bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traduzindo metáforas: uma análise comparativa em tirinhas do Garfield
Authors: Doninelli Mariana de Andrade
Published: July 2021

Através da análise de dez tirinhas do Garfield, esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir a tradução da metáfora, com base nas teorias de van den Broeck (1981) e de Lakoff e Johnson (2002). De acordo com a teoria descritivista do primeiro autor, há três procedimentos de tradução para metáforas. Para Lakoff e Johnson, a metáfora não é um simples ornamento linguístico. Eles afirmam que nós não só falamos metaforicamente, como vivemos, pensando e agindo, por metáforas. Entendendo o papel central da metáfora em uma cultura e sabendo que traduzir metáforas significa “traduzir cultura”, realizar uma pesquisa sobre tradução de metáforas não é só importante, mas vital para os estudos da tradução.
Early Rhythm Control Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure
Authors: Rillig Andreas , Magnussen Christina , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Suling Anna , Brandes Axel , Breithardt Günter , Camm A. John , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Eckardt Lars , Elvan Arif , Goette Andreas , Gulizia Michele , Haegeli Laurent , Heidbuchel Hein , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Ng Andre , Szumowski Lukasz , van Gelder Isabelle , Wegscheider Karl , Kirchhof Paulus
Published: July 2021

Background:

Even on optimal therapy, many patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation experience cardiovascular complications. Additional treatments are needed to reduce these events, especially in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods:

This prespecified subanalysis of the randomized EAST-AFNET4 trial (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial) assessed the effect of systematic, early rhythm control therapy (ERC; using antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation) compared with usual care (allowing rhythm control therapy to improve symptoms) on the 2 primary outcomes of the trial and on selected secondary outcomes in patients with heart failure, defined as heart failure symptoms New York Heart Association II to III or left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%.

Results:

This analysis included 798 patients (300 [37.6%] female, median age 71.0 [64.0, 76.0] years, 785 with known LVEF). The majority of patients (n=442) had heart failure and preserved LVEF (LVEF≥50%; mean LVEF 61±6.3%), the others had heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (n=211; LVEF 40%–49%; mean LVEF 44 ± 2.9%) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n=132; LVEF<40%; mean LVEF 31±5.5%). Over the 5.1-year median follow-up, the composite primary outcome of cardiovascular death, stroke, or hospitalization for worsening of heart failure or for acute coronary syndrome occurred less often in patients randomly assigned to ERC (94/396; 5.7 per 100 patient-years) compared with patients randomly assigned to usual care (130/402; 7.9 per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.74 [0.56–0.97];
P
=0.03), not altered by heart failure status (interaction
P
value=0.63). The primary safety outcome (death, stroke, or serious adverse events related to rhythm control therapy) occurred in 71 of 396 (17.9%) patients with heart failure randomly assigned to ERC and in 87 of 402 (21.6%) patients with heart failure randomly assigned to usual care (hazard ratio, 0.85 [0.62–1.17];
P
=0.33). LVEF improved in both groups (LVEF change at 2 years: ERC 5.3±11.6%, usual care 4.9±11.6%,
P
=0.43). ERC also improved the composite outcome of death or hospitalization for worsening of heart failure.

Conclusions:

Rhythm control therapy conveys clinical benefit when initiated within 1 year of diagnosing atrial fibrillation in patients with signs or symptoms of heart failure.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01288352. URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN04708680. URL:
https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu
; Unique identifier: 2010-021258-20.
Earth-Centered Communication Technology:Lichen as a Model Interface
Authors: Litman-Cleper Jules
Published: July 2021

Earth-Centered Communication Technology (Earth Tech Net) is a framework that aims to shift technological value systems away from the normative human and toward planetary-aware ecological inclusivity. The framework grounds computational media as part of ecological evolutionary forces. It also generates experimental artworks that can reveal the current limitations of technological value systems and how they shape human behavior at different scales, as well as create models of an ecologically focused paradigm of technology, for example, an augmented-reality (AR) lichen interface made to model a hypothetical Earth-communication device that connects different species together.
Westminster Abbey’s Quattrocento Altarpieces
Authors: Crack Peter
Published: July 2021

Between 1935 and 1948, three devotional paintings, all Italian and from the fifteenth century, were installed in London’s Westminster Abbey. While these pictures are individually well known to art historians, it has yet to be asked how and why they came to be displayed in the modern church. This paper reconstructs that history and interrogates the motivations of those involved. It also asks what liturgical functions, if any, were assigned to these erstwhile Roman Catholic objects in their adopted Anglican surroundings. The findings show that a confluence of antiquarian sensibilities, a specific vein of Anglicanism, and patronal motivations that recall the original commissioning of these works of art, all came to bear on what were remarkable episodes in the afterlives of these pictures and in the history of Westminster Abbey.
On the Vorlage, Tendenz, and Scribal Negligence of AT Esth 1:10–15
Authors: Lee Lydia
Published: July 2021

In this article, a section of the Alpha-Text Esther story (1:10–15) is brought to the foreground to reveal the hitherto unrecognized hints that point to the Hebrew Vorlage, the literary Tendenz, and the scribal negligence unparalleled in either the Septuagint or the Masoretic text. All these literary phenomena suggest that the Alpha-Text and the Masoretic text versions reflect two variant archetypes of a Hebrew text, but this does not mean that both archetypes cannot overlap at places. When the archetypes do overlap, some of the unique readings in the Alpha-Text actually reflect later exegeses or misunderstandings that are dependent on the readings preserved in both the Masoretic text and the Septuagint. The later exegeses in particular help locate the Sitz im Leben of Alpha-Text Esth 1:10–15 in the Hasmonean period and thereafter when the Jewish-gentile relationship is strained.
Shared Obligations and the Responsibility of an International Organization and Its Member States
Authors: Nedeski Nataša
Published: July 2021

Discussions on the allocation of international responsibility between an international organization and its member states do not comprehensively engage with the role of obligations in assigning responsibility to the organization and/or its members. The present article sets out what will be termed an obligations-based approach to the allocation of international responsibility by exploring the phenomenon of sharing international obligations by an international organization and its members, as well as the implications thereof for their responsibility under international law. It will do so by focusing on the practice of concluding mixed agreements by the EU and its member states, which commonly results in overlapping obligations for the organization and its members. It is ultimately argued that a distinction should be made between two types of shared obligations in mixed agreements in order to untangle who can be held responsible in case of a breach: the EU, the member state(s), or both.
Some Notes on “playing Logos” in Ambiguum 71 of St Maximus the Confessor
Authors: Kurdybaylo Dmitry
Published: July 2021

In the Ambigua to John 71, Maximus the Confessor discusses a passage of Gregory Nazianzen describing divine Logos that “plays in all kinds of forms.” The article emphasises four main approaches of the Ambiguum 71 to ‘acquit’ the image of ‘playful’ God. Firstly, St Maximus involves the hyperbolic language of Pseudo-Dionysius to indicate the superiority of divine ‘game’ over any kind of prudency or playfulness. Secondly, God’s playing can be discovered in His providence towards the sensible creations. The third step introduces all the material world as a God’s plaything, which can nevertheless be an object of natural contemplation. The fourth approach is merely moral, and its pathetic language conceals tensions between St Maximus’ and St Gregory’s patterns of thinking. Finally, all four parts are linked in a single structure derived from the triad “practical philosophy – natural contemplation – mystical theology,” which was often used by St Maximus.
The water mites of the family Hygrobatidae (Acari, Hydrachnidia) in Italy
Authors: GERECKE REINHARD
Published: July 2021

Based on field work mostly done in the late 20th century, a survey is given on the diversity and distribution of spring- and stream-dwelling water mites of the family Hygrobatidae in Italy. Five species, all representatives of the subgenus Atractides Koch, 1837 s. str., are described as new to science: Atractides asinus sp. nov., A. castor sp. nov., A. cydonius sp. nov., A. dinisi sp. nov., and A. pollux sp. nov.. A further 13 species are recorded for the first time from Italy: Atractides anellatus Lundblad, 1956, A. asticae Petrova, 1968, A. denticulatus Walter, 1947, A. fissus (Walter, 1927), A. fluviatilis (Szalay, 1929), A. glandulosus (Walter, 1918), A. graecus K. Viets, 1950, A. lunipes Lundblad, 1956, A. remotus Szalay, 1953, A. subterraneus (K. Viets, 1932), Hygrobates arenarius Smit & Pešić, 2017, H. setosus Besseling, 1942, and H. cf. turcicus Pešić, Esen & Dabert, 2017. In summary, a total number of 66 hygrobatid species is now known from the area treated. Previous records of Atractides allgaier Gerecke, 2003 from Corsica and Sardinia, and of A. lunipes Lundblad, 1956 from Corsica, refer to A. castor sp. nov., resp. A. corsicus E. Angelier, 1954. Redescriptions are given for seven remarkable and/or incompletely documented species: Atractides asticae, A. fluviatilis, A. graecus, A. inflatipalpis K. Viets, 1950, A. lunipes, A. protendens K.O. Viets, 1955, and A. remotus. Problems concerning diagnostic features are discussed for several species. Atractides fluviatilis, A. valencianus K. Viets, 1930 and A. inflatipalpis, along with two species not recorded from Italy, namely A. algeriensis (Lundblad, 1942) and A. stancovici Pešić & Gerecke, 2010, are summed up in a “fluviatilis species group”. Within this clade, several species tend to grade into each other morphologically, and females cannot be classified with certainty.
Drought Relief and Reversal over North America from 1500 to 2016
Authors: Torbenson M. C. A. , Stahle D. W. , Howard I. M. , Burnette D. J. , Griffin D. , Villanueva-Díaz J. , Cook B. I.
Published: July 2021

Season-to-season persistence of soil moisture drought varies across North America. Such interseasonal autocorrelation can have modest skill in forecasting future conditions several months in advance. Because robust instrumental observations of precipitation span less than 100 years, the temporal stability of the relationship between seasonal moisture anomalies is uncertain. The North American Seasonal Precipitation Atlas (NASPA) is a gridded network of separately reconstructed cool-season (December–April) and warm-season (May–July) precipitation series and offers new insights on the intra-annual changes in drought for up to 2000 years. Here, the NASPA precipitation reconstructions are rescaled to represent the long-term soil moisture balance during the cool season and 3-month-long atmospheric moisture during the warm season. These rescaled seasonal reconstructions are then used to quantify the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of cool-season drought that was relieved or reversed during the following summer months. The adjusted seasonal reconstructions reproduce the general patterns of large-scale drought amelioration and termination in the instrumental record during the twentieth century and are used to estimate relief and reversals for the most skillfully reconstructed past 500 years. Subcontinental-to-continental-scale reversals of cool-season drought in the following warm season have been rare, but the reconstructions display periods prior to the instrumental data of increased reversal probabilities for the mid-Atlantic region and the U.S. Southwest. Drought relief at the continental scale may arise in part from macroscale ocean–atmosphere processes, whereas the smaller-scale regional reversals may reflect land surface feedbacks and stochastic variability.
Is Alaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Greening or Browning? Resolving Mixed Signals of Tundra Vegetation Dynamics and Drivers in the Maritime Arctic
Authors: Frost Gerald V. , Bhatt Uma S. , Macander Matthew J. , Hendricks Amy S. , Jorgenson M. Torre
Published: July 2021

Alaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) is among the Arctic’s warmest, most biologically productive regions, but regional decline of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been a striking feature of spaceborne Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations since 1982. This contrast with “greening” prevalent elsewhere in the low Arctic raises questions concerning climatic and biophysical drivers of tundra productivity along maritime–continental gradients. We compared NDVI time series from AVHRR, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat for 2000–19 and identified trend drivers with reference to sea ice and climate datasets, ecosystem and disturbance mapping, field measurements of vegetation, and knowledge exchange with YKD elders. All time series showed increasing maximum NDVI; however, whereas MODIS and Landsat trends were very similar, AVHRR-observed trends were weaker and had dissimilar spatial patterns. The AVHRR and MODIS records for time-integrated NDVI were dramatically different; AVHRR indicated weak declines, whereas MODIS indicated strong increases throughout the YKD. Disagreement largely arose from observations during shoulder seasons, when there is partial snow cover and very high cloud frequency. Nonetheless, both records shared strong correlations with spring sea ice extent and summer warmth. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that, despite frequent disturbances and high interannual variability in spring sea ice and summer warmth, tundra productivity is increasing on the YKD. Although climatic drivers of tundra productivity were similar to more continental parts of the Arctic, our intercomparison highlights sources of uncertainty in maritime areas like the YKD that currently, or soon will, challenge historical concepts of “what is Arctic.”
Laparotomy for Abdominal Stab Wound With Combined Omental and Organ Evisceration: 10-Year Experience From a Major Trauma Centre in South Africa
Authors: Kong Victor , Cheung Cynthia , Rajaretnam Nigel , Sarvepalli Rohit , Xu William , Bruce John , Laing Grant , Clarke Damian
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Combined omental and organ evisceration following anterior abdominal stab wound (SW) is uncommon and there is a paucity of literature describing the management and spectrum of injuries encountered at laparotomy.

Methods

A retrospective study was undertaken on all patients who presented with anterior abdominal SW involving combined omental and organ evisceration who underwent laparotomy over a 10-year period from January 2008 to January 2018 at a major trauma centre in South Africa.

Results

A total of 61 patients were eligible for inclusion and all underwent laparotomy: 87% male, mean age: 29 years. Ninety-two percent (56/61) had a positive laparotomy whilst 8% (5/61) underwent a negative procedure. Of the 56 positive laparotomies, 91% (51/56) were considered therapeutic and 9% (5/56) were non-therapeutic. In addition to omental evisceration, 59% (36/61) had eviscerated small bowel, 28% (17/61) had eviscerated colon and 13% (8/61) had eviscerated stomach. A total of 92 organ injuries were identified. The most commonly injured organs were small bowel, large bowel and stomach. The overall complication rate was 11%. Twelve percent (7/61) required intensive care unit admission. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days. The overall mortality rate for all 61 patients was 2%.

Conclusions

The presence of combined omental and organ evisceration following abdominal SW mandates laparotomy. The small bowel, large bowel and stomach were the most commonly injured organs in this setting.
Clinical performance of the Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection
Authors: Gabaldó-Barrios Xavier , Iftimie Simona , Hernández-Aguilera Anna , Pujol Isabel , Ballester Frederic , Fernández Luis , Cladellas Sara , Castro Antoni , Joven Jorge , Camps Jordi , Simó Josep M
Published: July 2021

Background

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection.

Methods

We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients who did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test.

Conclusion

This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.
Correlates of community rehabilitation service utilization among persons with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Song Li-yu
Published: July 2021

Background:

The use community psychiatric rehabilitation (CPR) service could facilitate community tenure, autonomy, and recovery among persons with psychiatric disabilities. Nevertheless, based on existing scientific evidence, the conformance rate with the treatment recommendations was modest and the existing services are underutilized in Taiwan.

Aims:

This study examined the correlates of CPR service utilization based on the Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization. Especially, the effects of enabling factors were explored.

Methods:

Five hundred and ninety-two participants from 32 community psychiatric rehabilitation centers in Taiwan completed the questionnaire. There were three groups of independent variables: predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Multiple regression analysis with a hierarchical method of entry was performed.

Results:

The hypothesized model was significant. Eight independent variables in the model explained 29.3% of the variances in the service utilization. Three enabling factors were significant after controlling for the effects of other factors. The most important correlate was professional relationships followed by family support and welfare subsidy.

Conclusions:

The findings support that factors associated with CPR service utilization need to be examined separately from general mental health service. CPR program design and service delivery should consider the three most important enabling factors and the extent of service utilization could be enhanced.
Getting integrative urban regeneration strategies done: Insights from Antwerp and Gothenburg
Authors: Brorström Sara , Willems Jannes
Published: July 2021

Integrative strategic management for urban regeneration involves reconciling conflicting demands and translating abstract concepts into concrete actions. This article examines how public-sector strategists address these dilemmas by developing a dynamic perspective that helps in understanding how they ‘strategize’. This perspective was applied to two urban regeneration projects in Gothenburg (Sweden) and Antwerp (Belgium). Our findings illustrate how actors strategize at different locations and times, putting middle-management strategists, in particular, on the horns of a dilemma. Acting quickly through establishing experimentation spaces could result in innovative outcomes, but politicians and local residents may feel bypassed; however, waiting until strategic visions are translated into detailed actions may eventually result in no action at all. This article helps us understand the disconnect between planning, implementation and performance in strategic management.

Points for practitioners

Public-sector strategists have to overcome conflicting demands in urban regeneration projects and translate ambitious visions into actions. As strategists' actions can drift from the original goals, they have to regularly reflect on the contribution of actions to the vision. Middle managers, in particular, have to be careful: their leeway can lead to innovative actions but can also clash with initial goals. Finally, living labs – used to implement the strategy at a small scale – should not become detached from the broader urban regeneration project.
Reuse potential of functionalized thermoplastic waste as reinforcement for thermoset polymers: Mechanical properties and erosion resistance
Authors: Kovačević Tihomir , Brzić Saša , Kalagasidis Krušić Melina , Nešić Jovica , Radović Ljubica , Dojčinović Marina , Rusmirović Jelena
Published: July 2021

Two types of polymer waste materials, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polycarbonate based Colombian Resin (CR-39), were used for the designing of fully recycled composite materials. Waste PET was employed for the synthesis of thermoset unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), while CR-39 was used as reinforcement in the UPR matrix. Prior to mixing, CR-39 particles were subjected to oxidation and chemical activation using acids/base and ethanol amine, respectively. The effect of the modifier type and variable loading of the activated CR-39 particles on mechanical and dynamic-mechanical properties of the corresponding composites was investigated. The greatest improvement in the tensile and flexural strength of UPR resin was achieved with the composite containing 0.5 wt% of amine activated filler particles, 96.0% and 62.2%, respectively. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the activation energy for glass transition from dynamic mechanical properties measured at various frequencies. The activation energy of the main transition for UPR resin and composites were calculated to be 173 and 350 kJ·mol−1 indicating that reinforcement results in an increase in the energy barrier to macromolecules viscoelastic relaxation. In addition, erosion resistance was studied during exposure of samples to cavitation tests. According to the obtained results, these materials can be applied in construction and mining industry.
Phytocystatin CsinCPI-2 Reduces Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Da Ponte Leguizamón N. , de Molon R.S. , Coletto-Nunes G. , Nogueira A.V.B. , Rocha S.V. , Neo-Justino D.M. , Soares-Costa A. , Cerri P.S. , Lerner U.H. , Souza P.P.C. , Cirelli J.A.
Published: July 2021

Periodontal disease (PD) is a polymicrobial chronic inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues around the teeth, leading to the destruction of surrounding connective tissue. During the progression of PD, osteoclasts play a crucial role in the resorption of alveolar bone that eventually leads to the loss of teeth if the PD is left untreated. Therefore, the development of antiresorptive therapies targeting bone-resorbing cells will significantly benefit the treatment of PD. Here, we demonstrate the inhibitory effect of CsinCPI-2, a novel cysteine peptidase inhibitor from the orange tree, on periodontitis-induced inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and osteoclast differentiation. Using the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice, we show that treatment with CsinCPI-2 (0.8 µg/g of body weight) significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate in the connective tissue and prevented the loss of alveolar bone mass (BV/TV) caused by PD, effects associated with diminished numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. Furthermore, CsinCPI-2 significantly downregulated the numbers of inflammatory cells expressing CD3, CD45, MAC387, and IL-1β. In vitro, CsinCPI-2 inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ multinucleated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was not due to cytotoxicity, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. CsinCPI-2 inhibited RANKL-induced mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, and Ctsk, as well as the RANKL-induced upregulation of Nfatc1, a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation. Based on our findings, CsinCPI-2 prevents bone loss induced by PD by controlling the inflammatory process and acting directly on osteoclastogenesis, suggesting an interesting potential for CsinCPI-2 in the strategy for PD treatment.
Adolescent Tracheostomy for COVID-19 Respiratory Failure
Authors: Leavitt Taylor , Brooks Rebecca L. , Mitchell Ron B. , Johnson Romaine F. , Chorney Stephen R.
Published: July 2021

Pediatric tracheostomy for COVID-19 infections is uncommon and requires age-appropriate adaptations. This case adds to a limited body of literature related to tracheostomy placement and management in an adolescent. Thoughtful planning and communication by a dedicated tracheostomy team was crucial in obtaining a successful outcome.
Creating Regulatory Harmony: The Participatory Politics of OECD Chemical Testing Standards in the Making
Authors: Lanier-Christensen Colleen
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has become a powerful forum for trade liberalization and regulatory harmonization. OECD members have worked to reconcile divergent national regulatory approaches, applying a single framework across sovereign states, in effect determining whose knowledge-making practices would guide regulatory action throughout the industrialized world. Focusing on US regulators, industry associations, and environmental groups, this article explores the participatory politics of OECD chemical regulation harmonization in the late 1970s to early 1980s. These efforts were conditioned by differential institutional access and resources among stakeholders who sought to shape regulatory knowledge rules. Facing competing European and US approaches to chemical data—a minimum “base set” of test data versus case-by-case determinations—OECD members chose the European approach in 1980. However, US regulatory politics shifted with the election of President Reagan, prompting industry associations to lobby the US government to block the agreement. Examining the micropolitics of these standards in the making, I demonstrate that while long-term structures advantaged industrial actors, ideological alignment with the US government precipitated their decisive influence. The case illustrates the importance of attending to the distinctive politics of international harmonization and the effects on transnational knowledge-making and regulatory intervention.
Prediction and Development of Preventive Strategies for Lateral Hinge Fracture During Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Based on Osteotomy Configurations
Authors: Choi Han Gyeol , Kim Joo Sung , Jung You Sun , Yoo Hyun Jin , Lee Yong Seuk
Published: July 2021

Background:

Lateral hinge fracture (LHF) is a major complication of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and may result in poor outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to develop preventive strategies by identifying factors that affect LHFs. We hypothesized that (1) each LHF type would have different affecting factors and that (2) specific operative strategies that can contribute to the prevention of each LHF type can be developed.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 261 consecutive knees treated with biplanar OWHTO between March 2014 and December 2017. Perioperative radiological variables that can affect LHFs were measured and divided into 2 categories: unmodifiable and modifiable. A regression model was developed, and subgroup analyses involving comparisons between the non-LHF group and each LHF group were performed. The weightbearing line (WBL) ratio was measured at 2 weeks and 1 year after surgery to determine the serial changes in each LHF type.

Results:

A total of 66 knees (25.3%) were diagnosed with LHFs. From these, 26 (39.4%), 13 (19.7%), 15 (22.7%), and 12 (18.2%) showed type I, II, III, and I-variant LHFs, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, a larger posterior gap and distance X and a smaller fibular height (FH) were significant unmodifiable factors, while the retrotubercular thickness was a significant modifiable factor, for type I LHF. For type II LHF, a smaller lateral condylar slope and a larger distance X were significant unmodifiable factors, while the lateral distal fragment thickness and the osteotomy-condylar angle were significant modifiable factors. For type III LHF, a larger lateral condylar width and distance X and a smaller FH were significant unmodifiable factors, while the lateral proximal fragment thickness and the retrotubercular angle (RA) were significant modifiable factors. A smaller FH and a larger distance X were significant unmodifiable factors for type I-variant LHFs, while the lateral thickness ratio and the RA were significant modifiable factors. Between postoperative week 2 and 1 year, the WBL ratio decreased in cases with type I LHFs ( P < .001) and increased in those with type II ( P = .001) and type I-variant ( P = .006) LHFs.

Conclusion:

Unmodifiable and modifiable factors for the development of LHFs after OWHTO differ among LHF types. To prevent LHFs, the causes of each LHF must be identified, the patient’s specific geometry be considered in the preoperative planning, and the surgical technique be modified according to the modifiable factors. In addition, during the rehabilitation period after OWHTO, specific caution and close observation are necessary for alignment changes related to each LHF type.
Samuel Fuller (1580–1633). Pilgrim doctor with the Mayflower
Authors: Hunting Penelope
Published: July 2021

The voyage of the Mayflower to New England where the Pilgrims founded a new colony in 1620, was beset by hardships. As deacon, doctor and diplomat to the colonists, Samuel Fuller was their mainstay for thirteen years.
India’s Interplay with Liberal International Order: Potentials and Constraints
Authors: Chandam Johnson Singh
Published: July 2021

India’s limited partnership with the liberal international order (LIO) of the post-Second World War period had seen a substantial transformation after the end of the Cold War through its economic integration with the world economy. At this critical time of liberal internationalism triggered by the relative decline of American hegemony, rise of the non-Western powers and the tendency of populism in the West, India’s role in the emerging order has been a fundamental imperative. The rationale for its comprehensive partnership with the liberal order rests on four main considerations: the looming threat to the liberal order and India’s role; consistency of India’s political principles with that of the liberal order; the concern for national interest, identity and global role; and finally, the absence of any viable alternative order. In spite of these promising values and necessities, India’s deeper integration has been constrained by three major factors. The first reason relates to the very concept of the LIO, which is slightly Western-oriented. The second reason corresponds to India’s core identity and its governing view with regards to the world—of non-alignment, sovereign autonomy, non-interference and civilisational identity. Finally, its maximum assimilation within the liberal order continues to be hindered by ‘domestic setbacks’.
Socio-Demographic and Coping Correlates and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income and Ethnic Minority Mothers At-Risk
Authors: Atkins Rahshida , Johnson Shanda , Pontes Manuel C. F. , Stellmacher Tiffany , Gadaleta Daniella , Lewis Helene , Qosja Arta , Finkelstein Dana , Williams Wanda
Published: July 2021

This study identified coping and sociodemographic correlates and predictors of depressive symptoms in mothers at risk for clinical depression. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. A convenience sample of 88 low-income or ethnic-minority mothers aged 21 to 45 completed a depression scale, demographic data sheet, and responded to an open-ended question. Content analysis, descriptive, and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. Exactly 42.5% of mothers reported high depressive symptoms (>16). Lower income levels ( r = .342, p = .01) and head-of-household status ( r = .220, p = .04) were significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms. Those who used social support coping had lower depressive symptoms than those who did not ( t = 2.50, p = .014). Those using emotion-focused coping only had higher depressive symptoms than those using a mix of coping strategies ( t = 2.60, p = .011). Healthcare providers can employ vigilant depression screening and encourage utilization of a mix of problem and emotion-focused coping strategies to reduce depressive symptoms and prevent clinical depression.
Optic disc and choroidal metastases secondary to breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Bouraoui Rim , El Matri Khaled , Falfoul Yousra , Chelly Zied , Chebil Ahmed , Mghaieth Fatma , Matri Leila El
Published: July 2021

Aim:

To report an uncommon case of optic disc and multiple choroidal metastases secondary to breast cancer, assessed with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), fluorescein (FA), and infracyanine (ICGA) angiographies.

Methods:

Observational case report.

Case presentation:

A 40-year-old woman with history of left breast carcinoma presented with blurred vision in her right eye (RE). Her visual acuity was 1/20 in the RE and 10/10 in the left eye. Fundus examination of the RE showed a large yellowish elevation of the posterior pole and a particular whitish nodular papillary cluster protruding from the optic disc into the vitreous. Infrared imaging enhanced the papillary nodular infiltrates. Characteristic findings of choroidal metastasis were noted within the macular lesion on SS-OCT and ICGA. SS-OCT showed specific “lumpy bumpy” irregularity of the anterior surface of the choroid and elevated hyperreflective nodular lesions of the optic disc associated to peripapillary subretinal fluid. The papillary lesions appeared as a bunch of hypofluorescent dots on both FA and ICGA, and ultra-wide field FA was helpful clearly delimiting the large macular lesion. Besides, comprehensive imaging and especially ICGA could detect two asymptomatic choroidal metastases in a systematic assessment of the fellow eye.

Conclusion:

Optic disc metastases are extremely rare. Their diagnosis can be easily done on fundus examination when presenting with characteristic whitish cluster nodular infiltrates of the optic disc. However multimodal imaging remains very useful for the assessment of the local extension of the lesion and for diagnosing associated asymptomatic choroidal lesions gone unnoticed at the fundus examination.
Pachychoroid neovasculopathy: A comparative review on pathology, clinical features, and therapy
Authors: Sagar Pradeep , Sodhi Preetkanwar Singh , Roy Sangeeta , Takkar Brijesh , Azad Shorya Vardhan
Published: July 2021

There have been major changes in our understanding of choroidal diseases in the last decade owing to multiple retinal and choroidal imaging related advances. A major conceptual pivot is establishment of pachychoroid and its spectrum of clinical disorders: pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, and focal choroidal excavation. However, considerable overlaps in manifestations and therapeutics of these disorders make differentiation amongst them difficult. This review is focused on pathogenesis and clinical aspects of pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). Since PNV was defined as a separate entity around 5 years ago, there have been numerous contrasting observations surrounding it. We review and summarize these studies, and also compare PNV with other disorders of the pachychoroid spectrum in detail. There are important differences between etiologies of neovascular age related macular degeneration and PNV. Yet the current treatment strategies for PNV have been extrapolated from the trials for the former. Future research needs to validate this assumption with long-term results.
Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care Clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Kare Assefa Philipos , Gujo Amelo Bolka
Published: July 2021

Background:

Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and children. Nevertheless, information regarding the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant in the study area is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Method:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to December 15, 2020, among 340 pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years who came for focused antenatal care follow-up. Trained data collectors administered questionnaires, and collected capillary blood and stool samples. Data were coded and entered into EPI Info 7 and the analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Factors associated with anemia were assessed using binary logistic regression. Those variables that had a P-value less than .25 on bi-variable regression analysis were considered for multi-variable regression analysis. Statistical significance was declared with P < .05.

Result:

The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 24.1% (95% CI: 19.55%-28.69%). The majority of anemia cases were mildly anemic (62.2.0%). Increased odds of anemia was found among pregnant women with household monthly income ⩽2550 Ethiopian Birr (⩽69.67 United States Dollar) (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.76), not attended formal education (AOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.42, 10.54), not using iron tablets (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.27) and infected with Plasmodium vivax (AOR = 7.58; 95% CI: 3.11, 18.47).

Conclusions:

Anemia had moderate public health significance in the study. Low monthly family income, educational status, iron tablet consumption during pregnancy and Plasmodium vivax infection were found to be independent predictors for anemia in pregnancy. The burden of anemia should be alleviated through enhancing maternal socio-economic status, prevention of illnesses targeting pregnant women, and strengthening the expansion of prenatal iron-folate supplementation.
Efficacy and Safety of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis across Age Groups: Analysis from Pooled Pivotal and Real-world Studies
Authors: Oh Jiwon , Vukusic Sandra , Tiel-Wilck Klaus , Inshasi Jihad Said , Rog David , Baker Darren P , Pyatkevich Yelena , Poole Elizabeth M , Vermersch Patrick
Published: July 2021

Background:

Evidence suggests that efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis may differ with age. We evaluate efficacy and safety of teriflunomide across age subgroups of patients from pooled clinical trials and real-world studies.

Methods:

Post hoc analyses of patients who received teriflunomide 14 mg in the pooled phase II and III TEMSO, TOWER, TENERE, and TOPIC core and extension studies (n = 1978), and the real-world Teri-PRO (n = 928) and TAURUS-MS I (n = 1126) studies were conducted. Data were stratified by age at study entry: ⩽25, >25 to ⩽35, >35 to ⩽45, and >45 years. In Teri-PRO and TAURUS-MS I, an additional group, >55 years, was assessed.

Results:

In the pooled core studies, teriflunomide reduced annualized relapse rate (ARR) versus placebo across all ages. Unadjusted ARRs remained low across age groups in pooled extensions (0.18-0.30), Teri-PRO (0.10-0.35), and TAURUS-MS I (0.14-0.35). Baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were higher with age, but stable through core and extension studies (mean increases over 7 years: ⩽25 years, +0.59; >25 to ⩽35 years, +0.46; >35 to ⩽45 years, +0.35; >45 years, +0.81). Across age groups, adverse event (AE) incidences were 78.4% to 90.7% in pooled core and extension studies and Teri-PRO, and 29.2% to 37.7% in TAURUS-MS I; serious AE incidences were ⩽21.3% in all studies. In pooled phase III and Teri-PRO studies, lymphocyte count decreases over 1 year after initiating teriflunomide, and proportions of patients developing lymphopenia, were small across age groups.

Conclusions:

Teriflunomide efficacy was demonstrated regardless of age. Safety was generally consistent across age groups.
Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory profile of cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Pitteri Marco , Magliozzi Roberta , Nicholas Richard , Ziccardi Stefano , Pisani Anna Isabella , Pezzini Francesco , Marastoni Damiano , Calabrese Massimiliano
Published: July 2021

Background:

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) molecular milieu is a marker of diffuse intrathecal inflammation in the meninges that, in turn, targets the grey matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive impairment (CI) is associated with brain damage in MS and is often present early in people with MS (pwMS).

Objective:

To investigate whether a specific CSF inflammatory profile is associated with different degrees of CI in newly diagnosed pwMS.

Methods:

Sixty-nine pwMS and 43 healthy controls (HCs) underwent neuropsychological testing. The presence and levels of 57 inflammatory mediators in the CSF were assessed.

Results:

Apparently cognitively normal (ACN) pwMS had impaired executive functioning compared to HCs but performed better than pwMS with mild and severe CI (mCI and sCI) in all tests. CSF mediators involving innate immunity and immune activation and recruitment, differentiate ACN from pwMS with mCI, while CSF mediators related to B- and T-cell immunity and chemotaxis differentiate both ACN and mCI from those with sCI. CXCL13 was the only molecule that differentiated sCI from mCI pwMS.

Conclusion:

Specific CSF molecular patterns, reflecting the involvement of both innate and adaptive immune responses, are associated with the severity of CI in newly diagnosed pwMS.
Effect of educational progressive web application on patient’s oral and denture knowledge and hygiene: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ng Jade Yi Ming , Lim Tong Wah , Tarib Natasya , Ho Ting Khee
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel progressive web application (PWA) on the patient’s oral and denture knowledge and hygiene. Fifty-two removable partial denture wearers were randomised to receive education using the PWA, or verbal instructions accompanied by demonstration of hygienic procedures. Changes in the participants’ knowledge score, plaque index, gingival index and denture plaque was evaluated during a follow-up period of 3 months. The participants’ acceptance of PWA was explored through usage logs and a feedback form. Both groups showed significant improvement in knowledge scores, oral and denture hygiene indices ( p < 0.001) after education. The PWA group demonstrated significantly lower gingival index score than control ( p = 0.008) at the third month review. In conclusion, there is potential of using mobile application in educating elderly patients and the PWA is a viable option for providing post-denture delivery instructions.
Audience Preferences in Determining Quality News Production of Backpack Journalism
Authors: Gee Charlie
Published: July 2021

The focus of the study centered on television (TV) newsgathering techniques and if the techniques delineated the quality of journalistic presentation. College students ( N = 493) were surveyed on preferences of production quality criteria associated with news stories produced by traditional two-person crews and backpack journalists (BPJs). Respondents were shown eight randomly selected videotaped news stories from a TV market that employed both traditional two-person news crews and BPJs. Each news story was judged on perceptions of pacing, camera composition, lighting, voice narration, interviews selected, and script production.
Prosodic Elements for Content Delivery in Broadcast Journalism: A Quantitative Study of Vocal Pitch
Authors: Nissen Shawn , Randle Quint B. , Johnson Jared L. , Lynes Jenny
Published: July 2021

Individuals verbally express meaning not only through speech sounds and words but also prosodically through the pitch, loudness, and tempo of their voice. Through a quantitative analysis, this exploratory study examined the prosodic elements of mean pitch, pitch variability, and pitch range in a sample of 450 voice-overs and throws from 90 male and female broadcast reporters and anchors from larger markets across the United States. Findings indicate that compared to typical speakers in the general population, male broadcasters actually speak with an elevated mean pitch, more pitch variability, and use more range. However, female broadcasters were found to speak at slightly lower mean pitch levels when compared to other female speakers in the general population (but like males with more variability and range). It is hoped that this study will serve as a starting point in moving broadcast vocal coaching from that of just an art to a bit more of a science.
The Changing and Unchanging Nature and Salary of the First Job in Local TV News
Authors: Papper Bob
Published: July 2021

Past studies (by Lee Becker and me) have shown that almost all new local TV news hires of recent college graduates are among journalism, broadcast and communication majors. The industry has always looked to academia to prepare students for that first job in local TV news. But as the industry changes—however slowly—are those jobs the same as they used to be? And is the pay any different? I’ve been conducting the annual RTDNA Surveys for the past 27 years, and I’ve taken a look back over time to see how industry hiring is evolving.
Cutting Edge: Innovation and Improvement in Local TV News
Authors: Wenger Deb
Published: July 2021

Innovation in local television news is hard to quantify but urgently required according to Andrew Heyward, one of the country’s leading experts on the topic. The former president of CBS News now directs a major research initiative at Arizona State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. The research project, funded by the Knight Foundation, is focused on identifying best practices in local TV news and on collaborating with stations to develop new strategies to ensure sustainability.