bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronotype and self-reported sleep, alertness, and mental health in U.S. sailors
Authors: Harrison Elizabeth M. , Easterling Alexandra P. , Schmied Emily A. , Hurtado Suzanne L. , Glickman Gena L.
Published: August 2021

Service members are at risk for sleep and psychological conditions affecting their readiness. Chronotype (“morningness” or “eveningness”) is strongly associated with sleep, health and performance. The objective of this study was to examine associations between validated measures of chronotype and sleep quality, daytime functioning, alertness, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in US service members (n = 298). Although predominantly young males (who skew toward eveningness in civilian populations), these Sailors skewed toward morningness (35.6% morning, 51.3% intermediate). Eveningness was associated with symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (P < 0.01), less time in bed (P < 0.05), more sleep disruption (P < 0.01), and poorer daytime functioning and alertness (P < 0.05). Evening types were less likely to consider sleep important for performance (P < 0.05). To maximize service member readiness, schedules should be aligned with endogenous rhythms, whenever possible, and evening chronotypes may benefit from targeted interventions. Chronotype should be examined alongside health and readiness in service members.
Hybrid membranes for the production of blood contacting surfaces: physicochemical, structural and biomechanical characterization
Authors: Todesco Martina , Zardin Carlo , Iop Laura , Palmosi Tiziana , Capaldo Pietro , Romanato Filippo , Gerosa Gino , Bagno Andrea
Published: August 2021

Background

Due to the shortage of organs’ donors that limits biological heart transplantations, mechanical circulatory supports can be implanted in case of refractory end-stage heart failure to replace partially (Ventricular Assist Device, VAD) or completely (Total Artificial Heart, TAH) the cardiac function. The hemocompatibility of mechanical circulatory supports is a fundamental issue that has not yet been fully matched; it mostly depends on the nature of blood-contacting surfaces.

Methods

In order to obtain hemocompatible materials, a pool of hybrid membranes was fabricated by coupling a synthetic polymer (polycarbonate urethane, commercially available in two formulations) with a decellularized biological tissue (porcine pericardium). To test their potential suitability as candidate materials for realizing the blood-contacting surfaces of a novel artificial heart, hybrid membranes have been preliminarily characterized in terms of physicochemical, structural and mechanical properties.

Results

Our results ascertained that the hybrid membranes are properly stratified, thus allowing to expose their biological side to blood and their polymeric surface to the actuation system of the intended device. From the biomechanical point of view, the hybrid membranes can withstand deformations up to more than 70 % and stresses up to around 8 MPa.

Conclusions

The hybrid membranes are suitable for the construction of the ventricular chambers of innovative mechanical circulatory support devices.
Trends in the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Sei-Woong , Kong Woo-Seok , Hwang Ga-Young , Koo Kyung Ah
Published: August 2021

In this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as the main causes of vulnerability and options for adaptation in these ecosystems based on a range of ecological and biogeographical data. To this end, we compiled a set of peer-reviewed papers published since 2014. We found that publication of climate-related studies on plants has decreased in the field of plant phenology and physiology, whereas such publication has rapidly increased in plant and animal community ecology, reflecting the range shifts and abundance change that are occurring under climate change. Plant phenology studies showed that climate change has increased growing seasons by advancing the timing of flowering and budburst while delaying the timing of leafing out. Community ecology studies indicated that the future ranges of cold-adapted plants and animals could shrink or shift toward northern and high-elevation areas, whereas the ranges of warm-adapted organisms could expand and/or shift toward the areas that the aforementioned cold-adapted biota previously occupied. This review provides useful information and new insights that will improve understanding of climate change effects on the ecosystems of Korea. Moreover, it will serve as a reference for policy-makers seeking to establish future sectoral adaptation options for protection against climate change.
Psychometric validation of the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Experience Scales (HPES)
Authors: Brod Meryl , McLeod Lori , Markova Denka , Gianettoni Jill , Mourya Sanchita , Lin Zhengning , Shu Aimee , Smith Alden
Published: August 2021

Background

Hypoparathyroidism (HP) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by absent or inappropriately low levels of circulating parathyroid hormone with associated significant physical and cognitive symptoms. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hypoparathyroidism Patient Experience Scales (HPES), which were developed as disease-specific, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess the symptoms and impacts associated with HP in adults.

Methods

Data from a non-interventional, observational study (N = 300) and a Phase 2 clinical trial (N = 59) were used in the psychometric evaluation. Observational and trial assessments included: an online validation battery (baseline or screening) and retest (approximately 2 weeks after baseline or screening). In the trial, the primary efficacy endpoint was assessed at week 4 through re-administration of the HPES and validation battery subset. The observational study’s larger sample size allowed for evaluation of the HPES descriptive properties, scoring algorithm, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The trial data examined responsiveness, meaningful within-patient change estimates, and treatment impact on HPES scores.

Results

Demographic and self-reported medical characteristics results were similar across the 2 studies. Factor analysis confirmed domains in the HPES-Symptom (n = 2) and HPES-Impact (n = 4). For both measures, total and domain scores demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for both the observational and trial samples. Internal consistency evidence was strong. Test-retest reliability estimates generally approached the recommended 0.70 threshold. The construct validity correlations with other PRO measures were mainly as hypothesized, thus supporting the HPES scores and constructs. Mean scores for both measures also differed as anticipated and significantly across known-groups, thus providing evidence for the scores discriminating between meaningful groups. Trial results supported both HPES total and domain scores’ ability to detect change. The difference in mean total and domain scores for both measures demonstrated statistically significant improvements for TransCon PTH compared to placebo treated subjects despite the small sample and a short 4-week duration on fixed, non-optimized doses.

Conclusions

The HPES were found to be conceptually sound with adequate evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Incorporation of the HPES into clinical and research settings will help to further elucidate and assess the patient experience of living with HP and identify treatment differences.
Flavonoid compounds of buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) as a potent SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor: in silico approach
Authors: Umar Abd. Kakhar
Published: August 2021

Background

COVID19 is a global pandemic that threatens all nations. As there is no effective antiviral drug for COVID19, we examined the potency of natural ingredients against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID 6YNQ). Buah merah is a typical fruit from Papua, Indonesia, which is known to contain high levels of carotenoids and flavonoids. The contents have been proven to be effective as antiparasitic and anti-HIV. An in silico approach to 16 metabolites of buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) was carried out using AutoDock Vina. Furthermore, the study of the dynamics of ligand–protein interactions was carried out using CABS Flex 2.0 server to determine the test ligand and receptor complexes' stability. ADMET prediction was also carried out to study the pharmacokinetic profile of potential antiviral candidates.

Result

The docking results showed that 3 of the 16 buah merah metabolites were potent inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The flavonoid compounds are quercetin 3′-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucose, and taxifolin 3-O-α-arabinopyranose with a binding affinity of − 9.7, − 9.3, and − 8.8, respectively, with stable ligand–protein complex. ADMET study shows that the three compounds are easily dissolved, easily absorbed orally and topically, have a high unbound fraction, low toxicity, and non-irritant.

Conclusion

We conclude that quercetin 3′-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucose, and taxifolin 3-O-α-arabinopyranose can be used and improved as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in further study.
Extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma of the oropharyx: case report
Authors: Abou-Halawa Ashraf Saad , Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan , Eid Mahmoud Hassan , Ahmed Mohamed Rifaat
Published: August 2021

Background

T cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract is a rare entity usually presenting as midfacial ulcerative lesion. It is extremely rare to present as non-healing erosive lesion of the oropharynx.

Case presentation

A 29-year-old female patient presented with odynophagia and trismus for several months. An “inflammatory” oropharyngeal ulcer was diagnosed and she was treated with repeated courses of antibiotics and corticosteroids without response. Recently, she had some blood stained saliva and vomited fresh blood. When seen, she had extensive painful ulcer eroding the right side of the soft palate and right tonsillar area. The ulcer had a whitish floor and ragged border without any tendency to heal. A second biopsy was taken and proved the lesion to be extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). The patient was treated with a modified SMILE (steroid, methotrexate, ifosfamide,l-asparaginase, and etoposide) protocol.

Conclusions

Extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma can manifest first in the oropharynx. If left untreated it may lead to deep erosive lesion and major oral bleeding. SMILE chemotherapy protocol was used in our patient with good early response.
H/D Isotope Effects in Keto-Enol Tautomerism of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds —Importance of Nuclear Quantum Effects of Hydrogen Nuclei—
Authors: Udagawa Taro , Murphy Rhys B , Darwish Tamim A , Tachikawa Masanori , Mori Seiji
Published: August 2021

Deuterium isotope effects in the keto-enol tautomerism of β-dicarbonyl compounds (malonaldehyde, acetylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, and avobenzone) have been studied using a B3LYP+D functional level of multi-component density functional theory (MC_DFT), which can directly take nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) of the hydrogen nuclei into account. We clearly show that the keto-enol energy difference becomes smaller by deuterium substitution, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental evidence. Our MC_DFT study also reveals the hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope effect in geometries and shows that the deuterium substitution weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded interaction in the enol form. Direct treatment of NQEs of hydrogen nuclei via the MC_DFT method is essential for analyzing the H/D isotope effect in keto-enol tautomerism of β-dicarbonyl compounds. Such isotope effects cannot be reproduced in the conventional DFT scheme with harmonic zero-point vibrational corrections.
Polyhedral Clinching Auctions for Two-Sided Markets
Authors: Hirai Hiroshi , Sato Ryosuke
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a new model and mechanisms for auctions in two-sided markets of buyers and sellers, where budget constraints are imposed on buyers. Our model incorporates polymatroidal environments and is applicable to a variety of models that include multiunit auctions, matching markets, and reservation exchange markets. Our mechanisms are built on the polymatroidal network flow model by Lawler and Martel. Additionally, they feature nice properties such as the incentive compatibility of buyers, individual rationality, Pareto optimality, and strong budget balance. The first mechanism is a two-sided generalization of the polyhedral clinching auction by Goel et al. for one-sided markets. The second mechanism is a reduce-to-recover algorithm that reduces the market to be one-sided, applies the polyhedral clinching auction by Goel et al., and lifts the resulting allocation to the original two-sided market via the polymatroidal network flow. Both mechanisms are implemented by polymatroid algorithms. We demonstrate how our framework is applied to the Internet display advertisement auctions.
Always Valid Inference: Continuous Monitoring of A/B Tests
Authors: Johari Ramesh , Koomen Pete , Pekelis Leonid , Walsh David
Published: August 2021

A/B tests are typically analyzed via frequentist p-values and confidence intervals, but these inferences are wholly unreliable if users endogenously choose samples sizes by continuously monitoring their tests. We define always valid p-values and confidence intervals that let users try to take advantage of data as fast as it becomes available, providing valid statistical inference whenever they make their decision. Always valid inference can be interpreted as a natural interface for a sequential hypothesis test, which empowers users to implement a modified test tailored to them. In particular, we show in an appropriate sense that the measures we develop trade off sample size and power efficiently, despite a lack of prior knowledge of the user’s relative preference between these two goals. We also use always valid p-values to obtain multiple hypothesis testing control in the sequential context. Our methodology has been implemented in a large-scale commercial A/B testing platform to analyze hundreds of thousands of experiments to date.
CORPUS LINGUISTICS PROJECT: SEEKING THE USE OF DEMONSTRATIVE IN SONGS WRITTEN BY EMINEM
Authors: Ussolichah Ana Nisa , Indra Arindi , Indriani Lilia
Published: August 2021

The object of this study is to identify the kinds of demonstrative that are used in the songs written by Eminem. In English, there is the word this, that, these, and those. Demonstratives are used to designate the place for an object, person, or thing and to indicate pronouns that have already been mentioned. The song contains lyrics and music. Songs can be used as an easy learning medium in learning a foreign language. In improving understanding of English about demonstrative, this research belongs to qualitative research to find out the dominant types of demonstrative that used in the songs by Eminem. The observation method is a method used by researchers to collect data, while the data collection technique is listening and analyzing the songs. The data obtained came from the songs contained in the album written by Eminem from 2009 to 2014. In this study, researchers looked for the most widely used demonstrative words in Eminem's song lyrics. There were 59 songs in the analysis and consisted of 5 albums. The use of demonstratives in the song is very much, especially the demonstrative "That". That is used to replace singular and uncountable nouns that are far away.
ANALYZING MAIN AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN THE WEVERSE MAGAZINE
Authors: Ariffani Amanda , Nopriyanti Irnella , Wulandari Shinta Desti
Published: August 2021

AbstractReading is activities that always do by EFL students; through reading, students can gain knowledge or get information from text like a printed textbook, E-book, magazine, article, news, and others. However, EFL students must understand what they read and the structural grammar of the text they already read. In grammar, there are term clauses that are divided into five parts: Main clause, Subordinate clause, Noun clause, Adjective clause, and Adverb clause. This article will focus on the main and subordinate clauses applied in the sentence on every Weverse magazine. Weverse itself is an online website that includes some hot news about K-pop idols under HYBE labels like BTS, TXT that a worldwide superstar boy group. This article uses descriptive qualitative research that aims to analyze the main and subordinate clauses in Weverse Magazine. This study will show how the main and subordinate clause is applied and used in the sentence on every news item written on Weverse magazine.
atrever-se a uma escrita infantil: a infância como abrigo e refúgio
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar , Carvalho Magda Costa
Published: August 2021

The present text is a childlike exercise in writing. In responding to an invitation to write an adult, academic text, we the authors found that the presence of a child's standpoint acted to change the expressions that were to be elucidated, and that the project that adult writing represents was suspended by the creative force of childhood. "Philosophy for children" became "children for philosophy"; "moral education" became "the end (of) morality" and "conceptions of childhood" became the "childhood of conceptions." As such our text is divided into different sections, in each of which we explore the implications of allowing ourselves to be transformed in our practice by recognition of the child’s voice; the problematization of conventional educational programmatics for one, and the opening of new pedagogical pathways, which recognize childhood as a moving force of thinking, as opposed to an object of study and manipulation. To this end, we engage several interlocutors from different fields--literature, philosophy, education, "philosophy for children", and from chronological children themselves. We conclude by proposing, based on an encounter with the work of H. Cisoux and J. Derrida, that we think about the relations between deconstruction and childhood in such a way that our affirmation of childhood leads to a transformation of the text itself—not only in its content but in its form. As such, we present the reader with a fundamentally childlike text.
A decision theory overview and case-based discussion
Authors: Thom David
Published: August 2021

Paramedics make decisions as part of their everyday role but often, the theory behind clinical decision-making is not discussed in depth. This article explores the theories of decision-making as they apply to a clinical case. With the increasing use of technology in healthcare, the introduction of human reliability analysis is becoming more pertinent.
Perceptions of ethical dilemmas in Australian paramedicine
Authors: Shearer Kirsty , Thomas Matthew , Signal Tania
Published: August 2021

Background:

Paramedics experience a range of ethical dilemmas in the course of their work. To date, ethical dilemmas by Australian paramedics have not been documented. With the scope of practice becoming increasingly complex, paramedic education may not have evolved to meet holistic professional demands.

Aim:

To describe the ethical dilemmas experienced by contemporary Australian paramedics.

Methods:

An online survey, based on a previous instrument, was used to explore a range of ethical dilemmas.

Findings:

Paramedics face a range of ethical dilemmas in their everyday practice. While several demographic variables were associated with different perceptions, the results of this study highlight that a paramedic's years of experience is most consistently associated with their perception of ethical dilemmas.

Conclusion:

Australian paramedics experience a range of ethical dilemmas consistent with previous international findings. Years of experience in the profession features heavily and is relied upon more so than education, suggesting that educational approaches to ethics education in paramedicine need to be reconsidered.
Educational Data Mining: The Analysis of the Factors Affecting Science Instruction by Clustering Analysis
Authors: Eser Mehmet Taha , Cobanoglu Derya
Published: August 2021

Science literacy, which is included in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) as an assessment area, is an important research and discussion area of science education literature with all its dimensions. In this study, the clustering results of the students from 34 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries participating in the PISA 2015 test and sampled by systematic sampling method are obtained by K-Means Clustering and Two-Step Cluster Analysis using the factor scores and PISA science literacy average scores. It is thought that the study is of great importance in terms of dividing individuals into clusters according to science instruction methods and the mean of plausible values and having an idea about how each cluster is defined. As a result of the K-means cluster analysis, it was determined that the input variable with the highest level of importance in the formation of the first and third clusters in which the students with the highest scores were included was teacher-directed science instruction, and after this variable, the input variable with the highest level of importance was the perceived feedback from science teachers. Within the scope of the Two-Step Clustering Analysis, it was determined that teacher-directed science instruction has the most importance in terms of the decomposition of clusters, followed by adaptive instruction in science lessons in terms of importance level.
Current management of trimalleolar ankle fractures
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Braun Karl-Friedrich , Mair Olivia , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Biberthaler Peter , Crönlein Moritz
Published: August 2021

A trimalleolar ankle fracture is considered unstable and treatment is generally performed operatively. Computed tomography is important for the operative planning by providing an elaborated view of the posterior malleolus. Trimalleolar ankle fractures have a rising incidence in the last decade with up to 40 per 100,000 people per year. With a growing number of elderly patients, trimalleolar ankle injuries will become more relevant in the form of fragility fractures, posing a particular challenge for trauma surgeons. In patients with osteoporotic trimalleolar ankle fractures and relevant concomitant conditions, further evidence is awaited to specify indications for open reduction and internal fixation or primary transfixation of the ankle joint. In younger, more demanding patients, arthroscopic-assisted surgery might improve the outcome, but future research is required to identify patients who will benefit from assisted surgical care. This review considers current scientific findings regarding all three malleoli to understand the complexity of trimalleolar ankle injuries and provide the reader with an overview of treatment strategies and research, as well as future perspectives.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:692-703. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200138
Spectrally resolved linewidth enhancement factor of a semiconductor frequency comb
Authors: Opačak Nikola , Pilat Florian , Kazakov Dmitry , Dal Cin Sandro , Ramer Georg , Lendl Bernhard , Capasso Federico , Schwarz Benedikt
Published: August 2021

The linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) has recently moved into the spotlight of research on frequency comb generation in semiconductor lasers. Here we present a novel modulation experiment that enables direct measurement of the spectrally resolved LEF in a laser frequency comb. By utilizing a phase-sensitive technique, we are able to extract the LEF for each individual comb mode in any laser type. We first investigate and verify this universally applicable technique using Maxwell–Bloch simulations. Following, we present the experimental demonstration on a quantum cascade laser frequency comb, confirming the predicted key role of the LEF in frequency comb dynamics.
Adiabaticity in state preparation for spin squeezing of large atom ensembles
Authors: Jin Shenchao , Bao Han , Duan Junlei , Lu Xingda , Wang Mingfeng , Zhao Kai-Feng , Shen Heng , Xiao Yanhong
Published: August 2021

Spin-squeezed state is a many-body entangled state of great interest for precision measurements. Although the absolute sensitivity at the standard quantum limit is better for a larger atom number, the greater dominance of classical noises over atom projection noise makes it harder to achieve spin squeezing. Here, we show both theoretically and experimentally that adiabatic pulse control of the pump field in state preparation is indispensable to sufficient noise suppression, which is the prerequisite for spin squeezing. This technique is generally applicable to spin-squeezing experiments involving a large ensemble and is thus of significance for quantum metrology applications.
Characterization and stability measurement of deployed multicore fibers for quantum applications
Authors: Bacco Davide , Biagi Nicola , Vagniluca Ilaria , Hayashi Tetsuya , Mecozzi Antonio , Antonelli Cristian , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Zavatta Alessandro
Published: August 2021

Multicore fibers are expected to be a game-changer in the coming decades thanks to their intrinsic properties, allowing a larger transmission bandwidth and a lower footprint in optical communications. In addition, multicore fibers have recently been explored for quantum communication, attesting to their uniqueness in transporting high-dimensional quantum states. However, investigations and experiments reported in literature have been carried out in research laboratories, typically making use of short fiber links in controlled environments. Thus, the possibility of using long-distance multicore fibers for quantum applications is still to be proven. We characterize here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in terms of phase stability, multiple strands of a four-core multicore fiber installed underground in the city of L’Aquila, with an overall fiber length up to about 25 km. In this preliminary study, we investigate the possibility of using such an infrastructure to implement quantum-enhanced schemes, such as high-dimensional quantum key distribution, quantum-based environmental sensors, and more, in general, quantum communication protocols.
Floating terahertz metamaterials with extremely large refractive index sensitivities
Authors: Silalahi Harry Miyosi , Chen Yin-Pei , Shih Yi-Hong , Chen Yu-Shao , Lin Xin-Yu , Liu Jih-Hsin , Huang Chia-Yi
Published: August 2021

In the diagnosis of severe contagious diseases such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19, there is an urgent need for protein sensors with large refractive index sensitivities. Current terahertz metamaterials cannot be used to develop such protein sensors due to their low refractive index sensitivities. A simple method is proposed that is compatible with all geometrical structures of terahertz metamaterials to increase their refractive index sensitivities. This method uses patterned photoresist to float the split-ring resonators (SRRs) of a terahertz metamaterial at a height of 30 μm from its substrate that is deposited with complementary SRRs. The floating terahertz metamaterial has an extremely large refractive index sensitivity of 532 GHz/RIU because its near field is not distributed over the substrate and also because the complementary SRRs confine the field above the substrate. The floating terahertz metamaterial senses bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA, and anti-BSA solutions with low concentrations that are smaller than 0.150 μmol/L are sequentially dropped onto it. The floating terahertz metamaterial is a great achievement to develop protein sensors with extremely large refractive index sensitivities, and has the potential to sense dangerous viruses.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management Coaching
Authors: Traut-Mattausch Eva , Zanchetta Mirjam , Pömmer Martin
Published: August 2021

In this article, we present a theoretically well-founded coaching concept, which can be assigned to the cognitive-behavioral area and which aims to optimally deal with stress. The coaching concept is based on Lazarus’ transactional theory of stress and coping. The three coaching sessions based on this theory are described in as much detail as possible. We explain which exercises can be used and how – both during and between the coaching sessions – in order to provide the best possible support for stress management and goal attainment. The specific procedure is illustrated with the case study “Mr. Smith” and reflected from the coach’s perspective. The description of the cognitive-behavioral stress management coaching (abbreviated to CBSM coaching) and the case study therefore offer both suggestions for experienced coaches and a good guide for newcomers to the field. The effectiveness of the CBSM coaching has already been empirically proven. The results of this already published evaluation study will be presented in the overview. With the theory-based development and the practical presentation of the CBSM coaching concept, a contribution should be made to further close the gap that sometimes arises between coaching research and practice.
How do fashion YouTubers and viewers experience social support?
Authors: Her Yusun , Chun Jaehoon
Published: August 2021

Increasingly many studies have provided practical suggestions for fashion YouTubers as fashion information sources, but no research has yet investigated the resources exchanged in the relationships between fashion YouTubers and viewers. Based on interviews with three Korean fashion YouTubers and ten of their viewers, this study examined social support in their relationships. Viewers acquired information from fashion YouTubers and, therefore, experienced informational support. Subsequently, as a sense of belonging to fandom emerged, established mainly by viewers subscribing to a fashion YouTube channel, network support was experienced by both fashion YouTubers and viewers. Along with constant communication, they shared their values and experienced emotional support through mutual empathy. Therefore, this study verified previous theories according to which both informational and emotional exchanges are possible in online relationships. Furthermore, network support was an important process, which may be connected to emotional support, since these relationships were autonomously established by online users.
‘Here comes the (Turkish) bride’: American consumer culture and the Turkish bridal industry
Authors: Babic Annessa Ann , Tunc Tanfer Emin
Published: August 2021

This ethnographic study seeks to position Turkish women within the lucrative global bridal industry, which is today heavily influenced by the style, aesthetics and consumer values of the American wedding. It will add to the existing literature by examining Turkish brides’ participation in transnational networks that promote the commodification of weddings in Turkey – a country where, for many, weddings were until quite recently low-budget affairs designed to maximize newlywed profits. We will explore how such networks establish and reinforce bridal rules and codes through wedding props such as gowns, cakes, jewellery, flatware, china and honeymoons. By unpacking the complexities, symbolism and meaning of the contemporary Turkish bride, we will move beyond simple binaries to examine how tradition and modernity overlap and intersect and how modernity is an intrinsic part of the evolution of traditional Turkish wedding practices. This study will also critique processes of (American) cultural assimilation and reveal how Turkish brides are negotiating western trends, influences and the ‘wedding-industrial complex’. Through lifestyle marketing and other industry practices, these networks are prescribing how Turkish women – regardless of their socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds, educational and class status and cultural and religious beliefs – should perform the bridal role. Moreover, because of its ties to aesthetics, style and fashion, the lavish American-style wedding has also become the ultimate platform for the display of purchasing power in Turkey – a way to replicate the conspicuous consumption of the wealthier, leisured classes that, for many Turks, has become synonymous with modernity and elevated social status.
Manufacturing urban identities: The emergence of Auckland’s and Wellington’s ‘character’ in New Zealand tourism film
Authors: Bonelli Diego
Published: August 2021

Since its inception, New Zealand film production has often been characterized by a strong focus on the promotion and marketing of local scenic locations. However, over the last few decades and simultaneously with New Zealand’s rapidly increasing urbanization rates, urban narratives have gained prominence in the cinematic representation of the country, gradually becoming important aspects of national tourism marketing campaigns. This article first provides an overview of New Zealand tourism film’s dynamics of production and recurring themes and narratives from the early twentieth century to the 1960s. It then focuses on Toehold on a Harbour and This Auckland – tourism films produced by the government-led New Zealand National Film Unit and released respectively in 1967 and 1966 – and identifies a turning point in the manufacturing of local urban narratives and in New Zealand urban tourism marketing. My critical and textual analysis of these two case studies notably relies on the examination of archival documents related to their production and on an interview with This Auckland’s director Hugh Macdonald. It ultimately shows how the emergence of ‘cities with a character’ as a tourism marketing tool was in fact a carefully planned, articulated and years-long government-driven strategy.
Honour, Mana, and Agency in Polynesian-European Conflict, Annette Wilkes (2019)
Authors: Valle Paola Della
Published: August 2021

Review of: Honour, Mana, and Agency in Polynesian-European Conflict, Annette Wilkes (2019)

London and New York: Routledge, 251 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 36702 622 6 (hbk), £120
Narrative and Identity Construction in the Pacific Islands, Farzana Gounder (ed.) (2015)
Authors: Maufort Marc
Published: August 2021

Review of: Narrative and Identity Construction in the Pacific Islands, Farzana Gounder (ed.) (2015)

Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, 260 pp.,

ISBN 978 9 02724 934 0 (hbk), €99
Style and Meaning: Essays on the Anthropology of Art, Anthony Forge (ed. Alison Clark and Nicholas Thomas) (2017)
Authors: O’Donnell David
Published: August 2021

Review of: Style and Meaning: Essays on the Anthropology of Art, Anthony Forge (ed. Alison Clark and Nicholas Thomas) (2017)

Leiden: Sidestone Press, 303 pp.,

ISBN 978 9 08890 446 2 (pbk), €39.95
Charles Brasch: Journals 1958–1973, selected, annotated and introduced by Peter Simpson (2018)
Authors: Lodge Martin
Published: August 2021

Review of: Charles Brasch: Journals 1958–1973, selected, annotated and introduced by Peter Simpson (2018)

Dunedin: Otago University Press, 694 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 98853 114 4 (hbk), NZ$59.95
Representation of international students in the Portuguese press: Are immigrants welcome?
Authors: França Thais
Published: August 2021

Since the 2000s, the Portuguese government and higher education institutions have been making significant changes to their strategies for attracting international students. While scholars have given extensive consideration to how these changes have increased the number of international students, less attention has been paid to how the national media have represented these new arrivals. Hence, in this article, following the analysis of 103 news stories published in two leading Portuguese newspapers, we investigate the representation of international students in the Portuguese press to analyse how the media portrayed this population from 2006 to 2019. As student mobility became more visible in Portuguese migration and education policies, media focus on this phenomenon increased. Based on a critical analysis discourse framework, our results outline a positive narrative about international students that both reinforces Portugal’s image as an attractive destination for skilled youths and highlights the contribution of international students to the country’s development.
The left and right hands of the Portuguese state: Welfare retrenchment of public employment
Authors: Mauritti Rosário , Nunes Nuno , Botelho Maria do Carmo , Craveiro Daniela
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on welfare retrenchment in Portugal by analysing the evolution of public sector employment up until 2013. A multidimensional analysis of the structure of public employment in the Portuguese state was developed, theoretically guided by the ‘hands of the state’ model proposed by Bourdieu, which divides the main functions of contemporary states between its left hand (more redistributive) and its right hand (more rational economic-oriented). Bourdieu’s approach is especially useful in addressing the transformations of the Portuguese public employment between 1979 and 2013, characterized by specific economic, social and political changes. In 2013 – a year in which the adjustment measures agreed by the Portuguese government, the European Central Bank, the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund during the global crisis were especially intense – we observed the tendency towards the disqualification of public employment and the shrinking of the left hand of the Portuguese state. Public policy orientations in the areas of education and science were particularly troubling, considering the structural backwardness the country faces in these fields in the context of the European Union.
McGrath, C. P. The Development of Medical Liability in Germany, 1800–1945
Authors: Skřejpková Petra
Published: August 2021

Book review on McGrath, C. P. The Development of Medical Liability in Germany, 1800–1945.
Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, 314. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2019, 262 s.
A New Distribution-Free Control Chart for Monitoring Process Median Based on the Statistic of the Sign Test
Authors: Ali Saber , Abbas Zameer , Zafar Nazir Hafiz , Riaz Muhammad , Abid Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Control charts are used to improve the quality of outputs in manufacturing, industrial, and service processes. The parametric control charts produce more false alarms and unacceptable out-of-control signals when the underlying distribution of the process is not normal. Nonparametric/distribution-free control charts are efficient alternatives to overcome the said situation. In this article, the performance of a distribution-free double exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart has been investigated based on the sign test statistic under simple and ranked set sampling schemes. The run-length properties of the proposed charts have been evaluated and compared with nonparametric EWMA sign, parametric EWMA, and parametric double EWMA control charts, using different run-length measures. The comparison reveals the efficiency of the proposed chart over its alternatives in detecting small and medium shifts in the process location. A real-data application using the substrate manufacturing process has been provided to show the implementation of the proposed chart.
ÇEŞİTLİ BİTKİSEL EKSTRAKTLAR VE KOMBİNASYONLARININ KÖFTEDE ANTİMİKROBİYEL ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KOLCUOĞLU Gülten , HALKMAN A. Kadir
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı, greyfurt uçucu yağı, portakal kabuğu uçucu yağı, biberiye uçucu yağı ve propolisin, tek başına ve kombinasyonlar halinde E. coli O157:H7, S. Enteritidis, E. coli Biyotip 1, L. monocytogenes ve S. aureus’a karşı antibakteriyel aktiviteleri disk difüzyon yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Patojenlere karşı en yüksek inhibisyon zonu oluşturan materyal greyfurt uçucu yağı olmuştur. Bitki materyallerinin 2’li kombinasyonlarının en yüksek antibakteriyel etki gösterdiği Gram negatif bakteri, S. Enteritidis olurken 3’lü kombinasyonların en yüksek antibakteriyel etki gösterdiği Gram negatif bakteri ise E. coli O157:H7 olmuştur. Bu çalışmada tek başına antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip olmayan materyallerin farklı sayıda kombinasyonlarının sinerjik etki oluşturabileceği ve bazı kombinasyonlarda da birbirlerini baskılayarak aktiviteyi düşürebildikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan toplam fenolik miktarı analizi sonucunda en çok toplam fenolik miktarı greyfurt uçucu yağında gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan bitki materyallerinin antibakteriyel aktivite sonuçları ile toplam fenolik miktarlarının sonuçları birbiri ile paralellik göstermektedir. Çalışma için seçilen 5 bitki materyali ve materyallerin 3’lü kombinasyonlarından 2 tanesi duyusal analiz amacıyla köfteye eklenmiştir. Panelistlerin renk, görünüş, koku, tat, tekstür ve genel beğeni değerlendirmeleri sonucunda kontrol köftesine en yakın kriterleri zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı içeren köftenin gösterdiği ve 3’lü kombinasyonların en düşük beğeni puanlarını aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Bioconversion of cassava stem to ethanol using Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yu Bo , Jin Luqiao , Xia Huiling , Lu Yu , Dong Mengyi
Published: August 2021

Cassava stem was bioconverted to ethanol using microorganisms. First, cassava stem was pretreated by in ways, alkaline solution alone (ASA), microwave treatment combined with alkaline solution (MTCAS), and ultrasonic treatment combined with alkaline solution (UTCAS). The compositions of cassava stem pretreated by different methods were analyzed, and the results showed that the cassava stem pretreated by MTCAS was more suitable for saccharification and subsequent ethanol production. The pretreated cassava stem was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and ethanol production using Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Response surface methodology was used to optimize various process parameters including fermentation temperature, initial pH, fermentation time, rotational speed and substrate concentration. A bioconversion yield of 70 mg/g was obtained at the optimum conditions of fermentation, viz, temperature 35 °C, initial pH 5.6, fermentation time 132 h, rotational speed 155 rpm, and substrate concentration 4.6 wt%. An experiment under optimum conditions confirmed the model predictions. The results suggest that pretreatment with MTCAS and simultaneous fermentation with A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae would be a good choice for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol. Considering the cost advantage, using microbial fermentation instead of pure enzyme hydrolysis is more advantageous in 2nd generation bioethanol production.
3D morphology of internal defects in wooden products based on computed tomography
Authors: Zhao Guiling , Liu Chang , Qiu Zhaowen , Deng Zongji , Gong Jinhua
Published: August 2021

A visualization method was used in this work for the 3D morphology of internal defects in wooden products using a Philips Brilliance 16 computed tomography (CT). To obtain a high-quality 3D digital model, the original images from the CT scan were segmented to manually color the cross- and vertical sections of the wooden specimen. Through coloring, the reconstructed model showed the accurate 3D morphology of internal defects, such as cracks, wormholes, and decay parts, as well as clear shapes of borer excrement, nails, bark, and wood parts of the specimen. The results suggest that this method provides precise 3D models of different types of defects in the wooden specimen. It can also accurately measure the size and angle of the defects at any position for further observation. This method can be effectively used for non-destructive testing of wooden products and wooden cultural relics and can provide accurate scales of defects and intuitive 3D models for wooden products and wooden cultural relics restoration.
Incidence, Predictive Factors, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding – A Prospective Population-based Study from Hungary
Authors: Lakatos Laszlo , Gonczi Lorant , Lontai Livia , Izbeki Ferenc , Patai Arpad , Racz Istvan , Gasztonyi Beata , Varga-Szabo Lajos , Ilias Akos , Lakatos Peter L.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims: Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence, management, risk factors and outcomes of acute non-variceal UGIB in a population-based study from Hungary.

Methods: The present prospective one–year study involved six major community hospitals in Western Hungary covering a population of 1,263,365 persons between January 1 and December 31, 2016. Data collection included demographics, comorbidities endoscopic management, Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score (RS) transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay and mortality.

Results: 688 cases of acute non-variceal UGIB were included with an incidence rate of 54.4 (95%CI: 50.5-58.6) per 100,000 per year. Endoscopy was performed within 12 hours in 71.8%. 5.3% of the patients required surgical treatment and the overall mortality was 13.5%. Weekend presentation was associated with increased transfusion requirements (p=0.047), surgery (p=0.016) and mortality (p=0.021). Presentation with hemodynamic instability or presence of comorbidities was associated with transfusion (p<0.001 both), second look endoscopy (p<0.001 both), re-bleeding (p<0.001 both), longer in-hospital stay (p<0.001 both) and mortality (p=0.017 and p<0.001). GBS was associated with transfusion requirement (AUC:0.82; cut-off: GBS >7points), while mortality was best predicted by the post-endoscopic RS (AUC:0.75; cut-off: RS >5points).

Conclusions: Incidence rates of acute non-variceal UGIB in Western Hungary are in line with international trends. Longer pre-hospital time, comorbidities, hemodynamic instability, weekend presentation, treatment with anticoagulants or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was associated with worse outcomes.
Endoscopic Application of Purastat® in the Treatment of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
Authors: Gagliardi Mario , Sica Mariano , Oliviero Giovanni , Maurano Attilio , Zulli Claudio
Published: August 2021

A 49-years-old woman with a recent history of tenesmus, constipation, abdominal and rectal pain referred to our Unit. There was no previous history of rectal bleeding or a family history of gastrointestinal diseases. Laboratory tests showed haemoglobin 10.9 g/dl, MCV 72fl, ferritin 18 U/l. Physical examination was normal. The patient underwent a colonoscopy which identified a single ulcer of 2.5 cm of diameter without bleeding signs in the distal rectum, 4 cm from the anal margin. Histopathological examination revealed shallow ulceration with fibrosis in lamina propria. We decided to treat the ulcer with one application of Purastat. Four weeks later, a follow-up colonoscopy revealed a complete mucosal healing with only mild residual mucosal erythema. Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon benign proctologic disease usually affecting young adults with a prevalence of 1:100.000 per year, equally affecting women and men with a slight predominance in young women. SRUS is characterized by chronic rectal pain and bleeding, constipation, incomplete evacuation, tenesmus and mucous discharge impairing the patients’ quality of life. In past years several topical agents have been used reporting clinical improvements, also if none of them has been evaluated in prospective controlled trials. Purastat (3D-Matrix Europe SAS, France) is a novel self-assembling peptide developed as a haemostatic agent for endoscopic and surgical procedures. In addition to the known haemostatic effect, it has been hypothesized that the activated Purastat nanostructure favors the cell and tissue proliferative process since the similarity of the activated Purastat 3-D nanostructure with the natural extracellular matrix (ECM-SM) scaffold material would result in an adequate adherence of cells and regenerative tissues, achieving more effective healing of the mucosa. Based on this hypothetical re-epithelizing property of Purastat, we decided to use it in this patient, achieving mucosal healing and symptoms improvement.