bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial Considerations for Selecting Tablet Computers for Your Pharmacy
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: July 2011

Pharmacy department leadership is often called on to make decisions regarding computing resources and tools for department-wide use. One of the current top technologies is tablet computers, which are extremely popular in the personal market. In this column, we address several of the primary factors to consider when selecting tablets for use by pharmacy department personnel.
Meaningful Use: Why is it Meaningful to Pharmacists?
Authors: Eggers Garrett , Jenkins Matt , Mark Scott , Wasicek Kelley
Published: July 2011

The Director's Forum series is edited by Robert J. Weber and Scott M. Mark and is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. This article focuses on meaningful use and the impact and opportunity for pharmacists to influence the way in which it will be embraced within a given hospital and the role that pharmacy will have in meeting key metrics.
Efficacy and Safety of Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Compared with Exenatide Twice Daily and Sitagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pinelli Nicole R , Hurren Kathryn M
Published: July 2011

Background:

Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (LA-GLP-1RAs) may deliver additional therapeutic benefits over other available incretin-based therapies.

Objective:

To pool results of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safely of maximum dose LA-GLP-1RAs (liraglutide, exenatide once weekly) with exenatide twice daily and dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE (all from inception-December 2010), and abstracts presented at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions in 2009 and 2010 to identify English-language reports of studies of at least 24 weeks' duration. The primary endpoint was mean change in hemoglobin A1c (A1C) from baseline to study endpoint. Weighted mean differences or odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for each outcome relative to control were calculated as appropriate.

Results:

A1C was reduced favoring LA-GLP-1RAs compared with exenatide twice daily and sitagliptin (weighted mean difference [WMD] –0.47% [95% CI –0.69 to –0.25] and WMD –0.60% [95% CI –0.75 to –0.45], respectively). Odds ratios greater than 1 favored LA-GLP-1RAs for reaching the A1C target goal of less than 7%. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was reduced and favored the LA-GLP-1RA–based regimens. Exenatide demonstrated significantly greater reductions in postprandial glucose (PPG) after the morning and evening meals, compared with LA-GLP-1RAs. Body weight was reduced similarly between LA-GLP-1RAs and exenatide, but favored LA-GLP-1RAs in the sitagliptin comparator trials. LA-GLP-1RA therapy was not associated with severe hypoglycemia or acute pancreatitis. Compared with exenatide twice daily, vomiting was reduced significantly with LA-GLP-1RAs (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.89); there was a trend toward decreased nausea (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.06) and no difference in the incidence of diarrhea (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.58).

Conclusions:

Compared with other incretin-based therapies, LA-GLP-1RAs produce greater improvement in A1C and FPG. They provide lesser effect on PPG, similar reduction in body weight, and result in a potentially favorable adverse event profile compared with exenatide twice daily.
Influence of Intravenous Opioid Dose on Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Barletta Jeffrey F , Asgeirsson Theodor , Senagore Anthony J
Published: July 2011

Background:

Intravenous opioids represent a major component in the pathophysiology of postoperative ileus (POI). However, the most appropriate measure and threshold to quantify the association between opioid dose (eg, average daily, cumulative, maximum daily) and POI remains unknown.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between opioid dose, POI, and length of stay (LOS) and identify the opioid measure that was most strongly associated with POI,

Methods:

Consecutive patients admitted to a community teaching hospital who underwent elective colorectal surgery by any technique with an enhanced-recovery protocol postoperatively were retrospectively identified. Patients were excluded if they received epidural analgesia, developed a major intraabdominal complication or medical complication, or had a prolonged workup prior to surgery. Intravenous opioid doses were quantified and converted to hydromorphone equivalents. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to determine the dosing threshold for the opioid measure most associated with POI and define high versus low use of opioids. Risk factors for POI and prolonged LOS were determined through multivariate analysis.

Results:

The incidence of POI in 279 patients was 8.6%. CART analysis identified a maximum daily intravenous hydromorphone dose of 2 mg or more as the opioid measure most associated with POI. Multivariate analysis revealed maximum daily hydromorphone dose of 2 mg or more (p = 0.034), open surgical technique (p = 0.045), and days of intravenous narcotic therapy (p = 0.003) as significant risk factors for POI. Variables associated with increased LOS were POI (p < 0.001), maximum daily hydromorphone dose of 2 mg or more (p < 0.001), and age (p = 0.005); laparoscopy (p < 0.001) was associated with a decreased LOS.

Conclusions:

Intravenous opioid therapy is significantly associated with POI and prolonged LOS, particularly when the maximum hydromorphone dose per day exceeds 2 mg. Clinicians should consider alternative, nonopioid-based pain management options when this occurs.
Tigecycline for the Treatment of Severe Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Larson Kelly C , Belliveau Paul P , Spooner Linda M
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To evaluate the evidence for the use of tigecycline in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Data Sources:

Searches were performed (2004 to June 2011), using the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, with the terms tigecycline, Tygacil, Clostridium difficile, C. difficile, Clostridium difficile infection, and CDI.

Study Selection:

Six case reports that described the use of tigecycline for treatment of CDI were included for review. No clinical trials were identified.

Data Synthesis:

In all case reports except 1, tigecycline (alone or in combination with other CDI therapies) was used for the treatment of CDI that was refractory to metronidazole and/or vancomycin. In 6 of the cases, treatment success was reported following initiation of tigecycline therapy; 1 patient died following a complicated hospitalization. The treatment duration with tigecycline was 2-4 weeks. In the cases with successful outcomes, symptoms began to improve within 1 week. None of these patients experienced recurrence during follow-up of various lengths. In vitro studies demonstrated a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration range for tigecycline of 0.016-0.25 mg/L for all C. difficile isolates. Tgecycline exhibited good fecal penetration because of primary biliary excretion of unchanged drug. Up to 59% of the dose is recovered in feces following administration over 4 days in healthy volunteers.

Conclusions:

Case reports have suggested that tigecycline may be successful for treatment of severe or severe complicated CDI, when prior therapy has failed. Data demonstrating tigecycline use as initial therapy for CDI are limited; therefore, this option should be reserved for patients in whom other therapeutic options, including metronidazole and vancomycin, have failed. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the safety and efficacy of tigecycline in this patient population and better define the drug's role in the treatment of CDI.
Stereoselective binding of chiral anti-diabetic drug nateglinide to plasma proteins
Authors: Maddi Srinivas , Scriba Gerhard , Yamsani Madhusudan Rao
Published: July 2011

The binding of nateglinide (NA) enantiomers with human plasma (HP), human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated. The protein binding was studied over a drug concentration range of 5–100 μM at a protein concentration of 600 μM. Unbound drug concentrations were determined by direct chiral liquid chromatography using chiralcel OJ-RH column. At therapeutic drug concentrations, the protein binding of each enantiomer was >98%. The results showed that the binding of NA enantiomers was stereoselective, mutually competitive and non-linear. The binding characteristics were, however, opposite for the two most important plasma binding proteins. Opposite stereo-selectivity was observed between BSA and HSA while stereo-selectivity was identical between HSA and HP. Scatchard analysis was used to illustrate the different binding affinities of NA enantiomers to BSA, HSA and HP. The interaction between enantiomers observed in HP and serum albumins was confirmed as a competitive type interaction at the high affinity site. Scatchard analysis was used to illustrate the different binding affinities of NA enantiomers to BSA, HSA and HP.
Towards understanding the nurse/research interaction
Authors: Shahtahmasebi Said , McNamara Nancy
Published: July 2011

There is a lack of clarity in the literature about what nursing research is or ought to be. There are ample guidelines and texts on how to do nursing research and on syllabus development and countless arguments on why nursing research is synonymous with qualitative approach. This suggests concerns within the profession that nursing research has been developing in a direction of its own that could have had very little influence on health care policy development. Some claim the opposite that nursing practice, in particular in North America, has been evidence-based for the past three decades. In this context, evidence-based is often interpreted as taking part in randomised clinical trials. In this paper, we use historical observations to identify areas of interest which include all issues related to education and training, expertise and working environment for future research.
Transatlantic Fuentes: Between “The Two Shores” of Multiculturalism and Glossocentrism
Authors: Ribas Alberto
Published: July 2011

The cultural program that Jerónimo de Aguilar pronounces at the end of Carlos Fuentes's short story “The Two Shores” appears to be inconsistent with the fundamentals of democratic liberalism and multiculturalism upon which they are ostensibly based. Furthermore, cultural visions like those in “The Two Shores” lend signifying imagery and empower cultural institutions, the media, and political authorities to exert symbolic violence upon minorities, thereby negating the multiculturalism that such visions claim to be promoting.
Gender and Poetry Writing in the Light of Mexico's Liberal Victory, 1867-ca. 1890
Authors: Easterling Stuart
Published: July 2011

This article studies the relationship between gender and poetry writing as it was understood by Mexican poets and critics of the late nineteenth-century. From 1867 on they were witness to a renaissance in Mexican literary and intellectual life, which included a significant increase in writing and publishing by women. In this period, influential men of letters encouraged their peers to produce an explicitly masculine verse, one connected to formal politics and Mexican patriotism. However, both male and female poets also sought inspiration from a different Muse: that of female domesticity, and the seclusion, sentimentality and emotion they associated with it. This ideal of domesticity created constraints for Mexican women who wished to write, constraints which they both accepted and challenged in verse and in prose.
The molecular basis of mouse sperm–zona pellucida binding: a still unresolved issue in developmental biology
Authors: Clark Gary F
Published: July 2011

During murine fertilization, sperm bind to the specialized extracellular matrix of the egg, known as the zona pellucida (ZP). This matrix is composed of three major glycoproteins designated ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. Three models for sperm–ZP binding are now under consideration. The domain-specific model posits that adhesion relies primarily on interactions betweenN-glycans located within the C-terminal domain of ZP3 and a lectin-like egg-binding protein in the sperm plasma membrane. However, this model does not explain recent results obtained in studies withZP2mutmice. In the supramolecular structure model, sperm bind to a three-dimensional zona matrix that depends on the cleavage status of ZP2. This paradigm does not explain the potent inhibitory effect of specific carbohydrate sequences or a C-terminal glycopeptide (gp55) derived from ZP3. Recently,O-glycans linked at Thr155and Thr162of ZP3 were implicated as potential ligands that mediate initial sperm–ZP binding. This novel model will be reviewed. A major challenge is to develop an alternate model for sperm–ZP binding that fits as much of the data as possible. Such a model is presented in this review. This paradigm could explain how the inability to cleaveZP2mutinZP2mutmice could result in continued sperm binding to two-cell stage embryos without the formation of a supramolecular binding complex. These novel insights should guide future experiments that will eventually determine the molecular basis underlying gamete binding in the mouse and other eutherian mammals.
A case of hepatic carcinoid in a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Žele Diana , Gombač Mitja , Švara Tanja , Vengušt Gorazd
Published: July 2011

A carcinoid tumour in the liver of a red deer hind (Cervus elaphus) is described. Macroscopically, the liver was considerably enlarged with multifocal, firm, yellow and red nodular neoplastic masses, which were histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic carcinoids. The diagnosis was confirmed by modified Grimelius staining, which demonstrated numerous small argyrophilic granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and by immunohistochemistry. The neoplastic cells gave a strong positive reaction for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin and a weak positive reaction for chromogranin A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hepatic carcinoid in red deer.
Effect of cadmium injected in ovo on hatching results and the activity of plasma hydrolytic enzymes in newly hatched chicks
Authors: Dżugan Małgorzata , Lis Marcin , Droba Maria , Niedziółka Jerzy
Published: July 2011

The aim of the study was to determine the toxicity of cadmium ions in chick embryos, using plasma hydrolytic enzyme as its biomarker. Hatching eggs (n = 300) from Ross 308 broilers were incubated under standard conditions. On day 4 of incubation, 50 μl of saline solution, containing Cd ions at a concentration from 0 (control group) to 24 μg, was injectedin ovointo the egg albumen. The results indicate that the administration of cadmium at doses exceeding 1 μg/egg caused a gradual decrease in hatchability, with an LD50of 3.9 μg/egg. The greatest differences between the groups in the enzymatic activities studied were found for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β-D-mannosidase (β-MAN) and arylsulphatase (ARYL). Compared to the control group, in the blood serum of chicks from the groups receiving 3, 6 and 12 μg Cd/egg the NAG activity increased by 79, 108 and 54% and β-MAN activity by 33, 119 and 108%, respectively. Exposure to cadmium at a dose of 1 to 6 μg per egg caused an about 60% increase in ARYL activity while a dose of 12 μg decreased the activity by about 35% below the level observed in the control group. These findings show that cadmium has a similar toxicity mechanism in mammals and birds, which opens the possibility of using NAG activity as a biomarker of the cytotoxic effect of cadmium in birds.
An old-new illicit drug – mephedrone
Authors: Tóth Anita Réka , Hideg Zsuzsanna , Institóris László
Published: July 2011

New natural and synthetic compounds are continuously introduced into the illicit drug market. Their origin, composition, main and side-effects are often not exactly known by the users themselves. Thus, the control of these substances is extremely difficult. Aims: In year 2008, a new synthetic drug called mephedrone (2-metilamino-1-(4-metilfenil) propan-1-on) appeared in Hungary. This work summarizes its frequency in biological samples investigated for illicit drugs, and experiences of the medical examination of mephedrone-users. Methods: Toxicological analyses of biological samples (urine and/or blood) were carried by GC-MS at the Institute of National Toxicology and at Department of Forensic Medicine, University Szeged. Results: Altogether 5386 samples were analyzed in 2010 (4922 in Budapest and 464 in Szeged), and mephedrone was identified in 363 cases (7%). Conclusions: mephedrone is banned in Hungary since 1st of January 2011 but it still present in the illegal drug market. At present we do not have sufficient experience with its long-term effects, tolerance, addiction, withdrawal symptoms or toxic dose. Thus, it is difficult to establish whether addiction and/or mental disorder occurred. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1192–1196.
Posição ordinal dos filhos, sexo e esquizofrenia
Authors: Térzis Antonios I.
Published: July 2011

O presente estudo investigou a hipótese de associação entre a posição ordinal dos filhos dentro de sua prole e a prevalência da esquizofrenia. Para examinar o objetivo acima proposto, foram observados 404 pacientes esquizofrênicos (201 do sexo masculino e 203 do sexo feminino) que estavam internados em 5 hospitais da área metropolitana de São Paulo. O método estatístico utilizado, que permitiu a análise dos efeitos da ordem de nascimento sobre a prevalência de esquizofrenia, foi o de Greenwood-Yule. Verificou-se que existe associação entre ordem de nascimento e esquizofrenia e que esta relação pode ser descrita em termos de um excesso de primogênitos esquizofrênicos, tanto masculinos como femininos.
Cholinesterase activity of lamellated sensory corpuscles in the rat lip
Authors: Watanabe II-Sei , Ide Chizuka
Published: July 2011

Non-specific cholinesterase (ChE) activity was demonstrated in lamellated sensory corpuscles of the rat lip by light and electron microscopy using Karnovsky and Root's method. ChE activity was present in the interlamellar spaces between neighbouring lamellae as well as in the periaxonal space between axon terminals and their adjacent lamellae. Reaction products of ChE activity were also deposited in some caveolae of the lamellar cell plasma membrane, and in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the nuclear envelope of lamellar cell bodies. No definite reaction products were detected within the axon terminals. These findings show that the lamellated corpuscles in the rat lip, like other mechanoreceptors, have an intense ChE activity which is mainly associated with lamellar cells. It can be said that ChE histochemistry is useful to detect mechanoreceptors. The functional significance of ChE in mechanoreceptors is discussed.
Necessidades de orientação de enfermagem para o autocuidado de clientes em terapia de hemodiálise
Authors: Santos Iraci dos , Rocha Renata de Paula Faria , Berardinelli Lina Márcia Miguéis
Published: July 2011

Objetivo: identificar necessidades de orientação de enfermagem para o autocuidado de clientes em hemodiálise. Método: Pesquisa descritiva-exploratória cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual com clientes em terapia de hemodiálise, utilizando as concepções de Orem. Resultados: 43 clientes foram incluídos no sistema de autocuidado totalmente compensatório para as necessidades de orientação: terapia nutricional, ingestão de líquidos, complicações da hemodiálise, anticoagulação, prática de atividade física; problemas emocionais, associação a grupos e atividades de lazer. Conclusão: A enfermeira, ao administrar as sessões de hemodiálise, é fundamental na orientação dos clientes e familiares. Seu apoio ao cliente no enfrentamento e tratamento da doença renal crônica contribui para que este adquira competência e habilidades nas ações de autocuidado e consequentemente favoreça sua qualidade de vida.
Demandas institucionais e demandas do cuidado no gerenciamento de enfermeiros em um pronto socorro
Authors: Montezelli Juliana Helena , Peres Aida Maris , Bernardino Elizabeth
Published: July 2011

Objetivo: Caracterizar as atividades gerenciais do enfermeiro em um pronto-socorro. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada de fevereiro a abril de 2009 por entrevista semi-estrututrada com oito enfermeiros de um pronto-socorro em um hospital-escola de Curitiba, PR, Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: Gerência voltada para atender às demandas institucionais, que salienta a ênfase às atividades burocráticas exigidas do enfermeiro por parte do hospital; e Gerência voltada para atender às demandas do cuidado de enfermagem, que prioriza o cuidado como foco da atividade gerencial. Conclusão: O estudo atingiu seu objetivo e coadunou os achados da literatura de que a cisão entre cuidado e gerenciamento não encontra eco na atuação do enfermeiro em um pronto-socorro.
Os significados de saúde na relação sexual para mulheres assistidas pelo SUS na cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Cunha Magnus Kelly Moura da , Spyrides Maria Helena Constantino , Sousa Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as representações sociais acerca de "saúde nas relações sexuais" de mulheres atendidas pelo SUS. Cento e cinquenta pesquisadas foram submetidas ao Teste de Evocação Livre de Palavras (TELP), adotando-se como estímulo "saúde nas relações sexuais". As mulheres foram questionadas também a respeito da origem das informações acessíveis sobre o tema. Os resultados foram obtidos utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo e o programa EVOC. Foram identificadas três dimensões representacionais: prevenção, relação com o parceiro e qualidade de vida. O núcleo central da representação social mostrou-se constituído pelos elementos prevenção e camisinha. As prováveis fontes doadoras de elementos para a representação foram a TV, a unidade de saúde e as interlocuções com a família e o parceiro. As representações são compostas por conceitos relativos à prevenção, à boa relação com o parceiro e ao bem-estar geral. Esses resultados são indicadores da necessidade de ampliação dos aspectos abordados pelo SUS em relação à saúde sexual feminina.
The relationship between levels of income inequality and dental caries and periodontal diseases
Authors: Celeste Roger Keller , Fritzell Johan , Nadanovsky Paulo
Published: July 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between income inequality at a lagged time of 2 and 11 years with two short latency outcomes (untreated dental caries and gingivitis) and two long latency outcomes (edentulism and periodontal attachment loss > 8mm). We used data from the Brazilian oral health survey in 2002-2003. Our analysis included 13,405 subjects aged 35-44 years. Different lagged Gini at municipal level were fitted using logistic and negative binomial multilevel analyses. Covariates included municipal per capita income, equivalized income, age, sex, time since last dental visit and place of residence (rural versus urban). Crude estimates showed that only untreated dental caries was associated with current and lagged Gini, but in adjusted models only current Gini remained significant with a ratio of 1.19 (95%CI: 1.09-1.30) for every ten-point increase in the Gini coefficient. We conclude that lagged Gini showed no association with oral health; and current income Gini was associated with current dental caries but not with periodontal disease.
Germinação de sementes osmocondicionadas e não osmocondicionadas e crescimento inicial de Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) em ambientes salinos
Authors: Souza Manuela Oliveira de , Souza Cíntia Luiza Mascarenhas de , Pelacani Claudinéia Regina
Published: July 2011

O gênero Physalis pertencente à família Solanaceae, possui 110 espécies, das quais 11 ocorrem no Brasil. Physalis angulata L. destaca-se no gênero pela presença de vitaesteróides, principalmente as fisalinas, encontradas em raízes, caules e folhas, com propriedades imunomoduladora, antimicrobiana e anticancerígena. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a germinabilidade de sementes osmocondicionadas e não osmocondicionadas e o crescimento inicial de P. angulata em ambientes salinos. Foram realizados experimentos nos quais as sementes foram submetidas ao osmocondicionamento (PEG 6000) e colocadas para germinar em soluções com diferentes concentrações de NaCl (2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14 e 16 dS m-1). O controle (0 dS m-1) foi realizado com água destilada. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a germinabilidade das sementes, o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes (IVG), o coeficiente de uniformidade de germinação e a massa seca total das plântulas. Houve diminuição da germinabilidade e do IVG, em ambos os tratamentos. No entanto, as sementes osmocondicionadas apresentaram maior tolerância ao estresse salino. Apesar da redução significativa da massa seca em relação ao aumento da salinidade do meio, o osmocondicionamento como tratamento pré-germinativo poderia ser utilizado para favorecer a tolerância ao estresse salino, uma vez que a germinabilidade foi maior para sementes osmocondicionadas.
Desempenho germinativo da invasora Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. e comparação com Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex Tul. e Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Fonseca Nilson Gonçalves da , Jacobi Claudia Maria
Published: July 2011

O sucesso das plantas na colonização de novas áreas está fortemente relacionado ao comportamento germinativo das sementes nas condições ambientais locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho germinativo da exótica invasora Leucaena leucocephala ao das leguminosas (Caesalpinia ferrea, nativa e C. pulcherrima, exótica) não consideradas invasoras. Sementes não escarificadas foram expostas às temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 °C, sob um fotoperíodo de 12 horas, durante 100 dias. Tanto a porcentagem final quanto a velocidade de germinação apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as três espécies. C. ferrea teve baixo desempenho, com temperatura ótima para a germinação a 25°C, porcentagem de germinação de 59% e IVG de 0,68 sementes d-1. Já C. pulcherrima, apresentou altas porcentagens de germinação em todas as temperaturas testadas, com faixa ótima entre 20-40 °C. As sementes de L. leucocephala apresentaram as menores porcentagens de germinação e temperatura ótima de 35 °C. O desempenho germinativo desta exótica não se sobressai ao das demais espécies estudadas e fatores como a pressão de propágulos, escarificação natural e bom desempenho em outras fases da vida devem contribuir para seu perfil de invasora.
Aplicação da ultrassonografia colorida doppler em programas de transferência de embriões equinos
Authors: Ferreira Jair Camargo , Meira Cezinande de
Published: July 2011

Os programas comerciais de transferência de embriões em éguas existem por mais de três décadas e são hoje uma das biotécnias mais utilizadas na reprodução assistida de equinos. O exame ultrassonográfico nos períodos pré e pós-cobertura de doadoras de embriões, assim como a avaliação de receptoras no momento da inovulação é de vital importância para o êxito de um programa de transferência de embriões. A ultrassonografia Doppler é uma técnica não-invasiva que permite a avaliação em tempo real da hemodinâmica do trato reprodutivo de animais de grande porte. Por fornecer detalhes anatômicos e informações imediatas sobre a fisiologia do fluxo sanguíneo de tecidos e órgãos, o exame doppler permite a avaliação do potencial ovulatório de folículos e do status funcional de corpo lúteo e útero, além de ser uma técnica auxiliar para o diagnóstico de distúrbios na hemodinâmica do sistema reprodutivo. Alterações na perfusão sanguínea dos futuros folículos dominantes são detectáveis em diferentes fases de seu desenvolvimento, como na divergência folicular e no período pré-ovulatório. A partir dessas informações, é possível determinar o princípio da atividade sexual e o momento ideal para o início de tratamentos superovulatórios e indutores de ovulação, assim como o momento mais apropriado para a realização de coberturas de éguas doadoras de embriões. A avaliação através do modo-Doppler do corpo lúteo e útero de éguas receptoras é também um instrumento auxiliar para a seleção de animais com perfil sérico de progesterona e ambiente uterino adequados para a sobrevivência do embrião e manutenção da gestação. Essa técnica pode ser útil ainda ao se avaliar a interação concepto-maternal. Apesar da aplicabilidade da tecnologia doppler dentro de programas de transferência de embriões, novos estudos visando a determinar padrões de normalidade e posterior caracterização de distúrbios de fluxo sanguíneo de trato reprodutivo ainda se fazem necessários.
Crianças e Adolescentes em Situação de Rua e seus Macro Determinantes
Authors: Ferreira Frederico Poley Martins
Published: July 2011

Este trabalho está baseado nos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada simultaneamente em 20 cidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2007, que teve como objeto de análise todas as crianças e adolescentes com idade até 18 anos incompletos que morassem ou estivessem exercendo qualquer tipo de trabalho nas ruas, nos diversos períodos do dia (manhã, tarde ou noite), durante uma semana de referência. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de algumas características agregadas de cada município ao respectivo número de crianças identificadas. Através de regressões lineares multivariadas foram correlacionadas a proporção de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua em relação aos diferentes Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) e seus diversos componentes. Os resultados foram significativos, em especial no que se refere às variáveis "escolaridade dos adultos" e "longevidade". Entre as principais conclusões tem-se que parecem existir fatores ou características de caráter comunitário que propiciam ou não a maior ocorrência de crianças trabalhando nas ruas.
O que dizem os pacientes dos serviços privados de Radiologia, Portugal
Authors: Silva Carla Regina Rodrigues Guerra , Rodrigues Vitor Manuel Costa Pereira
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVO: A satisfação do cliente tem vindo a afirmar-se como uma das áreas prioritárias na avaliação da qualidade nos cuidados de saúde. O principal objectivo desta investigação é conhecer o nível de satisfação dos pacientes dos serviços privados de radiologia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo numa amostra de 213 pacientes do Conselho de Vila Real (Portugal). RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos pacientes efectuou exames de mamografia; mais de 50% dos inquiridos esperou mais de uma semana desde o dia da marcação até ao dia em que ia efectuar o exame. Os inquiridos encontram-se satisfeitos com a qualidade da maioria dos serviços prestados, expressando vontade em voltar e recomendar os serviços a outras pessoas. Referiram a existência de lacunas na relação e comunicação, organização dos serviços, informação e apoio e organização do espaço físico. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo é importante na monitoração e garantia da qualidade e para expressar a percepção dos clientes.
Conselho de segurança alimentar e nutricional: análise do controle social sobre a política estadual de segurança alimentar e nutricional no Estado do Espírito Santo
Authors: Siqueira Renata Lopes de , Fonseca Débora de Andrade , Viana Mariana Nogueira , Junqueira Túlio da Silva , Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Lanes , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre
Published: July 2011

A fome, as carências nutricionais específicas e todas as outras formas de manifestação de insegurança alimentar não são fenômenos recentes, assim como a preocupação em estancá-las. Para tanto, ao longo dos anos, o conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional foi reformulado e ampliado, e a atual concepção prima não somente por preservar, mas ampliar o princípio de controle social na formulação e no monitoramento das ações de segurança alimentar e nutricional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o controle social do Conselho de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional do Espírito Santo em relação à política estadual de SAN, por meio da análise de seu regimento interno; das deliberações contidas nas atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias do conselho e da avaliação complementar da frequência dos conselheiros representantes das entidades. Observou-se uma predominância de deliberações sobre a organização da estrutura e dinâmica interna e informe, em relação às deliberações sobre o monitoramento, as propostas e as ações de SAN. Constatou-se também quantidade significativa de ausências dos conselheiros representativos das entidades civis e do estado nas reuniões do conselho. Conclui-se que embora o Conselho se constitua em uma importante estratégia de controle social na realização das políticas de SAN no Estado, essa participação ainda não tem sido realizada de forma plena.
Análise produtiva e econômica do pimentão-vermelho irrigado com diferentes lâminas, cultivado em ambiente protegido
Authors: Carvalho Jacinto de A. , Rezende Fátima C. , Aquino Reinaldo F. , Freitas Wellington A. de , Oliveira Eduardo C.
Published: July 2011

O manejo da irrigação é importante não apenas por suprir as necessidades hídricas das culturas mas, também, por minimizar os problemas de doenças, lixiviação de nutrientes e gastos com consumo de água e energia. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, uma avaliação técnica e econômica da produção do pimentão-vermelho em função de lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi instalado em ambiente protegido, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos de reposição de água no solo (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150%) e quatro repetições. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o número de frutos por planta, o peso médio dos frutos e, consequentemente, a produção por planta, foram afetados pelos níveis de reposição de água no solo. A máxima produtividade foi de 35.300 kg ha-1 com a aplicação de 443,9 mm e a lâmina ótima econômica foi estimada em 443,5 mm. Os maiores retornos econômicos são obtidos mantendo a cultura com umidade próxima da capacidade de campo, repondo integralmente a quantidade de água consumida. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi estimada em 74,76 kg ha-1 mm-1, com a aplicação de 334,1 mm.
Determinação da equação intensidade-duração-frequência para três estações meteorológicas do Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Garcia Samantha S. , Amorim Ricardo S. S. , Couto Eduardo G. , Stopa Werico H.
Published: July 2011

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, determinar a equação intensidade-duração-frequência para três estações meteorológicas pertencentes à rede hidrometeorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), no Estado de Mato Grosso (Cáceres, Cuiabá e Rondonópolis) utilizando-se as metodologias de análise de pluviogramas, desagregação de chuvas de 24 h e de Bell e comparar as estimativas da intensidade de precipitação aplicando-se as equações obtidas através dessas metodologias. Dados pluviográficos e pluviométricos foram utilizados para obtenção da equação de chuvas intensas. As séries históricas de intensidades máximas médias de precipitação, correspondentes às diversas durações, foram submetidas à análise estatística a fim de identificar o modelo probabilístico que apresentasse melhor ajuste aos dados, sendo esta identificação realizada utilizando-se o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov a nível de significância de 5%. O método da Desagregação não só apresentou melhor desempenho global (ERM = 27%) em comparação ao de Bell (ERM = 31%), como possui melhor desempenho em estações com séries mais longas mostrando-se, assim, mais sensível ao tamanho da série em relação ao método de Bell.
Crescimento e produção do pinhão-manso irrigado com água residuária sob condições de estresse hídrico
Authors: Silva Maria B. R. , Fernandes Pedro D. , Dantas Neto José , Nery Aparecida R. , Rodrigues Luis N. , Viégas Ricardo A.
Published: July 2011

O pinhão-manso é uma espécie nativa do Brasil, da família das Euforbiáceae. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de reposição da evapotranspiração sob as variáveis de crescimento e produção do pinhão-manso irrigado com efluente de esgoto doméstico. O experimento foi desenvolvido em lisímetros de drenagem sob ambiente protegido. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições; estudaram-se cinco níveis de reposição de água (Nr1 = 0,25; Nr2 = 0,50; Nr3 = 0,75, Nr4 =1,00 e Nr5 = 1,25 da evapotranspiração) e a altura das plantas, o diâmetro caulinar, o número de folhas, a área foliar e o número de cachos. A unidade experimental foi constituída pela média de duas plantas cultivadas em lisímetros separados. O solo utilizado como substrato foi um Argissolo não-salino, franco-arenoso. As irrigações foram realizadas a cada dois dias e o volume de água aplicado em cada tratamento foi determinado através de balanço hídrico, tomando-se por base o nível Nr4, 100% de reposição da evapotranspiração. O estresse hídrico ocasionou efeito significativo em todas as variáveis estudadas, indicando sensibilidade do pinhão-manso ao baixo teor de umidade do solo.
Meat quality of lambs fed silk flower hay (Calotropis procera SW) in the diet
Authors: Costa Roberto Germano , Silva Nelson Vieira da , Azevedo Paulo Sérgio de , Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes de , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Queiroga Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto , Medeiros Geovergue Rodrigues de
Published: July 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of using silk flower hay replacing corn and soybean meal on physical-chemical and sensorial traits of lamb meat. It was used 32 intact Morada Nova male lambs (12.7 ± 2 kg initial body weigth) on feedlot system, distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels (0, 15, 30 and 45% on dry matter basis). The use of silk flower hay in the diet influenced quality of meat and carcass, leg weight, tissue composition, moisture, juiciness and flavor. Replacing corn (26.67%) and soybean (3.33%) with silk flower hay does not affect the tissue composition, ratios and muscularity index of leg and physical-chemical parameters of semimembranosus muscle of Morada Nova lambs.
Effect of short period feed supplementation during early lactation on performance of cows and calves raised in extensive system
Authors: Brauner Cássio Cassal , Pimentel Marcelo Alves , Menezes Leonardo de Melo , Machado Jean Pierre Martins , Moraes José Carlos Ferrugem
Published: July 2011

Thirty-two multiparous Angus cows at moderate body condition score (3 in a 1-5 scale) received feed supplementation at the beginning of lactation for a short time to determine the effect on milk yield and composition and on performance of cows and calves. Supplementation started on days 22 ± 3.2 after calving. The cows were randomly distributed into two groups (n =16), one group receiving feed supplementation for 35 days (supplemented group), and the other without supplementation (control group). Each cow received 0.6% of its body weight in individual troughs daily. Both groups were kept in native pasture condition during supplementation period. Milk yield evaluation, performance of cows and calves were controlled on day 0 (initial), day 14 (middle) and day 35 (final) of the supplementation period. There was no effect of feed supplementation on milk yield or on any other milk component in both groups, and on calf performance as well. Milk composition differed among periods, when fat was the highest in the middle of supplementation and lactose was the highest in the end of the period. Supplemented cows presented more daily average weight gain at the final period of supplementation than cows from the control group. Beef cow with moderate body condition score can gain weight during the lactation period as a response to increase of energy availability in a short period without any influence on milk production and composition as well as a consequence on calf performance.
Fishes from the Itapecuru River basin, State of Maranhão, northeast Brazil
Authors: Barros MC , Fraga EC , Birindelli JLO
Published: July 2011

The Itapecuru is a relatively large river in the northeastern Brazilian state of Maranhão. During several expeditions to this basin, we collected 69 fish species belonging to 65 genera, 29 families and 10 orders. Characiformes and Siluriformes were the orders with the largest number of species and Characidae, Loricariidae, Cichlidae, Auchenipteridae and Pimelodidae were the richest families. About 30% of the fish fauna of the Itapecuru basin is endemic or restricted to northeastern Brazil. Just over a fifth (22%) of the species is also known to occur in the Amazon basin and only a few are more widely distributed in South American.
Taxonomic considerations on the genera Moneuptychia Forster and Carminda Dias, reval. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: Dias MM
Published: July 2011

Euptychia soter Butler, 1877, the type species of Moneuptychia Forster, 1964, is compared to Satyrus paeon Godart, 1824, the type species of Carminda Dias, 1998. The male genitalia and wing design patterns of these species are dealt with. Some additional data from other species from both genera are also presented. The morphological comparisons carried out in this study indicate that Carminda is not a junior synonym of Moneuptychia. Thus, Carminda is revalidated.
Patterns of early colony development (astogeny) in four genera of trepostome bryozoans from the Upper Ordovician
Authors: Pachut Joseph F. , Fisherkeller Peggy
Published: July 2011

The early astogeny of specimens representing the bryozoan generaDekayia, Parvohallopora, Heterotrypa, andHomotrypellafollows the same pattern documented in other Ordovician trepostomes. After larval settlement and metamorphosis, typically three primary, periancestrular, autozooids bud distally from the founder zooid, the ancestrula, with secondary zooids budding from the primaries, tertiary zooids from the secondaries, and so on. Progressive lateral displacement of buds, through backbudding, eventually produces a subcircular ancestrular disk. Significant intergeneric differences in this basic pattern do not appear to exist. Intrageneric variability in budding pattern occurs during colony development. That variability might have resulted from any or all of the following sources: within-genus plasticity, the development of multiple ancestrulae, or environmental variation. The basic pattern of three primary buds developed from individual ancestrulae has been recognized in other trepostomes, some cyclostomes, and two suborders of cryptostomes. Cladistically, the trait must be considered polyphyletic until more is known about the number of primary buds in the remaining bryozoan suborders. Ancestrular dimensions are statistically similar across genera except between the smallerDekayiaand largerParvohallopora, but ancestrular sizes in all four Dillsboro genera are consistent with the inference that they possessed a polyembryonic lecithotrophic larval type.
Polygnathus bagialensis, new name for the homonymous P. praetrigonicus Savage, 1995, and Polygnathus abbessensis, new name for the homonymous P. borealis Savage, 1995 (Conodontes, Polygnathidae)
Authors: Savage Norman M.
Published: July 2011

Savage (1995, p. 550, figure 8.8, 8.9) named a conodont Polygnathus praetrigonicus from the Middle Devonian Wadleigh Limestone, southeastern Alaska. This name is now known to be a junior homonym of Polygnathus praetrigonicus Bardashev (1992, p. 56, 57, pl. 2, figs. 32–34), a taxon from the Middle Devonian of the Zeravshan Range, southern Tien-Shan. The southeastern Alaskan fossil is clearly a different species and I here rename it as Polygnathus bagialensis after Port Bagial, near Alberto Island from where the holotype of the species was collected.
Fast, Easy, and Publication‐Quality Ecological Analyses with PC‐ORD
Authors: Peck JeriLynn E.
Published: July 2011

The recent version 6 release of the software PC‐ORD Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data (MjM Software 〈www.pcord.com〉) earns a solid A grade for ease of use, comprehensiveness of analysis tools, and excellent graphing capabilities. New features in version 6 include the addition of several analysis tools (PCoA, RDA, SumF), the enhancement of others (partial Mantel test, orthogonal rotation in NMS), additional graphing features (boxplots, convex hulls) and new options that finally make importing data from Excel easy.
Coexistence of oceanic predators on wintering areas explained by population‐scale foraging segregation in space or time
Authors: Thiebot Jean-Baptiste , Cherel Yves , Trathan Philip N. , Bost Charles-André
Published: July 2011

Ecological niche theory predicts segregation mechanisms that mitigate potential competition between closely related organisms. However, little is known outside the breeding season, when central‐place foraging animals may move on larger scales. This study tested for segregation mechanisms within the same 2007 inter‐breeding period on three neighboring populations of avian predators from the southern Indian Ocean: Eastern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes filholi from Crozet and Kerguelen and Northern Rockhopper Penguins E. moseleyi from Amsterdam. Using state‐of‐the‐art geolocation tracking and stable isotope analysis techniques, we quantified and compared the ecological niches in time, space, and diet. The three populations showed large‐scale movements over deep oceanic waters near the Subantarctic Front, with generally little individual variation. The two neighboring populations of Eastern Rockhopper Penguins showed strikingly distinct distribution in space, while foraging in similar habitats and at the same trophic level (crustacean‐eaters). In contrast, Northern Rockhoppers showed marked spatial overlap with birds of the sibling Eastern species, but their temporal delay of two months enabled them to effectively avoid significant overlap. Our results highlight parsimonious mechanisms of resource partitioning operating at the population level that may explain how animals from neighboring localities can coexist during the nonbreeding period.
On Arbitrary sets andZFC
Authors: Ferreirós José
Published: July 2011

Set theory deals with the most fundamental existence questions in mathematics-questions which affect other areas of mathematics, from the real numbers to structures of all kinds, but which are posed as dealing with the existence of sets. Especially noteworthy are principles establishing the existence of some infinite sets, the so-called “arbitrary sets.” This paper is devoted to an analysis of the motivating goal of studying arbitrary sets, usually referred to under the labels ofquasi-combinatorialismorcombinatorial maximality. After explaining what is meant by definability and by “arbitrariness,” a first historical part discusses the strong motives why set theory was conceived as a theory of arbitrary sets, emphasizing connections with analysis and particularly with the continuum of real numbers. Judged from this perspective, the axiom of choice stands out as a most central and natural set-theoretic principle (in the sense of quasi-combinatorialism). A second part starts by considering the potential mismatch between the formal systems of mathematics and their motivating conceptions, and proceeds to offer an elementary discussion of how far the Zermelo–Fraenkel system goes in laying out principles that capture the idea of “arbitrary sets”. We argue that the theory is rather poor in this respect.
Alan Turing and the Foundations of Computable Analysis
Authors: Gherardi Guido
Published: July 2011

We investigate Turing's contributions to computability theory for real numbers and real functions presented in [22, 24, 26]. In particular, it is shown how two fundamental approaches to computable analysis, the so-called ‘Type-2 Theory of Effectivity’ (TTE) and the ‘realRAM machine’ model, have their foundations in Turing's work, in spite of the two incompatible notions of computability they involve. It is also shown, by contrast, how the modern conceptual tools provided by these two paradigms allow a systematic interpretation of Turing's pioneering work in the subject.