bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during postharvest cold storage of Marsh and Star Ruby grapefruits
Authors: Lado Joanna , Rodrigo María Jesús , Zacarías Lorenzo
Published: October 2014

Grapefruits are among the citrus species more sensitive to cold and develop chilling injury symptoms during prolonged postharvest storage at temperatures lower than 8 ℃–10 ℃. The plant hormone ethylene has been described either to protect or potentiate chilling injury development in citrus whereas little is known about transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, perception and response during cold storage and how the hormone is regulating its own perception and signaling cascade. Then, the objective of the present study was to explore the transcriptional changes in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis, receptors and response genes during cold storage of the white Marsh and the red Star Ruby grapefruits. The effect of the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-MCP, was evaluated to investigate the involvement of ethylene in the regulation of the genes of its own biosynthesis and perception pathway. Ethylene production was very low at the harvest time in fruits of both varieties and experienced only minor changes during storage. By contrast, inhibition of ethylene perception by 1-MCP markedly induced ethylene production, and this increase was highly stimulated during shelf-life at 20 ℃, as well as transcription of ACS and ACO. These results support the auto-inhibitory regulation of ethylene in grapefruits, which acts mainly at the transcriptional level of ACS and ACO genes. Moreover, ethylene receptor1 and ethylene receptor3 were induced by cold while no clear role of ethylene was observed in the induction of ethylene receptors. However, ethylene appears to be implicated in the transcriptional regulation of ERFs both under cold storage and shelf-life.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Vázquez-Sánchez Daniel , Cabo Marta L , Rodríguez-Herrera Juan J
Published: October 2014

The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of essential oils to remove the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus from food-processing facilities. The effectiveness of 19 essential oils against planktonic cells of S. aureus was firstly assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration. Planktonic cells showed a wide variability in resistance to essential oils, with thyme oil as the most effective, followed by lemongrass oil and then vetiver oil. The eight essential oils most effective against planktonic cells were subsequently tested against 48-h-old biofilms formed on stainless steel. All essential oils reduced significantly ( p < 0.01) the number of viable biofilm cells, but none of them could remove biofilms completely. Thyme and patchouli oils were the most effective, but high concentrations were needed to achieve logarithmic reductions over 4 log CFU/cm2 after 30 min exposure. Alternatively, the use of sub-lethal doses of thyme oil allowed to slow down biofilm formation and to enhance the efficiency of thyme oil and benzalkonium chloride against biofilms. However, some cellular adaptation to thyme oil was detected. Therefore, essential oil-based treatments should be based on the rotation and combination of different essential oils or with other biocides to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.
Deficit irrigation strategies combined with controlled atmosphere preserve quality in early peaches
Authors: Falagán Natalia , Artés Francisco , Gómez Perla A , Artés-Hernández Francisco , Conejero Wenceslao , Aguayo Encarna
Published: October 2014

Due to the water scarcity in the Mediterranean countries, irrigation must be optimized while keeping fruit quality. The effect of deficit irrigation strategies on changes in quality parameters of the early “Flordastar” peaches was studied. The deficit irrigation was programmed according to signal intensity of the maximum daily trunk shrinkage; deficit irrigation plants were irrigated to maintain maximum daily trunk shrinkage signal intensity values close to 1.4 or 1.3 in the case of DI1 or DI2 plants, respectively. Results were compared to a control watered at 150% crop evapotranspiration. Fruits were stored up to 14 days at 0 ℃ and 95% Relative Humidity (RH) in air or in controlled atmosphere (controlled atmosphere; 3–4 kPa O2 and 12–14 kPa CO2), followed by a retail sale period of 4 days at 15 ℃ and 90–95% Relative Humidity in air. Weight losses were lower in controlled atmosphere stored peaches from deficit irrigation. Air-stored fruits developed a more intense red color due to a faster ripening, which was not affected by the type of watering. At harvest, deficit irrigation peaches showed higher soluble solids content, which provided a better sensory evaluation. The soluble phenolic content was initially higher (55.26 ± 0.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight) and more stable throughout postharvest life in DI1 fruits than in those from the other irrigation treatments. Concerning vitamin C, control fruits at harvest showed higher ascorbic acid than dehydroascorbic acid content (5.43 versus 2.43 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively), while water stressed peaches showed the opposite results. The combination of DI2 and controlled atmosphere storage allowed saving a significant amount of water and provided peaches with good overall quality, maintaining the bioactive compounds analyzed.
Time series analysis and risk assessment of domestic radon: Data collected in dwellings along fault lines
Authors: Shafique Bilal , Kearfott Kimberlee J. , Tareen Aleem Dad Khan , Rafique Muhammad , Aziz Wajid , Naeem Syed F.
Published: October 2014

Indoor radon-in-air (IR) concentrations in dwellings situated on a fault line passing underneath Muzaffarabad City were measured with a continuous radon monitor. Measurements were taken at half an hour intervals at 11 sites for 48 h. The values ranged from 14 ± 1 to 155 ± 4 Bq.m− 3 with an average value of 42 ± 2 Bq.m−3. The geometric mean (GM), standard deviation (STD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were 32 ± 2, 40.2 ± 0.8 and 1.5 Bq.m−3, respectively. Annual mean effective doses ranged between 0.35 ± 0.03 and 3.9 ± 0.1 mSv.y−1 with an overall mean value 1.05 ± 0.05 mSv.y−1. The experimental data were analysed by comparing algorithms to extract phase space dynamical information in the radon time series. Such approaches are potentially useful for deriving methods of extrapolation of short-term measurements to annualized average predictions and for earthquake detection. The computed values for Hurst exponent (H) from the rescaled range analysis and the Lyapunov exponent (L) provided estimates of the degree of chaotic regime. The Hurst exponent (0.877) for the radon time series indicates that the radon time series is a persistent time series. The value of Lyapunov exponent (0.0021) shows deterministic chaos in the data. The permutation entropy value was 0.6894 reflecting the irregularity in IR time series. The value of entropy obtained confirmed that the predictability of the IR time series is restricted to approximately one time step into the future. The mean value of IR concentrations corresponds to excess relative risks (ERR) of radon-induced lung cancer for 35- and 55-year-olds at all sites of 0.25 ± 0.01 and 0.205 ± 0.01, respectively. The observed 48-h average level (42 ± 2 Bq.m−3) was less than those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) (100 Bq.m−3), US Environmental Protection Agency (148 Bq.m−3) and Health Protection Agency, UK (200 Bq.m−3).
The Thoughts Questionnaire (TQ) for family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Sullivan Karen A , Beattie Elizabeth , Khawaja Nigar G , Wilz Gabriele , Cunningham Lauren
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To develop a new measure of dysfunctional thoughts for family caregivers of people living with dementia. These thoughts can contribute to negative outcomes, but they may be modifiable.

Method

A stepwise process was used to develop the Thoughts Questionnaire, commencing with item generation, concept mapping, and pilot testing in a sample of professional and nonprofessional caregivers of people with dementia ( n = 18). Next, an independent sample of 35 family caregivers of people with dementia (30 female; Mage = 64.30, standard deviation = 10.65) completed: (a) the Thoughts Questionnaire; (b) an existing measure of dysfunctional thoughts, the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire; and (c) separate validated measures of depressive symptoms, caregiver stress, and coping, respectively.

Results

The level of agreement with dysfunctional thought statements from the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire and Thoughts Questionnaire was low. However, a small number of Thoughts Questionnaire statements were strongly endorsed by over 85% of the sample. Both dysfunctional thought measures had adequate reliability, but total scores were not significantly intercorrelated ( r = .287, p = .095). Only the Thoughts Questionnaire was significantly, positively correlated with most caregiver stress measures. Thoughts Questionnaire items required a much lower reading level than the Dementia Thoughts Caregivers Questionnaire items.

Discussion

This study provides preliminary data on a tool for assessing the negative role-related thoughts that family caregivers of people with dementia may experience. Given that these thoughts are implicated in depression but they may be modified, the capacity to identify dysfunctional thoughts may prove useful in caregiver support programs.
A revised interview for deterioration in daily living activities in dementia reveals the relationship between social activities and well-being
Authors: Giebel Clarissa M , Challis David J , Montaldi Daniela
Published: October 2014

Background:

The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living deteriorates early in dementia and affects people with dementia and their carers. However, little is known about individual instrumental activities of daily living impairments. This study therefore investigated instrumental activities of daily living deficits in mild dementia by exploring the relationship between instrumental activities of daily living initiative and performance and general cognition, people with dementia quality of life and carer stress. Moreover, this study explored the contribution of social instrumental activities of daily livings, which to date have received little or no attention.

Methods:

Twenty carers were administered a revised Interview for Deterioration for Daily Living Activities in Dementia and measures of carer stress (General Health Questionnaire-12) and quality of life in dementia (Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease). The people with dementia completed measures of general cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Data were analysed using frequency and bivariate correlation analyses and basic thematic analysis was employed to the qualitative data on carer stress.

Results:

Carer interviews showed that instrumental activities of daily living impairments were associated more with performance than with initiative deficits. Increased social isolation and reluctance to engage in hobbies were particularly stressful to carers and impacted negatively on the people with dementia quality of life, yet were not reported as critical in the qualitative assessment.

Conclusions:

This study shows that people with mild dementia are impaired to different degrees on their initiative and performance of instrumental activities of daily livings and that impairments relating to social activities particularly relate to well-being. The revised Interview for Deterioration for Daily Living Activities in Dementia with its social instrumental activities of daily livings can help shift the focus of interventions to address those activities that are frequently impaired in mild dementia and relate to people with dementia and carer well-being.
Sleep-disordered breathing, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Seetho Ian W , Wilding John PH
Published: October 2014

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a spectrum of conditions that can lead to altered sleep homeostasis. In particular, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common form of SDB and is associated with adverse cardiometabolic manifestations including hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, ultimately increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological basis of these associations may relate to repeated intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep episodes that characterize OSA which drive further mechanisms with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. The associations of OSA with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been described in studies ranging from epidemiological and observational studies to controlled trials investigating the effects of OSA therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In recent years, there have been rising prevalence rates of diabetes and obesity worldwide. Given the established links between SDB (in particular OSA) with both conditions, understanding the potential influence of OSA on the components of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes and the underlying mechanisms by which such interactions may contribute to metabolic dysregulation are important in order to effectively and holistically manage patients with SDB, type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. In this article, we review the literature describing the associations, the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and the effects of interventions including CPAP treatment and weight loss.
Effect of fiber geometry and tenacity on the mechanical properties of fine aggregates concrete
Authors: Halvaei Mana , Jamshidi Masoud , Latifi Masoud
Published: October 2014

The effect of fiber cement interactions and its influence on flexural and tensile properties of cementitious composites are well known. In this research, acrylic fibers with different cross sectional and longitudinal shapes and different tensile strengths were selected as reinforcement of the specific fine aggregates concrete. Three point bending test, pullout test, and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate flexural and pullout behavior of the composites. It was found that flexural toughness and pullout strength were increased 20% and 34%, respectively, by application of kidney shaped acrylic fibers in comparison to dog bone shaped acrylic fibers. It was also found that the flexural and pullout strength of composites containing non-crimped fibers are 33% and 26.5% higher than specimens with crimped fibers, respectively. Results showed that the flexural toughness and pullout strength of high tenacity fiber is 75% and 131% higher than regular fiber as well, respectively. The effect of fine aggregates on the adhesion of fibers to cement matrix was evaluated.
Fabrication of electrospun polyamide-66 nanofiber layer for high-performance nanofiltration in clean room applications
Authors: Shahrabi Samaneh , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Latifi Masoud
Published: October 2014

Clean room is an environment in which the concentration of ambient particles is controlled in order to keep the number of particles in the room at a minimum level. Clean room garments should be capable of preventing the transmission of particles from a person to the ambience. Filtration properties, along with favorable breathability and elasticity, provide a strong reason for using these structures for clothing purposes in the clean room environment. In the present study, the polyamide-66 nanofiber layer was electrospun on Spunbond–Meltblown–Spunbond nonwoven substrate as coating in several time intervals. Consequently, the filtration test was conducted on two groups of particles. Dioctyl phthalate as uniform particles and atmospheric particles as nonuniform particles were used to evaluate the filtration efficiency of the nanofibrous filter. The statistical analysis showed that the filtration efficiency for dioctyl phthalate particles was less than atmospheric particles. Also, at longer coating time, the difference between efficiencies was at the lowest level. Air permeability and water vapor permeability were studied as components of garment thermal comfort specifications. Results of this study show that air permeability decreased and overall filtration efficiency of the produced layer was improved by increasing of coating time.
Application of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract as antimicrobial finish on aramid fabric
Authors: Yogendra Kumar MS , Raghu TS , Varghese FV , Indu Shekar R , Kotresh TM , Rajendran R , Murugesh Babu K , Padaki VC
Published: October 2014

In this study, we have extracted bioactive compounds from seabuckthorn (SBT) leaves. Total flavonoid content of SBT leaf extract estimated as rutin equivalent was found to be 116.98 ± 3.06 mg/g of extract. Further, we pre-treated aramid (Nomex IIIA) fabric with triethylene tetramine to increase the wickability of the fabric for better extract uptake. Surface etching on the amine treated fabric morphology was determined by scanning electron microscope analysis. Then, SBT leaf extract was coated using citric acid as cross-linking agent on to aramid fabric by pad-dry-cure method for improved wash durability. Universal attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared characterization of the SBT coated fabric showed distinct hydroxyl peak at 3305 cm−1, carbonyl peak at 1728 cm−1, and –C–O–C peak at 1083 cm−1. There was no significant difference in the char produced by SBT coated fabric and control samples as estimated using flammability tester. Antimicrobial activity of the SBT coated fabric was assessed by both qualitative (agar diffusion method) and quantitative (percentage reduction test) methods using test organisms. An inhibition zone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 10.2 mm and 12.3 mm, respectively, by agar diffusion method. Quantitative assessment by percentage reduction test showed a reduction percentage of 96.00% and 93.00% for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Results suggested that SBT might be a valuable ingredient for the development of antimicrobial aramid textiles.
The effect of dispersion technique, silver particle loading, and reduction method on the properties of polyacrylonitrile–silver composite nanofiber
Authors: Demirsoy Nesrin , Ucar Nuray , Onen Aysen , Karacan Ismail , Kizildag Nuray , Eren Olcay , Borazan İsmail
Published: October 2014

The effect of dispersion technique, reduction method, and the amount of silver nanoparticles on the properties of composite polyacrylonitrile nanofiber containing silver nanoparticles is analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, electrical conductivity, tensile testing, X-ray diffraction, and antimicrobial efficiency measurements.

Composite nanofibers reduced by hydrazine hydroxide result in smaller diameter, higher electrical conductivity, higher breaking strength, higher cyclization enthalpy than the samples reduced by xenon arc method. Reduction process results in smaller diameter and higher breaking strength than those of non-reduced nanofiber web containing AgNO3 nanoparticles. Dispersion by ultrasonic homogenizer/bath provides higher breaking strength, electrical conductivity than the samples dispersed by only magnetic stirrer. An increase of silver nanoparticle generally results in an increase of enthalpy, a decrease of both cyclization temperatures and crystallinity. While 1 wt% AgNO3 loading is suitable for high breaking strength, 3 wt% AgNO3 loading is suitable for both high electrical conductivity and antimicrobial properties. Insulator polyacrylonitrile polymer becomes a semiconducting material.
The Peripheral Sympathetic Neuron is Intact in Alzheimer’s Disease and Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Struhal Walter , Javor Andrija , Benesch Thomas , Vosko Milan R. , Ransmayr Gerhard
Published: October 2014

Introduction:

The study was undertaken to evaluate the postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor function employing the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) in tauopathies Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Methods:

Patients were recruited in a prospective pilot study. A structured history was taken and QSART was recorded.

Results:

In all, 15 patients with AD (7 female) and 14 patients with bvFTD (9 female) were included. Mean age (±standard deviation) of patients with AD and bvFTD was 74 ± 9 and 71 ± 10 years, respectively. Severe sudomotor dysfunction (Composite Autonomic Severity sudomotor score 3) was present in 3 (20%) patients with AD and 0 (0%) patients with bvFTD ( P = .037). The upper extremity was only involved in 1 patient with AD and 1 patient with bvFTD. Sweat results of the 4 recording sites did not differ between both groups. Patients’ history correlated with severe autonomic symptoms as assessed with QSART.

Conclusion:

Postganglionic sudomotor involvement in AD and bvFTD is most likely not part of the disease.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in an Elderly Patient With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Overlapping Corticobasal Degeneration
Authors: Isik Ahmet Turan , Soysal Pinar
Published: October 2014

In this case report, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in an elderly patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus overlapping corticobasal degeneration was reported. The case highlights the need for clinicians to be cautious when using dopaminergic medication in the elderly patients, since these agents have risks for NMS which is a life-threatening complication. Additionally, co-occurrence of primary and secondary parkinsonian dementia syndromes should be kept in mind to avoid additional complications in the elderly patients.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the cheek: An unusual presentation of a rare soft tissue tumour
Authors: Greenall CJ , Jones JL , Jones AV , Drage NA , Bhatia S , Hourihan MD
Published: October 2014

This case report discusses the unusual presentation and ultrasound features of a solitary fibrous tumour of the face. Solitary fibrous tumour is an uncommon form of soft tissue tumour which, although seen predominantly within the lung pleura, can occur throughout the body in sites such as the peritoneum, mediastinum and head and neck. Ultrasound is an excellent imaging modality in the assessment of soft tissue masses in the head and neck. The ultrasound features demonstrated by this example of solitary fibrous tumour are reviewed. This report also highlights that ultrasound alone is ultimately limited in reaching a definitive diagnosis. The roles of other investigations such as ultrasound-guided biopsy and cross-sectional imaging are discussed.
Exploring the potential for internet-based interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in college students
Authors: Schwartz Jennifer , Richardson Chris G.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

To assess the use of internet-enabled technology for seeking health information and resources in overweight/obese college students.

Participants:

College students ( N = 706) in Vancouver, Canada surveyed in April 2012.

Methods:

An online survey assessed socio-demographics, health behaviors, and use of internet-enabled technology.

Results:

Eating habits, dieting and/or exercising to lose weight, and weight satisfaction differed by weight status (all p < 0.05). Of overweight/obese participants, 48% reported they would use online student health resources. When seeking general health information, 91% would use websites; 45% would use online videos; and 75% trusted information from government or health organizations.

Conclusions:

Overweight/obesity is prevalent among college students. The majority of overweight/obese students reported trying to lose weight and would use the internet for health information, especially if a website is associated with a health organization. The internet is a cost-effective channel for screening coupled with the delivery of tailored, evidence-based interventions for college students.
Effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and food safety education program among primary and junior high school students in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhou Wen-jie , Xu Xiang-long , Li Ge , Sharma Manoj , Qie Ya-Ling , Zhao Yong
Published: October 2014

Background:

Health behavioral patterns, especially eating patterns, established in childhood often carry over into adulthood, and some of the unhealthy ones are later associated with adult morbidity and mortality. Recently, a few nutrition and food safety education programs have been implemented in primary and junior high schools in China.

Purpose:

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition and food safety education program among primary and junior high school students in China.

Methods:

A mixed study design incorporating an intervention study and a quantitative survey was conducted for this research. With stratified cluster sampling, students from the 5th and 6th grade in one primary school and the 7th and 8th grade in one junior high school in Chongqing, China, were all selected and separated randomly into an intervention group ( n = 501) and a control group ( n = 522). Effectiveness evaluation investigations were performed at the initial time and nine-month follow-up ( n = 472), respectively. Effectiveness of pre-/post-intervention and nine-month follow-up changes in scores of nutrition knowledge and food safety was assessed using a two-tailed t-test and analysis of variance.

Results:

Nutrition knowledge scores for the intervention group were mean 9.03, SD±2.75 at the baseline, and 14.70±3.28 after intervention. There was a significant improvement ( t = 29.78, p < 0.01). The nine-month follow-up knowledge scores of the intervention group were 12.35±2.89, which were lower than the immediately after the intervention group ( t = 12.40, p<0.01 ), but higher than those of the baseline level ( t = 18.04, p < 0.01). Food safety scores of the post-intervention were higher ( p < 0.01) than that of the control group in both pre-intervention and nine-month follow-up. The control group had no significant change in the pre-post intervention.

Conclusions:

It is feasible and effective to improve nutrition and food safety knowledge among primary and junior high school students through school-based nutrition and food safety education programs.
The Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Life Satisfaction Changes Depending on Stigmatized Status
Authors: Brandt Mark J. , Henry P. J. , Wetherell Geoffrey
Published: October 2014

Members of stigmatized social groups are typically more authoritarian than their nonstigmatized or higher status counterparts. We draw on research demonstrating that authoritarianism compensates for the negative effects of stigma to predict that this endorsement will be more psychologically beneficial (and less harmful) for the stigmatized compared to their high-status counterparts. Consistent with this idea, data from the 2008 ( N = 2,322) and 2012 ( N = 5,916) American National Election Study indicate that for members of stigmatized social groups (low income, low education, and ethnic minority), authoritarian child rearing values have more positive psychological effects than for members of high-status groups. These results were robust to covariates, including demographics, religiosity, political ideology, and cognitive style.
Factors influencing length of stay and suitability for early community discharge in the management of acute pyelonephritis
Authors: Hsu RCJ , Shergill P , Gnanapragasam VJ
Published: October 2014

Objectives:

We assessed factors influencing length of stay and suitability for early discharge to community care in acute pyelonephritis (APN).

Methods:

APN patients admitted in 2011–2012 to a tertiary hospital were included in a retrospective study. Data collected included patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), admitting speciality, imaging, length of stay and any intervention.

Results:

A total of 266 patients were analysed with 83.1% managed by urologists and the rest by other specialties. Urology patients had a shorter mean stay of 4.7 days compared to 8.8 days for non-urology patients ( p < 0.001). The mean time to imaging was 0.5 days and 1.4 days for urology and other specialties, respectively ( p < 0.001). Twenty per cent of patients had urinary tract abnormalities on imaging but only 2.0% required intervention; 9.4% (25/266) had repeated imaging following an initial scan but none resulted in an intervention. A high CCI was a predictor of longer stays regardless of admitting speciality ( p < 0.001). Admission to non-urological specialities remained a significant predictor both of delayed imaging ( p = 0.001) and longer stays ( p < 0.001) even after correction for CCI.

Conclusion:

Time to imaging, comorbidity and admitting speciality are key factors influencing APN management. Rapid urological review and imaging could identify patients suitable for safe early discharge to community management.
A Dialogue of Necessity
Authors: Griffin Shelley M. , Ismailos Linda
Published: October 2014

Many teacher candidates (preservice teachers) in a Bachelor of Education degree cross the threshold into an elementary music methodology course with trepidation. Thus, teacher educators (music education professors) ought to explore the ways in which they can attend to students’ music experiences so as to increase teacher competence. This article explores three relevant areas of literature: fear of teaching music, relevance of informal music learning on influencing teacher identity, and influence of such experiences on teacher education programs. Building on this literature, the article concludes with highlighting a 2-year narrative inquiry exploring how the daily music experiences of teacher candidates’ inform their teaching practices. Through the use of visual narratives (body maps), oral and written narratives, and conversational interviews, 20 participants gave voice to their multilayered experiences that influenced their perceptions about music teaching. Findings deepen conceptualizations concerning the power of informal music learning in shaping teacher identity and practice.
Reflective Journals
Authors: Lindroth James T.
Published: October 2014

The use of reflective journals has been identified as an effective tool to promote reflection in preservice teachers. This review of literature provides the reader with an understanding of the various ways journals are used and assessed in teacher education programs. The findings of this review outline the use of reflective journals on topics such as constructivism, teacher identity, linking theory to practice, and preservice teachers’ perceptions of journals. The literature suggests that preservice teachers be taught how to reflect more purposefully and be provided meaningful learning and teaching experiences. Reflective journals can also be used to aid preservice teachers in linking theory and practice in the classroom. Future research is needed to ascertain university instructors’ perceptions of the value of reflective journals, the impact of reflective writing on teaching, and how effectively preservice teachers are trained to write reflective journals.
Long-term results of first salvage treatment in CLL patients treated initially with FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab)
Authors: Tam Constantine S. , O’Brien Susan , Plunkett William , Wierda William , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wang Xuemei , Do Kim-Anh , Cortes Jorge , Khouri Issa , Kantarjian Hagop , Lerner Susan , Keating Michael J.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Patients who relapse within 3 years of frontline FCR therapy have poor survival when treated with conventional salvage regimens. Such patients are suitable for allogeneic stem cell transplantation and novel noncytotoxic therapies.
Coexistence of memory resistance and memory capacitance in TiO2 solid-state devices
Authors: Salaoru Iulia , Li Qingjiang , Khiat Ali , Prodromakis Themistoklis
Published: October 2014

This work exploits the coexistence of both resistance and capacitance memory effects in TiO2-based two-terminal cells. Our Pt/TiO2/TiOx/Pt devices exhibit an interesting combination of hysteresis and non-zero crossing in their current-voltage (I-V) characteristic that indicates the presence of capacitive states. Our experimental results demonstrate that both resistance and capacitance states can be simultaneously set via either voltage cycling and/or voltage pulses. We argue that these state modulations occur due to bias-induced reduction of the TiOxactive layer via the displacement of ionic species.
Novel Fluorine-containing Trisilahydrocarbon Lubricants and Their Antiatomic Oxygen Irradiation under Simulated Space
Authors: Wang Haizhong , Wang Xiaolong , Qiao Dan , Sun Xiaojun , Feng Dapeng , Liu Weimin
Published: October 2014

The novel fluorine-containing trisilahydrocarbon lubricants with methyl and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl substituents (named SiFCH) were synthesized. Importantly, as potential aerospace lubricants, their chemical, physical, and tribological properties under simulated atomic oxygen (AO) exposure in space environment were investigated by a laboratory-built simulation multifunctional space tribo-tester system. The results showed that the SiFCH synthetic oils possess good physical properties and favorable tribological performance, which are superior to that of multi-alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) in terms of frictional reduction and antiwear capacity under vacuum.
Maximising influenza vaccination uptake among older people
Authors: Bakhshi Savita , While Alison E.
Published: October 2014

Older adults aged 65 years and over are particularly vulnerable to seasonal influenza as their immune system is weaker than that of younger adults. The influenza vaccination helps to reduce influenza severity and the incidence of complications, but a range of factors can affect uptake among older people. These factors can be categorised as follows: the system of vaccination; influenza vaccination mistrust and fear of side-effects; health beliefs and behaviours; and other factors. Various interventions to maximise influenza vaccination uptake among older people in the community have been identified, including: interventions to increase community demand, enhance access and improve influenza vaccination among community nurses, as well as provider or system-based interventions and societal interventions. Community nurses have been found to have a positive influence on influenza vaccination uptake and should continue to promote the benefits of influenza vaccination to their patients who are ‘persistent decliners'.
Common skin problems in the community and primary care
Authors: Armstrong Kirsty
Published: October 2014

Skin problems can be hard to diagnose, leaving clinicians frustrated and patients incorrectly treated, but rashes and lesions can be markers of systemic disease and infections. However, by using simple history-taking and mnemonics, safety and correct diagnoses can be achieved. This article will consider some common problems encountered in primary and community care, issues that need to be excluded, resources that will help with diagnosis and some management guidelines. This is not an exhaustive guide, and advice should be sought from learned colleagues in specific cases. Pressure area care and the use of compression bandaging will not be discussed unless it is of relevance to the subject of rashes and lesions.
Advance care planning for people living with dementia
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Kirk Mary
Published: October 2014

The prevalence of dementia is increasing, however it is only recently that dementia has been recognised as a terminal disease where end-of-life care needs to be discussed and planned with the patient and their family. Early diagnosis of dementia enables the person with dementia and their family to discuss the future, including plans for end-of-life care such as Advance Care Planning (ACP). However, discussions regarding end-of-life care are not routine practice for people with dementia and their families. This article reviews the literature regarding barriers that impact on healthcare professionals' engagement with ACP for people with dementia and their families.
Supporting the use of evidence in community nursing: a national strategic approach
Authors: Hanafin Sinéad , Roe Sandra , O'Dowd Mary , Barry Catriona
Published: October 2014

While there is an acceptance across all stakeholders that nursing practice should be informed by evidence, there is a substantial literature on the challenges this creates for nurses in the delivery of services. These challenges are accentuated for nurses in community settings, where accessible, up-to-date research evidence is more problematic because of the decentralised organisation and delivery of these services. Recognising this gap, and the consequent needs of its members, the Institute of Community Health Nursing (ICHN) in Ireland has commenced a national strategic development in this area. The purpose of the strategy is to actively support and facilitate public health and community nurses to provide services to individuals, families and communities that are based on the best available research evidence. This article provides a brief overview of the development and key components of the ICHN strategy.
Enhancing person-centred care through the development of a therapeutic relationship
Authors: Doherty Michelle , Thompson Hilary
Published: October 2014

More than ever, district nurses require highly developed communication and interpersonal skills to enable and nurture a therapeutic relationship. The ‘shift left’—whereby patients are being assessed and cared for in the community at a much earlier stage of their illness or recovery—has significant implications. The complexity of patient care and the need for collaborative working and shared decision making necessitates a focus on fostering person-centred care and improving the patient experience in practice. District nurses are adept communicators with a specialist body of knowledge and skills. In Northern Ireland, the single assessment tool (NISAT) is used by health professionals and follows a person-centred framework. This case study reflects on the assessment process used by a district nursing student in clinical practice and demonstrates how a therapeutic relationship is developed, thereby supporting person centredness.
Principled decision making in district nurse practice
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: October 2014

This article outlines a case study in which Sister Mary Newsome is in conflict with her district nurse colleague over the care of Margaret, 67, who they visit to monitor blood glucose levels and calculate the insulin dose to manage her diabetes. Recently, Margaret has been refusing to answer the door to the district nurses and has been eating sugary foods that have resulted in five admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis. While Sister Newsome believes continued care at home is best for Margaret, her colleague believes that only residential care will ensure Margaret maintains an appropriate diet and receives her insulin. Sister Newsome considers how best to resolve the conflict over the care of Margaret.
Probing the wound healing potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles
Authors: Dhapte V. , Kadam S. , Moghe A. , Pokharkar V.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their antimicrobial profile and wound healing activities. However, cytotoxicity and cosmetic abnormalities associated with silver pose a major challenge in their translation for therapeutic applications. Our objective was to develop biogenic AgNPs, using a single-step green synthesis, and to investigate their in vitro and in vivo behaviour as wound-healing agents.

Method:

AgNPs were prepared using the green synthesis approach with aqueous Bryonia laciniosa leaves extract. The AgNPs were then evaluated for physicochemical properties, stability, and antimicrobial and in vivo wound healing activities.

Results:

Stable AgNPs with characteristic absorption at 408nm and 15±3nm particle size were generated via the active involvement of Bryonia laciniosa. No loss of stability was detected after 6 months at room temperature. Antibacterial activity was observed against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with no cytotoxicity observed in vitro at a concentration of 200 μg/mL and effective cytokine modulation. In vivo wound healing experiments showed improved wound contracting ability in rats where, after 14 days, wound alleviation was 47.1±2.2% in the control groups, compared with 78.1±1.4% and 92.6±6.7% for a silver-based marketed cream and the AgNPs, respectively.

Conclusion:

The developed AgNPs proved to be superior wound healing agents owing to scarless healing with insignificant inflammation and toxicity.

Declaration of interest:

There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Impact of compression therapy using Unna's boot on the self-esteem of patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Salome G.M. , de Brito M.J.A. , Ferreira L.M.
Published: October 2014

• Objective: To assess self-esteem in patients with venous leg ulcers treated with Unna's boot.

• Method: A descriptive, analytic, clinical study was conducted from June 2010 to May 2011 in an outpatient wound care clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients of both sexes, aged ≥18 years, who had had a venous leg ulcer for more than one year and a Doppler ankle brachial index ranging from 0.8–1.0 were consecutively selected for inclusion. Patients were treated with wound dressings and Unna's boot. Self-esteem was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) at inclusion (baseline) and after 4, 8, and 12 months of compression therapy using Unna's boot. The scale is reverse-scored; thus lower scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem.

• Results: The patients showed a slight but significant improvement in self-esteem after 4 months of treatment (mean RSE score=17.12) compared with baseline (mean RSE score=24.90). However, a marked and significant improvement in self-esteem was observed after 8 months (mean RSE score=7.40) and 12 months (mean RSE score=2.10) of compression therapy using Unna's boot.

• Conclusion: Patients with venous leg ulcers treated with Unna's boot for 12 months showed a significant improvement in self-esteem

• Declaration of interest: All authors declare that no competing financial interests exist. There was no external funding for this study.
Identification of 'Ubá' mango tree zygotic and nucellar seedlings using ISSR markers
Authors: Rocha Aline , Salomão Tânia Maria Fernandes , Siqueira Dalmo Lopes de , Cruz Cosme Damião , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum
Published: October 2014

Polyembryonic seeds are characterized by the development of over one embryo in the same seed, which can be zygotic and nucellar. The objective of this work was to identify the genetic origin, whether zygotic or nucellar, of seedlings of polyembryonic seeds of 'Ubá' mango tree using ISSR markers, and relating them with the vigor of the seedlings. Thus, mangos were harvested in Visconde do Rio Branco (accession 102) and Ubá (accessions 112, 138, 152 and 159), whose seeds were germinated in plastic trays filled with washed sand. Fifty days after sowing, seedlings from five seeds of each one of the accessions 102, 112, 138, 159 and from 10 seeds of the accession 152, were analyzed. These sseedlings were characterized and evaluated for plant height, stem circumference and mass of fresh aerial part and the most vigorous seedling was the one displaying at least two of these traits higher than the other seedlings from seed. Leaves were collected for genomic DNA extraction, which was amplified using seven ISSR primers previously selected based on the amplification profile and considering the number and resolution of fragments. Zygotic seedlings were found in 18 seeds, which were the most vigorous in six seeds. The results evidenced the existence of genetic variability in orchards using seedlings grown from seeds, because the farmer usually uses the most vigorous ones, assuming that this is of nucellar origin. These results also indicate that the most vigorous seedling are not always nucellar, inasmuch as of 20% of the total seeds evaluated, the zygotic seedling was the most vigorous.
Cytogenetic and identification of the nucleolus organizer region in Heliconia bihai (L.) L.
Authors: Nascimento Heloisa Rocha do , Gallo Ricardo , Karsburg Isane Vera , Oliveira Ademilso Sampaio
Published: October 2014

The genus Heliconia is not much studied and the number of existing species in this genus is still uncertain. It is known that this number relies between 150 to 250 species. In Brazil, about 40 species are native and known by many different names. The objective of this paper was to characterize morphometrically and to identify the NOR (active nucleolus organizer regions) by Ag-NOR banding of chromosomes of Heliconia bihai (L) L. Root meristems were submitted to blocking treatment in an amiprofos-methyl (APM) solution, fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution for 24 hours, at least. The meristems were washed in distilled water and submitted to enzymatic digestion with pectinase enzyme. The slides were prepared by dissociation of the root meristem, dried in the air and also on hot plate at 50°C. Subsequently, some slides were submitted to 5% Giemsa stain for karyotype construction and to a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 50% for Ag-NOR banding. The species H. bihai has 2n = 22 chromosomes, 4 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and 7 pairs of metacentric chromosomes, and graded medium to short (3.96 to 0.67 μM), with the presence of active NOR in pairs 1 and 2 and interphase cells with 2 nucleoli. These are the features of a diploid species.
Custo de produção e lucratividade da cultura do amendoim no município de Jaboticabal, São Paulo
Authors: Barbosa Rafael Marani , Homem Bruno Fernandes Modesto , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo
Published: October 2014

O Estado de São Paulo é o maior produtor de amendoim do Brasil e a produção concentra-se na região de Ribeirão Preto, onde o cultivo é realizado em áreas arrendadas, em esquemas de sucessão e rotação, principalmente, para reforma de canaviais. Nesse caso, a rotação com amendoim durante a entressafra é escolha viável, pois além de poder ser rentável, as terras que ficariam ociosas mantêm a sua produtividade. Por esta razão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar e analisar o custo de produção e a rentabilidade do amendoim cv. Runner IAC 886, em áreas de reforma de canaviais, na região de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, para a safra 2010/2011. Utilizou-se a metodologia do Custo Operacional Total e calcularam-se os indicadores de lucratividade: receita bruta, lucro operacional e índice de lucratividade, considerando-se três níveis de preços recebidos pelos produtores. O custo operacional total da produção de amendoim foi de R$3.665,21 ha-1, devido, principalmente, às despesas com colheita e arrendamento da terra. Os índices econômicos foram satisfatórios somente para o nível de preço representado pelo valor médio obtido nos últimos anos. Em relação ao Preço Mínimo de Garantia, os resultados não apresentaram lucro.
Impactos do crescimento da produção de cana-de-açúcar na agricultura dos oito maiores estados produtores
Authors: Aguiar Cristiane de Jesus , Souza Paulo Marcelo de
Published: October 2014

Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se analisar o processo de substituição de culturas, ocorrido nos principais estados produtores de cana-de-açúcar, no período de 2000 a 2010, utilizando o modelo shift-share. Os estados de Alagoas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco e São Paulo foram considerados na análise. De modo geral, os resultados mostram que a agricultura desses estados foi afetada pela forte expansão da área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar e com soja. Esse crescimento baseou-se, em parte, na substituição de outros produtos, principalmente arroz, feijão e milho, além de café, algodão e laranja. Apesar disso, os ganhos de produtividade contribuíram para reduzir, ou mesmo superar, os efeitos da perda de área dos produtos substituídos. Porém, a agricultura dos estados mais afetados pelo crescimento da participação da cana-de-açúcar e da soja tornou-se menos diversificada e, portanto, mais exposta a eventuais crises no mercado dos produtos em que passou a se basear.