bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pentoxifylline on Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Severe Sepsis
Authors: Elgendy Hanaa A. , Ibrahim Haytham M. , Hasan Bahaa Eldeen E. , Elkawe Amr Sobhy A.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Sepsis and infection are among the leading causes of death world-wide. The annual burden of sepsis in high-income countries is rising with a mortality rate of 40% and 90% of the worldwide deaths from pneumonia, meningitis or other infections occur in less developed countries. This study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline as an adjuvant therapy in septic patients and its effect on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality in septic patients.

Methods:

This randomized, double-blinded prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to November 2018, which included a total sample size of 52 cases of septic patients. Organ dysfunction was used as a primary outcome with proposed large effect size ((0.8) and alfa =0.05 and power=0.80, so, 26 cases were needed in each group). Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and pro-calcitonin, duration of hospital stay, need for hemodialysis, need for vasopressor & inotropes, need for mechanical ventilation and 28 days survival.

Results:

Fifty-two patients with sepsis were divided in 1: 1 ratio to receive pentoxifylline or not. The average age of the included patients was almost 53 years, chest disorders were the main cause of sepsis in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in terms of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, lactate level, CRP level and pro-calcitonin level. As regards secondary outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences between study’s groups in terms of length of hospital stay (p =0.707), need for hemodialysis (p =0.541), need for vasopressor & inotropes (p =0.249), need for mechanical ventilation (p =0.703), and 28 days survival (p =0.5).

Conclusion:

We concluded that pentoxifylline as an adjuvant therapy in septic patients had no significant influence on multiple organ dysfunction and mortality.
Looming of Ecological Toxinology
Authors: Liu Zhirui , Zhou You , De Lima Maria Elena , Ji Yonghua
Published: May 2020

:

Ecological and environmental management are key factors governing the sustainable
development of society. For years, persistent and severe problems have occurred in many aspects
that have greatly influenced the environment with the rise of economy and technology worldwide.
Although efforts have been made to reduce the pollutants, it remains a substantial problem to be
solved due to the lack of knowledge of ecological toxinology. In this review, we will begin with
several ecological disasters happened in past decades, originated from toxic pollutants, human activity,
venomous species and deadly virus. By exemplifying the long-lasting influence and cause of
these biological events, extensive warning and social recognition will hopefully be promoted. Furthermore,
from a more academic view, this review will also propose new thinking on some public
concerns, such as the unexpected prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), transgenic
food and beyond this. Finally, by combining the ongoing advances in techniques, ways to
make a reasonable use of these bio-toxins will be approached, which may help to balance the relationship
of environment, human life and economic development.
Medical Knowledge Graph to Enhance Fraud, Waste, and Abuse Detection on Claim Data: Model Development and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Sun Haixia , Xiao Jin , Zhu Wei , He Yilong , Zhang Sheng , Xu Xiaowei , Hou Li , Li Jiao , Ni Yuan , Xie Guotong
Published: May 2020

Background

Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) detection is a significant yet challenging problem in the health insurance industry. An essential step in FWA detection is to check whether the medication is clinically reasonable with respect to the diagnosis. Currently, human experts with sufficient medical knowledge are required to perform this task. To reduce the cost, insurance inspectors tend to build an intelligent system to detect suspicious claims with inappropriate diagnoses/medications automatically.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an automated method for making use of a medical knowledge graph to identify clinically suspected claims for FWA detection.

Methods

First, we identified the medical knowledge that is required to assess the clinical rationality of the claims. We then searched for data sources that contain information to build such knowledge. In this study, we focused on Chinese medical knowledge. Second, we constructed a medical knowledge graph using unstructured knowledge. We used a deep learning–based method to extract the entities and relationships from the knowledge sources and developed a multilevel similarity matching approach to conduct the entity linking. To guarantee the quality of the medical knowledge graph, we involved human experts to review the entity and relationships with lower confidence. These reviewed results could be used to further improve the machine-learning models. Finally, we developed the rules to identify the suspected claims by reasoning according to the medical knowledge graph.

Results

We collected 185,796 drug labels from the China Food and Drug Administration, 3390 types of disease information from medical textbooks (eg, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis), and information from 5272 examinations as the knowledge sources. The final medical knowledge graph includes 1,616,549 nodes and 5,963,444 edges. We designed three knowledge graph reasoning rules to identify three kinds of inappropriate diagnosis/medications. The experimental results showed that the medical knowledge graph helps to detect 70% of the suspected claims.

Conclusions

The medical knowledge graph–based method successfully identified suspected cases of FWA (such as fraud diagnosis, excess prescription, and irrational prescription) from the claim documents, which helped to improve the efficiency of claim processing.
Mediating Effect of Internet Addiction on the Relationship Between Individualism and Cyberbullying: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Arpaci Ibrahim , Abdeljawad Thabet , Baloğlu Mustafa , Kesici Şahin , Mahariq Ibrahim
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Among a variety of dynamics that may have effects on internet-related behaviors, cultural orientation is particularly important. Previous studies suggest that individualism is a strong determinant of certain behaviors. In addition, findings suggest that vertical individualism may lead to the development of more tolerance for addiction and aggression on the internet.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate whether vertical individualism has significant positive effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction and whether horizontal individualism has significant negative effects on cyberbullying and internet addiction. A theoretical model was specified to test the relationships among vertical versus horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.

METHODS

A total of 665 college students were selected using a convenience sampling method and willingly participated in the study. Participants’ ages ranged from 17 to 19 years (mean 17.94 years, SD 1.12 years). Of the group, 462 were women (462/665, 69.5%), and 203 were men (203/665, 30.5%). Study majors represented were mathematics (113/665, 17%), sciences (102/665, 15.3%), instructional technology (99/665, 14.9%), psychology (98/665, 14.7%), and others (253/665, 38.1%). Self-report instruments were used to measure vertical/horizontal individualism, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.

RESULTS

Results show a significant positive effect of vertical individualism (effect size 0.10) and significant negative effect of horizontal individualism (effect size –0.12) on cyberbullying. In addition, the direct effect of vertical individualism on internet addiction was significant (effect size 0.28), but the direct effect of horizontal individualism was not (effect size –0.05). Internet addiction had a significant direct effect on cyberbullying (effect size 0.39) as well as an intervening effect on the relationship between vertical individualism and cyberbullying. Results also indicate significant gender differences in cultural patterns and internet addiction.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that horizontal and vertical individualism have significant effects on internet addiction. The findings also suggest that vertical individualists are more vulnerable to internet addiction. Further, the findings indicate a significant relationship between internet addiction and cyberbullying.
Tui Na for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Juan , Brault Jeffrey S. , Jensen Mark A. , Do Alexander , Ma Qingyu , Zhou Xuan , Shen Longbin , Zhao Canghuan , Cheong Kwok Chee Philip , He Kejie , Guo Yu , Chen Zhuoming , Tang Shujie , Tang Yong , Tan Celia Ia Choo , Chen Jiaxu , Bauer Brent A.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common complex pain conditions, and it is strongly associated with high rates of disability. Even though several studies on Tui na for CNLBP have been reported, to our knowledge there has been no systematic review of the currently available publications.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tui na therapy for patients with CNLBP.

METHODS

An electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Springer, Scopus, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Clarivate Analytics, and Chinese biomedical databases (the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-fang database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases) will be conducted. Studies will be screened by two reviewers independently based on titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text reading with eligibility criteria. Randomized controlled trials involving Tui na for patients with CNLBP will be reviewed. The primary outcomes of the study are improvement of pain, analgesic medication reduction, improvement of functional disability, and degree of satisfaction with the intervention. A secondary outcome is any adverse event of Tui na intervention. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. If studies are sufficient, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness will be performed. If possible, we will evaluate publication bias using funnel plots. If substantial heterogeneity between studies is present, and there are sufficient studies, subgroup analyses will be conducted to explain the study findings.

RESULTS

The review database searches will be initiated in December 2020, with findings expected by January 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol will establish a framework of a high-quality literature synthesis on the impact of Tui na treatment in patients with CNLBP. The proposed review will determine whether Tui na is effective and safe for CNLBP patients.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42020166731; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=166731

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/20615
The effect of implementing a mobile game on improving dietary information in diabetic patients (Preprint)
Authors: Koohmareh Zahra , Karandish Majid , Hadianfard Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Nowadays digital games are not just an entertainment, but beside the routine treatments, they are being used in patient cares especially in patients with diabetes, a high prevalence disease in the world. Application of digital games in patient education could improve self-management of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a mobile game (Amoo) implementation on enhancing the dietary information in patients with type II diabetes.

METHODS

A mobile game (called Amoo), which was developed for the self-education of patient with diabetes was applied. Sixty patients with type II diabetes were participated in the study. The participants took part in a pre-intervention test to determine their dietary information. The participants were randomly divided into one of two groups including intervention group: played the game for 15 minutes daily for 6 weeks, and control group: did not involve in the game. A post-intervention test was run to show a possible improvement in dietary information.

RESULTS

The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the pre and post test scores in the intervention group (p <0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in fasting blood sugar (p = 0.625).

CONCLUSIONS

The mobile game (Amoo) could enhance the knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes about food calorie and glycemic index. This means that mobile games with educational value enhance learning process.
Public Response to a Social Media Tobacco Prevention Campaign: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Majmundar Anuja , Le NamQuyen , Moran Meghan Bridgid , Unger Jennifer B , Reuter Katja
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Prior research suggests that social media–based public health campaigns are often targeted by countercampaigns.

OBJECTIVE

Using reactance theory as the theoretical framework, this research characterizes the nature of public response to tobacco prevention messages disseminated via a social media–based campaign. We also examine whether agreement with the prevention messages is associated with comment tone and nature of the contribution to the overall discussion.

METHODS

User comments to tobacco prevention messages, posted between April 19, 2017 and July 12, 2017, were extracted from Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Two coders categorized comments in terms of tone, agreement with message, nature of contribution, mentions of government agency and regulation, promotional or spam comments, and format of comment. Chi-square analyses tested associations between agreement with the message and tone of the public response and the nature of contributions to the discussions.

RESULTS

Of the 1242 comments received (Twitter: n=1004; Facebook: n=176; Instagram: n=62), many comments used a negative tone (42.75%) and disagreed with the health messages (39.77%), while the majority made healthy contributions to the discussions (84.38%). Only 0.56% of messages mentioned government agencies, and only 0.48% of the comments were antiregulation. Comments employing a positive tone (84.13%) or making healthy contributions (69.11%) were more likely to agree with the campaign messages (P=0.01). Comments employing a negative tone (71.25%) or making toxic contributions (36.26%) generally disagreed with the messages (P=0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of user comments in response to a tobacco prevention campaign made healthy contributions. Our findings encourage the use of social media to promote dialogue about controversial health topics such as smoking. However, toxicity was characteristic of comments that disagreed with the health messages. Managing negative and toxic comments on social media is a crucial issue for social media–based tobacco prevention campaigns to consider.
COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Predicted Uptake in the Netherlands Based on a Discrete Choice Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Jonker Marcel , de Bekker-Grob Esther , Veldwijk Jorien , Goossens Lucas , Bour Sterre , Rutten-Van Mölken Maureen
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Smartphone-based contact tracing apps can contribute to reducing COVID-19 transmission rates and thereby support countries emerging from lockdowns as restrictions are gradually eased.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of our study is to determine the potential uptake of a contact tracing app in the Dutch population, depending on the characteristics of the app.

METHODS

A discrete choice experiment was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 900 Dutch respondents. Simulated maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate population average and individual-level preferences using a mixed logit model specification. Individual-level uptake probabilities were calculated based on the individual-level preference estimates and subsequently aggregated into the sample as well as subgroup-specific contact tracing app adoption rates.

RESULTS

The predicted app adoption rates ranged from 59.3% to 65.7% for the worst and best possible contact tracing app, respectively. The most realistic contact tracing app had a predicted adoption of 64.1%. The predicted adoption rates strongly varied by age group. For example, the adoption rates of the most realistic app ranged from 45.6% to 79.4% for people in the oldest and youngest age groups (ie, ≥75 years vs 15-34 years), respectively. Educational attainment, the presence of serious underlying health conditions, and the respondents’ stance on COVID-19 infection risks were also correlated with the predicted adoption rates but to a lesser extent.

CONCLUSIONS

A secure and privacy-respecting contact tracing app with the most realistic characteristics can obtain an adoption rate as high as 64% in the Netherlands. This exceeds the target uptake of 60% that has been formulated by the Dutch government. The main challenge will be to increase the uptake among older adults, who are least inclined to install and use a COVID-19 contact tracing app.
Artificial Intelligence in the Fight Against COVID-19: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Alajlani Mohannad , Alhuwail Dari , Schneider Jens , Al-Kuwari Saif , Shah Zubair , Hamdi Mounir , Househ Mowafa
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In December 2019, COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, China, leading to national and international disruptions in health care, business, education, transportation, and nearly every aspect of our daily lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been leveraged amid the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about its use for supporting public health efforts.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to explore how AI technology is being used during the COVID-19 pandemic, as reported in the literature. Thus, it is the first review that describes and summarizes features of the identified AI techniques and data sets used for their development and validation.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). We searched the most commonly used electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo) between April 10 and 12, 2020. These terms were selected based on the target intervention (ie, AI) and the target disease (ie, COVID-19). Two reviewers independently conducted study selection and data extraction. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the extracted data.

RESULTS

We considered 82 studies out of the 435 retrieved studies. The most common use of AI was diagnosing COVID-19 cases based on various indicators. AI was also employed in drug and vaccine discovery or repurposing and for assessing their safety. Further, the included studies used AI for forecasting the epidemic development of COVID-19 and predicting its potential hosts and reservoirs. Researchers used AI for patient outcome–related tasks such as assessing the severity of COVID-19, predicting mortality risk, its associated factors, and the length of hospital stay. AI was used for infodemiology to raise awareness to use water, sanitation, and hygiene. The most prominent AI technique used was convolutional neural network, followed by support vector machine.

CONCLUSIONS

The included studies showed that AI has the potential to fight against COVID-19. However, many of the proposed methods are not yet clinically accepted. Thus, the most rewarding research will be on methods promising value beyond COVID-19. More efforts are needed for developing standardized reporting protocols or guidelines for studies on AI.
Review Perhitungan Biaya Wheeling (Wheeling Cost Calculation Review)
Authors: Susilo Wijoyo Yusuf , Pramono Hadi Sasongko , Sarjiya Sarjiya
Published: May 2020

Wheeling is a solution to the complexity of transmission network constructing problem. With the wheeling concept, a power plant owner can deliver electricity to its load without having to construct a transmission network. The owner of the power plant can utilize the transmission network belonging to other entities. The wheeling concept is an interesting thing in terms of increasing current renewable energy penetration. This is due to the construction of the transmission network, which is one of the obstacles in increasing renewable energy penetration. Fairness of wheeling costs is still one important topic. The discussion regarding wheeling costs emphasizes that the costs charged to each party involved can meet the fairness principle, which is in accordance with their respective contributions to the implementation of wheeling. Broadly speaking, research related to wheeling can be grouped into research for developing wheeling cost calculation methods and research for developing wheeling cost allocation methods. The development of the wheeling cost calculation method also includes the development of cost components that can be included in the cost calculation. This study summarizes the discussion of wheeling costs on three aspects, namely calculation methods, cost components, and cost allocation mechanisms.
Rancang Bangun Filter Bandpass Mikrostrip Pita Sangat Lebar Berbasis Defected Ground Structure (Design of Ultra Wideband Microstrip Bandpass Filter Based on Defected Ground Structure)
Authors: Fitria Nurjihan Shita , Munir Achmad
Published: May 2020

Along with the rapid development of technology, many techniques have been employed to improve filter performance by using microstrip, one of them is using a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technique. The DGS is a technique implemented by combining various forms of slot on the groundplane of filter. This paper presents an ultra wideband (UWB) filter designed using DGS technique by combining two kind of slots on the groundplane, i.e., rectangular slot and rectangular ring slot. The design of composed filter is initialized using filter without DGS, then by adding two kinds of DGS on the groundplane. The DGS is used to improve S-parameter values and increase bandwidth. The method of filter design is using several parametric studies, such as changing the length of patch, width of patch, number of rectangular slot, length of rectangular slot, width of rectangular slot, and gap in rectangular ring slot. This filter is fabricated on a FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate with the thickness of 0.8 mm and the size of 27.4 mm x 22 mm. The measurement result shows that the filter could produce the working bandwidth of 4.01 GHz in the frequency range from 1.52 GHz to 5.53 GHz.
VEZA PARTIJSKE IDEOLOGIJE I JAVNE POTROŠNJE U EMPIRIJSKIM ISTRAŽIVANJIMA
Authors: Bursac Dejan
Published: May 2020

Postojeći fond naučne literature, naročito one iz oblasti političkih nauka i političke ekonomije, u relativno obimnoj meri sadrži studije koje su se bavile istraživanjem uticaja partijskih ideologija na ekonomske ishode, konkretnije – na javnu potrošnju. Geografsko-politički ovaj naučni fond može biti podeljen u dve grupe: prva se odnosi na radove autora koji su ispitivali uticaj partijske komponente na potrošnju u razvijenim demokratijama, dok se druga odnosi na nesrazmerno manji broj studija u kojima je ova korelacija dokazivana na slučajevima tzv. novih demokratija, uglavnom onih sa istoka evropskog kontinenta. Uprkos ukupno velikom broju istraživanja i brojnim dokazima u korist hipoteze, politikologija i dalje nije dala definitivan odgovor u pogledu jačine efekta koji ideologija ima na fiskalna kretanja, te se na koncu radi o još uvek aktuelnoj debati među istraživačima – iako se ona odvija sa manjim intenzitetom nego krajem dvadesetog veka.
OSOBINE LIČNOSTI I STILOVI UPRAVLJANJA
Authors: Opacic Goran , Sladojević-Matić Jelena , Zoric Aleksandar
Published: May 2020

Ranija istraživanja su pokazala da postoje slabe do umerene veze između gotovo svih osobina ličnosti lidera i njihovih stilova upravljanja. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ovi nalazi provere uz korišćenje domaćih instrumenata za merenje ova dva konstrukta. Na uzorku od 249 rukovodilaca sa svih nivoa upravljanja u sklopu procesa eksternog organizacionog savetovanja u dve organizacije primenjena su dva instrumenta: 1) HEDONCA koji meri pet faktora iz modela Velikih 5 (emocionalnu stabilnost (N), ekstraverziju (E), otvorenost (O), dobrodušnost (A), savesnost (C), i crtu poštenja (H) iz modela Velikih 6, te crtu integrisanosti (D); 2 Test liderskih stilova – TTL test koji meri tri bazična liderska stila – Transformacioni stil – TS (harizma, inspiracija, intelektualna stimulacija, razvoj potencijala), Transakcioni stil – TA (kontingentno nagrađivanje i kažnjavanje), te Lese-fer stil LF (delegiranje). Rezultati su analizirani na dva načina: kanoničkom korelacionom analizom (KK) i diskriminacionom analizom (KDF). Obe analize su dale interpretativno slične rezultate. Ispitanici sa dominantno transakcionim stilom upravljanja su stabilniji, savesniji, ekstravertniji i integrisaniji. Transformacioni lideri su dobrodušniji, pošteniji i otvoreniji za iskustvo. Rezultati su u skladu sa ranijim nalazima i teorijskim očekivanjima. Osnovni nedostatak rada je to što je istraživanje obuhvatalo samo dve organizacije, pa organizaciona kultura može imati jak uticaj na rezultate. U skladu sa tim, u budućim istraživanjima je potrebno uključiti različite organizacije sa različitom organizacionom kulturom.
FECUNDITY OF CARDISOMA CRASSUM SMITH, 1870 IN AN ESTUARY OF THE MEXICAN PACIFIC
Authors: Vargas-Téllez Irma , Vázquez-López Horacio
Published: May 2020

Fecundity in crustaceans is generally defined as the number of eggs produced by a female during
spawning season in particular and often expressed in terms of body size. Among the brachyuran
there is considerable variation in fertility. This study aimed to estimate fecundity in Cardisoma
crassum Smith, 1870 which is important mangrove ecosystem specie as it helps in the process of
degradation of organic matter produced by the mangrove forest. A total of 17 ovigerous females
were collected, with an average weight of 122.9 ± 32.54 g. The average carapace width was 60.03 ±
7.64 mm and 46.97 ± 4.6 mm in length. The ovigerous mass presented an average weight of 11.78 ±
2.9 g (fresh weight) and 1.612g ± 0.53 g (dry weight). The average number of eggs was 475457.6 ±
117316.8 and 317598.62 ± 116069.60 in fresh and dry weight, respectively. The number of eggs
accounted for C. crassum is in the range of eggs produced by other gecarcinides.
FORWARD LOOKING DISCLOSURE INDEX: KOMPARASI PREDIKSI KEBANGRUTAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Widjajanto Fransiska Natasya , Kristanto Ari Budi , Rita Maria Rio
Published: May 2020

Valid information content is a useful input for stakeholders in making a decision. This study aims to examine the differences in the Forward Looking Disclosure Index (FLDI) in companies detected in bankruptcy in 2017 by comparing previous annual reports (T-5). The population consisted of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2013 and 2017. The samples were determined using a purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 77 companies. Tests were carried out using the Altman Z-Score Modification Method to find out the number of detected companies went bankrupt in 2017. Thirty items of quantitative and qualitative FLDI were measured using the disclosure index. The results showed that there were differences in FLDI in companies detected as bankrupt in 2013 and 2017. The difference was shown by an increase in qualitative disclosures when companies were detected as bankrupt or experiencing financial difficulties. This difference is captured by stakeholders as a signal of financial difficulties experienced by companies, even further can be a warning of potential bankruptcy.
 

 

Kandungan informasi yang valid menjadi input yang bermanfaat bagi para pemangku kepentingan dalam mengambil suatu keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan Forward Looking Disclosure Index (FLDI) pada perusahaan yang terdeteksi bangkrut di tahun 2017 dengan membandingkan laporan tahunan sebelumnya (T-5). Populasi terdiri dari perusahaan-perusahaan nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2013 dan 2017. Sampel ditetapkan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 77 perusahaan. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan Metode Modifikasi Altman Z-Score untuk mengetahui jumlah perusahaan yang terdeteksi bangkrut pada tahun 2017. Sebanyak 30 item kuantitatif dan kualitatif FLDI diukur dengan menggunakan indeks pengungkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan FLDI pada perusahaan yang terdeteksi bangkrut tahun 2013 dengan 2017. Perbedaan tersebut ditunjukkan dari peningkatan pengungkapan secara kualitatif ketika perusahaan terdeteksi bangkrut atau mengalami kesulitan keuangan. Perbedaan ini ditangkap oleh para pemangku kepentingan sebagai suatu sinyal adanya kesulitan keuangan yang dialami oleh perusahaan, bahkan lebih jauh dapat menjadi peringatan potensi kebangkrutan.
Studi Penggunaan Complementary and Alternatif Medicine (CAM) pada Odha di Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi
Authors: Permatasari Jelly , Hasina Hasina , Pratama Septa
Published: May 2020

Main Treatment of HIV / AIDS Using conventional medicine, which is a combination of antiretroviral drugs, the main principle of ARV treatment is only to control the replication of the virus, it cannot kill the HIV viruses. In addition to conventional therapeutic modalities, people with HIV / AIDS (ODHA) often use Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or known as alternative and complementary medicine. The purpose of this study is to find out what are the forms and reasons for CAM in ODHA at the Kanti Sehati Sejati Foundation Jambi City. The design of this research is descriptive observational with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The subjects in this study were 88 respondents. The results showed that the average age characteristics of ODHA were in the range of late adulthood, the most sexes were male, the most recent education was High School, and the most occupations were private employees. The most commonly used form of CAM is prayer (98.86%), the reason most ODHA use CAM is that of additional therapy in treatment efforts (70.45%), information about CAM comes from friends (48.86%), some ODHA (82, 95%) felt a positive effect after using CAM, most (54.55%) obstacles of ODHA in implementing CAM were busy. This study shows that ODHA at the Kanti Sehati Sejati Foundation Jambi City have used CAM as an additional therapy in the treatment of HIV/AIDS

Pengobatan Utama Penyakit HIV/AIDS Menggunakan pengobatan konvensional yaitu kombinasi obat Antiretroviral, Prinsip utama pengobatan ARV hanya untuk mengendalikan replikasi virus, tidak dapat membunuh virus HIV. Selain modalitas terapi konvensional, orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) sering menggunakan Complementary and alternatif medicine (CAM) atau dikenal dengan pengobatan alternatif dan komplementer.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apa saja bentuk serta alasan CAM pada ODHA di Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 88 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik usia ODHA rata-rata berada dalam rentang usia dewasa akhir, jenis kelamin terbanyak yaitu laki-laki, pendidikan terakhir yaitu Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), dan pekerjaan terbanyak sebagai karyawan swasta. Bentuk CAM yang sering digunakan adalah doa (98,86%), Alasan kebanyakan ODHA menggunakan CAM yaitu sebagai terapi tambahan dalam upaya pengobatan (70,45%), informasi mengenai CAM berasal dari teman (48,86%), sebagian ODHA (82,95%) merasakan efek positif setelah menggunakan CAM, sebagian besar ( 54,55%) hambatan ODHA dalam menerapkan CAM adalah kesibukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ODHA di Yayasan Kanti Sehati Sejati Kota Jambi telah menggunakan CAM sebagai terapi tambahan dalam upaya pengobatan HIV/AIDS
THE REPRESENTATION OF ZAKIR NAIK IN “AL JAZEERA” AND “THE INDEPENDENT”
Authors: Betari Asa Wisesa , Tabiati Sri Endah , Sahiruddin Sahiruddin
Published: May 2020

This research critically examines the way Zakir Naik is represented in Al Jazeera from Qatar and the The Independent from United Kingdom. There were many kinds of accusation attacking Zakir Naik related with religious hatred speech, citizenship, and ownership of personal TV issue. Those accusations made him banned in some countries. Based on the postulates of Critical Discourse Analysis and Machin & Leeuwen’s (2007) model for other representation of social actor, this article presents an analysis of the otherness representation of Zakir Naik. Eight news articles were analyzed in order to demonstrate lexical choices that construct positive and negative-otherness representation of social actor. The findings showed that both media showed positive and negative representation in a different way. There are also underlying factors of the Multidimensional Representation of Zakir Naik from two media which shows cultural proximity and religious heterogeneity.
TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT USED IN AL-QUR’AN SURAH AL-ALAQ
Authors: Sholiha Imroatus , Sukarno Sukarno , Sukatman Sukatman
Published: May 2020

Al-Qur'an is the “Kalam Allah” that contains instructions to educate mankind to be the pious people by running off Allah commandment and avoiding all of the prohibitions. The purpose of this research was to uncover types and functions of directive speech acts that was found in Surah Al-Alaq as one of the Surah in Qur'an. The research data were in the form of verses containing the elements of directive speech acts that was collected from Surah Al-Alaq (96). The collected data were classified based on types of directive speech acts then analyzed with a content analysis approach to uncover various functions contained in each type of the speech acts. The results of this study showed that there are two types of directive speech acts: command and prohibition, both of which are delivered directly or indirectly. Accordingly, there are four kinds of directive speech acts, namely: (1) the direct command speech act; (2) the indirect command speech act; (3) the direct prohibition speech act; and (4) the indirect prohibition speech act. Furthermore, this study revealed that both the command and prohibition speech acts are contained of five functions, namely: commanding, requiring, forcing, prohibiting, and threatening. In general, all directive speech acts are found in Surah Al-Alaq contained God's intention of educating mankind to seek knowledge that is beneficial for their life in order to be closer to Allah by carrying out all the commands and avoiding every prohibitions as for to be safe in the world and the here after.
La colegiatura de la abogacía y la violencia institucional
Authors: Seleme Hugo Omar
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar que existen tres teorías políticas que pueden utilizarse para justificar la colegiatura profesional de los abogados: el corporativismo, el pluralismo y el republicanismo. La teoría política que se adopte determinará el modo de concebir las funciones que el colegio de abogados ejerce en relación con el Estado. El trabajo específicamente se concentra en mostrar que la colegiatura funciona como un límite frente a la violencia institucional, cuando el paradigma adoptado es uno de tipo republicano.
Lenguaje y derecho. Una lectura teológico-política a partir de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Hincapié-García Alexánder , Escobar-García Bibiana
Published: May 2020

El artículo presenta una lectura teológico-política de la relación entre el lenguaje y el derecho a partir de Walter Benjamin, como resultado de la investigación Los cuerpos de la excepción. Se argumenta que el derecho es el garante de la vida, pero solo como una captura que intensifica la inevitabilidad del mismo y no las condiciones para dar forma a una vida lograda. Las decisiones metodológicas corresponden a lo que Benjamin (2013 y 2015) nombra como montaje. Estas permiten, al menos, dos cosas: cuestionar los valores que promueve el liberalismo democrático en tanto que este aumenta el poder del derecho sobre la vida humana, y ensamblar distintas perspectivas analíticas de la obra de Benjamin para romper el efecto mítico del derecho sobre los hombres. La conclusión señala que han arrebatado del lenguaje sus cualidades simbólicas, metafóricas y alegóricas; de esto se sirve el derecho para aumentar la red de culpabilidad que extiende sobre la humanidad. Solo el lenguaje restaurado podrá devolver a los hombres la justicia y la capacidad de crear.
Text Mining i systematiske reviews
Authors: Jartoft Vibeke , Møller Anne Vils , Pedersen Jette Thise
Published: May 2020

Udvikling af servicemodeller og kompetencer i forhold til bibliotekernes rolle ved udarbejdelse af systematiske oversigtsartikler. Som en del af projektet har vi undersøgt, hvordan text mining kan bidrage til udarbejdelsen af systematiske forskningsoversigter, også kaldet reviews.
Nuevos registros de plantas comidas por el tapir, Tapirus bairdii (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae), en el Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica
Authors: Carvajal Jose Pablo , Marín Pablo César , Espinoza Chacón Alexander , Rohrmoser Steinvorth Franco , Pérez Pérez Christian
Published: May 2020

Informamos a Tapirus bairdii consumiendo Schefflera rodriguesiana y Gunnera insignis en el Volcán Barva, Costa Rica.
The use of mucilage extracted from Opuntia ficus indica as a microencapsulating shell
Authors: Elhleli Hanedi , Mannai Faten , Khiari Ramzi , Moussaoui Younes
Published: May 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the micro-formulation of capsules using natural biopolymers, such as cactus mucilage (CM), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMCNa) and chitosan (Chi) as the wall material, for the transport and supply of sunflower oil. CM samples were extracted from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) by precipitation at different supernatant pH values (2, 4 and 12). The extracted natural polysaccharide and the resulting microcapsules were characterized by different experimental techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the CM showed the presence of uronic acid units and sugars. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that most particles were adhered together, causing the formation of compact, linked agglomerates, which resulted in different microstructures with irregular shapes. All oil?core microcapsules were characterized, and the results showed that the different shell materials could be used to microencapsulate sunflower oil. Among them, the microcapsule crosslinked with CM and Chi was the most suitable, with the highest encapsulation efficiency (95 %). This coacervation led to the narrowest size distribution of the capsules, with diameters ranging from 1 to 5 ?m. Optical microscopy confirmed the deposition of coacervate droplets around oil drops and clearly showed that the formation of coacervated particles and their deposition onto oil droplets were successive events.
Síndrome de Prune Belly, reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Blandón Paternina Herold Jair , Díaz Jiménez Inés María , Ruiz Barrios Judith Paola
Published: May 2020

El síndrome de Prune Belly, también llamado síndrome del abdomen en ciruela pasa, es una entidad de etiología desconocida, infrecuente, se caracteriza por la tríada: deficiencia de la musculatura de la pared abdominal, malformaciones urinarias y criptorquidia. El cuadro clínico que desencadena en el recién nacido es variable, dependiendo sobre todo del grado de alteración del sistema urinario. Es más frecuente en varones, por lo que podría relacionarse al cromosoma X; sin embargo, también se han visto casos en mujeres (forma parcial). Se presenta el caso de una paciente con 20 semanas de gestación, quien acudió al servicio de urgencias para la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo,  debido a que el producto presentaba dicha patología.
Políticas educativas nos tempos actuais
Authors: Benavente Ana , Correia Sónia Vladimira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo propõe-se partilhar uma reflexão crítica sobre as políticas educativas na atualidade fundamentando tal reflexão na experiência vivida em organizações internacionais, no trabalho realizado em vários domínios da atividade académica e, evidentemente, em trabalhos de autores cujas publicações acompanhamos, com particular destaque para a nossa área de referência, a sociologia. Parece-nos ser de fundamental importância, para a análise das políticas educativas, a sua contextualização nas sociedades atuais e nas suas características. É tempo de resgatar as relações Educação (formal e não formal) e Sociedade. A transferência de centros de poder na definição de políticas educativas, entre o nível nacional e o global, com particular enfoque para o papel de organismos internacionais, os desafios da educação na atualidade e realidades desencontradas que nos interpelam, estarão no centro deste texto. Vivemos tempos incertos que nos suscitam muitas questões críticas.  Centramo-nos nas que estão ao nosso alcance e campo profissional.
La influencia de las evaluaciones internacionales sobre las políticas educativas
Authors: Sánchez Lissen Encarnación
Published: May 2020

Si miramos hacia Europa en estos momentos, podemos apreciar la gran pluralidad educativa que existe, fruto de los países que la componen. Si diversos son los sistemas escolares, diversos son también los resultados y las cifras educativas que caracterizan a cada uno de ellos. A lo largo del artículo advertimos que las evaluaciones internacionales se han convertido en una herramienta controvertible aunque, en ocasiones, eficaz y aprovechable para conocer los modelos educativos de cada país. Nos detenemos en el Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) y analizamos diversos indicadores educativos con especial mención a la equidad en Europa y, más concretamente, en los países miembros de la Unión Europea. En general, las evaluaciones a gran escala ofrecen un material excelente para conocer el estado actual de los sistemas educativos, para valorar las tendencias o para definir los nuevos desafíos. Su influencia sobre las políticas educativas es notoria.
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Plum and Cherry Plum in Bulgaria
Authors: Vasilev Pavlin , Andreev Radoslav , Kutinkova Hristina
Published: May 2020

The species complex and infestations of aphids on plum (Prunus persica) and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) in Bulgaria were investigated during the period 2013–2018. Nine species from the family Aphididae were found: Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach (leaf-curling plum aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Phorodon humuli Schrank (hop aphid), Brachycaudus prunicola Kaltenbach (brown plum aphid), Brachycaudus cardui Linnaeus (thistle aphid), Brachycaudus persicae Passerini (black peach aphid), Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Linnaeus (waterlily aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spiraea aphid) and Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky (peach trunk aphid). The dominant species on plum are Hyalopterus pruni and Brachycaudus helichrysi. The first species is more widespread and of significantly higher density. The dominant species on cherry plum are Phorodon humuli and B. helichrysi. The species Brachycaudus prunicola is widespread both on plum and cherry plum in Bulgaria. It was found only on twigs, and therefore cannot be considered as a dangerous pest on fruit-bearing plum trees. The other species, some of them described as dangerous pests on plum, are today fairly rare and occur in low density, thus posing no danger to orchards.
Analysis of Virome by High-Throughput Sequencing Revealed Multiple Infection and Intra-Virus Diversity in a Single Grapevine Plant
Authors: Glasa Miroslav , Predajňa Lukáš , Sihelská Nina , Šoltys Katarína , Ruiz-García Ana-Belén
Published: May 2020

The ribosomal-depleted total RNA from white-berry grapevine (Vitis vinifera, SK933) plant showing severe chlorosis and downrolling of leaves was used for the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis in order to unravel the potential contribution of the viral pathogens to the symptomatology observed. The combination of de novo assembly and mapping of ca. 1.1 millions of HTS reads enabled to identify and characterise a complex viral/viroid infection involving Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV), Grapevine Syrah virus-1 (GSyV-1) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). The determined nearly complete genomes of GLRaV-2 SK933 showed its high genetic divergence from previously characterised isolates. In case of GRSPaV, two variants representing different evolutionary lineages have been identified in the plant. The results further pinpoint the complexity of grapevine viral diseases and show that mixed virus infection of grapevine is rather a rule than an exception.
Analysis of Ode Models for Malaria Propagation
Authors: Dorner Fanni , Mosleh Rahele
Published: May 2020

Epidemiological models play an important role in the study of diseases. These models belong to population dynamics models and can be characterized with differential equations. In this paper we focus our attention on two epidemic models for malaria spreading, namely Ross-, and extended Ross model. As both the continous and the corresponding numerical models should preserve the basic qualitative properties of the phenomenon, we paid special attention to its examination, and proved their invariance with reference to the data set. Moreover, existence and uniqueness of equilibrium points for both models of malaria are considered. We demonstrate the theoritical results with numerical simulations.
New role model for teachers in Higher Education?
Authors: Hochrinner Hagen
Published: May 2020

The traditional university was for decades not called into question as a place for R---amp---D and higher education.

At the one hand this enabled successful independent research, at the other hand there was few need to reflect traditional structures of knowledge transfer.

The nowadays omnipresent decrease in financial resources has caused universities to compete for financial support from the business sector; additionally universities have to justify their existence for their duties in education for providing the society with academic skilled working forces. This leads to a competition between the universities and to attract applicants they have to boost the attractivity of the offered study programs. Education became a market.

The traditional methods of ex-cathedra teaching have been the standard mean of knowledge transfer for a long time. The pedagogical concepts at the tertiary level were neglected; in many institutions the teaching duties were seen more as a burden than mission.

The paper will show that the values of our great philosophers are still valid and how the new teaching approach of Dual Education can fulfill requirements of industry for young academics at the entrance to business life.

The development of dual study programs and a new pedagogical approach in teaching methods may be one mean to face the challenges for the successful education especially in the technical sciences.