bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a standardised protocol, including systematic use of tranexamic acid, for management of severe adult trauma patients in a low-resource setting: the MSF experience from Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Authors: Jachetti Alessandro , Massénat Rose Berly , Edema Nathalie , Woolley Sophia C. , Benedetti Guido , Van Den Bergh Rafael , Trelles Miguel
Published: October 2019

Background

Bleeding is an important cause of death in trauma victims. In 2010, the CRASH-2 study, a multicentre randomized control trial on the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration to trauma patients with suspected significant bleeding, reported a decreased mortality in randomized patients compared to placebo. Currently, no evidence on the use of TXA in humanitarian, low-resource settings is available. We aimed to measure the hospital outcomes of adult patients with severe traumatic bleeding in the Médecins Sans Frontières Tabarre Trauma Centre in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, before and after the implementation of a Massive Haemorrhage protocol including systematic early administration of TXA.

Methods

Patients admitted over comparable periods of four months (December2015- March2016 and December2016 - March2017) before and after the implementation of the Massive Haemorrhage protocol were investigated. Included patients had blunt or penetrating trauma, a South Africa Triage Score ≥ 7, were aged 18–65 years and were admitted within 3 h from the traumatic event. Measured outcomes were hospital mortality and early mortality rates, in-hospital time to discharge and time to discharge from intensive care unit.

Results

One-hundred and sixteen patients met inclusion criteria. Patients treated after the introduction of the Massive Haemorrhage protocol had about 70% less chance of death during hospitalization compared to the group “before” (adjusted odds ratio 0.3, 95%confidence interval 0.1–0.8). They also had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Implementing a Massive Haemorrhage protocol including early administration of TXA was associated with the reduced mortality and hospital stay of severe adult blunt and penetrating trauma patients in a context with poor resources and limited availability of blood products.
Stroke follow-up in primary care: a Norwegian modelling study on the implications of multimorbidity for guideline adherence
Authors: Pedersen Rune Aakvik , Petursson Halfdan , Hetlevik Irene
Published: October 2019

Background

Specialized acute treatment and high-quality follow-up is meant to reduce mortality and disability from stroke. While the acute treatment for stroke takes place in hospitals, the follow-up of stroke survivors largely takes place in general practice. National guidelines give recommendations for the follow-up. However, previous studies suggest that guidelines are not sufficiently adhered to. It has been suggested that this might be due to the complexity of general practice. A part of this complexity is constituted by patients’ multimorbidity; the presence of two or more chronic conditions in the same person. In this study we investigated the extent of multimorbidity among stroke survivors residing in the communities. The aim was to assess the implications of multimorbidity for the follow-up of stroke in general practice.

Methods

The study was a cross sectional analysis of the prevalence of multimorbidity among stroke survivors in Mid-Norway. We included 51 patients, listed with general practitioners in 18 different clinics. The material consists of the general practitioners’ medical records for these patients. The medical records for each patient were reviewed in a search for diagnoses corresponding to a predefined list of morbidities, resulting in a list of chronic conditions for each participant. These 51 lists were the basis for the subsequent analysis. In this analysis we modelled different hypothetical patients and assessed the implications of adhering to all clinical guidelines affecting their diseases.

Result

All 51 patients met the criteria for multimorbidity. On average the patients had 4.7 (SD: 1.9) chronic conditions corresponding to the predefined list of morbidities. By modelling implications of guideline adherence for a patient with an average number of co-morbidities, we found that 10–11 annual consultations with the general practitioner were needed for the follow-up of the stable state of the chronic conditions. More consultations were needed for patients with more complex multimorbidity.

Conclusions

Multimorbidity had a clear impact on the basis for the follow-up of patients with stroke in general practice. Adhering to the guidelines for each condition is challenging, even for patients with few co-morbidities. For patients with complex multimorbidity, adhering to the guidelines is obviously unmanageable.
Perceived barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention with a financial incentive for chronically ill patients
Authors: Molema C. C. M. , Wendel-Vos G. C. W. , ter Schegget S. , Schuit A. J. , van de Goor L. A. M.
Published: October 2019

Background

This study aims to describe barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention (CLI) in primary care for patients with chronic disease. The aim of CLI to help patients to create a healthy lifestyle and to maintain this healthy lifestyle. During a CLI a patient receives advice and counselling to improve health-related behavior such as physical activity and diet. Special attention was given to the influence of adding a health promoting financial incentive (HPFI) for the participants to the CLI.

Methods

Twenty-four semi-structured interviews within six care groups were performed between July and October 2017. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by two researchers independently.

Results

Respondents mentioned several preferred characteristics of the CLI such as easy accessibility of the intervention site and the presence of health care professionals during exercise sessions. Moreover, factors that could influence implementation (such as attitude of the health care professionals) and preconditions for a successful implementation of a CLI (such as structural funding and good infrastructure) were identified. Overall, positive HPFIs (e.g. a reward) were preferred over negative HPFIs (e.g. a fine). According to the respondents, HPFIs could positively influence the degree of participation, and break down barriers for participating in and finishing the CLI.

Conclusions

Multiple barriers and facilitators for successful implementation of a CLI were identified. For successful implementing CLIs, a positive attitude of all stakeholders is essential and specific preconditions should be fulfilled. With regard to adding a HPFI, more research is needed to identify the attitude of specific target groups towards an HPFI.
Surgical resection and reconstructive techniques using autologous femoral head bone-grafting in treating partial acetabular defects arising from primary pelvic malignant tumors
Authors: Sun Wei , Zan Pengfei , Ma Xiaojun , Hua Yingqi , Shen Jiakang , Cai Zhengdong
Published: October 2019

Background

The aim of this study is to present and evaluate surgical resection and reconstructive techniques using autologous femoral head bone-grafting in treating partial acetabular defects arising from primary pelvic malignant tumors.

Methods

From January 2009 until January 2015, a total of 20 primary pelvic malignancy cases involving the acetabulum were retrospectively investigated. Surgical resections and reconstructions were conducted based on the type of the tumor with custom osteotomy guides and autologous femoral head bone-grafting. In all cases, prosthesis survival period, complication occurrence, and clinical outcomes data were collected and analyzed.

Results

Thirteen male and 7 female patients with an average age of 48 years old (range 23-69 years old) were followed for a median of 69 months (range 48-112 months). Of these cases, 17 included chondrosarcomas and 3 additional patients with a malignant giant cell tumor of bone (MBGCT) as proven by pathology. During follow-up, 3 cases of chondrosarcoma recurred (15%), of which two cases received hemi-pelvic amputation, 1 case of MBGCT relapsed and developed pulmonary metastases. Two cases of acetabular prosthesis with an impending dislocation received closed reduction followed by 6 weeks of hip abduction brace fixation. One case of prosthesis loosening was revised. In another case a deep infection occurred with debridement and prosthesis removal. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 (MSTS-93) score was utilized to conduct functional evaluation: 13 cases were good, 6 were average and one was poor.

Conclusion

The precision of the osteotomies performed is likely crucial for this type of reconstructive strategy to be successful. The use of custom guides for acetabular osteotomies and femoral head reconstruction can improve functional outcomes with relatively low complications at the intermediate length of follow-up.
The analgesic effect of propofol associated with the inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Hsiao Hung-Tsung , Liu Yuan-Yuarn , Wang Jeffrey Chi-Fei , Lin Ya-Chi , Liu Yen-Chin
Published: October 2019

Background

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is related to microcirculation impairment caused by tissue hypoxia and peripheral cytokine overproduction in the affected human limb and chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) is considered as an animal model for this intractable disease. Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CPIP involves the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and an exaggerated regional inflammatory and free radical response. The inhibition of HIF-1α is known to relieve CPIP. So, propofol, as a free radical scavenger, is very likely to be beneficial in terms of relieving CPIP.

Methods

We set up a CPIP model using the hindpaw of mice. We administered propofol (10 mg/kg) just after the reperfusion period (early stage) and also on the second day (late stage), as treatment. The analysis evaluated the expression of HIF-1α, free radicals, and inflammasome.

Results

Propofol administration produced obvious analgesia in both mechanical and thermal evaluation in the early stage of CPIP (2 h after reperfusion). Only a mild analgesic effect was found in the late stage (48 h later after reperfusion). In the early stage, the expression of HIF-1α and the inflammasome marker (NALP1) along with caspase-1 were suppressed by propofol. The free radical level also decreased in the propofol group. But those molecular changes were not founded in the late stage of CPIP.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated that propofol produces mice analgesia in the early stage of CPIP and this effect is associated with inhibition of free radical, hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome.
Unique health identifiers for universal health coverage
Authors: Mills Samuel , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary , Zorko Kodelja Martina , Bae Green , Kang Minah , Pannarunothai Supasit , Kijsanayotin Boonchai
Published: October 2019

Identifying everyone residing in a country, especially the poor, is an indispensable part of pursuing universal health coverage (UHC). Having information on an individuals’ financial protection is also imperative for measuring the progress of UHC. This paper examines different ways of instituting a system of unique health identifiers that can lead toward achieving UHC, particularly in relation to utilizing universal civil registration and national unique identification number systems. Civil registration is a fundamental function of the government that establishes a legal identity for individuals and enables them to access essential public services. National unique identification numbers assigned at birth registration can further link their vital event information with data collected in different sectors, including in finance and health. Some countries use the national unique identification number as the unique health identifier, such as is done in South Korea and Thailand. In other countries, a unique health identifier is created in addition to the national unique identification number, but the two numbers are linked; Slovenia offers an example of this arrangement. The advantages and disadvantages of the system types are discussed in the paper. In either approach, linking the health system with the civil registration and national identity management systems contributed to advancing effective and efficient UHC programs in those countries.
Cloud-based services for electronic civil registration and vital statistics systems
Authors: McDowall Brett , Mills Samuel
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the hosting options for electronic civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems, particularly the use of data centers versus cloud-based solutions. A data center is a facility that houses computer systems and associated hardware and software components, such as network and storage systems, power supplies, environment controls, and security devices. An alternative to using a data center is cloud-based hosting, which is a virtual data center hosted by a public cloud provider. The cloud is used on a pay-as-you-go basis and does not require purchasing and maintaining of hardware for data centers. It also provides more flexibility for continuous innovation in line with evolving information and communications technology.
eLearning course for improving civil registration and vital statistics systems
Authors: Mills Samuel , Jagannathan Sheila , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary
Published: October 2019

The World Bank Group (WBG), in partnership with the Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Group, the Korea Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the WBG Open Learning Campus, launched the first comprehensive CRVS eLearning course in May 2017. The development of this course demonstrates the commitment and collaboration of development partners and governments working closely together in building the capacity of national institutions to improve CRVS systems in low- and middle-income countries. As of December 2018, over 2300 learners from 137 countries have enrolled in the course. This paper discusses how the course has been developed, disseminated, and evaluated thus far. It also presents the challenges faced and how the course has improved based on feedback from course participants.
Economic analysis of producing vital statistics using civil registration data in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Mills Samuel , Amponsah Daniel
Published: October 2019

The government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is currently in the preparation stage of a 5-year project that will establish an electronic civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. The authors of this paper adapted a framework for economic analysis developed by Jimenez-Soto et al. (Jimenez-Soto et al., PLoS ONE 9(8): e106234, 2014) to assess the cost-effectiveness of producing vital statistics in Lao PDR using data from a complete electronic CRVS system, compared to using data from other sources, such as the 2015 Population and Housing Census and the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey (LSIS). Of 20 types of vital statistics (including birth statistics, fertility rates, and death statistics), a complete and accurate CRVS system can produce all 20 of these vital statistics, while the 2015 Census can produce 17, and the 2017 LSIS and the current civil registration system can produce 4 each. A cost-effectiveness analysis of different data sources for producing vital statistics over a 20-year projection showed that a complete and accurate CRVS system ranked best, followed by population census and population-based survey. In addition to enabling vital statistics to be produced cost-effectively, a robust civil registration system would also support improving the efficiency of public service delivery, leading to further cost savings for the country.
Medical system and nutrition improvement for the rural elderly
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Jiang Jinqi , Zeng Qiyan
Published: October 2019

Background

Insufficient nutrition intake has negatively influenced the health of the elderly in rural China where the problem of population aging is serious. The present study aims to explore whether the medical system, called the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS), can improve the rural elderly’s nutrition intake and the mechanism behind it.

Methods

The difference in differences (DID) model and the propensity score matching-difference in differences (PSM-DID) model are both performed to investigate the impact of the medical system on nutrition improvement for the rural elderly. Two thousand seven hundred eighty rural elderly samples tracked in 2000 and 2006 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey are analyzed. Indices for the elderly’s nutrition intake includes daily average intake of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrate.

Results

The results show that participation in the NRCMS can significantly increase the rural elderly’s total energy intake, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake by 206.688 kcal, 36.379 g, and 6.979 g, respectively. A more significant impact of the NRCMS on nutrition intake is observed in the central and near-western where economic development is lagging behind. Also, compared to people of 18–60 age group, such impact is statistically more significant in the elderly for the carbohydrate intake.

Conclusions

The NRCMS can improve the rural elderly’s nutrition intake in China. As the population ages rapidly in rural China, the present study provides recommendations on how to improve nutrition and health status of the elderly from the aspect of the medical system.
Silencing the Culture of Chosŏn Buddhism: The Ideology of Exclusion of theChosŏn Wangjo Sillok
Authors: Kim Sung-Eun Thomas
Published: October 2019

The culture of Buddhism and its history have been marginalized in the collective memories of the Chosŏn period. Due to the inclination of contemporary research to depend on official records, the patterns of Confucian biases have come to persist in current research. This article examines the ideological biases and the historiographical legacy of the Chosŏn wangjo sillok, a source that has been privileged in the study of Chosŏn history and society. In light of the ideologically driven historiography of the Sillok, this article argues for a nuanced understanding of Chosŏn history and a reconsideration of the social and cultural role of Chosŏn Buddhism during a time that has generally been accepted as a period of Buddhist decline. Through alternative sources of history and new approaches to understanding Chosŏn Buddhism, we are afforded a look into a side of Buddhist culture that endured. For instance, the literary culture of poetry exchanges, the tradition of scholar-officials composing biographical introductions to the collected works of eminent monks (munjip), and the sponsorship of temple works by the sociopolitical elites reveals a Buddhism that existed in the private social (sa) realm that were excluded from the government records and thus, so far, overlooked.
Vernacular Itineraries: Korean Letters from Family to National Archive
Authors: Chizhova Ksenia
Published: October 2019

Vernacular Korean letters were exchanged routinely in the royal and elite families of Chosŏn Korea (1392–1910), and women were at least on one side of a letter’s itinerary. While male-centered literary Chinese learning held highest prestige, the patriarchal families of the time cherished their private archives, in which vernacular letters were sentimental mementos, testaments of women’s learning, and status symbols. This familial epistolary archive received varying elaborations as it transitioned into museums and departments of national literature in South Korea. While elite vernacular epistolary style (naeganch’e) embodies the core of tradition and national literature for such colonial-era intellectuals as Yi Pyŏnggi (1891–1968) and Yi T’aejun (1904–?), the anticolonial and antifeudal current of the post-1945 South Korean scholarship overlooks the elite tradition. This explains the persistent invisibility of women-centered elite vernacular culture in the contemporary scholarship of Chosŏn Korea. Developing the notion of itinerary—the transition, appropriation, and recoding of elite vernacular letters—this article ponders the implication of archival practices upon the study of the past, and highlights the knowledge systems that determined the visibility and meaning of elite vernacular culture in Korea’s modern era.
Matriptase drives early-onset intestinal failure in a mouse model of congenital tufting enteropathy
Authors: Szabo Roman , Callies LuLu K. , Bugge Thomas H.
Published: October 2019

Syndromic congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is a life-threatening recessive human genetic disorder, which is caused by mutations in SPINT2, encoding the protease inhibitor, HAI-2, and is characterized by severe intestinal dysfunction. We recently reported the generation of a Spint2-deficient mouse model of CTE. Here, we show that the CTE-associated early-onset intestinal failure and lethality of Spint2-deficient mice is caused by unchecked activity of the serine protease, matriptase. Macroscopic and histological defects observed in the absence of HAI-2, including villous atrophy, luminal bleeding, loss of mucin-producing goblet cells, loss of defined crypt architecture and the resulting acute inflammatory response in the large intestine, were all prevented by intestinal-specific inactivation of the St14 gene encoding matriptase. The CTE-associated loss of the cell junctional proteins EpCAM and claudin-7 was also prevented. As a result, inactivation of intestinal matriptase allowed Spint2-deficient mice to gain weight after birth and dramatically increased their life span. These data implicate matriptase as a causative agent in development of CTE and may provide a new target for the treatment of CTE in patients carrying SPINT2 mutations.
Impact of the influenza protein PB1-F2 on the biochemical composition of human epithelial cells revealed by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy
Authors: Leymarie Olivier , Le Goffic Ronan , Jamme Frédéric , Chevalier Christophe
Published: October 2019

PB1-F2 is a non-structural protein of influenza A viruses (IAV) that modulates viral pathogenesis in a host-specific
manner. In mammals, this protein has been shown to increase IAV virulence by delaying the early immune response and,
eventually, exacerbating lung inflammation at the late stage of infection. PB1-F2 is a small protein, but displays very high
sequence polymorphism and sequence length disparity depending on viral strain. These features result in strong variations
in the cellular activity of PB1-F2. Studies have also reported that the effect of PB1-F2 is cell-type dependent. It has notably
been shown that PB1-F2 can promote apoptosis in immune cells, but not in epithelial cells. This phenomenon appears to be
partly related to the higher order structure of the protein, given that the presence of PB1-F2 β-aggregated structures in
infected immune cells correlates with cell death induction. In this work, we evaluated, by synchrotron Fourier transform
infrared spectromicroscopy, the impact of the transient expression of PB1-F2 on the biochemical composition of the human
epithelial cell line HEK293T. Two PB1-F2 variants that are closely related to each other but derived from a strain with high
[A/BrevigMission/1/1918 (H1N1)] or a low [A/WSN/1933 (H1N1)] virulence were studied here. Infrared spectra analysis
revealed no specific enrichment of β-aggregated structures in PB1-F2-expressing cells. Nevertheless, this analysis
suggested that there is a higher content of β-sheet secondary structures in the PB1-F2 from A/WSN/1933 than that from
A/BrevigMission/1/1918. Our data also showed no change in membrane composition in the presence of PB1-F2, implying
that PB1-F2 does not promote apoptosis in HEK293T cells. Finally, we found that the PB1-F2 from A/WSN/1933 interferes
with adenosine triphosphate production, suggesting that this PB1-F2 variant may disturb the mitochondrial activity.
Cognitive control depletion reduces pre-stimulus and recollection-related measures of strategic retrieval
Authors: Herron Jane E
Published: October 2019

Background: The ability to strategically retrieve task-relevant information from episodic memory is thought to rely on goal-directed executive processes, and there is evidence that neural correlates of strategic retrieval are sensitive to reserves of cognitive control. The present study extended this work, exploring the role of cognitive control in the flexible orienting of strategic retrieval processes across alternating retrieval goals.

Method: Pre-stimulus cues directed participants to endorse memory targets from one of two encoding contexts, with the target encoding context alternating every two trials. Items from the nontarget encoding context were rejected alongside new items. One group of participants completed a Stroop task prior to the memory test in order to deplete their reserves of cognitive control, while a second group performed a control task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded throughout the memory task, and time-locked to both pre-stimulus cues and memory probes.

Results: Control participants’ pre-stimulus ERPs showed sustained divergences at frontal electrode sites according to retrieval goal. This effect was evident on the first trial of each memory task, and linked with the initiation of goal-specific retrieval orientations. Control participants also showed enhanced ERP correlates of recollection (the ‘left parietal effect’) for correctly classified targets relative to nontargets on the second trial of each memory task, indexing strategic retrieval of task-relevant information. Both the pre-stimulus index of retrieval orientation and the target/nontarget left parietal effect were significantly attenuated in participants that completed the Stroop task.

Conclusions: The reduction of pre-stimulus and stimulus-locked ERP effects following the Stroop task indicates that available reserves of cognitive control play an important role in both proactive and recollection-related aspects of strategic retrieval.
The lipid transfer protein Saposin B does not directly bind CD1d for lipid antigen loading
Authors: Shamin Maria , Benedyk Tomasz H. , Graham Stephen C. , Deane Janet E.
Published: October 2019

Background: Lipid antigens are presented on the surface of cells by the CD1 family of glycoproteins, which have structural and functional similarity to MHC class I molecules. The hydrophobic lipid antigens are embedded in membranes and inaccessible to the lumenal lipid-binding domain of CD1 molecules. Therefore, CD1 molecules require lipid transfer proteins for lipid loading and editing. CD1d is loaded with lipids in late endocytic compartments, and lipid transfer proteins of the saposin family have been shown to play a crucial role in this process. However, the mechanism by which saposins facilitate lipid binding to CD1 molecules is not known and is thought to involve transient interactions between protein components to ensure CD1-lipid complexes can be efficiently trafficked to the plasma membrane for antigen presentation. Of the four saposin proteins, the importance of Saposin B (SapB) for loading of CD1d is the most well-characterised. However, a direct interaction between CD1d and SapB has yet to be described.

Methods: In order to determine how SapB might load lipids onto CD1d, we used purified, recombinant CD1d and SapB and carried out a series of highly sensitive binding assays to monitor direct interactions. We performed equilibrium binding analysis, chemical cross-linking and co-crystallisation experiments, under a range of different conditions.

Results: We could not demonstrate a direct interaction between SapB and CD1d using any of these binding assays.

Conclusions: This work strongly indicates that the role of SapB in lipid loading does not involve direct binding to CD1d. We discuss the implication of this for our understanding of lipid loading of CD1d and propose several factors that may influence this process.
Adaptive software defined networking control of space division multiplexing super-channels exploiting the spatial-mode dimension
Authors: Muñoz R. , Yoshikane N. , Vilalta R. , Fàbrega J. M. , Rodríguez L. , Soma D. , Beppu S. , Sumita S. , Casellas R. , Martínez R. , Tsuritani T. , Morita I.
Published: October 2019

Space division multiplexing (SDM) super-channels are the only way to guarantee a sustainable scaling of the optical line interface rate. High-capacity terabit interfaces can be deployed by logically associating several optical sub-channels transmitted in parallel in different spatial cores or modes in order to create an (logical) optical channel with the desired interface rate. This paper is focused on the use of spatial modes for SDM super-channels. First, we present a software defined networking (SDN)-controlled disaggregated SDM network architecture that deploys the proposed sliceable-mode transceivers with multiple-input multiple-output equalization. Then, we present the adaptive SDN workflow and heuristics for the provisioning, scaling up/down, and soft-failure restoration of SDM super-channels using spatial modes. Two proofs of concept are deployed in the joint testbed between KDDI Research and CTTC.
Über die Evaluierung der Mietpreisbremse
Authors: Thomschke Lorenz
Published: October 2019

Die Einführung der sogenannten Mietpreisbremse im Jahr 2015 war ein massiver Eingriff in den deutschen Wohnungsmarkt, mit der drastischen Mietpreissteigerungen in angespannten Wohnungsmärkten ein Riegel vorgeschoben werden sollte. Durch die Reform sollte das Wohnen in prosperierenden Städten – so das politische Versprechen – auch für Normal- und Niedrigeinkommensbezieher erschwinglich bleiben.

Viele Ökonomen befürchteten jedoch, dass die Maßnahme ein unverhältnismäßiger Eingriff sei, der mehr Schaden als Nutzen bringe. Im Kern befürchten die Kritiker, dass derartige Maßnahmen mit einer ineffizienten Verteilung von Wohnraum einhergehen und kaum Entlastung für die beabsichtigten Haushalte bringen würden. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Folgenden zunächst theoretische Aspekte von Mietpreisregulierungen im Allgemeinen und der Mietpreisbremse im Speziellen thematisiert. Empirische Befunde zu den theoretischen Diskussionen aus der internationalen Literatur sind allerdings rar, denn bereits die Messung der Preiseffekte von Mietpreisregulierungen ist mit weitreichenden Annahmen und methodischen Herausforderungen verbunden. Daher werden auch die Fallstricke bei der Messung von Preiseffekten erläutert und die vorliegenden empirischen Studien zur Mietpreisbremse werden in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert.
How to dress up in Eretz Israel, 1880s–1948: A visual approach to clothing, fashion and nation building
Authors: Bethke Svenja
Published: October 2019

This article provides a methodological approach to the integration of Zionist photographs into research on the pre-state Jewish community in Eretz Israel from the end of the nineteenth century until the foundation of the Jewish state in 1948. By focusing on dress, and drawing on visual culture and fashion studies, the article highlights the role of the individual in nation building and foregrounds the influence of various migrant groups in the emergence of a national project. While scholarship has largely ignored the role of dress, and especially male dress, in pre-state settings, the article takes the example of Eretz Israel to show how examining dress in Zionist photographs sheds light on the experimental and transnational character in search of a new Hebrew culture. By examining three photographs of socialist Zionist groups of the second Aliyah, the article shows how male Zionist settlers integrated transnational dressing habits and fantasies about their imagined homeland. They created a new way of dressing as an expression of political agendas that were interconnected with the reinvention of a new image of the male Jew. Looking beyond the case study of Eretz Israel, the article stresses the broader relevance of dress in the negotiations and power struggles at the micro level of a pre-state community and the emergence of national clothing ideals. It concludes by outlining ways of refining the methodological approach, and suggesting future research avenues at the intersection of fashion studies and nation building by shifting the focus towards case studies prior to the existence of national fashion systems.
Fabricating black modernity: Fashion and African American womanhood during the first great migration
Authors: Rabinovitch-Fox Einav
Published: October 2019

The early twentieth century was a time of great influx in America. Shifting demographics in the 1910s and 1920s, most notably the migration of thousands of African Americans from the rural South to the urban centres of the North, opened economic and leisure possibilities that provided new spaces to define black modernity and its role in shaping American identity. Debates over black women’s bodies, clothing, hair, and general appearance stood at the centre of public attention and political discourse over gender and race equality, forming a realm where African Americans could challenge white racist stereotypes regarding black femininity and beauty, as well as a means through which they could claim new freedoms and achieve economic mobility. Middle-class reformers, young black migrants, as well as new role models such as female performers and blues singers, all used dress and appearance to redefine notions of beauty, respectability and freedom on their own terms. For these women, fashions became intertwined with questions of racial progress and inclusion in American society, offering a way to lay claims for equal citizenship that moved beyond individual expressions and preferences. This article highlights the place of fashion as a critical political realm for African Americans, who were often barred from access to formal routes of power in the era of Jim Crow. Shifting the perspective beyond official forms of civil rights activism, it argues that fashion enabled black women to carve new positions of power from which they could actively participate in gender and racial politics, demanding their equal place in American society.
Overcoming the ‘tyranny of distance’ in instrumental music tuition in Australia: The iMCM project
Authors: Stevens Robin S. , McPherson Gary E. , Moore Graham A.
Published: October 2019

Instrumental and vocal music students in regional and remote areas of Australia are often significantly disadvantaged in their development by the lack of local teachers who specialize in the instrument being learned. The current rollout of National Broadband Network (NBN) across Australia offers the potential for overcoming this geographical disadvantage by providing specialist online tuition through videoconferencing. This article reports on an investigation of technical and pedagogical issues associated with synchronous online instrumental tuition. The outcomes from laboratory- and field-based trials included identification of optimal hardware and software delivery systems and pedagogical considerations for optimizing online instrumental learning.
Nodular goiter and thyroid cancer in children and adolescents living at the territories of Kaluga district contaminated with radionuclides
Authors: Matveyenko Ye. G. , Gorobets V. F. , Vtyurin B. M. , Parshin V. S. , Oleinik N. A. , Rumyantsev P. O. , Leshakov S. Yu. , Borovikova M. P.
Published: October 2019

Thyroid status of children and adolescents living in the Kaluga district at territories contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident was followed up from 1986 to 1994. Clinical studies included examination by endocrinologist, ultrasonic examination of the thyroid and regional lymph nodes with fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid tissue, if indicated, and measurements of blood serum levels of thyrotropin, thyroxin, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin and autoantibodies to it, and of antibodies to the microsomal fraction of thyrocytes. Special attention was paid to the detection of nodular formations in the thyroid and identification of their type. The diagnoses were verified at Medical Radiology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in the town of Obninsk. In 1994 an increase in the incidence of nodular goiter was observed in the cohort of children followed up. Four cases of thyroid cancer (follicular and papillary forms) were diagnosed in 1993-1994 among subjects exposed to radioactive iodine in childhood after the accident. Three of these patients were examined and treated at the Medical Radiology Research Center. Detailed excerpts from their case histories are presented.
Processos de desenvolvimento da subjetividade: alternativas teóricas na compreensão das dificuldades de aprendizagem
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Martins do Carmo de
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo explicar processos de desenvolvimento da subjetividade, a partir do movimento configuracional subjetivo em uma criança em sala de aula, considerando os processos que levaram à emergência de uma configuração subjetiva geradora do desenvolvimento subjetivo que, entre outras coisas, facilitou a aprendizagem. Para tanto, é apresentado um estudo de caso de um aluno do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de Brasília. O referencial teórico utilizado é o da Teoria da Subjetividade, em uma perspectiva cultural-histórica, juntamente com seu norte epistemológico e metodológico, constituído, respectivamente, pela Epistemologia Qualitativa e pelo método construtivo-interpretativo. Foram utilizados, como principais instrumentos, as dinâmicas conversacionais e as sessões interativas diversas, que geraram um espaço dialógico, relacional e subjetivo, com o intuito de acompanhar a expressão singular e diferenciada da criança em sala de aula. A configuração subjetiva do desenvolvimento que foi sendo gerada no curso da pesquisa permitiu compreender os diferentes posicionamentos do participante, que passou a ser ativo, que conquistou espaço na sala de aula e que se engajou nas atividades propostas, com significativo avanço em relação à aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Os resultados apontaram para um novo olhar em relação às dificuldades da aprendizagem, articulando simultaneamente as trajetórias únicas de vida, concepções, experiências e formas de sociabilidade como aspectos a serem considerados desde uma perspectiva complexa, para além das concepções estreitas, universalistas e deterministas sobre a criança e o seu desenvolvimento na escola. Fala-se, assim, em situar o processo de desenvolvimento dentro da trama de vida do aluno, e não fora dela.
Uso das tecnologias na escola
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Clara Lima
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar como os avanços das tecnologias digitais podem ser assimilados na escola e no processo de letramento dos estudantes. A metodologia adotada é caracterizada como qualitativa baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva. Este artigo é justificado pelas perspectivas apontadas em torno do ensino, incentivando a criatividade e expressão dos estudantes e trazendo aporte aos professores e à academia, no que tange às observações em torno do letramento, da utilização das tecnologias e da importância de se pensar novas abordagens dentro das escolas. Concluiu-se que Stop Motion, como ferramenta pedagógica, é uma técnica de caráter artesanal, que requer planejamento e criatividade por parte de seus executores para atrair os espectadores. O Stop Motion constitui uma oportunidade para explorar os multiletramentos dos sujeitos em formação, suscitando a reflexão dos estudantes sobre conteúdos explorados, pois requer estudo da temática e planejamento para a construção do produto. Foi possível constatar que a utilização das TIC nas escolas pode ser assimilada mediante a realização de projetos e atividades que relacionem sua utilização com os conteúdos abordados. Há possibilidades de aproximação das TIC com o ambiente escolar, e a aplicabilidade do Stop Motion situa-o como uma ferramenta útil e acessível.
Trans. Formando-se
Authors: Sampaio Arthur Fernandes , Souza Karlla Christine Araújo , Fernandes Amélia Carolina Lopes
Published: October 2019

As articulações de pessoas trans se dão por meio de pautas, versando basicamente sobre direitos humanos. Sobre esses direitos, o campo da saúde é um dos que possibilita o acompanhamento desse caminhar. Este artigo trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção com objetivo de conhecer sobre a saúde das pessoas trans a partir de uma intervenção em educação com profissionais de saúde residentes. Para isso, foi usada a metodologia freiriana do Círculo de Cultura com os profissionais de saúde. Foram produzidos os seguintes temas: Educação, Respeito às diferenças, Seus ouvidos têm paredes e (Des)Construção. Foi possível perceber a dificuldade de manejo dos residentes em relação às demandas das pessoas trans. Pode-se perceber ainda que a metodologia utilizada conseguiu promover problematizações e um espaço formativo a esses residentes, sinalizando uma transformação no cenário de saúde atual. Assim, nota-se que uma educação democrática pode ser geradora de mudanças, pois afeta, implica e pode gerar empatia. E esta, no que diz respeito ao entendimento do processo saúde-doença de pessoas trans, parece ser fundamental na mudança de realidades.
Folded W-Band Waveguide Filters with Resonant Coupling Apertures for the Generation of Additional Transmission Zeros
Authors: Miek Daniel , Morán-López Ana , Ruiz-Cruz Jorge A. , Höft Michael
Published: October 2019

In this paper the realization of multiple additional transmission zeros in folded W-band waveguide filters is discussed. The transmission zeros (TZs) can be placed symmetrically as well as asymmetrically in the near passband region of the filter and arise due to a resonant coupling between source and / or load. Third and fourth order filter set-ups are presented, showing in total between three and six TZs. These zeros can be used to improve the selectivity of the filter without increasing the overall order. The filter design and realization process is discussed. Subsequently, the measurement results are compared with simulation, showing good agreement. As the filters are designed for the W-band, the manufacturing process is connected with some difficulties which are addressed within this paper as well.
Effective construction of covers of canonical Hom-diagrams for equations over torsion-free hyperbolic groups
Authors: Kharlampovich Olga , Myasnikov Alexei , Taam Alexander
Published: October 2019

We show that, given a finitely generated group G as the coordinate group of a finite system of equations over a torsion-free hyperbolic group Γ, there is an algorithm which constructs a cover of a canonical solution diagram.
The diagram encodes all homomorphisms from G to Γ as compositions of factorizations through Γ-NTQ groups and canonical automorphisms of the corresponding NTQ-subgroups.
We also give another characterization of Γ-limit groups as iterated generalized doubles over Γ.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-(2-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-ium)ethoxy)ethyl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-ium bis(hexafluorophosphate) — acetonitrile (1/1), C18H20ON4F12P2
Authors: Bo Zhao , Yue Zhong , Jiewei Luo
Published: October 2019

C18H20ON4F12P2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.393(8) Å, b = 10.894(10) Å, c = 13.716(12) Å, α = 107.741(14)°, β = 100.379(15)°, γ = 92.869(14)°, V = 1306.7(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0916, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1970, T = 296(2) K.
Design and simulation of an optimized electrothermal microactuator with Z-shaped beams
Authors: Tecpoyotl Torres Margarita , Cabello Ruiz Ramón , Vera Dimas José Gerardo
Published: October 2019

The displacement of the central shuttle of a Z-shape chevron actuator can be calculated using a developed approach from other authors. Who demonstrated that the actuators with this geometry offer a larger displacement compared with V-shape actuators. Z-shape offers a larger stiffness and output force for the case of only one arm.  This paper is focused on the optimization of the Z-shaped beams of a chevron actuator of eight beams, which seeks to increase the previously described response. The structure is designed in parametric solid modeling 3D software Autodesk Inventor, and simulated by finite element method in Ansys 15.0. These simulations were implemented considering several modifications on the length of the Z-shaped beams in order to choose the most appropriate length. The electric potential applied in all cases was from 0.2 V up to 5 V. The Z-shape length of the arms for the case of the optimized Z-shape actuator increases the shuttle’s displacement in approximately 50% compared to V-shape actuator, and 38% compare to the original Z-shape. Analytical adjusted approach is extremely matched with the simulations results. Length of the Z-shape beam is the determinant factor of the displacement. The low stiffness of the optimized Z-shape actuator (89% lower than the original V-shape and 58% compared to Z-shape) can allow its use as load sensor.
El uso de las autopsias verbales para analizar algunos suicidios de varones progenitores
Authors: Figueroa Perea Juan Guillermo , Nájera-Aguirre Jéssica Natalia
Published: October 2019

Se exploran algunas posibilidades metodológicas del uso de la autopsia verbal, también nombrada autopsia psicológica o psicosocial, para reconstruir el contexto en el que fallecieron por suicidio algunos hombres por causas potencialmente asociadas a sus experiencias reproductivas. Se reflexiona sobre cuáles son dichas experiencias, de acuerdo con lo que socialmente se aprende desde la socialización de género. La hipótesis de trabajo es que algunos fallecimientos se asocian a causas no incluidas tradicionalmente en los certificados médicos de defunción; tales fallecimientos no se restringen a procesos fisiológicos, como se ha privilegiado al definir la mortalidad materna, a partir del entorno del embarazo, parto y puerperio, sino a atributos de género. Se esboza el análisis que podría desarrollarse si se dispone de información desde la lectura de autopsias verbales y se comentan algunos casos a manera de ejemplo, partiendo de información indirecta. El texto concluye con propuestas para investigar sobre el tema.
Ideación suicida y su asociación con drogas, depresión e impulsividad en una muestra representativa de estudiantes de secundaria del estado de Campeche, México
Authors: González-Forteza Catalina , Juárez López Carlos Emilio , Montejo León Liliana de los Ángeles , Oseguera Díaz Gonzalo , Wagner Echeagaray Fernando A. , Jiménez Tapia Alberto
Published: October 2019

El suicidio es un problema de salud pública. Su etiología es multifactorial y en ella aparece elconsumo de drogas. Por ello, el objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de ideación suicida y su relación con el consumo de drogas, depresión, impulsividad y autoestima en el estado de Campeche. El estudio fue retrospectivo, transversal, analítico, con una muestra probabilística de 30 escuelas que aportan 2386 estudiantes de secundaria. El resultado fue la prevalencia de ideación suicida de 13.1% (15.5% en mujeres). Hubo asociación con tabaquismo alto, alcoholismo severo y uso de otras drogas (inhalables, mariguana, cocaína, crack y tachas) en el último mes. El consumo de drogas, asociado con depresión e impulsividad, predijo la ideación suicida en 44.2%. Finalmente, se encontró una asociación importante entre consumo de drogas e ideación suicida; y la depresión e impulsividad son factores que potencian e incrementan la predicción de ideación suicida.