bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of a mouse line with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Perez-Rivas L G , Rhayem Y , Sabrautzki S , Hantel C , Rathkolb B , Hrabě de Angelis M , Reincke M , Beuschlein F , Spyroglou A
Published: December 2016

In an attempt to define novel genetic loci involved in the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism, a mutagenesis screen after treatment with the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea was established for the parameter aldosterone. One of the generated mouse lines with hyperaldosteronism was phenotypically and genetically characterized. This mouse line had high aldosterone levels but normal creatinine and urea values. The steroidogenic enzyme expression levels in the adrenal gland did not differ significantly among phenotypically affected and unaffected mice. Upon exome sequencing, point mutations were identified in seven candidate genes (Sspo, Dguok, Hoxaas2, Clstn3, Atm, Tipin and Mapk6). Subsequently, animals were stratified into wild-type and mutated groups according to their genotype for each of these candidate genes. A correlation of their genotypes with the respective aldosterone, aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), urea and creatinine values as well as steroidogenic enzyme expression levels was performed. Aldosterone values were significantly higher in animals carrying mutations in four different genes (Sspo, Dguok, Hoxaas2 and Clstn3) and associated statistically significant adrenal Cyp11b2 overexpression as well as increased ARR was present only in mice with Sspo mutation. In contrast, mutations of the remaining candidate genes (Atm, Tipin and Mapk6) were associated with lower aldosterone values and lower Hsd3b6 expression levels. In summary, these data demonstrate association between the genes Sspo, Dguok, Hoxaas2 and Clstn3 and hyperaldosteronism. Final proofs for the causative nature of the mutations have to come from knock-out and knock-in experiments.
Bovine piRNA-like RNAs are associated with both transposable elements and mRNAs
Authors: Russell Stewart , Patel Mehool , Gilchrist Graham , Stalker Leanne , Gillis Daniel , Rosenkranz David , LaMarre Jonathan
Published: December 2016

PIWI proteins and their associated piRNAs have been the focus of intensive research in the past decade; therefore, their participation in the maintenance of genomic integrity during spermatogenesis has been well established. Recent studies have suggested important roles for the PIWI/piRNA system outside of gametogenesis, based on the presence of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in several somatic tissues, cancers, and the early embryo. Here, we investigated the small RNA complement present in bovine gonads, gametes, and embryos through next-generation sequencing. A distinct piRNA population was present in the testis as expected. However, we also found a large population of slightly shorter, 24–27 nt piRNA-like RNA (pilRNAs) in pools of oocytes and zygotes. These oocyte and embryo pilRNAs exhibited many of the canonical characteristics of piRNAs including a 1U bias, the presence of a ‘ping-pong’ signature, genomic clustering, and transposable element targeting. Some of the major transposons targeted by oocyte and zygote pilRNA were from the LINE RTE and ERV1 classes. We also identified pools of pilRNA potentially derived from, or targeted at, specific mRNA sequences. We compared the frequency of these gene-associated pilRNAs to the fold change in the expression of respective mRNAs from two previously reported transcriptome datasets. We observed significant negative correlations between the number of pilRNAs targeting mRNAs, and their fold change in expression between the 4–8 cell and 8–16 cell stages. Together, these results represent one of the first characterizations of the PIWI/piRNA pathway in the translational bovine model, and in the novel context of embryogenesis.
First record of the common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel, 1836 and distribution extension of Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 in the Galápagos
Authors: Torres-Carvajal Omar , Tapia Washington
Published: December 2016

Among introduced species in the Galápagos are three species of geckos – Gonatodes caudiscutatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Phyllodactylus reissii – occurring on the islands of Isabela, San Cristóbal, and Santa Cruz. Here we report the first record of a fourth invasive species of gecko from Isabela, as well as the first record of P. reissii from the same island.
Aves, Apodidae, Cypseloides senex (Temminck, 1826): geographical distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Samuel Lopes
Published: December 2016

The Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex occurs mainly in Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Little is known about the status of this species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. To fill this gap, several ornithologists and museum collections were consulted for records. This paper presents records for nine new localities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Cypseloides senex occurs along the central and northeast portions of the Planalto escarpment and the upper valley of the Uruguay River.
Effect of Steam Autoclaving on the Tensile Strength of Resin Cements Used for Bonding Two-Piece Zirconia Abutments
Authors: Fadanelli Marcos Alexandre , Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho do , Basting Roberta Tarkany , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Sotto-Maior Bruno Salles , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of steam autoclave sterilization on the tensile strength of two types of resin cements used to bond customized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments onto titanium bases. Forty sets of zirconia abutments cemented to screwed titanium bases of implants analogs were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Two groups were treated with a conventional chemically activated resin cement (ML, Multilink Ivoclar Vivadent) and the other two groups with a self-adhesive dual resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE). One group from each cement was submitted to steam autoclaving. The autoclave sterilization cycle was performed after 72 hours of cementation for 15 minutes at 121°C and 2.1 Kgf/cm2. The samples were subjected to tensile strength testing in a universal testing machine (200 Kgf, 0.5 mm/min), from which the means and standard deviations were obtained in Newtons. Results showed (via ANOVA and Tukey's test; α = 0.05) that in the absence of steam autoclaving, no difference was observed in tensile strength between the cements tested: ML: 344.87 (93.79) and U200: 280 (92.42) (P = .314). Steam autoclaving, however, significantly increased tensile strength for the ML: 465.42 (87.87) compared to U200: 289.10 (49.02) (P < .001). Despite the significant increase in the ML samples (P = .013), autoclaving did not affect the tensile strength of the U200 samples (P > 0.05). The authors concluded that steam autoclaving increases the mean tensile strength of the chemically activated cement compared to the dual-cure self-adhesive cement. The performance of both cements evaluated was similar if the sterilization step was disconsidered.
HIGHER ECONOMIC EDUCATION IN CONCEPTS OF SYNERGETIC PARADIGM NONLINEAR THINKING
Authors: Kichkiruk Tatiyana V.
Published: December 2016

The purpose is to investigate the potential of synergetic paradigm of nonlinear thinking to improve the quality of higher economic education in Ukraine. Methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, consistency, development of bottlenecks which allow investigating the existence of modern higher economic education in Ukraine due to the transitional stage of the country and worldwide globalization processes and crises associated with them. Scientific novelty. Synergetic paradigm nonlinear thinking is offered by the author as a promising alternative for getting out of this situation, to improve the quality of training in higher economic education. This will ensure that the conditions for the growth of the country's competitiveness internationally will improve the socio-economic situation in Ukraine. Conclusions. Modern economic education as a form of knowledge and learning requires active use of synergistic methods for its modernization and output to a new level of training future specialists and economists. In fact, synergy and self-organization becomes a modern paradigm of development and learning. Modern education strategy must reflect the ideas and principles of synergy.
RELIGIOUS COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURE MEDIA
Authors: Petrushkevych Maria S.
Published: December 2016

Purpose. The aim of the work is to determine the features of media culture that bind it with mass culture and mass communications and have the most significant effect on the general principles of the religious mass communication. In addition, the objective is to identify the skills system and traits of mass human that are necessary for using media culture. Methodology. The methodological basis is related to structuring, analytical analysis and synthesis of media features; highlighting phenomena that illustrate modern communicative situation; characteristics of media trends influence for the specific functioning of religious communication. Scientific novelty. Main part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the progressive media culture, mass-media and their main features, design of religious communication in this culture. Media gradually form the appearance of religious communication quietly, especially the mass one, they adapt the modern religious discourse to rates of transfer and perception of information. Modern believer gets a lot of different kinds of religious information, on any subject, any explanation of the religious question, with respect to any religion. Such volume of religious information and the speed with which a person receives it, does not usually make it religious or spiritually advanced, but only informed. Spiritual perfection and religious development, religious communication is possible only when the customer is aware of media culture and way of seeing the ultimate goal of such communications using the Mass Media. So far these mechanisms are perfectly designed in traditional religious communication. Phenomena, that reflects the dramatic changes in the communicative environment are: mediatization of body and mind, the new practice of processing / reading information, the phenomenon of simultaneous perception of a large number of information channels – similar or different. Features of media culture that connect it with popular culture and are more likely to influence contemporary religious communication are such: visualization, technicality, handling large amounts of information, the creation of a specific picture of the world. Conclusions. Analyzed features of culture media give the possibility to draw conclusions about the necessary features that should have religious believer for successful communication with the help of modern media. These are: interactivity, constant access to information, the appropriate level of education (technical), conformity.
THE FEMININE AND MASCULINE ARCHETYPES IN THE STRUCTURE OF A PAGON MYTH
Authors: Kuptsova Tetiana A.
Published: December 2016

The aim of the article is to reveal peculiarities of the formation of feminine and masculine archetypes in a pagon myth; to substantiate, how male and female bodies change into archetypes; to analyze peculiarities of the archetypes' influence on stereotype formation in the mythological consciousness of our ancestors. Methods and approaches. To understand gender symbolical and imaginative sphere of culture of great importance is K. G. Yung's theory of archetypes. Historical and philosophical understanding of theoretic gender representation is possible owing to methods of feminist cultural criticism. To investigate specific features of archetypes' influence on the gender stereotype formation in mythological consciousness of our ancestors the theory of ethnoarchetype developed by V. F. Yatchenko is also valuable. Scientific novelty. It is proved, that the mythological consciousness of Ukrainian ancestors and their archetypes had no strictly fixed social status. The transformation into patriarchal male and female stereotypes was influenced by the essentialistic establishments which defined man's social role as a leading one and a woman's one as of minor importance. The social and cultural secondary role of woman was softened by female mystic charisma, based on the ability to give birth and to be mother of every living being. In the Ukrainian culture this role was embodied in the sacral archetype of the Mother-Land, which led to complimentary attitude of national philosophy to feminine concept. With the help of historical, philosophical and gender scientific methods the original material was analysed, which helped to discover the particularities of gender stereotypes influence on the formation of vision in the Ukrainian philosophy. Conclusion. The analysis given in this article proves that the archetypes of Anima and Animus as sensually perceived culture – ontological transcendent reality, being psychological immanent reality, were reflections of the objectively existing structures of being, combination of real and ideal, space and mental. In the structure of the mythological consciousness they existed as unperceived but determinant factors of the material world praphenomenon of being. They often produce their influence on the modern cultural life of Ukrainian people in the forms of stereotype notions about the feminine and masculine concepts.
HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL COMPONENTS OF POLICY AND MORALITY RELATIONS
Authors: Usov Dmytro V.
Published: December 2016

The aim. To analyze comprehensively the policy as a way of human being, as well as the important today’s criteria of legitimacy of the government and the nature of political morality through a consistent reconstruction of the relations between morality and politics in the contemporary and classic historical and philosophical discourses. Methodology. The methods of historical reconstruction, hermeneutic, social and transcendental ones, which allowed to involve actively into understanding the important problems of modern life, conceptual apparatus of political and moral philosophy and to explore the relationships between politics and morality through the idea of social agreement, justice and freedom are used for coherent and consistent understanding of the measurements and definitions of relations policy and morality. Scientific novelty. The used in the article methodological principles made it possible to create actual for today (especially for controversial burdened by totalitarian past and uncertain future of a controversial, local realities) version of political ethics. It is proved that the development of moral and ethical principles, their consistent adherence by not only politicians, but by all the citizens are able to hinder the pragmatic interests of statesmen, who, under cover of the idea of the common good, protect primarily not the public but narrow corporate interests. A true freedom and justice based on the relationship of rights and duties, respect for them, which is more significant than conventional or compulsory recognition of them. Not only classic but also modern philosophical arguments for the combination of morality, ethics and politics were reconstructed. The thoughts of E. Tuhendhat about the nature of morality as a special regulatory system, and the basic principles of justification of moral standards in a modern philosophy were analyzed. It is shown that the landscape of contemporary crisis of social being, moral principles appear both as formal and procedurally - material ones, but the necessary for politicians mental attitude not only to their close, but also to other people requires the willingness to be honest and open. Conclusions. The understanding of the ways of combining the morality and politics through the achievements of a compromise of completive views and life strategies is essential for the development of real, but not apparent "legal state" in which the ruling authority represents not the interests of citizens, but only their own interests and goods. Concerning the public discourse of social agreement, it goes about the need for compromise and consideration of individual life plans, and the problem of legitimacy of power and necessary for the operation of universal principles of sense of justice and trust.
ESSENTIA OF HUMAN BEING AND ONTO-THEOLOGICAL ESSE OF METAPHYSICS: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Skrytska N. V.
Published: December 2016

Purpose. The purpose of research is to show essential of the human being on the level of philosophical analysis, and to define the necessity of ontho-theological essence of metaphysic on the basis of the historical and philosophical context. Methology. For the sake of disclosure multifacetedness human being used such methods: the method of terminological analysis, hermeneutic method, a method of classification, historical method, philosophical method, dialectical method, the method of generalization, the method of abstraction, the method of idealization, phenomenological method. Scientific novelty. On the basis of historico-philosophical researches it is carried out the analysis of the concepts essentia of human being, proceeding not only from the metaphysical point of view, but also with anthropological, axiological and gnoseological. It is proved that, despite of metaphysics accessory as abstract knowledge to different philosophical sections, everything the main thing remains the appeal to primary sources. After all in our world of cruelty, neglect, loss spirituality the main thing is not to lose the spiritual soil and the appeal to God.
OVERCOMING THE ANTINOMIES OF HUMAN EXISTENCE: ONTOLOGY OF TRICKSTER
Authors: Danylova T. V.
Published: December 2016

Purpose. This paper aims to study the ontological status of a trickster character in “Panchatantra” and its receptions. Methodology. The author has used analytical methodology of C. Levi-Strauss, C. Jung’s theory of archetypes, and hermeneutical methodology. Theoretical basis and results. Perception of the world in the form of a narrative is inherent in the very specifics of the human thinking. Among the most famous literary narratives that structured cultural experience of different nations are the framed story “Panchatantra” and its receptions “Kalilah and Dimnah” and “Stefanit and Ihnilat”. The framework of the analyzed text is the story about two jackals Karataka and Damanaka, Lion, and Bull. “Panchatantra” is deeply rooted in the animal epos, which is based on the totemic myth. Myths were created by primitive thinking that sought to systematize the world, to give it order through binary oppositions. Their hard core is “Life – Death” opposition. A myth deals with oppositions and seeks to neutralize them. Thus, a myth serves as the logical tool to overcome the fundamental contradictions. This is carried out by introducing a mediator. Two poles, two extreme points are unambiguous; ambiguity “occurs” at an intermediate stage only. Shift from one point to another is impossible directly – for this we need a mediator. In the given narrative the binary opposition “Life – Death” is replaced by its metaphor – Bull and Lion, herbivore (metaphor for life) and carnivore (metaphor for death). These oppositions are mediated by Jackal (Karataka&Damanaka) that feeds on carrion and has a dual nature. A mediator, which overcomes or at least mitigates the binary opposition, is seen as a compromise between herbivores and carnivores that embody the antinomy of life and death. This mediator is a trickster – bipolar character (good and evil at the same time). A trickster freely acts in unordered world of Chaos without Life – Death limitations. Scientific novelty. The breaking of cyclical time of the myth and deploying it into linear time gave rise to characters-doubles: the only one mythological image disintegrated and turned into different actors. A phenomenon of events became the basis of narrative storytelling. “Panchatantra”, “Kalilah and Dimnah”, “Stefanit and Ihnilat” have a dialogical form, which can be seen as a dialogue within one personality, i.e. at a certain stage one single mediator is splitting, and we get two characters – Karataka and Damanaka, Kalilah and Dimnah, Stefanit and Ihnilat. They represent opposing views and wisely defend their positions. This dialogue-dispute has neither beginning nor end. Karataka and Damanaka are the bifurcation of one single synthetic character – the manifestation of bipolar worldview that combines the opposing principles of life. Conclusion. The true nature of a trickster opposes any restrictions: it is open to everything. A trickster is free to move from one pole to another, he constructs reality and plays with it metaphorically overcoming the antinomy of life and death.
A CONCEPÇÃO DE TRABALHO PARA ALUNOS E PROFESSORES DE UM CURSO TÉCNICO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Barros Amailson Sandro , Junior Carlos Herold
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem com objetivo apresentar a concepção de alunos e professores de um curso técnico em enfermagem sobre trabalho. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 12 alunos e 03 professores do curso. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados obtidos apontaram para uma concepção de trabalho pautada no prazer e satisfação de cuidar e como fonte de remuneração, concomitantemente relacionada à perpetuação histórica e ideológica que exige da enfermagem dedicação, obediência e desapego material. As verbalizações dos entrevistados desconsideram o embate entre capital e trabalho e a construção social e histórica da exploração da força de trabalho, mantendo fortemente o dogma da caridade na área da enfermagem. Os relatos apontaram para o duplo caráter do trabalho – relacionado ao trabalho concreto e ao trabalho abstrato e a divisão trabalho intelectual versus trabalho manual e a precarização do trabalho na área da enfermagem e na docência.
EDUCAÇÃO, ENSINO E DOCÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Marques Stela , Oliveira Thiago
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é a análise da profissão docente em suas diversas perspectivas educacionais. O pressuposto para a construção do artigo foi cogitar sobre como a educação, o ensino e a docência podem se materializar de maneira crítica na formação do cidadão pleno, isto é, o sujeito autônomo que pensa por si mesmo. Busca-se uma prática educativa da possibilidade, uma educação que viabilize um mundo mais justo e equânime que não se rende às amarras da massificação. Na contemporaneidade percebe-se uma perda patente das relações humanas dentro do processo educacional, sobretudo no que tange à relação docência e ensino. Procura-se diferenciar o que, de fato, é educação e o que é ensino em uma análise alicerçada na teoria pedagógica e na história da educação. Dentro dessa perspectiva busca-se a reiteração da importância da formação docente e do papel do professor, num movimento de promoção de uma educação de intercâmbio crítica e libertadora.
Atenção à Saúde da Mulher na Atenção Básica: Potencialidades e Limites
Authors: Mendes Cássia Regina Alves
Published: December 2016

Esta revisão da literatura objetivou-se apresentar uma abordagem sobre as principais contribuições descritas na literatura a respeito das potencialidades e limites da atuação do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família no que diz respeito às ações voltadas para a saúde da mulher. Realizou-se busca nas bases de Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde - Lilacs, Scientific Eletronic Library Online - SciELO, e Manuais do Ministério da Saúde, no período de 2000 a 2015. Utilizou-se os descritores: Enfermeiro, Pré-natal e Programa Saúde da Família, visando identificar estudos com essa temática, propiciado pelas equipes de saúde da Atenção Primária. Foram encontrados 42 artigos, no entanto somente 23 deles foram selecionados e um manual do Ministério da Saúde. Devido às diversidades das ações executadas pelo profissional enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família, após a análise dos artigos selecionados, descreveu-se os trabalhos desenvolvidosnas ações de prevenção aos cânceres de colo de útero e mama, de pré-natal e puerpério, e de planejamento familiar. Os resultados mostraram que são de grande importância as ações prestadas pelos enfermeiros nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família no pré-natal e puerpério, na prevenção dos cânceres de mama e colo de útero e no planejamento familiar, pois contribuem para prevenção de doenças e agravos e promoção da saúde. Porém são necessárias melhorias no atendimento prestado à mulher, para tanto é imprescindível que ocorra uma capacitação plena dos enfermeiros para que estes promovam ações de planejamento, organização, desenvolvimento e avaliação de ações que respondam às reais necessidades das mulheres de sua área de abrangência.
Conhecimento, Percepções de Individuos em Relação à Leishmaniose Visceral Humana como Novas Ferramentas de Controle
Authors: De Castro Josiane Márcia , Rodrigues Suely Maria , Pereira da Silva Sávio Tarso , Costa Flavio  Costa De Lacerda , Piazzarollo Rodrigues Ana Clara Da Costa , Vieira Lucas Duarte Ferreira , Lima Marlucy Rodrigues , Borja-Cabrera Gulnara Patricia
Published: December 2016

O Brasil sofre atualmente um sério problema de saúde pública quanta leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH). Surtos frequentes são registrados, inicialmente, em áreas rurais, mas, hoje, devido ao processo urbanização, encontra-se em expansão para grandes centros, fazendo com o agravo encontra-se entre as seis endemias consideradas prioritárias no mundo. No leste de Minas Gerais, a macrorregião de Governador Valadares (GV), possui diversos casos de LVH, inclusive com ocorrência de óbitos. A dificuldade em combater a doença, dentre vários fatores, se deve ao fato de muitas vezes ser ignorado o conhecimento, atitudes e percepções da população acerca da patologia. Objetivou-se com esse estudo analisar o conhecimento, percepções e atitudes sobre a LVH dos residentes da área urbana do município citado e o modelo processo saúde-doença prevalentes em suas percepções. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, onde foram entrevistados 20 indivíduos, a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, e para análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo revelou que a maioria dos entrevistados não possuem informações sobre a doença e focam no modelo biomédico, contribuindo para a endemicidade do agravo. O requer maior atenção das autoridades no tocante à implantação de políticas publica humanizada, capaz de preparar os indivíduos para decidirem quais as estratégias mais apropriadas de prevenção e controle do agravo, para que possam saber como agir e assim ajudar a reduzir e, posteriormente, eliminar os focos de transmissão.
O rumor pode ser um objeto histórico para estudarmos a antiguidade? * Can rumor be an historical object to study the antiquity?
Authors: Belchior Ygor Klain
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, pretendemos abordar o “rumor” através de uma proposta multidisciplinar dialogando com as teorias da comunicação, a sociologia dos rumores e a história, com o objetivo de observá-lo como objeto histórico verificável. Para tanto, partiremos de uma discussão sobre o que são rumores, passando pela sua discussão no campo da sociologia da comunicação no intuito de provar que o rumor como evidência histórica também pode ser utilizado como um objeto para entender mecanismos sociais do passado romano. Nosso objetivo com esse exercício reflexivo é o de apresentar as bases da nossa pesquisa de doutoramento em História Social, já que esta trabalha com o tema os rumores nas guerras civis romanas (68 a 69 d.C.).
Car Tourism in China: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Value and Tourist Satisfaction on the Relationship between Destination Image and Loyalty
Authors: Wang Bin , Yang Zhaoping , Han Fang , Shi Hui
Published: December 2016

This study aims to test a model linking destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and tourist loyalty. Based on a sample of 300 tourists travelling by car from the World Natural Heritage Site of Tianchi, China, a new model of destination image was explored and data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that perceived value and satisfaction are direct antecedents of destination loyalty. Above all, perceived value and tourist satisfaction mediate the relationship between destination image and loyalty. Finally, this study discusses the theoretical and management implications of the findings in order to boost the tourism industry in the context of car trips.
Photostability Study of Some Modified Poly(vinyl chloride) Containing Pendant Schiff’s Bases
Authors: Shaalan Naser , Laftah Nawres ?? , Muslih Raad , Yousif Emad
Published: December 2016

The polymers modified Poly(vinyl chloride) differ in their tendency to photo oxidation comparing with that unmodified. It has been studied Photostability for modified Poly(vinyl chloride) chains using Schiff’s bases derivative of (5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) in a manner casting of plastic chips with thickness (40) in a solvent Tetrahydrofuran. It has been determined the effectiveness Photostability of these modified polymers through the photo degradation rate constant for photostabilizer (kd) for the modified Poly (vinyl chloride).
Attributed efficiency of these Poly(vinyl chloride) chips in Photostability by replace the atom Cl Poly(vinyl chloride) chains ends more stable than light stabilizer.
Objetos virtuales de aprendizaje y el desarrollo de aprendizaje autónomo en el área de inglés.
Authors: Feria-Marrugo Irina Margarita
Published: December 2016

Esta investigación se enfoca en los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje como herramienta TIC para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje autónomo. Se buscó establecer la relevancia, o no, de ciertas herramientas digitales, representadas como OVA, que cumplieran con ciertas características, para el apoyo en las clases, de tal manera que desempeñaran un papel didácticopara los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, el cual demanda metodologías y conocimiento por parte del docente y una actitud deseada por parte del estudiante. Para lograr eso, se planteó como objetivo general de la investigación: “Evaluar la incidencia de los Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje como herramienta didáctica digital en la enseñanza y en el desarrollo deaprendizaje autónomo del inglés en los estudiantes de noveno grado de básica secundaria de la Institución Educativa Bertha Gedeón de Báladi”. La metodología utilizada fue planteada bajo el enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo con carácter descriptivo y evaluativo. En la investigación participaron 54 estudiantes de noveno grado de secundaria; los instrumentos utilizados parala recolección de datos fueron encuestas, entrevistas y observación directa, cuya validez fue garantizada implementando un cuadro de triple entrada en el que se establecieron las categorías, los indicadores, los descriptores y los instrumentos de recolección de datos apropiados a la metodología de estudio. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó la triangulación metodológica que permitió tener una visión más compleja de la realidad, por tanto, más completa y cercana a la misma. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron la gran incidencia de los OVA como herramienta motivadora en el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante y su preferencia ante materiales tradicionales planos, carentes de interactividad o de elementos multimedia queprivilegien diversos estilos de aprendizaje.
Línea de tiempo: educación ambiental en Colombia
Authors: Pita-Morales Luz Adriana
Published: December 2016

La educación ambiental es un proceso que le permite al individuo comprender las relaciones de interdependencia con el entorno en el que se desarrolla el cual tiene en cuenta la realidad biofísica, social, política; en este sentido, es fundamental generar en la sociedad actividades que promuevan la valoración y respeto por el ambiente. La educación ambiental debe ser dinámica, participativa, y estar orientada a la formación de personas críticas y reflexivas con capacidad de comprender la problemática ambiental desde el contexto local, regional y nacional. En este marco, nace la necesidad de contextualizar la labor que se ha hecho a nivel nacional en la construcción de instrumentos que le permitan al Estado mirar la educación ambiental como una herramienta fundamental para el cuidado de los recursos naturales, y no como un concepto aislado ajeno a la comunidad. En la presente revisión se aborda el marco histórico de la educación ambiental en Colombia sus desafíos, retos y la manera como se están abriendo espacios formativos y de proyección para el manejo adecuado del ambiente. En conclusión, la educación ambiental es un proceso participativo que debe nacer del colectivo con el fin de dar gestión a los recursos naturales propios de una región y comunidad, en donde el quehacer de los profesionales es orientar estos procesos en la sociedad.
Breaking down the Classroom Walls: Augmented Reality Effect on EFL Reading Comprehension, Self-Efficacy, Autonomy and Attitudes
Authors: Alsowat Hamad H.
Published: December 2016

This study aimed at investigating the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) on college-level EFL students’ reading comprehension, self-efficacy, autonomy and attitudes. It also examined the relationships between self-efficacy, autonomy and attitudes. The sample consisted of (59) male students: an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=29), studying English for Academic Purposes at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. The study employed the quasi-experimental approach using a pre-post, nonequivalent control group design. A reading comprehension test, a self-efficacy scale, an autonomy scale and a questionnaire for attitudes were designed to gather the data. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the reading comprehension post-test in favor of the experimental group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the pre and post administration of the self-efficacy scale in favor of the post administration. Besides, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the pre and post administration of the autonomy scale in favor of the post administration. The results of one-sample T Test showed that all attitudes items were statistically significant and the grand mean score was statistically significant which indicated that students had positive attitudes towards using Augmented Reality in language learning. Finally, positive significant relationships between students’ self-efficacy, autonomy and attitudes were found.
Familia y participación escolar.
Authors: González Ford María Adriana
Published: December 2016

The explanations and formulas of yesterday are not useful for responding to the questions and situations of today’s society. In the specifc area of education, the effort to include parents and guardians in the educational process is a goal of authorities and educational centers. In our culture, the educational level of mother and father marks the difference in how they concern themselves and follow through with the evolutionary stages of cognitive development. The mother’s background is especially pertinent, because in our society, she is generally the one concerned with the education of the children. Since 1990, is percebed governmental and familial interest has been observed. Both want to participate and be involved in educational centers. There are documents which support parental participation and indicate the benefts possible. These allow them to apply for projects that can help them in their involvement.
Family firms control structure and corporate sustainability
Authors: Chiang Hsiang-Tsai , Liu Fang-Chun
Published: December 2016

A company with CSR devotion reflects this company aims not only in making profit, but also in sustainability. Family-owned companies have possessed of both control and operation right of the company, and family will devote themselves in CSR to signal the company’s commitment and then gains good image in order to sustainable and to maximize family benefit, The result indicated a positive relation between sustainability and the percentage of control shareholding, and negative relations between sustainability and two kinds of characteristic of family firms, which are the internal degree of the Board of Directors and the firm directed by single family. The evidence can offer stakeholders or the public to judge or predict the future development of the family firm.
Corporate citizenship and the Talmud
Authors: Maune Alexander
Published: December 2016

The Talmud is without doubt the most prominent text of rabbinic Judaism`s traditional literature which is replete with precepts that deal with corporate citizenship. Thus the Talmud can be used as a starting point for those who are interested in establishing financially successful companies. This article is based on a literature review of related journal articles and the Talmud. Some of the issues discussed in this article include: caring for the environment, corporate charity, employer-employee relationship, honest weights and measures, community prosperity, buyer-seller relationship, transparency, honesty in business, fraud and theft, and corporate citizenship in the contemporary world. The author concludes that sustainable financial success is guaranteed through corporate citizenship. This article is of benefit to both the academia and the business community at large.
The specifics of Chinese bank regulation
Authors: Cousin Violaine
Published: December 2016

The present paper aims to propose an explanation for the rationale behind the current banking regulatory arrangement in China. A now stable and relatively healthy banking system emerged largely unscathed from the financial crisis without relying much on recognized international best practices in bank supervision. China combines a strong regulatory hand together with a capital adequacy requirements stick, without much intervention of foreign or private institutions in the larger sense of the term. After an in-depth review of the Chinese framework we recognize that it is exactly this lip service to private monitoring mechanisms on top of restrictive regulators that allows for stability and growth - at least for now. China uses Chinese supervision as the core and western regulatory instruments as useful add-ons - a manner similar to the catch phrase used over a century ago to rejuvenate China.
Is insider trading regulation effective? Evidence from UK takeover activity
Authors: Lambe Brendan
Published: December 2016

Analysed in this study are the returns on stock prices of target companies surrounding the first publicised dates of completed takeovers in the UK between 2001 and 2010. Two samples are created of 209 and 197 firms for announcement and rumoured dates respectively. Both demonstrate statistically significant cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) prior to the release of information about the impending bid. This paper investigates whether observable factors create this price run-up or if it is the result of disclosed insider trading. Cross sectional analysis of CARs do not corroborate the claim that reported informed trades are the cause of this effect, this may indicate that trading on material non public information goes undisclosed.
What does the market say about say-on-pay? A look at the Canadian bank experience
Authors: Trottier Kim
Published: December 2016

This paper explores the share price reaction to a recent news announcement that Canadian banks were adopting say-on-pay, a policy that gives shareholders an annual non-binding vote on executive compensation. Using event study methodology, the effect of adopting this new policy is explored and found to be associated with a significant increase in share price. This result suggests that giving shareholders a voice on executive compensation is expected to generate economic benefits, which adds to the paucity of knowledge currently available to shareholders and legislators as they consider the consequences of say-on-pay.
Fair value hierarchy in financial instrument disclosure. Is there transparency for investors? Evidence from the banking industry
Authors: Laghi Enrico , Pucci Sabrina , Tutino Marco , Di Marcantonio Michele
Published: December 2016

The debate on fair value accounting is still open although the last 20 years have been spent in looking for solutions by academics, practitioners and institutions. After long and continuous discussion both on the basic concepts and the information level contained in fair value measurements and on the different solutions that are possible to adopt in mark to market measurements, IASB and FASB have recently issued new standards on fair value measurements applying some principles not only to financial instruments but also to property and other investments. To verify if the solutions adopted in these Standards really improve the disclosure level and the “usefulness of data for investors”, this paper analyzes the actual level of transparency and the “usefulness” of the “fair value hierarchy” (which from some points of view synthesized the Board’s way of thinking regarding to fair value) which has already been introduced for financial instruments by IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosure.
The paper presents results of an empirical investigation on a sample of domestic and foreign listed banks that adopted fair value hierarchy in line with SFAS 157 and IFRS 7 recommendations. Research questions can be summarized as follows: (i) does fair value hierarchy improve transparency in financial instrument evaluation in bank annual reports, or can it be considered as a tool for earnings management?
Disasters and vulnerabilities in the Foreman and Kennedy road informal settlements: Biographical influences
Authors: Ngcamu Bethuel Sibongiseni
Published: December 2016

As the towards the end of the homelands in the post-apartheid South Africa, there was a scramble of poverty stricken African black youth to the most severe vulnerable and disaster prone urban areas in search for formal job opportunities. The main purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the extent in which how the biographical profiles (age, gender, marital status, education levels, occupation (males and females), children and tenure) can influence vulnerability and disasters in these informal settlements. A quantitative research design was adopted and a survey method was used, whereby questionnaires were administered by the researcher to a population of 240, whereby, 140 questionnaires were completed generating a response rate of 63.6%. The findings of this study reveals that the majority of the respondents in the Foreman and Kennedy Road informal settlements are black, poverty stricken, unemployed and who are suffered economic difficulties that make them highly vulnerable to disasters. This study will act an advisory role to the decision-makers as the research findings shows that in the foreseeable future in South Africa, informal settlements will be an intergral feature of formal housing, which requires urban planners to include such settlements to housing planning.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Asphyxiated Newborn in a Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Panthee Kiran , Sharma Kiran , Kalakheti Balkrishna , Thapa Kul
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia, a major topic in neonatology, is a severe condition which has a high impact on neonatal mortality and morbidity and neurological and intellectual development of the infant. It is defined by WHO as "failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth". It is estimated that around four million babies are born asphyxiated and among those one million die and an equal number of babies develop serious neurological consequences ranging from cerebral palsy and mental retardation to epilepsy. This study was done to identify the occurrence, clinical profile and, immediate outcome of perinatal asphyxia in Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital.

 

Methods: It was a retrospective study where 82 cases who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included between December 2014 to November 2015. Inclusion criteria included newborns with: a) Apgar score equal to or less than six at five minutes, b) requirement of  more than one minute of positive pressure ventilation, c) signs of fetal distress (heart rate of less than 100 beats per minute, late decelerations).

 

Results: Out of total 425 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, 82 (19.3%) cases were of asphyxia among which 56 were inborn and 26 were referred from outside. Of those 82 cases, 47 (57.3%) cases developed hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); HIE stage I had good outcome with survival rate of 95% and HIE stage III had poor outcome with survival rate of only 25%.

 

Conclusion: Despite advances in management of neonates, perinatal asphyxia is still the leading cause of neonatal intensive care unit admission and mortality and morbidity in neonates.
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2016-003, Proposed Auditing Standard—The Auditor's Report on an Audit of Financial Statements when the Auditor Expresses an Unqualified Opinion and Related Amendments to PCAOB Standards
Authors: Doxey Marcus M. , Fuller Stephen H. , Geiger Marshall A. , Gist Willie E. , Hackenbrack Karl E. , Janvrin Diane J. , Pitman Marshall K. , Roush Pamela B.
Published: December 2016

On May 11, 2016 the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a request for comment on Proposed Auditing Standard—The Auditor's Report on an Audit of Financial Statements when the Auditor Expresses an Unqualified Opinion and Related Amendments to PCAOB Standards, a reproposal of its August 2013 proposed auditor reporting standard. The reproposal retains the pass/fail model of the existing auditor's report while seeking to enhance the form and content of the report. The reproposal solicited public comment on the following significant changes to the existing auditor's report: (1) add a description of “critical audit matters” that provides audit-specific information about especially challenging, subjective, or complex aspects of the audit as they relate to the relevant financial statement accounts and disclosures, (2) add a statement about auditor independence and the phrase “whether due to error or fraud” when describing the auditor's responsibilities to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatements, (3) add a statement related to auditor tenure, and (4) standardize the form of the auditor's report, requiring the opinion be the first section of the auditor's report and requiring section titles to guide the reader. The comment period ended on August 15, 2016. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on the alternatives presented in the request for comment.

Data Availability: The concept release, proposed and reproposed rules, and supplemental information are available at: http://pcaobus.org/Rules/Rulemaking/Pages/Docket034.aspx