bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Cenozoic Drainage Evolution and Surface Uplift of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights From the Ninglang Basin
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Zhang Huiping , Lease Richard O. , Wang Ying , Pang Jianzhang , Li Yifei , Wang Ping , Zhang Jiawei , Xie Hao , Wang Yizhou , Tao Yaling , Ma Zifa , Xiong Jianguo , Zhang Peizhen
Published: September 2023

The modern high topography of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is drained by several of the largest rivers on Earth, and exerts a prominent influence on the Asian monsoon pattern. However, when the high terrain was formed remains highly debated. Here, we present detrital zircon U‐Pb ages that indicate a south‐flowing drainage system with distal headwaters passed through the Ninglang Basin at ca. 45 Ma. We advocate for early–middle Eocene surface uplift in the Gonjo Basin and areas to the west creating a southeast tilted topography across eastern Tibet. The termination of sedimentation at ca. 40 Ma implies that the river system had deviated from the Ninglang Basin, which we interpret as a result of rise of the Yalong‐Yulong thrust belt. Combined with other lines of evidence from previous studies, we support the establishment of moderate‐high elevation topography of eastern Tibet by late Eocene time.
The development of compulsive coping behavior depends on dorsolateral striatum dopamine-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Marti-Prats Lucia , Giuliano Chiara , Domi Ana , Puaud Mickaël , Peña-Oliver Yolanda , Fouyssac Maxime , McKenzie Colin , Everitt Barry J. , Belin David
Published: September 2023

Humans greatly differ in how they cope with stress, a natural behavior learnt through negative reinforcement. Some individuals engage in displacement activities, others in exercise or comfort eating, and others still in alcohol use. Across species, adjunctive behaviors, such as polydipsic drinking, are used as a form of displacement activity that reduces stress. Some individuals, in particular those that use alcohol to self-medicate, tend to lose control over such coping behaviors, which become excessive and compulsive. However, the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying this individual vulnerability have not been elucidated. Here we tested the hypothesis that the development of compulsive adjunctive behaviors stems from the functional engagement of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) dopamine-dependent habit system after a prolonged history of adjunctive responding. We measured in longitudinal studies in male Sprague Dawley rats the sensitivity of early established vs compulsive polydipsic water or alcohol drinking to a bilateral infusion into the anterior DLS (aDLS) of the dopamine receptor antagonist α-flupentixol. While most rats acquired a polydipsic drinking response with water, others only did so with alcohol. Whether drinking water or alcohol, the acquisition of this coping response was insensitive to aDLS dopamine receptor blockade. In contrast, after prolonged experience, adjunctive drinking became dependent on aDLS dopamine at a time when it was compulsive in vulnerable individuals. These data suggest that habits may develop out of negative reinforcement and that the engagement of their underlying striatal system is necessary for the manifestation of compulsive adjunctive behaviors.
Curved adhesions mediate cell attachment to soft matrix fibres in three dimensions
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Chih-Hao , Nakamoto Melissa L. , Tsai Ching-Ting , Roy Anish R. , Lee Christina E. , Yang Yang , Jahed Zeinab , Li Xiao , Cui Bianxiao
Published: September 2023

Integrin-mediated focal adhesions are the primary architectures that transmit forces between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton. Although focal adhesions are abundant on rigid and flat substrates that support high mechanical tensions, they are sparse in soft three-dimensional (3D) environments. Here we report curvature-dependent integrin-mediated adhesions called curved adhesions. Their formation is regulated by the membrane curvatures imposed by the topography of ECM protein fibres. Curved adhesions are mediated by integrin ɑvβ5 and are molecularly distinct from focal adhesions and clathrin lattices. The molecular mechanism involves a previously unknown interaction between integrin β5 and a curvature-sensing protein, FCHo2. We find that curved adhesions are prevalent in physiological conditions, and disruption of curved adhesions inhibits the migration of some cancer cell lines in 3D fibre matrices. These findings provide a mechanism for cell anchorage to natural protein fibres and suggest that curved adhesions may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Garetosmab in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Di Rocco Maja , Forleo-Neto Eduardo , Pignolo Robert J. , Keen Richard , Orcel Philippe , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Roux Christian , Kolta Sami , Madeo Annalisa , Bubbear Judith S. , Tabarkiewicz Jacek , Szczepanek Małgorzata , Bachiller-Corral Javier , Cheung Angela M. , Dahir Kathryn M. , Botman Esmée , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Al Mukaddam Mona , Tile Lianne , Portal-Celhay Cynthia , Sarkar Neena , Hou Peijie , Musser Bret J. , Boyapati Anita , Mohammadi Kusha , Mellis Scott J. , Rankin Andrew J. , Economides Aris N. , Trotter Dinko Gonzalez , Herman Gary A. , O’Meara Sarah J. , DelGizzi Richard , Weinreich David M. , Yancopoulos George D. , Eekhoff E. Marelise W. , Kaplan Frederick S.
Published: September 2023

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare disease characterized by heterotopic ossification (HO) in connective tissues and painful flare-ups. In the phase 2 LUMINA-1 trial, adult patients with FOP were randomized to garetosmab, an activin A-blocking antibody (n = 20) or placebo (n = 24) in period 1 (28 weeks), followed by an open-label period 2 (28 weeks; n = 43). The primary end points were safety and for period 1, the activity and size of HO lesions. All patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event during period 1, notably epistaxis, madarosis and skin abscesses. Five deaths (5 of 44; 11.4%) occurred in the open-label period and, while considered unlikely to be related, causality cannot be ruled out. The primary efficacy end point in period 1 (total lesion activity by PET–CT) was not met (P = 0.0741). As the development of new HO lesions was suppressed in period 1, the primary efficacy end point in period 2 was prospectively changed to the number of new HO lesions versus period 1. No placebo patients crossing over to garetosmab developed new HO lesions (0% in period 2 versus 40.9% in period 1; P = 0.0027). Further investigation of garetosmab in FOP is ongoing. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03188666.
Live-cell three-dimensional single-molecule tracking reveals modulation of enhancer dynamics by NuRD
Authors: Basu S. , Shukron O. , Hall D. , Parutto P. , Ponjavic A. , Shah D. , Boucher W. , Lando D. , Zhang W. , Reynolds N. , Sober L. H. , Jartseva A. , Ragheb R. , Ma X. , Cramard J. , Floyd R. , Balmer J. , Drury T. A. , Carr A. R. , Needham L.-M. , Aubert A. , Communie G. , Gor K. , Steindel M. , Morey L. , Blanco E. , Bartke T. , Di Croce L. , Berger I. , Schaffitzel C. , Lee S. F. , Stevens T. J. , Klenerman D. , Hendrich B. D. , Holcman D. , Laue E. D.
Published: September 2023

To understand how the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex regulates enhancers and enhancer–promoter interactions, we have developed an approach to segment and extract key biophysical parameters from live-cell three-dimensional single-molecule trajectories. Unexpectedly, this has revealed that NuRD binds to chromatin for minutes, decompacts chromatin structure and increases enhancer dynamics. We also uncovered a rare fast-diffusing state of enhancers and found that NuRD restricts the time spent in this state. Hi-C and Cut&Run experiments revealed that NuRD modulates enhancer–promoter interactions in active chromatin, allowing them to contact each other over longer distances. Furthermore, NuRD leads to a marked redistribution of CTCF and, in particular, cohesin. We propose that NuRD promotes a decondensed chromatin environment, where enhancers and promoters can contact each other over longer distances, and where the resetting of enhancer–promoter interactions brought about by the fast decondensed chromatin motions is reduced, leading to more stable, long-lived enhancer–promoter relationships.
Hallucination of closed repeat proteins containing central pockets
Authors: An Linna , Hicks Derrick R. , Zorine Dmitri , Dauparas Justas , Wicky Basile I. M. , Milles Lukas F. , Courbet Alexis , Bera Asim K. , Nguyen Hannah , Kang Alex , Carter Lauren , Baker David
Published: September 2023

In pseudocyclic proteins, such as TIM barrels, β barrels, and some helical transmembrane channels, a single subunit is repeated in a cyclic pattern, giving rise to a central cavity that can serve as a pocket for ligand binding or enzymatic activity. Inspired by these proteins, we devised a deep-learning-based approach to broadly exploring the space of closed repeat proteins starting from only a specification of the repeat number and length. Biophysical data for 38 structurally diverse pseudocyclic designs produced in Escherichia coli are consistent with the design models, and the three crystal structures we were able to obtain are very close to the designed structures. Docking studies suggest the diversity of folds and central pockets provide effective starting points for designing small-molecule binders and enzymes.
A Higher radix architecture for quantum carry-lookahead adder
Authors: Wang Siyi , Baksi Anubhab , Chattopadhyay Anupam
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we propose an efficient quantum carry-lookahead adder based on the higher radix structure. For the addition of two n-bit numbers, our adder uses $$O(n)-O(\frac{n}{r})$$

O

(
n
)

-
O

(

n
r

)

qubits and $$O(n)+O(\frac{n}{r})$$

O

(
n
)

+
O

(

n
r

)

T gates to get the correct answer in T-depth $$O(r)+O(\log {\frac{n}{r}})$$

O

(
r
)

+
O

(
log

n
r

)

, where r is the radix. Quantum carry-lookahead adder has already attracted some attention because of its low T-depth. Our work further reduces the overall cost by introducing a higher radix layer. By analyzing the performance in T-depth, T-count, and qubit count, it is shown that the proposed adder is superior to existing quantum carry-lookahead adders. Even compared to the Draper out-of-place adder which is very compact and efficient, our adder is still better in terms of T-count.
Effect of vehicle external acceleration signal light on pedestrian-vehicle interaction
Authors: Li Feng , Pan Wenjun , Xiang Jiali
Published: September 2023

The number of casualties resulting from collisions between pedestrians and motor vehicles continues to rise. A significant factor is the misunderstanding of vehicle behavior intentions by pedestrians. This is especially true with the continuous development of vehicle automation technology, which has reduced direct interaction between drivers and the outside world. Therefore, accurate communication of vehicle behavior intentions is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of external vehicle acceleration signal light on the interaction experience between pedestrians and vehicles. The differences between the use and nonuse of acceleration signal light are compared through controlled test track experiments in real scenarios and in videos.The results show that acceleration signal light help pedestrians understand vehicle behavior intentions more quickly and make safer crossing decisions as well as improving their perception of safety when crossing the street and their trust in vehicle behavior.
Picosecond to microsecond dynamics of X-ray irradiated materials at MHz pulse repetition rate
Authors: Lipp Vladimir , Grünert Jan , Liu Jia , Ziaja Beata
Published: September 2023

Modern X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) produce intense femtosecond X-ray pulses able to cause significant damage to irradiated targets. Energetic photoelectrons created upon X-ray absorption, and Auger electrons emitted after relaxation of core-hole states trigger secondary electron cascades, which contribute to the increasing transient free electron density on femtosecond timescales. Further evolution may involve energy and particle diffusion, creation of point defects, and lattice heating. This long-timescale (up to a microsecond) X-ray-induced dynamics is discussed on the example of silicon in two-dimensional geometry. For modeling, we apply an extended Two-Temperature model with electron density dynamics, nTTM, which describes relaxation of an irradiated sample between two successive X-ray pulses, emitted from XFEL at MHz pulse repetition rate. It takes into account ambipolar carrier diffusion, electronic and atomic heat conduction, as well as electron-ion coupling. To solve the nTTM system of equations in two dimensions, we developed a dedicated finite-difference integration algorithm based on Alternating Direction Implicit method with an additional predictor-corrector scheme. We show first results obtained with the model and discuss its possible applications for XFEL optics, detectors, and for diagnostics tools. In particular, the model can estimate the timescale of material relaxation relevant for beam diagnostic applications during MHz operation of contemporary and future XFELs.
Floating wind turbines structural details fatigue life assessment
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Yakimov Vladimir , Wang Fang , Zhang Fuxi , Balakrishna Rajiv
Published: September 2023

Fatigue damage prediction is essential for safety of contemporary offshore energy industrial projects, like offshore wind turbines, that are to be designed for sufficiently long operational period of time, with minimal operational disruptions. Offshore structures being designed to withstand environmental loadings due to winds and waves. Due to accumulated fatigue damage, offshore wind floating turbines may develop material cracks in their critical locations sooner than expected. Dataset needed for an accurate assessment of fatigue damage may be produced by either extensive numerical modeling, or direct measurements. However, in reality, temporal length of the underlying dataset being typically too short to provide an accurate calculation of direct fatigue damage and fatigue life. Hence, the objective of this work is to contribute to the development of novel fatigue assessment methods, making better use of limited underlying dataset. In this study, in-situ environmental conditions were incorporated to assess offshore FWT tower base stresses; then structural cumulative fatigue damage has been assessed. Novel deconvolution extrapolation method has been introduced in this study, and it was shown to be able to accurately predict long-term fatigue damage. The latter technique was validated, using artificially reduced dataset, and resulted in fatigue damage that was shown to be close to the damage, calculated from the full original underlying dataset. Recommended method has been shown to utilize available dataset much more efficiently, compared to direct fatigue estimation. Accurate fatigue assessment of offshore wind turbine structural characteristics is essential for structural reliability, design, and operational safety.
Breast tumor-on-chip: from the tumor microenvironment to medical applications
Authors: Liu Yiying , Liu Ruonan , Liu He , Lyu Tong , Chen Kun , Jin Kaiming , Tian Ye
Published: September 2023

The breast tumor microenvironment, preclinical breast cancer models, fabrication methods, breast tumor-on-chip models, and applications are summarized.
Construction and bioanalytical applications of poly-adenine-mediated gold nanoparticle-based spherical nucleic acids
Authors: Shang Zhiwei , Deng Zixuan , Yi Xiaoqing , Yang Mengyu , Nong Xianliang , Lin Meihua , Xia Fan
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes the properties and synthesis methods of polyA-mediated SNAs, followed by their applications in biosensing. Discussion and an outlook on future challenges in this field are also presented.
First-in-class metallo-PROTAC as an effective degrader of select Pt-binding proteins
Authors: O’Dowd Paul D. , Sullivan Graeme P. , Rodrigues Daniel A. , Chonghaile Tríona Ní , Griffith Darren M.
Published: September 2023

We report the development of the first metallo-PROTAC, specifically a Pt-PROTAC that effectively degrades select Pt(ii)-binding proteins. Metallo-PROTACs will have important applications in identifying metal binding proteins and as chemotherapeutics.
Robust dual-cross-linked networks enable stable silicon anodes
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhang Hui , Zeng Jinrong , Sun Wenlu , Qian Hao , Fu Fang , Bai Hongcun , Kong Huabin , Chen Hongwei
Published: September 2023

We present a concept of primary building units (PBUs) that serve as fundamental organizational elements for constructing multilevel electrode architectures.
pH-Dependent phosphate separation using a tripodal hexaurea receptor
Authors: Sun Zhong-Yu , Chen Si-Qi , Liang Lin , Zhao Wei , Yang Xiao-Juan , Wu Biao
Published: September 2023

A tripodal hexaurea receptor enables reversible uptake and release of phosphate anions from water under the control of pH.
Understanding the structural landscape of Mn-based MOFs formed with hinged pyrazole carboxylate linkers
Authors: Smernik Josephine F. , Gimeno-Fonquernie Pol , Albalad Jorge , Jones Tyla S. , Young Rosemary J. , Champness Neil R. , Doonan Christian J. , Evans Jack D. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

Isoreticulation of MOFs made of pyrazole carboxylate linkers and Mn nodes is nontrivial due to linker flexibility and a variety of accessible Mn nodes. The use of tetratopic hinged linkers to form porous 3D MOFs was identified as a viable strategy.
Mobility and separation of linear and branched C5 alkanes in UiO-66 (Zr) probed by 2H NMR and MD simulations
Authors: Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Plekhanov Mikhail S. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Stepanov Alexander G.
Published: September 2023

Kinetic and thermodynamic separation of n-pentane and isopentane isomers by a dehydroxylated UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework is explored using 2H NMR coupled with molecular dynamics (MD, GCMC MD) simulations.
Element-ratio dependence of the 5d-states of Au and Pt in solid-solution-type Au–Pt alloy nanoparticles studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory
Authors: Morita Takeshi , Ogawa Shunki , Kayama Tomotaka , Ono Wataru , Tamura Shinya , Umeda Kazuki , Iwamatsu Tsubasa , Uehara Nobuo , Konishi Takehisa
Published: September 2023

The study revealed element-ratio dependence of the 5d-states and mechanism of the 5d-state changes in solid-solution-type Au–Pt alloy nanoparticles.
Stereo-electronic factors influencing the stability of hydroperoxyalkyl radicals: transferability of chemical trends across hydrocarbons and ab initio methods
Authors: Kandpal Saurabh Chandra , Otukile Kgalaletso P. , Jindal Shweta , Senthil Salini , Matthews Cameron , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan
Published: September 2023

Stereoelectronic effects can enhance the stability of hydroperoxyalkyl radicals (˙QOOH).
Two-dimensional ambipolar carriers of giant density at the diamond/cubic-BN(111) interfaces: toward complementary logic and quantum applications
Authors: Zhu Jiaduo , Su Kai , Ren Zeyang , Li Yao , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhang Jincheng , Guo Lixin , Hao Yue
Published: September 2023

2D ambipolar carriers at the diamond/cBN(111) interfaces induced by the polarization-discontinuity.
Studies on PVDF/ferrite composite films on flexible substrates for pyroelectric energy conversion
Authors: Bhiogade Achal , Nagamalleswari Katragadda , Mandal Pranab , Ramakrishnan Vengadesh Kumara Mangalam
Published: September 2023

Multiferroic flexible composite films on ITO-coated PET substrates for pyroelectric energy conversion. A maximum figure of merit of 8.67% was observed in 5 wt% of MnFe2O4 and 12.19% in 10 wt% of NiFe2O4 composite film.
Elevating the comprehensive performance of carbon-based hybrid electrode materials by incorporating nickel silicate for lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Jiajie , Guan Ziheng , Tao Yingjie , Li Lanze , Wei Junjie , Wang Fan , Shen Zhehong , Yang Deren
Published: September 2023

A method of incorporating nickel silicate into carbon–metal oxide/hydroxide hybrid materials is recommended to improve their overall lithium-ion storage performance.
Promotion effect of intercalated citrate anion on the reconstruction of NiFe LDH for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: He Xiong , Cai Jiayang , Chen Qiyi , Liu Jinghua , Zhong Qijun , Liu Jingyan , Sun Zijun , Qu Dezhi , Lu Yao , Li Xin
Published: September 2023

The promotion effect of citrate anions (CA) on OER activity is considered. CA intercalation could accelerate the structure reconstruction to re-form the catalytically active Ni(Fe)OOH.
Discovering potential inhibitors of the YEATS domain of YEATS2 through virtual screening, molecular optimization and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Cheng Guanghui , Zhao Jingjie , Gao Ping , Mao Haiting , Yuan Chao , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2023

We identified potential YEATS2 YEATS domain inhibitor candidates by integrating multiple computational approaches. The optimized compounds op2-1, op2-6, op3-5, and op3-6 demonstrate strong binding affinities towards the YEATS2 YEATS domain.
Organocatalytic alkylation and photoorganocatalyst-free acylation of azomethine imines by Hantzsch esters under blue LED light
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Phetcharawetch Jongkonporn , Qi Minghao , Kyne Sara Helen , Kuhakarn Chutima , Zhong Bingwei , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: September 2023

Photoorganocatalytic alkylation of azomethine imines by 4-alkyl- and 4-acyl-substituted Hantzsch esters under blue LED light to give 1-alkyl- and 1-acyl-substituted-pyrazolidin-3-ones.
Low Pt loaded CNTs as efficient catalysts for CO oxidation
Authors: Zou Yang , Li Xue , Hu Siqi , Wen Yumeng , Liu Xiaolong , Lu Chunxin , Zhu Tingyu
Published: September 2023

CO oxidation on Pt/CNTs follows the ER mechanism. O2 is activated by adsorption on Pt nanoparticles to form a Pt NPs–O–O*–CO structure with CO. The structure then breaks down to yield CO2 and O*. Finally, O* reacts with CO to produce CO2.
Epitaxial van der Waals contacts of 2D TaSe2-WSe2 metal–semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Qiao Peiyu , Xia Jing , Li Xuanze , Li Yuye , Cao Jianyu , zhang zhongshi , Lu Heng , Meng Qing , Li Jiangtao , Meng Xiang-Min
Published: September 2023

Two-Dimensional TaSe2-WSe2 metal-semiconductor heterostructures have been successfully synthesized. The clean contact interface greatly improves the electronic contact performance.
Sub-9 nm high-performance and low-power transistors based on an in-plane NbSe2/MoSe2/NbSe2 heterojunction
Authors: Cao Zeng-Lin , Guo Xiao-Hui , Yao Kai-Lun , Zhu Lin
Published: September 2023

The use of two-dimensional semiconductor materials as channel materials for field-effect transistors (FETs) is of great interest since it can lower the gate length of FETs to less than 10 nm without noticeably impairing the device's performance.
Digital calibration technique based AC injection for continuous‐time sigma‐delta converters
Authors: Zhu Shengling , Chen Lei , Su Jie
Published: September 2023

In this study, a digital calibration method applicable for a continuous‐time sigma‐delta analogue‐to‐digital converter is proposed using the AC injection technique. The proposed technique directly calibrates the integration accuracy of a converter instead of only trimming the capacitors. Compared with the existing calibration methods, the proposed method does not require complex timing logic processing or additional capacitors and does not adversely impact the dynamic performance of the converter. Furthermore, it ensures the accuracy of the converter, regardless of the non‐ideal effects of advanced processes.
Maritime moving target detection and localisation technique for Global Navigation Satellite Signals‐based passive multistatic radar
Authors: Nasso Ilaria , Santi Fabrizio
Published: September 2023

This article puts forward a ship target detection and localisation technique for GNSS‐based passive multistatic radar. The approach capitalises on the large spatial diversity offered by navigation satellite constellations to provide maritime awareness using short integration time windows, thus bypassing the shortcomings suffered by approaches relying on long dwells typically considered in satellite‐based passive radar systems. The proposed approach entirely operates on the Cartesian plane and it is able to provide in a single stage the detection and localisation of the target in the surveyed area. Theoretical and simulated performance analysis are provided to illustrate as the proposed approach can outperform conventional two‐stages (i.e. bistatic detection then localisation) procedures, with particular regard to the case of significant radar cross section scintillation, likely experienced in the system under consideration. The effectiveness of the approach has been verified via experimental data acquired in a few scenarios of interest comprising opportunistic targets belonging to different types.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems disciplined oscillator synchronisation of multistatic radar
Authors: Beasley Piers J. , Peters Nial , Horne Colin , Ritchie Matthew A.
Published: September 2023

A fundamental challenge in the practical implementation of multistatic radar systems (MSRS) is the requirement for precise time and frequency synchronisation between the spatially separated radar nodes. The authors evaluate the performance of different classes of commercially available Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) timing receivers, Local Oscillators (LO) and GNSS Disciplined Oscillators (GNSSDOs) to determine the limitations of using one‐way GNSS Time and Frequency Transfer (TFT) in this application. From evaluating the performance of three pairs of GNSSDOs, it is concluded that one‐way GNSS TFT will likely be suitable only for the synchronisation of fully spatially coherent MSRS with carrier frequencies up to 100 MHz and waveform bandwidths up to 20 MHz. Whereas, in the case of short‐term spatially coherent MSRS, synchronisation of systems with carrier frequencies up to a few GHz and waveform bandwidths of over 100 MHz will likely be possible. The performance of the different classes of GNSSDOs during GNSS denial (holdover) are evaluated, where it is concluded that frequency offsets between LOs at the point of GNSS denial will often significantly contribute, or even dominate, the holdover performance. Analysis of two practical multistatic radar measurements verifies the function of using the GNSSDOs for wireless synchronisation of the ARESTOR MSRS.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia following Late Preterm Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration in Individuals with Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Raj-Derouin Natasha , Perino John M. , Fisher Sophie , Zhang Yijia , Thaker Vidhu , Zork Noelia M.
Published: September 2023

Objective Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) administration is standard practice for pregnant individuals delivering in the late preterm period, though no guidelines are in place for those with diabetes. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia after ACS administration in pregnant individuals with diabetes delivering in the late preterm period.

Study Design This is a retrospective, single-center, case–control study of individuals with diabetes who delivered between 340/7 and 366/7 weeks' gestation at a large academic medical center from 2016 to 2021. A total of 169 individuals were included in the analysis; 87 received corticosteroids and 82 did not. The proportion of neonates with hypoglycemia, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia were compared between parents who received ACSs versus those who did not.

Results The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia (40.2 vs. 23.2%, p = 0.027), requiring treatment (40.3 vs. 22.4%, p = 0.041), and hyperbilirubinemia (35.6 vs 18.5%, p = 0.018) was greater for neonates born to individuals with diabetes who received late preterm ACSs compared with those who did not. There was no difference in NICU admission and respiratory distress between the groups. These results remained unchanged after controlling for confounders including gestational age at delivery and birth weight.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that late preterm corticosteroid administration to pregnant individuals with diabetes increases the risk for neonatal hypoglycemia without changing the rates of respiratory morbidity.

Key Points
Cold snare defect protrusion and incomplete polyp resection after forced cold snare polypectomy: a prospective observational study
Authors: Arimoto Jun , Chiba Hideyuki , Yamada Keiji , Nishiguchi Takanori , Kobayashi Mikio , Okada Naoya , Suto Takuma , Niikura Toshihiro , Kuwabara Hiroki , Nakaoka Michiko , Ida Tomonori
Published: September 2023

Background Cold snare defect protrusions (CSDPs) that occur after cold snare polypectomy (CSP) are considered indicators of incomplete polyp resection (IPR). We have sometimes experienced difficulty resecting polyps with snaring alone; in such cases, a forcible pull on the snare by the endoscopist is necessary. We call this procedure “forced CSP (FCSP).” However, no previous studies have evaluated this procedure.

Methods This was a prospective observational study. From November 2020 to June 2021, the frequency, safety, and validity of FCSP were evaluated at our hospital. We distinguished CSP with snaring alone performed by the assistant as conventional CSP, and CSP requiring a forcible pull on the snare by the endoscopist as FCSP.

Results Of 1315 polyps removed, 105 underwent FCSP (8%). The perforation rate was 0% in both groups. The rate of CSDP after the procedure was 96.2% (101/105) with FCSP and 6.4% (77/1210) with conventional CSP (P<0.001). The rate of IPR was 12.5% (13/104) with FCSP and 6.2% (75/1208) with conventional CSP (P=0.02). Multivariable analysis identified polyps located in the cecum (risk ratio [RR], 1.13; 95%CI 1.050–1.179; P=0.003) and polyps ≥6mm in diameter (RR, 2.37; 95%CI 2.146–2.542; P<0.001) as independent risk factors for FCSP.

Conclusions FCSP was performed on 105 polyps (8%) in this study. FCSP may be associated with the occurrence of CSDP and IPR. Further studies are necessary to confirm our results.
Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Witt Paul
Published: September 2023

We examine the characteristics of consumers who reported scams to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. We assess how consumers vary demographically across six scam types, and how the overall emotional sentiment of a consumer’s complaint (positive, negative, neutral/mixed) relates to reporting victimization versus attempted fraud (no losses). For romance, tech support, and prize, sweepstakes, and lottery scams, more older than young and middle-aged adults reported victimization. Across all scam types, consumers classified as Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Asian Pacific Islander were more likely than non-Hispanic white consumers to report victimization than attempted fraud. Relative to complaints categorized as emotionally neutral or mixed, we find that emotionally positive complaints and emotionally negative complaints were significantly associated with victimization, but that these relationships differed by scam type. This study helps identify which consumer groups are affected by specific scams and the association between emotion and victimization.
A biophysical approach towards understanding swarming
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: September 2023

Biophysical mechanisms underlying P. aeruginosa swarm expansion and tendril formation
Higher cup products on hypercubic lattices: Application to lattice models of topological phases
Authors: Chen Yu-An , Tata Sri
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we derive the explicit formula for higher cup products on hypercubic lattices based on the recently developed geometrical interpretation on the simplicial complexes. We illustrate how this formalism can elucidate lattice constructions on hypercubic lattices for various models and derive them from spacetime actions. In particular, we demonstrate explicitly that the (3 + 1)D SPT S=12∫w22+w14 (where w1 and w2 are the first and second Stiefel-Whitney classes) is dual to the 3-fermion Walker-Wang model constructed on the cubic lattice. Other examples include the double-semion model and also the “fermionic” toric code in arbitrary dimensions on hypercubic lattices. In addition, we extend previous constructions of exact boson-fermion dualities and the Gu-Wen Grassmann integral to arbitrary dimensions. Another result that may be of independent interest is a derivation of a cochain-level action for the generalized double-semion model, reproducing a recently derived action on the cohomology level.
Rate equations description of the asymmetric double barrier electronic cooler
Authors: Philippe A. , Carosella F. , Zhu X. , Salhani C. , Hirakawa K. , Bescond M. , Ferreira R. , Bastard G.
Published: September 2023

Recent experimental results showed that an electron gas in an asymmetrical double barrier heterostructure can be effectively cooled down under resonant tunneling condition, thus leading to the realization of an electronic cooler. The cooling process is a multi-parameters phenomenon and it is desirable to handle this problem through a reasonably simple approach, in order to understand the role of each parameter. To this end, we present a rate equation modeling of the electron cooling. We model the resonant tunnel injection of the electrons in the well and their thermionic emission assisted by Longitudinal Optical (LO) phonons absorption and emission. The influence of several parameters on the electronic temperature is discussed. This simple model compares rather well to the predictions of non-equilibrium Green function approach and to the experiments.
First large capsule implosions in a frustum-shaped hohlraum
Authors: Baker K. L. , Amendt P. A. , Ross J. S. , Smalyuk V. A. , Landen O. L. , Ho D. D. , Khan S. , Haan S. W. , Lindl J. D. , Mariscal D. , Milovich J. L. , MacLaren S. , Ping Y. , Strozzi D. J. , Bionta R. M. , Casey D. T. , Celliers P. M. , Fittinghoff D. N. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Hahn K. D. , Johnson M. Gatu , Kim Y. , Meaney K. , Millot M. , Nora R. , Volegov P. L. , Wilde C. H.
Published: September 2023

We report on the first indirect-drive implosions driven by a dual conical frustum-shaped hohlraum denoted “frustraum” and the experimental tuning campaigns leading up to two layered implosions. The campaign used 1.2 and 1.4 mm inner radius high density carbon (HDC) capsules and represented the largest HDC capsules to be imploded on the National Ignition Facility via indirect drive. Several techniques were successfully implemented to control the Legendre mode 2 capsule symmetry of the implosions, including changing the wall angle of the frustraum, which is not possible with cylindrical hohlraums. A mode 4 feature was observed and its implications for hotspot mix discussed. Two layered implosions were conducted with 1.2 mm inner radius capsules, the latter of which achieved the highest layered capsule absorbed energy on the National Ignition Facility using only 1.74 MJ of laser energy. The layered implosion results, along with generalized Lawson parameters, suggest that increasing the energy absorbed by the capsule at the expense of long coast times makes it more challenging to achieve ignition and that further reducing coast time (time between end of laser pulse and bang time) closer to the 1 ns level is warranted to improve the areal density and make it easier to achieve the hotspot temperature, alpha heating, and yield amplification required for ignition.
First-principles molten salt phase diagrams through thermodynamic integration
Authors: Shah Tanooj , Fazel Kamron , Lian Jie , Huang Liping , Shi Yunfeng , Sundararaman Ravishankar
Published: September 2023

Precise prediction of phase diagrams in molecular dynamics simulations is challenging due to the simultaneous need for long time and large length scales and accurate interatomic potentials. We show that thermodynamic integration from low-cost force fields to neural network potentials trained using density-functional theory (DFT) enables rapid first-principles prediction of the solid–liquid phase boundary in the model salt NaCl. We use this technique to compare the accuracy of several DFT exchange–correlation functionals for predicting the NaCl phase boundary and find that the inclusion of dispersion interactions is critical to obtain good agreement with experiment. Importantly, our approach introduces a method to predict solid–liquid phase boundaries for any material at an ab initio level of accuracy, with the majority of the computational cost at the level of classical potentials.
High efficient field-free magnetization switching via exchange bias effect induced by antiferromagnetic insulator interface
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Li Meiling , Lu Yunhao , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong
Published: September 2023

Spin–orbit torque induced deterministic magnetization switching typically requires the assistance of an external magnetic field for symmetry breaking. However, achieving field-free switching in perpendicular magnetized layers is crucial for expanding the market of high-density memory. Previous reports have utilized exchange bias, an antiferromagnetic interfacial effect, to realize field-free magnetization switching. However, metallic antiferromagnetic layers will introduce shunting effects that reduce switching efficiency and the Néel vector becomes unstable when current flows through the antiferromagnetic layer. In this study, we achieved the zero-field magnetization switching in NiO/Pt/Co/Pt multilayers. Simulation results demonstrate higher efficiency compared to metallic antiferromagnetic IrMn-based structures. Our findings highlight that the insulator antiferromagnetic can provide an exchange bias field, eliminating the need for an external magnetic field. By avoiding shunting effects, our designed structure offers a more efficient approach for spintronic devices.
New exact plasma equilibria with axial and helical symmetry
Authors: Keller Jason M. , Cheviakov Alexei F.
Published: September 2023

We derive new exact closed-form solutions of magnetohydrodynamics equations, with and without dynamics, which model astrophysical jets and other prolonged plasma configurations. The solutions are obtained in static and dynamic incompressible equilibrium settings, in axial and helical symmetry assumptions, and are given in terms of Whittaker, Coulomb, and Heun special functions. For each symmetry, two distinct families of physical solutions arise, corresponding to two distinct pressure profiles. One pressure profile models plasmas supported by an external pressure and is suitable for the description of plasma configurations in a medium, such as atmosphere. The second profile features higher pressure inside the plasma domain and can model plasmas residing in a vacuum. Examples of static and dynamic solutions in axially and helically symmetric settings, including solutions with boundary current sheets, are presented and discussed.
Layer-by-layer acoustic travel time approximation using ray theory for total focusing method imaging in carbon fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Cao Ziyi , Shi Fangfang , Zhang Bixing
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a layer-by-layer acoustic travel time approximation method based on ray theory for total focusing method (TFM) imaging in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. The method considers the anisotropy in every monolayer and heterogeneity of CFRP, which approximates the path of propagation as straight in the whole material. The application of this method to TFM imaging is called TravelTimeAppro-TFM. In comparison to isotropic-TFM and Dijkstra-TFM, the experimental results indicated that TravelTimeAppro-TFM outperforms isotropic-TFM in terms of imaging amplitude gain with a maximum gain of 4.67 dB. On the other hand, this approach reduces the computational work compared to Dijkstra-TFM. The proposed method demonstrates significant improvements in both focusing performance and the speed of calculation. This paper also investigates the effective angular range of the layer-by-layer acoustic travel time approximation method through experimental and finite element simulation analysis.
Meta-generalized gradient approximations in time dependent generalized Kohn–Sham theory: Importance of the current density correction
Authors: Richter Rian , Aschebrock Thilo , Schelter Ingo , Kümmel Stephan
Published: September 2023

We revisit the use of Meta-Generalized Gradient Approximations (mGGAs) in time-dependent density functional theory, reviewing conceptual questions and solving the generalized Kohn–Sham equations by real-time propagation. After discussing the technical aspects of using mGGAs in combination with pseudopotentials and comparing real-space and basis set results, we focus on investigating the importance of the current-density based gauge invariance correction. For the two modern mGGAs that we investigate in this work, TASK and r2SCAN, we observe that for some systems, the current density correction leads to negligible changes, but for others, it changes excitation energies by up to 40% and more than 0.8 eV. In the cases that we study, the agreement with the reference data is improved by the current density correction.
Ground testing of release impulse for the aluminum cubic test mass with a compound pendulum for the TianQin project
Authors: Zou Yutong , Li Wencan , Mao Qiangbing , Yang Lingling , Liu Ruiqi , Huang Tong , Su Xingda , Li Qing , Zhou Zebing
Published: September 2023

In the space-borne gravitational wave detection TianQin project, the locking and releasing of test mass is one of the key technologies. The test mass will be locked during the spacecraft launch and then released to free fall for the science phase. The residual release impulse is required to be on the order of magnitude of 10−5 kg m/s, which allows us to capture the test mass by the force authority of the capacity control. In this paper, the release impulse of the aluminum test mass is measured with a compound pendulum for the TianQin project. The test mass is locked by two tips from opposite positions, and the release impulse is obtained from the oscillation of the pendulum. When the aluminum test mass is locked and released by the stainless steel and aluminum tips, the release impulses and their uncertainties are on the order of magnitude of 10−5and 10−7 kg m/s, respectively. This provides a feasible measurement scheme for the impulse testing in the TianQin project.
Molecular dynamics study of diffusionless phase transformations in HMX: β-HMX twinning and β-ɛ phase transition
Authors: Pereverzev Andrey
Published: September 2023

We use molecular dynamics to study the mechanism of deformation twinning of β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX) in the P21/n space group setting for the twin system specified by K1=(101), η1=[101¯], K2=(101¯), and η2=[101] at T=1 and 300 K. Twinning of a single perfect crystal was induced by imposing increasing stress. The following three forms of stress were considered: uniaxial compression along [001], shear stress in the K1 plane along the η1 direction, and shear stress in the K2 plane along the η2 direction. In all cases, the crystal transforms to its twin by the same mechanism: as the stress increases, the a and c lattice parameters become, respectively, longer and shorter; soon after the magnitude of a exceeds that of c the system undergoes a quick phase-transition-like transformation. This transformation can be approximately separated into two stages: glide of the essentially intact {101} crystal planes along ⟨101¯⟩ crystal directions followed by rotations of all HMX molecules accompanied by N-NO2 and CH2 group rearrangements. The overall process corresponds to a military transformation. If uniaxial compression along [001] is applied to a β-HMX crystal which is already subject to a hydrostatic pressure ≳10 GPa, the transformation described above proceeds through the crystal-plane gliding stage but only minor molecular rearrangements occurs. This results in a high-pressure phase of HMX which belongs to the P21/n space group. The coexistence curve for this high-pressure phase and β-HMX is constructed using the harmonic approximation for the crystal Hamiltonians.
Black hole horizons from the double copy
Authors: Chawla Samarth , Keeler Cynthia
Published: September 2023

We describe a procedure for locating black hole horizons in ‘Kerr–Schild’ spacetimes in the double copy paradigm. Using only single- and zeroth-copy data on flat spacetime, our procedure predicts the existence of trapped surfaces in the double-copy gravitational solution. We show explicitly how this procedure locates the horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole and the general Myers–Perry black hole.
The effects of high temperature thermal treatments on β-Ga2O3 films grown on c-sapphire by low-pressure CVD
Authors: Wu Songhao , Liu Zichun , Yang Han , Wang Yeliang
Published: September 2023

As a simple and effective method for improving the crystalline quality of epitaxial Ga2O3 film, post-thermal treatment has been identified as a competitive process involving crystal reconstruction accompanied by defect formation. In this study, β-Ga2O3 films grown on a c-sapphire substrate using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition were subjected to thermal treatment at 1000 °C in air for various duration to investigate the effects of treatment time on the films. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of x-ray rocking curves initially decreased from 1.62° to 0.98° with increasing treatment time up to 5 h, indicating improved crystallinity. This improvement is likely a result of the reduced angle between Ga2O3 grains and the reconstructed Ga2O3 lattice, oriented towards the (−201) plane due to the thermal treatment, as observed in the transmission electron microscope and electron back-scattering diffraction results. However, under 7 h of treatment, the crystallinity of Ga2O3 degraded, as evidenced by an increased FWHM, as well as by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results. This degradation can be attributed to the presence of massive oxygen vacancies and the substitutional incorporation of nitrogen into oxygen sites (NO), resulting in defects.
Thermal conductivities of ultra-lightweight
C12
-based type-VII clathrates: an ab initio and comparative study
Authors: Zheng Guohui
Published: September 2023

Caged carbon clathrates may have profound applications in thermoelectrics due to their inherent host–guest relations. Using ab initio techniques, we investigate the electronic and phononic properties of type-VII

C

12

clathrate, which is a prototype of the widely studied ternary X–B–C clathrate, and tune its properties using lithium atom filling and boron atom substitution. Upon the introduction of pairwise B substition and a Li filler, the half-filled and fully filled structures retain their semiconducting characteristics due to balanced electron counts; however, their indirect band gaps are reduced. By comparing the phonon and thermal properties of filled and empty structures, we show that B substitution and Li fillers lift the phonon degeneracies, increase the three-phonon scattering phase spaces and eventually cause tenfold reductions in the relaxation time of phonons. The Li filler-induced rattling of phonon modes and resonant scattering channels, which are validated by the peak features of phonon density of states and scattering rates, efficiently reduce the room temperature thermal conductivity for fully filled structures. Our findings indicate the efficiency of heteroatomic substitution and fillers to engineer the phonon and thermal properties of carbon-based clathrates.