bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DiffPop: Plausibility‐Guided Object Placement Diffusion for Image Composition
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Zhou Hang , Wei Shida , Ma Rui
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we address the problem of plausible object placement for the challenging task of realistic image composition. We propose DiffPop, the first framework that utilizes plausibility‐guided denoising diffusion probabilistic model to learn the scale and spatial relations among multiple objects and the corresponding scene image. First, we train an unguided diffusion model to directly learn the object placement parameters in a self‐supervised manner. Then, we develop a human‐in‐the‐loop pipeline which exploits human labeling on the diffusion‐generated composite images to provide the weak supervision for training a structural plausibility classifier. The classifier is further used to guide the diffusion sampling process towards generating the plausible object placement. Experimental results verify the superiority of our method for producing plausible and diverse composite images on the new Cityscapes‐OP dataset and the public OPA dataset, as well as demonstrate its potential in applications such as data augmentation and multi‐object placement tasks. Our dataset and code will be released.
Sleep and Respiratory Parameters After Lung Transplantation in Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kalkanis Alexandros , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Vos Robin , Dupont Lieven , Buyse Bertien , Testelmans Dries
Published: November 2024

Objective

We aimed to explore the prevalence and predictive factors of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) after lung transplantation (LTX).

Methods

We prospectively recruited adult pwCF who underwent LTX in our hospital from 2013 to 2022 and invited them for an attended overnight polysomnography (PSG) 1 year after transplantation. The apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was the primary outcome, and SDB was defined as an AHI ≥ 5. Demographic, anthropometric, cardiometabolic, drug treatment, and pulmonary function variables were compared between pwCF with and without SDB. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of SDB. For a subset of participants who had available PSG before transplantation, sleep parameters were compared pre‐post transplantation.

Results

Sixty‐two pwCF (31 females) were enrolled. Thirty participants had SDB, but only 11 of them had moderate‐to‐severe SDB (AHI ≥ 15). The average Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score indicated the absence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Older age (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.001), and smaller thoracic gas volume (p = 0.002) significantly predicted higher AHI. Comparison between pre‐ and post‐transplantation polysomnographic data showed a significant increase in the percentage of slow wave sleep (p = 0.047), as well as a significant improvement in mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (p = 0.007). A statistically significant increase in the AHI was also observed (p = 0.047), but its clinical importance is uncertain (p = 0.476 for the increase in the ESS score).

Conclusions

We may conclude that SDB is prevalent in pwCF after LTX, but its severity is mild. Older male pwCF with greater improvement in lung hyperinflation after transplantation might be at risk for SDB and should be followed for symptoms or signs of sleep apnea.
Multi‐Modality Imaging to Detect Ischemic and Valvular Heart Disease in Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Hugelshofer Sarah , Giacomuzzi‐Moore Bianca , Auberson Denise , Tzimas Georgios , Kamani Christel H. , Masi Ambra , Monney Pierre , Arangalage Dimitri , Poku Nana K.
Published: November 2024

Thanks to impressive advances in the field of oncology over the last 30 years, there has been a significant rise in cancer survivors. Nowadays, cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in this patient population. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem due to shared risk factors, an aging population and in many cases induced and/or accelerated atherosclerosis by antitumoral treatment during and even decades after the end of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CAD or valvular heart disease (VHD) at the time point of cancer diagnosis largely increases the risk of any cancer therapy‐related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR‐CVT). It is therefore of utmost importance to detect CAD and VHD before, during, and after certain types of chemotherapy, target therapies, and radiotherapy. Multimodality cardiovascular imaging plays a central role in this vulnerable population where individual risk stratification and multidisciplinary decision‐making are critical.
Behavior and developmental consequences of cannibalism in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhou Shangchao , Li Shengbo , Zheng Xialin , Wang Xiaoyun , Lu Wen
Published: November 2024

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly destructive agricultural pest. The ability of S. frugiperda to survive and reproduce is widely recognized, but it is also important to consider the role of larval cannibalism as a significant biological trait. Understanding the cannibalistic habits of pests helps to explore the dynamics and evolution of their populations and facilitates the monitoring of insect outbreaks. Therefore, the stages, densities, and intensity of cannibalism in S. frugiperda larvae, as well as the consequences for their development, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae showed obvious cannibalism after the third instar even in the presence of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) leaves; cannibalism was not observed in first instars. In the case of only one cannibal, the percentage of prey consumed by cannibalism decreased with higher prey density, and the predatory functional responses of fourth‐ to sixth‐instar predators to first‐ to third‐instar preys were fitted using the Holling II model. Compared with larvae feeding on maize only, larvae feeding on a diet of maize supplemented with third‐instar conspecifics had a longer developmental duration and a higher body weight, with no significant differences in larval survival, pupation, or eclosion rates. Larvae supplied with conspecifics only, in the absence of maize leaves, generally had a lower body weight than larvae supplied with maize only, although developmental duration was still longer, and longevity and fecundity rates were lower for these larvae. Overall, consuming a small quantity of conspecifics in addition to maize leaves prolonged the developmental duration of larvae and pupae to some extent, increased the body weight, and did not impact the longevity or reproduction of S. frugiperda. However, cannibalism only, without access to maize leaves, had a detrimental effect on adult longevity and reproduction. These findings could serve as a valuable reference for studying the life history of insects that consume agricultural crops and may have potential applications for biological control.
Editorial: Adolescent mental health in a rapidly changing world
Authors: Stevens Gonneke W. J. M.
Published: November 2024

There is substantial evidence that adolescent mental health has deteriorated considerably since the early 2010s across many countries, and much more strongly among girls than boys. This is probably due to a combination of societal changes that strongly influenced the lives of adolescents. The societal changes include the rise of social media and of academic pressure, the COVID‐19 pandemic and increasing worries about the future. Moreover, the decreasing trend in adolescent mental health might have resulted into more mental health awareness and a tendency to overinterpret negative psychological experiences as signs of mental health problems. Several suggestions for future research are provided to increase our understanding of the origins of the recent trends in adolescent mental health.
A machine learning model for predicting worsening renal function using one‐year time series data in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Watanabe Mari , Meguro Shu , Kimura Kaiken , Furukoshi Michiaki , Masuda Tsuyoshi , Enomoto Makoto , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

To prevent end‐stage renal disease caused by diabetic kidney disease, we created a predictive model for high‐risk patients using machine learning.

Methods and Results

The reference point was the time at which each patient's estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) first fell below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The input period spanned the reference point to 1 year prior. The primary endpoint was a 50% decrease in eGFR from the mean of the input period over the 3 year evaluation period. We created predictive models for patients’ primary endpoints using time series data of various variables over the input period. Among 2,533 total patients, 1,409 had reference points, 31 had records for their input and evaluation periods and had reached their primary endpoints, and 317 patients had not. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model peaked (0.81) when the minimum eGFR, the difference between maximum and minimum eGFR, and both maximum and minimum urinary protein values were included in the features.

Conclusion

The accuracy of prognosis prediction can be improved by considering the variable components of urinary protein and eGFR levels. This model will allow us to identify patients whose renal functions are relatively preserved with eGFR of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and are likely to benefit clinically from immediate treatment intensification.
Developing a peripheral blood RNA‐seq based NETseq ensemble classifier: A potential novel tool for non‐invasive detection and treatment response assessment in neuroendocrine tumor patients receiving 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT
Authors: Padwal Mahesh K. , Parghane Rahul V. , Chakraborty Avik , Ujaoney Aman Kumar , Anaganti Narasimha , Basu Sandip , Basu Bhakti
Published: November 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are presented with metastases due to delayed diagnosis. We aimed to identify NET‐related biomarkers from peripheral blood. The development and validation of a multi‐gene NETseq ensemble classifier using peripheral blood RNA‐Seq is reported. RNA‐Seq was performed on peripheral blood samples from 178 NET patients and 73 healthy donors. Distinguishing gene features were identified from a learning cohort (59 PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NET patients and 38 healthy donors). Ensemble classifier combining the output of five machine learning algorithms viz. Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR) were trained and independently validated in the evaluation cohort (n = 106). The response to PRRT was evaluated in the PRRT cohort (n = 46) and the PRRT response monitoring cohort (n = 16). The response to 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT was assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria. The Ensemble classifier trained on 61 gene features, distinguished NET from healthy samples with 100% accuracy in the learning cohort. In an evaluation cohort, the classifier achieved 93% sensitivity (95% CI: 87.8%–98.03%) and 91.4% specificity (95% CI: 82.1%–100%) for PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NETs (AUROC = 95.4%). The classifier returned >87.5% sensitivity across different tumor characteristics and outperformed serum Chromogranin A sensitivity (χ2 = 21.89, p = 4.161e−6). In the PRRT cohort, RECIST 1.1 responders showed significantly lower NETseq prediction scores after 177Lu‐DOTATATE PRRT, in comparison to the non‐responders. In an independent response monitoring cohort, paired samples (before PRRT and after 2nd or 3rd cycle of PRRT) were analyzed. The NETseq prediction score significantly decreased in partial responders (p = .002) and marginally reduced in stable disease (p = .068). The NETseq ensemble classifier identified PRRT‐naïve GEP‐NETs with high accuracy (≥92%) and demonstrated a potential role in early treatment response monitoring in the PRRT setting. This blood‐based, non‐invasive, multi‐analyte molecular method could be developed as a valuable adjunct to conventional methods in the detection and treatment response assessment in NET patients.
Cover Image
Authors: Dussenne Mélanie , Alward Beau A.
Published: November 2024

The cover image is based on the Article Expression of novel androgen receptors in three GnRH neuron subtypes in the cichlid brain by Mélanie Dussenne and Beau A. Alward, https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13429.

image
Timing Matters: Late, but Not Early, Exercise Training Ameliorates MASLD in Part by Modulating the Gut‐Liver Axis in Mice
Authors: Kovynev Artemiy , Ying Zhixiong , Zhang Sen , Olgiati Emanuele , Lambooij Joost M. , Visentin Clara , Guigas Bruno , Ducarmon Quinten R. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Schönke Milena
Published: November 2024

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects two billion people worldwide and is currently mostly treatable via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. However, it is unclear whether the positive effects of exercise are restricted to unique circadian windows. We therefore aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates MASLD development. Twenty weeks old male APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice were fed a high fat‐high cholesterol diet to induce MASLD and treadmill‐trained for 1 h five times per week for 12 weeks either early (ZT13; E‐RUN) or late (ZT22; L‐RUN) in the dark phase while corresponding sedentary groups (E‐SED and L‐SED) did not. Late, but not early exercise training decreased the MASLD score, body weight, fat mass, and liver triglycerides, accompanied by an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Specifically, only late exercise training increased the abundance of short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacterial families and genera, such as Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenella. To assess the role of the gut microbiota in training‐induced effects, the study was repeated and trained (ZT22 only, RUN) or sedentary mice (SED) served as fecal donors for sedentary recipient mice (RUN FMT and SED FMT). Fecal microbiota transplantation reduced liver weight and plasma triglycerides in RUN FMT compared to SED FMT and tended to lower the MASLD score and liver triglycerides. Timing of exercise training is a critical factor for the positive effect on MASLD in this preclinical model, and the effect of late exercise is partially mediated via the gut‐liver axis.
Changes of the Urothelial Barrier System in the Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Cystitis in Rats by Using a Newly Established “Inside‐Out” Urinary Bladder Preparation
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Natsuya Hiroki , Fujita Tomoe
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The study was aimed to establish the “inside‐out” preparation with the urothelium and investigate the changes in urothelial permeability of the cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced cystitis model in rats.

Methods

In female rats with or without CYP injection, the isolated whole bladder was utilized as an “inside‐out” preparation with the urothelium, which was created by reversing the bladder from a top portion. The preparation was fixed in the organ bath, and instilled with a Krebs solution (0.5 mL) through the bladder neck. After it was kept under an isovolumetric condition, high K+ (KCl: 50 mM) or acetylcholine (ACh: 10 μM) was added into the organ bath.

Results

In the normal bladder, the intravesical pressure of the inside‐out preparation with the urothelium did not change with the addition of KCl or ACh. Contrarily, in the CYP‐injected bladder 24 or 48 h after injection of CYP, the intravesical pressure of the inside‐out preparation increased with the addition of KCl or ACh. Histological examinations showed a denuded and/or cracked surface of the urothelial layer, and the intensity of uroplakin III staining of the urothelial layer decreased in the CYP‐injected rats.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the bladder urothelium has robust barrier mechanisms for preventing the absorption of water (urine) under the normal condition. However, these barrier mechanisms were disrupted in the CYP‐induced cystitis, suggesting that water and urine insults can be permeabilized into the urinary bladder, specifically to the smooth muscle layer.
A reappraisal of the petrogenesis of Apollo 17 lunar dunites 72415‐72417: Relics of the deep lunar mantle?
Authors: Bhanot K. K. , Downes H. , Rider‐Stokes B. G. , Jennings E. S. , Anand M. , Snape J. F. , Whitehouse M. J.
Published: November 2024

Lunar dunite samples 72415–72417, collected by Apollo 17 astronauts from a South Massif boulder in the Taurus–Littrow valley, are crushed breccias composed of several types of olivine‐ and clinopyroxene‐rich clasts, some of which are (or contain) intergrowths of Cr‐spinel and pyroxenes or plagioclase. Among the clasts are ellipsoidal symplectites of Cr‐spinel and pyroxene, up to 300 μm in diameter, which have bulk compositions consistent with those of olivine + garnet. These symplectites are inferred to originally have been olivine + Mg‐Cr‐rich garnet (pyrope–uvarovite) that formed deep in the lunar mantle and were subsequently transported closer to the lunar surface (spinel‐ or plagioclase‐peridotite stability fields), perhaps during gravitationally driven overturn. Abundant microsymplectite (30 μm diameter) intergrowths of Cr‐spinel and pyroxene inside olivine grains, many associated with inclusions of plagioclase and augite, formed during a later decompression event (perhaps excavation to the lunar surface). These inclusions have not previously been recorded in these samples and could be responsible for earlier reports of igneous zoning in olivine. Electron backscatter diffraction data show evidence of high shock pressures (>50 GPa), which are inferred to have occurred during the impact which excavated the dunites from the shallow anorthite‐bearing lunar mantle. Apatite veinlets post‐date the shock metamorphism and have been dated to 3983 ± 72 Ma and 3913 ± 118 Ma by the U–Pb method. This age is consistent with that inferred for the Imbrium impact basin, suggesting that the dunite was finally excavated from the mantle during formation of the Imbrium basin.
The economics of translating a biosimilar from lab to market in India
Authors: Gandhi Sonia , Patankar Dhananjay , Kashiramka Smita , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to establish a cost basis for biologics manufacturers and policymakers by quantifying the price and time required to bring a biosimilar from the lab to market. For efficient implementation of a cost‐based policy, especially for life‐saving medicines like biosimilars, it is imperative to establish a benchmark for the cost involved in biosimilar development. In this holistic and multiple‐case study, stage‐wise cost estimates of biosimilar development were obtained for microbial and mammalian systems. The investigation of six biopharmaceutical companies based in India concluded that biosimilar development through the microbial system costs ∼18 million USD and ∼21 million USD for the mammalian system. Additionally, 45–50 million USD is required as a one‐time capital investment. Further, US/EU authorization can cost ∼25 million USD per product. Clinical studies are the most expensive and account for 60%–70% of total development cost. The presented information can serve as a basis for implementing cost‐based pricing in countries like India and reimbursement policies for biosimilars under Medicare Part B in the United States.
Revisiting Women's Empowerment and Contraception
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J. , Sathar Zeba
Published: November 2024

This essay explores and reviews the literature from low‐ and middle‐income countries on the pathways of influence between women's empowerment and reproductive outcomes, specially focusing on contraception, and points to some outstanding gaps. We adopt a framework that assesses the influence of contextual factors, notably kinship structures, and marriage systems, on women's empowerment and agency and other transformational factors affecting women's agency and gender roles and wielding direct and indirect influences on empowerment and contraceptive outcomes. The review of around 80 studies highlights that even after other factors are adjusted, women's agency has a strong influence on contraceptive outcomes. Contraceptive use levels are likely influenced by community‐level factors above and beyond individual‐level factors. Transformational factors, especially exogenous factors such as education and family planning programs, have independent and direct effects on contraceptive outcomes, at times even weakening or canceling out the effects of women's agency. Comprehensive contraceptive transition theory must reserve a central place for women's empowerment through agency and gender roles, particularly the ability of women and girls to make independent and free contraceptive choices. Relatedly, progress in contraceptive transition should be assessed according to not only contraceptive prevalence but also women's ability to use their preferred choice of methods for achieving reproductive rights.
Research on Integrated Management Path of Comorbidity Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Fan Jinhe , Fan Jianing , Wang Ziqi , Chen Jieting , Jing Mingxia
Published: November 2024

Background

This study seeks to thoroughly investigate the generation mechanism of the integrated management pathway for comorbidities, as well as its implementation and execution in practical settings. The findings aim to offer insights for the development of an integrated mechanism for comorbidity services.

Method

The collected raw data was coded and analyzed in depth by utilizing grounded theory as the research methodology, in conjunction with NVivo 14.0 software for qualitative analysis, and by adhering to domestic and international guidelines and consensus on comorbidity management.

Result

Following the three‐level coding process, a total of 49 initial categories, 14 main categories, and 4 core categories (supply‐type, demand‐type, collaboration‐type, and environment‐type) were identified. Subsequently, a four‐dimensional comprehensive comorbidities management pathway model, referred to as the “Derivative driving force—management pathway—main body network—operation mechanism,” was developed.

Conclusion

The model integrates the four paths of supply‐type, demand‐type, collaboration‐type, and environment‐type with the derived dynamics, subject network, and operation mechanism of comorbidities management. This not only enhances the comprehensiveness and continuity of comorbidities management but also establishes clear direction and evaluation indices for future empirical research.
Reduced soil moisture drives leaf anatomical shifts more than chronically elevated temperatures in European temperate trees
Authors: Didion‐Gency M. , Deluigi J. , Gisler J. , Juillard T. , Schaub M. , Tuñas‐Corzon A. , Grossiord C.
Published: November 2024

Chronic reductions in soil moisture combined with high air temperatures can modify tree carbon and water relations. However, little is known about how trees acclimate their foliar structure to the individual and combined effects of these two climate drivers.

We used open‐top chambers to determine the multi‐year effects of chronic air warming (+5 °C) and soil moisture reduction (−50%) alone and in combination on the foliar anatomy of two European tree species. We further investigated how these climate drivers affected the relationship between foliar anatomy and physiology/chemistry in young downy oak and European beech trees.

After 4 years, reduced soil moisture led to development of thinner leaves with a narrower epidermis and lower gas exchange for oak and beech, but to a lesser extent in the latter. In contrast, prolonged warming did not affect the anatomical and physiological/chemical traits in either species. Warming also did not exacerbate the impacts of dry soils, highlighting soil moisture as the key driver in leaf anatomical shifts.

While soil moisture altered oak foliar anatomy, and the physiology and chemistry of both species, our work revealed a limited acclimation potential towards more drought‐ and heat‐tolerant leaves as conditions become drier and warmer, suggesting potentially high vulnerability of both species to future climate predictions.
An Innovative Approach: Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Grapevine Seedlings Using Smoke Solution Derived from the Burning of Vineyard Pruning Waste
Authors: Yağcı Adem , Daler Selda , Kaya Ozkan
Published: November 2024

Although plant‐derived smoke solutions (SSs) have exhibited growth‐promoting properties in various plant species, their potential role in mitigating heavy metal stress, specifically in grapevines, has remained unexplored and unreported. This knowledge gap prompted the present study to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of SSs derived from vineyard pruning waste at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% in mitigating Cadmium (Cd) phytotoxicity in grape saplings. In our study, cadmium stress was induced by applying 10 mg/kg CdCl2 to the root area of the saplings, in conjunction with fertilizers. Our findings showed that exposure to Cd toxicity impeded the growth of grapevine saplings, adversely affecting shoot and root length, as well as fresh weight. Furthermore, it resulted in a reduction in chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and leaf water content while significantly increasing membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. Notably, the application of 0.5% SS enhanced grapevine sapling growth and alleviated Cd stress‐induced damage by more effectively regulating physiological and biochemical responses compared to the control and other concentrations. Based on our results, under Cd stress conditions, the application of 0.5% SS effectively increased chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (1.79 mmol.m−2.sn−1), and total phenolic content (1.89 mg.g−1), whereas it significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and membrane damage (1.35 nmol.g−1). Additionally, it significantly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (2.16 U.mg−1), catalase (CAT) (1.55 U.mg−1), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (3.03 U.mg−1). The study demonstrated that plant‐derived SS mitigates Cd stress in grapevines by enhancing antioxidative defence mechanisms.
Two paths of news frames affecting support for particulate matter policies in South Korea: The moderating roles of media exposure and psychological distance
Authors: Lim In‐jae , Kim Yungwook , Kim Soyoung
Published: November 2024

This study examined the paths through which the news frames of particulate matter (PM) influence support for governmental policies aiming to address PM. It also explored the mediating effects of anxiety and risk perception in the relationship between news frames and policy support, as well as the moderating effects of media exposure and psychological distance on the PM news framing effect. Based on an experimental design (N = 676), two groups of news frames were prepared for comparison: a narrative frame group and a numerical frame group. The results showed no significant differences in anxiety or risk perception between the two groups. Further, no significant mediating effects of anxiety or risk perception were found in the process through which PM news frames influence support for governmental policies. However, media exposure significantly moderated the effect of the narrative frame: With high (low) media exposure, the narrative frame positively (negatively) influenced policy support through risk perception. Moreover, when the level of psychological distance was low, the narrative frame positively influenced policy support through risk perception. This study contributes to the literature on news framing of PM by integrating cognitive and emotional mechanisms in forming policy attitudes.
Representations of GLn(D)$GL_n(D)$ near the identity
Authors: Henniart Guy , Vignéras Marie‐France
Published: November 2024

Let be a prime number, and a finite extension of or of . We consider the group for a positive integer and a central finite‐dimensional division ‐algebra of ‐dimension . For an irreducible smooth complex representation of , inspired by work of R. Howe when , we establish the existence and uniqueness of integers , for partitions of , such that for any small enough compact open subgroup of , the restriction of to is the same as that of the virtual representation , where the sum is over partitions of and is a parabolic subgroup of in the associate class determined by . When is minimal such that , we prove that is positive, equal to the dimension of a generalized Whittaker model of . We elucidate the behavior of under the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence of Badulescu from to . We extend the above result on near identity to a representation of over a field with characteristic not . For any Moy–Prasad pro‐ subgroup of , we determine from the integers a polynomial with integral coefficients and degree independent on , such that, for large enough integers , the dimension of fixed points in under the th congruence subgroup of is where is the cardinality of the residue field of .
Mechanics of a Tunable Bistable Metamaterial With Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Lin Ruijie , Xu Shuai , Liu Zishun
Published: November 2024

Bistable metamaterials, characterized by their ability to transition between two stable configurations, find applications in the fields of morphing structures, energy harvesting systems, and bionics. Shape memory polymers (SMP) are a class of smart materials that can revert to their original shape from a deformed state when subjected to appropriate stimuli. In this study, we have designed and manufactured a tunable bistable metamaterial incorporating SMP, utilizing 3D printing technology. The unit cell of the metamaterial comprises a curved beam supported by walls. By modifying the material distribution, the structure can transition from a monostable to bistable states. To deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the tunable bistable metamaterial, we developed a theoretical model that quantifies the characteristics of state transitions. In particular, our theory can accurately predict the criteria for state transitions, governed by the modulus ratio between the curved beam and supporting walls. The accuracy of these criteria is validated through a combination of experimental and theoretical analyses, alongside finite element simulations. By applying this criterion, we can readily control the material's modulus ratio in the structure through thermal stimuli, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of tunable and programmable bistable metamaterials in this work.
A Comparative Study Between ASME B16.5 and EN1092-1 Weld Neck Flanges
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Bouzid Sofiane
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the most extensively used flange standards in the pressure vessels and pipping industry worldwide are ASME B16.5 and EN 1092-1. There has been a lot of hesitation in allowing easy functionality and interchangeability between the two standards because there is little or no information that compare them. The first standard has been in use since its first approval and publication in 1927. While the European standard was approved by CEN in 2001, it is based on DIN flange standard that was adopted in 1928. Although these standards have been evolved through the years it is worth conducting a comparative study of their present forms to help the design engineer comprehend the difference between the two standards in order to make an informed decision regarding the use of these standards in pressure vessel and piping projects around the world.

This paper compares the integrity and leak tightness of these two standard flanges and covers the sizes from 15 mm to 600 mm (NPS 0.5 to 24) and all nominal pressures from PN10 to PN400 and classes 150 to 2500. The study compares parameters such as flange rotation, the maximum stresses in the flanges, the gaskets contact stresses, the bolts loads and the level of tightness. The analyses are conducted using the analytical model describe in paper PVP2023-10936 using SA105 and flange materials at room temperature for the bolt-up and pressure conditions.
FRP Piping Stress Analysis Using the AutoPIPE Software With ASME NM.2 and NM.3.3
Authors: Fathi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

This technical paper defines a consistent approach for the pipe stress analysis of FRP piping based on the guidelines of ASME NM.2. It includes AutoPIPE setup (as an example) for FRP stress analysis. It determines the qualification criteria for FRP piping stress analysis. This method applies to the latest version of AutoPIPE and all previous software versions.

Define how to incorporate the correct allowable stress envelope, chemical resistance, cyclic service, poison ratio, thermal expansion coefficient factor, appropriate stress code, and longitudinal (axial) /circumferential (hoop)/shear modulus of elasticity. Lastly, address the proper stress intensification factor and how all the stresses must be verified.

Define how to incorporate the correct allowable stress, service temperature, environmental factor, poison ratio, thermal expansion coefficient factor, appropriate stress code, and apparent elastic modulus to meet the code cycles, as well as how it will be implemented regarding the duration of sustained loading to have a safe and standard design.

To date, none of the recognized stress analysis software like AutoPIPE and Caesar II has the ASME NM.2 in their database, but in this paper, we have tried to justify using other codes to be used and analyze the FRP/GRP pipe to meet the NM.2.
Successful On-Site Modification in CO2 Stripper of 44 Years Old Ammonia Plant
Authors: Wasi Hafiz Muhammad Zeshan , Farooq Asif , Khalid Saad
Published: November 2024

Pak Arab Fertilizers Plant was established in 1978 with name plate capacity 960 MTPD, KBR Technology. CO2 stripper installed originally with sieve trays. As part of Ammonia Energy Conservation project, sieve trays were replaced with packed bed design to improve stripping efficiency. Modifying 44 years old Stripper Column (∼58.5m height and Inner diameter 4.15m) has potential risks & integrity challenges considering increase in internal vessel loading by 19% from original design and addition of 07 new nozzles / manways along with resizing of 01 existing nozzle. A comprehensive assessment methodology adopted along with robust engineering reviews, Quality Assurance & Quality Control plans for safe execution. This paper focuses on the key learnings including fit for service check of design through Finite Element Analysis on existing vessel skirt for new loadings, existing civil foundation load bearing capacity check through modelling and analysis using MAT 3D, new / modified piping stress analysis using CAESAR II, Vessel design re-evaluation using ASME Sec VIII Div. I, stringent quality control methodology for repairs / alterations during execution & Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) exemption for on-site weld repairs & old asset Inspection plans to monitor, maintain, and enhance safe operating life. This article will help operators to learn design consideration for old in-situ vessel modifications, Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) framework & integrity management plan to extend asset life to avoid loss of containment.
Key Learnings From Large-Bore Compressor Piping Design of a Carbon Capture System
Authors: Fernando John , Chan Luke , Kwok Henry , Yuen Simon , Roberts Steven
Published: November 2024

Thermo-mechanical loading and nominal pipe size are two critical considerations in the design/engineering of large-bore piping configurations, particularly when pipe diameter-to-thickness ratios exceed those commonly treated in conventional codes and standards. These considerations are further challenged when operating space is limited — which makes flexibility in the piping system more difficult to manipulate — and when rotating equipment (such as compressors) must be incorporated into the design. In the case of compressors, when the nominal pipe size is large enough that it is comparable in size to the compressor itself, the rigidity of the pipe can also produce loads on the casing that exceed the allowables. The present study outlines several important design features that should be considered when designing systems that require large-bore piping. To this end, a case study involving the retrofitting of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) facility to an existing plant is presented. In general, the retrofitting of CCS facilities is commonly constrained by the design considerations described above. Holistic design approaches that can accommodate these challenges are therefore of great importance as carbon capture initiatives become more prevalent.
Research on Effects of Surface Finishing and Mean Stress on Fatigue Lives of Notched Specimens: Test Plan and Summary of Outcomes
Authors: Asada Seiji , Hirano Akihiko , Itatani Masao , Kitamura Yoshihide , Ogawa Takeshi
Published: November 2024

DFC and DFC2 subcommittees in the Japan Welding Engineering Society developed a new approach of fatigue analysis method with supports from the Japanese utilities. The JSME Code Committee reviewed this fatigue analysis method and approved to incorporate it into the JSME Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Method 2022 Edition with some modifications. Also, research on effects of surface finishing and mean stress on fatigue lives of notched specimens have been followed by DFC3 and DFC4 subcommittees with supports from the Japanese utilities. In this paper, test plan and overview of the outcomes of DFC3 and DFC4 subcommittees are introduced.

Effects of surface finishing on fatigue strength and relation between a fatigue strength reduction factor and mean stress correction have been investigated using notched specimens, whose materials are carbon steel (JIS STPT370) and low alloy steel (JIS SQV2A).

The applicability of the Ksf (factor for the effect of surface finishing) equation of the JSME Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Method to notched specimens has been investigated and confirmed based on the experimental results.

The order of consideration of fatigue strength reduction factor and mean stress correction may not be considered if the Smith-Watson-Topper approach can be applied to mean stress correction. Hence, the applicability of the Smith-Watson-Topper approach with stress concentration and mean stress have been investigated and confirmed based on the experimental results.
Knowledge Graph-Based Decision Model for Gas Pipeline Emergency Response
Authors: Xu Houjia , Jian Shuai
Published: November 2024

Facing the problems of complexity and variability of oil and gas pipeline accidents and difficulty in giving emergency decision points efficiently, an emergency decision-making method for gas pipeline accidents based on knowledge graph was proposed. First of all, based on the evolutionary characteristics of oil and gas pipeline accidents, we built the model layer of oil and gas pipeline accident emergency knowledge map and construct the ontology model and conceptual framework of emergency knowledge map. Then, the bidirectional long and short-term memory neural network-conditional random field algorithm model was used to extract entities and relationships from 343 oil and gas pipeline accident investigation reports to populate the data in the schema layer. Then, the establishment of entity nodes and relationships was realized through the Neo4j graph database, and the oil and gas pipeline emergency response domain knowledge graph was constructed. Finally, the recommendation and ranking of emergency decision points were realized by clustering the nodes and relations of oil and gas pipeline emergency response tasks, which improves the accuracy of the emergency decision process. The method was applied to the Songyuan pipeline explosion accident in Jilin Province through example analysis. The research results show that the method realizes the rapid generation of the points of the emergency response process for newly occurred accidents. Compared with the accident investigation report, the recommended emergency response points supplement the original emergency response measures with countermeasures during the accident evolution process, combustible gas concentration monitoring, and emergency response upgrading, which further improves the emergency decision-making process. This method not only effectively solves the contradiction that the current massive data in the field of oil and gas pipeline emergency response cannot provide decision support for emergency response, but also provides a new way for emergency response decision-making in oil and gas pipeline accidents.
Analytical Assessment and Mitigation Strategies for Vibration in High-Pressure and Temperature Piping Subjected to Wall Thinning
Authors: Rehman Sameer Abdul , Alian Ahmed , Abbas Anis , Khan Qasim , Mekky Waleed
Published: November 2024

Critical high energy piping lines such as the Main Steam Lines of a Nuclear Power Plant are subject to high pressure, temperature, and flow rates. Operational activities on these lines can produce large dynamic loads that can cause vibration problems resulting in high stresses. High vibration in these critical lines can lead to leakages, support failures, small bore piping failures, or a main steam line break. In aging nuclear power plants, wall thinning due to corrosion can be a significant factor to consider in piping lines that are known to experience vibration.

This paper provides recommendations and mitigation strategies to reduce vibration problems in large-bore piping by assessing a typical layout of a main steam line utilizing a piping analysis software. Iterations are carried out to determine type and location of pipe supports to reduce piping code stresses and displacements. Areas of the piping known to experience wall thinning are also considered. In load cases where code stresses exceed code allowable limits, a Level 3 Fitness for Service Assessment per API 579-1/ASME FFS 2021 Code edition is performed via 3D finite element analysis.

The analysis results show that the piping stresses and displacements due to dynamic loads can be reduced effectively with the addition of supports in appropriate locations. It can also be seen that the generalized wall thickness due to aging piping lines can have a significant impact on the code stresses. Finally, modeling local thinning area in the FEA model in the Level 3 FFS assessment resulted in a less conservative analysis that allowed the corroded component to operate without repair until the next planned outage.
Analytical Modeling of Autofrettaged Cylinders With Consideration to Bauschinger Effect and Reduced Elastic Modulus
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim
Published: November 2024

The accurate prediction of residual stresses in autofrettaged thick cylinders is an absolute precondition for a successful design that avoids failure and predicts the fatigue life of these plastically deformed structures. The strain hardening material models during initial plastic loading and stress reversals play a major role in evaluating the residual stresses. In addition, the consideration of Bauschinger effect and the reduced elastic modulus are key parameters in the accurate prediction of the stresses specifically near the cylinder bore.

A new analytical model that considers the accurate material constitutive model defined by the material characterization conducted by Troiano and al. [1] is developed. The true strain-hardening material behavior during the initial pressure loading and subsequent stress reversals that includes Bauschinger effect and the material possible softening due to the reduced elastic modulus are taken into consideration by the developed model. The analysis is based on the Henckey deformation theory and uses the Von Mises yield criteria. The radial, hoop, longitudinal and equivalent stress results from the analytical model are compared to the ones obtained from the numerical Finite Element Method (FEM) used in conjunction with user-defined material models that includes gun material such as A723-1160, HY180 and PH 13-8Mo. The good agreement obtained shows the robustness of the developed model.
Formula-Based Thermal Stratification Analysis of Hotleg Safety Injection Piping Using Probabilistic Approach to Measured-Temperature Data
Authors: Lee Bonghee , Nam Ilkwun , Park Sangyun , Kim Hyeongwook
Published: November 2024

Thermal stratification could cause serious damages to both piping and its supports, and fatigue cracks in piping systems. For this reason, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued Bulletin 88-08 to investigate which unisolable portions of piping systems from the reactor coolant system could be potentially susceptible to thermal stratification.

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based method has been widely used to predict the fluid behavior inside the piping caused by the thermal stratification. However, the results of the finite element analysis sometimes lead to different results from the actual phenomenon due to uncertainty of several variables dependent on the temperature, flow rate, and pressure required for the CFD-based thermal stratification analysis. Consequently, when performing the structural and fatigue evaluations using the CFD-based analysis results which do not sufficiently reflect the actual thermal stratification phenomenon in piping systems, the piping design may not adequately consider the effects of thermal stratification-induced stresses. The measured-temperature data from a piping system with the thermal stratification phenomenon show the actual effects of the thermal stratification in the piping system, but it may contain some uncertainty from the operating and atmospheric conditions, measurement error, etc. that affect the thermal stratification analysis results.

In this paper, a probabilistic approach has been applied to the measured-temperature data from the hotleg safety injection (HSI) piping system to account for the effects of the abovementioned uncertainty, and design temperature curves were developed based on the probabilistic approach results to perform the structural and fatigue evaluations by incorporating the effects of the thermal stratification from the HSI piping system. Also, CFD-based, finite element method (FEM)-based, and formula-based thermal stratification analyses have been performed, and their results were compared with each other to review the applicability of the formula-based analysis method to the HSI piping system. When performing the FEM-based and formula-based analysis methods, the design temperature curves determined from the results of the probabilistic approach to the measured-temperature data were used.