bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study of Changes in Occupational Therapy Students’ Perspectives on Frames of Reference
Authors: Nash Brittany Hoffer , Mitchell Anita Witt
Published: July 2017

We explored students’ views of the value of frames of reference (FoR) as they progressed through the didactic portion of an occupational therapy program. Thirty-four occupational therapy students were provided with a definition of FoR and asked to provide overall thoughts and impressions about FoR and their value 4 times over a period of 15 mo. Data were analyzed using phenomenological traditions, including open coding and analysis of themes. Throughout the program, students’ understanding of how to use FoR evolved as they learned to implement them in practice. Opinions of the use of FoR seemed to be influenced by the students’ perceptions of the use of FoR by their Level I fieldwork supervisors. Themes from the narrative data are described and their implications discussed.
International Educational Interactions and Students’ Critical Consciousness: A Pilot Study
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , Grajo Lenin C.
Published: July 2017

Online technologies facilitate connections between students around the world, but their impact on occupational science and occupational therapy students’ critical consciousness about culture is underexplored. In this article we present research on five groups of occupational science and occupational therapy students across two cohorts at one Midwestern university. We used a pretest–posttest group design and the Multicultural Experiences Questionnaire to investigate the potential influence of students’ exposure to international educational interactions on their multicultural experiences and desires. Of 157 students surveyed, those who experienced the greatest number of international educational interactions demonstrated statistically significant increases in their desire to become acquainted with other people of different backgrounds and to explore their own prejudices and biases. Given the transformative potential of international educational interactions, future research must assess the ways in which such interactions affect critical cultural consciousness apart from other educational content and design.
Carcass and meat quality characteristics of lambs reared in different seasons
Authors: Yalcintan Hulya , Ekiz Bulent , Kocak Omur , Dogan Nursen , Akin P. Dilara , Yilmaz Alper
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were used to determine the effects of rearing season (winter rearing – WR; spring–summer rearing – SSR; and autumn rearing – AR) on carcass and meat quality characteristics. Average daily gain in the period 0–134 days, final weight, cold carcass weight and real dressing percentage were higher in WR lambs than lambs from SSR and AR groups. Furthermore, SSR and AR lambs did not show significant differences for these traits (P  >  0.05). WR lambs had the highest values in terms of back fat thickness, subjective carcass fatness score and fat percentage in pelvic limb, which gives information about the carcass fatness. Final meat pH, expressed juice and meat lightness 1 h after cutting were higher for SSR lambs than for WR and AR lambs. SSR lambs had the lowest scores in terms of flavour intensity, flavour quality and overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation panel. In conclusion, WR lambs yielded better carcass quality than SSR and AR lambs. When the rearing season is to be decided, the higher carcass quality of WR lambs and the lesser appreciation of meat of SSR lambs by consumers should be considered.
Characterization of individual ice nuclei by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region
Authors: Iwata Ayumi , Matsuki Atsushi
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In order to better characterize ice-nucleating (IN) aerosol particles in the atmosphere, we investigated the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of atmospheric aerosols that nucleate ice under conditions relevant for mixed phase clouds. Five standard mineral dust samples (quartz, K-feldspar, Na-feldspar, Arizona test dust, and Asian dust source particles) were compared with actual aerosol particles collected from the west coast of Japan (Kanazawa City) during Asian dust events in February and April 2016. Following droplet activation by particles deposited 5 on a hydrophobic Si wafer substrate under supersaturated air, individual IN particles were located using an optical microscope by gradually cooling the temperature to −30 °C. For the aerosol samples, both the IN active particles and non-active particles were analyzed individually by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Heterogeneous ice nucleation in all standard mineral dust samples tested in this study was observed at consistently higher temperatures (−25.7 °C) than the homogeneous freezing temperature (−36.5 °C). Meanwhile, most of the IN active atmospheric particles formed ice below −28 °C and were found to be IN active, but slower than the standard mineral dust samples of pure components. The most abundant IN active particles above −30 °C were predominantly irregular solid particles that showed clay mineral characteristics (or mixtures of several mineral components). Other than clay, Ca-rich particles internally mixed with other components, such as sulfate, were also regarded as IN active particle types. Moreover, sea salt particles were predominantly found in the non-active fraction, and internal mixing with sea salt clearly acted as a significant inhibiting agent for the ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles. Also, relatively pure or fresh calcite, Ca(NO3)2, and (NH4)2SO4 particles were more often found in the non-active fraction. In this study, we demonstrated the capability of the combined single droplet freezing method and thorough individual particle analysis to characterize the ice nucleation activity of atmospheric aerosols. We also found that dramatic changes in the particle mixing states during long-range transport had a complex effect on the ice nucleation activity of the host aerosol particles. A case study in the Asian dust outflow region highlighted the need to consider particle mixing states, which can dramatically influence ice nucleation activity.
Ultraviolet Radiation modelling from ground based and satellite measurements at Reunion Island, Southern Tropics
Authors: Lamy Kévin , Portafaix Thierry , Brogniez Colette , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Bencherif Hassan , Morel Béatrice , Pazmino Andrea , Metzger Jean Marc , Auriol Frédérique , Deroo Christine , Duflot Valentin , Goloub Philippe , Long Charles N.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Surface ultraviolet radiation (SUR) is not an increasing concern after the implementation of the Montreal Protocol and the recovery of the ozone layer (Morgenstern et al., 2008). However large uncertainties remain in the prediction of the future changes of SUR (Bais et al., 2015). It has long been known that its variability depends on ozone levels and also on clouds, aerosol and albedo. It is therefore essential to monitor its evolution in the context of global change. Unfortunately, there are few ground-based stations measuring surface UV irradiance in the southern tropics and particularly in the Indian Ocean, and long-term time series are required to study SUR variability and its relationship to ozone and to detect trends. Reunion Island is located in the tropics (21° S, 55° E), in a part of the world where the amount of ozone in the ozone column is naturally low. In addition, this island is mountainous and the marine atmosphere is often clean with low aerosol concentrations. Thus, measurements show much higher SUR than at other sites at the same latitude or at mid-latitudes. Several studies pointed out that UV-B impacts the biosphere (Erickson III et al., 2015), especially aquatic system, which plays a central part in biogeochemical cycle (Hader et al., 2007). It can affect phytoplankton productivity (Smith and Cullen, 1995). This influence can result in either positive or negative feedback on climate (Zepp et al., 2007). In order to quantify the future evolution of SUR in the tropics, it is necessary to validate a model against present observations. This study is designed to be a preliminary parametric and sensitivity study of SUR modelling in the tropics. Ground-based measurements of SUR have been performed at Reunion Island by a BENTHAM DTMc300 spectroradiometer since 2009. This instrument is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). In this study, we used the UltraViolet Index in order to quantify SUR radiation integratively.
A 4.5 km resolution Arctic Ocean simulation with the global
multi-resolution model FESOM1.4
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wekerle Claudia , Danilov Sergey , Wang Xuezhu , Jung Thomas
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In the framework of developing a global modeling system which can facilitate modeling studies on Arctic Ocean and high-mid latitude linkage, we evaluate the Arctic Ocean simulated by the multi-resolution ocean sea-ice model FESOM. To explore the value of using high horizontal resolution for Arctic Ocean modeling, we use two global meshes differing in the horizontal resolution only in the Arctic Ocean (24 km vs. 4.5 km). The high resolution significantly improves the model's representation of the Arctic Ocean. The most pronounced improvement is in the Arctic intermediate layer, in terms of both Atlantic Water (AW) mean state and variability. The deepening and thickening bias of the AW layer, a common issue found in coarse resolution simulations, is significantly alleviated by using higher resolution. The topographic steering of the AW is stronger and the seasonal and interannual temperature variability along the ocean bottom topography is enhanced in the high resolution simulation. The high resolution also improves the ocean surface circulation, mainly through a better representation of the narrow straits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The representation of CAA throughflow not only influences the release of water masses through the other gateways, but also the circulation pathways inside the Arctic Ocean. However, the mean state and variability of Arctic freshwater content and the variability of freshwater transport through the Arctic gateways appear not to be very sensitive to the increase in resolution employed here. We also discuss model issues that are not directly linked to resolution, highlighting the need for further model development including improving parameterizations.
Estimations of statistical dependence as joint return period modulator of compound events. Part I: storm surge and wave height
Authors: Petroliagkis Thomas I.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The possibility of utilising statistical dependence methods in coastal flood hazard calculations is investigated, since flood risk is rarely a function of just one source variable but usually two or more. Source variables in most cases are not independent as they may be driven by the same weather event, so their dependence, which is capable of modulating their joint return period, has to be estimated before the calculation of their joint probability. Dependence and correlation may differ substantially from one another since dependence is focused heavily on tail (extreme) percentiles. The statistical analysis between surge and wave is performed over 32 river ending points along European coasts. Two sets of almost 35-year hindcasts of storm surge and wave height were adapted and results are presented by means of analytical tables and maps referring to both correlation and statistical dependence values. Further, the top 80 compound events were defined for each river ending point. Their frequency of occurrence was found to be distinctly higher during the cold months while their main low-level flow characteristics appear to be mainly in harmony with the transient nature of storms and their tracks. Overall, significantly strong values of positive correlations and dependencies were found over the Irish Sea, English Channel, south coasts of the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Baltic Sea, with compound events taking place in a zero-lag mode. For the rest, mostly positive moderate dependence values were estimated even if a considerable number of them had correlations of almost zero or even negative value.
LIETUVOS SVEIKATOS MOKSLŲ UNIVERSITETO LIGONINĖS
KAUNO KLINIKŲ GASTROENTEROLOGIJOS KLINIKOJE
ATLIKTŲ KEPENŲ BIOPSIJŲ INDIKACIJŲ IR
HISTOLOGINIŲ IŠVADŲ TAPATUMAS
Authors: Vaidachovičiūtė Brigita , Šemeklis Lukas , Rimšelytė Sandra
Published: July 2017

Kepenų biopsija yra svarbus intervencinis tyrimo
metodas diagnozuojant ir gydant kepenų ligas. Pagrindinės
kepenų biopsijos indikacijos yra įtariamos
kepenų ligos nustatymas, jau diagnozuotos kepenų
ligos stadijos ir prognozės įvertinimas bei gydymo
efektyvumo vertinimas. Atliekant vis daugiau perkutaninių
kepenų biopsijų kasdieninėje praktikoje
svarbu įvertinti kepenų biopsijų indikacijų pagrįstumą
bei diagnozių patvirtinimo dažnį.
Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti 2013-2016 metais Lietuvos
sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų
Gastroenterologijos skyriuje atliktų perkutaninių
kepenų biopsijų indikacijas ir histologinių išvadų
tapatumą.
Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyviai išanalizuotos
515 pacientų, kuriems 2013-2016 m. laikotarpiu
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės
Kauno klinikų Gastroenterologijos skyriuje buvo atliktos
perkutaninės kepenų biopsijos ultragarso kontrolėje,
ligos istorijų ir atliktų tyrimų duomenys. Iš
medicininės dokumentacijos rinkti duomenys apie pacientų
amžių, lytį, nustatytą klinikinę ir gretutines diagnozes
bei perkutaninės kepenų biopsijos rezultatus.
Rezultatai. Histologinė išvada 67,96 proc. (N=350)
atvejų patvirtino klinikinę diagnozę, 29,32 proc.
(N=151) atvejų klinikinė diagnozė buvo nepatvirtinta
ar paneigta, 2,72 proc. (N=14) bioptatų buvo mažai
informatyvūs. Židininių pokyčių grupėje (79,48
proc., N=182) histologinė išvada buvo patvirtinta
dažniau nei difuzinių pokyčių grupėje (58,87 proc.,
N=156), p<0,0001.
Išvados. Histologinė išvada dažniausiai patvirtino
preliminarią klinikinę diagnozę.
Klinikinė diagnozė dažniau buvo patvirtinama histologine
išvada židininių kepenų pakitimų grupėje nei
difuzinių kepenų pakitimų grupėje.
Faustino Ribeiro Junior: versões e controvérsias médicas em Salvador no limiar do século XX.
Authors: Da Rocha Rafael Rosa , Oliveira Marcelo Souza
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta e analisa os variados olhares e significados apresentados pelos periódicos baianos Diário de Notícias, A Bahia, Jornal de Notícia e Correio do Brasil, acerca da prática curativa de Faustino Ribeiro Junior (1870-19??) em Salvador, em 1903. Professor Faustino, como ficou conhecido, foi um famoso curandeiro que utilizava a imposição das mãos como prática curativa. Os periódicos em sua maioria saíram na ofensiva contra Faustino. Essa foi a posição do Diário de Notícias, A Bahia e Correio do Brasil. O único a se posicionar em favor do curandeiro foi o Jornal de Notícias. Tais posicionamentos tem relação com suas posições políticas partidárias, no caso dos primeiros, e religiosas, no caso do segundo. A discussão em torno das leituras que a imprensa baiana fez sobre Faustino abre a possibilidade para se discutir o prestígio alcançado por um “curandeiro” perseguido pela Inspeção Geral de Higiene, instigada por alguns periódicos, e compreender a partir deste viés os embates em torno do jogo político baiano.
Epidemias como notícias de jornais: os casos da febre amarela e do cólera no Espírito Santo oitocentista (C.1849-1856)
Authors: Nogueira André Luis Lima , Franco Sebastião Pimentel
Published: July 2017

Esse artigo discute como o Correio da Victória – o único jornal da província do Espírito Santo à época – noticiou a passagem da febre amarela e do cólera. Buscamos sublinhar as similitudes e diferenças com que o veículo tratava as duas epidemias e informava aos seus leitores e demais indivíduos que tomavam contato com seu conteúdo sobre os sintomas, formas de contágio e possibilidades de prevenção, não raro fazendo eco, aos conceitos e demandas da medicina douta do período. Interessa-nos também, ainda que em segundo plano, enfatizar como o Jornal trazia sugestões de tratamentos para “prevenir” ou “remediar” essas temidas epidemias.
Saúde, doenças e óbitos dos africanos livres na fábrica de ferro Ipanema- Sorocaba-SP (1840-1870)
Authors: Oliveira Silva Lúcia Helena , Ribeiro Mariana Alice Pereira Schatzer
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo busca analisar a questão da saúde, doenças e óbitos dos africanos livres pertencentes à Real Fábrica de Ferro São João do Ipanema, em Sorocaba-SP, entre os anos de 1840 a 1870. O empreendimento imperial foi criado através da Carta Régia de 1810, assinada por D. João VI, cujos objetivos eram dinamizar a economia, bem como a ocupação do interior da Província de São Paulo. Assim, observaremos as principais enfermidades sofridas pela mão-de-obra, como por exemplo: o escorbuto, as bexigas (varíola), boubas e febres; além das condições médico-sanitárias em seus postos de trabalho. Por fim, mais do que compreender acerca das práticas de saúde, essas abordagens revelam inclusive, as tensões, conflitos e negociações na sociedade escravista
OLHARES CONTEMPORÂNEOS DE SEBASTIÃO UCHOA LEITE E JOAQUIM MANUEL MAGALHÃES
Authors: Alves Ida
Published: July 2017

No âmbito do grupo de pesquisa Poéticas da Contemporaneidade (UFF/ CNPq), temos procurado desenvolver estudos comparativos entre a escrita poética portuguesa e a brasileira, com a discussão intensificada sobre lirismo, subjetividade e visualidade. Assim, este trabalho provoca o diálogo entre o poeta Joaquim Manuel Magalhães, nome fundamental para compreensão da poesia portuguesa a partir dos anos 70, e Sebastião Uchoa Leite, poeta dos mais referenciados no panorama contemporâneo da poesia brasileira. Buscamos examinar em suas obras como o olhar se estrutura como ação crítica sobre o mundo, formulando temas próprios a uma realidade urbana de grande contradições sociais, culturais e identitárias, onde a paisagem é ausente ou desfigurada.
The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Suryati Suryati , Baga Irfani
Published: July 2017

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.
In Vitro Regeneration of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) from Cotyledonary Node Explants
Authors: Tesfaye Diriba , Bantte Kassahun , Tadesse Tewodros
Published: July 2017

Full potential of grass pea has not been utilized because of the presence of the neurotoxin amino acid β-N-oxalyl-L-αβ -diaminopropionic acid (ODAP/BOAA). Conventional breeding and other approaches have not been successful in reducing the toxin. Integration of in vitro techniques can contribute significantly to meet the challenge. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro regeneration capacity of grass pea genotypes. Shoot initiation, multiplication and rooting of IVAT-LS-690 were conducted using completely randomized design with five replications. Genotypes were treated with BAP and NAA for shoot initiation while BAP and Kn Combination were used for multiplication. Different concentrations of IBA and IAA were used for rooting. Shoot proliferation percentage was the highest (100%) for IVAT-LS-690,on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 2.0 mg/l BAP +0.1 mg/lNAA.For in vitro shoot multiplication, best results were obtained on concentrations of 3mg/l BAP+1mg/l Kn with maximum shoot number per explants (11.5). High number of roots per shoot (6) and percent of rooted shoot (86.66%) were obtained from ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. This study inferred that both genotype and BAP levels play a crucial role for shoot regeneration capacity and the optimum hormonal combination for grass pea is genotype specific.
African Philosophy Reconsidered: Africa, Religion, Race, and Philosophy
Authors: Ogunnaike Oludamini
Published: July 2017

The still-nascent academic discipline of African philosophy has spent most of its energy and ink wrestling with issues of authenticity (what makes it “African”) and validity (what makes it “philosophy”). In this article, I argue for a reconsideration of these categories—“African” and “philosophy”—by tracing the closely related history of their development. Then, on the basis of this genealogy and after critiquing some of the most influential academic attempts to engage with African religious/intellectual traditions (by Evans-Pritchard, Horton, Wiredu, Appiah, Hountondji, and Mudimbe), I propose an alternative framework for approaching and understanding the intellectual traditions of the continent. Drawing on Pierre Hadot's work on ancient philosophy, I argue that the vast majority of religious/intellectual traditions in Africa are better described by the “philosophy as a way of life” paradigm exemplified by the ancient Greeks and Neoplatonists than the “philosophy as written, rational discourse” model of the Enlightenment. I conclude by exploring the implications of this reconsideration of “African philosophy” for our academic approach to African religious/intellectual traditions, theory, and methodology in the social sciences and humanities, and our understandings of race, rationality, progress, and development.
How Can We Sing King Alpha's Song in a Strange Land? The Sacred Music of the Boboshanti Rastafari
Authors: Merritt Anthony
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the sacred music of the Boboshanti, a Rastafari order founded in Jamaica in 1958. The music of the Boboshanti—its drumming, chanting, and singing—is similar to that of the more well-known Nyahbinghi Order with which most researchers of Rastafari are familiar, but it has its own distinct and unique characteristics. The focus of this contribution will be twofold. First, as enumerated by Ikael Tafari in Rastafari in Transition (2001), the drumming will be contextualized as a cultural trilectic that incorporates the three geopolitical dimensions of Ethiopia, continental Africa, and the Caribbean/American diaspora. Second, and unique to this order, the individual and congregational chanting, coupled with the structured hymnody and singing, is explored and delineated as Garvey's ontological viewing of the Godhead “through the spectacles of Ethiopia” (Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey 44, 1923).
The Horrifying Sacred: Hip-Hop, Blackness, and the Figure of the Monster
Authors: Winters Joseph
Published: July 2017

In this article, I examine the intersection of two trajectories of thought and practice regarding the relationship between the sacred and the monstrous. One trajectory includes authors like George Bataille who, contrary to those who define the sacred in terms of purity and order, associate the sacred with those forces and energies that can be horrifying and anguish-filled. The other trajectory includes Black authors and artists like Christina Sharpe who have responded to a white supremacist legacy of associating Black bodies with the monstrous, with excessive flesh, with that space between the human and the animal. Black bodies have traditionally been marked as “matter out of place,” as that dirt that resists form (like the monster). In this essay, I look at Black music, particularly hip-hop and reggae, as a space where the relationship between the monster figure and monstrosity is reexpressed and visualized.
BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS POR ORGANOCLORADOS MEDIANTE LA ESTIMULACIÓN DE MICROORGANISMOS AUTÓCTONOS, UTILIZANDO BIOSÓLIDOS
Authors: Durán Acosta L.F. , Ladera Hernández M.J.
Published: July 2017

La presente investigación evaluó el proceso de biorremediación de plaguicidas organoclorados en un suelo del aeródromo agrícola “El Picacho” del Departamento de Chinandega, Nicaragua, en el que se registran grandes concentraciones de toxafeno. Se empleó la técnica de bioestimulación en el proceso de biorremediación, utilizando biosólidos como fuente de nutrientes esenciales para los microorganismos. El diseño experimental constó de 2 bloques completamente aleatorizados, cada uno con 3 unidades experimentales, contemplando 6 microcosmos de suelo. A cada tratamiento se agregó diferentes proporciones de biosólido estableciendo relaciones suelo: biosólido de 71:29 y 77:23. Al finalizar los tratamientos se obtuvieron porcentajes de remediación entre 84% y 69% respectivamente. Esto evidencia la efectividad de los biosólidos como fuente de nutrientes para la estimulación metabólica de microorganismos autóctonos en el proceso de biorremediación de suelos contaminados con toxafeno.
A new approach to defining rotation ages on the basis of productive and technological aspects. Application to natural Pinus sylvestris L. stands in Central Spain
Authors: Rojo-Alboreca Alberto , García-Villabrille Juan D. , Corral-Rivas José J. , Alía Ricardo , Montero Gregorio
Published: July 2017

Aim of study: To propose a new approach to defining rotation ages on the basis of productive and technological aspects and to present an example of application of the methodology to natural Pinus sylvestris stands in relation to silvicultural treatment (light or heavy thinning) and site index.Area of study: Central Spain.Material and methods: We assumed that the price per m3 of logwood suitable for veneer is four times higher than logwood not apt for veneer. Considering the yield distribution for different technological and commercial classes, a model of diameter distributions and yield tables, the variation in an average price index for different age classes, site indexes and silvicultural treatments was calculated. The age at which the price index rises by less than 3%, the proportion of trees with d.b.h. higher than 40 cm, and other aspects such as the possible presence of fungal decay in old-growth stands were also taken into account to establish three criteria for defining rotation ages.Main results: The proposed methodology generates a wide range of rotation ages between 100 and 140 years for lightly thinned stands, and between 90 and 140 years for heavily thinned stands, depending on the site index.Research highlights: The proposed approach is based on technological and productive criteria, with the limitations imposed by sanitary risks. The methodology can be applied to generate rotation ages in relation to different site indexes and silvicultural treatments, provided that the timber market prices and the yield distribution for different technological and commercial classes are known, and that a model of diameter distributions and yield tables are available.
Assessment of crown fire initiation and spread models in Mediterranean conifer forests by using data from field and laboratory experiments
Authors: Rodríguez y Silva Francisco , Guijarro Mercedes , Madrigal Javier , Jiménez Enrique , Molina Juan R. , Hernando Carmen , Vélez Ricardo , Vega Jose A.
Published: July 2017

Aims of study: To conduct the first full-scale crown fire experiment carried out in a Mediterranean conifer stand in Spain; to use different data sources to assess crown fire initiation and spread models, and to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation.Area of study: The Sierra Morena mountains (Coordinates ETRS89 30N: X: 284793-285038; Y: 4218650-4218766), southern Spain, and the outdoor facilities of the Lourizán Forest Research Centre, northwestern Spain.Material and methods: The full-scale crown fire experiment was conducted in a young Pinus pinea stand. Field data were compared with data predicted using the most used crown fire spread models. A small-scale experiment was developed with Pinus pinaster trees to evaluate the role of convection in crown fire initiation. Mass loss calorimeter tests were conducted with P. pinea needles to estimate residence time of the flame, which was used to validate the crown fire spread model.Main results: The commonly used crown fire models underestimated the crown fire spread rate observed in the full-scale experiment, but the proposed new integrated approach yielded better fits. Without wind-forced convection, tree crowns did not ignite until flames from an intense surface fire contacted tree foliage. Bench-scale tests based on radiation heat flux therefore offer a limited insight to full-scale phenomena.Research highlights: Existing crown fire behaviour models may underestimate the rate of spread of crown fires in many Mediterranean ecosystems. New bench-scale methods based on flame buoyancy and more crown field experiments allowing detailed measurements of fire behaviour are needed. p>ERRATUM PDF
A review of thinning effects on Scots pine stands: From growth and yield to new challenges under global change
Authors: Del Río Miren , Bravo-Oviedo Andrés , Pretzsch Hans , Löf Magnus , Ruiz-Peinado Ricardo
Published: July 2017

Aim of the study: Thinning experiments in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands have been carried out for many years in different regions of its distribution. The aim of this paper is to gather knowledge regarding the effects of thinning on Scots pine stands, from the effects on growth and yield to the provision of ecosystem services in the context of climate change.Area of study: The review covers studies from different regions of the distribution area of Scots pineMaterial and methods: We reviewed the effect of thinning on four aspects: growth and yield, stability against snow and wind, response to drought, and ecosystem services.Main results: Heavy thinning involves a loss in volume yield, although the magnitude depends on the region, site and stand age. Thinning generally does not affect dominant height while the positive effect on tree diameter depends on the thinning regime. The stability of the stand against snow and wind is lower after the first thinning and increases in the long term. The impact of extreme droughts on tree growth is lower in thinned stands, which is linked to a better capacity to recover after the drought. Thinning generally reduces the wood quality, litter mass, and stand structural diversity, while having neutral or positive effects on other ecosystem services, although these effects can vary depending on the thinning regime. However, scarce information is available for most of the ecosystem services.Research highlight: Existing thinning experiments in Scots pine stands provided valuable information about thinning effects, but new experiments which cover a broad range of ecosystem services under different site conditions are still needed.
Emancipación residencial y sistema de provisión de vivienda: la heterogeneidad autonómica del modelo español
Authors: Echaves García Antonio
Published: July 2017

La emancipación residencial en España no es ajena a las característicasdel contexto de vivienda en el que se desarrolla. Como proceso, laemancipación no depende únicamente de atributos individuales de losjóvenes, sino que además se explica por un sistema de provisióncaracterizado por el predominio de la vivienda libre en propiedad (endetrimento del alquiler) y elevados precios que, en cualquier caso,suponen esfuerzos de acceso excesivos para el colectivo juvenil.Recurriendo a fuentes como la EPA y los Censos de Viviendas (2001 y2011), el presente artículo constata la existencia de heterogeneidadinterna, argumentando que las características diferenciales en elrégimen de tenencia de las viviendas principales y en los esfuerzos deacceso a la vivienda libre, desde una perspectiva autonómicacomparada, están incidiendo en la emancipación.
Transmuted Mukherjee-Islam Distribution: A Generalization of Mukherjee-Islam Distribution
Authors: A. Al-Zou'bi Loai M.
Published: July 2017

A new continuous distribution is proposed in this paper. This distribution is a generalization of Mukherjee-Islam distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map. It is called transmuted Mukherjee-Islam distribution (TMID). We have studied many properties of the new distribution: Reliability and hazard rate functions. The descriptive statistics: mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis are also studied. Maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the distribution parameters. Order statistics and Renyi and Tsallis entropies were also calculated. Furthermore, the quantile function and the median are calculated.
Criminaliteit en criminologie in een gedigitaliseerde wereld
Authors: van Erp Judith , Stol Wouter , van Wilsem Johan
Published: July 2017

Crime and criminology in a digital world

This special issue introduces the topic of cybercrime to Dutch criminology. First, it raises the major substantive issues that computer technology involves for criminology, in terms of crime volume, people involved in crime, and the ways that crimes are committed. Also, it deals with research literature on cybercrime on various topics, such as survey methodology, crime prevention and Internet applications open to justice professionals in the fight against crime. Overall, the article concludes that much research remains to be done in this relatively new field.
Verschillen crackers van andere criminelen?
Authors: Ruiter Stijn , Bernaards Frank
Published: July 2017

Do crackers differ from other criminals? A comparison based on Dutch criminal suspect records

Scientific research on cybercrime has mainly focused on its technological aspects. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the human factor in cybercrime. In this article we focus on the human factor and address the question to what extent crackers (criminal hackers) are similar to other criminals. We analyse socio-demographic characteristics as well as criminal careers of crackers in comparison to those of other criminals. We employ Dutch police data on criminal suspects from 1996-2009. Our results show that hacking suspects are quite similar to other criminals with respect to both socio-demographic characteristics and their criminal careers.
En ny al-Gaddafi? Feltmarskalk Khalifa Haftar
Authors: Gråtrud Henrik
Published: July 2017

Den tidligere libyske offiseren Khalifa Haftar har etablert seg som den sterkeste aktøren i Libya. Hvordan klarte han å manøvrere seg frem til en maktposisjon etter den libyske revolusjonen? Hva er hans langsiktige mål, og hvordan har det påvirket situasjonen i Libya? Hvordan vil aktiviteten hans påvirke situasjonen i landet i tiden fremover?
Bones, blood and steel: How bioelectrical impedance analysis is affected by hip fracture and surgical implants
Authors: Steihaug Ole Martin , Bogen Bård , Kristoffersen Målfrid Holen , Ranhoff Anette Hylen
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is in widespread use, but there is uncertainty about its validity in patients with metal implants or after acute hip fracture and surgery. We aimed to investigate the use of single frequency tetrapolar BIA in patients with hip fracture by answering the following questions: 1) Are BIA measurements affected by recent hip fracture and surgical repair? 2) Are BIA measurements affected by the presence of metal implants used in hip fracture surgery?

Setting

Two hospitals in Bergen, Norway.

Participants

A convenience sample of 203 acute hip fracture patients.

Methods

Participants had their body composition measured by single frequency, tetrapolar BIA on the fractured and unfractured side of the body in the immediate postoperative period and at follow-up three months after hip fracture. Measurements from fractured and unfractured side and measurements in hospital and at follow-up were compared. BIA readings for hips treated with cannulated screws, compression hip screw and hip arthroplasty were compared.

Results

Resistance was lower on the side of the fractured hip compared to the unfractured side postoperatively, but not at follow-up. BIA readings did not differ by type of surgical implant.

Conclusion

Recent fracture and surgery influences single frequency tetrapolar BIA resistance. The presence of surgical implants in the hip do not affect BIA measurements. If BIA is used in acute hip fracture patients, the contralateral side to the fracture should be measured.
Přinesla „Pospíšilova“ reforma kárného řízení skutečně zpřísnění kárného postihu českých soudců?
Authors: Kosař David , Papoušková Tereza
Published: July 2017

Cílem tohoto článku je posoudit důsledky zavedení nového modelu kárného řízení se soudci prosazenou ministrem spravedlnosti Jiřím Pospíšilem v roce 2008. „Pospíšilova reforma“ (zákon č. 314/2008 Sb.) přenesla kárné řízení na Nejvyšší správní soud, zavedla jednoinstanční kárné řízení se soudci, zakotvila smíšené složení kárných senátů s paritním zastoupením soudců a nesoudců a v mnoha ohledech zpřísnila kárné řízení (např. zvýšením sankcí, prodloužením subjektivních i objektivních lhůt pro podání kárné žaloby a zakotvením institutu „třikrát a dost!“). Na české poměry se jednalo o revoluční změnu. Nebylo tedy překvapením, že soudci okamžitě Pospíšilovu reformu kárného řízení označili za „sankční“ novelu a napadli ji před Ústavním soudem. Ústavní soud jim však nevyhověl a Pospíšilův model přetrval bez výrazné změny dodnes. Můžeme tak posoudit, zda Pospíšilova reforma skutečně přinesla očekávané zpřísnění kárného postihu českých soudců či nikoliv. Za tímto účelem tento článek porovnává výsledky kárných řízení se soudci zahájených před Pospíšilovou reformou v letech 2003-2008 s výsledky kárných řízení se soudci zahájených po Pospíšilově reformě v letech 2009-2014. Hlavním závěrem naší kvantitativní studie je, že v rozporu s očekáváním tvůrců Pospíšilovy reformy, ke zpřísnění kárného postihu českých soudců ve střednědobém horizontu v drtivé většině ukazatelů nedošlo. Po implementaci Pospíšilově reformy totiž poklesl počet kárných návrhů, nominálně i percentuálně poklesl počet kárných návrhů, v nichž bylo uloženo kárné opatření, poklesl počet soudců „donucených k odložení taláru“ (tj. součet soudců odvolaných z funkce soudce kárným soudem a soudců, jež na funkci soudce rezignovali v průběhu kárného řízení) a poklesla i celková úspěšnost kárných navrhovatelů.
Politizace institutu ústavní odpovědnosti jako jedna z příčin současné ústavní krize v Polsku
Authors: Tomoszek Maxim
Published: July 2017

Odborný diskurz se při analýze příčin současné ústavní krize v Polsku zaměřuje na problematiku jmenování soudců Ústavního tribunálu. Tyto problémy jsou však buď jen bezprostřední příčinou, nebo dokonce spíše projevy současné krize ústavnosti, a vyplývají z komplexnějších nedostatků, jimiž polský ústavní systém trpí již delší dobu. Jedním z nich je změna v chápání institut ústavní odpovědnosti a z toho plynoucí oslabení respektu ústavních činitelů k ústavnosti a principům demokratického právního státu. Cílem předkládaného textu je tuto základní tezi podrobněji vymezit a argumentačně a analyticky podpořit. Nejprve uvedu pro českého čtenáře potřebný kontext vymezením základních prvků polského modelu ústavní odpovědnosti a jejich srovnáním s českou úpravou, poté podrobně analyzuji parlamentní fázi řízení o ústavní odpovědnosti proti Zbigniewu Ziobrovi a její důsledky pro aktuální ústavní vývoj, zejména s cílem zdokumentovat politizaci procesu vyvození ústavní odpovědnosti.
The Transferable Power of Polemic: Antoine Arnauld's Arrainment of the whole societie of Jesuites in Fraunce (1594) and Anti-Jesuit Sentiment in France and England
Authors: Baxter Carol
Published: July 2017

This article argues that the translation of Arnauld's Plaidoyé as the English Arrainment is a dynamic example of cultural transfer in which translation occurs because it confirms the prejudices of the audience for which it is translated. The speed with which Arnauld's
polemic was translated illustrates the interest of the English establishment in a text which extolled monarchical authority and castigated those privileging religious loyalty over the duty owed to the monarch. The article examines the ways in which the process of translation fundamentally
changes meanings and understandings because of the differing context in which the translated text appears. Arnauld's polemic was primarily intended to support a fragile monarchy against a powerful religious institution. However, in England, its appearance may have served instead to inflame
anti-Jesuit sentiment, thus contributing to a very hostile environment for Jesuits in England.
De la planification stratégique régionale à la prospective en Outaouais : la difficile construction d’un nouveau rapport au temps
Authors: ROBITAILLE Martin , CHIASSON Guy , GAUTHIER Mario
Published: July 2017

À partir d’une analyse du cas Prospective Outaouais 2030, nous nous interrogeons sur les possibilités et les défis de la prospective dans le contexte d’une région dominée par une culture de planification stratégique régionale. Nous montrons tout d’abord que la planification stratégique et la prospective se démarquent sur le plan du rapport au temps : si la première privilégie des pratiques proches de l’action et inscrites dans le court terme, la seconde invite les acteurs du développement à se projeter à plus long terme. Ensuite, nous présentons les divers moments de la démarche suivie pour développer un exercice de prospective et une capacité de prise en compte du temps long dans la région de l’Outaouais. L’analyse de ces divers moments montre que la greffe d’une méthode prospective dans un terreau de planification stratégique régionale, même si elle est confrontée à des résistances, permet aussi d’ouvrir un dialogue et un espace de négociation en vue de construire, avec les acteurs, des scénarios inscrits dans le long terme sur la base d’une image partagée du territoire.
La naturalesa com a qüestió política: Alexander von Humboldt i les xarxes del poder
Authors: Lladó i Mas Bernat
Published: July 2017

La vida i l’obra del geògraf i naturalista prussià Alexander von Humboldt continua exercint avui dia una gran fascinació. Part d’aquesta es justifica perquè la seva figura concentra i sintetitza els moviments, les idees i, fins i tot, les grans contradiccions d’una època de canvis profunds com és l’Europa del segle XIX. Una d’aquestes grans contradiccions és la relació entre ciència i poder. Certament, mentre que d’una banda la ciència reclamava amb més força que mai la seva autonomia, el seu valor universal, la seva «puresa» i objectivitat, de l’altra quedava enredada sovint en qüestions de poder polític i econòmic. En una era en la qual els països europeus intensificaven la carrera pel control del món, la informació i el coneixement de la naturalesa significaven un posicionament d’avantguarda a l’hora d’afrontar aquest control. I és també en aquest context que podem situar la innovadora obra geogràfica d’Alexander von Humboldt.
MONOGRÀFIC Breu història de la paleogenòmica: De com una disciplina jove ha revolucionat l'estudi del passat
Authors: Lalueza-Fox Carles
Published: July 2017

En pocs anys, el camp del DNA antic ha passat de ser una disciplina anecdòtica i artesanal a convertir-se en un dels camps científics més dinàmics, que està generant dades genòmiques massives de centenars d’individus del passat. Aquests inclouen des d’hominins extingits com els neandertals o els denisovans fins a humans prehistòrics que ens informen del poblament recent dels continents. La paleogenòmica proporciona informació directa, en l’espai i en el temps, d’aspectes adaptatius i demogràfics de les poblacions humanes, i posa també de manifest patrons complexos de migracions passades que ens ajuden a entendre la diversitat actual. El desenvolupament que viu la disciplina és una oportunitat única per establir vincles col·laboratius amb arqueòlegs i antropòlegs i bastir així una visió autènticament multidisciplinària de l’estudi del passat.
‘Homo sapiens’: Qui som? Característiques essencials de la nostra espècie
Authors: Carbonell Eudald , Bermúdez de Castro José María , Sala Robert
Published: July 2017

En aquest article analitzem quins són els trets que conformen els humans actuals a partir de la seva gènesi. L’objectiu és caracteritzar l’evolució biològica i cultural de la humanitat en el marc evolutiu de les espècies del nostre gènere. Jerarquitzem quines són les característiques que ens distingeixen dins del regne animal: fabricar una gran diversitat d’eines, el control del foc, el llenguatge, el ritual funerari, etc. Hem de descobrir si realment l’augment de complexitat només es dóna en la nostra espècie o es tracta d’un procés pel qual altres espècies també han passat o passaran.
NFATc2 enhances tumor-initiating phenotypes through the NFATc2/SOX2/ALDH axis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Zhi-Jie , Liu Jing , Wang Si-Qi , Zhu Yun , Gao Xu-Yuan , Tin Vicky Pui-Chi , Qin Jing , Wang Jun-Wen , Wong Maria Pik
Published: July 2017

Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are dynamic cancer cell subsets that display enhanced tumor functions and resilience to treatment but the mechanism of TIC induction or maintenance in lung cancer is not fully understood. In this study, we show the calcium pathway transcription factor NFATc2 is a novel regulator of lung TIC phenotypes, including tumorspheres, cell motility, tumorigenesis, as well as in vitro and in vivo responses to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In human lung cancers, high NFATc2 expression predicted poor tumor differentiation, adverse recurrence-free and cancer-specific overall survivals. Mechanistic investigations identified NFATc2 response elements in the 3’ enhancer region of SOX2, and NFATc2/SOX2 coupling upregulates ALDH1A1 by binding to its 5’ enhancer. Through this axis, oxidative stress induced by cancer drug treatment is attenuated, leading to increased resistance in a mutation-independent manner. Targeting this axis provides a novel approach for the long-term treatment of lung cancer through TIC elimination.
A method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars
Authors: Macedo Silva Igor , Moioli Renan C.
Published: July 2017

Virtual reality (VR) applications have disseminated throughout several fields, with a special quest for immersion. The avatar is one of the key constituents of immersive applications, and avatar resemblance can provoke diverse emotional responses from the user. Yet a lot a virtual reality systems struggle to implement real life-like avatars. In this work, we propose a novel method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars using available commercial hardware and software. Avatar visualization is possible with a point-cloud or a contiguous polygon surface, and avatar interactions with the virtual scenario happens through a body joint-approximation for contact. In addition, the implementation could be easily extended to other systems and its modular architecture admits improvement both on visualization and physical interactions. The code is under Apache License 2.0 and is freely available as Supplemental Information 1 in this article.