bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Gao Lilin , Zhang Shaojie , Wo Xuewen , Shen Xiangpeng , Tian Qiangyuan , Wang Guoqing
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase for patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Methods: This prospective study included 140 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital between June 2018 and June 2019. They were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (70 cases) was treated with urokinase intravenous thrombolysis, and the observation group (70 cases) was given alteplase intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The treatment efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.

Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.7%, and that of the control group was 78.6%, i.e., the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly superior to the that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the observation group had significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and significantly higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score than the control group; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors of both groups significantly decreased compared to before treatment, and the decrease in the observation group was larger than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of hemorrhagic adverse reaction in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: In the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, ccompared with urokinase, alteplase can further relieve cognitive impairment and promote the recovery of nerve function through inhibiting levels of inflammatory factors and levels of serum Hcy and MCP-1.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4521

How to cite this:Gao L, Zhang S, Wo X, Shen X, Tian Q, Wang G. Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4521

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Problems faced by patients and health service utilization experiences of gastrointestinal patients during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kalwar Hamid Ali , Kamani Lubna
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic undermined the health service delivery and utilization of essential health care services globally. The current study therefore aimed to explore the health-seeking behaviors and challenges faced by patients for the management of gastrointestinal diseases.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from March 2020 to July 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown phase to explore patient experiences. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire. All patients of either gender were included after informed consent. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS 21.0.

Results: A total of 184 patients were included who visited the hospital to seek medical services during the COVID-19 lockdown phase. The mean age of the population was 42.7 years (±16.13). Of these, n=94 (51.1%) were males All patients had gastrointestinal issues with different comorbid conditions. One forty-seven n=147 (79.9%) presented with active complaints whereas, n=37 (20.1%) patients visited the hospital for their follow-up checkup. Out of 184 patients, n=33 (17.9%) patients reported of having fear of visiting hospital due to COVID-19 outbreak. A statistically significant difference p<0.001 was noted between the history of comorbidities and patient delaying a visit to the healthcare due to the fear of COVID-19. Additionally, 61 (73.5%) patients with co-morbidity faced difficulty in finding public transport (p=0.01). Nevertheless, n=171 (93.0%) patients expressed satisfaction with the services provided by the hospital during the lockdown phase.

Conclusion: Patients with gastrointestinal conditions were largely affected by lockdown largely due to fear of contacting COVID-19 disease and inaccessibility to the public transportation. Widely available telemedicine service might overcome these shortcomings and ensure continuity of quality care.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4799

How to cite this:Kalwar HA, Kamani L. Problems faced by patients and health service utilization experiences of gastrointestinal patients during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4799

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Optimal ablation index parameters for radiofrequency ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Qin Xiaoru , Jiang Xiaofei , Yuan Qiyan , Xu Guangli , He Xianzhi
Published: January 2022

Objective: To explore the optimal ablation index (AI) parameters for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RA) for treating atrial fibrillation (AF).

Method: Patients with AF (186) who underwent bilateral PVAI in the Department of Cardiology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Guangdong Province, from March 2018 to October 2019 and received catheter ablation as first-round treatment, were grouped according to the received AI. Control group included patients (95) who received the recommended AI ablation (350–400 for posterior wall, 400–450 for non-posterior wall). Patients in optimal AI group were ablated with optimal AI (300–330 for posterior wall, 350–380 for non-posterior wall).

Results: Of 186 patients, 66 patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and a mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2.83±1.64. Isolation rates of bilateral PVI in both groups were 91.4% and 93.6%, for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and 81.7% and 80% for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (P > 0.05). Left atrial function index (LAFI) decreased under the condition of sinus rhythm at the 3rd and 6th months (P < 0.05). LAFI improvement was significantly better in the optimal AI group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Rates of pain and cough during the ablation, and postoperative gastrointestinal discomfort and use of PPIs were higher in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation of AF, guided by optimal AI combined with impedance, can minimize atrial injury, prevent atrial failure, promote the recovery of atrial function, reduces intraoperative cough, pain, and postoperative gastrointestinal discomfort and use of PPIs.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4971

How to cite this:Qin X, Jiang X, Yuan Q, Xu G, He X. Optimal ablation index parameters for radiofrequency ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4971

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography vs transoesophageal echocardiography for infective endocarditis − A meta-analysis
Authors: Jing Liqin , Song Yanchun
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the comparative diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography (CT) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for detecting infective endocarditis.

Methods: Original publications published in English language before July, 2021 were thoroughly search in PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar literature databases. Studies were included if they used CT and/or TEE as an index test, presented data on valvular complications related to infective endocarditis, and used surgical findings as to the reference standard.

Results:­­­ Literature screening identified fifteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that CT sensitivity for detecting valvular abscesses was higher than that of TEE [0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82 to 0.94; 11 studies involving 842 subjects) versus 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84) P = 0.015; 12 studies involving 917 subjects]. TEE showed statistically significantly greater sensitivity than CT for detecting valvular vegetation [0.91 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.97, 11 studies involving 971 subjects) versus 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69 to 0.82), 12 studies involving 915 subjects, P =0.019. In case of leaflet detection, TEE showed statistically significantly higher sensitivity than CT (0.76 vs 0.46, P =0.010).

Conclusion: CT performs statistically significantly better than TEE for detecting abscesses while TEE provides statistically significant superior results for detecting vegetation. There is a need for well-designed prospective studies to further corroborate these findings.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5139

How to cite this:Jing L, Song Y. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography vs transoesophageal echocardiography for infective endocarditis − A meta-analysis . Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5139

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Need for including Hand Eye Coordination and Hand Function Training in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis – A non-randomized control trial
Authors: Balu Senthil Kumar , Siva Subbaiah , Ramachandran Arunachalam
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify the effect of Maitland mobilization with hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises in the prognosis of adhesive capsulitis.

Methods: This non-randomized control trial was done with 40 patients with adhesive capsulitis referred to the OPD at UCA College of Physiotherapy, Chennai. The study was performed for 8 months duration from August 2018 to March 2019. After providing a sufficient explanation of the procedure, the patients were divided into Group-A and Group-B. Group-A were allocated to Maitland group (n=20) (MG) and Group-B, were assigned to the Maitland, Hand-eye coordination and Hand Function exercises group (n=20) (MHG), respectively. We measured Quality of life using SF36 to know whether these patients had poor QOL compared to normative. Each patient underwent testing before the experiment to evaluate the range of motion of the shoulder (Abduction and External rotation) measured using a 180º goniometer, Functional Disability assessed using SPADI index. Statistical analysis was applied using SPSS version 20.0. Before the study, data normality was tested. A parametric test was used to compare pre-and post-intervention data in each Group-And also compare the MG vs. MHG. An α < 0.05 is the level of significance in all analyses.

Results: A total of 40 subjects accounted for the study results. Their quality of life was significantly lower from the normative values. Both groups were homogenous at baseline with no significant difference between the ROM and SPADI scores. Both groups showed a significant improvement in ER, abduction ROM and SPADI scores, however the between group posttest analysis revealed that the Group-B subjects progressed significantly better.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the Maitland mobilization and hand-eye coordination and hand function exercises are an effective tool in improving shoulder abduction, external rotation and shoulder functions.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5153

How to cite this:Senthil Kumar B, Subbaiah S, Ramachandran A. Need for including Hand Eye Coordination and Hand Function Training in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis – A non-randomized control trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5153

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A new functional Hip Scoring System compatible with Asian Lifestyle
Authors: Junaid Javeria , Bhatti Anisuddin
Published: January 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5758

How to cite this:Junaid J, Bhatti A. A new functional Hip Scoring System compatible with Asian Lifestyle. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):442-444. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5758

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Morphofunctional changes in the rat's liver of different ages after L-methionine administration
Authors: Yanko Roman , Chaka Elena , Levashov Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Background: Literature data on the effect of methionine on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the liver parenchyma in animals of different ages are sporadic, and research results are often ambiguous.

Aim: The purpose of this work was to study and compare the morphofunctional changes in the liver of rats of different ages on prolonged administration of L-methionine.

Material and Methods: The experiment was performed on 48 male Wistar rats of 3 and 15 months of age. Animals of the experimental group received L-methionine at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight in addition to the standard diet, daily for 21 days. Histological preparations were prepared from liver tissue by a standard technique. Morphometry was performed on digital images using the computer program «Image J». Succinate dehydrogenase activity and protein concentration were determined in the suspension of hepatocyte mitochondria.

Results: It was revealed that 21-day administration of L-methionine to rats led to hypertrophy of the hepatocyte nucleus, an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the number of binuclear hepatocytes, and the nucleolus in the cell nucleus. The relative area of ​​the sinusoids network increased by 50% in 3-month-old animals. This indicated a better blood filling of the liver parenchyma. The increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity and protein concentration was revealed in the suspension of hepatocyte mitochondria of the experimental rats. This indicated an increase in the mitochondria energy potential and protein-synthetic activity.

Conclusions: The administration of prophylactic doses of methionine to healthy rats leads to the appearance of pronounced morphological and functional signs of increased activity of hepatocytes. The severity of this effect has a distinct age-dependent character. In young rats, it is more pronounced than in mature rats. The results of the study are important for practical medicine when using methionine for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
Sand Auditing for Sustainable River Sand Miningin Kerala, India– An Overview
Authors: J. Shaji J. Shaji
Published: January 2022

Sand Auditing is the process that evaluates the health status of rivers subjected to sand mining. This study reviews the river sand audit methodology applied in Kerala, India, from 2011 to 2019 in terms of geographical coverage, results, and applications. It demonstrates the sand audit methodology, the agencies and authorities involved in implementation, and the current status of the State’s sand audit implementation. The current regulatory framework of Kerala that ensures sustainable sand mining and prevents illegal sand mining is also demonstrated. In total, 21 of the 44 Kerala’s rivers have been surveyed during 2011-2019, and the State’s agencies have hence acquired great experience and expertise in sand auditing. A major outcome of Kerala’s sand auditing is the collection of large datasets of river cross-sectional information that can be used, inter alia, in flood modeling studies to formulate sustainable river basin management strategies in Kerala.
Effects of Heat Stress Exposure and Climate Change on Health and Safety of Outdoor Workers
Authors: Abokhashabah Tarek , Jamoussi Bassem , Summan Ahmed Saleh , Abdelfattah Ezz , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: January 2022

The studies carried in the world regarding the possible significant influence of climate change on the health and safety of outdoor workers has not been given the due consideration (especially in the least developed and developing countries). Hundreds and thousands of outdoor workers are exposed to elevated temperatures, humid environments and climate extremes in combination with urban air pollution; which is ultimately impacting their safety and well-being. The statistics show that in the past few years, due to the rise in temperature on earth and frequent heat waves within urban settlements, an abrupt increase has been observed in the rate of heat-related health problems. Exposure to extreme heat (exceeding 40 ºC)causes many direct and indirect health hazards, which include vector-borne diseases and exposure to certain harmful chemicals. Currently, the climatic and heat-related effects are decreasing the working capacity of workers and in the future it is projected that the frequency and magnitude of these effects will increase. With the rise in temperature and the occurrence of frequent heat waves in urban areas, the number of health issues due to high (maximum average)temperature has increased rapidly. This article discusses the impacts of heat exposure and climatic change on productivity,health and safety of outdoor workers by summarizing findings from the literature, and eventually recommends control measures for reducing heat exposure at the outdoor work areasand climatic adaptations. In addition, it argues that there is a need for more research about the impacts on health and economic conditions due to heat and climate change in the workplace on global level (especially in developing countries).
Corporate Environmental Disclosures of Oil and Gas Companies in India: An Analysis of Executives’ Perceptions
Authors: Majumdar Kishore Kanti , Pahuja Shuchi
Published: January 2022

Environmental and sustainability issues have assumed significance, leading to social and legal pressures on the companies across the world to take steps to reduce and prevent adverse impact of their activities on the environment and to disclose this information to the concerned stakeholders. The present study aims at investigating the perceptions of executives from 26 listed Indian oil and gas companies on Corporate Environment Disclosures (CEDs)in the annual reports using a structured questionnaire.The questionnaire was constructed on the basis of eleven environmental indicators provided in international oil and gas industry guidelines for voluntary sustainability reporting framework. An attempt was made to determine whether the extent and type of environmental disclosures have correlation with executives’ position in the organization, their knowledge about the annual reports, their stock holdings in the company and the value stream to which the companies belonged. It was found thatthe responding executives were well aware of the environmental issues associated with activities across the value chain in the oil and gas industry. They agreed that these issues are material and must be disclosed in the annual reports, but had different perceptions on the importance of four environmental issues given in the questionnaire for disclosure in the reports. A significant statistical relationship was found between perceived corporate environmental disclosure index (PCEDI) and respondents’ positions in the company and their knowledge on the annual reports. It is suggested that a greater role to knowledgeable senior executives at key positions should be assigned to deal with sustainability disclosure affairs.
Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) Changes and its impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Killiar River Basin, Kerala, India: A Geospatial Approach
Authors: Joseph Sabu , R Rahul , S Sukanya
Published: January 2022

The changes in the pattern of land use and land cover (LU/LC) have remarkable consequences on ecosystem functioning and natural resources dynamics. The present study analyzes the spatial pattern of LU/LC change detection along the Killiar River Basin (KRB), a major tributary of Karamana river in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala (India), over a period of 64 years (1957-2021) through Remote Sensing and GIS approach. The rationale of the study is to identify and classify LU/LC changes in KRB using the Survey of India (SOI) toposheet (1:50,000) of 1957, LISS-III imagery of 2005, Landsat 8 OLI & TIRS imagery of 2021 and further to scrutinize the impact of LU/LC conversion on Soil Organic Carbon stock in the study area. Five major LU/LC classes, viz., agriculture land, built-up, forest, wasteland and water bodies were characterized from available data. Within the study period, built-up area and wastelands showed a substantial increase of 51.51% and 15.67% respectively. Thus, the general trend followed is the increase in built-up and wastelands area which results in the decrease of all other LU/LC classes. Based on IPCC guidelines, total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock of different land-use types was estimated and was 1292.72 Mt C in 1957, 562.65 Mt C in 2005 and it reduced to 152.86 Mt C in 2021. This decrease is mainly due to various anthropogenic activities, mainly built-up activities. This conversion for built-up is at par with the rising population, and over-exploitation of natural and agricultural resources is increasing every year.
Decadal Study of Changing Frequency and Intensity of Rainfall for Selected Locations of Tamil Nadu
Authors: S. KOKILAVANI S. KOKILAVANI , SP. Ramanathan SP. Ramanathan , Dheebakaran GA. , Sathyamoorthy N.K. , B. Arthirani B. Arthirani , T. Ramesh T. Ramesh , K. Sathyabama K. Sathyabama , M. Joseph M. Joseph , P. Balasubramanian P. Balasubramanian , Arunkumar P.
Published: January 2022

Understanding the pattern of regional climatic extremes is essential for creating an important adaptation measure to safeguard farmers from monsoon tantrums. This paper focuses on the rainfall variability and intensity for spatially different locations of Tamil Nadu. The daily rainfall data over a period of 30 years (1990-2019) for the study locations were collected from the constituent research centres of TNAU. The results indicated that an increasing trend in SWM rainfall was observed in Coimbatore (209.3 to 300.6mm), Ooty (681.4 to 703.1mm), Aduthurai (227.8 to 320.6mm), Kovilpatti (132.8 to 141.3 mm) while the decreasing trend was observed in rest of the places. A decreasing trend was reported in general for all the places during NEM. The decreasing trend in the number of rainy days was registered in Kovilpatti, Virudhunagar and Killikulam that exhibits an alert in modifying the crop planning programme in those areas. The frequency of rainfall intensity revealed that except Ooty, the number of Heavy Rain (HR) to VHR(VHR) was found to be meagre to absent in most of the study locations.
R3 Practices by the Restaurants and Hotel Industry for Sustainable Waste Management in Pune
Authors: Shah Dr. Gauri
Published: January 2022

R3(Reduce, reuse and recycle) plays an essential role in maintaining the Environment and eventually gives the Hotel Industry sustainable benefits. The research shows that hotels and restaurants must implement better waste management practices to benefit them and indi-rectly make the guests and consumers aware. This medium is qualitative research done by random sampling of consumers and specified restaurants and hotels with the questionnaire as a sampling tool. A chef must develop better R3 practices and bring existing R3 methods to others' notice to promote sustainable waste management. The finding further indicates that hotels and restaurants are happy with following R3, and they need to showcase to the world that they are following the practices and how they benefit the Environment in the way of sustainable waste management. This research article encourages hoteliers to become envi-ronmentally friendly increasingly to support the cause, and The research also includes the findings of other authors on the parallel lines to the objectives. 75% of the organizers ob-served the impact of R3 implementation in the different costs and positive rise in controlling food cost which reflects in particular percentage hike of profit, all the expenditure towards the system changes of R3 needed to be considered as Asset cost to have it reflected in the savings and incomes. 42% of owners of environmentally friendly restaurants observe that food cost is reducing up to 5% savings. Restaurants should prioritize convenient, eco-friendly practices and implement them one by one once they achieve success in the previous eco-friendly practice Scope of this study is limited to Pune city.
Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review
Authors: Roy Amit Saha
Published: January 2022

One of the oldest habits of human beings is chewing gum. It has continued from ancient civilizations to the current time. Gum chewing provides a relaxing experience that individuals enjoy for a long time. The non-food item, chewing gum, has a long history. The gradual progression of its development has provided us with a greater flavour as well as extra medicinal properties. Chewing gum is known for its stress-relieving qualities as well as its ability to keep our mouths fresh. Soon, ‘chewing gum’ will be included as part of the drug delivery mechanism. Unfortunately, it has had some negative consequences. Modern chewing gum is made of non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymers together with artificial sweeteners and flavours. So, chewing this sort of synthetic material over a long time could produce some adverse effects. After chewing, most individuals throw the waste part of chewing gum everywhere, resulting in environmental trash known as 'gum pollution. Each year, chewing gum generates more than 105 tonnes of "plastic" garbage. Thus, the discarded non-biodegradable residue of the gum produces plastic pollution. Every year, enormous sums of money are spent to clean up the abandoned gum from the streets. Again, it has a high potential to trap bacteria inside. Therefore, this widespread habit causes an additional nuisance in this pandemic situation. As a result, the waste part of the gum has multiple dimensions to pollute our environment. Gum disposal has become a major problem all across the world. Gum litter can only be reduced by properly disposing of gum. As a result, it's time to reconsider the role of chewing gum in terms of human health and the environment. This article emphasizes the importance of proper waste (gum) disposal and calls for increased awareness to safeguard our environment from "gum pollution."
Impact of River Dams on Littoral Cells Located Adjacent to the River Mouth
Authors: NAG KAMAL
Published: January 2022

Terrestrial sediment is a major source of sediment to all coasts. Suspended sediment is carried away by the rivers and supplied to the coast to maintain sediment budget. The construction of dams across the rivers arrest sediment behind it and affect the sediment budget of littoral cells along the coast. Reduction in sediment supply induces ecological as well as geomorphological changes along the shoreline. Coastal erosion may accelerate due to reduced sediment influx. With the growing number of cross-river dams and water diversion projects, it has become a major concern before the scientific community to measure, understand and find solutions to multi-fold geo-environmental problems that are arising out of river damming. The present study aims to find out the impact of dams on the coast. It examines how the changes in the suspended sediment supply of an Indian river impact the coast in terms of loss of area due to erosion. Temporal analysis of geomorphological changes along the shoreline in relation to sediment influx holds immense importance to coastal management essential for the sustainable life and livelihood of coastal communities. Scientific investigation into the impact of river dams on the coastal environment is likely to provide a strong ground to reconsider the way present basin development projects function. Areal changes in littoral sediment cells adjacent to the river mouth have been quantified and correlated with changes in sediment influx. Changes along the shorelines have been detected through multispectral satellite images of Landsat belonging to different dates. Image processing and quantification of changes have been performed in QGIS 3.14 “Pi” platform. Virtual raster, raster calculator, field calculator and other required tools in QGIS were used during image processing.
Review on Conservation of Water by Water Audit
Authors: Choudhary Sanjay , Dohare Devendra , Bajpai Shruti
Published: January 2022

Water is used almost in every sector, growth in population and increase in the standard of living of people so demand is increased. Water is used by all the living creatures found in the world but a very small portion of water is available for drinking and other purposes. This available usable water is mismanaged by human beings, for this mismanagement of water introducing a tool by IWA/AWWA is water-audit. Water-audit is used for reducing water-losses, leakages and gives the information of water used by consumers. Environment audit carried out in stages, water audit also consists of many stages. In this review paper, case studies are highlighted, which gives the general methodology adopted for auditing. Water balance sheet is very useful for understanding the types of losses and type of water used in particular DMA (District Metered Area). Due to the loss of water Non-revenue water is increased, for reducing losses requires huge investments.
Optimizing ZnO/CdS Nano Composite Controlled by Fe Doping Towards Efficiency in Water Treatment and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Barman Jayanta , Das Archana , Banik Bapan , Sultana Farhana
Published: January 2022

Nanocrystalline composite zinc oxide (ZnO) and CdS with Fe doping thin films grown on glass substrate by chemical method. The parameters like temperature of the solution, UV exposure, pH of solution, immersion time, immersion cycles, have been controlled and standardized for nanocrystalline film. The synthesis NPs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Rietveld method shows that Fe-doped composite ZnO/CdS is a single pure phase and wurtzite structure. Samples were analyzed by sophisticated various instrument like XRD, UV- Visible spectrometer, HRTEM, HRSEM and composition was analyzed by EDX attached with HRTEM. The band gap was calculated by absorption spectroscopy and found that absorption was blue-shifted. The electron structure shows that doping changes the crystal structure and transition level create better efficiency and creates octahedral symmetry. The antibacterial studies showed that the 5.0 wt% Fe-doped exhibited maximum antibacterial effect.
How partisan politics influence government policies in response to ageing populations
Authors: Kweon Yesola , Suzuki Kohei
Published: January 2022

Since old-age programmes mitigate life-course risks that are relevant to individuals across socio-economic groups in ageing societies, all parties have a political incentive to support these initiatives. Nevertheless, pre-existing partisan commitments bind the policy instruments that parties use. Cabinet-level analyses of OECD economies demonstrate that left incumbency relies more on public expenditure than right-wing governments. What is more important is that, in the context of large elderly populations, pension coverage is greater under right-leaning governments, while pension replacement rates are higher in left-leaning governments. This shows that party behaviour related to life course-related policies cannot be explained by the conventional pro-expansion versus the pro-retrenchment partisan politics. Rather, a focus on partisan variation in the use of policy instruments is required.1
Muslim philanthropy: living beyond a Western definition
Authors: Siddiqui Shariq
Published: January 2022

The commonly used definition of philanthropy used in Western scholarship excludes many Muslim acts of philanthropy. This definition privileges Western scholarly framing of philanthropy, which has been heavily informed by scientific approaches to philanthropy. This article argues that this framing of philanthropy limits our understanding of Muslim philanthropy and should not be privileged over other cultural and religious traditions’ notions of philanthropy. Muslim philanthropy is explored by examining theological and cultural sources in order to point towards a broader conception of philanthropy within an Islamic context. It illustrates the challenges of strict adherence to the Western definition of philanthropy for scholars of Muslim philanthropy. Ultimately, the article suggests a framework that the field of philanthropic studies can use to go beyond its Western-centric definition to be more inclusive of other cultural and faith perspectives, and proposes that Muslim philanthropy should be interpreted as a discursive tradition.
Informal care in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hofstaetter Lukas , Judd-Lam Sarah , Cherrington Grace
Published: January 2022

Australia has been less impacted by COVID-19 than most other countries, partly due to strong preventive responses by government. While these measures have resulted in lower rates of infection, family and friend carers have been disproportionately affected by public health orders. The heightened risk of transmission to vulnerable populations, combined with the impact of economic uncertainty, unclear government communication, significant restrictions on movement and personal contact, and the reduction in formal support services, have highlighted pre-existing, systemic shortcomings in support for carers. The COVID-19 pandemic left many carers more stressed, isolated and worse off financially.
Struggling to ‘do family’ during COVID-19: evidence from a German mixed-methods study
Authors: Zerle-Elsäßer Claudia , Buschmeyer Anna , Ahrens Regina
Published: January 2022

Applying the concept of doing family, which centres on the organisation of, and the practices in, families’ everyday lives, our research questions focus on the efforts mothers and fathers undertake to keep everyday life going during the pandemic. We analysed two-wave panel data of the project ‘Growing up in Germany’, and conducted 20 in-depth interviews with mothers and fathers in order to examine their strategies in detail. Our findings confirm gender and other important differences, and reveal three major strategies to reconcile caring obligations with demands from paid work before and during the crisis.
The struggle for good care: moral challenges during the COVID-19 lockdown of Dutch elderly care facilities
Authors: van der Geugten Wendy , Jacobs Gaby , Goossensen Anne
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 lockdown of Dutch long-term care facilities between March and May 2020 affected the quality of lives of residents and opposed professional and personal ethics of care. This article, based on 25 in-depth interviews with healthcare chaplains, gives insight into what moral challenges appeared for care professionals. Moral challenges were related to: ‘family ruptures’, ‘residents’ loneliness and despair’, ‘cold-hearted deaths’ and ‘response and responsibilities’. The findings illuminate the complexity of providing care during the lockdown and show variation in the impact of these ethical experiences, in which both moral distress and moral resilience occurred.
Kindness as a practice of Kittay’s ‘doulia’ in higher education: caring for student carers during COVID-19 and beyond
Authors: Overgaard Charlotte , Mackaway Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Recognising dependency as a fundamental aspect of existence and activating Kittay’s reciprocity principle, ‘doulia’, we investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on student carers at an Australian university, to what extent teaching staff care for student carers and which pedagogies and teaching practices aid student carers. Analysing the experiences of social science students shortly after the lockdown in 2020, we find that pedagogies of kindness and flexibility support student carers. We call on teaching staff to recognise students’ inevitable dependencies and commit to pedagogies of kindness.
Impacts of COVID-19 on parents with small children in South Korea: survey findings and policy implications
Authors: Peng Ito , Jun Jiweon
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of care and care work, and exposed pre-existing inequalities. Our survey of the impacts of COVID-19 on parents with small children in South Korea reveals that mothers were much more likely to bear the increased burden of childcare than fathers, which, in turn, had direct and negative impacts on their well-being. We discuss how South Korea’s dualised labour market, gender-biased employment practice, social norms about childcare and instrumental approach to family and care policies may have contributed to the persistent unequal distribution of unpaid care work within households and gender inequality.
Sport, megaesemények, önkéntesek és az egyedi élmény faktor Az önkéntesek szerepe az arénaélmény létrehozásában a megasportesemények során
Authors: Griszbacher Norbert , Varga Ákos , Kemény Ildikó
Published: January 2022

A XXI. századra a sport megkerülhetetlenül az élet szerves részévé vált. Olyan kiemelt események iránt, mint az olimpia, világbajnokság vagy Európa-bajnokság egyedi élményvilágán keresztül hatalmas az érdeklődés, és így a nyereség potenciálját is hordozzák. Az egymással is versenyző, állandóan növekvő események lebonyolításában egyre nagyobb szerepük van az eddig kevés figyelmet kapó, ingyenes munkaerőt biztosító lelkes önkénteseknek. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy explicit és implicit módon megvizsgálja a megaesemények önkénteseinek élmény- és imázsalkotó szerepét, akiknek egyedi feladat- és felelősségköre hozzájárulhat, hogy az egyes turisztikai régiók a jövőben miként lesznek képesek az egyedi élmény ígéretén keresztül versenyelőnyre szert tenni. A szerzők kutatási eredménye azt mutatja, hogy az események frontvonalbeli személyzetével, így az önkénteseivel való interakciók erősen meghatározzák az arénaélményt. Emellett az önkéntesek teljesítménye (megjelenése, lelkesedése, segítőkészsége) elengedhetetlennek bizonyul ahhoz, hogy az események látogatóinak egy egyedi, pozitív élménycsomagot biztosíthassanak a szervezők.
A biztonságtudatos vezetői attitűd vizsgálata
Authors: Juhász Márta , Vasvári Fanni
Published: January 2022

A biztonsági kultúra a szervezeti kultúra részét képezi, mely a szervezetben dolgozó munkatársak és vezetőik biztonsággal kapcsolatos attitűdjét és viselkedésmódját határozza meg. Fejlettségének és sikerességének mértékét nagyban befolyásolja a vezető szerepe, biztonságtudatos attitűdje, vezetési stílusa és elkötelezettsége. Vernon Bradley eszköze, a Bradley-görbe négy szinten írja le a szervezet biztonsági kultúráját, amit a cikkben három szinten értelmeznek a szerzők: egyéni, csoportos és szervezeti szint. Az első, reaktív szakasz a passzív vezetésnek feleltethető meg, a második, függő szakaszban a vezetők ellenőrzésen alapuló, szabálykövető vezetési stílust alkalmaznak, míg a harmadik, individuális szakaszban az egyénközpontú, egyénre fókuszáló vezetés jelenik meg; végül a negyedik, kölcsönös függés szakaszban a vezetők a teammunkán alapuló vezetést preferálják, amelyben a vezetők a team részének tekintik magukat a biztonságtudatosság tekintetében. Munkájukban egy erős biztonsági kultúrával rendelkező szervezet harmincöt vezetőjével készítettek interjút, amely tartalomelemzéséből meg lehet tudni, hogyan vélekednek önmaguk biztonságtudatosságáról, valamint beosztottjaik és a szervezet biztonságtudatosságáról.
PENGEMBARAAN ILMIAH DAN PERAN SYEIKH AHMAD KHATIB AL-SYAMBASI DALAM PENYEBARAN ISLAM DI NUSANTARA MELALUI THARIQAT QADIRIYYAH WA NAQSABDNIYYAH
Authors: Farisi Salman Al
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini berusaha menguraikan tokoh ulama Nusnatara yang termasuk ke dalam jaringan ulama Timur Tengah yang dikenal dengan Ashabul Jawawyn yakni Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Sambasi, yang memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam penyebaran ajaran Islam, ia dikenal sebagai seorang yang ahli dalam bidang tasawuf dan disebut sebagai ahli Tsufi, ia juga dikenal sebagai pendiri tarekat Qadiriyyah wa Naqsabandiyyah[1]. Dalam mengumpulkan data, Penulis merujuk kepada refrensi yang berupa buku-buku, Jurnal, artikel, dan lain-lainnya yang relevan dengan tujuan pada penulisan artikel ini, dan setelah data terkumpul penulis, memilah serta memilih data yang dijadikan sebagai sumber refrensi kemudian menguraikan data yang didapatkan sesuai dengan tujuan dari artikel pada tulisan ini, ditemukan bahwa Syeikh Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Ghaffar al-Sambasi adalah seorang ulama Nusantara yang berasal dari Kalimantan Barat yang mengembara mencari Ilmu Ke Negeri Haramyn pada usia 19 Tahun, dan  menetap di Mekkah hingga ia Wafat pada tahun 1875 [2], walaupun demikian Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Syambasi dikenal sebagai seorang yang memiliki peran yang Besar dalam dunia Islam, khususnya beberapa wilayah Nusantara dan Melayu, diantara peran Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Sambasi ialah menyebarkan ajaran Islam melalui tarekat Qadiryyah wa Naqsabandiyyah, dengan mengacu kepada kitab yang dijadikan sebagai rujukan di dalam tarekat ini ialah kitab Fath al-‘Arifinkitab yang tulis oleh para muridnya melalui pendiktian langsung  dari gurunya yakni Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Syambasi.[1] Said Aqil Siraj, Tasawuf Sebagai Kritik Sosial : Mengedepankan Islam Sebagai Inspirasi, Bukas Aspirasi, (Bandung : Mizan Pustaka, 2006), hlm. 426.[2]  Muhammad Abdul Mujib dkk, Ensiklopedia Tasawuf Imam al-Ghazali, (Jakarta: Penerbit Hikmah, 2009),hlm.334.
IMAJINASI KREATIF DALAM PENGALAMAN MI'RAJ IBN ARABI
Authors: Kamaliah Alfi
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran imajinasi dalam pengalaman mi’raj yang dialami oleh Ibn Arabi. Ibn Arabi dikenal sebagai mistikus terkemuka di dunia Islam. Pemikiran mistiknya dapat ditemukan dalam kitabnya. Salah satu aspek mistik yang dialami oleh Ibn Arabi adalah mi’raj. Pengalaman mi’raj Ibn Arabi berbeda dengan mi’rajnya Nabi Muhamamd. Mi’rajnya Nabi dilakukan dengan cara jasad dan ruh dan mendapatkan syariat baru, sedangkan mi’raj yang dialami oleh Ibn Arabi dilakukan dengan ruh dan tidak mendapat syariat baru. Pengalaman mi’raj tersebut akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan imajinasi kreatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tiga peran imajinasi dari pengalaman mi’rajnya Ibn Arabi. Pertama, imajinasi kreativnya dapat menciptakan alam antara atau yang disebut dengan alam imajinal. Di alam ini Ibn Arabi dapat bertemu dengan ruhaniah para nabi terdahulu. Kedua, imajinasi dimaknai oleh Ibn Arabi sebagai daya kreativitas berpikir. Ibn Arabi mengkombinasikan dua ilmu yakni ilmu nalar dan gnostik Islam untuk membuat pengetahuan baru tentang mi’raj. Ketiga, imajinasi tersebut memiliki fungsi bisosiatif. Ibn Arabi berani mengambil resiko dikatakan sufi yang aneh dengan pengetahuan barunya tentang mi’raj.Keyword: Ibn Arabi, Mi’raj, Imajinasi Kreatif, Fungsi Bisosiatif
KISAH MIMPI NABI IBRAHIM: ANALISIS MITOS SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Danil Rahmad
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mitos di balik kisah mimpi Nabi Ibrahim yang terkandung dalam QS. Ash Shafat ayat 100-108. Ayat tersebut menjelaskan tentang kisah awal mula penyembelihan anaknya hingga digantikannya dengan seekor domba. Dari kisah tersebut terdapat makna lain berupa ideologi yang terkandung dalam kisah tersebut. Makna ini bisa dicari melalui pembacaan semiotic Roland Barthes karena dapat menggapai makna ideologi yang ada di balik kisah tersebut. Tulisan ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif library-research dengan metode pencarian data dari kitab-kitab tafsir dan artikel sejenisnya. Penelitiani ini membagi ayat 100-108 menjadi empat bagian dan dari masing-masing pembagian tersebut peneliti menemukan ideologi dibalik ayat tersebut. Pertama, pada ayat 100-102 peneliti menemukan baahwa ayat ini menunjukkan siapa dan umur berapa anak yang disembelih. Tafsir mutakhir mengatakan bahwasanya anak tersebut bernama Ismail yang telah berumur baligh. Kedua, mimpi merupakan salah satu bentuk penyampaian firman Tuhan kepada utusan-Nya. Ketiga, agama Nabi Ibrahim disebut dengan hanif. Keempat, setiap orang yang melakukan pengorbanan kepada Allah akan diberi balasan yang setimpal.
KLASIFIKASI AF'AL NABI DAN EFEKNYA DALAM KONTEKSTUALISASI HADIS (Perspektif Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn)
Authors: Ratno Ratno
Published: January 2022

The classification of Prophet’s actions is very important to understand. Misclassification will lead to wrong conclusions. One of the contemporary scholars who discuss this issue is Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn (d. 2001). This research will answer about how Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn classified the Prophet’s actions be five classifications? This research is library research with critical analytical descriptive method. The primary data sources are Ṣaroḥ al-Uṣul min Ilmi al-Uṣul and Manẓumah Uṣul Fiqh wa Qowāiduh. The secondary data sources are from letters, fatwas, etc from Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn. This study concludes that Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn divided the Prophet’s actions be five classifications. First, his action for reasons of human nature. Second, his action for socio-cultural reasons. Third, his action with special deed for his. Fourth, his action for worship reasons. Fifth, explain the global dalil. Of these five classifications, there are two classifications can be contextualized. They are his action for reasons of human nature and his action for socio-cultural reasons. Klasifikasi af’al (perbuatan-perbuatan) Nabi saw. sangat penting untuk dipahami. Salah klasifikasi maka akan menimbulkan salah kesimpulan. Salah satu ulama kontemporer yang membahas masalah ini adalah Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn (w. 2001). Penelitian ini akan menjawab tentang bagaimana Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn mengklasifikasikan af’al (perbuatan-perbuatan) Nabi saw. menjadi lima? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian library research dengan metode diskriptif analitis kritis dengan sumber data primer adalah Šaroḥ al-Uṣul min Ilmi al-Uṣul dan Manẓumah Uṣul Fiqih wa Qowāiduh. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder adalah dari tulisan, fatwa, dan yang semisalnya dari Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Muhammad Bin Ṣālih al-ʿUṯaimīn membagi af’al (perbuatan-perbuatan) Nabi saw. menjadi lima. Pertama, karena alasan tabiat manusia. Kedua, karena alasan sosial budaya dan adat masyarakat. Ketiga, karena alasan kekhususan. Keempat, karena alasan ingin beribadah. Kelima, karena alasan ingin menjelaskan dalil yang bersifat global. Dari kelima klasifikasi ini, ada dua yang mungkin dilakukan kontekstualisasi dalam dalil-dalil agama, yaitu perbuatan Nabi saw. yang dilakukan karena alasan tabiat manusia dan perbuatan Nabi saw. yang dilakukan karena alasan sosial budaya dan adat masyarakat.