bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pan-Atlantic “Multiple Modal Belt”?
Authors: Zullo Davide , Pfenninger Simone E. , Schreier Daniel
Published: June 2020

Multiple modality is spread across the wider Atlantic region, both within individual varieties and across variety types. Based on corpus-based evidence, it is argued that first and second tiers of multiple modals carry high diagnostic value and that regionally separated Anglophone areas differ in their preference for first-and second-tier components in modal constructions. Semantics is a typological diagnostic, as there exists a continuum, the “Multiple Modal Belt,” that consists of three main clusters of varieties primarily differentiated by their respective compositional preferences: North American varieties favor epistemic ‘weak probability’ elements (e.g., might) as first-tier modals; Caribbean varieties favor ‘high probability’ or ‘certainty’ (e.g., must). Multiple causation and contact-induced change are offered as explanations for supra-and subregional variation in the Atlantic region, and there is strong evidence that the preference for second-tier components originally represented Scottish origin and subsequent diffusion with locally differing contact scenarios. Locally distinct preferences for semantic compositionality—particularly based on preference for first-tier ‘high-probability’ modals—are used to model a geo-typological clustering of varieties throughout the wider Atlantic region.
Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion (1949; trans. 1958)
Authors: Patton Laurie L.
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the work of Mircea Eliade, especially Patterns in Comparative Religion, as an “Undead text.” Beginning with an analysis of Eliade’s work as it was understood in the 1980s, the author moves on to discuss the role of Patterns in the context of Eliade’s life throughout the twentieth century, including his wish to move away from his Romanian roots and far-right political associations. Patterns became an Undead text when Eliade’s critics argued that the work was part of a larger pattern of ahistorical, acontextual analysis. This critique was particularly trenchant in the context of more public discussion of his far-right past. The article ends by noting the ways in which Patterns is an Undead Text: it endures through conversations with colleagues who wish to rehabilitate Eliade’s work, if not his life; through syllabi in the “intellectual history” of the field; and through the lens of religion and literature.
Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division
Authors: Sunchu Bharath , Cabernard Clemens
Published: June 2020

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike to control cell fate and generate cell diversity. A detailed mechanistic understanding of ACD is therefore necessary to understand cell fate decisions in health and disease. ACD can be manifested in the biased segregation of macromolecules, the differential partitioning of cell organelles, or differences in sibling cell size or shape. These events are usually preceded by and influenced by symmetry breaking events and cell polarization. In this Review, we focus predominantly on cell intrinsic mechanisms and their contribution to cell polarization, ACD and binary cell fate decisions. We discuss examples of polarized systems and detail how polarization is established and, whenever possible, how it contributes to ACD. Established and emerging model organisms will be considered alike, illuminating both well-documented and underexplored forms of polarization and ACD.
Remote Home Monitoring of Older Surgical Cancer Patients: Perspective on Study Implementation and Feasibility
Authors: Jonker Leonie T. , Plas Matthijs , de Bock Geertruida H. , Buskens Erik , van Leeuwen Barbara L. , Lahr Maarten M. H.
Published: June 2020

Background

Remote home monitoring might fill the perceived surveillance gap after hospital discharge. However, it is unclear whether older oncologic patients will be able to use the required new digital technologies. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of postoperative remote home monitoring for this population.

Methods

This observational cohort study recruited patients aged 65 years or older scheduled for oncologic surgery. The study patients used a mobile application and activity tracker preoperatively until 3 months postoperatively. A subset of the patients used additional devices (thermometer, blood pressure monitor, weight scale) and completed electronic health questionnaires 2 weeks after hospital discharge. Feasibility was assessed by the study completion rate, compliance in using components of the information technology system, acceptability [Net Promotor Score (NPS)] and usability [System Usability Scale (SUS)]. The NPS score varied from − 100 to + 100. An SUS higher than 68 was considered above average.

Results

Of 47 participants (mean age, 72 years; range, 65–85 years), 37 completed a follow-up assessment, yielding a completion rate of 79%. Compliance in using the activity tracker (n = 41) occurred a median of 81 days [interquartile range (IQR), 70–90 days] out of 90 post-discharge days. Compliance in measuring vital signs and completing health questionnaires varied from a median of 10.5 days (IQR, 4.5–14.0 days) to 12 days (IQR, 5–14 days) out of 14 days. The NPS was + 29.7%, and the mean SUS was 74.4 ± 19.3.

Conclusion

Older oncologic patients in the study considered postoperative home monitoring acceptable and usable. Once they consented to participate, the patients were compliant, and the completion rate was high.
The Competitive Effects of Entry: Evidence from Supercenter Expansion
Authors: Arcidiacono Peter , Ellickson Paul B. , Mela Carl F. , Singleton John D.
Published: June 2020

Coupling weekly grocery transactions with the exact location and opening date of Walmarts over an 11-year period, we examine how Supercenter entry affects prices and revenues at incumbent supermarkets. We find that entry within 1 mile of an incumbent causes a sharp 16 percent drop in revenue, a competitive effect that decays quickly with distance. Surprisingly, despite large cross-sectional differences in supermarket prices by exposure to Walmart, our findings also indicate that Supercenter entry has no causal effect on incumbent prices. This result is robust across many dimensions, including a lack of price response for individual products, and across brands within a category. (JEL D22, L81, R32)
The Value of Reference Letters: Experimental Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Abel Martin , Burger Rulof , Piraino Patrizio
Published: June 2020

We show that reference letters from former employers alleviate information frictions in a low-skill labor market, improving applicant screening and gender equity. A resume audit study finds that using a reference letter in the application increases callbacks by 60 percent. Women drive the effect. Letters are effective because they provide valuable information about workers’ skills that employers use to select applicants of higher ability. A second experiment, which encourages job seekers to obtain and use a reference letter, finds consistent results. In particular, reference letters raise job interviews and employment for women. (JEL D83, J16, J24, J64, O12)
Optimising Psychoeducation for Transient Ischaemic Attack and Minor Stroke Management (OPTIMISM): Protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kontou Eirini , Walker Marion , Thomas Shirley , Watkins Caroline , Griffiths Holly , Golding-Day Miriam , Richardson Carla , Sprigg Nikola
Published: June 2020

Background: A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke are medical emergencies and often a warning sign of future strokes if remain untreated. Few studies have investigated the long-term psychosocial effects of TIA and minor stroke. Secondary prevention and medical management are often the primary focus with limited access offered for further psychosocial support. Psychoeducational interventions can provide education and advice to people with physical health conditions and, with suitable tailoring, could be appropriate for people after TIA and minor stroke. This study aims to develop a group psychoeducational intervention for people after TIA and minor stroke and to test whether it is acceptable and feasible.

Methods: This mixed-methodology study involves two phases: Phase 1) A qualitative study to determine the content of a suitable intervention; Phase 2) A single-centre feasibility randomised controlled trial to evaluate the acceptability of this intervention. The overall study has ethical approval. Stroke survivors have been involved in designing and monitoring the trial. The aim is to recruit 30-40 participants from a Stroke/TIA Service, within 6 months following their diagnosis. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the usual care control group or the intervention group (psychoeducational programme). The programme will consist of six group sessions based on providing education, psychological and social support. The primary outcomes will relate to the feasibility aims of the study. Outcomes will be collected at 3 and 6 months to assess mood, quality of life, knowledge and satisfaction, and resource use.

Discussion: There is a need to develop and evaluate effective interventions that enhance the education provided to people after TIA and minor stroke and to promote their psychosocial wellbeing. Findings will indicate the acceptability of the intervention and parameters needed to conduct a definitive trial.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02550392; registered on 15 September 2015; status: completed.
Accounting for Future Events: Objects of Accounting
Authors: Eremeeva Ol'ga
Published: June 2020

. The article defines the methodology of accounting for future events. The author's concept is disclosed and the list of objects of accounting observation of future events is given. The components of the methodology are presented: accounting objects, accounting tools. Grouping of objects of accounting observation of future events by objects of accounting, tasks of observation, and accounting tools. Using the methodology, an accountant can have a convenient tool for conducting integrated accounting, accounting for future events.
Participation of an expert psychologist in the interrogation of a witness in the light of Polish criminal law
Authors: Orzechowska Agata , Eichstaedt Krzysztof , Gałecki Piotr
Published: June 2020

W polskiej procedurze karnej świadek jest ważnym źródłem dowodowym. Sąd dokonuje oceny jego wiarygodności poprzez pryzmat dyrektyw zasady swobodnej oceny dowodów (art. 7 k.p.k.). W sytuacji gdy istnieje wątpliwość co do stanu psychicznego świadka, jego stanu rozwoju umysłowego, zdolności postrzegania lub odtwarzania przez niego postrzeżeń, sąd lub prokurator, stosownie do treści art. 192§2 k.p.k., może zarządzić przesłuchanie świadka z udziałem m.in. biegłego psychologa, co może mieć miejsce przykładowo w przypadku świadka z zaburzeniami psychicznymi lub świadka w podeszłym wieku. Opinie sporządzone przez biegłych psychologów są również bardzo pomocne w procesie oceny wiarygodności zeznań świadka szczególnie w związku z przesłuchaniem świadka poniżej 15 lat (art. 185a k.p.k. oraz art. 185b k.p.k.). Psycholog może brać udział także w przesłuchaniu świadka w sprawach o przestępstwa określone w art. 197 – 199 k.k. (art. 185c§3 k.p.k.). Obecność biegłego psychologa na sali sądowej lub w specjalnie do tego wskazanym przez organy procesowe miejscu, uwarunkowana jest ujawnieniem okoliczności uzasadniających podejrzenie istnienia czynników, które zakłócają lub wykluczają zdolność postrzegania, zapamiętywania oraz odtwarzania spostrzeżeń i relacjonowania faktów. Okoliczności, te nie zawsze stanowią rzeczywiste wątpliwości co do stanu psychicznego świadka, a rola biegłego psychologa w zakresie tych zadań, niejednokrotne nie jest w pełni wykorzystywana.
Stephanitis (Stephanitis) rhaphiolepidis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera:
 Tingidae) from Japan: First representative of the genus feeding on the evergreen rosaceous plant

Authors: SOUMA JUN
Published: June 2020

A new species of the lace bug subgenus Stephanitis Stål, 1873 s. str. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) is described under the name of S. (S.) rhaphiolepidis sp. nov. This new species has been found on the leaves of Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. var. liukiuensis (Koidz.) Kitam. (Rosaceae) in the coastal evergreen broad-leaved scrub of Aguni Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and is the first representative of the genus feeding on the evergreen rosaceous plant. The host plant relationship and the deployment order of each of the hemelytral parts in the emergence are discussed for the new species. Stethoconus praefectus (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is recorded as the natural enemy for the new species. Photographs of living individuals for the new species are provided. Key words: lace bug, taxonomy, new species, biology, host plant, natural enemy, emergence
L’epigrafia antiga dels hipogeus de Menorca.
Authors: Obrador Cursach Bartomeu
Published: June 2020

This paper gathers 22 inscriptions (some of them unpublished) dated to Roman period and read on the walls of 11 hypogea from Minorca (Balearic Islands). Although they share a similar context, their contents are diverse: they contain religious texts (the rare Roman god Summanus, as well as some Christian formulae), an epitaph (to Honorius), three graffiti with Vespasianus and some per¬sonal name (Iasidur, Tasidur, Iucuta, Iaso, Iaguren) suggested to have a North-African origin, more concretely Paleo-Amazigh.
Las tumbas de los reyes visigodos: un problema histórico.
Authors: Arce Javier
Published: June 2020

It is a strange fact that we know nothing about the tombs of the Visigothic kings in Hispania during their presence in the Peninsula for more than two centuries. No contemporary chronicler or historian mentions them and there is no archaeological evidence for any pantheon, royal tomb or sarcophagus. An explanation for this could lie in the peculiar nature of the Visigothic monarchy which was nonhereditary and, because of its submission to the iron rule of the Church, was also obliged to practice and publically express its humilitas in its forms of burial. There was no royal pantheon because it was not a monarchy that was tied to the people.
“Aquell poble ingrat i pèrfid”. Antisemitisme en les conferències arqueològiques de Pelegrí Casades.
Authors: Vidal Jordi
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to analyze the anti-Semite ideology of the Catalan archaeologist Pelegrí Casades i Gramatxes, studying his memoirs and the lectures he gave at the Centre Excursionista de Catalunya between 1905 and 1917. The analysis carried out demonstrates the pretension of Casades to find archaeological arguments to legitimize his hate speech against the Jews.
KEYWORDS: ISRAEL, JUDAH, CENTRE EXCURSIONISTA DE CATALUNYA, HATE SPEECH
Improved difference model applied in the Fourier-transform-based integration method based on Taylor theory
Authors: Gong Xuanrui , Sun Zhuang , Lv Yaowen , Jiang Zhaoguo , Xu Xiping
Published: June 2020

The two-dimensional Fourier-transform-based integration algorithm is widely used in shape or wavefront reconstruction from gradients. However, its reconstruction accuracy is limited by the truncation error of the difference model. The truncation error is affected by the distribution of the sampling points. It increases when the sampling points are unevenly distributed and arranged irregularly. For improving, a novel way to calculate the difference is proposed based on Taylor expansion theory of binary functions. The first-order partial derivative terms are used to estimate the second- and third-order partial derivative terms for reducing the truncation error. The proposed difference model is applied to Fourier-transform-based integration. The reconstruction results show that it can get better results when the sampling points are irregularly distributed.
Random laser spectroscopy and replica symmetry breaking phase transitions in a solvent-rich polymer thin film waveguide
Authors: Choubey Priyanka S. , Sarkar Anirban , Varshney Shailendra K. , B. N. Shivakiran Bhaktha
Published: June 2020

We present the statistical analysis of random lasing intensity fluctuations in a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminos-styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film waveguide subjected to a constant heat treatment. The microscopic changes occurring in the density of the polymer thin film during the various stages of solvent evaporation are probed using the changes in the statistics of random laser (RL) emission intensities. In the solvent rich wet film, stronger RL emission intensity fluctuations are observed compared to the dried film, leading to a relatively slower decay of the survival function distribution of the emission intensities for a mode at the gain maxima of the averaged spectrum. The mode interactions in the wet and dried films, studied using covariance between lasing mode intensities, are found to be different. Further, replica symmetry breaking studies indicate the changes in the mode interactions with the microscopic modifications in the system during solvent evaporation at a constant pump energy above the lasing threshold. The statistical analyses of the RL emission intensity fluctuations are proposed as a spectroscopic tool to probe material properties.
Low frequency noise-dark current correlations in HgCdTe infrared photodetectors
Authors: Zhu Liqi , Deng Zhuo , Huang Jian , Guo Huijun , Chen Lu , Lin Chun , Chen Baile
Published: June 2020

In this paper, low frequency noise and dark current correlation is investigated as a function of reverse bias and temperature for short-wave infrared (SWIR), mid-wave infrared (MWIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe homo-junction photodetectors. Modelling of dark current-voltage characteristics shows that the detectors have ohmic-behavior under small reverse bias, thus enabling further analysis of 1/f noise-current dependences with the empirical square-law relation (S
I
 ∼ I2) at different temperature regions. It is found that for the SWIR and MWIR devices, the total 1/f noise spectral density at arbitrary temperatures can be modelled by the sum of shunt and generation-recombination noise as

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, with no contribution from the diffusion component observed. On the other hand, for the LWIR device the diffusion component induced 1/f noise that cannot be overlooked in high temperature regions, and a 1/f noise-current correlation of

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is proposed, with a shared noise coefficient of α
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 ≅ 1 × 10−9 which is close to that calculated for shunt noise. The 1/f noise-current correlation established in this work can provide a powerful tool to study the low frequency noise characteristics in HgCdTe-based photodetectors and to help optimizing the “true” detectivity of devices operating at low frequency regime.
Giant magneto-refractive effect in mid-infrared second-harmonic generation from plasmonic antennas
Authors: Razdolski Ilya , Armelles Gaspar , Cebollada Alfonso , Kirilyuk Andrei
Published: June 2020

Active modulation of nonlinear-optical response from metallic nanostructures can be realized with an external magnetic field. We report a resonant 20% magneto-refractive modulation in second-harmonic generation (SHG) from spintronic multilayer antennas in the mid-infrared. We discuss mechanisms of this modulation and show that it cannot be explained by an unequal enhancement of the electromagnetic field. Instead, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, contribution to the nonlinear susceptibility, which relies on the spin-dependent electron mean free path. In contrast to magneto-optics in ferromagnets, our approach allows simultaneous observation of the enhanced SHG and its large modulation.
Symbiotic quadratic soliton mode-locked non-degenerate optical parametric oscillators
Authors: Nie Mingming , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: June 2020

We analytically and numerically unveil the existence condition of symbiotic solitons in doubly resonant non-degenerate optical parametric oscillators. Resonant signal and idler with terahertz comb bandwidth and femtosecond pulse duration in the mid-infrared are attainable through this symbiotic soliton mode-locking technique. The group velocity mismatches between the three interacting waves are the dominant cause of the symbiotic soliton perturbation, and their effects are numerically investigated in detail. The principle can be applied to commonly used mid-infrared material platforms, making it a competitive ultrashort pulse and broadband comb source architecture.
Las asociaciones de inmigrantes como organizaciones no gubernamentales de desarrollo. Entre la agencia y la adaptación institucional
Authors: Cloquell Lozano Alexis , Lacomba Vázquez Joan
Published: June 2020

De modo progresivo las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España se han convertido en un agente importante de la cooperación para el desarrollo. En este sentido, el entorno político, favorecido por la incorporación del codesarrollo en las políticas públicas a partir del año 2002, propició la creación de una estructura y una nueva ventana de oportunidad para las asociaciones de inmigrantes. Como resultado, en muchas de ellas se generaron procesos de adaptación o incluso hibridación organizativa hacia la reconversión como ONGD. Es por ello que, a raíz de los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre el estado de las entidades del campo de la cooperación para el desarrollo en España, debatimos y analizamos en este artículo, si dichos procesos hacen referencia a la capacidad de agencia por parte de las asociaciones de inmigrantes o, por lo contrario, se enmarcan en una simple adaptación institucional ante la nueva estructura de oportunidad política.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULTUR JAMUR ENDOFIT Fusarium sp. CSP-4 YANG DIISOLASI DARI Curcuma sumatrana Miq.
Authors: Wulansari Dewi , Qodrie Ersaliany Nurul Pratiwi , Dharma Bodhi , Kamal Andi Saptaji , Hafid Lukman , Marlina Lina , Praptiwi Praptiwi
Published: June 2020

Endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. CSP-4 was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma sumatrana Miq. The ethyl acetate extract of CSP-4 was fractionated by chromatographic column with silica as a stationary phase. The fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against S.aureus and E.coli by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)- bioautography. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was carried out by the microdilution method on a 96-microwell plate with the concentrations from 2 to 256 µg/ml. The results showed that fraction 15 and 11 were able to inhibit bacterial growth with the MIC values of 256 and> 256 μg / mL against S.aureus and>256 μg / mL against E.coli, respectively.The antibacterial activity of fractions 15 and 11 was weaker compared to the positive control of chloramphenicol with the MIC value of 4 µg/mL against S.aureus and E.coli. Based on the results obtained showed that the fractions of the methanol extract of endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. CSP-4 have weak antibacterial activity.
EVALUASI PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HETEROSIS PERSILANGAN ANTARA IKAN NILA NIRWANA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) BETINA DENGAN IKAN NILA BIRU (OREOCHROMIS AUREUS) JANTAN F2 PADA KONDISI TAMBAK HIPERSALINITAS
Authors: Robisalmi Adam , Gunadi Bambang , Setyawan Priadi
Published: June 2020

Srikandi Tilapia is one of the superior hybridized varieties between black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). This fish has fast growth and high salinity tolerance. In its development, efforts are needed to improve and improve its genetic quality. Spawning srikandi tilapia using the parent of male blue tilapia F2 (family selection) is expected to improve performance better than the previous generation.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and heterosis value of Srikandi tilapia produced from the extraction of female Nirwana strain tilapia with male blue tilapia F2. Hatchery activities were carried out in freshwater by mass spawning method on the 25 m2 pool. Enlargement activities were carried out at brackish water pond with salinity 25–40 g / L, using net measuring 3×5×1 m3 for 120 days. The stocking density used is 15 fishes / m2. The results of this study indicate that at the final test, the hybridization of Nw ♀x Au (F2)♂ has the best performance with the average of long gain16.60 ± 0.41cm, weight gain 215.33 ± 12.19 g and survival rate 78.50 ± 02.12. Evaluation of heterosis values on the characters of length, weight, survival, and biomass showed a positive value both on the hybridization of Nw ♀x Au (F2)♂ and Au (F2)♀x NW♂. The highest high parent heterosis value for blue tilapia broodstock is shown by population Nw ♀x Au (F2)♂ with values in each character of 6.96% (length), 26.06% (weight), 2.63% (survival), 28.57% (biomass).
Caracterização da produção e qualidade do leite em propriedades de agricultura familiar na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Silva Bárbara Ponzilacqua , Krummenauer Amanda , Schuch Luiz Filipe Damé , Zani João Luiz
Published: June 2020

A cadeia leiteira possui grande importância socioeconômica no cenário agrícola nacional. Agricultores familiares possuem expressiva importância neste contexto, representando 60% desta produção. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o perfil das Unidades de Produção de Leite (UPLs) de agricultura familiar na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, foram aplicados questionários a 54 agricultores familiares de uma cooperativa do município de Canguçu, e analisadas amostras de leite dos tanques resfriadores, traçando perfis de produção, dos proprietários, parâmetros de qualidade do leite, higiene do processo, condições e tipo de ordenha. Os resultados foram comparados com os padrões estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa nº 76 de 2018. Os produtores possuem baixa escolaridade, entretanto, 70,4% recebem algum tipo de assistência técnica. A área média das propriedades é de 18,4 hectares. A maioria das UPLs estudadas possuem outras atividades agrícolas como uma forma de incrementar a renda das famílias. A produção possui baixa tecnificação, pois a ordenha manual é realizada em 59,2% das UPLs analisadas. Em 50% das UPLs (27), os padrões de Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) acima do permitido pela legislação refletiram falhas de manejo e de boas práticas de ordenha, pois não são práticas comuns pré e pós dipping, secagem com papel toalha e identificação de mastites clínicas ou subclínicas. As análises de Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e das médias dos constituintes do leite como gordura, lactose, proteínas e teor de sólidos se mantiveram dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação.
Holy Time and Popular Invented Rituals in Islam: Structures and Symbolism
Authors: Mansouri Mabrouk Chibani
Published: June 2020

This paper tackles three popular invented rituals in the early centuries of Islam performed in the seventh and eighth months of the Islamic calendar; Rajab and Shacbān, namely the sacrifices of faraca and catīra, fasting and prayers. In the light of sociocultural and psycho-cultural perspectives, the paper discusses the cultural and spiritual perceptions of time and space in Islam, and the reasons that make specific settings fertile soils suitable for inventing new rituals. Then, it analyses the structures and symbolism of these rituals as a means of dialogical relationship with the self, the other, and the group. The paper also sheds light on the piety folk developed by Sufism as a response to spiritual void and psychological needs that lead Muslims to invent new forms of worship. The paper will, then, analyze the scholarly debate over the legitimacy of these invented rituals and the festivities associated with them, and tackle the interpretative strategies to approve them in a long dialectical process with ‘puritan’ Muslims. In the end, it discusses the relationship of invented rituals to the embedded structure of power and it sheds light on the reasons behind the escalation of practicing these invented rituals in recent decades in the Arab Islamic world.[Tulisan ini mengkaji tiga ritus ibadah di awal abad perkembangan Islam yaitu perayaan bulan Rajab dan Sha’ban, puasa dan shalat. Dengan pendekatan sosial budaya dan psikologi budaya, tulisan ini membahas persepsi budaya dan spiritual mengenai waktu dan ruang dalam Islam, serta menjelaskan setting khusus yang membuat reka cipta ritual baru. Disamping itu tulisan ini juga membahas struktur dan simbol ritual teresebut sebagai  perangkat dialog dengan diri sendiri, pihak lain dan kelompok. Tulisan ini juga membahas pengembangan bentuk kesalehan kaum sufi sebagai respon kebutuhan psikologis dan pemenuhan spiritual yang menuntun umat muslim  mereka cipta bentuk persembahan baru. Termasuk perdebatan para ulama  mengenai legitimasi perayaan tersebut dan proses dialog dengan kelompok puritan. Di bagian akhir akan dijelaskan hubungan ritual tersebut dengan struktur kekuasaan yang melekat dan menguatnya praktik tersebut beberapa dekade terakhir terutama di dunia muslim Arab.]
A Genealogycal Study of Islamic Education Science at the Faculty of Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Kalijaga
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: June 2020

This study traces the genealogy of Islamic education at the Faculty of Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan (FITK) Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta. The genealogycal approach used in Foucault’s terminology  means that the objectivity of science covers two aspects, namely the archeology of knowledge and power. Data is comprised of ideas and opinions that develop among lecturers at FITK. Data is analyized interpretatively, descriptively, and comparatively. Findings show that in the early period of its formation (1951), Islamic education science at FITK was influenced by religious teachings brought from the Middle East. But since the secularization of Islamic education in Turkey led by Fethullah Gülen (1990), the mecca of Islamic education has split into two poles; on the one side, it follows dogmatic religious teachings stemming from Middle East traditions, and on the other side, it needs to respond to the Western secular tradition. Since 2007 the dynamics of FITK has moved toward a dialectics of integrative Islamic education.[Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melacak akar genealogi integrasi keilmuan pendidikan Islam di Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan (FITK) Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga. Pendekatan genealogi dalam terminologi Foucault dimaksudkan bahwa obyektivitas ilmu mencakup dua unsur, yakni arkeologi pengetahuan dan kekuasaan. Data-data berupa ide dan gagasan yang lahir dan berkembang dari para dosen FITK dianalisis secara interpretatif, deskriptif dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada awal berdirinya (1951), embrio keilmuan pendidikan Islam di FITK dikuasai ilmu-ilmu agama dari Timur Tengah. Tetapi, sejak terjadi sekularisasi pendidikan Islam di Turki yang dipimpin Fethullah Gülen (1990), kiblat keilmuan pendidikan Islam terpecah dan dikotomi; di satu sisi harus tunduk pada kebenaran ilmu-ilmu agama dari Timur Tengah tetapi di sisi lain harus merespon ilmu pendidikan sekuler dari Barat. Dalam perkembangan mutakhir, tepatnya sejak 2007 dinamika keilmuan FITK bergerak menuju dialektika keilmuan pendidikan Islam yang integratif]Keywords: IntegratedIslamic Education, scientific genealogy, the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching.
MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DALAM KEBERAGAMAN
Authors: Umam Khotibul
Published: June 2020

Indonesia is a very diverse country. Diversity is reflected in many ways, ranging from ethnicity, religion, race, and culture. Indonesia's diversity starts with the diversity of individuals in the family, a diversity that cannot be denied. With diversity will make it rich for a nation, especially Indonesia, but there will likely be conflicts within the community due to the diversity that exists. Social security becomes important for a family to be able to stay and be able to solve the problems faced. The family sphere is very important as the spearhead in building social resilience in diversity. The family must be able to maintain and create social harmony, social empathy, and imbalance and non-conducive family members. Through it, social security can be realized well.Keywords: social resilience, family function, diversity
The influence of academic level and course delivery mode on the use of motivational regulation strategies and learning engagement
Authors: Yun Heoncheol , Park Sanghoon , Kim Dongho , Jung Eulho , Yoon Meehyun
Published: June 2020

Motivational regulation strategies have been used as active forms of promoting motivation in online and classroom learning. Based on the motivational regulation model combining both contextual and individual factors, this study examined how students’ academic levels (undergraduate vs. graduate) and the type of course delivery mode (online vs. traditional face-to-face) influence their uses of eight motivational regulation strategies and three types of engagement. A total of 190 students consisting of 95 undergraduate students and 95 graduate students participated in this study. The results of two-way multivariate analysis of variance show that students use different sets of motivational regulation strategies depending upon their academic levels and course delivery modes. Also, graduate students showed significantly higher engagement in all three types than undergraduate students did. The findings provide practical implications for designing a customised motivational support system with specific sets of motivational regulation strategies for students in different academic levels and course delivery modes.
Exploring the influence of technological support, cultural constructs, and social networks on online cross-cultural learning
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Huang Yueh-Min
Published: June 2020

In this study, we carried out an online cross-cultural learning activity supported by speech-enabled language translation technology on a social network service with representatives from 13 nationalities. The participants were assigned into two groups: Group I discussed the traditions and related culture of interest whereas Group II discussed traditions, culture, and any other topics of interest. We tested the effectiveness of the learning activity supported by speech-enabled language translation technology on cross-cultural learning; analysed the social network; measured the cultural constructs, and investigated the relationship between the cultural constructs and cross-cultural learning. The results revealed that Group I outperformed Group II in terms of both procedural and declarative knowledge. The results showed that Group II had better social network characteristics; for example, Group I had fewer edges and a lower average network degree than Group II. In terms of cultural constructs, the results related to power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance were contradictory to those of earlier research. Finally, we found no relationship between the cultural constructs and cross-cultural learning. In this paper, we discuss implications for and suggestions to the field of technology-supported cross-cultural learning based on the results.
Through the looking glass of student perception: How foreign language students see teacher trait emotional intelligence and why it matters
Authors: Moskowitz Sharona , Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to examine how students perceive teacher trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and how those perceptions relate to students’ own self-reported attitudes and motivation. Adult students of ESL/EFL were given an online questionnaire consisting of two parts: one to provide observer-reported data on their teacher’s trait emotional intelligence and the second to measure students’ own attitudes and motivation. In total, 129 participants of 28 nationalities took part. The results showed that the perceived teacher TEI domains of teacher sociability and teacher self-control were significant predictors of student positive feelings and attitudes towards the teacher. With this paper, we make the case that observer reports of teacher TEI by students could be a valuable tool in L2 instruction by offering teachers unique insight into their own classroom behavior, thereby increasing teacher self-awareness which could lead to improved classroom practices.
Beliefs and experiences in the English classroom: Perspectives of Swedish primary school learners
Authors: Nilsson Maria
Published: June 2020

This study investigates how Swedish learners make sense of and perceive English instruction and the process of foreign language learning in a target language-only primary school classroom. In small group discussions, 26 learners aged 9-10 were audio recorded while discussing questions related to their language learner beliefs and their classroom experiences. Learners expressed a strong consensus about the importance of both the teacher’s extensive target language input and the learners’ oral engagement, in alignment with the beliefs of the teacher. However, the analysis identified three mismatches among high anxiety learners in this context, related to incomprehensible teacher talk, social fear of making mistakes and classroom organization. As their voiced beliefs were at odds with their emotionally guided behavior of refraining from asking questions or volunteering to speak, their sense of agency was reduced. In this context, the target language-only approach appeared to have a negative impact on the emotional, organizational and instructional dimensions of foreign language instruction for many of the young learners. The findings illustrate the interrelated dynamics of beliefs, emotions and classroom context, and contribute to our understanding of learners’ foreign language anxiety and sense of agency in the primary foreign language classroom.
A comparison of the impact of extensive and intensive reading approaches on the reading attitudes of secondary EFL learners
Authors: Park A Young
Published: June 2020

Extensive reading (ER) which encourages second or foreign (L2) learners to engage in a great deal of reading, has long been recognized as an efficient approach in L2 reading pedagogy. While many attempts have been made to understand the effect of ER on the cognitive domains of L2 learners, there has been insufficient investigation into how ER influences their affective domains. Particularly, reading attitudes, one of the key elements of affective factors involved in L2 reading, have received little attention. This classroom-based intervention study investigated the impact of ER on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ attitudes toward English reading compared to the influence of the traditional intensive reading (IR) approach. In addition, this study explored whether the impact of the ER approach on EFL learners’ reading attitudes is different depending on L2 proficiency. The study included two intact classes of EFL secondary learners (N = 72) who received either ER or IR instructional treatments for a 12-week period. For the results, ANCOVA showed that the ER approach fostered positive reading attitudes significantly more than the IR approach. In addition, the analysis indicated that the participants’ proficiency levels did not have a significant effect upon changes in their reading attitudes. That is, regardless of proficiency level, the ER approach demonstrated a significantly positive effect on participants’ reading attitudes in comparison with the IR approach.
Extreme modelling in practice
Authors: Davis A. Jesse Jiryu , Hirschhorn Max , Schvimer Judah
Published: June 2020

Formal modelling is a powerful tool for developing complex systems. At MongoDB, we use TLA
+
to model and verify multiple aspects of several systems. Ensuring conformance between a specification and its implementation can add value to any specification; it can avoid transcription errors, prevent bugs as a large organization rapidly develops the specified code, and even keep multiple implementations of the same specification in sync. In this paper, we explore model-based testing as a tool for ensuring specification-implementation conformance. We attempted two case studies: model-based trace-checking (MBTC) in the MongoDB Server's replication protocol and model-based test-case generation (MBTCG) in MongoDB Realm Sync's operational transformation algorithm. We found MBTC to be impractical for testing that the Server conformed to a highly abstract specification. MBTCG was highly successful for Realm Sync, however. We analyze why one technique succeeded and the other failed, and advise future implementers making similar attempts at model-based testing.
FireLedger
Authors: Buchnik Yehonatan , Friedman Roy
Published: June 2020

Blockchains are distributed secure ledgers to which transactions are issued continuously and each block of transactions is tightly coupled to its predecessors. Permissioned blockchains place special emphasis on transactions throughput. In this paper we present FireLedger, which leverages the iterative nature of blockchains in order to improve their throughput in optimistic execution scenarios. FireLedger trades latency for throughput in the sense that in FireLedger the last
f
+ 1 blocks of each node's blockchain are considered tentative, i.e., they may be rescinded in case one of the last
f
+ 1 blocks proposers was Byzantine. Yet, when optimistic assumptions are met, a new block is decided in each communication step, which consists of a proposer that sends only its proposal and all other participants are sending a single bit each. In our performance study FireLedger obtained 20% -- 600% better throughput than state of the art protocols like HotStuff and BFT-SMaRt, depending on the configuration.
Understanding the effect of data center resource disaggregation on production DBMSs
Authors: Zhang Qizhen , Cai Yifan , Chen Xinyi , Angel Sebastian , Chen Ang , Liu Vincent , Loo Boon Thau
Published: June 2020

Resource disaggregation is a new architecture for data centers in which resources like memory and storage are decoupled from the CPU, managed independently, and connected through a high-speed network. Recent work has shown that although disaggregated data centers (DDCs) provide operational benefits, applications running on DDCs experience degraded performance due to extra network latency between the CPU and their working sets in main memory. DBMSs are an interesting case study for DDCs for two main reasons: (1) DBMSs normally process data-intensive workloads and require data movement between different resource components; and (2) disaggregation drastically changes the assumption that DBMSs can rely on their own internal resource management.

We take the first step to thoroughly evaluate the query execution performance of production DBMSs in disaggregated data centers. We evaluate two popular open-source DBMSs (MonetDB and PostgreSQL) and test their performance with the TPC-H benchmark in a recently released operating system for resource disaggregation. We evaluate these DBMSs with various configurations and compare their performance with that of single-machine Linux with the same hardware resources. Our results confirm that significant performance degradation does occur, but, perhaps surprisingly, we also find settings in which the degradation is minor or where DDCs actually improve performance.
Seasonal gaseous elemental mercury fluxes at a terrestrial background site in south-eastern Australia
Authors: MacSween Katrina , Edwards Grant C. , Beggs Paul J.
Published: June 2020

Terrestrial air-surface exchange of mercury (Hg) forms an important component of the global Hg cycle, with drivers varying across spatial and temporal scales. These drivers include substrate properties, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorological factors. Vegetation uptake represents the dominant pathway of atmospheric Hg deposition to terrestrial surfaces. This study investigated the drivers of net ecosystem exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) across multiple seasons in order to gain an understanding of the influence of vegetation and other environmental parameters on the Hg0 air-surface exchange. Measurements were made continuously using a micrometeorological aerodynamic flux gradient method at a low-vegetated background site in south-eastern Australia, over 14 months. Mean Hg fluxes and atmospheric concentrations across the entire study period were 0.002 ng m–2 h–1 (SD ± 14.23 ng m2 h–1) and 0.68 ng m–3 (SD ± 0.22 ng m–3), respectively. Variability was observed across seasons, with the highest average rate of emissions occurring in austral summer (December, January, February) (0.69 ng m–2 h–1) and the highest rate of deposition observed in autumn (March, April, May) (–0.50 ng m–2 h–1). Vegetation uptake dominated Hg flux during the winter and spring when meteorological conditions were cold and light levels were low. This is supported by CO2 flux data, with a daytime winter mean of 0.80 µmol m–2 h–1 and a spring daytime mean of 1.54 µmol m–2 h–1. Summer Hg fluxes were dominantly emission due to higher solar radiation and temperature. Climatic conditions at Oakdale allowed plant production to occur year-round, however the hot dry conditions observed in the warmer months increased evasion, allowing this site to be a small net source of Hg0 to the atmosphere.
Racing through the Dutch Governmental Data Assemblage: A Postcolonial Data Studies Approach
Authors: van Schie Gerwin , Smit Alex , López Coombs Nicolás
Published: June 2020

This article is part of the Global Perspectives, Media and Communication special issue on “Media, Migration, and Nationalism,” guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata. In line with the focus of this issue, we are interested in the ways in which open data is progressively used to construct indicators of the state’s performance in the form of race-ethnic categories. These data initiatives are typical for the ongoing quantification and datafication of society. Through APIs (application programming interfaces), both governmental bodies and third parties are given direct access to data, as well as the ways in which these data are structured. This infrastructure affords the appropriation of statistics concerning the national origins of Dutch citizens for new purposes. Through this data, race-ethnic categories are repurposed to measure the living conditions in the Netherlands, effectively keeping people with non-Dutch roots in the migrant category for up to three generations. To show how this process unfolds in the Netherlands, we investigate two web applications, the Allochtonenmeter and the Leefbaarometer, that make use of race-ethnically constructed data. We will argue that for a more complete understanding of the processes at play in the Dutch “data assemblage,” we need to enrich critical data studies with a postcolonial perspective. In this article, we consider race to be a verb rather than a noun, signifying a process or an action, as this takes away the necessity to communicate a nonessentialist perspective on what is raced, since the object of racing can be different in each new location, situation, and technical context. Our focus is therefore on how human characteristics such as nationality, ethnicity, or class are raced through data-driven processes and in relation to a particular history and culture in the Dutch context. In this light, we find that datafied systems do not merely report on particular groups in society but rather actively produce hierarchical distinctions between these groups.