bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE DISCIPLINARY MATRIX OF CIVIL LAW SCIENCE: SETTING THE SCIENTIFIC TASK
Authors: Vinichenko Yu.V. , Pan D.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: the article intends to draw the attention of the scientific legal community, especially scientists in the area of civil law, to the status of methodological elaboration of conceptual apparatus of the basis of civil law science. Authors accepted the term “disciplinary matrix”, which is proposed by T. Kuhn, to designate a system of such concepts and a system of scientific knowledge objectified in the concepts. Goal: to substantiate the development of a disciplinary matrix of civil law as one the main aims of the present science. Methods: authors used general scientific and special scientific methods including method of logic, intersectoral and functional methods. Results: legal literature shows the absence of special researches dedicated to comprehensive consideration of the disciplinary matrix of civil law as an essential conceptual basis although Russian scientists analyzed certain aspects of the problem. The current status of the disciplinary matrix of civil law is characterized by the spontaneity of formation, which results in the absence of a clear and uniform civil law conceptual apparatus among graduates of law schools, as well as among representatives of other branches of jurisprudence which use civil law concepts. Conclusions: the main aims of civil law in this area are involvement in science and rooting of term “disciplinary matrix of civil law”; determination of concepts which can be used in such matrix; achievement of unanimity in understanding the “matrix” civil concepts by members of the civil law community. The accomplishment of these aims is significant for creating a fundamental foundation of legal education and worldview. It is also necessary for the unification of interpretation and application of civil law concepts by specialists of all branches of national law, which is relevant for expanding of inter-branch ties, as well as by representatives of various legal orders (in the context of comparative legal research). It is the deal of civil law society which scientific pluralism transforms the aim of forming the disciplinary matrix of civil law into one of the existing problems.
MODERN TERMS IN CIVIL LAW: METHODOLOGICAL-CATEGORIAL ASPECT
Authors: Demieva A.G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to the study of modern terms in domestic Russian civil law. Purpose: to show the reasons for the appearance of new terms in civil law and to identify the problems associated with their content, which are faced by scientists and practicing lawyers. Methods: theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; comparative legal method, empirical methods of comparison, description. Results: an analysis of some modern terms of civil law indicates the following reasons for their appearance. Firstly, internal growth and development of domestic civil legislation. Secondly, the emergence of new technologies. Thirdly, an erroneous and false understanding of the meaning of some concepts. Conclusions: the identified reasons of the appearance of new and borrowed terms in civil law require a differentiated scientific approach to their study in order to avoid erroneous and false understanding of their meaning. In order to become an element of the scientific terminological apparatus, current legislation and legal practice, any terminological borrowing must be systemic. Borrowing of new terms and concepts is necessary: firstly, in the absence of a similar lexical unit in domestic law, secondly, when there is a need for a unified approach to determining the content of a legal phenomenon.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SECURITY RESEARCH IN CIVIL LAW
Authors: Iroshnikov D.V. , Pulik A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to the peculiarities of the methodology in the study of security issues in civil law. The security of the individual, society and the state is ensured by the norms of both public and private branches of law and civil law is no exception here. In this regard, the study of the civil law mechanism for ensuring security is of particular importance for the domestic civil law. However, such research should have a methodological basis that reflects the specifics of the subject. Purpose: to develop a methodological basis for the study of security through the prism of a civil law mechanism for its provision, including the formulation of problems for the main directions of future research. Methods: a set of general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systems approach, method of scientific modeling, etc.), combined with private scientific and private law methods (formal legal, comparative legal, intersectoral) were applied. Results: security can be investigated within the framework of civil law means of ensuring it in the following areas: 1) security as an intangible benefit and an object of civil law protection; 2) security as an element of the object of legal relations arising from the conclusion of civil law contracts; 3) property security and civil legal means of ensuring it. Conclusions: the study made it possible to identify the main directions of security research in the science of civil law due to the peculiarities of the methodology. In the course of the research, the authors posed a number of scientific problems, the solution of which is possible in the course of further civil studies.
First line Treatment of Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistulas Using Covered Stents at Level 1 Regional Trauma Center
Authors: Jeong Sang Hoon , Lee Jung Hwan , Choi Hyuk Jin , Kim Byung Chul , Yu Seung Han , Lee Jae Il
Published: July 2021

Objective : The widely accepted treatment option of a traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (TCCF) has been detachable balloon or coils based fistula occlusion. Recently, covered stent implantation has been proving an excellent results. The purpose of this study is to investigate our experiences with first line choice of covered stent implantation for TCCF at level 1 regional trauma center.Methods : From November 2004 to February 2020, 19 covered stents were used for treatment of 19 TCCF patients. Among them, 15 cases were first line treatment using covered stents. Clinical and angiographic data were retrospectively reviewed.Results : Procedures were technically successful in all 15 cases (100%). Immediate angiographic results after procedure were total occlusion in 12 patients (80%). All patients except two expired patients had image follow-up (mean 15 months). Recurred symptomatic three patients underwent additional treatments and achieved complete occlusion. Mean clinical follow-up duration was 32 months and results were modified Rankin Scale 1–2 in five, 3–4 in five, and 5 in three patients.Conclusion : The covered stent could be considered as fist line treatment option for treating TCCF patients especially in unstable vital sign. Larger samples and expanded follow-up are required to further develop their specifications and indications.
Impact of everolimus on survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kang Incheon , Lee Jae Geun , Choi Sung Hoon , Kim Hyun Jeong , Han Dai Hoon , Choi Gi Hong , Kim Myoung Soo , Choi Jin Sub , Kim Soon Il , Joo Dong Jin
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether everolimus (EVR) affects long-term survival after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The data from 303 consecutive patients with HCC who had undergone LT from January 2012 to July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) patients treated with EVR in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) (EVR group; n=114) and 2) patients treated with CNI-based therapy without EVR (non-EVR group; n=189). Time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) after propensity score (PS) matching were compared between the groups, and prognostic factors for TTR and OS were evaluated.Results: The EVR group exhibited more aggressive tumor biology than the non-EVR group, such as a higher number of tumors (P=0.003), a higher prevalence of microscopic vascular invasion (P=0.017) and exceeding Milan criteria (P=0.029). Compared with the PS-matched non-EVR group, the PS-matched EVR group had significantly better TTR (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, EVR was identified as an independent prognostic factor for TTR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.248; P=0.001) and OS (HR, 0.145; P<0.001).Conclusions: Combined with CNIs, EVR has the potential to prolong long-term survival in patients undergoing LT for HCC. These findings warrant further investigation in a well-designed prospective study.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI MADRASAH BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL AMANATUL UMMAH PACET MOJOKERTO
Authors: Rangkuti Hendra Rizki
Published: July 2021

Globalization in addition to carrying positive impacts also carries a negative impact. Many of the parents complained about the unrulable behavior of his teenage children. Similarly, daily teachers have to deal with the behavior of very complex adolescent students. Once the students still uphold the values of honesty, now the values are shifted by instant values, among others no need to learn hard to get good grades, because by cheating on good grades it will be achievable and up class. " Social demands and the desire to maintain self-esteem in the eyes of peers have encouraged cheating activities to be a regular and mandatory thing to do. Fast paced value has replaced the value of honesty ". Not only cheating, but other deviant behaviors such as smoking in school, liquor and drugs, engaging in brawl, as well as other behaviors that threaten the destruction of the fundamental development of value, are a matter or problem that haunts young people. A great responsibility to help the youth face the above problems is generally left to the school. The school is expected to be a community change laboratory or place of mental revolution. The school bears the duties and responsibilities of continuing the basic education given in the family. Because of the importance of this responsibility, the school needs to have a good planning, implementation, and evaluation related to character education.

This research aims to describe and analyse (1) Character Education Planning (2) Character education Implementation and (3) Character Education evaluation applied in Amanatul International Madrasah Ummah Pacet Mojokerto.

This study used a qualitative approach with this type of case study research. The data sources specified are MBI coordinator and co-ordinator representatives. Data collection using interview techniques, documentation, and observations. Data analysis consists of data reduction, data interpretation, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions. Validity of data using triangulation, and discussion between friends.

The results of the research in MBI Amanatul Ummah Pacet Mojokerto is 1) Character education planning is a) Grand idea covering the vision, Mission, foundation of establishment, commitment of Madrasah, 7 keys to the success of students and the purpose of future students, B) Pre working meeting, c) work meeting. 2) Implementation of character education is a) coaching new learners B) Program Coaching and Development talents C) Program coaching organization students D) program Coaching E) The annual agenda of the Madrasah F) Implementation of the curriculum program Muis g) program Implementation Kepesantrenan 3) Evaluation of character education consists of a) evaluation takes place on the spot or directly on the scene B) direct evaluation by teachers in Class C) weekly evaluation conducted by functionaries and homeroom. d) monthly evaluation e) annual evaluation F) evaluation based on input, criticism, and advice from both students, students and the local community.
Aplicaciones del Láser de baja potencia en Odontología Pediátrica: Artículo de revisión
Authors: Angeles Maslucan Romy Janet , Camarena Crisóstomo Angela , Martínez Ochante Paola Mariel , Alburquerque Stephany Del Carmen , Gálvez Cubas Meliza Lizbeth , Cárdenas Flores Cárol Magaly
Published: July 2021

Aim: to identify and systematize information of greater relevance in the use of Low Power Lasers (LLLT) in various pediatric dentistry treatments. Methodology: Electronic databases (Medline, Scielo, Scopus, Pubmed, Elsevier and other non-indexed citations) were reviewed, from January 2014 to December 2020. Papers written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, full text available using the keywords: Low power laser, pediatric dentistry laser and photobiomodulation. A total of 65 articles were obtained which were analyzed and selected by a master expert in laser therapy, 46 articles were accepted. Results: The application of the low power laser constitutes a tool for the diagnosis of dental caries. In addition, it allows the resolution of signs and symptoms in oral pathologies. In pulp therapies, success rates greater than 95% are shown. Photobiomodulation in pediatric patients is effective as a preventive to chemotherapy treatment. The application of a low-power laser with methylene blue reduces the total of Streptococcus mutans. The combination of low-power laser and varnish has a good desensitizing action on teeth with MIH, it is effective in reducing pain at the TMJ level in children. Conclusions: The low-power laser is a therapeutic alternative in pediatric patients, showing rapid control of inflammation, pain, accelerating cellular repair processes and it is silent. It is effective in the diagnosis of enamel caries (DIAGNOdent) and dentin (CarieScan pro).
Autophagy-Related LC3 Accumulation Interacted Directly With LIR Containing RIPK1 and RIPK3, Stimulating Necroptosis in Hypoxic Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Huang Yao , Feng Yanhai , Cui Lin , Yang Lei , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Junhui , Jiang Xupin , Zhang Xingyue , Lv Yanling , Jia Jie-Zhi , Zhang Dong-Xia , Huang Yue-Sheng
Published: July 2021

The exact relationships and detailed mechanisms between autophagy and necroptosis remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated the link between accumulated autophagosome and necroptosis by intervening with autophagic flux. We first confirmed that the LC3 interacting region (LIR) domain is present in the protein sequences of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Mutual effects among LC3, RIPK1, and RIPK3 have been identified in myocardium and cardiomyocytes. Direct LC3-RIPK1 and LC3-RIPK3 interactions were confirmed by pull-down assays, and their interactions were deleted after LIR domain mutation. Moreover, after disrupting autophagic flux under normoxia with bafilomycin A1 treatment, or with LC3 or ATG5 overexpression adenovirus, RIPK1, RIPK3, p-RIPK3, and p-MLKL levels increased, suggesting necroptosis activation. Severe disruptions in autophagic flux were observed under hypoxia and bafilomycin A1 co-treated cardiomyocytes and myocardium and led to more significant activation of necroptosis. Conversely, after alleviating hypoxia-induced autophagic flux impairment with LC3 or ATG5 knockdown adenovirus, the effects of hypoxia on RIPK1 and RIPK3 levels were reduced, which resulted in decreased p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL. Furthermore, necroptosis was inhibited by siRNAs against RIPK1 and RIPK3 under hypoxia or normoxia. Based on our results, LIR domain mediated LC3-RIPK1 and LC3-RIPK3 interaction. Besides, autophagosome accumulation under hypoxia lead to necrosome formation and, in turn, necroptosis, while when autophagic flux was uninterrupted, RIPK1 and RIPK3 were cleared through an autophagy-related pathway which inhibited necroptosis. These findings provide novel insights for the role of LC3 in regulating cardiomyocyte necroptosis, indicating its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of hypoxic myocardial injury and other hypoxia-related diseases.
Cellular Basis of Organotin(IV) Derivatives as Anticancer Metallodrugs: A Review
Authors: Syed Annuar Sharifah Nadhira , Kamaludin Nurul Farahana , Awang Normah , Chan Kok Meng
Published: July 2021

Organotin(IV) compounds have wide applications in industrial and agricultural fields owing to their ability to act as poly(vinyl chloride) stabilizers and catalytic agents as well as their medicinal properties. Moreover, organotin(IV) compounds may have applications as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, or antimicrobial agents based on the observation of synergistic effects following the binding of their respective ligands, resulting in the enhancement of their biological activities. In this review, we describe the antiproliferative activities of organotin(IV) compounds in various human cancer cell lines based on different types of ligands. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which organotin(IV) compounds induce cell death via apoptosis through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Finally, we present the mechanisms of cell cycle arrest induced by organotin(IV) compounds. Our report provides a basis for studies of the antitumor activities of organotin(IV) compounds and highlights the potential applications of these compounds as anticancer metallodrugs with low toxicity and few side effects.
Complex Human-Shark Conflicts Confound Conservation Action
Authors: Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Heupel Michelle R. , Kendal Dave
Published: July 2021

Human-wildlife conflicts are a growing phenomenon globally as human populations expand and wildlife interactions become more commonplace. While these conflicts have been well-defined in terrestrial systems, marine forms are less well-understood. As concerns grow for the future of many shark species it is becoming clear that a key to conservation success lies in changing human behaviors in relation to sharks. However, human-shark conflicts are multidimensional, each with different ecological, social and economic implications. Sharks have functional roles as occasional predators of humans and competitors with humans for fish stocks. In addition, and unlike most terrestrial predators, sharks are also important prey species for humans, being a source of animal protein and other products taken in fisheries. These functional roles are complex and often inter-dependent which can lead to multiple kinds of conflict. Shark management for conservation and human safety is also leading to conflict between different groups of people with different values and beliefs, demonstrating that human wildlife conflict can be a proxy for human-human conflict in the marine domain. Sharks are iconic species in society, being both feared and revered. As such human beliefs, attitudes and perceptions play key roles that underpin much human-shark conflict and future work to understanding these will contribute significantly to solutions that reduce conflict and hence improve conservation outcomes.
A Novel Rat Model of Cardiac Donation After Circulatory Death Combined With Normothermic ex situ Heart Perfusion
Authors: Li Jiale , Xue Chuqing , Ling Xiao , Xie Yu , Pavan Desai , Chen Huimin , Peng Qinbao , Lin Shaoyan , Li Kunsheng , Zheng Shaoyi , Zhou Pengyu
Published: July 2021

Background: In heart transplantation, the adoption of hearts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) is considered to be a promising approach to expanding the donor pool. Normothermic ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP) is emerging as a novel preservation strategy for DCD hearts. Therefore, pre-clinical animal models of ESHP are essential to address some key issues before efficient clinical translation. We aim to develop a novel, reproducible, and economical rat model of DCD protocol combined with normothermic ESHP.

Methods: Circulatory death of the anesthetized rats in the DCD group was declared when systolic blood pressure below 30 mmHg or asystole was observed after asphyxiation. Additional 15 min of standoff period was allowed to elapse. After perfusion of cold cardioplegia, the DCD hearts were excised and perfused with allogenic blood-based perfusate at constant flow for 90 min in the normothermic ESHP system. Functional assessment and blood gas analysis were performed every 30 min during ESHP. The alteration of DCD hearts submitted to different durations of ESHP (30, 60, and 90 min) in oxidative stress, apoptosis, tissue energy state, inflammatory response, histopathology, cell swelling, and myocardial infarction during ESHP was evaluated. Rats in the non-DCD group were treated similarly but not exposed to warm ischemia and preserved by the normothermic ESHP system for 90 min.

Results: The DCD hearts showed compromised function at the beginning of ESHP and recovered over time, while non-DCD hearts presented better cardiac function during ESHP. The alteration of DCD hearts in oxidative stress, apoptosis, tissue energy state, histopathological changes, cell swelling, and inflammatory response didn't differ among different durations of ESHP. At the end of 90-min ESHP, DCD, and non-DCD hearts presented similarly in apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, myocardial infarction, and histopathological changes. Moreover, the DCD hearts had lower energy storage and more evident cell swelling compared to the non-DCD hearts.

Conclusion: We established a reproducible, clinically relevant, and economical rat model of DCD protocol combined with normothermic ESHP, where the DCD hearts can maintain a stable state during 90-min ESHP.
A Novel Germline Compound Heterozygous Mutation of BRCA2 Gene Associated With Familial Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors in Two Siblings
Authors: Yang Yeran , Chen Jiwei , Qin Hong , Jin Yaqiong , Zhang Li , Yang Shen , Wang Huanmin , Fu Libing , Hong Enyu , Yu Yongbo , Lu Jie , Chang Yan , Ni Xin , Xu Min , Shi Tieliu , Guo Yongli
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To investigate the genetic variants that are responsible for peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs) oncogenesis in one family case.

Materials and Methods

One family was recruited, including the healthy parents, sister affected by neuroblastoma (NB), and brother who suffered from ganglioneuroma (GN). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of germline DNA from all the family members and RNA-seq of tumor RNA from the siblings were performed. Mutants were validated by Sanger sequencing and co-IP was performed to assess the impact of the mutant on chemosensitivity in the SH-SY5Y cell line.

Results

A novel compound heterozygous mutation ofBRCA2was locked as the cause of carcinogenesis. One allele was BRCA2-S871X (stop-gain) from the siblings’ mother, the other was BRCA2-N372H (missense) from their father. This novel compound heterozygous mutations of theBRCA2gene associated with PNTs by disordering DNA damage and response (DDR) signal pathway. Moreover, chemosensitivity was reduced in the NB cell line due to the BRCA2-N372H mutant.

Conclusion

In summary, these results revealed a novel germline compound heterozygous mutation of theBRCA2gene associated with familial PNTs.
Genetic Modulation of Initial Sensitivity to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Among the BXD Family of Mice
Authors: Parks Cory , Rogers Chris M. , Prins Pjotr , Williams Robert W. , Chen Hao , Jones Byron C. , Moore Bob M. , Mulligan Megan K.
Published: July 2021

Cannabinoid receptor 1 activation by the major psychoactive component in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), produces motor impairments, hypothermia, and analgesia upon acute exposure. In previous work, we demonstrated significant sex and strain differences in acute responses to THC following administration of a single dose (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice. To determine the extent to which these differences are heritable, we quantified acute responses to a single dose of THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in males and females from 20 members of the BXD family of inbred strains derived by crossing and inbreeding B6 and D2 mice. Acute THC responses (initial sensitivity) were quantified as changes from baseline for: 1. spontaneous activity in the open field (mobility), 2. body temperature (hypothermia), and 3. tail withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus (antinociception). Initial sensitivity to the immobilizing, hypothermic, and antinociceptive effects of THC varied substantially across the BXD family. Heritability was highest for mobility and hypothermia traits, indicating that segregating genetic variants modulate initial sensitivity to THC. We identified genomic loci and candidate genes, including Ndufs2, Scp2, Rps6kb1 or P70S6K, Pde4d, and Pten, that may control variation in THC initial sensitivity. We also detected strong correlations between initial responses to THC and legacy phenotypes related to intake or response to other drugs of abuse (cocaine, ethanol, and morphine). Our study demonstrates the feasibility of mapping genes and variants modulating THC responses in the BXDs to systematically define biological processes and liabilities associated with drug use and abuse.
Construction of Mode of Action for Cadmium-Induced Renal Tubular Dysfunction Based on a Toxicity Pathway-Oriented Approach
Authors: Zhang Yangchun , Liu Ziqi , He Qianmei , Wu Fei , Xiao Yongmei , Chen Wen , Jin Yuan , Yu Dianke , Wang Qing
Published: July 2021

Although it is recognized that cadmium (Cd) causes renal tubular dysfunction, the mechanism of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity is not yet fully understood. Mode of action (MOA) is a developing tool for chemical risk assessment. To establish the mechanistic MOA of Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to obtain genomics data of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity, and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was applied for bioinformatics analysis. Based on the perturbed toxicity pathways during the process of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity, we established the MOA of Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction and assessed its confidence with the tailored Bradford Hill criteria. Bioinformatics analysis showed that oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell death were the probable key events (KEs). Assessment of the overall MOA of Cd-induced renal tubular dysfunction indicated a moderate confidence, and there are still some evidence gaps to be filled by rational experimental designs.
Aqueous Triple-Phase System in Microwell Array for Generating Uniform-Sized DNA Hydrogel Particles
Authors: Masukawa Marcos Kunihiro , Okuda Yukiko , Takinoue Masahiro
Published: July 2021

DNA hydrogels are notable for their biocompatibility and ability to incorporate DNA information and computing properties into self-assembled micrometric structures. These hydrogels are assembled by the thermal gelation of DNA motifs, a process which requires a high salt concentration and yields polydisperse hydrogel particles, thereby limiting their application and physicochemical characterization. In this study, we demonstrate that single, uniform DNA hydrogel particles can form inside aqueous/aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) assembled in a microwell array. In this process, uniform dextran droplets are formed in a microwell array inside a microfluidic device. The dextran droplets, which contain DNA motifs, are isolated from each other by an immiscible PEG solution containing magnesium ions and spermine, which enables the DNA hydrogel to undergo gelation. Upon thermal annealing of the device, we observed the formation of an aqueous triple-phase system in which uniform DNA hydrogel particles (the innermost aqueous phase) resided at the interface of the aqueous two-phase system of dextran and PEG. We expect ATPS microdroplet arrays to be used to manufacture other hydrogel microparticles and DNA/dextran/PEG aqueous triple-phase systems to serve as a highly parallel model for artificial cells and membraneless organelles.
Construction of Circulating MicroRNAs-Based Non-invasive Prediction Models of Recurrent Implantation Failure by Network Analysis
Authors: Chen Peigen , Li Tingting , Guo Yingchun , Jia Lei , Wang Yanfang , Fang Cong
Published: July 2021

Background

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is an obstacle in the process of assisted reproductive technology (ART). At present, there is limited research on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods.

Methods and Results

In this study, a series of analytical tools were used to analyze differences in miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs in the endometrium of patients in a RIF group and a control group. Then the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was built to describe the relationship between gene regulation in the endometrium of the RIF group. Based on the results of the logistic regression of co-expression miRNAs between serum and endometrial samples, we built a predictive model based on circulating miRNAs.

Conclusion

The stability and non-invasiveness of the circular miRNA prediction model provided a new method for diagnosis in RIF patients.
Gene Expression Meta-Analysis Reveals Interferon-Induced Genes Associated With SARS Infection in Lungs
Authors: Park Amber , Harris Laura K.
Published: July 2021

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) corona virus (CoV) infections are a serious public health threat because of their pandemic-causing potential. This work is the first to analyze mRNA expression data from SARS infections through meta-analysis of gene signatures, possibly identifying therapeutic targets associated with major SARS infections.

Methods

This work defines 37 gene signatures representing SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV2 infections in human lung cultures and/or mouse lung cultures or samples and compares them through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To do this, positive and negative infectious clone SARS (icSARS) gene panels are defined from GSEA-identified leading-edge genes between two icSARS-CoV derived signatures, both from human cultures. GSEA then is used to assess enrichment and identify leading-edge icSARS panel genes between icSARS gene panels and 27 other SARS-CoV gene signatures. The meta-analysis is expanded to include five MERS-CoV and three SARS-CoV2 gene signatures. Genes associated with SARS infection are predicted by examining the intersecting membership of GSEA-identified leading-edges across gene signatures.

Results

Significant enrichment (GSEA p<0.001) is observed between two icSARS-CoV derived signatures, and those leading-edge genes defined the positive (233 genes) and negative (114 genes) icSARS panels. Non-random significant enrichment (null distribution p<0.001) is observed between icSARS panels and all verification icSARSvsmock signatures derived from human cultures, from which 51 over- and 22 under-expressed genes are shared across leading-edges with 10 over-expressed genes already associated with icSARS infection. For the icSARSvsmock mouse signature, significant, non-random significant enrichment held for only the positive icSARS panel, from which nine genes are shared with icSARS infection in human cultures. Considering other SARS strains, significant, non-random enrichment (p<0.05) is observed across signatures derived from other SARS strains for the positive icSARS panel. Five positive icSARS panel genes, CXCL10, OAS3, OASL, IFIT3, and XAF1, are found across mice and human signatures regardless of SARS strains.

Conclusion

The GSEA-based meta-analysis approach used here identifies genes with and without reported associations with SARS-CoV infections, highlighting this approach’s predictability and usefulness in identifying genes that have potential as therapeutic targets to preclude or overcome SARS infections.
Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: Mechanisms and Future Directions
Authors: Hao Yan , Zhu Ya-juan , Zou Song , Zhou Pei , Hu Ya-wen , Zhao Qi-xiang , Gu Lin-na , Zhang Hao-zhou , Wang Zhen , Li Jiong
Published: July 2021

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease with associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) which contributes substantially to premature mortality in patients with psoriasis. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are unclear. Studies have shown that the pathological parameters of psoriasis mediate the development of MetS. We reviewed the potential mechanisms which mediate the association between psoriasis and MetS, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine releases, excess production of reactive oxygen species, alterations in adipocytokine levels and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we highlight important research questions regarding this association and offer insights into MetS research and treatment.
Impact of Extreme Disturbances on Suspended Sediment in Western Florida Bay: Implications for Seagrass Resilience
Authors: Rodemann Jonathan R. , James W. Ryan , Santos Rolando O. , Furman Bradley T. , Fratto Zachary W. , Bautista Valentina , Lara Hernandez Jan , Viadero Natasha M. , Linenfelser Joshua O. , Lacy Lulu A. , Hall Margaret O. , Kelble Christopher R. , Kavanagh Christopher , Rehage Jennifer S.
Published: July 2021

Seagrasses are threatened worldwide due to anthropogenic and natural disturbances disrupting the multiple feedbacks needed to maintain these ecosystems. If the disturbance is severe enough, seagrass systems may undergo a regime shift to a degraded system state that is resistant to recovery. In Florida Bay, Florida, United States, two recent, large-scale disturbances (a drought-induced seagrass die-off in 2015 and Hurricane Irma in 2017) have caused 8,777 ha of seagrass beds to degrade into a turbid, unvegetated state, causing a large sediment plume. Using satellite imagery digitization and long-term seagrass cover data, we investigate the expansion of this sediment plume between 2008 and 2020 and the potential interaction of this sediment plume with seagrass recovery in two focal basins in Florida Bay affected by the die-off, Johnson and Rankin. The average size of the sediment plume increased by 37% due to the die-off and Hurricane Irma, increasing from an average of 163.5 km2 before the disturbances to an average of 223.5 km2. The expansion of the plume was basin-specific, expanding into Johnson after the 2015 seagrass die-off with expansive and long-lasting effects, but only expanding into Rankin after Hurricane Irma with less severe and short-term effects. Furthermore, the sediment plume was negatively correlated with seagrass cover in Johnson, but held no relationship with seagrass cover in Rankin. Thus, different disturbances can act upon seagrass ecosystems at varying scales with varying consequences. This study illustrates the advantage of combining satellite imagery with field data to monitor disturbances as well as highlights the importance of investigating disturbances of seagrass ecosystems at various scales to comprehend seagrass resilience in the context of future extreme events.
Mapping Global Research on Ocean Literacy: Implications for Science, Policy, and the Blue Economy
Authors: Paredes-Coral Evelyn , Mokos Melita , Vanreusel Ann , Deprez Tim
Published: July 2021

In recent years, ocean literacy has become a global movement that connects the human dimension to the ocean and intends to be an incentive for positive change in people’s behavior. As multiple initiatives on ocean literacy have arisen, a comprehensive understanding of this topic is required to better engage the broader society. In the present study, we applied a combination of bibliometric analysis and science mapping to a dataset of scientific publications on ocean literacy between 2005 and 2019, obtained from Web of Science and Scopus databases. In order to represent the development of the field, analyze the level of collaborations and uncover its thematic areas, we first used bibliometric analyses to describe the field’s main features, including indicators of growth and research collaboration. We then used science mapping techniques to build collaboration networks among countries and institutions, and to identify research communities. Lastly, we performed co-word analysis to reveal the underlying thematic areas and their evolution. Our results reveal a slow-growing number of publications and a promising trend for collaboration among authors, countries and institutions. Education and science were identified as the two major thematic areas on ocean literacy showing that, over time, issues related to these themes have gained more attention among researchers. These findings confirm that ocean literacy is gaining more acknowledgment within the scientific community but still faces considerable limitations to its dissemination in sectors like the blue economy and in regions such as Latin America and Africa. Promoting cross-institutional and cross-disciplinary cooperation among research institutions, marine education networks and the industry is critical to support this purposeful movement and represents an urgent challenge.
The Internal Microenvironment of the Symbiotic Jellyfish Cassiopea sp. From the Red Sea
Authors: Arossa Silvia , Barozzi Alan , Callegari Matteo , Klein Shannon G. , Parry Anieka J. , Hung Shiou-Han , Steckbauer Alexandra , Aranda Manuel , Daffonchio Daniele , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: July 2021

The characterization of the internal microenvironment of symbiotic marine invertebrates is essential for a better understanding of the symbiosis dynamics. Microalgal symbionts (of the family: Symbiodiniaceae) influence diel fluctuations of in host O2 and pH conditions through their metabolic activities (i.e., photosynthesis and respiration). These variations may play an important role in driving oxygen budgets and energy demands of the holobiont and its responses to climate change. In situ measurements using microsensors were used to resolve the O2 and pH diel fluctuations in the oral arms of non-calcifying cnidarian model species Cassiopea sp. (the “upside-down jellyfish”), which has an obligatory association with Symbiodiniaceae. Before sunrise, the internal O2 and pH levels were substantially lower than those in ambient seawater conditions (minimum average levels: 61.92 ± 5.06 1SE μmol O2 L–1 and 7.93 ± 0.02 1SE pH units, respectively), indicating that conditions within Cassiopea’s oral arms were acidified and hypoxic relative to the surrounding seawater. Measurements performed during the afternoon revealed hyperoxia (maximum average levels: 546.22 ± 16.45 1SE μmol O2 L–1) and internal pH similar to ambient levels (8.61 ± 0.02 1SE pH units). The calculated gross photosynthetic rates of Cassiopea sp. were 0.04 ± 0.013 1SE nmol cm–2 s–1 in individuals collected at night and 0.08 ± 0.02 1SE nmol cm–2 s–1 in individuals collected during the afternoon.
The Marine Endophytic Polyamine-Producing Streptomyces mutabilis UAE1 Isolated From Extreme Niches in the Arabian Gulf Promotes the Performance of Mangrove (Avicennia marina) Seedlings Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: El-Tarabily Khaled A. , Ramadan Gaber A. , Elbadawi Alaa A. , Hassan Amira H. , Tariq Saeed , Ghazal Eman W. , Abo Gamar Mohammad I. , AbuQamar Synan F.
Published: July 2021

Mangrove forests in the Arabian Gulf are under continuous threat. To increase plantations of gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), 27 endophytic actinobacterial isolates obtained from mangrove roots were in vitro pre-screened to detect the polyamines (PAs) [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)]. We also determined the abilities of the endophytic PA-producing actinobacterial isolates in enhancing the growth of A. marina under greenhouse conditions. Although three highly PA-producing isolates were recovered from inside mangrove root tissues, Streptomyces mutabilis UAE1 constantly colonized root and stem inner tissues for 12 weeks, suggesting an endophytic association between this actinobacterial isolate and mangrove seedlings. When roots were inoculated with S. mutabilis, mangrove growth was remarkably enhanced under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. This was evident from the significant (P < 0.05) increases in dry weight and length of root (66.7 and 65.5%, respectively) and shoot (64.8 and 58.0%, respectively), number of branches (64.3%), total leaf area (40.2%), and photosynthetic pigments (54.5% chlorophyll a; 40.0% chlorophyll b; and 53.1% carotenoids) of mangrove compared to the PA-non-producing Streptomyces sp. or control treatment. Growth promotion in plants treated with S. mutabilis was also supported by significant (P < 0.05) elevations in the contents of mangrove in planta PAs, auxins, and cytokinins, accompanied by a decrease in abscisic acid levels. No difference was, however, detected in growth and amounts of PAs or any plant growth regulators (PGRs) in plants treated with or without the PA-non-producing isolate. Our findings indicate that plant growth parameters can be enhanced as a consequence of secretion of Put, Spd, and Spm by S. mutabilis resulting in regulation of endogenous PAs and other PGRs in mangrove tissues. This study is the first record that aims to improve sustainable agricultural management practices using plant growth promoting (PGP) actinobacteria, endophytic in mangrove tissues to promote mangrove growth under greenhouse conditions. Such research may allow this region to be a model to study the synergistic S. mutabilis–mangrove interactions and the future impacts on mangrove reforestation in the Arabian Gulf and elsewhere where mangrove forests are in threat.
Use of Psychotropic “Pro Re Nata” Medications by Patients Attending the Outpatient Clinic in a Hospital: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Rajiah Kingston , Maharajan Mari Kannan , Ramaya Hemawathi , Wan Ab Rahman Wan Nur Asyiken
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Administration of psychotropic pro re nata (PRN) medications is influenced by diverse factors such as legal use of PRN medications, the attitude of patients, personal bias, and stigma toward such medication use. While PRN prescriptions increase the efficiency of care and encourage patients to participate in self-care, the use of psychotropic PRN medications by outpatients has raised concerns about its risks of harm, especially for the outpatients. This study explored the use of psychotropic PRN medications by patients attending the outpatient clinic in a hospital.

Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted. Purposeful sampling was done to achieve cases with enriched information. Participants were chosen regardless of their ethnicity and were selected using the database and patient records in the clinic. Patients 18 years of age prescribed PRN psychotropic medications attending outpatient clinics in a hospital were included. Vulnerable patients (e.g., pregnant ladies, prisoners, cognitively impaired individual, AIDS/HIV subjects, and terminally ill subjects) were excluded.

Results: This study revealed the patients' perspectives and experiences on self-management of psychotropic PRN medications. The themes that emerged were clustered as education and background, knowledge on psychotropic medications, frequency of medication intake, underuse of medication, the overdose of medication, side effects concern, source of information, and personal experience.

Conclusions: Patients' understanding of medication, inappropriate medication use, cues to action, and use of alternatives are the factors that affected the self-management of psychotropic PRN medications by the patients.
Mortality and Clinical Interventions in Critically ill Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qian Zhicheng , Lu Shuya , Luo Xufei , Chen Yaolong , Liu Ling
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to summarize the current existing evidence on the outcome of critically ill patients with COVID-19 as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical interventions.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, the China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from their inception to May 15, 2021. The search strings consisted of various search terms related to the concepts of mortality of critically ill patients and clinical interventions.

Study Selection: After eliminating duplicates, two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts first, and then the full texts of potentially relevant articles were reviewed to identify cohort studies and case series that focus on the mortality of critically ill patients and clinical interventions.

Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19. The secondary outcomes included all sorts of supportive care.

Results: There were 27 cohort studies and six case series involving 42,219 participants that met our inclusion criteria. All-cause mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 35% and mortality in hospital was 32% in critically ill patients with COVID-19 for the year 2020, with very high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 97%; p < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis, the mortality during ICU hospitalization in China was 39%, in Asia—except for China—it was 48%, in Europe it was 34%, in America it was 15%, and in the Middle East it was 39%. Non-surviving patients who had an older age [−8.10, 95% CI (−9.31 to −6.90)], a higher APACHE II score [−4.90, 95% CI (−6.54 to −3.27)], a higher SOFA score [−2.27, 95% CI (−2.95 to −1.59)], and a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio [34.77, 95% CI (14.68 to 54.85)] than those who survived. Among clinical interventions, invasive mechanical ventilation [risk ratio (RR) 0.49, 95% CI (0.39–0.61)], kidney replacement therapy [RR 0.34, 95% CI (0.26–0.43)], and vasopressor [RR 0.54, 95% CI (0.34–0.88)] were used more in surviving patients.

Conclusions: Mortality was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on low-quality evidence and regional difference that existed. The early identification of critical characteristics and the use of support care help to indicate the outcome of critically ill patients.
Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Opportunity for Precision Medicine in Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Carnino Jonathan M. , Hao Kwok Zhi , Jin Yang
Published: July 2021

Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound nanoparticles secreted by cells which play a well-known role in cell to cell communication. The most update to date nomenclature categorizes extracellular vesicles based on their relative size, protein markers, and/or the cell type of origin. Extracellular vesicles can be isolated from biological fluids using a variety of methods, including but not limited to, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, precipitation-based methods, and immunoaffinity capture. These nanovesicles carry distinct “cargo,” made up of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and protein, which is delivered to nearby target cells. The “cargo” profile carried by extracellular vesicles is critical in their role of communication and resembles the physiological status of the cell they originated from. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on the miRNA cargo. Extracellular vesicle-miRNA profiles hold the potential to be used in diagnostic panels for a variety of diseases through a novel method known as “liquid biopsy.” In addition to this, extracellular vesicles may serve as a potential method to deliver drugs to specific cells within the body. This mini-review provides background into what extracellular vesicles are, methods of isolating these nanoparticles, their potential use as a biomarker and drug delivery system for precision medicine, and a summary of the current literature covering the role of some extracellular vesicle-cargo's in various pulmonary diseases.