bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the potential for zoonotic transmission and host associations for novel viruses
Authors: Pandit Pranav S. , Anthony Simon J. , Goldstein Tracey , Olival Kevin J. , Doyle Megan M. , Gardner Nicole R. , Bird Brian , Smith Woutrina , Wolking David , Gilardi Kirsten , Monagin Corina , Kelly Terra , Uhart Marcela M. , Epstein Jonathan H. , Machalaba Catherine , Rostal Melinda K. , Dawson Patrick , Hagan Emily , Sullivan Ava , Li Hongying , Chmura Aleksei A. , Latinne Alice , Lange Christian , O’Rourke Tammie , Olson Sarah , Keatts Lucy , Mendoza A. Patricia , Perez Alberto , de Paula Cátia Dejuste , Zimmerman Dawn , Valitutto Marc , LeBreton Matthew , McIver David , Islam Ariful , Duong Veasna , Mouiche Moctar , Shi Zhengli , Mulembakani Prime , Kumakamba Charles , Ali Mohamed , Kebede Nigatu , Tamoufe Ubald , Bel-Nono Samuel , Camara Alpha , Pamungkas Joko , Coulibaly Kalpy J. , Abu-Basha Ehab , Kamau Joseph , Silithammavong Soubanh , Desmond James , Hughes Tom , Shiilegdamba Enkhtuvshin , Aung Ohnmar , Karmacharya Dibesh , Nziza Julius , Ndiaye Daouda , Gbakima Aiah , Sajali Zikankuba , Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Robles Erika Alandia , Ssebide Benard , Suzán Gerardo , Aguirre Luis F. , Solorio Monica R. , Dhole Tapan N. , Nga Nguyen T. T. , Hitchens Peta L. , Joly Damien O. , Saylors Karen , Fine Amanda , Murray Suzan , Karesh William B. , Daszak Peter , Mazet Jonna A. K. ,   PREDICT Consortium, de Paula Cátia Dejuste , Johnson Christine K.
Published: August 2022

Host-virus associations have co-evolved under ecological and evolutionary selection pressures that shape cross-species transmission and spillover to humans. Observed virus-host associations provide relevant context for newly discovered wildlife viruses to assess knowledge gaps in host-range and estimate pathways for potential human infection. Using models to predict virus-host networks, we predicted the likelihood of humans as hosts for 513 newly discovered viruses detected by large-scale wildlife surveillance at high-risk animal-human interfaces in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Predictions indicated that novel coronaviruses are likely to infect a greater number of host species than viruses from other families. Our models further characterize novel viruses through prioritization scores and directly inform surveillance targets to identify host ranges for newly discovered viruses.
Are nanomaterials leading to more efficient agriculture? Outputs from 2009 to 2022 research metadata analysis
Authors: Santos E. , Montanha G. S. , F. Gomes M. H. , Duran N. M. , Corrêa C. G. , Z. Romeu S. L. , E.S. Pereira A. , Oliveira J. L. , Almeida E. , Pérez-de-Luque A. , Ghoshal S. , Santaella C. , de Lima R. , F. Fraceto L. , P. Carvalho H. W.
Published: August 2022

By compiling quantitative information obtained from 1154 publications, the present study aims at offering an overview on how the interaction between nanomaterials & plants has been approached.
CandyCollect: at-home saliva sampling for capture of respiratory pathogens
Authors: Lee Ulri N. , Su Xiaojing , Hieber Damielle L. , Tu Wan-chen , McManamen Anika M. , Takezawa Meg G. , Hassan Grant W. , Chan Tung Ching , Adams Karen N. , Wald Ellen R. , DeMuri Gregory P. , Berthier Erwin , Theberge Ashleigh B. , Thongpang Sanitta
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a new sample collection platform for a common bacterial infection, group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Electrocatalytic water oxidation enabling the highly selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde
Authors: Li Chenxing , Cheng Qingqing , Wu Chengyu , Wang Qiansen , Hu Weibo , Zou Liangliang , Wen Ke , Yang Hui
Published: August 2022

An electrooxidation strategy, mediated by reactive oxygen species, is proposed to realize the transformation of styrene to benzaldehyde.
Electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes
Authors: Ji Xiao-Shuang , Zuo Hang-Dong , Shen Yi-Ting , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: August 2022

A new electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes with disulfonimides and alcohols is reported, producing a series of functionalized benzofurans under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions.
Probing metal-dependent G-quadruplexes using the intrinsic fluorescence of DNA
Authors: Lopez Anand , Liu Juewen
Published: August 2022

The intrinsic fluorescence of a few G-quadruplex forming DNAs was quenched by Pb2+but enhanced up to 9-fold by K+. Such fluorescence change allowed label-free monitoring of metal binding kinetics, displacement and selectivity.
Phosphine-mediated three-component bioconjugation of amino- and azidosaccharides in ionic liquids
Authors: Hall Yvonne D. , Uzoewulu Chiamaka P. , Nizam Zeinab M. , Ishizawa Seiya , El-Shaffey Hisham M. , Ohata Jun
Published: August 2022

Bioconjugation of carbohydrates has been a challenging task because of their chemical, functional, and structural diversities, and no single chemical modification tool can be universally applicable to all the target substrates in different environments.
Chiral cyclic architectonics with tetraphenylethylenes: conformation immobilization, optical resolution and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Meng Qi , Cui Liwen , Liao Qi , Xu Jian , Wang Yuxiang
Published: August 2022

Chiral cyclic tetraphenylethylenes constructed by cyclization with chiral binaphthols exhibit immobilized helical conformation and circularly polarized luminescence.
The role of attractive and repulsive interactions in the stabilization of ammonium salts structures
Authors: Weimer Gustavo H. , Copetti João P. P. , Orlando Tainára , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Salbego Paulo R. S. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: August 2022

A series of ammonium salts was used to propose a step-by-step approach to obtain the stabilization energy and contact area data of supramolecular clusters in charged molecules. A new parameter was presented to assess the cluster energy efficiency.
The role of Mo species in Ni–Mo catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Huang Weiqiao , Wei Changgeng , Li Yi , Zhang Yongfan , Lin Wei
Published: August 2022

Weak carbon adsorption on Ni–Mox and easy carbon elimination on MoOx@Ni leads to high coke resistance of the Ni/Mo catalyst.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of transition metal kagome metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kang Seungjin , Yu Jaejun
Published: August 2022

From the first-principles calculations, we provide a microscopic understanding of the crystal structure, magnetic ground states, and anisotropy of a series of transition metal atoms and ligands of the two-dimensional kagome metal–organic frameworks.
Understanding the role of flux, pressure and temperature on polymorphism in ThB2O5
Authors: Hao Yucheng , Murphy Gabriel L. , Kegler Philip , Li Yan , Kowalski Piotr M. , Blouin Simon , Zhang Yang , Wang Shuao , Robben Lars , Gesing Thorsten M. , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: August 2022

A new ThB2O4 polymorph, β, was synthesised using two methods, high-pressure/high-temperature and flux growth. The phase relation between the β and known α phases was explored with respect to flux, pressure, and temperature.
The forgotten reagent of photoredox catalysis
Authors: Connell Timothy U.
Published: August 2022

Light is a critical reagent in photochemical synthesis but rarely considered beyond on or off controls. This Frontier article highlights recent examples where photon delivery is controlled, affording unique reactivity.
Highly efficient broadband white-light emission in two-dimensional semi-conductive hybrid lead chlorides
Authors: Wang Yuyin , Sun Chen , Su Bin , Li Xianfeng , Meng Xiangxi , Lou Huiru , Cheng Ziwen , Wang Ying , Lin Guoming
Published: August 2022

Compound [DTHPE]Pb4Cl10 exhibits bright wide-band white-light emission featuring a high PLQE of 8.86% with high anti-water stability and excellent photoelectric response, which makes it a promising candidate in the multifunctional photoelectronic field.
The first synthesis of an isocyanide-functionalized imidazolium salt and transition metal complexes thereof
Authors: Ruiz Javier , Mateo María A.
Published: August 2022

4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)aniline was transformed into an isocyanide-functionalized imidazolium salt, which was used in the sequential synthesis of heterometallic complexes containing a ditopic isocyanide–NHC ligand for the first time.
Investigating the chemical sensitivity of melting in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Bumstead Alice M. , Thorne Michael F. , Sapnik Adam F. , Castillo-Blas Celia , Lampronti Giulio I. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: August 2022

An in-depth comparison of the thermal behaviour of three zni topology ZIFs—ZIF-zni, ZIF-61 and ZIF-zni-NH2—allowed the sensitivity of melting to changes in chemical composition to be investigated.
Heterocycle-containing Noyori–Ikariya catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Khamis Noha , Clarkson Guy J. , Wills Martin
Published: August 2022

Six novel Noyori–Ikariya complexes, containing a heterocyclic group at the sulfonyl position, were used as catalysts for the ATH of ketones. Alcohols were formed in high conversion and ee, including ortho-substituted derivatives.
Synthesis and characterization of rare earth/lithium complexes stabilized by ethylenediamine-bridged bis(phenolate) ligands and their activity in catalyzing amidation reactions
Authors: Ismaeel Nadia , Zhuo Zhixing , Imran Sajid , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: August 2022

RE/Li complexes bearing phenolate ligands have been developed for amidation of aldehydes and amines, generating 58 amides in up to 99% yields. This is the first example of rare-earth-based catalysts for the amidation of primary aliphatic amines.
Inhibiting lattice distortion of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots for solar cells with efficiency over 16.6%
Authors: Jia Donglin , Chen Jingxuan , Zhuang Rongshan , Hua Yong , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: August 2022

A feasible ligand riveting strategy for perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is reported to substantially inhibit the lattice distortion and simultaneously efficiently passivate the surface of PQDs for PQD solar cells with an efficiency of over 16.6%.
In situ construction strategy for three-dimensional Janus cellulose aerogel with highly efficient oil–water separation performance: from hydrophobicity to asymmetric wettability
Authors: Fei Yongsheng , Tan Yujin , Deng Yuyi , Xia Pengzhe , Cheng Jingru , Wang Congcong , Zhang Jingjing , Niu Chenxi , Fu Qian , Lu Lingbin
Published: August 2022

At present, oil pollution on water has caused a disastrous and inestimable impact on the ecological environment and economic development. There is an urgent need for highly efficient materials for oil–water separation.
Enhanced elemental and mineralogical imaging of Cu-mineralized rocks by coupling μ-LIBS and HSI
Authors: Sandoval-Muñoz Claudio , Velásquez Germán , Álvarez Jonnathan , Pérez Francisco , Velásquez Marizú , Torres Sergio , Sbarbaro-Hofer Daniel , Motto-Ros Vincent , Yáñez Jorge
Published: August 2022

Coupling HSI and μ-LIBS for elemental and mineralogical imaging in rocks. Elemental and mineral distribution with micrometric spatial resolution. μ-LIBS was expanded to a new field of molecular imaging.
Solution properties of spherical gold nanoparticles with grafted DNA chains from simulation and theory
Authors: Vargas-Lara Fernando , Starr Francis W. , Douglas Jack F.
Published: August 2022

Theoretically estimated change in hydrodynamic radius of a DNA nanoparticle versus the corresponding simulation estimate based on the program ZENO, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation to generate representative chain configurations.
One-pot synthesis of indole-fused nitrogen heterocycles via the direct C(sp2)–H functionalization of naphthoquinones; accessibility for deep red emitting materials
Authors: Prasanna Kumari Subramaniyan , Philip Anthony Savarimuthu , Selva Ganesan Subramaniapillai
Published: August 2022

A convenient one-pot, two-step methodology was developed for the transformation of readily available planar naphthoquinone derivatives into structurally complex indole-fused nitrogen heterocycles under aerobic conditions.
Efficient synthesis of N-(chloromethyl)nitramines via TiCl4-catalyzed chlorodeacetoxylation
Authors: Gribov Pavel S. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu. , Sheremetev Aleksei B.
Published: August 2022

It is found that TiCl4 is a highly effective catalyst for the synthesis of chloromethyl nitramines under mild conditions.
Preparation and properties of Eu2+/Eu3+ co-activated Ca9Lu(PO4)7 phosphors for multichannel photoluminescence
Authors: Ruan Wenke , Xie Mubiao , Yang Qiaoli , Hu Limin , Su Kangsheng
Published: August 2022

Multichannel photoluminescence control from cyan-to-white-to-red across the white region was achieved by single-phase Ca9Lu(PO4)7:Eu2+,Eu3+ phosphors and Eu2+ → Eu3+ energy transfer.
Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation with CO2 on thiogallates
Authors: Bikbaeva Vera , Perez Olivier , Nesterenko Nikolay , Valtchev Valentin
Published: August 2022

The CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODH-CO2) attracts a lot of research interest since it combines greenhouse gas utilization with the production of valuable chemicals.
Organic conjugated small molecules with donor–acceptor structures: design and application in the phototherapy of tumors
Authors: Lu Bing , Huang Yuying , Zhang Zhecheng , Quan Hui , Yao Yong
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes organic conjugated small-molecule photosensitizers with D–A, D–A–D and A–D–A structures in phototherapy applications, highlighting some effective molecular design strategies and proposing future perspectives and opportunities.
CQDs/ZnO composites based on waste rice noodles: preparation and photocatalytic capability
Authors: Jin Xin-Yan , Ying Wan-Ying , Che Rui-Jie , Xiao Ping , Zhou Yu-Qing , Liu Yan , Liu Meng-Yu , Chen Shuo-Ping
Published: August 2022

A CQDs/ZnO composite based on waste rice noodles displayed a highly efficient photocatalytic degradation effect on various organic pollutants.
Hierarchically porous, biaxially woven carbon nanotube sheet arrays for next-generation anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Sung Yung-Eun , Choi Changsoon
Published: August 2022

A hierarchically porous, biaxially woven carbon nanotube sheet was proposed in a cathode of anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis to increase surface area and enhance transports.
Correction: Effect of structure on oxygen diffusivity in layered oxides: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Kim ChangSub , Park Kyoung-Won , Kalaev Dmitri , Nicollet Clement , Tuller Harry L.
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Effect of structure on oxygen diffusivity in layered oxides: a combined theoretical and experimental study’ by ChangSub Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 15402–15414, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA02580A.
It Takes a Community: How Environmental Systems Construct (In)Competence in Autistic Peer Interactions
Authors: Vidal Veronica G. , Wachholtz Daniela P. , Mattie Laura J. , DeThorne Laura S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to illustrate how environmental systems shape the peer interactions of an autistic student within the classroom.

Method:

Drawing on the bioecological model of human development, this situated discourse analysis used thematic coding and microanalysis to examine data from semistructured interviews and 10 sessions of direct classroom observations of a 9-year-old autistic student and his classroom communication partners.

Results:

Convergent data across participants, time, and data sources revealed the following systemic influences on peer interaction: predominant medicalized view of autism (macrosystem), educational practices (exosystem), misaligned roles across adults and peers in the classroom (mesosystem), and multimodal opportunities for direct interaction that were supported by objects and physical contact and inhibited by rapid pacing (microsystem).

Conclusions:

Findings illustrate the environmental complexities associated with the development of peer interactions for autistic students. We offer explicit clinical implications for how environmental factors can be addressed in the school-based eligibility determination process and in the Individualized Education Program.
Vertically extended and asymmetric CN emission in the Elias 2-27 protoplanetary disk
Authors: Paneque-Carreño T. , Miotello A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Pérez L. M. , Facchini S. , Izquierdo A. F. , Tychoniec L. , Testi L.
Published: August 2022

Context. Cyanide (CN) emission is expected to originate in the upper layers of protoplanetary disks, tracing UV-irradiated regions. This hypothesis, however, has been observationally tested only in a handful of disks. Elias 2-27 is a young star that hosts an extended, bright, and inclined disk of dust and gas. The inclination and extreme flaring of the disk make Elias 2-27 an ideal target to study the vertical distribution of molecules, particularly CN.

Aims. Our aim is to directly trace the emission of CN in the disk around Elias 2-27 and compare it to previously published CO isotopolog data of the system. The two tracers can be combined and used to constrain the physical and chemical properties of the disk. Through this analysis we can test model predictions of CN emission and compare observations of CN in other objects to the massive, highly flared, asymmetric, and likely gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disk around Elias 2-27.

Methods. We analyzed CN N = 3–2 emission in two different transitions J = 7/2–5/2 and J = 5/2–3/2, for which we detect two hyperfine group transitions. The vertical location of CN emission was traced directly from the channel maps, following geometrical methods that had been previously used to analyze the CO emission of Elias 2-27. Simple analytical models were used to parameterize the vertical profile of each molecule and study the extent of each tracer. From the radial intensity profiles we computed radial profiles of column density and optical depth.

Results. We show that the vertical location of CN and CO isotopologs in Elias 2-27 is layered and consistent with predictions from thermochemical models. A north-south asymmetry in the radial extent of the CN emission is detected, which is likely due to shadowing on the north side of the disk. Combining the information from the peak brightness temperature and vertical structure radial profiles, we find that the CN emission is mostly optically thin and constrained vertically to a thin slab at z/r ~ 0.5. A column density of 1014 cm−2 is measured in the inner disk, which for the north side decreases to 1012 cm−2 and for the south side to 1013 cm−2 in the outer regions.

Conclusions. In Elias 2-27, CN traces a vertically elevated region above the midplane, very similar to that traced by 12CO. The inferred CN column densities, low optical depth (τ ≤ 1), and location near the disk surface are consistent with thermo-chemical disk models in which CN formation is initiated by the reaction of N with UV-pumped H2. The observed north–south asymmetry may be caused by either ongoing infall or by a warped inner disk. This study highlights the importance of tracing the vertical location of various molecules to constrain the disk physical conditions.
The BINGO project
Authors: Novaes Camila P. , Zhang Jiajun , de Mericia Eduardo J. , Abdalla Filipe B. , Liccardo Vincenzo , Wuensche Carlos A. , Delabrouille Jacques , Remazeilles Mathieu , Santos Larissa , Landim Ricardo G. , Abdalla Elcio , Barosi Luciano , Queiroz Amilcar , Villela Thyrso , Wang Bin , Costa André A. , Ferreira Elisa G. M. , Marins Alessandro , dos Santos Marcelo V.
Published: August 2022

Context. A new and promising technique for observing the Universe and study the dark sector is the intensity mapping of the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen (H I). The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations [BAO] from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) radio telescope will use the 21 cm line to map the Universe in the redshift range 0.127 ≤ z ≤ 0.449 in a tomographic approach, with the main goal of probing the BAO.

Aims. This work presents the forecasts of measuring the transversal BAO signal during the BINGO phase 1 operation.

Methods. We used two clustering estimators: the two-point angular correlation function (ACF) in configuration space, and the angular power spectrum (APS) in harmonic space. We also used a template-based method to model the ACF and APS estimated from simulations of the BINGO region and to extract the BAO information. The tomographic approach allows the combination of redshift bins to improve the template fitting performance. We computed the ACF and APS for each of the 30 redshift bins and measured the BAO signal in three consecutive redshift blocks (lower, intermediate, and higher) of ten channels each. Robustness tests were used to evaluate several aspects of the BAO fitting pipeline for the two clustering estimators.

Results. We find that each clustering estimator shows different sensitivities to specific redshift ranges, although both of them perform better at higher redshifts. In general, the APS estimator provides slightly better estimates, with smaller uncertainties and a higher probability of detecting the BAO signal, achieving ≳90% at higher redshifts. We investigate the contribution from instrumental noise and residual foreground signals and find that the former has the greater impact. It becomes more significant with increasing redshift, in particular for the APS estimator. When noise is included in the analysis, the uncertainty increases by up to a factor of ∼2.2 at higher redshifts. Foreground residuals, in contrast, do not significantly affect our final uncertainties.

Conclusions. In summary, our results show that even when semi-realistic systematic effects are included, BINGO has the potential to successfully measure the BAO scale at radio frequencies.
Studying a precessing jet of a massive young stellar object within a chemically rich region
Authors: Paron S. , Mast D. , Fariña C. , Areal M. B. , Ortega M. E. , Martinez N. C. , Celis Peña M.
Published: August 2022

Aims. In addition to the large surveys and catalogs of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and outflows, dedicated studies are needed of particular sources in which high angular observations, mainly at near-IR and (sub)millimeter wavelengths, are analyzed in depth, to shed light on the processes involved in the formation of massive stars. The galactic source G079.1272+02.2782 is a MYSO at a distance of about 1.4 kpc that appears in several catalogs, and is hereafter referred to as MYSO G79. It is an ideal source to carry out this kind of study because of its relatively close distance and the intriguing structures that the source shows at near-IR wavelengths.

Methods. Near-IR integral field spectroscopic observations were carried out using NIFS at Gemini North. The spectral and angular resolutions, about 2.4–4.0 Å, and 0.″15–0.″22, allow us to perform a detailed study of the source and its southern jet, resolving structures with sizes between 200 and 300 au. As a complement, millimeter data retrieved from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and the IRAM 30 m telescope databases were analyzed to study the molecular gas around the MYSO on a larger spatial scale.

Results. The detailed analysis of a jet extending southward from MYSO G79 shows corkscrew-like structures at 2.2 μm continuum, strongly suggesting that the jet is precessing. The jet velocity is estimated at between 30 and 43 km s−1 and its kinematics indicates that it is blueshifted, that the jet is coming to us along the line of sight. We suggest that the precession may be produced by the gravitational tidal effects generated in a probable binary system, and we estimate a jet precession period of about 103 yr, indicating a slow-precessing jet, which is in agreement with the observed helical features. An exhaustive analysis of H2 lines at the near-IR band along the jet allows us to investigate in detail a bow shock produced by this jet. We find that this bow shock is indeed generated by a C-type shock and it is observed coming to us, at an inclination angle, along the line of sight. This is confirmed by the analysis of molecular outflows on a larger spatial scale. A brief analysis of several molecular species at millimeter wavelengths indicates a complex chemistry developing at the external layers of the molecular clump in which MYSO G79 is embedded. We note that we are presenting interesting observational evidence that can give support to theoretical models of bow shocks and precessing jets.
Bridging the gap between Monte Carlo simulations and measurements of the LISA Pathfinder test-mass charging for LISA
Authors: Grimani C. , Villani M. , Fabi M. , Cesarini A. , Sabbatini F.
Published: August 2022

Context.Cubic gold-platinum free-falling test masses (TMs) constitute the mirrors of future LISA and LISA-like interferometers for low-frequency gravitational wave detection in space. High-energy particles of Galactic and solar origin charge the TMs and thus induce spurious electrostatic and magnetic forces that limit the sensitivity of these interferometers. Prelaunch Monte Carlo simulations of the TM charging were carried out for the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission, that was planned to test the LISA instrumentation. Measurements and simulations were compared during the mission operations. The measured net TM charging agreed with simulation estimates, while the charging noise was three to four times higher.

Aims.We aim to bridge the gap between LPF TM charging noise simulations and observations.

Methods.New Monte Carlo simulations of the LPF TM charging due to both Galactic and solar particles were carried out with the FLUKA/LEI toolkit. This allowed propagating low-energy electrons down to a few electronvolt.

Results.These improved FLUKA/LEI simulations agree with observations gathered during the mission operations within statistical and Monte Carlo errors. The charging noise induced by Galactic cosmic rays is about one thousand charges per second. This value increases to tens of thousands charges per second during solar energetic particle events. Similar results are expected for the LISA TM charging.
Precise mass determination for the keystone sub-Neptune planet transiting the mid-type M dwarf G 9-40
Authors: Luque R. , Nowak G. , Hirano T. , Kossakowski D. , Pallé E. , Nixon M. C. , Morello G. , Amado P. J. , Albrecht S. H. , Caballero J. A. , Cifuentes C. , Cochran W. D. , Deeg H. J. , Dreizler S. , Esparza-Borges E. , Fukui A. , Gandolfi D. , Goffo E. , Guenther E. W. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning T. , Kabath P. , Kawauchi K. , Korth J. , Kotani T. , Kudo T. , Kuzuhara M. , Lafarga M. , Lam K. W. F. , Livingston J. , Morales J. C. , Muresan A. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Osborne H. L. M. , Parviainen H. , Passegger V. M. , Persson C. M. , Quirrenbach A. , Redfield S. , Reffert S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Serrano L. M. , Tamura M. , Van Eylen V. , Watanabe N. , Osorio M. R. Zapatero
Published: August 2022

Context. Despite being a prominent subset of the exoplanet population discovered in the past three decades, the nature and provenance of sub-Neptune-sized planets is still one of the open questions in exoplanet science.

Aims. For planets orbiting bright stars, precisely measuring the orbital and planet parameters of the system is the best approach to distinguish between competing theories regarding their formation and evolution.

Methods. We obtained 69 new radial velocity observations of the mid-M dwarf G 9–40 with the CARMENES instrument to measure for the first time the mass of its transiting sub-Neptune planet, G 9–40 b, discovered in data from the K2 mission.

Results. Combined with new observations from the TESS mission during Sectors 44, 45, and 46, we are able to measure the radius of the planet to an uncertainty of 3.4% (Rb = 1.900 ± 0.065 R⊕) and determine its mass with a precision of 16% (Mb = 4.00 ± 0.63 M⊕). The resulting bulk density of the planet is inconsistent with a terrestrial composition and suggests the presence of either a water-rich core or a significant hydrogen-rich envelope.

Conclusions. G 9–40 b is referred to as a keystone planet due to its location in period-radius space within the radius valley. Several theories offer explanations for the origin and properties of this population and this planet is a valuable target for testing the dependence of those models on stellar host mass. By virtue of its brightness and small size of the host, it joins L 98-59 d as one of the two best warm (Teq ~ 400 K) sub-Neptunes for atmospheric characterization with JWST, which will probe cloud formation in sub-Neptune-sized planets and break the degeneracies of internal composition models.
Two-Step, One-Pot Pyrrole Synthesis by Iron-Catalyzed ­Carboamination/Copper-Mediated Cyclization
Authors: Murphy Grace K. , Richards Corey A. , Neely Jamie M. , Applegate Seth A.
Published: August 2022

Herein we report a method for pyrrole synthesis via iron-catalyzed carboamination/copper-mediated cyclization that is completely regioselective for the formation of 1,2,4-trisubstituted products. This two-step, one-pot process offers significant improvements to previously reported conditions including the use of a readily available copper(I) source and a markedly less arduous experimental procedure. Exploration of the substrate scope reveals a variety of arylacetylenes undergo pyrrole formation to afford single isomer products. Isotopic labelling data points to a mechanism involving activation of the alkyne moiety by the copper(I) reagent during the cyclization step.
Concise Synthesis of N-Aryl Tetrahydroquinolines via a One-Pot Sequential Reduction of Quinoline/Chan–Evans–Lam Coupling ­Reaction
Authors: Das Animesh , Bhattacharyya Dipanjan , Senapati Siddhartha Kumar
Published: August 2022

A boronic acid catalyzed one-pot reduction of quinolines with Hantzsch ester followed by N-arylation via external base-free Chan–Evans–Lam coupling has been demonstrated. This step-economical synthesis of N-aryl tetrahydroquinolines has been accomplished from readily available quinoline, Hantzsch ester, and arylboronic acid under mild reaction conditions. The dual role of boronic acid as a catalyst (in the reduction of quinolines) and a reagent (in the N-arylation) has been realized for the first time. The use of an inexpensive N-arylation protocol, aerobic reaction conditions, and functional group diversity are important practical features.
A new
μ
-high energy resolution fluorescence detection microprobe imaging spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource beamline 6-2
Authors: Edwards Nicholas P. , Bargar John R. , van Campen Douglas , van Veelen Arjen , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Bergmann Uwe , Webb Samuel M.
Published: August 2022

Here, we describe a new synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) imaging instrument with an integrated High Energy Fluorescence Detection X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) spectrometer at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at beamline 6-2. The X-ray beam size on the sample can be defined via a range of pinhole apertures or focusing optics. XRF imaging is performed using a continuous rapid scan system with sample stages covering a travel range of 250 × 200 mm2, allowing for multiple samples and/or large samples to be mounted. The HERFD spectrometer is a Johann-type with seven spherically bent 100 mm diameter crystals arranged on intersecting Rowland circles of 1 m diameter with a total solid angle of about 0.44% of 4π sr. A wide range of emission lines can be studied with the available Bragg angle range of ∼64.5°–82.6°. With this instrument, elements in a sample can be rapidly mapped via XRF and then selected features targeted for HERFD-XAS analysis. Furthermore, utilizing the higher spectral resolution of HERFD for XRF imaging provides better separation of interfering emission lines, and it can be used to select a much narrower emission bandwidth, resulting in increased image contrast for imaging specific element species, i.e., sparse excitation energy XAS imaging. This combination of features and characteristics provides a highly adaptable and valuable tool in the study of a wide range of materials.
Thickness dependence of metal–insulator transition in SrMoO3 thin films
Authors: Zhu Min , Li Pengfei , Hu Ling , Wei Renhuai , Yang Jie , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: August 2022

We have investigated the thickness-dependent transport properties of SrMoO3 thin films deposited on LaAlO3 substrates. Metal–insulator transitions (MITs) were observed in SrMoO3 thin films with thickness below 10 nm. The low-temperature resistivity of these films can be explained by quantum corrections of the conductivity. An insulating behavior is observed when the thickness becomes 3.5 nm, and the resistivity can be described by the variable range hopping model with 2D fitting. The magneto-transport measurement of an SrMoO3 thin film with small positive magnetoresistance confirms that the driving force behind MIT is the renormalized electron–electron interaction.
Heusler alloy catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Xie Ruikuan , Hou Zhufeng , Chai Guo-Liang
Published: August 2022

Developing efficient catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) to hydrocarbons is becoming increasingly important but still challenging due to their high overpotential and poor selectivity. Here, the famous Heusler alloys are investigated as ECO2RR catalysts for the first time by means of density functional theory calculations. The linear scaling relationship between the adsorption energies of CHO (and COOH) and CO intermediates is broken and, thus, the overpotential can be tuned regularly by chemically permuting different 3d, 4d, or 5d transition metals (TMs) in Heusler alloy Cu2TMAl. Cu2ZnAl shows the best activity among all the 30 Heusler alloys considered in the present study, with 41% improvement in energy efficiency compared to pure Cu electrode. Cu2PdAl, Cu2AgAl, Cu2PtAl, and Cu2AuAl are also good candidates. The calculations on the competition between hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2RR indicate that Cu2ZnAl is also the one having the best selectivity toward hydrocarbons. This work identifies the possibility of applying the Heusler alloy as an efficient ECO2RR catalyst. Since thousands of Heusler alloys have been found in experiments, the present study also encourages the search for more promising candidates in this broad research area.
Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions
Authors: Silvério Tiago , Dias Lília M. S. , Ramalho João F. C. B. , Correia Sandra F. H. , Fu Lianshe , Ferreira Rute A. S. , André Paulo S.
Published: August 2022

Given the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things and because of the concerns around counterfeited goods, secure and resilient cryptographic systems are in high demand. Due to the development of digital ecosystems, mobile applications for transactions require fast and reliable methods to generate secure cryptographic keys, such as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). We demonstrate a compact and reliable photonic PUF device able to be applied in mobile-based authentication. A miniaturized, energy-efficient, and low-cost token was forged of flexible luminescent organic–inorganic hybrid materials doped with lanthanides, displaying unique challenge–response pairs (CRPs) for two-factor authentication. Under laser irradiation in the red spectral region, a speckle pattern is attained and accessed through conventional charge-coupled cameras, and under ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, it displays a luminescent pattern accessed through hyperspectral imaging and converted to a random intensity-based pattern, ensuring the two-factor authentication. This methodology features the use of a discrete cosine transform to enable a low-cost and semi-compact encryption system suited for speckle and luminescence-based CRPs. The PUF evaluation and the authentication protocol required the analysis of multiple CRPs from different tokens, establishing an optimal cryptographic key size (128 bits) and an optimal decision threshold level that minimizes the error probability.
Turbulence tracks recurrent solutions
Authors: Crowley Christopher J. , Pughe-Sanford Joshua L. , Toler Wesley , Krygier Michael C. , Grigoriev Roman O. , Schatz Michael F.
Published: August 2022

Despite a long and rich history of scientific investigation, fluid turbulence remains one of the most challenging problems in science and engineering. One of the key outstanding questions concerns the role of coherent structures that describe frequently observed patterns embedded in turbulence. It has been suggested, but not proved, that coherent structures correspond to unstable, recurrent solutions of the governing equation of fluid dynamics. Here, we present experimental and numerical evidence that three-dimensional turbulent flow tracks, episodically but repeatedly, the spatial and temporal structure of multiple such solutions. Our results provide compelling evidence that coherent structures, grounded in the governing equations, can be harnessed to predict how turbulent flows evolve.
Afrikaans English as a Southern Hemisphere English
Authors: Stell Gerald
Published: August 2022

Afrikaans English is seen as connected to White South African English (WSAfE), a Southern Hemisphere English. What
makes Afrikaans-speakers’ English varieties distinctly WSAfE or distinctly Afrikaans in a context that has seen much convergence
between English and Afrikaans? To answer this question, this study looks at experimental English and Afrikaans phonetic data
simultaneously elicited from an informant sample representing three Afrikaans-speaking populations in Namibia, a former dependency
of South Africa: the Afrikaners, Basters, and Coloureds. By comparing the informants’ English and Afrikaans vowels, the study
establishes that their English varieties display unmistakable WSAfE features, especially found among the Whites, while some of
their English vowels co-vary with their nearest Afrikaans equivalents. While generally showcasing the methodological benefits of
bilingual data elicitation, the study concludes that postcolonial L2 English varieties are likely to mirror change-in-progress
occurring in their historical L1 models, even where access to these models becomes disrupted.
Cryptanalysis of RSA with smooth prime sum
Authors: Semmouni Meryem Cherkaoui , Nitaj Abderrahmane , Belkasmi Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Let N = pq be an RSA modulus with balanced prime factors, that is q < p < 2q. There exist infinitely many integers x, y and z such that ex - ϕ (N ) y = ( p + q -1)z. We show that if the prime sum p + q -1 has only small prime factors and e satisfies an equation of the form ex - ϕ (N ) y = ( p + q -1)z with suitably small integers x, y and Z, then one can factor the RSA modulus in polynomial time. In addition we show that the number of such RSA moduli, as well as the number of exponents that are vulnerable to our attack is non-negligible.
Transient running stability assessment of industrial rotating machinery based on bag of correlated vibration feature representation
Authors: Gui Wei , Chen Xin , Zhou Hao , Yang Shaohua , Lu Guoliang
Published: August 2022

The objective of this paper is to monitor and assess the running stability of industrial machinery operating under transient conditions. A new method called bag of correlated feature representation (BOCFR) is presented in this paper, which aims to extract structural information hidden in the data. At first, the bag-of-words (BoW) model is employed to cluster the collected training samples. For a new observed signal, a correlogram is subsequently constructed with BoW to reflect its dynamic characteristic. Entropy is then calculated, with the aim of periodically analyzing the dynamic characteristics of machine running status over time. Together with BOCFR, a unified framework by means of hypothesis testing is finally proposed, which is evaluated based on simulation scenarios and real-engineering applications: a comparison of results with those of typical techniques demonstrates that the performance of the proposed method is promising.
Tunable force sensor based on carbon nanotube fiber for fine mechanical and acoustic technologies
Authors: Zhilyaeva Maria A , Asiyanbola Oyedamola A , Lomakin Maksim V , Mironov Dima M , Voloskov Boris S , Mikladal Bjørn , Tsetserukou Dzmitry O , Fedorov Fedor S , Vershinina Anna I , Shandakov Sergey D , Nasibulin Albert G
Published: August 2022

Design of new smart prosthetics or robotic grippers gives a major impetus to low-cost manufacturing and rapid prototyping of force sensing devices. In this paper, we examine piezoresistive force sensors based on carbon nanotube fibers fabricated by a novel wet pulling technique. The developed sensor is characterized by an adjustable force range coupled with high sensitivity to enable the detection of a wide range of forces and displacements limited by the experimental setup only. We have demonstrated the applicability of the developed unit in tactile sensing, displacement sensing, and nanophone vibration monitoring system and evaluated its force sensing characteristics, i.e. displacement/force input and resistance/mechanical response. In the experiments it measures 0–115 N force range within 2.5 mm displacement. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates good linearity, low hysteresis, and stability when tested over 10 000 cycles. The developed sensor suits multiple applications in the field of soft and transparent sensors, nanophones, actuators, and other robotics devices for both regular and extreme environments, e.g. deep underwater and radioactive environment.
Multi-peak soliton solutions of the generalized breaking soliton equation
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: August 2022

In this article, we apply the generalized exponential rational function method to find soliton solutions of generalized (3+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, which describes two-dimensional interchange of Riemann wave disseminating alongside y-axis with a long wave disseminating alongside x-axis. As a result, we obtain many soliton solutions to the equation by choosing appropriate parameters. We demonstrate a variety of travelling waves using three-dimensional, two-dimensional and contour plots. We observe that solutions involving parameters can drastically influence the behaviour of solitary waves. Such solutions are applicable to enrich the dynamical study of nonlinear waves in fluid dynamics and other fields of research.
Molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamics calculation on surface segregation in Ni-Cu nano-films under stress
Authors: Lian Songyou , Wang Jiangyong , Swart Hendrik C , Terblans Jacobus J
Published: August 2022

The surface segregation of Cu atoms in a Ni-Cu system was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to verify the results of the molecular dynamics simulations. For the thermodynamic calculations, a model for evaluating the influence of stress on surface segregation was developed using the modified Darken model in combination with the broken-bond model. Using molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the enrichment of Cu atoms occurred for a free-standing Ni-10 at.% Cu film consisting of 20 layers. Simultaneously, the stress distribution across the Ni-Cu thin film is obtained. The thermodynamic calculation results show that the influence of stress on the surface segregation cannot be ignored because of the considerable surface stress. Surface tension stress promotes the surface segregation of copper in Cu-Ni alloys due to the larger lattice parameter of copper than nickel, which leads to the reduction of surface strain energy. When the thickness is greater than 31 nm (or the number of layers exceeds 89), the size effect disappears, i.e., the surface concentration doesn’t increase with the increase of thickness. The calculation results obtained by the Bragg-William equation used for the surface segregation in equilibrium are in good agreement with the thermodynamic calculation and molecular dynamics simulation results.
A simple green synthesis of pure and sterling silver nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in deionized water: characterization and comparison
Authors: Aman Abdul Waheed , Omar Muhammad Firdaus , Samavati Alireza , Krishnan Ganesan
Published: August 2022

Pure silver (Ag) and its alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with intense and tunable SPR bands in the visible region are widely exploited for biosensors, information storage, and solar energy systems. Pure Ag and Sterling silver (Ag92.5Cu7.5) NPs were synthesized by the laser ablation method in deionized water using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The prepared NPs were characterized and compared for their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results revealed that the NPs have polycrystalline nature with five lattice directions. The diffraction peak positions for Ag92.5Cu7.5 NPs exhibited an average redshift of 0.1 ̊ compared to pure Ag NPs due to the presence of copper atoms in the composite crystal unit cell structure. The formation of spherical NPs with an average size of 9.1 nm and 8.4 nm for Ag and Ag92.5Cu7.5 NPs was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). It was found that the concentration of synthesized Ag92.5Cu7.5 alloy NPs was considerably higher than that of pure Ag NPs. Going from pure to alloy silver NPs, the wavelength of surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peak shifted from 400 nm to 395 nm. The UV–vis absorption spectra at different aging times revealed that pure Ag colloidal solution is relatively stable. Both colloidal solutions exhibited a similar pattern of photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra with peaks in the blue region.
Dilaton-axion inflation with PBHs and GWs
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei
Published: August 2022

We discuss two-stage dilaton-axion inflation models [1] and describe α-attractor models with either exponential or polynomial approach to the plateau.
We implement one of the models of primordial black hole production proposed in [2] in the α-attractor context, and develop its supergravity version. The predictions of this model following from its polynomial attractor properties are: ns
and r are α-independent, r depends on the mass parameter μ defining the approach to the plateau. The tachyonic instability at the transition point between the two stages of inflation is proportional to the negative curvature of the hyperbolic space ℛK
= -2/3α. Therefore
the masses of primordial black holes (PBHs) and the frequencies of small-scale gravitational waves (GWs) in this model show significant dependence on α.
Abnormal magnetoresistance effect in the Nb/Si superconductor–semiconductor heterojunction
Authors: Hu Zhi-Wei , Qiu Xiang-Gang
Published: August 2022

Ultrathin superconducting Nb films of about 8 nm thick have been deposited on heavily doped Si substrates through DC magnetron sputtering and then the high-quality Nb/Si superconductor–semiconductor heterojunctions have been fabricated by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. An abnormal magnetoresistance effect, which manifests itself as a zero field resistance peak under a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the interface, has been distinctly observed when the Nb film is in the superconductiing state. By considering the heterojunction interface being equivalent to the structure of superconductor–barrier layer–superconductor configuration, we could generally understand this unusual effect based on the Andreev reflection mechanism. Our results can be of help for the future development on compatibility and scalability of the silicon-based nanoscale superconducting devices for integrated circuits and superconducting quantum electronics.