bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers for the dispersion of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous media
Authors: Iatridi Zacharoula , Georgiadou Violetta , Menelaou Melita , Dendrinou-Samara Catherine , Bokias Georgios
Published: March 2014

Oleylamine-coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were successfully encapsulated into hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers. The resulting hydrophilic nanohybrids exhibit promising r2-relaxivity properties.
Renewable hydrogen generation from a dual-circuit redox flow battery
Authors: Amstutz Véronique , Toghill Kathryn E. , Powlesland Francis , Vrubel Heron , Comninellis Christos , Hu Xile , Girault Hubert H.
Published: March 2014

From junk electricity to hydrogen.
Hypoxia reduces and redirects selenoprotein biosynthesis
Authors: Becker Niels-Peter , Martitz Janine , Renko Kostja , Stoedter Mette , Hybsier Sandra , Cramer Thorsten , Schomburg Lutz
Published: March 2014

In hypoxia, selenoprotein biosynthesis becomes redirected in favor of the essentially needed GPX4, thereby preventing the fast activation of cell-death pathways.
Point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring of intravenously delivered drugs via tubing with an integrated SERS sensor
Authors: Wu Hsin-Yu , Cunningham Brian T.
Published: March 2014

We demonstrate a commercially viable approach for detection and identification of drugs flowing within IV tubing, through the use of a plasmonic nanodome array (PNA) SERS surface that was integrated with a miniature plastic flow cell that operated in-line with ordinary IV tubing.
Fabrication of large-scale single-crystal bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanosheet arrays by a single-step electrolysis process
Authors: Tsai Hung-Wei , Wang Tsang-Hsiu , Chan Tsung-Cheng , Chen Pei-Ju , Chung Chih-Chun , Yaghoubi Alireza , Liao Chien-Neng , Diau Eric Wei-Guang , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: March 2014

Nanolizing of thermoelectric materials is one approach to reduce the thermal conductivity and hence enhance the figure of merit.
Bottom-up synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets for ultrafast lithium storage
Authors: Tian Lei-Lei , Wei Xian-Yong , Zhuang Quan-Chao , Jiang Chen-Hui , Wu Chao , Ma Guang-Yao , Zhao Xing , Zong Zhi-Min , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: March 2014

Nitrogen-doped graphene sheets were fabricated by a bottom-up method and superior rate capability for lithium storage was achieved.
Multi-level control of conductive nano-filament evolution in HfO2 ReRAM by pulse-train operations
Authors: Zhao L. , Chen H.-Y. , Wu S.-C. , Jiang Z. , Yu S. , Hou T.-H. , Wong H.-S. Philip , Nishi Y.
Published: March 2014

Improved multi-level control of conductive nano-filaments in HfO2 ReRAM was achieved by pulse-train operations, which shed light on resistive-switching mechanisms.
Silicon nanoparticles as Raman scattering enhancers
Authors: Rodriguez I. , Shi L. , Lu X. , Korgel B. A. , Alvarez-Puebla R. A. , Meseguer F.
Published: March 2014

Raman signal enhancement induced by silicon nanoparticles.
Direct olefination of benzaldehydes into 1,3-diarylpropenes via a copper-catalyzed heterodomino Knoevenagel-decarboxylation-Csp3-H activation sequence
Authors: Zhao Yaping , Sun Lu , Zeng Tieqiang , Wang Jiayi , Peng Yanqing , Song Gonghua
Published: March 2014

Copper-catalyzed direct olefination of benzaldehydes into unsymmetrical 1,3-diarylpropenes by a novel domino Knoevenagel-decarboxylation-Csp3-H activation sequence using simpler substrates like benzaldehydes.
An enantioselective strategy for the total synthesis of (S)-tylophorine via catalytic asymmetric allylation and a one-pot DMAP-promoted isocyanate formation/Lewis acid catalyzed cyclization sequence
Authors: Su Bo , Zhang Hui , Deng Meng , Wang Qingmin
Published: March 2014

A novel total synthesis of (S)-tylophorine is reported, featuring asymmetric allylation and cascade isocyanate formation and cyclization.
Facile synthesis of enol ethers via Zn(OTf)2-mediated formal alkyne hydration-Smiles rearrangement
Authors: Chew Xinying , Lin Yuhan , Lim Yee Hwee
Published: March 2014

Terminal alkynes can be chemoselectively transformed into enol ethers via a formal tandem Markovnikov hydration-Smiles type rearrangement using Zn(OTf)2.
Identification of features associated with plant cell wall recalcitrance to pretreatment by alkaline hydrogen peroxide in diverse bioenergy feedstocks using glycome profiling
Authors: Li Muyang , Pattathil Sivakumar , Hahn Michael G. , Hodge David B.
Published: March 2014

Glycome profiling was used to provide insight into the structural basis for how a mild alkaline-oxidative pretreatment may impact the composition and structural organization of the cell walls taxonomically diverse plants.
Band gap engineering of CeO2nanostructure using an electrochemically active biofilm for visible light applications
Authors: Ansari Sajid Ali , Khan Mohammad Mansoob , Ansari Mohd Omaish , Kalathil Shafeer , Lee Jintae , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: March 2014

An electrochemically active biofilm was utilized for modification of CeO2nanostructures.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel metronidazole derivatives as selective and potent JAK3 inhibitors
Authors: Sang Ya-Li , Duan Yong-Tao , Qiu Han-Yue , Wang Peng-Fei , Makawana Jigar A. , Wang Zhong-Chang , Zhu Hai-Liang , He Zhen-Xiang
Published: March 2014

Two series of novel metronidazole derivatives as potential inhibitors targeting JAK have been designed, synthesized and their biological activities were also evaluated.
Novel photochromic and electrochromic diarylethenes bearing triphenylamine units
Authors: Jin Huiyi , Tian Jianhua , Wang Shirong , Tan Tingfeng , Xiao Yin , Li Xianggao
Published: March 2014

Novel diarylethenes containing triphenylamine units have been synthesized and characterized, and possessed both photochromic and electrochromic properties.
Chlorine-free processed high performance organic solar cells
Authors: Synooka O. , Eberhardt K.-R. , Hoppe H.
Published: March 2014

In this work, we demonstrate the successful replacement of a chlorinated solvent system based on a 1 : 1 mixture of chlorobenzene andortho-dichlorobenzene with the chlorine-free solvent xylene, resulting in chlorine-free processing with a small amount of diiodooctane additive. In fact, the overall power conversion efficiency is improved from 6.71% for the chlorinated solvents to 7.15% for the chlorine-free solventm-xylene.
A thin all-elastomeric capacitive pressure sensor array based on micro-contact printed elastic conductors
Authors: Woo Su-Jeong , Kong Jeong-Ho , Kim Dae-Gon , Kim Jong-Man
Published: March 2014

A highly elastic skin-like capacitive pressure sensor array ensuring electrical and mechanical robustness based on a thin all-elastomeric platform is presented.
Classroom-Based Narrative and Vocabulary Instruction: Results of an Early-Stage, Nonrandomized Comparison Study
Authors: Gillam Sandra Laing , Olszewski Abbie , Fargo Jamison , Gillam Ronald B.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

This nonrandomized feasibility study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the impact of a narrative and vocabulary instruction program provided by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a regular classroom setting.

Method

Forty-three children attending 2 first-grade classrooms participated in the study. Children in each classroom were divided into high- and low-risk subgroups on the basis of their performance on a narrative test. Narrative and vocabulary instruction was provided by an SLP in 1 classroom for three 30-min periods per week for 6 weeks.

Results

The children in the experimental classroom made clinically significant improvements on narrative and vocabulary measures; children in the comparison classroom did not. Within the experimental classroom, children in the high-risk subgroup demonstrated greater gains in narration and fewer gains in vocabulary than children in the low-risk subgroup. There were no subgroup differences in the comparison classroom.

Conclusion

These preliminary results provide early evidence of the feasibility of implementing a narrative instruction program in a classroom setting. Children at a high risk for language difficulties appeared to profit more from the narrative instruction than from the embedded vocabulary instruction. More extensive research on this instructional program is warranted.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170276
Toy Talk: Simple Strategies to Create Richer Grammatical Input
Authors: Hadley Pamela A. , Walsh Kathleen M.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this initial feasibility study was to determine whether brief instruction in toy talk would change grammatical properties of adult language, specifically 3rd person lexical noun phrase (NP) subjects.

Method

Eighteen college students participated in the study. The use of 3rd person subjects was examined before and after instruction on toy talk strategies (i.e.,
talk about the toys, give the item its name
). Change in the input informativeness for tense (i.e., the proportion of verb forms marked for tense out of all verb forms) was also examined, although adults were not instructed on use of tense/agreement morphemes.

Results

Following instruction, statistically significant increases with large effect sizes were observed for use of 3rd person subjects, lexical NP subjects, and input informativeness for tense (Cohen's
d
= 1.20, 2.08, and 0.89, respectively).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that young adults can learn these simple strategies with relatively brief instruction, and the use of toy talk also changes the richness of tense/agreement marking in adult language input. Considerations for incorporating toy talk into existing language modeling practices and future plans for evaluating the efficacy of toy talk are discussed.
Load parameter waveforms improvement of a stand‐alone wind‐based energy storage system and Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic algorithm
Authors: Kassem Ahmed M. , Zaid S.A.
Published: March 2014

The application of the Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy approach for voltage and frequency control of an isolated wind turbine (WT) system with variable‐speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a system for storing energy during wind speed and load variations is investigated. Energy storage systems are needed for power balance and power quality in autonomous wind energy systems. Initially, the holistic model of the entire system is achieved, including the PMSG, the uncontrolled rectifier, the buck converter and the storage system. The power absorbed by the connected loads can be effectively delivered and supplied by the proposed WT and energy storage systems, subject to TS‐fuzzy control. The main purpose is to supply 230‐V/50‐Hz through a three‐phase inverter. The performance of the proposed system is compared with the system without storage system. Moreover, the proposed system performance with the TS‐fuzzy control is compared with the conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. The simulation results show that the proposed system with the TS‐fuzzy controller has good prediction of the electrical parameter waveforms compared with the case of absence of the storage system and the conventional PID controller.
Wide magnetic field range of Ni-P/PZT/Ni-P cylindrical layered magnetoelectric composites
Authors: Pan D. A. , Wang J. , Zuo Z. J. , Zhang S. G. , Qiao L. J. , Volinsky A. A.
Published: March 2014

The Ni-P/PZT/Ni-P cylindrical layered magnetoelectric (ME) composites were prepared by electroless deposition. The Ni-P layer has an amorphous nanocrystalline structure. The ME effect in the axial mode of the Ni-P/PZT/Ni-P cylindrical layered composites is similar to that of Ni/PZT/Ni. The Ni-P/PZT/Ni-P composite has lower bias magnetic field of 120 Oe to induce a maximum αE,A and 0.5 kOe to generate αE,A linear increase at the resonance frequency, which may be related to the high permeability of the Ni-P layer. This discovery contributes to the ME devices miniaturization and expands the magnetic field detection range at both low and high magnetic fields.
A resonant sensor composed of quartz double ended tuning fork and silicon substrate for digital acceleration measurement
Authors: Li Cun , Zhao Yulong , Cheng Rongjun , Yu Zhongliang , Liu Yan
Published: March 2014

Presented in this paper is a micro-resonant acceleration sensor based on the frequency shift of quartz double ended tuning fork (DETF). The structure is silicon substrate having a proof mass supported by two parallel flexure hinges as doubly sustained cantilever, with a resonating DETF located between the hinges. The acceleration normal to the chip plane induces an axial stress in the DETF beam and, in turn, a proportional shift in the beam resonant frequency. Substrate is manufactured by single-crystal silicon for stable mechanical properties and batch-fabrication processes. Electrodes on the four surfaces of DETF beam excite anti-phase vibration model, to balance inner stress and torque and imply a high quality factor. The sensor is simply packaged and operates unsealed in atmosphere for measurements. The tested natural frequency is 36.9 kHz and the sensitivity is 21 Hz/g on a nominally ±100 g device, which is in good agreement with analytical calculation and finite element simulation. The output frequency drifting is less than 0.5 Hz (0.0014% of steady output) within 1 h. The nonlinearity is 0.0019%FS and hysteresis is 0.0026%FS. The testing results confirm the feasibility of combining quartz DETF and silicon substrate to achieve a micro-resonant sensor based on simple processing for digital acceleration measurements.
Evanescent field: A potential light-tool for theranostics application
Authors: Polley Nabarun , Singh Soumendra , Giri Anupam , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: March 2014

A noninvasive or minimally invasive optical approach for theranostics, which would reinforce diagnosis, treatment, and preferably guidance simultaneously, is considered to be major challenge in biomedical instrument design. In the present work, we have developed an evanescent field-based fiber optic strategy for the potential theranostics application in hyperbilirubinemia, an increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood and is a potential cause of permanent brain damage or even death in newborn babies. Potential problem of bilirubin deposition on the hydroxylated fiber surface at physiological pH (7.4), that masks the sensing efficacy and extraction of information of the pigment level, has also been addressed. Removal of bilirubin in a blood-phantom (hemoglobin and human serum albumin) solution from an enhanced level of 77 μM/l (human jaundice >50 μM/l) to ∼30 μM/l (normal level ∼25 μM/l in human) using our strategy has been successfully demonstrated. In a model experiment using chromatography paper as a mimic of biological membrane, we have shown efficient degradation of the bilirubin under continuous monitoring for guidance of immediate/future course of action.
Novel achromatic single reflection quarter-wave retarder: Design and measurement
Authors: Veiras F. E. , Raffa G. , Caré D. , Perez L. I. , Garea M. T.
Published: March 2014

In this work, we present an achromatic quarter-wave retarder whose design is based upon the reflection properties of an isotropic-anisotropic interface. In theory, it is possible to obtain a π/2 phase shift by means of a total internal reflection at an isotropic-isotropic interface. However, in order to achieve such a phase shift, it is necessary to use a medium with a particularly high refractive index. We have previously shown that these phase shifts can be achieved by means of a total internal reflection in an isotropic-uniaxial interface, which allows the use of smaller refractive index media. By means of this property, we designed, built, and characterized a novel quarter-wave retarder that makes it possible to obtain circularly polarized light from a linear polarization state. We developed some guidelines that allowed us to obtain a device of competitive performance, low cost, and manageable manufacture.
An environment-dependent semi-empirical tight binding model suitable for electron transport in bulk metals, metal alloys, metallic interfaces, and metallic nanostructures. I. Model and validation
Authors: Hegde Ganesh , Povolotskyi Michael , Kubis Tillmann , Boykin Timothy , Klimeck Gerhard
Published: March 2014

Semi-empirical Tight Binding (TB) is known to be a scalable and accurate atomistic representation for electron transport for realistically extended nano-scaled semiconductor devices that might contain millions of atoms. In this paper, an environment-aware and transferable TB model suitable for electronic structure and transport simulations in technologically relevant metals, metallic alloys, metal nanostructures, and metallic interface systems are described. Part I of this paper describes the development and validation of the new TB model. The new model incorporates intra-atomic diagonal and off-diagonal elements for implicit self-consistency and greater transferability across bonding environments. The dependence of the on-site energies on strain has been obtained by appealing to the Moments Theorem that links closed electron paths in the system to energy moments of angular momentum resolved local density of states obtained ab initio. The model matches self-consistent density functional theory electronic structure results for bulk face centered cubic metals with and without strain, metallic alloys, metallic interfaces, and metallic nanostructures with high accuracy and can be used in predictive electronic structure and transport problems in metallic systems at realistically extended length scales.
Study on space charge effect in an electrostatic ion analyzer applied to measure laser produced ions
Authors: Jin Q. Y. , Zhao H. Y. , Sha S. , Zhang J. J. , Li Zh. M. , Liu W. , Zhang X. Zh. , Sun L. T. , Zhao H. W.
Published: March 2014

The abundance of different ions produced by laser ion sources is usually analyzed by an electrostatic ion analyzer (EIA). Ion current intensities in the range of several mA/cm2 at the position of the EIA have been achieved from the laser ion source developed by the Institute of Modern Physics; this indicates that a noticeable influence of space charge effect during the ion transmission will occur. Hence, while the parameters of the EIA or the beams are changed, such as ion species, current intensity, the ions’ transmission efficiency through the EIA is different, which will result in an uncertainty in the estimation of the ions’ yields. Special attention is focused on this issue in this paper. Ion's transmissions through the EIA under different circumstances are studied with simulations and experiments, the results of which are consistent with each other.
Polar nanoregions in water: A study of the dielectric properties of TIP4P/2005, TIP4P/2005f and TTM3F
Authors: Elton D. C. , Fernández-Serra M.-V.
Published: March 2014

We present a critical comparison of the dielectric properties of three models of water—TIP4P/2005, TIP4P/2005f, and TTM3F. Dipole spatial correlation is measured using the distance dependent Kirkwood function along with one-dimensional and two-dimensional dipole correlation functions. We find that the introduction of flexibility alone does not significantly affect dipole correlation and only affects ɛ(ω) at high frequencies. By contrast the introduction of polarizability increases dipole correlation and yields a more accurate ɛ(ω). Additionally, the introduction of polarizability creates temperature dependence in the dipole moment even at fixed density, yielding a more accurate value for dɛ/dT compared to non-polarizable models. To better understand the physical origin of the dielectric properties of water we make analogies to the physics of polar nanoregions in relaxor ferroelectric materials. We show that ɛ(ω, T) and τD(T) for water have striking similarities with relaxor ferroelectrics, a class of materials characterized by large frequency dispersion in ɛ(ω, T), Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann behaviour in τD(T), and the existence of polar nanoregions.
Breathing dynamics based parameter sensitivity analysis of hetero-polymeric DNA
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta , Sen Shrabani , Chakraborti Prantik , Metzler Ralf , Banik Suman K. , Chaudhury Pinaki
Published: March 2014

We study the parameter sensitivity of hetero-polymeric DNA within the purview of DNA breathing dynamics. The degree of correlation between the mean bubble size and the model parameters is estimated for this purpose for three different DNA sequences. The analysis leads us to a better understanding of the sequence dependent nature of the breathing dynamics of hetero-polymeric DNA. Out of the 14 model parameters for DNA stability in the statistical Poland-Scheraga approach, the hydrogen bond interaction \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\epsilon _{hb}(\mathtt {AT})$\end{document}εhb(AT) for an \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathtt {AT}$\end{document}AT base pair and the ring factor ξ turn out to be the most sensitive parameters. In addition, the stacking interaction \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\epsilon _{st}(\mathtt {TA}\text{-}\mathtt {TA})$\end{document}εst(TA-TA) for an \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathtt {TA}\text{-}\mathtt {TA}$\end{document}TA-TA nearest neighbor pair of base-pairs is found to be the most sensitive one among all stacking interactions. Moreover, we also establish that the nature of stacking interaction has a deciding effect on the DNA breathing dynamics, not the number of times a particular stacking interaction appears in a sequence. We show that the sensitivity analysis can be used as an effective measure to guide a stochastic optimization technique to find the kinetic rate constants related to the dynamics as opposed to the case where the rate constants are measured using the conventional unbiased way of optimization.
A new comprehensive model to simulate the restructured power market for seasonal price signals by considering on the wind resources
Authors: Askari M. T. , Ab Kadir M. Z. A. , Hizam H. , Jasni J.
Published: March 2014

Generation expansion planning requires simulating the medium term power market. This can be done based on electricity price signals in the power market. The market clearing price is one of the most important factors to determine the incremental rate of private investor's profit. When calculating this parameter, the planners encounter greater uncertainties in a restructured power market than in a centralized market. This can be critical when renewable energies participate in this type of electricity market. In this study, the scenario based method is used to model a wind power plant in the restructured power market. The hourly output of the wind turbine generators is simulated based on a hybrid Auto Regressive and Moving Average-Monte Carlo method. Each scenario of the wind power plant as well as its occurrence probability is determined based on a data mining technique. Then, a new comprehensive model for the restructured power market is proposed to maximize the profit of investors as well as to determine the market clearing price by considering stochastic and rational uncertainties. The stochastic uncertainties include the demand and fuel price that are modelled by using the Monte-Carlo method. The Nash equilibrium in the rational uncertainty as a strategic behaviour of players in the power market is determined by using the Cournot game. The effect of the CO2 tax rate and the bilateral contract are investigated in this study. Finally, the model is implemented in a test power market. According to the findings, this model can be used as a robust and comprehensive model to determine the market clearing price which can be applied for capacity expansion planning.
Ferromagnetism and topological surface states of manganese doped Bi2Te3: Insights from density-functional calculations
Authors: Li Yuanchang , Zou Xiaolong , Li Jia , Zhou Gang
Published: March 2014

Based on first-principles calculations, the electronic, magnetic, and topological characters of manganese (Mn) doped topological insulator Bi2Te3 were investigated. The Mn substitutionally doped Bi2Te3, where Mn atoms tend to be uniformly distributed, was shown to be p-type ferromagnetic, arising from hole-mediated Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction. Mn doping leads to an intrinsic band splitting at Γ point, which is substantially different from that of nonmagnetic dopant. The topological surface state of Bi2Te3 is indeed gapped by Mn doping; however, the bulk conductance limits the appearance of an insulating state. Moreover, the n-type doping behavior of Bi2Te3 is derived from Mn entering into the van der Waals gap of Bi2Te3.
Synchrotron radiation, pair production, and longitudinal electron motion during 10-100 PW laser solid interactions
Authors: Brady C. S. , Ridgers C. P. , Arber T. D. , Bell A. R.
Published: March 2014

At laser intensities above 1023 W/cm2, the interaction of a laser with a plasma is qualitatively different to the interactions at lower intensities. In this intensity regime, solid targets start to become relativistically underdense, gamma-ray production by synchrotron emission starts to become an important feature of the dynamics and, at even higher intensities, electron-positron pair production by the non-linear Breit-Wheeler process starts to occur. In this paper, an analysis is presented of the effects of target density, laser intensity, target preplasma properties, and other parameters on the conversion efficiency, spectrum, and angular distribution of gamma-rays by synchrotron emission. An analysis of the importance of Breit-Wheeler pair production is also presented. Target electron densities between 1022 cm−3 and 5 × 1024 cm−3 and laser intensities covering the range between 1021 W/cm2 (available with current generation laser facilities) and 1024 W/cm2 (upper intensity range expected from the ELI facility are considered. Results are explained in terms of the behaviour of the head of the laser pulse as it interacts with the target.
Influence of the crystal structure of thin Co films on X-ray magnetic linear dichroism—Comparison of ab initio theory and reflectometry experiments
Authors: Legut D. , Tesch M. F. , Mertins H.-Ch. , Gilbert M. C. , Jansing C. , Bürgler D. E. , Schneider C. M. , Gaupp A. , Hamrle J. , Oppeneer P. M.
Published: March 2014

We report an investigation of the influence of the crystal structure of Co thin films on the X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) spectrum. We compare XMLD spectra measured in reflection at the 3p-edges for two distinct orientations of the magnetization in the crystalline Co film with ab initio calculated spectra. The latter was computed for the face-centered cubic as well as the hexagonal-close packed crystal structures of Co. We find that the XMLD signal is strongly dependent on the magnetization direction with respect to the crystal axes as well as strongly influenced by the crystal structure.
Note: Electrostatic detection of stainless steel dust particles for fusion applications
Authors: Landy P. , Skinner C. H. , Schneider H.
Published: March 2014

Dust accumulation inside next-step fusion devices poses a significant safety concern and dust diagnostics will be needed to assure safe operations. An electrostatic dust detection device has been successfully demonstrated in the National Spherical Torus Experiment, Tore Supra, and the Large Helical Device, and the detector's response to carbon particles was previously characterized in laboratory experiments. This paper presents laboratory results showing that detection of stainless steel particles at levels as low as several μg/cm2 is also possible.
Maskless direct laser writing with visible light: Breaking through the optical resolving limit with cooperative manipulations of nonlinear reverse saturation absorption and thermal diffusion
Authors: Wei Jingsong , Wang Rui
Published: March 2014

In this work, the resolving limit of maskless direct laser writing is overcome by cooperative manipulation from nonlinear reverse saturation absorption and thermal diffusion, where the nonlinear reverse saturation absorption can induce the formation of below diffraction-limited energy absorption spot, and the thermal diffusion manipulation can make the heat quantity at the central region of energy absorption spot propagate along the thin film thickness direction. The temperature at the central region of energy absorption spot transiently reaches up to melting point and realizes nanolithography. The sample “glass substrate/AgInSbTe” is prepared, where AgInSbTe is taken as nonlinear reverse saturation absorption thin film. The below diffraction-limited energy absorption spot is simulated theoretically and verified experimentally by near-field spot scanning method. The “glass substrate/Al/AgInSbTe” sample is prepared, where the Al is used as thermal conductive layer to manipulate the thermal diffusion channel because the thermal diffusivity coefficient of Al is much larger than that of AgInSbTe. The direct laser writing is conducted by a setup with a laser wavelength of 650 nm and a converging lens of NA=0.85, the lithographic marks with a size of about 100 nm are obtained, and the size is only about 1/10 the incident focused spot. The experimental results indicate that the cooperative manipulation from nonlinear reverse saturation absorption and thermal diffusion is a good method to realize nanolithography in maskless direct laser writing with visible light.
Zoned near-zero refractive index fishnet lens antenna: Steering millimeter waves
Authors: Pacheco-Peña V. , Orazbayev B. , Beaskoetxea U. , Beruete M. , Navarro-Cía M.
Published: March 2014

A zoned fishnet metamaterial lens is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated at millimeter wavelengths to work as a negative near-zero refractive index lens suitable for compact lens antenna configurations. At the design frequency f = 56.7 GHz (λ0 = 5.29 mm), the zoned fishnet metamaterial lens, designed to have a focal length FL = 9λ0, exhibits a refractive index n = −0.25. The focusing performance of the diffractive optical element is briefly compared with that of a non-zoned fishnet metamaterial lens and an isotropic homogeneous zoned lens made of a material with the same refractive index. Experimental and numerically-computed radiation diagrams of the fabricated zoned lens are presented and compared in detail with that of a simulated non-zoned lens. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, demonstrating an enhancement generated by the zoned lens of 10.7 dB, corresponding to a gain of 12.26 dB. Moreover, beam steering capability of the structure by shifting the feeder on the xz-plane is demonstrated.
Size and alloying induced shift in core and valence bands of Pd-Ag and Pd-Cu nanoparticles
Authors: Sengar Saurabh K. , Mehta B. R. , Govind
Published: March 2014

In this report, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies have been carried out on Pd, Ag, Cu, Pd-Ag, and Pd-Cu nanoparticles having identical sizes corresponding to mobility equivalent diameters of 60, 40, and 20 nm. The nanoparticles were prepared by the gas phase synthesis method. The effect of size on valence and core levels in metal and alloy nanoparticles has been studied by comparing the values to those with the 60 nm nanoparticles. The effect of alloying has been investigated by comparing the valence and core level binding energies of Pd-Cu and Pd-Ag alloy nanoparticles with the corresponding values for Pd, Ag, and Cu nanoparticles of identical sizes. These effects have been explained in terms of size induced lattice contractions, alloying induced charge transfer, and hybridization effects. The observation of alloying and size induced binding energy shifts in bimetallic nanoparticles is important from the point of view of hydrogen reactivity.
Angle-independent colorization of copper surfaces by simultaneous generation of picosecond-laser-induced nanostructures and redeposited nanoparticles
Authors: Fan Peixun , Zhong Minlin , Li Lin , Schmitz Patrick , Lin Cheng , Long Jiangyou , Zhang Hongjun
Published: March 2014

The simultaneous generation of nanostructures and redeposited nanoparticles on copper surfaces through their direct ablation in air by a high power and high repetition rate ps laser was demonstrated. Basic and detailed analysis on the formation and the size distribution of nanoparticles spreading over the nanostructured copper surfaces was performed. Lower scanning speed causes more laser pulse input onto the target surface, resulting in a more dense distribution of the nanoparticles with a nearly constant mean radius. The changes in the particle distribution render the copper surfaces to unique reflection spectra responses and surface colors, which are independent of the viewing angles. The present research can pave the way for the practical applications of ps laser in generating nanoparticles on metal surfaces and tailoring their optical properties.
An efficient atomistic quantum mechanical simulation on InAs band-to-band tunneling field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Zhi , Jiang Xiang-Wei , Li Shu-Shen , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: March 2014

We have presented a fully atomistic quantum mechanical simulation method on band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) field-effect transistors (FETs). Our simulation approach is based on the linear combination of bulk band method with empirical pseudopotentials, which is an atomist method beyond the effective-mass approximation or k.p perturbation method, and can be used to simulate real-size devices (∼105 atoms) efficiently (∼5 h on a few computational cores). Using this approach, we studied the InAs dual-gate BTBT FETs. The I-V characteristics from our approach agree very well with the tight-binding non-equilibrium Green's function results, yet our method costs much less computationally. In addition, we have studied ways to increase the tunneling current and analyzed the effects of different mechanisms for that purpose.
Crystallization behavior in Se90Te10 and Se80Te20 thin films
Authors: Barták Jaroslav , Málek Jirí , Koštál Petr , Segawa Hiroyo , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko
Published: March 2014

Isothermal crystal growth kinetics in Se90Te10 and Se80Te20 thin films was studied by microscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The spherulite-like crystals grew linearly with time. In a narrow temperature range of between 65 and 85 °C, crystal growth rates exhibit simple exponential behavior with activation energies EG = 193 ± 4 kJ mol−1 for Se90Te10 and EG = 195 ± 4 kJ mol−1 for Se80Te20. The crystal growth in both compositions is controlled by liquid-crystal interface kinetics and can be described by a screw dislocation growth model. From the XRD data, the crystallization fraction was estimated. The crystallization data were described by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) model with Avrami exponents m = 1.4 ± 0.3 for Se90Te10 and m = 1.6 ± 0.4 for Se80Te20. Activation energies were estimated from the temperature dependence of rate constant evaluated from the JMA model. The activation energies of nucleation-growth process were found to be Ec = 184 ± 21 kJ mol−1 for Se90Te10 and Ec = 179 ± 7 kJ mol−1 for Se80Te20, and are comparable with activation energies of crystal growth.
Understanding the correlations between Poisson's ratio and plasticity based on microscopic flow units in metallic glasses
Authors: Wang D. P. , Zhao D. Q. , Ding D. W. , Bai H. Y. , Wang W. H.
Published: March 2014

In metallic glasses (MGs), a clear correlation has been established between plasticity and the Poisson's ratio. Such a correlation between the two distinctive macroscopic mechanical properties is challenging to explain from a microstructure perspective. We studied the microstructural origin of the Poisson's ratio and plasticity criterion in various MGs and find a correlation between the relative concentration of flow units and Poisson's ratio: the MGs with higher concentration of flow units show a larger Poisson's ratio and better plasticity. We have explained the empirical correlation between ductility and the Poisson's ratio based on microscopic flow units in MGs.
Complex magnetic reversal modes in low-symmetry nanoparticles
Authors: Escobar R. A. , Vargas N. M. , Castillo-Sepúlveda S. , Allende S. , Altbir D. , d'Albuquerque e Castro J.
Published: March 2014

A detailed numerical analysis of the magnetization reversal processes in T-shaped nanoparticles has been carried out. Attention has been focused on the influence of the symmetry of the particle on the formation, propagation, and interaction of internal magnetic structures such as domain walls, vortices, and antivortices. Results show that the lower the degree of symmetry of the particle, the more complex the reversal process is. Thus, symmetry represents an additional ingredient to control the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Schottky diodes using as-grown single-walled carbon nanotube ensembles
Authors: Dissanayake D. M. N. M. , Zhong Zhaohui
Published: March 2014

We demonstrate rectifying Schottky diodes fabricated using as-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) ensembles, without removing the metallic SWNTs, for optoelectronic device applications. The SWNTs are contact by a low work-function metal through a high-bandgap charge-blocking layer (ZnO) resulting in highly-nonlinear current-voltage properties compared to control ensemble SWNT devices, fabricated without a charge-blocking layer, which show resistive behaviour. This significant improvement in diode behaviour is obtained by reducing source-drain leakage from the metallic SWNTs using the charge-blocking layer which channels charge transport via the semiconducting SWNTs. Moreover, we explore an alternative method of creating the charge barrier layer via oxidizing a thin film of Zn deposited on directly on the SWNTs which could potentially reduce cost and increasing scalability of this technique to obtain highly rectifying diodes from as-grown ensemble SWNTs.
Photonic crystal light emitting diode based on Er and Si nanoclusters co-doped slot waveguide
Authors: Lo Savio R. , Galli M. , Liscidini M. , Andreani L. C. , Franzò G. , Iacona F. , Miritello M. , Irrera A. , Sanfilippo D. , Piana A. , Priolo F.
Published: March 2014

We report on the design, fabrication, and electro-optical characterization of a light emitting device operating at 1.54 μm, whose active layer consists of silicon oxide containing Er-doped Si nanoclusters. A photonic crystal (PhC) is fabricated on the top-electrode to enhance the light extraction in the vertical direction, and thus the external efficiency of the device. This occurs if a photonic mode of the PhC slab is resonant with the Er emission energy, as confirmed by theoretical calculations and experimental analyses. We measure an increase of the extraction efficiency by a factor of 3 with a high directionality of light emission in a narrow vertical cone. External quantum efficiency and power efficiency are among the highest reported for this kind of material. These results are important for the realization of CMOS-compatible efficient light emitters at telecom wavelengths.
Soil water-holding capacity mediates hydraulic and hormonal signals of near-isohydric and near-anisohydric Vitis cultivars in potted grapevines
Authors: Tramontini Sara , Döring Johanna , Vitali Marco , Ferrandino Alessandra , Stoll Manfred , Lovisolo Claudio
Published: March 2014

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) expresses different responses to water stress, depending not only on genotype, but also on the influence of vineyard growing conditions or seasonality. Our aim was to analyse the effects on drought response of two grapevine cultivars growing on two soils, one water draining (WD) containing sand 80% volume and the other water retaining (WR), with no sand. Under these two different water-holding capacities Syrah, displaying a near-anisohydric response to water stress, and Cabernet Sauvignon (on the contrary, near-isohydric) were submitted to water stress in a pot trial. Xylem embolism contributed to plant adaptation to soil water deprivation: in both cultivars during late phases of water stress, however, in Syrah, already at moderate early stress levels. By contrast, Syrah showed a less effective stomatal control of drought than Cabernet Sauvignon. The abscisic acid (ABA) influenced tightly the stomatal conductance of Cabernet Sauvignon on both pot soils. In the near-anisohydric variety Syrah an ABA-related stomatal closure was induced in WR soil to maintain high levels of water potential, showing that a soil-related hormonal root-to-shoot signal causing stomatal closure superimposes on the putatively variety-induced anisohydric response to water stress.
Closing the chasm between research and practice: evidence of and for change
Authors: Green Lawrence W.
Published: March 2014

The usual remedy suggested for bridging the science‐to‐practice gap is to improve the efficiency of disseminating the evidencebased practices to practitioners. This reflection on the gap takes the position that it is the relevance and fit of the evidence with the majority of practices that limit its applicability and application in health promotion and related behavioural, community and population‐level interventions where variations in context, values and norms make uniform interventions inappropriate. To make the evidence more relevant and actionable to practice settings and populations will require reforms at many points in the research‐to‐practice pipeline. These points in the pipeline are described and remedies for them suggested.
Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 attenuates disease in a chronic-relapsing rat model for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ridderstad Wollberg Anna , Ericsson-Dahlstrand Anders , Juréus Anders , Ekerot Petra , Simon Sylvia , Nilsson Maria , Wiklund Stig-Johan , Berg Anna-Lena , Ferm Mats , Sunnemark Dan , Johansson Rolf
Published: March 2014

Significance

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) causing paralysis. The most effective treatments for MS aim to block infiltration of inflammatory cells to the brain. However, severe side effects related to the broad-acting specificity of these treatments exist. AZD8797, a unique inhibitor of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, provides inhibition of subpopulations of peripheral leukocytes with potential for a beneficial effect: side effect ratio. We provide evidence that blocking this receptor results in reduced paralysis, inflammation, and degeneration in the CNS in a disease model for MS. Furthermore, CX3CR1 expression analysis in the MS brain strengthens the evidence for CX3CR1 as a new target for the treatment of MS.
Molecular basis for AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR protein interaction and the control of auxin response repression
Authors: Korasick David A. , Westfall Corey S. , Lee Soon Goo , Nanao Max H. , Dumas Renaud , Hagen Gretchen , Guilfoyle Thomas J. , Jez Joseph M. , Strader Lucia C.
Published: March 2014

Significance

Auxin is a critical plant hormone that regulates every aspect of plant growth and development. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) transcription factors control auxin-regulated gene transcription, and their activity is regulated by AUXIN/INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID repressor proteins. This work identifies that dimerization of the repressor with the transcription factor is insufficient to repress activity, suggesting that multimerization is the mechanism of repressing ARF transcriptional activity and further raising the possibility that multimerization in other systems may play roles in transcriptional repression.
Miscalibrations in judgements of attractiveness with cosmetics
Authors: Jones Alex L. , Kramer Robin S. S. , Ward Robert
Published: March 2014

Women use cosmetics to enhance their attractiveness. How successful they are in doing so remains unknown—how do men and women respond to cosmetics use in terms of attractiveness? There are a variety of miscalibrations where attractiveness is concerned—often, what one sex thinks the opposite sex finds attractive is incorrect. Here, we investigated observer perceptions about attractiveness and cosmetics, as well as their understanding of what others would find attractive. We used computer graphic techniques to allow observers to vary the amount of cosmetics applied to a series of female faces. We asked observers to optimize attractiveness for themselves, for what they thought women in general would prefer, and what they thought men in general would prefer. We found that men and women agree on the amount of cosmetics they find attractive, but overestimate the preferences of women and, when considering the preferences of men, overestimate even more. We also find that models’ self-applied cosmetics are far in excess of individual preferences. These findings suggest that attractiveness perceptions with cosmetics are a form of pluralistic ignorance, whereby women tailor their cosmetics use to an inaccurate perception of others’ preferences. These findings also highlight further miscalibrations of attractiveness ideals.
Protests, emotions and democracy: theoretical insights from the Indignados movement
Authors: Cossarini Paolo
Published: March 2014

The emergence of protest movements, such as theIndignadosandOccupy Wall Street, is one of the most remarkable political occurrences in recent years. Social scientists have immediately started analysing these phenomena, highlighting the broad political implications for contemporary democracies, and especially the disaffection towards political institutions and the financial system they reflect. This article argues that these phenomena should be considered through the lens of the broad role of emotions in politics. Whilst scholars have recently shown increased attention to the role of emotions in politics, this article advances some suggestions for a theoretical and crossdisciplinary inquiry, which can contribute to the connection between protest event analysis and normative political theory. Quoting particularly theIndignados’ slogans and mottos, this article draws attention to the central function of emotions – especially anger and fear – in motivating people to engage in political action and in the construction of political order. Specifically, this article shows how emotions play in the construction of the political subject –the people– as well as in today's struggle for democratic legitimacy and the resistance to the emptying of democracy by globalmarket forces.
Constraining halo occupation distribution and cosmic growth rate using multipole power spectrum
Authors: Hikage Chiaki
Published: March 2014

We propose a new method of measuring halo occupation distribution (HOD) together with cosmic growth rate using multipole components of galaxy power spectrum Pl(k). The non-linear redshift-space distortion due to the random motion of satellite galaxies, i.e. Fingers-of-God, generates high-l multipole anisotropy in galaxy clustering, such as the hexadecapole (l = 4) and tetra-hexadecapole (l = 6), which are sensitive to the fraction and the velocity dispersion of satellite galaxies. Using simulated samples following the HOD of luminous red galaxies, we find that the input HOD parameters are successfully reproduced from Pl(k), and that high-l multipole information help to break the degeneracy among HOD parameters. We also show that the measurements of the cosmic growth rate as well as the satellite fraction and velocity dispersions are significantly improved by adding the small-scale information of high-l multipoles.