bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic alternatives against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Gazi Ruqaya Fadhel , Al_Shukri Maysaa Salih , Chabuck Zainab Adil Ghani
Published: April 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive pathogen that can cause peripheral to serious infections in almost all tissues, especially in immunocompromised people, since the introduction of the first antimicrobial agents, it has evolved into one of six “ESKAPE” pathogens that are responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections and able to escape the biocidal action of antibiotics with high resistant rate and pass it into other bacteria. This evolutionary ability of S. aureus to gain resistance, has made it important to get insight into resistance mechanisms to be able to develop new antimicrobial agents. Lemon is a ﬂowering medicinal plant belongs to the family Rutaceae, which contains different antimicrobial components. Nanotechnology has enabled the use of nanoparticles for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Gold nanoparticles have been reported for their most desirable properties as compared to any other noble metal-based nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide NPs have also been explored as metallic NPs and have been successfully applied in MRSA therapy. This study aimed to study the inhibitory effects of fresh sour and sweet lemon juices plus gold titanium dioxide nanoparticles against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A total of (110) different clinical samples had been collected from hospitals looking for Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Importance of thrombocytosis in the diagnosis of asthma and pneumonia in children below five years
Authors: Mohammed Ali Aqeel , Shakir Haider Hasan , Hasan Asaad Fakhir , Al-Marzoki Jasim M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Thrombocytosis is divided into primary and secondary forms. Secondary form is common in children and associated with many conditions as infections, anemia, malignancy, inflammation, hyposplenism and tissue damage. Bacterial or viral infections (acute or chronic) are the most common cause for secondary thrombocytosis at any age during childhood. Objective: To study the role of thrombocytosis in the diagnosis of asthma and pneumonia. A total of 460 children were enrolled in this case-control study Children were categorized into 3 groups, asthma group which included 108 children, pneumonia group which included 262 children and control group which included 90 children. Exclusion criteria were anemia, recent surgery, acute blood loss, malignancy, connective tissue diseases and mixed cases of asthma and pneumonia. Mean platelet count in the pneumonia group was 374000/mm3 and percentage of children with thrombocytosis was 33%. Mean platelet count in the asthma group was 272000/mm3 and percentage of children with thrombocytosis was 13%. Mean platelet count in the control group was 265000/mm3 and percentage of children with thrombocytosis was 11.1%. Mean platelet count in pneumonia group was significantly higher than asthma group (p value<0.01) and control group (p value<0.01).
The protective effect of flagellin a and b as candidate vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections
Authors: Al-Anssari Mohammed Jaafar , Al-Charrakh Alaa H.
Published: April 2022

Background: Multi drug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa consider the main cause of morbidity in hospitalize patients suffering from chronic airway infections such as chronic pulmonary disease, pneumonia and cystic fibrosis (CF). Also, the rapidly development of antibiotic resistance to the last generations of a broad spectrum antibiotic were detected for many P. aeruginosa  isolates. Accordingly the vaccines have the potential to prevent and treatment such infections. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate active immunization strategies using flagellin in order to provide complete protection against MDR P. aeruginosa  clinical isolates in the acute fatal respiratory infection in animal model. Methods: Flagellin a and flagellin b purified partially from P. aeruginosa  as mentioned in previous study. After that the animals were immunized intranasally after sedative the animal by applying 10 μl of flagellin a (4.8 μg), or flagellin b (4.8 μgl) on each nostril for 100 mg weight of rat at weekly intervals. After week from the 6th dose, the animal were exposed to 2*107 CFU of P. aeruginosa  intranasally directly into each nostril.
Goal analysis of Lionel Messi’s 474 goals in LaLiga
Authors: Lama John , Lama Chhewang
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the goal-scoring pattern of Lionel Messi’s 474 goals in the LaLiga competitions. The research is delimited to Messi’s 474 goals in 520 appearances for FC Barcelona from the 2004 to 2021 seasons. The findings showed that Messi scored all of his 474 goals with a scoring rate of 0.91 goals per game. Among his 474 goals in LaLiga club competitions, 394 goals were scored from his left foot another 63 goals from the right foot and 17 goals from the headers. Messi scored different types of scoring in his 474 goals; he scored 373 goals in open play, 61goals from penalties and 40 goals from direct free-kicks. Among his 474 goals, 386 goals were scored from the penalty area i.e. inside goal area (63 goals) and outside goal area (323 goals) and the remaining 88 goals were scored from outside the penalty area. The studies conclude that among all of his 474 goals, Messi used his left foot as a dominant foot as compared to his right foot for goal scoring. The types of goals he scores are mostly in open play rather than penalties and direct free-kicks.
Major centres of Arabic and Islamic studies in India
Authors: Ansary Shafiqul Islam
Published: April 2022

Education in Islam is a concept based on verses o the Holy Qur’an as well as Hadiths which emphasized the positive advantage to be gained from the acquisition of knowledge. The foundation of Islam stands on five pillars, but the main foundation stands on two pillars; the first one is the Holy Qur’an and second one is Hadith. Islam is the religion of peace, it is one of the most sacred and trustworthy religions which has given us information in every aspect of life. Islam gives us education with knowledge. The Arabic institution was set up in 1960 which has tried to bridge the gap between traditional and modern education among the modern course, it mainly focuses on humanities and social sciences. The first institutions of Islamic learning were found in many cities like; Madras, Multan and Dubai where the Holy Qur’an and the Hadith were taught in mosques. Muhammad Gouri, the great ruler played a significant role in the development of Arabic learning and Islamic studies in India. Besides the traditional centre of Islamic learning, Indian government has always remained keen to the development of Arabic language and literature.
Novel approaches of gastro retentive drug delivery system
Authors: Vantimitta Sarovar Reddy , Jeganath S.
Published: April 2022

Oral route of drug administration is the most convenient route and accepted route of drug delivery. It is probable that at least 90% of all the drugs given by oral route. There are different drug deliveries to cure the diseases through oral route. Among them Gastroretentive drug delivery system plays an important and significant role in novel drug delivery systems. The floating systems, bioadhesive drug delivery system, expandable drug delivery system, high density systems, effervescent systems (Gas Generating systems), non-effervescent systems etc are  various approaches. The wide applications can be achieved through this delivery system are enhanced bioavailability, sustained drug delivery, site-specific drug delivery, absorption enhancement, mitigating adversity at colon etc.   In addition to specified above, the advantages and disadvantages, drugs and polymers used and the method of evaluation is also summarized in this review.
Biogat-fert technique for maximizing water and fertilizer units productivity for potato crop
Authors: Ragab S. A. , Elgindy A. M. , Gaballah M. S. , Mehanna H. M. , Arafa Y. E.
Published: April 2022

Biogat-fert technique ensure to maximizing water and fertilizer unit productivity  for potato crop, Two field experiments were carried out during growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, at research farm of National Research Centre in Nubaria region, Egypt to study management of biogat-fert technique on potato crop under drip irrigation system in sandy soil conditions. Study factors were fertigation techniques (fertigation, biogat-fert and fertilizers). The following parameters were studied to evaluate the effect of study factors: (1) mineral and biological fertilizers effect of soil, (2) microbial number, (3) NPK ratio, (4) Yield of potato, (5) water use efficiency of potato, (6) Crop water production function. The results conducted that soil fertility was enhanced greatly in bio-fertilizer treatment. The average total N, total P and total K in 0–40 cm soil layers increased to 29.17, 26.67and 36.7% respectively. The average CFU of bacteria in soil layers increased by 15 Time. After drip irrigation, the CFU of bacteria had increased further, and reached more than 7.8× 107 CFU/g dry soil in the 0–40 cm soil layers. The results showed that the application of different bio-fertilizer along with fertilizers revealed significant positive impact on crop yield.
COVID 19 pandemic and laws during it
Authors: Shrivastava Arteeka , Chakole Swaroopa
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is the fatal disease which is spreading all across the world. Multispectral impact can be seen on people’s lives most of them is adverse and negative impact. SUMMARY: COVID-19 is tackled by preventive measures and it needs the backing of laws and regulation to strengthen the fight against COVID-19. Various laws are invokes and needs to be revisited and followed in letter and spirit. CONCLUSION: The laws which invoked in the COVID-19 pandemic must have some checks and balancing mechanism most suitable a judicial oversight or supervision to properly and justly implement the law. Vaccine hesitancy can be seen among people as many anti-social elements are spreading lies about the dosages of vaccine. Therefore proper care needs to be taken care of such elements. Necessary changes in laws must be made in order to keep them relevant in modern times.
Age estimation by Antegonial Angle, depth measurement and tooth coronal index by digital panoramic radiography
Authors: Magar Shilpa Shaliputra , Magar Shaliputra Pralhad , Rangari Priyadarshini , Mishra Bibhu Prasad , Chhabada Amarpal Kour
Published: April 2022

Background: Estimating age in alive humans is a recent area undergoing exploration in forensic sciences. The relationship of pulp size and age as seen in radiographs is utilized by TCI (tooth coronal Index) for age estimation. Aim: The present study was carried out to use a cost-effective and simple method of estimating age using morphometric analysis of dental pulp. Methods: The study was completed on 160 subjects classified into 4 groups based on age including 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 years, followed by capturing digital radiographs (either OPG/ RVG). Morphometric analysis was then done using antegonial angle, depth, and TCI for age estimation, and the results were made.  Results: Coronal height of pulp, coronal height in the millimeters, and TCI on OPG were seen as 8.24±1.02, 2.55±0.66, and 30.48±6.59 respectively for 2nd premolar. For 1st molars, respective values of TCI, the coronal height of pulp, and coronal height were seen as 29.16±6.43, 2.65±0.68, and 9.01±1.05 respectively. Antegonial depth for the right side was 2.39±1.17, whereas, for the left side, it was 2.28±1.09. The result was statistically significant with p=0.015.
Analysis of transformational leadership style of junior high school principals of 30 Pekanbaru cities
Authors: Syofia Nuryenti , Yogia Moris Adidi , Prayuda Rendi , Prihatin Panca Setyo , Rosmayani Rosmayani , Ismardi Ismardi
Published: April 2022

The research aims to describe the transformational leadership style in the education sector for the principals of Junior High Schools 30 Pekanbaru. Today, organizational development includes actors as a characteristic pattern of a person in leading. It can be said that the success of an organization is determined by the quality of the leader and the failure of leadership is determined by the failure of the character of the person. So, in that case, someone must have a leadership style. One of the models/leadership styles in the world of education that is predicted to encourage the creation of effectiveness of educational institutions/institutions is the Transformational Leadership Style. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in library research. The results showed that the leadership style of the principals of Junior High Schools 30 Pekanbaru is oriented to a transformational leadership style seen from the indicators of Individual Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational motivation so that the principal can make an impact and improve school management and performance.
Granične situacije ljudske egzistencije kao topoi vjere i nade
Authors: Mijović Pavle
Published: April 2022

Granične situacije ljudske egzistencije nadilaze isključivo individualnu perspektivu te često ukazuju na šire socijetalne dinamike koje su hostilne za nesmetan razvoj osobnih i kolektivnih realnosti. U prvom dijelu rada granične situacije će biti analizirane unutar teorijskog okvira koji donosi Karl Jaspers. Antinomije koje karakteriziraju granične situacije promatrat ćemo iz perspektive odnosa znanstvenog i životnog svijeta. Husserlovo shvaćanje krize znanosti, posebice u vidu »gubljenja smisla« promatrat ćemo iz perspektive intersekcije znanstvenog optimizma i socijetalne krize. Na tragu navedene intersekcije razvijamo hipotezu kako su granične situacije dodatno potencirane unutar kriznog konteksta unutar kojeg znanstveni optimizam gubi stabilizirajuću funkciju te izaziva širu društvenu krizu. Drugi dio rada daje obrise jedne alternativne diskurzivne prakse. »Periferije ljudske egzistencije«, sintagma pape Franje poslužit će nam kao svojevrstan metodološki okvir promatranja graničnih situacija. Pluralitet i raznovrsnost graničnih situacije s jedne strane, a dinamizam životnog svijeta i društvenih okolnosti s druge, zahtijeva jednu multidisciplinarnu metodologiju koja nadilazi česte autoreferencijalne pristupe pojedinačnih znanosti. Donosimo kritički pregled fenomena autoreferencijalnosti te dajemo obrise jedne inkluzivne metode koja je u stanju potencirati povjerenje u društvenom okviru (Niklas Luhmann) stvarajući tako pogodan kontekst za ostvarenje tangibilne nade.
Logoterapija i psihičko stanje u kriznim situacijama
Authors: Sisek-Šprem Mirna
Published: April 2022

Kriza je vrlo teško stanje nakon kojeg se očekuje ili razrješenje ili katastrofa. U kriznoj se situaciji osoba susreće s opasnostima koje ne može razriješiti poznatim načinima rješavanja problema, što može izazvati poteškoće na kognitivnom, ponašajnom, emocionalnom i tjelesnom planu. U radu se prikazuje utjecaj kriznih situacija na psihičko stanje pojedinca, s naglaskom na krize koje su 2020. godine pogodile Hrvatsku (pandemija i potresi) kao i terapijske mogućnosti koje u kriznim situacijama pruža logoterapija. Hoće li krizna situacija dovesti do psihičkog oboljenja, ovisi o značajkama krize i osobinama pojedinca koji je krizi izložen. U društvu u kojem mnogi pate zbog osjećaja besmislenosti života, krizne situacije lako mogu dovesti do psihičkih bolesti. Logoterapija, psihoterapijska tehnika koja u svoje središte stavlja volju za smislom kao pokretačku snagu ljudskog života, pojedinca upućuje na prihvaćanje života kao zadatka, uz naglašavanje njegove duhovne dimenzije, može u vrijeme današnjih kriza biti od preventivne i kurativne važnosti.
Understanding Faith and the Image of
God in Young Believers Today
Authors: Begić Ana , Kutleša Mislav
Published: April 2022

John Rawls is one of the greatest philosophers in the field of moral theory and a representative of moderate liberalism. The main idea behind his work A Theory of Justice, published in 1971, is justice as fairness, or rather establishing a society in which social security of each individual would be guaranteed, with special emphasis on the care of those who are less privileged (social principle). In forming his moral theory he leans on Kant a great deal, on the tradition of the social contract, and he places the deontological moral against the utilitarian (teleological) one. The fact that in his theory he included a number of virtues typical of the Judeo-Christian tradition – fairness in choosing the principles of a just society, dignity of every human, the original position which means an ideal position (the Garden of Eden), the social principle (poor Lazarus), emphasizing mutual agreement (Babylon or Pentecost) – has encouraged a lively discussion among theologians. The absence of metaphysics, the fact, that these virtues are present in Rawls’ liberal theory in their secularised form, points to a certain ambiguity or even contradiction: on the one hand, it means a certain search within the liberalism itself (in a way scared of itself), while on the other hand liberalism with its method and starting points denies the possibility of recognizing certain virtues and their arguments.
El aula Invertida, estrategia metodológica para desarrollar competencias en la Educación Superior
Authors: Aburto Jarquín Pedro
Published: April 2022

El método de enseñanza conocido mundialmente como “Aula invertida”, “Sala volteada” o “Sala inversa”, es un método novedoso por el hecho de que prácticamente es reciente, creado en el 2010 por Jonathan Bergmann y Aaron Sams. El método consiste en invertir el papel del proceso, los estudiantes llevan a sus casas las orientaciones, es decir, la (s) tarea (s), vídeo (s) y todo aquel recurso didáctico que le permita llegar a conocer, entender y comprender lo que llegará a hacer en el aula, será cómo aplicar lo aprendido, cómo resolver el problema presentado. Además, permite una mejor atención personalizada para los mismos estudiantes. Ellos en esta modalidad, trabajan colaborativamente en equipo, participan activamente, se sugieren ideas creativas y se recomienda otras pautas importantes. Es decir, en el aula demuestra el saber hacer, el saber resolver, en su casa conoce, interpreta la tarea/problema.
Memes humorísticos, irreverencia y sátira contra dos exmandatarios guatemaltecos
Authors: Contreras Ana Yolanda
Published: April 2022

En abril de 2015 los guatemaltecos fueron informados por el Ministerio Público y la Comisión Internacional Contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG) que la vicepresidenta Roxana Baldetti lideraba una red mafiosa conocida como La Línea, y que a través de ella había cometido actos de corrupción, por los cuales sería juzgada. Meses más tarde, el presidente Otto Pérez Molina también fue arrestado y puesto a disposición de la justicia por su relación con el caso. Antes de los arrestos, muchos guatemaltecos acudieron a manifestaciones para expresar su descontento y rechazo al gobierno, así como para pedir la renuncia de los gobernantes. Mientras las protestas se llevaban a cabo, en diversas redes sociales circulaban memes humorísticos que condenaban la conducta corrupta y desvergonzada de dichos mandatarios. Este ensayo analiza algunos memes que circularon durante ese período de tiempo y enfoca en su función satírica, humorística, irreverente y crítica. El análisis se apoya en la teoría de M.M Bakhtin sobre la carnavalización y la aplica al contexto guatemalteco mostrando que los memes políticos funcionaron como un medio para contrarrestar el miedo, así como para contraponerse simbólicamente a la corrupción gubernamental.
Participación de la mujer en los procesos organizativos locales: Comunidad el Tambo-Tola, 2019-2020
Authors: M. Berroterán Josseline Yaleska
Published: April 2022

El estudio de los procesos organizativos en las comunidades permite comprender y entender el comportamiento de los involucrados, reconociendo el rol de la mujer y su nivel de participación en las actividades organizativas, esenciales para la autogestión de las necesidades de la comunidad. El artículo se centra en comprender e identificar las formas de participación local y las relaciones existentes entre los sujetos, desde una perspectiva de género. La lógica investigativa parte de la revisión teórica-conceptual y del trabajo de campo, apoyado de técnicas como la observación, las entrevistas y el grupo focal, permitiendo ahondar en el análisis a través del relato de los habitantes de la comunidad y en específico de las mujeres. El estudio concretiza sobre la estructura organizacional de la comunidad El Tambo, en sus diferentes dimensiones, política, social y económica, así como en los mecanismos y espacios de diálogo desarrollados en la comunidad y el rol de la mujer en esos procesos organizativos.
La comunicación en el proceso educativo, una mirada desde el Covid-19, estudio desarrollado en I año de medicina, FAREM-ESTELÍ, II semestre 2020
Authors: Farrach Graciela Alejandra , Téllez Flores Ana Teodora
Published: April 2022

La comunicación en el aula es esencial para desarrollar el proceso de aprendizaje y amerita que revisemos cómo nos comunicamos en el aula, fuera de ella y en medio de la pandemia del COVID-19. Así que, se pueden planificar estrategias comunicativas en el ámbito universitario y la academia no puede quedarse a la zaga. Este estudio se centra en las estrategias comunicativas, acompañadas de estrategias metodológicas activas que propician un aprendizaje significativo en la asignatura de Técnicas de Investigación Documental, en la carrera de Medicina, de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria (FAREM), Estelí. El enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo y transeccional, apoyada en el método estudio de caso. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de técnicas como: análisis documental, entrevista, grupo focal, encuesta y observación. En el estudio se evidencia que la comunicación se desarrolló de manera asertiva, empleando distintos tipos de comunicación para empatizar, motivar y captar la atención de los discentes. Las relaciones interpersonales fueron colaborativas y afectivas, lo que permitió la apropiación consciente y significativa de los contenidos. Ello contribuyó a la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje, verificado en las expresiones, verbales, gestuales y en la producción de artículos. Con este fin, disponemos una recopilación de metodologías activas, fundamentadas en los tipos de comunicación, material de aprendizajes significativos.
Le nuove Norme sui delitti riservati alla Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede. Prime considerazioni
Authors: Gentile Claudio
Published: April 2022

SOMMARIO: 1. Inquadramento giuridico - 2. La nuova edizione delle Norme - 3. Conclusioni.

The new Norms Regarding Delicts Reserved To The Congregation For The Doctrine Of The Faith. First considerations

ABSTRACT: On December 7, 2021, the “third edition” of the Norms Regarding Delicts Reserved To The Congregation For The Doctrine Of The Faith issued by Pope Francis with a rescript of the previous October 8 was published. The text updates the Norms currently in force, issued by John Paul II in 2001 and modified by Benedict XVI in 2010, adapting them to the reformed Book VI of the CIC. The revision made it possible to incorporate the laws enacted in recent years regarding the abuse of minors by clerics and to regulate what has been followed by the Congregation itself. This work, indicating the legislative changes, offers some initial considerations.
Effects of Roasting Periods on the Nutritive Value of Telfaira occidentalis (Fluted Pumpkin) Seeds
Authors:   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, Nigeria, Miteu Goshen D. , Ezeh Blessing C. ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria
Published: April 2022

Effect of roasting on the proximate composition, anti-nutrients, and selected mineral components of fluted pumpkin seeds were obtained by extracting the seeds from the pod, sun drying, and dividing them into three portions, one untreated and the other two roasted for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The samples were pulverized separately using a mechanical grinder and chemically analyzed. After employing different roasting time ranging from 0 minutes to 60 minutes; moisture content reduced from 0.86-0.27% with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 53%, crude protein reduced from 30.28-21.46% with a CV of 19%, crude fiber 2.06-2.49% with a CV of 10%, ash content 4.13-4.33% with a CV of 5%, fat content 38.13-37.75% with a CV of 1.2%, and carbohydrate 24.54-32.70% with a CV 16%. Copper changed from 0.303 to 0.114% with a CV of 100%, lead from 1.070 to 0.007% with a CV of 128%, potassium from 7.54 to 7.62% with a CV of 0.68%, and calcium from 0.513-0.20% with a CV of 20.62%. The anti-nutrient, on the other hand, exhibited a steady reduction. Oxalate concentrations changed from 148.5-104.5% with a CV of 17%, cyanide concentrations from 0.5 to 0.4% with a CV of 14%, and phytate concentrations from 425.1-175.0% with a CV of 45%. On the other hand, processing times increased the amount of ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, lead, potassium, and calcium in the product. The anti-nutrient decreased as the processing time grew. As a result of processing fluted pumpkin seeds for 60 minutes, fluted pumpkin seeds of greater protein content are produced, which can be used as a food supplement.
"POINT OF VIEW" IN NOVEL "IN COLD BLOOD" BY T. CAPOTE/«ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ» В РОМАНЕ Т. КАПОТЕ «ХЛАДНОКРОВНОЕ УБИЙСТВО»
Authors: Mkrtchyan N.
Published: April 2022

The paper provides a narratological analysis of the points of view that Truman Capote chooses to narrate the real story of the murder of the Clutter family. Writing ―In Cold Blood‖, he created a new narrative form, which gave rise to the development of "new journalism" and was called non-fiction novel./В данной статье проведен нарратологический анализ точек зрения, которые Трумен Капоте выбирает для того, чтобы рассказать реальную историю об убийстве семьи Клаттеров. Своей книгой «Хладнокровное убийство» он создал новую повествовательную форму, которая дала начало развитию «нового журнализма» и получила название роман нонфикшн.
Gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan (PJOK) selama pandemi covid-19 di sekolah dasar
Authors: Mustafa Ahmad Farid
Published: April 2022

Pembelajaran PJOK selama pandemi Covid-19 tidak dapat dilakukan di semua area karena harus mengikuti anjuran pemerintah menjaga jarak dan menghindari kerumunan. Oleh karena itu pasti dalam penerapan dilapangan akan mendapatkan berbagai macam persoalan saat proses pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyelesaian studi yakni literatur review dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Jurnal Olahraga Pendidikan Indonesia (JOPI). Dengan kata kunci “physical education” “pendidikan jasmani” “PJOK” “pandemi covid-19” “sekolah dasar”, yang dipublikasikan rentang tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) selama pandemi covid-19 di sekolah dasar yaitu  pembelajaran melalui TVRI (Televisi Republik Indonesia), Pendidikan Jarak Jauh dengan Multimedia, yaitu video based learning, penggunaan Google Classroom, Aplikasi pengiriman pesan (WhatsApp dan WeChat) serta pelaksanaan pembelajaran hibrid (hybrid learning) atau blended learning. Sedangkan, kendala pembelajaran PJOK pada kondisi Covid-19 di sekolah dasar yakni penyusunan sumber belajar yang tepat, efisien, dan efektif. Meskipun telah menggunakan video tutorial, namun kurangnya hubungan interaktif antara guru dan siswa dalam pelajaran PJOK, membuat pembelajaran kurang optimal, gangguan suara dari aktivitas orang-orang di sekitar rumah, serta ketidaksiapan orang tua murid dalam membantu anak belajar secara daring.
Pembelajaran PJOK kondisi pandemi covid-19 pada siswa sekolah dasar
Authors: Junianto Tri
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran PJOK kondisi pandemi covid-19 pada siswa SD Negeri Rejomulyo Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei yang instrumennya menggunakan kuisoner. Subjek yang terlibat adalah siswa SD Negeri Rejomulyo Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan sejumlah 53 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa pembelajaran mata pelajaran PJOK pada masa pandemi covid-19 pada siswa SDN Rejomulyo Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan 100% dilaksanakan dengan beberapa metode. 81% menggunakan metode pembelajaran daring, 62% perangkat digital handphone yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran milik orangtua/ saudara, 55% akses jaringan internet yang di gunakan dengan cara menumpang, 53% pengoprasian perangkat digital handphone dilakukan sendiri, 42% tanggapan peserta didik biasa-biasa saja mengenai kegiatan pembelajaran PJOK kondisi pandemi covid-19.
Women in the Informal Sector of the North Eastern States and India
Authors:   Department of Economics, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Mawkhiew Badaiahunlang
Published: April 2022

In India as well as in the rest of the world, the formal sector has been unable to absorb the increasing number of women job seekers (especially those with lower educational level or skills). This has made the women to seek employment in the informal sector of the economy. As a result, with time and as population increases, one may observe an increase in the number of women in the informal sector like in manufacturing and trade. Based on that, the present study aims to examine the female ownership of the informal sector enterprises in India and in particular in the North Eastern States (NES) and the changes throughout time. The data used for the study were taken from the 67th and 73rdNational Sample Survey Office (NSSO) rounds. By using descriptive statistics like percentages and averages, the study found wide differences in terms of the percentage of female/male/transgender owned enterprises from the total number of informal sector enterprises (proprietary and partnership ownership) among the North Eastern States (NES) as well as other states/UTs of the country. The study also shown that there has been a lower share of female compared to male owned informal sector enterprises across various states and UTs in India. It was also observed that there has been a lesser increase in female owned enterprises (both in total and average) during the period of study both among the NES and the other states and UTs. Similarly, the percentage increase during the period has also been lower in case of female than male owned informal sector enterprises.
National Security vs Privacy in India
Authors:   Dept. of Political Science, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Kharpor Aneesha A.
Published: April 2022

Privacy and national security have assumed a limelight position in contemporary times. While privacy is one of the fundamental human rights that serve as a pivot in the preservation of human dignity, national security is the defense and protection of the citizenry of a country. But the growing contest of strength between citizen privacy and national security has once again renewed the concerns of where a fine line of balance should be drawn between them. The advancement in the technological world has made it viable for the Government to gather data and store hundreds of data points on every individual and this has put the individual’s privacy lower and threaten. This article analyses the concept of an individual’s privacy in India and the appraise link with national security. This article also discusses the various facets of privacy and national security, and it also takes the views of the citizens of the country with regards to the altercation between national security and privacy.
Distant effect of monsoon depressions- Part I: Effect of formation of depressions on rainfall activity along the west coast of India
Authors: MUKHERJEE AK , SHYAMALA B
Published: April 2022

At the time of formation of monsoon depressions over northwest/head Bay fore casters generally issue heavy rainfall forecast for the Konkan-Karnataka coasts; but heavy rainfall is  not realised in all cases, In this paper we have analysed all the 111 depressions that formed over northwest/head Bay during the period 1956-75 with a view to identify the synoptic differences between the occasions when the monsoon depression forming over the Bay, increases the rainfall activity over the Konkan-Karnataka coasts and when it does not.
Culture and Sensitivity Patterns of Various Bacteriological Agents among Children Admitted in Pediatric Department
Authors: Farrukh Riffat , Masood Shaheen , Nasir Farhina , Rizvi Qamar , Shakoor Ibrahim , Naseer Amber
Published: April 2022

The Culture of numerous contaminated fluids of the body are commonly used to determine the aetiology of infection and to help medicine specialists and pediatricians to select the suitable antimicrobial treatment. The objective of this analysis is to govern the culture and sensitivity patterns to bacteriological agents’ grownup in children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was held at the Paediatric Medicine department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi, for one-year duration from November 2020 to November 2021. All ≤15-year-old children who met the criteria for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were included in the study. Any body fluids or blood were cultivated in the suitable medium as specified. The sensitivity pattern and profile of the cultured microorganisms were recorded and documented in a pre-designed data sheet. SPSS v.22 was applied for data analysis. Results: Of the 300 patients enrolled, 51 (17%) developed multiple organisms in culture and these have been described in more detail. Of these 51 patients with positive culture, 47.1% were male with a M:F ratio of 1.3: 1. Of the 51 patients, 21 (41.2%) were less than one- year old, and 14 (27.5%) were one to five years old, 9 (17.6%) was between 5 and 10 years old and 7 (13.7%) were 10 to 15 years of age. Twenty-three patients (45.1%) showed an increase in microorganisms in the blood smear. Throat swab, tracheal secretions and sputum cultures were positive in 11 patients (21.6%), CSF cultures were positive in 13 (25.5%), and urine cultures in 10 (19.6%), Swabs (ear and skin) cultures were positive in 7 (13.7%) and 3 (5.9%) have positive pleural fluid cultures. The most frequently isolated microorganism is Salmonella spp. (17.6%), Klebsiella spp. (15.7%), Escherichia coli (11.8%), Acinetobacter (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes (7.8%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.9%) and Enterobacter spp. (7.23%). Conclusions: The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., E coli and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibiotics resistance in various cultures is a warning in contradiction of overuse of antibiotics.
MEASUREMENT OF NASAL INDEX IN BHAKTAPUR REGION: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Makaju Sarbada , Adhikari Shradha , Rai Chandra Kala
Published: April 2022

Background: The nose is most projection part of the face. Anatomically, the shape of the nose is pyramidal with its apex faces upward and the base faces downwards. It plays an important role in respiration, phonation and aesthetic. The shape of the nose varies according to the different geographical region owing to climate and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to assess the nasal index among the citizens of Bhaktapur.
Methods: The study was conducted on 385 population of Bhaktapur between 1 Aug 2020-Aug 2021. The frequency of the nasal index was analysed. The vernier calliper was used to measure the height and width of nose. The data was analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version.
Results: In this study, the highest prevalence of nasal index in Bhaktapur region was mesorrhine 235 (61.0%). In the gender, the highest prevalence of the Nasal Index was mesorrhine. In the ethnicity also mesorrhine types of the Nasal Index was found.
Conclusions: This study concludes that commonest nasal index of the population of Bhaktapur fall under mesorrhine type of nose. The sexual dimorphism was not significant in both the gender as it showed mesorrhine types in both gender. Whereas among the ethnicity, the Brahmin and Newar sharing the almost the same result.
ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES - A CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCHERS IN NEPAL
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Jha Nisha
Published: April 2022

NA
GIANT PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA OF THE MANDIBLE: CASE REPORT OF A RARE AND DISTINCT PATHOLOGY
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Khanal Nikita
Published: April 2022

Peripheral ossifying fibroma usually presents as a small, pedunculated, gingival nodule, the pathogenesis of which is believed to be reactive rather than neoplastic. The lesion is typically less than two cm in size; however, there are reported cases where the lesion grew quite large. The oversize mass-like clinical appearance might be confused for other similar neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity, and the radiographic presentation of soft tissue calcification may lead to misdiagnosis; however, the histological features are diagnostic. There are very few cases reported of a giant POF; hence, we present a new case of a giant mandibular POF that was managed with resection and reconstruction. A brief review of previously reported cases on the clinical presentation, radiographic features, treatment modalities, and outcomes is performed to inform clinical decision making. This lesion represents a distinct clinical entity with a set of features requiring recognition for accurate diagnosis and a radical management approach due to its aggressive growth and a high recurrence rate.
SATISFACTION WITH AND UTILIZATION PATTERNS OF SOCIAL SECURITY ALLOWANCE AMONG SENIOR CITIZEN IN BHARATPUR WARD NO-6, NEPAL
Authors: Poudel Eak Narayan , Khanal Gayatri , Koirala Subash
Published: April 2022

Background: The quality of the senior citizens has become a public health concern. The Quality of the life of senior citizen is affected by many factors. Among them one of the strong factors is social security allowance. Misuse on social security allowance and dissatisfaction is increasingly recognized among senior citizens hence, the present study aimed to explore satisfaction with and utilization of the old age allowance among older people.
Methods: The Community based cross-sectional study using face to face interview was carried out among senior citizen in Bharatpur Metropolitan ward no -6. Asystematic Random sampling method was used. We used IBM Statistical software version 20 to carry descriptive and bivariate analysis.
Results: Around 134(77.4%) respondent mentioned that, they were capable to spend their Social Security Allowance themselves. Senior citizen was satisfied with the social security allowance given by government while 38.7% were unsatisfied. Satisfaction status of social security allowance significantly associated with living condition [with familymembers (COR=3.18; CI=1.54-6.57)], occupation[other than farm (COR=2.18; CI=1.16-4.09)]
Conclusions: The Social security Allowance for senior citizen is a necessary and proper utilization can give important contribution to older people connected with family and community.
EVALUATION OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND FEEDBACK ABOUT TEACHING-LEARNING PHARMACOLOGY IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors: Bhurtyal Karma Murti , Karki Sirisa , Paudel Gita , Baral Sanjay Raj , Gautam Ashish , Chaurasiya Roshan Kumar , Khanal Unisha
Published: April 2022

Background: Learners’ feedback is considered an effective tool in evaluating teaching-learning methods and revising curriculum. The aim of the present study was to assess perception and feedback of undergraduate medical students towards teaching-learning pharmacology.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among 183 undergraduate medical students of Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan Nepal from March 2021 to April 2021.. Perception and feedback of students towards teaching-learning pharmacology was assessed using a pretested and validated questionnaire.
Results: More than half (53.6 %) of the students reported pharmacology as their favorite subject, but only 27.4 % students would opt to pursue post-graduation in the same subject. Majority of the students opined a review of curriculum was necessary with inclusion of recent advances (86.4 %) and emphasis on national health problems (83 %) with a change in assessment (inclusion of multiple choice questions) (83 %). Liquid-crystal display (LCD) projector and whiteboard combined was chosen as the ideal teaching-learning media and group discussion as the ideal teaching-learning method by 85.2 % and 53.6% of students respectively. Majority of the students suggested more use of audio-visual aids (94.5%) and inclusion of case-based learnings (98.9 %) into the curriculum.
Conclusions: Perception of students towards teaching-learning pharmacology was positive. A review of the current curriculum with inclusion of a new assessment tool was suggested.
COMPARISON OF TOTAL SERUM BILIRUBIN AND TRANSCUTANEOUS BILIRUBIN IN NEONATES WITH HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA
Authors: Shrestha Sandeep , Shrestha Binod Man , Prajapati Bina
Published: April 2022

Background: Jaundice is considered as one of the most prevalent and common clinical problems during neonatal period which may require interventional treatment. Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is a simple method for estimating bilirubin levels and diagnosing jaundice in neonates. This study was done to compare transcutaneous bilirubin and total serum bilirubin in jaundiced neonates.
Methods: A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study of neonates from Out Patient Department, Emergency Ward, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with clinical jaundice was conducted between January 2016 and December 2016, at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj, Nepal. A total of 162 neonates were interviewed using preformed questionnaires. Then the correlation between the transcutaneous bilirubin and plasma bilirubin level was assessed by linear regression analysis. It was then analyzed with the help of SPSS Version 20. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of 162 cases, 61.7% were males and 38.3% were females. There was a high correlation between TcB and TSB level in neonates (r = 0.981) and this finding was statistically significant (p-value<0.001). Correlation coefficient of 0.98 and 0.97 were found in term and preterm neonates respectively, which suggested strong correlation between TcB and TSB in both groups of neonates.
Conclusions: Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement can be considered as a suitable tool for predicting neonatal bilirubinemia as it has high sensitivity.
دراسة تحليلية للتكيف النفسي لتدريسي كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في بغداد عند أستخدامهم التعليم الألكتروني
Authors: سحاب اسماعيل  , نجلاء عباس
Published: April 2022

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على مستوى التكيف النفسي لتدريسي كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في بغداد عند أستخدامهم التعليم الألكتروني، واعتمد المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب المسح على عينة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعات محافظة بغداد (بغداد الجادرية، بغداد للبنات، المستنصرية) الذين يُدَرِسون بالتعليم الألكتروني للعام الدراسي (2020/2021) والمستمرين بالدوام البالغ عددهم (120) فرد اختيروا عشوائياً من مجتمعهم بنسبة (39.217%)، وتبنت الباحثتنان مقياس التكيف النفسي كادة رئيسة للقياس في البحث وطبق عليهم للمدة الممتدة من يوم (18/4/2021) ولغاية يوم (27/5/2021)، وبعد جمع استمارات المقياس الورقية من القياس المباشر لهم تمت معالجة النتائج بنظام (SPSS) كانت الاستخلاصات والتطبيقات بأنه يمتلك أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة مستوى غير مستحسن من التكيف النفسي لأنخفاض مستواه لديهم بأستخدامهم للتعليم الألكتروني، ولدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة مستويات متفاوته من التكيف النفسي لأستخدامهم التعليم الألكتروني تتصدرها المستوى المستحسن من التكيف الإجتماعي للتعليم الألكتروني والتكيف لأتساع الأفق المعرفي، وغير المستحسن بضعف التكيف النفسي في مجال التكيف لبيئة الواقع الأفتراضي، ولابد من أهتمام كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة بصرف مخصصات مالية كساعات إضافية بعد الدوام إلى أعضاء هيئة التدريس ممن يدروسون طلبتهم ألكترونياً تعزيزاً لدورهم فيه أو سد أشتراكاتهم المالية لأجور الانترنيت من منازلهم على أقل تقدير لما لهم من دور في رفع مستوى التكيف النفسي.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON STAFF PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya , Kanchipuram, Ms. SUSHMA Dr. C K GOMATHY, Ms. N. VENKATA LAKSHMI, Ms. SIREESHA,
Published: April 2022

The motive for a person's behavior is motivation. Employee performance evaluation has become an essential component of the general organization, and organization’s spend enormous sums of money and resources on it every year. South Ural State University has adopted a performance appraisal strategy to increase staff productivity, as well as a number of motivating techniques to help employees feel like they belong. This study investigates the impact of motivation on employee performance at South Ural State University, with the goal of determining whether employees at South Ural State University are motivated, what motivates them, and what productivity levels will be achieved as a result of effective employee motivation. South Ural State University personnel were the focus of the study, which included 250 people. This study will assist in building progress towards organizational goals- individuals or structures seeking to grasp how employee performance might be tormented by how well motivated they 're, might depend on findings of this study which came across a conclusion through a descriptive method that there's a major relationship between motivation and employee performance. Keywords: Motivation, Employee performance, Employee productivity.
The Fight against Terrorism in the Ring of Sovereignty
Authors: Akbari Bahman
Published: April 2022

Westphalian sovereignty sometimes is a barrier to address the common concerns of the international community. The long-standing problem of definition of terrorism is a clear example. However, states abandoned such conception of sovereignty in response to international terrorism over the last two decades. The main instruments for this change were Security Council resolutions which imposed general far-reaching obligations on all states. While some regard this Council’s approach as quasi-legislative and ultra vires, according to this article it was a necessary step which gave rise to the integration of states’ efforts to confront international terrorism; otherwise, the legal vacuums caused by the lack of agreement on the definition of terrorism would never have been filled.
UPAYA PEMBINAAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA MELALUI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER ROHIS DI MADRASAH ALIYAH FATHUL ANWAR KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU
Authors: Restiana Dwi , Maria Ulfa Neneng Siti
Published: April 2022

Permasalahan penelitian ini tentang karakter religius siswa yakni masih adanya siswa yang tidak shalat berjamaah, serta masih adanya siswa yang membeli makanan di kantin dengan tidak jujur dalam membayarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter religius siswa melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rohis di Madrasah Aliyah Fathul Anwar Kabupaten Rokan Hulu dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya pembinaan karakter religius melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rohis di Madrasah Aliyah Fathul Anwar Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Metode penelitian ini yakni kualitatif dengan bentuk deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yakni siswa yang ikut rohis di Madrasah Aliyah Fathul Anwar Kabupaten Rokan Hulu dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 40 siswa, sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini yakni upaya pembinaan karakter religius siswa melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler rohis di Madrasah Aliyah Fathul Anwar  Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Upaya pembinaan karakter religius melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler rohis yang dilakukan oleh guru sudah baik, sebagaimana upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dengan berbagai metode pembinaannya yakni dengan kajian risalah Nabi, membaca Al-Qur’an, Mengerjakan shalat berjamaah tepat waktu, melakukan kegiatan sosial saat ada teman terkena musibah serta melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan kepemimpinan dalam bentuk diskusi maupun praktek kerja langsung pada siswa