bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the annual cycle of daily Antarctic sea ice extent
Authors: Handcock Mark S. , Raphael Marilyn N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The total Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) experiences a distinct annual cycle, peaking in September and reaching its minimum in February. In this
paper we propose a mathematical and statistical decomposition of this temporal variation in
SIE. Each component is interpretable and, when combined,
gives a complete picture of the variation in the sea ice. We consider timescales varying from the instantaneous and not previously defined to the
multi-decadal curvilinear trend, the longest. Because our representation is daily, these timescales of variability give precise information about the
timing and rates of advance and retreat of the ice and may be used to diagnose physical contributors to variability in the sea ice. We define
a number of annual cycles each capturing different components of variation, especially the yearly amplitude and phase that are major contributors to
SIE variation. Using daily sea ice concentration data, we show that our proposed invariant annual cycle explains 29 % more of the variation in
daily SIE than the traditional method. The proposed annual cycle that incorporates amplitude and phase variation explains 77 % more variation than
the traditional method. The variation in phase explains more of the variability in SIE than the amplitude. Using our methodology, we show that the
anomalous decay of sea ice in 2016 was associated largely with a change of phase rather than amplitude. We show that the long term trend in
Antarctic sea ice extent is strongly curvilinear and the reported positive linear trend is small and dependent strongly on a positive trend that
began around 2011 and continued until 2016.
Whipple disease mimicking inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tatsuki Maiko , Ishige Takashi , Igarashi Yoshiko , Hatori Reiko , Hokama Akira , Hirato Junko , Muise Aleixo , Takizawa Takumi , Arakawa Hirokazu
Published: July 2020

Whipple disease is a systemic chronic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Although chronic diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal symptom, diagnosis is often difficult because there are no specific endoscopic findings, and the pathogen is not detectable by stool culture. We present a female patient with Whipple disease who developed chronic bloody diarrhea and growth retardation at the age of 4 years. Colonoscopy showed a mildly edematous terminal ileum and marked erythema without vascular patterns throughout the sigmoid colon and rectum. Subsequently, a primary diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made. Histopathological analysis of the terminal ileum showed the presence of foamy macrophages filled with periodic acidSchiff-positive particles. Polymerase chain reaction using DNA from a terminal ileum biopsy sample amplified a fragment of 16S rRNA from T. whipplei. Antibiotic treatment relieved the patient’s symptoms. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the present case. Since Whipple disease worsens after anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy, considering this infection in the differential diagnosis may be important in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially before initiation of immunotherapy.
Analysis of the ABO and RH (D) Blood Groups Among Third Year Integrated Science Education Students of the University of Education, Winneba
Authors: Koomson C. K. , Owusu-Fordjour C. , Afari-Baidoo M. , Biritwum C. A.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to get an information about the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood group, among the Education students of the University of Education, Winneba. Also it is a need for routine screening for hemolysin among blood group O, if found to be high, as well as to institute donor registry for Rhesus negative blood group, if found to be low. Records of ABO and Rhesus blood grouped results of students were screened in November 2019. Data were analyzed by the use of the software Epi info, version 5.3.4. Descriptive statistics were used to compute percentages and averages. Results are presented in tables and charts, and expressed as percentages/ proportions, and means. One hundred and sixty-six results were obtained, made up of 132 males and 34 females. Among the population studied, blood group O had the highest frequency, 93 (56%), followed by blood group A, 39 (23.5%), then B, 29 (17.5%), while AB had the least frequency, 5 (3%). Most of students were found to be Rhesus positive (92.2%) while Rhesus negative were only 7.8%. Blood group O was found to be highest among the study population followed by A, B and AB in that order. Most of the students were found to be Rhesus positive while only a few were Rhesus negative. Routine screening for hemolysin among blood group O and institution of donor registry is recommended.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la sepsis neonatal en el hospital Nuevo Amanecer
Authors: Ocampo Willis Dionicio Luis , Charle Roland Alexander  , Allen Teisey Teresa 
Published: July 2020

A fin de contribuir al fortalecimiento de la atención integral a los recién nacidos (Neonatos), se realizó este estudio titulado: Factores de riesgos asociados a las sepsis neonatales en el hospital Nuevo Amanecer, durante enero-diciembre 2013. El estudio fue cuali-cuantitaivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, con resultados más destacados, siendo la edad materna con 66% entre edades de 20-34 años, según la etnia predominan las madres miskitus en un 68%, en el estado civil madres de unión libre fueron mayoritarias con 42%, en cuanto a los factores maternos se destaca como IVU (infecciones de vías urinarias) con 31%, madres que cursaron con pre-eclampsia con 22%, así mismo los factores de riesgo más frecuentes como bajo peso al nacer con 45%, y seguido de prematuro de 29%, en cuanto  a los factores de riesgo relacionadas al parto no son relevantes en nuestro medio ya que en la sala de labor y parto se cumple con la normativa de asepsia y antisepsia, y se realiza buena técnica de lavado de la región vulvo perineal, previo a la atención del parto, tomando en cuenta estos resultados se realizó recomendaciones a diferentes niveles como el Hospital Nuevo Amanecer, SILAIS y también a las usuarias de los diferentes servicios de salud.
Recursos que podem apoiar o bibliotecário no combate às Fake News nas mídias sociais
Authors: Neves Barbara Coelho
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Este artigo aborda as Fake News no contexto das mídias sociais. Objetivos: Teve como objetivo geral identificar os principais recursos que podem apoiar o bibliotecário no combate às Fake News nas mídias sociais. Os objetivos específicos pretenderam definir as mídias sociais, redes sociais e as relações com as Fake News, e discutir a propagação e os resultados das Fake News no viés político. Método: A metodologia é composta por pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, com método descritivo, do tipo bibliográfica e levantamento. Resultados: Para apoiar as ações dos bibliotecários no combate às Fake News propagadas no meio digital, destacam-se três recursos: estímulo do debate crítico, alfabetização midiática e estratégias metacognitivas. Conclusão: Conclui-se alertando para a importância de se considerar tais recursos e conhecer as ações legislativas em tramitação.
O audiovisual jornalístico da TV Pública nas mídias sociais: possibilidades e desafios para a divulgação científica
Authors: Santos Vanessa Matos , Oliveira Carolina Rodrigues , Freitas Cindy Figueiredo , Vieira Valquíria
Published: July 2020

Introdução: O cenário de convergência tecnológica impõe desafios e, ao mesmo tempo, abre possibilidades de disponibilização de conteúdo jornalístico para públicos diversos. Destacam-se, neste cenário, as mídias sociais como novos espaços de prática jornalística por parte das TVs públicas no Brasil. Objetivos: Nesse sentido, a análise aqui apresentada focaliza o caso da TV Universitária da Fundação Rádio e Televisão Universitária de Uberlândia. Metodologia: Monitoramento realizado no Facebook da emissora para seleção e posterior análise de três reportagens com o respaldo metodológico do endereçamento. Resultados: embora ainda não exista um formato audiovisual específico para mídias sociais, a disseminação de conteúdos por meio destes espaços configura-se como uma nova estratégia divulgação científica e jornalística para públicos cada vez mais heterogêneos.
PREVALÊNCIA DE Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) EM CÃES DE UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO NÃO GOVERNAMENTAL DO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BRASIL
Authors: Caye Pâmela , Novo Tatiane Schmitt Tavares , Cavalcanti Guilherme Albuquerque de Oliveira , Rappeti Josaine Cristina da Silva
Published: July 2020

A dioctofimatose é a doença causada por Dioctophyme renale, um nematódeo de carnívoros, que afeta principalmente o rim direito dos animais. A doença tem como transmissão o consumo do hospedeiro intermediário (Lumbriculus variegatus) e dos hospedeiros paratênicos (peixes, sapos e rãs). A diagnóstico é realizado, principalmente, através de exame de sedimento urinário e ultrassonografia. A doença costuma representar uma baixa casuística nas populações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma investigação ultrassonográfica da prevalência de dioctofimatose em cães de uma Organização Não Governamental do sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. Foram examinados 63 cães, fêmeas e machos, onde se encontrou uma prevalência da doença de 11,11%. Através de análise estatística com o método de Qui-quadrado, não houve diferenças entre sexo, raça ou idade dos animais afetados. Seis pacientes continham exemplares de Dioctophyme renale no rim direito e um paciente apresentou o parasito livre na cavidade abdominal. Os animais tinham histórico de viver em ambiente com más condições de vida, favorecendo a disseminação da doença. É possível concluir que em populações de risco a dioctofimatose pode apresentar alta prevalência.
O USO DA BIXINA COMO ANTIOXIDANTE NATURAL EM DIETAS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE FORMULADAS COM ÓLEO DE SOJA FRESCO OU OXIDADO
Authors: Golin Luiggi Fabiana Golin , Dante Gavasso Pacheco Peterson , Mondini Calil Racanicci Aline , De Souza Miranda Muynarsk Elisângela , Pereira Sartori Marcia Maria , Sartori José Roberto
Published: July 2020

A adição de óleos e gorduras na dieta de frangos de corte é bastante comum, uma vez que esses ingredients são boas fontes de energia. No entanto, estes ingredientes sofrem facilmente deterioração através da oxidação lipídica, e o consumo de alimentos ou ingredientes oxidados pode prejudicar o desempenho dos frangos de corte. Com o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes da bixina adicionada à dieta de frangos de corte formulada com óleo de soja fresco ou oxidado, foi realizado um experiment com 1000 frangos de corte, machos, de 1 dia de idade, Ross 308. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e disposto em fatorial 3 × 2 + 2, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições de 25 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram 1) Dieta basal (DB) + óleo de soja fresco (OF); 2) DB + óleo de soja oxidado (OO); 3) DB + OF + 0,05% de bixina; 4) DB + OO + 0,05% de bixina; 5) DB + FO + 0,10% de bixina; 6) DB + OO + 0,10% de bixina; 7) DB + FO + BHT (controle positivo 1); e 8) DB + OO + BHT (controle positivo 2). Apesar de terem sido observados efeitos antioxidantes na carne de peito e coxa em alguns momentos, a bixina não pode ser recomendada como uma alternativa natural ao BHT. A inclusão de bixina na dieta dos frangos de corte melhorou a conversão alimentar e reduziu a gordura abdominal, contudo, o uso desse aditivo e de outros carotenóides na dieta dos frangos de corte exige cautela, uma vez que o excesso pode apresentar efeito negativo na qualidade da carne, aumentando a oxidação lipídica devido ao efeito pró-oxidante, e reduzindo a shelf-life. O uso de óleo de soja oxidado degomado prejudica a conversão alimentar e aumenta a deposição de gordura abdominal em frangos de corte.
O direito à qualidade da/na educação Infantil: entre a maximização do direito e as intencionalidades do privado
Authors: Bortot Camila Maria , Scaff Elisangela Alves da Silva
Published: July 2020

O presente texto objetiva analisar a qualidade como princípio do Direito à Educação Infantil, a fim de compreender as intencionalidades no debate entre o público e privado. Por meio de um estudo bibliográfico e documental, tivemos por problemática: quais os fundamentos e implicações sobre à qualidade da Educação Infantil entre o público e o privado? Apresentamos a qualidade como princípio do Direito à Educação Infantil na perspectiva maximizadora e como ela vem sendo detalhada pelas bases legais. Nesse contexto, a Nova Gestão Pública se destaca e o diálogo com o Terceiro Setor se acirra. Dessa forma, analisamos as intencionalidades e encaminhamentos do privado por meio do documento “Educação Infantil em debate: a experiência de Portugal e a realidade brasileira”, produzido pela Fundação Maria Cecília Souto Vidigal e pela Fundação Itaú Social, em 2014. Concluímos que as intencionalidades propaladas não convergem com a preocupação com a qualidade do atendimento educativo que será oferecido, nem com o nível de formação dos que estiverem envolvidos em sua consecução, muito menos com as características específicas do contexto brasileiro. O que se apresentam são enunciados à implementação das parcerias público-privadas para a oferta das políticas sociais focalizadas, contrapondo a toda discussão levantada sobre a maximização do conceito de qualidade, sobretudo para as crianças de zero a três anos.
Anti-personnel Landmines in Modern Armed Conflicts. Legal Regulations and the Scope of Application
Authors: Kubiak Mariusz
Published: July 2020

The aim of the research presented in the article is both to describe and analyse the problem of use of the anti-personnel mines in armed conflicts and the subsequent effects that landmines, in particular anti-personnel mines, have on human health and life. The article discusses a number of problems to solve related to the land mine use long after the end of the armed conflict. The basic source of knowledge concerning legal regulations determining the use of anti-personnel mines are international conventions. In Polish scientific literature, it is difficult to find materials that contain, apart from the contents of the documents themselves, comments and interpretations on the application of international law. In order to explore the above-mentioned issues, it was necessary to make use of the studies of international organizations. The issue of anti-personnel landmine threat and the support to their victims is widely presented in the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), human rights organizations, and others.
The Study on Nonlinear Model of Pantograph-catenary Coupling system for Straddle-type Monorail
Authors: DU Zixue , YANG Zhen , XU Zhouzhou , ZHOU* Junchao , HOU Zhongwei
Published: July 2020

Based on the Lagrange equation, the linear and nonlinear dynamic models of straddle monorail pantograph considering the lateral vibration of bogie are derived. On this basis, the lateral coupling dynamic model of pantograph-catenary is established. Newmark method is used to solve the pantograph-catenary coupling dynamic model. In order to evaluate the applicability of the two models，this paper analyzed the contact force response of two model with different speeds. The reasearch show that when the speed is below 40 km/h, the contact forces of nonlinear model and linear model can reflects the lateral excitation of the finger plate. When the speed exceeds 40 km/h, only the nonlinear model can reflect the lateral excitation of finger palte, the nonlinear pantograph-catenary coupling dynamics model is more suitable to the straddle-type monorail pantograph-catenary coupling research.
Associative Experiment in the Study of Sociocultural Stereotype
Authors: Lyubymova Svitlana
Published: July 2020

As complex phenomena of social and cultural experience, sociocultural stereotypes manifest in behav­ioural, material and verbal spheres. Notable advances in the study of various aspects of sociocultur­al stereotypes in humanities have not eliminated the necessity of their study in research paradigm of cognitive-linguistics that incorporates psycholinguistic methods within interpretative framework. An in-depth study of sociocultural stereotypes requires rigorous empirical investigation of language evidence received from competent speakers in experimental situations. The experimental work provides a high level of empirical accuracy to verify emotional evaluation and pragmatic presuppositions conveyed by sociocultural stereotypes. The aim of this study was to unveil the meaning of a sociocultural stereotype flapper in contemporary culture and to model its cognitive structure on results of associative exper­iment. This sociocultural stereotype was chosen for its importance in changing standards of women behaviour in modern American culture. Flappers were young and daring American women, whose look and behaviour were criticised rigorously by traditionalists. An associative experiment conducted in the Lock Heaven College of Pennsylvania University showed the stereotype of flappers, though emerged in 1920s, still exists in national consciousness as a stereotypical image and a symbol of the epoch. The work contributes to the methodology of systematising experimental data in cognitive-linguistic research.
Twist Endings
Authors: Strank Willem
Published: July 2020

Die Studie geht den Ursprüngen des Phänomens des Twist Endings, also der überraschenden Wendung einer Filmerzählung auf den Grund und beschreibt seine Entwicklung und Funktionsweise anhand zahlreicher Beispiele.

In einer theoretischen Auseinandersetzung wird beleuchtet, dass es sich beim Twist Ending gleichermaßen um einen dramaturgischen Handgriff wie um eine erzählerische Variante des überraschenden Endes allgemein handelt.
Das Drama der Identität im Film
Authors: Weidenfeld Nathalie
Published: July 2020

Das klassische Hollywood-Kino funktioniert nach festen dramaturgischen Regeln, die sich von denen des modernen europäischen art-house Film unterscheiden, insbesondere sind die «Helden» der Filme weniger klar bestimmte Charaktere.
Transmediale Texturen
Authors: Preußer Heinz Peter
Published: July 2020

Der Titel verspricht zum einen die Überschreitung oder Entgrenzung medialer Fixierungen. Zum anderen aber macht er auf den textuellen Zusammenhang aufmerksam, der alle Medien-Produktionen verbindet. Genau dies ist der Anspruch des vorliegenden Bandes. Er setzt sich einerseits über die etablierten Grenzen der Medien und Künste, der Gattungen und Genres hinweg; er erweitert aber andererseits auch den gewohnten Rahmen der Einzelbetrachtung, indem er kulturwissenschaftliche Diskurse und Diskussionen über die Fächer hinweg zulässt und forciert.
Friktionen des Terrors.
Authors: Richter-Hansen Tullio
Published: July 2020

In Erweiterung des 9/11- und Anti-Terrorismus-Diskurses untersucht diese filmwissenschaftliche Studie die Inszenierung, Produktion und Rezeption des US-Spielfilms im Jahrzehnt nach den Anschlägen des 11. Septembers 2001. Mit der Dekonstruktion medialer Darstellungen von ‹Terror› wird gleichzeitig eine grundsätzliche Theorie zur Relation von Kino und Zeitgeschichte entwickelt.
Verheißungen des Nordens
Authors: Gremler Claudia
Published: July 2020

Die Autorin analysiert eine repräsentative Auswahl der zahlreichen (postmodernen) Romane und Filme, die in den letzten Jahrzehnten entstanden sind und sich kreativ mit dem europäischen Norden aus deutscher Perspektive auseinandersetzen.
Histopathologic Assessment of Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go
Authors: Smith Maxwell L. , Hariri Lida P. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Dacic Sanja , Attanoos Richard , Borczuk Alain , Colby Thomas V. , Cooper Wendy , Jones Kirk D. , Leslie Kevin O. , Mahar Annabelle , Larsen Brandon T. , Cavazza Alberto , Fukuoka Jun , Roden Anja C. , Sholl Lynette M. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Churg Andrew , Beasley Mary Beth
Published: July 2020

Context.—

Accurate diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) requires multidisciplinary diagnosis that includes clinical, radiologic, and often pathologic assessment. In 2018, the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and the Latin American Thoracic Society (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT) and the Fleischner Society each published guidelines for the diagnosis of IPF, which include criteria for 4 categories of confidence of a histologic usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern.

Objective.—

To (1) identify the role of the guidelines in pathologic assessment of UIP; (2) analyze the 4 guideline categories, including potential areas of difficulty; and (3) determine steps the Pulmonary Pathology Society and the greater pulmonary pathology community can take to improve current guideline criteria and histopathologic diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.

Data Sources.—

Data were derived from the guidelines, published literature, and clinical experience.

Conclusions.—

Both guidelines provide pathologists with a tool to relay to the clinician the likelihood that a biopsy represents UIP, and serve as an adjunct, not a replacement, for traditional histologic diagnosis. There are multiple challenges with implementing the guidelines, including (1) lack of clarity on the quantity and quality of histologic findings required, (2) lack of recognition that histologic features cannot be assessed independently, and (3) lack of guidance on how pathologists should incorporate clinical and radiographic information. Current criteria for “probable UIP” and “indeterminate for UIP” hinder accurate reflection of the likelihood of IPF. These challenges highlight the need for further morphologic-based investigations in the field of pulmonary pathology.
European cooperation in vocational education and training: towards a common ambition
Authors: Psifidou Irene , Ranieri Antonio
Published: July 2020

As the policy cycle for European cooperation in vocational education and training (VET) is coming to an end in 2020, the need for high-skilled labour is increasingly seen as paramount to ensure future sustainable and inclusive development in Europe. Drawing on Cedefop review and analysis of VET policies and their implementation, this article provides a brief overview of the progress made so far, areas of weakness, and persistent and new challenges ahead. Analysis confirms the gradual but continuous progress being made over the last decade despite the years spent in the long shadow of the financial crisis and the consequent economic and political uncertainty affecting many European countries. While participation to and, importantly, quality of VET varies across national systems, most Member States have progressed towards the achievements set in the Bruges Communique in 2010. This includes improved transparency, quality assurance and permeability of national qualification systems, as well as the enhanced responsiveness of VET provision to labour market needs through the wider recognition of the role of work-based learning and apprenticeship schemes. What is apparent today, more than ever before, is that the European institutional and policy framework represents a unique strength for Member States to focus on the big picture over the long term and make the most of the opportunities that an enhanced cooperation among national systems may offer to improve the overall performance, quality and attractiveness of VET in Europe.
GPS: Working Backward with Data
Authors: Enlow Matt , Özgün-Koca S. Asli
Published: July 2020

This month's Growing Problem Solvers focuses on Data Analysis across all grades beginning with visual representations of categorical data and moving to measures of central tendency using a “working backwards” approach.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Katt Susie , Korponic Megan
Published: July 2020

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varied, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK-12, arranged in order of grade level. Answers to the problems are available online.
Personality functioning scale: A scale to assess DSM-5’s Criterion A personality disorders
Authors: Stover Juliana Beatriz , Liporace Mercedes Fernández , Castro Solano Alejandro
Published: July 2020

The Section III on Emerging Measures and Models included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, introduces a hybrid alternative approach, dimensional-categorical, to diagnose personality disorders. The Criterion A establishes the assessment of the impairment in personality functioning in terms of two dimensions: self and interpersonal. The present study was aimed at developing a short scale to measure both dimensions. The sample was composed of 342 adults from Buenos Aires city and its outskirts, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years old (M = 39.90, SD = 13.75). Data were gathered using the Personality Functioning Scale, developed in this study, as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Symptom Check List-27. A principal components analysis conducted on 28 items found 2 factors, interpersonal and self. Internal consistency, estimated by ordinal Alphas, achieved values between .92 and .86 whilst Cronbach’s Alphas were .88 and .87. Significant and positive correlations between the Personality Functioning Scale scores on the one hand, and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form scores and the Symptom Check List-27 score on the other, were found. Negative correlations between PFS scores and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were calculated. As a result, a short scale with adequate psychometric features, suitable to assess Criterion A in adult Argentinian population has been developed.
Por uma epistemologia sul-americana com base nas culturas afro-brasileiras: um debate sobre o ensino culturalmente relevante nas escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Guimarães Teixeira do Amaral Mônica , Galvão de Siqueira Junior Kleber
Published: July 2020

Boaventura Santos (2000, 2017) propõe a reinvenção da emancipação social a partir de uma ecologia de saberes e de conceitos não hegemônicos, definidas como epistemologias do sul, contrapondo-as às monoculturas do saber eurocentrado, visto como ineficaz para a superação das condições sociais e econômicas que oprimem grande parte da população mundial. Neste artigo, pretende-se tensionar alguns conceitos ligados à teoria crítica, como a luta pelo reconhecimento das populações historicamente prejudicadas (HONNETH, 2009), aproximando-os do contexto educacional brasileiro, à luz de teorias afrocentradas. Com base na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida por meio de docências compartilhadas com professoras de escolas do ensino fundamental público de São Paulo-SP, propomo-nos a refletir sobre o potencial emancipatório da pedagogia hip-hop, apresentada por Hill (2014), para o ensino de história afro-brasileira e africana, como forma de repensar a prática docente, bem como as estratégias de ensino, com um olhar atento para as marcas deixadas pela ideologia do embranquecimento (MUNANGA, 2004) no ensino brasileiro. Discorre-se ainda sobre a história do movimento hip-hop e da gênese dos raps socialmente engajados de maneira a evidenciar o processo de escolha de uma estratégia de ensino de história da África e afro-brasileira culturalmente relevante a partir das letras de rap selecionadas.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RULE BASED SYSTEM TO VALIDATE AN EDUCATIONAL SURVEY IN A LIKERT SCALE
Authors: ESPINO ROMÁN PIERO , DAVIZON CASTILLO YASSER , OLAGUEZ TORRES EUGENIA , GAMEZ WILSON JESUS ARMANDO , SAID ALEJANDRO , HERNANDEZ SANTOS CARLOS
Published: July 2020

This technical note presents a rule-based system that validates the results provided from a survey in a Likert scale, which measures the knowledge of physical phenomena in elementary school students.
Keywords: Rule based system, teaching, learning.
Danmark som arktisk stormagt
Authors: Breum Martin
Published: July 2020

Martin Breum skriver om Danmark som arktisk stormagt
Rigsfællesskabet i multilateralt arktisk forskningssamarbejde
Authors: Bertelsen Rasmus Gjedssø , Rasch Morten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Videnskabsdiplomati i Arktis – et udenrigspolitisk værktøj
Authors: Gleerup Maria Tammelin
Published: July 2020

Temaet afsluttes med de tre vinderartikler fra Det Udenrigspolitiske Selskabs og Udenrigs- ministeriets artikelkonkurrence, der netop havde Arktis som emne.
Hvad nu, Sydafrika?
Authors: Elklit Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Artikel om Sydafrika, der ikke er blevet den regnbuenation, man drømte om i 1994.
Er det liberale demokrati i krise?
Authors: Mchangama Jacob
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Mød millennials - generationen, der vil forandre verden
Authors: Rubin Marcus
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kinas nye energisamarbejde
Authors: Hvidt Martin
Published: July 2020

Kinas økonomi boomer. For at imødekomme den stigende efterspørgsel har Kina etableret en ny og aktiv Mellemøstpolitik, der skal sikre landets næsten umættelige energibehov.
Den arabiske “reformbølge”: Tilfældet Marokko
Authors: Funder Hansen Gunna
Published: July 2020

Politiske reformer er i disse år nærmest blevet dagens orden i den arabiske verden. Marokko er et oplagt, men mindre velbelyst eksempel på denne udvikling.
Atlantisk symbiose eller EU-splittelse
Authors: Krogh Torben
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Anmeldelse: Arven efter osmannerne
Authors: Floryan Jan Jakob
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Angela Merkel: Tysklands kansler – Europa leder?
Authors: Kornelius Stefan
Published: July 2020

Journalist Stefan Kornelius fra Suddeutsche Zeitung stiller skarpt på personen og politikeren Angela Merkel, der skal styre Tyskland sikkert frem til en ny plads i verdensordenen.
Anmeldelse: Den lille bestyrerinde – Stalins datter Svetlana
Authors: Floryan Jan Jakob S.
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Nyt styre i Mauretanien
Authors: Funder Hansen Gunna
Published: July 2020

I begyndelsen af august i år blev præsidenten i Mauretanien væltet ved et militærkup. Hvad var baggrunden for kuppet? Hvordan reagerede det internationale samfund og den mauretanske befolkning? Og hvad betyder kuppet for Mauretaniens fremtid?
Separatisme, terrorisme, banditisme
Authors: Libak Anna
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
En rejse fra Dayton til Bruxelles
Authors: Jørgensen Finn
Published: July 2020

Dayton-fredsaftalen i november 1995 afsluttede den blodige krig i Bosnien, men den skabte også en ineffektiv stat uden enhed. Blikket rettes nu mod Bruxelles for at komme videre, men det kræver en helt ny forfatning.
Da Frankrig brændte
Authors: Pedersen Connie
Published: July 2020

Efteråret 2005 blev varmt i Frankrig. I ghettofor- stæderne til Paris og de store provinsbyer gjorde unge anden-og tredjegenerationsindvandrere oprør. De er desperate og føler sig lukket ude af det franske samfund.
Kosovo - en tvivlsom proces
Authors: Hjortsø Thomas
Published: July 2020

Forhandlinger om en ny stat i Europa er nu gået i gang, efter at det internationale samfund er besluttet på at få afklaret Kosovos fremtidige status. Så besluttet, at FN-rapporten, der banede vej for forhandlinger, ligner bestillingsarbejde.
Valgprocessen i Afghanistan 2004-2005
Authors: Elklit Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Aktivt dansk engagement
Authors: Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Surgical techniques for Bone Biopsy in Diabetic Foot Infection, and association between results and treatment duration
Authors: Senneville Eric , Joulie Donatienne , Blondiaux Nicolas , Robineau Olivier
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Surgery is an important part of the management of patients diagnosed with DFO. It consists in some selected patients, to remove all or part of the infected bone(s) or even to amputate all or part of the foot. Despite the use of sophisticated imaging techniques, it is however difficult to remove all the infected tissue while respecting the principles of an economical surgery. Bone biopsy performed at the margins of the resection permits to identify residual osteomyelitis and to adjust the post-surgical antibiotic treatment. Some recent studies have reported the way to perform bone margin biopsies and have assessed the impact of the bone results on the patient's outcome. However, the real impact of a residual osteomyelitis on the risk of recurrent DFO is still debated and questions regarding the interpretation of the results remain to be solved. Similarly, the consequences in terms of choice and duration of the antimicrobial treatment to use in case of positive bone margin are not clearly established.
Los campesinos de la Amazonia noroccidental colombiana: entre la coca, el conflicto y la construcción de paz
Authors: Unigarro Caguasango Daniel Esteban
Published: July 2020

The signing of the Peace Agreement between the national Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was seen as an opportunity to improve the living conditions of the peasants of the northwestern Colombian Amazon. These peasants occupied the region through a long process of colonization and ended up being involved in the dynamics of coca growing and the armed conflict. However, when some rural inhabitants of the departmental capital, San José del Guaviare, were asked what they expected from the ensuing peace building, some uncertainty was perceived regarding their possibilities of remaining in the territory, given the lack of productive alternatives and the overlapping of management structures such as the Amazon Forest Reserve, the Nukak Indigenous Reservation and the Peasant Reserve Zone. To reveal the current situation of the peasants of Guaviare, in addition to the documentary research, which provided a better understanding of the processes of peasant colonization of the forest environment, the ethnographic fieldwork, carried out during three short stays in six villages and in a former Territorial Space for Training and Reincorporation (TSTR), made it possible to understand the different realities of the rural territory, through informal conversations, open interviews, and workshops involving the community. The results of the research reveal that the inhabitants who, decades ago, settled in the rural area of San José del Guaviare, including the former FARC combatants, are peasants who wish to live in peace, despite the historical difficulties associated with its occupation. To be able to do so, the formalization of land tenure and rural productivity must be guaranteed. The contribution of this article lies in the fact that it manages to unveil the territorial memory associated with coca and the conflict, in part of the Colombian Amazon, based on the voices of peasants and ex-combatants, who share a territory that they recognize as their own, and the problems involved in peace building.
Elephants in the neighborhood: patterns of crop-raiding by Asian elephants within a fragmented landscape of Eastern India
Authors: Naha Dipanjan , Dash Suraj Kumar , Chettri Abhisek , Roy Akashdeep , Sathyakumar Sambandam
Published: July 2020

Loss of forest cover, rise in human populations and fragmentation of habitats leads to decline in biodiversity and extinction of large mammals globally. Elephants, being the largest of terrestrial mammals, symbolize global conservation programs and co-occur with humans within multiple-use landscapes of Asia and Africa. Within such shared landscapes, poaching, habitat loss and extent of human–elephant conflicts (HEC) affect survival and conservation of elephants. HEC are severe in South Asia with increasing attacks on humans, crop depredation and property damage. Such incidents reduce societal tolerance towards elephants and increase the risk of retaliation by local communities. We analyzed a 2-year dataset on crop depredation by Asian elephants (N = 380) events in North Bengal (eastern India). We also explored the effect of landscape, anthropogenic factors (area of forest, agriculture, distance to protected area, area of human settlements, riverine patches and human density) on the spatial occurrence of such incidents.Crop depredation showed a distinct nocturnal pattern (22.00–06:00) and majority of the incidents were recorded in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Results of our spatial analysis suggest that crop depredation increased with an increase in the area of forest patches, agriculture, presence of riverine patches and human density. Probability of crop depredation further increased with decreasing distance from protected areas. Villages within 1.5 km of a forest patch were most affected. Crop raiding incidents suggest a deviation from the “high-risk high-gain male biased” foraging behavior and involved proportionately more mixed groups (57%) than lone bulls (43%). Demographic data suggest that mixed groups comprised an average of 23 individuals with adult and sub adult females, bulls and calves. Crop depredation and fatal elephant attacks on humans were spatially clustered with eastern, central and western parts of North Bengal identified as hotspots of HEC. Our results will help to prioritize mitigation measures such as prohibition of alcohol production within villages, improving condition of riverine patches, changing crop composition, fencing agriculture fields, implement early warning systems around protected areas and training local people on how to prevent conflicts.
SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein-based Vaccine: A Promising Candidate against the Recent Imperial Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Chukwuemeka Prosper Obed , Olowosoke Christopher Busayo , Oretade Oluwaseyi Matthew
Published: July 2020

In time past, to date combating against diseases and fatal disorders (of known or idiopathic cause) is a major effort among the human race. The emergence of several, novel and pathogenic viral infections have posed a great threat to humanity and could wipe us out of existence if there are no counter measures. Among the increasing number of pathogenic viruses in this past decade, the advent of the recent imperial SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus type cannot be underestimated as it is not just a malady endemic to a nation, but have also triggered an emergency of public health across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 a memorial of the initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) reported in China in (2003) is the etiological agent of the mysterious COVID-19 reported to originate from Wuhan, Hubei province, China in 2019. Though the virus exhibit mild pathogenicity compared to other previously emerged human coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV), however, the high transmissibility and infectivity among human is alarming. In spite the evidences from the increasing number of substantiated global cases and deaths resulting from the epidemic outbreak to date, curative measures to curtail and treat this disease are still lacking. Just like SARS-CoV, it has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 also uses similar receptor for infectivity and shares similar disease pathogenesis. This knowledge presents a therapeutic target against COVID-19. The presence of cross-reactive epitopes in the spike protein subunit of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 present the use of neutralization antibodies from convalescent SARS challenged patients against COVID 19. However, limited cross-neutralization due to lower sequence conservation in the Spike protein subunit could render this approach ineffective. Realizing the urgent need for developing potent therapeutics against the imminent risk of COVID-19 on humanity, this review article, suggests the use of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Spike protein-based vaccine as an immunotherapeutic target to combat COVID-19 based on garnered knowledge from researches on consanguineal coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV), and current trends in vaccine development against this infection.
Characterization of the medication regimen complexity index in high-utilizer, adult psychiatric patients
Authors: Harris Suzanne C. , Jean Stephanie J.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Few studies have examined the role of medication-related factors in psychiatric readmissions. Our objective was to characterize the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) and assess its association with psychiatric hospital readmission frequency and time to readmission in a high-utilizer psychiatric cohort.

Methods

Adult patients admitted between July 2012 and March 2014 were identified if discharged from an inpatient psychiatry service with greater than or equal to 5 psychiatric readmissions or at least one 30-day readmission. Complexity of the medication regimen was determined using a validated MRCI electronic capture tool.

Results

One hundred sixty-eight patients were included. Average MRCI for all readmissions was 7.09 for psychotropic medications, 5.90 for other prescription medications, 2.98 for over the counter, and 16.00 for total medications. Ages greater than 65 years old and female sex were associated with higher total MRCI scores. Average MRCI for psychotropic medications and average psychotropic medication count, along with depression diagnosis, were found to be significantly associated with average time between each readmission but not with readmission frequency. An average total MRCI score greater than 19.7, when broken down by percentiles, was associated with a shorter time to readmission.

Discussion

Psychotropic regimen complexity, psychotropic medication count, total MRCI greater than 19.7, and a diagnosis of depression may contribute to a shorter time to readmission in adult psychiatric patients with a history of frequent readmissions. Future studies are needed to confirm findings and evaluate clinical significance and impact.
Susceptibility to erastin‐induced ferroptosis decreases during maturation in a human oligodendrocyte cell line
Authors: Hoshino Tomonori , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke , Matsuzawa Shu‐ichi
Published: July 2020

Ferroptosis, a form of iron‐dependent cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in neurological and other disorders. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in oligodendrocytes is unclear. We tested the susceptibility of MO3.13 cells, an oligodendrocyte line, to ferroptosis after erastin treatment. Immature MO3.13 cells were more susceptible to erastin‐induced ferroptosis than chemically differentiated mature MO3.13 cells. Increased expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate transporter, and greater glutathione concentrations were observed in mature compared with immature MO3.13 cells, linking glutathione to the resistance of mature MO3.13 cells to erastin‐induced ferroptosis. These findings highlight the usefulness of immature MO3.13 cells in studies of ferroptosis and investigations into neuropathologies that involve oligodendrocytes.
Ultralarge Contraction Directed by Light‐Driven Unlocking of Prestored Strain Energy in Linear Liquid Crystal Polymer Fibers
Authors: Pang Xinlei , Qin Lang , Xu Bo , Liu Quan , Yu Yanlei
Published: July 2020

Anisotropic 1D contraction motion of polymeric actuating materials has drawn growing interests in fields ranging from soft robotics to biomimetic muscles. Although light‐driven liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) represent promising candidates to realize contraction (<20%) triggered remotely and spatially, there remain multitudes of challenges to develop an LCP system possessing ultralarge contraction rate. Here, a novel strategy combining shape memory effect and photochemical phase transition is presented to realize light‐driven contraction as large as 81% in a newly designed linear liquid crystal copolymer, where the eutectic mesogens of azobenzene and phenyl benzoate self‐organize into the smectic B phase. Importantly, this highly ordered structure as the switching segment firmly locks the stress‐induced strain energy, which is rapidly released by reversible trans–cis photoisomerization that destroys the lamellar liquid crystal phase, therefore leading to such ultralarge contraction. Fibers serve as light‐driven building blocks to achieve precise origami, to mimic the recovery of a “broken” spider web and to screen objects in different sizes, laying new ground for advanced applications of light‐driven LCPs from biomimetic robots to human assists.
Microtentacle Actuators Based on Shape Memory Alloy Smart Soft Composite
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Taek , Seichepine Florent , Yang Guang‐Zhong
Published: July 2020

Recent advances in miniature robotics have brought promising improvements in performance by leveraging the latest developments in soft materials, new fabrication schemes, and continuum actuation. Such devices can be used for applications that need delicate manipulation such as microsurgery or investigation of small‐scale biological samples. The shape memory effect of certain alloys is one of the promising actuation mechanisms at small scales because of its high work density and simple actuation mechanism. However, for sub‐millimeter devices, it is difficult to achieve complex and large displacement with shape memory alloy actuators because of the limitation in the fabrication process. Herein, a fabrication scheme for miniaturized smart soft composite actuator is proposed by utilizing two‐photon polymerization. The morphing modes are varied by changing the direction of the scaffold lamination. In addition, the actuation is controlled via local resistive heating of a carbon nanotube layer deposited inside of the actuators. The proposed design can generate a 390 µN force and achieve a bending angle up to 80°. Applications of the actuators are demonstrated by grasping small and delicate objects with single and two finger devices.
Toward the New Generation of Surgical Meshes with 4D Response: Soft, Dynamic, and Adaptable
Authors: Lanzalaco Sonia , Turon Pau , Weis Christine , Mata Christian , Planas Eulàlia , Alemán Carlos , Armelin Elaine
Published: July 2020

Herein, a facile approach toward transforming a 2D polypropylene flexible mesh material into a 4D dynamic system is presented. The versatile platform, composed by a substrate of knitted fibers of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) mesh and a coating of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N’‐methylene bis(acrylamide) (PNIPAAm‐co‐MBA) hydrogel, covalently bonded to the mesh surface, after cold‐plasma surface treatment and radical polymerization, is intended to undergo variations in its geometry via its reversible folding/unfolding behavior. The study is the first to trace the 3D movement of a flat surgical mesh, intended to repair hernia defects, under temperature and humidity control. An infrared thermographic camera and an optical microscope are used to evaluate the macroscopic and microscopic structure stimulus response. The presence of the PP substrate and the distribution of the gel surrounding the PP threads, affect both the PNIPAAM gel expansion/contraction as well as the time of folding/unfolding response. Furthermore, PP‐g‐PNIPAAm meshes show an increase in the bursting strength of ≈16% with respect to the uncoated mesh, offering a strongest and adaptable system for its future implantation in human body. The findings reported offer unprecedented application possibilities in the biomedical field.