bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of α‐Nitroesters
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Schultz Johnathan E. , Bai Yu
Published: June 2019

We describe the development of a Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of α‐nitro allyl esters to afford acyclic tetrasubstituted nitroalkanes. Optimization of the reaction parameters revealed unique ligand and solvent combinations crucial for achieving chemo‐ and enantioselective C‐alkylation of electronically challenging benzylic nitronates and sterically encumbered 2‐allyl esters. Substrates were efficiently accessed in a combinatorial fashion by a cross‐Claisen/ α‐arylation sequence. The method provides functional group orthogonality that complements nucleophilic imine allylation strategies for α‐tertiary amine synthesis.
Engineering Donor–Acceptor Heterostructure Metal–Organic Framework Crystals for Photonic Logic Computation
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Ting , Wang Kang , Chang Ze , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Xu Jialiang , Zhao Yong Sheng , Bu Xian‐He
Published: June 2019

Photonic materials use photons as information carriers and offer the potential for unprecedented applications in optical and optoelectronic devices. In this study, we introduce a new strategy for photonic materials using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the host for the rational construction of donor–acceptor (D–A) heterostructure crystals. We have engineered a rich library of heterostructure crystals using the MOF NKU‐111 as a host. NKU‐111 is based upon an electron‐deficient tridentate ligand (acceptor) that can bind to various electron‐rich guests (donors). The resulting heterocrystals exhibit spatially segregated multi‐color emission resulting from the guest‐dependent charge‐transfer (CT) emission. Spatially effective mono‐directional energy transfer results from tuning the energy gradient between adjacent domains through the selection of donor guest molecules, which suggests potential applications in integrated optical circuit devices, for example, photonic diodes, on‐chip signal processing, optical logic gates.
Stereospecific 1,4‐Metallate Shift Enables Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Ketoximes
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Feng , Fang Tongchang , Zhang Guan , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2019

Reported herein is a stereospecific 1,4‐metallate rearrangement for single‐geometry ketoxime synthesis from oxime chlorides and arylboronic acids. This strategy exhibits broad substrate scope with excellent stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. In comparison with the conventional approaches, each configuration of unsymmetric diaryl oximes, as well as the thermodynamically less stable Z isomer of aryl alkyl ketoximes can be selectively and exclusively obtained. The reactivities of unsymmetric diaryl oximes and the Z isomer of aryl alkyl oximes, a class of underexplored molecules, enables efficient access to the corresponding isoquinolines, isoquinoline N‐oxides, and amides having a single configuration.
Recycling of crosslinked high‐density polyethylene through compression molding
Authors: dos Santos Jardel Nobrega , Jayaraman Raghavan
Published: June 2019

Crosslinkable high‐density polyethylene (XHDPE) is used to manufacture large and rigid products such as fuel tanks using rotomolding. Currently, defective and postconsumer parts are not recycled and sent to landfills. Hence, recycling of this material through compression molding is the objective of this study. Thermal analysis revealed that the extent of crosslinking varied across the thickness of the rotomolded part due to the role played by oxygen in air. Despite the crosslinking, the recycled XHDPE (RXHDPE) could be remelted with higher viscosity than the virgin XHDPE (VXHDPE). Consolidation studies indicated that both the RXHDPE and the VXHDPE could be compression molded to a density of 0.952 g cm−3. However, higher consolidation stress is required for the RXHDPE when compared to the VXHDPE to realize the same density. The RXHDPE, compression molded at 1.6 MPa and 230 °C, had properties similar to those of the VXHDPE molded at 0.32 MPa. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48145.
Fabrication and properties of elastic fibers from electrospinning natural rubber
Authors: Li Yongzhen , Wang Xungai , Peng Zheng , Li Puwang , Li Chengpeng , Kong Lingxue
Published: June 2019

Electrospinning natural rubber (NR) to get elastic nano‐/microfibers has attracted much attention. Suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) was selected by considering solubility, toxicity, and electrospinning results. Dynamic light scattering testing was used to measure the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the solutions with different solvents and the critical concentrations (C*) of NR/THF solution. For NR solutions with the same concentration from different solvents, the larger Dh the solution, the larger the electrospun fiber diameter. Stable electrospinning concentration window ranging from 25 to 50 g/L, which corresponds to 38 > [ŋ]C > 19, was identified. Mechanical properties of both electrospun NR fiber mats and single fibers were estimated from tensile testing. Fibrous mats with excellent elasticity at about 439 to 505% elongation were demonstrated; however, the elongation rate of single fibers was 44%. Electrospun fiber mats with high elasticity of NR materials can be potentially used in soft tissue engineering and strain sensor areas. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48153.
Fine‐tuning of phase behavior of oxazoline copolymer‐based organic–inorganic hybrids as solid‐supported sol–gel materials
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Kataoka Tomoharu , Watanabe Masao , Ishikiriyama Mamoru , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: June 2019

Silica‐supported organic–inorganic polymer hybrids were synthesized via in situ sol–gel condensation of silica monomer in the presence of oxazoline copolymer. A stable copolymer of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxaoline and 2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline was prepared using methyl p‐tosylate as the living polymerization initiator with molecular mass of 4200 g mol−1. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of this copolymer was thermally found to be at 77 °C. The copolymer was mixed with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in different amounts (0.039:1 to 0.158:1 weight ratios) via in situ sol–gel condensation to produce organic–inorganic hybrids including thermosensitive copolymer. Tuning of these solid‐supported materials showed sharp phase transitions changes in a temperature range from 42 to 58 °C, which was confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry. Enthalpy of the phase transition was also calculated using the area above the endothermic peak. A typical concave curve was obtained for LCST‐type phase diagram suggesting the dependence of phase transition temperature on the concentration of the copolymer in the hybrid. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48163.
Cost‐effective synthesis of polyricinoleate: Investigation of coating characteristics,in vitrodegradation, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Tonta Magdalena Maria , Aydemir Sezer Umran , Olmez Hulya , Gurek Ayse Gul , Sezer Serdar
Published: June 2019

Ricinoleic acid (RA) is a component of various bio‐based copolymers. However, high‐molecular weight polyricinoleate homopolymers are not widely investigated due to high cost of commercial monomer and catalysts. In this work, we present low‐cost approach for the synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight polyricinoleate by preparing large amount of pure monomer and use of lipozyme TL IM as catalyst. First, polymerization conditions were optimized and comparative studies of medium‐molecular‐weight polyricinoleate (PRA‐M) of Mw= 30 000 gmol−1and high‐molecular‐weight polyricinoleate (PRA‐H) of Mw= 72 000 gmol−1were conducted. Polyricinoleates were characterized by common spectroscopic, chromatographic, and thermal methods. Solvent casting of polyricinoleates resulted in thin and continuous coating with perfectly smooth surface under SEM observation. AFM analysis of PRA films showed that surface roughness decreased with increasing molecular weight of polyricinoleate (roughness PRA‐M = 68.39 nm and PRA‐H = 57.36 nm). Degradation studies under in vitro conditions showed that both PRA‐M and PRA‐H showed good stability with only ~2% of mass loss after 6 months, possibly due to its hydrophobic nature and relatively high‐molecular weight. In contrast to RA, PRA‐M and PRA‐H do not have significant antibacterial effect onStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48172.
Antibacterial films with enhanced physical properties based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and halogen aminated‐graphene oxide
Authors: Pan Nengyu , Li Zhiguang , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi
Published: June 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as great nanofiller have been utilized for the enhancement of a polymer matrix. In this work, polymeric N‐halamine poly[5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(3′‐triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) was covalently grafted onto GO, which was denoted as GO‐PSPH. The chlorinated GO‐PSPH (GP‐Cl) was then mixed with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution to obtain the PVA/GP‐Cl hybrid films. The as‐prepared hybrid films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra. Compared with PVA film, the addition of GP‐Cl into PVA matrix endowed the film with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, and the crystallinity, tensile strength, and Young's modulus increased by 45, 21, and 246%, respectively. It can be deduced that the interfacial interaction between PVA matrix and GP‐Cl nanosheets was the crucial factor for the physical enhancement. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between GO and polymeric N‐halamine greatly improved the antibacterial activities of the hybrid films with 3.95 logs reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and 4.53 logs reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with 30 min of contact time, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48176.
Optimizing the Performance of Chromatographic Separations Using Microfluidics: Multiplexed and Quantitative Screening of Ligands and Target Molecules
Authors: Pinto Inês F. , Soares Ruben R. G. , Aires‐Barros Maria R. , Chu Virginia , Conde João P. , Azevedo Ana M.
Published: June 2019

The optimization of chromatography ligands for the purification of biopharmaceuticals is highly demanded to meet the needs of the pharmaceutical industry. In the case of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), synthetic ligands comprising multiple types of interactions (multimodal) provide process and economic advantages compared to protein‐based affinity ligands. However, optimizing the operation window of these ligands requires the development of effective high‐throughput screening platforms. Here, a novel microfluidics‐based methodology to perform rapid and multiplexed screening of various multimodal ligands relative to their ability to bind different target molecules is demonstrated. The microfluidic structure comprises three individual chambers (≈8 nL each) packed with different types of chromatography beads in series with the feed flow. An artificial mixture composed of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and bovine serum albumin, labeled with different thiol‐reactive neutral fluorescent dyes, is used as a model to quantitatively optimize the performance (yield and purity) of the separation. This approach can potentially be used as a predictive analytical tool in the context of mAb purification, allowing low consumption of molecules and providing results in <3 min. Furthermore, this versatile approach can potentially be extended not only with respect to the number of different resins and target molecules, but also for parallel analysis of multiple conditions.
Design of a microaerobically inducible replicon for high‐yield plasmid DNA production
Authors: Jaén Karim E. , Velázquez Daniela , Sigala Juan‐Carlos , Lara Alvaro R.
Published: June 2019

A pUC‐derived replicon inducible by oxygen limitation was designed and tested in fed‐batch cultures of Escherichia coli. It included the addition of a second inducible copy of rnaII, the positive replication control element. The rnaII gene was expressed from Ptrc and cloned into pUC18 to test the hypothesis that the ratio of the positive control molecule RNAII to the negative control element, RNAI, was the determinant of plasmid copy number per chromosome (PCN). The construct was evaluated in several E. coli strains. Evaluations of the RNAII/RNAI ratio, PCN and plasmid yield normalized to biomass (YpDNA/X) were performed and the initial hypothesis was probed. Furthermore, in high cell‐density cultures in shake flasks, an outstanding amount of 126 mg/L of plasmid was produced. The microaerobically inducible plasmid was obtained by cloning the rnaII gene under the control of the oxygen‐responsive Vitreoscilla stercoraria hemoglobin promoter. For this plasmid, but not for pUC18, the RNAII/RNAI ratio, PCN and YpDNA/X efficiently increased after the shift to the microaerobic regime in fed‐batch cultures in a 1 L bioreactor. The YpDNA/X of the inducible plasmid reached 12 mg/g at the end of the fed‐batch but the original pUC18 only reached ca. 6 mg/g. The proposed plasmid is a valuable alternative for the operation and scale‐up of plasmid DNA production processes in which mass transfer limitations will not represent an issue.
Intensity‐Modulated Proton and Carbon‐Ion Radiation Therapy in the Management of Head and Neck Sarcomas
Authors: Yang Jing , Gao Jing , Qiu Xianxin , Hu Jiyi , Hu Weixu , Wu Xiaodong , Zhang Chenping , Ji Tong , Kong Lin , Lu Jiade J.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

We report our experience of intensity‐modulated proton and carbon‐ion radiotherapy (IMPT/IMCT) for head and neck sarcomas (HNS).

Methods and Materials

An analysis of the ongoing prospective data registry from the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC) for patients with HNS was conducted. The 12‐ and 24‐month rates of local recurrence‐free, overall, distant metastasis‐free, progression‐free survival (LRFS, OS, DMFS, and PFS), and acute/late toxicities were calculated. The prognostic factors for the effectiveness of the treatment were also analyzed.

Results

Between 7/2014 and 5/2018, 51 consecutive patients with HNS received definitive doses of IMCT (41 cases), IMPT (two cases), or their combination (eight cases). One patient had R0 resection and another treated on the Chinese Food and Drug Administration registration trial received IMPT only. Twenty‐seven patients were treated according to various dose escalation trials or institutional protocols using IMCT or IMPT + IMCT boost. Twenty‐two patients with locoregional recurrence (10 and four patients failed surgery or surgery followed by radiotherapy, respectively) or radiation‐induced second primary sarcomas (eight patients) received salvage particle radiotherapy. With a median follow‐up time of 15.7 months, four patients with second primary sarcoma died. The 1‐ and 2‐year OS, PFS, LRFS, and DMFS rates for the entire cohort were 92.9% vs 90%, 73.6% vs 57.4%, 88.4% vs 78.9%, and 84.6% vs 76.5%, respectively. Those rates for patients without prior radiotherapy were 100% vs 100%, 82.1% vs 65.8%, 93.6% vs 85.3%, and 88.4% vs 79.5%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that re‐irradiation was an independent prognostic factor for both LRFS and PFS (P = 0.015 and 0.037, respectively). In addition, gross tumor volume (GTV) was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.048). One patient experienced Grade 3 acute toxicity (oral mucositis); another experienced Grade 4 acute event (hemorrhage) which required embolization. He lately died from hemorrhage (Grade 5) at 3.4 months after the completion of treatment. No patient experienced radiation‐induced acute/late toxicity of ≥ Grade 2 otherwise.

Conclusion

With few observed acute/late toxicities, IMPT/IMCT provided effective short‐term tumor control in our patients with HNS. Further investigations, preferably in a prospective fashion, will be required to confirm the efficacy and toxicities of IMPT/IMCT in this group of patients.
Incidence of opioid‐induced constipation in Japanese patients with cancer pain: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Tokoro Akihiro , Imai Hisao , Fumita Soichi , Harada Toshiyuki , Noriyuki Toshio , Gamoh Makio , Akashi Yusaku , Sato Hiroki , Kizawa Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2019

This multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study assessed opioid induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer. Eligible patients had stable cancer and an ECOG PS of 0‐2. OIC incidence based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria was determined by patient diary entries during the first 14 days of opioid therapy. The proportion of patients with OIC was calculated for each 1‐week period and the overall 2‐week study period. Secondary measurements of OIC included the Bowel Function Index (BFI) score (patient assessment administered by physician), spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week (patient assessment), and physician assessments. Medication for constipation was allowed. Two hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. The mean morphine‐equivalent dose was 22 mg/day. By Rome IV criteria, the cumulative incidence of OIC was 56% (95% CI: 49.2%‐62.9%); week 1, 48% (95% CI: 40.8%‐54.6%); week 2, 37% (95% CI: 30.1%‐43.9%). The cumulative incidence of OIC was lower in patients who received prophylactic agents for constipation (48% [95% CI: 38.1%‐57.5%]) than in patients who did not (65% [95% CI: 55.0%‐74.2%]). The cumulative incidences of OIC were 59% (95% CI: 51.9%‐66.0%), 61% (95% CI: 54.3%‐68.1%), and 45% (95% CI: 38.0%‐51.8%) based on BFI scores, physician assessments, and SBM frequency, respectively. Frequency of BMs/week before starting opioids was the most influential factor for the occurrence of OIC. Utilization of prophylactic agents for constipation was associated with a modest effect on reducing the incidence of OIC. The incidences of OIC reported were variable depending on the diagnostic tool involved.
A rare entity of reactive arthritis‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Katusiime Christine
Published: June 2019

There is increasing association of reactive arthritis (ReA) with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ReA‐immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) on the contrary is such a rare occurrence that it has only been documented twice. This is the index documented case of ReA‐IRIS in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Approximate calculation of voltammetric peak of diffusionless system
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir D.
Published: June 2019

Voltammetric peak of the adsorbed electroactive system may be expressed by a parametric equation; no exact explicit relation is achievable. Present work describes an approximate algorithm (Lorentzian‐Gaussian algorithm [LGA]) for the computation of voltammetric peak of diffusionless system with high precision. This algorithm may be used for calculation of voltammetric peaks of adsorbed species; redox behavior of mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (Prussian blue, electroactive polymers, etc) can also be covered by LGA if diffusion and charge transfer does not impede the process. This algorithm can be useful in computer simulation of mass transfer in thin films of Prussian blue and other mixed ionic‐electronic conductors. Despite being an approximate algorithm, LGA has a remarkable accuracy. Unfortunately, this accuracy has been achieved at the expense of simplicity: LGA makes use of nine adjustable coefficients.
Murahashi Cross‐Coupling at −78 °C: A One‐Pot Procedure for Sequential C−C/C−C, C−C/C−N, and C−C/C−S Cross‐Coupling of Bromo‐Chloro‐Arenes
Authors: Sinha Narayan , Heijnen Dorus , Feringa Ben L. , Organ Michael G.
Published: June 2019

The coupling of organolithium reagents, including strongly hindered examples, at cryogenic temperatures (as low as −78 °C) has been achieved with high‐reactivity Pd‐NHC catalysts. A temperature‐dependent chemoselectivity trigger has been developed for the selective coupling of aryl bromides in the presence of chlorides. Building on this, a one‐pot, sequential coupling strategy is presented for the rapid construction of advanced building blocks. Importantly, one‐shot addition of alkyllithium compounds to Pd cross‐coupling reactions has been achieved, eliminating the need for slow addition by syringe pump.
Preparation of (Pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes by Direct Fluorination of Diaryldisulfides: Synthetic Approach and Mechanistic Aspects
Authors: Ajenjo Javier , Klepetářová Blanka , Greenhall Martin , Bím Daniel , Culka Martin , Rulíšek Lubomír , Beier Petr
Published: June 2019

Direct fluorination of ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐substituted aromatic thiols and disulfides using elemental fluorine afforded substituted (pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes. This work thus represents the first study of the scope and limitation of direct fluorination for the synthesis of new SF5‐containing building blocks. Fluorinations in batch and flow modes were compared. A comprehensive computational study was carried out employing density functional and wave function methods to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the transformation of ArSF3 into ArSF5. Eliminating various nonradical pathways, it has been shown that the reaction proceeds by a radical mechanism, initiated by the attack of the F. on the ArSF3 moiety, propagated via an almost barrierless F2+ArSF4.→ArSF5+F. step and terminated by the ArSF4.+F.→ArSF5. Most of the calculated data are in very good agreement with experimental observations concerning the ortho‐substituent effect on the reaction rates and yields.
Die Brauchwasserversorgung aus den westdeutschen Schifffahrtskanälen
Authors: Wette Michael , Teichgräber Burkhard
Published: June 2019

Durch das Abkommen von 1968 zwischen dem Bund und dem Land NRW entwickelten sich die westdeutschen Kanäle zu einer Multifunktionsanlage, die zum einen die Schifffahrt auf den Wasserstraßen und zum anderen den Verbund von Lippe, Ruhr und Rhein ermöglichte mit dem Ziel, kostengünstiges Brauchwasser für Kraftwerke, Industrie‐, Gewerbe‐ und Wasserversorgungsunternehmen aus den Kanälen bereitzustellen und die Niedrigwasserführung der Lippe in Trockenzeiten anzuheben. Zur Erfüllung seiner Aufgaben aus dem Abkommen gründete das Land den Wasserverband Westdeutsche Kanäle als Träger der Wasserversorgung.
A Computational Study on Iridium‐Catalyzed Production of Acetic Acid from Ethanol and Water Solution
Authors: Yue Xin , Li Longfei , Li Pengjie , Luo Chenguang , Pu Min , Yang Zuoyin , Lei Ming
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The mechanism for the production of acetic acid from ethanol and water mixture catalyzed by iridium catalyst has been theoretically investigated. The cooperation of the iridium center and bpyO ligand is highlighted, which plays an important role in the catalytic activity. The hydrogen release from the iridium center is the rate‐determining step, with an energy barrier of 22.5 kcal/mol. The electronic structure analysis suggests electron‐donating substituents could decrease the energy barrier.
Excited State Dynamics of Isocyano Rhenium(I) Phenanthroline Complexes from Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Chu Wing‐Kin , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Phillips David Lee
Published: June 2019

The photophysical processes in a series of isocyano Re(I) phenanthroline complexes {[Re(CNR)n(CO)4‐n(phen)](PF6); n=2, 3, 4, R=2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3‐ or tBu‐ (n=2)} in acetonitrile have been studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy, transient resonance Raman spectroscopy, and femtosecond / nanosecond transient spectroscopy to elucidate the nature of their electronic transitions and emissive excited state(s). The kinetics of the intersystem crossing, vibrational relaxation and radiative decay of the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer {MLCT [dπ(Re)→π*(phen)]} excited state have also been determined.
Molecularly Imprinted Polyresorcinol Based Capacitive Sensor for Sulphanilamide Detection
Authors: Kumar Prusty Arun , Bhand Sunil
Published: June 2019

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based capacitive sensor for antibiotic detection in drinking water and milk has been developed on a gold coated silicon electrode (Au Electrode). The electrode was fabricated by electropolymerizing monomer resorcinol (RN) on Au surface in presence of sulphanilamide (SN) as a template molecule, to get insulated RN polymer antibiotic composite. The insulation of the polymer film was improved by incubation of electrode in 1‐Dodecanethiol solution. Subsequently MIP sensor was obtained by extraction of SN in ethanol and acetic acid solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed for characterization of the developed MIP electrode at different steps of fabrication. The surface morphology of MIP electrode was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Performance of MIP sensor was evaluated by measuring change in capacitance against varying concentration of SN using EIS. A linear response in the range 1 to 200 μg L−1 SN was recorded for MIP sensor with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1. The developed MIP sensor exhibited good selectivity towards SN in water and milk with recoveries in the range 92 % to 105 %. The obtained results suggest the usability of MIP based sensor for SN estimation in water and milk samples.
Dual‐system tract pattern: Significance for foreland basin reservoir prediction (Jurassic, Central Junggar Basin, West China)
Authors: Du Xue‐Bin , Chen Ping , Lu Yong‐chao , Song Xiao‐dong
Published: June 2019

The Junggar Basin is a typical superimposed system characterized by multilateral steep thrusts and extrusions and one of the primary petroliferous basins in Western China. To date, geologists have been most interested in the basin's tectonic evolution and petroleum geology characteristics. Based on field outcrops, lithologic combinations, logging curves, and seismic reflection characteristics, we present a systematic study of the sequence stratigraphy pattern for the Jurassic central Junggar Basin. Herein, we identify the central Junggar area as having a “dual” characteristic sequence framework composed of a lowstand system tract (LST) and a transgressive system tract (TST), which is distinguishable from the traditional three system tract (LST, TST, and highstand system tract [HST]). In each third‐order sequence, the LST consists of conglomerate or pebbly sandstone deposits, displaying the characteristics of braided channel and fan delta. The TST consists of siltstone, argillaceous siltstone, and mudstone, displaying fine‐grained, shore‐shallow lacustrine deposits. It is considered that the combination of multiphasic thrust extrusion and subsequent, steady deposition is likely responsible for the dual‐system tract. The forming process of the dual‐system tract pattern could divide into four stages: the quiet stage of tectonic activity, the early stage of compression, the continuous stage of compression, and the rapid rebound stage. Additionally, two reservoir predictive models are proposed: the progradational predicting model on the edge of the depression and truncated and pinchout predicting model on the palaeo‐uplift. We conclude that the coarse clastic unit of the LST has bright prospects for oil and gas exploration within the superimposed system in Western China.
Neural sphingosine 1‐phosphate accumulation activates microglia and links impaired autophagy and inflammation
Authors: Karunakaran Indulekha , Alam Shah , Jayagopi Surendar , Frohberger Stefan J. , Hansen Jan N. , Kuehlwein Janina , Hölbling Benedikt V. , Schumak Beatrix , Hübner Marc P. , Gräler Markus H. , Halle Annett , van Echten‐Deckert Gerhild
Published: June 2019

Microglia mediated responses to neuronal damage in the form of neuroinflammation is a common thread propagating neuropathology. In this study, we investigated the microglial alterations occurring as a result of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) accumulation in neural cells. We evidenced increased microglial activation in the brains of neural S1P‐lyase (SGPL1) ablated mice (SGPL1fl/fl/Nes) as shown by an activated and deramified morphology and increased activation markers on microglia. In addition, an increase of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in sorted and primary cultured microglia generated from SGPL1 deficient mice was noticed. Further, we assessed autophagy, one of the major mechanisms in the brain that keeps inflammation in check. Indeed, microglial inflammation was accompanied by defective microglial autophagy in SGPL1 ablated mice. Rescuing autophagy by treatment with rapamycin was sufficient to decrease interleukin 6 (IL‐6) but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion in cultured microglia. Rapamycin mediated decrease of IL‐6 secretion suggests a particular mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐IL‐6 link and appeared to be microglia specific. Using pharmacological inhibitors of the major receptors of S1P expressed in the microglia, we identified S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) as the mediator of both impaired autophagy and proinflammatory effects. In line with these results, the addition of exogenous S1P to BV2 microglial cells showed similar effects as those observed in the genetic knock out of SGPL1 in the neural cells. In summary, we show a novel role of the S1P‐S1PR2 axis in the microglia of mice with neural‐targeted SGPL1 ablation and in BV2 microglial cell line exogenously treated with S1P.
Cross‐national evidences of a school‐based universal programme for promoting prosocial behaviours in peer interactions: Main theoretical communalities and local unicity
Authors: Luengo Kanacri Bernadette P. , Zuffiano Antonio , Pastorelli Concetta , Jiménez‐Moya Gloria , Tirado Liliana U. , Thartori Eriona , Gerbino Maria , Cumsille Patricio , Martinez Maria L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of prosocial behaviour against aggression in a school‐based universal intervention adapted in two different (non‐Western) countries, Colombia and Chile. Using a randomised pretest–post‐test design (and controlling for participants' gender and parents' level of education), current results highlighted different effects of a similar programme in both sites. First, the school‐based universal programme designed for promoting prosocial behaviours in the peer context obtained a positive cross‐national effect on prosocial behaviour rated by three informants (i.e. self, peer and teacher reports). In Colombia, this effect was moderated by the initial level of prosociality of the participants and their level of education. Mediational two‐wave model corroborated that the improvement on prosocial behaviours in both countries (moderated in the case of Colombia) predicted significantly lower level of physical aggression. Characteristics of the implementation considering different cultural and historical backgrounds were discussed.
LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli under heterologous gene expression stress
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad S. , Razeeth Mohammed , Choudhry Hani M. Z. , Anwar Firoz , Zamzami Mazin A. , Murtaza Bibi N. , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. M. , Khan Mohammad I. , Shakoori Abdul R.
Published: June 2019

Escherichia coli is frequently exploited for genetic manipulations and heterologous gene expression studies. We have evaluated the metabolic profile of E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) RIL CodonPlus after genetic modifications and subjecting to the production of recombinant protein. Three genetically variable E. coli cell types were studied, normal cells (susceptible to antibiotics) cultured in simple LB medium, cells harboring ampicillin‐resistant plasmid pET21a (+), grown under antibiotic stress, and cells having recombinant plasmid pET21a (+) ligated with bacterial lactate dehydrogenase gene grown under ampicillin and standard isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG)‐induced gene expression conditions. A total of 592 metabolites were identified through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, feature and peak detection using XCMS and CAMERA followed by precursor identification by METLIN‐based procedures. Overall, 107 metabolites were found differentially regulated among genetically modified cells. Quantitative analysis has shown a significant modulation in DHNA‐CoA, p‐aminobenzoic acid, and citrulline levels, indicating an alteration in vitamin K, folic acid biosynthesis, and urea cycle of E. coli cells during heterologous gene expression. Modulations in energy metabolites including NADH, AMP, ADP, ATP, carbohydrate, terpenoids, fatty acid metabolites, diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and l‐carnitine advocate major metabolic rearrangements. Our study provides a broader insight into the metabolic adaptations of bacterial cells during gene manipulation experiments that can be prolonged to improve the yield of heterologous gene products and concomitant production of valuable biomolecules.
LncRNA TP73‐AS1 is a novel regulator in cervical cancer via miR‐329‐3p/ARF1 axis
Authors: Xu Jingning , Zhang Jinmei
Published: June 2019

Cervical cancer holds one of the highest morbidity and mortality in various types of cancers. It even leads to the most number of cancer‐related deaths of women. A lot of research has indicated that the anomalous expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) would induce carcinogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis of patients with cancer. However, the function and mechanism of many lncRNAs still call for further research. Tumor Protein P73 Antisense RNA 1 (TP73‐AS1) is no exception. LncRNA TP73‐AS1 has been found to promote cancer progressions in various cancers. It is upregulated in cervical cancer cells. The proliferation and migration ability of cervical cancer cells can also be boosted by TP73‐AS1 in return. Meanwhile, miRNA‐329‐3p is downregulated in cervical cancer cells and could bind with both TP73‐AS1 and ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1). TP73‐AS1 inhibited miR‐329‐3p expression while miR‐329‐3p inhibited ARF1 expression. More importantly, TP73‐AS1 can positively regulate ARF1 expression. Based on all these experiments, TP73‐AS1 regulates ARF1 expression by competitively binding with miR‐329‐3p, thus regulating cervical cancer progression. Further rescue assays confirmed TP73‐AS1 regulates cervical cell proliferation and migration via miR‐329‐3p/ARF1. TP73‐AS1 might serve as a novel regulator in cervical cancer.
Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons in the regenerating spinal cord of lizards and amphibians are likely mechanoreceptors
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

During spinal cord (SC) regeneration in the tail of amphibians and lizards, small neurons in contact with the central canal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are formed. The present review summarizes previous and recent studies that have characterized most of these neurons as cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons (CSFCNs), especially in the regenerating caudal SC of lizards. CSFCNs form tufts of stereocilia immersed in the CSF, secrete exosomes, and are often in contact with a secreted protein‐rod indicated as Reissner fiber. Ultrastructural, autoradiographic, immunohistochemical, and behavioral studies strongly indicate that most of these cells are mechanoreceptors that differentiate from ependymal cells within 20–30 days after SC amputation. Numerous CSFCNs are gamma amino‐butyric acid (GABA)‐ergic, uptake amino acids, receive few synaptic boutons, and contain neurofilaments, fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), and other signaling proteins, the latter likely secreted into the central canal. Similar neurons are formed in the SC of the tuatara (Sphenodon puctatus), anurans, and urodeles during tail regeneration. In lizard, most of their projection remains in the SC close to the regenerated tail, but they form synapses with neurons that receive descending nerves from the brainstem, including vestibular nuclei. CSFCNs, aside a possible neurosecretory activity, might sense liquor movements for maintenance of balance, a role that is supported from recent studies on other caudate vertebrates. The regeneration of these cells also in the nervous system of other vertebrates remains unknown.
Cooperative surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy enhancement in Au nanorod/SiO2 nanoparticle solutions
Authors: Nam Jihye , Duy Pham Khac , Seo Chunhee , Eom Sangwon , Minh Duong Nguyen , Lee Jisun , Sim Jae Hyun , Chung Hoeil , Kang Youngjong
Published: June 2019

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals in liquid state are significantly enhanced by utilizing cooperative interaction between metal surface plasmon and dielectric resonance. Raman signals from the diluted solutions are very weak even if they are amplified by SERS using Au nanorods. When SiO2 nanoparticles are added together with Au nanorods, however, Raman intensity increased by three order comparing with that of system containing only Au nanorods. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations show that SiO2 nanoparticles exhibit dipolar electric resonance, which is strongly enhanced by interacting with the surface plasmon of Au nanorods. The size and concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles are optimized to 354 nm in diameter and 4.5 vol%. Under the optimized condition, SERS intensity decrease with concentration of analyte (rhodamine 6G or crystal violet) is much slower for the system containing both Au nanorods and SiO2 nanoparticles than that of the system containing only Au nanorods. The detection limit is 10−10 M for both aqueous rhodamine 6G and crystal violet solutions.
Ultrasound Appearances of Complications After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , Fischer Beat , Pruès‐Latour Valerie , Wyssa Blaise
Published: June 2019

Anterior cruciate ligament tears are among the most frequent knee injuries. Surgical treatment is mandatory in active athletes to prevent meniscal tears and early joint degenerative changes. Anterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic reconstruction (ACLAR) is considered the preferred procedure, allowing a successful functional restoration and a prompt return to sports practice. Postsurgical complications are infrequent and are mainly assessed clinically and by magnetic resonance imaging. Although ultrasound can only evaluate the outer aspect of the knee, it can detect several ACLAR complications. The aim of this pictorial essay is to present the ultrasound appearances of a wide spectrum of ACLAR complications.
Bipartisan bill to reduce health care costs introduced
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Chairman Lamar Alexander (R‐Tennessee) and Ranking Member Patty Murray (D‐Washington) on June 20 introduced S. 1895, the Lower Health Care Costs Act of 2019 — bipartisan legislation to deliver better health care at lower cost. Chairman Alexander and Ranking Member Murray announced that the committee will vote on the legislation on June 26.
On concentration of solution to a Schrödinger logarithmic equation with deepening potential well
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , de Morais Filho Daniel C. , Figueiredo Giovany M.
Published: June 2019

In this work, we prove the existence of positive solution for the following class of problems

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5699:mma5699-math-0001
where λ>0 and
is a potential satisfying some conditions. Using the variational method developed by Szulkin for functionals, which are the sum of a C1 functional with a convex lower semicontinuous functional, we prove that for each large enough λ>0, there exists a positive solution for the problem, and that, as λ→+∞, such solutions converge to a positive solution of the limit problem defined on the domain Ω=int(V−1({0})).
Superconvergence of a two‐grid method for fourth‐order dispersive‐dissipative wave equations
Authors: Shi Dongyang , Wang Ran
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the superconvergence analysis of a two‐grid method (TGM) with low‐order finite elements is presented for the fourth‐order dispersive‐dissipative wave equations for a second order fully discrete scheme. The superclose estimates in the H1‐norm on the two grids are obtained by the combination technique of the interpolation and Ritz projection. Then, with the help of the interpolated postprocessing technique, the global superconvergence properties are deduced. Finally, numerical results are provided to show the performance of the proposed TGM for conforming bilinear element and nonconforming
element, respectively. It shows that the TGM is an effective method to the problem considered of our paper compared with the traditional Galerkin finite element method (FEM).
Sample selection procedure in daily trading volume processes
Authors: Fernández Mariela , García Jesús E. , Gholizadeh Ramin , González‐López Verónica A.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we propose a procedure of selecting samples from a set of samples coming from Markovian processes of finite order and finite alphabet. Under the assumption of the existence of a law that prevails in at least q% of the samples of the collection, we show that the procedure allows to identify samples governed by the predominant law. The approach is based on a local metric between samples, which tends to zero when we compare samples of identical law and tends to infinity when comparing samples with different laws. The local metric allows to define a criterion which takes arbitrarily large values when the previous assumption about the existence of a predominant law does not hold. By means of this procedure, we map similarities and dissimilarities of some Brazilian stocks' daily trading volume dynamic.
A novel smart hybrid‐Trefftz finite element for smart laminated composite plates
Authors: Ray Manas Chandra
Published: June 2019

A novel smart hybrid‐Trefftz finite element (HTFE) has been developed for the analysis of smart laminated composite plates. The substrates of the smart plates are symmetric and antisymmetric cross‐ply plates. The derivation of this HTFE is devoid of the complicated task of finding the particular solutions of simultaneous governing partial differential equations. The Trefftz functions are constructed from the finite number of free‐field exact solutions of the homogeneous simultaneous governing partial differential equations of the element domain in a straightforward manner without transforming them into a single governing equation. The HTFE is validated with the exact solutions of the smart composite plates. It is observed that this HTFE is an efficient finite element and can be utilized for the analysis of active control of smart composite structures.
Multiscale proper generalized decomposition based on the partition of unity
Authors: Ibáñez Rubén , Ammar Amine , Cueto Elías , Huerta Antonio , Duval Jean‐Louis , Chinesta Francisco
Published: June 2019

Solutions of partial differential equations could exhibit a multiscale behavior. Standard discretization techniques are constraints to mesh up to the finest scale to predict accurately the response of the system. The proposed methodology is based on the standard proper generalized decomposition rationale; thus, the PDE is transformed into a nonlinear system that iterates between microscale and macroscale states, where the time coordinate could be viewed as a 2D time, representing the microtime and macrotime scales. The macroscale effects are taken into account because of an FEM‐based macrodiscretization, whereas the microscale effects are handled with unidimensional parent spaces that are replicated throughout the domain. The proposed methodology can be seen as an alternative route to circumvent prohibitive meshes arising from the necessity of capturing fine‐scale behaviors.
Weight Cycling as a Risk Factor for Low Muscle Mass and Strength in a Population of Males and Females with Obesity
Authors: Rossi Andrea P. , Rubele Sofia , Calugi Simona , Caliari Cesare , Pedelini Francesco , Soave Fabio , Chignola Elisa , Vittoria Bazzani Paola , Mazzali Gloria , Dalle Grave Riccardo , Zamboni Mauro
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether multiple weight cycles in adulthood are an independent predictor of lower muscle mass and reduced strength, with potential implication for sarcopenia in adults with obesity.

Methods

A total of 60 males and 147 females with obesity were included, with a mean BMI of 37.9 ± 6.0 kg/m2 and a mean age of 52.6 ± 12.4 years. Muscle strength was evaluated with handgrip and appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.

Results

Participants were categorized into the following three groups: non‐weight cyclers, mild weight cyclers, and severe weight cyclers. From a binary logistic regression that considered muscle mass categories as a dependent variable and weight cycling categories, age, and sex as independent variables, severe weight cyclers showed a 3.8‐times increased risk of low muscle mass (95% CI: 1.42‐10.01). Considering handgrip strength categories as a dependent variable and weight cycling categories, age, sex, and BMI as independent variables, severe weight cycling was associated with an increased risk of low muscle mass (about 6.3 times, 95% CI: 1.96‐20.59). Severe weight cyclers showed a 5.2‐times greater risk of developing sarcopenia.

Conclusions

In adults with obesity, weight cycling is associated with lower muscle mass and strength and a greater likelihood of developing sarcopenic obesity.
Photovoltaic materials: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals synthesized via industrially scalable, green, one‐step mechanochemical process
Authors: Baláž Peter , Hegedus Michal , Baláž Matej , Daneu Nina , Siffalovic Peter , Bujňáková Zdenka , Tóthová Erika , Tešínsky Matej , Achimovičová Marcela , Briančin Jaroslav , Dutková Erika , Kaňuchová Mária , Fabián Martin , Kitazono Satoshi , Dobrozhan Oleksandr
Published: June 2019

The present study demonstrates a scalable approach towards the pure Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) phase starting from microsized Cu, Zn, Sn, and S mixture or a combination of nanosized CuS, SnS plus microsized Zn and S. A set of mechanochemical reactions was carried out in an industrial vibratory mill. The pure CZTS phase was obtained after 360 minutes of milling with an average crystallite size of 15 nm for both mixtures. The kinetics of CZTS formation was investigated following the X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns of the reaction mixtures milled for various times. The morphology of particles and their elemental composition was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and EDX analysis. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed the presence of Cu+, Zn2+, Sn4+, and S2− species on the surface of CZTS with only minor oxidation. Thermal stability of the synthesized materials was followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Based on UV‐VIS measurements, the calculated bandgap Eg = 1.44 to 1.50 eV of the synthesized CZTS samples is acceptable for photovoltaic application. Moreover, the applied mechanochemical approach can produce 100 to 500 g of CZTS in a batch mode experiment that is 10 to 50 times higher amount as the throughput of laboratory planetary mills. Hypothetically, in the applied industrial eccentric vibratory mill, the amount can be increased up to 50 kg per one batch.