bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lewis acids immobilized in ionic liquid – application for the acetal synthesis
Authors: Janus Ewa
Published: September 2013

Catalytic systems composed of metal chloride (InCl3, ScCl3, YCl3, YbCl3, LaCl3, BiCl3, ZnCl3 and CuCl3) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide, [C1C4Pyrr][NTf2] as ionic liquid were prepared. Catalytic activity of all the systems were compared in acetalization reaction between cyclohexanone and triethyl orthoformate. 1,1-Diethoxycyclohexane were formed with high yield and the selectivity at 0°C within 5 minutes. Selected metal chlorides immobilized in ionic liquid were recycled 5 times without a decrease in their activities
Removal of lindane from wastewater using liquid-liquid extraction process
Authors: Patil Indrasing D. , Patil Yogita S. , Pangarkar Bhausaheb L.
Published: September 2013

Pesticide pollution is a serious problem being faced. Harmful levels of pesticides are found in the water which is used for daily purposes. In the event of such a scenario, this paper presents a working solution for bringing down the Pesticide levels in the water to safe levels by using the method of liquid-liquid extraction. The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium data on pesticide-water-solvent ternary mixtures at a temperature of 288.15 K are presented here. The pesticide used here is a chlorinated hydrocarbon called lindane found in the water (underground, land), beverages and foods. The solvents used are Petro-ether-Chloroform (1:1), Ethylene di chloride and n-hexane. The equilibrium generation diagram, triangular diagram, tie lines and bimodal curves as well as the distribution coefficient have been determined and reported. The petro-ether-chloroform was found to be the right solvent for the separation of lindane from wastewater because of high selectivity (25.36) and distribution coefficient (4). The extraction process is simulated into ‘C’ language
The influence of the monsoon climate on phytoplankton in the Shibpukur pool of Shiva temple in Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Keshri Jai Prakash , Ghosh Subhabrata , Sikdar Jayanta
Published: September 2013

A total of 44 taxa were observed in monthly sampled phytoplankton of the Shibpukur pool in Burdwan, West Bengal between March, 2010 and February, 2011. The most abundant taxa belong to Charophyta, followed by cyanobacteria, diatoms and euglenoids. Bio-indication shows that the pool community preferred low alkaline, low mineralized and low organically polluted water. The total phytoplankton density showed its maximum values in May, 2010. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index and the Pielou evenness value were found to be highest during the post-monsoon season. The Simpson dominance index and the Margalef index of richness were highest in the pre-monsoon season. The total phytoplankton density showed a highly significant positive correlation with pH and salinity and significant positive correlation with air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids. Among the reported 44 phytoplankton taxa only 3 showed a random distributional pattern. The Bray-Curtis Cluster analysis and the comparative statistics reveal two groups of phytoplankton assemblages in respect to the monsoon seasons. The successive communities form a continuum corresponding to Colwell’s Constancy (C) category. The calculated indices, CCA, and bio-indication analysis exhibit a low pollution level in the Shibpukur pool that can be used as a model of aquatic community dynamics under seasonal fluctuation in the monsoon climate, applicable for monitoring of water bodies in the West Bengal Province
Water exchange of three shallow Łęczna-Włodawa Lakes
Authors: Ferencz Beata , Dawidek Jarosław
Published: September 2013

The research was carried out in three Łęczna-Włodawa lake-catchment systems, during the hydrological years 2007-2009. The observed lakes varied in terms of basin morphometry and catchment features. The hydrological functioning of the lakes resulted from three main factors: 1) storage capacity of the lake basin, 2) catchment area and relief, 3) human impact on water distribution. The vertical water exchange ratio in Lake Sumin was almost four-times higher than flushing time. In Lakes Rotcze and Syczyńskie horizontal water exchange, presented as flushing time was significantly higher than the vertical one.
Evaluation of trophic level of the largest dimictic lakes of western Pomerania based on the Carlson criteria
Authors: Kubiak Jacek , Machula Sylwia , Stepanowska Katarzyna , Biernaczyk Marcin
Published: September 2013

: Between the years 1970-2010, using the Carlson model criteria, the rate of eutrophication and trophic level of the largest dimictic lakes of Western Pomerania were studied. It was found that during the testing period, Lake Ińsko Duże was a mesotrophic reservoir, and Lakes Wądół, Będzin and Ińsko Małe were characterized by a highly advanced eutrophy. Lakes Woświn, Morzycko, Krzemień, Chłop Duży and Jelenin had borderline characteristics between being mesotrophic and eutrophic, while Lakes Narost, Chłop Mały and Wisala were typically eutrophic reservoirs. During the study, changes in the trophic level of Lakes Ińsko Duże and Morzycko and Woświn were noted. The first of the reservoirs listed had the best water quality in the second half of the 1990s, during which time the other two lakes had the worst water quality, taking into account the whole study period. Such changes were not observed in the other reservoirs examined.
Accuracy of 2 Activity Monitors in Detecting Steps in People With Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fulk George D. , Combs Stephanie A. , Danks Kelly A. , Nirider Coby D. , Raja Bhavana , Reisman Darcy S.
Published: September 2013

Background

Advances in sensor technologies and signal processing techniques provide a method to accurately measure walking activity in the home and community. Activity monitors geared toward consumer or patient use may be an alternative to more expensive monitors designed for research to measure stepping activity.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of 2 consumer/patient activity monitors, the Fitbit Ultra and the Nike+ Fuelband, in identifying stepping activity in people with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondarily, the study sought to compare the accuracy of these 2 activity monitors with that of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) and a pedometer, the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-701 pedometer (YDWP).

Design

A cross-sectional design was used for this study.

Method

People with chronic stroke and TBI wore the 4 activity monitors while they performed the Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), during which they were videotaped. Activity monitor estimated steps taken were compared with actual steps taken counted from videotape. Accuracy and agreement between activity monitor estimated steps and actual steps were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) and the Bland-Altman method.

Results

The SAM demonstrated the greatest accuracy (ICC [2,1]=.97, mean difference between actual steps and SAM estimated steps=4.7 steps) followed by the Fitbit Ultra (ICC [2,1]=.73, mean difference between actual steps and Fitbit Ultra estimated steps=−9.7 steps), the YDWP (ICC [2,1]=.42, mean difference between actual steps and YDWP estimated steps=−28.8 steps), and the Nike+ Fuelband (ICC [2,1]=.20, mean difference between actual steps and Nike+ Fuelband estimated steps=−66.2 steps).

Limitations

Walking activity was measured over a short distance in a closed environment, and participants were high functioning ambulators, with a mean gait speed of 0.93 m/s.

Conclusions

The Fitbit Ultra may be a low-cost alternative to measure the stepping activity in level, predictable environments of people with stroke and TBI who can walk at speeds ≥0.58 m/s.
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle: a case report
Authors: Dhungel K , Ahmad K , Sah PL , Gupta MK , Rauniyar RK , Ansari S , Adhikary S
Published: September 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8687 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-3, 43-46
Workplace Learning in Veterinary Education: A Sociocultural Perspective
Authors: Scholz Emma , Trede Franziska , Raidal Sharanne L.
Published: September 2013

Veterinary practice is a broad sphere of professional activity encompassing clinical activity and other vocational opportunities conducted in rapidly changing contemporary social conditions. Workplace learning is an important but resource-intensive component of educating students for practice. This conceptual article argues that literature on workplace learning in the veterinary context is dominated by descriptive accounts and that there is a dearth of theoretically informed research on this topic. Framing veterinary practice as a social, relational, and discursive practice supports the use of workplace learning theories developed from a sociocultural perspective. Situated learning theory, with its associated concepts of communities of practice and legitimate peripheral participation, and workplace learning theory focused on workplace affordances and learner agency are discussed. Two composite examples of student feedback from veterinary clinical learning illustrate the concepts, drawing out such themes as the roles of teachers and learners and the assessment of integrated practice. The theoretical perspective described in this article can be used to inform development of models of workplace learning in veterinary clinical settings; relevant examples from medical education are presented.
Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with devastating intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Huang Christina , Rizk Elias , Iantosca Mark , Zaenglein Andrea L. , Helm Klaus F. , Choudhary Arabinda K. , Dias Mark S.
Published: September 2013

An in utero female was found to have a small hemorrhage at the foramen of Monro, hydrocephalus, and what was originally interpreted as a Dandy-Walker variant. At birth she had macrocephaly and numerous cutaneous, multifocal, red-pink blanchable macules. Postnatal MRI demonstrated a hemorrhagic soft-tissue mass involving the upper brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia most consistent with in utero complex multifocal intracranial hemorrhage. The skin lesions were thought to be consistent with multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia (MLT). The size and location of the hemorrhage precluded operative intervention, although the hydrocephalus was treated with a ventricular shunt. The child continues to have severe developmental delays. Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia is a multifocal vascular disorder most commonly involving the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Intracranial hemorrhages are rare in this context. This case is the third reported instance of MLT with associated intracranial hemorrhage and the only case described in the neurosurgical literature. The authors review the presenting features and pathophysiology of this condition.
Maturation-dependent response of neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury in children
Authors: Taylor Sabrina R. , Smith Colin , Harris Brent T. , Costine Beth A. , Duhaime Ann-Christine
Published: September 2013

Object

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of acquired disability in children, yet innate repair mechanisms are incompletely understood. Given data from animal studies documenting neurogenesis in response to trauma and other insults, the authors investigated whether similar responses could be found in children of different ages after TBI.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to label doublecortin (DCX), a protein expressed by immature migrating neuroblasts (newborn neurons), in specimens from patients ranging in age from 3 weeks to 10 years who had died either after TBI or from other causes. Doublecortin-positive (DCX+) cells were examined in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and periventricular white matter (PWM) and were quantified within the granule cell layer (GCL) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus to determine if age and/or injury affect the number of DCX+ cells in these regions.

Results

The DCX+ cells decreased in the SVZ as patient age increased and were found in abundance around a focal subacute infarct in a 1-month-old non-TBI patient, but were scarce in all other patients regardless of age or history of trauma. The DCX+ cells in the PWM and dentate gyrus demonstrated a migratory morphology and did not co-localize with markers for astrocytes, microglia, or macrophages. In addition, there were significantly more DCX+ cells in the GCL and SGZ of the dentate gyrus in children younger than 1 year old than in older children. The density of immature migrating neuroblasts in infants (under 1 year of age) was significantly greater than in young children (2–6 years of age, p = 0.006) and older children (7–10 years of age, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

The main variable influencing the number of migrating neuroblasts observed in the SVZ, PWM, and hippocampus was patient age. Trauma had no discernible effect on the number of migrating neuroblasts in this cohort of patients in whom death typically occurred within hours to days after TBI.
Limited Impact of 2 g/day Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (Omacor®) on Plasma Lipids and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Awaiting Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Yusof Hayati , Cawood Abbie , Ding Ren , Williams Jennifer , Napper Frances , Shearman Clifford , Grimble Robert , Payne Simon , Calder Philip
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of prescription omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid ethyl esters (Omacor®) on blood pressure, plasma lipids, and inflammatory marker concentrations in patients awaiting carotid endarterectomy. Patients awaiting carotid endarterectomy (n = 121) were randomised to Omacor® or olive oil as placebo (2 g/day) until surgery (median 21 days). Blood pressure, plasma lipids, and plasma inflammatory markers were determined. There were significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 concentrations, in both groups. The extent of triglyceride lowering was greater with Omacor® (25%) compared with placebo (9%). Soluble E-selectin concentration was significantly decreased in the Omacor® group but increased in the placebo group. At the end of the supplementation period there were no differences in blood pressure or in plasma lipid and inflammatory marker concentrations between the two groups. It is concluded that Omacor® given at 2 g/day for an average of 21 days to patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis lowers triglycerides and soluble E-selectin concentrations, but has limited broad impact on the plasma lipid profile or on inflammatory markers. This may be because the duration of intervention was too short or the dose of n-3 fatty acids was too low.
Les trois fondations d'Abdère
Authors: Chryssanthaki-Nagle Katerina
Published: September 2013

Herodotus and Strabon attest two main foundation phases for Abdera : the colony of Clazomenians and the colony of Teians. The excavation campaign on the site of Abdera has localised the two colonies and revealed a third phase of occupation not attested in the ancient littérature. The study of excavation coins testified that the new city started to be built by the coast during the reign of Philip II. As member of the new alliance of the macedonian king, this new Abdera, bigger and better urbanized, has never adopted the macedonian institutions, but kept on being a city of ionian origin with an important civic coinage. The epigraphical documents indicate that the relations maintained between the mother city and the colony were kept strong during their long history. The important coinage of Abdera, sharing with the coinage of Teos the same monetary type for the observe, the griffin, started to be struck a little earlier than this of her mother-city.
Les mythes dans les principaux discours aux villes de Dion Chrysostome : une approche de la notion d'hellénisme
Authors: Gangloff Anne
Published: September 2013

Among the main speeches to the cities, the oration to the Rhodians (XXXI), the oration to the Alexandrians (XXXII), the two Tarsians (XXXIII, XXXIV) and the oration delivered at Kelainai all have in common to deal with the problem of hellenism under different angles. This work tries and approaches this notion through myths which, thanks to their major role within the paideia, stand as a most favoured means. The study of the distribution of myths according to the context of the different speeches first and foremost allows to bring out an essential fonction : that of a political usage on a general level. The choice of the myths — and particularly the fact of rejecting some of them — shows that Dio resorts to them as mirrors of his audience. This shall lead us to take into account the question of hellenic identity as regards greek racism on the one hand and fitting moral standards on the other.
Les partenariats stratégiques au service d'un nouveau paradigme énergétique : le cas des réseaux électriques intelligents
Authors: Leboulanger Christine , Perdrieu-Maudière Françoise
Published: September 2013

Le recours à des réseaux électriques intelligents (smart grids) est une des solutions à l’intégration des sources d’énergie alternatives moins polluantes et renouvelables. L’incorporation de technologies nouvelles comme celle des supraconducteurs implique une remise en cause du modèle d’affaires traditionnel de l’industrie électrique. La dimension mondiale des défis à relever impose une collaboration internationale pour les expérimentations in situ . L’analyse des partenariats révèle le comportement stratégique d’acteurs d’un domaine au stade pré compétitif avancé préfigurant un nouveau paradigme.
Innover via la rupture avec les modèles d'affaires dominants : Le cas Custime
Authors: Kallel Ilia Taktak
Published: September 2013

À travers l’étude du cas d’une start-up du Web 2.0, l’article cerne les principaux facteurs explicatifs du design initial d’un modèle d’affaires et de ses requalifications. L’étude révèle notamment que la démarche relève d’un exercice discursif, effectual et largement empreint du projet et des représentations de son initiateur, mais dont la formalisation et l’annonce encastrent l’entreprise dans une posture difficilement réversible. L’article met en avant le caractère décisif de la réflexion initiale ainsi que la nécessité de concevoir et faire évoluer le modèle dans un subtil équilibre entre intuition, divergence (créativité) et convergence avec les attentes des parties prenantes les plus pourvoyeuses de légitimité dans l’activité.
La participation politique : nouvelles dimensions, nouveaux problèmes
Authors: Duran Patrice , Truong Fabien
Published: September 2013

Longtemps, la participation politique est restée identifiée au seul taux de participation annoncé lors des soirées électorales. De nouvelles formes sont apparues ou simplement revendiquées qui ont pour nom démocratie participative, débat public, démarches citoyennes... et visent à assurer une meilleure présence des citoyens dans les circuits de la décision publique. Une telle actualité assure incontestablement un regain de vitalité à un thème de recherche déjà ancien, mais fortement investi jusque-là par la sociologie électorale. En attestent tout à la fois la constitution d’un groupement d’intérêt scientifique (GIS[1]) réunissant l’ensemble des équipes de recherche concernées et la création en 2011 d’une nouvelle revue, Participations [2]. L’extension du champ à d’autres préoccupations que la seule élection est toutefois le signe de l’affirmation d’une conception elle-même renouvelée du pouvoir politique. [1]Pour plus d’informations, on peut aisément consulter le site du GIS Participation du public, décision, démocratie participative : http://www.participation-et-democratie.fr. [2] Participations, revue de sciences sociales sur la démocratie et la citoyenneté , Paris, Éditions de Boeck, http://www.revue-participations.fr.
La démocratie par la délibération ?
Authors: Girard Charles
Published: September 2013

Aux théories concevant la vie démocratique sur le modèle du marché, le paradigme de la « démocratie délibérative » oppose une vision fondée sur le modèle du forum, qui associe la citoyenneté non seulement au vote et à l’agrégation des préférences individuelles des citoyens, mais aussi et surtout au débat public et au contexte dans lequel se forment ces préférences individuelles. L’affrontement public des opinions et des raisons politiques peut-il assurer le caractère démocratique des régimes contemporains ?
L'empowerment, un nouveau vocabulaire pourparler de participation ?
Authors: Bacqué Marie-Hélène , Biewener Carole
Published: September 2013

La notion d’ empowerment a fait récemment son entrée en France sous la plume de chercheurs travaillant sur la participation mais aussi de travailleurs sociaux et de la santé. À un moment où les évaluations sur les expériences françaises de participation apparaissent très contrastées, comme interpréter la diffusion de ce vocabulaire anglo-saxon ? Faut-il y voir un simple effet de mode pour un nouveau « mot-valise » ? Une nouvelle perspective pour penser la démocratie participative ? Que peut apporter cette importation dans le contexte hexagonal ?
ARTICLE RETIRÉ : Le cens caché
Authors: Gaxie Daniel
Published: September 2013

Dans cet article devenu classique, Daniel Gaxie résume la thèse développée dans son ouvrage du même nom 2 . À savoir que l’instauration du suffrage universel ne suffit pas à assurer un fonctionnement réellement démocratique des institutions politiques. L’intérêt pour la chose publique et surtout le sentiment de légitimité pour s’exprimer à son égard impliquent en effet de détenir certaines compétences permettant d’en saisir les enjeux. Un rappel qui n’a rien perdu de sa pertinence... et constitue en passant un utile plaidoyer pour l’enseignement des SES !
L'invention du chômage
Authors: Reynaud Bénédicte
Published: September 2013

Cet article étudie la construction de la catégorie statistique de chômage à la fin du xix e  siècle dans différents pays d’Europe dont la France. En France, la grande innovation du recensement de 1896 est de ne poser la question qu’aux salariés, c’est-à-dire à ceux qui travaillent sous l’autorité d’un patron. Ce principe a pour conséquence de soustraire à la statistique du chômage les ouvriers à domicile et les salariés à emploi irrégulier qui sont sans ouvrage.
2. Discriminations à l'embauche : quelle ampleur, quelles solutions ?
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas
Published: September 2013

La discrimination à l’embauche est aujourd’hui bien comprise, grâce aux travaux qui en mesurent l’ampleur et les causes à partir d’envois contrôlés de candidatures fictives. Ces résultats confirment que la discrimination constitue un handicap majeur pour les candidats issus de l’immigration : près de 40 % de chances en moins d’être convoqués à un entretien d’embauche. Mais loin de refléter une simple défiance à l’égard des individus issus de l’immigration, ces discriminations s’expliquent aussi largement par la difficulté pour un employeur à anticiper les caractéristiques d’un candidat issu d’un groupe différent du sien. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à des nouveaux instruments de lutte contre les discriminations, qui consistent à améliorer l’information disponible sur les compétences du candidat.
3. Chômage et vie en couple : quelles relations ?
Authors: Solaz Anne
Published: September 2013

Cet article établit un bilan des études économiques sur le lien entre le chômage et la vie en couple. Il questionne les relations bidirectionnelles qui peuvent exister au niveau microéconomique et macroéconomique. Le chômage affecte la vie de couple. Il retarde sa formation, modifie la division du travail au sein de la famille, et augmente le risque de dissolution. Les effets sont plus marqués pour les hommes. Inversement, une rupture conjugale a tendance à augmenter le risque de chômage. Les caractéristiques inobservées peuvent expliquer beaucoup des corrélations observées et le prochain enjeu des recherches économiques sur ce sujet est d’arriver à démêler les causes des effets.
4. Politiques de l'emploi : pourquoi ça ne marche pas ?
Authors: L’Horty Yannick
Published: September 2013

Alors qu’une politique de l’emploi est un ensemble cohérent d’actions visant à lutter contre le chômage, à soutenir la création d’emplois ou le maintien des emplois existants, celles qui ont été menées en France semblent être dans l’incapacité à atteindre cet objectif. Dans un contexte de crise longue, de forte contrainte budgétaire et d’inefficacité croissante des politiques de l’emploi, on peut s’interroger sur l’opportunité de surajouter de nouveaux dispositifs, d’empiler les réformes, sans considérer de façon globale l’architecture des mesures existantes.
5. L'ajustement de l'emploi durant la crise dans huit grands pays industrialisés
Authors: Gilles Christel , Nicolaï Jean-Paul
Published: September 2013

La recherche comparative a beaucoup abordé le thème des réactions des marchés du travail au cours de la crise actuelle. Le « miracle allemand » (faible ajustement de l’emploi) et, plus généralement, les stratégies de flexibilité interne visant à contenir les pertes d’emplois (rétention de la main-d’œuvre) ont été analysées à la lumière à la fois des caractéristiques des marchés du travail nationaux (en utilisant les spécifications économétriques) et des politiques publiques mises en place pendant la crise. Une grande partie de ces recherches conclut à un large éventail de mécanismes d’ajustement de l’emploi. Dans cet article, nous utilisons des spécifications économétriques classiques d’analyse de l’emploi et présentons une lecture globale et comparée des évolutions macrosectorielles et de l’ajustement de l’emploi dans huit pays industrialisés au cours d’une période s’achevant en 2011. Nous comparons les performances des marchés du travail pendant la crise entre pays mais aussi entre secteurs d’activité. Cette approche permet de mieux cerner les dynamiques d’emploi qui s’écartent de leurs tendances structurelles ainsi que leurs principaux déterminants. Elle donne également une vision plus globale des défis actuels auxquels font face la plupart des pays industrialisés sur le front de l’emploi. L’article conclut sur la réponse en termes de politique publique et les compromis à arrêter dans un tel contexte de crise.
10. Refonder le droit social par la négociation collective : que faire ?
Authors: Barthelemy Jacques , Cette Gilbert
Published: September 2013

Le droit social français se caractérise par un haut niveau de rigidité préjudiciable à la performance macroéconomique du pays. Pour impérieux qu’il soit, le nécessaire assouplissement de la réglementation ne peut s’opérer au détriment du rôle protecteur du droit social. Plutôt que pour une réduction du champ dévolu au droit réglementaire, il convient de plaider pour une substitution progressive du droit conventionnel à celui-ci. L’Accord national interprofessionnel du 11 janvier 2013 s’inscrit dans cette logique tant par son contenu que par la méthode transpartisane mise en œuvre. Il propose des avancées importantes, susceptibles de concilier protection des travailleurs et efficacité économique. Il s’agit cependant d’une première étape d’une refondation du droit social qui en développerait à la fois la fonction protectrice et l’efficacité économique.
11. L'avenir de l'assurance-chômage en question...
Authors: Landais Camille
Published: September 2013

Les individus ne peuvent pas s’assurer totalement par eux-mêmes contre le risque « chômage » du fait des imperfections du marché du crédit, de la rationalité limitée et de l’existence de risques macroéconomiques : d’où la nécessité d’une assurance-chômage publique. Cette assurance publique a un coût : plus les indemnités sont généreuses, moins les chômeurs sont incités à chercher très activement un nouvel emploi. Mais elle a aussi des bénéfices : éviter que la perte de revenu liée à la perte d’emploi ne donne lieu à une chute brutale de la consommation. Le montant optimal de l’assurance-chômage et sa durée optimale doivent équilibrer les coûts liés à l’aléa moral et les avantages liés à l’effet de liquidité. Par ailleurs, des travaux récents montrent qu’en période de crise, le nombre limité d’offres d’emploi modifie l’aléa moral habituel. Des externalités de recherche d’emploi sont à prendre en compte et nous invitent à penser que l’assurance-chômage devrait être contracyclique, c’est-à-dire qu’on modulerait la durée d’indemnisation en fonction du cycle économique. Cela pourrait être la base d’une assurance-chômage européenne que l’auteur appelle de ses vœux.
12. Inégalités d'accès et inefficacité : à quand une réforme de la formation professionnelle ?
Authors: Ferracci Marc
Published: September 2013

La formation professionnelle des adultes suscite de nombreuses attentes en matière de sécurisation des parcours individuels et de compétitivité des entreprises. Pourtant, les évaluations empiriques enseignent que la formation n’est pas le remède à l’ensemble des problèmes du marché du travail. En France, ces dysfonctionnements sont amplifiés par des mécanismes de financement de la formation qu’il est nécessaire de réformer, pour faire de celle-ci un véritable outil de lutte contre le chômage.
Characterization and conceptualization of a relict Karst aquifer (Bilecik, Turkey)
Authors: Aydin Harun , EkmekÇi Mehmet , Soylu Mehmet Evren
Published: September 2013

The carbonate rocks in Turkey have different hydrogeological properties as a result of controlling karstification factors, such as lithostratigraphy, source of energy gradient, tectonic activity, type of erosion base, fluctuation in sea level, and climate change in their extended areas. This study was undertaken for the characterization and conceptualization of the hydrogeological behavior of a unique example of the dissected relict karst aquifer, which is known as the Harmanköy-Beyyayla Karst System (HBKS) in Central Turkey. In order to obtain the conceptualization of the HBKS, properties of recharge, flow, storage, and discharge was analyzed. The contribution of allogenic-point recharge to the Beyyayla and Döşkaya aquifers occurs from the Beyyayla and Tozman sinkhole with approximately 85% of total recharge. The rest of the recharge takes place as autogenic-diffuse/point type from the limestone rock-mass. The recharge on the Nardın aquifer originates from direct precipitation onto the limestone area mainly as autogenic-diffuse and, to lesser extent, as autogenic-point. Groundwater flow occurs as conduit flow at the Beyyayla and Döşkaya aquifers and as dispersed flow at the Nardın aquifer. The evaluation of all parameters shows that the HBKS can be divided into three distinct sub-catchments, namely, the Beyyayla, Döşkaya, and Nardın, while it has two different hydrogeological system so Beyyayla and Döşkaya have similar characteristics.
Biologically influenced stalagmites in Niah and Mulu caves (Sarawak, Malaysia)
Authors: Dodge-Wan Dominique , Deng Hui Min Angela
Published: September 2013

There are two significant karst regions in northern Sarawak (Malaysia): Niah and Mulu. Both are famous worldwide for their well developed caves. Here we document the presence of over twenty unusual stalagmites in six cave entrances in these two regions. One of the stalagmites has been previously described as a crayback stalagmite (Lundberg and McFarlane 2011) and they all show indications of biological influence. Our study aimed to establish the locations within the cave entrances where these stalagmites are present and to provide a preliminary overview of the stalagmite forms. The environment, and especially availability and direction of light, was also studied at several sites. Surface scrapings were examined for the presence of cyanobacteria. The morphology of the unusual stalagmites is variable and includes forms that are elongated and crayback-like and others that show features not previously described in craybacks: flat tops, bulbous protuberances, phototropic rims, irregular grooves and ridges and oriented coralloid growth. Several of these features are not found in abiotic stalagmites and suggest biological control. The findings of light surveys confirm that certain features of the stalagmites are phototropically controlled. Filamentous cyanobacteria with calcified sheaths and coccoid cyanobacteria are present. We propose that this diverse group of stalagmite be named “tufaceous stalagmite” of which craybacks are thought to be a sub-group.
Early results of micro-deformation measurements in Magdalena Jama (Slovenia) by a vertical static pendulum
Authors: Kalenda Pavel , Neumann Libor , Šebela Stanka
Published: September 2013

Vertical static pendulums have been installed in mines or caves in Central Europe since 2007. Two-dimensional optical measurement of the tilt of a rock mass and continuous fully digital on-line evaluation of results makes possible the detection of a small tilt of the surroundings with a resolution of tens of nanoradians or the deformation of the surroundings in the horizontal plane with resolution of hundreds of nanometres. The paper describes the measurement device and the first results of the measurements in Magdalena Jama, which is part of the Postojna Cave System (Slovenia). The correlation of deformation between distant stations shows the existence of stress variations that are not only of local origin (high floods, local seismicity, and aseismic deformations). The stress field has a wider, and not only regional, character with effects that can be observed very far from the origin.
Automatic detection and delineation of karst terrain depressions and its application in geomorphological mapping and morphometric analysis
Authors: Pardo-Igúzquiza Eulogio , Durán Valsero Juan José , Dowd Peter A.
Published: September 2013

Digital elevation models (DEM) are digital representations of topography that are especially suitable for numerical terrain analysis in earth sciences and engineering. One of the main quantitative uses of DEM is the automatic delineation of flow networks and watersheds in hydrology and geomorphology. In these applications (using both low-resolution and precision DEM) depressions hinder the inference of pathways and a lot of work has been done in designing algorithms that remove them so as to generate depression-free digital elevation models with no interruptions to flow. There are, however, geomorphological environments, such as karst terrains, in which depressions are singular elements, on scales ranging from centimetres to kilometres, which are of intrinsic interest. The detection of these depressions is of significant interest in geomorphologic mapping because the development of large depressions is normal in karst terrains: potholes, blind valleys, dolines, uvalas and poljes. The smallest depressions that can be detected depend on the spatial resolution (pixel size) of the DEM. For example, depressions from centimetres to a few metres, such as some types of karren, cannot be detected if the raster digital elevation model has a spatial resolution greater than, say, 5 m (i.e., square 5m pixel). In this work we describe a method for the automatic detection and delineation of terrain depressions. First, we apply a very efficient algorithm to remove pits from the DEM. The terrain depressions are then obtained by subtracting the depression-free DEM from the original DEM. The final product is a digital map of depressions that facilitates the calculation of morphometric features such as the geometry of the depressions, the mean depth of the depressions, the density of depressions across the study area and the relationship between depressions and other variables such as altitude. The method is illustrated by applying it to data from the Sierra de las Nieves karst massif in the province of Málaga in Southern Spain. This is a carbonate aquifer that is drained by three main springs and in which the depressions play an important role in the recharge of the aquifer. A doline density map, produced from a map of 324 detected dolines/uvalas, identifies three main recharge areas of the three springs. Other morphometric results related to the size and direction of the dolines are also presented. Finally the dolines can be incorporated into a geomorphology map.
Suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural and forest land for detecting land use change on the case of the Pomurska Statistical Region
Authors: Lisec Anka , Pišek Jernej , Drobne Samo
Published: September 2013

The article presents the results of suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural and forest land from the Slovenian ministry responsible for agriculture, for the purpose of land use change monitoring in Slovenia. To date, these data are the only systematically gathered data concerning land use in the country. For qualitative land use change detection, the metadata of land use datasets are of crucial importance. In the article, the changing criteria for land use data acquisition of agricultural and forest land are exposed. For the case of the Pomurska Statistical Region, the analysis of land use change has been conducted based on land use data of the agricultural ministry in the period 2002–2011. The main objective has been to provide the basic information on the quality of used datasets in order to assist the critical and correct interpretation and use of land use data of the agricultural sector.
Ivan Gams – terminologist, encyclopedist, biographer, and more
Authors: Kladnik Drago
Published: September 2013

In the second half of the twentieth century, Slovenian geography was characterized by gradual specialization and orientation of individuals into increasingly narrower areas of scholarly interest. Academy member Ivan Gams was no exception, focusing his research and teaching on karst studies. Throughout his work he preserved an exceptional research breadth, which is reflected in the wide variety of his contributions in all areas of physical geography; in addition, he also excelled as a regional geographer. His contributions in other areas of geography, which were by no means small, tend to pale in comparison. These reflect his constantly restless and critical research spirit, with which he helped shape Slovenia’s social developments in the recent past. Outside physical geography, Gams was primarily involved in studying geographical terms and names.
The Triglav Glacier between the years 1999 and 2012
Authors: Gabrovec Matej , Ortar Jaka , Pavšek Miha , Zorn Matija , Triglav Čekada Mihaela
Published: September 2013

The Triglav glacier is situated in the Julian Alps in the northwest of Slovenia. Presented are the results of investigations and measurements of the Triglav glacier done between the years 1999 and 2012. It was for the first time during this period that its depth was measured by means of georadar. Its area was measured on a yearly basis by means of various land surveying methods which are stated in detail. We explained the dynamics of the glacier’s shrinking on the grounds of weather conditions of each respective year. Due to the glacier’s concave form, snow in the past few years remained all until the late summer, particularly in the central and lower sections of the glacier. If such weather conditions continue, and the amount of winter precipitation further increases, the remainder of the Triglav glacier, though small in size, will continue to exist for a few years.
Natural hazards – some introductory thoughts
Authors: Komac Blaž , Zorn Matija , B. Gavrilov Milivoj , B. Marković Slobodan
Published: September 2013

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Is hail suppression useful in Serbia? – General review and new results
Authors: B. Gavrilov Milivoj , B. Marković Slobodan , Zorn Matija , Komac Blaž , Lukić Tin , Milošević Milan , Janićević Sava
Published: September 2013

Anthropogenic influence on weather has been increasingly published and discussed in the last decades. Climate changes caused by inadvertent anthropogenic influence are well underway. Hail suppression, which has been proven to have no influence on weather, will be considered in the article. Even though hail suppression as scientifically ungrounded activity seemed to promise certain success several decades ago, it has spread over the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia after abundant experience, when many developed countries have given up on this activity. Reasons will be presented for the senselessness of hail suppression based on the latest research. By processing all hail data from the territory of Serbia in the period from 1967 to 2010, it was found out that the hail trend is rising which is in contrary to expectations and previous claims that hail suppression decreases hail frequency.
Using natural disasters to instigate radical policy changes – the effect of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on nuclear energy policies
Authors: Milošević Zoran , Vesković Miroslav , B. Gavrilov Milivoj , Lukić Tin , B. Marković Slobodan
Published: September 2013

Natural disasters and their effects have evolved to reflect the complexities of the physical and human environments, and their interactions in the modern world. After the earthquake and the tsunami of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors in March 2011 activists, lobbyist and reporters were quick to expose nuclear technology and demand if not an immediate closure, than at least a gradual phasing out of nuclear power plants. Further research on topics such as the safety of nuclear power plants, the environmental and social effects of radioactive contamination, and the potential of nuclear energy as a world power source has a critical role in this ongoing debate in order to reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and continuing rise in national energy demands for providing powerful motivators in the search for alternative energy sources.
Enhancing territorial capital for developing mountain areas: the example of Trentino and its use of medicinal and aromatic plants
Authors: Bigaran Federico , Mazzola Astrid , Stefani Adriana
Published: September 2013

Today mountain areas are facing major economic challenges, due to depopulation, a lack of competitiveness and the impact of climate change. To combat this trend, it has been surmised that an integrated development approach based on innovation, cooperation between the public and private sectors and enhancement of the local cultural heritage could create new opportunities. The authors will report on SY_CULTour pilot project initiatives promoted by the Autonomous Province of Trento in cooperation with the Trentino Ecomuseums Network to promote the exploitation of medicinal and aromatic plants, using an integrated approach. A description of the starting up of the pilot project and interviews with those cultivating medicinal plants will be used to highlight innovative processes underway in the ecomuseum areas, in an attempt to show how the cultural heritage, landscape and environment could be integrated to encourage the economic development of mountain communities, as a strategic factor in sustainable development.
Study of the cracking of sandwich panels of plasterboard and rockwool
Authors: Alonso J. A. , Reyes E. , Gálvez J. C.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the study of plasterboard and rockwool sandwich panels cracking under flexural loading. These panels are usually used to perform interior partition walls and they frequently show cracking pathology due to excessive deflexion of the slabs. There are currently no reliable simulation models and experimental data for the study of this problem. This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed to characterize the fracture behaviour of sandwich panels and their individual components. In addition, the paper presents a cohesive model with embedded crack to simulate the fracture behaviour of the panel. Finally we present the results of tests for mixed mode fracture (tensile / shear) commercial panels and their behaviour is reproduced with the cohesive model proposed, yielding a good fit.
Towards Customer Knowledge Management (CKM)
Authors: Khasawneh Rawan , Alazzam Ameen
Published: September 2013

According to the knowledge-based perspective of the firm and as a result of the shift from industrial to knowledge revolution, knowledge is an important asset that can be used as a tool to achieve a firm’s strategic goals in an effective way in order to achieve sustainability, competitive advantage, and other long-term benefits. On the other hand, the adoption of the “customer is the king/queen” strategy makes organizations focus on the task of gathering information about their customers that can be used in providing those customers with continuous improvements utilizing a special type of Knowledge Management (KM) strategy. This chapter explores customer knowledge management and its general concepts including knowledge and customer relationship management. It also reviews several models of customer knowledge management proposed in the literature. Conclusions and proposed future work are also discussed.
Police Knowledge Management Strategy
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: September 2013

Policing is heavily dependent on information, intelligence, and knowledge. The amount of information police officers come in contact with in the course of their work is often astounding. With a more proactive and preventive approach to crime reduction, police forces have increasingly relied on information and knowledge and associated information technology in terms of knowledge management systems to improve their performance. Accordingly, the management of knowledge is a crucial aspect of police work to promote knowledge development and sharing. This chapter covers key aspects of the police knowledge management strategy, including intelligence for knowledge, management approaches, knowledge integration, knowledge categories, organizational structure, and organizational culture for knowledge management.
Knowledge Development and Protection as Competitive Advantage
Authors: Erickson G. Scott , Rothberg Helen N.
Published: September 2013

This chapter explores the different circumstances facing firms and industries regarding knowledge development and knowledge protection. Contrary to the view that more aggressive knowledge management aimed at knowledge development is good, the authors take a more balanced approach by weighing knowledge development potential against the increased vulnerability resulting from such assets being spread more widely. By identifying industries falling into different development and protection circumstances, they explore what knowledge characteristics (tacitness, complexity, specificity) might characterize those different circumstances. As a result, strategists will be better able to plan investments in knowledge management, in knowledge protection, and in competitive intelligence operations while scholars can better understand when and why to do so.