bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onopordum acanthium L. extract attenuates pancreatic β-Cells and cardiac inflammation in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Sharef Abdalmuhaimen Yusif , Hamdi Bushra Ahmed , Alrawi Rafal Abdulrazaq , Ahmad Hiwa Omer
Published: January 2023

Background and objective

Methanolic extract from Onopordum acanthium L. leaves (MEOAL) has been discovered to treat diabetic complications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative role of MEOAL on pancreatic islet injury and myocardial inflammation in diabetic rats.

Methods

Forty male Wister albino rats were allocated into five groups of eight rats each. Group A was the negative control group. Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (50mg/kg) were used for the four experimental groups. Group B served as the positive control group. The rats in Groups C, D, and E received glibenclamide (5mg/kg), MEOAL (200, and 400 mg/kg) respectively, for eight weeks. Group C served as the standard drug group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays for antioxidant activity were conducted in MEOAL. In silico study, calculation of molecular binding energy (DG), and inhibition constant (pKi) of bioactive constituents in MEOAL were performed.

Results

Administration of MEOAL significantly increases insulin content in β-cells with a marked enhancement of pancreatic islet structure, resulting in a significant reduction of blood glucose level and body weight loss. MEOAL treatment suppressed the increase of inflammatory cell score in myocardial tissue with an elevation of M2 –like macrophage. The phytochemical studies recorded the presence of six polyphenols, including catechin, kaempferol, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin and gallic acid in MEOAL. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was greater than that of standard ascorbic acid. The docking studies of the ligands Catechin, kaempferol and epicatechin with proteins showed high affinities with various targets related in β-Cells and cardiac inflammation.

Conclusions

The attenuation of pancreatic β-Cells damage and cardiac inflammation by MEOAL could be attributed to the presence of Catechin, kaempferol and epicatechin which have high affinities with the receptors namely pancreatic alpha-amylase, glucokinase, COX-2, and COX-1.
Impact of valproic acid on busulfan pharmacokinetics: In vitro assessment of potential drug-drug interaction
Authors: Al-Enezi Bashayer F. , Al-Hasawi Nada , Matar Kamal M.
Published: January 2023

Busulfan (Bu) is an alkylating agent commonly used at high doses in the preparative regimens of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It has been shown that such high doses of Bu are associated with generalized seizures which are usually managed by prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as valproic acid (VPA). Being a strong enzyme inhibitor, VPA may inhibit Bu metabolism and thus increase its potential toxicity. Despite its clinical relevance, the potential interaction between Bu and VPA has not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess and evaluate the potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) between Bu and VPA. This study was carried out by incubating Bu in laboratory-prepared rat liver-subcellular fractions including S9, microsomes, and cytosol, alone or in combination with VPA. The liver fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation of the liver homogenate. Analysis of Bu was employed using a fully validated LC-MS/MS method. The validation parameters were within the proposed limits of the international standards guidelines. Bu metabolic stability was assessed by incubating Bu at a concentration of 8 μg/ml in liver fractions at 37°C. There were significant reductions in Bu levels in S9 and cytosolic fractions, whereas these levels were not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) changed in microsomes. However, in presence of VPA, Bu levels in S9 fraction remained unchanged. These results indicated, for the first time, the potential metabolic interaction of Bu and VPA being in S9 only. This could be explained by inhibiting Bu cytosolic metabolism by the interaction with VPA either by sharing the same metabolic enzyme or the required co-factor. In conclusion, the present findings suggest, for the first time, a potential DDI between Bu and VPA in vitro using rat liver fractions. Further investigations are warranted in human-derived liver fractions to confirm such an interaction.
The size of larval rearing container modulates the effects of diet amount and larval density on larval development in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Qureshi Alima , Keen Elizabeth , Brown George , Cator Lauren
Published: January 2023

Mass-rearing of mosquitoes under laboratory conditions is an important part of several new control techniques that rely on the release of males to control mosquito populations. While previous work has investigated the effect of larval density and diet amount on colony productivity, the role of the size of the container in which larval development takes place has been relatively ignored. We investigated the role of container size in shaping life history and how this varied with density and food availability in Aedes aegypti, an important disease vector and target of mass-rearing operations. For each treatment combination, immature development time and survival and adult body size and fecundity were measured, and then combined into a measure of productivity. We additionally investigated how larval aggregation behaviour varied with container size. Container size had important effects on life history traits and overall productivity. In particular, increasing container size intensified density and diet effects on immature development time. Productivity was also impacted by container size when larvae were reared at high densities (1.4 larva/ml). In these treatments, the productivity metric of large containers was estimated to be significantly lower than medium or small containers. Regardless of container size, larvae were more likely to be observed at the outer edges of containers, even when this led to extremely high localized densities. We discuss how container size and larval aggregation responses may alter the balance of energy input and output to shape development and productivity.
The Q163C/Q309C mutant of αMI-domain is an active variant suitable for NMR characterization
Authors: Nguyen Hoa , Jing Tianwei , Wang Xu
Published: January 2023

Integrin αMβ2 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18, CR3) is an important adhesion receptor expressed on monocytes. Mac-1 is responsible for mediating cell migration, phagocytosis, degranulation as well as cell-cell fusion. It is also the most promiscuous integrin in terms of ligand specificity with over 100 ligands, most of which use the αMI-domain as their binding site. Despite the importance of αMI-domain in defining ligand interactions of Mac-1, structural studies of αMI-domain’s interactions with ligands are lacking. In particular, solution NMR studies of αMI-domain’s interaction with ligands have not been possible because the most commonly used active αMI-domain mutants (I316G and ΔK315) are not sufficiently stable and soluble to be used in solution NMR. The goal of this study is to identify an αMI-domain active mutant that’s amenable to NMR characterization. By screening known activating mutations of αMI-domain, we determined that the Q163C/Q309C mutant, which converts the αMI-domain into its active form through the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond, can be produced with a high yield and is more stable than other active mutants. In addition, the Q163C/Q309C mutant has better NMR spectral quality than other active mutants and its affinity for ligands is comparable to other active mutants. Analysis of the Co2+-induced pseudocontact shifts in the Q163C/Q309C mutant showed the structure of the mutant is consistent with the active conformation. Finally, we show that the minor fraction of the Q163C/Q309C mutant without the disulfide bond can be removed through the use of carboxymethyl sepharose chromatography. We think the availability of this mutant for NMR study will significantly enhance structural characterizations of αMI-domain-ligand interactions.
The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergency general surgery in the first German “hotspot region” Aachen-Heinsberg–A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chrysos Alexandros , Amygdalos Iakovos , Nunes Priscila , Haselow Guenter , Lioupis Konstantinos , Rosch Raphael , Eickhoff Roman Marius , Wiltberger Georg , Neumann Ulf Peter , Lambertz Andreas
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to observe the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute general surgery in the first German “hotspot” regions of Heinsberg and Aachen, during the first months of the pandemic. The incidence and severity of acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and mechanical bowel obstruction, were compared between March and May 2020 and a control period (same months of the previous three years). Pre-, intra- and postoperative data was compared between three regional hospitals of Heinsberg and the closest maximum care, university hospital. A total of 592 operated patients were included, 141 belonging to the pandemic cohort and 451 to the historic cohort. The pandemic group showed higher rates of clinical peritonitis (38% vs. 27%, p = 0.015), higher rates of mean white blood cell count (13.2±4.4 /nl vs. 12.3±4.7 /nl, p = 0.044) and mean C-reactive protein (60.3±81.1 mg/l vs. 44.4±72.6 mg/l, p = 0.015) preoperatively. Specifically in patients with acute appendicitis, there were less patients with catarrhal appendicitis (23% vs. 35%, p = 0.021) and a tendency towards more advanced histological findings in the pandemic cohort. In the university hospital, a 42% reduction in acute operated cases was observed at the onset of the pandemic (n = 30 in 2020 vs. n = 52 in 2019), whereas in the peripheral hospitals of Heinsberg there was only a 10% reduction (n = 111 in 2020 vs. n = 123 in 2019). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in our region was accompanied by advanced preoperative and intraoperative findings in patients undergoing emergency general surgery. A greater reduction in acute operated surgical cases was observed at the university hospital, in contrast to the smaller hospitals of Heinsberg, suggesting a possible shift of emergency patients, requiring immediate operation, from maximum care hospital to the periphery.
Ac-YVAD-cmk ameliorated sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and revised mitophagy impairment
Authors: Zheng Du , Wang Hongwei , Zhou Youfa , Chen Yeru , Chen Gang
Published: January 2023

It is common for elderly patients to develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), but the pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy impairment was involved in neurodegenerative disease. This study investigated the interaction of NLRP3 inflammasome and mitophagy in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction. We found that sevoflurane induced cleaved caspase-1 level, IL-1β and IL-18 maturation, and activated NLRP3 inflammasome in aged mice and the primary hippocampus neuron. The cleaved caspase-1 was demonstrated in microglia of hippocampus. Ac-YVAD-cmk, a selected caspase-1 inhibitor, reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by sevoflurane. Ac-YVAD-cmk ameliorated learning ability impairment in aged mice induced by sevoflurane using Morris water maze. Moreover, Ac-YVAD-cmk reversed the mitophagy flux dysfunction induced by sevoflurane in aged mice by western blotting, immunostaining and mt-Keima reporters. For the first time, we found caspase-1 inhibitor mitigated mitochondria dysfunction and revised mitophagy impairment induced by sevoflurane.
Neoplastic signatures: Comparative proteomics of canine hepatobiliary neuroendocrine tumors to normal niche tissue
Authors: Batts Tifini L. , Sasaki Emi , Miller Mayzie , Sparago Joshua , Bauer Rudy W. , Paulsen Daniel , Boudreaux Bonnie , Liu Chin-Chi , Byrum Stephanie D. , Johnston Andrea N.
Published: January 2023

Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare cancers in humans and dogs. To date, no large-scale primary hepatobiliary neoplasm omics analyses exist in any species. This limits the development of diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutics. Neuroendocrine cancers are a heterogenous group of neoplasms categorized by their tissue-of-origin. Because the anatomic niche of neuroendocrine neoplasms shapes tumor phenotype, we sought to compare the proteomes of 3 canine hepatobiliary neoplasms to normal hepatobiliary tissue and adrenal glands with the objective of identifying unique protein signatures. Protein was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and submitted for tandem mass spectroscopy. Thirty-two upregulated and 126 downregulated differentially expressed proteins were identified. Remarkably, 6 (19%) of the upregulated proteins are correlated to non-hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasia and 16 (50%) are functionally annotated within the exosome cellular compartment key to neuroendocrine signaling. Twenty-six (21%) downregulated proteins are enriched in metabolic pathways consistent with alterations in cancer. These results suggests that characteristic neoplastic protein signatures can be gleaned from small data sets using a comparative proteomics approach.
The impact of adolescent work on parent–child relationships: A multi-generational approach among hospitality family businesses
Authors: Telling Richard , Martin Emma
Published: January 2023

Business-owning parents face the decision of whether to involve their own children in the family business. Employing family members for little or no wages is widely documented in the hospitality and tourism industries, though children’s role in such businesses is often missing from the literature. This article seeks to address this gap by exploring parental motives for involving children in the family business and the impact of such decisions on parent–child relationships in later life. The article adopts a multi-generational approach, comparing both parent’s and children’s accounts of adolescent work performed at the family business. The research findings are based on semi-structured interviews with nineteen individuals across five restaurant-owning families. The article concludes that parental motives for adolescent work are a composition of convenience, economic gain and an attempt to educate the next generation. We further argue that adolescent work serves as an ‘imprinting’ mechanism and demonstrate that children perceive their family business involvement to be a purely economic endeavour when their parents neglect to practise imprinting. The research findings indicate that when this happens, offspring recall their adolescent work experience negatively and it is detrimental to parent–child relationships. The originality of the article stems from the research findings which are based on interviews among adults who recalled their past experiences of adolescent work, thus allowing the longer lasting impact of adolescent work on parent–child relationships to be explored, whereas previous work adopting a similar focus has been conducted among adolescents.
Linfoma MALT de glándula parótida. Descripción de un caso
Authors: Fernández-García Guillermo , Salom-Coveñas Carmen
Published: January 2023

Introducción y objetivo: Los linfomas de la glándula parótida son una entidad infrecuente. Presentamos un caso clínico de linfoma tipo MALT de parótida, describiendo sus métodos diagnósticos y de tratamiento más empleados. Descripción: Mujer de 69 años con tumoración asintomática en cola de parótida y visión de estructuras nodulares en imagen de TC y RM con PAAF negativa. Se realiza parotidectomía total hallando el diagnóstico de linfoma MALT de la zona marginal. Se completa tratamiento mediante esquema R-CHOP durante 4 meses, sin signos de recidiva al año. Discusión: El linfoma tipo MALT es un tipo de LNH relacionado principalmente con inflamación autoinmune crónica en el caso de aparición sobre glándulas salivales. Se presenta como una tumoración asintomática e inespecífica de crecimiento lento y se diagnostica mediante TC o RM en su mayoría de casos. El tratamiento se realiza mediante parotidectomía asociado a quimioterapia y/o radioterapia, con una tasa de supervivencia mayor al 80% en 5 años. Conclusiones: Los linfomas de glándulas salivales son poco habituales y ocasionalmente se diagnostican de manera inadecuada debido a su comportamiento benigno que mimetiza a tumores más familiares del área parotídea. Su sospecha y distinción son esenciales y no deben olvidarse en nuestro diagnóstico diferencial de masas parotídeas.
Identification of the Formation of Character Education Values for Preschool Children in the Disruption Era
Authors: Nazarullail Fikri , Maskulin Dewi
Published: January 2023

Purpose – This study aims to identify character building for preschool-aged children in the era of disruption. This research produces percentages regarding applying the four character values: honesty, discipline, tolerance and independence.Design/methods/approach – This study uses a quantitative research method with a descriptive type. In this research, researchers conducted data mining using research instruments distributed online to students’ parents. The results of the analysis of the questionnaire that has been distributed to the parents of the students will later become quantitative data to determine the character development of students while at home.Findings – The results showed that parents’ formation of character values for pre-school-aged children obtained data as many as 365 (95.05%) parents always familiarize and apply the value of honesty. 263 (64.49%) parents always familiarize themselves and apply the value of discipline. 214 (55.73%) parents always get used to and apply the value of tolerance, and as many as 272 (70.83%) parents always get used to and apply the value of independence.Research implications/limitations – The research focus on the four character values is based on the results of previous research, which the researchers used as a reference because students in the early age category are still in the process of growth and development, so the internalization of the eighteen character pillars has not been fully formed.Practical implications – These four character values have different scores where the student’s parents prioritize instilling the values of honesty in educating their children in the family environment. The lowest score results indicate that tolerance is a character education value not applied to the early childhood category. The researcher hopes there will be a similar type of research to analyze the application of tolerance character values in the elementary and middle school age categories.Originality/value – The significance of this research that has been carried out is to see the role of parents in implementing character education values in the family environment. It is hoped that future research can link the four character values to correlational research.Paper type: Case study
Decentralization, Governance and Provision of Public Goods and Services in Togo
Authors: AYENAGBO Kossi
Published: January 2023

The objective of this work is to analyse the impact of decentralisation on the quality of public services in Togo since 2019. After an exploratory analysis, data from the Afrobarometer survey (Round 8) were subjected to an econometric analysis with endogenous dichotomous variables. Overall, the results show that decentralisation and the level of corruption have a positive and significant impact on the quality of public service provision in Togo. The results also reveal that the accountability of local officials elected  and the level of corruption have a positive and significant impact on the efficient provision of public services. These results also show that decentralisation contributes significantly to improving the quality of public services. Policy makers need to take adequate initiatives to make the transfer of competences to local governments more effective and sustainable in order to foster more inclusive development.
Transylvanian Health Database: A Historical Database of Medicalization Spreading in Transylvania Before 1918
Authors: Dumănescu Luminița , Hegedűs Nicoleta , Lumezeanu Angela
Published: January 2023

Providing valuable research on social history is, nowadays, impossible without the use of complex digital tools capable of providing, through appropriate interrogation, comprehensive answers to the researchers' increasingly varied research questions. The development of Historical Population Database (HPDT) has brought us closer to other research problems that require the input of digital tools in order to be investigated as widely as possible. One of these is the process of medicalization of Transylvania, a historical topic about which there are relatively few and rather narrow approaches. On the basis of administrative and sanitary directories, various other sources referring to the allocation of doctors' posts in the communes and the filling of these posts, medical reports, press, publications, statistics, parish registers and other sources related to the medical situation, we have built the Transylvania Health Database (THD), a research tool that is expected to be released for public use by the end of 2022. THD is a method-oriented database, built in MySQL, whose presentation can be used for the implementation of similar projects in the Eastern European area, which is still underdeveloped in terms of digital tools useful to researchers.
Book Review: Housing Problems in Poland in the 1970s in the Light of Personal Documents [Problemy mieszkaniowe w Polsce w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku w świetle dokumentów osobistych]
Authors: Kujawa Jakub
Published: January 2023

This review discussed the book by Michał Jacek Jarmuż (2020), entitled Housing Problems in Poland in the 1970s in the Light of Personal Documents [Problemy mieszkaniowe w Polsce w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku w świetle dokumentów osobistych] which was published in 2020 by the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. This publication is the result of the doctoral dissertation defended in 2014, written under the supervision of prof. Dariusz Jarosz at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, who has specialized and researched for many years, inter alia, housing issues in 20th-century Poland, doing so both through the lens of classic archival files and personal documents (Jarosz, 1996; 2006; 2008; 2010; Miernik, 2006). This fact undoubtedly influenced the choice of research topics and the type of historical sources used in the work.
The relationship between food quality score with inflammatory biomarkers, and antioxidant capacity in young women
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Nikoomanesh Fatemeh , Khorasanchi Zahra , Mohamadian Malihe , Ferns Gordon A.
Published: January 2023

Diet has the potential to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation and this may be beneficial in several diseases. This study investigated the association between food quality score (FQS) with antioxidant and inflammatory properties in 171 apparently healthy young women. This cross‐sectional study was conducted using a validated food frequency questionnaire to determine the dietary intake of participants. FQS was calculated by summing all the scores obtained from healthy and unhealthy food groups. The total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of serum and urine were quantified using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and α, α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW), were measured. Neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet: lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and RDW: platelet ratio (RPR) were also calculated. A high food quality (rich in fruit and vegetables, nuts, whole grain, and low intake of sweetened beverage, potato chips and fried food from outside the home) was related to lower hematological inflammatory biomarkers including WBC count, RDW, NLR, and PLR. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) demonstrated that higher FQS group (third tertile vs. first tertile) was associated with a significant lower levels of urinary FRAP (ORadj = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.70 to 0.97), and DPPH. High food quality was associated with reduced of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Iranian young girl.
From Tasmania to the world: long and strong traditions in seaweed use, research, and development
Authors: Hurd Catriona L. , Wright Jeffrey T. , Layton Cayne , Strain Elisabeth M. A. , Britton Damon , Visch Wouter , Barrett Neville , Bennett Scott , Chang Kim Jye Lee , Edgar Graham , Fitton J. Helen , Greeno Dean , Jameson Ian , Johnson Craig R. , Karpiniec Sam S. , Kraft Gerald T. , Ling Scott D. , Macleod Catriona M. , Paine Ellie R. , Park Ahyoung , Sanderson J. Craig , Schmid Matthias , Scott Fiona J. , Shelamoff Victor , Stringer Damien N. , Tatsumi Masayuki , White Camille A. , Willis Anusuya
Published: January 2023

Tasmania is an island state in south-eastern Australia that has a long and rich history of seaweed use, research, and development. It is a cool-temperate system with 750 macroalgal species currently described. Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples have lived on this land for at least 40,000 years utilising seaweed as food, shelter, water carriers and medicine, as well as for ceremonial reasons. Modern taxonomic investigations began with French naturalist Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière in 1791, and there are 184 type specimens of seaweeds originating from Tasmania. Ecological and physiological studies of seaweed in Tasmania have focussed on the dominant large brown seaweeds (Laminariales and Fucales) and have contributed significantly to the global understanding of these systems, particularly related to community resilience, seaweed-urchin interactions, their habitat-forming role for other species, responses to global change, and restoration of lost habitat. Ocean warming and changing oceanography have caused a 95% decline in surface canopy cover of Macrocystis pyrifera in eastern Tasmania since the 1950s and led to a focus on restoring these lost forests. Tasmanian seaweed communities have a uniquely high proportion (up to ∼90%) of seaweeds that rely solely on CO2 for photosynthesis, which has implications for responses to ocean acidification. Tasmania has industries that use brown seaweeds for fucoidan extraction and beach-cast harvest for alginates, fertilisers, and feeds for agriculture. New aquaculture initiatives include integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, offshore kelp mariculture and Asparagopsis cultivation for bioactive products to reduce methane emissions in ruminants, as and the development of unexploited species including Caulerpa spp. for food.
Effect of environmental variables and main alloying elements on the repassivation potential of Ni–Cr–Mo–(W) alloys 59 and 686
Authors: Hornus Edgar C. , Rodríguez Martín A.
Published: January 2023

Chloride-induced crevice corrosion (E
R,CREV) of alloys UNS N06059 and UNS N06686 was studied at different temperatures in 0.1, 1 and 10 M chloride solutions. Crevice corrosion occurred several degrees below the reported critical crevice temperatures obtained through standard immersion tests. The repassivation potential of the tested alloys as a function of temperature and chloride concentration was given by E
R,CREV = (A + BT)log[Cl−] + CT + D for a range of environmental conditions. When temperature and chloride concentration increased E
R,CREV showed a lesser dependence on the environmental variables. The repassivation potential of Ni–Cr–Mo–(W) alloys was described by a new proposed equation in terms of [Cl−], T, Cr, Mo and W, alloys in wt%. The dependence of E
R,CREV with the weight % of main alloying elements was 5–6 mV/%Cr, 17–18 mV/%Mo and ∼9 mV/%W, at 85 °C in chloride solutions. An optimal main alloying elements relationship was noted that maximizes the E
R,CREV value. The optimal alloy ratio would be 1:3.3:1.65 for wt%Cr, wt%Mo and wt%W, the same factors as in the PRE equation. The optimal alloying ratio would be independent of the alloy composition since it is not a function of the content of main elements.
Study on the cladding path during the solidification process of multi-layer cladding of large steel ingots
Authors: Yi-hong Li , Jin-yu Niu , Yu-kun Zhao , Yi-bo He , Zhi-feng Ren , Hui-qin Chen
Published: January 2023

Aiming at the quality problems such as segregation, porosity and shrinkage cavities that are difficult to eliminate due to the size effect of large die-cast steel ingots as large forging blanks, the idea of layered casting of large steel ingots is proposed. The transient heat transfer process and cladding path of the ingot core and cladding layer under different molten steel casting temperatures, different ingot core diameters and different ingot core preheating temperatures were studied by combining numerical simulation and thermal experiments. The research results show that the cladding path has a certain functional relationship with the diameter of the ingot core and the preheating temperature of the ingot core. Obviously, the interfacial melting rate can be significantly improved. The thermal scaling experiment was carried out on the cladding path under the condition of a casting temperature of 1,560°C and no preheating of the ingot core. The microhardness of the interface is higher than that of the clad steel ingot, and the metallurgical bond of the interface is good.
Proposing an inflatable rubber dam on the Tidal Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq
Authors: AlKhafaji Hazim , Muttashar Wisam R. , Al-Mosawi Walaa M.
Published: January 2023

Increasing salinity in the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR), south of Iraq, causes a serious issue with its water quality. In the current work, the proposed inflatable rubber dam was tested and verified for its feasibility and suitability on the SAR, Southern Iraq. The proposed rubber dam investigated its performance in reducing the salt front resulting from the seawater of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Also, the inflatable rubber dam was feasibly compared with other types of hydraulic structure regulators and discussed the probable effect and benefits for each. Results of performance evaluation on the water quality were expressed in three groups: hydraulic, geotechnical, and economic performance. Results of the analyses of hydraulic indicators showed that the tide phenomenon has a significant impact on the water quality of the SAR. The geotechnical performance was assessed in terms of soil layers and was satisfactory. Analysis of the economic performance indicators showed that the inflatable rubber dam was feasible for the SAR problem compared with other types. Finally, a proposed design indicates the viability of inflatable rubber dam technology in controlling the salt front and improving the quality of the Shatt Al-Arab River water by reducing the salinity.
Home advantage and crowd attendance: evidence from rugby during the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Delbianco Fernando , Fioravanti Federico , Tohmé Fernando
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional and amateur sports to be played without attending crowds. Thus, it induced a large-scale natural experiment on the impact of social pressure on decision making and behavior in sports fields. Using a data set of 1027 rugby union matches from 11 tournaments in 10 countries, we find that home teams have won less matches and their point difference decreased during the pandemic, shedding light on the impact of crowd attendance on the home advantage of sports teams.
NiAs-derived cyanamide (carbodiimide) structures – a group-theoretical view
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer , Corkett Alex J. , Dronskowski Richard
Published: January 2023

The cyanamide and carbodiimide anions are complex nitrogen-derived one-dimensional species of the type NCN2− (hence, resembling O2− but more covalently bonding) that form a huge number of salt-like phases with a variety of metal cations stemming from the whole Periodic Table. Depending on the coloring (binary, ternary and quaternary salts are known), the cationic size and charge as well as covalent contributions, different distortion (tilting in particular) and/or vacancy ordering variants of cyanamides/carbodiimides occur. Herein we summarize those cyanamide/carbodiimide structures that derive from the aristotype NiAs. The crystal chemistry is discussed on the basis of group-subgroup schemes (Bärnighausen trees).
Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Priyadharshini Rameshkumar , Pandiyan Paulraj Muruges
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disorder that affects the heart function and blood vessels, such as coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, heart attack, rheumatic heart disease, stroke, etc. The risks associated with CVD are physical inactivity, improper diet, and smoking and liquor drinking. Some behavioral risk factors include increased blood sugar and blood pressure levels, obesity, stress, and genetic factors. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder related to sleep respiration that affects blood oxygen concentration and air entering the lungs. It will probably lead to overweight, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension. Several kinds of research are being carried out, and they demonstrate the relationship between patients with CVD and those with OSA. The present study uses polysomnography data from the Sleep Heart Health Study and CVD-related physiological data obtained from the National Sleep Research Resource. The data set is preprocessed, and principal component analysis reduction is applied and fed to the ResNet-101 classifier for classifying patients with OSA into three types of coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disorder in which the coronary arteries were blocked and CVD risk groups. After training the proposed network with 80 % of records, accuracy was obtained as 94.87 % for “no risk” and “risk,” with a 95.89 % level of CVD risk among patients with OSA apart from its capability to detect the severity of OSA.
Farklılaştırılmış Öğretimle Kütle ve Ağırlık Kavram Yanılgılarının Giderilmesine Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Authors: DURU Mehmet Kürşad , ÇALGICI Gökhan
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada farklılaştırılmış öğretimin fen eğitiminde öğrencilerin kavram yanılgılarının giderilmesine etkisi incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul İl’inde bir devlet ortaokulunda bulunan yedinci sınıf öğrencileri ile yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilerin fen eğitiminde sıkça ortaya çıkan kavram yanılgıları açık uçlu sorular ve görüşmelerle tespit edilmiştir. Denel işlem uygulamasında deney 1 grubunda içerik ve süreç farklılaştırılırken, deney 2 grubunda ise içerik ve süreç farklılaştırılmasına ek olarak ürün farklılaştırması yapılmıştır, kontrol grubunda ise müfredatta yer alan öğretim şekli ile ders işlenmiştir. ‘‘Kütle ve Ağırlık İlişkisi’’ konusunda, kütle ve ağırlık kavramları ile bu nicelikleri ölçme aletleri olan eşit kollu terazi ve dinamometre kavramlarının ve bu niceliklerin birimleri olan kilogram ve Newton kavramlarının sıklıkla birbirine karıştırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Farklılaştırılmış öğretim sonrasında kontrol ve deney gruplarında kavram yanılgılarında düşüş tespit edilirken en fazla düşüş deney 2 grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Fen eğitiminde farklılaştırılmış öğretim ile öğrenciler arası geçmişten gelen farklar azaltılabilir ve öğrenmeleri önünde yer alan zorlukları kaldırılabilir. İlgi ve yeteneklerine göre bazen homojen bazen de heterojen gruplar oluşturularak işlenecek farklılaştırılmış ders içeriklerinin fen eğitimindeki etkisinin detaylı incelenmesi literatüre katkı sağlayabilir.
La red de confianza de los debates electorales y la mente de los candidatos
Authors: Carrera Boleas Valentín
Published: January 2023

Los debates televisados son la piedra angular de las campañas electorales modernas. En España, sin embargo, siguen encorsetados por los viejos principios de la comunicación política previa a la televisión. Los políticos son los principales responsables de esta deficiencia.La negociación sigue estando controlada por los partidos y se desarrolla sin tener en cuenta ni a los candidatos, ni las pautas de la nueva comunicación política, ni los nuevos códigos televisivos, ni a los propios electores, convertidos en meros espectadores. Se apela con insistencia a que los debates son un derecho democrático de los ciudadanos pero se les mantiene sistemáticamente al margen.En esta investigación hemos analizado el proceso que desemboca en la celebración de debates electorales. Hemos estudiado como preparan los candidatos sus apariciones, el reto más importante que afrontan durante una campaña. Y hemos incorporado las enseñanzas de Daniel Kahneman para concluir que el cerebro de los candidatos es sistemáticamente ignorado en la preparación de los debates.Se cuidan las cuestiones estéticas y formales. Se trabajan los mensajes y las ideas fuerza. Pero se ignora la mente de los candidatos y el papel que debe jugar en el cara a cara. De este análisis concluimos que los debates en España precisan de una reformulación total que exija más de los candidatos y que permita que sean realmente útiles para los ciudadanos electores.
Participación de los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo y elecciones locales en España
Authors: Tomé da Mata Edileny
Published: January 2023

En el presente estudio analizamos la participación política de los ciudadanos comunitarios residentes en España y, más concretamente en la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza, poniendo el acento en su nivel de conocimiento y comportamiento político a propósito de sus derechos políticos, los mecanismos y vías de participación institucional y política en España, así como el estudio de la implicación en el fomento de la participación de los extranjeros europeos a nivel de la Administración pública (entidades locales y otras instituciones), partidos políticos, sindicatos, Embajadas y Consulados.
Basque Patriotic Left: 50 Years of Political and Terrorist Acronyms
Authors: Leonisio Calvo Rafael
Published: January 2023

In the last two decades, the Basque Patriotic Left has been a monolithic movement with relatively few fissures that has followed the line marked by ETA in an orthodox way. But it has not always been that way. During Franco's regime and in the first years of democracy, the Basque Patriotic Left was formed by a plurality of organizations that had a common project but differed in strategies, terms and nuances, and in the importance given to the contents of the common project. In this work, we will examine the various political and armed organizations that have formed the Basque Patriotic Left from its foundation to the present day.
Defining and Coping with Residence. International Retirement Migration to Spain
Authors: Durán Muñoz Rafael
Published: January 2023

This paper seeks to make a contribution to the empirical study of international retirement migration by exploring the meaning and the scope of residence, a phenomenon related to issues around integration and belonging. The study is based upon a national survey addressed to foreign European retirees (pensioners aged 50 years or over) of 16 nationalities living in Spain for more than three months per year. The article point out the extent to which residence is a multidimensional or complex and polysemic concept that transcends its merely administrative aspects. Residence is more than official records, and not all its dimensions develop with the same intensity. The research also reveals that certain public policies could promote both the presence and the consolidation as residents of European elderly movers.
Assessing the Democratic Deficit in the EU: towards a Participatory Approach
Authors: Castro Quintas Claudio
Published: January 2023

The deficit of democracy in the European Union (EU) explains the widening gap between EU citizens and the European Project. This fact leads to a situation in which citizens’ opinions are not taken into consideration by the supranational bodies. This pattern will continue until the average EU citizen will be able to intervene directly in the policy-making processes of the EU in a more significant way. Citizens’ confidence in the EU has eroded largely since the Maastricht Treaty. Furthermore, it is an ongoing process that will not be countered until the deficit of democracy in the EU will be effectively confronted. The EU will never be considered as a real union and a fully democratic structure without the active participation of citizens in the configuration of the political agenda and over the control of the governmental implementation.
The Pirate Myth
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: January 2023

Policante, Amedeo (2015) The Pirate Myth. London and New York: Routledge. 244 pages. ISBN: 978-1-13-879731-4.
Discapacidad. Especial referencia a la educación
Authors: García Añón María
Published: January 2023

Si bien los Derechos Fundamentales de la Constitución Española recogen la integración de los inválidos en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad, no siempre se les ofrecen instrumentos necesarios para que este propósito sea una realidad. Citar como ejemplo nuestras Universidades que adolecen de falta de servicios a profesores y a alumnos discapacitados; y no solo hay que pensar en barreras arquitectónicas como dificultad escasamente subsanada, sino también en personal de apoyo insuficiente, a lo que cabe añadir discriminación explícita en los estatutos de algunos de estos organismos hacia este sector de personas muy capaces aunque no tengan la potencialidad física de la mayoría.
THE ROLE OF CELL ENERGY STATUS IN THE PROTECTION OF POSTHYPERTONIC HEMOLYSIS BY AMPHIPHILIC SUBSTANCES
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Nipot O.Е. , Yershova N.A. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shapkina O.O. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shpakova N.M. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Yershov, S.S. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Orlova N.V. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The effect of ATP depletion on the protection of rabbit eryth- rocytes by amphiphilic substances in posthypertonic shock conditions was studied. For this, the level of hemolysis in posthypertonic shock of native and ATP-depleted erythrocytes in the presence of amphiphilic substances was determined. It was shown that ATP depletion reduces posthypertonic cell damage by 15-17% both at 0°С and at 37°С. It was found that amphiphilic compounds are able to protect rabbit erythrocytes in conditions of posthypertonic shock, but only at a temperature of 0°С. In conditions of ATP-depletion of cells, only anionic sodium decyl sulfate and nonionic decyl-β,D-glucopyranoside retain their protective effect in posthypertonic shock condi- tions, whereas cationic chlorpromazine and trifluoroperazine lose this ability. This can be explained based on the features of the incorporation of amphiphiles into the erythrocyte membrane. All studied amphiphilic compounds increase the level of damage in both control and ATP-depleted cells under conditions of posthypertonic shock at a temperature of 37°C. Probably, easier intercalation and increased fluidity of the membrane at this temperature destabilize the bilayer and reduce the protective effect of amphiphilic compounds.
FEATURES OF HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE CONTRACTED A CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
Authors:   GD «L.T. Malaya named National Institute of Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine», Kharkіv, Ukraine, Samokhina L.M. , Rudyk Iu.S. ,   GD «L.T. Malaya named National Institute of Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine», Kharkіv, Ukraine
Published: January 2023

An analysis of primary and secondary myocardial lesions under the conditions of transmission of the COVID-19 infection, causative factors and consequences of the progression of the pathological condition was carried out. Some possibilities of protection against infection and its consequences are noted. Among the first problems with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with heart failure is the need to distinguish viral lung disease from acute edema. Particular attention is paid to disorders of immune regulation and inflammation, which can exacerbate the imbalance between oxygen supply and myocardial energy needs. At the same time, the importance of troponin I, natriuretic peptide type B and C-reactive protein and creatinine, hypokalemia are highlighted. The central role is played by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the suppression of which enhances the local inflammatory response and fibrosis. Progression of infection is associated with stress cardiomyopathy and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. They note the possibility of reducing infection, protecting the heart from systolic dysfunction, and correcting stress-induced biological reactions of the body, in particular, by the action of low temperatures.
Problems and Improvement of the Current School Violence Prevention Act
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, An Kyong-Ok , Han Min-Hee
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 Pandemic that occurred in 2020 had a significant influence on the school lives of students. Due to the anti-gathering COVID rules and social distancing policy, students were allowed to take remote non-face-to-face classes and face-to-face classes at the same time. This led to the expansion of the learning space and the organic connection between the cyberspace and real-life classes/schools. It is easy to predict that such changes will have a huge influence on how students interact with each other and form new relationships. Meanwhile, it will also have a significant influence on the negative aspects, including school violence and bullying. Now that we are preparing for the post-COVID-19 era, it is necessary for us to predict the new types and trends of school violence/bullying that may occur in the changing school/educational environment and prepare new policies to cope with such issues.
Such changes in the learning environment are likely to have a great influence on inter-student interaction and communication. Naturally, it will also affect the various conflicts that may occur between students, especially school violence and bullying. Currently, one of the most well-known law related to school violence is the 「Act on the Prevention of and Countermeasures Against Violence in Schools」, also known as the ‘School Violence Prevention Act’. The main purpose of this study is to examine the actual trend of school violence from the year 2019 to 2022 (pre-COVID to post-COVID), examine the articles and limitations of the ‘School Violence Prevention Act’, and propose new ways to improve the ‘School Violence Prevention Act’.
Prawo naturalne a wady zgody małżeńskiej
Authors: Bar OFMConv Wiesław
Published: January 2023

The article consists of three parts in which the following topics are presented: 1) natural law, 2) invalidity of matrimonial consent, and 3) „and”.In the first part the author focuses on the state of the present study on natural law in the Church and in the Catholic academic centers. The impulse for the research came from John Paul II’s speech, from 6th Feb. 2004, to participants of the session of the  Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.Next part includes the classification of the causes of invalidity of matrimonial consent. The special attention was paid to the  discussion about the origin of canons: 1098 and 1103 CIC 1983.At the end of the article, the author analyzes the relation, contained in the title of the article that obtains between natural law and invalidity of matrimonial consent. The deliberation took into consideration some circumstances in which matrimonial consent is  expressed such as: respect for nature law, ethical order, and legal protection of act of will.