bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-Sector Cache
Authors: Chaudhuri Mainak , Agrawal Mukesh , Gaur Jayesh , Subramoney Sreenivas
Published: March 2017

Recent research proposals on DRAM caches with conventional allocation units (64 or 128 bytes) as well as large allocation units (512 bytes to 4KB) have explored ways to minimize the space/latency impact of the tag store and maximize the effective utilization of the bandwidth. In this article, we study sectored DRAM caches that exercise large allocation units called sectors, invest reasonably small storage to maintain tag/state, enable space- and bandwidth-efficient tag/state caching due to low tag working set size and large data coverage per tag element, and minimize main memory bandwidth wastage by fetching only the useful portions of an allocated sector. However, the sectored caches suffer from poor space utilization, since a large sector is always allocated even if the sector utilization is low. The recently proposed Unison cache addresses only a special case of this problem by not allocating the sectors that have only one active block.

We propose Micro-sector cache, a locality-aware sectored DRAM cache architecture that features a flexible mechanism to allocate cache blocks within a sector and a locality-aware sector replacement algorithm. Simulation studies on a set of 30 16-way multi-programmed workloads show that our proposal, when incorporated in an optimized Unison cache baseline, improves performance (weighted speedup) by 8%, 14%, and 16% on average, respectively, for 1KB, 2KB, and 4KB sectors at 128MB capacity. These performance improvements result from significantly better cache space utilization, leading to 18%, 21%, and 22% average reduction in DRAM cache read misses, respectively, for 1KB, 2KB, and 4KB sectors at 128MB capacity. We evaluate our proposal for DRAM cache capacities ranging from 128MB to 1GB.
Emerging scholars and social media use
Authors: Faris Michael J. , Moore Kristen R.
Published: March 2017

The ubiquity of social media for professional and personal purposes has proven both an asset to scholars in writing studies (broadly conceived) and, in some cases, a cause for concern. Recent news events suggest that institutional decision-making surrounding social media is reactionary, severe, and steeped in discussions of "risky behaviors." These events (and others) result in anxiety surrounding social media use among individuals and organizations. In this article, we respond to these concerns with an empirical, mixed methods pilot study that investigates the ways new and emergent scholars might mitigate potential problems associated with social media use. The article presents preliminary findings that destabilize rule-based approaches and introduce uncertainties and vulnerabilities that accompany social media use.
Greater sympathoadrenal activation with longer preventilation intervals after immediate cord clamping increases hemodynamic lability at birth in preterm lambs
Authors: Smolich Joseph J. , Kenna Kelly R. , Esler Murray D. , Phillips Sarah E. , Lambert Gavin W.
Published: March 2017

This study tested the hypothesis that varying degrees of hemodynamic fluctuations seen after birth following immediate cord clamping were related to development of asphyxia with longer cord clamp-to-ventilation intervals, resulting in higher perinatal circulating levels of the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), and thus increased heart rate, blood pressures, and cardiac contractility after birth. Anesthetized preterm fetal lambs were instrumented with 1) aortic (AoT) and pulmonary trunk (PT) micromanometers to obtain pressures and the maximal rate of pressure rise (dP/d tmax) as a surrogate measure of ventricular contractility, and 2) an AoT catheter to obtain samples for blood gas and catecholamine analyses. After delivery, immediate cord clamping was followed by ventilation ∼40 s ( n = 7), ∼60 s ( n = 8), ∼90 s ( n = 9), or ∼120 s later ( n = 8), with frequent blood sampling performed before and after ventilation. AoT O2content fell rapidly after immediate cord clamping ( P < 0.001), with an asphyxial state evident at ≥60 s. Plasma NE and Epi levels increased progressively with longer cord clamp-to-ventilation intervals, with an exponential relation between falling AoT O2content and rising catecholamines ( R2 = 0.64–0.67). Elevated circulating catecholamines persisted for some minutes after ventilation onset, with postbirth surges in heart rate, AoT and PT pressures, and AoT and PT dP/d tmaxlinearly related to logeof catecholamine levels ( R2 = 0.41–0.54, all P < 0.001). These findings suggest that 1) a greater degree of asphyxia-induced sympathoadrenal activation (reflected in elevated circulating catecholamine levels) occurs with longer intervals between immediate cord clamping and subsequent ventilation, and 2) this activation is a major determinant of hemodynamic fluctuations evident with birth.
Influence of the coronary circulation on thermal tolerance and cardiac performance during warming in rainbow trout
Authors: Ekström Andreas , Axelsson Michael , Gräns Albin , Brijs Jeroen , Sandblom Erik
Published: March 2017

Thermal tolerance in fish may be related to an oxygen limitation of cardiac function. While the hearts of some fish species receive oxygenated blood via a coronary circulation, the influence of this oxygen supply on thermal tolerance and cardiac performance during warming remain unexplored. Here, we analyzed the effect in vivo of acute warming on coronary blood flow in adult sexually mature rainbow trout ( Onchorhynchus mykiss) and the consequences of chronic coronary ligation on cardiac function and thermal tolerance in juvenile trout. Coronary blood flow at 10°C was higher in females than males (0.56 ± 0.08 vs. 0.30 ± 0.08 ml·min−1·g ventricle−1), and averaged 0.47 ± 0.07 ml·min−1·g ventricle−1across sexes. Warming increased coronary flow in both sexes until 14°C, at which it peaked and plateaued at 0.78 ± 0.1 and 0.61 ± 0.1 ml·min−1·g ventricle−1in females and males, respectively. Thus, the scope for increasing coronary flow was 101% in males, but only 39% in females. Coronary-ligated juvenile trout exhibited elevated heart rate across temperatures, reduced Arrhenius breakpoint temperature for heart rate (23.0 vs. 24.6°C), and reduced upper critical thermal maximum (25.3 vs. 26.3°C). To further analyze the effects of coronary flow restriction on cardiac rhythmicity, electrocardiogram characteristics were determined before and after coronary occlusion in anesthetized trout. Occlusion resulted in reduced R-wave amplitude and an elevated S-T segment, indicating myocardial ischemia, while heart rate was unaffected. This suggests that the tachycardia in ligated trout across temperatures in vivo was mainly to compensate for reduced cardiac contractility to maintain cardiac output. Moreover, our findings show that coronary flow increases with warming in a sex-specific manner. This may improve whole animal thermal tolerance, presumably by sustaining cardiac oxygenation and contractility at high temperatures.
An intracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 isoform induces tubular regulated necrosis: implications for acute kidney injury
Authors: Ceron Carla S. , Baligand Celine , Joshi Sunil , Wanga Shaynah , Cowley Patrick M. , Walker Joy P. , Song Sang Heon , Mahimkar Rajeev , Baker Anthony J. , Raffai Robert L. , Wang Zhen J. , Lovett David H.
Published: March 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes severe morbidity, mortality, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mortality is particularly marked in the elderly and with preexisting CKD. Oxidative stress is a common theme in models of AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. We recently characterized an intracellular isoform of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) induced by oxidative stress-mediated activation of an alternate promoter in the first intron of the MMP-2 gene. This generates an NH2-terminal truncated MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2) isoform that is intracellular and associated with mitochondria. The NTT-MMP-2 isoform is expressed in kidneys of 14-mo-old mice and in a mouse model of coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure with CKD. We recently determined that NTT-MMP-2 is induced in human renal transplants with delayed graft function and correlated with tubular cell necrosis. To determine mechanism(s) of action, we generated proximal tubule cell-specific NTT-MMP-2 transgenic mice. Although morphologically normal at the light microscopic level at 4 mo, ultrastructural studies revealed foci of tubular epithelial cell necrosis, the mitochondrial permeability transition, and mitophagy. To determine whether NTT-MMP-2 expression enhances sensitivity to I-R injury, we performed unilateral I-R to induce mild tubular injury in wild-type mice. In contrast, expression of the NTT-MMP-2 isoform resulted in a dramatic increase in tubular cell necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. NTT-MMP-2 mice had enhanced expression of innate immunity genes and release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules. We conclude that NTT-MMP-2 “primes” the kidney to enhanced susceptibility to I-R injury via induction of mitochondrial dysfunction. NTT-MMP-2 may be a novel AKI treatment target.
Urothelial proliferation and regeneration after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kullmann F. Aura , Clayton Dennis R. , Ruiz Wily G. , Wolf-Johnston Amanda , Gauthier Christian , Kanai Anthony , Birder Lori A. , Apodaca Gerard
Published: March 2017

The basal, intermediate, and superficial cell layers of the urothelium undergo rapid and complete recovery following acute injury; however, the effects of chronic injury on urothelial regeneration have not been well defined. To address this discrepancy, we employed a mouse model to explore urothelial changes in response to spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition characterized by life-long bladder dysfunction. One day post SCI there was a focal loss of umbrella cells, which are large cells that populate the superficial cell layer and normally express uroplakins (UPKs) and KRT20, but not KRT5, KRT14, or TP63. In response to SCI, regions of urothelium devoid of umbrella cells were replaced with small superficial cells that lacked KRT20 expression and appeared to be derived in part from the underlying intermediate cell layer, including cells positive for KRT5 and TP63. We also observed KRT14-positive basal cells that extended thin cytoplasmic extensions, which terminated in the bladder lumen. Both KRT14-positive and KRT14-negative urothelial cells proliferated 1 day post SCI, and by 7 days, cells in the underlying lamina propria, detrusor, and adventitia were also dividing. At 28 days post SCI, the urothelium appeared morphologically patent, and the number of proliferative cells decreased to baseline levels; however, patches of small superficial cells were detected that coexpressed UPKs, KRT5, KRT14, and TP63, but failed to express KRT20. Thus, unlike the rapid and complete restoration of the urothelium that occurs in response to acute injuries, regions of incompletely differentiated urothelium were observed even 28 days post SCI.
Porous Silicon and Indium Doped Zinc Oxide Junctions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Severiano F. , García G. , Castañeda L. , Gayou V. L.
Published: March 2017

We report the obtaining of electroluminescent devices (ELD) from porous silicon (PS) and indium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:In) junctions. PS presented photoluminescence (PL) in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. ZnO:In thin film was obtained by dip coating technique. SEM images and IR measurements showed the incorporation of the ZnO:In in the PS structure. Once obtained, the device was optically and electrically characterized. The ELD showed emission in the visible (450–850 nm) and infrared region (900–1200 nm) where it was electrically polarized. The visible emission was detected as luminescent spots on the surface. Electrical characterization was carried out by current-voltage (I-V) curves. The I-V curves showed rectifying behavior. It was related to the quenching of the EL with the process that takes place in the PS when it was immersed in the precursor solution of the ZnO:In.
Association between Optic Nerve Head Microcirculation and Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness in Eyes with Untreated Normal Tension Glaucoma and a Hemifield Defect
Authors: Anraku Ayako , Ishida Kyoko , Enomoto Nobuko , Takagi Seiji , Ito Hiroyuki , Takeyama Asuka , Yagi Fumihiko , Tomita Goji
Published: March 2017

Purpose.We evaluated the association between optic nerve head (ONH) microcirculation and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness in patients with untreated normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and a hemifield defect.Methods.The medical records of 47 patients with untreated NTG were retrospectively reviewed. Laser speckle flowgraphy was used to obtain mean blur rate (MBR), a relative measure of blood flow. Average total deviation (TD), mGCC, and the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness were also analyzed.Results.All parameters corresponding to the defective hemifield were significantly lower than those corresponding to the normal hemifield. In the defective hemifield, MBR was correlated with TD, mGCC, and cpRNFL thickness. In the normal hemifield, MBR was only correlated with mGCC thickness, and multiple regression analysis showed that mGCC thickness was a significant contributing factor of the MBR.Conclusion.MBR was well correlated with mGCC thickness in eyes with untreated NTG and a hemifield defect. In the normal hemifield, mGCC thickness was a contributing factor of the MBR indicating that ONH circulatory dysfunction may be associated with retinal structural changes in the early stages of glaucoma. A reduction in ONH microcirculation may be an early indicator of the presence and progression of glaucoma.
Peptide Fraction pOh2 Exerts Antiadipogenic Activity through Inhibition of C/EBP-αand PPAR-γExpression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nhung , Ha Thi Thu , Nguyen Thi Hoa , Vu Thi Hien , Truong Nam Hai , Chu Hoang Ha , Van Quyen Dong
Published: March 2017

Many studies have comprehensively examined the venom ofOphiophagus hannahsnake. Its venom comprises different compounds exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this investigation, four peptide fractions (PFs), ranging from 3 kDa to 10 kDa, isolated from the Vietnamese snake venom ofO. hannahwere separated by HPLC and investigated for their inhibitory activity on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The most effective PF was then further purified, generating two peptides, pOh1 and pOh2. Upon investigation of these two peptides on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it was revealed that, at 10 μg/mL, pOh2 was able to inhibit the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by up to 56%, without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, the pOh2 downregulated the gene expression of important transcription factors C/EBP-αand PPAR-γ. In addition, aP2 and GPDH adipocyte-specific markers were also significantly reduced compared to untreated differentiated cells. Taken together, pOh2 inhibited the expression of key transcription factors C/EBP-αand PPAR-γand their target genes, aP2 and GPDH, thereby blocking the adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, this novel class of peptide might have potential for in vivo antiobesity effects.
Study of the Carbonization and Graphitization of Coal Tar Pitch Modified with SiC Nanoparticles
Authors: Gubernat Maciej , Lis Tomasz , Tomala Janusz , Kawala Jakub , Fraczek-Szczypta Aneta , Blazewicz Stanislaw
Published: March 2017

Silicon carbide nanoparticles (nSiC) have been used to modify coal tar pitch (CTP) as a carbon binder. The influence of ceramic nanoparticles on the structure and microstructure was studied. The structure of CTP-based carbon residue with various nSiC contents was analyzed by using SEM with EDAX, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of ceramic nanofiller on the crystallite sizes (Lc, La) and the c-axis spacing (d002) in carbonized samples after heating from 1000 to 2800°C was analyzed. Ceramic nanofillers inhibit structural changes in carbonized samples heated to 1000°C. After heating CTP with nSiC above 2000°C, the carbon samples contained two carbon components differing in structural ordering. Ceramic nanoparticles increase carbon crystallite growth, while their impact on the c-axis spacing is low.
Development of Asymmetric Facial Depigmentation in a Patient Treated with Dasatinib with New-Onset Hypovitaminosis D: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Webb Kirsten C. , Harasimowicz Magdalena , Janeczek Monica , Speiser Jodi , Swan James , Tung Rebecca
Published: March 2017

Dasatinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), as well as other Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. While the most commonly reported cutaneous side effects with this therapy include a morbilliform eruption, skin exfoliation, and skin irritation, pigmentary abnormalities have also been observed, albeit much more rarely. We present the case of a 72-year-old South Asian male with CML who presented with new-onset hypopigmentation of his face and scalp three years after a dose increase of dasatinib therapy, in the setting of newly discovered borderline hypovitaminosis D. Dasatinib and the other TKIs are believed to induce dyschromias via modulation of the c-kit receptor and its associated signaling pathway, which is involved in melanocyte survival, proliferation, and migration.
IGFBP3 Modulates Lung Tumorigenesis and Cell Growth through IGF1 Signaling
Authors: Wang Yong Antican , Sun Yunguang , Palmer Joshua , Solomides Charalambos , Huang Li-Ching , Shyr Yu , Dicker Adam P. , Lu Bo
Published: March 2017

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) modulates cell growth through IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Reports suggest that the serum levels of IGFBP3 are associated with various cancers and that IGFBP3 expression is significantly decreased in cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant lung cancer cells. Based on these findings, we investigated whether Igfbp3 deficiency accelerates mouse lung tumorigenesis and if expression of IGFBP3 enhances CDDP response by focusing on the IGF1 signaling cascade. To this end, an Igfbp3-null mouse model was generated in combination with KrasG12D to compare the tumor burden. Then, IGF-dependent signaling was assessed after expressing wild-type or a mutant IGFBP3 without IGF binding capacity in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Finally, the treatment response to CDDP chemotherapy was evaluated under conditions of IGFBP3 overexpression. Igfbp3-null mice had increased lung tumor burden (>2-fold) and only half of human lung cancer cells survived after expression of IGFBP3, which corresponded to increased cleaved caspase-3 (10-fold), inactivation of IGF1 and MAPK signaling. In addition, overexpression of IGFBP3 increased susceptibility to CDDP treatment in lung cancer cells. These results, for the first time, demonstrate that IGFBP3 mediates lung cancer progression in a KrasG12D mouse model. Furthermore, overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and enhanced cisplatin response in vitro and confirmed that the suppression is in part by blocking IGF1 signaling.

Implications: These findings reveal that IGFBP3 is effective in lung cancer cells with high IGF1 signaling activity and imply that relevant biomarkers are essential in selecting lung cancer patients for IGF1-targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 896–904. ©2017 AACR.
Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Puerto Rico, 2014: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Chinea Angel , Ríos-Bedoya Carlos F. , Rubi Cristina , Vicente Ivonne , Estades Eduardo R. , Hernandez-Silvestrini Yatzka G.
Published: March 2017

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects millions of people worldwide. The estimates for MS incidence are difficult to obtain but are important for understanding MS etiology, developing prevention strategies, and service planning. This study is aimed at estimating the 2014 incidence of MS in Puerto Rico (PR). Methods: The PR MS Foundation's registry was used as the data source. Neurologists, specialty pharmacies, MRI centers, health insurance companies, and the PR Department of Health identified MS cases missed by the registry. MS patients were 18 years and older and met the 2010 revised McDonald criteria. Age-standardized MS incidence rates and their corresponding 95% CIs were computed. Results: A total of 144 new MS cases were diagnosed in 2014. The age-standardized MS incidence rate was 5.1/100,000 (95% CI 4.3-5.9). The incidence rate was 7.1/100,000 (95% CI 5.7-8.5) for females and 2.9/100,000 (95% CI 2.0-3.8) for males. MS cases were mostly females (72.9%) with a mean age of 41.0 years (±1.0). Conclusion: According to the country estimates, PR has a higher MS incidence than other Caribbean and Latin American countries, but a lower incidence compared to countries at higher latitudes. Our findings provide insights into the MS etiology in the Hispanic population that require additional research.
Cessation of oral anticoagulation is an important risk factor for stroke and mortality in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Roldán Vanessa , Esteve-Pastor María Asunción , Valdés Mariano , Vicente Vicente , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marín Francisco
Published: March 2017

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is highly effective preventing stroke and mortality in AF, but withdrawal is common in the elderly, when high bleeding risk and when are difficulties achieving an optimal time in therapeutic range (TTR). We analysed the rate of OAC cessation, predisposing factors to cessation and the relation to clinical outcomes in a large ‘real world’ cohort of AF patients over a long follow-up period. Consecutive non-valvular AF outpatients clinically stables for six months were recruited. Rates of cardiovascular events, major bleeding and mortality were recorded and related to OAC cessation. We included 1361 patients (48.7 % male; aged 76, IQR 71–81), followed-up for a median of 6.5 years. During follow-up, 244 patients suffered thrombotic events, 250 suffered from major bleeding and 551 patients died. 10 % of patients stopped OAC. After OAC withdrawal, there were 36 thromboembolic events (22 strokes), 10 major bleedings and 75 deaths. OAC cessation was independently associated with adverse cardiovascular events (HR 1.45; 95 % CI 1.01–2.08), stroke/TIA (HR 1.85; 1.17–2.94) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.30; 1.02–1.67). Independent predictors of OAC cessation were age ≥80 (HR 2.29; 1.60–3.29), previous coronary artery disease (HR 0.32; 0.15–0.71), major bleeding (HR 5.00; 3.49–7.15), heart failure (HR 2.38; 1.26–4.47), cancer (HR 5.24; 3.25–8.44) and renal impairment developed during follow-up (HR 2.70; 1.26–5.75). In conclusion, in non-valvular AF patients, cessation of OAC was independently associated with the risk of stroke, adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. Bleeding events and some variables associated with higher bleeding risk are responsible for OAC cessation.

Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
СТАТЕВО-ВІКОВА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ КЛІНІЧНОГО ОБСТЕЖЕННЯ ХВОРИХ, ЩО ПЕРЕНЕСЛИ ТОНЗИЛЕКТОМІЮ
Authors: Herasymyuk M. I.
Published: March 2017

Мета: порівняти рівень захворюваності на хронічний тонзиліт серед чоловіків і жінок працездатного віку та встановити його найчастіші ознаки.Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз 272 карт стаціонарних хворих, які перебували на лікуванні у ЛОР-відділенні комунального закладу Тернопільської обласної ради «Тернопільська Університетська лікарня» за період з 2014 по 2016 роки з приводу декомпенсованого хронічного тонзиліту.Результати. Проведено порівняння частоти виникнення хронічного тонзиліту за статевою ознакою та встановлено віковий період найчастішого його розвитку. Проаналізовано частоту різних симптомів захворювання та результати лабораторних досліджень.Висновки. Найчастіше декомпенсований хронічний тонзиліт реєструється у віковому періоді від 18 до 44 років, причому у жінок у 1,43 разу частіше, ніж у чоловіків. Найхарактернішими симптомами є: щорічні повторні ангіни, біль у горлі з періодичним посиленням, першінням, напади кашлю, гіперемія і набряклість країв дужок мигдаликів, наявність у криптах рідкого, густого казеозного або у вигляді пробок гнійного вмісту. У загальному аналізі крові може відмічатися помірний лейкоцитоз із підвищеним вмістом паличкоядерних нейтрофілів і лімфоцитів та прискорення швидкості осідання еритроцитів. Досить часто реєструється знижений вміст еритроцитів.
ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ВЕНЕРИЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ І ФАКТОРИ, ЯКІ СПРИЧИНЯЮТЬ ЇХ РОЗВИТОК
Authors: Maryschuk M. Ya.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано поширеність венеричних захворювань по Волинській області, а також фактори, що спричиняють виникнення даних захворювань.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ЧИННИКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР
Authors: Zadyraka L. V.
Published: March 2017

В статті представлені емпіричні результати вивчення психологічних чинників впливу на професійне становлення майбутніх медичних сестер. Встановлено зв’язок навчальної мотивації з окремими комунікативними установками у досліджуваних.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЛІКУВАННЯ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ ЗА ДАНИМИ ФАРМАКОЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНОГО ТА ФАРМАКОЕКОНОМІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ
Authors: Vinnikova N. V.
Published: March 2017

Метою даного дослідження було оцінити на основі ретроспективного фармакоепідеміологічного аналізу ефективність лікування артеріальної гіпертензії, дати фармакоекономічну оцінку антигіпертензивних лікарських засобів, розробити шляхи оптимізації антигіпертензивної терапії у хворих  в лікарняних закладах охорони здоров’я.
ПРОФЕСІЙНІСТЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ У СПІЛКУВАННІ З ПАЦІЄНТАМИ
Authors: Medynska A. V. , Konovalenko S. O.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано особливості вибору та використання комунікативної стратегії для ефективного спілкування медичної сестри з хворими. Дані дослідження дають багатий матеріал для глибшого й повнішого розуміння мовних прийомів, які використовують для різних соціальних груп населення та дають можливість медичній сестрі виробити певну точку зору на тимчасові й потенційні проблеми пацієнта.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОФЕСІЙНО ВАЖЛИВИХ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР
Authors: Zadyraka L. V.
Published: March 2017

У статті наведено психолого-педагогічні чинники впливу на професійну та особистісну підготовку майбутніх медичних сестер і надані  методичні рекомендації, спрямовані на розвиток їх професійно важливих психологічних якостей.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА МЕДИЧНОГО ПРАЦІВНИКА. СИНДРОМ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ
Authors: Liashok O. M.
Published: March 2017

У статті висвітлено професійну діяльність медичних працівників, які надають паліативну допомогу пацієнтам, пов’язаними із психоемоційними навантаженнями і супроводжується впливом емоційно негативних факторів, що призводять до синдрому професійного вигорання.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ФIЗИЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТIВ МЕДИЧНОГО КОЛЕДЖУ ТА ВПЛИВ НА УСПIШНIСТЬ
Authors: Pozhydayeva O. L. , Zarudna O. I.
Published: March 2017

Стаття присвячена дослідженню стану фізичного здоров’я студентів медичного колледжу та впливу на успішність.
ВПЛИВ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ НА ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ іЗ БРОНХІАЛЬНОЮ ОБСТРУКЦІЄЮ РІЗНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ
Authors: Horodetskyy V. Ye. , Kvasha T. M.
Published: March 2017

У статті проаналізовано впливу реабілітаційної програми на якість життя у пацієнтів із бронхіальною обструкцією та роль медичної сестри у проведенні опитувань пацієнтів даної групи.
МИСТЕЦТВО СЛОВА В МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Boyeva O. I.
Published: March 2017

Деонтологічні вимоги до культури слова полягають в тому, що медичний працівник повинен вміти: розповісти хворому про хворобу та її лікування; заспокоїти і підбадьорити хворого; використовувати слово як важливий фактор психотерапії; вживати слово так, щоб воно стало свідченням загальної та медичної культури; переконати хворого в необхідності того чи іншого лікування; терпляче мовчати, коли цього вимагають інтереси хворого; не позбавляти хворого надії на одужання; володіти собою в усіх ситуаціях.
РІВЕНЬ ЯКОСТІ СТАНУ СОМАТИЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТІВ ОДЕСЬКОГО ОБЛАСНОГО БАЗОВОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УЧИЛИЩА З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ПОСТАВИ
Authors: Tarasenko N. I.
Published: March 2017

У статті розглянуто питання якості стану соматичного здоров’я студентів із порушеннями постави у зв’язку з їхньою захворюваністю.
Calcium and the effects of grugs on smooth muscles of the oesophagus of Aplysia brasiliana (Mollusc-Opistobranch)
Authors: Sawaya Paulo , Leahy Winston M.
Published: March 2017

Movimentos expontâneos do esôfago de Aplysia brasiliana apresentam dois tipos de contração: tônicas ou sustentadas e fásicas. Ambos os tipos são afetados pelo teôr de Calcio++ na água do mar. Ação da ACh sôbre a musculatura do esôfago deste Gastrópode - Opistobrânquio também depende diretamente do teôr de Calcio++ no líquido perfusor que é da ordem de 0.020 g/l. As reações do órgão a diferentes salinidades foram estudadas e discutidas.
Efeitos do Glucagon no metabolismo glicídico de Chrysemys d'orbignyi (Reptilia, Chelonia) sob a influência das variações estacionais
Authors: Marques Maria
Published: March 2017

Estudou-se no presente trabalho a ação do glucagon sôbre o metabolismo glicídico em Chrysemys d'orbignyi, colhendo-se dados experimentais durante o inverno e o verão.
Variational Latent Gaussian Process for Recovering Single-Trial Dynamics from Population Spike Trains
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Park Il Memming
Published: March 2017

When governed by underlying low-dimensional dynamics, the interdependence of simultaneously recorded populations of neurons can be explained by a small number of shared factors, or a low-dimensional trajectory. Recovering these latent trajectories, particularly from single-trial population recordings, may help us understand the dynamics that drive neural computation. However, due to the biophysical constraints and noise in the spike trains, inferring trajectories from data is a challenging statistical problem in general. Here, we propose a practical and efficient inference method, the variational latent gaussian process (vLGP). The vLGP combines a generative model with a history-dependent point process observation, together with a smoothness prior on the latent trajectories. The vLGP improves on earlier methods for recovering latent trajectories, which assume either observation models inappropriate for point processes or linear dynamics. We compare and validate vLGP on both simulated data sets and population recordings from the primary visual cortex. In the V1 data set, we find that vLGP achieves substantially higher performance than previous methods for predicting omitted spike trains, as well as capturing both the toroidal topology of visual stimuli space and the noise correlation. These results show that vLGP is a robust method with the potential to reveal hidden neural dynamics from large-scale neural recordings.
A Unified Theory of Neuro-MRI Data Shows Scale-Free Nature of Connectivity Modes
Authors: Galinsky Vitaly L. , Frank Lawrence R.
Published: March 2017

A primary goal of many neuroimaging studies that use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to deduce the structure-function relationships in the human brain using data from the three major neuro-MRI modalities: high-resolution anatomical, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI. To date, the general procedure for analyzing these data is to combine the results derived independently from each of these modalities.

In this article, we develop a new theoretical and computational approach for combining these different MRI modalities into a powerful and versatile framework that combines our recently developed methods for morphological shape analysis and segmentation, simultaneous local diffusion estimation and global tractography, and nonlinear and nongaussian spatial-temporal activation pattern classification and ranking, as well as our fast and accurate approach for nonlinear registration between modalities. This joint analysis method is capable of extracting new levels of information that is not achievable from any of those single modalities alone. A theoretical probabilistic framework based on a reformulation of prior information and available interdependencies between modalities through a joint coupling matrix and an efficient computational implementation allows construction of quantitative functional, structural, and effective brain connectivity modes and parcellation.

This new method provides an overall increase of resolution, accuracy, level of detail, and information content and has the potential to be instrumental in the clinical adaptation of neuro-MRI modalities, which, when jointly analyzed, provide a more comprehensive view of a subject’s structure-function relations, while the current standard, wherein single-modality methods are analyzed separately, leaves a critical gap in an integrated view of a subject’s neuorphysiological state. As one example of this increased sensitivity, we demonstrate that the jointly estimated structural and functional dependencies of mode power follow the same power law decay with the same exponent.
Nowcasting Foehn Wind Events Using the AdaBoost Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Sprenger Michael , Schemm Sebastian , Oechslin Roger , Jenkner Johannes
Published: March 2017

The south foehn is a characteristic downslope windstorm in the valleys of the northern Alps in Europe that demands reliable forecasts because of its substantial economic and societal impacts. Traditionally, a foehn is predicted based on pressure differences and tendencies across the Alpine ridge. Here, a new objective method for foehn prediction is proposed based on a machine learning algorithm (called AdaBoost, short for adaptive boosting). Three years (2000–02) of hourly simulations of the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling’s (COSMO) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and corresponding foehn wind observations are used to train the algorithm to distinguish between foehn and nonfoehn events. The predictors (133 in total) are subjectively extracted from the 7-km COSMO reanalysis dataset based on the main characteristics of foehn flows. The performance of the algorithm is then assessed with a validation dataset based on a contingency table that concisely summarizes the cooccurrence of observed and predicted (non)foehn events. The main performance measures are probability of detection (88.2%), probability of false detection (2.9%), missing rate (11.8%), correct alarm ratio (66.2%), false alarm ratio (33.8%), and missed alarm ratio (0.8%). To gain insight into the prediction model, the relevance of the single predictors is determined, resulting in a predominance of pressure differences across the Alpine ridge (i.e., similar to the traditional methods) and wind speeds at the foehn stations. The predominance of pressure-related predictors is further established in a sensitivity experiment where ~2500 predictors are objectively incorporated into the prediction model using the AdaBoost algorithm. The performance is very similar to the run with the subjectively determined predictors. Finally, some practical aspects of the new foehn index are discussed (e.g., the predictability of foehn events during the four seasons). The correct alarm rate is highest in winter (86.5%), followed by spring (79.6%), and then autumn (69.2%). The lowest rates are found in summer (51.2%).
Recent Overdose Experiences in a Community Sample of Military Veterans Who Use Opioids
Authors: Pouget Enrique R. , Bennett Alex S. , Elliott Luther , Rosenblum Andrew , Britton Peter C.
Published: March 2017

Rising rates of overdose mortality underscore the importance of understanding and preventing overdose. We developed a seven-item scale for the assessment of nonfatal opioid-related overdose experiences, adding items on others’ perceptions of whether the participant had overdosed and whether an intervention was attempted to frequently used criteria. We administered the scale to 240 primarily male and minority veterans, recruited using venue-based and chain-referral sampling, who separated from the military post-9/11 and reported current opioid use. The items were internally consistent, and correlated well with overdose risk behaviors ( r = .13-.45). The new scale detected overdose events in a significantly higher proportion of participants (36.5%) than that using either self-report criterion (18.2%) or difficulty breathing and losing consciousness criteria (23.8%). These experiences or perceptions should be investigated to inform and better tailor the development of more effective overdose prevention and response programs.
The phraseological dimension in interlanguage complexity research
Authors: Paquot Magali
Published: March 2017

This article reports on the first results of a large-scale research programme that aims to define and circumscribe the construct of phraseological complexity and to theoretically and empirically demonstrate its relevance for second language theory. Within this broad agenda, the study has two main objectives. First, it investigates to what extent measures of phraseological complexity can be used to describe second language (L2) performance at different proficiency levels. Second, it compares measures of phraseological complexity with traditional measures of syntactic and lexical complexity. Variety and sophistication are postulated to be the first two dimensions of phraseological complexity, which is approached via relational co-occurrences, i.e. co-occurring words that appear in a specific structural or syntactic relation (e.g. adjective + noun, adverbial modifier + verb, verb + direct object). Phraseological diversity is operationalized as root type–token ratio computed for each syntactic relation. Two methods are tested to approach phraseological sophistication. First, sophisticated word combinations are defined as academic collocations that appear in the Academic Collocation List (Ackermann and Chen, 2013). Second, it is approximated with the average pointwise mutual information score as this measures has been shown to bring out word combinations made up of closely associated medium to low-frequency (i.e. advanced or sophisticated) words.

The study reveals that unlike traditional measures of syntactic and lexical complexity, measures of phraseological sophistication can be used to describe L2 performance at the B2, C1 and C2 levels of the Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR), thus suggesting that essential aspects of language development from upper-intermediate to very advanced proficiency level may be situated in the phraseological dimension.
Global longitudinal strain from resting echocardiogram is associated with long-term adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Yadlapati Ajay , Maher Timothy R. , Thomas James D. , Gajjar Mark , Ogunyankin Kofo O. , Puthumana Jyothy J.
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

Measuring myocardial strain using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has emerged as a new tool to identify subclinical ventricular dysfunction. Abnormal strain has been shown to have superior sensitivity compared with dobutamine stress echocardiography for viability assessment; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the prediction of long-term major adverse cardiac events. We compared the prognostic ability of both global longitudinal strain (GLS) from resting echocardiograms to regional wall motion score index (WMSI) from stress echocardiograms in their ability to predict long-term major adverse cardiac events.

Methods:

Patients referred for stress echocardiography, who also underwent coronary angiography within 3 months of stress echo (n=122), were enrolled. Patients with reduced ejection fractions (<40%) were excluded. Patients were followed for a median of 3.4 years for major adverse cardiac events, readmissions and repeat cardiac testing.

Results:

Patients with abnormal GLS (GLS <16.8%) from the resting echocardiogram obtained as part of the exercise echocardiogram experienced a significantly shorter time to major adverse cardiac events (p=0.026), first cardiovascular hospitalization and repeat cardiac testing (p=0.0011) compared to those with normal GLS. Abnormal GLS appears to be a better predictor than abnormal WMSI in predicting major adverse cardiac events (p=0.174) and time to first cardiovascular hospitalization or repeat cardiac testing (p=0.0093).

Conclusion:

GLS may be a better predictor of long-term major adverse cardiac events, readmissions and repeat cardiac testing than WMSI in patients undergoing stress echocardiography.
Outcome and Management of Refractory Respiratory Failure With Timely Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Single-Center Experience With Legionella Pneumonia
Authors: Roncon-Albuquerque Roberto , Vilares-Morgado Rodrigo , van der Heijden Gert-Jan , Ferreira-Coimbra João , Mergulhão Paulo , Paiva José Artur
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To analyze the management and outcome of patients with refractory respiratory failure complicating severe Legionella pneumonia rescued with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in our Center.

Design and Setting:

Observational study of patients with refractory respiratory failure treated with ECMO in Hospital S.João (Porto, Portugal), between November 2009 and September 2016.

Participants:

A total of 112 patients rescued with ECMO, of which 14 had Legionella pneumonia.

Results:

Patients with Legionella pneumonia were slightly older than patients with acute respiratory failure of other etiologies (51 [48-56] vs 45 [35-54]), but with no significant differences in acute respiratory failure severity between groups: Pao2/Fio2 ratio 67 (60-75) versus 69 (55-85) and Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction score 4 (1-5) versus 2 (-1-4), respectively. Legionella pneumonia was associated with earlier ECMO initiation (days of invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV] before ECMO: 2.0 [1.0-4.0] vs 5.0 [2.0-9.5]). After IMV adjustment to “lung rest” settings, this group presented higher respiratory system (RS) static compliance (28.7 [18.8-37.4] vs 16.0 [10.0-20.8] mL/cmH2O) but required higher ECMO support (blood flow 5.0 [4.3-5.4] vs 4.2 [3.6-4.8]). Patients with Legionella pneumonia had shorter IMV (16 [14-23] vs 27 [20-42] days) and lower incidence of intensive care unit nosocomial infections (35.7% vs 64.3%), with a trend to higher hospital survival (85.7% vs 62.2%; P = .13).

Conclusion:

In Legionella pneumonia complicated by refractory respiratory failure, ECMO support allowed patient stabilization under lung protective ventilation and high survival rates. Timely ECMO referral should be considered for Legionella pneumonia failing conventional treatment.
On the friction stir welding, tool design optimization, and strain rate-dependent mechanical properties of HDPE–ceramic composite joints
Authors: Raza Kabeer , Shamir Muhammad , Qureshi Muhammad Kashan Akhtar , Shaikh Abdul Shaafi , Zain-ul-abdein Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Friction stir welding is a recently developed technique for joining low-melting metals and polymers. In the present work, friction stir welded joints of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets were produced using a newly designed tool with a concave shoulder and a grooved conical pin. The joints were produced with and without the additions of ceramic particulates including silicon carbide (SiC), alumina, graphite, and silica. The effect of strain rate on the tensile properties of base material and plain welded joints was examined. In addition to tensile properties of composite joints, hardness profiles across the weld nugget were analyzed. It was observed that the increasing strain rate improved both the tensile strength and the ductility of the plain welded joints. The tool was able to yield a joint efficiency of around 84% in the plain welded samples. Although, in terms of joint efficiency, the composite joints were less efficient than the plain welded HDPE, SiC additions were found to yield better material properties relative to other reinforcements. Finally, it was concluded that an SiC–HDPE composite joint can be of practical importance in high strain rate applications, provided the optimum tool design and stir welding parameters are available.
Load relief control of launch vehicle using aerodynamic angle estimation
Authors: Oh Gyeongtaek , Park Jongho , Park Jeongha , Lee Hongju , Kim Youdan , Shin Sang-Joon , Ahn Jaemyung , Cho Sangbum
Published: March 2017

A nonlinear closed-loop load relief scheme is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic load during the ascent phase of a launch vehicle. The proposed controller is designed based on a back-stepping and sliding-mode control scheme with aerodynamic angle feedback. A hybrid load-relief strategy using the load relief scheme around the period of the maximum dynamic pressure and the traditional minimum-drift scheme during the other period is proposed. An aerodynamic angle estimator is also developed using a Kalman filter for the feedback of the load relief control. Numerical simulation is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy as well as the potential benefits.
Mental Health Status of Children After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: Mashiko Hirobumi , Yabe Hirooki , Maeda Masaharu , Itagaki Syuntaro , Kunii Yasuto , Shiga Tetsuya , Miura Itaru , Suzuki Yuriko , Yasumura Seiji , Iwasa Hajime , Niwa Shin-ichi , Ohtsuru Akira , Abe Masafumi
Published: March 2017

The disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, might have affected the mental health status of children. To assess the mental health status, we measured the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 15 274 children (aged 4-15 years). The proportions of those who scored above the cutoff (≥16) of SDQ, reflecting the clinical range of the mental health status, were 25.0% (aged 4-6 years), 22.0% (aged 7-12 years, and 16.3% (aged 13-15 years), which were higher than that in the usual state (9.5%). We also explored the possibility that the distribution on the Fukushima prefectural map of the proportions of those who scored above the cutoff (≥16) of SDQ might correspond with the environmental radiation levels, but there was no significant correlation.
Exercise Habits Are Important for the Mental Health of Children in Fukushima After the Fukushima Daiichi Disaster
Authors: Itagaki Shuntaro , Harigane Mayumi , Maeda Masaharu , Yasumura Seiji , Suzuki Yuriko , Mashiko Hirobumi , Nagai Masato , Ohira Tetsuya , Yabe Hirooki ,   on behalf of the Mental Health Group of the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Published: March 2017

After the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent nuclear reactor accident, the outdoor activities of children greatly decreased. We investigated adverse effects on the exercise habits and mental health of children after the disaster. The target subjects were children aged 6 to 15 years living inside the government-designated evacuation zone as of March 11, 2011 (n = 29  585). The subjects’ parents/guardians completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and exercise habit data were obtained from the 2011 Fukushima Health Management Survey. A total of 18  745 valid responses were returned. We excluded questionnaires with incomplete answers leaving 10  824 responses for the final analysis. SDQ scores ≥16 indicated high risk of mental health. Children in the evacuation zone who did not get regular exercise had a higher risk of mental problems as evaluated by SDQ (multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.49; 95% CI 1.38-1.62). When stratified by sex, age, place of residence, treatment for illnesses and experienced the nuclear reactor accident the associations were essentially the same. Regular exercise is important for maintaining children’s mental health after a disaster. This is the first large-scale report to examine the impact of outdoor exercise limitations among children in a nuclear accident.