bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPECTATIVAS PROFISSIONAIS DOS ESTUDANTES DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Marques Vagner Antônio , Dias Keli Cristina Meireles , Silva Lilian Karolina Correia da
Published: August 2017

Com o crescimento da economia brasileira nos últimos anos, o maior acesso ao ensino superior e o crescimento da oferta de cursos de Ciências Contábeis, agregado a mudança do padrão de normas de contabilidade fez emergir mudanças das expectativas dos profissionais e das empresas no mercado de contabilidade. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as expectativas profissionais de estudantes de Ciências Contábeis de uma instituiçãoprivada de Minas Gerais. A amostra composta por 99 alunos, o que representa 25% do total de alunos matriculados no curso e em torno de 68% do total de alunos matriculados em cada período analisado. A pesquisa de natureza descritiva, survey e com abordagem quantitativa, analisou descritivamente e através do teste não-paramétrico (x²- Qui-quadrado), dados coletados através de questionário aplicado em estudantes de Ciências Contábeis do 2º., 5º. e 8º. períodos entre os meses de agosto a setembro de 2013. Os resultados evidenciaram que os participantes da amostra apresentam nível elevado de satisfação com o curso, o processo didático e a instituição, e com expectativas positivas quanto à profissão. A expectativa salarial gira em torno de 10 e 13 SM´s após três anos de formados. Quanto às áreas de maior interesse destacaram-se a Auditoria e a Perícia e as de menor interesse, a área de Ensino e Pesquisa, e de Mercado de Capitais. Observou-se ainda que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as questões relacionadas às expectativas profissionais, sugerindo uma mudança de percepção com o decorrer dos semestres de curso.
A NATUREZA JURÍDICA DA RECUPERAÇÃO EXTRAJUDICIAL E DA APLICABILIDADE DA TEORIA DA IMPREVISÃO
Authors: Viegas Cláudia Mara
Published: August 2017

A recuperação extrajudicial, instituída pelos artigos 161 a 167 da Lei nº 11.101/05, sobreveio ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro como meio de viabilizar a renegociação parcial das dívidas, se consubstanciando na tentativa de solução amigável dos débitos do empresário em situação econômico-financeira vulnerável e seus respectivos credores.  Nesta perspectiva, tem assumido um papel de destaque no meio empresarial, sendo o Plano de Recuperação o instrumento necessário para formalizá-la. A natureza jurídica deste instituto e, consequentemente, de seu instrumento, é controvertida, por parte da doutrina que defende a natureza institucional e outra, na qual me filio, que o considera, em sua essência, um autêntico negócio jurídico, sobretudo porque sua amplitude assimila o conteúdo principiológico e conceitual dos contratos privados. Superada a análise acerca da natureza jurídica do plano extrajudicial, abordar-se-á a possibilidade de aplicação da Teoria da Imprevisão no instrumento jurídico constituído, como contrato mercantil, e a peculiaridade quanto ao grau de flexibilização do instituto da revisão face à presunção de igualdade negocial presente nas relações desta natureza. Pretende-se, portanto, estudar as características essenciais do instituto da recuperação extrajudicial de empresas, analisando a estrutura do plano no que tange à autonomia dos credores na sua elaboração e aprovação, destacando a homologação obrigatória, bem como, analisar a possibilidade de aplicação da Teoria da Imprevisão na tratativa negocial deste instrumento, notadamente, considerando a realidade de mercado em que está incluído.
Ações educativas em políticas públicas de alimentação
Authors: Silva Antonio Carlos Barbosa , Barbosa da Silva Marina Coimbra casadei
Published: August 2017

Embora o Brasil seja um dos maiores produtores de alimentos do mundo e possuir rica cultura alimentar sua população adere a um estilo de vida alimentar padronizado, traduzido pelo consumo excessivo de alimentos ultra processados. A população infantil é a que mais sofre com este modelo de alimentação. A alimentação brasileira deve ser uma prática social resultante da integração das dimensões biológicas, culturais, ambientais e econômicos. Este manuscrito apresenta uma atividade educativa no campo das políticas públicas de alimentação e foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública. O estudo teve como objetivo repensar elementos históricos, culturais contemporâneas e subjetivos que permeiam a comida brasileira e desenvolver estratégias para alcançar uma alimentação saudável. Trabalhou-se com três grupos abertos de crianças entre 9 e 13 anos. A educação problematizadora, ativa, não-formal serviu para subsidiar rodas de conversa e oficinas de culinária, atividades recreativas, etc., que abordaram a temática alimentação brasileira. O trabalho mostrou que educação alimentar e nutricional atua no sentido de: promover a saúde; possibilitar a reflexão sobre o comportamento alimentar, que atualmente é moldado pela indústria alimentar; valorizar as tradições alimentares; diminuir a preferência por alimentos ultra processados, calóricos, energéticos e prejudiciais à saúde.
Considerações sobre a educação esclarecida e autônoma no pensamento de Theodor Adorno: implicações para o enfrentamento da violência escolar
Authors: Almeida Ronaldo De Sousa , Freire Ludmila De Almeida
Published: August 2017

Este artigo discute o relevante papel da educação no enfrentamento da violência na sociedade e, sobretudo, nas escolas. Encarada como uma das questões mais perturbadoras no âmbito escolar, a violência manifestada entre os estudantes tem sido amplamente discutida, na mediada em que se reconhece que os seus reflexos incidem negativamente na qualidade da educação, no rendimento dos alunos e na construção de uma cultura de paz. Uma vez que a escola não está separada do todo social, investigar a dimensão conflituosa e contraditória entre as relações sociais e educacionais, na forma como vêm se apresentando, é de fundamental importância para aprofundarmos nossa compreensão do fenômeno da violência na sociedade e seus reflexos na escola, bem como repensar o papel da educação. Nesse texto optamos por resgatar elementos de análise nos postulados de Theodor Adorno, sobretudo pelo fato de o filósofo destinar à educação um papel crucial diante desse desafio. Concluímos que a educação para a aquisição da autonomia e para a emancipação humana é um importante instrumento de mediação contra a violência e contra a barbárie, pois é capaz de proporcionar uma instigante reflexão nos indivíduos, sendo apropriada para fomentar processos de prevenção e/ou superação das condições internas e externas que operam a favor da violência.
Helicobacter pylori: infecção, diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento
Authors: Teixeira Thamirys Freitas , De Souza Iure Kalinine Ferraz , Rocha Roberta Dias Rodrigues
Published: August 2017

A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma das mais prevalentes entre os seres humanos. Estima-se que afete cerca de metade da população mundial, e no Brasil, a prevalência é de aproximadamente 60%.  A H. pylori é uma bactéria que coloniza a mucosa estomacal causando distúrbios gástricos que podem evoluir para gastrites, úlceras, dispepsias e carcinomas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo abordar aspectos da infecção pelo H. pylori, seu diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento. Para tal, trata-se de uma revisão da literatura com trabalhos selecionados em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PLoS e SciELO, sob os unitermos e suas combinações: H. pylori, epidemiologia, distúrbios gástricos, diagnóstico laboratorial, tratamento. A infecção pelo H. pylori apresenta importância epidemiológica e clínica e a transmissão se dá principalmente de pessoa a pessoa, sendo aceitas como formas de transmissão as vias oral-oral, fecal-oral e iatrogênica. Os métodos diagnósticos para detecção da bactéria podem ser baseados em testes realizados durante exame endoscópico (invasivos) e sem exame endoscópico (não invasivo). Essas metodologias, embora com certas limitações, têm permitido o diagnóstico da infecção com eficiência, rapidez e segurança. A erradicação não é simples e os esquemas terapêuticos necessitam associação de múltiplos agentes farmacológicos. 

Palavras-chave: Helicobacter pylori. Epidemiologia. Infecção. Diagnóstico laboratorial. Tratamento.
AUDIÊNCIA DE CUSTÓDIA: Uma análise sob o prisma da Resolução 213 do CNJ.
Authors: Teixeira Leandro , Rios Marcos Roberto da Silva
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho trata da audiência de custódia, nos termos da Resolução 213 do CNJ, e sua implementação no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica que vale-se de fontes primárias e secundárias, através da análise de manuais doutrinários, artigos e legislação pertinente ao tema. O trabalho apresentado é uma dissertação acerca da audiência de custódia, seus procedimentos a serem seguidos no intuito de garantir a preservação dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa presa, os participantes que a integram e suas finalidades a serem atingidas com a implementação no território pátrio.  A audiência de custódia também buscou adequar o processo penal aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, uma vez que, por serem normas definidoras de direitos e garantias fundamentais, referidos pactos têm aplicação imediata no território brasileiro. Finalizado o trabalho, foi possível concluir que a audiência de custódia trouxe avanços significativos no tocante à preservação dos direitos da pessoa presa, em suma, redução da prática de tortura, bem como a diminuição da população carcerária à espera de julgamento.
A ESTABILIDADE PROVISÓRIA DA GESTANTE E O DIÁLOGO DA COERÊNCIA: UMA COMPREENSÃO FENOMENOLÓGICA
Authors: Gaia Fausto Siqueira
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo realiza uma releitura do instituto da estabilidade provisória da empregada gestante nos contratos de trabalho por prazo determinado à luz dos princípios contratuais, como o da boa-fé subjetiva, da autonomia da vontade e da força obrigatória dos contratos, de modo a estabelecer os limites desta estabilidade provisória no emprego. Assentado na teoria do diálogo das fontes do Direito do Trabalho com o Direito Civil, tem-se que nos contratos de trabalho por prazo determinado a presunção relativa de despedida discriminatória da trabalhadora gestante sem justa causa, em situações de rescisão antecipada, pode ser afastada desde que apontadas as razões de ordem técnica, estrutural ou econômico-financeira que ensejaram a ruptura.
O PAPEL DAS CORPORAÇÕES TRANSNACIONAIS NO DIREITO HUMANO À ALIMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Lazaretti Isadora Kauana , Olsson Giovanni
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação das corporações transnacionais e seus reflexos no direito humano à alimentação. As corporações transnacionais são atores internacionais não estatais que exercem significativo protagonismo na arena internacional pelo seu poder de barganha e influência.  A finalidade primordial desses atores é a maximização do lucro, e sua atuação reflete diretamente no direito humano à alimentação. Atualmente, existe um sistema alimentício mundial estruturado apenas para a geração de lucros em favor das corporações transnacionais, que opera tanto na prevalência da conversão de alimentos humanos básicos em ração animal, como também na utilização de agrotóxicos e transgênicos nos alimentos comercializados. Essas situações ajudam a explicar por que o direito humano à alimentação não é absolutamente efetivado. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo consiste no método dedutivo e a pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo. A técnica de pesquisa utilizada foi a bibliográfica.
Orientação para o mercado e habilidades de marketing internacional: um estudo acerca da influência sobre o desempenho internacional
Authors: Oliveira Maria Carolina Serpa Fagundes de , Hahn Ivanete Schneider , Santos Maríndia Brachak dos , Souza Gabriela Almeida de , Campos Daiane Cardozo , Pivetta Natália Pavanelo
Published: August 2017

In the face of ongoing social and economic changes and because of the constant search for greater competitiveness, there is currently a need for companies to turn their attention to marketing aspects, in order to seek greater excellence in the generation of value to consumers. This configuration, when allocated to a reality of international trade, can represent the growth of defining and organizational consolidation. Therefore, when observing this ordinance and need, this study aimed to analyze the influence of orientation to the international market and international marketing skills on the international performance of organizations.  A collection of data was carried out in conjunction with 53 Brazilian EBTs located in innovation environments. Such data and analyzes using multivariate statistical technique and with the obtained results, it was contacted that the international performance can be influenced by the orientation to the international market.
As produções científicas sobre o professor com deficiência
Authors: Giabardo Cássio De Souza , Ribeiro Sonia Maria
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo é um recorte da dissertação intitulada “Por que não sou professor? O que dizem os egressos com deficiência dos cursos de licenciaturas da UNIVILLE sobre seus percursos na formação inicial e no mundo do trabalho”, vinculada ao Programa de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE), da linha de pesquisa Trabalho e Formação Docente. Neste recorte, o objetivo é realizar um levantamento das publicações da área da educação inclusiva na temática dos professores com deficiência a partir de 1990, por entender que é no final dessa década que o movimento da inclusão passa a ter um impacto maior, tanto no âmbito educacional como no mundo do trabalho. Para tal, realizaram-se as investigação nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), no Banco de Teses da CAPES, na Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), e no site da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED), no Grupo de Trabalho sobre Educação Especial (GT15). Na análise das publicações, utilizaram-se os princípios da bibliometria, verificando variáveis como: tipologia do documento, instituição, título, autores, local, ano, resumo e as temáticas pesquisadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, de um total de aproximadamente 1592 publicações científicas encontradas e analisadas, apenas onze tratavam da pesquisa sobre o professor com deficiência, pesquisas que se iniciaram a partir do ano de 2005, sendo a maioria dessas publicações dissertações realizadas nas regiões sul e sudeste.
Aspectos da identidade de surdos no âmbito da formação superior
Authors: Andrade Alline Nunes , De Alencar Heloisa Moulin
Published: August 2017

Refletiu-se sobre as identidades de indivíduos surdos em uma perspectiva ética. A pergunta “Quem eu sou?” relaciona-se com reflexões sobre a vida boa, sendo necessário o processo de tomada de consciência de si e a constituição da função simbólica para definição identitária. A comunicação é aspecto central neste estudo considerando-se que a maioria dos surdos sofre o atraso na aquisição da língua e a exclusão nos processos educacionais. Participaram 16 pessoas surdas que se matricularam em instituições de educação superior. Aplicou-se o método clínico piagetiano, por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas em língua de sinais, com enfoque nos relatos sobre a aquisição da língua de sinais e a presença de pessoas surdas na família ou em seus relacionamentos afetivos. Os principais dados indicam que sete participantes adquiriram a língua de sinais entre os 19 e 21 anos de idade. A principal categoria de identidade surda foi a de transição. Os auxiliares na aquisição da língua foram principalmente os ‘amigos surdos’ e as ‘pessoas da comunidade surda’. A partir da constituição das identidades surdas, foi possível constatar que a experiência subjetiva de expansão de si foi propiciada no contato com a comunidade surda e sua língua de sinais. Propostas de estudos sobre a constituição da identidade surda em relação com suas projeções de si no futuro podem ser realizadas, contribuindo com a ampliação do estudo sobre a perspectiva ética. No âmbito educacional, recomenda-se que as escolas bilíngues sejam espaço privilegiado de interações linguísticas e desenvolvimento do potencial comunicativo de crianças surdas.
På vej mod en målbevidst målstyret kompetenceorienteret matematikundervisning
Authors: Hansen Rune
Published: August 2017

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the potential and challenges in planning, implementing and evaluating a goal-oriented competence-based mathematics teaching. Based on an ongoing PhD project, analysis from the project will be introduced as a basis for reflecting upon the hindrances of exemplary character identified during a longitudinal experimental teaching in Grade 5 and 6.Resume: Artiklen har til formål at give indblik i potentialer og udfordringer ved at planlægge, gennemføre og evaluere en målstyret kompetenceorienteret matematikundervisning. Med afsæt i et igangværende ph.d.-projekt vil en del af projektets analyser blive præsenteret som udgangspunkt for at kunne forholde sig til de hindringer af eksemplarisk karakter, som er identificeret i forbindelse med en længerevarende forsøgsundervisning i 5.- og 6. klasse.
Lærerstuderendes udvikling af autonomi i et uddannelsespædagogisk perspektiv
Authors: Balle Nielsen Henrik , Kim Chung , Christensen Dorthe Ansine , Madsen Kvols Anja , Jóelsdóttir Lóa Björk , Dyrborg Laursen Hilmar , Scheel Andersen Henrik
Published: August 2017

Artiklen fremstiller en intervenerende undersøgelse af lærerstuderendes fortolkninger og handlinger i forhold til de studierum, hvor der fra uddannelsens side forventes, at de studerende tager egne initiativer til studieaktiviteter, som gennemføres selvstændigt. Formålet for denne undersøgelse var således at afklare og udvikle de uddannelsespædagogiske og -didaktiske muligheder i forhold til den såkaldte studieaktivitetsmodel. Artiklen fremstiller et begreb om studenter-autonomi, der er teoretisk ramme for udviklingen af en firetrins-model for autonomistøttende didaktiske tiltag: procedural, organisatorisk, kognitiv og affektiv støtte til udvikling af studerendes autonomi. Ud fra en designbaseret forskningstilgang beskrives afprøvningen og receptionen af denne prototypiske model. Resultaterne viser, at alle fire former for autonomistøttende tiltag bidrager til udviklingen af de studerendes autonome studie- og læreprocesser. Men den affektive støtte synes at have en særlig afgørende betydning for de studerendes motivation og engagement. Artiklen slutter af med en diskussion af de mulige læreruddannelsesdidaktiske konsekvenser.
Reviewing independent access to HIV testing, counselling and treatment for adolescents in HIV‐specific laws in sub‐Saharan Africa: implications for the HIV response
Authors: Eba Patrick M. , Lim HyeYoung
Published: August 2017

Introduction: AIDS is a leading cause of death among adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa. Yet, legal, policy and social barriers continue to restrict their access to HIV services. In recent years, access to independent HIV testing and treatment for adolescents has gained increased attention. The 2013 WHO Guidance on HIV testing and counselling and care for adolescents living with HIV (WHO Guidance) calls for reviewing legal and regulatory frameworks to facilitate adolescents’ access to comprehensive HIV services. As of 31 March 2017, some 28 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa have adopted HIV‐specific legislation. But there is limited understanding of the provisions of these laws on access to HIV services for adolescents and their implication on efforts to scale up HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care among this population.

Methods: A desk review of 28 HIV‐specific laws in sub‐Saharan Africa complemented with the review of HIV testing policies in four countries using human rights norms and key public health recommendations from the 2013 WHO Guidance. These recommendations call on countries to (i) lower the age of consent to HIV testing and counselling and allow mature adolescents who have not reached the age of consent to independently access HIV testing, (ii) ensure access to HIV counselling for adolescents, (iii) protect the confidentiality of adolescents living with HIV and (iv) facilitate access to HIV treatment for adolescents living with HIV.

Results: Most HIV‐specific laws fail to take into account human rights principles and public health recommendations for facilitating adolescents’ access to HIV services. None of the countries with HIV‐specific laws has adopted all four recommendations for access to HIV services for adolescents. Discrepancies exist between HIV laws and national policy documents. Inadequate and conflicting provisions in HIV laws are likely to hinder access to HIV testing, counselling and treatment for adolescents.

Conclusions: Efforts to end legal barriers to access to HIV services for adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa should address HIV‐specific laws. Restrictive provisions in these laws should be reformed, and their protective norms effectively implemented including by translating them into national policies and ensuring sensitization and training of healthcare workers and communities. This study reiterates the need for action in all countries across Africa and beyond to review their laws and policies to create an enabling environment to accelerate access to HIV prevention, testing and treatment services for adolescents.
Accumulation of copper and histopathological alterations in the oyster Crassostrea angulata
Authors: Rodríguez de la Rua A , Arellano JM , González de Canales ML , Blasco J , Sarasquete C
Published: August 2017

Specimens of Crassostrea angulata were exposed to sublethal copper concentrations (200 and 600 μgL–1 Cu2+) during 2 to 30 days. The accumulation of copper and histopathological effects on the gills, digestive gland and heart were studied. The highest copper concentrations were found in the gills, with values over 2 mg g–1 dry weight for organisms exposed to the highest concentration at the end of the exposure period (day 30). In the digestive gland, the concentration was 1 mg g–1 dry weight (highest exposure on day 30). The rate of bioconcentration (BCr, defined as the concentration in the tissue at an exposure concentration at time t minus the mean concentration of the control throughout the experiment, divided by the exposure time) decreased in both tissues. The values ranged from 392 to 57 μg g–1 day–1 for gills and from 133 to 18 μg g–1 d–1 for the digestive gland. In the gills, specimens exposed to 200 μg L Cu2+ showed disorganization and apical alterations of the cilia cells and hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and lamellar loss in organisms exposed to 600 μg L–1 Cu2+. In the digestive gland, specimen exposed to 200 μg L–1 Cu2+ showed hemocytic infiltration in the underlying connective tissue and numerous brown cells compared to the control specimens. On the other hand, thinning of the epithelium of the digestive tubules, occlusion in the lumen of some primary tubules and dilation of the digestive ducts occurred in organisms exposed to 600 μg L–1 Cu2+. The heart of oyster exposed to copper showed thinning of the epithelium of the auricles and ventricle and an increase in brown cells on the walls of the auricles, as well as connective tissue destruction in the auricles and ventricle.
Structure of the fish community at a reef in Los Monjes Archipelago, Venezuela
Authors: Fariña A , Bellorín A , Sant S , Méndez E
Published: August 2017

In order to determine the community structure of reef fishes, visual counts were made along a transect established in a section of Monje Grande del Sur Island (Venezuela). A total of 57 fish species were identified. The families with the highest number of species were Pomacentridae (6), Scaridae (6), Labridae (6) and Serranidae (5), while the families with the highest total number of individuals were Pomacentridae (2083), Labridae (513), Hemiramphidae (440) and Scaridae (246), with 79.9% of the 4105 individuals observed. Though most of the fish species were carnivorous, the planktivors Chromis multilineata (23.7%) and Stegastes partitus (19.4%) were the two most numerically important species. In general, our results suggest a different species composition of reef fishes compared with other coralline regions of Venezuela. Some commercial fish species that are subject to intense fishing activities elsewhere (e.g., Sphyraena barracuda) were also found.
Experimental determination of erosion/deposition parameters and their application to a real case: The Sancti Petri Channel
Authors: Vidal J , Tejedor B , Álvarez O , Martín P
Published: August 2017

Material from the bottom and banks of very shallow channels can be eroded due to current effects, producing suspended sediments that are transported by water movement. The problem with sediment transport in these systems can be dealt with using the transport equation, where the particle flow is calculated as a function of the sediment characteristics and of the flow itself. However, the parameters are complicated when the channels consist of cohesive matter. In this paper, a procedure based on the experimental determination of the parameters is proposed in which the erosion and deposit terms are valid for cohesive and non-cohesive silt. This method can be applied to those systems where suspended sediments originate mainly from the erosion and deposition of spring sources. The application of this method to the Sancti Petri Channel allows us, based on simultaneous recordings of current speed and concentration of sediments in suspension, to calculate the critical velocity for this system, which is formed by cohesive matter. The Sancti Petri tidal system is an inflow-outflow channel that extends from the inner zone of Cadiz Bay to the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 17 km long and has a deep central zone, fringed with ample muddy areas, where the currents associated with tides reach high intensities.
Growth and survival of the mussels Perna perna, Perna viridis and an undefined morphotype in suspended culture
Authors: Urbano T , Lodeiros C , De-Donato M , Acosta V , Arrieche D , Núñez M , Himmelman J
Published: August 2017

We evaluated the growth and influence of environmental factors under suspended culture conditions of the mussels Perna perna L. and P. viridis L. and of an undefined variant or morphotype sharing the substrate and morphological and colorcharacteristics of both species. The animals were grown for ten months at Turpialito Bay, located in the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. The three experimental populations, seeded with an initial homogeneous size (45–50 mm), showed a similar growth pattern; however, P. viridis showed significantly smaller growth rates than those of P. perna and the morphotype, with a final dorsoventral shell length of 71.2, 77.0 and 77.8 mm, respectively. Correlativity analyses of environmental and growth factors could not define the somatic growth modulation due to environmental factors, but reproductive activity, particularly when it begins for the first time, may act as a negative endogenous factor. Although the results show similar physiological responses fromthe mussels, a greater similarity was observed between P. perna and the morphotype, and there were enough differences between them and P. viridis to suggest that the first two could be more genetically related. Nevertheless, differences were found between the morphotype and P. perna in regard to the phenotypic characteristics of the shell, survival and the gonadosomatic index, which may indicate significant genetic differences. Greater gonadal production in the variant could be advantageous for aquacultural activities.
Annual and interannual variations in global 6.5DWs from 20 to 110 km during 2002–2016 observed by TIMED/SABER
Authors: Huang Y. Y. , Zhang S. D. , Li C. Y. , Li H. J. , Huang K. M. , Huang C. M.
Published: August 2017

Using version 2.0 of the TIMED/SABER kinetic temperature data, we have conducted a study on the annual and interannual variations of 6.5DWs at 20–110 km, from 52°S to 52°N for 2002–2016. First, we obtained global annual variations in the spectral power and amplitudes of 6.5DWs. We found that strong wave amplitudes emerged from 25°S/N to 52°S/N and peaked in the altitudes of the stratosphere, mesosphere, and the lower thermosphere. The annual variations in the 6.5DWs are similar in both hemispheres but different at various altitudes. At 40–50 km, the annual maxima emerge mostly in winters. In the MLT, annual peaks occurred twice every half year. At 80–90 km, 6.5DWs appeared mainly in equinoctial seasons and winters. At 100–110 km, 6.5DWs emerged mainly in equinoctial seasons. Second, we continued the study of the interannual variations in 6.5DW amplitudes from 2002 to 2016. Frequency spectra of the monthly mean amplitudes showed that main dynamics in the long‐term variations of 6.5DWs were AO and SAO in both hemispheres. In addition, 4 month period signals were noticed in the MLT of the NH. The amplitudes of SAO and AO were obtained using a band‐pass filter and were found to increase with altitude, as do the 6.5DW amplitudes. In both hemispheres, the relative importance of SAO and AO changes with altitude. At 40–50 and 100–110 km, AO play a dominant role, while at 80–90 km, they are weaker than SAO. Our results show that both the annual and interannual variations in 6.5DWs are mainly caused by the combined action of SAO and AO.
ENSO impact on surface radiative fluxes as observed from space
Authors: Pinker R. T. , Grodsky S. A. , Zhang B. , Busalacchi A. , Chen W.
Published: August 2017

We investigate the impact of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on surface radiative fluxes over the tropical Pacific using satellite observations and fluxes derived from selected atmospheric reanalyses. Agreement between the two in this region is important because reanalysis information is frequently used to assess surface energy budget sensitivity to ENSO. We found that during the traditional ENSO, the maximum variance of anomalous incoming solar radiation is located just west of the dateline and coincides with the area of the largest anomalous SST gradient. It can reach up to 60 W/m2 and lags behind the Niño3 index by about a month, suggesting a response to anomalous SST gradient. The magnitude of longwave anomaly is only half that large and varies in phase with the SST anomaly. Similar anomalies were derived from outputs: from the European Centre for Medium‐Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim (ERA‐I), from the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis version 2 (MERRA‐2), from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 (R1), and from the Japanese JRA55 reanalysis. Among the four reanalyses used, results from ERA‐I are the closest to observations. We have also investigated the surface wind divergence/convergence and found that the main factor limiting eastward excursions of convection is the surface wind convergence. Due to the wind divergence pattern normally present over the eastern cold tongue, anomalous convection extends into the eastern equatorial Pacific only during the strongest warm events. Our analysis also considers the El Niño Modoki events, for which the radiation flux patterns are shifted westward following the SST pattern.
Characteristics and evolution of an Agulhas ring
Authors: Casanova‐Masjoan M. , Pelegrí J. L. , Sangrà P. , Martínez A. , Grisolía‐Santos D. , Pérez‐Hernández M. D. , Hernández‐Guerra A.
Published: August 2017

A South Atlantic ring is studied through remote sensing altimetry, hydrographic stations, and drifters' trajectories. The ring's core was characterized by warmer and saltier Indian Ocean waters. At the time of the cruise, the ring's signature extended radially out to 124 km and vertically down to 2000 m, and its core absolute dynamic topography (ADT) exceeded the surrounding Atlantic Ocean waters in 0.4 m. The geostrophic velocities were anticyclonic with maximum speeds about 35 cm s−1 at 100 m and reaching negligible values near 4500 m. The rotational transport inside the ring was 33 Sv in the thermocline and intermediate layers. The drifters' data distinguish a 30‐km core revolving as a solid body with periodicity near 5 days and a transitional band that revolves with constant tangential velocity, resembling a Rankine vortex. The ADT data identify the ring's track, showing that it was shed by the Agulhas Current retroflection in November 2009 and propagated northwest rapidly during the first 2 months (mean speed of about 10 cm s−1) but slowed down substantially (3–4 cm s−1) between March and July 2010, when it was last detected. The altimetry data also outlines the evolution of the ring's core ADT, radius, vorticity, and, through a simple calibration with the cruise data, rotational transport. In particular, the ring surface and vertical‐mean vorticity decay with time scales of 373 and 230 days, respectively, indicating that most of the property anomalies contained by the ring are diffused out to the subtropical gyre before it reaches the western boundary current system.
Propagation of the subsurface freshening water and its major source in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Yan Youfang , Xu Dazhi , Yu Kai , Qi Yiquan
Published: August 2017

Previous studies of the exchanges of the subtropical‐tropical salinity in the North Pacific are still not conclusive. Some studies suggest that surface salinity anomalies formed in the northeastern subtropics can subduct and penetrate to the subsurface of the northwestern Pacific, whereas others demonstrate that subsurface salinity anomalies in the northwestern Pacific cannot be traced back to those of the eastern subtropics. This study examined the variability of subsurface salinity in the northwestern Pacific, with focus on its propagation characteristic and forcing mechanism in its outcrop region. It is found that salinity anomalies on 24.5–25.4 kg m−3 isopycnals exhibited a pronounced freshening trend in the northwestern Pacific during 2003–2012. This freshening can be traced back to the surface salinity anomalies in the outcrop zone of the northwestern subtropical gyre, rather than that of northeastern subtropics. The representative transit time from its outcrop region to the eastern Luzon Strait is about 1–3 years. The surface salinity anomalies in the outcrop zone are mainly controlled by air‐sea freshwater flux change, although the contribution of horizontal advection is also important, in particular for year‐to‐year variation. Compared to the air‐sea freshwater flux and horizontal advection, the contribution of mixed‐layer depth to the surface salinity anomalies is smaller and can be neglected in the outcrop zone of the northwestern Pacific.
Paleohydrology on Mars constrained by mass balance and mineralogy of pre‐Amazonian sodium chloride lakes
Authors: Melwani Daswani M. , Kite E. S.
Published: August 2017

Chloride‐bearing deposits on Mars record high‐elevation lakes during the waning stages of Mars' wet era (mid‐Noachian to late Hesperian). The water source pathways, seasonality, salinity, depth, lifetime, and paleoclimatic drivers of these widespread lakes are all unknown. Here we combine reaction‐transport modeling, orbital spectroscopy, and new volume estimates from high‐resolution digital terrain models, in order to constrain the hydrologic boundary conditions for forming the chlorides. Considering a T = 0°C system, we find that (1) individual lakes were >100 m deep and lasted decades or longer; (2) if volcanic degassing was the source of chlorine, then the water‐to‐rock ratio or the total water volume were probably low, consistent with brief excursions above the melting point and/or arid climate; (3) if the chlorine source was igneous chlorapatite, then Cl‐leaching events would require a (cumulative) time of >10 years at the melting point; and (4) Cl masses, divided by catchment area, give column densities 0.1–50 kg Cl/m2, and these column densities bracket the expected chlorapatite‐Cl content for a seasonally warm active layer. Deep groundwater was not required. Taken together, our results are consistent with Mars having a usually cold, horizontally segregated hydrosphere by the time chlorides formed.
Self‐organized kilometer‐scale shoreline sand wave generation: Sensitivity to model and physical parameters
Authors: Idier Déborah , Falqués Albert , Rohmer Jérémy , Arriaga Jaime
Published: August 2017

The instability mechanisms for self‐organized kilometer‐scale shoreline sand waves have been extensively explored by modeling. However, while the assumed bathymetric perturbation associated with the sand wave controls the feedback between morphology and waves, its effect on the instability onset has not been explored. In addition, no systematic investigation of the effect of the physical parameters has been done yet. Using a linear stability model, we investigate the effect of wave conditions, cross‐shore profile, closure depth, and two perturbation shapes (P1: cross‐shore bathymetric profile shift, and P2: bed level perturbation linearly decreasing offshore). For a P1 perturbation, no instability occurs below an absolute critical angle θc0≈ 40–50°. For a P2 perturbation, there is no absolute critical angle: sand waves can develop also for low‐angle waves. In fact, the bathymetric perturbation shape plays a key role in low‐angle wave instability: such instability only develops if the curvature of the depth contours offshore the breaking zone is larger than the shoreline one. This can occur for the P2 perturbation but not for P1. The analysis of bathymetric data suggests that both curvature configurations could exist in nature. For both perturbation types, large wave angle, small wave period, and large closure depth strongly favor instability. The cross‐shore profile has almost no effect with a P1 perturbation, whereas large surf zone slope and gently sloping shoreface strongly enhance instability under low‐angle waves for a P2 perturbation. Finally, predictive statistical models are set up to identify sites prone to exhibit either a critical angle close to θc0 or low‐angle wave instability.
Formation of Amines from Ethers, Alcohols, and Derivatives
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Pletnev Alexandre A.
Published: August 2017

This article has no abstract.
Fetal dose conversion factor for fetal computed tomography examinations: A mathematical phantom study
Authors: Matsunaga Yuta , Kawaguchi Ai , Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Shoichi , Asada Yasuki , Ito Kiyoshi , Chida Koichi
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to examine the relationship between fetal dose and the dose–length product, and to evaluate the impact of the number of rotations on the fetal doses and maternal effective doses using a 320‐row multidetector computed tomography unit in a wide‐volume mode. The radiation doses for the pregnant woman and the fetus were estimated using ImPACT CT Patient Dosimetry Calculator software for scan lengths ranging from 176 to 352 mm, using a 320‐row unit in a wide‐volume mode and an 80‐row unit in a helical scanning mode. In the 320‐row unit, the fetal doses in all scan lengths ranged from 3.51 to 6.52 mGy; the maternal effective doses in all scan lengths ranged from 1.05 to 2.35 mSv. In the 80‐row unit, the fetal doses in all scan lengths ranged from 2.50 to 3.30 mGy; the maternal effective doses in all scan lengths ranged from 0.83 to 1.68 mSv. The estimated conversion factors from the dose–length product (mGy・cm) to fetal doses (mGy) for the 320‐row unit in wide‐volume mode and the 80‐row unit in helical scanning mode were 0.06 and 0.05 (cm−1) respectively. While using a 320‐row MDCT unit in a wide‐volume mode, operators must take into account the number of rotations, the beam width as automatically determined by the scanner, the placement of overlap between volumetric sections, and the ratio of overlapping volumetric sections.
The Multiple Faces of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2
Authors: Antenora Antonella , Rinaldi Carlo , Roca Alessandro , Pane Chiara , Lieto Maria , Saccà Francesco , Peluso Silvio , De Michele Giuseppe , Filla Alessandro
Published: August 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is among the most common forms of autosomal dominant ataxias, accounting for 15% of the total families. Occurrence is higher in specific populations such as the Cuban and Southern Italian. The disease is caused by a CAG expansion in ATXN2 gene, leading to abnormal accumulation of the mutant protein, ataxin‐2, in intracellular inclusions. The clinical picture is mainly dominated by cerebellar ataxia, although a number of other neurological signs have been described, ranging from parkinsonism to motor neuron involvement, making the diagnosis frequently challenging for neurologists, particularly when information about the family history is not available. Although the functions of ataxin‐2 have not been completely elucidated, the protein is involved in mRNA processing and control of translation. Recently, it has also been shown that the size of the CAG repeat in normal alleles represents a risk factor for ALS, suggesting that ataxin‐2 plays a fundamental role in maintenance of neuronal homeostasis.
A Flexible 3D Multifunctional MgO‐Decorated Carbon Foam@CNTs Hybrid as Self‐Supported Cathode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xiang Mingwu , Wu Hao , Liu Heng , Huang Ju , Zheng Yifeng , Yang Li , Jing Peng , Zhang Yun , Dou Shixue , Liu Huakun
Published: August 2017

One of the critical challenges to develop advanced lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries lies in exploring a high efficient stable sulfur cathode with robust conductive framework and high sulfur loading. Herein, a 3D flexible multifunctional hybrid is rationally constructed consisting of nitrogen‐doped carbon foam@CNTs decorated with ultrafine MgO nanoparticles for the use as advanced current collector. The dense carbon nanotubes uniformly wrapped on the carbon foam skeletons enhance the flexibility and build an interconnected conductive network for rapid ionic/electronic transport. In particular, a synergistic action of MgO nanoparticles and in situ N‐doping significantly suppresses the shuttling effect via enhanced chemisorption of lithium polysulfides. Owing to these merits, the as‐built electrode with an ultrahigh sulfur loading of 14.4 mg cm−2 manifests a high initial areal capacity of 10.4 mAh cm−2, still retains 8.8 mAh cm−2 (612 mAh g−1 in gravimetric capacity) over 50 cycles. The best cycling performance is achieved upon 800 cycles with an extremely low decay rate of 0.06% at 2 C. Furthermore, a flexible soft‐packaged Li‐S battery is readily assembled, which highlights stable electrochemical characteristics under bending and even folding. This cathode structural design may open up a potential avenue for practical application of high‐sulfur‐loading Li‐S batteries toward flexible energy‐storage devices.
Prenatal exposure to fever is associated with autism spectrum disorder in the boston birth cohort
Authors: Brucato Martha , Ladd‐Acosta Christine , Li Mengying , Caruso Deanna , Hong Xiumei , Kaczaniuk Jamie , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Fallin M. Daniele , Wang Xiaobin
Published: August 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, with evidence for genetic and environmental contributions to disease risk. Research has focused on the prenatal period as a time where environmental exposures are likely to influence risk for ASD. Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA), caused by infections and fever, and ASD. However, due to differences in study design and exposure measurements no consistent patterns have emerged revealing specific times or type of MIA exposure that are most important to ASD risk. No prior studies have examined prenatal MIA exposure and ASD risk in an under‐represented minority population of African ancestry. To overcome these limitations, we estimated the association between prenatal exposure to fever and maternal infections and ASD in a prospective birth cohort of an understudied minority population in a city in the United States. No association was found between prenatal exposure to genitourinary infections or flu and the risk of ASD in a nested sample of 116 ASD cases and 988 typically developing controls in crude or adjusted analyses. Prenatal exposure to fever was associated with increased ASD risk (aOR 2.02 [1.04–3.92]) after adjustment for educational attainment, marital status, race, child sex, maternal age, birth year, gestational age, and maternal smoking. This effect may be specific to fever during the third trimester (aOR 2.70 [1.00–7.29]). Our findings provide a focus for future research efforts and ASD prevention strategies across diverse populations. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1878–1890. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We looked at whether activation of the immune system during pregnancy increases the chance a child will develop ASD. We examined 116 children with ASD and 988 children without ASD that came from a predominantly low income, urban, minority population. We found that having the flu or genitourinary tract infections during pregnancy is not related to the child being diagnosed with ASD. However, we did find children were at increased risk for ASD when their mothers had a fever during pregnancy.
Expanding Upon Styrene Biosynthesis to Engineer a Novel Route to 2‐Phenylethanol
Authors: Machas Michael S. , McKenna Rebekah , Nielsen David R.
Published: August 2017

2‐Phenylethanol (2PE) is a key molecule used in the fragrance and food industries, as well as a potential biofuel. In contrast to its extraction from plant biomass and/or more common chemical synthesis, microbial 2PE production has been demonstrated via both native and heterologous expression of the yeast Ehrlich pathway. Here, a novel alternative to this established pathway is systematically engineered in Escherichia coli and evaluated as a more robust and efficient route. This novel pathway is constructed via the modular extension of a previously engineered styrene biosynthesis pathway, proceeding from endogenous l‐phenylalanine in five steps and involving four heterologous enzymes. This “styrene‐derived” pathway boasts nearly a 10‐fold greater thermodynamic driving force than the Ehrlich pathway, and enables reduced accumulation of acetate byproduct. When directly compared using a host strain engineered for l‐phenylalanine over‐production, preservation of phosphoenolpyruvate, and reduced formation of byproduct 2‐phenylacetic acid, final 2PE titers via the styrene‐derived and Ehrlich pathways reached 1817 and 1164 mg L−1, respectively, at yields of 60.6 and 38.8 mg g−1. Following optimization of induction timing and initial glucose loading, 2PE titers by the styrene‐derived pathway approached 2 g L−1 – nearly a two‐fold twofold increase over prior reports for 2PE production by E. coli employing the Ehrlich pathway.