bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advantages of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Damping Improvement of Turbine Blading
Authors: Moneta Grzegorz , Fedasz Michal , Szmidt Michal , Cieslak Slawomir , Krzymien Wieslaw
Published: January 2023

Classical turbine blade design philosophy assumes so-called resonance-free dynamic solution (avoiding resonances for characteristic rotational speeds) achieved by eigenfrequency tunning. To meet current market demands, modern engines need: to operate with higher load, operate at higher firing temperatures, to startup and shutdown faster and more frequently. Therefore, the rotating blade must be more often designed as the resonance-proof component under circumstances of the variable rotational speed and varying thermal conditions. A century of turbine engine development has provided many solutions for improvement of High Cycle Fatigue lifetime of the blading. One of them is damping optimization through advanced design of parts. There are few main damping mechanisms occurring during blade vibrations: material damping, aerodynamical damping (usually below 0.3%) and frictional damping (depending on the design). Nowadays, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) and especially Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) allow to manufacture multifunctional and complex components with high structural integrity and extended lifetime. An example of uncooled turbine blade design of a jet engine has been studied. Two designs have been modelled and manufactured using LPBF technology: a baseline design (‘Solid Blade’) and a new design where the airfoil was filled with a matrix of pockets with pins and lattice bars surrounded by non-fused powder (‘Lattice Blade’). Then, the damping ratio has been assessed for both designs using electrodynamic shaker tests — the response was measured by laser vibrometer. Except material damping occurring in the baseline design, the new sophisticated design has additional damping mechanisms: the wave propagates through different media (changes of wave propagation speed, wave reflections), energy dissipates in the non-fused metal powder (friction between powder particles), solid pins in the pockets vibrate independently (act as dynamic dampers and improve energy dissipation in the powder), lattice bars in the pockets transfer the vibration wave to the powder (activate energy dissipation in the whole volume of the non-fused powder). The results of shaker tests show significant damping ratio increase for all investigated modes in this study — comparable to such damping features like friction under-platform dampers and damping bolts. Additionally, the LPBF approach has a multi-functional character — except significant improvement of damping ratio, the mass can be reduced (in this case decreased by about 6%), eigenfrequency can be tuned to avoid resonance, the stress concentration factors can be reduced (which is planned for next studies), etc. The proposed new design has not been optimized so far, giving wide margin for further improvements of the damping performance.
Extensive field evidence for the release of HONO from the photolysis of nitrate aerosols
Authors: Andersen Simone T. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Reed Chris , Lee James D. , Chance Rosie , Sherwen Tomás , Vaughan Adam R. , Stewart Jordan , Edwards Pete M. , Bloss William J. , Sommariva Roberto , Crilley Leigh R. , Nott Graeme J. , Neves Luis , Read Katie , Heard Dwayne E. , Seakins Paul W. , Whalley Lisa K. , Boustead Graham A. , Fleming Lauren T. , Stone Daniel , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga
Published: January 2023

Particulate nitrate (

pNO

3
−

) has long been considered a permanent sink for NO

x

(NO and NO
2
), removing a gaseous pollutant that is central to air quality and that influences the global self-cleansing capacity of the atmosphere. Evidence is emerging that photolysis of

pNO

3
−

can recycle HONO and NO

x

back to the gas phase with potentially important implications for tropospheric ozone and OH budgets; however, there are substantial discrepancies in “renoxification” photolysis rate constants. Using aircraft and ground-based HONO observations in the remote Atlantic troposphere, we show evidence for renoxification occurring on mixed marine aerosols with an efficiency that increases with relative humidity and decreases with the concentration of

pNO

3
−

, thus largely reconciling the very large discrepancies in renoxification photolysis rate constants found across multiple laboratory and field studies. Active release of HONO from aerosol has important implications for atmospheric oxidants such as OH and O
3
in both polluted and clean environments.
Long-term rise in riverine dissolved organic carbon concentration is predicted by electrolyte solubility theory
Authors: Monteith Donald T. , Henrys Peter A. , Hruška Jakub , de Wit Heleen A. , Krám Pavel , Moldan Filip , Posch Maximilian , Räike Antti , Stoddard John L. , Shilland Ewan M. , Pereira M. Gloria , Evans Chris D.
Published: January 2023

The riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux is of similar magnitude to the terrestrial sink for atmospheric CO
2
, but the factors controlling it remain poorly determined and are largely absent from Earth system models (ESMs). Here, we show, for a range of European headwater catchments, that electrolyte solubility theory explains how declining precipitation ionic strength (IS) has increased the dissolution of thermally moderated pools of soluble soil organic matter (OM), while hydrological conditions govern the proportion of this OM entering the aquatic system. Solubility will continue to rise exponentially with declining IS until pollutant ion deposition fully flattens out under clean air policies. Future DOC export will increasingly depend on rates of warming and any directional changes to the intensity and seasonality of precipitation and marine ion deposition. Our findings provide a firm foundation for incorporating the processes dominating change in this component of the global carbon cycle in ESMs.
Boosting the impact of charitable giving with donation bundling and micromatching
Authors: Caviola Lucius , Greene Joshua D.
Published: January 2023

The most effective charities are hundreds of times more impactful than typical charities. However, most donors favor charities with personal/emotional appeal over effectiveness. We gave donors the option to split their donations between their personal favorite charity and an expert-recommended highly effective charity. This bundling technique increased donors’ impact without undermining their altruistic motivation, boosting effective donations by 76%. An additional boost of 55% was achieved by offering matching donations with increasing rates for allocating more to the highly effective charity. We show further that matching funds can be provided by donors focused on effectiveness through a self-sustaining process of micromatching. We applied these techniques in a new online donation platform (
GivingMultiplier.org
), which fundraised more than $1.5 million in its first 14 months. While prior applied research on altruism has focused on the quantity of giving, the present results demonstrate the value of focusing on the effectiveness of altruistic behavior.
An Overview of Diverse Strategies To Inactivate
Enterobacteriaceae
-Targeting Bacteriophages
Authors: Raza Sada , Wdowiak Mateusz , Paczesny Jan
Published: January 2023

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and thus threaten industrial processes relying on the production executed by bacterial cells. Industries bear huge economic losses due to such recurring and resilient infections.
Resistance To Poxvirus Lethality Does Not Require the Necroptosis Proteins RIPK3 or MLKL
Authors: Montoya Brian , Knudson Cory J. , Melo-Silva Carolina R. , Tang Lingjuan , Kafle Samita , Sigal Luis J.
Published: January 2023

The molecules RIPK3 and MLKL are required for necroptotic cell death, which is widely thought of as an antiviral mechanism. Here we show that C57BL/6 (B6) mice deficient in RIPK3 or MLKL are as susceptible as WT B6 mice to ECTV lethality after a low-dose intraperitoneal infection and are as resistant as WT B6 mice after ECTV infection through the natural footpad route.
De Novo
Genome Sequencing and Assembly of Rhodosporidium toruloides Strain Δdao1e
Authors: Guo Xiao , Shi Shuobo
Published: January 2023

Rhodosporidium toruloides
is an important industrial strain with high oil production. Here, we report the
de novo
sequencing of
R. toruloides
strain Δdao1e, which was derived from
R. toruloides
strain ATCC 10657, by combining sequencing results from the Illumina and PacBio Sequel platforms.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Lytic Phages of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Wastewater in Ecuador
Authors: Parra Manuela , Bayas-Rea Rosa de los Ángeles , Guerrero Teresa , Torres Stuart , D’Auria Giuseppe , Reyes-Prieto Mariana , Zapata Sonia
Published: January 2023

Salmonella enterica
is one of the most common causes of foodborne diseases. Bacteriophages provide an option to reduce the presence of
Salmonella
. Here, we describe the isolation of two lytic
Salmonella
bacteriophages. The complete genomes were annotated and show similarity to that of the lytic phage NBSal001, in the
Drexlerviridae
family.
Deep6: Classification of Metatranscriptomic Sequences into Cellular Empires and Viral Realms Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Finke Jan F. , Kellogg Colleen T.E. , Suttle Curtis A.
Published: January 2023

Deep6 is a deep learning model that classifies metatranscriptomic sequences as short as 250 nucleotides into prokaryotes, eukaryotes, or one of the four viral realms, using a reference-independent and alignment-free approach. Average accuracies range from 0.87 to 0.97, depending on sequence length.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Salmonella Strains Obtained from a Poultry Production Farm in Thailand
Authors: Arigul Tantip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wankaew Natnicha , Vespirom Juthatip , Thuamkaew Phatcharaporn , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Ledlod Sudarat
Published: January 2023

Here, we report three complete circular genome sequences of
Salmonella enterica
SalSpp07, SalSpp08, and SalSpp09, which were isolated from chicken meat and skin during quality control on the production line. The genomes were closed using a hybrid assembly method with short and long sequencing reads.
Complete Genome Sequences of 14 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Type Strains
Authors: Igarashi Yuriko , Osugi Asami , Murase Yoshiro , Chikamatsu Kinuyo , Shimomura Yoshiko , Hosoya Makiko , Aono Akio , Morishige Yuta , Yamada Hiroyuki , Takaki Akiko , Mitarai Satoshi
Published: January 2023

Here, we present the complete genome sequences of 14 nontuberculous mycobacteria type strains. The addition of type strain data may provide a concrete basis for further research.
What Lies Beneath? Taking the Plunge into the Murky Waters of Phage Biology
Authors: Zünd Mirjam , Dunham Sage J. B. , Rothman Jason A. , Whiteson Katrine L.
Published: January 2023

The sequence revolution revealed that bacteria-infecting viruses, known as phages, are Earth’s most abundant biological entities. Phages have far-reaching impacts on the form and function of microbial communities and play a fundamental role in ecological processes.
Development of a Universal Cloning System for Reverse Genetics of Human Enteroviruses
Authors: Choi Won-Suk , Oh Sol , Antigua Khristine Joy C. , Jeong Ju Hwan , Kim Beom Kyu , Yun Yu Soo , Kang Da Hyeon , Min Seong Cheol , Lim Byung-Kwan , Kim Won Seop , Lee Ji-Hyuk , Kim Eung-Gook , Choi Young Ki , Baek Yun Hee , Song Min-Suk
Published: January 2023

Due to the broad spread, incidence, and genetic divergence of enteroviruses (EVs), it has been challenging to deal with this virus that causes severe human diseases, including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Therefore, an efficient and universal cloning system for the reverse genetics of highly divergent EVs contributes to an understanding of the viral pathology and molecular mechanisms of evolution.
Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary at the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in El Kef, Tunisia: New insights from the El Kef Coring Project
Authors: Jones Heather L. , Westerhold Thomas , Birch Heather , Hull Pincelli , Hédi Negra M. , Röhl Ursula , Sepúlveda Julio , Vellekoop Johan , Whiteside Jessica H. , Alegret Laia , Henehan Michael , Robinson Libby , van Dijk Joep , Bralower Timothy
Published: January 2023

The Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary is marked by one of the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history, with geological evidence for this event being expressed in hundreds of locations worldwide. An extensively studied section located near El Kef, northwestern Tunisia, is characterized by the classic iridium-rich K/Pg boundary layer, abundant and well-preserved microfossils, and apparently continuous sedimentation throughout the early Danian with no previously described structural complication. These features led to its designation in 1991 as the Global Stratigraphic Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Danian (i.e., the K/Pg boundary). However, the outcrop section has become weathered, and the “golden spike” marking the GSSP is difficult to locate. Therefore, the El Kef Coring Project aimed to provide a continuous record of unweathered sediments across the K/Pg transition in cores recovered from five rotary-drilled holes located close to the El Kef GSSP. Here, we present new, high-resolution lithologic, biostratigraphic, and geochemical data from these cores. The recovered stratigraphic successions of each hole (all drilled within ∼75 m of one another) are unexpectedly different, and we identified a formerly unknown unconformity within planktic foraminiferal biozone P1b. Our results provide evidence that sedimentation at El Kef was not as continuous or free from structural complication as previously thought. Despite these challenges, we present a new composite section from the five El Kef holes and an age model correlated to the orbitally tuned record at Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean, which is critical in placing the paleoenvironmental and paleoecological records from El Kef in a global context.
Supplemental Material: Interactions of magmatic intrusions with the multiyear flank instability at Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: Insights from InSAR and analogue modeling
Authors: Zorn Edgar U. , al. et
Published: January 2023

Method details and supplementary figures. 
Supplemental Material: Melting of fault gouge at shallow depth during the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Haibing , al. et
Published: January 2023

Additional information about the surface rupture zones, sample collection and preparation, compositions of the fault rocks, friction experiments, and dissolution simulation of the pseudotachylyte. 
Adsorption of Na Monolayer on Graphene Covered Pt(111) Substrate
Authors: Gogina A. A. , Tarasov A. V. , Eryzhenkov A. V. , Rybkin A. G. , Shikin A. M. , Filianina M. , Klimovskikh I. I.
Published: January 2023

Modification of graphene electronic properties via contact with atoms of different kind allows for designing a number of functional post-silicon electronic devices. Specifically, 2D metallic layer formation over graphene is a promising approach to improving the electronic properties of graphene-based systems. In this work we analyse the electronic and spin structure of graphene synthesized on Pt(111) after sodium monolayer adsorption by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Here, we show that sodium layer formation leads to a shift of the graphene π states towards higher binding energies, but the most intriguing property of the studied system is the appearance of a partially spin-polarized Kanji symbol-like feature resembling the graphene Dirac cone in the electronic structure of adsorbed sodium. Our findings reveal that this structure is caused by a strong interaction between Na orbitals and Pt $$5d$$ spin-polarized states, where the graphene monolayer between them serves as a mediator of such interaction.
Barriers and facilitators to continuity and co-ordination of healthcare for under 18 years old: a systematic review
Authors: Navein Alice , Gonzalez-Viana Eva , Mehmeti Agnesa , Hargreaves Dougal , Elvins Rachel , Churchill Richard
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine views and experiences of babies, children and young people relating to continuity of their healthcare.

Design

Qualitative systematic review.

Setting

Primary research from UK settings where NHS-commissioned or local authority-commissioned healthcare is provided. Systematic reviews from UK and non-UK high-income countries.

Population

Babies, children and young people under 18 years old with experience of healthcare. Parental and/or carer perspectives only included if children are under 5 years old or unable to express their own view.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main outcome measures

Thematic analysis of the benefits and facilitators to continuity of care for babies, children and young people.

Results

20 047 abstracts were screened; 186 full-text articles were reviewed; 11 papers fulfilled the review criteria. From these, four main themes and 14 subthemes were identified. The theme ‘individuals’ had four subthemes: ‘knowledge of healthcare system’, ‘support’, ‘personal lives’ and ‘results’. The theme ‘healthcare professionals’ had four subthemes: ‘interservice communication’, ‘collaboration with babies, children and young people’, ‘communications’ and ‘relationships with healthcare professionals’. The theme ‘practical’ had four subthemes: ‘colocation’, ‘appointment times’, ‘referrals’ and ‘waiting times’. The theme ‘technological’ had two subthemes: ‘ease of use’ and ‘complements current healthcare management’.

Conclusions

Continuity of healthcare for babies, children and young people can enhance clinical outcomes but requires active facilitation by healthcare providers and services, especially in circumstances where individuals or their families are less able to advocate for themselves. A range of barriers and facilitators were identified together with recommendations for enhancing continuity of care.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019145566.
Survey of transfusion practices in preterm infants in Europe
Authors: Scrivens Alexandra , Reibel Nora Johanna , Heeger Lisanne , Stanworth Simon , Lopriore Enrico , New Helen V , Dame Christof , Fijnvandraat Karin , Deschmann Emöke , Aguar Marta , Brække Kristin , Cardona Francesco Stefano , Cools Filip , Farrugia Ryan , Ghirardello Stefano , Lozar Jana , Matasova Katarina , Muehlbacher Tobias , Sankilampi Ulla , Soares Henrique , Szabo Miklos , Szczapa Tomasz , Zaharie Gabriela , Roehr Charles Christoph , Fustolo-Gunnink Suzanne
Published: January 2023

Background

Preterm infants commonly receive red blood cell (RBC), platelet and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. The aim of this Neonatal Transfusion Network survey was to describe current transfusion practices in Europe and to compare our findings to three recent randomised controlled trials to understand how clinical practice relates to the trial data.

Methods

From October to December 2020, we performed an online survey among 597 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) caring for infants with a gestational age (GA) of <32 weeks in 18 European countries.

Results

Responses from 343 NICUs (response rate: 57%) are presented and showed substantial variation in clinical practice. For RBC transfusions, 70% of NICUs transfused at thresholds above the restrictive thresholds tested in the recent trials and 22% below the restrictive thresholds. For platelet transfusions, 57% of NICUs transfused at platelet count thresholds above 25×109/L in non-bleeding infants of GA of <28 weeks, while the 25×109/L threshold was associated with a lower risk of harm in a recent trial. FFP transfusions were administered for coagulopathy without active bleeding in 39% and for hypotension in 25% of NICUs. Transfusion volume, duration and rate varied by factors up to several folds between NICUs.

Conclusions

Transfusion thresholds and aspects of administration vary widely across European NICUs. In general, transfusion thresholds used tend to be more liberal compared with data from recent trials supporting the use of more restrictive thresholds. Further research is needed to identify the barriers and enablers to incorporation of recent trial findings into neonatal transfusion practice.
Usefulness of selective percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using renal echo for a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis and chronic renal failure
Authors: Matsuura Tomohiro , Tsuda Shigeyasu
Published: January 2023

A man in his 70s visited the hospital for chronic kidney disease with hypertension. He had anuria for several days before visiting the hospital. His creatinine level rose to 8.97 mg/dL (from 3 mg/dL) and his systemic blood pressure increased to 183 mm Hg. Other uraemic symptoms were also observed, and he was therefore admitted to the hospital and started continuous haemodiafiltration. MRI and angiography showed a highly stenotic lesion with calcification at the origin of the renal artery; a CT scan showed atrophy of the left kidney. Renal Doppler ultrasonography was performed and renal resistive indexes were: 0.92 for the left kidney and 0.68 for the right kidney. The viability of the right kidney was thought to be maintained, and percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) for the right renal artery stenosis was performed; his creatinine level improved (3 mg/dL) and his systolic blood pressure decreased (120 mm Hg). We implanted a stent on the right stenotic lesion and the right renal artery blood flow improved. We experienced an effective PTRA for the right renal artery for bilateral renal artery stenosis. Although the indications of PTRA for renal artery stenosis are limited, the evaluation of renal function using ultrasonography could be a useful index for determining the culprit lesion.
The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0–3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data
Authors: McCray Gareth , McCoy Dana , Kariger Patricia , Janus Magdalena , Black Maureen M , Chang Susan M , Tofail Fahmida , Eekhout Iris , Waldman Marcus , van Buuren Stef , Khanam Rasheda , Sazawal Sunil , Nizar Ambreen , Schönbeck Yvonne , Zongo Arsène , Brentani Alexandra , Zhang Yunting , Dua Tarun , Cavallera Vanessa , Raikes Abbie , Weber Ann M , Bromley Kieran , Baqui Abdullah , Dutta Arunangshu , Nisar Imran , Detmar Symone B , Anago Romuald , Mercadante Pacifico , Jiang Fan , Kaur Raghbir , Hepworth Katelyn , Rubio-Codina Marta , Kembou Samuel N , Ahmed Salahuddin , Lancaster Gill A , Gladstone Melissa
Published: January 2023

Introduction

With the ratification of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is an increased emphasis on early childhood development (ECD) and well-being. The WHO led Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) project aims to provide population and programmatic level measures of ECD for 0–3 years that are valid, reliable and have psychometrically stable performance across geographical, cultural and language contexts. This paper reports on the creation of two measures: (1) the GSED Short Form (GSED-SF)—a caregiver reported measure for population-evaluation—self-administered with no training required and (2) the GSED Long Form (GSED-LF)—a directly administered/observed measure for programmatic evaluation—administered by a trained professional.

Methods

We selected 807 psychometrically best-performing items using a Rasch measurement model from an ECD measurement databank which comprised 66 075 children assessed on 2211 items from 18 ECD measures in 32 countries. From 766 of these items, in-depth subject matter expert judgements were gathered to inform final item selection. Specifically collected were data on (1) conceptual matches between pairs of items originating from different measures, (2) developmental domain(s) measured by each item and (3) perceptions of feasibility of administration of each item in diverse contexts. Prototypes were finalised through a combination of psychometric performance evaluation and expert consensus to optimally identify items.

Results

We created the GSED-SF (139 items) and GSED-LF (157 items) for tablet-based and paper-based assessments, with an optimal set of items that fit the Rasch model, met subject matter expert criteria, avoided conceptual overlap, covered multiple domains of child development and were feasible to implement across diverse settings.

Conclusions

State-of-the-art quantitative and qualitative procedures were used to select of theoretically relevant and globally feasible items representing child development for children aged 0–3 years. GSED-SF and GSED-LF will be piloted and validated in children across diverse cultural, demographic, social and language contexts for global use.
Expression and correlation of PD-L1 and HER2 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rong Lulu , Zhao Hongying , Li Yunlong , Jin Mulan , Lu Jun
Published: January 2023

Aims

In recent years, patients with programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been able to benefit from immunotherapy. However, method for improving the treatment efficacy of PD-L1-positive patients is a problem that needs further consideration. Studies on the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and PD-L1 expression have recently been reported in certain cancers, but the relationship between PD-L1 and HER2 expression in OSCC is still unclear.

Methods

A total of 263 patients with OSCC were included in the study. PD-L1 protein expression and HER2 protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed to assessHER2gene amplification. The significance of differences between HER2 status, PD-L1 status and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. The relationship between PD-L1 status and HER2 status was examined.

Results

Of the 263 OSCC cases, the PD-L1-positive expression rates were 39.2% and 77.2% in OSCC for Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS), respectively, and PD-L1 expression was associated with the degree of tumour differentiation. The HER2 expression was positive in 24% (63/263) of cases based on IHC and FISH. HER2 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics. PD-L1 TPS expression and CPS expression were significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC.

Conclusions

PD-L1 expression was significantly positively correlated with HER2 expression in OSCC. The results provide valuable insight for the future application of HER2-targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in OSCC.
GSNgene frameshift mutations in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jiang Yaling , Wan Meidan , Xiao XueWen , Lin Zhuojie , Liu Xixi , Zhou Yafang , Liao Xinxin , Lin Jingyi , Zhou Hui , Zhou Lu , Weng Ling , Wang Junling , Guo Jifeng , Jiang Hong , Zhang Zhuohua , Xia Kun , Li Jiada , Tang Beisha , Jiao Bin , Shen Lu
Published: January 2023

Background

The pathogenic missense mutations of the gelsolin (GSN) gene lead to familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF); however, our previous study identifiedGSNframeshift mutations existed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TheGSNgenotype–phenotype heterogeneity and the role ofGSNframeshift mutations in patients with AD are unclear.

Method

In total, 1192 patients with AD and 1403 controls were screened through whole genome sequencing, and 884 patients with AD were enrolled for validation. Effects ofGSNmutations were evaluated in vitro. GSN, Aβ42, Aβ40 and Aβ42/40 were detected in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Results

Six patients with AD withGSNP3fs and K346fs mutations (0.50%, 6/1192) were identified, who were diagnosed with AD but not FAF. In addition, 13 patients with AD withGSNframeshift mutations were found in the validation cohort (1.47%, 13/884). Further in vitro experiments showed that both K346fs and P3fs mutations led to theGSNloss of function in inhibiting Aβ-induced toxicity. Moreover, a higher level of plasma (p=0.001) and CSF (p=0.005) GSN was observed in AD cases than controls, and a positive correlation was found between the CSF GSN and CSF Aβ42 (r=0.289, p=0.009). Besides, the GSN level was initially increasing and then decreasing with the disease course and cognitive decline.

Conclusions

GSNframeshift mutations may be associated with AD. An increase in plasma GSN is probably a compensatory reaction in AD, which is a potential biomarker for early AD.
Using Theia Trace Viewer to Visualize JPF Traces
Authors: Besseling Johan , Artho Cyrille
Published: January 2023

Java Pathfinder (JPF) is currently the most feature-rich platform for an in-depth analysis of programs that run on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). However, using JPF and interpreting its results is a challenge. Dependencies on specific Java versions inhibit the adoption of JPF, and its textual output makes it hard to understand its analysis results. To this end, we present the Theia Trace Viewer (TTV) for JPF traces, which features a web-based graphical user interface. It does not only make it easier to get an overview of JPF traces, but it can visualize traces without requiring an installation on the client side, thus making JPF more accessible at the technical level as well. We evaluated TTV with several groups of users, showing the potential of our approach.
Exploring the Essence of Continuous Experimentation
Authors: Lehtelä Bettina
Published: January 2023

Context: Today's software industry is faced with rapidly changing requirements and high expectations from customers and users. Agile software development with a focus on rapid and frequent product deployment to end-users calls for equally continuous feedback acquisition, guiding software design and supporting evidencebased product development decisions. For keeping pace and succeeding on the highly competitive software market it is essential for companies to quickly and reliably evaluate their ideas based on real usage experiences in a natural context. This can be enabled using Continuous Experimentation (CE) - an approach to close the feedback cycle and tightly integrate the empirical evaluation of new features into the software development process. Objectives: With this project I aim at creating an understanding of CE as practiced and theorised today. Furthermore, my goal is to identify the smallest set of prerequisites for successfully implementing systematic experimentation practices into companies' software development process. I want to find solutions for companies to adopt CE as most suitable to their product stage, process maturity, and available resources; and enable organisations to systematically run experiments for data-driven decision-making. Methods: In addition to a currently on-going multivocal literature review, the project will involve empirical studies following a design science approach. Starting with a practitioner survey or interview, and a pilot case study for finding both, the typical hurdles encountered and the minimum requirements needed to apply CE in any company, the project will transition into an iterative multiple-case study, where proposed solutions are to be evaluated. Conclusions: The proposed doctoral research project will contribute to an increased understanding of systematic experimentation practices in different organisational settings, and strives for providing actionable solutions for enabling more flexible software development which can quickly react to feedback gained through experimentation, as well as an evaluation of these suggested solutions. Especially, this project aims at the creation of an easy-to-adopt approach called light-weight CE, which allows also companies with few resources or projects involving an earlystage product to benefit from the advantages of CE.
Towards Unveiling Effects Of Human Factors Within Security Risk Assessment
Authors: Mbaka Winnie
Published: January 2023

[Background:] Security-by-design techniques (e.g., STRIDE) are used to elicit system threats before they are exploited. Since security threat assessment is performed on a conceptualised model of the system under analysis, human expertise is relied upon to exhaustively elicit all possible threats. To this end, the outcomes of threat analysis depend on the individual actors involved in the process. However, human expertise can be biased depending on certain or a combination of human factors. [Goal:] With this work, we aim to unveil the effect (if any) of human factors (e.g., gender, age, seniority, educational background, nationality) to security risk assessment. [Method:] To contribute to this body of knowledge, we are conducting a state-of-the-art literature review and several experiments with human participants (experts and non-experts) in the domain of security and risk assessment. First, the topic and technical domain are described in general. Second, preliminary results of the on-going literature review are presented. Finally, a research plan is described including research questions, treatment, and participant recruitment.
MaLTeSQuE 2022 Workshop Summary
Authors: Cordy Maxime , Xie Xiaofei , Xu Bowen , Stamatia Bibi
Published: January 2023

Welcome to the sixth edition of the workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation (MaLTeSQuE 2022), held in Singapore, November 18th, 2022, co-located with ESEC / FSE 2022 [1]. Six papers from all over the world were submitted, five of them were accepted. The program also featured two keynotes by Yuriy Brun on the promise and perils of using machine learning when engineering software and Mike Papadakis on the best practices in assessment of deep learning testing methods.
Software Engineering Education for the Next Generation SEENG 2022 Workshop Report
Authors: Krusche Stephan , Tenbergen Bastian
Published: January 2023

The 4th International Workshop on Software Engineering Education for the Next Generation was held remotely on May 17, 2022. The workshop was part of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering. It specifically supported the general theme of "Educating the Next Generation of Software Engineers". Building on its predecessors, the workshop used a highly interactive format, structured around eight short paper presentations to generate discussion topics, an activity to select the most interesting topics, and structured breakout sessions. This enabled the participants to discuss the most interesting topics in detail. Participants presented the results of the breakout sessions using mind maps.
Hardware Trojan Detection Using Machine Learning: A Tutorial
Authors: Gubbi Kevin Immanuel , Saber Latibari Banafsheh , Srikanth Anirudh , Sheaves Tyler , Beheshti-Shirazi Sayed Arash , PD Sai Manoj , Rafatirad Satareh , Sasan Avesta , Homayoun Houman , Salehi Soheil
Published: January 2023

With the growth and globalization of IC design and development, there is an increase in the number of Designers and Design houses. As setting up a fabrication facility may easily cost upwards of $20 billion, costs for advanced nodes may be even greater. IC design houses that cannot produce their chips in-house have no option but to use external foundries that are often in other countries. Establishing trust with these external foundries can be a challenge, and these foundries are assumed to be untrusted. The use of these untrusted foundries in the global semiconductor supply chain has raised concerns about the security of the fabricated ICs targeted for sensitive applications. One of these security threats is the adversarial infestation of fabricated ICs with a
Hardware Trojan (HT)
. An HT can be broadly described as a malicious modification to a circuit to control, modify, disable, or monitor its logic. Conventional VLSI manufacturing tests and verification methods fail to detect HT due to the different and un-modeled nature of these malicious modifications. Current state-of-the-art HT detection methods utilize statistical analysis of various side-channel information collected from ICs, such as power analysis, power supply transient analysis, regional supply current analysis, temperature analysis, wireless transmission power analysis, and delay analysis. To detect HTs, most methods require a Trojan-free reference golden IC. A signature from these golden ICs is extracted and used to detect ICs with HTs. However, access to a golden IC is not always feasible. Thus, a mechanism for HT detection is sought that does not require the golden IC.
Machine Learning (ML)
approaches have emerged to be extremely useful in helping eliminate the need for a golden IC. Recent works on utilizing ML for HT detection have been shown to be promising in achieving this goal. Thus, in this tutorial, we will explain utilizing ML as a solution to the challenge of HT detection. Additionally, we will describe the
Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
tool flow for automating ML-assisted HT detection. Moreover, to further discuss the benefits of ML-assisted HT detection solutions, we will demonstrate a
Neural Network (NN)
-assisted timing profiling method for HT detection. Finally, we will discuss the shortcomings and open challenges of ML-assisted HT detection methods.
Performance Bug Analysis and Detection for Distributed Storage and Computing Systems
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhang Yiming , Lu Shan , Gunawi Haryadi S. , Gu Xiaohui , Huang Feng , Li Dongsheng
Published: January 2023

This article systematically studies 99 distributed performance bugs from five widely deployed distributed storage and computing systems (Cassandra, HBase, HDFS, Hadoop MapReduce and ZooKeeper). We present the
TaxPerf
database, which collectively organizes the analysis results as over 400 classification labels and over 2,500 lines of bug re-description. TaxPerf is classified into six bug categories (and 18 bug subcategories) by their root causes; resource, blocking, synchronization, optimization, configuration, and logic. TaxPerf can be used as a benchmark for performance bug studies and debug tool designs. Although it is impractical to automatically detect all categories of performance bugs in TaxPerf, we find that an important category of blocking bugs can be effectively solved by analysis tools. We analyze the cascading nature of blocking bugs and design an automatic detection tool called
PCatch
, which (i) performs program analysis to identify code regions whose execution time can potentially increase dramatically with the workload size; (ii) adapts the traditional happens-before model to reason about software resource contention and performance dependency relationship; and (iii) uses dynamic tracking to identify whether the slowdown propagation is contained in one job. Evaluation shows that PCatch can accurately detect blocking bugs of representative distributed storage and computing systems by observing system executions under small-scale workloads.
Differentially Private Release of Heterogeneous Network for Managing Healthcare Data
Authors: Khokhar Rashid Hussain , Fung Benjamin C. M. , Iqbal Farkhund , Al-Hussaeni Khalil , Hussain Mohammed
Published: January 2023

With the increasing adoption of digital health platforms through mobile apps and online services, people have greater flexibility connecting with medical practitioners, pharmacists, and laboratories and accessing resources to manage their own health-related concerns. Many healthcare institutions are connecting with each other to facilitate the exchange of healthcare data, with the goal of effective healthcare data management. The contents generated over these platforms are often shared with third parties for a variety of purposes. However, sharing healthcare data comes with the potential risk of exposing patients’ sensitive information to privacy threats. In this article, we address the challenge of sharing healthcare data while protecting patients’ privacy. We first model a complex healthcare dataset using a heterogeneous information network that consists of multi-type entities and their relationships. We then propose
DiffHetNet
, an edge-based differentially private algorithm, to protect the sensitive links of patients from inbound and outbound attacks in the heterogeneous health network. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method in terms of information utility and efficiency on different types of real-life datasets that can be modeled as networks. Experimental results suggest that
DiffHetNet
generally yields less information loss and is significantly more efficient in terms of runtime in comparison with existing network anonymization methods. Furthermore,
DiffHetNet
is scalable to large network datasets.
Association of Radial Artery Access with Reduced Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Kietrsunthorn Patrick S. , Locklear Tonja M. , Fonner Clifford E. , Berzingi Chalak O. , Foerst Jason R. , Mirza Mohd A. , Sane David C. , Williams Eric , Shor Robert A. , Dehmer Gregory J.
Published: January 2023

Objectives. To determine if radial artery (RA) access compared with femoral artery (FA) access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a lower incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Background. AKI results in substantial morbidity and cost following PCI. Prior studies comparing the occurrence of AKI associated with radial artery (RA) versus femoral artery (FA) access have mixed results. Methods. Using a large state-wide database, 14,077 patients (8,539 with RA and 5,538 patents with FA access) were retrospectively compared to assess the occurrence of AKI following PCI. To reduce selection bias and balance clinical data across the two groups, a novel machine learning method called a Generalized Boosted Model was conducted on the arterial access site generating a weighted propensity score for each variable. A logistic regression analysis was then performed on the occurrence of AKI following PCI using the weighted propensity scores from the Generalized Boosted Model. Results. As shown in other studies, multiple variables were associated with an increase in AKI after PCI. Only RA access (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.74–0.91) and male gender (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.89) were associated with a lower occurrence of AKI. Based on the calculated Mehran scores, patients were stratified into groups with an increasing risk of AKI. RA access was consistently found to have a lower risk of AKI compared with FA access across these groups of increasing risk. Conclusions. Compared with FA access, RA access is associated with an 18% lower rate of AKI following PCI. This effect was observed among different levels of risk for developing AKI. Although developed from a retrospective analysis, this study supports the use of RA access when technically possible in a diverse group of patients.
Variational Autoencoders‐BasedSelf‐Learning Model for Tumor Identification and Impact Analysis from 2‐D MRI Images
Authors: Naga Srinivasu Parvathaneni , Krishna T. Balamurali , Ahmed Shakeel , Almusallam Naif , Khaled Alarfaj Fawaz , Allheeib Nasser
Published: January 2023

Over the past few years, a tremendous change has occurred in computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) technology. The evolution of numerous medical imaging techniques has enhanced the accuracy of the preliminary analysis of several diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prevalent technology extensively used in evaluating the progress of the spread of malignant tissues or abnormalities in the human body. This article aims to automate a computationally efficient mechanism that can accurately identify the tumor from MRI images and can analyze the impact of the tumor. The proposed model is robust enough to classify the tumors with minimal training data. The generative variational autoencoder models are efficient in reconstructing the images identical to the original images, which are used in adequately training the model. The proposed self‐learning algorithm can learn from the insights from the autogenerated images and the original images. Incorporating long short‐term memory (LSTM) is faster processing of the high dimensional imaging data, making the radiologist’s task and the practitioners more comfortable assessing the tumor’s progress. Self‐learning models need comparatively less data for the training, and the models are more resource efficient than the various state‐of‐art models. The efficiency of the proposed model has been assessed using various benchmark metrics, and the obtained results have exhibited an accuracy of 89.7%. The analysis of the progress of tumor growth is presented in the current study. The obtained accuracy is not pleasing in the healthcare domain, yet the model is reasonably fair in dealing with a smaller size dataset by making use of an image generation mechanism. The study would outline the role of an autoencoder in self‐learning models. Future technologies may include sturdy feature engineering models and optimized activation functions that would yield a better result.
In Vivo Evaluation of the Position and Orientation of the Geometric Axis of the Tibiotalar Joint
Authors: Yu Jian , Cao Shengxuan , Wang Chen , Zhao Dahang , Wang Shuo , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu , Ma Xin
Published: January 2023

Background. Fitting the surface morphology of the talar trochlea is one of the common methods to define the geometric axis of the tibiotalar joint (GATJ). However, the in vivo motion of such axis during gait has not been fully investigated. Methods. The ankle kinematic data of fifteen volunteers were collected by a dual fluoroscopic imaging system with a model-image registration method. The GATJ was defined by sphere-fitting the medial or lateral part of the trochlear surface of the talus. The position and orientation of this axis during gait were measured. To verify this axis, the distances of the feature points of the talus to the GATJ during gait were also measured. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the distances of feature points of the talus to the GATJ among the seven key poses of the gait cycle. And the position and orientation of the GATJ during gait also showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion. The GATJ is the axis about which the talus rotated. And it is one fixed axis during gait. The current finding may help the design of the talar component for total ankle replacement based on the surface morphology of the talar trochlea.
Safety Evaluation of Steel Temporary Beam Service Status Based on the Combination Weighting‐Fuzzy Model of Game Theory
Authors: Li Xiaozhong , Wang Jianshun , chen Xingchong , Sun Caiyun
Published: January 2023

The safe service state of railway steel girders directly affects the safety of frame bridge jacking and the operation of existing lines. For this reason, this paper first adopts a dynamic and static method to analyze the deflection, acceleration, and stress value of temporary steel beams, personnel factors, management factors, and environmental factors. In terms of factors, a safety evaluation index system for the service status of the beams is established, and then, the subjective and objective weights of the indicators are determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the coefficient of variation method. The combined weights of the indicators are calculated by introducing game theory. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to obtain the security level of the beam service status. The weight of the indicators that affects the safety of the service state of the beam and the order of risks can be obtained through the calculation. For the indicators ranked first, measures such as increasing the amount of monitoring can be prioritized to reduce the possibility of safety accidents in frame bridge jacking construction and existing line operation.