bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of visual encounter surveys as a method for the rapid assessment of fish presence and relative density in high mountain lakes
Authors: Tiberti Rocco , Buchaca Teresa , Cruset Eloi , Iacobelli Laura , Maini Melissa , Osorio Víctor , Puig Mariàngels , Pou‐Rovira Quim , Sabás Ibor , Ventura Marc
Published: August 2022

Introduced fish are a widespread ecological threat in originally fishless high mountain lakes. However, basic distribution data are largely missing for most high mountain regions.

Using time‐consuming standard methods (e.g. Nordic standard fishing nets) to assess fish distribution and relative densities at a relevant spatial scale can be impracticable, because of the large number of high mountain lakes. To overcome this problem, alternative rapid monitoring methods would be helpful.

Visual encounter survey (VES) is a candidate method that enables observing fish from the shoreline. It takes only minutes to implement and is already widely used for amphibian monitoring in high mountain lakes and ponds. VES was evaluated as a method for monitoring introduced salmonids and cyprinids (the most widespread fish families) in 52 high mountain lakes.

The probability of detecting both families by VES rapidly approaches 100% as the relative densities of fish increase, and false absences are restricted to populations living at low relative densities. VES also provides simple indications about fish relative densities, distinguishing between high‐density and low‐density populations.

As VES usually does not enable fish species identifications, we propose VES as a useful method to describe large fish distribution inventories, not needing high taxonomic detail, but necessary for planning large‐scale conservation measures.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Pectocera sp. (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Oxynopterini) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: He Jinwu , Yao Yuhao , Dong Zhiwei , Ruan Yongying , Chang Zhou , Zhao Ruoping , Wang Wen , Li Xueyan
Published: August 2022

The Elateridae family (click beetles) represents a highly diverse lineage that possesses a specialized clicking mechanism to startle predators. At present, however, phylogenetic relationships, especially among recognized subfamilies, remain contentious. Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can help resolve previously intractable phylogenetic relationships using morphological or limited molecular data. Here, we report the complete mitogenome of Pectocera sp. (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Oxynopterini), which was 15,962 bp in length and showed a typical gene number and order as most beetle mitogenomes, including 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 noncoding control region (AT‐rich region). Comparative genomic analyses showed a high degree of feature similarity among Pectocera sp. and other click beetles. Evolutionary analysis of all PCGs based on the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio (ω) indicated that cox1 and atp8 exhibited the lowest and highest evolutionary rates, respectively, and that the evolutionary rates of all PCGs, except for cox3, nad2, and nad3, were lower than the average ω of click beetles. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated and coalescent approaches indicated that Pectocera sp. was sister to Campsosternus auratus in the same tribe (Oxynopterini) with high support. This study offers insight into the mitogenomic basis of Pectocera sp. and provides an important data resource for exploring the taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution of click beetles.
The Preparation of Diaryl Sulfoxinium Triflates and Their Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wang Xianliang , Kong Deshen , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari , Bolm Carsten
Published: August 2022

Treatment ofN‐methyl‐S,S‐diaryl sulfoximines with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate provides bench‐stable sulfoxinium salts in excellent yields. Applying them in Sonogashira‐, Heck‐ and Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reactions leads to the corresponding products by sequential C−S bond cleavage and C−C bond formation. Electronic factors induced by substituents on theS‐aryl groups govern the coupling efficiency.
One‐pot synthesis of copper nanocluster/Tb‐MOF composites for the ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu2+
Authors: Liu Piaotong , Hao Rusi , Sun Wenliang , Lin Ziyi , Jing Tianfeng
Published: August 2022

The increasing degradation of ecosystems due to heavy metal residues has led to environment and food contamination, prompting the development of convenient platforms for monitoring heavy metals. Here, a new dual‐emission fluorescent sensor CuNCs@Tb@UiO‐66‐(COOH)2 for the detection of copper ions (Cu2+) has been synthesized using one‐pot encapsulation of Tb(III) and glutathione‐stabilized copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO‐66‐(COOH)2. In this ratiometric sensor, the fluorescence intensity of Tb3+ decreased significantly upon the addition of Cu2+, whereas that of CuNCs showed good stability, together with an apparent colour change. Therefore, ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cu2+ can be accomplished by measuring the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at the 450 nm (F450) wavelength of CuNCs to the 548 nm (F548) emission of Tb3+ in the fluorescence spectra of the CuNCs@Tb@UiO‐66‐(COOH)2 suspension. Moreover, the obtained fluorescent probe showed good results in the detection of actual samples. This work can provide the basis of method for the exploration of ratiometric fluorescence and visual sensors of trace pollutants analysis in complicated samples.
Rsn‐2‐mediated directed foam enrichment of β‐lactamase
Authors: Krause Thomas , Keshavarzi Behnam , Dressel Jannes , Heitkam Sascha , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B.
Published: August 2022

Today, the availability of methods for the activity‐preserving and cost‐efficient downstream processing of enzymes forms a major bottleneck to the use of these valuable tools in technical processes. A promising technology appears to be foam fractionation, which utilizes the adsorption of proteins at a gas–liquid interface. However, the employment of surfactants and the dependency of the applicability on individual properties of the target molecules are considerable drawbacks. Here, we demonstrate that a reversible fusion of the large, surface‐active protein Ranaspumin‐2 (Rsn‐2) to a β‐lactamase (Bla) enabled both surfactant‐free formation of a stable foam and directed enrichment of the enzyme by the foaming. At the same time, Bla maintained 70% of its catalytic activity, which was in stark contrast to the enzyme without fusion to Rsn‐2. Rsn‐2 predominantly mediated adsorption. Comparable results were obtained after fusion to the structurally more complex penicillin G acylase (PGA) as the target enzyme. The results indicate that using a surface‐active protein as a fusion tag might be the clue to the establishment of foam fractionation as a general method for enzyme downstream processing.
BMAL1 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion through ERK‐ and JNK‐dependent c‐Myc expression
Authors: Shan Lina , Zheng Wenqian , Bai Bingjun , Hu Jinghui , Lv Yiming , Chen Kangke , Wang Xiaowei , Pan Yangtao , Huang Xuefeng , Zhu Hongbo , Dai Sheng
Published: August 2022

Background

Cancer metastasis is still a life threat to patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Brain and muscle ARNT‐like protein 1 (BMAL1) is an important biological proteins that can regulate the behavior of cancer cells and their response to chemotherapy. However, the role of BMAL1 in the tumorigenic phenotype of CRC remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the functional role and mechanisms of BMAL1 in CRC.

Methods

The mRNA expression of BMAL1 was studied using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The protein level in clinical tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of BMAL1 on the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation of CRC cell lines (including BMAL1 overexpressed or silencing cells) were studied by Transwell, wound healing, CCK‐8 and colony formation experiments. A series of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the mechanisms of BMAL1 regulating EMT and cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

Results

We found that BMAL1 expression was closely related to the poor prognosis of CRC. BMAL1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we found that BMAL1 may activate the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway and induce the β‐catenin release further promotes the expression of oncogene c‐Myc and the migration of colorectal cells by activating MAPK pathway. However, BMAL1 silencing achieved the opposite effect. In addition, blocking MAPK‐signaling pathway with specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK can also downregulate the expressions of c‐Myc in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that the BMAL1/ c‐Myc‐signaling pathway may regulate the metastasis of CRC through the JNK/ERK1/2 MAPK‐dependent pathway.

Conclusions

Our study showed that BMAL1 promotes CRC metastasis through MAPK‐c‐Myc pathway. These results deepen our understanding of the relationship between BMAL1 and tumorigenic phenotypes, which may become a promising therapeutic target for BMAL1 overexpressing CRC.
Understanding the supporters and opponents of Myanmar's civil disobedience movement against the military coup in 2021
Authors: Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Shadiqi Muhammad Abdan
Published: August 2022

In February 2021, the Myanmar military carried out a coup d'etat, which was then followed by a wave of civil protests. The present study aims to understand the support among people from Southeast Asia (specifically Indonesia) for the people of Myanmar who are fighting against a military coup. The data were collected from Muslim participants (N = 209) and non‐Muslim participants (N = 192) in Indonesia. The findings indicate that the perceived country's internal problems, support for human rights in Myanmar, and the perceived country's important position in Southeast Asia are among the strongest predictors of the intention to support collective movements in other countries. Considerably, lack of empathy and how the victim/disadvantaged groups are perceived, like whether they have a negative rapport in treating other groups, also play a key role in the endorsement of solidarity. It is suggested that the dynamic relationships between these factors need to be considered to find ways to foster humanitarian solidarity. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
Distillation of human–object interaction contexts for action recognition
Authors: Almushyti Muna , Li Frederick W. B.
Published: August 2022

Modeling spatial‐temporal relations is imperative for recognizing human actions, especially when a human is interacting with objects, while multiple objects appear around the human differently over time. Most existing action recognition models focus on learning overall visual cues of a scene but disregard a holistic view of human–object relationships and interactions, that is, how a human interacts with respect to short‐term task for completion and long‐term goal. We therefore argue to improve human action recognition by exploiting both the local and global contexts of human–object interactions (HOIs). In this paper, we propose the Global‐Local Interaction Distillation Network (GLIDN), learning human and object interactions through space and time via knowledge distillation for holistic HOI understanding. GLIDN encodes humans and objects into graph nodes and learns local and global relations via graph attention network. The local context graphs learn the relation between humans and objects at a frame level by capturing their co‐occurrence at a specific time step. The global relation graph is constructed based on the video‐level of human and object interactions, identifying their long‐term relations throughout a video sequence. We also investigate how knowledge from these graphs can be distilled to their counterparts for improving HOI recognition. Finally, we evaluate our model by conducting comprehensive experiments on two datasets including Charades and CAD‐120. Our method outperforms the baselines and counterpart approaches.
DermatoFibroSarcoma Protuberans: A case report of a complete cure
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal , Paudel Sushil , Adhikari Sadiksha , Kafle Monique
Published: August 2022

DermatoFibroSarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare recurrent fibrohistiocytic tumor. Given the limitation of available diagnostic modalities in a resource poor setting, diagnosis can be confusing. As most of the tumors recur with time, our case of complete cure was interesting phenomenon observed in our case.
Ru‐catalyzed Formation of Thiosilanes and Selenosilanes using Dichalcogenides as a User‐Friendly Alternative to Thiols and Selenols
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Gruszczyński Marcin , Hreczycho Grzegorz
Published: August 2022

A ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction for the selective transformation of disulfides (and diselenides) into their silyl (and germyl) counterparts has been developed, as the first example of a thiol/thiolate‐free protocol. Our strategy employs commercially available ruthenium dodecacarbonyl as the catalyst in combination with user‐friendly hydrosilanes (and hydrogermanes) and odorless dichalcogenides (S, Se). Further derivatization of heteroaryl halides into unsymmetrical sulfides demonstrated the synthetic potential of the obtained silylthioethers.
Nonbonding/Bonding Molecular Orbital Regulation of Nitrogen‐Boron‐Oxygen‐embedded Blue/Green Multiresonant TADF Emitters with High Efficiency and Color Purity
Authors: Liu Guanting , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kumada Kengo , Arai Hiroki , Kido Junji
Published: August 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of H. Sasabe and J. Kido at Yamagata University in Japan. The image depicts the molecular structures of N−B−O embedded multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR‐TADF) emitters, which achieved ultra‐pure deep‐blue/green emission with high efficiency in OLEDs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201605.
Correlation of the Ki67 Working Group prognostic risk categories with the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score in early breast cancer
Authors: Patel Rima , Hovstadius Malin , Kier Melanie W. , Moshier Erin L. , Zimmerman Brittney S. , Cascetta Krystal , Jaffer Shabnam , Sparano Joseph A. , Tiersten Amy
Published: August 2022

Background

The relationship between Ki67 assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the 21‐gene RS and IHC‐measured Ki67 with the prognostic classification groups recommended by the International Ki67 Working Group (IKWG).

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective chart review of women who had hormone receptor (HR)–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative early breast cancer with zero to three positive lymph nodes and both Ki67 and the 21‐gene RS performed at their institution from 2013 to 2021. Patients were categorized into low (≤5%), intermediate (6%–29%), and high Ki67 groups (≥30%) according to IKWG recommendations. Overall agreement and risk‐stratified agreement between Ki67 and RS were assessed with the proportion of agreement and the κ statistic.

Results

The study included 525 patients with HR‐positive breast cancer. Among the 49% of patients with intermediate Ki67 values of 6%–29%, the distribution of low (0–10), intermediate (11–25), and high RS (26–100) was 19%, 66%, and 15%, respectively. There was slight agreement (κ = 0.01–0.20) between Ki67 and RS (κ = 0.027) in the overall population, although this was not significant (p = .1985). There was fair agreement (κ = 0.21–0.40) between high Ki67 and RS values (κ = 0.280; p < .0001). A higher progesterone receptor percentage was associated with lower RS values (p > .0001) but not lower Ki67 values. A positive nodal status and a larger tumor size were associated with higher Ki67 values (p = .0059 and p < .0001) but not with RS.

Conclusions

In this group of patients selected to have a 21‐gene RS, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and RS in the overall population, and there was fair agreement between high Ki67 and high RS values.

Lay summary

In patients with early‐stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, decisions on adjuvant chemotherapy are based on certain biological features of the cancer and genomic assays such as the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS).

The goal of this study was to determine the correlation between Ki67, a marker of proliferation, and the Oncotype DX RS, a 21‐gene assay demonstrated to be predictive of an adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with early‐stage breast cancer.

In 525 patients, the authors did not find a significant correlation between Ki67 and RS.
The impact of obesity and endocrine therapy on the prognosis of premenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer: A single‐institute retrospective study
Authors: Ozaki Yukinori , Masuda Jun , Kataoka Akemi , Kogawa Takahiro , Abe Tomomi , Morizono Hidetomo , Inagaki Lina , Hara Fumikata , Takano Toshimi , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji
Published: August 2022

Background

Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse prognosis in pre‐ and postmenopausal patients with breast cancer (BC). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy for obese premenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)‐positive BC.

Aim

To evaluate the impact of obesity and adjuvant endocrine therapy on prognosis in premenopausal patients with BC.

Methods and results

We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of premenopausal women who received curative surgery for clinical stage I–III HR‐positive BC from 2007 to 2017. Patients were classified into five groups according to BMI: underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), obese 1 degree (OB1), obese 2 degree (OB2), and obese 3 degree (OB3) categories. The primary analysis was a comparison of BC‐specific survival (BCSS) according to BMI (UW/NW vs. OB1–3) and adjuvant endocrine therapy (with or without ovarian function suppression [OFS]).

Of 13 021 patients, the data of 3380 patients were analyzed. BCSS in OB1–3 patients was significantly worse than that in patients with UW/NW (hazard ratio [HR] 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–4.02: p = .0009). In OB1–3 patients who received tamoxifen (TAM), BCSS was significantly worse than that in UW/NW patients (p = .0086); however, a significant difference was not shown in patients who received TAM and OFS (p = .0921).

Conclusion

High BMI was associated with worse prognosis in premenopausal patients with HR‐positive BC who received adjuvant TAM. The role of OFS as adjuvant endocrine therapy remains unclear, and further studies are required to explore the adequate management of obese premenopausal patients.
Block chain enabled auditing with optimal multi‐key homomorphic encryption technique for public cloud computing environment
Authors: Bandaru Venkata Naga Rani , Visalakshi P
Published: August 2022

Cloud storage is a significant cloud computing (CC) service which enables the client to save and retrieve the data at anytime and anywhere. Due to the increased demand and familiarity of the CC environment, different kinds of security threats and susceptibilities are raised. Data integrity and privacy are the major problems in CC environment where the data can be saved in distinct geographic regions. So, privacy preservation and data integrity become important factors of the user concern related to the CC environment. Several auditing protocols are majorly dependent upon the conventional public key infrastructure, which led to high computational complexity and it is unsuitable for the setting of multiple users. To resolve these issues, this study develops a new block chain enabled auditing with optimal multi‐key homomorphic encryption (BEA‐OMKHE) technique for public cloud environment. The proposed BEA‐OMKHE technique aims to assure data integrity, security, and auditing in public cloud storage. Besides, an OMKHE technique is derived to accomplish data integrating into the cloud environment by the design of end to end encryption system. A secure generation of keys and encryption processes are carried out by the use of MKHE technique; thereby the data becomes highly secure. In addition, the choice of keys is performed by the improved beetle antenna search optimization (IBAS) algorithm. Therefore, the proposed BEA‐OMKHE technique offers an efficient way of enhancing the data integrity in CC method. The performance validation of the BEA‐OMKHE technique takes place and the results are inspected under various aspects. The comparative result analysis ensured the betterment of the BEA‐OMKHE technique interms of different measures such as communication cost, encryption time, decryption time, computation cost, privacy preserving rate, and authentication accuracy.
Automated Bonding Analysis with Crystal Orbital Hamilton Populations
Authors: George Janine , Petretto Guido , Naik Aakash , Esters Marco , Jackson Adam J. , Nelson Ryky , Dronskowski Richard , Rignanese Gian‐Marco , Hautier Geoffroy
Published: August 2022

Invited for this month′s cover are researchers from Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) in Germany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Université catholique de Louvain, University of Oregon, Science & Technology Facilities Council, RWTH Aachen University, Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, and Dartmouth College. The cover picture shows a workflow for automatic bonding analysis with Python tools (green python). The bonding analysis itself is performed with the program LOBSTER (red lobster). The starting point is a crystal structure, and the results are automatic assessments of the bonding situation based on Crystal Orbital Hamilton Populations (COHP), including automatic plots and text outputs. Coordination environments and charges are also assessed. More information can be found in the Research Article by J. George, G. Hautier, and co‐workers.
A bibliometric and subject analysis of 3300 most‐cited articles in dentistry
Authors: Daryakenari Ghazaleh , Batooli Zahra
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the publications that have studied top‐cited articles in dentistry.

Material and Methods

The study is applied research in terms of the purpose and scientometrics descriptive in terms of type, which has been done using the Retrospective Bibliometric Analysis. To retrieve the 100 most‐cited studies in Scopus, an advance search was used. The search results indicate that 33 articles focused on analyzing the 100 most‐cited publications on oral and dental subjects. The bibliographic information, including author, journal, country, institution, citation count, and citation density was analyzed. Then the full text of the articles was reviewed to identify the most productive journal, country, and institute in publishing the 100 most‐cited articles and also article type, study design, level of evidence, and the most important subjects among the 100 most‐cited papers.

Results

In these 33 articles, the topics of 3300 most‐cited articles were introduced, as well as the introduction of the core journals, countries, and institutes in publishing top‐cited articles. The most common research topics in the field of dentistry cover a range of dental public health and pediatric dentistry to adhesive restorative dentistry and implantology. Dental materials, oral medicine, and pathology seem like inseparable topics of common research in dentistry. J Dent Res, which was mentioned in nine articles, was introduced as the journal with the publication of articles of highest citation. J Clin Periodontol and Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Radiology were in the second place, being mentioned in five articles. The USA, and two institutions the University of Texas, and the University of Michigan are orderly core country and institute for the production of most‐cited articles.

Conclusion

Researchers and specialists can get familiar with the most productive author, journals, countries, and different institutes for publishing high‐quality articles in the field of oral and dental subjects by the means of the results of this article. Furthermore, the results of this study ranked the most cited article topics, which are of interest for publication, demonstrating the future map road oral and dental research.
Control strategy without phase‐locked loop based on power estimation and natural frame for single‐phase cascaded H‐bridge converter
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chen Yanming , Yang Daliang , Kong Fannie , Liu Jinbao , Shao Dashuai , Peng Zuwen , Li Zheng , Zeng Sencai , Zhao Mingkai
Published: August 2022

Based on a single‐phase cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) multilevel converter, this paper investigates a control strategy combining power estimation and natural frame control (NFC) with the omission of grid voltage sensors. Besides, this control method, without phase‐locked loop (PLL), can meet the continuous operation of the system and also eliminates grid voltage feedforward. First, natural frame control is introduced to derive the implementation process of control strategy without PLL, and the calculation formula of AC reference currents is given. Furthermore, the separate control of active and reactive currents is achieved. Second, the principle of proposed control algorithm is presented, and the sinusoidal voltage unit vector for synchronization can be accurately estimated. Next, considering the errors, the article corrects the method through parameter compensation. In addition, the balanced control method stabilized the DC side voltage of the converter. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by computer simulation and experimental prototype.
The sedimentological death mask of a dying glacier
Authors: Le Heron Daniel Paul , Kettler Christoph , Wawra Arian , Schöpfer Martin , Grasemann Bernhard
Published: August 2022

The Pasterze is Austria's largest glacier, and it is experiencing rapid downwasting and retreat. A mosaic of complex sedimentary deposits has been produced in recent years which have not hitherto been studied, yet provide excellent lessons into the facies distribution expected from a dying valley glacier. In this paper, a new glaciological–geomorphological–geological map is presented for the glacier in July 2021. Freshly exposed (since 2018) tills and flutes constitute a subglacial sediment–landform assemblage. An ice‐marginal sediment–landform assemblage comprises meltwater streams, a delta system and proglacial lake terrace deposits. The supraglacial assemblage, meanwhile, includes fossil englacial channel deposits revealed by ablation, together with debris bands, rockfall deposits and supraglacial channel deposits. Collectively, these sediment–landform assemblages constitute the building blocks of a dying glacier landsystem.
Inhomogeneous Aging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Caused by Temperature Effects
Authors: Paarmann Sabine , Schuld Kathrin , Wetzel Thomas
Published: August 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as electrochemical energy storage devices due to their advantages in energy and power density as well as their reliability. One research focus is the cyclic lifetime of LIB, where the influence of thermal conditions during cycling is not yet completely understood. In previous publications, investigations on the cyclic aging behavior of LIB under various thermal boundary conditions are presented, including defined temperature gradients and temperature transients. Thereupon, herein, the results of cell openings and an extensive postmortem study with analyses of scanning electron micrographs, electrode thickness, X‐ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy are presented, evaluated, and correlated with the thermal conditions. The results reveal significant variations on the electrode and atomic scale for the different thermal boundary conditions during cycling. The electrodes exposed to a temperature gradient exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of aging behavior that directly correlates with the local temperature. Cycling with superimposed transient temperatures reveals fundamentally different aging effects. With this knowledge, critical temperature conditions can be avoided in applications to prolong cyclic lifetime.
Comprehensive characterization of multiple components ofZiziphus jujuba MillusingUHPLC‐Q‐ExactiveOrbitrap Mass Spectrometers
Authors: Qin Shi‐han , Yan Fang , E Shuai , Xiong Pei , Tang Su‐nv , Yu Kai‐quan , Zhang Min , Cheng Yung‐chi , Cai Wei
Published: August 2022

Ziziphus jujuba Millis the dried ripe fruit of the Rhamnaceae family; it is widely distributed in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, and other places in China. In folk medicine, it was used to restore vital energy, as a blood tonic, and for the treatment of spleen deficiency. To date, a complete investigation of the compounds ofZ. jujubahas rarely been performed. Therefore, a reliable strategy based on UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS, combined with trace data acquisition mode (parallel reaction monitoring scanning, PRM) and multiple data processing methods, is necessary for the characterization of compounds in theZ. jujuba.Ultimately, 295 compounds, including 69 flavonoids, 60 alkaloids, 82 phenylpropanoids, 52 organic acids, and 32 other components, were identified in theZ. jujuba; of these, 270 have been reported inZ. jujubafor the first time. This study provides deep insights into the chemistry ofZ. jujubaand could be useful for further studies aimed at identifying the factors contributing to the health benefits attributed to this fruit.
Diet cost plays a key role in determining the risk of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Findings from a case–control study
Authors: Abbasi Khadijeh , Foshati Sahar , Mehrabani Sanaz , Ghiasvand Reza , Bagherniya Mohammad , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2022

The aim of our study was to assess the association between diet cost and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study was a case–control study conducted in Isfahan, Iran. Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐V criteria, a total of 200 children aged 4–12 years with ADHD and 300 age‐ and sex‐matched children without ADHD, respectively, participated in case and control groups. A validated food frequency questionnaire that contained 168 food items was used to assess the dietary intake. The cost of food items was obtained from licensed markets. The food price was corrected for edible portion sizes as well as food weight changes due to cooking process. Our results indicated that diet cost per 1000 kcal was significantly lower in the case group compared with the control group (60,843.48 ± 6987.83 vs. 67,828.33 ± 8989.48 Rials, p < .01). In the crude model, a significantly lower risk of ADHD was observed in the higher quartiles of diet cost per 1000 kcal (odds ratio (OR) = 0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.13; p < .001). This finding remained significant, even after adjustment for potential confounders such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), and intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Therefore, it seems that the risk of ADHD is inversely associated with diet cost in children. Further studies, particularly longitudinal ones, are warranted.
Activity flow mapping over probabilistic functional connectivity
Authors: Zhu Hengcheng , Huang Ziyi , Yang Yifeixue , Su Kaiqiang , Fan Mingxia , Zou Yong , Li Ting , Yin Dazhi
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence indicates that activity flow over resting‐state network topology allows the prediction of task activations. However, previous studies have mainly adopted static, linear functional connectivity (FC) estimates as activity flow routes. It is unclear whether an intrinsic network topology that captures the dynamic nature of FC can be a better representation of activity flow routes. Moreover, the effects of between‐ versus within‐network connections and tight versus loose (using rest baseline) task contrasts on the prediction of task‐evoked activity across brain systems remain largely unknown. In this study, we first propose a probabilistic FC estimation derived from a dynamic framework as a new activity flow route. Subsequently, activity flow mapping was tested using between‐ and within‐network connections separately for each region as well as using a set of tight task contrasts. Our results showed that probabilistic FC routes substantially improved individual‐level activity flow prediction. Although it provided better group‐level prediction, the multiple regression approach was more dependent on the length of data points at the individual‐level prediction. Regardless of FC type, we consistently observed that between‐network connections showed a relatively higher prediction performance in higher‐order cognitive control than in primary sensorimotor systems. Furthermore, cognitive control systems exhibit a remarkable increase in prediction accuracy with tight task contrasts and a decrease in sensorimotor systems. This work demonstrates that probabilistic FC estimates are promising routes for activity flow mapping and also uncovers divergent influences of connectional topology and task contrasts on activity flow prediction across brain systems with different functional hierarchies.
The effect of hospital‐physician integration on hospital costs
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , Sheehan‐Connor Damien
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates whether hospital costs are lower when hospitals integrate with physician practices. It addresses a common element in policy attempts to contain healthcare costs, which is to encourage greater coordination in healthcare delivery. Despite a clear trend toward greater hospital‐physician integration, there is little direct evidence about whether integration lowers hospital costs. The results in this paper show that hospital costs increase by one to three percent after hospital‐physician integration. We also do not find consistent evidence that hospital‐physician integration is associated with higher quality but potentially more costly hospital care. The modest increase in hospital costs appears to derive from an increase in outpatient visits, rather than from higher costs of inpatient care. These findings do not support the hypothesis that increased coordination between hospitals and physicians has led to lower hospital costs.
A hypothesis concerning the role of PPAR family on cardiac energetics in Adriamycin‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mohan Uma Priya , PB Tirupathi Pichiah , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Arunachalam Sankarganesh
Published: August 2022

Adriamycin is an effective anti‐neoplastic drug against a variety of cancer types. However, the drug causes adverse side effects in a number of organ systems. Cardiomyopathy is one of the life‐threatening side effects of Adriamycin. In the current work, we have derived a hypothesis with possible involvement of PPAR family members in the development of Adriamycin‐induced cardiomyopathy. Dysregulation of PPAR family by Adriamycin causes impairment in the transport and β‐oxidation of fatty acids, the key substrate for ATP synthesis in heart. Evidences suggest that dysregulation of PPAR family alters the recruitment of glucose transporters. Furthermore, heme oxygenase‐1 is a crucial enzyme regulating the iron homeostasis in the heart whose expression is regulated by PPAR family. Inverse relationship exists between the expression levels of PPARγ and heme oxygenase‐1. Adriamycin upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 which in turn disrupts the iron homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Our molecular docking results show that Adriamycin has a high affinity for iron‐binding sites of heme oxygenase‐1, thereby hindering formation of iron–sulfur complex. The lack of iron–sulfur complex impairs the electron transport chain. In addition, succinate dehydrogenase subunit A is downregulated by Adriamycin. The lack of this subunit uncouples Krebs cycle from ETC. Further, lack of this subunit increases the concentration of succinate, which further alters the mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, in the present work, we hypothesize that alteration in the expression of PPAR family members is one of the major causes of metabolic chaos and oxidative stress caused by Adriamycin during the development of cardiomyopathy.
Toxicity evaluation of main zopiclone impurities based on quantitative structure–activity relationship models and in vitro tests
Authors: Yin Jie , Wen Hairuo , Chen Hua
Published: August 2022

Toxicity evaluation of main zopiclone impurities can provide a basis for safety assessment and quality standards of zopiclone. In this study, the impurity profile of zopiclone was analyzed using forced degradation and related substances of zopiclone tablets using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, various quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were used to compare the toxicity, especially genotoxicity of two main zopiclone degradation impurities, namely, impurity B and 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine. The predictive genotoxicity results were verified using an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test. Meanwhile, using zebrafish embryos as an animal model, zopiclone and its main impurities were analyzed at different concentrations, and their effects on zebrafish development, including embryonic teratogenesis and lethality, were examined. The results showed that impurity B and 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine were the main degradation impurities of zopiclone; the latter's content increased with increase in the solution storage time. QSAR prediction and in vitro test results confirmed that both impurity B and 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine were non‐mutagenic and classified in the fifth impurity category. According to ICH M7 guidelines, these could be controlled as general non‐mutagenic impurities. The relative toxicity to zebrafish embryo development was the highest for 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine, followed by impurity B and zopiclone, and the malformation rate and mortality of embryos were concentration dependent. In conclusion, an increase in the control limit of 2‐amino‐5‐chloropyridine is recommended when the quality standards of zopiclone materials and preparations are revised to ensure safety and quality control. The specific limit value of this impurity should be determined through further evaluation and research.
Impact of test‐enhanced learning as a study strategy: An exploratory study with first‐year dental students
Authors: Zheng Meixun , O'Brien Kenji , Cuenin Kyle , Lyon Cindy , Bender Daniel
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Research has demonstrated that learners who practice self‐testing have superior long‐term retention compared to those rereading the material alone, a phenomenon called test‐enhanced learning. This testing effect can be leveraged by spacing out the testing practice over time, a technique called spaced repetition. In 2017, we provided dental students at the school with access to Osmosis, a web‐based platform that supports test‐enhanced learning and spaced repetition through flashcards. This exploratory study examined students’ adoption of self‐testing with flashcards and its impact on learning performance in basic sciences.

Methods

Participants were 143 first‐year predoctoral students at a dental school in the US. The platform analytics revealed the number of flashcards students answered throughout the first academic year (2019–2020). Regression analyses examined how self‐testing with flashcards impacted students’ exam scores in basic sciences. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests examined the difference in students’ exam performance among the non, minimal, occasional, and regular flashcard users who answered 0, 1–99, 100–499, and over 500 flashcards, respectively.

Results

Students answered 82,766 flashcards during the year. Additionally, they created 17,973 flashcards using the platform's flashcard authoring tool. Regression analyses showed that self‐testing with flashcards correlated positively with students’ exam performance in anatomy, biochemistry, nutrition, and physiology. ANOVA results revealed a statistically significant difference in students’ exam performance in anatomy, biochemistry, and nutrition among the four groups.

Conclusions

This study is the first in dental education to examine students’ self‐testing on the Osmosis platform. Results revealed that there was widespread adoption of self‐testing with flashcards. The study provided additional evidence to support the value of self‐testing for dental students. It has practical implications of how test‐enhanced learning can be incorporated into dental education to support student learning. The study contributed to the test‐enhanced learning literature in dental education, an area that has been underexplored.
Recurrent hyperammonaemia in a patient with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency
Authors: Stockdale Christopher , Bowron Ann , Appleton Marie , Richardson Ruth , Anderson Mark
Published: August 2022

Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency is a recently described inherited cause of paediatric hyperammonaemia. Most published cases describe patients with only one episode of hyperammonaemia whilst others report patients who had up to three metabolic crises with the first invariably being the most severe. We describe a patient with carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency who experienced 7 hyperammonemic episodes over a 3‐year period, up to age 5 years 9 months. These episodes did not clearly decrease in severity over time. This report expands the clinical phenotype and the age window for metabolic crises associated with this condition.
The long term vaccine‐induced anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immune response is impaired in quantity and quality under TNFα blockade
Authors: Geisen Ulf Martin , Rose Ruben , Neumann Franziska , Ciripoi Maria , Vullriede Lena , Reid Hayley M. , Berner Dennis Kristopher , Bertoglio Federico , Hoff Paula , Hust Michael , Longardt Ann Carolin , Lorentz Thomas , Martini Gabriela Rios , Saggau Carina , Schirmer Jan Henrik , Schubert Maren , Sümbül Melike , Tran Florian , Voß Mathias , Zeuner Rainald , Morrison Peter J. , Bacher Petra , Fickenscher Helmut , Gerdes Sascha , Peipp Matthias , Schreiber Stefan , Krumbholz Andi , Hoyer Bimba Franziska
Published: August 2022

The humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) declines more rapidly with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) inhibition. Furthermore, the efficacy of current vaccines against Omicron variants of concern (VOC) including BA.2 is limited. Alterations within immune cell populations, changes in IgG affinity, and the ability to neutralize a pre‐VOC strain and the BA.2 virus were investigated in these at‐risk patients. Serum levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG, IgG avidity, and neutralizing antibodies (NA) were determined in anti‐TNF‐α patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 24 healthy individuals; n = 12 patients under other disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, oDMARD) before and after the second and third vaccination by ELISA, immunoblot and live virus neutralization assay. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific B‐ and T cell subsets were analysed by multicolor flow cytometry. Six months after the second vaccination, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG levels, IgG avidity and anti‐pre‐VOC NA titres were significantly reduced in anti‐TNF‐α recipients compared to controls (healthy individuals: avidity: p ≤ 0.0001; NA: p = 0.0347; oDMARDs: avidity: p = 0.0012; NA: p = 0.0293). The number of plasma cells was increased in anti‐TNF‐α patients (Healthy individuals: p = 0.0344; oDMARDs: p = 0.0254), while the absolute number of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific plasma cells 7 days after 2nd vaccination were comparable. Even after a third vaccination, these patients had lower anti‐BA.2 NA titres compared to both other groups. We show a reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing capacity in patients under TNF‐α blockade. In this cohort, the plasma cell response appears to be less specific and shows stronger bystander activation. While these effects were observable after the first two vaccinations and with older VOC, the differences in responses to BA.2 were enhanced.
Alcohol use disorder‐associated structural and functional characteristics of the insula
Authors: Manuweera Thushini , Kisner Mallory A. , Almira Erika , Momenan Reza
Published: August 2022

Based on our current understanding of insular regions, effects of chronic alcohol use on the insula may affect the integration of sensory‐motor, socio‐emotional, and cognitive function. There is no comprehensive understanding about these differences in individuals with alcohol use disorder that accounts for both structural and functional differences related to chronic alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to investigate these variations in both the anterior and posterior insula in persons with alcohol use disorder. We investigated insula gray matter volume, morphometry, white matter structural connectivity, and resting state functional connectivity in 75 participants with alcohol use disorder (females = 27) and 75 age‐matched healthy control participants (females = 39). Results indicated structural differences mostly in the anterior regions, while functional connectivity differences were observed in both the anterior and posterior insula in those with alcohol use disorder. Differing connectivity was observed with frontal, parietal, occipital, cingulate, cerebellar, and temporal brain regions. While these results align with prior studies showing differences primarily in anterior insular regions, they also contribute to the existing literature suggesting differences in anterior insular connectivity with brain regions shown to be engaged during higher cognitive and emotional tasks.
Differences in drought evolution as portrayed for China using various evapotranspiration models and drought indices
Authors: Wang Huaijun , Cao Lei , Li Xinchuan , Feng Ru , Zheng Peng
Published: August 2022

Drought, a slow‐growing natural disaster that affects large areas worldwide, has serious social and economic consequences. There is compelling evidence to suggest that drought will be more prevalent in various regions in the future, due to the impact of climate change. Evapotranspiration is an important drought evolution control factor, and various evapotranspiration models show different drought evolution trends. In the study described here, meteorological data from 840 Chinese weather stations, for 1960–2018, were used to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET), using the Thomthwaite (TH), Hargreaves (HG), Priestley–Taylor (PT), Penman and Penman–Monteith (PM) models. We then compared various drought indices (the standardized precipitation index [SPI], the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [SPEI], and the Palmer drought severity index [PDSI]), calculated using inputs from the five evapotranspiration models. The results showed that (a) evapotranspiration means and trends, as estimated by the five PET models, were significantly different, with Penman giving the highest estimate while TH the lowest. Differences between the PET model outcomes reduced under climate warming scenarios; (b) significantly different evapotranspiration models and drought indices can give rise to varied results, with the climate becoming wetter under the Penman and PM models (especially in western northwest China and eastern south China), and drier under the TH model; (c) the different drought forecasts obtained using the evapotranspiration models decreased with increasing precipitation, for all regions; (d) the SPEI is more suitable for drought monitoring compared with PDSI due to the higher sensitive to the choice of evapotranspiration model of SPEI; and (e) SPEI‐PM and SPEI‐Penman is the best drought indices in all regions. SPEI‐PT and SPEI‐HG can be applied in regions with relatively abundant precipitation (northern north China, southern north China, eastern south China, western south China, and Tibetan Plateau), and SPEI‐PM and SPEI‐Penman can be suitable for drought monitoring in arid and semi‐arid regions (western northwest China and eastern northwest China). The results presented herein are expected to aid in the selection of a proper drought index for disaster assessment.