bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A direct computation of a certain family of integrals
Authors: Fornari Lorenzo , Laeng Enrico , Pata Vittorino
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The authors propose a rather elementary method to compute a family of integrals on the half line, involving positive powers of sin x and negative powers of x, depending on the integer parameters n≥q≥1.

Design/methodology/approach

Combinatorics, sine and cosine integral functions.

Findings

The authors prove an explicit formula to evaluate sinc-type integrals.

Originality/value

The proof is not present in the current literature, and it could be of interest for a large audience.
Circular economy business model for smart tourism: the case of Ecobnb
Authors: del Vecchio Pasquale , Malandugno Caterina , Passiante Giuseppina , Sakka Georgia
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to shed new light on the process of value creation and business model innovation resulting from circular economy in the context of smart tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The study embraces a qualitative and exploratory approach related to a single case study. Data have been collected through the integration of web-based desk analysis, interviews and social big data analytics.

Findings

Findings are related to Ecobnb, a network-based tourism company, coherent with the principles of value creation and business model innovation in the context of circular economy and smart tourism.

Research limitations/implications

The study allows understanding of how smart tourism and circular economy can represent two important lenses for managing complexity and driving tourism companies and destinations toward sustainable and smart value creation processes.

Practical implications

Practical implications arise for managers and destination makers in terms of innovation of the tourism management and transition of the business models toward a circular configuration.

Social implications

The study offers social implications by contributing to the dissemination of a culture of sustainability in tourism management and active involvement of local stakeholders in the growth of a tourism destination.

Originality/value

The study provides an original contribution to the debate on tourism by highlighting the obsolescence of traditional models of management in tourism companies and destinations, seen during the recent pandemic emergence, could be solved through the virtuous integration of digital technologies and sustainable approaches.
Economic regulation, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and gender gap: emerging versus high-income economies
Authors: Bárcena-Martín Elena , Medina-Claros Samuel , Pérez-Moreno Salvador
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Institutional environment plays a crucial role in determining the nature of entrepreneurship that prevails in an economy. In this paper, the authors address how business, labour and credit regulations contribute differently to both the overall prevalence of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship (ODE) and its gender gap in high-income and emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of an unbalanced panel of 41 countries over the period 2005–2016, the authors estimate system generalised method of moment models. The authors also perform an ordinary least square analysis to address gender differences in ODE.

Findings

The authors find that higher credit market liberalisation is especially associated with more entrepreneurship by opportunity. Nevertheless, while credit market regulation stands out as a key element to promote opportunity-based entrepreneurship in both high-income and emerging countries, in the emerging world business regulation is also largely related to the prevalence of opportunity entrepreneurship. In terms of gender gap, business and labour market freedom seem to exert an equalising effect on the divide in entrepreneurship by opportunity, specifically in emerging economies.

Originality/value

Findings allow the identification of regulatory policy reform priorities to enhance the prevalence of ODE depending on the level of a country's development. They also identify which specific areas of economic regulation would speed up closing the gender gap in opportunity entrepreneurship.
The COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the personalization of the government in Italy
Authors: Rullo Luigi
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The article investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated and deepened the presidentialization of politics in Italy. It examines how a series of innovative rules and procedures adopted by the Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte to face the extraordinary event are part of a permanent presidentialization dynamic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzes the role of prime minister in coping with the pandemic in Italy within the analytical framework of the personalization of politics. Section 1 investigates how the prime minister has resorted to autonomous normative power through intensive use of the Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers (DPCM). Section 2 observes the establishment of a more direct relationship with citizens through extensive use of digital communication and high engagement. Section 3 analyzes the “personal task force” appointed by the prime minister and highlights a new balance between technocratic/private roles and politics undermining democratic accountability.

Findings

By examining three main aspects of the personalization of politics, the article observes that the COVID-19 pandemic has facilitated the movement to presidentialization of power in Italy. It argues that the COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened political and institutional trends already in place before the crisis.

Originality/value

The article expands the comparative research on the presidentialization of politics. The Italian case clearly underlines how the pandemic crisis represented a further step of progressive dominance of the “executive” over the other branches of government. The article suggests an agenda for future cross-institutional and cross-national analysis.
Effects of absorptive capacity and innovation spillover on manufacturing flexibility
Authors: Pinheiro José , Lages Luis Filipe , Silva Graça Miranda , Dias Alvaro Lopes , Preto Miguel T.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Shifting demand and ever-shorter production cycles pressure manufacturing flexibility. Although the literature has established the positive effect of the firm's absorptive capacity on manufacturing flexibility, the separate role of the innovation competencies of exploitation and exploration in such a relationship is still under-investigated. In this study, the authors examine how these competencies affect manufacturing flexibility.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use survey data from 370 manufacturing firms and analyze them using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB–SEM).

Findings

The results indicate that absorptive capacity has a strong, positive and direct effect on exploitative and exploratory innovation competencies, proactive and responsive market orientations, and manufacturing flexibility. The authors’ findings also demonstrate that the exploitative innovation competencies mediate the relation between responsive market orientation and manufacturing flexibility. Essentially, these exploitative innovation competencies produce a direct positive effect on manufacturing flexibility while simultaneously being a vehicle for absorptive capacity's indirect effects on it. An exploration innovation strategy does not significantly affect manufacturing flexibility.

Originality/value

This study contributes by combining key strategic features of firms with manufacturing flexibility, while providing new empirical evidence of the mediation of the exploitative innovation competencies in the relation between responsive market orientation and manufacturing flexibility.
Will a green color and nature images make consumers pay more for a green product?
Authors: Samaraweera Manoshi , Sims Jeanetta D. , Homsey Dini M.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Would a green color label increase the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product? Would nature images (such as a leaf or flower) on the label have the same effect? This paper aims to examine the role of these labeling strategies in influencing consumer willing to pay.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a 2 × 3 experiment, the authors empirically test the research questions across two studies: in the controlled-lab setting with 160 students (Study 1) and in a field-setting with 268 consumers shopping at a grocery store (Study 2).

Findings

Results are consistent across both studies. Surprisingly, participants are willing to pay more for the product when it has a white-toned label rather than a green-toned one. Follow-up path analysis, with Study 2 data, reveals that a white-toned label has both an indirect (through more favorable evaluations of the product’s environmental friendliness), as well as a direct impact on willingness to pay. In providing a post hoc explanation, it is argued that a white-toned label better directs attention towards the claim signaling the product’s eco-friendliness, while providing a “clean”, “high-quality” look. In both studies however, nature images on the label did not have a significant effect.

Practical implications

Insights are particularly interesting for practitioners seeking to better label/package green products.

Originality/value

This investigation is the first to empirically examine how color and images on the label influence the dollar amount consumers are willing to pay for a green product. Findings reveal that counter to common belief, the heavy use of the color green on eco-friendly product labels might not be appropriate; a predominantly white-toned label works better.
Global shift towards stakeholder-oriented corporate governance? Evidence from the scholarly literature and future research opportunities
Authors: Yoshikawa Toru , Nippa Michael , Chua Gavin
Published: February 2021

Purpose

By reviewing prior scholarly corporate governance (CG) literature and a review of more recent stakeholder studies, this paper aims to examine the extent to which stakeholders and their interests have gained in importance in recent years compared to the shareholder approach, which is dominant in many national economies and suggest future research opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a literature review to examine major findings in prior studies.

Findings

The reviews and analyses provide support for a formal and informal convergence of CG systems towards more stakeholder-oriented elements globally. In general, at the institutional and firm levels, there are remarkable shifts to adopt stakeholder-oriented rules and practices. However, there is limited evidence that all these trends will actually lead to full convergence towards a single stakeholder-oriented governance model.

Originality/value

The paper offers an extensive summary of prior studies that investigate the impact of CG on firm stakeholder-orientation and social performance. Based on the review, this study suggests promising research directions.
Reading routines: strategies of recall in graduate education
Authors: Fine Gary Alan , Wohl Hannah , Ispa-Landa Simone
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore how graduate students in the social sciences develop reading and note-taking routines.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a professional socialization framework drawing on grounded theory, this study draws on a snowball sample of 36 graduate students in the social sciences at US universities. Qualitative interviews were conducted to learn about graduate students’ reading and note-taking techniques.

Findings

This study uncovered how doctoral students experienced the shift from undergraduate to graduate training. Graduate school requires students to adopt new modes of reading and note-taking. However, students lacked explicit mentorship in these skills. Once they realized that the goal was to enter an academic conversation to produce knowledge, they developed new reading and note-taking routines by soliciting and implementing suggestions from advanced doctoral students and faculty mentors.

Research limitations/implications

The specific requirements of the individual graduate program shape students’ goals for reading and note-taking. Further examination of the relationship between graduate students’ reading and note-taking and institutional requirements is warranted with a larger sample of universities, including non-American institutions.

Practical implications

Graduate students benefit from explicit mentoring in reading and note-taking skills from doctoral faculty and advanced graduate students.

Originality/value

This study uncovers the perspectives of graduate students in the social sciences as they transition from undergraduate coursework in a doctoral program of study. This empirical, interview-based research highlights the centrality of reading and note-taking in doctoral studies.
Experimental admixture among geographically disjunct populations of an invasive plant yields a global mosaic of reproductive incompatibility and heterosis
Authors: Irimia Ramona E. , Hierro José L. , Branco Soraia , Sotes Gastón , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Eren Özkan , Lortie Christopher J. , French Kristine , Callaway Ragan M. , Montesinos Daniel
Published: February 2021

Invasive species have the ability to rapidly adapt in the new regions where they are introduced. Classic evolutionary theory predicts that the accumulation of genetic differences over time in allopatric isolation may lead to reproductive incompatibilities resulting in decreases in reproductive success and, eventually, to speciation. However, experimental evidence for this theoretical prediction in the context of invasive species is lacking. We aimed to test for the potential of allopatry to determine reproductive success of invasive plants, by experimentally admixing genotypes from six different native and non‐native regions of Centaurea solstitialis, an invasive forb for which preliminary studies have detected some degree of reproductive isolation between one native and non‐native region.

We grew plants under common garden conditions and outcrossed individuals originating from different source populations in the native and introduced range to evaluate reproductive success in terms of seed to ovule ratio produced. We also assessed geographical and genetic isolation among C. solstitialis regions as a potential driving factor of reproductive success.

Experimental admixture generated mixed fitness effects, including significant increases, decreases and no differences in reproductive success as compared to crosses within population (control). Centaurea solstitialis invasive populations in the Americas generated preponderantly negative fitness interactions, regardless of the pollen source, suggesting selection against immigrants and reinforcement. Other non‐native populations (Australia) as well as individuals from the native range of Spain demonstrated an increase in fitness for between‐region crosses, indicating inbreeding. These differences show an asymmetrical response to inter‐regional gene flow, but no evidence of isolation by distance.

Synthesis. The speed of adaptation and the accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities among allopatric populations of invasive species might be more rapid than previously assumed. Our data show a global mosaic of reproductive outputs, showcasing an array of evolutionary processes unfolding during colonization at large biogeographical scales.
Strengths and challenges of the COSMIN tools in outcome measures appraisal: A case example for speech–language therapy
Authors: Kwok Elaine Yuen Ling , Rosenbaum Peter , Thomas‐Stonell Nancy , Cunningham Barbara Jane
Published: February 2021

Background

The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) is an international initiative that offers standardized and validated tools to guide the appraisal of patient‐reported outcome measures in healthcare.

Aims

To explore the use of a new set of tools from the COSMIN to appraise studies on one outcome measure available to speech and language therapists (SLTs).

Methods & Procedures

We used the COSMIN tools to appraise seven studies and a user manual that reported the measurement properties of the Focus on the Outcomes of Children Under Six (FOCUS), a validated measure of pre‐schoolers’ communicative participation that is used in various contexts around the world.

Outcomes & Results

Using COSMIN guidelines, the FOCUS was categorized as a ‘category A’ tool because there was a sufficient level of evidence to support its content validity and internal consistency. According to the COSMIN guidelines, this means that the FOCUS can be recommended for use. The quality of evidence supporting measurement properties of the FOCUS received a rating of ‘moderate’, meaning users can have moderate confidence in its measurement properties. Since these ratings from the COSMIN tools may be unclear to users of the FOCUS, we have provided more specific recommendations.

Conclusions & Implications

The COSMIN tools offer detailed standards to support the appraisal of outcome measures available to SLTs. However, several limitations were observed, and recommendations to support the application of the COSMIN tools are provided.

What this paper adds

What is already known on the subject

Collecting outcome data is essential to ensure speech and language therapy is effective. Until the development of COSMIN there was a lack of standards in the way the measurement properties of outcome measure instruments were appraised.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

This paper used the FOCUS, a measure of pre‐schoolers’ communicative participation outcomes in speech and language therapy, as a case example to illustrate the applications of the COSMIN tools. In doing so, the strengths and limitations of the current COSMIN tools in appraising the quality of outcome measure instruments are emphasized.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

The COSMIN tools offer a step‐by‐step, standardized approach to appraise various measurement properties in outcome instruments. Due to existing limitations of the COSMIN tools, appraisal should provide clear and specific recommendations so users of outcome measures (e.g., SLTs, researchers) can identify the appropriate uses of each instrument.
The Feasibility of Systemic Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Children and Adolescent Mental Health Difficulties in Latin American Countries: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review
Authors: González Moller Josefa , Heaphy Grace , Urrutia Ortiz Jorge
Published: February 2021

This systematic review aims to assess the feasibility of systemic interventions for the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems in Latin American countries. A mixed studies systematic review was conducted, and 18 studies were included. Data was synthesized using the framework of Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group to build a Best Fit Framework. Stakeholders presented high levels of satisfaction and reported that systemic interventions met the young people’s mental health needs. Barriers to feasibility included lack of collaboration and delays in resource allocation. This review is a valuable resource to systemic intervention developers looking to expand the application of systemic interventions for the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems in different cultural settings. Future research is needed to assess the applicability of the study’s innovative methodology to synthesize feasibility outcomes of systemic interventions.

Practitioner Points

Clinicians and families of young people with mental health problems from Latin American countries felt satisfied with systemic interventions which have a focus on relationships.

More support in strengthening community networks was deemed necessary by families in order to consolidate interventions at a family level.

Systemic interventions developed in Western countries require considered adaptations when delivered in Latin American Countries.
“I don’t think anybody really knows”: Constructing reflexive ignorance in climate change adaptation
Authors: Bowden Vanessa , Nyberg Daniel , Wright Christopher
Published: February 2021

Responding to the existential threat of climate change is often seen as requiring greater reflexivity. Imbued with notions of resilience and reflection, reflexivity is assumed to contribute to pro‐environmental change. However, as the need to manage climate impacts becomes more immediate, political struggles over climate adaptation have become increasingly apparent. These impacts occur most often within local communities, in the context of competing economic interests and differing interpretations of climate science. Thus while it is increasingly difficult to deny climate change, conflicting priorities can lead to ignorance. In these circumstances, how communities build and share knowledge, and negotiate responses is central. Based on a study of a vulnerable region in Australia, we identify three processes through which the local community mobilized to disrupt local climate change adaptation. These included emphasizing uncertainty about the science of climate change, encouraging fear about property prices, and repositioning property owners as victims of climate adaptation policy. We argue that this response to climate adaptation constitutes the production of reflexive ignorance, which reinforces skepticism around scientific authority and defends particular economic interests.
Editorial
Authors: Papageorghiou Aris T
Published: February 2021

Deputy Editor‐in‐Chief, Aris T Papageorghiou, discusses his top articles from this issue in an audio podcast available at: https://soundcloud.com/bjog/march-editors-choice-2021.
Differences in patient perceptions of integrated care among black, hispanic, and white Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Ling Emilia J. , Frean Molly , So Jody , Tietschert Maike , Song Nancy , Covington Christian , Bahadurazada Hassina , Khurana Sonia , Garcia Luis , Singer Sara J.
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study sought to identify potential disparities among racial/ethnic groups in patient perceptions of integrated care (PPIC) and to explore how methodological differences may influence measured disparities.

Data Source

Data from Medicare beneficiaries who completed the 2015 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and were enrolled in Part A benefits for an entire year.

Study Design

We used 4‐point measures of eight dimensions of PPIC and assessed differences in dimensions among racial/ethnic groups. To estimate differences, we applied a “rank and replace” method using multiple regression models in three steps, balancing differences in health status among racial groups and adjusting for differences in socioeconomic status. We reran all analyses with additional SES controls and using standard multiple variable regression.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Not applicable.

Principal Findings

We found several significant differences in perceived integrated care between Black versus White (three of eight measures) and Hispanic versus White (one of eight) Medicare beneficiaries. On average, Black beneficiaries perceived more integrated support for self‐care than did White beneficiaries (mean difference = 0.14, SE = 0.06, P =.02). Black beneficiaries perceived more integrated specialists’ knowledge of past medical history than did White beneficiaries (mean difference = 0.12, SE = 0.06, P =.01). Black and Hispanic beneficiaries also each reported, on average, 0.18 more integrated medication and home health management than did White beneficiaries (P <.01 and P <.01). These findings were robust to sensitivity analyses and model specifications.

Conclusions

There exist some aspects of care for which Black and Hispanic beneficiaries may perceive greater integrated care than non‐Hispanic White beneficiaries. Further studies should test theories explaining why racial/ethnic groups perceive differences in integrated care.
Drone aerial imagery for the simulation of a neonate burial based on the geoforensic search strategy (GSS)
Authors: Rocke Benjamin , Ruffell Alastair , Donnelly Laurance
Published: February 2021

A woman reporting the homicide and burial of an infant in 2004 prompted the creation of an experimental simulated neonate grave shortly before the real search commenced. The real case, documented here, did not use aerial imagery, but used ground‐penetrating radar (calibrated to the test site described here) to identify two locations that were probed for gas release and the deployment of victim recovery dogs. We suggest technological advances in remotely sensed aerial imagery that have developed since 2004 will demonstrate their use in focusing such searches by informing a Geoforensic Search Strategy (GSS) and suggesting locations accessible by a perpetrator to identify a burial location using the still‐existent analogue site. To test this, in the spring of 2020 a DJI Mavic Pro drone was flown over the control site containing the simulated 2004 burial. Aerial image processing included the creation of orthomosaics, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Visual Atmospheric Resistance Index (VARI), and photogrammetry. Conventional ground‐based geophysical surveys using ground‐penetrating radar, guided by this new type of information integrated into the GSS, confirmed that anomalies seen in drone data were the 16‐year‐old burial. We test this strategy using both the original simulated burial in Northern Ireland and further evaluate it in two recent simulated graves in the United States in more complex scenarios, but with successful results.
Deodorization films based on polyphenol compound‐rich natural deodorants and polycaprolactone for removing volatile sulfur compounds from kimchi
Authors: Jeong Suyeon , Lee Hyun‐Gyu , Cho Chi Heung , Yoo SeungRan
Published: February 2021

As natural polyphenols have been known to have the deodorizing activity, the deodorizing properties and mechanisms of action of polyphenols, the main constituents of green tea extract (GTE), black tea extract (BTE), and grape seed extract (GSE), against volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in kimchi were investigated. Six VSCs were targeted and detected to be in high abundance in kimchi. The deodorizing activity (%) toward VSCs was found to be in the following order: GSE (58.4 to 91.8) >GTE (37.6 to 73.8) >BTE (28.4 to 60.3). This was attributed to the high phenolic (892.6 ± 10.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (666.5 ± 23.9 mg CE/g) contents in GSE, that is, polymeric proanthocyanidins (85.97%). Particularly, the hydroxyl groups in the polyphenols showed deodorizing activity against VSCs via a sulfur‐capture reaction. For packaging applications, deodorization films based on GSE and polycaprolactone were developed, and the GSE/polycaprolactone 20% films exhibited strong deodorizing effects (54.9 to 99.8%) against kimchi VSCs.
A survey of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead residues in seafood (fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods) from the south‐eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ramon Debra , Morick Danny , Croot Peter , Berzak Ran , Scheinin Aviad , Tchernov Dan , Davidovich Nadav , Britzi Malka
Published: February 2021

Seafood is capable of bioaccumulating heavy metals (HM), making it a potentially major dietary source of HM for humans. Presently, little data exists on seafood from the eastern‐most boundary of the Mediterranean Sea. This study aims to provide exposure insight of the Israeli population to HM through the consumption of locally caught seafood by assessing the levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead in raw tissues of seafood. A wide survey of local fisheries was conducted providing 296 samples from 11 different species, including seven fish, two crustacean, and two cephalopod species. Total arsenic, cadmium, and lead were analyzed by graphite‐furnace atomic absorption. Total mercury was measured by cold‐vapor mercury analyzer. Arsenic speciation was performed by anion chromatography‐inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Results suggested that the total arsenic concentrations were significantly higher in crustaceans and cephalopods than fish. Arsenic speciation revealed two samples that exceed 1 mg/kg of inorganic arsenic, whereas methylated arsenic was below the detection limit. Elevated mercury levels were detected in the commercial benthic speciesMullus barbatus(red mullet), cadmium was detected in one‐third of the samples, and lead detected in eight samples. Comparing the results to health guidelines, 99.4% of seafood tested in this study abide with acceptable levels of heavy metals in seafood, as defined by both Israeli and European Union guidelines.
Dielectric properties of fresh rabbit meat in the microwave range
Authors: Gómez‐Salazar Julián Andrés , Alvarado‐Iglesias Rosalía , Kaur Tejinder , Corona‐Chávez Alonso , Olvera‐Cervantes José Luis , Rojas‐Laguna Roberto , Sosa‐Morales María Elena
Published: February 2021

Dielectric properties (DPs) of fresh rabbit meat in the microwave range (0.5 to 20 GHz) were determined. Three different muscles (Biceps femoris, Tensor fasciae latae, and Longissimus thoracis) from California rabbits (male and female) were measured with the open‐ended coaxial probe method at temperatures of 20, 40, and 60 °C. To assess the possible effect of age, females of 100 and 180 days old were analyzed. DPs were affected by frequency, muscle type, age, gender, and temperature (p < 0.05). Dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency. Loss factor decreased from 0.5 to 2.5 GHz due to ionic conduction, followed by an increase up to 20 GHz, dominated by dipolar relaxation.

Practical Application

These results are key parameters for further quality sensing applications and for heating processes of meat rabbit using microwaves. Longer penetration depths were achieved at 915 MHz; this frequency is recommended for further applications. Besides, dielectric properties have potential to be a tool for identification of gender and age for slaughtered rabbits.
Changes in the levels of headspace volatiles, including acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, in red and white wine following light irradiation
Authors: Kim Se Hyeok , Jung Hyun Jeong , Lee Jae Hwan
Published: February 2021

The effects of fluorescence light irradiation on the changes in the levels of volatiles, especially acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, were determined in red and white wines. Three different red or white wine brands were mixed and subjected to light irradiation for 5 days. Generally, the levels of total volatiles in white wine were higher than those in red wine were and decreased during light irradiation. The level of 1,1,6‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene, an aromatic compound commonly found in aging wine, decreased significantly following light irradiation (p < 0.05), whereas those of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde increased significantly in white wine (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the formaldehyde content in white wine was higher than that in red wine. Thus, light irradiation promotes the decomposition of major volatiles to a greater degree in white wine than in red wine. This implies that white wine may require more attention and caution against light exposure than red wine.

Practical Application

Red and white wines are two globally consumed alcoholic beverages; several factors influence their quality. This study evaluates the effects of light irradiation on the profiles of headspace volatiles, such as formaldehyde and acetaldehydes, which are harmful chemicals. Generally, the levels of total headspace volatiles decreased during storage, while those of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde increased markedly in white wine. This increase in aldehyde levels suggests that wines should not be exposed to light irradiation. The results of this study will help wine producers, distributors, and consumers maintain wines with low contents of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde.
Mica Types as Indication of Magma Nature, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: DENIZ Kiymet
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on the nature of giant micas occurring at the contact between the Özvatan (foid‐bearing) syenites and the metamorphic basement in Central Anatolia. The studied micas are dark greenish‐black in color and crystallized within vein shape like bodies as a narrow lens. The origin and processes responsible for the formation of these independent crystals of the giant micas were investigated by mineralogical, petrographical and geochemical analyses with the use of Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (PED‐XRF) and Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). According to XRD, CRS, FTIR and EPMA data, the giant micas are phlogopite. EPMA results reveal that studied mica minerals represent the products of re‐equilibrated primary mica characterized by high MgO and FeO and low Al2O3 and TiO2 contents. The trace element concentrations of the giant micas display similar patterns with the upper crust. The giant micas are crystallized within small cubicles from an alkaline magma and their composition is possibly modified by a mixing event between the crust‐ and mantle‐derived magmas and contaminated at varying extent by the basement metamorphic rocks.
Effectiveness of Standardized Nursing Terminologies for Nursing Practice and Healthcare Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Wu Xiaohong , Peng Gangyi , Zhang Qian , Chen Lianhua , Cai Zehua , Ou Huanzhen
Published: February 2021

Purpose

This review evaluates the effectiveness of using standardized terminologies in nursing.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed via PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and OVID databases for articles published between January 1973 and September 2020. The Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the quality of all included studies.

Results

Fourteen studies were selected for data extraction and analysis, which included a total of 24,243 patients and 99 nurses. Of the studies that met the inclusion criteria, the quality of five were of high quality, one was of moderate quality, and eight was of weak quality. All articles were summarized according to two themes: the identification of common outcomes or interventions, and the validation or evaluation of the effectiveness of standard nursing terminology sets.

Conclusion

Standardized terminologies in nursing help nurses to implement care plans according to nursing procedures, supervise changes in patients' sensitive indicators, improve patients' health outcomes, and contribute to evidence‐based nursing practices and global data resource sharing.

Implications for nursing practice

Standardized nursing terminologies have positive effects on clinical practice, are essential for enriching nurses' knowledge, and alter nurses’ attitudes regarding education and guidance, which promotes the clinical application of these terminologies.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Alcohol Consumption and Its Concordance with Transdermal Alcohol Detection and Timeline Follow‐Back Self‐report Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Mun Eun‐Young , Li Xiaoyin , Businelle Michael S. , Hébert Emily T. , Tan Zhengqi , Barnett Nancy P. , Walters Scott T.
Published: February 2021

Background

Studies of alcohol use presume valid assessment measures. To evaluate this presumption, we examined the concordance of alcohol use as measured by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) self‐reports, transdermal alcohol concentration readings via the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM), and retrospective self‐reports via the Timeline Follow‐Back (TLFB) among adults experiencing homelessness.

Methods

Forty‐nine adults who reported alcohol misuse (mean age = 47, SD = 9; 57% Black; 82% men) were recruited from a homeless shelter. For 4 weeks, alcohol use was assessed: (i) 5 times or more per day by EMA, (ii) every 30 minutes by a SCRAM device worn on the ankle, and (iii) by TLFB for the past month at the end of the study period. There were 1,389 days of observations of alcohol use and alcohol use intensity for 49 participants.

Results

EMA and SCRAM alcohol use data agreed on 73% of days, with an interrater agreement Kappa = 0.46. A multilevel analysis of concordance of 3 measures for alcohol use yielded statistically significant correlations of 0.40 (day level) and 0.63 (person level) between EMA and SCRAM. Alcohol use was detected on 49, 38, and 33% of days by EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB, respectively. For alcohol use intensity, EMA and SCRAM resulted in statistically significant correlations of 0.46 (day level) and 0.78 (person level). The concordance of TLFB with either EMA or SCRAM was weak, especially at the day level.

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine concordance of alcohol use estimates using EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB methods in adults experiencing homelessness. EMA is a valid approach to quantifying alcohol use, especially given its relatively low cost, low participant burden, and ease of use. Furthermore, any stigma associated with wearing the SCRAM or reporting alcohol use in person may be attenuated by using EMA, which may be appealing for use in studies of stigmatized and underserved populations.
Network Meta‐Analysis on the Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Augmentation of COVID‐19 Pathologies
Authors: Huang Wenfei , Zhou Heping , Hodgkinson Colin , Montero Angelo , Goldman David , Chang Sulie L.
Published: February 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a worldwide crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Many COVID‐19 patients present with fever in the early phase, with some progressing to a hyperinflammatory phase. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure may lead to systemic inflammation. Network meta‐analysis was conducted to examine possible relationships between EtOH consumption and COVID‐19 pathologies.

Methods

Molecules affected by EtOH exposure were identified by analysis with QIAGEN Knowledge Base. Molecules affected by COVID‐19 were identified from studies in MEDLINE, bioRxiv, and medRxiv reporting gene expression profiles in COVID‐19 patients, QIAGEN Coronavirus Network Explorer, and analysis of the RNA‐sequencing data of autopsied lungs of COVID‐19 patients retrieved from the GEO database. Network meta‐analysis was then conducted on these molecules using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).

Results

Twenty‐eight studies reporting significant gene expression changes in COVID‐19 patients were identified. One RNA‐sequencing dataset on autopsied lungs of COVID‐19 patients was retrieved from GEO. Our network meta‐analysis suggests that EtOH exposure may augment the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on hepatic fibrosis signaling pathway, cellular metabolism and homeostasis, inflammation, and neuroinflammation. EtOH may also enhance the activity of key mediators including cytokines, such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF, and transcription factors, such as JUN and STAT, while inhibiting the activity of anti‐inflammatory mediators including glucocorticoid receptor. Furthermore, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF, JUN, and STAT were mapped to 10 pathways predicted to associate with SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins, including HMGB1, IL‐1, and IL‐6 signaling pathways.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analyses demonstrate that EtOH exposure may augment SARS‐CoV‐2–induced inflammation by altering the activity of key inflammatory mediators. Our findings suggest that it is important for clinicians to caution patients about the risk of alcohol consumption, which has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings also call for further investigation into how alcohol exposure affects viral infections.
Preventive effect of morning light exposure on relapse into depressive episode in bipolar disorder
Authors: Esaki Yuichi , Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Fujita Kiyoshi , Iwata Nakao , Kitajima Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2021

Objective

Light therapy has been suggested to have a curative effect on bipolar depression; however, preventive effects of light exposure on depressive episodes remain unclear. This study evaluated whether daytime light exposure in real‐life situations was associated with a preventive effect on relapse into depressive episodes in patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods

This prospective, naturalistic, observational study was conducted in Japan between August 2017 and June 2020. Outpatients with bipolar disorder were objectively evaluated for daytime light exposure over 7 consecutive days using an actigraph that could measure ambient light at baseline assessment and then assessed at 12‐month follow‐up for relapse into mood episodes.

Results

Of 202 participants, 198 (98%) completed follow‐up at 12 months and 78 (38%) experienced relapse into depressive episodes during follow‐up. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders, a longer time above 1000 lux at daytime was significantly associated with decrease in relapse into depressive episodes (per log min; hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.91). In addition, a higher average illuminance and longer time above 1000 lux in the morning exhibited a significant decrease in relapse into depressive episodes (per log lux and per log min; hazard ratio, 0.65 and 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.86 and 0.47–0.78, respectively). The association between daytime light exposure and relapse into manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes was not significantly different.

Conclusion

A significant association was observed between increased daytime light exposure, mainly in the morning, and decreased relapse into depressive episodes.
Crosstalk between miR‐203 and PKCθ regulates breast cancer stem cell markers
Authors: Salem Sohair , Mosaad Rehab
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) is expressed in ER‐negative breast cancer and promotes cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotype. PKCθ gene (PRKCQ) is predicted to be a target for tumor suppressor miR‐203. Herein, we aim to validate this prediction and evaluate the ability of miR‐203 to inhibit migration of breast cancer cell line enriched with CSCs, MDA‐MB‐231, via PRKCQ targeting.

Methods

Cells were transfected with miR‐203 mimic, PRKCQ siRNA and negative control; then real‐time PCR, migration assay, western blotting, reporter assay, and chromatin accessibility assay were performed.

Results

Our findings displayed significant decrease in PRKCQ mRNA level and luciferase signals in cells with restored miR‐203 expression, therefore, validated PRKCQ as a direct target of miR‐203. Additionally, inhibiting PRKCQ by siRNA led to significant inhibition of miR‐203 expression and significant decrease of chromatin accessibility at miR‐203 promoter region 466–291 upstream TSS. Both of miR‐203 re‐expression and PRKCQ suppression resulted in altering migration ability of MDA‐MB‐231 through regulating AKT pathway and genes involved in breast cancer stem cells, CD44 and ALDH1A3. Expression of CDK5, GIV, and NANOG was significantly downregulated in miR‐203 mimic‐transfected cells, while PRKCQ siRNA‐transfected cells displayed downregulation of OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG. Furthermore, we found that miR‐224 expression was enhanced while miR‐150 was downregulated after ectopic expression of miR‐203.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the negative feedback loop between miR‐203 and its target PRKCQ and the interplay between them in regulating genes involved in BCSCs. The study also concluded “microRNA‐mediated microRNA regulation” as an event in breast cancer cells.
Management of patients with atopic dermatitis undergoing systemic therapy during COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy: Data from the DA‐COVID‐19 registry
Authors: Chiricozzi Andrea , Talamonti Marina , De Simone Clara , Galluzzo Marco , Gori Niccolò , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Girolomoni Giampiero , Offidani Annamaria , Rossi Maria Teresa , Bianchi Luca , Cristaudo Antonio , Fierro Maria Teresa , Stingeni Luca , Pellacani Giovanni , Argenziano Giuseppe , Patrizi Annalisa , Pigatto Paolo , Romanelli Marco , Savoia Paola , Rubegni Pietro , Foti Caterina , Milanesi Nicola , Belloni Fortina Anna , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Grieco Teresa , Di Nuzzo Sergio , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Carugno Andrea , Motolese Alberico , Rongioletti Franco , Amerio Paolo , Balestri Riccardo , Potenza Concetta , Micali Giuseppe , Patruno Cataldo , Zalaudek Iris , Lombardo Maurizio , Feliciani Claudio , Di Nardo Lucia , Guarneri Fabrizio , Peris Ketty ,   DA‐COVID‐19 study group
Published: February 2021

Background

Few and small studies have described the management of immunomodulant/immunosuppressive therapies or phototherapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

A national registry, named DA‐COVID‐19 and involving 35 Italian dermatology units, was established in order to evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the management of adult AD patients treated with systemic immunomodulant/immunosuppressive medications or phototherapy. Demographic and clinical data were obtained at different timepoints by teledermatology during COVID‐19 pandemic, when regular visits were not allowed due to sanitary restrictions. Disease severity was assessed by both physician‐ and patient‐reported assessment scores evaluating itch intensity, sleep disturbances, and AD severity.

Results

A total of 1831 patients were included, with 1580/1831 (86.3%) continuing therapy during pandemic. Most patients were treated with dupilumab (86.1%, 1576/1831) that was interrupted in only 9.9% (156/1576) of cases, while systemic immunosuppressive compounds were more frequently withdrawn. Treatment interruption was due to decision of the patient, general practitioner, or dermatologist in 39.9% (114/286), 5.6% (16/286), and 30.1% (86/286) of cases, respectively. Fear of increased susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (24.8%, 71/286) was one of the main causes of interruption. Sixteen patients (0.9%) resulted positive to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; 3 of them (0.2%) were hospitalized but no cases of COVID‐related death occurred.

Conclusions

Most AD patients continued systemic treatments during COVID pandemic and lockdown period, without high impact on disease control, particularly dupilumab‐treated patients.