bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Community-Based Child Health Integrated Program in Iran: A Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation
Authors: Barzegari Maliheh , Fathollahi Pourya , Afsharpour Fatemeh , Foroumandi Elaheh
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The community-based Child Health Integrated Program (CHIP) was established to improve children’s health status in Iran. The current study was performed to understand how this program was implemented and experienced by the care providers and target group.

Methods: A total number of 249 mothers who had children under 5 years (clients) and 70 caregivers (providers) were selected from 42 health care centers of Tabriz city to participate in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using two separated semi-structured interviews as well as self-developed questionnaires. The mixed-method process evaluation study was examined and reported the exposure and satisfaction status of the clients, and reach, delivery, fidelity rates, and contextual factors toward the CHIP.

Results: Overall, low reach (11.2%), moderate-exposure (62.6%), and high satisfaction (80.1%) rates of the clients were reported to the program. The fidelity rate of the program tools was 42.9%, considered as an inadequate rate. Anthropometric measurement and vaccination of the children, as well as face-to-face training sessions for the mothers, were well delivered. However, some parts of the program including follow-up and group training sessions were delivered poorly.

Conclusions: This process evaluation study demonstrated that the CHIP is a promising intervention for improving children's health care. However, the barriers identified in this study warrant consideration in subsequent health care needs among children. Further research is required to identify ways to improve the implementation and delivery of this intervention.

Practice Implications: There is a dire need to enter some audit and feedback strategies in the form of monthly tracking of process indicators to extent of implementation of intervention components.
T-Cell Lymphomas, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Horwitz Steven M. , Ansell Stephen , Ai Weiyun Z. , Barnes Jeffrey , Barta Stefan K. , Brammer Jonathan , Clemens Mark W. , Dogan Ahmet , Foss Francine , Ghione Paola , Goodman Aaron M. , Guitart Joan , Halwani Ahmad , Haverkos Bradley M. , Hoppe Richard T. , Jacobsen Eric , Jagadeesh Deepa , Jones Allison , Kallam Avyakta , Kim Youn H. , Kumar Kiran , Mehta-Shah Neha , Olsen Elise A. , Rajguru Saurabh A. , Rozati Sima , Said Jonathan , Shaver Aaron , Shea Lauren , Shinohara Michi M. , Sokol Lubomir , Torres-Cabala Carlos , Wilcox Ryan , Wu Peggy , Zain Jasmine , Dwyer Mary , Sundar Hema
Published: March 2022

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders arising from mature T cells, accounting for about 10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PTCL-not otherwise specified is the most common subtype, followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase–negative, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. This discussion section focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of PTCLs as outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for T-Cell Lymphomas.
An Updated Approach and Understanding of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mehta-Shah Neha , Ghione Paola
Published: March 2022

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare subtype of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is usually localized to the fluid and capsule surrounding a breast implant. There have only been <1,000 cases and 36 deaths reported to date and the average patient presents 7 to 10 years following initial breast implant placement. Most patients present with delayed seromas, a breast mass, capsular abnormalities, lymphadenopathy, or cutaneous masses. Unlike other forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, most cases are cured with surgery alone. The challenge of BIA-ALCL surrounds its rarity—in regard to both its diagnosis as well as the limited available data to guide therapy for more advanced cases. Careful pathology evaluation to analyze both the fluid surrounding the capsule and the capsule itself is critical. Studies to identify which patients are at greater risk of development of this rare entity are ongoing.
El paper d’Alfred Morel-Fatio en els inicis de la catalanística
Authors: Bernat i Baltrons Francesc
Published: March 2022

El nostre objectiu en aquest article és fer una síntesi dels principals estudis d’Alfred Morel-Fatio sobre llengua i literatura catalanes, així com definir el seu paper en la catalanística del segle XIX, especialment a França però també a la resta d’Europa. Cal saber que aquest erudit francès va tenir un paper cabdal en el desplegament dels estudis universitaris catalans fora del nostre àmbit lingüístic, a banda de fer aportacions significatives al desplegament de la filologia catalana. Així, arribem a la conclusió que Morel-Fatio té el mèrit de ser el primer professor que va introduir l’estudi de la llengua i la literatura catalanes a les aules universitàries. A banda d’això, no es pot obviar la influència dels seus resums sobre història de la llengua i la literatura catalanes publicats al Grundriss, perquè van ser la principal descripció sobre aquesta part de la nostra cultura disponible per als romanistes europeus de l’època. A més, van contribuir decisivament al desenvolupament de la filologia catalana moderna en repercutir sobre l’obra de diversos filòlegs catalans.
El focus contrastiu en traduccions anglès-català: equivalències de traducció i estudi de corpus
Authors: Francesch Sabaté Pau
Published: March 2022

En aquest article analitzarem la traducció del focus contrastiu (FC) marcat amb lletra cursiva en un corpus de traducció de narrativa de l’anglès al català. Centrarem l’estudi en els casos de term focus (Zimmermann 2016); és a dir, focus en arguments, adjunts i nexes. Els objectius principals són saber com els traductors anglès-català perceben i tracten el FC marcat amb cursiva, i conèixer i quantificar-ne les possibles traduccions equivalents. Així mateix, proposarem hipòtesis explicatives de 1) el marcatge de menys del 50% de FC en català, 2) la baixa freqüència en les traduccions de certs recursos propis del català com la focalització en la perifèria esquerra (Bonet & Solà 1986) i els adverbis focals i altres mots associats al focus (Vallduví & Vilkuna 1998; Beck 2016), i 3) l’existència de dos cànons pragmaestilístics amb relació al marcatge del FC in situ mitjançant la lletra cursiva.
«Sabiats que us diray en riman». Prime considerazioni sul rapporto tra forma, comunicazione e pubblico nella Lògica del Gatzell di Ramon Llull
Authors: Staccioli Letizia
Published: March 2022

La Lògica del Gatzell, primo esempio della produzione in volgare di Ramon Llull, è un compendio in versi basato sull’opera di al-Ghazali Maqasid al-falasifah e sul Tractatus di Pietro Ispano, cui il Beato aggiunse alcuni elementi del suo personale sistema di pensiero. Insieme alla versione latina, il Compendium logicae Algazelis, evidenzia l’intenzione di Llull di promuovere lo studio dei principi fondamentali della filosofia proponendo due diversi sussidi didattici, ciascuno pensato per un determinato genere di pubblico. Il compendio rimato era indirizzato a coloro che non conoscevano il latino e per questo l’autore ricorse a una forma letteraria e a una strategia comunicativa tipiche della tradizione romanza. Dall’analisi formale e retorica dell’opera, anche attraverso il confronto con la fonte araba e con il Compendium latino, emergono dettagli utili a individuare alcune delle caratteristiche dei possibili destinatari.
Antoni Isarch, «El batec de l’època. Domènec Guansé i el periodisme (1918- 1936)», Tarragona, Publicacions URV, 2021, 181 p.
Authors: Mira-Navarro Irene
Published: March 2022

Ressenya sobre el llibre d’Antoni Isarch, El batec de l’època. Domènec Guansé i el periodisme (1918- 1936), Tarragona, Publicacions URV, 2021, 181 p. ISBN: 978-84-8424-913-9.
Catalina Mir, «Vint-i-dues aproximacions a la traïció com a tema literari. Per a una anàlisi global de “Vint-i-dos contes” de Mercè Rodoreda», Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2021, 92 p.
Authors: Maestre Brotons Antoni
Published: March 2022

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Catalina Mir, Vint-i-dues aproximacions a la traïció com a tema literari. Per a una anàlisi global de Vint-i-dos contes de Mercè Rodoreda», Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2021, 92 p. ISBN: 978-84-121134-4-0.
Antoni Ferrando Francés, Llorente i Blasco Ibáñez: entre la política i la literatura (a propòsit, sobretot, de la guerra de Cuba), València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2021, 290 p.
Authors: Pastor Banyuls Víctor
Published: March 2022

Ressenya sobre el llibre d’Antoni Ferrando Francés, Llorente i Blasco Ibáñez: entre la política i la literatura (a propòsit, sobretot, de la guerra de Cuba), València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2021, 290 p., ISBN: 978-84-7822-892-8.
Innate lymphoid cells and COVID-19 severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Silverstein Noah J , Wang Yetao , Manickas-Hill Zachary , Carbone Claudia , Dauphin Ann , Boribong Brittany P , Loiselle Maggie , Davis Jameson , Leonard Maureen M , Kuri-Cervantes Leticia ,   MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Meyer Nuala J , Betts Michael R , Li Jonathan Z , Walker Bruce D , Yu Xu G , Yonker Lael M , Luban Jeremy
Published: March 2022

Background:

Risk of severe COVID-19 increases with age, is greater in males, and is associated with lymphopenia, but not with higher burden of SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether effects of age and sex on abundance of specific lymphoid subsets explain these correlations.

Methods:

Multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between abundance of specific blood lymphoid cell types, age, sex, requirement for hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and elevation of blood markers of systemic inflammation, in adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 (n = 40), treated for COVID-19 as outpatients (n = 51), and in uninfected controls (n = 86), as well as in children with COVID-19 (n = 19), recovering from COVID-19 (n = 14), MIS-C (n = 11), recovering from MIS-C (n = 7), and pediatric controls (n = 17).

Results:

This observational study found that the abundance of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) decreases more than 7-fold over the human lifespan – T cell subsets decrease less than 2-fold – and is lower in males than in females. After accounting for effects of age and sex, ILCs, but not T cells, were lower in adults hospitalized with COVID-19, independent of lymphopenia. Among SARS-CoV-2-infected adults, the abundance of ILCs, but not of T cells, correlated inversely with odds and duration of hospitalization, and with severity of inflammation. ILCs were also uniquely decreased in pediatric COVID-19 and the numbers of these cells did not recover during follow-up. In contrast, children with MIS-C had depletion of both ILCs and T cells, and both cell types increased during follow-up. In both pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C, ILC abundance correlated inversely with inflammation. Blood ILC mRNA and phenotype tracked closely with ILCs from lung. Importantly, blood ILCs produced amphiregulin, a protein implicated in disease tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Among controls, the percentage of ILCs that produced amphiregulin was higher in females than in males, and people hospitalized with COVID-19 had a lower percentage of ILCs that produced amphiregulin than did controls.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that, by promoting disease tolerance, homeostatic ILCs decrease morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that lower ILC abundance contributes to increased COVID-19 severity with age and in males.

Funding:

This work was supported in part by the Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness and NIH grants R37AI147868, R01AI148784, F30HD100110, 5K08HL143183.
Progressive axonopathy when oligodendrocytes lack the myelin protein CMTM5
Authors: Buscham Tobias J , Eichel-Vogel Maria A , Steyer Anna M , Jahn Olaf , Strenzke Nicola , Dardawal Rakshit , Memhave Tor R , Siems Sophie B , Müller Christina , Meschkat Martin , Sun Ting , Ruhwedel Torben , Möbius Wiebke , Krämer-Albers Eva-Maria , Boretius Susann , Nave Klaus-Armin , Werner Hauke B
Published: March 2022

Oligodendrocytes facilitate rapid impulse propagation along the axons they myelinate and support their long-term integrity. However, the functional relevance of many myelin proteins has remained unknown. Here, we find that expression of the tetraspan-transmembrane protein CMTM5 (chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain containing protein 5) is highly enriched in oligodendrocytes and central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Genetic disruption of the Cmtm5 gene in oligodendrocytes of mice does not impair the development or ultrastructure of CNS myelin. However, oligodendroglial Cmtm5 deficiency causes an early-onset progressive axonopathy, which we also observe in global and tamoxifen-induced oligodendroglial Cmtm5 mutants. Presence of the WldS mutation ameliorates the axonopathy, implying a Wallerian degeneration-like pathomechanism. These results indicate that CMTM5 is involved in the function of oligodendrocytes to maintain axonal integrity rather than myelin biogenesis.
The Lifelike Death: Dark Souls and the Dialectics in Black
Authors: Illger Daniel
Published: March 2022

The article builds on Badious observation, that black is simultaneously characterized by lack and excess. In the Dark Souls trilogy the “dialectics in black” are realized as a law of movement, which structures how the game world is acquired. The games highlight a series of conflicting temporalities, which are realized in the play experience as a being-in-the-present. From the perspective of assemblage, this dynamic of conflicting temporalities can also be conceptualized as a longing for the melding of the human and inhuman. Here one can also find a hint as to how the Dark Souls games create “communities out of shared hardship” (Keza MacDonald and Killingsworth). In their many temporalities as well as in their specific game mechanics, the Dark Souls trilogy plots a hauntingly concrete point of contact between anonymous players, who feel connected in their shared loneliness.
Playing Make-Believe with #homemadeDisney Pandemic Ride Videos
Authors: Schweizer Bobby
Published: March 2022

In response to the closing of the Walt Disney theme parks at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, fans of Disneyland and Walt Disney World produced videos re-creating their favorite rides and attractions for a viral social media trend dubbed #homemadeDisney. The typically short (usually 30–90 seconds) videos from #homemadeDisney turned ‘guests’ into ‘cast members’ (staff) and smartphone owners into living room ‘imagineering’ ride designers. Participants engaged in a form of shared make-believe (Walton 1990) by assembling household objects as props, improvising ride elements, and performing as theme parkgoers for one another. The extensive collection of social media videos analyzed for this article reveals how fans interpreted attractions through a shared mimetic grammar (Milner 2016), the ride aesthetic (Telotte 2008), and the playful nature of the theme park experience.
A review of the opportunities to support pollinator populations in South African cities
Authors: Brom Peta , Underhill Les G. , Winter Kevin
Published: March 2022

Globally insects are declining, but some guilds of pollinators are finding refuge in urban landscapes. The body of knowledge on urban pollinators is relatively mature, which means it is now possible to begin to make generalization. Unfortunately, studies do not represent climatic regions evenly and there is a gap in research from the African continent. This study aimed to address some of the gaps on urban pollination knowledge in South Africa and to identify opportunities to improve urban habitats for pollinators. We reviewed the international literature on urban pollinators and the South African literature on pollinators with a landscape ecology focus, drawing on literature with an emphasis on agricultural and ecosystem services. The findings show that some taxa (e.g. large-bodied, cavity nesting bees) will exploit urban environments increasing in abundance with urban intensity. Moderately sensitive taxa (such as small-bodied, ground-nesting bees) take advantage of urban environments only if local habitats are supportive of their needs for resource provision and habitat connectivity. The South African urban poor rely on pollination services for subsistence agriculture and the reproduction of wild-foraged medicines and food. Potential interventions to improve habitat quality include strategic mowing practices, conversion of turf-grass to floral rich habitats, scientific confirmation of lists of highly attractive flowers, and inclusion of small-scale flower patches throughout the urban matrix. Further research is needed to fill the Africa gap for both specialized and generalized pollinators (Diptera, Halictids, Lepidoptera and Hopliini) in urban areas where ornamental and indigenous flowering plants are valued.
Evolution analysis of FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) orthologs explored the mutations in DNA coding sequences in the grass family (Poaceae)
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Litian , G. Elbaiomy Rania , Chen Lilan , Wang Zhenrong , Jiao Jie , Zhu Jiliang , Zhou Wanhai , Chen Bo , Soaud Salma A. , Abbas Manzar , Lin Na , El-Sappah Ahmed H.
Published: March 2022

FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP), an essential gene that controls spikelet differentiation and development in the grass family (Poaceae), prevents the formation of axillary bud meristems and is closely associated with crop yields. It is unclear whether the FZP gene or its orthologs were selected during the evolutionary process of grass species, which possess diverse spike morphologies. In the present study, we adopted bioinformatics methods for the evolutionary analysis of FZP orthologs in species of the grass family. Thirty-five orthologs with protein sequences identical to that of the FZP gene were identified from 29 grass species. Analysis of conserved domains revealed that the AP2/ERF domains were highly conserved with almost no amino acid mutations. However, species of the tribe Triticeae, genus Oryza, and C4 plants exhibited more significant amino acid mutations in the acidic C-terminus region. Results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the 29 grass species could be classified into three groups, namely, Triticeae, Oryza, and C4 plants. Within the Triticeae group, the FZP genes originating from the same genome were classified into the same sub-group. When selection pressure analysis was performed, significant positive selection sites were detected in species of the Triticeae and Oryza groups. Our results show that the FZP gene was selected during the grass family’s evolutionary process, and functional divergence may have already occurred among the various species. Therefore, researchers investigating the FZP gene’s functions should take note of the possible presence of various roles in other grass species.
The Significance of the preoperative lactate dehydrogenase/albumin Ratio in the Prognosis of Colon Cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Xie Zhihui , Zhou Hui , Wang Lei , Wu Yibo
Published: March 2022

Background

We explored the relationship between the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), the lactate dehydrogenase-albumin ratio (LDH/albumin ratio; LAR), the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and the long-term survival of colon cancer patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data and follow-up materials of 126 patients with colon cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital from June 2012 to December 2015. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to distinguish the high ratio group from the low ratio group. The Kaplan Meier method was used to draw the survival curve in our survival analysis. The log rank test was used for the univariate analysis and the Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between preoperative PLR, PNI, LAR, conut scores, and overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of patients with colon cancer.

Results

The median follow-up time was 72 months. The OS rates at 3 and 5 years were 83.3% and 78.5%, respectively. The PFS rates at 3 and 5 years were 79.3% and 77.6%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates in the low LAR group (≤4.91) were 90.9% and 87.1%, respectively, and were 56.0% and 44.0% in the high LAR group (>4.91) respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the LAR value was correlated with OS and PFS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A high preoperative LAR is an independent predictor of the prognosis of colon cancer patients.
Comparison and correlation of cervical proprioception and muscle endurance in general joint hypermobility participants with and without non-specific neck pain—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reddy Ravi Shankar , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , Asiri Faisal , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj
Published: March 2022

Background

Cervical proprioception and muscle endurance are essential for maintaining cervical functional joint stability. Proprioception and muscle endurance may be impaired in those with general joint hypermobility (GJH). Examining these aspects is crucial. This study’s aims are to (1) compare the cervical joint position error (JPE) and muscle endurance holding capacities in GJH individuals with and without non-specific neck pain (NSNP) (2) to assess the relationship between hypermobility Beighton scores, cervical JPE’s, and muscle endurance in GJH individuals with and without NSNP.

Methods

In this cross-sectional comparative study, 33 GJH participants with NSNP (mean age 21.7 ± 1.8 years) and 35 asymptomatic participants GJH (mean age 22.42 ± 1.7 years) participated. Beighton’s score of ≥4 of 9 tests was used as criteria to diagnose GJH. Cervical JPEs were estimated in degrees using a cervical range of motion device, and muscle endurance (flexor and extensor) were estimated in seconds using a stopwatch.

Results

GJH participants with NSNP showed significantly larger cervical JPEs (p < 0.001) and decreased muscle endurance holding times (p < 0.001) compared to asymptomatic participants. Beighton hypermobility scores showed a significant moderate positive correlation with cervical JPEs (flexion: r = 0.43, p = 0.013), left rotation: r = 0.47, p = 0.005, right rotation: r = 0.57, p = 0.001) in NSNP individuals. Also, Beighton hypermobility scores showed a moderate negative correlation with muscle endurance in NSNP (flexor muscles: r = −0.40, p = 0.020, extensor muscles: r = −0.41, p = 0.020, and asymptomatic individuals (flexor muscles: −0.34, p = 0.045, extensor muscles: r = −0.45, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

GJH individuals with NSNP showed increased cervical JPEs and reduced muscle endurance compared to asymptomatic. Individuals with GJH with higher Beighton scores demonstrated increased cervical JPEs and reduced neck muscle endurance holding ability. In clinical practice, therapists should be aware of these findings, incorporate proprioceptive and muscle endurance assessments, and formulate rehabilitation strategies for NSNP individuals with GJM.
Evaluation of Community Medicine Postgraduate Theory Examination to Measure the Content and Cognitive Domain CoverageA Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rajalakshmi M , Venugopal Vinayagamoorthy , Dongre Amol R
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Assessment is a critical step in learning process. Postgraduate theory examination ideally should assess higher levels of cognition. In order to maintain high standard of public health the postgraduates of the specialty should be certified properly using the appropriate assessment methods. Since the assessment drives learning, ideally it should be aimed at judging a learner’s attainment of curriculum outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the postgraduate theory exam question papers from 2014 to 2018 in Community Medicine (CM) of various South Indian Universities and to measure the actual content coverage as stated in National Medical Commission (NMC) curriculum and cognitive domain coverage as per Bloom’s taxonomy. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective analytical study was conducted from April 2019 to July 2019 to asses the question papers from 2014-2018 in community medicine. Sixty theory exam question papers (20 per University) of last 5 years of three South Indian Universities namely Pondicherry (PU), Tamil Nadu (TN), and Kerala (KR) of CM subject were analysed for content coverage and to categorise the level of knowledge assessed as per Bloom’s taxonomy. The significance of difference between the data of various years was tested using Chi-square test. Results: Questions testing higher cognitive domain was found only in 15%, 3.75% and 2.5% of PU, TN and KR universities, respectively. Epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases was the content that received maximum coverage of total marks, 25%, 21.25% and 18.5% in PU, TN and KR universities respectively. Certain topics were not covered in many papers. There was no statistical difference in distribution of marks among various Universities in South India. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be used to redefine the distribution of contents and cognitive domain tested across universities ensuring the validity and reliability of the assessment.
Clinical Profile and Short Term Outcome of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Children: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, Tripura, India
Authors: Chakrabarti Sujit Kumar , Das Sribas , Das Prasenjit , Debbarma Sanjib Kumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is a group of neurologic manifestation caused by wide range of microbes, chemicals and toxins. Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is the major cause of AES in India. Isolation of aetiological agent in AES cases presents a fundamental challenge to prevention and management. Lack of study on AES in the paediatric population of Tripura prompted the authors to take up this study. Aim: To determine the clinical profile and short term outcome of children with AES from Tripura, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2019 in the Department of Paediatrics at Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC), Tripura, India. Total 100 children, from 1 month to 12 years of age, fulfilling definition of AES were enrolled in the study. All the cases were managed as per institutional treatment protocol and were followed-up at 1 and 3 months following discharge. Case record, patient profile records and reports of investigations were the study tools. Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test were used as per applicability to test the significance of difference of proportions using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. The difference was considered significant for a p-value <0.05. Results: Out of total, 30 patients (30%) were in 9-12 years age group, with slight male preponderance (1.1:1). Total 72 cases (72%) were from rural area. Common clinical features were fever, altered sensorium, seizures, irritability, abnormal movement, pallor, papilloedema, and lethargy. Abnormal laboratory parameters included leucocytosis (62%), anaemia (27%), hyponatremia (35%), and hypoglycaemia (16%) and elevated liver enzymes (15%). IgM serology was positive for JEV (19%), scrub typhus (6%), herpes simplex virus (2%), dengue (2%), measles (1%), and enterovirus (1%). Magnetic resonance imaging brain was normal in 37% of the cases. About 54% of the cases recovered completely, 20% of the cases died and remaining 26% survived with sequelae. Conclusion: AES is common among older male children from the rural area. Serologically JEV is most common cause. Total 54% cases recovered completely. Proportion of death and residual sequelae were higher in the JEV category. The observations of the study indicate need of extensive studies and scaling up of JE vaccination.
Community Based Appraisal of Healthcare Service Utilisation and Determinants of Health Seeking Behaviour among the Elderly Population of Rural Western Maharashtra
Authors: Jadhav Sachin B , Kadarkar Kalpak S , Mujumdar Harshawardhan N
Published: March 2022

Introduction: To mitigate an inevitable phenomenon of population ageing, which has impact on nation’s development as well as on quality of life of population, health seeking behaviour and health service utilisation need to be increased, especially in rural areas. Aim: To assess health seeking behaviour, identify hurdles and measure health services utilisation. Materials and Methods: A community based observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 elderly population (60 years of age and above) to assess health seeking behaviour and to measure health service utilisation for the period from October 2020 to October 2021, in rural area of Tasgaon block of Sangli district of Maharashtra by Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. A pretested, prevalidated, semi-structured proforma and interview schedule were used to collect information. Descriptive statistics along with chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used as inferential statistical analysis. The p-value to be significant at p<0.05. Results: Out of total 210 participants, 48.09% and 51.91% were males and females respectively with male to female ratio of 0.93:1. Mean ages of males and females were 63.85 and 65.23 respectively.Out of total 210 participants, 82% of participants had at least one chronic morbidity at the time of study. Musculoskeletal morbidities were most common (46.67%). Among morbid participants, 56% utilised government health facility. Health service utilisation rate was 75.86%. Lack of enough money was most common reason (76.19%) for non utilisation of health services. Gender, educational level, residential arrangements and socio-economic class showed statistically significant association with appropriate or inappropriate health seeking behaviour. About 61% participants showed appropriate health seeking behaviour. The odds of having inappropriate health seeking behaviour were 7.76 and 10.19 times greater for middle class and lower class as opposed to upper class, respectively. Illiterates had 17.53 times higher odds to seek health inappropriately. Conclusion: Quality of health seeking behaviour can be improved by narrowing gender gap, increasing literacy rate and giving social assistance to elderly persons. It is an important need of hour to pay more attention to age related issues and promote holistic approach to deal with ageing society.
A Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Cooked Maize and Beans Left-over-water: Potentials as Food Drinks and Fertilizers
Authors: Jean Christophe Fopoussi Tuebue
Published: March 2022

The paper highlighted the chemical characteristics of broth from cooked maize and compared them with that from cooked beans. Left-over-water from boiled maize were produced by cooking 2kg of a variety of Zea mays L. with 8kg of water. After this stage, samples of those solutions and samples of the water used for the cooking process were collected for laboratory analysis. The IonPac CS12A and IonPac AS12A analytical columns were respectively used for the separation of ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) as far as cations were concerned, and chloride (Cl) and sulfate (SO42-) in the case of anions. The measurements of pH and electric conductivity of fluids were respectively done with a pH-meter on the one hand and a conductivimetre on the other hand. Solutions from cooked maize are rich in mineral salts, particularly major macro elements (N and K) and minor macro elements (Ca, S, Mg). Concerning the third major macro element, notably the phosphorous, it is present in low amounts. The advantage of this fluid consists in its low electric conductivity. This fluid has a pH of 6.15. It is made of about 92% of water. Left-over-water from cooked maize and from cooked beans have very close chemical characteristics. In fact, these two fluids are rich in nitrogen and potassium, and mainly made of water. But, in detail, some particularities are present. The end-of cooking solutions of maize have higher amounts of sodium and chlorides, this joined with a higher electric conductivity. Concerning solutions from cooked beans, they have higher amounts of the different macro elements, and a lower electric conductivity. The recycling of end-of cooking solutions of maize must gainfully become for the nutritionists a favorable target for the future, and this due to the numerous nutrients contained. According however to the results obtained in the case of the present studies, the left-over-water from cooked maize can be gainfully use as fertilizers. Using it as manure requires an earthing-up directly after its application in other to avoid the loss of sulfur and nitrogen through gas emanation. Consuming solutions form cooked maize as herbal tea could be an excellent way to recycle the nutrients that have diffused from the seeds during the cooking process.
Evaluation and Performance (Production and Marketing System) of Improved Seedlings of Fruit Trees in Njombé-penja
Authors: Folefack Denis Pompidou , Njankouo Abdoulay Nsangou , Dongmo Sandra Marleine , Fon Dorothy Engwali
Published: March 2022

The cultivation of fruit trees has a considerable socioeconomic impact in Cameroon, which has led to a craze/keen interest around this value chain. The study analyzes the performance of the production and marketing system of improved seedlings of fruit trees in the locality of Njombé. Surveys were carried out among registered nurserymen (38) in the locality. The study shows that the production and marketing of fruit trees is an activity exclusively reserved for men. They are all married well educated with an average age of 35 and an average experience of 8 years. In the production units of avocado, lemon, mango, soursop, orange, and mandarin trees plants are the main species of the most produced fruit tree plants out of the 12 species demanded in the markets. The average annual supply of a nursery is around 27200 fruit tree seedlings for an overall supply estimated in 2020 at 638,450 seedlings to meet the increasingly growing demand in the locality. Due to competition between nurserymen, improved plants are sold between 1,000 and 2,000 FCFA depending on the age and size of the plant. The activity generates considerable income for the actors (nurserymen) an average annual turnover of 39,252,961 FCFA and a net annual margin of 25,857,517 FCFA.
Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient for Direct Selection between Pair of Traits Using Green Fruit Yield as Dependent Characters in Okra
Authors: Pundir Shivaji , Singh Manoj Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Lodhi S. K. , Singh Atar , Alam Khursheed
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out at the Horticulture Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (U.P.). The fourteen quantitative traits, thirty genotypes of okra were tested in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during the summer season of 2021. Fruit yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with plant height, fruit diameter, number of branches per plant, fruit length, number of flowers per plant, test weight and number of fruits per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level, indicating mutual association of these characters. Path coefficient analysis exhibits positive direct effect was observed towards fruit yield per plant for number of branches per plant followed by number of fruits per plant, days to first fruit harvesting, days to first flower initiation, fruit diameter, plant height, days to first fruit set and duration of crop at genotypic level. At the phenotypic level also the estimates of direct and indirect were generally less than genotypic level. The magnitudes of residual effects were found to be small at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. These traits could be utilized in a selection procedure for okra crop enhancement in the future.
Tropospheric Influence on Call Setup in Mobile Networks
Authors: Jeremiah Ekah Ukoette , Onuu Michael Ugwu
Published: March 2022

The dependency of mobile network operators on the troposphere for signal transmission without pre-evaluation and characterization of the region where the signals are transmitted is the reason for the poor Quality of Services (QoS) delivered to their network subscribers. To describe the reliability of networks, one needs to know which weather parameters affect the propagation of signals. This research investigates the effect of weather variables (relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall and temperature) on call setup for four mobile networks (MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9mobile) in Cross River State, Nigeria. Six years data of weather variables collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) and six years Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) data obtained from the telecommunications regulatory body, Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC), was used in this study, both spanning from January 2015 to December 2020. From the collected data, graphs were plotted and, in each case, the CSSR was the dependent variable while the tropospheric variables were the independent variables. Also, regression models were obtained to forecast the CSSR of each network, provided the tropospheric variable at each given period is known. Finally, the variables were correlated to give a picture of how each tropospheric variable related to the CSSR of the networks. For MTN network, a low negative correlation was obtained for temperature and relative humidity, a low positive correlation was obtained for rainfall while an increase in windspeed led to a corresponding decrease in CSSR. For Airtel network, a moderately positive correlation existed between CSSR and windspeed/rainfall while a low positive relationship existed between temperature and CSSR. However, an increase in relative humidity led to more successful call setups. For Globacom network an increase in relative humidity, windspeed, and temperature moderately led to a decrease in the number of successful call setups while rainfall had a very low effect on call setup. Finally, for 9mobile network, an increase in temperature led to a moderate increase in call setup. Relative humidity and windspeed had a negligible effect on call setup while a moderately negative relationship existed between rainfall and call setup. The result of this study will be very useful to mobile network planners and the network operators.
A Systematic Approach to Reduce Wirebond defects caused by Tight Wire Loop Profile on Ball Grid Array Packages
Authors: Beltran Irish , Ramiro Mark Anthony , Dinglasan Jerome
Published: March 2022

Wirebond quality aspects on a semiconductor manufacturing is one of the key factors to be considered in having a robust product. Certain criteria are defined, met, and affects the output on the product. Other variables from downstream process are also taken in account to affect the response, specific die position or placement on die attach is one example. Without controlling this input factor, unwanted out of specification response will occur and may result to rejections on the next process. This paper will focus on how to address the wire tight loop on wire bond process by analyzing the problem through systematic approach using statistical tools improving the current performance of die placement on BGA products.
Management of Long Bone Fractures Using Diverse Fracture Fixation Techniques in Small Animals
Authors: Sharma Rohit Kumar , Mishra Saloni , Sharma Manish , Kumar Bishnoi Anil
Published: March 2022

Total 11-cases of different breeds of dogs and one case of Persian cat having long bone fractures were successfully managed using totally intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). For TIVA, combination of xylazine and ketamine were used for induction whereas sole ketamine was used for maintenance and atropine sulphate was used as preanaesthetic and anticholinergic agent. TIVA found suitable for orthopaedic surgeries in this study. Intramedullary pinning, bone-plating (Dynamic compression plating and Reconstruction plating), external skeletal fixation system (using jess clamps and epoxy) or combination of two different fracture fixation techniques were performed for surgical management of presented fracture cases. For combination of two orthopaedic techniques, either bone plating with supplementary IM-pinning or ESF with IM-pinning were used in this study.  All cases were evaluated by radiographs as well as clinical performance of operated limbs. Radiographs were taken at regular interval for assessment of radiographic bone healing and in those cases where radiographs were not possible owner contacted telephonically.
'Remember Now Thy Creator'
Authors: Tarrant Naomi E A
Published: March 2022

Embroidered samplers show the one aspect of girls’ education that leaves the most lasting and tangible memorial of that part of their lives. This book considers samplers made in Scotland; it aims to situate them within the social context of the period and to examine their role in the education of girls. The time span covers the first emergence of a specific Scottish style and ends with the introduction of the 1872 Education (Scotland) Act, which made schooling a local government responsibility and led eventually to downplaying the importance of sampler making. Girls in Scotland made samplers within a general British tradition, but some designs appear to have developed that are specifically Scottish, such as the use of red and green alphabets.
NASEM workshop focuses on nonlegislative expansion of methadone
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

From making methadone available from drugstores to eliminating regulations requiring the involvement of opioid treatment programs (OTPs), a two‐day workshop sponsored by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) had as its premise the need to expand methadone treatment at a time when opioid overdoses continue to increase.
Follow‐up: National Council supports CM and OIG opinion
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

In last week's issue (see OIG for first time endorses more than $75 a year for contingency management, ADAW March 7; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33366), we broke the story about the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (HHS‐OIG) for the first time endorsing contingency management (CM) payments above $75 a year.
A Multifunctional Photoacoustic/Fluorescence Dual‐Mode‐Imaging Gold‐Based Theranostic Nanoformulation without External Laser Limitations
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Yin Xiaofeng , Li Chenchen , Yin Xuelian , Xue Qianghua , Ding Lin , Ju Jiale , Ma Jifei , Zhu Ying , Du Dongshu , Reis Rui L. , Wang, Yanli
Published: March 2022

Theranostics is a new type of biomedical technology that organically combines the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Among molecular imaging techniques, the integration of photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) imaging modes with high sensitivity and imaging depth provides precise diagnostic outcomes. Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are well‐known contrast agents for PA imaging and photothermal therapy. However, their high toxicity, poor biocompatibility, rapid clearance, and the need for an external laser source limit their application. Therefore, modification of Au NRs with carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs) is done to obtain a multifunctional dual‐mode gold‐based nanoformulation (mdGC), which preforms dual‐mode imaging of PA and FL. The results show that mdGC promotes tumor cell apoptosis and exhibits good antitumor performance through the mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway by increasing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulating the expression of apoptosis‐related genes. The targeting rate of mdGC to tumor tissue is up to 20.71 ± 1.94% ID g‐1; the tumor growth inhibition rate is as high as 80.44% without external laser sources. In general, mdGC is a potential multifunctional diagnostic and therapy integrated nanoformulation.
Correction of Aberrations via Polarization in Single Layer Metalenses
Authors: Martins Augusto , Li Kezheng , Arruda Guilherme S. , Conteduca Donato , Liang Haowen , Li Juntao , Borges Ben‐Hur V. , Krauss Thomas F. , Martins Emiliano R.
Published: March 2022

The correction of multiple aberrations in an optical system requires different optical elements, which increases its cost and complexity. Metasurfaces hold great promise to providing new functionality for miniaturized and low‐cost optical systems. A key advantage over their bulk counterparts is the metasurface's ability to respond to the polarization of light, which adds a new degree of freedom to the optical design. Here, it is shown that polarization control enables a form‐birefringent metalens to correct for both spherical and off‐axis aberrations using a single element only, which is not possible with bulk optics. The metalens encodes two phase profiles onto the same surface, thus allowing switching from high resolution to wide field of view operation. Such ability to obtain both high resolution and wide field of view in a single layer is an important step towards integration of miniaturized optical systems, which may find many applications, e.g., in microscopy and endoscopy.
Three‐Component Coupling of α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbonyls, Azides and Amines for the Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Gao Ge , Kuantao  , Mao  , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping
Published: March 2022

A metal‐free three‐component coupling of α‐CF3 carbonyls, azides and amines for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in the air is established. Various substituted 4‐amide 1,2,3‐triazoles were obtained when the enolizable α‐CF3 ketones were applied in aqueous reaction medium. Control and 18O‐labelling experiments revealed that the in situ generated β‐oxo amide was responsible for the formal oxygen‐shift and the subsequent [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, with amine as both the catalyst and reactant. In the case of non‐enolizable α‐CF3 esters, the densely functionalized 5‐amino 1,2,3‐triazoles were achieved exclusively, which could enable the late‐stage functionalization of complex biological molecules.

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Continuous Additive Manufacturing using Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Foster Jeffrey C. , Cook Adam W. , Monk Nicolas T. , Jones Brad H. , Appelhans Leah N. , Redline Erica M. , Leguizamon Samuel C.
Published: March 2022

The development of chemistry is reported to implement selective dual‐wavelength olefin metathesis polymerization for continuous additive manufacturing (AM). A resin formulation based on dicyclopentadiene is produced using a latent olefin metathesis catalyst, various photosensitizers (PSs) and photobase generators (PBGs) to achieve efficient initiation at one wavelength (e.g., blue light) and fast catalyst decomposition and polymerization deactivation at a second (e.g., UV‐light). This process enables 2D stereolithographic (SLA) printing, either using photomasks or patterned, collimated light. Importantly, the same process is readily adapted for 3D continuous AM, with printing rates of 36 mm h–1 for patterned light and up to 180 mm h–1 using un‐patterned, high intensity light.