bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Do knowledge, perceived usefulness of halal label and religiosity affect attitude and intention to buy halal-labeled detergent?”
Authors: Rizkitysha Talita Leoni , Hananto Arga
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Despite the high research interest regarding Halal products, most studies on Halal products focused on food and cosmetics. This study aims to examine the factors that affect the attitude and purchase intention of non-food Halal products in a limited context of detergent products. This study is derived from the theory of reasoned action. It incorporates knowledge, religiosity and perceived usefulness of Halal label as antecedents of attitude.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied a self-administered online questionnaire. Data were collected through an online survey with a non-probability sampling technique (convenience sampling). The study retained a total of 264 valid responses. The respondents mainly consisted of Muslim consumers from the 18–24 age group (62.5%), followed by the 25–31 age group (29.2%). Data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results indicate that attitude toward Halal-labeled detergent is affected by the perceived usefulness of the Halal label, and knowledge of Halal. Consequently, attitude toward Halal-labeled detergent positively affects intention to buy Halal-labeled detergent. This study also suggests that religiosity has a positive effect on the perceived usefulness of the Halal label and purchase intention of Halal detergent.

Originality/value

This study is among the few studies that discuss the antecedents and consequences of attitude toward Halal products in the context of detergent, a non-food Halal product category besides cosmetics. Muslim consumer responses toward Halal label were mostly researched in food and cosmetics contexts, while in some countries such as Indonesia, Halal labeling on all products has recently become mandated by legislation. Hence, this study provides some insights regarding Muslim consumer’s attitudes toward Halal-labeled products besides food and cosmetics.
Preparing managers for a reconfigured world: management education's new gig
Authors: Hartman Nathan S. , Karriker Joy H.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the lack of a clear theoretical framework in management education programs to allow students to understand the world in which gig workers operate. The article asserts the need for practical guidance for pedagogy to prepare students to manage in the gig economy.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a rationale for the assertion that, beyond training students to create their own work configurations in the new world of work, management education should acquaint students with the specific challenges faced by managers responsible for a spectrum of workers in various work configurations. This paper explicates gig work configurations and offers theoretical and practical issues related to worker and manager identity to be considered in the development of an educational framework.

Findings

Management curricula over time have successfully augmented several competencies to the manager identity. Bolstering the competency of simultaneously managing employees working in multiple employment arrangements is the next natural progression of management education.

Practical implications

Particular challenges for prospective “gig managers” may relate to the management of somewhat elusive processes that enhance their own and their workers' organizational identity and related outcomes.

Originality/value

The authors invoke the literature of holding environments for identity development, along with the distinctness and inclusion facets of Kegan's theory of the evolution of consciousness and tenets of institutional theory, in a call for the examination of methods that may help aspirant managers recognize distinction and inclusion needs in others and cultivate tools to assist in their workers' need fulfillment.
Corporate social responsibility and access to bank loan: how much and how to give both matter
Authors: Li Qiang , Sun Jin-Xiu , Wu Chia-Huei , Liu Wei
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the inverse U-shape relationship between DM and accessing loans from the banks and explore the moderating effect of donation mode diversity.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a survey dataset of 1,036 private firms in China, we use a Heckman two-stage estimation model to test hypothesizes.

Findings

The results show an invert U-shape relationship between donation magnitude and access to bank loan. The authors also find that donation mode diversity will positively moderate donation magnitude–bank loan relationship: the positive effect of donation magnitude will be stronger for the private firms using multiple channels of philanthropic donation.

Originality/value

This paper extends the literatures by examining how philanthropic donation behaviors in form of donation magnitude (how much to give) and donation mode diversity (how to give) influence private firms’ loan borrowed from the bank, an important but largely ignored stakeholder. Therefore, it suggests that both the amount and the channels of philanthropic donation could have significant roles in the efficiency of achieving strategic outcomes of corporate philanthropy.
COVID-19 in Nigeria: implications for prevalent public mental health challenges
Authors: Ola Bolanle Adeyemi , Olibamoyo Olushola
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to examine the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health with particular attention to the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults in the most populous country in Africa – Nigeria. Presently, the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is well-established in Nigeria with increasing community transmission. While a significant response has been initiated by the Federal Government of Nigeria through a multidisciplinary task force, there are challenges for the country’s already weak health sector and invariably the mental health systems. For example, the testing capacity is inadequate because of limited technical, infrastructural, financial and logistical capacity to rapidly scale-up testing which could be a reflection of the health system.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors examined and explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalent public mental health challenges in Nigeria, the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa.

Findings

The authors argued for sustained investments in digitally enhanced health-care delivery and medical surveillance system that incorporate public mental health in a way that accommodates equity in Nigeria.

Originality/value

The authors have examined the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health with particular attention to the mental health of children, adolescents and adults in the most populous country in Africa – Nigeria. Furthermore, they discussed emerging frameworks and strategies to build a clinical practice and research capacities for these populations
The ideal type of valuer: expert, service provider or reporter? An investigation into prevailing role types in commercial valuation
Authors: Klamer Pim , Gruis Vincent , Bakker Cok
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper aims to disclose shared beliefs and understandings about the concept of professionalism amongst Dutch commercial real estate valuers. It examines prevailing logics of action in a mature European valuation industry and reflects on the potential influence of these logics on the occurrence of judgement bias in valuation.

Design/methodology/approach

The underlying study adopted a grounded theory approach to facilitate reflexive in-depth interview sessions with 20 experienced valuation professionals in the Netherlands. Emerging data on core categories of professionalism were initially identified and grouped; and subsequently conceptualised into ideal role types of valuers using institutional logics theory.

Findings

Three different ideal types appear to guide Dutch valuation practice: the expert, the service provider and the reporter. The expert emphasises professional standards and technical quality, while the service provider advocates commercial quality and the reporter aims to uphold procedural quality. The authors find that the attention for technical quality associated with the expert role may be at risk of underexposure, fostering concerns about judgement quality and associated bias risks.

Research limitations/implications

The potential impact of both commercial and bureaucratic logics on valuation quality may raise authoritative and educational concerns over judgement bias effects. However, while trends in professionalism may transcend national boundaries, the specifics of local real estate market structures and regulations require replication of results in other markets.

Originality/value

Institutional logics provide an alternative, socio-economic perspective on present-day valuer behaviour that progresses the understanding of the valuer–client relationship, thereby advancing the knowledge base on valuer judgement and client influence. Furthermore, the authors' role typology offers future research opportunities in terms of measurement and explanation of differences.
When patients behave badly: Consent, breach of the duty of care and the law
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Cockburn Tina , Madden Bill
Published: December 2020

Patients who are abusive or aggressive in ED raise special clinical and legal challenges. These include what steps clinicians should take to exclude serious illness/injury as the cause of the behaviour and when investigations or treatments can be imposed on these patients without their consent. Using a case illustration, this paper discusses legal issues which arise in this context, including how the standard of care owed by clinicians is determined and what may constitute a breach of duty; such patients' right to consent to (or decline) tests and treatment; and when clinicians may lawfully act without consent and/or control the patient's behaviour.
Towards a more balanced combination of multiple traits when computing functional differences between species
Authors: de Bello Francesco , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Lepš Jan , Fibich Pavel
Published: December 2020

Functional trait differences between species are key drivers of community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Quantifying these differences routinely requires using approaches like the Gower distance to combine various types of traits into a multi‐trait dissimilarity.

Without special care, the Gower distance can however produce a multi‐trait dissimilarity with a disproportional contribution of certain traits, particularly categorical traits and bundle of correlated traits reflecting similar ecological functions. These effects persist even after applying multivariate analyses traditionally used to reduce trait dimensionality.

We propose the ‘gawdis’ R function, and corresponding package, to produce multi‐trait dissimilarity with more uniform contributions of different traits, including fuzzy coded ones. The approach is based on minimizing the differences in the correlation between the dissimilarity of each trait, or groups of traits, and the multi‐trait dissimilarity. This is done using either an analytical or a numerical solution, both available in the function.

Properly taking into account the contribution of multiple traits into multi‐trait dissimilarity is key for interpreting the ecological effects of complex species differences. The gawdis r package in CRAN can be further applied to improve equitability in distance‐based measures in other field of research, such as social sciences or marketing surveys, which routinely analyse mixed type data.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of synthetic cathinones: Evaluation of the blood–brain barrier permeability of 13 related compounds in rats
Authors: Fabregat‐Safont David , Barneo‐Muñoz Manuela , Carbón Xoán , Hernández Félix , Martinez‐Garcia Ferran , Ventura Mireia , Stove Christophe P. , Sancho Juan V. , Ibáñez María
Published: December 2020

Synthetic cathinones are the second most commonly seized new psychoactive substance family in Europe. These compounds have been related to several intoxication cases, including fatalities. Although the pharmacological effects, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of cathinones have been studied, there is little information about the permeability of these compounds through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This is an important parameter to understand the behavior and potency of cathinones. In this work, 13 selected cathinones have been analyzed in telencephalon tissue from Sprague–Dawley rats intraperitoneally dosed at 3 mg/kg. Our results revealed a direct relationship between compound polarity and BBB permeability, with higher permeability for the more polar cathinones. The chemical moieties present in the cathinone had an important impact on the BBB permeability, with lengthening of the α‐alkyl chain or functionalization of the aromatic ring with alkyl moieties resulting in lower concentration in telencephalon tissue. Our data suggest that transport of cathinones is a carrier‐mediated process, similar to cocaine transport across the BBB.
Impaired renal HCO3− secretion in CFTR deficient mice causes metabolic alkalosis during chronic base‐loading
Authors: Berg Peder , Svendsen Samuel L. , Hoang Thi Thuy Linh , Praetorius Helle A. , Sorensen Mads V. , Leipziger Jens
Published: December 2020

Aim

Cystic fibrosis patients have an increased risk of developing metabolic alkalosis presumably as a result of altered renal HCO3− handling. In this study, we directly assess the kidneys’ ability to compensate for a chronic base‐load in the absence of functional CFTR.

Methods

Comprehensive urine and blood acid‐base analyses were done in anaesthetized WT mice or mice lacking either CFTR or pendrin, with or without 7 days of oral NaHCO3 loading. The in vivo experiments were complemented by a combination of immunoblotting and experiments with perfused isolated mouse cortical collecting ducts (CCD).

Results

Base‐loaded WT mice maintained acid‐base homeostasis by elevating urinary pH and HCO3− excretion and decreasing urinary net acid excretion. In contrast, pendrin KO mice and CFTR KO mice were unable to increase urinary pH and HCO3− excretion and unable to decrease urinary net acid excretion sufficiently and thus developed metabolic alkalosis in response to the same base‐load. The expression of pendrin was increased in response to the base‐load in WT mice with a paralleled increased pendrin function in the perfused CCD. In CFTR KO mice, 7 days of base‐loading did not upregulate pendrin expression and apical Cl−/HCO3− exchange function was strongly blunted in the CCD.

Conclusion

CFTR KO mice develop metabolic alkalosis during a chronic base‐load because they are unable to sufficiently elevate renal HCO3− excretion. This can be explained by markedly reduced pendrin function in the absence of CFTR.
On the Red and Yellow Pigments of Post‐Byzantine Greek Icons*
Authors: Mastrotheodoros G. P. , Beltsios K. G. , Bassiakos Y.
Published: December 2020

Red and yellow pigments on more than 50 panel paintings were investigated. The studied artefacts dated from the mid‐15th to the mid‐19th centuries and came from regions in modern‐day Greece. Cinnabar and yellow ochres predominated. Ιn the case of the region of north‐west Greece there was a persistent use of orpiment and the employment of a peculiar ochre‐type pigment, while the rare lead‐antimony‐tin yellow was identified in an early 18th‐century Greek icon. Trends in pigments use during the post‐Byzantine period are revealed and compared with contemporary Western European ones. Recipes and terms of theHermeneiamanual are revisited in light of the analytical data, and pertinent misconceptions are restored.
The analysis of chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera, M.) male reproduction. The case of a leading polish breeding farm
Authors: Kania‐Gierdziewicz Joanna , Otwinowska‐Mindur Agnieszka , Bieniek Józef
Published: December 2020

Research into the chinchilla male fertility concerned mainly semen quality. Little attention has been paid to lifetime reproductive performance, essential from the economical point of view. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze factors affecting the intensity of breeding use and lifetime performance of male chinchillas. After data transformation, the analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effect of male birth litter size and age at the first effective mating. Additionally, the correlation coefficients for both litter sizes and litter rearing efficiency were calculated. For all traits, the linear regression on the sire's age at the first effective mating was found non‐significant. Litter sizes differed slightly between seasons. The length of sire reproductive use was highly correlated (about 0.8) with the total number of litters and kits born and weaned. The total rearing efficiency was low, and in some cases negatively correlated with other traits, that is, with the total number of litters and kits born and weaned. Most sires were mated up to six dams; they were used in one polygamous set each. In total, the males sired about 60 litters each, hence the conclusion is that they could be extensively used and produce more benefits to chinchilla breeders.
Cognitive decline associated with anticholinergics, benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Moriarty Frank , Savva George M. , Grossi Carlota M. , Bennett Kathleen , Fox Chris , Maidment Ian , Loke Yoon K. , Steel Nicholas , Kenny Rose Anne , Richardson Kathryn
Published: December 2020

Aims

To estimate the association between patterns of anticholinergic, benzodiazepine and Z‐drug medication use and change in cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults.

Methods

This prospective cohort study used data from the first three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), including community‐dwelling adults aged ≥50 years followed for up to 4 years (n = 7027). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, animal naming test and word recall tests. Regular medication use was self‐reported at baseline and follow‐up interviews at 2 and 4 years. Pharmacy dispensing claims for a subset (n = 2905) allowed assessment of medication use between interviews and cumulative dosage. Medication use at consecutive waves of TILDA was analysed in relation to change in cognitive function between waves.

Results

Strongly anticholinergic medications (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale 3), benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs were reported by 7.3%, 5.8% and 5.1% of participants, respectively, at any time during the study. Adjusting for potential confounders, new anticholinergic use between interviews was associated with change in recall score (−1.09, 95% confidence interval −1.64, −0.53) over 2 years compared to non‐use, but not with MMSE (0.07; 95% CI −0.21, 0.34) or animal naming (−0.70; 95% CI −1.43, 0.03). The pharmacy claims analysis was consistent with this finding. Other hypothesised associations were not supported.

Conclusions

Except for new use of anticholinergic medications, no other findings supported a risk of cognitive decline over 2‐year periods in this middle‐aged and older cohort. Patients and prescribers should weigh this potential risk against potential benefits of commencing anticholinergic medications.
Subgroup analysis in haematologic malignancies phase III clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Báez‐Gutiérrez Nerea , Rodríguez‐Ramallo Héctor , Flores‐Moreno Sandra , Abdel‐kader Martín Laila
Published: December 2020

Aims

To assess the appropriateness of the use and interpretation of subgroup analysis in haematology randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Method

A systematic review of Medline, including haematology phase III RCTs published between January 2013 and October 2019, was carried out to identify reported subgroup analysis. Information related to trial characteristics, subgroup analysis and claims of subgroup difference were collected.

Results

The initial search identified 1622 studies. A total of 98 studies reporting subgroup analyses were identified. Of those, 24 RCT reported 46 claims of subgroup difference. Among them, 44 were claims for the primary outcome, of which 25 were considered strong claims and 17 were considered suggestions of a possible effect.

Authors included subgroup variables for the primary outcome measured at baseline for 38 claims (n = 86.36%), used a subgroup variable as a stratification factor at randomization for 15 (34.09%), clearly prespecified their hypothesis for 11 (25%), the subgroup effect was one of a small number of hypothesised effects tested (≤ 5) for 17 (38.64%), carried out a test of interaction that provide statistically significant for 18 (40.91%), documented replication of a subgroup effect with previously related studies for 11 (25%), identified the consistency of a subgroup effect across related outcome for 10 (22.72%) and provided a biological rationale for the effect for 8 (18.18%). Of the 44 claims for the primary outcome, 34 (77.27%) met four or fewer of the 10 credibility criteria.

Conclusion

The subgroup claims reported in haematology RCTs lack credibility, even when the claims are strong. Information about subgroup difference should be interpreted cautiously.
Modelling group movement with behaviour switching in continuous time
Authors: Niu Mu , Frost Fay , Milner Jordan E. , Skarin Anna , Blackwell Paul G.
Published: December 2020

This article presents a new method for modelling collective movement in continuous time with behavioural switching, motivated by simultaneous tracking of wild or semi‐domesticated animals. Each individual in the group is at times attracted to a unobserved leading point. However, the behavioural state of each individual can switch between ‘following’ and ‘independent’. The ‘following’ movement is modelled through a linear stochastic differential equation, while the ‘independent’ movement is modelled as Brownian motion. The movement of the leading point is modelled either as an Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck (OU) process or as Brownian motion (BM), which makes the whole system a higher‐dimensional Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process, possibly an intrinsic non‐stationary version. An inhomogeneous Kalman filter Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to estimate the diffusion and switching parameters and the behaviour states of each individual at a given time point. The method successfully recovers the true behavioural states in simulated data sets , and is also applied to model a group of simultaneously tracked reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).
To what extent does punishment insensitivity explain the relationship between callous‐unemotional traits and academic performance in secondary school students?
Authors: Hwang Suhlim , Allen Jennifer L. , Kokosi Theodora , Bird Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Background

Callous‐unemotional (CU) traits are related to low achievement but not to deficits in verbal ability, commonly regarded as a major risk factor for poor academic outcomes in antisocial youth. This suggests that CU traits may have utility in explaining heterogeneous risk pathways for poor school performance in antisocial children. Reduced sensitivity to teacher discipline has been suggested as a potential explanation for the association between CU traits and low achievement, given its importance in facilitating engagement in learning. This study is the first to examine punishment insensitivity as a potential mechanism explaining the relationship between CU traits and poor achievement.

Aim

The current study investigated the indirect pathway from CU traits via the predictor of punishment insensitivity to English, Maths, and Science grades.

Sample

A total of 437 English secondary school students aged 11 to 14 years (49% girls).

Methods

We conducted a mediation analysis within a structural equation modelling framework. CU traits and punishment insensitivity were assessed using child report questionnaires and academic grades were obtained from school records.

Results

CU traits were indirectly associated with low academic grades in Maths and Science, but not English, via punishment insensitivity, controlling for child age, gender, single parent household status, free school meals eligibility, externalizing problems, and classroom effects.

Conclusions

Findings indicated that reduced sensitivity to discipline forms a pathway linking CU traits to poor performance in Maths and Science. Teachers may therefore need additional support to implement discipline effectively with children high in CU traits in order to prevent poor academic outcomes.
Evidence‐based quality and accuracy of YouTube videos about nephrolithiasis
Authors: Huang Mitchell M. , Winoker Jared S. , Allaf Mohamad E. , Matlaga Brian R. , Koo Kevin
Published: December 2020

Objective

To assess the quality and accuracy of online videos about the medical management of nephrolithiasis.

Materials and Methods

To evaluate trends in online interest, we first examined the frequency of worldwide YouTube searches for ‘kidney stones’ from 2015 to 2020. We then queried YouTube with terms related to symptoms and treatment of kidney stones and analysed English‐language videos with >5000 views. Quality was assessed using the validated DISCERN instrument. Evidence‐based content analysis of video content and viewer comments was performed.

Results

Online searches for videos about kidney stones doubled between 2015 and 2019 (P < 0.001). We analysed 102 videos with a median (range) number of views of 46 539 (5024–3 631 322). The mean (sd) DISCERN score was 3.0 (1.4) out of 5, indicating ‘moderate’ quality; scores were significantly higher for the 21 videos (21%) authored by academic hospitals (mean 3.7 vs 2.8, P = 0.02). Inaccurate or non‐evidence‐based claims were identified in 23 videos (23%); none of the videos authored by academic institutions contained inaccurate claims. Videos with inaccurate statements had more than double the viewer engagement (viewer‐generated comments, ‘thumbs up’ and ‘thumbs down’ ratings) compared to videos without inaccuracies (P < 0.001). Among viewer comments, 43 videos (43%) included comments with inaccurate or non‐evidence‐based claims, and a large majority (82 videos, 80%) had ‘chatbot’ recommendations.

Conclusions

Interest in YouTube videos about nephrolithiasis has doubled since 2015. While highly viewed videos vary widely in quality and accuracy, videos produced by academic hospitals have significantly fewer inaccurate claims. Given the high prevalence of stone disease and poor‐quality videos, patients should be directed to evidence‐based content online.
Flash glucose monitoring data analysed by detrended fluctuation function on beta‐cell function and diabetes classification
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Jing , He Luxi , Cai Xiaoling , Zhang Rui , Gong Siqian , Yang Xiao , Wang Junzheng , Han Xueyao , Shi Dawei , Ji Linong
Published: December 2020

Aim

We aimed to use data‐driven glucose pattern analysis to unveil the correlation between the metrics reflecting glucose fluctuation and beta‐cell function, and to identify the possible role of this metric in diabetes classification.

Materials and methods

In total, 78 participants with type 1 diabetes and 59 with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. All participants wore a flash glucose monitoring system, and glucose data were collected. A detrended fluctuation function (DFF) was utilized to extract glucose fluctuation information from flash glucose monitoring data and a DFF‐based glucose fluctuation metric was proposed.

Results

For the entire study population, a significant negative correlation between the DFF‐based glucose fluctuation metric and fasting C‐peptide was observed (r = −0.667; P <.001), which was larger than the correlation coefficient between the fasting C‐peptide and mean amplitude of plasma glucose excursions (r = −0.639; P < .001), standard deviation (r = −0.649; P <.001), mean blood glucose (r = −0.519; P < .001) and time in range (r = 0.593; P < .001). As glucose data analysed by DFF revealed a clear bimodal distribution among the total participants, we randomly assigned the 137 participants into discovery cohorts (n = 100) and validation cohorts (n = 37) for 10 times to evaluate the consistency and effectiveness of the proposed metric for diabetes classification. The confidence interval for area under the curve according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis in the 10 discovery cohorts achieved (0.846, 0.868) and that for the 10 validation cohorts was (0.799, 0.862). In addition, the confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity in the discovery cohorts were (75.5%, 83.0%), (81.3%, 88.5%) and (71.8%, 88.3%), (76.5%, 90.3%) in the validation cohorts, indicating the potential capacity of DFF in distinguishing type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions

Our study first proposed the possible role of data‐driven analysis acquired glucose metric in predicting beta‐cell function and diabetes classification, and a large‐scale, multicentre study will be needed in the future.
Movements and occurrence in two closely related fritillary species
Authors: Polic Daniela , Tamario Carl , Franzén Markus , Betzholtz Per‐Eric , Yıldırım Yeşerin , Forsman Anders
Published: December 2020

Mobility may affect species' distribution patterns in heterogeneous landscapes, and it might impact fitness by influencing mating success, predation avoidance, and foraging success. Here, we studied causes and consequences of mobility patterns in butterflies:Argynnis adippe, a specialist constrained to warm microhabitats within woodland landscapes, andA. aglaja, a relative generalist that also inhabits grasslands, and tolerates lower temperatures. We explored associations of movement and occurrence patterns, population size and density, niche breadth, wing size, and different types of behaviour prior to capture by conducting a mark‐release‐recapture study on the Swedish island Öland.

We marked 1 935A. aglajaand 123A. adippeand achieved recapture rates of 9.5% (A. aglaja), and 8.9% (A. adippe). Estimated population densities were 5 066 and 814 individuals per km2, forA. aglajaandA. adippe, respectively.Argynnis aglajawas less likely to perform long‐distance flights according to estimated dispersal kernels, hinting at negative density‐dependent dispersal in these species.

Although we detected the longest flight distances ever in these species in MRR studies (11.9 km forA. aglajaand 3.7 km forA. adippe), most butterflies were recaptured within 200 meters (60–80%). Low recapture rates along with low estimated residence times and the potential for long movement might indicate that many individuals left the study area, and that the species form open populations, stretching over large areas.

Despite significant differences in wing size and behaviour types, mean observed flight distances were similar in these species.
Assessing dental student perceptions after engaging in a longitudinal interprofessional education curriculum: A preliminary study
Authors: Gunaldo Tina P. , Owens Jessica , Andrieu Sandra C. , Mercante Donald E. , Schiavo Julie H. , Zorek Joseph A.
Published: December 2020

Purpose/Objectives

Baseline IPE perceptions for dental students were gathered prior to the implementation of a 2‐year formalised IPE curriculum at a US institution. The goal was to establish a baseline of student perceptions and, in the future, continue to track student IPE perception data with IPE engagement as one measure of outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse two dental student cohort perceptions of IPE after engaging in a 2‐year longitudinal curriculum.

Methods

First‐ and second‐year students were required to participate in a 2‐year IPE curriculum. As a requirement of the curriculum, students were asked to complete a validated IPE assessment, the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education‐Revised instrument, version 2 (SPICE‐R2). Students completed the SPICE‐R2 survey, using a retrospective pretest/post‐test design, after engaging in the 2‐year curriculum.

Results

Sixty‐four students in cohort 2017 and 70 students in cohort 2018 completed the entire SPICE‐R2. Statistically significant positive changes (p < .05) were found in both dental student cohorts after engagement in the 2‐year longitudinal IPE curriculum.

Conclusion(s)

A longitudinal IPE curriculum has the potential to impact student IPE perceptions. Additional longitudinal multi‐institutional research is needed to determine best practices in delivery and learning.
The perceived impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dental undergraduate students in the Italian region of Emilia‐Romagna
Authors: Generali Luigi , Iani Cristina , Macaluso Guido Maria , Montebugnoli Lucio , Siciliani Giuseppe , Consolo Ugo
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The outbreak and diffusion of the novel SARS‐CoV2 coronavirus have caused an emergency status in the dental education system.

Materials and methods

An anonymous survey composed of 34 questions was delivered to students of the Master Degree Programme in Dentistry and Dental Prosthodontics of the Universities of Emilia‐Romagna, the fifth Italian region most affected by the pandemic. The psychological impact of COVID‐19 was assessed by means of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7 scale (GAD‐7). Numerically recoded data were analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), whilst to investigate the association between quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was computed.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 399 students (75%) out of 532. Most students experienced difficulties in working at the thesis during the COVID‐19 emergency. For over half of them, online teaching could only partially replace traditional face‐to‐face lessons. The negative impact on the study career was judged as particularly high by sixth‐year students. Clinical training activities were considered as exposing to the risk of contracting COVID‐19 infection by the majority of the students. The level of concern of contracting COVID‐19 infections during future university activities was positively correlated to risk perception related to clinical training.

Conclusion

The results of this survey could be used to train students to a correct risk assessment. Students reported experiencing concern whilst thinking of COVID‐19 and 6.5% of them showed symptoms related to high levels of anxiety. These data may guide Universities in trying to reduce students' anxiety by means of correct communication strategies.
The hematologic consequences of obesity
Authors: Purdy Johanna C. , Shatzel Joseph J.
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of obesity is increasing and progressively influencing physician‐patient interactions. While there is a sizable amount of data demonstrating that obesity is a state of low‐grade inflammation, to our knowledge, there is no single review summarizing its effects on hematologic parameters and thrombotic risk. We performed a literature search which largely surfaced observational studies, with a few systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of these studies. We took care to review the mechanisms driving an inflammatory state and obesity's effect on white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and thrombotic risk. There is an observed relative, and sometimes absolute leukocytosis driven by this inflammatory state. Obesity is also associated with increased platelet counts and an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Lastly, the association between obesity, iron deficiency (ID), and red blood cell counts may be present but remains uncertain. Recognizing the above associations may provide clinicians with reassurance regarding otherwise unexplained hematologic abnormalities in obese individuals. We hope this review will prompt future studies to further understand the underlying mechanisms driving these abnormalities and identify modifiable risk factors and potential therapeutic targets to prevent the development of probable obesity‐associated conditions with significant morbidity and mortality, such as ID and VTE.
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor‐mediated inhibition of GABA release from striatal medium spiny neurons onto cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Suzuki Etsuko , Momiyama Toshihiko
Published: December 2020

Acetylcholine (ACh) modulates neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. Although GABAergic transmission onto the striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIN) is modulated by dopamine receptors, cholinergic modulation of the same synapse is still unknown. In the present study, modulatory roles of ACh in the GABAergic transmission from striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) onto ChIN were investigated using optogenetics and whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique in juvenile and young‐adult mice brain slices. GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were evoked by focal electrical‐ or blue‐light stimulation. Bath application of carbachol, a muscarinic ACh receptor agonist, suppressed the amplitude of IPSCs in a concentration‐dependent manner in both age groups. A choline esterase inhibitor, physostigmine, also suppressed the amplitude of IPSCs. In the presence of a membrane permeable M1 muscarine receptor antagonist, pirenzepine, carbachol‐induced suppression of IPSCs was antagonized, whereas a M2 muscarine receptor antagonist, a M4 receptor antagonist, or a membrane impermeable M1 receptor antagonist did not antagonize carbachol‐induced suppression of IPSCs. Retrograde cannabinoid cascade via cannabinoid receptor 1 was not involved in carbachol‐induced inhibition. Furthermore, carbachol did not affect amplitude of inward currents induced by puff application of GABA, whereas coefficient of variation of IPSCs was significantly increased by carbachol. These results suggest that activation of presynaptic M1 muscarine receptors located on the GABAergic terminals including intracellular organelle of MSNs inhibits GABA release onto ChIN.
Testosterone use and shorter electrocardiographic QT interval duration in men living with and without HIV
Authors: Hiremath PG , Bhondoekhan F , Haberlen SA , Ashikaga H , Palella FJ , D’Souza G , Budoff MJ , Kingsley LA , Dobs AS , Post WS , Soliman EZ , Brown TT , Wu KC
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Testosterone usage (T‐use) may alter risk factors for sudden cardiac death in men living with HIV (MLWH). Electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation, which could potentiate ventricular arrhythmias, has previously been associated with HIV infection and, separately, with low testosterone levels. We investigated whether T‐use shortens the QT interval duration in MLWH and HIV‐uninfected men.

Methods

We utilized data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective, longitudinal study of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between T‐use and corrected QT interval (QTc) duration.

Results

Testosterone usage was more common in MLWH compared with HIV‐uninfected men (19% vs. 9%). In a multivariable regression analysis, T‐use was associated with a 5.7 ms shorter QT interval [95% confidence interval (CI): −9.5 to −1.9; P = 0.003). Furthermore, stronger associations were observed for prolonged duration of T‐use and recent timing of T‐use.

Conclusions

This study is the first known analysis of T‐use and QTc interval in MLWH. Overall, our data demonstrate that recent T‐use is associated with a shorter QTc interval. Increased T‐use duration above a threshold of ≥ 50% of visits in the preceding 5 years was associated with a shorter QTc interval while lesser T‐use duration was not.
Correlative chemical and structural nanocharacterization of a pseudo‐binary 0.75Bi(Fe0.97Ti0.03)O3‐0.25BaTiO3 ceramic
Authors: McCartan Shane J. , Calisir Ilkan , Paterson Gary W. , Webster Robert W. H. , Macgregor Thomas A. , Hall David A. , MacLaren Ian
Published: December 2020

Fast cooling after sintering or annealing of BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 mixed‐oxide ceramics yields core‐shell structures that give excellent functional properties, but their precise phase assemblage and nanostructure remains an open question. By comparing conventional electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) with scanning precession electron diffraction (SPED) mapping using a direct electron detector, we correlate chemical composition with the presence or absence of octahedral tilting and with changes in lattice parameters. This reveals that some grains have a three‐phase assemblage of a BaTiO3‐rich pseudocubic shell; a BiFeO3‐rich outer core with octahedral tilting consistent with an R3c structure; and an inner core richer in Ba and even poorer in Ti, which seems to show a pseudocubic structure of slightly smaller lattice parameter than the shell region. This last structure has not been previously identified in these materials, but the composition and structure fit with previous studies. These inner cores are likely to be non‐polar and play no part in the ferroelectric properties. Nevertheless, the combination of EELS and SPED clearly provides a novel way to examine heterogeneous microstructures with high spatial resolution, thus revealing the presence of phases that may be too subtle to detect with more conventional techniques.
Lattice distortion in high‐entropy carbide ceramics from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Zhao Shijun
Published: December 2020

The idea of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) has profoundly stimulated the recent development of novel entropy‐stabilized ceramics. Herein we explore the local lattice distortion, one of the core effects in HEAs responsible for their extraordinary properties, in typical high‐entropy ceramic (HEC) carbides with single‐phase rock salt structures. We first quantify the local distortions based on first‐principles calculations, and then investigate their influences on the structural properties, lattice stability, electronic structures, mechanical deformation, defect energetics, and thermodynamic properties. Our results show that carbon generally exhibits the most substantial distortion. On average, large local distortion is found in (NbTiVZr)C and (MoNbTaVW)C. Such distortion plays a crucial role in stabilizing HECs by lowering their enthalpy of formation. The electronic structure of HECs depends strongly on the local distortion, which can enhance charge transfer between transition metals and carbon atoms. We further show that distortion makes HECs soft and ductile due to the delocalization of electronic charges. The formation energies of C vacancies decrease significantly due to local distortion, resulting in high concentrations of C vacancies. The presence of high‐concentration C vacancies release distortion and helps to retain the high strength of HECs. Finally, we show that lattice distortion has a great impact on the thermodynamic quantities of HECs, such as thermal expansion coefficient and Debye temperature.
Stiffness of photocrosslinkable gelatin hydrogel influences nucleus pulposus cell propertiesin vitro
Authors: Xu Panpan , Guan Jingjing , Chen Yu , Xiao Hui , Yang Tianhao , Sun Hengheng , Wu Nan , Zhang Changchun , Mao Yingji
Published: December 2020

A key early sign of degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPCs). Accordingly, NPC transplantation is a treatment strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, in advanced DDD, due to structural damage of the IVD and scaffold mechanical properties, the transplanted cells are less viable and secrete less extracellular matrix, and thus, are unable to efficiently promote NP regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the encapsulation of NPCs in a photosensitive hydrogel made of collagen hydrolysate gelatin and methacrylate (GelMA) to improve NP regeneration. By adjusting the concentration of GelMA, we prepared hydrogels with different mechanical properties. After examining the mechanical properties, cell compatibility and tissue engineering indices of the GelMA‐based hydrogels, we determined the optimal hydrogel concentration of the NPC‐encapsulating GelMA hydrogel for NP regeneration as 5%. NPCs effectively combined with GelMA and proliferated. As the concentration of the GelMA hydrogel increased, the survival, proliferation and matrix deposition of the encapsulated NPCs gradually decreased, which is the opposite of NPCs grown on the surface of the hydrogel. The controllability of the GelMA hydrogels suggests that these NPC‐encapsulating hydrogels are promising candidates to aid in NP tissue engineering and repairing endogenous NPCs.
Phenotype, genotype and pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Taiwan
Authors: Sudpraseart Chiranan , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu
Published: December 2020

Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) is globally used as an aquaculture fish species due to its high growth rate and disease resistance. However, it faces an increased risk of streptococcosis. Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B streptococcus (GBS), is the most important tilapia pathogen in Asia. Studies of Str. agalactiae infection in Taiwan are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the phenotype, genotype and pathogenicity of Str. agalactiae isolated from cultured tilapia in Taiwan in 2016–2018. The analysis revealed that 85% of the strains displayed β‐haemolysis and 15% showed γ‐haemolysis, with the same capsule level, and were positive for the CAMP test. The Rapid ID 32 Strep test showed a similarity of Rapid ID 32 Strep is more than 99.5% to GBS. Genotypic distribution by molecular serotyping detected only serotype Ia from all isolates, despite the regional differences. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was categorized into 3 and 10 clusters by restriction enzymes SmaI and ApaI, respectively. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes presented the same profile in all isolates. The challenge test with 106 CFU/fish (LD50), administered intraperitoneally, showed that the β‐haemolysis strains had a higher mortality rate than γ‐haemolysis, although they were from the same cluster from PFGE, year and region.