bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HPV detection and/or cytological diagnostics
Authors: Milenković Sanja
Published: October 2022

The aim of this review article is to demonstrate the role and importance of the pathologist/cytologist in screening and to emphasise the importance of introducing the state-of-the-art molecular biology methods into the screening programme, in addition to providing an overview of the screening methods. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, World Health Organization Director-General, announced a global call for action to eliminate cervical cancer and made it a public health priority in 2018. Cervical screening tests can detect precancerous lesions of the cervix in apparently healthy, asymptomatic women. Many institutions still use the conventional or Pap test, while many others have started using the modern test i.e. liquid-based cytology, which significantly reduces the pre-analytical phase errors. To date, studies comparing the two techniques have not provided consistent evidence that liquid-based cytology offers significant improvements in sensitivity or specificity, so both are considered acceptable. With the discovery of the etiological link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer in 1983, new methods were developed for cervical cancer screening by designing tests aimed at identifying the virus/infection rather than at the onset of the disease and detecting altered cells. The application of the HPV test as the first line of the screening programme is becoming routine. The advantages of applying the molecular technique are that it has a high predictive value, high reproducibility and high throughput. In the Republic of Serbia, the screening programme has been implemented by the National Decree since 2013, as an organised, decentralised programme and has its own difficulties in terms of personnel, financial and organisational deficiencies. The HPV primary screening would enable those difficulties to be overcome to a considerable degree, especially if liquid-based cytology were to be implemented and digital pathology introduced along with HPV screening. All of this, however, has one prerequisite, which is centralisation. Looking at the situation also from the aspect of introducing vaccines against the HPV virus, I believe that we are on the right track to control cervical cancers, and to eradicate them in the not so distant future.
Cervical cancer screening: Past, present and outlook
Authors: Živadinović Radomir , Petrić Aleksandra , Živadinović Aleksandar , Pop-Trajković Sonja , Živadinović Lazar , Simić Dušan
Published: October 2022

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common carcinoma in women globally, following breast, lung and colon cancer. Primary prevention (vaccination) and secondary prevention (organised screening) in developed countries have made a significant difference in the structure of morbidity, as well as mortality from this disease, compared to undeveloped countries. The primary objective of cervical cancer screening is identification of abnormal epithelial cells that are likely to progress into invasive carcinoma (CIN II + and AIS) and that require surgical treatment, which reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Secondary objective of screening is diagnosing early stages of invasive carcinoma (MIC) which also decreases cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. Cervical cancer screening strategy differs in different parts of the world and needs to be adapted to the methods that are available and reliable in the given country, and that allow for the best possible organisational arrangements and development of the infrastructure for cancer screening implementation and quality assurance, in line with specific human and financial resources available to the country
Cross-sectional SWOT Analysis of BIM and GIS Integration
Authors: Glinka Szymon
Published: October 2022

The integration of BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies allows for added value in many fields; starting from the construction industry to administrative operations. However, the issue of integration is currently quite challenging. This is due to the lack of consistency (inter alia, a lack of standards) in the integration of both technologies. It is the result of the different primary use of BIM and GIS. The use of BIM and GIS integration has great potential, especially in the construction industry. Therefore, it was decided to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of integration as well as the opportunities and threats in the future by performing a SWOT analysis. The analysis was performed cross-sectionally based mainly on the existing literature. Finally, six strengths, five weaknesses, five opportunities, and four threats were identified and described.
Forest Community Mapping Using Hyperspectral (CHRIS/PROBA) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images
Authors: Glowienka Ewa , Zembol Nicole
Published: October 2022

The possibility to use hyperspectral images (CHRIS/PROBA) and multispectral images (Sentinel-2) in the classification of forest communities is assessed in this article. The pre-processing of CHRIS/PROBA image included: noise reduction, radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, geometric correction. Due to MNF transformation the number of the hyperspectral image channels was reduced (to 10 channels) and smiling errors were removed. Sentinel-2 image (level 2A) did not require pre-processing. Three tree genera occurring in the study area were selected for the classification: pine (Pinus), alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula). Image classification was carried out with three methods: SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper ), MTMF (Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering), SVM (Support Vector Machine). For the CHRIS/PROBA image, the algorithm SVM turned out to be the best. Its overall accuracy (OA) was 72%. The poorest result (OA = 52%) was for the MTMF classifier. In the classification of Sentinel-2 multispectral image the best result was for the MTMF method: OA = 82%, kappa coefficient 0.7. For other methods, the overall accuracy exceeded 65%. Among the classified genera, the highest producer’s accuracy was obtained for pine (PA = 96%), and the broad-leaf genera: alder and birch had PA ranging from 42% to 85%.
Using GIS and SDSS Tools in the Design of a Photovoltaic System for a Built-up Roof
Authors: Davybida Lidiia , Wyczałek Ireneusz , Plichta Artur
Published: October 2022

The design and installation of solar panels on the roofs of urban buildings often require consideration of the specific spatial conditions that affect their efficiency. The primary purpose of this work is to develop a procedure for designing and optimizing photovoltaic installations using geomatics methods and specific tools of GIS and CAD systems. The roof of the historic building A2, which is a part of the Poznań University of Technology campus, was selected as the tested object. Solar radiation modelling and determination of suitability zones were performed using SEBE (Solar Energy on Building Envelopes) in QGIS. Possible options for the placement of photovoltaic modules on the roof were simulated with CAD technique in the web-based HelioScope software. The results of the simulation show that the current roof area can generate electrical power of 99.9 MWh/year. The proposed methodology is universal for photovoltaic installations on built-up roofs and can be applied to other buildings and, consequently, the results obtained can be used to improve the content of the solar data urban geoportal.
Assessment of a Metallurgical Plant Impact on the Sea of Azov
Authors: Neverova-Dziopak Elena , Dan Olena
Published: October 2022

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises have a negative impact on the air, soil, and water environment. The activities of metallurgy enterprises include a wide range of production processes (from the extraction of metals from ores to obtaining finished products) and is associated with the formation of a large amount of waste. Industrial wastewater discharge is the main source of aquatic area pollution. An assessment of the impact of wastewater discharged from the Azovstal Iron & Steel Works metallurgical plant on the state of the coastal waters of the Sea of Azov near Mariupol (Ukraine) is presented in the article. The assessment was carried out in accordance with the current Ukrainian legislation and the adopted methodology for water state assessment. The assessment was based on the available monitoring data of sea water in the area of wastewater discharges in the period 2016–2020. The assessment was carried out using the aggregated numerical indices, as well as taking into account the “limiting criterion principle”. Such a methodological approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the sea water quality class as well as its sanitary and ecological condition. The results of the assessment allowed us to ascertain the negative impact of industrial wastewater from the metallurgical plant on the coastal zone of the Azov Sea, which made it unsuitable for communal and recreational purposes.
Geospatial Assessment and Mapping of Suitable Sites for a Utility-scale Solar PV Farm
Authors: Nzelibe Ifechukwu Ugochukwu , Ojediran Daniel Damilola , Moses Mefe
Published: October 2022

Geospatial and multi-criteria decision-making techniques are applied to process and analyse datasets for determining suitable areas for multiple utilityscale solar photovoltaic farms in the city of Akure, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. Data processed include local electric power distribution system data, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data, Landsat 8 and solar global horizontal irradiance. Multi-criteria decision-making techniques adopted are the analytical hierarchy process, reclassification, and overlay. These techniques were carried out considering criteria for siting solar photovoltaic farms. Criteria considered in this study are climate, topography, economic, environmental impact operational and technical while sub-criteria are solar global horizontal irradiance, slope, proximity and land cover. The outcome of the study shows that the study area covering a total extent of ~33,200 ha, 15%, 8%, 13% and 64% are highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, and unsuitable respectively for siting utility-scale solar photovoltaic farms within the study area. The study reveals the potential of multiple utility-scale solar photovoltaic farms in the study area. However, the proportions of areas suitable for solar photovoltaic farms are quite lower compared to findings from similar studies conducted in northwestern Nigeria. The study recommends solar photovoltaic sources as an alternative energy source in and around the study area.
Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiogram of Non-Oral Bacteria Isolates from Patients Attending Dental Clinic at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Medical Center Enugu
Authors: Edemekong Christiana Inuaesiet , Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus , Thompson Mandu Daniel , Okolo Ijeoma Onyinye , Uzoeto Henrietta Onyinye , Ngwu Justina Nnenna , Mohammed Ismaila Danjuma , Chukwu Ezinwanne Blessing , Nwuzo Agabus Chidiebube , Okike Benneth Mark , Okolie Sandra Oluchi , Peter Ikemesit Udeme
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic-resistance among microbiota found within the oral cavity is a growing concern due to extensive use of antibiotics in dental practice both for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons, but has so far received little attention in recent time. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiogram of non-oral bacteria isolates from patients attending dental clinic at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Medical Center Enugu (FEDCODTTEN) Methodology: A total of two hundred (200) oral swab samples were collected from patients with dental disease, placed in sterilized Brain Heart Infusion broth and immediately transported to the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy Enugu, for bacteriological analysis using standard microbiological methods for isolation and characterization. Antibiogram studies of non-oral bacteria was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was determined for Multidrug Resistant (MDR) non-oral bacteria.

Results: Phenotypic characterization of non-oral bacteria revealed an occurrence rate of S. aureus

35(17.5%) followed by E. coli 18(9.0%), Salmonella typhi 16(8.0 %) and K. oxytoca 4(2.0%) as the least predominant bacteria species. Among the oral site, lower right quadrant showed increase isolation rate of 30(15.0%) bacteria followed by lower left quadrant 23(11.5%) while upper right quadrant accounted 15(7.5 %) with the least isolation rate. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of non-oral bacteria in right quadrant and left quadrant samples from dental disease patients (P < 0.05). Non-oral bacteria isolate exhibited 57.1-100% resistant to Ertapenem, colisitn, amoxillicin, azetronam, colistin, ampicillin and clindamycin with Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index (MARI) ranged from 0.4-0.7, indicating high level of multi-drug resistance but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin 77.8%, gentamicin 100% and imipenem 100%.

Conclusion: The high antibiotic resistant and increase multi-drug resistance outcome reported among non-oral bacteria in this study calls for strengthened efforts in antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control measures in dental practices with the need to implement regular awareness programs at time interval to control and manage multi-drug resistance bacteria through judicious use of antibiotic to re-establish dominance over multi-drug resistance non-oral bacteria implicated in dental diseases.
Role of Micronutrients Foliar Nutrition in Vegetable Production: A Review
Authors: Patel Nihar A. , Mangroliya R. M. , Patel J. J.
Published: October 2022

Vegetables are potential source of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Proper plant nutrition is essential for successful production of vegetable crops. Integrated supply of micronutrients with macronutrients in adequate amount is an important approach to sustain the soil health and crop productivity besides maintaining the nutritional quality of vegetables. Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Cl, Mo, Ni) are required by plants in small or trace quantities. They are essentially as important as macronutrients for better growth, yield and quality of plants. Deficiencies of micronutrients may induce several physiological disorders in plants and drastically affect growth, metabolism and reproductive phase in plants. The successful tasks carried out by various micronutrients include plant metabolism, nutritional management, chlorophyll production, reproductive growth, flower retention, fruit and seed development, etc. Judicious use of micronutrients is essential for vegetable cultivation to get maximum yield of high quality produce. Foliar nutrition is the one of the most efficient method of applying micronutrients. Spraying of nutrient solutions on the foliage of growing plants is known as foliar nutrition.  Foliar nutrition of micronutrients at right concentration and at right growth stage is important for better results. Micronutrients applied by foliar application are more effective than those applied through soil application because soil application requires longer time for micronutrient absorption and assimilation. Foliar application of micronutrients plays a dynamic role and has been found beneficial for improving growth, yield and quality attributes of vegetable crops. In general, this review shows an immense potential of foliar nutrition of micronutrients in vegetable production. The main aim of this study is to know and explore the benefits of micronutrients through foliar nutrition for improving the production potential of different vegetable crops.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Naproxen and Esomeprazole in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Kulsum Syeda , Naz Ayesha , Rehman Abdul , Bari Abdul , Salman Mohammed , Jabeen Shayestha , Akhter Samreen
Published: October 2022

Introduction: An accurate, specific and precise reverse phase UV spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Naproxen and Esomeprazole in tablet dosage form. Naproxen and Esomeprazole tablets were used to relieve the spondylitis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in adults’ juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children.

Methods: Simple and accurate UV spectroscopic method was developed using Naproxen and Esomeprazole tablet and results were tabulated.

Results and Discussion: The optimum conditions were established for the analysis of the drug. The maximum wavelength of Naproxen (λmax) was found to be 231nm and for Esomeprazole was 301nm respectively. The linearity of the method developed was in the range 10-50 μg/ml for Naproxen and 30-70 μg/ml for Esomeprazole. Calibration curves for Naproxen and Esomeprazole showed a linear relationship among the absorbance and concentration. The line equation observed for Naproxen is Y= 0.0374X + 0.0805 with r2 of 0.9936 and for Esomeprazole drug was 0.0377 X+0.0576 with R2 of 0.9962 . Validation parameters were performed as per ICH guidelines for all validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The results of LOD and LOQ were found to be within the range.

Conclusion: The proposed method for Naproxen and Esomeprazole was simple, yet sensitive and precise for repeated analysis of Naproxen and esomeprazole in bulk and tablet formulations.
The Relationship of Human Resources Management with the Main Attractions to Attract the Right Employees in International and Local Companies
Authors: Alsadoon Abdulrazak Amer Adnan
Published: October 2022

The major goal of this study is to ascertain the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and the key recruiting factors for both local and multinational businesses. Quantitative research is what this study is. There were 100 employees in the population who worked for both local and international companies. A questionnaire was used to collect information for the two variables. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the performance of male and female employees in local and worldwide firms in order to establish the relative contributions of human resource management.
Clinician Diagnostic Certainty and the Role of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Young Children
Authors: Barbaresi William , Cacia Jaclyn , Friedman Sandra , Fussell Jill , Hansen Robin , Hofer Johannes , Roizen Nancy , Stein Ruth E. K. , Vanderbilt Douglas , Sideridis Georgios
Published: October 2022

Importance

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 44 children. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a semi-structured observation developed for use in research but is considered a component of gold standard clinical diagnosis. The ADOS adds time and cost to diagnostic assessments.

Objective

To evaluate consistency between clinical diagnosis (index ASD diagnosis) and diagnosis incorporating the ADOS (reference standard ASD diagnosis) and to examine clinician and child factors that predict consistency between index diagnoses and reference standard diagnoses.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective diagnostic study was conducted between May 2019 and February 2020. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians (DBPs) made a diagnosis based on clinical assessment (index ASD diagnosis). The ADOS was then administered, after which the DBP made a second diagnosis (reference standard ASD diagnosis). DBPs self-reported diagnostic certainty at the time of the index diagnoses and reference standard diagnoses. The study took place at 8 sites (7 US and 1 European) that provided subspecialty assessments for children with concerns for ASD. Participants included children aged 18 months to 5 years, 11 months, without a prior ASD diagnosis, consecutively referred for possible ASD. Among 648 eligible children, 23 refused, 376 enrolled, and 349 completed the study. All 40 eligible DBPs participated.

Exposures

ADOS administered to all child participants.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Index diagnoses and reference standard diagnoses of ASD (yes/no).

Results

Among the 349 children (279 [79.7%] male; mean [SD] age, 39.9 [13.4] months), index diagnoses and reference standard diagnoses were consistent for 314 (90%) (ASD = 250; not ASD = 64) and changed for 35. Clinician diagnostic certainty was the most sensitive and specific predictor of diagnostic consistency (area under curve = 0.860; P < .001). In a multilevel logistic regression, no child or clinician factors improved prediction of diagnostic consistency based solely on clinician diagnostic certainty at time of index diagnosis.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective diagnostic study, clinical diagnoses of ASD by DBPs with vs without the ADOS were consistent in 90.0% of cases. Clinician diagnostic certainty predicted consistency of index diagnoses and reference standard diagnoses. This study suggests that the ADOS is generally not required for diagnosis of ASD in young children by DBPs and that DBPs can identify children for whom the ADOS may be needed.
Predicting the foraging patterns of wintering Auks using a sea surface temperature model for the Barents Sea
Authors: Hodges Samuel , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Reiertsen Tone Kirsten
Published: October 2022

The conservation of seabirds is increasingly important for their role as indicator species of ocean ecosystems, which are predicted to experience increasing levels of exploitation this century. Safeguarding these ecosystems will require predictive, spatial studies of seabird foraging hotspots. Current research on seabird foraging hotspots has established a significant relationship between probability of presence and several environmental variables, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST). However, inter‐annual, basin‐wide variation has the potential to invalidate these models, which depend on seasonal mesoscale variability.

In this study, we present a novel solution to predict presence from spatially and temporally variable environmental predictors, while reducing the influence of large‐scale basin‐wide variation. We model the Maximum Entropy (MaxENT) Model‐derived relationship between Standardized Monthly SST (StdSST) and Habitat Suitability using Gaussian curve models, and then apply these models to independent StdSST data to produce heatmaps of predicted seabird presence.

In this study, we demonstrate StdSST to be a functional environmental predictor of seabird presence, within a Gaussian curve model framework. We demonstrate accurate predictions of the model's training data and of independent seabird presence data to a high degree of accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve > 0.65) for four species of Auk: Common Guillemots (Uria aalge), Razorbills (Alca torda), Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) and Brunnich's Guillemots (Uria lomvia).

We believe that the methodology we have developed and tested in this study can be used to guide ecosystem management practices by converting coupled‐climate model predictions into predictions of future presence based on Habitat Suitability for the species, allowing us to consider the possible effects of climate change and yearly variation of SST on foraging seabird hotspots in the Barents Sea.
Application value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in preoperative localization of microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Liu Fangyi , Zang Li , Li Yunlin , Guan Zhiwei , Liu Yang , Yu Xiaoling , Han Zhiyu , Liang Ping
Published: October 2022

Background

Ultrasonography (US) and 99mTechnetium‐sestamibi scintigraphy (99mTc‐MIBI) are currently first‐line imaging modalities to localize parathyroid adenomas with sensitivities of 80% and 84%, respectively. Therefore, finding other modalities to further improve the diagnostic accuracy for preoperative localization is critically needed.

Purpose

To evaluate the application value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the preoperative localization of microwave ablation (MWA) for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods

Between December 2012 and May 2021, 100 PHPT patients (34 males and 66 females; mean age, 56.31 ± 13.43 years; age range, 25–85 years) with 130 suspected parathyroid nodules were enrolled. US, CEUS, and 99mTc‐MIBI were performed for the localization of pathological parathyroid glands. All patients were performed MWA under ultrasound guidance. All the suspected parathyroid nodules underwent core needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance during MWA to confirm the pathology. The diagnostic performance of all the imaging tests was analyzed in comparison with the pathological results.

Results

A total of 130 nodules suspected to be of parathyroid origin from preoperative localization images were confirmed by pathological results, of which 116 were of parathyroid origin, and 14 were not of parathyroid origin. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of CEUS in the localization of pathological parathyroid glands were 100%, 92.86%, 99.23%, and 0.964, which were significantly higher than those of US (93.10%, 42.86%, 87.69%, and 0.680) and 99mTc‐MIBI (81.90%, 42.86%, 77.69%, and 0.624) (p < 0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of CEUS were 100% and 97.22%, which were higher than those of 99mTc‐MIBI (65.62% and 63.89%) or US (75.00% and 72.22%) in patients with multiple parathyroid glands (p < 0.05). For smaller parathyroid adenomas (≤2 cm in diameter), the sensitivities of CEUS in locating hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands were 100%, which was significantly higher than that of 99mTc‐MIBI (73.68% and 84.31%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

CEUS is a valuable preoperative localization method for PHPT patients performed MWA, especially for the patients with smaller pathological parathyroid gland and multiple glandular lesions.
Reconciling Between Medication Orders and Medication Fills for Lupus in Pregnancy
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Liu Emily F. , Chakravarty Eliza , Rector Amadeia , Cantu Miranda , Kuo Daniel Z. , Shaw Gary M. , Druzin Maurice , Weisman Michael H. , Hedderson Monique M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Most studies consider either medications ordered or filled, but not both. Medication underuse based on filling data cannot necessarily be ascribed to patient nonadherence. Using both data sources, we quantified primary medication adherence in a cohort of prevalent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pregnancies.

Methods

We identified 419 pregnancies in Kaiser Permanente Northern California in patients with prevalent SLE from 2011 to 2020. We calculated the number of physician‐initiated orders or pharmacy‐initiated reorders during pregnancy and a comparable 9‐month window the year before (prepregnancy) and the proportion of orders ever filled and filled within 30 days for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azathioprine, and corticosteroids. For pregnancies without an order or reorder, we identified the proportion with previous prescription fills overlapping into the respective study period.

Results

New orders for lupus medications were usually filled. HCQ was prescribed most often (45.8% pregnancies) and usually filled (89.7% in prepregnancy, 93.2% during pregnancy). The majority filled within 30 days (80.5% prepregnancy, 83.3% pregnancy). Some pregnancies without new HCQ orders had continuous refills from prior orders; 53% of 2011–2015 pregnancies either had a new order or fill coverage from a previous period, compared to 63.2% of pregnancies delivering in 2016–2019. Corticosteroid fill frequencies were 90.6% in prepregnancy and 83.6% during pregnancy. Fewer patients used azathioprine; however, most new orders were filled (94.3% prepregnancy, 91.7% pregnancy). For azathioprine and corticosteroids, fill rates were modestly higher in prepregnancy compared to pregnancy.

Conclusion

We observed that patients have high adherence to filling new orders for lupus medications, such as HCQ and azathioprine, in pregnancy.
Nickel Hydroxide‐Supported Ru Single Atoms and Pd Nanoclusters for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Pei An , Li Guang , Zhu Lihua , Huang Zinan , Ye Jinyu , Chang Yu‐Chung , Osman Sameh M. , Pao Chih‐Wen , Gao Qingsheng , Chen Bing Hui , Luque Rafael
Published: October 2022

The rational fabrication of Pt‐free catalysts for driving the development of practical applications in alkaline water electrolysis and fuel cells is promising but challenging. Herein, a promising approach is outlined for the rational design of multimetallic catalysts comprising multiple active sites including Pd nanoclusters and Ru single atoms anchored at the defective sites of Ni(OH)2 to simultaneously enhance hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and ethanol oxidation reactions (EOR). Remarkably, Pd12Ru3/Ni(OH)2/C exhibits a remarkably reduced HER overpotential (16.1 mV@10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 21.8 mV dec−1) as compared to commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C (26.0 mV@10 mA cm−2, 32.5 mV dec−1). More importantly, Pd12Ru3/Ni(OH)2/C possesses a self‐optimized overpotential to 12.5 mV@10 mA cm−2 after 20 000 cycles stability test while a significantly decreased performance for commercial 20wt.% Pt/C (64.5 mV@10 mA cm−2 after 5000 cycles). The mass activity of Pd12Ru3/Ni(OH)2/C for the EOR is up to 3.724 A mgPdRu−1, ≈20 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C. Electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared measurements confirm the enhanced CO2 selectivity of Pd12Ru3/Ni(OH)2/C while synergistic and electronic effects of adjacent Ru, Pd, and OHad adsorption on Ni(OH)2 at low potential play a key role during EOR.
Magnetically‐Assisted 3D Bioprinting of Anisotropic Tissue‐Mimetic Constructs
Authors: Pardo Alberto , Bakht Syeda Mahwish , Gomez‐Florit Manuel , Rial Ramón , Monteiro Rosa F. , Teixeira Simão P. B. , Taboada Pablo , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: October 2022

Recreating the extracellular matrix organization and cellular patterns of anisotropic tissues in bioengineered constructs remains a significant biofabrication challenge. Magnetically‐assisted 3D bioprinting strategies can be exploited to fabricate biomimetic scaffolding systems, but they fail to provide control over the distribution of magnetic materials incorporated in the bioinks while preserving the fidelity of the designed composites. To overcome this dichotomy, the concepts of magnetically‐ and matrix‐assisted 3D bioprinting are combined here. By allowing low viscosity bioinks to remain uncrosslinked after printing, this approach enables the arrangement of incorporated magnetically‐responsive microfibers without compromising the resolution of printed structures before inducing their solidification. Moreover, the fine design of these magnetic microfillers allows the use of low inorganic contents and weak magnetic field strengths, minimizing the potentially associated risks. This strategy is evaluated for tendon tissue engineering purposes, demonstrating that the synergy between the biochemical and biophysical cues stemming from a tendon‐like anisotropic fibrous microstructure, combined with remote magneto‐mechanical stimulation during in vitro maturation, is effective on directing the fate of the encapsulated human adipose‐derived stem cells toward tenogenic phenotype. In summary, the developed strategy allows the fabrication of anisotropic high‐resolution magnetic composites with remote stimulation functionalities, opening new horizons for tissue engineering applications.
Multiplying Phosphine‐Oxide Orientation to Enable Ultralow‐Voltage‐Driving Simple White Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Diodes with Power Efficiency over 100 lm W−1
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Jianan , Ma Yuanxin , Han Chunmiao , Ding Dongxue , Wei Ying , Xu Hui
Published: October 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLED) hold great potential for daily lightings, but should overcome the current limitation in power conservation. Despite amount of efforts on developing efficient TADF emitters, it is demonstrated here that the host matrix actually controls exciton formation and allocation, therefore strongly determines power efficiency. Through multiplying P≐O orientations, 248DBTTPO matrix establishes “diffusion predominance” mode to support multidirectional carrier/exciton migration, which combines the advantages of “recombination predominance” and “transport predominance” modes in alleviating dopant–dopant interactions and rationalizing carrier and energy transfer. 248DBTTPO matrix effectively balances carrier flux, singlet radiation, and triplet quenching suppression of TADF emitters, and exciton allocation in its complementary white TADF systems. As consequence, 248DBTTPO endows its trilayer single‐emissive‐layer WOLEDs with the state‐of‐the‐art external quantum efficiency up to 27%, ultralow driving voltages, and consequently the record‐high power efficiency of 108.6 lm W−1, which breaks through key bottleneck of TADF lighting.
Polymer‐Reinforced Liposomes Amplify Immunogenic Cell Death‐Associated Antitumor Immunity for Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Chen Zihan , Li Qiushi , Cao Xianghui , Huang Qingqing , Shi Linqi , Liu Yang
Published: October 2022

Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising tool for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), which shows the potential to convert tumor cells into in situ vaccines. However, large amounts of as‐generated tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) are entrapped in the endo‐lysosomes of tumor‐infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in unsatisfactory TAA cross‐presentation and poor or moderate ICD‐associated antitumor responses. Herein, an immune‐enhancing polymer‐reinforced liposome (IERL) with a stable nanostructure and a bioactive surface is developed and it demonstrates its capability to collect TAAs, facilitates TAA endo‐lysosomal escape in DCs, and enhances cross‐presentation of TAAs, which results in the amplification of ICD‐associated antitumor immune responses. By loading photosensitizers, IERLs are able to induce robust antitumor immune responses and immune memory after local irradiation, thereby inhibiting the growth of both primary and distant/metastatic tumors. Additionally, considering the wide applications of liposomal carriers, photosensitizers in IERLs can be easily replaced with photothermal agents and radiosensitizers (or their combinations), which provides a general platform for the rapid development of combined cancer immunotherapy.
ZIF@VO2 as an Intelligent Nano‐Reactor for On‐Demand Angiogenesis and Disinfection
Authors: Yuan Tiejun , Wang Hui , Tan Minhong , Xu Yang , Xiao Qiyao , Wu Chen , Peng Lihua
Published: October 2022

Absent angiogenesis and bacterial infection are two major challenges that simultaneously delay the repair of injured tissues and organs. However, most current therapeutic systems deliver therapeutic cues in a separate and inaccurate manner which stimulates angiogenesis or inhibits infection leading to limited repair and side effects. Advanced therapeutic systems capable of providing accurate angiogenic stimulation and anti‐infection signals in response to the changing microenvironment are urgently needed. Herein, a nano‐reactor (ZFVO) involving zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67)‐deposited hollow vanadium oxide (VO2) is developed to intelligently execute pro‐angiogenesis and/or disinfection via the responsive release of cobalt ions and hydroxyl radicals to the injury and infection sites, respectively. ZFVO nano‐reactor demonstrates a novel strategy for constructing drug‐free nano‐platforms with a hierarchical structure which has potential for the accurate treatment of trauma and orthopedic diseases.
Chiral Mesostructured Inorganic Materials with Optical Chiral Response
Authors: Duan Yingying , Che Shunai
Published: October 2022

Fabricating chiral inorganic materials and revealing their unique quantum confinement‐determined optical chiral responses are crucial tasks in the multidisciplinary fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. The field of chiral mesostructured inorganic materials started from the synthesis of individual nanocrystals and evolved to include their assembly from metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and inorganic salts endowed with various chiral structures ranging from atomic to micron scales. This tutorial review highlights the recent research on chiral mesostructured inorganic materials, especially the novel expression of mesostructured chirality and endowed optical chiral response, and it may inspire us with new strategies for the design of chiral inorganic materials and new opportunities beyond the traditional applications of chirality. Fabrication methods for chiral mesostructured inorganic materials are classified according to chirality type, scale, and symmetry‐breaking mechanism. Special attention is given to highlight systems with original discoveries, exceptional phenomena, or unique mechanisms of optical chiral response for left‐ and right‐handedness.
Room‐Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions and Large Topological Hall Effect in Chromium Telluride Engineered by Self‐Intercalation
Authors: Zhang Chenhui , Liu Chen , Zhang Junwei , Yuan Youyou , Wen Yan , Li Yan , Zheng Dongxing , Zhang Qiang , Hou Zhipeng , Yin Gen , Liu Kai , Peng Yong , Zhang Xi‐Xiang
Published: October 2022

Room‐temperature magnetic skyrmion materials exhibiting robust topological Hall effect (THE) are crucial for novel nano‐spintronic devices. However, such skyrmion‐hosting materials are rare in nature. In this study, a self‐intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide Cr1+xTe2 with a layered crystal structure that hosts room‐temperature skyrmions and exhibits large THE is reported. By tuning the self‐intercalate concentration, a monotonic control of Curie temperature from 169 to 333 K and a magnetic anisotropy transition from out‐of‐plane to the in‐plane configuration are achieved. Based on the intercalation engineering, room‐temperature skyrmions are successfully created in Cr1.53Te2 with a Curie temperature of 295 K and a relatively weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Remarkably, a skyrmion‐induced topological Hall resistivity as large as ≈106 nΩ cm is observed at 290 K. Moreover, a sign reversal of THE is also found at low temperatures, which can be ascribed to other topological spin textures having an opposite topological charge to that of the skyrmions. Therefore, chromium telluride can be a new paradigm of the skyrmion material family with promising prospects for future device applications.
N ‐(2‐aminoethyl) Acetamide Additive Enables Phase‐Pure and Stable α‐FAPbI3 for Efficient Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , He Xiang , Wang Jian‐Gan , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: October 2022

Formamidinium–lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite is considered as one of the most promising perovskite materials for high‐performance photodetectors because of its narrow bandgap and superior thermal stability. Nevertheless, to realize efficient carrier transport and highly performing photodetectors, it imposes the requirement of fabricating α‐FAPbI3 with pure phase, preferred crystal orientation, large grain size, and passivated interface, which still remains challenging. Here, a facile strategy based on additive engineering to obtain pure‐phase FAPbI3 perovskite films by introducing N‐(2‐aminoethyl) acetamide into perovskite precursors is reported. The formation of chemical bond and hydrogen bond between N‐(2‐aminoethyl) acetamide and perovskite reduces the potential barrier in the phase‐transition process from an intermediate yellow phase to a final black phase, passivates the defects of the film, and leads to a high‐quality and phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite. A self‐powered photodetector based on the as‐fabricated FAPbI3 film exhibits a maximum responsivity of 0.48 A W−1 at 700 nm with a peak external quantum efficiency of 95% at 440 nm. Moreover, the optimized device remains 83% of the initial performance after 576 h storage at ambient condition. This work provides a simple and feasible scheme for the preparation of high‐quality phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite and associated devices.
Engineering Metal–Phenolic Networks for Solar Desalination with Directional Salt Crystallization
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Gao Jie , Zhou Jiajing , Gong Jingwen , Shang Longwen , Ye Haobin , He Fang , Peng Shaoqin , Lin Zhixing , Li Yuexiang , Caruso Frank
Published: October 2022

Solar desalination is one of the most promising strategies to address the global freshwater shortage crisis. However, the residual salt accumulated on the top surface of solar evaporators severely reduces light absorption and steam evaporation efficiency, thus impeding the further industrialization of this technology. Herein, a metal–phenolic network (MPN)‐engineered 3D evaporator composed of photothermal superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic sponges and side‐twining hydrophilic threads for efficient desalination with directional salt crystallization and zero liquid discharge is reported. The MPN coatings afford the engineering of alternating photothermal superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic sponges with high heating efficiency and defined vapor escape channels, while the side‐twining threads induce site‐selective salt crystallization. The 3D evaporator exhibits a high and stable indoor desalination rate (≈2.3 kg m−2 h−1) of concentrated seawater (20 wt%) under simulated sun irradiation for over 21 days without the need for salt crystallization inhibitors. This direct desalination is also achieved in outdoor field operations with a production rate of clean water up to ≈1.82 kg m−2 h−1 from concentrated seawater (10 wt%). Together with the high affinity and multiple functions of MPNs, this work is expected to facilitate the rational design of solar desalination devices and boost the research translation of MPN materials in broader applications.
Thermoregeneration of Fouling‐Inhibiting Plastrons on Conductive Laser‐Induced Graphene Coatings by Joule Heating
Authors: Manderfeld Emily , Nunes Kleinberg Maurício , Thamaraiselvan Chidambaram , Arnusch Christopher J. , Rosenhahn Axel
Published: October 2022

Superhydrophobic surfaces are capable to resist the adhesion of organisms through a surface bound air layer, known as a plastron. However, the lifetime of such plastrons is limited and their decay results in the loss of the protective barrier against organism attachment. Here a method is established to replenish the plastron by Joule heating of electrically conductive, superhydrophobic laser‐induced graphene (SLIG) coatings. Local heating with a DC current reduces the water solubility of gases and the growth of an initial microplastron into a macroplastron through gas nucleation at the liquid–air interface is observed. Small temperature differences between the surface and the surrounding water could induce this effect. Different SLIG surfaces are challenged against biofouling by the diatom Navicula perminuta under dynamic conditions and it is shown that surfaces with intact plastron resist diatom accumulation. Surfaces without the protective air layer are found to accumulate high amounts of diatoms. The results underline the promising potential of plastron‐based antifouling approaches because plastrons can be stabilized for extended times. This strategy could be applied to many other materials for an effective protection against fouling organism.
Porous Dielectric Elastomer Based Flexible Multiaxial Tactile Sensor for Dexterous Robotic or Prosthetic Hands
Authors: Ham Jooyeun , Huh Tae Myung , Kim Jayoung , Kim Jin‐Oh , Park Steve , Cutkosky Mark R. , Bao Zhenan
Published: October 2022

This article presents a lightweight, flexible, multiaxial, and multimodal capacitive tactile sensing design for robotic or prosthetic hand manipulation. The sensor conforms readily to curved surfaces, which wrap around the back and sides of a finger. With a microstructured porous dielectric material, the sensor has a desirable combination of a wide dynamic range with high resolution (0.5–500 kPa in the normal direction). Each taxel measures a combination of normal, shear, and torsional stresses. The capacitive sensor uses active shielding to reduce sensitivity to electromagnetic interference and when contacting a variety of materials with different conductivity and dielectric constants—including soft, wet materials such as tofu or gelatin. By dynamically changing the combinations of electrodes sampled, the sensor can also provide dynamic tactile information at frequencies over 100 Hz. With this combination of capabilities, the sensor is demonstrated for detecting changes in grasp force, and events such as making or breaking contact and the onset of linear or torsional sliding. This work presents the design and characterization of the sensor and demonstrates it in tasks such as handling fragile food items.
Direct Inkjet 3D Printing Microwires with Small Feature Size by Freezing, Sublimation, and Evaporation Induced Colloidal Nanoparticles Self‐Assembly Mechanism
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhao Lilan , Qian Bo , Wu Qixin , Wang Rui , Hua Tianxiang , Qin Jing , Li Lingying , Shi Xuejun
Published: October 2022

The feature size (FS) of inkjet printing is limited by nozzle size and drop spreading, which limits the realization of small optoelectronics devices and 3D microstructures. Some methods can realize small FS, but sacrifice advantages of inkjet technology. For instance, dewetting can reduce FS with all the advantages of inkjet technology kept, but is hard to print wires due to Rayleigh–Plateau instability. To solve these problems, in this paper, freezing and sublimation are introduced to direct inkjet printing wire processes. After optimizing the glycerol amount and adding tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) in water‐based nanoparticle inks, condensed microwires of PS colloidal nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and silver nanowires (AgNws) with small FS can be printed, respectively, by freezing, sublimation, and evaporation induced nanoparticle self‐assembly (FSE‐INS) mechanism. Using printhead with the nozzle size of 21 µm, the minimum feature size is only ≈2 µm for GO nanosheet samples. The FSE‐INS mechanism shows particle‐dimension dependent structure properties, introduces an additional particle manipulation freedom perpendicular to the substrate with sacrificial vertical solid surfaces, and exhibits great potential to realize small and novel devices and 3D structures, without sacrificing the advantages of inkjet technology.
Hydrogels with Reversible Heat‐Trained Toughness for Convenient Manufacture
Authors: Liu Yi , Cui Hongyuan , Wang Xiaolin , Ouyang Gangfeng , Guo Hui
Published: October 2022

Manufacturing hydrogels with programmable and reversible mechanical performance is pivotal for practical applications. In this work, a simple yet effective strategy is developed to fulfill this goal by training hydrogels with heat in different environments. The key point is to delicately tune the formation of the crystalline domains, thus reversibly switching the materials from liquid to solid, or from soft to rigid. For illustration, hydrogel precursors are taken with soluble semicrystalline polyvinyl alcohol and noncrystalline hydrophilic polymers. Upon training with heat in the air and reswelling in aqueous media, super stable and tough hydrogels are readily afforded with the crystalline domains serving as load‐bearing phases and physical crosslinks, which endows the gels with satisfactory processability. Various factors, such as training temperature and duration, can effectively regulate the training effect and endows the hydrogels with highly programmable mechanical performance. Upon experiencing another training process with heat in the water, the crystalline domains can be readily disrupted, which endows the materials with good recyclability. Combining these advantages, this strategy is well adaptable for various processing technologies for manufacturing hydrogels, and enables the gels with promising applications such as antifouling hydrogel coatings.