bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“… yes, it's difficult, because we have to satisfy her heart” – Exploring Transgenerational Effects of Collective Persecution and Genocide in Kurdistan‐Iraq
Authors: Fritzemeyer Korinna
Published: December 2016

Almost every child in Kurdistan‐Iraq is currently growing up as the son or daughter of survivors of collective persecution and genocidal activity carried out during Saddam Hussein's regime. The aim of this study is to communicate first impressions of the second generation's situation and to examine possible effects of transgenerational transmission of unprocessed trauma. Based on fieldwork and interviews with parents who experienced torture and chemical attacks and their adolescent children, strong indications of unprocessed traumatizations were found on the parents' side. They are irritable and show dysfunctional parenting behavior in the form of physical abuse. Indications for boundary blurring and parentification as well as psychological burden – including problems with studying and dysphoric mood – were found among the children. Politicians and professionals in Kurdistan‐Iraq need to be aware of possible transmission of parents' traumatic experiences to their children and should provide adequate services.
Reconstructing prehistoric fishing zones in Palau, Micronesia using fish remains: A blind test of inter‐analyst correspondence
Authors: GIOVAS CHRISTINA M. , LAMBRIDES ARIANA B.J. , FITZPATRICK SCOTT M. , KATAOKA OSAMU
Published: December 2016

Archaeologists routinely reconstruct the types of marine environments fished by past human societies in order to understand economic systems, foraging behaviour, maritime technology and seafaring abilities. These reconstructions are based on ecological data provided by archaeofish identifications, but can be problematic where coarse‐grained designations, such as inshore or pelagic, are used, or the influence of fish behaviour and life history traits on movement between habitats is overlooked. In tropical waters, intra‐family diversity complicates habitat reconstruction by precluding lower‐level taxonomic identifications that provide precise habitat information (e.g. surge channels, dropoffs). Consequently, a single generalised habitat may be imposed on fishes that could be caught in multiple environments, thereby eroding the reliability of fishing zone reconstructions. This study employs the archaeofish assemblage from Chelechol ra Orrak (c. 3000–0 BP), Palau to examine the analytical impact of these variables on fishing habitat reconstruction based on a blind assessment of taxon‐derived environmental data by two analysts. We assesses how analysts’ variable decision protocols for the handling of imprecise environmental data impact resulting habitat exploitation profiles. Our results address the issue of spatial resolution in habitat information gleaned from fish assemblages like Orrak's, with important implications for the interpretation of foraging practices and maritime adaptations.
Academic nightmares: Predatory publishing
Authors: Van Nuland Sonya E. , Rogers Kem A.
Published: December 2016

Academic researchers who seek to publish their work are confronted daily with a barrage of e‐mails from aggressive marketing campaigns that solicit them to publish their research with a specialized, often newly launched, journal. Known as predatory journals, they often promise high editorial and publishing standards, yet their exploitive business models, poor quality control, and minimal overall transparency victimize those researchers with limited academic experience and pave the way for low‐quality articles that threaten the foundation of evidence‐based research. Understanding how to identify these predatory journals requires thorough due diligence on the part of the submitting authors, and a commitment by reputable publishers, institutions, and researchers to publicly identify these predators and eliminate them as a threat to the careers of young scientists seeking to disseminate their work in scholarly journals. Anat Sci Educ 10: 392–394. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
The impact of caregiver‐mediated JASPER on child restricted and repetitive behaviors and caregiver responses
Authors: Harrop Clare , Gulsrud Amanda , Shih Wendy , Hovsepyan Lilit , Kasari Connie
Published: December 2016

Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to the social‐communication impairments, we know considerably less about why children engage in RRBs and if and how to intervene with these behaviors. As a result, early intervention has typically focused on social‐communication. In this study, we were interested in understanding how child RRBs changed following an intervention targeting social‐communication behaviors and if caregiver training changed how they responded to their child's RRBs. Eighty‐six toddlers with ASD and their caregivers received one of two interventions: caregivers were either actively coached while playing with their child (JASPER) or attended information sessions about ASD. On three different occasions (when they entered the study, following 10 weeks of intervention and 6‐months after) caregivers were filmed playing with their child. From these recordings, we coded child RRBs and caregiver responses to these behaviors. Child RRBs remained relatively stable following intervention in both groups, but increased when the children returned at 6‐months. Caregivers who received one‐on‐one coaching (JASPER) responded to a greater number of their child's RRBs and their responses were rated as more successful. Our study showed that a short‐term social‐communication intervention delivered through caregivers had “spillover effects” on how they also responded to their child's RRBs. Interventions targeting social‐communication behaviors should also examine how these treatments affect child RRBs and how caregiver responses to these behaviors may change following training. Autism Res 2017, 10: 983–992. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence of K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu and evaluation of its kinetic parameters
Authors: Deshpande Archana , Dhoble N. S. , Gedam S. C. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: December 2016

The K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu phosphor, synthesized by a solid‐state diffusion method, was studied for its photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the material was matched with the standard JCPDF No. 36–1499. For PL characteristics, K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu2+ showed an emission peak at 474 nm when excited at 340 nm, while it showed Eu3+ emission at 580 nm, and 594 nm splitting at 613 nm and 618 nm for an excitation of 396 nm wavelength due to radiative transitions from 5D0 to 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3). The Commission International de I′ Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were also calculated for the K2Mg(SO4)2:Eu phosphor, and were close to the NTSC standard values. For the TL study, the prepared sample was irradiated using a 60Co source of γ‐irradiation at the dose rate of 0.322 kGy/h for 2 min. The formation of traps in K2Mg (SO4)2:Eu and the effects of γ‐radiation dose on the glow curve are discussed. Well defined broad glow peaks were obtained at 186°C. With increasing γ‐ray dose, the sample showed linearity in intensity. The presence of a single glow peak indicated that there was only one set of traps being activated within the particular temperature range. The presented phosphors were also studied for their fading, reusability and trapping parameters. There was just 2% fading during a period of 30 days, indicating no serious fading problem. Kinetic parameters were calculated using the initial rise method and Chen's half‐width method. Activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 0.77 eV and 1.41 × 106 sec−1.
Synthesis and luminescence characterization of Y2BaZnO5:RE (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Pr3+ and Sm3+) phosphors
Authors: Taikar D.R. , Joshi C.P. , Moharil S.V.
Published: December 2016

Modified synthesis and luminescence of Y2BaZnO5 phosphors activated with the rare earths (RE) Eu3+, Tb3+, Pr3+ and Sm3+ are reported. RE2BaZnO5 phosphors have attracted attention because of their interesting magnetic and optical properties; and are usually prepared using a two‐step solid‐state reaction. In the first step, carbonates or similar precursors are thoroughly mixed and heated at 900°C to decompose them to oxides. To eliminate the unwanted phases like BaRE2O4, the resulting powders are reheated at 1100°C for a long time. We prepared Y2BaZnO5 phosphors activated with various activators by replacing the first step with combustion synthesis. The photoluminescence results are presented. The photoluminescence results for Eu3+, Tb3+ and Pr3+ are in good agreement with the literature. However, photoluminescence emission from Sm3+ has not been documented previously. The excitation spectrum of Eu3+ is dominated by a charge transfer band around 261 nm, and an additional band around 238 nm is always present, irrespective of the type of activator. The presence of this band for all these different types of activators was interpreted as host absorption.
Multiplex Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1/2 and Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies Simultaneous Detection Using Three‐Dimensional Sol–Gel Nanoporous Capturing Technology
Authors: Hwang Kyung Hoon , Ki Yeona , Lee Young Mi , Lee Jin Ah , Choi In Kyoung , Park Jun Sung , Kim Jinhong , Kang Jasmine , Kukushkin Yury , Oh Eun Jee , Han Kyung Ja , Kim Soyoun
Published: December 2016

The sol–gel nanoporous capturing technology represents a powerful approach where the sol–gel matrix constrains the motion of the encapsulated biomolecules (proteins, peptides, chemicals, antibodies, nucleotides, etc.) without physical adsorption or any modifications. This technology can be applied to multiplex immunoassay platform because several disease markers can be immobilized and tested at once. In this study, we have tested several thousand specimens using Hi3‐1 Multiplex human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody detection kit at two clinical trials institutes. These results showed a highest sensitivity (100%, n = 500 HIV‐positive specimens and n = 400 HCV‐positive) and specificity (99.99% for HIV and 99.83% for HCV, n = 7706 negative specimens) by using Hi3‐1 kit, which screens HIV1/2 and HCV antibodies simultaneously. Finally, we suggested that our screening technology was successfully utilized as a multiplex HIV and HCV diagnostic tool for blood bank screening.
Quercetin 7‐O‐Glutamate Sensitizes P. aeruginosa to β‐Lactams and Vancomycin
Authors: Kim Mi Kyoung , Park Kwang‐su , Jung Woong , Choo Hyunah , Chong Youhoon
Published: December 2016

In this study, quercetin and its conjugates with pivaloxymethyl, glutamic acid, or alanine promoieties were evaluated for their ability to sensitize wild type P. aeruginosa to β‐lactam antibiotics. Among the quercetin conjugates, quercetin 7‐O‐glutamate was as potent as phenylalanine‐arginine β‐naphthylamide (PAβN), and addition of this conjugate (25 µg/mL) resulted in significant reduction of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the β‐lactam antibiotics such as piperacillin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime (two‐, four‐, and eight‐fold, respectively). Quercetin 7‐O‐glutamate was also effective in sensitizing P. aeruginosa to bulky antibiotics such as vancomycin and erythromycin through permeabilization of the outer membrane of the Gram‐negative bacterium. The outer membrane‐destabilizing activity of 7‐O‐glutamate was similar to that of PAβN, and it decreased the MICs of both vancomycin and erythromycin by 16‐fold.
Meal–insulin cycle: A visual summary of the biochemical events between meals
Authors: Kalogiannis Stavros
Published: December 2016

In the present article, a scheme that summarizes the biochemical events occurring in the human body after the consumption of a meal is proposed. The scheme illustrates the metabolic sequence as a series of counteracting components occupying opposite positions in a cycle, indicating their opposite actions or physiological states, such as meal versus energy consumption, increase versus decrease of blood glucose levels, and excretion of insulin versus excretion of glucagon. Furthermore, the cycle is complemented by a table indicating the acceleration or inhibition of selected metabolic pathways and actions. Since the cycle demonstrates the effects of a meal and of insulin on metabolism it was named “the meal–insulin cycle.” Evaluation of the implementation in the classroom by postgraduate students of Nutrition showed that the proposed summarized visualization improved the understanding of the events between meals of all students, both holders of a Nutrition degree as well as graduates of another science division. Moreover, the representation as a perpetuating cycle throughout our lifespan was new to the students. The students recognized the graphical illustration as the most helpful feature. The proposed scheme may be used in teaching metabolism or biochemistry in a students' course or in a diabetes care course, it can be found on the internet, at the URL www.metpath.teithe.gr/meal_insulin_cycle and is linked to an interactive map of metabolic pathways. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):279–284, 2017.
Asymmetric Ketone Reduction by Imine Reductases
Authors: Lenz Maike , Meisner Jan , Quertinmont Leann , Lutz Stefan , Kästner Johannes , Nestl Bettina M.
Published: December 2016

The rapidly growing area of asymmetric imine reduction by imine reductases (IREDs) has provided alternative routes to chiral amines. Here we report the expansion of the reaction scope of IREDs by showing the stereoselective reduction of 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetophenone. Assisted by an in silico analysis of energy barriers, we evaluated asymmetric hydrogenations of carbonyls and imines while considering the influence of substrate reactivity on the chemoselectivity of this novel class of reductases. We report the asymmetric reduction of C=N as well as C=O bonds catalysed by members of the IRED enzyme family.
Experimental Approach to an Efficient and Versatile Water Filtration Vacuum Cleaner
Authors: Bakry Ayman I.
Published: December 2016

A simple and robust suction technique is proposed for vacuum cleaning based on an innovative water filtration method for dry, wet, and water swab modes. The technique relies on applying vacuum above the free surface of water to drive the dust‐laden airstream to be released at constant depth below the water surface. Unlike conventional vacuum cleaner types, experimental measurements revealed that a high negative suction pressure availability and low exhaust air temperature with negligible and irrelevant increase in humidity levels were maintained regardless of the filling state. The proposed technique thus ensures more efficient utilization and conservation of energy.
Reactive Extraction and Critical Raw Materials: Industrial Recovery of Tungsten
Authors: Willersinn Stefan , Bart Hans‐Jörg
Published: December 2016

The recovery of various metals from primary and secondary resources becomes increasingly important, especially for low concentrated resources, where the hydrometallurgical recovery route is economically preferable over the pyrometallurgical. Solvent extraction is a crucial process step in concentrating and purifying metal ions from dilute or multi‐component feed streams. For an industrial design of extraction processes and equipment several basic data are necessary. The methodology of apparatus design, the scale‐up challenge, and the toolbox of available methods are discussed exemplarily for the solvent extraction of tungsten.
Simulation and Multi‐criteria Optimization under Uncertain Model Parameters of a Cumene Process
Authors: Asprion Norbert , Blagov Sergej , Böttcher Roger , Schwientek Jan , Burger Jakob , von Harbou Erik , Bortz Michael
Published: December 2016

Since experimentation is expensive with increasing computation power the significance of modeling, simulation, and optimization in process development has grown. Quite often in such models some parameters are uncertain, e.g., due to high variance in experimental data used for their estimation. Methods for investigating the impact of uncertain model parameters in the simulation and a new extension of an adaptive multi‐criteria optimization method to account for these uncertainties are described and demonstrated based on a cumene process.
“Justice for all”: An examination of self‐identified LGBT job satisfaction in the US federal workforce
Authors: Pink‐Harper Stephanie A. , Davis Randall S. , Burnside Randolph
Published: December 2016

The diversity management literature is inconsistent regarding factors that affect job satisfaction of marginalized groups. We examine job satisfaction of LGBTs in the US federal workforce by following the path of the diversity management and job satisfaction research. We empirically test this relationship using the 2014 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey employing confirmatory factor analysis and structural equal modelling. We find that increased perceptions of a culture of diversity contribute to LGBT employee perception of their skills being effectively utilized as well as employee job satisfaction. We also find that LGBT's perception of their skills directly contributes to job satisfaction. We conclude by offering policy implications for public managers to consider when developing diversity management strategies for marginalized groups. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing financial and social costs for top‐down versus fixed‐band selection: A practical application with bus drivers
Authors: Sorenson Jessica B. , Hausdorf Peter A. , Risavy Stephen D.
Published: December 2016

A number of solutions have been proposed to the diversity‐validity dilemma arising from the use of cognitive ability tests in employment selection. Cognitive ability tests predict training and job performance but also produce adverse impact against minority groups. Although banding reduces adverse impact, it has been criticized for also reducing the utility of the selection process. We assessed the social and financial impact of a fixed band approach with top‐down hiring across several hiring scenarios with a pool of bus driver applicants. Overall, the fixed band approach reduced adverse impact without substantially reducing the cost effectiveness of the hiring process. We discuss the implications of these two approaches in the context of the diversity‐validity dilemma. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the dynamics between supervisor‐follower social capital, work engagement, and employees' creative work involvement
Authors: Bouckenooghe Dave , Menguç Bulent
Published: December 2016

This study examines the previously unexplored mediating role of work engagement in the link between creative work involvement and the relational resources embedded in supervisor‐follower exchanges. We studied three relational resources inherent to the exchanges between followers and their supervisors: trust in supervisor, goal congruence, and relationship informality. Data were captured from IT professionals working at four well‐established IT companies in Ukraine. The findings show that relationship informality and goal congruence positively affect employees' creative work involvement, yet these effects are less pronounced when controlling for work engagement. The significance and implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual boundary spanning: Toward a typology of outside‐in open innovation in the Canadian context
Authors: Li‐Ying Jason
Published: December 2016

The extant literature runs short in understanding openness of innovation regarding and the different pathways along which internal and external knowledge resources can be combined. This study proposes a unique typology for outside‐in innovations based on two distinct ways of boundary spanning: whether an innovation idea is created internally or externally and whether an innovation process relies on external knowledge resources. This yields four possible types of innovation, which represent the nuanced variation of outside‐in innovations. Using historical data from Canada for 1945–1980, this study unveils different implications of these innovation types for different levels of innovation novelty. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The packing problem of uncertain multicasts
Authors: Ren Bangbang , Guo Deke , Xie Junjie , Li Wenxin , Yuan Bo , Liu Yunfei
Published: December 2016

Multicast performs better than unicast in delivering the same content from a fixed single source to a set of destinations. Many efforts have been made to optimize such kind of deterministic multicast, such as minimizing the transmission cost of each multicast session. In practice, it is not necessary that the source of each multicast session has to be in a specific location, as long as certain constraints are satisfied. Accordingly, applications usually meet a novel multicast with uncertain sources, ie, uncertain multicast. That is, multiple nodes have the responsibility to act as the root node of a multicast session. Prior proposals have addressed an uncertain multicast by constructing the minimum cost forest. However, it is still unknown how to efficiently share the network resources, when a set of uncertain multicast occupies the network simultaneously. To tackle such a challenging issue, we present the packing problem of uncertain multicasts (MPU) to minimize the total transmission cost, under the constraint of link capacity. We prove that the MPU problem is NP‐hard. An intrinsic solution is constructing the minimum cost forest for each uncertain multicast individually. This method, however, is inefficient and may be infeasible because of the constraint of link capacity. Thus, we design 2 dedicated greedy methods, named priority‐based and adjusting congested link, to approximate the optimal solution. The comprehensive results indicate that both of our 2 methods can find a feasible solution for the MPU problem. Moreover, given a set of uncertain multicasts, the adjusting congested link method can generate a desired transmission structure for each uncertain multicast and achieve the least total cost when packing them.
A 5.1μJ per point‐multiplication elliptic curve cryptographic processor
Authors: Rožić Vladimir , Reparaz Oscar , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: December 2016

Security features such as privacy and device authentication are required in wireless sensor networks, electronic IDs, Radio Frequency Identification tags, and many other applications. These features are provided using cryptography. Symmetric key cryptography, where the key is distributed between the communication parties prior to communication, does not provide adequate solution for large scalable systems such as sensor networks. In these cases, public‐key cryptography should be used. However, public‐key algorithms are typically more computationally intensive than their symmetric key counterparts, which creates difficulties in meeting the strict area, power, and energy requirements. Elliptic curve cryptography, because of relatively small operand sizes, can be used to answer the imposed challenges. In this paper, we present a processor for elliptic curve cryptography over GF(2163). This processor can perform elliptic curve point multiplication as well as general modular operations. The processor is flexible enough to support multiple cryptographic protocols. The chip is fabricated using UMC .13 μm 1P8M process, resulting in a core area of 0.54 mm2. The energy consumption to perform one elliptic curve point multiplication is 5.1 μJ. The design features lightweight countermeasures against side‐channel attacks. A security evaluation shows the effectiveness of such countermeasures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible circuit design for GCD computation in cryptography algorithms
Authors: Jayashree H. V. , Kotethota Skanda , Agrawal V. K.
Published: December 2016

The implementation of cryptography algorithms is constantly observing threat from multiple techniques in breaking secure system. The current trend in breaking the secure system of cryptography is by power analysis technique. In order to break the secure key, the energy consumed in the digital circuit during computation is measured. This technique is commonly known as differential power analysis, explored by the hackers to break the secure systems. To circumvent these type of attacks, it is necessary to explore different designs, which dissipate less energy. Ideally, reversible circuits dissipate zero energy. We present a new reversible architecture for greatest common divisor (GCD) computation using modified Binary GCD algorithm. We present the generalized design methodology of reversible GCD computation unit. We compare the proposed GCD computation design with the existing design. The proposed reversible GCD architecture takes less number of iterations compared with the existing GCD architecture in the literature. The proposed design outperforms the existing GCD design in terms of Quantum Cost, Gate Count, and Ancilla Inputs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐based DNA demethylation detection system for screening of epigenetic drugs in 2D, 3D, and xenograft models
Authors: Agrawal Khushboo , Das Viswanath , Otmar Miroslav , Krečmerová Marcela , Džubák Petr , Hajdúch Marián
Published: December 2016

Aberrant DNA methylation that results in silencing of genes has remained a significant interest in cancer research. Despite major advances, the success of epigenetic therapy is elusive due to narrow therapeutic window. A wide variety of naturally occurring epigenetic agents and synthetic molecules that can alter methylation patterns exist, however, their usefulness in epigenetic therapy remains unknown. This underlines the need for effective tumor models for large‐scale screening of drug candidates with potent hypomethylation activity. In this study, we present the development of a cell‐based DNA demethylation detection system, which is amenable for high content screening of epigenetic drugs in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cell culture models. Additionally, the detection system also supports the in vivo monitoring of demethylation efficacy of potential lead compounds from in vitro screens in tumor xenografts. The described detection system not only permits the continuous monitoring of demethylation but also of the induced cytostatic/cytotoxic drug effects in live cells, as a function of time. The detection system is fluorescence based and exploits the dominant ability of DNA methylation to inhibit gene transcription, and utilizes FLJ32130 gene, which is silenced on account of promoter hypermethylation in human colorectal cancer. The described work will provide the researchers with an efficient tool for epigenetic drug screens on a high throughput platform and would therefore benefit academic and industrial drug discovery. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
FPGA implementation of highly secure, hardware‐efficient QC‐LDPC code–based nonlinear cryptosystem for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Stuart Celine Mary , Deepthi P. P.
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated architecture for embedding security into quasi‐cyclic (QC) low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) code–based cryptographic system through a nonlinear function of low hardware complexity. Instead of using standard S‐boxes for implementation of nonlinear function, this paper considers a method on the basis of maximum length cellular automata (CA), so that enhanced security can be achieved with simple hardware structure. The proposed system adopts a lightweight random bit stream generator on the basis of linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for generating random error vectors, so that a large number of vectors with very good cryptographic properties can be made available with low hardware cost. Different permutation patterns generated for different message blocks help to provide good degrees of freedom for tuning security with reasonable key size. The hardware architecture for the proposed system is developed and validated through implementation on Xilinx Spartan 3S500E. Analytical and synthesis results show that the proposed scheme is lightweight and offers very high security through continuously changing parameters, thus making it highly suitable for resource‐constrained applications.
Identification of prenatal behavioral patterns of the gross motor movements within the early stages of fetal development
Authors: van Merendonk Elisabeth J.J.M. , Brouwers Jeroen J.W.M. , De Catte Luc , Hasaerts Danielle , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W.G. , Kerckhofs Eric
Published: December 2016

Little is known about the manner in which motor behavior of the gross motor movements develops in early fetal period. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify and classify the fetal distinct behavior patterns of the gross motor movements qualitatively in gestational weeks 10 through 17 (N = 69 fetuses). Using our unique Systematic Observation and Analysis Procedure based on conventional 2D ultrasound, we were able to identify the distinct behavior patterns with respect to the fetus' orientation (e.g., postural position and additional support by uterine wall) in real time and therefore distinguish 12 categories of behavioral patterns. The kappa coefficient for this procedure was 0.82, indicating high interobserver reliability. Interestingly, six of these 12 categories were not observed in gestational week 10–11, whereas all 12 movement categories were present in gestational week 16–17. Importantly, the occurrence of early development of gross motor control in utero emerges in the presence of dynamic and interactive environmental factors, providing new insights into the fundamental aspects of developmental motor behavior in the growing infant.

Highlights

We developed a system for real‐time monitoring of behavioral patterns of the gross motor movements with respect to the fetus' intrauterine orientation using a two‐step, non‐invasive observation protocol.

Our monitoring system allowed us to detect twelve separate categories of distinct behavioral patterns of the gross motor movements in gestational week 10–17.

Gross motor control develops in the early fetal period and is affected by the presence of dynamic and interactive environmental factors.
Inhibition of SRC family kinases reduces myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in head and neck cancer
Authors: Mao Liang , Deng Wei‐Wei , Yu Guang‐Tao , Bu Lin‐Lin , Liu Jian‐Feng , Ma Si‐Rui , Wu Lei , Kulkarni Ashok B. , Zhang Wen‐Feng , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: December 2016

SRC family kinases (SFKs), a group of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, modulate multiple cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. SFKs display aberrant activity in progressive stages of human cancers. However, the precise role of SFKs in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) signaling network is far from clear. In this study, we found that the inhibition of SFKs activity by dasatinib effectively reduced the tumor size and population of MDSCs in the HNSCC mouse model. Molecular analysis indicates that phosphorylation of LYN, rather than SRC, was inhibited by dasatinib treatment. Next, we analyzed LYN expression by immunostaining and found that it was overexpressed in the human HNSCC specimens. Moreover, LYN expression in stromal cells positively correlated with myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) makers CD11b and CD33 in human HNSCC. The dual positive expression of LYN in epithelial and stromal cells (EPI+ SRT+) was associated with unfavorable overall survival of HNSCC patients. These findings indicate that SFKs may be a potential target for an effective immunotherapy of HNSCC by decreasing MDSCs and moreover, LYN will have an impact on such therapeutic strategy.
A simple method for preparation of pure 68Ga‐acetate precursor for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals: Physicochemical characteristics of the 68Ga eluate of the SnO2 based‐68Ge/68Ga column generator
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sankha , Alam Md. Neyar , Smita Madhu , Kumar Umesh , Das Sujata Saha , Barua Luna
Published: December 2016

Gallium‐68 radioisotope is an excellent source in clinical positron emission tomography application due to its ease of availability from germanium‐68 (68Ge)/gallium‐68 (68Ga) generator having a shelf life of 1 year. In this paper, a modified method for purification of the primary eluate of 68Ge‐68Ga generator by using a small cation exchange resin (Dowex‐50) column has been described. The breakthrough of 68Ge before and after purification of 68Ga eluate was 0.014% and 0.00027%, respectively. The average recovery yield of 68Ga after purification was 84% ± 8.6% (SD, n = 335). The results of the physiochemical studies confirmed that the 68Ga‐acetate obtained is suitable for labeling of radiopharmaceuticals.
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole contribution to the zonal mean total ozone in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Krzyścin J. W.
Published: December 2016

We present the first analysis of the combined El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) contribution to the monthly zonal means of total ozone (TO3) in the Northern Hemisphere for the 1970–2015 period. The Solar Backscatter UV merged TO3 (version 8.6) data set is examined using the standard multiple regression model with new proposed regressors accounting for the impact of the strong ENSO and IOD effects on the zonal mean ozone. The new regressors are selected using the principal component analysis applied to the standard ENSO and IOD indices. The ENSO and IOD induce ±2% month‐to‐month TO3 oscillations in the equatorial‐, mid‐, and even in high latitudinal zones. Long‐term effects of ∼1% 10 year−1 are found. In autumn, a strong positive phase IOD is associated with ∼0.5% positive and ∼1.5% negative anomalies in the 30°–35°N and 65°–70°N regions, respectively. The IOD contribution to the zonal TO3 means is more pronounced than that of ENSO.
Spatial and temporal variability of CO2and CH4gas transfer velocities and quantification of the CH4microbubble flux in mangrove dominated estuaries
Authors: Rosentreter J. A. , Maher D. T. , Ho D. T. , Call M. , Barr J. G. , Eyre B. D.
Published: December 2016

Gas transfer velocities (k) of CO2and CH4were determined from 209 deployments of a newly designed floating chamber in six mangrove dominated estuaries in Australia and the United States to estimate mangrove system specifick.k600‐CO2andk600‐CH4(knormalized to the Schmidt number of 600) varied greatly within and between mangrove creeks, ranging from 0.9 cm h−1to 28.3 cm h−1. The gas transfer velocity correlated well with current velocity at all study sites suggesting current generated turbulence was the main driver controllingk. An empirical relationship that accounts for current velocity and a linearly additive contribution of wind speed and water depth was a good predictor ofk600‐CO2(R2 = 0.67) andk600‐CH4(R2 = 0.57) in the mangrove creeks in Australia. In a side‐by‐side study, good agreement was found betweenkdetermined from this new floating chamber and a3He/SF6dual tracer release experiment (∼5% discrepancy).k600‐CH4correlated well withk600‐CO2(R2 = 0.81), however,k600‐CH4was on average 1.2 times higher thank600‐CO2, most likely reflecting a microbubble flux contribution. The microbubble flux contributed up to 73% of the total CH4flux and was best predicted by a model that included CH4supersaturation, temperature, and current velocity. A large overestimation was found for both CO2and CH4fluxes when calculated using empirically derivedkmodels from previous studies in estuaries. The high temporal and spatial variabilities ofkCO2andkCH4highlights the importance of site specific transfer velocity measurements in dynamic ecosystems such as mangrove estuaries.
Vascularized appendicular lymph node transfer for treatment of extremity lymphedema: A case report
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Manrique Oscar J. , Date Shivprasad , Chang Wei‐Ling , Nicoli Fabio , Sapountzis Stamatis , Cheng Hsu‐Tang , Agko Mouchammed , Chen Hung‐Chi
Published: December 2016

Vascularized lymph node transfer has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of extremity lymphedema. In an attempt to find the ideal donor site, several vascularized lymph nodes have been described. Each has a common goal of decreasing morbidity and avoiding iatrogenic lymphedema while obtaining good clinical results. Herein, we present the preliminary clinical outcomes of an intra‐abdominal lymph node flap option based on the appendicular artery and vein used for the treatment of extremity lymphedema. A 62 year‐old woman with moderate lower extremity lymphedema, on chronic antibiotics because of recurrent infections and unsatisfactory outcomes after conservative treatment underwent a vascularized appendicular lymph node (VALN) transfer. At a follow‐up of 6 months, the reduction rate of the limb circumference was 17.4%, 15.1%, 12.0% and 9% above the knee, below the knee, above the ankle and foot respectively. In addition, no further episodes of infection or other complications were reported after VALN transfer. Postoperative lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated that the VALN flap was able to improve the lymphatic drainage of the affected limb. According to our findings, the use of VALN transfer minimizes donor‐site morbidity, avoids iatrogenic lymphedema and may provide a strong clearance of infection because of the strong immunologic properties of the appendiceal lymphatic tissue in selected patients. Despite these promising results, further research with larger number of patients and longer follow‐ up is needed.
On a generalized Kirchhoff equation with sublinear nonlinearities
Authors: Santos Júnior João R. , Siciliano Gaetano
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we consider a generalized Kirchhoff equation in a bounded domain under the effect of a sublinear nonlinearity. Under suitable assumptions on the data of the problem, we show that, with a simple change of variable, the equation can be reduced to a classical semilinear equation and then studied with standard tools. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clifford–Fourier transform on hyperbolic space
Authors: Lian Pan , Bao Gejun , De Bie Hendrik , Constales Denis
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of the Helgason–Fourier transform using the angular Dirac operator on both the hyperboloid and unit ball models. The explicit integral kernels of even dimension are derived. Furthermore, we establish the formal generating function of the even dimensional kernels. In the computations, fractional integration plays a key unifying role. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global existence and boundedness of classical solutions for a chemotaxis model with consumption of chemoattractant and logistic source
Authors: Baghaei Khadijeh , Khelghati Ali
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the following chemotaxis system:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0002

under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain
with smooth boundary. Here, δ and χ are some positive constants and f is a smooth function that satisfies

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0003

with some constants a⩾0,b > 0, and γ > 1. We prove that the classical solutions to the preceding system are global and bounded provided that

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4264:mma4264-math-0004
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of sample size and distributional assumptions on competing models of the factor structure of the PANSS and BPRS
Authors: Tueller Stephen J. , Johnson Kiersten L. , Grimm Kevin J. , Desmarais Sarah L. , Sellers Brian G. , Van Dorn Richard A.
Published: December 2016

Factor analytic work on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has yielded varied and conflicting results. The current study explored potential causes of these discrepancies. Prior research has been limited by small sample sizes and an incorrect assumption that the items are normally distributed when in practice responses are highly skewed ordinal variables. Using simulation methodology, we examined the effects of sample size, (in)correctly specifying item distributions, collapsing rarely endorsed response categories, and four factor analytic models. The first is the model of Van Dorn et al., developed using a large integrated data set, specified the item distributions as multinomial, and used cross‐validation. The remaining models were developed specifying item distributions as normal: the commonly used pentagonal model of White et al.; the model of Van der Gaag et al. developed using extensive cross‐validation methods; and the model of Shafer developed through meta‐analysis. Our simulation results indicated that incorrectly assuming normality led to biases in model fit and factor structure, especially for small sample size. Collapsing rarely used response options had negligible effects.
Combined Application of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD and 1H–NMR Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of DA‐9801, A Standardised Dioscorea Extract
Authors: Kang Kyo Bin , Ryu Jayoung , Cho Youngwoong , Choi Sang‐Zin , Son Miwon , Sung Sang Hyun
Published: December 2016

Introduction

DA‐9801, a standardised 50% aqueous ethanolic extract of a mixture of Dioscorea japonica and D. nipponica, is a botanical drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which finished its US phase II clinical trials recently. An advanced quality control method is needed for further development of DA‐9801, considering its high contents of both primary and secondary metabolites.

Objective

Development of a quality assessment strategy for DA‐9801, based on the combination of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD, and 1H–NMR spectroscopy.

Methods

The method was developed and tested with 15 batch products of DA‐9801. The steroidal saponins of DA‐9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC–QTOF/MS and were quantified with the validated HPLC–ELSD method. Primary metabolites of DA‐9801 were identified and profiled using 1H–NMR spectrometry. The batch‐to‐batch equivalence of DA‐9801 was tested with the 1H–NMR spectra using spectral binning, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis.

Results

Six major saponins of DA‐9801 were tentatively identified by UHPLC‐QTOF/MS. Among them, protodioscin and dioscin were quantified by the validated HPLC‐ELSD method. Twenty‐six metabolites were identified in 1H–NMR spectra. The similarity between DA‐9801 batches could be evaluated with the NMR spectra of DA‐9801. The 1H–NMR method also revealed that two Dioscorea species contributed distinct amino acids to the contents of DA‐9801.

Conclusion

This study validates the effectiveness of UHPLC‐QTOF/MS, HPLC‐ELSD, and 1H NMR‐combined method for quality control of DA‐9801 and its crude materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Borderline personality disorder features, emotion dysregulation and non‐suicidal self‐injury: Preliminary findings in a sample of community‐dwelling Italian adolescents
Authors: Somma Antonella , Sharp Carla , Borroni Serena , Fossati Andrea
Published: December 2016

In order to assess the relationships among borderline personality disorder features, non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and emotion dysregulation, 122 community‐dwelling Italian adolescents were administered by the Italian translations of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children‐11, the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Regression models showed that both Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory (DSHI) and DERS scores significantly predicted Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children‐11 total score; moreover, the DSHI total score significantly predicted the DERS total score. Our findings suggest that borderline personality features in adolescence are moderately, albeit significantly related to NSSI, and that emotion dysregulation does not completely account for the association between borderline personality features and NSSI, although it seems to explain a non‐trivial proportion of this relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disentangling estimands and the intention‐to‐treat principle
Authors: Leuchs Ann‐Kristin , Brandt Andreas , Zinserling Jörg , Benda Norbert
Published: December 2016

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aim at providing reliable estimates of treatment benefit. Missing data and nonadherence to treatment are distinct problems that can substantially impede this task. In practice, the fact that the handling of missing data due to nonadherence affects the question that is addressed is often ignored. Estimands allow precisely predefining the question of interest. Estimands are definitions of that which is being estimated with regard to population, endpoint, and handling of postrandomization events (eg, nonadherence). Depending on the situation, different estimands are of relevance. Therefore, it is important that the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) principle, which is considered the gold standard for analyzing RCTs, does not restrict an RCT's primary objective to only one of several relevant estimands. Although much ambiguity is involved around what is considered to constitute the ITT principle, many associate ITT with completely following up all patients and including all data of all randomized patients as allocated into the analysis. This would restrict primary objectives to estimating the effect of treatment policy and is certainly not warranted in all situations. To maintain the advantage of having the clear recommendation to follow the ITT principle while allowing for various relevant estimands as primary objective, we argue that the appropriate way forward is to define ITT as including all randomized patients into the analysis set and each patient is to be allocated to his or her randomized treatment. This definition comprises the actual intent of ITT and can be fully implemented also in settings where complete follow‐up is impossible.
Fast Fault Tree Analysis for Hybrid Uncertainties Using Stochastic Logic Implemented on Field‐Programmable Gate Arrays: An Application in Quantitative Assessment and mitigation of Welding Defects Risk
Authors: Shoar Shahab , Zarandi Hamid R. , Nasirzadeh Farnad , Cheshmikhani Elham
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a stochastic logic‐based method for quantitative risk assessment using fault tree analysis (FTA) that can take into account both types of uncertainties including objective and subjective uncertainties. In the proposed method, each fault tree gate is translated to its corresponding stochastic logic template and then is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Because the analysis does not utilize any transformation methods, the results of analysis are more accurate than those methods which are based on transformation from possibility to probability distributions or vice versa. Experimental results for a benchmark fault tree show that this method accelerates analysis time compared to conventional hybrid uncertainty analysis method and transformation methods. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by implementation in a real steel structure project. The quantitative risk assessment is performed for the incomplete penetration as one of the defects encountered in arc welding process, and its results are compared with transformation methods. The comparison results show the proposed hybrid uncertainty analysis method is also more accurate in comparison to the transformation‐based approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.