bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on experimental oral candidiasis in monkeys
Authors: BUDTZ‐JöRGENSEN EJVIND
Published: October 2007

abstract–Thirteen adult monkeys (Macaca irus) were infected with Candida albicans by inoculating the microorganisms under an acrylic plate covering the palatal mucosa. Six of the monkeys were treated with the steroid triamcinolone acetonide intramuscularly for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after inoculation. The palatal mucosa was studied clinically and histologically at weekly or biweekly intervals for up to 5 months after inoculation. The cellular immune response was studied using the direct leukocyte migration test. In the group of seven non‐steroid‐treated monkeys an acute atrophic candidiasis developed that healed spontaneously in 2—3 weeks. No tissue invasion by Candida was seen in tissue sections, but the inflammation was pronounced. Migration inhibition was significant up to 5 months after infection. In the group of six steroid‐treated monkeys anacute pseudomembranous candidiasiswas induced that showed retarded healing, tissue invasion by Candida, and enhanced yeast proliferation. Inflammation was only slight and the peripheral blood leukocytes were not inhibited in their migration by Candida antigen. The study has shown that systemic treatment with the steroid, triamcinolone acetonide, potentiate oral Candida infections, probably by suppressing both non‐specific inflammatory responses and cellular immunity.
Elution of cadmium from dentures
Authors: ROSSOW BERIT , KOPPANG ROLF
Published: October 2007

abstract – Heat‐cured, pink‐pigmented (light veined) Stellon(r) maxillary acrylic denture blanks were shaken in 150 ml synthetic saliva or 0.1N CH3COOH for 1 to 12 weeks. The amount of cadmium eluted with synthetic saliva varied from 0.15 to 1.05 μg independently of elution time. With 0.1N CH3COOH the amount of cadmium, varying from 1.20 to 2.55 μg, increased slowly with elution time. Another batch of Stellon gave higher values in 0.1N CH3COOH.
Periodontal health following fibrotomy of the supra‐alveolar fibers
Authors: HANSSON CHRISTINA , LINDER‐ARONSON STEN
Published: October 2007

abstract— A clinical follow‐up study has been carried out in order to study the periodontal health of orthodontically derotated teeth where the supra‐alveolar fibers have been severed by an incision through the bottom of the marginal pocket to the border of the alveolar bone in order to reduce the tendency towards a posttreatment relapse. The material consisted of 30 rotated teeth treated orthodontically in 27 patients between the ages of 9 and 22 years. Following an average retention period of 8.3 months, the supra‐alveolar fibers were severed down to the alveolar bone border. The control material consisted of untreated, banded con‐tralateral teeth in the same jaw. The patients were examined for plaque, gingival health and depth of the marginal pockets. No significant difference in periodontal health could be found on comparison between, on the one hand, teeth treated with fibrotomy and, on the other hand, untreated teeth.
Deformation of cavities and resin fillings in loaded teeth
Authors: JÖRGENSEN K. D. , MATONO R. , SHIMOKOBE H.
Published: October 2007

abstract— The purpose of the present work was to study (1) the deformation of selected types of cavities in axially loaded human teeth and (2) the possible effect of this deformation on the restorative quality of fillings in the cavities. Recently extracted wet teeth without any visible structural defects were used throughout the study. Standard Class III and large Class III cavities were prepared in maxillary incisors, while Class I, m‐o, m‐o‐d, and Class V cavities were made in maxillary first premolars. For the second part of the study several of the cavities, etched or non‐etched, were filled with restorative resins. Mounted in a measuring microscope the teeth were loaded in a way simulating biting or chewing; cavities with fillings were accepted only when no marginal gaps could be found. The results showed a deformation of empty cavities proportional to the load up to 16 kg, the decrease or increase in diameter being 0.1–1.0 öm/kg, depending on the type of cavity. Loading and unloading of teeth with filled cavities resulted in permanent or transitory gaps. The dimensional instability of cavities in loaded teeth indicates a severe risk of percolation by several restoratives and of marginal fracture of brittle fillings.
Effect of a fluoride‐containing chlorhexidine gel on bacteria in human plaque
Authors: EMILSON C. G. , KRASSE B. , WESTERGREN GUDRUN
Published: October 2007

abstract— The effect on the plaque flora of a fluoride‐containing chlorhexidine gel in mouthpieces was studied in seven subjects. Use of the gel during a 3‐month period resulted in a change in the pattern of sensitivity to chlorhexidine in the plaque flora as displayed by determination of the minimal inhibitory amount (MIA) of the drug in agar diffusion assays. Three months after the use of gel was discontinued, the MIA value for plaque bacteria had returned to its original level. The relative proportions of S. mutans and S. sanguis in plaque changed during the chlorhexidine period. Thus S. mutans could not be detected in plaque samples after 3‐month use of the gel, and the frequency of S. sanguis was altered.
Autoradiography of 99Mo in developing rat teeth and bone
Authors: BAWDEN JAMES W. , HAMMARSTRÖM LARS E.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Four littermate, 8‐day‐old rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 99Mo and sacrificed at 1,4, 24, and 96 h. Autoradiography of whole‐body freeze‐dried sections was carried out to study distribution of the tracer, particularly in bones and teeth. The tracer was rapidly cleared from the soft tissues except for the kidney and urinary bladder. Uptake in growing bone was moderate and relatively transient. The dentin showed moderate uptake, but enamel in the final mineralization phase showed the most intense concentrations of 99Mo of all mineralized tissue. The tracer did not appear in the pulp, enamel organ, or early enamel matrix.
A new method of recording the elastic recovery of dental impression materials
Authors: JÖRGENSEN KNUD DREYER
Published: October 2007

abstract— Assessments of the elastic recovery of elastic impression materials have so far been carried out only to a limited degree because of lack of adequate measuring instruments. A method is described which enables measurement and recording electronically of the creep properties, including the elastic recovery time and the permanent deformation, of elastic impression materials in relation to their degree of setting and to the size and time of the induced deformation. The apparatus and the experimental and mathematical methods described can easily be handled by a reasonably skillful laboratory assistant.
Fluoride in an experimental cavity varnish
Authors: BIRKELAND J. M. , TRONSTAD L.
Published: October 2007

abstract – The aim of the present study was to assess the behavior of fluoride in an experimental cavity varnish. The varnish consisted mainly of ethanol and the fluoride was added as a 1 M solution of sodium fluoride. When increasing amounts of ethanol were added to fluoride in water the readings (mV) given by a fluoride ion electrode unexpectedly increased. This effect of ethanol on the readings was less marked at the highest fluoride concentrations. At considerable excess of ethanol, as in the varnish, reproducible readings were obtained. Free fluoride ions corresponding to an effective concentration of 1 M aqueous fluoride seemed to be present in the varnish. When various amounts of hydroxyapatite were added to the varnish, the fluoride content of the varnish was reduced whereas an increased amount of fluoride was recovered from the apatite.
The effect of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on healing after gingivectomy
Authors: LANGEB/EK JÖRGEN , BAY LENA
Published: October 2007

abstract – The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse following gingivectomy on plaque under the dressing and on healing. Twenty‐eight patients with indications for gingivectomy were selected. Coe‐Pak® was used as surgical dressing. In addition to usual home care, the patients rinsed twice daily with chlorhexidine or placebo for 21 d after surgery. The study followed a cross‐over, double‐blind design. Gingival exudate was assessed and P1 I and G I were registered at 7, 14, and 21 d postsurgically. The study indicated that chlorhexidine did not influence the amount of plaque under the dressing, and it was uncertain whether chlorhexidine had any effect on the healing process when the surgical area was covered by Coe‐Pak. However, (1) after the surgical dressing was removed, the chlorhexidine maintained plaque scores at the same low level as under the dressing, (2) healing was promoted when chlorhexidine was used, and (3) the presence of a dressing in one side of the mouth did not prevent the patient from maintaining good oral hygiene.
In vivo uptake of fluoride by surface enamel of cleaned and plaque‐covered teeth
Authors: BRUUN CARSTEN , STOLTZE KAJ
Published: October 2007

abstract – Utilizing a newly developed biopsy method, the F uptake in the outer 3 μm of enamel from a single topical application of neutral NaF or amine F solution was tested on cleaned and plaque‐covered premolars in 12‐ to 14‐year‐old children. Cleaned teeth treated with neutral NaF acquired only insignificant amounts of F. The presence of plaque seemed to enhance the deposition of F in surface enamel. The findings were discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action of topically applied fluorides. Topical treatments with amine F increased surface enamel F considerably more than the NaF. The F uptake was similar in cleaned and plaque‐covered teeth. It was suggested that the usually performed plaque‐removing procedures prior to topical F applications are superfluous and may even be disadvantageous.
Effect of fluoride on protein and collagen biosynthesis in rabbit dental pulp in vitro
Authors: HELGELAND KRISTEN
Published: October 2007

abstract – The time course for incorporation of 14C‐proline into various fractions of rabbit dental pulp in vitro has been measured. In the TCA‐soluble precursor pool a steady state level of activity was indicated upon incubation after 3 h, whereas incorporation into protien and 14C‐hydroxyproling, i.e. collagen formation, increased lineraly for 9 h, leaving off upon further incubation. A lag period of about 3 h was indicated for the appearance of high molecular weight 14C‐activity, including 14C‐hydroxyproline, in the medium, increasing linearly from 3 h to the end of the incubaition period (22 H). in this system, fluoride exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect. at 5.3 mM fluoride the uptake of 14C‐proline into the TCA‐soluble pool was inhibited by about 50%, and the incorporation into protein and the subsequent conversion to hydroxyproline by about 90 and 60%, respectively. Release of collogen, i.e. 14C‐hydrozyproline‐contaning material, seemed to be the process most sensitive to fluoride; it was inhibited by about 50% at the lowest concertration (1.3 mM) tested.
Facial pain in negative and positive work of human jaw muscles
Authors: GHRISTENSEN L. VESTERGAARD
Published: October 2007

abstract – Ten healthy human male subjects with a mean age of 21 years performed negative and negative/positive work with the jaw muscles for about 21 min. The average amount of negative work was 13.3 kgm, while that of negative/positive work was 48.5 kgm. Eight subjects developed either spontaneous or provoked facial pain subsequent to the exercise. No positive correlations were demonstrated between the total number of facial pain sites and the amounts of work and power of the muscles, nor between the number of pain sites and the speed of mandibular movement. It is suggested that the appearance of facial pain was associated with the pre‐experimental strength and conditioning of the jaw muscles.
The effect of vincristine on dentinogenesis in the rat incisor
Authors: STENE TORBJÖRN , KOPPANG HANNA STRÖMME
Published: October 2007

abstract – A preliminary report on the histomorphologic effects of vincristine on rat incisor dentinogenesis is presented. Niche‐like areas of osteodentin and a faint incremental line in the dentin were the main derangements observed after single injections of the drug. The severity of the lesions was dose‐dependent.
Fluoride release from a fluoride‐containing amalgam and two luting cements
Authors: FORSTEN LENNART
Published: October 2007

abstract – The release of fluoride from an amalgam and two luting cements, silicophosphate and polycarboxylate, was studied by shaking test specimens in a solution with hydroxyapatite, and measuring the fluoride taken up by the apatite. The initial release was significant for all three materials. After 1 week the amalgam released only minor amounts of fluoride, whereas the cements continued to liberate fluoride during the 5‐week observation time to the same extent as silicates in earlier studies.
Permeability and fluoride release of lining materials containing amine fluorides
Authors: NORDBÖ HÅKON , ERIKSEN HARALD M.
Published: October 2007

abstract – The addition of amine fluorides to a copal resin (Copalite®) and a chlorine caoutchouc varnish (Pergut S‐40®) has been studied. The permeability of Copalite films was only slightly increased whereas the excellent film‐forming qualities of Pergut S‐40 were destroyed by the addition of fluorides. A high fluoride release was found initially from test films of the materials but within 2–3 weeks a decrease to very low fluoride levels was observed.
SIMS study of element concentration profiles in enamel and dentin
Authors: FROSTELL G. , LARSSON S. J. , LODDING A. , ODELIUS H. , PETERSSON L. G.
Published: October 2007

abstract – The ion probe technique has been employed for the determination of the concentrations of P, F, Cl, C, Na, K, Mg, Sr, Al, and Si at different depths in human tooth. The applicability of the method depends selectively on the element's position in the periodic table, but may be regarded as good for a wide range of microelements of dental interest.
Early supply of fluoride and enamel fluorosis
Authors: FORSMAN BRITTA
Published: October 2007

abstract – A study of enamel fluorosis in 1,094 children was carried out in areas with a water fluoride content of from <0.2 mg/1 with and without supplementary fluoride, to 2.75 mg/l. The fluorosis was correlated with different infant diets and also with the calculated supply per kilo body weight. As in cattle, 0.1 mg F/kg body weight daily appears to cause fluorosis. This dose may for example be reached with water‐diluted gruel powder in low‐weight infants with high consumption in low F areas, in normal weight infants in 0.8 areas, and also in high‐weight infants in 1.2–1.5 areas. The resultant fluorosis is very mild or mild and not disfiguring. Enamel fluorosis can be avoided or minimized in areas with up to at least 1.2 mgF/1 water if F‐supply, e.g. water‐diluted gruel and/or supplementary fluoride, is not commenced until 6 months of age when body weight is higher. With a water fluoride content of 2.75 mg F/l a very mild fluorosis is difficult to avoid also with normal water consumption during the 1st year of life.
Fortnightly fluoride rinsing combined with topical painting of fluoride solutions containing Al‐, Fe‐, and Mn‐ions
Authors: TORELL PER , GERDIN PER‐OLOF
Published: October 2007

abstract – The possibility of achieving a caries‐reducing effect by a combination of Fortnightly mouthrinsings with 0.2% NaF‐solutions and topical painting with solutions containing Al‐, Fe‐, and Mn‐ions was examined in a 4‐year clinical study. In addition to the fluoride rinses one of two randomized groups was given three paintings per year with a 0.2 % NaF‐solution. The other group was painted three times per year with a potassium fluoride solution containing Al‐, Fe‐, and Mn‐ions. This group developed significantly less caries during the study than the NaF‐group. The results indicate that certain metal ions enhance the caries‐prophylactic action of the fluoride ions.
Assessment of dental restorative status
Authors: HAUGEN ELLEN , MJÖR IVAR A.
Published: October 2007

abstract – Class I and Class II restorations on selected teeth of children aged 7–13 years were recorded in order to find which types of restorations were suitable for clinical evaluation of amalgam restorations with regard to frequency and anticipated observation period. Restorations suited for amalgam evaluation were found to be MO type restoration on all first molars and occlusal, palatal, and occlusal/palatal restorations on maxillary first molars and buccal pit restorations on mandibular first molars. For the age group 7–11 years, the MO type restoration in the first molars will reflect the caries situation; the DO type restoration on maxillary first molars will serve this purposes for an age group approximately 2–4 years older. Thus selected recording of restorations must be considered age dependent in order to give a representative reflection of the caries experience. The most striking difference between the groups with high and low restoration frequency was a 2‐year delay in the group with low frequency as compared with the group with high restoration frequency.
Effect of bacterial products on inflammatory reactions in the dental pulp
Authors: BERGEMHOLTZ GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

abstract – Culture filtrates (extracellular components) and material obtained from disintegrated cells (intracellular components) of cultured plaque bacteria were studied for their capacity to induce inflammatory reactions in the dental pulp. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 94 teeth: 42 test and 52 control teeth in six adult monkeys. Lyophillzed bacterial components were sealed into the test cavities either alone or following an 8‐h topical application of a solution of the same components in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Culture medium and PBS were applied in two sets of control cavities. A third set was restored with zinc oxide‐eugenol cement. The animals were killed 32 h after the initiation of the experiment and the pulps were examined histologically. Teeth treated with extra‐ and intracellular components from bacteria elicited marked infiltration of neutrophil leukocytes in the area of the pulp subjacent to the cut dentin tubules. Abscess formation was frequently found. The severe reactions which developed were independent of differences between individual animals and differences in thickness of the remaining dentin. The controls showed damage to the odontoblasts but little or no neutrophil infiltration. The findings confirm that products of bacteria applied to exposed dentin initiate inflammatory reactions in the dental pulp.
Identification and quantitation of carbohydrates in fluid from non‐keratinizing jaw cysts
Authors: SKAUG N. , HOFSTAD T.
Published: October 2007

abstract – Glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and fucose were detected by paper or thin‐layer chromatography, and N‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) was identified by absorption spectroscopy in acid hydrolysates of pooled cyst fluid. Quantitation of these monosaccharides in 37 frozen‐stored cyst fluids and autologous sera showed that the average content of hexoses, hexosamine, and sialic acid in cyst fluid approximated that in serum, whereas cyst fluid contained significantly more fucose than did serum. Fifteen of the cyst fluids and samples of autologous serum were also analyzed for free glucose. A mean cyst fluid to serum concentration ratio of 0.48 was found. The results show that the sugar components bound to proteins are the same in cyst fluid and serum. High levels of fucose in cyst fluid indicate the presence of fucomucins.
Concentration of fluoride in plaque a possible mechanism
Authors: ROÖLLA GUNNAR , BOWEN WILLIAM H.
Published: October 2007

abstract – A mechanism of concentration of fluoride (and phosphate) ions in plaque is suggested: calcium ions from saliva are bound to fixed acidic groups in the plaque, and fluoride (or phosphate) ions are attracted to the bound calcium as counterions. The principle was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis of calcium‐treated acidic ionic exchange material (Sephadex® SP and CM) against 1 part/106 of fluoride. A part of the fluoride was found to be bound under these conditions.
Histologic demonstration of bacteria subjacent to dental restorations
Authors: MJÖR IVAR A.
Published: October 2007

abstract – Sections of demineralized teeth which had received experimentally inserted restorations using a variety of materials have been stained according to the Brown and Brenn technique. Conventional cavity preparations had been made in intact areas and the cavities were dried gently without additional treatment prior to restoration. Different restorative materials were used and the teeth were extracted after 3–117 days' observation. No bacteria could be demonstrated at the dentin/filling interface or in the dentin if zinc oxide/eugenol, Ca(OH)2 mixed with water or corticosteroid/antibiotic preparations were employed as base or lining materials. A few bacteria were found subjacent to two of seven unlined amalgam fillings and subjacent to three silicate restorations which had been lined with a polymeric material.
Enamel microhardness and fluoride uptake underneath fermenting and non‐fermenting artificial plaque
Authors: TURTOLA L. O.
Published: October 2007

abstract
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Washed cells of Streptococcus sanguis were used to form artificial plaque on the surface of bovine enamel and incubated underneath buffer solutions, initial pH 6, for 36 h at 37°C. The decrease in the microhardness of the enamel surface under fermenting “plaque” could be prevented with fluoride. Enamel under a fermenting “plaque” took up significantly more (P < 0.01) fluoride than enamel under a non‐fermenting “plaque” (initial F− in buffer: 10 parts/106). The) artificial plaque did not accumulate fluoride. Within fermenting “plaques”, the pH decreased significantly more without fluoride (P<0.01) than with fluoride. Fluoride combined with sucrose more than negated the softening of the enamel caused by sucrose fermentation, i.e. it increased the hardness above the original values. The diffusion of fluoride through the fermenting artificial plaque was more rapid than through a non‐fermenting plaque. These findings suggest that caries‐conducive circumstances may promote fluoride uptake by enamel compared with non‐caries‐conducive circumstances.
Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans lipoteichoic acid to hydroxyapatite
Authors: CIARDI J. E. , RÖLLA G. , BOWEN W. H. , REILLY J. A.
Published: October 2007

abstract
–
lipoteichoic acid extracted from cells of S. mutans strain BHT exhibited a high affinity for hydroxyapatite. Phosphate ions, fluoride ions and to a lesser extent human saliva inhibited or reversed this adsorption. Extracellular lipoteichoic acid preparations obtained from the supernatant of cultures of the same bacteria exhibited similar properties. It is suggested that lipoteichoic acids could play a significant role in the colonization of teeth by Gram‐positive bacteria and thereby contribute to the formation and pathogenicity of dental plaque.
Deposits of immunoglobulin G and complement C3 in recurrent aphthous ulcerations
Authors: DONATSKY O. , DABELSTEEN E.
Published: October 2007

abstract
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Deposits of immunoglobulin G (IgG) were demonstrated at the basement membrane zone in lesions from 14 out of 16 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) by means of an immunofluorescence (IF) staining technique. Deposits of complement C3 were demonstrated at the same localization in lesions from 16 out of 16 patients with RAU. Similar deposits of C3 were demonstrated in 11 out of 12 experimentally produced oral wounds (EOW). Immunoglobulin deposits were not detected in the EOW. No deposits of immunoglobulin or C3 were revealed in 12 biopsies from normal oral mucosa (NOM). Further, the IF investigation demonstrated circulating autoantibodies against the cytoplasm of autologous oral epithelial cells in patients with RAU. The specificity of the present immunologic reactions and their possible role in the pathogenesis of RAU are discussed.
Variations in bone mass within the cortices of the mandible
Authors: VON WOWERN NINA
Published: October 2007

abstract
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A study of intermandibular variations in bone mass in cortices between regions of the alveolar process and mandibular body and between buccal and lingual cortices in the same region has been carried out. The material consisted of 24 autopsy specimens of half mandibles from normal subjects. Microradiograms of ground sections from incisor, premolar, and molar regions were used. Quantitation of bone mass in percent within the cortices was done by an electronic point‐counting system. The analysis indicates that bone mass may lie on nearly the same level all over in the entire lingual cortex. In buccal cortex, bone mass may vary from region to region, as a fall in bone mass from incisor to premolar to molar region in the buccal alveolar cortex, and a rise in bone mass from premolar to molar region in the mandibular body may occur. Bone mass in buccal incisor cortex of mandibular bodies shows great individual variations. Generally, bone mass may lie on a lower level in the buccal than in the lingual incisor and premolar cortex of the mandibular. body while bone mass elsewhere lies on nearly the same level in the same part of the two cortices. Bone biopsies should be taken in either the premolar or the molar region of mandibular bodies.
Correlation between strength and hardness of dental casting gold alloys
Authors: ESPEVIK S.
Published: October 2007

abstract
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The yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness of Type IV dental casting gold alloys were measured. Regression lines and prediction intervals for the estimation of yield strength and tensile strength from hardness measurements were then determined. The 95% prediction intervals for the yield strength and tensile strength were found to be ± 45 MN/m2 and ± 105 MN/m2, respectively.
Marginal leakage along Concise® in relation to filling procedure
Authors: QVIST VIBEKE , QVIST JØRGEN
Published: October 2007

abstract – Bacteria beneath 58 class V Concise® restorations on permanent molars in vivo were registered. After an observation period of 1–4 months bacteria were found in all 13 cavities filled with Concise only, in 14 out of 15 cavities filled with resin and Concise, in 12 out of 15 acid‐etched cavities with Concise only and in 8 out of 15 acid‐etched cavities filled with resin and Concise. Only the difference between the two procedures: Concise only and acid + resin + Concise, was significant. The occurrence of bacteria in the dentinal tubules beneath the cavities was greatest when die cavities had been etched.
Lipidhistochemical and microradiographic study of distribution of lipids in relation to mineral content in dentin caries
Authors: ANNEROTH GÖRAN , ISACSSON GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

abstract – Fifteen human molars were investigated using lipidhistochemical and microradiographic methods. A peripheral neurotic and totally decalcified part of the carious lesion revealed a markedly positive staining reaction for sphingomyelin, sulfatides, cholesterol‐ and/or triglyceride‐esters. The reaction was probably conditioned by the presence of debris and plaque within this area. Pulpally and immediately below the necrotic zone, an area of demineralization was found which on the microradiographs appeared as a radiolucent zone. The zone showed a mineral gradient with an increasing mineral content towards the pulp. In the zone of demineralization a positive reaction occurred for sphingomyelin decreasing in a pulpal direction with increasing mineral content. A weakly positive reaction for cholesterol‐ and/or triglyceride‐esters, was also delected bat only in the most pulpal part of the zone of demineralization; the intensity of the staining reaction was comparable to that found in normal dentin, In chose areas which were represented by a sclerotized, radiopaque zone, only a very weak reaction for sphingomyelin, cholesterol‐ and/or triglyceride‐esters could be observed of the same staining intensity as in normal dentin. The region between the lesion and the pulp showed the same staining intensity as normal dentin.
Calcium‐stimulated ATPase activity in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ in the rat
Authors: MÖRNSTAD HÅKAN
Published: October 2007

abstract— The activity of calcium‐stimulated ATPase (E.C. 3.6.1.3) in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ of rat incisors was studied biochemically. ATP hydrolysis was estimated from the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated. An analysis of the total degradation of ATP was initially performed to ensure that the enzyme assays pertained to the original substrate, ATP, and were not influenced by reaction products formed. Standard incubations were run in trismaleate buffer, pH 8.2, with 3 mM ATP, 3 rnM Ca2+ and 0.5 mM R8231 at 37°C. The presence of R 8231 was necessary to inhibit nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The calcium‐stimulated ATPase was completely inhibited when heated at 55–60°C for 5 min. The pH optimum was found to be 8.2. The hydrolysis was substantially dependent on Ca2+ and was fastest when the ATP:Ca2+ ratio was 1:1. High substrate concentrations inhibited the hydrolysis. The addition of 1 mM Zn2+ and Ni2+ to the incubation medium markedly inhibited the hydrolysis as did, though less strongly, p‐hydroxymercuribenzoate, oligomycin, EDTA and ruthenium red. l‐Cysteine, mercaptoethanol, iodoacetic acid and sodium azide were without effect. F. was without effect unless added to a final concentration above 15 mM to media where Ca2+ had first been allowed to react with ATP.
Cell‐mediated and humoral immunity against oral streptococci, neisseria, staphylococci, and adult human oral mucosa antigens in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: DONATSKY O.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity (HI) against oral bacteria (Streptococcus sanguis strain 2A, ATCC 10556, Streptococcus sanguis group H1, Neisseria subflava and Staphylococcus) and adult human oral mucosa (AHOM) antigens were investigated in relation to exacerbation of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The material consisted of 10 patients with RAS and 10 controls. The CMI and HI were assessed by means of the leukocyte migration test (LMT) and a double‐layer immunofluorescence (IF) technique. Compared with normal controls the leukocyte migration inhibition against Strep. 2A and AHOM was significantly increased in patients with exacerbation of RAS and the reactivity seemed to develop in relation to the exacerbation of RAS. The leukocyte migration inhibition was not significantly increased when Strep. H1, Neisseria subflava, Staphylococcus or fetal human kidney extracts were used as antigens. The IgG antibodies against Strep. 2A and Strep. H1 were significantly raised in sera from patients with exacerbation of RAS. However, the endpoint titers (EPT) did not increase significantly in relation to the exacerbation of RAS. The distribution of EPT against Neisseria subflava, Staphylococcus and AHOM did not differ significantly when sera from patients with exacerbation of RAS were related to sera from controls. The present investigations support the hypothesis that CMI against streptococcal and AHOM antigens may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of RAS.
Potential and polarization measurements in vivo of oral galvanism
Authors: BERGMAN M. , GINSTRUP O. , NILNER K.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Galvanic currents within the oral cavity may have harmful effects on biological tissues. In the present work 16 patients with different kinds of oral and other discomfort and pain which they attributed to oral galvanism were investigated. The potential and polarization of each metal restoration within reach of a platinum probe were measured versus a reference electrode. A recording of these measured values permits a calculation of the currents which may pass between the teeth. A control group of patients with no subjective symptoms of galvanism in the oral cavity was also investigated. The results of the electrochemical measurements showed that conditions for oral galvanism existed within the individuals of the patient group as well as within the control group. One remarkable observation was that the metallic restorations often consisted of different electrically isolated areas with different electrochemical properties. This and other factors influencing oral galvanism are discussed.
An in vitro study with various vehicles of diffusion of formocresol and its components
Authors: Mejare INGEGERD , MEJARE BERTIL
Published: October 2007

abstract— Pulpotomy in primary teeth using the formocresol method results in varying degrees of devitalization of the root pulp. The extent of this devitalization depends on, among other things, the ability of the components of formocresol to leave the dressing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate and duration of diffusion of the components of formocresol when incorporated in different vehicles. The antimicrobial effect of the drugs was used to assess the diffusion of the components of formocresol in blood agar, with a sensitive microorganism as an indicator. Evaluation of the MICs assessed in broth medium for formalin, formocresol and cresol, respectively, and the zone size of growth in hibition on blood agar from these components when incorporated in ZnO or ZnO‐eugenol cement, suggested that the initial zone of inhibition from formocresol was due mainly to the diffusion of formaldehyde. Cresol diffused more slowly from the dressing. The presence of eugenol in the dressing, as in ZnO‐eugenol cement, gave smaller initial release of formaldehyde, formocresol and cresol compared with the release from ZnO, but more prolonged diffusion. A higher initial release of formaldehyde was obtained when the formocresol was incorporated in ZnO alone compared with ZnO‐eugenol cement or Pharmatec®.
Pulp condition of successfully formocresol‐treated primary molars
Authors: RØLLING INGE , LAMBJERG‐HANSEN HARRY
Published: October 2007

abstract— The aim of the study was to assess the state of the pulp of primary teeth successfully treated by formocresol pulpotomy. Nineteen teeth, all of them with clinically and radiographically successful treatments, were extracted 3–24 months after treatment. The pulpal condition had changed in all the teeth. Inflammatory reaction or necrosis was observed in all teeth. Dentinal resorption followed by apposition of hard tissue were common findings. In the teeth with vital tissue only in the apical area, the tissue had minor or no signs of inflammation. Microorganisms could be demonstrated in the necrotic tissue in one tooth. The wide range of pulpal conditions observed indicated that there was no typical tissue reaction to formocresol even though treatment was clinically successful. The present study confirms that the formocresol method should be regarded only as a means to keep primary teeth with pulp exposures functioning for a limited period of time.
Structural studies on calcium fluoride formation and uptake of fluoride in surface enamel in vitro
Authors: LARSEN M. JOOST , FEJERSKOV O.
Published: October 2007

abstract— The structural changes in human enamel during exposure to an acetate buffer, pH 4, containing 150 parts/106 fluoride have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy. After exposure for 2 h the enamel surface was covered by a fine‐granular layer of calcium fluoride. The underlying enamel was highly eroded with an increased pore volume in the outer layer. Following an equilibration period of 3 months the uptake of fluoride in the apatite lattice had resulted in a highly mineralized, 100‐μm‐thick surface layer rich in fluoride covering a subsurface porous zone with an unchanged fluoride content. The deeply located, caries‐like porous zone may have provided calcium and phosphate for saturation of the liquid
Clinical and radiographic study of pulpectomy and root canal therapy
Authors: JOKINEN M. A. , KOTILAINEN RISTO , POIKKEUS PEKKA , POIKKEUS RAIJA , SARKKI LEENA
Published: October 2007

abstract— A clinical and radiographic reexamination of 2,459 roots 2–7 years after initial pulpectomy or root canal therapy is presented. The overall success rate, which was 53%, was not affected by the sex or age of the patient, or by the jaw in which the tooth was situated. The tooth group, however, had a significant influence on the success rate, the worst results being obtained for incisors and especially the mandibular central and maxillary lateral incisors. The prognosis was clearly better for the pulpectomies than for the root canal therapy. Mortal pulpectomy was found to succeed more often than vital. The presence of a primary periapical rarefaction worsened the success rate. The success rate was lower for the teeth in which a posttreatment prosthetic crown had been fitted. Fillings which went beyond the apex had a significantly lower success rate than those which nearly or exactly reached the apex.
Abrasive wear of filled and unfilled resins in vitro
Authors: RAADAL MAGNE
Published: October 2007

abstract— The present investigation was initiated to evaluate the wear resistance of filled and unfilled resins which may be suitable for fissure sealing. Two commercial unfilled resins (Adaptic Glaze(r) and Delton®), three degrees of diluted composite (Adaptic® diluted with Adaptic Bonding Agent®) and undiluted composite (Adaptic) were studied. Abrasion was caused by 400‐grit silicon carbide paper in a mechanical surface grinder. Ten specimens of each of the material samples were tested. The unfilled resins were abraded three to six times more readily than the composite samples. Undiluted composite was the most resistant, whereas samples of increasing degrees of dilution were abraded to increasing extents. However, even the most diluted composite, although very fluid, was at least three times more resistant than the unfilled samples. The results of this study indicate that adding inorganic filler particles to a resin, even in small amounts, greatly enhances the wear resistance of such materials.
Microbiota of gingivitis in man
Authors: SLOTS JØRGEN , MÖENBO DIANA , LANGEBAEK JØRGEN , FRANDSEN ASGER
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT – A Study on the predominant cultivable microorganisms inhabiting gingival crevices affected with a chronic gingivitis was carried out using the roll tube culture technique. Samples were obtained from nine individuals 25–42 years of age. Gram‐positive rods made up 26.1% of the isolates and included mainly Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, and Actinomyces viscosus. Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis together made up 26.8% of the cultivable organisms. Feptostreptococcus averaged 3.0% of the organisms recovered. Gram‐negative anaerobic rods constituted 25.0% of the total isolates with Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. intermedius, Bacteroides ochraceus, other Bacteroides species, Selenomonas sputigena, and Campylobacter sputorum as the most predominant isolates. Haemophilus parainfiuenzae averaged about 14% and Veillonella species 4.3% of the cultivable microflora. The data presented indicate that the subgingival microflora of a chronic gingivitis differs from those of healthy periodontium and advanced adult and juvenile periodontitis. This might suggest that different infectious processes may be operative in various clinical entities of periodontal disease.
Migration of metallic ions from screwposts into dentin and surrounding tissues
Authors: ARVIDSON KRISTINA , WRÓBLEWSKI ROMUALD
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT – Previous investigations have shown that corrosion and other electrochemical processes occur when different alloys or metals are found together in the same mouth. In the present report, when teeth were restored using non‐noble metallic posts, the metals diffused out to surrounding hard and soft connective tissues. The material consisted of extracted teeth with screwposts and surrounding discolored connective tissues. The screwposts had been cemented to the teeth 3–10 years earlier. The distribution of metal ions was determined by means of energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. Copper and zinc were found in both hard and soft tissues. Relatively high concentrations of copper ions were identified in areas of the teeth with blue‐green discolorations. Zinc ions were detected in the dentin; they most probably originated from the screwposts and the cement, but zinc is also found in normal human dendn. Copper, zinc, silver and iron were found in the dark discolorations of the gingiva adjacent to the extracted teeth.
Levels of airborne particles resulting from handling alginate impression material
Authors: BRUNE DAG , BELTESBREKKE HANS
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT – The levels of airborne particles emanating from handling alginate impression powders have been surveyed. The concentrations of powders, lead and silicious particles in the aerosol have been measured after thoroughly shaking the containers before opening. The decrease of the powder concentration in the ambient air as a function of time has been estimated. The efficiency of face masks to protect against powder exposure has been investigated.
Effect of long‐term administration of fluoride on plasma fluoride and calcium in relation to forming enamel and dentin in rats
Authors: FEJERSKOV O. , LARSEN M. JOOST , JOSEPHSEN K. , THYLSTRUP A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Three groups of 1‐month‐old rats were kept on water containing 0.2, 56.5 and 113 parts/106 F‐, respectively, for a period of 2 months. These groups were set up in order to study the relationship between long‐term administration of high doses of waterborne fluoride, plasma values of fluoride and calcium and changes in forming dentin and enamel of the rat incisor. The microradiographic study revealed that increased levels of fluoride caused a delay in mineralization of the enamel. In the 113 parts/106 group the radiolucent areas in the enamel exhibited a distinct periodicity along the tooth, a phenomenon which cannot at present be explained. In the dentin the fluoride interfered with the process of mineralization giving rise to radiolucent and radiopaque banding in the experimental groups. With increasing levels of fluoride in the water supply a significant increase in plasma fluoride was recorded. In contrast the serum calcium values in both experimental groups were reduced to the same extent, which differed significantly from that of the control group. It is concluded that the fluoride doses which are needed to create fluorotic changes in rats may interfere with calcium metabolism and basic mineralization processes.
Comparison of different measurements of development of plaque and gingivitis in man
Authors: POULSEN SVEN , HOLM‐PEDERSEN PAUL , KELSTRUP JENS
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The purpose of the present study was to compare efficiency of measurements commonly used to study the development of plaque and gingivitis in short‐term clinical trials. Data from a recent experiment on the effect of mutanase on accumulation of plaque and development of gingivitis were used. Efficiency was compared using 1) level of significance and 2) minimum number of individuals necessary to obtain a statistically significant result at a given level of significance and with a given power of the test. Of all the measurements used, the gingival exudate measurement was the most efficient. Among the nonparametric indices, Plaque Index was the most efficient, especially on proximal surfaces in the mandible. Reduction of the scales for the nonparametric indices from a four‐point scale to a two‐point (dichotomous) scale slightly reduced experimental efficiency.
Arrangement of actin filaments in in vitro migrating human gingival epithelial cells
Authors: OTTESKOG PER , SUNDQVIST KARL‐GÖSTA , SÖDER PER‐ÖSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Using immunofluorescent techniques and anti‐actin antibodies the presence of actin filaments has been demonstrated in epithelial cells cultivated in vitro. Organized bundles of filaments are restricted to the marginal cells in epithelial sheets. These marginal cells are not contact‐inhibited and show structures like membrane ruffies which are common for migrating cells. In contrast, internal cells in the epithelial sheets are diffusely stained by anti‐actin antibodies. The actin in all cells is redistributed after incubation in media containing cytochalasin B (CB). The importance of organized actin‐filaments in migrating epithelial cells is discussed.
Age differences in cortical width of mandibles determined by histoquantitation
Authors: VON WOWERN NINA , STOLTZE KAJ
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A study was carried out to develop a histomorphometric method for indication of individual level of cortical width (MCW) and absolute cortical bone mass (MCW×% bone mass in mm3/mm2 bone surface) in the mandibular body and to demonstrate possible differences as to site, side, state of dentition, sex and age. The material consisted of autopsy specimens of mandibles. Microradiograms of 100‐μm‐thick buccolingual ground sections were used. An electronic point‐counting system (Leitz‐Classimat®) was used for determination of MCW. The values for percentage of cortical bone mass have been given in previous studies. The analysis indicates that: 1) a reproducible measure for MCW in μm and absolute bone mass in a standard site can be obtained; 2) MCW in other sites of mandibular cortex deviates from that of standard site, which is why the same site has to be used in interindividual analysis; 3) MCW and absolute bone mass in the standard site are independent of side, state of dentition and sex, but show age‐related decreases, while 4) the lingual cortex is unsuitable for interindividual analysis of MCW.
Dental findings in patients with Aarskog syndrome
Authors: HALSE AGNAR , BJORVATN KJELL , AARSKOG DAGFINN
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Dental manifestations of the Aarskog syndrome were studied in 10 individuals. There was retarded development and eruption of the permanent teeth in six boys. Dental age was less retarded than height age and bone age. The prevalence of hypodontia and the prevalence and degree of orthodontic anomalies were higher than in the general population. Caries prevalence was high.
Pulpal response to dental amalgams
Authors: SKOGEDAL OLE , MJöR IVAR A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The pulpal reactions to amalgams with relatively high Cu content were compared with a conventional amalgam placed in unlined cavities prepared in intact monkey teeth. After a 1‐week observation period the pulpal responses from one of the Cucontaining amalgams and the conventional amalgam were of the same magnitude, whereas the two other amalgams gave more pronounced reactions. After observation periods of 1 and 2 months only one o( the amalgams with high Cu content caused more pronounced reactions than the conventional amalgam.
Comparative bone morphometric analysis of mandibles and 2nd metacarpals
Authors: VON WOWERN NINA , STOLTZE KAJ
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A comparative analysis of bone mass in the mandible and the metacarpal index: (D–d)/D% has been carried out on autopsy specimens of mandibles and standard hand radiographs from 40 subjects aged 20–90 years. Microradiograms of standardized 100‐μm‐thick sections of the undemineralized plastic embedded material from a standard site of the mandible were used for quantitation of 1) percentage of cortical bone mass, 2) mean cortical width (MCW), 3) largest mandibular width (K), and 4) corresponding width between the endosteal surfaces (k). The outer (D) and inner (d) shaft diameter of the second right metacarpal were measured on the hand radiographs. The present study indicates that: 1) K, k and (K– k)/K% are unsuitable for revealing any possible age‐related bone loss in the mandible; 2) a positive correlation exists between bone mass and MCW, while 3) MCW and K are unrelated, 4) bone mass and MCW of the mandible are both significantly correlated to the metacarpal index. However, while the levels of bone mass and MCW in the mandible to some extent can be predicted from that of the metacarpal index, a knowledge of the precise rnandibular changes necessitates the study of a mandibular biopsy.