bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ITINERÁRIOS DA PESQUISA PÓS-ESTRUTURALISTA EM EDUCAÇÃO [doi] 10.5216/rir.v11i2.36291
Authors: Pereira Reginaldo Santos , Dinis Nilson Fernandes
Published: December 2015

Os estudos pós-estruturalistas trazem importantes contribuições para a educação contemporânea. Neles localizamos um referencial teórico e epistemológico que problematiza as noções de sujeito, as verdades universais, os metarrelatos, as concepções de identidade, as práticas sociais e culturais, discursivas ou não discursivas, as quais estão imersas nas relações de saber e poder. O artigo objetiva analisar o papel da crítica pós-estruturalista para as pesquisas educacionais e tecer um itinerário sobre suas diretrizes metodológicas. Discute-se a ferramenta arqueogenealógica foucaultiana como diretriz orientadora das investigações no campo da educação, a qual pode subverter as prescrições e normatizações dos modelos tradicionais de construção e interpretação dos dados da pesquisa e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilita cartografar outras formas de constituição de saberes.
CONCEPÇÕES DE INTER-RELAÇÕES CIÊNCIA-TECNOLOGIA-SOCIEDADE NA TEMÁTICA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA: UM ESTUDO COM LICENCIANDOS EM FÍSICA [doi] 10.5216/rir.v11i2.38070
Authors: Ramos Tiago Clarimundo , Sobrinho Marcos Fernandes , Dos Santos Wildson Luiz Pereira
Published: December 2015

Este estudo, de cunho qualitativo interpretativo (MOREIRA, 2011), apresenta e discute uma alternativa teórico-metodológica de análise de concepções de inter-relações Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS) na temática matriz energética, em enunciações de estudantes do segundo período do curso de licenciatura em Física de uma universidade pública do sudoeste goiano. A parte empírica da pesquisa contemplou a aplicação de questionário, discussão em aula e produção de texto por parte dos sujeitos participantes. Os dados foram construídos, no segundo semestre de 2014, no campo de uma investigação mais ampla sobre práticas pedagógicas de educação CTS na formação de professores, inserida no grupo de pesquisa Educação Científica e Cidadania da Universidade de Brasília. Identificamos que embora haja certo fatalismo quanto às apostas futuras da matriz energética nacional pautada, principalmente, no petróleo e na geração hidrelétrica, há aspirações pela transição para outras fontes renováveis (como solar e eólica). Em nenhum momento constatamos algum tipo de correlação, por parte dos estudantes, entre problemática energética e atual modelo de produção e consumo de bens materiais, alimentado por determinada matriz, que se ancora na obsolescência programada e no consumismo desenfreado. Em nosso entendimento, é bastante pertinente repensar a matriz energética, no sentido de buscar fontes que sejam mais “limpas” e renováveis. Contudo, só isso não basta, pois não haveria, dentro do modelo socioeconômico vigente, recursos suficientes para atender à crescente demanda de energia degradada. Diante disso, sentimos a necessidade de mais investimentos na exploração dessa temática na formação de professores, não apenas pela carência de conhecimentos sobre diferentes fontes e seus impactos (positivos e negativos), mas principalmente para se avançar em processos formativos que viabilizem desenvolver concepções mais críticas das inter-relações CTS, no sentido de reconhecer como tudo isso se articula à busca por outro modelo de desenvolvimento que se serve de uma nova matriz e ponha em xeque o mito de “progresso infinito”.
Escravos, republicanos e imprensa política em O continente
Authors: Alves Marcio Miranda
Published: December 2015

As principais agitações políticas que ocorrem no Brasil no final do século XIX estão no centro das ações do episódio “Ismália Caré”, na trilogia O tempo e o vento, de Erico Verissimo. Em Santa Fé, as personagens participam ativamente das campanhas pela abolição dos escravos e a implantação da República. Nesse contexto, a família Cambará funda o jornal “O Democrata” para fazer propaganda de seus ideais e, somado a isso, recebe orientações da doutrina republicana pelos textos do jornal “A Federação”. Neste ensaio analisa-se a representação literária desses eventos históricos e procura-se mostrar como a leitura e a produção de jornais estão relacionadas à formação ideológica das personagens e à configuração da narrativa.
As marcas de subversão do Velho Testamento no romance Caim de José Saramago
Authors: Alves Daniel Vecchio , Roani Gerson Luiz
Published: December 2015

Considerando os aspectos críticos da Literatura Portuguesa Contemporânea, pretendemos realizar uma leitura do recente romance Caim, de José Saramago. Nesse artigo, veremos como o romance é construído de forma revisionista ao colocar em xeque o caráter sagrado, benevolente e religioso da comum leitura do mito bíblico de Caim. Numa comparação breve entre o texto religioso e o romance, abordaremos os modos como tal obra remexe com algumas lacunas e dogmas bíblicos, subvertendo certas partes do Velho Testamento.
Dou-lhe uma, dou-lhe duas e dou-lhe três. Vendido! – um estudo sobre anúncios de leilões de livros no jornal Correio Mercantil (1848-1868)
Authors: Abreu Márcia , Tognolo William
Published: December 2015

O artigo traz um estudo sobre anúncios de leilão de livros realizados no Rio de Janeiro, entre 1848 e 1868. Apresenta-se essa forma de compra e venda de  impressos,  as  estratégias  publicitárias  empregadas  pelos  pregoeiros  e  a presença de romances entre os títulos leiloados. Ademais, analisa-se o perfil socioeconômico  dos  proprietários  de  obras vendidas  em  hasta  pública  e  os principais motivos que os levaram a desfazer-se de seus livros. O propósito do texto é dar a conhecer uma forma pouco estudada de comércio livreiro, refletir sobre a posse de livros na cidade e discutir o lugar social dos romances na capital imperial em meados do século XIX.
Modos de Proximidade, em Solange es schön ist, de Magdalena Sadlon
Authors: Mathias Dionei
Published: December 2015

A  organização  do  espaço  pessoal  revela  importantes  informações  sobre  as prioridades  que  cada  indivíduo  apresenta  para  sua  narração  de  identidade. Nisso, a dinâmica de proximidade e distância configura as interações sociais. No romance Solange es schön ist, de Magdalena Sadlon o espaço concreto se dá num prédio, em que vizinhos espacialmente próximos negociam sentidos para a formação de um espaço subjetivo. Essa negociação inclui a demanda por atenção, a assunção de responsabilidade e o princípio da hostilidade, motivada pelo medo à indiferença, pela necessidade de liberdade afetiva e pessoal ou mesmo pela inabilidade de compreensão do outro.
Publicidade: a construção do éthos do enunciador
Authors: Scoparo Tania Regina Montanha Toledo , Miqueletti Eliane Aparecida , Limoli Loredana
Published: December 2015

Apresentamos  algumas  considerações  acerca  das  marcas  da  enunciação deixadas no enunciado para a construção da imagem (o éthos) do enunciador do texto, o Banco do Brasil, a partir da construção que ele faz, também, da imagem  (o  páthos)  do  seu  enunciatário,  clientes  e  possíveis  clientes  dessa empresa.  Para  tanto,  após  breve  discussão  teórica,  sobretudo  ancorada  na semiótica francesa, a análise de duas propagandas do Banco do Brasil mostrará que  páthos  e  éthos  estão  diretamente  relacionados,  pois  a  mobilização  de sensibilidades, emoções, no enunciatário, está ligada a modos de enunciar, do parecer do enunciador com vistas ao fazer-crer.
Relações dêiticas no plano da memória: algumas incursões dos sintagmas nominais demonstrativos
Authors: Santos Caio César Costa , Lima Geralda de Oliveira Santos
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho reúne contribuições que demonstram como o fenômeno da dêixis de memória pode suscitar no leitor a sensação de que o emprego de  pronomes  demonstrativos  não    relaciona  tematicamente  com  a  porção anterior  que  rompe  a  própria  continuidade  referencial.  À  medida  que o  processamento  de  uma  informação  contida  em  um  objeto-referente  é focalizado no campo demonstrativo da memória, costuma ocorrer a reativação de macrorrepresentações imediatamente. Verificamos, então, que esse tipo de dêitico, além de condensar, ao mesmo tempo, tanto a situação local instanciada, como a situação projetada, aponta para outras dimensões discursivas no próprio curso da textualidade.
Práticas e representações do trabalho com a escrita em escola do campo
Authors: Ribeiro Nilsa Brito , Souza Ana Caroline Silva
Published: December 2015

Este  trabalho  tem  como  objetivo  analisar  nos  discursos  de  professoras  de uma escola básica do campo representações que elas constroem do trabalho que desenvolvem com a escrita. A pesquisa se fundamenta em estudos que concebem as narrativas e os relatos de professores como espaços catalisadores de  autoformação  (GOODSON,  2000;  NÓVOA,  2000;  KRAMER,  2006).  Tomamos como material empírico de análise: relatos escritos pelas professoras, entrevistas realizadas com elas após a recolha dos relatos e aulas gravadas e transcritas. A análise dos dados nos leva a constatar que o trabalho com a escrita desenvolvido pelo grupo de professoras, responde a expectativas que elas têm desta  prática  no  desenvolvimento  humano.  No  entanto,  essas  expectativas não tornam explícitas as ancoragens teóricas que orientam o trabalho com a linguagem, sugerindo-nos que a formação do professor deve ser contínua e que  as  narrativas  de  vida  podem  se  constituir  em  instrumentos  valiosos  de autoformação, uma vez que a realidade da sala de aula exige ressignificação e projeções de novas aprendizagens a partir da voz do próprio professor, na relação com conhecimentos historicamente produzidos.
Representações para vítimas, familiares e poder público na tragédia da Boate Kiss sob a perspectiva sistêmico-funcional
Authors: Cruz Lucas Saldanha da , Fuzer Cristiane
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho objetiva analisar representações para atores sociais em artigos de opinião que abordam a tragédia ocorrida na boate Kiss, em Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul. O suporte teórico é a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday e Matthiessen (2004, 2014).  O corpus constitui-se de seis artigos publicados  nos  jornais  Diário  de  Santa  Maria  e  Folha  de  S.  Paulo.  Os procedimentos de análise foram: análise do contexto de situação dos textos e do sistema de transitividade. As análises evidenciaram as representações: vítimas como pessoas que deixaram de existir, familiares como pessoas que perderam um familiar e poder público como culpado pela tragédia.
Contribuições dos estudos bakhtinianos para a configuração da aula de português
Authors: Pereira Maria Nilva , Souza Ester Maria Figueiredo
Published: December 2015

Este artigo mobiliza conceitos da teoria dialógica da linguagem provenientes do Círculo Linguístico de Bakhtin, quais sejam: a “palavra”, o “enunciado”, os  “gêneros  do  discurso”,  o  “cronótopo”  e  a  “interação  verbal”.  Estes  são explicitados  concebendo  a  sala  de  aula  como  uma  instituição  social  e  a aula  como  um  gênero  discursivo,  intercalado  por  outros  gêneros. Aplicam-se tais conceitos a cenários naturais da sala de aula, na delimitação da aula de português, revelando a constituição etnográfica do processo de interação verbal e identificando os cronótopos da aula. Conclui-se que a compreensão da aula, a partir de tais concepções, auxilia na formação de professores reflexivos, capazes de analisar e transformar sua prática, tornando mais significativo para si e para os alunos o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da língua portuguesa.
A palatalização do /s/ pós-vocálico: uma análise variacionista da transferência fonológica da L1 na aquisição de inglês como L2
Authors: Lima Priscila Evangelista Morais e , Lucena Rubens Marques de
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho objetiva identificar a palatalização na produção do /S/ pós-vocálico no contexto /S/t, realizada por falantes paraibanos de inglês como L2. O estudo está fundamentado na Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]) e na Aquisição de L2 (SELINKER, 1992; ELLIS, 2003 [1994]; BAYLE, 2007). O corpus é constituído por 18 informantes paraibanos pertencentes a diferentes níveis de proficiência. O material foi analisado através do programa GOLDVARB X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). O tratamento estatístico mostrou que as seguintes variáveis: nível de proficiência na língua, tonicidade e contexto precedente foram as que se mostraram mais relevantes à realização da palatalização.
Resource-Use Efficiency of Honey Production in Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna-State, Nigeria
Authors: Olohungbebe Ahmad S. , O. Alabi Olugbenga , O. Daniel P.
Published: December 2015

This study examined resource-use efficiency of honey production in Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna, Nigeria. The primary data used for the investigation were obtained using structured questionnaires administered to 50 producers. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budget techniques, multiple regression analysis and resource-use efficiency. Multiple regression analysis used to examine factors influencing output of honey in the study area revealed that the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) of 0.59 which implies that 59% of the dependent variable in the model was explained by the independent variables included in the model. Number of bee hives was significant at (p< 0.01).Estimated resource use efficiency revealed that number of bee hives and family labours were underutilized. This study concluded that the bee farmers in the study area should be given adequate training on rudiments of beekeeping.
Feasibility of reproducible vendor independent estimation of cardiac function based on first generation speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Khamis Hanan , Shimoni Sara , Hagendorff Andreas , Smirin Nahum , Friedman Zvi , Adam Dan
Published: December 2015

Background: The clinical approval of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) as an accepted measure of myocardial strain and of LV function is hindered by the discordance of the results among the vendors. Since echocardiography images are noisy, the measured displacements are smoothed or regularized, an operation affecting the strain results. We introduce an “Error-dependent weighted speckle tracking” (EWST) algorithm that allows sensitivity analysis to the different operations affecting noise and accuracy. The aim here was to study whether by modifying the properties of the post block-matching weighted smoothing in the EWST algorithm it was possible to assess the expected inter-vendor strain differences. Methods and results: 48 echocardiographic clips generated by a software-based phantom were used as “gold standard” for validation of the EWST algorithm. Also, a cohort of 435 normal subjects and a cohort of 47 patients, scanned/re- scanned at 2 frame-rates (~70; ~35), were studied using the EWST. The results were compared to those produced by a commercial product of a leading manufacturer (STELV).  Peak global longitudinal strains [PRLS, (%)] and peak regional longitudinal strains [PRLS, (%)] were calculated and compared. Sensitivity to the region (ROI) determination was tested by shifting the apical endocardial boundary. The differences between the measured PGLS and the ground truth produced by the software-based phantom (average ± standard deviation) were 0.4% ± 0.6% and 1.0% ± 0.7% for the EWST and STELV, respectively. Normal values were calculated for 435 subjects: -18.82% ± 2.45%, -20.2% ± 5.6%, -19.62% ± 3.62%, 18.77% ± 4.31% by the EWST, and -21.24% ± 2.91%, -26.5% ± 5.0%, -21.1% ± 3.7%, -18.0% ± 3.9%, by the STELV, respectively, for the PGLS, the peak longitudinal apical, mid-ventricle and basal regions, respectively. A low bias, but significant, was found between PGLS, when calculated for the cohort of 47 patients scanned/re-scanned at 2 frame-rates: -0.80% ± 2.61% and -1.66% ± 2.66% for the EWST and STELV, respectively. When the apex location (and thus the ROI) was shifted, the bias (mm) (average ± standard deviation) relative to the default position was:  0.82 ± 1.04; 0.61 ± 0.72; -1.06 ± 0.75; and -1.87 ± 0.72, for displacement of 5 cm, 2.5 cm, -2.5 cm, and -5 cm, respectively, for the STELV. The EWST proved similarly sensitive to the shifting of the apex location. Conclusions: STE is sensitive to the characteristics and amount of smoothing, as well as to the ROI positioning. Modification of the smoothing can produce different stain results, and different distribution of the regional strains.  Thus it is preferable to use automatic determination of the ROI and methods that employ minimal smoothing or regularization.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy as a Derivate from Cosmic Photon Radiation
Authors: Zbiral Guido
Published: December 2015

For many decades now, intensive efforts have been undertaken by physicists and cosmologists around the world to investigate dark matter (DM), without noticeable success to date. This situation leads me to believe that one of the assumptions underlying the current doctrine in physics may well be erroneous or incomplete – since a breakthrough in this field of physics and cosmology would otherwise surely have already taken place by now.

For this year (2015) and the following two years, the CERN Nuclear Research Centre has set itself the task of using the LHC (now upgraded to 13 TeV) to investigate the still completely mysterious phenomenon of dark matter. The researchers at CERN favour the assumption – shared by the majority of physicists and cosmologists – that DM consists of massive non-baryonic particles (so-called WIMPs, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) hitherto completely unknown to us, which produce a non-baryonic, static gravitational field distributed throughout the entire cosmos.

I cast doubt on the above assumption that DM is massive in nature. As this paper will show, DM can be far better (and more simply) explained in terms of a non-massive gravitational derivate of those photons consumed in the expansion of cosmic space (by performing the work of expansion), those photons thereby being transformed into static physical quantities. This gravitational derivate creates a free gravitational field (decoupled from the other forces of nature) of non-baryonic, static nature, regionally varying in intensity, and this is known as dark matter.
Implementations of the Best Practices in Repayment, the Way to Improve Collections of the Due Students’ Loans in Tanzania
Authors: R. Nyahende Veronica
Published: December 2015

This study was designed to investigate the influence of the implementation of the best practices in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. The study was geared towards achieving the following objectives: (1) To assess the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the Pre college preparations in improving collections of the due students loans; (2) To examine the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the in college period in improving collections of the due students loans; (3) To investigate the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in improving collections of the due students loans.

Data were collected from parents, prospective loans beneficiaries and students’ loans beneficiaries in Dar es salaam city, in this study 5 secondary schools (Azania, Zanaki, Jangwani, Mbezi and Makongo), 5 universities (UDSM, DUCE, CBE, IFM and DIT) and 4 Organizations (HESLB, TPB, NBC and DUCE Academic staff) were visited. Data were collected from 267 respondents, 138 were from Kinondoni district, 65 from Ilala district, and 64 from Temeke. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) data analysis tool.

The study concluded that, the implementations of the best practice in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) has an influence in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. In order to address these conclusions, the study recommends that HESLB should ensure the early education to the existing models and presentation to promote value of education, in the pre college preparations, presence of students financial aid offices, entry and exit counselling sessions, in the in college period as well as making sure that beneficiaries are reminded to repay, maintenance of the regular contacts with borrowers as well as establishment of contacts with dropouts in the after college period.
Improving the Frying Stability of Peanut oil through blending with Palm kernel Oil
Authors: Okogeri Otu
Published: December 2015

The present work explores the possibility of improving the frying stability of peanut oil, by decreasing its level of unsaturation using tropical oil. Blends comprising of 35.92-46.63% oleic acid, 17.74-25.41% linoleic acid, and less than 0.01% linolenic acid were studied. The fatty acid compositions were attained by blending peanut oil (PNO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) at 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; and 60:40 ratios respectively. The blends were used to fry sliced yam and subsequently subjected to chemical analyses while the fried yam slices were subjected to sensory evaluation. Pure peanut oil was also used to fry sliced yam, and served as control. Findings from this study indicate that the blends recorded lower values of total polar compounds (7.90-14.60%) than the control (15.40%); and lower values of FFA (0.90-1.45% vs. 1.09% for the control) with the exception of the 60:40 blend which recorded FFA value of 1.45%. In terms of acceptability of taste, flavour and overall acceptability, yam slices fried in the control oil were generally preferred over those fried in blends; however among the blends, slices fried in 90:10 and 80:20 blends recorded the highest scores for overall acceptability and were preferred by the panelists more than those fried in the 70:30 and 60:40 blends. In terms of acceptability of appearance no significant difference was obtained for slices fried in the different blends. Findings from this work further suggest that peanut oil for frying purpose can be substituted with PNO/PKO blends of up to 80:20 ratio.
Evolution of genital asymmetry, exaggerated eye stalks, and extreme palpal elongation in Panjange spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard , Nuñeza Olga M.
Published: December 2015

We describe several new species of the previously monotypic Panjange lanthana species group from the Philippines and document their extraordinary morphology. Some species show strong male genital asymmetry, a phenomenon that seems to be exceedingly rare in spiders. Males of most species have eye stalks, and in two species these eye stalks are among the longest ever recorded in spiders. Some species show a tendency for male genital (pedipalp) elongation, and one species has the longest and thinnest palps ever recorded in Pholcidae. A cladistic analysis is performed including all described and several undescribed species of Panjange (except for one “problem species”), supporting the lanthana group and its close relationship with members of the possibly paraphyletic cavicola group. The following eight new species are described: Panjange malagos Huber sp. nov.; Pa. casaroro Huber sp. nov.; Pa. camiguin Huber sp. nov.; Pa. hamiguitan Huber sp. nov.; Pa. isarog Huber sp. nov.; Pa. dinagat Huber sp. nov.; Pa. marilog Huber sp. nov.; Pa. bukidnon Huber sp. nov.
Análise do tempo de reação a partir do desempenho motor de adolescentes praticantes do nado Crawl
Authors: Smidt Guilherme Ribas , Soares Ellen Dos Santos , Piovesan Ana Carla , Alpes Ana Cristina , Da Silva Marta Rodrigues , Corazza Sara Teresinha
Published: December 2015

O Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o tempo de reação simples (TRS) e de escolha (TRE) e o desempenho no nado crawl em diferentes níveis de aprendizagem. Fizeram parte deste estudo 26 sujeitos com idade média de 12.15 anos divididos em dois grupos: iniciantes (G1) e avançados (G2). Avaliou-se o tempo de reação (TR) por meio de um software e o nado crawl com o Teste de Desempenho Motor do Nado Crawl. Os resultados demonstraram diferença no TRS com média de G1 = .341s e G2 = .271s (t = ˗ 3.670; p = .001; TE= 0.60) e no TRE com média de G1= .651s e G2= . 492s (t = ˗ 4.016; p = .001; TE= 0.63), indicando que no estágio avançado os aprendizes possuem melhores tempos de resposta. Uma correlação moderada encontrou-se entre G1 (iniciante) e TRE (avançado) (r = - 0.560; p = 0.046), e G2 (avançado) e TRS (avançado) (r = - 0.685; p = 0.010). Conclui-se que o TR é importante para o sucesso na performance do nado crawl uma vez que seu aprimoramento resulta em menores gastos de tempo em indivíduos em estágio avançado.
Efeito agudo do alongamento estático sobre a força muscular dinâmica no exercício supino reto realizado em dois diferentes ângulos articulares
Authors: César Eurico Peixoto , Paula César Augusto P , Paulino Denise , Teixeira Luciana Miranda Lima , Gomes Paulo Sergio Chagas
Published: December 2015

O objetivo foi determinar os efeitos agudos do alongamento estático (AL) sobre os níveis de amplitude de movimento (ADM) da cintura escapular e sobre 10 repetições máximas (10-RM) no supino reto em dois ângulos articulares. Onze homens (28.32 ± 5.4 anos; 1.73 ± 0.1 m; 72.14 ± 15.3 kg) foram submetidos aleatoriamente à condição controle (CC) e experimental (2 séries de 30 s de AL passivos para o peitoral e tríceps). A ADM da cintura escapular no movimento de abdução horizontal do ombro foi analisada através da fotogrametria usando ferramenta de dimensão angular do CorelDRAW®. Os testes de 10-RM foram feitos no supino reto com barra livre com randomização para amplitude total e limitada a 90° de flexão do cotovelo. A confiabilidade da ADM da cintura escapular e das 10-RM nas duas amplitudes diferentes foi alta (R> 0.95). A ANOVA de duas entradas com medidas repetidas nos dois fatores com post-hoc de Bonferroni indicou uma interação significativa, com aumento da ADM (p= 0.029) após AL. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa para 10-RM e volume total em nenhuma das angulações e condições testadas. Conclui-se que volumes reduzidos de AL aumentaram significativamente a ADM sem promover prejuízo no desempenho da força dinâmica realizada em diferentes ângulos articulares.
Escala de Crenças Irracionais aplicadas a atletas: Proposta de interpretação através do Modelo de Créditos Parciais
Authors: Peixoto Evandro Morais , Nakano Tatiana Cássia , Palma Bartira Pereira
Published: December 2015

Nesta pesquisa buscou-se evidências de validade e precisão, bem como normas de interpretação da ECI frente à população de atletas brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 205 atletas com idade entre 18 e 48 anos (média ± desvio padrão = 22.44 ± 5.25; 50.7% homens), representantes das seguintes modalidades esportivas: Futsal, Basquete, Vôlei, Rugby, Natação e Atletismo, categorias Adulta (73.7%) e Juvenil (26.3%). As respostas a ECI foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos estatísticos: Análise de Componentes Principais, Análise Paralela,  análise da consistência interna. Através do Modelo Rasch-Masters Partial Credit Model avaliou-se as propriedades dos itens, índices de dificuldade e ajuste (infit e outfit) e mapa de pessoas-itens. Resultados indicaram que escala avalia o construto Crenças Irracionais através de duas dimensões: passividade diante situações ou características que não podem ser modificadas; e capacidade de resolução de situações atuais e futuras, com índices de consistência interna condizentes com os indicados pela literatura 0.76 (n=10) e 0.66 (n= 18) respectivamente, 0.80 para escala total (n= 18). Em relação aos ajustes dos itens, todos se mostraram adequados (> 0.76 < 1.21 infit) e (> 0.71 < 1.3 outfit, com exceção de um item). A análise dos mapas proporcionou aumento da compreensão das pontuações obtidas pelos participantes em cada item do instrumento, apontando a ECI como um instrumento promissor a ser utilizado entre os psicólogos do esporte.

 
A abordagem mediática sobre o desporto paralímpico: perspetivas de atletas portugueses
Authors: Marques Renato Francisco Rodrigues , Marivoet Salomé , Almeida Marco Antonio Bettine de , Gutierrez Gustavo Luis , Menezes Rafael Pombo , Nunomura Myrian
Published: December 2015

O desporto paralímpico encontra-se em processo de afirmação como fenómeno de espetacularização, tendo nos média uma ferramenta de divulgação dos seus ideais e produtos, além de via para potenciais transformações sociais relativas a pessoas com deficiência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as características e tendências da abordagem mediática ao movimento paralímpico, com base em percepções pessoais de nove atletas paralímpicos portugueses, oito homens e uma mulher, com deficiência visual ou física, todos com experiência internacional nas modalidades desportivas de boccia, natação ou atletismo. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, a análise de resultados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e a discussão dos dados com base em categorias sociológicas de Pierre Bourdieu, em particular a teoria dos campos, tem-se como principais resultados: i) a divulgação paralímpica ainda é reduzida, tanto em Portugal como em outros países, porém encontra-se em crescimento; ii) os atletas, na sua maioria, preferem a divulgação dos seus feitos desportivos em detrimento do discurso sensacionalista sobre a superação de dificuldades oriundas da condição de deficiência; iii) o desporto paralímpico é desprestigiado em relação ao olímpico. Como principais conclusões encontra-se o descontentamento dos atletas com a reduzida cobertura mediática, com o estigma supercrip e com a supremacia do futebol, tornando-se evidente a manifestação de uma vontade de ocuparem um espaço de maior relevo no campo desportivo, o que lhes conferiria maior legitimidade e possibilidade de desenvolvimento atlético-competitivo, além de ganhos financeiros e sociais.
Structural and functional characterization of a small chitin‐active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase domain of a multi‐modular chitinase from Jonesia denitrificans
Authors: Mekasha Sophanit , Forsberg Zarah , Dalhus Bjørn , Bacik John‐Paul , Choudhary Swati , Schmidt‐Dannert Claudia , Vaaje‐Kolstad Gustav , Eijsink Vincent G. H.
Published: December 2015

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) boost enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as chitin and cellulose. We have studied a chitin‐active LPMO domain (JdLPMO10A) that is considerably smaller (15.5 kDa) than all structurally characterized LPMOs so far and that is part of a modular protein containing a GH18 chitinase. The 1.55 Å resolution structure revealed deletions of interacting loops that protrude from the core β‐sandwich scaffold in larger LPMO10s. Despite these deletions, the enzyme is active on alpha‐ and beta‐chitin, and the chitin‐binding surface previously described for larger LPMOs is fully conserved. JdLPMO10A may represent a minimal scaffold needed to catalyse the powerful LPMO reaction.
Plant α‐glucan phosphatases SEX4 and LSF2 display different affinity for amylopectin and amylose
Authors: Wilkens Casper , Auger Kyle D. , Anderson Nolan T. , Meekins David A. , Raththagala Madushi , Abou Hachem Maher , Payne Christina M. , Gentry Matthew S. , Svensson Birte
Published: December 2015

The plant glucan phosphatases Starch EXcess 4 (SEX4) and Like Sex Four2 (LSF2) apply different starch binding mechanisms. SEX4 contains a carbohydrate binding module, and LSF2 has two surface binding sites (SBSs). We determined KDapp for amylopectin and amylose, and KD for β‐cyclodextrin and validated binding site mutants deploying affinity gel electrophoresis (AGE) and surface plasmon resonance. SEX4 has a higher affinity for amylopectin; LSF2 prefers amylose and β‐cyclodextrin. SEX4 has 50‐fold lower KDapp for amylopectin compared to LSF2. Molecular dynamics simulations and AGE data both support long‐distance mutual effects of binding at SBSs and the active site in LSF2.
Transducin‐like enhancer of split‐1 is expressed and functional in human macrophages
Authors: De Paoli Federica , Copin Corinne , Vanhoutte Jonathan , Derudas Bruno , Vinod Manjula , Zawadzki Christophe , Susen Sophie , Pattou François , Haulon Stéphan , Staels Bart , Eeckhoute Jérome , Chinetti‐Gbaguidi Giulia
Published: December 2015

Macrophages display heterogeneous phenotypes, including the classical M1 proinflammatory and the alternative M2 anti‐inflammatory polarization states. The transducin‐like enhancer of split‐1 (TLE1) is a transcriptional corepressor whose functions in macrophages have not been studied yet. We report that TLE1 is highly expressed in human alternative macrophages in vitro and in atherosclerotic plaques as well as in adipose tissue M1/M2 mixed macrophages. TLE1 silencing in alternative macrophages decreases the expression of the M2 markers IL‐1Ra and IL‐10, while it exacerbates TNFα and CCL3 induction by lipopolysaccharide. Hence, TLE1 is expressed in human macrophages where it has potential anti‐inflammatory and alternative phenotype promoting properties.
Detrital zircon provenance of the Paleogene syn‐rift sediments in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Shao Lei , Cao Licheng , Pang Xiong , Jiang Tao , Qiao Peijun , Zhao Meng
Published: December 2015

The early rift sedimentation history of the South China Sea is still not well understood due to restricted borehole coverage of the Paleogene strata and lack of reliable stratigraphic dating. We use detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology to explore the source‐to‐sink characteristics of syn‐rift sequences in the northern South China Sea. The results reveal significant intrabasinal provenances in addition to the well‐perceived terrigenous supply from the north. The Dongsha Uplift is considered to account for the dominance of the Early Cretaceous zircons in the Eocene samples. The Lower Oligocene sediments in the Qiongdongnan Basin could have been sourced from Hainan Island and local uplifts, but their distinction cannot be confirmed by the U‐Pb age spectra. Contemporary sediments in the northern Pearl River Mouth Basin were most likely transported from southeastern South China with well‐rounded zircon grains showing U‐Pb age similarity to those from the northeastern tributaries of the Pearl River. By contrast, intrabasinal sources from the west and east are suggested to have contributed the infill of the southern part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin based on generally euhedral zircon shapes. These sedimentary source patterns appear to change very little in the Oligocene northern South China Sea. However, the newly detected Neoproterozoic zircons in the Upper Oligocene sediments from borehole L21 tend to indicate a southern source. The episodic and diachronic nature of rifting and erosion processes in the early South China Sea is the cause of complex patterns in the Paleogene provenance history.
Detective Work
Authors: Gonzalez Julio C.
Published: December 2015

A detective is a police officer who works for a local law enforcement agency and has the responsibility of investigating criminal offenses. The responsibilities of a detective include gathering witness statements, interrogating suspects, in‐depth interviews of complainants, the preparation of prosecution reports, and courtroom testimony. This entry discusses the qualifications of detectives, interrogation tactics, investigation techniques, and warrant writing that leads to the apprehension and conviction of criminal offenders.
Crime and Punishment in
E
gypt
Authors: Abubaker Iman
Published: December 2015

Crime and punishment in Egypt have existed since the dawn of time. The laws established have changed and evolved since Ancient Egypt. Since then, Egypt has adopted various laws based upon European laws and later on some Islamic laws. How laws have evolved over time within Egypt including the recent change in some laws due to the Arab Spring is discussed, together with a brief overview of the different court systems and division of law enforcement in Egypt.
Prison History
Authors: Henderson Brandy B.
Published: December 2015

Prisons have a varied and controversial history, from their creation to the way they are run. This has become increasingly obvious within the last few decades. Within the United States, the prison population has more than quadrupled in the last 30 years. Since 1970, that rate has risen by 700%. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of December 31, 2013, the United States held approximately 1.5 million individuals in state or federal prisons. That means that almost 1 of every 100 adults is living behind bars today. Even more staggeringly, despite comprising only 5% of the world's population, these numbers mean that the United States holds roughly 25% of the world's prison population, making it the highest‐incarcerating country in the world. With these kinds of number, it is increasingly important that prisons be safe, cost effective, and rehabilitative. Unfortunately, there has been a long and colorful history of exactly the opposite.
Abas
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Abas is an unknown historian of the first century
bce
, mentioned only by the
Suda
.
Ablabius (

FGrH

708)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Ablabius (
FGrH
685) was a Late Antique writer who composed a
History of the Goths
.
Agathokles of Kyzikos (
FGrH
472)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Agathokles of Kyzikos (
FGrH
472) was a Greek historian of uncertain identification, credited with a monograph on his native Kyzikos and with
Hypomnemata
in at least seven books.
Agroitas (

FrGH

762)
Authors: Alley Dennis R.
Published: December 2015

The article concerns Agroitas, a little‐known fragmentary Greek historian who was active before the first century
bce
.
Ampurias
Authors: Ferrer Meritxell
Published: December 2015

Ampurias was a Greek
emporion
or trading post located in the northeast area of the Iberian peninsula. In the mid‐sixth century
bce
a group of people of Greek origin settled permanently in Palaia Polis, but in the second half of the sixth century
bce
, they created a new settlement known in modern times as Neapolis. This commercial settlement was integrated in Mediterranean networks and the co‐residence of people with different origins, mainly Greeks, Iberians, and Punic people.
Ascalon
Authors: Fuks Gideon
Published: December 2015

Ascalon is one of the oldest cities on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean. It was resettled, mainly by Phoenicians, in the late sixth century
bce
. During the Hellenistic period it rose to prominence, and became a Greek
polis
under the Seleucids. It was an important city of Greco‐Roman Syria, becoming a cultural center.
Attis
Authors: Roller Lynn E.
Published: December 2015

Attis was the youthful male companion of the Phrygian mother goddess Cybele, whose origins seem to lie in the Greek world; he was an especially visible figure in Rome. He was regularly depicted with a distinctive costume of long tunic, leggings, and a pointed cap. In the legendary tradition Attis castrated himself after he was driven mad by Cybele; and his priests, known as Galli, also practiced self‐castration, supposedly in imitation. Originally worshipped jointly with the Phrygian Mother, by the late empire he had acquired his own cult and festival in March.
Catalonia
Authors: Sardà Samuel
Published: December 2015

Between the eleventh and sixth centuries
bce
important social developments took place in northeastern Iberia, such as the introduction of cremation as a key funerary ritual, the emergence of protourban settlements, and increasing participation in Mediterranean‐wide Phoenician‐dominated exchange networks. Together, these changes resulted in the emergence of the so‐called Iberian culture by the middle of the sixth century
bce
.
Dance in Cult, Greece and Rome
Authors: Naerebout Frederick G.
Published: December 2015

Music and dance were omnipresent in religious ritual in the Greek and Roman worlds throughout their history. Dancing usually consisted of choral dances performed by groups of men or women, much more rarely in mixed company, to song and/or instrumental music. Its explicit purpose was to honor the gods, but it also functioned as a marker signaling the ritual nature of the occasion, as a magnet designed to draw an audience, and as a medium for communicating to that audience any kind of message. There are a number of dance traditions in ancient religious life, and they are documented in such a way that we can say something about their general nature; but there is not a single dance that we can visualize in its movement and choreography.
De Sanctis, Gaetano (1870–1957)
Authors: Kopff E. Christian
Published: December 2015

Gaetano De Sanctis (1870–1957), the most distinguished Italian ancient historian of his day, made important contributions to both Greek and Roman history. He combined critical analysis of the ancient sources with an assertion of the continuing relevance of antiquity. In 1931 he lost his professorship when he refused to swear allegiance to fascism because of his traditionalist Catholicism.
Delta, Greco‐Roman Egypt
Authors: Blouin Katherine
Published: December 2015

The Nile delta, also called Lower Egypt, owes its name to the Greek letter
delta
(Δ), which was metaphorically used by the Greeks to designate the region because of the triangular shape it takes when looked upon from the sea. The region corresponds to the northern part of Egypt, where the Nile splits into several branches. It covers the largest fertile area of Egypt and hosts what was the most densely populated and diverse city in the ancient eastern Mediterranean: Alexandria. For over five millennia, the delta has acted as a dynamic cultural, economic, and political crossroads between East Africa, the Near East, and the Mediterranean.
Damaratos
Authors: Powell Anton
Published: December 2015

Damaratos, hereditary dyarch (co‐ruler) of Sparta from ca. 515 to 491
bce
, is known chiefly for his turbulent relations with other Spartan authorities. He quarreled with his fellow king, Kleomenes I, thereby helping collapse an invasion of Athenian territory (ca. 506
bce
). Later he obstructed Kleomenes’ attempt to prevent the wealthy island of Aigina from accepting Persian overlordship (ca. 491
bce
), thereby precipitating his own exile. Protected by successive Persian kings, he joined Xerxes’ invasion of mainland Greece in 480
bce
. Had Xerxes won, Damaratos would probably have become king of Sparta again, as Persia's vassal. Our main source for Damaratos is Herodotus, who combines hostile and friendly traditions concerning him. Herodotus “quotes” Damaratos as uttering, before the Spartan defeat at Thermopylai, a now classic eulogy of Sparta's courage and obedience to law. His reported words spring almost certainly from Spartan myth‐making, which represented Thermopylai as a moral victory. The believable details about Damaratos reveal not so much Sparta’ s strength as its structural flaws.
Euboean koine
Authors: Vlachou Vicky
Published: December 2015

The term “Euboean koine” refers to the recurrence of particular classes of material culture of the Sub‐Mycenaean to Late Protogeometric and Sub‐Protogeometric periods (eleventh to the mid‐ninth centurybce) on a wide geographical area, which comprises Euboea, Skyros, Oropos, the coastal regions of Boiotia, Phokis, East Lokris, Phtiotis, Thessaly, certain Cycladic islands, and the North Sporades, mainly Skiathos (Kefala). Lefkandi in Euboea forms the center of the koine and provides the best documented material sequence for the period in question. After the decline of Lefkandi, the growing involvement of Euboeans in the North Aegean, in the Cyclades, and in the western and eastern Mediterranean appears to have reached its climax by 700bce.
Flowers in cult, Rome
Authors: Neudecker Richard
Published: December 2015

Flowers were a common feature of Roman ritual activity; they were used either to enhance the ceremonies or as gifts to the gods, but they did not have a central role. Almost always bound to garlands or wreaths, they adorned objects, images of gods, or the participants.
Fortuna
Authors: Grillo Luca
Published: December 2015

Fortuna
(good and bad luck, chance, and hazard) is a powerful force accounting for events that are unpredictable and cannot be explained rationally. Romans traced their cult of Fortuna back to Servius Tullius, and worshipped her as a goddess, dedicating to her temples, altars, and sanctuaries and portraying her with attributes that illustrated both her generosity and her capriciousness.
Heracleon
Authors: Reaves Pamela Mullins
Published: December 2015

An early Christian writer, active during the late second century
ce
, Heracleon produced one of the earliest‐known gospel commentaries. Fragments of his writing survive, primarily through Origen's later
Commentary on John
. Heracleon is also associated with the early Christian teacher Valentinus and emerging Christianity in both Alexandria and Rome.
Lictores
Authors: Nice Alex
Published: December 2015

The
lictores
, an office said to have been inherited from the Etruscans, were Roman public functionaries who accompanied certain officials and priests, carrying the
fasces
. They performed an important practical and symbolical role at Rome and in the provinces, as representatives of magisterial and priestly
imperium
and
auctoritas
.
Livius Andronicus
Authors: Manuwald Gesine
Published: December 2015

Livius Andronicus (ca. 280/70–ca. 200bce) is regarded as Rome's first poet, a pioneer who introduced the literary genres of epic, tragedy, and comedy in Latin to Rome. By transposing works of these genres from Greek into Latin he provided the foundations for the development of a literature in Latin. Despite this achievement, his writings were later regarded as unsophisticated; this may be one reason why they only survive in fragments.
Ludi
Authors: Sumi Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2015

Ludi, public games, produced in Rome as part of a religious festival, provided entertainment for the Roman people in the circus or in the theater (chariot racing and stage performances). Although the precise origins of such games are uncertain, the games themselves were a necessary part of Roman political culture even when that culture changed from Republic to monarchy: they allowed a space for the interaction between rulers and the ruled. By the same token, the Roman people used these games to express its collective will. In Roman societyludistood on the boundary between civic unity and social disorder.
Lykaion, Mount
Authors: Vlachou Vicky
Published: December 2015

Mount Lykaion (ancient Greek:
Lykaion oros
), in the region of Megalopolis in southwestern Arcadia, was considered one of the birthplaces of Zeus. The site was famous as a pan‐Arcadian and Panhellenic sanctuary with sacrifices and athletic contests in honor of Zeus. A peak
temenos
(sacred piece of land) dedicated to the cult of Zeus Lykaios was used from the Mycenaean to the Hellenistic period.
Maryanni
Authors: von Dassow Eva
Published: December 2015

The Hurrian word
maryanni
was used to denote the noble class that was created during the Late Bronze Age in the Levant and upper Mesopotamia. The word was formed in Hurrian by adding the suffix ‐
nni
to the Indo‐Aryan word
márya
, “(young) man.” The class was composed of members of high‐status families. Local kings could confer
maryanni
status, and this may have been the principal mechanism for forming the class; it was not a caste defined by descent, nor was it an occupational group with a military specialization. The most distinctive feature of the new nobility was the privilege of fighting from chariots, hence the term
maryanni
acquired the connotation “chariot warrior.”