bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planar‐/Curvilinear‐Bioprinted Tri‐Cell‐Laden Hydrogel for Healing Irregular Chronic Wounds
Authors: Wu Shin‐Da , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Liao Chao‐Yaug , Kang Lan‐Ya , Tseng Yu‐Wen , Hsu Shan‐hui
Published: June 2022

Chronic cutaneous wounds from tissue trauma or extensive burns can impair skin barrier function and cause severe infection. Fabrication of a customizable tissue‐engineered skin is a promising strategy for regeneration of uneven wounds. Herein, a planar‐/curvilinear‐bioprintable hydrogel is developed to produce tissue‐engineered skin and evaluated in rat models of chronic and irregular wounds. The hydrogel is composed of biodegradable polyurethane (PU) and gelatin. The hydrogel laden with cells displays good 3D printability and structure stability. The circular wounds of normal and diabetes mellitus (DM) rats treated with planar‐printed tri‐cell‐laden (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)) hydrogel demonstrate full reepithelization and dermal repair as well as large amounts of neovascularization and collagen production after 28 days. Furthermore, the curvilinear module is fabricated based on the corresponding wound topography for curvilinear‐bioprinting of the irregular tissue‐engineered skin. The large and irregular rat skin wounds treated with curvilinear‐printed tri‐cell‐laden hydrogel demonstrate full repair after 28 days. This planar‐/curvilinear‐bioprintable tri‐cell‐laden hydrogel shows great potential for customized biofabrication in skin tissue engineering.
Tunable Volatile to Non‐Volatile Resistive Switching in PbZrO3 Antiferroelectric Thin Film for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Lv Zonglin , Wang Hongwei , Cao Jinpeng , Zhang Chao , Zhao Gaolei , Yu Richeng , Zhang Bo , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong , Miao Jun
Published: June 2022

A direct coupling of antiferroelectric (AFE) and resistive switching (RS) is realized for the first time in an oxide heterostructures (non‐tunneling mechanisms). This allows the resistance of the heterostructure to switch between volatile and non‐volatile RS behavior, which indicates a threshold RS and broadly increases its practical applicability. The stacks of Pt/PbZrO3 (PZO)/LaNiO3/SrTiO3 (STO) is fabricated by laser pulse deposition. It exhibits a tunable RS behavior from volatile to nonvolatile through adjusting voltage amplitude. Moreover, a high ON/OFF ratio, good retention, and endurance characteristics are achieved. Furthermore, synaptic behaviors related to neural learning functions in PZO film is explored, that is, long‐term potential/depression, spike timing dependent plasticity, and paired pulse facilitation. This work provides a way to engineer AFE and RS pertinent functionality for the low‐energy‐consumption, non‐volatile neural computing.
Skin Electronics from Biocompatible In Situ Welding Enabled By Intrinsically Sticky Conductors
Authors: Tang Lixue , Yang Shuaijian , Zhang Kuan , Jiang Xingyu
Published: June 2022

Welding usually involves high temperatures, toxic solvents, or conditions not compatible with human bodies, which severely limit the fusion of electronics and human tissues. To achieve direct welding of electronics on human skin, the intrinsically sticky conductors that can simultaneously achieve metal‐grade electrical conductivity (≈41 7000 S m−1), hydrogel‐grade stretchability (>900% strain), and self‐adhesiveness (1.8 N cm−1) are reported. The sticky conductors composed of gallium indium alloy and acrylate polymer adhesives have a surface‐enriched structure, which can form instant mechanical and electrical connections with different surfaces through gentle pressure without involving conditions that may damage human tissues. Based on the sticky conductors, the in situ welding of electronics on the skin is realized. To demonstrate the feasibility of in situ welding, electronic tattoos are achieved for movement monitoring. Intrinsically sticky electrodes that can resist drying and simultaneously deform with the skin for electrophysiological measurement are also developed.
Elastic Kernmantle E‐Braids for High‐Impact Sports Monitoring
Authors: Wang Wei , Yu Aifang , Wang Yulong , Jia Mengmeng , Guo Pengwen , Ren Lele , Guo Di , Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhai Junyi
Published: June 2022

The kernmantle construction, a kind of braiding structure that is characterized by the kern absorbing most of the stress and the mantle protecting the kern, is widely employed in the field of loading and rescue services, but rarely in flexible electronics. Here, a novel kernmantle electronic braid (E‐braid) for high‐impact sports monitoring, is proposed. The as‐fabricated E‐braids not only demonstrate high strength (31 Mpa), customized elasticity, and nice machine washability (>500 washes) but also exhibit excellent electrical stability (>200 000 cycles) during stretching. For demonstration, the E‐braids are mounted to different parts of the trampoline for athletes’ locomotor behavior monitoring. Furthermore, the E‐braids are proved to act as multifarious intelligent sports gear or wearable equipment such as electronic jump rope and respiration monitoring belt. This study expands the kernmantle structure to soft flexible electronics and then accelerates the development of quantitative analysis in modern sports industry and athletes’ healthcare.
HERVs characterize normal and leukemia stem cells and represent a source of shared epitopes for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Alcazer Vincent , Bonaventura Paola , Tonon Laurie , Michel Emilie , Mutez Virginie , Fabres Clémentine , Chuvin Nicolas , Boulos Rasha , Estornes Yann , Maguer‐Satta Véronique , Geistlich Kevin , Viari Alain , Metzeler Klaus H. , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Batch Aarif M. N. , Herold Tobias , Caux Christophe , Depil Stéphane
Published: June 2022

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of the human genome. The expression of HERVs and their immune impact have not been extensively studied in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In this study, we used a reference of 14 968 HERV functional units to provide a thorough analysis of HERV expression in normal and AML bone marrow cells. We show that the HERV retrotranscriptome accurately characterizes normal and leukemic cell subpopulations, including leukemia stem cells, in line with different epigenetic profiles. We then show that HERV expression delineates AML subtypes with different prognoses. We finally propose a method to select and prioritize CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from AML‐specific HERVs and we show that lymphocytes infiltrating patient bone marrow at diagnosis contain naturally occurring CD8+ T cells against these HERV epitopes. We also provide in vitro data supporting the functionality of HERV‐specific CD8+ T‐cells against AML cells. These results show that HERVs represent an important source of genetic information that can help enhancing disease stratification or biomarker identification and an important reservoir of alternative tumor‐specific T cell epitopes relevant for cancer immunotherapy.
An Adaptive Rhodium Catalyst to Control the Hydrogenation Network of Nitroarenes
Authors: Chugh Vishal , Chatterjee Basujit , Chang Wei‐Chieh , Cramer Hanna H. , Hindemith Carsten , Randel Helena , Weyhermüller Thomas , Farès Christophe , Werlé Christophe
Published: June 2022

An adaptive catalytic system that provides control over the nitroarene hydrogenation network to prepare a wide range of aniline and hydroxylamine derivatives is presented. This system takes advantage of a delicate interplay between a rhodium(III) center and a Lewis acidic borane introduced in the secondary coordination sphere of the metal. The high chemoselectivity of the catalyst in the presence of various potentially vulnerable functional groups and its readiness to be deployed at a preparative scale illustrate its practicality. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to shed light on the mode of functioning of the catalyst and elucidate the origin of adaptivity. The competition for interaction with boron between a solvent molecule and a substrate was found crucial for adaptivity. When operating in THF, the reduction network stops at the hydroxylamine platform, whereas the reaction can be directed to the aniline platform in toluene.
New weighting methods when cases are only a subset of events in a nested case‐control study
Authors: Zhou Qian M. , Wang Xuan , Zheng Yingye , Cai Tianxi
Published: June 2022

Nested case control (NCC) is a sampling method widely used for developing and evaluating risk models with expensive biomarkers on large prospective cohort studies. In a typical NCC design, biomarker values are obtained on a subcohort, where cases consist of all the events (subjects who experience the event during the follow‐up). However, when the number of events is not small, due to the cost and limited availability of biospecimen, one may select only a subset of events as cases. We refer to such a variation as the untypical NCC. Unfortunately, existing inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators for the untypical NCC are biased, and they only focus on relative risk parameters under the proportional hazards (PH) model. In this manuscript, we propose new weighting methods that produce consistent IPW estimators for not only relative risk parameters but also several metrics that evaluate a risk model's predictive performance. We also provide the inference procedure via perturbation resampling, which captures all the variance and between‐subject covariance induced by the sampling processes for both case and control selections. In addition, our methods are not limited to the PH model, and they can be applied to the time‐specific generalized linear model. Under the typical NCC design, our new weights are equivalent to the weight proposed by Samuelsen; under the untypical NCC, the IPW estimators using our weights have smaller bias and variance than the existing methods. We will demonstrate this improved performance via both analytical and numerical investigations.
Elucidating the Charge Storage Mechanism on Ti3C2 MXene through In Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Johnson Denis , Hansen Kyle , Yoo Ray , Djire Abdoulaye
Published: June 2022

Current climate issues can be partially remedied through the inclusion of renewable energy sources. However, these energy sources suffer from the need for highly efficient energy storage systems. To this end, studies have been conducted on developing energy storage materials that can provide high energy and power densities. Two‐dimensional (2D) carbide and nitride MXenes have the potential to provide both if their mechanism of charge storage is understood. Here, we use in situ/operando Raman spectroelectrochemistry to investigate in real time the charge storage mechanism of the benchmark Ti3C2 MXene in acidic and neutral media. We found that during charge/discharge cycling in acidic media, protons are pulled towards the surface, leading to a reversible reaction with the surface termination groups leading to a switch from −O− to −O(OH) to −O− chemistry, indicative of a pseudocapacitive mechanism. In neutral media, no pseudocapacitive behavior is observed and it is found that the material exhibits an electrostatic double layer charge storage mechanism through attracting sodium ions towards the surface for transient adsorption processes. Taking into consideration the mechanism we propose, the Ti3C2 MXene can exhibit a pseudocapacitance of 358 F/g within a voltage window of 1.35 V. Ultimately, these fundamental insights can be used to design electrode materials with both high energy and power densities.
Modeling Heme Peroxidase: Heme Saddling Facilitates Reactions with Hyperperoxides To Form High‐Valent FeIV‐Oxo Species
Authors: Wu Chang‐Quan , Wu Yi‐Wen , He Xuan‐Han , Hong Ruo‐Ting , Lee Hao‐Chien , Feng Kang‐Yen , Ping‐Yu Chen Peter
Published: June 2022

Saddle‐shaped hemes have been discovered in the structures of most peroxidases. How such a macrocycle deformation affects the reaction of FeIII hemes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form high‐valent Fe‐oxo species remains uncertain. Through examination of the ESI‐MS spectra, absorption changes and 1H NMR chemical shifts, we investigated the reactions of two FeIII porphyrins with different degrees of saddling deformation, namely FeIII(OETPP)ClO4 (1OE) and FeIII(OMTPP)ClO4 (1OM), with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) in CH2Cl2 at −40 °C, which quickly resulted in O−O bond homolysis from a highly unstable FeIII‐alkylperoxo intermediate, FeIII‐O(H)OR (2) into FeIV‐oxo porphyrins (3). Insight into the reaction mechanism was obtained from [tBuOOH]‐dependent kinetics. At −40 °C, the reaction of 1OE with tBuOOH exhibited an equilibrium constant (Ka=362.3 M−1) and rate constant (k=1.87×10−2 sM−>1) for the homolytic cleavage of the 2 O−O bond that were 2.1 and 1.4 times higher, respectively, than those exhibited by 1OM (Ka=171.8 M−1 and k=1.36×10−2  s−1). DFT calculations indicated that an FeIII porphyrin with greater saddling deformation can achieve a higher HOMO ([Fe(d
,d
)‐porphyrin(a2u)]) to strengthen the orbital interaction with the LUMO (O−O bond σ*) to facilitate O−O cleavage.
High‐fidelity Recognition of Organotrifluoroborate Anions (R−BF3−) as Designer Guest Molecules
Authors: Sheetz Edward G. , Zhang Zhao , Marogil Alyssa , Che Minwei , Pink Maren , Carta Veronica , Raghavachari Krishnan , Flood Amar H.
Published: June 2022

The recognition of boron compounds is well developed as boronic acids but untapped as organotrifluoroborate anions (R−BF3−). We are exploring the development of these and other designer anions as anion‐recognition motifs by considering them as substituted versions of the parent inorganic ion. To this end, we demonstrate strong and reliable binding of organic trifluoroborates, R−BF3−, by cyanostar macrocycles that are size‐complementary to the inorganic BF4− progenitors. We find that recognition is modulated by the substituent's sterics and that the affinities are retained using the common K+ salts of R−BF3− anions.
Wideband hybrid microstrip patch antenna and gain improvement using frequency selective surface
Authors: Maity Smarajit , Tewary Tapas , Mukherjee Surajit , Roy Avisankar , Sarkar Partha Pratim , Bhunia Sunandan
Published: June 2022

A wideband hybrid microstrip patch antenna with high bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) is reported in this research work. The electrical dimension of the presented antenna is 0.268λ × 0.201λ × 0.01λ, where λ is the maximum operating wavelength of the antenna. The patch consists of one circle and four parallelograms overlapping with each other. The patch looks like a two dimensional “PINE TREE.” The fabricated antenna exhibits return loss less than −10 dB from 2 to 15.40 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 154% and BDR of 2859. Also a peak gain of 3.3 dBi is achieved at 8 GHz. To improve the peak gain further over the entire frequency band, proposed antenna is combined with a mono layer stop band frequency selective surface (FSS). Without disturbing the original bandwidth, the antenna is mounted on top of 16 unit cell FSS arranged in of 4 × 4 matrix. When FSS is placed at a suitable minimum distance, maximum gain of 7.22 dBi is achieved by the combined structure. Physical dimension of the proposed FSS combined antenna is 64 × 64 × 35.2 mm, which is very much suitable for long range wireless applications. Both the antenna and the FSS are designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Also it is fabricated on FR4 substrate. It has loss tangent (tan theta) of 0.02, dielectric constant of 4.4, and thickness of 1.6 mm. All the simulation results have been validated using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measured results exhibit good compliance with the simulated results.
Mn/Cu Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as a Novel Electrochemical Sensor for Nicotine Detection
Authors: Zaki M. , El Shafie Ezz , Abdel‐Gawad Soha A. , Fekry Amany M. , El‐Kamel Renad S. , Shehata M.
Published: June 2022

A novel, cheap and economical electrochemical sensor for nicotine (NIC) revealing is prepared by setting down for Manganese/copper nanoparticles (Mn/Cu NPs) on the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE). This sensor demonstrated good electrocatalytic activities to anodic oxidation of NIC in Potassium Phosphate Buffer solution (0.1 M) of pH range (4.0–10.0). The electrochemical description of MCMCPE is carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis (EDX) techniques were utilized for studying the surface morphology. The developed sensor is found to show a linear response in the concentration range 2×10−6–6×10−4 M with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 1.15×10−7 M. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits high sensitivity and stability for sensing NIC in urine and tobacco samples.
Ammonium ion pre‐intercalated manganese dioxide with hydrogen bond for high‐rate and stable zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Song , Zhao Xinqi , Chen Hao , Guo Jingdong , Liu Ruixiang , Yang De'an
Published: June 2022

The low‐cost and high‐safety zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are expected to be promising alternatives of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, sluggish kinetics and unstable structure of cathode lead to the low‐rate capability and poor cycling stability of ZIBs, which severely hinder their commercial application. Herein, a (NH4)xMnO2cathode with ammonium ions (NH4+) pre‐intercalation is reported. The NH4+ions with small molar mass expand the layer spacing, accelerating ion diffusion and act as “structural pillars”, preventing structural collapse. Moreover, hydrogen bond between NH4+and MnO2promotes the charge transfer and further stabilize the layered structure. Therefore, the (NH4)xMnO2cathode delivers a high specific capacity (228.7 mAh g−1at 0.3 A g−1), a superior high‐rate performance (122.5 mAh g−1at 3.0 A g−1), and an outstanding long‐term cycling stability without obvious capacity fading after 1500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. This work provides a new perspective for future development of high‐performance ZIBs.

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Optimizing resources allocation in a heterogeneous cloud radio access network using machine learning
Authors: Shirmohamadi Mahdi , Bakhshi Hamidreza , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad
Published: June 2022

In this article, we propose an iterative algorithm based on lazy learning. The proposed scheme considers two consecutive algorithms for optimal resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H‐CRAN). In the conventional approach, resources allocation is usually presented as a mathematical optimization problem and solved online using a real‐time scenario. Due to the non‐convex nature of resource allocation problems, finding optimal solutions in real‐time is a difficult challenge and has high computational complexity. To overcome these challenges in this paper, the problem is first formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) to optimize the system capacity and assign the underlay users to the subchannels, which is NP‐hard. To obtain the solution, in the first algorithm, the proposed problem is first reformulated as a convex problem using a matching theory and coalition formation method. Then, in the second algorithm, the lazy learning method is employed to find the optimal solution to the resources allocation problem. The lazy algorithm uses the output results of the first algorithm as training data, which are known as historical data. Similarities between current scenario data and historical scenario data, as well as the solution of resources allocation in historical scenarios, can be exploited to improve the resource allocation of the current scenario. Simulation results confirm that compared with the conventional approach, the suggested technique can significantly improve the system performance in terms of the total users assigned, overall throughput, the pace of resource allocation, and user fairness.
A supervised machine learning approach identifies gene‐regulating factor‐mediated competing endogenous RNA networks in hormone‐dependent cancers
Authors: Jayarathna Dulari K. , Rentería Miguel E. , Batra Jyotsna , Gandhi Neha S.
Published: June 2022

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have become an emerging topic in cancer research due to their role in gene regulatory networks. To date, traditional ceRNA bioinformatic studies have investigated microRNAs as the only factor regulating gene expression. Growing evidence suggests that genomic (e.g., copy number alteration [CNA]), transcriptomic (e.g., transcription factors [TFs]), and epigenomic (e.g., DNA methylation [DM]) factors can influence ceRNA regulatory networks. Herein, we used the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, a machine learning approach, to integrate DM, CNA, and TFs data with RNA expression to infer ceRNA networks in cancer risk. The gene‐regulating factors‐mediated ceRNA networks were identified in four hormone‐dependent (HD) cancer types: prostate, breast, colorectal, and endometrial. The shared ceRNAs across HD cancer types were further investigated using survival analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network analysis. We found two (BUB1 and EXO1) and one (RRM2) survival‐significant ceRNA(s) shared across breast‐colorectal‐endometrial and prostate–colorectal–endometrial combinations, respectively. Both BUB1 and BUB1B genes were identified as shared ceRNAs across more than two HD cancers of interest. These genes play a critical role in cell division, spindle‐assembly checkpoint signalling, and correct chromosome alignment. Furthermore, shared ceRNAs across multiple HD cancers have been involved in essential cancer pathways such as cell cycle, p53 signalling, and chromosome segregation. Identifying ceRNAs' roles across multiple related cancers will improve our understanding of their shared disease biology. Moreover, it contributes to the knowledge of RNA‐mediated cancer pathogenesis.
Pediatric and adolescent COVID‐19 vaccination side effects: A retrospective cohort study of the Iranian teenage group in 2021
Authors: Tavakoli Nader , Nafissi Nahid , Shokri Sima , Fallahpour Morteza , Soleimani Sanaz , Riahi Taghi , Kalantari Saeed , Javan Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh , Valizadeh Rohollah
Published: June 2022

To determine the safety and efficacy profile of teenager COVID‐19 vaccination. In this retrospective cohort study, contact numbers of parents of teenagers under 18 years of age referred to a teenager vaccination centers in Tehran‐Iran to receive the corona vaccine were collected, and the following information was obtained via the phones: demographic information, type of vaccine, and the number of doses received, as well as additional information like complications and required treatments. Eleven thousand forty‐two subjects aged 10−18 years, mean age 14.55 ± 1.83 year  including 5374 boys and 5768 girls were investigated. 88.1% received the Sinopharm and 11.9% the Soberana vaccine. General side effects, including fatigue, fever and chills, injection site pain and dizziness, and so forth happened in 2978 cases; 7421 children presented with at least one general or organ‐specific side effect following vaccination, including potentially critical side effects, such as vascular injuries, respiratory complication, and so forth. 0.1% of the subject needed hospital admission. The breakthrough infection happened in 200 individuals. Our study shows that Sinopharm and Soberana (PastoCoVac) COVID‐19 vaccines are generally safe with no serious side effects in less than 18 years old. COVID‐19 infection and reinfection can occur after vaccination, but the incidence is actually tolerable and significantly lower than in the unvaccinated group.
Combined effects of yacon flour and probiotic yogurt on the metabolic parameters and inflammatory and insulin signaling proteins in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: de Abreu Ribeiro Pereira Juciane , de Fátima Píccolo Barcelos Maria , Valério Villas Boas Eduardo , Hilsdorf Píccoli Roberta , de Sales Guilarducci Janina , Corrêa Pereira Rafaela , Pauli José Rodrigo , Batista Ferreira Eric , Cardoso de Angelis‐Pereira Michel , Esper Cintra Dennys
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Prebiotics and probiotics may be effective dietary components that can alter the gut microbiota of the host and, consequently, overcome imbalances associated with obesity. This work aimed to evaluate the synergistic and isolated effects and mechanisms by which probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium animalis and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus and yacon flour alter metabolic parameters and inflammatory and insulin signaling proteins in diet‐induced obese mice. Swiss mice were fed a high‐fat diet (n = 48) or a standard diet (control; n = 6) for 56 days. The 42 mice that gained the most weight were selected and divided into seven groups that received different combinations of probiotic yogurt and yacon flour. After 30 days, biochemical parameters (blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and triacylglycerols), crude fat excretion in feces, and periepididymal fat were assessed and an immunoblotting analysis of insulin signaling proteins and interleukin‐1β was conducted.

RESULTS

The combination of yacon flour and a yogurt with two strains of probiotics exerted positive effects on the parameters evaluated, such as decreased body weight (−6.5%; P < 0.05), fasting glucose (−23.1%; P < 0.05), and triacylglycerol levels (−21.4%; P < 0.05) and decreased periepididymal fat accumulation (−44.2%; P < 0.05). There was a decrease in inflammatory markers (P < 0.001) and an improvement in insulin signaling (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of a prebiotic with two strains of probiotics in a food matrix may exert a protective effect against obesity‐associated inflammation, improving insulin resistance, even in the short term. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Native top‐down mass spectrometry for higher‐order structural characterization of proteins and complexes
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Xia Shujun , Li Huilin
Published: June 2022

Progress in structural biology research has led to a high demand for powerful and yet complementary analytical tools for structural characterization of proteins and protein complexes. This demand has significantly increased interest in native mass spectrometry (nMS), particularly native top‐down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) in the past decade. This review highlights recent advances in nTDMS for structural research of biological assemblies, with a particular focus on the extra multi‐layers of information enabled by TDMS. We include a short introduction of sample preparation and ionization to nMS, tandem fragmentation techniques as well as mass analyzers and software/analysis pipelines used for nTDMS. We highlight unique structural information offered by nTDMS and examples of its broad range of applications in proteins, protein‐ligand interactions (metal, cofactor/drug, DNA/RNA, and protein), therapeutic antibodies and antigen‐antibody complexes, membrane proteins, macromolecular machineries (ribosome, nucleosome, proteosome, and viruses), to endogenous protein complexes. The challenges, potential, along with perspectives of nTDMS methods for the analysis of proteins and protein assemblies in recombinant and biological samples are discussed.
Intra‐Action in a Central Australian Community Development Project
Authors: Anderson Drew
Published: June 2022

Service providers commonly understand development projects in Indigenous Australia to play out at the intersection of a pre‐existing binary between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous groups. It follows that effective development practice is seen to depend on building partnerships across the ‘intercultural’ divide. Instead of taking this assumption as a baseline from which analysis proceeds, I draw on Karen Barad's theory of ‘intra‐action’ to show how an Indigenous/non‐Indigenous binary is continually produced in the context of a development NGO working in Central Australia. Based on fieldwork as a volunteer within this NGO, I demonstrate how the ‘intra‐action’ of community development process produces forms of difference and relatedness for non‐Indigenous NGO staff, and for the Aboriginal community. I argue that in spite of calls for deeper engagements, the community development apparatus continually performs separateness as the ethical framework on which the project proceeds. The paper contributes to debates around ‘intercultural’ anthropology and presents a non‐normative account of development practice in Australia.
Aromaticity at position 39 in α‐synuclein: A modulator of amyloid fibril assembly and membrane‐bound conformations
Authors: Buratti Fiamma A. , Boeffinger Nicola , Garro Hugo A. , Flores Jesica S. , Hita Francisco J. , Gonçalves Phelippe do Carmo , Copello Federico dos Reis , Lizarraga Leonardo , Rossetti Giulia , Carloni Paolo , Zweckstetter Markus , Outeiro Tiago F. , Eimer Stefan , Griesinger Christian , Fernández Claudio O.
Published: June 2022

Recent studies revealed that molecular events related with the physiology and pathology of αS might be regulated by specific sequence motifs in the primary sequence of αS. The importance of individual residues in these motifs remains an important open avenue of investigation. In this work, we have addressed the structural details related to the amyloid fibril assembly and lipid‐binding features of αS through the design of site‐directed mutants at position 39 of the protein and their study by in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrated that aromaticity at position 39 of αS primary sequence influences strongly the aggregation properties and the membrane‐bound conformations of the protein, molecular features that might have important repercussions for the function and dysfunction of αS. Considering that aggregation and membrane damage is an important driver of cellular toxicity in amyloid diseases, future work is needed to link our findings with studies based on toxicity and neuronal cell death.

Brief statement outlining significance

Modulation by distinct sequential motifs and specific residues of αS on its physiological and pathological states is an active area of research. Here, we demonstrated that aromaticity at position 39 of αS modulates the membrane‐bound conformations of the protein, whereas removal of aromatic functionality at position 39 reduces strongly the amyloid assembly in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides new evidence for the modulation of molecular events related with the physiology and pathology of αS.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of Serine‐72 reveals the location of the fructose 6‐phosphate regulatory site of the Agrobacterium tumefaciensADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase
Authors: Alghamdi Mashael A. , Hussien Rania A. , Zheng Yuanzhang , Patel Hiral P. , Asencion Diez Matías D. , A. Iglesias Alberto , Liu Dali , Ballicora Miguel A.
Published: June 2022

The allosteric regulation of ADP–glucose pyrophosphorylase is critical for the biosynthesis of glycogen in bacteria and starch in plants. The enzyme from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is activated by fructose 6‐phosphate (Fru6P) and pyruvate (Pyr). The Pyr site has been recently found, but the site where Fru6P binds has remained unknown. We hypothesize that a sulfate ion previously found in the crystal structure reveals a part of the regulatory site mimicking the presence of the phosphoryl moiety of the activator Fru6P. Ser72 interacts with this sulfate ion and, if the hypothesis is correct, Ser72 would affect the interaction with Fru6P and activation of the enzyme. Here, we report structural, binding, and kinetic analysis of Ser72 mutants of the A. tumefaciens ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. By X‐ray crystallography, we found that when Ser72 was replaced by Asp or Glu side chain carboxylates protruded into the sulfate‐binding pocket. They would present a strong steric and electrostatic hindrance to the phosphoryl moiety of Fru6P, while being remote from the Pyr site. In agreement, we found that Fru6P could not activate or bind to S72E or S72D mutants, whereas Pyr was still an effective activator. These mutants also blocked the binding of the inhibitor AMP. This could potentially have biotechnological importance in obtaining enzyme forms insensitive to inhibition. Other mutations in this position (Ala, Cys, and Trp) confirmed the importance of Ser72 in regulation. We propose that the ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase from A. tumefaciens have two distinct sites for Fru6P and Pyr working in tandem to regulate glycogen biosynthesis.
Electronic Modulation of Ru Nanosheet by d–d Orbital Coupling for Enhanced Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Li Yunbo , Yang Chaoyi , Ge Chuangxin , Yao Na , Yin Jinlong , Jiang Wenyong , Cong Hengjiang , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei , Zhuang Lin
Published: June 2022

The alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) hold great promise for using nonnoble metal‐based electrocatalysts toward the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but are hindered by the sluggish anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline electrolytes. Here, a strategy is reported to promote the alkaline HOR performance of Ru by incorporating 3d‐transition metals (V, Fe, Co, and Ni), where the conduction band minimum (CBM) level of Ru can be rationally tailored through strong d–d orbital coupling. As expected, the obtained RuFe nanosheet exhibits outstanding HOR performance with the mass activity of 233.46 A gPGM−1and 23‐fold higher than the Ru catalyst, even threefold higher than the commercial Pt/C. APEFC employing this RuFe as anodic catalyst gives a peak power density of 1.2 W cm−2, outperforming the documented Pt‐free anodic catalyst‐based APEFCs. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations suggest the enhanced OH‐binding energy and reduced formation energy of water derived from the downshifted CBM level of Ru contribute to the enhanced HOR activity.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and photophysical studies of decanuclear gold(I) sulfido complexes with carbazole‐derived ligands
Authors: Chu Anlea , Wan Ho Chuen , Yan Liang‐Liang , Leung Ming‐Yi , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: June 2022

Decanuclear gold(I) sulfido clusters, [Au10{μ‐Ph2PN(C6H4−Cbz)PPh2}4(μ3‐S)4](PF6)2 (1) and [Au10{μ‐Ph2PN(C6H4−tBu2Cbz)PPh2}4(μ3‐S)4](PF6)2 (2), with bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)amine ligands were synthesized and characterized. The propeller‐like molecular structure of 1 was determined via X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Both complexes were found to show intense dual green and orange phosphorescence upon photoexcitation at ambient temperature. The emissions were tentatively assigned to originate from the excited states derived from the phosphine‐centered intraligand (IL) transition and ligand‐to‐metal‐metal charge transfer (LMMCT) (S→Au) transition.
The N-Clock Model: Variational Analysis for Fast and Slow Divergence Rates of N
Authors: Cicalese Marco , Orlando Gianluca , Ruf Matthias
Published: June 2022

We study a nearest neighbors ferromagnetic classical spin system on the square lattice in which the spin field is constrained to take values in a discretization of the unit circle consisting ofNequi-spaced vectors, also known as theN-clock model. We find a fast rate of divergence ofNwith respect to the lattice spacing for which theN-clock model has the same discrete-to-continuum variational limit as the classicalXYmodel (also known as planar rotator model), in particular concentrating energy on topological defects of dimension 0. We prove the existence of a slow rate of divergence ofNat which the coarse-grain limit does not detect topological defects, but it is instead aBV-total variation. Finally, the two different types of limit behaviors are coupled in a critical regime forN, whose analysis requires the aid of Cartesian currents.
Numerical analysis for the interaction of mean curvature flow and diffusion on closed surfaces
Authors: Elliott Charles M. , Garcke Harald , Kovács Balázs
Published: June 2022

An evolving surface finite element discretisation is analysed for the evolution of a closed two-dimensional surface governed by a system coupling a generalised forced mean curvature flow and a reaction–diffusion process on the surface, inspired by a gradient flow of a coupled energy. Two algorithms are proposed, both based on a system coupling the diffusion equation to evolution equations for geometric quantities in the velocity law for the surface. One of the numerical methods is proved to be convergent in the$$H^1$$H1norm with optimal-order for finite elements of degree at least two. We present numerical experiments illustrating the convergence behaviour and demonstrating the qualitative properties of the flow: preservation of mean convexity, loss of convexity, weak maximum principles, and the occurrence of self-intersections.
A diffusion tensor imaging analysis of white matter microstructures in non-operated craniosynostosis patients
Authors: de Planque C. A. , Florisson J. M. G. , Tasker R. C. , Rijken B. F. M. , van Veelen M. L. C. , Mathijssen I. M. J. , Lequin M. H. , Dremmen M. H. G.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In 7 to 15-year-old operated syndromic craniosynostosis patients, we have shown the presence of microstructural anomalies in brain white matter by using DTI. To learn more about the cause of these anomalies, the aim of the study is to determine diffusivity values in white matter tracts in non-operated syndromic craniosynostosis patients aged 0–2 years compared to healthy controls.

Methods

DTI datasets of 51 non-operated patients with syndromic craniosynostosis with a median [IQR] age of 0.40 [0.25] years were compared with 17 control subjects with a median of 1.20 [0.85] years. Major white matter tract pathways were reconstructed with ExploreDTI from MRI brain datasets acquired on a 1.5 T MRI system. Eigenvalues of these tract data were examined, with subsequent assessment of the affected tracts. Having syndromic craniosynostosis (versus control), gender, age, frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR), and tract volume were treated as independent variables.

Results

ʎ2 and ʎ3 of the tracts genu of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal segment of the cingulum bundle show a ƞ2 > 0.14 in the comparison of patients vs controls, which indicates a large effect on radial diffusivity. Subsequent linear regressions on radial diffusivity of these tracts show that age and FOHR are significantly associated interacting factors on radial diffusivity (p < 0.025).

Conclusion

Syndromic craniosynostosis shows not to be a significant factor influencing the major white matter tracts. Enlargement of the ventricles show to be a significant factor on radial diffusivity in the tracts corpus callosum genu and the hippocampal segment of the cingulate bundle.

Clinical trial registration: MEC-2014-461
Repair of α-particle-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after internal ex vivo irradiation with 223Ra
Authors: Göring Lukas , Schumann Sarah , Müller Jessica , Buck Andreas K. , Port Matthias , Lassmann Michael , Scherthan Harry , Eberlein Uta
Published: June 2022

Purpose

As α-emitters for radiopharmaceutical therapies are administered systemically by intravenous injection, blood will be irradiated by α-particles that induce clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, we investigated the induction and repair of DSB damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a function of the absorbed dose to the blood following internal ex vivo irradiation with [223Ra]RaCl2.

Methods

Blood samples of ten volunteers were irradiated by adding [223Ra]RaCl2 solution with different activity concentrations resulting in absorbed doses to the blood of 3 mGy, 25 mGy, 50 mGy and 100 mGy. PBMCs were isolated, divided in three parts and either fixed directly (d-samples) or after 4 h or 24 h culture. After immunostaining, the induced γ-H2AX α-tracks were counted. The time-dependent decrease in α-track frequency was described with a model assuming a repair rate R and a fraction of non-repairable damage Q.

Results

For 25 mGy, 50 mGy and 100 mGy, the numbers of α-tracks were significantly increased compared to baseline at all time points. Compared to the corresponding d-samples, the α-track frequency decreased significantly after 4 h and after 24 h. The repair rates R were (0.24 ± 0.05) h−1 for 25 mGy, (0.16 ± 0.04) h−1 for 50 mGy and (0.13 ± 0.02) h−1 for 100 mGy, suggesting faster repair at lower absorbed doses, while Q-values were similar.

Conclusion

The results obtained suggest that induction and repair of the DSB damage depend on the absorbed dose to the blood. Repair rates were similar to what has been observed for irradiation with low linear energy transfer.
Einblicke in die Forschung – Bisheriger (Un‑)Wissensstand über den Nutzen von Supervision für Coaches und Psychotherapeut*innen
Authors: Müller Alessa Antonia , Zimmermann Jannik , Möller Heidi
Published: June 2022

In diesem Artikel der Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie (ZPS) werden die Ergebnisse aktueller Forschung zu Supervision in der Psychotherapie und im Coaching vorgestellt. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage nach dem Nutzen der Supervision für Supervisand*innen und ihre Klient*innen im jeweiligen Anwendungskontext. Relevante empirische Studien werden beschrieben, Wissenslücken betrachtet und Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung und die Praxis von Berater*innen werden abgeleitet.
Optimizing and control of effective synthesize parameters for Fe3O4 nanoparticles using response surface methodology
Authors: Ba-Abbad Muneer M. , Chai P. V. , Benamour Abdelbaki , Ewis Dina , Mohammad Abdul Wahab , Mahmoudi Ebrahim
Published: June 2022

To control Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) size, different molar ratio of Fe2+ and Fe3+ as well as ammonium hydroxide (pH) was used to synthesize Fe3O4 NPs through co-precipitation method. The Box–Behnken design was selected to explore the interaction between process parameters (factors) such as Fe2+ molar ion, Fe3+ molar ion and pH on the final size. The interactive effect between the process variables was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The quadratic model predicted by the Box–Behnken design was significant with a P value of < 0.0001. The optimum synthesis conditions were predicted by the model indicating optimum size obtained using 1.00 mol Fe2+ ion with 3.00 mol Fe3+ ion with pH at 12.00. From the experiment, the particle size was 10 ± 2 nm at optimum conditions, while the model predicted a particle size of 6.80 nm. The magnetic properties of Fe3O4 NPs were displayed typical ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization value to be 49.729 emu/g. Finally, the optimized Fe3O4 NPs showed about 80% removal of Congo red (CR) dye, which confirms their applicability in adsorption process for future applications.
Bedside Ultrasound for Ventricular Size Monitoring in Patients with PEEK Cranioplasty: A Preliminary Experience of Technical Feasibility in Neurotrauma Setting
Authors: Signorelli Francesco , Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Marziali Giammaria , Ioannoni Eleonora , Olivi Alessandro , Caricato Anselmo , Visocchi Massimiliano , Montano Nicola
Published: June 2022

Background

Posttraumatic hydrocephalus is a known complication after traumatic brain injury, particularly affecting patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy. Posttraumatic hydrocephalus monitoring in these patients represents a common issue in neurosurgical practice. Patients require periodical assessments by means of computed tomography (CT) scans. This study presents a preliminary institutional series in which ultrasound was used as a bedside imaging technique to monitor ventricular size in patients harboring a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cranioplasty. Exploiting the PEEK cranioplasty permeability to echoes, we evaluated the feasibility of this bedside imaging method in monitoring hydrocephalus evolution, determining effects of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and excluding complications.

Methods

Eight patients with traumatic brain injury harboring PEEK cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy were prospectively evaluated. Ultrasound measurements were compared with CT scan data taken the same day, and ventricular morphometry parameters were compared.

Results

Ultrasound images through the PEEK cranioplasty were of high quality and intracranial anatomy was distinctly evaluated. A strong correlation was observed between ultrasound and CT measurements. Concerning distance between lateral ventricles frontal horns (IFH) and the diameter of the third ventricle (TV), we found a strong correlation between transcranial sonography and CT measurements in preventriculoperitoneal shunt (rho = 0.92 and p = 0.01 for IFH; rho = 0.99 and p = 0.008 for TV) and in postventriculoperitoneal shunt examinations (rho = 0.95 and p = 0.03 for IFH; rho = 0.97 and p = 0.03 for TV). The mean error rate between transcranial sonography and CT scan was 1.77 ± 0.91 mm for preoperative IFH, 0.65 ± 0.27 mm for preoperative TV, 2.18 ± 0.82 mm for postoperative IFH, and 0.48 ± 0.21 mm for postoperative TV.

Conclusions

Transcranial ultrasound could represent a simplification of the follow-up and management of ventricular size of patients undergoing PEEK cranioplasty. Even if this is a small series, our preliminary results could widen the potential benefits of PEEK, not only as effective material for cranial reconstruction but also, in selected clinical conditions, as a reliable window to explore intracranial content and to monitor ventricular sizes and shunt functioning.
Editorial Introduction: The Shifting Geopolitics of Return Migration and Reintegration
Authors: Vathi Zana , King Russell , Kalir Barak
Published: June 2022

The recent geo-politicisation of return migration warrants deep consideration of the politics of return and reintegration. A focus on geopolitics prefigures the study of reintegration not just as circumstantial to the lives of migrants or the formal strategies of states but also as deeply embedded in the historical socio-cultural and political contexts where it takes place. In introducing a set of papers that explore these links from different angles and based on research from around the world, this article argues that return and reintegration constitute a qualitatively different process from immigration and integration in the receiving countries, first and foremost because the sending state—a key actor in the reintegration process—is in a position of geopolitical power marginality. Indeed, the strategies of all the stakeholders implicated in reintegration are closely linked to the geopolitics of migration governance. In these contexts, migrants’ intimate, as well as pragmatic, strategies of reintegration and re-migration are an expression, as well as a trigger, of multi-scale geopolitics. There is a distinct contrast between the emphasis on borders and securitisation in high-income countries and the informality and precarity of the way that migrants have to manage their ontological security in the process of return and reintegration. Reintegration should thus be understood as a process contingent upon different and, often, incongruous legal, political and socio-economic elements, as endorsed and employed by the different stakeholders involved.