bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meteorological Influences on Anthropogenic PM2.5 in Future Climates: Species Level Analysis in the Community Earth System Model v2
Authors: Banks Alison , Kooperman Gabriel J. , Xu Yangyang
Published: December 2021

Biomass and fossil fuel burning impact air quality by injecting fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its precursors into the atmosphere, which poses serious threats to human health. However, the surface concentration of PM2.5 depends not only on the magnitude of emissions, but also secondary production, transport, and removal. For example, in response to greenhouse gas driven warming, meteorological conditions that govern aerosol removal, primarily through rainfall and wet deposition, could shift in pattern, frequency, and intensity. This climate change driven process can impact air quality even without changes in aerosol emissions. In this experiment, we conduct new simulations by fixing aerosol emissions at present‐day levels in the Community Earth System Model Version 2, but increasing greenhouse gases through the 21st century. In our results, the changes in patterns and intensity of PM2.5 are found to be associated with precipitation (via aerosol removal), temperature (via secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation), and moisture and clouds (via sulfate production). A decrease in wet day frequency (∼1.2% global mean) contributes to increases in the surface concentrations of black carbon, primary organic matter, and sulfate in many regions. This is offset in some regions by an upward vertical shift in the level where SOA forms, which contributes to higher column burden but lower surface concentration. These results highlight a need, using a variety of modeling tools, to continually reassess aerosol emissions regulations in response to anticipated climate changes.
Lonely in a crowd: investigating the association between overcrowding and loneliness using smartphone technologies
Authors: Hammoud Ryan , Tognin Stefania , Bakolis Ioannis , Ivanova Daniela , Fitzpatrick Naomi , Burgess Lucie , Smythe Michael , Gibbons Johanna , Davidson Neil , Mechelli Andrea
Published: December 2021

Loneliness is a major public health concern with links to social and environmental factors. Previous studies have typically investigated loneliness as a stable emotional state using retrospective cross-sectional designs. Yet people experience different levels of loneliness throughout the day depending on their surrounding environment. In the present study, we investigated the associations between loneliness and social and environmental factors (i.e. overcrowding, population density, social inclusivity and contact with nature) in real-time. Ecological momentary assessment data was collected from participants using the Urban Mind smartphone application. Data from 756 participants who completed 16,602 assessments between April 2018 and March 2020 were used in order to investigate associations between momentary feeling of loneliness, the social environment (i.e. overcrowding, social inclusivity, population density) and the built environment (i.e. contact with nature) using multilevel modelling. Increased overcrowding and population density were associated with higher levels of loneliness; in contrast, social inclusivity and contact with nature were associated with lower levels of loneliness. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupation. The positive association between social inclusivity and lower levels of loneliness was more pronounced when participants were in contact with nature, indicating an interaction between the social and built environment on loneliness. The feeling of loneliness changes in relation to both social and environmental factors. Our findings have potential implications for public health strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of loneliness on society. Specific measures, which would increase social inclusion and contact with nature while reducing overcrowding, should be implemented, especially in densely populated cities.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of doxorubicin adsorption on functionalized carbon nanotubes with folic acid and tryptophan
Authors: Arabian Tahereh , Amjad-Iranagh Sepideh , Halladj Rouein
Published: December 2021

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study the adsorption of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on the wall or surface of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) in an aqueous solution. Initially, the CNTs were functionalized by tryptophan (Trp) and folic acid (FA), and then the DOX molecules were added to the system. The simulation results showed that the drug molecules can intensely interact with the FCNTs at physiological pH. Furthermore, it was found that as a result of functionalization, the solubility of FCNTs in an aqueous solution increases significantly. The effect of pH variation on drug release from both pristine and FCNTs was also investigated. The obtained results indicated that in acidic environments due to protonation of functional groups (Trp) and as a result of repulsive interaction between the DOX molecule and functional groups, the release of DOX molecules from FCNT’s surface is facilitated. The drug release is also strongly dependent on the pH and protonated state of DOX and FCNT.
Bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in young adults with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Choi Jimi , Cho Moon Kyun , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Sin Gon , Kim Kyeong Jin
Published: December 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing worldwide over the past few decades. AD has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures in adult AD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) to evaluate osteoporosis risk in young adults with AD by sex. This was a case–control cohort study using a national dataset from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009. We included young adult AD patients (men aged 19 ≤ and < 50 years, premenopausal women aged 19 ≤ and < 50 years) and 1:5 propensity score weighting controls by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D level, and alcohol/smoking status. BMD was measured by double energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, femur neck, and total femur. The prevalence of low BMD, defined by a Z-score ≤  − 2.0, was compared between AD and without AD. We analyzed 311 (weighted n = 817,014) AD patients and 8,972 (weighted n = 20,880,643) controls. BMD at the lumbar spine was significantly lower in the male AD group than in the male control group (mean ± SE, 0.954 ± 0.016 vs. 0.989 ± 0.002, P = 0.03). The prevalence of low BMD (Z-score) did not significantly differ between AD and non-AD subjects in both men (3.8% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.56) and women (6.4% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.40). Among AD patients, early age at diagnosis of AD, longer duration of AD, lower BMI, rural residence (for men), less education, low vitamin D level, late menarche, and more pregnancies (for women) were associated with low BMD. In conclusion, low BMD did not occur more frequently in young adults with AD than in non-AD controls. However, early-onset/longer AD duration and lower BMI were associated with low BMD among young adult patients with AD.
Air quality assessment and pollution forecasting using artificial neural networks in Metropolitan Lima-Peru
Authors: Cordova Chardin Hoyos , Portocarrero Manuel Niño Lopez , Salas Rodrigo , Torres Romina , Rodrigues Paulo Canas , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk
Published: December 2021

The prediction of air pollution is of great importance in highly populated areas because it directly impacts both the management of the city’s economic activity and the health of its inhabitants. This work evaluates and predicts the Spatio-temporal behavior of air quality in Metropolitan Lima, Peru, using artificial neural networks. The conventional feedforward backpropagation known as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the Recurrent Artificial Neural network known as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) were implemented for the hourly prediction of $$\hbox {PM}_{10}$$

PM
10

based on the past values of this pollutant and three meteorological variables obtained from five monitoring stations. The models were validated using two schemes: The Hold-Out and the Blocked-Nested Cross-Validation (BNCV). The simulation results show that periods of moderate $$\hbox {PM}_{10}$$

PM
10

concentration are predicted with high precision. Whereas, for periods of high contamination, the performance of both models, the MLP and LSTM, were diminished. On the other hand, the prediction performance improved slightly when the models were trained and validated with the BNCV scheme. The simulation results showed that the models obtained a good performance for the CDM, CRB, and SMP monitoring stations, characterized by a moderate to low level of contamination. However, the results show the difficulty of predicting this contaminant in those stations that present critical contamination episodes, such as ATE and HCH. In conclusion, the LSTM recurrent artificial neural networks with BNCV adapt more precisely to critical pollution episodes and have better predictability performance for this type of environmental data.
Groundwater sources for the Mataranka Springs (Northern Territory, Australia)
Authors: Lamontagne Sébastien , Suckow Axel , Gerber Christoph , Deslandes Alec , Wilske Cornelia , Tickell Steven
Published: December 2021

The Mataranka Springs Complex is the headwater of the iconic Roper River of northern Australia. Using environmental tracers measured in springs and nearby boreholes, the origin of groundwater contributing to the springs was evaluated to help assess the impact of proposed groundwater extraction in the Cambrian Limestone Aquifer (CLA) for irrigation agriculture and for hydraulic fracturing in the Beetaloo Sub-basin (an anticipated world-class unconventional gas reserve). Major ions, Sr, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, 3H, 14C-DIC were consistent with regional groundwater from the Daly and Georgina basins of the CLA as the sources of water sustaining the major springs (Rainbow and Bitter) and one of the minor springs (Warloch Pond). However, 3H = 0.34 TU in another minor spring (Fig Tree) indicated an additional contribution from a young (probably local) source. High concentrations of radiogenic 4He (> 10–7 cm3 STP g–1) at Rainbow Spring, Bitter Spring and in nearby groundwater also indicated an input of deeper, older groundwater. The presence of older groundwater within the CLA demonstrates the need for an appropriate baseline characterisation of the vertical exchange of groundwater in Beetaloo Sub-basin ahead of unconventional gas resource development.
The relationship among social support, experienced stigma, psychological distress, and quality of life among tuberculosis patients in China
Authors: Chen Xu , Xu Jia , Chen Yunting , Wu Ruiheng , Ji Haoqiang , Pan Yuanping , Duan Yuxin , Sun Meng , Du Liang , Gao Mingcheng , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Ling
Published: December 2021

The complex relationships among social support, experienced stigma, psychological distress, and quality of life (QOL) among tuberculosis (TB) patients are insufficiently understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationships among social support, experienced stigma, psychological distress, and QOL and to examine whether experienced stigma and psychological distress play a mediating role. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2020 and March 2021 in Dalian, Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Data were obtained from 473 TB patients using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothetical model. The research model provided a good fit to the measured data. All research hypotheses were supported: (1) social support, experienced stigma and psychological distress were associated with QOL; (2) experienced stigma fully mediated the effect of social support on psychological distress; (3) psychological distress fully mediated the effect of experienced stigma on QOL; and (4) experienced stigma and psychological distress were sequential mediators between social support and QOL. This study elucidated the pathways linking social support, experienced stigma, and psychological distress to QOL and provides an empirical basis for improving the QOL of TB patients.
A paper microfluidic device based colorimetric sensor for the detection and discrimination of elapid versus viper envenomation
Authors: Ramana Lakshmi Narashimhan , Mathapati Santosh S. , Salvi Nitin , Khadilkar M. V. , Malhotra Anita , Santra Vishal , Sharma Tarun Kumar
Published: December 2021

In the current study a paper microfluidics and stimuli responsive nanoparticles-based point-of-care assay with visual readout is developed for the detection of viper snake bite.
Enhanced emission by stacking of crown ether side chains in a 2D covalent organic framework
Authors: Yuan Liu , Zhu Jun , Wu Shaofei , Chi Chunyan
Published: December 2021

2D hydrazone-linking covalent organic frameworks with differently sized crown ether side chains were synthesized, and 20-fold improved emission was achieved by tuning the size of the crown ethers.
The rise of an exciton in solid ammonia
Authors: Cassidy Andrew , James Rachel L. , Dawes Anita , Field David
Published: December 2021

An exciton gives rise to an absorption peak in vacuum ultra-violet spectroscopy of solid ammonia, with time-resolved evolution of the peak revealing the rate of nucleation and phase change.
Highly stable lithium anodes from recycled hemp textile
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Zhang Peng , Chen Shasha , Usman Ken Aldren S. , Hegh Dylan , Kerr Robert , Zhang Hongjie , Qin Si , Zhang Chuyang , Liu Dan , Wang Xungai , Lei Weiwei , Razal Joselito M.
Published: December 2021

A cost-effective and scalable approach to produce highly stable Li composite anode from hemp textile waste with long cycling life.
Synergistic phase and crystallinity engineering in cubic RuSe2 catalysts towards efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhan Wei , Li Nan , Zuo Shixiang , Guo Zhimin , Qiang Chenghong , Li Zhengping , Ma Jiangquan
Published: December 2021

Herein, cubic RuSe2 electrocatalysts with different 1T phase ratios (ranging from 20.53% to 64.97%) and crystallinities (ranging from 1.72% to 89.10%) were developed by a fast and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis method.
An integrated protocol to study hydrogen abstraction reactions by atomic hydrogen in flexible molecules: application to butanol isomers
Authors: Ferro-Costas David , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S. , Fernández-Ramos Antonio
Published: December 2021

This work presents a protocol designed to study hydrogen abstraction reactions by atomic hydrogen in molecules with multiple conformations.
Exploiting the optical sensing of fluorophore-tagged DNA nucleobases on hexagonal BN and Al-doped BN sheets: a computational study
Authors: Bhai Surjit , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: December 2021

The computational result reveals the distinction between absorption and emission phenomena of nucleobases tagged with fluorophore on h-BN and aluminium doped h-BN nanosheets, which can be used as biosensing platforms for nucleic acids.
Ultrafast and efficient energy transfer in a one- and two-photon sensitized rhodamine-BODIPY dyad: a perspective for broadly absorbing photocages
Authors: Asido Marvin , Hamerla Carsten , Weber Rebekka , Horz Maximiliane , Niraghatam Madhava Shyam , Heckel Alexander , Burghardt Irene , Wachtveitl Josef
Published: December 2021

A novel tandem design of sensitized BODIPY photolabile protecting groups is presented and characterized by combined spectroscopic and computational studies, paving the way for a new generation of functionalized photoactive compounds.
Beyond Born–Oppenheimer based diabatic surfaces of 1,3,5-C6H3F3+ to generate the photoelectron spectra using time-dependent discrete variable representation approach
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Ravi Satyam , Dutta Joy , Sardar Subhankar , Adhikari Satrajit
Published: December 2021

The first-principle based BBO formalism is implemented to generate accurate diabatic PESs of 1,3,5-C6H3F3+ for “correct” assignment of PE spectra.
Characterization of the deformation behaviors under uniaxial stress for bicontinuous nanoporous amorphous alloys
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Li Jiejie , Hu Yiqun , Ding Suhang , Du Fuying , Xia Re
Published: December 2021

The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of bicontinuous Cu50Zr50 amorphous alloys are investigated via molecular dynamics simulation.
Development and application of redox-active cyclometallating ligands based on W(ii) alkyne complexes
Authors: Hüttenschmidt Mareike , Lange Helge , Cordero Miguel Andre Argüello , Villinger Alexander , Lochbrunner Stefan , Seidel Wolfram W.
Published: December 2021

The preparative assembly and electrochemical and photophysical behavior of di- and tetranuclear complexes held together by minimalist ditopic ligands based on 1-phosphine- or 1-pyridine-substituted prop-1-ynes are presented.
Ru(iii) complexes with pyrazolopyrimidines as anticancer agents: bioactivities and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Gu Yun-Qiong , Shen Wen-Ying , Yang Qi-Yuan , Chen Zhen-Feng , Liang Hong
Published: December 2021

Ruthenium(III) complex with pyrazolopyrimidine inhibited tumor cells proliferation, caused DNA damage by interacting with DNA and inhibition of the Topo I enzyme, induced cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction.
Ion-bearing stairs: alkali metal complexes of 1,2-diaza-4-phospholides
Authors: Zhao Minggang , Xue Tingting , He Ru-ru , Ma Jianping , Zheng Wenjun
Published: December 2021

1,2-Diaza-4-phospholide alkali metal complexes showed stair-shaped chain structures, where P(iii) could be oxidized by S8 and Se. The 1H DOSY NMR spectroscopy analysis suggested that they dissociated into monomers in the solution.
Four mononuclear dysprosium complexes with neutral Schiff-base ligands: syntheses, crystal structures and slow magnetic relaxation behavior
Authors: Yang Hui , Liu Shan-Shan , Meng Yin-Shan , Zhang Yi-Quan , Pu Lin , Wang Xincheng , Lin Shijing
Published: December 2021

Subtle modifications of neutral Schiff-base ligands lead to diverse magnetic behavior in four mononuclear Dy-based complexes.
Bimetallic complexes that merge metallocene and pincer-metal building blocks: synthesis, stereochemistry and catalytic reactivity
Authors: Valdés Hugo , Germán-Acacio Juan M. , van Koten Gerard , Morales-Morales David
Published: December 2021

This perspective paper presents the synthesis and applications of bimetallic complexes merging (four possible ways) a metallocene and a (cyclopentadienyl/aryl)pincer metal complex, with representative examples of the four ways discussed in detail.
Host–guest complexesvs.supramolecular polymers in chalcogen bonding receptors: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Navarro-García Encarnación , Galmés Bartomeu , Esquivel José Luis , Velasco María D. , Bastida Adolfo , Zapata Fabiola , Caballero Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: December 2021

Cl−and Br−anions induce the formation of a supramolecular polymer by chalcogen bonding interactions in a selenophene-based tripodal receptor.
Manipulation of amorphous precursors to enhance zeolite nucleation
Authors: Parmar Deependra , Niu Zhiyin , Liang Yu , Dai Heng , Rimer Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2021

This study examines ways to manipulate the composition and colloidal stability of amorphous (alumino)silicate precursors that are prevalent in nanoporous zeolite syntheses.
Recovery of vanadium and cesium from spent sulfuric acid catalysts by a hydrometallurgical process
Authors: Lee Dongseok , Joo Sung-Ho , Shin Dong Ju , Shin Shun Myung
Published: December 2021

An environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical process was developed to recover vanadium and cesium selectively from spent sulfuric acid catalysts, and it has high recovery efficiency and economic advantages.
Computational studies on nitrogen (N)-substituted 2,6-diphenylanthracene: a novel precursor of organic field effect transistor materials
Authors: Ran Xueqin , Akbar Ali Mohamad , Peng Xin-Zhe , Yu Guo-Jing , Ge Jiao-Yang , Yang Lei , Chen Yonghua , Xie Ling-Hai
Published: December 2021

The investigation shows that nitrogen (N)-substituted π-conjugated semiconductor materials have improved optical and electronic performance and work efficiently in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid aggregation-induced emission probes for visual fluorescence detection of explosive as well multi-functional applications
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Cheng Siyao , Zhuang Qiu , Xie Aming , Dong Wei
Published: December 2021

Two novel compounds with good AIE properties were synthesized. As fluorescent probes, these compounds could effectively and quickly detect the explosive FOX-7.
Synthesis, structure, and coordination chemistry of a neutral pyrrolyl-functionalized amidinate ligand
Authors: Guo Liping , Guo Changjia , Peng Shuqi , Song Renyuan
Published: December 2021

A new o-phenylene-bridged ligand incorporating neutral pyrrolyl and amidino moieties was designed and synthesized. The reactivity of the ligand was investigated and showed versatile coordination modes towards alkali- and rare-earth metals.
Three-component synthesis of α-indole-β-sulfonyl tetrahydrofurans under metal-free conditions
Authors: Xu Haopeng , Pi Chao , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling
Published: December 2021

An efficient multi-component reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans in a “one pot” manner, starting from readily available 2-arylindoles, arylsulfonyl azides, and tetrahydrofuran under simple and easily operated reaction conditions.
Azomethine ylide cycloaddition of 1,3-dienyl esters: highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidinochromenes
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Mushaf Mohammad , Agarwal Vishal , Reddy Tadiparthi Thirupathi , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: December 2021

Highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidinochromenes via azomethine ylide cycloaddition reaction has been developed with excellent yields and wide substrate scope.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Huber S. , Suyu S. H. , Ghoshdastidar D. , Taubenberger S. , Bonvin V. , Chan J. H. H. , Kromer M. , Noebauer U. M. , Sim S. A. , Leal-Taixé L.
Published: December 2021

The Hubble constant (H0) is one of the fundamental parameters in cosmology, but there is a heated debate around the > 4σ tension between the local Cepheid distance ladder and the early Universe measurements. Strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (LSNe Ia) are an independent and direct way to measure H0, where a time-delay measurement between the multiple supernova (SN) images is required. In this work, we present two machine learning approaches for measuring time delays in LSNe Ia, namely, a fully connected neural network (FCNN) and a random forest (RF). For the training of the FCNN and the RF, we simulate mock LSNe Ia from theoretical SN Ia models that include observational noise and microlensing. We test the generalizability of the machine learning models by using a final test set based on empirical LSN Ia light curves not used in the training process, and we find that only the RF provides a low enough bias to achieve precision cosmology; as such, RF is therefore preferred over our FCNN approach for applications to real systems. For the RF with single-band photometry in the i band, we obtain an accuracy better than 1% in all investigated cases for time delays longer than 15 days, assuming follow-up observations with a 5σ point-source depth of 24.7, a two day cadence with a few random gaps, and a detection of the LSNe Ia 8 to 10 days before peak in the observer frame. In terms of precision, we can achieve an approximately 1.5-day uncertainty for a typical source redshift of ∼0.8 on the i band under the same assumptions. To improve the measurement, we find that using three bands, where we train a RF for each band separately and combine them afterward, helps to reduce the uncertainty to ∼1.0 day. The dominant source of uncertainty is the observational noise, and therefore the depth is an especially important factor when follow-up observations are triggered. We have publicly released the microlensed spectra and light curves used in this work.
Empirical relations between the intensities of Lyman lines of H and He+
Authors: Gordino M. , Auchère F. , Vial J.-C. , Bocchialini K. , Hassler D. M. , Bando T. , Ishikawa R. , Kano R. , Kobayashi K. , Narukage N. , Trujillo Bueno J. , Winebarger A.
Published: December 2021

Context.Empirical relations between major UV and extreme UV spectral lines are one of the inputs for models of chromospheric and coronal spectral radiances and irradiances. They are also needed for the interpretation of some of the observations of the Solar Orbiter mission.

Aims.We aim to determine an empirical relation between the intensities of the H I121.6 nm and He II30.4 nm Ly-αlines.

Methods.Images at 121.6 nm from the Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro Polarimeter (CLASP) and Multiple XUV Imager (MXUVI) sounding rockets were co-registered with simultaneous images at 30.4 nm from the EIT and AIA orbital telescopes in order to derive a spatially resolved relationship between the intensities.

Results.We have obtained a relationship between the H I121.6 nm and He II30.4 nm intensities that is valid for a wide range of solar features, intensities, and activity levels. Additional SUMER data have allowed the derivation of another relation between the H I102.5 nm (Ly-β) and He II30.4 nm lines for quiet-Sun regions. We combined these two relationships to obtain a Ly-α/Ly-βintensity ratio that is comparable to the few previously published results.

Conclusions.The relationship between the H I121.6 nm and He II30.4 nm lines is consistent with the one previously obtained using irradiance data. We have also observed that this relation is stable in time but that its accuracy depends on the spatial resolution of the observations. The derived Ly-α/Ly-βintensity ratio is also compatible with previous results.
Nonideal self-gravity and cosmology: Importance of correlations in the dynamics of the large-scale structures of the Universe
Authors: Tremblin P. , Chabrier G. , Padioleau T. , Daley-Yates S.
Published: December 2021

Aims. Inspired by the statistical mechanics of an ensemble of interacting particles (BBGKY hierarchy), we propose to account for small-scale inhomogeneities in self-gravitating astrophysical fluids by deriving a nonideal virial theorem and nonideal Navier-Stokes equations. These equations involve the pair radial distribution function (similar to the two-point correlation function used to characterize the large-scale structures of the Universe), similarly to the interaction energy and equation of state in liquids. Within this framework, small-scale correlations lead to a nonideal amplification of the gravitational interaction energy, whose omission leads to a missing mass problem, for instance, in galaxies and galaxy clusters.

Methods. We propose to use a decomposition of the gravitational potential into a near- and far-field component in order to account for the gravitational force and correlations in the thermodynamics properties of the fluid. Based on the nonideal virial theorem, we also propose an extension of the Friedmann equations in the nonideal regime and use numerical simulations to constrain the contribution of these correlations to the expansion and acceleration of the Universe.

Results. We estimate that the nonideal amplification factor of the gravitational interaction energy of the baryons lies between 5 and 20, potentially explaining the observed value of the Hubble parameter (since the uncorrelated energy accounts for ∼5%). Within this framework, the acceleration of the expansion emerges naturally because the number of substructures induced by gravitational collapse increases, which in turn increases their contribution to the total gravitational energy. A simple estimate predicts a nonideal deceleration parameter qni ≃ −1; this is potentially the first determination of the observed value based on an intuitively physical argument. We also suggest that small-scale gravitational interactions in bound structures (spiral arms or local clustering) could yield a transition to a viscous regime that can lead to flat rotation curves. This transition could also explain the dichotomy between (Keplerian) low surface brightness elliptical galaxy and (nonkeplerian) spiral galaxy rotation profiles. Overall, our results demonstrate that nonideal effects induced by inhomogeneities must be taken into account, potentially with our formalism, in order to properly determine the gravitational dynamics of galaxies and the large-scale Universe.
Explodability fluctuations of massive stellar cores enable asymmetric compact object mergers such as GW190814
Authors: Antoniadis John , Aguilera-Dena David R. , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro , Kramer Michael , Langer Norbert , Müller Bernhard , Tauris Thomas M. , Wang Chen , Xu Xiao-Tian
Published: December 2021

The first three observing runs with Advanced LIGO and Virgo have resulted in the detection of binary black hole (BBH) mergers with highly unequal mass components, which are difficult to reconcile with standard formation paradigms. The most representative of these is GW190814, a highly asymmetric merger between a 23 M⊙black hole (BH) and a 2.6 M⊙compact object. Here, we explore recent results, suggesting that a sizable fraction of stars with pre-collapse carbon-oxygen core masses above 10 M⊙, and extending up to at least 30 M⊙, may produce objects inside the so-called lower mass gap that bridges the division between massive pulsars and BHs in Galactic X-ray binaries. We demonstrate that such an explosion landscape would naturally cause a fraction of massive binaries to produce GW190814-like systems instead of symmetric-mass BBHs. We present examples of specific evolutionary channels leading to the formation of GW190814 and GW200210, a 24 + 2.8 M⊙merger discovered during the O3b observing run. We estimate the merger-rate density of these events in our scenario to be 𝒪(5%) of the total BBH merger rate. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of this formation channel for compact object populations, and its possible relevance to less asymmetric merger events such as GW200105 and GW200115.
The dynamics of EEG correlates of activity of subcortical structures of the bird brain in conditions of chronic stress
Authors: Pogrebnyak Tatyana , Khorolskaya Elena , Gorbacheva Anzhelika , Sagalaeva Irina
Published: December 2021

In birds, acute stress (a three-day 12-hour inversion of the photomode) is associated with the dominant activity of the sympathetic hypothalamus and hippocampus, which suppress the tone of the parasympathetic section and the reticular formation of the midbrain. The effect of hyperglycemia on the background of a negative chronotropic effect indicates a mismatch of the functions of the autonomic sections of the hypothalamus on the 30th day. Chronic stress in birds (30-days crowding) causes persistent pathological stress of the functions of the anterior hypothalamus and reticular formation of the middle brain with the suppression of parasympathetic tone of the posterior hypothalamus and high functional activity of the hippocampus, determining the switching of the ventricles of the heart to a more economical mode of functioning by the 30th day. Using central cholinoblockers or tranquilizers, having a cholinoblocking component in the mechanism of its influence during neurogenic stress and in the post-stress period is excluded, but it is possible to use stressprotektors.
Professional socialization of children in virtual museum space
Authors: Grechitaeva Marina , Oleynikova Irina , Kolokoltseva Marionella
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the possibilities of competitive and exhibition activities in the virtual museum space for the development of professionally oriented interests and inclinations in children aged 7-14 years. A set of the most effective methods, techniques and forms of organizing competition and exhibition activities has been determined, a specially developed diagnostic toolkit has made it possible to analyze the experimental data obtained as a result of the use of empirical research methods: observation and survey. It was revealed that schoolchildren aged 7-14 are at different stages of professional maturity, from the stage of awakening (younger students) to the stage of professional socialization (younger adolescents). Experimental data have confirmed that competition and exhibition activities contribute to the development of creative thinking, self-actualization of the personality of schoolchildren. The huge educational potential of the competition and exhibition activity has been confirmed. The developed program of competitive and exhibition activities of a chemical orientation, contributing to the formation of professionally oriented interests and inclinations in children aged 7-14 years, will be useful to teachers, museum specialists.
Biomorphological features of varieties Canna x generalis Bailey when introduced under arid conditions
Authors: Samatova Shohista , Yoziev Lutfullo , Buranovа Muhayyo
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of cannas in arid conditions. It was found that the varieties differ in the height of shoots and their number, the number of leaves and flowers on the shoots, the number of renewal buds formed by the end of the growing season. On one shoot of the Crozi cannas varieties, 2-4 renewal buds are laid, of which 1-2 shoots develop. All varieties are characterized by: the effect of the size of the 1st assimilating leaf on the total number of leaves is observed only on the first order shoots; an increase in the height of shoots with an increase in their order; a decrease in the number of leaves with an increase in the order of shoots; in the conditions of the Karshi oasis at an elevated air temperature (average ten-day values from +26.7 to + 33.4°С) in June-August - there is an increased growth and development of the aboveground part, with a decrease in temperature (to 19.5°С) from the end of September - underground.
Assessment of the ecological state of pastures and methods of their improvement, adapted to the conditions of global climate change
Authors: Mukimov Tolibjon , Nasirov Muhtor , Mardonov Bakhtiyor , Rajabov Tashpulot , Muminov Mahmud
Published: December 2021

The article provides information on the state of natural pastures and methods for improving degraded pastures by overseeding perennial drought-resistant forage crops using resource-saving technologies adapted to the conditions of global climate change.
Formation of ideas about rational nutrition as an element of student’s environmental education
Authors: Aksonova Olena , Torianik Dmitry , Evlash Victoria , Slivar Dmitry , Gubsky Sergey
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work was to form ideas about rational nutrition as an element of ecological education of students by studying and discussing their eating behavior in relation to foods rich in vitamin D using quantitative descriptor-profile analysis. Quantitative descriptor-profile analysis showed that the “poorest” profiles have foods with the highest vitamin D. Thus, foods with a high vitamin D content do not fall into the circle of students’ dietary preferences. The results of the survey showed that the most frequently consumed foods for young people are fried potatoes, pizza, dumplings and cheese. Products such as cheese, butter, artificial red caviar, mushrooms (chanterelles) can be successfully used as a base for fortification with vitamin D, since they are positively perceived by students and affordable. It was shown that cheese is the only product that, when surveyed by 59 young people, was included both in the list of 5 most favorite and frequently consumed foods, and was selected from the list of 22 foods offered to the respondents containing significant amounts of vitamin D. The research carried out is the basis for forming students’ understanding of the importance of a balanced diet in the context of environmental education.
Technology of a dietary supplement “SoleVit Mg” based on Salicornia Europaea L. for use in food technologies
Authors: Evlash Victoria , Murlykina Natalia , Aksonova Olena , Hazzavi-Rogozina Liudmyla
Published: December 2021

On the basis of the above-ground part of the plant samples of Salicornia Europaea, technologies of the dietary supplement “SoleVit Mg” and frozen semi-finished products for use in food technologies have been developed. It has been experimentally confirmed that they contain all groups of basic nutrients – proteins, fats and carbohydrates, are a source of valuable vitamins (choline, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, β-carotene, etc.) and mineral elements, have an increased content of sodium chloride, have antioxidant activity. Sodium – 3460 mg, potassium – 1155 mg, magnesium – 770 mg, calcium – 580 mg, phosphorus – 650 mg, silicon – 80 mg, zinc – 11.5 mg, iron – 9.6 mg, manganese – 2.9 mg. Microbiological studies have confirmed the compliance of the safety indicators of the developed additive with current requirements and sanitary standards Using frozen semi-finished products from Salicornia, the technology of salted curd masses with high organoleptic characteristics has been developed. Promising areas of application of Salicornia in food technologies have been formulated. It is proposed to use a dietary supplement to create food products and optimize the diet of the population in order to enrich with substances of plant origin, mineral elements, biologically active substances, to prevent and maintain the functional activity of the human body.
Correlations of polyphenolic substances in Ribes aureum Pursh (Grossulariaceae) fruits
Authors: Sorokopudov Vladimir , Kuklina Alla , Nigmatzyanov Radmil , Sorokopudova Olga , Nazaryuk Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

The morphometric parameters of fruits (yield, weight) were revealed and the quantitative determination of anthocyanins and carotenoids in the fruits of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh) was carried out using the methods of spectrophotometry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The cultivar specificity in the content of anthocyanins and carotene in R. aureum fruits was established. There is a direct correlation between the anthocyanin and carotene content, which allows assessing the biological activity more accurately. No correlation was found between the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of R. aureum fruits.
In memory of doctor Miklós Ujvárosi, founding teacher of the scientific school of Hungarian weed biology and weed control specialists on the 40th anniversary of his death
Authors: Molnar Janos
Published: December 2021

In memory of Dr. Miklós Ujvárosi (1913-1981), founding teacher of the scientific school of Hungarian weed biology and weed control specialists on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of his death: This is the unique scientific school preparing herbologists to have necessary weed biology and weed control knowledge. His students continue and develop the scientific activity of the professor. The need for meetings has grown into a series of regular meetings for herbologists wherever they work.
Study on the Corrosion Resistance of 39SiCrVTiA High strength and high toughness spring steel
Authors: Nie Lun , Zhu Min , Tu Shirun , Yuan Kefeng , Lu Kexin
Published: December 2021

39SiCrVTiA spring steel is heat-treated and compared with the existing high-strength spring steels 60Si2CrVA and SAE9254 for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve and slow strain rate testing (SSRT). The test results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization curve show that the corrosion resistance of 60Si2CrVA was the best, followed by that of SAE9254 and 39SiCrVTIA.However, the test results of the SSRT test show that the three spring steels in 5% NaCl solution possess high SCC susceptibility. The SCC susceptibility of 39SiCrVTiA steel is slightly lower and the stress corrosion ability is better than the other two steels which may be related to its containing Ti, V elements and lower carbon content.
Les vésicules extracellulaires
Authors: Boireau Wilfrid , Elie-Caille Céline
Published: December 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originate from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and play a crucial role in intercellular communications. They are found in the environment of cells and tissues, and contribute to the complexity of different biological media, in particular biofluids. Due to their high diversity of cell origin, size range, concentration and composition, EVs offer some of the most important challenges in (pre-)analytical fields. To tackle these challenges, many works deal with the development and implementation of a wide variety of approaches, technologies and methodologies to enrich, isolate, quantify and characterize EVs and their subsets. Nevertheless, other components such as lipoproteins or viruses in complex samples, can interfere with EVs qualification, and make difficult, even today, to standardize biochemical and physical approaches for this purpose. The present chapter presents EVs and the mostly used technics for their isolation and characterization. Performances of methods in terms of resolution, discrimination, throughput and also ability to be or not applied in clinics, are also discussed.
Pricing decision of a dual-channel supply chain with different payment, corporate social responsibility and service level
Authors: Xin Baogui , Zhang Le , Xie Lei
Published: December 2021

Strategies such as price, CSR, and service have an important impact on enterprises and supply chains. This paper proposes a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. Considering the product pricing, CSR level, and service level in the supply chain, this paper employs the Stackelberg game to depict supply chain participants’ optimal decisions and analyze the influence of explanatory variables on the optimal decision with retailer’s payment methods. The results state that market share, service level, CSR, and financing interest rate significantly impact the pricing decision of all participants in the supply chain. In addition, strategies of CSR level and service level are also affected by the discount rate of advance payment, financing interest rate, return on investment, and opportunity cost rate. This paper incorporates CSR and service level into the objective function, considers a variety of retailers’ payment methods, enriches the supply chain’s pricing model, and is of great value to scientific decision-making of enterprises and sustainable development of supply chains.
Relaxation of capillary-gravity waves due to contact line nonlinearity: A projection method
Authors: Bongarzone Alessandro , Viola Francesco , Gallaire François
Published: December 2021

We present a physics-inspired mathematical model based on successive linear eigenmode projections to solve the relaxation of small-amplitude and two-dimensional viscous capillary-gravity waves with a phenomenological nonlinear contact line model. We show that each projection eventually induces a rapid loss of total energy in the liquid motion and contributes to its nonlinear damping.
First-principles calculations on the structural, electronic, magnetic, and elastic properties of (Fe, Cr)23C6
Authors: Li Zihua , Zheng Peng , Hou Tingping , Lin Hengfu , Li Yu , Zhang Dong , Zhen Jinhuang , Cheng Lin , Wu Kaiming
Published: December 2021

The first-principles calculations were used to comprehensively assess the structural, electronic, magnetic, and elastic properties of Fe23−xCrxC6 (x = 0–23). The absolute temperature stability follows the sequence of Fe1Cr22C6 (Fe: 4a) > Fe3Cr20C6 (Fe: 4a, 8c) > Fe15Cr8C6 (Fe: 4a, 8c, 48h) > Fe23C6 (Fe: 4a, 8c, 32f, 48h). There is a coexistence of covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds in Fe23C6, Fe15Cr8C6, Fe3Cr20C6, Fe1Cr22C6, and Cr23C6 according to the electronic analysis. In addition, the iron content of 0.4 triggers the magnetic transition, suggesting that a critical point exists between the paramagnetic nature and ferromagnetism. Around the concentration of x = 0.5, the longer nearest neighbor length of Fe–C corresponds to the higher value of magnetic moment. Up to the iron content of 1.0, Fe23C6 carbides give rise to an extraordinary magnetic property. The composition and Wyckoff position collectively determines the mechanical properties. Except for the hardness, the mechanical property improves with increasing chromium concentrations. Furthermore, the compounds Fe23−xCrxC6 (x = 0, 9, 10, 11) are brittle. The present work enriches the pool of information that is necessary for the design and property control of Fe-based materials.
Bifurcation analysis of a model of tuberculosis epidemic with treatment of wider population suggesting a possible role in the seasonality of this disease
Authors: Abdelouahab M.-S. , Arama A. , Lozi R.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a novel epidemiological model describing the evolution of tuberculosis in a human population is proposed. This model is of the form SEIR, where S stands for Susceptible people, E for Exposed (infected but not yet infectious) people, I for Infectious people, and R for Recovered people. The main characteristic of this model inspired from the disease biology and some realistic hypothesis is that the treatment is administered not only to infectious but also to exposed people. Moreover, this model is characterized by an open structure, as it considers the transfer of infected or infectious people to other regions more conducive to their care and accepts treatment for exposed or infectious patients coming from other regions without care facilities. Stability and bifurcation of the solutions of this model are investigated. It is found that saddle-focus bifurcation occurs when the contact parameter β passes through some critical values. The model undergoes a Hopf bifurcation when the quality of treatment r is considered as a bifurcation parameter. It is shown also that the system exhibits saddle-node bifurcation, which is a transcritical bifurcation between equilibrium points. Numerical simulations are done to illustrate these theoretical results. Amazingly, the Hopf bifurcation suggests an unexpected and never suggested explanation of seasonality of such a disease, linked to the quality of treatment.
Power-grid stability predictions using transferable machine learning
Authors: Yang Seong-Gyu , Kim Beom Jun , Son Seung-Woo , Kim Heetae
Published: December 2021

Complex network analyses have provided clues to improve power-grid stability with the help of numerical models. The high computational cost of numerical simulations, however, has inhibited the approach, especially when it deals with the dynamic properties of power grids such as frequency synchronization. In this study, we investigate machine learning techniques to estimate the stability of power-grid synchronization. We test three different machine learning algorithms—random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network—training them with two different types of synthetic power grids consisting of homogeneous and heterogeneous input-power distribution, respectively. We find that the three machine learning models better predict the synchronization stability of power-grid nodes when they are trained with the heterogeneous input-power distribution rather than the homogeneous one. With the real-world power grids of Great Britain, Spain, France, and Germany, we also demonstrate that the machine learning algorithms trained on synthetic power grids are transferable to the stability prediction of the real-world power grids, which implies the prospective applicability of machine learning techniques on power-grid studies.
Improved prescription for winding an electromagnet
Authors: Crawford Christopher B. , Straley Joseph P.
Published: December 2021

We describe an improvement on the magnetic scalar potential approach to design an electromagnet, which incorporates the need to wind the coil as a helix. Any magnetic field that can be described by a magnetic scalar potential is produced with high fidelity within a Target region; all fields are confined within a larger Return. The helical winding only affects the field in the Return.