bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of WAIS—R and WISC—III Scores with a Sample of 16-Year-Old Youth
Authors: Thompson Anthony P. , Sota Daniela D.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS–R) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC–III) were compared for 46 youth in the overlapping 16-yr.-age range Students were administered the tests in a counterbalanced order with an average retest interval of 40 days. Self-reported grade average was also obtained from students. Criteria for parallel tests (equal means, equal variances, equal covariances) were applied in the analyses. WAIS–R and WISC–III summary IQs were parallel, but corresponding subtest scores as a group were not parallel.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CXII. Intelligence, Behavior Genetics, and the Pioneer Fund
Authors: Weyher Harry F.
Published: August 2011

Since World War I, political controversies have complicated the longstanding debate on nature versus nurture, especially the question of the source of the observed mean difference in intelligence between white and black groups. The Pioneer Fund, one of the few nonprofit foundations making grants for study and research into human individual and group differences, has been widely and unfairly attacked by those who believe any such research jeopardizes political commitment to legal equality. The four main scholarly areas of research financially supported by Pioneer have been behavioral genetics, cognitive ability, demographic characteristics, and racial variation. This article provides a unique perspective on the history of the Pioneer Fund and some of the controversies that have taken place.
Comment on “The Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Scale”
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 69 undergraduates, Osman, et al.'s Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Scale was similar in power to Beck, et al.'s hopelessness scale in predicting current and lifetime suicidal ideation, but proved to be a useful adjunct.
Attitudes toward Gun Control in Urban and Suburban Youth
Authors: Carcilli Alice , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 169 fifth and sixth graders, girls and 5th graders were more in favor of gun control than boys and 6th graders.
Comparison of the Validity of Monothematic versus Nonmonothematic Self-Report Surveys of Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Price James H. , Robinson K. Lynne
Published: August 2011

The validity of self-reported health behaviors using monothematic questionnaires has been questioned as such use may enhance subjects' response set. Subsequently, 367 students in a midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of two questionnaire groups, monothematic or nonmonothematic. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on total reported alcohol consumption.
Rule-Based Expert System versus Novices' Heuristics: A Matching Identification Problem
Authors: Mehrez A. , Steinberg G.
Published: August 2011

The present study focused on encoding and retrieval of knowledge as aids to decision-making by comparing the performance of rule-based expert systems and novices' heuristics within the framework of a matching identification problem. A rule-based expert system is developed with a computerized controlled procedure to evaluate and compare its performance with search strategies employed by novices. Analysis indicated that, as problem size increased, the system's outcome compared to novices' heuristics is improved.
Socioeconomic Changes Associated with Medical Indices in the Democratic Republic of Croatia
Authors: Čatipović-Veselica Katija
Published: August 2011

In Croatia after the demise of socialism, unemployment and poverty have risen dramatically. Associated health problems have increased in prevalence. Examples are mortality from cardiovascular disease and use of illicit drugs. At the same time, the number of live births and abortions have significantly decreased. The extreme and protracted stress reactions are associated as triggers of great health problems.
Recurrence of War in Classical East and West Civilizations
Authors: Krus David J. , Nelsen Edward A. , Webb James M.
Published: August 2011

Frequencies of western wars for the period of 1600–1945 were compared within frequencies of wars in China for the period separating Han and Qing dynasties of Imperial China (206 BC-1911 AD). The frequency of warfare was about the same except for the periods characterized by predominance of the Confucian ethics. When Confucius' teachings were accepted as guiding principles within the Chinese society, the frequency of Chinese wars was substantially lower than the frequency of warfare typical of western civilizations.
Clinical Trainees' Recollections of Their Training in a Diagnostic Preschool Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Holmes George R. , Wright Harry H. , Leonhardt Tami V. , Cuccaro Michael
Published: August 2011

26 clinician trainees' recollections of experiences in a diagnostic preschool program were analyzed in terms of strength and weaknesses of the program.
A Potential Moderating Role of Stress in the Association of Disease Activity and Psychological Status among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Arango Manuel A. , Cano Pablo O.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the role of perceived daily stress as a potential moderator in the relation between a set of predictors (disease activity, education, pain) and psychological status (anxiety, depression) of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Psychological measures served as dependent variables in hierarchical regression analyses testing for potential interaction effects of daily stress upon relationships between predictors and dependent measures. No predictors predicted directly scores on depression and anxiety; however, daily stress directly predicted scores on depression and anxiety, even after having separately controlled for each of the predictors. Increased disease activity had significantly stronger associations with increased psychological morbidity only among patients reporting high scores on daily stress, suggesting a potential moderating role for stress.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Paruresis: A Case Report
Authors: Jaspers Jan P. C.
Published: August 2011

This article reviews directive interventions for paruresis, the inability to urinate in the proximity of others. As in treatments for other anxiety disorders, historical interventions have included the use of paradoxical intention and several different forms of exposure. The results of pharmacological treatment have not proven promising. Although a multidimensional treatment model has been recommended, little attention has been paid to treating cognitive components of the problem. In this paper, a single case is described in which cognitive components of the problem of paruresis were evident. A cognitive approach and exposure in vivo were applied. Measures of successful trials were obtained over 18 weeks. The combination of cognitive interventions and gradual exposure was effective in reducing paruresis. At follow-up 6 mo. later results had been maintained. The results of this case suggest more attention to the cognitive components is appropriate in the treatment of paruresis, as was stated previously for other specific social phobias.
Periodic Berth-Year Pattern of the Founders of Statistical Sciences
Authors: Verhulst Jos , Onghena Patrick
Published: August 2011

The distribution of the birth-years of 19 founders of statistical sciences, as reported in a recent book on the history of statistics, shows a circaseptennian (approximately 7-year) periodicity. A second sample of 31 statistical pioneers, extracted from the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, supports the first observation. Up to the end of the 19th century, founders of statistical sciences tended to be born in years belonging to the 7 n+2 phase. There are also indications for circaseptennian patterns connecting different statistical schools during the last century. These findings extend earlier reports of a circaseptennian pattern in the birth-year distribution of physicists.
Family Relations and Psychosocial Risk in Families with an Obese Adolescent
Authors: Valtolina Giovanni G. , Marta Elena
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present study is a comparison of family relations in families with an obese adolescent and families with a normal-weight adolescent. Particularly, we studied the parents' and children's perceptions of some crucial areas of their relationship, e.g., communication, support, and some factors of “psychosocial risk” for the adolescents. We compared 30 family triads each with an obese child and 30 family triads each with a normal-weight child. We used a questionnaire aimed to evaluate some crucial variables of family functioning such as communication, family climate, support and satisfaction. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded no difference between obese and nonobese adolescents concerning communication with their mothers and fathers and concerning support given and received from them. In particular, analysis indicated no difference between parents of obese adolescents and parents of normal-weight adolescents regarding openness and problems in communication. As a protective factor against psychosocial risk, in both the samples the relationship with the mother arises as relevant, but, for the nonobese adolescents, both support and communication with this parent were important, whereas for the obese adolescents only support seemed to be really important. The results are discussed with respect to this approach which considered the family as the unit of analysis both from a theoretical and a methodological point of view.
Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance for Heroin Addiction
Authors: Murray John B.
Published: August 2011

Methadone maintenance programs have effectively reduced heroin dependency and are available in most countries affected by heroin addiction. Methadone, developed in Germany during World War II as a pain killer, does not have the euphoric effects of heroin and the goal of treatment is to substitute methadone for heroin use. Recidivism is probably a life-long risk. Methadone maintenance programs began in the 1960s in the United States in New York City. Once tolerance is developed, it may be used continually without harmful side effects. Dosage is important for effectiveness as are counseling, rehabilitation services, and employment support. Reduction in criminality and AIDS has been associated with methadone maintenance programs.
Relations among Freedom of Action, Goal Orientation, Coupling, and Satisfaction with Frame Management among School Managers
Authors: Kirkhaug Rudi , Halvari Hallgeir
Published: August 2011

Determinants of satisfaction with frame management were investigated among 78 managers representing all 30 upper secondary schools in Nordland county, Norway. The school managers are managed by the central county administration through a frame management system. Frame management or frame budgeting is a system for managing decentralised units in the public sector while trying to meet the needs for accountability and flexibility which should make public service more cost effective and of better quality. Subjects were tested on perceived goal orientation of the management system, their perceived personal coupling to the central county administration and their perceived freedom of action within the frames. The school managers' personal competence, i.e., education and leadership competence, and the cultural climate of cooperation in schools were also assessed. Analyses showed that all these determinants correlated positively and significantly with satisfaction with frame management, and multiple regression analysis showed freedom of action and education to be the major predictors of satisfaction with frame management in this sample.
Revisiting Sexual Styles: Patterns of Adolescents' Self-Perceptions
Authors: Smith Anthony M. A. , Rosenthal Doreen A.
Published: August 2011

Recently, Buzwell and Rosenthal proposed that sexual styles were a useful way of understanding young people's constructions of a sexual identity. In this work we replicated with a sample of 522 15- to 16-yr.-olds in broad terms, the five styles identified by Buzwell and Rosenthal.
Time Sensitivity and Purpose in Life: Contrasting Theoretical Perspectives of Myers-Briggs and Victor Frankl
Authors: Doerries Lee E. , Ridley Dennis R.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between time sensitivity and purpose in life. Time sensitivity was operationally defined by scores on the Judging–Perceiving dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and by whether subjects reported habitual watch-wearing. Scores indicating the Judging orientation and watch-wearing defined individuals who were most responsive to the dimension of time. Purpose in life was operationally defined by scores on the Crumbaugh and Maholick Purpose in Life Test. A multiple linear regression analysis showed no difference in scores on the Purpose in Life Test between Judgers and Perceivers, apparently supporting the Myers-Briggs perspective that having a specific temperament does not convey any special advantage in added value or meaning to one's life. Watch-wearing best predicted scores on the Purpose in Life Test. The results were discussed in terms of competing theoretical perspectives.
Very Delayed Smoking Relapse Warrants Research Attention
Authors: Brandon Thomas H. , Lazev Amy B. , Juliano Laura M.
Published: August 2011

Recent findings suggest that former smokers remain at risk for relapse well beyond the traditional treatment follow-up period of one year. Although progress has been made in understanding factors involved in smoking cessation and short-term maintenance, very little attention has been paid to research on the process, predictors, and treatment implications of very delayed relapse. Possible research questions are offered to stimulate further investigation in this area.
The Manic Depressiveness Scale: A Preliminary Effort at Replication and Extension
Authors: Thalbourne Michael A. , Bassett Darryl L.
Published: August 2011

In a previous paper, an 18-item scale was presented to measure the extent to which a person had experienced symptoms resembling mania or clinical depression. There was evidence that, within a group of 37 bipolar persons, scores on this Manic Depressiveness Scale correlated significantly positively with number of manic-depression-relevant medications currently being taken by the subject. In the present study, 24 subjects (9 unipolar depressives, 15 bipolars) were administered this scale, and aspects of their clinical history were taken. For the bipolar subjects only, scores on the scale correlated significantly with number of relevant medications ( r = .45, p <.05, one-tailed), with number of hospitalizations ( r = .46, p<.05), and with psychiatrist-rated severity of illness ( r = .45, p<.05). Bipolar patients also scored significantly higher than did unipolar patients on the Manic Experience subscale. The Manic Depressiveness Scale thus appears to have some predictive validity.
Autonomic Regulation during Rest and Mental Load in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Tulen J. H. M. , van de Wetering B. J. M. , Boomsma F.
Published: August 2011

Cardiovascular and catecholaminergic activity during mental load were studied in patients with Tourette syndrome. Patients and controls performed the Color Word Test, preceded by a baseline period, with continuous measurements of heart rate and blood pressure. Blood samples for assay of plasma catecholamine concentrations were obtained before and during the test. The patients showed higher heart rate and blood pressure during baseline than controls, but no differences regarding plasma catecholamines. The tics corresponded with transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Spectral analysis of cardiovascular variability during mental load gave only limited evidence of increased sympathetic activity and no alterations in parasympathetic activity in the patients. Therefore, our findings indicate enhanced cardiovascular activity in the patients but not during mental load. The effects of tics on the cardiovascular parameters illustrate the functional complexity of the autonomic nervous system in Tourette syndrome.
Academic Elite in Anthropology, 1982–1995
Authors: Bair Jeffrey H.
Published: August 2011

The most highly rated doctoral programs in anthropology in 1982 maintained their highly rated positions in 1995. These “elite” groups showed little or no change in hiring faculty from among their own and one another's graduates, which might account in part for the stability of their reputations.
The Suicide Probability Scale: Norms and Factor Structure
Authors: Bagge Courtney , Osman Augustine
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the factor structure of the Suicide Probability Scale with a sample of 390 undergraduates, using confirmatory factor analysis. The original oblique four-factor structure provided a poor fit to the data. Scores on the total scale correlated .63 with scores on a validated self-report measure of mood and .51 and .42 with anxiety symptoms. Additional norms for the total scale are reported.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CXVI. An Oral History of C. Kermit Phelps, an 89-Year-Old African American Clinical Psychologist
Authors: Fried Stephen B. , McCoy Arlene , Hunt Mark D.
Published: August 2011

In a previous article, the authors presented a brief overview of the findings of four audiotaped interviews with C. Kermit Phelps, an 89-year-old African American who earned a Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1952 from the University of Kansas. Dr. Phelps, who spent his professional career at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, also maintained a private clinical practice. The present article provides a comprehensive account of the structured interviews.
African University Students' Responses to Questions on Interracial Marriage
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes of African university students towards interracial marriage. On whether they would choose a black or white person for marriage and whether their parents would approve their marrying a white person, most respondents (first-year undergraduates, 76 women and 63 men) preferred marrying a black person and indicated their parents would oppose their marrying a white person. Such findings were no surprise given the cultural value attached to marriage as well as South African multiracial interrelations marked by differential treatment.
Suicide and Homicide Rates in American States Classified as Introverted and Neurotic
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Social indicators for 43 American states in 1990 were used to form two factors which have been labeled introversion and neuroticism. In states classified as more introverted suicide rates were higher, while those classified as more neurotic had higher suicide and homicide rates.
Misconceptions of Chance: Developmental Differences and Similarities in Use of the Representativeness Heuristic
Authors: Smith H. David
Published: August 2011

Children's use of the representativeness heuristic was studied using a modified version of the misconception of chance task originated by Kahneman and Tversky in 1972. 243 participants from Grades 4, 6, and 8 as well as an adult comparison group judged the likelihood of various displays representing six coin tosses. Analysis suggested that approximately half of the participants in all age groups used representative thinking, i.e., judged the irregular sequence to be most probable. However, younger children provided more nonheuristic but incorrect answers than older children or adults. Findings are discussed in light of previous research on children's use of the representativeness heuristic.
Is Customers' Dependence on Manufacturers Equivalent to Manufacturers' Power?
Authors: Zemanek James E. , McIntyre Roger P.
Published: August 2011

This study was done to replicate and extend prior research efforts as called for in 1996 by Gaski. Specifically, the relationship between customers' dependence on a manufacturer for products sold and customers' perception of the power of that manufacturer was investigated, where customers' dependence is the need to obtain resources from the manufacturers whose products they sell to increase their own performance and manufacturer's power is the manufacturer's ability to control decision-making variables by their customers. Data were collected from 406 intermediary customers in a marketing system. A regression model was used to quantify the relationship between ratings of manufacturers' power and customers' dependence. Contrary to previous findings, analysis indicated a near absence of an effect of customers' dependence on the manufacturer for products to be sold on customers' perception of manufacturer's power.
MMPI–2 and MMPI–A Research with U.S. Latinos: A Bibliography
Authors: Corrales Monica L. , Gomez Francisco , Mendoza Sonia , Cabiya Jose J. , Ayala Guadalupe X. , Velasquez Roberto J.
Published: August 2011

This bibliography presents a comprehensive listing of all research conducted on U.S. Latinos, including Puerto Ricans, with the MMPI–2 and MMPI–A beginning in 1989. A total of 52 studies and 6 additional resources are listed. Researchers and clinicians could use this bibliography for the culturally appropriate application of the MMPI–2/MMPI–A with this growing population.
Protestant Work Ethic as a Moderator of Mental and Physical Well-Being
Authors: Gorgievski-Duijvesteijn Marjan , Steensma Herman , Brake Else Te
Published: August 2011

This study tested hypotheses about effects of the Protestant Work Ethic on mental and physical well-being. The Protestant Work Ethic was expected to enhance mental and physical well-being and buffer response to adverse work conditions. Blue collar workers ( N = 115) filled out questionnaires. As predicted, workers with high scores on a Protestant Work Ethic scale are more satisfied with their jobs than workers with low scores. General health complaints are partly explained by an interaction between Protestant Work Ethic and Job Richness: when jobs lacked Job Richness, employees with a high Protestant Work Ethic report fewer General Health Complaints than employees with a low Protestant Work Ethic. No interaction effect was found of Protestant Work Ethic for the relationship between Physical Working Conditions and well-being.
Characteristics of Perseverative Errors by School-Age Children
Authors: Sato Ryuji , Hosokawa Toru , Tanaka Atsushi , Murai Norio
Published: August 2011

The present study was designed to investigate characteristics by 38 school-age children in Grades 2, 4, and 6 of perseverative errors using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Children's performance was measured as number of categories completed and perseverative errors, which were classified into perseverative errors of types described by Milner in 1963 and Nelson in 1976. Analysis indicated that the number of completed categories increased and perseverative errors decreased across age groups. Perseverative errors (Milner) were very similar in these grades and perseverative errors (Nelson) were significantly different between children in Grades 2 and 4. The results suggested a pattern of development for shifting inhibiting set.
Disease and Depression in Older Medical Patients
Authors: Hodges Elise Pfeifer , Mast Benjamin , Lichtenberg Peter A. , Curyto Kimberly
Published: August 2011

It was hypothesized that those with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus would likely have higher prevalence rates of self-reported depressive symptoms than those diagnosed with nonsystemic diseases in part due to the disability conferred by their diagnosis. Analysis indicated partial support, although, other factors may moderate this relationship.
Black-White Differences in Job Satisfaction: Evidence from 21 Nationwide Surveys
Authors: Weaver Charles N
Published: August 2011

Examination of a number of published studies of black-white differences in job satisfaction suggests their contradictory results are explained, at least in part, by misinterpretation of the representativeness of samples and nonresponse error. Evidence from 21 nationwide opinion surveys from 1972 through 1996 provides strong evidence that in the United States labor force African-Americans ( n = 1231) reported being less satisfied than Euro-Americans ( n = 10,709) with their jobs. This difference existed for both women and men across categories of education, age, and occupation.
A Portuguese Short Form of the Sex-Role Ideology Scale
Authors: Neto Félix
Published: August 2011

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Sex-Role Ideology Scale in Portugal. In the first of 2 samples were 139 undergraduate volunteers. Internal consistency was .75, and a factor analysis gave some support for a unidimensional solution, which is consistent with scoring provided by the authors of the scale. Given the continuing ambiguity about the factor structure of the scale, we developed a unidimensional short form of 14 items. There was a tendency for the women to obtain higher scores for Egalitarianism than the men. 93 women of the second sample provided data for cross-validation of the structure of the short form.
Social Anxiety and Training in Neurolinguistic Programming
Authors: Konefal Janet , Duncan Robert C.
Published: August 2011

The Liebowitz Social Phobia Scale measured the effect of training on social anxiety responses of 28 adults prior to and following a 21-day residential training, and at 6 mo. follow-up. Significant reductions posttraining and at follow-up were evident in the mean self-reported global scale scores on fear and avoidance behavior in social situations. The item scores, aggregated to reflect the situational domains of formal and informal speaking, being observed by others, and assertion, showed significant and continuing reduction from posttraining through follow-up. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this training may be associated with reduced responses to social anxiety, but as there was no formal control group, pretest scores from another study were used. Interpretation is limited.
Clinical Assessment of Adventitious Movements
Authors: Brasić James Robert , Barnett Jacqueline Y. , Sheitman Brian Bruce , Lafargue R. Todd , Ahn Seok Cheol
Published: August 2011

Many procedures with variable validity and reliability have been developed in research settings to evaluate adventitious movements and related phenomena in specific populations, e.g., people with schizophrenia treated with dopamine antagonists, but these only provide global assessments or rate specific movements. A battery for rating individuals with possible movement disorders in a comprehensive way in clinical settings is needed so a protocol to assess briefly and thoroughly potential movement disorders was videotaped for five prepubertal boys with autistic disorder and severe mental retardation in a clinical trial. Utilizing a Movement Assessment Battery, four raters independently scored videotapes of 10–16 movement assessments of each of the five subjects. Experienced raters attained agreement of 59% to 100% on ratings of tardive dyskinesia and 48% to 100% on tics Hindrances to reliability included poor quality of some tapes, high activity of subjects, and fatigue of raters.
Measuring Life Events in a Sample of South African Students: Comparison of the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences
Authors: Pretorius T. Brian
Published: August 2011

This study compared the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences for a sample of 213 students. Scores on the Life Experiences Survey–Negative discriminated between rural and urban students and between African language speakers and Afrikaans/English speakers. A small but significant correlation between Life Experiences Survey–Negative and scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale was found, while there was no correlation between scores on the Schedule of Recent Experiences with depression. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative was the only significant predictor of Depression scores. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative interacted significantly with all the measures of social support (Friends, Family, Satisfaction, and Number of Supports) in predicting depression, while the Schedule of Recent Experiences only interacted significantly with support from Family and Number of Supports. The study also provides support for clearly distinguishing between desirable and undesirable events, since positive events moderated the correlation of negative events with depression. The Life Experiences Survey is a more promising measure of life events than the Schedule of Recent Experiences in the South African context.
Psychological Symptoms of Art Students Seeking Psychotherapy
Authors: Behen Joseph M. , Anable Julia
Published: August 2011

Descriptive data concerning type and severity of psychological symptoms of 162 art students seeking psychotherapy at an art school counseling service were obtained. These undergraduate and graduate students who presented for consecutive intakes over one year completed the Symptom Checklist-90–R. Women reported more severe symptomatology than men. Eighty-six and four-tenths percent of this sample met the criteria for probable psychological disorder. The data demonstrate the importance for mental health professionals who work with developing artists to provide skilled evaluation and treatment for a wide range of psychological disorders, to engage in crisis intervention and consultation and to develop a strong referral network for management of medication, long-term treatment, and hospitalization when necessary.
The Schreber Case: A Reinterpretation from an Adult-Developmental Perspective
Authors: Atlas Gordon D.
Published: August 2011

Previous interpretations of the Schreber case have tended to focus on childhood factors which led to Schreber's delusional breakdowns, while ignoring the role of adult-developmental issues. In the current paper, a multicausal view is taken, considering childhood factors (e.g., being raised by an authoritarian father), psychosocial experiences (e.g., the failure to have children and the accompanying stress), and adult developmental issues (e.g., the psychological and moral challenges involved in assuming the position of judge in a high court) that, along with a biological predisposition—played a role in Schreber's mental illness. Within the context of this larger view of Schreber's life, it is then possible to understand better Schreber's own view—that being changed into a woman for God to create a new breed of men—was a solution to his psychological situation. This solution, however, is highly symbolic, concrete, and does not represent development but, rather, avoidance and a kind of regression. It is argued that the introduction of adult-developmental issues in this case allows for a more complete understanding of the case. The current account also represents an attempt to provide understanding while remaining true to the phenomenological experience of Schreber.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Computer Hassles Scale
Authors: Hudiburg Richard A.
Published: August 2011

The objective of this research was to determine the latent structure of the Computer Hassles Scale using confirmatory factor analysis. This study employed a normative database of 1199 student computer users. Both a priori and a posteriori latent structure models were tested using LISREL. The analyses did not support a latent structure of the scale based on the scale's original two-factor definition. Using various goodness-of-fit indices, a four-factor model was the best fit.
Note on Tekman's Study of Preference Judgments for Excerpts of Music
Authors: LeBlanc Albert
Published: August 2011

Tekman's study is a useful exploration and benefits from his consideration of published research on music; however, his interpretation of music tempo research by LeBlanc and associates cannot be supported. It would be worthwhile for Tekman to conduct a follow-up study with a larger number of participants and music excerpts from other styles of music in addition to art music (“classical” music).
Structure of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory Personality Disorder Scales from the Five-Factor Model Perspective
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Sharpe J. Patrick
Published: August 2011

Coolidge, et al. in 1994 tested the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model of personality as applied to personality disorders by performing a canonical correlation analysis for the scales from the Coolidge Axis II Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory testing 178 undergraduates (106 men and 72 women). Their results did not support the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model for interpreting the structure of personality disorders. A major problem with this study was that the data did not show good simple structure and meaningfulness because no rotation was performed for the canonical variates. The present study tested the hypothesis that the results of Coolidge, et al. might be attributed to the failure to rotate canonical variates to obtain good simple structure. For 220 students in introductory psychology (104 men and 116 women), canonical correlation analysis with varimax rotation was performed for scores on the Coolidge Axis II Inventory scales and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory scales. The analysis indicated five canonical variate pairs which were interpreted as Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Disagreeableness, and Conscientiousness, supporting the tested hypothesis as well as the generality and comprehensiveness of this model for describing the structure of personality disorders.
Effect of Ease-of-Acquisition on Naming Latency for Japanese Kanji: A Reanalysis of Yamazaki, et al.'s (1997) Data
Authors: Yamada Jun , Takashima Hiroomi , Yamazaki Makiko
Published: August 2011

Yamazaki, Ellis, Morrison, and Lambon Ralph in 1997 found two age-of-acquisition measures exerted greater independent effects on the naming latency of kanji than well-established variables such as word frequency. The current study is a sequel to that study but has reached a different conclusion. To find a better predictor than the two age-of-acquisition measures, Yamazaki, et al.'s data were reanalyzed with the new variable, ease-of-acquisition. The main finding was that the correlation between ease-of-acquisition at age 13 and naming latency was high .67 ( df = 145, p< .001). The status of ease-of-acquisition and its possible role in psycholinguistic research are briefly discussed.
Are Perceived Professional Qualities Affected by Knowledge of a Counselor's Sexual Orientation?
Authors: Kurdelak Linda M. , Linton Jeremy M. , Daugherty Timothy K.
Published: August 2011

The experimentally manipulated sexual orientation of a female counselor was not related to the perceptions of her Expertness, Attractiveness, or Trustworthiness rated by 8 male and 22 female, heterosexual college students.
Lifetime Exposure to Traumatic Events among a Sample of City Bus Drivers
Authors: Brunet Alain , Boyer Richard , Brillon Pascale , Ehrensaft Esther , Stephenson Randolph
Published: August 2011

Lifetime exposure to traumatic events was assessed retrospectively among a representative sample of city bus drivers (228 men and 54 women) from Montreal, Canada. Among them, 68.1% reported at least one exposure to a traumatic event of any type. Among the 68% exposed, 70.4% reported multiple traumatic exposures ( M = 2.6, SD = 1.67), with ratings ranging from 0 to 12. This report underlines the fact that the prevalence of traumatic events is not yet well known. Epidemiological research should devote more effort to assess fully the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and not only cases of PTSD.
Depression and Attribution in Abused Children and Their Nonoffending Caregivers
Authors: Kress Fiona , Vandenberg Brian
Published: August 2011

This study examined depression and attribution in 17 abused children and their nonoffending caregivers. Analysis indicated that negative attributions were significantly related to higher scores on depression of both children and caregivers, that depression scores of caregivers were unrelated to depression of their abused children, but that caregivers, nevertheless, assessed their children's self-reported depression as similar to their own self-reported depression.
Fear as a Correlate of Authoritarianism
Authors: Eigenberger Martin E.
Published: August 2011

A preliminary study investigating the relationship between authoritarianism and self-reported fear was conducted Significant correlations were found between scores on the Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale and the Fear Perception Index. Theoretical explanations for the relationship were explored using assumptions drawn from evolutionary psychology.
Word-Association Patterns of Mental Hospital Patients
Authors: Klionsky Elaine J. , Okawa Judy B. , Holmstrom Robert W. , Silber David E. , Karp Stephen A.
Published: August 2011

The present study concerned an attempt to corroborate the classic findings of Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer in distinguishing mental hospital patients from control subjects, using a new objectively scored word-association test. 12 computer-scored objective scales were used to compare groups of 101 mental hospital inpatients ( n = 75, including 37 on a prison ward) and outpatients ( n = 26) and 101 control subjects matched with the patients for sex, age, racial and ethnic status, and education. A stepwise multiple discrimination analysis of the scores on the 12 scales of the test significantly distinguished the groups. Scales weighted most highly were Masochism, Antonyms, and Aggression. Subsequent t tests suggested that control subjects scored higher on Aggression, Self-reference, and Masochism scales, whereas patients scored higher on Rejections (nonresponses to stimulus words). Of these, only Self-reference and Rejections were items identified by Rapaport, et al.
Replication of Optimism and Pessimism of Distance-Learning and On-Campus Students
Authors: Mills Brett D.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to replicate a prior study showing distance-learning students scored predominately more optimistic and less pessimistic than on-campus students using the Optimism and Pessimism scale with 197 distance learning and 200 on-campus graduate students. t tests for independent samples indicated the expected significant differences.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Lexical Decision-Making
Authors: Hale Christina R. , Gentry Mark V. , Meliska Charles J.
Published: August 2011

10 habitual smokers, aged 19–25 yr., were randomly assigned to smoke either a very low nicotine “Placebo” cigarette (.05-mg nicotine delivery as estimated by the FTC method) or a Nicotine cigarette (.7-mg estimated nicotine delivery). Each participant was asked to abstain from smoking for 4 to 7 hr. prior to testing. After completing a presmoking test of lexical decision-making, participants smoked either a Nicotine or Placebo cigarette and were then retested for reaction times and accuracy on the lexical decision test. When presented the most difficult lexical decisions, participants responded significantly faster after smoking a Nicotine cigarette than they did before smoking; smoking a Placebo cigarette did not affect reaction times. Response accuracy was unaffected by smoking either kind of cigarette. These results suggest that smoking a nicotine cigarette may improve attention or memory retrieval after several hours of smoking abstinence.
Individual Differences in Text Comprehension as a Function of Test Anxiety and Prior Knowledge
Authors: Minnaert Alexander E.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between reading comprehension and comprehension monitoring with undergraduates (223 women, 69 men). Further, the effect of test anxiety and of prior knowledge on reading comprehension and on comprehension monitoring was examined in groups of students of equal intellectual ability. Students with high scores on reading comprehension performed better on a comprehension monitoring task as well. Individual differences in reading comprehension with a multiple-choice response format emerged as a function of the interaction between test anxiety and prior knowledge. Students with low prior knowledge and high test anxiety performed worst of all. We found a far less detrimental effect of test anxiety and prior knowledge on monitoring comprehension than on reading comprehension.
Program for Recording and Analyzing Behavior (PRAB)
Authors: Errasti Jose M. , Rifá Héctor , Quera Vlcenç
Published: August 2011

A computer program for recording behavioral data that requires temporal continuity in one or two subjects is presented It runs on compatible PC and provides several behavioral measures for the recorded behaviors such as frequencies, percentages, durations, and sequences. The program can also save data files in both ASCII and SDIS formats for more complex analysis through the SPSS or GSEQ statistical programs.
The Holden Psychological Screening Inventory and Sexual Efficacy in Urological Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Holden Ronald R.
Published: August 2011

This paper examined the relationship between psychological adjustment and sexual ability in a sample of 33 men with erectile dysfunction and their spouses. Indices of sexual efficacy converged and were negatively associated with self-reported depression. Data are interpreted as confirming the association between erectile dysfunction and psychological disturbance and as providing evidence of validity for the Holden Psychological Screening Inventory Depression Scale and the Sexual Self-efficacy Scale.
Measuring Medical Students' Reluctance to Prescribe Opioids for Cancer Pain
Authors: Merrill Joseph M. , Hill C. Stratton , Laux Lila M. , Lorimor Ronald I. , Thornby Jack I. , Thorpe Deborah , Weinstein Sharon M.
Published: August 2011

Among 644 senior medical students a 14-item scale which was internally consistent indicated no change over the 6 years of testing in intent to reserve opioids for terminally ill.
Temperament and Loving-Styles in College Women: Associations with Eating Attitudes
Authors: Worobey John
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of temperament and love attitudes with eating behaviors in 190 college-aged nonclinical women who completed a survey that included measures of temperament, loving-style, and eating attitudes. Certain temperament and loving-style variables showed significant statistical association with scores on eating attitudes. Specifically, both obsessive and game-playing love-styles were related to the Dieting and Bulimia–Food Preoccupation dimensions of the eating scales, while temperamental fear and anger were related to bulimia and oral control. The role of interpersonal relationships and self-perceptions of temperament may provide a useful perspective for understanding the etiology of eating disorders.
Student Teachers' Beliefs Related to Literacy Instruction for Nonnative English Speakers
Authors: Knudson Ruth E.
Published: August 2011

Responses from 106 student teachers and interns were analyzed to assess their theoretical orientations toward teaching language. Those in the bilingual intern program had a clear functional orientation. No changes were found for individual teachers from the beginning to the end of the year.
Beliefs about Responsibility and Improvement Associated with Liberal-Conservative Justice Beliefs
Authors: Miller Lisa , Seligman Martin E. P.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the association between belief in the possibility of human improvement, beliefs about responsibility, and liberal-conservative beliefs about justice. 510 predominantly middle-class subjects were administered the Attributions of Responsibility Questionnaire and asked to respond to a series of policy-related issues concerning either distributive justice or retributive justice. Analyses indicated that liberal-conservative beliefs about justice were associated with beliefs about the possibility of human improvement and beliefs about responsibility. Findings may be interpreted to suggest that self-identified liberals and conservatives may hold differing pragmatic views about the anticipated effectiveness of reform, rehabilitation, and re-allocation of resources.
Cultural and Sex Differences in Rating the Self and an Hypothetical Well-Adjusted Person on Jack's Divided Self and Care as Self-Sacrifice Subscales
Authors: Koutrelakos J. , Baranchik A. J. , Damato N.
Published: August 2011

Ratings of the self and of an hypothetical well-adjusted man and woman on the Divided Self and Care as Self-sacrifice subscales of the Silencing the Self Scale were obtained for samples of men and women in the USA and Greece. Factor analysis confirmed the items' assignment to subscales for each of the three sets of ratings. Generally, Greeks scored higher than Americans on both subscales. While men usually scored higher than women on the Care subscale in both countries, they only did so in Greece for the Divided Self. Women had greater discrepancies than men between their self and well-adjusted same-sex rating on both subscales in each country, with this sex difference being greater in Greece than the USA and greater on the Care subscale in both countries.
Order and Chaos in Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions
Authors: Ovid'Ko I. A.
Published: August 2011

In the context of the concept of determinate chaos, introduced in psychology in the nineties, a modified stimulus-response formula is suggested which deals with the probabilistic predictions of responses of animate systems (brainless animate systems, animals, human persons) on stimuli. The suggested formula is used here in elaboration of a model describing the relationship among thoughts, feelings, and actions. In the framework of the model, a Darwin-like selection of behavioral and mental responses on stimuli is realized which is influenced by feelings. Transformations of human persons into mentally unhealthy states are discussed with the help of representations of the elaborated model. The model invites empirical test.
Addendum to Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership
Authors: Kidd Aline H. , Kidd Robert M.
Published: August 2011

Because several recent studies suggested that adults who fed only wild birds would report having different problems and benefits than did pet bird owners who also fed wild birds, and pet bird only owners, the present study added data to clarify such differences. 150 adults were selected so that 50 persons (25 men and 25 women) each were classified into one of three groups: those who only owned pet birds, those who owned pet birds and also fed wild birds, and those who only fed wild birds. There were no significant differences between men and women in any of the three groups, and no significant differences in their responses. The 50 people who fed wild birds only reported having added problems with neighbors' cats, bees, ants, squirrels, blue jays, and other oppressive larger birds, but the 50 pet bird owners who also fed wild birds and the owners of pet birds only reported the same problems with minor differences in type and number of interlopers. Clearly, all bird lovers shared similar characteristics, feelings, and behaviors toward birds and acknowledged the minor differences in attitudes toward the benefits and problems created by the birds' various interactions and behaviors with humans.