bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da qualidade do pré-natal em um hospital amigo da criança no interior do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Rocha Cândida Regina Fonseca Chagas , Lopes Izailza Matos Dantas
Published: January 2022

A atenção pré-natal apresenta um conjunto de medidas que visam levar a partos de recém-nascidos saudáveis, sem impactos negativos na saúde das mulheres. Inclui-se a promoção e a prevenção da saúde como também o diagnóstico e tratamento adequado dos problemas que possam surgir. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes que realizaram o parto em um Hospital Amigo da criança no interior do estado de Sergipe, nos anos de 2018 e 2019, contribuindo para determinar a qualidade do pré-natal da população envolvida. Este estudo refere-se a um caso epidemiológico, retrospectivo, transversal e de caráter analítico, realizado através do levantamento de dados do banco do SINASC (Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos) que se encontra na plataforma do DATASUS. Os resultados mostraram uma cobertura elevada da assistência pré-natal com mais de 90% das gestantes de parto termo iniciaram o acompanhamento do pré-natal antes da 16ª semana gestacional (98,1%; n = 2.972). Sobre o número de consultas de pré-natal consideradas adequadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, as gestantes que tiveram o parto termo realizaram 97,3% (n = 2.947) no mínimo seis consultas. Com relação à idade, as gestantes acima de 20 anos corresponderam a mais de 75% com filhos com o peso adequado ao nascimento (entre 2500 a 3999 g). A Classificação de Robson apresentada com maior frequência foi multípara, sem cesárea prévia, gestação única, bebê cefálico, trabalho de parto espontâneo. Concluiu-se que houve alta cobertura do pré-natal neste Hospital Amigo da Criança, porém apresenta adequação ao PHPN.
Conhecimento e práticas sobre raiva junto às Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Brasil
Authors: Lovadini Vinicius de Lima , Lorena Laura Luisa Gonçalves , Lacerda Jaqueline da Silva , Araujo Matheus Janeck , Marinho Márcia
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: mapear o padrão da distribuição espacial sobre o conhecimento e práticas de vacinação acerca da zoonose Raiva na população atendida nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Birigui, São Paulo, Brasil. Método: estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico, não experimental, com delineamento transversal. Foram aplicados 400 questionários entre janeiro e julho de 2019 para os participantes das 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Birigui de forma randomizada, nas análises espaciais foi utilizado o Estimador de Densidades de Kernel. Resultados: 74,25% (n=297) dos participantes são do sexo feminino, 44% (n=176) alocavam-se entre 31-50 anos de idade, e 67% (n=268) da população apontaram corretamente os animais transmissores da Raiva. Identificou-se clusters com maiores densidades de conhecimentos e práticas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde bem como os mais vulneráveis. Conclusão: As análises espaciais contribuíram para uma avaliação mais específica do perfil do conhecimento dos munícipes sobre a Raiva.
Bioactive chitosan/extract peppermint films to food packing in brisee dough: mechanic properties, antioxidant activity and shelf life
Authors: Carnaval Luana de Souza Cavalcante , Bezerra Anderson Campos , Arroyo Betty Del Carmen Jarma , Lins Lara Oliveira , Melo Enayde de Almeida , Santos Andrelina Maria Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

Besides practical and convenient products, the consumer has increasingly demanded safe and tasty foods, arousing interest in natural additives. This work aimed to develop chitosan films added with peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) hydroethanolic extract (EHH) for Briseé dough conservation. Films were prepared with chitosan (1% w/v) added with four EHH concentrations: 2.5% (EH2.5), 5% (EH5), 10% (EH10) and 25% (EH25). EH5 and EH10 films showed better antioxidant activity and bioactives retention, so were characterized by visual analysis, thickness, mechanical and optical properties, moisture, density, water vapour permeability, swelling, solubility. Moreover, by antimicrobial action against S. aureus and Escherichia coli, whose results showed they did not exhibit any activity against studied bacteria. For selected films, EHH addition improved mechanical, barrier and optical properties. They were used to pack pieces of dough, then results for DPPH and TBARS showed these films were effective in delaying lipid oxidation over ten days of storage.
Os princípios do Bem Viver na relação com o protagonismo das mulheres
Authors: Leandro Neto João , Souza Francisca Laudeci Martins , Paiva Victoria Régia Arrais de , Pinheiro Adriana de Alencar Gomes , Queiroz Zuleide Fernandes de , Nunes Cicera
Published: January 2022

Este artigo busca discutir, numa perspectiva teórico-prática, os princípios do Bem Viver na relação com o protagonismo das mulheres do quilombo Arruda. Assim o fazemos, com o interesse na reflexão acerca do Movimento Social das Mulheres quilombolas na comunidade de Arrudas - CE, diante dos preceitos do Bem Viver. Opta-se por enfocar a dimensão política de suas reivindicações e propostas, procurando fazer com que a análise contribua para refletir sobre as políticas públicas em seus próprios termos. Além disso, analisa-se a ação do coletivo e sua autoatribuição como mulheres quilombolas, atendendo a possíveis conexões e desligamentos com outros feminismos, a fim de traçar a lógica da política em face à valorização do papel da mulher. Essa análise permite vislumbrar como as mulheres quilombolas se movem entre essas duas lógicas de ação, mas também incita agendar discussões que dizem respeito antropologicamente à relação entre ontologia e política. Para dar conta desse interesse de pesquisa, adotamos como metodologia revisão de literatura com aportes qualitativos. Por fim, podemos afirmar a relação em torno do movimento social de mulheres e os preceitos do Bem Viver.
Adesão de pacientes com diabetes mellitus ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Pereira Francisco Rogério da Silva , Silva Helton Colares da , Gomes Junior José Evaldo , Souza Francisco Hugo Sobral de , Bitu Vanessa de Carvalho Nilo , Souza Celestina Elba Sobral de
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar na literatura como acontece a adesão terapêutica no tratamento de pessoas com diabetes mellitus frente as suas fragilidades e potencialidades. Este estudo caracteriza-se por uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Para sistematização na busca da coleta dos estudos e amostragem da literatura, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO e PubMed, por meio dos seguintes descritores: Diabetes mellitus, complicações do diabetes e qualidade de vida. Foram incluídos no estudo artigos publicados na íntegra no período de 2016 a 2021. No que se refere aos resultados, observou-se uma redução significativa da glicemia sérica em relação àqueles pacientes que fizeram uso de terapias corretas, seja ela voltada ao uso racional de medicamentos hipoglicemiantes ou através da adesão a prática de atividade física e introdução de uma alimentação correta, situação essa que conseguiu reduzir significativamente o surgimento de complicações graves e quadros de hospitalizações. Bem como também, a utilização e terapias farmacológicas e o risco de interações medicamentosas advindas de um tratamento incorreto, que muitas vezes perpassa pela deficiência na orientação médica ou pela baixa instrução educacional. Dessa forma, nota-se a necessidade de adesão por parte desses portadores de diabetes, tanto por uma qualidade de vida saudável, através da introdução de atividade física e alimentação correta, como também por meio de cartilhas de orientações que serviram de recurso para prevenção de complicações relacionadas ao descontrole dos níveis glicêmicos.
Desmame precoce do filho de mãe adolescente
Authors: Lima Jaíra Fernandes , Morais Elaine Fernandes , Alves Ana Lúcia Naves , Santos Larissa Christiny Amorim dos , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Santana Pedro Paulo Corrêa , Fassarella Bruna Porath Azevedo , Neves Keila do Carmo , Castro Kemely de , Salvati Pedro Oscar Lopes
Published: January 2022

Com base no problema do desmame precoce em filhos de mães adolescentes, esse trabalho tem por objetivo apontar o aumento de incidências, esclarecer importância e vantagens do aleitamento materno exclusivo para o bebê até o 6º mês de vida, e também que a amamentação é diversificada de acordo com vários fatores como socioeconômico, psicossocial, cultural e crença. Dependendo das características dessa mãe adolescente e o nível de conhecimento sobre as vantagens que o aleitamento materno exclusivo proporciona. Cabe aos profissionais de enfermagem saber identificar os problemas que tem causado o aumento dessa incidência, e a frequente ocorrência desse problema e proporcionar uma educação continuada desde o pré-natal até o pós parto dessas mães adolescente com seus familiares, os estimulando com evidências de mães que amamentaram exclusivamente até o 6º mês de vida, e os benefícios que proporcionaram a seus filhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada na clínica da família Marfel e o posto de saúde Vasco Barcelos no município de Nova Iguaçu. De modo que o conhecimento sobre essa temática e de suma importância para os profissionais de enfermagem, o que requer acompanhamento e avaliação dessas nutrizes adolescentes e até que ponto que a influência externa de seus familiares pode ajudar ou prejudicar no aleitamento materno exclusivo, desempenho essenciais desses profissionais para a busca de estratégias a tentar minimizar e sanar essa problemática, desmame precoce de filhos de mães adolescentes.
Desafios e perspectivas da Educação do Campo: uma revisão quali-quantitativa de produções científicas brasileiras
Authors: Conceição José Luis Monteiro da , Ferreira Fabrício Nicácio , Santos Diana Viturino , São Pedro Joilson Batista de , Assis Cristiane Pereira , Silva Sirneto Vicente da
Published: January 2022

Este artigo de revisão narrativa da literatura, metodologicamente perpassando por uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, tem como objetivo identificar os desafios e perspectivas da Educação do Campo no Brasil. Para tanto, definiu-se como corpus de análise a produção acadêmica, teses e dissertações, produzidas nos últimos seis anos (2016-2021) nos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros. O levantamento foi realizado na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Os estudos apontaram como principais desafios a ausência de compreensão dos princípios da Educação do Campo por parte de profissionais que atuam nessa modalidade de ensino, a multisseriação e a insuficiência de recursos financeiros destinados às escolas do campo. Como perspectivas, identificou-se a aplicação de estratégias didáticas e metodológicas que contribuem efetivamente para o desenvolvimento do trabalho pedagógico do professor e aprendizagem do aluno, além de alinhar a teoria e a prática cotidiana nas escolas do campo, por exemplo, a implantação da horta escolar, tecnologias/materiais digitais e a aplicação da modelagem matemática. Considera-se, de acordo com as análises realizadas, que o Estado brasileiro precisa possibilitar avanço na promoção de políticas públicas que garantam efetivamente o direito da população do campo a uma educação de qualidade.
Via de sinalização WNT canônica no prognóstico de carcinoma de células escamosas oral
Authors: Farrapo Manuela Timbó , Rifane Tainah Oliveira , Pinto Diego Neves , Rodrigues Ranyele Elis Alexandre , Oliveira Ketelyn Kerty Pereira de , Medeiros Samara Tabata Cavalcante Braga , Sousa Luane Macedo de , Vasconcelos Lorena Vieira , Feitosa Victor Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi evidenciar a expressão imuno-histoquímica da via wnt/b-catenina em células de carcinomas orais (OSCC), por meio de uma revisão da literatura. Para isso, foi realizado uma busca nos bancos de dados PubMed e SciELO com as paravras chaves “β-catenin”, “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, “OSCC” e “Wnt signaling” com operador booleano AND. Como critérios de inclusão adotaram-se artigos publicados na língua inglesa, artigos in vitro, in situ ou ensaios clínicos dos anos de 2010 a 2021 que relacionam a via de sinalização WNT canônica com oral squamous cell carcinoma e os critérios de exclusão considerados foram artigos duplicados, revisão de literatura e que não abordavam a temática. Após a leitura do título, do resumo, e do conteúdo integral de cada um dos estudos, foram selecionados 110 artigos. Compostos de IncRNA, enzimas, derivados de hexaclorofeno e a lignina isolada de Taiwania foram capazes de suprimir o crescimento e metástases pela inibição da via WNT/ β-catenina. Células-tronco cancerosas, enzimas tipo PON2, ingestão de nicotina, citocina TNF-α e gene FAD1 são capazes de aumentar o crescimento e metástase pela inibição da mesma via. Portanto, a expressão desses biomarcadores pode influenciar o prognóstico das células cancerígenas e ajudar os profissionais a explorar novos possíveis efeitos terapêuticos em OSSC modulando a via Wnt / β-catenina.
A interferência do uso das tecnologias (mídias sociais e jogos) na qualidade do sono e processo de ensino aprendizagem dos alunos de Ensino Médio: revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Samanda de Sá , Lima Larissa Barbosa , Bezerra Thaynara de Moura , Teixeira Daniel de Jesus , Correa Rogério Rodrigues , Domingues-Bastos Adriano , Marques Raphael Furtado , Lemos-Araújo Marlon , Goya Thiago Tanaka , Ferreira-Silva Rosyvaldo
Published: January 2022

Esta revisão buscou realizar uma síntese da literatura a respeito dos impactos do uso de tecnologias na qualidade do sono e no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino médio. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura elaborada conforme o protocolo Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses), na qual utilizamos as bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science, foram incluídos estudos publicados do tipo observacional publicados entre os anos de 2014 e 2020, que buscavam avaliar a interferência do uso de equipamentos na qualidade do sono e, consequentemente, no desempenho acadêmico. Não houve limitação de idiomas na busca. Foi encontrado um total de 153 estudos com a busca eletrônica. Destes, apenas 4 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Estudos Múltiplos demonstraram que o uso de equipamentos eletrônicos no leito seja para acesso às redes sociais, ou entretenimento por meios dos jogos, tem sido um fator impactante na vida dos adolescentes. Diante disso, constatamos que o uso excessivo de recursos tecnológicos antes de dormir, principalmente no que se refere ao uso de mídias sociais, tem interferido na qualidade do sono, sendo um dos fatores associados a uma redução do desempenho escolar dos estudantes de ensino médio.
Análise comparativa dos sistemas reciprocantes Reciproc® e Wave One®
Authors: Silva Alyce Oliveira da , Silva Alícia Marcelly Souza de Mendonça , Silva Ana Cláudia  da , Pinheiro Ana Flávia Travasso , Oliveira Andressa Cabral de , Clemente Anne Caroline Castro Lisboa , Freitas Caio Marcello Santos de Barros , Silva Douglas Wedson Ferreira da , Silva Edno dos Santos , Melo Gabriel Silveira de , Cardim Júlia Beatriz Revoredo de Vasconcelos , Anjos Kathlyn Lorrane Almeida dos , Medeiros Patricia Cortez de , Oliveira Rebeca Costa de Santa Cruz
Published: January 2022

A utilização de ligas em níquel-titânio revolucionou a endodontia e fez com que os tratamentos endodônticos se tornassem ainda mais eficazes por provocarem menos alterações na antomia original do canal radicular. Com o surgimento de novos sistemas automatizados como Reciproc® (VDW GmbH, Munique, Alemanha) e Wave One® (Dentsply-Mailefer, Ballaigues, Suíça), esses sistemas logo ficaram conhecidos no mercado por apresentarem uma liga em NiTi melhorada e denominada M-Wire que elevou a flexibilidade e resistência desses instrumentos. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as características das limas reciprocantes RECIPROC® (VDW GmbH, Munique, Alemanha) e WAVE ONE® (Dentsply-Mailefer, Ballaigues, Suíça) através de uma revisão de literatura. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: BVS, Lilacs, Pubmed. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos na integra, nos idiomas de português e inglês e que foram publicados no período de 2012 a 2021. Concluiu-se que os sistemas oscilatórios pesquisados se mostraram promissores, mas mais estudos ainda devem ser realizados para avaliar o desempenho de ambos, visto que foi lançado no mercado versões mais recente e melhoradas desses instrumentos.
Hepatitis B, C y Coinfección B-D
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Salud
Published: January 2022

Son infecciones hepáticas causadas por virus que comparten la característica de tener afinidad particular por el tejido hepático. Existen seis tipos de virus hepatotrópicos: A,B, C, Delta, E y G, los cuales producen un espectro de manifestaciones clínicas muy similares en sus fases agudas de infección.
Intoxicaciones agudas por sustancias químicas
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Salud
Published: January 2022

​Las sustancias químicas hacen parte de un gran número actividades diarias del hombre, lo cual implica que pueden producirse diferentes formas de exposición durante las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida de un producto o sustancia química.
Dependency of Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy and Lateral Force Microscopy Signals on Scan Parameters for Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Yang Yijun , Kim Kwanlae
Published: January 2022

Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is one of the most commonly used characterization techniques for piezoelectric one-dimensional nanomaterials. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of certain scan parameters on the C-AFM signals remains elusive. In the present work, the dependency of C-AFM signals on the normal force, scan speed, and Z scanner feedback gain was studied in conjunction with lateral force microscopy (LFM) signals. As the normal force increased, the C-AFM and the LFM signals increased for the following two possible reasons. When larger normal force was applied, ZnO nanorods were more effectively deflected, intensifying the piezoelectric effect. Additionally, the triboelectric effect was enhanced via the increased force of friction between the AFM tip and the ZnO nanorods. When the scan speed increased to 0.5 Hz, the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals increased owing to the enhanced degree of deflection in the ZnO nanorods. However, when exceeding 0.5 Hz, both the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals started to decrease because the AFM tip did not come into contact with the short ZnO nanorods at a high scan speed. Finally, with an increase in the feedback gain to 0.5, both the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals increased. However, when the feedback gain exceeded 1.0, the Z scanner feedback loop was too sensitive to deflect the ZnO nanorod, considerably reducing the total LFM signals. In contrast, the total C-AFM signal showed only a moderate decrease.
Zombie Media: Transmission, Reproduction, Disintegration
Authors: Cameron Allan
Published: January 2022

The modern zombie is a media zombie. Contemporary zombie films not only show news and communication channels failing in the face of societal disorder, but also linger over the material properties of recorded and transmitted footage. The contingent traces of mediation, including film grain, distortion, and digital pixellation are often associated with bodily phenomena of death, decay, and dismemberment. Here, the zombie body and the ‘body’ of the medium are metaphorically connected in a reversible relationship. Pleasures and fears associated with the instability of media are thus channelled through the spectacle of physical disintegration and narrative collapse. Merging the technological and the corporeal in the frame of ‘zombie media’, these films explore the breakdown of bodies, images, and meaning.
John Cossar & Son and the Govan Press
Authors: Williams Helen S.
Published: January 2022

Local weekly newspapers in market towns, or serving localities in large urban centres, were usually produced, alongside local-interest journals and a few books, in general printing offices which served the local businesses and community: John Cossar & Son of Govan is an example of this type of printing office. The firm had its origins in the 1870s, and later became the publisher of local weekly newspapers in Glasgow. John’s son, Thomas, invented the ‘Cossar Patent Flat Bed Web Newspaper Printing Machine’ in 1899. The machine used the existing skills and typesetting equipment available in every letterpress printers, but was reel- (or web-) instead of sheet-fed, keeping small circulation local weekly newspapers viable with a technology that remained unchallenged for fifty years.
The Reporter
Authors: Tate Stephen
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the role of the reporter within the newspaper industry of the period, ranging from those employed on London newspapers with a claim to some form of national circulation to those working on poorly-resourced examples of the provincial press. Issues considered include the practical duties of the reporter and how the role developed to reflect a gradually expanding editorial agenda together with improved employment opportunities, especially in the latter decades of the century. The piece also covers recruitment practices, the apprenticeship system (where applicable), pay and working conditions, and the ad hoc and rudimentary training of staff, including the take-up of shorthand, helping locate the reporter within the editorial hierarchy of the day and throwing light on issues such as career aspirations and social standing within the wider community.
An Imperial Ideology of News: News Values and Reporting about Japan in Colonial India
Authors: Bonea Amelia
Published: January 2022

This piece uses newspapers published in nineteenth-century India and Japan as a case-study to examine how networks of telegraph technology shaped the circulation of international news around British colonial spaces. It also explores how the use of technology was itself influenced by the local socio-economic and political contexts in which journalism was practiced. To this end, it examines the news reporting practices of newspapers published in both India and Japan, including the Times of India, the Englishman, the Japan Gazette, the Japan Herald and the Japan Times. In doing so, the case study identifies certain patterns and trends in the content and form of news reporting, and uses them to argue that the ideological structures of British imperialism shaped news values in the second half of the nineteenth century.
The Russian Émigré Press
Authors: Williams Helen S.
Published: January 2022

In 1853 Alexander Herzen established the Free Russian Press in London, initially printing pamphlets, followed by an occasional journal The Pole Star [Poliarnaia zvezda] in 1855, and the weekly The Bell [Kolkol] in 1857. These were the first of a series of Russian-language periodicals published in Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century. Some titles lasted for years, others for no more than a few issues. The politics of the writers and editors varied, but the aims of influencing opinion within the Russian Empire did not, and the majority were in Russian.Towards the end of the century, English-language titles, such as Free Russia, were produced aimed at gaining support in Britain for Russian oppositional movements, sometimes alongside equivalent Russian-language titles.
Literary and Review Journalism
Authors: Wilkes Joanne
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the burgeoning of literary reviewing throughout the nineteenth century. Beginning with the landmark founding of the quarterly Edinburgh Review in 1802, it traces the practice through a period when literacy expanded greatly, and the range of reviewing outlets, among quarterlies, monthlies, magazines and newspapers, increased exponentially. In addition, the novel became the most prominent form of creative literature read by the public and covered by reviewers. Topics addressed here include: politics in literary reviewing, the decline of anonymity, the growing role of women reviewers, literary reviews in the working-class press, the rise of the specialist reviewer, and the reviewing scene in Britain’s anglophone colonies. Although the chapter is necessarily a survey, there is some discussion of specific outlets and of significant reviewing personalities of the period.
The Scottish Gaelic Press
Authors: Kidd Sheila M.
Published: January 2022

This article surveys the emergence of the Scottish Gaelic periodical press, amid rising levels of Gaelic literacy, from the early decades of the nineteenth century. It considers the initial wave of publications from 1829–1850, one which was dominated by the clergy with moral, spiritual and educative aims, alongside the promotion of emigration. It moves on to examine the re-emergence of periodicals from the 1870s when the Gaelic press became a vehicle for cultural revival. The appearance of regular Gaelic columns in Highland newspapers in the politically-charged later decades of the nineteenth-century Highlands is also considered as are the precarious nature of Gaelic periodicals publishing and the limited evidence available for the reception of these periodicals. The importance of the Highland diaspora throughout the century and the resulting transnational nature of this press is discussed with Glasgow the main publishing location, but with journals also produced in Ontario, Nova Scotia and Tasmania.
The Satirical Press
Authors: Nie Michael de
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the evolution of the satiric press over the course of the nineteenth century. After discussing its most important predecessors the chapter explores the founding of Punch and the reasons for its success and longevity. The chapter then examines the rise and fall of Punch’s principal London competitors such as Judy, Fun, and Funny Folks, as well as the most notable regional satiric weeklies and humorous characters such as Ally Sloper.
Science and the Press
Authors: Csiszar Alex
Published: January 2022

This chapter surveys the history of the periodical press and its relationship to scientific knowledge. It shows that a wide range of periodical formats, including those aimed at both expert and more general readerships, were central to the circulation of knowledge and scientific publicity. But the press was also a key factor in the changing status of science in Victorian culture, the evolving identity of scientific practitioners, and debates over the nature of knowledge. Paradoxically, the fluid array of venues for scientific exchange developed alongside an emergent idea that there was one periodical genre that had a privileged claim to the publication of new knowledge claims: the specialised scientific journal.
‘Fellows that never knew each other’: Natural History Periodicals
Authors: Wale Matthew
Published: January 2022

This case study examines how natural-history periodicals created scientific communities through which a wide range of individuals could participate in the production of scientific knowledge. It focuses particularly on the Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer (1856-61), a weekly entomology periodical edited by Henry Tibbats Stainton (1822-92).It argues that periodicals applied new communications technology to the older form of scientific correspondence, making the circulation of observations and specimens more efficient, and expanding the number of practitioners involved in these networks of exchange.
The Book Trade Press
Authors: Calder Rachel
Published: January 2022

This case study concerns the evolution of the book trade press from advertisers into full-service trade journals. As the market for bookselling grew and competition intensified, booksellers needed better sources of information than the existing trade publications. The Bookseller was launched by Joseph Whitaker in 1858 as a new kind of trade journal, and it quickly inspired similar publications for other trades. Combining advertising with news, commercial information, and extensive trade journalism the journal also provided a forum where readers could air their grievances and debate issues of the day. The Bookseller aimed to boost the confidence and expertise of booksellers and encouraged them to see themselves not as price-cutting rivals but as a respectable and well-informed business community with a shared purpose. The Bookseller appealed to both publishers and booksellers, and its contents, together with those preserved in the earlier publications, serve as a record of the business culture of the nineteenth century book trade.
Galleries without Walls: Art and the Mechanical Mass Culture of the Press
Authors: Bromley Michael , Hasin-Bromley Karen
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores how a huge increase in the production and consumption of printed paper products in the nineteenth century provided an environment for the growth of popular printed illustration in parallel with an expanding consumerism. Art defined narrowly offered a ready-made basis for massification through print. Art moved from galleries and exhibitions into newspapers and magazines, advertising, packaging, labels and prints and posters. This provided a confluence of aesthetics and connoisseurship with commercialism, and of ‘improvement’ with consumption which impacted on the art world, too, helping to make celebrities out of artists. These new print forms of art were works in their own right. Yet, the chapter argues, the potential for a form of democratisation of art through mass consumption was circumscribed by persistent inflections of class.
The Sporting Press
Authors: Wiener Joel H.
Published: January 2022

This essay traces the rise of sports journalism in nineteenth-century Britain. It examines the shift from early sporting periodicals like Bell’s Life in London with its emphasis on boxing and field sports such as hunting, to late century journals like the Sporting Life and the Sportsman with their emphasis on racing news, cricket, rugby and football. By the end of the century the coverage of these and other sports was becoming more fully integrated into large circulation daily, Sunday and evening journals. During the final decades of the century, as the commercialisation of sports was increasing full-time professional journalists began to write for sporting journals and newspapers. This was frequently done under conditions of speed and with the pressure to meet competitive deadlines. Modern sports journalism was in the process of being born.
Ezra Pound, Music and Fascism: Towards Canto LXXV
Authors: Moss Gemma
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 argues that changes in Pound’s approach to music track changes in his politics. The early Pound is interested in music’s ability to communicate emotions, but as his allegiance to fascism, hierarchies and ‘certain truth’ intensifies in the 1930s, his approach to music becomes coldly rational. This chapter builds towards a reading of the musical score in Canto LXXV – the second of the Pisan Cantos – by investigating the political implications of Pound’s shifting approach to music, and those who shaped his musical thought, including Remy de Gourmont, Florence Farr, George Antheil, and Théophile Gautier. Attending to Pound’s long study and varied uses of music – an art form so often considered a domain apart from daily life and politics – can illuminate how his politics inform his aesthetic judgements, and how his aesthetics affect his politics.
The Global Animation Market: Opportunities for Developing Countries
Authors: Meleiro Alessandra
Published: January 2022

With 25% of the audiovisual market, global sales of $ 100 billion in 2006 and $ 222 billion in 2013, animation is one of the segments of the creative industry worldwide with the highest growth potential (7% per year). Within this panorama, it is affirmed that the animation industry has gradually become a sector of economic dimension relevant to some countries and an important mechanism of economic growth for others: This chapter discusses the insertion of animation producers from developing countries, such as Brazil, in the international market, as the Brazilian animators, formerly absorbed by international studios, have become producers and exporters of Brazilian animation content in the most diverse formats (Games, series, movies, VOD, licensed products), building a library of intellectual property rights that has given them a global reputation. It argues that animation has achieved strategic status in the production chain of the creative industries in Brazil, but that without government steer and investment to internationalise production, Brazilian animation’s soft power potential will remain unrealised.
(Masha and) the Bear Diplomacy: Soft Power as World-building and Russian Non-governmental Agency
Authors: Strukov Vlad
Published: January 2022

This chapter will focus on a specific medium and area of cultural production, namely digital animation which will be considered in the context of other digital industries and forms. Russia and Russians have a reputation for producing high quality animation which has gained critical acclaim at international festivals (an example of positive soft power, or, in Nye’s terms, the power of attraction). Indeed, in 2015-16 Masha and the Bear, a digital animation series which is aimed at young children, was the fourth most popular YouTube video in the world with over 4 bln views. The popular success of Masha and the Bear remains unaccounted in literature, including the fields of Russian Studies, Film Studies and Popular Geopolitics. By using a multi-disciplinary approach, this chapter will interrogate Russian non-governmental soft power agency. It will analyse the films included in the Masha and the Bear franchise by exploring their modes of distribution and presentation. In conclusion, the chapter will propose a re-consideration of Russian soft power which has currently been referred to by western observers as ‘propaganda’ and ‘information warfare’.
New Myths for an Old Nation: Bollywood, Soft Power and Hindu Nationalism
Authors: Dwyer Rachel
Published: January 2022

Bollywood, the name by which mainstream Hindi cinema has come to be known over the last two decades, is recognised internationally as a style of glamour and kitsch, associated with song and dance. From being seen as something of a national guilty secret, it has come to mark a new image of modern India where it continues to hold around 95% of domestic film market (Thussu 2007) with the new and other media reinforcing, rather than detracting from, the cinema. India has had a Hindu nationalist government since 2014. Concerns with how the nation is depicted have been mostly internal affairs with cultural wars on social media and on university campuses. This chapter looks at how the Hindi film industry, which practises self-censorship is shaping a new image of Indian history in this climate and how this appeals to its overseas audiences who are mostly found in the Indian diaspora.
Waking from History: The Nation’s Past and Future in Finnegans Wake
Authors: Colangelo Jeremy
Published: January 2022

This essay asks what it would mean to wake up from the nightmare of history, which is actually historical determinism. If history were recast as a rumour mill, full of doubt and possibility, as it is in Finnegans Wake, new possibilities would emerge. Joyce abandoned and disparaged official knowledge in favour of a subterranean epistemology of gossip.
‘Put “Molotoff bread-basket” into Irish, please’: Cruiskeen Lawn, Dada and the Blitz
Authors: Flynn Catherine
Published: January 2022

This chapter investigates Myles na gCopaleen’s long-running satirical column in the Irish Times, Cruiskeen Lawn, which began in 1940 during ‘The Emergency’. Written in both Irish and English and often juxtaposing these languages in a single instalment or transliterating one into the orthography of the other, Cruiskeen Lawn makes fun of nationalist piety about the Irish language, debunking the idea of a purely Irish voice. The column’s polyglot, polyvocal play mocks the idea of national or linguistic isolation, thereby challenging Eamon de Valera’s isolationist policy of neutrality in World War II. Heretical to nativism in its use of modernist polyglossia and fragmentation, Cruiskeen Lawn is also heretical to modernism insofar as it ‘moves outside of literary genres, and outside of the available genres of the newspaper, excerpting the discourse of its day and amplifying, distorting, and subverting it through linguistic play’.
Irish Christian Comedy: Heresy or Reform?
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki
Published: January 2022

This essay argues that Ireland developed a new form, Irish Christian Comedy, that does not make fun of religious values but instead lampoons the woodenness with which those values are understood and (mis)applied to daily life. It suggests that fiction is true to the meaning of events, and that it facilitates greater awareness of the mystery that lies behind spirituality. The hero of Irish Christian comedy is the daring, innovative reader.
The Irish Bachelor
Authors: Madden Ed
Published: January 2022

An exploration of the figure of the sexually frustrated and socially isolated bachelor farmer that became popular beginning in the 1930s. The essay sees the bachelor as a figure of gender resistance. Instead of stereotyping him as an example of religious repression and family pathologies, it reframes him as the victim of state regulation and suppression.
Watery Modernism? Mike McCormack’s Solar Bones and W. B. Yeats’s John Sherman
Authors: Connolly Claire
Published: January 2022

This chapter adopts the lens of ecocriticism to compare Yeats’s early novel John Sherman (1891) to Mike McCormack’s Solar Bones (2016), both of which are set in West of Ireland, a region imperilled by modernization in cultural and environmental terms. Published over a century apart, these novels mobilise modernist forms and themes in partial and selective ways to think about water as political, cultural and environmental threshold in the Anthropocene. The bodies of water that surround, permeate and shape the archipelago are the result of gradual geological or climatic change over time but also carry centuries of colonial and imperial history, played out on riverbanks, coasts and shores. In both novels, geography mutates through and against infrastructure, as journeys unfold along shipping routes, roads and railways.
The Restrained Fantastic in Hou Hsiao-hsien’s The Assassin
Authors: Stuckey Andrew
Published: January 2022

The acclaimed Taiwanese director Hou Hsiao-hsien’s 2015 film, The Assassin, is adapted from a Tang Dynasty tale that is one of the first instances in Chinese literature to describe a swordswoman. If for films such as A Touch of Zen or Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon the ethical dilemmas particular to a woman in the underworld of martial arts rivers and lakes are navigated by means of the visual spectacle of bodies in flight and in fight, Hou’s heroine, Nie Yinniang, is quite different. She emerges victorious over her enemies, but they are not vanquished. She maintains her own moral standards but retreats into seclusion by the end of the film. Likewise, Hou’s camera is often at such a distance that fighting sequences are as much obscured as revealed in the film. Thus, Hou’s famed style of exceedingly slow narrative presentation comes into fruitful tension with the generic conventions emphasising the fantastic elements of martial arts film. This chapter examines the reduced status of these fantastic features of the film, the way that Hou’s style naturalises and, indeed, construes them as realistic components of the narrative, and how these seemingly oppositional tactics come together to inform Nie Yinniang’s moral stance.
Transforming Tripitaka: Toward a (Buddhist) Planetary Ethics in Stephen Chow’s Adaptation of Journey to the West
Authors: Chan Kenneth
Published: January 2022

In studying Stephen Chow’s innovative reimagining of the Chinese literary and religious classic Journey to the West, this chapter begins by considering the intersections between global Buddhism, Sino-enchantment and the numerous cinematic adaptations of the Ming dynasty classic. Director Chow inverts the epic scope of the literary work by focusing on the personal quotidian specificities of relationality and alterity, accomplished by opening the film within the context of a small idyllic fishing village. He then allows the film to zoom out into the universal, as the Monkey King battles the Buddha. This inverted narrative structure lends the film a planetary ethics of feeling and connection between human and nonhuman life. Through Sino-enchantment as an interpretive lens, this chapter rethinks love and compassion in a posthuman era, thus making Journey to the West relevant to contemporary audiences.
Fashion and film: a synergetic kaleidoscope
Authors: Lundén Elizabeth Castaldo
Published: January 2022

The introduction anchors the contemporary red-carpet phenomenon to cultural shifts at the turn of the 20th Century. More specifically, it links these to the cultural practices of New York Society circles in their attempts to emulate European royal and aristocratic traditions. In doing so, it also tackles the changes brought along by late modernity, including the emergence of American beauty ideals in the media and the first attempts to create awareness around the need for an American fashion scene that could compete with Paris. It briefly discusses the shifting meanings of glamour as a central idea that navigates alongside Hollywood and the red-carpet event.
The concept of heterotopia is used to ground the elusive meaning of Hollywood, and Arjun Appadurai’s notion of the 5-scapes is brought to the forefront to contextualise the multifaceted aspects that need to be taken under consideration when studying the complexities of the red-carpet phenomenon in the context of globalisation. The introduction finally proposes thinking about different periods of fashion at the Academy Awards, structured under Raymond William’s understanding of the emergent, the dominant and the residual, led by shifts in the fashion and film industries.
‘When you wish upon a star …’
Authors: Lundén Elizabeth Castaldo
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the role of advertising agencies and the emergence of endorsement practices using Society women and Hollywood personalities to reach the female market since the early 20th Century. It analyses how Hollywood personalities became fashion experts in newspapers and film fan magazines, and how the advertising industry got involved with Hollywood. The chapter also provides an overview of how the notion of ‘getting the red-carpet treatment’ became popular, creating a collective desire to emulate the jet set.
Style arbiters and the genesis of best- and worst-dressed lists
Authors: Lundén Elizabeth Castaldo
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks into the role of central American figures that helped propagate interest in fashion among popular audiences. It describes the nature and origins of the best- and worst-dressed lists through their most emblematic exponents. It problematises the concept of expertise and historicises the role of these personalities as gatekeepers, mediators of cultural capital and entertainers, building up to the magnitude achieved by these lists today.
5 Monaural Soundtracks and Recording (Sonic) Reality
Authors: Chattopadhyay Budhaditya
Published: January 2022

The second chapter titled Sonic trajectories consists of three broad sub chapters that investigate the technological trajectories of sound practices and conceptualises the use of ambient sound from optical recording to the contemporary digital realm. By historicising the developments in the use of ambient sound through different intersecting phases of optical recording and monaural mixing, magnetic recording and stereophonic mixing, digital sync recording and surround design, the second chapter demarcates, rationalises and historicises the primary eras of sound production. Each of these sub chapters mentions specific film and media art examples from global film and media as historical markers in sound production. The chapter also provides a comparative analysis of global film industries in their working with sound; and various concurrent practices that were emerging from local cultures despite colonial pressures and influence of the Hollywood norms and techniques. The chapter helps to put in context ambient sound use within a historical framework of American, European and Asian cinemas.
8 Land, Field, Meadow
Authors: Chattopadhyay Budhaditya
Published: January 2022

The third chapter consists of nine smaller sub chapters that discuss relevant sequences from film and sound/media artworks where generic sites (e.g. land, field, meadow; forest, jungle; village, rural environment; indoors; riverbank, beach, island; street, public squares, urban neighbourhood; public transport; airport; underwater, outer space) are the specific settings for narration or the select sites for recording and documenting sound for site-aware artwork. Critical listening is employed to analyse relevant passages from a number of films and representative artworks developed from specific sites. The critical listening and reflective analysis of these artworks shed light on the artistic transformation of ambient sounds recorded from select sites producing what will be termed ‘manufactured presence’ and ‘poetic presence’ in the spatial experiences of films and media artworks, respectively. These works are studied thoroughly to understand the strategies employed in their production of ambient sound as a specific component evoking a sense of presence and embodied experience, whereby the rich sonic environments of the sites are mediated, transformed and modified to form augmented atmospheres that satisfy different storytelling and artistic production tastes and approaches.
15 Airport
Authors: Chattopadhyay Budhaditya
Published: January 2022

The airport is a site of perpetual movement, punctuated by awkward periods of waiting, inclined towards an insular private way of being in an essentially public space. Such a public site is usually built with large metallic pillars and transparent glass panels on which the empty face of a nomadic passenger may fall and be distorted. Voices slip away and are rendered redundant. A gentrified lounge has no odour. Rows of metallic doors open and shut silently. Elevators go up and down carrying tired travellers keen to rest for a little while. Instructions appear on large LED screens. The lack of curiosity on the faces of itinerant travellers breeds social alienation. Moments of interest in an unknown other evaporate as the gentle automated announcement makes people aware that the time to leave is approaching. The sounds of escalators echo aimlessly along grey walls and ceiling skylights. Reclining figures and their organised belongings keep changing places. A vacant seat doesn’t remain empty for long – someone soon appears with an expressionless face and occupies the void. The felt vibrations of digital devices are mutually enticing. They converse, create intimacy and merge orgiastically to render the networked resonance a machine vision. This is the generic sonic environment of a typical airport. There are many similarities between the world’s largest airports, irrespective of dissimilarities between the languages used for announcements, built structures, background muzak, etc. A sonic environment of similar aural perspectives makes them uniform – all sounds, including human and automated voices, machinery, footsteps and baggage trolleys, coalesce with one another in an amalgamated futuristic atmosphere, within ...