bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pheromone‐binding proteins in the Asian gypsy moth females, Lymantria dispar, recognizing the sex pheromone and plant volatiles
Authors: Yu Yanxue , Zhou Ping , Zhang Junhua , Zheng Chao , Zhang Jian , Chen Naizhong
Published: June 2018

Lepidopterans are known to have different pheromone‐binding proteins with differential expression patterns that facilitate specific signal transduction of semiochemicals. Two PBPs of the Asian gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, were reported to express in both females and males, but their physiological functions were unknown. Results showed that LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2 were expressed in the sensilla trichodea of males and the s. trichodea and s. basiconica of females. When LdisPBP1 gene was targeted by RNA interference (RNAi) in males, the expression of LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2 decreased by 69 and 76%, respectively, and when LdisPBP2 gene was targeted by RNAi, they decreased by 60 and 42%, respectively. In females, after treatment with LdisPBP1 dsRNA, LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2 levels were reduced by 26 and 69%, respectively, and LdisPBP2 dsRNA reduced the relative expression of them by 4 and 62%, respectively. The expression of LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2 was interdependent. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings showed that LdisPBPs participate in the recognition of the sex pheromone in males, and the sex pheromone and plant volatiles in females. The function of LdisPBPs represents the sex‐specific roles.
JAK‐1 Inhibition Suppresses Interferon‐Induced BAFF Production in Human Salivary Gland
Authors: Lee Jaeseon , Lee Jennifer , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Baek SeungYe , Jang Se Gwang , Hong Seung‐Min , Min Jae‐Woong , Choi Sun Shim , Lee Juhyun , Cho Mi‐La , Park Sung‐Hwan
Published: June 2018

Objective

To examine whether a JAK inhibitor regulates functional responses of human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) and disease parameters in an animal model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed among peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary SS and other data sets, using blood and SG tissue. Validation of expression in SGs was analyzed by focus score. Inhibition of messenger RNA expression of DEGs and BAFF by filgotinib was analyzed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in primary SGECs. SG organoid cultures were used to determine the association between DEGs and BAFF via knockdown using small interfering RNAs or to determine regulation of BAFF by JAK inhibitor. Filgotinib (1.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into 8‐week‐old NOD/ShiLtJ mice 3 times per week to analyze manifestations of disease. Finally, STAT signaling was assessed in human and mouse SGECs.

Results

Expression of the DEGs IFNG and BAFF increased in SGs from patients with primary SS, as assessed by focus score. There was a significant correlation between IFIT2 and BAFF expression. JAK inhibitor suppressed interferon (IFN)–induced transcription of DEGs and BAFF in human primary SGECs. Knockdown of DEGs or inhibition of JAK caused reduced secretion of BAFF in human SG organoid cultures. In addition, filgotinib‐treated mice exhibited increased salivary flow rates and marked reductions in lymphocytic infiltration of SGs. JAK inhibitor regulated IFNα‐ and IFNγ‐induced pSTAT‐1Y701, pSTAT‐3Y705, and protein inhibitor of activated STAT‐3 (PIAS‐3) in human SGECs as well as IFNγ‐induced pSTAT‐1Y701, pSTAT‐3S727, and PIAS‐1 in mouse SGECs.

Conclusion

JAK inhibition controls aberrant activation of SGECs and may be a novel therapeutic approach for primary SS.
Ordering of series and parallel systems comprising heterogeneous generalized modified Weibull components
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Nanda Phalguni , Kayal Suchandan
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we deal with comparisons of the smallest and largest order statistics arising from independent heterogeneous generalized modified Weibull random variables in terms of various stochastic orderings. The main results established here are based on (i) vector majorization of parameters and (ii) multivariate chain majorization with heterogeneity in two and three parameters.
Toleranzanforderungen bei langen kombinierten Spundwänden
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Osthoff David
Published: June 2018

Die „wichtigste Vorsorgemaßnahme gegen Schlossschäden“ ist gemäß EAU 2012 die lagetreue Einbringung der Tragelemente von kombinierten Spundwänden. Toleranzen für kombinierte Spundwände sind nicht allgemein festgelegt und für jede Baumaßnahme gesondert zu vereinbaren.

Heutige Konstruktionen mit kombinierten Spundwänden unterliegen zunehmend erhöhten Anforderungen in Form von großen Geländesprüngen und hohen Wasserüberdrücken. Gerade im Hinblick auf die damit verbundenen Profillängen und die erhöhten Beanspruchungen der Spundwandschlösser während der Herstellung sind die derzeitigen Toleranzangaben und Bewertungskriterien zum Einbau der Zwischenbohlen oftmals unzureichend.

In diesem Beitrag wird die beschriebene Problematik dargestellt und im Hinblick auf Überwachung, Ausführungskontrollen und Lösungsansätze diskutiert.
Disposable luciferase‐based microfluidic chip for rapid assay of water pollution
Authors: Denisov Ivan , Lukyanenko Kirill , Yakimov Anton , Kukhtevich Igor , Esimbekova Elena , Belobrov Peter
Published: June 2018

In the present study, we demonstrate the use of a disposable luciferase‐based microfluidic bioassay chip for environmental monitoring and methods for fabrication. The designed microfluidic system includes a chamber with immobilized enzymes of bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi and Vibrio fischeri and their substrates, which dissolve after the introduction of the water sample and thus activate bioluminescent reactions. Limits of detection for copper (II) sulfate, 1,3‐dihydroxybenzene and 1,4‐benzoquinone for the proposed microfluidic biosensor measured 3 μM, 15 mM, and 2 μM respectively, and these values are higher or close to the level of conventional environmental biosensors based on lyophilized bacteria. Approaches for entrapment of enzymes on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plates using a gelatin scaffold and solvent bonding of PMMA chip plates under room temperature were suggested. The proposed microfluidic system may be used with some available luminometers and future portable luminescence readers.
Vacuolar ATPase as a potential therapeutic target and mediator of treatment resistance in cancer
Authors: Whitton Bradleigh , Okamoto Haruko , Packham Graham , Crabb Simon J.
Published: June 2018

Vacuolar ATPase (V‐ATPase) is an ATP‐dependent H+‐transporter that pumps protons across intracellular and plasma membranes. It consists of a large multi‐subunit protein complex and influences a wide range of cellular processes. This review focuses on emerging evidence for the roles for V‐ATPase in cancer. This includes how V‐ATPase dysregulation contributes to cancer growth, metastasis, invasion and proliferation, and the potential link between V‐ATPase and the development of drug resistance.
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome caused by a CEP57 mutation diagnosed by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Brightman Diana S. , Ejaz Sehar , Dauber Andrew
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights an important lesson for laboratory genetic testing. Geneticists and Genetic Counselors should be aware that although rare, mosaic variegated aneuploidy should be considered if mosaic aneuploidies are observed on karyotype, particularly in the context of short stature.
Acute respiratory syndrome following accidental inhalation of mercury vapor
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Peralta Jaime , Díaz‐Navarro Rienzi
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Although the manufacture of glass mercury thermometers is now prohibited, they are still present in daily life and represent a source of accidental mercury intoxication. Physicians should be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of mercury poisoning caused by accidental exposure and know the appropriate treatment for this toxicological emergency.
Nickel‐based Catalysts for High‐temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction‐Methane Suppression
Authors: Ashok Jangam , Wai Ming Hui , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: June 2018

This article provides a critical review of Ni‐based catalysts employed in high temperature and ultra‐high temperature water gas shift reaction (WGS) for hydrogen production and methane suppression. The promotional role of nature and type of active metal and support for WGS reaction is discussed with respect to activity and selectivity. This review mainly covers the recent strategic catalytic formulations like promotion with alkali metals, alloying with another metal and core@‐shell‐like structures for suppressing methanation during WGS reaction. The change in nature and strength of CO adsorption over modified Ni‐surfaces is discussed using available in situ CO‐DRIFTS results. The various WGS reaction and CO methanation pathways are also presented together with insights gained from computational DFT studies.
Modification of Cu/SiO2 Catalysts by La2O3 to Quantitatively Tune Cu+‐Cu0 Dual Sites with Improved Catalytic Activities and Stabilities for Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Ding Tong , Ma Kui , Cai Jinmeng , Sun Zhirui , Tian Ye , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Jing , Zheng Lirong , Li Xingang
Published: June 2018

Dimethyl ether steam reforming (DME SR) is a promising route to provide H2 for on‐board H2‐based fuel cells. Herein, we synthesized the La2O3‐modified Cu/SiO2 catalyst with dual copper species of Cu0 and Cu+ for DME SR, which exhibits both the high catalytic performance and long‐term stability. The strong electron donor‐acceptor interaction between the lanthanum and copper species occurs after reduction of the catalysts, which is an essential factor to quantitatively determine the ratio of Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+). The addition of La can improve the dispersion of both metallic Cu and Cu2O on the catalysts, as well. After modulating the ratio of Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) to ∼0.5 by varying the La loading, we achieved the highest activity and lowest CO selectivity. After the durability tests, the results of TEM, EXAFS, and XPS reveal that the addition of La on the Cu/SiO2 catalysts not only stabilizes the copper species from aggregation, especially for the metallic Cu, but also avoids over‐reduction of the Cu+ species to Cu0. The constant ratio of Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) on the La‐modified Cu/SiO2 catalyst ensures the high catalytic stability in DME SR.
Fabrication of Fe2C Embedded in Hollow Carbon Spheres: a High‐Performance and Stable Catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Teng Xinsheng , Huang Shouying , Wang Jian , Wang Hongyu , Zhao Qiao , Yuan Yong , Ma Xinbin
Published: June 2018

The Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a non‐petroleum‐based alternative route, which directly produces fuels and value‐added chemicals (e. g. lower olefins) from coal‐, biomass‐ or natural gas‐derived syngas. The ϵ‐iron carbide, such as Fe2C, has been predicted to be active but not stable under high‐temperature FTS conditions. In this work, we have fabricated a novel catalyst with Fe2C embedded in hollow carbon spheres (HCS) by pyrolyzing the coated polymer and Fe(NO3)3 on silica spheres and then etching the hard template. XRD, XPS, TEM and N2 physical adsorption were employed to characterize the evolution and properties of as‐prepared catalysts, which significantly depend on pyrolysis temperature. Under FTS conditions, the obtained catalysts exhibit good dispersion, robustness of geometric construction, and resistance to sintering. More importantly, Fe2C was confirmed as the dominant and stable iron carbide species. The unique chemical surrounding and confinement effect provided by carbon matrix contribute to these peculiarities that are responsible for superior activity and stability in FTS. Furthermore, we found that the products distribution could be manipulated by changing the geometric diameters of HCS, due to the tunable CO/H2 ratio.
Electrocatalytic Biosynthesis using a Bucky Paper Functionalized by [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+ and a Renewable Enzymatic Layer
Authors: Zhang Lin , Etienne Mathieu , Vilà Neus , Le Thi Xuan Huong , Kohring Gert‐Wieland , Walcarius Alain
Published: June 2018

A bioelectrode for electroenzymatic synthesis was prepared, combining a layer for NADH regeneration and a renewable layer for enzymatic substrate reduction. The covalent immobilization of a rhodium complex mediator ([Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+) on the surface of a bucky paper electrode was achieved by following an original protocol in two steps. A bipyridine ligand was first grafted on the electrode by electro‐reduction of bipyridyl diazonium cations generated from 4‐amino‐2,2′‐bipyridine, and the complex was then formed by reaction with [RhCp*Cl2]2. A turnover frequency of 1.3 s−1 was estimated for the electrocatalytic regeneration of NADH by this immobilized complex, with a Faraday efficiency of 83 %. The bucky paper electrode was then overcoated by a bio‐doped porous layer made of glassy fibers with immobilized D‐sorbitol dehydrogenase. This assembly allowed for the efficient separation of the enzyme and the rhodium catalyst, which is a prerequisite for effective bioelectrocatalysis with such bioelectrochemical system, while allowing effective mass transport of NAD+/NADH cofactor from one layer to the other. Thereby, it was possible to reuse the same mediator‐functionalized bucky paper with three different enzyme layers. The bioelectrode was applied to the electroenzymatic reduction of D‐fructose to D‐sorbitol. A turnover frequency of 0.19 s−1 for the rhodium complex was observed in the presence of 3 mM D‐fructose and a total turnover number higher than 12000 was estimated.
Highly Efficient and Selective Visible‐Light Driven CO2‐to‐CO Conversion by a Co(II) Homogeneous Catalyst in H2O/CH3CN Solution
Authors: Liu Dong‐Cheng , Huang Hai‐Hua , Wang Jia‐Wei , Jiang Long , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: June 2018

The photochemical reduction of CO2 to chemical resources has displayed the promise to solve energy and environmental problems. To facilitate this reaction, a considerable challenge is to design not only highly efficient and selective, but also economic catalysts. In this study, we report a homogeneous catalyst, [CoL1(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (1, L1=Tris[2‐(iso‐propylamino)ethyl]amine) which displays high activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO driven by visible light in a water‐containing system, with turnover numbers (TONCO) and turnover frequencies (TOF), and CO selectivity values of 44800, 1.24 s−1 and 97 %, respectively. The excellent performances of 1 for the photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO conversion is confirmed by control experiments and its catalytic mechanism is corroborated by DFT calculations.
Accelerated Ru–Cu Trinuclear Cooperative C−H Bond Functionalization of Carbazoles: A Kinetic and Computational Investigation
Authors: Jones Alexander W. , Rank Christian K. , Becker Yanik , Malchau Christian , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Maseras Feliu , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: June 2018

The mechanism of a trinuclear cooperative dehydrogenative C−N bond‐forming reaction is investigated in this work, which avoids the use of chelate‐assisting directing groups. Two new highly efficient Ru/Cu co‐catalyzed systems were identified, allowing orders of magnitude greater TOFs than the previous state of the art. In‐depth kinetic studies were performed in combination with advanced DFT calculations, which reveal a decisive rate‐determining trinuclear Ru–Cu cooperative reductive elimination step (CRE).
Computational Methods for Predicting Protein‐Protein Interactions Using Various Protein Features
Authors: Ding Ziyun , Kihara Daisuke
Published: June 2018

Understanding protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) in a cell is essential for learning protein functions, pathways, and mechanism of diseases. PPIs are also important targets for developing drugs. Experimental methods, both small‐scale and large‐scale, have identified PPIs in several model organisms. However, results cover only a part of PPIs of organisms; moreover, there are many organisms whose PPIs have not yet been investigated. To complement experimental methods, many computational methods have been developed that predict PPIs from various characteristics of proteins. Here we provide an overview of literature reports to classify computational PPI prediction methods that consider different features of proteins, including protein sequence, genomes, protein structure, function, PPI network topology, and those which integrate multiple methods. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A low‐power technique for high‐resolution dynamic comparators
Authors: Khorami Ata , Sharifkhani Mohammad
Published: June 2018

A low‐power technique for high‐resolution comparators is introduced. In this technique, p‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors are employed as the input of the latch of the comparator just like the input of the preamplifier. The latch and preamplifier stages are activated in a special pattern using an inverter‐based controller. Unlike the conventional comparator, the preamplification delay can be set to an optimum low value even if after the preamplification, the output voltages is less than n‐channel metal‐oxide semiconductor voltage threshold. As a result, the proposed comparator reduces the power consumption significantly and enhances the speed. The speed and power benefits of the proposed comparator were verified using analytical derivations, PVT corners, and post layout simulations. The results confirm that the introduced technique reduces the power consumption by 60%, also, provides 57% better comparison speed for an input common mode voltage (Vcm) range of 0‐Vdd/2.
Association between walnut consumption and diabetes risk in NHANES
Authors: Arab Lenore , Dhaliwal Satvinder K. , Martin Carly J. , Larios Alena D. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Elashoff David
Published: June 2018

Background

Dietary interventions and cohort studies relating tree nut consumption to blood glucose levels suggest a possible effect of walnuts.

Objective

To examine the associations between walnut consumption and diabetes risk using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data on adults conducting 24‐hour dietary recall was pooled across the years 1999 through 2014. Diabetes status or risk was based on self‐report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Individuals were characterized based on reported consumption of walnuts, mixed‐nuts, or no nuts.

Results

After adjustment for covariates, walnut consumers showed lower risk for diabetes compared with non‐nut consumers based on self‐report (odds ratio of 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31‐0.72) as well as fasting blood glucose (relative risk ratio 0.32, CI 0.17‐0.58) and HbA1c (relative risk ratio 0.51, CI 0.27‐0.99). For each standard deviation of increase in walnut intake, prevalence of diabetes dropped 47%. The gender by walnut interaction suggests that the effect may be more potent among women than men (dose response P = .061).

Conclusions

Both among individuals with known diabetes and those diagnosed based on elevated diabetes blood markers, the prevalence of individuals with diabetes was significantly lower among the walnut consumers. A possible gender‐specific effect invites further attention.
A geostatistical state‐space model of animal densities for stream networks
Authors: Hocking Daniel J. , Thorson James T. , O'Neil Kyle , Letcher Benjamin H.
Published: June 2018

Population dynamics are often correlated in space and time due to correlations in environmental drivers as well as synchrony induced by individual dispersal. Many statistical analyses of populations ignore potential autocorrelations and assume that survey methods (distance and time between samples) eliminate these correlations, allowing samples to be treated independently. If these assumptions are incorrect, results and therefore inference may be biased and uncertainty underestimated. We developed a novel statistical method to account for spatiotemporal correlations within dendritic stream networks, while accounting for imperfect detection in the surveys. Through simulations, we found this model decreased predictive error relative to standard statistical methods when data were spatially correlated based on stream distance and performed similarly when data were not correlated. We found that increasing the number of years surveyed substantially improved the model accuracy when estimating spatial and temporal correlation coefficients, especially from 10 to 15 yr. Increasing the number of survey sites within the network improved the performance of the nonspatial model but only marginally improved the density estimates in the spatiotemporal model. We applied this model to brook trout data from the West Susquehanna Watershed in Pennsylvania collected over 34 yr from 1981 to 2014. We found the model including temporal and spatiotemporal autocorrelation best described young of the year (YOY) and adult density patterns. YOY densities were positively related to forest cover and negatively related to spring temperatures with low temporal autocorrelation and moderately high spatiotemporal correlation. Adult densities were less strongly affected by climatic conditions and less temporally variable than YOY but with similar spatiotemporal correlation and higher temporal autocorrelation.
Photocoloration in Hybrid Amino Acid Polyoxometalates
Authors: Akhlaghi Bagherjeri Fateme , Ritchie Chris , Gable Robert W. , Boskovic Colette
Published: June 2018

The study of four different salts of a hybrid glycine–polyoxotungstate has revealed photocoloration that is dependent on the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between glycine ligand ammonium groups and the polyoxotungstate. Four compounds comprised of the hybrid polyoxometalate [As4{W3Y}W44Y4O159(Gly)8(H2O)12]9– (Gly = glycine) with glycinium, benzylammonium, 4‐methylbenzylammonium, or benzyltriethylammonium countercations have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In the solid state, two of the compounds exhibit coloration associated with photoreduction, cycling from white to blue under UV irradiation, and bleaching back to white following reoxidation in air. The ability of the hybrid POM to undergo photoreduction correlates with the orientation of the zwitterionic ammonium groups of the glycine ligands and the intramolecular hydrogen bonding to POM oxo ligands. The kinetics of coloration of these POMs follows a pseudo‐second‐order rate law.
A systematic review of mHealth interventions for the support of eating disorders
Authors: Anastasiadou Dimitra , Folkvord Frans , Lupiañez‐Villanueva Francisco
Published: June 2018

Objective

To systematically review the existing evidence of mobile health (mHealth) tools for the treatment of eating disorders (ED).

Method

Electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycInfo, and SCOPUS) were searched, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Selected studies were divided into three categories according to the intended purpose of the mHealth tools used: (a) sole means of support, (b) complementary to standard face‐to‐face treatment, and (c) for relapse prevention. Additionally, studies were assessed on efficacy, qualitative information, and methodological quality.

Results

Fifteen studies were identified. Most studies using mHealth as a sole means of intervention or adjunct to traditional therapy showed no effects, although an improvement at postassessment was present in vodcast, smartphone application, and text‐messaging interventions. Between group effects were only found for a text‐messaging intervention for relapse prevention. Qualitative analyses showed that most mHealth interventions were considered as acceptable, supporting, and motivating by patients and therapists, although different important problems were observed in individual studies.

Conclusions

Limited effects were found for mHealth interventions to reduce ED‐related symptoms. A common evaluation framework for ED mHealth interventions should be proposed to assess the validity of interventions before implementing them on a larger scale in clinical practice.
Differences in cancer gene copy number alterations between Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive and Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ooft Marc Lucas , van Ipenburg Jolique , van de Loo Rob J. M. , de Jong Rick , Moelans Cathy B. , de Bree Remco , de Herdt Martine J. , Koljenović Senada , de Jong R. Baatenburg , Hardillo J. , Willems Stefan Martin
Published: June 2018

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment is mainly based on clinical staging. We hypothesize that better understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of NPC can aid in better treatment decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present our exploration of cancer gene copy‐number alterations (CNAs) of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐positive and EBV‐negative NPC.

Methods

Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification was applied to detect CNAs of 36 cancer genes (n = 103). Correlation between CNAs, clinicopathological features, and survival were examined.

Results

The CNAs occurred significantly more in EBV‐negative NPC, with PIK3CA and MCCC1 (P < .001) gain/amplification occurring more frequently. Gain/amplification of cyclin‐L1 (CCNL1) and PTK2 (P < .001) predict worse disease‐free survival (DFS) in EBV‐positive NPC.

Conclusion

The EBV‐positive and EBV‐negative NPC show some similarities in cancer gene CNAs suggesting a common pathogenic route but also important differences possibly indicating divergence in oncogenesis. Copy number gain/amplification of CCNL1 and PTK2 are possibly good predictors of survival in EBV‐positive NPC.
Endothelial Wnts regulate β‐catenin signaling in murine liver zonation and regeneration: A sequel to the Wnt–Wnt situation
Authors: Preziosi Morgan , Okabe Hirohisa , Poddar Minakshi , Singh Sucha , Monga Satdarshan P.
Published: June 2018

β‐Catenin in hepatocytes, under the control of Wnts, regulates pericentral gene expression. It also contributes to liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) by regulating cyclin‐D1 gene expression as shown in the β‐catenin and Wnt coreceptors low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5/6 conditional knockouts (KO). However, conditional deletion of Wntless (Wls), required for Wnt secretion, in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or macrophages lacked any impact on zonation, while Wls deletion in macrophages only marginally affected LR. Here, we address the contribution of hepatic endothelial cells (ECs) in zonation and LR by characterizing EC‐Wls‐KO generated by interbreeding Wls‐floxed and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (Lyve1)‐cre mice. These mice were also used to study LR after PH. While Lyve1 expression in adult liver is limited to sinusoidal ECs only, Lyve1‐cre mice bred to ROSA26‐Stopflox/flox‐enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) mice showed EYFP labeling in sinusoidal and central vein ECs. EC‐Wls‐KO mice showed decreased liver weights; lacked glutamine synthetase, cytochrome P450 2e1, and cytochrome P450 1a2; and were resistant to acetaminophen‐induced liver injury. After PH, EC‐Wls‐KO showed quantitative and qualitative differences in cyclin‐D1 expression at 24‐72 hours, which led to a lower hepatocyte proliferation at 40 hours but a rebound increase by 72 hours. ECs and macrophages isolated from regenerating livers at 12 hours showed significant up‐regulation of Wnt2 and Wnt9b messenger RNA; these are the same two Wnts involved in baseline β‐catenin activity in pericentral hepatocytes. Conclusion: At baseline, ECs secrete Wnt proteins essential for β‐catenin activation in pericentral hepatocytes. During LR, sinusoidal and central vein ECs and secondarily macrophages secrete Wnt2, while predominantly central vein ECs and secondarily macrophages are the likely source of Wnt9b. This process spatiotemporally regulates β‐catenin activation in hepatocytes to induce cell proliferation. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:845‐860)
Developing Multimodal Literacy Through Teaching the Critical Viewing of Films in Singapore
Authors: Lim Victor Fei , Tan Serene Kok Yin
Published: June 2018

The changing nature of communication has accentuated the need to develop multimodal literacy in students. Although the conventional way of asking a series of questions to elicit students’ comprehension has helped build reading and comprehension skills, teachers could provide more support in the form of the language, pedagogical scaffolds, and technological tools to develop students’ critical viewing of multimodal texts. Working with teachers from a secondary school in Singapore, researchers from the Ministry of Education in Singapore trialed an instructional approach to teach the critical viewing of films. The approach is informed by systemic functional theory, multimodality, and media studies. The authors describe the instructional approach and the study conducted to develop multimodal literacy in adolescent students.
Does a negative discriminative stimulus function as a punishing consequence?
Authors: Bland Vikki J. , Cowie Sarah , Elliffe Douglas , Podlesnik Christopher A.
Published: June 2018

The study and use of punishment in behavioral treatments has been constrained by ethical concerns. However, there remains a need to reduce harmful behavior unable to be reduced by differential‐reinforcement procedures. We investigated whether response‐contingent presentation of a negative discriminative stimulus previously correlated with an absence of reinforcers would punish behavior maintained by positive reinforcers. Across four conditions, pigeons were trained to discriminate between a positive discriminative stimulus (S+) signaling the presence of food, and a negative discriminative stimulus (S‐) signaling the absence of food. Once learned, every five responses on average to the S+ produced S‐ for a duration of 1.5 s. S+ response rate decreased for a majority of pigeons when responses produced S‐, compared to when they did not, or when a neutral control stimulus was presented. In Condition 5, choice between two concurrently presented S+ alternatives shifted away from the alternative producing S‐, despite a 1:1 reinforcer ratio. Therefore, presenting contingent S‐ stimuli punishes operant behavior maintained on simple schedules and in choice situations. Development of negative discriminative stimuli as punishers of operant behavior could provide an effective approach to behavioral treatments for problem behavior and subverting suboptimal choices involved in addictions.
Parathyroid hormone for bone regeneration
Authors: Wojda Samantha J. , Donahue Seth W.
Published: June 2018

Delayed healing and/or non‐union occur in approximately 5–10% of the fractures that occur annually in the United States. Segmental bone loss increases the probability of non‐union. Though grafting can be an effective treatment for segmental bone loss, autografting is limited for large defects since a limited amount of bone is available for harvest. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body and plays an important role in bone metabolism. Presently PTH is FDA approved for use as an anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. The anabolic effect PTH has on bone has led to research on its use for bone regeneration applications. Numerous studies in animal models have indicated enhanced fracture healing as a result of once daily injections of PTH. Similarly, in a human case study, non‐union persisted despite treatment attempts with internal fixation, external fixation, and autograft in combination with BMP‐7, until off label use of PTH1‐84 was utilized. Use of a biomaterial scaffold to locally deliver PTH to a defect site has also been shown to improve bone formation and healing around dental implants in dogs and drill defects in sheep. Thus, PTH may be used to promote bone regeneration and provide an alternative to autograft and BMP for the treatment of large segmental defects and non‐unions. This review briefly summarizes the unmet clinical need for improved bone regeneration techniques and how PTH may help fill that void by both systemically and locally delivered PTH for bone regeneration applications. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2586–2594, 2018.
Peri‐implantitis
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Derks Jan , Monje Alberto , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: June 2018

Objectives

This narrative review provides an evidence‐based overview on peri‐implantitis for the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions.

Methods

A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: 1) definition of peri‐implantitis; 2) conversion from peri‐implant mucositis to peri‐implantitis, 3) onset and pattern of disease progression, 4) characteristics of peri‐implantitis, 5) risk factors/indicators for peri‐implantitis, and 6) progressive crestal bone loss in the absence of soft tissue inflammation.

Conclusions

Peri‐implantitis is a pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant connective tissue and progressive loss of supporting bone.

The histopathologic and clinical conditions leading to the conversion from peri‐implant mucositis to peri‐implantitis are not completely understood.

The onset of peri‐implantitis may occur early during follow‐up and the disease progresses in a non‐linear and accelerating pattern.

Peri‐implantitis sites exhibit clinical signs of inflammation and increased probing depths compared to baseline measurements.

At the histologic level, compared to periodontitis sites, peri‐implantitis sites often have larger inflammatory lesions.

Surgical entry at peri‐implantitis sites often reveals a circumferential pattern of bone loss.

There is strong evidence that there is an increased risk of developing peri‐implantitis in patients who have a history of chronic periodontitis, poor plaque control skills, and no regular maintenance care after implant therapy. Data identifying “smoking” and “diabetes” as potential risk factors/indicators for peri‐implantitis are inconclusive.

There is some limited evidence linking peri‐implantitis to other factors such as: post‐restorative presence of submucosal cement, lack of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa and positioning of implants that make it difficult to perform oral hygiene and maintenance.

Evidence suggests that progressive crestal bone loss around implants in the absence of clinical signs of soft tissue inflammation is a rare event.
Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Bissada Nabil F.
Published: June 2018

Background

Mucogingival deformities, and gingival recession in particular, are a group of conditions that affect a large number of patients. Since life expectancy is rising and people are retaining more teeth both gingival recession and the related damages to the root surface are likely to become more frequent. It is therefore important to define anatomic/morphologic characteristics of mucogingival lesions and other predisposing conditions or treatments that are likely to be associated with occurrence of gingival recession.

Objectives

Mucogingival defects including gingival recession occur frequently in adults, have a tendency to increase with age, and occur in populations with both high and low standards of oral hygiene. The root surface exposure is frequently associated with impaired esthetics, dentinal hypersensitivity and carious and non‐carious cervical lesions. The objectives of this review are as follows (1) to propose a clinically oriented classification of the main mucogingival conditions, recession in particular; (2) to define the impact of these conditions in the areas of esthetics, dentin hypersensitivity and root surface alterations at the cervical area; and (3) to discuss the impact of the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the development of gingival recessions on future periodontal health status.

Results

An extensive literature search revealed the following findings: 1) periodontal health can be maintained in most patients with optimal home care; 2) thin periodontal biotypes are at greater risk for developing gingival recession; 3) inadequate oral hygiene, orthodontic treatment, and cervical restorations might increase the risk for the development of gingival recession; 4) in the absence of pathosis, monitoring specific sites seems to be the proper approach; 5) surgical intervention, either to change the biotype and/or to cover roots, might be indicated when the risk for the development or progression of pathosis and associated root damages is increased and to satisfy the esthetic requirements of the patients.

Conclusions

The clinical impact and the prevalence of conditions like root surface lesions, hypersensitivity, and patient esthetic concern associated with gingival recessions indicate the need to modify the 1999 classification. The new classification includes additional information, such as recession severity, dimension of the gingiva (gingival biotype), presence/absence of caries and non‐carious cervical lesions, esthetic concern of the patient, and presence/absence of dentin hypersensitivity.
Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Farina Roberto , Silva Cléverson O. , Tatakis Dimitris N.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Clinical gingival inflammation is a well‐defined site‐specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a “gingivitis site”) is completely different from defining and grading a “gingivitis case” (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a “gingivitis site” does not necessarily mean a “GC”. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque‐induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC.

Importance

A universally accepted case definition for gingivitis would provide the necessary information to enable oral health professionals to assess the effectiveness of their prevention strategies and treatment regimens; help set priorities for therapeutic actions/programs by health care providers; and undertake surveillance.

Findings

Based on available methods to assess gingival inflammation, GC could be simply, objectively and accurately identified and graded using bleeding on probing score (BOP%)

Conclusions

A patient with intact periodontium would be diagnosed as a GC according to a BOP score ≥ 10%, further classified as localized (BOP score ≥ 10% and ≤30%) or generalized (BOP score > 30%). The proposed classification may also apply to patients with a reduced periodontium, where a GC would characterize a patient with attachment loss and BOP score ≥ 10%, but without BOP in any site probing ≥4 mm in depth.
New Interfacial Rheology Characteristics Measured using a Spinning‐Drop Rheometer at the Optimum Formulation of a Simple Surfactant–Oil–Water System
Authors: Marquez Ronald , Forgiarini Ana M. , Fernández Jesús , Langevin Dominique , Salager Jean‐Louis
Published: June 2018

A new spinning‐drop tensiometer with an oscillating rotation velocity was used to measure the interfacial rheological properties of systems with very low interfacial tensions in the zone close to the so‐called optimum formulation of surfactant–oil–water systems. 2 simple formulation scans were selected: One with an extended anionic surfactant using a salinity variation in the water phase, and another with a mixture of 2 nonionic surfactants in a scan produced by changing their proportion. With both systems it was corroborated that at optimum formulation (i.e., at hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) = 0), both the interfacial tension and the emulsion stability exhibit a deep minimum. A clear relationship was also found between the phase behavior and the interfacial rheological properties (dilational elasticity and viscosity). For the very first time and in both kinds of scans (salinity or average ethylene oxide number), it was found that the interfacial elastic modulusEand the interfacial viscosity, as well as the phase angle also exhibit a minimum at optimum formulation. These groundbreaking findings could be applied to emulsion instability at optimum formulation and to its applications in emulsion breaking.
Sulfite‐free lamb burger meat: antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of green tea and carvacrol
Authors: Bellés Marc , Alonso Veronica , Roncalés Pedro , Beltrán Jose A
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Sulfite is commonly used to preserve lamb burger meat in the EU. Nevertheless, its consumption has been related to certain health problems, which has increased consumer demand for sulfite‐free products. Natural compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may be a feasible alternative to preserve lamb burger meat. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of carvacrol, green tea and their combination in preserving lamb burger meat. Their effect was also compared with that of 400 ppm sulfite.

RESULTS

Lamb burger meat was mixed with different concentrations of the extracts, packaged aerobically and displayed for 8 days at 4 °C. Total polyphenols, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, colour, and microbial and sensory analyses were performed. Both green tea and carvacrol avoided lipid oxidation even at 300 ppm, while only carvacrol, which showed a concentration‐dependent action, delayed discolouration and microbial growth. Carvacrol and green tea also limited the development of oxidation odour and flavour, but the former brought about herbal odours and flavours to the meat. On the other hand, sulfite provided a higher colour stability and lower microbial counts than both natural compounds but presented a higher lipid oxidation.

CONCLUSION

Carvacrol seems to be a promising alternative to replace sulfite in lamb burger meat, whereas green tea should be combined with an antimicrobial agent. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of detoxification on biological quality of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel
Authors: Tanwar Beenu , Modgil Rajni , Goyal Ankit
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Despite rich source of protein and oil, wild (bitter) apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel is rarely exploited by food industries due to high amount of antinutrients and potentially toxic amygdalin. This study was aimed to assess the effect of detoxification on the biological quality of the wild apricot kernel (WAK)‐supplemented diet in male Wistar albino rats.

RESULTS

In order to detoxify, WAK flour was soaked in 25% sodium chloride solution for 24 h followed by washing and drying. Results revealed that detoxification significantly (P < 0.05) improved the nutritional quality by reducing the content of antinutrients (tannins, flavonoids, trypsin inhibitor, saponins, oxalates, phytates and hydrocyanic acid) from raw WAK. When compared with the raw kernel group, the detoxified WAK group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for growth performance parameters – namely feed consumed (169.14 ± 3.40 versus 152.14 ± 1.59 g), protein consumed (16.91 ± 0.63 versus 15.21 ± 0.68 g), weight gain (64.77 ± 2.59 versus 48.74 ± 0.62 g), protein efficiency ratio (3.83 ± 0.33 versus 3.20 ± 0.36), feed efficiency ratio (0.38 ± 0.017 vs 0.32 ± 0.02), biological value (73.62 ± 4.53 versus 65.26 ± 4.60%), apparent protein digestibility (78.55 ± 1.37 versus 70.35 ± 2.66%), true protein digestibility and net protein utilization, suggesting a prominent effect of detoxification in order to improve the biological quality of the WAK.

CONCLUSION

Detoxification improved the biological quality of the WAK‐supplemented diet. Hence, detoxified kernel flour could be utilized as an economic and quality source of protein and oil for the supplementation of value‐added food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Plant community ecological strategy assembly response to yak grazing in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Chunyan , Yang Hao , Mou Chengxiang , Mo Li , Luo Peng
Published: June 2018

Predicting the impact of grazing on vegetation structure, and thus on ecosystem services, is one of the main technical bottlenecks in alpine grassland conservation and management. However, past researches based on the fixed, discrete, and qualitative indicators limited our understanding for the effect of grazing on plant community assembly. Research based on the quantitative competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) theory increases the possibilities for analyzing this ecological process. To test the hypothesis that the dominant plant strategy in alpine meadow plant community will shift from S‐selection to R‐selection with increased grazing intensity, the plant community CSR strategy assemblies among the cold‐seasonal grazing meadows along a gradient of grazing intensity were studied on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dominant strategy concentrated in the S‐selected corner under the low grazing intensity, which provided a direct evidence to the environmental filters in the alpine area, and suggested that species of strong S‐selection should dominate the undisturbed alpine grassland plant community. The C‐selection of dominant strategies increased (R2 = 0.431, p = 0.004), and the extent of S‐selection decreased with greater grazing intensity; however, the R‐selection of them only slightly increased under intermediate grazing intensity and finally decreased under high grazing intensity, reflecting a selective grazing disturbance combined with localized enrichment of soil that can provide microsites for the establishment of competitors. The strong C‐selected species may dominate the plant community on the eastern Tibetan Plateau in place of S‐selected and R‐selected species, if the grazing intensity is continually high.
Swiss Learning Health System: A national initiative to establish learning cycles for continuous health system improvement
Authors: Boes Stefan , Mantwill Sarah , Kaufmann Cornel , Brach Mirjam , Bickenbach Jerome , Rubinelli Sara , Stucki Gerold
Published: June 2018

The health system in Switzerland is considered as one of the best in the world. Nevertheless, to effectively and efficiently meet current and future challenges, an infrastructure and culture are needed where the best evidence is systematically made available and used, and the system evolves on the basis of a constant exchange between research, policy, and practice. The Swiss Learning Health System institutionalizes this idea as a multistakeholder national initiative to ensure continuous improvement through ongoing research and implementation. This article presents the objectives and mechanisms of the Swiss Learning Health System in the context of international initiatives to strengthen health systems and improve population health through learning cycles.