bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of mathematical thinking ability to entrepreneurial work styles in the work environment in the industrial age 4.0
Authors: Hendriana H , Putra H D
Published: October 2019

The industrial era 4.0 emphasizes the pattern of digital economy, artificial intelligence, big data, robotic, and destructive innovation phenomena whose challenges are far more severe. The work style that is in accordance with these conditions is the work style of an entrepreneur who has the elements of being able to anticipate change, visionary, think strategically, flexibly, initiate change, be oriented towards the future. The thought process that is expected to form individuals to get used to the entrepreneur’s work style includes the process of mathematical thinking. Research examines the relationship between the mathematical thinking ability and entrepreneur’s work style. The research method uses descriptive correlational with a quantitative approach. The research subjects consisted of 55 employees at one of the private universities. The instrument is a mathematical thinking ability questionnaire and an entrepreneur work style questionnaire. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the mathematical thinking and the entrepreneur’s work style. The mathematical thinking ability significantly affects the entrepreneur’s work style. Relations that occur are categorized as strong and unidirectional. The better the individual’s mathematical thinking ability lead to the better the individual entrepreneur’s work style. The mathematical thinking ability in the research subject is dominant with a score of 4, meaning that employee involvement in organizational development can be relied upon. The entrepreneur’s work style in the research subject is also dominant with a score of 4, meaning that the work style of the employee supports in facing the challenges of the organization in the industrial era 4.0.
Developing Mathematics Learning Materials Based on CO-PROL to Improve Cadets’ Learning Outcomes
Authors: Astriawati N , Wibowo W , Pratama W
Published: October 2019

This research’s aims to produce applied mathematics learning materials for Nautical Science grade III based on CO-PROL (Cooperative On Problem Based Learning) models which is valid, practicable and effective.This study was a research and development (RnD) with Branch (ADDIE) model which is consisted of 5 (five) steps, those are: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4)Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. The quality of learning resouce is determined based on Nieveen criteria, including validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The subject of this research were 36 cadets of Nautical Science Yogyakarta Maritime Academy. The research instrument included validation and observation sheets for learning implementation, questionnaires for lecturers and cadets, and the instrument of effectiveness of learning resouces. The data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive technique.The result shows that the teaching materials are valid, practicable, and effective in terms of improving cadets’ learning outcomes
Improving mathematical lateral thinking ability of high school students through quantum learning based on creative problem solving
Authors: Julita  , Darhim  , Herman T
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyse the improvement of mathematical lateral thinking ability of high school students as an outcome of quantum learning based on creative problem solving, both viewed as a whole and each level of initial mathematical ability (high, medium, and low), and gender (male and female). This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was high school students in the city of Bogor, while the sample was taken from four classes in a school. The data obtained through tests of lateral thinking skills and mathematical initial ability data, as well as the results of observations and interviews. The results showed that students who received quantum learning based on creative problem solving had a higher mathematical lateral thinking ability than students who received direct learning, whether as a whole and each level of initial mathematical ability or as every gender.
Using mathematics education game based ICT: why children like to play game?
Authors: Rahayu C , Putri RII , Zulkardi  , Hartono Y
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study to create a product of learning media based ICT in the from of mathemmatics education games. Mathematics education games is a software to learn mathematic especially made for kindegarden to help learning process in 2013 curicullum. This research methode use design research with three cycles. In this cycle describe about six young childrens tested wiht small group in research for the second step after literature riview. The result of studyis got that by the issue of improvement in the process of presenting the game so it will improve the design and validity and it will be tested. Interestingly, the student didn’t relize that the process is math learning and the curoisity to solve the game is improve. The student never use this kind of ICT before. Next, by improve skill and knowledge that is got during the game as a strating point that will be continue to the other activity that center in the curiousity earlychildhood.
The design of IQF-oriented ARCS-based learning model
Authors: Syahputra E , Utami D R
Published: October 2019

This article is a summary of some second year research reports of the three years research plan financed by Directorate of Research and Community Service (DRCS). This research aims to develop a learning model based on Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS) theory oriented towards Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) that was applied to mathematical statistics course. The stages of development of this learning model were following Plomp’s learning model development process. Plomp’s model has three stages namely: (1) preliminary stage; (2) prototype stage; (3) assessment stage. After went through experts validation process, appeal validation, and several revisions, in this second year, the implementation of this research had stepped on the beginning of assessment stage, limited trial. At this stage, technical assessment was carried out using practicality and effectiveness tests. Main focus of this stage is on field trials to find out whether the prototype model and all learning tools that have been produced are practical and effective. The field trials were conducted at three universities in North Sumatera, namely Undergraduate and Graduate School of State University of Medan, Undergraduate and Graduate School of Muslim Nusantara Medan University and Graduate School of Asahan University. This paper is only reporting the field trial’s result done in Undergraduate School of Mathematics Education Program in State University of Medan. In State University of Medan, the trial was held twice. First was in class A followed by 21 students and second was in class B followed by 40 students. From the results of the first and second trials obtained that all of the learning tools consist of student textbook, lecturer hand book, student work sheets, and other supporting tools indicated high validity. Moreover, there is an enhancement of students’ ability to understand about mathematical statistics. Highest score in the first trial significantly increased from 80.5 to 94.5 in the second trial. While lowest score also significantly increased from 40,5 to 58,0 and average score increased from 63.5 to 74.4 in the second trial.
Creative thinking ability based on learning styles reviewed from mathematical communication skills
Authors: Marzuki  , Asih ECM , Wahyudin
Published: October 2019

This study aims to obtain the explanation of mathematical creative thinking skills based on visual and kinesthetic learning styles from mathematical communication skills. The subject of this study is a collection of scores on mathematical creative thinking abilities, learning styles and mathematical communication skills of 26 students of the Laboratory High School UPI, tenth-grade (14 students of visual learning styles and 12 students of kinesthetic learning styles). This study is a comparative causal study. Analysis of data using ANCOVA because in this study involved one dependent variable namely the ability of interval-scale creativity and two independent variables namely category-scale learning style and interval-scale mathematical communication skills as well as covariates. The results of the study show that;1) there is a linear relationship between mathematical communication skills and creative thinking abilities, which that the assumption of ANCOVA is fulfilled;2) there are differences in creative thinking skills between students who have a visual learning style with students kinesthetic learning styles without regard to mathematical communication skills, and based on the average creative thinking abilities of with kinesthetic learning styles higher than visual learning styles;3) there is a simultaneous influence between mathematical communication skills and learning styles towards creative thinking abilities.
Effectiveness of the application of learning models collaborative problem solving against the ability to solve mathematical problems in middle school students
Authors: Suhandri  , Juandi D , Kusumah YS
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the application of collaborative problem-solving learning to students’ problem-solving abilities. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design. The sample used in this study consisted of 75 students consisting of 37 students in the experimental class and 38 students in the control class in one of Pekanbaru Riau Middle School, Indonesia. The instrument in this study was the student’s initial ability test before being given treatment and tests after being given the Collaborative Problem Solving learning treatment. In this study found that learning Collaborative Problem Solving models are effective for improving the mathematical problem-solving abilities of junior high school students from students who receive conventional learning.
Metaphorical thinking approach assisted geogebra to improve connection mathematical ability of junior high school students
Authors: Rhamawati W F
Published: October 2019

This research is motivated by the low mathematical connection ability of students, with the aim of the study is to examine the improvement of junior high school students mathematical connection ability through learning using Geogebras software-assisted metaphorical thinking approach. The method in this study is an experimental method with a posttest-pretest control group research design. The research test instrument consisted of 5 test questions of mathematical connection ability. The population of this study was all junior high school students in Kabupaten Bandung Barat, while the sample was one of junior high school at Kabupaten Bandung Barat. The experimental class obtained learning with the Geogebra software-assisted metaphorical thinking approach, and the control class gained regular learning. The data obtained from the results of the normalized gain test, which were processed through normality tests, and Mann-Whitney test using IBM SPSS 23. The results of the study showed that the achievement of the two classes was still in the moderate category, although the increase in mathematical connection ability between students get learning using the GeoGebra software assisted metaphorical thinking approach is significantly better than students who get regular learning.
Students’ academic self-concept the constructivism learning model
Authors: Zulkarnaen R
Published: October 2019

Students’ beliefs and attitudes towards mathematics influences learning process. In other words students who have a positive disposition towards mathematics tend to study and learn mathematics seriously and confidently. Students have the abilities to assess and perceive, and assess themselves in solving mathematical problem, comparing their learning process with other students, communicating with teachers or other students, academic achievement. Self-perception related to academic aspects is called academic self-concept (ASC). This study aims at investigating aspects of students’ ASC in the constructivism learning model. This study is experimental in nature and was conducted in a public senior high school in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The sample of this research consists of 10th-grade students. The instrument used in this research covers ASC questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The results show that learning models encourage students to construct mathematics knowledge independently through activities in real-world observation, contextualization, and collaborative influencing the self-assessment in grade and effort dimension, peer-evaluation of academic ability, self-evaluation with the external standard.
Exploration of ethnomathematics on the kampung naga indigenous peoples
Authors: Hermanto R , Wahyudin  , Nurlaelah E
Published: October 2019

Ethnomathematics is a study that observes how certain groups of people understand, articulate, and use mathematical concepts or ideas in their lives. The indigenous people of Kampung Naga have a diversity of cultures, traditions, and value systems that are still well cared and maintained until today. This cultural activity is patterned, structured, and has a form in everyday life and has become a belief that is embedded in the form of local wisdom. This study aims to explore the concept of ethnomathematics that emerged and was pragmatically involved in the daily life activities of the Kampung Naga indigenous people based on a review of aspects of mathematics. This research is a qualitative study using ethnographic models.
Mathematical resilience analysis of senior high school students
Authors: Zanthy L S , Kusuma Y S , Soemarmo U
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the mathematical resilience of high school students. The instrument used The Norm Reference Value (NRV), which consisted of 42 items. This Resilience Test consist of 6 indicators, that is: 1) Diligent, confident, working hard and not easily giving up on problems, failures and uncertainties; 2) Desire to socialize, easily provide assistance, discuss with peers, and adapt to their environment; 3) Bring up new ideas/ways and find creative solutions to challenges; 4) Using experience of failure to build self motivation and self control; 5) Showing curiosity, reflecting, researching, utilizing various sources; 6) Having language skills, controlling themselves and being aware of their feelings. The resilience analysis based on a comparison of the average value of each indicator with a reference value that has been determined in NRV. The results showed that all indicators were in medium category.
Statistical reasoning levels of students in prediction tasks
Authors: Sari Rufiana Intan , Sa’dijah Cholis , Subanji  , Susanto Hery
Published: October 2019

Statistical reasoning is a major requirement in the era of big data. Therefore, there is a need to research this statistical reasoning. One important study in statistical reasoning is the levels of statistical reasoning. The levels of statistical reasoning are based on the construction of a conceptual framework. This research aimed to describe seven levels of students’ statistical reasoning in predicting data. The subjects of this research were 40 students of the second semester taken from two different classes. This was conducted to fulfill all levels of reasoning. At first, the subjects were given a test, and then seven students were selected to be interviewed related to the levels of statistical reasoning, respectively. Data triangulation was done to maintain the validity and reliability of the data generated. There are seven levels of statistical reasoning in predicting data, namely, the levels of pre-idiosyncratic, idiosyncratic, verbal, transitional 1, procedural, transitional 2, and integrated processes.
Mathematical Problem Posing Ability in Terms of Student Learning Styles
Authors: Puspitasari N , Suryadi D , Sumarmo U , Margana A
Published: October 2019

Asking question is an expression of the thought process. Question arises when someone gets new knowledge that is not in accordance with previous knowledge, through the thought process arises the question to get complete information so that the new knowledge he has becomes more meaningful. This study aims to evamine and analyze the ability of students in problem posing based on their learning style. The method carried out in this study was a quasi-experiment on 80 high-school students. The results showed that there is significant difference for the achievement of mathematical problem posing abilities based on visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles, contrary there is no significant difference in the improvement mathematical problem posing skills based on visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles
Cognitive Stage Relation with Creative Thinking Ability and Mathematical Learning Interests
Authors: Rohaeti E E , Ramadan B G , Fitriani N
Published: October 2019

This study aims to analyze the links between students’ cognitive stages and creative thinking skills and mathematical learning interests. This study involved 36 11th grade students, test of logical thinking (TOLT), a description of the creative thinking ability (CTA), learning interest scale (LI). Based on TOLT, the study found the cognitive stage distribution of students as follows: 30% of students were in the formal stage, 25% were transitional stages, and 45% were concrete stages. In addition, the researchers found, overall in CTA and LI students achieve quality at a fairly good level. Judging from the cognitive stage of students, the quality of CTA and LI students in the formal and transition stages is classified as a fairly good level, and concrete students achieve the quality of CTA and LI at moderate levels. In addition to completing the CTA tasks, concrete students experience more difficulties while the students in the transition stage and the formal stage experience a little difficulty. Another finding is that there is no association between CTA and LI. Overall, the findings relate to the cognitive stage, the quality of the CTA and LI students based on their cognitive stages according to the child’s Cognitive Development Theory.
The hard c-means algorithm for clustering Indonesian plantation commodity based on metabolites composition
Authors: Rustam  , Gunawan A Y , Kresnowati M T A P
Published: October 2019

Indonesia is the second largest biodiversity country in the world. Indonesia has a variety of top agricultural and plantation commodities, whereas each commodity has premium products which are normally related to its specific character/flavour and are generally associated with the producing origins. Specific character/flavour is represented by composition of metabolites each origin. To find out the specific character/flavour in various Indonesian plantation commodities, clustering is needed. In this paper, we perform clustering on an Indonesian plantation commodity based on their metabolites composition. Metabolite compositions of samples of some origins of the commodity are clustered using the Hard C-Means algorithm with the Xie-Beni index as the cluster validity. Our present results confirm that each origin has a unique characteristic and belongs to a separate cluster.
The development of teaching materials for secondary teachers based on 21stcentury skills
Authors: Sihabudin  , Anriani N , Fathurrohman M , Pamungkas A S , Irawan B
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to produce Teaching Materials for secondary teachers based on 21st century skills aspecially for circle topic and to know the quality of teaching materials based on validity and practicability. This research is a development research that includes seven main steps, namely: needs analysis, the ability of researchers as developers, product design, product concepts, development, expert testing, and field trials. The feasibility of developing a teaching materials was obtained based on data from the questionnaire which was then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The conclusion of this research is the teaching material for secondary teacher aspesially for circle topic based on 21st century skill fulfilling the minimum criteria and expressed very well from the validity aspects and in terms of practical aspects stated practical. Thus, the teaching materials for mathematics teachers based on 21st century skill can be used as a teacher’s guide on the learning process.
Jumping task using the context of kain jumputan on the fractional operation
Authors: Saskiyah SA , Putri RII
Published: October 2019

Jumping task is the central part of teaching that uses Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The revised 2013 Curriculum in Indonesia emphasizes learning using HOTS, and the daily life context. This research aimed to find out the characteristic of jumping tasks which valid, practical, and also useful for supporting secondary school students learning fractional operations using PMRI with the context of kain jumputan. The subject of this research was seventh-grade students of secondary school in Palembang. The research uses the method of design research with development studies type which had two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. This research only presented the result on self-evaluation, expert reviews and one-to-one, and small group phase. Data collection techniques using walkthrough, documentation, observation, and interviews. PMRI is used as material content and context for this research. Moreover, the Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) is used in designing and implementing the learning process. The result of this research was produced mathematics problems about addition and subtraction fractional operations through the context of kain jumputan. This research is valid and practical jumping tasks on fractional operations using PMRI with the context of kain jumputan. Validity could be seen from the assessment of a validator (expert) regarding content, construct, and language used in the one-to-one phase. Practicality could be seen where the students could understand the language and the content of the questions that are in the jumping task. Thus, the context of kain jumputan can help students in representing problems by involving in mathematical expressions.
Characterisation of hanging and detaching droplets using optical measurement setups
Authors: Hummel S , Haub M , Bogner M , Sandmaier H
Published: October 2019

This paper presents two measurement setups to analyse hanging and falling droplets from different nozzles. The focus of these setups is on reducing costs and complexity of such systems compared to systems mentioned in literature which consists of an expensive high speed camera with according lens. Therefore the first setup uses an industrial camera and a corresponding lens having a resolution of up to 800 x 600 pixels and enabling the capturing of movies with more than 1000 frames per second (by using a reduced resolution). Additionally a weighing scale is implemented. The second setup represents a real low-cost approach, which nevertheless offers about 120 frames per second and a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels by using two RaspberryPi microcontrollers and the according camera modules. The cameras are placed in an angle of 90°. The presented setups are compared to each other and the advantages and disadvantages of each system are figured out. Subsequently the results of an exemplary measurement of the droplet volume are presented showing the quality of both setups with a maximum deviation of the optical results of less than ± 6 % compared to the results of the weighing scale.
Enhancement of real-time resonance tracking in electrothermally actuated cantilever sensor with optimized phase characteristic
Authors: Setiono A , Xu J , Fahrbach M , Bertke M , Ombati Nyang’au W , Wasisto H S , Peiner E
Published: October 2019

Non-ideal phase responses on electro-thermally actuated piezoresistive cantilever sensors have led the phase-locked loop (PLL) systems into difficulties for real-time sensing applications. These outcomes are caused by thermal-parasitic coupling from the actuating part to the sensing part. Minimizing or eliminating parasitic effects is necessary to obtain an optimized phase response. To realize this, we adjusted the voltage supply of the sensing part, which is in form of a full Wheatstone bridge (WB). By increasing the WB supply voltage (V
WB), the phase response can be enhanced. Alternatively, a reference signal that differentially eliminates the parasitic parameter from the sensor output was employed. To investigate the resulting optimized phase response under real-time measurement conditions, two different microcantilevers were connected to an MFLI lock-in amplifier + PLL system (Zurich Instruments). Measurement results exhibited a good sensor performance under varying humidity and temperature conditions.
Indentation modulus and hardness investigation of crystalline silicon surfaces treated by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching
Authors: Puranto Prabowo , Hamdana Gerry , Pohlenz Frank , Langfahl-Klabes Jannick , Daul Lars , Li Zhi , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Peiner Erwin , Brand Uwe
Published: October 2019

In this paper we present an investigation of the influence of different roughness of etched silicon surfaces on the measured nanomechanical properties. For the etching, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching (RIE) was performed on the surface of silicon samples with different crystal orientations (i.e., Si <100>, Si <110>, and Si <111>). Different roughness levels were obtained on each sample by changing the bias voltage through the high-frequency (HF) power. The surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained surface roughness for the same etching conditions was different for different crystal orientations. The nanomechanical properties were measured using nanoindentation.
Design and fabrication of AlN-on-Si chirped surface acoustic wave resonators for label-free cell detection
Authors: Syamsu I , Granz T , Scholz G , Mariana S , Yulianto N , Daul L , Koenders L , Triyana K , Daniel Prades J , Peiner E , Waag A , Wasisto H S
Published: October 2019

Chirped surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators based on aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have been designed and fabricated to comprehend the wave propagation characteristics induced by interdigitated transducers (IDTs) deposited on their surfaces. From the simulation results, design and geometry of the metal fingers including their width and pitch play critical roles on the wavelength of the acoustic wave and the mechanical displacement, which subsequently set the device resonant frequency. A single-step metal lift-off process involving photolithography and electron beam metal evaporation has been used to pattern and deposit Cr/Au IDT on AlN-on-Si wafers.
X-ray imaging of bio/medical samples using laser-plasma-based X-ray sources and LiF detector
Authors: Flora F. , Almaviva S. , Baldacchini G. , Batani D. , Bollanti S. , Bonfigli F. , Lazzaro P. Di , Francucci M. , Gaudio P. , Lai A. , Letardi T. , Mezi L. , Montereali R.M. , Murra D. , Nichelatti E. , Poma A. , Scafati A. , Palladino L. , Pikuz T. , Reale A. , Reale L. , Richetta M. , Ritucci A. , Rydzy A. , Vincenti M.A. , Zuppella P.
Published: October 2019

This contribution to ECPD2019 is dedicated to the memory of Anatoly Faenov. During a period of approximately thirteen years 1994–2006, Anatoly and his wife Tatiana Pikuz (simply “Tania” for friends), accepting the frequent invitations of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), cooperated with many Italian research laboratories dedicated to EUV and soft X-ray generation, spread in different towns (L'Aquila, Frascati, Milano, Padova, Pisa, Roma, etc.). In spite of the fact that they could stay in Italy only about one or two months per year, their activity was so intense that more than 50 peer- reviewed publications were generated from their experimental and theoretical work (just considering only the results obtained at L'Aquila and Tor Vergata—Rome Universities and at the ENEA Research Center of Frascati), without mentioning the cultural atmosphere that they stimulated in the field of Science and Humanity. The numerous experimental spectra obtained at ENEA by means of their spherically bent mica spectrometers, together with the corresponding theoretical simulations performed in Moscow, allowed to study the changing role of different excitations mechanisms for various plasma conditions, and to characterize at best the ENEA laser-plasma source for different applications: polychromatic and monochromatic micro-radiography of dried biological samples at 1 keV, soft X-ray contact microscopy (SXCM) of living cells in the water-window spectral region, spectroscopy of hollow atoms, etc. In this memorial paper, the main results of biological samples imaging on lithium fluoride (LiF) detectors, obtained with the ENEA and Tor Vergata University laser-plasma sources, are presented. In particular, the improvement of the micro-radiography and of the SXCM techniques obtained after moving from photoresist detectors and photographic films to lithium fluoride (LiF) detectors are discussed, for both dried and wet biological samples.
NITUMID: Nonnegative matrix factorization-based Immune-TUmor MIcroenvironment Deconvolution
Authors: Tang Daiwei , Park Seyoung , Zhao Hongyu
Published: October 2019

Motivation

A number of computational methods have been proposed recently to profile tumor microenvironment (TME) from bulk RNA data, and they have proved useful for understanding microenvironment differences among therapeutic response groups. However, these methods are not able to account for tumor proportion nor variable mRNA levels across cell types.

Results

In this article, we propose a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization-based Immune-TUmor MIcroenvironment Deconvolution (NITUMID) framework for TME profiling that addresses these limitations. It is designed to provide robust estimates of tumor and immune cells proportions simultaneously, while accommodating mRNA level differences across cell types. Through comprehensive simulations and real data analyses, we demonstrate that NITUMID not only can accurately estimate tumor fractions and cell types’ mRNA levels, which are currently unavailable in other methods; it also outperforms most existing deconvolution methods in regular cell type profiling accuracy. Moreover, we show that NITUMID can more effectively detect clinical and prognostic signals from gene expression profiles in tumor than other methods.

Availability and implementation

The algorithm is implemented in R. The source code can be downloaded at https://github.com/tdw1221/NITUMID.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ErrorTracer: an algorithm for identifying the origins of inconsistencies in genome-scale metabolic models
Authors: Martyushenko Nikolay , Almaas Eivind
Published: October 2019

Motivation

The number and complexity of genome-scale metabolic models is steadily increasing, empowered by automated model-generation algorithms. The quality control of the models, however, has always remained a significant challenge, the most fundamental being reactions incapable of carrying flux. Numerous automated gap-filling algorithms try to address this problem, but can rarely resolve all of a model’s inconsistencies. The need for fast inconsistency checking algorithms has also been emphasized with the recent community push for automated model-validation before model publication. Previously, we wrote a graphical software to allow the modeller to solve the remaining errors manually. Nevertheless, model size and complexity remained a hindrance to efficiently tracking origins of inconsistency.

Results

We developed the ErrorTracer algorithm in order to address the shortcomings of existing approaches: ErrorTracer searches for inconsistencies, classifies them and identifies their origins. The algorithm is ∼2 orders of magnitude faster than current community standard methods, using only seconds even for large-scale models. This allows for interactive exploration in direct combination with model visualization, markedly simplifying the whole error-identification and correction work flow.

Availability and implementation

Windows and Linux executables and source code are available under the EPL 2.0 Licence at https://github.com/TheAngryFox/ModelExplorer and https://www.ntnu.edu/almaaslab/downloads.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characteristics of Pre-Proceedings and Care Proceedings Cases in an English Local Authority, 2013–2017: An Exploratory Data Analysis
Authors: Dyke Chris
Published: October 2019

Since reforms in 2014, care proceedings—where a local authority seeks to intervene legally to protect a child—have become shorter, with greater emphasis on ‘front-loading’ preventative and analytical work before, rather than during, proceedings. National findings on case outcomes are emerging, but in-depth local analyses are still rare. This exploratory data analysis of 937 children in 522 families in one London local authority sought to identify trends in the length, outcome and nature of pre-proceedings and proceedings cases, including outcomes six, twelve and twenty-four months after the end of these processes. Consistent with national-level findings on care proceedings, from 2013 to 2017 both the pre-proceedings and care proceedings processes became shorter, and more likely to end with the child at home. The data do not suggest that this increased ‘decisiveness’ leads to rushed decisions. Only 1.4 per cent of the children stepped-down from pre-proceedings, and 6.6 per cent of the children who remained at home after care proceedings came into care within two years of that decision. This research offers a model for similar analyses by practitioner researchers within their own local authorities.
Far upstream element-binding protein 1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Fu Pei-Yao , Hu Bo , Ma Xiao-Lu , Tang Wei-Guo , Yang Zhang-Fu , Sun Hai-Xiang , Yu Min-Cheng , Huang Ao , Hu Jin-Wu , Zhou Chen-Hao , Fan Jia , Xu Yang , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2019

Previous research suggests that far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1) plays an important role in various tumors including epatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of FUBP1 in liver cancer remains controversial, and the regulatory pathway by FUBP1 awaits to be determined. This study aims to identify the role of FUBP1 in HCC progression. Our result shows that the high level of FUBP1 expression in HCC predicts poor prognosis after surgery. Overexpression of FUBP1 promotes HCC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway and enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitor of Thrombospondin-1 (LSKL) could inhibit HCC proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo by blocking the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway mediated by thrombospondin-1 (THBS1). Our study identified the critical role of FUBP1-THBS1-TGF-β signaling axis in HCC and provides potentially new therapeutic modalities in HCC.
Development of Network Topology and Functional Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Lopez Katherine C , Kandala Sridhar , Marek Scott , Barch Deanna M
Published: October 2019

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) comprises distinct regions and networks that vary in their trajectories across development. Further understanding these diverging trajectories may elucidate the neural mechanisms by which distinct PFC regions contribute to cognitive maturity. In particular, it remains unclear whether PFC regions of distinct network affiliations differ in topology and their relationship to cognition. We examined 615 individuals (8–21 years) to characterize age-related effects in participation coefficient of 28 PFC regions of distinct networks, evaluating connectivity profiles of each region to understand patterns influencing topological maturity. Findings revealed that PFC regions of attention, frontoparietal, and default mode networks (DMN) displayed varying rates of decline in participation coefficient with age, characterized by stronger connectivity with each PFC’s respective network; suggesting that PFC regions largely aid network segregation. Conversely, PFC regions of the cinguloopercular/salience network increased in participation coefficient with age, marked by stronger between-network connections, suggesting that some PFC regions feature a distinctive ability to facilitate network integration. PFC topology of the DMN, in particular, predicted improvements in global cognition, including motor speed and higher order abilities. Together, these findings elucidate systematic differences in topology across PFC regions of different network affiliation, representing important neural signatures of typical brain development.
Childhood Obesity, Cortical Structure, and Executive Function in Healthy Children
Authors: Ronan Lisa , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Fletcher Paul C
Published: October 2019

The development of executive function is linked to maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in childhood. Childhood obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, particularly in PFC, as well as deficits in executive functions. We aimed to determine whether differences in cortical structure mediate the relationship between executive function and childhood obesity. We analyzed MR-derived measures of cortical thickness for 2700 children between the ages of 9 and 11 years, recruited as part of the NIH Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We related our findings to measures of executive function and body mass index (BMI). In our analysis, increased BMI was associated with significantly reduced mean cortical thickness, as well as specific bilateral reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal cortical regions. This relationship remained after accounting for age, sex, race, parental education, household income, birth-weight, and in-scanner motion. Increased BMI was also associated with lower executive function. Reduced thickness in the rostral medial and superior frontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex partially accounted for reductions in executive function. These results suggest that childhood obesity is associated with compromised executive function. This relationship may be partly explained by BMI-associated reduced cortical thickness in the PFC.
Dissociable Mechanisms of Verbal Working Memory Revealed through Multivariate Lesion Mapping
Authors: Ghaleh Maryam , Lacey Elizabeth H , Fama Mackenzie E , Anbari Zainab , DeMarco Andrew T , Turkeltaub Peter E
Published: October 2019

Two maintenance mechanisms with separate neural systems have been suggested for verbal working memory: articulatory-rehearsal and non-articulatory maintenance. Although lesion data would be key to understanding the essential neural substrates of these systems, there is little evidence from lesion studies that the two proposed mechanisms crucially rely on different neuroanatomical substrates. We examined 39 healthy adults and 71 individuals with chronic left-hemisphere stroke to determine if verbal working memory tasks with varying demands would rely on dissociable brain structures. Multivariate lesion–symptom mapping was used to identify the brain regions involved in each task, controlling for spatial working memory scores. Maintenance of verbal information relied on distinct brain regions depending on task demands: sensorimotor cortex under higher demands and superior temporal gyrus (STG) under lower demands. Inferior parietal cortex and posterior STG were involved under both low and high demands. These results suggest that maintenance of auditory information preferentially relies on auditory-phonological storage in the STG via a nonarticulatory maintenance when demands are low. Under higher demands, sensorimotor regions are crucial for the articulatory rehearsal process, which reduces the reliance on STG for maintenance. Lesions to either of these regions impair maintenance of verbal information preferentially under the appropriate task conditions.
A Phase IIa Study Evaluating Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Activity of GSK2838232, a Novel, Second-generation Maturation Inhibitor, in Participants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Authors: DeJesus Edwin , Harward Sara , Jewell Roxanne C , Johnson Mark , Dumont Etienne , Wilches Viviana , Halliday Fiona , Talarico Christine L , Jeffrey Jerry , Gan Jianjun , Xu Jianfeng , Felizarta Franco , Scribner Anita , Ramgopal Moti , Benson Paul , Johns Brian A
Published: October 2019

Background

GSK2838232 is a second-generation, potent, small-molecule, oral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maturation inhibitor for once-daily administration boosted with a pharmacoenhancer.

Methods

The phase 2a, proof-of-concept study was an open-label, adaptive dose-ranging design. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of GSK2838232 boosted by cobicistat were evaluated in individuals with HIV-1 infection. The study participants (N = 33) received GSK2838232 once daily across a range of doses (20–200 mg) with cobicistat 150 mg for 10 days.

Results

GSK2838232 was safe and well tolerated with no clinically meaningful changes in safety parameters or adverse events. Exposure (maximum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the concentration at 24 hours postdose) increased 2- to 3-fold with repeated dosing in an approximately dose-proportional manner, reaching steady-state by day 8 with a half-life (t½) from 16.3 to 19.2 hours. Clearance and t½ values were not dependent on dose. Viral load declined from baseline with all GSK2838232 doses. Mean maximum declines from baseline to day 11 in HIV-1 RNA log10 copies/mL with the 20-mg, 50-mg, 100-mg, and 200-mg cohorts were −0.67, −1.56, −1.32, and −1.70, respectively. CD4+ cell counts increased at doses ≥50 mg.

Conclusions

GSK2838232 with cobicistat was well tolerated and exhibited efficacy as a short-term monotherapy in participants with HIV-1. This positive proof-of-concept study supports the continued development of GSK2838232 for the treatment of HIV as part of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT03045861.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Implementing OVIVA Criteria on Patients With Bone and Joint Infections in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Marks Michael , Bell Lucy C K , Jones Imogen , Rampling Tommy , Kranzer Katharina , Morris-Jones Stephen , Logan Sarah , Pollara Gabriele
Published: October 2019

The OVIVA study demonstrated noninferiority for managing bone and joint infections (BJIs) with oral antibiotics. We report that 79.7% of OPAT patients being treated for BJIs at our center would be eligible for oral antibiotics, saving a median (IQR) 19.5 IV-antibiotic days (8.5–37) and GBP 1234 (569–2594) per patient.
Ultrasound Image Despeckling and Enhancement using Modified Multiscale Anisotropic Diffusion Model in Non-Subsampled Shearlet Domain
Authors: Bedi Anterpreet Kaur , Sunkaria Ramesh Kumar , Mittal Deepti
Published: October 2019

Ultrasound imaging is undoubtedly the most used imaging modality for diagnostic purposes. Unfortunately, it is accompanied by speckle which can degrade texture information by obscuring fine details like boundaries and edges. This work presents a method for despeckling ultrasound images by treating them with multiscale modified speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion model and Non-Subsampled shearlet transform (NSST). The method involves division of images using a non-subsampled Laplacian pyramid. This results in low and high frequency image components. Modified anisotropic diffusion is used on the low frequency part. The high frequency component, as subjected to shearlet function, generates noisy coefficients in various directions. These coefficients are further subjected to NSST thresholding. The denoised low and high frequency image components are then recombined to obtain the enhanced image. This multidimensional and multidirectional method improves the qualitative characteristics of ultrasound images by not just removing speckle noise but also by preserving edges, thus resulting in effective image enhancement. Performance of the method is analysed on synthetic and real medical ultrasound images. Results reveal that the proposed method exceeds the state-of-the-art methods in the context of edge preservation and structural similarities, and thus, it is an effective aid to radiologists in their clinical diagnosis by providing an enhanced denoised image.
Monarch-EWA: Monarch-Earthworm-Based Secure Routing Protocol in IoT
Authors: Sugave Shounak , Jagdale Balaso
Published: October 2019

Routing in the Internet of Things (IoT) renders the protection against various network attacks as any attacker intrudes the routing mechanism for establishing the destructive mechanisms against the network, which insists the essentiality of the security protocols in IoT. Thus, the paper proposes a secure protocol based on an optimization algorithm, Monarch-Earthworm Algorithm (Monarch-EWA), which is the modification of the Monarch Butterfly algorithm using the Earthworm Optimization Algorithm (EWA) in order to render effective security to the network. Initially, the effective nodes are selected using the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (deep CNN) classifier based on the factors, trust and energy of the node, and stochastic gradient descent algorithm trains the deep CNN classifier. The secure nodes are involved in routing for which the secure multipath is chosen optimally using the proposed Monarch-EWA, which chooses the secure multipath based on the factors, energy and trust. The analysis of the proposed method in the presence of attacks, such as black hole, message replicate and distributed denial of service, reveals that the proposed method outperformed the existing methods. The proposed Monarch-EWA protocol acquired the maximal energy, throughput and detection rate of 0.2268 J, 48.2759% and 82.6231%, respectively, with the minimal delay of 0.0959 ms.
Classes of preferential attachment and triangle preferential attachment models with power-law spectra
Authors: Eikmeier Nicole , Gleich David F
Published: October 2019

Preferential attachment (PA) models are a common class of graph models which have been used to explain why power-law distributions appear in the degree sequences of real network data. Among other properties of real-world networks, they commonly have non-trivial clustering coefficients due to an abundance of triangles as well as power laws in the eigenvalue spectra. Although there are triangle PA models and eigenvalue power laws in specific PA constructions, there are no results that existing constructions have both. In this article, we present a specific Triangle Generalized Preferential Attachment Model that, by construction, has non-trivial clustering. We further prove that this model has a power law in both the degree distribution and eigenvalue spectra.