bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WOX13-like genes are required for reprogramming of leaf and protoplast cells into stem cells in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Sakakibara Keiko , Reisewitz Pascal , Aoyama Tsuyoshi , Friedrich Thomas , Ando Sayuri , Sato Yoshikatsu , Tamada Yosuke , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Hiwatashi Yuji , Kurata Tetsuya , Ishikawa Masaki , Deguchi Hironori , Rensing Stefan A. , Werr Wolfgang , Murata Takashi , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Laux Thomas
Published: April 2014

Many differentiated plant cells can dedifferentiate into stem cells, reflecting the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, cells at the wound margin of detached leaves become reprogrammed into stem cells. Here, we report that two paralogous P. patens WUSCHEL-related homeobox 13-like (PpWOX13L) genes, homologs of stem cell regulators in flowering plants, are transiently upregulated and required for the initiation of cell growth during stem cell formation. Concordantly, Δppwox13l deletion mutants fail to upregulate genes encoding homologs of cell wall loosening factors during this process. During the moss life cycle, most of the Δppwox13l mutant zygotes fail to expand and initiate an apical stem cell to form the embryo. Our data show that PpWOX13L genes are required for the initiation of cell growth specifically during stem cell formation, in analogy to WOX stem cell functions in seed plants, but using a different cellular mechanism.
Spalt-like 4 promotes posterior neural fates via repression of pou5f3 family members in Xenopus
Authors: Young John J. , Kjolby Rachel A. S. , Kong Nikki R. , Monica Stefanie D. , Harland Richard M.
Published: April 2014

Amphibian neural development occurs as a two-step process: (1) induction specifies a neural fate in undifferentiated ectoderm; and (2) transformation induces posterior spinal cord and hindbrain. Signaling through the Fgf, retinoic acid (RA) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways is necessary and sufficient to induce posterior fates in the neural plate, yet a mechanistic understanding of the process is lacking. Here, we screened for factors enriched in posterior neural tissue and identify spalt-like 4 (sall4), which is induced by Fgf. Knockdown of Sall4 results in loss of spinal cord marker expression and increased expression of pou5f3.2 (oct25), pou5f3.3 (oct60) and pou5f3.1 (oct91) (collectively, pou5f3 genes), the closest Xenopus homologs of mammalian stem cell factor Pou5f1 (Oct4). Overexpression of the pou5f3 genes results in the loss of spinal cord identity and knockdown of pou5f3 function restores spinal cord marker expression in Sall4 morphants. Finally, knockdown of Sall4 blocks the posteriorizing effects of Fgf and RA signaling in the neurectoderm. These results suggest that Sall4, activated by posteriorizing signals, represses the pou5f3 genes to provide a permissive environment allowing for additional Wnt/Fgf/RA signals to posteriorize the neural plate.
The evolution and conservation of left-right patterning mechanisms
Authors: Blum Martin , Feistel Kerstin , Thumberger Thomas , Schweickert Axel
Published: April 2014

Morphological asymmetry is a common feature of animal body plans, from shell coiling in snails to organ placement in humans. The signaling protein Nodal is key for determining this laterality. Many vertebrates, including humans, use cilia for breaking symmetry during embryonic development: rotating cilia produce a leftward flow of extracellular fluids that induces the asymmetric expression of Nodal. By contrast, Nodal asymmetry can be induced flow-independently in invertebrates. Here, we ask when and why flow evolved. We propose that flow was present at the base of the deuterostomes and that it is required to maintain organ asymmetry in otherwise perfectly bilaterally symmetrical vertebrates.
Regeneration of the aged thymus by a single transcription factor
Authors: Bredenkamp Nicholas , Nowell Craig S. , Blackburn C. Clare
Published: April 2014

Thymic involution is central to the decline in immune system function that occurs with age. By regenerating the thymus, it may therefore be possible to improve the ability of the aged immune system to respond to novel antigens. Recently, diminished expression of the thymic epithelial cell (TEC)-specific transcription factor Forkhead box N1 (FOXN1) has been implicated as a component of the mechanism regulating age-related involution. The effects of upregulating FOXN1 function in the aged thymus are, however, unknown. Here, we show that forced, TEC-specific upregulation of FOXN1 in the fully involuted thymus of aged mice results in robust thymus regeneration characterized by increased thymopoiesis and increased naive T cell output. We demonstrate that the regenerated organ closely resembles the juvenile thymus in terms of architecture and gene expression profile, and further show that this FOXN1-mediated regeneration stems from an enlarged TEC compartment, rebuilt from progenitor TECs. Collectively, our data establish that upregulation of a single transcription factor can substantially reverse age-related thymic involution, identifying FOXN1 as a specific target for improving thymus function and, thus, immune competence in patients. More widely, they demonstrate that organ regeneration in an aged mammal can be directed by manipulation of a single transcription factor, providing a provocative paradigm that may be of broad impact for regenerative biology.
The egg membrane microdomain-associated uroplakin III-Src system becomes functional during oocyte maturation and is required for bidirectional gamete signaling at fertilization in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Mahbub Hasan A. K. M. , Hashimoto Aki , Maekawa Yuka , Matsumoto Takashi , Kushima Shota , Ijiri Takashi W. , Fukami Yasuo , Sato Ken-ichi
Published: April 2014

In Xenopus laevis, sperm-egg interaction promotes partial proteolysis and/or tyrosine phosphorylation of uroplakin III (UPIII) and the tyrosine kinase Src, which both localize to the cholesterol-enriched egg membrane microdomains (MDs). Here we show that sperm promote proteolysis and/or tyrosine phosphorylation of UPIII and Src in MDs isolated from ovulated and unfertilized eggs (UF-MDs). An antibody against the extracellular domain of UPIII interferes with these events. Inhibition of fertilization by anti-UPIII antibody is rescued by co-incubation with UF-MDs. This suggests that, like MDs in intact eggs, the isolated UF-MDs are capable of interacting with sperm, an interaction that does not interfere with normal fertilization but rather augments the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs pretreated with anti-UPIII antibody. This unexpected effect of UF-MDs on sperm requires UPIII function in UF-MDs and protein kinase activity in sperm. MDs isolated from progesterone-treated mature oocytes, but not ovarian immature oocytes, are similarly functional as UF-MDs. The anti-UPIII extracellular domain antibody binds more effectively to the surface of mature than immature ovarian oocytes. We propose that the structural and functional competency of the UPIII-Src signaling system in MDs is strictly regulated during oocyte maturation and subsequently in sperm-mediated egg activation and fertilization. The fertilization-related signaling properties seen in UF-MDs can be partially reconstituted in MDs of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (293-MDs) expressing UPIII, Src and uroplakin Ib. However, 293-MDs expressing a proteolysis-resistant mutant of UPIII are less functional, suggesting that the availability of UPIII to protease action is important for MD function.
Theoretical Studies of Rhodium-Catalyzed Borylation of Nitriles through Cleavage of Carbon–Cyano Bonds
Authors: Kinuta Hirotaka , Takahashi Hiroaki , Tobisu Mamoru , Mori Seiji , Chatani Naoto
Published: April 2014

Rhodium(I)-catalyzed borylation of nitriles is investigated theoretically, using the density functional theory method, to clarify the reaction mechanism, including the formation process of the catalytically active species, carbon–carbon bond cleavage, and the effect of an amine additive. The initial step in this reaction is the formation of a borylrhodium(I) species, in which the rhodium center carries a significant negative charge. The most energetically favorable pathway for carbon–carbon bond cleavage involves the insertion of a cyano group into borylrhodium(I) to form an iminoacyl intermediate, followed by extrusion of boryl isocyanide (iminoacyl mechanism). The calculation suggests that DABCO can react with coproduced reactive boron species, such as boryl chloride and boryl isocyanide, to form stable adducts, lowering the energy of the entire reaction system. In addition, the chemoselectivities among C–CN, C–Br, and C–Cl bonds observed in experimental studies are in good agreement with the calculated activation energies required for these bond activation processes.
Aromatic Selenoic, Selenothioic, and Diselenoic Acid Salts: Isolation, Characterization, and 77Se NMR Spectra, Together with Theoretical Elucidation
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Nishi Daisuke , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro
Published: April 2014

To systematically elucidate molecular and electronic structures of aromatic selenoic acid salts and their heavier congeners, they were synthesized by reacting selenoic, selenothioic, and diselenoic acid Se-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl] esters with ammonium fluorides. The resulting salts were characterized by 13C and 77Se NMR spectra, and some of their molecular structures were disclosed by X-ray analyses. These results were compared with spectroscopic properties and molecular structures of selenoic and selenothioic acid Se-methyl esters. As a result, in the resonance hybrids of selenoic and selenothioic acid ammonium salts, the resonance structures involving carbon–selenium double bonds also contribute to the resonance hybrids, and the importance of these resonance structures appears to increase on going from selenoic to selenothioic acid salts on the basis of the results of the coupling constants of carbon–selenium bonds and UV–visible spectra. The results were well supported by the optimized structures and evaluated NMR parameters for the species.
The Most Unkindest Cut: Gender, Genre, and Castration in Statius’ Achilleid and Silvae 3.4
Authors: Russell Craig M.
Published: April 2014

This article examines how two of Statius’ late works—the Achilleid and Silvae 3.4, composed roughly contemporaneously—use their central characters for similar explorations of issues of gender and genre. Both poems feature boys whose journeys to manhood are arrested by detours into situations with troubled gender boundaries: Achilles’ stay on Scyros as a girl and an imperial eunuch’s celebration of a rite of passage into adulthood. Similarities in plot, character, and language invite a close reading of both poems together as part of the poet’s exploration of the genre boundaries so intimately connected with epic’s self-definition through gender and masculinity.
Innovating Advertising: Conventional vs. Innovative Anthropomorphic Advertising Approaches in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Shaffer Joshua
Published: April 2014

This research focuses on anthropomorphism in advertising and introduces a new concept: innovative anthropomorphic advertising. Many companies have introduced and executed successful advertising campaigns using anthropomorphism. This research focuses on two separate forms of anthropomorphic advertising: conventional and innovative. The research also presents two case studies of companies that have implemented such advertising strategies. The author concludes by discussing managerial implications, conclusions, and recommendations for future research.
Human Billboarding: Peopled Publicity and a New Space of “Agency” in Advertising
Authors: McFarlane-Alvarez Susan
Published: April 2014

In today’s saturated media environment, advertising messages populate every part of the landscape, causing advertisers to seek new ways to break through the clutter and reach potential consumers. Against this backdrop, a renewed form of selling messages emerges, which continues to develop in pace with ongoing shifts within the advertising and mass media landscapes. This article analyzes the evolving phenomenon of human billboarding. Beginning with an examination of the history of this practice, the paper moves beyond the usual “end of the world as we know it” position of related research and seeks more productive ways to understand this new form of corporate messaging as a strategy for addressing social realities through carnivalesque performance.
Limits of the Locavore
Authors: Anderson L.V.
Published: April 2014

In 2011 Barry Estabrook published Tomatoland, a harrowing exposé of the labor conditions of tomato pickers in South Florida. Estabrook described squalid labor camps, paltry wages, and violent managers. The harvesters he profiled toiled in the fields for long hours but received neither overtime nor medical benefits (and in some extreme cases, received no wages at all). Mostly undocumented immigrants or guest workers in desperate need of money, they feared reporting their working conditions to government authorities.
What Counts as Intelligence?
Authors: Rose Mike
Published: April 2014

When my uncle Joe Meraglio was discharged from the Navy after the Second World War, he, like other young men in his Rust Belt town, went back to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad. But the railroad industry was beginning its slow, painful decline, so after factory shutdowns and layoffs, he worked odd jobs as a plasterer and painter—until, finally, he packed it in and followed opportunity to the auto industry, which was thriving in Ohio and Michigan.
Women and Other Art Objects
Authors: Lewis Natasha
Published: April 2014

At the National Book Awards ceremony this past November, Rachel Kushner read a section from her second novel, The Flamethrowers , a finalist in the fiction category. She chose a scene set at a New York dinner party in 1976, in which a middle-aged artist named Stanley Kastle plays his guests a tape in which he muses about language and real estate: “A good realtor says ‘home.’ Never ‘house.’ Always ‘cellar’ and never ‘basement.’ Basements are where cats crap on old Santa costumes. Where men drink themselves to death. Where children learn firsthand about sexual molestation. But cellar. A cellar is where you keep root vegetables and wine.” Kushner’s reading lasted five minutes, but she didn’t get through half of Stanley’s recorded speech.
Trasher Feminism: Valerie Solanas and Her Enemies
Authors: Pan Jennifer
Published: April 2014

Late last year former NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly visited Brown University to deliver a lecture on “proactive policing,” a tepid euphemism for a stop-and-frisk policy that primarily targeted black and Latino youth. Lying in wait was a group of students who had assembled to protest Kelly and his policies and who booed and shouted until the commissioner decided to leave the podium. When the students’ victory reached the social justice media circuits, the left divided. Many celebrated the protests; others believed the shout-down was a low blow and undermined efforts to curtail police abuses.
Work It! The New Face of Labor in Fashion
Authors: Strassel Annemarie
Published: April 2014

The 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza garment factory in Bangladesh evoked iconic moments in labor history when primarily young, female participants in the garment industry suffered and organized for their lives. Today, the chain of young, female, often migrant labor stretches from the ruined factories of Bangladesh to global style centers like New York and London, where legions of underpaid or unpaid interns, models, and other workers form a creative underclass. In the United States, many have few or no protections under the National Labor Relations Act. And unlike factory workers, the creative side of the industry is just beginning to organize. Both sides are working to close the geographic and conceptual space dividing fashion and labor.
Wages for Facebook
Authors: Jung E. Alex
Published: April 2014

When visitors enter the University Art Gallery at the University of California, San Diego, they normally find a white reception desk to their left with an attendant tapping at a laptop. However, during the exhibition And How Are We Feeling Today? , the reception area was transformed by an imaginary political campaign: Wages for Facebook. Bright posters of currency symbols adorned the front of a table, and on top visitors could find campaign buttons featuring a fist in a blue outline reminiscent of Facebook’s “Like” button scattered among books such as Digital Labour and Karl Marx by Christian Fuchs and Who Owns the Future? by Jaron Lanier.
The Twilight of the British Public Health System?
Authors: Gaffney Adam
Published: April 2014

Less than two years after the fall of Nazi Germany, a bankrupt Britain—reeling from the most destructive war in history and living under conditions of stark austerity—elected to create an extraordinary system of universal health care, the National Health Service (NHS). Aneurin Bevan, the Labour Party minister of health who played a crucial role in its creation, famously remarked that the NHS would “last as long as there are folk left with the faith to fight for it.” Subsequent developments, it seems, have put his challenge to the test.
Exchange on Henry Wallace
Authors: Gordon Linda , Arnesen Eric
Published: April 2014

Eric Arnesen’s review (Fall 2013) of Henry Wallace’s 1948 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Postwar Liberalism , Thomas Devine’s book on Henry Wallace, troubled me, less because of what it said than because of what it didn’t. I have no quarrel with the facts presented, and I assume that Arnesen accurately represented Devine’s history. But by accepting the limits of Devine’s book, Arnesen presents so partial a view of Wallace that it distorts Wallace’s overall contributions and makes it harder for readers to understand his career.
Win, Lose, or Draw: The New Nullification
Authors: Johnston Abby
Published: April 2014

When he started working at the Tenth Amendment Center three-and-a-half years ago, Communications Director Mike Maharrey could recite every bill that dealt with the nullification of federal law across the United States, even if most were toothless, non-binding resolutions. In his second year, though pushback against the Affordable Care Act and the National Defense Authorization Act crossed his desk, he could still keep track. By 2013, when virtually every state introduced some sort of nullification bill, his memory had spread a little thin. “We got to the point where we couldn’t keep up with all of them, and I’m certain that it’s going to be like that again next year,” he said.
Beyond Rights
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: April 2014

The 1964 Civil Rights Act certainly deserves a shower of golden anniversary tributes. Thanks to what Clay Risen, in his new book about its passage, calls “the Bill of the Century,” most Americans now assume and most welcome the fact that restaurants and hotels cannot turn people away because of their race, that women can apply for the same jobs as men, and that colleges that practice discrimination can’t receive federal funds.
Religiosity’s Impact on Agricultural Investment on the American Frontier
Authors: Decker Christopher S. , Wohar Mark E. , Denny Jaime
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates the impact of religiosity on agricultural investment in the Great Plains region of the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. We find that counties with higher concentrations of religious adherents tend to experience greater growth in land improvements on farms. In addition, we find that increases in religious diversity leads to growth in land improvement investments. Overall, the results generally support hypotheses that assert social capital, as measured by religious group concentrations, played a significant, and until recently, overlooked, role in the development of the American agricultural economy.
Junk Jaunt Geography: Buying and Selling America’s Cultural Past in Central Nebraska
Authors: Combs H. Jason , Burger Paul R.
Published: April 2014

This project builds on previous material culture research by providing a detailed examination of material diffusion at central Nebraska’s Junk Jaunt. What began in 2003 and is now in its 10th year, the Junk Jaunt annually attracts some 20,000 participants from across the United States and Canada. This article briefly defines material culture and reviews several traditional distribution methods—auctions, the Internet, and garage sales. It also introduces Nebraska’s Junk Jaunt as an example of the growing phenomenon of place-based antiques tourism as communities capitalize on local culture and sense of place. Junk Jaunt organizers provided multiple datasets including participant surveys, guest book registrations, vendor information, and sales of shopper guides. These data illustrate the immense drawing power of Nebraska’s perception as an authentic place, which is reflected in its material culture.
An Assessment of Prairie Restoration at Fort Scott National Historic Site
Authors: Corpstein Craig , Arruda Joseph , Ford Cynthia , Jayawardhana Ananda
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe and assess the current condition of the restored prairie at Fort Scott National Historic Site ( nhs ), and to compare its condition to that of a tallgrass prairie remnant. Cover values for plant species were estimated using a systematic random design. Species richness and floristic quality values were significantly higher at the native prairie than at the Fort Scott nhs restored prairie in June and September 2011. Big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii ) Vitman was the only dominant species found at both study sites. The summer/fall forbs guild was the main functional group at the Fort Scott nhs restored prairie in June, with c 4 grasses becoming dominant by September. The c 4 plant guild was the major functional group at the native prairie in June and September. Differences in species composition and their relative abundances indicate that the Fort Scott nhs restored tallgrass prairie has only partially recreated the native prairie that was once found in the region.
Screamers, Whiners, and Drive-Bys: How Umpires View Baseball Coaches’ Attempts to Influence Their Calls
Authors: Warneke Kevin , Ogden Dave
Published: April 2014

Baseball managers and umpires don’t always see eye-to-eye. Their on-field confrontations long have been part of the game—and the outcome of those contests. But those confrontations have received scant attention by researchers who focus on the dynamics of the game. This study serves as the sequel to our previous work that applied management and leadership theories in exploring the strategies baseball coaches use to contest an umpire’s decision. We used leadership scholar John E. Barbuto’s concept of influence tactics and the types of social power discussed by sociologists John R. French and Bertram Raven. The use of influence tactics and social power are standard in the workplace between managers and subordinates, managers and their peers, and managers and their supervisors. This study examines the success of those influence tactics—but from the umpire’s perspective. We interviewed 12 umpires who call high school and collegiate games and categorized their findings into four themes: (1) when to approach umpires about a call; (2) how to approach them; (3) how umpires’ age and experience affect their reactions to coaches; and (4) how to show umpires respect. This study, in investigating the interactions of baseball managers and umpires, reinforces congruence theory—that baseball imitates the workplace.
Fashion Amidst the Ruins: Revisiting the Early Rubble Films And the Heavens Above (1947) and The Murderers are Among Us (1946)
Authors: Ganeva Mila
Published: April 2014

This paper revisits two early rubble films from 1946 and 1947 against the background of the contemporary fashion and women’s press in Berlin in order to reconstruct a historic female experience of the immediate postwar period that goes beyond the clichéd images of the German woman as Trümmerfrau , Amiflitt-chen , or a victim of rape. By taking a closer look at the presentations of clothes and various sartorial practices in these two films, this article delineates a wider range of subjective positions associated with female characters and a broader array of attractive identities offered to a predominantly female spectatorship.
Theater at the Iron Curtain
Authors: Komska Yuliya
Published: April 2014

In its function as a Cold War partition, the Iron Curtain rarely recalls theater unless it is to allude to the vague sense of drama in the era's politics. To reconsider its relationship to the stage, this article uncovers a short-lived plan to turn the divide into a meaningful location of West German theater of the late 1950s and early 1960s—the period usually associated with creative stagnation. Along the spuriously explored Czechoslovak–West German border, I argue, the border was mobilized to infuse canonical works with new strategic significance and make a case for site-specific performance.
Störfälle : Literary Accounts from Chernobyl to Fukushima
Authors: Gerstenberger Katharina
Published: April 2014

Nuclear accidents and the radiation they release into the environment exceed human sensory perception and, ultimately, comprehension. Whereas sociological analyses of such catastrophes tend to emphasize the difficulties of risk management, writers of literary texts raise questions of meaning and narrative control. Spanning the period from 1987 to 2012, the disaster texts by Christa Wolf, Inka Parei, Yoko Tawada, and Elfriede Jelinek that are the focus of this essay explore the personal, political, linguistic, and historical complexities of such catastrophes. Expressing and acknowledging the helplessness of the subject, they offer narrative approaches to catastrophe beyond individual responses and responsibilities.
“Welch’ unbebautes und riesengroßes Feld”: Turkey as Colonial Space in German World War I Writings
Authors: Krobb Florian
Published: April 2014

The outbreak of World War I spawned a flood of pamphlets in which the Turco-German alliance was promoted and visions for a Germanization of Ottoman space were articulated. Academics and political commentators mapped this area in distinctly colonialist terms; journalists praised the potential of German intervention; but early accounts by German soldiers expressed disappointment regarding the apparent loss of cultural distinctness in the process of modernization. In these publications, Orientalist desire and projection reached a unique intensity as the military alliance and the realities of warfare were welcomed as catalysts for the realization of old ambitions and the implementation of colonialist designs.
Fear and Loathing in Berlin: German Military Culture at the Turn of the 1930s
Authors: Sencer Emre
Published: April 2014

The traditional scholarship on the history of the civil-military relations in the Weimar Republic emphasizes the military establishment’s hostility toward the civilian leadership, based on the former’s lack of democratic principles. Yet a closer look at the military’s own publications in the latter years of the republic reveals a deeper sense of insecurity and alienation emerging from the experience of the World War I and the Versailles process, which helped shape the contours of military culture at the turn of the 1930s.
The Nazi Denaturalization of German Emigrants: The Case of Wilhelm Reich
Authors: Bennett Philip W. , Peglau Andreas
Published: April 2014

In 1933 the Nazis began to denaturalize German citizens who had fled Germany. The controversial Austrian psychoanalyst, Wilhelm Reich, was among the 40,000 emigrants who lost their German citizenship as a result of a denaturalization investigation—Reich had become German following the Anschluss . Shortly after he arrived in the United States, the FBI began a case against Reich, culminating in his arrest as a “German enemy alien,” and his imprisonment for nearly a month. The common features of these two investigations are explored, with an emphasis on the shared anticommunism of both the FBI and the Nazi regime.
“Her Little Maid Mandy”: The Abolitionist Slave Owner and the Rhetoric of Affection in the Life and Early Fiction of E. D. E. N. Southworth
Authors: Jones Paul Christian
Published: April 2014

This essay explores newly discovered evidence that novelist E.D.E.N Southworth, whose career began as a contributor to the anti-slavery National Era , was a slave-owner during the years she was publishing abolitionist fiction in the Era . The awareness of this status both complicates and clarifies our understanding of Southworth's early fiction, which has been labeled both abolitionist and pro-slavery apologism. The essay explores Southworth's vacillating thinking on slave-owning and recovers her predilection for an affectionate view of the master-slave relationship even as her fiction demonstrates the danger of this view. The concluding section of the essay explores evidence, emerging from an 1854 public dispute between Southworth over the ownership of a slave, that Southworth learned the lesson of her own fiction as she set aside sentimental views of slave-owning and manumitted her slaves.
Introduction: The Aesthetics of Archival Evidence
Authors: Hyde Carrie , Rezek Joseph
Published: April 2014

This forum has arisen from the conviction that recent debates about historicism and reading have not fully addressed the evidentiary questions of text-based scholarship or the bewilderment, excitement, and material insights that distinguish aesthetically informed work with archival sources. Recent critiques of historicism, we suggest, have not allowed for the fact that archival work often doesn't feel like "work" at all. Reconceptualizing "evidence" through its etymological relation to vision (videre, to see) we argue that the "flat" information that statistical purviews, data-mining, and keyword searches tend to provide is only one type of evidence--and it is not obviously superior in nature to the qualitative forms of knowledge once associated with close-reading. Without recuperating the hermetic logic of formalism or feeling behold to historicism's tendency to value typicality (over variation) this forum stresses that archival research and aesthetic interpretation are not mutually exclusive--and that aesthetics is as much a part of the fabric of the archive as it is of the individual texts within it.
Science Instruction Through the Visual Arts in Special Collections
Authors: Brown Amanda H. , Losoff Barbara , Hollis Deborah R.
Published: April 2014

The University of Colorado Boulder (CU–Boulder) is known for strong programming in the sciences and a teaching faculty at the forefront of science education and reform. Librarians at CU–Boulder, in collaboration with science faculty, are challenged to improve undergraduate science education. Using rare, historic, and artistic works from Special Collections, the librarians employ active learning techniques that emphasize visual imagery to improve the quality of undergraduate learning in the sciences. This paper describes the fledgling program developed by CU–Boulder librarians to create a space for student-driven, collaborative learning using historic and visual scientific materials found in Special Collections.
Literature as a Network: Creative-Writing Scholarship in Literary Magazines
Authors: Green Harriett E.
Published: April 2014

With the increase in undergraduate and graduate programs for creative writing at institutions of higher education in North America, literary journals and magazines now serve as leading scholarly publishing outlets and research resources for creative-writing faculty and students. This study analyzes ten years of citations from nineteen leading print and digital literary journals to examine the publication frequencies of academically affiliated writers and the representative strength of such writers in various literary genres. Through the citation analysis, the study proposes that library support of scholarship for the discipline of creative writing in literary magazines can be achieved by promoting broader discovery and user access to literary magazines in library collections and revised collection development strategies to strengthen the representation of literary journals in academic library collections.
Resilience and Redirection: Information Literacy in Louisiana Higher Education
Authors: Hutchings Jessica , Willey Malia
Published: April 2014

This article reports on a 2012 survey conducted by members of the Louisiana Academic Library and Information Network Consortium (LALINC) to determine the status of the curricular integration of information literacy instruction following numerous budget cuts to Louisiana higher education since 2008. The article also discusses the 2012 deletion of the information literacy requirement from the Louisiana Board of Regents’ general education requirements and provides a comparison of general education and library requirements in the states belonging to the Southern Regional Educational Board (SREB). The authors conclude that a statewide general information literacy requirement is not currently practical for Louisiana higher education.
E-Book Use and Attitudes in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education
Authors: Corlett-Rivera Kelsey , Hackman Timothy
Published: April 2014

A survey of more than 1,300 faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students in the humanities and social sciences at the University of Maryland generated a wealth of data on use and opinions of e-books among those users. While the initial purpose of the survey was to gather data that would aid humanities and social sciences librarians in making collection development decisions for their academic departments, the data will also be useful to all academic librarians who make decisions about e-books for their institutions.
Personal Library Curation: An Ethnographic Study of Scholars’ Information Practices
Authors: Antonijević Smiljana , Cahoy Ellysa Stern
Published: April 2014

This paper presents findings of a Mellon Foundation–funded study conducted at Penn State University in University Park during Fall 2012 that explored scholars’ information practices across disciplines encompassing the sciences, humanities, and social sciences. Drawing on results of the Web-based survey and ethnographic interviews, we present findings related to academics’ practices in discovering, storing, citing, and archiving information, as well as their views on the role of library in the digital age. The paper harvests a comparative multidisciplinary perspective of our study, identifying principles and technical architecture that support digital scholarship and facilitate the development of literacies for faculty personal information management.
Situating Information Literacy Within the Curriculum: Using a Rubric to Shape a Program
Authors: Jastram Iris , Leebaw Danya , Tompkins Heather
Published: April 2014

Rubrics are a rapidly growing subfield of information literacy assessment, providing a powerful tool for understanding student learning. This paper explores the role that the creation and application of an information literacy rubric can play in program development. Because of the Information Literacy in Student Writing assessment project at Carleton College, opportunities for information literacy instruction have opened up, we have begun the long process of arriving at a shared understanding of information literacy on campus, and our information literacy program is better integrated with campus-wide goals.
Moral Disorder In the DSM-IV?: The Cluster B Personality Disorders
Authors: Reimer Marga
Published: April 2014

Abstract: Psychiatry has often been accused of ‘medicalizing morals.’ The DSM-IV’s inclusion of the Cluster B Personality Disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic) might seem to lend credence to this charge. Bioethicist Louis Charland and physician-philosopher Carl Elliott would likely concur. Whereas Charland argues that the Cluster B disorders are ‘moral rather than medical’ conditions, that they are genuine ‘illnesses’ is an idea that, according to Elliott, ‘should give us pause.’ Although the intuitions captured in the arguments of Charland and Elliott are undeniably strong, the arguments themselves are rather weak. In responding to these arguments, I defend the view that the Cluster B Personality Disorders are ‘fundamentally mental’ and only ‘contingently moral.’ They are genuine mental disorders, rightly included in the DSM, whose symptoms consist largely of morally disvalued traits.
In Quest for Scientific Psychiatry: Toward Bridging the Explanatory Gap
Authors: Stoyanov Drozdstoj , Machamer Peter , Schaffner Kenneth F.
Published: April 2014

Abstract: The contemporary epistemic status of mental health disciplines does not allow the cross-validation of mental disorders among various genetic markers, biochemical pathway or mechanisms, and clinical assessments in neuroscience explanations. We attempt to provide a meta-empirical analysis of the contemporary status of the cross-disciplinary issues existing between neurobiology and psychopathology. Our case studies take as an established medical mode an example cross-validation between biological sciences and clinical cardiology in the case of myocardial infarction. This is then contrasted with (…) the incoherence between neuroscience and psychiatry in the case of bipolar disorders. We examine some methodological problems arising from the neuroimaging studies, specifically the experimental paradigm introduced by the team of Wayne Drevets. Several theoretical objections are raised: temporal discordance, state independence, and queries about the reliability and specificity, and failure of convergent validity of the interdisciplinary attempt. Both modern neuroscience and clinical psychology taken as separate fields have failed to reveal the explanatory mechanisms underlying mental disorders. The data acquired inside the monodisciplinary matrices of neurobiology and psychopathology are deeply insufficient concerning their validity, reliability, and utility. Further, there have not been developed any effective transdisciplinary connections between them. It raises the requirement for development of explanatory significant multidisciplinary ‘meta-language’ in psychiatry. We attempt to provide a novel conceptual model for an integrative dialogue between psychiatry and neuroscience that actually includes criteria for cross-validation of the commonly used psychiatric categories and the different assessment methods. The major goal of our proactive program is the foundation of complementary ‘bridging’ connections of neuroscience and psychopathology, which may stabilize the cognitive meta-structure of mental health knowledge. This entails bringing into synergy the disparate discourses of clinical psychology and neuroscience. One possible model accomplishment of this goal would be the synergistic (or at least compatible) integration of the knowledge under transdisciplinary convergent cross-validation of the commonly used methods and notions.
Freud without Oedipus: The Cognitive Unconscious
Authors: Tauber Alfred I.
Published: April 2014

Abstract: Recent psychological and cognitive scientific studies outside psychoanalysis have further demonstrated an active collaboration of unconscious and conscious deliberation, so that the classical Freudian Other—the unconscious—might now be better conceived as serving, under certain circumstances, the ego’s own agenda by learning normative constructs that guide the subject in its mediating functions with social and natural environments. Such dialogue between conscious and unconscious locales of the mind supports those formulations that resist the dichotomies of a rational ego and an a-rational id pitted against each other, and substitutes instead a conception of the mind that squarely places unconscious mental processes as integral to a functionally effective ego. Freud, in his last model of the mind, sought to better integrate discrete mental domains and current evidence supports the intuition that drove his theoretical development. Seeing him as a cognitivist excavates the underlying structure of his thinking, which remains highly relevant today.
Staging and Filming John Bale's Three Laws
Authors: Dutton Elisabeth , Cecire Maria Sachiko , McBain James
Published: April 2014

This article discusses a pilot research project by EDOX (Early Drama at Oxford) featuring John Bale's allegorical play Three Laws (1538-9): the project included research into the historical circumstances surrounding the play's writing and early stagings, a live contemporary production, and a documentary film. Bale's play is wordy, theologically dense, and formulaic in structure: it proved also to be full of dramatic potential. This article explores Bale's engagement with drama as a vehicle for theological teaching. It also narrates the challenges and opportunities Bale's script presented to the EDOX team for bringing the past and present into productive relation. The Oxford setting of both live performance and film encouraged engagement with the city's Reformation history through the work of a lesser-known voice in English theatre: a not-Shakespearean commentary on sixteenth-century English religion and politics which continues to resonate today.
"You have no voice!": Constructing Reputation through Contemporaries in the Shakespeare Biopic
Authors: Kirwan Peter
Published: April 2014

This article addresses the construction of Shakespearean reputation and legacy in contemporary film through re-evaluation of the much-derided Anonymous (Roland Emmerich, 2011), in addition to John Madden's Shakespeare in Love (1998). In both films, the framing, presentation and performance of Shakespeare's contemporaries (Jonson, Marlowe, Nashe, Dekker and Webster) is key to an understanding of how both films figure what it means to be "Shakespeare" and what it means to be "not-Shakespeare". Viewing Shakespeare and his work through the eyes of his fellow writers, the films position Shakespearean reputation as formed both by and in spite of the observations of his friends and rivals. In performing Shakespeare's contemporaries, writers and work are elided to create simple caricatures that contrast directly with the expectations of Romantic genius established for Shakespeare. In the cases of Marlowe and Jonson, however, more complex associations between competing literary legacies are brought into play that problematise the nature of the Shakespearean legacy. Emmerich's film, in seeking to rewrite the history of "Shakespeare", employs Jonson as its protagonist in order to question the nature of memorialisation, recognition and connoisseurship in preference to unquestioning fandom. In so doing, Anonymous provides a model for understanding the anti-Stratfordian experience through the overshadowing of other early modern dramatists.
Genres: Cinematic and Early Modern
Authors: Smith Emma
Published: April 2014

This essay brings together two areas of study from cinema and theatre. The first is the theory of popular genres, their evolutionary cycle, and their role in the industrial development of Hollywood in the first half of the twentieth century, as explored by theorists and historians of cinema. The second is the early modern genre of revenge tragedy and its generic selfconsciousness and metatheatricality. Insights from the film industry can build our understanding of the so-called Wars of the Theatres at the very end of the sixteenth century as a distinctly commercial phenomenon haunted by one genre in particular: revenge tragedy. Following Roslyn Knutson, I see the phenomenon of theatre rivalry in the period from around 1598 to 1601 as mutually beneficial industrial partnership rather than bitter ideological and interpersonal competition. Using the industrial organisation of the studio system in Hollywood as an analogue for the developing business of theatre, I argue that revenge tragedy, particularly the influential The Spanish Tragedy , is an under-recognised generic engine of this serial commercial theatre experience developed by a mature entertainment industry operating as a kind of professional cartel. Just as revenge tragedy implicates its characters in a web of action and reaction, so the genre enacts and codifies early modern theatre's commercial bonds; revenge tragedy's muchcommented metatheatricality extends beyond performance to the developing London theatre industry.
Calibrating the Female Body: Shame, Disgust, and the Recuperative Gaze in Amos Gitaï's Kadosh
Authors: Atik Aliza
Published: April 2014

"Calibrating the Female Body" looks at the way affects circulate in Amos Gitaï's 1999 film, Kadosh . It demonstrates that shame and disgust work to maintain hierarchies within the community that Gitaï depicts. As affects, shame and disgust act upon the body, by directing the shamed subject's eyes downward in isolation, or by compelling other bodies to move away from the one deemed disgusting. As Rivka and Malka are consistently perceived as shameful and disgusting, they are rendered subordinate in a system of phallocentric domination. Within this system however, the gaze functions in a peculiar way, at times subduing the shamed subjects, but at other times allowing for a recuperative moment. When Rivka and Malka's downward shamed gazes turn to a reflective surface, such as water or a mirror, they are able to sustain a moment of visual connection with their own selves, helping to ease the rupture between the ego and ego ideal—healing the split which had sustained their shame. These moments allow for a recuperation of subjectivity that creates an opportunity to move beyond the patriarchal system's limitations.
Rolling in Dust: Maurice Schwartz's Tevye (1939) And Its Ambiguities
Authors: Grinberg Marat
Published: April 2014

The American Yiddish film Tevye (1939), produced, directed, written by and starring Maurice Schwartz, has been discussed solely in relation to its source—Sholem Aleichem's famed cycle of stories—and the history of its adaptations. Moving from the question of adaptation to that of intertextuality and cultural continuity, this essay argues that the film ought to be recognized as a seminally subversive work and a contradictory visual text, whose indebtedness to the Yiddish classic is surpassed by its internal complexity. Positioning the film within the network of intersecting influences, cinematic, theatrical, and literary, the essay shows that in Tevye , the patriarchal character becomes the platform for a turning point in the Jewish intellectual psyche on the eve of the Holocaust, marked by a sense of tortured ambivalence toward the traditional Jewish world to which American Yiddish artists and intellectuals felt compelled to return. By suggesting that the film was a response to Yankev Glatstein's seminal poem, "Good Night, World," the essay begins to (re)construct the engagement between Yiddish cinema and literature and their formation of a new historical moment out of the mixture of intellectual and artistic anxieties.
"Violent and Sentimental by Turns": The Gendered Discourses of Mike Gold
Authors: Port Cynthia
Published: April 2014

Proletarian writer Michael Gold famously adopts a pose of exaggerated virility in his theoretical writing as a defense against charges of the effeminacy that was associated with intellectuals, with mass culture, and with Jewish men. But the portraits Gold draws in his autobiographical novel, Jews Without Money , suggest a more complex gendered and ethnic rhetoric through which he idealizes feminized, sentimental domesticity as a counterpoint to gangsterism, the myth of the wild west, and the drive for an authentic, manly American identity. By yoking together the registers of the sentimental and the violent in his writing, Gold seeks not only to move his readers emotionally, but also to goad them toward revolutionary action. This motivational mission justifies Gold's writing as valuable labor rather than the intellectual parasitism and aesthetic prostitution he consistently condemns.