bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective, ppb-Level Xylene Gas Detection by Sn2+-Doped NiO Flower-Like Microspheres Prepared by a One-Step Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Lu Shaohe , Hu Xuefeng , Zheng Hua , Qiu Junwen , Tian Renbing , Quan Wenjing , Min Xinjie , Ji Peng , Hu Yewei , Cheng Suishi , Du Wei , Chen Xiaoqiang , Cui Beiliang , Wang Xiaorong , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2019

Detecting xylene gas is an important means of avoiding human harm from gas poisoning. A precise measurement demands that the gas sensor used must have high sensitivity, high selectivity, and low working temperature. To meet these requirements, in this study, Sn2+-doped NiO flower-like microspheres (SNM) with different amounts of Sn2+ synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process were investigated. The responses of gas sensors based on different Sn2+-doped NiO materials for various targeting gases were fully characterized. It was found that all of the synthesized materials exhibited the best gas response at a working temperature of 180 degrees, which was much lower than the previously reported working temperature range of 300–500 degrees. When exposed to 10 ppm xylene, the 8 at% Sn2+-doped NiO sensor (mol ratio) exhibited the highest response, with a value of 30 (Rg/Ra). More significantly, the detection limit of the 8 at% Sn2+-doped NiO sensor for xylene is down in the ppb level. The Sn2+-doped NiO material also exhibits excellent selectivity for other gases with long-term stability and repeatability. The significant improvement in the response to xylene can theoretically be attributed to a decrease in the intrinsic hole carrier concentration, higher amounts of adsorbed oxygen and active sites.
A Sustainable Approach to Mental Health Education: An Empirical Study Using Zhuangzi’s Self-Adaptation
Authors: Ko Hsin-Chi
Published: July 2019

No one can avoid feeling frustrated, and contemporary schools should take the lead in supporting mental health. A sustainable approach to such education can be found in Zhuangzi (ca 369–ca 286 BCE), a representative of Taoist schools who is credited with writing the Zhuangzi, a philosophical and literary text. The first section of this study uses qualitative research methods to identify 70 concepts regarding self-adaptation in the Zhuangzi and classifies them into 11 categories. The individual sentences from which these concepts originated are then logically reordered by category to create texts that aid a reader’s understanding of Zhuangzi’s philosophy. The second section of this study uses purposive sampling through an online questionnaire to consider university student feedback on self-adaptation philosophy. Overall, 84.12% of students agreed or strongly agreed that self-adaptation could help them deal with frustration, and 40.80% of students identified the category “mental state” as the most helpful. Furthermore, 88.91% of students reported that thinking about their mental state was most helpful in interpersonal relationship situations. Thus, self-adaptation offers individuals a sustainable, healthy means of dealing with life’s challenges. The findings of this study may have far-reaching impacts on European and American society by cultivating the general public’s interest in Zhuangzi’s philosophy.
Gravitational Radiation, Vorticity And Super–Energy: A Conspicuous Threesome
Authors: Herrera Luis
Published: July 2019

We elaborate on the link relating gravitational radiation, vorticity and a flux of super–energy on the plane orthogonal to the vorticity vector. We examine the vorticity appearing in the congruence of observers at the outside of the source, as well as the vorticity of the fluid distribution, the source of the gravitational radiation is made of. The information provided by the study of the physical aspects of the source poses new questions which could, in principle, be solved by the observational evidence. Besides the study of the theoretical issues associated to such relationship, we also stress the new observational possibilities to detect gravitational radiation, appearing as consequence of the above mentioned link. The high degree of development achieved in the gyroscope technology, as well as recent proposals to detect rotations by means of ring lasers, atom interferometers, atom lasers and anomalous spin–precession experiments, lead us to believe that an alternative to the laser interferometers used so far to detect gravitational waves, may be implemented based on the detection of the vorticity associated with gravitational radiation. Additionally, this kind of detectors might be able to elucidate the open question about the physical properties of the tail of the waves appearing as the consequence of the violation of the Huygens’s principle in general relativity.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
Authors: Gurugopinath Sanjeev
Published: July 2019

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently proposed as a technique to increase the network throughput and to support massive connectivity, which are major requirements in the fifth generation (5G) communication systems. The NOMA can be realized through two different approaches, namely, in (a) power-domain, and (b) code-domain. In the power-domain NOMA (PD-NOMA), multiple users are assigned different power levels – based on their individual channel quality information – over the same orthogonal resources. The functionality of PD-NOMA comprises of two main techniques, namely, superposition coding at the transmitter and successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver. An efficient implementation of SIC would facilitate to remove interference across the users. The SIC is carried out at users with the best channel conditions and is performed in descending order of the channel. On the other hand, in the code-domain NOMA (CD-NOMA), multiplexing is carried out using low-density spreading sequences for each user, similar to the code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. In this article, we provide an introduction to NOMA and present the details on the working principle of NOMA systems. Later, we discuss the different types of NOMA schemes under PD- and CD-domains, and investigate the related applications in the context of 5G communication systems. Additionally, we discuss the integration of NOMA with other technologies related to 5G such as cognitive radio and massive MIMO, and discuss some future research challenges.
Characterization of Technology-based Mediations for Navigated Learning
Authors: Lalingkar Aparna , Srinivasa Srinath , Ram Prasad
Published: July 2019

Present day curriculum and classroom practices focus on the average student. But recent advances in the study of individualization show that there is no such thing called an average student. Pedagogy needs to address multiple dimensions of concern, and as the number of dimensions increase, the probability of finding an individual who is average on all parameters, rapidly diminishes to zero. Due to the highly variegated nature of individual learner profiles, there is a need to find a technology-based adaptable solution that can include all kinds of learners and nurture their talents as a learning community. Navigated learning is a new paradigm for learning, that aims for a holistic integration of the three independent requirements: scalability, personalization and social learning. In this article, we describe the pedagogic model and a platform for navigated learning. Also, we characterize technology-based mediations for navigated learning. We model mediation as a balance of control between the system (the hypothetical teacher) and the learner.
Towards the concept of divine justice income: an imaginary dialogue
Authors: Sokarina Ayudia , Arifin Rosyid
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Tulisan ini adalah sebuah dialog imajiner antara dua akuntan yang berbeda latar belakang lingkungan pendidikan. Salah seorang dengan pendidikan sekuler (akuntan-sekuler: Asek) dan seorang lainnya berasal dari lingkungan pendidikan pesantren (akuntan-syariah: Asyah). Keduanya berdialog mengenai konsep income hingga melahirkan sebuah konsep yang mereka sebut sebagai konsep income berkeadilan Ilahi. Konsep income berkeadilan Ilahi mengandung tiga rukun yaitu: rukun paritas, rukun kewargaan, dan rukun pembuktian. Ketiga rukun itu digambarkan seperti struktur lapisan bumi. Tulisan ini menggunakan dialog imajiner sebagai sebuah metode yang dikategorikan dalam paradigma postmodern. Ini adalah sebuah cara unik untuk memberikan pencerahan bagi perkembangan akuntansi syariah. Abstract This paper is an imaginary dialogue between two accountants who have different educational background environments. The first accountant is from secular education environment (secular accountant: Asek) and the second accountant comes from pesantren education environment (sharia accountant: Asyah). Both of them discuss about the concept of income to initiate a concept which is called Divine Justice Income. The concept of Divine Justice Income consists of three pillars, namely: parity pillar (rukun paritas), kinship pillar (rukun kewargaan), and social welfare pillar (rukun pembuktian). All pillars are illustrated just like the layer of earth. This paper employs an imaginary dialogue as the method which is categorized as postmodern paradigm. This is a unique way to provide insight for the development of sharia accounting.
Karakteristik akuntansi dan bisnis islami: pandangan akuntan pendidik dan akuntan publik
Authors: Tumirin Tumirin , Jayanti Neny , Umaimah
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji perbedaan persepsi antara akuntan pendidik dan akuntan publik akuntansi Islam. Dalam penelitian ini, akuntansi Islam diukur dengan empat indikator yaitu karakteristik aktivitas bisnis Islam, akuntansi karakteristik Islam, pengguna akuntansi islam dan tujuan akuntansi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Kuisioner dibagikan kepada responden. jumlah responden adalah 54 akuntan pendidik dan 55 akuntan publik. hasilnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis alternatif diterima. ada perbedaan persepsi antara akuntan pendidik dan akuntan publik akuntansi Islam. Abstract Aim of this research is test of difference perception betwen educator accountant and public accountant of Islamic Accounting. In this research, Islamic Accounting measured by four indicator that are business activity characteristic of Islam, characteristic accounting of Islam, Islam User accounting and gool of Islamic Accounting. This research use quantitative methods. Questionnaire distributed to responden. The number of respondens are 54 educator accountants and 55 public accountants. The result can be concluded that hypothesis of alternative is accepted. There is difference of perception between educator accountant and public accountant of Islamic Accounting.
PENGARUH KARIR, LINGKUNGAN KERJA, MOTIVASI, DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI PUSAT INFORMASI PENGAWASAN BADAN PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan
Published: July 2019

Studi ini akan mengukur kinerja pegawai berdasarkan beberapa variable independen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Informasi Pengawasan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan survey pada 120 responden yang diambil secara random sampling.  Hasil analisis data dari SPSS menggambarkan korelasi dari variable-variabel tersebut untuk mengungkap tujuan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengukur seberapa jauh pengaruh secara bersama-sama antara variabel Karir (Xj), Lingkungan Kerja (X2), Motivasi (X3) dan Kepemimpinan (X4) dengan variabel Kinerja Pegawai pada Pusat Informasi Pengawasan BPKP (Y). Keempat variable tersebut terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai.
EFEK MODERASI PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN DI TENGAH KRISIS EKONOMI GLOBAL
Authors: Frihatni Andi Ayu
Published: July 2019

The developing countries including Indonesia experienced slow economic growth because of Eurozone financial crisis at its peak of 2012. The aim of this research is to test the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm value moderated by profitability in the middle of global crisis. This research sample consists of 35 manufacture firms with financial statements in the period of 2012. The analysis method of this research uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The result of research discloses that the mean of profitability generated by manufacture firms in the middle of global crisis is low. However, it moderates the relationship between CSR on the firm value. It indicates that profitability can strengthen the increase of CSR on the firm value. CSR could lead the increase of the firm value when the profitability was low.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE DAN FAKTOR LAINNYA TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN NON KEUANGAN
Authors: MAGDALENA CHANDRA STEFANI , ARIFIN DJASHAN INDRA
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to provide empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, leverage, firm size, audit quality, firm age, board of commissioner, board of directors, audit comittee, and managerial ownership on earnings management. Population of this research are non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012-2016. The samples of this study are 310 data using purposive sampling method. This research uses multiple regression method for data analysis. The result of this research shows that board of commissioner have effect on earnings management but , leverage, firm size, audit quality, firm age, board of directors, audit comittee, and managerial ownership do not have effect on earnings management.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, DAN KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: PUTRI KARTIKA SARI DWI , SANJAYA RIKI
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research to investigate the influence of good corporate governance and firm’s characteristic on firm value as a firm’s strategy to upgrade their value. This study use financial statement from non financial firm in Bursa Efek Indonesia for three years, start from 2014 – 2016. This study using purposive sampling method for determine a sample is required and using multiple regression and statistic descriptive for analyze data. The result of this study is four of eight variable independen influence on firm value. Independent commissioner, size of commissioner, Return on Equity, and Leverage as a component of good corporate governance influence firm value. But another good corporate governance’s component like managerial ownership, institusional ownership, audit committee, and component of firm’s characteristic there is firm size don’t effect firm value.
THE EFFECT OF SIZE, FIRM AGE, GROWTH, AUDIT REPUTATION, OWNERSHIP AND FINANCIAL RATIO ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE
Authors: YESSICA DELVIA  , NICO ALEXANDER
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of size, firm age, growth, audtior reputation, ownership concentration, leverage, market-to-book ratio, liquidity, and profitability on intellectual capital disclosure. This research used 157 non-financial companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and the data were selected using purposive sampling method during 2012 until 2015. The data were analyzed using multiple regression method. The empirical result show that size, profitability, auditor’s reputation and ownership concentration have influence on intellectual capital disclosure practices while firm age, leverage, market-to-book ratio, liquidity, and growth have no influence on intellectual capital disclosure practices. .
Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Environemtal Disclosure
Authors: Kholmi Masiyah , Sumarji Siti Aminah , Zubaidah Siti
Published: July 2019

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance on environmental disclosure quality in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and become PROPER participant for the period 2017. The research sample numbered 25 with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques with secondary data. Data is taken in the form of published data on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data analysis uses Partial Least Square, While testing the hypothesis using the outer model and inner model. Based on the results of the study found corporate governance have a positive effect on environmental disclosure quality.
Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Ibu Hamil (Perokok Pasif) Terhadap Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Wilayah Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Rahim Fitri Kurnia , Muharry Andy
Published: July 2019

Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) masih menjadi permasalahan di negara berkembang. Berdasarkan laporan riset kesehatan dasar tahun 2013 menunjukan bahwa proporsi  BBLR di Indonesia yaitu 10.2 %. Paparan asap rokok dapat menjadi faktor resiko terjadinya BBLR. Berdasarkan Riskesdas (2013) sebesar 85% rumah tangga Indonesia terpapar asap rokok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar karbon monoksida (CO) hamil perokok pasif dengan kejadian BBLR.

Jenis penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang melahirkan pada periode waktu Januari 2017 sampai dengan Maret 2018 di wilayah Puskesmas Manggari Kabupaten Kuningan. Adapun besar sampel dalam penelitian yaitu total sampling sebanyak 27 orang dengan ratio 1:1. Sehingga jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 orang. Selain itu penelitian ini didukung dengan data kualitatif menggunakan kombinasi (mix method) model concurrent-embedded. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dan alat pengukur karbon monoksida (CO) yaitu Micro + ™ Smokerlyzer. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis univariat, bivariat (uji chi-squre) dan analisis data kualitatif. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukan 54,2 % ibu yang memiliki kadar CO kategori berbahaya mengalami kejadian BBLR. Sebanyak 46.7 % ibu yang memiliki kadar CO kategori normal mengalami kejadian BBLN.  Perbedaan proporsi berdasarkan kategori kadar CO pada ibu antara kelompok kasus (BBLR) dan kontrol (BBLN) tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p;0,584; OR:1,4; 95%CI:0,460-3,964).
Hubungan Sumber Informasi Dengan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi di Kelurahan Merak Tangerang
Authors: Santikasari Siska , Laksmini Puji
Published: July 2019

Kontrasepsi merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kehamilan, serta mengatur jumlah anak yang diinginkan. Kendala yang dihadapi pada pemasangan alat kontrasepsi yaitu belum optimalnya penyampaian informasi secara mandiri maupun kelompok tentang kontrasepsi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengidentifikasi adanya hubungan antara sumber informasi pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi di kelurahan Merak kabupaten Tangerang.  Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan “Cross Sectional”. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 66 responden menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling, dan uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi–Square. Hasil penelitian  di dapatkan nilai p-value = 0.012 (< 0.05), hal ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sumber informasi dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi di kelurahan Merak Kabupaten Tangerang.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Orangtua Tentang Perawatan Pasca Tranfusi Pada Anak Thalasemia Melalui Pemberian Komunikasi Informasi Edukasi Berbasis Audio Visual di Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Saprudin Nanang , Sudirman Rani Muliany
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Insidensi thalasemia pada anak, saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan. Thalasemia yang diderita anak bisa menurunkan kualitas hidup anak baik aspek fisik maupun psikologis. Perawatan pasca tranfusi yang kurang tepat oleh orang tua dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua dalam perawatan pasca tranfusi bisa dilakukan melalui pemberian komunikasi informasi dan edukasi berbasis audio visual. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan orang tua dalam perawatan pasca tranfusi pada anak thalasemia sebelum dan sesudah pemberian KIE. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan nonequivalent control group design dengan menggunakan one group pretest posttest. Subjek penelitian ini adalah orang tua dengan anak thalasemia sesuai kriteria. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan accidental sampling sejumlah 30 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan menggunakan kuisioner, pemutar video dan LCD. Analisis bivariat yang digunakan adalah uji t dependen. Hasil : penelitian menunjukan ada peningkatan skor dan perbedaan pengetahun responden dengan p value 0,000 < 0,05. Simpulan : terdapat peningkatan rerata skor pengetahuan setelah pemberian KIE dan terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan responden sebelum dan sesudah pemberian KIE. Saran :  bagi orang tua untuk menambah informasi menggunakan media elektronik sejenis serta bagi rumah sakit untuk memasukan KIE berbasis audio visual sebagai pengembangan program dalam media penyuluhan khususnya tentang perawatan pasca tranfusi kepada orang tua dengan anak thalassemia.
MODEL ASSESMEN PENGETAHUAN KONSEPTUAL MAHASISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH FISIKA
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Prabowo Prabowo
Published: July 2019

Berbagai macam model pembelajaran  dikembangkan oleh para pengembang pendidikan. Namun kenyataannya kecakapan mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah masih rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya masalah pada diri mahasiswa yang diduga adalah pengetahuan konseptual. Untuk mengkaji pengetahuan konseptual mahasiswa ini, maka perlu dikembangkan suatu model assesmen pengetahuan konseptual mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model assesmen pengetahuan mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah Fisika dan implementasinya. Penelitian termasuk penelitian pengembangan dengan  menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu mengembangkan model assesmen pengetahuan konseptual mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah Fisika. Model assesmen yang telah dikembangkan akan diuji kevalidan oleh ahli yang kompeten. Proses penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pengembangan model instrumen pengetahuan konseptual mahasiswa, uji coba model assesmen. Uji lapangan dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian  diperoleh  model assesmen pengetahuan konseptual mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah Fisika. Hasil implementasi model assesmen dapat disimpulkan bahwa subjek dengan kategori akademik tinggi dapat mendefinisikan  dan mengaplikasikan konsep dengan sangat baik, tetapi kurang baik dalam menunjukkan interelasi antara beberapa konsep pada pemecahan masalah. Sedangkan subjek dengan kategori akademik rendah dapat mendefinisikan konsep dengan baik, tetapi kurang baik dalam mengaplikasikan konsep fisika, serta tidak baik dalam menunjukkan interelasi antara beberapa konsep pada pemecahan masalah fisika.
Bangladesh 2000-2017: Sustainable Growth, Technology and the Irrelevance of Productivity
Authors: McCartney Matthew
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on the case of Bangladesh as an example of a country that is at risk of falling into the ‘middle income trap’, in other words the risk that a country that has attained middle income levels will then be unable to join the club of developed countries. This paper uses the theory of Unequal Exchange from the Dependency School to understand the middle income trap in Bangladesh and further argues that the ideas of productivity, competitiveness and technological change derived from orthodox economic thinking are not useful in understanding growth prospects and policy responses in contemporary middle income countries. Alternately, the paper explains the role of structural change as a means of sustaining growth in middle income countries.
Is the Value Addition in Services and Manufacturing Complementary? Empirical Evidence from SAARC
Authors: Haq Mirajul , Kafait Hussain Naqvi Syed , Luqman Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Most empirical studies on sectoral change provide evidence in favor of the complementarities between manufacturing and services, claiming that both sectors generally grow in parallel. This study investigates the complementarities hypothesis for the SAARC countries, which have dominant services sectors but have not graduated to industrial status. We ask whether the rapid growth and value addition of services presents an opportunity or threat for value addition in manufacturing, when the latter sector is still at a premature stage. Our findings do not validate the complementarities between manufacturing and services overall in the case of the SAARC countries. However, there appear to be potential complementarities once services is interacted with trade variables.
Assessing the Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on the Education Sector: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the effects of fiscal decentralization on the education sector for a sample of 62 countries. The results suggest that different sources of fiscal decentralization have distinct effects on education expenditure and quality. While subnational governments that are financed through own-tax revenues are more likely to increase the funds allocated to education, they also seem less concerned with maintaining teaching quality. This study provides evidence that decentralized structures cater better to local social needs. Fiscal decentralization is, therefore, an important policy instrument for achieving social goals.
Financial Contagion in EFA Markets in Crisis Periods: A Multivariate GARCH Dynamic Conditional Correlation Framework
Authors: Ur Rehman Mobeen
Published: July 2019

This paper uses the multivariate GARCH dynamic conditional correlation framework proposed by Engle (2002) to investigate time-varying conditional correlation between developed markets and emerging and frontier Asian (EFA) markets. It employs monthly returns data for 2000–14 to capture the potential contagion in developed (the US, Europe and Japan) and EFA stock markets. A key finding is the increasing conditional correlation among EFA and developed markets, especially during the 2008 financial crisis. The study finds that, during periods of financial turmoil, EFA markets are exposed to shocks and spillover effects from developed markets along with a substantial shift in the regime of conditional correlation. This has important implications for investors interested in diversifying portfolios in EFA markets during financial crises.
Do Financial Sector Activities Affect Tax Revenue in Pakistan?
Authors: Akram Naeem
Published: July 2019

By mobilizing savings, financial markets play a crucial role in economic development. Given that the literature does not fully explore the nexus between financial activities and tax revenue, this study attempts to analyze the role of financial markets in generating tax revenue in Pakistan, using time series data for the period 1975–2014. It finds that, in the long run, the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a positive and significant impact on tax revenue. While credit to the private sector has a bidirectional relationship with tax revenue, public sector credit has an insignificant impact. In the short run, only the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a significant impact on tax revenue.
The Statistical Value of Injury Risk in Pakistan’s Construction and Manufacturing Sectors
Authors: Mujtaba Khan Ahmad , Hyder Asma
Published: July 2019

Although health and safety regulations are a key aspect of labor market policymaking, very few studies have examined compensating wage differentials and the statistical value of injury in Pakistan’s context. This study looks at injury risk against occupation and industry, using data from the Labor Force Survey for 2013/14. We target five blue-collar occupations in two industries (construction and manufacturing), which tend to account for the highest number of injuries. However, we find that the statistical value of injury in these occupations is too small to reflect the wage premium that workers should be paid for risky jobs.
Is There a Causal Relationship Between Financial Markets in Asia and the US?
Authors: Bhunia Amalendu , Yaman Devrim
Published: July 2019

This study examines whether there is a causal relationship between selected stock markets in Asia and the US. Based on stock values from a sample of nine Asian stock markets, we find a positive correlation with US stock market prices in most cases, the exception being Vietnam. Our results indicate significant long-run and short-run causality in both directions between the Asian and US stock markets. These findings show that, while both sets of markets are integrated, there are still valuable opportunities for international investors to diversify their portfolios in the US and Asia.
Free Trade: Does Myopic Policy Overlook Long-Term Gains?
Authors: Haroon Maryiam
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the correlation between trade liberalization and welfare in Pakistan from 1986 to 2015. Using consumption expenditure as a measure of welfare, we estimate the relationship using a vector error correction model. The empirical results show that trade liberalization does not have an immediate correlation with welfare: it takes some time for liberalization policies to enhance welfare. The findings also suggest that trade liberalization can help reduce poverty, decrease inequality and increase enrollment levels in the long run. But in the short run, trade liberalization has led to higher income inequality.
An Empirical Assessment of the Q-Factor Model: Evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Asad Humaira , Khalid Cheema Faraz
Published: July 2019

This paper tests the validity of the q-factor model on stocks listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange in Pakistan. The q-factor model is an investment-based factor model that explains stock returns based on market, profitability, investment and size factors and it tends to outperform the traditional CAPM, the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model and Carhart (1997) four-factor model, with some exceptions. While the model has been tested using data from stock markets in developed countries, the dynamics of emerging stock markets are significantly different, warranting a reapplication of the model to average stock returns in a developing market. We use data from the Karachi Stock Exchange to test the model in an emerging market context. The results show that, as firms increase their investment, their stock returns decline. Hence, a firm’s investment is conditional on a given level of profitability. The size effect is strongly significant for small firms, but absent for large firms. Finally, the study identifies new factors that give a better understanding of returns in the context of an emerging economy such as Pakistan.
Poverty in Pakistan: A Region-Specific Analysis
Authors: Idrees Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Most of the earlier literature on poverty in Pakistan uses a single poverty line for the whole country or, at most, relies on a rural-urban divide. This segmentation fails to incorporate differences across provinces. This study estimates different poverty lines for the rural and urban segments of each province and region. Its estimated food, nonfood and overall poverty lines show that, with the exception of the capital territory of Islamabad, the urban poverty line is higher in all regions. The estimates of poverty show that, with the exception of Islamabad Capital Territory, rural poverty is much higher than urban poverty in all regions. We find that 25 percent of urban households and nearly 37 percent of rural households fall below the poverty lines we have defined. The study also finds that poverty measured in terms of households ignores household size and thus suppresses poverty figures.
External Debt Management in Pakistan: A Market-Based Assessment
Authors: Y. Uppal Jamshed
Published: July 2019

Economists typically use multiple indicators to assess the burden of external debt, such as the ratios of the stock of debt to exports and to gross national product, and the ratios of debt service to exports and to government revenue. As opposed to those methodologies, this article examines the Pakistan’s external debt position using a market based approach which analyzes the marginal costs of external debt as indicated by the yields on the country’s Eurobonds and the spreads on the Credit Default Swaps (CDS) traded in the international markets. The results show a sharp decline in the yields on the Pakistani Eurobonds from their peak reached during the global financial crisis (GFC) period and this decline was largely driven by quantitative easing and the resultant low interest rates in the international debt markets. Also, the continued decline in the yields in the more recent period, 2013-2017, was due to strengthening of the county’s borrowing capacity over the period. The analysis also shows that Pakistani yields seem to be converging to yields for other Asian countries, even though that the yield-spreads between Pakistan and others countries are still substantial. In conclusion the decrease in bond yields and CDS spreads may signal that the country’s external debt is currently at sustainable levels.
Exchange Rate Management and Economic Growth: A Brewing Crisis in Pakistan
Authors: Hamid Naved , Sarosh Mir Azka
Published: July 2019

In this article it is argued that Pakistan has had a consistently overvalued exchange rate and the policy with regards to management of the exchange rate has undergone a significant change in recent years. We show that prior to March 2013, the policy target of the exchange management was stability of the real effective exchange rate. However, during the tenure of the current government, the policy target for exchange rate management seems to have been stability of the nominal exchange rate against the US dollar. As the currencies of Pakistan’s major trading partners (UK, Europe and China) have depreciated against the dollar during this period, the real effective exchange rate has appreciated by over 20 percent since the time that the current policy makers took office. Overvaluation in general and the recent reversal in the exchange rate management policy in particular have had an adverse impact on exports and the manufacturing sector. This not only has serious negative consequences for the long term, growth of the economy, but has greatly increased the short-term risk of a balance of payments crisis.
Global Uncertainty and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in Pakistan
Authors: Mangla Inayat U. , Hyder Kalim
Published: July 2019

This article investigates monetary policy effectiveness in Pakistan in the presence of external uncertainties stemming from the economic growth of developed economies and international oil price movements. We estimate a structural VAR model to gauge the impact of international oil prices and global demand on key macroeconomic variables in Pakistan. Our findings suggest that monetary policy remains an effective tool for controlling inflation. An increase in oil prices (supply shock) leads to higher real policy rates, real exchange rate depreciation, an economic growth slowdown and rising inflation. A global demand surge leads to higher real policy rates, real exchange rate appreciation, economic growth and rising inflation. Real policy rates adjust upward in response to inflation and real exchange rate shocks. The real exchange rate depreciates if inflation increases. This indicates that the monetary authorities in Pakistan are generally able to stabilize consumer prices and real exchange rates in the economy.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (BASED ON ANNUAL MONITORING MATERIALS “YOUTH OF UDMURTIA”)
Authors: Obukhov K.N. , Kolesnikov D.O.
Published: July 2019

The article shows the dynamics of changes in the economic position of young people in Udmurtia since 2009. The general demographic structure of youth is shown to be subject to changes over time, it has a pronounced wave-like behavior, which affects all major socio-economic assessments. The distribution of time for study and work, professional and career intentions, migratory plans are investigated. The features of the socio-economic status of young people in the 2014-2016 financial crisis are indicated. A gradual improvement in the financial position of young people living in Udmurtia has been identified. The adverse factors affecting the economic situation of young people are: marital status, presence of children, low level of education, and living in small towns of Udmurtia.
SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE SYSTEM OF MASS COMMUNICATION IN RUSSIA AND FRANCE. THE ROLE OF TELEVISION IN PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS IN 2012 IN THESE COUNTRIES
Authors: Pechenkina E.D.
Published: July 2019

In this article, the author examines the place of social networks in the hierarchy of mass communication along with print media, radio and television by the example of their use by both ordinary citizens and politicians in Russia and France. In addition, the author determines the target audience of each information source, and names five possible methods of manipulation through social networks. Also in this scientific text, we are talking about the merger of social networks and online media, which leads to the formation of such a new phenomenon as social journalism. The problematics of the article is whether social networks and television compete for the greatest audience coverage during the presidential race in Russia and France in 2012 or, on the contrary, complement each other due to the "double screen" phenomenon.
TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEAN SOCIETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RADICAL INTELLECTUALS IN THE PERIOD OF FIN-DE-SIECLE (1890-1914)
Authors: Chernyshev M.V.
Published: July 2019

Fin-de-siècle is a French definition for “end of the age”, though also implying an era of changes in different spheres of social life within European society between 1890 and 1914. At the turn of the 20th century we can observe the phenomenon of formation of the new type of modernist political ideology “beyond Left and Right” which tended to adopt some sort of cultural revolt against decadent bourgeois society and associate it with new forms of political actions. Famous writers of the Fin-de-siècle Gabriele D’Annunzio and Maurice Barrès embodied in their writings this tendency. This essay argues that despite their claimed break with the tradition of the 19th century and search for individual liberation, the representatives of the new intellectual tradition put into practice some of the ideas that later were associated with European totalitarian ideologies of fascism and national socialism. This study attempts to describe development of views of the two writers on the national societies taking into consideration a certain number of dynamic tensions within the period of European fin-de-siècle: first of all, between the tendencies of Decadence which were evident in the last quarter of the 19th century and the desire for spiritual renewal, between the cult of personal perfection and the collective myth of political nationalism.
MANAGERICAL REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STATE CAPACITY
Authors: Nickson Andrew
Published: July 2019

This paper analyzes the impact that the ‘policy transfer’ of managerial reforms associated with the New Public Management (NPM) has had upon enhancing the capacity of the broadly defined ‘developmental state’. The paper begins by outlining the key principles of the NPM-type managerial reforms proposed to governments as a response to the challenges of wider public sector reform. Section 2 analyzes the extent to which these managerial reforms have actually been implemented around the world, with special reference to the experience of countries where they have either been modified or abandoned. Section 3 addresses the issue of ‘policy transfer’ by examining the extent to which aid-dependent countries have been more prone than other countries to adopt such managerial reforms. Section 4 outlines the major features of the developmental state, with a particular focus on the nature of the bureaucracy. Section 5 provides a critical assessment of the extent to which the introduction of managerial reforms can enhance the overall developmental capacity of the state. The final section offers some broader conclusions.
The pollution of water bodies in the Crimea by wastewater
Authors: N.M. Ivaniutin , S.V. Podovalova
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of the research was the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of wastewater discharged into water bodies of the Republic of Crimea. Pollution of the Crimean water resources is a result of human activities and it began a long time ago and is mainly due to population growth and increasing rates of urbanization. The analysis showed that the main source of pollutants in water bodies is the objects of municipal economy now. Until 2014, agriculture was in the first place in terms of the volume of discharges. The situation has changed due to the transition to the necessity to use only local water resources, which are available in limited quantities on the Republic of Crimea. It is noted that the volumes of water supplied for irrigation decreased by more than 10 times, which led to a reduction in the area of irrigated lands.
Analysis of modeling methods of the stress-strain state of the hydraulic structures for reclamation purposes with applying computer systems
Authors: K.N. Kulik , S.Ya. Semenenko , S.S. Marchenko , K.S Nikitin
Published: July 2019

The article presents the data of the analysis of the methods of modeling the stress-strain state of hydraulic structures using computational systems. The quantitative evaluation was carried out using the RSCI database both in terms of the number of publications and their citation, qualitative analysis of abstract information and full-text publications. As a result, trends in the growth of interest of the scientific community on this subject, the most popular method of research, as the relevant conclusions. Directions of perspective researches in the field of the scientific developments connected with modeling of the stress-strain state of constructions of meliorative appointment are designated.
Estimation of the initial material of meadow clover for create the new early-maturing variety Pochinkovets
Authors: O.V. Kurdakova , E.S. Rekashus , S.V. Ivanova
Published: July 2019

In the breeding nurseries and also in the competitive variety trial, the initial material of the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) of the double-cut diploid was tested. The aim of the research is to select the most economically useful cultivars and create a new early-maturing variety. In the selection was used free pollination method, free and limited pollination method, mass and individual selection, polycross. Research was done from 2009 to 2014 in a laboratory and breeding crop rotation in the Smolensk State Agricultural Experimental Station named after A.N. Engelhardt. Methods of research are widespread. Clover was grown on sod-medium podzolic light loamy soil in contrasting weather conditions of the growing season. Methods of cultivation were typical for the Smolensk region. From 2011 to 2014, the best selective number was the S-434. It is early-maturing (period from spring growth till first cutting is shorter than that of the standard for 5…7 days; till seeds ripening – for 8…10 days), has high winter hardiness (97,4%, or +5,5% to standard), green mass yield for two cuttings – 69,8 t/ha (+25,5% to standard), forage productivity of 17,3 t/ha of air-dry matter (+26,3% to standard), seed yield of 330 kg/ha (+17,9% to standard). The crude protein content was 17,3% of dry matter (more than in the control by 1,3%). Growing of selective number S-434 on seeds is 8% more profitable. Selective number S-434 is named Pochinkovets. In 2018 he was registered in the State Register of Selection Achievements.
The use of steel-concrete structures
Authors: Yu.A. Kibireva , N.S. Astafieva
Published: July 2019

This paper is dedicated to the analytical review of the historical evolution and the contemporary state of steel-concrete composite constructions, their advantages and disadvantages, a brief review of the specifics of methods for calculating and studies of steel-concrete composite constructions. The main goal of the research is to give a justified assessment of the actual situation of the steel-concrete composite constructions in modern construction. To achieve this goal the analysis of the object of research was used. Based on the results of the conducted research and study of literature and regulatory documents it is possible to draw the main conclusion about the prospects of using steel-concrete composite constructions for Russia due to the high efficiency of structures made of this material. In Russia the regulatory framework in the field of steel-concrete composite constructions is gradually expanding, and it creates the prerequisites for their wider application.
Modern problems and perspective ways of increase in efficiency and reliability of wide-cut sprinkling machine
Authors: S.S. Turapin , I.A. Kostovarova
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the issues and principles of development of wide-cut sprinkler machines and irrigation equipment for the application of mineral fertilizers with irrigation water and identifies modern challenges to achieve fundamental improvements in technical and operational characteristics. The methodology of the work is based on the study and analysis of design and layout schemes, operating principles and designs of modern electrified circular sprinkler machines of leading foreign and domestic manufacturers and equipment for fertilizing them. As a result, the main directions of improvement of sprinkler equipment are identified and conceptually new technical solutions for the main units and assemblies are defined.
Biological recultivation of soils contaminated with fuel oil, using vermiculture earthworms Dendrobena veneta and microbiological preparations «Baikal-Em», «Tamir», «East»
Authors: S.B. CHachina , E.YUr. Verba
Published: July 2019

The technology of soil remediation contaminated with fuel oil at a concentration of 150 g/kg of soil for one year in Western Siberia using microbiological preparations and earthworms was developed. Earthworms have great potential for removing hydrocarbons from the soil, even at high concentrations up to 100 g/kg. The introduction of microbiological preparations increased the survival and reproductive potential of worms in oil-contaminated soils and contributed to a significant reduction in the concentration of hydrocarbons of fuel oil for 20–22 weeks in the laboratory and field experiment. These results suggest that earthworms are effective in bioremediation of even very contaminated soils with a concentration of fuel oil up to 100 g/kg when combined with microbiological preparations containing cultures of bacteria Paenibacillus pabuli, Azotobacter vinelandii, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium limosum, Cronobacter sakazakii, Rhodorulla mucilaginosa, Cryptococcus albidus, yeast Saccharomyces, Candida lipolitica, Candida norvegensis, Candida guilliermondii, fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium as well as actinomycetales. (CFU )=2*1011 microorganisms per ml a method of remediation of oil-contaminated soils with fuel oil content up to 150 g/kg by microorganisms (lactic acid, nitrogen-fixing, photosynthetic bacteria) and earthworms Eisenia andrei is Proposed. A method for cleaning and restoring the environmental functions of substrates contaminated with fuel oil and other petroleum products, was that the substrate was treated with biologics, carried out dump soil treatment and steamed for one month, then introduced earthworms in an amount of 1000 PCs./m2, as a nutrient medium used cattle manure (cattle) in a dose of 1 t/ ha of contaminated landfill.