bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of patient, system, and environmental factors on utilization of air medical transport after trauma
Authors: Beiriger Jamison , Lu Liling , Silver David , Brown Joshua B.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Air medical transport (AMT) improves outcomes for severely injured patients. The decision to fly patients is complex and must consider multiple factors. Our objective was to evaluate the interaction between geography, patient and environmental factors, and emergency medical services (EMS) system resources on AMT after trauma. We hypothesize that significant geographic variation in AMT utilization will be associated with varying levels of patient, environmental, and EMS resources.

METHODS

Patients transported by EMS in the Pennsylvania state trauma registry 2000 to 2017 were included. We used our previously developed Air Medical Prehospital Triage (AMPT; ≥2 points triage to AMT) score and Geographic Emergency Medical Services Index (GEMSI; higher indicates more system resources) as measures for patient factors and EMS resources, respectively. A mixed-effects logistic regression model determined the association of AMT utilization with patient, system, and environmental variables.

RESULTS

There were 195,354 patients included. Fifty-five percent of variation in AMT utilization was attributed to geographic differences. Triage to AMT by the AMPT score was associated with nearly twice the odds of AMT utilization (adjusted odds ratio, 1.894; 95% confidence interval, 1.765–2.032; p < 0.001). Each 1-point increase in GEMSI was associated with a 6.1% reduction in odds of AMT (0.939; 0.922–0.957; p < 0.001). Younger age, rural location, and more severe injuries were also associated with increased odds of AMT (p < 0.05). When categorized by GEMSI level, the AMPT score and patient factors were more important for predicting AMT utilization in the middle tercile (moderate EMS resources) compared with the lower (low EMS resources) and higher tercile (high EMS resources). Weather, season, time-of-day, and traffic were all associated with AMT utilization (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Patient, system, and environmental factors are associated with AMT utilization, which varies geographically and by EMS/trauma system resource availability. A more comprehensive approach to AMT triage could reduce variation and allow more tailored efforts toward optimizing resource allocation and outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Sir Michael Llewellyn Rutter. 15 August 1933—23 October 2021
Authors: Maughan Barbara , Pickles Andrew
Published: October 2023

Sir Michael Rutter was the first professor of Child Psychiatry in the UK, and is widely credited with establishing child psychiatry as an academic discipline. Across five decades he transformed the field, challenging accepted thinking, clarifying concepts, devising methodologies, and undertaking ground-breaking and foundational research. Every part of the field bears the stamp of his endeavours, whether via advances in classification, the design of assessment instruments, or the application of innovative designs. He undertook the first systematic epidemiological studies of child mental health in the UK, made extensive studies of both genetic and environmental risks for child psychopathology, clarified conceptualizations of risk and protective factors and resilience, proposed the influential
developmental psychopathology
paradigm, and was an acknowledged world leader in the study of autism. He trained many of the next generation of academic child psychiatrists, who extended his influence across the globe. Much of his research impacted policy, and he was widely revered, both nationally and internationally, for his seminal contributions to advancing understanding of both child development and child mental health.
Decolonizing Veterinary History: On the benefits of telling the story of Dr Jotello Soga, the first South African veterinarian
Authors: Davis Diana K.
Published: October 2023

Although nearly erased from history, the first formally trained South African veterinarian was the little-known Dr Jotello Festiri Soga (1865–1906), son of the Xhosa Reverend Tiyo Soga and his Scottish wife. By detailing Soga's remarkable trajectory, this paper helps to decolonize the history of veterinary medicine, long dominated by the ‘great deeds’ of a succession of white men, and only recently beginning to diversify. This sort of knowledge decolonization has been increasingly advocated by numerous scholars and a growing number of students globally. Dr Soga qualified as a Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in 1886, after studying at the Royal (Dick's) Veterinary School in Edinburgh. Appointed Assistant Veterinary Surgeon for Cape Colony in 1889, he made pioneering contributions to veterinary toxicology and vaccination methods over the next decade. Soga was also one of the earliest to warn of the impending disaster of rinderpest, and he played an instrumental role in the containment and eventual eradication of this devastating disease. He provided essential help in communicating with indigenous South Africans about livestock diseases, although his feelings about his countrymen were sometimes conflicted. The processes of decolonization are complex, and frequently difficult, but the benefits are great.
Polycladospora coralii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae isolated from stony coral in the South China Sea
Authors: Mo Kunlian , Huang Huiqin , Ye Lin , Wu Qingjuan , Hu Yong hua
Published: October 2023

Two novel filamentous bacteria, designated as IB182353T and IB182357, were isolated from stony coral of the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains IB182353T and IB182357 were closely related to

Hazenella coriacea

DSM 45707T (with 93.4 and 93.5% similarity, respectively). The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization results showed that the pairwise similarities between isolate IB182353T and the other recognized

Thermoactinomycetaceae

species were less than 68.9, 60.5 and 21.1 %, respectively. Both strains produced aerial and substrate mycelia, grew optimally at 25–30 °C, pH 8.0–9.0 and with 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was meso-DAP and the whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.5 mol%. Strain IB182353T was distinguishable from its related type strains by the contents of two fatty acids, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1
 ω10c. Based on polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains IB182353T and IB182357 represent a novel genus and species within the family

Thermoactinomycetaceae

, for which the name Polycladospora coralii gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IB182353T (=MCCC 1K04631T=JCM 34206T).
Efficacy of ceftobiprole in a murine model of bacteremia and disseminated infection
Authors: Cumper Charlotte , Richards Claire , Smart Jennifer , Litherland Karine , Jones Mark
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin with activity against MSSA and MRSA.

Gap Statement. Ceftobiprole is not currently approved for use to treat

S. aureus

bacteremia and phase three clinical trials are taking place. Drug approval requires further pre-clinical evidence to support this new indication.

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ceftobiprole at the human equivalent efficacious exposure (considering a 500 mg q8h dosing regimen infused over 2 h) against MSSA and MRSA strains in a neutropenic murine model of bacteremia and disseminated infection.

Methodology. Two bioluminescent-tagged strains (one MSSA and one MRSA strain) were selected based on their in vitro susceptibility and in vivo growth profiles. Bacterial c.f.u. counts in the blood, lung, kidney, and liver were determined 48 h post-infection or after death. The bioluminescent-tag allowed the visualization of the real-time effects of ceftobiprole therapy compared to the natural progression of the infection in untreated controls.

Results. Treatment with ceftobiprole resulted in a significant reduction of the bacterial load with the bioluminescence reduced by 2-log units and bacterial c.f.u. counts reduced by 3- to 6-log units, depending on the organ and bacterial strain. Survival was 100 % in the ceftobiprole-treated group compared to only 0–20 % survival in the untreated control animals for both strains tested.

Conclusion. These results suggest that treatment with ceftobiprole using a 500 mg q8h dosing regimen studied in several successful phase three trials, has potential as an antibiotic therapy to treat bacteremia and associated disseminated infections caused by either methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains of

S. aureus

.
Predicting efficacy of immunotherapy in mice with triple negative breast cancer using a cholesterol PET radiotracer
Authors: Ciavattone Nicholas G. , Guan Jenny , Farfel Alex , Desmond Timothy , Viglianti Benjamin L. , Scott Peter JH , Brooks Allen F. , Luker Gary D.
Published: October 2023

Predicting the response to cancer immunotherapy remains an unmet challenge in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other malignancies. T cells, the major target of current checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies, accumulate cholesterol during activation to support proliferation and signaling. The requirement of cholesterol for anti-tumor functions of T cells led us to hypothesize that quantifying cellular accumulation of this molecule could distinguish successful from ineffective checkpoint immunotherapy. To analyze accumulation of cholesterol by T cells in the immune microenvironment of breast cancer, we leveraged a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, FNP-59. FNP-59 is an analog of cholesterol that our group has validated as an imaging biomarker for cholesterol uptake in pre-clinical models and initial human studies. In immunocompetent mouse models of TNBC, we found that elevated uptake of exogenous labeled cholesterol analogs functions as a marker for T cell activation. When comparing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-responsive EO771 tumors to non-responsive AT-3 tumors, we found significantly higher uptake of a fluorescent cholesterol analog in T cells of the ICI-responsive tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Using the FNP-59 radiotracer, we discovered that accumulation of cholesterol by T cells increased further in ICI-responding tumors that received ant-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy. We verified these data by mining single cell sequencing data from patients with TNBC. Patients with tumors containing cycling T cells showed gene expression signatures of cholesterol uptake and trafficking. These results suggest that uptake of exogenous cholesterol analogs by tumor-infiltrating T cells predict T cell activation and success of ICI therapy.
Akkermansia muciniphilaidentified as key strain to alleviate gut barrier injury through Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Xin , Li Meng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xu Tingting , Zhou Xinchen , Qian Mengqi , Yang Zhiren , Han Xinyan
Published: October 2023

As the largest mucosal surface, the gut has built a physical, chemical, microbial and immune barrier to protect the body against pathogen invasion. The disturbance of gut microbiota aggravates pathogenic bacteria invasion and gut barrier injury. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment for microbiome-related disorders, where beneficial strain engraftment is a significant factor influencing FMT outcomes. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of FMT on antibiotic-induced microbiome-disordered (AIMD) model infected with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC). We used piglet, mouse and intestinal organoid models to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of FMT on ETEC infection. The results showed that FMT regulated gut microbiota and enhanced the protection of AIMD piglets against ETEC K88 challenge, as demonstrated by reduced intestinal pathogen colonization and alleviated gut barrier injury.Akkermansia muciniphila(A. muciniphila) andBacteroides fragilis(B. fragilis) were identified as two strains that may play key roles in FMT. We further investigated the alleviatory effects of these two strains on ETEC infection in AIMD mice model, which revealed thatA. muciniphilaandB. fragilisrelieved ETEC-induced intestinal inflammation by maintaining the proportion of Treg/Th17 cells and epithelial damage by moderately activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while the effect ofA. muciniphilawas better thanB. fragilis. We therefore identified whetherA. muciniphilaprotected against ETEC infection using basal-out and apical-out intestinal organoid models.A. muciniphiladid protect the intestinal stem cells and stimulate proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelium, and the protective effects ofA. muciniphilawas reversed by Wnt inhibitor. FMT alleviated ETEC-induced gut barrier injury and intestinal inflammation in AIMD model.A. muciniphila was identified as key strain in FMT to promote proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Retrospective study of botulinum neurotoxin for hemifacial spasm: experience over 25 years
Authors: Lee Moon Keen
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a not uncommon, debilitating movement disorder. This retrospective study examines 25 years of experience with Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections for HFS in Malaysia.

Objective

To assess BoNT’s long-term effectiveness in treating HFS in a private practice.

Methods

Data from 35 patients, including demographics, treatment outcomes, and complications, were collected from a private clinic over 25 years.

Results

BoNT demonstrated a decreasing dose trend over time, with extended treatment intervals. Complications were rare and transient, with high patient retention.

Conclusion

BoNT is a safe and effective long-term HFS treatment, enhancing accessibility in private practice, complementing public healthcare services.
DNA Transposons favour denovotranscript emergence through enrichment of transcription factor binding motifs
Authors: Lebherz Marie Kristin , Fouks Bertrand , Schmidt Julian , Bornberg-Bauer Erich , Grandchamp Anna
Published: October 2023

De novogenes emerge from non-coding regions of genomes via succession of mutations. Among others, such mutations activate transcription and create a new open reading frame (ORF). Although the mechanisms underlying ORFs emergence are well documented, relatively little is known about the mechanisms enabling new transcription events. Yet, in many species a continuum between absent and very prominent transcription has been reported for essentially all regions of the genome.

In this study we searched forde novotranscripts by using newly assembled genomes and transcriptomes of seven inbred lines ofDrosophila melanogaster, originating from six European and one African population. This setup allowed us to detect line specificde novotranscripts, and compare them to their homologous non-transcribed regions in other lines, as well as genic and intergenic control sequences. We studied the association with transposable elements and the enrichment of transcription factor motifs upstream ofde novoemerged transcripts and compared them with regulatory elements.

We found thatde novotranscripts overlap with TEs more often than expected by chance. The emergence of new transcripts correlates with high CpG islands and regions of TEs activity. Moreover, upstream regions ofde novotranscripts are highly enriched with regulatory motifs. Such motifs abound in new transcripts overlapping with TEs, particularly DNA TEs, and are more conserved upstreamde novotranscripts than upstream their non-transcribed homologs. Overall, our study demonstrates that TEs insertion is important for transcript emergence, partly by introducing new regulatory motifs from DNA TE families.
The possibility of radical resources and participation in architectural education: autobiographical spatial narratives
Authors: Aykaç Gülşah
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the pedagogical field of architectural education by conceptualizing autobiographical spatial narratives as possible radical resources and avenues for participation. It seeks to advance a critical approach to the dominant canon of course contents and hidden local dynamics of exclusion and discrimination in architectural education.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on conceptual and critical analyses of feminist, postcolonial and radical architectural pedagogies, relating those with broader feminist pedagogies that question exclusion and discrimination mechanisms from the perspective of the radicality of emotions. As a second step, three experiments intentionally designed in academic courses to open space for autobiographical spatial narratives are analysed to extend the theoretical discussion into the specific local dynamics of exclusion and discrimination that have largely been ignored to date in Turkey.

Findings

Different pedagogical approaches and self-experiments have revealed that autobiographical spatial narratives are a type of resource that accommodates students' diverse spatial experiences including forcible displacement. Sharing that multiplicity creates opportunities for participation in the classroom and studio where different individualities, backgrounds and identities are made visible. These potential resources and participation are open to emotions and affects, are collective and transformative and, therefore, are radical.

Research limitations/implications

Although research on architectural pedagogies is still limited, the current literature is constantly being empowered by new studies from various geographies and localities. The present study may facilitate future comparative readings and further research on radical architectural pedagogies, particularly within the Global South, where complex local dynamics might share commonalities dominated by the Western canon. It may also open new discussions on discrimination and the exclusion of silenced individuals in architectural education in Turkey and elsewhere. In the scope of this paper, however, the practical experiences and observations based on two years in architectural education may be too limited for a comprehensive analysis of the applications of autobiographical spatial narratives.

Originality/value

This paper offers novel strategies for creating inclusive, intersectional and decolonized perspectives for knowledge production and more equal spaces in architectural education.
Artificial intelligence or human: when and why consumers prefer AI recommendations
Authors: Jin Fei , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing product recommendations, but little is known about consumer acceptance of AI recommendations. This study examines how to improve consumers' acceptance of AI recommendations from the perspective of product type (material vs experiential).

Design/methodology/approach

Four studies, including a field experiment and three online experiments, tested how consumers' preference for AI-based (vs human) recommendations differs between material and experiential product purchases.

Findings

Results show that people perceive AI recommendations as more competent than human recommendations for material products, whereas they believe human recommendations are more competent than AI recommendations for experiential products. Therefore, people are more (less) likely to choose AI recommendations when buying material (vs experiential) products. However, this effect is eliminated when is used as an assistant to rather than a replacement for a human recommendation.

Originality/value

This study is the first to focus on how products' material and experiential attributes influence people's attitudes toward AI recommendations. The authors also identify under what circumstances resistance to algorithmic advice is attenuated. These findings contribute to the research on the psychology of artificial intelligence and on human–technology interaction by investigating how experiential and material attributes influence preference for or resistance to AI recommenders.
The bright and dark sides of online customer engagement on brand love
Authors: Siu Noel Yee Man , Zhang Tracy Junfeng , Yeung Raissa Sui-Ping
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to investigate the impact of online customer engagement on brand love via dual mediating mechanisms, empowerment (bright side) and stress (dark side). The roles of perceived brand quality and extroversion as weakener and facilitator respectively on the dark side effect are also examined.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey is conducted, targeting people who have experience in participating in online engagement activities. The dual mediation and moderation analysis are examined.

Findings

The results confirm the proposed dual mediating mechanisms. Perceived brand quality and extroversion also significantly moderate the engagement–stress link.

Research limitations/implications

This study explains the mediating mechanisms between online customer engagement and brand love, with a focus on the fast-moving consumer goods industry. This calls for further research on other industries.

Practical implications

This study provides marketers with insights that online customer engagement strategies are not always good and that they should be more careful in formulating such strategies.

Originality/value

This study advances the understanding of the relationship between customer engagement and brand love in the virtual community especially in the social media context.
The dual impact of job variety on employee happiness and stress: the mediating role of employee engagement and burnout
Authors: Hafeez Shumaila , Memon Mumtaz Ali , Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Sarwar Naukhez , Ting Hiram
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The objectives of this study are twofold: firstly, to examine the effect of job variety on employee engagement and job burnout, and the effect of employee engagement and job burnout on employee happiness and job stress, respectively. Secondly, it examines the mediating role of employee engagement between job variety and employee happiness, as well as the mediating role of job burnout between job variety and job stress.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from front-line nurses working in the health sector in Pakistan's major cities. A total of 169 samples were collected using online and face-to-face data collection approaches. The theoretical model was tested using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4.0.

Findings

The findings of this study highlight that job variety has a positive impact on employee engagement, which in turn leads to employee happiness among professional frontline nurses. Additionally, job variety as a demand increases employee burnout, which subsequently increases frontline nurses' job stress. The results also indicate that employee engagement mediates the relationship between job variety and employee happiness, while burnout mediates the relationship between job variety and job stress.

Originality/value

To date, there has been little research investigating the dual impact of job variety, leaving a significant gap in the existing literature. This study aims to address this gap and provide implications for both academics and HR managers by challenging the misconception that job variety is always a positive job resource.
Long‐term organic farming and floral diversity promotes stability of bee communities in agroecosystems
Authors: Bloom Elias H. , Illán Javier Gutiérrez , Brousil Matthew R. , Reganold John P. , Northfield Tobin D. , Crowder David W.
Published: October 2023

Increasing bee diversity promotes pollination services on farms. Yet, given the high turnover in pollinator communities, without knowledge of how pollinator communities assemble, it is difficult to conserve or increase bee diversity. Thus, a mechanistic understanding of factors mediating pollinator community assembly could promote pollinator conservation measures.

To assess the determinants of pollinator community assembly and structure, we surveyed bee communities and floral resources on 36 farms ranging from 0 to 43 years in organic production. We used niche‐based and stochastic species abundance models to characterise the mechanisms driving community assembly, and an additive partition of beta diversity to evaluate resource and species turnover (i.e. community structure). We then used statistical models to assess whether resource turnover or time in organic production altered community assembly and beta diversity, and a jackknife analysis to assess the sensitivity of top models to resource and species identity.

We show that bee communities on farms that practiced organic methods for longer assembled by niche‐based rather than stochastic processes and had less turnover in bee species across years. Because our model of niche‐based processes assumes resource use, these results indicate bee communities reflect underlying species‐specific resource preferences (e.g. floral and/or nesting resources) and that longer periods of organic management reduced dissimilarity mediated by species replacement. Our jackknife approach then examined the role of species identity effects in beta diversity, showing changes in floral resources increased dissimilarity driven by bee species loss, but only in landscapes simplified by urbanisation. This jackknife analysis then indicated that landscape resource replacement which was not driven by particular landscape classes, mediated bee species replacement wherein dissimilarity was driven by a generalist native bee, suggesting bee life history (e.g. flexibility in resource use) and landscape complementarity, rather than identity, underlie patterns identified using the beta diversity equations.

Our results show bee communities assemble by niche‐based processes, evidenced by collinearity in resource and bee species turnover. Because niche‐based assembly indicates ecosystem health, farmers who adopt crop diversification and practice organic methods for longer may promote pollinator diversity and stability leading to improved pollination in farms.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fire decreases soil respiration and its components in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Zhou Luhong , Liu Shangshi , Gu Yaning , Wu Linfang , Hu Hang‐Wei , He Ji‐Zheng
Published: October 2023

The impact of fire on above‐ground biomass has significant consequences on soil carbon (C) dynamics, which is essential in predicting the global C budget during the Anthropocene. However, there is considerable spatiotemporal variability in the directions and magnitudes of fire effects on soil respiration, and the drivers associated with these effects are not well understood.

Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 1327 individual observations from 170 studies to determine the extent to which fire influenced soil total respiration (Rs), heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra).

We found fires reduced Rs, Rh and Ra, with an average effect of −11.0%, −17.5% and −40.6%, compared with unburnt sites. Specifically, wildfires significantly reduced Rs and Rh (−20.4% and −25.0%, respectively), and prescribed fire significantly decreased Ra (−74.8%). The influences of fire on Rs and its components were moderated by fire severity, season, type, climate zones and biomes. After several years from the time of the fire, the negative effects of fire on Rs diminished and then recovered to a state not significantly different from unburnt sites; Rh exhibited a similar but decayed temporal response. Similarly, the negative effects on Ra disappeared after 3 years following the latest fire. The magnitude of the effect on Rs was strongly associated with soil temperature, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen (N) content and N‐acquiring enzyme activity. In contrast, the magnitude of the effect on Rh significantly changed with pH, bulk density, texture, soil C and nutrient contents, and C‐acquiring enzyme activity.

Our findings advance the understanding of the inhibition and associated mechanisms of fire on Rs and its components, highlighting the need for new research efforts to predict the spatial‐temporal shifts in underground C‐cycling induced by fire.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
School teachers' knowledge and perceptions of inclusive education in Fiji
Authors: Chitiyo Jonathan , Alasa Victor
Published: October 2023

This study examines teachers' level of knowledge of inclusive education as well as their perceptions of the practice. Participants were a sample of 162 teachers in Fiji. Results indicate that the participants demonstrated professional knowledge of inclusive education, with a good understanding of inclusive education as indicated by their high level of understanding of the important processes involved in its implementation. Significant relationships were found between the demographic variables of school level, years of work experience and participants' knowledge of inclusive education. These findings offer valuable insights into the status of inclusive education in Fiji. Recommendations and implications for practice and future research are provided.
Short vs Long Stem Alternations in Romance Verbal Inflection: The S‐Morphome
Authors: Herce Borja , Cathcart Chundra A.
Published: October 2023

Some verbs in Romance (e.g. the reflexes of faciō ‘do’, dīcō ‘say’, habeō ‘have’, sapiō ‘know’, possum ‘be able’, and volō ‘want’) display alternations between a short (e.g. It. f‐are, f‐a, d‐ire) and a long (e.g. It. fac‐evo, dic‐e, dic‐evo) stem. This paper contains an exploration of the lexical and paradigmatic distribution of these stem alternations across Romance varieties to trace when they emerged, how and why. The results suggest a comparatively early emergence as a result of the interaction between preexisting morphological predictability relations within the paradigm and an evolutionary preference for shorter forms in high‐frequency word forms and lexemes.
Green human resource management and sustainable development performance: organizational ambidexterity and the role of responsible leadership
Authors: Zhao Fuqiang , Wang Longdong , Chen Yun , Hu Wei , Zhu Hanqiu
Published: October 2023

Enterprise green human resource management (GHRM) strives to foster harmonious development among employees and the environment and among employees and the organization, as well as between employees and stakeholders, by stimulating individuals' green behavior, thereby enhancing the sustainable development performance of the enterprise. Based on the questionnaire data of 452 large enterprises in Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, China, from September 2021 to July 2022, and based on the optimal distinctiveness theory and stakeholder theory, this article examined the mediation mechanism and boundary conditions between GHRM and sustainable development performance of enterprises from the perspective of organizational ambidexterity. The results showed that 1) GHRM positively affected organizational ambidexterity and sustainable development performance; 2) organizational ambidexterity mediated the relationship between GHRM and sustainable development performance; 3) responsible leadership moderated the direct effect of GHRM on organizational ambidexterity; and 4) responsible leadership moderated the indirect effect of GHRM on sustainable development performance through organizational ambidexterity. At the organizational level, this study reveals the impact mechanism of GHRM on sustainable development performance and determines the boundary conditions of the impact.
Validation of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk predictor in an Australian general surgical cohort
Authors: Moi Daniel , Olesnicky Ben , Zanjani Negar , Wang Andy , Mulligan Michelle
Published: October 2023

Background

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator from the American College of Surgeons is a widely available tool for peri‐operative risk prediction. This study investigates its predictive performance in an Australian setting.

Methods

A single‐centre retrospective external validation study was conducted at a tertiary referral centre in New South Wales, Australia. Data from a general surgical cohort in a 2‐year period from 2020 to 2021 was collected from the NSQIP database and entered into the NSQIP calculator. The predictive performance of the calculator was analysed across the standard 14 NSQIP postoperative outcome measures at 30 days.

Results

There were 2121 patient records analysed using tests of accuracy and in the discrimination and calibration domains. The overall predictive performance of the NSQIP calculator was reasonable. There was greater accuracy at lower‐risk predictions. At higher‐risk predictions, Readmission, Death, and Discharge to Nursing or Rehab Facility, and Length of Stay were overestimated, whilst other outcomes were underestimated.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates reasonable overall performance of the NSQIP calculator in the context of this cohort and provides data to support the need for locally adapted and validated risk prediction tools for use by Australian perioperative physicians.
Evaluating the impact of transient shear stress on platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation with microfluidic chip technique
Authors: Gao Xuemei , Zhang Tiancong , Huang Xiaojing , Huan Xuanrong , Li Yuan
Published: October 2023

Background

When nonphysiological stenosis occurs, the transient high shear stress formed in vessels increases the risk of thrombosis and is a potential factor for cardiovascular diseases. But the platelet adhesion and aggregation behavior at nonphysiological post‐stenosis and its affecting factors are not fully understood yet.

Methods

In this experiment, platelet aggregation on collagen and fibrinogen at different shear stresses and different hematocrits were observed by microfluidic technology. Platelet activation (P‐selectin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and monocyte‐platelet aggregate (MPA) levels under different shear stresses were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results

On fibrinogen, platelets aggregate more at higher shear stress conditions. While on collagen, it becomes more difficult for platelets to form stable aggregation at higher shear stress conditions. If platelets adhere initially at low shear stress, stable platelet aggregation can be formed at subsequent high shear stress. Moreover, when the shear stress increases, platelet activity markers (P‐selectin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and MPAs) increase significantly. Hematocrit affects the degree of platelet aggregation, and the influence of hematocrit is obvious at high shear stress.

Conclusion

Transient high shear stress (46 ms) can effectively activate platelets. Platelet aggregation behavior was different for coated fibrinogen and collagen protein. Stable platelet adhesion at post‐stenosis is more dependent on fibrinogen and platelet aggregation is stable on both fibrinogen and collagen. Hematocrit can significantly affect the formation of platelet aggregation.
Mental health, pain and tiredness in adults born very preterm or with very low birthweight
Authors: Hollund Ingrid Marie Husby , Aakvik Kristina Anna Djupvik , Benum Silje Dahl , Ingvaldsen Sigrid Hegna , Lydersen Stian , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Hovi Petteri , Räikkönen Katri , Kajantie Eero , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Baumann Nicole , Wolke Dieter , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari Anne I.
Published: October 2023

Aim

Adults born preterm have increased risk of mental health problems and other neurodevelopmental conditions. We aimed to investigate associations of mental health with pain and tiredness in adults born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks) or very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g) and at term, and whether these associations are influenced by physical activity.

Methods

As part of an EU Horizon 2020 project, individual participant data from six prospective cohort studies were harmonised for 617 VP/VLBW and 1122 term‐born participants. Mental health was assessed by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Adult Self‐Report. Pain and tiredness were harmonised based on specific items from self‐reported questionnaires. Associations between mental health and pain or tiredness were explored by linear regression.

Results

An increase in the mental health scales internalising, externalising and total problems was associated with increased pain and tiredness in the preterm and term group alike. Results were maintained when adjusting for physical activity.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that associations between mental health, pain and tiredness in adults are independent of gestation or birthweight. Future research should explore other potential mechanisms that may underlie the increased risk of mental health problems in the preterm population.
Novel symptom clusters predict disease impact and healthcare utilisation in inflammatory bowel disease: Prospective longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Riggott Christy , Fairbrass Keeley M. , Black Christopher J. , Gracie David J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: October 2023

Background

Predicting adverse disease outcomes and high‐volume users of healthcare amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult.

Aims

The aim of this study is to use latent class analysis to create novel clusters of patients and to assess whether these predict outcomes during 6.5 years of longitudinal follow‐up.

Methods

Baseline demographic features, disease activity indices, anxiety, depression, and somatoform symptom‐reporting scores were recorded for 692 adults. Faecal calprotectin (FC) was analysed at baseline in 348 (50.3%) patients (<250 mcg/g defined biochemical remission). Using baseline gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, latent class analysis identified specific patient clusters. Rates of glucocorticosteroid prescription or flare, escalation, hospitalisation, or intestinal resection were compared between clusters using multivariate Cox regression.

Results

A three‐cluster model was the optimum solution; 132 (19.1%) patients had below‐average gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms (cluster 1), 352 (50.9%) had average levels of gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms (cluster 2), and 208 (30.1%) had the highest levels of both gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms (cluster 3). Compared with cluster 1, cluster 3 had significantly increased risk of flare or glucocorticosteroid prescription (hazard ratio (HR): 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46–3.10), escalation (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.34–2.76), a composite of escalation, hospitalisation, or intestinal resection (HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.45–2.88), or any of the endpoints of interest (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.45–2.93). Healthcare utilisation was highest in cluster 3.

Conclusions

Novel model‐based clusters identify patients with IBD at higher risk of adverse disease outcomes who are high‐volume users of healthcare.
Towards a critical‐conceptual analysis of ‘research culture’
Authors: Callard Felicity
Published: October 2023

Universities and policymakers increasingly use ‘research culture’ and ‘research environment’ to govern as well as describe research. Both terms help frame who is considered a research actor; how researchers interact with the contexts in which they make knowledge; and what is considered malleable when attempting to improve how research is done. There are very few conceptual‐critical analyses of either term, even as each is a complex abstraction with rich and contested histories and usage. I explore both, largely using the example of the United Kingdom (where improving ‘research culture’ is currently prioritised by many funders, and will be assessed by the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2028). Research culture has a close relationship with the concept organisational culture, which emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s and prioritised particular – frequently psychological – constructs that focused on the norms, values, and attitudes of an organisation. ‘Research labour’ – the labour relations that underpin how people work together and shape organisational norms, values, and relational dependencies – tends to drop from view. Geographers have much to offer these debates, given how extensively the discipline has contributed to what culture and environment might mean. Institutional, national, and sectoral policies concerning research culture and environment significantly shape how knowledge‐making is understood and intervened on. The processes that ‘research culture’ and ‘research environment’ authorise and foreclose require greater examination.
Development of fidelity of delivery and enactment measures for interventions in communication disorders
Authors: Volkmer Anna , Beeke Suzanne , Warren Jason D. , Spector Aimee , Walton Holly
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study was part of a process evaluation for a single‐blind, randomized controlled pilot study comparing Better Conversations with Primary Progressive Aphasia (BCPPA), an approach to communication partner training, with no speech and language therapy treatment. It was necessary to explore fidelity of delivery (delivery of intervention components) and intervention enactment (participants' use of intervention skills in the form of conversation behaviours comprising facilitators, that enhance the conversational flow, and barriers, that impeded the flow of conversation). This study aimed to: (1) Outline an adapted methodological process that uses video observation, to measure both fidelity of delivery and enactment. (2) Measure the extent to which the BCPPA pilot study was delivered as planned, and enacted.

Design

Observational methods were used alongside statistical analysis to explore the fidelity of intervention and enactment using video recordings obtained from the BCPPA pilot study.

Methods

A 5‐step methodology, was developed to measure fidelity of delivery and enactment for the BCPPA study using video‐recorded data. To identify delivery of intervention components, a random sample of eight video recorded and transcribed BCPPA intervention sessions was coded. To examine the enactment of conversation behaviours, 108 transcribed 10 ‐min‐video recorded conversations were coded from 18 participants across the control and intervention group.

Results

Checklists and guidelines for measurement of fidelity of treatment delivery and coding spreadsheets and guidelines for measurement of enactment are presented. Local collaborators demonstrated 87.2% fidelity to the BCPPA protocol. Participants in the BCPPA treatment group increased their use of facilitator behaviours enacted in conversation from a mean of 13.5 pre‐intervention to 14.2 post‐intervention, whilst control group facilitators decreased from a mean of 15.5 to 14.4, over the same timescale.

Conclusions

This study proposes a novel and robust methods, using video recorded intervention sessions and conversation samples, to measure both fidelity of intervention delivery and enactment. The learnings from this intervention are transferable to other communication interventions.
Cross‐border technology investments in recession
Authors: Sun Juliana Yu , Zheng Huanhuan
Published: October 2023

Utilizing industry‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) from 72 source markets to 122 destination markets between 2003 to 2018, we evaluate how cross‐border technology investments respond to economic recessions. We find that FDI embedded with intensive research and development (R&D) drops when the destination market is in a recession and the source market is in a normal state and recovers to the pre‐recession levels when both destination and source markets are in recession. However, there is little evidence that recessions affect cross‐border investments in other aspects of technology measured by the penetration of robots, intellectual property products and information and communications technology (ICT). The response of R&D‐intensive FDI to recessions is particularly pronounced in deep and long recessions, during the propagation stage of recessions and in destination markets with relatively weak institutional protection of intellectual property and rule of law, loose FDI regulation and high financial development. Our findings are limited to advanced markets: there is no evidence that R&D‐intensive FDI from or to emerging markets responds to either destination or source market recessions.
Biological performance of a novel bovine hydroxyapatite in a guided bone regeneration model: A preclinical study in a mandibular defect in dogs
Authors: De Carvalho Bruno , Dory Emilie , Trus Caroline , Pirson Justine , Germain Loïc , Lecloux Geoffrey , Lambert France , Rompen Eric
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This preclinical model study aims to evaluate the performance and safety of a novel hydroxyapatite biomaterial (Wishbone Hydroxyapatite, WHA) on guided bone regeneration compared to a commercially available deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio‐Oss, BO).

Material and Methods

Twenty‐four beagle dogs were allocated to three timepoint cohorts (4, 12, and 26 weeks) of eight animals each. In all animals, four critical‐sized, independent wall mandibular defects were created (32 defects/cohort). Each animal received all four treatments, allocated randomly to separated defects: WHA + collagen membrane (M), BO + M, no treatment (Sham, Sh), and Sh + M. At each timepoint, the specimens were harvested for histologic and histomorphometric analyses to determine the newly formed bone and osteoconductivity.

Results

At 4 weeks, bone regeneration was significantly higher for WHA + M (46.8%) when compared to BO + M (21.4%), Sh (15.1%), and Sh + M (23.1%) (p < 0.05); at 12 and 26 weeks, regeneration was similar for WHA and BO. Bone‐to‐material contact increased over time similarly for WHA + M and BO + M. From a safety point of view, inflammation attributed to WHA + M or BO + M was minimal; necrosis or fatty infiltrate was absent.

Conclusions

WHA + M resulted in higher bone regeneration rate than BO + M at 4 weeks. Both BO + M and WHA + M were more efficient than both Sh groups at all timepoints. Safety and biocompatibility of WHA was favorable and comparable to that of BO.