KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGIS Ralstonia solanacearum PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI NILAM
Authors: NASRUN NASRUN , CHRISTANTI CHRISTANTI , ARWIYANTO TRIWIDODO , MARISKA IKA 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian karakteristik Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab<br />penyakit layu bakteri nilam telah dilakukan di pertanaman nilam petani di<br />Pasaman Barat Sumatera Barat dan laboratorium serta rumah kaca<br />Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Kegiatan<br />lapangan meliputi identifikasi gejala penyakit dan pengambilan sampel<br />tanaman sakit pada empat kebun nilam terinfeksi penyakit layu bakteri<br />berdasarkan tingkat serangan tertinggi (di atas 75%) yang dilakukan pada<br />bulan Januari 2003. Kegiatan laboratorium dan rumah kaca meliputi<br />isolasi dan pengamatan morfologi bakteri patogen, pengujian hipersensitif,<br />patogenisitas, sifat-sifat bakteriologi, pigmen fluoresen, antibiotik, biovar<br />dan ras patologi yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus<br />2003. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan 31 isolat bakteri<br />patogen yang menunjukkan reaksi hipersensitif pada daun tembakau, dan<br />20 isolat dari isolat tersebut mampu menginfeksi bibit nilam dengan gejala<br />layu seperti gejala di lapangan dengan masa inkubasi menunjukkan gejala<br />14,6 – 39,0 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI). Isolat Ns 31 adalah isolat paling<br />virulen. Hasil analisis sifat-sifat bakteriologi menyimpulkan isolat bakteri<br />asal nilam dari Pasaman Barat Sumatera Barat adalah Ralstonia<br />solanacearum. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian biovar dan kisaran inang maka<br />isolat tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam biovar III dan ras satu.<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon spp., penyakit, bakteri, Ralstonia<br />solanacearum, Sumatera Barat, D.I. Yogyakarta<br />ABSTRACT<br />Physiological characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum<br />causing bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant<br />The study of characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum causing<br />bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant was conducted in the patchouli<br />plant field in Pasaman Barat West Sumatera and bacteriological laboratory<br />and green house of Agricultural Faculty of Gadjah Mada University,<br />Yogyakarta. The field activity were identification of disease symptom and<br />collection of infected plant by bacterial disease from the patchouli plant<br />field that have the height disease intensity (more than 75%) that was<br />conducted on January 2003. Activity of laboratory and green house were<br />isolation and assay of bacterial morphology, hypersensitive and<br />pathogenicity test, bacteriological characteristic, fluorescens pigment,<br />antibiotic, biotype and ras pathology were conducted from January to<br />August 2003. Results showed that 31 isolates showed hypersensitive<br />reaction on tobacco leaf. Twenty isolates infected patchouly plant with<br />wilt symptoms with incubation period 14.6 – 39.3 days after inoculation.<br />Ns 31 was the most virulent isolate. Analytic results of bacteriological<br />characteristic showed that the bacterial isolates of Patchouli plant from<br />West Pasaman-West Sumatera is Ralstonia solanacearum. Based on<br />biotype and host range test, this isolates was grouped into biotype III and<br />ras one.<br />Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon spp., disease, bacteria, Ralstonia<br />solanacearum, West Sumatera, D.I. Yogyakarta