Tuberculose pulmonaire en milieu carcÃ©ral au Niger : aspects Ã©pidÃ©miologiques, diagnostiques, thÃ©rapeutiques et Ã©volutifs
Authors: Sani Kadri , Mahaman Laouali Harouna Amadou , Laminou Ada Mahaman , Azize Garba Abdoul , Mamane Daou , Piubello Alberto , Eric Adehossic 
Published: May 2021

Objectif : DÃ©crire les aspects Ã©pidÃ©miologiques, diagnostiques, thÃ©rapeutiques et Ã©volutifs de la tuberculose pulmonaire en milieu carcÃ©ral au Niger. Il sâ€™agissait dâ€™une Ã©tude transversale rÃ©alisÃ©e sur 3ans incluant tous les cas confirmÃ©s de tuberculose pulmonaire Ã  microscopie positive (TPM+), les co-infections VIH/ tuberculose et les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire Ã  microscopie nÃ©gative (TPM-). RÃ©sultats : Au total 3322 Ã©taient dÃ©tenus avec une prÃ©valence de la tuberculose de 0,84%. Tous les patients Ã©taient des hommes. La moyenne dâ€™Ã¢ge Ã©tait de 36 ans avec des extrÃªmes allant de 21 Ã  62 ans. 17,85% exerÃ§aient dans le secteur informel.35, 71% provenaient des milieux urbains. Sur le plan juridique 71,48% des patients Ã©taient des condamnÃ©s et 36% des patients avaient une durÃ©e de dÃ©tention de plus de 3ans au moment du diagnostic. La triade faite de toux (100% de cas) â€“fiÃ¨vre (92,85% de cas) -expectoration (67,85% de cas) dominait le tableau clinique. Lâ€™amaigrissement (46,42% de cas) et la cachexie (42,46% de cas) constituaient lâ€™essentiel des signes gÃ©nÃ©raux. Le taux de co-infection VIH/SIDA- tuberculose sâ€™Ã©levait Ã  21,42%. Sur le plan thÃ©rapeutique 82,14% des patients Ã©taient de la catÃ©gorie 1. 53,56% des patients avaient fait lâ€™objet dâ€™une hospitalisation tandis que 46,44% avaient observÃ© le traitement selon un mode ambulatoire. La guÃ©rison Ã©tait de 46,42% de cas, le dÃ©cÃ¨s Ã©tait 28,53 %. Conclusion : Des mesures prÃ©ventives et thÃ©rapeutiques efficaces sont indispensables en milieu pÃ©nitencier.
 
Objectives: Describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in prisons in Niger. This was a cross-sectional 3-year study that included all confirmed cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV / TB co-infections, and smearnegative pulmonary tuberculosis (TPM-). Results: A total of 3322 inmates and the prevalence of tuberculosis was 0.84%. All the patients were men. The average age was 36 years old with extremes ranging from 21 to 62 years old. 17.85% were in the informal sector. 35 71% came from urban areas. In legal terms, 71.48% of patients were convicted and 36% of patients had a detention period of more than 3 years at the time of diagnosis. The triad made of cough (100% of cases) -fever (92.85% of cases) -expectoration (67.85% of cases) dominated the clinical picture. Weight loss (46.42% of cases) and cachexia (42.46% of cases). The clinical signs, the bacteriological examination of the sputum as well as the x-ray (50% of the patients) formed the basis of the diagnosis with miliary predominance. The HIV / AIDS-TB co-infection rate was 21.42%. 82.14% of patients were in Category 1. 53.56% of patients had been hospitalized while 46.44% had been on ambulatory therapy. The therapeutic success was 46, 42% and the death rate was 28.53%. Conclusion: Effective preventive and therapeutic measures are essential in a penitentiary environment.