bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of turbulence-degraded video using patch-based reference frame
Authors: Nawreen Fouzia , Kumar Halder Kalyan , Tahtali Murat , Anavatti Sreenatha G.
Published: November 2023

Imaging over long distances in the atmosphere can result in significant degradation of the acquired videos due to atmospheric turbulence. This degradation can include problems such as blurring and geometric distortion, and it is challenging to correct these distortions because of their randomness in nature. To address this, a new method for improving the geometrical quality of video sequences of remote stationary scenes is introduced in this paper. The method uses a patch-based approach to obtain a reference frame from the distorted video sequence, selecting the best quality patches from different frames. A window-based image registration method is then used to estimate the geometrical shifts of the pixels, which are used to restore a high-quality frame. The proposed method is compared with two similar state-of-the-art video stabilization methods using experiments on both synthetic and real video sequences. Results demonstrate that the patch-based method outperforms the other methods in terms of accuracy.
Failure of the Best Photon Entanglement Experiments
Authors: Gordon Gary
Published: November 2023

Remote entanglement of quantum objects has been a point of contention for most of the last century. The most convincing evidence for the prevailing interpretation of such effects is believed to be that provided by a series of increasingly sophisticated experiments performed with photon pairs generated with entangled linear polarizations. These experiments are shown here to have been failures, but a form of “group-think” has led to the wide acceptance of their validity. Even worse, this has stimulated the excited pursuit of a number of far-fetched applications such as instant teleportation of information or influences over arbitrary distances. We show that these past “loop-hole” free photon entanglement experiments generated statistical results that cannot be distinguished from results that would be produced with the same apparatus and non-entangled photons. Thus, these entanglement experiments have proven nothing at all, and the wide-eyed applications pursued for this “spooky action at a distance” are doomed to failure.
Copy-back viral genomes induce a cellular stress response that interferes with viral protein expression without affecting antiviral immunity
Authors: González Aparicio Lavinia J. , Yang Yanling , Hackbart Matthew , López Carolina B.
Published: November 2023

Antiviral responses are often accompanied by translation inhibition and formation of stress granules (SGs) in infected cells. However, the triggers for these processes and their role during infection remain subjects of active investigation. Copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) are the primary inducers of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) pathway and antiviral immunity during Sendai virus (SeV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. The relationship between cbVGs and cellular stress during viral infections is unknown. Here, we show that SGs form during infections containing high levels of cbVGs, and not during infections with low levels of cbVGs. Moreover, using RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization to differentiate accumulation of standard viral genomes from cbVGs at a single-cell level during infection, we show that SGs form exclusively in cells that accumulate high levels of cbVGs. Protein kinase R (PKR) activation is increased during high cbVG infections and, as expected, is necessary for virus-induced SGs. However, SGs form independent of MAVS signaling, demonstrating that cbVGs induce antiviral immunity and SG formation through 2 independent mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that translation inhibition and SG formation do not affect the overall expression of interferon and interferon stimulated genes during infection, making the stress response dispensable for global antiviral immunity. Using live-cell imaging, we show that SG formation is highly dynamic and correlates with a drastic reduction of viral protein expression even in cells infected for several days. Through analysis of active protein translation at a single-cell level, we show that infected cells that form SGs show inhibition of protein translation. Together, our data reveal a new cbVG-driven mechanism of viral interference where cbVGs induce PKR-mediated translation inhibition and SG formation, leading to a reduction in viral protein expression without altering overall antiviral immunity.
Identifying promoter sequence architectures via a chunking-based algorithm using non-negative matrix factorisation
Authors: Nikumbh Sarvesh , Lenhard Boris
Published: November 2023

Core promoters are stretches of DNA at the beginning of genes that contain information that facilitates the binding of transcription initiation complexes. Different functional subsets of genes have core promoters with distinct architectures and characteristic motifs. Some of these motifs inform the selection of transcription start sites (TSS). By discovering motifs with fixed distances from known TSS positions, we could in principle classify promoters into different functional groups. Due to the variability and overlap of architectures, promoter classification is a difficult task that requires new approaches. In this study, we present a new method based on non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) and the associated software called seqArchR that clusters promoter sequences based on their motifs at near-fixed distances from a reference point, such as TSS. When combined with experimental data from CAGE, seqArchR can efficiently identify TSS-directing motifs, including known ones like TATA, DPE, and nucleosome positioning signal, as well as novel lineage-specific motifs and the function of genes associated with them. By using seqArchR on developmental time courses, we reveal how relative use of promoter architectures changes over time with stage-specific expression. seqArchR is a powerful tool for initial genome-wide classification and functional characterisation of promoters. Its use cases are more general: it can also be used to discover any motifs at near-fixed distances from a reference point, even if they are present in only a small subset of sequences.
Mayaro virus pathogenesis and immunity in rhesus macaques
Authors: Weber Whitney C. , Labriola Caralyn S. , Kreklywich Craig N. , Ray Karina , Haese Nicole N. , Andoh Takeshi F. , Denton Michael , Medica Samuel , Streblow Magdalene M. , Smith Patricia P. , Mizuno Nobuyo , Frias Nina , Fisher Miranda B. , Barber-Axthelm Aaron M. , Chun Kimberly , Uttke Samantha , Whitcomb Danika , DeFilippis Victor , Rakshe Shauna , Fei Suzanne S. , Axthelm Michael K. , Smedley Jeremy V. , Streblow Daniel N.
Published: November 2023

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes debilitating and persistent arthritogenic disease. While MAYV was previously reported to infect non-human primates (NHP), characterization of MAYV pathogenesis is currently lacking. Therefore, in this study we characterized MAYV infection and immunity in rhesus macaques. To inform the selection of a viral strain for NHP experiments, we evaluated five MAYV strains in C57BL/6 mice and showed that MAYV strain BeAr505411 induced robust tissue dissemination and disease. Three male rhesus macaques were subcutaneously challenged with 105plaque-forming units of this strain into the arms. Peak plasma viremia occurred at 2 days post-infection (dpi). NHPs were taken to necropsy at 10 dpi to assess viral dissemination, which included the muscles and joints, lymphoid tissues, major organs, male reproductive tissues, as well as peripheral and central nervous system tissues. Histological examination demonstrated that MAYV infection was associated with appendicular joint and muscle inflammation as well as presence of perivascular inflammation in a wide variety of tissues. One animal developed a maculopapular rash and two NHP had viral RNA detected in upper torso skin samples, which was associated with the presence of perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic aggregation. Analysis of longitudinal peripheral blood samples indicated a robust innate and adaptive immune activation, including the presence of anti-MAYV neutralizing antibodies with activity against related Una virus and chikungunya virus. Inflammatory cytokines and monocyte activation also peaked coincident with viremia, which was well supported by our transcriptomic analysis highlighting enrichment of interferon signaling and other antiviral processes at 2 days post MAYV infection. The rhesus macaque model of MAYV infection recapitulates many of the aspects of human infection and is poised to facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies and vaccines targeting this re-emerging virus.
“I sold my towel and shoes to pay the traditional healer”: Care-seeking costs and productivity losses among snakebite victims in Eastern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Schurer Janna M. , Admasu Mahlet Tadesse , Bonaventure Mihigo , Hakizimana Dieudonne , Murara Elijah , MacDonald Lauren E. , Rafferty Ellen
Published: November 2023

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and generally over-represented in rural, remote, and impoverished agricultural communities. While poverty is an established risk factor, little research has been done to investigate the economic consequences of SBE. This cross-sectional, quantitative study aimed to measure out-of-pocket spending and lost income when a household member was bitten by a snake. In 2020, 732 snakebite survivors from Eastern Province (Rwanda) agreed to complete a survey administered by telephone. The survey focused on participant demographics, income, direct medical and non-medical costs, care-seeking decisions, and lost work during convalescence. Our results suggested that patients incurred the highest mean expenses when they sought care from hospitals (11 307 RWF or 12 USD) or traditional healers (5 836 RWF or 6 USD) but that the highest maximum cost was incurred from traditional healers (300 000 RWF or 313 USD). Across all victims, the total amount paid to traditional healers (3.4 million RWF or 3 537 USD) was 4.7 times higher than all other care providers combined. On average, families lost 111 814 RWF (117 USD) per snakebite in direct treatment costs and indirect productivity losses. Many victims sought care from traditional healers despite being eligible for free medical care. Altogether, this study serves as a reminder of the serious physical and financial consequences associated with SBE and provides justification for new investments into SBE prevention and care.
Safely managed sanitation practice and childhood stunting among under five years old children in Myanmar
Authors: Soe Than Kyaw , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Sornlorm Kittipong , Mahato Roshan Kumar
Published: November 2023

In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 16 townships across three regions and five states in Myanmar. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was performed to determine the associations. This study found that 327 (27.09%) under-five children were stunted among a total of 1207 children in Myanmar. Children with unsafely managed sanitation were 2.88 times more likely to be stunting compared with children who access to safely managed sanitation services (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 2.16 to 3.85; p-value <0.01). Other associated factors for childhood stunting were needs 1–15 minutes for water collection (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.94; p-value <0.01), 15–60 minutes for water collection times (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.23; p-value 0.02), improper waste water disposal (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.70; p-value <0.01), boys children (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 3.30 to 6.12; p-value <0.01), did not take vitamin A supplements(AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.20; p-value <0.01), mothers height shorter than 153.4cm (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.58; p-value <0.01), and the lower minimal diet diversity (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.01; p-value 0.02). More access to safely managed sanitation facilities, technical sharing for proper waste water disposal, promoting household water supply system, health promotion for children’s diet eating pattern, and regular support for Vitamin A supplementation are critical to reduce childhood stunting among children under the age of five in Myanmar.
Real-time counting of wheezing events from lung sounds using deep learning algorithms: Implications for disease prediction and early intervention
Authors: Im Sunghoon , Kim Taewi , Min Choongki , Kang Sanghun , Roh Yeonwook , Kim Changhwan , Kim Minho , Kim Seung Hyun , Shim KyungMin , Koh Je-sung , Han Seungyong , Lee JaeWang , Kim Dohyeong , Kang Daeshik , Seo SungChul
Published: November 2023

This pioneering study aims to revolutionize self-symptom management and telemedicine-based remote monitoring through the development of a real-time wheeze counting algorithm. Leveraging a novel approach that includes the detailed labeling of one breathing cycle into three types: break, normal, and wheeze, this study not only identifies abnormal sounds within each breath but also captures comprehensive data on their location, duration, and relationships within entire respiratory cycles, including atypical patterns. This innovative strategy is based on a combination of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model, enabling real-time analysis of respiratory sounds. Notably, it stands out for its capacity to handle continuous data, distinguishing it from conventional lung sound classification algorithms. The study utilizes a substantial dataset consisting of 535 respiration cycles from diverse sources, including the Child Sim Lung Sound Simulator, the EMTprep Open-Source Database, Clinical Patient Records, and the ICBHI 2017 Challenge Database. Achieving a classification accuracy of 90%, the exceptional result metrics encompass the identification of each breath cycle and simultaneous detection of the abnormal sound, enabling the real-time wheeze counting of all respirations. This innovative wheeze counter holds the promise of revolutionizing research on predicting lung diseases based on long-term breathing patterns and offers applicability in clinical and non-clinical settings for on-the-go detection and remote intervention of exacerbated respiratory symptoms.
Dietary replacement of soybean meal with black soldier fly larvae meal in juvenile Labeo rohita and Catla catla: Effects on growth, nutritional quality, oxidative stress biomarkers and disease resistance
Authors: Fatima Shafaq , Afzal Ayesha , Rashid Hamna , Iqbal Saba , Zafar Rosheen , Khalid Komal , Rauf Ayman , Majeed Maryam , Malik Aqsa , Carter Chris G.
Published: November 2023

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of partial substitution of crude protein from soybean meal (SBM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) in juvenile rohu (Labeo rohita) and catla (Catla catla). Four isonitrogenous diets (23% crude protein) were formulated to replace 0% (T0), 40% (T40), 80% (T80) and 100% (T100) crude protein from SBM with BSFLM. Triplicate groups of each species (10 fish per replicate) were fed in an eight week growth experiment. After final sampling (n = 20 fish per dietary group), the remaining fish were exposed to bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) challenge (0.80 CFU/ml) for 15 days. Rohu fed with BSFLM substituted diets showed significantly higher growth and feed conversion ratio as compared to those in T0. Catla fed with BSFLM substituted diets showed slightly higher growth indices. The growth response of rohu to BSFLM substitution was better than that noted in catla in all groups. The chemical composition, amino acids and fatty acids profile, haematological and biochemical parameters, levels of liver function enzymes measured in T0, T40, T80 and T100 were similar between four dietary groups in both species. However, the maximum value of cholesterol and triglycerides were noted in T100 both in catla and rohu. The values of lauric acid, α-linolenic acid, decosahexanoic acid, n3:n6 fatty acids ratio progressively increased with dietary increase of BSFLM in both species. At end of the growth experiment, the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme increased linearly with the inclusion of BSFLM in both species while malondialdehyde showed similar values between different groups. However, catalase, and superoxide dismutase increased (T0<T40<T80<T100) in both rohu and catla after exposure to bacterial challenge while malondialdehyde remained almost the same. These biomarkers indicate that substitution of SBM with BSFLM up to 100% improved disease resistance in both species against gram-positive bacteria.
Transformer based neural network for daily ground settlement prediction of foundation pit considering spatial correlation
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Yang Song , Zhang Di , Zhang Liang
Published: November 2023

Deep foundation pit settlement prediction based on machine learning is widely used for ensuring the safety of construction, but previous studies are limited to not fully considering the spatial correlation between monitoring points. This paper proposes a transformer-based deep learning method that considers both the spatial and temporal correlations among excavation monitoring points. The proposed method creates a dataset that collects all excavation monitoring points into a vector to consider all spatial correlations among monitoring points. The deep learning method is based on the transformer, which can handle the temporal correlations and spatial correlations. To verify the model’s accuracy, it was compared with an LSTM network and an RNN-LSTM hybrid model that only considers temporal correlations without considering spatial correlations, and quantitatively compared with previous research results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can predict excavation deformations more accurately. The main conclusions are that the spatial correlation and the transformer-based method are significant factors in excavation deformation prediction, leading to more accurate prediction results.
Is two-point method a valid and reliable method to predict 1RM? A systematic review
Authors: Chen Zongwei , Gong Zheng , Pan Liwen , Zhang Xiuli
Published: November 2023

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the two-point method in predicting 1RM compared to the direct method, as well as analyze the factors influencing its accuracy. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted. Out of the 88 initially identified studies, 16 were selected for full review, and their outcome measures were analyzed. The findings of this review indicated that the two-point method slightly overestimated 1RM (effect size = 0.203 [95%CI: 0.132, 0.275]; P < 0.001); It showed that test-retest reliability was excellent as long as the test loads were chosen reasonably (Large difference between two test loads). However, the reliability of the two-point method needs to be further verified because only three studies have tested its reliability. Factors such as exercise selection, velocity measurement device, and selection of test loads were found to influence the accuracy of predicting 1RM using the two-point method. Additionally, the choice of velocity variable, 1RM determination method, velocity feedback, and state of fatigue were identified as potential influence factors. These results provide valuable insights for practitioners in resistance training and offer directions for future research on the two-point method.
Glutamate delta-1 receptor regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and myelination in normal and demyelinating conditions
Authors: Gakare Sukanya G. , Bhatt Jay M. , Narasimhan Kishore Kumar S. , Dravid Shashank M.
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate delta 1 receptor (GluD1) in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-mediated myelination during basal (development) and pathophysiological (cuprizone-induced demyelination) conditions. Initially, we sought to determine the expression pattern of GluD1 in OPCs and found a significant colocalization of GluD1 puncta with neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2, OPC marker) in the motor cortex and dorsal striatum. Importantly, we found that the ablation of GluD1 led to an increase in the number of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG+) cells in the corpus callosum and motor cortex at P40 without affecting the number of NG2+ OPCs, suggesting that GluD1 loss selectively facilitates OPC differentiation rather than proliferation. Further, deletion of GluD1 enhanced myelination in the corpus callosum and motor cortex, as indicated by increased myelin basic protein (MBP) staining at P40, suggesting that GluD1 may play an essential role in the developmental regulation of myelination during the critical window period. In contrast, in cuprizone-induced demyelination, we observed reduced MBP staining in the corpus callosum of GluD1 KO mice. Furthermore, cuprizone-fed GluD1 KO mice showed more robust motor deficits. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GluD1 plays a critical role in OPC regulation and myelination in normal and demyelinating conditions.
Influencing factors and improvement paths of manufacturing innovation performance: Configuration analysis based on TOE framework
Authors: Ma Youcai , Cui Zhaobing
Published: November 2023

Innovation is the first driving force to lead development, how to improve manufacturing innovation performance has become a hot topic. Based on 47 listed companies in the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry in the A-share market, this paper adopted the Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the influencing factors of technology, organization and environment on the innovation performance of manufacturing industry and the improvement path. The findings are as follows: (1) A single condition is not a necessary condition for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, but government support plays a key role in improving innovation performance in manufacturing industry. (2) There are two improvement paths for high innovation performance in manufacturing industry, which are specifically explained as “technology-environment dual improvement path” and “technology-organization-environment collaborative improvement path”. (3) The improvement of innovation performance in the manufacturing industry is the result of multiple factors, showing the characteristics of “all paths lead to the same destination”. Different manufacturing enterprises have different paths to improve innovation performance based on their actual conditions. Based on these findings, this study may provide some implications for the effective improvement of manufacturing innovation performance.
Availability of access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) group of antibiotics in community pharmacies located close to a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Thapa Bibechan , Pathak Samyam Bickram , Kafle Sajala , Mudvari Anish , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics was developed in 2019 by the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines as a tool to support antibiotic stewardship efforts at local, national, and global levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the availability of antibiotics as per WHO AWaRe classification at community pharmacies located around a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur and to compare these antibiotics with the national essential medicine list of Nepal.

Method

The cross-sectional study was conducted at community pharmacies located within a two-kilometer radius of a teaching hospital from August to November 2022. A total of 82 community pharmacies registered with the Nepal Chemist and Druggists Association and the Department of Drug Administration were studied. Data was collected using a standard proforma containing the names of the antibiotics classified as per the WHO’s AWaRe classification.

Results

Access group of antibiotics, Ampicillin, (82;100%), Amoxycillin, (82;100%), Flucloxacillin, (82;100%), and Metronidazole, (82;100%) were available in all community pharmacies. Results from the watch group showed that Azithromycin, (80; 97.6%) was available in all pharmacies followed by Cefixime, (80; 97.6%), Ciprofloxacin, (73; 89%), Levofloxacin, (74; 90.2%)and Ofloxacin, (74; 90.2%). Linezolid, (24; 29.3%) was the most common antibiotics available from the reserve group of antibiotics. Colistin was the second commonly available antibiotic. The most available antibiotic from the not recommended group were Ampicillin/Cloxacillin (82; 100%), followed by Piperacillin/Sulbactam, (39; 47.6%). There were differences in the classification of antibiotics between the WHO AWaRe list and the Essential Medicines list of Nepal in terms of numbers of antibiotics listed.

Conclusion

Antibiotics from the not recommended and reserve groups were commonly available in community pharmacies. The implementation of antibiotic guidelines should be emphasized along with strict monitoring of the sale of antibiotics without a prescription in community pharmacy settings.
Socioeconomic disparities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Sweden: An intersectional ecological niches analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (IEN-AIHDA)
Authors: Hornborg Christoffer , Axrud Rebecca , Vicente Raquel Pérez , Merlo Juan
Published: November 2023

We aimed (i) to gain a better understanding of the demographic and socioeconomical distribution of ADHD risk in Sweden; and (ii) to contribute to the critical discussion on medicalization, i.e., the tendency to define and treat behavioural and social problems as medical entities. For this purpose, we analysed the risk of suffering from ADHD in the whole Swedish population aged between 5 and 60 years, across 96 different strata defined by combining categories of gender, age, income, and country of birth. The stratified analysis evidenced considerable risk heterogeneity, with prevalence values ranging from 0.03% in high income immigrant women aged 50–59, to 6.18% in middle income immigrant boys aged 10–14. Our study questions the established idea that behavioural difficulties conceptualized as ADHD should be primarily perceived as a neurological abnormality. Rather, our findings suggest that there is a strong sociological component behind how some individuals become impaired and subject to medicalization.
Direct and biologically significant interactions of human herpesvirus 8 interferon regulatory factor 1 with STAT3 and Janus kinase TYK2
Authors: Yang Zunlin , Xiang Qiwang , Nicholas John
Published: November 2023

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) encodes four viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs) that target cellular IRFs and/or other innate-immune and stress signaling regulators and suppress the cellular response to viral infection and replication. For vIRF-1, cellular protein targets include IRFs, p53, p53-activating ATM kinase, BH3-only proteins, and antiviral signaling effectors MAVS and STING; vIRF-1 inhibits each, with demonstrated or likely promotion of HHV-8 de novo infection and productive replication. Here, we identify direct interactions of vIRF-1 with STAT3 and STAT-activating Janus kinase TYK2 (the latter reported previously by us to be inhibited by vIRF-1) and suppression by vIRF-1 of cytokine-induced STAT3 activation. Suppression of active, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) by vIRF-1 was evident in transfected cells and vIRF-1 ablation in lytically-reactivated recombinant-HHV-8-infected cells led to increased levels of pSTAT3. Using a panel of vIRF-1 deletion variants, regions of vIRF-1 required for interactions with STAT3 and TYK2 were identified, which enabled correlation of STAT3 signaling inhibition by vIRF-1 with TYK2 binding, independently of STAT3 interaction. A viral mutant expressing vIRF-1 deletion-variant Δ198–222 refractory for TYK2 interaction and pSTAT3 suppression was severely compromised for productive replication. Conversely, expression of phosphatase-resistant, protractedly-active STAT3 led to impaired HHV-8 replication. Cells infected with HHV-8 mutants expressing STAT3-refractory vIRF-1 deletion variants or depleted of STAT3 displayed reduced vIRF-1 expression, while custom-peptide-promoted STAT3 interaction could effect increased vIRF-1 expression and enhanced virus replication. Taken together, our data identify vIRF-1 targeting and inhibition of TYK2 as a mechanism of STAT3-signaling suppression and critical for HHV-8 productive replication, the importance of specific pSTAT3 levels for replication, positive roles of STAT3 and vIRF-1-STAT3 interaction in vIRF-1 expression, and significant contributions to lytic replication of STAT3 targeting by vIRF-1.
EFFECT OF CLASS SIZE IN EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF COMPUTER STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN USHONGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE
Authors: Hyacinth Bagu
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of class size on the effective teaching and learning of computer in junior secondary schools in Ushongo, Benue State. The study was motivated by concerns that large class sizes may hinder effective teaching and learning of computer due to the limited interaction between teachers and students. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The population of the study comprised of 14 public junior secondary schools in Ushongo, Benue State. The sample size consisted of 300 students who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists. The study found that large class size negatively affects the quality of teaching and learning of computer. The study recommended that the government should ensure that the teacher-student ratio is maintained at an optimal level to enhance the quality of teaching and learning of computer in junior secondary schools.
Effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori Treatments According to Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bujanda Luis , Nyssen Olga P. , Ramos June , Bordin Dmitry S. , Tepes Bojan , Perez-Aisa Angeles , Pavoni Matteo , Castro-Fernandez Manuel , Lerang Frode , Leja Mārcis , Rodrigo Luis , Rokkas Theodore , Kupcinskas Juozas , Jonaitis Laimas , Shvets Oleg , Gasbarrini Antonio , Simsek Halis , Phull Perminder S. , Buzás György Miklós , Machado Jose C. , Boltin Doron , Boyanova Lyudmila , Tonkić Ante , Marlicz Wojciech , Venerito Marino , Vologzanina Ludmila , Fadieienko Galina D. , Fiorini Giulia , Resina Elena , Muñoz Raquel , Cano-Català Anna , Puig Ignasi , García-Morales Natalia , Hernández Luis , Moreira Leticia , Megraud Francis , Morain Colm O. , Montes Milagrosa , Gisbert Javier P.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Antibiotic resistance is one of the main factors that determine the efficacy of treatments to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of first-line and rescue treatments against H. pylori in Europe according to antibiotics resistance.

METHODS:

Prospective, multicenter, international registry on the management of H. pylori (European Registry on H. pylori Management). All infected and culture-diagnosed adult patients registered in the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology-Research Electronic Data Capture from 2013 to 2021 were included.

RESULTS:

A total of 2,852 naive patients with culture results were analyzed. Resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and quinolones was 22%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. The most effective treatment, regardless of resistance, were the 3-in-1 single capsule with bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (91%) and the quadruple with bismuth, offering optimal cure rates even in the presence of bacterial resistance to clarithromycin or metronidazole. The concomitant regimen with tinidazole achieved an eradication rate of 99% (90/91) vs 84% (90/107) with metronidazole. Triple schedules, sequential, or concomitant regimen with metronidazole did not achieve optimal results. A total of 1,118 non-naive patients were analyzed. Resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and quinolones was 49%, 41%, and 24%, respectively. The 3-in-1 single capsule (87%) and the triple therapy with levofloxacin (85%) were the only ones that provided encouraging results.

DISCUSSION:

In regions where the antibiotic resistance rate of H. pylori is high, eradication treatment with the 3-in-1 single capsule, the quadruple with bismuth, and concomitant with tinidazole are the best options in naive patients. In non-naive patients, the 3-in-1 single capsule and the triple therapy with levofloxacin provided encouraging results.
Funções de Avaliação de Desempenho e Forecasting e o Valor Percebido com o Orçamento
Authors: Mucci Daniel Magalhães , Beck Franciele , Frezatti Fábio
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre as funções de avaliação de desempenho e de forecasting e o valor percebido pelos gestores com o orçamento, considerando conjuntamente as lógicas do trade-off e da predominância entre as funções orçamentárias.
 Metodologia: Foi realizado um survey, com uma amostra de 109 empresas de médio e grande porte que utilizam o orçamento. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais.
 Resultados: Primeiro, os resultados indicam que o uso simultâneo do orçamento para as funções de avaliação de desempenho e de forecasting levam a uma redução no valor percebido pelos gestores com o orçamento, o que sinaliza a presença de um potencial trade-off entre essas funções. Segundo, este estudo também investigou em que medida a predominância do orçamento para alguma das duas funções mitigaria o trade-off observado, cujos resultados não se mostraram significantes.
 Contribuições: Essa pesquisa traz evidências que contribuem para a discussão do trade-off entre as funções de avaliação de desempenho e forecasting, mas não sustentam que a predominância de uma função em relação a outra atenua essa tensão, sendo que este resultado agrega a evidências de estudos anteriores. Do ponto de vista prático, o estudo mostra que essas funções, individualmente, podem estimular que os gestores reconheçam a importância do orçamento, porém demonstra potencial trade-off entre essas funções, sendo maior o nível de valor percebido com a função de avaliação de desempenho.
Valor Justo e True and Fair View: Taxonomia, Axiologia e Teleologia dos Conceitos
Authors: Iudícibus Sérgio de , Oliveira Valdemir Regis Ferreira de , Niyama Jorge Katsumi , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Realizar uma incursão nas inter-relações da filosofia da True and Fair View, sob uma perspectiva  lato sensu, e a contabilidade do Valor Justo (Fair Value Accounting), sob uma perspectiva stricto sensu, ao defender as relações teleológicas e axiológicas existentes entre seus conceitos e a práxis contábil.
Método: Nessa perspectiva, mediante análise de discurso dos pressupostos filosóficos da Doutrina da Essência de Hegel e da Natureza da Percepção de Merleau-Ponty, foi desenvolvido um ensaio teórico de caráter crítico- argumentativo acerca dessas inter-relações.
Resultados: Com vistas em contribuir para o debate, os argumentos defendidos culminam na proposição de um Diagrama de Percepção Relacional entre TFV, FVA e a práxis contábil.
Contribuições: Os conceitos de verdade, justiça e fidelidade permeiam a teoria da contabilidade e a prática da  profissão contábil desde seus primórdios. Para além do debate teórico, sua operacionalização tem conferido um papel importante à contabilidade, o de interpretar e julgar os dados da avaliação e incorporá-los nas demonstrações contábeis. Dessa forma, instiga-se o pesquisador a interpretar a essência subjacente à doutrina dos conceitos contábeis para se ampliar as percepções inerentes às formas com as quais eles se materializam na práxis.
Nuevas formas de financiación del terrorismo. Retos y soluciones para combatirla utilizando sistemas inteligentes
Authors: Valls Prieto Javier
Published: November 2023

Los grupos terroristas han adaptado sus formas de actuación a las nuevas tecnologías emergentes. Esto ha supuesto cambios no solo en las formas de comisión de sus delitos, sino también en sus formas de financiación. Se ha observado que el terrorismo también está utilizando criptomonedas para su financiación debido a sus características para proteger la identidad y su alcance global. Por todo ello, las nuevas formas de financiación del terrorismo suponen un reto para las autoridades ya que dificultan su detección y su persecución. Se requieren de herramientas tecnológicas que les permitan aumentar sus capacidades en la investigación y lucha contra este fenómeno y situarles al mismo nivel operativo que los grupos terroristas. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar si sería posible en esta situación la aplicación de los sistemas inteligentes en la lucha contra la financiación del terrorismo. Para ello, se realizó un acercamiento jurídico y criminológico a esta materia mediante la revisión de las directivas y los informes policiales pertinentes. Una vez analizada la cuestión, los resultados mostraron que la financiación del terrorismo es mayormente digital, por lo que el empleo de herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial sería de utilidad para resolver estos problemas. Estas pueden ayudar a igualar las capacidades de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado a las nuevas exigencias de la lucha contra el terrorismo. No obstante, hay que señalar que no se dispone de un marco jurídico en materia de seguridad en lo que se refiere a la utilización de sistemas inteligentes. Por lo tanto, será necesario considerar un uso ético de la inteligencia artificial a través de una serie de criterios que respeten los derechos humanos.
Sebaran Ukuran Butir di Perairan Kemujan, Karimunjawa
Authors: Hidayat Ryan Akhmal , Maslukah Lilik , Zainuri Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Pulau Kemujan memiliki kelimpahan sumberdaya ekosistem seperti ekosistem karang, mangrove dan lamun. Perairan bagian barat memiliki bentuk yang unik, karena ada sebagian perairannya berada pada lokasi yang tertutup oleh daratan dan tumbuh subur pohon mangrove. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dan bentuk perairan yang semi tertutup akan berpengaruh terhadap distribusi ukuran butirnya. Kajian sebaran sedimen pada Pulau Kemujan ditujukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai kondisi  sedimen  dan keterkaitannya  dengan  proses  hidrooseanografi  yang  terjadi.  Daerah penelitian mencakup perairan tertutup dan perairan terbuka sebanyak 30 stasiun. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Vanveen grab. Analisis ukuran butir sedimen menggunakan metode dry sieing (pengayakan) dan wet sieving (pemipetan).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran sedimen lebih didominansi oleh pasir dan jenis sedimen halus ditemukan di perairan yang lebih dalam ≥7 meter serta lokasi stasiun jauh dari sumbernya (daratan). Pola distribusi sedimen kasar berkaitan dengan kondisi arus yang lebih lemah dan ditemukan pada perairan lebih dangkal. Kata kunci: Ukuran Butir, Sedimen, Arus, Karimunjawa Abstract Kemujan Island has ecosystem resources such as coral, mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. The western waters have a unique shape, because some of the waters are in a location that is covered by land and mangrove trees thrive. the existence of mangrove ecosystems and the shape of the waters that are semi-enclosed will affect the grain size distribution. The study of the distribution of sediments on Kemujan Island is aimed at obtaining an overview of the sediment conditions and their relationship to the hydrooceanographic process. The research area of closed waters and open waters is 30 stations. Sediment samples were taken using a vanveen grab. Sediment grain size analysis used dry sieving and wet sieving (pipepeting) methods. The results obtained show that the distribution of sediment patterns is more dominated by sand and the type of fine sediment is found in deeper waters ≥ 7 meters and the location of the station is far from the source (land). The distribution pattern of coarse sediment is associated with weaker currents and shallower waters. Keywords: Grain Size, Sediments, Current, Karimunjawa
Analisis Sebaran Suhu Permukaan Laut di Perairan PLTU Tanjung Jati, Jepara (Skenario: Kerusakan Pada Water Treatment)
Authors: Mulyarto Nikolas , Rochaddi Baskoro , Ismanto Aris
Published: November 2023

PLTU Tanjung Jati B Jepara terletak di pantai utara Pulau Jawa dengan menggunakan air laut sebagai pendingin, kemudian membuang air limbah panas menuju laut. Pembuangan air limbah ini telah mengalami proses pendinginan agar air limbah yang keluar memiliki suhu yang mendekati suhu permukaan laut. Apabila terjadi kerusakan pada water treatment dimungkinkan masuknya air limbah yang bersuhu tinggi ke perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi sebaran suhu permukaan laut akibat air limbah panas yang keluar dengan skenario water treatment rusak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pemodelan hidrodinamika menggunakan model matematika 2 dimensi. Pemodelan dilakukan pada 4 musim yaitu musim timur, musim perlalihan 2, musim barat, dan musim peralihan 1. Masing-masing dimodelkan dengan 4 fase pasang surut yaitu pasang tertinggi, pasang menuju surut, surut terendah, dan surut menuju pasang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola sebaran panas mengikuti pola arus yang ada dimana pada musim timur dan musim peralihan 2 condong bergerak ke timur sedangkan pada musim barat dan musim peralihan 1 condong bergerak ke barat.Kata kunci: Suhu Permukaan Laut, Pemodelan Numerik, MIKE 21 PLTU (Steam Power Plant) Tanjung Jati B Jepara is located on Java’s northern coast dan operates by taking the water as a cooler dan then transferring its waste heat to the sea. This discharge passes through a cooling process hence the waste’s temperature is conditioned similarly to sea surface temperature. In certain circumstances, it is even possible that the waste heat leaked into the waters because of the water treatment malfunction. To find out the pattern of thermal dispersion, thus we conduct a study. This study aims to predict the distribution of the sea surface temperature dispersion as the effect of waste leaked water due to water treatment malfunction. The research method is hydrodynamic modeling using MIKE 21 software. The modeling is carried out in four seasons, namely Eastern Monsoon, Transition monsoon 2, Western Monsoon, dan Transition monsoon 1. Each of them is modeled by four tidal phases, namely highest tide, ebb tide, lowest tide, dan flood tide. Subsequently the results describe that the pattern of thermal dispersion follows the tidal current, where is the thermal in Eastern Monsoon dan Transition Season 2 tend to flow east whereas in Western Monsoon dan Transition monsoon 1 tend to flow west.Keywords: Sea Surface Temperature, Numerical Modeling, MIKE 21
Sebaran Sedimen Dasar di Pantai Segolok, Batang
Authors: Prayogo Yoel , Rochaddi Baskoro , Widada Sugeng
Published: November 2023

Pantai Segolok merupakan pantai yang berada di wilayah utara kabupaten Batang, provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu pantai wisata yang ada di kabupaten Batang. Semakin berkembangnya aktifitas yang ada di daerah pantai juga akan mempengaruhi tingkat sedimentasi di pantai tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis sedimen dasar yang ada di pantai Segolok dan mengetahui pola arus dan pengaruhnya. Pengambilan data sedimen dan arus dilakukan di daerah penelitian. Sampel sedimen dasar diambil menggunakan sedimen grab dan pengambilan data arus menggunakan bola duga. Sampel sedimen dasar diolah menggunakan metode pengayakan dan pemipetan. Sedangkan pemodelan data arus menggunakan software MIKE 21. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ukuran butir sedimen yang ditemukan berupa pasir, pasir lanau, lanau pasiran, dan lanau lempung. Nilai korelasi antara ukuran butir sedimen dengan kecepatan arus sebesar 0,0259 dimana nilai tersebut sangat rendah korelasinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis sedimen di pantai Segolok didominasi oleh pasir dan arus tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap distribusi ukuran butir sedimen.Kata kunci: Sedimen Dasar, Ukuran Butir , Arus, Pantai Segolok Segolok Beach is a beach located in the northern region of Batang district, Central Java province. It is one of the tourist beaches in Batang district. The growing activity in the coastal area will also affect the sedimentation rate on the beach. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of basic sediment on the Segolok beach and to determine the current pattern and its influence. Sediment and current data collection was carried out in the study area. Basic sediment samples were taken using a sediment grab and flow data were taken using a guessing ball. The bottom sediment samples were processed using sieving and pipetting methods. While the current data modeling uses MIKE 21 software. The results of this study indicate that the grain size of the sediment found in the form of sand, silt sand, sandy silt, and clay silt. The correlation value between sediment grain size and current velocity is 0.0259 where the correlation value is very low. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the type of sediment on the Segolok beach is dominated by sand and the current has no effect on the grain size distribution of the sediment.Keywords: Bed Sediment, Grain Size, Current, Segolok Beach
Heavy Metals Configuration in Different Saprobic Level of Water Bodies
Authors: Widowati Lestari Lakhsmi , Ariyati Restiana Wisnu , Sarjito Sarjito , Rejeki Sri
Published: November 2023

The environmental conditions for aquaculture needs to be done in line with pollution that occur in waters which is categorized by saprobic index.  The heavy metals content in cultured organisms present in the different levels of saprobity was informed by geospatial analysis through the overlay method. The Pb, Cd and Cr content were taken from tissues of milkfish, wild white shrimp and vaname shrimp.  An Ikonos satelite Imagery data of Semarang used for geospatial analysis. The research was carried out  from June to October 2021 in the brackish water ponds At Tugu district, Semarang, Central Java. The level of saprobity reported in oligosaprobic  up to β-mesosaprobic which means lightly polluted to heavily polluted.  The content in the water bodies (mg/L) of Pb 0.046 to 0.105, Cd 0.033 to 0.062 and Cr from 0.018 to 0.054 has exceeded the permittable level. Meanwhile, in the pond sediment (mg/kg) :  Pb 3.56-6.93; Cr 1.08-3.01 is within permittable limits, however, Cd 1.77-3.53 has exceeded permittable levels. The content of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the tissues of  milkfish, wild shrimp and white leg shrimp (L. vannamei):  Pb 0.27 to 0.39, Cr 0.16 to 0.23 and Cd from 0.12 to 0.22 is still within permittable limits
Introduciton
Authors: Lintner Martin M. , Rosenberger Michael
Published: November 2023

Introduction