bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Molecular Architecture of Lineage Allocation and Cellular Organization in Tooth Morphogenesis
Authors: Jiang Shengjie , Zhang Yuning , Zheng Huimin , Zhao Kai , Yang Yue , Lai Binbin , Deng Xuliang , Wei Yan
Published: November 2024

The remarkable evolution of teeth morphological complexity represents a giant leap for vertebrate. Despite its importance in life history, the understanding of spatiotemporal organization of teeth remains rudimentary. Herein, a high‐resolution genome‐wide molecular patterning of lineage allocation and cellular organization in tooth morphogenesis is described, constructed by integrating spatial transcriptome and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Twelve spatial compartments and seventeen heterogeneous cell clusters linked to tooth morphogenic milestones are identified. Eighty‐eight percent of total lineage species has already appeared in the initial tooth bud rather than the generally considered sequential emergence. A previously unrecognized sprouting‐like patterning mode of the dental papilla is discovered, that the inner compartment can break through the outer shell compartment to build up the final papilla cusp. Meanwhile, the continuum differentiation hierarchies of enamel knots in time and space are revealed. Furthermore, the regulatory network directing tooth morphogenesis is established, whereby a series of mechanotransduction signals are spatiotemporally involved beyond the well‐established classical odontogenesis signals. Finally, genes underlying tooth dysplasia are successfully tracked to highly specific time points and cell types. The results raise the idea that tooth morphogenesis is orchestrated by mechanical niches combined with biochemical signaling.
Cellulose‐Based Transparent Edible Antibacterial Oxygen‐Barrier Coating for Long‐Term Fruit Preservation
Authors: Cui Yuqian , Cheng Yixiu , Xu Zhan , Li Bingchun , Tian Weiguo , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2024

Long‐term preservation of fresh fruit and vegetables without a cold chain is a great challenge to food security because fruits and vegetables are highly vulnerable to poor storage conditions. Fruit spoilage is a complex biochemical process that involves many factors, including microbial reproduction, oxidation, metabolism, and H2O evaporation. Only the synergy of the multiple spoilage inhibition methods can achieve long‐term freshness preservation. Herein, a multifunctional cellulose‐based preservation coating with antibacterial, oxygen/water vapor barrier, and antioxidant properties is proposed, which is based on cellulose microgel (CMG) and prepared using multi‐component composites with montmorillonite (MMT), cationic cellulose derivative (Cell‐P+), and L‐ascorbic acid (Vc). It has good wetting properties on fruits with different surfaces. This method can successfully preserve the long‐term freshness of various fruits. This highly transparent, edible, and washable multifunctional cellulose‐based fruit preservation coating can improve the quality of agricultural products, extend the shelf life of food, and reduce the cost of cold‐chain transportation.
Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Production and Economic Feasibility: Direct versus Indirect Coupling of Photovoltaic Systems with Electrolyzers
Authors: González del Valle Alfonso , García‐Linares Pablo , Martí Antonio
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen production using photovoltaics (PV) is essential for decarbonizing many sectors of the economy. The integration of PV and hydrogen electrolyzers is actively debated, with focus on direct versus indirect configurations and the option of storage. Direct configuration connects PV directly to the electrolyzer, offering simplicity and reduced installation costs but depends on the weather for efficient power transfer. Indirect configuration adds a power stage, increasing complexity and losses, but enabling maximum power tracking. Adding batteries allows storage of excess PV energy, extending hydrogen production. This study optimizes a PV generator to maximize annual hydrogen production in the direct configuration, then uses the same PV array for indirect configurations with and without batteries for a fair comparison. Results show that the indirect configuration with a battery yields 78% more hydrogen annually than without a battery and 109% more than the direct configuration. The indirect configuration with a battery uses 86.9% of PV energy for hydrogen production, yielding the highest profit at 2.53 € ⋅ W−1 (euros per watt‐peak of PV), compared to the direct and indirect configurations without a battery, which use 41.9% and 44.6% of PV energy and generate 1.49 and 1.83 € ⋅ W−1, respectively.
The ADNI Administrative Core: Ensuring ADNI's success and informing future AD clinical trials
Authors: Nosheny Rachel L. , Miller Melanie , Conti Catherine , Flenniken Derek , Ashford Miriam , Diaz Adam , Fockler Juliet , Truran Diana , Kwang Winnie , Kanoria Shaveta , Veitch Dallas , Green Robert C. , Weiner Michael W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Administrative Core oversees and coordinates all ADNI activities, to ensure the success and maximize the impact of ADNI in advancing Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and clinical trials. It manages finances and develops policies for data sharing, publications using ADNI data, and access to ADNI biospecimens. The Core develops and executes pilot projects to guide future ADNI activities and identifies key innovative methods for inclusion in ADNI. For ADNI4, the Administrative Core collaborates with the Engagement, Clinical, and Biomarker Cores to develop and evaluate novel, digital methods and infrastructure for participant recruitment, screening, and assessment of participants. The goal of these efforts is to enroll 500 participants, including > 50% from underrepresented populations, 40% with mild cognitive impairment, and 80% with elevated AD biomarkers. This new approach also provides a unique opportunity to validate novel methods.

Highlights

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Administrative Core oversees and coordinates all ADNI activities.

The overall goal is to ensure ADNI's success and help design future Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials.

A key innovation is data sharing without embargo to maximize scientific impact.

For ADNI4, novel, digital methods for recruitment and assessment were developed.

New methods are designed to improve the participation of underrepresented populations.
Imaging, biomarkers, and vascular cognitive impairment in China: Rationale and design for the VICA study
Authors: Cui Mei , Jin Zishuo , Wang Yingzhe , Jiang Jiwei , Peng Sisi , Wei Qiang , Zhang Shuting , Tuo Qingzhang , Xie Junchao , Leng Haixia , Wang Hongxing , Zhao Yanxin , Lei Peng , Xu Jun , Wang Kai , Zhang Junjian , Jiang Yanfeng , Ding Ding , Xie Fang , Yu Jintai , Dong Qiang ,   VICA Investigators
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is highly heterogeneous, with unclear pathogenesis. Individuals with vascular risk factors (VRF), cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and stroke are all at risk of developing VCI. To address the growing challenges posed by VCI, the “Vascular, Imaging and Cognition Association of China” (VICA) was established.

METHODS

VICA aims to recruit 10,000 participants, including 2000 with VRF, 3000 with CSVD, and 5000 stroke patients, to form a nationwide multicenter cohort. The study integrates clinical, neuroimaging, and multi‐omics data to better understand VCI heterogeneity, improve disease prediction, and ensure timely diagnosis.

RESULTS

VICA has screened 2045 eligible VRF participants from six communities in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Taizhou, along with 602 CSVD and 1269 stroke patients from 135 hospitals nationwide. Baseline enrollment and follow‐up work are still ongoing.

DISCUSSION

Establishing a high‐quality longitudinal cohort is crucial for understanding VCI pathogenesis and developing novel markers for early screening and diagnosis.

Highlights

Establish a large‐scale prospective longitudinal cohort comprising 10,000 participants, focusing on the high‐risk population of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in China.

Establish a nationwide three‐tier medical network, make full use of resources, and achieve extensive enrollment of patients with cerebral small vessel disease and stroke patients.

Utilize multimodal imaging and biomarkers to lay the foundation for constructing more‐precise risk models.

Introduce eye movement and gait analysis as new methods for assessing cognitive function.

Use positron emission tomography to further investigate the interaction between vascular factors and neurodegeneration.
Cerebrovascular markers of WMH and infarcts in ADNI: A historical perspective and future directions
Authors: Maillard Pauline , Fletcher Evan , Carmichael Owen , Schwarz Christopher , Seiler Stephan , DeCarli Charles ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and infarcts found on magnetic resonance imaging (MR infarcts) are common biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the methods, publications, and conclusions stemming from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) related to these measures. We combine analysis of WMH and MR infarct data from across the three main ADNI cohorts with a review of existing literature discussing new methodologies and scientific findings derived from these data. Although ADNI inclusion criteria were designed to minimize vascular risk factors and disease, data across all the ADNI cohorts found consistent trends of increasing WMH volumes associated with advancing age, female sex, and cognitive impairment. ADNI, initially proposed as a study to investigate biomarkers of AD pathology, has also helped elucidate the impact of asymptomatic cerebrovascular brain injury on cognition within a cohort relatively free of vascular disease. Future ADNI work will emphasize additional vascular biomarkers.

Highlights

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are common to advancing age and likely reflect brain vascular injury among older individuals.

WMH and to a lesser extent, magnetic resonance (MR) infarcts, affect risk for transition to cognitive impairment.

WMHs and MR infarcts are present, even among Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants highly selected to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the primary pathology.

WMH burden in ADNI is greater among individuals with cognitive impairment and has been associated with AD neurodegenerative markers and cerebral amyloidosis.

The negative additive effects of cerebrovascular disease appear present, even in select populations, and future biomarker work needs to further explore this relationship.
Large‐scale deep proteomic analysis in Alzheimer's disease brain regions across race and ethnicity
Authors: Seifar Fatemeh , Fox Edward J. , Shantaraman Anantharaman , Liu Yue , Dammer Eric B. , Modeste Erica , Duong Duc M. , Yin Luming , Trautwig Adam N. , Guo Qi , Xu Kaiming , Ping Lingyan , Reddy Joseph S. , Allen Mariet , Quicksall Zachary , Heath Laura , Scanlan Jo , Wang Erming , Wang Minghui , Linden Abby Vander , Poehlman William , Chen Xianfeng , Baheti Saurabh , Ho Charlotte , Nguyen Thuy , Yepez Geovanna , Mitchell Adriana O. , Oatman Stephanie R. , Wang Xue , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Runnels Alexi , Beach Thomas , Serrano Geidy E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Lee Edward B. , Golde Todd E. , Prokop Stefan , Barnes Lisa L. , Zhang Bin , Haroutunian Varham , Gearing Marla , Lah James. J , De Jager Philip , Bennett David A , Greenwood Anna , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Levey Allan I. , Wingo Aliza , Wingo Thomas , Seyfried Nicholas T.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, yet our comprehension predominantly relies on studies within non‐Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Here we provide an extensive survey of the proteomic landscape of AD across diverse racial/ethnic groups.

METHODS

Two cortical regions, from multiple centers, were harmonized by uniform neuropathological diagnosis. Among 998 unique donors, 273 donors self‐identified as African American, 229 as Latino American, and 434 as NHW.

RESULTS

While amyloid precursor protein and the microtubule‐associated protein tau demonstrated higher abundance in AD brains, no significant race‐related differences were observed. Further proteome‐wide and focused analyses (specific amyloid beta [Aβ] species and the tau domains) supported the absence of racial differences in these AD pathologies within the brain proteome.

DISCUSSION

Our findings indicate that the racial differences in AD risk and clinical presentation are not underpinned by dramatically divergent patterns in the brain proteome, suggesting that other determinants account for these clinical disparities.

Highlights

We present a large‐scale proteome (∼10,000 proteins) of DLPFC (998) and STG (244) across AD cases.

About 50% of samples were from racially and ethnically diverse brain donors.

Key AD proteins (amyloid and tau) correlated with CERAD and Braak stages.

No significant race‐related differences in amyloid and tau protein levels were observed in AD brains.

AD‐associated protein changes showed a strong correlation between the brain proteomes of African American and White individuals.

This dataset advances understanding of ethnoracial‐specific AD pathways and potential therapies.
Cationic Metal‐Organic Layer Delivers siRNAs to Overcome Radioresistance and Potentiate Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Ma Xin , Jiang Xiaomin , Wang Zitong , Fan Yingjie , Li Jinhong , Chow Cathleen , Wang Chaoyu , Deng Chenghua , Lin Wenbin
Published: November 2024

Radiotherapy plays an important role in modern oncology, but its treatment efficacy is limited by the radioresistance of tumor cells. As a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, survivin plays a key role in developing radioresistance by mediating apoptosis evasion, promoting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and modulating cell cycle dynamics. Efficient downregulation of survivin expression presents a promising strategy to enhance the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. Herein, we report the design of a hafnium‐porphyrin‐based cationic metal‐organic layer (CMOL) with quaternary ammonium capping groups to deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for enhanced radiotherapy. The CMOL@siRNA nanoplatform not only increased energy deposition from X‐rays and reactive oxygen species generation via a unique radiotherapy‐radiodynamic therapy process, but also effectively delivered siRNAs to downregulate survivin expression and ameliorate radioresistance of cancer cells. Consequently, CMOL@siRNA in combination with low‐dose X‐ray irradiation demonstrated remarkable antitumor efficacy with 96.9 % and 91.4 % tumor growth inhibition in murine colorectal carcinoma and triple‐negative breast cancer models, respectively.
Modified Si3N4 filler enhancing the energy storage performance and thermal stability of a P(VDF‐HFP) based composite
Authors: Yang Zi , Xia Weimin , Zhang Shiyu , Zhang Xiaofang , Zhang Xinyi
Published: November 2024

To improve the high‐temperature stability of poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF‐HFP)‐based composite film for its potential application in energy storage, the modified silicon nitride (mSi3N4) nanoparticles are fabricated using silane coupling agent (KH‐570) and introduced into P(VDF‐HFP). When the mass fraction of mSi3N4 is 7.5 wt%, the recoverable energy density (Wrec) of the mSi3N4/ P(VDF‐HFP) composite film reaches to 1.79 J/cm3 under a 125 MV/m electric field, which is 82.7% higher than pure P(VDF‐HFP). Interestingly, the dielectric properties of mSi3N4/P(VDF‐HFP) show a considerable thermal stability at a high‐frequency ranging from −20 to 160°C, providing an effective approach for preparing energy storage composites working for high‐temperature environments.
Behaviours of Sea Turtles in Shipwrecks in Northeast Brazil
Authors: da Silva Leitão Alana Thaís Teixeira , de Oliveira Alves Maria Danise , dos Santos José Carlos Pacheco , Bezerra Bruna
Published: November 2024

Shipwrecks are one of the most common types of artificial reefs. They are home to several sea creatures, including sea turtles. Here, we aim to understand the relationship between sea turtles and shipwrecks by investigating species occurrence, behaviours and food availability in artificial reefs in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil.

To map sea turtle occurrence in shipwrecks, we considered data from the literature, and we inspected 54,145 photos resulting from 867 recreational dives performed in 19 shipwrecks. We then selected four wrecks for systematic behavioural observations through 97 h and 56 min of passive video recordings. We also investigated potential food resources for turtles in these shipwrecks.

We identified three turtle species (i.e., Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata and Caretta caretta), but most records were juvenile Chelonia mydas individuals using conserved wrecks. We recorded nine behaviours. ‘Resting’ was the predominant activity for all three species, representing over 60% of the records for all species. Their overall activity pattern varied. The wrecks were predominantly encrusted with ascidia, octocoral, sponge and algae—organisms that are part of sea turtles' diet. We highlight the ecological role of the shipwrecks for sea turtles since they may serve as shelter (especially for the juveniles of Chelonia mydas), potentially protecting them against predators and strong currents. The wrecks may also serve as potential feeding areas for sea turtles. We reinforce the need to establish appropriate regulations for recreational dive tourism in shipwrecks in Brazil to avoid disturbing sea turtles in this ecologically important artificial reef.
Utilization of Tin(IV) Complex of N‐Confused Porphyrin for Antiproliferative Activity and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Chemotherapy
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Chaudhary Pankaj , Prasad Ramasare , Sankar Muniappan
Published: November 2024

Sn(IV) complex of N‐Confused Porphyrin (Sn(IV)‐NCP) has been prepared and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques to verify its structure and purity. Sn(IV)‐NCP shows a red shift in both the Soret and Q bands compared to the free base NCTPP. The last Q band appears in the NIR region. Based on these characteristics, we investigated the antiproliferative properties and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a‐PDT) efficiency of Sn(IV)‐NCP against the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Further, we investigated the photodynamic activity of Sn (IV)‐NCP against Michigan cancer foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cancer cells, to assess its potential as an effective therapeutic agent. Treated MCF‐7 cells with the compound show cytotoxic effects as compared to the untreated ones. At a higher concentration (128 μg/ml), Sn(IV)‐NCP exhibited 90 % inhibition, while at a lower concentration (32 μg/ml), it showed 70 % inhibition in MCF‐7 cells. The IC50 value for this compound against MCF‐7 cells was found 16.67 μg/ml. At 32 μg/ml, Sn(IV)‐NCP showed only around 4 % cell inhibition, indicating minimal cytotoxic effects on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293).
Drinking water buffer intensity simulator (BIS): Development and practical simulations
Authors: Wahman David G. , Schock Michael R. , Lytle Darren A.
Published: November 2024

An established body of research over many decades has identified the importance of both bulk‐water and pipe scale surface microenvironment buffering to meet distribution system pH targets and reduce corrosivity toward metallic piping and components. Buffer intensity quantifies the ability of water to resist pH changes, and the greater the buffer intensity, the more resistant the water is to pH changes. To provide a practical tool for exploring buffer intensity, a buffer intensity simulator (BIS) was implemented in open‐source R code, incorporating typical chemical species (e.g., carbonate and orthophosphate) that contribute to drinking water buffer intensity along with temperature and ionic strength impacts. The BIS was verified against a parallel spreadsheet implementation and is publicly available at https://github.com/USEPA/BIS. Simulations were conducted to illustrate impacts related to buffer intensity using three practical scenarios: carbonate buffering in drinking waters, temperature impacts, and free ammonia presence from chloramine use and/or source water presence.
Strong Red Luminescence in Europium Complexes Solution for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Yang Xue , Gao Dangli , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiangyu , Pang Qing , Chai Ruipeng , Yun Sining
Published: November 2024

Eu3+‐activated phosphors with distinct photoluminescence properties are well‐suited for diverse applications, including lighting, sensing, and imaging. Despite their potential, the large‐scale and energy‐efficient production of Eu3+‐doped phosphors remains a significant challenge for industrial applications. This research delves into the luminescent performance of Eu3+ ions in nitrate solutions at room temperature by employing detailed spectroscopic characterization. Results reveal vibrant red luminescence at 594 nm and 616 nm in europium nitrate solutions, irrespective of concentration or solvent. We proposed a luminescent mechanism based on the formation of coordination complexes in nitrate solution. Furthermore, the investigation highlights the superior performance of NH2‐ over CH2‐ligands in mitigating the deactivation of Eu3+ emissive state induced by OH− oscillators in H2O solvent, leading to enhanced photoluminescence. Particularly, europium nitrate solutions without lengthy preparation exhibit ligand‐dependent luminescent feature, showcasing potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting and coordination group structure detection. This study here not only enhances our understanding of rare earth luminescence mechanisms, but also broadens the range of rare earth luminescent materials.
Perfusion Process Intensification for Lentivirus Production Using a Novel Scale‐Down Model
Authors: Klimpel Maximilian , Pflüger‐Müller Beatrice , Cascallana Marta Arrizabalaga , Schwingal Sarah , Lal Nikki Indresh , Noll Thomas , Pirzas Vicky , Laux Holger
Published: November 2024

Process intensification has become an important strategy to lower production costs and increase manufacturing capacities for biopharmaceutical products. In particular for the production of viral vectors like lentiviruses (LVs), the transition from (fed‐)batch to perfusion processes is a key strategy to meet the increasing demands for cell and gene therapy applications. However, perfusion processes are associated with higher medium consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate small‐scale models to reduce development costs. In this work, we present the use of the acoustic wave separation technology in combination with the Ambr 250 high throughput bioreactor system for intensified perfusion process development using stable LV producer cells. The intensified perfusion process developed in the Ambr 250 model, performed at a harvest rate of 3 vessel volumes per day (VVD) and high cell densities, resulted in a 1.4‐fold higher cell‐specific functional virus yield and 2.8‐fold higher volumetric virus yield compared to the control process at a harvest rate of 1 VVD. The findings were verified at bench scale after optimizing the bioreactor set‐up, resulting in a 1.4‐fold higher cell‐specific functional virus yield and 3.1‐fold higher volumetric virus yield.
Comparison of augmented reality with other teaching methods in learning anatomy: A systematic review
Authors: Williams Ally , Sun Zhonghua , Vaccarezza Mauro
Published: November 2024

Augmented reality (AR) has been investigated as an engaging educational tool that motivates undergraduate health science students to learn human anatomy. AR technology is developing rapidly, supporting medical education by presenting models of human anatomy as digital objects overlaid in the real world via mobile or head‐mounted display (HMD). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a post‐pandemic analysis of AR compared with other methods for teaching anatomy and to determine the effects of AR on learning outcomes (LOs). Original research published between January 2020 and April 2024 was obtained from the WOS, Scopus, MEDLINE(Ovid), EMBASE, and PubMed databases, following PRISMA 2020 protocols. Articles included for analysis compared AR with alternative pedagogical methods of teaching undergraduate human anatomy. Studies that described AR as “mixed reality” (MR) were included, while those describing “virtual reality” (VR) were not considered. Risk of bias and limitations in individual studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool. Data were synthesized using a convergent integrated approach with LOs tabulated for visual analysis. A total of 17 articles were eligible for review: nine studies comparing AR via HMD hardware, and eight comparing mobile AR. The LOs of 12 studies were overwhelmingly reported as non‐significant. Insufficient data precluded an accurate meta‐analysis of LOs, and critical analysis revealed a considerable risk of bias and lack of justified methodology. While AR holds potential for supporting undergraduate students in learning anatomy, definitive outcomes from the current literature are limited by the heterogeneous nature of the studies and inconsistent use of terminology. It is recommended that future research employs professional AR technologies and incorporates the perspectives of university educators to ensure reliable outcomes that can direct the further development of AR technology in medical education.
Psychological Distress in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thomas Kezia Reji , Joshua Catherine , Ibilibor Christine
Published: November 2024

Objective

Bladder cancer patients experience high levels of disease and treatment‐related distress, however, factors that can mitigate patient‐reported psychological distress are poorly characterized. Thus, this study serves to summarize the burden of psychological distress among bladder cancer patients and identify clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors that are associated with varying levels of psychological distress.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of studies examining psychological distress in bladder cancer patients. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO from October 2000 to February 2024 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Associations between clinical, psychological, socioeconomic factors, and psychological distress were identified in each study and extracted. The protocol for this review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024495568).

Results

Using our search strategy, 759 articles were retrieved and 17 met inclusion criteria, representing 2572 bladder cancer patients. Tumor stage (n = 3), younger age (n = 2), female sex (n = 2) the preoperative setting (n = 2), depression/anxiety (n = 2), and negative psychological response to illness (n = 2) were common factors associated with increased psychological distress. Transitioning from the preoperative to the postoperative period (n = 2), postoperative inpatient rehabilitation (n = 2), feeling well informed (n = 2), and social support (n = 2) were associated with decreased psychological distress.

Conclusion

While clinical factors associated with increased psychological distress are nonmodifiable, clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors associated with decreased psychological distress can be improved upon by healthcare providers to mitigate the distress that bladder cancer patients experience.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity Evaluation of Novel Triazole Thione/Thioether Derivatives Containing a Pyridylpyrazole Moiety
Authors: Fan Wenqi , Huang Xiaobing , Yu Shujing , Bian Qiang , Wang Baolei
Published: November 2024

Compounds containing N‐pyridylpyrazole motif have aroused interest and brought about research hotspots due to their highly‐efficient insecticidal activity. The fungicidal potential of N‐pyridylpyrazole derivatives has gradually been disclosed in recent years. To discover new agrochemicals with poly‐heterocyclic features, a series of novel triazole thione/thioether derivatives containing pyridylpyrazole motif (8–11) was synthesized. The new compounds were identified by melting point, 1H‐NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis. The bioassays showed that most of the pyridylpyrazole‐containing triazole thione Mannich bases possessed favorable in vitro fungicidal activity toward pathogenic fungi, such as Magnaporthe oryzae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium verticillioides, and were comparable with those of the contrast compounds A and triadimefon. Some of them exhibited moderate to good in vivo fungicidal activity against S. sclerotiorum at 0.2 mg/mL (e. g. 8f control efficacy: 60.9±3.2 %). The SEM observation displayed that 8f might cause disruption of cell membrane and wall of S. sclerotiorum. Compounds 8a, 8c, 8f–8h, 8p and 9b can serve as promising new fungicidal agents to make further structural optimization. The findings in this article provide useful clue and guidance for the design and development of new poly‐heterocyclic agrochemicals.
SIADH secondary to rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Bibek , Shrestha Pradeep , Shrestha Prabin , Bastakoti Sudip , Gupta Prahlad , Magar Shiva Ram Ale
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Invasive fungal mucormycosis and its outcome as SIADH and orbital apex syndrome is uncommon. Mucormycosis in paranasal sinuses can even lead to intracranial invasion and its treatment with the use of amphotericin B can cure improve the prognosis of the disease. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antifungal, endoscopic surgery, and controlling of diabetes can be beneficial.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic invasive fungal infection which is rare and fatal and can even cause intracranial invasion leading to SIADH. The infrequency with which mucormycosis with SIADH is encountered makes it a formidable diagnostic challenge. 70‐year‐old women uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presented with bilious vomiting and persistent headache with ptosis, proptosis, absence of extraocular movement, pupillary light reflex, and light perception of left eye. Radiographic investigation, KOH mount, and Biopsy showed mucormycosis in sinus with intracranial extension leading to SIADH. Further investigation revealed hyponatremia, decreased plasma osmolality. Then, when diabetes was controlled and hydrocortisone and amphotericin was given along with Endoscopic sinus debridement, SIADH was well controlled. This case illustrates the potential of mucormycosis in paranasal sinuses can even lead to intracranial invasion and its treatment with the use of amphotericin B can cure improve the prognosis of the disease. Prompt diagnosis through clinical history, radiological investigation, and laboratory parameters are important and its treatment is crucial for the better prognosis.
Prognosis and diagnosis prediction of lung adenocarcinoma outcome based on a novel model anchored in circadian clock‐related genes
Authors: Perbal Bernard
Published: November 2024

The transition of JCCS from Springer to Wiley was rich in future prospects and was confirmed by the Journal reorganization launched in 2019. However, in spite of my recently renewed demand, the “B&B” section of the Journal (Bits and Bytes not be confused with Bed and Breakfast, albeit…) did not fit into the Wiley Publishing categories and had to be dropped, to the great disappointment of many authors and our readership. This Editorial will fill the gap by discussing new published aspects on the topic of the connections existing between circadian cellular signaling and cancer prognosis, with the identification of eight genetically significant clock‐related genes in lung cancer.
Sustainable Production of BioAIE Materials From Biomass
Authors: Zhong Weiren , Lin Yuting , Zhao Zhichen , Cai Xu‐Min , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

The research of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials has aroused extensive interests during the past 20 years. Until recently, biomass‐inspired AIE (BioAIE) materials have become highly attractive owing to the advantages of natural structural diversity, renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the biomass. In this concept, we focus on the sustainable production of BioAIE materials from biomass resources (biomacromolecules and small natural products) through extraction, chemical conversion, and physical conversion. Chemical conversion is especially stated, including catalytic conversion, schiff base reaction, “in water” reaction, and other chemical modifications. The luminescence mechanism of AIE behaviors along with their structure–property relationships is emphasized, and the applications are addressed as well. An outlook is provided to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with the future development trend in this field.
Dryland pea seeding rates can be reduced without yield or economic penalty
Authors: Carr Patrick M. , Fordyce Simon I. , Koeshall Samuel T. , Lamb Peggy F. , Miller Perry R. , Torrion Jessica A. , Vetch Justin M.
Published: November 2024

Montana is the leading producer of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the United States. A density of 8 to 10 plants ft−2 is recommended when growing field peas in that state, but this recommendation is based on work done elsewhere. Field experiments were conducted in central Montana from 2021 through 2023 and at three additional locations in the final year to determine the yield and the economically optimum plant population (EOPP) when growing field peas for grain. The semi‐leafless, yellow‐cotyledon variety Montech 4152 was planted at five rates (5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 pure live seed [PLS] ft−2) in all 3 years with two additional rates (3 and 15 PLS ft−2) added in the final year. A minimum plant density of 6 to 8 plants ft−2, or planting field pea at 7 to 9 PLS ft−2, produced a grain yield comparable to or greater than amounts produced at other seeding rates. The minimum EOPP across the six experiments ranged from 3 (2.8) to 7 (6.4) plants ft−2, corresponding to a seeding rate of 3 to 7 PLS ft−2. However, more weeds were observed when field pea was planted at 3 PLS ft−2 than at higher rates in one of the experiments. A field pea density of 6 to 8 plants ft−2 is sufficient to optimize grain yield and economic returns in Montana and similar dryland environments.
Analysis of Macromolecular Size Distributions in Concentrated Solutions
Authors: Chaturvedi Sumit K. , Schuck Peter
Published: November 2024

The solution state of macromolecules in concentrated solutions impacts fields ranging from cell biology, to colloid chemistry and engineering of protein pharmaceuticals. Dependent on the interplay between repulsive and weakly attractive forces, proteins may exhibit oligomerization, aggregation, crystallization, liquid‐liquid phase separation, or the formation of multiprotein complexes. The particle size‐distribution is a key characteristic, but difficult to determine when interparticle distances are on the order of their size and macromolecular motion is coupled through hydrodynamic interactions. Here we extend sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation to measure macromolecular size distributions under these conditions: We apply results from statistical fluid mechanics for the concentration‐dependence of hindered settling and diffusion, embedded in a mean‐field approximation that can resolve coupled sedimentation and diffusion processes of different sized species given experimental sedimentation data. This is combined with a description of transient optical aberrations from lensing in the refractive index gradients associated with sedimentation boundaries (Wiener skewing). We demonstrate this approach in the application to protein solutions with macromolecular volume fractions up to ≈10 %, for example, resolving monomers and dimers of albumin at 140 mg/ml. This enables size‐distribution analysis of proteins at concentrations of therapeutic antibody formations and close to physiological concentration in serum and cells.
The Impact of Dexamethasone and Prednisone on Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Exposure in COVID‐19 Patients: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Study
Authors: Terrier Jean , Abouir Kenza , Gaspar Frederic , Daali Youssef , Samer Caroline Flora
Published: November 2024

Dexamethasone (DEX) is currently the treatment of choice for patients with oxygen‐dependent COVID‐19. It has been observed, primarily in vitro, that dexamethasone induces the expression of CYP3A and the ABCB1 gene, which encodes P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). This has raised concerns about potential interactions between DEX and substrates of CYP3A and P‐gp, such as direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Currently, there is limited robust evidence to support a clinically significant interaction between DEX and DOAC. Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK), we investigated the impact of DEX administered in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban (APX) and rivaroxaban (RVX). After validating the induction effect of the DEX compound on two CYP3A4 substrates using the limited available studies, we optimized the compound in a COVID‐19 patient population, where significantly higher DEX plasma concentrations were observed compared to healthy volunteers. Our PBPK‐based PK simulations showed a 20% decrease in the AUC of APX and RVX in a worst‐case scenario and when DEX was administered at 6 mg PO for 10 days. This finding confirms the limited clinical data currently available and supports the use of APX and RVX with DEX in COVID‐19 patients at low‐risk for thrombo‐embolism. In addition, our results suggest that prednisone (PRED), when used at an equipotent dose, could serve as a viable alternative to DEX, given its less pronounced induction effect on APX and RVX. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to explore the clinical implications of using PRED in place of DEX in such scenarios.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Knock‐in Approaches for Manipulation of Endogenous Genes in Human B Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Murray‐Nerger Laura A. , Gewurz Benjamin E.
Published: November 2024

Precise understanding of temporally controlled protein‐protein interactions, localization, and expression is often difficult to achieve using traditional overexpression techniques. Recent advances have made CRISPR‐based knock‐in approaches efficient, which enables rapid derivation of cells with tagged endogenous proteins. However, the high degree of variability in knock‐in efficiency across cell types and gene loci poses challenges, in particular with B lymphocytes, which are refractory to lipid transfection. Here, we present detailed protocols for efficient B lymphoma cell CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knock‐in. We address knock‐in efficiency in two ways. First, we provide a detailed approach for assessing cutting efficiency to select the most efficient single guide RNA for the gene region of interest. Second, we provide detailed approaches for tagging endogenous proteins with a fluorescent marker or instead for co‐expressing them with an unlinked fluorescent marker. Either approach facilitates downstream selection of single‐cell or bulk populations with the desired knock‐in, particularly when knock‐in efficiency is low. The utility of this approach is demonstrated via examples of engineering tags onto endogenous protein N‐ or C‐termini, together with downstream analyses. We anticipate that this workflow can be applied more broadly to other cell types for efficient knock‐in into endogenous loci. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Choosing an optimal knock‐in target site and single guide RNA (sgRNA) design

Basic Protocol 2: Assessment of Cas9 editing efficiency at the desired B cell genomic knock‐in site

Basic Protocol 3: Cloning the sgRNA dual guide construct

Basic Protocol 4: Repair template design and cloning

Basic Protocol 5: Electroporation and selection of engineered B cells

Basic Protocol 6: Single‐cell cloning of engineered B cells
Membranes Fouling Propensity of PSF/GO Hollow Fiber Mixed Matrix Membranes for Water Treatment Ultrafiltration Application
Authors: Casetta Jeanne , Baldo Héloïse , Soussan Laurence , Pochat‐Bohatier Céline , Bechelany Mikhael , Miele Philippe
Published: November 2024

The study focused on investigating the fouling propensity of polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber (HF) mixed matrix membranes modified with 1.0 wt % graphene oxide (GO). Through a comprehensive set of analyses including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA), and mechanical assessments, the structural characteristics and properties of both untreated and GO‐modified PSF HF membranes were thoroughly examined. The scope of evaluation encompassed filtration and separation experiments involving not only pure water but also a range of model contaminants with distinct sizes, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), E. coli bacteria, and oil‐in‐water emulsion. Remarkably, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into the PSF HF membranes led to a substantial enhancement in their antifouling performance. The GO‐modified membranes exhibited an impressive recovery rate of over 90 % of their initial pure water flux during filtration experiments involving humic acid (HA) and oil, demonstrating their exceptional resistance to irreversible fouling. Moreover, the GO‐modified membranes exhibited superior oil separation efficiency, further underscoring their efficacy in real‐world separation applications. It is noteworthy that the fouling parameters in the case of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were relatively similar for both the unmodified and GO‐modified PSF HF membranes. This observation suggests that the introduction of graphene oxide might not significantly influence the interaction between the membrane and BSA molecules. Interestingly, while both types of PSF HF membranes displayed high retention capabilities for E. coli bacteria, the addition of graphene oxide did not result in any noticeable improvement in this regard.
Polymeric Ionic Liquid‐Enabled In Situ Protection of Li Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Qian , Li Rui , Hou Yaolin , Liu Yulong , Xie Haiming , Liu Jia , Zhu Jiefang
Published: November 2024

Redox mediators (RMs) have shown promise in enhancing Li‐O2 battery cycling stability by reducing overpotential. However, their application is hindered by the shuttle effect, leading to RM loss and Li anode corrosion. Here, we introduce a polyionic liquid, poly (1‐Butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimine)) ([PBVIm]‐TFSI) as an additive, showcasing a novel Li anode protection strategy for LiI‐mediated Li‐O2 batteries. [PBVIm]+ cations migrate to the Li anode, forming a protective cationic shield that promotes uniform Li+ deposition. The addition of [PBVIm]‐TFSI enhances the cycling stability, achieving 105 cycles at 200 mA⋅g−1, compared to the cell with LiI which exhibited 38 cycles under the same conditions. Synchrotron X‐ray tomography reveals the evolution of this protective layer, providing insights into its formation mechanism, in conjunction with XPS analysis. Our findings offer a new approach to Li anode protection in Li‐O2 batteries, emphasizing the critical role of interfacial engineering for battery performance.
The Ethical Case for Decentralized Clinical Trials
Authors: Muyskens Kathryn , Teo Ivan Z. Y. , Menikoff Jerry , Schaefer G. Owen
Published: November 2024

The recent pandemic spurred interest in innovative design for clinical trials. In particular, constraints on the public's ability to gather led to an increase in remote or decentralized clinical trials (DCTs). DCTs present an opportunity to extend the benefits of research to underserved populations, decrease burdens, increase access to trials, and fill knowledge gaps surrounding rare conditions, though they are not without their own unique challenges and risks. These risks are far from irremediable, and the advantages are significant enough to merit attention. There is a scientific and moral case to increase the use of DCTs beyond the context of public health emergencies.
Parameter Optimization for Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys Joined Using Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing: A Screening Study
Authors: Kumaran Selvaraj Senthil , Manoj Akash L. , Mathew Alan B. , Govind Akash V. , Sundaramali Govindaswamy , Chadha Utkarsh , Vajipeyajula Bhaskar , Patterson Albert E.
Published: November 2024

Due to the requirement for better strength‐to‐weight ratios, the utilisation of aluminum alloys is rapidly expanding. Lightweight components are of utmost importance in most industries, particularly in transportation, aviation, maritime, automotive, and other industries. These lightweight engineering materials are hard to be joined utilising traditional fusion joining techniques, necessitating the development of alternative joining techniques. The novel friction‐stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technique, based on the concept of friction stir welding (FSW), can be used to combine aluminum alloys additively in their solid state. This work examines the effects of several process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle, and tool transverse speed) on tensile strength and hardness using a 3‐factor L9 Taguchi designed experiment. Three cases were explored, one were AL 6061 was welded to AL 7075, one where AL 7075 was welded to AL 6061, and one where the data were mixed to get an “average” effect representative of large additively manufactured parts. A detailed ANOVA (including both main effects and interactions analyses) provided clear guidance on the optimization of the parameters for several objectives. This work will contribute to the development and wider use of FSAM in both industrial and academic research settings by providing a useful dataset and clear parameter selection guidance. The results of this research indicate that the FSAM methodology could be utilized to fabricate large defect‐free structures, which can be a suitable replacement for the traditional Al6061 material used in automotive and aerospace sectors.
Moving Target Detection in Clutter Environment Based on Track Posture Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Geng Lixiang , Zheng Qinglin , Zhang Chengbao , Hou Jiao
Published: November 2024

Moving target detection in a heavy clutter area is a challenging problem in the field of radar automatic target detection. Within the framework of track posture hypothesis testing, the radar‐blips‐oriented target detection algorithms named ErgSad and RanSaD are proposed for single target and formation targets detection, respectively in this paper. With the assumption that target motion is a linear Gaussian process in a short time, the algorithms use dual blips in different scans to generate the track hypothesis and test the hypothesis with residual blips in other scans to determine the existence of moving targets. To reduce time consumption and minimize the error of model estimation, the sampling rules and the supporting domain related to timestamps of track hypothesis models were designed. Simulation data experiments show that the proposed algorithms have more superior performance to detect targets than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the serious clutter environment.