bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits of the SHC System on Publication Management and Promotion of Sports Actor Services
Authors: Adi Sapto , Fathoni Abi Fajar
Published: May 2022

Background: Publication and promotion of the profession as a sports actor has not been seen optimally. One that shows this is that it is difficult to find traces of the legality of the profession, its achievements, and its relationships. Some of these traces are very important to know because they can be a measure of the quality of services so that the public can determine the appropriate sports players to meet the needs of services in the field of sports. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an online system that makes it easier for the public to obtain information related to sports actors. As well as helping sports actors for the publication and promotion of their profession.
Objectives: The purpose of the research is to develop a Sport Human Connection (SHC) system that can help sports players for publication and promotion of their profession.
Methods: This research method uses research and development methods. The research subjects were sports actors (coaches, athletes, management of sports institutions, masseurs, and physiotherapists) as many as 60 people. The selection of research subjects was done randomly. The data collection technique was carried out by conducting a survey. The research instrument used closed and open questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative data analysis and narrative analysis.
Results: From the data obtained from the research subjects, it can be said that the SHC system has benefits for the publication and promotion of the profession of sports players with the support of features that display professional legality, achievements, relations, and communication features.
Conclusion: Looking at the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SHC system provides the benefits of publication and promotion of the profession of sports players.
Azithromycin Modulates Release of Steroid-Insensitive Cytokines from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kadushkin Aliaksei , Tahanovich Anatoli , Movchan Lyudmila , Talabayeva Elina , Plastinina Alena , Shman Tatiana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Oxidative stress reduces responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs). Azithromycin was shown to modulate corticosteroid resistance mechanisms in COPD patients. However, its ability to enhance anti-inflammatory properties of GCs on the production of cytokines by PBMCs has not well been elucidated. Material and Methods: Heparinised blood was collected from 27 patients with COPD. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators from PBMCs and production of intracellular cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in the presence or absence of 10 μg/mL azithromycin and 10 nM budesonide were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Results: Azithromycin decreased the secretion of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A from PBMCs, as well as the production of IL-4 and IL-8 by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The combination of azithromycin and budesonide suppressed inflammatory response by inhibition of IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) release from PBMCs and by reduction of the percentage of IL-4-, IL-8-, interferon γ- and tumor necrosis factor a-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The inhibitory effect of azithromycin combined with budesonide on IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-17A, TSLP production by PBMCs, as well as IL-4 and IL-8 production by T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was significantly greater than the effect of budesonide alone. Conclusions: Azithromycin in combination with budesonide enhances GC properties by inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood cells of COPD patients.
Efficacy Evaluation of Budesonide Nebulizer as an Adjunctive Medication in Post-Rain Asthma Acute Phase Attack
Authors: Nematollahi Ali Vefagh , Motamed Hassan , Masoumi Kambiz , Forouzan Arash , Nobakht Elnaz
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Bronchospasm attacks occur following syndromic rainfall and are increasing due to air pollution and need effective treatments. In this study, the effect of salbutamol nebulizer in comparison with salbutamol plus budesonide nebulizer in patients referred to the emergency department with dyspnea was investigated. Material and Methods: The trial study was conducted on 228 patients with dyspnea after the first rainfall in Ahvaz. Two groups of 114 patients have been randomly allocated. On the course of treatment, the first group received salbutamol plus budesonide nebulizer and the second group received salbutamol alone. In the experimental group, budesonide 0.5 mg with salbutamol was nebulized three times for 20 min. In all patients, 20, 40, and 60 min after the start of the intervention, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and vital signs of size were recorded and analyzed by SPSS and t-test. Results: Data revealed that there were significant differences between PEFR parameters of studied. Groups in minute 40 and 60 after intervention (p = 0.000001). There was better improvement.in PEFR values in minute 40 and 60 in budesonide plus salbutamol study group. There were no significant differences for FEV1 in minute 0, 20, 40, 60 between to studied group. Also there were no significant differences for borg dyspnea scale for minute 0 and 60 between two experimented group. Respiratory rates have significant differences in minutes 20, 40 after intervention and there was better improvement for salbutamol plus budesonide group rather than sulbutamol intervention group alone. (p = 0.001142). Conclusion: Experiment data revealed. that due to the significant difference between PEFR and increased FEV1 in the combination of the two drugs and due to the corticosteroid effects of budesonide in reducing and preventing inflammation and swelling of the lungs, nebulizer salbutamol + budesonide has better effects on moderate breath than in nebulizer salbutamol.
Diagnostic Yield of Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy in a Low Volume Center When Performed by Community Pulmonologists
Authors: Aftab Ghulam , Hamid Kewan , Frenia Douglas
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) may be used for evalua-tion of pulmonary nodules. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of ENB at a low volume center (0–4 cases per month), where the cases were performed by community pul-monologists neither trained in interventional pulmonology nor an expert in electromagnetic navi-gational bronchoscopy. The primary endpoint was to find the diagnostic yield of ENB at our center. A safety analysis was also performed to evaluate complications during the procedures. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of all the patients who had undergone ENB from January 2019 to January 2021 was performed. A total of 29 ENB procedures were performed during that time frame. Four ENB procedures were performed for fiducial placement and were not included in the study. Results: Diagnosis was made in 72% of patients (18 cases out of 25 cases). With the exception of a single pneumothorax, no other complications were found. Conclusions: In conclusion our study shows that ENB, performed at low volume center by physicians not formally trained in interven-tional pulmonology or considered as experts in the procedure, has a high diagnostic yield and a good safety profile. This study shows that ENB may be performed by community pulmonologists at low volume center with a diagnostic yield comparable to high volume centers. This will be help improve access of ENB to more patients.
Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate in the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jahangir Abdullah , Zia Zeeshan , Niazi Muhammad Rafay Khan , Sahra Syeda , Jahangir Ahmad , Sharif Muhammad Ans , Chalhoub Michel N.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Magnesium sulfate has been extensively used to treat asthma exacerbations, but its efficacy remains questionable in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate in COPD. A systemic review search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Central Cochrane Registry. Randomized clinical trials were included with magnesium sulfate as an intervention arm in the COPD population. Materials and Methods: For continuous variables, standardized mean difference (SMD) and difference in means (MD) were calculated. For discrete variables, the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) odds ratio was used. For effect sizes, a confidence interval of 95% was used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance. Analysis was done using both random and fixed effect models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic. Results: Seven studies were included in the final analysis. In patients with acute exacerbations of COPD treated with IV magnesium, a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) was observed (MD = 2.537 [0.717 to 4.357], p = 0.006), as well as in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (SMD = 1.073 [0.748 to 1.397], p < 0.001) using the fixed model. Similarly, residual volume decreased significantly in the IV magnesium group (MD = –0.470 [–0.884 to –0.056], p = 0.026). The hospitalization rate was also lower in the magnesium group, (MH odds ratio 0.453 [0.233 to 0.882], p = 0.020). No statistically significant difference was noted in FEV₁ in the stable COPD population. Conclusion: IV magnesium was associated with a favorable deviation of FEV1 and PEFR, decreased residual volume, and decreased odds of admission in the COPD exacerbation population. Therefore, magnesium sulfate can be used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD.
Comparability of Portable and Desktop Spirometry: A Randomized, Parallel Assignment, Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Boros Piotr Wiktor , Maciejewski Adrian , Nowicki Michał Maciej , Wesołowski Stefan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Portable spirometers are often perceived as inaccurate. We aimed to evaluate the performance of AioCare®, a new portable spirometer, by comparing it with a reference desktop spirometer. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients diagnosed with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease performed spirometry examinations on a portable and the reference spirometer. The patients were randomized to two groups with different order, in which the spirometers were used. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV₁/FVC rate were compared. Results: The study revealed a high correlation in FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC and PEF between portable and reference spirometers. The mean differences between measurements obtained from the AioCare® and reference spirometer were: 0.0079 liter for FEV₁ (p = 0.61), 0.05 liter for FVC (p = 0.14), 5.1 liter/min for PEF (p = 0.28) and –0.0034 for FEV₁/FVC rate (p = 0.54). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed high association of FEV₁ (R = 0.994; 95% CI: 0.990–0.997; p < 0.001), FVC (R = 0.984; 95% CI: 0.974–0.990; p < 0.001), PEF (R = 0.965; 95% CI: 0.942–0.979; p < 0.001), and FEV₁/FVC (R = 0.954; 95% CI: 0.924–0.972; p < 0.001) readings from both spirometers. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the portable spirometer produces largely similar readings to those obtained by a stationary spirometer in patients with chronic lung diseases, and therefore it may serve as a complementary tool in daily, remote management of patients with lung diseases.
Intelligent Volume Assured Pressure Support (iVAPS) vs. Spontaneous/Timed Mode as a Weaning Strategy for Intubated COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Salama Suzan , Mohamed-Hussein Aliaë , Magdy Doaa , Hashem Sarah
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is applied to facilitate weaning process and decrease complications associated with prolonged intubation. Interest has emerged in using Intelligent Volume Assured Pressure Support (iVAPS) to facilitate earlier removal of an endotracheal tube. Material and methods: This study was conducted to compare the effective-ness of iVAPS versus standard Spontaneous/timed (S/T) mode in facilitating weaning process of mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in acute exacerbation. In a prospective randomized study, 80 invasively ventilated COPD patients in acute exacerbations were extubated then immediate application of NPPV using either S/T mode (Group I) or iVAPS mode (Group II) was done. Clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood gas param-eters at selected time intervals of treatment were recorded for both groups and analyzed. Results: No significant differences were found between both groups regarding age, sex, mMRC dyspnea scale, CAT score and APACHE II score. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure in the two groups decreased with time, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. Likewise, there was no significant difference in RR between S/T and iVAPS groups. Regarding ar-terial blood gas analysis, there were no detectable differences in PaCO2 level, PaO2 level or oxygen saturation. The successful outcome was achieved in (82.5%) in the S/T group vs (80%) in the iVAPS group. The two modes achieved comparable levels of comfort as assessed by VAS and the total Mask Fitness Score. There was no statistically significant difference in reintubation, the duration of NPPV, duration of ICU stay or in mortality rate. Conclusion: iVAPS mode is as effective as fixed-pressure S/T mode in facilitating weaning of hypercapnic COPD patients.
Emotional Distress Among Health Professionals Involved in Care of Inpatients with COVID-19: A Survey Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jalandra Ram , Shahul Aneesa , Asfahan Shahir , Garg M.K. , Nebhinani Naresh , Dutt Naveen , Chauhan Nishant , Swami Mukesh , Bhatia Pradeep , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Suthar Navratan , Kumar Ashok , Kumawat Rajani , Andani Rupesh , Misra Sanjeev
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are directly involved in processes linked with diagnosis, management, and assistance of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients which could have direct implications on their physical and emotional health. Emotional aspects of working in an infectious pandemic situation is often neglected in favour of the more obvious physical ramifica-tions. This single point assessment study aimed to explore the factors related to stress, anxiety and depression among HCWs consequent to working in a pandemic. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving healthcare workers who were working in COVID-19 inpatient ward, COVID-19 screening area, suspect ward, suspect intensive care unit (ICU) and COVID-19 ICU across four hospitals in India. A web-based survey questionnaire was designed to elicit responses to daily challenges faced by HCWs. The questionnaire was regressed using machine-learning algo-rithm (Cat Boost) against the standardized Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21) which was used to quantify emotional distress experienced by them. Results: A total of 156 participants were included in this study. As per DASS-21 scoring, severe stress was seen in ~17% of respondents. We could achieve an R2 of 0.28 using our machine-learning model. The major factors responsible for stress were decreased time available for personal needs, increasing age, being posted out of core area of expertise, setting of COVID-19 care, increasing duty hours, increasing duty days, marital status and being a resident physician. Conclusions: Factors elicited in this study that are associated with stress in HCWs need to be addressed to provide wholesome emotional support to HCWs bat-tling the pandemic. Targeted interventions may result in increased emotional resilience of the health-care system.
A Meta-Analysis on Incidence of Barotrauma in Patients with COVID-19 ARDS Undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Siddiqui Hasan Fareed , Saleem Aqsa , Javed Syed Owais , Saadia Sheema , Qasim Palvisha , Ali Syed Saad , Zubairi Ali Bin Sarwar , Ali Akbar Shoukat
Published: May 2022

Barotrauma is a common complication in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) [...]
Gait Speed Predictors and Gait-Speed Cut-Off Score to Discriminate Asthma Control Status and Physical Activity in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Ozsoy Ismail , Kodak Muhammed Ihsan , Zerman Nermin , Karartı Caner , Ozsoy Gulsah , Erturk Arzu
Published: May 2022

Introduction: As a “vital sign” of health and functional capacity, gait speed is commonly used. However, there is insufficient evidence for possible determinants of gait speed in patients with asthma. The primary objective of the present study was to determine predictors of gait speed in patients with asthma. The second objective was to determine the cut-off point for the 4-min Gait Speed (4MGS) to better discriminate asthma control status and physical activity in asthma. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with asthma were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinic characteristics, pulmonary function, asthma control status (ACT, Asthma Control Test), dyspnea, gait speed (4MGS), physical activity [International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)] and activities of daily living were evaluated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the possible predictors of gait speed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine whether usual gait speed had a discriminative value. Results: The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the ACT score and the IPAQ-SF score were significant and independent predictors of the 4MGS in patients with asthma explaining 40% of the variance in 4MGS (p < 0.001). The ROC curve showed a cut-off point of 1.06 m/s for the 4MGS for poorly controlled asthma and physical inactivity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that asthma control status and physical activity can be independent predictors of gait speed in patients with asthma. In addition, gait speed may be discriminative to determine poorly controlled asthma and physical inactivity in patients with asthma.
Denegación sistemática al derecho a la diversidad cultural lingüística aymara en Perú
Authors: Alanoca Arocutipa Vicente
Published: May 2022

Seguimos asistiendo a la mercantilización del conocimiento que se traduce en la exclusión y denegación sistemática de los pueblos ancestrales en el mundo. El objetivo es visualizar la denegación sistemática del derecho a la diversidad cultural y lingüística aymara en el país. La metodología utilizada es de tipo de revisión de hechos más emblemáticos ocurridos en la historia republicana afrontada por el pueblo aymara. Los resultados se abordarán en tres partes: el primer lugar, las demandas emprendidas por los diversos pueblos, como el derecho a la educación y a la tierra y el poder. En segundo lugar, la lucha por la defensa de la biodiversidad, los cuales fueron recibidos como respuesta persecución desde el sistema de justicia estatal. En tercer lugar, la denegación sistemática en los diferentes espacios y niveles de poder, como los partidos políticos, el propio Estado, el gobierno, etc., en el marco de principio, respeto reconocimiento de los derechos lingüísticos y culturales. En suma, los aymaras, como los otros pueblos del Perú profundo siguen siendo negados sistemáticamente, por cuanto es uno de los problemas que afronta el Perú.
Análisis de la legitimidad del pluralismo jurídico en el Perú
Authors: Bermudez-Tapia Manuel
Published: May 2022

En la Constitución Política del Perú de 1993 se estableció la jurisdicción especial de las Comunidades Campesinas y Comunidades Nativas conforme a sus usos y costumbres, dando paso a la legislación constitucional del pluralismo jurídico, por primera vez en el país.Dicho reconocimiento constitucional si bien se generó en un momento y contexto especial, debe entenderse en el tiempo como un reconocimiento a las Comunidades Nativas y Comunidades Campesinas que lucharon contra el terrorismo y por ello es que se legisló sobre Rondas Campesinas y Rondas Nativas, factor que resulta sumamente importante de detallar porque este hecho es diferente a la verdadera naturaleza del reconocimiento legal del pluralismo jurídico, el cual implica la coexistencia de dos sistemas normativos en un mismo territorio.La confusión que ha generado en el contexto actual parte en esencia cuando surgen conflictos sociales en determinados territorios del Perú, donde las Rondas Campesinas (sobre todo) han extralimitado sus competencias y han provocado acciones contrarias a los derechos fundamentales de personas sometidas a su jurisdicción.
Covid-19
Authors: Casazola Juan
Published: May 2022

La pandemia ha significado discriminación y criminalización social del conocimiento y las prácticas ancestrales sobre el cuidado de la salud de las comunidades altoandinas. El problema no solo es la pandemia, sino que esta llega en una realidad donde interactúan varias crisis que acompañan a la profunda matriz histórica de la inequidad, depredación ambiental, precarios servicios de salud y frágil sistema educativo, en especial, en las comunidades campesinas. Los testimonios de líderes locales, información difundida por los medios de comunicación y la observación de la realidad da cuenta de que los efectos frente a una crisis serían terribles, en esa medida, la pandemia ha desnudado los diversos males que aquejan a las comunidades. En este caso, el gobierno, en sus tres niveles (central, regional y local), no veló por incentivar la creación de centros de salud en las comunidades campesinas considerando sus prácticas culturales y condiciones sociales, sin embargo, pese a ello, las prácticas ancestrales en salud desarrolladas en las comunidades locales ayudaron a manejar la enfermedad (Covid-19) y salvar muchas vidas según reportes de líderes comunales y testimonios analizados. En ese sentido, este estudio postula que la pandemia no es solo un tema de salud, significa salir de la matriz de la inequidad hacia un nuevo tiempo Pacha kuti, el paso a un nuevo tiempo; especialmente, la necesidad de transitar hacia un Estado y derecho post-pandemia donde se reconozcan, incentiven y fortalezcan las diversas experiencias que existen para afrontar las crisis sociales, culturales, políticas o, como en este caso, sanitarias
Bioética y Derecho ¿Es posible su eficacia?
Authors: Espezúa Salmón Boris
Published: May 2022

En las últimas décadas, la bioética ha cobrado inusitada importancia, por el crecimiento de la tecnología, los riesgos de la medicina y la dinámica de la vida misma, lo que amerita recurrir al derecho para regular sus implicancias. Por su parte, la biotecnología resulta ambivalente, pues su uso es susceptible de generar grandes beneficios para la humanidad, pero también grandes riesgos derivables de su mal empleo, cuyas consecuencias aún son imprevisibles y que pueden afectar no sólo a quienes las utilizan, sino al resto de la humanidad, incluso, a las generaciones futuras. Ante ello, el Derecho deberá establecer los límites de lo permitido; de ahí deriva la estrecha relación entre Bioética y Derecho, entendido como norma de conducta que emana de la voluntad de todos. Entender los valores constitucionales y los “principios generales de las naciones civilizadas” como acuerdo mínimo: a la luz de la Declaración de Derechos Humanos y de las demás declaraciones internacionales y convenios que forman parte de nuestro mundo, es el desafío que tiene esta comunión de Bioética y Derecho, que debe asegurar su eficacia en tiempos que la vida en su significado más amplio se encuentra amenazada.
De la exactitud jurídica a la inexactitud constitucional
Authors: Castilla Colquehuanca Jhoni Shang
Published: May 2022

Son muchas las dudas que se nos presentan cuando avizoramos el horizonte jurídico, con relación a su textura, su esencia o naturaleza, su estudio o comprensión, su interpretación o aplicación, etc.; sin embargo, quizá haya algún aspecto que nos pueda permitir dar con la nota característica de lo que está ocurriendo con el Derecho en la contemporaneidad, nos referimos a que exista algún tema que nos muestre el giro que está dando el Derecho a partir de un punto específico. En este trabajo, pretendemos desarrollar una primera aproximación, cuando no sentar las bases, de lo que hemos denominado “la tesis de la exactitud e inexactitud en el Derecho”, a partir de la descripción del paso de la exactitud jurídica a la inexactitud constitucional que se observa, a propósito de las normas constitucionales o normas-principios. Para dicho cometido se emplea el método dogmático, a fin de dar cuentade la doctrina sobre el tema, así como el método histórico-sociológico, para sondear la exigencia o incidencia de los temas abordados en la realidad.
Egg production, economic indices, and external and internal egg quality parameters of laying Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) fed palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel cake
Authors: Ojediran Taiwo , Ganiyu Bolatito , Muhammed Abiodun , Emiola Adewale
Published: May 2022

The feeding trial aimed to evaluate the egg production, quality parameters and economic benefits of using palm kernel cake, a byproduct of palm oil production in the diets of laying Japanese quails. Two hundred (200) nine-week-old laying Japanese quails were randomized into 5 groups replicated 4 times of 10 birds each in a six weeks trial. Palm kernel cake (PKC) was incorporated at 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % in formulating feed for the quails. The form of oil removal affected the PKC such that it had 91.51% dry matter, 15.70 % crude protein, 21.43 % crude fibre, 12.30 % ether extract, 1.44 % ash, 40.78 % nitrogen-free extract and 12.67MJkg-1 metabolizable energy. All egg production parameters were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). The results in this study showed that feed cost/ kg, feed cost per crate, profit per crate and egg-feed-price ratio were significantly influenced (P ≤ 0.05) as well as the shell percentage, yolk-albumen weight, albumen weight, yolk height, colour and yolk index. In conclusion, laying Japanese quails can permit up to 40 % dietary PKC without negative effect on laying performance, better cost-benefit, improved shell percentage, albumen weight and percentage, and yolk index, however, the yolk colour becomes lighter with increased PKC inclusion.
Del pensar crítico al pensar epistémico. Antesala para una educación desde y para la vida en común-unidad
Authors: Pérez Roblero Cayetano Adán , Escobar Pérez Armando
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo es resultado de experiencias que se desarrollan con docentes de Educación Superior de Chiapas, en el marco de la socialización del enfoque y propósitos de la Educación Alternativa como educación, en, desde y para la vida en comunidad, sustentada en la praxis pedagógica como antesala para la transformación de las concepciones y prácticas docentes, que desde una postura crítico-epistemológica interpela al paradigma analítico-instrumental y excluyente del sistema educativo nacional. Por la naturaleza de su contenido, se inscribe en la temática del pensamiento latinoamericano; en él se pretende describir y analizar los procesos que se desarrollan actualmente con los grupos de docentes que discurren en un esquema de reflexividad colectiva, a partir del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico-epistémico, de cara a la realidad social y cultural de la práctica docente en comunidades rurales e indígenas. La metodología se inscribe en el paradigma sociocrítico latinoamericano, que propugna por una educación contrahegemónica, emancipadora, sociocrítica y sociocultural.
Stabilnost i/ili promjene? Povjerenje u institucije u Hrvatskoj od 1999. do 2020.
Authors: Bovan Kosta , Baketa Nikola
Published: May 2022

U radu se, na temelju podataka prikupljenih u istraživanjima koja je u osam vremenskih točaka u proteklih dvadeset godina na reprezentativnom uzorku hrvatskih građana proveo Fakultet političkih znanosti, analizira stanje institucionalnog povjerenja u Hrvatskoj. Oslanjajući se na teorijske koncepte Davida Eastona i Pippe Norris te uvažavajući prethodne studije o institucionalnom povjerenju u Hrvatskoj, rad donosi i neke nove elemente. Dok većina prethodnih radova obuhvaća najviše tri točke mjerenja u kratkom vremenskom rasponu i analizi latentne strukture institucionalnog povjerenja pristupa kroz eksploratorni pristup, ovaj se rad temelji na analizi osam vremenskih točaka i analizira prikladnost postojećih teorijskih modela. Usto, analiza fluktuacija u razinama institucionalnog povjerenja temelji se na utvrđivanju invarijantnosti mjerenja, što je važan metodološki doprinos rada. Osnovni rezultati studije mogu se podijeliti u tri grupe. Prvo, na deskriptivnoj razini utvrdili smo da je povjerenje građana u pojedine institucije najčešće ispod srednje vrijednosti na ljestvici od 1 do 5, osim u slučajevima vojske i policije. Drugo, analiza pokazuje da hrvatski građani razlikuju dva tipa institucionalnog povjerenja – povjerenje u predstavničke institucije i povjerenje u institucije sigurnosti. Treće, analiza je pokazala kako se u razdoblju od 1999. do 2020. povjerenje građana u predstavničke institucije smanjilo, dok je povjerenje u institucije sigurnosti ostalo izrazito stabilno. Na temelju toga moguće je izvesti dva važna zaključka. Ponajprije, korištenje invarijantnosti mjerenja trebalo bi postati standardom za buduća istraživanja povjerenja u kojima se uspoređuju različite vremenske točke. Potom, niska razina povjerenja u predstavničke institucije sugerira otuđenost građana od tih institucija i predstavlja problem funkcioniranju predstavničke demokracije u Hrvatskoj.
“It will be difficult for you to move on from this…” An Autoethnographic Study of Hitting the Glass Ceiling in an Academic Recruitment Process
Authors: Alvinius Aida
Published: May 2022

This narrative is an autoethnographic study of how discrimination and prejudice counteract the academic meritocratic system. In Sweden, which is one of the most gender-equal countries in the world, opposition to gender equality and prejudices against what is considered the Other can be hidden and thus reproduced in decision-making processes and structures. This narrative shows how a professorial recruitment process bypassed the meritocratic system i.e., the system in which qualifications and educational results in combination with the individual’s achievements should play the greatest role in the promotion process. This is a story about how the supposed meritocracy is twisted and manipulated within university contexts and how the “temperament” of a foreign female researcher is utilised to exclude her from entering through the coveted doors of academic departments. Different experiences, characterised by demanding conditions, have been analysed with the help of gender theoretical perspectives, opposition to gender equality, intercultural perspectives and a number of social psychological perspectives linked to prejudice. The description is interwoven with previous experiences from younger years, which together contribute to an increased understanding of the individual narrative and its specific context.
Finanzinvestoren auf dem deutschen Wohnungsmarkt
Authors: HEEG SUSANNE
Published: May 2022

In den 1990er Jahren wurden große Teile des Bestands des ehemals öffentlich finanzierten und Sozialen Wohnungsbaus in Deutschland an Finanzmarktakteure verkauft, deren Geschäftsmodell anfangs vorrangig auf dem sog. Hartz-IV-Modell aufbaute. Inzwischen erfolgt eine Steigerung der Rendite durch eine „Optimierung“ des Bestandes. Dazu gehören ständige Mieterhöhungen, Modernisierungen, Verwaltungsautomatisierung und Standardisierung der Betriebsabläufe. In dem Beitrag werden die Vermarktlichung und Finanzialisierung des Gemeinnützigen Wohnungsbestandes nach 1990 untersucht. Dazu werden grundlegende Änderungen im Management der (ehemals) Gemeinnützigen Wohnungsbauunternehmen sowie die – durch Finanzmarktliberalisierungen ermöglichte – Öffnung des Wohnungsfeldes für Finanzmarktakteure in den Blick genommen. Dies dient dazu, die Durchsetzung neuer Verwertungslogiken in großen finanzmarktbasierten Wohnungsunternehmen und ihr Verhältnis zu Mieter*innen zu analysieren, die zu passiven Kund*innen geworden sind.
»Philosophie und Religion« – Schellings Politische Philosophie
Authors: Scheerlinck Ryan
Published: May 2022

Dieses Buch bietet die erste umfassende Auslegung von Schellings kontrovers beurteilter Schrift Philosophie und Religion. Ausgehend von Schellings Kunst der Darstellung und unter ständiger Berücksichtigung der Einwände Eschenmayers, auf welche diese Schrift zu antworten sucht, zeichnet die Arbeit die Grundlinien von Schellings Denken um 1804 nach. Besonderes Gewicht liegt dabei auf Schellings Ansichten zu Freiheit, Ethik, Geschichte und Politik. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Grundthesen der sogenannten Identitätsphilosophie, anders als allgemein angenommen, durchaus mit der Lehre der Freiheitsschrift verträglich sind. Der Autor versucht Philosophie und Religion als ein Dokument Politischer Philosophie lesbar zu machen, indem er aufzeigt, dass der politische Charakter des schellingschen Denkens nicht erst in einer ausgearbeiteten Theorie des Politischen zu suchen ist, sondern vielmehr bereits in der Form der Darstellung reflektiert ist, durch welche Schelling unterschiedlichen Adressaten Unterschiedliches mitzuteilen und einer politisch brisanten natürlichen Ungleichheit Rechnung zu tragen vermag.
Metaphern des Lebens
Authors: Falkner Daniel
Published: May 2022

Am Beispiel der gegenwärtigen Debatte um die Synthetische Biologie und anhand metapherntheoretischer Überlegungen im Anschluss an Black, Ricœur und Blumenberg soll die Frage „Was ist Leben?“ als ein konkretes Beispiel eines hermeneutischen „Streits um die Wahrheit“, der in und mit Metaphern geführt wird, in historischer und systematischer Herangehensweise rekonstruiert und dargestellt werden.
Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy
Authors: T. Tambong James
Published: May 2022

Bacterial pathogens are significant biotic factors of wheat, a globally important source of carbohydrates. The diseases caused by these pathogens are reported to reduce annual wheat production by about 10% and up to 40% in severe infections occurring early in the growth period. This chapter presents current information on the symptoms, distribution, identification, and taxonomy of key bacterial pathogens of wheat with a focus on the seed-borne bacterium, Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, the causative agent of the leaf streak and black chaff disease. Other wheat-pathogenic bacterial pathogens addressed in the chapter are Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight; P. syringae pv. atrofaciens that cause the basal glume rot; Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, the causal agent of the bacterial brown sheath; Erwinia rhapontici, the causal agent of the pink seed of wheat; Pseudomonas cichorii, the causative agent of wheat stem melanosis; Clavibacter tessellarius is responsible for the bacterial mosaic of wheat as well as other minor bacterial pathogens. Finally, the chapter proposed the use of genome-based tools for the accurate identification and classification of bacterial pathogens of wheat.
Matrix as an Alternative Solution for Evaluating Sentence Reordering Tasks
Authors: Kazuo Amma
Published: May 2022

Although sentence reordering is a popular practice in educational contexts its scoring method has virtually remained ‘all-or-nothing’. The author proposed a more psychologically valid means of partial scoring called MRS (Maximal Relative Sequence) where a point is counted for each ascending run in the answer sequence allowing gaps and the final score reflects the length of the longest sequence of ascending elements. This scoring method, together with an additional consideration of recovery distances, was woven into an executable programme, and then transplanted to Excel without having to understand a programming language. However, the use of Excel was severely limited by the number of columns available. This chapter reviews the past practices of evaluating partial scoring of reordering tasks and proposes an alternative solution LM (Linearity Matrix), also executable on Excel, with far smaller consumption of columns and with the idea of calculating the recovery distances as well as MRS scores. Although LM and MRS are different scoring procedures, they both reflect psychological complexity of the task involved. Furthermore, LM is versatile as to the adjustability of adjacency weights as an extended model of Kendall’s tau. Some reflections on practical application are referred to as well as future directions of the study.
Hypoglycemia and Brain: The Effect of Energy Loss on Neurons
Authors: Arturo Martínez-Piña Daniel , Alexis Alvarado-Fernández Gustavo , González-Guevara Edith , Castillo-Pérez Carlos , Romero-Luna Gerardo , Alejandro Torres-Ríos Jorge
Published: May 2022

Glucose provides the necessary fuel to cover the physiological functions of the organism. In the brain, glucose represents the main energy supply through the generation of adenosine triphosphate, with oxygen and glucose being the main components involved. The imbalance in glucose levels in the central nervous system produces substantial changes in metabolism. Hypoglycemia, or decreased blood glucose levels below 50 mg/dl, is accompanied by symptoms such as decreased performance of cognitive tasks such as verbal fluency, reaction time, arithmetic ability, verbal memory and visual, in addition to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Hyperglycemia participates in some cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy. Changes in glucose metabolism must be regulated and considered in order to obtain the best treatment for different pathologies, such as infections, non-infections, traumatic, primary or acquired.
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
Authors: Channabasave Gowda Yashaswini , Nagaraj Hema
Published: May 2022

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a rare neurological condition that affects an individual’s ability to communicate. PPA is a syndrome characterized by a ‘progressive worsening of language with preservation of the activities of daily living and evidence of relatively normal non-verbal abilities on neuropsychological testing’. It commonly appears initially as a disorder of speaking (an articulatory problem) progressing to nearly total inability to speak in its most severe stage, while comprehension remains relatively preserved. This chapter provides an overview of the characteristic features of PPA, its classification, assessment, and rehabilitation options.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB), the New Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass (CCAB) Technique
Authors: P. Vettath Murali , Vellachamy Kannan Arunachalam , Nitin Ganagadharan , Nagaraju Gururkirana Siddegowda , Smera Koroth , Gopalakrishnan Raman , Baburajan A.K.
Published: May 2022

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), has evolved over the last twenty-five years. Having pioneered this evolution for the last two decades and more, we have moved from an on-pump surgical unit to a completely off-pump surgical unit. This on-pump surgery was in vogue for the past six decades. This was labeled the Conventional CABG (CCAB). We have over the last two decades made off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) the new CCAB. To make this a reality, we had to invent, innovate, fabricate and modify techniques and technology, so as to make ourselves comfortable to perform all our CABGs without the use of the Heart-lung machine (HLM). We have over the last twenty years performed more than five thousand OPCAB surgeries in this city alone, with a mortality of less than 1%.
Papaya: The Versatile Tropical Fruit
Authors: Burns Parichart , Saengmanee Pimpilai , Doung-Ngern Uthaiwan
Published: May 2022

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is a versatile tropical fruit with its usage ranging from consumption, cosmetics, to pharmaceuticals. In 2020, it was the third most-produced tropical fruit crop in the world. Papaya is a trioecious herbaceous plant with distinct flower and fruit morphological appearances. The fruits from hermaphrodite papaya are favorable for both consumption and processing due to their superior quality. Papaya has a genome size of 372 Mb and chromosome of 2n =18. The male and hermaphrodite papaya have XY and XYh sex chromosomes, respectively, while the female has XX. Using omics and bioinformatics approaches, papaya cultivars with desired fruit quality can be selected and identified from germplasm for incorporation in breeding programs. Papaya production can be done either in open fields or under protected cultivation. Open field cultivation provides for large-scale production, but with the disadvantages of variability in fruit yield, quality, and limitations on growing and harvesting seasons. Under protected cultivation, papaya can be cultivated in all seasons, whilst delivering higher yields. Conversely, multidisciplinary approaches with selected papaya cultivars, good farm management, and suitable conditions provide high yields of quality fruit for both consumption and processing, whilst minimizing the adverse effects related to environmental conditions.
Welding Based Additive Manufacturing: Fundamentals
Authors: Sowrirajan Maruthasalam , Vijayan Selvaraj , Arulraj Munusamy
Published: May 2022

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has drawn abundant attention over the past decades in the manufacturing and fabrication industries, especially to make part models and prototypes. This chapter introduces a potential welding based AM process called Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) for the fabrication of near-net shaped metal components including stainless steel components. To start with traditional AM processes, various fundamental traditional AM for the fabrication of components have been presented. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has been explained with its variants, synonyms, different welding processes to suit WAAM particularly to weld stainless steel metal; primary process selections for working with WAAM, important metals, and alloys that could be used in WAAM have been elaborated. A case study for WAAM fabrication of AISI 316 L stainless steel plate is included to introduce the fabrication of metal components using WAAM. Further, the most common defects which possibly play a vital role in WAAM components fabrication and a few of the future challenges regarding WAAM development are discussed. Fundamental information covered in this chapter could be more beneficial to beginners for the understanding of WAAM process generally including stainless steel component fabrication in a lucid tactic.
Management of Congenital Heart Disease in Low-Income Countries: The Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: Elshazali Osama , Ibrahim Murtada , Elseed Abdelmoniem
Published: May 2022

In this article, we will discuss the management of congenital heart disease in low-income and low-middle income countries. First, we will review the epidemiology of congenital heart disease in the low-income and low-middle income countries and compare it to that in the high-income countries; cardiac disease is the commonest cause of death globally. The challenges that are facing the delivery of pediatric cardiac services will be discussed and some solutions will be suggested to improve these services. Pediatric cardiac services face huge economic, financial, social, and health care system delivery challenges. Collaboration between countries and non-governmental and philanthropy organizations is strongly needed to improve delivery of pediatric cardiac services in low-income and low-middle income countries. Planning of pediatric cardiac services in these countries should consider the context of each country or region; some countries managed to transform their pediatric cardiac services to be better.
Investigation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities, Antioxidant Activities, and Chemical Properties of Pistacia vera Leaves Using LC-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC
Authors: Gok Hasya Nazli , Pekacar Sultan , Deliorman Orhan Didem
Published: May 2022

: Since the leaves of some Pistacia species are used in traditional folk medicine for diabetes, this study investigated the in vitro antidiabetic effect (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) of Pistacia vera leaves. Additionally, the current study investigated the antihypercholesterolemic (cholesterol esterase), antiobesity (pancreatic lipase), and antioxidant activities (i.e., total antioxidant capacity, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power) of P. vera leaves. The aqueous-alcoholic leaf extract inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 7.74 ± 0.72, 11.08 ± 3.96, and 168.43 ± 26.10 µg/mL, respectively. It was determined that the crude extract had high DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing power, and moderate metal chelating activity. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) subextract obtained by the liquid-liquid fractionation of the crude extract showed potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The EtOAc subextract (5.794 ± 0.027 g/100 g subextract) was standardized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography based on β-pentagalloyl glucose, which showed inhibitory effects on both amylase and glucosidase enzymes. Fifteen compounds, seven of which are organic acid derivatives and eight of which are flavonoids, were identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis in the crude extract of P. vera leaves. Seven of the fifteen phenolic compounds detected in the crude extract by LC-QTOF-MS have both glucosidase and amylase inhibitory effects. As a result, P. vera leaves can be a potential source for compounds with high antioxidant effects that show inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion in the prevention and treatment of diabetes or can be evaluated as a standardized extract.
The Charity Account of Forgiving
Authors: Sigourney Tucker ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2022

In this paper, I argue that the dominant contemporary accounts of forgiving do not capture what forgiving most centrally is. I spend the first parts of the paper trying to elucidate what it is that these accounts miss about forgiving, and to explain why I think they miss it. I spend the latter parts of the paper suggesting an alternative, which I call “the charity account.” This account draws much of its theoretical framing from the work of Thomas Aquinas, presenting forgiving as something importantly volitional and essentially loving.
Empathy for Plants
Authors: Hall Matthew ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2022

Empathy, and its role in human-human and human-animal relationships, has been discussed at length in recent years. Empathy for plants has received little to no attention. In this essay I briefly examine existing theory about human-plant empathy, primarily Marder’s account of a projective empathy. I use contemporary scholarship by Dan Zahavi, as well as phenomenological accounts of empathy, to query this understanding of empathy and to lay the conceptual groundwork for developing an account of empathy for plants in line with Max Scheler’s embodied empathy. In doing so, I sketch an account of the basis for human-plant empathy, including the gestures and behaviors that an empathy for plants may pay particular heed to. The essay concludes by outlining how such an empathy for plants may be developed.
Munther Isaac. The Other Side of the Wall: A Palestinian Narrative of Lament and Hope
Authors: Cathey Robert
Published: May 2022

No abstract is available.