bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of transient processes in the elements of climatic systems
Authors: Mansurov Rustam
Published: September 2019

Transition processes for different modes of functioning of elements of the climate system model are experimentally investigated and analyzed. The following elements have been selected as the objects of experimental research: the air heater and the fan as the main elements that are part of each climate system. The system under study consisted of the following sequential elements: air heater-fan-room. The relative excess heat is proposed as a dimensionless parameter in the analysis and normalization of experimental data. First, the relative excess heat takes into account changes in temperature, moisture content and flow rate of humid air, and secondly, allows identifying similarities in the processes of change over time of the thermodynamic state of the air when passing through the climate system elements for different operating modes of the fan and air heater. Analysis of the evolution of relative excess heat during transient changes in the parameters of the flow of humid air, as in case of abrupt changes in performance of a heater but with a fixed performance of a fan and in case of abrupt changes in performance of a fan, but with a fixed power of the air heater. The regularities of the evolution of relative excess heat in the flow of moist air and its most important qualitative types when passing through the elements of the model climate system are shown. It was found that the types of behavior of relative excess heat depend only on the state in which the elements of the system are located during the transition process, and not on the element itself as a physical object.
Algorithm for the interpretation of mass spectra in the study of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic raw materials using complex combined thermal analysis
Authors: Kozlova Mariia , Penzik Maxim , Shamansky Vitaly
Published: September 2019

This article proposes a method for processing data obtained using the TA-MS complex. To search for calibration coefficients, the method includes solving a quadratic programming problem. To test the method of searching for calibration coefficients, a simulation was done and the inverse problem was solved, and it was found out that the problem was ill-conditioned.
Research of variable characteristics of heat exchange equipment
Authors: Rafalskaya Tatyana , Rudyak Valery
Published: September 2019

Heat exchangers used in various industries, most often work in conditions of variable flows and temperatures. At the same time, the existing theories of calculation of heat exchanger modes are based on the use of constant dimensionless parameters in any mode of operation. The purpose of this work is to obtain dependencies to determine the effect of coolant temperatures on the variable parameter of the heat exchanger. Using the simulation method, dependencies were found that describe the change in the heat exchanger parameter which made it possible to obtain a general formula for the change in the heat exchanger parameter at varying coolant temperatures. To test the applicability of the existing relations describing the change in the heat exchanger parameter and the formula obtained, a large number of heat exchangers were calculated in variable operating modes. Comparison with the simulation results showed that the ratios of the known theories of heat exchangers do not work in all modes and their application can lead to significant errors. A formula has been obtained allows one to find the effect of coolant temperatures on the variable parameter of the heat exchanger. The formula can be used to predict the modes of large systems.
Influence of the parameters of the hydrothermal carbonization of the biomass on the biocoal obtained from peat
Authors: Krysanova Kristina , Krylova Alla , Zaichenko Victor , Lavrenov Vladimir , Khaskhachikh Vladimir
Published: September 2019

Hydrothermal carbonization is modern low-temperature method to improve characteristics of peat and other types of biomass as a fuel. The influence of methods at different temperatures and different reaction time the physical-chemical and energy properties of the resulting biochar is studied. Characteristics of the initial peat and hydrochar were determined such as elemental composition, ash content, moisture content, heating values. It has been established that with an increase in temperature and reaction time, yield of hydrochar oxygen in it decreases (from 33.1% - initial peat to 19.47% - hydrochar obtained at 230 °C), but carbon (from 52.09% - initial peat to 68.17% - hydrochar obtained at 230 °C) and heating value increases. Also was observed leaching the inorganic component from hydrochar into the water.
Experimental determination of the induction period for the onset of intensive boiling of a subcooled water flow under conditions of unsteady heat release
Authors: Safarov A. , Levin A.
Published: September 2019

This paper studies prediction of the boiling crisis onset under conditions of the rapid temperature growth of the heat releasing surface washed by a water flow subcooled to the saturation temperature. We obtained experimental data on time delay for rapid vapor formation and showed that the existing technique can be extended to the case with a forced flow. It is shown that the characteristic layer thickness is smaller than the thickness of superheated layer.
Technical-economic evaluation of medium-power gas turbine plant with air bottoming cycle
Authors: Mikheev Alexey V. , Potanina Yulia M.
Published: September 2019

A developed mathematical model of a gas turbine power plant with an additional air bottoming cycle to utilize heat of exhaust gases was used to carry out a technical and economic analysis. The approach used in the study is aimed at solving two types of optimization problems: (1) to determine the maximum net efficiency of the power plant and (2) to adjust the equipment and operating parameters for achieving minimum costs of electricity production. The study shows that the air bottoming cycle provides an increase in the net efficiency up to 44 - 48% and adds about 20% to the installed power capacity. The minimum costs of electric energy production estimated for different prices of fuel (natural gas) are competitive enough, so the gas turbine power plant with air bottoming cycle seems to be a promising technology for medium-power generation.
The study of the kinetics of formation of gaseous products during thermochemical conversion of woody biomass
Authors: Kozlov Alexander
Published: September 2019

The article shows the effect of the stage of internal combustion of biomass (pine sawdust) with insufficient and excessive heat supply. Thermochemical conversion of pine sawdust was carried out first in a dynamic mode to different temperatures of 280, 320, 360, 440 and 440 ° С, and then transferred to the isothermal mode for 1 hour. As a result, the following results were obtained: 1) Hydrogen does not form when heated to 280 ° C; it is formed in small quantities at 320 ° C. From a temperature of 360 ° C and higher, the formation of hydrogen becomes significant. You can also select two modes of education, which is especially noticeable at a temperature of 440 ° C. 2) In the cases of CH4, H2O, CO and CO2, three stages of formation can be distinguished: low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature. For each selected stage, the corresponding kinetic coefficients were calculated.
Physicien célèbre. Paul Langevin
Authors: Bonod Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Paul Langevin (1872-1946) est un physicien précoce et talentueux dont les travaux ont contribué à l’essor de la physique au début du XXe siècle. L’oeuvre scientifique de Paul Langevin est féconde et couvre de nombreux domaines, du magnétisme et des gaz ionisés au mouvement brownien et à la relativité.
OCT und FFR: Methoden zur Visualisierung und Berechnung des Gefäßlumens
Authors: Gitter-Kreulitsch Ursula
Published: September 2019

Durch die Fractional-Flow-Reserve (FFR)-Methode können signifikante Veränderungen des Gefäßes durch die Gabe eines Stresshormons (Adenosin) visualisiert werden. Eine Differenzierung zwischen Spasmen oder Stenosen können grafisch verifiziert werden. Die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) ermöglicht durch Infrarotlaserlicht eine 2- sowie 3-dimensionale Darstellung des Innenlumens eines Gefäßes nach einer Intervention mittels Stents.
Prävention und Therapie von Adipositas durch
Personalisierung der Ernährung
Authors: Schröder Torsten , Sina Christian
Published: September 2019

Übergewicht und Adipositas zeigen eine deutlich steigende Prävalenz auf und
begünstigen Folgekomplikationen wie Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskuläre
Endpunkte. Die bisherige Ernährungstherapie konnte dieser Entwicklung nicht
ausreichend effektiv entgegentreten. Personalisierungsstrategien unter
Zuhilfenahme von modernen Analyseverfahren objektivierbarer Messgrößen stellen
eine innovative und effektive Strategie dar, um Übergewicht und Adipositas
sowohl zu verhindern als auch zu therapieren. Die hohe Individualität des
Darm-Mikrobioms und der postprandialen Blutzuckerregulation steht im Zentrum
dieser Ansätze.
Lebensmittelkennzeichnung als Maßnahme zur Prävention von
Übergewicht und Adipositas
Authors: Holzapfel Christina
Published: September 2019

Die hohe Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas in Deutschland zeigt einen
deutlichen Handlungsbedarf auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Neben der Verbesserung der
Therapieoptionen stehen präventive Maßnahmen im Mittelpunkt. Letztere stellen
eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe dar, die von Wissenschaft und Medizin
gemeinsam mit Politik und Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens, der Wirtschaft, den
Medien sowie den Betroffenen erarbeitet und vertreten werden muss. Es ist nötig,
die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen so zu gestalten, dass allen Menschen
ein gesundheitsförderlicher Lebensstil erleichtert wird. Verschiedene präventive
Strategien werden diskutiert, wobei es an einer konsequenten flächendeckenden
Umsetzung fehlt. Unter anderem steht eine verbesserte und einheitliche
Lebensmittelkennzeichnung zur Diskussion, um mehr Transparenz für die
Verbraucher zu schaffen und eine bewusstere und gesündere Entscheidung beim
Lebensmittelkauf zu erleichtern. Obwohl es gute Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit
einer transparenten Lebensmittelkennzeichnung auf das Gesundheitsverhalten der
Verbraucher gibt, geht die politische Entscheidung für eine entsprechende
Kennzeichnung nur schleppend voran.
Growth dynamics of bubbles on a pore-patterned surface under reduced pressure
Authors: Li Jiayan , Zheng Jiangen , Huang Yingzhou , Chen Guo
Published: September 2019

The growth dynamics of bubbles has been extensively studied for several decades. However, a thorough understanding of the morphological evolution of bubbles on pore-patterned surfaces through the coalescence of adjacent bubbles induced by expansion is still lacking. This study aims to quantitatively investigate the coalescence of adjacent bubbles in drops on customized microscale pore-patterned surfaces from the bottom view under different atmospheric pressures. The results demonstrate that the coalescence status and the size of bubbles can be controlled by adjusting the atmospheric pressure and are also in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results. This work provides insight into the underlying physics of growing bubbles on a pore-patterned surface; this is important for research on gas–fluid–solid interfacial slips and surface drag reduction.
GeneFishing to reconstruct context specific portraits of biological processes
Authors: Liu Ke , Theusch Elizabeth , Zhou Yun , Ashuach Tal , Dose Andrea C. , Bickel Peter J. , Medina Marisa W. , Huang Haiyan
Published: September 2019

Rapid advances in genomic technologies have led to a wealth of diverse data, from which novel discoveries can be gleaned through the application of robust statistical and computational methods. Here, we describe GeneFishing, a semisupervised computational approach to reconstruct context-specific portraits of biological processes by leveraging gene–gene coexpression information. GeneFishing incorporates multiple high-dimensional statistical ideas, including dimensionality reduction, clustering, subsampling, and results aggregation, to produce robust results. To illustrate the power of our method, we applied it using 21 genes involved in cholesterol metabolism as “bait” to “fish out” (or identify) genes not previously identified as being connected to cholesterol metabolism. Using simulation and real datasets, we found that the results obtained through GeneFishing were more interesting for our study than those provided by related gene prioritization methods. In particular, application of GeneFishing to the GTEx liver RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data not only reidentified many known cholesterol-related genes, but also pointed to glyoxalase I (
GLO1
) as a gene implicated in cholesterol metabolism. In a follow-up experiment, we found that
GLO1
knockdown in human hepatoma cell lines increased levels of cellular cholesterol ester, validating a role for
GLO1
in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, we performed pantissue analysis by applying GeneFishing on various tissues and identified many potential tissue-specific cholesterol metabolism-related genes. GeneFishing appears to be a powerful tool for identifying related components of complex biological systems and may be used across a wide range of applications.
Phenotypically distinct neutrophils patrol uninfected human and mouse lymph nodes
Authors: Lok Laurence S. C. , Dennison Thomas W. , Mahbubani Krishnaa M. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Chilvers Edwin R. , Clatworthy Menna R.
Published: September 2019

Significance

The classical view of neutrophils is as circulating phagocytes that are recruited to tissues following infection or injury. Here we show that neutrophils were present in mouse and human lymph nodes in the absence of perturbation. Lymph node neutrophils were phenotypically distinct, with increased expression of major histocompatibility complex II, and predominantly localized to the interfollicular zone, where CD4 T lymphocytes are activated. Neutrophils trafficked into lymph nodes via blood and lymphatic vessels, and were capable of rapidly carrying systemically acquired, IgG antibody-opsonized cargo to lymph nodes. These data support a novel role for neutrophils in homeostatic immune surveillance, sampling circulating antigens and delivering them to lymph nodes, with the potential to activate adaptive immunity.
Homozygous
NLRP1
gain-of-function mutation in siblings with a syndromic form of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Drutman Scott B. , Haerynck Filomeen , Zhong Franklin L. , Hum David , Hernandez Nicholas J. , Belkaya Serkan , Rapaport Franck , de Jong Sarah Jill , Creytens David , Tavernier Simon J. , Bonte Katrien , De Schepper Sofie , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Lorenzo-Diaz Lazaro , Wullaert Andy , Bossuyt Xavier , Orth Gérard , Bonagura Vincent R. , Béziat Vivien , Abel Laurent , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Reversade Bruno , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: September 2019

Significance

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a disease caused by the human papillomavirus that leads to growth of warts in the throat. We report 2 brothers with a form of this disease that involves a mutation in the
NLRP1
gene. This study provides a genetic explanation for our patients’ disease and suggests that other people may suffer from the same genetic disease. It also expands our understanding of diseases caused by mutations in
NLRP1
.
Genome-wide identification of
Pseudomonas syringae
genes required for fitness during colonization of the leaf surface and apoplast
Authors: Helmann Tyler C. , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Lindow Steven E.
Published: September 2019

The foliar plant pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
can establish large epiphytic populations on leaf surfaces before apoplastic colonization. However, the bacterial genes that contribute to these lifestyles have not been completely defined. The fitness contributions of 4,296 genes in
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
B728a were determined by genome-wide fitness profiling with a randomly barcoded transposon mutant library that was grown on the leaf surface and in the apoplast of the susceptible plant
Phaseolus vulgaris
. Genes within the functional categories of amino acid and polysaccharide (including alginate) biosynthesis contributed most to fitness both on the leaf surface (epiphytic) and in the leaf interior (apoplast), while genes involved in type III secretion system and syringomycin synthesis were primarily important in the apoplast. Numerous other genes that had not been previously associated with
in planta
growth were also required for maximum epiphytic or apoplastic fitness. Fourteen hypothetical proteins and uncategorized glycosyltransferases were also required for maximum competitive fitness in and on leaves. For most genes, no relationship was seen between fitness
in planta
and either the magnitude of their expression
in planta
or degree of induction
in planta
compared to in vitro conditions measured in other studies. A lack of association of gene expression and fitness has important implications for the interpretation of transcriptional information and our broad understanding of plant–microbe interactions.
tartan
underlies the evolution of
Drosophila
male genital morphology
Authors: Hagen Joanna F. D. , Mendes Cláudia C. , Blogg Amber , Payne Alexander , Tanaka Kentaro M. , Gaspar Pedro , Figueras Jimenez Javier , Kittelmann Maike , McGregor Alistair P. , Nunes Maria D. S.
Published: September 2019

Male genital structures are among the most rapidly evolving morphological traits and are often the only features that can distinguish closely related species. This process is thought to be driven by sexual selection and may reinforce species separation. However, while the genetic bases of many phenotypic differences have been identified, we still lack knowledge about the genes underlying evolutionary differences in male genital organs and organ size more generally. The claspers (surstyli) are periphallic structures that play an important role in copulation in insects. Here, we show that divergence in clasper size and bristle number between
Drosophila mauritiana
and
Drosophila simulans
is caused by evolutionary changes in
tartan
(
trn
), which encodes a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat domain protein that mediates cell–cell interactions and affinity. There are no fixed amino acid differences in
trn
between
D. mauritiana
and
D. simulans
, but differences in the expression of this gene in developing genitalia suggest that cis-regulatory changes in
trn
underlie the evolution of clasper morphology in these species. Finally, analyses of reciprocal hemizygotes that are genetically identical, except for the species from which the functional allele of
trn
originates, determined that the
trn
allele of
D. mauritiana
specifies larger claspers with more bristles than the allele of
D. simulans
. Therefore, we have identified a gene underlying evolutionary change in the size of a male genital organ, which will help to better understand not only the rapid diversification of these structures, but also the regulation and evolution of organ size more broadly.
Structural basis for transcription activation by Crl through tethering of σ
S
and RNA polymerase
Authors: Cartagena Alexis Jaramillo , Banta Amy B. , Sathyan Nikhil , Ross Wilma , Gourse Richard L. , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Darst Seth A.
Published: September 2019

In bacteria, a primary σ-factor associates with the core RNA polymerase (RNAP) to control most transcription initiation, while alternative σ-factors are used to coordinate expression of additional regulons in response to environmental conditions. Many alternative σ-factors are negatively regulated by anti–σ-factors. In
Escherichia coli
,
Salmonella enterica
, and many other γ-proteobacteria, the transcription factor Crl positively regulates the alternative σ
S
-regulon by promoting the association of σ
S
with RNAP without interacting with promoter DNA. The molecular mechanism for Crl activity is unknown. Here, we determined a single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of Crl-σ
S
-RNAP in an open promoter complex with a σ
S
-regulon promoter. In addition to previously predicted interactions between Crl and domain 2 of σ
S
(σ
S
2
), the structure, along with
p
-benzoylphenylalanine cross-linking, reveals that Crl interacts with a structural element of the RNAP β′-subunit that we call the β′-clamp-toe (β′CT). Deletion of the β′CT decreases activation by Crl without affecting basal transcription, highlighting the functional importance of the Crl-β′CT interaction. We conclude that Crl activates σ
S
-dependent transcription in part through stabilizing σ
S
-RNAP by tethering σ
S
2
and the β′CT. We propose that Crl, and other transcription activators that may use similar mechanisms, be designated σ-activators.
Differential requirements for FcγR engagement by protective antibodies against Ebola virus
Authors: Bournazos Stylianos , DiLillo David J. , Goff Arthur J. , Glass Pamela J. , Ravetch Jeffrey V.
Published: September 2019

Significance

In recent years, systematic research efforts have led to the preclinical development of antibody-based therapeutics that confer potent antiviral activity against Ebola virus (EBOV). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against virus pathogens depend on their interaction with specialized leukocyte receptors (Fcγ receptors [FcγRs]) to confer antiviral functions. FcγR engagement by IgG antibodies induces leukocyte activation and mediates pleiotropic effector functions to control virus infection. Here, we examined the contribution of FcγR engagement to the antibody-mediated protection against EBOV infection in unique animal models of EBOV infection. Our findings suggest that anti-EBOV antibodies exhibit differential requirements for FcγR engagement to confer protection from EBOV infection, guiding the design of optimized antibody-based therapeutics with maximal protective efficacy.
English as a lingua franca (ELF) in Chinese fansubbers’ practices
Authors: Lee Tzu-yi Elaine
Published: September 2019

As a global phenomenon, English as a lingua franca (ELF) has been rigorously researched in many fields but
completely ignored in translation studies. Based on a previous study, this study accordingly sets out to investigate the ELF
phenomenon in the fansubbing culture with a specific focus on the notes and comments by fansubbers, arguing that fansubbing as a
practice creates a space for dialogue between fan translators and their viewers that leads to the ‘empowerment’ of fansubbers as
linguistic and cultural mediators. By examining specific screenshots of headnotes and comments by amateur translators with regard
to six seasons of the TV series Rizzoli & Isles, this paper discusses background reasons for ELF applied by
fansubbers, the implications of the ELF phenomenon in fansubbing culture, and the potential effects of fansubbing upon the
audience in contradistinction to the effects of commercial subtitling and upon the translation profession as a whole.
Finally, this article hopes to shed light on Chinese fansubbers who in fact blur the traditional distinction between professional
and amateur subtitling, and concludes that the specific language practices fansubbers are engaged in show – as both fans and
translators – an unlimited degree of latitude from mainstream subtitling.
Interpreting Non-Hausdorff (Generalized) Manifolds in General Relativity
Authors: Luc Joanna , Placek Tomasz
Published: September 2019

The article investigates the relations between Hausdorff and non-Hausdorff manifolds as objects of general relativity. We show that every non-Hausdorff manifold can be seen as a result of gluing together some Hausdorff manifolds. In the light of this result, we investigate a modal interpretation of a non-Hausdorff differential manifold, according to which it represents a bundle of alternative space-times, all of which are compatible with a given initial data set.
Superconductivity in a new layered triangular-lattice system Li2IrSi2
Authors: Horigane K , Takeuchi K , Hyakumura D , Horie R , Sato T , Muranaka T , Kawashima K , Ishii H , Kubozono Y , Orimo S , Isobe M , Akimitsu J
Published: September 2019

We report on the crystal structure and superconducting properties of a novel iridium-silicide, namely Li2IrSi2. It has a Ag2NiO2-type structure (space group R-3m) with the lattice parameters a = 4.028 30(6) Å and c = 13.161 80(15) Å. The crystal structure comprises IrSi2 and double Li layers stacked alternately along the c-axis. The IrSi2 layer includes a two-dimensional Ir equilateral-triangular lattice. Electrical resistivity and static magnetic measurements revealed that Li2IrSi2 is a type-II superconductor with critical temperature (T
c) of 3.3 K. We estimated the following superconducting parameters: lower critical field H
c1(0) ∼ 42 Oe, upper critical field H
c2(0) ∼ 1.7 kOe, penetration depth λ
0 ∼ 265 nm, coherence length ξ
0 ∼ 44 nm, and Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ
GL ∼ 6.02. The specific-heat data suggested that superconductivity in Li2IrSi2 could be attributed to weak-coupling Cooper pairs.
Developed river deltas: are they sustainable?
Authors: Loucks Daniel P
Published: September 2019

Background. Coastal river deltas provide multiple ecosystem services. Many deltas serve as major centers of agriculture, industry and commerce. The annual economic benefits derived from major deltas are often a substantial fraction of a country’s GDP. Yet, many deltas are losing land due to erosion, subsidence and subsequent flooding. Such vulnerabilities are often increased due to local land and water management decisions, relative sea-level rise, and increases in climate extremes. Aim of this review. Considerable literature exists addressing the formation of deltas and the effects of increasing urbanization, industrialization and crop and fish production, increases in relative sea level rise, and decreasing sediment deposition. This leads to the question: are the economic, environmental, ecological and social benefits derived from developed river deltas sustainable? This review focuses on this question. Methods/Design. Over 180 published documents were identified and reviewed using various search engines and key words. These key words included river deltas; delta sustainability, vulnerability, resilience, coasts, ecology, hazards, erosion, water management, urbanization, reclamation, agriculture, governance, pollution, geomorphology, economic development, socio-economic changes, and delta wetlands; relative sea level change; sediment trapping; sand mining; salinity intrusion; coastal restoration; estuarine engineering; shoreline evolution; estuarine processes; and the names of specific river basin deltas. Review Results/Synthesis and Discussion. Deltas provide humans important resources and ecosystem services leading to their intensive development. The impacts of this development, together with sea-level rise, threatens the sustainability of many river deltas. Various management and governance measures are available to help sustain deltas. Controls on land use, improved farming and transport technology, wetland habitat protection, and d improved governance are some that might help sustain the economic and ecological services provided by deltas. However, increased population growth and the impacts of climate change will put increased pressure on deltas and the benefits derived from them.
Intercomparison of daily precipitation persistence in multiple global observations and climate models
Authors: Moon Heewon , Gudmundsson Lukas , Guillod Benoit P , Venugopal V , Seneviratne Sonia I
Published: September 2019

Daily precipitation persistence is affected by various atmospheric and land processes and provides complementary information to precipitation amount statistics for understanding the precipitation dynamics. In this study, daily precipitation persistence is assessed in an exhaustive ensemble of observation-based daily precipitation datasets and evaluated in global climate model (GCM) simulations for the period of 2001–2013. Daily precipitation time series are first transformed into categorical time series of dry and wet spells with a 1 mm d−1 precipitation threshold. Subsequently, P

dd
(P

ww
), defined as the probability of a dry (wet) day to be followed by another dry (wet) day is calculated to represent daily precipitation persistence. The analysis focuses on the long-term mean and interannual variability (IAV) of the two indices. Both multi-observation and multi-model means show higher values of P

dd
than P

ww
. GCMs overestimate P

ww
with a relatively homogeneous spatial bias pattern. They overestimate P

dd
in the Amazon and Central Africa but underestimate P

dd
in several regions such as southern Argentina, western North America and the Tibetan Plateau. The IAV of both P

dd
and P

ww
is generally underestimated in climate models, but more strongly for P

ww
. Overall, our results highlight systematic model errors in daily precipitation persistence that are substantially larger than the already considerable spread across observational products. These findings also provide insights on how precipitation persistence biases on a daily time scale relate to well-documented persistence biases at longer time scales in state-of-the-art GCMs.
Biodegradation of styrofoam waste by ligninolytic fungi and bacteria
Authors: Yanto D H Y , Krishanti N P R A , Ardiati F C , Anita S H , Nugraha I K , Sari F P , Laksana R P B , Sapardi S , Watanabe T
Published: September 2019

Styrofoam wastes are composed of many polymerized styrene monomers that are generally considered to be recalcitrant and are resistant to biodegradation. In this study, the ability of ligninolytic fungi and bacteria were investigated on degradation of styrofoam wastes. All the fungi and bacteria used were able to grow on agar media containing styrofoam. Fungi Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01, Ceriporia sp. BIOM3, and Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 degraded 15.7%, 19.4%, and 74.4% styrofoam within 30 d, respectively. Cerratia marcescens BLSP4, Bacillus subtilis BLSP4, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BLSP4 degraded 38.3%, 52.6%, and 63.4% styrofoam, respectively. SEM analysis demonstrated the appearance of micro pore in styrofoams treated with Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007 and P. aeruginosa indicating biodegradation. In addition, analysis using UATR FTIR corroborated removal of some functional groups from the degraded styrofoam were eliminated. This study showed strains of ligninolytic fungi and selected bacteria have the potential to be used in bioremediation of styrofoam wastes.
Jatropha curcas as a potential plant for bauxite phytoremediation
Authors: Rahim F A A , Hamid T H T A , Zainuddin Z
Published: September 2019

Abandon bauxite mining sites can cause serious environmental problems, such as poor soil quality, air pollution, erosion and flood. Jatropha curcas could possibly be used to remediate barren bauxite mining sites. The objective of this study was to study the growth performance of J. curcas on top soil (control) and bauxite mined soil. Observation of the plant growth was recorded weekly, including days to rooting, number of roots per cutting, days to new bud opening, number of shoots per cutting, number of leaves per cutting, plant height and chlorophyll content. Data collected on the growth performance of J. curcas were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows Standard Version. Based on the results obtained, J. curcas could thrive and grow on bauxite mined soil as it has higher significantly difference in number of leaves and plant height after growing on bauxite mined soil. Therefore, J. curcas is suitable for phytoremediation, in order to solve the environmental problems that occur on the bauxite mined site.
Growth ability and denitrification activity of bacterial isolates on media containing propoxur
Authors: Agustiyani D , Dewi T K , Nditasari A , Antonius S
Published: September 2019

Denitrifying bacteria are expected to be a promising organism to degrade pesticides by using them as carbon and nitrogen substrate. The potential of denitrifying bacterial isolates namely TK Bali, KT, UHT, L7T4, and C.pkr in degrading propoxur was studied through growth ability test and denitrification activity on three types of media containing propoxur. The media were NB (Nutrient Broth), MS (Mineral Salt), and MS + glucose added with various concentrations of propoxur (500, 1000, 1500 ppm). Bacterial growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (OD) at a wavelength of 436 nm. Denitrification activity was measured by nitrate reduction capacity. Concentration of propoxur and isopropoxyphenol were measured using HPLC. The results showed that the highest growth and denitrification activities were in NB media. Denitrifying bacteria can grow in NB media containing propoxur up to 1500 ppm concentration, but the growth and denitrification activities decreased with the increasing concentration of propoxur. The denitrifying bacteria isolates seemed not to be able to use propoxur as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Denitrifying bacteria were resistant to propoxur to a certain concentration, but were unable to degrade propoxur, or it could degrade propoxur, but only in very low capacity. Isolate Brevundimonas diminuta, L7T4 was able to degrade propoxur to isopropoxyphenol in relatively low rate of degradation, less than 20 % of propoxur was degraded in 2 days of incubation.
Acrylonitrile degradation by whole cells of Corynebacterium sp. D5, isolated from polluted industrial waste
Authors: Sunarko B , Sulistinah N
Published: September 2019

Acrylonitrile is a toxic organo-cyanide compound extensively used as solvents and in the manufacture of plastics, polymers, synthetic fibers, resin, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals and vitamins. Because of its acute neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, discharge of acrylonitrile contained wastewater can lead to serious environmental pollution if is not controlled. Microbial degradation has been considered as a way of removing highly toxic nitriles from industrial waste. In our studies, the biodegradation of acrylonitrile was demonstrated by using whole cells of Corynebacterum sp. D5 isolated from polluted industrial wastewater. Although the bacterium could not utilized the compound as a source of carbon, energy and nitrogen for its growth, Corynebacterium sp. D5 was capable to degrade acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN) into acrylamide (CH2=CH-CONH2) and acrylic acid (CH2=CH-OOH). The acrylonitrile degradation took place via a two-steps reaction invoving nitrile-hydratase and amidase. During the degradation, the highest nitril hydratase activity was 4.894 nmol.(min.mg) −1 with the optimum temperature and pH was 25°C and pH 7.0, while the highest amidase acivity was 1,315 nmol.(min.mg) −1, with the optimum temparature and pH was 50°C and pH 6.0, respectively. Besides on acetonitrile as inducer, Corynebacterium sp. D5 was also able to grow on various saturated low molecular weight of nitrile and amide compounds.
Isolation, physiological characters and effectivity of bacterial isolates of root nodules from various plants on the growth of Vigna radiata L
Authors: Purwaningsih S , Nditasari A , Antonius S
Published: September 2019

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) are legume plants that can establish symbiosis with Rhizobacteria to fix N2 from air. Research on isolation, physiological characters and effectiveness of bacteria isolates of root nodules from various plants on the growth of Vigna radiata L has been carried out.The objective of study was to get effective Rhizobacteria isolates which can be potentially used as biological fertilizer agents. Characterization of 16 isolates were carried out and all were included in the fast growing group. For physiological characters of 16 isolates showed that11 isolates were able to produce IAA, 7 isolates were able to solubilize phosphate, 13 isolates were able to produce siderophore, and 16 isolates had protease enzyme and catalase activities. Ten isolates that have growth support activities: AD (1), AD (2), AD (3), AD (4), AD (7), AD (10), LK (2), EKP (1), EKP (2 ), and KcKP (1) were tested for its effectiveness on Vigna radiata L. As a control plant without inoculation on soil media (K1) and plants without being inoculated in plants in soil and compost media (K2).The design used was Completely Randomized Design. The plants were harvested at the age of 55 days. The parameters which were observed were: height of plant, number of leaves, dry weight of canopy, roots, root nodules, total of plants, wet weight of pods, number of pods and chlorophyll content. Inoculation of isolate AD (7) had increased the growth of Vigna radiata L compared to control.
Effect of zeolite particle size and levels of phosphate concentration in phosphate absorption and growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: A’isyah S , Napitupulu T P , Sudiana I M
Published: September 2019

Medium particle size plays an important role in plant growth and absorbtion of nutrients. Pore types affect root development and infiltration. In addition, zeolite can increase the efficiency of nutrient use by increasing the availability of phosphate rock and exchange cation without structural changes. The experimental to determine the optimal particle size of zeolite in absorbing phosphate with design a complete random block. Media composition consists of coarse zeolite (ZK) and fine zeolite (ZH) with ratio of 50% ZK + 50% ZH (A1), 25% ZK + 75% ZH (A2) and 75% ZK + 25% ZH (A3). ZK and ZH distribution by mixing it in the tray. The result show that the percentage of survival is A3 which has 78%, A2 and A1 having 33%. Respectively, medium 75% ZK + 25% ZH (A3) was tested for phosphate absorption test, using 5 different levels namely 0 mM phosphate levels (A31), 0.3 mM (A32), 1 mM (A33), 3 mM (A34), and 10 mM (A35). Experimental results that addition of 10 mM phosphate (A35) increased plant length by 51.35%, leaf width 42.50%, wet and dry weight by 156.52% and 195, 54%, weight wet root 53.46% and phosphate content 195.58%. It can be concluded that A3 support the phosphate absorption to sorghum growth.
Valuation of goods and services derived from plantation forest in peat swamp forest area: the case of South Sumatra Province
Authors: Ulya N A , Nurlia A , Kunarso A , Martin E , Waluyo E A
Published: September 2019

Natural forest area is decreasing but planted forest is increasing by years. The main target of establishment of industrial plantation forest is rehabilitating unproductive production forest areas (mitigate land degradation). Plantation forest ecosystem also expected provide some goods and services even though timber production usually become the main service. This paper aims to present data and information about the value of goods and services derived from plantations forest with case studies in the South Sumatra Province. The Total Economic Value (TEV) concept used as the framework to quantify value of the goods and services derived from plantations forest. The TEV concept widely use to measure the utilitarian value of ecosystems to support efficient resources allocation. The result indicates that the economic value of goods and services derived from plantaton forest that reflected by the TEV of plantation forest is about 17,242.72 USD. This value is higher than TEV of natural secondary forest and abandoned peatswamp forest. Its indicates that plantation forest can provide both timber and non-timber benefits that generated by the ecological functions of plantation forest. In peat swamps area, development of plantation forest with adaptive species will support timber producion and mitigate forest land degradation.
Mycorrhizal colonization of indigenous tropical tree species grown in peat swamp forests of Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Turjaman M , Herdyantara B , Faulina S A , Agustini L , Irianto R S B , Hidayat A , Wahno I , Murdani  , Tjahyono B , Indrayadi H
Published: September 2019

The restoration of peat swamp forests in Sumatra island has become Indonesian government’s priority to restore ecological functions and their utilization. Indigenous. However, little information is available on the status of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Sumatera. The objective of this research was to know AM fungi colonization in indigenous of tropical peat swamp forests. Root samples of 28 tree species in 14 families grown in a peat swamp forest of Jambi, Riau, and South Sumatera. All soil and tree roots were grown in zeolite media and trapped in Pueraria javanica and Shorgum bicolor as host plants for four months in a green house. Roots were stained with 0.1% trypan blue and vesicles, arbuscles and internal hyphae of AM fungi observed under a compound microscope. The results have shown that 20 tree species (72%) were colonized by AM fungi, 4 tree species of the dipterocarps family (14%) were colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), and four other tree species (14%) did not find FMA or ECM colonization. It is suggested that utilization of mycorrhizas can increase early growth of some tree species grown in peat swamp forests and mycorrhizal application will be expected as a key technology to restore degraded peatlands.
The application of Klebsiella sp. and Rhizobium radiobacter as biofertilizer and Palm Oil Mills Effluent (POME) as organic fertilizer on growth of Paraserianthes falcataria
Authors: Suliasih  , Widawati S
Published: September 2019

The Bio and organic fertilizers are cheap and environmentally friendly source of plant nutrients for agricultural yields and environmental quality improvement. The study aimed to evaluate the application of biofertilizer and Palm oil mills effluent (POME) either singly or in combination on growth of Paraserianthes falcataria under greenhouse condition. The study was laid out in factorial based Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design which was comprised of biofertilizer treatments (Control without bacteria, Klebsiella sp, Rhizobium radiobacter, Klebsiella sp + Rhizobium radiobacter) and five concentrations of POME treatments (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) with 3 replicates for each treatment. The results revealed that inoculation with biofertilizer treatments along with POME significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, soil available P, soil phosphatase activity and soil bacterial population. Combination of Rhizobium radiobacter and POME 50% induced the highest increase of shoot length (10.17 ± 0.83cm), root length (28.67±0.88cm), shoot dry weight (0.48± 0.006g), and root dry weight (0.25±0.013g). The highest soil phosphatase activity was obtained in the combination Klebsiella sp. and POME 25% treated soil. The application of Rhizobium radiobacter along with POME at 10% and 25% concentrations reached its highest level of soluble soil P (4.07 ppm) and soil bacterial population (48.33 107 cfu/g of soil) respectively.
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with nitrogen fixing bacteria and other potential soil microbes as biofertilizer for soybean plant
Authors: Sukiman H , Lekatompessy S , Widowati T , Simarmata R
Published: September 2019

The use of mycorrhizae as phosphate solubilizing fungus has been known since decade. Mycorrhizae could promote the growth of almost all species of plants. Biofertilizer product based on mycorrhizae fungus has been produced commercialization and easily found in the market. This study was aimed to understand the positive effect of mycorrhizae inoculation when it mixed with other microbes especially nitrogen fixing bacteria and growth hormone production bacteria. An experiment was set up at green house to run the activities of microbes inoculation on soybean plants. Soybean was mainly used for testing the potential of soil microbes since the target of the experiment is increasing the production of soybean seed and decreasing the used of chemical fertilizer. The result of this study showed that multi strains inoculation was better that single inoculation. Single mycorrhizae inoculation produced slightly higher number of pods. However when the mycorrhizae was combining with other potential microbes the number of pods produced by the plants even significantly higher than only single inoculation. Updating the quality of biofertilizer is needed by including the biodiversity of soil microbes to gain the promotion of green farming program.
Distribution and population abundance of greenhouse whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) on Chrysanthemum
Authors: Hutapea D , Rahardjo I B , Yanda R P , Diningsih E
Published: September 2019

Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious worldwide pest of greenhouse crops on horticultural commodities, especially in chrysanthemum. Besides being able to affect the plant vigor and reduce the quality of chrysanthemums, B. tabaci also transmits the plant virus. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of whitefly populations in six chrysanthemum cultivars (Sazeta, Nameswari, Cayapati, Yulimar, Kusuma Patria and Sabia) under glasshouse conditions. Numbers of whitefly adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa were observed every one week from the underside of the young, mature and old leaves. The total mean numbers of adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa were tested using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test at p <0.05. Our results showed that the population distribution of B. tabaci adults in six chrysanthemum cultivars was higher in young leaves than mature and old leaves. Number of eggs and nymphs were higher in mature and old leaves. Whitefly abundance (adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa) on chrysanthemums cultivar Sabia were the highest, implies that there is a need search for appropriate control strategy so that the yield losses of chrysanthemum can be reduced.
Scanning electron microscope observations of Gongylonema neoplasticum and Heterakis spumosa, nematode parasites of an endemic murine rodent from Sulawesi
Authors: Dewi K.
Published: September 2019

Sulawesi has unique mammalian fauna with high level of endemism. One of the endemic fauna in Sulawesi is Bunomys chrysocomus (Rodentia: Muridae). This study aimed to observed the nematode species parasitizing B. chrysocomus by using scanning electron microscope. Based on the observation nematodes obtained from gastric mucosa was Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914, while from the caecum was Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866. Both nematodes are cosmopolite nematodes which have wide host range and worldwide distribution. The detail morphology and taxonomic status of both nematodes from B. chrysocomus of Sulawesi will be presented here.
Observations of behavioral development on common Porcupines (Hystrix brachyura) undergoing domestication
Authors: Farida W R , Sari A P , Inayah N , Nugroho H A
Published: September 2019

Common porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) is one of the protected mammals in Indonesia. The existence of this species is threatened due to habitat destruction and uncontrolled poaching. In order to maintain the sustainability of porcupine from extinction, the rescue is through captive breeding (ex situ conservation). The process of domestication of porcupine begins with observing the development of its behavior, making it easier to manage in captivity. The aim of the study was to determine the development of porcupine behavior related to the domestication process in captivity. The materials used were four porcupines (two males and two females) around 18 months old and a female porcupine and a young. Each pair of porcupines is placed inside an individual cage (3.9 m long, 2.1 m wide, and 2.6 m high), which has been equipped with a place to feed and drink. The parameters observed were eating and drinking activities, locomotion, resting, eliminative (urinating and defecating), grooming, and agonistic. Whereas the female porcupine and a young observed maternal porcupine care for the young. The observation method is based on one-zero sampling. Observations began at 6:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. with a time interval of 15 minutes. The results showed that daily activity of porcupines included 52.01% resting, 19.95% locomotion, 12.73% grooming, 10.05% feeding, 2.95% agonistic, 1.74% urinating, 0.39% drinking, and 0.18% defecating. Porcupine parental activity in the lactation period is breastfeeding (49.26%), cleansing the young’s body (36.16%), teaching grooming (5.71%), teaching opening the cage door (4.10%), teaching meal (2.89%), and agonistic (1.88%).