bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AĞIR TİCARİ ARAÇLARDA KULLANILAN BİR VOLANIN PARAMETRİK OPTİMİZASYON YÖNTEMİYLE TASARIMININ İYİLEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: SIRMALILAR Mehmet Yalçın , HAKTANIR Murat , SAKLAKOĞLU Nurşen , EŞ Caner
Published: December 2022

Otomotiv endüstrisinde rekabetçi olabilmenin anahtarı ürün geliştirmenin ilk aşamalarında üretim maliyetini ve ürün performansını düşünerek daha iyi yapısal tasarımlar elde etmektir. Son yıllarda sonlu eleman analizindeki gelişmeler daha güvenli ve daha ucuz tasarımların oluşturulmasını sağlamış ve bu yeteneği kazanan firmalar önemli avantajlar elde etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Dönmez Debriyaj firmasında seri üretimi yapılan bir volanın malzeme maliyetini azaltmak üzere boyut optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilgisayar destekli sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile volanın çalışma koşulları simüle edilmiş, parametrik optimizasyon yöntemi ile volan için istenen mekanik özellikleri sağlamanın yanı sıra maliyeti en düşük tutacak şekilde optimizasyon yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonunda volan ağırlığı 27,956 kg’dan 26,019 kg’a düşürülerek, toplam volan ağırlığından %6,93 azaltma sağlanmıştır ve ilgili volan, analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda talaşlı üretim ile revize edilerek üretilmiş ve araç testine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu test sonucunda hiçbir hasarla karşılaşılmamıştır.
OTELLERDE ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİNİ İYİLEŞTİRMEYE YÖNELİK ÇEŞİTLİ YAKLAŞIMLARIN TASARRUF ORANLARINA ETKİSİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: ANTALYA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YAZGAN Seren Öykü , KOÇAK SOYLU Sezgi
Published: December 2022

Türkiye’deki ticari yapılar arasında %35’lik oranla en yüksek enerji tüketimine sahip olan otel binalarında, enerji verimliliği potansiyelinden istifade edilmesi, sürdürülebilir enerji kullanımı için bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, enerji verimliliğini iyileştirmeye yönelik altı farklı yöntem için elektrik tüketiminden elde edilebilecek tasarruf miktarları, Antalya ilindeki 5 yıldızlı anonim bir otel için hesaplanarak kıyaslanmıştır. Antalya ili, turizm tesis sayısının fazlalığı ile enerji verimliliği konusunda yüksek bir potansiyele sahiptir. Analiz edilen yöntemlerin anonim otelde uygulanması halinde, yaklaşık olarak 300,000 TL ile 4,405,000 TL arasında tasarruf edilebileceği belirlenmiştir. Ön görülen tasarruf miktarının en iyi durumda 4 milyon TL’nin üzerinde olduğu düşünüldüğünde, otelin yaklaşık olarak 11 milyon TL olan aylık toplam elektrik giderinin yarı yarıya azaltılabileceğini söylemek mümkündür. Mevcut çalışmada farklı yaklaşımlardan elde edilebilecek tasarruf miktarları, potansiyel uygulamalar öncesinde yol gösterici olması amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Her bir yaklaşımın ilk yatırım ve işletme maliyetleri birbirinden farklı olduğu için geri ödeme sürelerine bağlı olarak elde edilecek ekonomik fayda yerine muhtemel tasarruf miktarlarına odaklanılmıştır.
DOĞAL ALKALİ MALZEMELERİN ÇİMENTOLU MACUN DOLGUNUN DAYANIM-DURAYLILIK VE MİKROYAPI PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ
Authors: YILMAZ Tekin , ERÇIKDI Bayram
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, çimentolu macun dolgu (ÇMD) içerisinde doğal alkali malzemelerin (DAL-M) sülfürlü maden atığına (S-MA) ikame (%5-15) olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Kontrol numuneleri %8,5 bağlayıcı oranında hazırlanırken, DAL-M ikameli numuneler %7,5-8,5 bağlayıcı oranında S-MA yerine kalsitik ve dolomitik kireçtaşı kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Numuneler üzerinde 7-360 gün aralığında basınç dayanımı ve 28-180 günde mikroyapı testleri uygulanmıştır. Dayanım-duraylılık bulguları, DAL-M ikamesinin ÇMD’nin dayanımını arttırdığını ve uzun dönemde meydana gelen dayanım kayıplarını azalttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, 28-360 gün boyunca istenen asgari basınç dayanımı (≥1,0 MPa) %5 DAL-M ikameli ÇMD numuneleri (%7,5) haricinde sağlanmıştır. Mikroyapı sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, kür süresinin artmasıyla tüm numunelerin toplam poroziteleri (ntop) azalmış ve Kontrol numuneleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, S-MA yerine yapılan %15 DAL-M ikamesi numunelerin ntop değerlerini düşürmüştür. ÇMD’nin dayanım-duraylılık ve mikroyapı performansı ve DAL-M’lerin oluşturduğu olası çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, sonuçlar, bu malzemelerin ÇMD karışımlarında kullanımının faydalı olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
YAPIŞKAN PÜSKÜRTME YÖNTEMİMDE ÜRETİM PARAMETRELERİNİN ÖNEMİ VE ÖRNEK UYGULAMA
Authors: BAŞ Hasan , YAPICI Fatih , İNANÇ İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Çalışmada eklemeli imalat yöntemleri, özellikle de yapışkan püskürtme teknolojisinden detaylı bir şekilde bahsedilmiştir. Eklemeli imalat, geleneksel bilgisayar destekli üretimdeki talaş kaldırma prensibinin aksine malzemelerin katmanlar halinde birleştirilerek üst üste eklenmesi prensibine dayanan çok karmaşık geometrili objelerin dahi kolaylıkla üretilmesine imkan sağlayan pratik metodudur. Yapışkan püskürtme, önemli bir eklemeli imalat yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde tanecik morfolojisi, boyutu, dağılımı, toz akışkanlığı, paketleme yoğunluğu, katman kalınlığı, baskı hızı, yapışkan doygunluğu gibi parametreler baskı kalitesini etkilemektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada yapışkan püskürtme yöntemi ile üç farklı katman kalınlığında deney örnekleri üretilerek yüzey kalitesi incelenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre artan katman kalınlığı ile yüzey kalitesinin bozulduğu tespit edilmiştir.
GRAFEN OKSİT TAKVİYESİNİN AA1050 METAL MATRİSLİ KOMPOZİTLERİN ELEKTRİKSEL DİRENÇ VE KOROZYON ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: TÜRKCAN Jülide Hazal , OZDEMİR Oguz Kaan , SARAÇ Mehmet Fahri
Published: December 2022

Alüminyum matrisli kompozitler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar çoğunlukla farklı metalik veya seramik oksit katkılı yapıların ilavesinin mekaniksel ve tribolojik özelliklerini incelemek üzere kurgulanmasından dolayı bu tür yapıların farklı fonksiyonel özellikleri hakkında elde edilen bulgular oldukça sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu kapsamda üstün elektriksel ve korozif direnç özelliği gösteren karbon türevi yapılardan biri olan grafen oksit yapısının AA1050 matrisi ile etkileşimi oldukça ilgi çekici bir hal almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mekanik karıştırmalı döküm yöntemi ile üretilen grafen oksit katkılı AA1050 metal matris kompozitlerin mikroyapı, korozyon ve elektriksel özelliklerinin değişimleri incelenmiştir. Katı hal yöntemlerinin aksine, sıvı hal yöntemlerinden biri olarak bilinen yarı katı döküm tekniği ile yüksek yüzey alanına sahip grafen oksit yapısı, alüminyum matris içerisinde dağılımının sağlanması için seçilmiştir. Artan katkı miktarına bağlı olarak tane yapılarında uniform olarak dağılan grafen oksitlerin malzemenin elektriksel direncini 1kΩ’dan 60MΩ’a yükselttiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, korozif özelliklerine olan etkisi zamana bağlı potansiyel (OCP), Tafel ve anodik polarizasyon eğrileriyle incelenmiş olup, korozif direncin artan grafen oksit miktarıyla artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
TOPRAK DAĞITIMINDA OLUŞABİLECEK GİRİŞİM DURUMUNUN ÖNLENMESİ İÇİN OPTİMİZASYON TABANLI ÇÖZÜM YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: ÇAKICI Ziya , YILDIRIM Mehmet Sinan
Published: December 2022

Karayolu ve demiryolu projeleri gibi ulaştırma projelerinde toprak işleri, proje maliyetinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu tür projelerde, genel olarak, yarma, dolgu ve taşıma işlemlerinin (toprak dağıtımının) en ekonomik şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ulaştırma mühendisliğinde, bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için kullanılan farklı yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de Genel toprak dağıtımı yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada, Genel toprak dağıtımı yönteminde özel bir durum teşkil eden “girişim” oluşumu ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ardışık bir tepe ve bir vadiden veya bir vadi ve bir tepeden oluşan kütleler diyagramında, girişim oluşması durumunda, en uygun taşıma mesafelerinin yeniden belirlenmesi ve girişimin ortadan kaldırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, girişim durumunun gözlemlendiği üç farklı örnek için en uygun taşıma mesafeleri kütleler diyagramına ait matematiksel, geometrik ve trigonometrik veriler göz önünde bulundurularak Diferansiyel Gelişim Algoritması ile yeniden belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, optimizasyon tabanlı çözüm yaklaşımı ile oldukça başarılı sonuçlar elde edilebileceği ve girişim durumunun önlenebileceği görülmüştür.
A Review of Various Treatment Methods for the Removal of Dyes from Textile Effluent
Authors: Kathing Chingrishon , Saini Geeta
Published: December 2022

Wastewater generated by the textile industry has been a major environmental concern for a long. Production of fiber involves various steps and uses a lot of chemicals, dyes, and water. Therefore, the effluent produced from the textile industry needs proper purification before discharging into the water body. The current review summarizes various physical and chemical methods like ion exchange, coagulation-flocculation, membrane separation, membrane distillation, oxidation, ozonation, etc., for wastewater treatment. Along with this, adsorption methods, the various adsorbents used to purify wastewater, and the mechanism involved in adsorption have also been discussed. The biological method utilizes various microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast) as a whole and the enzymes (laccase and azoreductase) secreted by them for wastewater treatment, which have been considered more feasible than physical and chemical methods. The adsorption and biological methods are better than other techniques due to their ability to degrade diverse classes of dye, less accumulation of harmless sludge, and cost-effective and safer approach for the disposal of textile effluent. While physical and chemical methods are expensive and generate toxic sludge, which is difficult to decompose.
THE EFFECT OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS ON THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST
Authors: SANCAR Tekin , YALMAN Fuat
Published: December 2022

Aim: The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the personality characteristics of healthcare workers on their perceptions of organizational support and organizational trust. Method: The population of the research consisted of the employees of the private hospital providing secondary care in three different regions in Istanbul. The convenience sampling method was preferred in the study. The data were collected using the online questionnaire technique. The total number of questionnaires that were evaluated and used in the data analysis is 510. SPSS 23 and AMOS 26 package programs were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were applied to the data. Findings: The findings obtained with the structural equation analysis showed that the construct validity of the model was provided. The direct causal effect of the personality traits of health workers on their perceptions of organizational support is positive, and the effect level is 0.122; On the other hand, it has been determined that the direct causal effect on organizational trust perceptions is positive, and the effect level is 0.225. Results: According to the results obtained from the regression analysis, it is seen that the high level of extraversion, responsibility, and openness characteristics of health workers positively affected their perceptions of organizational support. Therefore, healthcare professionals who are more extrovert, adaptable, and responsible show higher organizational support and organizational trust. It is suggested that personality traits being compatible with the organization may have a positive effect on outputs such as employee performance, job satisfaction, commitment, and motivation, and the study should be expanded in this direction.
Effect of galangal essential oils on rumen microbial population and biodiversity on in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Daning Dewi Ratih Ayu , Widyobroto Budi Prasetyo , Yusiati Lies Mira , Hanim Chusnul
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of administering galangal essential oil (EO) on the abundance of rumen bacteria using the 16s rRNA method. The treatments included a control (no EO addition), galangal EO (30, 60, 120 µL), and cineole (5 µL). The treatments were assessed using a 48‐hour in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid containing a 60:40 ratio of forage to concentrate. For amplification of the prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in region V4, 16s rRNA primer 5’GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGTAA, GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT3’ was employed. The data for rumen microbial abundance were analysed descriptively, while the data for rumen microbial diversity were obtained from the report on the Next Generation Sequencing Method. The microbial composition of each sample was tested for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a 97% identity rate on a valid label. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing yielded a total of 3,977 OTUs. Adding galangal and cineole EOs resulted in the same variation of the Shannon index. The population index (chao1 index) was highest when 60 µL of galangal EO was added, compared to 30 and 120 µL of galangal EO and cineole. In addition, providing 60 µL of galangal EO decreased the abundance of Prevotella ruminicola compared to the control and cineole doses. The addition of galangal EO also led to a decline in the number of Methanobacteriales. The population of the fibre‐degrading bacteria group (Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) was higher in a dose of galangal EO than the control and cineole. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effective dose of galangal EO, i.e. 60 µL/300 mg (DM feed) in vitro, can reduce the abundance of Prevotella bacteria and methanogens.
Purification and characterization of thermostable alpha‐amylase from Geobacillus sp. DS3 from Sikidang Crater, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widiana Dea Rizki , Phon Sotharith , Ningrum Andriati , Witasari Lucia Dhiantika
Published: December 2022

Amylases are considered the most essential enzymes in biotechnology since they are widely utilized in the textile, food processing, and detergent industries. It is necessary to explore extracellular enzymatic activity in several microorganisms to discover a new potential application from amylases. In a previous study, thermophilic bacteria Geobacillus sp. DS3 isolated from Sikidang Crater, Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia showed amylase activity in starch medium at 70 °C. This study aimed to purify and characterize the thermostable alpha‐amylase from Geobacillus sp. DS3. The alpha‐amylase was produced and purified using ammonium sulfate and DEAE Sephadex A‐25 column. The enzyme activity was determined using the 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Geobacillus sp. DS3 optimally produced the alpha‐amylase at 60 °C for 15 h. The alpha‐amylase exhibited high enzymatic activity in 40–60% saturated ammonium sulfate extract. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 58 kDa. The thermostable alpha‐amylase showed activity at the optimum temperature of 50 °C in 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA, PMSF, 2‐ME, and mostly by HgCl2. The Km and Vmax of the pure enzyme were 235.43 mM and 1428.57 U/mL, respectively. The result suggested that the purified thermostable alpha‐amylase from Geobacillus sp. DS3 offers potential application in areas of the food industry, such as the bakery industry.
Pemberdayaan Orang Tua tentang Alih Teknologi Bayam terhadap Status Gizi Balita Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Wahyuningrum Ari Damayanti , Qodir Abdul
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Prinsip keragaman makanan merupakan upaya pencegahan anemia pada balita. Upaya pemenuhan gizi mikronutrien dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bayam yang mengandung zat besi dan dimodifikasi menjadi makanan yang disukai balita melalui pemberdayaan orang tua.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan orang tua tentang alih teknologi bayam terhadap status gizi balita.Metode: Rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 300 orang tua balita, dengan 171 sampel yang diseleksi dengan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil: Pemberdayaan orang tua yang meliputi tingkat pengetahuan orang tua yang baik dengan status gizi anak baik sebesar 94,2%, sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua yang kurang dengan status gizi anak lebih sebesar 50%. Orang tua yang suka menyajikan makanan berbahan dasar bayam secara bervariasi dengan status gizi anak baik sebesar 99,3%, sedangkan orang tua yang tidak suka menyajikan makanan berbahan dasar bayam secara bervariasi dengan status gizi anak lebih sebesar 100%. Sikap orang tua yang mendukung dengan status gizi anak baik sebesar 99,1%, sedangkan sikap orang tua yang tidak mendukung dengan status gizi anak lebih sebesar 100%.Kesimpulan: Nilai p-value=0,001 berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan pemberdayaan orang tua terhadap status gizi balita.
Isolasi mikroalga Aurantiochytrium dari Raja Ampat dan potensinya pada industri bahan baku adjuvant vaksin
Authors: Suhendra Suhendra , Septianingsih Lia , Rizka Ariandi Tifanny , Husna Maratul , Adi Laksana Zen , Yuniasih Dewi , Hutari Andri
Published: December 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan kontribusi akademis potensi mikroalga Aurantiochytrium dari hutan bakau Indonesia. Tulisan ini mempresentasikan gambaran awal penelitian tentang mikroalga Aurantiochytrium mulai dari teknik isolasi mikroalga dari habitatnya, gambaran produksinya, teknik analisa kualitatif squalene hingga analisa potensi ekonomi dan fungsinya untuk bahan baku adjuvant vaksin. Sebanyak 10 sampel daun bakau diambil dari hutan bakau Raja Ampat, Papua Barat. Teknik isolasi menggunakan metode direct plating method. Setelah aplikasi teknik streaking dari koloni mikroalga yang ada pada sampel ke dalam medium agar, dihasilkan 4 isolat murni.  Produksi awal biomassa berbahan baku mikroalga Aurantiochytrium ditampikan dengan nutrisi glucosa, yeast extract, peptone dan campuran air laut dan aquadest. Analisa kualitatif produk yang dihasilkan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan hasil positif adanya sqalene pada biomassa hasil kultivasi isolat mikroalga Aurantiochytrium. Squalene dari hasil fermentasi mikroalga Aurantiochytrium telah banyak dikaji sebagai sumber bahan baku alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan (sustainable), Beberapa adjuvant vaksin, termasuk vaksin covid-19 menggunakan bahan baku mikroalga Aurantiochytrium untuk menggantikan adjuvant vaksin yang bersumber dari ikan hiu laut dalam. Di masa depan, potensi produk mikroalga Aurantiochytrium akan semakin dibutuhkan di banyak industri nutrisi kesehatan dan kosmetik. Mengingat relevansinya untuk masa depan industri strategis terkait di Indonesia, seyogyanya perlu riset mendalam yang lebih banyak dari isolat mikroalga Aurantiochytrium dari hutan bakau Indonesia.
Optimasi proses adsorpsi zat warna indigosol di air limbah artifisial menggunakan response surface methodology dengan pendekatan desirability function
Authors: Sitohang Rifawany Grace , Turnip Nina Juliana Roberta , Aditia Astiti
Published: December 2022

Industri tekstil di Indonesia tumbuh menjadi salah satu sektor penyumbang devisa ekspor non-migas. Proses pewarnaan di industri tekstil berfungsi untuk memberikan warna pada benang dan kain. Indigosol merupakan salah satu jenis zat warna yang banyak digunakan pada industri tekstil. Pewarna jenis indigosol sering digunakan karena menghasilkan warna yang cerah dan tidak mudah luntur. Tahap pewarnaan membutuhkan pengelolaan dan pengolahan limbah cair yang memadai karena umumnya digunakan zat warna sintetis yang mengandung senyawa organik, logam berat, dan senyawa berbahaya lainnya. Metode yang banyak digunakan dalam pengolahan limbah cair zat warna adalah adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Box-Behnken Design (BBD) dengan 3 variabel bebas yaitu panjang gelombang zat warna limbah artifisial, konsentrasi limbah artifisial, dan massa karbon aktif, yang masing-masing variabel memiliki tiga level input. Pengukuran konsentrasi larutan sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan data pengukuran diolah menggunakan Ms. Excel untuk memperoleh persentase penjerapan zat warna pada limbah artifisial. Selanjutnya, proses optimasi dilakukan dengan response surface methodology (RSM) melalui pendekatan desirability function (DF) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh optimasi proses adsorpsi pada limbah zat warna indigosol. Pengukuran absorbansi menghasilkan panjang gelombang optimum untuk masing-masing jenis warna indigosol kuning, merah, dan violet adalah 470, 515, dan 520 nm. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa titik optimum persentase penjerapan berada pada konsentrasi umpan limbah 58,0808 mg/L, massa karbon aktif 60 mg, dan panjang gelombang zat warna 502,3232 nm. Di sisi lain, pengolahan hasil percobaan menunjukkan persentase penjerapan sebesar 97,59% pada konsentrasi umpan limbah 50 mg/L, massa karbon aktif 60 mg, dan panjang gelombang zat warna 515 nm (indigosol merah). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa massa karbon aktif dan konsentrasi umpan pada tempuhan memberikan respons yang diprediksi sesuai hasil optimasi. beda halnya dengan panjang gelombang dari zat warna, karena respons pada hasil optimasi yaitu 502,3232 nm tidaklah merupakan panjang gelombang optimal dari zat warna indigosol merah. Pada percobaan semua istilah interaksi antara faktor kualitatif dan kuantitatif dimasukkan, maka disimpulkan bahwa hubungan berbeda antara faktor kuantitatif dan respons yang dimodelkan untuk setiap tingkat faktor kualitatif.
Contradiction Analysis Method and High-level Athlete Training in Colleges
Authors: Hanshi Liu
Published: December 2022

Since April 1987, the State Education Commission and the State Sports Commission jointly issued the Notice on the Trial Recruitment of High-level Athletes in Some Ordinary Colleges and Universities, and colleges and universities have undertaken the arduous task of cultivating high-level competitive sports talents. After years of exploration and practice, the training of high-level athletes in China’s colleges and universities has gained a lot. However, the training of high-level athletes in colleges and universities is a complex system engineering with many problems. This paper uses literature and comparative analysis to explore the necessity of contradiction analysis to study the training of high-level athletes in colleges and universities, and uses the contradiction analysis method to give relevant measures in view of the problems existing in the current training process of high-level athletes in colleges and universities.
Association of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria with Sanitation of Street Vendors Food
Authors: Kunwor Indira , Basnet Anup
Published: December 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted on street-vended food randomly from different areas of Kathmandu Valley to assess the number of viable bacteria in street food, distribution of different bacteria, antibiotics resistance profile of isolated bacteria, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-Resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in Kathmandu valley. Altogether 339 isolates were identified from one hundred eighty (180) food samples. The average mean plate count ranges from the highest TMTC to the lowest 3.26*108 CFU/ml. In this study, four different spp. of bacteria were identified from different food samples, among them, Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequent isolate 147(43.36%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 120(35.39%), Salmonella spp. 51(15.04%) and Shigella spp. 21(6.19%). S. aureus was susceptible to penicillin (95%) followed by amoxicillin (75%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and nitrofurantoin (57.5%). E. coli was highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin (63.3%) but the Salmonella isolates showed sensitivity towards Amoxicillin which is (76.5%) and Shigella spp. was highly susceptibility towards penicillin (100%) and ciprofloxacin (100%). Distribution of (Multi-Drug Resistant) MDR among total isolates was found to be the highest in Shigella spp. (100%) followed by Salmonella spp. (76.4%), S. aureus (70%) and E. coli (69.38%). Out of 339 isolates, 93 isolates were MRSA and 81 isolates were VRSA, 57 were both MRSA and VRSA. This study showed that the majority of street-vended food items in Kathmandu valley were contaminated with one or more different multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, there is a dire need to implement stringent public health measures to mitigate food-borne diseases.
La costumbre internacional como fuente del Derecho Internacional, su incorporación al derecho interno chileno, información comparativa y consideraciones sobre su regulación constitucional
Authors: Nogueira Alcalá Humberto
Published: December 2022

Custom and its basic characteristics as a source of International Law are analyzed, how it is incorporated into the national legal system in the absence of a positive constitutional norm, considering the jurisprudence of the Chilean courts. Likewise, the comparative information of the constitutions that regulate the incorporation of international customary law into internal law in European constitutionalism and the regulation of its normative force are considered, finally, the constitutional rules that could regulate the incorporation of international customary law and its normative force in our legal system.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' SCIENCE LITERATION ABILITY ON THE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Authors:   Universitas Tidar, Nurmasitoh Qonita Amalia , Rahayu Rina , Muhlisin Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This article explains The Influence of Problem Based Learning Learning Models on Students' Scientific Literacy Ability on the Theme of Environmental Pollution". The research method used is a Quasi-Experimental Design with a non-equivalent control group design. Respondents in the study included 1 teacher and 22 students. The results of the pretest and posttest were used to collect data on students' scientific literacy abilities, which were then analyzed with the help of the SPSS 28 for Windows version program. The control class and the experimental class were found to be normally distributed and homogeneous after being tested using the normality and homogeneity tests. The independent t test was used in testing the hypothesis in this study. The results of the research show value a significance of 0.001 <0.05 indicates that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It can be seen that the experimental class that applied the PBL model and the control class that used Discovery Learning had statistically significant different values. Based on data analysis, the PBL model influences students' scientific literacy skills on the theme of environmental pollution. Therefore, the authors suggest that teachers use the PBL model in teaching in class. Keywords : Problem Based Learning, Scientific Literacy , Environmental Pollution.
THE IMPACT OF GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL USING VIRTUAL PHET EXPERIMENT METHOD ON STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Authors:   Ahmad Dahlan University, Susetyo Bimo , Ishafit Ishafit ,   Ahmad Dahlan University
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of the guided inquiry learning model with the Phet virtual experiment method had more effect on the critical thinking skills of students at SMA N 1 Kalasan compared to conventional learning models. This type of research is a quasi-experimental using an experimental class that uses a guided inquiry learning model and a control class that uses a conventional learning model. Data was collected by conducting pretest and posttest on students' critical thinking skills in both classes. Data analysis was performed using MANOVA analysis. The results showed that the use of the guided inquiry learning model with the Phet virtual experiment method had more effect on students' critical thinking skills than the use of conventional learning models. Keywords: Guided Inquiry, Virtual Phet, Critical Thinking
UTILIZATION OF ACACIA LEAVES (ACACIA MANGIUM) AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE FOR BIO-BATTERY PRODUCTION
Authors:   SMAS Plus Taruna Andalan, Auliya Dola
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to use acacia leaves (Acacia mangium) as an alternative energy source for making bio-battery. Acacia leaves are compound leaves consisting of many leaflets that are located opposite each other. Acacia leaves contain saponins, tannins and phenols. This phenolic compound is an acidic compound that is included in the electrolyte that can generate electricity. Utilization of the content contained in acacia leaves can be a solution to create an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly, namely bio-battery. This research method is experimental and quantitative. Parameters observed in this study are potential difference or voltage, battery current, and battery power. From the results of testing and observation, it is known that acacia leaf extract can be used as an environmentally friendly electrolyte in batteries by producing an average potential difference of 5.54 Volts, and an average current of 0.141 Amperes. This acacia leaf extract bio-battery can power the LED lamp for 216 hours and 25 minutes. With this research it is hoped that it can contribute to the development of environmentally friendly batteries to reduce B3 waste, along with the increasing need for batteries in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords:Acacia mangium, bio-battery
Establishing a system of mobilization bodies and developing a methodology for drawing up mobilization schemes in the USSR during the first Five-Year plan
Authors: Mukhin Mikhail
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on a set of preparatory mobilization measures taken in the Soviet economy in case of war during the first Five-Year Plan. The foreign-policy crisis of 1927, terrorist attacks, military threat and the "march into socialism" prompted the leaders of the USSR to take urgent steps aimed at establishing a system of economic mobilization and developing special mobilization schemes of reserving resources to repulse the acts of aggression. As a result, in the late 1920s, the USSR, for the first time ever, created a well-built system of economic mobilization with the central mobilization body, departments and local mob units. This system remained almost unchanged until the onset of the Great Patriotic War. Alongside with the new structures and system of mobilization planning in the USSR, the nation developed a methodology for compiling mobilization plans. This work was challenging due to new and complex tasks, an acute shortage of resources, as well as the simultaneous collectivization and industrialization amidst the breakdown of the NEP and the transition to a planned distribution system.
An Estimation of Five-decade Long Monkeypox Case Fatality Rate: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Aminul , Ahammed Tanvir , Noor Syed Toukir Ahmed , Hasan Mohammad Nayeem , Hoque M. Nazmul , Tiwari Ananda , Harapan Harapan , Dhama Kuldeep , Islam Tofazzal , Bhattacharya Prosun
Published: December 2022

On July 23, 2022 the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the Monkeypox disease (MPXD) as a worldwide public health issue. This study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the overall case fatality rate (CFR) of MPXD worldwide during 1970–2022. The tenure-tracked MPXD outbreaks associated with CFR were calculated based on available published data from six different periods (i.e., 1970-79, 1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09, 2010-19, and 2000-2022). A total of 229 peer-reviewed accessible articles were investigated, of which, 17 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies on MPXD CFR were published in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) providing 47% of data for the current meta-analysis. The overall pooled CFR of MPXD was 4.14% (range: 0.62% – 9.51%) during 1970–2022. In this study, total of 379 death cases were found from published MPXV based research articles where the pooled estimate CFR was 1.87%. The pooled CFR was higher during the earlier outbreak of the MPXD such as 10.71% in 1970-1979. With the progress of time, the CFR from MPXD followed a decreasing trend and reached 5.38% in 1980-1999 and 4.45% in 2000-2022. Young male children aged< 10 years were found to experience the worst outcome with a CFR of >73.0%. This is the first meta-analysis using 52 years of data which indicates that the CFR of MPXV is decreasing from previous years. The findings of this meta-analysis might be paramount for the policymakers to tackle MPXD and minimize the overall CFR of MPXD through strategic actions.
Genesis of Monkeypox
Authors: Basit Abdul , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Mojahid Hafiza Zoya , Ali Mushtaq
Published: December 2022

A zoonotic orthopoxvirus known as monkeypox inadvertently produces a smallpox-like illness in humans but with far fewer fatalities. This infection is indigenous to most parts of the African continent, with outbreaks throughout the Western World linked to the exotic animal trade and travel abroad, making it therapeutically significant. Vaccinating against smallpox had historically resulted in coincidental immunization against monkeypox, but the eradication of smallpox and the consequent absence of vaccination has allowed monkeypox to develop prognostic significance. In this article, we discuss our interdisciplinary group’s involvement in patient care and epidemic prevention along with a study of the assessment and treatment of monkeypox, and we provide an overview of the outbreak, describe the most frequent effects of monkeypox, and the healthcare professional’s role in preventing infection and reducing fatalities from monkeypox.
An Investigation of the Leadership Challenges amongst Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Venotha A. Sarlin , Mariadoss Dr. S.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Women must live up to collective expectations of what it takes to be a leader while also adhering to particular gender stereotypes. Throughout history, femininity has been portrayed as reliant, meek, and conforming, and as a result, women have been perceived as deficient in leadership traits. The male bias is mirrored in the incorrect view of leadership as merely command or control. Women will be more readily acknowledged as leaders as leadership becomes correctly understood as a process of leaders engaging and mobilizing the human needs of followers, and men will adapt their leadership styles (Burns, 1978). Because women represent more than half of the global talent pool, it is clear that they should be at the forefront of the economic and social scene, not just to be fair, but to ensure that the most prominent minds, men's and women's, are brought together to address the challenges that our societies face. Achieving gender equality in organizations at all levels is a lengthy and difficult path that requires the involvement of the entire company as well as the strong commitment of senior management. This report, The Leadership Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs, provides insight into the ongoing absence of women in leadership posts. Indeed, this study indicates how women talent might be exploited as a competitive advantage to meet the global difficulties that organizations will face soon.
Factors associated with the stigma-discrimination complex towards healthcare workers among university students during the coronavirus pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Cassiani-Miranda Carlos Arturo , Arismendy-López Yinneth Andrea , Álvarez Solorza Isabel , Toxqui Tlachino María , Campo-Arias Adalberto , Tirado-Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Bustamante-Montes Lilia Patricia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: COVID-19-related stigma towards healthcare professionals negatively influences their job performance and well-being, however, this issue has not been sufficiently investigated. Objective: To determine the frequency and variables associated with COVID-19-related stigma toward health care workers in a university population in Mexico. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was sent to 1,054 students between 18 and 29 years of age. Demographic variables, religiosity, fear of COVID-19 and its association with COVID-19-related stigma-discrimination towards health workers (dependent variable) were analyzed. Bivariate analysis and a generalized linear model were performed to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios. Results: The proportion of high stigma-discrimination was 12.4% and was associated with high fear of COVID-19 RPa= 1.51 (95% CI 1.06 - 2.23). Conclusion: the findings highlight the importance of establishing programs to reduce COVID-19-related stigmatization towards healthcare professionals.
Musculoskeletal disorders in university professors who telework due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cristancho Angy Natalia , Almario Barrera Andrea , Castellanos-Domínguez Yeny Zulay
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Teaching virtually can cause symptoms related to muscle pain due to bad postures when working with computers. Objective: To determine the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in university professors who telework during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in professors from health programs at a northeastern Colombian university. The validated Spanish version of the Nordic Kuorinka questionnaire was used (Cronbach’s alpha 0.8-0.9). Using non-probabilistic sampling and an instrument applied virtually, 68 professors were included in the study. The dependent variable was presence of musculoskeletal disorder, whereas the independent ones were the sociodemographic conditions related to telework. The Fisher or were used for qualitative variables. Comparison of means were carried out through Student’s t test. p<0.05 values were interpreted as statistical association. Results: 67.7% of participants reported musculoskeletal disorder in at least one anatomical site, being the neck the one mostly affected. Female gender and seniority in teaching practice showed an association with the disorder (p<0.05). Conclusion: Working conditions triggered by teleworking during the pandemic are associated with the presence of musculoskeletal disorders in professors.
Antioxidant Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Powder as Affected by Slicing and Oven-Drying
Authors: Azizah Siti Nur , Febrianto Noor Ariefandie , Sukardi .
Published: December 2022

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) represents an underutilized by-product of the cocoa commodity. Their utilization has been hindered by their bulkiness, high processingcost and their limited use as food ingredients. A functional and effective processing method is needed to fully optimize this commodity. This study evaluated theeffect of slicing and oven-drying treatment on the antioxidant properties of cocoa pod husk powder. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to contour-plot the drying rate, and antioxidative properties of CPH as the effect of different treatments. A central composited design consisting of three levels of drying temperature (55, 65, and 75°C) and three levels of slice thickness (1, 2, and 3 mm) was used in triplicate. The results showed that this technique could produce CPH powder with a light-brown appearance. Drying at 51-55°C with 1-3 mm thickness produced CPH powder with high antioxidative properties. A quick-drying method with a maximum temperature of 65°C and slice thickness of 0.6 mm could also produce CPH powder with high antioxidative properties. Principal component analysis showed that 65°C might be the maximum drying temperature limit to obtain CPH powder with high phenolic. Drying method used in this study enhanced the potential of CPH powder for food ingredient due to its good appearance and high phenolics characteristic.
Инновационный энергоэффективный квартал «Волжские дворики»: к 30-летнему юбилею РААСН
Authors: Антюфеев Алексей , Корниенко Сергей
Published: December 2022

В 2022 году Российская академия архитекту­ры и строительных наук (РААСН), одна из четырёх государ­ственных академий наук нашей страны, отмечает 30-летний юбилей, к которому волгоградскими учёными представлены результаты научно-исследовательской работы, использован­ные при создании на примере города Волжского Волгоград­ской области проекта инновационного энергоэффективного квартала «Волжские дворики». Город Волжский занимает особое место в планировочной структуре градостроитель­ной системы «Большой Волгоград». Целью проекта является создание квартала нового типа, в котором приоритетность при выборе энергосберегающих технологий имеют градо­строительные, архитектурно-планировочные, конструктивные и инженерно-технические решения. Эти решения одновре­менно направлены на улучшение микроклимата помещений, зданий и территорий, защиту окружающей среды, примене­ние биопозитивных технологий. Конфигурация объектов, их расположение на территории квартала создают комфортную среду обитания. На территории квартала расположено пять многоквартирных 7-8-этажных жилых домов: два одно­секционных, два двухсекционных и один трёхсекционный. Компактные дворовые пространства, ориентированные на юго-восток, изолированы от транспорта, что снижает уровень шума и повышает комфортность проживания. Объ­ёмно-планировочные решения создают безбарьерную среду. Новшества, отражённые в проекте, способствуют созданию нового облика городов и применению передовых технологий строительства в России
Устойчивые города. Формирование градостроительных предпосылок. Часть II
Authors: Герцберг Лора
Published: December 2022

В статье отмечается, что формирование устой­чивых городов представляет комплексную междисциплинар­ную задачу. Рассматриваются градостроительные предпосыл­ки для развития устойчивого города с учётом всех аспектов этого понятия, которое не ограничивается экономической, экологической и социальной устойчивостью. Указывается, что все градостроительные предпосылки отражены в новой концепции 15-минутного города, которая уже реализуется в пределах жилых посёлков и кварталов ряда городов мира; анализируется, что предпринимается в России в рамках этой концепции; обосновывается, почему полная её реализация в ближайшем будущем нереальна для России.

Продолжение. Начало в № 3 за 2022 год
К истории позиционирования транспортной инфраструктуры Крыма новейшего времени: Крымский мост и трасса «Таврида»
Authors: Панухин Петр
Published: December 2022

В статье, посвящённой пятилетней годовщине открытия Крымского моста рассказывается об истории строи­тельства путевого перехода через Керченский пролив. Автор рассматривает первые попытки строительства моста, пред­принятые после Восточной (Крымской) войны британскими инженерами, неосуществлённый проект императора Николая II и фирмы Гюстава Эйфеля, немецкую грузовую канатную дорогу через пролив 1942-1943 годов; железнодорожный мост для участников Ялтинской конференции 1944 года и проект моста 1949 года. В работе также анализируются варианты неосу­ществлённых проектов мостового перехода через Керченский пролив, предлагавшихся в 2015-2016 годы. Автор рассказывает о хронологии строительства, основных этапах возведения и технико-экономических показателях моста. Подчёркивается единство транспортно-логистической структуры Крымского моста и автомобильной трассы Таврида. Также автор рассказы­вает о научных исследованиях и уникальных археологических артефактах, найденных при строительстве моста и трассы.
Peran dan Kontribusi Islam dalam Dunia Ilmu Pengetahuan
Authors: Nurhuda Abid
Published: December 2022

This article aims to describe the role and contribution of Islam in science and its impacts. The method used is descriptive-qualitative with a literature study approach. The results of the study show that the role and contribution of Islam in science and its impact on life are the naqliyyah sciences, where Aqidah is the paradigm, sharia is the standard for its use, and morality is the ethics. The aqliyyah sciences cover medicine, mathematics, science (Physics, Astronomy, and Chemistry), and social sciences (Economics, Geography, and Psychology). In addition, Islam also contributed to translating works into Latin, providing concepts and methodologies to the West, introducing notation and decimal numbers, using works in college, helping to stimulate European thinking, pioneering universities in Europe, maintaining Greco-Persian, spreading new teachings in Europe, and teaching knowledge about hospitals. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan terkait Peran Dan Kontribusi Islam Dalam Ilmu Pengetahuan Beserta Dampaknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran dan kontribusi islam dalam ilmu pengetahuan beserta dampaknya terhadap kehidupan antara lain dalam ilmu-ilmu naqliyyah dimana Aqidah menjadi paradigmanya, syariah standar pemanfaatannya dan akhlak sebagai etikanya. Adapun dalam ilmu-ilmu aqliyyah mencakup ilmu kedokteran, matematika, sains (Fisika, Astronomi dan Kimia) hingga ilmu sosial (Ekonomi, Geografi dan Psikologi). Selain itu islam juga berkontribusi dalam penerjemahan karya kepada bahasa latin, pemberian konsep dan metodologi kepada barat, pengenalan notasi dan angka desimal, penggunaan karya di bangku kuliah, membantu merangsang pemikiran orang Eropa, merintis universitas-universitas di Eropa, pemelihara Greco-Persian, menyebarkan ajaran baru di Eropa dan mengajarkan pengetahuan tentang rumah sakit.
Timur-sultan and Kerim-birdi: Two attacks on Venetian Tana in 1410 and in 1418
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Karpov Sergey P.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of the existence of the Venetian and Genoese trading stations in Tana within the territory of the Golden Horde city of Azak during the internecine war in the Golden Horde between the sons of Toktamysh and Idegei. Through an analysis of sources, an effort is made to determine the circumstances of the attacks of the Golden Horde khans and the level of damage that arose from them. Research materials: Unpublished documents of the State Archives of Venice (Italy), as well as Venetian chronicles and historical works of the 15th–16th centuries. Results and scientific uniqueness: The study of Venetian sources showed that during the second period of turmoil in the Golden Horde which erupted after the defeat of Toktamysh by Tamerlane, Tana trading stations underwent extremely difficult times during the period of the domination of beklerbek Idegei. The point of disagreement between the Tatar khans and the Venetians was the non-payment of a tax for renting land, called terraticum, by the Venetian merchants who traded at the mouth of the Don. The Venetians tried to maneuver between the sons of Toktamysh and the henchmen of Idegei, but since power in the Horde often changed hands at the time, Tana became a hostage in this internecine struggle. In 1410, Tana suffered from an unexpected night raid by Timur Khan and was captured. The damage amounted to between 100,000 and 120,000 ducats. Many Venetian sources tell us about these events, but with great discrepancies in details. Thanks to the inclusion of an important commerce-related source – the protocol of the Venetian judges on petitions – we can determine the exact date of the attack, the name of the khan, and the amount of damage. In 1418, there was an even more devastating second attack on Tana by Khan Kerim-birdi. After that, the Venetian Senate, having comprehensively studied the situation, decided to surround Tana with stone walls and repair its fortifications. Thanks to the erection of strong fortifications at Tana, it was possible for the town to hold out until the Ottoman Turkish conquest in 1475.