bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for verification of delineated channel networks
Authors: Liu Zhe , Khan Urooj , Sharma Ashish
Published: February 2014

Several methods are used to delineate channel networks. The most widely used are the contributing area method, area‐slope method, and grid network ordering method. The number of delineated channels depends on the threshold adopted when using each method. However, the appropriate threshold value required to delineate channel networks, and their corresponding accuracies, are still uncertain. The consistency between the delineated channels and actual channels can be evaluated by carrying out extensive field surveys, but these require significant time and cost. Accurate knowledge of delineated channel networks is vital, and is achievable more efficiently and simply. A new method of calculating the accuracy of delineated channel networks is introduced in this study. Channel cross‐section profiles throughout the channel network were examined and three new incision indices were derived: an incised channel index, a partially incised channel index, and a nonincised channel index. The indices were found useful for setting appropriate threshold values for actual channel networks. Three small catchments in Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were investigated in this study.
Effects of Problem Solving after Worked Example Study on Primary School Children's Monitoring Accuracy
Authors: Baars Martine , van Gog Tamara , de Bruin Anique , Paas Fred
Published: February 2014

Research on expository text has shown that the accuracy of students' judgments of learning (JOLs) can be improved by instructional interventions that allow students to test their knowledge of the text. The present study extends this research, investigating whether allowing students to test the knowledge they acquired from studying a worked example by means of solving an identical problem, either immediately or delayed, would enhance JOL accuracy. Fifth grade children (i) gave an immediate JOL, (ii) a delayed JOL, (iii) solved a problem immediately and then gave a JOL, (iv) solved a problem immediately and gave a delayed JOL, or (v) solved a problem at a delay and then gave a JOL. Results show that problem solving after example study improved children's JOL accuracy (i.e., overestimation decreased). However, no differences in the accuracy of restudy indications were found. Results are discussed in relation to cue utilization when making JOLs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain‐Based In Situ Study of Anion and Cation Insertion into Porous Carbon Electrodes with Different Pore Sizes
Authors: Black Jennifer M. , Feng Guang , Fulvio Pasquale F. , Hillesheim Patrick C. , Dai Sheng , Gogotsi Yury , Cummings Peter T. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Balke Nina
Published: February 2014

The expansion of porous carbon electrodes in a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) is studied using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of carbon surface area and pore size/pore size distribution on the observed strain profile and ion kinetics is examined. Additionally, the influence of the potential scan rate on the strain response is investigated. By analyzing the strain data at various potential scan rates, information on ion kinetics in the different carbon materials is obtained. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to compare with and provide molecular insights into the experimental results; this is the first MD work investigating the pressure exerted on porous electrodes under applied potential in a RTIL electrolyte. Using MD, the pressure exerted on the pore wall is calculated as a function of potential/charge for both a micropore (1.2 nm) and a mesopore (7.0 nm). The shape of the calculated pressure profile matches closely with the strain profiles observed experimentally.
Learning surrogate models for simulation‐based optimization
Authors: Cozad Alison , Sahinidis Nikolaos V. , Miller David C.
Published: February 2014

A central problem in modeling, namely that of learning an algebraic model from data obtained from simulations or experiments is addressed. A methodology that uses a small number of simulations or experiments to learn models that are as accurate and as simple as possible is proposed. The approach begins by building a low‐complexity surrogate model. The model is built using a best subset technique that leverages an integer programming formulation to allow for the efficient consideration of a large number of possible functional components in the model. The model is then improved systematically through the use of derivative‐free optimization solvers to adaptively sample new simulation or experimental points. Automated learning of algebraic models for optimization (ALAMO), the computational implementation of the proposed methodology, along with examples and extensive computational comparisons between ALAMO and a variety of machine learning techniques, including Latin hypercube sampling, simple least‐squares regression, and the lasso is described. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 60: 2211–2227, 2014
Tieftemperatur‐CO‐Oxidation mit Au3+‐Ionen auf TiO2
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Großmann Dennis , Noei Heshmat , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Sinev Ilya , De Toni Andrea , Wang Yuemin , Muhler Martin
Published: February 2014

Au/TiO2‐Katalysatoren, die durch das “Deposition‐Precipitation”‐Verfahren hergestellt und ohne Kalzinierung eingesetzt wurden, erreichten in der CO‐Oxidation hohe, weitgehend temperaturunabhängige Umsätze. Dagegen erschien nach thermischen Vorbehandlungen, z. B. in He bei 623 K, die Umsatz‐Temperatur‐Charakteristik in der bekannten S‐Form, mit Aktivierungsenergien nahe 30 kJ mol−1. Charakterisierung der Proben durch XAFS und HAADF‐STEM sowie eine Tieftemperatur‐IR‐Studie von Adsorption und Oxidation des CO zeigten, dass letzteres am frisch präparierten (gefriergetrockneten) Katalysator, der Gold ausschließlich als Au3+ enthielt, bereits bei 90 K durch Gasphasensauerstoff oxidiert wurde. Nach Aktivierung im Reaktantenstrom geht der CO‐Umsatz bei niedrigen Reaktionstemperaturen auf Zentren zurück, die AuIII enthalten, bei höheren Temperaturen wird er von Au0 getragen. Nach thermischen Behandlungen wird CO im ganzen Temperaturbereich an Zentren umgesetzt, die ausschließlich metallisches Gold enthalten.
Direkte Hydroborierung von BB‐Bindungen: eine milde Methode zum Aufbau von BB‐Bindungen
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Hörl Christian , Phukan Ashwini K. , Pinzner Florian , Ullrich Stefan
Published: February 2014

Der präparative Zugang zu elektronenpräzisen Borketten wird durch die bevorzugte Bildung nichtklassischer Strukturen erschwert. Die wenigen bekannten Wege zu solchen Ketten führen über starke Reduktionsmittel oder Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren und haben unterschiedliche Nachteile. Hier berichten wir über die Synthese neuer Furyl‐ und Thienyl‐substituierter Diborene und deren direkte Hydroborierung mit Catecholboran unter Bildung einer B3‐Kette mit einer neuen elektronenpräzisen BB‐Bindung. Die Reaktion ist diastereoselektiv und verläuft unter milden Bedingungen ohne den Einsatz der für die BB‐Kupplung sonst üblichen starken Reduktionsmittel oder Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren.
Low‐Temperature Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide with Gold(III) Ions Supported on Titanium Oxide
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Großmann Dennis , Noei Heshmat , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Sinev Ilya , De Toni Andrea , Wang Yuemin , Muhler Martin
Published: February 2014

Au/TiO2 catalysts prepared by a deposition–precipitation process and used for CO oxidation without previous calcination exhibited high, largely temperature‐independent conversions at low temperatures, with apparent activation energies of about zero. Thermal treatments, such as He at 623 K, changed the conversion–temperature characteristics to the well‐known S‐shape, with activation energies slightly below 30 kJ mol−1. Sample characterization by XAFS and electron microscopy and a low‐temperature IR study of CO adsorption and oxidation showed that CO can be oxidized by gas‐phase O2 at 90 K already over the freeze‐dried catalyst in the initial state that contained Au exclusively in the +3 oxidation state. CO conversion after activation in the feed at 303 K is due to AuIII‐containing sites at low temperatures, while Au0 dominates conversion at higher temperatures. After thermal treatments, CO conversion in the whole investigated temperature range results from sites containing exclusively Au0.
Preparation of betaine‐modified cationic cellulose and its application in the treatment of reactive dye wastewater
Authors: Ma Wei , Yan Shumin , Meng Mei , Zhang Shufen
Published: February 2014

Betaine‐modified cationic cellulose was prepared through the reaction of cellulose with betaine hydrochloride by an efficient one‐step dry method. Dicyandiamide was used as a dehydrating agent to promote the formation of ester bonds between the reactants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the cellulose betainate. Experiments showed that at a molar ratio of the cellulose glucose unit, betaine hydrochloride to dicyandiamide, of 1:1:0.5 at 150°C for 3 h, the degree of substitution of the cationic group reached 0.80. The adsorption of simulated C. I. Reactive Red 24 and C. I. Reactive Red 195 wastewater on the cationic cellulose was carried out, and the effects of the adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and salt concentration on the dye removal efficiency were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm data of the cationic cellulose exhibited a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich one. The experimental results suggest that the prepared cationic cellulose materials show potential application for reactive dye wastewater treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40522.
UTILIZATION OF VIDEO MODELING COMBINED WITH SELF‐MONITORING TO INCREASE RATES OF ON‐TASK BEHAVIOR
Authors: King Brian , Radley Keith C. , Jenson William R. , Clark Elaine , O'Neill Robert E.
Published: February 2014

The study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention package consisting of self‐monitoring and video modeling to increase on‐task behavior during independent seatwork time in math. Four students in either the second or third grade, identified as displaying high rates of off‐task behavior by their classroom teacher, were included in the study. Results showed immediate, large, and durable changes in on‐task behavior for each of the four participants. At baseline, on‐task behavior of the participants while working on independent math assignments was displayed in 47% of the intervals observed. During the intervention, the participants' average rate of on‐task behavior increased to 85% of the intervals observed. Mean Busk and Serlin (1994) effect size for all four participants was 5.60, with a percentage of non‐overlapping data points effect size of 100%. Observations of the participants 3 weeks following the termination of the study showed that the gains in on‐task behavior were maintained. Both teacher and participant feedbacks concerning the use and effectiveness of the intervention package were positive. Results of the investigation suggest that the intervention package may be an effective and socially valid method for addressing off‐task behaviors of students within the classroom. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into the Bioactivity of Mensacarcin and Epoxide Formation by MsnO8
Authors: Maier Sarah , Pflüger Tobias , Loesgen Sandra , Asmus Katharina , Brötz Elke , Paululat Thomas , Zeeck Axel , Andrade Susana , Bechthold Andreas
Published: February 2014

Mensacarcin, a potential antitumour drug, is produced by Streptomyces bottropensis. The structure consists of a three‐membered ring system with many oxygen atoms. Of vital importance in this context is an epoxy moiety in the side chain of mensacarcin. Our studies with different mensacarcin derivatives have demonstrated that this epoxy group is primarily responsible for the cytotoxic effect of mensacarcin. In order to obtain further information about this epoxy moiety, inactivation experiments in the gene cluster were carried out to identify the epoxy‐forming enzyme. Therefore the cosmid cos2, which covers almost the complete type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster, was heterologously expressed in Streptomyces albus. This led to production of didesmethylmensacarcin, due to the fact that methyltransferase genes are missing in the cosmid. Further gene inactivation experiments on this cosmid showed that MsnO8, a luciferase‐like monooxygenase, introduces the epoxy group at the end of the biosynthesis of mensacarcin. In addition, the protein MsnO8 was purified, and its crystal structure was determined to a resolution of 1.80 Å.
New Aminocoumarins from the Rare ActinomyceteCatenulispora acidiphilaDSM 44928: Identification, Structure Elucidation, and Heterologous Production
Authors: Zettler Judith , Xia Haiyang , Burkard Nadja , Kulik Andreas , Grond Stephanie , Heide Lutz , Apel Alexander K.
Published: February 2014

Genome mining led to the discovery of a novel aminocoumarin gene cluster in the rare actinomyceteCatenulispora acidiphilaDSM 44928. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of genes putatively involved in export/resistance, regulation, and biosynthesis of the aminocoumarin moiety and its halogenation, as well as several genes with so far unknown function. Two new aminocoumarins, cacibiocin A and B, were identified in the culture broth ofC. acidiphila. Heterologous expression of the putative gene cluster inStreptomyces coelicolorM1152 confirmed that this cluster is responsible for cacibiocin biosynthesis. Furthermore, total production levels of cacibiocins could be increased by heterologous expression and screening of different culture media from an initial yield of 4.9 mg L−1inC. acidiphilato 60 mg L−1inS. coelicolorM1152. By HR‐MS and NMR analysis, cacibiocin A was found to contain a 3‐amino‐4,7‐dihydroxycoumarin moiety linked by an amide bond to a pyrrole‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid. The latter structural motif has not been identified previously in any natural compound. Additionally, cacibiocin B contains two chlorine atoms at positions 6′ and 8′ of the aminocoumarin moiety.
Transvenous valve‐in‐valve replacement preserving the function of a transvalvular defibrillator lead
Authors: De Meester Pieter , Budts Werner , Gewillig Marc
Published: February 2014

Although feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous tricuspid valve‐in‐valve implantation have been established, a transtricuspid pacing or defibrillator lead might preclude this technique: lead damage can cause lead dysfunction resulting in inappropriate or inefficient pacing or shocks. In these cases, lead removal is thought to be the only option. We describe a patient who presented with rapid clinical deterioration due to tricuspid valve stenosis early after implantation of an internal defibrillator with a transvalvular shock‐lead. A transvenous valve‐in‐valve implantation of the tricuspid valve was performed after protecting the defibrillator‐lead with a custom‐made covered stent. We describe the technical issues, the clinical outcome, and the evolution of lead function after implantation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extended follow‐up following “full‐metal jacket” percutaneous coronary interventions with drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Naganuma Toru , Latib Azeem , Hasegawa Tasuku , Sharp Andrew , Rezq Ahmed , Sticchi Alessandro , Figini Filipo , Amato Antonio , Colombo Antonio
Published: February 2014

Objectives

To report very long‐term follow‐up of “Full‐Metal Jacket” (FMJ) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in long‐diffuse coronary lesions with drug‐eluting stents (DES).

Background

PCI for long‐diffuse lesions may result in FMJ, which is not preferred by some operators due to long‐term risk of restenosis and stent thrombosis. The data on long‐term follow‐up of patients with FMJ are limited and would be useful in understanding the safety and feasibility of such a strategy.

Methods

Between April 2002 and March 2007, 274 patients (297 lesions in native coronary arteries) underwent PCI utilizing DES. FMJ was described as lesions requiring ≥ 60 mm of continuous stent. The measured endpoints were cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target‐vessel revascularization (TVR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel MI, and TVR.

Results

The mean age of patients was 62.1 ± 11 years. The mean length of total stents used was 75.1 ± 16.4 mm (60–150). During the median follow‐up of 74.7 months (interquartile range: 58–96), the rates of cardiac death, MI, TLR, and TVR were: 5.8% (n = 16), 6.2% (n = 17), 27.3% (n = 81), and 30% (n = 89), respectively. The MACE rate was 34%. Definite and probable stent thrombosis occurred in 10 patients (3.6%).

Conclusion

The long‐term follow‐up of patients with FMJ is acceptable especially in regards to hard endpoints (death and MI) given the complexity of lesions treated. The high MACE rate was driven mainly by TVR. The availability of newer‐generation DES and bioabsorbable scaffolds may improve these results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical Co‐Deposition of Phosphonate‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes and Tantalum on Nitinol
Authors: Maho Anthony , Detriche Simon , Fonder Grégory , Delhalle Joseph , Mekhalif Zineb
Published: February 2014

Nitinol substrates are coated with thin surface films made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and tantalum (Ta), with the aim of fostering their osseointegration aptitudes. Exceptional mechanical and chemical characteristics of CNTs combined with the resistance to corrosion and strong bioactive properties of tantalum allow for the generation of adherent, protective and functional layers on metallic biomaterial platforms. The composite coatings are elaborated on Nitinol through a two‐step electrochemical protocol; firstly, through the electrophoretic deposition of phosphonate‐modified CNTs and, secondly, with electrodeposition of Ta. As a preliminary step, phosphonate groups, acting, in addition, as specific Ta‐capture entities, are introduced on the CNT sidewalls by means of diazonium derivatives, which imply no hard oxidative treatment. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as scanning and transmission electronic microscopies are used to analyse the chemical composition, structure and morphology of the different layers.
Anhydrous Lanthanide MOFs and Direct Photoluminescent Sensing for Polyoxometalates in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bo Qi‐Bing , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Wang Hong‐Yan , Miao Jin‐Ling , Zhang Zhen‐Wei
Published: February 2014

New anhydrous lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [Pr(tip)1.5]2n (tip‐Pr), [Nd(tip)1.5]2n (tip‐Nd), [Eu(tip)1.5]2n (tip‐Eu), and [Eu(OH)(mip)]n (mip‐Eu) (tip=5‐tert‐butylisophthalate anion, mip=5‐methylisophthalate ion), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques. MOFs tip‐Pr, tip‐Nd, and tip‐Eu are isostructural anhydrous compounds, and exhibit an unprecedented 3D microporous structure with hexagonal channel arrays. The selectively prepared MOF mip‐Eu presents an interpenetrated 3D microporous architecture containing the hydroxyl cluster chains. Solid‐state photoluminescence properties at room temperature indicate that both tip‐Eu and mip‐Eu display the characteristic of the Eu3+ ion spectrum dominated by the 5D0→7FJ (J=0‐4) transition. Compared with mip‐Eu, tip‐Eu displays the very high solid‐state quantum yield (0.62±0.03) and longer lifetime value (0.94±0.01 ms), which is due to the absence of the hydroxyl groups from the solid‐state structure of tip‐Eu. More importantly, a new method to directly investigate the potential of solid‐state lanthanide MOFs for ionic sensing in aqueous solutions has been developed, and successfully applied it to study the potential sensing function of tip‐Eu for polyoxometalates (POMs). The possible mechanism for the quenching effect of POMs on the fluorescence of tip‐Eu is elucidated by the strongly competitive absorption of the excited light source energy between POMs and tip ligands. The very promise for the highly sensitive sensing for polyoxometalates, together with the characteristic of the reversible fluorescence response, suggest that solid‐state tip‐Eu can be an excellent candidate for the directly photoluminescent detection of POMs in aqueous solutions.
Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two leuprolide acetate 45 mg 6‐month depot formulations in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Mostafa Nael M. , Chwalisz Kristof , Larsen Lois , Mattia‐Goldberg Cynthia , Spitz Aaron , Pradhan Rajendra S.
Published: February 2014

The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of two leuprolide acetate (LA) 45 mg 6‐month depot formulations were characterized in prostate cancer patients. Subjects (planned N = 150 in each cohort) received two intramuscular injections of LA Formulation‐A or Formulation‐B administered 24 weeks apart. Samples were collected for the measurement of testosterone, LH (all subjects) and leuprolide (in a subset of subjects approximately N = 24 in each cohort) at the same time points. Leuprolide PK profile showed an initial peak followed by a rapid decline over the first week post‐dose, with mean leuprolide concentrations staying relatively constant through the end of 24‐week period. Mean testosterone and LH serum concentrations showed initial increases above baseline values after the first dose and then decreased to 16.0 ng/dL and 0.6 mIU/mL by Week 4 for Formulation‐A and were maintained at ≤14.3 ng/dL and 0.4 mIU/mL, thereafter, with negligible mean increases after the second dose. Formulation‐A showed a lower initial peak and higher leuprolide concentration during the sustained release phase which may explain higher testosterone suppression rates for Formulation‐A compared to Formulation‐B. Differences in PK between LA depot formulations were reflected in pharmacodynamic responses, with a higher rate of testosterone suppression and less escapes and acute‐on‐chronic responses for Formulation‐A.
A Phase I cardiac safety and pharmacokinetic study of tivozanib hydrochloride in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Moore Kathleen , Infante Jeffrey R. , Cotreau Monette M. , Wilson Lindsey , Strahs Andrew L. , Vargo Dennis L. , Chadha Manpreet
Published: February 2014

Tivozanib hydrochloride (tivozanib) is a potent, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, with a long half‐life. Tivozanib's effects on the QTc interval in patients with advanced solid tumors were assessed. Patients received 1.5 mg of tivozanib orally, once daily, for 21 days. Safety evaluations, serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic measurements, and time‐matched, triplicate, 12‐lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were collected. Fifty patients were evaluable. The maximum change in QTcF was 9.3 milliseconds (90% confidence interval [CI] 5–13.6), occurring 2.5 hours after dosing on Day 21. The central tendency change across all time points was +2.2 milliseconds. The slope of the exposure–ΔQTcF relationship was 0.08464 ms/ng/mL, with a predicted QTcF change of 8.27 milliseconds at the average tivozanib Tmax of 118.1 ng/mL (upper CI 12.6 milliseconds). There were no QTcF values >500 milliseconds or significant changes from baseline observed in heart rate, PR interval, and QRS complex. These data, evaluated along with other tivozanib preclinical and clinical study results, suggest that administration of 1.5 mg tivozanib for 21 days has a minimal effect on cardiac repolarization or ECG morphology in oncology subjects.
Reliability of high‐resolution electron backscatter diffraction determination of strain and rotation variations using phase‐only and cross correlation
Authors: Riedl T. , Wendrock H.
Published: February 2014

This contribution analyzes the reliability of strain and rotation variation determination using cross‐ as well as phase‐only correlation of experimental wide‐angle electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. For both rotation and three‐point bending the resulting displacement gradient tensor components are examined in terms of magnitude and statistical scatter as a function of various correlation procedure parameters and signal‐to‐noise ratio. It is shown that on the one hand the Fourier filter width has a major impact on the strain results. At higher noise level a smaller filter width has to be applied for obtaining maximum precision. On the other hand, the influence of the degree of overlap of the regions of interest positioned in the patterns is less important. For both rotation and bending experiments the cross‐correlation variant yields a smaller standard deviation with respect to phase‐only correlation, in particular for elevated noise level. The difference is attributed to the stronger propagation of noise effects in the course of phase‐only correlation function calculation and fitting. In the rotation experiment a standard deviation of ∼1.0 × 10−4, averaged over the displacement gradient tensor components, and a rotational precision of ∼1.5 × 10−4 rad have been achieved by using optimized evaluation settings.
Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 sensor networks in industrial applications
Authors: Du Wan , Navarro David , Mieyeville Fabien
Published: February 2014

Wireless sensor networks have been widely applied in industrial applications especially since the release of IEEE 802.15.4 standard. By participating in an automobile project in which an IEEE 802.15.4 based sensor and actuator network is deployed to measure and control the vibrations of an automotive system, we need to study many metrics of IEEE 802.15.4 sensor networks (e.g., packet delivery rate, latency, and energy consumption) under various sampling rates. In order to provide detailed modeling of hardware and software as well as network behaviors on each sensor node, we conduct plenty of experiments on a SystemC‐based wireless sensor networks simulator IDEA1, which supports the hardware and software co‐simulation of sensor nodes with certain flexibility of abstraction level. Compared with the existing works on performance evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 protocols, the main contributions of this paper are the comprehensive studies of both beacon‐enabled and nonbeacon‐enabled modes under various parameter settings and the beacon tracking synchronization mechanism in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which is ignored in most previous works. Additionally, the in‐depth analysis of simulation results enables us to find the best parameter configurations to different traffic loads and application requirements, which can be used as general experiences for other applications.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical evaluation, imaging studies, indications for cytologic study, and preprocedural requirements for duct brushing studies and pancreatic FNA: The papanicolaou society of cytopathology recommendations for pancreatic and biliary cytology
Authors: Adler Douglas , Max Schmidt C. , Al‐Haddad Mohammad , Barthel James S. , Ljung Britt‐Marie , Merchant Nipun B. , Romagnuolo Joseph , Shaaban Akram M. , Simeone Diane , Bishop Pitman Martha , Field Andrew , Layfield Lester J.
Published: February 2014

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreaticobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, techniques for EUS‐FNA, terminology and nomenclature to be used for pancreaticobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and post‐biopsy management. All documents are based on expertise of the authors, literature review, discussions of the draft document at national and international meetings, and synthesis of online comments of the draft document. This document selectively presents the results of these discussions.

 This document summarizes recommendations for the clinical and imaging work‐up of pancreatic and biliary tract lesions along with indications for cytologic study of these lesions. Prebrushing and FNA requirements are also discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:325–332. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Techniques for cytologic sampling of pancreatic and bile duct lesions
Authors: Brugge William , DeWitt John , Klapman Jason B. , Ashfaq Raheela , Shidham Vinod , Chhieng David , Kwon Richard , Baloch Zubair , Zarka Matthew , Staerkel Gregg
Published: February 2014

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, techniques of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, terminology and nomenclature of pancreatobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and postbiopsy management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings over an 18‐month period and synthesis of online comments of the draft document on the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology website [www.papsociety.org]. This document presents the results of these discussions regarding the use of ancillary testing in the cytological diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic lesions. This document summarizes the current state of the art for techniques in acquiring cytology specimens from the biliary tree as well as solid and cystic lesions of the pancreas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:333–337. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytodiagnostic aspects of lung adenocarcinoma manifesting with micropapillary pattern in sputum
Authors: Chang Nien‐Yi , Wang John , Lin Cheng‐Ching , Chen Su‐Wey
Published: February 2014

The micropapillary pattern of lung adenocarcinoma was discussed in the 2004 World Health Organization classification and is now proposed as a distinct pattern in the new International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Guidelines. The micropapillary pattern is histologically characterized by papillary tufts lacking a central fibrovascular core and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Herein, we report the cytological features of lung adenocarcinoma with the micropapillary pattern in a sputum specimen. A 75‐year‐old woman presented with a productive cough, blood‐tinged sputum, and some symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. The initial impressions from her chest radiograph and computed tomography scan indicated pneumonia. However, the initial sputum cytology sample showed a few clusters of cells with abnormal three‐dimensional structure, interpreted as adenocarcinoma. These cells were small and had minimal cytologic atypia, demonstrating a potential diagnostic pitfall. The following biopsy confirmed lung adenocarcinoma with the micropapillary pattern. Here, we describe this case and discuss the differential diagnosis of pulmonary entities exhibiting similar morphologies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:902–905. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rectal extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease diagnosed by EUS‐FNA: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ioannidis Ioannis , Manolakis Catherine , Laurini Javier A. , Roveda Kelly P. , de Melo Jr Silvio , Avery Brenda , Boudreaux Carole W.
Published: February 2014

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as “sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy,” only rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, this unusual site of presentation can be challenging for the pathologist. We present a case of RDD manifesting as a rectal submucosal mass associated with rectal bleeding in a 54 year old woman. The diagnosis was made on cytologic preparations obtained through endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) and subsequently confirmed by biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first time extranodal RDD of the GI tract has been diagnosed by EUS‐FNA. A review of previously published cases of GI RDD is presented to increase awareness of this exceptional presentation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:40–44. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration in follicular‐patterned lesions using a 5‐tiered and a 6‐tiered diagnostic system: A double‐blind study of 140 cases with histological confirmation
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Piana Simonetta , Spitale Alessandra , Valli Riccardo , Carlinfante Gabriele , Gardini Giorgio
Published: February 2014

Five‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems for reporting thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) results are used widely throughout the world. In this study, we present a double‐blind study of histologically confirmed follicular‐patterned neoplasms and evaluate the cytological classification of the same lesions according to both systems. One hundred and forty consecutive surgically resected thyroid follicular‐patterned lesions with a diagnostic preoperative FNA were retrieved from our archive. Two cytopathologists, who were blinded to all clinical information, classified each FNA case according to their respective routine diagnostic reporting system (5‐tiered or 6‐tiered). Interobserver variability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa (K) coefficient. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by measuring sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each cytopathologist. The 140 thyroid FNAs included histologically confirmed nodular hyperplasia, follicular adenomas, follicular carcinomas, and papillary carcinomas, follicular variant (35 cases for each) obtained from 104 females and 36 males with a mean age of 48.8 years and a mean tumor diameter of 27.8 mm. Negative predictive values (PV) for benign cases were 72.2% and 68.8% in the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems, respectively (P = 0.7009). Positive PV were 100% for malignant cases in both systems. The sensitivity (78.6% vs. 72.9%, P = 0.4305), specificity (55.7% vs. 47.1%, P = 0.3103), and diagnostic accuracy (67.1% vs. 60.0%, P =0.2143) were similar between the systems. ROC curves almost entirely overlapped (P = 0.8937). Both the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems show similar diagnostic accuracy in follicular‐patterned lesions, further supporting the adoption of a common reporting system for thyroid cytopathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:744–750. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Irx4 identifies a chamber‐specific cell population that contributes to ventricular myocardium development
Authors: Nelson Daryl O. , Jin Dexter X. , Downs Karen M. , Kamp Timothy J. , Lyons Gary E.
Published: February 2014

COVER PHOTOGRAPH: A merged confocal image of a primary cardiomyocyte culture, derived from the ventricles of a postnatal day‐3 mouse heart. Cardiomyocytes were co‐stained with primary antibodies to IRX4, a ventricle‐specific transcription factor, and the cardiomyocyte‐specific marker, cardiac troponin T. A goat anti‐mouse IgM Alexa 568 secondary (red) was used to detect IRX4 primary antibody, and goat anti‐mouse IgG Alexa 488 secondary (green) was used to report localization of the cardiac troponin T primary antibody. Nuclei were labeled with Hoechst dye. This result shows that IRX4 is restricted to the cytoplasm of postnatal day 3 ventricular myocytes. At postnatal day 5, IRX4 is localized to the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. From Nelson et al., Developmental Dynamics 243:381–392.
Rank perception and self‐evaluation in eating disorders
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Di Matteo Rosalia , Gilbert Paul , Treasure Janet
Published: February 2014

Objectives

Heightened sensitivity to social comparison and negative self‐evaluation have been implicated in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). This study used behavioral tasks, as well as self‐report measures, to examine processing of social rank‐related cues and implicit self‐concept in participants with EDs.

Method

Fifty healthy participants (HCs), 46 people with an ED, and 22 people recovered from an ED (REC) undertook an attentional bias task using social rank‐related cues and an implicit self‐evaluation task. In addition, they completed self‐report measures of social comparison, submissive behavior, and shame.

Results

People with EDs showed vigilance toward social rank‐related stimuli and lower implicit positive self‐evaluation than HCs. Self‐report data confirmed the behavioral findings and showed that people with EDs had higher levels of unfavorable social comparison, submissive behaviors, and external and internal shame than HCs. People who had recovered from an ED showed an intermediate profile between the two groups.

Discussion

People with EDs have heightened sensitivity to social rank‐related cues and impaired self‐evaluation at an automatic level of processing. Some of these biases remain in people who have recovered. Interventions which aim to remediate social threat sensitivity and negative bias about self and others might be of benefit in EDs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:543–552)
Thermodynamical Criteria of the Higher Selectivity of Zirconium Oxycations over Hafnium Oxycations towards Organophosphorus Ligands: Density Functional Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Ali Sk. Musharaf
Published: February 2014

Density Functional theory (DFT) has been used to optimize the structures of Cyanex925 [bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)octylphosphine oxide], tributyl phosphate (TBP), and their complexes with Hf and Zr oxycations by employing the triple‐zeta valence plus polarization (TZVP) basis set. The effect of noncovalent interactions was examined by using the TPSSH and M06‐2X density functionals. The free energy of extraction ΔGextfrom the aqueous to organic phase was calculated by using the standard thermodynamic procedure in conjunction with the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO). The calculated ΔGext, either with an implicit or explicit solvation model, fails to capture the experimentally reported preferential selectivity of ZrO2+ions over HfO2+ions in the absence of nitrate anions towards Cyanex925 over TBP. The presence of nitrate anions along with the second solvation shell (n= 6 + 1 water molecules) around the oxycation shows consistent results with the calculated ΔGextfor the selectivity as reported in solvent extraction experiments [the calculated ΔΔΔGextvalue (–4.72 kcal/mol) is in qualitative agreement with the experimental ΔΔΔGext(–0.82 kcal/mol) results; separation factor (SF) ≈ exp(–ΔΔΔGex/RT)]. Different bonding analyses indicate the electrostatic nature of the interactions between the metal oxycations and the organophosphorus ligands. The present study will further assist in the design of new ligand/solvent systems for the preferential extraction of ZrO2+ions over HfO2+ions in solvent extraction experiments.
Palladium Nanoparticles Embedded into Graphene Nanosheets: Preparation, Characterization, and Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of H2O2
Authors: Liu Hongfang , Chen Xianlan , Huang Linhong , Wang Jian , Pan Haibo
Published: February 2014

A novel nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor based on a palladium nanoparticles/graphene (Pd‐NPs/GN) hybrid nanostructures composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was reported. The composites of graphene (GN) decorated with Pd nanoparticles have been prepared by simultaneously reducing graphite oxide (GO) and K2PdCl4 in one pot. The Pd‐NPs were intended to enlarge the interplanar spacing of graphene nanosheets and were well dispersed on the surface or completely embedded into few‐layer GN, which maintain their high surface area and prevent GN from aggregating. XPS analysis indicated that the surface Pd atoms are negatively charged, favoring the reduction process of H2O2. Moreover, the Pd‐NPs/GN/GCE could remarkably decrease the overpotential and enhance the electron‐transfer rate due to the good contact between Pd‐NPs and GN sheets, and Pd‐NPs have high catalytical effect for H2O2 reduction. Amperometric measurements allow observation of the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 at 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The H2O2 reduction current is linear to its concentration in the range from 1×10−9 to 2×10−3 M, and the detection limit was found to be 2×10−10 M (S/N=3). The as‐prepared nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor exhibits excellent repeatability, selectivity and long‐term stability.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite in Meat and Water Samples Using a Mesoporous Carbon Ceramic SiO2/C Electrode Modified with In Situ Generated Manganese(II) Phthalocyanine
Authors: Rahim Abdur , Santos Lucas S. S. , Barros Sergio B. A. , Kubota Lauro T. , Landers Richard , Gushikem Yoshitaka
Published: February 2014

Mesoporous carbon ceramic SiO2/50 wt % C (SBET=170 m2 g−1), where C is graphite, were prepared by the sol‐gel method. The materials were characterized using N2 sorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and conductivity measurements. The matrix was used as support for the in situ immobilization of Mn(II) phthalocyanine (MnPc) on their surface. XPS was used to determine the Mn/Si atomic ratios of the MnPc‐modified materials. Pressed disk electrodes were prepared with the MnPc‐modified matrix, and tested as an electrochemical sensor for nitrite oxidation. The linear response range, sensitivity, detection limit and quantification limit were 0.79–15.74 µmol L−1, 17.31 µA L µmol−1, 0.02 µmol L−1 and 0.79 µmol L−1, respectively, obtained using cyclic voltammetry. The repeatability of the proposed sensor, evaluated in terms of relative standard deviation was 1.7 % for 10 measurements of a solution of 12.63 µmol L−1 nitrite. The sensor employed to determine nitrite in sausage meat, river and lake water samples showed to be a promising tool for this purpose.
Poly‐ε‐Lysine Modified Nanocarbon Film Electrodes for LPS Detection
Authors: Kato Dai , Oda Atsumu , Tanaka Mutsuo , Iijima Seiichiro , Kamata Tomoyuki , Todokoro Masami , Yoshimi Yasuo , Niwa Osamu
Published: February 2014

We developed an electrochemical system for detecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that uses an ultraflat nanocarbon film electrode modified with poly‐ε‐lysine with a high affinity to LPS. LPS was captured on the modified electrode, and then ferrocene labeled polymyxin B (FcPMB) was captured on the LPS adsorbed electrode via the LPS‐PMB affinity interaction. The adsorbed FcPMB provided an amplified response with Fe2+ ions, and the current response was dependent on the amount of captured LPS (LOD=2.0 ng/mL). This was due to the efficient accumulation of the obtained current for LPS and the very low noise made possible by the ultraflat surface.
Biotransformation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by Pseudomonas spp. isolated from a TNT-contaminated environment
Authors: Chien Chih-Ching , Kao Chih-Ming , Chen De-Yu , Chen Ssu Ching , Chen Chien-Cheng
Published: February 2014

The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a secondary explosive widely used worldwide for both military and civil purposes. As a result, residual TNT has been detected as an environmental pollutant in both soil and groundwater. The authors have isolated several microbial strains from soil contaminated with TNT by enrichment culture techniques using TNT as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. The contaminated soil contained approximately 1860 ppm TNT measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The initial identification of these isolates was determined by 16S rRNA gene comparison. The isolates mainly included species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Two strains (Pseudomonas putida strain TP1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain TP6) were selected for further examination. Both strains demonstrated the ability to grow on the medium containing TNT as a carbon, energy, and nitrogen source and also clearly demonstrated the ability to degrade TNT. More than 90% of the TNT in the growth medium was degraded by both strains after 22 d incubation, as determined by HPLC. Additionally, the resting cells of P. putida TP1 and P. aeruginosa TP6 both significantly displayed the ability to transform (metabolize) TNT. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1059–1063. © 2014 SETAC
Psychological functioning 1 year after a brief intervention using micronutrients to treat stress and anxiety related to the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes: a naturalistic follow‐up
Authors: Rucklidge Julia J. , Blampied Neville , Gorman Brigette , Gordon Heather A. , Sole Ellen
Published: February 2014

Objective

We investigated whether micronutrients given acutely following the Christchurch earthquakes continued to confer benefit 1 year following the treatment.

Methods

Sixty‐four adults from the original 91 participants experiencing heightened anxiety or stress 2–3 months following the 22nd February 2011 earthquake and who had been randomized to receive three different doses of micronutrients completed on‐line questionnaires assessing mood, anxiety, stress, and symptoms associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder 1 year after completing the initial study. Twenty‐one out of 29 nonrandomized controls who did not receive the treatment also completed the questionnaires.

Results

Both the treated and control groups experienced significant improvement in psychological functioning compared with end‐of‐trial. However, treated participants had better long‐term outcomes on most measures compared with controls (ES = 0.69–1.31). Those who stayed on micronutrients through to follow‐up or stopped all treatment reported better psychological functioning than those who switched to other treatments including medications. About 10% of the sample continued to have post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Conclusions

Disaster survivors improve psychologically over time regardless of receiving intervention; however, those taking micronutrients during the acute phase following a disaster show better outcomes, identifying micronutrients as a viable treatment for acute stress following a natural disaster with maintenance of benefits 1 year later. ACTRN 12611000460909 Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FGFR4 signaling couples to Bim and not Bmf to discriminate subsets of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Wachtel Marco , Rakic Jelena , Okoniewski Michal , Bode Peter , Niggli Felix , Schäfer Beat W.
Published: February 2014

Biological heterogeneity represents a major obstacle for cancer treatment. Therefore, characterization of treatment‐relevant tumor heterogeneity is necessary to develop more effective therapies in the future. Here, we uncovered population heterogeneity among PAX/FOXO1‐positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma by characterizing prosurvival networks initiated by FGFR4 signaling. We found that FGFR4 signaling rescues only subgroups of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells from apoptosis induced by compounds targeting the IGF1R‐PI3K‐mTOR pathway. Differences in both proapoptotic machinery and FGFR4‐activated signaling are involved in the different behavior of the phenotypes. Proapoptotic stress induced by the kinase inhibitors is sensed by Bim/Bad in rescue cells and by Bmf in nonrescue cells. Anti‐apoptotic ERK1/2 signaling downstream of FGFR4 is long‐lasting in rescue and short‐termed in most non‐rescue cells. Gene expression analysis detected signatures specific for these two groups also in biopsy samples. The different cell phenotypes are present in different ratios in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma tumors and can be identified by AP2β expression levels. Hence, inhibiting FGFR signaling might represent an important strategy to enhance efficacy of current RMS treatments.