bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPEK HUKUM HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL TERKAIT AKSI MOGOK KERJA OLEH SERIKAT PEKERJA DI PT. ULTRAJAYA MILK INDUSTRY & TRADING COMPANY
Authors: Nugraha Ellyna Putri , Singadimedja Hollyness
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKKondisi hubungan industrial ideal mempunyai beberapa faktor pendukung salah satunya komunikasi yang baik antar para pelaku seperti pemberi kerja, pekerja juga pemerintah agar terhindar dari hal – hal yang tidak diinginkan seperti aksi mogok kerja. Tujuannya untuk membangun dan memupuk hubungan industrial yang kondusif, harmonis, dan berkeadilan di lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan. Masalah pertama yaitu bagaimana aspek hukum hubungan industrial dalam penyelesaian sengketa terkait aksi mogok kerja di Indonesia, kedua bagaimana penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial antara PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company dengan PUK SP RTMM-SPSI (Pimpinan Unit Kerja “Serikat Pekerja” Rokok Tembakau Makanan dan Minuman Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia) PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company. Akibat tindakan pekerja melakukan mogok kerja tidak sah, Peradilan memutuskan Serikat Pekerja dan Pengurus Serikat Pekerja telah melakukan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dan PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company tidak mendapatkan pertanggungjawaban ganti kerugian sebesar kurang lebih Sembilan belas miliyar seperti yang dimintakan dalam gugatannya. Kata Kunci: hubungan industrial; sengketa hubungan industrial; mogok kerja.ABSTRACTThe ideal industrial relations condition has several supporting factors, one of which is good communication between actors such as employers, workers and the government in order to avoid unwanted things such as strikes. The goal is to build and foster industrial relations that are conducive, harmonious and just in the work environment. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive research specifications, namely describing the applicable laws and regulations associated with legal theories and positive law enforcement practices concerning the problem. The first problem, namely how the legal aspects of industrial relations in resolving disputes related to strike action in Indonesia, second, how to resolve industrial relations disputes between PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company with PUK SP RTMM-SPSI (Head of Work Unit "Worker Union" Tobacco, Food and Beverage, All Indonesian Workers Union) PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company. As a result of the workers' actions in carrying out illegal strikes, the court decided that the workers' union and workers' union officials had committed illegal acts and PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Company is not liable for compensation of approximately nineteen billion as requested in the lawsuit.Keywords: industrial relations; industrial relations dispute settlement; strike.
Reprodutibilidade em ciência da religião
Authors: Stern Fábio L. , Kuhnen Jailton
Published: May 2021

Este artigo descritivo-prepositivo apresenta considerações sobre reprodutibilidade e falseabilidade na ciência da religião. O texto foi dividido em duas partes, apresentando inicialmente as definições de reprodutibilidade e falseabilidade nas ciências, e como isso é operacionalizado entre saberes científicos e pseudocientíficos. Na segunda parte, discutiu-se a questão da reprodutibilidade dentro da ciência da religião, apresentando propostas metodológicas de como assegurar o pressuposto de falseabilidade em produções de cientistas da religião.
Synthesis of peroxy oligomers on the basis of epoxy compounds in presence of tert-butylperoxymethanol
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael , Shyshchak Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Bratychak Michajlo ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

We have studied the possibility of peroxy oligomers synthesis by chemical modification of epoxy resins with tert-butylperoxymethanol or diepoxy compounds telomerization with glycols in the presence of trifluorine boron using tert-butylperoxymethanol as telogen. The reaction conditions have been determined and synthesis procedures have been developed. The structures of synthesized products were proved by chemical, IR- and PMR-spectroscopic investigations.
Cadmium electrochemical reduction in CdCl2 solutions in dimethylsulfoxide and morphology of cathode deposit
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Kuntyi Orest , Bilan Oleg ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Yavorskyi Viktor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Okhremchuk Yevhen ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Cadmium reduction in solutions at steady-state and pulse electrolysis has been studied. It was established that polarization results in cadmium formation at potentials 1 V larger than equilibrium one. In 0.25-1.0 molar solutions of CdCl2 concentrated depolarization leads to removement of the beginning of cadmium reduction by 0.3 V. Photographs of SEM are presented and effect of electrolysis characteristics on the morphology of cathode deposit is shown.
FEATURES‌ ‌OF‌ ‌INFTAINMENT‌ ‌PENETRATION‌ ‌INTO‌ ‌THE‌ ‌NEWS‌ ‌ JOURNALISM‌ ‌OF‌ ‌TV‌ ‌CHANNELS‌ ‌:‌ ‌«1+1»,‌ ‌«STB»,‌ ‌«ICTV»‌ ‌
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Putsіata Iryna
Published: May 2021

The article describes the peculiarities of infotainment penetration into news journalism of TV channels: «1+1», «STB», «ICTV» (on the example of programs: «TSN», «Vikna-nowyny», «Facty. Informaciynyi vypusk»). Infotainment as a multifaceted means of filling the television air, a multifunctional aspect of mass and interpersonal communication is considered. Efficiency is achieved by working on certain schemes, as shown in this paper. The author draws attention to the fact that in Ukraine the active introduction of the infotainment method on television began after the collapse of the Soviet Union. During the economic crisis, the media faced financial difficulties and needed large advertisers, so to attract audiences, TV editors began to provide political and social information through the entertainment aspect, following the example of Western colleagues. The reasons and peculiarities of the infotainment genre in Ukrainian TV news are determined, the ways of presenting information on specific TV channels are analyzed, the role of a journalist and presenter in news broadcasting is revealed. In the process of analyzing issues of programs «TSN», «Vikna-nowyny», «Facty. Informaciynyi vypusk» it was found out that in their work correspondents from all creative «tools «of infotainment most often use structural and compositional techniques: visual design, elements of artistic montage, lives. Common techniques in news broadcasting are also: «journalist as an actor» and «topic as the core of content», meaningful components. Correspondents and presenters often use language play, emotionality and irony in the stories, thanks to which it is easy to present information, a person understands well what the presenter is talking about. One way to achieve the availability and attractiveness of information is a language game. Its essence is the transformation of stable phrases, proverbs, aphorisms etc. Currently, Ukrainian infotainment in news and information programs on domestic television is in its infancy. Its distribution in the TV content of all-Ukrainian channels promotes the development of the media themselves, because interesting news attracts advertisers, so, in our opinion, this genre is the future.
MUSICAL CONTENT AS A MEDIA TEXT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Haladzhun Zoryana , Kondrashov Oleksandr ,   Faculty of Education and Socail Work Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC Canada
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the chosen subject area is determined primarily by the complexity of structural, semantic and communicative organization of the media text phenomenon due to its sign character, plurality of sign systems, correlation of the author and his audience in terms of understanding and decoding textual information, lying in the planes of different approaches to defining the media text concept as well as its analysis. From the viewpoint of modern semiotics, each sign holds a special meaning, is used to store and transmit information, functions in a sign situation, interacts with other elements of the sign system, has clearly defined boundaries, which allows it to be separated from other signs, while musical content is a system of signs expressed by notes that reflect the pitch and duration of the sound, where the note (from Latin, nota, «sign») is a conventional graphic sign, located on the note state and indicating the pitch and relative duration of any sound (in some cases it is also a playback method). Musical semiotics emerged later than other areas of semiotics. The researchers are still debating whether music is a means of transmitting, storing and processing information. Nowadays, musical content as a media text constitutes an integral part of the sound space, in which the role of music does not fundamentally change, as it continues to fulfill a specific function of conveying artistic information that can be emotionally and intellectually consumed, processed and compiled by using modern media technology. Although any media text has a clear focus on the given audience and the specific result, which leaves no room for perception options, it still induces changes in the individual worldview precisely because of the impact on the recipient’s emotions. The only peculiarity of the sound of musical content in the media is that it usually ceases to look like an integral work, and often has a quotation form to influence the viewer or listener as much as possible, in order to form a positive/negative perception of visual/audio object. The variety of modern media makes it possible to broadcast autonomous music (integral, complete musical works, primacy) and applied (discrete, secondary, compiled and subordinate to the text), which carries artistic information, models behavior and influences emotions.
RUBRICS AND FEATURES OF INFORMATION PRESENTATION IN THE INTERNET MEDIA “UKRAINSKYI TYZHDEN’”
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kazimova Juliana
Published: May 2021

The article describes the features of the selection of headings in the internet media of the “Ukrainskyi tyzhden’”. Today, for modern journalists, the issue of not only the diversity of rubrics in internet publications, but also the compliance of rubrics with the needs of readers is relevant. To do this, the article analyzes which rubrics journalists prefer in the first place. What names of headings do they choose. How they prepare materials for a specific heading. Some journalists like to repeat the names of columns, like to take these names from other media. But it is not right to do like this. Each media must be unique. It doesn’t mean that journalists can not cover the same information. Of course, the information will always be the same, because all the media write about the same things, according to events. But no matter which information, because the main is how it is presented. First of all, it should be the most important information that people need. This should not be plagiarism from another publication. This must be a unique presentation of the material not in a short form. The material should be presented clearly and distinctly, at the same time, interestingly. Every journalist must remember that important skills that a modern journalist should possess are first and foremost literary ability, language and style of the author, the ability to express their thoughts and reveal the position of another, the ability to accurately and vividly tell about the event, to convey the fact, evaluate and explain. Also it is necessary to notice that the internet media “Ukrainskyi tyzhden’” were taken to study the materials. “Ukrainskyi tyzhden’” has a special approach to the selection of headings. During this research we noticed that there are only five headings in this internet media, including: “Articles”, “Columns”, “Photo Report”, “Magazine”, “Press Releases”. The brightest rubric is “Articles”. It has many subheadings. One of the most interesting is “Pandemic”. Also it is worth to notice that all materials from “Articles” rubric are suitable for the names of headings. Very good subheadings are “Politics” and ”Economy”, a good subheading also is “World”.
METHODS OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKS BY UKRAINIAN JOURNALISTS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kitsa Mariana
Published: May 2021

The article identifies the positive and negative aspects of using social networks in the performance of professional duties of journalists. It was found that with the development of social networks, the journalist’s life became easier. After all, it has become easier to search for information, more access to sources and people who can comment on certain events. Access to sources and individuals who can comment on certain events has also been greatly facilitated. Access to politicians, public figures and celebrities who can be written on social networks has also been greatly facilitated. In the process of research, the method of systematic study and analysis of individual social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare, Tik Tok, was used to write the article. As well as through systematization, analogy and generalization, the materials of in-depth interviews conducted specifically for this study were studied. Research has shown that journalists can use social networks in different ways in their work. Much depends on the specifics of the job, the tasks and responsibilities of the journalist. That is why the specific cases, situations and experiences of media workers are important, which show how best to use social networks at work depending on the needs and tasks of the journalist, as well as his editorial office and company. This paper outlines the main features and characteristics of social networks, identifies ways to use them by journalists, describes the positive and negative aspects of the use of social networks. It is also analyzed which social networks are suitable for the use of certain tasks in the work of a journalist. Researchers outlined the main opportunities and benefits of using social networks by various organizations and companies, and part of the focus was on the use of this tool by employees of media companies. However, there is no single policy, rules and guidelines for use yet. In general, the tasks set and solved in the research process do not cover the topic of social networks. Further research can be provided on the features and characteristics of social networks, their use by journalists.
USING PUBLIC OPINION POLLS IN THE COVERAGE OF THE 2020 LOCAL ELECTIONS IN TV NEWS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Harmatiy Olha
Published: May 2021

For many Ukrainians, the “window” into the world of news is television, especially television news. Having studied the news programs of all-Ukrainian channels, it can be noted that despite broadcasting local elections facts on all TV channels, they did not get such great media interest as the presidential or parliamentary ones, which may indicate little attention of central media to local politics. With the increased public interest in sociology during the election period, the proper dissemination of sociological information is important. It is important for people to learn from the media about reliable rankings accompanied with mandatory methodological information. The study proves the most problematic in the coverage of polling was the publication of information about customers in the media. Survey results manipulation also occurred through using research from dubious and pseudo-sociological institutions and ignoring information from well-known and authoritative organizations. Such non-compliance with the standards of releasing public opinion polls violates the requirements of the Electoral Code and causes the neglect of citizens’ rights to full and objective information about the elections. The conclusion can be made that television, as a popular channel for obtaining information among Ukrainians, did not give the audience full access to the results of sociological research on local elections. The paper offers some solutions to the situation, for instance, increasing the responsibility of the media for disseminating incomplete and unreliable survey results. It is also significant that sociological services provide comprehensive information about their research. If sociological companies are open and provide full reports, the media will have more opportunities to release complete information about the polls to the public. In addition, enhancing general media literacy, the ability to interpret survey results and define their accuracy and reliability will contribute to the citizens’ resistance to sociological data manipulation in the media.
MESSENGERS AS A PROMISING PLATFORM FOR MEDIA CONTENT DISTRIBUTION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Mudra Iryna , Kukharska Oleksandra ,   online media "Matrix"
Published: May 2021

On the Internet, the media are fighting fiercely for every reader, viewer, or listener. Every year it becomes more and more difficult to keep and interest your audience. Therefore, the media are looking for new channels to distribute their products. Official sites and pages on social networks are losing popularity among the audience every year, so editors are forced to look for new and promising ways to communicate with their audience. One of these is the so-called messengers. Messengers are essentially reminiscent of a specific media subscription, but the audience receives the information for free. The most popular messengers in the world are Telegram, Facebook Messenger, Wechat, and WhatsApp. And in Ukraine, the most popular social platform for communication is Viber (97% of Ukrainians have it downloaded on their mobile devices), as well as Telegram, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp. But Ukrainian media most often use Viber and Telegram to distribute their content. Interestingly, in different studies, you can find different terms that describe these social platforms, namely: applications, social networks, communication platforms, social platforms, and messengers. The first messengers appeared in the 90s of the last century, but the peak of their development is now. They are quickly gaining popularity among the audience, but not all media use them properly to distribute their content. Therefore, we will consider them in more detail, as well as give the rules for publishing posts on such social platforms.
LEXEM "POINT OUT" IN NEWSPAPER PUBLICATIONS
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ripei Mariia
Published: May 2021

In this article authors take into consideration usage of the verb "point out" in journalistic materials on the basis of reference literature and their own editorial experience. The article focuses on explanation of the meaning of these word in Ukrainian dictionary in eleven tomes and Dictionary of the Ukrainian language online. Materials for analysis are selected from the Ukrainian national daily newspaper "The Day", which is one of the most popular publications in the ranking of national media. It is noted that the token "point out" is correctly used to denote "a gesture, a movement directed somewhere, at someone, something, to draw attention to someone or something; show… point the way… a model for something… mark, highlight, name something, making known, noticeable… paying attention to something, explain, reveal its essence… order someone, make remarks, give orders, to teach…". And in other cases it is necessary to use not Russianism "point out", but "to mark", "to note down", "to fix", "to write", "to submit", "to testify" etc. Correctly write "on the back of the picture the journalist wrote (noted, took notes)…"; "Indicate (submit, write) in the feminine name"; "In the declaration to submit (indicate, write) types of income", "in the section record data on types and amounts of income", "indicate place of residence, series and number of passport, identification code…", "information will not be submitted"; "Indicate (write) in documents", "record (indicate) the year of birth on the envelope"; "Less than 25 patients per 100,000 inhabitants of the country testify…". It is emphasized that the accuracy of word usage depends on the availability, aesthetic impact and effectiveness of newspaper publications.
POPULARIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC CONTENT IN UKRAINE: ON THE EXAMPLE OF “MY SCIENCE”, “ART”, “PUBLIC” (SCIENCE)
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND HUMANITIES ACADEMICIAN STEPAN DEMIANCHUK, Ivanytska Marharyta
Published: June 2021

The specifics of coverage of popular science materials on the example of such media as "Kunsht", "Moya Nauka" and "Hromadske" (Science) are considered. The content and topics of materials, frequency of publication, genres, specifics of publications, the presence of these media in social networks and the diversity of content are analyzed. The list of topics that most often cover the selected media, the quantity and quality of content published during the calendar month is analyzed. Also the quality of coverage of the topic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic of 2020, the development of a vaccine at all stages against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, its types and proven effectiveness. The direction of movement of popular science media according to the definition of In Science. The list of Ukrainian popularizers of science is given. The importance of popularization of science and daily development of science was emphasized, so that there is no gap between the knowledge of scientists and the knowledge of ordinary citizens, and the importance of creating new popular science media in Ukraine. And also on the study of the language of modern science, which is English. Because in this language, publications relating to science, technology, and all advanced scientific research are published. Thanks to English-language publications, promoters have the opportunity to learn about the latest discoveries and inventions. And thus, to quickly bring to the public the latest scientific knowledge. The small number of popular science media in Ukraine and the importance of filling this niche are emphasized, as the audience sees the need for it. And also in the importance of promoting popular science content through social networks such as YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Telegram. The key directions of development of Ukrainian scientific popularization and its functions are outlined. The definitions of the terms “popularization of science”, “popular science media” and the functions of popularization of science are given.
CHAT BOTS AS A TOOL FOR POPULARIZATION OF MEDIA MATERIALS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Mudra Iryna , Kukharska Oleksandra ,   Master of Journalism, proofreader of online media "Matrix"
Published: June 2021

The development of social networks, personalized assistants, chatbots, and computational algorithms makes the media think about new prospects. Users have long departed from the format of receiving information through one channel. Today, audiences consume content through a variety of channels, from paper noses to receiving data through eyepiece lenses. Under these conditions, journalism must experiment, because no one can predict the trajectory of further transformations of the media system. Bot programs have become indispensable assistants for media outlets. Chatbots are specially programmed computer programs that work according to a certain algorithm of actions. Nowadays, there are new types of bot programs - simple and smart. After all, with their help, you can quickly publish posts on social networks and messengers, search for the most popular topics, quickly answer questions from the audience, track the reaction to posts, and more. As well as smart programs can write journalistic material. And they work 24/7 and process a lot of information in seconds. Such bot programs provide additional tools for the media, which facilitate and optimize the work of journalists. The first bot programs were created in the 60-the 70s of the XX century. And in messengers chatbots were in the late '90s of the XX century - ICQ. But a significant impetus for the use and development of chatbots was the messenger Telegram, which has a whole bot farm. Such programs have prospects, so the editors of the leading media invest in the creation and training of such bots because they optimize the editorial process. In the study, we analyze the prospects of using media chatbots to disseminate and promote their materials and optimize editorial processes.
¿El virus afecta “a todos (y a todas) por igual”? Una mirada crítica acerca del trabajo doméstico remunerado en Argentina en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Casas Verónica , Palermo Hernán
Published: May 2021

El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar el impacto de la pandemia del covid-19 en el sector del empleo doméstico remunerado en Argentina. En términos metodológicos recurrimos a la triangulación de datos de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo: por un lado, desarrollamos una encuesta virtual, y por otro, realizamos entrevistas en línea a mujeres que trabajan en casas particulares. Podemos afirmar que el contexto de pandemia empeoró los procesos de precarización estructural propios de este sector. Asimismo, el discurso de la pandemia constituido a partir de los significantes de la masculinidad profundizó los procesos de desvalorización social de la actividad, al contrastar con los significantes “naturalmente” femeninos asociados al trabajo doméstico.
Identidades y ensamblajes afectivos en juventudes de minorías sexuales y de género
Authors: Lozano-Verduzco Ignacio
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se discuten algunos elementos teóricos y empíricos sobre la noción de identidad, juventudes y experiencia para problematizar la existencia de un sujeto epistemológico y político de juventudes de minorías sexuales y de género (JMSG) desde la articulación de las normas del género, sus discursos y sus fuerzas institucionales. Se discuten las posibilidades de existencia de este sujeto y se recupera la noción de ensamblajes afectivos, para trabajarla en su cruce con la vida en línea que nos proporcionan las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), para identificar una topografía y una estética específica de intervención psicosocial con grupos de estas minorías, bajo el afán de construir y de reconocer su sujeto epistemológico y político, y así proponer formas de acción política que atiendan sus necesidad y sus demandas.
Influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sports
Authors: Lukashchuk V. I.
Published: May 2021

Sport is a complex and contradictory phenomenon of our time. The relevance of this study is due to the need to answer a number of questions related to determining its place among the values of modern society and person, identifying the possibility of realizing the humanistic potential of modern sport, as well as the most significant problems of its development in the context of globalization. These questions are related to the study of the influence of sociocultural factors on the development of sport. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of national traditions, the social structure of society, as well as globalization processes on the development of sport. It is shown that sport is a reflection of the national systems within which it developed. It is noted that the essence and significance of sport changes under the influence of sociocultural factors. Sport not only reflects a certain value system of society, but also popularizes and strengthens it. It is able to form its own subculture, values that differ from the generally accepted ones, from the values of other components of the sociocultural system. It is shown that modern trends in the sport development such as individualization, massification, desacralization, rationalization, and universalization are consistent with the main provisions of the concept of global development of A. de Benoist. It is emphasized that in the context of globalization, the values of traditional sport are being transformed, which leads to the dehumanization of the sport movement, the dominance of a technocratic style of thinking, to the politicization, commercialization of modern sport, the use of doping to improve sports results, etc. The globalization of sport has become a kind of cultural intervention that encroaches on national traditions and foundations. The positive and negative impact of mass media on the sport development is noted. On the one hand, they promote popularization of sport, and on the other, turn it into a consumer product. The subject of sale and consumption now is not only a sport spectacle, sport equipment, but also the athletes themselves, their image, lifestyle, and moral principles. It is hoped that the formula “unity in diversity” will become a natural axiom not only for the development of sport, but also for the whole of humanity
Social inequality and youth: key trends of 2020
Authors: Osipova N. G. , Elishev S. O.
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with the analysis of one of the most important and always relevant social phenomena called social inequality, which is viewed through the prism of youth ideas about the forms of its manifestation and features. The authors present the results of a sociological study aimed at identifying the attitude of modern Russian youth to the problem of social inequality in general, as well as the diversification of its forms in the modern world and in Russia. The study was conducted in 2020 by professors of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University under the direction of Doctor of Sociological Sciences Professor N.G. Osipova and Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor S.O. Elishev with the Financial support of the RFBR, within the framework of the project No. 18-011-01106 “New forms of social inequality and the peculiarities of their manifestation in modern Russia”.

In the course of the study in the summer of 2020, 628 young people (aged 16 to 30) from different regions of Russia were interviewed using the online questionnaire survey method. The distribution of respondents by gender and occupation corresponds to the parameters of graduates of humanitarian universities. 28% of young people surveyed were males, and 72% were females. 9% of the respondents (that is, more than half of them) were young people aged 20 to 24 years, 24,84% — from 16 to 19 years old, 12,26% — from 25 to 30 years old.

The research methodology (which is based on the questionnaire) was in many ways similar to the methodology used by the authors in 2019 to analyze the value orientations and perceptions of student youth in Moscow universities. This  methodology was supplemented with new blocks of questions related to the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation in Russia of such relatively new forms of social inequality as digital divide and inequality in health. The questions to which the answers were received were of both general and specific nature and, in general, reflected the key trends in the attitude of young people to the problem of social inequality in the conditions of the complex social situation that developed in 2020 in all respects. A detailed analysis of the answers to the questions presented in the questionnaire showed that, although social inequality is recognized by modern Russian youth as an urgent social problem, it does not occupy a key place among the topical problems for Russian youth.
Postmortem diagnoses of spinal ataxia in 316 horses in California
Authors: Hales Erin N. , Aleman Monica , Marquardt Sabin A. , Katzman Scott A. , Woolard Kevin D. , Miller Andrew D. , Finno Carrie J.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine period prevalences of postmortem diagnoses for spinal cord or vertebral column lesions as underlying causes of ataxia (spinal ataxia) in horses.

ANIMALS

2,861 client-owned horses (316 with ataxia [ataxic group] and 2,545 without ataxia [control group]).

PROCEDURES

The medical records database of the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital was searched to identify horses necropsied between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017. Results were compared between the ataxic and control groups and between various groups of horses in the ataxic group. Period prevalences were determined for the most common causes of ataxia.

RESULTS

2,861 horses underwent full necropsy, and the period prevalences for the most common definitive diagnoses for ataxia were 2.7% (77/2,861) for cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM), 1.3% (38/2,861) for equine neuroaxonal dystrophy or equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD-EDM), and 0.9% (25/2,861) for trauma; the period prevalence of ataxia of unknown origin was 2.0% (56/2,861). Horses in the ataxic group (vs the control group) were more likely to have been warmblood horses (OR, 2.70) and less likely to have been Arabian horses (OR, 0.53). In the ataxic group, horses < 5 (vs ≥ 5) years of age had greater odds of CVCM (OR, 2.82) or eNAD-EDM (OR, 6.17) versus trauma or ataxia of unknown origin. Horses in the ataxic group with CVCM were more likely Thoroughbreds (OR, 2.54), whereas horses with eNAD-EDM were more likely American Quarter Horses (OR, 2.95) and less likely Thoroughbreds (OR, 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that breed distributions differed for horses with CVCM versus eNAD-EDM; therefore, breed should be considered in the clinical evaluation of spinal ataxia in horses.
Hardware Implementation of a Takagi-Sugeno Neuro-Fuzzy System Optimized by a Population Algorithm
Authors: Dziwiński Piotr , Przybył Andrzej , Trippner Paweł , Paszkowski Józef , Hayashi Yoichi
Published: June 2021

Over the last several decades, neuro-fuzzy systems (NFS) have been widely analyzed and described in the literature because of their many advantages. They can model the uncertainty characteristic of human reasoning and the possibility of a universal approximation. These properties allow, for example, for the implementation of nonlinear control and modeling systems of better quality than would be possible with the use of classical methods. However, according to the authors, the number of NFS applications deployed so far is not large enough. This is because the implementation of NFS on typical digital platforms, such as, for example, microcontrollers, has not led to sufficiently high performance. On the other hand, the world literature describes many cases of NFS hardware implementation in programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offering sufficiently high performance. Unfortunately, the complexity and cost of such systems were so high that the solutions were not very successful. This paper proposes a method of the hardware implementation of MRBF-TS systems. Such systems are created by modifying a subclass of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy-neural structures, i.e. the NFS group functionally equivalent to networks with radial basis functions (RBF). The structure of the MRBF-TS is designed to be well suited to the implementation on an FPGA. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain both very high computing efficiency and high accuracy with relatively low consumption of hardware resources. This paper describes both, the method of implementing MRBFTS type structures on the FPGA and the method of designing such structures based on the population algorithm. The described solution allows for the implementation of control or modeling systems, the implementation of which was impossible so far due to technical or economic reasons.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Musikal Peserta Didik Melalui Aktivitas Musik Kreatif
Authors: Firdhani Aldhila Mifta
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of creative music to improve students' musical abilities in learning music. The research method uses this type of classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles. The research was conducted at SMP Sunan Averroes Sleman Yogyakarta for three months. The object of the study was 13 students of class VIII. Sources of data used in this study are the results of observations and test results of musical abilities. Data analysis techniques were carried out qualitatively, which were identified to see the achievement and improvement results in each cycle. The results showed that creative music activity could improve students' musical abilities in learning music based on the analysis. This increase was evidenced by observations and the acquisition of students' musical abilities in cycle I to cycle II. Based on the observations' results, it can be seen that the average score of students' musical ability in cycle I was 29.5, while in cycle II was 40.1. Based on this average value, it is known that the increase in students' musical abilities is 10.6. So based on this data analysis, it can be said that creative music activities in learning music can improve students' musical abilities. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan musik kreatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan musikal peserta didik dalam pembelajaran musik. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Sunan Averroes Sleman Yogyakarta selama 3 bulan. Objek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII yang berjumlah 13 anak. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil observasi dan hasil tes kemampuan musikal. Taknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif yang diidentifikasi untuk melihat hasil pencapaian dan menyempurnakan di setiap siklusnya. Berdasarkan analisis, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas musik kreatif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan musikal peserta didik dalam pembelajaran musik. Peningkatan ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil observasi dan perolehan skor kemampuan musikal peserta didik pada siklus I ke siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dapat diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata kelas kemampuan musikal peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 29,5, sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 40,1. Sehingga berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tersebut diketahui peningkatan kemampuan musikal peserta didik sebesar 10,6. Sehingga berdasarkan analisis data tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa aktivitas musik kreatif dalam pembelajaran musik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan musikal
DIFFERING APPROACHES OF THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT TOWARDS THE “HISTORY ISSUES”
Authors: Batakova A. A.
Published: May 2021

The beginning of the 1990s saw a prevailing understanding in Tokyo that restoration of trust and reconciliation with East Asian countries should be the first step to a larger role of Japan in the international politics. This understanding manifested itself in so far the most successful attempts to apologize for the policies of Japan in the first half of the XX century, including Prime Minister T.Murayama's statement, issued in 1995, as well as measures to address the so-called"historical issues". By contrast, incumbent Prime Minister S.Abe, who is also striving to increase the role of Japan in the international arena, shows a gradual departure from the above-mentioned strategy on presumption that a "masochistic" view of Japanese history runs counter to its national interests. His statement on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II promoted a thesis on importance to lift "the burden of apologies". Given the fact that it was nevertheless received positively by Tokyo's main ally Washington and did not become an obstacle to political dialogue with Seoul and Beijing, the author suggests that S.Abe will continue step-by-step efforts to remove "historical issues" from the bilateral political and economic agenda with China and South Korea, as well as to erase the link between the necessity to issue apologies, characteristic of the Japanese diplomacy of the 1990s, and a strategy to a larger Japan's role in international politics and security.
THE PLACE OF BRICS IN WORLD POLITICS
Authors: Astakhov E. M.
Published: May 2021

The unilateral model of international relations is not capable to execute global governance. The existing financial institutes serve only the interests of few highly developed countries. This situation does not satisfy developing countries. The latter put forward new approaches to the important task of reforming the world order system. BRICS countries will contribute to the elaboration of a new economic system based on equal to financial sources and trade markets. BRICS countries have the sufficient potential to become a new pole of political and economic influence free from geopolitical calculation and the temptation to impose their social models and political standards. Russia sees in BRICS an important place to discuss problems of international politics and world economy. At the same time Russia is interested in a dynamic economic cooperation with members of the group. Taking into consideration the current international situation, Russia will help to strengthen the political and economic position of BRICS. At the same time it is desirable to maintain a prudent policy of cooperation in both directions with East and with West.
WTO REFORM: BACKGROUND, CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Isachenko T. M.
Published: May 2021

Maximizing the benefits of international division of labor and sharing the achievements of innovative development is possible only with the existence of a strict system of rules and regulations. Such system would enable fair regulation of international trade, ensure the transparency of market access and make it possible to challenge discriminatory measures, as well as to maintain certain measures to protect the interests of domestic producers. The creation of the multilateral trading system has started with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was subsequently developed in the documents and codes, the decisions of the negotiating rounds. Since 1995, a set of rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) became the basis of the multilateral trading system. All rules are worked out at the multilateral level. However, in recent years the negotiations within the WTO has slowed down, that affected the quality and speed of decision-making on key issues of global development. That provokes the discussion it on a certain crisis of the WTO as the main regulator of world trade, and therefore the need to provide both institutional and substantive reforms.
RUSSIAN MUSLIMS: HISTORY AND MODERN AGE (CASE OF ESTABLISHING AND DEVELOPING OF ISLAMIC COMMUNITY IN SAINT PETERSBURG)
Authors: Sapronova M. A.
Published: May 2021

Book review: Renat Bekkin, Almira Tagirdzhanova. Muslim Petersburg. Historical guide-book. The life of Muslims in St. Petersburg and its suburbs. - Moscow, St. Petersburg: Institute for African Studies, 2016. - 640p.
OPERATION «BROTHER’S KEEPER» IN CONTEXT OF THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI STANDOFF
Authors: Morozov V. M. , Ermakov A. A.
Published: May 2021

Nowadays the Gaza Strip radical movement HAMAS is the most dangerous opponent for the State of Israel in the Palestinian arena. In recent years most attention of the world community has been focused on the events in the Gaza Strip. This attention is caused by the dynamics of standoff and the scale of events occurred. During the period after authority setting in the Palestinian enclave by HAMAS movement Israel carried out a series of large-scale military operations. These were «Cast Lead», «Pillar of Defense» and «Protective Edge». However for better understanding of dynamics of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians it is necessary to pay equal attention to confrontation both in the Gaza Strip and West Bank. In the article the authors study the events of June 2014 that were a part of the permanent standoff in the West Bank. In June 2014 after abduction of the three teenagers by radicals Israel carried out the operation «Brother's Keeper» which preceded the large-scale operation «Protective Edge». The actions of Israelis aimed at weakening the infrastructure of HAMAS. During the operation in the West Bank Israel used considerable forces. Israelis caused a painful blow to HAMAS. The results of the operation «Brother's Keeper» suggested that the radicals of the West Bank may get developed underground infrastructure and developed infrastructure for production of rockets. The events of summer 2014 in zone of the Palestinian- Israeli conflict showed that escalation may spread from one part of the Palestinian land to another.
PROBLEM OF DEMOCRACY PROMOTION IN CONTEXT OF POSTCOLONIAL FEMINISM
Authors: Muzalevskiy V. A.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problems of democratization as a neocolonial practice. The author argues that the spread of democracy is similar in many respects to colonialism and civilizing mission as universal and even messianic phenomena. He notes that both of these phenomena, despite the similarity of their origin, have different "gender basis" (colonialism has characteristics of masculinity and civilizing mission - of femininity). The author reviewed the history of transforming the concepts of "colonialism" and "civilizing mission". Results parallels between the two phenomena are analyzed as a specific intellectual and public discourse in a particular era influenced the formation of both phenomena. Examples of national civilizing projects, their intellectual potential and influence on contemporary world politics are also considered. The echoes of colonialism and civilizing mission are visible in US and the EU doctrines of democracy promotion. Examining the evolution of approaches to democratization, the author finds the differences in strategic culture of the United States and the European Union: if the American establishment have a propensity to masculine practice of democracy promotion ("democratic enlargement", the project "Greater Middle East", etc.), and European leadership prefers feminine practices. In terms of the post-colonial feminism, this approach does not give these actors any special benefits, as it offers the ineffective governing strategy of the local population, not taking into account, and often denying the specific cultural environment of democracy promotion, paying more attention to institutional characteristics (lack of certain civil rights and freedoms, lack of transparency in the work of public authorities, etc.). The author notes that the current strategy of democracy promotion, though being more complex, creates the effect of "double discrimination", when both the local people and local women (imposing image of "a free and independent Western woman") feel that they are "colonized". Based on an analysis of the current state of democratization, the author proposes four possible scenarios for promoting democracy in the world.