bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Entrapment of Vitamin E in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Rambutan Seed Fat for Cosmeceutical Uses
Authors: Uraiwan Kwansiri , Satirapipathkul Chutimon
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present work was to extract the seed fat of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) for developing nanostructured lipid carriers. Effect of material: solvent ratio and material size time on fat content were investigated. Nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by melt-emulsification technique. Stearic acid (SA) and the rambutan seed fat (RF) was used as solid and liquid lipid, respectively. Surfactant was Tween 20 as well as Vitamin E was entrapment chemical. Effect of surfactant concentration on formation and stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) was investigated. At higher surfactant concentrations, NLC had smaller particle size and better stability of nanoparticles. At the optimal concentration of Tween 20 (5% w/w), NLC had a mean particle diameter of 139.43 ± 1.15 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.165 ± 0.017. Zeta potential was above 30 mV.
Luminescence and Scintillation Characteristics of Gd2SiO5: Ce Single Crystal Scintillator
Authors: Yawai Nattasuda , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Wantong Kriangkrai , Nikl Martin
Published: January 2016

The luminescence and gamma-ray detection properties of Gd2SiO5: Ce single crystal scintillator were investigated. The light yield (LY) and energy resolution were measured using R6231 photomultiplier. At 662 keV γ-rays, high LY of 10,300 photons /MeV and good energy resolution of 6.4 % were obtained. The intrinsic LY and light loss coefficient under excitation with 662 keV γ-rays were evaluated. The mass attenuation coefficient for 662 keV γ-rays was also measured by transmission method and compared with the theoretical value calculated by WinXCom program.
Effect of Poly(Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate) as a Self-Healing Agent in Geopolymer Exposed to Various Curing Temperatures
Authors: Kusbiantoro Andri , Rahman Norbaizurah , Chin Siew Choo , Bayu Aji Ridho
Published: January 2016

The elevated temperature curing could cause rapid evaporation of moisture from geopolymer framework, which in turn will trigger a drying shrinkage to the specimen and affect the performance of hardened geopolymer. Different studies have been done on the characteristics of fly ash based geopolymer, yet scarce studies are available on the addition of self-healing agent to reduce shrinkage phenomenon during heat curing. This study experimentally examines the effect of PVA (poly ethylene vinyl acetate) as a self-healing agent on the mechanical properties of geopolymer mortar after 24 hours curing in various temperatures. The effect of PVA was evaluated at 1% of fly ash weight in geopolymer mixture with various curing temperatures of 70, 80, and 90 oC. The curing process of geopolymer mortar was done for 24 hours without any post-cast detainment period. Compressive strength and porosity tests were conducted to provide fundamental information on the hardened properties of geopolymer mortar. Based on the results, 90oC heat curing showed higher improvement on compressive strength properties than other specimens. Strength development of geopolymer mortar was also affected by various geopolymerization rate that relies on the heat exposure.
The Effect of Pb2+ and Cd2+ Addition to Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste
Authors: Supriadi Warih , Subaer  , Bayuaji Ridho , Burhan R.Y.P. , Fansuri Hamzah
Published: January 2016

Immobilization of heavy metal ions using geopolymer paste is a promising way to solve the problem with heavy metal waste from industries. This research focused on the immobilization of Pb2+ and Cd2+ which are common heavy metal waste with distinctive cation size. The cations were immobilized by geopolymerization process to form geopolymer paste. The paste was prepared by using fly ash from a power plant in Cilacap, Indonesia, with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio = 3 and S/L = 1.6. According to XRF analysis, the ash is type C fly ash and additional Al(OH)3 was needed to achieve the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. A solution of Cd2+ or Pb2+ from their respective nitrate salts was added to the geopolymer mixture to make an immobilized Cd2+ or Pb2+ in a fly ash geopolymer matrix. Compressive strength tests showed that the maximum strength was achieved when 3855 ppm of Cd2+ or 765 ppm of Pb2+ was added to the geopolymer mixture. The change of strength is explained to be caused by the filling of geopolymer cavities that were formed during the geopolymerization process. Due to the smaller size of Cd2+ than Pb2+, the strongest geopolymer paste was achieved at higher Cd2+ concentration than Pb2+. X-ray diffraction analyses results show that the addition of Cd2+ or Pb2+ shift the position on hump to larger 2θ.
Geopolymer Grout Material
Authors: Trimurtiningrum Retno , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an experimental study of geopolymer material as an alternative material for grouting. The samples were class F Fly ash as raw materials, activated with 6M, 8M, and 10 M concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Superplasticizer from naphtelenesulphonatedand polycarboxylic ether hyper plasticizer in the range of 0-3% were added to improve its workability. Some test methods are conducted to the samples to know the fresh and hardened-state properties of geopolymer mixture.The experimental results showed that the longest initial and final setting time were about 13 minutes and 20 minutes, respectively at the lowest alkali concentration mixtures. The flowability of geopolymer paste and geopolymer mortar were 154% with flow table test. However, mixtures with the highest alkali concentration showed highest compressive strength of 104,5 MPa and 71 MPa for pasteand mortar respectively.
Fire Retardant Performance of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Coated Mild Steel - A Factorial Design and Microstructure Analysis
Authors: Mohd Basri Mohd Salahuddin , Mustapha Faizal , Mazlan Norkhairunnisa , Ishak Mohamad Ridzwan
Published: January 2016

Higher content of silica in geopolymer coating resulted in better thermal properties. Since rice husk ash (RHA) has the highest silica content compared to other aluminosilicate sources available, it offers the best potential to be an alternative silica source in producing geopolymer coating binder. In this study, five factors including ratio of alkaline activator (AA) (A), ratio of RHA/AA (B), curing temperature (C), curing time (D) and concentration of NaOH (E) were analyzed using statistical analysis to identify the significant factors that mostly influence fire retardant performance of RHA-based geopolymer coating. The fire retardant tests were conducted and results recorded included (i) time taken to reach 300°C and (ii) temperature at equilibrium. Sample S7 (coating composition of A=5.5, B=0.3, C=50°C, D=7days, E=8M) which produced the best fire retardant performance was selected for further detailed investigation using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the back temperature of mild steel plate of sample S7 reached 300°C after 17 minutes and achieved an equilibrium state at 398°C. SEM micrographs showed the presence of needle-like structures formed after fire test might be the reason for the best fire performance of sample S7.
Adhesion Study of Kaolin and White Clay as Source Materials on Non-Metallic Substrate in Geopolymer Coating
Authors: Shahedan Noor Fifinatasha , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Binhussain Mohammed , Hussin Kamarudin , Al Husaini Mohammed , Ramasamy Shamala
Published: January 2016

Properties of geopolymer coating on nonmetallic substrates, especially glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GRE) have been considered based on the effect of Si/Al ratio and surface treatment at a determined proportion of solid to liquid (S/L) and curing temperature.Kaolin and white clay have been used as geopolymer raw material in study of adhesive strength in geopolymer coating. Effect Si/Al ratio and surface treatment on adhesive strength has been tested from 0.40-0.60using Elcometer 106 Pull Off. The answer shows that Si/Al ratio and surface treatment were effecting the adhesive strength of geopolymer coating. The highest adhesive strength 6.0 MPa was found ina Si / Al ratio of 3.5 with surface treatment.
Analysis of Coal Waste Solidification as an Alternative Filler Material in Asphalt Concrete Mixture
Authors: Ahyudanari Ervina , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Tardas Mikhael
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this research is to observe the strength of asphalt concrete using solidified coal waste or geopolymer. The use of geopolymer is known in enhancing concrete mixture strength. More detail in this study is to acquire the comparison rate of stability and flow of mixture using geopolymer and the one with ordinary filler. The stability and melting rate of this mixture will determine whether the use of geopolymer as a filler material in flexible pavement is applicable. In this research, the first stage is to find the initial mix design, which is not including the geopolymer filler. From this research, it is found that the use of geopolymer increases the stability in asphalt mixture but reduce the melting rate and increase the cavity in the mixture. Although the melting rate decreases and the voids increases, the result acquired still fulfills the minimum specification of asphalt concrete for the high level of traffic load.
Effect of Bentonite Addition on Geopolymer Concrete from Geothermal Silica
Authors: Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti , Hulu Joshepine , Dalton Gede S.P. , Malinda Elsa , Prakosa Rizal Agung
Published: January 2016

Silica scaling is one of major problems in geothermal power plant. Silica recovery is a promising method to solve this particular problem in regard to silica utilization as geopolimer concrete. In this experimental study, bentonite was used as raw alumina source. Experiments were conducted by means observing the geopolymerization through alkaline activator ratio, raw material ratio, and temperature optimization. After mixing and casting for 24 hours, samples were cured at 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C for certain period of time and kept at room temperature for 7 days before compressive strength test. The optimum curing time and temperature gained from this experiment were 120 minutes and 100°C with compressive strength of 29.16 MPa. The development of geopolymer bond and microstructure of samples were then investigated by SEM technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also showed better improvement in geopolymer layer of concrete sample with increasing curing temperature.
Performance of Blended Fly Ash (FA) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) Geopolymer Mortar in Acidic Peat Environment
Authors: Satya Yudhi Salman Dwi , Saputra Edy , Olivia Monita
Published: January 2016

This paper presents performance of blended geopolymer mortars prepared from fly ash (FA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Both materials are used their Si and Al elements were activated by alkaline solution. The alkaline solution was prepared by mixing sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. The optimum mix proportion of geopolymer mortar with FA:POFA mass ratio was 90:10. The ratio of sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide solution by mass was 2.5:1. The mass ratio of sand to blended ashes was 2.75:1. The mortar specimens were prepared using 5×5×5 cm cube and cured at room temperature (28oC) for 3 days before subsequently heat-cured at 110oC for 24 hours. The specimens were immersed in distilled water and peat water with pH 4-5 for 120 days. The compressive strength change, porosity, and sorptivity tests were taken. In general, the results shows there was a decrease in strength, an increase in porosity and sorptivity of the blended geopolymer mortars. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) test revealed that interaction of geopolymers mortar with the acidic peat water can also cause replacement of the exchangeable cations (Na, K) in polymers by hidrogen or hydronium ions. Formation of some new zeolitic phases in blended FA-POFA geopolymer mortar exposed to acidic peat water were observed.
Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Based on the Fly Ash Variation
Authors: Antoni  , Wijaya Stephen Wibiatma , Hardjito Djwantoro
Published: January 2016

. This study was conducted to determine the factors that may affect the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolyme, manufactured using fly ash obtained from different power plants. Fly ash obtained from different sources may have very different characteristics that affect the properties of geopolymer product. The source of variations in the geopolymer properties from the view point of the source materials can be classified into internal and external factors. Internal factors include the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash, while external factors associated with mixture proportion of geopolymer and the manufacturing process. From the experimental results, it was found that the size of the fly ash granules, the CaO and MgO content, and the carbon content in fly ash are the internal factors that may affect the compressive strength of geopolymer. On the other hand, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide in the alkaline solution and the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution are the external factors influencing the compressive strength of geopolymer.
Current approach for urinary system stone disease in pregnant women
Authors: Celik Orcun , Türk Hakan , Cakmak Ozgur , Ekin Rahmi Gokhan , Keskin Mehmet Zeynel , Yildiz Guner , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem
Published: January 2016

Urinary system stones can be classified according to size, location, X-ray characteristics, aetiology of formation, composition, and risk of recurrence. Especially urolithiasis during pregnancy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In most cases, it becomes symptomatic in the second or third trimester. Diagnostic options in pregnant women are limited due to the possible teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic risk of foetal radiation exposure. Clinical management of a pregnant urolithiasis patient is complex and demands close collaboration between patient, obstetrician and urologist. We would like to review current diagnosis and treatment modalities of stone disease of pregnant woman.
A new approach in ureteral access sheath locating in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) by endovisional technique
Authors: Sönmez Mehmet Giray , Kara Cengiz
Published: January 2016

Objective: To compare the results of patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using endovisional technique for ureteral sheat locating with control group in which endovisional technique was not applied. Material and Methods: Of the 41 patients who underwent RIRS treatment for kidney stone, between March 2014- August 2015, 19 patients treated with endovisional technique formed the study group and remaining 22 patients formed the control group. Patients were evaluated for age and gender, baseline and post procedural creatinine level, duration of operation, fluoroscopy and hospitalization time, size and localization of the stone, presence of multiple stones, previous shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) procedure, double J catheter requirement, complication rate, residual stone rate and absence of stone ratio. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between age, gender, location of the stone, previous SWL procedure, presence of multiple stones, baseline and postprocedural creatinine level, absence of stone ratio, double J catheter requirement and hospitalization duration between the groups. The duration of operation and fluoroscopy of the patients were significantly shorter than the control group (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively). The complication rates of the endovisional technique group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Endovisional technique is considered to be an appropriate and useful technique in order to locate the sheath safely in patients who has difficulty in ureteral access sheath locating and to decrease the duration of operation and fluoroscopy.
Sexuality and erectile function after implantation of an Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) for urinary stress incontinence. A multi-institutional prospective study
Authors: Friedl Alexander , Bauer Wilhelm , Rom Maximilian , Kivaranovic Danijel , Lüftenegger Werner , Brössner Clemens
Published: January 2016

Objectives: To investigate erectile function and sexuality before/after implantation of the ATOMS device including continence outcome, pain perception and co-morbidities. Materials and methods: We collected data from 34 patients (2010-2014) who were provided with an ATOMS implant due to mild or moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after radical prostatectomy (RPE), transurethral resection (TURP) or radiotherapy. Previous failed implants were no contraindication. Sexuality was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) were used to analyse pain perception. Results regarding continence, influence of co-morbidities and drug intake were interpreted. Results: IIEF-5 score increased 6 months after ATOMS implantation with a mean difference of 2.18 (Cl: 1.22, 3.14), p < 0,001). Non-sexually active patients had the greatest benefit. However, 50% of patients achieved a mean IIEF-5 of 10.1 and 38% of patients reported a new onset of sexual activity at follow up (mean IIEF-5 score of 12.9). This is in accordance with reduced SUI and absence of persistent pain syndrome. Overall success rate regarding 24h pad-use was 88% (no pad rate 38%). Previous failed implants did not influence results but diabetes, obesity and drug intake (beta-blockers, antidepressants) led to poorer outcomes. Conclusion: Sexuality and erectile function improves significantly 6 months after ATOMS implantation. We postulate that reduced SUI (also during sexual activity) and absence of chronic pain are the improving factors. ATOMS should be offered to men with mild to moderate SUI who are interested in regaining their erectile function and sexual activity.
Penile prosthesis implant with bi-triangular excision and graft for surgical therapy of Peyronie’s disease: A case report
Authors: De Freitas Miranda Alexandre , Lopes Cançado Machado Bruno
Published: January 2016

We present a case of a 65-year-old man, who presented with moderate erectile dysfunction and a dorsal penile deviation of 60° caused by Peyronie’s disease. The patient underwent bi-triangularshaped plaque excision, followed by grafting and implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis. Complete penile straightening, without mechanical or geometric abnormalities, was achieved using bi-triangular excision and grafting. Postoperatively, the patient reported high satisfaction with the results and could perform sexual intercourse naturally. This novel technique corrects any degree of penile curvature, permits malleable and semi-rigid penile prosthesis implantation, avoids penile length loss, and eliminates additional incisions. To our knowledge, this case is the first in the literature in which the bi-triangular technique was successfully used for penile prosthesis implantation secondary to Peyronie’s disease. This new technique appears to be a good solution to correct penile curvature during penile prosthesis implantation for the treatment of Peyronie’s disease associated with erectile dysfunction.
Long-term augmentation therapy with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in an MZ-AAT severe persistent asthma
Authors: Blanco I. , Canto H. , Flóres J. , Camblor C. , Cárcaba V. , De Serres F.J. , Janciauskiene S. , Bustillo E.F.
Published: January 2016

A young Caucasian female with severe bronchial asthma and Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, MZ phenotype, experienced a quick and severe limitation of her physical capacity, which negatively affected her psychological state and social life, though she was under a strong antiasthmatic treatment. Given her declining health status and the significant chronic corticoid administration- related side-effects (including high reduction of muscle mass and bone density), a clinical trial with commercial intravenous AAT was proposed by the patient’s doctors, and accepted by the Spanish Ministry of Health, although it this therapy was not approved for MZ phenotypes yet. This new therapy quickly stopped lung function decline rate, dramatically reduced the number of hospital admissions of the patient, suppressed the oral administration of prednisone, reversed the corticosteroid-related health adverse effects, significantly improving her quality of life. Thus, although AAT replacement therapy is not approved nor indicated for the treatment of bronchial asthma in MZ patients, its favourable effects observed in this isolated case support the hypothesis that bronchial asthma could be due to pathogenic mechanisms related to a protease- antiprotease imbalance, what which could open new perspectives for future research on the field.
Don’t harm your patient - safety of bronchoscopy
Authors: Herth F.J.F.
Published: January 2016

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Incidence of complications in bronchoscopy. Multicentre prospective study of 20,986 bronchoscopies
Authors: Facciolongo N. , Patelli M. , Gasparini S. , Lazzari Agli L. , Salio M. , Simonassi C. , Del Prato B. , Zanoni P.
Published: January 2016

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of complications in bronchoscopy from data compiled between 1/2/2002 to 1/2/2003. Materials and methods. Nineteen Italian centres of thoracic endoscopy participated in the study, for a total of 20,986 bronchoscopies (FBS), including 10,658 explorative bronchoscopies (EB) (50.79%), 5,520 bronchial biopsies (BB) (26.30%), 1,660 transbronchial biopsies (TBB) (7.91%), 1,127 broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) (5.37%), 930 transbronchial needle-aspirates (TBNA) (4.43%), 1.091 therapeutic bronchoscopies (TB), comprising NDYAG Laser, argon-plasma, electrocautery knife, stent insertion (5.20%). 82.4% of the procedures involved the use of a flexible bronchoscope, 16.3% were carried out using a rigid bronchoscope and 1.3% using the mixed technique. Results. The total number of complications recorded was 227 (1.08% of the cases examined), including 20 (0.09%) during local anesthesia and pre-medication, 195 (0.92%) during the endoscopic procedures and 12 (0.05%) in the two hours following FBS. The total number of deaths was 4 (0.02%), due to cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, delayed respiratory failure and shock in pre-medication, respectively. 68.28% of the complications were treated medically, 25.99% by means of endoscopy and 5.72% with surgery. The healing percentage was 98.2%. Conclusions. This study has shown that bronchoscopy is a safe method with low incidence of mortality and complications. The preparation, experience and continuous training of the operators of the medical and nursing team seem to play a fundamental role in reducing the incidence of complications at least in certain procedures such as BB and TBB.
Stromelysin-1 polymorphism as a new potential risk factor in progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Santus P. , Casanova F. , Biondi M.L. , Blasi F. , Di Marco F. , Centanni S.
Published: January 2016

Background. Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is characterised by partially reversible usually progressive airflow limitation caused by inflammation and remodelling. Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) has regulatory activity on other matrix-metalloproteinases. Altered MMP-3 activity has been described in different diseases. We investigated the role of a promoter MMP-3 polymorphism in determining susceptibility and severity of COPD. Methods. We studied 147 patients with COPD in stable conditions and distinguished two groups based on FEV1 values. In 100 patients functional modifications across a two-year period were noted. 133 healthy subjects were used as controls. Genotyping for the –1171 5A/6A MMP-3 polymorphism was performed using nucleotide sequencing. Results. No difference was noted in the genotype distribution between COPD patients and controls. However, among patients with severe disease 6A/6A genotype and 6A allelic frequency were significantly more represented than among mild-moderate patients (p < 0.05). The 6A/6A genotype was also associated with a higher FEV1 decline over time. Conclusions. Our data suggests that –1171 6A allele does not represent a risk factor for the development of COPD while it is associated with more severe disease and different functional decline. We hypothesise that a disregulation of MMP-3, possibly caused by the –1171 5A/6A polymorphism or other linked variants, may lead to different progression in COPD.
3D printing: The cutting edge of digital medicine
Authors: Dai Kerong
Published: January 2016

Prof. Kerong Dai is a senior member of Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), a foreign corresponding member of French National Academy of Medicine, and an expert in orthopedic surgery and biomechanics. He graduated from Shanghai Medical University (i.e. Fudan University Shanghai Medical College) in 1955, and was a visiting fellow in Mayo Clinic in the United States from 1983-1984. He was the Tenured Professor and the former president of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University, and also the director of the Department of Orthopedics. He is currently the director of Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Joint Surgery, of the Bone and Joint Research Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, of the Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Ministry of Education, and of the Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Base of the Institute of Translational Medicine of SJTU. He pioneered to apply shape-memory alloy within human body internationally. He has made breakthrough in quantitative evaluation of gait and body balance, stress-shielding effect of internal fixation, osteoporotic fracture, basic study of artificial joint and customized artificial joints, stem cell transplantation and gene therapy for bone regeneration, and the application of 3D printing technology in musculoskeletal system. He has won more than 45 prizes, among which are the National Invention Prize of China (the second prize), the National Science and Technology Progress Award (the second and third prizes), and a number of municipal and ministerial awards. In addition, he has gained more than 40 patents. He has published over 500 papers, and compiled 59 monographs.
A haptic device for wrist and elbow rehabilitation
Authors: Jiang Jun , Xie Le , Li Guojie
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Interest in the devices for rehabilitation applications has been increasing. And the devices before have proved that they might assist in and quantify the rehabilitation for upper limb disability caused by stroke. This paper is to introduce rehabilitation application of a haptic device based on virtual reality technology, which is compact, portable, and modular. The focus here is a device with force feedback designed to provide five degrees of freedom, which are rotation, opposition, translation, pitch, and yaw. With five degrees of freedom above, the device can help individuals with arm weakness do their exercise and make patients achieve favorable rehabilitation efficacy during their upper limb rehabilitation.
Haptics: The science of touch in periodontics
Authors: Khanna Rashmi , Sharma Sapna , Rana Monika
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The simulation of clinical situations with the acquisition of fine motor skills is an essential component of the dental students' learning experience. The traditional approach to dental skills training has drawbacks in terms of cost, availability, lack of real-world cases, with the restraints of time, clinical supervision, and the funding of raw materials such as real and plastic teeth. The introduction of dental haptics opens the door to a more realistic clinical experience which can be free from the previous constraints. The performance of the students should be reviewed invaluably by pinpointing exactly where mistakes may have been made and directed learning should be allowed. Also, haptics offers the possibility of unlimited training hours by which students can gain skills without demands on manpower and resources. This paper provides a comprehensive review of literature on haptics for training of periodontal procedures.
Significance of digital imaging and communication in medicine in digital imaging
Authors: Gupta Manas , Singh Neha , Shrivastava Kriti , Mishra Pankaj
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) is a standard that specifies a nonproprietary data exchange protocol, which was developed by the American College of Radiology and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. It has now become the uncontested standard for the exchange and management of biomedical images. Here, we hope to highlight the significance of DICOM in digital imaging and to illustrate its indispensable role in digital imaging in the future.
Expression and Presence of OPG and RANKL mRNA and Protein in Human Periodontal Ligament with Orthodontic Force
Authors: Otero Liliana , García Dabeiba Adriana , Wilches-Buitrago Liseth
Published: January 2016

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the expression and concentration of ligand receptor activator of NFκB (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) with orthodontic forces of different magnitudes.

Methods

Right premolars in 32 patients were loaded with 4oz or 7oz of orthodontic force for 7 days. Left first premolars were not loaded. After 7 days, premolars were extracted for treatment as indicated. OPG and RANKL mRNA expressions were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and ELISA was used to assess OPG and RANKL protein concentration in compression and tension sides of PDL. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey tests.

Results

There was statistically significant difference in RANKL concentration on comparing control teeth with tension and compression sides of the experimental teeth ( P < 0.0001). The expression of mRNA RANKL was increased in the tension and compression sides with 4oz ( P < 0.0001). OPG did not show statistically significant association with any group. Changes in RANKL/OPG protein ratio in experimental and control groups showed statistically significant difference ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

RANKL protein levels are elevated in hPDL loaded with orthodontic forces, suggesting that RANKL protein contributes to bone modeling in response to the initial placement of orthodontic force.
O uso de informações patentárias para a valorização de resíduos industriais: o caso do lodo de tratamento de esgoto doméstico
Authors: Hirata Delmar , Kniess Cláudia Terezinha , Cortese Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi , Quoniam Luc
Published: January 2016

A disposição do lodo de esgoto é um problema em muitas comunidades brasileiras. O  tratamento e reciclagem podem ser considerados um exemplo de inovação sustentável, em prol da obtenção de novos materiais. O processo de produção de conhecimento constitui o tema central em estudos sobre gestão da inovação tecnológica, entretanto são incipientes os estudos que tratam da comercialização desses conhecimentos, sobre patenteamento e licenciamento das tecnologias produzidas sob a ótica administrativa. Diante deste cenário, este estudo teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento das tecnologias utilizadas para a reciclagem do lodo de tratamento de esgoto na obtenção de novos produtos por meio das informações disponíveis nos bancos de dados internacionais sobre patenteamento. Neste sentido, foi elaborado um estudo empírico, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado em um levantamento bibliográfico e na avaliação das informações sobre os pedidos e resultados de patentes existentes em bancos de dados internacionais. Considera-se que a avaliação destes resultados se configura como um instrumento competitivo e como uma variável estratégica para empresas interessadas nesta tecnologia.
Aprendizagem Organizacional em Microempresas: seu Processo na Tomada de Decisão de Equipes de Direção
Authors: Dos Santos Enise Aragão , Lima Edmilson , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar
Published: January 2016

Considerando-se a grande importância das microempresas (MEs) na economia do Brasil, o fato de que muitas são criadas e dirigidas por uma equipe de direção e que o processo de aprendizagem organizacional é central para se entender sua administração, este trabalho buscou explicar o papel do processo na tomada de decisão estratégica dessas equipes nas MEs. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem exploratória e qualitativa a partir de entrevistas com codirigentes (membros de uma equipe de direção) de microempresas paulistas. A análise de dados constatou que o processo não teve papel relevante na tomada de decisão nas MEs. Ele se restringiu à troca de informações técnicas relativas a atividades repetitivas e operacionais, altamente centralizadas. Portanto, para a melhoria da tomada de decisão, seria útil a diminuição da centralização e o aperfeiçoamento das condições para a aprendizagem organizacional.
Gestão Social e Governança Pública: aproximações e (de)limitações teórico-conceituais
Authors: Alcântara Valderí de Castro , Pereira José Roberto , Silva Érica Aline Ferreira
Published: January 2016

Abordam-se neste ensaio as aproximações e as delimitações teórico-conceituais entre gestão social e governança pública. Para tanto, busca-se na redução sociológica de Guerreiro Ramos a possibilidade de articulações teóricas sem deformar conceitos de matrizes epistemológicas distintas. Foram operacionalizadas as análises por meio de cinco categorias: racionalidade e lógica de ação; protagonismo e interesse; genealogia e epistemologia; dinâmica e desafios do campo científico e relações entre Estado, mercado e sociedade. Por um lado, os conceitos aproximam-se pela orientação das ações por meio do interesse público e dos princípios e práticas da transparência, autonomia, pluralismo, participação e bem comum. Contudo, se distanciam no que diz respeito ao protagonismo das ações e à sua orientação específica: na governança pública, a orientação é o interesse público estatal e o protagonismo é do Estado; na gestão social, a orientação é o interesse público não estatal e o protagonismo da sociedade.
Juventude e Gestão Social: um relato das práticas desenvolvidas pelo Projeto Gestão Social nas escolas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte (CE)
Authors: Alencar Waléria Maria Menezes Morais de , Martins Cícera Mônica da Silva Sousa , Silva Ariela Karani da
Published: January 2016

O Projeto Gestão Social nas Escolas é uma iniciativa do Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Gestão Social (LIEGS) da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), cujo objetivo é fomentar, nos espaços escolares, práticas que estimulem o senso de coletividade e a participação social. A finalidade deste estudo é demonstrar como é possível contemplar os aportes teóricos da Gestão Social nas práticas pedagógicas. Esse projeto entrou em vigência em 2011 e perdura até os dias de hoje, tendo, como público-alvo, jovens de duas escolas públicas de ensino médio da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte. O presente trabalho consiste no relato das práticas ali realizadas e dos resultados percebidos no processo. Foi possível observar que, apesar das resistências iniciais, os jovens participaram de forma ativa do processo e conseguiram desenvolver aspectos importantes em suas vidas, como a autonomia, a noção de pertencimento territorial e a cooperação.
Dialogismo e Reflexidade: uma análise da contribuição dos Centros e Programas de Estudos de Gestão Social no Brasil
Authors: Guerra Júnia , Teodósio Armindo dos Santos de Sousa
Published: January 2016

Este artigo teve como objetivo central analisar as possibilidades dialógicas e reflexivas para o ensino e a pesquisa de Gestão Social no Brasil a partir da atuação de Centros e Programas de Estudo deste campo no país. Para tanto, foram discutidas temáticas que envolvem o construto teórico da Gestão Social e as suas implicações para o exercício do ensino e pesquisa acadêmicos por meio da perspectiva interdisciplinar. De cunho qualitativo, esta pesquisa investigou seis Centros e Programas de Estudo sobre Gestão Social no Brasil. Adotou a entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade com seus fundadores e coordenadores, bem como a pesquisa documental como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Os resultados demonstraram que os Centros e Programas de Estudo investigados reconhecem a Gestão Social como gestão da coletividade social de um dado território, no qual são assumidas relações intersetoriais que, por sua vez, refletem em práticas dialógicas e reflexivas.
Gestão Social, Democracia, Representação e Transparência: evidências nos estados brasileiros
Authors: Zuccolotto Robson , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como a participação da sociedade pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da democracia por meio da melhoria dos mecanismos de transparência nos estados brasileiros. Para tanto, foi necessário identificar os estados bem classificados no índice de transparência da ONG Contas Abertas para, em seguida, por meio de entrevistas com gestores públicos, identificar a percepção desses gestores em relação à importância da participação da sociedade civil nos resultados de suas políticas de transparência. Os resultados indicam que, nos estados onde a participação social ocorre por meio de fóruns definidos institucionalmente, os indicadores de transparência são melhores. O que reforça as afirmações teóricas de que representação não exclui a participação, que se constitui em um grande mecanismo para a gestão pública por permitir canalizar demandas de diversas clivagens sociais e econômicas que deverão construir o consenso coletivamente.
Transplantation of Cultivated Fibroblasts on a Backing of Xenogenic Tissue in the Treatment of Wounds
Authors: Abugaliyev Kabylbek , Vyacheslav Ogay , Gaziza Danlybayeva , Karzhauov Miras , Zhansaya Akhmadeyeva , Zhaikenov Anuar
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Trophic ulcers are a common health problem, and there are numerous treatment methods. Irreversible damage in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fascia with long-term ulcer existence make standard autotransplantation inneffective. Skin grafts are often complicated by partial or complete rejection of skin flaps. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of using transplanted cultivated allogenic fibroblasts on the backing of a cellularless xenogenic fabric for wound healing.Methods. Transplantation of cultured embryonic fibroblasts on a backing of xenogenic tissue was used in the complex treatment of trophic ulcers for stimulation of regenerative processes. Decellularization xenogenic film was previously held. Then allogenic fibroblasts were cultivated on the surface of collagen-elastin matrix. Since 2013, we treated 12 patients with giant ulcers caused by the following: lymphedema (2 patients), vascular disease (3 patients), diabetes (2 patients), after injury (4 patients), and radiation ulcer (1 patient). Dimensions of ulcers were from 150 to 600 cm2. Duration of the lower limb ulcers ranged from 8 months to 10 years. For a number of years, all patients were on a complex therapy, which had not resulted in healing wounds. During the operation when excision of granulation tissue was performed, plastic wounds perforated with the ratio 1:2 autoskin. Xenogenic fabric with cultured fibroblasts was applied on top. In this case, xenogenic film protected the skin from drying, created optimal microclimate, and cultured fibroblasts stimulating regeneration and improving engraftment.Results. The first redress was held on the fifth day. In all cases, the results of engraftment skin grafts achieved maximum possible (100%) and optimal (90%). Complete epithelialization of the cell perforation was seen in five patients on the fifth day and three on seventh day after skin plastics. Average period of inpatient treatment was 20.7 days. All patients were discharged with healed wounds.Conclusion. Thus, the treatment of trophic ulcers can be successfully solved using advances in biotechnology. Transplantation of cultivated allogenic fibroblasts on a backing of cellularless xenogenic fabric shows good clinical results due to the stimulation of regenerative processes and creates the optimum environment for autotransplants.
Collagen Type I alpha1 (COL1A1) Gene Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Kazakh Women
Authors: Aitkulova Akbota , Akilzhanova Ainur , Abilova Zhannur , Zhumatova Zaida , Akilzhanova Gulbanu , Zholdybayeva Elena
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the collagen type I alpha 1 gene (COL1A1) rs1800012 has been widely studied and has shown an association with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. A minor allele TT of this SNP was found to be greatly overrepresented in individuals with fractures compared to controls, thus becoming a good predictor of  increased fracture risk. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate potential association between COL1A1 gene polymorphism and osteoporosis in Kazakh postmenopausal women.Methods: The study population included 103 postmenopausal women recruited from Pavlodar and Almaty clinics. BMD was measured using DEXA. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood of study participants with Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, USA). Detection of COL1A1 +1245G/T (Sp1) polymorphism was done by the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay of real-time PCR.Results: Densitometry results revealed 36 osteoporotic, 42 osteopenic, and 25 normal postmenopausal women. Data analysis of 1245G>T polymorphism in COL1A1 gene in the group of women with osteopenia and osteoporosis revealed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mutant TT genotype was prevalent compared to the heterozygous genotype GT in both groups. Distributions were 83% GG, 3% GT, and 14% TT in the group with osteopenia and 80% GG, 6% GT, and 14% TT in the group with osteoporosis. The distribution of genotypes frequency in the group of normal postmenopausal women was 76% GG, 16% GT, and 8% TT.Conclusion: These results suggest that TT genotype of COL1A1 +1245G/T (Sp1) polymorphism is associated with risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Kazakh women. Further studies involving a larger number of women are needed to clarify the relationship of this polymorphism with risk of osteoporosis.
Distribution of Beijing Genotype Among Clinical Isolates of M. tuberculosis Circulating in Kazakhstan
Authors: Akhmetova Ainur , Bismilda Venera , Chingissova Leila , Kozhamkulov Ulan
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Methods of genotyping of M. tuberculosis play an important role in tuberсulosis (TB) infection control. These techniques are used to detect or exclude laboratory errors, control recurrent cases, and determine ways of TB transmission. Today, there are more than 10 methods of genotyping; MIRU-VNTR is one of the most widely used methods in the world. In this study we aimed to estimate biological diversity of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different regions of Kazakhstan based on MIRU-VNTR analysis.Materials and methods. MIRU-VNTR was used to genotype 134 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis isolated from new cases and recurrent cases of TB from different regions of Kazakhstan.  Amplification was done using 15 MIRU-VNTR loci. Determination of the number of tandem repeats in the corresponding locus was performed via Quantity One v.4.4.0 (BioRad, USA) software. H37Rv (NC_000962) reference strain was used as a positive control.Results. Phylogenic tree was built using www.miru-vntr.org web-resource based on the results of MIRU-VNTR analysis. Beijing family strains associated with drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs were prevalent among all isolates of M. tuberculosis circulating in Kazakhstan. Strains of the Beijing genotype were prevalent in both new cases (65%) and recurrent cases (89.4%) of tuberculosis. The second meaningful genotype that is spread in the territory of Kazakhstan is LAM, the frequency of distribution is 7.3% in new and 4.5% in recurrent cases. Other families of M. tuberculosis such as Ural, Haarlem, CAS, NEW-1, S were found in less than 4% of cases.Conclusion. Prevalence of Beijing family strains among all isolates of M. tuberculosis from different regions of Kazakhstan was shown. Strains of this family are prevalent among young people. This genotype is responsible for ongoing TB transmission in the present time. This genotype is more virulent; therefore, investigation of the epidemiology of the Beijing genotype plays crucial role in the monitoring of tuberculosis.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Denosumab in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Patients with Prostate Cancer in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bektur Carina , Nurgozhin Talgat
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Bone mass loss (BML) is one of the adverse effects of oncological chemotherapy, especially in cases of hormonal types of cancer, such as a prostate cancer (PC). BML is strongly associated with skeletal-related events (SREs), therefore decreasing the quality of patient’s life. Denosumab shows an advantage over zoledronic acid (ZA) in delaying the first onset of SREs and subsequent SREs in adults with PC in several phase III clinical trials. Since generic ZA recently became available, the purpose of the present study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of denosumab vs. brand or generic ZA in the prevention of SREs in Kazakhstani patients with PC.Methods. A Markov model was constructed in Tree-Age Pro 2013 software program with 4-week model cycles to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the treatments from the perspective of Ministry of Health (MoH) over a 10-year PC cohort. Direct costs (in Kazakhstani monetary units “tenge” in 2014) included costs of drug, SRE (pathologic fracture, surgery to bone, radiation to bone, spinal cord compression), and adverse events treatment. All costs were discounted for 3% per year. Effectiveness was appraised based on the number of SREs. Health states were defined according to SRE occurrence, SRE history, and death. The model assumed that a maximum of 1 SRE could occur in each cycle. Transition probabilities were derived from the relevant phase III trials. Results were present in the incremental total cost per SRE avoided. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the model.Results. Over the 10-year period, denosumab incurred 103,091 tenge higher costs than brand ZA, 677,133 tenge higher costs than generic ZA, and 0.58 fewer SREs per patient with PC. The estimated incremental total direct costs per SRE avoided with the use of denosumab were 177,743 tenge (instead of brand ZA) and 1,167,470 tenge (instead of generic ZA). Results were robust to one-way sensitivity analyses.Conclusions.With the assumption that brand and generic ZAs are equally effective in the prevention of SREs in PC patients, denosumab seems to be a cost-effective alternative for brand ZA (insignificant difference in costs – less than 5%) and a costly alternative for generic ZA from the perspective of MoH of Kazakhstan.