bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of a Tracheal Stent on Radiation Dose Distribution via Micro-CT Imaging
Authors: Lin Tao , Ni Xinye , Gao Liugang , Sui Jianfeng , Xie Kai , Chang Shuquan
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

To study the effect of a metal tracheal stent on radiation dose distribution.

Method:

A metal tube bracket is placed in a self-made foam tube sleeve, and micro-computed tomography scanning is performed directly. The foam sleeve containing the metal bracket is placed in a nonuniform phantom for a routine computed tomography scan. The stents in conventional computed tomography images are replaced by the stents in micro-computed tomography images. Subsequently, 2 sets of computed tomography images are obtained and then imported to a radiotherapy treatment planning system. A single photon beam at 0° is designed in a field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, a photon beam of 6 MV, and a monitor unit of 200 MU. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to calculate the dose distribution and obtain the dose curve of the central axis of the field. The dose is verified with thermoluminescence dose tablets.

Results:

The micro-computed tomography images of the tracheal stent are clearer and less false-like than its conventional computed tomography images. The planned dose curves of the 2 groups are similar. In comparison with the images without any stents in place, the doses at the incident surface of the stent in the conventional computed tomography images and at the stent exit surface in the rear of the stent increase by 1.86% and 2.76%, respectively. In the micro-computed tomography images, the doses at the incident surface of the stent and at the exit surface behind the stent increase by 1.32% and 1.19%, respectively. Conventional computed tomography reveals a large deviation between the measured and calculated values.

Conclusion:

Tracheal stent based on micro-computed tomography imaging has a less effect on radiotherapy calculation than that based on conventional computed tomography imaging.
Endovascular Repair for Ruptured Axillary Artery Aneurysm Proximal to Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Takigawa Tomoya , Tokunaga Shigehiko , Baba Hironori , Hisahara Manabu , Ochiai Yoshie , Ando Yusuke , Miyagi Chihiro
Published: April 2019

Axillary artery aneurysms are uncommon and potentially high-risk lesions threatening the upper extremities. In hemodialysis patients, arteriovenous fistulae creation rarely triggers aneurysmal degeneration and arterial aneurysms in inflow arteries. These aneurysms are usually treated by surgical repair. However, this may lead to complications because of the anatomical complexity surrounding aneurysms of axillary arteries. We report a patient undergoing hemodialysis who had a ruptured ipsilateral axillary artery aneurysm proximal to vascular access. We successfully treated it by endovascular repair with the GORE Excluder AAA contralateral leg endoprosthesis, approaching from the left brachial artery proximal to the shunt. No complications occurred during 15 months after the endovascular repair.
Muscle Talk Online and Impression Formation Based on Body Type: Comparisons Between Asian American and Caucasian American Males
Authors: Taniguchi Emiko , Lee Hye Eun
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate how individuals form impressions about the self-esteem and life satisfaction of a male who engages in muscle talk on Facebook. The study examined (a) how a target’s body build and peer-generated comments influence observers’ impression of him, and (b) how such influences might be moderated by the cultural backgrounds of observers (Asian Americans and European Americans). A mock-up Facebook profile page was created in which two factors were manipulated: the target’s body build (muscular, average, and overweight) and peer-generated messages (muscle encouraging and muscle discouraging), creating six different conditions. Male college students ( N = 508) were randomly assigned to one of the conditions. After viewing a mock-up Facebook page online, participants completed an online questionnaire assessing their impressions of the target’s self-esteem and life satisfaction. Results showed that a muscular target was perceived as possessing higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction. Observers rated the target as having higher self-esteem when the target received muscle-encouraging messages than when the target received muscle-discouraging messages. No cultural differences were identified. Findings suggest the existence of weight bias when forming psychological impressions of others online. Findings also confirmed the important role of peer-generated messages in the impression formation process online.
Non-inertial stopping characteristics of a prototype pump
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhu Zu-Chao , Li Wen-Guang , Jia Xiao-Qi
Published: April 2019

The characteristics of centrifugal pump in non-inertial stopping period have not been studied better by far. In this article, the variation characteristics of transient performance of a prototype pump are clarified experimentally in five non-inertial stopping scenarios and three typical steady-flow rates. The effects of stopping time on the transient performance during stopping periods are explored. Meanwhile, three non-dimensional parameters are employed to analyze the transient behavior as well. The results show that the shorter the stopping time is, the more obvious the decline delay phenomenon in rotational speed is at the end of non-inertial stopping. There is an obvious decline delay phenomenon in flow rate at the beginning of stopping. With increasing steady flow rate before stopping, both head and flow rate decline faster. Despite the difference in stopping time, the static pressures at the pump outlet demonstrate a similar variation feature, while those at the pump inlet exhibit different characteristics. The head damping is the fastest and then the shaft power and the flow rate are followed. The non-dimensional instantaneous flow rate, head, and shaft power have a similar evolution characteristic overall. The affinity law for centrifugal pumps can be adopted to predict the transient performance under the condition of large steady flow rate and in the superslow stopping scenario.
A novel neuromodulation strategy to enhance the prefrontal control to treat pain
Authors: Zhou Haocheng , Zhang Qiaosheng , Martinez Erik , Dale Jahrane , Robinson Eric , Huang Dong , Wang Jing
Published: April 2019

Effective pharmacological treatment options for chronic pain remain very limited, and continued reliance on opioid analgesics has contributed to an epidemic in the United States. On the other hand, nonpharmacologic neuromodulatory interventions provide a promising avenue for relief of chronic pain without the complications of dependence and addiction. An especially attractive neuromodulation strategy is to optimize endogenous pain regulatory circuits. The prefrontal cortex is known to provide top-down control of pain, and hence neuromodulation methods that selectively enhance the activities in this brain region during pain episodes have the potential to provide analgesia. In this study, we designed a low-frequency (2 Hz) electrical stimulation protocol to provide temporally and spatially specific enhancement of the prefrontal control of pain in rats. We showed that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex relieved both sensory and affective responses to acute pain in naive rats. Furthermore, we found that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex also attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of chronic pain. Together, our findings demonstrated that low-frequency electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex represents a promising new method of neuromodulation to inhibit pain.
Tachykinins modulate nociceptive responsiveness and sensitization: In vivo electrical characterization of primary sensory neurons in tachykinin knockout (Tac1 KO) mice
Authors: Gutierrez Silvia , Alvarado-Vázquez P Abigail , Eisenach James C , Romero-Sandoval E Alfonso , Boada M Danilo
Published: April 2019

Since the failure of specific substance P antagonists to induce analgesia, the role of tachykinins in the development of neuropathic pain states has been discounted. This conclusion was reached without studies on the role of tachykinins in normal patterns of primary afferents response and sensitization or the consequences of their absence on the modulation of primary mechanonociceptive afferents after injury. Nociceptive afferents from animals lacking tachykinins (Tac1 knockout) showed a disrupted pattern of activation to tonic suprathreshold mechanical stimulation. These nociceptors failed to encode the duration and magnitude of natural pronociceptive stimuli or to develop mechanical sensitization as consequence of this stimulation. Moreover, paw edema, hypersensitivity, and weight bearing were also reduced in Tac1 knockout mice 24 h after paw incision surgery. At this time, nociceptive afferents from these animals did not show the normal sensitization to mechanical stimulation or altered membrane electrical hyperexcitability as observed in wild-type animals. These changes occurred despite a similar increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in sensory neurons in Tac1 knockout and normal mice. Based on these observations, we conclude that tachykinins are critical modulators of primary nociceptive afferents, with a preeminent role in the electrical control of their excitability with sustained activation or injury.
X-ray induces mechanical and heat allodynia in mouse via TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation
Authors: Cun-Jin Su , Jian-Hao Xu , Xu Liu , Feng-Lun Zhao , Jie Pan , Ai-Ming Shi , Duan-Min Hu , Yun-Li Yu , Tong Liu , Yu-Song Zhang
Published: April 2019

Radiotherapy-related pain is a common adverse reaction with a high incidence among cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and remarkably reduces the quality of life. However, the mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced pain are largely unknown. In this study, mice were treated with 20 Gy X-ray to establish ionizing radiation-induced pain model. X-ray evoked a prolonged mechanical, heat, and cold allodynia in mice. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 were significantly upregulated in lumbar dorsal root ganglion. The mechanical and heat allodynia could be transiently reverted by intrathecal injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist capsazepine and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonist HC-030031. Additionally, the phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Jun NH2-terminal Kinase (JNK) in pain neural pathway were induced by X-ray treatment. Our findings indicated that activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 is essential for the development of X-ray-induced allodynia. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeting on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 may be promising prevention strategies for X-ray-induced allodynia in clinical practice.
Identifying chondrogenesis strategies for tissue engineering of articular cartilage
Authors: Chen Michael J , Whiteley Jonathan P , Please Colin P , Ehlicke Franziska , Waters Sarah L , Byrne Helen M
Published: April 2019

A key step in the tissue engineering of articular cartilage is the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes (native cartilage cells). Chondrogenesis is regulated by transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β), a short-lived cytokine whose effect is prolonged by storage in the extracellular matrix. Tissue engineering applications aim to maximise the yield of differentiated MSCs. Recent experiments involve seeding a hydrogel construct with a layer of MSCs lying below a layer of chondrocytes, stimulating the seeded cells in the construct from above with exogenous TGF- β and then culturing it in vitro. To investigate the efficacy of this strategy, we develop a mathematical model to describe the interactions between MSCs, chondrocytes and TGF- β. Using this model, we investigate the effect of varying the initial concentration of TGF- β, the initial densities of the MSCs and chondrocytes, and the relative depths of the two layers on the long-time composition of the tissue construct.
Prostaglandin Infusion in Neonate With Severe Coarctation of the Aorta With Closed Ductus Arteriosus—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bansal Neha , Balakrishnan Preetha L. , Aggarwal Sanjeev
Published: April 2019

We report the case of a premature newborn diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta after spontaneous closure of ductus arteriosus who was successfully managed with prostaglandin E1 infusion until surgical repair could be performed. This case, together with a review of the literature, suggests an important role for prostaglandin in the management of coarctation even in the absence of a patent ductus arteriosus. The putative mechanism for the utility of prostaglandin infusion is that it may relieve the obstruction in neonates with severe coarctation by not only opening of the ductus but, in select cases, relaxing the ductal tissue encircling the aortic isthmus region. We also found a possible dose dependence of the efficacy of the prostaglandin infusion when the ductus is closed.
Pure and Objective Thinking: Interest and Desire
Authors: Odudukudu Martin
Published: April 2019

Jonas indicated that educators interpret/apply concepts of interest differently. Dewey, following the different ways that teachers apply concepts of student interest, categorized teachers as advocates of efforts and as advocates of autonomy. Renninger and Heidi claimed that the greatest defect in the psychology of learning is the lack of an adequate theory of interest. Together, Dewey, Jonas, and Renninger and Heidi claim that a scientific theory of interest has yet to be developed. Despite the importance of and the need to understand the place of student interest in teaching practices, a theory on students’ interest is still unclear because many articles ask the wrong research questions. Specifically, Krapp and Renninger and Heidi emphasized that research on interest does not reflect a shared view of interest. Educational researchers and practitioners define and apply concepts of interest differently; they do not develop or operate with shared views of students’ interest or engage one another in learning about students’ interest or in learning to help students develop interest in learning. Using the phenomenological method, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the leading theories of student interest and develop a theory that explains how concepts of student interest relate to performance. Findings from this study are intended to help teachers develop an increased understanding of the concepts of student interest and to help students learn optimally.
Patient Experiences With Integrated Pain Care: A Qualitative Evaluation of One VA’s Biopsychosocial Approach to Chronic Pain Treatment and Opioid Safety
Authors: Purcell Natalie , Zamora Kara , Gibson Carolyn , Tighe Jennifer , Chang Jamie , Grasso Joseph , Seal Karen H
Published: April 2019

Background

Mounting concern about the risks and limited effectiveness of opioid therapy for chronic pain has spurred the implementation of novel integrated biopsychosocial pain care models in health-care systems like the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). However, little is known about patient experiences with these new care models.

Objective

We conducted a qualitative study to examine patient experiences with a pain care model currently being disseminated at the VA: interdisciplinary, integrated pain teams (IPTs) embedded in primary care.

Method

We interviewed 41 veterans who received care from VA’s first IPT to learn how working with the team impacted their pain care and quality of life. We asked about their overall experience with IPT, what worked and did not work for them, and what changes they would recommend to improve IPT care.

Results

The interviews revealed a wide spectrum of patient experiences and varying perspectives on the extent to which the new model improved their pain and quality of life. Thematic analysis shed light on factors impacting patients’ experiences, including pretreatment goals and expectations as well as attitudes toward opioids and nonpharmacological treatments.

Conclusion

We discuss the implications of our findings for national efforts to implement biopsychosocial pain care, and we offer recommendations to promote patient-centered implementation.
A 17-Year-Old Girl With Unilateral Headache and Double Vision
Authors: Rodriguez-Homs Larissa G. , Goerlitz-Jessen Mark , Das Samrat U.
Published: April 2019

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is characterized by a painful ophthalmoplegia secondary to a granulomatous inflammation in or adjacent to the cavernous sinus. Magnetic resonance imaging will show enhancement of the cavernous sinus and/or the orbital apex. Although this syndrome is extremely rare in children, it should be a diagnostic consideration in patients presenting with painful ophthalmoplegia with variable involvement of cranial nerves II to VI. The differential diagnosis for unilateral cavernous sinus lesion is broad, including vascular lesions (cavernous sinus thrombosis), inflammatory processes (sarcoidosis, autoimmune), neoplastic processes (schwannoma, lymphoma), as well as infectious etiologies. We describe a pediatric patient presenting with neurological symptoms from a unilateral cavernous sinus magnetic resonance imaging abnormality and the thorough diagnostic approach to arrive at the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease: A Rare Cause of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Hajouli Said , Moustafa Muhamad Alhaj , Memoli Jessica S. Wang
Published: April 2019

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare entity that is usually mistaken with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but is considered class I′ of PAH. It is important to subclassify PVOD and distinguish it from PAH as treatment with vasodilators in PVOD patients is controversial and may be fatal. In this article, we describe a case of PVOD and how we diagnosed it.
A Rare Case of a Transgender Female With Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Treated With Radiotherapy and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ali Naba , Sindhu Kunal , Bakst Richard L.
Published: April 2019

We are reporting a case of a 54-year-old transgender female with a history of breast augmentation with bilateral silicone implants. Seventeen years later, she presented with an enlarging right breast mass. Pathology confirmed breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ann Arbor Stage IIE, TNM Stage III BIA-ALCL). The patient underwent bilateral capsulectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy with adjuvant CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to the right chest, axilla, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. BIA-ALCL is a rare entity, especially in transgender females. We report this case and a review of the literature in this report.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Clinical Practice Patterns: A Survey of the PRiSM Society
Authors: Greenberg Elliot M. , Greenberg Eric T. , Albaugh Jeffrey , Storey Eileen , Ganley Theodore J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) requires extensive postoperative rehabilitation. Although no ideal rehabilitation procedure exists, most experts recommend a fusion of time and strength and functional measures to guide decision making for activity progression during rehabilitation. This process is often directed by surgeon protocols; however, the adoption of contemporary rehabilitation recommendations among surgeons is unknown.

Purpose:

To understand the current landscape of surgeon practice as it relates to ACLR rehabilitation recommendations in adolescent athletes.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

An online survey was distributed among members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society in January 2017. The survey was designed to identify clinical practice patterns during 3 key transitional points of rehabilitation after ACLR: progression to jogging, modified sports activity, and unrestricted return to sports.

Results:

Responses from 60 orthopaedic surgeons were analyzed. While 80% of surgeons agreed upon initiating jogging within a 1-month range (3-4 months postoperatively), similar levels of agreement were only captured when including a wider 4-month (4-8 months) and 6-month range (6-12 months) for modified sports activity and unrestricted return to sports, respectively. All respondents (100%) reported using knee strength as a determinant to progress to modified sports activity; however, the mode of testing varied, with most using manual muscle testing (60%), followed by isokinetic (28%) or isometric (12%) testing. Most surgeons (68%) reported using some form of functional testing to return to modified sports activity, but the mode of testing and required progression criteria varied considerably among all reported testing procedures. The use of patient-reported outcome measures was limited to 20% of the sample, and no respondents reported using fear or self-efficacy questionnaires. Upon completion of rehabilitation, 73% recommended injury prevention programs, and 50% recommended the use of a functional ACL brace.

Conclusion:

Rehabilitation progression practices in adolescent athletes are variable and become more inconsistent as the time from surgery increases. While the majority of the sample considered strength and functional testing important, the mode of testing and criteria thresholds for activity advancement varied considerably.
Epidemiological Patterns of Patellofemoral Injuries in Collegiate Athletes in the United States From 2009 to 2014
Authors: Trojan Jeffrey D. , Treloar Joshua A. , Smith Christopher M. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: April 2019

Background:

As many as 30% of patients with knee pain seen in sports medicine clinics have complaints related to the patellofemoral joint. There is a paucity of research available regarding patellofemoral injuries, mechanism of injury, and playing time lost in collegiate athletes.

Purpose:

To describe the rates, mechanisms, severity, and potential sex-based differences of patellofemoral injuries in collegiate athletes across 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data from the 2009-2010 through the 2013-2014 academic years were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program and were analyzed to calculate patellofemoral injury rates, mechanisms of injury, time lost, and need for surgery. Rate ratios and injury proportion ratios were used to quantify discernible differences between sex-comparable sports and timing of injury (ie, practice vs competition), respectively.

Results:

The overall patellofemoral injury incidence rate was 16.10 per 100,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Women’s volleyball had the highest incidence of all sports (39.57 per 100,000 AEs). Injuries were 66% more likely to occur in competition than during practice. Female athletes experienced significantly more patellofemoral injuries than males in similar sports. Patellar tendinitis accounted for 49.2% of all patellofemoral injuries and was the most common injury in 20 of 25 studied sports. Patellar subluxation accounted for the most total days missed, and patellar dislocation had the highest mean days missed per injury (11.42 days). Patella fracture was the most likely injury to require surgery (80%).

Conclusion:

Patellofemoral injuries were most common in sports that require jumping and quick changes of direction, specifically women’s volleyball, men’s and women’s basketball, and women’s soccer. The majority of patellofemoral injuries in this cohort were classified as patellar tendinitis caused by overuse. Most injuries resulted in no competition or practice time lost. This information may contribute to the development of prevention programs aimed at addressing the most prevalent types and mechanisms of injury in each sport to reduce the incidence of patellofemoral injury in these athletes.
Differences in Working Memory Capacity Affect Online Spoken Word Recognition: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Nitsan Gal , Wingfield Arthur , Lavie Limor , Ben-David Boaz M
Published: April 2019

Individual differences in working memory capacity have been gaining recognition as playing an important role in speech comprehension, especially in noisy environments. Using the visual world eye-tracking paradigm, a recent study by Hadar and coworkers found that online spoken word recognition was slowed when listeners were required to retain in memory a list of four spoken digits (high load) compared with only one (low load). In the current study, we recognized that the influence of a digit preload might be greater for individuals who have a more limited memory span. We compared participants with higher and lower memory spans on the time course for spoken word recognition by testing eye-fixations on a named object, relative to fixations on an object whose name shared phonology with the named object. Results show that when a low load was imposed, differences in memory span had no effect on the time course of preferential fixations. However, with a high load, listeners with lower span were delayed by ∼550 ms in discriminating target from sound-sharing competitors, relative to higher span listeners. This follows an assumption that the interference effect of a memory preload is not a fixed value, but rather, its effect is greater for individuals with a smaller memory span. Interestingly, span differences affected the timeline for spoken word recognition in noise, but not offline accuracy. This highlights the significance of using eye-tracking as a measure for online speech processing. Results further emphasize the importance of considering differences in cognitive capacity, even when testing normal hearing young adults.
Computer-Based Connected-Text Training of Speech-in-Noise Perception for Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Green Tim , Faulkner Andrew , Rosen Stuart
Published: April 2019

An interactive method for training speech perception in noise was assessed with adult cochlear implant users. The method employed recordings of connected narratives divided into phrases of 4 to 10 words, presented in babble. After each phrase, the listener identified key words from the phrase from among similar sounding foil words. Nine postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant users carried out 12 hr of training over a 4-week period. Training was carried out at home on tablet computers. The primary outcome measure was sentence recognition in babble. Vowel and consonant identification in speech-shaped noise were also assessed, along with digit span in noise, intended as a measure of some important underlying cognitive abilities. Talkers for speech tests were different from those used in training. To control for procedural learning, the test battery was administered repeatedly prior to training. Performance was assessed immediately after training and again after a further 4 weeks during which no training occurred. Sentence recognition in babble improved significantly after training, with an improvement in speech reception threshold of approximately 2 dB, which was maintained at the 4-week follow-up. There was little evidence of improvement in the other measures. It appears that the method has potential as a clinical intervention. However, the underlying sources of improvement and the extent to which benefits generalize to real-world situations remain to be determined.
Extracurricular Activities and Student Outcomes in Elementary and Middle School: Causal Effects or Self-selection?
Authors: Carbonaro William , Maloney Emily
Published: April 2019

Participation in extracurricular activities (ECAs) is positively related to cognitive and socioemotional outcomes for children and adolescents. The authors argue that because of methodological limitations, prior research failed to address the self-selection of advantaged families into ECAs, which raises concerns regarding whether ECA participation is causally related to student outcomes. In this article, the authors present an analytical model that provides a stronger test of causal relationships. The authors analyze data from six waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 (K–8) and construct a cross-lagged panel model with student fixed effects. Overall, the findings suggest that participation in ECAs during elementary school has small but positive causal effects on academic ability, which grow larger in later grades (third grade through eighth grade). The findings provide little evidence that greater ECA participation improves students’ socioemotional skills in either early or later grades. Overall, the findings validate some prior research while raising questions about the internal validity of other findings.
Anticholinergic Burden and Dry Mouth in Middle-Aged People
Authors: Tiisanoja A. , Syrjälä A.-M.H. , Kullaa A. , Ylöstalo P.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Anticholinergic burden refers to the cumulative effect of taking 1 or more drugs with anticholinergic properties. At the moment, little is known about the association between the anticholinergic burden and dry mouth.

Objectives:

The objective of this article was to study, whether an anticholinergic burden is associated with dry mouth among middle-aged people.

Methods:

The study population included 1,345 people aged 46 y from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) study, who took part in a clinical medical and dental examination during 2012–2013. Medication data comprised both self-reported drug use and information obtained from the national register. Anticholinergic burden was measured using 10 different anticholinergic scales. Dry mouth was defined on the basis of having either a subjective feeling of dry mouth (xerostomia) or objectively measured low unstimulated or stimulated whole salivary flow rates (hyposalivation). Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate relative risk (RR). Regression models were adjusted for sex, smoking, diabetes, rheumatoid diseases, depressive symptoms, anxiety, total number of drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.

Results:

Approximately 14% of the participants reported having xerostomia and about 2% had hyposalivation. The RRs of different anticholinergic scales for xerostomia varied from 1.05 to 1.68. The scales’ RRs were between 0.89 and 2.03 for low unstimulated whole salivary flow (<0.1 mL/min) and between 0.59 and 1.80 for low stimulated whole salivary flow (<0.7 mL/min). Seven of 10 studied anticholinergic scales associated statistically significantly with dry mouth, either with xerostomia or hyposalivation.

Conclusion:

Most of the anticholinergic scales were associated with dry mouth, either with xerostomia or hyposalivation. There was considerable variation in the strength of the associations between anticholinergic scales and dry mouth.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The findings of this study suggest that dentists should take notice of the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties and their harmful effects among middle-aged people. Dentists should provide these patients with necessary guidance on how to cope with dry mouth and give them prophylactic measures against oral diseases associated with dry mouth.
A parsimonious 3-gene signature predicts clinical outcomes in an acute myeloid leukemia multicohort study
Authors: Wagner Sarah , Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Tasian Sarah K. , Altmann Heidi , Bornhäuser Martin , Pockley A. Graham , Ball Graham R. , Rutella Sergio
Published: April 2019

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous hematological malignancy with variable responses to chemotherapy. Although recurring cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations are important predictors of outcome, 50% to 70% of AMLs harbor normal or risk-indeterminate karyotypes. Therefore, identifying more effective biomarkers predictive of treatment success and failure is essential for informing tailored therapeutic decisions. We applied an artificial neural network (ANN)–based machine learning approach to a publicly available data set for a discovery cohort of 593 adults with nonpromyelocytic AML. ANN analysis identified a parsimonious 3-gene expression signature comprising CALCRL, CD109, and LSP1, which was predictive of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). We computed a prognostic index (PI) using normalized gene-expression levels and β-values from subsequently created Cox proportional hazards models, coupled with clinically established prognosticators. Our 3-gene PI separated the adult patients in each European LeukemiaNet cytogenetic risk category into subgroups with different survival probabilities and identified patients with very high–risk features, such as those with a high PI and either FLT3 internal tandem duplication or nonmutated nucleophosmin 1. The PI remained significantly associated with poor EFS and OS after adjusting for established prognosticators, and its ability to stratify survival was validated in 3 independent adult cohorts (n = 905 subjects) and 1 cohort of childhood AML (n = 145 subjects). Further in silico analyses established that AML was the only tumor type among 39 distinct malignancies for which the concomitant upregulation of CALCRL, CD109, and LSP1 predicted survival. Therefore, our ANN-derived 3-gene signature refines the accuracy of patient stratification and the potential to significantly improve outcome prediction.
How corporate headquarters add value in the digital age
Authors: Schmitt Jan , Decreton Benoit , Nell Phillip C.
Published: April 2019

How will digitalization influence the role of corporate headquarters (CHQs) and their relationships with their operating units? We recently asked 67 senior CHQ managers this question. The results suggest that CHQs expect to become more powerful and more involved in their operating units. These conclusions seem to be driven by perceptions that the ongoing digitalization will provide CHQ managers with more timely and better information. In this “Point of View,” we discuss the potential pitfalls of such a narrative. We also offer ideas for how to avoid mistakes and ensure that CHQs increase their value-added in times of digitalization. In particular, we suggest that CHQs place emphasis on social interactions for data to be effectively collected and analyzed, for decision-making power to be adequately allocated, and for CHQ involvement to be informed and necessary.
Parameter crosstalk and modeling errors in viscoacoustic seismic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Keating Scott , Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: April 2019

Simultaneous use of data within relatively broad frequency bands is essential to discriminating between velocity and [Formula: see text] errors in the construction of viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion (QFWI) updates. Individual frequencies or narrow bands in isolation cannot provide sufficient information to resolve parameter crosstalk issues in a surface seismic acquisition geometry. At the same time, too broad a frequency band introduces significant problems in the presence of modeling errors. The risk of modeling errors arising in QFWI is high because of the range of very different geologic contributors to attenuation and dispersion and the variety of available mathematical descriptions. We perform numerical tests that suggest that by relaxing the typical requirement that the frequency dependence of the assumed intrinsic attenuation model be self-consistent across the full spectrum, significant improvement in the fidelity of the inversion results can be obtained in cases where the attenuation model assumed in the inversion differs substantially from the true subsurface behavior. We find that the size of the frequency bands used in this inversion approach is a useful hyperparameter controlling trade-off between crosstalk reduction and flexibility in coping with uncertain physics.
ΝΕΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΤΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΥ 1828-1832 ΑΛΛΗΛΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΗ ΙΩ. ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΟΙΚΟ FIRMIN DIDOT FRÈRES
Authors: ΛΟΥΚΟΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Published: April 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΧΕΙΡΟΓΡΑΦΑ ΤΟΥ ΙΩΑΝΝΗ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΥ (1864-1946) ΣΤΟ ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΑΓΙΑΣΟΥ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΛΗΨΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΔΡΕΑ ΚΑΛΒΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ Δ. Ν. ΒΕΡΝΑΡΔΑΚΗ
Authors: ΜΑΘΙΟΥΔΑΚΗ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: April 2019

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ
Stage 1 Registered Report: A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on family carers who combine work with care
Authors: Lafferty Attracta , Phillips Dominique , Paul Gillian , Fealy Gerard , Fahy Majella , Dowling-Hetherington Linda , Duffy Clare , Moloney Breda , Kroll Thilo
Published: April 2019

Background: Family carers are considered the backbone of care provision in the community for those who are dependent due to frailty, disability or chronic illness. As the proportion of older people increases worldwide, it is anticipated that there will be a corresponding increase in reliance on family carers. Furthermore, due to the increasing participation of women in the workforce and delayed retirement, the proportion of carers who combine paid employment with caregiving responsibilities is likely to increase. Consequently, support for family carers who balance work with care is becoming a growing health, business, economic and social issue. However, research in this field is somewhat fragmented.

Aim: This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review which aims to systematically and comprehensively map out the available published and unpublished literature on family carers who combine work with caring responsibilities.

Methods: The scoping review will be undertaken in six steps: (1) identify the research question; (2) identify relevant studies; (3) select studies; (4) chart the data; (5) collate, summarise and report the results and (6) consult with relevant stakeholders. The review will be guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework guidelines to ensure methodological and reporting quality. A minimum of two reviewers will independently review articles for inclusion within the review. The review process will be iterative and the research question(s) and search strategy will be refined as the review progresses.

Conclusion: This review will provide a mapped synthesis of the extent and nature of the available published and unpublished literature on family carers who juggle the competing demands of caregiving and paid work. Findings will be used to determine whether there is merit in carrying out a full systematic literature review and will provide direction for the next steps of a larger research project, which aims to support family carers in the workplace.
Development of student competencies for palliative care
Authors: Carrillo Gloria Mabel , Gómez Olga Janeth , Díaz Lorena Chaparro , Carreño Sonia Patricia
Published: April 2019

Aim:

Identify the palliative care learning needs of healthcare students and determine the acceptability of an innovative learning strategy for palliative care named competencia para cuidar en el hogar-paliar (CUIDAR-PALIAR) aimed to increase students' competencies.

Methods:

A single-group mixed methods design was used. A questionnaire was designed and semi-structured interviews were used to determine the palliative care competencies of undergraduate students; 90 students participated in the strategy.

Findings:

The learning needs of students are: approaches to death and loss, how to intervene with the patient's family, understanding of the palliative care context, management of the patient's pain and symptoms and the development of therapeutic communication skills.

Conclusion:

The strategy is highly accepted by students, and statistically significant increases in palliative care were observed before and after the intervention. These preliminary results justify future interventions due to the potential effect of the strategy CUIDAR-PALIAR in the development of competencies for palliative care in undergraduate students.
Aspecto da sazonalidade nos parâmetros físico – químicos da água dos poços, Raposa - Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Thacylla Wanessa dos Santos de , Silva Sergio Henrique Pinto da , Silva Darlan Ferreira , Viana Juliane Flávia Cançado , Firmo Wellyson Da Cunha Araújo , Silva Maria Raimunda Chagas
Published: April 2019

A água potável é um dos principais meios para preservação da saúde humana, entretanto, a água que não possui o tratamento adequado pode servir como um potencial veículo para transmissão de doenças, pois é capaz de veicular inúmeras enfermidades a partir de falhas no controle de qualidade dos mananciais e reservatórios que fornecem água para população, seja por ingestão ou por contato da pele e mucosas com a água contaminada. O aumento da demanda por água potável e os riscos de contaminação dos poços subterrâneos por se encontrarem próximos a fossas e depósitos inadequados de lixo são alguns dos problemas enfrentados pelo Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE) do município de Raposa.  Com o auxílio de Análises das Componentes Principais, foram geradas três Componentes Principais (CP) explicando mais de 75% da variância total entre os períodos estudados. Nas CP1, CP2 e CP3 foram enquadradas as variáveis pH, turbidez, condutividade, sólidos totais dissolvidos, teor de nitrato e nitrito relacionadas a variação em períodos sazonais.
The influence of risk perception, risk tolerance, overconfidence, and loss aversion towards investment decision making
Authors: Nur Aini Nadya Septi , Lutfi Lutfi
Published: April 2019

This study aims to examine the effect of risk perception, risk tolerance, overconfidence, and loss aversion on investment decision making. The sample in this study were workers in Surabaya and Jombang, East Java. There were 400 respondents taken using a questionnaire through the survey method. This study used PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model) as a data analysis technique. The results showed that risk perception has a significant and negative effect on investment decision making, risk tolerance and overconfidence have a significant and positive effect on investment decision making, while loss aversion has no effect on investment decision making. This research is expected to provide an overview of how to deal with risk in investment and how to avoid behavioral biases in investment decisions making.
A Psychometric Investigation of the Personality Traits Underlying Individual Tax Morale
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas , Luchini Stéphane , Malézieux Antoine , Shogren Jason F.
Published: April 2019

Why do people pay taxes? Rational choice theory has fallen short in answering this question. Another explanation, called “tax morale”, has been promoted. Tax morale captures the behavioral idea that non-monetary preferences (like norm-submission, moral emotions and moral judgments) might be better determinants of tax compliance than monetary trade-offs. Herein we report on two lab experiments designed to assess whether norm-submission, moral emotions (e.g. affective empathy, cognitive empathy, propensity to feel guilt and shame) or moral judgments (e.g. ethics principles, integrity, and moralization of everyday life) can help explain compliance behavior. Although we find statistically significant correlations of tax compliance behavior with empathy and shame, the economic significance of these correlations are low–—more than 80% of the variability in compliance remains unexplained. These results suggest that tax authorities should focus on the institutional context, rather than individual preference characteristics, to handle tax evasion.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Forced-Air Cooling of Commercial Packaged Strawberries
Authors: Wang Da , Lai Yanhua , Zhao Hongxia , Jia Binguang , Wang Qiang , Yang Xiangzheng
Published: April 2019

The numerical simulation model of forced-air cooling of strawberries in a clamshell and a box was established by using computational fluid dynamics method. The cooling process of the simulation and the experiment results agreed well in different conditions, indicating that the simulation model was validated. The results showed that the 7/8 cooling time was 180 min, 135 min, 108 min and 100 min and the cooling uniformity coefficients were 0.31, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26 when the diameters of B-vent(the vent on the box) were 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, respectively. The 7/8 cooling time decreased and the cooling uniformity coefficient improved, when the shape of C-vent (the vent on the clamshell) changed from round to rectangular. The 7/8 cooling time also deceased and the cooling uniformity coefficient increased, when the area of C-vent with both round and rectangular shapes increased. These results indicate that both B-vent and C-vent had significant effect on reducing the cooling time and the improving cooling uniformity for strawberries, It is suggested that the optimized vent ratio of B-vent (the diameter is 40 mm) and C-vent (15 mm round or 20 mm × 15 mm rectangular) for the current commercial packaged strawberries were 9.4 % and 8.5 %, respectively.
Pedalling Technique and Postural Stability During Incremental Cycling Exercise – Relationship with Cyclist FMSTM Score
Authors: Rannama Indrek , Pedak Kirsti , Reinpõld Karmen , Port Kristjan
Published: April 2019

Purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in the pedalling kinetics and in the ground reaction forces as a measure of the cycling stability during an incremental cycling exercise. Furthermore, we compared the effectiveness of the pedalling technique and postural stability between the high and low Functional Movement Screen score (FMSTM) cyclists and analysed the relationships between the cycling specific postural stability, pedalling kinetics and cyclists FMSTM test scores. 31 competitive cyclists (18.5±2.1y; 1.81±0.06m; 73.7±7.5kg) were categorized based on the (FMSTM) test results in a low (LS, n=19; FMS≤14) and a high (HS, n=12; FMS>14) score group. The pedalling effectiveness and absolute symmetry indexes, as well the ground reaction force (GRF) were measured during incremental cycling exercise. Cycling specific postural stability was expressed as the body mass corrected standard deviation of 3 linear and 3 angular GRF components during a 30sec cycling at four power levels. We found that during incremental cycling exercise the pedalling effectiveness, smoothness and cyclist’s swaying in all three planes increased according to the combined effect of the workload and fatigue. Cyclists with high FMSTM score showed a lower bilateral pedalling asymmetry and a greater cycling specific postural stability, but showed no differences in the pedalling effectiveness and smoothness compared with the LS cyclists. Cyclist’s FMSTM score were moderately related with the stability components acting along the horizontal plane. The pedalling effectiveness, smoothness and bilateral asymmetry were inversely related to the components acting perpendicularly to the horizontal plane.
Lipari (Aeolian Islands) Obsidian in the Late Neolithic. Artifacts, Supply and Function
Authors: Martinelli Maria Clara , Tykot Robert H. , Vianello Andrea
Published: April 2019

This study focuses on the Neolithic, particularly on the emergence and development of the Diana Culture in the Aeolian Islands. Since the 1950s, the archaeological excavations unearthed parts of a settlement in a plain near the sea, contrada Diana in Lipari. We discuss the technological and typometric study of obsidian from trenches XVII, XXI, and XXXVI. A series of pXRF analyses on obsidian were carried out to identify their sources. A selection of retouched and non-retouched artifacts was examined, showing the higher variability in forms than at importing sites. This significance of this workshop area on prehistoric trade is assessed.