bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESTAURAÇÃO ESTÉTICA SEMIDIRETA EM DENTES ANTERIORES: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Amorim Helfenstein Alexandra , Souza Vaz dos Santos Ellen , Santana de Souza Oliveira Raquel , De Matos Vilas Boas Aline
Published: June 2022

A técnica restauradora semidireta é uma alternativa de tratamento para dentes posteriores e anteriores, proporcionando melhor resistência e estética com otimização do tempo de trabalho. Este estudo consistiu em um relato de caso com delineamento descritivo, de caráter narrativo e reflexivo. O objetivo foi demonstrar a utilização da técnica semidireta em dentes anteriores, suas vantagens e desvantagens. As restaurações foram realizadas visando o fechamento de diastema entre as unidades 11 e 21, com ajuste da fratura no terço médio-incisal da unidade 11. Foi realizado a profilaxia, clareamento dental, gengivoplastia com redução de 2 mm para uma melhor adaptação da peça em resina, enceramento diagnostico com intuito de avaliar os pontos de contato, confecção da peça, cimentação, polimento e acabamento dando um melhor aspecto de naturalidade aos dentes. A partir dos procedimentos realizados, obteve-se uma satisfação da paciente por ter atingido resultados estéticos de forma conservadora trazendo funcionalidade, resistência e harmonia.
PERFIL CLÍNICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EM UMA CLÍNICA DE ENDODONTIA
Authors: Dourado Martins Cerqueira Joana , Pedreira Pereira dos Santos Gabriela , Oliveira Braz Carvalho Luanna , Cruz Fonseca Maria Verenna , Vasquez Fernandes Bastos Nagahama Maria do Carmo , De Matos Vilas Boas Aline
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A terapia endodôntica tem a função de proporcionar a desinfecção dos canais contaminados, sendo o acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico crucial para a avaliação do sucesso do tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar os tratamentos endodônticos realizados pelos acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia da rede UniFtc do campus Feira de Santana, no período de 2019 e 2021.  Metodologia: Foram analisados 57 prontuários de pacientes, considerando as variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Resultados: Foram incluídos na pesquisa 41 pacientes que realizaram TE. Dentre eles 73,1% era do sexo feminino e 43,3% com idades de 30 a 40 anos. A causa mais comum que levou a tratamento foi a cárie em 58,8% dos casos, tornando o diagnóstico de Pulpite Irreversível Assintomática mais frequente (41,1%) e os Incisivos Centrais (28,5%) os mais acometidos. O tratamento foi realizado em 03 sessões em 60% dos casos e somente 40% desses dentes foram reabilitados definitivamente. Conclusão: Foi observado que a maior parte dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados na clínica escola da UniFtc no período de 2019 a 2021 foi realizado em mulheres jovens, sendo clinicamente diagnosticados com pulpite irreversível assintomática, tratados em 03 sessões, com preenchimento adequado dos canais e não reabilitados definitivamente.

Palavras chave: Endodontia. Sucesso. Obturação do canal radicular
AVALIAÇÃO DA FORMA E PREENCHIMENTO DO CANAL RADICULAR COM HIDRÓXIDO DE CÁLCIO COM DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS
Authors: Bastos Nagahama Maria do Carmo Vasquez Fernandes , Fiais Costa Suelen , De Lima Silva Fabiane , Hongyu Kuang
Published: June 2022

Em virtude das dificuldades para debelar as infecções endodônticas, exclusivamente através do preparo químico-mecânico, deve-se levar em consideração a utilização de uma medicação intracanal biocompatível como o hidróxido de cálcio. Para que o hidróxido de cálcio atue é imprescindível que o sistema de canais radiculares seja preenchido o mais completo possível, servindo, assim, como barreira física e química dificultando a penetração dos microrganismo. O objetivo de estudo desta pesquisa, foi avaliar a qualidade e forma de preenchimento do canal radicular com hidróxido de cálcio com três técnicas diferentes. O presente estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética sob o parecer de n° 2.857.715.Foram selecionados 90 dentes unirradiculares, através de um banco de dentes. Estes dentes foram separados por grupo, sendo  utilizados 3 tipos de técnicas diferentes para preenchimento do canal com hidróxido: usando-se - Lima, usando-se 2- Lentulo e usando-se 3- Mc Spadden. Observou-se que o lentulo teve melhor preenchimento em lateralidade e profundidade do canal principal e secundário,  sendo averiguado que dentre os grupos de dentes, teve diferenças significativas comparadas  o Mc Spadden. Esses índices revelam o quanto é importante a escolha da técnicas de preenchimento, para favorecer a qualidade do sucesso no tratamento, pois o seu correto preenchimento favorece a função de combater o crescimento de microrganismo dentro do canal.
Efferocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected dying cells impairs macrophage anti-inflammatory functions and clearance of apoptotic cells
Authors: Salina Ana CG , dos-Santos Douglas , Rodrigues Tamara S , Fortes-Rocha Marlon , Freitas-Filho Edismauro G , Alzamora-Terrel Daniel L , Castro Icaro MS , Fraga da Silva Thais FC , de Lima Mikhael HF , Nascimento Daniele C , Silva Camila M , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E , Becerra Amanda , Oliveira Samuel , Caetité Diego B , Almeida Leticia , Ishimoto Adriene Y , Lima Thais M , Martins Ronaldo B , Veras Flavio , do Amaral Natália B , Giannini Marcela C , Bonjorno Letícia P , Lopes Maria IF , Benatti Maira N , Batah Sabrina S , Santana Rodrigo C , Vilar Fernando C , Martins Maria A , Assad Rodrigo L , de Almeida Sergio CL , de Oliveira Fabiola R , Arruda Neto Eurico , Cunha Thiago M , Alves-Filho José C , Bonato Vania LD , Cunha Fernando Q , Fabro Alexandre T , Nakaya Helder I , Zamboni Dario S , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Oliveira Rene DR , Cunha Larissa D
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is a disease of dysfunctional immune responses, but the mechanisms triggering immunopathogenesis are not established. The functional plasticity of macrophages allows this cell type to promote pathogen elimination and inflammation or suppress inflammation and promote tissue remodeling and injury repair. During an infection, the clearance of dead and dying cells, a process named efferocytosis, can modulate the interplay between these contrasting functions. Here, we show that engulfment of SARS-CoV-2-infected apoptotic cells exacerbates inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits the expression of efferocytic receptors, and impairs continual efferocytosis by macrophages. We also provide evidence supporting that lung monocytes and macrophages from severe COVID-19 patients have compromised efferocytic capacity. Our findings reveal that dysfunctional efferocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cell corpses suppresses macrophage anti-inflammation and efficient tissue repair programs and provides mechanistic insights for the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and accumulation of tissue damage associated with COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
Cells use molecular working memory to navigate in changing chemoattractant fields
Authors: Nandan Akhilesh , Das Abhishek , Lott Robert , Koseska Aneta
Published: June 2022

In order to migrate over large distances, cells within tissues and organisms rely on sensing local gradient cues which are irregular, conflicting, and changing over time and space. The mechanism how they generate persistent directional migration when signals are disrupted, while still remaining adaptive to signal’s localization changes remain unknown. Here, we find that single cells utilize a molecular mechanism akin to a working memory to satisfy these two opposing demands. We derive theoretically that this is characteristic for receptor networks maintained away from steady states. Time-resolved live-cell imaging of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation dynamics shows that cells transiently memorize position of encountered signals via slow-escaping remnant of the polarized signaling state, a dynamical ‘ghost’, driving memory-guided persistent directional migration. The metastability of this state further enables migrational adaptation when encountering new signals. We thus identify basic mechanism of real-time computations underlying cellular navigation in changing chemoattractant fields.
Genome editing in the unicellular holozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki suggests a premetazoan role for the Hippo pathway in multicellular morphogenesis
Authors: Phillips Jonathan E , Santos Maribel , Konchwala Mohammed , Xing Chao , Pan Duojia
Published: June 2022

Animal development is mediated by a surprisingly small set of canonical signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-beta, Notch, and Hippo pathways. Although once thought to be present only in animals, recent genome sequencing has revealed components of these pathways in the closest unicellular relatives of animals. These findings raise questions about the ancestral functions of these developmental pathways and their potential role in the emergence of animal multicellularity. Here, we provide the first functional characterization of any of these developmental pathways in unicellular organisms by developing techniques for genetic manipulation in Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close unicellular relative of animals that displays aggregative multicellularity. We then use these tools to characterize the Capsaspora ortholog of the Hippo signaling nuclear effector YAP/TAZ/Yorkie (coYki), a key regulator of tissue size in animals. In contrast to what might be expected based on studies in animals, we show that coYki is dispensable for cell proliferation but regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and the three-dimensional (3D) shape of multicellular structures. We further demonstrate that the cytoskeletal abnormalities of individual coYki mutant cells underlie the abnormal 3D shape of coYki mutant aggregates. Taken together, these findings implicate an ancestral role for the Hippo pathway in cytoskeletal dynamics and multicellular morphogenesis predating the origin of animal multicellularity, which was co-opted during evolution to regulate cell proliferation.
El riñón en el trasplante cardíaco, relato de una travesía
Authors: Belziti César A.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this update is to highlight the relationship between the heart and the kidney throughout the entire journey involved in heart transplantation. Faced with heart transplantation, the cardiovascular and renal systems behave as mates of a journey that, at times, is difficult to determine when it starts, and that forces them to overcome different obstacles, such as hemodynamic changes, neurohumoral and inflammatory response, surgical injury, immune reaction, and drug oxicity. This relationship can be seen as an adventure that they must inevitably share. We will try to accompany both organs in this journey, but paying special attention to the kidney, describing the associations and the protection and damage mechanisms that are generated throughout its course. In this journey we can recognize solidarity responses to maintain the balance between both systems, but in this attempt to protect, collateral injury occurs.
Factors Contributing to Unsafe Food Processing and Preservation among Food Handlers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Obioma L. Ekweh , Inumanye N. Ojule
Published: June 2022

Background: Unsafe food processing and preservation among food handlers has been one of the common causes of food and waterborne diseases. This study aimed to identify factors contributing tounsafe food processing and preservation practices among food handlers in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers state.

Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study whichassessed 365 food handlers in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Quantitative datawas presented as frequencies and percentages. All statistical tests were set at a significance level of p< 0.05.

Results: Findings show that out of the 365 food handlers who participated in the study, only 43.0% had a set of standard practice guidelines. 47.4% of the food handlers practiced unsafe food processing and preservation methods.Duration of practice for more than 5 years (63.6% vs. 36.4%; p=0.04) and scale of business (large/small) (turnover>NGN50, 000.00) ((58.4%, vs. 10.4%, p=0.05) were significantly associated with unsafe food processing and preservation practicesas handlers who have been in the food business longer and those with larger scale food outlets tended to have better standards.

Conclusion: Unsafe food processing practices exist among food handlers with nearly half of the food handlers studied having poor practices. Inadequate working experience and the presence of more small and medium scale businesses was found to be the factors affecting unsafe food processing and preservation practices in our locality.
An Evaluation of the Performance of Five Meteorological Drought Monitoring Indices Over an Arid and Semi-Arid Region of Gujarat (India)
Authors: Srinivas Bhukya , Tiwari Mukesh Kumar , Patel Gautam R.
Published: June 2022

Drought Monitoring plays an important role in drought risk assessment and management. Different meteorological drought indices are normally used to determine drought, which are essentially constant functions of rainfall and hydro-meteorological factors. A universal drought index cannot be used to evaluate the severity of drought in a specific region due to the essential difficulty of drought phenomena, hydro-climatic factors, and watershed characteristics. Classifying an appropriate drought index requires evaluating the performance of various drought indices. This study evaluated 5 meteorological drought indices for Gujarat, India utilizing a dataset from a total of 167 raingauge and climate stations having over 30 years (1986-2015 of the dataset). In various countries, several droughts indices have been introduced and utilized. This study evaluates the effectiveness of 5 meteorological drought monitoring indices in Gujarat. The following meteorological drought indexes were chosen based on data availability: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Percent Departure from Normal (PDN), Effective Drought Index (EDI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). The EDI is a time step independent drought indicator, with 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month time intervals defined for the four multi-time scale indices. This drought index was compared using several time scales of multi-time scale drought indices based on their association with the EDI. The evaluation of drought indices during the historic drought was assessed based on the occurrence and response of drought indices within the specific drought severity classes. In the present study area, the 9-month scale is suitable for comparisons of drought indices. The SPEI-9 had the highest relative occurrence in the 'severe dry' class, and it was subtle to 9-monthly rainfall in most districts. As a result of the study, SPEI-9 is considered the best drought index.
A Study on Extent of Adoption of Agro- Enterprises by Women Agripreneurs and Constraints Faced Due to the Climatic Severity in Coastal Odisha, India
Authors: Nayak Debasmita , Panigrahi Radhashyam , Patro Angelina
Published: June 2022

Women agripreneurship development became an essential part of human resource development. It makes the women financially independent and enhances the self esteem of them. The present study has been conducted with the objective to know the extent of adoption of agricultural enterprises by women agripreneurs of Coastal Odisha and it also determine climatic constraints. The study has been conducted in two districts of Odisha that are Balasore and Jagatsinghpur. Total 210 women agripreneurs were included in the study. Total sample size for the present study was 210. Result shows that in the research area Crop production enerprise is the highly adopted enterprise with a mean score of 2.00 and gap percentage of 33.34 where the fishery enterprise is the least adopted enterprise with a mean score of 1.19 and gap percentage of 60.15. Among the constraints incidence of flood and cyclone emerged as the main constraint.
Malaria Prevalence and Anemia Status of Children Attending a Health Facility in Yola
Authors: Isa Halima , Bashir Mohammed , Adedeji Babajide A.
Published: June 2022

Background: Malaria and anemia among children especially those that are <5 years of age are still diseases of public health concern. This study was designed to determine the effect of malaria on the anaemia status of under five children attending a health facility in Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from out-patient under five children reporting at the paediatric unit of the hospital.  The blood samples were screened for the presence of malaria parasites by microscopy while their anaemia status was determined by checking their packed cell volume (PCV). The prevalence rate of malaria, anemia, and malaria-anemia was calculated. The level of significance was determined using chi-square (χ2) statistics.

Results: Of the 200 samples, 124 (62%) were positive for malaria, with the prevalence being higher in males. 103 of the patients had PCV values below 33% giving an overall anaemia prevalence of 51.5% of anemia cases. The results obtained show that the three forms of anaemia – mild, moderate and severe were seen in the sampled population with moderate anaemia being the most prevalent (29.0%); the results also show that malaria parasite density has an effect on the PCV levels of the children at p= .0001, and patients with severe anaemia had the highest parasite loads.

Conclusion: Malaria remains a common infection among under five children in this environment and predisposes them to having anaemia. Moderate malaria is also the most common form of anaemia seen in malaria positive children.
Numerical Simulation of the Evolution of Wound Healing in the 3D Environment
Authors: Nchejane J. N. , Gbenro S. O. , Thakedi M. E.
Published: June 2022

Numerical simulation of the wound healing behaviour by considering the coupled reaction-diffusion, transport and viscoelastic system is vital in investigating the mechanical stress field induced by cell migration. In this work, numerical simulation is viewed in three-dimensional space during a time course of wound healing. Over the years, many authors have developed two-dimensional mathematical models of wound healing, as supported by the background in the introduction below. But we know that a three-dimensional case realistically captures the tissue deformations. The two-dimensional simulation is restricted to observing the motion in two directions only. Hence, the interest is in the three-dimensional case. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is the first article to consider the numerical simulation of the coupled reaction-diffusion, transport and viscoelastic system during wound healing in a three-dimensional environment. Firstly, the two-dimensional evolution of wound healing is developed to compare our results with published data. Then the work is extended to three-dimensional wound healing, which is the main focus.
Shaping of Radio in Mexico in the Last Decade: 2010-2020
Authors: López José Antonio Villalobos
Published: June 2022

An analysis was made of the Mexican radio industry and the main groups that comprise it, describing the financial information that is available. The essay was elaborated following the deductive method, with a hermeneutic paradigm, according to the experience acquired in the radio industry. A linear regression was estimated from 2005 to 2020, showing a negative relationship of 98.9% between the percentage of households that have radio and those that have internet (the more households that use internet, the lower the proportion that use radio). Advertising in the national radio industry is falling sharply in recent years, in 2016 it absorbed 10.3% of total advertising spending in the country, reaching only 5% in 2020, declining to less than half of the share it had four years earlier. Grupo Radio Centro takes an average 15.4% of advertising from 2016 to 2020, while Televisa Radio takes 12% (before the sale of stations), both corporations take 27.5% in 2018 and 29.6% in 2019, adding six other radio groups (Fórmula, Imagen, Radio Mil, Radiorama, Stereo Rey and ACIR), they would at least have 41.1% of national radio revenues. The most important radio stations in the country have started to broadcast their content through websites, in which they transmit in real time the same programming they broadcast on their AM or FM frequency bands.
Studies of A356 Aluminum Alloy for Sand Mould Casting Gating System
Authors: Kolhe Kishor Purushottam , Gebrekidan Abebe Halefom
Published: June 2022

The present study focus on tackling the casting defect of aluminium A356 alloy, this alloys have very good casting and machining characteristics, which dominantly affects the part produced by identifying the major defects caused by existing gating system. The major objective of this study is to minimize casting defect of spare part manufactured in textile Share Company by using Pro CAST software. This study is conducted in Bahirdar textile foundry workshop, the casting parameters which highly contributes to the soundness casting are identified with basic metallurgical and foundry properties of aluminium A356 alloy. The development of gating system for aluminium alloy is done by following American foundry society standard for getting reliable results. The optimization of Ingate and riser of gating system is carried out by Taguchi Method. The analysis result reports the shrinkage (macro) porosities and hot spot defects under existing gating system practised in the factory. After identifying the porosity defect; results of analysis process are iterated to get the optimum results, porosity found to be minimized for various gating system parameters. From simulation result; it is found that the best suited gating system parameter for aluminium A356 alloy sand casting is tapered sprue in decreasing initiation of defect from scratch. Finally, it is recommended that the company should implement the optimized processes parameters in addition to taking remedial action on the influential factors of the casting process.
Microbiological Analysis, Quality and Safety Evaluation of Commercially Sold Medicinal Herbal Cocktails from Local Herb Seller within Akoko South West, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Osuntokun O. T. , Thonda O. A. , Ajadi F. A. , Wilkie E. D. , Oluwatuyi B. B.
Published: June 2022

The use of herbal plants has been growing rapidly worldwide; it has been widely and extensively used locally as medicinal products in the treatment of different diseases. The extensive use of herbal medicinal products in the treatment and management of disease made it imperative to investigate the microbial analysis of locally prepared herbal cocktails sold in Akoko South West. Nigeria  Different samples of local herbs were randomly collected from different locations into sterile polythene and transported to the microbiology laboratory for further microbial analysis. The samples were analyzed using pour plate techniques. The bacteria isolates were characterized and identified based on their colonial, morphological characteristics, and biochemical tests according to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was carried out using the disc agar diffusion method. The killing rate and growth dynamics of the bacterial isolates were determined using a Ultra-violet spectrophotometer. Twelve species of the isolates were recovered. Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium sporogenes showed a high susceptibility rate to Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, Gentamicin, ampiclox, rifampicin, and Amoxillin while they were both resistant to Streptomycin, Norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and Erythromycin. The Gram-positive isolates were 100% resistant to Norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, Erythromycin and 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to measure the material of absorbance and quantitative analysis at the visible or ultraviolet light (200 ~ 760nm). Ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometer was used to determine the growth dynamics and killing kinetics of isolated organisms, and to predict the wavelength of killing ratio of organisms isolated from the herbal cocktail. The addition of antibiotics to the isolated organisms at the 84th-hour speed up the death rate of the isolates from commercially sold herbal cocktail between 450-480nm wavelengths. Water used for production of herbal cocktail needed prolong hours of exposure to Ultraviolet rays/ light is necessary, to reduce microbial load drastically, with a great effect on the quality and safety of commercially sold herbal cocktail. There is a need for constant monitoring and quality control of herbal medicinal products being manufactured, sold, and used in Nigeria so as to reduce and or eradicate the effect of the organisms on human health.
Effect of Extraction Techniques and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Argemone mexicana L. Leaves and Roots Extracts in Different Solvents
Authors: Kumari Sachin , Sindhu Meena , Goel Neha , Panghal Monika , Singh Sushila , Rani Indu
Published: June 2022

Aim: The main objective of the study is to estimate the effect of extraction techniques and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extract of A. mexicana leaves and roots.

Study Design: The research is experimental in nature.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry and Microbiology at CCSHAU, Hisar, between late 2020 and January 2022.

Methodology: The leaves and roots of A. mexicana were harvested for this study. Shade dried roots and leaves were cut into small pieces of 2-3 inches and processed into powder using a mixer grinder. Soxhlet extraction and microwave-assisted extraction procedures were used to extract leaves and roots in solvents such as acetone, methanol, and water. The antimicrobial activity of the roots and leaves  extracts were evaluated against Gram +ve bacteria (Xanthomonas campesteris, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Candida albicans) and their zones of inhibition in mm are measured by Agar well diffusion method.

Results: Soxhlet extraction technique gave better extract yield 12.19 g /100 g and 8.54 g / 100 g while microwave-assisted extraction gave 8.88 g / 100 g and 6.94 g / 100 g for leaves and roots respectively. The methanoilc root and leaves extracts exhibited higher antimicrobial activity followed by acetone and water extracts.

Conclusion: The result of the investigation showed that extraction techniques considerably affected extraction yield and antimicrobial activity. Soxhlet extraction is better one extraction method among these two and methanolic extract of leaves was found to be good antimicrobial followed by acetone and aqueous.
excavation of Neolithic pits and a Bronze Age burial site at Ness Gap, Fortrose
Authors: Woodley Nuala C , Lochrie Julie , Sheridan Alison , Cowie Trevor , Christie Claire , Franklin Julie , Bailey Laura , Holden Tim , Henderson David , McGalliard Suzanne
Published: June 2022

An investigation by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd took place in early 2013 in advance of a housing development at Ness Gap, Fortrose, Highland (NGR: NH 73290 56510). The excavation revealed domestic activity dating from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. A cluster of Neolithic pits provided insights into the development of agriculture in the area, with evidence for cereal production and the gathering of wild resources. The use of the site changed in the Bronze Age, with the landscape utilised for funerary practices, which were represented by stone cists and cremation burials, both urned and unurned. Analysis has further informed on the burial practices of the Bronze Age and added to our understanding of a unique peninsular landscape rich in prehistoric activity.
Diacylglycerol kinase alleviates autophagic degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum in SPT10‐deficient yeast to enhance triterpene biosynthesis
Authors: Ranganathan Poornima Ramani , Narayanan Ananth Krishna , Nawada Niveditha , Rao Monala Jayaprakash , Reju Kalyani Sai , Priya S Chaithra , Gujarathi Tejal , Manjithaya Ravi , Dodaghatta Krishna Venkata Rao
Published: June 2022

A recent study showed that deletion of the gene encoding the transcription regulator SuPpressor of Ty10 (SPT10) increases total phospholipids, and our previous study established a critical link between phospholipids and the mevalonate/ergosterol (MEV/ERG) pathway, which synthesises triterpenes. This study aims to use spt10Δ yeast to improve triterpene production. Though MEV/ERG pathway was highly expressed in spt10Δ yeast, results showed insufficient accumulation of key metabolites and also revealed massive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation. We found a stable, massive ER structure when we overexpressed diacylglycerol kinase1 (DGK1OE) in spt10Δ yeast. Analyses of ER‐stress and autophagy suggest that DGK1OE in the spt10Δ strain decreased autophagy, resulting in increased MEV/ERG pathway activity. Heterologous expression of β‐amyrin synthase showed significant production of the triterpene β‐amyrin in DGK1OE spt10Δ yeast. Overall, our study provides a strategic approach to improve triterpene production by increasing ER biogenesis while limiting ER degradation.
Predicting Sustained Clinical Response to Rituximab in Moderate to Severe Systemic Manifestations of Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Pepple Sophanit , Arnold Jack , Vital Edward M. , Rawstron Andrew C. , Pease Colin T. , Dass Shouvik , Emery Paul , Md Yusof Md Yuzaiful
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess outcomes of repeat rituximab cycles and identify predictors of sustained clinical response in systemic manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).

Methods

An observational study was conducted in 40 rituximab‐treated patients with pSS. Clinical response was defined as a 3‐point or more reduction in the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) at 6 months from baseline. Peripheral blood B cells were measured using highly sensitive flow cytometry. Predictors of sustained response (within two rituximab cycles) were analyzed using penalized logistic regression.

Results

Thirty‐eight out of 40 patients had moderate to severe systemic disease (ESSDAI >5). Main domains were articular (73%), mucocutaneous (23%), hematological (20%), and nervous system (18%). Twenty‐eight out of 40 (70%) patients were on concomitant immunosuppressants. One hundred sixty‐nine rituximab cycles were administered with a total follow‐up of 165 patient‐years. In cycle 1 (C1), 29/40 (73%) achieved ESSDAI response. Of C1 responders, 23/29 received retreatment on clinical relapse, and 15/23 (65%) responded. Of the 8/23 patients who lost response, these were due to secondary non‐depletion and non‐response (2NDNR; 4/23 [17%] as we previously observed in systemic lupus erythematosus with antirituximab antibodies, inefficacy = 2/23, and other side effects = 2/23). Within two cycles, 13/40 (33%) discontinued therapy. In multivariable analysis, concomitant immunosuppressant (odds ratio 7.16 [95% confidence interval: 1.37–37.35]) and achieving complete B‐cell depletion (9.78 [1.32–72.25]) in C1 increased odds of response to rituximab. At 5 years, 57% of patients continued on rituximab.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that patients with pSS should be co‐prescribed immunosuppressant with rituximab, and treatment should aim to achieve complete depletion. About one in six patients develop 2NDNR in repeat cycles. Humanized or type 2 anti‐CD20 antibodies may improve clinical response in extra‐glandular pSS.
Bioprinted Living Coral Microenvironments Mimicking Coral‐Algal Symbiosis
Authors: Wangpraseurt Daniel , Sun Yazhi , You Shangting , Chua Sing‐Teng , Noel Samantha K. , Willard Helena F. , Berry David B. , Clifford Alexander M. , Plummer Sydney , Xiang Yi , Hwang Henry H. , Kaandorp Jaap , Diaz Julia M. , La Jeunesse Todd C. , Pernice Mathieu , Vignolini Silvia , Tresguerres Martin , Chen Shaochen
Published: June 2022

The coral‐algal symbiosis is the biological engine that drives one of the most spectacular structures on Earth: the coral reef. Here, living coral microhabitats are engineered using 3D bioprinting, as biomimetic model system of the coral‐algal symbiosis. Various bioinks for the encapsulation of coral photosymbiotic microalgae (Breviolum psygmophilum) are developed and coral mass transfer phenomena are mimicked by 3D bioprinting coral tissue and skeleton microscale features. At the tissue–seawater interface, the biomimetic coral polyp and connective tissue structures successfully replicate the natural build‐up of the O2 diffusive boundary layer. Inside the bioprinted construct, coral‐like microscale gastric cavities are engineered using a multi‐material bioprinting process. Underneath the tissue, the constructs mimic the porous architecture of the coral aragonite skeleton at the micrometer scale, which can be manipulated to assess the effects of skeletal architecture on stress‐related hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The bioprinted living coral microhabitats replicate the diffusion‐related phenomena that underlie the functioning and breakdown of the coral‐algal symbiosis and can be exploited for the additive manufacturing of synthetic designer corals.
Cascade Reaction of “Mn2+‐Catechol” Triggered by H2O2 to Integrate Firm Tumor Vessel Embolization and Hypoxic Response Relief
Authors: Fan Man , Liu Yiming , Ren Yanqiao , Gan Lu , Yang Yajiang , Wang Hong , Liao Yonggui , Yang Xiangliang , Zheng Chuansheng , Wang Qin
Published: June 2022

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy requires firm and long‐term vessel embolization without recanalization. However, firm embolization usually leads to unanticipated hypoxic response which promotes tumor recurrence and metastasis. Herein, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing catechol groups and Mn2+ (PNDM) has been developed to enhance embolization and inhibit hypoxic response utilizing augmented H2O2 after TAE. This novel embolic agent converts H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals via Mn2+‐dependent Fenton‐like reaction, which are subsequently scavenged through a “catechol‐quinone” transition to suppress hypoxic responses. Quinone structure can not only make hydrogel internal structure more compact, but also enhance hydrogel adhesion to vessel wall. In vivo experiments confirm that the rabbit renal artery can be firmly embolized for 84 days. Studies in liver VX2 tumor‐bearing rabbits demonstrate that the PNDM‐based TAE can promote tumor necrosis, inhibit angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, and greatly prolong rabbit survival. This strategy opens new sights in the TAE therapy for liver cancer.
A Thermal‐Pressed Strategy for Crystal Growth and Boundaries Self‐Fusion of Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Films against Halide Phase Segregation
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zhang Li , Zhu Guanglu , Cui Deliang , Wang Qilong , Lian Gang , Zheng Zhaoke , Yu Haohai
Published: June 2022

All‐inorganic mixed‐halide perovskite CsPbI3−xBrx materials have attracted extensive attention in optoelectronics due to upgraded stability and tuned bandgap. Unfortunately, undesired halide phase segregation by ion migration under illumination deteriorates photoelectrical performance and long‐term stability of devices. The severity of phase segregation is prone to occur at grain boundaries and relies on surface/interface defects. Herein, a thermal‐pressed (TP) crystal‐growth strategy is proposed to realize sufficient grain growth and boundary fusion simultaneously in a series of CsPbI3−xBrx films. The large‐sized crystals (20–40 µm), self‐fused boundaries, and single‐crystal‐like surface effectively block photoinduced ion migration. The TP‐based CsPbI3−xBrx films maintain excellent long‐life photostability over one year and exhibit markedly suppressed halide phase segregation under continuous laser illumination. Consequently, the TP‐based photodetector devices exhibit superior long‐term stability under laser illumination with different wavelengths.
Color Enrichment Solids of Spectrally Pure Colloidal Quantum Wells for Wide Color Span in Displays
Authors: Erdem Talha , Soran‐Erdem Zeliha , Isik Furkan , Shabani Farzan , Yazici Ahmet Faruk , Mutlugün Evren , Gaponik Nikolai , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: June 2022

Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are excellent candidates for lighting and display applications owing to their narrow emission linewidths (<30 nm). However, realizing their efficient and stable light‐emitting solids remains a challenge. To address this problem, stable, efficient solids of CQWs incorporated into crystal matrices are shown. Green‐emitting CdSe/CdS core/crown and red‐emitting CdSe/CdS core/shell CQWs wrapped into these crystal solids are employed as proof‐of‐concept demonstrations of light‐emitting diode (LED) integration targeting a wide color span in display backlighting. The quantum yield of the green‐ and red‐emitting CQW‐containing solids of sucrose reach ≈20% and ≈55%, respectively, while emission linewidths and peak wavelengths remain almost unaltered. Furthermore, sucrose matrix preserves ≈70% and ≈45% of the initial emission intensity of the green‐ and red‐emitting CQWs after >60 h, respectively, which is ≈4× and ≈2× better than the drop‐casted CQW films and reference (KCl) host. Color‐converting LEDs of these green‐ and red‐emitting CQWs in sucrose possess luminous efficiencies 122 and 189 lm W−1elect, respectively. With the liquid crystal display filters, this becomes 39 and 86 lm W−1elect, respectively, providing with a color gamut 25% broader than the National Television Standards Committee standard. These results prove that CQW solids enable efficient and stable color converters for display and lighting applications.
Optical Magnetism‐Induced Dual Anisotropy in Dielectric Nanoantennas
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Zhao Dong , Li Ziqin , Huang Kun
Published: June 2022

Directional polarization of atoms in crystalline dielectrics leads to anisotropic permittivities that usually enable phase delay between two orthogonal components of light in waveplates. However, amplitude‐type anisotropy is seldom observed in natural dielectrics because optical absorption of transparent materials is mainly dominated by polarization‐insensitive bandgap. This work introduces the co‐existence of both amplitude‐ and phase‐type anisotropies in artificial dielectric rectangle nanoantennas by using a united approach of directionally excited magnetic resonances. When anti‐parallel magnetic dipolar modes (AMDMs) are induced horizontally, the resulting electric fields at the antenna−substrate interface behave, surprisingly, like those of surface plasmonic polaritons (SPPs), leading to nearly full reflectance of light. But, for the incidence of the other polarization, only vertically located AMDMs arise with high transmission, thus yielding amplitude‐type anisotropy. For phase‐type anisotropy, both orthogonal polarizations of light excite vertical AMDMs with high transmission and an additional polarization‐dependent phase. Both anisotropies are multiplexed into a polarization‐dependent color‐printed hologram for optical anticounterfeiting.
Ultrastable 0D Organic Zinc Halides with Highly Efficient Blue Light Emissions
Authors: Ma Yue‐Yue , Sun Yu‐Ming , Xu Wen‐Jie , Liu Xue‐Lei , Zhong Qian‐Qian , Song Ying‐Rui , Fu Han‐Qi , Yue Cheng‐Yang , Lei Xiao‐Wu
Published: June 2022

Despite remarkable luminescent performance of 0D lead halide perovskites, achieving highly efficient blue light emission is extremely challenging and crucial for this domain. Considering the high toxicity of Pb2+ ion, it is significant to explore water‐stable lead‐free 0D halides as highly efficient and stable blue emitting materials. To address these issues, a family of 0D hybrid zinc halides of AZnBr4 (A = EP, BP, and TMPDA) based on discrete [ZnBr4]2− tetrahedrons is herein reported as desirable blue light emitters. The wide band gaps enable these 0D halides to display highly efficient blue light emissions (452–485 nm) with highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 35.47%. More importantly, all these 0D halides present extraordinary chemical stabilities in humid air and water for one month, and are also capable of withstanding extreme pH conditions in the range of 0–14, likely the widest observed pH range for perovskites. Notably, the ultrahigh chemical stabilities of 0D zinc halides are nearly unmatchable among all known literature perovskite materials to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Combined superiorities of unusual blue light emission, promising PLQY, ultrahigh stability, and non‐toxicity highlight the potential optoelectronic applications in wide chemical environments for these 0D zinc halides.
Phase Matching via Plasmonic Modal Dispersion for Third Harmonic Generation
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Zhe , Kalathingal Vijith , Ho Yi Wei , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong‐Son , Guo Yongxin , Viana‐Gomes José C. , Eda Goki , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: June 2022

The overall effectiveness of nonlinear optical processes along extended nonlinear media highly depends on the fulfillment of the phase‐matching condition for pump and generated fields. This is traditionally accomplished by exploiting the birefringence of nonlinear crystals requiring long interaction lengths (cm‐scale). For nonbirefringent media and integrated photonic devices, modal phase matching can compensate the index mismatch. Here, the various interacting waves propagate in transverse modes with appropriate phase velocities, but they suffer from a low refractive index contrast and cm‐scale interaction lengths. This work harnesses modal phase matching for third‐harmonic generation (THG) in plasmonic waveguides using an organic polymer (poly[3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl]) as the nonlinear medium. One demonstrates experimentally an effective interaction area as small as ≈ 0.11 µm2 and the phase‐matched modal dispersion results in THG efficiency as high as ≈ 10–3 W‐2 within an effective length scale of ≈ 4.3 µm. THG also shows a strong correlation with the polarization of the incident laser beam, corresponding to the excitation of the antisymmetric plasmonic modes, corroborating that plasmonic modal phase matching is achieved. This large reduction in device area of orders of magnitude is interesting for various applications where space is critical (e.g., device integration or on‐chip applications).
Mo‐O‐C Between MoS2 and Graphene Toward Accelerated Polysulfide Catalytic Conversion for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Xu Guobao , Zhang Qi , Li Xue , Yang Yi , Yang Liwen , Huang Jianyu , Zhou Guangmin
Published: June 2022

MoS2/C composites constructed with van der Waals forces have been extensively applied in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, the catalytic conversion effect on polysulfides is limited because the weak electronic interactions between the composite interfaces cannot fundamentally improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity of MoS2. Herein, density functional theory calculations reveal that the MoS2 and nitrogen‐doped carbon composite with an Mo–O–C bond can promote the catalytic conversion of polysulfides with a Gibbs free energy of only 0.19 eV and a low dissociation energy barrier of 0.48 eV, owing to the strong covalent coupling effect on the heterogeneous interface. Guided by theoretical calculations, a robust MoS2 strongly coupled with a 3D carbon matrix composed of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide and carbonized melamine foam is designed and constructed as a multifunctional coating layer for lithium–sulfur batteries. As a result, excellent electrochemical performance is achieved for Li–S batteries, with a capacity of 615 mAh g–1 at 5 C, an areal capacity of 6.11 mAh cm–2, and a low self‐discharge of only 8.6% by resting for five days at 0.5 C. This study opens a new avenue for designing 2D material composites toward promoted catalytic conversion of polysulfides.
Selective Solar Harvesting Windows for Full‐Spectrum Utilization
Authors: Li Weihong , Lin Chongjia , Huang Gan , Hur Jun , Huang Baoling , Yao Shuhuai
Published: June 2022

Smart windows can selectively regulate excess solar radiation to reduce heating and cooling energy consumption in the built environment. However, the inevitable dissipation of ultraviolet and near‐infrared into waste heat results in inefficient solar utilization. Herein, a dual‐band selective solar harvesting (SSH) window is developed to realize full‐spectrum utilization. A transparent photovoltaic, converting ultraviolet into electricity, and a transparent solar absorber, converting near‐infrared into thermal energy, are integrated and coupled with a ventilation system to extract heat for indoor use. Compared with common transparent photovoltaics, the SSH window increases solar harvesting efficiency up to threefold while maintaining a considerable visible transmittance. Simulations suggest that the SSH window, besides generating electricity, delivers energy savings by over 30% higher than common smart windows. This is the first integration of transparent photovoltaic and transparent solar absorber into a window, which may open up a new avenue for the development of energy‐efficient buildings.
Spin Ordering Induced Broadband Photodetection Based on Two‐Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor α‐MnSe
Authors: Zhou Nan , Zhang Zhimiao , Wang Fakun , Li Junhao , Xu Xiang , Li Haoran , Ding Su , Liu Jinmei , Li Xiaobo , Xie Yong , Yang Rusen , Ma Ying , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors are considered to have great application prospects in spintronic logic devices, memory devices, and photodetectors, due to their unique structures and outstanding physical properties in 2D confinement. Understanding the influence of magnetism on optical/optoelectronic properties of 2D magnetic semiconductors is a significant issue for constructing multifunctional electronic devices and implementing sophisticated functions. Herein, the influence of spin ordering and magnons on the optical/optoelectronic properties of 2D magnetic semiconductor α‐MnSe synthesized by space‐confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is explored systematically. The spin‐ordering‐induced magnetic phase transition triggers temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra to produce a huge transition at Néel temperature (TN ≈ 160 K). The magnons‐ and defects‐induced emissions are the primary luminescence path below TN and direct internal 4aT1g→6A1g transition‐induced emissions are the main luminescence path above TN. Additionally, the magnons and defect structures endow 2D α‐MnSe with a broadband luminescence from 550 to 880 nm, and an ultraviolet–near‐infrared photoresponse from 365 to 808 nm. Moreover, the device also demonstrates improved photodetection performance at 80 K, possibly influenced by spin ordering and trap states associated with defects. These above findings indicate that 2D magnetic semiconductor α‐MnSe provides an excellent platform for magneto‐optical and magneto‐optoelectronic research.