bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Fruit and Vegetable Based Millet Pasta
Authors: Benhur Dayakar Rao , Kulla Shreeja , Alladi Israel Raj
Published: February 2024

Incorporation of nutricereals, fruits and vegetables into daily dietaries is a food design strategy that can add several health benefits. Pasta, a well-known food product, is obtained from extrusion process by mixing wheat semolina and water. Replacing wheat with millets and water with fruit/vegetable pulp in the development of pasta may enhance its nutritional quality and lowers its carbohydrate levels, which will benefit for diabetic and cancer patients. The aim of the current study is to formulate the millet-based pasta with locally available fruit/vegetables. In this study, different proportion of diverse ingredients such as barnyard millet semolina, papaya, gogu and tapioca were used. Pasta was developed in five different formulations with barnyard millet, papaya and gogu incorporation; gogu and papaya were added up to 15 and 30 %, respectively. Among five proportions, combination of papaya (20 %) and gogu (5 %) addition to barnyard millet-based pasta has the highest organoleptic score. Addition of fruit/vegetable has improved dietary fiber and total mineral content by 89.30 and 12.61 %, respectively.
Promoting Millets Production for Ensuring Food and Nutrient Security in Tamil Nadu
Authors: V. Geethalakshmi
Published: February 2024

Millets offer significant advantages in terms of production and consumption. They have a lower water requirement compared to other crops and are resilient in nature. Furthermore, when positioned correctly in the market, millets can yield higher returns even in their raw form. Additionally, millets are packed with nutrients, surpassing those found in traditional grains. Millets have been a traditional food, nutritive and by processing it could be made preferable to consumers of all age groups. Livestock feed has greatly benefited from this material. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize research and development in the areas of production, processing, and value chain management. Over the course of a century's worth of dedicated research and development efforts, TNAU has successfully introduced 5 high-yielding hybrids and 33 varieties in sorghum, 10 high-yielding hybrids and 9 varieties in pearl millet, as well as 15 varieties in finger millet and 21 varieties in small millets. State and Central Governments have also initiated various mission mode projects since last 10 years for promotion of millets among farmers and consumers. Millet product processing interventions are focused on improving nutritional value, convenience and shelflife. New extruded products (vermicelli and noodles), flakes, savory snacks, nutrition bars, cookies, etc. are being developed to attract youth. Raising awareness of the health and nutritional benefits of millet products is imperative for India, which has substantial youth population. Thus promoting millets will enable better returns to farmers and also ensure nutritive food for the people.
Millets for Nutrition Security in India
Authors: S. Shobana , R. M. Anjana , V. Mohan
Published: February 2024

Millets are nutri-cereals, ancient crops, farmer friendly, climate resilient, energy-efficient and sustainable crops. The nutritional properties of each millet are unique but overall, they are nutritionally superior to white rice and refined wheat when consumed in whole grain forms. Millets being rich in complex carbohydrates contain higher levels of insoluble fibre and are rich in vitamins and minerals. Pigmented millets are rich in phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and are reported to have several health benefits which include antioxidant, antimicrobial and blood sugar and cholesterol lowering properties etc. These were established through in vitro, animal feeding and human feeding trials. In India refined grain-based diets which are deficient in pulses are being consumed. There is therefore a need for alternative cereal staples and this is where millets can help. Processing is known to impact the nutritional properties of millets. Dehulling / polishing reduces dietary fibre, vitamins and mineral contents while increasing available carbohydrates. Such millets are nutritionally inferior as they can increase the glycemic load. Characterization of millet germplasm, landraces for nutritional property and phytochemicals can be helpful to identify millets with superior nutritional qualities. The glycemic index of millet foods ranges from low to high, is unique for each millet food. Inclusion of pulses and soluble fibres in millet foods is helpful in lowering the glycemic response. Continuous glucose monitoring studies showed that finger millet diets as compared to white rice diets produced 18% lower fasting insulin levels. Studies on the drivers and barriers of millet consumption, millet consumption patterns will provide more insights on the preferred forms of millet foods. There is a need for data base on the nutritional and glycemic properties of millets and this can help create a millet food atlas. Collaboration between different stake holders along millet value chain is essential to promote healthier forms of millets in this population.
RETRACTED: Machine Learning Classifiers for Bot Detection using Account Level Data
Authors: Sharma Jwala , Borah Samarjeet
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Exploring Critical Factors Influencing the Resilience of the Prefabricated Construction Supply Chain
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Tianyang , Fu Hongwei
Published: February 2024

Prefabricated construction has less environmental pollution, less resource consumption, and high productivity. This new construction model is an important tool for the construction industry to achieve sustainable development. However, disruptions in the prefabricated construction supply chain (PCSC) frequently occur in practice, which seriously reduces the performance of prefabricated building projects. Improving the resilience of the prefabricated construction supply chain (RPCSC) is an urgent problem to be solved. This study first identified the factors influencing the RPCSC through a comprehensive literature review. Next, 13 experts were invited to summarize and integrate these factors, and 11 concepts were obtained. Finally, the fuzzy cognitive maps method is applied to evaluate the impact of these concepts on the RPCSC and the interaction between them. The results show that the main factors are relationship quality of members, laws and regulations, information exchange/analysis, Professional management personnel/Labor quality, and R&D. Moreover, this study reveals the effect of these factors individually or synergistically influencing the RPCSC. This study provides valuable insights for governments and members of the prefabricated construction supply chain. The related findings can help reduce the risk of disruption in the prefabricated supply chain, improving the productivity and low-carbon performance of prefabricated construction.
RETRACTED: Advances in nanosensor strategies for on-site detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products
Authors: Dixit Aishwarya , Kumar Nishant , Bajpai Vivek K. , Cho Youngjin , Yang Yu-jeong , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Huh Yun Suk , Shukla Shruti
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested the removal of their preprint from Research Square, due to current circumstances that make preprinting challenging at this time. The author's request does not imply errors or misconduct.
Intelligent Guide RNA: Harboring Dual Toe-Hold Switches for Luciferase Reporter Modulation in the Presence of Trigger RNA
Authors: Hosseinkhani Saman , Hashemabadi Mohammad , Sasan Hossein , Sadeghizadeh Majid
Published: February 2024

The CRISPR system has been extensively utilized in various aspects of molecular biology for over a decade. However, its continuous activity can result in undesirable effects. Nevertheless, implementing programmable CRISPR/Cas9 function using nano-device mediation can effectively mitigate these side effects. By integrating RNA-sensing platforms, into the CRISPR system, it has been transformed into a powerful tool for processing internal cell information and modulating gene activity.
Here, an Intelligent guide RNA (IngRNA), a cis-repressed gRNA synthetic circuit which enables efficient recognition of arbitrary stimulatory RNA was developed. In this system, the presence of cognate trigger RNA promotes precise binding to the first toe-hold site, subsequently exposes the second toe-hold site. The connection between the 5' end of platform and the second toe-hold site facilitates gRNA activity to target gene of interest. Activating this genetic logic circuit in response to specific cellular conditions holds great promise as a platform for synthetic biology.
Risk factors for severe and fatal childhood unintentional injury: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Beaulieu Emilie , Herrera Norma Maria Perez , Boutin Amelie
Published: February 2024

Background
Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children aged 1–19 years worldwide. Systematic reviews assessing various risk factors for different childhood injuries have been published previously. However, most of the related literature does not distinguish minor from severe or fatal injuries. This study aims to describe and summarize the current knowledge on the determinants of severe and fatal childhood unintentional injuries and to discuss the differences between risk factors for all injuries (including minor injuries) and severe and fatal injuries. The study also aims to quantify the reduction in child injuries associated with a reduction in exposure to some of the identified risk factors in the Canadian population.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted by searching Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. Observational and experimental cohort studies assessing children and adolescents aged ≤ 19 years old and determinants of severe and fatal unintentional injury, such as personal behaviors, family and environmental characteristics, and socioeconomic and geographic context will be eligible. The main outcome will be a composite of any severe or fatal unintentional injuries (including burns, drowning, transport-related injuries and falls). Any severity measurement scale will be accepted as long as severe cases require at least one hospital admission. Two authors will independently screen for inclusion, extract data and assess the quality of the data using the Cochrane ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analysis will be performed using random effects models. Subgroup analyses will examine age subgroups and high vs low-income countries. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted after restricting analyses to studies with a low risk of bias. Attributable fractions will be computed to assess the burden of identified risk factors in the Canadian population.
Discussion
Given the numerous determinants of child injuries and the challenges that may be involved in identifying which individuals should be prioritized for injury prevention efforts, this evidence may help to inform the identification of high-risk children and prevention interventions, considering the disproportionate consequences of severe and fatal injuries. This evidence may also help pediatric healthcare providers prioritize counseling messaging.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO # CRD42023493322
Predicting invasive disease-free survival in ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer using the PAM50 risk-of-recurrence score: a retrospective analysis using single-center long-term follow-up data of Japanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Higami Akane , Takada Masahiro , Kawaguchi-Sakita Nobuko , Kawashima Masahiro , Kawaguchi Kosuke , Yamaguchi Ayane , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Yamada Yosuke , Toi Masakazu Kawaguchi
Published: February 2024

Background
The prognostic value of the risk-of-recurrence (ROR) score calculated using PAM50 has been validated using clinical trials and patient cohorts. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the PAM50 ROR score in Japanese patients with early breast cancer using long-term follow-up data.
Methods
We enrolled postmenopausal patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative, stage I–II breast cancer who had undergone surgery at the Kyoto University Hospital between 2014 and 2018. The intrinsic subtype and ROR score were calculated using PAM50. The primary endpoint was invasive disease-free survival (IDFS).
Results
We enrolled 147 patients, of whom 48 (33%) patients had node-positive disease, and 37 (25%) had received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The proportions of intrinsic subtypes for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like subtypes were 67%, 27%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 8.4 (range: 6.3–10.0) years, and 21 IDFS events were observed. Based on the ROR score, 37%, 33%, and 30% of the patients were classified as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, respectively. Patients in the high-risk group had a significantly worse 8-year IDFS rate than those in the low-to-intermediate-risk groups (75.7% vs. 91.6%, p = 0.04). The same trend was observed in patients with and without neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusions
Using long-term follow-up data, this study showed that the ROR score can predict the prognosis of ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer in Japanese postmenopausal patients. Further investigations are required to confirm the prognostic value of the ROR score in Asian populations.
Variational Tensor Neural Networks for Deep Learning
Authors: Jahromi Saeed S. , Orús Román
Published: February 2024

Deep neural networks (NNs) encounter scalability limitations when confronted with a vast array of neurons, thereby constraining their achievable network depth. To address this challenge, we propose an integration of tensor networks (TN) into NN frameworks, combined with a variational DMRG-inspired training technique. This inturn, results in a scalable tensor neural network (TNN) architecture capable of efficient training over a large parameter space. Our variational algorithm utilizes a local gradient-descent technique, enabling manual or automatic computation of tensor gradients, facilitating design of hybrid TNN models with combined dense and tensor layers. Our training algorithm sheds light on the entanglement structure of the tensorized trainable weights, while also illuminating the expressive power of the TNN as a quantum neural state. We validate the accuracy and efficiency of our method by designing TNN models for regression and classification tasks on diverse datasets. Furthermore, we delve into the expressive power of our algorithm, drawing upon the entanglement structure of the neural network.
Spinal anesthesia and multimodal analgesia using erector spinae plane block and magnesium sulfate in a patient with systemic sclerosis undergoing laminectomy: a case report
Authors: Shakeri Alireza , Behjati Jina
Published: February 2024

Background: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a relatively novel regional anesthesia technique that has gained popularity for various surgical procedures, including spine surgery.
Case presentation: We describe the successful application of spinal anesthesia (SA), ESPB, and magnesium sulfate in a female patient with a history of systemic sclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis undergoing laminectomy.
Conclusions: Our application of this multimodal anesthesia technique resulted in efficient pain management and a complication-free perioperative course despite significant risks associated with the patient’s underlying condition.
Dual-catalytic structural isomerisation as a route to
α-arylated ketones
Authors: Teskey Christopher , Lunic Danijela , Vystavkin Nikita
Published: February 2024

Isomerisation reactions provide streamlined routes to organic compounds which are otherwise hard to directly synthesise. The most common forms are positional, geometrical or stereochemical isomerisations which involve the relocation of a double bond or a change in relative location of groups in space. In contrast, far fewer examples of structural (or constitutional) isomerisation exist where the connectivity between atoms is altered. The development of platforms capable of such rearrangement poses a unique set of challenges because chemical bonds must be selectively cleaved, and new ones formed without overall addition or removal of atoms. Here, we show that a dual catalytic system can enable the structural isomerisation of readily available allylic alcohols into more challenging-to-synthesise α-arylated ketones. Key to our strategy is the combination of a cobalt catalyst and photocatalyst under reductive, protic conditions which allows intermediates to propagate catalytic turnover. By providing an unusual disconnection to structural motifs which are difficult to access through direct arylation, we anticipate inspiring other advanced catalytic isomerisation strategies that will further retrosynthetic logic for complex molecule synthesis.
Functional brain connectome-transcriptional landscape linking to transdiagnostic factors of psychopathological symptoms
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Liu Xuerong , Li Wei , Hu Yuanyuan , Hu Bowen , Xu Ting , Zhang Rong , Tang Yancheng , Xia Lei , Zhang Jingxuan , Xiao Zhibing , Chen Ji , Feng Zhengzhi , Zhou Yuan , He Qinghua , Qiu Jiang , Lei Xu , Chen Hong , Qin Shaozheng , Feng Tingyong
Published: February 2024

Transdiagnostic factors are considered promising in elucidating the etiological underpinnings of psychiatric comorbidities, especially in anxiety and depression. However, their symptom-centered neurobiological substrates, encompassing the genetic macro-micro-molecular brain functional landscape, remain elusive. Here, we develop edge-centric functional brain connectome-based predictive models for transdiagnostic factors of anxiety and depression symptoms (sTDF). These factors are estimated from nonlinear Gaussian topological schemes in a nationwide sample and a twin dataset. Edge-centric connectome was found to be reproducible and generalizable neural signatures for the sTDF, showing high sensitivity in neurally representing the sTDF from edge-centric similarity patterns of attention/frontoparietal networks. Such edge-centric signatures were found moderately heritable. Genetic transcriptional analyses further revealed the biological enrichment for gene expression patterns of these edge-centric connectome emerging into vessel systems and metabolism of CMRO2 for sTDF, especially for cerebellar development in late-childhood-to-young-adulthood. Our findings shed lights on the neurobiological architectures of sTDF by clarifying edge-centeric connectome-transcriptional signature.
Chatbots Security: STRIDE-based elicitation of security threats and vulnerabilities in Insurance chatbots
Authors: Bokolo Zilungile , Daramola Olawande
Published: February 2024

Although chatbots are used a lot for customer relationship management (CRM), there needs to be more data security and privacy control strategies in chatbots, which has become a security concern for financial services institutions. Chatbots gain access to large amounts of vital company information and clients’ personal information, which makes them a target of security attacks. The loss of data stored in chatbots can cause major harm to companies and customers. In this study, STRIDE (viz. Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, Elevation of privilege) modelling was applied to identify the data security vulnerabilities and threats that pertain to chatbots used in the insurance industry. To do this, we conducted a case study of a South African insurance organisation. The adopted methodology involved data collection from stakeholders in the insurance organisation to identify chatbot use cases and understand chatbot operations. After that, we conducted a STRIDE-based analysis of the chatbot use cases to elicit security threats and vulnerabilities in the insurance chatbots in the Organisation. The results reveal that security vulnerabilities associated with Spoofing, Denial of Service and Elevation of privilege are more relevant to insurance chatbots. The most security threats stem from Tampering, Elevation of privilege and Spoofing. The study extends the discussion on chatbot security. It fosters an understanding of security threats and vulnerabilities that pertain to insurance chatbots, which is beneficial for security researchers and practitioners working on the security of chatbots and the insurance industry.
Is Mus spretus a mutualistic species with oak species or does it parasitize previously established relationships with other rodents?
Authors: Arco Sergio Del , Arco Jose María Del
Published: February 2024

Relationships between oak species and rodents have been interpreted in terms of their performance within a range of relationships ranging from the antagonistic extreme called a predation relationship because rodents destroy acorns to the collaborative extreme in which the two species obtain benefits in a relationship called mutualism.
In the Iberian Peninsula there are two species of rodents, Apodemus sylvaticusand Mus spretus. A. sylvaticus arrived first, in the Pliocene, and established mutualistic relationships with the oak species that existed there because it partially consumes acorns and initiates them from the basal part, which allows the embryo to be preserved. It brings to the relationship a higher energy expenditure when opening the acorns at the basal end, but in exchange it obtains a stable and persistent source of resources, although with temporal oscillations.
Later came M. spretus, in the Holocene. As both species currently share habitat and food, the question we pose in this study is the following: How did M. spretus respond to the mutualistic relationship already maintained by A. sylvaticus and the oak species of the Iberian Peninsula? Did it adopt the same behavior as A. sylvaticus to contribute to the dissemination of acorns that will serve as food? Or, on the contrary, does it parasitize this relationship by behaving as a simple predator of the acorns that A. sylvaticus has contributed to establish and spread? The result we have obtained is that M. spretus has acquired the same acorn processing behavior as A. sylvaticus. Therefore, we can affirm that M. spretusis a species that maintains mutualistic relationships with the oak species settled in the Iberian Peninsula.
Neuroimaging-guided diagnosis of possible FTLD-FUS pathology: a case report
Authors: Mathoux Gregory , Boccalini Cecilia , Lathuliere Aurelien , Scheffler Max , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Garibotto Valentina
Published: February 2024

Background: This case report presents a patient with progressive memory loss and choreiform movements.
Case presentation: Neuropsychological tests indicated multi-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and neurological examination revealed asymmetrical involuntary hyperkinetic movements. Imaging studies showed severe left-sided atrophy and hypometabolism in the left frontal and temporoparietal cortex. [18F]Flortaucipir PET exhibited moderately increased tracer uptake in hypometabolic areas. The diagnosis initially considered Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), cerebral hemiatrophy syndrome, but imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis excluded AD and suggested fused-in-sarcoma-associated FTLD-FUS, a subtype of bvFTD.
Conclusions: Our case highlights that despite the lack of specific FUS biomarkers the combination of clinical features and neuroimaging biomarkers can guide choosing the most likely differential diagnosis in a complex neurological case.
A case report of occult echinococcus granulosus of the thighs
Authors: Zhou Ruixin , Zhao Qingbin , Zhou Wenzheng
Published: February 2024

Background: This study aimed to report a rare case of occult subcutaneous muscular encopresis of the thigh.
Case presentation: A 68-year-old female patient residing in Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County, mainly engaged in the wool processing industry. Her main complaint was "left thigh swelling for more than 3 years, pain and discomfort for 15 days" on November 9, 2023. She found that the left side of the thigh had swollen for more than 3 years; she had no pain, itching, ulceration, or other symptoms; her swelling gradually increased in size.
Modern Contraceptive Use Disparity Among Married Women Based on Regions of Indonesia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Misnaniarti Misnaniarti , Anjelina Marilda , Idris Haerawati
Published: February 2024

Background: Increasing modern contraceptive usage is one of the efforts to reduce population growth rates and maternal and infant mortalities. In Indonesia, prior research has not discussed the use of modern contraception by regions in the last decades. This study aimed to analyze differences in the use of modern contraception among married women by regions in Indonesia. Methods: Our study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study consisted of 25,661 married women selected from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS). These data were analyzed using the binary logistic regression statistical test and visualized through the QGIS application as a map of Indonesia. Results: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use in Indonesia was 61.2%. Mothers in the Kalimantan, Java-Bali, Sumatra, and Sulawesi regions had a higher chance of using modern contraception than mothers in the Papua region. The factors associated with the use of modern contraception in Indonesia vary significantly across all regions. Mother’s age, number of living children, and an ideal number of children were the general factors associated with the use of contraception in all regions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates wide variations in regional prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive use in Indonesia. Policies are needed by considering each region’s characteristics to reduce disparities between regions in using modern contraception.
Comparison of Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline to Intermittent Bolus Doses in the Management of Cerebral Edema: Time to reach the target serum sodium concentration.
Authors: Donepudi Bhargavi , Berger Andrea , Slampak-Cindric Angela , Challagundla Sankeerth , Mehta Yatin
Published: February 2024

Background:Hypertonic saline (HTS) is frequently used for prevention and management of cerebral edema in patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dosing of HTS remains variable. We compared efficacy of continuous infusion 3% hypertonic saline to intermittent bolus dosing in achieving target sodium concentration of ≥150 mmol/L.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 673 patient encounters admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or TBI requiring 3% HTS between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Patients were divided into three groups, who received continuous infusion of HTS (≥ 6 hours), who received intermittent boluses of 150 ml (≥ 3 doses) and who received combination therapy non-concurrently. The primary outcome was reaching the target sodium goal of ≥150 mmol/L and the median time required to reach the goal. Secondary outcomes were occurrences of hyperchloremia (chloride >115 mmol/L) and hypernatremia (sodium >155 mmol/L), hospital and ICU length of stay and inpatient mortality.
Results: About a quarter (26.9%) of intermittent bolus only encounters reached a sodium goal of ≥150 mmol/L compared to 52.6% of continuous infusion only and 74.3% of combination therapy group (p < .0001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for reaching the goal in continuous infusion group compared to intermittent bolus group was 2.94 (95% CI, 1.80-4.78; P < 0.0001). Among patients who reached the sodium goal, patients in the intermittent bolus only group reached it in a median (IQR) of 34.7 (19.7, 60.4) hours after HTS start, continuous infusion only patients reached it in a median (IQR) of 24.2 (17.0, 37.0) hours, and combination therapy group reached it in a median (IQR) of 28.7 (20.8, 41.6) hours. Increased occurrence of hypernatremia, hyperchloremia and in-patient mortality was noted in the continuous infusion group compared to intermittent bolus group.
Conclusions: Use of continuous infusion of HTS was superior to intermittent bolus strategy in achieving target sodium levels. Although target sodium levels were achieved sooner with continuous HTS, there were higher rates of hyperchloremia and overshoot hypernatremia when compared to intermittent bolus strategy.
Estimation of Air Temperature using Data Driven Techniques Based on Best Subset Regression Model in Semi-Arid Environment
Authors: Elbeltagi Ahmed , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Sushanth Kallem , Heddam Salim , Bhat Shakeel Ahmad , Gautam Vinay Kumar , Pande Chaitanya B. , Hussain Saddam , Ghosh Subhankar , Dehghanisanij Hossein , Salem Ali
Published: February 2024

Temperature considers one of the most important factors in the estimation of agricultural water requirements, hydrological processes and climate change studies. In order to determine the most accurate prediction model in a semi-arid environment for the daily minimum and maximum temperature (Tmax and Tmin), linear regression (LR), additive regression (AR), support vector machine (SVM), random subspace (RSS), the M5 pruned (M5P) models were compared in this study. Gharbia Governorate was selected as one of the most important governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, to conduct this work for the prediction of Tmax and Tmin daily. Datasets were collected from 1979 to 2014 and divided into 75% for training and 25% for testing. The best subset regression model was applied to select the model input combinations. Both minimum and maximum temperatures exhibit large magnitudes of the auto-correlation function (ACF) and partial auto-correlation function (PACF) for lag periods spanning from 1 to 8 days. In addition, as a result of the regression analysis, Tmax(t−1), Tmax(t−2), Tmax(t−3), Tmax(t−4), Tmax(t−5), Tmax(t−6), Tmax(t−8) variables showing the most appropriate statistical performance were determined as the most suitable model combination. Various statistical indicators and graphical approaches were used to select the most appropriate model. LR, M5P and SVM models outperformed the other two for minimum temperature prediction in all testing and cross-validation periods. The M5P model outperformed the LR and SVM models by effectively accommodating both high and low observed values. The M5P model outperformed the LR, AR, RSS, M5P and SVM models in predicting maximum temperatures. Compared to other models, the LR model closely emulated the performance of the M5P model in simulating maximum temperatures. The results of this study can assist decision-makers in water resource management, reservoir optimization, irrigation, and agricultural production activities.
Robust Defense against LRS Obfuscated DGAsthrough Domain-Specific Noise and Deep LearningAnalysis
Authors: Rizi Anthony , Yocam Eric , vaidyan varghese , wang yong
Published: February 2024

The identification of novel variations within Domain Generating Algorithm (DGA) families is crucial for the security of critical infrastructures. Despite existing research, the adaptability of techniques to diverse DGA manifestations, including Linear Recursive Sequence (LRS) modification, remains a major concern. To address this, this research proposes a comprehensive technique incorporating Damerau-Levenshtein Distance to enhance a Feedforward Neural Network (FNN). This technique offers insights into domain-specific noise, enhancing its applicability and robustness against sophisticated cyber adversaries. Systematic evaluation shows the technique's adaptability to diverse forms of noise, including domain-specific variations, promising applications in real-time threat detection and incident response.
The selection of Damerau-Levenshtein Distance is motivated by its ability to quantify minimal operations for transforming strings, providing valuable insights into structural similarities among DGA strings. The approach's adaptability to the dynamic nature of DGAs is emphasized, acknowledging its effectiveness depends on dataset characteristics. The research addresses the challenge of supporting multiple dataset families, each having distinct classes, highlighting the difficulties in managing diverse characteristics and nuances. With an accuracy rate of 94 percent, the technique proves its robustness and versatility for cybersecurity practitioners dealing with diverse cyber threats. The method's success in simultaneously supporting multiple dataset families positions it as a valuable asset for securing network infrastructures.
Revealing the Dynamic Influence of Clean Energy Consumption on Economic Sustainability in Pakistan: A Pathway to Sustainable Development
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Xiaoying Liu , Khan Anwar
Published: February 2024

Ensuring economic sustainability becomes a crucial consideration when examining the dynamic consequences of both clean and dirty energy consumption. This study seeks to analyze the influence of clean and dirty energy consumption, labor force, technological innovation, and capital formation on Pakistan's economic viability spanning from 1975 to 2022. To achieve this, we investigated these relationships utilizing a dynamic ARDL simulation model. The study findings indicate that clean energy consumption positively affects economic sustainability in both the short and long term. On the other hand, Dirty energy use has short-term benefits, it has long-term detrimental impacts on the viability of the economy. Although labor availability has a short-term negative impact on economic sustainability, it eventually loses significance. Economic sustainability is continuously enhanced by gross capital formation. To enhance economic sustainability, policymakers should prioritize the promotion of clean energy consumption because it constantly has a favorable effect over the long and short term. To reduce long-term drawbacks, a gradual switch from dirty energy is essential. Over time, labor development should change, and it's critical to promote capital formation. The aforementioned actions are intended to build a robust and sustainable future and strengthen Pakistan's economic sustainability.
Relationship between lipid levels, TyG, TyG-BMI index and hypertension in Tibetan population in Tibet, China based on restricted cubic spline model
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Gesang Pingcuo , Zhou Yaxi , Ding Kangzhi , Wan Yang , Xiong Hai
Published: February 2024

Background
To investigate the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and the risk of hypertension (HTN) in Tibetan population in Tibet, China.
Methods
From June 2020 to July 2023, a total of 5042 Tibetans aged 18 to 80 years from three cities and one region in Tibet were randomly sampled for the study. Logistic regression analysis models combined with restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between LDL-C, TC, TyG, TyG-BMI index, and HTN in the Tibetan population.
Results
(1) The prevalence of HTN in the Tibetan population in Tibet, China, was 32.35%, of which men were slightly higher than women. (2) Age, BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), uric acid (UA), TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, homocysteine (Hcy), TyG, and TyG-BMI were higher in HTN populations compared to non-HTN populations (P < 0.05). (3) The risk of HTN was increased in individuals with borderline elevated and elevated LDL-C, borderline elevated TC, the second(Q2), third(Q3), and fourth quartile groups(Q4) of TyG as well as the third(Q3) and fourth quartile groups(Q4) of TyG-BMI. The prevalence risk of HTN gradually increased with elevated levels of LDL-C, TC, TyG, and TyG-BMI (P trend < 0.001). (4) The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between LDL-C, TC, and TyG-BMI and the risk of developing HTN (P < 0.001, P Nonlinear<0.05), and a linear dose-response relationship between TyG and the risk of developing HTN (P < 0.001, P Nonlinear>0.05).
Conclusion
Higher LDL-C, TC, TyG, and TyG-BMI are risk factors for HTN in the Tibetan population of Tibet, China. Effective prevention can be achieved by controlling lipid and glucose indices.
Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Fournier’s Gangrene: A Retrospective Study of 35 Patients
Authors: Hong Han Bee , Lee Jeong Woo , Park Chan Hee
Published: February 2024

Background
Fournier's gangrene is a severe form of infectious necrotizing fasciitis affecting the perineum, perianal, and genital areas; it is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is important to identify prognostic factors that can predict clinical outcomes and guide treatment strategies. Thus, our study aimed to analyze patient characteristics and determine prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes in Fournier's gangrene.
Methods
This retrospective study involved examining medical records spanning 18 years for patients with Fournier's gangrene at our institution. Considering the exclusion criteria, data from 35 patients were included in this study.
Results
The mean age of the patients was similar between the survivor and non-survivor groups. The Charlson Comorbidity Index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were not significantly different between the two groups. Notably, the initial Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was significantly higher in the non-survivor group than that in the survivor group. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 17.1%. Moreover, the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacterial infection was markedly higher in the non-survivor group than that in the survivor group. Coagulation dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in the non-survivor group than that in the survivor group, and had the most significant impact on in-hospital mortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified multidrug resistant bacterial infection to be independently associated with high in-hospital mortality.
Conclusions
Coagulation dysfunction and multidrug resistant bacterial infection were identified as independent negative prognostic factors, highlighting the need for prompt monitoring and proactive strategies against Fournier’s gangrene.
Outcome quality and treatment efficacy of early class II elastics compared to late class II elastics
Authors: Sayahpour Babak , Eslami Sara , Guderian Robert , Kopp Stefan , Stuhlfelder Jakob , Plein Nicolas , Grassia Vincenzo , Nucci Ludovica
Published: February 2024

Introduction: class II elastics are widely used treatment modalities in correction of class II malocclusion. Class II elastics are traditionally used in combination with multibracket appliances after completion of the initial leveling phase. The use of early short and light class II elastics on initial leveling wires has been advocated to reduce the treatment time and increase the treatment efficiency. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the outcome quality and treatment efficiency of early class II elastics compared to late class II elastics using the PAR index. Materials and Methods: Patient records from September 2005 until April 2017 in the archive of the university of Frankfurt have been sighted to generate data for this retrospective study. Patients with class II malocclusion undergoing a treatment with multibracket appliance after their peak of growth were included in the study. 16 Patients were included in the group IEA (early class II elastics) and 21 were allocated to the group IEL (late class II elastics). The peer assessment rating index (PAR) was used to assess the treatment outcome in each group. Results: Both early and late class II elastics showed great improvement of the occlusal traits in the patients. However, the treatment duration was significantly shorter in group IEA, showing the higher efficiency of early class II elastics. Conclusion: Incorporation of early class II elastics on the initial leveling archwires can increase the treatment efficiency without compromising the occlusal outcome of the treatment. The authors recommend the use of short and light elastics in the initial stages of the treatment. Since early class II elastics were first described scientifically in our study, further studies and especially prospective ones should be performed.
Multi-Sequence MRI Based Radiomics Nomogram for Prediction Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Thymic Epithelial Tumor
Authors: Shen Jie , Li Shuke , Zhang Lantian , Mu Xiaofei , Wu Feiyun , Zhang Wei , Yu Yue , He Jing , Gao Wen
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapy is increasingly being utilized in the management of thymic epithelial tumors (TET). High expression levels of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been observed in TET, suggesting their potential as prognostic indicators for disease progression and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in TET. We propose that the utilization of quantitative imaging biomarkers could potentially serve as an alternative surrogate for predicting the PD-L1 expression status in clinical decision-making assistance. A total of 124 patients with pathologically confirmed TET (57 PD-L1 positive, 67 PD-L1 negative) were retrospectively enrolled and allocated into training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat suppression, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map images to establish a radiomics signature in the training cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a combined radiomics nomogram that incorporated clinical, conventional MR features, or ADC model for evaluation purposes. The performance of each model was compared using receiver operating characteristics analysis, while discrimination, calibration, and clinical efficiency of the combined radiomics nomogram were assessed. The radiomics signature, consisting of four features, demonstrated a favorable ability to predict and differentiate between PD-L1 positive and negative TET patients. The combined radiomics nomogram, which incorporates the peri-cardial invasion sign, ADC value, WHO classification, and radiomics signature, showed excellent performance (training cohort: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.903; validation cohorts: AUC = 0.894). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical usefulness of this combined model. The decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical utility of the integrated radiomics nomogram. The radiomics signature serves as a valuable tool for predicting the PD-L1 status of TET patients. Furthermore, the integration of radiomics nomogram enhances the personalized prediction capability.
Effect of immediate initiation of invasive ventilation on mortality in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a target trial emulation
Authors: Mellado-Artigas Ricard , Borrat Xavier , Ferreyro Bruno L , Yarnell Christopher , Hao Sicheng , Wanis Kerollos N , Barbeta Enric , Torres Antoni , Ferrando Carlos , Brochard Laurent
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
Invasive ventilation is a fundamental treatment in intensive care but its precise timing is difficult to determine. This study aims at assessing the effect of initiating invasive ventilation versus waiting, in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure without immediate reason for intubation on one-year mortality.
Methods:
Emulation of a target trial to estimate the benefit of immediately initiating invasive ventilation in hypoxemic respiratory failure, versus waiting, among patients within the first 48-hours of hypoxemia. The eligible population included non-intubated patients with SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 and SpO2 ≤97%. The target trial was emulated using the MIMIC-IV database which contains granular information about clinical status. The hourly probability to receive mechanical ventilation was continuously estimated. The hazard ratios for the primary outcome, one-year mortality, and the secondary outcome, 30-day mortality, were estimated using weighted Cox models with stabilized inverse probability weights used to adjust for measured confounding.
Results:
2996 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of whom 792 were intubated within 48 hours. Among the non-invasive support devices, the use of oxygen through facemask was the most common (75%). Compared to patients with the same probability of intubation but who were not intubated, intubation decreased the hazard of dying for the first year after ICU admission (HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.68–0.96, p = 0.018). Intubation was associated with a 30-day mortality HR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.64–0.99, p = 0.046).
Conclusion:
The initiation of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure reduced the hazard of dying in this emulation of a target trial.
Transcriptome analysis of Chinese cabbage at the initial stage of Plasmodiophora brassicae infection
Authors: Wang Huihui , Zhang Jing , Wang Yilian , Fang Bing , Ji Ruiqin , Ge Wenjie , Wang Xinlei , Zou Jiawei
Published: February 2024

Clubroot disease is a widespread disease in China caused by the infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae), which significantly reduces the yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). However, the molecular mechanism of Chinese cabbage’s resistance to clubroot dis-ease is still unclear. So, it is important to study the differentially expressed genes at the initial stage of P. brassicaeinfection. In this study, it was found that zoospores were firstly invaded hair roots on the 8th day after inoculating with 1×107 spores/mL P. brassicae. Transcriptome analysis found that the early interaction between Chinese cabbage and P. brassicae caused significant expression change of some genes, such as NBS-LRRs, pathogenesis-related protein, etc, which was verified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Among them, we also found that peroxidase (POD), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) may be important signal molecules in the resistance to P. brassicaeinfection in Chinese cabbage. This study provides important clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of resistance to clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage.
­Decametric-scale buffering of climate extremes in forest understory within a riparian microrefugia: the key role of microtopography
Authors: Ogee Jerome , Walbott Marion , Barbeta Adrià , Corcket Emmanuel , Brunet Yves
Published: February 2024

Riparian corridors often act as low-land climate refugia for temperate tree species in their southern distribution range. A plausible mechanism is the buffering of regional climate extremes by local physiographic and biotic factors. We tested this idea using a 3-year-long microclimate dataset collected along the Ciron river, a refugia for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in southwestern France. Across the whole network, canopy gap fraction was the main predictor for spatial microclimatic variations, together with two other landscape features (elevation above the river and woodland fraction within a 300m radius). However, within the riparian forest only (canopy gap fraction < 25%, distance to the river < 150m), variations of up to -4°C and + 15% in summertime daily maximum air temperature and minimum relative humidity, respectively, were still found from the plateau to the cooler, moister river banks, only ~ 5-10m below. Elevation above the river was then identified as the main predictor, and explained the marked variations from the plateau to the banks much better than canopy gap fraction. The microclimate measured near the river is as cool but moister than the macroclimate encountered at 700-1000m asl further east in F. sylvatica's main distribution range. Indeed, at all locations, we found that air relative humidity was higher than expected from a temperature-only effect, suggesting that extra moisture is brought by the river. Our results explain well why beech trees in this climate refugium are restricted to the river gorges where microtopographic variations are the strongest and canopy gaps are rare.