bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Vitamins Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Xin , Zhang Yumei
Published: December 2024

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, which is characterized by the uncontrolled and overwhelming peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Ferroptosis has been implicated in the progression of various pathologies, including steatotic liver, heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Targeted inhibition of ferroptosis provides a promising strategy to treat ferroptosis-related diseases. Multivitamins, including vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K, have shown a good ability to inhibit ferroptosis. For example, vitamin A significantly upregulated the expression of several key ferroptotic gatekeepers genes through nuclear retinoic acid receptors and retinoic X receptors (RAR/RXR). Vitamin B6 could compensate for the impaired glutathione (GSH) levels and restore Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression in cells, ultimately inhibiting ferroptosis. Vitamin D could up-regulate the expression of several anti-ferroptosis proteins by activating vitamin D receptors. Vitamin E and hydroquinone vitamin K (VKH2) can directly inhibit the propagation of lipid peroxidation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize the currently understood mechanisms by which vitamins inhibit ferroptosis to provide reference information for future research on the development of ferroptosis inhibitors.
Controlled Text Generation of Lung Cancer Descriptions for Small Sample Data
Authors: Dang Xiaochao , Zhao Zhengzhang , Li Fenfang
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer represents one of the most significant malignant tumors in terms of its threat to the health and life of the population, exhibiting the fastest growing incidence and mortality rates. The utilization of natural language processing methodologies for the analysis of lung cancer data can facilitate the detection, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Given the sensitive nature of patient data and the difficulty in obtaining a substantial quantity of reliable information, the majority of previous studies have utilized publicly accessible datasets on lung cancer. However, publicly available datasets lack detailed descriptions of patients’ symptoms and personal information. Furthermore, the quality and authenticity of the generated text are difficult to ensure, which presents challenges for lung cancer-related research. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a controlled text generation method for lung cancer symptom descriptions in the context of small sample data. The method involves two key steps: firstly, the small sample dataset is expanded through an unsupervised learning approach, and secondly, compliant texts are generated by a generator. The method was found to be superior to other unsupervised methods in terms of ROUGE value and other indexes through experimental comparison. Furthermore, the generated text was found to be more closely aligned with the symptom descriptions of patients in real cases through manual evaluation, which provides valuable insights for lung cancer and related research.
Research on a UAV-View Object-Detection Method Based on YOLOv7-Tiny
Authors: Miao Yuyang , Wang Xihan , Zhang Ning , Wang Kai , Shao Lianhe , Gao Quanli
Published: December 2024

To address the issues of missed and false detections caused by small object sizes, dense object distribution, and complex scenes in drone aerial images, this study proposes a drone-view object-detection algorithm based on YOLOv7-tiny with a Partial_C_Detect detection head. The algorithm’s performance in handling object occlusion and multi-scale detection is enhanced by introducing the VarifocalLoss loss function and improving the feature fusion network to BiFPN. Furthermore, incorporating the novel Partial_C_Detect detection head and Adaptive Kernel Convolution (AKConv) improves the detection capabilities for small and dynamically changing objects. In addition, introducing the Dilated Weighted Residual (DWR) attention module optimizes the information processing flow, enhancing the algorithm’s ability to capture key information, especially in complex backgrounds. These enhancements collectively enable the model to balance high detection accuracy and computational efficiency, making it well-suited for resource-constrained UAV platforms. Experiments conducted on the VisDrone2019 dataset show that the improved algorithm achieves a mAP@0.5 of 38.2%, with a model size of 29.01 MB and a computational complexity of 16.2 G. Compared to the original YOLOv7-tiny algorithm, the mAP@0.5 improves by 2.9%, and the algorithm performs better in other key performance metrics, demonstrating its adaptability and robustness in drone aerial image object-detection tasks.
Deep Learning-Based Algorithms for Real-Time Lung Ultrasound Assisted Diagnosis
Authors: Muñoz Mario , Rubio Adrián , Cosarinsky Guillermo , Cruza Jorge F. , Camacho Jorge
Published: December 2024

Lung ultrasound is an increasingly utilized non-invasive imaging modality for assessing lung condition but interpreting it can be challenging and depends on the operator’s experience. To address these challenges, this work proposes an approach that combines artificial intelligence (AI) with feature-based signal processing algorithms. We introduce a specialized deep learning model designed and trained to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of lung ultrasound images by automating the detection and location of pulmonary features, including the pleura, A-lines, B-lines, and consolidations. Employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on a semi-automatically annotated dataset, the model delineates these pulmonary patterns with the objective of enhancing diagnostic precision. Real-time post-processing algorithms further refine prediction accuracy by reducing false-positives and false-negatives, augmenting interpretational clarity and obtaining a final processing rate of up to 20 frames per second with accuracy levels of 89% for consolidation, 92% for B-lines, 66% for A-lines, and 92% for detecting normal lungs compared with an expert opinion.
Three-Dimensional Hyperbolic Mesh Generation Method Based on the Neural Network
Authors: Yue Huaijun , Li Zhongyou , Xu Kairen , Jiang Wentao
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the limitations of the traditional hyperbolic mesh generation method, specifically the limited types of boundary control strategy along the advancing direction and the inability to control the outer boundary, this paper employs physics-informed neural networks with output range constraints to approximate the solutions of the governing equations that are used to generate the hyperbolic mesh. After transforming the form of the governing equations, the solution was fitted using the neural network driven solely by boundary data. By incorporating the governing equations and the boundary conditions into the loss function, the neural network method can directly control the boundaries along the advancing direction. For the outer boundary, a novel variance constraint strategy was proposed. Based on the proposed method, meshes were generated for three-dimensional surfaces and three-dimensional solids derived from the terrain surface. The quality of these meshes was compared with the traditional method. The results demonstrate that this method can effectively achieve boundary control during the hyperbolic mesh generation process and consistently produces high-quality hyperbolic meshes. Therefore, neural network-based hyperbolic mesh generation is an effective approach to achieving boundary control, which can further enhance the applicability of hyperbolic mesh generation methods.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study on the Shear Behavior of Rock-like Specimens with Non-Persistent Joints
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Hongqi , Li Zhaoying
Published: December 2024

Shear failure of non-persistent joints represents a significant contributing factor to rock mass instability. Since non-persistent joints have various parameter characteristics, it is of great practical importance to explore shear behavior with different parameters for preventing geological disasters and engineering construction. In this study, the effects of joint aperture, joint persistency, and normal stress on the shear behavior of non-persistent persistent joints were investigated by combining indoor tests with numerical simulations. Firstly, an indoor direct shear test was carried out to examine the shear stress, normal displacement, and failure patterns from a macroscopic perspective. Then, a numerical model was constructed using the FEM-CZM method to analyze the stress evolution process of non-persistent joint shear failure from a microscopic perspective. The results show that within the scope of the research, the peak shear strength of non-persistent joints is negatively correlated with joint aperture and joint persistency and positively correlated with normal stress. The residual shear strength is negatively correlated with joint persistency and positively correlated with normal stress. Peak normal displacement is negatively correlated with joint aperture and normal stress, and final normal displacement is negatively correlated with joint persistency and normal stress. The failure pattern of non-persistent joints is affected by internal stress. As joint aperture, joint persistency, and normal stress increase, stress concentration at the rock bridge intensifies, the width of the shear failure zone diminishes, and the specimen changes from tensile failure or mixed failure to shear failure. The research results may enrich the understanding of the shear behavior of non-persistent joints and provide some reference value for safe construction and geological hazard protection.
Research on Optimization of Target Positioning Error Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform
Authors: Li Yinglei , Hu Qingping , Sun Shiyan , Zhou Yuxiang , Ying Wenjian
Published: December 2024

Achieving precise target localization for UAVs is a complex problem that is often discussed. In order to achieve precise spatial localization of targets by UAVs and to solve the problems of premature convergence and easy to fall into local optimum in the original dung beetle algorithm, an error handling method based on the coordinate transformation of an airborne measurement system and the dung beetle optimization with crisscross and 3 Sigma Rule optimization (CCDBO) is proposed. Firstly, the total standard deviation is calculated by integrating the carrier position, the attitude angle, the pod azimuth, the pitch angle, and the given alignment error of the pod’s orientation. Subsequently, the Taylor series expansion method is adopted to linearize the approximated coordinate transformation process and simplify the error propagation model. Finally, in order to further improve the positioning accuracy, a target position correction strategy with the improved dung beetle optimization algorithm is introduced. The simulation and flight experiment results show that this method can significantly reduce the target positioning error of UAVs and improve the positioning accuracy by 20.42% on average compared with that of the original dung beetle algorithm, which provides strong support for the high-precision target observation and identification of UAVs in complex environments.
Reliability Study of Weight-Bearing Upper Extremity Sway Test Performed on a Force Plate in the One-Handed Plank Position
Authors: Oleksy Łukasz , Mika Anna , Kuchciak Maciej , Bril Grzegorz , Sopa Martyna , Stolarczyk Artur , Adamska Olga , Kielnar Renata , Zyznawska Joanna , Dzięcioł-Anikiej Zofia , Witkowski Jarosław , Deszczyński Jarosław Michał
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to determine the intra-rater and test–retest reliability of an upper extremity sway test performed in the one-handed plank position on a force plate and to establish if there are any between-limb differences in assessment with either open or closed eyes. (2) Methods: Fifteen males participated in this study (23.1 ± 2.3 years; 71.2 ± 7.4 kg; 175 ± 4 cm). The sway test (ST) on the force plate was performed during two separate visits, with a one-week interval between tests performed with eyes open and closed, separately for the left and right upper limbs. (3) Results: Intra-rater reliability for measurements with eyes open and closed on both the left and right sides was good to excellent for almost all variables (ICC = 0.84–0.96). Moderate reliability was observed only for the center of pressure (COP) area. Test–retest reliability was somewhat lower. With eyes open and closed, good to excellent reliability was observed for COP length and velocity in the M-L direction and for the total COP length (ICC = 0.77–0.95). However, for COP length and velocity in the A-P direction, as well as for COP area, reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.58–0.70). No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in any variable. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the upper limb sway test performed on a force plate in the one-handed plank position, both with eyes open and closed, is a reliable measurement option and has practical applications in clinical settings, including for baseline assessments, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention strategies.
MPIFNet: A Multi-Path Information Fusion Fault Diagnosis Network Based on Time Series Two-Dimensional Transformation
Authors: Zang Chaowei , Liang Yingxin , Niu Qiang
Published: December 2024

Vibration signal analysis, which aims to monitor and assess the operational status of mechanical systems in real time, has proven to be an effective method for fault diagnosis. As a crucial component of hoisting equipment, the identification of fault signals in rolling bearings is of paramount importance. However, in practical industrial applications, fault diagnosis often fails to achieve satisfactory results. The challenges stem from the fact that vibration signals generated during the operation of rolling bearings are often accompanied by complex noise, which significantly impairs the accurate identification of fault characteristics. To address this issue, a multi-path information fusion fault diagnosis network (MPIFNet) has been proposed for rolling bearings. Specifically, a time series two-dimensional transformation module is introduced to extract key periodic features from the time series signals, thereby extending the original one-dimensional signal into two-dimensional space. Additionally, the multi-path time series extractor is designed to represent multi-scale features. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, achieving state-of-the-art performance on a public dataset. The potential extends beyond academic applications, offering significant benefits for industrial settings, including cost savings, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced safety by minimizing the risk of unexpected failures in critical machinery.
Lightweight Neural Network Optimization for Rubber Ring Defect Detection
Authors: Gao Weihan , Huang Ziyi , Hu Haijun
Published: December 2024

Surface defect detection based on machine vision and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is an important and necessary process that enables rubber ring manufacturers to improve production quality and efficiency. However, such automatic detection always consumes substantial computer resources to guarantee detection accuracy. To solve this problem, in this paper, a CNN optimization algorithm based on the Ghost module is presented. First, the convolutional layer is replaced with the Ghost module in CNNs so that feature maps can be generated using cheaper linear operations. Second, an optimization method is used to obtain the best replacement of the Ghost module to balance computer resource consumption and detection accuracy. Finally, an image preprocessing method that includes inverting colors is applied. This algorithm is integrated into YOLOv5, trained on a dataset of rubber ring surface defects. Compared to the original network, the network size decreases by 30.5% and the computational cost decreases by 23.1%, whereas the average precision only decreases by 1.8%. Additionally, the network’s training time decreases by 16.1% as a result of preprocessing. These results show that the proposed approach greatly helps practical rubber ring surface defect detection.
Symmetry Analysis of the 3D Boundary-Layer Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid
Authors: El Saheli Ali , Zogheib Bashar
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the three-dimensional, steady, laminar boundary-layer equations of a non-Newtonian fluid over a flat plate in the absence of body forces. The classical boundary-layer theory, introduced by Prandtl in 1904, suggests that fluid flows past a solid surface can be divided into two regions: a thin boundary layer near the surface, where steep velocity gradients and significant frictional effects dominate, and the outer region, where friction is negligible. Within the boundary layer, the velocity increases sharply from zero at the surface to the freestream value at the outer edge. The boundary-layer approximation significantly simplifies the Navier–Stokes equations within the boundary layer, while outside this layer, the flow is considered inviscid, resulting in even simpler equations. The viscoelastic properties of the fluid are modeled using the Rivlin–Ericksen tensors. Lie group analysis is applied to reduce the resulting third-order nonlinear system of partial differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations. Finally, we determine the admissible forms of the freestream velocities in the x- and z-directions.
Removal of Attached Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Spinach Leaves by Rinsing in the Absence and Presence of Preexisting Surface Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)
Authors: Bezdek Jack E. , Strevett Keith A. , Kibbey Tohren C. G.
Published: December 2024

Interest in the use of nanoparticles in agriculture has grown in recent years due to their potential abilities across a range of applications that could increase agricultural production, improve the efficiency of nutrient delivery, or improve pest management. However, as with any application of nanomaterials, concern exists about potential risks to human health. Because many applications might result in the attachment of nanoparticles to produce surfaces, it is important to understand the conditions under which rinsing is likely to remove nanoparticles from surfaces and the degree to which they can be removed. This work explored the rinsing removal of two types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), from spinach leaf surfaces in the absence and presence of biofilms based on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). A hypothesis driving the work was that the presence of biofilms might enhance the retention of nanoparticles. The work combined experiments to determine surface energy parameters for fresh and rotten spinach, for use in extended DLVO (xDLVO) calculations, as well as direct rinsing experiments to explore nanoparticle removal from spinach surfaces. Nanoparticles were quantified using backscattered scanning electron microscopy using techniques developed for the work. Results of xDLVO calculations suggest that the presence of biofilms may actually be likely to reduce the retention of nanoparticles by produce surfaces, although this effect was not apparent in rinsing experiments, which exhibited similar removal of high-concentration TiO2 from spinach leaves. Overall, nanoparticles deposited from high-concentration suspensions were found to be removed to a greater degree by rinsing, while those deposited from low-concentration suspensions exhibited no apparent release, even under conditions where release might be favored.
Calculation of the Breit–Rosenthal Effect in Bi I
Authors: Røger Tarje Arntzen , Persson Jonas R.
Published: December 2024

Corrections to the measured nuclear magnetic moments obtained from hyperfine structure measurements include the Breit–Rosenthal effect. In this paper, we present results from calculations on Bi using the GRASP2018 code. The results indicate that the Breit–Rosenthal effect is on the order of 0.1%fm−2, the same order of magnitude as neighbouring elements, while some atomic states may have one order of magnitude smaller values. The ground state 6p3 S3/2o4 is more sensitive to the Breit–Rosenthal effect, and hence the hyperfine anomaly, with a value of −0.25%fm−2.
Assessment of the Inter-Frequency Amplitude Ratio (1000/500 Hz) in cVEMP and oVEMP for the Diagnosis of Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Drabkin Sacha , Maniaci Antonino , Lentini Mario , Iannella Giannicola , Tainmont Sophie , Lelubre Christophe , Mat Quentin
Published: December 2024

Objectives: to retrospectively evaluate the clinical relevance of the 1000/500 Hz inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) in cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) in patients with unilateral definite Ménière’s disease (MD) to identify the pathological ear. Method: cVEMPs and oVEMPs results obtained at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz were retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients with unilateral definite MD. 1000/500 Hz IFAR were calculated and compared for each ear. Spearman correlation tests between patient age and 1000/500 Hz IFAR were also performed. Results: No significant difference was observed between the 1000/500 Hz IFAR calculated in both pathological and healthy ears when the cVEMPs were performed (p = 0.74; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). 1000/500 Hz IFAR results obtained in healthy and pathological ears were also not different for oVEMPs (p = 0.73; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Analysis of modified 1000/500 Hz IFARs for healthy and pathological ears showed no difference in both cVEMPs and oVEMPs (p = 0.44; p = 0.95, respectively; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There was a significant positive correlation between IFARs, modified IFARs, and patient age for cVEMPs (p = 0.017; p = 0.012, respectively, Spearman’s correlation test). A significant positive correlation was also found between modified IFARs and the subject age in oVEMPs (p = 0.019, Spearman’s correlation test). Conclusions: We did not observe any significant increase of 1000/500 Hz IFARs and 1000/500 Hz modified IFARs in ears affected by definite MD compared to healthy ears. Moreover, our research suggests that the age of the participants may influence IFAR results, which may lead to misdiagnosis in the elderly. It is, therefore, essential to conduct further prospective studies in larger cohorts, stratifying results by participant age, to better understand the role of 1000/500 Hz IFAR values in the diagnosis of MD.
Repurposing Second-Life EV Batteries to Advance Sustainable Development: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Akram Muhammad Nadeem , Abdul-Kader Walid
Published: December 2024

While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have pushed the progression of electric vehicles (EVs) as a viable commercial option, they introduce their own set of issues regarding sustainable development. This paper investigates how using end-of-life LIBs in stationary applications can bring us closer to meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs) highlighted by the United Nations. We focus on how this practice can support three of these goals, namely Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and Goal 13: Climate Action. We present a literature review that details the aging mechanisms of LIBs, namely battery degradation, state of charge, state of health, depth of discharge, remaining useful life, and battery management systems. Then, we thoroughly examine the environmental and economic benefits of using second-life EV batteries in stationary applications and how they align with the SDGs. Our review of the literature summarizes the most relevant research in battery aging, giving a foundation for further research and allowing effective legislation to be written around EVs. Additionally, our examination of the benefits of using second-life batteries motivates initiatives for sustainable practices, helping both corporations and legislators orient their ideals towards the SDGs.
Contractile and Mechanical Properties of Quadriceps Muscles Measured by the Method of Tensiomyography (TMG) in Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Fernández-Baeza Daniel , Díaz-Ureña Germán , González-Millán Cristina
Published: December 2024

Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive tool used to assess contractile properties. This systematic review aimed to accomplish the following: (1) Analyze quadriceps TMG parameters in professional football players during the season and compare them with reference values. (2) Assess the differences in TMG parameters between quadriceps muscles. A PRISMA-guided search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Sport Discus (up to March 2024) identified 139 studies. Twelve in-season professional soccer players (20–29 years old) and quadriceps tensiomyography parameters were included (muscle displacement, delay time, and contraction time). All the studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, scoring 7/9 to 8/9, indicating good quality. The findings of this study were that of the nine parameters analyzed, three variables were found to differ significantly. The weighted mean values were as follows: rectus femoris (contraction time 30.11 ms, muscle displacement 8.88 mL, delay time, 24.68 ms), vastus medialis (contraction time 25.29 ms, muscle displacement 7.45 mL, delay time, 21.27 ms), and vastus lateralis (contraction time 23.21 ms, muscle displacement 5.31 mL, delay time, 21.89 Â ms). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in muscle displacement between the rectus femoris and vastus medialis, and between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. The TMG can serve as a valuable device for assessing neuromuscular function in soccer players.
Flow-Dependent Modulation of Endothelial Ca2+ Dynamics by Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Mouse Carotid Arteries
Authors: Taylor Mark S. , Francis Michael , Choi Chung-Sik
Published: December 2024

Background: Small conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels (KCa2.3) are important regulators of vascular function. They provide Ca2+-dependent hyperpolarization of the endothelial membrane potential, promoting agonist-induced vasodilation. Another important mechanism of influence may occur through positive feedback regulation of endothelial Ca2+ signals, likely via amplification of influx through membrane cation channels. KCa2.3 channels have recently been implicated in flow-mediated dilation of the arterial vasculature and may contribute to the crucial homeostatic role of shear stress in preventing vascular wall remodeling and progressive vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). The impact of KCa2.3 channels on endothelial Ca2+ signaling under physiologically relevant shear stress conditions remains unknown. Methods: In the current study, we employ mice expressing an endothelium-specific Ca2+ fluorophore (cdh5-GCaMP8) to characterize the KCa2.3 channel influence on the dynamic Ca2+ signaling profile along the arterial endothelium in the presence and absence of shear-stress. Results: Our data indicate KCa2.3 channels have a minimal influence on basal Ca2+ signaling in the carotid artery endothelium in the absence of flow, but they contribute substantially to amplification of Ca2+ dynamics in the presence of flow and their influence can be augmented through exogenous positive modulation. Conclusions: The findings suggest a pivotal role for KCa2.3 channels in adjusting the profile of homeostatic dynamic Ca2+ signals along the arterial intima under flow.
Proximity Proteomics Reveals USP44 Forms a Complex with BRCA2 in Neuroblastoma Cells and Is Required to Prevent Chromosome Breakage
Authors: Ali Asma , Hussain Sajjad , Bedekovics Tibor , Jeon Raymond H. , May Danielle G. , Roux Kyle J. , Galardy Paul J.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 44 (USP44) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with identified physiological roles as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. While some binding partners and substrates are known for USP44, the identification of other interactions may improve our understanding of its role in cancer. We therefore performed a proximity biotinylation study that identified products of several known cancer genes that are associated with USP44, including a novel interaction between BRCA2 and USP44. Methods: We expressed a fusion protein that linked USP44 and mutant Escherichia coli biotin ligase BioID in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Control experiments were performed using BioID alone. In duplicate experiments, cells were pulsed with biotin and biotinylated proteins were isolated under denaturing conditions and the proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The resulting list of proteins were analyzed using Enrichr and cross-referenced with the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census. We validated the association with BRCA2 using immunoprecipitation. The role of USP44 in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway was investigated using chromosome analysis of wild-type or Usp44-knockout cells after exposure to mitomycin C. Results: We identified 146 proteins that were selectively retrieved by the USP44 construct and compared with cells expressing the BioID ligase alone, including 15 gene products encoded by genes on tier 1 of the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census, including BRCA2. The association between USP44 and BRCA2 was validated through immunoprecipitation. We tested the functional role of USP44 in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway through chromosome breakage analysis and found that cells lacking USP44 had a significant increase in chromosome breaks and radial chromosomes. We found that high BRCA2 transcript was correlated with poor survival in neuroblastoma, likely due to its tight association with proliferation in these tumors. Conclusions: Our results identified novel potential binding partners and potential substrates for USP44, including several with direct roles in cancer pathogenesis. Our results identified a novel association between BRCA2 and USP44, and a previously unknown role for USP44 in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway that may contribute to its role in cancer.
Correlation Between Clinical Indicators and Liver Pathology in Children with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Lu Ying , Wang Ziwei , Jiang Qiyu , Dong Yi , Cao Lili , Yan Jianguo , Xu Zhiqiang , Wang Fuchuan , Gao Yinjie , Fu Junliang , Zhang Min , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in children presents a significant global health challenge, with liver inflammation and fibrosis being critical concerns for disease progression and long-term outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 1629 pediatric CHB patients from the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, spanning from January 2000 to December 2021. Liver biopsies were performed to assess the severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis, which were graded using the Scheuer scoring system. Key clinical indicators, including age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were evaluated for their predictive value in determining disease severity using restricted cubic spline regression models. Results: Significant nonlinear associations were found between the clinical indicators and liver pathology. Older age was strongly associated with increased risks of moderate to severe inflammation (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.34–3.63, p = 0.002) and significant fibrosis (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.31–3.77, p = 0.003). Elevated ALT levels (≥80 U/L) were correlated with a higher likelihood of moderate to severe inflammation (OR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05–3.15, p = 0.033), while higher GGT levels (≥50 U/L) were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis (OR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.72–3.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Regular monitoring of clinical indicators such as ALT, AST, and GGT levels plays a critical role in identifying pediatric CHB patients at higher risk of moderate to severe inflammation and significant fibrosis. Our findings highlight the value of integrating age and key biochemical markers into non-invasive diagnostic algorithms for the early detection and management of liver pathology in children.
GABALAGEN Alleviates Stress-Induced Sleep Disorders in Rats
Authors: Park Hyun-Jung , Rhie Sung Ja , Jeong Woojin , Kim Kyu-Ri , Rheu Kyoung-Min , Lee Bae-Jin , Shim Insop
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid and the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA has been shown to reduce stress and promote sleep. GABALAGEN (GBL) is the product of fermented fish collagen by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 and Lactobacillus plantarum BJ21, naturally enriched with GABA through the fermentation process and characterized by low molecular weight. (2) Methods: The present study evaluated the GABAA affinity of GBL through receptor binding assay. The sedative effects of GBL were investigated through electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in an animal model of electro foot shock (EFS) stress-induced sleep disorder, and then we examined the expression of orexin and the GABAA receptor in the brain region using immunohistochemistry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (3) Results: We found that on the binding assay, GBL displayed high affinity to the GABAA receptor. Also, after treatment with GBL, the percentage of the total time in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was significantly and dose-dependently increased in EFS-induced rats. Consistent with behavioral results, the GBL-treated groups showed that the expression of GABAA receptor immune-positive cells in the VLPO was markedly and dose-dependently increased. Also, the GBL-treated groups showed that the expression of the orexin-A level in LH was significantly decreased. (4) Conclusions: GBL showed efficacy and potential to be used as an anti-stress therapy to treat sleep deprivation through the stimulation of GABAA receptors and the consequent inhibition of orexin activity.
The Use and Benefits of Focused Shockwaves for the Diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome by Examining Myofascial Trigger Points in Low Back Pain
Authors: Müller-Ehrenberg Hannes , Giordani Federico , Müller-Ehrenberg Alessandra , Stange Richard
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread public health issue, with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) being a common cause, affecting 67–100% of patients. However, there are significant challenges in the diagnostic process due to the subjective and unreliable nature of manual palpation. Focused Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (F-ESWT), traditionally used for MPS treatment, offers a reproducible and non-invasive mechanical stimulus, making it a potential diagnostic tool. This study evaluated F-ESWT’s diagnostic efficiency in chronic LBP patients by focusing on “recognition” and “referral” of pain. Methods: twenty-eight participants were screened for myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the lumbar, gluteal, and thigh regions. Identified MTrPs were stimulated using F-ESWT, and patient feedback was recorded. Results: data showed high diagnostic accuracy for muscles such as the quadratus lumborum, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles, achieving “referral” rates of 96%, 95%, and 92% and “recognition” rates of 84%, 86%, and 85%, respectively. Other structures like adductors, iliopsoas, erector spinae, and biceps femoris muscle showed consistent but lower diagnostic rates. Conclusions: the study’s findings indicate that F-ESWT effectively reproduces pain patterns, offering a precise, reproducible, and non-invasive diagnostic approach for MPS in chronic LBP. However, they also highlight the necessity for detailed diagnostic criteria in managing myofascial pain.
Evaluation of Photoplethysmography-Based Monitoring of Respiration Rate During High-Intensity Interval Training: Implications for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Muller Marjolein , Ebrahimkheil Kambiz , Vijgeboom Tara , van Eijck Casper , Ronner Eelko
Published: December 2024

Monitoring respiration rate (RR) is crucial in various healthcare settings, particularly during demanding (physical) activities where respiratory dynamics are critical indicators of health status. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of photoplethysmography (PPG)-based monitoring of RR during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential applications in healthcare. Between January and March 2024, healthy volunteers participated in a cycling HIIT session with increasing resistance levels. The RR measurements obtained using the PPG-based CardioWatch 287-2 (Corsano Health) were compared with an ECG patch-derived (Vivalink) reference. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on skin type and sex. A total of 35 participants contributed 1794 paired RR measurements. The PPG algorithm for RR monitoring showed an average root mean square (Arms) error of 2.13 breaths per minute (brpm), a bias of −0.09 brpm, and limits of agreement (LoA) from −4.28 to 4.09 brpm. Results were consistent across the different demographic subgroups. The CardioWatch 287-2 therefore demonstrated reliable RR monitoring during HIIT, supporting its potential use in healthcare settings for continuous, non-invasive respiratory monitoring, particularly in physical rehabilitation and chronic respiratory condition management.
Bonding Performance of Concrete Structure Strengthened with Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Under Bending Experiment
Authors: Zhu Chao , Feng Yayi , Tang Jie , Jiang Zhimei , Li Yinbin , Yang Jun
Published: December 2024

Ultra-high-performance concrete is widely used in bridge strengthening to improve mechanical performance and bridge durability. Interfacial bonding performance is a key factor in ensuring the effectiveness of ultra-high-performance concrete strengthening. The bending test of the UHPC–NC composite structure was carried out in this article. The effects of groove treatment type and epoxy resin bonding were considered to discuss the damage modes, load–deflection relationships, and strengths. The interfacial tensile strength of the UHPC–NC composite structure and the distribution pattern of cracks were clarified. The results of the test showed that (a) only 22.2% of the groove-treated specimens failed due to bonding surface failure, indicating that the UHPC–NC bonding surface has a high degree of reliability; (b) the strength of specimens with an epoxy adhesive interface was the lowest. It was only 21% higher than the pure normal concrete specimen, and the effective synergistic force of UHPC–NC cannot be achieved; (c) the specimens treated with a positive trapezoidal keyway exhibited the highest strength, with an increase of approximately 200% compared to the pure normal concrete specimens. The strength of bending specimens with right-angled and inverted trapezoidal grooves increased by approximately 100% compared with pure normal concrete specimens. Based on the established three-dimensional numerical model and the analysis of test results under economic and safe conditions, the positive trapezoidal keyway specimen exhibits superior interfacial bonding–tensile performances.
The Artificial Tree: Integrating Microalgae into Sustainable Architecture for CO2 Capture and Urban Efficiency—A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Cervera Rosa , Villalba María Rosa , Sánchez Javier
Published: December 2024

The Artificial Tree project, developed by the authors, presents an innovative approach to urban sustainability by integrating microalgae cultivation systems for CO2 capture, biomass production, and urban cooling. This study evaluates the project’s feasibility and effectiveness in transforming urban furniture into functional photobioreactors that enhance environmental quality. Inspired by natural aesthetics, the Artificial Tree functions as both a CO2 sink and a biofertilizer producer. Using Scenedesmus microalgae, the system captures 50 kg of CO2 annually per unit and generates 28 kg of biomass, which further reduces emissions when utilized as a biofertilizer. To assess its impact, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method was employed, considering factors such as CO2 capture, biomass production, social engagement, visual appeal, and scalability. This methodology incorporated a three-level qualitative scale and criteria tailored to compare similar projects with at least three months of operation and available data on microalgae productivity. Results highlight that the Artificial Tree achieves up to 2.5 times more CO2 fixation than a mature tree while combining environmental benefits with public engagement. Its modular and aesthetic design supports educational outreach and inspires larger-scale implementation. This project demonstrates significant potential to redefine urban spaces sustainably by seamlessly integrating functionality, artistic expression, and public interaction.
An Open Disaster Information Platform, Methodology, and Visualization for High-Rise and Complex Facilities
Authors: Hong Changhee , Park Sangmi , Ju Kibeom , Lee Jaewook
Published: December 2024

The growing complexity of urban environments and high-rise facilities presents new challenges for disaster preparedness and response, particularly when managing multiple hazards. Traditional systems that focus on single hazards are insufficient for complex facilities that are prone to cascading disasters. This study develops an open disaster information platform that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and real-time monitoring tools to enhance situational awareness and multi-hazard response coordination. The platform combines data from the internet of things’ sensors, structural models, and environmental systems to provide responders and facility managers with real-time access to critical information. Simulation tests and real-world deployments have confirmed the platform’s ability to optimize evacuation routes, improve response times, and minimize risks during emergencies. Integration with GIS further supports risk mapping and post-disaster recovery efforts. This study proposes a scalable disaster management framework that promotes real-time data sharing and collaboration across stakeholders. Aligned with the trend toward smart, resilient cities, the platform provides practical solutions for improving disaster preparedness and response in high-rise and complex urban environments.
Intercalation of Large Flake Graphite with Fuming Nitric Acid
Authors: Shulyak Vladimir A. , Morozov Nikolai S. , Makhina Vera S. , Klyukova Kristina E. , Gracheva Alexandra V. , Chebotarev Sergei N. , Avdeev Viktor V.
Published: December 2024

In this work, the possibilities of introducing nitric acid molecules with a solution concentration of 75–98% into graphite matrices in the form of synthetic quasi-monocrystal graphite and natural graphite of four different farcical compositions were determined in order to identify factors of the acid concentration and graphite size on the production process and properties of graphite foil. The actual stage of graphite intercalation in the resulting compound was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The differences in the temporal patterns of the intercalation process for different intercalation stages (from 2 to 5) are demonstrated. The obtained acid solutions were used in the manufacturing of flexible graphite foil from natural graphite of four different particle size distributions. The mass characteristics of the intermediate and final products were determined as the graphite was treated with these solutions. The actual difference in the characteristics of the raw materials and intermediate synthetic products was recorded by measuring the electrical conductivity of the final material, graphite foil. Analysis of the results has shown that a decrease in the acid concentration of a solution leads to an increase in the intercalation stage. Weight gains due to the formation of oxygen-containing groups and the introduction of water and acid were reduced by this effect, whereas the yield of the final product (thermally expanded graphite) increased. Foil made of thermally expanded graphite obtained from intercalated compounds of high stages had greater electrical conductivity. An improvement in the conductive properties of the material implies that there should be fewer defects in its structure.
Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase-3 Expression Impacts Ocular Vascular Development and Pathological Neovascularization
Authors: Song Yong-Seok , Wang Shoujian , Park SunYoung , Hanna Barbara , Johnson Kelsey J. , Darjatmoko Soesiawati R. , Saghiri Mohammad Ali , Saghiri Ali Mohammad , Liu Bo , Sorenson Christine M. , Sheibani Nader
Published: December 2024

Functional cell death pathways are essential for normal ocular vascular development and tissue homeostasis. As our understanding of necrosis-based cell death pathways has expanded, the inclusion of regulated forms, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, and oxytosis, has occurred. Although the existence of these pathways is well described, our understanding of their role during vascular development and pathological neovascularization is very limited. Here, we examined the role of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (Ripk3), a key regulator of necroptosis, in postnatal retinal vascularization and retinal and choroidal neovascularization under pathological conditions. Postnatal vascularization of the retinal superficial layer in the absence of Ripk3 (Ripk3−/−) was not significantly different from wild-type mice. However, we noted decreased retinal endothelial cells and pericyte numbers at 3 weeks of age when the formation of the retinal primary vascular plexus was complete. In contrast, choroidal and retinal neovascularization following laser treatment and oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy increased in the absence of Ripk3 expression, respectively. In addition, the inhibition of RIPK1/3 activity suppressed choroidal neovascularization. Thus, Ripk3 expression and/or activity may have unique roles during normal and pathological ocular vascularization through its interactions with Caspase 8 and modulation of cell death processes.
A Combinatory Therapy of Metformin and Dexamethasone Reduces the Foreign Body Reaction to Intraneural Electrodes
Authors: Rodríguez-Meana Bruno , del Valle Jaume , Navarro Xavier
Published: December 2024

Neural electrodes used for bidirectional communication between the nervous system and external devices like prosthetic limbs have advanced in neuroprosthetic applications. However, their effectiveness is hindered by the foreign body reaction, a natural immune response causing inflammation and fibrosis around the implanted device. This process involves protein adsorption, immune cell recruitment, cytokine release, and fibroblast activation, leading to a fibrous capsule formation and a decrease in electrode functionality. Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic strategies have the potential to diminish the impact of the foreign body response. In this work, we have evaluated long-term metformin administration and short-term dexamethasone administration as a combined therapy to modulate the foreign body reaction induced by a polyimide intraneural implant in the sciatic nerve of rats. After a 12-week implant, the foreign body reaction was significantly reduced only in the group administered both drugs.