bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anabatistas sob o Cruzeiro do Sul: a experiência Menonita no Brasil (1930-1945)
Authors: Maske Wilson
Published: May 2013

A imigração de alemães menonitas para o Brasil, notadamente para o Paraná e para Santa Catarina, revestiu-se de um caráter bastante especial, em comparação com outros grupos imigrantes. Originários da Reforma Protestante do século XVI, os menonitas se constituíram num grupo religioso bastante fechado e que rejeitava o contato com o mundo secularizado. Seus fundamentos religiosos se basearam no anabatismo, que rejeitava a ordem constituída, em nível religioso e também na relação do cristão com o Estado. Por esse motivo, os menonitas passaram a ser fortemente perseguidos, o que os fez buscar colonizar áreas despovoadas na Europa e nas Américas, em colônias fechadas, autogovernadas, onde tudo, inclusive atividades econômicas, hospitais e escolas, estava sob seu controle. Esse isolamento levou-os a criar uma identidade religiosa e étnica muito própria e característica, em que a língua alemã exercia um papel de coesão do grupo e que se fundamentava numa produção de memória histórica bastante ampla. Apesar de pacifistas, muitas vezes os menonitas foram vistos como elementos perigosos que precisavam ser integrados pelos governos dos países em que residiam. Disso resultaram imigrações forçadas, como foi o caso dos menonitas que chegaram ao Brasil a partir de 1930, vindos da Rússia soviética. Nesse estudo, será analisado também de que forma os menonitas tentaram implementar um projeto de colonização, primeiro em Santa Catarina e depois no Paraná, que possibilitasse sua sobrevivência econômica, mas também permitisse a manutenção da identidade religiosa e étnica do grupo, privilegiando a produção de fontes pelo grupo.]
Categorías emergentes: identidad y formación integral en la educación religiosa
Authors: Lozano Yebrail Castañeda , Palacios Amparo Novoa
Published: May 2013

El presente artículo como resultado de investigación presenta dos categorías fundamentales que pueden ayudar a reestructurar la Educación Religiosa. Para tal fin, se desarrolla la categoría de identidad desde el aporte antropológico, ético y educativo con sus diversas matizaciones y luego se analiza la categoría de Formación integral a partir del marco institucional de la Universidad de La Salle y la Universidad Javeriana. De este modo, se llega a concluir que la Educación Religiosa está llamada a gestar procesos integrales en la persona, que posibiliten comprensiones que superen visiones dualistas de la realidad y así se descubra que el rol del Misterio en la vida humana se encuentra en la cohesión que se evidencia cuando encontramos sentido a la vida.
Health Coaching for the Underserved
Authors: Jordan Meg
Published: May 2013

Twelve individuals (four homeless, two formerly homeless, and six low-income) received 12 weeks of free health coaching, an intervention normally undertaken by clients who pay $40 to $200 out of pocket for coaching services. The health coaching relationships were conducted with protocols developed for managing executive health at a Fortune 100 firm. This experimental model was constructed to explore what happens when coaching conversations for change and possibility are delivered to marginalized and underserved communities that typically undergo vastly different interactions with authorities in law, healthcare, and social services. Phase 1 of the project recruited the homeless individuals from street sites throughout San Francisco, California, and a temporary shelter. Phase 2 of the project worked with low-income and formerly homeless individuals who occupied a subsidized housing complex. Of the coaching recipients, three were black, five were Hispanic, three were of mixed race, and one declined to disclose his ethnicity. Half were Spanish speaking; immigrant status was recent for five of the 12. None had ever talked with a health coach before; only three knew how to utilize low-cost public health clinics. This case report illustrates how the motivational power of coaching conversations was a modestly useful methodology in breaking through the social isolation and loneliness of street-dwelling adults with chronic health problems. It also was a useful methodology for developing capacity for accomplishing short-term goals that were self-identified. Additionally, health coaching presented an opportunity for transitioning poverty-level individuals from passive recipients using public health sector services to more empowered actors with first-stage awareness who initiated preventive health actions.
Arquitetura militar ou fortificação moderna
Authors: da Sylveyra Vellozo Diogo
Published: May 2013

O professor e arquiteto Mário Mendonça de Oliveira lançou em Salvador, por intermédio da editora da Universidade Federal da Bahia, um tratado inédito de Engenharia Militar, escrito em Pernambuco pelo Brigadeiro Diogo da Silveira Vellozo, e intitulado "Arquitetura Militar ou Fortificação Moderna", um texto interessantíssimo do século XVIII, que consegue desvendar, para os não iniciados, os segredos da fortificação abaluartada e da engenharia da época. Trata-se de texto obrigatório para historiadores, engenheiros, arquitetos e restauradores. O professor Mário Mendonça organizou e transcreveu o manuscrito, acrescentando abundantes notas explicativas que aclaram o texto original, que contém ainda 49 pranchas de desenhos que foram reproduzidos com sistema digital. É um documento que permite ver a grande erudição e conhecimento deste personagem da construção do Brasil. Este livro vem se juntar a outra publicação recente do professor Mário Mendonça, "As Fortificações Portuguesas de Salvador", ambas obras fundamentais para o conhecimento das fortificações militares no Brasil.
Hobbling Scholarship: A Librarian’s Perspective on Inequitable Access to Calls for Papers for Publication and Presentations
Authors: Leman Hope
Published: May 2013

Those of us in the academic and library communities are at least somewhat familiar with the Open Access (OA) movement. Discussion (sometimes quite heated) about Open Access abounds in discussion lists in librarianship, in Twitter, and in the librarianship, science, and academia- related blogosphere. Until recently, the discussion has taken place mainly among those in the sciences and medicine and librarianship. But now historians and others in the digital humanities are increasingly joining in. Additionally, the last few years have seen such developments as the rise of “predatory publishers” (i.e. publishers that dupe scholars into agreements to publish that turn out to entail heavy fees for the scholars or their institutions) and pro-Open Access activity at the federal level in the US at the Congressional and White House levels. Open Access impassions people. The Open Access movement even has in the late activist Aaron Swartz what some call its first martyr. Clearly, this is a movement that matters. This article will focus on one aspect of that debate: the need for Open Access to apply to calls for papers (CFPs) for periodicals and conferences.
Rhabdoviruses
Authors: Healy Derek M , Banyard Ashley C , Fooks Anthony R
Published: May 2013

The family Rhabdoviridae belongs within the order Mononegavirales, and is made up of six different genera: the
Vesiculoviruses
, the
Ephemeroviruses
, the
Lyssaviruses
, the
Cytorhabdoviruses
, the
Nucleorhabdoviruses
and the
Novirhabdoviruses
. Alongside these virus groups numerous other viruses await classification into this family. Rhabdovirus virions contain a nonsegmented negative‐sense single‐stranded
ribonucleic acid
(RNA) genome encoding five proteins: the nucleocapsid protein (N), the phosphoprotein (P), the matrix protein (M), the glycoprotein (G) and the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase protein (L), and typically have a distinctive bullet shape. This diverse group of over 165 viruses can infect a range of species including mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, insects and plants. Several of these viruses cause notable economic losses to both the agriculture and aquaculture sector. However, only the lyssaviruses and the vesiculoviruses are able to infect both animals and humans to cause clinical disease, with rabies virus being the most significant human pathogen.

Key Concepts:

Only the lyssaviruses and the vesiculoviruses are able to infect both animals and humans to cause clinical diseases.

Rabies is one of the most deadly infectious diseases known today with a case‐fatality rate approaching 100%.

Rabies virus is the most notable human pathogen.

Virions are bullet‐shaped and consist of an envelope, covered with peplomers surrounding a helically coiled cylindrical nucleocapsid.

The genome consists of a single molecule of linear negative‐sense, single‐stranded RNA, 13–16 kb in size.

The Rhabdoviridae are a diverse group of highly adaptable viruses with a broad host range.
Human Herpesviruses‐6 and ‐7 (
HHV
‐6A,
HHV
‐6B and
HHV
‐7)
Authors: Ward Katherine N
Published: May 2013

Infection with human herpesviruses‐6 and ‐7 (HHV‐6/7) is universal in human populations. Early studies did not distinguish between the two virus species, HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B. No disease has been causally linked to HHV‐6A, but HHV‐6B and HHV‐7 are established as a cause of febrile illness in early childhood that is sometimes accompanied by fits. HHV‐6B can also cause encephalitis after haematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Chromosomally integrated HHV‐6 (either A or B) is a condition in which the complete viral genome is present in every nucleated cell in the body; it occurs in a minority of people and is vertically transmitted. Lack of recognition of this phenomenon has led to the misdiagnosis of active infection and inappropriate use of antiviral therapy. An important unresolved question is whether integrated virus is a cause of disease.

Key Concepts:

The term HHV‐6 covers two herpesvirus species, HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B.

HHV‐6A is not known to cause any disease.

HHV‐6B primary infection may cause fever, rash and febrile fits.

HHV‐6B reactivation may cause encephalitis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

HHV‐7 primary infection may cause fever, rash and febrile fits.

Chromosomal integration of HHV‐6 (CIHHV‐6) involves either HHV‐6A or HHV‐6B and is always telomeric.

CIHHV‐6 occurs in approximately 1% of the human population and is vertically transmitted.

A lack of understanding of the phenomenon of CIHHV‐6 has led to misdiagnosis of disease and inappropriate antiviral treatment.

Whether or not CIHHV‐6 can reactivate
in vivo
and cause disease is currently unknown.
Is There a Role for Genetic Testing in Sports?
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , McNamee Michael J
Published: May 2013

The last 15 years have witnessed a boom of genetic tests for sport performance. They relate to both the ability to predict athletes at higher risks for specific injuries, and to the ability to predict athletic talent. They raise scientific and ethical issues related to confidentiality, conflict of interest of the sports physician, informed consent in children and the possible infringement on the athlete's autonomy. We distinguish here genetic tests for injury prevention in four cases: (1) concussion‐related traumatic brain injuries; (2) sudden‐cardiac arrest‐related conditions; (3) overexertion complications related to the sickle‐cell anaemia trait; (4) Achilles tendinopathies and anterior crucial ligament ruptures. In addition, we discuss direct‐to‐consumer genetic tests for athletic performance prediction in children. We argue that although the former kind of genetic tests has utility, within the bounds of specified limitations, the latter is both ethically and scientifically problematic.

Key Concepts:

Genetic tests, whether administered by a doctor or as a direct‐to‐consumer product, cannot accurately predict an individual's predisposition to a greater risk of concussion, and should not be used in deciding whether or not athletes should return to play after a traumatic brain injury.

Genetic testing can play an important role in evaluating an athlete's risk of sudden cardiac‐arrest‐related conditions and could be included in rigorous preparticipatory screenings, but they should not be used as the basis for mandatory exclusion of individuals from participation in professional sports as that would constitute an infringement of their autonomy.

Genetic screening for sickle cell anaemia trait is able to identify individuals at higher risk of developing possibly fatal overexertion complications on the field of play. The mandatory genetic screening for the sickle cell trait as that put in place by NCAA should make sure not to discriminate against carriers of the trait and, in particular, not to target African‐Americans where the prevalence of the trait is higher. The NCAA should consider extending the screening to student athletes of all Divisions.

Genetic tests for an athlete's predisposition to Achilles tendinopathies and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can and should be incorporated in a multifactorial risk model for the prediction of individuals at higher risk of this kind of injuries and for personalised training and prevention, but it should be noted that this kind of tests are not diagnostic in nature and that other nongenetic factors should always be taken into account in the prediction of individuals at a higher risk of developing injuries of Achilles tendon and ACL.

DTC genetic tests claiming to be able to predict athletic performance or athletic potential make overstated marketing claims and should not be taken seriously. In addition, they raise specific problems of informed consent in children, and of confidentiality and informed consent when used in the context of professional sports medicine.
Virophage Concept, The
Authors: Gaia Morgan , Colson Philippe , Desnues Christelle , La Scola Bernard
Published: May 2013

The existence of small viruses that depend on the coinfection of their host cells by another virus has been known for a long time. These viruses are considered to be satellites of their helper viruses. The discovery of Sputnik, Mavirus and the Organic Lake virophage shook this vision of subviral agents. Indeed, these new viruses are not only dependent on coinfection but are also noxious for their so‐called host viruses, leading to sick particles. This surprising capability established the concept of a virophage, which is a virus infecting a virus. Studies on the morphology, life cycle and genomes of virophages have enriched this concept by highlighting unexpected features. Thus, the question of the classification of the virophages among the satellite viruses within the virosphere has been brought to light.

Key Concepts:

Virophages are small viruses discovered to be associated with the largest viruses of the virosphere.

As satellite viruses, virophages are dependent on coinfection of their host cells with their host viruses.

This coinfection results in the lysis of the cell, diminution of the production and infectivity of the host virus and an increase in the production of abnormal particles of the giant virus.

The virophages may hijack the replication mechanisms of their host viruses within their host cells.

Virophage replication occurs in the viral factory, a dense cytoplasmic region that appears a few hours after infection by the host virus with or without its virophage.
Li‐Doped Cr2MnO4: A New p‐Type Transparent Conducting Oxide by Computational Materials Design
Authors: Peng Haowei , Zakutayev Andriy , Lany Stephan , Paudel Tula R. , d'Avezac Mayeul , Ndione Paul F. , Perkins John D. , Ginley David S. , Nagaraja Arpun R. , Perry Nicola H. , Mason Thomas O. , Zunger Alex
Published: May 2013

To accelerate the design and discovery of novel functional materials, here, p‐type transparent conducting oxides, an inverse design approach is formulated, integrating three steps: i) articulating the target properties and selecting an initial pool of candidates based on “design principles”, ii) screening this initial pool by calculating the “selection metrics” for each member, and iii) laboratory realization and more‐detailed theoretical validation of the remaining “best‐of‐class” materials. Following a design principle that suggests using d55 cations for good p‐type conductivity in oxides, the Inverse Design approach is applied to the class of ternary Mn(II) oxides, which are usually considered to be insulating materials. As a result, Cr2MnO4 is identified as an oxide closely following “selection metrics” of thermodynamic stability, wide‐gap, p‐type dopability, and band‐conduction mechanism for holes (no hole self‐trapping). Lacking an intrinsic hole‐producing acceptor defect, Li is further identified as a suitable dopant. Bulk synthesis of Li‐doped Cr2MnO4 exhibits at least five orders of magnitude enhancement of the hole conductivity compared to undoped samples. This novel approach of stating functionality first, then theoretically searching for candidates that merits synthesis and characterization, promises to replace the more traditional non‐systematic approach for the discovery of advanced functional materials.
Silver‐Catalyzed Stereoselective [3+2] Cycloadditions of Cyclopropyl‐Indanimines with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hung Hsiao‐Hua , Liao Yi‐Ching , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: May 2013

Silver‐catalyzed stereoselective [3+2] cycloadditions between mono‐substituted cyclopropyl‐indanimines and aldehydes are reported. The stereochemical course of the reaction is rationalized with a cyclic transition state. The resulting indanimine cycloadducts are not readily hydrolyzed unless external aldehydes are present with the silver catalyst. Notably, this hydrolysis process leads to a change of stereochemistry for the resulting indanone products.
Preparation of Optically Enriched 3‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones by Heterogeneous Catalytic Cascade Reaction over Supported Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Szőllősi György , Makra Zsolt , Kovács Lenke , Fülöp Ferenc , Bartók Mihály
Published: May 2013

The development of a novel heterogeneous catalytic asymmetric cascade reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from 2‐nitrophenylpyruvates is reported. Optically enriched 3‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones are prepared by enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over a Cinchona alkaloid‐modified Pt catalyst, reduction of the nitro group and spontaneous cyclization cascade. Acceleration of the enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over the catalyst modified by Cinchona alkaloids ensured high tetrahydroquinolinone selectivities. The scope of the reaction was checked using twelve substrates. Both yields and enantioselectivities were significantly influenced by the nature and position of the substituents on the phenyl ring. Substituents adjacent to the nitro group considerably increased the product yield, due to their effect on the nitro group′s reduction rate; however, had only a limited effect on enantioselectivities.
Directed Magnesiation of Polyhaloaromatics using the Tetramethylpiperidylmagnesium Reagents TMP2Mg⋅2 LiCl and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl
Authors: Unsinn Andreas , Rohbogner Christoph J. , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2013

A convenient and efficient functionalization of polyhaloaromatics via regioselective magnesiation has been developed. Starting from simple, inexpensive but structurally challenging arenes, metallation by magnesium amide bases was achieved under mild conditions. The desired Grignard reagents were stable towards aryne formation, were obtained in good yields within short reaction times and could be reacted with a variety of typical electrophiles, providing attractive, functionalized building blocks in good to excellent yields. As an application we have prepared the antimicrobial natural product 2,6‐dichloro‐3‐phenethylphenol isolated from the New Zealand liverwort Riccardia marginata. This synthesis involves a mixed bimetallic compound prepared via metallation of a phenylboronic acid pinacol ester derivative and subsequent selective cross‐coupling.
Effect of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Yield, Conductivity, and Ammonia Sensing of Polyaniline
Authors: Navarchian Amir H. , Hasanzadeh Zahra , Joulazadeh Mehrnaz
Published: May 2013

This paper addresses the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) via a rapid mixing method in which a nanosheet (nanoflake) structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures of acid‐ and ammonia‐dedoped PANI samples were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of polymerization conditions (time and temperature of reaction, monomer/oxidant ratio, and acid type) on the polymerization yield, electrical conductivity, and ammonia‐sensing performance of PANI‐based sensors were investigated using a Taguchi experimental design. It was found that acid type has the most significant effect on polymerization yield and ammonia‐sensing property of PANI. The conductivity of PANI films was mostly influenced by reaction time, reaction temperature, and acid type, respectively. Some interesting behaviors were observed for influential factors that have been comprehensively justified. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21356; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21356
White blood cell count and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Venetz Carmen , Labarère José , Jiménez David , Aujesky Drahomir
Published: May 2013

Although associated with adverse outcomes in other cardiovascular diseases, the prognostic value of an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, a marker of inflammation and hypercoagulability, is uncertain in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We therefore sought to assess the prognostic impact of the WBC in a large, state‐wide retrospective cohort of patients with PE. We evaluated 14,228 patient discharges with a primary diagnosis of PE from 186 hospitals in Pennsylvania. We used random‐intercept logistic regression to assess the independent association between WBC count levels at the time of presentation and mortality and hospital readmission within 30 days, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Patients with an admission WBC count <5.0, 5.0–7.8, 7.9–9.8, 9.9–12.6, and >12.6 × 109/L had a cumulative 30‐day mortality of 10.9%, 6.2%, 5.4%, 8.3%, and 16.3% (P < 0.001), and a readmission rate of 17.6%, 11.9%, 10.9%, 11.5%, and 15.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with a WBC count 7.9–9.8 × 109/L, adjusted odds of 30‐day mortality were significantly greater for patients with a WBC count <5.0 × 109/L (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–2.03), 9.9–12.6 × 109/L (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.26–1.91), or >12.6 × 109/L (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.83–2.69), respectively. The adjusted odds of readmission were also significantly increased for patients with a WBC count <5.0 × 109/L (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–1.68) or >12.6 × 109/L (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10–1.51). In patients presenting with PE, WBC count is an independent predictor of short‐term mortality and hospital readmission. Am. J. Hematol. 88:677–681, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bleeding from the eyes and through intact skin: Physiologic, structural, spiritual, or faked?
Authors: Bezner Stephanie K. , Buchanan George R.
Published: May 2013

Patients with an apparent bleeding disorder can usually be diagnosed by a careful history, physical examination, and screening laboratory tests. However, at times the constellation of bleeding signs and symptoms fail to be explained by test results and/or our current understanding of hemostatic mechanisms. One such patient is the subject of the current report. She is a 13‐year‐old female with a history of striking bleeding manifestations, including spontaneous hemorrhage from her eyes, scalp, hands, and feet. She was evaluated by one of the authors at a teaching hospital in Mumbai, India in March 2009 during the filming of a National Geographic Channel documentary characterizing puzzling medical disorders encountered in India. Given her unusual bleeding manifestations, she received international media attention at the time. National Geographic and a film company in the United Kingdom subsequently expressed interest in highlighting the patient to document her seemingly rare hematologic disorder and contacted the American Society of Hematology to identify an American hematologist to further investigate the case. With consent of the family and collaboration with a hematologist practicing at a teaching hospital in Mumbai, filming commenced during March 2009 in an attempt to capture the patient's diagnosis and the cultural and medical milieu in which the bleeding events occurred. Am. J. Hematol. 88:713–716, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cysts of the maxillary sinus: a literature review
Authors: Giotakis Evangelos I. , Weber Rainer K.
Published: May 2013

Background

Patients with isolated mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus (MMC) often undergo surgical treatment despite the absence of relevant symptoms. Some physicians believe that MMC might increase in size and cause complications in the future. The anticipated value of this study is to consolidate and improve the understanding of MMC based on published data and to contribute to avoiding unnecessary interventions.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive review of the literature regarding definition, etiology, epidemiology, natural course, and best treatment of MMC.

Results

Among the 988 papers found in the literature search, 33 studies were selected to be relevant. Among those studies, there are only a few prospective controlled studies. Their prevalence rates range broadly from 3.6% to 35.6% according to different diagnostic methods as well as different indications for imaging. Recent prospective studies showed no correlation of MMC with sinonasal complaints or Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) score. The natural course is characterized by a decrease in size of MMC in 30% of the cases, an unchanged status in 50% to 60%, and an increase in 8% to 20% of the cases.

Conclusion

MMC are harmless, mostly asymptomatic lesions that usually do not need surgical treatment. If surgery is indicated, endonasal endoscopic techniques should be the gold‐standard approach.
Corrupt language, corrupt thought: the White Paper The importance of teaching
Authors: Lumby Jacky , Muijs Daniel
Published: May 2013

This article deconstructs the language of the 2010 UK Coalition Government's White Paper, The Importance of Teaching. It uses analytical frameworks related to rhetoric established by Aristotle and Cicero. It explores the mechanisms of language using both critical discourse analysis and content analysis, offering quantitative data on the content of the paper and qualitative data on the literary strategies employed. It is concerned not only with how what is communicated persuades but also the ethics of persuasion; what is suggested and to what end. The article suggests a mutually reinforcing relationship between poverty of language and poverty of thought. The Coalition Government asserts an heroic stance to act radically to free victimised teachers from the burdens of bureaucracy imposed by the previous government. However, rather than radical action to make change, the findings suggest that the White Paper presents an illusory carapace of change that conceals fundamental continuity. It reassures all of the commitment of government and audiences to change while sustaining education as fundamentally unchanged.
Insights into the binding of paclitaxel to human serum albumin: multispectroscopic studies
Authors: Yang Xiuli , Ye Zuowu , Yuan Yong , Zheng Zaoqian , Shi Jiana , Ying Yin , Huang Ping
Published: May 2013

The interaction of paclitaxel with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied using fluorescence, resonance light scattering, ultraviolet‐visible, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at pH 7.4. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by paclitaxel was a static quenching procedure. Time‐resolved fluorescence data also confirmed the quenching mode, which present a constant decay time of about 5 ns. The binding sites were approximately 1 and the binding constant suggested a weak association (324/M at 298 K), which is helpful for the release of the drug to targeted organs. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔG○, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated as – 1.06 × 104 J/mol, 361 J/mol per K and 9.7 × 104 J/mol respectively at 298 K, suggesting that binding was spontaneous and was driven mainly by hydrophobic interactions. The binding distance between HSA and paclitaxel was determined to be 2.23 nm based on the Förster theory. Analysis of circular dichroism, ultraviolet‐visible, three‐dimensional fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared and resonance light scattering spectra demonstrated that HSA conformation was slightly altered in the presence of paclitaxel and dimension of the individual HSA molecules were larger after interacting with paclitaxel. These results were confirmed by a molecular docking study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous management of left atrial appendage perforation during device closure
Authors: Meier Bernhard , Tarbine Sergio G. , Costantini Costantino R.
Published: May 2013

A 76‐year‐old male patient was admitted for percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure because of chronic atrial fibrillation and a history of gastrointestinal bleeding under oral anticoagulation. The procedure was complicated by perforation of the LAA with the lobe of the closure device being placed in the pericardial space. Keeping access to the pericardial space with the delivery sheath, the LAA closure device was replaced by an atrial septal defect closure device to seal the perforation. Then the initial LAA closure device was reimplanted in a correct position. Needle pericardiocentesis was required but the subsequent course was uneventful. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compressed images for affinity prediction (CIFAP): a study on predicting binding affinities for checkpoint kinase 1 protein inhibitors
Authors: Erdas Ozlem , Andac Cenk A. , Selen Gurkan‐Alp A. , Alpaslan Ferda Nur , Buyukbingol Erdem
Published: May 2013

Analyses of known protein–ligand interactions play an important role in designing novel and efficient drugs, contributing to drug discovery and development. Recently, machine learning methods have proven useful in the design of novel drugs, which utilize intelligent techniques to predict the outcome of unknown protein–ligand interactions by learning from the physical and geometrical properties of known protein–ligand interactions. The aim of this study is to work through a specific example of a novel computational method, namely compressed images for affinity prediction (CIFAP), in which binding affinities for structurally related ligands in complexes with human checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) are predicted. The CIFAP algorithm presented here relates published pIC 50 values of 57 compounds, derived from a thienopyridine pharmacophore, in complexes with CHK1 to their two‐dimensional (2D) electrostatic potential images compressed in orthogonal dimensions. Patterns obtained from the 2D images are then used as inputs in regression and learning algorithms such as support vector regression (SVR) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods to validate the experimental pIC 50 values. This study revealed that the 2D image pixels in the vicinity of bound ligand surfaces provide more relevant information to make correlations with the empirical pIC 50 values. As compared with ANFIS, SVR gave rise to the lowest root mean square errors and the greatest correlations, suggesting that SVR could be a plausible choice of machine learning methods in predicting binding affinities by CIFAP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of primary care on breast cancer mortality and incidence among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Fisher Kate J. , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Ferrante Jeanne M. , McCarthy Ellen P. , Gonzalez Eduardo C. , Chen Ren , Love‐Jackson Kymia , Roetzheim Richard G.
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

Primary care physician (PCP) services may have an impact on breast cancer mortality and incidence, possibly through greater use of screening mammography.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective, 1:1 matching case‐control study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare–linked database to examine use of PCP services and their association with breast cancer mortality and incidence. SEER cases representing the 3 outcomes of interest (breast cancer mortality, all‐cause mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer, and breast cancer incidence) were matched to unaffected controls from the 5% Medicare random sample. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between physician visits and breast cancer outcomes while controlling for other covariates.

RESULTS

Women who had 2 or more PCP visits during the 24‐month assessment interval had lower odds of breast cancer mortality, all‐cause mortality, and late‐stage breast cancer diagnosis compared with women who had no PCP visits or 1 PCP visit while adjusting for other covariates, including mammography and non‐PCP visits. Women who had 5 to 10 PCP visits had 0.69 times the odds of breast cancer mortality (95% confidence interval, 0.63‐0.75), 0.83 times the odds of death from any cause having been diagnosed with breast cancer (95% confidence interval, 0.79‐0.87), and 0.67 times the odds of a late‐stage breast cancer diagnosis (95% confidence interval, 0.61‐0.73) compared with those who had no PCP visits or 1 PCP visit.

CONCLUSIONS

The current findings suggest that PCPs play an important role in reducing breast cancer mortality among the Medicare population. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of primary care on breast cancer and other cancers that are amendable to prevention or early detection. Cancer 2013;119:2964‐72. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Methods, quality control and specimen management in an international multicentre investigation of type 1 diabetes: TEDDY
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Fiske Steven W. , Logan Chad A. , Agardh Daniel , Cilio Corrado M. , Hagopian William , Simell Olli , Roivainen Merja , She Jin‐Xiong , Briese Thomas , Oikarinen Sami , Hyoty Heikki , Ziegler Anette‐G. , Rewers Marian , Lernmark Ake , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Burkhardt Brant R. ,   The TEDDY Study Group
Published: May 2013

Background

The vast array and quantity of longitudinal samples collected in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study present a series of challenges in terms of quality control procedures and data validity. To address this, pilot studies have been conducted to standardize and enhance both biospecimen collection and sample obtainment in terms of autoantibody collection, stool sample preservation, RNA, biomarker stability, metabolic biomarkers and T‐cell viability.

Research Design and Methods

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young is a multicentre, international prospective study (n = 8677) designed to identify environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically at‐risk children from ages 3 months until 15 years. The study is conducted through six primary clinical centres located in four countries.

Results

As of May 2012, over three million biological samples and 250 million total data points have been collected, which will be analysed to assess autoimmunity status, presence of inflammatory biomarkers, genetic factors, exposure to infectious agents, dietary biomarkers and other potentially important environmental exposures in relation to autoimmunity and progression to T1D.

Conclusions

Detailed procedures were utilized to standardize both data harmonization and management when handling a large quantity of longitudinal samples obtained from multiple locations. In addition, a description of the available specimens is provided that serve as an invaluable repository for the elucidation of determinants in T1D focusing on autoantibody concordance and harmonization, transglutaminase autoantibody, inflammatory biomarkers (T‐cells), genetic proficiency testing, RNA lab internal quality control testing, infectious agents (monitoring cross‐contamination, virus preservation and nasal swab collection validity) and HbA1c testing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐reactivity of designer drugs, including cathinone derivatives, in commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays
Authors: Swortwood Madeleine J. , Hearn W. Lee , DeCaprio Anthony P.
Published: May 2013

Since the introduction of synthetic heroin, designer drugs have been increasing in prevalence in the United States drug market over the past few decades. Recently, ‘legal highs’ sold as ‘bath salts’ have become a household term for one such class of designer drugs. While a number of federal and state bans have been enacted, the abuse of these designer drugs still continues. Few assays have been developed for the comprehensive detection of such compounds, so it is important to investigate how they may or may not react in presumptive screens, i.e. pre‐existing commercial immunoassays. In this experiment, 16 different ELISA reagents were evaluated to determine the cross‐reactivity of 30 designer drugs, including 24 phenylethylamines (including 8 cathinone derivatives), 3 piperazines, and 3 tryptamines. Cross‐reactivity towards most drugs was <4% in assays targeting amphetamine or methamphetamine. Compounds such as MDA, MDMA, ethylamphetamine, and α‐methyltryptamine demonstrated cross‐reactivities in the range of 30–250%, but data were consistent with both manufacturer's inserts and published literature. When tested against the Randox Mephedrone/Methcathinone kit, cathinone derivatives demonstrated cross‐reactivity at concentrations as low as 150 ng/ml. Since this same reagent did not cross‐react with other amphetamine‐like compounds, it opens the possibility to screen post‐mortem specimens without the interference of putrefactive amines. All other assays demonstrated essentially no cross‐reactivity towards any of the analytes evaluated. Given these results, a great need exists for more broad‐range screening techniques to be applied when analyzing biological specimens by immunoassays for drugs of abuse, specifically the more recent designer drugs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal Alkylphosphanylidene Organo­tantalum(V) Complexes
Authors: Grundmann Anne , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Lönnecke Peter , Frank René , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2013

The first terminal organometallic alkylphosphanylidenetantalum(V) complexes [Cp*Ta{1,2‐(NSiMe3)2C6H4}(PR)] were obtained with cyclohexyl (2) and isopropyl groups (3) at phosphorus, whereas adamantyl and tert‐butyl substituents resulted in the formation of the paramagnetic tantalum(IV) complex [Cp*Ta{1,2‐(NSiMe3)2C6H4}Cl] (4). DFT studies showed that the terminal cyclohexyl and isopropyl phosphanylidene complexes are stable towards dimerization and dissociation.
Preorganised Dipeptide Mimics as Foldamer Building Blocks
Authors: Castellucci Nicola , Tomasini Claudia
Published: May 2013

Preorganised dipeptide mimics containing a 3,4‐disubstituted oxazolidin‐2‐one, a flexible methylene group, and a 1,4‐disubstituted triazole have been prepared in a few steps and high yield by copper‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The combination of these three moieties allows the formation of a new dipeptide mimic that favours the formation of bent conformations, as we could demonstrate by IR and ROESY analysis.
Recipe for β‐Sheets: Foldamers Containing Amyloidogenic Peptide Sequences
Authors: Spencer Ryan , Chen Kevin H. , Manuel Gerald , Nowick James S.
Published: May 2013

This paper describes a new class of macrocyclic peptides that fold to form β‐sheet structures. These macrocyclic β‐sheets consist of a peptide sequence strand linked through two δ‐linked ornithine turn units to a peptide template strand containing a single N‐methyl amino acid. The macrocycles were readily prepared from commercially available amino acids by solid‐phase peptide synthesis followed by solution‐phase cyclization. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies showed that macrocycles containing amyloidgenic pentapeptide sequences from amyloid β‐peptide, tau protein, the B‐chain of insulin, and human prion protein fold to form β‐sheet structures.
Cuprate Addition to a 6‐Substituted Pentafulvene – Preparation of sec‐Alkyl‐Substituted Titanocene Dichlorides and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Cini Melchior , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Lewis William , Woodward Simon
Published: May 2013

The copper‐catalysed (10 mol‐% CuBr·SMe2, CuCN·LiCl or CuI/PPh3) addition of RMgBr to the pentafulvene 1‐(cyclopenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ylidenemethyl)‐2‐methoxybenzene allows the formation of cyclopentadienyl derivatives with α‐CHR(2‐MeOPh) sidechains (R = Me, Et, nBu, iBu, allyl, Ph) without H– transfer. The deprotonation of these sec‐alkyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyls followed by the addition of TiCl4 allows the isolation of TiCl2{η5‐C5H4CHR(2‐OMePh)} as rac/meso mixtures that show activity against human colon, breast and pancreatic cell lines (GI50 2.3–42.4 μM).
Biofuel Cell Operating in Vivo in Rat
Authors: Castorena‐Gonzalez Jorge A. , Foote Christopher , MacVittie Kevin , Halámek Jan , Halámková Lenka , Martinez‐Lemus Luis A. , Katz Evgeny
Published: May 2013

Biocatalytic electrodes made of buckypaper were modified with PQQ‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase on the anode and with laccase on the cathode. The enzyme modified electrodes were assembled in a biofuel cell which was first characterized in human serum solution and then the electrodes were placed onto exposed rat cremaster tissue. Glucose and oxygen dissolved in blood were used as the fuel and oxidizer, respectively, for the implanted biofuel cell operation. The steady‐state open circuitry voltage of 140±30 mV and short circuitry current of 10±3 µA (current density ca. 5 µA cm−2 based on the geometrical electrode area of 2 cm2) were achieved in the in vivo operating biofuel cell. Future applications of implanted biofuel cells for powering of biomedical and sensor devices are discussed.
Analyzing first flowering event data using survival models with space and time‐varying covariates
Authors: Terres Maria A. , Gelfand Alan E. , Allen Jenica M. , Silander John A.
Published: May 2013

First flowering events in cherry trees are believed to be closely related to temperature patterns during the winter and spring months. Earlier works have incorporated the idea of temperature thresholds, defining chill and heat functions based on these thresholds. However, selection of the thresholds is often arbitrary and shared across species and locations. We propose a survival model with spatially and temporally varying covariates having functional forms representing chill and heat accumulation leading up to first flowering events. Thresholds are chosen utlizing the ranked probability scores, selecting the threshold pair that minimizes the difference between the predicted and observed cumulative probability curves. We first apply the model using temporally varying covariates to analyze 29 years of flowering data for four cherry species (Cerasus spp.) grown in Hachioji, Japan. This allows us to investigate whether relationship with temperature may vary between earlier and later flowering species. Next, the model is applied to 52 years of flowering data for 45 Cerasus spachiana × C. speciosa trees grown across Japan's Honshu Island using spatially and temporally varying covariates and spatial random effects. By exploring flowering dates across locations, we can explore how the relationship between temperature and first flowering events varies through space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dimension split method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in three dimensions
Authors: Chen H. , Li K. , Wang S.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we describe a new method for the three‐dimensional steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, which is called the dimension split method (DSM). The basic idea of DSM is that the three‐dimensional space is split up into a cluster of two‐dimensional manifolds and then the three‐dimensional solution is approximated by the solutions on these two‐dimensional manifolds. Through introducing some technologies, such as SUPG stabilization, multigrid method, and such, we firstly make DSM feasible in the computation of real flow. Because of split property of DSM, all computation is carried out on these two‐dimensional manifolds, namely, a series of two‐dimensional problems only need to be solved in the computation of three‐dimensional problem, which greatly reduces the difficulty and the computational cost in the mesh generation. Moreover, these two‐dimensional problems can be computed simultaneously and a coarse‐grained parallel algorithm would be constructed, whereas the two‐dimensional manifold is considered as the computation unit. In the last, we explore the behavior and the accuracy of the proposed method in two numerical examples. Firstly, error estimates, performance of multigrid method, and parallel algorithm are well‐demonstrated by the known analytical solution case. Secondly, the computations of three‐dimensional lid‐driven cavity flows with different Reynolds numbers are compared with other numerical simulations. Results show that the present implementation is able to exhibit good stability and accuracy properties for real flows. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent snowfall anomalies in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, in a historical and future climate perspective
Authors: Lenaerts Jan T. M. , van Meijgaard Erik , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Horwath Martin , Isaksson Elisabeth
Published: May 2013

Enhanced snowfall on the East Antarctic ice sheet is projected to significantly mitigate 21st century global sea level rise. In recent years (2009 and 2011), regionally extreme snowfall anomalies in Dronning Maud Land, in the Atlantic sector of East Antarctica, have been observed. It has been unclear, however, whether these anomalies can be ascribed to natural decadal variability, or whether they could signal the beginning of a long‐term increase of snowfall. Here we use output of a regional atmospheric climate model, evaluated with available firn core records and gravimetry observations, and show that such episodes had not been seen previously in the satellite climate data era (1979). Comparisons with historical data that originate from firn cores, one with records extending back to the 18th century, confirm that accumulation anomalies of this scale have not occurred in the past ~60 years, although comparable anomalies are found further back in time. We examined several regional climate model projections, describing various warming scenarios into the 21st century. Anomalies with magnitudes similar to the recently observed ones were not present in the model output for the current climate, but were found increasingly probable toward the end of the 21st century.
Current‐voltage relation for the Saturnian system
Authors: Ray L. C. , Galand M. , Delamere P. A. , Fleshman B. L.
Published: May 2013

Saturn's magnetosphere is populated by plasma created from neutrals ejected by the moon Enceladus. These neutrals are ionized and picked up by the planetary magnetic field requiring large amounts of angular momentum to be transferred from Saturn's upper atmosphere to the magnetospheric plasma. The resulting upward currents that supply this angular momentum are associated with electrons, which travel toward the planetary atmosphere. At high magnetic latitudes along the flux tube, parallel electric fields may develop to enhance the field‐aligned current density flowing between the two regions. We show that, similar to the Jovian system, the current‐voltage relation in the Saturnian system must be evaluated at the top of the acceleration region, which occurs at ~1.5 RS along the magnetic field line as measured from the center of the planet. Owing to the large abundance of protons in the Saturnian system, cold electrons carry the majority of the field‐aligned current for net potential drops less than 500 V. For the flux tube intersecting the equatorial plane at 4 RS, field‐aligned potentials of 50–130 V are consistent with the energy fluxes inferred from the Enceladus emission. In the middle magnetosphere, field‐aligned potentials of ∼1.5 kV produce ionospheric electron energy fluxes of 0.3 mW/m2 when hot electrons comprise 0.3% of the magnetospheric electron population.