bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDURG TRIAL Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Indocyanine Green during Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Muñoz Campaña Anna , Farre-Alins Pau , Gracia-Roman Raquel , Campos-Serra Andrea , Llaquet-Bayo Heura , Vitiello Giulia , Lucas-Guerrero Victoria , Marrano Enrico , Gonzalez-Castillo Ana-Maria , Vila-Tura Marina , García-Borobia Francisco-Javier , Mora Lopez Laura ,   on behalf of The INDURG TRIAL Collaborative Group
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common gastrointestinal surgeries, and bile duct injury is one of its main complications. The use of real-time indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography allows the identification of extrahepatic biliary structures, facilitating the procedure and reducing the risk of bile duct lesions. A better visualization of the bile duct may help to reduce the need for conversion to open surgery, and may also shorten operating time. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the use of indocyanine green is associated with a reduction in operating time in emergency cholecystectomies. Secondary outcomes are the postoperative hospital stay, the correct intraoperative visualization of the Calot’s Triangle structures with the administration of indocyanine green, and the intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Methods: This is a randomized, prospective, controlled, multicenter trial with patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis requiring emergency cholecystectomy. The control group will comprise 220 patients undergoing emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy applying the standard technique. The intervention group will comprise 220 patients also undergoing emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis with prior administration of indocyanine green. Conclusion: Due to the lack of published studies on ICG in emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy, this study may help to establish procedures for its use in the emergency setting.
Onco-Hypertension in Patients with Kidney Disease
Authors: Pandey Shubhi , Kashfi Simon , Hong Susana , Kalaria Amar , Kim Agnes S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Cancer, hypertension, and kidney disease are closely interrelated. Knowledge of the inadvertent hypertensive and nephrotoxic effects of antineoplastic medications is critical to minimizing interruptions in cancer treatment. Summary: Antineoplastic medications can cause hypertension, proteinuria, and kidney injury, often mediated by common mechanisms. Notably, inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway have the strongest association with both hypertension and proteinuria, typically acute in onset and often reversible after drug discontinuation. The abrupt rise in blood pressure can cause clinically significant hypertensive syndromes and contribute to overall morbidity. Significant proteinuria can herald kidney failure. Close monitoring of blood pressure and renal function during antineoplastic therapy and appropriate hypertension treatment are important. This article reviews available literature and proposes a step-by-step approach to manage cancer patients with concurrent hypertension and kidney disease. Key Messages: For antineoplastic medications with known hypertensive effect, blood pressure should be checked at baseline and serially during cancer treatment. Hypertensive crisis with end-organ damage, significant proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and/or unexplained acute kidney injury necessitate drug cessation until further evaluation and resolution. In patients with chronic kidney disease and cancer therapy-related hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker is the preferred antihypertensive choice. Finally, multidisciplinary collaboration in these patients will yield the best results.
Evolution of Surgical Management of Pineal Region Tumors in the Pediatric Population: A 17-Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Patel Nirali , Marino Alexandria , Tang Tianzhi , Chesney Kelsi , Bryant Jean Paul , Robison Trae , Keating Robert F. , Myseros John S. , Syed Hasan R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Pineal region tumors have historically been challenging to treat. Advances in surgical techniques have led to significant changes in care and outcomes for these patients, and this is well demonstrated by our single institution’s experience over a 17-year-period in which the evolution of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pineal tumors in pediatric patients will be outlined. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on all pediatric patients with pineal region lesions treated with surgery at Children’s National Hospital (CNH) from 2005 to 2021. Variables analyzed included presenting symptoms, presence of hydrocephalus, diagnostic and surgical approach, pathology, and adverse events, among others. IRB approval was obtained (IRB: STUDY00000009), and consent was waived due to minimal risk to patients included. Results: A total of 43 pediatric patients with pineal region tumors were treated during a 17-year period. Most tumors in our series were germinomas (n = 13, 29.5%) followed by pineoblastomas (n = 10, 22.7%). Twenty seven of the 43 patients (62.8%) in our series received a biopsy to establish diagnosis, and 44.4% went on to have surgery for resection. The most common open approach was posterior interhemispheric (PIH, transcallosal) – used for 59.3% of the patients. Gross total resection was achieved in 50%; recurrence occurred in 20.9% and mortality in 11% over a median follow-up of 47 months. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was employed to treat hydrocephalus in 26 of the 38 patients (68.4%) and was significantly more likely to be performed from 2011 to 2021. Most (73%) of the patients who received an ETV also underwent a concurrent endoscopic biopsy. No difference was found in recurrence rate or mortality in patients who underwent resection compared to those who did not, but complications were more frequent with resection. There was disagreement between frozen and final pathology in 18.4% of biopsies. Conclusion: This series describes the evolution of surgical approaches and outcomes over a 17-year-period at a single institution. Complication rates were higher with open resection, reinforcing the safety of pursuing endoscopic biopsy as an initial approach. The most significant changes occurred in the preferential use of ETVs over ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Though there has been a significant evolution in our understanding of and treatment for these tumors, in our series, the outcomes for these patients have not significantly changed over that time.
Progredienzangst: Online-Intervention für Brustkrebspatientinnen
Authors: Zimmermann Tanja
Published: April 2024

Objective: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a distressing concern among cancer survivors. Interventions to address FCR need to be effective but also accessible and low cost. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an online group-based psychological intervention for FCR (ConquerFear-Group). Methods: Eligible breast cancer (BC) survivors had completed primary treatment 3 months-5 years previously, were ≥18 years, and scored ≥22 on the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form (FCRI-SF). Participants were randomized to online ConquerFear-Group (focusing on metacognitive strategies, values-clarification, and education about follow-up behavior) or online group-based relaxation training (active control). Questionnaires were completed at baseline (T1), 1 week post-intervention (T2), three (T3) and six (T4) months later. The primary outcome was FCR (FCRI total). A number of secondary and process outcomes were also collected. Treatment effects were evaluated with mixed linear models. Results: Of 866 eligible BC survivors, 475 (55%) completed the FCR screening, and 85 (18%) were randomized to ConquerFear-Group or relaxation training (2 × 6 groups). Compared with control participants, ConquerFear-Group participants experienced larger reductions in FCR (Cohen's d = 0.47, p = 0.001) and FCR severity (d = 0.57, p < 0.001), as well as mindfulness and decentering from baseline through follow-up, and improvements in emotion regulation (T2), worry (T2, T3) and rumination (T2) at some time points.
Mitochondrial CO1 gene haplotype diversity of Sumatran Tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae (Pocock, 1929) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae)
Authors: Ashrifurrahman  , Simamora Saruedi , Ritonga Rusdiyan , Novarino Wilson , Hon Tjong Djong , Rizaldi  , Syaifullah  , Imelda Roesma Dewi
Published: April 2024

Sumatran Tigers Panthera tigris sumatrae inhabit 12 tiger conservation landscapes that stretch across Sumatra Island. Conservation efforts for these species require robust, information-based research, including a genetic approach. This study analyzed the haplotype diversity of P. t. sumatrae based on the mitochondrial CO1 (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1) gene. Specifically, a nucleotide guanine at position 121 was found, distinguishing P. t. sumatrae from other tiger subspecies. Among the 17 sequences of P. t. sumatrae, two haplotypes were detected: 13 individuals were in haplotype 1 (Hap_1), and four individuals were in haplotype 2 (Hap_2). Hap_1 individuals predominantly originated from Riau and North Sumatra, while Hap_2 individuals were primarily from West Sumatra. Haplotype diversity (Hd) (0.382±0.113) and nucleotide diversity (pi) (0.00038±0.00011) confirmed the low genetic diversity. Five seized samples exhibited Hap_2, suggesting they might have originated from Riau and North Sumatra. However, this result cannot be described as current due to the significant changes in P. t. sumatrae habitat. Further genetic studies, such as whole-genome analysis, are needed to detect the origin and variation of P. t. sumatrae across all landscapes.
DNA barcoding reveals a new population of the threatened Atlantic Forest frog Sphaenorhynchus canga
Authors: Santana Diego J. , Yves André , Pereira Elvis A. , Carvalho Priscila S. , Lima Lúcio M. C. , Costa Henrique C. , Shepard Donald B.
Published: April 2024

Species identification plays a significant role in biodiversity conservation. As many species remain unrecognized, particularly in neotropical hotspots like the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF), novel molecular techniques are being widely employed to bridge this gap. In this study, we used DNA barcoding and phylogenetic tools to identify a new population of Sphaenorynchus canga in the central region of the Brazilian AF. Our results extend the species’ known distribution by approximately 200 km to the south, encompassing a different mountain range than its type locality (Serra do Espinhaço). This disjunct distribution, while not uncommon among amphibians, suggests a historical connection between these two mountain complexes as a biogeographic explanation. Despite the discovery of a new S. canga population, the species continues to face numerous anthropogenic threats such as mining, land use, and cattle ranching. Urgent conservation and research efforts are warranted to ensure the survival of S. canga populations across these habitats.
Ecological values of Ourkiss wetland (Oum El Bouaghi province - Algeria), an overview of waterbirds diversity and richness
Authors: Aissaoui Ryadh , Bara Mouslim
Published: April 2024

The monitoring of waterbirds’ abundance and richness serves as the primary method for scientists to characterize the ecological values and diversity profile of wetlands. This survey was specifically conducted in Ourkiss wetland, situated in the Oum El Bouaghi province of East Algeria, spanning from January to May 2013. The study aimed to elucidate the ecological significance of Ourkiss wetland by analyzing various parameters, including the abundance, richness, diversity profile, and conservation status of its waterbird population. A total of 23 species, representing 11 families, were documented during the survey period, with Anatidae and Rallidae emerging as the most prevalent taxa. Notably, Ourkiss wetland exhibited two distinct populations: the “wintering population” and the “breeding population,” with significant waterbird activity observed during migration between the northern and southern regions. The presence of the endangered species Oxyura leucocephala further underscores the ecological importance of this wetland. Noteworthy peaks in waterbird diversity were particularly observed in April, as indicated by richness and Shannon indices. To safeguard the ecological integrity of Ourkiss wetland, it is strongly recommended to intensify conservation efforts and implement effective management plans.
Potential first record of parrotfish Scarus zufar (Randall & Hoover, 1995) (Actinopterygii: Labriformes: Scaridae) from Indian waters, at Netrani Island, Karnataka, India
Authors: Divan Patel Farai , Jamalabad Abhishek , Charloo Venkatesh , Josh Jeremy
Published: April 2024

This note provides the first record of a species very similar to the Parrotfish Scarus zufar (Randall & Hoover, 1995) from India at Netrani Island, Karnataka, in March and April 2023 during SCUBA surveys. This record is the first between two seemingly disjointed observations in Pakistan and Bangladesh and highlights the importance of surveys along India’s western coast reefs.
New distribution record of fungi Mycena chlorophos (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc. (Mycenaceae) from the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Koli Yogesh , Umesh Pawar  , Mangesh Mangaonkar  , Pravin Sawant  , Gurunath Kadam
Published: April 2024

Bioluminescence is the generation and emission of light by living things. In the present investigation, Mycena chorophos is reported for the first time from the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. We observed tiny, luminous clumps of Mycena chlorophos on a rotten bamboo substratum. The fungi grow in clusters of one or more individuals.
Extended distribution of Ceropegia bhatii S.R.Yadav & Shendage (Apocynaceae)—an endemic plant from Haveri District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Ningaraj S. Makanur  , K. Kotresha
Published: April 2024

Ceropegia bhatii S.R.Yadav & Shendage (Apocynaceae), an endemic and Critically Endangered plant was documented in the Haveri district, Karnataka, India. After 14 years it was recollected for the first time next to its type locality. Circumstantial note on description, distribution and color photo plate is provided.
Small Paa Frog and Marbled Cascade Frog are not endemic to Nepal: a response to Tachamo-Shah et al. 2023
Authors: Aryal Chandramani
Published: April 2024

Response to ‘Wetland biodiversity of Ramaroshan Lake complex: a need for conservation’ on JoTT Vol 16 issue 12 . Many information in the article promising, highlighting the additional attention the area should receive for conservation. However, there are some aspects, particularly that are related to conservation status and endemism of amphibian species  which is misleading, making me to realize to write this response.
Antiarrhythmic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Post-Myocardial Infarction Scar
Authors: Martínez-Falguera Daina , Aranyó Júlia , Teis Albert , Ferrer-Curriu Gemma , Monguió-Tortajada Marta , Fadeuilhe Edgar , Rodríguez-Leor Oriol , Díaz-Güemes Idoia , Roura Santiago , Villuendas Roger , Sarrias Axel , Bazan Victor , Delgado Victoria , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Bisbal Felipe , Gálvez-Montón Carolina
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is superior to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in reducing the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, but its mechanistic data on myocardial scar after myocardial infarction (MI) are lacking. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of Sac/Val on inflammation, fibrosis, electrophysiological properties, and ventricular tachycardia inducibility in post-MI scar remodeling in swine.

METHODS:

After MI, 22 pigs were randomized to receive β-blocker (BB; control, n=8) or BB+Sac/Val (Sac/Val, n=9). The systemic immune response was monitored. Cardiac magnetic resonance data were acquired at 2-day and 29-day post MI to assess ventricular remodeling. Programmed electrical stimulation and high-density mapping were performed at 30-day post MI to assess ventricular tachycardia inducibility. Myocardial samples were collected for histological analysis.

RESULTS:

Compared with BB, BB+Sac/Val reduced acute circulating leukocytes (
P
=0.009) and interleukin-12 levels (
P
=0.024) at 2-day post MI, decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes (
P
=0.047) at 15-day post MI, and reduced scar mass (
P
=0.046) and border zone mass (
P
=0.043). It also lowered the number and mass of border zone corridors (
P
=0.009 and
P
=0.026, respectively), scar collagen I content (
P
=0.049), and collagen I/III ratio (
P
=0.040). Sac/Val reduced ventricular tachycardia inducibility (
P
=0.034) and the number of deceleration zones (
P
=0.016).

CONCLUSIONS:

After MI, compared with BB, BB+Sac/Val was associated with reduced acute systemic inflammatory markers, reduced total scar and border zone mass on late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and lower ventricular tachycardia inducibility.
Regeneration of Nonhuman Primate Hearts With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiac Spheroids
Authors: Kobayashi Hideki , Tohyama Shugo , Ichimura Hajime , Ohashi Noburo , Chino Shuji , Soma Yusuke , Tani Hidenori , Tanaka Yuki , Yang Xiao , Shiba Naoko , Kadota Shin , Haga Kotaro , Moriwaki Taijun , Morita-Umei Yuika , Umei Tomohiko C. , Sekine Otoya , Kishino Yoshikazu , Kanazawa Hideaki , Kawagishi Hiroyuki , Yamada Mitsuhiko , Narita Kazumasa , Naito Takafumi , Seto Tatsuichiro , Kuwahara Koichiro , Shiba Yuji , Fukuda Keiichi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The clinical application of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac repair commenced with the epicardial delivery of engineered cardiac tissue; however, the feasibility of the direct delivery of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived CMs into the cardiac muscle layer, which has reportedly induced electrical integration, is unclear because of concerns about poor engraftment of CMs and posttransplant arrhythmias. Thus, in this study, we prepared purified human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac spheroids (hiPSC-CSs) and investigated whether their direct injection could regenerate infarcted nonhuman primate hearts.

METHODS:

We performed 2 separate experiments to explore the appropriate number of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived CMs. In the first experiment, 10 cynomolgus monkeys were subjected to myocardial infarction 2 weeks before transplantation and were designated as recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 2×10
7
CMs or the vehicle. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after transplantation for histological analysis, and cardiac function and arrhythmia were monitored during the observational period. In the second study, we repeated the equivalent transplantation study using more CMs (6×10
7
CMs).

RESULTS:

Recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 2×10
7
CMs showed limited CM grafts and transient increases in fractional shortening compared with those of the vehicle (fractional shortening at 4 weeks after transplantation [mean ± SD]: 26.2±2.1%; 19.3±1.8%;
P
<0.05), with a low incidence of posttransplant arrhythmia. Transplantation of increased dose of CMs resulted in significantly greater engraftment and long-term contractile benefits (fractional shortening at 12 weeks after transplantation: 22.5±1.0%; 16.6±1.1%;
P
<0.01, left ventricular ejection fraction at 12 weeks after transplantation: 49.0±1.4%; 36.3±2.9%;
P
<0.01). The incidence of posttransplant arrhythmia slightly increased in recipients of hiPSC-CSs containing 6×10
7
CMs.

CONCLUSIONS:

We demonstrated that direct injection of hiPSC-CSs restores the contractile functions of injured primate hearts with an acceptable risk of posttransplant arrhythmia. Although the mechanism for the functional benefits is not fully elucidated, these findings provide a strong rationale for conducting clinical trials using the equivalent CM products.
Assessment of the macrovascular contribution to resting-state fMRI functional connectivity at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhong Xiaole Z. , Tong Yunjie , Chen J. Jean
Published: April 2024

In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) mapping, temporal correlation is widely assumed to reflect synchronized neural-related activity. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the potential vascular effects on FC, little research has been conducted on FC resulting from macrovascular signal fluctuations. Previously, our study found (Tong, Yao, et al., 2019) a robust anti-correlation between the fMRI signals in the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein (and the sagittal sinus). The present study extends the previous study to include all detectable major veins and arteries in the brain in a systematic analysis of the macrovascular contribution to the functional connectivity of the whole-gray matter (GM). This study demonstrates that: (1) The macrovasculature consistently exhibited strong correlational connectivity among itself, with the sign of the correlations varying between arterial and venous connectivity; (2) GM connectivity was found to have a strong macrovascular contribution, stronger from veins than arteries; (3) FC originating from the macrovasculature displayed disproportionately high spatial variability compared to that associated with all GM voxels; and (4) macrovascular contributions to connectivity were still evident well beyond the confines of the macrovascular space. These findings highlight the extensive contribution to rs-fMRI blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and FC predominantly by large veins, but also by large arteries. These findings pave the way for future studies aimed at more comprehensively modeling and thereby removing these macrovascular contributions.
Data Efficiency, Dimensionality Reduction, and the Generalized Symmetric Information Bottleneck
Authors: Martini K. Michael , Nemenman Ilya
Published: April 2024

The symmetric information bottleneck (SIB), an extension of the more familiar information bottleneck, is a dimensionality-reduction technique that simultaneously compresses two random variables to preserve information between their compressed versions. We introduce the generalized symmetric information bottleneck (GSIB), which explores different functional forms of the cost of such simultaneous reduction. We then explore the data set size requirements of such simultaneous compression. We do this by deriving bounds and root-mean-squared estimates of statistical fluctuations of the involved loss functions. We show that in typical situations, the simultaneous GSIB compression requires qualitatively less data to achieve the same errors compared to compressing variables one at a time. We suggest that this is an example of a more general principle that simultaneous compression is more data efficient than independent compression of each of the input variables.
The Brill Knowledge Graph: A Database of Bibliographic References and Index Terms Extracted from Books in Humanities and Social Sciences
Authors: Kokash Natallia , Romanello Matteo , Suyver Ernest , Colavizza Giovanni
Published: April 2024

With the recognition of content discoverability and information analytics in the scientific publishing industry, more and more effort is dedicated to digitization and automated analysis of scholarly publications. As part of this effort, the authors designed a pipeline to extract structured information from bibliography and index lists of existing scholarly publications, as well as to disambiguate and export it as linked data. In this article, the authors present the Brill Knowledge Graph (kg), obtained by applying this pipeline to a corpus of books in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (ahss) provided by the publisher Brill.
A Case for the Inclusion of Informal Social Protection in Social Policy Theory and Practice—Lessons From Nigeria and Pakistan
Authors: Mumtaz Zahid , Enworo Oko Chima , Mokomane Zitha
Published: April 2024

This paper argues for the integration of informal social protection into social policy theory and practice through a comparative analysis of informal mechanisms in Pakistan and Nigeria. In developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa, where formal social protection coverage is limited, informal social protection plays a crucial role in addressing gaps in the welfare system. The findings not only contribute to a comprehensive understanding of welfare systems but also support for the cohesive integration of formal and informal social protection, providing evidence for policy improvements in developing and less developed countries.
VIEW: An Assessment of Problem-Solving Style - 20 Years of Progress
Authors: Isaksen Scott G. , Hoßbach Christian
Published: April 2024

While the ability to solve complex problems creatively is among the most important skills for contemporary jobs, understanding individual differences how people prefer to engage in individual or collaborative problem-solving becomes increasingly important. VIEW an assessment of problem-solving style has been specifically designed to measure these preferences at the intersection of creativity and problem-solving. This article summarizes the progress that has been made in the past twenty years of research since the instrument was launched. The available evidence shows that the instrument meets contemporary standards of reliability and validity justifying its application in research and practice. Looking ahead, we conclude with promising areas for further developing the assessment and future research on problem-solving styles that addresses emerging phenomena such as collaborating across hybrid work environments or using artificial intelligence tools.
Identifying Risk and Protective Factors in Research on Mental Health and Black American Adolescents: 1990 Through 2022
Authors: Loyd Aerika Brittian , Humphries Marisha L. , Moore Ceily , Owens Chastity L. , Smith Aremu M. , Williams Nia
Published: April 2024

This literature review synthesizes research on Black American adolescents’ mental health published between 1990 and 2022 to identify prominent risk factors and highlight key protective factors for their mental health. Two research questions guided this review: (a) How did researchers examine mental health in Black American adolescents; and (b) What are the risk and protective factors that contribute to mental health outcomes among Black American adolescents? Across more than 30 years of investigation and over 300 published articles, researchers identified several prominent factors that pose risk to Black American adolescents’ mental health, including neighborhood conditions, violence exposure and victimization, racism and racial discrimination, and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research also elucidated factors that protect or directly promote Black American adolescents’ mental health, including family, racial and ethnic socialization, racial and ethnic identity, out-of-school time activities, interpersonal relationships, coping, sleep, and social-cognition. The authors conclude with future directions for research and implications for practice.
The Privileges We Do and Do Not See: The Relative Salience of Interpersonal and Circumstantial Benefits
Authors: Smith Julia M. , Davidai Shai , Gilovich Tom
Published: April 2024

People attend more to disadvantages in their lives than to advantages, a phenomenon known as the Headwinds/Tailwinds Asymmetry. In seven studies ( N = 1,526), we present an important caveat to this pattern: When people do notice and acknowledge their advantages, they mostly focus on the benefits they receive from other people (i.e., interpersonal benefits), as opposed to benefits they receive because of their demographics, personal traits, and life circumstances (i.e., circumstantial benefits). We demonstrate that people notice and remember others who helped them rather than hurt them and that they notice the help they receive from people more than from favorable, non-interpersonal factors. Finally, we find that the tendency to notice interpersonal advantages is related to a social norm requiring people to acknowledge helpful others (but not other advantages) and that changing the salience of this norm affects people’s likelihood of acknowledging the support they have received from others.
The relationship between L2 learners’ production and perception of English vowels: The role of native-speaker acoustic patterns in production
Authors: Song Jae Yung , Eckman Fred
Published: April 2024

Despite the abundance of research on the relationship between second language (L2) learners’ production and perception of target-language contrasts, the nature and details of this connection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the relationship by investigating whether learners who can produce L2 vowels with the same acoustic properties as those used by native speakers of the target language also perceive the vowels more accurately. To this end, we examined the production and perception of two English vowel contrasts (tense /i/ vs. lax /ɪ/, mid /ε/ vs. low /æ/) in 29 native-speakers of American English and 33 L2 learners of English from three native-language backgrounds: Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish. We found that the L2 learners who produced distinctions between the target vowels using the same acoustic properties as do native speakers of English had significantly better perception scores for these vowels compared to the learners who distinguished the vowels using a pattern of acoustic properties that is not used by native speakers. This was also true when their patterns were compared to the learners who did not make any acoustic distinctions at all. The findings provide compelling evidence that L2 learners’ production patterns are linked to their perception skills.
Children’s and adolescents’ engagement with music and the potential for (digital) empowerment processes: A text-mining-supported scoping review
Authors: Smolarczyk Kathrin , Birnbaum Lisa , Christ Alexander , Kröner Stephan
Published: April 2024

Extracurricular and out-of-school engagement with music is often associated with positive effects for musical goals while also holding potential for developmental and empowerment processes. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance and the potential of digital technologies for facilitating musical engagement. The emergence of digitally transformed musicking has added complexity to the already multifaceted and complex field of research on non-formal musical engagement. Thus, the aims of this text-mining-supported scoping review are (1) to map and describe the underlying research topics in the field of children’s and adolescents’ musical engagement, (2) to explore potential for empowerment processes, and (3) to identify the extent to which digital aspects emerge. Based on N = 624 articles, a topic-modeling procedure yielded k = 10 topics covering cognitive, emotional and attitudinal, youth cultural and digital aspects. Among these, one predominantly digital topic comprised studies on the production and consumption of music. Implications for the potential for empowerment can be drawn from studies that focus on youth cultural aspects, such as hip-hop culture and digital aspects. Limitations and implications for further research are discussed, including how to transfer these findings and how new technologies can further enhance music-making and creation.
Emotions and solidarity in unionism: Farewell, Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
Authors: Liu Hong Yu , Tsz Yuk Alex Chan
Published: April 2024

This article is a photo essay that presents the emotions of union activists in Hong Kong on the day the Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU) decided to cease their operation. It is nested within a larger research project on the new unionism movement in Hong Kong triggered by the anti-extradition law protest. Reflecting on these emotions, this article explores the possibility of using photography to facilitate more discussions on unionisation and labour activism. Such reflection could offer much insight into the leftist scholarship on solidarity and the revival of unionism in the contemporary global landscape.
Re-examination of the intumescence mechanism of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/zeolite 4A fire-retarded formulation using advanced spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Caron Matthieu , Ben Tayeb Karima , Bourbigot Serge , Fontaine Gaëlle
Published: April 2024

The mixture of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol is a very efficient intumescent system suitable for polyolefins, especially polypropylene. In this article, the intumescence mechanism of this intumescent system with and without zeolite 4A used as a synergy agent is revisited. The intumescent system was investigated in depth using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and the advanced technique, namely hyperfine sublevel correlation pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. It was observed that the char generated between 250°C and 350°C is made of polycyclic heterocyclic radicals with nitrogen atoms and that free radicals are mainly generated at these temperatures with a spin concentration relatively stable at least up to 500°C. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus was clearly evidenced in the chemical environment of free electrons at 350°C (hyperfine sublevel correlation pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance). Besides, it was also evidenced that 4A totally collapses below 250°C. Contrary to previous works suggesting the presence of aluminosilicophosphate complexes, this work demonstrated that distinct alumino- and silicophosphate complexes are generated and protected the residue at high temperatures.
My body, my voice: Analyzing news sources in the Roe v. Wade Reversal
Authors: Davis Kempton Stefanie E.
Published: April 2024

In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court dissolved federal protection for a woman’s right to an abortion and gave each individual state control over abortion laws. The ruling caused a media frenzy, with news outlets across the United States and the world reporting on the ground-breaking decision. The present study employs a textual analysis of this news coverage in the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal, paying special attention to the people interviewed as news sources. News sources were placed into categories based on occupation and gender and the frequency by which the sources were cited was recorded. Findings suggest that while many of the news sources were women, male politicians’ voices still dominate the narrative of women’s reproductive rights in the United States. Practical implications for journalism, policy and law are discussed as are pathways for future research.
Intention to Act: Predicting Bystander Intervention in Violent Situations in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Woojung Aria , Ackerman Jeffrey , Connell Nadine
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the predictors of bystanders’ intentions to intervene and types of intended intervention in domestic violence (DV) and sexual violence (SV) situations in South Korea. Using nationally representative data from the 2016 National Fact-Finding Survey on Gender Equality ( N = 7,399) and logistic regression-based models, this study focused on two key predictors, bystander gender and attitudes about gender equality, while controlling for age, educational level, and employment status. Our findings indicated that males and females were equally likely to state intentions to intervene in both DV and SV situations. While both males and females were more likely to state that they would intervene indirectly rather than directly, females were even less likely to intervene directly than were males for both situations. Attitudes indicative of gender equality further increased the intention to intervene for DV and SV situations in multivariate models. Gender equality attitudes, however, decreased the intentions to intervene directly in DV but not SV situations. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam among patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
Authors: Maneerot Taweesak , Wongpraphairot Suwikran , Lucksiri Aroonrut , Jaruratanasirikul Sutep , Chaijamorn Weerachai , Ninwisut Nanthawut , Parinyasiri Uraiwan , Suteeka Yuttitham , Pattharachayakul Sutthiporn
Published: April 2024

Currently, pharmacokinetic information on intravenous (IV) piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis) is limited. This study employed a prospective single-dose pharmacokinetic design to assess the pharmacokinetics of IV piperacillin/tazobactam in these patients. Four patients with PD peritonitis who received an IV loading dose of 4000 mg/500 mg piperacillin/tazobactam were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of piperacillin and tazobactam in plasma, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) and urine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Non-compartmental methods were used for pharmacokinetic analysis. During a 6-h dwell time for chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 9.23 ± 4.01% of the piperacillin was recovered in the PDF. This result is greater than that observed in patients without peritonitis in prior research. Piperacillin’s PD clearance (CLPD), steady-state volume of distribution ( Vss) and terminal half-life ( t 1/2) were 5.79 ± 2.55 mL/min, 24.35 ± 11.26 L and 5.74 ± 1.53 h, respectively. These values are also higher than those of patients without peritonitis in a prior study. Eight hours following the loading dosage, the plasma and PDF piperacillin concentrations of all patients (98.25 ± 26.03 and 52.70 ± 22.99 mg/L, respectively) surpassed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute susceptible breakpoints. In summary, the CLPD, Vss and t 1/2 for piperacillin were found to be greater in patients with PD peritonitis than in CAPD patients without peritonitis when compared with the results of a previous study. The IV loading dose of 4000 mg/500 mg piperacillin/tazobactam is sufficient to treat peritonitis caused by susceptible P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of IV piperacillin and tazobactam in this specific patient group should be further investigated.
Exploring university-industry collaboration in Vietnam: An in-depth review of types and influencing factors
Authors: Bui Van Thi Thanh , Takuro Kikkawa
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on University-Industry Collaboration (UIC) in Vietnam, marking the first systematic examination of practice-based studies within the country. Our review aims to identify key forms and factors influencing UIC implementation in Vietnam, recommending future directions and highlighting key facilitators. Following the PRISMA 2009 guidelines, we identified 256 research papers across four databases (Web of Science, ERIC, ProQuest, and Google Scholar), ultimately selecting 25 papers after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducting duplicate removal. Thematic and inductive qualitative content analysis methods were employed to address the review question, revealing observed forms of UIC in Vietnam, including sponsorship, internships, licensing, knowledge transfer, and cooperative recruitment. Influencing factors encompass 10 elements. Our review identifies deficiencies in UIC implementation and suggests potential areas for future development. These findings pave the way for exploring innovative UIC strategies amidst industrialization and globalization.
Learning model predictive controller for wheeled mobile robot with less time delay
Authors: Jalalnezhad Mostafa , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Mansouri Sofiene , Velmurugan Sellappan , Askar Shavan , Alawsi Taif , Alawadi Ahmed , Abbas Ali Hashim
Published: April 2024

The weak spots have been examined, a solution has been suggested, the solution has been applied, and a comparison between the simulation and experimental test results has been given in this work. In order to do this, a nonlinear model predictive controller and a linear quadratic regulator controller have been utilized to control a four-wheel mobile robot during modeling and implementation. But the combination of these classic and modern controllers with machine learning can greatly help to make these controllers work more accurately; As a result, in order to increase the accuracy of the performance of these controllers, by training neural networks of multilayer perceptrons, the controllers have been made intelligent. Controllers with cost function have coefficients as weighting to the matrix of system state variables and control input, which are greatly affected by changing these two weighting matrices of problem solving and optimization. For this reason, it is necessary to extract these two matrices for each separate path in order to improve the performance of the controller by trial and error. But by applying the proposed network which is trained with a new algorithm, not only the performance accuracy has increased, but the network extracts these two matrices without the need to spend human energy. Additionally, by training additional neural networks to optimally extract the benefit of the forecast horizon, fewer calculations and faster solution times have been achieved, helping to reduce the current time delays, particularly in the implementation of the nonlinear controller on the robot in the experimental mode. In the hardware section, the solution time has been shortened by looking at and utilizing operators like the U2D2 interface and the pixy camera, which are quicker than the standard procedure. The information indicates that the proposed intelligence technology reacts 40%–50% quicker than the NMPC standard procedure. The suggested algorithm has also minimized the path tracking error since it extracts the optimal gain at each stage. Moreover, a hardware mode solving speed comparison between the recommended and conventional methods is given. In this domain, a 33% increase in solving speed has been noted.
Book review: Ipshita Nath, Memsahibs: British Women in Colonial India
Authors: Sengupta Ranjana
Published: April 2024

Ipshita Nath, Memsahibs: British Women in Colonial India. Harper Collins, 2022, 325 pp., ₹699 (Hardbound). ISBN: 978-93-5629-008-2.
Systems and Processes Related to Placement of Graduates at Public Health Education Institutions in India
Authors: Dahal Shanti , Puwar Tapaswi , Zodpey Sanjay
Published: April 2024

It is desirable that public health education institutions should ensure the placement of their students in relevant organisations by establishing placement systems and processes. This would help them to achieve the goal of enhancing public health through capacity building. The present study was conducted using survey design, and purposive sampling was used to contact institutions delivering postgraduate level public health education programmes in India. Eighty institutes across India were contacted, out of which 26 institutions participated in the study. The study identified placement initiatives undertaken by various institutions. Institutions are engaged in establishing placement cell; engaging faculty, students, alumni and external contacts in placement process; organising alumni meet and employers’ meet, campus recruitment activities and are also involved in research related to placement. However, these initiatives need to be synchronised so as to effectively strategise the placements. In order to facilitate the placement of graduates effectively, public health education institutions should establish placement systems and processes. The first step in this regard can be creating standard operating procedures (SOPs), which can be referred to as a guiding document by the placement cell. The study brings value to the public health education institutions to adopt a systematic approach towards placement of its graduates.
Does eLearning Require  Self-regulated Discipline? Measuring and Validating a Scale for Online  Self-regulated Learning Quotient
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bamel Umesh
Published: April 2024

Self-regulation has gained much prominence due to its necessity and significance in eLearning environment. The nature of eLearning mandates higher self-regulation to attain efficacy. In this article, we study the Online Self-regulated Learning Quotient (OSLQ) scale as it is a pioneering scale that has been verified for studying self-regulation in eLearning environment. The literature delineates the need to empirically examine the reliability and validity of the OSLQ in various contexts. This study was conducted in two phases on business school students from tier one management institutes in India. In phase 1, we performed qualitative analysis through focus group discussions on a sample of 24 respondents to check the content validity of the scale. In phase 2, we performed quantitative analysis on a sample of 528 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis in phase 2 of the study confirmed six factors. Confirmatory factor analysis in phase 2 of the study confirmed scale validity. Based on the findings, we conclude that OSLQ is a valid and reliable scale to assess self-regulation among Indian students in eLearning context. These findings have added to the theoretical legitimacy of the scale. In terms of practical implication, our findings suggest that OSLQ may be employed in an Indian context. This has significant implications for future research in self-regulation studies in India, especially in the context of eLearning.
Echoes of Spring: Analysing West Asia’s Transformative Moments
Authors: Ashwarya Sujata
Published: April 2024

Talmiz Ahmad, West Asia at War: Repression, Resistance and Great Power Games (Gurugram: HarperCollins Publishers, 2022), 544 pp. ₹799, ISBN: 978-9354-8952-58 (Hardback).

K. P. Fabian, Arab Spring That Was and Wasn’t (Noida: Macmillan Education, 2022), 250 pp. ₹785, ISBN: 978-9356-6601-44 (Hardback).
Numerical vibrational acoustics and sound quality assessment of pipa strings
Authors: Zhao Chenhong , Wen Weiqi , He Xingyu , Liu Yu , Liang Yuying , Shen Chuanpeng , Liu Zhirong , Xu Caiping , Zhu Rui
Published: April 2024

This study harmonizes subjective auditory and psychological elements related to plucked strings with objective physical attributes through spectrum analysis and numerical simulation, confirming the congruity between objective assessment systems and subjective perceptions in evaluating pipa string sound quality. The research combines experimental investigation of plucked pipa string vibrations with detailed numerical simulations of vibrational acoustic fields using a specified 3 N input force. Results demonstrate that as frequency increases (from A4: 440 Hz to E6: 1320 Hz), more pronounced vibrations emerge along the pipa body, leading to heightened overall sound pressure within the vibrational acoustic fields. The sound pressure distribution analysis reveals that the rosewood pipa exhibits significantly lower standard deviations of 41.8% and 41.9% compared to the tung wood pipa, and 24.6% and 32.2% lower than the white wood pipa at 440 Hz and 1320 Hz, respectively, highlighting the rosewood pipa’s superior sound pressure uniformity. Additionally, an assessment of the A4 signal’s Power Spectral Density (PSD) distribution underscores even spectral energy dispersion in the rosewood pipa’s A4 sound signal, with minor resonance peaks in higher-order overtones beyond 5000 Hz, further substantiating the superior sound quality of the rosewood pipa, in line with expert reviews.