bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestaciones e identidad colectiva
Authors: Casquete Jesús
Published: October 2011

La conversión de un grupo de individuos en una unidad social reconocible es un proceso dinámico que, para el caso de los movimientos sociales, pasa necesariamente por la celebración de ceremonias regulares de protesta. En este trabajo fijamos la atención en el País Vasco contemporáneo, dado que es, según toda la evidencia empírica disponible, el lugar de Occidente donde más frecuente y rutinaria resulta la protesta como modo de intervención política. En particular, se muestra la relevancia que adquieren las manifestaciones de masas organizadas de forma ritual (es decir, cargadas simbólicamente y escenificadas en la esfera pública de forma periódica y repetitiva) para la supervivencia de un actor colectivo, el Movimiento Vasco de Liberación Nacional. Las emociones desencadenadas en el curso de los actos de protesta coadyuvan a reforzar la identidad y la solidaridad colectivas de un grupo social que se percibe a sí mismo como amenazado cuando de preservar sus fronteras sistémicas se trata. En la medida en que los actos de masas cohesionan a sus participantes, el presente trabajo matiza los enfoques instrumentalistas en el estudio de la acción colectiva, para los que la interacción entre los movimientos sociales, por un lado, y las autoridades y la opinión pública, por otro lado, constituye el objeto privilegiado de estudio.
Actores sociales y desarrollo de la ley de dependencia en España
Authors: Marbán Gallego Vicente
Published: October 2011

La Ley 39/2006 supone un episodio de cambio fundamental en la política social de atención a la dependencia. En el texto se sostienen las hipótesis de que esta Ley es el resultado tanto de una senda acumulativa (path dependency) de factores socioeconómicos e institucionales acaecidos en la política social de atención a la dependencia desde los 80, como del resultado de intensos procesos de negociación entre los distintos actores sociales implicados mediante el establecimiento de “coaliciones de apoyo” (advocacy coalition) entre ellos. Para contrastar dichas hipótesis, se analiza el papel de los actores sociales en el desarrollo de la Ley y se realiza una valoración tentativa de sus resultados, retos e incertidumbres hasta la fecha. Con tal fin, se han realizado 17 entrevistas en profundidad a actores sociales estratégicos entre octubre de 2007 y julio 2008 partiendo de un cuestionario semiestructurado complementado con el análisis de fuentes secundarias y documentales.
Surficial geology, geomorphology, granular resource evaluation and geohazard assessment for the
Maxhamish Lake map area (NTS 94O), northeastern British Columbia
Authors: Huntley D , Hickin A , Chow W
Published: October 2011

As part of the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Program (GEM-Energy) Yukon Basins Project, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Minerals (BCMEM) collaborated between 2009 and 2011 to produce a digital surficial
geology and landform (geoscience) map and an accompanying geodatabase of field observations, terrain units, landforms and geomorphic processes in the Maxhamish Lake map area (NTS 94O), British Columbia. In this paper, we present the distribution of surficial deposits and landforms; and describe the
sedimentology, surface morphology and facies associations of major terrain units and landforms. This terrain inventory is evaluated to: a) better define the regional potential for granular aggregate and frac sand resources in the map area; b) identify key geohazards that could impact surface
infrastructure (e.g., road design, well pad locations, pipeline routing); c) provide baseline information useful for future land management decisions on resource development in northeastern British Columbia. By providing government agencies, industry, communities and the public access to reliable
geoscience information on surficial earth materials, geohazards and granular resource potential and groundwater, the risks for new investment, exploration and development of natural resources in northern British Columbia will be reduced.
Germination, growth, photosynthesis and ionic balance inSetaria viridisseedlings subjected to saline and alkaline stress
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhou Ji , Hao WeiPing , Gong DaoZhi , Zhong XiuLi , Gu FengXue , Liu Qi , Xia Xu , Tian JiaNi , Li HaoRu
Published: October 2011

Guo, R., Zhou, J., Hao, W., Gong, D., Zhong, X., Gu, F., Liu, Q., Xia, X., Tian, J. and Li, H. 2011. Germination, growth, photosynthesis and ionic balance in Setaria viridis seedlings subjected to saline and alkaline stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1077–1088. Setaria viridis seeds and seedlings were subjected to saline and alkaline stress to determine their effects on germination and growth indices, and physiological parameters. The treatments consisted of solutions of NaCl:Na2SO4for saline stress and NaHCO3:Na2CO3for alkaline stress, at different concentrations. Germination, growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ionic balance were determined to elucidate the difference in the mechanism of saline and alkaline stress damage to S. viridis seedlings, and their physiological adaptive mechanism to stress. Germination indices decreased and, germ and root growth were severely inhibited with increased concentrations, especially under alkaline stress. We also found that alkaline stress had a more severe effect on S. viridis seedlings than saline stress, which was demonstrated by greater reduction in relative growth rate, water content and root system activity. Similarly, the reduction in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence was greater under alkaline than saline stress. Alkaline stress also appeared to exacerbate the ionic imbalance generated by saline stress; alkaline stress caused a heavy precipitate of phosphate and metal ions, excluding Na+and K+, and the loss of NO3−and H2PO4−, which caused a sharp decrease in ionic activity and free concentrations of various ions. Our results suggest that damage caused by alkaline stress might come from greater influx of Na+than caused by saline stress. Setaria viridis responds by synthesizing greater amounts of organic acids than are required to counter salinity to address the intracellular ion imbalance; this process is at the cost of the plant's already diminished energy resource.
Norman barley
Authors: Legge W. G. , Tucker J. R. , Bizimungu B. , Tekauz A. , Noll J. S. , Fetch T. G. , Menzies J. G. , Haber S. , Savard M. E. , Vigier B. J. , Choo T. M. , Martin R. A. , Turkington T. K. , Rossnagel B. G. , Harvey B. L.
Published: October 2011

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Tekauz, A., Noll, J. S., Fetch Jr., T. G., Menzies, J. G., Haber, S., Savard, M. E., Vigier, B. J., Choo, T. M., Martin, R. A., Turkington, T. K., Rossnagel, B. G. and Harvey, B. L. 2011. Norman barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1105–1113. Norman is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar derived from the cultivar CDC Kendall that was widely grown in western Canada and utilized commercially by the malting and brewing industry. Developed in 2000 by in vitro selection using deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in the medium of an anther culture system, Norman was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test in 2005 and 2006, and the malting and brewing industry Collaborative Malting Barley Trials in 2006 and 2007, before being registered in 2009. Norman was also evaluated extensively for deoxynivalenol concentration in fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) nurseries from 2001 to 2009. Norman accumulates 25 to 30% less deoxynivalenol than its parent cultivar, CDC Kendall, but is similar in all other traits including malting quality.
The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 149. Rumex acetosella L.
Authors: Stopps Gregory , White Scott , Clements David , Upadhyaya Mahesh
Published: October 2011

Stopps, G. J., White, S. N., Clements, D. R. and Upadhyaya, M. K. 2011. The Biology of Canadian weeds. 149. Rumex acetosella L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1037–1052. Rumex acetosella L., sheep sorrel, is a perennial herb originating from Europe and southwestern Asia, now found in at least 70 countries worldwide. A common weed, it appears in grasslands, pastures, rangelands, waste areas, and along roadsides across North America. It frequently occurs as a weed in lowbush blueberry fields in Atlantic Canada, particularly in Nova Scotia. Rumex acetosella thrives on poor, acidic, and disturbed soils across a broad range of climatic conditions. A persistent seed bank and vegetative reproduction from creeping roots contribute to the ability of R. acetosella to tolerate various methods of control including certain herbicides, fire, and tillage. Tart-tasting leaves, rich in vitamin C have led to the use of R. acetosella in European and North American cultures as both a source of food and a component of herbal medicines. Excessive consumption of the leaves, which contain oxalic acid, can be poisonous to horses and sheep. In addition, R. acetosella is a possible host of the tomato spotted wilt virus, which is detrimental to a variety of vegetable crops.
Impact of root fragment dimension, weight, burial depth, and water regime on Cirsium arvense emergence and growth
Authors: Sciegienka Joanna , Keren Elai , Menalled Fabian
Published: October 2011

Sciegienka, J. K., Keren, E. N. and Menalled, F. D. 2011. Impact of root fragment dimension, weight, burial depth, and water regime on Cirsium arvense emergence and growth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1027–1036. Cirsium arvense is an aggressive, introduced, perennial invasive weed that flourishes in a wide variety of environments including conventional and organic agricultural systems as well as disturbed non-crop habitats. Even though much research has been conducted on the chemical, biological, and cultural management of C. arvense, less information is available on how pre-emergence factors affect its reproductive biology and growth. This research assessed the combined impact of root fragment size, root fragment biomass, burial depth, and water regime (a proxy of water availability) on C. arvenseemergence and growth in fallow conditions. In field experiments, root burial depth was the most important factor determining C. arvenseemergence and growth, with roots at the 10-cm depth having the greatest average emergence (51.2±2.0% in 2007 and 43.5±7.2% in 2008; mean±SEM) compared to roots at the 2 cm (8.9±7.4% in 2007 and 38.1±8.3% in 2008) or 20 cm (12.8±4.0% in 2007 and 17.6±2.7% in 2008) depth. In greenhouse experiments, water regime was the overriding variable determining C. arvense emergence as well as above-ground and below-ground biomass. These results could improve decision-aid models and enhance the efficacy of site-specific C. arvense management practices.
Sensitivity studies for a space-based methane lidar mission
Authors: Kiemle C. , Quatrevalet M. , Ehret G. , Amediek A. , Fix A. , Wirth M.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Methane is the third most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere after water vapour and carbon dioxide. A major handicap to quantify the emissions at the Earth's surface in order to better understand biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes and potential climate feedbacks is the lack of accurate and global observations of methane. Space-based integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar has potential to fill this gap, and a Methane Remote Lidar Mission (MERLIN) on a small satellite in polar orbit was proposed by DLR and CNES in the frame of a German-French climate monitoring initiative. System simulations are used to identify key performance parameters and to find an advantageous instrument configuration, given the environmental, technological, and budget constraints. The sensitivity studies use representative averages of the atmospheric and surface state to estimate the measurement precision, i.e. the random uncertainty due to instrument noise. Key performance parameters for MERLIN are average laser power, telescope size, orbit height, surface reflectance, and detector noise. A modest-size lidar instrument with 0.45 W average laser power and 0.55 m telescope diameter on a 506 km orbit could provide 50-km averaged methane column measurement along the sub-satellite track with a precision of about 1% over vegetation. The use of a methane absorption trough at 1.65 μm improves the near-surface measurement sensitivity and vastly relaxes the wavelength stability requirement that was identified as one of the major technological risks in the pre-phase A studies for A-SCOPE, a space-based IPDA lidar for carbon dioxide at the European Space Agency. Minimal humidity and temperature sensitivity at this wavelength position will enable accurate measurements in tropical wetlands, key regions with largely uncertain methane emissions. In contrast to actual passive remote sensors, measurements in Polar Regions will be possible and biases due to aerosol layers and thin ice clouds will be minimised.
Comparison of the observed dependence of large-scale Birkeland currents on solar wind parameters with that obtained from global simulations
Authors: Korth H. , Rastätter L. , Anderson B. J. , Ridley A. J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Spatial distributions of the large-scale Birkeland currents derived from magnetic field data acquired by the constellation of Iridium Communications satellites have been compared with global-magnetosphere magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The Iridium data, spanning the interval from February 1999 to December 2007, were first sorted into 45°-wide bins of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle, and the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on solar wind electric field magnitude, Eyz, ram pressure, psw, and Alfvén Mach number, MA, were then examined within each bin. The simulations have been conducted at the publicly-accessible Community Coordinated Modeling Center using the University of Michigan Space Weather modeling Framework, which features a global magnetosphere model coupled to the Rice Convection Model. In excess of 120 simulations with steady-state conditions were executed to yield the dependencies of the Birkeland currents on the solar wind and IMF parameters of the coupled model. Averaged over all IMF orientations, the simulation reproduces the Iridium statistical Birkeland current distributions with a two-dimensional correlation coefficient of about 0.8, and the total current agrees with the climatology averages to within 10%. The total current for individual events regularly exceeds those computed from statistical distributions by factors of ≥2, resulting in larger disparities between observations and simulations. The simulation results also qualitatively reflect the observed increases in total current with increasing Eyz and psw, but the model underestimates the rate of increase by up to 50%. The equatorward expansion and shift of the large-scale currents toward noon observed for increasing Eyz are also evident in the simulation current patterns. Consistent with the observations, the simulation does not show a significant dependence of the total current on MA.
Carotenoids in Age-Related Maculopathy Italian Study (CARMIS): Two-Year Results of a Randomized Study
Authors:   The Carmis Study Group, Piermarocchi Stefano , Saviano Sandro , Parisi Vincenzo , Tedeschi Massimiliano , Panozzo Giacomo , Scarpa Giuseppe , Boschi Giorgio , Giudice Giuseppe Lo ,   The Carmis Study Group, Piermarocchi Stefano , Sartore Mauro , Monterosso Gianluca , Giudice Giuseppe Lo , Fregona Iva , Cavarzeran Fabiano , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Saviano Sandro , Di Stefano Giuseppe , Varano Monica , Parisi Vincenzo , Tedeschi Massimiliano , Capaldo Nicoletta , Panozzo Giacomo , Pignatto Silvia , Gusson Elena , Parolini Barbara , Boschi Giorgio , Scarpa Giuseppe , Del Sal Carla , Virgili Gianni
Published: October 2011

Purpose

The high concentration of carotenoids in the macula, plus evidence linking oxidative stress to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and carotenoids to antioxidation, generated the hypothesis that higher antioxidant intakes can prevent AMD. The aim of this study was to determine whether nutritional supplementation with a targeted nutritional supplement improves visual acuity and visual function in AMD.

Methods

In this multicenter, prospective open-label randomized study, 145 patients were randomly assigned to 2 different treatment groups. Interventions were lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (1 mg), astaxanthin (4 mg; AZYR SIFI, Catania, Italy), and antioxidants/vitamins supplementation formula or no dietary supplementation for 2 years. Primary outcome was mean changes in visual acuity (VA) at 12 and 24 months. Other measures included contrast sensitivity (CS) and National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) scores at 12 and 24 months.

Results

Patients in the treated group showed stabilization of VA with significantly (p=0.003) better VA scores (81.4±7.2) compared to the nontreated group (76.8±8.9) at 24-month follow-up. An improvement in CS (p=0.001) and final mean NEI VFQ-25 composite scores at 12 and 24 months higher in treated group compared to nontreated group were also shown (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients treated with lutein/zeaxanthin and astaxanthin together with other nutrients were more likely to report clinically meaningful stabilization/improvements in VA, CS, and visual function through 24 months compared with nontreated subjects. Further studies are needed with more patients and for longer periods of time.
Acute phase after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Graf L. , Stern M.
Published: October 2011

The transplantation of allogeneic or autologous haematopoietic stem cells is an established treatment for many malignant and non-malignant diseases of the bone marrow. Intensive cytoreductive regimens administered before transplantation induce prolonged and severe cytopenia of all haematopoietic lineages. Thrombocytopenia leads to an increased risk of bleeding, which may be further aggravated by consumption of plasmatic factors as a result of tumour lysis or after antibody administration. At the same time, patients after transplantation are also at increased risk of thrombotic complications. Endothelial damage induced by radio-and chemotherapy, indwelling catheters, prolonged immobilization and a high incidence of systemic infection all contribute to the frequent occurrence of thromboembolic events in this population.

This review discusses the incidence and risk factors for haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications after stem cell transplantation. Special emphasis is given to complications occurring specifically in the context of transplantation such as diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, haemorrhagic cystitis, veno-occlusive disease, and transplant associated microangiopathy.
Bariatric Metabolic Surgery vs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Mortality
Authors: Dicker Dror , Sagy Yael Wolff , Ramot Noga , Battat Erez , Greenland Philip , Arbel Ronen , Lavie Gil , Reges Orna
Published: June 2024

Importance

Evidence regarding the relative effectiveness of bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in reducing mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) is limited.

Objective

To compare all-cause mortality and nonfatal MACEs associated with BMS vs GLP-1RAs for adults with obesity and diabetes and without known cardiovascular disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational, retrospective cohort study was based on data obtained from the electronic medical records of Clalit Health Services (Clalit), the largest health care organization in Israel. The study included 6070 members aged 24 years or older, who had diabetes and obesity and no prior history of ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, or congestive heart failure. Patients who underwent BMS and patients who received GLP-1RAs from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2021, were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and clinical characteristics. Follow-up ended December 31, 2022.

Exposures

Initiation of BMS or GLP-1RAs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The secondary outcome was nonfatal MACEs, assessed by multivariate competing risk models.

Results

The study included 3035 matched pairs of patients (total, 6070; mean [SD] age, 51.0 [9.5] years; 3938 women [64.9%]), who were followed up for a median of 6.8 years (IQR, 4.1-9.4 years). Among those with a diabetes duration of 10 years or less (2371 pairs), mortality was lower for those who underwent BMS than for those treated with GLP-1RAs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.25-0.58). This association became nonsignificant when weight loss during the follow-up period was also included in the model (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.43-1.48). Among patients with a duration of diabetes longer than 10 years (664 pairs), no survival advantage was demonstrated for BMS over GLP-1RA (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.08). The risk for nonfatal MACEs did not differ between the treatment groups (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.49-1.10 among patients with a diabetes duration of ≤10 years; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.80-1.85 among patients with a diabetes duration of >10 years).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, BMS was associated with greater reduced mortality compared with first-generation GLP-1RAs among individuals with a diabetes duration of 10 years or less, mediated via greater weight loss. No differences in the risk for mortality were observed between the treatment modalities among individuals with a longer duration of diabetes, nor in the occurrence of nonfatal MACEs among all patients.
Temperature/Component‐Dependent Luminescence in Lead‐Free Hybrid Metal Halides for Temperature Sensor and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhou Guojun , Wang Yanting , Mao Yilin , Guo Caihong , Zhang Jian , Molokeev Maxim S. , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: June 2024

Hybrid metal halides (HMHs) have emerged as a promising platform for optically functional crystalline materials, but it is extremely challenging to thoroughly elucidate the electron transition coupled to additional ligand emission. Herein, to discover sequences of lead‐free HMHs with distinct optically active metal cations are aimed, that is, Sb3+ (5s2) with the lone‐pair electron configuration and In3+ (4d10) with the fully‐filled electron configuration. (Me2NH2)4MCl6·Cl (Me = −CH3, M = Sb, In) exhibits the superior temperature/component‐dependent luminescence behaviors resulting from the competition transition between triplet‐states (Tn‐S0) self‐trapped excitons (STEs) of inorganic units and singlet‐state (S1‐S0) of organic cations, which is manipulated by the optical activity levels of [SbCl6]3− and [InCl6]3−. The bonding differences between Sb3+/In3+ and Cl− in terms of electronic excitation and hybridization are emphasized, and the different electron‐transition mechanisms are established according to the PL spectra at the extreme temperature of 5 to 305 K and theoretical calculations. By fine‐tuning the B‐site Sb3+/In3+ alloying, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 81.5%) and stability are optimized at 20% alloying of Sb3+. This research sheds light on the rules governing PL behaviors of HMHs, as well as exploring the optical‐functional application of aviation temperature sensors and access‐control systems.
Advances in Electrocatalyst Design and Mechanism for Sulfide Oxidation Reaction in Hydrogen Sulfide Splitting
Authors: Yu Zhao , Deng Zhiping , Li Yao , Wang Xiaolei
Published: June 2024

Sulfide oxidation reaction (SOR) is a semi‐reaction for the electrochemical decomposition of hydrogen sulfide. Combining SOR with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) allows for the simultaneous splitting of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to produce green hydrogen, reducing energy input and environmental pollution. However, the phenomenon of sulfur passivation on the anode leads to catalyst deactivation, posing a bottleneck in developing efficient SOR. Electrocatalysts with decent performance and sulfur‐tolerance play a central role in the application of SOR. Here, recent progress on electrocatalysis mechanisms and catalyst design strategies of SOR are summarized. A summary of recent progress is made in materials such as alloys, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, and heterostructures as SOR catalysts. Additionally, some valuable design and modulation strategies are highlighted and included. Finally, this review offers an outlook on the future directions in this emerging field.
Fiber‐Based Miniature Strain Sensor with Fast Response and Low Hysteresis
Authors: Wang Ruixuan , Qiu Tong , Zhang Yujing , Rein Michael , Stolyarov Alexander , Zhang Junru , Seidel Gary D. , Johnson Blake N. , Wang Anbo , Jia Xiaoting
Published: June 2024

Flexible and stretchable strain sensors are in high demand in sports performance monitoring, structural health monitoring, and biomedical applications. However, existing stretchable soft sensors, primarily based on soft polymer materials, often suffer from drawbacks, including high hysteresis, low durability, and delayed response. To overcome these limitations, a stretchable miniature fiber sensor comprised of a stretchable core tightly coiled with parallel conductive wires is introduced. This fiber sensor is flexible and stretchable while exhibiting low hysteresis, a remarkable theoretical resolution of 0.015%, a response time of <30 milliseconds, and excellent stability after extensive cycling tests of over 16 000 cycles. To understand and predict the capacitive sensor response of the proposed sensor, an analytical expression is derived and proved to have good agreements with both experimental results and numerical simulation. The potential of the strain sensor as a wearable device is demonstrated by embedding it into belts, gloves, and knee protectors. Additionally, the sensor can extend its applications beyond wearable devices, as demonstrated by its integration into bladder and life safety rope monitoring systems. The sensor is envisioned to have applications in the field of sports performance evaluations, health care monitoring, and structural safety assessments.
Wireless Peristaltic Pump for Transporting Viscous Fluids and Solid Cargos in Confined Spaces
Authors: Sharma Saksham , Jung Laura Caroline , Lee Nicholas , Wang Yusheng , Kirk‐Jadric Ane , Naik Rishi , Dong Xiaoguang
Published: June 2024

The transport of fluids and solids is a vital process inside the human body, facilitated by the wave‐like motion in the lumen called peristalsis. However, peristalsis may be compromised due to tumor growth, resulting in difficulties in lumen motility. The dysmotility of the human lumen can result in blockages and pose numerous challenges, including aspiration in the lungs and reproductive issues in the female oviduct. Restoring peristalsis in medical devices, such as medical stents, can prevent device blockage and promote effective transport. Here, a wirelessly actuated soft robotic undulating pump designed to efficiently transport both viscous fluidic and solid cargos is proposed. The kinematics of the single sheet and the coordination between pairs are systematically designed to generate undulation and peristalsis, enabling the pumping of both liquids and solids. The integration of the undulating pump is demonstrated onto an esophageal stent. The same undulating motion‐based pumping mechanism can be adapted for usage in other organs, such as the female oviduct, thereby offering potential applications for treating lumen dysmotility in various diseases. The proposed wirelessly actuated robotic pumping mechanism holds promise in facilitating diverse implantable medical devices aimed at treating diseases characterized by impaired peristalsis and dysmotility.
Dual‐Site Trigger Electronic Communication Effects to Accelerate H2O2 Activation for Colorimetric Sensing of Uranyl Ions in Seawater
Authors: Jia Xiangkun , Jiao Lei , Li Ruimin , Chen Chengjie , Li Xiaotong , Hu Lijun , Zhai Yanling , Zhu Chengzhou , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: June 2024

Efficient activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through biomimetic catalysis still faces a major challenge. In this work, inspired by the catalytic pocket of natural peroxidase, Cu single atom (CuSA) and AuCu nanoparticles (AuCuNPs) anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon skeleton (CuSA‐AuCuNPs/NC) serve as dual active sites that significantly accelerate the charge transfer process and thus achieve efficient H2O2 activation. Meanwhile, the experimental and theoretical calculations show that the well‐established electronic communication effect between CuSA and AuCuNPs results in moderate electronic modifications to CuSA, which promotes the heterolysis of H2O2 and the timely desorption of H2O. As a proof of concept, CuSA‐AuCuNPs/NC show remarkable performance in detecting uranyl ions in seawater. This work provides new insights into the H2O2 activation for colorimetric sensing.
Unconventional Dually‐Mobile Superrepellent Surfaces
Authors: Fan Yue , Wang Shuai , Huang Yusheng , Tan Yao , Gui Lishuang , Huang Shilin , Tian Xuelin
Published: June 2024

The ability of water droplets to move freely on superrepellent surfaces is a crucial feature that enables effective liquid repellency. Common superrepellent surfaces allow free motion of droplets in the Cassie state, with the liquid resting on the surface textures. However, liquid impalement into the textures generally leads to a wetting transition to the Wenzel state and droplet immobilization on the surface, thereby destroying the liquid repellency. This study reports the creation of a novel type of superrepellent surface through rational structural control combined with liquid‐like surface chemistry, which allows for the free movement of water droplets and effective repellency in both the Cassie and Wenzel states. Theoretical guidelines for designing such surfaces are provided, and experimental results are consistent with theoretical analysis. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the enhanced ice resistance of the dually‐mobile superrepellent surfaces, along with their distinctive self‐cleaning capability to eliminate internal contaminants. This study expands the understanding of superrepellency and offers new possibilities for the development of repellent surfaces with exceptional anti‐wetting properties.
Superconductivity in Freestanding Infinite‐Layer Nickelate Membranes
Authors: Yan Shengjun , Mao Wei , Sun Wenjie , Li Yueying , Sun Haoying , Yang Jiangfeng , Hao Bo , Guo Wei , Nian Leyan , Gu Zhengbin , Wang Peng , Nie Yuefeng
Published: June 2024

The observation of superconductivity in infinite‐layer nickelates has attracted significant attention due to its potential as a new platform for exploring high‐Tc superconductivity. However, thus far, superconductivity has only been observed in epitaxial thin films, which limits the manipulation capabilities and modulation methods compared to two‐dimensional exfoliated materials. Given the exceptionally giant strain tunability and stacking capability of freestanding membranes, separating superconducting nickelates from the as‐grown substrate is a novel way to engineer the superconductivity and uncover the underlying physics. Herein, this work reports the synthesis of the superconducting freestanding La0.8Sr0.2NiO2 membranes (), emphasizing the crucial roles of the interface engineering in the precursor phase film growth and the quick transfer process in achieving superconductivity. This work offers a new versatile platform for investigating superconductivity in nickelates, such as the pairing symmetry via constructing Josephson tunneling junctions and higher Tc values via high‐pressure experiments.
Strong‐Yet‐Ductile Eutectic Alloys Employing Cocoon‐Like Nanometer‐Sized Dislocation Cells
Authors: Shi Peijian , Li Yi , Jiang Xin , Shen Zhe , Li Runguang , Lin Zhongze , Li Qiang , Ding Biao , Zheng Tianxiang , Liang Xue , Min Na , Peng Jianchao , Li Hui , Ren Weili , Lei Zuosheng , Ren Yang , Liu C. T. , Zhong Yunbo , Ma Evan
Published: June 2024

Eutectic alloys (EAs) with superior fluidity are known to be the easiest to cast into high‐quality ingots, making them the alloys of choice for making large‐sized structural parts. However, conventional EAs (CEAs) have never reached strength–ductility combinations on par with the best in other alloy categories. Via thermomechanical processing of cast Ni‐32.88wt%Fe‐9.53wt%Al CEAs, a cocoon‐like nano‐meshed (as fine as 26 nm) network of dislocations (CNN‐D) is produced via recovery annealing, through the rearrangement of cold‐work‐accumulated dislocations anchored by dense pre‐existing nanoprecipitates. In lieu of traditional plasticity mechanisms, such as TWIP and TRIP, the CNN‐D is particularly effective in eutectic lamellae with alternating phases, as it instigates nanometer‐spaced planar slip bands that not only dynamically refine the microstructure but also transmit from the FCC (face‐centered‐cubic) layers into the otherwise brittle B2 layers. These additional mechanisms for strengthening and strain hardening sustain stable tensile flow, resulting in a striking elevation of both strength and ductility to outrank not only all previous CEAs, but also the state of the art—additively manufactured eutectic high‐entropy alloys. The CNN‐D thus adds a novel microstructural strategy for performance enhancement, especially for compositionally complex alloys that increasingly make use of nanoprecipitates or local chemical order.
Efficient and Robust Dynamic Crosslinking for Compatibilizing Immiscible Mixed Plastics through In Situ Generated Singlet Nitrenes
Authors: Castro Jordan , Westworth Xavier , Shrestha Roman , Yokoyama Kosuke , Guan Zhibin
Published: June 2024

Creating a sustainable economy for plastics demands the exploration of new strategies for efficient management of mixed plastic waste. The inherent incompatibility of different plastics poses a major challenge in plastic mechanical recycling, resulting in phase‐separated materials with inferior mechanical properties. Here, this study presents a robust and efficient dynamic crosslinking chemistry that effectively compatibilizes mixed plastics. Composed of aromatic sulfonyl azides, the dynamic crosslinker shows high thermal stability and generates singlet nitrene species in situ during solvent‐free melt‐extrusion, effectively promoting C─H insertion across diverse plastics. This new method demonstrates successful compatibilization of binary polymer blends and model mixed plastics, enhancing mechanical performance and improving phase morphology. It holds promise for managing mixed plastic waste, supporting a more sustainable lifecycle for plastics.
Magnetically Actuated GelMA‐Based Scaffolds as a Strategy to Generate Complex Bioprinted Tissues
Authors: Ergene Emre , Liman Gorkem , Yilgor Pinar , Demirel Gokhan
Published: June 2024

The 3D bioprinting of complex structures has attracted particular attention in recent years and has been explored in several fields, including dentistry, pharmaceutical technology, medical devices, and tissue/organ engineering. However, it still possesses major challenges, such as decreased cell viability due to the prolongation of the printing time, along with difficulties in preserving the print shape. The 4D bioprinting approach, which is based on controlled shape transformation upon stimulation after 3D bioprinting, is a promising innovative method to overcome these difficulties. Herein, the generation of skeletal muscle tissue‐like complex structures is demonstrated by 3D bioprinting of GelMA‐based C2C12 mouse myoblast‐laden bio‐ink on a polymeric magnetic actuator that enables on‐demand shape transformation (i.e., rolling motion) under a magnetic field. Bioprinted scaffolds are used in both unrolled (open as control) and rolled forms. The results indicate that C2C12s remain viable upon controlled shape transformation, and functional myotube formation is initiated by the 7th day within bioprinted platforms. Moreover, when the rolled and open groups are compared regarding MyoD1 staining intensity, the rolled one enhanced MyoD1 expression. These results provide a promising methodology for generating complex structures with a simple magnetic actuation procedure for the bioprinting of tissue‐engineered constructs with enhanced cell viability and functionality.
Integrated Transcriptome Analysis of Radioresistant Cells Revealed Genes and Pathways Predictive Of Tumor Response to Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Perez‐Añorve Isidro X. , Flores‐Fortis Mauricio , Patiño‐Morales Carlos C. , Ortiz‐Gutierrez Elizabeth , Del Moral‐Hernandez Oscar , Gonzalez‐De la Rosa Claudia H. , Soto‐Reyes Ernesto , Bonilla‐Moreno Raul , Chavez Saldaña Margarita , Landero‐Huerta Daniel A. , Ortega‐Bernal Daniel , Villegas Nicolas , Arechaga‐Ocampo Elena
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer cells exposed to radiotherapy frequently develop radiation resistance through molecular and phenotypic changes. While there is evidences of pathways controlling radioresistance, the evolution of diverse cell phenotypes and transcriptional changes as mediators of radioresistance in breast cancer are restricted. Moreover, the effectiveness of the chemotherapy on radioresistant cells remains uncertain. In this work, an isogenic model of radioresistant breast cancer cells (RR cells) is used to study this phenotype. RR cells show high survival rates after radiation, moreover, RR cells of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype show a significantly advanced invasiveness phenotype. Notably, RR cells are significantly sensitive to chemotherapy by inhibit cell survival and promote apoptosis. Transcriptomics and gene co‐expression network analysis identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes related to survival and apoptosis pathways in the RR cells of luminal subtype, while in TNBC subtype, cell migration, cell differentiation, and immune pathways are enriched. Hub genes predict the failure of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients, but they are also related to pathological complete response after chemotherapy. Transcriptome changes during acquired radioresistance uncover genes and pathways associated to radio and chemotherapy response. These results demonstrate that radioresistant pathways may converge to develop collateral chemo‐sensitivity.
Fluorinated Chitosan‐Mediated Transepithelial Delivery of Intravesical Dual‐Drug Immunotherapeutic for Bladder Cancer Therapy
Authors: Feng Lida , Huang Guixiao , Lei Qifang , Liang Mingkang , Deng Dashi , Liu Xiaocen , Kong Chenfan , Li Chenchen , Tan Xiyang , Li Guangzhi , Wu Song
Published: June 2024

Intravesical instillation‐based immunotherapy for bladder‐preservation of bladder cancer (BCa) treatment has not been explored. In the current study, two irrigated nano‐formulations of immunological adjuvant‐fluorinated chitosan (FCS) and therapeutic antibody‐FCS are developed for synergistic immunotherapy against BCa. In this system, FCS is employed as a transepithelial carrier to assemble with bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐flubendazole (FBZ) complex and anti‐PD‐1 (αPD‐1) respectively, to facilitate efficient transepithelial delivery of intravesical FBZ‐BSA and αPD‐1 though transiently regulating the distribution of tight junction proteins on bladder epithelium. In addition, the FBZ–BSA complex exhibits tumor microenvironment‐responsive charge reversal and BSA carrier‐broken effects to drive tumor‐targeted dissociation and drug release of FBZ–BSA/FCS. Moreover, FBZ not only promotes apoptosis and inhibits glycolysis in cancer cells but also displays adjuvant properties to activate potent immune responses through IL‐12/IFN‐γ pathway. Interestingly, combined perfusion of FBZ–BSA/FCS and αPD‐1/FCS nano‐formulations can significantly activate the tumor immune microenvironment, especially CD8+ T cell infiltration and αPD‐1 sensitivity, and finally remarkably inhibit tumor growth in the mouse orthotopic BCa model. Thus, this study presents a novel intravesical delivery platform for ICB antibodies and a smart adjuvant system to achieve potent synergy immunotherapy, which is promising for bladder‐preserving treatment against BCa.
From Adaptive Communication Anti‐Jamming to Intelligent Communication Anti‐Jamming: 50 Years of Evolution
Authors: Zhou Quan , Niu Yingtao
Published: June 2024

Herein, a comprehensive review of the evolution of intelligent communication anti‐jamming techniques is provided. First, a clear definition of the concept and elaboration on the inherent connotations and capability characteristics of intelligent communication anti‐jamming is provided. Additionally, the initial construction of an intelligent communication anti‐jamming system architecture is outlined. Subsequently, the development of intelligent communication anti‐jamming is delved, tracing its progression from early‐stage adaptive anti‐jamming techniques to the more recent advancements in intelligent anti‐jamming, which are primarily based on game theory and machine learning. Moreover, the latest research findings in this domain are thoroughly examined and the existing challenges and bottlenecks that hinder current research progress are highlighted. Finally, several viable research directions for future studies in the field of intelligent anti‐jamming are proposed. The objective is to facilitate readers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the concept, characteristics, and system architecture of intelligent communication anti‐jamming. Additionally, it is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the developmental process and current state of research, thereby furnishing conceptual and theoretical support for the design of more effective and practical intelligent communication anti‐jamming systems.
Reprogrammable, Recyclable Origami Robots Controlled by Magnetic Fields
Authors: Chung Gooyoon , Chae Jeong Woo , Han Dong-Soo , Won Sang Min , Park Yoonseok
Published: June 2024

Origami, the art of paper folding, has emerged as a versatile technique for crafting intricate 3D structures from 2D sheets. Combined with the magnetic actuation, origami paper becomes the building blocks for cost‐effective, wirelessly controllable magnetic robots. Herein, a biodegradable magnetic paper with excellent formability and recyclability is developed, facilitating its convenient utilization and disposal. The programable magnetic paper, fabricated with specific magnetization and crease patterns, enables the transformation of 2D sheets into predetermined 3D structures. Leveraging the lightweight and pliable nature of paper‐based materials, exceptional control of origami robots with fast response is demonstrated, enabling a wide range of locomotion. Furthermore, the paper‐based approach enables the incorporation of electronic functionality into magnetic actuators. By introducing conductive nanoparticles into magnetic paper, an electrically conductive substance is created. Constructing electronic circuits and integrating electronic components onto the paper‐based printed circuit board platform enables the repairing of broken circuits inside complicated equipment and optical sensing of surrounding environments in conjunction with locomotive robots. The origami robots have a huge potential to be facilitated in diverse fields with various functions, demonstrating complex locomotion, and integrating chemical, optical, thermal, and mechanical sensors for monitoring environmental conditions in hard‐to‐reach locations. The array of possibilities holds significant promise for the widespread application of these origami magnetic robots across a diverse spectrum of research fields in soft robotics.
A Novel Attention‐Based Layer Pruning Approach for Low‐Complexity Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hossain Md. Bipul , Gong Na , Shaban Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Deep learning (DL) has been very successful for classifying images, detecting targets, and segmenting regions in high‐resolution images such as whole slide histopathology images. However, analysis of such high‐resolution images requires very high DL complexity. Several AI optimization techniques have been recently proposed that aim at reducing the complexity of deep neural networks and hence expedite their execution and eventually allow the use of low‐power, low‐cost computing devices with limited computation and memory resources. These methods include parameter pruning and sharing, quantization, knowledge distillation, low‐rank approximation, and resource efficient architectures. Rather than pruning network structures including filters, layers, and blocks of layers based on a manual selection of a significance metric such as l1‐norm and l2‐norm of the filter kernels, novel highly efficient AI‐driven DL optimization algorithms using variations of the squeeze and excitation in order to prune filters and layers of deep models such as VGG‐16 as well as eliminate filters and blocks of residual networks such as ResNet‐56 are introduced. The proposed techniques achieve significantly higher reduction in the number of learning parameters, the number of floating point operations, and memory space as compared to the‐state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Determinants of macaques' space use: A test for the ecological constraints model using GPS collars
Authors: Xie Pu‐Zhen , Fan Yu‐Xuan , Chapman Colin , Ma Chi , Wu Cheng‐Feng , Hu Ping , Hu Liu‐Liu , Fan Peng‐Fei
Published: June 2024

As a central topic in Behavioral Ecology, animal space use involves dynamic responses to social and ecological factors. We collared 22 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from six groups on Neilingding Island, China, and collected 80,625 hourly fixes over a year. Using this high‐resolution location data set, we quantified the macaques' space use at the individual level and tested the ecological constraints model while considering various environmental and human interfering factors. As predicted by the ecological constraints model, macaques in larger groups had longer daily path lengths (DPLs) and larger home ranges. We found an inverted U‐shape relationship between mean daily temperatures and DPLs, indicating that macaques traveled farther on mild temperature days, while they decreased DPLs when temperatures were too high or too low. Anthropogenic food subsidies were positively correlated to DPLs, while the effect of rainfall was negative. Macaques decreased their DPLs and core areas when more flowers and less leaves were available, suggesting that macaques shifted their space use patterns to adapt to the seasonal differences in food resources. By applying GPS collars on a large number of individuals living on a small island, we gained valuable insights into within‐group exploitation competition in wild rhesus macaques.