bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotating Gate-Driven Solution-Processed Triboelectric Transistors
Authors: Shin Hyunji , Kim Dae Yu
Published: April 2022

Among various energy harvesting technologies, triboelectricity is an epoch-making discovery that can convert energy loss caused by the mechanical vibration or friction of parts into energy gain. As human convenience has emerged as an important future value, wireless devices have attracted widespread attention; thus, it is essential to extend the duration and lifespan of batteries through energy harvesting or the application of self-powered equipment. Here, we report a transistor, in which the gate rotates and rubs against the dielectric and utilizes the triboelectricity generated rather than the switching voltage of the transistor. The device is a triboelectric transistor with a simple structure and is manufactured using a simple process. Compared to that at the stationary state, the output current of the triboelectric transistor increased by 207.66 times at the maximum rotation velocity. The approach reported in this paper could be an innovative method to enable a transistor to harness its own power while converting energy loss in any rotating object into harvested energy.
Recent Advances in Sensors for Fire Detection
Authors: Khan Fawad , Xu Zhiguang , Sun Junling , Khan Fazal Maula , Ahmed Adnan , Zhao Yan
Published: April 2022

Fire is indeed one of the major contributing factors to fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption. A large number of fire incidents across the world cause devastation beyond measure and description every year. To minimalize their impacts, the implementation of innovative and effective fire early warning technologies is essential. Despite the fact that research publications on fire detection technology have addressed the issue to some extent, fire detection technology still confronts hurdles in decreasing false alerts, improving sensitivity and dynamic responsibility, and providing protection for costly and complicated installations. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current futuristic practices in the context of fire detection and monitoring strategies, with an emphasis on the methods of detecting fire through the continuous monitoring of variables, such as temperature, flame, gaseous content, and smoke, along with their respective benefits and drawbacks, measuring standards, and parameter measurement spans. Current research directions and challenges related to the technology of fire detection and future perspectives on fabricating advanced fire sensors are also provided. We hope such a review can provide inspiration for fire sensor research dedicated to the development of advanced fire detection techniques.
Development of a Novel Coaching Platform to Improve Tackle Technique in Youth Rugby Players: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Daly Ed , Esser Patrick , Griffin Alan , Costello Damien , Servis Justin , Gallagher David , Ryan Lisa
Published: April 2022

Rugby union is a field sport that is played at amateur and professional levels by male and female players globally. One of the most prevalent injury risks associated with the sport involves tackle collisions with opposition players. This suggests that a targeted injury reduction strategy could focus on the tackle area in the game. In amateur rugby union, injuries to the head, face and shoulder are the most common injury sites in youth rugby playing populations. A suboptimal tackle technique may contribute to an increased injury risk in these populations. One proposed mitigation strategy to reduce tackle-related injuries in youth populations may be to increase tackle proficiency by coaching an effective tackle technique. The present study aimed to demonstrate a proof of concept for a tackle technique coaching platform using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a bespoke mobile application developed for a mobile device (i.e., a mobile phone). The test battery provided a proof of concept for the primary objective of modelling the motion of a player in a tackle event. The prototype (bespoke mobile application) modelled the IMU in a 3D space and demonstrated the orientation during a tackle event. The participants simulated ten tackle events that were ten degrees above and ten degrees below the zero degree of approach, and these (unsafe tackles) were indicated by a red light on the mobile display unit. The parameters of ten degrees above and below the zero angle of approach were measured using an inclinometer mobile application. These tackle event simulations provided a real-time stream of data that displayed the angle of tackles on a mobile device. The novel coaching platform could therefore constitute part of an injury reduction strategy for amateur or novice coaches to instruct safer tackle practice in youth rugby playing populations.
DACFL: Dynamic Average Consensus-Based Federated Learning in Decentralized Sensors Network
Authors: Chen Zhikun , Li Daofeng , Zhu Jinkang , Zhang Sihai
Published: April 2022

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving way to utilize the sensitive data generated by smart sensors of user devices, where a central parameter server (PS) coordinates multiple user devices to train a global model. However, relying on centralized topology poses challenges when applying FL in a sensors network, including imbalanced communication congestion and possible single point of failure, especially on the PS. To alleviate these problems, we devise a Dynamic Average Consensus-based Federated Learning (DACFL) for implementing FL in a decentralized sensors network. Different from existing studies that replace the model aggregation roughly with neighbors’ average, we first transform the FL model aggregation, which is the most intractable in a decentralized topology, into the dynamic average consensus problem by treating a local training procedure as a discrete-time series.We then employ the first-order dynamic average consensus (FODAC) to estimate the average model, which not only solves the model aggregation for DACFL but also ensures model consistency as much as possible. To improve the performance with non-i.i.d data, each user also takes the neighbors’ average model as its next-round initialization, which prevents the possible local over-fitting. Besides, we also provide a basic theoretical analysis of DACFL on the premise of i.i.d data. The result validates the feasibility of DACFL in both time-invariant and time-varying topologies and declares that DACFL outperforms existing studies, including CDSGD and D-PSGD, in most cases. Take the result on Fashion-MNIST as a numerical example, with i.i.d data, our DACFL achieves 19∼34% and 3∼10% increases in average accuracy; with non-i.i.d data, our DACFL achieves 30∼50% and 0∼10% increases in average accuracy, compared to CDSGD and D-PSGD.
Meta-Knowledge and Multi-Task Learning-Based Multi-Scene Adaptive Crowd Counting
Authors: Tang Siqi , Pan Zhisong , Hu Guyu , Wu Yang , Li Yunbo
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose a multi-scene adaptive crowd counting method based on meta-knowledge and multi-task learning. In practice, surveillance cameras are stationarily deployed in various scenes. Considering the extensibility of a surveillance system, the ideal crowd counting method should have a strong generalization capability to be deployed in unknown scenes. On the other hand, given the diversity of scenes, it should also effectively suit each scene for better performance. These two objectives are contradictory, so we propose a coarse-to-fine pipeline including meta-knowledge network and multi-task learning. Specifically, at the coarse-grained stage, we propose a generic two-stream network for all existing scenes to encode meta-knowledge especially inter-frame temporal knowledge. At the fine-grained stage, the regression of the crowd density map to the overall number of people in each scene is considered a homogeneous subtask in a multi-task framework. A robust multi-task learning algorithm is applied to effectively learn scene-specific regression parameters for existing and new scenes, which further improve the accuracy of each specific scenes. Taking advantage of multi-task learning, the proposed method can be deployed to multiple new scenes without duplicated model training. Compared with two representative methods, namely AMSNet and MAML-counting, the proposed method reduces the MAE by 10.29% and 13.48%, respectively.
Phase-Extraction-Based MFL Testing for Subsurface Defect in Ferromagnetic Steel Plate
Authors: Ma Chengjian , Liu Yang , Shen Changyu
Published: April 2022

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) based on phase extraction for detecting the subsurface defects in ferromagnetic steel plate was investigated. The relationship between electromagnetic field phase and the subsurface defect was analyzed. Low-frequency alternating current (AC) excitation source and high-power magnetizer arrangement with Hall sensor were used to increase the skin depth of the MFL. Experiments results showed that 12 mm deep subsurface defect can be detected by using the phase extraction means, which is about two times higher than that by using the amplitude method.
Research on Vehicle Lane Change Warning Method Based on Deep Learning Image Processing
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Sun Ziming , Shu Hong
Published: April 2022

In order to improve vehicle driving safety in a low-cost manner, we used a monocular camera to study a lane-changing warning algorithm for highway vehicles based on deep learning image processing technology. We improved the mask region-based convolutional neural network for vehicle target detection. Suitable anchor frame ratios were obtained by means of K-means++ method clustering for 66,389 vehicle targets with the width/height ratio, which is one more set of anchor frames than the original setting, so as to ensure that the generation accuracy of candidate frames can be improved without sacrificing more network performance. Using the vehicle target annotation set, we trained the vehicle targets. Through the analysis of indicators for mean average precision, a new set of anchor frames was added to improve the accuracy of vehicle target detection. Based on the improved vehicle detection network and an end-to-end lane detection network in series, we proposed an algorithm for the detection of highway vehicle lane-changing behavior with the first-person perspective by summing the inter-frame change rates in the vehicle lane-changing data pool. After the identification and verification of the marked lane-changing picture sequences, a lane-changing detection accuracy rate of 94.5% was achieved.
Skin Cancer Detection Using Infrared Thermography: Measurement Setup, Procedure and Equipment
Authors: Verstockt Jan , Verspeek Simon , Thiessen Filip , Tjalma Wiebren A. , Brochez Lieve , Steenackers Gunther
Published: April 2022

Infrared thermography technology has improved dramatically in recent years and is gaining renewed interest in the medical community for applications in skin tissue identification applications. However, there is still a need for an optimized measurement setup and protocol to obtain the most appropriate images for decision making and further processing. Nowadays, various cooling methods, measurement setups and cameras are used, but a general optimized cooling and measurement protocol has not been defined yet. In this literature review, an overview of different measurement setups, thermal excitation techniques and infrared camera equipment is given. It is possible to improve thermal images of skin lesions by choosing an appropriate cooling method, infrared camera and optimized measurement setup.
2D-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Screen-Printed Bulk-Modified Electrochemical Platforms Explored towards Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Khan Aamar F. , Ferrari Alejandro Garcia-Miranda , Hughes Jack P. , Smith Graham C. , Banks Craig E. , Rowley-Neale Samuel J.
Published: April 2022

A low-cost, scalable and reproducible approach for the mass production of screen-printed electrode (SPE) platforms that have varying percentage mass incorporations of 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) (2D-hBN/SPEs) is demonstrated herein. These novel 2D-hBN/SPEs are explored as a potential metal-free electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) within acidic media where their performance is evaluated. A 5% mass incorporation of 2D-hBN into the SPEs resulted in the most beneficial ORR catalysis, reducing the ORR onset potential by ca. 200 mV in comparison to bare/unmodified SPEs. Furthermore, an increase in the achievable current of 83% is also exhibited upon the utilisation of a 2D-hBN/SPE in comparison to its unmodified equivalent. The screen-printed fabrication approach replaces the less-reproducible and time-consuming drop-casting technique of 2D-hBN and provides an alternative approach for the large-scale manufacture of novel electrode platforms that can be utilised in a variety of applications.
Past, Present, and Future of EEG-Based BCI Applications
Authors: Värbu Kaido , Muhammad Naveed , Muhammad Yar
Published: April 2022

An electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system that provides a pathway between the brain and external devices by interpreting EEG. EEG-based BCI applications have initially been developed for medical purposes, with the aim of facilitating the return of patients to normal life. In addition to the initial aim, EEG-based BCI applications have also gained increasing significance in the non-medical domain, improving the life of healthy people, for instance, by making it more efficient, collaborative and helping develop themselves. The objective of this review is to give a systematic overview of the literature on EEG-based BCI applications from the period of 2009 until 2019. The systematic literature review has been prepared based on three databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. This review was conducted following the PRISMA model. In this review, 202 publications were selected based on specific eligibility criteria. The distribution of the research between the medical and non-medical domain has been analyzed and further categorized into fields of research within the reviewed domains. In this review, the equipment used for gathering EEG data and signal processing methods have also been reviewed. Additionally, current challenges in the field and possibilities for the future have been analyzed.
Food Additives from Fruit and Vegetable By-Products and Bio-Residues: A Comprehensive Review Focused on Sustainability
Authors: Ueda Jonata M. , Pedrosa Mariana C. , Heleno Sandrina A. , Carocho Márcio , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Barros Lillian
Published: April 2022

Food waste is one of the fundamental issues when it comes to environmental impacts, and this type of waste results in the food’s loss itself, but also that of water, energy, fertilizers, and other resources used for its production. Many vegetable parts are removed from the final product before reaching retail (peels, roots, and seeds), and these raw materials are rich sources of highly valuable molecules such as phytochemicals, minerals, vitamins, and other compounds with health benefits (prevention of several diseases, improvement of the immune system, regulating gastrointestinal transit, and others). Therefore, substantial efforts have been made to find technological solutions to avoid food waste, namely through its reuse in the food chain, thus promoting the circular economy and sustainability. This review focuses on the biggest wastes generated by the food industry, the most common destinations, and case studies applying these by-products or biowaste in the food industry.
Exploring the Factors of Rural Tourism Recovery in the Post-COVID-19 Era Based on the Grounded Theory: A Case Study of Tianxi Village in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Yi , He Yinchun , Zhu Zhangxiang
Published: April 2022

Effective recovery of rural tourism in the post-COVID-19 era could consolidate achievements in poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization in China. In order to explore the factors influencing the rural tourism recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, this explorative–qualitative study chose Tianxi village in Hunan province of China as a typical case, as it has been officially selected as one of the key national villages for developing rural tourism. It was found that the process of rural tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 era consists substantially of the development and evolutionary resilience in rural tourism. In the proposed theoretical model, the governance capability of local governments, robustness of rural social networks, activeness of rural talent, innovativeness of development mechanisms, and persistence of resilience cultivation are all essential factors throughout this process. Evolutionary resilience of rural tourism could enable destinations to manage unpredictable crises and even to seize novel development opportunities.
Cyberbullying Behaviors in Online Travel Community: Members’ Perceptions and Sustainability in Online Community
Authors: Kim Donghee
Published: April 2022

Online travel community (OTC) has been played a critical role for digital marketing in the travel industry. The successful operation of an online travel community is depending on social connection and active friendship among the OTC’s users. However, cyber-victimization has become a critical concern which has been threaten sustainable online travel community. In this regard, this study investigates how cyber-victimization recovery practices in OTAs affect online community ambient and behavioral loyalty in OTCs using second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate that the OTCs’ efforts to recover the online ambient against cyber-victimization lead OTC members to be loyal to the OTCs. Implications for the sustainable online travel community were discussed.
Evaluation of Workloads of Package Deliverers Focusing on Their Pickup and Delivery Tasks in Republic of Korea
Authors: Rim Suk-Chul , Jung Myung-Chul
Published: April 2022

Package deliverers are facing increasing workloads due to a rapid increase in online shopping caused by the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical workload of package deliverers during pickup and delivery tasks. Heart rate reserve (HRR), metabolic equivalent of task (MET), standardized Nordic questionnaire (SNQ), and visual analogue scale (VAS), measured on site using a wristband, were used as indicators of their workload. Twenty deliverers participated in this study. Work analysis was performed to categorize their tasks into sorting inside a truck, delivering, picking up, driving, and resting. Statistical analysis showed that participants spend 4.3 h per day picking up and delivering 331.9 packages per day. Their work requires about 29.7% of HRR and 4.7 of MET, which are thus considered as of “moderate level” difficulty. SNQ and VAS revealed that their lower back and wrist/hand were the most painful body parts due to repetitive trunk bending and small package handling. The use of a cart would be recommended as it has the advantage of handling many packages at once with less physical effort in deliverers.
Disclosing the Tacit Links between Risk and Success in Organizational Development Project Portfolios
Authors: Micán Camilo , Fernandes Gabriela , Araújo Madalena
Published: April 2022

Project portfolios aim to impact organizational strategic goals, influencing both the organization’s business model and its processes. Nonetheless, the actual impact is dependent on the portfolio’s success, which is affected by the materialization of risk factors. This study aims to examine the tacit conceptualization of project portfolio risk as a risk measure explicitly based on project portfolio success itself. In order to focus on the portfolios of organizational development projects, Social Representation Theory was adopted to analyze empirical evidence from twenty-eight semi-structured interviews conducted with project portfolio practitioners. Findings showed that strategic fit, future preparedness, and stakeholder satisfaction were dimensions of success within which project portfolio risk could be conceptualized. Additionally, results evidenced that risk factors influenced project portfolio success through systematic and non-systematic impacts on project portfolio outputs, and also had direct impacts on project portfolio outcomes. This paper provides empirical evidence to back up the conceptualization of project portfolio risk explicitly oriented to portfolio success as a multidimensional risk measure. It represents a new avenue for conducting portfolio risk analysis for both practitioners and academics, orienting the decision-making process based on the portfolio success rather than only on the success of each project.
A Brief Review on 4D Weather Visualization
Authors: Rudenko Roman , Pires Ivan Miguel , Liberato Margarida , Barroso João , Reis Arsénio
Published: April 2022

The accelerated changes on our planet have led to a growing interest in climate change and its consequences: natural hazards and adverse socio-economic impacts. However, the development of climate research and the proliferation of datasets require an integrated and efficient approach to the analysis, investigation, and visualization of atmospheric meteorological data. Thus, we propose a literature review of existing systems viewing meteorological phenomena in four and three dimensions. Moreover, we evaluate meteorological occurrences to better understand the dynamics associated with a meteorological phenomenon and visualize different weather data. Based on the investigation of tools and methods, we consider the existence of different ways of representing meteorological data and methodologies. However, it was imperative to obtain knowledge and create our way of visualizing weather data. This article found eleven existing solutions for 4D meteorological visualization and meteorological phenomena.
Technical–Economic Analysis of the Solutions for the Modernization of Lighting Systems
Authors: Spunei Elisabeta , Frumușanu Nătălița-Mihaela , Măran Gheorghița , Martin Mihaela
Published: April 2022

In the context of the electricity crisis, measures are needed to reduce energy consumption. The case study was conducted on the lighting system at a university sports hall. To determine the efficiency and quality, the lighting systems and technical characteristics of the sources used were identified, lighting level measurements were made, the luminotechnical coefficients and the power of the whole lighting system were calculated and the results were compared to the values set out in the standards. Following analysis, the lighting system was found not to meet the quality requirements and was energy inefficient. For financial efficiency, only the replacement of lighting was sought, keeping the same equipment and granting the same facilities to the building users. Some lighting source options were analyzed and the option to have the highest luminous efficacy and the highest energy class was chosen. The analysis shows that the investment is amortized within a maximum of 17 months. The innovative aspect is based on linking the measurements with the determination of power and the proposal of modernization solutions, which shows the need for investments to ensure the quality of the system and the increase in energy efficiency.
Upper Bounds of the Third Hankel Determinant for Close-to-Convex Functions
Authors: Zaprawa Paweł , Tra̧bka-Wiȩcław Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the third Hankel determinant for the class N of functions convex in one direction is estimated. An analogous problem is solved for a subclass of N consisting of functions with real coefficients. Additionally, this determinant for odd functions in N is estimated. Moreover, similar results are obtained in the relative class M consisting of functions zf′(z), where f∈N. The majority of bounds is sharp.
HIV RGB: Automated Single-Cell Analysis of HIV-1 Rev-Dependent RNA Nuclear Export and Translation Using Image Processing in KNIME
Authors: Evans Edward L. , Pocock Ginger M. , Einsdorf Gabriel , Behrens Ryan T. , Dobson Ellen T. A. , Wiedenmann Marcel , Birkhold Christian , Ahlquist Paul , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Sherer Nathan M.
Published: April 2022

Single-cell imaging has emerged as a powerful means to study viral replication dynamics and identify sites of virus–host interactions. Multivariate aspects of viral replication cycles yield challenges inherent to handling large, complex imaging datasets. Herein, we describe the design and implementation of an automated, imaging-based strategy, “Human Immunodeficiency Virus Red-Green-Blue” (HIV RGB), for deriving comprehensive single-cell measurements of HIV-1 unspliced (US) RNA nuclear export, translation, and bulk changes to viral RNA and protein (HIV-1 Rev and Gag) subcellular distribution over time. Differentially tagged fluorescent viral RNA and protein species are recorded using multicolor long-term (>24 h) time-lapse video microscopy, followed by image processing using a new open-source computational imaging workflow dubbed “Nuclear Ring Segmentation Analysis and Tracking” (NR-SAT) based on ImageJ plugins that have been integrated into the Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) analytics platform. We describe a typical HIV RGB experimental setup, detail the image acquisition and NR-SAT workflow accompanied by a step-by-step tutorial, and demonstrate a use case wherein we test the effects of perturbing subcellular localization of the Rev protein, which is essential for viral US RNA nuclear export, on the kinetics of HIV-1 late-stage gene regulation. Collectively, HIV RGB represents a powerful platform for single-cell studies of HIV-1 post-transcriptional RNA regulation. Moreover, we discuss how similar NR-SAT-based design principles and open-source tools might be readily adapted to study a broad range of dynamic viral or cellular processes.
Pollution Control of Industrial Mariculture Wastewater: A Mini-Review
Authors: Zheng Lina , Liu Qi , Liu Jiajing , Xiao Jingni , Xu Guangjing
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of intensive mariculture, lots of mariculture wastewaters containing residual feed and excrements are discharged into marinelands, leading to coastal pollution. Recently, the environmental problems caused by the discharge of mariculture wastewater have been paid much attention, as have other breeding industries in China. In fact, organic solid waste accounts for most of the pollutants and can be reduced by precipitation or filtration technologies, after which the supernatant can be easily treated by ecological methods. Some national guidelines and relevant local standards have been issued to strictly control the mariculture wastewater, but there are still few effective technologies for mariculture wastewater treatment due to its high salinity and extremely low pollutant concentration. This paper aims to propose feasible pollution control methods of mariculture wastewater according to the wastewater characteristics from different mariculture modes. For raw ammonia-based wastewater, it should be sequentially treated by precipitation, nitrification and denitrification and ecological methods, which would target solid waste, organic carbon/nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. For the nitrate-based wastewater, this just needs denitrification filters and ecological methods for nitrate and phosphorus removal. After an overview of pollution control strategies for different types and scales of industrial mariculture wastewater treatment, some challenges are also mentioned.
A Study on the Release Persistence of Microencapsulated Tea Tree Essential Oil in Hotel Hot Spring Water
Authors: Hsu Jui-Liang , Lin Tzu-Yun , Chien Jung-Hul , Hsu Chin-Hsien , Lin Hsiao-Hsien , Yeh An-Chi
Published: April 2022

To improve business performance and achieve sustainable development through the concept of hot spring resource reuse, this study investigated the antibacterial effect of alginate-coated tea tree essential oil microcapsules and the effect of alginate microcapsules on the release of tea tree essential oil. The results revealed that 450 μm alginate/tea tree essential oil microcapsules (containing 720 ppm of tea tree essential oil) prepared using microfluidic assemblies effectively inhibited total bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in hot spring water. For alginate/tea tree essential oil microcapsules prepared under different conditions, at a fixed concentration of cross-linking reagents, the release time increased with the cross-linking time (10 min > 5 min > 1 min). At a fixed cross-linking time, the release time increased with the concentrations of cross-linking reagents (1 M > 0.5 M > 0.1 M). When the concentrations of cross-linking reagents and the cross-linking time were the same, the release time of cross-linking reagents increased with the strength of metal activity (Ca > Zn).
Experimental Study on Anti-Scour Property and Erosion Resistance of 3D Mat Materials for Slope Protection in Waterway Engineering
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Xu Haiyong , Wang Xin , Zhang Mingjin , Liu Wanli , Zhu Yude , Liu Zhe
Published: April 2022

3D mats are environmentally friendly and ecological materials for protecting river and waterway banks. The anti-scour properties of the materials and the erosion resistance of the soil under them can be studied to provide decision support for the selection of slope protection materials and their applicable areas. In this paper, an indoor prototypical scouring experiment with a flume is carried out to study the anti-scour properties of three types of 3D mat materials (vegetation grass mats, Enkamat and reinforced Mike mat) and the erosion resistance of the underlying soil under typical combined conditions of flow rate and water stage. It is concluded that the 3D mats increase the resistance coefficient of the bed surface, and that with the same incoming flow, the average flow velocity is inversely related to the resistance coefficient. There are three scouring modes for 3D mats under the action of water flow: material failure caused by mechanical damage, performance failure caused by serious erosion of the soil mass and non-failure. Of the three mat materials, the reinforced Mike mats are more resistant to scouring than the other two unreinforced materials, and the erosion volume ratios of reinforced Mike mats, vegetation grass mats and Enkamat are 59.24%, 61.81% and 62.17%, respectively, under the same small flow rate and high water stage. The results show that the reinforced Mike mats have the best anti-scour property and soil conservation performance, followed by Enkamat and the vegetation grass mats. In addition, reinforced materials outperform non-reinforced ones in their anti-scour performance and their protection for the underlying soil on the bank slope.
Action Spectra of Bacteria and Purification of Pollutant Water at Faucets Using a Water Waveguide Method
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Hoshiai Tsuyoshi , Tatsuno Ichiro , Hasegawa Tadao
Published: April 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for purifying pollutant water contaminated with bacteria and/or chemicals. As an emerging technology, purification by deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we show our recent progress in the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point-source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). Before the demonstration, we determined the efficacy of disinfection as a function of irradiation wavelength (action spectra) by constructing a wavelength tunable DUV light source. We found that, as a function of irradiation wavelength, there is a strong correlation between the dose-based inactivation rate constants and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) absorbance. Based on this correlation, the emission wavelength of 265 nm was determined as the most effective wavelength for disinfecting water contaminated with bacteria. Instantaneous 2-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli O1 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated by using the DUV-LED WW method. We also discuss how far-UVC radiation shorter than 230 nm, which has recently been attracting attention and is known as a safe and effective disinfection wavelength for the human body, cannot give a higher-dose-based inactivation rate constant compared to that of 265 nm irradiation due to the larger absorption coefficient of water with a wavelength shorter than 230 nm.
El camino al éxito después del endeudamiento en el emprendimiento en la ciudad de Guayaquil.
Authors: Téllez Pérez Anisleydi
Published: April 2022

Este estudio se enfocó en la identificación y medición de los factores de éxito en los emprendimientos que ha recurrido al endeudamiento en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para la consecución de esta investigación se trazó como objetivo general: validar un modelo para contribuir con el éxito de los emprendedores que recibieron financiamiento de la Empresa Créditos Económico en el año 2019.

En esta investigación se realizó una investigación de campo divida en dos etapas, la primera: un diagnóstico inicial por parte de los docentes de tiempo completo de las carreras empresariales del Tecnológico Universitario Espíritu Santo, para evaluar la accesibilidad, y disposición del emprendedor a participar del proyecto. Para la segunda varios grupos multidisciplinarios de estudiantes aplicaron otros métodos y técnicas de investigación como: las encuestas, entrevistas, el trabajo con las fuentes documentales y la consulta a especialistas, así como los propios del nivel teórico y algunos estadísticos.

Puede asegurarse que el trabajo realizado es novedoso porque marcó un hito en las relaciones entre la empresa privada y las instituciones de educación superior, y el resultado es un modelo que permite contribuir significativamente con el éxito en emprendedores que han recurrido al endeudamiento como fuente de financiamiento, sustentado en las relaciones que se establecen entre el marketing, el control de los recursos y las gestión administrativa para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las familias emprendedoras y el crecimiento del valor del negocio.

La investigación se realizó durante 6 meses, en los cuales se llevó a cabo un acompañamiento “in situ” a los emprendedores que recibieron financiamiento de la empresa Créditos Económicos, a través del programa “Mi Negocito”, en este periodo se comprobó la factibilidad del modelo para contribuir con el éxito de las familias que utilizan al emprendimiento como medio de subsistencia en Guayaquil.
Development of Engineering Qualifications in New Zealand: A Brief History
Authors: Blakeley John
Published: April 2022

Post 1840, New Zealand’s early engineers had mainly trained in Britain prior to emigrating. The need for educating and training young engineers was soon recognised. This was initially done by means of a young engineer working under the close supervision of an older, experienced engineer, usually in a cadetship arrangement. Correspondence courses from the British engineering institutions became available from 1897. Several technical colleges in New Zealand implemented night classes to assist students who were preparing for the associated examinations. The first School of Engineering was established at Canterbury University College in 1887. Teaching of engineering, initially within a School of Mines, commenced at Auckland University College in 1906. Engineering degrees did not become available from other universities in New Zealand until the late 1960s. The New Zealand Certificate in Engineering (NZCE) was introduced as a lower level of engineering qualification in the late 1950s and was replaced by a variety of two-year Diploma in Engineering qualifications from 2000, now consolidated together and known as the New Zealand Diploma in Engineering (NZDE) and taught at fifteen institutions throughout New Zealand from 2011. At an intermediate level, the three-year Bachelor of Engineering Technology degree qualification (BEngTech) was also introduced from 2000 and is now taught at seven institutes of technology and polytechnics, and the Auckland University of Technology.
Large-Scale Social Media Analysis Reveals Emotions Associated with Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use
Authors: Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Yang Yuan-Chi , Guo Yuting , Kim Sangmi , Love Jennifer S. , Perrone Jeanmarie , Sarker Abeed
Published: April 2022

Background.
The behaviors and emotions associated with and reasons for nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) are not well-captured through traditional instruments such as surveys and insurance claims. Publicly available NMPDU-related posts on social media can potentially be leveraged to study these aspects unobtrusively and at scale.
Methods.
We applied a machine learning classifier to detect self-reports of NMPDU on Twitter and extracted all public posts of the associated users. We analyzed approximately 137 million posts from 87,718 Twitter users in terms of expressed emotions, sentiments, concerns, and possible reasons for NMPDU via natural language processing.
Results.
Users in the NMPDU group express more negative emotions and less positive emotions, more concerns about family, the past, and body, and less concerns related to work, leisure, home, money, religion, health, and achievement compared to a control group (i.e., users who never reported NMPDU). NMPDU posts tend to be highly polarized, indicating potential emotional triggers. Gender-specific analyses show that female users in the NMPDU group express more content related to positive emotions, anticipation, sadness, joy, concerns about family, friends, home, health, and the past, and less about anger than males. The findings are consistent across distinct prescription drug categories (opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, and polysubstance).
Conclusion.
Our analyses of large-scale data show that substantial differences exist between the texts of the posts from users who self-report NMPDU on Twitter and those who do not, and between males and females who report NMPDU. Our findings can enrich our understanding of NMPDU and the population involved.
AKTIVITAS HARIAN OWA JAWA (Hylobates moloch) DI PUSAT REHABILITASI SATWA PRIMATA JAWA CIWIDEY JAWA BARAT
Authors: Srimulyaningsih Reni , Permadi Ramdan
Published: April 2022

Owa jawa (Javan gibbon) is one of endemic primate of West Java that is vulnerable to extinction. In connection with the decline in the species population, conservation efforts need to be taken immediately, one of the supporting aspects is information about daily activities. The object of research is to identify the daily activities of javan gibbon in Javan Primate Rehabilitation Centre Ciwidey, West Java. The method of resesarch is recording of activities of each individual is carried out for seven days at intervals of 5 minutes. The result is javan gibbon daily activities in the Javan Primate Rehabilitation Center were 5945 times carried out by 3 javan gibbon individuals with eight observed activities, are eating, drinking, moving, grooming, urination, defecation, sound and rest, which began at 06.00 WIB and ended in the afternoon at 16.00 WIB. The number of daily activities from the highest to the lowest are 2596 times (43.66%) mobile activity, 2189 times (36.82%) resting activities, 593 meals (9.97%), 353 times grooming (5.93%), vote 95 times (1.59%), urinate 44 times (0.74%), drink 39 times (0.65%) and defecate 36 times (0.60%).
Moralitas dalam Novel "Tentang Kamu" Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Marentika Sisca Wahyu , Setyawan Bagus Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini akan memaparkan nilai-nilai dalam sebuah karya sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah novel “Tentang Kamu” karya Tere Liye. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode diskriptif. Penelitian menggunakan pandangan teori M.H. Abrams yaitu pendekatan pragmatik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai moral yang terkandung dalam novel adalah hidup itu perlu dilakoni dengan gigih. Hal seperti itu, tentu sangat bermanfaat untuk para pembaca. Gambaran yang terangkai dalam untaian setiap cerita memfokuskan pada kehidupan moral.  Katakunci: nilai; novel; moral; pragmatikAbstract:This article will describe the values in a literary work. The data source in this research was the novel “Tentang Kamu” by Tere Liye. The method utilized in this research was descriptive. This study used the theoretical view of M.H. Abrams as a pragmatic approach. The results of the study indicate that the moral values contained in the novel is that life needs to be lived persistently. Those values are surely beneficial for readers. The illustration represented in every sense of story focuses on the moral life.Keywords: value; novel; moral; pragmatics
Penggunaan Konjungsi Subordinatif dalam Kumpulan Cerita Rakyat Belitung
Authors: Resgita Betta
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan makna konjungsi subordinatif  dalam  kumpulan cerita rakyat Belitung berjudul ”Cerite Kampoeng dari Kampoeng Halaman” oleh Bule Sahib. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu kumpulan cerita rakyat dengan objek konjungsi subordinatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap serta teknik lanjutan simak bebas libat cakap dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ditemukan 14 hubungan makna konjungsi subordinatif. Hubungan makna waktu 265 data, makna syarat 24 data, makna pengandaian enam data, makna tujuan 174 data, makna konsesif 21 data, makna pemiripan 11 data, makna penyebaban 70 data, makna akibat sembilan data, makna cara sembilan data, makna alat enam data, makna komplementasi atau penjelas 15 data, makna atributif atau pelengkap 38 data, makna perbandingan lima data, dan makna optatif atau harapan dua data.. Katakunci: cerita rakyat; hubungan;  konjungsi; makna; subordinatif  Abstract:This article aims to describe the relationship between the meaning of subordinating conjunctions in a collection of Belitung folk tales entitled” Cerite Kampoeng dari Kampoeng Halaman” by Bule Sahib. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The research subject is a collection of folk tales with subordinate conjunctions as objects. Data collection was carried out using the listening and recording method, followed by non-participant conversation and note-taking. The results show that there were 14 meaning relationships of subordinating conjunctions. Meaning of time 265 data, the meaning of condition 24 data, the meaning of presupposition 6 data, meaning of purpose 174 data, meaning of concessional 21 data, the meaning of resemblance to 11 data, the meaning of cause 70 data, the meaning of effect 9 data, the meaning of manner 9 data, the meaning of means 6 data, the meaning of complementation or explanation 15 data, the meaning of attributive or complementary 38 data, meaning of comparison 5 data, and  meaning of optative or hope 2 data.Keywords: folklore; connection; conjunction; mean; subordinate
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Prosedur Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Batik Cianjur dengan Menggunakan Media Powtoon
Authors: Nuraeni Witri
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini akan memaparkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis teks prosedur berbasis kearifan lokal, batik Cianjur,  menggunakan media Powtoon. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen dengan bentuk one-group pretest-posttest design. Sampel yang terpilih yaitu  kelas XI OTKP 2 SMK Negeri 1 Cipanas. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah lembar tes, wawancara, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar menulis teks prosedur siswa mengalami peningkatan, dilihat dari pemerolehan nilai rata-rata tes awal sebesar  66, sedangkan nilai rata-rata dari tes akhir sebesar 87,83. Nilai signifikasi memperoleh  nilai Asymp. Sig.0,000 < 0,05 maka  Ha diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media Powtoon dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur  siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Cipanas. Selain itu, siswa umumnya mengatakan senang belajar dengan menggunakan Powtoon.Katakunci: menulis; Powtoon; teks prosedurAbstract:This article will describe the improvement of students’ learning outcomes in writing procedural texts, that is local wisdom-based, Batik Cianjur, using Powtoon media. The method used was experimental in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The selected sample was class XI OTKP 2 SMK Negeri 1 Cipanas. The instruments used were tests, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that students' learning outcomes of writing procedural texts increased, seen from the average score of the initial test was 66, while the average value of the final test was 87.83. The significance value obtains the Asymp value. Sig.0,000 < 0.05 meaning Ha was accepted, so it can be concluded that the use of Powtoon can improve the ability to write procedural texts for class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Cipanas. In addition, students' responses reveal that they enjoyed learning by using PowtoonKeywords: writing; Powtoons; procedure text
Eksistensi Perempuan Jawa dalam Novel "Mei Hwa dan Sang Pelintas Zaman" Karya Afifah Afra
Authors: Apriyani Tristanti , Safitri Febi Nurul
Published: April 2022

Dalam artikel ini akan dibahas eksistensi perempuan Jawa yang  bukan sekedar pelengkap atau “kanca wingking” saja, melainkan memiliki posisi dan peran yang sama dengan laki-laki. Afifah Afra menggambarkan tokoh utama dalam novel sebagai perempuan yang memaknai eksistensinya sebagai perempuan Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori eksistensialisme Simone De Beauvoir. Penelitian berupaya untuk mendeskripsikan keterlibatan tokoh perempuan Jawa dalam memperjuangkan eksistensi dirinya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara menyeleksi, mengklasifikasi, menafsirkan, memaknai data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diperoleh melalui validitas semantik, validitas referensial, dan reliabilitas intrarater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel memberikan gambaran kondisi perempuan Jawa yang eksistensinya begitu kompleks, sebagai individu, sebagai anggota keluarga, dan sebagai anggota masyarakatKatakunci: eksistensi; perempuan Jawa; Simone De Beauvoir; novel  Abstract:This article will discuss the existence of Javanese women who are not just complementary or “kanca wingking”, but have the same position and role as men. Afifah Afra describes the main character in the novel as a female character who interprets her existence as a Javanese woman. This research was conducted using Simone De Beauvoir's existentialism theory. This study attempts to describe the involvement of Javanese female characters in fighting for their existence. Data collection techniques were carried out by using documentation techniques and a literature study. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques were carried out by selecting, classifying, interpreting, interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions. The validity of the data was obtained through semantic validity, referential validity, and interrater reliability. The results of the study show that the novel provides a description of the condition of Javanese women whose existence is very complex, as individuals, as family members, and as members of society.Keywords: existence; Javanese women; Simone De Beauvoir; novel