bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF THE ATTITUDE PERTURBANCE USING PARALLAX IMAGERY - APPLICATION TO ZY-3 SATELLITE
Authors: Ye Z. , Xu Y. , Wang F. , Liu S. , Tang X. , Li L. , Xie J. , Tong X.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The inflight stability of the earth observation satellite is a significant factor having an influence on the geometric performance of its imagery. The estimation of the attitude perturbance is therefore indispensable to spaceborne photogrammetry application. In this paper, an experiment using a short strip of multispectral images obtained from ZY-3 satellite is conducted. The detection method for attitude perturbance based on parallax observation is adopted, while a novel approach of estimating the attitude perturbance angles from the perturbance caused image displacements is also proposed and demonstrated. The estimated results indicate that the ZY-3 satellite was affected by considerable perturbances with distinctive frequencies during the flight of the investigated images, and attitude perturbances hava also undermined the geometric performance of the acquired imagery.
MULTI-SOURCE MULTI-SCALE HIERARCHICAL CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELD MODEL FOR REMOTE SENSING IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Zhang Z. , Yang M. Y. , Zhou M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Fusion of remote sensing images and LiDAR data provides complimentary information for the remote sensing applications, such as object classification and recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-source multi-scale hierarchical conditional random field (MSMSH-CRF) model to integrate features extracted from remote sensing images and LiDAR point cloud data for image classification. MSMSH-CRF model is then constructed to exploit the features, category compatibility of multi-scale images and the category consistency of multi-source data based on the regions. The output of the model represents the optimal results of the image classification. We have evaluated the precision and robustness of the proposed method on airborne data, which shows that the proposed method outperforms standard CRF method.
ROAD MARKING EXTRACTION USING A MODEL&DATA-DRIVEN RJ-MCMC
Authors: Hervieu A. , Soheilian B. , Brédif M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. We propose an integrated bottom-up/top-down approach to road-marking extraction from image space. It is based on energy minimization using marked point processes. A generic road marking object model enable us to define universal energy functions that handle various types of road-marking objects (dashed-lines, arrows, characters, etc.). A RJ-MCMC sampler coupled with a simulated annealing is applied to find the configuration corresponding to the minimum of the proposed energy. We used input data measurements to guide the sampler process (data driven RJ-MCMC). The approach is enhanced with a model-driven kernel using preprocessed autocorrelation and inter-correlation of road-marking templates, in order to resolve type and transformation ambiguities. The method is generic and can be applied to detect road-markings in any orthogonal view produced from optical sensors or laser scanners from aerial or terrestrial platforms. We show the results an ortho-image computed from ground-based laser scanning.
FOREST INVENTORY ATTRIBUTE ESTIMATION USING AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING, AERIAL STEREO IMAGERY, RADARGRAMMETRY AND INTERFEROMETRY–FINNISH EXPERIENCES OF THE 3D TECHNIQUES
Authors: Holopainen M. , Vastaranta M. , Karjalainen M. , Karila K. , Kaasalainen S. , Honkavaara E. , Hyyppä J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing has enabled detailed mapping of terrain and vegetation heights. Consequently, forest inventory attributes are estimated more and more using point clouds and normalized surface models. In practical applications, mainly airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been used in forest resource mapping. The current status is that ALS-based forest inventories are widespread, and the popularity of ALS has also raised interest toward alternative 3D techniques, including airborne and spaceborne techniques. Point clouds can be generated using photogrammetry, radargrammetry and interferometry. Airborne stereo imagery can be used in deriving photogrammetric point clouds, as very-high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are used in radargrammetry and interferometry. ALS is capable of mapping both the terrain and tree heights in mixed forest conditions, which is an advantage over aerial images or SAR data. However, in many jurisdictions, a detailed ALS-based digital terrain model is already available, and that enables linking photogrammetric or SAR-derived heights to heights above the ground. In other words, in forest conditions, the height of single trees, height of the canopy and/or density of the canopy can be measured and used in estimation of forest inventory attributes. In this paper, first we review experiences of the use of digital stereo imagery and spaceborne SAR in estimation of forest inventory attributes in Finland, and we compare techniques to ALS. In addition, we aim to present new implications based on our experiences.
INFORMATION FILTERING WITH SUBMAPS FOR INERTIAL AIDED VISUAL ODOMETRY
Authors: Kleinert M. , Stilla U.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This work is concerned with the fusion of inertial measurements (accelerations and angular velocities) with imagery data (feature points extracted in a video stream) in a recursive bundle adjustment framework for indoor position and attitude estimation. Recursive processing is achieved by a combination of local submaps and the Schur complement. The Schur complement is used to reduce the problem size at regular intervals while retaining the information provided by past measurements. Local submaps provide a way to propagate the gauge constraints and thereby to alleviate the detrimental effects of linearization errors in the prior. Though the presented technique is not real-time capable in its current implementation, it can be employed to process arbitrarily long trajectories. The presented system is evaluated by comparing the estimated trajectory of the system with a reference trajectory of a prism attached to the system, which was recorded by a total station.
Lightning fatalities and injuries in Turkey
Authors: Tilev-Tanriover Ş. , Kahraman A. , Kadioğlu M. , Schultz D. M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A database of lightning-related fatalities and injuries in Turkey was constructed by collecting data from the Turkish State Meteorological Service, newspaper archives, European Severe Weather Database, and the internet. The database covers January 1930 to June 2014. In total, 742 lightning incidents causing human fatalities and injuries were found. Within these 742 incidents, there were 895 fatalities, 149 serious injuries, and 535 other injuries. Most of the incidents (89%) occurred during April through September, with a peak in May and June (26 and 28 %) followed by July (14%). Lightning-related fatalities and injuries were most frequent in the afternoon. Most of the incidents (86%) occurred in the rural areas, with only 14% in the urban areas. Approximately, two thirds of the victims with known gender were male. Because of the unrepresentativeness of the historical data, determining an average mortality rate over a long period is not possible. Nevertheless, there were 31 fatalities (0.42 per million) in 2012, 26 fatalities (0.35 per million) in 2013, and 25 fatalities (0.34 per million) in 2014 (as of June). There were 36 injuries (0.49 per million) in each of 2012 and 2013, and 62 injuries (0.84 per million) in 2014 (as of June).
Assessing the vulnerability of infrastructure to climate change on the Islands of Samoa
Authors: Fakhruddin S. H. M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Pacific Islanders have been exposed to risks associated with climate change. Samoa as one of the Pacific Islands are prone to climatic hazards that will likely increase in coming decades, affecting coastal communities and infrastructure around the islands. Climate models do not predict a reduction of such disaster events in the future in Samoa; indeed, most predict an increase in such events. This paper identifies key infrastructure and their functions and status in order to provide an overall picture of relative vulnerability to climate-related stresses of such infrastructure on the island. By reviewing existing reports as well as holding a series of consultation meetings, a list of critical infrastructures were developed and shared with stakeholders for their consideration. An indicator-based vulnerability model (SIVM) was developed in collaboration with stakeholders to assess the vulnerability of selected infrastructure systems on the Samoan Islands. Damage costs were extracted from the Evan cyclone recovery needs document. On the other hand, criticality and capacity to repair data were collected from stakeholders. Having stakeholder perspectives on these two issues was important because (a) criticality of a given infrastructure could be viewed differently among different stakeholders, and (b) stakeholders were the best available source (in this study) to estimate the capacity to repair non-physical damage to such infrastructure. Analysis of the results suggested rankings from most vulnerable to least vulnerable sectors are the transportation sector, the power sector, the water supply sector and the sewerage system.
Municipal solid waste open dumping, implication for land degradation
Authors: Yazdani M. , Monavari M. , Omrani G. A. , Shariat M. , Hosseini M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Open dumping is the common procedure for final disposal of MSW in Iran. Several environmental pollutions and land degradation have caused because of poor planning, insufficient financial resources, improper organizational chart for MSW management system, and the lack of rules, guidelines and regulations. In Iran standards and regulations of environmental issues are not perfectly attended, evaluation an open dumping can show existing restrictions and troubles in these areas. So recognition of the municipal solid waste landfill state is required to prevent the increase of environmental problems and decrease the negative environmental impacts. The suitability of Tonekabon existing municipal landfill site in the west area of Mazandaran province, located in north of Iran, and the south coast of the Caspian Sea is the significance of the present study as a case study of land degradation. In order to carry out this evaluation, two guidelines are used. After reviewing all the considered criteria in each of the guidelines, the authenticity of the deposit site of the study area and also the entire city was examined; and eventually the appropriate areas were identified. The conclusion of the results indicated the incoherence in appropriateness of the existing landfill site, with two mentioned methods and field work.
Lung Lobectomy as an Adjunctive Treatment for Refractory Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis in a Dog
Authors: McDaniel Kaylyn , McDaniel Kristen , Jaffey Jared A. , Struthers Jason D. , Walzthöni Natasha , Gordon Danielle
Published: March 2015

A 5 yr old, castrated male, border collie mixed-breed dog was evaluated for cough and subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Baseline serum anti-Coccidioides spp. immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibody titers were negative and 1:8, respectively. Thoracic computed tomography identified marked gravity-dependent pulmonary consolidation of the right middle lung lobe and marked tracheobronchial lymphadenomegaly. First-line antifungals were prescribed without adequate clinical or radiographic improvement, and a right middle lung lobectomy was subsequently performed 5.5 mo after diagnosis. Clinical signs associated with the respiratory tract resolved postoperatively. Fluconazole was discontinued 204 days after surgery because the dog remained subclinical, the thoracic computed tomography revealed near normal imaging with the exception of changes typical following a lung lobectomy, and the serum anti-Coccidioides spp. immunoglobulin G titer was 1:2. The dog remained subclinical >90 days after cessation of fluconazole. This case report describes the successful treatment outcome in a dog with severe Coccidioides spp. pneumonia following lung lobectomy and oral antifungal therapy. Future studies are warranted to determine the utility of adjunctive lung lobectomy in dogs with coccidioidomycosis who have large fungal burdens localized to a single lung lobe and are refractory to standard first-line oral antifungal therapies.
(a,d)-Continuous monotonic subgraph decomposition of K_n+1 and integral sum graphs G_(0,n)
Authors: Vilfred K. , Suryakala A.
Published: March 2015

For $a,d,n \in \mathbb{N}$, we define$(a, d)-Continuous$ Monotonic Subgraph Decomposition or $(a,d)-CMSD$ of a graph $G$ of size $\frac{(2a+(n-1)d)n}{2}$ as the decomposition of $G$ into $n$ subgraphs $G_1,G_2,\ldots,G_n$ without isolated vertices such that each $G_i$ is connected and isomorphic to a proper subgraph of $G_{i+1}$ and $|E(G_i)| = a+(i-1)d$ for $i = 1,2,\ldots,n.$ $(1, 1)-CMSD$ of a graph $G$ is called a Continuous Monotonic Subgraph Decomposition or CMSD of $G$. Harary introduced the concepts of sum and integral sum graphs and a family of integral sum graphs $G_{-n,n}$ over $[-n, n]$ and it was generalized to $G_{-m,n}$ where $[r, s] = \{r,r+1,\ldots,s\}$, $r,s \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $m,n \in \mathbb{N}_0$. In this paper, we study $(a, d)-CMSD$ of $K_{n+1}$ and $G_{0,n}$ into families of triangular books, triangular books with book mark and Fans with handle.
On certain new CAUCHY–TYPE fracitioanl integral inequalities and OPIAL–TYPE fractional derivative inequalities
Authors: Chouhan Amit
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to establish several new fractional integral and derivative inequalities for non-negative and integrable functions. These inequalities related to the extension of general Cauchy type inequalities and involving Saigo, Riemann-Louville type fractional integral operators together with multiple Erdelyi-Kober operator. Furthermore the Opial-type fractional derivative inequality involving H-function is also established. The generosity of H-function could leads to several new inequalities that are of great interest of future research.
Some properties of differential operator associated with generalized hypergeometric functions
Authors: El-yagubi Entisar , Darus Maslina
Published: March 2015

In the present investigation, new subclasses of analytic functions in the open unit disk which are defined using generalized derivative operator are introduced. Several interesting properties of these classes are obtained.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex stimulation enhances memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in the middle-aged rats
Authors: Liu Albert , Jain Neeraj , Vyas Ajai , Lim Lee Wei
Published: March 2015

Memory dysfunction is a key symptom of age-related dementia. Although recent studies have suggested positive effects of electrical stimulation for memory enhancement, its potential targets remain largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that spatially targeted deep brain stimulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex enhanced memory functions in a middle-aged rat model. Our results show that acute stimulation enhanced the short-, but not the long-term memory in the novel-object recognition task. Interestingly, after chronic high-frequency stimulation, both the short- and long-term memories were robustly improved in the novel-object recognition test and Morris water-maze spatial task compared to sham. Our results also demonstrated that chronic ventromedial prefrontal cortex high-frequency stimulation upregulated neurogenesis-associated genes along with enhanced hippocampal cell proliferation. Importantly, these memory behaviors were strongly correlated with the hippocampal neurogenesis. Overall, these findings suggest that chronic ventromedial prefrontal cortex high-frequency stimulation may serve as a novel effective therapeutic target for dementia-related disorders.
Nuclear genomic signals of the ‘microturbellarian’ roots of platyhelminth evolutionary innovation
Authors: Laumer Christopher E , Hejnol Andreas , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: March 2015

Flatworms number among the most diverse invertebrate phyla and represent the most biomedically significant branch of the major bilaterian clade Spiralia, but to date, deep evolutionary relationships within this group have been studied using only a single locus (the rRNA operon), leaving the origins of many key clades unclear. In this study, using a survey of genomes and transcriptomes representing all free-living flatworm orders, we provide resolution of platyhelminth interrelationships based on hundreds of nuclear protein-coding genes, exploring phylogenetic signal through concatenation as well as recently developed consensus approaches. These analyses robustly support a modern hypothesis of flatworm phylogeny, one which emphasizes the primacy of the often-overlooked ‘microturbellarian’ groups in understanding the major evolutionary transitions within Platyhelminthes: perhaps most notably, we propose a novel scenario for the interrelationships between free-living and vertebrate-parasitic flatworms, providing new opportunities to shed light on the origins and biological consequences of parasitism in these iconic invertebrates.
International Higher Education Cooperation in Hospitality, Tourism and Food Studies: An Experience Conducted by the Taylor’s Toulouse University Center in Malaysia
Authors: Poulain Jean-Pierre , Laporte Cyrille , Tibère Laurence , Ragavan Neethiahnanthan Ari
Published: March 2015

This paper narrates the story of the international university cooperation between a French state university, University Toulouse - Jean Jaurès and more precisely, the Higher Institute of Tourism, Hospitality and Food Studies (ISTHIA) and a private university, namely Taylor’s University and more precisely, the School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We first describe the five stages in the development of the partnership from 1986 to date with a focus on the major evolutions in both institutions and then review the current activities (joint degrees, research, exchange programs and continuing education) conducted under the aegis of the Taylor’s Toulouse University Center since 2009. We outline the paradigms underlying the design of such an international academic cooperation by using this experience as a reference. Lastly, we suggest socio-anthropological models of collective initiatives to describe and account for the rationale of action by the two partners. This paper encapsulates the nature of international academic cooperation and offers food for thought to envisage other cooperation schemes in different cultural environments.
Micro Impacts and Benefits of Business Tourism in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis for 2011-2012
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Ragavan Neethiahnanthan Ari , Kumar Jeetesh
Published: March 2015

The paper investigates the micro impacts and benefits of business tourism in terms of delegates spending and their experiences in Malaysia. It compares the results of two years of data collected during 2011 & 2012 at Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC). Descriptive analyses such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations are calculated, and patterns and trends in the responses for structured open-ended questions are observed. The findings of the study are discussed in detail with conclusion and recommendations for the industry.
Red Sea circulation during marine isotope stage 5e
Authors: Siccha Michael , Biton Eli , Gildor Hezi
Published: March 2015

We have employed a regional Massachusetts Institute of Technology oceanic general circulation model of the Red Sea to investigate its circulation during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, the peak of the last interglacial, approximately 125 ka before present. Compared to present‐day conditions, MIS 5e was characterized by higher Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, accompanied by increases in air temperature of more than 2°C and global sea level approximately 8 m higher than today. As a consequence of the increased seasonality, intensified monsoonal conditions with increased winds, rainfall, and humidity in the Red Sea region are evident in speleothem records and supported by model simulations. To assess the dominant factors responsible for the observed changes, we conducted several sensitivity experiments in which the MIS 5 boundary conditions or forcing parameters were used individually. Overall, our model simulation for the last interglacial maximum reconstructs a Red Sea that is colder, less ventilated and probably more oligotrophic than at present day. The largest alteration in Red Sea circulation and properties was found for the simulation of the northward displacement and intensification of the African tropical rain belt during MIS 5e, leading to a notable increase in the fresh water flux into the Red Sea. Such an increase significantly reduced the Red Sea salinity and exchange volume of the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. The Red Sea reacted to the MIS 5e insolation forcing by the expected increase in seasonal sea surface temperature amplitude and overall cooling caused by lower temperatures during deep water formation in winter.
The relation of mixed‐layer net community production to phytoplankton community composition in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Cassar Nicolas , Wright Simon W. , Thomson Paul G. , Trull Thomas W. , Westwood Karen J. , de Salas Miguel , Davidson Andrew , Pearce Imojen , Davies Diana M. , Matear Richard J.
Published: March 2015

Surface ocean productivity mediates the transfer of carbon to the deep ocean and in the process regulates atmospheric CO2 levels. A common axiom in oceanography is that large phytoplankton contribute disproportionally to the transfer of carbon to the deep ocean because of their greater ability to escape grazing pressure, build biomass, and sink. In the present study, we assessed the relationship of net community production to phytoplankton assemblages and plankton size distribution in the Sub‐Antarctic Zone and northern reaches of the Polar Frontal Zone in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. We reanalyzed and synthesized previously published estimates of O2/Ar net community oxygen production (NCP) and triple‐O2 isotopes gross primary oxygen production (GPP) along with microscopic and pigment analyses of the microbial community. Overall, we found that the axiom that large phytoplankton drive carbon export was not supported in this region. Mixed‐layer‐depth‐integrated NCP was correlated to particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration in the mixed layer. While lower NCP/GPP and NCP/POC values were generally associated with communities dominated by smaller plankton size (as would be expected), these communities did not preclude high values for both properties. Vigorous NCP in some regions occurred in the virtual absence of large phytoplankton (and specifically diatoms) and in communities dominated by nanoplankton and picoplankton. We also observed a positive correlation between NCP and the proportion of the phytoplankton community grazed by microheterotrophs, supporting the mediating role of grazers in carbon export. The novel combination of techniques allowed us to determine how NCP relates to upper ocean ecosystem characteristics and may lead to improved models of carbon export.
Geographic variability in organic carbon stock and accumulation rate in sediments of East and Southeast Asian seagrass meadows
Authors: Miyajima Toshihiro , Hori Masakazu , Hamaguchi Masami , Shimabukuro Hiromori , Adachi Hiroshi , Yamano Hiroya , Nakaoka Masahiro
Published: March 2015

Organic carbon (OC) stored in the sediments of seagrass meadows has been considered a globally significant OC reservoir. However, the sparsity and regional bias of studies on long‐term OC accumulation in coastal sediments have limited reliable estimation of the capacity of seagrass meadows as a global OC sink. We evaluated the amount and accumulation rate of OC in sediment of seagrass meadows and adjacent areas in East and Southeast Asia. In temperate sites, the average OC concentration in the top 30 cm of sediment was higher in seagrass meadows (780–1080 μmol g−1) than in sediments without seagrass cover (52–430 μmol g−1). The average OC in the top 30 cm of subtropical and tropical seagrass meadow sediments ranged from 140 to 440 μmol g−1. Carbon isotope mass balancing suggested that the contribution of seagrass‐derived carbon to OC stored in sediments was often relatively minor (temperate: 10–40%; subtropical: 35–82%; tropical: 4–34%) and correlated to the habitat type, being particularly low in estuarine habitats. Stock of OC in the top meter of sediment of all the studied meadows ranged from 38 to 120 Mg ha−1. The sediment accumulation rates were estimated by radiocarbon dating of six selected cores (0.32–1.34 mm yr−1). The long‐term OC accumulation rates calculated from the sediment accumulation rate and the top 30 cm average OC concentration for the seagrass meadows (24–101 kg ha−1 yr−1) were considerably lower than the OC accumulation rates previously reported for Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica meadows (580 kg ha−1 yr−1 on average). Current estimates for the global carbon sink capacity of seagrass meadows, which rely largely on Mediterranean studies, may be considerable overestimations.
Spatial patterns of climatological temperature lapse rate in mainland China: A multi–time scale investigation
Authors: Li Yue , Zeng Zhenzhong , Zhao Lin , Piao Shilong
Published: March 2015

Quantitative evaluation of how mountain ecosystems respond to climate change requires accurate estimates of temperature at high elevations. One approach to estimating highland temperature is to extrapolate temperatures from low elevations based on previous observations of the environmental temperature lapse rate (γlocal). However, our understanding of γlocal is still very limited. Here we use daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperature (Tmean, Tmax, and Tmin) data from 523 meteorological stations in mainland China to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of the climatological γlocal (γlocal(Tmean), γlocal(Tmax), and γlocal(Tmin)). The patterns of all γlocal display (1) a significant (P < 0.05) spatial difference between southern China (4 to 6 K km−1) and northern China (including the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, >6 K km−1) and (2) a distinct seasonal variation, with higher γlocal occurring in summer and lower in winter (except for the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau where the seasonality is reversed). In addition, the seasonal amplitude of γlocal(Tmax) exceeds that of γlocal(Tmin). Physically, γlocal(Tmax) is significantly influenced by cloud cover (partial correlation coefficients: R = −0.25, P < 0.001) and regulated by precipitation, with γlocal (Tmax) increasing with Tmax in humid regions while decreasing in drier regions. At night, the spatial pattern of γlocal (Tmin) is determined by Tmin (R = −0.51, P < 0.001) due to temperature control on the saturated adiabatic lapse rate. Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of γlocal obviously differs in regional distributions and seasonal variations and may be a result of the interactions among the climatic factors. To improve the accuracy of the extrapolation method requires spatial patterns of γlocal rather than just a constant universal value.
Properties of electromagnetic fields generated by tsunami first arrivals: Classification based on the ocean depth
Authors: Minami Takuto , Toh Hiroaki , Tyler Robert H.
Published: March 2015

Tsunami flow coupled with the geomagnetic field generates electric currents and associated magnetic fields. Although electromagnetic (EM) tsunami signals can be used for analysis and even forecasting tsunami propagation, the dynamically self‐consistent effect of shoaling water depth on the fluid + electrodynamics has not been adequately clarified. In this study, we classify tsunami EM phenomena into three cases based on the ocean depth and find that the deeper ocean results in stronger self‐induction due to the increase in both tsunami phase velocity and ocean conductance. In this deep‐ocean case, the phase lead of the vertical magnetic variation relative to the sea surface elevation is smaller, while an initial rise in the horizontal magnetic component becomes observable prior to tsunami arrival. Furthermore, we confirm that the enhancement of tsunami height in shallower oceans shifts the ocean depth supplying maximum amplitudes of tsunami magnetic fields from approximately 2.0 km to 1.5 km.
Different phases of the earthquake cycle captured by seismicity along the North Anatolian Fault
Authors: Bulut Fatih
Published: March 2015

The North Anatolian Fault has accommodated three major earthquakes during the last 15 years. Although the fault zone has substantially failed during the last century, it did not completely fail in NW Turkey and therefore left several segments at different physical stages. In this study, the seismicity rate is used as a proxy to locate the brittle fault sections with high/low strain accumulation. The results show that the 1999 M7.4 İzmit and the 2014 M6.9 Aegean earthquakes were preceded by almost a decade‐long period of enhanced microearthquake activity representing a brittle process preparing the failure. This interpretation is supported by observed lateral migration of microearthquakes toward the main shock hypocenter within a time scale of roughly a decade. The Sea of Marmara segments of the North Anatolian Fault show a rather temporally uniform seismicity trend leading to the hypothesis that those segments are still not in the preparation stage for a large earthquake. The results also show that the duration of aftershock activity is not controlled only by the size of main shocks.
Facilitating Effect of Multisensory Letter Encoding on Reading and Spelling in 5‐Year‐Old Children
Authors: Labat Helene , Vallet Guillaume , Magnan Annie , Ecalle Jean
Published: March 2015

This study aims at identifying the effect of training in the acquisition of the alphabetic principle in 5‐year‐old children. We compared the effect of multisensory training of letters in visual, haptic, graphomotor, visuo‐haptic, and visuo‐graphomotor groups. For each training type, we contrasted trained versus untrained letters in reading and spelling tasks. First, visuo‐haptic and visuo‐graphomotor training improved letter‐sound correspondence acquisition scores more than the other types of training, and this improvement persisted in the second post‐test. A cross‐modal transfer was revealed by the fact that scores increased after blindfold haptic and graphomotor experiences. Moreover, performance on untrained letters also improved, suggesting an indirect effect following the specific trained letters training. The results argue in favor of a facilitating effect of multisensory encoding on acquisition of the alphabetic principle. Practical implications for the prevention of future reading difficulties are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Free NH 2‐(Aminomethyl)indoles through Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction of 3‐(ortho‐Trifluoroacetamidophenyl)‐1‐propargylic Alcohols with Amines and Palladium/Copper‐ Cocatalyzed Domino Three‐Component Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling/Cyclization/Substitution Reactions
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Iazzetti Antonia , Molinaro Carmela , Verdiglione Rosanna , Goggiamani Antonella
Published: March 2015

Free NH 2‐(aminomethyl)indoles have been prepared via copper‐catalyzed cyclization of 3‐(ortho‐trifluoroacetamidophenyl)‐1‐propargylic alcohols in the presence of primary or secondary amines. The synthesis has been developed into a simple and very efficient domino three‐component Sonogashira cross‐coupling/cyclization/substitution process that, omitting the isolation of 3‐(ortho‐trifluoroacetamidophenyl)‐1‐propargylic alcohols, provides access to this class of compounds by treating 2‐iodotrifluoroacetanilides, propargylic alcohols, and primary or secondary amines with a copper/palladium catalyst system.

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Light‐Sensitive and Recoverable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complex in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Lang Rui , Wang Wenlong , Lv Hui , Zhao Liyuan , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of a light‐responsive N‐heterocyclic carbene copper(I) complex by introducing a nitrobenzospiropyran unit into the carbene ligand was developed. The solubility of this complex was controlled through reversible conversion between its netural and ionic states using ultraviolet light irradiation. Taking advantage of such a light‐sensitive property facilitated its recovery and reuse in copper(I)‐catalyzed homogeneous oxidation and “click” reactions.

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Bioaktive Gläser: Struktur und Eigenschaften
Authors: Brauer Delia S.
Published: March 2015

Bioaktive Gläser waren die ersten synthetischen Materialien, die mit Knochen zu einem stabilen Verbund verwachsen, und sie werden erfolgreich zur Knochenregeneration eingesetzt. Bioaktive Gläser können im Körper mit einer der Knochenheilung angepassten Rate abgebaut werden, und durch eine Kombination aus Apatitkristallisation auf ihrer Oberfläche und der Freisetzung von Ionen stimulieren sie die Proliferation von Knochenzellen, was in der Bildung von neuem Knochen resultiert. Trotz ihrer ausgezeichneten Eigenschaften, und obwohl sie seit nahezu dreißig Jahren klinisch eingesetzt werden, ist ihr klinisches Anwendungsspektrum derzeit gering. Aktuelle Forschungen konzentrieren sich daher auf die Entwicklung neuer Zusammensetzungen für den klinischen Bedarf, einschließlich Gläsern zur Behandlung von Osteoporose, mit antibakteriellen Eigenschaften oder zum Sintern von Gerüststrukturen mit verbesserter mechanischer Stabilität. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert, wie die Struktur bioaktiver Gläser deren Eigenschaften bestimmt, und zeigt, wie ein strukturbasiertes Design Wege zu neuen bioaktiven Glasimplantate für die Knochenregeneration ebnet.
Niedervalente Eisen(I)‐Amido‐Olefinkomplexe als Promotoren von Dehydrierungsreaktionen
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin , Viciu Liliana , Adelhardt Mario , Sutter Jörg , Meyer Karsten , de Bruin Bas , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: March 2015

FeI‐Verbindungen einschließlich Hydrogenasen1a zeigen bemerkenswerte Stoffeigenschaften und Reaktivitäten.2–6 Das Anion [Fe(C(SiMe3)3)2]− ist ein Einzelmolekülmagnet mit hoher Anisotropiebarriere.2a In stöchiometrischen Reaktionen wurden Eisen(I)‐Diketiminate, Eisen(I)‐Tris(phosphino)borate und verwandte Spezies als Modellverbindungen für die N2‐Aktivierung4a–c,l, 5a,f sowie die Spaltung und Kupplung von CO2 etabliert.4d,e Die Entwicklung wohldefinierter Eisen(I)‐Komplexe für katalytische Umsetzungen bleibt jedoch eine Herausforderung. Die wenigen Beispiele umfassen Kreuzkupplungen,2b, 3 Hydrierungen terminaler Olefine4f und Azidfunktionalisierungen.4h, 5i Hier berichten wir über die Herstellung und Eigenschaften bimetallischer Komplexe [MFeI(trop2dae)(solv)] mit einer d7‐Fe‐low‐spin‐Valenzelektronenkonfiguration (M=Na, solv=3 thf (1); M=Li, solv=2 Et2O (2); trop=5H‐Dibenzo[a,d]cyclo‐hepten‐5‐yl, dae=(N‐CH2‐CH2‐N)). Verbindungen 1 und 2 induzieren die Dehydrierung von N,N‐Dimethylaminboran, und 1 ist ein Präkatalysator für die dehydrierende Alkoholyse von Silanen. Es wurden keine Hinweise auf heterogene Katalyse gefunden. Vor allem mit [NaFeI(trop2dae)(thf)3] (1) wurden hohe Aktivitäten und vollständige Umsätze erzielt.
‘Through speaking, he finds himself … a bit’: Dialogues Open for Moving and Living through Inviting Attentiveness, Expressive Vitality and New Meaning
Authors: Bøe Tore Dag , Kristoffersen Kjell , Lidbom Per Arne , Lindvig Gunnhild Ruud , Seikkula Jaakko , Ulland Dagfinn , Zachariassen Karianne
Published: March 2015

Studies exploring the experiences of recovering from mental health difficulties show the significance of social and relational aspects. Dialogical practices operate within the realm of social relations; individual perspectives are not the primary focus of attention. The present study is part of a series of qualitative studies from southern Norway, exploring dialogical practices and change from the perspective of lived experience and in relationship with network meetings. Two co‐researchers, who themselves had experienced mental health difficulties, were part of the research team. Material from qualitative interviews was analysed through a dialogical hermeneutical process where ideas from Emmanuel Lévinas and Mikhail Bakhtin were used as analytical lenses. Six interdependent dimensions emerged from our interpretative analysis, comprising three temporal dimensions (1. Dialogues open the moment, 2. Dialogues open the past, and 3. Dialogues open the future) and three dimensions of speaking, which operated across the three temporal dimensions (4. Ethical: Dialogues open through inviting attentiveness and valuing, 5. Expressive: Dialogues open for new vitality, and 6. Hermeneutical: Dialogues open for new meaning). These dimensions were incorporated into one main theme: Dialogues – beginning by others being invitingly attentive – open for moving and living. The way the findings point to change events as an opening for movement – ‘moving in’ as if from the outside, and ‘moving on’ as opposed to being stuck – are discussed in relation to other studies. We conclude by suggesting that the salient point of change‐generating conversations is in the ethics of being invitingly attentive, and such conversations should take into account multidimensionality, that relates to the past and the future.
Dialogical Ethics: Imagining the Other
Authors: Larner Glenn
Published: March 2015

This article explores dialogical ethics in terms of imagining the other. Following Bakhtin it suggests that in the dialogical imagination therapists are like novelists recounting the voice of a character: they take the words of clients and make them their own as part of a therapeutic dialogue or narrative. This is a creative act of the imagination that attempts to make sense of the world through the other's eyes and invites the client to do likewise while contributing a therapeutic intention and perspective. The article draws on the writings of Bakhtin and Levinas and contemporary therapists influenced by their ideas in order to locate therapy as a dialogical ethics. This is illustrated by a detailed example from therapy practice.
Developing Dialogicity in Relational Practices: Reflecting on Experiences from Open Dialogues
Authors: Arnkil Tom E. , Seikkula Jaakko
Published: March 2015

The paper analyses open dialogicity in psychotherapy and juxtaposes it with education in order to find common dialogical elements in all relational practices. The core is found in unconditional respect for otherness and generating dialogical space for voices to be heard. In traditional practice, professionals are tempted to plan interventions according to the goals of change informed by their methods and in team work and multi‐professional practices they may even do this between themselves, away from the clients. Pre‐set categories, plans and goals, however well founded they may seem, hinder listening. Following what others present here‐and‐now calls for tolerating uncertainty. Insight into developing dialogical family therapy opens through focusing on how therapists join in interacting with families instead of focusing on and interpreting the interactions of families. The conclusions provide a set of reflective questions for improving being in the present moment in psychotherapy practice.
Simulation of set‐point feed‐forward control of wellhead valves in an organic Rankine cycle geothermal power plant
Authors: Proctor Matthew J. , Yu Wei , Young Brent R.
Published: March 2015

Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are an energy conversion technology particularly suitable for low enthalpy heat resources. In this paper, the application of a different kind of feed‐forward scheme called set‐point feed‐forward control to an organic Rankine cycle geothermal power plant is examined. The set‐point feed‐forward control scheme uses a set‐point for a pressure controller in the plant to govern the position of valves located at the geothermal wellheads. It was tested using a dynamic model of an ORC geothermal plant, which shows an improvement in the time taken to reach steady state by a factor of 4–6. Testing the scheme with a simplified optimisation programme and disturbance in ambient temperature showed it reduced the emission of 4 tonnes of geothermal vapour to the atmosphere, which ultimately improves plant sustainability and profitability. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insight into the kinetics of diisocyanate‐alcohol reactions by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Nagy Tibor , Antal Borbála , Czifrák Katalin , Papp Ildikó , Karger‐Kocsis József , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor
Published: March 2015

The uncatalyzed reactions of 2,4‐TDI (2,4‐toluenediisocyanate) and MDI (4,4′‐diphenylmethane‐diisocyanate) with alcohols including butan‐1‐ol, butan‐2‐ol, diethylene glycol monomethylether (DEGME) were studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The reactions were carried out at different temperatures from 22°C to 75°C using high molar ratios of alcohols to diisocyanates. It was found that the first isocyanate group of the MDI reacts about 1.5 times faster with the alcohols than the second one. The relative reactivities of the isocyanate groups (para and ortho) of 2,4‐TDI as a function of the temperature was also deduced. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants the apparent activation energies were determined. Furthermore, the dependence of the apparent rate constant on the concentration of alcohols was also investigated and a mechanism was proposed for the reaction of diisocyanates with alcohols. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42127.
Characterization of in vitro metabolites of cudratricusxanthone A in human liver microsomes
Authors: Sim Juhee , Choi Eunhwa , Jeong Gil‐Saeng , Lee Sangkyu
Published: March 2015

Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA), isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata, exhibits several biological activities; however, metabolic biotransformation was not investigated. Therefore, metabolites of CTXA were investigated and the major metabolic enzymes engaged in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were characterized using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). CTXA was incubated with HLMs or human recombinant CYPs and UGTs, and analysed by an LC‐MS/MS equipped electrospray ionization (ESI) to qualify and quantify its metabolites. In total, eight metabolites were identified: M1–M4 were identified as mono‐hydroxylated metabolites during Phase I, and M5–M8 were identified as O‐glucuronidated metabolites during Phase II in HLMs. Moreover, these metabolite structures and a metabolic pathway were identified by elucidation of MSn fragments and formation by human recombinant enzymes. M1 was formed by CYP2D6, and M2–M4 were generated by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. M5–M8 were mainly formed by UGT1A1, respectively. While investigating the biotransformation of CTXA, eight metabolites of CTXA were identified by CYPs and UGTs; these data will be valuable for understanding the in vivo metabolism of CTXA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ancestral experience as a game changer in stress vulnerability and disease outcomes
Authors: Metz Gerlinde A. S. , Ng Jane W. Y. , Kovalchuk Igor , Olson David M.
Published: March 2015

Stress is one of the most powerful experiences to influence health and disease. Through epigenetic mechanisms, stress may generate a footprint that propagates to subsequent generations. Programming by prenatal stress or adverse experience in parents, grandparents, or earlier generations may thus be a critical determinant of lifetime health trajectories. Changes in regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) by stress may enhance the vulnerability to certain pathogenic factors. This review explores the hypothesis that miRNAs represent stress‐responsive elements in epigenetic regulation that are potentially heritable. Recent findings suggest that miRNAs are key players linking adverse early environments or ancestral stress with disease risk, thus they represent useful predictive disease biomarkers. Since miRNA signatures of disease are potentially heritable, big data management platforms will be vital to harness multi‐generational information and capture succinct yet potent biomarkers capable of directing preventative treatments. This feature would offer a unique window of opportunity to advance personalized medicine.
Patterns of gray matter atrophy in atypical parkinsonism syndromes: a VBM meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Fang , Barron Daniel S. , Tantiwongkosi Bundhit , Fox Peter
Published: March 2015

Background and Purpose

Accurate diagnosis of Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes (APS) is important due to differences in prognosis and management, but remains a challenge in the clinical setting. The purpose of our meta‐analysis was to identify characteristic patterns of gray matter atrophy in Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Multisystem‐Atrophy Parkinsonian type (MSA‐P), and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD).

Materials and Methods

Whole‐brain meta‐analysis was performed on 39 published voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) articles (consisting of 404 IPD, 87 MSA‐P, 165 CBD, and 176 PSP subjects) using the modified Anatomic Likelihood Estimation method. Based on these results, contrast analyses were then utilized to determine areas of atrophy shared by as well as unique to each disorder.

Results

CBD was characterized by asymmetric gray matter atrophy in multiple cortical regions, while the thalamus‐midbrain and insula were predominantly involved in PSP. The striatum and superior cerebellum were affected in MSA‐P, while IPD demonstrated an anterior cerebral pattern. Although there was a mild overlap among PSP, CBD, and MSA‐P, significant regions of atrophy unique to each disorder were identified, including (1) the superior parietal lobule in CBD (2) putamen in MSA‐P (3) insula and medial dorsal nucleus in PSP.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that there are characteristic patterns of atrophy in APS. Guided by these findings, future studies on the individual subject level may lead to the development of robust imaging biomarkers.
A Mutasynthesis Approach with a Penicillium chrysogenum ΔroqA Strain Yields New Roquefortine D Analogues
Authors: Ouchaou Kahina , Maire Florian , Salo Oleksandr , Ali Hazrat , Hankemeier Thomas , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Filippov Dmitri V. , Bovenberg Roel A. L. , Vreeken Rob J. , Driessen Arnold J. M. , Overkleeft Herman S.
Published: March 2015

Penicillium chrysogenum, which lacks the roqA gene, processes synthetic, exogenously added histidyltryptophanyldiketopiperazine (HTD) to yield a set of roquefortine‐based secondary metabolites also produced by the wild‐type strain. Feeding a number of synthetic HTD analogues to the ΔroqA strain gives rise to the biosynthesis of a number of new roquefortine D derivatives, depending on the nature of the synthetic HTD added. Besides delivering semisynthetic roquefortine analogues, the mutasynthesis studies presented here also shed light on the substrate preferences and molecular mechanisms employed by the roquefortine C/D biosynthesis gene cluster, knowledge that may be tapped for the future development of more complex semisynthetic roquefortine‐based secondary metabolites.