bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core Self-Evaluations and Employee Voice Behavior
Authors: Aryee Samuel , Walumbwa Fred O. , Mondejar Reuben , Chu Chris W. L.
Published: August 2014

We used data obtained from customer contact employees in the People’s Republic of China to test a moderated mediation model of the processes through which core self-evaluations (CSE) influence voice behavior. Specifically, we examined personal control and approach/avoidance motivation as psychological pathways and procedural justice perceptions as a moderator of the CSE–voice behavior relationship. As predicted, our results revealed that CSE related to employee voice behavior indirectly through personal control and approach motivation but not avoidance motivation. Furthermore, and consistent with our prediction, results showed that procedural justice perceptions moderated the mediated influence of both personal control and approach motivation on the CSE–voice behavior relationship such that this relationship is stronger when procedural justice perceptions are high but not low. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of explanatory frameworks for understanding the documented effects of CSE on employee work outcomes.
Male Scientists’ Competing Devotions to Work and Family: Changing Norms in a Male-Dominated Profession
Authors: Damaske Sarah , Ecklund Elaine Howard , Lincoln Anne E. , White Virginia J.
Published: August 2014

Using in-depth interviews with 74 men across different ranks in biology and physics at prestigious U.S. universities, the authors ask to what extent changing norms of fatherhood and a flexible workplace affect men working in a highly male-dominated profession and what variation exists in family forms. The authors conceptualize four typologies of men: those forgoing children, egalitarian partners, neotraditional dual earners, and traditional breadwinners. Findings suggest male scientists hold strong work devotions, yet a growing number seek egalitarian relationships, which they frame as reducing their devotion to work. The majority of men find the all-consuming nature of academic science conflicts with changing fatherhood norms.
Section 504-Only Students
Authors: Zirkel Perry A. , Weathers John M.
Published: August 2014

Students with disabilities fit into two groups: (a) those with individualized education plans (IEPs), who are eligible under both the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and Section 504, and (b) those with 504 plans, who are eligible under Section 504 only. Updating the only previous data about the incidence of 504-only students, which was a non-governmental survey prior to the 2008 ADA amendments to the Americans With Disabilities Act, this study analyzed the data from the federal government’s 2009–2010 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC). The first finding was that the average proportion of 504-only students in the nation’s public schools is approximately 1%. Second, the percentage of this group is significantly higher for (a) Black and Hispanic than for White students and (b) for males than for females. Third, the percentage of 504-only students is significantly higher for (a) high IEP than for low IEP schools, (b) non-charter than for charter schools, and (c) non-Title I than Title I schools. These results suggest the need for more diligent and consistent identification of 504-only students and for more current and comprehensive research.
Sealy Springs
Authors: Tillett Wade
Published: August 2014

In this post qualitative work of research fiction, the narrator chronicles a series of understandings of the personal and social functions of bedsprings. A fictional tale is used to present theory as situated and taken to logical extremes. The author uses a journal entry format to follow a series of conceptualizations of an unreliable narrator, conceptualizations that double back to disrupt the narrator’s sense of self and society. The object of the mattress is seen as an actor in its own right. Somewhere at the intersection of the desire for the mattress and its repeated physical construction, meaning and material are blurred.
Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health
Authors: González Maynor G , Swanson Dena P , Lynch Martin , Williams Geoffrey C
Published: August 2014

This research applied self-determination theory to examine the degree to which satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence explained the association between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health outcomes, while controlling for age, exercise, and smoking status. This was a survey research study with 513 full-time employees in professions representative of a hierarchal organization. The results of the structural equation model verify that psychological need satisfaction mediates the inverse association between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. Self-determination theory contributes to understanding the psychosocial roots of the uneven distribution of health across the socioeconomic gradient.
Chinese version of the Optimism and Pessimism Scale: Psychometric properties in mainland China and development of a short form
Authors: Xia Jie , Wu Daxing , Zhang Jibiao , Xu Yuanchao , Xu Yunxuan
Published: August 2014

This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Optimism and Pessimism Scale in a sample of 730 adult Chinese individuals. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the bidimensionality of the scale with two factors, optimism and pessimism. The total scale and optimism and pessimism factors demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. Population-based normative data and mean values for gender, age, and education were determined. Furthermore, we developed a 20-item short form of the Chinese version of the Optimism and Pessimism Scale with structural validity comparable to the full form. In summary, the Chinese version of the Optimism and Pessimism Scale is an appropriate and practical tool for epidemiological research in mainland China.
The Treatment and Outcomes of Medial Malleolar Stress Fractures
Authors: Irion Val , Miller Timothy L. , Kaeding Christopher C.
Published: August 2014

Context:

The medial malleolus is considered a high-risk stress fracture and can be debilitating to the highly active or athletic populations. A range of treatment methods have been described with varying outcomes. Currently, there is no gold standard treatment option with optimal results described.

Objective:

A systematic search of the literature to determine treatment options and outcomes in medial malleolus stress fractures.

Data Sources:

OVID/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1950 to September 2013.

Study Selection:

Included studies mentioned treatment and outcomes of medial malleolus stress fractures.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

The searches used combinations of the terms stress fracture, medial malleolus, management, and treatment. Two authors independently reviewed the selected articles and created individual tables, which were later compiled into a master table for final analysis.

Results:

Six retrospective case series were identified (n = 31 patients). Eighty percent (25/31) of patients were men, with an average age of 24.5 years. Ninety percent (28/31) of patients were at least involved in recreational athletics. All patients were able to return to sport. Complications were seen in both groups ranging from minor stiffness to nonunion requiring open reduction internal fixation.

Conclusion:

Nonoperative and operative interventions have proven to be successful with regard to healing and return to play for medial malleolar stress fractures in the recreational and competitive athlete. However, early operative intervention can possibly create a higher likelihood of early healing, decrease in symptoms, and return to play.
Does the Sustainability of Comprehensive Intervention Programs Depend on Parent Involvement?
Authors: Gardner Douglas S. , Marszalek Jacob M.
Published: August 2014

In this research, the importance and sustainability of one of the components of Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP), parent involvement, was studied identifying the importance placed on parent involvement determined the programs’ capacity for sustainability. Results show parent involvement activities, which may provide the most beneficial outcome for parents and their children, are activities that include parents in the planning, decision making, and recruitment of other parents, and that parents need to be considered an important part of GEAR UP services from the beginning of program development. The importance placed on parent involvement was found to have a strong positive effect on the capacity for sustainability of partnership type programs, which draws attention to the way partnership programs are created, and programs that best meet the needs of the community are created by those in the community in which services are provided.
The Liberalization of European Postal Markets: The Response of Firms and Impacts on Employment and Services
Authors: Hermann Christoph
Published: August 2014

From 2011 onwards the last remaining barriers to competition in most European postal markets will be eliminated. Supporters of liberalization and privatization have argued that competition and private ownership will induce service providers to improve efficiency. And greater efficiency will benefit service users as services will become cheaper and of better quality. This article challenges the view that liberalization and privatization unanimously enhance efficiency and quality and equally benefit all service users. Based on a series of company studies, it argues that liberalization and privatization in the European postal sectors had mixed effects with respect to efficiency and quality and mostly negative effects for employment and working conditions. It furthermore questions the idea that the changes have equally benefited all users. Actually, liberalization and privatization have fuelled diversification and fragmentation, producing winners and losers from the restructuring processes.
Preventing the Retrenchment of the Welfare State: Switzerland's Competitiveness in the World Market for Protection
Authors: Nollert Michael , Schief Sebastian
Published: August 2014

Most welfare state typologies still characterize Switzerland as a liberal welfare regime. However, recent research shows that its welfare state did not retrench but instead moved towards the conservative type. Nevertheless, higher social expenditure has not been accompanied by increases in taxation. Moreover, Switzerland managed to overcome the so-called trilemma of the service economy. After analyzing the shift of the Swiss welfare state from a liberal to a conservative welfare regime, we argue that the Swiss economic success story of the twentieth century is based on a favourable policy mix (tax system, labour market, financial sector) used to compete successfully in the world market for protection. We conclude that, as a political entrepreneur, Switzerland has the capability to receive taxes and investments from foreign individuals and enterprises, wealthy residents and high-skilled and well-paid immigrants to finance the welfare state and to overcome the trilemma of the service economy.
Fatigue strength improvement of stainless steel using weld toes dressing with low transformation temperature welding wire
Authors: Xu L. Y. , Wang Y. F. , Jing H. Y. , Han Y. D.
Published: August 2014

In the present study, low transformation temperature welding wire (LTTW), which can induce residual compressive stress around 304L welded joints, has been developed to improve the fatigue performance of welded joints. Procedure of design and chemical composition of weld metal and deposited metal of LTTW are introduced. The microstructure of weld metal of LTTW is composed of low carbon martensite and residual austenite. The residual stress distribution of a single welding bead of LTTW was measured and the result shows that compressive residual stress is generated. In addition, fatigue test was also carried out on no-load cruciform welded joints of 304L stainless steel under three conditions: as welded, 308L dressing and LTTW dressing. The result shows that the fatigue life of LTTW dressing joints (2×106 cycles) is improved by 14–23 times and 3–6 times compared with that of as welded joints and 308L dressing joints.
Mycobacterial diseases developed during anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy
Authors: Yoo Jung-Wan , Jo Kyung-Wook , Kang Bo-Hyung , Kim Mi Young , Yoo Bin , Lee Chang-Keun , Kim Yong-Gil , Yang Suk-Kyun , Byeon Jeong-Sik , Kim Kyung-Jo , Ye Byong Duk , Shim Tae Sun
Published: August 2014

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease and tuberculosis (TB) develop during anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two diseases.

A total of 1165 patients were screened for TB and treated with TNF-α antagonists from July 2004 to July 2013 for the following conditions: inflammatory bowel disease (n = 422), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 320), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 389).

TB and NTM disease were diagnosed at baseline screening in four and three patients, respectively, and developed during anti-TNF-α therapy in 19 and six patients, respectively. The incidence rate of TB and NTM disease was 747.7 per 100 000 and 238.2 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Patients with NTM disease were older, with a greater proportion of females. All cases of NTM disease involved the lung, with rheumatoid arthritis (83.3%) being the most frequent underlying disease. The most common radiological feature was consolidation in NTM disease, and honeycombing was present in two rheumatoid arthritis patients with NTM disease. The most common pathogen wasMycobacterium intracellulare(n = 3) followed byMycobacterium avium(n = 2). Both the NTM and TB group showed favourable outcomes.

The clinical characteristics differed between NTM disease and TB that developed on anti-TNF-α agents, but clinical outcomes were favourable in both diseases.
Superhydrophobic ZnO networks with high water adhesion
Authors: Florica Camelia , Preda Nicoleta , Enculescu Monica , Zgura Irina , Socol Marcela , Enculescu Ionut
Published: August 2014

ZnO structures were deposited using a simple chemical bath deposition technique onto interdigitated electrodes fabricated by a conventional photolithography method on SiO2/Si substrates. The X-ray diffraction studies show that the ZnO samples have a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. The scanning electron microscopy observations prove that the substrates are uniformly covered by ZnO networks formed by monodisperse rods. The ZnO rod average diameter and length were tuned by controlling reactants' concentration and reaction time. Optical spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that all the samples display bandgap values and emission bands typical for ZnO. The electrical measurements reveal percolating networks which are highly sensitive when the samples are exposed to ammonia vapors, a variation in their resistance with the exposure time being evidenced. Other important characteristics are that the ZnO rod networks exhibit superhydrophobicity, with water contact angles exceeding 150° and a high water droplet adhesion. Reproducible, easily scalable, and low-cost chemical bath deposition and photolithography techniques could provide a facile approach to fabricate such ZnO networks and devices based on them for a wide range of applications where multifunctionality, i.e., sensing and superhydrophobicity, properties are required.

PACS

81.07.-b; 81.05.Dz; 68.08.Bc
Synergistic antitumor effects of S-1 with eribulin in vitro and in vivo for triple-negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Terashima Masato , Sakai Kazuko , Togashi Yosuke , Hayashi Hidetoshi , De Velasco Marco A , Tsurutani Junji , Nishio Kazuto
Published: August 2014

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a higher incidence of recurrence and distant metastasis and a poor prognosis, whereas effective treatment strategies remain to be established. Finding an effective treatment for TNBC has become imperative. We examined the effect of the combination of S-1 (or 5-FU in an in vitro study) and eribulin in TNBC cell lines. The in vitro effect of the combination was examined in four TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-549 and MX-1) using a combination index and isobolograms. In addition, we assessed the effect of the combination in an MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft model. A synergistic effect was observed in three TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MX-1), and in an in vivo study, the combination of S-1 and eribulin resulted in significantly higher antitumor effects compared with S-1 or eribulin alone. 5-FU induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change in the TNCB cell line, as supported by the decreased expression of epithelial marker and the increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Meanwhile, TGF-beta induced EMT changes in a TNBC cell line and decreased the sensitivity to 5-FU. This result suggests that 5-FU-induced EMT changes reduce the sensitivity to 5-FU. In contrast, eribulin induced a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in a TNBC cell line. The EMT phenotype induced by 5-FU was also canceled by eribulin. We demonstrate that the combination of S-1 (5-FU) and eribulin exerts a synergistic effect for TNBC cell lines through MET-induction by eribulin. Therefore, this combination therapy may be a potential treatment option for TNBC.
Genomic alterations in abnormal neutrophils isolated from adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Singh Namrata , Traisak Pamela , Martin Kayla A , Kaplan Mariana J , Cohen Philip L , Denny Michael F
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an abnormal population of neutrophils, called low-density granulocytes (LDGs), that express the surface markers of mature neutrophils, yet their nuclear morphology resembles an immature cell. Because a similar discrepancy in maturation status is observed in myelodysplasias, and disruption of neutrophil development is frequently associated with genomic alterations, genomic DNA isolated from autologous pairs of LDGs and normal-density neutrophils was compared for genomic changes.

Methods

Alterations in copy number and losses of heterozygosity (LOH) were detected by cytogenetic microarray analysis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was detected by capillary gel electrophoresis of fluorescently labeled PCR products.

Results

Control neutrophils and normal-density SLE neutrophils had similar levels of copy number variations, while the autologous SLE LDGs had an over twofold greater number of copy number alterations per genome. The additional copy number alterations found in LDGs were prevalent in six of the thirteen SLE patients, and occurred preferentially on chromosome 19, 17, 8, and X. These same SLE patients also displayed an increase in LOH. Several SLE patients had a common LOH on chromosome 5q that includes several cytokine genes and a DNA repair enzyme. In addition, three SLE patients displayed MSI. Two patients displayed MSI in greater than one marker, and one patient had MSI and increased copy number alterations. No correlations between genomic instability and immunosuppressive drugs, disease activity or disease manifestations were apparent.

Conclusions

The increased level of copy number alterations and LOH in the LDG samples relative to autologous normal-density SLE neutrophils suggests somatic alterations that are consistent with DNA strand break repair, while MSI suggests a replication error-prone status. Thus, the LDGs isolated have elevated levels of somatic alterations that are consistent with genetic damage or genomic instability. This suggests that the LDGs in adult SLE patients are derived from cell progenitors that are distinct from the autologous normal-density neutrophils, and may reflect a role for genomic instability in the disease.
Internet-delivered exposure-based cognitive–behavioural therapy and behavioural stress management for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hedman Erik , Axelsson Erland , Görling Anders , Ritzman Carina , Ronnheden Markus , Alaoui Samir El , Andersson Erik , Lekander Mats , Ljótsson Brjánn
Published: August 2014

Background

Exposure-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered via the internet has been shown to be effective for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis) but has not been compared with an active, effective and credible psychological treatment, such as behavioural stress management (BSM).

Aims

To investigate two internet-delivered treatments – exposure-based CBTv.BSM – for severe health anxiety in a randomised controlled trial (trial registration: NCT01673035).

Method

Participants (n= 158) with a principal diagnosis of severe health anxiety were allocated to 12 weeks of exposure-based CBT (n= 79) or BSM (n= 79) delivered via the internet. The Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) was the primary outcome.

Results

Internet-delivered exposure-based CBT led to a significantly greater improvement on the HAI compared with BSM. However, both treatment groups made large improvements on the HAI (pre-to-post-treatment Cohen'sd: exposure-based CBT, 1.78; BSM, 1.22).

Conclusions

Exposure-based CBT delivered via the internet is an efficacious treatment for severe health anxiety.

Declarations of interest

None.
Suicide rates in children aged 10–14 years worldwide: changes in the past two decades
Authors: Kõlves Kairi , De Leo Diego
Published: August 2014

Background

Limited research is focused on suicides in children aged below 15 years.

Aims

To analyse worldwide suicide rates in children aged 10–14 years in two decades: 1990–1999 and 2000–2009.

Method

Suicide data for 81 countries or territories were retrieved from the World Health Organization Mortality Database, and population data from the World Bank data-set.

Results

In the past two decades the suicide rate per 100 000 in boys aged 10–14 years in 81 countries has shown a minor decline (from 1.61 to 1.52) whereas in girls it has shown a slight increase (from 0.85 to 0.94). Although the average rate has not changed significantly, rates have decreased in Europe and increased in South America. The suicide rates remain critical for boys in some former USSR republics.

Conclusions

The changes may be related to economic recession and its impact on children from diverse cultural backgrounds, but may also be due to improvements in mortality registration in South America.
How Does Superstition Become Intangible Cultural Heritage in Postsocialist China?
Authors: Bingzhong Gao
Published: August 2014

This article narrates how a temple fair worshipping a dragon god, the object of superstition for about sixty years, became an official piece of intangible cultural heritage. This story takes place in three chapters: First, the temple fair as a local tradition was revived after China adopted its Reform and Opening policy in 1978. Second, the temporary tent set up annually for worship was replaced by a building, dubbed both “museum” and “temple” by way of creative use of a “double-naming method.” And third, the temple fair was formally identified as a piece of intangible cultural heritage. This course of events epitomizes the once-unimaginable changes that have taken place in Chinese society in the past one hundred years, and it offers a case for scholars to understand the logics of Chinese reform from within its own culture.
The stimuli evoking the aerial-righting-posture of falling pea aphids
Authors: Meresman Yonatan , Ribak Gal , Weihs Daniel , Inbar Moshe
Published: August 2014

Some wingless insects possess aerial righting reflexes, suggesting that adaptation for controlling body orientation while falling through air could have preceded flight. When threatened by a predator, wingless pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) may drop off their host plant and assume a stereotypic posture that rotates them in midair to land on their feet. The sensory information triggering aphids to assume this posture has so far been unknown. We subjected aphids to a series of tests, isolating the sensory cues experienced during free-fall. Falling aphids assumed the righting posture and landed upright irrespective of whether the experiments were carried out in the light or in complete darkness. Detachment of the tarsi from the substrate triggered the aphids to assume the posture rapidly, but only for a brief period. Rotation (mainly roll and yaw) of the body in air, in the light, caused aphids to assume the posture and remain in it throughout rotation. In contrast, aphids rotated in the dark did not respond. Acceleration associated with falling or airflow over the body per se did not trigger the posture. However, sensing motion relative to air heightened the aphids’ responsiveness to rotation in the light. These results suggest that the righting posture of aphids is triggered by a tarsal reflex, but once airborne, vision and a sense of motion relative to air can augment the response. Hence, aerial righting in a wingless insect could have emerged as a basic tarsal response and developed further to include secondary sensory cues typical of falling.
Opsin expression, physiological characterization and identification of photoreceptor cells in the dorsal rim area and main retina of the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Schmeling Fabian , Wakakuwa Motohiro , Tegtmeier Jennifer , Kinoshita Michiyo , Bockhorst Tobias , Arikawa Kentaro , Homberg Uwe
Published: August 2014

For compass orientation many insects rely on the pattern of sky polarization but some species also exploit the sky chromatic contrast. Desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, detect polarized light through a specialized dorsal rim area (DRA) in their compound eye. To better understand retinal mechanisms underlying visual navigation, we compared opsin expression, spectral and polarization sensitivities and response-stimulus intensity functions in the DRA and main retina of the locust. In addition to previously characterized opsins of long-wavelength-absorbing (Lo1) and blue-absorbing visual pigments (Lo2), we identified an opsin of a UV-absorbing visual pigment (LoUV). DRA photoreceptors exclusively expressed Lo2, had peak spectral sensitivities at 441 nm and showed high polarization sensitivity (PS 1.3-31.7). In contrast, ommatidia in the main eye coexpressed Lo1 and Lo2 in five photoreceptors, expressed Lo1 in two proximal photoreceptors, and Lo2 or LoUV in one distal photoreceptor. Correspondingly, we found broadband blue- and green-peaking spectral sensitivities in the main eye and one narrowly tuned UV peaking receptor. Polarization sensitivity in the main retina was low (PS 1.3-3.8). V-log I functions in the DRA were steeper than in the main retina supporting a role in polarization vision. Desert locusts occur as two morphs, a day-active gregarious and a night-active solitarious form. In solitarious locusts sensitivities in the main retina were generally shifted to longer wavelengths, particularly in ventral eye regions, supporting a nocturnal life style at low light levels. The data support the role of the DRA in polarization vision and suggest trichromatic colour vision in the desert locust.
Conscience Accounting: Emotion Dynamics and Social Behavior
Authors: Gneezy Uri , Imas Alex , Madarász Kristóf
Published: August 2014

This paper presents theory and experiments where people's prosocial attitudes fluctuate over time following the violation of an internalized norm. We report the results of two experiments in which people who first made an immoral choice were then more likely to donate to charity than those who did not. In addition, those who knew that a donation opportunity would follow the potentially immoral choice behaved more unethically than those who did not know. We interpret this increase in charitable behavior as being driven by a temporal increase in guilt induced by past immoral actions. We term such behavior conscience accounting and discuss its importance in charitable giving and in the identification of social norms in choice behavior through time inconsistency.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1942 .

This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Complementary therapies: integration and interpretation
Authors: Rankin-Box Denise
Published: August 2014

This paper explores the meaning of complementary therapies and the concept of holism commonly attributed to this field. Whilst it may not be necessary to use complementary therapies in order to practice holistically, without careful exploration and self-reflection of their fundamental values, they could be relegated to just another technique or task and subsumed within the daily case load. In this paper, principles of holistic care are considered and the suggestion made that a shift towards this world view could result in a different system of health care.

Nurses represent the largest grouping in the NHS (Department of Health (DoH) 1993). Their increasing interest in the use of complementary therapies is, in part, a response to increasing consumer demand. The community sector is uniquely placed to assess clients ' needs, in direct context to the home environment, work and personal lifestyles. In this respect the primary care sector may perhaps be a most appropriate environment in which to develop complementary therapies.
Implementing evidence in practice
Authors: Mantle Fiona
Published: August 2014

The increased utilisation and popularity of complementary therapies over the last 20 years is well documented. However, if nurses intend to implement such therapies in nursing care they need a clear rationale for doing so which must be supported by sound research. A well-developed business plan is also indicated to support such innovation.

Nurses should be aware of the possible reactions of other members of staff, who may display scepticism, resentment, or feelings of marginalisation. Consideration may therefore be given to the introduction of a technique from a therapy rather than the therapy in its entirety. This would enable more staff to be involved and disseminate the value of the intervention to a greater range of patients.

An understanding of change theory is important, as well as a knowledge of strategies to facilitate implementation. Patients from a wide variety of backgrounds have been shown to use complementary therapies and the wider dissemination of the therapies within nursing care may act as a catalyst in promoting autonomy in nursing.
The role of community nurses as care managers
Authors: Bergen Ann
Published: August 2014

Care (or case) management has become an accepted means of co-ordinating community care for people with complex health and social needs. However, there currently exists little research to indicate whether this is an appropriate role for community nurses to adopt. The research described here aimed to go some way to filling this knowledge gap, using both survey methods (telephone and questionnaire) and case study analysis to identify the extent and type of activity current among community nurse care managers. The survey evidence suggests that nurses from a range of community specialisms are adopting the care management function, though patterns of practice are variable. More detailed study of 13 case examples highlights the importance of planning for assuming this role, and also of selecting an appropriate practice model, task definition, preparation/support and the development of protocols for the handling of ethical issues.
Classification and management of brittle asthma
Authors: Ayres Jon G
Published: August 2014

The term ‘brittle asthma’ was first used by Turner-Warwick (1977) to describe patients with asthma whose peak expiratory flow (PEF) varied ‘chaotically’; a pattern which could lead to death from an acute severe attack (Bateman and Clarke, 1979; Westerman et al, 1979). Morbidity from brittle asthma is considerable, and this review aims to identify possible causes and management strategies for this group of patients.
Nurse prescribing: the views of nurses and other health care professionals
Authors: Luker Karen , Austin Lynn , Hogg Cath , Ferguson Brian , Smith Kirsteen
Published: August 2014

Nurses in eight demonstration sites have been able to prescribe from a limited formulary since October 1994. This paper presents the views of nurses and other health professionals regarding the nurses' new role. Many benefits were noted by respondents, including savings in time for nurses and an increased sense of responsibility now that they were seen to be accountable for decisions made. General practitioners (GPs) and other professionals were supportive of the initiative and expressed confidence in the nurses' prescribing abilities.
Pressure sore risk: a challenge in the community
Authors: Moffatt Christine , Franks Peter
Published: August 2014

Pressure sore prevention is high on the health care agenda. There is a requirement from the Department of Health (DoH) to reduce prevalence by 5-10 per cent per year. Radical changes in the delivery of health care have led to increasing numbers of very elderly sick patients being treated in the community. There is a new acknowledgement of the role of the carer, since professional support is rarely available 24 hours per day. This paper examines some of the key issues related to the development and use of the popular pressure sore risk assessment tools and argues that there has been a lack of consistency in the development and validation of such tools. This has led to a number of authors criticising their value in pressure sore prediction and prevention. Risk factors must be determined in patients treated in the community before an adequate tool can be developed and consideration given to whether the tool should be used exclusively by professionals, or would have a wider use for carers.
A trouble shooting pack for community catheter care
Authors: Bray Jerry , Jones Amanda
Published: August 2014

The number of patients in the community with a long term urinary catheter is increasing. Although this, for many, greatly increases their quality of life, there are often nursing problems related to caring for these patients. The key to successful nursing management of these patients is support and education, individualised, negotiated management plans and contingency plans for crisis intervention. This demands a high level of knowledge and clinical expertise on behalf of the community nurse and an equally high level of patient and carer involvement. This paper will attempt to dispel some of the myths surrounding catheter care and give some practical problem solving guides to practitioners.
Problems associated with patient satisfaction surveys
Authors: Collins Karen , Morrell Jane , Peters Jean , Walters Stephen , Brooker Charlie , Brereton Louise
Published: August 2014

This paper is a partial review of the literature on the assessment of patient satisfaction and the problems associated with obtaining robust information. The difficulties encountered in this form of qualitative research are highlighted in 233 patients with venous leg ulcers. Patients attending a community-based leg ulcer clinic were compared with a similar group treated by the district nursing service. The study was part of a larger randomised controlled trial of the cost-effectiveness of community-based leg ulcer clinics, using four layer bandaging, compared with usual care at home provided by the district nursing service. Results showed that overall levels of satisfaction were high for both groups at three months.
Using Risk Assessment in Periodontics
Authors: Woodman Alan J
Published: August 2014

Risk assessment has become a regular feature in both dental practice and society as a whole, and principles used to assess risk in society are similar to those used in a clinical setting. Although the concept of risk assessment as a prognostic indicator for periodontal disease incidence and activity is well established in the management of periodontitis, the use of risk assessment to manage the practical treatment of periodontitis and its sequelae appears to have less foundation. A simple system of initial risk assessment – building on the use of the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE), clinical, medical and social factors – is described, linked to protocols for delivering care suited to general dental practice and stressing the role of long-term supportive care. The risks of not treating the patient are considered, together with the possible causes of failure, and the problems of successful treatment are illustrated by the practical management of post-treatment recession.
Non-Surgical Management of Peri-Implant Diseases
Authors: Patel Amit
Published: August 2014

There are similarities between peri-implant diseases and periodontal diseases in terms of aetiology, pathogenesis and management. Patients with a past history of periodontitis are at greater risk of peri-implantitis and it is essential in partially dentate patients to ensure that control of periodontitis has been achieved before implants are placed. Careful maintenance and monitoring of implant patients should be performed on a regular basis to identify, at the earliest opportunity, the clinical and radiographic markers of peri-implant disease. Good self-performed biofilm control and professional maintenance of implants is essential to prevent the onset of peri-implant diseases. Once peri-implantitis has become established, it can initially be managed non-surgically, although surgical intervention may be required for more severe lesions.
Motivating Patients
Authors: Madden Isobel M
Published: August 2014

Patients who seek advice and treatment for periodontal conditions often find challenges in the personal involvement required for successful care. This paper reviews methods of advising and motivating patients to adhere to oral hygiene regimens and understand the necessity for long-term management of the condition.
Punk and Post-Punk in the Republic of Ireland: Networks, migration and the social history of the Irish music industry
Authors: Murphy Michael Mary
Published: August 2014

Was the early punk movement a more geographically and ethnically diverse milieu that some accounts indicate? A number of key figures in the early punk movement were originally from Ireland including the founders of both Chiswick and Stiff Records. This invites the question: how did the Republic of Ireland’s music scene, which included ‘non-punk’ acts like Thin Lizzy, Horslips and Chris de Burgh interface with the punk and post-punk movement? This article aims to identify the under-acknowledged contributions of people working behind the scenes in the industry. Specifically it examines the links between individuals, bands and cities. How did these links help artists? I particularly wish to identify how some of the early bands of the punk and post-punk movement received assistance from established acts. The early business of punk indicates a two-way cultural process: Irish entrepreneurs in London helped to advance the punk movement, while Irish acts, including the Radiators from Space and the Boomtown Rats, benefitted from that punk movement.
Speech-Language Therapy Using Apps for a Student with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Jeong Pil Yeon ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: August 2014

A student with cerebral palsy was participated in speech-language therapy using Apps. The result revealed that intervention using Apps was effective for a children with cerebral palsy in improving their oro-motor function and speech intelligibility as well as length of utterance.
The Effect of AAC Intervention Based on Script Activities for the Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Cho Seo Young , Kim Jeong Youn ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: August 2014

Background & Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of the script activities which use objects and photographs on the communication behaviors of students with severe and multiple disabilities with difficulties in spontaneous communication. Method: This study shows how the script activities affect the students' frequency of overall behaviors and that by modality through multiple probe design across the subjects targeting 3 students. Result: The result follows that, first, the script activities increase the frequency of communication behavior, and the effect is maintained. Second, frequency by modality is also increased and is maintained. However, these are not generalized. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the AAC intervention for the children with severe and multiple disabilities is structured with activities preferred by students. And the frequency of communication is increased, once the intervention was performed with familiar communication partner. The reasons for the failure of generalization are supposed to be change in communication partner or individual health issue and emotional conditions of students. Therefore, this study discuss about the educational implications and limits of the results.
Evaluation of a next generation direct whole blood enzymatic assay for hemoglobin A1c on the ARCHITECT c8000 chemistry system
Authors: Teodoro-Morrison Tracy , Janssen Marcel J.W. , Mols Jasper , Hendrickx Ben H.E. , Velmans Mathieu H. , Lotz Johannes , Lackner Karl , Lennartz Lieselotte , Armbruster David , Maine Gregory , Yip Paul M.
Published: August 2014

The utility of HbA

Here we completed a method evaluation of the ARCHITECT HbA

The total imprecision ranged from 0.5% to 2.2% CV with low and high level control materials. Around the diagnostic cut-off of 48 mmol/mol, the total imprecision was 0.6% CV. Mean bias using reference samples from IFCC and CAP ranged from –1.1 to 1.0 mmol/mol. The enzymatic assay also showed excellent agreement with HPLC methods, with slopes of 1.01 and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.984 to 0.996 compared to Menarini Adams HA-8160, Bio-Rad Variant II and Variant II Turbo instruments. Finally, no significant effect was observed for erythrocyte sedimentation or interference from common hemoglobin variants in patient samples containing heterozygous HbS, HbC, HbD, HbE, and up to 10% HbF.

The ARCHITECT enzymatic assay for HbA
Point-of-care urine albumin in general practice offices: effect of participation in an external quality assurance scheme
Authors: Bukve Tone , Røraas Thomas , Riksheim Berit Oddny , Christensen Nina Gade , Sandberg Sverre
Published: August 2014

The Norwegian Quality Improvement of Primary Care Laboratories (Noklus) offers external quality assurance (EQA) schemes (EQASs) for urine albumin (UA) annually. This study analyzed the EQA results to determine how the analytical quality of UA analysis in general practice (GP) offices developed between 1998 (n=473) and 2012 (n=1160).

Two EQA urine samples were distributed yearly to the participants by mail. The participants measured the UA of each sample and returned the results together with information about their instrument, the profession and number of employees at the office, frequency of internal quality control (IQC), and number of analyses per month. In the feedback report, they received an assessment of their analytical performance.

The number of years that the GP office had participated in Noklus was inversely related to the percentage of “poor” results for quantitative but not semiquantitative instruments. The analytical quality improved for participants using quantitative instruments who received an initial assessment of “poor” and who subsequently changed their instrument. Participants using reagents that had expired or were within 3 months of the expiration date performed worse than those using reagents that were expiring in more than 3 months.

Continuous participation in the Noklus program improved the performance of quantitative UA analyses at GP offices. This is probably in part attributable to the complete Noklus quality system, whereby in addition to participating in EQAS, participants are visited by laboratory consultants who examine their procedures and provide practical advice and education regarding the use of different instruments.
Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin-1 regulates colon cancer progression
Authors: Karagiannis George S. , Musrap Natasha , Saraon Punit , Treacy Ann , Schaeffer David F. , Kirsch Richard , Riddell Robert H. , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: August 2014

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are phylogenetically conserved signaling molecules of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins, involved in developmental and (patho)physiological processes, including cancer. BMP signaling has been regarded as tumor-suppressive in colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and by impairing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we mined existing proteomic repositories to explore the expression of BMPs in CRC. We found that the BMP antagonist gremlin-1 (GREM1) is secreted from heterotypic tumor-host cell interactions. We then sought to investigate whether GREM1 is contextually and mechanistically associated with EMT in CRC. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that GREM1-expressing stromal cells harbor prominent features of myofibroblasts (i.e., cancer-associated fibroblasts), such as expression of α-smooth muscle actin and laminin-beta-1, and were in contextual proximity to invasion fronts with loss of the tight junction protein occludin and parallel nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, two prominent EMT hallmarks. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated that GREM1-dependent suppression of BMP signaling results in EMT induction, characterized by cadherin switching (loss of E-cadherin-upregulation of N-cadherin) and overexpression of Snail. Collectively, our data support that GREM1 promotes the loss of cancer cell differentiation at the cancer invasion front, a mechanism that may facilitate tumor progression.
Microstructure and Shear Strength in Brazing Joint of Mo-Cu Composite with 304 Stainless Steel by Ni-Cr-P Filler Metal
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Jiteng , Li Yajiang , Zheng Deshuang
Published: August 2014

The brazing of Mo-Cu composite and 304 stainless steel was carried out in vacuum with Ni-Cr-P filler metal at 980 °C for 20 min. Microstructure in Mo-Cu/304 stainless steel joint was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and shear strength was measured by shearing test. The results indicate that shear strength of the Mo-Cu/304 stainless steel joint is about 155 MPa. There forms eutectic structure of γ-Ni solid solution with Ni
Underwater Image Enhancement Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: AbuNaser Amal , Doush Iyad Abu , Mansour Nahed , Alshattnawi Sawsan
Published: August 2014

This article introduces a framework for enhancing underwater images using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A pre-processing step is introduced to reduce the absorbing and scattering effects of water before applying a filter based on this algorithm to enhance the image. The quality of enhanced images is quantitatively assessed by applying the framework on a dataset of underwater images. The obtained results show a considerable improvement.
Chirp Parameter in Strained Coupled Quantum Well Electroabsorption Modulators
Authors: Arashmehr Armin , Zavvari Mahdi
Published: August 2014

Dependence of chirp parameter of a coupled double quantum well electroabsorption modulator at wavelength 1.55 µm on the structural parameters such as wells widths and strain of wells is studied. For this purpose, we calculate the absorption of structure under applied electric fields and then solve the Kramers-Kronig relation to obtain field-induced refractive index changes. Results show that the chirp parameter is strongly dependent on the first well width and strain variation. The wider well with the compressive strain results in reduction of chirp parameter. The second well parameters effect is weaker than that of the first well. Results show that by proper design of absorption region, all negative chirp can be achieved.