bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Politics of Infrastructure‐Led Development: Notes from an Asian Postcolony
Authors: Akhter Majed , Akhtar Aasim Sajjad , Karrar Hasan H.
Published: April 2022

This essay introduces the Symposium on the spatial politics of infrastructure‐led development in Pakistan. It situates the Symposium (and the research site of Pakistan) with respect to the geographical literature on infrastructural politics more broadly, and the Belt and Road Initiative specifically. The essay also previews the seven contributing articles of the Symposium through a discussion of three cross‐cutting themes: securing the periphery, technologies of urban governance, and contested environments. The essay concludes by calling for the interrogation of infrastructural politics in specific regions as sites within a larger global conjunctural analytical framework.
Using robots at work during the COVID‐19 crisis evokes passion decay: Evidence from field and experimental studies
Authors: Tang Pok Man , Koopman Joel , Elfenbein Hillary Anger , Zhang Jack H. , De Cremer David , Li Chi Hon , Chan Elsa T.
Published: April 2022

The growing trend of introducing robots into employees' work lives has become increasingly salient during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. In light of this pandemic, it is likely that organisational decision‐makers are seeing value in coupling employees with robots for both efficiency‐ and health‐related reasons. An unintended consequence of this coupling, however, may be an increased level of work routinisation and standardisation. We draw primarily from the model of passion decay from the relationship and clinical psychology literature to develop theory and test a model arguing that passion decays as employees increasingly interact with robots for their work activities. We demonstrate that this passion decay leads to an increase of withdrawal behaviour from both the domains of work and family. Drawing further from the model of passion decay, we reveal that employees higher in openness to experience are less likely to suffer from passion decay upon more frequent interactions with robots in the course of work. Across a multi‐source, multi‐wave field study conducted in Hong Kong (Study 1) and a simulation‐based experiment conducted in the United States (Study 2), our hypotheses received support. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Letter: sPD‐1 as a predictor for HBsAg seroconversion—shed light on inactive carriers with chronic hepatsitis B
Authors: Vyas Ashish K. , Jindal Ankur
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16752 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16863
Letter: serum growth differentiation factor 15 predicts hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence after hepatitis C virus elimination
Authors: Chen Lin , Tao Xuemei , Zhao Youfei , Zeng Minghui , Mi Yuqiang , Xu Liang
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Myojin.et al's paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16691 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16862.
Letter: inflammatory bowel disease services during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mungmunpuntipantip Rujittika , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Deputy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16800 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16884
Editorial: is it not just PROs, but the most important individual PRO, that really matters in Crohn’s disease?
Authors: Cameron Karla , Sparrow Miles P.
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16805 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16866
Letter: skipping breakfast is associated with an increased long‐term cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) but not MAFLD‐free individuals
Authors: Wu Yao‐Cheng , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Yeh Chih‐Jung
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Xie et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16727 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16876
Letter: sPD‐1 as a predictor for HBsAg seroclearance—shed light on inactive carriers with chronic hepatitis B. Authors' reply
Authors: Jeng Wen‐Juei , Pan Mei‐Hung , Yang Hwai‐I
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Hu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16752 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16833
Editorial: is it not just PROs, but the most important individual PRO, that really matters in Crohn’s disease? Authors’ reply
Authors: Wong Emily C. L. , Dulai Parambir S. , Marshall John K. , Jairath Vipul , Reinisch Walter , Narula Neeraj
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16805 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16843
Letter: skipping breakfast is associated with an increased long‐term cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) but not in MAFLD‐free individuals. Authors' reply
Authors: Xie Jiarong , Xu Lei , Xu Chengfu
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Xie et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16727 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16849
Editorial: reply to delayed gastric emptying as an independent predictor of mortality in gastroparesis—it is clinically relevant after all! Authors' reply
Authors: Gourcerol Guillaume , Tavolacci Marie Pierre
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gourcerol et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16827 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16857
Editorial: does TAF have a better or worse safety profile than TDF, to treat hepatitis B? Authors' reply
Authors: Lim Young‐Suk , Lampertico Pietro
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16788 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16854
Editorial: is there a role for monitoring intermediate anti‐TNF drug concentrations in IBD? Authors’ reply
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Paul Stephane
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Roblin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16852 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16889
Glutamate blunts cell‐killing effects of neutrophils in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Xiong Tiantian , He Ping , Zhou Mi , Zhong Dan , Yang Teng , He Wenhui , Xu Zhizhen , Chen Zongtao , Liu Yang‐Wuyue , Dai Shuang‐Shuang
Published: April 2022

Neutrophils are the first defenders of the innate system for injury and infection. They have gradually been recognized as important participants in tumor initiation and development due to their heterogeneity and plasticity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), neutrophils can exert antitumor and protumor functions, depending on the surroundings. Tumor cells systemically alter intracellular amino acid (AA) metabolism and extracellular AA distribution to meet their proliferation need, leading to metabolic reprogramming and TME reshaping. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine how altered AAs affect neutrophils in TME are less‐explored. Here, we identified that abundant glutamate releasing from tumor cells blunted neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects toward tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometric detection, flow cytometry, and western blot experiments proved that increased levels of pSTAT3/RAB10/ARF4, mediated by glutamate, were accompanied with immunosuppressive phenotypes of neutrophils in TME. We also discovered that riluzole, an FDA‐approved glutamate release inhibitor, significantly inhibited tumor growth by restoring neutrophils’ cell‐killing effects and decreasing glutamate secretion from tumor cells. These findings highlight the importance of tumor‐released glutamate on neutrophil transformation in TME, providing new possible cancer treatments targeting altered glutamate metabolism.
Disruptions, adjustments and hopes: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on child well‐being in five Majority World Countries
Authors: Haffejee Sadiyya , Vostanis Panos , O'Reilly Michelle , Law Effie , Eruyar Seyda , Fleury Julianna , Hassan Sajida , Getanda Elijah
Published: April 2022

Drawing on integrated data from focus groups and diary entries, we explored the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on child well‐being for children from five Majority World Countries. We focus on the disruptions the pandemic caused, the adjustments made in response to these, and children's vision of a post‐pandemic world. Underlying children's experiences of loss, boredom and concerns about educational progress, was an awareness of systemic inequalities that disadvantaged them or others in their community. Findings have implications on capturing children's voices through introspective and dialogical approaches that transcend cultures and for the development of preventive and responsive interventions during crises.
Transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility during bovine myoblasts proliferation and myogenic differentiation
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Yahui , Hu Xin , Zhang Yapeng , Li Hongwei , Zhang Qi , Cai Wentao , Wang Zezhao , Zhu Bo , Xu Lingyang , Gao Xue , Chen Yan , Gao Huijiang , Li Junya , Zhang Lupei
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Although major advances have been made in bovine epigenome study, the epigenetic basis for fetal skeletal muscle development still remains poorly understood. The aim is to recapitulated the time course of fetal skeletal muscle development in vitro, and explore the dynamic changes of chromatin accessibility and gene expression during bovine myoblasts proliferation and differentiation.

Methods

PDGFR‐ cells were isolated from bovine fetal skeletal muscle, then cultured and induced myogenic differentiation in vitro in a time‐course study (P, D0, D2,and D4). The assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) were performed.

Results

Among the enriched transcriptional factors with high variability, we determined the effects of MAFF, ZNF384, and KLF6 in myogenesis using RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, we identified both stage‐specific genes and chromatin accessibility regions to reveal the sequential order of gene expression, transcriptional regulatory, and signal pathways involved in bovine skeletal muscle development. Further investigation integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data was conducted to explore cis‐regulatory regions in line with gene expression. Moreover, we combined bovine GWAS results of growth traits with regulatory regions defined by chromatin accessibility, providing a suggestive means for a more precise annotation of genetic variants of bovine growth traits.

Conclusion

Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the stepwise regulatory mechanisms in skeletal muscle development and conducting beef cattle genetic improvement programs.
What determines health professionals’ COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy? A nationwide study
Authors: Estrela Marta , Magalhães Silva Tânia , Roque Vítor , Rebelo Gomes Eva , Roque Fátima , Herdeiro Maria Teresa , Figueiras Adolfo
Published: April 2022

Introduction

To contain the COVID‐19 pandemic, higher vaccination rates are essential. However, as vaccine hesitancy is a reality, it is important to understand what drives health professionals to refuse getting vaccinated against COVID‐19, who have been in the frontline of this pandemic since its beginning and may be key actors to improve vaccine coverage among their patients.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy (VH) among health professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists and dentists).

Methods

A nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted through an online survey, with 890 Portuguese health professionals. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the independent variables (perceptions, knowledge and attitudes) per 1‐point increase in the Likert scale and VH.

Results

Complacency, communications, confidence and convenience were strongly associated with VH probability. Concerns about vaccines’ efficacy (ORPhysicians = 8.33, 95% CI: 4.51–15.36) and safety (ORNurses = 11.07, 95% CI: 4.12–29.77) increase the risk of VH on all health professional groups. A reduction of VH probability is associated with higher risk perceptions of getting infected (1/ORNurses = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.52–5.02) and suffering complications (1/ORNurses = 33.72, 95% CI: 8.48–134.13), higher confidence in the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines (1/ORDentists = 12.29, 95% CI: 2.91–51.89), risk perception of getting infected if vaccinated (1/ORPhysicians = 14.92, 95% CI: 6.85–32.50), risk of suffering from complications after getting vaccinated, and higher trust levels on the information transmitted by competent authorities (1/ORDentists = 17.76, 95% CI: 3.83–82.22).

Conclusions

To reduce COVID‐19 VH, which appears to be highly influenced by perceptions, knowledge and attitudes, it is essential to promote interventions directed to transforming these potentially modifiable determinants.
Retained dental roots of adults: A nationwide population study with panoramic radiographs
Authors: Koskela Sanna , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Suominen Anna L. , Huumonen Sisko , Ventä Irja
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and nature of retained dental roots and their associations with demographics in the Finnish adult population. From the cross‐sectional nationwide Health 2000 Survey of the Finnish population aged 30 years and older, 6005 participants with clinical oral examination and panoramic radiographs were included. Occurrence and characteristics of all retained dental roots were examined. Statistical analyses included χ2, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests, and SAS‐SUDAAN calculations. The mean age of the 6005 participants (46% men and 54% women) was 53 (SD 14.6) years. At least one retained dental root was observed in 13% (n = 754) of the participants. The 1350 retained roots included 461 (34%) roots retained entirely in bone and 889 (66%) partly in bone. The most common location of a retained dental root was the third molar region. Occurrence of retained roots partly in bone was associated with male sex and lower education. Occurrence of retained third molar roots entirely in bone was associated with female sex, younger age, higher education, and living in a city. Among all retained dental roots, the preponderance of third molars emphasized the demanding nature of extracting the third molar in women.
Warming enhances dominance of vascular plants over cryptogams across northern wetlands
Authors: Bao Tao , Jia Gensuo , Xu Xiyan
Published: April 2022

Climate warming causes profound effects on structure and function of wetland ecosystem, thus affecting regional and global hydrological cycles and carbon budgets. However, how wetland plants respond to warming is still poorly understood. Here, we synthesized observations from 273 independent sites to explore responses of northern wetland plants to warming. Our results show that warming enhances biomass accumulation for vascular plants including shrubs and graminoids, whereas it reduces biomass accumulation for cryptogams including moss and lichen. This divergent response of vascular plants and cryptogams is particularly pronounced in the high latitudes where permafrost prevails. As warming continues, this divergent response is amplified, however, the reduction in cryptogams is more drastic. Warming leads to declined surface soil moisture and lowered water table, thereby shifting wetlands from a wet system dominated by cryptogams to a drier system with increased cover of vascular plants. Under a high‐emission scenario of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5), a 4.7–5.1°C mean global temperature rise will cause more than fivefold loss of cryptogams compared with current climate. As cryptogams are largely concentrated at northern high latitudes, where warming will likely be greater than the projected global mean, modification in wetland plant composition and major reduction in cryptogams are expected to occur even much earlier than 2100.
Effectiveness of physical exercise on postural balance in patients with haemophilia: A systematic review
Authors: Chimeno‐Hernández Ana , Querol‐Giner Felipe , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía , Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo , Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Carrasco Juan J. , Aguilar‐Rodríguez Marta
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Balance training is important to improve balance and to decrease the risk of falls in patients with haemophilia (PWH).

Aim

To analyse the current knowledge about the effectiveness of physical exercise on postural balance in PWH.

Methods

A systematic search for clinical trials, published before November 2021, was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Wiley Online Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using GRADE.

Results

A total of ten studies involving 304 patients were included. The studies performed strength and balance exercises, and some included flexibility, mobilization, and/or aerobic exercises in their training programs. Postural balance was evaluated using a force platform and the one leg stand test was the most frequently used. Only five exercise programs achieved a significant increase in balance (pre‐post) with a strength, postural balance, flexibility, and aerobic intervention. In general, the quality rate of the risk of bias was fair but the overall quality of the evidence across the studies was very low.

Conclusion

Five studies showed that there is a positive change in balance after the intervention. However, there is currently an unclear demonstration of evidence for the use of physical exercises to improve postural balance in people with haemophilia. Further studies with a higher methodological quality are needed.
Game affordance, gamer orientation, and in‐game purchases: A hedonic–instrumental framework
Authors: Wang Le , Sun Yongqiang , Luo Xin (Robert)
Published: April 2022

Despite extensive research on user behaviours in free‐to‐play games, what motivates users to purchase in‐game items is still not well understood. We classify game affordances, gamer orientations, and in‐game items into two dimensions according to the instrumental–hedonic dichotomy. Utilising the affordance theory, we propose that the fit between game affordances and gamer orientation determines game identification, whereas the fit between game identification and gamer orientations determines in‐game purchases. We test the proposed model using a two‐wave longitudinal survey. The results suggest that instrumental gamer orientation strengthens the relationship between instrumental game affordances and game identification as well as the relationship between game identification and instrumental in‐game purchase. A hedonic gamer orientation strengthens the relationship between hedonic game affordances and game identification as well as the relationship between game identification and hedonic in‐game purchases. This paper identifies different types of game affordances and gamer orientations and examines the interactions between the two, advancing the theoretical understanding of proactive behaviours in free‐to‐play games.
Maintaining social support while social distancing: The longitudinal benefit of basic psychological needs for symptoms of anxiety during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Costa Sebastiano , Canale Natale , Mioni Giovanna , Cellini Nicola
Published: April 2022

Although social distancing measures could be potentially perceived as thwarting conditions for basic psychological needs and thus causing psychological distress, off(on)line social support could compensate for this frustration by providing psychological proximity. Using self‐determination theory, in this study, we aimed (a) to evaluate the change of perception in need satisfaction over time (before and during home‐confinement and after a month of lockdown) and (b) to test the short‐term longitudinal association between off(on)line social support, basic needs, and anxiety during social distancing measures in response to the COVID‐19 outbreak. During the lockdown period decreed by Italy in March 2019 to confront the COVID‐19 emergency, 1344 participants completed an online questionnaire and 131 participants completed a follow‐up after 1 month. Results showed a decrease in need satisfaction during home confinement and a further reduction after a month of lockdown. Cross‐sectional path analysis showed that both online and offline social support were associated with higher need satisfaction, which, in turn, was related to a lower level of anxiety. Longitudinal paths also confirmed the association between need satisfaction and anxiety. Collectively, these results suggest that maintaining psychological proximity despite social distancing measures may provide important avenues for reducing negative outcomes during forced home confinement.
The road not taken: A comparison of Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases and securities class actions
Authors: Ahn Jae Hwan
Published: April 2022

Despite the controversial debate over the role of public enforcement and private litigation in detecting and deterring financial misreporting, we have only scant literature comparing their enforcement outcomes: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)‐sanctioned cases (Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases [AAERs]) and settled class actions against which the SEC did not file cases (securities class‐action lawsuits [SCALs]). This paper documents systematic differences between the two. Specifically, AAERs exhibit a larger magnitude of accruals prior to misreporting, as well as greater financing needs and insider trading during manipulation periods. After controlling for case backlogs in the SEC and the courts, the misreporting amount and period of AAERs are also greater and longer than those of SCALs, although SCALs represent greater settlement amounts. Further analysis indicates that resource constraints do not critically undermine the SEC investigations to detect more material misreporting cases. However, plaintiff investors appear to go forum shopping to earn greater settlement proceeds from SCALs. Finally, relative to SCALs, AAERs experienced significant drops in firm performance, analyst following and CEO tenure around SEC sanctions. Overall, this study provides consistent evidence supporting the SEC's optimization of detection rates under resource constraints and the strategic interaction between SEC enforcement and private litigation.
Estimates of genetic parameters for linear body measurements and prediction of body weight in goat
Authors: Dige Mahesh Shivanand , Rout Pramod Kumar , Singh Manoj Kumar , Bhusan Saket , Kaushik Rakesh , Gowane Gopal Ramdasji
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to estimate genetic parameters for linear body measurements along with their correlation to live weight with a focus on devising a scale to predict live weights from body measurement. A total of 142,564 records on body measures and live weights were collected from 8701 Jamunapari goats. Genetic parameters were obtained for body length (L), height at withers (H) and heart girth (G) from birth to adult stage by univariate and multivariate analysis using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. The best model for body measures at birth included the additive effect of animal and dam along with their covariance and maternal environment, whereas for traits measured later in life, the maternal environment was not significant. After accounting for the direct maternal correlation (ram), the total heritability estimates for linear body measurements (L,H and G) at the preweaning and postweaning stages of growth ranged from 0.14 to 0.20. Significant genetic variability implies further scope for selection. The genetic correlations of live weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months with corresponding L,H and G were high in magnitude indicating scope to select animals for higher weight using morphometric measurements. When weighing scales are unavailable in the field, prediction of weight using L and G was recommended [live weight = (0.291 × L) + (0.306 × G) − 16.8]. We recommend the use of body measurements in the Jamunapari goat breeding program owing to their high genetic correlation with corresponding live weights.
Is prophylactic ablation of the cavotricuspid and peri‐incisional isthmus justified in patients with postoperative atrial flutter after right atriotomy?
Authors: Benak Attila , Kupo Peter , Bencsik Gabor , Makai Attila , Saghy Laszlo , Pap Robert
Published: April 2022

Background

The two most common postoperative atrial flutter (AFL) circuits after right atriotomy are the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) dependent and the lateral, peri‐incisional. We investigated whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of both circuits results in more favorable long‐term outcomes.

Methods

Single‐center retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent RFA of AFL after open‐heart surgery. The effect of surgery type and RFA strategy on AFL recurrence was evaluated.

Results

One hundred and forty‐two patients (mean age 64.5 ± 12.7 years, 65.% male) were enrolled. Patients with right atrial (RA) flutter (n = 124) were divided into two groups based on the index RFA procedure: only one RA circuit was ablated (Group 1, n = 84, 67.7%) or both the CTI and the peri‐incisional circuit ablated (Group 2, n = 40, 32.3%). The previous open‐heart surgery was categorized based on the extension of the RA incision: limited (Type A) or extended (Type B) atriotomy. After a mean follow‐up of 36 ± 28 months, flutter recurrence was not different among patients with limited RA atriotomy (25% vs. 22% in Groups 1A and 2A, respectively, p = 1.0). However, after type B surgery, ablation of both AFL circuits was associated with a reduced recurrence rate (63% vs. 26% in Groups 1B and 2B, respectively, p = .002).

Conclusions

In patients with postoperative RA flutter after extended right atriotomy, ablation of both the CTI and the peri‐incisional isthmus significantly reduces the AFL recurrence rate. Prophylactic ablation of both isthmi, even if not proven to support reentry, is reasonable in this population.
The impact of undernutrition on KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) neurons in female lambs
Authors: Harlow KaLynn , Griesgraber Max J. , Seman Andrew D. , Shuping Sydney L. , Sommer Jeffrey R. , Griffith Emily H. , Hileman Stanley M. , Nestor Casey C
Published: April 2022

Undernutrition limits reproduction through inhibition of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Because KNDy neurons coexpress neuropeptides that play stimulatory (kisspeptin and neurokinin B [NKB]) and inhibitory (dynorphin) roles in pulsatile GnRH/LH release, we hypothesized that undernutrition would inhibit kisspeptin and NKB expression at the same time as increasing dynorphin expression. Fifteen ovariectomized lambs were either fed to maintain pre‐study body weight (controls) or feed‐restricted to lose 20% of pre‐study body weight (FR) over 13 weeks. Blood samples were collected and plasma from weeks 0 and 13 were assessed for LH by radioimmunoassay. At week 13, animals were killed, and brain tissue was processed for assessment of KNDy peptide mRNA or protein expression. Mean LH and LH pulse amplitude were lower in FR lambs compared to controls. We observed lower mRNA abundance for kisspeptin within KNDy neurons of FR lambs compared to controls with no significant change in mRNA for NKB or dynorphin. We also observed that FR lambs had fewer numbers of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin and NKB perikarya compared to controls. These findings support the idea that KNDy neurons are important for regulating reproduction during undernutrition in female sheep.
Hair growth‐promoting effects of Camellia seed cake extract in human dermal papilla cells and C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wang Jing , Shen Huchi , Chen Timson , Ma Ling
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Camellia seed cake is a by‐product of Camellia oleifera Abel seed after oil extraction. Washing hair with Camellia seed cake extract is a traditional Chinese custom that has lasted for over one thousand years. However, the hair growth‐promoting effects of Camellia seed cake extract were not investigated so far. This work examined the effects of de‐saponinated Camellia seed cake extracts (DS‐CSE) on hair growth, using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods

The studies on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and K+ channels activation effects of DS‐CSE were performed on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Relative expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β1) in DPCs was determined by RT‐PCR. Relative expression of ERK and AKT was determined by Western blot analysis. Hair growth‐promoting effects were also measured in C57BL/6J mice model.

Results

DS‐CSE treatment significantly proliferated DPCs, relating to the increased proportion of DPCs in S and G2/M phases, the activation of potassium channels and the promoted phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in DPCs. DS‐CSE treatment also significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of HGF, VEGF and IGF‐1, and downregulated the mRNA level of TGF‐β1. Topical application of DS‐CSE promoted hair growth on shaven back mice and also upregulated the expression of VEGF in mice.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that DS‐CSE exerts a hair growth‐promoting effect in vitro and in vivo by proliferating DPCs through the ERK and AKT signaling pathways and regulating the expression of growth factors.
Transdermal buprenorphine improves overall quality of life and symptom severity in cancer patients with pain
Authors: Shen Wen‐Chi , Hou Ming‐Mo , Huang Tai‐Lin , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Huang Yen‐Min , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chen Mei‐Ling
Published: April 2022

Aim and Objectives

This study explored the effect of transdermal buprenorphine on quality of life and six symptoms in cancer patients with pain.

Background

Transdermal opioids offer advantages over traditional routes of administration. The impact of transdermal buprenorphine on quality of life for patients with cancer in Asian populations is unknown.

Design

This study employed a single‐arm observational repeated measures design. Cancer patients with pain were evaluated prior to treatment (baseline). Over a 4‐week treatment period, quality of life and symptoms were assessed at 2 and 4 weeks. This study adhered to the recommendations of STROBE guidelines.

Methods

This multi‐site study was conducted in six hospitals located across northern, middle and southern Taiwan. Adult cancer patients whose pain was previously stable with opioid analgesics and, based on clinical judgement, were able to convert to transdermal buprenorphine treatment were invited to participate. Quality of life was measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ‐C30).

Results

Generalised estimating equations showed participants who completed at least one follow‐up measurement (N = 80) over 4‐weeks had a significant improvement in overall quality of life. Functional status only improved for social functioning. However, symptom severity decreased significantly for nausea/vomiting, pain, insomnia and constipation.

Conclusions

The study provides initial evidence supporting transdermal buprenorphine for providing beneficial effects of improving quality of life and reducing severity of symptoms in Asian patients with cancer.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings of this study can inform the clinical practice that the use of transdermal buprenorphine in cancer patients with pain may also reduce the severity of other symptoms and improve overall quality of life.

Trial registration details

This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT04315831.
Impact of baby behaviour on caregiver's infant feeding decisions during the first 6 months of life: A systematic review
Authors: Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Orta‐Aleman Dania , Cruz‐Villalba Valeria , Segura‐Pérez Sofía , Nyhan Kate , Richter Linda M.
Published: April 2022

Caregivers are often concerned about baby behaviours. Without adequate counselling, parental response can lead to altering infant feeding and jeopardizing breastfeeding. We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence about the influence of baby behaviours perceived as problematic (crying, sleep waking and posseting) on infant feeding decisions during the first 6 months of life (self‐reported milk insufficiency, breastfeeding duration and introduction of formula). The review focused on quantitative studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish without date restriction. The search was designed with the support of a medical librarian and conducted in seven databases. Data were managed in Covidence and risk of bias was assessed through the Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. Synthesis of the literature was guided by a conceptual model of the impact of baby behaviours on caregivers feeding practices. We retrieved and reviewed 4312 titles/abstracts and selected 22 for review; 10 were purely descriptive and 12 were cross‐sectional, prospective and quasi‐experimental studies. Although studies from diverse regions were included in the review, more than half were from high‐income countries. All studies reported that baby behaviours affect feeding decisions, the most common baby behaviours studied were crying and fussiness, and the studies suggested relationships with lactation problems and reports of milk insufficiency, maternal breastfeeding confidence, breastfeeding duration and discontinuation, and introduction of formula. There are many factors that lead to perceiving baby behaviours as problematic and there is a need to provide anticipatory guidance to parents and caregivers, starting in pregnancy and counselling through well‐trained health providers.
Comparison of clinical imaging and pathological findings of various brain lesions including cerebrovascular diseases and other systemic diseases
Authors: Udaka Fukashi
Published: April 2022

Looking back at the cases of brain cutting conducted in Sumitomo Hospital over the past 32 years, cases where clinical brain imaging could be compared with pathological findings other than degenerative diseases are examined and carefully selected, and instructive examples of them are presented. Although there are some limitations, the comparison between clinical brain imaging and pathological finding is significant to the final diagnosis and understanding of the pathogenesis of brain lesions.
Towards species‐level forecasts of drought‐induced tree mortality risk
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Sabot Manon E. B. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Pitman Andrew J. , Meir Patrick , Cernusak Lucas A. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Ukkola Anna M. , Rifai Sami W. , Choat Brendan
Published: April 2022

Predicting species‐level responses to drought at the landscape scale is critical to reducing uncertainty in future terrestrial carbon and water cycle projections.

We embedded a stomatal optimisation model in the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model and parameterised the model for 15 canopy dominant eucalypt tree species across South‐Eastern Australia (mean annual precipitation range: 344–1424 mm yr−1). We conducted three experiments: applying CABLE to the 2017–2019 drought; a 20% drier drought; and a 20% drier drought with a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).

The severity of the drought was highlighted as for at least 25% of their distribution ranges, 60% of species experienced leaf water potentials beyond the water potential at which 50% of hydraulic conductivity is lost due to embolism. We identified areas of severe hydraulic stress within‐species’ ranges, but we also pinpointed resilience in species found in predominantly semiarid areas. The importance of the role of CO2in ameliorating drought stress was consistent across species.

Our results represent an important advance in our capacity to forecast the resilience of individual tree species, providing an evidence base for decision‐making around the resilience of restoration plantings or net‐zero emission strategies.
Emergency catheter ablation: A feasible option for acute treatments of patients with unstable pre‐excited atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chen Weijie , Xiao Peilin , Zhou Genqing , Liu Zengzhang , Chen Songwen , Du Huaan , Li Dan , Zhang Changzhi , Xu Yanping , Su Li , Liu Shaowen , Ling Zhiyu , Yin Yuehui
Published: April 2022

Background

Pre‐excited atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of life‐threatening events. However, at times, patients with pre‐excited AF still repetitively suffer from hemodynamic disturbance, with resistance to acute treatments of antiarrhythmic therapy and cardioversion.

Methods

To evaluate the feasibility in correcting hemodynamic disturbance, patients with pre‐excited AF who underwent catheter ablation of accessory pathway as an emergency procedure, were retrospectively collected from two centers of China. The medical records of patients were analyzed and summarized in this case series.

Results

Five patients with pre‐excited AF who received emergency catheter ablation of accessory pathway, were collected from two contributor centers and reported in this case series. All collected patients still repetitively suffered from hemodynamic disturbance induced by rapid anterograde conduction of AF via pathway, even guideline recommended acute interventions of intravenous antiarrhythmic therapy and cardioversion had been performed. Finally, as an emergency procedure, catheter ablation of accessory pathway was performed in collected patients. Correspondingly, the hemodynamic unstable status was greatly relieved. Meanwhile, all collected patients with high risk of pre‐excited AF were combined with left‐sided accessory pathway, with shortest RR interval of widened pre‐excited QRS complex less than 250 ms. Thus, combination with left‐sided pathway is proposed as an indicator for the increased risk of life‐threatening events in patients with high risk of pre‐excited AF.

Conclusions

Emergency catheter ablation of accessory pathway is an effective option for the acute managements of patients with high risk of pre‐excited AF in unstable hemodynamics, which is resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy and cardioversion.
Usefulness of ultrasonography for small intestinal evaluations in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Okuhira Takeru , Yoden Atsushi , Kaji Emiri , Otani‐Akamatsu Masano , Inoue Keisuke , Aomatsu Tomoki , Takitani Kimitaka , Ashida Akira
Published: April 2022

Background

Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) for Crohn's disease is useful; however, its use has some limitations, such as invasiveness when endoscopic assistance is required in patients who cannot swallow the capsule, and the burden of interpretation on a physician. In contrast, intestinal ultrasonography (IUS) is a non‐invasive modality for children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of IUS for pediatric patients with established Crohn's disease.

Methods

Small bowel capsule endoscopy and IUS findings from the same period in pediatric patients with established Crohn’s disease were analyzed retrospectively. First, we compared the Lewis score (LS), small bowel endoscopic activity, and IUS findings by small bowel wall thickness (SBWT) and mesenteric lymph node size (MLNS). Second, we compared the performance of IUS findings with those of some biomarkers.

Results

In 22 procedures, SBWT and MLNS were correlated with LS (r = 0.52, P < 0.05, and r = 0.45, P < 0.05, respectively). Small bowel wall thickness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin levels had the highest accuracy (81.8%, 81.8%, and 81.8%, respectively). The combination of SBWT and MLNS had the highest positive predictive value and negative predictive value (100% and 83.3%, respectively).

Conclusions

Intestinal ultrasonography findings, including SBWT and MLNS, are useful for monitoring small bowel lesions in pediatric patients with established Crohn’s disease. We suggest first evaluating small bowel inflammation by IUS in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease before SBCE because IUS is less invasive than SBCE.
Extensive secretion of phenolic acids and fatty acids facilitates rhizosphere pH regulation in halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora under alkali stress
Authors: Li Hong , Xu Chenyang , Han Lei , Li Changyou , Xiao Binbin , Wang Huan , Yang Chunwu
Published: April 2022

Puccinellia tenuiflora is a forage grass with high nutritional value that is an extreme alkali‐tolerant halophyte: it can survive at pH 10–11. Root secretion is perceived as a major plant alkali tolerance mechanism. In the present study, we applied a widely targeted metabolomic approach to identify and quantify the root exudates of P. tenuiflora under alkali stress. We also surveyed the transcriptional and metabolic profiling of P. tenuiflora roots under salt (96‐mM Na+, pH 6.8) and alkali (96‐mM Na+, pH 9.6) stresses to reveal the biological processes mediating root secretion. In P. tenuiflora plants, 493 root exudates were detected under control conditions, 544 root exudates under salt stress conditions, and 607 root exudates under alkali stress conditions. Salt‐stressed plants and alkali‐stressed plants shared 64 root exudates, and 60 root exudates were unique to alkali‐stressed plants. The secretion rate of 56 phenolic acids, 43 fatty acids, and 9 organic acids was faster in alkali‐stressed roots than in control and salt‐stressed roots. In P. tenuiflora roots, alkali stress enhanced the accumulation of 23 phenolic acids, five organic acids, and only one fatty acid. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that alkali stress upregulated glycolysis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways in P. tenuiflora roots. Taken together, extensive secretion of phenolic acids and fatty acids promotes rhizosphere pH regulation of P. tenuiflora under alkali stress, which contributes to its strong alkali tolerance. The root secretion of P. tenuiflora upon alkali stress is highly organized. Enhanced glycolysis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and organic acid synthesis in the roots provide more reducing power and carbon source for the root secretion process of alkali‐stressed P. tenuiflora.
Coping strategies of caregivers in performing oral hygiene care in adults with special needs: A qualitative study
Authors: Leme Pedro Augusto Thiene , Nishiyama Rafaela Rie , Santos Lais Cesário , Mialhe Fábio Luiz
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Basic and daily oral hygiene care is essential for maintaining oral health in adults with special needs. The caregivers act in this process and need to be understood about the difficulties and the resources they use to deal with this demand. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the difficulties and strategies of caregivers regarding oral hygiene for adults with special health care needs (SHCN)

Methods

Twenty‐one caregivers of adults with SHCN participated in an interview in which the following questions were asked: What are the greatest difficulties in performing oral hygiene for the adult with SHCN you take care? and “How do you overcome these difficulties?” The interviews were recorded and the qualitative data were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique

Results

All respondents were female with a mean age of 58.5 years (± 10.8) and the adults with SHCN presented mean age of 30 years (± 18). The greatest difficulty pointed out by caregivers regarding oral hygiene for adults with SHCN was their non‐cooperation to do such activity. Regarding coping strategies, caregivers pointed out several strategies to perform oral hygiene in adults with SHCN, such as supervising their brushing, seek for a qualified dentist to assist with this task, performing oral hygiene during the bath, performing physical restraint, among others

Conclusion

The caregivers' perspectives indicate feelings of failure, discomfort, but also the use of creative resources to deal with the task. The results bring up themes that refer to anxieties and are related to technical and dental issues, that could be explored and need to be recognized by the reference oral healthcare team, whose responsibility it is also to work for the empowerment of caregivers.
The meaning of reflection for understanding caring and becoming a caring nurse
Authors: Jaastad Turid Anita , Ueland Venke , Koskinen Camilla
Published: April 2022

Background

Reflection is essential for students to learn and understand caring, their formation as human and caring beings, and their ability to meet patients in a caring way. Consequently, to facilitate nurse students’ development into professionals, learning support is needed where the focus is on understanding caring and becoming caring nurses.

Aim and research questions

The exploratory study aim is to gain knowledge of the meaning of reflection in first‐term nursing education, and how reflection grounded in caring theory can deepen the students’ understanding of caring and their professional formation of becoming a caring nurse.

Method

Data consisted of individual written reflections and were collected from 64 nursing students from Norway, who had completed their instruction in caring theories and participated in four reflection groups where they reflected on caring and becoming a caring nurse. A thematic analysis was used.

Findings

The results are based on the three main themes, Reflection provides an understanding of caring by developing a language for caring; Reflection provides an understanding of seeing the person behind the illness; and Reflection contributes to increased self‐understanding and awareness of oneself as a caring nurse.

Conclusions

Instruction in caring theories and participation in reflection groups, with reflection grounded in caring theory, has a key function in facilitating students’ development of a language for caring in nursing and appropriation of caring theory. The appropriation of caring theory provides a foundation for the nurse students to see themselves within a broader perspective and is important for mutual support in the professional formation of becoming a caring nurse. The expected outcome of such integration is a nursing curriculum that progressively supports the development of nursing students professionally and personally in the formation of becoming a caring nurses.