bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational organized crime as a destructive phenomenon of globalization
Authors: Zharovska Halyna
Published: March 2021

The article examines the problems associated with the impact of globalization on the state of crime and the factors of modernglobal processes that shape it’s destructive phenomenon – transnational organized crime. The study concluded that globalization ofcrime is now the main trend of it’s criminal transformation; transnational organized crime is a real step towards criminalization of society.Therefore, it is quite reasonable to assert that the formation of a transnational criminal environment is an antipode for a law-abidingsociety. The main factors of criminalization of society include: value-vacuum (weak state and the lack of values in society – this is theworst combination for society and the most advantageous for the progress of crime); informational influence, which justifies and legi -timizes criminal phenomenon; involvement people to the criminal society; instability. Besides improper state development leads to ocial non-adaptability, stratification of society. The modern “globalized progress”, that focused on alleged human values destroys thenormative base by legal, quasi-legal and criminal actions. Such transformation of society is the source for the transformation of organi -zed crime.It is actually nowadays to develop the fundamentally new attitude to the study of transnational crime, – sociocultural attitude,which can be based on such a postulate – the factors of the development of transnational criminal organizations associated with theemergence of appropriate opportunities at the global level.During exploring the transnational organized crime as a phenomenon that paradoxically is created by socio-cultural developmentof human civilization, firstly, it is necessary to understand that this phenomenon is a completely separate segment of crime, which hasit’s own and system characteristics.Secondly, the scientific definition of the features of transnational organized crime should be based on an analysis of it’s systemicinteractions, which will enable to solve the problem of developing and implementing a national and consolidated concept of combatingtransnational organized crime at the international level.
On the issue of the necessary establishment of special conditions for interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness in criminal proceedings
Authors: Skulysh Yevhenii , Kuzmin Sergiy , Horai Оleh
Published: March 2021

The article presents the study of debatable issues of legal regulation of conditions for interrogating a person with mental disabi -lities as a witness in criminal proceedings, as well as the substantiation of the basic principles for the relevant draft norm.This problem is caused by the fact that national criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine does not contain a specific mechanismthat would be the basis for assessing the results of interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness.In particular, the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine enumerates persons who cannot be interrogated as witnesses. The relevantgrounds allow an investigator, prosecutor, investigating judge, or court to decide not to interrogate a person who is aware or may beaware of the circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings. At the same time, the forensic expert findings on this person’s abilityto perceive the facts cannot be taken into account in order to assess the reliability of the testimony of a witness with mental disabilities,and such an expert examination in criminal proceedings cannot be prescribed.As a result, preconditions are formed for investigative and judicial errors, violation of rights and freedoms of citizens and legi -timate interests of individuals and legal entities, which is obviously unacceptable for the modern legal, social, and democratic stateUkraine seeks to become.The controversial issues on special conditions of interrogating a person with mental disabilities as a witness in criminal proceedingshave been studied in the context of scholarly analysis of the provisions of modern national criminal procedural legislation, historicalexperience, and relevant norms of foreign criminal procedure.As a result of the research, a proposal to amend the criminal procedural legislation in force is developed and substantiated. Inparticular, it is proposed to supplement the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine with a norm on mandatory prescription of anexpert examination to establish the mental condition of a witness in case of doubt about the ability of this person to correctly perceivethe circumstances, relevant to criminal proceedings, and testify about them.
The concept and system of crimes committed by the auditor as a special subject
Authors: Vashchuk Olena
Published: March 2021

The article distinguishes between state and non-state audit, and also defines the features of the last one. The main features of nonstateaudit include: a) the audit reports on financial statements, which is used mainly by customers, reduces their risks of making wrongdecisions when using it; b) the audit not only detects violations in the activities, but also provides assistance in their elimination; c) theauditor works on a contractual basis with the client, and therefore has the appropriate obligations to him and in case of non-performanceor improper performance is primarily a civil liability; d) during the audit it is necessary to pay for the services of auditors, which areincluded in the gross costs and cost of production, and ultimately paid by the buyer of goods and services; e) the auditor prepares areport in which he provides recommendations for the elimination of identified deficiencies and violations.Audit relations have a complex subjective system, which is characterized by its own means of legal regulation. The subject compositionof the audit relationship is not exhaustive, since the users of the information obtained as a result of the audit are an indefinitecircle of participants in market relations, including individuals, the state, foreign and international entities. It is concluded that professionalaudit crimes are socially dangerous guilty acts (action or inaction) that are committed by the auditor and are aimed at the legalrelations arising from the qualified provision of audit services, protected by the Criminal Code, and are in violation of professionalduties. Among the crimes provided for in the Criminal Code, it is expedient to single out professional audit crimes, taking into accountthe specifics of the subject of their commission. At the same time, it is necessary to classify these professional audit crimes accordingto the appropriate criteria, which can serve as a certain algorithm for qualification in case of their commission.
Questions of the Legal Status of a Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office
Authors: Bazov Olexandr
Published: March 2021

In the current conditions of the active development of the international criminal justice system from the Nuremberg and TokyoWar Crimes Tribunals, and after – the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, international criminaljudicial authorities of the so-called «new wave» or «third generation» are in the field of view of the science of international law, thestudy of the legal and institutional foundations of which represents significant scientific and practical interest.

The legal and institutional foundations of the activities of a Special Court in Kosovo (the name also used to denote the KosovoSpecialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor’s Office) in the science of international law, in our opinion, has not sufficiently studied.We believe that this is due both to the fact that this Court, as new type of international criminal justice, was created recently, aswell as to the insignificant and contradictory practice of its judicial activity.Considering the foregoing, the aim of the article is to study the legal and institutional foundations and activities of a Special Courtto investigate war and other international crimes that were committed on the territory of Kosovo and which occupies a special place inthe international criminal justice system, given the specific features of its creation and activities, the formations of its international andnational components.The scientific novelty of the research results is that a comprehensive study of the legal and institutional foundations of the creationand activities of the Court, in Ukraine is being done for the first time.As the same time, during the scientific study, it was taken into account that this Court was created with the active participationof the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union and also individual countries, as well as Kosovo in ordered to pro -secute for the commission of international crimes during the armed conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, the «winners» –the former leaders of the Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK), who were never prosecuted for their commissions of international crimesduring the activities of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Recodification and private international law: to the issue of principles
Authors: Gramatskiy Ernest
Published: March 2021

Nowadays the processes of democratization, liberalization, integration of Ukraine into European and world space take place. Theundisputed significance for these processes is the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. Thus, the rapprochement of Ukraine with the European community, which has taken place in recent years, affects the sphere of private law relations,which are complicated by a foreign element – the legal relations that make up the subject matter of international private law.Having analyzed current doctrine of international private law, the author can conclude that nowadays researchers are paying moreattention to a deep understanding and study of the general provisions of this branch of law rather than to analysis of individual sub-sectorsand institutes of private international law.Nowadays recodification of civil legislation is taking place in Ukraine. The main reason for the recodification of civil legislationis to increase legal certainty as a component of the rule of law. Legal certainty demonstrates an ability of legislation to satisfy the needsof the subjects of law in the respective benefits.At the same time some specific issues related to the recodification of civil legislation and its link with private international lawhave not been the subject to scientific research. In our opinion, these issues deserve special attention, as they make it possible to analyzenot only the current state of private international relations, but also to forecast the prospects and changes in the field of private international law. One aspect that is worth to be discussed is the consolidation of the private international law system of principles.The analysis of scientific points of private international law doctrine representatives gives grounds to conclude that there is currentlyno universal approach to understanding the system of principles of private international law. Neither private international lawlegislation, nor scientific approaches give clear vision of the system of principles of private international law.It is crucial to stress that recodification of civil legislation in Ukraine has its direct impact on private international law systemand its mechanism of legal regulations.
Holy Alliance Congresses as instruments of establishing international law and order
Authors: Ostashova Valeriia , Lypii Yevheniia
Published: March 2021

The article describes the progress of the activities of the congresses of the Holy Alliance as a tool for establishing internationallaw and order, their results and significance for the development of international law. The tasks of the Holy Alliance were fulfilledthrough a system of international legal norms adopted at three diplomatic congresses. The first of them took place in the German cityof Aachen. During the congress, a number of regulations were signed, two of which are in the spotlight, because they enshrined theimplementation of the new international law – the protocol and declaration of November 15, 1818. The preamble to the Aachen Protocolidentifies France’s place in the system of international relations and European policy on the basis of the Paris Peace Treaty. Francebecame a full ally of Austria, England, Prussia and Russia. The second task solved at the congress was the fixation of the universal ruleof law, initiated by the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815. Thus, there was an informal division of states into two groups: the first gua -ranteed the international rule of law, the second – pledged to comply with imperative norms. The significance of the Aachen Congressfor the development of international law lies in the introduction of the practice of adopting special regulations on diplomatic relations.The Second Congress of the Holy Alliance was regarded as two separate ones sometimes, since it was started at Opava, October23, 1820, and continued with a short break in Laibach until the end of April 1822. At that congress, a protocol was signed on the rightof armed intervention in the affairs of other states and the introduction of Austrian occupation troops into the Kingdom of Both Sicilieswas authorized. The Verona Congress discussed the issues of armed intervention in Spain, the recognition of Latin American countries,the fight against slave trade, the freedom of navigation on the Rhine and more.Despite the shakiness of the Alliance, its rather short lifecycle, the form of international communication itself has proved to beeffective and, at times, effective, and has, in fact, been reproduced in the form of the League of Nations and the United Nations. Theexisting provisions have created the basis for further interstate dialogue, expanding the range of international imperative norms andimproving the tools for their elaboration.
International Criminal Court considers Human Trafficking as a Crime Against Humanity
Authors: Plakhotniuk Nataliia , Piatkovska Tetiana
Published: March 2021

The article examines at what stage the International Criminal Court views trafficking in human beings as a crime against humanity.In particular, Article 7 of the Rome Statute has the characteristics of crimes against humanity, and there is an accepted provision,cited with reference to the definition of “Trafficking in Human Beings”, which is considered a crime against humanity.However, trafficking in human beings is not yet formally enshrined in the Rome Statute, which is the basis for its further upda -ting. Trafficking in human beings is now often qualified as a “modern form of slavery” by international organizations, politicians, andscholars. The consequences of this crime are extremely serious in destroying the stabilization of the international political situation inthe world. Researchers believe that the number of victims far outweighs the number of identified victims. Worldwide, statistics annuallyshow 800,000 to 2.5 million trafficked people worldwide. This criminal activity affects almost all countries in the world and the profitsgenerated from this criminal business are $ 7 billion to $ 10 billion a year.The case for extending the scope of the Rome Statute to the crime of trafficking in human beings has not yet been elaborated.The cruelty that occurs during trafficking in human beings by criminal groups is as horrific as other crimes covered by the Rome Statute,but is not within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Such trafficking may also go beyond the definition of slavery asa crime against humanity, especially given the statutory threshold of public policy.This article seeks to examine at what stage the International Criminal Court views trafficking in human beings as a crime againsthumanity. It will also address the inclusion of the crime of human trafficking as a discrete international crime within the Rome Statutein response to this loophole. As a result, the inclusion of the crime of human trafficking as a discrete international crime within theRome Statute was analyzed.
Judicial reform and the fight against corruption in Ukraine
Authors: Smirnova Sofia
Published: March 2021

The article assesses the success of Ukrainian governmental judicial reforms implemented between 2014 and 2019. The judiciaryhas long been known as one of the most corrupt sectors within the institutional structure. The lack of an independent judiciary in Ukrainehas often been criticized as the main reason for insufficient anti-corruption legislation. The article examines important reforms within thejudicial sector; the reset of the Supreme Court, the establishment of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau and High Anti-CorruptionCourt, and the reform of the High Qualification Commission of Judges. The article further identifies the key reasons for the ineffectivenessof reform implementation and enforcement, as well as their efforts in promoting corruption prevention in the judicial community.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Baku State University, Fazil Mammadova Nigar
Published: March 2021

Key words: European Union, environmental, crime, environmental law, develope
TARAS ŞEVÇENKO BƏDİİ İRSİNİN AZƏRBAYCANDA TƏDQİQİ
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Mübariz qızı Hüseynli Nəhayət
Published: March 2021

Key words: Taras Shevchenko, translation, Kobzar, literature, anniversary, article
REGULATION OF REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS UNDER EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Muzaffar Quluzadeh Matanat
Published: March 2021

Key words: human rights, reproductive rights, abortion, private life and family life
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛЯ ЛАСКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Authors:   Ташкентский государственный университет узбекского языка и литературы, Мухамедова Саодат
Published: March 2021

Key words: of functional semantic field of petting, comparative analysis, phonetic, lexical, phraseological and syntactic lingual and speech
BMT-nin TƏSİSATLARI VƏ İNFORMASİYA CƏMİYYƏTİ QURUCULUĞU
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Teymur qızı Bəxtiyarova Aynur
Published: March 2021

Key words: UN, information society, UNESCO, globalization
İNFORMASİYA HÜQUQİ TƏMİNATIN REGİONAL MEXANİZMLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Həzi qızı İsmayılova Vəfa
Published: March 2021

Key words: information, legal regulation, European space, regional organizations
TALAMANIN BİR NÖVÜ KİMİ OĞURLUĞUN ƏLAMƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı, Azərbaycan, Ədalət qızı Abbasova Ləman
Published: March 2021

Key words: plunder, theft, property, secret, free of charge, covetousness
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE RECOGNITION AND REALIZATION OF REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN: LEGAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Baku State University, Muzaffar Quluzadeh Matanat
Published: March 2021

Key words: constitutional regulation, reproductive rights, legal framework, obligations
Aspek Hukum Dalam Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Thahir Thahir
Published: March 2021

Masalah lingkungan tidak selesai dengan Undang-Undang dan komitmen untuk melaksanakannya suatu Undang-Undang yang mengandung instrument hukum masih diuji dengan pelaksanaan (uitvoering atau implementation) dan merupakan bagian dari mata rantai pengaturan (regulatory chain) pengelolaan lingkungan. Dalam merumuskan kebijakan lingkungan, Pemerintah lazimnya menerapkan tujuan yang hendak dicapai Kebijakan lingkungan disertai tindak lanjut pengarahan dengan cara bagaimana penetapan tujuan yang dapat dicapai agar diaati masyarakat.
Lemahnya Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia
Authors: HR Muhammad Adam
Published: March 2021

Sistem penegakan hukum di Indonesia masih lemah, hal tersebut terlihat dari tidak tercapainya tujuan utama dari hukum itu sendiri yaitu keadilan bagi seluruh rakyatnya. Hampir dapat dipastikan bahwa di negeri ini sangat sulit memperoleh keadilan, padahal hukum yang ada sudah disusun dengan sangat baik dan jika dijalankan dengan benar, namun kenyataan yang ada saat ini penegakan hukum runcing ke bawah tumpul ke atas. Dalam hemat saya terdapat dua faktor utama yang menyebabkan hukum belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Pertama, para aparat penegak hukum yang ada belum menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai dari profesinya sebagai penegak hukum, sehingga masih sangat mudah diintervensi dalam penegakan hukum.  Kedua adalah kurangnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat akan pentingnya mematuhi aturan hukum yang telah ditetapkan.
Studi Analisis Prestasi Atlet Karate PPLP Dispora Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: H Hamdan
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, bagaimana gambaran peningkatan pembinaan prestasi olahraga karate pplp DISPORA Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif, metode survei, dengan sampel dan populasi seluruh atlet karate PPLP DISPORA Sulawesi Selatan, perwakilan pihak DISPORA, pelatih serta unsure lain yang berhubungan dengan karate pplp DISPORA Sulawesi Selatan.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran peningkatan pembinaan prestasi atlet karate pplp DISPORA Sulawesi selatan sudah dilakukan sesuai dengan standar pada umumnya seperti pemilihan pelatih yang di berikan oleh DISPORA Sulawesi Selatan, pelatih yang telah dipilih oleh DISPORA kemudian diseleksi kembali oleh DISPORA dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa hal, yaitu pengalaman dibuktikan dengan sertifikat yang dilampirkan, kesehatan pelatih, ketermapilan dalam melatih kemudian atlet yang menjadi prioritas adalah atlet yang terbaik di antara yang terbaik setelah melalui tahapan rekrutmen. Pemilihan atlet sudah dilakukan secara tepat karena sebelum dilakukan pemilihan atau rekrutmen atlet sudah ada indikator sebagai parameter atlet yang bisa masuk dalam program atlet pplp DISPORA Sulawesi Selatan. Program latihan di perlukan waktu yang cukup lama serta penyusunan program latihan yang seksama, teratur, sistematis, bertahap serta terus menerus sepanjang tahun tanpa selingan berhenti sedikitpun. Jika dilihat dari lamanya sentralisasi, maka kita tidak bisa menyangka prestasi pada kejurnas PPLP 2018 mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan kejurnas PPLP 2017 yang lama sentralisasi latihannya jauh lebih singkat. Dalam pembuatan program latihan waktu pertandingan sangatlah penting untuk diketahui. Sebab waktu pertandingan merupakan kunci dan puncaknya dari seluruh program latihan yang di susun. Kondisi fisik atlet ditemukan bahwa ada atlet yang diharapkan dapat memperoleh medali pada kejurnas PPLP 2017 sedang tidak dalam kondisi fisik yang memungkinkan untuk memaksimalkan penampilannya dalam pertandingan. Kondisi mental atlet. Aspek psikologis dapat sangat mempengaruhi performa atlet dilapangan. Dimana kondisi psikologis atlet dapat menjadi penunjang bahkan penghambat dan menganggu penampilan atau Kondisi pertandingan.
Aborsi Kriminalis Provokatus Pada Remaja Putri (Studi Kualitatif Di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar)
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini mengungkap Jenis Kasus abortus (keguguran) dapat terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja baik di Negara yang sudah maju maupun negara yang sedang berkembang. Aborsi merupakan salah satu topik yang selalu hangat dan menjadi perbincangan di berbagai kalangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengetahuan, Sikap, Akses Informasi, Teman sebaya, Keluarga dan Kesehatan Reproduksi remaja tentang aborsi Kriminalis Provokatus pada remaja di Kota Polewali Mandar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Penentuan  informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, Subjek penelitian adalah remaja yang melakukan tindakan aborsi kriminalis provokatus dan kasus tersebut terjadi antara tahun 2017-2018 dengan jumlah total Informan 8 orang. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam menggunakan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya aborsi pada remaja adalah perilaku seksual berisiko, pengetahuan yang kurang tentang aborsi, sikap remaja yang permisif, akses media informasi tentang aborsi, sikap orang tua, dan perilaku teman dekat dan kurangnya Informasi tentang Kesehatan reproduksi dan seksualitas.
Pengaruh Minat Baca Dan Kontinuitas Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Ski Pada Siswa MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Hannan Mahfud
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat baca dan kontinuitas belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada siswa MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar dengan jumlah sampel 24 orang siswa. Tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, angket (kuesioner), dan dokumentasi. Data-data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan teknik analisis statistik inferensial berupa uji normalitas dan analisis regresi linier berganda.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Minat baca yang dimiliki siswa kelas VIII MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar adalah tergolong rendah dengan nilai rata-rata (mean) sebesar 21,75 yang dapat dilihat dari kurangnya aktifitas membaca yang dilakukan siswa baik di dalam kelas ataupun juga di luar kelas. Kontinuitas belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada siswa kelas VIII MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar sudah terlaksana dengan baik dengan nilai rata-rata (mean) sebesar 23,25 dimana aktifitas belajar siswa terlihat lebih tekun belajar baik secara individu maupun kelompok dan dalam aktifitas pembelajaran di kelas, semua siswa dapat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan baik. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari minat baca dan kontinuitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam yang diperoleh siswa kelas VIII MTs. DDI Cabang Mapilli Kecamatan Mapilli Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Variabel minat baca (X1) dan kontinuitas belajar (X2) secara bersama-sama hanya berpengaruh sebesar 36,4% terhadap variabel hasil belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam siswa (Y). Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 63,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini.
Təhlükəsizlik kondominiumu və yeni maliyyə arxitekturası
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: March 2021

Fars körfəzi XX yüz illiyin son 30 ilində qlobal dünyanın siyasi, sosial və hərbi planda ən gərgin regionlarından biri kimi tanınmışdır. Geolstrateji mövqeyi ilə yanaşı planetin ən zəngin neft və qaz yataqlarının buradakı mövcudluğu onun iqtisadi cəlbediciliyini daha da artıraraq böyük dövlətlərin siyasi maraqlarının toqquşduğu məkana çevirmişdir. Bu səbəblərdəndir ki, uzun tarixi bir dövr ərzində burada iri miqyaslı hərbi əməliyyatlar keçirilmiş, dağıdıcı müharibələr aparılmışdır. Nəticədə regionun sürətlə silahlanmasına rəvac verilmiş, proses xarici qüvvələrin müdaxiləsi ilə müşayiət olunmuşdur.
Paclobutrazol Boost up for Fruit Production: A review
Authors: Yadav Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2021

Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a triazole derivative, has been effectively used to induce and manipulate 􀏐flowering, fruiting, and tree vigor in several perennial fruit crops. Soil application of paclobutrazol has been ef􀏐efficacious in promoting 􀏐lowering and increasing yield in many fruit crops. However, there are some con􀏐licting reports on its impact on fruit quality parameters. Besides reducing gibberellins level, PBZ increases cytokinin contents, root activity and C: N ratio, whereas its in􀏐luence on nutrient uptake lacks consistency. The ability of the crops to produce fruits throughout the year is of great interest in recent years. Usually, it is applied as a soil application in the month of September-November in the case of mango. It inhibits gibberellins biosynthesis at the kaurene stage and has proved to be a reduction of vegetative growth, promising for 􀏐lower initiation in shoot bud, giving early and profuse 􀏐lowering, increases fruit yield and improving quality regularly in alternate bearing cultivars. The main aim of this review is to focus upon contemporary information about paclobutrazol in fruit production. The persistence of culture in orchard soil for a long time and its half-life varies with soil type and climatic conditions, which may severely affect the development of subsequent crops and moved rapidly between the shoot tips and basal nodes both in the acropetal and basipetal directions and persisted for several months. The potential of PBZ to contaminate groundwater at optimum concentrations is low however the risk of its exposure to aquatic life is high. PBZ is considered moderately hazardous for human beings with remote chance of being genotoxic and carcinogenic. In view of the above, optimized use of the PBZ to derive maximum bene􀏐it with the least undesirable impact on food and environmental safety aspects are suggested.
Targeting HER2 in breast cancer: new drugs and paradigms on the horizon
Authors: Tarantino Paolo , Morganti Stefania , Curigliano Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

About 15–20% of all breast cancers (BCs) are defined human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, based on the overexpression of HER2 protein and/or amplification of ERBB2 gene. Such alterations lead to a more aggressive behavior of the disease, but also predict response to treatments targeting HER2. Indeed, several anti-HER2 compounds have been developed and approved in the last two decades, significantly improving our ability to cure patients in the early setting, and greatly extending their survival in the advanced setting. However, recent evolutions in this field promise to improve outcomes even further, through advancements in established HER2-targeting strategies, as well as the exploration of novel strategies. In particular, the engineering of new antibody-drug conjugates, with higher drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs) and cleavable linkers, has already led to the development of a highly effective drug, namely trastuzumab deruxtecan, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) BC, and currently in study in the early setting. Moreover, the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor tucatinib was recently approved by FDA and EMA, showing to improve survival of HER2+ advanced BC patients, particularly in those with brain metastasis. Immunotherapy is also being investigated in the HER2+ subtype, through immune-checkpoint inhibition, cancer vaccines and adoptive-cell therapies. Overall, the enlarging arsenal of promising anti-HER2 compounds is expected to deliver significant improvements in the prognosis of both early and advanced HER2+ BC in the years to come. Moreover, some of such agents are showing encouraging activity in the much wider population of HER2-low advanced BC patients, challenging current BC classifications. If confirmed, this new paradigm would potentially expand the population deriving benefit from HER2-targeted treatments to up to 70% of all advanced BC patients, leading to a revolution in current treatment algorithms, and possibly to a redefinition of HER2 classification.
Sideritis perfoliata inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and exhibits cellular antioxidant activity in cervical cancer cells
Authors:   University of Gaziantep, Cocelli Gizem , Pehlivan Mustafa ,   University of Gaziantep, Yumrutas Onder ,   University of Adiyaman
Published: March 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Sideritis perfoliata methanolic extract (SPE) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) of SPE were used to determine proliferation of HeLa cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining method. Induction of apoptosis was determined by Annexine-V and propidium iodide staining method. Interleukin (IL) 6-8 levels were measured by ELISA method. Antioxidant activities of SPE were determined by DPPH, DNA (plasmid pBR322) protecting and cellular antioxidant activity tests. Some phytochemicals of SPE were also screened by LC-MS-MS. It was determined that SPE reduced the proliferation of HeLa cells and also induced apoptosis. IL6-8 levels importantly decreased at 200 µg/mL. SPE exhibited moderately antioxidant activities in tests used. Among the phenolics identified, vanillic acid had the highest amount. As a result, it was determined to have the anticancer activity of SPE by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and decreasing IL6-8 in HeLa cells.
TYPES OF DIALOGICS IN THE GENRE STRUCTURE OF A GIRL’S DIARY
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Gorovaya Ya. O. , Rabenko T. G. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the description of the types of dialogics manifested in the genre space of the girl’s diary. As a result of the study, two vectors of dialogics are revealed, which are developed taking into account auto-addressing (the author of the diary addresses himself) and alternative addressing (an appeal to the addressee who does not substantially coincide with the author) with a significant representation of the latter. The alternate direction of the diary narration is realized through the inclusion of the addressee in the pragmatic context of the genre due to the need to assess the communicative meaning upon reading and to carry out a direct reaction to the author’s speech act in the form of a response record.
GOTHIC TRADITION IN LITERATURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERMEDIAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Titarenko S. D. , Rusanova M. M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the insufficiently studied problem of using intermedial analysis for studying the Gothic tradition in the literature of Russian symbolism (on the example of V. Brusov’s and F. Sologub’s works). We focus our attention on transition a visual image or a medieval art motive from one sign system to another. We analyze how medieval cultural categories correspond to the chronotope and figurative system in the Gothic novels of the 18th - early 19th century. It is concluded that the Symbolists refer to the visual images of the Gothic novel not only as elements of tradition, but also as categories of the culture of the Middle Ages.
AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALGORITHMIC AND HEURISTIC COMPONENT OF THE STUDENTS’ INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT PROJECTS
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Lagokha A. S.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the learning process organization using heuristic algorithms. As a special case, for engineering areas of training, the author desribes the scheme of work on the content and structure of algorithms for modeling business processes of the subject area in the IT projects development. Methodological techniques used within the framework of the scheme are described, the specifics of the learning process organization are determined.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND STYLE THINKING OF THE TEACHER
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Shapovalov A. A.
Published: March 2021

The concept of methodological approach in relation to teaching and assimilative learning is central in one of the branches of psychodidactics. Under these approaches, actions that only outwardly reflect their individual aspects are often incorrectly summed up. The approach to learning and assimilation of knowledge reaches the level of methodology if it is used systematically and is a component of a certain pedagogical system. Long and productive work within the framework of even one specific methodological approach to education affects the thinking of the teacher as a whole and forms a special kind of pedagogical style of thinking. A reasonable integrated use of different approaches to learning may result in maximum pedagogical effect.
COMMEMORATION OF THE LABOR FEAT OF THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG - UGRA RESIDENTS AS A MEANS OF FORMING AND PRESERVING THE REGIONAL IDENTITY OF YOUTH
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Malakhova L. P.
Published: March 2021

In current research, the regional identity of youth is considered as the most important factor in the preservation and development of the regions’ human capital. Opportunities for the formation of young people’s regional identity based on the adoption of the traditions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra can affect the migration component in the region and will preserve the intellectual, creative and labor potential of the district. The study analyzes and systematizes regional resources that allow the formation of a sense of involvement of the younger generation in the labor activity of fellow countrymen as a heroic deed, regardless of peaceful or military conditions.
The Grievance Dictionary: Understanding threatening language use
Authors: van der Vegt Isabelle , Mozes Maximilian , Kleinberg Bennett , Gill Paul
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the Grievance Dictionary, a psycholinguistic dictionary that can be used to automatically understand language use in the context of grievance-fueled violence threat assessment. We describe the development of the dictionary, which was informed by suggestions from experienced threat assessment practitioners. These suggestions and subsequent human and computational word list generation resulted in a dictionary of 20,502 words annotated by 2318 participants. The dictionary was validated by applying it to texts written by violent and non-violent individuals, showing strong evidence for a difference between populations in several dictionary categories. Further classification tasks showed promising performance, but future improvements are still needed. Finally, we provide instructions and suggestions for the use of the Grievance Dictionary by security professionals and (violence) researchers.
Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue
Authors: McDonald Andrew G , Davey Gavin P
Published: March 2021

Gangliosides are an important class of sialylated glycosphingolipids linked to ceramide that are a component of the mammalian cell surface, especially those of the central nervous system, where they function in intercellular recognition and communication. We describe an in silico method for determining the metabolic pathways leading to the most common gangliosides, based on the known enzymes of their biosynthesis. A network of 41 glycolipids is produced by the actions of the 10 enzymes included in the model. The different ganglioside nomenclature systems in common use are compared and a systematic variant of the widely used Svennerholm nomenclature is described. Knockouts of specific enzyme activities are used to simulate congenital defects in ganglioside biosynthesis, and altered ganglioside status in cancer, and the effects on network structure are predicted. The simulator is available at the Glycologue website, https://glycologue.org/.
Perspectives and the role of Bosnian defense industry in national innovation system
Authors: Durakovic Benjamin , Trgo Erwin
Published: March 2021

The increased global demand for weapons is growing fast both military and civilian grade equipment. The defense industry is experiencing an increase in its trades and production over the globe. Currently global market trade of arms is about US$ 1.9 trillion, with a trend of increase. This paper investigates global trends in defense through analysis of global defense spending and R&D activities with the focus to Bosnian defense industry perspectives. It was observed that Bosnian defense industry has potential to be one of the key players of the national innovation system through which the national R&D output would make notable positive impact on the national economic performances.
An overview of Gurney method for estimating the initial velocities of fragments for high explosive munition
Authors: Catovic Alan
Published: March 2021

The literature survey, related to the initial velocity of fragments for HE ammunition is presented. The basic Gurney model for fragment initial velocity, that can be used for different munition configuration, is presented. The research we performed using the Gurney method for a different projectile types is given.
Readability Thresholds
Authors: Bekavac Luka
Published: March 2021

The unreadable and the illegible tend to be treated as the “other” of writing. Playing on one of the meanings of xenography – writing in a language unknown to the writer – this paper explores the possibility that the metaphorical “gravity assist” of literature, rather than engaging the resources of content and imagination, actually resides in the cognitively inaccessible layers of writing as a material phenomenon. If we accept Harman’s definition of realism as something that can’t be translated into human knowledge without energy loss, regions of unintelligibility in literary writing take on a completely different meaning, and appear as zones coinciding with the asemic material exteriority, equally unavailable to thought and mimesis. Writings of Thomas Ligotti (The Red Tower), Reza Negarestani (Cyclonopedia) and Mark Z. Danielewski (The Familiar) are examined in the light of various atypical formal devices they use to convey a certain “otherness,” introducing varying degrees of unreadability as a response to the “inscrutability of the Real itself” (Fisher) and enforcing new types of non-hierarchical distribution of agency between writer, reader and text.
BANK CREDIT AND TRADE CREDIT AFTER THE FINANCIAL CRISIS: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL GALICIA
Authors: Peón David , Guntín Xulia
Published: March 2021

Access to external finance is a key challenge for the creation, survival and growth of SMEs. This article delves into the “weak funding” handicap of rural small firms (SEs): the access to bank financing and the substitutive role of trade credit for entrepreneurs in rural areas when they faced bank credit constraints. Considering SEs in Galicia (Spain), a paradigmatic case in Europe of rural areas in demographic decline with a strong impact of the Spanish sovereign and banking crisis of 2008–2012. There’s evidence of firms in rural areas facing a differential negative flow of bank credit during the financial crisis, especially in the manufacturing and construction sectors, that dissipated afterwards. Then, using a panel data approach that considers the determinants of trade credit, the complementary and substitutive hypotheses are tested to estimate the impact of bank credit restrictions over trade credit.
Extended X-Ray Emission in Compton Thick AGN with Deep Chandra Observations
Authors: Jones Mackenzie L. , Parker Kieran , Fabbiano G. , Elvis Martin , Maksym W. P. , Paggi A. , Ma Jingzhe , Karovska M. , Siemiginowska A. , Wang Junfeng
Published: March 2021

We present the spatial analysis of five Compton thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), including MKN 573, NGC 1386, NGC 3393, NGC 5643, and NGC 7212, for which high-resolution Chandra observations are available. For each source, we find hard X-ray emission (>3 keV) extending to ∼kiloparsec scales along the ionization cone, and for some sources, in the cross-cone region. This collection represents the first, high-signal sample of CT AGN with extended hard X-ray emission for which we can begin to build a more complete picture of this new population of AGN. We investigate the energy dependence of the extended X-ray emission, including possible dependencies on host galaxy and AGN properties, and find a correlation between the excess emission and obscuration, suggesting a connection between the nuclear obscuring material and the galactic molecular clouds. Furthermore, we find that the soft X-ray emission extends farther than the hard X-rays along the ionization cone, which may be explained by a galactocentric radial dependence on the density of molecular clouds due to the orientation of the ionization cone with respect to the galactic disk. These results are consistent with other CT AGN with observed extended hard X-ray emission (e.g., ESO 428-G014 and the Ma et al. CT AGN sample), further demonstrating the ubiquity of extended hard X-ray emission in CT AGN.
Orbital Torus Imaging: Using Element Abundances to Map Orbits and Mass in the Milky Way
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hogg David W. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Ness Melissa K. , Rix Hans-Walter , Beaton Rachael L. , Brownstein Joel R. , García-Hernández D. A. , Hasselquist Sten , Hayes Christian R. , Lane Richard R. , Shetrone Matthew , Sobeck Jennifer , Zasowski Gail
Published: March 2021

Many approaches to galaxy dynamics assume that the gravitational potential is simple and the distribution function is time invariant. Under these assumptions there are traditional tools for inferring potential parameters given observations of stellar kinematics (e.g., Jeans models). However, spectroscopic surveys measure many stellar properties beyond kinematics. Here we present a new approach for dynamical inference, Orbital Torus Imaging, which makes use of kinematic measurements and element abundances (or other invariant labels). We exploit the fact that, in steady state, stellar labels vary systematically with orbit characteristics (actions), yet must be invariant with respect to orbital phases (conjugate angles). The orbital foliation of phase space must therefore coincide with surfaces along which all moments of all stellar label distributions are constant. Both classical-statistics and Bayesian methods can be built on this; these methods will be more robust and require fewer assumptions than traditional tools because they require no knowledge of the (spatial) survey selection function and do not involve second moments of velocity distributions. We perform a classical-statistics demonstration with red giant branch stars from the APOGEE surveys: we model the vertical orbit structure in the Milky Way disk to constrain the local disk mass, scale height, and the disk–halo mass ratio (at fixed local circular velocity). We find that the disk mass can be constrained (naïvely) at the few-percent level with Orbital Torus Imaging using only eight element-abundance ratios, demonstrating the promise of combining stellar labels with dynamical invariants.
Climate Change of over 20 °C Induced by Continental Movement on a Synchronously Rotating Exoplanet
Authors: Zhao Zhouqiao , Liu Yonggang , Li Weihan , Liu Haobo , Man Kai
Published: March 2021

It is generally believed that the addition of continents cools the climate of an aquaplanet with a similar orbit to Earth; this is because continents have a higher surface albedo than oceans. A similar effect has been shown in climate simulations for exoplanets. Here we demonstrate that the influence of a continent on ocean circulation could have a dominative effect on the climate of a synchronously rotating exoplanet compared with the effect of the surface albedo, especially when the rotation of the exoplanet is relatively slow (e.g., the rotational period is 40 Earth days). The global mean surface temperature could vary by more than 26° C, simply by moving a small continent to a different location. The ocean circulation on a synchronously rotating exoplanet is characterized by a strong westerly jet along the equator and one large gyre in each hemisphere. The surface temperature decreases when the equatorial westerly or the western branch of either of the gyres is blocked by a continent or an island arc chain. However, if the continent blocks the eastern branch of the gyre, the equatorial westerly is strengthened and the climate warms. A large number of potentially habitable exoplanets have been found orbiting around M-dwarfs in a tidally locked manner; our results indicate that their climates, as well as their atmospheric chemistry, may deviate from previous estimates if a small continent, or even an island arc chain, is present.