bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The politics of racial and social quotas in public universities in Brazil: a case study at the University of Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Mercia Andrade , Leal Débora Araújo
Published: May 2023

Affirmative actions is not a recent policy, however, in Brazil, the discussion on the subject dates back to the 1990s, being expanded from 2001 onwards. It is known that the System of Racial and Social Quotas presents itself as a form of access to Brazilian public universities and represents an alternative to reduce existing differences in the social environment. The objective is to analyze the criteria for the System of Racial and Social Quotas at the University of Brasília, based on a case study of a report published by Veja magazine in 2007. The results are presented in two categories, in the first one entitled “The case of Alex and Alan”, the case of two identical twin brothers who signed up for the Unb Vestibular in the Quota System modality is described, however, Alan was considered afro-descendant and Alex, white; in the second category. It is considered that there were improvements in the System of Racial Quotas at the University of Brasilia when these criteria were revisited and modified and in the expansion of the affirmative action policy that currently includes the System of Social Quotas.
Emergency response towards safeguarding children’s rights and needs in India
Authors: Madhuri N V , Joseph Vanishree , Devsharma Bijita
Published: May 2023

This paper seeks to understand the situation with regard to India’s emergency response to children’s needs and rights in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. As far as emergency response strategies are concerned, it has proved to be a period of great learning for India. India’s lack of preparedness to deal with this unprecedented crisis was being pointed out right from the very beginning. However, India has shown resilience in the midst of chaos and tried to constantly adapt and innovate. Those initiatives are captured in this paper.
Develop a risk stratification model and clinical analysis to predict the impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on complete AV block in acute inferior STEMI patients
Authors: Khan Nasir , Haq Habib Ul , Sahito Sarfraz Hussain , Chaudhry Zainab Aziz , Shahid Muhammad , Mirza Omer Aziz
Published: May 2023

Background: Acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is medical emergency entailing immediate intervention to restore blood flow and mitigate myocardial damage. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has replaced thrombolytic therapy as preferred treatment strategy for having superior outcomes. Objectives: To develop a risk stratification model incorporating the identified predictors to estimate the individual risk of complete AV block in patients undergoing primary PCI for acute inferior STEMI. Methods: This study enrolled 139 patients diagnosed with acute inferior STEMI who underwent primary PCI at the hospital. They were divided into two groups, i.e. pre-operative and post-operative carrying 54 and 85 patients, respectively.  On admission, demographic, clinical data and peak values of cardiac biomarkers were obtained and the complications associated with PCI were elaborated. Results: Mean age of patients was 59.81+8.19 years, and comprised significantly more male (97) than female (42) patients (p<0.05). Proportion of patients with a history of complete AV block was 10.79%. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (33.09%), hypertension (49.64%), and dyslipidemia (64.74%).Coronary angiography findings for predicting AV block in patients with STEMI were categorized by location of culprit lesion in coronary vessels.
USE OF A HOMEOPATHIC PRODUCT IN DOGS REDUCES THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CANINE ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Glombowsky Patricia , Galli Gabriela M , Da silva Aleksandro Schafer , Bottari Nathieli B , Faccin Thalison , Schetinger Maria Rosa , Petrolli Tiago G
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine whether a homeopathic product formulated based on Hepar sulfur, Rhus toxicodendron, Graphites, and Urtica urens would prevent atopic dermatitis in dogs. Ten male beagle dogs were used, divided into two groups with five repetitions per group. The control (CO) animals received a diet with 0.5 mL/day of placebo for 30 consecutive days in a preventive manner, and we later added ethoxyquin at 0.4 mg/day. The treated group (TRA) received a ration with 0.5 mL/day of homeopathic for 30 consecutive days as a preventive, and we later added ethoxyquin at 0.4 mg/day. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 30, and 40 to analyze antioxidant and oxidant status. In an ethogram, the presence of a crusted lesion, alopecic lesion, or hair loss were evaluated at three timepoints: pre-challenge, 5, and 10 days post-challenge. No lesions were observed in the pre-challenge period. Dogs fed the homeopathic on day 5 after challenge presented 40% less crusted lesion and 60% less hair loss than the control. Nitric oxide (NOx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased over time in both groups (P < 0.001). On day 40 of the experiment, lower levels of NOx (P < 0.001) and ROS (P < 0.025) were observed in the TRA group than in the CO group. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase activity increased over time in both groups (P < 0.001); however, this increase on day 40 was more significant in the dogs in the treated group than in the control (P < 0.010). We conclude that the preventive addition of homeopathic reduced the incidence of skin lesions and prevented oxidative stress caused by canine atopic dermatitis.
EFFECTS OF OVER−DAY AND OVERNIGHT FASTING ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND OXIDATIVE PROFILE OF HEALTHY DOGS
Authors: Souza Wennely Karoline Costa , Mendonça Mariana Orlandini , De Oliveira Tainara Martins , Gonçalves Geovanna Santos , Vieira Susana Eduardo , Monzani Guilherme Stuqui , De Oliveira Paula Lima , Bosculo Maria Rachel Melo , Floriano Beatriz Perez , Almeida Breno Fernando Martins
Published: May 2023

The influence of the circadian rhythm on canine laboratory parameters is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate possible fluctuations that occur on laboratory tests of healthy dogs following overnight and over−day fasting. For this purpose, 20 adult clinically healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Venous blood samples were obtained 7:00 am (ONF, overnight fasting) and at 7:00 pm (ODF, over−day fasting) at the same day, following a 12−hour period of respectively overnight and over−day fasting for hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress assessment. The erythrogram showed significant reduction of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measured by the cell counter following ODF. The only change seen on the leukogram was a lower lymphocyte count following ODF. No significant changes were found on platelet count, although ODF was associated with decreased mean platelet volume (MPV) and total plasma protein (TPP). ODF caused a significant reduction of total cholesterol, ALP, phosphate and triglycerides. On oxidative stress parameters, ODF reduced total oxidant capacity (TOC) and increased lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the time of fasting can partly influence hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in dogs significantly, which warrants standardization of fasting period prior to laboratory tests in dogs, especially during research.
SAFETY OF UTERINE LAVAGE WITH OZONATED SALINE IN MARES
Authors: Polesso Mazzuchini Mariana , Garrido Teixeira Martini Segabinazzi Lorenzo , Akio Tongu Eriky , Tiemi Cardoso Okada Carolina , Fernandes Joaquim Jean Guilherme , Alvarenga Marco Antonio
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to assess the safety of uterine lavage using ozonated saline in mares. Each liter of saline (NaCl 0.9%) was ozonated at 50 µg of ozone per mL for 7 min using a medical ozone generator. Then, uterine lavage was performed during estrus or 4h post-breeding and each liter of saline remained inside the uterus for 10 min before being recovered. In experiment 1, two cycles of six mares were used in a crossover design. Lavage was performed with ozonated (Treated) or non-ozonated (Control) saline 4h after the infusion of dead sperm, and cytology samples and biopsies were collected 6 and 24h later. Experiment 2, endometrial biopsies were collected before lavage (T0) and at 15 (T15), 30 (T30), and 60 (T60) days post-treatment with ozonated (n=11) or non-ozonated (n=3) saline. In experiment 3 (n=10), the pregnancy outcome was evaluated subsequent to lavage with ozonated saline 4h after insemination. In Experiment 1, there were no difference at 6h post-breeding in PMNs count on endometrial cytology between treatment and control groups (P>0.05). However, PMNs tended (P=0.09) to be superior in the experimental treatment compared to the control at 24h post-breeding. In addition, the number of PMNs tended to be lower in the control cycle at 6 h (P=0.06) and 24 h (P=0.08) in endometrial biopsies. In Experiment 2, the endometrial architecture, the numbers of lymphocytes and PMN were not affected by the treatment (P>0.05). In Experiment 3, nine out of 10 mares were confirmed to be pregnant after treatment, and there was not pregnancy loss up to 60 days. In conclusion, uterine lavage with ozonante saline solution may cause a mild endometrial inflammation, however, doesn’t harm the endometrium or impact pregnancy outcomes in healthy mares.
The use of body growth and kinship data from 16 generations for predicting Thoroughbred performance
Authors: Dall'Anese Julia , Da Silva Junior Joaquim Dias Antunes , Abrahão Carolina Lorena Hohl , Dias de Castro Luciana Laitano , Brandão Yara De Oliveira , Yoshitani Úrsula Yaeko , Knopp Vanessa , Molento Marcelo Beltrão
Published: May 2023

Thoroughbred horses have been intensely raised for their athletic potential that is correlated with morphological parameters (i.e., body weight - BW, and withers height - WH). Optimum and consistent body development is aimed, but excessive growth rates may lead to the development of orthopedic diseases. This study aimed to generate growth rate curves and prediction models of Thoroughbred horses by analyzing BW and WH data collected monthly over 16 years of 378 animals (23.6 animals/year). The animals were checked from birth to 18 months (160 colts and 181 fillies) on a farm in the south of Brazil. A prediction performance ARIMA model was developed based on the BW and WH of the foals using a maximum and minimum range of 7320 observations. BW and WH were 54,1 kg and 102,5 cm at birth and 397,8 kg and 150,6 cm at 18 months of age, respectively. No differences were found between sex at any age. Moreover, we have established a nonlinear function for the growth curve and on average, foals were expected to get 7.4 times heavier and 1.5 times taller when animals were fully grown. Males showed greater BW uniformity than females, as females had a lower minimum BW than males. Significant statistical differences (P < 0,05%) were reported for BW and WH of foals between pairs of sires highlighting the kinship (paternal) effect on the animals’ development. Seventy-two pairs of stallions showed statistical relevance for BW and 91 for WH. The ARIMA model produced a linear trend of BW and WH for the forecasted years. In conclusion, we recommend that careful sire selection and adequate health (i.e., parasite control, vaccination), and nutrition strategies must be adopted to achieve superior body growth as estimated by the predicting model (positive scenario). The present protocol shall be used in studs worldwide to monitor horse development. The spreadsheet is available on request to the corresponding authors.
SEROPREVALENCE OF Q FEVER AMONG SHEEP IN MOSUL CITY, IRAQ
Authors: Al-Farwachi Maab Ibrahim , Al-Robaiee Israa Abdulghani
Published: May 2023

The current study aimed to determine the Q fever seroprevalence rate of local sheep in Mosul City in northern Iraq between October 2019 and January 2020. Three hundred and thirty sera were collected and analyzed by a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA) to detect Coxiella burnetii antibodies. A total of 68 animals (seroprevalence: 20.6%) gave positive results. The results showed that the eastern part of Mosul city's prevalence rate was higher than in other areas (28.2%). According to age and sex, the prevalence of adult sheep (21.8%) is higher in females (21.3%) than young sheep (19.4%) and males (19%). Also, we noticed that the infection rate of aborted ewes (26.4%) is higher than that of non-aborted ewes.
ATIVIDADE ANTI-HELMÍNTICA DE EUGENOL, TANINO E TIMOL FRENTE À NEOECHINORHYNCHUS BUTTNERAE
Authors: Dos Santos Daniel Silva , Majolo Cláudia , Dos Santos Welliton Bezerra , De Oliveira Maria Inês Braga , Farias Caio Francisco Santana , Brandão Franmir Rodrigues , Chagas Edsandra Campos
Published: May 2023

Este estudo avaliou a atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro do eugenol, timol e ácido tânico contra o endoparasito acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Intestinos do peixe tambaqui Colossoma macropomum foram coletados e dissecados para remoção do parasito. A atividade anti-helmíntica dos compostos estudados foi testada in vitro usando meio mínimo essencial (MEM) para manter a viabilidade do parasita. Um grupo controle e de 8 a 10 tratamentos foram realizados em triplicata. Dez espécimes de N. buttnerae foram introduzidos em cada placa MEM e, após exposição aos compostos, a motilidade dos parasitos foi observada a cada 15 minutos. O valor de CL50 do eugenol após 2, 6 e 24 h de exposição foi 1,01, 0,79 e 0,41 mg.mL-1, respectivamente; para o timol os valores foram 1,97; 0,96 e 0,92 mg.mL-1 e para o ácido tânico foram 4,68, 1,79 e 1,30 mg.mL-1. Dentre os compostos testados, o eugenol foi o mais eficiente contra N. buttnerae, eliminando 100% dos parasitos após 15 min de exposição às três maiores concentrações testadas (1,56; 3,125 e 6,25 mg.mL-1). O timol eliminou mais de 90% dos parasitos após 2h de exposição aos três maiores níveis testados (0,78; 1,56 e  3,125 mg.mL-1), e o ácido tânico apresentou a menor atividade, eliminando 100% dos parasitas após 6h de exposição a doses entre 6,25 e 50 mg.mL-1.
Frequency of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs and cats from the metropolitan region of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Covre Kamila Cunha , Farias Priscila Camargo Granadeiro , Müller Rosângela Aparecida , Amorim Vanessa Gobbi , Lopes Rosalida Estevan Nazar , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani , Vitor Ricardo Wagner De Almeida , Fux Blima
Published: May 2023

Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is widely distributed worldwide. Seroprevalence in pets is a reliable tool to determine environmental parasite presence and  human risk of infection due to proximity to these animals. In this context, the frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in sera of dogs and cats from Espirito Santo, Brazil and risk factors associated with the infection (sex, age, allocation, and breed) were assessed. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 39.4% (149/378) and 38.1% (142/373) of the dogs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), respectively. In cats, antibodies were detected in 15.2% (12/79) by ELISA and 7.6% (6/79) by IFAT. Canine infection was associated with stray origin and older ages. Feline females showed a higher chance of infection. There was an agreement between techniques in the detection of antibodies in dogs (k = 0.82) and cats (k = 0.63). These results indicate the parasite presence in the urban environment, suggesting the possibility of infection to humans and other animals. However, this risk is lower while considering pet domiciled animals with a more controlled diet and better hygiene conditions.
O PROGRAMA APRENDIZAGEM PARA TODOS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE RACIONALIDADE TÉCNICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM ANGOLA
Authors: Bortot Camila Maria , Brás Chocolate Adão
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a construção e a consolidação da agenda que tem por base a racionalidade técnica para programas de formação inicial e continuada de professores angolanos no período de 2010-2020. Para tanto, focaliza o exame ao Projeto de Aprendizagem para Todos (PAT), em implementação desde 2013 com financiamento e assistência técnica do Banco Mundial e da Fundação Calouste Gulbekian. Apresenta dados relativos aos instrumentos pedagógicos que atribuem a formação docente à institucionalização da agenda pedagógica-mercantil de competências, aos preceitos da Nova Gestão Pública. Assim, ocorre em Angola, no período analisado, a racionalidade pelas vias endógenas e exógenas, em que instituições internacionais promovem a instalação da interdependência ao traçar planos nacionais a partir de pautas globais para lidar com problemas que exigem cooperação internacional e/ou alinhamento de políticas nacionais. O PAT, por sua vez, institucionaliza e direciona a formação inicial e continuada de docentes e gestores ao projeto internacional do direito à aprendizagem de harmonização para o controle e a eficácia de resultados em larga escala.
Intergovernmental Harmony: An Imperative for Navigating Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Agbude Godwyns Ade’ , Afolabi Temitope
Published: May 2023

The reality in the world today has to accommodate thedistortions and unprecedented global challenges necessitatedby the coronavirus disease which has affected all aspects ofhuman endeavours, thus demanding swift response fromthe government to chart the course through the pandemicinto progress and normalcy as the pandemic has greatlyaffected all sphere ranging from economic, social, health,educational, to religious aspect of life. An understanding ofthe crucial role of government in mobilising necessarystakeholders across relevant sectors and levels of governmenthas made harmonious intergovernmental relations paramountin navigating the coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria becauseall actors must be deliberately engaged in a coordinatedmanner while leveraging a result-oriented approach to achievethe desired outcome. The methodology used for this researchwork is qualitative in nature with reliance on secondary data.Systems theory is the adopted theoretical base of analysis,thus, informing the stance of this discourse thatintergovernmental relations is key in effectively navigating the pandemic in Nigeria. The study identified that the usualacrimonious interplay between all levels of government inNigeria will be antithetical to the post-covid-19 developmentaleffort of the Nigerian State, hence, there is the need forsynergy, common alliance, coordination, and unity of purposebetween and among all levels of government targeted atmaking her developmental efforts during and after thepandemic plausible. This study recommends a robustintergovernmental management system that will helpcoordinate the interactions and relationships between thevarious governmental levels and actors as this will catalysesustainable progress in battling the pandemic.
United Nations Women and Gender Equality in Nigeria:
Authors: Ayodeji Bello Lateefat , Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
Published: May 2023

Over the years, the United Nations made several attempts toprioritise gender equality through the establishment ofinternational treaties, conventions, and creation of entitiesdedicated to address the needs of women. The UN Womenis one of such laudable initiatives. It is in this connectionthat this paper examined the challenges of promoting genderequality in Nigeria, focusing on the agenda set by UN Women.Specifically, the paper looks at Nigeria’s progress so far inattaining the four target areas of the UN Women in Nigeria.The target areas include: Peace, Security and HumanitarianAction, Economic Empowerment and Resilience, Leadershipand Political Participation, and Ending Violence againstWomen. The paper leveraged the critical and liberal feministtheories to analyse gender equality issues and the challengesposed to the UN women efforts in promoting gender equalityin Nigeria. The paper argues that Nigeria has made someprogress in the target areas of the UN Women through theratification of international treaties, policy formulation, andcreation of agencies. The UN women has also demonstratedcommitment to its aim of promoting gender equality in Nigeria in its four thematic areas of engagement through campaignsand advocacy, capacity-building, partnerships and strategicalliances; service delivery and improving access to services.However, there are challenges that hinder the promotion ofgender equality in the country. These challenges include: theNigerian law, insecurity, the political terrain, cultural andreligious practices, human rights record, funding, poverty;and COVID-19 Pandemic. The findings of this paper revealsthat UN Women plays an important role in advancing genderequality in Nigeria. The paper concludes that institutionalstructures that hinders the progress of gender equality inNigeria should be addressed so as to solve the socioeconomic problems that has posed a major threat to the UNwomen programmes and works. This, the paper recommendsthat a lot can be achieved by creating institutions andimplementing policies that encourage and drive economicgrowth among women in the country. Domesticatinginternational conventions and eliminating discriminatory lawsagainst women in the Nigerian constitution will also helpaddress the challenges of the UN Women in Nigeria.
Research on Promotion Mode of Wuyuan Specialty Based on Blockchain
Authors: Wu Jingyan , Wang Zhixuan , Xie Tong , Song Xinyue , Chu Jinting
Published: May 2023

Wuyuan's existing specialties have a long history and a rich variety, but due to geographical restrictions, insufficient market demand and the contradiction between the slow sale of goods under the epidemic situation, the development of Wuyuan's specialty retail industry has encountered bottlenecks. At present, blockchain as the underlying support technology of digital currency has been applied to varying degrees in the financial industry, sharing economy, supply chain management and other fields, while there is still insufficient research on the promotion of special products and the application of retail models. Relying on the characteristics of immutability, instant plasticity and decentralization of blockchain, this paper systematically analyzes the application status and development advantages of blockchain. In order to improve the efficiency of the supply chain and ensure the quality of the supply of special products, this paper combines preliminary practices such as field investigations, sorts out the sales model of Wuyuan specialties, puts forward development countermeasures and suggestions, and develops the "Four Colors Wuyuan" WeChat Mini Program suitable for product tracking and traceability by building a specialty sales platform that can supervise and feedback in real time, boosting the digital development of Wuyuan's economy, promoting the optimization and reform of economic structure, and helping rural revitalization.
A study of measuring blood sugar levels in cows in areas around Nasiriyah city using the ready-made ACCU_CHEK method and using a kit.
Authors: Jalil Abed Gatie
Published: May 2023

Measuring the concentration of sugar in cows is very important to assess their health status, as well as the possibility of treatment with solutions containing sugar to treat a number of diseases that affect cows. The range of sugar concentration in cows is 42-75 mg / 100 ml of blood. The study aimed at the possibility of using the ACCU-CHEK device with human use to measure sugar concentration in cows due to the speed of results, ease of use, low price of the device and the attached tapes, and the possibility of transporting it and working in the field compared to the spectrometer and kit attached to it. This study was designed to compare two methods for measuring the concentration of sugar in the blood of cows, which are kit, in which 52 blood samples were used from healthy and sick cows and calves living in the suburbs of Nasiryah city, and the ACCU-CHEK rapid device method using a drop of blood from 52 heads of cows and calves for direct use. Accu-chek  (device) can be used to measure the concentration of sugar in the blood of cows, especially in various clinical conditions, including cases of hypoglycemia that are treated with sugar itself, and measuring the concentration of sugar is very important when diagnosing diseases in cows that causes high and low sugar concentrations and due to the ease of use and transportation of the device and its low price and the price of test strips ,compared with kit method, we recommend using it in cow glucose measurement  and using it in veterinary medicine.
Effect of Bio_fertilizers on Growth and Medicinal active compounds Content of Olive Transplants
Authors: Sabah Q. Hamza  , Falah H. Radi
Published: May 2023

A study was carried out in central nursery in Kut affiliated to Wasit Agriculture Directorate on 18/09/2020 to study effect of adding Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megatherium on growth, leaf mineral content and medicinal compounds of “Qaisi” olive transplants. This experiment was carried out on 81 olive transplants with homogeneous vegetative growth as much as possible. Two factors were used in experiment; first factor is addition Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria (A) with three levels: no addition (A0), addition of 30 ml.pot-1 (A30) and addition of 60 ml.pot-1 (A60) and second factor is three levels of Bacillus megatherium (P) is without addition (P0), adding 30 ml.pot-1 (P30) and adding 60 ml.pot-1 (P60).Treatments were replicated three times (three transplants in experimental unit) at factorial experiment in a RCBD. experimental results showed; adding Azotobacter chroococcum to soil at 60 ml.pot-1 (A60) significantly increased in transplant height of 5.78 cm, highest leaf area of 8.99 cm2, highest Branches number of 10.67 branches transplant-1, highest Leaves Carbohydrates content of 4.54 %, highest leaf Caffeic acid content of 14.63 mg.g-1 and highest leaf Vanillic Acid content of 16.90 mg.g-1, also results shows that adding Bacillus megatherium to soil at 60 ml.pot-1 (P60) gave highest increased in transplant height of 5.64 cm, highest leaf area of 8.84 cm2, highest Branches number of 9.78 branches transplant-1, highest Leaves Carbohydrates content content of 4.62 %, highest leaf Caffeic acid content of 15.59 mg.g-1 and highest leaf Vanillic Acid content of 17.89 mg.g-1,
EVALUATING THE WATER QUALITY OF SOME WELLS IN AL-RIFAI CITY
Authors: Hussein Khalefa Chlaib  , Reyad Shaker Badeh  , Jalal Hamed Ali  , Najm Abed Yasir  , Alaa Ibrahim Badi  , Jaber Hameed Muttair
Published: May 2023

Due to the scarcity of water resources at the present time in Thi-Qar governorate, many people and farmers resort to using groundwater and well water for all purposes to meet their daily water needs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the quality of well water and determine its suitability for different uses. Therefore, the researchers in this study dealt with evaluating some physical and chemical properties of the water of some wells located in Al-Rifai city in Thi-Qar governorate / southern Iraq during the year 2020 for the purpose of assessing the quality of well water. Water samples were collected from 9 wells at different depths, ranging between 1-7 meters. The electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity and the total dissolved salts were measured. The concentrations of some major ions in the water of these wells, represented by chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, calcium and dissolved oxygen, were also measured. Analytical methods were followed for determining chloride ions, bicarbonate, carbonate and calcium, and measuring total dissolved salts (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and the turbidity using the electrical methods. It was found that the concentration of ions in the well water for chloride ranged between (31.6 - 3.8 meq / L) and calcium (43.26 - 71.8 meq / L), while the bicarbonate values ​​ranged between (630 - 160 meq / L). The pH values ​​ranged between (7.38 - 7.5) and the EC values between (4.35 - 1.33 mmho / cm), while the values ​​of the TDS ranged between (2175 - 666 ppm) and the DO values ​​ranged between (8.85 - 7.30 ppm). The turbidity values ranged between (FTU 105 - 0.05 FTU). It was found through the study that the values ​​of some ions were high, while others were within the permissible limits, and this indicates contamination of well water in that area. It was also found that the behavior of that water was a basic behavior. All physical and chemical properties were represented in the form of contour maps to illustrate the general distribution of these values ​​in the wells of the study area.
Studying the effect of the genotypes of the prolactin gene (PRL) on the productive performance of Holstein cows
Authors: Salam Ahmed , MAUJ S. Harbeya  , ABDALLAH H. SALM
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain station in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, which is 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate. For the period from 10/15/2021 to 4/15/2021, 85 Holstein cows imported from Germany were used in this experiment, and they were selected from among 700 cows in the station, all of which are in the third production cycle. As for the laboratory part of the study, it was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Science / Dhi Qar University for the purpose of separating the genetic material (DNA), conducting polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis, and identifying genetic mutations in the studied genetic segment on the prolactin gene, The animals in the station were fed according to the season and year in terms of the availability of feed and the percentage of costs involved in raising cows, as well as depending on the general state of cow productivity. But in general, it is provided with green fodder, which includes yoghurt, barley, corn stalks, and a percentage of both dry feed (hay and hay) and concentrated feed (barley, bran and cake) according to what is available from them, as well as limestone and table salt. The data on milk production were collected from the station records, where the milk production was recorded weekly for the morning circuit and the evening circuit by the station, and the milk components were analyzed in the Abu Ghraib Dairy Company / Research and Development Division by a Milk Analyzer, and 3 ml of blood was collected from a vein The udder of each cow was given by medical syringes with a capacity of 5 ml, suitable for the size of the animal’s vein, and placed in collection tubes containing an anticoagulant substance (K2 EDTA) and transferred in a cooler box for freezing at a temperature of -18°C until the time of extraction. From the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that the mutation C83T changed the code of the amino acid histidine to the amino acid Tyrosine, which had a significant effect on the characteristics of daily and total milk production, while the mutation G168C changed the amino acid arginine to the amino acid Proline, which was significantly reflected on the traits of persistence.  In milk production, the length of the milk season and the proportion of milk protein, most of the average traits for cows in the third season of production appeared higher than the general averages compared to other studies, and most of the simple correlation coefficients between the study traits were high and significant.
Effect of using two levels of bread yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on some economic traits of Arabian dam
Authors: Husam Ali Majeed Al-Zubaedi  , Meitham K, Ali AL-Galiby
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted in the animal field of the College of Agriculture and the Marshes / University of Dhi Qar for the period from 11/6/2020 to 16/2/2021. In this experiment, (12) Arabi dairy sheep were used with their lambs ranging in age from one and a half to two years, single and close in birth. The times of their birth, and their average initial weights were (43.90, 48.50, 44.60) kg for the first, second and third treatments, and after giving the ewes a preparatory stage for two weeks, the ewes and their lambs were randomly distributed between three treatments (nutrition) equally, and each treatment was four replicates, and the ration was given to the ewes on the basis of 3% The ewes of the first treatment were fed a control ration consisting of (25% barley, 25% wheat bran, 20% crushed corn, 20% flour, 7% soybean meal and 3% salt) and the second treatment (basic ration + 3 gm yeast /head /day) and the third treatment (basic diet + 5 gm yeast /head/day) and straw was provided freely to all the mothers of the different treatments.The weights, weight increases and the amount of feed consumed were recorded. Presence Excellence moral (0.05≥P) inThe lambs weighed, and there was a moral superiority 0.05≥P) in the second week of the experiment only for the treatment (3 gm yeast / head / day) Its value was (16.47) kg compared toworth transactions, while There are no significant differences in the rate of total and daily weight gain of lambs in all treatments Experience On Although there was an arithmetic increase in favor of the treatment (5 gm yeast /head /day).
Study of some physiological , productive and microbial parameters of goat kids feed kefir milk
Authors: Salam Ahmed , Tabarek K. Al-Ghazi  , Meitham K, AL-Galiby
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted in the animal farm of the College of Agriculture and Marshes / University of Dhi Qar for the period from 6/11/2020 to 16/2/2021 to study the effect of using different levels of kefir milk on the performance of local goats kids. The study included (16) local males kids of Iraqi Local goats. And the experiment lasted 100 days. Introductory 16 day of adapt .The goats were taken after weaning at the age of 3-4 months with an average weight of (19.59 ± 2.81) kg. They were purchased from the local markets and were examined by the veterinarian to ensure their safety and free from diseases. The goats were randomly divided into four groups with four kids for each group. The feed was provided as 3% of the live body weight. The quantities of feed provided were adjusted every two weeks based on the new mean weight of each group. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four treatments
Study of progesterone level during first trimester of pregnancy in cows.
Authors: Jawad K. Taher  , Khawla A. Hussein
Published: May 2023

Measurement of progesterone is an indirect method for pregnancy diagnosis in many livestock species including cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Conception extends the life of the corpus luteum (CL) by preventing the luteolytic mechanism from being triggered, thus prolonging and maintaining its functional characteristics, ensuring continued high progesterone levels (Spencer, et.al., 1995). (Shemesh et al., 1973) proposed that the difference in peripheral plasma progesterone levels between pregnant and non pregnant cows, 19 days after insemination, can form the basis for a very early pregnancy test. (Laing and Heap 1972) first documented this in milk to diagnose cows in early pregnancy Progesterone maintains the uterine endometrium in a state which supports embryonic development, implantation, and foetoplacental development. Progesterone concentrations vary with the stage of the estrous cycle which makes it one of the most commonly studied reproductive hormones in bovine ruminants for pregnancy detection and ovarian activity (Kaneko,et.al.,1994). Studies in the bovine estrous cycle indicate that the milk or serum progesterone concentrations reach a maximum value 13-14 days after estrus, and if the animal is pregnant, these continue to remain elevated up to day 21 after fertilization (Parkinson, et al.,1994) . These high levels of progesterone in serum or milk between days 18 and 24 after insemination form the basis of establishment of pregnancy in cattle (Sasser, and  Ruder,1987; Shemesh,1973). Interferon-???? exerts its antiluteolytic effect by inhibiting the endometrial expression of oxytocin receptors, through which oxytocin stimulates pulsatile PGF2???? release (Wolf,2003). Although low progesterone concentrations at 18 to 24 days after breeding can accurately predict non pregnancy, high progesterone concentrations during this period are not the specific indicators of pregnancy due to variations among cows in duration of the estrous cycle as well as the incidence of early or late embryonic mortality. The advantages of progesterone assay for pregnancy diagnosis include noninvasive collection of milk sample and the feasibility to conduct the test on the farm using commercial cow-side milk progesterone test kits [Pennington,1985 ; Gowan,1982 ; Wimpy,et.al.,1986), though the sensitivity gets compromised to some extent with these assay kits.
Key Word:  progesterone, pregnancy, cows
Prediction of soil structure parameters dependent of physical properties at different soil management and texture
Authors: Dakhil R. Nedewi
Published: May 2023

This study was an attempt to predict the value of some soil structure parameters of MWD and WSA% as a function of soil content ( organic matter , total porosity, sand silt, clay) at different of soil management and soil texture. Six  soil samples of the depth 0-30 cm were selected from three sites that different in texture of Clay, loam and Sandy loam  in Basra Governorate (Abi Al-Khasib, Madinah and Zubair). Three samples represented the treatment of soil management (soil cultivated with alfalfa crop for 7 years respectively), and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil (bare soil) with three replicates for each sample. Soil organic matter content, total porosity , mean weight diameter,  water aggregate stability percentage and particle size distribution were  measured. The results showed that the MWD and WSA% as a function of some soil constituents( organic matter, total porosity, clay, silt and sand )  was represented by a highly  significant linear equations. The correlation coefficients were highly significant  and positive for all the studied constituent except for the sand, which it was negative.The results also showed that the change in the WSA% was greater compared   with  the MWD  value depending at the changing of soil constituents. This is reflected in the increasing ​​of the regression constants of the linear equations.The results show that the highest values ​​of soil structural parameters were in the soil management treatment (cultivated soil) and increasing of clay and silt. The variation of the effect of soil constituent on both MWD and WSA% by using the linear correlation equation, The constituent were entered as independent variables to predict these two parameters in multiple linear correlation equations for soil constituents at a probability level of 1%.As this led to a very large increase in the values ​​of the correlation coefficient, which indicates the possibility of using multiple correlation equations for the constituents of the study soil to predict the values ​​of structural parameters.
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Keywords: soil management, mean weight diameter, water stability aggregate.
Biochemical effects of induced neurotoxicity by methyl bromide in rats
Authors: Rana Abdulla Salih  , Zahraa Mohammed. Jasim
Published: May 2023

Bromide and chloride are chemically related halide elements that the kidney works with to keep the overall body halide content balanced. Also Bromide is a element that known to cause many neurotoxic and other organs toxicity such as GIT tract , respiratory tract and liver. Therefore, we aimed in the present study on the effect of bromide at daily intake doses to investigate possible neurotoxic effect and modulate its possible mechanism by measuring the oxidant and antioxidant impact in brain and Ameliorative trail of Sodium chloride .Chloride-containing diuretics, such as sodium chloride, increase bromide elimination in the urine.
Key word: neurotoxicity , methyl bromide , Rat .
Effect of cultivar, fulvic acid and the interaction between their on some physical and chemical properties and yield of broccoli Brassica oleracea var. Italica)
Authors: Batoul Hanoon Faleh Al-Zubaidi  , Walid Allawi Abbawi
Published: May 2023

The field experiment was conducted during the fall agricultural season 2021-2022 in the Department of Horticulture and Gardens, Al-Kut municipality; the experiment was completed on 15 February. 2022, to study the effect of the cultivar, fulvic acid, and their interaction on some broccoli's physical and chemical properties. The study included two factors: cultivars, MATSURI, DOMO, JASSMINE, and the second factor has four concentrations of fulvic acid, which are: (0, 1, 2, 3) ml l-1. The experiment included twelve treatments and three replications, so the total experimental units became (36). A factorial experiment was applied with a split-block system within the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D), and the results were statistically analyzed using the statistical program (GenStat). The results were compared using the LSD test at a probability level of 0.05. While the JASSMINE cultivar was superior in the wet weight of the main disc, the dry weight of the main disc, the diameter of the main disc and the weight of the side disc if the values ​​were (851.7 gm tablet-1,93.42 gm tablet-1,21.33 cm,147.25 gm tablet-1),respectively, and the MATSURI hybrid was superior in The number of side tablets reached (5.00 plant-1 tablets). The plants treated with a concentration of (3) ml L-1 of fulvic acid excelled in the content and wet weight of the main disc, dry weight of the main disc, the diameter of the main disc, the number of side discs, and the weight of the side disc Where the values ​​were (856.3 gm Tablet-1, 100.44 gm Tablet-1, 21.33 cm, 147.56 gm Tablet-1, 5.56 gm Tablet-1) respectively. The dual interaction between the cultivar and fulvic acid concentrations had a significant effect, as the interaction treatment between the cultivar JASSMINE and the concentration of fulvic acid (3) ml L-1 in the wet weight of the main disc, the dry weight of the main disc and the weight of the side disc were (990.7 gm disc-1, 124.00) gm tablet-1, 182.33 gm tablet-1)respectively.
Keywords: fulvic acid; Brassica oleracea var; broccoli
EFFECT OF ENRICHMENT BIOCHARE BY NITROGEN AND USED AS SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER ON NITROGEN AVAILABILITY AND YIELD OF OKRA (Ablemoscus esculentus L. Moench) PLANT
Authors: Mohsin Abdulhay Desher  , Zaineb Shahied Jasiem,  , Abdulamier Moaazi Mahmood
Published: May 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in agricultural research station - College of Agriculture / Garmat Ali campus during the winter season 2020 - 2021 in Silty clay soil under drip irrigation system, cultivated Okra crop Ablemoscus esculentus L. Monech, Hasnawi variety local production, to study the effect of different levels of Biochar enrichment by nitrogen and used as slow release fertilizer on nitrogen availability in soil and yield of Okra plant.
The study included an impact statement Iraqi urea fertilizer source of nitrogen (46 % N) as control and Biochar enrichment with nitrogen:
(NECB %100), (NECB %75 + N %25), (NECB %50 + N%50), (NECB %25 + N%75). Fertilizers apply as soil application when preparation soil in greenhouse before planting seeds, the results of this study showed:
 The fertilizer of Biochar enrichment with 100% nitrogen (100% NECB) significantly superior on available nitrogen in soil by 23.28 gm Kg-1 at deep distance (0 - 25) cm deep and significantly superior of particle biochar size (2 mm) with15.33 gm Kg-1  respectively compared with other treatments during plant grown season. Also same treatment (100 % NECB) were significantly superior on total yield by values 8.12 ton ha-1 compared with other treatments during last period of plant growth respectively.
* The research as a part of MSC thesis of first author.
Study of the allelic frequency of HSPA6 gene and its genotypes and their effect on some characteristics of milk production in Holstein cows
Authors: Abdullah Hamid Salem  , Ghadeer Razak Ahmed
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted at the Taj Al-Nahrain cattle station in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, which is 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate. For the period from 10/15/2021 to 10/3/2022, 49 Holstein cows imported from Germany were used in this experiment, all in the third production cycle. And the laboratory part of the study was conducted in the laboratory of the Marsh Research Center \ Dhi Qar University for the purpose of separating the genetic material from cow blood samples and conducting genetic analysis on it and extracting the possible genotypes HSPA6 heat shock protein gene. The animals in the station were fed according to the season and the year in terms of the availability of fodder and the percentage of costs involved in raising the cows, as well as on the general state of the productivity of the cows, but in general they are provided with green fodder, which includes jet, barley, corn stalks and a percentage of each of the dry fodder (hay and hay). ) and concentrate (barley, bran and cake) according to what is available from them, as well as limestone and table salt. Data on milk production were collected from the station records, where the milk production was recorded weekly for the morning and evening fenugreek by the station, and the milk components were analyzed in the Abu Dairy Company Gharib / Research and Development Division by Milk Analyzer. 3 ml of blood was collected from the udder vein of each cow by 5 ml medical syringes, suitable for the size of the animal’s vein, and placed in collection tubes containing an anticoagulant substance (K2 EDTA) and transported in a cooler box for safekeeping Freezing at -18°C until extraction time.

From the results obtained from this study, we can conclude that the mutation detected in the studied segment of the 6HSPA gene was a type of missense mutation and worked to change the code of the amino acid valine to the code of the amino acid leucine. Three genotypes were shown: GG, GT, and TT. It was found that there was a clear commonality of cows carrying the GG genotype with a rate of 88%, followed by the GT genotype with 8%, while the TT genotype got the lowest percentage and amounted to 4%, and with allelic recurrence Its value is 0.92 for the G allele and 0.08 for the T . allele

Groups of cows carrying the genotypes (GG, GT and TT) did not differ significantly among themselves in the characteristics of milk production and its components, but an arithmetic superiority between the three genotypes was observed and referred to in all the studied traits.