bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Dong Chong Hai , Ma Xin Wei
Published: February 2014

This paper investigates the static mechanical properties and flexural impact properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) reinforced by the basalt fiber through various experimental works. The results indicate that the highest flexural and compressive strength can be obtained when the fiber content is 3kg/m3. Length and diameter of basalt fiber both influence the mechanical properties. The basalt fiber of 25mm long and 18μ in diameter can have an ideal strengthening effect. The static mechanical properties and flexural impact resistance can be improved to a considerable extent.
Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam
Authors: Agel Petr , Lokaj Antonín
Published: February 2014

Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .
Experimental Research on Cutting Temperature of AISI 1045 in High Speed Milling Process
Authors: Feng Yong , Wang Mu Lan , Wang Bao Sheng , Hou Jun Ming
Published: February 2014

The aim of this paper is to investigate the time dependence distribution of workpiece cutting temperature in milling process. An experimental system used to achieve a measurement of cutting temperature in high speed milling is designed by use of the thermocouple and infrared thermal imager. The general regularity of temperature distribution is concluded, and the influence of the process variables such as cutting speed, cutting depth, etc. on the temperature distribution was investigated in detail. All the experiment results can be effective used to develop a new non-contact soft-sensing method for high speed cutting temperature prediction.
Research on Diagenesis of Volcanic Reservoirs in YS2,3 Well Fields
Authors: Liu Cheng Zhi , Zhang Jing Yao , Wan Yang
Published: February 2014

Based on the comprehensive utilization of core, thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy and other technical means, through the YS2, 3 well fields of volcanic rock lithology and lithofacies analysis; understand that the formation and evolution of volcanic reservoirs play a constructive role and destructive effect ，which has important guiding significance[1,2].
Calculation of Electron State's Change around the Corner of Spin Interference Device in the Semiconductor
Authors: Dong Xiao
Published: February 2014

In kogas paper they assume that the process of electronic get through the curvature of the square loop interference device adiabatic.Thats means the electronic will retain both dynamical spin phase and the geometrical berry phase when it get through the curvature of the interference device.But this is an ideal assumption,in the actual situation the electrons coherent state will change when it get through the curvature of the square loop interferometer. Through this papers calculation we can learn how electrons coherent state change when it get through the curvature.
The Research and Application Based on Removable High-Precision DC Weak Current Sensor
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Song Nan , Chen Ji Xin , Ren Ming Xin , Huang Hai Bo , Yang Chun , Qu Lin Kui , Shi Chun Xiang , Zhou Fang
Published: February 2014

sensor used in DC ground fault detection system according to measurement method can be divided into low frequency AC signal detecting and DC signal detecting of leakage current . It greatly affect the accuracy of the earth fault signal because of the existence of capacitance in the detecting of low frequency AC signal and it doesnt have online measurement DC current sensor in the market when we want to measure load leakage current. Caliper DC ammeter cant meet the requirements in DC system ground fault diction in terms of resolution, accuracy, range, on-line installation and on-line measurement.
Environmental and Economic Comparative Analysis between Lithium Ion Battery and NiMH Battery of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Gao Yang , Li Yu Ke , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2014

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, power battery market demand rapidly expanding, battery scrap and recycling has become a serious problem. Based on the analysis and forecast of waste battery amount from 2014 to 2024, the paper researched the future theoretical metal recycling amount of power battery in China. Life cycle assessment method is used to establish a waste lithium ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries recycling process of environmental impact assessment model, and the data lists of recycling process are built. The environmental impact load are analyzed and compared. Through the establishment of economic analysis model of waste battery recycling process, the economic performance is quantified. To develop the recycling of waste power battery mode, laws, regulations and relevant technical standards for China[, this paper provide the method reference and data support.
Simulation of Voltage Scaling Aware Mobile Battery Charge Controller Sensor on FPGA
Authors: Islam S.M. Mohaiminul , Pandey Bishwajeet , Mahbub-E-Noor Md. , Siddiquee Shah Md. Tanvir , Jaiswal Shashank
Published: February 2014

In this work, we are using Voltage Scaling as energy efficient technique to make energy efficient MBCCS. In MBCCS, whenever voltage or current of battery will under the threshold level the battery will continuing the charge if more than voltage or current threshold then battery will invoke Ring Overcharge Alarm. In Voltage Scaling, we scale down supply voltage from 1V to 0.1V, where 0.9V, 0.8V, 0.7V, 0.6V, 0.5V, 0.4V, 0.3V and 0.2V are intermediate supply voltage value. There is 92.72%, 87.50%, 98.77% and 68.24% reduction in Clock Power, Logic Power, Signal Power and IO Power on 1 THz device operating frequency when voltage is scale down from 1V to 0.1V with step size of 0.1V.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Void Structures in Vitreous Silica
Authors: Ding Yuan Fa , Guo Zhi Min , Su Xiang Dong , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2014

In order to investigate the density anomaly of vitreous silica in the medium-or long-range order, different models were made to study the atomic configuration revolution in thermal history by molecular dynamics. The void structures have been studied through analyzing the best model that is carefully selected. The principle of void size distribution revolution at elevated temperatures was used to explain the density anomaly of the vitreous silica. The simulation results showed that when the temperature is low, the void radius increases with the temperature rising. After 2000 K, large void structures are destroyed, filled, or separated into small radius voids. In the range from 2000 K to 2400 K, large void structures decrease faster exceeding the bond extension on thermal expansion contribution, this should be the root cause of negative thermal expansion behavior for vitreous silica. When the temperature is greater than 2400 K, with the temperature rising, the normal thermal expansion is recovered gradually because number of large voids has been reduced and their destroying cannot eliminate the contribution to expansion of bond extension. Therefore, the negative thermal expansion of vitreous silica could be described by the revolution of void structures in the medium-or long-range clearly, and is mainly influenced by the existence and change of larger voids.
A Geometry Method for Calculating the Fiber Diameter Reduction in Melt Blowing
Authors: Xie Sheng , Zeng Yong Chun
Published: February 2014

Melt blowing is one of the important methods for producing ultrafine fibers. The production of melt blowing is the nonwoven. Fiber diameter has crucial effect on the property of the nonwovens. In the melt-blowing process, many achievements have been published on the fiber diameter distribution along the spinning line. Note that all the results were obtained by methods of mechanical analysis, online measurements through high-speed photography and offline measurements from the production of nonwoven. In this study, a new method for calculating the fiber diameter distribution along the spinning line near the die face was revealed. This method was based on the geometry of the fiber path in the melt-blowing process. The fiber diameter reduction was calculated by this method and then compared with the experimental results obtained by other researchers. The results show that the proposed method is feasible.
Effect of Reduction Process Parameter in Direct Reduction Process of Laterite to Produce Substitute Pig Iron for Thin Wall Ductile Iron Material
Authors: Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi , Simarmata Rosoebaktian , Kawigraha Adji , Sulamet-Ariobimo Rianti Dewi , Rustandi Andi , Tjahyono Seto , Zamri Aidil
Published: February 2014

Many parameters are involved in reduction process but carbon availability, process temperature and process time hold the role. This research conducted to find the relation effects of three main factors mention previously. This research used lateritic rocks from Sebuku Island as the iron source and coal as carbon source. Particle size with the highest Fe content is used for reduction process. Variations in reduction process made in mass ratio, process temperature, and process time. The mass ratios are 1:4 and 1:5. The process temperatures are 900OC and 1000OC. Process times are 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Characterization process used XRD and XRF. The results show that carbon availability is important and combinations of higher carbon supplies and process temperature are able to prevent further oxidation.
Comparison between Slip Casting and Cold Isostatic Pressing for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Zirconia
Authors: Amat Noor Faeizah , Muchtar Andanastuti , Yahaya Norziha , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , Hao Chin Chuin
Published: February 2014

Consolidation of ceramic parts may be achieved by several techniques, including the slip casting and cold isostatic pressing (CIP) methods. In the present work, the performances of the two methods are compared in the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia compacts for dental crown applications. First, a zirconia suspension suitable for slip casting was prepared. The rheological properties of the zirconia suspension were optimized by adding a dispersant agent and controlling the pH. Zirconia slurries were then slip-cast into a pellet. Second, another group of zirconia pellets were fabricated using uniaxial pressing and were then cold-isostatically pressed. Both slip-cast and CIP samples were sintered at 1300 °C with a soaking time of 2 hrs. The mechanical properties of both samples were compared. The samples prepared by slip casting were denser compared with those prepared via CIP. Slip casting technique produced samples with 98.8% of the theoretical density, which resulted in the high Vickers hardness (11.4 GPa) of the slip-cast samples. Morphological studies revealed that the microstructures of the slip cast-sample were more homogeneous and contain no porosity. The formation of such a structure is due to the enhancement of the particle packing efficiency by slip casting as well as to the removal of larger agglomerates by colloidal processing prior to casting. As a consolidation stage, slip casting appears to be more suitable than the CIP technique in preparing reliable nanostructural ceramic parts.
Preparation and Properties of Pressed Metakaolin and Fly Ash Based Alkali-Activated Binders
Authors: Boháčová Jana , Staněk Stanislav , Mec Pavel
Published: February 2014

Metakaolin, fly ashes and other secondary raw materials serves as suitable input in preparation of alkali-activated binders. This work deals with preparation of alkali-activated materials based on metakaoline and fly ash. Mixtures were prepared with a minimum of mixture water, ready for pressing. Prepared specimens were tested for tensile strength and pressure strength, resistance to high temperatures, frost resistance and resistance to water and salt.
A Predictive Model of Behavioral Problems in Elementary School Children.
Authors: Song Hee Seung , Shin Hee Sun
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to develop and test a model which explains the relationship among factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children.METHODS: The participants for the study were 368 elementary school children and their mothers at 3 elementary schools in one city. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 17.0 program for t-test, -test, and ANOVA and the AMOS 17.0 program for theoretical model testing.RESULTS: The theoretical model showed a significant goodness of fit to the empirical data (Goodness of Fit Index: .96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index: .93 Comparative Fit Index: .95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: .06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual: .02). Six paths were found to be statistically significant including from child rearing attitude to self-esteem, stress, stress coping and behavioral problems, and from self-esteem to stress and behavioral problems. Child rearing attitude showed a significant effect to behavioral problems by total effect.Self-esteem affected behavioral problems by total and direct effects.CONCLUSION: Child rearing attitude and self-esteem of children are important factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children.
Isolation of Mycobacterium branderi, an unusual species from an acute myelogenous leukemia patient
Authors: Marjani Majid , Farshidpour Maham , Tabarsi Payam , Sheikholslami Fatemeh-Maryam , Farnia Parissa
Published: February 2014

We report a case of pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium branderi, a slow growing non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. The pulmonary disease was treated successfully with the combination of Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline and Clarithromycin. M. branderi may be considered as an opportunistic pathogen, especially among immunologically compromised patients.
Postpartal Subclinical Endometritis Alters Transcriptome Profiles in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows
Authors: Akbar Haji , Cardoso Felipe C. , Meier Susanne , Burke Christopher , Mcdougall Scott , Mitchell Murray , Walker Caroline , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L. , Everts Robin E. , Lewin Harris A. , Roche John R. , Loor Juan J.
Published: February 2014

Transcriptome alterations in liver and adipose tissue of cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE) at 29 d postpartum were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach by means of KEGG and DAVID databases. Milk production, blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, magnesium), and disease biomarkers (albumin, aspartate aminotransferase) did not differ greatly between healthy and SCE cows. In liver tissue of cows with SCE, alterations in gene expression revealed an activation of complement and coagulation cascade, steroid hormone biosynthesis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, MAPK signaling, and the formation of fibrinogen complex. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed an inhibition of vitamin B3 and B6 metabolism with SCE. In adipose, the most activated pathways by SCE were nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, long-chain fatty acid transport, oxidative phosphorylation, inflammation, T cell and B cell receptor signaling, and mTOR signaling. Results indicate that SCE in dairy cattle during early lactation induces molecular alterations in liver and adipose tissue indicative of immune activation and cellular stress.
An advanced method for flood risk analysis in river deltas, applied to societal flood fatality risks in the Netherlands
Authors: de Bruijn K. M. , Diermanse F. L. M. , Beckers J. V. L.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. This paper discusses the new method developed to analyse flood risks in river deltas. Risk analysis of river deltas is complex, because both storm surges and river discharges may cause flooding and since the effect of upstream breaches on downstream water levels and flood risks must be taken into account. A Monte Carlo based flood risk analysis framework for policy making was developed, which considers both storm surges and river flood waves and includes hydrodynamic interaction effects on flood risks. It was applied to analyse societal flood fatality risks (the probability of events with more than N fatalities) in the Rhine–Meuse delta.
The Cathedral of Humanity on Halsted Street Jane Addams, Auguste Comte, and Edward Caird
Authors: Eddy Beth
Published: February 2014

Jane Addams played an integral role in the development of a pragmatic ethic. Influenced by Darwinian naturalism, Addams found her religious calling as the founder of an American settlement house, Hull House. On a postgraduation European tour Addams visited Toynbee Hall and met followers of Auguste Comte's Religion of Humanity and adherents of Edward Caird's Oxford Hegelian idealism. Comte's account of the social organism provides Addams with an alternative to Spencer's social Darwinism, one more compatible with Addams's social gospel ethics. Caird's Hegelian interpretation of the evolution of Christianity shaped the settlement movement. Addam's saw her American settlement house as the perfect environment for developing American democratic and humanistic faith.
The Natural: Malamud's Metamyth of a Moral Will Through the Moral Hero
Authors: Salinas Oscar
Published: February 2014

Roy Hobbs was born to be a Great Man. In addition to the physical gifts of a natural athlete, Roy possesses the traits of a moral hero: empathy, reflectivity, and autonomy. Yet he fails both as baseball hero and moral hero. Why? In The Natural, Malamud tackles the age-old philosophical problem of free will versus determinism. Through narrative, he presents the novel argument that though there is no free will, there is the possibility of a moral will through determinism, in particular through the example of the moral hero who has been nurtured to be strong enough to be good.
Switched adaptive stabilization of switched nonlinearly parameterized cascade systems and its application to a two inverted pendulums
Authors: Long Lijun , Zhao Jun
Published: February 2014

This paper studies adaptive control of switched nonlinearly parameterized cascade systems. No solvability of the adaptive control problem for subsystems is required. By exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and the parameter separation technique and the tool of adding a power integrator, we develop a new switched adaptive control approach for the explicit construction of adaptive controllers of subsystems and a proper switching law that solves the adaptive stabilization problem. A key feature of the proposed adaptive controllers is its switched property, namely, each subsystem has its individual update law. A two‐inverted pendulum as a practical example is also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mehr als MoS2: zweidimensionale Edelmetalldichalkogenide
Authors: Miró Pere , Ghorbani‐Asl Mahdi , Heine Thomas
Published: February 2014

Die Struktur und elektronische Struktur von schichtförmigen Edelmetalldichalkogeniden MX2 mit Edelmetallatomen M (Pt und Pd) und Chalkogenatomen X (S, Se und Te) wurden mithilfe der Dichtefunktionaltheorie und periodischen Randbedingungen untersucht. Die MS2‐Monolagen sind Halbleiter mit indirekter Bandlücke, während die analogen MSe2‐ und MTe2‐Systeme eine signifikant geringere Bandlücke aufweisen und sogar metallisch bzw. halbmetallisch sein können. Unter mechanischer Ausdehnung werden die MX2‐Materialien Halbleiter mit quasi‐direkter Bandlücke. Die mechanische Deformation und die elektronischen Transporteigenschaften dieser Materialien weisen auf potenzielle Anwendungen im Bereich der Nanoelektronik mit flexiblen Materialien hin.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenativeortho‐N‐Carbazolation of Diarylamines: Versatile Access to Unsymmetrical Diamines
Authors: Louillat Marie‐Laure , Biafora Agostino , Legros Fabien , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: February 2014

The dehydrogenative C–N cross‐coupling of unprotected, secondary anilines throughortho‐N‐carbazolation has been achieved using a Ru catalytic system with O2as the terminal oxidant. The reactions proceed in an intermolecular fashion, selectively in theorthoposition. Implications for the field of organic synthesis are discussed.
Mixed‐Organic‐Cation Perovskite Photovoltaics for Enhanced Solar‐Light Harvesting
Authors: Pellet Norman , Gao Peng , Gregori Giuliano , Yang Tae‐Youl , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Maier Joachim , Grätzel Michael
Published: February 2014

Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite APbX3 pigments, such as methylammonium lead iodide, have recently emerged as excellent light harvesters in solid‐state mesoscopic solar cells. An important target for the further improvement of the performance of perovskite‐based photovoltaics is to extend their optical‐absorption onset further into the red to enhance solar‐light harvesting. Herein, we show that this goal can be reached by using a mixture of formamidinium (HN=CHNH3+, FA) and methylammonium (CH3NH3+, MA) cations in the A position of the APbI3 perovskite structure. This combination leads to an enhanced short‐circuit current and thus superior devices to those based on only CH3NH3+. This concept has not been applied previously in perovskite‐based solar cells. It shows great potential as a versatile tool to tune the structural, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of the light‐harvesting materials.
Magnetic Prospection of the Pre‐Columbian Archaeological Site of El Caño in the cultural region of Gran Coclé, Panama
Authors: Mojica Alexis , Pastor Louis , Camerlynck Christian , Florsch Nicolas , Tabbagh Alain
Published: February 2014

The archaeological site of El Caño is located in the cultural region of Gran Coclé and is one of the most important pre‐Columbian ceremonial complexes of the Isthmus of Panama. El Caño is 3.57 ha in area presents a set of mounds and alignment of columns of carved basalt and tuff. The first organized occupation is dated between 100 and 400 bc, and this occupation lasted until the arrival of the Spanish conquerors. In order to determine the spatiotemporal organization of the site, the first magnetic and electrical surveys of this archaeological site were performed in 2005 and 2006. Although the resistivity mapping survey did not offer any information about buried stone structures, the magnetic survey in gradiometer mode produced well‐characterized magnetic anomalies. A circular magnetic anomaly in the central area of the site allowed the discovery of one of the largest Panamanian pre‐Columbian funerary complexes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful treatment of failing biological prosthesis because of “Stent creep” with valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Attia Rizwan , Papalexopoulou Niovi , Hancock Jane , Young Christopher , Thomas Martyn , Bapat Vinnie
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Stent creep is an uncommon mode of structural deterioration of bioprosthetic heart valves defined by a permanent inward deflection of the stent posts. This may occur because of valve over‐sizing and leads to intrinsic valve stenosis. It has been described in older generation of bioprosthesis and was thought not to occur in modern devices.

Methods

We describe three patients who were referred for bioprosthetic valve degeneration with presumed aortic stenosis. Investigations demonstrated mid valvular gradient predominantly because of stent creep. We performed valve‐in‐valve TAVI with Edward SAPIEN prosthesis.

Results

Median age was 84 and logistic EuroSCORE 34.4. All patients had degenerated bioprosthesis with mean implant duration of 5.6 years. Two patients had Carpentier Edwards Perimount prosthesis (19 and 23 mm) and one patient had a Mitroflow (21 mm). Mean gradients were 33, 54, and 22 mm Hg. About 23 mm Edward SAPIEN valve was implanted in all cases with immediate improvement in haemodynamics with mean gradient reduction to 10, 17, and 8 mm Hg, respectively. The mean aortic valve area increased from 0.63 to 1.76cm2. There were no serious adverse events. The patients improved from NYHA III/IV to I/II post procedure and remain well at median follow‐up of 24‐months. Discussion: Stent creep is an uncommon mode of structural deterioration in bioprosthetic heart valves. It has been described in the previous generation of bioprosthesis. It is important to distinguish leaflet dysfunction and stent creep. By forcing the stent posts outwards a balloon expandable TAVI device can be used to treat this condition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of residual shunt rates in five devices used to treat patent foramen ovale
Authors: Matsumura Koichiro , Gevorgyan Rubine , Mangels Daniel , Masoomi Reza , Mojadidi Mohammad Khalid , Tobis Jonathan
Published: February 2014

Objectives

To assess the effective closure rate among devices used for transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, and to discuss the management of patients with large residual shunts.

Background

Several devices are used off‐label for transcatheter closure of a PFO in the United States. The rate of residual shunting after PFO closure varies by device. Failure of effective closure poses risk of a recurrent cerebrovascular event, persistent migraine, or recurrent orthodeoxia.

Methods

Patients who underwent PFO closure in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory at UCLA between 2001 and 2013 and had baseline and adequate follow‐up transcranial Doppler studies following device placement were enrolled in the study.

Results

Of 167 patients whose records were analyzed, effective PFO closure occurred in 90% (150/167) of patients. The highest effective closure rate was with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO; 100%), followed by the Amplatzer Cribriform (93%), Gore Helex (90%), Amplatzer PFO (86%), and CardioSEAL (86%) device. The highest rate of residual shunting was observed after placement of the 30‐mm Gore Helex device (55%). Of the 17 patients with a residual shunt, three required a repeat PFO closure procedure due to a significant residual shunt associated with recurrent pulmonary emboli or profound orthodeoxia. All three patients received an ASO which successfully closed the residual shunt.

Conclusions

Transcatheter PFO closure has a high success rate, but a moderate residual shunt occurs in about 10% of cases. The observed incidence of residual shunting after PFO closure is significantly larger with the 30‐mm Helex device. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incomplete left atrial appendage occlusion and thrombus formation after Watchman implantation treated with anticoagulation followed by further transcatheter closure with a second‐generation Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (Amulet device)
Authors: Lam Simon Cheung Chi , Bertog Stefan , Sievert Horst
Published: February 2014

We report a case of incomplete left atrial appendage (LAA) closure after Watchman device (Atritech, Boston Scientific, Natrick, MA) implantation which subsequently developed a thrombus 3 years after the initial procedure. The thrombus resolved after a short period of anticoagulation with warfarin, and the LAA was successfully occluded with a second‐generation Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (Amulet device, AGA, St Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN). Incomplete LAA closure may be associated with increased risk of thrombus formation and further closure with a second device after a course of anticoagulation may be a reasonable and feasible strategy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C(sp2)‐Coupled Nitronyl Nitroxide and Iminonitroxide Diradicals
Authors: Tolstikov Svyatoslav , Tretyakov Evgeny , Fokin Sergey , Suturina Elizaveta , Romanenko Galina , Bogomyakov Artem , Stass Dmitri , Maryasov Alexander , Fedin Matvey , Gritsan Nina , Ovcharenko Victor
Published: February 2014

Spin‐labelled compounds are widely used in chemistry, physics, biology and the materials sciences but the synthesis of stable high‐spin organic molecules is still a challenge. We succeeded in synthesising heteroatom analogues of the 1,1,2,3,3‐pentamethylenepropane (PMP) diradicals with two nitronyl nitroxide (DR1) and with two iminonitroxide (DR2) fragments linked through the C(sp2) atom of the nitrone group. According to magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR data and ab initio calculations at the (8,6)CASSCF and (8,6)NEVPT2 levels, DR1 and DR2 have singlet ground states. The singlet–triplet energy splitting (2J) is low (J/k=−7.4 for DR1 and −6.0 K for DR2), which comes from the disjoint nature of these diradicals. The reaction of [Cu(hfac)2] with DR1 gives rise to different heterospin complexes in which the diradical acts as a rigid ligand, retaining its initial conformation. For the [{Cu(hfac)2}2(DR1)(H2O)] complex, sufficiently strong ferromagnetic interactions (J1/k=42.7 and J2/k=14.1 K) between two coordinating CuII ions and DR1 were revealed. In [{Cu(hfac)2}2(DR1)(H2O)][Cu(hfac)2(H2O)], the very strong and antiferromagnetic (J/k=−416.1 K) exchange interaction between one of the coordinating CuII ions and DR1 is caused by the very short equatorial CuO bond length (1.962 Å).
Standardized terminology and nomenclature for pancreatobiliary cytology: The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines
Authors: Pitman Martha B. , Centeno Barbara A. , Ali Syed Z. , Genevay Muriel , Stelow Ed , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Fernandez‐del Castillo Carlos , Max Schmidt C. , Brugge William , Layfield Lester
Published: February 2014

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, techniques of EUS‐FNA, terminology and nomenclature of pancreatobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and postbiopsy treatment and management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings over an 18‐month period and synthesis of online comments of the draft document on the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology web site (www.papsociety.org). This document selectively presents the results of these discussions and focuses on a proposed standardized terminology scheme for pancreatobiliary specimens that correlate cytological diagnosis with biological behavior and increasingly conservative patient management of surveillance only.

The proposed terminology scheme recommends a six‐tiered system: Nondiagnostic, Negative, Atypical, Neoplastic (benign or other), Suspicious and Positive. Unique to this scheme is the “Neoplastic” category separated into “benign” (serous cystadenoma), or “Other” (premalignant mucinous cysts, neuroendocrine tumors, and solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasms). The positive or malignant category is reserved for high‐grade, aggressive malignancies including ductal adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, pancreatoblastoma, lymphoma, and metastases. Interpretation categories do not have to be used. Some pathology laboratory information systems require an interpretation category, which places the cytological diagnosis into a general category. This proposed scheme provides terminology that standardizes the category of the various diseases of the pancreas, some of which are difficult to diagnose specifically by cytology. In addition, this terminology scheme attempts to provide maximum flexibility for patient management, which has become increasingly conservative for some neoplasms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:338–350. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
All lesions great and small, part 1: Diagnostic cytology in veterinary medicine
Authors: Sharkey Leslie C , Seelig Davis M. , Overmann Jed
Published: February 2014

Cytopathology is a minimally invasive, rapid, and cost‐effective diagnostic modality with broad utilization in veterinary medicine. Primary care clinicians often screen common cutaneous and subcutaneous aspirates, with other samples most frequently evaluated by board certified veterinary clinical pathologists in reference laboratories. Wright–Giemsa stains are frequently utilized with the application of ancillary diagnostics such as cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular diagnostic techniques complicated by the need to develop and validate species specific reagents and protocols. The interpretation of veterinary cytology samples must be undertaken with extensive knowledge of the breadth of animal species, which includes familiarity with the frequency and biological behavior of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic lesions that are influenced by species, breed, and husbandry conditions. This review is the first of two parts that focus on the most common domestic companion animal species (dog, cat, and horse), taking an organ system approach to survey important lesions that may be unique to veterinary species or have interesting correlates in human medicine. The first of the two‐part series covers skin and subcutaneous tissue, the musculoskeletal system, and lymphoid organs. The cytologic features and biological behavior of similar lesions are compared, and selected molecular mechanisms of disease and ancillary diagnostics are reviewed when characterized. Supporting figures illustrate a subset of lesions. While not a comprehensive catalog of veterinary cytology, the goal is to give cytopathologists working in human medicine a general impression of correlates in veterinary practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:535–543. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytotechnologist screening of fine‐needle aspiration specimens
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda , Witt Benjamin L.
Published: February 2014

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is widely utilized due to its short turnaround time (TAT), diagnostic accuracy, and low cost. Controversy exists as to what role cytotechnologists should play in evaluation of FNAs. Some authorities believe all FNAs should be screened by cytotechnologists while others believe that cytotechnologist review is unnecessary.

 Sixty sequentially performed FNAs without initial review by cytotechnologists were selected from the files of the University of Utah, Department of Pathology. The slides were obtained along with the associated final diagnoses. The slides were reviewed by cytotechnologists given patient history and specimen site but were blinded to the initial pathologist's diagnoses. The initial cytopathologist's diagnoses and subsequent cytotechnologists' diagnoses were recorded and correlated. TATs for these cases were calculated and compared with TATs in a second set of randomly selected FNAs where cytotechnologists had initially screened the cases.

 Correlation of initial cytopathologists' diagnoses with those of cytotechnologists' revealed no instances where cytotechnologists identified diagnostically significant findings not noted by the original pathologist. TAT for the FNAs reviewed only by a cytopathologist averaged 25.9 hours with a mode of 6 hours. TATs for cases with initial cytotechnologist screening averaged 44.1 hours with a mode of 25 hours.

 Pre‐sign‐out screening of FNA specimens by cytotechnologists does not appear to increase detection of cytologic abnormalities. Cytotechnologist screening does substantially increased TAT from a mean of 26 hours to approximately 44 hours. Such an extensive delay may reduce the overall clinical utility of the FNA technique. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:606–608. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytological features of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla: Two case reports with review of literature
Authors: Zhang Lei , DeMay Richard M.
Published: February 2014

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of ampulla is rare, with only 13 cases reported, and the diagnoses were all based on histology mostly after surgery. We describe two new cases with cytological features of signet ring‐cell carcinoma mixed with small‐cell carcinoma, and intestinal adenocarcinoma mixed with large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Our cases and literature review demonstrate the higher frequency of periampullary‐duodenum subtype in MANEC compared with non‐MANEC ampullary carcinomas. In accordance, of the 14 MANEC cases with detailed morphology available, the most common glandular components are intestinal‐type carcinoma (6/14), followed by goblet carcinoid tumor (3/14), signet ring‐cell carcinoma (2/14), pancreatobiliary‐type carcinoma (2/14), and pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (1/14). The intestinal‐type carcinoma and goblet carcinoid in MANEC are favorable histological types showing no distant metastasis or mortality (0/9) during 6–36 months follow‐up. In contrast, the signet ring cell, pancreatobiliary‐type carcinoma, and acinar cell carcinoma are unfavorable with distant metastatic rate and mortality rate of 80% (4/5) during 3–16 months follow‐up. The combination of favorable glandular histological types with high‐grade neuroendocrine tumors (neuroendocrine carcinoma) has a mortality rate of 0% (0/3), whereas the combination of unfavorable glandular types with low‐grade neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., carcinoid, atypical carcinoid) has a mortality rate of 100% (3/3). In addition, younger age (<40 years) seems to be associated with high mortality rate of 100% (2/2). Overall, cytology preparations are able to make the diagnosis of MANEC and distinguish the subcomponents. Disease progression is apparently driven by the carcinomatous component of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:1075–1084. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of high grade adenoid cystic carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas
Authors: David Doina , Masineni Sreeharsha N. , Giorgadze Tamar
Published: February 2014

Pancreatic tumors are mostly primary tumors, with only rare metastatic tumors described in the literature. Here we report an unusual case of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of high grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland metastatic to the pancreas. The aspirate smears were moderately cellular and revealed numerous basaloid neoplastic cells. The cytomorphologic differential diagnosis included primary pancreatic tumor with small cell morphology as well as metastatic tumors. By immunocytochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, and CK7), and CD117 (C‐KIT), and negative for CD45, WT1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, TTF‐1, and CK20. The cytomorphologic features and immunoprofile in our case were consistent with high‐grade carcinoma metastases from patient's known salivary gland primary. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first reported encounter of FNA diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis with small cell morphology from a salivary gland neoplasm as primary site. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:117–120. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An augmented dopamine system function is present prior to puberty in the methylazoxymethanol acetate rodent model of schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Li , Perez Stephanie M. , Lodge Daniel J.
Published: February 2014

Schizophrenia is a disease typically associated with an adolescent onset. Although there have been a considerable number of imaging studies investigating the transition to psychosis in prodromal patients, there are relatively few preclinical studies examining potential mechanisms that may contribute to adolescent onset. We have previously demonstrated, in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model of schizophrenia, that an enhanced activity within the ventral hippocampus may underlie the dopamine system hyperfunction, suggested to contribute to positive symptoms in patients. Here we demonstrate that the aberrant regulation of dopamine system function, in MAM‐treated rats, is present prior to puberty. Furthermore, we now report that while the afferent regulation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons (from the hippocampus and pedunculopontine tegmental area) appears intact in preadolescent rats, the behavioral response to alterations in dopamine system function appears to be attenuated in preadolescent rats. Thus, we posit that the pathological alterations underlying psychosis may be present prior to symptom onset and that the “normal” development of the postsynaptic side of the dopamine system may underlie the transition to psychosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 907–917, 2014
Environmental assessment of depleted uranium used in military armor-piercing rounds in terrestrial systems
Authors: Stanley Jacob K. , Coleman Jessica G. , Brasfield Sandra M. , Bednar Anthony J. , Ang Choo Y.
Published: February 2014

Depleted uranium (DU) from the military testing and use of armor-piercing kinetic energy penetrators has been shown to accumulate in soils; however, little is known about the toxicity of DU geochemical species created through corrosion or weathering. The purpose of the present study was to assess the toxic effects and bioaccumulation potential of field-collected DU oxides to the model terrestrial invertebrates Eisenia fetida (earthworm) and Porcellio scaber (isopod). Earthworm studies were acute (72 h) dermal exposures or 28-d spiked soil exposures that used noncontaminated field-collected soils from the US Army's Yuma and Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Endpoints assessed in earthworm testing included bioaccumulation, growth, reproduction, behavior (soil avoidance), and cellular stress (neutral red uptake in coelomocytes). Isopod testing used spiked food, and endpoints assessed included bioaccumulation, survival, and feeding behavior. Concentration-dependent bioaccumulation of DU in earthworms was observed with a maximum bioaccumulation factor of 0.35; however, no significant reductions in survival or impacts to cellular stress were observed. Reproduction lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOEC) of 158 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg were observed in Yuma Proving Ground and a Mississippi reference soil (Karnac Ferry), respectively. Earthworm avoidance of contaminated soils was not observed in 48-h soil avoidance studies; however, isopods were shown to avoid food spiked with 12.7% by weight DU oxides through digital tracking studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1308–1314. © 2014 SETAC
Doped Germanate‐Based Apatites as Electrolyte for Use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang S.‐F. , Hsu Y.‐F. , Lin W.‐J. , Kobayashi K.
Published: February 2014

Apatite ceramics, known for their good electrical conductivities, have garnered substantial attention as an alternative electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, studies focusing on the electrochemical performances of SOFCs with apatities as electrolytes remain rare, partly due to their high sintering temperature. In this study, the effects of Mg2+, Al3+, Ga3+, and Sn4+ dopants on the characteristics of La9.5Ge6O26 ± δ are examined and their potential for use as SOFC electrolytes evaluated. The results indicate that La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26 is stabilized into a hexagonal structure, while the La9.5Ge5.5Sn0.5O26.25, La9.5Ge5.5Ga0.5O26, and La9.5Ge5.5Mg0.5O25.75 ceramics reveal triclinic cells accompanied with the second phase La2Sn2O7 or La2GeO5. The study further demonstrates that a high sintering temperature is needed for both the La9.5Ge5.5Mg0.5O25.75 and the La9.5Ge5.5Sn0.5O26.25 ceramics, and the worst electrical conductivity among the examined systems appears in the La9.5Ge5.5Ga0.5O26 ceramic. The La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26 ceramic is accordingly selected for cell evaluation due to its ability to reach densification at 1,350 °C, its good electrical conductivity of 0.026 S cm–1 at 800 °C, and its acceptable thermal expansion coefficient of 10.1 × 10–6 K–1. The maximum power densities of the NiO‐SDC/La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26/LSCF‐SDC single cell are found to be respectively 0.22, 0.16, 0.11, and 0.07 W cm–2 at 950, 900, 850, and 800 °C.
Cognitive Conflict Links Behavioural Inhibition and Social Problem Solving During Social Exclusion in Childhood
Authors: Lahat Ayelet , Walker Olga L. , Lamm Connie , Degnan Kathryn A. , Henderson Heather A. , Fox Nathan A.
Published: February 2014

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament characterized by heightened negative affect and social reticence to unfamiliar peers. In a longitudinal study, 291 infants were assessed for BI at 24 and 36 months of age. At age 7, N2 amplitude was measured during a Flanker task. Also at age 7, children experienced social exclusion in the lab during an interaction with an unfamiliar peer and an experimenter. Our findings indicate that children characterized as high in BI, relative to those low in BI, had larger (i.e., more negative) N2 amplitudes. Additionally, among children with a large N2, BI was positively related to withdrawal and negatively related to assertiveness during social exclusion. These findings suggest that variations in conflict detection among behaviorally inhibited children plays a role in their social behavior during stressful social situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility of wollastonite‐poly(N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate) composites
Authors: de Sena Lídia Ágata , de Almeida Marcelo Sanmartin , de Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo V. , Guerra Bretaña Rosa M. , Castro‐Silva Igor Iuco , Granjeiro José Mauro , Achete Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2014

Wollastonite‐poly(n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate) composite (W‐BCA) has been proposed to immobilize anatomically bone fragments in order to achieve an optimal healing process. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo behavior of three types of fillers: powdered natural wollastonite (Wn), synthetic pseudowollastonite powder (Ws), and synthetic pseudowollastonite powder coated with 5% acetyl tributyl citrate (Wst). The Wst‐BCA composite underwent a higher degradability in the real‐time degradation test and a superior cytotoxic effect; whereas the Wn‐BCA composite showed a higher degradability in the accelerated test with no cytotoxicity. The formation of an extracellular collagenous matrix deposit on its surface and the most favorable new bone formation on Wn‐BCA indicate its potential for bone adhesive use in unstable orthopedic traumas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1121–1129, 2014.
Retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts
Authors: Dai Wing Chiu , Chan See Ching , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Cheung Tan To , Sharr William W. , Chan Albert C. Y. , Fung James Y. Y. , Wong Tiffany C. L. , Lo Chung Mau
Published: February 2014

Background

This study reviews the outcomes of retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts.

Methods

A retrospective study of liver retransplants performed between 1996 and 2013 was conducted. The retransplants were divided into the DD group (with deceased donors) and the LD group (with living donors). Survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The DD group contained 23 patients and 27 retransplants using whole‐liver grafts and the LD group contained 11 patients and 11 retransplants using right‐liver grafts. Vascular and biliary complications were the main indications for retransplantation in both groups. The LD group had significantly younger donors, lighter grafts, shorter cold ischemia and longer operations. The two groups were comparable in age, preoperative liver function, warm ischemia, blood loss, transfusion, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, hospital mortality, complication and graft loss. The 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year patient survival rates were 78.3%, 73.7% and 63.8%, respectively, in the DD group. The LD group had the corresponding rates all at 90.9% (P = 0.246). The 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year graft survival rates were 74.1%, 65.8% and 61.5%, respectively, in the DD group. The LD group had the corresponding rates all at 90.9% (P = 0.132).

Conclusion

Excellent long‐term survival after retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts can be achieved.