bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on the impact of participation in sport and physical activities on psychological resilience
Authors: Husain Haslinda , Samsudin Shamsulariffin , Ayub Ahmad Fauzi Mohd , Ahmad Mohamad Firdaus , Afwan Nur Syazwani Zulaikha S
Published: August 2024

Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is often considered a potential contributor to psychological resilience due to its physical, cognitive, and social benefits. This review aims to synthesize an extensive overview of the existing knowledge landscape, shedding light on the mechanisms through which sport and PA may contribute to psychological resilience among students. Guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement review method, we comprehensively searched key databases, including EBSCOhost and Scopus. Note that a total of 353 publications were initially determined. The final finding data concludes that 15 met the selection criteria. The findings were synthesized based on three themes: enhancing positive mental health, reducing negative emotions, and mitigating depression and anxiety. These outcomes highlight the transformative potential of sports and PAs in nurturing a robust psychological foundation among student populations. However, it calls for more robust and standardized research approaches. This is with implications suggesting the integration of sports and PA into comprehensive mental health programs, emphasizing their multifaceted benefits beyond psychological resilience. Tailoring interventions, recognizing the social aspects, and emphasizing the personalized approach can contribute to more effective mental health promotion strategies for students.
Nearest neighbor analysis of the spread of tuberculosis in Padang
Authors: Sidiq Rapitos , Dewata Indang , Heldi Heldi , Hayati Neni Fitra
Published: August 2024

The rate of Tuberculosis (TB) cases in Padang has never dropped appreciably from year to year. Cases continue to be reported in all working regions of Puskesmas (primary healthcare center) although the precise transmission site is unknown. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern of TB sufferers in 4 Health Center working areas with the highest incidence using nearest neighbor analysis. This quantitative descriptive study used secondary data from the Padang Health Office and 4 working regions of primary healthcare centers from 2022 to March 2023, totaling 938 cases. The evidence is supported by actual observations of the physical conditions of the environment where TB patients live. The investigation of the ArcGIS program discovered that of the 4 working regions of primary healthcare centers. Mapping revealed that all locations showed a cluster pattern of TB transmission. It is hoped that these findings will be useful for health institutions in determining interventions so they can break the chain of TB transmission.
Cultural diversity and leadership styles in Malaysia’s corporate sector
Authors: Vallasamy Suriya Kumareswaran , Chandrapragasan Elilen , Muthu Harivanandan , Subramaniam Kartig , Nair Deepakk
Published: August 2024

In an era marked by globalization and heightened competition, this study delves into how sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, education, and work experience influence leadership styles, crucial for achieving organizational objectives. Employing the leadership behaviour questionnaire on 336 predominantly educated, male professionals of Indian descent in Malaysia's corporate sector, the research evaluates task and relationship orientations in leadership. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership behaviours. Intriguingly, there is a positive correlation between higher education, age, work experience, and relationship orientation, while education and salary predominantly affect task-oriented leadership. A notable discovery is the positive interplay between task and relationship orientations, suggesting their complementary nature. The study concludes that a balanced, multifaceted leadership approach, fostering both efficiency and employee welfare, is vital. It underscores the impact of educational and professional growth on leadership skills and the necessity of diverse leadership styles for optimal organizational performance, offering key insights for leadership development in varied settings.
Reducing human immunodeficiency virus stigma: a scoping review of intervention strategies
Authors: Qatrannada Shabrina Arifia , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Purnami Cahya Tri
Published: August 2024

Stigma has become one of the aspects closely associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), causing adverse effects for those affected. The primary goal of this scoping review is to identify various intervention models aimed at reducing HIV-related stigma. This review follows the PRISMA 2015 guidelines and utilizes sources from three online journal databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Search criteria include articles published in the last five years, from 2018 to 2023. Out of the initially retrieved 1,084 articles, 9 articles meeting inclusion criteria were selected for a more in-depth review. Most interventions typically employ a mix of strategies, incorporating diverse degrees of social-ecological involvement. Interventions employing dual strategies and extended durations with multiple sessions have the potential to more effectively reduce stigma. Supporting HIV-safe spaces and encouraging community involvement to understand the link between HIV stigma and the spread of HIV/AIDS in their surroundings can effectively reduce HIV stigma. Overall, most studies included in this review indicate fairly satisfactory outcomes. However, when implementing interventions, it remains crucial to tailor them to the specific location, considering that stigma is a social construct. The development of instruments to measure intervention effectiveness needs to be pursued to comprehensively identify significant intervention impacts.
Economic implications of ddPCR and NGS-based noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal aneuploidy screening
Authors: Mittal Amit Kumar , Shekhawat Dolat Singh , Patel Mamta , Singh Pratibha , Singh Kuldeep
Published: August 2024

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) heralds a transformative era in prenatal care, revolutionizing fetal health assessment. The recent adoption of aneuploidy screening signifies a significant advancement in prenatal genetic care in India. The current study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ddPCR-based NIPT for detecting chromosome aneuploidies, comparing it with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. This study adopts a laboratory-based observational approach to investigate the cost implications of NIPT for trisomies 13, 18, and 21 using ddPCR and NGS technologies. A meticulously designed cost analysis methodology was employed, adhering to established standards. The yearly capital and operational costs of NIPT were calculated with precision, focusing on the specific methods associated with ddPCR and NGS. The calculated annual capital and operating costs for NIPT using the ddPCR were $16,411 and $246,540 while those using the NGS platform were $91,440 and $250,560, respectively. The total cost of NIPT using ddPCR for 2,400 tests was $262,951, with an estimated cost per test of $110. In contrast, the total cost of NIPT using the NGS platform for 600 tests was $342,000, resulting in an estimated cost per test of $570. The ddPCR is five times more cost-effective. Moreover, it exhibits a fourfold reduction in time expenditure, attributable to streamlined procedures and does not require a complex bioinformatics analysis compared to the NGS. Moreover, this preliminary outcome on cost analysis for NIPT using ddPCR, as opposed to the NGS platform, can be extended to the health technology assessment (HTA) perspective for prenatal screening programs.
Exclusive breastfeeding behavior based on physical endurance and economic resilience of the family
Authors: Maharrani Titi , Nugrahini Evi Yunita , Junaedi Mohammad Dwinanda , Pratami Evi
Published: August 2024

Breast milk is the best food for babies that can be given until the child is two years old or more, it is proven that breast milk has advantages that cannot be replaced by any food and drink because it contains the most appropriate, complete, and always adjusting nutrients with the baby's needs at all times. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical endurance and economic resilience of the family on exclusive breastfeeding behavior. This research was analytic research using a cross-sectional design. The sample of this research was 108 postpartum mothers who were taken by simple random sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were physical endurance and economic resilience, while the dependent variable was the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. All data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, and data were analyzed using a logistic regression test. Adequacy of food, housing ownership, and health insurance ownership are factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding behavior with a p-value <0.05. While 8 other indicators including nutritional adequacy, family health, resting place, income, income adequacy, children's educational ability, dropping out of school, and ownership of family savings do not affect exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Physical endurance relationship between the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding on the indicator of food adequacy and the factor of economic resilience affects the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding on the indicators of housing ownership and health insurance.
Impact of bounding attachments on breastfeeding success in primipara postpartum mothers
Authors: Safaah Nurus , Yunitasari Esti , Prasetyo Budi , Triharini Mira , Feriani Pipit
Published: August 2024

Breastfeeding is more than just generating healthy breast milk. It is a cooperative activity involving both parties. This study examined how ligature ties affect primiparous women's ability to nurse their babies after giving birth. This type of research is cross-sectional. The study sample consisted of 144 primiparous postpartum women whose children were aged between 0 and three months. The entire sample employed in this study consisted of 106 primiparous postpartum women, selected by a combination of simple random sampling and probability. Questionnaires were used to collect data on attachment factors and breastfeeding success. A correlation value of r=0.437 was obtained, indicating a very positive association between the two variables, and the results demonstrated a significance level of ≤0.05. This correlation implies that effective nursing is mostly dependent on the mother and infant developing strong emotional attachment. These results further emphasize the importance of providing primiparous postpartum mothers with sufficient assistance and direction to enhance their bonding and breastfeeding experiences. Teaching caregivers and medical professionals the value of emotional connection and how it affects nursing outcomes are also essential. Given the established link between effective nursing and emotional attachment, healthcare providers can provide customized interventions and support to improve mother-child bonds throughout the postpartum phase.
A study on the relationship between psychological capital, organizational identification, and job burnout among university teachers
Authors: Mingmei Yang , Pek Lim Seong
Published: August 2024

To gain a comprehensive understanding of job burnout among Chinese university teachers, this study examined the impact of teachers' psychological capital on job burnout from the perspective of organizational identification. A survey was conducted among 350 teachers from five colleges and universities in Henan Province of China using a convenient sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS23.0 and process macros. The findings revealed that while teachers' psychological capital and organizational identification are generally high, there is a moderate level of job burnout. Furthermore, there was a substantial positive link found between teachers' psychological capital and organizational identification, with psychological capital significantly predicting organizational identification. Both psychological capital and organizational identification demonstrated significant negative correlations with job burnout, plus substantial predictive effects. Mediation analysis suggested that organizational identification partially mediates the relationship between teachers' psychological capital and job burnout.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАУКОВО-ДОКАЗОВОЇ ПРАКТИКИ У ФІЗИЧНІЙ ТЕРАПІЇ ПРИ ПОРУШЕННЯХ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОПОРНО-РУХОВОГО АПАРАТУ
Authors: Гевко У. П. , Попович Д. В. , Бондарчук В. І. , Гавриленко А. В.
Published: August 2024

Вступ. Фізична терапія є важливою складовою сучасної медичної практики. Вона ґрунтується на поєднанні наукових досліджень, клінічного досвіду та індивідуалізованого підходу до реабілітації пацієнта. Особливе значення у професійній практиці фізичних терапевтів має використання науково-доказових методів реабілітації для пацієнтів з порушеннями діяльності опорно-рухового апарату. Військова агресія в Україні призвела до значного збільшення числа поранених, у тому числі тих, хто отримав травми, що впливають на діяльність опорно-рухового апарату. Це ставить перед медичною системою величезні виклики щодо проведення ефективної реабілітації постраждалим. Військові травми часто характеризуються складністю, що вимагає від фахівців у галузі реабілітації високого рівня кваліфікації і глибокого розуміння наукових принципів та доказових методів реабілітації. Успішна реабілітація в цих випадках має величезне значення для якості життя постраждалих та їх подальшої інтеграції у суспільство.
Мета роботи – проаналізувати світовий досвід науково-доказової практики у фізичній терапії при порушеннях діяльності опорно-рухового апарату.
Основна частина. На сьогодні існує велика кількість досліджень, які стосуються фізичної терапії при порушеннях діяльності опорно-рухового апарату. Існує спеціальна база даних PEDro, яка спеціалізується на систематичних оглядах та клінічних випробуваннях з фізичної терапії. У науковому світі такий підхід відомий як науково-доказова практика. Величезний потік інформації в галузі реабілітації при порушеннями діяльності опорно-рухового апарату впродовж останніх десятиліть збільшився в десятки разів з тисячами нових статей, які публікують щорічно. Однак фахівцям з реабілітації розібрати цей об’єм інформації надзвичайно складно. Тому необхідно проаналізувати світовий досвід науково-доказової практики у фізичній терапії.
Висновки. Для досягнення максимально ефективного результату в процесі фізичної реабілітації важливо використовувати клінічні рішення щодо стратегії і тактики втручання на основі доказової медицини. Застосування методик фізичної реабілітації, які, згідно з оглядом доказової медицини, вважають ефективними для відновлення і корекції, допоможе покращити якість життя осіб з обмеженими руховими можливостями, оптимізувати програму фізичної терапії та скоротити термін реабілітаційного супроводу.
ОБ’ЄКТИВНИЙ СТРУКТУРОВАНИЙ КЛІНІЧНИЙ ІСПИТ ЯК ІНДИКАТОР ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Корда М. M. , Шульгай А. Г. , Машталір А. І. , Радчук В. Б.
Published: August 2024

У статті розглянуто використання об’єктивного структурованого клінічного іспиту (далі – ОСКІ) як важливого індикатора практичної підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти в Тернопільському національному медичному університеті імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України.
Висвітлено особливості проведення даного іспиту на різних курсах, спеціальностях та згідно із різними освітніми програмами, за якими здійснюється підготовка майбутніх фахівців. ОСКІ в даному контексті розглядається як допуск до семестрового підсумкового контролю, як форма підсумкового контролю під час захисту практик, а також як один з елементів атестації здобувачів вищої освіти. Проаналізовані форми контролю, складовим елементом яких є ОСКІ, дозволяють повною мірою забезпечити контроль практичної підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти відповідно до освітньої програми та стандартів підготовки. На підставі аналізу даних зроблені відповідні висновки щодо раціональності використання такого методу контролю практичної підготовки.
Широке впровадження ОСКІ в освітній процес дозволить забезпечити якісний контроль результатів навчання та практичної підготовки.
Phytoseius Ribaga (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in the Brazilian Espinhaço Range: seven new species, renaming of the plumifer species group, and a critical review of its taxonomic characters
Authors: FERRAGUT FRANCISCO , NAVIA DENISE
Published: August 2024

The mountainous regions in eastern Brazil are home to an astonishing variety of Phytoseius (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) species, 11 of which were collected in surveys conducted between 2010–2012. Our study revealed a great diversity in the plumifer species-group, in which we describe seven new taxa, P. maspretiosus sp. nov., P. multilunatus sp. nov., P. trisetatus sp. nov., P. itobira sp. nov., P. dasalmas sp. nov., P. bahiensis sp. nov., and P. paucipapillatus sp. nov.. This enabled us to compare close species in this group determining valid diagnostic characters, providing a critical review of the prevailing taxonomic traits and revealing unexpected patterns in important diagnostic features based on our observations and the literature. Moreover, we claim the taxonomic importance of two morphological traits usually mentioned in previous studies, but never exploited to their full potential: the female pattern of dorsal ornamentation and the shape of the male spermatodactyl. Aware of the incongruity that the exemplar species of the plumifer group, P. plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago), belongs to the horridus species group, we propose that the group be renamed as mexicanus-species group. A key to the Brazilian species of Phytoseius is included.
New species, locality records and calling songs of crickets of the subfamily Phaloriinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Malaysia
Authors: TAN MING KAI , MUHAMMAD AMIRA AQILAH , ABDULLAH NURUL ASHIKIN , JAPIR RAZY , CHUNG ARTHUR Y.C. , ROBILLARD TONY
Published: August 2024

Specimens representing three genera of Phaloriinae—Borneloria Gorochov, 2018, Phaloria (Papuloria) Gorochov, 1996 and Trellius (Zatrellius) Gorochov, 1999—were collected from Peninsular and East Malaysia and examined here. We report a new locality record for Borneloria moorei (Chopard, 1940) in Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, the first record of this genus in Malay Peninsula. From Sandakan, East Malaysia, we discovered a new species of Trellius (Zatrellius) and describe here: Trellius (Zatrellius) puntung sp. nov. We also recorded the previously unknown calling songs of Phaloria (Papuloria) tristis Gorochov, 2014 and Trellius (Zatrellius) puntung sp. nov. and describe them here.
A New Species of Hemicotelles (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from Peru
Authors: APAZA L. VANESSA ANAYA , MALDONADO JAVIER HUANCA , PACKER LAURENCE
Published: August 2024

We diagnose, describe and illustrate Hemicotelles misti Anaya, Huanca and Packer n. sp., from the slopes of the Misti Volcano in Arequipa Province, Peru. The new species represents a range extension of 1500 km from the nearest confirmed locality for the genus, in Central Chile. We provide a fully illustrated key for the identification of the three species in the genus and add the species to an earlier phylogeny for Colletinae.
Three new species of wood-boring bivalves (Mollusca: Xylophagaidae) from the deep Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: VOIGHT JANET R.
Published: August 2024

Ruth Turner’s studies of xylophagaids, wood-boring bivalves, documented the very existence of wood-borers in the deep sea and made the northwestern Atlantic fauna among the best known. However, her work focused on specimens from less than 2000 m depth. Here study of specimens from depths over 2000 m deposited in the Smithsonian collections extends our knowledge of this fauna. Despite the lack of molecular data, three species, Xylophaga microdactylus n. sp., Xylophaga platyplax n. sp. and Xylophaga lambula n. sp. are described; only X. lambula n. sp. pertains to Xylophaga s.s. Turton. Additional records of the known species, Xyloredo nooi Turner, Xylonora atlantica (Richards), Abditoconus cf. anselli (Harvey), Xylophaga clenchi Turner & Culliney, Feaya dostwous (Voight), and Xylopholas cf. altenai Turner are provided, with some supplemental information on morphological characters. The presence of Xylophaga microdactylus n. sp., which is remarkably similar to X. microchira Voight, suggests a close relationship between the xylophagaids of the deep northwestern Atlantic and northeastern Pacific. The depth distributions of northwest Atlantic species are detailed with supplemental data from the literature to explore potential patterns of distribution.
COVID-19 Related Tracheal Stenosis Requiring Tracheal Resection: A Case Series
Authors: Yousef Andrew , Solomon Isaac , Cheng George , Makani Samir , Boys Joshua , Weissbrod Philip A.
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To characterize the preoperative and intraoperative findings of symptomatic tracheal stenosis associated with COVID-19 related respiratory failure requiring tracheal resection.

Method:

We performed a retrospective review identifying all patients with a history of tracheal stenosis secondary to COVID-19 related respiratory failure who subsequently received a tracheal resection at our institution between January 2020 and June 2023. Clinical, radiological, pathological, and surgical characteristics were recorded to describe and characterize pre-operative and intraoperative findings associated with tracheal stenosis in the setting of a previous COVID-19 infection.

Results:

We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients with COVID-19 related tracheal stenosis that required open tracheal or cricotracheal resection. The mean age was 54.1. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 49.5 days related to COVID-19 complications. Tracheotomy was completed in 10 patients (90.9%) during their initial hospitalization with COVID-19 related respiratory failure. Patients were intubated a mean of 18.6 days prior to tracheotomy completion. Ten patients (90.9%) underwent endoscopic operative interventions for their tracheal stenosis prior to open resection. Intraoperatively, the mean stenosis length was 3.33 cm. The mean tracheal resection length was 3.96 cm. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 8.27 days post operatively with no significant post operative complications.

Conclusions:

Symptomatic tracheal stenosis in the setting of prolonged intubation due to COVID-19 is an under-described etiology. This is one of the largest single institution retrospective reviews that identifies 11 patients with prolonged intubation who developed symptomatic tracheal stenosis refractory to conservative management and ultimately requiring tracheal resection.
Segregation in Hyderabad: Introspecting Multiple Indexes and Multiple Patterns
Authors: Satpathy Suchismita , Jha Rohit
Published: August 2024

Segregation based on caste, religion, and ethnicity exists primarily in the urban housing market in India even in cosmopolitan urban centres like Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Kolkata, and Hyderabad. The present study maps segregation in Hyderabad and explores its intricate linkages with access to public amenities. This study examines caste-based segregation in urban space using multiple indexes like dissimilarity index (DI), isolation index, interaction index, correlation analysis, and mandal development index (MDI). It is observed that there is no clear link between caste-based DI and MDI. The correlation of MDI and caste-based DI illustrates that it is the location (core or periphery) that decides the level of infrastructural development. This investigation of the link between residential segregation measurement of DI and MDI leads us to conclude that the historical factors are equally crucial along with the social identities to explain urban segregation and discrimination.
Fully distributed adaptive consensus tracking for uncertain multi-agent systems
Authors: Gu Chan , Ma Ying , He Zhou
Published: August 2024

This work discusses the adaptive consensus tracking for first-order and second-order uncertain multi-agent systems (UMASs). The systems allow multiple uncertainties, including unknown control directions, parameterized unknown nonlinearities, and unknown external disturbances. To compensate for these uncertainties, two novel distributed adaptive control protocols with the dynamic compensation based on Nussbaum-type gain are proposed for first-order and second-order UMASs, respectively. Remarkably, the control protocol is devised in a fully distributed fashion, which is not dependent on the global information of communication graph. Then, under undirected connected graph, it is proved that the proposed control protocol can guarantee the boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system and the achievement of the consensus tracking (CT). Finally, the theoretical results are validated by two simulation examples.
Into the Customers’ Shoes: Multimodal practices for customer-centric strategizing
Authors: Daymond Jarryd , Meisiek Stefan , Knight Eric
Published: August 2024

This study explores customer-centric strategizing at a digital bank utilizing a 34-month visual ethnography. We adopt a multimodal perspective to reveal three practices that presentify and thus ‘bring’ the customer into strategizing – inquiring, perspective-taking and appreciating. These practices enable strategists to understand customer contexts, empathize with their experiences and value their strategizing contributions over time. Our findings advance research on strategy-as-practice and highlight the role of external stakeholders in the strategy process. Specifically, we demonstrate how multimodal practices shape strategy by enabling managers to presentify customers through empathetic competence. By doing so, we illuminate the diverse skills needed to effectively orchestrate multimodal resources in a way that empathetically connects with customers and informs strategizing.
City Branding to Solve Social Problems? – The Eigendynamik of management concepts
Authors: Rennstam Jens , Bertilsson Jon , Sullivan Katie R.
Published: August 2024

It is well known that management concepts tend to spread from corporate to public organizations. Branding is an example of such a concept, with suggestions that it can address not only economic but also social issues, often referred to as “inclusive branding.” This ethnographic study explores how branding is received and spreads in a Swedish city, and analyzes efforts to use branding to tackle inequality and segregation. Our findings reveal that the initial focus on social problems was glossed over in favor of following corporate branding ideals, but also that city communicators expressed critique, confusion, and doubt regarding the relevance of branding to their work. Surprisingly, this did not slow down but rather energized the branding process. Through an interactionist analysis, we suggest that rather than addressing social problems, branding in cities may give rise to an Eigendynamik, signifying a self-energizing inner dynamic fueled by a tension between “frames,” specifically between the branding frame and the civic frame of the city. This theorization lays the groundwork for contributions to the understanding of inclusive branding: it can start with good intentions to address civic issues but may get swept up in corporate branding concepts and activities that are ill equipped to deal with social issues. More generally, complementing established notions of translation and colonization, our study provides a novel understanding of how management concepts migrate from corporate to public organizations through what we call frame-induced Eigendynamik. Overall, we contribute by shedding light on the role of self-energizing processes as reasons why organizational members engage with management concepts even when they struggle to see their relevance to their work.
Evaluating parent and public involvement activities within a paediatric palliative care research centre: Route map to impactful and meaningful engagement
Authors: Barrett Laura , Hackett Julia , Taylor Jo , Papworth Andrew , Walker Gabriella , Fraser Lorna
Published: August 2024

Background:

Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) is an important component of healthcare research. Conducting PPI within paediatric palliative care research requires specific ethical and practical considerations. Regular reviews of PPI activity are important.

Aim:

To evaluate a paediatric palliative care research centre’s PPI activity to determine what went well, or less well; and how future activities can be improved.

Design:

Two stage evaluation: first a review of PPI study logs; second a qualitative exploration using a survey, structured interviews and a focus group. Data were analysed thematically.

Settings/participants:

Parents of children with life-limiting conditions, bereaved parents and researchers, all engaged in PPI activity within a paediatric palliative care research centre.

Findings:

The review of PPI logs for 15 studies highlighted the crucial role of funding in enabling PPI throughout the research. Eight parents completed the survey, 4 parents were interviewed and 12 researchers participated in a focus group. Three themes were developed: Clarity of processes and purpose; balanced relationships created a safe space; and mutual respect and value for PPI. These themes highlight what is working well within the Centre’s approach to PPI and the opportunities to improve.

Conclusions:

To undertake meaningful PPI in paediatric palliative care research, adequate time and resources are required. Roles, processes and expectations must be explicitly agreed. Establishing relationships ensures trust and enables authenticity and vulnerability. In addition to improving research, PPI has personal benefits for researchers and parents. The evaluation led to the development of a ‘route map’ for establishing an impactful PPI group for paediatric palliative care research.
Four Temporalities: Toward a Typology of Narrative Forms
Authors: Newman Simeon J.
Published: August 2024

I outline four temporalities that appear in highly regarded explanatory historical social science. Given William Sewell’s centrality to the literature, I do so through a critique of his proposition that there are “three temporalities”—experimental time, teleology, and eventfulness—and that only the last of them is valid. I concede that his rejection of “experimental” time is justified. But I argue that the category of “teleology,” which Sewell rejects, encompasses two forms of transitional change—“tendencies” and “thresholds”—that are coherent and defensible. I further argue that his preferred category of “eventfulness” really refers to two distinct temporalities—“coincidences” and “contrivances”—rather than just one. I illustrate tendencies, thresholds, coincidences, and contrivances in the works of John Veugelers, Ivan Ermakoff, Marshall Sahlins, and, of course, Sewell.
Factors that Affect Pilot Response Times to Alerts: Findings From a Literature Review and Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) Reports
Authors: Fercho Kelene A. , Beringer Dennis B. , Donovan Colleen
Published: August 2024

Factors affecting the time it takes a human to respond to an alert may include alerting system design, operator characteristics such as age or experience, or the operating environment. Using the aviation domain as one example, this variety of factors makes it difficult to specify what “acceptable” pilot response times are, as one cannot assign a value that will be consistent across systems, people, and situations. Further, characteristics of the pilot population, operations, and flight deck technologies change over time, so that average pilot response times derived in the past may not represent accurately expected response times for pilots flying modern aircraft. This paper compiles the findings from both a literature review and a survey of NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports, documenting that the confluence of factors affecting pilot responses to alerts results in response times that are often longer and more variable than might otherwise be expected.
Predicting Perceived Back Fatigue During Exoskeleton Supported Trunk Bending Tasks using Machine Learning
Authors: Kuber Pranav Madhav , Kulkarni Abhineet Rajendra , Rashedi Ehsan
Published: August 2024

Repetitive trunk flexion tasks performed over long durations can increase low-back injury risk, where Back Support Industrial Exoskeletons (BSIEs) can be beneficial. While BSIEs have shown effectiveness in lab assessments, real-world outcomes have shown variation based on task complexity, necessitating monitoring of physical demands. Fourteen participants performed repetitive trunk BSIE-assisted forward bending and return, without fatigue and then at medium-high fatigue. We recorded muscle activity in low-back and thigh muscles using Electromyography (EMG) and whole-body stability using force plates. Classification algorithms, namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB) were utilized to predict perceived medium-high back fatigue using sensor data. Highest performance was observed with XGB algorithm using data from a single low-back EMG sensor (Accuracy: 86.1%, Recall: 86%), and force plate (93.5, 94.1%). Outcomes of our study can be helpful in developing novel fatigue detection products, benefiting ergonomists in properly implementing BSIEs in industrial scenarios.
Alternative Emergency Vehicle Lighting Affects Traffic Behaviors
Authors: Weibull Kajsa , Lidestam Björn , Holm Johanna , Prytz Erik
Published: August 2024

Emergency vehicle lightings (EVL) mitigate the risk of collision and make drivers move over. The present paper explored how new alternative EVL designs can improve driver behavior in different emergency vehicle interaction scenarios. From workshops with 14 emergency responders, three scenarios (Emergency driving, Police pull-over, Emergency vehicle alongside the road) and 19 EVL blink patterns were chosen. These alternative EVLs were presented in an online survey with 2627 Swedish respondents. Alternative EVL affected reported driving behavior. Drivers reported being most certain of what is expected from them in the emergency-driving scenario. It is important to ensure that the EVL is easy to interpret in more unfamiliar emergency-vehicle interactions such as police pull-over. Only a third of drivers had seen the pull-over EVL currently used in Sweden. The current pull-over EVL in combination with a stop sign increased the chance of drivers reporting that they would pull over.
A Pilot Study Evaluation of a Passive Shoulder Exoskeleton for a Drilling-fastening Task
Authors: Tang Jianyang , Kong Dongjoon , Stirling Leia
Published: August 2024

Exoskeletons have been considered as a method to mitigate Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) in industry. However, it is still unclear how they affect work performance and processes that have accuracy and precision requirements (e.g., drilling, riveting, welding). In this study, the effect of a passive shoulder exoskeleton on a drilling-fastening task performance (the flushness and tilt angle of the fastener) and user perceptions (discomfort, fatigue, and workload) was examined. Participants ( n = 13) performed a drilling-fastening task with the exoskeleton present and absent. Results support that the exoskeleton did not influence the quality of the drilling task, perceived fatigue, or perceived workload. There were mixed results on perceived discomfort, with participants feeling less discomfort, similar discomfort, and greater discomfort based on the body location. This study provides added context for industry decision-making on using passive shoulder-support exoskeletons as a method to mitigate WMSDs.
The Influence of Operator Trust on Human-Robot Interaction Within Teams
Authors: Segars Heidi , McLaughlin Anne Collins , Rovira Ericka , Mohammed Susan
Published: August 2024

Utilizing advanced machinery in team environments often necessitates reliance on a leader, or “operator,” who is in charge of interfacing with technology directly on the team’s behalf. This is particularly evident in modern military missions, where teams depend on operators of robotic machinery to safely navigate dangerous tasks or hazardous terrain. The present work is part of a larger study on integrating a semi-autonomous quadruped robot into military training exercises. This analysis focused on how trust in an operator controlling Spot influenced different aspects of human-robot interaction (HRI) among the team. Operator trust was found to be positively correlated with positive perceptions of the robot, trust in and reliance on the robot, and willingness to use the robot for future exercises. Improving operator trust, thereby shifting the focus to human-human interaction, may prove an effective avenue for bolstering confidence in robotic systems.
Participant Compliance When Wearing a Sleep-tracking Ring for Extended Time Periods: Preliminary Results
Authors: Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita Lewis , McClernon Christopher K.
Published: August 2024

The widespread use of wearable technologies in research settings has made it easier to assess health-related indices. However, information is limited regarding participant compliance when using these wearable technologies in military settings. This study assessed participant compliance when wearing Ōura rings for periods of up to 210 days (182 participants, four military commands). In our results, compliance followed a power decay function with substantive differences across commands and across both demographic and occupational factors. Overall compliance was approximately 40% after 80 days of wearing the device, ~30% after 125 days, and ~20% after 210 days. Higher ranking individuals had better compliance compared to subordinate military members. This difference increased consistently for the first 2 months of wearing the device, reaching 20% to 50% depending on the command. Personnel seniority and in-person interaction with researchers are important factors that should be taken into consideration when conducting longitudinal studies in military environments.
The Transferability of Pilots’ Video Gaming Experience to the Skills and Situation Awareness of Operating UAVs
Authors: Potdar Rochelle , Dattel Andrew R.
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, are increasingly used in various industries. However, this increased automation can lead to reduced safety, decreasing situational awareness (SA). Industry experts have investigated operator accuracy, attentiveness, and selection methods by testing transferable skills between pilots with different video gaming (VG) habits and flying a drone. To contribute to this research further, we investigated pilots’ VG playing habits on SA while flying a UAV and their ability to learn and perform in a novel scenario. SA of non-VG playing pilots and VG playing pilots while operating a drone using a simulator was compared. VG playing pilots ( n = 31), compared to non-VG playing pilots ( n = 31) were quicker to adapt and learn in a novel environment and exhibited significantly better SA while flying a drone. These findings may be useful to identify individuals who are predisposed to better SA, thus improving selection and training.
Employing a Computational Model to Reveal Stimulus-Driven Influences in Interfaces
Authors: Still Jeremiah D. , Still Mary L.
Published: August 2024

It is challenging to design complex interfaces that support efficient visual searches. It requires understanding how numerous sources of information contribute to attentional selection, along with an understanding of the tools and tasks used to study visual search. This work is intended to examine visual salience, a pre-attentive process often overlooked in traditional design approaches. Although the importance of visual salience in task-driven searches has been debated, recent evidence suggests this stimulus-driven property contributes to the guidance of attention. Computational modeling has proven effective in predicting the influence of salience (e.g., N-SEEV and Attentional Priority models). With advances in this area of research, continuing examination of the applications and limitations of computational salience models is warranted. Therefore, the present work also examines the predictive power of computational models in displays like web pages and mobile interfaces. Emphasis is placed on the role salience should play in optimizing interface search efficiency.
Biomechanical Assessment of Exoskeleton Intervention for Injured and Recovering Workers: A Simulation Study of Bending Tasks
Authors: Egeonu Darlington , Jia Bochen , Omidokun Jesudara , Yang Liang
Published: August 2024

Exoskeletons, wearable devices designed to enhance physical activity, show promise in mitigating work-related musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. This study examines exoskeleton efficacy as ergonomic intervention for aiding injured workers with limited trunk mobility in returning to work. Six adult males participated in simulated bending tasks using a trunk mobility restrictor and a passive trunk exoskeleton. Lumbosacral joint loads and moments during bending tasks with and without the exoskeleton were biomechanically assessed using optical motion capture and ground reaction force data as model inputs. Results indicate significant reductions in compressive loads and subject moments at the lumbosacral joint with exoskeleton usage, particularly during full bending. Moreover, the exoskeleton’s supportive impact increases with greater trunk flexion angles. These findings underscore exoskeleton potential in facilitating the return to work for individuals with limited trunk mobility, emphasizing the need for further empirical validation in real-world settings.
Comparing the Effectiveness and Applicability of Two Intraoperative Break Scheduling Strategies Using OR-Stretch Web-App
Authors: Norasi Hamid , Zoaktafi Mojgan , Kim Joseph , Wang Tianke , Tetteh Emmanuel , Hallbeck M. Susan
Published: August 2024

This study provided additional evidence to support the OR-Stretch Web- App as a potential ergonomic intervention in the operating room. Overall, the ORStretch Web-App was beneficial to surgeons’ physical performance, mental focus, and discomfort. However, improving the Web-App to be user-friendly, and developing strategies to align the microbreaks with appropriate time spots during surgeries to not interrupt surgical workflow are among the key factors that need attention. Additionally, no significant differences in the surgeons’ subjective evaluation of the Break-30 and Break-60 scheduling strategies were found. However, the data and surgeons’ feedback implied that taking microbreaks every 30 min (Break-30 condition) may not be ideal, especially during long or complicated surgical procedures.
Cognitive Systems Engineering Issues in the Design of Machine Learning Systems
Authors: Smith Philip J. , Endsley Mica , Lee John D. , Lyons Joseph , Roth Emilie M. , Krening Sam
Published: August 2024

The objective of this panel is to better understand how machine learning (ML) systems influence users and to identify strategies to make such interactions more effective when designing decision support systems and joint cognitive systems for real-time control. The panelists will draw upon their insights from the fields of aviation, defense, ground transportation and medicine, as well as the literature on human-automation and human-AI interaction. The panelists will discuss findings regarding both the positive and negative influences that the design of such systems can have on perceptual, cognitive and decision making processes. They will further provide concrete examples of system designs. Topics for discussion will include: (a) The Ironies of AI Based on Machine Learning: Challenges and New Directions, (b) Understanding the Influences of ML on Joint Cognitive Performance, (c) Mixed Initiative Access to Information, (d) Focusing and Accelerating Decision Making, and (e) Designing the Operational Domain.
Occipital Multiscale Entropy as a Generalized Marker of Differential Task Performance
Authors: Rhodes L. Jack , Borghetti Lorraine , Morris Megan B.
Published: August 2024

The identification of a single neuroelectrophysiological measure of differential performance across time in a fatigued state remains elusive, especially where a single marker would need to be reliable and generalizable across a variety of tasks with varying demands (e.g., perceptual, cognitive). Here, we propose assays of occipital multiscale entropy (MSE) as one such putative marker. Toward this end, we aimed to determine if differential patterns of occipital MSE between good and poor performers generalized across fatiguing perceptual (a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance test) and cognitive (“Greebles” task, involving classification and decision-making) tasks, finding significant MSE differences across good and poor performers in these disparate tasks at multiple MSE timescales. Based on this converging evidence, we frame occipital MSE as a potential fatigue marker that is generalizable across task type.
Emotional Ability and Its Connection with Academic Performance: An Exploratory Study on HBCU Students Post-COVID
Authors: Kim Hyung Nam
Published: August 2024

This study examines empathy in Black/African American undergraduate students at a Historically Black College (HBCU) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior research suggests empathy benefits communication, emotional well-being, and academic performance. However, less is known about student empathy, particularly among Black students at HBCUs. We surveyed 63 students to assess empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results showed variations in empathy dimensions, with empathic concern and personal distress negatively correlating with academic performance. These findings require further investigation with a larger sample size. The study contributes to understanding empathy’s role in academic success for Black/African American students at HBCUs.
Modeling Multidimensionality in Hospitality and Tourism Research: Exploratory Higher-Order Factor Analysis
Authors: Njeri Millicent , Line Nathaniel D. , Hanks Lydia
Published: August 2024

The hospitality and tourism discipline has been criticized for often taking a lackadaisical approach to the modeling of latent phenomena. Research on scale development has been found to lack transparency and/or to omit important methodological steps, thus calling into question the validity and reliability of the existing scales. To address these issues, there is a need for more research that emphasizes measurement issues and provides methodological guidance to hospitality scholars interested in scale development. Given the multidimensional nature of most phenomena and the complexity of human behavior, this study seeks to provide researchers, within and outside the field, with a guide to exploratory higher-order factor analyses. An empirical example of the recommended practices is provided using data collected from a sample of destination marketing organization (DMO) executives.