bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicted temperature development on protected cellular steel beam (CSB) under fire exposure
Authors: Ahmad Zakwan Fariz Aswan , Ismail Ruqayyah , Krishnamoorthy Renga Rao , Ibrahim Azmi
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the predicted temperature behaviour of the protected cellular steel beam (CSB) with circular web openings at elevated temperature through finite element simulation.

Design/methodology/approach

Temperature development along the CSB were analysed and used for parametric investigation. In addition, this research paper investigates the novelty application of various intumescent coating thicknesses covering the whole CSB to cut down the temperature development along the beam section.

Findings

From the simulation outcomes, it shows that intumescent coating has a significant effect in reducing the temperature development along the CSB section. Thicker intumescent coating contributes to a higher temperature drop at the bottom tee section than the upper tee section.

Originality/value

The use of structural CSB has gained popularity among engineers and architects. This type of beam allows serviceability ducts and pipes to pass through the main steel web section under the flooring system, thus providing larger headroom for designers. Nevertheless, in any structural steel building, it is highly risky for CSB to be exposed to fire hazard if it were triggered accidentally. To mitigate and reduce fire exposure risk which might compromise the strength and stiffness of CSB, a passive fire protection is proposed to minimise the risk. One of the common passive fire protection materials used for steel beam section is intumescent coating. Intumescent coating is by far the cheapest solution to protect CSB as compared to other passive fire protection system. Intumescent coating can absorb some portion of heat exposure which subsequently translates a lower temperature development along the CSB section.
Cutaneous fusariosis caused by Fusarium lichenicola in a child with hyper‐immunoglobulin E syndrome
Authors: Shi Minglan , Lu Sha , Li Jiahao , Cai Wenying , Zhang Jing , Ma Jianchi , Li Xiqing , Xi Liyan , Zhang Junmin
Published: December 2019

Fusariosis is the second most common mold infection after aspergillosis, and keratomycosis is the most encountered implantation infection. Here, we report a case of a 4‐year‐old Han Chinese girl presenting with an itchy mass on her right face of almost 2 years’ duration. Direct smear of the lesion sample was positive for fungal hyphae. Biopsy of the lesion showed many fungal hyphae in the epidermis and dermis. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium lichenicola by molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the TEF‐1α gene. Whole‐exome sequencing analysis using her peripheral blood revealed a heterozygous mutation in the STAT3 gene, which is related to autosomal dominant hyper‐immunoglobulin E syndrome (AD‐HIES). The lesion improved following treatment with i.v. and intralesional amphotericin B, oral voriconazole and topical luliconazole cream. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a special localized cutaneous lesion caused by Fusarium species in a child with AD‐HIES. Both cases suggest that STAT3 deficiency may increase susceptibility to fusariosis.
Water potential gradient, root conduit size and root xylem hydraulic conductivity determine the extent of hydraulic redistribution in temperate trees
Authors: Hafner Benjamin D. , Hesse Benjamin D. , Bauerle Taryn L. , Grams Thorsten E. E.
Published: December 2019

Hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water through plant roots is widely described; however its extent, especially in temperate trees, remains unclear. Here, we quantified HR of five temperate tree species. We hypothesized that both, HR within a plant and into the soil increase with higher water‐potential gradients, larger root conduit diameters and root‐xylem hydraulic conductivities as HR driving factors.

Saplings of conifer (Picea abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii), diffuse‐porous (Acer pseudoplatanus) and ring‐porous species (Castanea sativa, Quercus robur) were planted in split‐root systems, where one plant had its roots split between two pots with different water‐potential gradients (0.23–4.20 MPa). We quantified HR via deuterium labelling.

Species redistributed 0.39 ± 0.14 ml of water overnight (0.08 ± 0.01 ml/g root mass). Higher pre‐dawn water‐potential gradients, hydraulic conductivities and larger conduits significantly increased HR quantity. Hydraulic conductivity was the most important driving factor on HR amounts, within the plants (0.03 ± 0.01 ml/g) and into the soil (0.06 ± 0.01 ml/g).

Additional factors as soil‐root contact should be considered, especially when calculating water transfer into the soil. Nevertheless, trees maintaining high‐xylem hydraulic conductivity showed higher HR amounts, potentially making them valuable ‘silvicultural tools’ to improve plant water status.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Central Transfer a Curse or Blessing? Evidence from the Relative Revenue Effort of Indian States
Authors: Mohanty Avipsa , Sethi Dinabandhu , Mohanty Asit Ranjan
Published: December 2019

This paper evaluates the revenue effort of Indian states during the 13th and 14th Finance Commission periods and estimates the impact of central transfers recommended by the Finance Commission on the relative revenue effort of states. Using panel data the study finds that Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Kerala are the top five states with the greatest relative revenue effort. Further, the impact of central transfers on revenue effort was found to be negative, suggesting that greater devolution encourages laxity in the state's tax collection efficiency by providing perverse incentives.
Long‐term patient‐important outcomes after septic shock: A protocol for 1‐year follow‐up of the CLASSIC trial
Authors: Kjær Maj‐Brit N. , Meyhoff Tine S. , Madsen Martin B. , Hjortrup Peter B. , Møller Morten Hylander , Egerod Ingrid , Wetterslev Jørn , Lange Theis , Cronhjort Maria , Laake Jon H. , Jakob Stephan M. , Nalos Marek , Pettilä Ville , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Ostermann Marlies , Mouncey Paul , Cecconi Maurizio , Ferrer Ricard , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Ahlstedt Christian , Hoffmann Søren , Bestle Morten H. , Gyldensted Louise , Nebrich Lars , Russell Lene , Vang Marianne , Sølling Christoffer , Brøchner Anne C. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Perner Anders
Published: December 2019

Background

In patients with septic shock, mortality is high, and survivors experience long‐term physical, mental and social impairments. The ongoing Conservative vs Liberal Approach to fluid therapy of Septic Shock in Intensive Care (CLASSIC) trial assesses the benefits and harms of a restrictive vs standard‐care intravenous (IV) fluid therapy. The hypothesis is that IV fluid restriction improves patient‐important long‐term outcomes.

Aim

To assess the predefined patient‐important long‐term outcomes in patients randomised into the CLASSIC trial.

Methods

In this pre‐planned follow‐up study of the CLASSIC trial, we will assess all‐cause mortality, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and cognitive function 1 year after randomisation in the two intervention groups. The 1‐year mortality will be collected from electronic patient records or central national registries in most participating countries. We will contact survivors and assess EuroQol 5‐Dimension, ‐5‐Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) and EuroQol‐Visual Analogue Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5‐minute protocol score. We will analyse mortality by logistic regression and use general linear models to assess HRQoL and cognitive function.

Discussion

With this pre‐planned follow‐up study of the CLASSIC trial, we will provide patient‐important data on long‐term survival, HRQoL and cognitive function of restrictive vs standard‐care IV fluid therapy in patients with septic shock.
Impact of traumatic birth on Australian obstetricians: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Walker Andrea L. , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K. , Ellwood David A.
Published: December 2019

Background

Traumatic stress can adversely affect obstetricians’ mental health and may affect care provision. Little is known about the impact of traumatic birth on the Australasian obstetric workforce.

Aim

To assess the feasibility of conducting a binational survey of Australia and New Zealand obstetricians, trainees, and general practitioner obstetricians, to determine the prevalence of trauma exposure and associated factors.

Materials and Methods

Feasibility was assessed using a convergent mixed‐methods design. The pilot online survey assessed traumatic exposure and included the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (work subscale), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (short form). Qualitative data were generated from survey comments and telephone interviews and thematically analysed.

Results

Using various recruitment strategies, 32 participants completed the survey, and eight completed interviews. Most participants were consultant obstetricians. Nearly all (n = 31, 96.9%) had been exposed to traumatic birth(s). Three‐quarters had current symptoms of traumatic stress, one‐quarter had symptoms of work‐related burnout, but over two‐fifths reported significant post‐traumatic growth. Thematic analysis revealed perceptions that ‘obstetricians experience substantial trauma’, there is a ‘culture of blame in obstetrics’, and only ‘in some workplaces it’s supportive and safe’. Feasibility issues included the need to identify the respondent’s level of training at the time when their most traumatic birth occurred, ensure anonymity of responses, and use a different tool to assess traumatic stress symptoms.

Conclusions

Conducting a full study of this important topic appeared feasible. Standardised measures were acceptable. Revision of some questions is required. Anonymity needs to be promoted.
Application of small‐bore pigtail catheter to improve pleural drainage after single‐incision thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Hu Tianjun , Shen Haibo , Huang Hongbo
Published: December 2019

Background

In order to overcome the problems associated with the drainage of single‐incision thoracoscopic surgery, we investigated the efficiency of applying an 8‐Fr pigtail catheter in addition to the conventional 26‐Fr chest tube.

Methods

This prospective study includes 88 consecutive patients who underwent single‐incision thoracoscopic lobectomy between July 2017 and March 2018. Patients were treated either with (smaller pigtail group) or without (larger drain group) 8‐Fr pigtail catheter in addition to conventional 26‐Fr chest tube. Post‐operative recovery was assessed by analysing the post‐operative drainage volume on the first 2 days, the duration (days) of drainage, re‐intubation after 2 weeks, air leak time, length of stay, subcutaneous emphysema, pleural effusion after 2 weeks and pain score.

Results

The patients in the pigtail tube group had a significantly shorter drainage time and higher drainage volume on the first 2 days than those in the larger drain group. The percentage of patients that developed pleural effusion after 2 weeks was 4.54% in the smaller pigtail group and 25% in the larger drain group (P = 0.007). The pain score in the smaller pigtail tube group decreased significantly on the third day after surgery compared with larger drain group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the air leak time, subcutaneous emphysema, wound healing and pain score on the first day.

Conclusion

Application of 8‐Fr pigtail catheter after single‐incision thoracoscopic lobectomy for primary lung cancer can accelerate the post‐operative recovery of patients.
Current status of endoscopic surgery in Japan: The 14th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery by the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Inomata Masafumi , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Uchida Hiroki , Bandoh Toshio , Akira Shigeo , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Seki Yosuke , Eguchi Susumu , Wada Norihito , Takiguchi Shuji , Ieiri Satoshi , Endo Shunsuke , Iwazaki Masayuki , Sato Yukio , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Kitamura Kaoru , Tabata Minoru , Kanayama Hiroomi , Mimata Hiromitsu , Hasegawa Toru , Takahashi Hiroshi , Onishi Kiyoshi , Uemura Tetsuji , Hashizume Makoto , Matsumoto Sumio , Kitano Seigo , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: December 2019

In Japan, the first endoscopic surgery, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, was performed in 1990. Since then, operative procedures have been standardized, and the safety and efficacy of endoscopic surgery have been evaluated. In accordance with the social acceptance of endoscopic surgery as a less invasive type of surgery, the number of endoscopic procedures performed has increased in all surgical domains. The Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (JSES) has played an important role in the development of endoscopic surgery in Japan. Notably, a technical skills certification system for surgeons was established by the JSES to train instructors on how to teach safe endoscopic surgery. Furthermore, the JSES has conducted a national survey every two years to evaluate the status of endoscopic surgery over time. In 2017, 248 743 patients underwent endoscopic surgery in all surgical domains, such as abdominal, thoracic, mammary and thyroid gland, cardiovascular, obstetrics and gynecology, urologic, orthopedic, and plastic surgery. The 14th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery conducted by the JSES demonstrated the status of laparoscopic surgery in Japan in 2016‐2017.
Envisioning innovation: Does visionary leadership engender team innovative performance through goal alignment?
Authors: Mascareño Jesús , Rietzschel Eric , Wisse Barbara
Published: December 2019

Visionary leaders paint an image of the future with the intention to persuade others to contribute to the realization of that specific future. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that visionary leadership stimulates team creativity and innovation because visionary leadership promotes goal alignment amongst team members which, in turn, facilitates team creativity and innovation. In an experimental study (N = 50 groups), we found that goal alignment indeed mediated the relationship between visionary leadership and team creativity, but not between visionary leadership and team innovation. In a field study (N = 308 respondents) we found visionary leadership to be related to both team creativity and innovation through goal alignment. Moreover, the field study also showed that communication quality strengthened the relationship between goal alignment and team innovation. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of visionary leadership in teams where creativity and innovation are desirable team performance outcomes.
Impacts of NRF2 activation in non–small‐cell lung cancer cell lines on extracellular metabolites
Authors: Saigusa Daisuke , Motoike Ikuko N. , Saito Sakae , Zorzi Michael , Aoki Yuichi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Suzuki Mikiko , Katsuoka Fumiki , Ishii Hirofumi , Kinoshita Kengo , Motohashi Hozumi , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: December 2019

Aberrant activation of NRF2 is as a critical prognostic factor that drives the malignant progression of various cancers. Cancer cells with persistent NRF2 activation heavily rely on NRF2 activity for therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumorigenic capacity. To clarify the metabolic features of NRF2‐activated lung cancers, we conducted targeted metabolomic (T‐Met) and global metabolomic (G‐Met) analyses of non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in combination with exome and transcriptome analyses. Exome analysis of 88 cell lines (49 adenocarcinoma, 14 large cell carcinoma, 15 squamous cell carcinoma and 10 others) identified non–synonymous mutations in the KEAP1, NRF2 and CUL3 genes. Judging from the elevated expression of NRF2 target genes, these mutations are expected to result in the constitutive stabilization of NRF2. Out of the 88 cell lines, 52 NSCLC cell lines (29 adenocarcinoma, 10 large cell carcinoma, 9 squamous cell carcinoma and 4 others) were subjected to T‐Met analysis. Classification of the 52 cell lines into three groups according to the NRF2 target gene expression enabled us to draw typical metabolomic signatures induced by NRF2 activation. From the 52 cell lines, 18 NSCLC cell lines (14 adenocarcinoma, 2 large cell carcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 others) were further chosen for G‐Met and detailed transcriptome analyses. G‐Met analysis of their culture supernatants revealed novel metabolites associated with NRF2 activity, which may be potential diagnostic biomarkers of NRF2 activation. This study also provides useful information for the exploration of new metabolic nodes for selective toxicity towards NRF2‐activated NSCLC.
Analyzing the relationship between Altmetric score and literature citations in the Implantology literature
Authors: Warren Victor T. , Patel Bhumika , Boyd Carter J.
Published: December 2019

Background

The influence of research has long been studied using citations and impact factors (IFs). Electronic media is changing how people interact with the scientific literature. There are few investigations into these trends.

Purpose

To explore whether Altmetrics correlate with traditional bibliometrics in the Implantology literature.

Materials and Methods

Five Implantology journals with the highest IF and the 10 most highly‐cited articles within those journals from 2013 to 2016 were reviewed. Altmetric score, citation count, and media “mentions” were recorded. Comparisons were conducted between Altmetric score, citations, and IF by performing Pearson correlation coefficients and descriptive statistics. Twitter accounts were studied and compared to other metrics.

Results

Analysis revealed no correlation between citations and Altmetrics (r = .096,P = .506) or IF and Altmetrics (r = .111,P = .443) in 2013. Altmetrics were also not significantly correlated with citations (r = 0.148,P = .305) or IF (r = .145,P = .315) in 2016. Total Altmetric scores were nine times higher in 2016 compared to 2013, with news outlets and Twitter seeing large increases in mentions. Twitter was the top medium receiving mentions across the two cohorts.

Conclusions

Compared to other fields, Implantology articles received lower Altmetric scores, noting an area of improvement. Altmetrics at this time are insufficient to replace traditional bibliometrics, but may provide helpful real‐time information concerning article dissemination.
(−)‐Phenserine tartrate (PhenT) as a treatment for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Greig Nigel H. , Lecca Daniela , Hsueh Shih‐Chang , Nogueras‐Ortiz Carlos , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Tweedie David , Glotfelty Elliot J. , Becker Robert E. , Chiang Yung‐Hsiao , Hoffer Barry J.
Published: December 2019

Aim

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults and the elderly, and is a key contributing factor in about 30% of all injury‐associated deaths occurring within the United States of America. Albeit substantial impact has been made to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms that underpin the primary and secondary injury stages initiated by a TBI incident, this knowledge has yet to successfully translate into the development of an effective TBI pharmacological treatment. Developing consent suggests that a TBI can concomitantly trigger multiple TBI‐linked cascades that then progress in parallel and, if correct, the multifactorial nature of TBI would make the discovery of a single effective mechanism‐targeted drug unlikely.

Discussion

We review recent data indicating that the small molecular weight drug (−)‐phenserine tartrate (PhenT), originally developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), effectively inhibits a broad range of mechanisms pertinent to mild (m) and moderate (mod)TBI, which in combination underpin the ensuing cognitive and motor impairments. In cellular and animal models at clinically translatable doses, PhenT mitigated mTBI‐ and modTBI‐induced programmed neuronal cell death (PNCD), oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and effectively reversed injury‐induced gene pathways leading to chronic neurodegeneration. In addition to proving efficacious in well‐characterized animal TBI models, significantly mitigating cognitive and motor impairments, the drug also has demonstrated neuroprotective actions against ischemic stroke and the organophosphorus nerve agent and chemical weapon, soman.

Conclusion

In the light of its tolerability in AD clinical trials, PhenT is an agent that can be fast‐tracked for evaluation in not only civilian TBI, but also as a potentially protective agent in battlefield conditions where TBI and chemical weapon exposure are increasingly jointly occurring.
Evolution of antibiotic cross‐resistance and collateral sensitivity in Staphylococcus epidermidis using the mutant prevention concentration and the mutant selection window
Authors: Lozano‐Huntelman Natalie Ann , Singh Nina , Valencia Alondra , Mira Portia , Sakayan Maral , Boucher Ian , Tang Sharon , Brennan Kelley , Gianvecchio Crystal , Fitz‐Gibbon Sorel , Yeh Pamela
Published: December 2019

In bacteria, evolution of resistance to one antibiotic is frequently associated with increased resistance (cross‐resistance) or increased susceptibility (collateral sensitivity) to other antibiotics. Cross‐resistance and collateral sensitivity are typically evaluated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). However, these susceptibility changes are not well characterized with respect to the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), the antibiotic concentration that prevents a single‐step mutation from occurring. We measured the MIC and the MPC for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 14 single‐drug resistant strains against seven antibiotics. We found that the MIC and the MPC were positively correlated but that this correlation weakened if cross‐resistance did not evolve. If any type of resistance did evolve, the range of concentrations between the MIC and the MPC tended to shift right and widen. Similar patterns of cross‐resistance and collateral sensitivity were observed at the MIC and MPC levels, though more symmetry was observed at the MIC level. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed mutations in both known‐target and nontarget genes. Moving forward, examining both the MIC and the MPC may lead to better predictions of evolutionary trajectories in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.
A guide to crystal‐related and nano‐ or microparticle‐related tissue responses
Authors: Mulay Shrikant R. , Steiger Stefanie , Shi Chongxu , Anders Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2019

Crystals and nano‐ and microparticles form inside the human body from intrinsic proteins, minerals, or metabolites or enter the body as particulate matter from occupational and environmental sources. Associated tissue injuries and diseases mostly develop from cellular responses to such crystal deposits and include inflammation, cell necrosis, granuloma formation, tissue fibrosis, and stone‐related obstruction of excretory organs. But how do crystals and nano‐ and microparticles trigger these biological processes? Which pathomechanisms are identical across different particle types, sizes, and shapes? In addition, which mechanisms are specific to the atomic or molecular structure of crystals or to specific sizes or shapes? Do specific cellular or molecular mechanisms qualify as target for therapeutic interventions? Here, we provide a guide to approach this diverse and multidisciplinary research domain. We give an overview about the clinical spectrum of crystallopathies, about shared and specific pathomechanisms as a conceptual overview before digging deeper into the specialty field of interest.
Numerical assessment of the loading of rolling contact fatigue cracks close to rail surface irregularities
Authors: Andersson Robin , Kabo Elena , Ekberg Anders
Published: December 2019

Rolling contact fatigue damage of railway rails in the form of squats, characterised by local depressions and cracks located at the rail surface, has been linked to the occurrence of local rail surface irregularities. This study concerns rolling contact fatigue cracks in the vicinity of fairly smooth surface irregularities, here denoted dimples. The influence of factors such as dimple geometry, cluster effects, and crack size is evaluated. To this end, dynamic vehicle–track simulations featuring realistic wheel and rail profiles are employed to characterise the dynamic impact during a wheel passage. The contact load in the vicinity of the dimples is then mapped onto a 3D finite element model of a rail section containing a crack in the rail head. The crack loading is finally quantified by multimodal stress intensity factors. The analyses establish that also shallow dimples might have a significant impact on the crack loading. This effect is increased for larger or multiple irregularities but decreases as the crack grows.
Six steps towards operationalising freshwater ecoacoustic monitoring
Authors: Linke Simon , Gifford Toby , Desjonquères Camille
Published: December 2019

Applications in bioacoustics and its sister discipline ecoacoustics have increased exponentially over the last decade. However, despite knowledge about aquatic bioacoustics dating back to the times of Aristotle and a vast amount of background literature to draw upon, freshwater applications of ecoacoustics have been lagging to date.

In this special issue, we present nine studies that deal with underwater acoustics, plus three acoustic studies on water‐dependent birds and frogs. Topics include automatic detection of freshwater organisms by their calls, quantifying habitat change by analysing entire soundscapes, and detecting change in behaviour when organisms are exposed to noise.

We identify six major challenges and review progress through this special issue. Challenges include characterisation of sounds, accessibility of archived sounds as well as improving automated analysis methods. Study design considerations include characterisation analysis challenges of spatial and temporal variation. The final key challenge is the so far largely understudied link between ecological condition and underwater sound.

We hope that this special issue will raise awareness about underwater soundscapes as a survey tool. With a diverse array of field and analysis tools, this issue can act as a manual for future monitoring applications that will hopefully foster further advances in the field.
Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in river sounds: Disentangling micro‐ and macro‐variation in a chain of waterholes
Authors: Karaconstantis Chris , Desjonquères Camille , Gifford Toby , Linke Simon
Published: December 2019

Passive acoustic monitoring is gaining momentum as a viable alternative method to surveying freshwater ecosystems. As part of an emerging field, the spatio‐temporal replication levels of these sampling methods need to be standardised. However, in shallow waters, acoustic spatio‐temporal patchiness remains virtually unexplored.

In this paper, we specifically investigate the spatial heterogeneity in underwater sounds observed within and between waterholes of an ephemeral river at different times of the day and how it could affect sampling in passive acoustic monitoring.

We recorded in the Einasleigh River, Queensland in August 2016, using a linear transect of hydrophones mounted on frames. We recorded four times a day: at dawn, midday, dusk, and midnight. To measure different temporal and spectral attributes of the recorded sound, we investigated the mean frequency spectrum and computed acoustic indices.

Both mean frequency spectrum and index analyses revealed that the site and diel activity patterns significantly influenced the sounds recorded, even for adjacent sites with similar characteristics along a single river. We found that most of the variation was due to temporal patterns, followed by between‐site differences, while within‐site differences had limited influence.

This study demonstrates high spatio‐temporal acoustic variability in freshwater environments, linked to different species or species groups. Decisions about sampling design are vital to obtain adequate representation. This study thus emphasises the need to tailor spatio‐temporal settings of a sampling design to the aim of the study, the species and the habitat.
State of the science in reconciling top‐down and bottom‐up approaches for terrestrial CO2 budget
Authors: Kondo Masayuki , Patra Prabir K. , Sitch Stephen , Friedlingstein Pierre , Poulter Benjamin , Chevallier Frederic , Ciais Philippe , Canadell Josep G. , Bastos Ana , Lauerwald Ronny , Calle Leonardo , Ichii Kazuhito , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Haverd Vanessa , Jain Atul K. , Kato Etsushi , Kautz Markus , Law Rachel M. , Lienert Sebastian , Lombardozzi Danica , Maki Takashi , Nakamura Takashi , Peylin Philippe , Rödenbeck Christian , Zhuravlev Ruslan , Saeki Tazu , Tian Hanqin , Zhu Dan , Ziehn Tilo
Published: December 2019

Robust estimates of CO2 budget, CO2 exchanged between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere, are necessary to better understand the role of the terrestrial biosphere in mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Over the past decade, this field of research has advanced through understanding of the differences and similarities of two fundamentally different approaches: “top‐down” atmospheric inversions and “bottom‐up” biosphere models. Since the first studies were undertaken, these approaches have shown an increasing level of agreement, but disagreements in some regions still persist, in part because they do not estimate the same quantity of atmosphere–biosphere CO2 exchange. Here, we conducted a thorough comparison of CO2 budgets at multiple scales and from multiple methods to assess the current state of the science in estimating CO2 budgets. Our set of atmospheric inversions and biosphere models, which were adjusted for a consistent flux definition, showed a high level of agreement for global and hemispheric CO2 budgets in the 2000s. Regionally, improved agreement in CO2 budgets was notable for North America and Southeast Asia. However, large gaps between the two methods remained in East Asia and South America. In other regions, Europe, boreal Asia, Africa, South Asia, and Oceania, it was difficult to determine whether those regions act as a net sink or source because of the large spread in estimates from atmospheric inversions. These results highlight two research directions to improve the robustness of CO2 budgets: (a) to increase representation of processes in biosphere models that could contribute to fill the budget gaps, such as forest regrowth and forest degradation; and (b) to reduce sink–source compensation between regions (dipoles) in atmospheric inversion so that their estimates become more comparable. Advancements on both research areas will increase the level of agreement between the top‐down and bottom‐up approaches and yield more robust knowledge of regional CO2 budgets.
Extent of and factors associated with pain among older residents in nursing homes in South Korea: A nationwide survey study
Authors: Bae Sung‐Heui , Lee Seyune , Kim Hongsoo
Published: December 2019

Aim

Pain can have a critical negative impact on the quality of life of institutionalized older people. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of pain and associated factors among older people at nursing homes in Korea.

Methods

A nationwide survey was carried out on the functional status of 1444 older residents at 91 nursing homes using the interRAI Long‐Term Care Facilities instrument. The frequency, intensity, severity and consistency of pain were assessed, and data on potential attributes at the resident and facility levels were collected. Multivariate and multilevel regression analysis models were developed.

Results

More than one‐third (36.7%) of older residents had pain. Pain prevalence differed by several sociodemographic and clinical factors, including sex, depressive symptoms, cognition, or whether or not the resident was a Medical Aid beneficiary. Pain prevalence also varied according to nursing home size and location. In the multivariate, multilevel regression analyses, both having severe pain and having consistent pain were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and the pain experience was significantly lower among older residents in nursing homes that met the nursing staffing standard.

Conclusions

This is the most comprehensive study on pain assessment in long‐term care facilities in Korea using a representative sample so far. Pain is prevalent among nursing home residents in Korea. Besides individual factors, facility characteristics – in particular, meeting the staffing standard – were important to pain control, which implies there is room for improving pain assessment and management through advancing quality of care policies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 118–124.
SARC‐F combined with a simple tool for assessment of muscle abnormalities in outpatients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Nagamatsu Kensuke , Izumoto Hirofumi , Yoshino Takeaki , Adachi Tomoko , Tsuruta Miho , Aibiki Toshihiko , Okudaira Tomonari , Yamago Hiroka , Suga Yoshifumi , Iwasaki Ryuichiro , Mori Kenichiro , Miyata Hideki , Tsubouchi Eiji , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Hirooka Masashi , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro
Published: December 2019

Aim

An easily performed method for examination of muscle abnormalities is anticipated. We aimed to elucidate the clinical usefulness of simple assessments for muscle abnormality including a simple five‐item questionnaire (SARC‐F) in chronic liver disease patients.

Methods

From February to July 2019, 383 outpatients (median age 71 years, 259 men; chronic hepatitis (CH) : liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh A : liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh B : liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh C = 157:176:39:11) who underwent a computed tomography examination were enrolled. SARC‐F, previously reported cut‐off values for muscle strength decline (MSD; handgrip), pre‐muscle volume loss (pre‐MVL), calf circumference and finger‐circle test results were used, and these results were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

A high SARC‐F score (≥4) was observed in 25 patients, and a low score (<4) in 358 patients. The frequency of high SARC‐F increased significantly with progression of chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis : liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh A : liver cirrhosis Child–Pugh B/C = 2.5%:8.0%:14.0%, P=0.010). MSD frequency was 22.4% in men and 41.1% in women. Muscle volume loss and pre‐MVL were noted in 22% and 30.5%, respectively, of the male patients, and 9.7% and 32.3%, respectively, of the female patients. In cases with high SARC‐F and MSD, calf circumference and finger‐circle abnormalities were found in 56% and 40.0% of patients, respectively, whereas those values for patients with low SARC‐F and MSD were 14.5% and 10.6%, respectively (P < 0.001, for each; positive/negative predictive values: 0.560/0.855 and 0.400/0.894, respectively). Each SARC‐F item showed a good area under the curve for MSD, but not pre‐MVL.

Conclusion

SARC‐F score in combination with MSD and calf circumference or finger‐circle test results may be an easy and simple method for surveillance of chronic liver disease patients with a high risk of sarcopenia and decline of quality of life.
An open invitation to join HILJ [Journal] Club
Authors: Fricker Alan , Roper Tom
Published: December 2019

Journal clubs are an effective means to increase skills in handling evidence and support the continuing professional development of library and knowledge services workers. This editorial examines the progression of HILJ Club, an online journal club, from an idea to the launch of a dedicated platform. One article is selected per issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal with an open discussion invited following a brief summary and reflections by a host. Participation in HILJ Club is growing. Future success is reliant on wider engagement, and an invitation is extended to join in the discussions or even host an edition.
Does traumatic dental injury impact oral health‐related to quality of life of children and adolescents? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Lemos Helena Marins , Milani Ana Júlia , Guimarães Ludmila Silva , Küchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Leonardo Santos
Published: December 2019

Objective

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association of traumatic dental injury (TDI) on oral health‐related to quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents.

Methods

A focused structured question using Population (P), Exposition (E), Comparisons (C), Outcomes (O) (PECO) was designed: “Does traumatic dental injury impact OHRQoL of children and adolescents?” A broad search according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) was conducted. Evaluation criteria of methodological quality and risk of bias control were applied to selected articles. A fixed‐effect model was used for the meta‐analysis, and the quality of the evidence was performed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

Nineteen studies were qualified with moderate to high quality, and 11 studies were considered for meta‐analysis. Negative impact on OHRQoL was detected for children in the symptoms domain (P = .005; IC; −0.07 [−0.12, −0.02]) with moderate certainty of evidence quality level (GRADE). For adolescents, the total scale and all domain presented statistical significance (P < .05) with moderate certainty of evidence in the areas of functional limitation and social well‐being (GRADE).

Conclusions

Based on articles with moderate to high quality, the impact of TDI on OHRQoL in children under age 10 was only significant in the symptom domain using Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The impact of TDI on OHRQoL in early adolescents aged 11 to 14 was significant in every assessed domain using Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14). However, future studies should be done improving the available certainty of evidence considered moderate. (CRD42016035686).
Clinical validation of a delta check model in haematology automated counting improves data validation
Authors: Fu Yang , Luo Guoju , Tang Zhuoyun , Li Mengyu , Chen Si , Jiang Hong
Published: December 2019

Introduction

The delta check quality control measure has been applied in haematology testing for a long time. Although the delta check graph of haematology test had been reported by Berend Houwen in 1989, problems still exist in its clinical application. This study aims to provide a simplified and practical process for the improvement of validity in haematology testing.

Methods

We analysed a total of 5260 patients with two sequential complete blood counting results, taken in 1 week, to verify the delta check curve. The delta check equations were simulated using the sigma plot 13.0 software. Validations of test results were performed on patients from the haematology, oncology and other departments.

Results

Three equations of the delta check limits for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haemoglobin, white blood cell and platelets were simulated. The following two limitation lines were selected: limit A (ΔA) and limit B (ΔB), wherein ΔA was to simplify the review rules and ΔB to check random errors. Delta check procedures including rules and equations were established for clinical use, and the re‐inspection rate was reduced in different departments using the delta check model in clinical validation.

Conclusion

The simplified delta check limitation formulae are meaningful for data review and may help the laboratory technician optimize workflow and reduce workload.
The influence of Wilms' tumor 1 gene expression level on prognosis and risk stratification of acute promyelocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Mitrovic Mirjana , Kostic Tatjana , Virijevic Marijana , Karan‐Djurasevic Teodora , Suvajdzic Vukovic Nada , Pavlovic Sonja , Tosic Natasa
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are characterized by the highest expression of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene compared with other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia, and yet this molecular marker is almost never used for risk stratification and in therapy response monitoring.

Methods

Quantitative assessment of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene transcripts was performed using real‐time PCR method. The bone marrow samples were collected at the time of diagnosis for 47 APL patients, and for 31/47 patients during follow‐up/relapse of the disease (129 samples in total). We examined how this molecular marker can be used for prognosis and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring.

Results

Increased WT1 expression was found in 34% of patients. WT1high status was an independent unfavorable factor for early death occurrence and was associated with shorter overall survival (OS). Assessment of log reduction value of WT1 expression in paired diagnosis/complete remission samples did not reveal its impact on relapse rate, disease‐free survival, and OS. Also, measurement of WT1 expression level at different time points during therapy was not a reliable method for MRD monitoring.

Conclusion

Increased expression of WT1 gene detected in high proportion of APL patients could be considered as a marker for more precise risk stratification models in an attempt to further improve treatment and outcome of APL patients.
Re‐entrant dipole glass‐like behavior and lattice dynamics of 0.65Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3‐0.35PbTiO3
Authors: Chen Kaiyuan , Wei Fu , Jia Liu , Tianxiang Yan , Lan Zhencheng , Fang Liang , Peng Biaolin , Wang Dawei , Liu Laijun
Published: December 2019

The 0.65Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3‐0.35PbTiO3 (0.65BMT‐0.35PT) ceramic, nearby morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), between tetragonal and rhombohedral was prepared. Dielectric permittivity dependence of temperature exhibits a re‐entrance dipole glass‐like behavior near room temperature. The behavior was described by the Vogel‐Fulcher law and the new glass model. Furthermore, a phenomenological statistical model was employed to determine the distribution of clusters dependence of temperature. The lattice dynamics of the 0.65BMT‐0.35PT ceramic was estimated by Raman spectroscopy from 298‐723 K. A disruption of ferroelectric long‐range order and an occurrence of local lattice distortion were revealed. The relaxor‐ferroelectric (r‐FE) nature of the 0.65BMT‐0.35PT was characterized by polarization‐electric field P(E). A close relation between the distribution of clusters and ferroelectric properties was established.
Genome‐wide association study identifies genomic loci associated with flight reaction in cattle
Authors: Chen Qiuming , Zhang Fengwei , Qu Kaixing , Hanif Quratulain , Shen Jiafei , Jia Peng , Ning Qingqing , Zhan Jingxi , Zhang Jicai , Chen Ningbo , Chen Hong , Huang Bizhi , Lei Chuzhao
Published: December 2019

Lower flight reaction is closely related to higher production in cattle, but the genetic basis of lower flight reaction is not clearly understood. Here, we sampled a total of 45 Brahman cattles and 166 Yunling cattles with flight distance (FD), and 73 Brahman cattles and 288 Yunling cattles with crush score (CS) and flight speed (FS), whereas there were 45 Brahman cattles and 161 Yunling cattles with all three traits. The FD, CS and FS in Brahman cattle were significantly lower than those in Yunling cattle. The flight reaction traits had negative correlation with conformational traits (e.g., body weight, withers height and body length). Based on SNPs derived from a subset of 162 whole genomes (25 Brahman genomes and 100 Yunling genomes with FD, 30 Brahman and 131 Yunling genomes with CS and FS), genome‐wide association study with mixed linear model was performed to test potential associations between flight reaction traits and genomic variants. We identified five, two and two genomic loci suggestively associated with FD, CS and FS, respectively. Five out of five candidate genes for FD (LOC789753, LRP6, CTIF, SLC9A9 and ZEB1) were reported to be related to Alzheimer's disease representing cognitive impairment in human, which was consistent with the finding that cognitive‐behavioural intervention decreased the FD of cows to human. In CS, a very strong association locus was assigned to CDH8, a cadherin involved in synaptic adhesion, axon outgrowth and guidance, whose deletion was associated with autism spectrum disorder. In FS, a very strong association locus was assigned to GABRG2, a gamma‐aminobutyric acid (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain) receptor, whose polymorphisms were associated with suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients. Our findings will provide targets for molecular‐marker selection and genetic manipulation of cattle improvement to meeting the growing demand for lower flight reaction to human.
Predicting students' knowledge after playing a serious game based on learning analytics data: A case study
Authors: Alonso‐Fernández Cristina , Martínez‐Ortiz Iván , Caballero Rafael , Freire Manuel , Fernández‐Manjón Baltasar
Published: December 2019

Serious games have proven to be a powerful tool in education to engage, motivate, and help students learn. However, the change in student knowledge after playing games is usually measured with traditional (paper) prequestionnaires–postquestionnaires. We propose a combination of game learning analytics and data mining techniques to predict knowledge change based on in‐game student interactions. We have tested this approach in a case study for which we have conducted preexperiments–postexperiments with 227 students playing a previously validated serious game on first aid techniques. We collected student interaction data while students played, using a game learning analytics infrastructure and the standard data format Experience API for Serious Games. After data collection, we developed and tested prediction models to determine whether knowledge, given as posttest results, can be accurately predicted. Additionally, we compared models both with and without pretest information to determine the importance of previous knowledge when predicting postgame knowledge. The high accuracy of the obtained prediction models suggests that serious games can be used not only to teach but also to measure knowledge acquisition after playing. This will simplify serious games application for educational settings and especially in the classroom easing teachers' evaluation tasks.
Effects of tangrams on learning engagement and achievement: Case of preschool learners
Authors: Weng Cathy , Otanga Sarah , Weng Apollo , Tran Khanh Nguyen Phuong
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of physical and virtual tangrams on preschool children's learning engagement and achievement. Children listened to an e‐storybook narration and solved puzzles individually. The experimental group (N = 31) completed puzzles embedded in the e‐storybook using virtual tangrams, while the control group (N = 30) completed the same puzzles using physical tangrams on outlines drawn on a paper. Results indicated that the experimental group had significantly higher overall engagement than the control group. The experimental group had significantly higher learning achievement (time taken to complete outlines) when using virtual tangrams. It is hoped that the study will be beneficial to classrooms concerning how to use tangrams in teaching and learning and to instructional designers on how to design an e‐storybook for young readers.