bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Status and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Girls With Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Durá-Travé Teodoro , Gallinas-Victoriano Fidel , Ahmed-Mohamed Lotfi , Moreno-González Paula , Urretavizcaya-Martinez María , Malumbres-Chacón María
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the vitamin D status and PTH levels in 6- to 8-years-old girls with central precocious puberty. A cross-sectional clinical and blood testing (calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D and PTH) were carried out in 78 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP group), aged 6.1-7.9 years. A control group was recruited (157 prepubertal girls, aged 6.1-8.2 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D. There were no significant differences in the vitamin D status between both groups. There were not significant differences in 25(OH)D levels between CPP (25.4±8.6 ng/mL) and control groups (28.2±7.4 ng/mL). In contrast, in CPP group PHT levels (44.8±16.3 pg/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) with respect to control group (31.0±11.9 ng/mL). In CPP group there was positive correlation (p < 0.05) between PTH levels and growth rate, bone age, basal estradiol, basal FSH, basal LH and LH peak. Conclusion: Vitamin D status in 6- to 8-years-old girls with CPP is similar to that in prepubertal girls. PTH levels were significantly higher in girls with CPP, and could be considered as a pubertal characteristic and, in this case, of pubertal precocity.
Association Between Serum Sphingolipids and Eudaimonic Well-Being in White U.S. Adults
Authors: Berkowitz Loni , Henríquez Marcela P. , Salazar Cristian , Rojas Eric , Echeverría Guadalupe , Love Gayle D. , Rigotti Attilio , Coe Christopher L. , Ryff Carol D.
Published: May 2021

Emerging research has linked psychological well-being with many physiological markers as well as morbidity and mortality. In this analysis, the relationship between components of eudaimonic well-being and serum sphingolipids levels was investigated using data from a large national survey of middle-aged American adults (Midlife in the United States). Health behaviors (i.e., diet, exercise, and sleep) were also examined as potential mediators of these relationships. Serum levels of total ceramides - the main molecular class of sphingolipids previously associated with several disease conditions - were inversely linked with environmental mastery. In addition, significant correlations were found between specific ceramide, dihydroceramide, and hexosylceramides species with environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Using hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, health behaviors appeared to mediate these associations. However, the link between ceramides and environmental mastery was partially independent of health behaviors, suggesting the role of additional mediating factors. These findings point to sphingolipid metabolism as a novel pathway of health benefits associated with psychological well-being. In particular, having a sense of environmental mastery may promote restorative behaviors and benefit health via improved blood sphingolipid profiles.
Diagnostic Performance of Unenhanced Electrocardiogram-gated Cardiac CT for Myocardial Edema Using Cardiac T2 Mapping as a Reference Standard
Authors: Emoto Takafumi , Kidoh Masafumi , Oda Seitaro , Sakabe Daisuke , Morita Kosuke , Hatemura Masahiro , Nakaura Takeshi , Nagayama Yasunori , Sasao Akira , Inoue Taihei , Funama Yoshinori , Takashio Seiji , Kaikita Koichi , Tsujita Kenichi , Hirai Toshinori
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated cardiac CT for myocardial edema, using T2 mapping as the reference standard.
Methods

This study included 34 patients (23 men; age 64.7 ± 14.6 years) who underwent cardiac CT and MRI. On the unenhanced ECG-gated cardiac CT images, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the septal myocardium. Using T2 mapping as the reference standard, the diagnostic performance of unenhanced cardiac CT for myocardial edema was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with sensitivity and specificity.
Results

Mean CT values moderately correlated with mean T2 values (Rho = -0.41; P < 0.05). Mean CT values provided a sensitivity of 63.2% and a specificity of 93.3% for detecting myocardial edema, with a cut-off value of ≤ 45.0 HU (AUC = 0.77; P < 0.01). Inter-observer reproducibility in measuring mean CT values was excellent (ICC = 0.93; [95% CI: 0.86, 0.96]).
Conclusion

This is the first clinical study to assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced ECG-gated cardiac CT for myocardial edema, using T2 mapping as the reference standard. Our study suggested that the CT value of myocardium in unenhanced ECG-gated cardiac CT may be an optional parameter in addition to late iodine enhancement and extracellular volume fraction for myocardial tissue characterization, but further prospective, large-scale clinical studies are needed.
Identification of Seven Novel Ferroptosis-Related Long Non - Coding RNA Signatures as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Wu Wei , Lin Zehang , Liu Shuhan , Chen Qiaoqian , Jiang Xiandong , Xue Yan , Lin Donghong
Published: May 2021

Background: Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death that participates in the biological processes of various cancers. However, the mechanism by which ferroptosis modulates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML and establish a corresponding prognostic model.Methods: RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological characteristics were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from the FerrDb database. The “limma” R package, Cox regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to determine the ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature with the lowest Akaike information criteria (AIC). The risk score of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs was calculated and patients with AML were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the risk score. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to explore the biological functions of the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs.Results: Seven ferroptosis-related lncRNA signatures were identified in the training group, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses confirmed that risk scores were independent prognostic predictors of AML in both the training and validation groups (All P < 0.05). In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) analysis confirmed that the signatures had a good predictive ability for the prognosis of AML. GSEA and ssGSEA showed that the seven ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were related to glutathione metabolism and tumor immunity.Conclusions: In this study, seven novel ferroptosis-related lncRNA signatures (AP001266.2, AC133961.1, AF064858.3, AC007383.2, AC008906.1, AC026771.1, and KIF26B-AS1) were established. These signatures were shown to accurately predict the prognosis of AML, which would provide new insights into strategies for the development of new AML therapies.
Rapid Detection of Pesticide in Milk, Cereal and Cereal based Food and Fruit Juices using Paper Strip-based Sensor
Authors: Dasriya Vaishali , Joshi Ritu , Ranveer Soniya , Dhundale Vishal , Kumar Naresh , VISHWESWARAIAH Raghu
Published: May 2021

The study was aimed to validate paper strip sensors for the detection of pesticide residues in milk, cereal-based food, and fruit juices in comparison with GC-MS/MS under field conditions. The detection limit of pesticide using rapid paper strip sensor for organophosphate, carbamate, organochlorine, fungicide, and herbicide group ranges from 1 to 10, 1–50, 250–500, 1–50, and 1 ppb, respectively in milk and milk product, cereal-based food and fruit juices. Among 125 samples of milk samples collected from the market 33 milk samples comprising 31 raw milk and 2 pasteurized milk found positive for pesticide using the strip-based sensor. In Cereal based food and fruit juice samples, 6 cereal flours and 4 fruit juices were found positive for pesticide residues. The pesticide positive samples were further evaluated quantitatively using GC-MS/MS wherein 7 samples comprised of raw milk, pasteurized milk, rice flour, wheat flour, maize flour, apple juice, and pomegranate juice have shown the presence of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan DDD and DDT at trace level as well as at above MRL level. It is envisaged that the developed paper strip sensor can be a potential tool in the rapid and cost-effective screening of a large number of food samples for pesticide residues.
The clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of mucinous micropapillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: sun yangyang , gu wenxian , wang gengfang , zhou xiaoli
Published: May 2021

Background

Mucinous micropapillary carcinoma (MMPC) is a unique subtype of breast cancer and detailed investigation of clinical characteristics of MMPC is not fully investigated.
Methods

MMPC, pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) and invasive micropapollary carcinoma (IMPC) samples were enrolled simultaneously and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis to explore the clinicopathological attributes of MMPC. Moreover, survival analysis of MMPC were performed among MMPC, PMBC and IMPC group and within MMPC group.
Results

The result showed that MMPC demonstrated distinct pathological features and vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis were two significant clinical attributes of MMPC. MMPC encountered a decreased survival time than PMBC but an increased survival time than IMBC while TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were identified as two independent prognostic elements for DFS of MMPC prognosis.
Conclusions

The data implied that further understanding and classification of MMPC may provide better individualized therapeutic strategies for MMPC treatment.
Gastric Mucin Phenotype Indicated Aggressive Biological Behavior in Early Differentiated Gastric Adenocarcinomas by Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: Song Kai , Yang Qi , Yan Yu , Yu Xiaoyan , Xu Kanlun , Xu Jinghong
Published: May 2021

Background:The distribution of mucin phenotypes and its relationship with clinicopathological features in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas among the Chinese cohort is unknow. We aim to investigate the mucin phenotypes and analyze the relationship between mucin phenotypes and clinicopathological features, especially the biological behavior, in early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas from endoscopic specimens in a Chinese cohort.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining of CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6 was performed in 257 patients with early differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas. Tumor location, gross type, tumor size, histological type, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, mucosal background and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Analyzed the relationship between mucin phenotypes and clinicopathological features through chi-square test.ResultsThe incidence of ໿ gastric-, gastrointestinal-, intestinal- and null-phenotype was 21%, 56%, 20% and 3% respectively. The mucin phenotypes were related with histology classification (P༜0.05). The proportion of gastric-phenotype became greater during the transition from differentiated to undifferentiated (P༜0.05). Complete intestinal metaplasia in gastric- and intestinal-phenotype was higher than gastrointestinal-phenotype (P༜0.05). Those mixed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were mainly of gastric-phenotype, which was significantly higher than that of purely differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), and the depth of infiltration of mixed type was deeper (P < 0.05). Neither recurrence nor metastasis were detected.ConclusionsThe mucin phenotype of early differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma is of clinical implication, and gastric-phenotype has aggressive biological behavior in early differentiated gastric cancers, especially in those mixed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or papillary adenocarcinoma component.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Neurologic Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: Research Rehabilitation Protocols for Mechanistic and Clinical Investigations
Authors: Buard Isabelle , Lattanzio Lucas , Stewart Rebekah , Thompson Sarah , Sjoberg Kristin , Hookstadt Karen , Morrow Meghan , Holden Samantha K , Sillau Stefan , Thaut Michael , Kluger Benzi
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPresently available medications and surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease have limited effects on fine motor problems and often leave patients with significant fine motor disability. Standard of care occupational therapy (OT) yields low efficacy, potentially due to a lack of standard protocols. Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) techniques, especially Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation which relies on interaction between rhythm and movement, have shown to be effective in PD gait rehabilitation possibly through their reliance on neural pathways that are not affected by PD. Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP) is one other NMT technique that holds promise but which mode of action and efficacy has not been investigated in PD yet. MethodsOne hundred PD participants will be randomly assigned to receive 15 sessions of either TIMP with rhythm or TIMP without rhythm, standard of care OT, or to be waitlisted (control) over 5 consecutive weeks. Brain oscillatory responses will be collected using magnetoencephalography during an auditory-motor task to understand the underlying mechanisms. The Grooved Pegboard, the UPDRS III finger tap and the finger-thumb opposition will be assessed to investigate clinical changes related to fine motor function. This project will also serve to confirm or refute our pilot data findings suggesting NMT relies on compensatory brain networks utilized by the PD brain to bypass the dysfunctional basal ganglia. DiscussionThis study aims to use standardized TIMP and OT research protocols for investigating the neuronal pathways utilized by each intervention and possibly study their efficacy with respect to fine motor rehabilitation via a randomized control trial in the PD population.
WITHDRAWN: PBeiD Priority-based Information Dissemination Protocol for V2V Communication
Authors: Tomar Ravi , Sastry Hanumat G , Prateek Manish
Published: May 2021

In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET)s, efficient information dissemination plays a vital role in its successful deployment. Broadcasting has proven as one of the better ways for Information Dissemination over vehicular Networks, and cooperative behaviour among vehicles for information exchange is critical. However, the existing broadcast techniques are still suffering from multiple issues such as Broadcast storm problem, network partition problem, and network contention. Motivated from the aforementioned discussion, in this paper, we propose a Priority-based Efficient Information Dissemination Protocol (PBeiD) to improve the broadcast efficiency in VANETs. PBeiD protocol developed with a blend of probability and density-based information dissemination concepts and implemented in the testbed environment using simulation tools consisting of SUMO, OMNET++, and VEINS. The proposed protocol is compared with benchmark protocols, and the simulation is carried out based on different scenarios from sparse to dense. We found that our protocol is performing well in almost all the cases and to provide proper justification that our results are significant and not by chance, we applied statistical t-test on the results obtained.
Comparative Genomics of two Inbred Lines of the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis reveals disparate Effector Family-specific Diversification Patterns
Authors: Steenbrugge Joris J.M. van , Elsen Sven van den , Holterman Martijn , Sterken Mark G. , Thorpe Peter , Goverse Aska , Smant Geert , Helder Johannes
Published: May 2021

Background: Potato cyst nematodes belong to the most harmful pathogens in potato, and durable management of these soil-borne parasites largely depends on host-plant resistances. These resistances are pathotype specific. The current Globodera rostochiensis pathotype scheme that defines five pathotypes (Ro1 - Ro5) is for fundamental and practical reasons barely useful. As a result, resistant potato varieties are used worldwide in a non-informed manner. Results: We generated two novel reference genomes of G. rostochiensis inbred lines derived from a Ro1 and a Ro5 population. These genome sequences comprise 173 and 189 scaffolds respectively, marking a » 24-fold reduction in fragmentation as compared to the current reference genome. We provide copy number variations for 18 effector families. Four dorsal gland effector families were investigated in more detail. SPRYSECs, known to be implicated in plant defence suppression, constitute by far the most diversified family with 60 and 99 variants in Ro1 and Ro5 distributed over 18 and 26 scaffolds. In contrast, CLEs, effectors involved in feeding site induction, show strong physical clustering. The 10 and 16 variants cluster on respectively 2 and 1 scaffolds. Given that pathotypes are defined by their effectoromes, we pinpoint the disparate nature of the contributing effector families in terms of sequence diversification and loss and gain of variants.Conclusion: Two novel reference genomes allow for nearly complete inventories of effector diversification and physical organisation within and between pathotypes. Combined with insights we provide on effector family-specific diversification patterns, this constitutes a solid basis for an effectorome-based virulence scheme for this notorious pathogen.
Rice agronomic traits and variability induced by mutagenesis
Authors: Soto Alejandro Hernandez , Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Abdelnour-Esqu Ana , Gatica-Arias Andres , Valdez-Melara Marta
Published: May 2021

Understanding agronomic traits at a genetic level enables the leveraging of this knowledge to produce crops that are more productive and resilient, have better quality and are adjusted for consumer preferences. In the last decade, rice has become a model to validate the function of specific genes, resulting in valuable but scattered information. Here, we aimed to identify particular genes in rice related to traits that can be targeted by different mutation techniques in the breeding of crops. We selected gain of function, misfunction, and specific mutations associated with phenotypes of agronomic interest. The review includes specific trait-related genes involved in domestication, stress, herbicide tolerance, pathogen resistance, grain number, quality, weight, plant structure, nitrogen use, and others. The information presented can be used for rice and crops with similar or homologous genes to breed crops that require improvement to achieve more sustainable production in challenging farming conditions.
COORDINATION OF INTELLECTUAL AND INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY WITH PRIORITIES OF ACHIEVEMENT OF ECOLOGICALLY BALANCED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Denysenko P.A.
Published: May 2021

The paper examines the processes of harmonization of intellectual and innovative activities with the priorities of achieving ecologically balanced development. It is found that there is an intellectual convergence of regional development in Ukraine and the growth of innovation output in initially less intellectualized regions is faster, than in initially more intellectualized regions (in our case, regions with higher values of innovation output, thousand UAH). Increasing the rate of output of innovative products in the initially inactive regions is a factor in equalizing regional development and increasing the stability of the entire economic system. It is noted that intellectual convergence is a factor that will help balance both the economic component of regional development and environmental. Intellectual convergence and increasing the level of intellectualization of production and consumption is the basis for further environmentally sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. The paper notes that with regard to human capital, for long-term sustainable development it is necessary to ensure its alignment in the educational and intellectual component. All economic agents must have universally recognized human moral qualities and demonstrate environmental awareness in the processes of production and consumption. The article notes that the increase in the rate of output of innovative products in the initially inactive regions is a factor in equalizing regional development and increasing the stability of the entire economic system. However, one should not overestimate the success of the national economic system in this type of economic activity, as hostilities in eastern Ukraine have undermined the innovative potential of Ukraine's industrial regions. It is here that more research will be needed in the future to see whether the less innovative regions initially managed to cover the losses on the production of innovative products that were lost by the country's industrial regions.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF LOCAL BUDGET DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF TERRITORIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kuznyetsova A. , Pelekhatyy A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to identify trends and outline the problems of local budget revenues in Ukraine in the context of financial decentralization. Emphasis is placed on the need to form a systematic vision of the role of budget policy in ensuring the development of territories, determining the basis for the formation and implementation of local budgets in the context of ensuring the self-sufficiency of territorial communities formed as a result of decentralization. The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of the development of local budgets in Ukraine in the conditions of formation and functioning of united territorial communities. Research and calculations were conducted for the periods 2008-2018 and 2013-2019, which helps to identify trends and changes in the formation of local budgets due to fiscal innovations in 2014, the analysis of own revenues and transfers per capita in the regions of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the budget policy of territorial development in Ukraine at the present stage to increase the role of local governments in the budget sphere, providing them with expanded functions and achieving the ability to ensure the development of the territory through efficient use of available resources and use and search for additional opportunities. The main problems that remained unresolved in the context of decentralization reforms and intensified as a result of changes were identified. There is an inflated level of redistribution of gross domestic product through the public finance sector and a low level of institutional capacity of management to effectively manage financial resources, which is characterized by the risk of declining economic development and slowing down the activity of economic entities. The high level of dependence of local budgets of territories on financial support from the state budget and the problem of inefficient distribution of powers between different levels of government are argued. Emphasis is placed on the growth of disparities in the financial capacity of territories in the context of reforms of administrative and financial decentralization. As a result of the analysis of relevant indicators, the constant change of "rules" of subventions to local budgets is justified, which negatively affects the development of territories and is accompanied by the inability of local governments to effectively strategic planning of their own development. It is established to strengthen the financial capacity of developed regions, cities of regional significance and areas around such cities, deepening the depression of rural areas far from powerful "growth points" due to decentralization changes. The role of taxes as the main sources of revenue to local budgets (personal income tax, excise tax on fuel and excise tax on the sale of excisable goods, local taxes and fees) by business entities is substantiated.
CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF LABOR MIGRATION
Authors: Vorontsova A.
Published: May 2021

This work is devoted to the conceptual and categorical analysis of the labor migration as one of the main phenomena of the global world both today and in the past. Migration movements shape the current state of territorial and quantitative location of the population, while showing the level of socio-economic development of countries, its competitiveness and quality of life. To do this, the author of the article conducted an etymological analysis of the word "migration" and analyzed on the basis of thorough scientific papers its essence in terms of interdisciplinary approach, namely in terms of geography, demography, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, economics. Given the economic direction of this research, the author focuses on the essence and differences of such concepts as economic migration, labor migration, migration of labor and labor resources, external employment. As a result, it was found that economic migration is the broadest among the analyzed concepts, as it includes all the economic motives with which the subject (migrant) can cross the borders of countries. Migration of labor and labor resources differ in their distribution, but in the economic literature and statistical surveys are usually used as synonyms for labor migration. Speaking of external employment, scientific sources note the state control of this process, in contrast to the spontaneous nature of labor migration. For a more thorough analysis, the author analyzes the main classification features that distinguish labor migration, while highlighting specific (qualification level, areas of activity, legal status) and universal features (depending on the method of organization and desire of migration actors, distance or nature of borders, temporal sign). Separately, the author noted the existence of a link between labor migration and the labor market as one of the main categories of economics, which is associated with the formation of labor supply. The conducted research makes a thorough theoretical basis for further work in this direction.
MECHANISMS OF ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE FINANCIAL FLOWS FOR GROUPS AND INDIVIDUAL OF ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: Zaitsev O. , Shovkoplyas O.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the mechanisms of analysis of aggregate financial flows of economic entities. Analysis of the formation and movement of financial flows showed that, despite the widespread use of financial indicators in the analysis, today there is no integrated assessment of the state of financial flows of a group of economic entities that form the commodity-production subsystem (СPS). The authors propose to analyze the formation of financial flows using the structuring of financial flows and reflect their state within the СPS. This approach, as well as a number of financial indicators, takes into account data that assess flows by type of activity in their ratio.
At the stage of formation of the financial system of СPS, the relationship between the change in the results of the functioning of СPS-forming business entity and the efficiency of financial flows is established through a block of indicators. First, absolute, then relative, and then get integrated indicators. The calculation of relative indicators is based on the comparison of the obtained values with the normative ones, which are determined by a vector that reflects the directions (positive or negative) of changes in financial flows, based on a specific stage of development. The assessment of the formation of financial flows of СPS-forming economic entities is able to show the main sources of funding and identify the centres of consumption of finance within the СPS.
An autocorrelation model and an adaptive Brown model were used for prediction. In the first step, the characteristic regression method determines the best regression function - the most appropriate for the available values of financial flows for certain periods of time. The second step calculates the regression parameters using the least squares method. It is concluded that the constructed model is consistent with the experimental data.
The presented developments reflect the developed and proposed algorithm for analyzing the formation of financial flows of СPS-forming economic entities, which differs from existing approaches using not only financial indicators but also a block of indicators that characterize the ratio of financial flows. This allows to increase the objectivity of the assessment of financial flows in the process of economic system development
Estimating Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Buffaloberry Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Sensors
Authors: Chen Ji-Jhong , Zhen Shuyang , Sun Youping
Published: May 2021

Commercial optical chlorophyll meters estimate relative chlorophyll content using the ratio of transmitted red light and near-infrared (NIR) light emitted from a red light-emitting diode (LED) and an NIR LED. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensors have red and NIR light detectors and may be used to estimate chlorophyll content by detecting the transmitted red and NIR light through leaves. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content of ‘Torrey’ buffaloberry (Shepherdia ×utahensis) plants treated with 0 mm [zero nitrogen (N)], 2 mm (medium N), or 4 mm (ample N) ammonium nitrate for 3 weeks were evaluated using two commercial chlorophyll meters and NDVI sensors. The absolute chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll extraction. Our results showed that plants receiving ample N and medium N had decreased transmitted red light (i.e., greater absorption in red light). Measurements of optical chlorophyll meters, NDVI sensors, and chlorophyll extraction similarly showed that plants receiving medium N and ample N had greater leaf chlorophyll content than those receiving zero N. Relative leaf chlorophyll content estimated using NDVI sensors correlated positively with those from the chlorophyll meters (P < 0.0001; r2 range, 0.56–0.82). Therefore, our results indicate that NDVI measurements are sensitive to leaf chlorophyll content. These NDVI sensors, or specialized sensors developed using similar principles, can be used to estimate the relative chlorophyll content of nursery crops and help growers adjust fertilization to improve plant growth and nutrient status.
Classifying Cider Apple Germplasm Using Genetic Markers for Fruit Acidity
Authors: Kumar Shanthanu Krishna , Wojtyna Nathan , Dougherty Laura , Xu Kenong , Peck Gregory
Published: May 2021

The organic acid concentration in apple (Malus ×domestica) juice is a major component of hard cider flavor. The goal of this study was to determine if the malic acid markers, Ma1 and Q8, could classify the titratable acidity concentration in cider apple accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture Malus germplasm collection into descriptive classifications. Our results indicate that for diploid genotypes, the Ma1 marker alone and the Ma1 and Q8 markers analyzed together could be used to predict cider apple acidity (P < 0.0001). Alone, the Ma1 marker categorized acidity into low (<2.4 g⋅L−1), medium (2.4–5.8 g⋅L−1), and high (>5.8 g⋅L−1) groups. The combination of Ma1 and Q8 markers provided more specificity, which would be useful for plant breeding applications. This work also identified a significant difference (P = 0.0132) in acidity associated with ploidy. On average, the triploids accessions had 0.33 g⋅L−1 higher titratable acidity than the diploid accessions. Based on the results of this work, we propose a genetics-based classification system for cider apples with the acidity component defined by the Ma1 and Q8 markers.
Lattice Clifford fractons and their Chern-Simons-like theory
Authors: Fontana Weslei , Gomes Pedro , Chamon Claudio
Published: May 2021

We use Dirac matrix representations of the Clifford algebra to build
fracton models on the lattice and their effective Chern-Simons-like
theory. As an example, we build lattice fractons in odd D spatial
dimensions and their (D+1) spacetime dimensional effective theory. The model possesses an
anti-symmetric K matrix resembling that of hierarchical quantum Hall
states. The gauge charges are conserved in sub-dimensional manifolds
which ensures the fractonic behavior. The construction extends to any
lattice fracton model built from commuting projectors and with tensor
products of spin-1/2 degrees of freedom at the sites.
ISCHEMIC STROKE IN A 3-YEAR-OLD CHILD REVEALING THROMBOSIS OF THE VERTEBROBASILAR TERRITORY, A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Radiology Department, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech., Mahad R. , Adegbindin W. ,   Radiology Department, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech., Zouita B. ,   Radiology Department, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech., Basraoui D. ,   Radiology Department, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech., Jalal H. ,   Radiology Department, Mother and Child Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech.
Published: May 2021

Ischemic stroke in children is a rare occurrence. The causes are very varied and different from those of adults. Hematogenouscausesare an important source of ischemic stroke in children to look for. Imaging plays a major role in the positive and topographic diagnosis. It also makes it possible to identify the cause in certain cases and to guide treatment.
THE PRINCIPLE OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN TAX DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BY THE TAX COURT
Authors:   Doctoral (PhD) Candidate in Law of the Faculty of Law 17 August 1945 University Surabaya-Indonesia., Setjoatmadja Sylvia , Warka Made ,   Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, 17 August 1945 University Surabaya-Indonesia., Suhartono Slamet ,   Associate Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, 17 August 1945 University Surabaya-Indonesia., a Hufron ,   Associate Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, 17 August 1945 University Surabaya-Indonesia.
Published: May 2021

Tax dispute resolution has a number of uniqueness. Its judiciary system takes a procedure starting from filing objections in the executive realm, appeals and filing lawsuits as well as judicial review in the judicial realm. All of these legal remedies do not delay the obligation of the tax payers to pay taxes and the task of Fiscus to collect taxes. Dispute settlement using administrative power has weaknesses as the resolver is one of the parties in the dispute (the Fiscus). Judicial branc of power come to play to settle tax disputes through the Tax Court. No cassation in the settlement of tax disputes as judicial remedies. All settlements of tax disputes are aim at otaining justice. When there is a tax dispute between Fiscus and the Taxpayers the path of mediation is advised. This normative legal research has found that mediation in the settlement of tax disputes by the Tax Court is a form of Dignified Restorative Justice in the form of Dignified Mediation as it is in line with the Pancasila values and virtues. The diversion from conventional processes through mediation is also humanistic in nature, namely the effort to humanize humans, the manifestation of the Pancasila Legal System.
SPIGELIAN HERNIA IN A VIRGIN ABDOMEN - AN ENIGMATIC CASE REPORT ON A COINCIDENTAL FINDING DURING TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY
Authors:   M.B.B.S , M.S ( Obs And Gyn)., Vijaywargiya Komal , Choudhary Apoorva ,   M.B.B.S , D.N.B ( General Surgery ) , Fiages Trained In Laparoscopy., Ruia Aayushi ,   M.B.B.S , M.S ( OBS AND GYN ) Senior Resident AT P.C. Sethi Hospital, Indore.
Published: May 2021

A spigelian hernia is a type of ventral hernia where aponeurotic fascia pushes through a hole to create a bulge . It is the protuberance of omentum , adipose tissue or bowel in that weak space between rectus muscles and ventral abdominal obliques that ultimately pushes intestines or superficial fatty tissue through a hole creting a bulge.Spigelian hernias are rare as they are located not under abdominal layers of fat but between fascia interconnecting two muscles . We hereby present a case report on this rare hernia presenting as a bulge in left inguinal fossa of a 66 yr old woman scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy and was repaired subsequently.
TO STUDY THE SPECTRUM OF NEONATAL CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISORDERS
Authors:   Registrar, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology SKIMS Kashmir, india., Akbar Mir Zahid , Quyoom Hussain Sheikh ,   Registrar, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology SKIMS Kashmir, india., Nazir Wani Jawad ,   Registrar, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology GB Pant Hospital,GMC Srinagar.
Published: May 2021

Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the commonest of all congenital lesions and is the most common type of heart disease among children. Congenital heart disease, in a definition proposed by Mitchell et al is a gross structural abnormality of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that is actually or potentially of functional significance. It is the most common cause of major congenital anomalies, representing a major global health problem. Twenty-eight percent of all major congenital anomalies consist of cardiac anamolies. In India, 10% of the present infant mortality may be accounted for by Congenital Heart Disease as reported by Saxena et al. Aim: To study the Spectrum of Neonatal Congenital Cardiac Disorders Material and methods:It was an observational prospective study carried out in the Neonatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, GB Panth Childrens hospital Srinagar from November 2017 to August 2019. Results:During the two year study, 471 neonates were diagnosed with congenital heart disease in which 335 (71.1%) were acyanotic and 136 (28.9%) were cyanotic. Males and females comprised of 253 and 218 respectively with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The most common cyanotic CHD was d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA) 39 (8.3%), followed by tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 23 (4.9%) and single ventricle (double inlet left ventricle [DILV] with pulmonary arterial hypertension/pulmonary stenosis [PAH/PS]) 17 (3.6%). In our study the most common acyanotic CHD was ventricular septal defect (VSD) 103 (32.5%) followed by atrial septal defect (ASD) 98 (20.8%) and PDA 47 (10.0%). Conclusion:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common congenital disorder of the neonatal population. Early diagnosis and timely management are key factors for optimal outcome of this problem.
SOLITARY PERIPHERAL OSTEOMA OF THE MANDIBLE: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   MDS [Professor & Head] Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Kims Dental College & Hospital Amalapuram., M.N Sumalatha , Sreedhar Gadiputi ,   MDS [Professor & Head] Department of Oral Pathology Kims Dental College & Hospital Amalapuram., Himajadevi Vaaka Phani ,   MDS [Associate Professor] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Kims Dental College & Hospital Amalapuram., Gandikota Kartheek ,   MDS [Reader] Department of Oral Pathology Kims Dental College & Hospital Amalapuram.
Published: May 2021

Osteomas are benign, slow growing oestrogenic tumours. They are often occurring in the craniofacial bones but rarely originate from the mandible. Osteomas have three varieties as central, peripheral and extra skeletal. Central and peripheral osteomas are often seen in the facial bones. Peripheral osteoma often located in the frontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinus, but rarely occurs in the jaws. Usually they are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during radiological and clinical examinations. Osteomas are characterized with well-defined, rounded or oval radiopaque mass in the computed tomography. Herein, we report a rare case of peripheral osteoma of the lower part of the mandible in a 21-year-old male with radiologic and pathologic findings.
AFFECT OF ULTRASHORT ELECTRON BEAMS ON THE ESCHERICHEA COLI SURVIVAL
Authors:   Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) (Yerevan, Armenia)., Khachatryan G.E. , Mkrtchyan N.I. ,   Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) (Yerevan, Armenia)., Tatikyan S. Sh. ,   Candle Synchrotron Research Institute (Yerevan, Armenia)., Arakelyan V.B. ,   Candle Synchrotron Research Institute (Yerevan, Armenia).,   Yerevan State University (Yerevan, Armenia)., Grigoryan B.A. ,   Candle Synchrotron Research Institute (Yerevan, Armenia)., Tsakanov V.M. ,   Candle Synchrotron Research Institute (Yerevan, Armenia).
Published: May 2021

The paper represents the study of ultrashort electron beams impact on some Escherichia coliK-12strains with different radiosensitivity. The charged particle beams generated by ultrashort bunch accelerators differ by short duration of particle direct exposure, relatively long intervals between bunches and by high values of instantaneous dose rates. Because of these characteristics, the nature of ultrashort beams impact on biological objects may sufficiently differ from conventional sources of radiation. As a source of ultrashort beams linear electron accellerator AREAL of SichrotronResearcinstitut CANDLE (Yerevan, Armenia) was used. The dependence of E.coli cells survival from electron bunches repetition rate and irradiation media was investigated. It is shown that the dose dependence of the survival degree of microorganisms has a qualitatively different unusual concave shape. Such behavior of the survival curves does not depend on the ionic composition of the irradiation medium as well as on the time of preliminary incubation of microorganisms in this medium. To explain the observed phenomenon, it was assumed that the compensatory capacity of the irradiated object increases with an increase of the irradiation dose.The proposed mathematical model described well the behavior of the survival curves. It is assumed that this change of the compensatory capacity may be determined by oxygen.
The kinetics of tempeh wastewater treatment using Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Riadi Lieke , Askitosari Theresia Desy , Widhi Ragil Puspita Dutaning , Laurensia Melvina , Agustin Yuana Elly , Arifin Yalun
Published: May 2021

The microalga Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) was used for tempeh wastewater treatment. Microalga growth and the kinetics of chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation under different light intensities (2,100 and 4,300 lux), tempeh wastewater concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5% v/v), and sodium nitrate concentrations (0, 0.75, 1, 2, 2.5 g/L) were studied. Improved cell growth in wastewater indicated that mixotrophic growth was preferred. The addition of sodium nitrate up to 2 g/L increased COD removal. The highest COD removal was 92.2%, which was obtained from cultivation with 1% v/v tempeh wastewater, 2 g/L sodium nitrate, 2,100 lux, and the specific growth rate of 0.33 ± 0.01 day−1. The COD removal followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with the kinetic constant of 0.3748 day−1 and the nitrate uptake rate of 0.122 g/L-day. The results can be used to design a pilot-scale tempeh wastewater treatment facility using A. platensis for tertiary treatment. Based on the kinetic model, a 20 m3 reactor can treat tempeh wastewater to reduce the COD from 400 to 100 ppm in 4 days and produces approximately 32.8 kg of dried microalgae.
Improving aeration systems in saline water (part II): effect of different salts and diffuser type on oxygen transfer of fine-bubble aeration systems
Authors: Behnisch J. , Schwarz M. , Trippel J. , Engelhart M. , Wagner M.
Published: May 2021

The objective of the present study is to investigate the different effects on the oxygen transfer of fine-bubble aeration systems in saline water. Compared to tap water, oxygen transfer increases due to the inhibition of bubble coalescence. In Part I of the present study, we investigated in laboratory-scale experiments the effect of design of diffuser membrane. The objective of Part II is the assessment of effects of different salts, diffuser type and diffuser density. We measured the concentration of various salts (MgCl2; CaCl2; Na2SO4; NaCl; KCl) above which coalescence is fully inhibited and oxygen transfer reaches its maximum (referred to as the critical coalescence concentration; CCC). For this purpose, we developed a new analytical approach, which enables investigation of the coalescence behaviour of any aeration system and (mixed) salt solution quickly and easily by evaluating the results of oxygen transfer tests. To investigate the transferability to large scale and the effect of diffuser type and density, we repeated lab-scale experiments in a 17,100 L pilot-scale test tank and carried out additional tests with tube and plate diffusers at different diffuser densities. The results show that despite the higher pressure drop, diffusers with dense slit density and smaller slits are to be recommended in order to improve efficiency of aeration systems in saline water.
UM RIO E SUA GENTE ANALISE DE VARIÁVEIS PARA DIAGNOSTICO DA IDENTIDADE FLUVIAL DE RIBEIRINHOS URBANOS DO RIO PIRARARA – CACOAL / RO
Authors: Barbosa Debora da Cruz , Caramello Nubia , Silva Giulle do Nascimento e
Published: May 2021

O artigo objetivou mapear indicadores para analisar a relação identitária da comunidade ribeirinha urbana com o Rio Pirarara - Rondonia/ Brasil. Metodologicamente é um estudo empírico com aspecto misto de coleta e analise de dados PIR ( Pressão, Impacto e Resposta), relacionado a percepção da população e sua afinidade com o meio em que vivem. Resultando na identificação das variáveis de I) Pressão: a migração, o tempo de ocupação da área, renda familiar e uso e ocupação do solo; II) de Impactos: enchentes e o uso das margens como depositos de resíduos sólidos; III) Respostas: a implantação do saneamento básico e a mobilização ribeirinha urbana em busca da revitalização do rio. Proporcionando identificar que a relação de ribeirinho urbanos na Amazônia, são indicadores relevantes na proposta de governança hidrica em bacia hidrográficas.
Privacy-Preserving Two-Party Computation of Parameters of a Fuzzy Linear Regression
Authors:   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Volkova Elena , Gisin Vladimir ,   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Purpose: describe two-party computation of fuzzy linear regression with horizontal partitioning of data, while maintaining data confidentiality. Methods: the computation is designed using a transformational approach. The optimization problems of each of the two participants are transformed and combined into a common problem. The solution to this problem can be found by one of the participants. Results: A protocol is proposed that allows two users to obtain a fuzzy linear regression model based on the combined data. Each of the users has a set of data about the results of observations, containing the values of the explanatory variables and the values of the response variable. The data structure is shared: both users use the same set of explanatory variables and a common criterion. Regression coefficients are searched for as symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers by solving the corresponding linear programming problem. It is assumed that both users are semihonest (honest but curious, or passive and curious), i.e. they execute the protocol, but can try to extract information about the source data of the partner by applying arbitrary processing methods to the received data that are not provided for by the protocol. The protocol describes the transformed linear programming problem. The solution of this problem can be found by one of the users. The number of observations of each user is known to both users. The observation data remains confidential. The correctness of the protocol is proved and its security is justified. Keywords: fuzzy numbers, collaborative solution of a linear programming problem, two-way computation, transformational approach, cloud computing, federated machine learning.