bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Complete Response of Tumor Thrombus after Combined with Chemotherapy and Irradiation for Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Minami Yusuke , Matsumoto Seiichi , Ae Keisuke , Tanizawa Taisuke , Hayakawa Keiko , Funauchi Yuki , Okumura Sakae , Takazawa Yutaka
Published: January 2018

Pelvic Ewing sarcoma is associated with a worse prognosis. Thromboembolic events are relatively common in pediatric patients with cancers including sarcomas. We have presented a case of Ewing sarcoma arising from the left iliac bone with tumor thrombus of inferior vena cava (IVC) which was obtained complete response by both chemotherapy and irradiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated that the tumor arising from the left iliac bone extended into the left side of sacral bone, suggesting the difficulty of surgical resection. Computed tomography (CT) revealed the existence of the tumor thrombus of IVC. We performed irradiation (31.2 Gy) and chemotherapy (combination of VCR, Act-D, IFM, and ADR). The tumor was controlled successfully, and the tumor thrombus of IVC has completely vanished. Four years after the treatment, coin lesion in the left upper lung appeared. Suspected of metastasis, segmental resection of the left upper lung was performed. Fourteen years after the surgery, the patient has been remained free of recurrence. It is clinically significant for surgeons to treat pelvic Ewing sarcoma with tumor thrombus.
ADRB2 Arg16Gly Polymorphism and Pulmonary Function Response of Inhaled Corticosteroids plus Long-Acting Beta Agonists for Asthma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Xi , Li Qian , Liu Ruming , He Jin , Wu Di , Wang Yun , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2018

Background. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) Arg16Gly polymorphism may alter the bronchodilation response to long-acting beta2-agonists, thereby influencing the clinical effectiveness of LABAs plus corticosteroids (ICS) treatment. But the results of individual studies are inconclusive. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and VIP databases. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan statistical software (version 5.2), and potential publication bias was estimated by Egger’s test using STATA (version 12.0), with p<0.05 indicating significant publication bias. Results. We found 5 cohort studies with a total of 632 patients and included them in the meta-analysis. There are no significant differences in pulmonary function response between patients with the Arg/Arg and Arg/Gly phenotype (SMD −0.04, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.37; p=0.84). There were also no significant differences in the pulmonary function response between patients with the Arg/Arg and Gly/Gly phenotype (MD −0.03, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.02; p=0.28). Conclusions. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism is not associated with pulmonary response to asthma treatment with ICS plus LABAs.
The Effect of Propofol on Chronic Headaches in Patients Undergoing Endoscopy
Authors: Giampetro David , Ruiz-Velasco Victor , Pruett Ashlee , Wicklund Matthew , Knipe Robert
Published: January 2018

Objective. This study determined acute and long-term effects of propofol administration in patients with severe headaches undergoing endoscopic procedures. Background. Approximately 13% of the US population is affected by migraines or severe headaches. The effect of propofol on headaches more than a few days after the intervention has not been explored. Methods. We employed a nonrandomized, prospective observational study that recruited patients with chronic headaches who received propofol from an outpatient endoscopy center for either upper or lower endoscopies. Patients completed the six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) questionnaire prior to the procedure and 30 days after endoscopy. Additionally, the patients’ response to propofol two days after endoscopy was assessed via phone. Results. The age of the participants (n=31) ranged from 20 to 70 years. The mean HIT-6 composite scores were significantly lower (p<0.05) 30 days after propofol administration when compared to baseline scores. Upon stratification, 23 patients indicated an improved condition, 7 a worsened outcome, and 1 showed no change. Furthermore, mean scores were significantly lower (p<0.05) in three HIT-6 questions pertaining to the severity of pain, daily activity, and frequency of lying down. Finally, the mean pain score obtained was significantly lower (p<0.05) two days after procedure. Conclusions. The results of this suggest that propofol administration should be considered in treating chronic headaches. Double-blind studies are necessary to confirm these results.
The Benefits of an In-Office Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis of Unresolved Knee Pain
Authors: Chapman Garrett L. , Amin Nirav H.
Published: January 2018

We report a patient who developed persistent knee pain with mechanical symptoms after an uncomplicated patellofemoral arthroplasty. The etiology of his knee pain remained inconclusive following magnetic resonance imaging due to metallic artifact image distortion. With the use of an in-office needle arthroscopy, an immediate and definitive diagnosis was obtained, preventing an unnecessary surgery for a diagnostic arthroscopy. We discovered a lateral meniscus tear, an anterior cruciate ligament tear, and a medial femoral condyle chondral defect for which the patient underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, ligament reconstruction, and osteochondral allograft transplantation, with resolution of his knee pain.
Empirical Experience and Experimental Evaluation of Open5GCore over Hypervisor and Container
Authors: Chang Hung-Cheng , Qiu Bo-Jun , Chen Jyh-Cheng , Tan Tze-Jie , Ho Ping-Fan , Chiu Chen-Hao , Lin Bao-Shuh Paul
Published: January 2018

One of the most important technologies for future 5G networks is to utilize Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to virtualize the network components. NFV provides flexibility, short time to market, and low cost solution to build network services, which are important features of 5G networks. Although the idea of virtualization is just being applied to cellular networks, it has been used in the community of cloud computing. There are two main virtualization techniques, hypervisor and container. In this paper, we present our practical experience of virtualizing Open5GCore, a commercial product of SDN‐enabled Evolved Packet Core (EPC), over hypervisor and container. In addition to describing how to virtualize Open5GCore, we also present the experimental performance evaluation of the systems. Finally, some important lessons learned are provided.
A Review of Roof Harvested Rainwater in Australia
Authors: Chubaka Chirhakarhula E. , Whiley Harriet , Edwards John W. , Ross Kirstin E.
Published: January 2018

To address concern regarding water sustainability, the Australian Federal Government and many state governments have implemented regulatory mechanisms and incentives to support households to purchase and install rainwater harvesting systems. This has led to an increase in rainwater harvesting in regional and urban Australia. This review examines the implementation of the regulatory mechanisms across Australia. In addition, the literature investigating the potential health consequences of rainwater consumption in Australia was explored. Studies demonstrated that although trace metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and iron were present in Australian rainwater, these metallic elements were generally found below the health limit guideline, except in high industrial areas. In addition, pathogenic or indicator microorganisms that include, but are not limited to,Escherichia coli, total and faecal coliforms,Campylobacter,Salmonella,Legionella,Pseudomonas,Cryptosporidium, Enterococci,Giardia,Aeromonas, andMycobacterium aviumComplex (MAC) have been detected in rainwater collected in Australia. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that drinking rainwater does not increase the risk of gastrointestinal disease. It was also identified that there is a need for further research investigating the potential for rainwater to be a source of infection for opportunistic pathogens.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and PGC-1α in Cancer: Dual Actions as Tumor Promoter and Suppressor
Authors: Yun Seong-Hoon , Han Sang-Heum , Park Joo-In
Published: January 2018

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is part of a nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates gene expression involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, immune/inflammation response, and lipid metabolism. PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), initially identified as a PPARγ-interacting protein, is an important regulator of diverse metabolic pathways, such as oxidative metabolism and energy homeostasis. The role of PGC-1α in diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease is particularly well known. PGC-1α is also now known to play important roles in cancer, independent of the role of PPARγ in cancer. Though many researchers have studied the expression and clinical implications of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer, there are still many controversies about the role of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer. This review examines and summarizes some recent data on the role and action mechanisms of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer, respectively, particularly the recent progress in understanding the role of PPARγ in several cancers since our review was published in 2012.
Duo: Software Defined Intrusion Tolerant System Using Dual Cluster
Authors: Lee Yongjae , Lee Seunghyeon , Seo Hyunmin , Yoon Changhoon , Shin Seungwon , Yoon Hyunsoo
Published: January 2018

An intrusion tolerant system (ITS) is a network security system that is composed of redundant virtual servers that are online only in a short time window, called exposure time. The servers are periodically recovered to their clean state, and any infected servers are refreshed again, so attackers have insufficient time to succeed in breaking into the servers. However, there is a conflicting interest in determining exposure time, short for security and long for performance. In other words, the short exposure time can increase security but requires more servers to run in order to process requests in a timely manner. In this paper, we propose Duo, an ITS incorporated in SDN, which can reduce exposure time without consuming computing resources. In Duo, there are two types of servers: some servers with long exposure time (White server) and others with short exposure time (Gray server). Then, Duo classifies traffic into benign and suspicious with the help of SDN/NFV technology that also allows dynamically forwarding the classified traffic to White and Gray servers, respectively, based on the classification result. By reducing exposure time of a set of servers, Duo can decrease exposure time on average. We have implemented the prototype of Duo and evaluated its performance in a realistic environment.
Replacement of Ensemble Averaging by the Use of a Broadband Source in Scattering of Light from a One-Dimensional Randomly Rough Interface between Two Dielectric Media
Authors: Maradudin Alexei A. , Simonsen Ingve
Published: January 2018

By the use of phase perturbation theory we show that if a single realization of a one-dimensional randomly rough interface between two dielectric media is illuminated at normal incidence from either medium by a broadband Gaussian beam, it produces a scattered field whose differential reflection coefficient closely matches the result produced by averaging the differential reflection coefficient produced by a monochromatic incident beam over the ensemble of realizations of the interface profile function.
In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Hydroethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe brasiliensis (Crassulaceae) Leaves
Authors: Fonseca Aldilane Gonçalves , Ribeiro Dantas Luzia Leiros Sena Fernandes , Fernandes Júlia Morais , Zucolotto Silvana Maria , Lima Adley Antoninni Neves , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira , Rocha Hugo Alexandre Oliveira , Lemos Telma Maria Araújo Moura
Published: January 2018

The species Kalanchoe brasiliensis, known as “Saião,” has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antihistamine activities. It also has the quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids, which exert their therapeutic activities. With extensive popular use besides the defined therapeutical properties, the study of possible side effects is indispensable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity in vitro and in vivo from the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of K. brasiliensis. The action of the extract (concentrations from 0.1 to 1000 uL/100 uL) in normal and tumor cells was evaluated using the MTT method. Acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity were evaluated in mice with doses of 250 to 1000 mg/kg orally, following recognized protocols. The in vitro results indicated cytotoxic activity for 3T3 cell line (normal) and 786-0 (kidney carcinoma), showing the activity to be concentration-dependent, reaching 92.23% cell inhibition. In vivo, the extract showed no significant toxicity; only liver changes related to acute toxicity and some signs of liver damage, combining biochemical and histological data. In general, the extract showed low or no toxicity, introducing itself as safe for use with promising therapeutic potential.
Total Variation Image Restoration Method Based on Subspace Optimization
Authors: Liu XiaoGuang , Gao XingBao
Published: January 2018

The alternating direction method is widely applied in total variation image restoration. However, the search directions of the method are not accurate enough. In this paper, one method based on the subspace optimization is proposed to improve its optimization performance. This method corrects the search directions of primal alternating direction method by using the energy function and a linear combination of the previous search directions. In addition, the convergence of the primal alternating direction method is proven under some weaker conditions. Thus the convergence of the corrected method could be easily obtained since it has same convergence with the primal alternating direction method. Numerical examples are given to show the performance of proposed method finally.
Global Dynamics and Bifurcations Analysis of a Two‐Dimensional Discrete‐Time Lotka‐Volterra Model
Authors: Khan A. Q. , Qureshi M. N.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, global dynamics and bifurcations of a two‐dimensional discrete‐time Lotka‐Volterra model have been studied in the closed first quadrant . It is proved that the discrete model has three boundary equilibria and one unique positive equilibrium under certain parametric conditions. We have investigated the local stability of boundary equilibria O(0,0), A((α1 − 1)/α3, 0), B(0, (α4 − 1)/α6) and the unique positive equilibrium C(((α1 − 1)α6 − α2(α4 − 1))/(α3α6 − α2α5), (α3(α4 − 1) + α5(1 − α1))/(α3α6 − α2α5)), by the method of linearization. It is proved that the discrete model undergoes a period‐doubling bifurcation in a small neighborhood of boundary equilibria A((α1 − 1)/α3, 0), B(0, (α4 − 1)/α6) and a Neimark‐Sacker bifurcation in a small neighborhood of the unique positive equilibrium C(((α1 − 1)α6 − α2(α4 − 1))/(α3α6 − α2α5), (α3(α4 − 1) + α5(1 − α1))/(α3α6 − α2α5)). Further it is shown that every positive solution of the discrete model is bounded and the set [0, α1/α3] × [0, α4/α6] is an invariant rectangle. It is proved that if α1 < 1 and α4 < 1, then equilibrium O(0,0) of the discrete model is a global attractor. Finally it is proved that the unique positive equilibrium C(((α1 − 1)α6 − α2(α4 − 1))/(α3α6 − α2α5), (α3(α4 − 1) + α5(1 − α1))/(α3α6 − α2α5)) is a global attractor. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate theoretical results.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Palladium Crystals Enclosed by (100) Facets by Seed-Mediated Fabrication
Authors: Higuchi Eiji , Kawai Masashi , Chiku Masanobu , Inoue Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Pd crystals enclosed by (100) facets were prepared in an aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent at 30, 40, and 50°C by a modified seed-mediated fabrication technique. Regardless of the reaction temperature, the absorption peak between 300 and 400 nm assigned to PdCl42- decreased with an increase in the reaction time after the addition of ascorbic acid in the PdCl42- aqueous solution containing CTAB because of Pd deposition. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Pd crystals were enclosed by only (100) facets, and their fractions depended on the reaction temperature. The ratios of the peak current at 0.54 and 0.48 V were 0.60, 0.54, and 0.47 for the samples prepared at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively, suggesting that the proportion of the (100) facet on the Pd surface was higher at lower temperatures.
Higher Dimensional Charged Black Hole Solutions in f(R) Gravitational Theories
Authors: Nashed G. G. L.
Published: January 2018

We present, without any assumption, a class of electric and magnetic flat horizon D-dimension solutions for a specific class of f(R)=R+αR2, all of which behave asymptotically as Anti-de-Sitter spacetime. The most interesting property of these solutions is that the higher dimensions black holes, D>4, always have constant electric and magnetic charges in contrast to what is known in the literature. For D=4, we show that the magnetic field participates in the metric on equal foot as the electric field participates. Another interesting result is the fact that the Cauchy horizon is not identical with the event horizon. We use Komar formula to calculate the conserved quantities. We study the singularities and calculate the Hawking temperature and entropy and show that the first law of thermodynamics is always satisfied.
Hemorrhagic Tamponade as Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus with Subsequent Refractory and Progressive Lupus Myocarditis Resulting in Cardiomyopathy and Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Marijanovich Nicole , Halalau Alexandra
Published: January 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical and serological manifestations. Cardiac disease among patients with SLE is common and can involve the pericardium, myocardium, valves, conduction system, and coronary arteries. We are reporting a case of SLE in a young woman that is unique is unique in that initial symptoms consisted of pericarditis and hemorrhagic tamponade which remained progressive and resistant to aggressive immunosuppressive treatment and led to severe cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction of 25%) and severe (+4) mitral regurgitation. Her immunosuppressive treatment included hydroxychloroquine, high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. Her disease progression was felt to be due to underlying uncontrolled SLE because the complement levels remained persistently low throughout the entire course and PET Myocardial Perfusion and Viability study showed stable persistent active inflammation. Eventually, she was treated with cyclophosphamide which led to improvement in ejection fraction to 55% with only mild mitral regurgitation.
Pricing Vulnerable Options with Market Prices of Common Jump Risks under Regime-Switching Models
Authors: Han Miao , Song Xuefeng , Niu Huawei , Zhou Shengwu
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the valuation of vulnerable European options considering the market prices of common systematic jump risks under regime-switching jump-diffusion models. The way of regime-switching Esscher transform is adopted to identify an equivalent martingale measure for pricing vulnerable European options. Explicit analytical pricing formulae for vulnerable European options are derived by risk-neutral pricing theory. For comparison, the other two cases are also considered separately. The first case considers all jump risks as unsystematic risks while the second one assumes all jumps risks to be systematic risks. Numerical examples for the valuation of vulnerable European options are provided to illustrate our results and indicate the influence of the market prices of jump risks on the valuation of vulnerable European options.
Stress Corrosion Behavior of Ungrouted Pretensioned Concrete Beams
Authors: Saraswathy Velu , Lee Han-Seung , Karthick Subbiah , Kwon Seung-Jun
Published: January 2018

Prestressed concrete beams of size 150 × 150 × 1000 mm were designed, and two bonded cold‐drawn 7 mm steel wires were stressed at 70% UTS under service conditions before concreting. The beams were cast with M40 grade concrete mix with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of cement and cured for 28 days. After 28 days, the stretching forces were released, the prestressing steel wire was allowed to regain its original length, the tensile stresses were transformed into a compressive stress in the concrete, and the stress corrosion behavior was assessed. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is due to the simultaneous action of stress, corrosive media, and material properties. The stress corrosion behavior of ungrouted pretensioned steel was assessed by using various electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical noise, open‐circuit potential measurement, AC impedance, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The same experiments were conducted for rebars embedded in the concrete beam with various percentages of chlorides ranging from 0, 1, 2, and 3% by weight of chloride. After 30 days of exposure, the beams were tested for their flexural strength measurements to find out the load‐bearing capacity.
Updating Neighbour Cell List via Crowdsourced User Reports: A Framework for Measuring Time Performance
Authors: Checco A. , Lancia C. , Leith D. J.
Published: January 2018

In modern wireless networks deployments, each serving node needs to keep its Neighbour Cell List (NCL) constantly up to date to keep track of network changes. The time needed by each serving node to update its NCL is an important parameter of the network’s reliability and performance. An adequate estimate of such parameter enables a significant improvement of self‐configuration functionalities. This paper focuses on the update time of NCLs when an approach of crowdsourced user reports is adopted. In this setting, each user periodically reports to the serving node information about the set of nodes sensed by the user itself. We show that, by mapping the local topological structure of the network onto states of increasing knowledge, a crisp mathematical framework can be obtained, which allows in turn for the use of a variety of user mobility models. Further, using a simplified mobility model we show how to obtain useful upper bounds on the expected time for a serving node to gain Full Knowledge of its local neighbourhood.
Assigning Clinical Significance and Symptom Severity Using the Zung Scales: Levels of Misclassification Arising from Confusion between Index and Raw Scores
Authors: Dunstan Debra A. , Scott Ned
Published: January 2018

Background. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) are two norm-referenced scales commonly used to identify the presence of depression and anxiety in clinical research. Unfortunately, several researchers have mistakenly applied index score criteria to raw scores when assigning clinical significance and symptom severity ratings. This study examined the extent of this problem.Method. 102 papers published over the six-year period from 2010 to 2015 were used to establish two convenience samples of 60 usages of each Zung scale.Results. In those papers where cut-off scores were used (i.e., 45/60 for SDS and 40/60 for SAS), up to 51% of SDS and 45% of SAS papers involved the incorrect application of index score criteria to raw scores. Inconsistencies were also noted in the severity ranges and cut-off scores used.Conclusions. A large percentage of publications involving the Zung SDS and SAS scales are using incorrect criteria for the classification of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. The most common error—applying index score criteria to raw scores—produces a substantial elevation of the cut-off points for significance. Given the continuing usage of these scales, it is important that these inconsistencies be highlighted and resolved.
Different Chondrogenic Potential among Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Diverse Origin Primary Cells
Authors: Rim Yeri Alice , Nam Yoojun , Park Narae , Jung Hyerin , Jang Yeonsue , Lee Jennifer , Ju Ji Hyeon
Published: January 2018

Scientists have tried to reprogram various origins of primary cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Every somatic cell can theoretically become a hiPSC and give rise to targeted cells of the human body. However, there have been debates on the controversy about the differentiation propensity according to the origin of primary cells. We reprogrammed hiPSCs from four different types of primary cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DF, n=3), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n=3), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC, n=3), and osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OAFLS, n=3). Established hiPSCs were differentiated into chondrogenic pellets. All told, cartilage-specific markers tended to express more by the order of CBMC > DF > PBMC > FLS. Origin of primary cells may influence the reprogramming and differentiation thereafter. In the context of chondrogenic propensity, CBMC-derived hiPSCs can be a fairly good candidate cell source for cartilage regeneration. The differentiation of hiPSCs into chondrocytes may help develop “cartilage in a dish” in the future. Also, the ideal cell source of hiPSC for chondrogenesis may contribute to future application as well.
Immune Toxicity with Checkpoint Inhibition for Metastatic Melanoma: Case Series and Clinical Management
Authors: Lomax Anna J. , Lim Jennifer , Cheng Robert , Sweeting Arianne , Lowe Patricia , McGill Neil , Shackel Nicholas , Chua Elizabeth L. , McNeil Catriona
Published: January 2018

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies) are a standard of care for advanced melanoma. Novel toxicities comprise immune-related adverse events (irAE). With increasing use, irAE require recognition, practical management strategies, and multidisciplinary care. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence, kinetics, and management of irAE in 41 patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody therapy (pembrolizumab) for advanced melanoma. 63% received prior anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy (ipilimumab). IrAE occurred in 54%, most commonly dermatological (24%), rheumatological (22%), and thyroid dysfunction (12%). Thyroiditis was characterised by a brief asymptomatic hyperthyroid phase followed by a symptomatic hypothyroid phase requiring thyroxine replacement. Transplant rejection doses of methylprednisolone were necessary to manage refractory hepatotoxicity. A bullous pemphigoid-like skin reaction with refractory pruritus responded to corticosteroids and neuropathic analgesia. Disabling grade 3-4 oligoarthritis required sulfasalazine therapy in combination with steroids. The median interval between the last dose of anti-CTLA-4 antibody and the first dose of anti-PD-1 therapy was 2.0 months (range: 0.4 to 22.4). Toxicities may occur late; this requires vigilance and multidisciplinary management which may allow effective anticancer therapy to continue. Management algorithms for thyroiditis, hypophysitis, arthralgia/arthritis, colitis, steroid-refractory hepatitis, and skin toxicity are discussed.
Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments of “La Zacatecana” Lagoon, Mexico
Authors: Covarrubias Sergio A. , Flores de la Torre Juan Armando , Maldonado Vega María , Avelar González Francisco Javier , Peña Cabriales Juan José
Published: January 2018

Anthropogenic activities have greatly increased heavy metal pollution worldwide. Due to inadequate waste management, mining is one of the chief causes. One particularly affected area in Mexico is the “La Zacatecana” Lagoon, in the municipality of Guadalupe, Zacatecas. From colonial times until the mid-nineteenth century, about 20 million tons of mine tailings were deposited at this site. Here, we catalogue the heavy metal content and their distribution in soils and sediments of La Zacatecana. The mobility of lead in soils was also assayed by sequential extraction. Concentrations of the different metals analysed were as follows: Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Hg > Cd. Site VIII accumulated the highest amount of Pb (3070 mg·kg−1) sevenfold more than the limit established by the Mexican standards for agricultural soils (i.e., 400 mg·kg−1). On the other hand, the contents of Cd, Cr, and Ni were within the levels accepted by the above normativity, set at 37, 280, and 1600 mg·kg−1, respectively. Concentrations of Hg and Pb were highest in the north-northwest zone of the lagoon and decreased towards the southeast. Except for Site VIII where 30% of the Pb was in an interchangeable form or bound to carbonates, most Pb in La Zacatecana soils was present in an unavailable form, associated with Fe-Mn oxides.
Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Dengue Patients in Mexico
Authors: Machain-Williams Carlos , Raga Eric , Baak-Baak Carlos M. , Kiem Sungmin , Blitvich Bradley J. , Ramos Celso
Published: January 2018

To increase our understanding of the consequences of dengue virus infection during pregnancy, a retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of all completed pregnancies (live births and pregnancy losses) at nine public hospitals in the Gulf of Mexico from January to October 2013. Eighty-two patients developed clinical, laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infections while pregnant. Of these, 54 (65.9%) patients were diagnosed with dengue without warning signs, 15 (18.3%) patients were diagnosed with dengue with warning signs, and 13 (15.9%) patients had severe dengue. Five (38.5%) patients with severe dengue experienced fetal distress and underwent emergency cesarean sections. Four patients delivered apparently healthy infants of normal birthweight while the remaining patient delivered a premature infant of low birthweight. Patients died of multiple organ failure during or within 10 days of the procedure. Severe dengue was also associated with obstetric hemorrhage (30.8%, four cases), preeclampsia (15.4%, two cases), and eclampsia (7.7%, one case). These complications were less common or absent in patients in the other two disease categories. Additionally, nonsevere dengue was not associated with maternal mortality, fetal distress, or adverse neonatal outcomes. In summary, the study provides evidence that severe dengue during pregnancy is associated with a high rate of fetal distress, cesarean delivery, and maternal mortality.
Dysmenorrhea among University Health Science Students, Northern Ethiopia: Impact and Associated Factors
Authors: Yesuf Teshager Aklilu , Eshete Nigist Assefa , Sisay Eskinder Ayalew
Published: January 2018

Background. It is estimated that more than half of all women in adolescence age suffer from dysmenorrhea and it often interferes with their daily physical and emotional aspects. It is the leading cause of short-term school absenteeism and is associated with a negative impact on academic and daily activities. Objectives. To investigate impacts of dysmenorrhea, factors associated with it, and its self-management strategies used by health science students. Methods. A cross-sectional institution based study was conducted among 246 Mekelle University health science students selected by stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administered semistructured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Results. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 71.8%. Participants who had long menstrual cycle interval, long menses flows, and positive family history and who were alcohol users were more likely to had dysmenorrhea. Participants reported that 28.6% feel depressed, 16.2% are absent from class, and 22.9% had poor personal relationship due to dysmenorrhea and 78.2% of them practiced self-medication. Conclusion. Dysmenorrhea is common among Mekelle University health science students and it is major problem representing the cause of feeling depressed, poor personal relationship, and class absenteeism. Majority of the study participants used self-medication to treat dysmenorrhea.
Hong Kong Consensus Statements for the Management of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cheung Tom Tan-To , Kwok Philip Chong-Hei , Chan Stephen , Cheung Chin-Cheung , Lee Ann-Shing , Lee Victor , Cheng Hoi-Ching , Chia Nam-Hung , Chong Charing C.N. , Lai Tak-Wing , Law Ada L.Y. , Luk Mai-Yee , Tong Chi Chung , Yau Thomas C.C.
Published: January 2018

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly prevalent in Hong Kong due to the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection. Liver cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death. Due to the high case load, there is a high level of local expertise in treating HCC, and the full spectrum of treatment modalities is available. This document summarizes how these modalities should be used based on the latest evidence. Summary: In 2 meetings held in early 2017, a multidisciplinary group of Hong Kong clinicians, including liver surgeons, interventional radiologists, clinical oncologists, and medical oncologists, met to update local consensus statements for management of HCC. These statements are based on the latest evidence and give detailed guidance on how to deploy these modalities, in particular for cases of HCC which are not suited to surgical resection. Key Messages: These statements give detailed information on how to decide if a patient is a candidate for resection, methods to improve candidacy for resection, and guidance for use of various nonsurgical interventions to manage patients ineligible for resection.
Dynamic Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Children and Adolescents with Non-Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Uçaktürk Seyit Ahmet , Alışık Murat , Uğur Çağatay , Elmaoğulları Selin , Mengen Eda , Erel Özcan
Published: January 2018

Objective: To evaluate the thiol/disulphide homeostasis in children with non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT). Subjects and Methods: Thiol/disulphide homeosta sis, involving native thiol (SH), disulphide (SS), and total thiol (SS + SH), was evaluated in 60 children and adolescents who were negative for thyroid auto-antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin) and had a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of > 5 mIU/L, and in 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects who were negative for thyroid autoantibodies and had normal TSH levels. Lipid profiles and urine iodine levels were also determined. Results: SH (466 ± 32.8 vs. 462 ± 32.1 μmol/L p = 0.59), SH + SS (508 ± 34.0 vs. 506 ± 32.7 μmol/L, p = 0.81), SS (21 ± 5.5 vs. 22 ± 5.8 μmol/L, p = 0.41), SS/SH (4.5 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3%, p = 0.36), SS/SH + SS (4.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.1%, p = 0.36) and SH/SH + SS (91 ± 2.1 vs. 91 ± 2.1%, p = 0.31) levels were similar in children with SHT and control subjects (p > 0.05). There was no difference between total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels in SHT patients and controls. No difference was detected between the patients with or without iodine deficiency in the SHT group in terms of thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters. Conclusion: The status of dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis did not change in children and adolescents with non-autoimmune SHT. Future studies are needed for the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with long-standing non-autoimmune SHT.
Cardiovascular Safety, Long‐Term Noncardiovascular Safety, and Efficacy of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Lin , Zhu Qing‐Qing , Chen Yu‐Han , Li Xue‐Ling , Chen Fu , Huang Jian‐An , Xu Biao
Published: January 2018

Background

The cardiovascular and long‐term noncardiovascular safety and efficacy of
SGLT
2 (sodium–glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors have not been well documented.

Methods and Results

For cardiovascular outcomes, we performed a meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational studies, each with a minimum of 26 weeks and 2000 patient‐years of follow‐up. For long‐term noncardiovascular safety and efficacy outcome analyses, we included only randomized controlled trials with at least 2 years and 1000 patient‐years of follow‐up. Five studies with 351 476 patients were included in cardiovascular outcomes analysis. Meta‐analyses showed that
SGLT
2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risks of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [
HR
]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 0.69–0.92;
P
=0.002), all‐cause mortality (
HR
: 0.67; 95%
CI
, 0.54–0.84;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (
HR
: 0.77; 95%
CI,
0.60–0.98;
P
=0.03), nonfatal myocardial infarction (
HR
: 0.86; 95%
CI
, 0.76–0.98;
P
=0.02), hospitalization for heart failure (
HR
: 0.62; 95%
CI
, 0.55–0.69;
P
<0.001), and progression of albuminuria (
HR
: 0.68; 95%
CI
, 0.58–0.81;
P
<0.001). No significant difference in nonfatal stroke was found. Analyses limited to randomized controlled trials showed similar findings. Trial sequential analysis provided firm evidence of a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiac events, all‐cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure with
SGLT
2 inhibitors, but evidence remains inconclusive for cardiovascular mortality. Nine randomized controlled trials contributed to long‐term noncardiovascular and efficacy analyses.
SGLT
2 inhibitors reduced incidence of hypoglycemia and acute kidney injury but increased the risks of urinary tract and genital infections.

Conclusions

SGLT
2 inhibitors showed remarkable cardiovascular‐ and renal‐protective effects and good long‐term noncardiovascular safety with sustained efficacy.
Comparative Cardiovascular Risk of Abatacept and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With and Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Multidatabase Cohort Study
Authors: Kang Eun Ha , Jin Yinzhu , Brill Gregory , Lewey Jennifer , Patorno Elisabetta , Desai Rishi J. , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: January 2018

Background

We examined the cardiovascular risk of abatacept compared with tumor necrosis factor (
TNF
) inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without diabetes mellitus (
DM
).

Methods and Results

We conducted a cohort study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who newly started abatacept or
TNF
inhibitors using claims data from Medicare and MarketScan. The primary outcome was a composite cardiovascular end point of myocardial infarction (
MI
), stroke/transient ischemic attack, and coronary revascularization. To account for >60 baseline characteristics, abatacept initiators were 1:1 propensity score (
PS
) matched to
TNF
initiators in each database. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratio (
HR
) and 95% confidence interval (
CI
) in the
PS
‐matched cohort per database. A fixed‐effects meta‐analysis pooled database‐specific
HR
s. We included a total of 13 039
PS
‐matched pairs of abatacept and
TNF
inhibitor initiators (6103 pairs in Medicare and 6936 pairs in MarketScan). A total of 34.7% in Medicare and 19.8% in MarketScan had baseline
DM
. The
HR
(95%
CI
) for the primary outcome associated with abatacept use versus
TNF
inhibitor was 0.81 (0.66–0.99) in Medicare and 0.95 (0.74–1.23) in MarketScan, with a pooled
HR
of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73–1.01;
P
=0.3 for heterogeneity). The risk of the primary outcome was lower in abatacept initiators versus
TNF
inhibitors in the
DM
subgroup, with a pooled
HR
of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.57–0.96;
P
=0.7 for heterogeneity), but not in the non‐
DM
subgroup, with a pooled
HR
of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.77–1.14;
P
=0.4 for heterogeneity).

Conclusions

In this large population‐based cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, abatacept use appeared to be associated with a modestly reduced cardiovascular risk when compared with
TNF
inhibitor use, particularly in patients with DM.
Modeling drivers’ speed choice on roads with complex shapes based on the curvature of the preview trajectory
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhao Jun , Shao Yiming
Published: January 2018

The target speed needs to be determined based on the geometry of the road ahead and current operational state in order to realize automated driving along complex mountain roads. However, existing speed prediction and V85 models are unable to do so. This paper proposes a speed decision algorithm that is based on the curvature of the preview trajectory. Firstly, the trajectory point in each preview cross-section within the driver’s sight window is determined; the curvature of the preview trajectory is calculated and used as input data. Secondly, an objective function is selected to set the speed control pattern: minimum travel time; maximum comfort; minimum deviation from the reference speed; or multiple weighted objectives. Thirdly, the speed value for the preview cross-section is solved by optimizing the selected objective function. As the sight window rolls ahead, the target speed can be determined along the traveling distance. Because the trajectory generated within the boundary of the pavement is used by the driver, parameters such as the change in curve radius, deflection angle, lane width, and spiral length can change the driving boundary, which can change the trajectory characteristics and thus affect the target speed. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is able to determine the speed for roads with complex shapes. The field validation and simulation cases demonstrated that the target speed profile of different driving patterns can be obtained for different combinations of trajectory and speed patterns. Thus, the model can simulate diverse real-world driving behaviors and explain the diversity in driving speeds of different drivers.
Mixed filter design for nonlinear singular Markovian jump systems with time-varying delays based on a dissipativity performance index
Authors: Zuo Jing , Liu Guobao , Wei Yunliang , Wei Zhenda , Feng Junwen
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the problem of dissipative filtering for a class of nonlinear singular Markovian Jump systems (SMJSs) with time-varying delays. Our consideration is centered on the design of a mixed filter that can contain both mode-dependent and mode-independent filters in a unified framework. By using a delay-decomposition approach and constructing a mode-dependent stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, sufficient delay-dependent conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which guarantee the considered nonlinear SMJSs to be stochastically admissible with a dissipativity performance [Formula: see text]. Based on the conditions, the existence conditions and parameters of the desired filter are obtained. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the reduced conservatism and the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Alternative forms of media, ICTs, and underprivileged groups in China
Authors: Yin Siyuan
Published: January 2018

This article discusses uses of alternative forms of media and information communication technologies (ICTs) by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy organizations for underprivileged and marginalized groups in China, specifically rural-to-urban migrant workers. Drawing from the conceptual framework of alternative media and ICTs for social change, I analyze a local NGO’s community newspaper for migrant workers and an online advocacy media organization targeting female migrant workers. The two cases present sustainable and organized modes of alternative media production that enable deliberative spaces for migrant workers’ collective expression. Analyzing semi-structured interviews with editors and migrant worker-authors, as well as published articles and reader responses, I examine thematic content and processes of production and distribution. Migrant workers’ articulations through alternative media constitute a daily mode of activism and resistance. Demonstrating that communal and organizational support can mobilize underprivileged groups to participate in alternative and collective media production for social inclusion and equality, the study considers the transformative potential of alternative media and ICTs. I argue that such transformative potential should not be taken for granted. Integrating local conditions into analysis is crucial to clarifying how, and with what constraints, alternative forms of media and ICTs may contribute to social change.
Medellin Library Parks
Authors: Granda Renny , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D.
Published: January 2018

Medellin Library Parks represent a successful case of urban planning that constructed a social pact for the city of Medellin (Colombia), which transitioned from being one of the most violent cities in the world to the most innovative one. This work presents the Medellin Library Parks initiative as research, socialization, education, recreation and leisure spaces; their conceptualization as a new kind of public library, the strategic plan behind them, their results, awards and potential influence in other Latin American countries.
Long-term Follow-up of Revision Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Ankle
Authors: Gaul Florian , Tírico Luís E. P. , McCauley Julie C. , Bugbee William D.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a useful alternative for treatment of posttraumatic ankle arthritis in young patients but has a relatively high failure rate and further procedures are often required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients who underwent revision OCA transplantation of the ankle after failed primary OCA transplantation.

Methods:

Twenty patients underwent revision OCA transplantation of the ankle between 1988 and 2015. Mean age was 44 years, 55% (11 of 20) were female. The mean time from primary to revision OCA was 3.0 ± 1.7 years. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes included the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM) and questionnaires evaluating pain and satisfaction. Failure of the revision OCA was defined as a conversion to arthroplasty, arthrodesis, or amputation.

Results:

Ten of 20 ankles required further surgery, of which 30% (6 of 20) were considered OCA revision failures (4 arthrodeses, 1 arthroplasty, and 1 amputation). The mean time to failure was 6.7 (range, 0.6-13.1) years. Survivorship of the revision OCA was 84% at 5 years and 65% at 10 years. The 14 patients with grafts remaining in situ had an average follow-up of 10.3 years; mean AAOS-FAM Core Score was 70.5 (range, 42.3-99). Of the patients who answered the follow-up questions, 4 of 7 reported moderate to severe pain, and 5 of 12 were satisfied with the results of the procedure.

Conclusion:

Although the results of revision ankle OCA transplantation are not inferior to primary OCA transplantation, the high rates of persistent pain, further surgery, and graft failure suggest that the indications for OCA as a revision procedure should be carefully evaluated, with proper patient selection. Considering the treatment alternatives, revising a failed OCA transplantation can be a useful treatment option, especially for young and active patients who wish to avoid arthrodesis or arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.