bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed nephrectomy compared to early nephrectomy is associated with less feeding tube dependency and offers otherwise comparable outcome in infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Suihko Aino , Tainio Juuso , Tuokkola Jetta , Ylinen Elisa , Hölttä Tuula , Jahnukainen Timo
Published: February 2024

Background
The only effective treatment for severe forms of congenital nephrotic syndrome is nephrectomy and kidney transplantation (KT). Optimal timing of nephrectomy is unclear.
Methods
The influence of early (Group 1, n = 13) versus delayed (Group 2, n = 10) nephrectomy on patient outcome was evaluated. The key laboratory results, growth, number of thromboembolic events and infections, KT-related complications, and ability to eat after KT were compared between the two groups.
Results
Patients in group 1 were significantly younger at nephrectomy compared to group 2 (278 vs. 408 days, p = 0.007) and the dialysis time was significantly (p < 0.001) longer, 261 vs. 36 days, respectively. The occurrence of thromboembolic events or septicemia before KT did not differ between the groups. In group 1, eating difficulties and need for enteral tube feeding were more common than in group 2. Enteral tube feeding dependency at discharge, 3 months, and 6 months post-KT were 100%, 92%, and 69% in group 1 and 90% (p = 0.244), 50% (p = 0.022), and 20% (p = 0.019) in group 2, respectively. Motor development was considered normal before KT and 12 months after the KT in 30.8% and 84.6% of the patients in group 1 and in 80% (p = 0.019) and 90% (p = 0.704) in group 2, respectively.
Conclusions
Infants with delayed nephrectomy seem to have comparative outcome but less feeding tube dependency and better motor development during the first post-KT months compared to infants with early nephrectomy.
Health-related quality of life and complications of corticosteroid treatment in patients with immune thrombocytopenia in two teaching hospitals in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Beyene Dessale Abate , Sisay Eskinder Ayalew , Fentie Atalay Mulu , Gebremedhin Amha
Published: February 2024

Background
Treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is difficult and has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and prolonged use of corticosteroids may have a negative impact on HRQoL. The prepuse of this study was to evaluate the impact of ITP on HRQoL in patients with ITP at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC).
Methods
The institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15, 2022 to March 15, 2023 to recruit 214 study participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic data and clinical and treatment-related characteristics. Linear regression analysis models were also used to identify predictive factors for HRQoL. A p-value of less than 0.05 was generally considered statistically significant.
Results
Most of the study participants were female 161(75.5%). Regarding treatment, the majority 172(80.4%) of study participants were taking prednisolone only, and 143(66.8%) of study participants had at least one side effect of corticosteroids during the entire treatment period. Predictive factors for a higher impact of ITP on HRQoL; all correlated variables explained 36.5% (adjusted R-squared = 0.365, P < 0.0001) of the variance and had a moderate impact on HRQoL. Of these, 15.4% of the variance (adjusted R-squared = 0.154, β = 0.392, P < 0.0001) was accounted for by emotion-related corticosteroid side effects. Furthermore, predictive factors for an increasingly higher impact of ITP on HRQoL were the development of emotionally related corticosteroid side effects (β = 0.392, 95% CI: 5.160–9.961, P < 0.001), the presence of fatigue during the assessment (β = 0.326, 95% CI: 4.394–9.475, P < 0.001), patients not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis treatment (β = 0.236, 95% CI: 2.236–6.570, P < 0.001), living far from the hematology clinic (outside Addis Ababa) (β = 0166, 95% CI: 1.107–5.114 P = 0.003), having epistaxis and wet purpura (mucosal bleeding) (β = 0.191, 95% CI: 0.091–4.259, P = 0.001), and skin symptoms (petechiae and ecchymosis) (β = 0.041, 95% CI: 0.091–4.259 P = 0.041) during diagnosis.
Conclusion
The impact of ITP on their energy levels and work life was high compared to the impact of ITP on daily life. The side effects of corticosteroids also affect the HRQoL of ITP patients.
Patient safety culture and associated factors of regional public hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Authors: Yayehrad Teshome , Getachew Yeneneh , Muluken Workineh
Published: February 2024

Background
Patient safety culture is influenced by the values, attitudes, competencies, and behaviors of healthcare providers. Globally, millions of adverse events occur annually, with a significant burden on low- and middle-income countries.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 3 to July 30, 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to survey 494 randomly selected healthcare professionals. The collected data was analyzed using binary logistic regression, where variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Model adequacy was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test.
Result
The overall level of good patient safety culture was 48.8% (95% CI: 44.3–53.1) among the participants, with a response rate of 93.3%. Factors significantly associated with patient safety culture, as identified through factor analysis, included having 6–10 years of experience (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.13–2.88), having more than 11 years of experience (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.27–9.56), reporting adverse events (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.37–4.45), participating in patient safety programs (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.91–6.92), and working in obstetrics and pediatric wards (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23–0.94) and (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.097–0.44), respectively.
Conclusion
The overall level of good patient safety culture in regional public hospitals was found to be low (< 75%). Factors such as having 6–10 years of experience, having more than 11 years of experience, reporting adverse events, participating in patient safety programs, and working in obstetrics and pediatric wards were significantly associated with patient safety culture.
Risk Behaviors and Practices Toward Dental Health of School Children at Selected Primary Schools in Rwanda
Authors: Mukabizimana Janviere , Kayiranga Dieudonne , Katende Godfrey , Munyemana Jean Bosco
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim:
Dental diseases present a global health issue, impacting both individuals and economies. Despite preventive measures, dental diseases remain neglected, contributing to systemic health issues and socioeconomic burdens. This study aimed to assess the risk behaviors and oral health practices among Rwandan school children in urban and rural communities.
Materials and Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional approach was employed, collecting data from two public primary schools. Data analysis was conducted using SSP version 21.
Results
The study reveals variations in dental health behaviors and practices between urban and rural populations. High frequency in sugar consumption, less time spent brushing, and inappropriate timing for dentist visits have been identified as the main risk behaviors toward dental health. Practices related to poor dental health include the use of inappropriate materials for tooth brushing, a long time before changing them, and non-standardized techniques used to brush teeth. Urban children had higher frequencies of dentist visits than rural children (p = 0.026). However, children from urban areas have the habit of consuming sugary drinks compared to their rural counterparts (p = 0.002). Additionally, significant differences in materials used for brushing teeth were observed, with urban children using toothbrushes and toothpaste, while rural children use charcoals (p = 0.001). The time for changing toothbrushes was statistically significantly different in these two groups (p = 0.011).
Conclusion
Children from urban areas have a higher frequency of sugar consumption compared to children from rural areas. Most children from rural areas have never visited a dentist, and the majority of them reported using things other than toothbrushes to clean their teeth. The findings indicate the need to enhance educational efforts about dental care by involving parents, the community, schools, and health facility levels.
Effects of different combinations of mechanical stress intensity, duration, and frequency on the articular cartilage in mice
Authors: Wakimoto Yoshio , Mimura Yasushi , Inoue Shota , Nomura Masato , Moriyama Hideki
Published: February 2024

Background
Understanding how healthy articular cartilage responds to mechanical stress is critical. Moderate mechanical stress has positive effects on the cartilage, such as maintaining cartilage homeostasis. The degree of mechanical stress is determined by a combination of intensity, frequency, and duration; however, the best combination of these parameters for knee cartilage remains unclear. This study aimed to determine which combination of intensity, frequency, and duration provides the best mechanical stress on healthy knee articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo.
Methods and results
In this study, 33 male mice were used. Chondrocytes isolated from mouse knee joints were subjected to different cyclic tensile strains (CTSs) and assessed by measuring the expression of cartilage matrix-related genes. Furthermore, the histological characteristics of mouse tibial cartilages were quantified using different treadmill exercises. Chondrocytes and mice were divided into the control group and eight intervention groups: high-intensity, high-frequency, and long-duration; high-intensity, high-frequency, and short-duration; high-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration; high-intensity, low-frequency, and short-duration; low-intensity, high-frequency, and long-duration; low-intensity, high-frequency, and short-duration; low-intensity, high-frequency, and short-duration; low-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration; low-intensity, low-frequency, and short-duration. In low-intensity CTSs, chondrocytes showed anabolic responses by altering the mRNA expression of COL2A1 in short durations and SOX9 in long durations. Furthermore, low-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration treadmill exercises minimized chondrocyte hypertrophy and enhanced aggrecan synthesis in tibial cartilages.
Conclusion
Low-intensity, low-frequency, and long-duration stress is the best combination for healthy knee cartilage to maintain homeostasis and activate anabolic responses. Our findings provide a significant scientific basis for exercise and lifestyle instructions.
SiOC matrix nanocomposite films with self-gradient properties fabricated by laser sintering of hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Qiu Lu , Zhang Mengsen , Huang Jia , Tao Zhi
Published: February 2024

The reinforced ceramics, known as ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), is playing an important role in modern advanced industrial applications. However, the fabrication of CMCs with both high toughness and high stiffness, which are normally considered mutually exclusive, is still challenging. Here, we develop a gradient property SiOC composite film reinforced with nanoscale tungsten-based particles using a novel avenue of the integration of hybrid nanoparticles inkjet printing and selective laser sintering. Mechanical results of SiOC-WOx films exhibit the stiffness-toughness co-enhancement, including a twofold improvement in hardness and modulus, and an over 3.8-fold better fracture toughness performance than its matrix. Moreover, owing to the metal-to-ceramic gradient properties, the films exhibit interfacial bonding strengths up to 86.6 MPa and operate stably even at 1050 ℃. Characterization results show that the excellent mechanical and interfacial performance is attributed to the significant gradient composition and uniformly dispersed self-assembled nanoscale reinforcing particles. The success of SiOC-WOx CMC films demonstrates the potential to accelerate the discovery of revolutionary nanocomposites using hybrid nanoparticles and bottom-up additive manufacturing processes.
Fine-scale spatial analysis of two plant-insect interactions: effects of landscape, resource distribution, and other insects
Authors: Pocull Guillem , Baskett Carina
Published: February 2024

Context
Biotic resource exploitation is a critical determinant of species’ distributions. However, it is difficult to quantify resource exploitation patterns through space and time, complicating their incorporation in spatial ecology studies. Therefore, understanding the local drivers of spatial patterns of resource exploitation may contribute to better large-scale species distribution models.
Objectives
We investigated (1) how the resource exploitation patterns of two trophic interactions (plant-insect) are explained by insect behaviour, resource aggregation, and potential insect-insect interactions. We also analyzed how (2) resource patch size and (3) resource accessibility in a heterogeneous landscape affected host exploitation patterns.
Methods
We quantified nectar robbing by insects in the genus Bombus (bumblebees) and frugivory by Brachypterolus vestitus larvae (Antirrhinum beetle) on Antirrhinum majus L. (wild snapdragons) in the Pyrenees Mountains, Catalonia, Spain. We tested hypotheses about resource exploitation by integrating spatial analyses at multiple scales.
Results
Both trophic interactions were aggregated, explained by the aggregation of their resource. At some scales, nectar robbing is more aggregated than the resource. Trophic interaction abundance is proportional to resource patch size, following the ideal free distribution model. Landscape features do not explain the locations exploited. Nectar robbing and frugivory occur together more often than expected.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that multiple biotic and ecological spatial factors may simultaneously affect resource exploitation at a local scale. These findings should be considered when developing agricultural projects, management plans and conservation policies.
Exploration of Barriers to Treatment for Patients with Eating Disorders in Chile
Authors: Castañeda Felipe , Cerda Jaime , Jara Raúl , Riestra Francisca , Urrejola Pascuala , Vogel Melina , Gumucio María Elena , Irribarra Verónica , Álvarez Jorge , Díaz María Alejandra , Kompatzki Paula , Costa Daniela
Published: February 2024

Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, affecting predominantly young people and women. A delay in starting treatment is associated with chronic and more severe clinical courses; however, evidence on barriers and facilitators of access to care in Latin America is scarce. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of ED treatment in Chile from the perspective of patients, relatives, and health professionals.
Methods
Qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with patients, their relatives, and health professionals. Participants were recruited from two ED centers in Santiago, Chile (one public and one private). Analysis was mainly based on Grounded Theory, using MAXQDA software.
Results
40 interviews were conducted (n = 22 patients, 10 relatives, and 8 health professionals). The mean age of patients was 21.8 years, while the mean duration of untreated ED was 91.4 months (median 70 months). Five categories emerged with intersections between them: patient (P), family and social environment (FSE), health professionals (HP), healthcare system (HCS), and social and cultural context (SCC). Relevant barriers appeared within these categories and their intersections, highlighting a lack of professional knowledge or expertise, cultural ignorance or misinformation regarding EDs, and patient's ego-syntonic behaviors. The main facilitators were patients’ and relatives’ psychoeducation, recognition of symptoms by family members, and parents taking the initiative to seek treatment.
Conclusions
This study provides information regarding access to treatment for patients living with EDs in Chile. A practical public health approach should consider the multi-causality of delay in treatment and promoting early interventions.
Factors associated with quality of intrapartum care in Kenya: a complex samples analysis of the 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey
Authors: Nuwabaine Lilian , Amwiine Earnest , Sserwanja Quraish , Kawuki Joseph , Amperiize Mathius , Namulema Angella , Asiimwe John Baptist
Published: February 2024

Background
Quality of intrapartum care remains a key intervention for increasing women’s utilization of skilled birth attendants in health facilities and improving maternal and newborn health. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the quality of intrapartum care using the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS).
Methods
Secondary data from the 2022 KDHS of 11,863 participants, who were selected by multistage stratified sampling, was used. Quality of intrapartum care was considered if a mother had a facility-based delivery, received skilled assistance during birth, and the baby immediately placed on the mother’s breast by skilled birth attendant within 1 hour after birth. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with quality of intrapartum care using SPSS (version 20).
Results
Of the 11,863 women who had recently given birth, about 52.6% had received quality intrapartum care. As part of the intrapartum care, 88.2% gave birth in a health facility, 90.4% obtained assistance from skilled birth attendants, and 59.8% had their babies placed on the breast by delivery assistants within 1 hour after birth. Women who had attained secondary education (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23–1.90), were working (aOR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.53), had > = 3 living children (aOR = 1.31 ,95% CI: 1.02–1.68), took 31–60 minutes to reach the health facility (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41–1.95), were assisted during child birth by doctors (aOR = 19.86, 95% CI: 2.89-136.43) and nurses/midwives/clinical officers (aOR = 23.09, 95% CI: 3.36-158.89) had higher odds of receiving quality intrapartum care. On the other hand, women in the richest wealth index (aOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.98), those who gave birth through cesarean section (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20–0.36) and those whose current age of their child was > = 2years (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96) were less likely to receive quality intrapartum care.
Conclusions
About half of the women received quality clinical intrapartum care in Kenya, with demographic characteristics seeming to be the main drivers of quality intrapartum care. There is need to empower women through increasing access to education and developing initiatives for their economic independence, as well as facilitating their increased access to skilled birth attendants to improve the quality of intrapartum care.
Zinc-methionine but not organic selenium influence on antioxidant indices, acini gland size, royal jelly production and the relative expression of hsp90 and trx genes in honey bee during the hot season
Authors: Rasouli-Nadergoli Khalil , Sadeghi Ali Asghar , Shawrang Parvin , Chamani Mohammad
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic zinc and selenium on the antioxidant indices, acini size, royal jelly production and relative expression of hsp90 and trx genes in honey bees under heat stress. Thirty colonies were exposed to heat stress (40°C for at least 4 hours per day) and randomly divided into six treatments. Treatments were syrup with: C) the control group receiving the syrup without additives, T1: 2500 µg /L of zinc, T2: 5000 µg /L of zinc, T3: 500 µg /L selenium and T4: 1000 µg /L selenium. Organic zinc increased (P < 0.05), but selenium supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of thioredoxin peroxidase and catalase. Organic zinc and selenium supplements decreased (P < 0.05), the relative gene expression of hsp90, but increased (P < 0.05) gene expression of trx as compared to the control. The lowest acini size was observed in C and the greatest acini size was observed in T2 (P < 0.05). Acini size increased (P < 0.05) as dose of organic zinc increased, but not for selenium doses. It was concluded that supplementation of zinc at dose of 5000 µg /L and selenium at dose of 500 µg /L has beneficial effects on producing royal jelly colonies.
Atlantoaxial Facet Fixation Using Cervical Facet Cage: Technical Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Anand Sharath Kumar , Shanahan Regan M. , Alattar Ali A. , Phillips H. Westley , Okonkwo David O. , McDowell Michael M.
Published: February 2024

In 1994, the use of interfacet spacer placement was for joint distraction, reduction, and fusion to supplement atlantoaxial or occipitocervical fixation. Here we present a unique case of bilateral atlantoaxial interfacet fixation using cervical facet cages (CFC) in a pediatric patient with basilar invagination. In addition, we review the literature on atlantoaxial facet fixation. We present a 12-year-old boy with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome who presented with multiple episodes of sudden neck jerking, described as in response to a sensation of being shocked, and guarding against neck motion, found to have basilar invagination with cervicomedullary compression. He underwent an occiput to C3 fusion with C1-2 CFC fixation. We also conducted a literature review identifying all publications using the keywords: “C1” AND “C2” OR “atlantoaxial” AND “facet spacer” OR “DTRAX.” The patient demonstrated postoperative radiographic reduction of his basilar invagination from 6.4 mm to 4.1 mm of superior displacement above the McRae line. There was a 4.5 mm decrease in the atlantodental interval secondary to decreased dens retroflexion. His post-operative course was complicated by worsening of his existing dysphagia but was otherwise unremarkable. His neck symptoms completely resolved. We illustrate the safe use of CFC for atlantoaxial facet distraction, reduction, and instrumented fixation in a pediatric patient with basilar invagination. Review of the literature demonstrates numerous materials can be safely placed as a C1-C2 interfacet spacer including bone grafts, titanium spacers, and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion cages. We argue that CFC may be included in this arsenal even in pediatric patients.
Osteoprotegerin is an early marker of the fibrotic process and of antifibrotic treatment responses in ex vivo lung fibrosis
Authors: Putri Kurnia S.S. , Adhyatmika Adhyatmika , Boorsma Carian E. , Habibie Habibie , Ru Mitchel J.R. , Heukels Peter , Timens Wim , Jager Marina H. , Hinrichs Wouter L.J. , Olinga Peter , Melgert Barbro N.
Published: February 2024

Background
Lung fibrosis is a chronic lung disease with a high mortality rate with only two approved drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) to attenuate its progression. To date there are no reliable biomarkers to assess fibrosis development and/or treatment effects for these two drugs. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used as a serum marker to diagnose liver fibrosis and we have previously shown it associates with lung fibrosis as well.
Methods
Here we used murine and human precision-cut lung slices to investigate the regulation of OPG in lung tissue to elucidate whether it tracks with (early) fibrosis development and responds to antifibrotic treatment to assess its potential use as a biomarker.
Results
OPG mRNA expression in murine lung slices was higher after treatment with profibrotic cytokines TGFβ1 or IL13 and closely correlated with Fn and PAI1 mRNA expression. More OPG protein was released from fibrotic human lung slices than from the control human slices and from TGFβ1 and IL13-stimulated murine lung slices compared to control murine slices. This OPG release was inhibited when murine slices were treated with pirfenidone or nintedanib. OPG release from human fibrotic lung slices was inhibited by pirfenidone treatment.
Conclusion
OPG can already be detected during the early stages of fibrosis development and responds, both in early- and late-stage fibrosis, to treatment with antifibrotic drugs currently on the market for lung fibrosis. Therefore, OPG should be further investigated as a potential biomarker for lung fibrosis and a potential surrogate marker for treatment effect.
The -124C>T mutation of TERT promoter indicated a favorable prognosis in OCCC: a monoinstitutional study in China
Authors: Zhou Xiaonan , Liu Yifei , Hu Jue , Zhang Jing , Ren Min , Ji Gang , Cai Xu , Bi Rui
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is the second most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with advanced or recurrent OCCC were resistant to chemotherapy and had poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to identify specific prognostic markers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.
Methods
A cohort of 169 patients with OCCC were enrolled, and their clinicopathological features were reviewed. Mutations in the TERT promoter and PIK3CA gene were detected by Sanger sequencing in 87 and 109 cases, respectively. Immunohistochemical markers for ARID1A, HDAC6, Cyclin E1, and p53 were stained on the tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the correlation between these parameters and prognosis.
Results
The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with the − 124 C > T mutation in the TERT promoter were significantly longer than those of wild-type patients. The − 124 C > T mutation was an independent factor associated with a favorable OS. Patients with the − 124 C > T mutation were more likely to have a normal preoperative serum CA125 level (P = 0.017), a higher prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (P = 0.014), and a lower probability of relapse (P = 0.025) than wild-type patients. No correlation between other factors and prognosis was observed in this cohort.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the − 124C > T mutation in the TERT promoter may serve as a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with OCCC.
Performance Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms on Student Dataset Clustered by K-means Algorithm
Authors: Kudale Gautam Appasaheb , Rajpoot Sandeep Singh
Published: February 2024

This research paper presents an innovative approach to cluster the dataset and apply the different machine learning algorithms. For clustering, K-Means is used. Before applying K-Means, estimation of value of K is done by using the Elbow method followed by Silhouette method. For the entire experimental work, the Kaggle dataset has been taken into account. K-Means clustering used over here offers five different clusters. Here, each cluster shows identification of distinct student. Subsequently, four prominent machine learning algorithms—K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Neural Network (NN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied and the performance metrics are measured. The comparative analysis of the machine learning algorithms reveals varying levels of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score across different clusters. The outcomes highlight the algorithm that exhibits superior performance in this specific context. Here the highest accuracy i.e. 92.00% is achieved with Random Forest algorithm.
Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis system for the automatic detection and classification of lateral cervical lymph nodes on original ultrasound images of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Yuan Yuquan , Pan Bin , Mo Hongbiao , Wu Xing , Long Zhaoxin , Yang Zeyu , Zhu Junping , Ming Jing , Qiu Lin , Sun Yiceng , Yin Supeng , Zhang Fan
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims to develop a deep learning–based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the automatic detection and classification of lateral cervical lymph nodes (LNs) on original ultrasound images of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.
Methods
A retrospective data set of 1801 cervical LN ultrasound images from 1675 patients with PTC and a prospective test set including 185 images from 160 patients were collected. Four different deep leaning models were trained and validated in the retrospective data set. The best model was selected for CAD system development and compared with three sonographers in the retrospective and prospective test sets.
Results
The Deformable Detection Transformer (DETR) model showed the highest diagnostic efficacy, with a mean average precision score of 86.3% in the retrospective test set, and was therefore used in constructing the CAD system. The detection performance of the CAD system was superior to the junior sonographer and intermediate sonographer with accuracies of 86.3% and 92.4% in the retrospective and prospective test sets, respectively. The classification performance of the CAD system was better than all sonographers with the areas under the curve (AUCs) of 94.4% and 95.2% in the retrospective and prospective test sets, respectively.
Conclusions
This study developed a Deformable DETR model-based CAD system for automatically detecting and classifying lateral cervical LNs on original ultrasound images, which showed excellent diagnostic efficacy and clinical utility. It can be an important tool for assisting sonographers in the diagnosis process.
Molecular support for transferring the tropical African species of Gnidia to Lasiosiphon (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) and a worldwide synopsis of the species
Authors: Olaniyan Oluwayemisi Dorcas , Boatwright J. Stephen , Magee Anthony R. , Manning John C. , Bank Michelle
Published: February 2024

Lasiosiphon Fresen. (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) is now understood to be a morphologically diverse genus distributed across southern and tropical Africa, Madagascar and India. The taxonomic history of Lasiosiphon has been marked by several revisions in its circumscription and status, particularly regarding its relationship with Gnidia L. Our phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-F) regions of an expanded sampling of the tropical African species of Gnidia provides compelling evidence for including all the tropical African species of Gnidia in Lasiosiphon. The morphological characters of these species are consistent with this conclusion. We accordingly provide 29 new combinations in Lasiosiphon for species of Gnidia that currently lack combinations in that genus. We also provide a comprehensive nomenclature of all currently recognized Lasiosiphon species at the regional level worldwide, as the framework for future taxonomic revisions in the genus.
Telemetric ICP-monitoring in children; a national questionnaire-based study
Authors: Pedersen Sarah Hornshøj , Henriksen Kasper Amund , Gustafsen Sara Duus , Hansen Torben Skovbo , Guldager Rikke , Juhler Marianne
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Telemetric monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) facilitates long-term measurements and home-monitoring, thus potentially reducing diagnostic imaging and acute hospital admissions in favour of outpatient appointments. Especially in pediatric patients, telemetric ICP-monitoring requires a high level of collaboration and compliance from patients and parents. In this study, we aim to systematically investigate 1) patient- and parent perception of telemetric ICP system utility and 2) hospital contact history and thus potential cost-benefit of telemetric ICP monitoring in pediatric patients with a cerebrospinal fluid disorder.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide questionnaire study including pediatric patients with either a current or previous telemetric ICP sensor and their parents. Additionally, a retrospective review of electronic health records for all included children was performed.

Results

We included 16 children (age range 3-16 years), with a total of 41 telemetric ICP sensors implanted. Following sensor implantation, the frequency of telephone contacts and outpatient visits increased. No corresponding decrease in either hospital admissions or total length of stay was found.
The telemetric ICP sensor provided most parents with an improved sense of security and was seen as a necessary and valuable tool in treatment guidance. Size and shape of the sensor itself were reported as a disadvantage, while the external monitoring equipment was reported as easy to use, but too large and heavy for a child to carry.

Conclusion

Though, in quantitative terms, there was no cost-benefit of the telemetric ICP sensor, it contributes to an extended parental involvement and a sense of improved safety.
Analysis of 3D Pendulum sliding along a Rope
Authors: Kožar Ivica
Published: February 2024

The paper deals with a dynamic engineering problem in which a mass attached to a pendulum slides along a cable. In this problem, the pendulum mass and the cable are coupled in a model described by a system of algebraic differential equations (DAE). In this paper, the formulation of the system of differential equations modelling the problem is presented together with the determination of the initial conditions. The developed model is general in the sense of a free choice of support location, elastic rope properties, pendulum length and the inclusion of braking forces. This model can be used in the design of real rope structures such as zip lines. Many calculated values that can be measured on a real structure can be exported from the model and used for parameter calibration. In one example, the model is related to a real rope structure to illustrate and validate the model. The most important aspect of the model is its ability to estimate the safety of a ropeway quickly and easily.
Comparison of Fine root Biomass Stand of Three Tree Species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Accacia abyssinica and Cordia africana) at Bahirdar University, Peda Campus
Authors: Worku Abebe , Yemata Getahun
Published: February 2024

Even though fine roots consist of small fraction (<5 %) of the total biomass of standing crop, fine root production represents a large proportion (30 % - 65 %) of annual net primary production in forest ecosystems. Therefore, investigation on the tree fine root dynamics of different tree species could provide information on the role of each species in nutrient cycle, carbon cycle, and carbon sequestration in their ecosystems. Furthermore, understanding on fine root biomass production and turnover enhances sustainable management practices of forest ecosystems. In this study three tree species (A. abyssinica, C. africana, E. camaldulensis) were selected to investigate fine root biomass stand at the Peda Campus of Bahir Dar University. These three species were compared for their total fine root biomass. The depth wise distribution of fine root biomass was investigated for these three tree species. E. camaldulensis showed significantly (P<0.05) highest fine root biomass than A. abyssinica and C. Africana. Fine root biomass observation for A. abyssinica, C. Africana, and E. camaldulensis were; 281.5 ±20.5, 286.6±12.2, and 755.4±28.2, respectively in g/m2 (Mean±SE). 74% of fine root biomass for both of Acacia abyssinica and E. Camaldulensis, and 79% of fine root biomass for C. africana were concentrated at the upper soil profile to the depth of only 20 cm. The result suggest that E. camaldulensis is much more important species in carbon cycle, Nutrient cycle, and carbon sequestration. The depth wise reduction of fine root biomass in all of the three species indicates that soil moisture and organic matter are much more available at the upper soil profile and decreasing when the depth increases. Nutrient content and other traits of the fine roots must be studied further so as to use the data for the management of forest ecosystems or plantations of the selected species.
IgA monoclonal gammopathies are accompanied with higher serum TGF-β1 levels than IgG or IgM monoclonal gammopathies – screening study
Authors: Maslovarić Irina , Kosanović Dejana , Marković Dragana , Prodanović Milan , Savić Olivera , Ilić Vesna , Minić Rajna
Published: February 2024

Background
The progression of monoclonal gammopathies is affected by a range of factors, including the microenvironment surrounding plasma cells. It is recognized that TGF-β1 plays a distinct role in stimulating IgA production. Hence, this study aims to investigate whether individuals with serum IgA monoclonal immunoglobulins (paraproteins) exhibit elevated total TGF-β1 levels compared to those with IgG or IgM paraproteins.
Method
To achieve this goal, individuals with a positive laboratory findings of monoclonal gammopathy, were segregated according to the paraprotein class, as well as according to the type of the light chain. Total TGF-β1 levels were assessed in blood serum samples containing IgG (n = 50), IgM (n = 31), and IgA (n = 46) paraproteins.
Results
Elevated level of TGF-β1 was confirmed in sera with IgA paraproteins (median 25.8 ng/ml; interquartile range IQR: 19.0-33.7) compared to those having IgG (median: 18.2 ng/ml; IQR: 14.3–22.1; P < 0.001) or IgM paraproteins (21.5 ng/ml; IQR: 15.0-27.4; P = 0.043). Also, higher TGF-β1 level was detected in sera with IgMλ then those with IgMκ paraproteins (P = 0.043).
Conclusions
This research affirms the role of TGF-β1 in the pathophysiology of IgA monoclonal gammopathies and potential switch towards IgA isotype, known for less favorable prognosis.
Trends analysis and change point detection in precipitation time series over the Eastern Province of Rwanda during 1981-2021
Authors: Rwema Michel , Sylla Mouhamadou Bamba , Safari Bonfils , Roininen Lassi , Laine Marko
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the trends and ascertain the change points of the significant trends in agro-climate indices time series over 56 meteorological stations distributed across the Eastern Province of Rwanda for the period 1981–2021. In this regard, the Mann-Kendall and Regional Kendall tests, Sen’s Slope, and Sequential Mann-Kendall Rank Statistic tests are applied to five indicators critical for agriculture practices being seasonal rainfall amount, number of rainy days, rainfall classes (light, moderate, and heavy rainy days) as well as onset and cessation dates for the two rainy seasons: March-April-May and September-October-November-December. The results indicate that in the northern part, there is a tendency towards increasing number of rainy days and heavy rain days favoured by a lengthening of both seasons leading to elevated precipitation amount. In contrast, over the central and southeast parts, decreasing trends in the number of rainy days as well as moderate and/or heavy rain days are consistent with a tendency towards a shortening of the seasons causing declining in precipitation amount. Finally, the analysis of change points reveals for the majority of the indices that, generally, stations undergoing a decreasing (increasing) trends have experienced abrupt variations in the last two decades (in the 1980s or 1990s). These contrasting features have prompted different agricultural practices and caused many crop failures across the various regions. Enhanced climate information services and effective adaptation options are thus needed to boost agriculture in the Eastern Province of Rwanda.
Electroacupuncture for the Recovery of Patients Undergoing gastrointestinal cancers surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Xueer , Wang Yanrui , Ding Maoyu , Cai Yiqing , Luk Pak Hang , Zhao Jiping , Yang Chao , Zhang Jiajia , Wang Zichen , Zang Xiaomin , Huang Yuhui , Tan Cheng
Published: February 2024

Objective The aim of this review was to assess the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on gastrointestinal function, pain relief and quality of life after surgery for gastrointestinal cancer.Methods Randomised controlled trials were searched in the ten databases and assessed for methodological quality using the risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were performed using Revman 5.3 software to examine the effects of EA.Results 19 RCTs with 1937 participants were included, the intervention of the control group was usual care (UC) in 15 RCTs and sham electroacupuncture (SA) in 4 RCTs. When EA compared with UC, the meta analysis showed a significant improvement in the time of first exhaust (-10.77 [-13.45 to -8.08]), time of first defecation (-17.91 [-25.25, -14. 32]), time to recovery of bowel sounds (-12.44 [-15.00, -9.87]), time to tolerance of liquid diet (-18.14 [-24.98, -11.29] ), time to tolerance of semi-liquid diet (-20.44 [-33.84, -7.04]), VAS day1 (-0.65 [-0.80, -0.49]), VAS day2 (-1.00 [-1.14, -0.86]), VAS day3 (-0.57 [-0.80, -0.34]), while no significantly decreasing in the hospital stay (-1.16 [-2.56, 0.24]). When EA compared with SA, the time of first exhaust (-15.78 [-24.96 to -6. 60]), time of first defecation (-20.42 [-36.14, -4.70]), hospitalization time (-1.37 [-2.69, -0.05]), time to independent walking (-0.33 [-0.62, -0.04]) was reduced by EA.Conclusion EA may improve gastrointestinal function and quality of life, relieve pain after surgery for gastrointestinal cancer compared with the controls(usual care or shame electroacupunture). Given the high degree of heterogeneity, these findings should be validated in future trials.
Landscape of Epstein-Barr virus gene expression and perturbations in cancer
Authors: Tang Ka-Wei , Tian Yarong , Xie Guojiang , Bäckerholm Alan , Holmqvist Isak , Vracar Diana , Lin Jianqiong , Carlsten Jonas , Abrahamsson Sanna , Liu Zhentao , Huang Yufei , Shair Kathy
Published: February 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent for multiple neoplastic diseases of epithelial and lymphocytic origin1-3. The heterogeneity of the viral elements expressed and the mechanisms by which these coding and non-coding genes maintain cancer cell properties in vivo remain elusive4,5. Here we conducted a multi-modal transcriptomic analysis of EBV-associated neoplasms and identified that the ubiquitously expressed RPMS1 non-coding RNAs support cancer cell properties by disruption of the interferon response. Our map of EBV expression shows a variable, but pervasive expression of BNLF2 discerned from the overlapping LMP1 RNA in bulk sequencing data. Using long-read single-molecule sequencing, we identified three new viral elements within the RPMS1 gene. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing datasets allowed for the separation of cancer cells and healthy cells from the same tissue biopsy and the characterization of a microenvironment containing interferon gamma excreted by EBV-stimulated T-lymphocytes. In comparison with healthy epithelium, EBV-transformed cancer cells exhibited increased proliferation and inhibited immune response induced by the RPMS1-encoded microRNAs. Our atlas of EBV expression shows that the EBV-transformed cancer cells express high levels of non-coding RNAs originating from RPMS1 and that the oncogenic properties are maintained by RPMS1 microRNAs. Through bioinformatic disentanglement of single cells from cancer tissues we identified a positive feedback loop where EBV-activated immune cells stimulate cancer cells to proliferate, which in turn undergo viral reactivation and trigger an immune response.
Novel Laccase Biosensors from Manihot Esculenta, Crantz -Associated Fungi: A Biotechnological Approach to Dopamine Quantification
Authors: Vieira Mariana Pontes , Bersanetti Patrícia Alessandra , Garcia Vitor Stabile , Ett Gerhard , Morandim-Giannetti Andreia de Araújo
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the association of endophytic fungi with the leaves and stems of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), leading to the isolation and identification of 23 fungal strains. Of these, 18 fungi were associated with stems and 5 with leaves. Subsequent analysis revealed laccase activity in 7 fungi isolates, predominantly within those derived from stems. Notably, the fungus LV2, identified as a strain of Xylaria sp., exhibited the highest laccase activity (0.03 U.mg− 1.min− 1). Optimal LV2 fungus growth and enzyme activity conditions were established at 11 days, pH 6.70, and 29ºC (0.051 U.mg− 1.min− 1). Utilizing the LV2 enzymatic extract, we developed a chitosan-based enzyme biosensor with STMP crosslinking for immobilization to detect low dopamine concentrations. The biosensor demonstrated optimal performance at pH 5.1 and 47.8ºC, achieving a detection limit of 0.30 µmol.L− 1 for dopamine.
The acute effect of atropine 0.1% on the axial length and choroid of children treated for myopia progression prevention, measured by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Koulalis Jannis , Nelis Pieter , Cools Wilfried , Tezcan Fatma , Kuijpers Robert W.
Published: February 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of atropine to better understand atropine’s mechanism of action in myopia prevention. The present study investigates whether atropine’s effect on the AxL comes forth from an increase in choroidal thickness (ChT) using SS-OCTa (swept source optical coherence tomography angiography).
Methods Twenty-five myopic children (25 eyes) (9 male and 16 females; mean age 11.8 years, range 7-15 years) were enrolled following documented myopia progression and AxL increase in the preceding 6 months. Using SS-OCTa, ChT and CSV (choroidal stromal volume) were measured at baseline and after 1 month of daily Atropine 0.1% use. AxL measurements were taken on the same days.
Results Following one month of daily instillation with atropine 0.1%, ChT increased by 22.41 ± 4.20 μm (p < 0,01), CSV increased by 1.08 ± 1.02 mm3 (p < 0,01) and AxL decreased by 0.044 ± 0.016 mm (p < 0,05), shown by mean ± standard error (SE). The CSV and ChT increase show a negative correlation with the AxL decrease of -0.462 and -0.374 respectively, demonstrating a weak to moderate correlation.
Conclusions Administration of atropine 0.1% eye drops daily over one month demonstrated an acute decrease in AxL concurrent with an increase in ChT and CSV. A direct cause-and-effect relationship between these two parameters is plausible, supporting a differentiated effect in the immediate and long-term effects of atropine eye drops.
Novel Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitor Induces Ferroptosis in Multiple Myeloma Through Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaoshun , Li Xiaoqi , Xiong Xingfang , Xue Renyu , Zang Lanlan , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Lijuan
Published: February 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant hematologic neoplasm, and the involvement of epigenetic modifications in its development and drug resistance has received widespread attention. Ferroptosis, a new ferroptosis-dependent programmed death mode, is closely associated with the development of MM. The effects of DCG066 on the viability of MM cell lines ARH-77 and RPMI-8226 cells were detected by MTT assay and Calcein-AM/PI live/dead Cell Assay Kit; intracellular level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry; and intracellular level of iron was detected by Iron Assay Kit. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in cells were detected by Malondialdehyde Content Assay Kit and Reduced Glutathione Content Assay Kit; the levels of Solute Carrier Family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor Red Factor 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2), and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that DCG066 (5µM) inhibited the proliferation and induced ferroptosis in MM cells; the intracellular levels of ROS, iron, and MDA were significantly elevated, and the level of GSH was reduced after the treatment of DCG066; The protein expression levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly reduced, and these phenomena could be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Nrf2 activator Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). In conclusion, this study confirmed that DCG066 inhibits MM proliferation and induces ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.