bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attractors and commutation sets in Hénon-like diffeomorphisms
Authors: Selmani Wissame , Djellit Ilham
Published: April 2017

In this work we display Hénon-like attractors that emerge and appear in diffeomorphisms generated by embedding of one-dimensional endomorphisms. We show the properties of basin of attraction, and identify various types of attractors and commutation sets which are associated with these diffeomorphisms. Numerically presented scenarii of the creation and destruction of these attractors via bifurcations are illustrated.
Riesz triple probabilisitic of almost lacunary ces$\acute{A}$ro $C_{111}$ statistical convergence of $\chi^{3}$ defined by a Musielak Orlicz function
Authors: Vandana Dr , Deepmala _ , Subramanian N. , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: April 2017

In this paper we study the concept of almost lacunary statistical Ces$\acute{a}$ro of $\chi^{3}$ over probabilistic $p-$ metric spaces defined by Musielak Orlicz function. Since the study of convergence in PP-spaces is fundamental to probabilistic functional analysis, we feel that the concept of almost lacunary statistical Ces$\acute{a}$ro of $\chi^{2}$ over probabilistic $p-$ metric spaces defined by Musielak in a PP-space would provide a more general framework for the subject.
The Intelligibility of the Vietnamese Accented English
Authors: Huong Tran Thanh
Published: April 2017

This study was purposely conducted to determine what linguistic features affect the intelligibility of the Vietnamese speakers. To do this, speech samples of exemplars of Vietnamese English were audio-taped and then listened to by representatives of the Kachruvian circles, who wrote down what they heard. The findings show that Vietnamese speakers have some difficulties producing English words properly, especially with final sounds, word-final consonant clusters, and words that have more than three syllables. The exemplars also find it difficult to deal with the stress time rhythm of English words with more than two syllables. The findings also imply that intelligibility is not much of a problem for Vietnamese exemplars, results of intelligibility scores of American and Filipino listeners show that less exposure of other speakers to another language does not follow that the latter would be completely unintelligible to the former. In addition, similarity in the general features of language between speakers of different nationalities does not guarantee mutual intelligibility between these people. From the findings, the paper discusses their implications for English language teaching in Vietnam.
El Arte como recurso alternativo para la reinserción y rehabilitación de los internos en centro carcelarios
Authors: Carbajal Roberto Vladimir
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo plantea la incorporación del arte como parte de un plan integral en la rehabilitación y reinserción del recluso, pues consideramos el hecho artístico como una oportunidad de desarrollar la sensibilidad y otros procesos de cognición para ayudar a la población interna a fin de devolverles la confianza, la integridad y liberarla de estados de tensión y frustración.

Se plantea un plan de acción que se podría desarrollar desde la fase de con.anza hasta la de adaptación, además de entender este proceso como parte de un todo que conduzca a una política nacional de rehabilitación y reinserción, de la mano con otros sectores que pudieran involucrarse, tales como la empresa privada, las instituciones de educación superior, las escuelas de arte y otras que sumen esfuerzos para lograr en un futuro una sociedad más indulgente y comprensiva.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, No 43 Enero-Junio 2016: 7-20
Juventud estancada
Authors: Gómez Iván
Published: April 2017

Un análisis sobre los planes de prevención de la violencia de los últimos cuatro Gobiernos salvadoreños, bajo la .gura del Consejo de Seguridad. La coincidencia en la temática de políticas de prevención y la juventud, así como lamentar que continúen siendo los mismos Departamentos los más violentos. Los programas juveniles, y del porqué de las faltas de continuidad. El Gobierno no puede estar a la espera de las donaciones para hacer andar proyectos que se miden a largo plazo. Tuvo que pasar más del tiempo que enlutó la guerra civil, para que el sector político entendiera la realidad en que ha caído el país frente a las pandillas. No obstante, la solución se irá concretando cuando exista la unidad de nación para resolverlo.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, No 43 Enero-Junio 2016: 41-63
Descripción de la Organización Virtual
Authors: Cuchillac Víctor
Published: April 2017

Este artículo tiene como .nalidad resumir y difundir el marco conceptual de las “organizaciones virtuales”, bajo una óptica estratégica orientada a la competitividad empresarial, haciendo énfasis en las características, las ventajas y las desventajas de estas. Además, se aborda de forma sucinta el per.l del gerente tanto administrativo como de tecnología, que permita a una organización migrar parcial o completamente sus procesos a la nube. Tecnológicamente muchas organizaciones de la región centroamericana están inmersas en la virtualización y tratan de aprovechar sus bene.cios, pero como la tecnología y la dinámica de las empresas avanza galopantemente a otro ritmo, es necesario conocer y difundir la tendencia actual del modelo de la “organización virtual”. Es por ello, necesario que, tanto los formadores como nuevos profesionales, conozcan de esta tendencia de forma que al vincularse con el mundo productivo sean agentes de cambio que orienten y lideren los movimientos técnicos estratégicos.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, No 43 Enero-Junio 2016: 87-96
Manufactura Aditiva
Authors: Christoph Rainer , Muñoz Romero , Hernández Ángel
Published: April 2017

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos durante nuestras investigaciones aplicadas a la temática de manufactura aditiva (impresión 3D) realizada mediante el método de extrusión fundida. Los estudios se efectuaron mediante un enfoque sumamente práctico, dedicado a solventar problemas técnicos en diferentes rubros de aplicación. Mediante la documentación de 7 ejemplos seleccionados demostramos la alta versatilidad de esta tecnología, así como su elevado potencial para contribuir a la innovación de la industria manufacturera del país.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, No 43 Enero-Junio 2016: 97-109
La formación profesional para las empresas: Un vistazo desde la Unión Europea
Authors: Urquilla Castaneda Alicia
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se presentará un vistazo sobre los condicionantes externos que determinan la educación comprendida en el espíritu empresarial y su importancia en la Unión Europea. Además, cómo la educación y la formación de profesionales influyen en la competitividad de las empresas, exponiéndose una visión general de la situación actual en Europa sobre este tema, lo que se considera importante en el método enseñanza-aprendizaje, algunos ejemplos exitosos de buenas prácticas europeas en la formación de profesionales, las conclusiones y las recomendaciones.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 16, No 43 Enero-Junio 2016: 110-123
Papillary cystadenoma of right testis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Fidelis Otobo O. , Edet Ikpi , Glen Enakirerhi , M. Edoise Isiwele , Ayodele Omotosho , Akanimo Essiet , Ekwere Paul D , Nkposong Edet O
Published: April 2017

Testicular cystadenoma is ranked the second commonest benign neoplasm. Other benign epididymal neoplasms include adenomatoid tumor (most common), leiomyoma, serous (nonpapillary) cystadenoma, cavernous hemangioma, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. Adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma are malignant tumors that can affect the epididymis. A 24-year-old male undergraduate with a 3-month history of mildly tender right testicular swelling histologically diagnosed as papillary cystadenoma is presented. This case is presented from our locality as the first of its’ kind; and because it can be a possible manifestation of other diseases like von Hippel- Lindau (VHL) disease.
Home Bias and the Real Estate Prices
Authors: Chang Hsiu-yun
Published: April 2017

This paper argues that the Home Bias phenomenon prevails in the real estate market, which is inferred from psychology, economic, and financial literature. Utilizing the trait of the Home bias behavior, which can reduce the risk of information asymmetry, I modify the classical pure trading model and employ the parameter of relative risk aversion as the proxy variable of Home Bias to translate the relationship among Home Bias phenomenon, the property prices, and the expected returns. The comparative static analyses indicate that Home Bias behavior is negatively related to the property prices and positively related to the property returns. The marginal effects on property prices are heightened in situations of high time preference and relative low Home Bias. Conversely, the marginal effects on property returns are larger if the time preference parameter is smaller. As a household buyer with high time preference is located far away from a property, his bargaining power is easily affected by home bias behavior. Further, this paper focuses on the home bias elasticity of property prices and returns for the sake of unit-free property. Inelastic coefficients of elasticity of prices and returns indicate that the capability of households to lower property overvalued prices (i.e. increase investment returns) from reducing information asymmetry by using Home Bias behavior is still limited.
An Extension of the Kumaraswamy Distribution
Authors: Carrasco Jalmar M. F. , Cordeiro Gauss M
Published: April 2017

We propose and study a new five-parameter continuous distribution in the unit interval through a specific probability integral transform. The new distribution, under some parameter constraints, is an identified parametric model that includes as special cases six important models such as the Kumaraswamy and beta distributions. We obtain ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, mean deviations, R\'enyi entropy and moments of order statistics. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood, and hypothesis tests are discussed. Additionally, through a simulation study we investigate the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimator, also we investigate the impact of ignoring identifiability problems. The usefulness of the proposed distribution is illustrated by means of a real data set.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: April 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 4
Strategic Human Resource Management in International Organizations
Authors: Nuangjamnong Chompu , MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: April 2017

This an initial study of Strategic Human Resources in Human Resource Management. This is important because in a globally competitive economy company longevity depends upon its more important aspect – their staff. This is principally governed by resource management principles and policies. This paper presents the results of a wide range of companies in different industries and with different ownership models using statistical methods. The results clearly show human resource practices have a positive impact on organisations.
Indirect Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.): An Important Medicinal Plant of Iran
Authors: Jafari Samira , Daneshvar Mohammad Hossein , Salmi Mohammadreza Salehi , Jalal-Abadi Amin Lotfi
Published: April 2017

Salvia species are an important resource for medicinal industry. This research was conducted to develop an indirect organogenesis regeneration protocol for Salvia officinalis L. via which callus was obtained from leaf and internode explants, among these explants internode explant gave best result on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2.0 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The maximum percentage (70%) of regeneration was obtained with 0.5 mg thidiazuron (TDZ) from internode explants. Shootlets were highly rooted on MS/2 medium added with 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In vitro rooted seedlings were successfully acclimatized. This in vitro regeneration system will facilitate further development of reliable procedures for this genus.
An Eco-Friendly Process for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Smail Heman A. , Shareef Kafia M. , Ramli Zainab H.
Published: April 2017

The adsorption of lead (Pb II) ion on different types of synthesized zeolite was investigated. The BET surface area, total pore volume & average pore size distribution of these synthesized zeolites were determined by adsorption isotherms for N2, the surface area & total pore volume of their sources were found by adsorption isothermN2.The adsorption equilibrium was measured after 24h at room temperature (RT) & concentration 10mg.L-1 of Pb (II) was used. The adsorption of heavy metal Pb (II) on four different prepared zeolites (LTA from Montmorillonite clay, FAU(Y)-B.H (G2) from Barley husk, Mordenite (G1) from Chert rock, FAU(X)-S.C (G3) from shale clay & modified Shale clay by oxalic acid (N1) & sodium hydroxide (N2)), were compared with the adsorption of their sources by using static batch experimental method. The major factors affecting the heavy metal ion sorption on different synthesized zeolites & their sources were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium capacity (Qm) of Pb (II) ion for different synthesized zeolites ordered from (N1>N2>LTA>G3>G2>G1&for their sources ordered Shale clay >Montmorilonite> Barley husk>Chert rock. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used for analysis of lead heavy metal ion, the obtained results in this study showed that the different synthesized zeolites were efficient ion exchanges for removing heavy metal, in particular, the modified zeolite from shale clay by oxalic acid.
Solving Multi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Using Hybrid Ants Optimization and Tabu Search Based on Performance Metrics
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Hassan , Makdyssiian Laina , Bilal Waseem Habib
Published: April 2017

In this research, we are studying the possibility of contribution in solving the multi-objective vehicle Routing problem with time windows, that is one of the optimization problems of the NP-hard type, This problem has attracted a lot of attention now because of its real life applications.Moreover, We will also introduce an algorithm called Hybrid Algorithm (HA) which depends on integrates between Multiple Objective Ant Colony Optimisation (MOACO) and Tabu Search (TS) algorithm based on the Pareto optimization, and compare the presented approach is the developer with standard tests to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency.
Analytic Network Process for Developing Relative Weight of Wastewater Treatment Technology Selection
Authors: Abdullah Lazim , Rahman Nurul Atiqah Abd
Published: April 2017

Selecting the best wastewater treatment (WWT) technology requires a thorough qualitative and quantitative evaluation of multi-dependence criteria. A network based method is one of the many possible techniques that able to handle multi-dependence criteria in the selection. This paper proposes relative importance weights of alternatives in selecting the WWT technology using the analytic network process (ANP) in Terengganu Malaysia. The ANP is applied to establish the relative weights of alternatives based on criteria and sub-criteria that available in the WWT technology selection. Two faculty members attached to a public university and an engineer in Malaysian government agency were interviewed to provide evaluation within the framework of ANP. Inner dependence and outer dependence analysis of ANP are fully utilised to establish relative importance weights of alternatives. The experiment result reveals that the relative importance weights of the three alternatives are 0.3074, 0.2795 and 0.2447. The alternative ‘Composting’ has decided as the most suitable technology in WWT which provides the highest relative importance weight among all the three alternatives. The results would be a great significance for the practical implementation of the WWT technology selection.
Improving the Teaching of Project Management Software Tools Using Scaffolding Based on Cladistics Parsimony Analysis
Authors: MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: April 2017

Project management software tools are essential tools for the different phases of projects. However a number of software tools exist ranging from the relatively simple to those that extremely feature rich. Feature rich software tools have their advantages due to their wide repertoire of options but can be difficult to learn. Ideally the main steps in project management need to be identified and mapped. The five layer domain analysis model was used (but only the first two layers) in conjunction with cladistics and parsimony analysis to produce a diagrammatic, modular abstraction based on hierarchical top down decomposition. This model contextualizes the steps in project management by means of a high level overview that can be decomposed into greater detail. Significantly it is universally applicable to software management tools.
Auction Schemes, Bidding Strategies and the Cost-Optimal Level of Promoting Renewable Electricity in Germany
Authors: Voss Andreas , Madlener Reinhard
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Germany is among the leading countries regarding the promotion of renewable energy towards a sustainable energy system transition. In this paper, we investigate the German pilot auction scheme for solar photovoltaics introduced in the Renewable Energies Act 2014 (EEG 2014) that serves as a pilot for the auctionbased promotion of the three major large-scale renewable electricity generation technologies (wind, solar, biomass) as of 2017. A strategic bidding model is used to determine the optimal bidding strategy and to determine the resulting project value. We consider pay-as-bid and uniform pricing and single and multiple bids. Moreover, we investigate the impact of investment cost uncertainty. In a sensitivity analysis we show how bid strategy adjustments affect the outcome. Specifically, higher uncertainty regarding the market clearing price increases the project value, as this additional uncertainty can be used to raise the probability of obtaining a higher level of remuneration by an adjusted auction strategy. The first- price auction can generate additional profits by placing a second, higher bid with a low probability of success. Investment cost uncertainty can have either a positive or negative impact on the project value, depending on the auction parameter values chosen.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DO PACIENTE COMI NSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL CRÔNICA SUBMETIDO À HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Cristina Negri Elaine , Caroline de Lima Sampaio Ana , Cláudia Pereira da Silva Ana , Martines Paulo Helora , Borsari da Costa Leandro , Fernanda Higa de Souza Natalia
Published: April 2017

The chronic kidney disease is multicausal condition with high morbidity and mortality rate, thathas hemodialysis as the main option of treatment. Life quality is a large term which includes physical, psychological and social welfare that is related with happiness perception when compared to external aspects. The research goal wasto rate the welfareof patients with chronic kidney disease that undergoes hemodialysis treatment. The research was made with 63 patients who filled two formularies: one of themabout sample characterizationand instrument WHOQOL-bref made by 26 questions. The data analysis shows that among the analyzed areas, the physical domainhas got the lowest score which may be one of the main factors that influences the welfare.
Emergence and evolution of an interaction between intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Hultqvist Greta , Åberg Emma , Camilloni Carlo , Sundell Gustav N , Andersson Eva , Dogan Jakob , Chi Celestine N , Vendruscolo Michele , Jemth Per
Published: April 2017

Protein-protein interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins are important for cellular function and common in all organisms. However, it is not clear how such interactions emerge and evolve on a molecular level. We performed phylogenetic reconstruction, resurrection and biophysical characterization of two interacting disordered protein domains, CID and NCBD. CID appeared after the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes 450–600 million years ago, while NCBD was present in the protostome/deuterostome ancestor. The most ancient CID/NCBD formed a relatively weak complex (Kd∼5 µM). At the time of the first vertebrate-specific whole genome duplication, the affinity had increased (Kd∼200 nM) and was maintained in further speciation. Experiments together with molecular modeling using NMR chemical shifts suggest that new interactions involving intrinsically disordered proteins may evolve via a low-affinity complex which is optimized by modulating direct interactions as well as dynamics, while tolerating several potentially disruptive mutations.
Functional and mutational landscapes of BRCA1 for homology-directed repair and therapy resistance
Authors: Anantha Rachel W , Simhadri Srilatha , Foo Tzeh Keong , Miao Susanna , Liu Jingmei , Shen Zhiyuan , Ganesan Shridar , Xia Bing
Published: April 2017

BRCA1 plays a critical role in homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double strand breaks, and the repair defect of BRCA1-mutant cancer cells is being targeted with platinum drugs and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We have employed relatively simple and sensitive assays to determine the function of BRCA1 variants or mutants in two HDR mechanisms, homologous recombination (HR) and single strand annealing (SSA), and in conferring resistance to cisplatin and olaparib in human cancer cells. Our results define the functionality of the top 22 patient-derived BRCA1 missense variants and the contribution of different domains of BRCA1 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to HDR and drug resistance. Importantly, our results also demonstrate that the BRCA1-PALB2 interaction dictates the choice between HR and SSA. These studies establish functional and mutational landscapes of BRCA1 for HDR and therapy resistance, while revealing novel insights into BRCA1 regulatory mechanisms and HDR pathway choice.
Automated deep-phenotyping of the vertebrate brain
Authors: Allalou Amin , Wu Yuelong , Ghannad-Rezaie Mostafa , Eimon Peter M , Yanik Mehmet Fatih
Published: April 2017

Here, we describe an automated platform suitable for large-scale deep-phenotyping of zebrafish mutant lines, which uses optical projection tomography to rapidly image brain-specific gene expression patterns in 3D at cellular resolution. Registration algorithms and correlation analysis are then used to compare 3D expression patterns, to automatically detect all statistically significant alterations in mutants, and to map them onto a brain atlas. Automated deep-phenotyping of a mutation in the master transcriptional regulator fezf2 not only detects all known phenotypes but also uncovers important novel neural deficits that were overlooked in previous studies. In the telencephalon, we show for the first time that fezf2 mutant zebrafish have significant patterning deficits, particularly in glutamatergic populations. Our findings reveal unexpected parallels between fezf2 function in zebrafish and mice, where mutations cause deficits in glutamatergic neurons of the telencephalon-derived neocortex.
Engineering of a synthetic quadrastable gene network to approach Waddington landscape and cell fate determination
Authors: Wu Fuqing , Su Ri-Qi , Lai Ying-Cheng , Wang Xiao
Published: April 2017

The process of cell fate determination has been depicted intuitively as cells travelling and resting on a rugged landscape, which has been probed by various theoretical studies. However, few studies have experimentally demonstrated how underlying gene regulatory networks shape the landscape and hence orchestrate cellular decision-making in the presence of both signal and noise. Here we tested different topologies and verified a synthetic gene circuit with mutual inhibition and auto-activations to be quadrastable, which enables direct study of quadruple cell fate determination on an engineered landscape. We show that cells indeed gravitate towards local minima and signal inductions dictate cell fates through modulating the shape of the multistable landscape. Experiments, guided by model predictions, reveal that sequential inductions generate distinct cell fates by changing landscape in sequence and hence navigating cells to different final states. This work provides a synthetic biology framework to approach cell fate determination and suggests a landscape-based explanation of fixed induction sequences for targeted differentiation.
Identification and three‐dimensional structure of carnobacteriocin XY, a class IIb bacteriocin produced by Carnobacteria
Authors: Acedo Jeella Z. , Towle Kaitlyn M. , Lohans Christopher T. , Miskolzie Mark , McKay Ryan T. , Doerksen Thomas A. , Vederas John C. , Martin‐Visscher Leah A.
Published: April 2017

In this study, we report that CbnX (33 residues) and CbnY (29 residues) comprise a class IIb (two‐component) bacteriocin in Carnobacteria. Individually, CbnX and CbnY are inactive, but together act synergistically to exert a narrow spectrum of activity. The structures of CbnX and CbnY in structure‐inducing conditions were determined and strongly resemble other class IIb bacteriocins (i.e., LcnG, PlnEF, PlnJK). CbnX has an extended, amphipathic α‐helix and a flexible C terminus. CbnY has two α‐helices (one hydrophobic, one amphipathic) connected by a short loop and a cationic C terminus. CbnX and CbnY do not appear to interact directly and likely require a membrane‐bound receptor to facilitate formation of the bacteriocin complex. This is the first class IIb bacteriocin reported for Carnobacteria.
Human METTL12 is a mitochondrial methyltransferase that modifies citrate synthase
Authors: Rhein Virginie F. , Carroll Joe , Ding Shujing , Fearnley Ian M. , Walker John E.
Published: April 2017

The protein methylome in mammalian mitochondria has been little studied until recently. Here, we describe that lysine‐368 of human citrate synthase is methylated and that the modifying enzyme, localized in the mitochondrial matrix, is methyltransferase‐like protein 12 (METTL12), a member of the family of 7β‐strand methyltransferases. Lysine‐368 is near the active site of citrate synthase, but removal of methylation has no effect on its activity. In mitochondria, it is possible that some or all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, including citrate synthase, are organized in metabolons to facilitate the channelling of substrates between participating enzymes. Thus, possible roles for the methylation of Lys‐368 are in controlling substrate channelling itself, or in influencing protein–protein interactions in the metabolon.
Detecting the Significant Flux Backbone of Escherichia coli metabolism
Authors: Güell Oriol , Sagués Francesc , Serrano M. Ángeles
Published: April 2017

The heterogeneity of computationally predicted reaction fluxes in metabolic networks within a single flux state can be exploited to detect their significant flux backbone. Here, we disclose the backbone of Escherichia coli, and compare it with the backbones of other bacteria. We find that, in general, the core of the backbones is mainly composed of reactions in energy metabolism corresponding to ancient pathways. In E. coli, the synthesis of nucleotides and the metabolism of lipids form smaller cores which rely critically on energy metabolism. Moreover, the consideration of different media leads to the identification of pathways sensitive to environmental changes. The metabolic backbone of an organism is thus useful to trace simultaneously both its evolution and adaptation fingerprints.
Impaired hypoxic tolerance in APP23 mice: a dysregulation of neuroprotective globin levels
Authors: Van Acker Zoë P. , Luyckx Evi , Van Leuven Wendy , Geuens Eva , De Deyn Peter P. , Van Dam Debby , Dewilde Sylvia
Published: April 2017

Although neuroglobin confers neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, its expression becomes downregulated in late‐stage AD. Here, we provide evidence that indicates that this decrease is associated with the AD‐linked angiopathy. While wild‐type mice of different ages show upregulated cerebral neuroglobin expression upon whole‐body hypoxia, APP23 mice exhibit decreased cerebral transcription of neuroglobin. Interestingly, transcription of cytoglobin, whose involvement in amyloid pathology still needs to be elucidated, follows a similar pattern. To further unravel the underlying mechanism, we examined the expression levels of the RE‐1‐silencing transcription factor (REST/NRSF) after identifying a recognition site for it in the regulatory region of both globins. Neuroglobin‐cytoglobin‐REST/NRSF expression correlations are detected mainly in the cortex. This raises the possibility of REST/NRSF being an upstream regulator of these globins.
Analyzing the role of CagV, a VirB8 homolog of the type IV secretion system of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Kumar Navin , Shariq Mohd , Kumar Amarjeet , Kumari Rajesh , Subbarao Naidu , Tyagi Rakesh K. , Mukhopadhyay Gauranga
Published: April 2017

The type IV secretion system of Helicobacter pylori (Cag‐T4SS) is composed of ~ 27 components including a VirB8 homolog, CagV. We have characterized CagV and reported that it is an inner membrane protein and, like VirB8, forms a homodimer. Its stability is not dependent on the other Cag components and the absence of cagV affects the stability of only CagI, a protein involved in pilus formation. CagV is not required for the stability and localization of outer membrane subcomplex proteins, but interacts with them through CagX. It also interacts with the inner membrane‐associated components, CagF and CagZ, and is required for the surface localization of CagA. The results of this study might help in deciphering the mechanistic contributions of CagV in the Cag‐T4SS biogenesis and function.
InreGault
Authors: Williams LaVerne McQuiller
Published: April 2017

In the landmark decisionIn re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967), the United States Supreme Court established the principle that juvenile courts must afford standard procedures and protections guaranteed by the Constitution in juvenile adjudication proceedings. The Court held that, in accordance with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, juveniles are entitled to timely and complete notice of the charges, the right to counsel (including the right to have counsel appointed if indigent), the right to confront and cross‐examine witnesses, and the right against self‐incrimination.
Eosinophilic angiitis presenting with a true, fusiform, temporal artery aneurysm
Authors: MacDiarmid Megan , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Tiwari Alok , Duddy Martin , Carey Martyn , Jobanputra Paresh
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

Temporal artery aneurysm is a rare cause of temporal artery swelling in the absence of preceding trauma. Vasculitis other than giant cell arteritis, such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, should be considered in such cases and a careful assessment of other medium‐sized arteries undertaken.
Pallister–Killian syndrome in a two‐year‐old boy
Authors: Stone Leigh , Tripuraneni Ramya , Bain Michelle , Hernandez Claudia
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare, sporadic, multisystem developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphic features. We report a case of a two‐year‐old boy with PKS to highlight the cutaneous findings and emphasize the importance of diagnostic skin biopsies in patients with cutaneous pigmentation changes and distinctive facial features.
Distress vocalization delay in the neonate lamb as a neurobehavioral assessment tool
Authors: Morton Christine L. , Hinch Geoffrey , Small Alison
Published: April 2017

Acoustic features of infant distress vocalizations including latency and rate of emission are used as indices of neurological deficit and integrity in human and rodent neonates. This paper investigates the relationship between temporal characteristics of distress calls, elicited by an isolation stimulus, and indicators of neurobehavioral development over 12 hr postpartum in the neonate lamb. Delayed vocalization initiation was found to be associated with poor locomotor and orientation behavior reflecting the capacity of the lamb to reunite with and follow its dam, and a lowered rate of signal emission following commencement of vocalization. Animals demonstrating delayed vocalization initiation also appeared more likely to be of a birth weight predisposed to fetal distress, and to urinate when exposed to a novel environment. Based on these preliminary studies, we propose that compromised emission of vocal signals is indicative of neurobehavioral deficit in the neonate lamb.
Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island
Authors: Prentice Melanie B. , Bowman Jeff , Khidas Kamal , Koen Erin L. , Row Jeffrey R. , Murray Dennis L. , Wilson Paul J.
Published: April 2017

Island populations have long been important for understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of evolution in natural systems. While genetic drift is often strong on islands due to founder events and population bottlenecks, the strength of selection can also be strong enough to counteract the effects of drift. Here, we used several analyses to identify the roles of genetic drift and selection on genetic differentiation and diversity of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) across eastern Canada, including the islands of Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Specifically, we assessed whether we could identify a genetic component to the observed morphological differentiation that has been reported across insular and mainland lynx. We used a dinucleotide repeat within the promoter region of a functional gene that has been linked to mammalian body size, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). We found high genetic differentiation at neutral molecular markers but convergence of allele frequencies at theIGF‐1locus. Thus, we showed that while genetic drift has influenced the observed genetic structure of lynx at neutral molecular markers, natural selection has also played a role in the observed patterns of genetic diversity at theIGF‐1locus of insular lynx.
Aquatic microfauna alter larval food resources and affect development and biomass of West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis vector Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Duguma Dagne , Kaufman Michael G. , Simas Domingos Arthur B.
Published: April 2017

Ciliate protists and rotifers are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and can comprise a significant portion of the microbial food resources available to larval mosquitoes, often showing substantial declines in abundance in the presence of mosquito larvae. This top‐down regulation of protists is reported to be strong for mosquitoes inhabiting small aquatic containers such as pitcher plants or tree holes, but the nature of these interactions with larval mosquitoes developing in other aquatic habitats is poorly understood. We examined the effects of these two microbial groups on lower trophic level microbial food resources, such as bacteria, small flagellates, and organic particles, in the water column, and on Culex larval development and adult production. In three independent laboratory experiments using two microeukaryote species (one ciliate protist and one rotifer) acquired from field larval mosquito habitats and cultured in the laboratory, we determined the effects of Culex nigripalpus larval grazing on water column microbial dynamics, while simultaneously monitoring larval growth and development. The results revealed previously unknown interactions that were different from the top‐down regulation of microbial groups by mosquito larvae in other systems. Both ciliates and rotifers, singly or in combination, altered other microbial populations and inhibited mosquito growth. It is likely that these microeukaryotes, instead of serving as food resources, competed with early instar mosquito larvae for microbes such as small flagellates and bacteria in a density‐dependent manner. These findings help our understanding of the basic larval biology of Culex mosquitoes, variation in mosquito production among various larval habitats, and may have implications for existing vector control strategies and for developing novel microbial‐based control methods.
Unpacking brown food‐webs: Animal trophic identity reflects rampant microbivory
Authors: Steffan Shawn A. , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Dharampal Prarthana S. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Guédot Christelle , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: April 2017

Detritivory is the dominant trophic paradigm in most terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems, yet accurate measurement of consumer trophic position within detrital (=“brown”) food webs has remained unresolved. Measurement of detritivore trophic position is complicated by the fact that detritus is suffused with microbes, creating a detrital complex of living and nonliving biomass. Given that microbes and metazoans are trophic analogues of each other, animals feeding on detrital complexes are ingesting other detritivores (microbes), which should elevate metazoan trophic position and should be rampant within brown food webs. We tested these hypotheses using isotopic (15N) analyses of amino acids extracted from wild and laboratory‐cultured consumers. Vertebrate (fish) and invertebrate detritivores (beetles and moths) were reared on detritus, with and without microbial colonization. In the field, detritivorous animal specimens were collected and analyzed to compare trophic identities among laboratory‐reared and free‐roaming detritivores. When colonized by bacteria or fungi, the trophic positions of detrital complexes increased significantly over time. The magnitude of trophic inflation was mediated by the extent of microbial consumption of detrital substrates. When detrital complexes were fed to vertebrate and invertebrate animals, the consumers registered similar degrees of trophic inflation, albeit one trophic level higher than their diets. The wild‐collected detritivore fauna in our study exhibited significantly elevated trophic positions. Our findings suggest that the trophic positions of detrital complexes rise predictably as microbes convert nonliving organic matter into living microbial biomass. Animals consuming such detrital complexes exhibit similar trophic inflation, directly attributable to the assimilation of microbe‐derived amino acids. Our data demonstrate that detritivorous microbes elevate metazoan trophic position, suggesting that detritivory among animals is, functionally, omnivory. By quantifying the impacts of microbivory on the trophic positions of detritivorous animals and then tracking how these effects propagate “up” food chains, we reveal the degree to which microbes influence consumer groups within trophic hierarchies. The trophic inflation observed among our field‐collected fauna further suggests that microbial proteins represent an immense contribution to metazoan biomass. Collectively, these findings provide an empirical basis to interpret detritivore trophic identity, and further illuminate the magnitude of microbial contributions to food webs.
Discs large homolog 5 decreases formation and function of invadopodia in human hepatocellular carcinoma via Girdin and Tks5
Authors: Ke Yang , Bao Tianhao , Zhou Qixin , Wang Yan , Ge Jiayun , Fu Bimang , Wu Xuesong , Tang Haoran , Shi Zhitian , Lei Xuefen , Zhang Cheng , Tan Yuqi , Chen Haotian , Guo Zhitang , Wang Lin
Published: April 2017

Invadopodium formation is a crucial early event of invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of invadopodia remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of discs large homolog 5 (Dlg5) in invadopodium formation and function in HCC. We found that Dlg5 expression was significantly lower in human HCC tissues and cell lines than adjacent nontumor tissues and liver cells. Lower Dlg5 expression was associated with advanced stages of HCC, and poor overall and disease‐free survival of HCC patients. Dlg5‐silencing promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invadopodium formation, gelatin degradation function, and invadopodium‐associated invasion of HepG2 cells. In contrast, Dlg5 overexpression inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition, functional invadopodium formation, and invasion of SK‐Hep1 cells. Both Girdin and Tks5, but not the Tks5 nonphosphorylatable mutant, were responsible for the enhanced invadopodium formation and invasion of Dlg5‐silenced HepG2 cells. Furthermore, Dlg5 interacted with Girdin and interfered with the interaction of Girdin and Tks5. Dlg5 silencing promoted Girdin and Tks5 phosphorylation, which was abrogated by Girdin silencing and rescued by inducing shRNA‐resistant Girdin expression. Moreover, Dlg5 overexpression significantly inhibited HCC intrahepatic and lung metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that Dlg5 acts as a novel regulator of invadopodium‐associated invasion via Girdin and by interfering with the interaction between Girdin and Tks5, which might be important for Tks5 phosphorylation in HCC cells. Conceivably, Dlg5 may act as a new biomarker for prognosis of HCC patients.
Acceptance of peer navigators to reduce barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment among women with HIV infection in Tanzania
Authors: Koneru Alaya , Jolly Pauline E. , Blakemore Shaundra , McCree Renicha , Lisovicz Nedra F. , Aris Eric A. , Mtesigwa Thereza , Yuma Safina , Mwaiselage Julius D.
Published: April 2017

Objective

To identify barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment, and determine acceptance toward peer navigators (PNs) to reduce barriers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among women with HIV infection aged 19 years or older attending HIV clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between May and August 2012. Data for sociodemographic characteristics, barriers, knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening and treatment, and PNs were collected by questionnaire.

Results

Among 399 participants, only 36 (9.0%) reported previous cervical cancer screening. A higher percentage of screened than unscreened women reported being told about screening by someone at the clinic (25/36 [69.4%] vs 132/363 [36.4%]; P=0.002), knew that screening was free (30/36 [83.3%] vs 161/363 [44.4%]; P<0.001), and obtained “good” cervical screening attitude scores (17/36 [47.2%] vs 66/363 [18.2%]; P=0.001). Most women (382/399 [95.7%]) did not know about PNs. When told about PNs, 388 (97.5%) of 398 women said they would like assistance with explanation of medical terms, and 352 (88.2%) of 399 said they would like PNs to accompany them for cervical evaluation and/or treatment.

Conclusion

Use of PNs was highly acceptable and represents a novel approach to addressing barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment.
A mixed‐methods study of maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery at a referral hospital in Somaliland
Authors: Abdillahi Hamda A. , Hassan Khadra A. , Kiruja Jonah , Osman Fatumo , Egal Jama A. , Klingberg‐Allvin Marie , Erlandsson Kerstin
Published: April 2017

Objective

To explore maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery in Somaliland, including the impact of the prerequisite for family consent.

Methods

A facility‐based, mixed‐methods study was conducted to assess all maternal near misses and deaths recorded at a referral hospital that provided services to women from all regions of Somaliland. The data sources comprised a quantitative prospective cross‐sectional study using the WHO near‐miss tool (performed from August 1 to December 31, 2015) and qualitative interviews with 17 healthcare providers working at the referral hospital who were in direct contact with the women in labor (performed from January 15 to March 15, 2015).

Results

Of the 138 maternal near misses and deaths recorded, 50 (36%) were associated with emergency cesarean delivery. The most frequent maternal complication was severe pre‐eclampsia (n=17; 34%), and the most frequent underlying causes were hypertensive disorders (n=31; 62%) and obstetric hemorrhage (n=15; 30%). Healthcare providers were often prevented from performing emergency cesarean delivery until the required consent had been received from the woman's extended family.

Conclusion

Maternity care in Somaliland must be improved, and the issue of legal authority for consent examined, to ensure both safe and timely provision of emergency cesarean delivery.
Fetal foot length at delivery as a tool for determining gestation length in non‐macerated stillbirths
Authors: Geldenhuys Elaine , Coldrey Jean , Wright Colleen , Nel Daan , Roberts Drucilla J. , Boyd Theonia K. , Odendaal Hein ,   the PASS Network
Published: April 2017

Objective

To assess whether fetal foot length at autopsy could reliably indicate gestation duration at stillbirth and the effects of maceration on this method.

Methods

The present cross‐sectional secondary analysis was part of the Safe Passage Study; all Safe Passage Study participants who experienced a stillbirth at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, between August 1, 2007, and January 31, 2015, were eligible to participate. After providing written informed consent for autopsy, the duration of gestation calculated using early ultrasonography and fetal foot length were compared.

Results

There were 69 fetal autopsies included in the present study; placental histology was available for 65. Generally, the gestation length calculated from the first ultrasonography scan correlated well with that calculated from the fetal foot length (Spearman correlation=0.85). However, significant differences were found in the gestation lengths calculated when the fetus was macerated (P<0.001), or when umbilical cord pathology (P<0.001) or maternal vascular malperfusion (P<0.001) was the cause of fetal death.

Conclusion

Foot length at stillbirth was a good indicator of gestation length; however, it was a weaker indicator if fetal maceration had occurred.
Pipeline risk assessment using artificial intelligence: A case from the colombian oil network
Authors: Guzman Urbina Alexander , Aoyama Atsushi
Published: April 2017

Currently, in order to make decisions regarding the safety of pipelines, the risk values and risk targets are becoming relevant points for discussion. However, the challenge is the reliability of the models employed to get the risk data. Such models usually involve a large number of variables and deal with high amounts of uncertainty. Therefore, there is a strong need for a powerful tool to cope with that uncertainty, and one of the best tools dealing with uncertainty is the implementation of artificial intelligence methods using fuzzy logic.

Hence, this study aims to present an artificial intelligence inference system that minimizes the uncertainty of traditional approaches of risk assessment in pipelines. Also, in order to show the applicability of the model developed, this study presents a case from the Colombian oil transportation network. Besides that, this study presents an uncertainty analysis for the risk values, comparing the results of the inference system with traditional approach. The results show that the inference system performs better since the magnitude of the average error and its standard deviation are less than the traditional approach. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:110–116, 2018