bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Study of Copper Plasma Produced by Nd: YAG Laser from The Nano and Bulk Copper Targets
Authors: Ali Yasir A. , Khamis Raad A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, plasma is generated from the nano and bulk copper targets by using Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration 9 ns at atmospheric pressure. The Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the temperature of electrons and the Stark broadening method to calculate the density of electrons in a laser-generated plasma. It was observed that increased in the laser energy from 500 to 800 mJ leads to increased the temperature of electrons from 1.8 to 2.5eV and increased the electrons density from 3.65×1016 to 4.29×1016 cm−3 for nano copper plasma while increased the temperature of electrons from 1.2 to 2 eV and increased the electrons density from 2.28×1016 to 3.24×1016 cm−3 for the bulk copper plasma.
Study of Cellular Immune Response and Some of the Blood Variables in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Ibrahim Reem K. , Abdullah Qasim Khlaif , Muhaidi M. J. , Khammas Raghed Khaled , Hussein Najeeb Mohammed
Published: March 2021

All The study presents the effect of the disease celiac in children on cellular immunity. Some of the variables used for this analysis were neutrophil WBC (PMN) rate PMN phagocytosis factor, size granules and movement control factor (MIF) at different ages of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. No significant differences in celiac disease in children on PMNs. Effect celiac disease in children on phagocytosis of Candida1albicans killed by the heat that there were significant differences between the first and second treatments in children infected compared with control agree with this study.
IR Spectroscopic Study of Triiodosilane (SiHI3) by Using Semi-empirical Quantum Program
Authors: Hussein Orass Abdulhadi , Khudhair Dawood M. , Aljbar Alyaa A. Alrazaq A.
Published: March 2021

In this research, the more important spectral properties of vibration HSiI3 molecule have been studied and calculated by using the semi-empirical theoretical program (HyperChem) method (MNDO-PM3) (Use the RHF wave function for close - shell systems, the spins are paired). The calculated vibration modes for Triiodosilane (SiHI3) were nine modes in the region (63-1815) cm−1, which is located in the far and middle infrared region.

Total energy, dipole moment, energy gap, Core-core repulsion, Ionization potential and electron affinity (E.A.) have been calculated. Other properties are also plotted in two and three dimensions, such as electrostatic potential and charge density. In addition, the values of the occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals were calculated.
Convergence and its Properties on Soft

Sb^

-Metric Spaces
Authors: Kadhim Dhuha A. , Abd Al-Rahem Mushtaq K. , Abood Zainab H.
Published: March 2021

The primary motivation behind this article is to consider an alternative type of speculation of metric space is named a soft -metric space. The definition of a soft -metric space presented. Cauchy sequence, convergent sequence, and contractive sequence in soft -metric space with providing a few outcomes on it given. Examples are given to delineate soft -metric space.
Two Numerical ways RO (SuMM) and RO (MSuSu)) to Evaluate triple integrals
Authors: Aljassas Safaa M. , Hanoon Wafaa H. , Showq Mohammed E.
Published: March 2021

The main goal of this research to calculate the triple integrals which has continuous functions numerically by two methods are RO(SuMM) and RO(SuMM)that obtained by Romberg acceleration with two composite rules. The first rule is the Mid-point method on the first dimension X and the second dimension Y with a suggested method on the third dimension Z and, which is denoted by SuMM. The second rule is a suggested method on the first dimension X and the second dimension Y with the Mid-point method on the third dimension Z and, which is denoted by MSuSu. Where the number of divisions on these three dimensions is exactly the Sam. We represented two theorems with their proofs to find such rules and the correction terms (the error terms) for each of rule Therefore, we obtained high accuracy results in a relatively few sub intervals and short time.

Subject Classification: 65XX
Applying Non-Homogeneity of Variance in The Error to The Investment Function in Iraq
Authors: Talib Hayder Raaid , Abdul-Husain Mahdi Ali , Naeem Ahmed Abd
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at studying the problem of variance in the random error in the multiple linear regression sample by using investment function in Iraq from 1980 to 2015 and testing it by using standard methods by comparing the weighted least squares method, which is considered to be one of the ways to treat the problem, with the ordinary least squares method, (WLS) using the efficiency scale. As a result, it has been shown that the weighted least squares method is better than the ordinary least squares method (OLS).The major hypothesis of the present study is that random error does not have the problem of variance in the error. To achieve the aims of the present study, to validate the hypotheses, and to interpret the results, a sophisticated statistical package in this area has been used; (E views 9 program) in which chart plot test, Breusch Pajan, weighted least squares method have been used. The problem is that the dependent variable is limited because of the nature of the phenomenon, which may not lead to the validation of those assumptions. The study has adopted the standard quant itative analysis method with data time series for a random sample whose size is 36 from the Iraqi economy which has shown that there is a variance in the random error in the investment function; i.e. the variance is not equal in the investment function. That has led to some recommendations that may be useful to those concerned with the present study.
Fractional Order Modification of Tuckwell and Wan Medical Model
Authors: Ati Rana Rajib , Al-Azzawi Saad Naji
Published: March 2021

A fractional order modification of Tuckwell and Wan for HIV-1 model is given. Tuckwell and Wan gave a model for HIV-1 infection of CD4+T-cells and solving. The number of CD4+T-cellsgained by the solution of the tth equation decreases with time which is a main weak point in this model. So we give a modification for their model in a fractional differential from. The results of solution are compared with the results of the other solutions methods.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Blastocystis Hominis in More Than Ten Years Infections in Wasit Province / Iraq
Authors: Abdul Ridha Algorany Asmaa Fadhil , Faieq Zahraa Ali
Published: March 2021

To assess the prevalence of bowel parasites in patients in Wasit City, Iraq. Already Blastocystis hominis is gaining recognition as an agent of intestinal disease in humans. A cases study was conducted regarding the cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Wet mount preparation and formalin-ether concentration, examination of a total of 300 specimens of stools.(146) persons infected with gastrointestinal parasites infection percentage (48.67 %). 103 (70.55%) these specimens from patients with gastrointestinal infection contained B. hominis Parasite alone, the appearance of severe symptoms has been associated with increased parasite numbers in diarrheal specimens (more than five parasites per field with x400), magnification) included (Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba. histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli. Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenlepis nana). 43 (29.45%) had other pathogenic parasites, in addition to B. hominis in the same specimen. monthly rate of infection (24.33 %), the highest rate on infection with gastrointestinal parasites in May was (57.42%) and the lowest rate percentage of infection was in January (28.76%); Infection percentage in dependence on Sexes of patients representation in positive sample stool with gastrointestinal parasites, the highest parasite infections were 87 (59.59 %); cases in male, the parasite infection were 59(40.41) cases in female. Infection percentage according of age groups, rate of ages of patients’ representation in positive sample stool with gastrointestinal parasites, the highest rate of ages in patients group were (15-24), Percentage of infection 44 (30.14 % ). And the lowest rate percentage included the age group were (55-65) Percentage of infection 18 (12.33%).The purpose of the research is to determine the B. hominis frequency among Gastrointestinal and B hominis Symptomatic Diarrhea Infections.
Face identification in a video file based on hybrid intelligence technique-review
Authors: Alkahla Lubna Thanoon , Alneamy Jamal Salahaldeen
Published: March 2021

With the advancement in technology, the importance of facial recognition in the video camera or in the images has increased due to its effectiveness in criminal identification and the identification of wanted people by using different algorithms and theories, where different hybrid and non-hybrid techniques have been developed to recognize the face through its features. In this paper, the most important technologies that have been developed in the field of face detection are revealed, as the paper provides a detailed explanation of the most prominent systems that have been developed in this field in terms of time, accuracy, results and databases used for this purpose.
Structural, Vibrational and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Nacl Single-Molecule Dissolution in Water: A DFT Study
Authors: Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Khalid Abeer H , Abdul-Hussein Yahya M
Published: March 2021

The solvation of a single NaCl molecule in water molecules is discussed using density functional theory. As we add H2O molecules, the distance between Na and Cl ions increases. Six H2O molecules are enough to make both the distances between Na and Cl ions with nearest O atoms (in H2O molecule) less than Na-Cl distance. Natural bond analysis (NBO) shows that absolute charges on Na and Cl ions decrease as we add H2O molecules with the absolute charge on Na ion slightly less than Cl ion. The energy gap increases and approaches the experimental energy gap of liquid water at 6.9 eV. Both Gibbs free energy and enthalpy are negative indicating that the reaction is spontaneous and exothermic. The enthalpy converges to the value of the solvation of both Na and Cl ions in water. The negative sign of the entropy indicates order reaction. The Raman vibrational spectra changes from the single vibrational mode at 341.93 cm−1 of NaCl molecule and three H2O molecule vibrational modes at 1584, 3863.9, and 3778 cm−1 to three multi bands centred at 500, 1600 and 3400 cm−1 for NaCl with 9 H2O molecules with the diminishing of Na-Cl vibration intensity.
Lab-Made Semi-Automated Microfluidic Flow Injection Spectrophotometric System for Determination of Nitrite in Natural Water
Authors: Al-Jorani Yousif Sh. J. , Al-Sowdani K. H. , Saleh Salah M.
Published: March 2021

A lab-made semi-automated microfluidic flow injection spectrophotometric system for the determination of nitrite in natural water was constructed and designed. It has consist of double line microfluidic chip with dimensions (40µl×5cm), each one 20 µl volume aims to allow very small volume from reagent and sample to be used. The microfluidic system also, consists of two Arduino microcontroller programs. The first one was UNO used to dominance mini peristaltic pump and the other one was a mega type which was records the results as peaks using Microsoft Excel 2010 program. The linearity was ranged (0.025-0.15) μg/ml with regression coefficient of six points 0.9997, r.s.d% for ten replicates of 0.1 μg/ml. The detection limit was 1.75 ng/ml and the samples throughput was 150 samples per hour and one sample required 55.7µl of chemical reagents therefore, 150 samples consumed 8.355 ml of chemical reagents which clearly indicated that the consumed reagent and waste were very low.So, the method of determination of nitrite in this system is Eco-friendly. The concentrations of nitrite in the natural water were in the range (0.025-0.4) μg/ml.
Dual Band thin Metamaterial Perfect Absorber Based on Triangle Shape
Authors: Lateef Al-Badri Khalid Saeed
Published: March 2021

This work presents a multi-band electromagnetic metamaterial perfect absorber. It is shown typical an artificial microwave metamaterial absorber that can realize dual-band excellent absorption. The unit cell of the proposed structure is designed by using an analogy triangular resonator, an electric dielectric substrate, and a continuous copper plate. Two excellent absorption peaks with absorption rates are 98.05%, and 96.43%. The ratios of the structure thickness to the wavelengths of the proposed design are 1/39, and 1/23 at resonance frequency 3.84 GHz and 6.62 GHz respectively, which are very smaller comparing with wavelengths. By using the surface current distributions, the mechanism of the dual-band is explained. This absorber is non sensitive to the TE polarization wave and highly sensitive to the TM polarization wave. Furthermore, this design concept can be extended to many applications such as energy electromagnetic harvesting, reduce radar cross section RCS, sensors, antenna, thermal image, and detection.
Modified of Homotopy Perturbation Technique and Its Application to System of Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations Of 2nd Kind
Authors: Mohammed Fawze Ahmed A. , Juma’a Borhan F. , Al-Hayani Waleed
Published: March 2021

Fredholm integral equations of 1st and 2nd kinds are of practical importance and have wide range of applications. The present paper, deals mainly with system of non-linear Fredholm equations of the 2nd kind. In the present paper, the homotopy perturbation technique in different version from normal version is applied. The new version of the perturbation method confirms the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method compared with other approximate solutions; also it confirms that this method is a suitable method for solving any nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations of 2ndKind and / or systems of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of 2nd kind. In the present paper, a new version of the homotopy perturbation technique is applied to solve system of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations. The new version based on the idea of considering the solution as a sum of an infinite series which is very rapid convergence to the accurate solution. The results due to the present version of the homotopy perturbation technique gave promises for further developing other issues of the homotopy perturbation method. The results due to the present method are compared with Adomain decomposition method.
A Comparative Study of Nonparametric Kernel estimators with Gaussian Weight Function
Authors: Dakhil Mohammed A. , Hussain Jassim N.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, Parametric methods become unfavorable by researchers because of the restrictions on using them and losing the flexibility in estimating and analysis the data. Therefore, the researchers preferred the nonparametric method which proved their efficiency and capable to analysis the data without of predetermined assumptions. Consequently, the data and their included information are becoming who determine the functional shape for the studied population and there are no parameters instead of the observations. The objective of estimating the nonparametric regression function is to approximate the regression function to the real regression function. On the other hand, COVID-19 pandemic nowadays speared in all the countries one of them is Iraq. The function of infection speared have been studied in different countries but not in Iraq. Therefore, the aim of our research is to apply three nonparametric Kernel estimators with Gaussian weighted function to model and forecast the number of infections of COVID-19 in Iraq. R software and the data represent the daily number of COVID-19 infections for the period 23/2/2020 to 21/6/2020 are used to apply many models and choose the appropriate one. The results of applying three nonparametric Kernel model that the Priestley-Chao model is the appropriate one in all the sample sizes and other conditions
Galerkin-Collocation Manner for The System of Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations of The Second Type Using Exponential Function
Authors: Ahmed Ch. Sh.
Published: March 2021

In this research, we introduce a new scheme stem on exponential function as test function of Galerkin-Collocation manner (GCm) for disbanding system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of second type (NLVIEK2) numerically. Our manner involves of diminution the trouble to a collection of nonlinear system of equations. Arithmetic epitome are offered for corroborate the validation of the suggested illation and arithmetic disbanding are contrast with the located manner.
Fuzzy Fréchet Manifold
Authors: Jasim Ahmad Ghanawi , Al-Nafie Z. D.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduced the concepts of fuzzy Fréchet space, fuzzy Fréchet continuous mapping between fuzzy Fréchet spaces, and the differentiability of fuzzy Fréchet continuous mapping between fuzzy Fréchet spaces. Moreover, we constructed a fuzzy Fréchet manifold and proved some properties on it.
Complex Differential Implications of Linear Operator Imposed by Mittag-Leffler Type Function
Authors: Khudhuir Layth T. , Ali Ahmed M. , Al-Janaby Hiba F.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduced a new Complex linear operator in the terms of the Mittag-Leffler type functions. Furthermore, several subordination, superordination and sandwich-type outcomes for certain analytic functions related to this new operator are introduced and discussed. Relevant connections of the outcomes are also presented.
Preparation Foam Brick from Iraqi Local Clay
Authors: Abdullrazzaq Rawabi , Hadi Al–Kadhemy Mahasin F. , Hadi Enas Muhi
Published: March 2021

In this study, foam bricks prepared by direct foaming method, using local kaolin clay as raw materials, which are available, local, cheap, environmentally - friendly materials and can be recycled. Foam bricks prepared by depend mechanism evolution of gas in situ using several of variables (ratio of clay mixture, ratio of foam solution, ratio of forming mixture and firing temperature) so that one of these variables is fixed randomly after preliminary test and another change in a gradual regular. Then select the optimum value to return randomly and thus after that select optimum values of these parameters for the production of foam bricks. The porosity, thermal conductivity, and compression strength were examined at (9050, 1050)°C. Porosity, thermal conductivity and compression strength have been investigated at (9050,1050)°C, SEM and XRD also carried out at specimen firing at 950°C. The results showed that the optimum foam bricks was obtained with the ratio of clay mixture mullite:kaolin (60:40), agent solution ratio agent:water (1.5:20 )and(2.5:20), respectively and forming mixture ratio clay mixture:agent solution (51.14:48.86) at firing temperature 950°C. The specimens prepared in this way have apparent porosity (as high as 0.46%), exhibiting considerable compressive strength (exceeding 5MPa) and low thermal conductivity (about 0.36 (W/m k).
Archiving System Optimization using Skip Gram based Neural Network as a Feature Selection
Authors: Hameed Wafaa Al , Salsal Sura Khalid
Published: March 2021

Automatic processing of massive unstructured data and extracting useful information are one of the challenges researched so far. Hence, the techniques of data mining are of great significance in this area and text categorization (TC) is one of those common researches. The key problem in TC is due to the huge amount of data. The lack of effective description of the text of the content and the implementation of appropriate features leading to a decline in categorization accuracy. Therefore, several methods appeared to select the features that help clustering and improving their performance as it appears in our research. We suggest a good way to select a feature, which support archiving system thus it supports the retrieval system.
RADG Modification with Different Values of States
Authors: Salih Mudher Muhammad , Abdul–Abbass Yahya Mourad
Published: March 2021

Cryptography may be a science of changing messages into unclear kind through the employment of encoding algorithms that is an algorithm that converts the text to a cypher and increased by arithmetic that shield information in powerful ways. A novel keyless security theme Reaction Automata Direct Graph (RADG), that relies on automata direct graph and reaction states. The novelty of RADG lies within the incontrovertible fact that it doesn’t need any key to perform the cryptographically operations therefore creating it a possible scheme for big wireless systems. Chaotic maps represent the backgrounds for chaos based mostly cryptography thanks to the actual fact that chaotic transformations are sensitive to changes within the initial conditions and generate solutions similar to random ones. In this paper a proposed modification to RADG will be performed. The main problem of the RADG is that the values in the states are static. In this paper this problem will be solved using chaos logistic map. The RADG which is used in this paper is key not keyless (by using chaos logistic map).
Effect surface tension on squeeze film characteristics with different viscosity
Authors: Abdullah Enas Yahya
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is study the phenomenon of surface tension in viscous liquids and determine the influencing elements represented temperature, Reynold number and couple stress., also shed light on the strength of cohesion between particles and its relationship to the bonding force. The phenomenon was studied depending on continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equations and theoretical analysis was found porosity and film thickness.
Computing the Certain subgroups of the group D
2n
× C

p
, p is an Odd Prime Number
Authors: Mehdi H. J. , Shelash H. B.
Published: March 2021

Let τ(n) is the number of all divisors of n and σ(n) is the number of summation of all divisors n, Cavior, presented the number of all subgroups of the dihedral group is equal by τ(n) + σ(n). We in this paper determines a formula for the number of subgroups, normal and cyclic subgroups of the group G = D
2n
× C

p
= 〈a, b, c|a

n
= b
2 = c

p
, b
a
b = a
−1, [a, c] = [b, c] = 1〉, where p is an odd prime number.
Classification of Subsets in Finite Projective Line Over Galois Field of Order Twenty-Seven
Authors: Ibrahim M. M. , Al-Zangana E B
Published: March 2021

The principle objective in this paper is to computed the projectively inequivalent k-sets, k = 4, …,14 in the projective line P
G(1,27) and then classified these k-set into (k − 1)-subsets and. Also, the group of projectivities of each k-set has been founded.
The effects of laser 532 nm with 4 mW and 650 nm with 135 mW on physical properties of human serum proteins in vitro
Authors: Lefta Sadiq Hassan , Diam Wajeha Abdle , Hameed Zeman , Omran Dakhel Ghani , Sabar Gufran
Published: March 2021

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of two type of laser (532 nm with energy 4 mW and 650 nm with energy 135) on physical characteristics of serum proteins. All subjects of study were 15 men and their ages ranged between 18 to 25 years old. The blood samples were left to coagulate and centrifuged to obtained sera. Sera samples were divided in to three groups, the first group left without irradiation to serve as a control group, the second group was irradiated with laser 532 nm with 4mW for 10 minutes, and the third group was irradiated with laser 650 nm with 135 mW energy for 10 minutes. After irradiation, all samples were analyzed by using HPLC instrument. The results were indicated there were a significant changes among peaks of curves of irradiated samples compared to control group. Also, there were many obvious differences were noted among irradiated groups. From results mentioned above can be concluded that laser energy may be cause and create bonds inter and intra molecules of proteins across oxidation processes that finally change morphological and modifications structures of proteins molecules.
Drone controlled real live flight simulator
Authors: Obaid Mays S. , Mebayet Salman O.
Published: March 2021

Flight simulator has been used to train pilots for more than 80 years, whether to fly military aircrafts, passenger aircrafts, or even private aircrafts. A flight simulator is a flying cockpit installed on the ground to help training pilots in flying real aircrafts in a low risk and cost-effective way. Nevertheless, all the previous simulators are dependent on a program being installed in combination with special hardware. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design a ground-based flight training simulator. This simulator depends on a drone to transfer the flying environment in real-time to the trainee. A prototype of the project has been implemented based on a small drone equipped with a MPU6050 piezoelectric gyroscope, laptop, and Arduino since the building of the final shape of the simulator is relatively expensive. Satisfying results are gained and the prototype can transfer the drone movement to the ground simulator giving the trainee the feeling as in a real aircraft, improving the trainee’s capabilities of having real-time decisions over the flying environment. The main contribution of this study is the improvement of the current flight simulators by cloning the real environmental effects to the highest possible levels especially for the training purpose of the new pilots or the rehabilitation of pilots with long out-of-service periods.
Classification and Clustering Based Ensemble Techniques for Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey
Authors: Al-A’araji Nabeel H. , Al-Mamory Safaa O. , Al-Shakarchi Ali H.
Published: March 2021

A huge amount of data is transmitted through the networks, which allowed the exchange of knowledge and medical expertise, trade and banking facilities, etc. However, due to the huge connections to these networks, the security issue has been floated on the surface. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a significant role to protect computer systems. To compensate these issues, the orientation is to employed machine learning and data mining techniques to design and implement powerful IDSs. Among these techniques is ensemble learning which enables a combination of multiple models to enhance overall performance. This study presents a brief overview of IDSs, discusses the history of ensemble systems, specifies the methods adapted in designed such system, highlights the most important ensemble techniques, demonstrates in detail the main methods that have been adapted in combining ensemble components. Besides, special attention was paid to studies in the period (2009-2020) that focus onto both ensemble classification and clustering when developing IDSs.
Conditional and Unconditional of Repeated Measurements Model
Authors: Al-Mouel Abdulhussein Saber , Kori Hayder Abbood
Published: March 2021

In this work, we studied estimating the parameters for a one-way repeated measurement model in two cases: conditional and unconditional, also we found the mean square error (MSE).
Biological Properties Study Of Two New Benzylpencillin Derivatives
Authors: Abbas K. S. , Abdulsaheb Y. S.
Published: March 2021

The work is included the preparation of two new benzylpenicillin derivatives by replacement alkyl groups (ethyl, propyl) instead of the acidic proton of the acylamino group (O=C-NH-), which attached to the position (6) of the benzylpenicillin molecule. The prepared derivatives are indicated by some physical measurements namely melting points, Thin layer chromatography technique and elemental analysis, besides the spectroscopic identification, UV, IR, and C13NMR. This work help us to obtain new derivatives with high biological activity against thirteen standard and isolated strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria determined the antibacterial activity of the benzylpenicillin derivatives represented by inhibition diameter (IZ mm), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), media lethal dose(LD50) and cytotoxicity. The data of inhibition zones, and minimum inhibitory concentrations appeared that the biological activity anti-the test micro-organisms of the prepared derivatives (EBP, PBP), is more in comparison with biological activity of standard antibiotic (BP). Also the study was shown that the products with toxic effect for the human red blood cells, which reduced from 250 ppm of BP to 300 ppm for the products (EBP, PBP).
Strong Subordination for P-Valent Functions Involving A Linear Operator
Authors: Abd Enaam Hadi , Atshan Waggas Galib
Published: March 2021

The concept of strong differential subordination was introduces in [1], [2] by Antonio and Romaguera and developed in [4]. The object of the present paper is to investigate some inclusion relations and other interesting properties for p-valent functions defined in the open unit disk of the complex plane involving linear operator by using the principle of strong differential subordination
Difference Cesàro Double Sequence Space Defined by Double Orlicz Function
Authors: Moussa Hasan Ali , Battor Ali Hussein , Abdul Zahra Dalael Saad
Published: March 2021

In this article, we are provide a suitable generalization of difference Cesàro double sequence spaces defined by double Orlicz functions and Study different topological properties and inclusion relationships using new kinds of double sequence spaces to generalize some known results of double Orlicz functions.
Solving Cantilever Beam Models by Reliable Iterative Methods
Authors: Gani Sayl
Published: March 2021

In this article, we implemented two reliable Cantilever beam models of solution methods. The iterative approaches are the Adomain Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Variation Iteration Method (VIM). The ADM and VIM solve several problems at various places, including the precision and reliability of the results. The solution given with an approximate solution is accuracy, since we demonstrate that various figures and tables are available to investigate maximum error reminders. The technology used for the study calculations was MATHEMATICA 11.
Structure Graph of the Finite Group
Authors: Salah W. M. , Shelash H. B.
Published: March 2021

Let Γ(V, E) be a graph. The Cayley graph of group (G,∗) and a subset S is a graph denoted by C
a
y(G, S), it is with vertex set V(C
a
y(G, S)) = G and two vertices x, y ∈ G are join if and only if y = x
s ∈ S for some s ∈ S. In this paper, we obtain characteristics of Cayley graphs under some graph operations, Graph direct product, Graph tenser product, Graph strong product when G isomorphic to Cyclic group C

n
and Dihedral Group D
2n
.
An Indirect Spectral Collocation Method Based on Shifted Jacobi Functions for Solving Some Class of Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Ali Mushtaq salh , Almoaeet Mohammed K , albuohimad Basim
Published: March 2021

A new approximation formula of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives is derived based on shifted classical Jacobi polynomial in spectral approximations. This formula is presented to approximate indirect solution of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) with a fractional differential equation as the dynamic constrain. The properties of new formula allows us to use spectral collocation method to reduce FOCPs by indirect method to a system of liner/nonlinear algebraic equations. Four test examples are presented to examine the applicability and validity of a newly purposed method.
On Small Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Ramadhan Haider A. , Mothafar Nuhad S. Al.
Published: March 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and M be unital (left) R-module. In this paper we introduce and study the concept of small semiprime submodules as a generalization of semiprime submodules. We investigate some basis properties of small semiprime submodules and give some characterizations of them, especially for (finitely generated faithful) multiplication modules.
Bayesian Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ali Aseel H. , Al. Kanani Iden H.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we introduced some of properties of the Exponentiated Weibull distribution. Tierney estimator method and Lindely estimator method are proposed to estimate all the unknown parameters (β,Ψ,θ) of the Exponentiated Weibull distribution.

Simulation procedure is used to generate some sample sizes and mean squares error measure, and when we compared between the above two methods we find that Tierney method has the less (MSE).
On the Bridge Between Exterior and Interior Penalty Method
Authors: Salman Ahmed Kasim , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we present methods of penalty functions for solving constrained optimization problems. The methods that we characterize presently, attempt to approximate a constrained optimization problem with an unconstrained, one and then apply standard search techniques such as the exterior penalty function method and the interior penalty method to get solutions. The paper that follows assure exterior penalty methods recognizing that interior penalty function methods incarnate the same principles.
A Review of PDE Based Local Inpainting Methods
Authors: Al-Jaberi Ahmed K. , Hameed Ehsan M.
Published: March 2021

Image inpainting is the process of recovering the damage areas in the images in an undetectable way, it is considered the important one of the subjects in image processing. There are many applications of image inpainting include the restoration of damaged images, paintings, and movies, to the removal of selected objects, such as text, lines, subtitles, publicity, and stamps. The main objective of inpainting is to reconstruct the missing region in such a way that the observer does not come to know that the image has been manipulated. Inpainting methods can be categorized into global and local methods, the global methods are applied to reconstruct the damaged areas in the image based on the information in the data of images that have the same content. While the local methods are used to reconstruct the missing regions based on the information in the rest parts of the image. There are several local methods proposed for image inpainting such as PDE-based inpainting (PDE-BI), exemplar-based inpainting (EBI), hybrid, and texture synthesis methods. In this paper, a review of different PDE and variational methods used for image inpainting is provided. Different PDE-BI methods like 2nd-and high-order of variational and PDE methods are discussed with its pros and cons.
New Approach of Polyominoes Using James Diagram with Beta Number
Authors: Mohoomed E. F.
Published: March 2021

James abacus diagram used in number theory to describe integer partitions with the special numbers of columns e, e ≥ 2. One way of producing it is by using decreasing sequence of integer number called beta number. In this work, we proved the graphical representation of the beta number of any partition to polyomino by using James abacus diagram and e-core of James abacus. New identities of Fibonacci to count the number of ways for 2 ×1 dominoes to tiling a James abacus diagram chain by using monomino and domino.
Iterative Methods for Approximation of Fixed Points Via Like Contraction Mappings
Authors: Hussein Saad Shakeir , Maibed Zena Husssein
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper, is to study different iteration algorithms types two steps called, modified SP, Ishikawa, Picard-S iteration and M-iteration, which is faster than of others by using like contraction mappings. On the other hand, the M-iteration is better than of modified SP, Ishikawa and Picard-S iterations. Also, we support our analytic proof with a numerical example.
Some Theorems of Fixed Point Approximations By Iteration Processes
Authors: Maibed Z. H. , Hussein S. S.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper, is to study different iterations algorithms types three_steps called, new iteration, M
∗ −iteration, k −iteration, and Noor-iteration, for approximation of fixed points. We show that the new iteration process is faster than the existing leading iteration processes like M
∗ −iteration, k −iteration, and Noor-iteration process, for like contraction mappings. We support our analytic proof with a numerical example.
Study of The Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Al-15%Mo Alloy
Authors: Ghelloudj O. , Gharbi A. , Bouhamla K. , Debili M. Y. , Zelmati D. , Ramoul C. E. , Chouchane T.
Published: March 2021

The influence of the addition of molybdenum on the structure and corrosion behaviour of aluminium was studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the addition of 15%wt molybdenum causes the precipitation of the AI12Mo intermetallic phase which appears in plate form on the aAl matrix. The results of the electrochemical tests show that the addition of molybdenum displaces the corrosion potential of aluminium towards positive values from -699 mV/ECS to -633 mV/ECS and increases the charge transfer resistance from to 4752 Ω2.cm2 to 6608 Ω2.cm2.
Prediction of Stress-Strain Field and Safety Factor of a Hybrid Composite Material
Authors: Zelmati D. , Graine R. , Sehab N. , Sehab F. , Ghelloudj O. , Richi W.
Published: March 2021

In this work, the stress-strain field is estimated through the application of classical laminate theory. The composite material studied is a hybrid composite made from plant fibers and synthetic fibers. The law of mixtures was used, to identify, the elastic properties of the studied hybrid composite materials. The effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical behavior of the composite material is analyzed. It should be noted that the orientation is a significant parameter affecting the amplification of the stress and strain field in the material and consequently on the safety and integrity of the structure.
Optimization of The Number of Layers for A Fixed Thickness of a Composite Material Subjected to Compression Loading
Authors: Zelmati D. , Ghelloudj O. , Graine R. , Sehab N. , Sehab F. , Richi W.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the effect of varying the number of layers for a fixed total thickness is investigated. In order to conserve the integrity and the safety of a multilayers composite structure, the search of the optimal number of layers in the cross section, induced the low stress-strain field intensity, is strongly recommended. Meanwhile, this study aims to show how the mechanical response of a multilayers composite plate loaded on a compression in the axial direction, changes when the number of layers increases from for a fixed total thickness.
Effect of Environmental Media on the Electrochemical Behavior of API X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Gharbi A. , Benayad B. , Assala O. , Bouhamla K. , Ghelloudj O. , Chettouh S. , Remili S. , Bachiri A.
Published: March 2021

This work investigates the corrosion behavior of X70 steel in different environments: sea sand, desert sand, mud and sea water. The principle of extracting solutions from these media consisted of mixing a soil material with distilled water, the mixture was agitated using an automatic agitator, which resulted in the extraction of solution. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance tests are used to characterize the samples in both media. The results show that the pipeline steel X70 has an excellent corrosion resistance in the sea sand solution, resulting in a low corrosion current density compared to other media. The impedance diagrams for both media are characterized by two capacitive loops, the first loop is attributed to charge transfer processes and the second loop is related to diffusion phenomena. The observation of corroded surfaces shows that the corrosion mechanism in different media is by pitting.
A Comparison Between Genetic Algorithm and Practical Swarm to Investigate the Reliability Allocation of Complex Network
Authors: Abdullah Ghazi , Haddi Hassan Zahir Abdul
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the reliability of complex networks, which has been calculated as a complex system by using minimal cuts. The reliability of this system has been assigned to study the possible approaches to reliability values based on the reduction of total costs in this system. The genetic algorithm (GA) has been used to solve the allocation problem. Reliability and ability to solve complex problems and optimization also found in structures of engineering. Generally high implementation costs require high further duplicates. In addition to using GA, optimizing the swarm (PSO) and this algorithm is based on the action of the organisms living that accumulate. PSO is very close to GA because of the fact that these evolutionary approaches are all strategies, Using some probabilistic and some probable values. The main objective of this article is to investigate and compare between two algorithms GA and PSO.
Some Properties of Local Modules
Authors: Hameed Firas N. , Kalaf Karim S.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study an important concept namely local module. Some new result and properties have been studied in this note. A module M is local if it has a unique maximal submodule. We prove that when M is projective and finitely generated with largest maximal submodule, this mean M is local.
Some Topics on Convex Optimization
Authors: Salman Abbas Musleh , Alridha Ahmed , Hussain Ahmed Hadi
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to clarify several important points, including a brief and adequate explanation of loving improvement, as well as laying out a number of important mathematical formulas that we need, supported with graphs.
Special Arcs in Projective Plane Over Galois Field of Order Sixteen
Authors: Al-Seraji N. A. M. , Numan Z. T.
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper is to classify the special sets in the projective planes PG(2, t) with the value of t = 16, and we found the arcs of the third degree (k, 3) arcs in P
G(2, t), and the parameters of cods n, k, d were calculated and whether they are complete or incomplete, and the corresponding codes were formed.
The Applications of NP-hardness optimizations problem
Authors: Alridha Ahmed , Salman Abbas Musleh , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah
Published: March 2021

In this paper we present a study on the problem of NP hardness and their applications in computer science. In addition, our study sheds light on the most important applications present in our daily life and how the problem of NP stiffness is an important primary focus in it. Moreover, the aim was to search for further modifications in order to obtain optimal methods for their adoption. Finally, the aim of this study is to seek to solve the decision problem of NP hardness to achieve the desired goals with the optimal result.
On the Class of Analytic and Univalent Functions Defined by Differential Operator
Authors: Saheb Audy Hatim , Al-Khafaji Aqeel Ketab
Published: March 2021

The main object of this article is to introduce a subclass
A

(

α
,
β
,
μ
,
τ

)
consisting of analytic and univalent functions in the open unit disk. We investigative the coefficient bound, growth and distortion theorem for this class. Furthermore, we obtain convolutions property, convex linear combination and extreme point for these functions.
Some Results on Quasi-Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Al-Ragab Omar M. , Al-Mothafar Nuhad S.
Published: March 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with unity and let B be a submodule of a non-zero left R-module D, B is called semiprime if whenever a

k

y ∈ B, a ∈ R, y ∈ D, k ∈ Z
+ implies a
y ∈ B. We say that a proper submodule B of an R-module D is a quasi-semiprime submodule if whenever a

k

b
y ∈ B, where a, b ∈ R, y ∈ D, k ∈ Z
+ implies that a
b
y ∈ B. Equivalently, a proper submodule B of an R-module D is said to be a quasi-semiprime submodule if and only if [B ∶ (y)] is a semiprime ideal of R for each y ∈ D. We give many results of this type of submodules.
On Quasi-Small Prime Modules
Authors: Ali Wisam A. , Al. Mothafar Nuhad S.
Published: March 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and W be a unital (left) R-module. In this paper we introduce and study the concept of a quasi-small prime modules as generalization of small prime modules.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tio2-Rgo Nanocomposite by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL-Method)
Authors: Aziz Halla M. , Al-Mamoori Mohammed H. K. , Aboud Lazein Hassan
Published: March 2021

The graphene oxide was prepared by the modified Hammer method, and then the rGO-TiO2 nano composite was successfully created using Q-switch Nd:YAG pulsed laser(λ=1064 nm, Energy per pulse 1000 mJ, No. of pulses 500, and the pulse duration 10 n sec) (PLAL). Prepared nanomaterials were characterized by a variety of techniques, including UV-Vis. spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and EDX. The absorption peak of GO is equal to 230 nm with energy gap 5.391 eV while The edge of absorption for the TiO2-rGO nanocomposite displays a red shift with respect of pure TiO2. Crystallite size of prepared TiO2/rGO nanocomposite was measured by XRD and is equal to 53.97 nm. The intensity of peaks C=C and peaks O-H is lower compared to peaks of pure graphene oxide, indicating the transformation of graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide. The TiO2/rGO nanocomposite show enhanced adsorption properties. The removal efficiency of GO is 37 %, and The removal effectiveness for rGO-TiO2 nanocompound is 40 %. The TiO2-rGO nanocomposite has high dye adsorption efficiency, and Can be used for the elimination of the Rh B from aqueous solution.
Annihilator Essential Submodules
Authors: Qasim Yousef A. , Yaseen Sahira M.
Published: March 2021

Through this paper R represent a commutative ring with identity and all R-modules are unitary left R-modules. In this work we consider a generalization of the class of essential submodules namely annihilator essential submodules. We study the relation between the submodule and his annihilator and we give some basic properties. Also we introduce the concept of annihilator uniform modules and annihilator maximal submodules.
On Large-Small submodule and Large-Hollow module
Authors: Abduljaleel Amira A. , Yaseen Sahira M.
Published: March 2021

The goal of this research is to introduce the concepts of Large-small submodule and Large-hollow module and some properties of them are considered, such that a proper submodule N of an R-module M is said to be Large-small submodule, if N + K = M where K be a submodule of M, then K is essential submodule of M ( K ≤e M ). An R-module M is called Large-hollow module if every proper submodule of M is Large-small submodule in M.
Influence of machining parameters on material removal rate in chemical machining of silicon carbide (SIC).
Authors: Ibrahim Abbas F. , Huayier Abdullah F. , Abdulhusein Naeem A.
Published: March 2021

This study aims to discuss the effect of chemical etching parameters such as (machining temperature, machining time, etchant type, and concentration of the solution) on the material removal rate and surface roughness of ceramic materials (silicon carbide) as a specimen in chemical machining (CHM) process. This study aims to achieve the best value for the removal rate of the material as well as to obtain the best value for the surface roughness. Four levels of chemical machining process parameters were used in this study: the values of machining time (30, 50, 70, and 90) min, the etchant concentration (50, 60, 70, and 80) % and etching temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120) °C, and two etchant type (HCl, HBr). The results showed that the Taguchi method that has been performed using MINITAB 17 software gave results with good accuracy. The best value of material removal rate is obtained (0.5102) mg/min at experimentally and (0.4816) mg/min at the predictable program, when using hydrochloric acid (HCl) at temperature (100) °C, time (30) min, and etchant concentration (70) %. The best value of surface roughness is obtained (2.933) µm at experimentally and (2.9589) µm at the predictable program, when using Hydrobromic acid (HBr) at temperature (80) °C, time (50) min, and etchant concentration (50) %. The coefficient determination (R-sq.) to predict the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness are (91.6) and (93.7) respectively. This means the model is perfect and fit.