bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the use of a single and extended blockade of shoulder splitting at arthroscopic operations on the shoulder
Authors: Krylov Sergey V. , Pasechnik I. N. , Sotnikov A. V. , Timchenko D. О.
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of arthroscopic operations on the shoulder joint. The development and introduction of arthroscopy made it possible to improve the quality of surgical care for injuries of the shoulder joint. However, despite the minimally invasive technique, the issues of postoperative analgesia in this type of surgical interventions have not been fully developed. The article discusses the possibility of using single and prolonged conductive anesthesia in patients with arthroscopic operations on the shoulder joint.
Experience of appllication of the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for cleft palate repair in children
Authors: Dubinenkov Vladimir B. , Bessonov S. N. , Voitsekhovsky I. S. , Ganert A. N.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for cleft palate repair in children with congenital malformation, cleft palate. The study was carried out on 55 patients with primary cleft palate repair. The average age of the patients was 1 year 8 months6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In the main group, general anesthesia, local anesthesia and bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block were performed. In the control group, general anesthesia and local anesthesia were performed. The severity of the pain syndrome in children was assessed according to the FLACC scale. In addition, the dose opioid analgesics (tramadol) was taken into account on the 1st day; satisfaction with anesthesia and analgesia. Results for the main group: FLACC indicators were kept longer at a low level; less consumption of opioid analgesics. No complications were observed on the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block. The bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for primary cleft palate repair in children provides a better quality of anesthesia, and, especially postoperative analgesia.
Network-Based Earthquake Magnitude Determination via Deep Learning
Authors: Kuang Wenhuan , Yuan Congcong , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2021

The stability and robustness of determining earthquake magnitude are of great significance in earthquake monitoring and seismic hazard assessment. The routine workflow of determining earthquake local magnitude, such as the widely used Richter magnitude, may result in an unreliable measurement of earthquake magnitude because it relies on individual amplitude measurement of a single station, which is prone to be influenced by natural impulsive noise or anthropogenic noise. In this study, we present an automated estimation of earthquake magnitude by applying a deep-learning algorithm named magnitude neural network (MagNet) based on the full-waveform recordings from a network of seismic stations at China seismic experimental site (CSES). The MagNet consists of a compression component that extracts the global features of waveform data and an expansion component that yields a Gaussian probability distribution representing the magnitude estimation. The MagNet is trained with an augmented data set, which includes 21,700 training samples with evenly distributed magnitudes. From the prediction results on the test data set, the mean errors and standard deviations are −0.017 and 0.21, respectively, for 600 moderate earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3 to 5.9, and −0.011 and 0.14, respectively, for 70 small earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 2.3 to 3.5. However, it remains challenging for large earthquakes (magnitude>6.5), due to the lack of sufficient historical large earthquakes as training data. In addition, testing results show that the new method is capable of minimizing the impact of abnormal noises in the data. These results demonstrate the validity and merits of the proposed deep-learning method in predicting earthquake magnitude automatically.
Mechanisms of development of medicine stability Mycobacterium tuberculosis: is there a chance to win?
Authors: Naumov A. G. , Pavlunin A. V.
Published: February 2021

The scientific review provides current information on the current epidemiological status of tuberculosis in our country and the world, genetic adaptability and the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The well-known and recently discovered molecular targets of aggression of this microorganism are described, and possible methods of circumventing the resistance of the Office to existing and developed drugs are presented. Objective: to create a scientific analytical review, which allows you to form an idea of the basic principles of development of the mechanisms of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis, as well as ways to overcome them with the possibility of further development of the chosen direction with the involvement of reputable scientific groups and practical implementation. Methods. scientific analysis of international reports, highly indexed scientific articles and clinical protocols. Results. Ihanks to the conducted analytical work, critical biological markers of M. tuberculosis immunity to anti-tuberculosis therapy were identified, which protect it from pharmacological intervention by the person and do not adequately sanitize the centers of inflammation in the patient's body. Methods have been proposed for disintegrating the mechanisms of drug resistance, which will bring the algorithms for treating tuberculosis infection to a new level. Conclusion. The analyzed information will contribute to deepening and expanding the knowledge of specialists involved in the fight against tuberculosis about the importance of implementing a personalized approach in the provision of medical care to TB patients, taking into account the studied molecular indicators of resistance to standardized and developed drugs.
Refractory Dyspnea in a Patient with End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Palliative Care unit Case Study)
Authors: Nevzorova D. V. , Sidorov A. V. , Ustinova A. I. , Morev A. V. , Krakauer E. L. , Abuzarova G. R. , Connor S. R. , Chwistek M. , Kunyaeva T. A. , Michaelson S.
Published: February 2021

Treating dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a challenge. The foreign experience of using low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with progressing diseases is controversial among Russian specialists. The presented clinical case is an 83-year-old patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the terminal stage and refractory dyspnea, progressive respiratory failure of II - III degrees, and concomitant exertional angina II FC and organic anxiety disorder. The patient was offered low-dose morphine injections (2 mg 5 times a day subcutaneously) to relieve the shortness of breath. The patient, who had not previously received opioids, and his relatives gave prior consent to the use of morphine. Within a week from the moment of hospitalization, the general and psycho-emotional state of the patient improved, dyspnea decreased, and night sleep was partially normalized. However, а week later, being in a severe but relatively stable condition, the patient died from a massive nosebleed. Shown, that the traditional approach to reducing dyspnea and the associated agitation in patients with interstitial lung disease is the use of corticosteroids and psychotropic therapeutics in increasing doses. The use of low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with non-cancer disease meets many organizational, medical, and psychological barriers. At the same time, this therapy is recognized as successful and safe in the foreign palliative practice. Overcoming the existing barriers based on the evidence from clinical trials, as well as the domestic and foreign clinical practice of the safe use of low doses of opioids would expand the arsenal of effective treatments for refractory dyspnea.
Diagnosing ventilation inhomogeneity after COVID-19 by multiple-breath nitrogen washout test
Authors: Kryukov E. V. , Savushkina O. I. , Chernyak A. V. , Kulagina I. C.
Published: February 2021

The aimwas to evaluate the ventilation inhomogeneity (VIH) by the multiple-breath nitrogen washout test (MBNW) after COVID-19 and to identify the relationship of the lung clearance index (LCI) with other functional parameters of the respiratory system.Methods.The cross-sectional study included 35 patients (97% men); the median age was 44 years. Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco), MBNW test, and impulse oscillometry were performed. Dyspnea was evaluated by mMRC scale. MBNW test was performed using the Easy-one Pro, MBW Module (ndd Medizintechnik AG, Switzerland).Results. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 21 (60%) patients who were not diagnosed with VIH. Group 2 included 14 (40%) patients with VIH. The median testing period was 72 (47 - 109) days from the onset of COVID-19. The median of the maximum volume of lung damage determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CTmax) was 50% in the acute period of the disease and 12% during the study. The medians of all analyzed parameters remained normal in the study cohort as well as in groups 1 and 2, except the resonance frequency (fres) in group 2. Statistically significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 in the absolute frequency dependence of resistance (R5 - R20), reactance area (AX), fres. Significant differences were also found in pathological changes of vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), (R5 - R20). The abnormalities were more common in group 2. A significant correlation was shown between LCI with the ratio of residual lung volume to total lung capacity, (R5 - R20), AX, fres, relative frequency dependence of resistance, CTmax, FEV1 and trasfer-factor (DLco).Conclusion. Seventy-two days after the onset of CoVID-19, the ventilation inhomogeneity was detected in 40% of the patients, decreased DLco- in 23%, airway obstruction - in 11.4%, and restrictive ventilatory defect - in 8.6%. Correlations were found between LCI and DLco, spirometry parameters, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, and CTmax.
Study of the peri-operative mortality in trochanteric fractures in elderly patients (60 years and above) visiting department of orthopedics at Dr. RPGMC Tanda
Authors: Singh Sarvesh Kumar , Awasthi Bhanu , Kumar Devinder , Rana Sunil , Singh Atul , Dua Sunny
Published: February 2021

Background: In elderly, trochanteric fractures are frequent and typically result from mild to moderate trauma in osteoporotic bones while in young adults these fractures are generally due to high energy trauma such as road side accidents.

Methods: The present study was conducted in elderly patients with trochanteric fractures (age 60 years and above) presenting to the department of orthopedics, Dr. RPGMC Kangra at Tanda. All cases presenting to the department and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied for three months period from the day of surgery. All cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria who were operated over the period of one year from the date of start of study were included.

Results: Our study observed that out of 176 patients, 10.23% (n=18/176) patients could not survive within 90 days of surgery while 89.8% (n=158/176) patients survived. Perioperative mortality was 10.23%.

Conclusions: In our study, peri-operative mortality is lower than reported earlier. We also found that perioperative mortality was influenced by older age.
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients: literature review
Authors: Alhetheli Ghadah
Published: February 2021

Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are neglected during the early period of the spread of the pandemic. Moreover, the rational that children are immune against COVID-19 infections, allowed unnoticeable spread of the disease among children and adolescents. This review article aimed to shed light on the different cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 among pediatric age group, its related pathogenesis and histopathological features. Review of literature published since the release of the details about the disease was conducted to examine various cutaneous manifestations related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Review of 35 articles concerned with COVID19-related skin manifestations in pediatrics showed that it was varied and included chilblain-like, maculopapular, urticarial, vesicular, targetoid, erythema multiforme-like and COVID-19 Kawasaki disease-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which is serious health condition. Despite of the previously documented higher production of interferon-α in children and adolescents, children are not immune against SARS-CoV-19 infection. Cutaneous manifestations in children are usually asymptomatic and are curable unless they are drug-related side effects during the course of treatment of COVID-19. This literature review and photo atlas provide a mini-analysis of COVID-19-related skin manifestations among pediatrics with reference to their tissue histopathological changes.
A histopathological study of urinary bladder neoplasms
Authors: Makwana Seva V , Jhaveri Preeti N , Oza Kishan K , Shah Cherry K
Published: February 2021

The present study was carried out to describe the Histopathological features of various neoplasms in the urinary bladder biopsies and to categorize the neoplastic lesions according to W.H.O (2016)/ISUP classification of urinary bladder tumors.

A total of 37 cases, 28 urinary bladder biopsies (TURBT) and 9 cystectomy specimens of urinary bladder neoplasia [histologically proved] of patients were studied retrospectively over the period from June 2016- Oct 2018 in Pathology department of Smt. N.H.L. medical college. All cases of urothelial carcinomas were graded histologically according to WHO (2016)/ISUP classification.

Maximum numbers of patients are in age group 60-69 years. Males (78.37%) are more frequently affected as compared to female. The most frequent Neoplastic findings in Urinary bladder is Invasive Papillary Urothelial carcinoma (81.06%); Low grade (37.8%) being more common than High grade (35.14%). A large percentage (80%) of high grade invasive urothelial cell carcinomas presented with muscle invasion.

Invasion to the muscle propria layer correlates with high grade tumor. In 18.5% cases detrusor muscle was absent, hence the importance of including detrusor muscle in the biopsy specimens needs to be emphasized. We must accept the fact that grading is highly subjective and that in future various molecular and immunohistochemical studies will provide better reproducibility.
Spectrum of lesions of head and neck in a medical college of North India
Authors: Kumar Nikhilesh , Sharma Honey Bhasker , Bansal Megha , Gupta Monika
Published: February 2021

Head and neck lesions especially oral cancers and pre-cancerous lesions have a high prevalence in India, especially in states like Uttar Pradesh pertaining to use of Pan masala, smokeless tobacco and zarda in the population. The lesions are common in patients of all age groups.

This histopathology based study was conducted for the assessment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of head and neck in the region around North Indian city of Lucknow.

This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, T S Misra Medical college and Hospital, Amausi, Lucknow. The head and neck cases for time period of two years and eight months were retrieved from the histopathologic section of department. Thorough analysis of these specimens was done and data was compiled based on histomorphological diagnosis and other parameters like site of lesion, sex and age group.

Study was done for 189 biopsies from head and neck region. Peak incidence of case was seen in 21-50 years age group, in the overall age range 3 to 86 years of our study. Male outnumbered female by ratio of 1.77:1. 63 cases of the study were inflammatory, 40 cystic, 46 benign, 14 dysplastic and rest 26 cases were malignant. Commonest malignant lesion was Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

It was noteworthy that precancerous and malignant lesions of oral cavity constitute a high percentage of head and neck lesions for the present cohort of referral patients.
Exfoliative cytology of different body fluids- an important aid to primary diagnosis
Authors: Thakur Ajay Singh , Tiwari Avani , Chandrakar Pradeep , Choraria Amit , Choudhary Vivek
Published: February 2021

Cytological examination of exfoliated cells in various effusion fluids is very challenging and of paramount importance for early diagnosis and management of various pathological processes. It is of utmost significance in identifying malignant cells and hence throws light on the cause, staging and prognosis of cancer.

This study was carried out to know the different trends of various types of effusions for various pathological processes with an emphasis on malignant effusion in a tertiary care centre.

Retrospective, analytical, observational study done over a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 418 cases including peritoneal and pleural and cerebrospinal fluid and urine were analyzed. Samples were centrifuged for five minutes at 2000 rpm and smears prepared from deposit were stained by Papanicolaou (PAP) and May-Grunwald- Giemsa (MGG) stains.

Out of 418, 221 were peritoneal effusions, 172 were pleural, 20 cerebrospinal fluids and 5 urine. Out of 221 cases of peritoneal effusions, 144 were non neoplastic and 61 were malignant effusion. Out of total 172 pleural effusions 139 were non neoplastic and 27 neoplastic. Commonest malignancy in peritoneal and pleural fluid was adenocarcinoma from ovary and lung respectively.

Cytological evaluation of various fluids is simple, rapid, inexpensive and less invasive tool with high accuracy and thereby reducing the need for invasive investigations. It is especially helpful in evaluating and staging malignancies thereby guiding the clinician in further management.
Clear cell sarcoma in pelvic region - case report
Authors: Wasnik Poonam Dambhare , Hussain Nighat , Bodhey Narendra K , Pati Sarojkumar
Published: February 2021

Clear cell sarcoma is a rare tumor with a predilection to involve tendon and aponeuroses, predominantly around the foot and ankle region. It is clinically, genetically as well as biologically distinct from malignant melanoma, however share some histological and immunohistochemical similarities with it. Clear cell sarcoma usually arise from the deep soft tissue of lower extremities and carries a balanced translocation t(12;22) (q13;q12). The fusion protein activates MiTF, a melanocytic transcription factor which leads to tumor growth and melanin production. The head & neck and trunk are distinctly unusual sites for occurrence of CCS. We herewith describe a CCS in the pelvis of the 26 years-old male patient presented with the chief complaints of paraesthesia, weakness, muscle wasting in right lower limb with foot drop since one year with review of literature.
Mixed phenotypic (T cell/B cell) lymphoblastic lymphoma of synovium, report of the first case with discussion on potential diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Madanagopaal Lakshmikanth Ramiah , Subashchandrabose Priya , S P Ganesan
Published: February 2021

Mixed- phenotype acute leukaemia (MPAL) is very rare and accounts for less than 4% of acute leukaemia. Most cases of MPAL described in literature, are of T/myeloid or B/myeloid phenotype. MPAL T/B cell lineage is exceptional and occasional cases reported so far, are leukaemia with bone marrow involvement. Our case, on immunophenotyping, exhibited evidence of T and B- Lymphoid lineage. It could be diagnosed neither as MPAL, because the bone marrow was not involved, nor as lymphoblastic lymphoma because of the bi phenotypic expression of both T and B cell antigens. Hence, we reported it as Mixed phenotypic (T cell/B cell) Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. This is the first case, extra medullary as well as extra lymphoid in location, presenting as right elbow synovial lesion. We also discuss the potential diagnostic pitfalls and emphasise the importance of Immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphomas.
Abnormal level of paxillin in cervical cancer cells is involved in tumor progression and invasion
Authors: Gu Hongqing , Wen Jing
Published: February 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causative agent for the uterine cervical cancer. The expression of oncoproteins E6/E7 promotes apoptosis inhibition and increases the risk of cervical cancer progression. Some research reported that elevated expression of paxillin (PXN) stimulated cancer growth and invasion. However, the clinical significance of PXN in cervical cancer has not been well characterized so far. We found that PXN mRNA expression and protein level are significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells compared to adjacent normal cells. Furthermore, the paxillin over-expression was correlated with potential of tumorigenesis and invasion. Cervical cancer cells with increased paxillin expression had an ability to form more tumor clones and were characterized by higher invasiveness as well. Therefore, our findings suggest that paxillin may act as an important prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients as it promotes tumor regeneration and invasion.
Гражданская наука как инструмент научной коммуникации: анализ российской практики
Authors: Газоян Ани Грачиковна
Published: February 2021

Гражданская наука или citizen science – практика участия добровольцев, не имеющих специального образования, в научно-исследовательских проектах. Проекты в этой сфере являются неотъемлемой частью научной культуры многих стран. Особенно широкое распространение citizen science получило с появлением компьютерных и Интернет-технологий. Однако в России, несмотря на богатую историю популяризации науки, citizen science-проекты встречаются гораздо реже. Статья посвящена анализу причин и следствий низкой представленности citizen science в России. Использованы методы опроса, Интернет-аудита, а также экспертного интервью. Показано, что развитие citizen science в мировой науке конституирует ряд теоретических проблем. В то же время, в России практика citizen science развита слабо, так как ученые испытывают затруднения с рекрутингом волонтеров в свои научные проекты.
Враг среди фрагментов. Об одной идее в работе Д. Гребера «Фрагменты анархистской антропологии»
Authors: Артюх Александр Витальевич , Борисовский Андрей Владимирович
Published: February 2021

Дэвид Грэбер достаточно известен, чтобы предполагать основные темы его книги, которую только собираешься прочесть. «Фрагменты анархистской антропологии»1 в этом отношении вполне оправдывают ожидания, охватывая проблемы труда, собственности, власти и сопротивления ей. Все это, включая импликации из истории антропологии, тоже интересно, но опять-таки ожидаемо до небольшого раздела «К теории воображаемой контрвласти».
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FIRE RETARDANTS, PROMISING FOR THE CREATION OF NEW POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS INTENDED FOR AVIATION TECHNIQUES
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Barbotko S.L. , Bochenkov M.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Volnyj O.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Korobeinichev O.P. ,   Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shmakov A.G. ,   Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

Studies have been carried out on the effectiveness of the action of two types of fire retardants – graphene and an organic phosphorus-containing compound DOPO-THPO, introduced into an epoxy resin. The amount of fire retardants introduced was 0; 2 and 4% of the amount of epoxy resin. The efficiency was assessed by the oxygen index method (LOI). It was shown that for this epoxy resin, the introduction of graphene provided an increase in the oxygen index from 21 to 27%, and the introduction of the phosphorus-containing fire retardant DOPO-THPO – from 21 to 23%. With the simultaneous introduction of graphene (3%) and DOPO-THPO (1%), it was possible to achieve an increase in the oxygen index up to 28%.
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC AGEING ON THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Gulyev I.N. , Zelenina I.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Valevin E.O. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Khaskov M.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

Presents the results of of research of the properties of a series of high-temperature carbon plastics based on phthalonitrile resin after long-term exposure in various climatic zones: temperate climate, moderately warm climate with mild winters, warm humid climate, very cold climate are presented. The state of the surface of carbon fiber reinforced plastics has been investigated, their thermal stability and water absorption have been determined. After exposure, CFRPs showed high retention of properties from the level of the initial values: 80–90% at room temperature of tests and 60–75% at a temperature of 300 °С.
New Normal Context in Health Care Settings after COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Pathirathna Ravindra , Adikari Pamila S , Kumarawansa WKWS , Balasooriya Damitha , Senavirathna Mahendra
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that rapidly developed into a pandemic status. This deemed a need for new strategies to carry out routine health care activities. The recent practices and adaptations of the system as a response to the pandemic status were called a new normal situation. The aim of the study was to describe principles for adaptation to a new normal context for health care settings in COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review of literature was conducted based on policy documents, guidelines, and public notices issued by the government and other key policymakers from the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and Canada between June 15, 2020, and July 15, 2020, available on their government websites. The study revealed several principles, namely, enhanced surveillance, phasedown strategy for restoring routine services, vulnerability, dynamics of the service demand, new principles in human resource management, infection control measures, supply and usage of personal protective equipment, demand for intensive-care unit bed capacity, coordination and collaboration internally and externally, promotion and utility of remote care, ensuring equity, pre-hospital communication and assessment before reaching service facility, enhancing clinician participation in local-level decision-making, and risk assessments within all levels of service facility. The results of this study exposed new principles that facilitated managerial decision-making to the adaptation of new strategies. This new normal context created many challenges for resource management, which needed to consider dynamics of demand of services, prevention of spreading infections, and readiness for surge of cases while safeguarding quality and safety.
Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Tissue Engineered Heart Valve
Authors: Petchdee Soontaree , Chumsing Wilairat , Udomsom Suruk , Thunsiri Kittiya
Published: February 2021

Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is the most acquired heart disease in dogs. To reduce the clinical progression of mitral valve degeneration and achieve the hemodynamic outcomes, many medical or surgical treatments have been motivated. The objectives of this study is to investigate the suitability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells as a cell source for tissue engineered heart valves in dog with degenerative valve disease. Puppy deciduous teeth stem cells (pDSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds which made from polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PLC) and silicone. The mechanical properties of the tissue engineered heart valves leaflets were characterized by biaxial tensile tests. Results showed that, deciduous teeth stem cells capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. However, the ability of puppy deciduous teeth stem cells to differentiate declined with increasing passage number which correspond to the number of protein surface marker detection have been shown to decrease substantially by the fifth passage. PLA scaffold is significantly higher tensile strength than other materials. However, silicone showed the highest flaccidity. The results from this study may provide high regenerative capability and the essential information for future directions of heart valve tissue engineering.
Nitrogen and phosphorus management for Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) production-A review
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Uddin Md Kamal , Mohamed Mahmud Tengku Muda , Zuan Ali Tan Kee
Published: February 2021

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) has characteristics to grow in the marginal soil and also tolerant into the drought condition and also have potential of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is the key plant nutrient that stimulates root and shoot growth. Phosphorus application significantly improves many aspects of plant physiology including photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting and maturation which ultimately result in better yield. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a complex process, in which Rhizobium bacteria form a beneficial interaction with a legume crop to fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium for plant uptake. Biological N fixation (BNF) is the natural means to enhance soil fertility status and productivity. Application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer exerted significant effect on root development, photosynthesis, yield contributing character and pod yield of the crop. Bambara Groundnut yields are low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. But with application of nitrogen and phosphorus increase the yield of this crop. It’s seeds contain 63 percent carbohydrate, 19 percent protein and 6.5 percent oil and good source of fibre, calcium, iron and potassium.
Deployment of yellow mosaic disease resistance in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through interspecific hybridization
Authors: Ludhar Navkiran Kaur , Sirari Asmita , Bains T.S. , Sharma Abhishek , Patel S.A.H. , Sharma Pankaj , Rani Upasana , Cheema Harpreet Kaur
Published: February 2021

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus [Urdbean: New Delhi: 2011] Accession no. JQ398669.1, was found to be prevalent in both summer and kharif season causing Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) of mungbean. Since similar strain was observed in both the seasons, the short duration interspecific derivative lines of mungbean suitable for summer season were evaluated for YMD resistance in kharif season- a highly favourable environment for YMD epidemics during 2014-2016. Out of fourteen lines showing stable resistant reaction, few lines promising for other economically important traits were selected and again evaluated by whitefly mediated artificial inoculation technique for confirmation of resistance during 2017. The selected promising interspecific derivative lines showed no YMD symptoms except SML 1829. SML 1827 derived from interspecific cross between mungbean and rice bean showed highest yield among all interspecific derivatives. Further, rice bean specific segments were also identified in SML 1827 with SSR markers.
Influence of Peg-induced Drought Stress on Antioxidant Components of Callus Tissue of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Ecotypes
Authors: Beyaz Ramazan , Yıldız Mustafa
Published: February 2021

Background: Drought is one of the important abiotic stress factors that restrict plant development. Sainfoin is known to be relatively tolerant of drought. However, there are limited reports on the effects of drought stress on antioxidant components of Onobrychis species and/or ecotypes. Methods: To determine drought stress effects on antioxidant components of 4 sainfoin ecotypes (“Koçaþ”, “Malya”, “Altýnova” and “Ulaþ”), callus tissue was grown on MS medium enriched with 200 g l-1 PEG-6000. Result: Callus of the sainfoin ecotypes, cultured on a medium having 200 g l-1 PEG-6000, showed significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR (except in “Ulaþ” ecotype) and APX). However, the PEG induced increase in the accumulation of MDA and proline in callus tissue of all sainfoin ecotypes. The findings of the present study show that in terms of the increasing rate of antioxidant components under drought stress, the “Koçaþ” ecotype seemed to be the best.
Reticular patterned episcleral venous plexus and 360-degree episcleral venous fluid wave after hemi-gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy
Authors: Wiens Julia , Gooi Malcolm , Schlenker Matt , Gooi Teong Lam , Wentzell Danielle , Gooi Patrick
Published: February 2021

We describe a method for eliciting an episcleral venous fluid wave (EVFW) in eyes presenting with reticular patterned episcleral venous plexus, after a hemi-gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (hemi-GATT). To reduce the risk of post-operative hyphema and reduce intraoperative tissue manipulation, a hemi-GATT (targeting 180-degrees of Schlemm’s canal) was performed. Post-hemi-GATT, the ability to inject balanced salt solution and obtain an EVFW in both the treated (inferior) and untreated (superior) sectors of the eye supports the surgical success of the technique, and demonstrates an enhanced fluid outflow and subsequent vessel blanching. The pre-operative intraocular pressure of 20/21 mmHg in a single subject decreased to 18-, 12- and 15-mmHg after one day, one month and 3 months post-op, respectively, and the subject was rendered medication-free. This method of performing a hemi-GATT to effectively obtain an EVFW provides evidence for novel treatment algorithms in patients with a reticular episcleral venous plexus where identification of major outflow vessels is less apparent.
Kandungan antinutrisi, logam berat dan cemaran biologis tepung buah Sonneratia spp dan Rhizophora mucronata dari populasi hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Kupang
Authors:   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Kupang, E. Koeslulat Ermi , B. Prabawa Sigit
Published: February 2021

Mangrove degradation tend to increase due to excessive human activity such as land conversion, wood extraction for construction and fuel wood and nonmetallic extraction. The utilization of fruit of mangroves-in certain limits- can be an alternative way to convert the destructive utilization into more environmentally friendly one. This study aims to determine three types of flour i.e Sonneratia spp fruit flesh flour (SFFF), Rhizophora mucronata fruit skin flour (RSFF) ; and Rhizophora fruit flesh flour (RFFF). Since the utilization of SFFF is more developed in community than RSFF and RFFF, the SFFF is examined more than the two next. The analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Center for Agro-Based Industry and Laboratory of Study Center for Biopharmaca, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The examination of SFFF covered antinutrient content (tannin and cyanide acid (HCN)), heavy metal (Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As) and biological contaminants (total plate count, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp, mold and yeast). The examination of RSFF and RFFF covered only tannin as antinutrient and Pb, Mn, Cu, Hg and As as heavy metals. The results showed that SFFF met the SNI Standards for tannin, HCN, Hg, As, E.coli, B. cereus, Salmonella sp, molds and yeasts while the Cu and Mn did not. RSFF and RFFF met the standards for tannin, Hg and As, while Pb, Cu dan Mn content did not. These content may be reduced by increasing the soaking and boiling time.
PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SORGUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
Authors: Dewi Indriani , Rinduwati Rinduwati , Nohong Budiman
Published: February 2021

Sorgum manis merupakan tanaman serelia dengan daya toleransi yang luas terhadap iklim dan jenis tanah dan potensial sebagai penghasil bahan bakar ethanol. Pemanfaatan sorgum dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pangan, pakan, maupun industri. Peningkatan produksi sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan varietas unggul dan penggunaan pupuk yang tepat, selain itu sorgum juga dapat tumbuh subur di media tumbuh yang memiliki kandungan hara tinggi. Pupuk anorganik dapat memenuhi unsur hara tetapi selain harga yang mahal jenis pupuk ini mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Mengatasi permasalahan tersebut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan unsur hara salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan pupuk organik bokashi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk bokashi terhadap laju pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 Perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu T0: Tanpa Pupuk Bokashi, T1: Sorgum + Pupuk Bokashi 300 g/polybag, T2: Sorgum + Pupuk Bokashi 500 g/polybagdan T3: Sorgum + Pupuk Bokashi 700 g/polybag. Tinggi tanaman tertinggi T2 (1,79 m) dan yang terendah T0 (0,58 m). Jumlah helai daun tertinggi T2 (6,67 helai) dan yang terendah T0 (2,33 helai). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan pemberian pupuk bokashi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench).
Patterns and Determinants of Open Defecation among Urban People
Authors: Yulyani Vera , Febriani Christin Angelina , MS Shaharuddin , Hermawan Dessy
Published: February 2021

At the present time, an estimated of 673 million people defecate in the open space, not in private. Indonesia is a densely populated country with a lot of open defecation (OD) both in urban (37%) and rural areas (43%). Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict is an area in Bandar Lampung City with the highest percentage of OD practice (45%). This study aimed to explore and explain the patterns and determinants of OD among urban people in the Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict in- volving 377 respondents for quantitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using the chi square and regression analysis. After controlling the economic status and education level variables, the data revealed that urban communities were still practicing OD (23.3%) with land ownership, latrine ownership, conative attitude, and occupation as influential factors. Statistical test results showed that the most influential factor in the behavior of OD in the community was latrine ownership (p-value <0.001, OR adj = 58.2). These findings suggested that stakeholders must take action on landowners who do not allow sanitation facilities to be built on their land.
Assessment of Characteristics and Conditions before the End of Lockdown
Authors: San-Martín-Roldán David , Rojo-Lazo Francisca , Calzadilla-Núñez Aracelis , San-Martín-Roldán Pablo , Díaz-Calzadilla Patricia , Díaz-Narváez Víctor P
Published: February 2021

After months of blockades and restriction, the decision of the best time to end the lockdown after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is the big question for health rectors. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and conditions for ending the blockade after the first wave of COVID-19. Data on the variables of interest were subjected to linear and non-linear regression studies to determine the curve that best explains the data. The coefficient of determination, the standard deviation of y in x, and the observed curve of the confidence interval were estimated. Regression which was estimated subsequently revealed the trend curve. The study found that all dependent variables tend to decrease over time in a quadratic fashion, except for the variable for new cases. In general, the R2 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) estimates were satisfactory: gradual and cautious steps should be taken before ending the lockdown. The results suggested that a surveillance of crucial indicators (e.g., incidence, prevalence, and PCR test positivity) should be maintained before lockdown is terminated. Moreover, the findings indicated that long-term preparations should be made to contain future waves of new cases.
Real Time Borehole Stability Monitoring and Pre-drill Model Calibration using LWD Sonic — A Case Highlight.
Authors: Weaver Sophia , Xiao Xiaohui , Vines Rob
Published: February 2021

Borehole instability challenges can account for a significant percentage of non-productive time and associated costs in drilling. This is even more so in deepwater subsea wells due to high development costs coupled with the subsurface complexities associated with turbidite reservoirs. Pre-drill borehole stability studies in this field case were performed by evaluating offset well history and geophysical log data and calibrating these against direct well measurements and drilling experiences, with the objective of recommending the appropriate mud weight. However, the validation of the pre-drill borehole stability model derived from sonic data taken in the only offset well in the field was deemed necessary for effective borehole stability monitoring in this case. Additionally, the inability to run wireline in a highly deviated well fuelled the need for acoustic data acquisition using logging-while-drilling (LWD). Sonic data was acquired by LWD (a first in the field) and this aided mud weight optimization to successfully drill the well to TD without any borehole stability problems. This paper describes the application of this solution to managing well delivery uncertainties in a deepwater field and highlights the process, results and lessons from the event to aid future applications.
New Viewpoint on the Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Seychelles Plateau
Authors: Granath James , Rango Rolf , Emmet Pete , Ford Colin , Lambert Robert , Kasli Michael
Published: February 2021

We have reprocessed, re-imaged, and interpreted 10000+ km of legacy 2D seismic data in the Seychelles, particularly in the western part of the Plateau. Seychelles data have been difficult to image, particularly for the Mesozoic section: volcanics are a major attenuator of low frequency signal, and a hard water bottom contributes to signal problems. Enhanced low frequency techniques were applied to improve the signal fidelity in the 4 to 20 Hz range, and to remove spectral notches of shallow geologic origin. These efforts have allowed a reasonable view of the structure of the Plateau to a depth equivalent to about 3.5 sec TWT, and permit a comparison of areas atop the Plateau to the south coast where the three 1980's Amoco wells were drilled. It is clear that the main Plateau area of the Seychelles (excluding the outlying territories) is comprised of several separate basins, each with similar Karoo, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic sections that relate to the East African and West Indian conjugate margins, but the basins each have nuanced tectono-stratigraphic histories. The previously recognized Correira Basin in the SE and the East and West South Coast Basins face the African conjugate margin; other unimaged ones complete the periphery of the Plateau. The interior of the Plateau is dominated by the Silhouette Basin to the west of the main islands and the Mahé Basin to the east. The co astal basins have harsh tectono-thermal histories comparable to other continental margins around the world; they are typically characterized by stretching, subsidence and breakaway from their respective conjugate margins. In contrast the interior basins are comparable to ‘failed’ rift systems such as the North Sea or the Gulf of Suez. The South Coastal Basins, for example, tend to be more extended which complicated interpretation of the Amoco wells, but they have significant upside, as exemplified by the Beau Vallon structure. The interior basins, on the other hand, have typically simpler structure: the Silhouette Basin contains a system of NW-trending linked normal faults that could easily harbor North Sea-sized hydrocarbon traps with a variety of rift-related reservoir possibilities. Bright, reflective, hard volcanic horizons are less common than usually presumed, but most of the basins may contain considerable pyroclastic material in parts of the section. All of the basins appear to be predominantly oil prone, with considerable upside prospectivity.
Barik Reservoir Description- An Evolving Concept
Authors: Rashdi Khalil Al , Spain David
Published: February 2021

Khazzan field, situated in Block 61 in northern Oman, contains hydrocarbons at several deep levels, including the Barik, Miqrat, Amin and Buah formations. The Barik and Amin reservoirs are being developed in the southern portion of the block to produce 1 bcf/d of gas by end 2017. The development, jointly owned by Oman Oil Company (40%) and BP (60% and operator), will cost over 16 billion US$ and will include a central processing facility and surface facilities for about 300 wells. Most of the wells will be 1000m long horizontal wells, completed using multiple hydraulic fracturing techniques. The two other reservoirs, Miqrat and Buah, contain high H2S levels; these will not be developed at this phase due to high subsurface uncertainties and the cost to process the sour development.

This paper presents a case study of an evolving reservoir description of a large, tight gas reservoir, the Barik Formation. It is rare to embark on a major “greenfield” reservoir development of a tight gas reservoir with limited static and almost no dynamic data. The reservoir description is essential to the successful evaluation and management of the inherent subsurface uncertainty at this stage in the field development. Building an associated appraisal plan and being flexible to new understanding is required to make the development a success. The reservoir description is guiding the ongoing appraisal activities in an attempt to reduce the risk and increase the overall project value.

This paper presents the evolution of the reservoir description over the last 6 years of BP activity in Block 61 in the Sultanate of Oman. It reviews three stages of reservoir description: Pre-Appraisal, Mid-Appraisal, and Development. The pre-appraisal description was built using the pre-bid data package and published literature to support the commercial access decisions. The Mid Appraisal description provided a health-check for development readiness and appraisal plan revision. Finally, the Development description is presented in a 3D geo-cellular model which is based on the summary of the appraisal activities and supporting field development learnings. The paper discusses these descriptions and the benefits of the changing description, explanation of the advantages of front end loading at the early appraisal stage and how this has led us to our current state