bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model of the relationship between the variations of effectiveness and fairness in information retrieval
Authors: Melucci Massimo
Published: April 2024

The requirement that, for fair document retrieval, the documents should be ranked in the order to equally expose authors and organizations has been studied for some years. The fair exposure of a ranking, however, undermines the optimality of the Probability Ranking Principle and as a consequence retrieval effectiveness. It is shown how the variations of fairness and effectiveness can be related by a model. To this end, the paper introduces a fairness measure inspired in Gini’s index of mutability for non-ordinal variables and relates it to a general enough measure of effectiveness, thus modeling the connection between these two dimensions of Information Retrieval. The paper also introduces the measurement of the statistical significance of the fairness measure. An empirical study completes the paper.
Magnetic Magnetite-Graphene Oxide (Fe3O4-GO) Nanocomposites for Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Donga Cabangani , Mishra Shivani Bhardwaj , Ndlovu Lloyd Njoka , Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S. , Kuvarega Alex Tawanda , Mishra Ajay Kumar
Published: April 2024

Magnetic magnetite-graphene oxide (Fe3O4-GO) was synthesized using an in-situ precipitation technique and applied in the adsorption of cationic rhodamine B (RhB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) dyes from aqueous solution. The nanocomposite was characterized by different techniques including FTIR, XRD, Raman, XPS, PPMS, BET, SEM and TEM techniques. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to investigate the effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The synthesized Fe3O4-GO exhibited characteristic magnetic properties (saturation magnetization of 34 emu/g) and it separated from aqueous solution with ease through the application of an external magnetic field. The adsorption equilibrium time on the adsorption of RhB and MO onto Fe3O4-GO showed best removal of 99.12% for RhB after 60 min, while MO was removed efficiently after 120 min with a removal efficiency of 97.60%. The adsorption of the azo dyes followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with high correlation coefficients (0.99995) for RhB and (0.99925) for MO. Maximum removal of the dye pollutants by occurred at pH 8 for RhB and pH 4 for MO, while the optimal adsorbent dosage was 30 mg. The results showed that adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model and maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for RhB and MO at 70.64 and 15.94 mgg−1, respectively. The magnetic adsorbents were reused for a maximum of 7 cycles and showed reasonable stability and reproducibility. Furthermore, the results showed that Fe3O4-GO nanocomposite can be used as an effective material in the removal of dyes from wastewater.
2D Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymer Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylate and 1,4-Bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane Linkers: Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Studies
Authors: Demir Sevde , Dikmen Gökhan , Erer Hakan
Published: April 2024

As a result of hydrothermal synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylate (fdc2−), Cd(II) ion and bis(imidazole) derivative 1,4-bis(1H-imidazole-1-yl)butane (bib) ligand, a novel two-dimensional Cd(II) coordination polymer {[Cd(µ-fdc)(H2O)(µ-bib)]·H2O}n (1) was synthesized. According to the results of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the complex was crystallized in the monoclinic system and in the P21/n space group. In addition, the thermal, luminescence and optical properties of the complex were investigated. The complex emits a maximum at 509 nm and also shows semi-conductor properties according to the solid-state UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra results. To determine chemical structure, vibrational properties and some chemical properties of complex, theoretical calculations were carried out. All theoretical computations were performed using the DFT method at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical results. To calculate HOMO–LUMO energy values, which provided insights into the material's electronic properties, DFT calculations were used. Detailed information about the local and global chemical activity, as well as the electrophilic and nucleophilic nature of the complex, were also obtained.
New bounds for variable topological indices and applications
Authors: Granados Ana , Portilla Ana , Quintana Yamilet , Tourís Eva
Published: April 2024

One of the most important information related to molecular graphs is given by the determination (when possible) of upper and lower bounds for their corresponding topological indices. Such bounds allow to establish the approximate range of the topological indices in terms of molecular structural parameters. The purpose of this paper is to provide new inequalities relating several classes of variable topological indices including the first and second general Zagreb indices, the general sum-connectivity index, and the variable inverse sum deg index. Also, upper and lower bounds on the inverse degree in terms of the first general Zagreb are found. Moreover, the characterization of extremal graphs with respect to many of these inequalities is obtained. Finally, some applications are given.
Big cats persisting in human-dominated landscape: Habitat suitability and connectivity of leopards in central North China
Authors: Wang Yidan , Liu Mingzhang , Xia Fan , Wang Yiqing , Song Dazhao , Liu Yanlin , Li Sheng
Published: April 2024

Context

The leopard (Panthera pardus), the only large carnivore species occurring in central North China, has undergone substantial range contraction and population decline due to anthropogenic pressure across the region.

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to map its current suitable habitats and assess the degree of connectivity between core habitats to inform future conservation planning of this big cat at the landscape scale.

Methods

We conducted this study in central North China (34°11´ ~ 43°49´N, 103°11´ ~ 123°54´E, about 936,000 km2). We collected occurrence locations (N = 196) of leopards from 2014–2020, and modeled its habitat suitability using an “ensemble” species distribution model by incorporating environmental and anthropogenic variables. We then identified the potential dispersal corridors between core habitat patches (≥ 100 km2) through connectivity analysis.

Results

The leopards preferred humid forests at higher elevations with less human disturbance. Their suitable habitats were highly fragmented, with main core habitats located in Shanxi, Shaanxi, and the border between Gansu and Ningxia provinces. Among all the 8,679 km2 suitable habitats, we identified 14 core habitats (139–1,084 km2, mean = 495.21 km2) with a total area of 6,933 km2, among which only 25.26% (1,751 km2) are covered by nature reserves and only 11 core habitats were confirmed with leopard occurrence. We also identified 8 least-cost pathways among these core habitats with an average length of 57.22 km.

Conclusions

Our results revealed that, leopards are persisting in highly fragmented habitats with fragile connectivity among core habitats. The leopards remaining in North China should be considered and managed as a regional meta-population for their long-term persistence in the human-dominated landscape.
Intraoperative radiotherapy combined with spinal stabilization surgery—a novel treatment strategy for spinal metastases based on a first single-center experiences
Authors: Krauss P. , Wolfert C. L. , Sommer B. , Stemmer B. , Stueben G. , Kahl K. H. , Shiban E.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Current treatment of spinal metastases (SM) aims on preserving spinal stability, neurological status, and functional status as well as achieving local control. It consists of spinal surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment. Adjuvant therapy usually starts with a delay of a few weeks to prevent wound healing issues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has previously been successfully applied during brain tumor, breast and colorectal carcinoma surgery but not in SM, including unstable one, to date. In our case series, we describe the feasibility, morbidity and mortality of a novel treatment protocol for SM combining stabilization surgery with IORT.

Methods

Single center case series on patients with SM. Single session stabilization by navigated open or percutaneous procedure using a carbon screw-rod system followed by concurrent 50 kV photon-IORT (ZEISS Intrabeam). The IORT probe is placed via a guide canula using navigation, positioning is controlled by IOCT or 3D-fluroscopy enabling RT isodose planning in the OR.

Results

15 (8 female) patients (71 ± 10y) received this treatment between 07/22 and 09/23. Median Spinal Neoplastic Instability Score was 8 [7–10] IQR. Most metastasis were located in the thoracic (n = 11, 73.3%) and the rest in the lumbar (n = 4, 26.7%) spine. 9 (60%) patients received open, 5 (33%) percutaneous stabilization and 1 (7%) decompression only. Mean length of surgery was 157 ± 45 min. Eleven patients had 8 and 3 had 4 screws placed. In 2 patients radiotherapy was not completed due to bending of the guide canula with consecutive abortion of IORT. All other patients received 8 Gy isodoses at mdn. 1.5 cm [1.1–1.9, IQR] depth during 2-6 min. The patients had Epidural Spinal Cord Compression score 1a-3. Seven patients (46.7%) experienced adverse events including 2 surgical site infection (one 65 days after surgery).

Conclusion

50 kV photon IORT for SM and consecutive unstable spine needing surgical intervention is safe and feasible and can be a promising technique in selected cases.
General minimum velocity threshold for one-repetition maximum prediction in two squat variations: does the load–velocity profiling approach matter?
Authors: Fitas Afonso , Santos Paulo , Gomes Miguel , Pezarat-Correia Pedro , Vila-Chã Carolina , Mendonca Goncalo V.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Most studies examining the predictive value of the load–velocity relationship in determining one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the back squat implemented its direct determination to enable testing movement velocity within a predetermined set of relative loads (e.g., 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% 1RM). We determined whether a different approach of load–velocity profiling affects the accuracy of estimating 1RM.

Methods

Predictions based on a practical 2-point approach (no pre-determination of 1RM) were compared to those obtained with the conventional multipoint and 2-point approach (pre-determination of 1RM). 1RM was estimated relying on a reference minimum velocity threshold (MVT) of 0.3 ms−1. Analyses were conducted for separate back-squat variations (n = 13 Smith machine; n = 13 free-weight). Slopes and y-intercepts were compared. The accuracy of 1RM prediction was determined by contrasting actual vs. predicted 1RM values.

Results

The individual MVT did not differ from the general 0.3 ms−1 value in either back-squat variation. Slopes and y-intercepts were similar between all determination approaches. For the Smith machine, estimated 1RM did not differ from the actual value with either approach (mean misestimate: −1.83 to 0.02 kg). However, the limits of agreement were wide (~ 12 kg) and the absolute percent error was significantly different from 0 with all approaches (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

1RM can be estimated with similar accuracy with all profiling methods, irrespectively of the back squat variation. However, the free-weight variation displays higher systematic and random errors. It can be concluded that the wide limits of agreement preclude accurate 1RM estimations on an individual basis.
Optimizing soybean biofuel blends for sustainable urban medium-duty commercial vehicles in India: an AI-driven approach
Authors: Rajak Upendra , Chaurasiya Prem Kumar , Verma Tikendra Nath , Dasore Abhishek , Ağbulut Ümit , Meshram Kundan , Saleel CAhamed , Saboor Shaik , Cuce Erdem , Mian Zhibao
Published: April 2024

This article presents the outcomes of a research study focused on optimizing the performance of soybean biofuel blends derived from soybean seeds specifically for urban medium-duty commercial vehicles. The study took into consideration elements such as production capacity, economics and assumed engine characteristics. For the purpose of predicting performance, combustion and emission characteristics, an artificial intelligence approach that has been trained using experimental data is used. At full load, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) dropped as engine speed increased for biofuel and diesel fuel mixes, but brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased. The BSFC increased by 11.9% when diesel compared to using biofuel with diesel blends. The mixes cut both maximum cylinder pressure and

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emissions. The biofuel-diesel fuel proved more successful, with maximum reduction of 9.8% and 22.2 at rpm, respectively. The biofuel and diesel blend significantly improved carbon dioxide (

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) and smoke emissions. The biofuel blends offer significant advantages by decreeing exhaust pollutants and enhancing engine performance.

Graphical Abstract
Siderophore-producing bacteria from Spitsbergen soils—novel agents assisted in bioremediation of the metal-polluted soils
Authors: Majewska Małgorzata , Słomka Anna , Hanaka Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

Siderophores are molecules that exhibit a high specificity for iron (Fe), and their synthesis is induced by a deficiency of bioavailable Fe. Complexes of Fe-siderophore are formed extracellularly and diffuse through porins across membranes into bacterial cells. Siderophores can bind heavy metals facilitating their influx into cells via the same mechanism. The aim of the studies was to determine the ability of siderophore-producing bacteria isolated from soils in the north-west part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (Spitsbergen) to chelate non-Fe metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Sn, and Zn). Specially modified blue agar plates were used, where Fe was substituted by Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Sn, or Zn in metal-chrome azurol S (CAS) complex, which retained the blue color. It has been proven that 31 out of 33 strains were capable of producing siderophores that bind to Fe, as well as other metals. Siderophores from Pantoea sp. 24 bound only Fe and Zn, and O. anthropi 55 did not produce any siderophores in pure culture. The average efficiency of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Sn, and Zn chelation was either comparable or higher than that of Fe, while Al and Hg showed significantly lower efficiency. Siderophores produced by S. maltophilia 54, P. luteola 27, P. luteola 46, and P. putida 49 exhibited the highest non-Fe metal chelation activity. It can be concluded that the siderophores of these bacteria may constitute an integral part of the metal bioleaching preparation, and this fact will be the subject of further research.

Graphical Abstract
Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Subjective Vitality: Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Kütük Hasan , Satıcı Seydi Ahmet , Ümmet Durmuş , Okur Sinan
Published: April 2024

Childhood psychological maltreatment is an essential concept that can have an impact on an individual’s physical and psychological health. The majority of studies on childhood psychological maltreatment used a cross-sectional design. The fact that this concept, which has a long-term effect on an individual’s life, has not been investigated in longitudinal research has produced a gap in the literature. Our study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment, cognitive flexibility, and subjective vitality. The role of cognitive flexibility in the relation between childhood psychological maltreatment and subjective vitality was investigated in a Turkish sample (N = 270). In order to explain the relationship, a cross-lagged panel study in two waves was conducted. The results revealed that cognitive flexibility longitudinally mediates the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and subjective vitality. This research indicates that childhood psychological maltreatment reduces cognitive flexibility, which in turn influences subjective vitality.
Association Between Household Deprivation and Living in Informal Settlements and Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Under 5 in Eleven Latin American Cities
Authors: Alpaugh Victoria , Ortigoza Ana , Braverman Bronstein Ariela , Pérez-Ferrer Carolina , Wagner-Gutierrez Nicolle , Pacifico Natalia , Ezeh Alex , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Lovasi Gina , Bilal Usama
Published: April 2024

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children globally, mostly due to inadequate sanitary conditions and overcrowding. Poor housing quality and lack of tenure security that characterize informal settlements are key underlying contributors to these risk factors for childhood diarrhea deaths. The objective of this study is to better understand the physical attributes of informal settlement households in Latin American cities that are associated with childhood diarrhea. We used data from a household survey (Encuesta CAF) conducted by the Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), using responses from sampled individuals in eleven cities. We created a household deprivation score based on household water and sewage infrastructure, overcrowding, flooring and wall material, and security of tenure. We fitted a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to test the association between the deprivation score and its individual components and childhood diarrhea during the prior 2 weeks. We included a total of 4732 households with children, out of which 12.2% had diarrhea in the 2-week period prior to completing the survey. After adjusting for respondent age, gender, and city, we found a higher risk of diarrhea associated with higher household deprivation scores. Specifically, we found that the odds of diarrhea for children living in a mild and severe deprived household were 1.04 (95% CI 0.84–1.28) and 3.19 times (95% CI 1.80–5.63) higher, respectively, in comparison to households with no deprivation. These results highlight the connections between childhood health and deprived living conditions common in informal settlements.
Haptoglobin Attenuates Cerebrospinal Fluid Hemoglobin-Induced Neurological Deterioration in Sheep
Authors: Thomson Bart R. , Schwendinger Nina , Beckmann Katrin , Gentinetta Thomas , Couto Daniel , Wymann Sandra , Verdon Valérie , Buzzi Raphael M. , Akeret Kevin , Kronen Peter W. , Weinberger Eva M. , Held Ulrike , Seehusen Frauke , Richter Henning , Schaer Dominik J. , Hugelshofer Michael
Published: April 2024

Secondary brain injury (SBI) occurs with a lag of several days post-bleeding in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and is a strong contributor to mortality and long-term morbidity. aSAH-SBI coincides with cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) release into the cerebrospinal fluid. This temporal association and convincing pathophysiological concepts suggest that CSF-Hb could be a targetable trigger of SBI. However, sparse experimental evidence for Hb’s neurotoxicity in vivo defines a significant research gap for clinical translation. We modeled the CSF-Hb exposure observed in aSAH patients in conscious sheep, which allowed us to assess neurological functions in a gyrencephalic species. Twelve animals were randomly assigned for 3-day bi-daily intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of either Hb or Hb combined with the high-affinity Hb scavenger protein haptoglobin (Hb-Hp, CSL888). Repeated CSF sampling confirmed clinically relevant CSF-Hb concentrations. This prolonged CSF-Hb exposure over 3 days resulted in disturbed movement activity, reduced food intake, and impaired observational neuroscores. The Hb-induced neurotoxic effects were significantly attenuated when Hb was administered with equimolar haptoglobin. Preterminal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no CSF-Hb-specific structural brain alterations. In both groups, histology demonstrated an inflammatory response and revealed enhanced perivascular histiocytic infiltrates in the Hb-Hp group, indicative of adaptive mechanisms. Heme exposure in CSF and iron deposition in the brain were comparable, suggesting comparable clearance efficiency of Hb and Hb-haptoglobin complexes from the intracranial compartment. We identified a neurological phenotype of CSF-Hb toxicity in conscious sheep, which is rather due to neurovascular dysfunction than structural brain injury. Haptoglobin was effective at attenuating CSF-Hb-induced neurological deterioration, supporting its therapeutic potential.
Cancer-Related Health and Educational Needs and Faith-Based Health Beliefs in an Urban Muslim Population
Authors: Choudhri Aisha , Adams-Campbell Lucile , Bright Mireille , Zhu Jialing , Dash Chiranjeev
Published: April 2024

Cancer screening behaviors in Muslims are under-researched, and there is limited data on how it relates to their unique cultural and religious beliefs. We assessed cancer prevention and screening-related health needs in the Washington DC area. We developed the needs assessment questionnaires and recruitment strategy in collaboration with key faith leaders from four mosques in our catchment area. A total of 203 participants were recruited through community outreach and engagement approaches and were included in the discussion when developing the needs assessment to ensure questions were religiously and culturally sensitive. Of the 203 participants, 56% of women reported receiving screening for a mammogram, while 83% of women reported receiving a screening for cervical cancer. Among men, 45% reported receiving a prostate cancer antigen test to screen for prostate cancer. Among both men and women, 35% reported ever receiving a screening for colorectal cancer. Women reported relying more on their faith when dealing with health concerns than men. Those who did not get screened for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer relied more on their faith than those who did get screened for these cancers. Participants expressed interest in having health initiatives around cancer education, screening, and survivorship inside mosques. Faith beliefs can influence cancer screening behaviors; however, the relationship between these two variables needs further examination. Continued engagement with key faith leaders can help in leveraging religious beliefs to promote health education and cancer screening.
Effect of equilibrium contact angle on water equilibrium film thickness for the carbon dioxide–brine–mineral system based on surface force theory
Authors: Amadu Mumuni , Miadonye Adango
Published: April 2024

The thickness of the thin wetting film depends on disjoining pressure forces, and it evolves with pH evolution due to brine acidification at the physical and chemical conditions of geological carbon dioxide storage becoming thinner in response to dewetting. In the literature, molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies have been employed to understand the effect of pressure/capillary pressure on the thin wetting film evolution. In this paper, a theoretical approach based on the Frumkin–Derjaguin Equation (FDE), models of electric double layer repulsion, and van der Waals forces have been used for the calculation of the wetting film thickness. The approach excluded hydration forces contribution to disjoining pressure forces due partly to its poorly understood nature, and partly to the high salinity conditions encountered in geological carbon storage. Due to its promising global storage capacity compared to other lithologies, the carbon dioxide–brine–silica systems was chosen to simulate sandstone saline aquifers. The validation of the model benefited much from literature resources on data and a universal model of carbon dioxide–brine interfacial tension. Calculated results confirm pH-induced dewetting and they follow trends controlled by pH and pressure as found in the literature. The novelty of the paper can be seen from the fact that it has demonstrated a theoretical supplement to MDS studies in addition to justifying the fundamental utility and versatility of the FDE. Moreover, the paper links for the first time, a transcendental equation to the thin wetting film theory encountered in the carbon dioxide–solid–brine system found in geological carbon storage.
Scientific data and background behind the first detection of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Australia
Authors: Bond Samantha J. , Huston Daniel C. , Patel Shreya , Hodda Mike , Yadav Sonu , Bellgard Stanley E.
Published: April 2024

The parasitic guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang and Eisenback (syn. M. mayaguensis), has a wide distribution, host range and is established majorly in tropical-subtropical climates. A routine diagnostic analysis of symptomatic plant roots confirmed the first detection of M. enterolobii in Australia, near Darwin, Northern Territory. The morphology of female perineal patterns, second stage juveniles (J2s) and males were consistent with other reports of this species. The presence of M. enterolobii was first evaluated with a species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and the intergenic spacer region (IGS2), followed by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and II (COI & COII) and large subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) gene regions. The nematode was detected on several important crop-host plants in Australia’s Northern Territory including chilli, tomato, capsicum, cucumber, pumpkin, eggplant, snake bean and sweet potato. The ability of M. enterolobii to colonise a variety of weeds and native Australian plants makes management challenging. The route of introduction of M. enterolobii is presently unknown but is under investigation.
Sustainability assessment of orange peel waste valorization pathways from juice industries
Authors: Manakas Pantelis , Balafoutis Athanasios T. , Kottaridi Constantina , Vlysidis Anestis
Published: April 2024

A wide variety of products such as high value-added bioactive materials, biofuels, biochemicals and bioplastics can be obtained by the valorization of waste streams in a comprehensive and holistic biorefinery concept. In this study a meta-analysis of the available technologies utilizing organic waste derived from the juice industry is conducted. Initially, a mass flow analysis is performed to quantitatively illustrate the available orange peel waste volumes in the EU followed by a geographic distribution. The overall sustainability of the available valorization scenarios is then analyzed by considering critical environmental, economic and energy indicators and comparing innovative and conventional valorization technologies. Innovative technologies are better in terms of energy requirements and extraction time and also, in product yield and environmental performance than the conventional ones (85.1%, 9.5% and 47.9% lower CO2 eq values for the extraction of essential oils, pectin and phenolic compounds respectively). In terms of orange peel waste valorization scenarios, landfilling shares the largest environmental impact, followed by thermochemical and biological conversion alternatives. Complex biorefinery schemes are proportionate to environmental performance and energy consumption, but inversely proportionate to production cost. Finally, a trade-off analysis illustrates a positive correlation between environmental indicators of the most under study valorization scenarios.
Case study analysis of innovative producers toward sustainable integrated crop-livestock systems: trajectory, achievements, and thought process
Authors: Moojen Fernanda Gomes , Ryschawy Julie , Wulfhorst J. D. , Archer David W. , de Faccio Carvalho Paulo César , Hendrickson John R.
Published: April 2024

Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are more complex to properly manage than specialized farming systems due to multiple interactions between crops, livestock, and grassland. Despite individual and structural barriers to adopting sustainable ICLS, some innovative producers have successfully conducted integrated production practices. In this context, a research gap exists in understanding the motivations and incentives for transitioning to such systems. This study aims to address ICLS adoption barriers by analyzing the trajectory, achievements, and thought processes of 15 producers practicing ICLS. Our objectives were to (1) highlight producers’ perceptions of ICLS levers and barriers and (2) identify turning point factors that enabled producers to overcome the barriers. We used a unique set of cases in three continental regions (southern Brazil, the northern Great Plains region in the United States, and southern France) and conducted semi-structured interviews. Interviewees emphasized that ICLS imply dealing with barriers ranging from mindset change to operational adaptations, but they also emphasized the rewarding nature of ICLS when properly managed. All their trajectories had important turning points, such as programs or initiatives, human influence, and broader social and economic reasons that resulted in shifts in their production practices and thought processes. The cases also highlighted that integrating crops and livestock positively impacted family producers’ business outcomes, soil health, and livelihood options. Still, individual barriers, including operational management, and structural barriers, including stakeholder awareness and commitment, must be overcome. Encouraging initiatives that offer a systemic approach and promote knowledge exchange can address part of ICLS adoption barriers. Initiatives must embrace a broader innovation ecosystem, having extension teams in close contact with researchers and stakeholders to assist producers in providing support for a more sophisticated level of management that ICLS require. Overall, we found commonalities in consciousness and proactiveness in remarkable cases that could inspire broader sustainability transitions.
Temperature-Controlled Laser Processing of Shape Memory Wires: Spherical Ends as Connectors for System Integration
Authors: Schuleit Marvin , Kutlu Yunus , Maaß Burkhard , Stötzel Nicole , Frenzel Jan , Esen Cemal , Eggeler Gunther , Ostendorf Andreas
Published: April 2024

Nickel–Titanium-based shape memory alloys have reached a high technological relevance in the medical field and also for actuation/energy conversion. At present, the interest in new actuation solutions is steadily increasing. However, one important challenge for the design of new actuators is the lack of connection and coupling options, which often hinders a reliable system integration. To address this challenge, this study presents a temperature-controlled laser processing approach for the generation of spherical ends on shape memory wires, which allow a relatively simple integration into different types of systems (e.g., printed circuit boards) in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, an experimental setup with an integrated pyrometer was used to establish spherical ends on thin NiTi wires with a diameter of 0.24 mm. The resulting microstructures and the functional properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, uniaxial tensile testing, actuation fatigue testing, and hardness measurements. The results obtained in the present study indicate that our laser procedure successfully yields reliable connection options for NiTi wires, without harming the functional performance of the material.
Research on cooperative control method of comprehensive pressure relief and anchor grouting reinforcement in deep mining roadways
Authors: Jiang Zhenhua , Jiang Bei , Zhang Chong , Ma Yukun , Wang Yetai , Li Donghao , Wang Shuai
Published: April 2024

To address the surrounding rock control problems in high-stressed deep mining roadways, we used Suncun Coal Mine with maximum mining depth in China as the engineering background to analyze failure laws of surrounding rock of gob-side entry driving. Combined with field tests of anchor grouting parameters, we carried out numerical simulation with multi factors. The evolution of surrounding rock stress and displacement under different pressure relief parameters were clarified. On the basis, we proposed an integrated control method for the comprehensive pressure relief for coal and rock mass and anchor grouting reinforcement in deep mining roadway. We used geomechanical model test to compare gob-side entry driving method and this new method. The results showed that this new method can reduce average stress at the working face by 15.8% and peak stress of roadway shoulder by 12.5%. We applied this method in the field, which reduced roadway deformation by 535 mm.
Evolution of mining-induced water inrush disaster from a hidden fault in coal seam floor based on a coupled stress–seepage–damage model
Authors: Shao Jianli , Zhang Qi , Zhang Wenquan
Published: April 2024

Water inrush originating from hidden faults in the coal seam floor is challenging to prevent due to their concealed nature. This paper develops a coupled stress–seepage–damage model for simulating rock fracture, implemented using the finite element method. The model is validated against compression-seepage tests on rock samples, capturing realistic dynamics of shear and tensile damage as well as permeability. The model is applied to the 27305 working face of a coal mine in Shandong Province, China, revealing the evolution of water inrush caused by a hidden fault. The results indicate that as the working face progresses, both the floor damage and the internal damage within the hidden fault escalate gradually. When mining reaches 80 m, the hidden fault has been activated internally, and the depth of floor damage reaches 13 m, which still has a certain distance from the hidden fault. At 100 m, the depth of the floor damage has stabilized, while the stress concentration at the hidden fault's tip increases, and it begins to expand if conditions for tensile damage are met. By the time mining reaches 110 m, the hidden fault has expanded 9.2 m in length and connected with the floor damage zone, forming a water inrush channel that links the aquifer to the working face, presenting a significant water inrush risk. This work provides an intuitive approach to understanding the evolution of water inrush from a hidden fault, aiding in the prevention of water inrush disasters in practical engineering applications.
Mustafa Hamid: al-Qaidas „wichtigster Historiker“ oder verzerrender Propagandist und Ideologe?
Authors: Häußermann Nikolai
Published: April 2024

In vorliegenden Artikel wird die Zuverlässigkeit eines „afghanischen Arabers“ namens Mustafa Hamid als historische Quelle untersucht. Hamids Texte bieten einen einzigartigen Einblick in die Entwicklung al-Qaidas, die Ursprünge der Taliban-Bewegung und die ersten Anfänge des Islamischen Staates. Diese Schilderungen sind besonders interessant, weil Hamid die entscheidenden Protagonisten persönlich kannte, die Entwicklungen der sogenannten „afghanischen Araber“ an der afghanisch-pakistanischen Grenze in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren hautnah miterlebte und zum Teil selbst mitgestaltete. Diese Vorteile werfen aber auch ein Problem auf: Inwieweit konnte Hamid aufgrund seiner persönlichen Einbindung in die Ereignisse, Prozesse und Organisationen vertraut werden?
AttSiOff: a self-attention-based approach on siRNA design with inhibition and off-target effect prediction
Authors: Liu Bin , Yuan Ye , Pan Xiaoyong , Shen Hong-Bin , Jin Cheng
Published: April 2024

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is often used for function study and expression regulation of specific genes, as well as the development of small molecule drugs. Selecting siRNAs with high inhibition and low off-target effects from massive candidates is always a great challenge. Increasing experimentally-validated samples can prompt the development of machine-learning-based algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Graph Neural Network (GNN). However, these methods still suffer from limited accuracy and poor generalization in designing potent and specific siRNAs.

In this study, we propose a novel approach for siRNA inhibition and off-target effect prediction, named AttSiOff. It combines a self-attention-based siRNA inhibition predictor with an mRNA searching package and an off-target filter. The predictor gives the inhibition score via analyzing the embedding of siRNA and local mRNA sequences, generated from the pre-trained RNA-FM model, as well as other meaningful prior-knowledge-based features. Self-attention mechanism can detect potentially decisive features, which may determine the inhibition of siRNA. It captures global and local dependencies more efficiently than normal convolutions. The tenfold cross-validation results indicate that our model outperforms all existing methods, achieving PCC of 0.81, SPCC of 0.84, and AUC of 0.886. It also reaches better performance of generalization and robustness on cross-dataset validation. In addition, the mRNA searching package could find all mature mRNAs for a given gene name from the GENOMES database, and the off-target filter can calculate the amount of unwanted off-target binding sites, which affects the specificity of siRNA. Experiments on five mature siRNA drugs, as well as a new target gene (AGT), show that AttSioff has excellent convenience and operability in practical applications.

Graphical Abstract
Elasto-inertial instability in torsional flows of shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids
Authors: More Rishabh V. , Patterson R. , Pashkovski E. , McKinley G.H.
Published: April 2024

It is well known that inertia-free shearing flows of a viscoelastic fluid with curved streamlines, such as the torsional flow between a rotating cone and plate or the flow in a Taylor–Couette geometry, can become unstable to a three-dimensional time-dependent instability at conditions exceeding a critical Weissenberg (

$Wi$

) number. However, the combined effects of fluid elasticity, shear thinning and finite inertia (as quantified by the Reynolds number

$Re$

) on the onset of elasto-inertial instabilities are not fully understood. Using a set of cone–plate geometries, we experimentally explore the entire

$Wi$

–

$Re$

phase space for a series of nonlinear viscoelastic fluids (with the dependence on shear rate

$\dot{\gamma}$

quantified using a shear-thinning parameter

$\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$

). We tune

$\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$

by varying the dissolved polymer concentration in solution. This progressively reduces shear thinning but leads to finite inertial effects before the onset of elastic instability, and thus naturally results in elasto-inertial coupling. Time-resolved rheometric measurements and flow visualization experiments allow us to investigate the effects of flow geometry, and document the combined effects of varying

$Wi, Re$

and

$\beta _P(\dot {\gamma })$

on the emergence of secondary motions at the onset of instability. The resulting critical state diagram quantitatively depicts the competition between the stabilizing effects of shear thinning and the destabilizing effects of inertia. We extend the curved streamline instability criterion of Pakdel & McKinley (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, no. 12, 1996, p. 2459) for the onset of purely elastic instability in curvilinear geometries by using scaling arguments to incorporate shear thinning and finite inertial effects. The augmented condition facilitates predictions of the onset of instability over a broader range of flow conditions, and thus bridges the gap between purely elastic and elasto-inertial curved streamline instabilities.
The effect of permeability on the flow structure of porous square cylinders
Authors: Seol Chansoo , Kim Taewoo , Kim Taehoon
Published: April 2024

This study experimentally investigates the wake structure of a porous square cylinder in terms of permeability over two decades of

$Da$

(i.e.

$2.4 \times 10^{-5} < Da < 2.9 \times 10^{-3}$

). The porous cylinder, featuring a simple cubic lattice structure, was fabricated using an additive manufacturing technique. This unique method, combined with a periodic and scalable lattice structure, effectively isolates permeability from porosity, making it suitable for an in-depth parametric study. The key parameter, permeability, was directly estimated by measuring the pressure drop and superficial velocity for each porous case in an open-loop pipe flow system. The downstream flow fields were obtained using standard planar particle image velocimetry measurements in an open-loop wind tunnel. Based on the experimental data, structural modifications in the near wake were examined in relation to permeability, leading to the identification of four distinct flow regimes depending on

$Da$

. Additionally, the downstream flow adjustment length (

$L_i$

) was assessed by introducing a permeability-based source term into the momentum equation, facilitating the development of an analytical model for

$L_i$

. The present experimental data support this analytical model, and our results further confirmed that

$L_i$

plays a crucial role as a characteristic length scale in the near wake.
A multimodal approach to polysemy: the senses of touch
Authors: Bolumar Martínez Irene , Alcaraz Carrión Daniel , Valenzuela Manzanares Javier
Published: April 2024

This study investigated whether speakers use multimodal information (speech and gesture) to differentiate the physical and emotional meanings of the polysemous verb touch. We analyzed 302 hand gestures that co-occurred with this perception verb. For each case, we annotated (1) the meaning of touch (physical vs. emotional), (2) the gesture referent speakers physically touched (other-touch vs. self-touch), (3) the personal pronoun following the verb and (4) if they used intensifiers and negation. There were three main findings. First, we have seen that when speakers express the physical meaning, they are likely to reach an external referent (other-touch), but when they imply the emotional meaning, they tend to touch their own body (self-touch). Second, the most frequent co-speech gesture (chest-touching gesture) was associated with the emotional meaning, uncovering the metaphor the heart is container for emotions. Third, this study showed that the physical meaning of touch usually coexists with a wide variety of personal pronouns and negation words; in contrast, the emotional meaning of touch occurs primarily with the pronoun me and it is usually modified by intensifiers. Thus, speakers use both speech and gesture to differentiate the meanings of the polysemous verb touch.
Midfrontal conflict theta and parietal P300 are linked to a latent factor of DSM externalising disorders
Authors: Neo Phoebe S.-H. , McNaughton Neil , Sellbom Martin
Published: April 2024

Psychiatric illnesses form spectra rather than categories, with symptoms varying continuously across individuals, i.e., there is no clear break between health and disorder. Dimensional measures of behaviour and brain activity are promising targets for studying biological mechanisms that are common across disorders. Here, we assessed the extent to which neural measures of the sensitivity of the three biological systems in the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) could account for individual differences in a latent general factor estimated from symptom counts across externalising disorders (EXTs). RST explanatory power was pitted against reduced P300, a reliable indicator of externalising per previous research. We assessed 206 participants for DSM-5 EXTs (antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intermittent explosive disorder symptoms, alcohol use disorder, and cannabis use disorder). Of the final sample, 49% met diagnostic criteria for at least one of the EXTs. Electroencephalographic measures of the sensitivities of the behavioural activation system (BAS), the fight/flight/freeze system, and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), as well as P300 were extracted from the gold bar-lemon and stop-signal tasks. As predicted, we found that low neural BIS sensitivity and low P300 were uniquely and negatively associated with our latent factor of externalising. Contrary to prediction, neural BAS/“dopamine” sensitivity was not associated with externalising. Our results provide empirical support for low BIS sensitivity and P300 as neural mechanisms common to disorders within the externalising spectrum; but, given the low N involved, future studies should seek to assess the replicability of our findings and, in particular, the differential involvement of the three RST systems.
The indications, surgical techniques, and complications of transoral robotic surgery in total laryngectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Poutoglidis Alexandros , Forozidou Evropi , Fyrmpas Georgios , Vlachtsis Konstantinos , Karamitsou Paraskevi
Published: April 2024

Objective

Transoral robotic surgery total laryngectomy is a promising procedure. We conducted a systematic review to study the indications, surgical techniques and complications of this procedure.

Methods

We followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement.

Results

We concluded with 5 studies and 27 surgeries. The main indications of transoral robotic surgery total laryngectomy were selected recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, dysfunctional larynx, and specific primary non-squamous cell carcinoma laryngeal cancers. The rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula was 20 per cent overall. In every reported cancer case, the specimen was excised within negative surgical margins. The average time of the procedure was 282.6 minutes.

Conclusion

Transoral robotic surgery total laryngectomy is a safe procedure of high value. The preservation of strap muscles and hyoid bone as well as the sacrifice of less mucosa compared to the traditional technique reduces the risk of certain complications and improves the swallowing outcome.
Incidence and distribution of contralateral lymph node metastasis associated with human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kornfeld Belen , Kyang Lee , Taha Ahmed , McCloy Rachael , Chin Vanessa , Leavers Brett , Floros Peter , Earls Peter , Forstner Dion , Addison Alfred , Crawford Julia , Gallagher Richard
Published: April 2024

Objective

To analyse the rate of contralateral nodal metastasis in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma and identify the patient cohorts that would benefit from bilateral neck treatment.

Methods

A retrospective cohort review was performed on 110 HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery and bilateral neck dissections from 2012 to 2022. The primary outcome was to investigate the pathological incidence and location of contralateral neck node metastasis.

Results

The contralateral nodal disease rate was 12.7 per cent (n = 14), of which 2 patients (2 per cent) were occult findings, with comparable results between tongue base and tonsil sub-groups. The most commonly involved contralateral nodal station was level II (11 of 110 patients, 10 per cent). The presence of extra-nodal extension and multiple ipsilateral positive nodes was associated with increased risk of contralateral nodal disease.

Conclusion

The incidence of contralateral nodal and occult disease in the studied cohort is low. The characteristics of patients who may benefit from bilateral neck treatment were demonstrated.