bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanitarianism, Human Rights and Biopolitics in the British Empire, 1890–1902
Authors: Clark Anna
Published: February 2016

The 1890s were a key time for debates about imperial humanitarianism and human rights in India and South Africa. This article first argues that claims of humanitarianism can be understood as biopolitics when they involved the management and disciplining of populations. This article examines the historiography that analyses British efforts to contain the Bombay plague in 1897 and the Boer War concentration camps as forms of discipline extending control over colonized subjects. Secondly, human rights language could be used to oppose biopolitical management. While scholars have criticized liberal human rights language for its universalism, this article argues that nineteenth-century liberals did not believe that rights were universal; they had to be earned. It was radical activists who drew on notions of universal rights to oppose imperial intervention and criticize the camps in India and South Africa. These activists included two groups: the Personal Rights Association and the Humanitarian League; and the individuals Josephine Butler, Sol Plaatje, Narayan Meghaji Lokhande, and Bal Gandadhar Tilak. However, these critics also debated amongst themselves how far human rights should extend.
Guest Editor’s Notes on the “Atoms” Special Issue on “Perspectives of Atomic Physics with Trapped Highly Charged Ions”
Authors: Träbert Elmar
Published: February 2016

The study of highly charged ions (HCI) was pursued first at Uppsala (Sweden), by Edlén and Tyrén in the 1930s. Their work led to the recognition that the solar corona is populated by such ions, an insight which forced massive paradigm changes in solar physics. Plasmas aiming at controlled fusion in the laboratory, laser-produced plasmas, foil-excited swift ion beams, and electron beam ion traps have all pushed the envelope in the production of HCI. However, while there are competitive aspects in the race for higher ion charge states, the real interest lies in the very many physics topics that can be studied in these ions. Out of this rich field, the Special Issue concentrates on atomic physics studies that investigate highly charged ions produced, maintained, and/or manipulated in ion traps. There have been excellent achievements in the field in the past, and including fairly recent work, they have been described by their authors at conferences and in the appropriate journals. The present article attempts an overview over current lines of development, some of which are expanded upon in this Special Issue.
Deserving Poor: Are Higher Education Bursaries Going to the Right Students?
Authors: Wyness Gill
Published: February 2016

After the abolition of student maintenance grants in 2016, higher education bursaries will be the major source of non-repayable aid for poor students in England, with £300 m spent per year. The aims of the bursary system were never explicitly laid out by government, making it challenging to evaluate this unique form of aid. In this paper, I examine the bursary system on the grounds of equity and efficiency, using a unique dataset collected from 22 universities. I show that the bursary system is inequitable; as a direct consequence of the decentralized nature of the system, there are vast inequalities in aid receipt among poor students. Nevertheless, I find that the poorest, most able students tend to receive the most bursary aid, suggesting the system could be seen as efficient. Clearer guidance from government on the purpose of bursaries is required in order to understand whether the system is meeting its aims, and how it could be improved.
Enabling Narrative Pedagogy: Listening in Nursing Education
Authors: Bowles Wendy
Published: February 2016

The role of the nurse has become considerably more demanding in the past twenty years through increased complexity of patient care within a rapidly changing health care environment. Research is needed to expand the pedagogical literacy of nurse educators and address the needs of students entering a complex health care system. Narrative Pedagogy was identified as a research-based nursing pedagogy and has been enabled in nursing education for over a decade. The Concernful Practices emerged from Narrative Pedagogy research, which helped identify what teachers, students, and clinicians considered meaningful in teaching. Listening was one of the Concernful Practices and became the focus of this study. This hermeneutic phenomenological study provided new understandings of the experience of listening in nursing education. The research question addressed “How do nurse educators who enable Narrative Pedagogy experience Listening: knowing and connecting?” One of the themes, Listening as Dialogue, emerged from the study and included ways nurse educators can open and interpret a dialogue, shift the way they think about teaching, and make connections with students.
Synergetic Effects of PARP Inhibitor AZD2281 and Cisplatin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Yasukawa Masaaki , Fujihara Hisako , Fujimori Hiroaki , Kawaguchi Koji , Yamada Hiroyuki , Nakayama Ryoko , Yamamoto Nanami , Kishi Yuta , Hamada Yoshiki , Masutani Mitsuko
Published: February 2016

Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for treatment of oral carcinoma, and combinatorial effects are expected to exert greater therapeutic efficacy compared with monotherapy. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is reported to be involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as DNA repair, cell death, telomere regulation, and genomic stability. Based on these properties, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are used for treatment of cancers, such as BRCA1/2 mutated breast and ovarian cancers, or certain solid cancers in combination with anti-cancer drugs. However, the effects on oral cancer have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we examined the effects of PARP inhibitor on the survival of human oral cancer cells in vitro and xenografted tumors derived from human oral cancer cells in vivo. In vitro effects were assessed by microculture tetrazolium and survival assays. The PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (olaparib) showed synergetic effects with cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner. Combinatorial treatment with cisplatin and AZD2281 significantly inhibited xenografted tumor growth compared with single treatment of cisplatin or AZD2281. Histopathological analysis revealed that cisplatin and AZD2281 increased TUNEL-positive cells and decreased Ki67- and CD31-positive cells. These results suggest that PARP inhibitors have the potential to improve therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
Critical Overview of the Risk Scoring Systems to Predict Non-Responsiveness to Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Syndrome
Authors: Rigante Donato , Andreozzi Laura , Fastiggi Michele , Bracci Benedetta , Natale Marco , Esposito Susanna
Published: February 2016

Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is the most relevant cause of heart disease in children living in developed countries. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has a preventive function in the formation of coronary artery abnormalities and a poor strictly-curative action in established coronary damage. More than two decades ago, the Harada score was set to assess which children with KS should be subject to administration of IVIG, evaluating retrospectively a large cohort of patients with regard to age, sex and laboratory data. Nowadays, high dose IVIG is administered to all children with a confirmed diagnosis of KS, but a tool for predicting non-responsiveness to the initial infusion of IVIG has not been found. The prediction of IVIG resistance is a crucial issue, as recognising these high-risk patients should consent the administration of an intensified initial treatment in combination with IVIG in order to prevent coronary injuries. Few reports have focused on factors, referring to both clinical parameters and laboratory data at the onset of KS, in order to predict which patients might be IVIG non-responsive. We have analysed three different risk scores which were formulated to predict IVIG resistance in Japanese children with typical KS, but their application in non-Japanese patients or in those with incomplete and atypical patterns of the disease has been studied in a fragmentary way. Overall, our analysis showed that early and definite ascertainment of likely IVIG non-responders who require additional therapies reducing the development of coronary artery involvement in children with KS is still a challenge.
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hayes C. , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: February 2016

Serum levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and α-fetoprotein, provide insight into liver function and are used during treatment of liver disease, but such information is limited. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often not detected until an advanced stage, more sensitive biomarkers may help to achieve earlier detection. Serum also contains microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression. miR-122 is specific to the liver and correlates strongly with liver enzyme levels and necroinflammatory activity, and other microRNAs are correlated with the degree of fibrosis. miR-122 has also been found to be required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whereas other microRNAs have been shown to play antiviral roles. miR-125a-5p and miR-1231 have been shown to directly target hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, and others are up- or down-regulated in infected individuals. MicroRNA profiles also differ in the case of HBV and HCV infection as well as between HBeAg-positive and negative patients, and in patients with occult versus active HBV infection. In such patients, monitoring of changes in microRNA profiles might provide earlier warning of neoplastic changes preceding HCC.
Dissecting Marriage Fraud as a True Immigration Crime
Authors: Asllani George
Published: February 2016

Marriage fraud is considered a true immigration crime in that not only does it carry penalties related to an immigrant’s status, but also severe penal consequences under federal law. This paper seeks to explore how a case of marriage fraud is discovered, investigated and prosecuted by immigration officials, and, ultimately, by the judicial system. The paper focuses on recent immigration law developments and lays out a blueprint of a marriage fraud case under the 1986 Marriage Fraud Amendments to the Immigration and Naturalization Act.
Rational Control of Spin-Crossover Particle Sizes: From Nano- to Micro-Rods of [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)
Authors: Moulet Lucie , Daro Nathalie , Etrillard Céline , Létard Jean-François , Grosjean Arnaud , Guionneau Philippe
Published: February 2016

The spin-crossover (SCO) materials based on iron (II) and triazole ligands can change their spin state under an external perturbation such as temperature, pressure or light irradiation, exhibiting notably large hysteresis in their physical properties’ transitions. If these aspects are investigated for decades, it is only in the recent years that the design of SCO particles has attracted the attention of the scientific community with increasing interest focusing on the possibility of getting wide ranges of sizes and shapes of nanoparticles. In this context, we rationalized the reverse-micellar synthesis, thanks to the scrutiny of the experimental parameters, to produce SCO particles with controlled size and shape. This approach has been performed for the reference one-dimensional (1D) polymeric spin-crossover compound of formula [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4). A synergetic effect of both time and temperature is revealed as being of paramount importance to control the final particle size. Consequently, under well-defined experimental conditions, we can now offer rod-shaped SCO particles with lengths ranging from 75 to 1000 nm.
Insights into Putative Health Implications of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) Honey: Evidence from In-Vivo and In-Vitro Studies
Authors: Chan Boon , Haron Hasnah
Published: February 2016

Honey has been used as a therapeutic agent since ancient times for health maintenance and the treatment of various ailments. In modern days, researchers reappraised the therapeutic values of honey, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and wound healing properties. These findings supported its applications in the modern healthcare system as complementary medicine. Gelam honey (GH) is a monofloral Malaysian honey which has been proven to have considerable health benefits. This paper presents a state of the art review on the therapeutic values of GH. A descriptive elucidation is performed to elaborate a wide spectrum of biological activities of GH using evidence from a considerable body of literature. The compositional and physiochemical characteristics of GH have contributed substantially to its putative biological properties. A brief explanation will be presented on GH attributes to familiarize readers with this novel natural health product.
Porosity and Permeability of Round Top Mountain Rhyolite (Texas, USA) Favor Coarse Crush Size for Rare Earth Element Heap Leach
Authors: Negron Lorraine , Pingitore Nicholas , Gorski Daniel
Published: February 2016

Water-saturation porosity and dye-penetration permeability measurements of Round Top Mountain rhyolite confirm that a ½-inch (13-mm) crush size would permit efficient acid heap leaching of yttrium and heavy rare earth elements (YHREEs) hosted in yttrofluorite, a YHREE-substituted variety of fluorite. Laboratory acid leaching has extracted up to 90% of the YHREEs. The bulk insoluble gangue mineralogy of the rhyolite, 90% to 95% quartz and feldspars, assures low acid consumption. Different crush sizes were weighed, soaked in water, and reweighed over time to determine water-penetration estimated porosity. Typical porosities were 1% to 2% for gray and 3% to 8% for pink varieties of Round Top rhyolite. The same samples were re-tested after soaking in dilute sulfuric to simulate heap leaching effects. Post-leach porosity favorably increased 15% in pink and 50% in gray varieties, due to internal mineral dissolution. Next, drops of water-based writing ink were placed on rhyolite slabs up to ~10 mm thick, and monitored over time for visual dye breakthrough to the lower side. Ink penetration through 0.5 to 2.5-mm-thick slabs was rapid, with breakthrough in minutes to a few hours. Pink rhyolite breakthrough was faster than gray. Thicker slabs, 4 to 10 mm, took hours to three days for breakthrough. Porosity and permeability of the Round Top rhyolite and acid solubility of the yttrofluorite host should permit liberation of YHREEs from the bulk rock by inexpensive heap leaching at a coarse and inexpensive nominal ½-inch (13-mm) crush size. The rate-limiting step in heap leach extraction would be diffusion of acid into, and back-diffusion of dissolution products out of, the crushed particles. The exceptional porosity and permeability that we document at Round Top suggest that there may be other crystalline rock deposits that economically can be exploited by a coarse-crush bulk heap leach approach.
New Bufadienolides Isolated from the Roots of Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Moniuszko-Szajwaj Barbara , Pecio Łukasz , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Stochmal Anna
Published: February 2016

An aqueous extract from the roots of Kalanchoe daigremontiana turned out to be a rich source of bufadienolides. The existing literature data relate mainly to the aerial parts of Kalanchoe but there is no information about the metabolic profile of the roots, which are also used in traditional medicine. Our investigation concerning the roots of K. daigremontiana led to the isolation and characterization of eight new bufadienolides, namely 1β,3β,5β,14β,19-pentahydroxybufa-20,22-dienolide (1), 19-(acetyloxy)-1β,3β,5β,14β-tetrahydroxybufa-20,22-dienolide (2), 3β-O-α-l-rhamno-pyranosyl-5β,11α,14β,19-tetrahydroxybufa-20,22-dienolide (3), 19-(acetyloxy)-3β,5β,11α,14β-tetrahydroxybufa-20,22-dienolide (4), 3β,5β,11α,14β,19-pentahydroxy-12-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide (5), 19-(acetyloxy)-3β,5β,11α,14β-tetrahydroxy-12-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide (6), 19-(acetyloxy)-1β,3β,5β,11α,14β-pentahydroxy-12-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide (7) and 1β-(acetyloxy)-3β,5β,11α,14β,19-pentahydroxy-12-oxo-bufa-20,22-dienolide (8), together with seven known compounds: 11α,19-dihydroxytelocinobufagin (9), bersaldegenin-1-acetate (10), daigredorigenin-3-acetate (11), bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (12), bryotoxin B (13), bryophyllin B (14) and bersaldegenin (15). The structures were established applying extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses.
Nano-Welding of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Silicon and Silica Surface by Laser Irradiation
Authors: Yuan Yanping , Chen Jimin
Published: February 2016

In this study, a continuous fiber laser (1064 nm wavelength, 30 W/cm2) is used to irradiate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on different substrate surfaces. Effects of substrates on nano-welding of MWCNTs are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). For MWCNTs on silica, after 3 s irradiation, nanoscale welding with good quality can be achieved due to breaking C–C bonds and formation of new graphene layers. While welding junctions can be formed until 10 s for the MWCNTs on silicon, the difference of irradiation time to achieve welding is attributed to the difference of thermal conductivity for silica and silicon. As the irradiation time is prolonged up to 12.5 s, most of the MWCNTs are welded to a silicon substrate, which leads to their frameworks of tube walls on the silicon surface. This is because the accumulation of absorbed energy makes the temperature rise. Then chemical reactions among silicon, carbon and nitrogen occur. New chemical bonds of Si–N and Si–C achieve the welding between the MWCNTs and silicon. Vibration modes of Si3N4 appear at peaks of 363 cm−1 and 663 cm−1. There are vibration modes of SiC at peaks of 618 cm−1, 779 cm−1 and 973 cm−1. The experimental observation proves chemical reactions and the formation of Si3N4 and SiC by laser irradiation.
Supramolecular Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes: Application to the Catalytic Oxidation of Hydroxylamines
Authors: Shah Nimesh , Basu Pallabita , Prakash Praveen , Donck Simon , Gravel Edmond , Namboothiri Irishi , Doris Eric
Published: February 2016

A supramolecular heterogeneous catalyst was developed by assembly and stabilization of gold nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nanotubes. A layer-by-layer assembly strategy was used and the resulting nanohybrid was involved in the catalytic oxidation of hydroxylamines under mild conditions. The nanohybrid demonstrated high efficiency and selectivity on hydroxylamine substrates.
Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Crystalline Gallium Nitride Nanopowder from Gallium Nitrate Hydrate and Melamine
Authors: Kim Tae-Hee , Choi Sooseok , Park Dong-Wha
Published: February 2016

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanopowder used as a blue fluorescent material was synthesized by using a direct current (DC) non-transferred arc plasma. Gallium nitrate hydrate (Ga(NO3)3∙xH2O) was used as a raw material and NH3 gas was used as a nitridation source. Additionally, melamine (C3H6N6) powder was injected into the plasma flame to prevent the oxidation of gallium to gallium oxide (Ga2O3). Argon thermal plasma was applied to synthesize GaN nanopowder. The synthesized GaN nanopowder by thermal plasma has low crystallinity and purity. It was improved to relatively high crystallinity and purity by annealing. The crystallinity is enhanced by the thermal treatment and the purity was increased by the elimination of residual C3H6N6. The combined process of thermal plasma and annealing was appropriate for synthesizing crystalline GaN nanopowder. The annealing process after the plasma synthesis of GaN nanopowder eliminated residual contamination and enhanced the crystallinity of GaN nanopowder. As a result, crystalline GaN nanopowder which has an average particle size of 30 nm was synthesized by the combination of thermal plasma treatment and annealing.
Human Collaborative Localization and Mapping in Indoor Environments with Non-Continuous Stereo
Authors: Guerra Edmundo , Munguia Rodrigo , Bolea Yolanda , Grau Antoni
Published: February 2016

A new approach to the monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem is presented in this work. Data obtained from additional bearing-only sensors deployed as wearable devices is fully fused into an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The wearable device is introduced in the context of a collaborative task within a human-robot interaction (HRI) paradigm, including the SLAM problem. Thus, based on the delayed inverse-depth feature initialization (DI-D) SLAM, data from the camera deployed on the human, capturing his/her field of view, is used to enhance the depth estimation of the robotic monocular sensor which maps and locates the device. The occurrence of overlapping between the views of both cameras is predicted through geometrical modelling, activating a pseudo-stereo methodology which allows to instantly measure the depth by stochastic triangulation of matched points found through SIFT/SURF. Experimental validation is provided through results from experiments, where real data is captured as synchronized sequences of video and other data (relative pose of secondary camera) and processed off-line. The sequences capture indoor trajectories representing the main challenges for a monocular SLAM approach, namely, singular trajectories and close turns with high angular velocities with respect to linear velocities.
Merge Fuzzy Visual Servoing and GPS-Based Planning to Obtain a Proper Navigation Behavior for a Small Crop-Inspection Robot
Authors: Bengochea-Guevara José , Conesa-Muñoz Jesus , Andújar Dionisio , Ribeiro Angela
Published: February 2016

The concept of precision agriculture, which proposes farming management adapted to crop variability, has emerged in recent years. To effectively implement precision agriculture, data must be gathered from the field in an automated manner at minimal cost. In this study, a small autonomous field inspection vehicle was developed to minimise the impact of the scouting on the crop and soil compaction. The proposed approach integrates a camera with a GPS receiver to obtain a set of basic behaviours required of an autonomous mobile robot to inspect a crop field with full coverage. A path planner considered the field contour and the crop type to determine the best inspection route. An image-processing method capable of extracting the central crop row under uncontrolled lighting conditions in real time from images acquired with a reflex camera positioned on the front of the robot was developed. Two fuzzy controllers were also designed and developed to achieve vision-guided navigation. A method for detecting the end of a crop row using camera-acquired images was developed. In addition, manoeuvres necessary for the robot to change rows were established. These manoeuvres enabled the robot to autonomously cover the entire crop by following a previously established plan and without stepping on the crop row, which is an essential behaviour for covering crops such as maize without damaging them.
Last Advances in Silicon-Based Optical Biosensors
Authors: Fernández Gavela Adrián , Grajales García Daniel , Ramirez Jhonattan , Lechuga Laura
Published: February 2016

We review the most important achievements published in the last five years in the field of silicon-based optical biosensors. We focus specially on label-free optical biosensors and their implementation into lab-on-a-chip platforms, with an emphasis on developments demonstrating the capability of the devices for real bioanalytical applications. We report on novel transducers and materials, improvements of existing transducers, new and improved biofunctionalization procedures as well as the prospects for near future commercialization of these technologies.
HTLV-1 Rex Tunes the Cellular Environment Favorable for Viral Replication
Authors: Nakano Kazumi , Watanabe Toshiki
Published: February 2016

Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) Rex is a viral RNA binding protein. The most important and well-known function of Rex is stabilizing and exporting viral mRNAs from the nucleus, particularly for unspliced/partially-spliced mRNAs encoding the structural proteins essential for viral replication. Without Rex, these unspliced viral mRNAs would otherwise be completely spliced. Therefore, Rex is vital for the translation of structural proteins and the stabilization of viral genomic RNA and, thus, for viral replication. Rex schedules the period of extensive viral replication and suppression to enter latency. Although the importance of Rex in the viral life-cycle is well understood, the underlying molecular mechanism of how Rex achieves its function has not been clarified. For example, how does Rex protect unspliced/partially-spliced viral mRNAs from the host cellular splicing machinery? How does Rex protect viral mRNAs, antigenic to eukaryotic cells, from cellular mRNA surveillance mechanisms? Here we will discuss these mechanisms, which explain the function of Rex as an organizer of HTLV-1 expression based on previously and recently discovered aspects of Rex. We also focus on the potential influence of Rex on the homeostasis of the infected cell and how it can exert its function.
The Receptor-Binding Domain in the VP1u Region of Parvovirus B19
Authors: Leisi Remo , Di Tommaso Chiarina , Kempf Christoph , Ros Carlos
Published: February 2016

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is known as the human pathogen causing the mild childhood disease erythema infectiosum. B19V shows an extraordinary narrow tissue tropism for erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which is determined by a highly restricted uptake. We have previously shown that the specific internalization is mediated by the interaction of the viral protein 1 unique region (VP1u) with a yet unknown cellular receptor. To locate the receptor-binding domain (RBD) within the VP1u, we analyzed the effect of truncations and mutations on the internalization capacity of the recombinant protein into UT7/Epo cells. Here we report that the N-terminal amino acids 5–80 of the VP1u are necessary and sufficient for cellular binding and internalization; thus, this N-terminal region represents the RBD required for B19V uptake. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified a cluster of important amino acids playing a critical role in VP1u internalization. In silico predictions and experimental results suggest that the RBD is structured as a rigid fold of three α-helices. Finally, we found that dimerization of the VP1u leads to a considerably enhanced cellular binding and internalization. Taken together, we identified the RBD that mediates B19V uptake and mapped functional and structural motifs within this sequence. The findings reveal insights into the uptake process of B19V, which contribute to understand the pathogenesis of the infection and the neutralization of the virus by the immune system.
Effects of virus infection on pollen production and pollen performance: Implications for the spread of resistance alleles
Authors: Harth Jacquelyn E. , Winsor James A. , Weakland Danelle R. , Nowak Kayla J. , Ferrari Matthew J. , Stephenson Andrew G.
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:

Studies over the past 25 years have shown that environmental stresses adversely affect male function, including pollen production and pollen performance (germination and pollen tube growth rate). Consequently, genetic variation among plants in resistance to a stress has the potential to impact pollen donation to conspecifics and, if deposited onto a stigma, the ability of the pollen to achieve fertilization. We examined the effects of a nonlethal virus epidemic on pollen production and pollen performance in a population of susceptible and resistant (transgenic) wild squash (Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana).

METHODS:

We grew 135 susceptible and 45 virus‐resistant wild squash plants in each of two 0.4‐ha fields, initiated a zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) epidemic, and recorded staminate and pistillate flower production per plant over the field season and the total number of mature fruit. We also assessed pollen production per flower on ZYMV‐infected and non‐infected plants and the ability of pollen from flowers on infected and non‐infected plants to achieve fertilization under competitive conditions.

KEY RESULTS:

ZYMV infection reduced flower and fruit production per plant and pollen production per flower. Pollen from infected plants was also less likely to sire a seed under competitive conditions.

CONCLUSIONS:

ZYMV infection adversely impacts the amount of pollen that can be donated to conspecifics, and pollen competition within the styles increases the probability that the ovules are fertilized by pollen from plants that are thriving when challenged by a viral disease.
Pollen competition in style: Effects of pollen size on siring success in the hermaphroditic common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: McCallum Britnie , Chang Shu‐Mei
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Pollen size varies greatly among flowering plant species and has been shown to influence the delivery of sperm cells to the eggs. Relatively little is known, however, about the functional significance of within‐species genetic variation in pollen size. This study tests whether pollen size influences the relative siring success of a pollen donor during in vivo pollen competition experiments.

METHODS:

We used two groups of Ipomoea purpurea plants genetically divergent in their pollen sizes and applied equal number of pollen grains from one large‐pollen and one small‐pollen donor onto the same stigma. Using microsatellite genetic markers, we identified the pollen parent of each of the resulting progeny to determine the relative siring success of the competing donors. Competitions between donors of equal‐sized pollen served as a control.

KEY RESULTS:

Differences in pollen size significantly affected the relative siring success of a pollen donor; larger‐grained individuals outcompeted smaller‐grained competitors but not equal‐sized competitors. Relative siring success, however, sometimes varied across different pollen recipients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pollen size can influence the relative siring success of different individuals competing on the same stigma during postpollination processes. However, other factors, such as pollen–pistil interaction and environmental conditions, are likely to influence these competitions as well.
CORE REQUIREMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION, INNOVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: AL-HAKIM Laith Ali , HASSAN Shahizan
Published: February 2016

The present study aims to examine the relationship among core requirements of knowledge management implementation, innovation, and organizational performance in the Iraqi mobile telecommunications sector. A questionnaire was conducted on mobile companies based on a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The results indicated that core requirements of knowledge management implementation had a statistically significant and direct positive effect on innovation. The critical success factors of knowledge management and knowledge management strategies had a statistically significant and direct positive effect on organizational performance. Then the direct relationship of knowledge management processes with organizational performance was positively affected, but it was not statistically significant. The results also indicated that the innovation had a positive and statistically significant effect on organizational performance. More importantly, the results indicate that core requirements of knowledge management implementation had a positive and statistically significant effect on organizational performance through the partial mediating effect of innovation.
Public Spaces for Children in a Post-Socialist City
Authors: Krklješ Milena , Nedučin Dejana
Published: February 2016

AIM: The aim of this research is to present the outcomes of urban transformations during the post-socialist period in Novi Sad, Serbia, from the aspect of quality of public spaces for children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is a contribution to the process of designing public spaces for children in the times of rapid urban changes and a step forward to creating adequate places for children’s play.RESULTS: The socialist legacy of architectural design and urban planning strategies in terms of housing was altered by the new post-socialist patterns. Residential construction became insufficiently regulated and predominantly profit-driven, which resulted in a disregard of the value public spaces for children should have.CONCLUSIONS: Upon analysing public spaces for children in the city after transition, it can be concluded that there is a significant shortage of attractive places for gathering, play and other leisure activities in many of newly built urban neighbourhoods. It also seems that architects and urban planners did not pay much attention to children’s needs. The distribution of public spaces, their proportions and dimensions, programs and contents, should all be planned with the aim to create harmony between spaces and their users, making the whole process of socialization more successful and intensive.
Borges y Calvino: La genesis de la novela Si una noche de invierno un viajero
Authors: Štoka Tea
Published: February 2016

El crítico italiano Cesare Segre1   adscribe la génesis de la novela de Calvino Si una noche de invierno un viajero al cuento de Borges Examen de la obra de Herbert Quain, que figura entre los trece cuentos de Ficciones (1944). En este cuento, Borges describe, analiza y comenta las novelas de Herbert Quain inventadas como si fueran obras literarias reales. Las emplaza al mismo nivel de realidad que las obras dramáticas de Shakespeare, las novelas de Henry James y Gustavo Flaubert.
Algunas imágenes del otro en la literatura antigua eslovena o qué tienen que ver los españoles con los turcos
Authors: Pregelj Barbara
Published: February 2016

El carácter de toda la sociedad en el territorio esloveno entre los siglos IX y XVI –y sobre todo de los siglos XV y XVI– está fuertemente marcado por los constantes ataques de los turcos y por la organización de la defensa contra ellos.2  No es de extrañar, entonces, que la referencia a los turcos1  sea un tema constante de la literatura eslovena antigua, en la que la imagen de los turcos la mayoría de las veces está asociada al miedo, a la pobreza, a la ignorancia, a los secuestros y a la muerte. Pero los hechos históricos en distintas épocas provocaban distintas interpretaciones. Para ilustrarlos, en este artículo recurro a tres poemas diferentes para trazar la imagen del Otro –los árabes y los turcos, en concreto– en dos épocas distintas de la literatura antigua eslovena: en la Edad Media y en el Renacimiento.
Miradas, representaciones y literatura en el ocaso de la edad media
Authors: Sanmartín Bastida Rebeca
Published: February 2016

El siglo XV es una centuria donde progresivamente se abandona la oralidad del escrito y la lectura en silencio comienza a hacerse hábito. Asimismo, el texto se vuelve materia de imprenta, alejándose de la personal marca del manuscrito. En medio de estos cambios, la literatura toma formas de escritura diversas, y quizás metamorfosea en su manera de construirse esos traslados materiales del lenguaje, los cambios de la creación y de la recepción. Ahora se implanta un estadio intermedio más entre el papel y el autor: la versión última no es la del manuscrito que se termina y se rubrica a la luz del candil, sino la que componenlos Hurus o los Hagembach. Y su lector no se pone en contacto con los interminables borrones de pluma de copistas que trasmiten su texto pasándolo de mano en mano, glosándolo a veces, escribiendo al margen, reescribiendo, reinventando incluso, como ha mostrado muy bien Dagenais (1994). Paradójicamente, el texto se hace más del autor mediante este cambio, será menos reelaborado por otros, definirá la función de creador, ya primero y último: es más, la creará tal como la conocemos hoy en día. Pero, al tiempo, se disminuye la comunión entre autor y lector, éste ya no glosará públicamente a aquél, convirtiéndose como tantas veces en nuevo escritor del texto para otros, sino que el fenómeno estético deviene fenómeno de extremos –autor y lector escindidos en sus funciones–, acabando la relación casi táctil entre ambos1.
Identidad y excedente ideológico en el Quijote de Cervantes
Authors: De Vicente Hernando César
Published: February 2016

Ante El Quijote cabe preguntarse qué nos plantea hoy esta novela. Uno puede adoptar la posición académica de hacer una nueva lectura, pues para buena parte de la crítica «cada generación debe tener su lectura de esta novela». En tal caso parece que estuviéramos ante un texto fundamental, como entre los siglos XI y XVII se hizo con el texto sagrado de La Biblia, al que tendríamos que volver constantemente como si se tratara de una fuente de la que pudiera tomarse elementos para comprender o interpretar o incluso intervenir en nuestro mundo. Una posible muestra de esta posición es la utilización de las afirmaciones de Don Quijote o de otros personajes como programa crítico de nuestro tiempo. Para otra tendencia de la institución literaria El Quijote es parte de un patrimonio cultural que nos ofrece la posibilidad de reconstruir la historia de un país, de sus costumbres, de su lengua, etc. Naturalmente esta tendencia ofrece dos vías que hemos conocido en España: una vía nacional-fascista (defensa de un Imperio), y otra vía social-burguesa (defensa de unos valores).
El funeral de José Ángel Valente y el valor de silencio
Authors: Calvo Rodríguez José Andrés
Published: February 2016

En la poesía de Valente, la discrepancia entre el significante y el significado se oculta por el signo en su función comunicadora, pero en su labor de conocimiento, el signo se vacía de sí mismo para servirse de la inadecuación entre el decir y el significar con el objetivo de liberar el sentido de los márgenes –límites– establecidos por la mitología implícita de los discursos críticos.1   En este sentido, se ha postulado una zona «crítica» de vacuidad en la que el signo poético se puede liberar de la prioridad negativa de la catacresis -estructura de «crisis»– y abrirse a un caudal incontenible de significados, que la crítica literaria ha identificado como una cualidad de inefabilidad o de ininteligibilidad del lenguaje, que es ajena a éste, pero que es característica de la propia crítica literaria; y que, proyectada sobre lo poético, pretende disimular su mentira.
De recuerdos y memorias en los últimos Episodios nacionales de Galdós
Authors: Francisco Muñoz Marquina Francisco
Published: February 2016

Así se expresa el narrador cuando Santiaguito Ibero, protagonista de Prim y La de los tristes destinos, intenta recordar el nombre de una persona cuyas facciones ha reconocido, y no hay que esperar mucho a que ese nombre llegue de forma efectiva a los labios del personaje ("la memoria le dio con fulgor de relámpago el nombre del sujeto", se dice en el párrafo siguiente). Igual, seguramente, le aconteció a Galdós más de una vez en la composición de los últimos ocho episodios nacionales, que relatan los años finales del reinado de Isabel II, el posterior sexenio revolucionario y los albores de la Restauración. Y no es sólo que muchos de los eventos históricos que tienen lugar en ellos sean acontecimientos ya vividos por el joven Galdós, a quien, por tanto, le basta con recuperarlos de su memoria, sino que numerosos personajes secundarios y sucesos menores deben de proceder, como es lógico, de recuerdos del propio escritor: es lo que sucede, sin duda, con las abundantes referencias a periodistas y redacciones de prensa de una época en que él comenzaba a hacer sus primeros pinitos en una profesión en la que pronto destacó, llegando a ser director de El Debate.
Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita, y Don Juan Manuel, Infante de Castilla : dos miradas para un mundo en crisis o la literatura como herramienta
Authors: Escalera Cordero Matías
Published: February 2016

Hace unos años -en el cuarto número de Verba Hispanica-, en un trabajo titulado Juan Ruiz, un hombre de nuestro tiempo -fundamentado en lo sustancial por las lecturas que del Libro de buen amor, y de la figura de su autor, habían hecho Américo Castro y Jullio Rodríguez Puértolas -, comprobamos cómo la premeditada -y, en absoluto, casualcomplejidad interna del Libro se cimienta no sólo en la diversidad de los materiales que contiene y lo construyen, sino, sobre todo, en la unidad de sentido, que podríamos nombrar proto/novelesca, del conjunto entero: articulada, primero, en tomo de la "ficción realista" -psicológica- del yo literario que los informa; en la lógica –intensamente dialéctica- que los organiza; y, finalmente, en la radical ironía mediante la que el autor desentraña y desactiva todos y cada uno de los -engañosos- discursos artísticos, religiosos e ideológicos dominantes en su tiempo; especialmente, el cortesano, el clerical y el monetario.
Cabral Martins, Fernando (2008). Dicionário de Fernando Pessoa e do modernismo português. Lisboa: Caminho; 959 pp.
Authors: Markič Jasmina
Published: February 2016

Fernando Pessoa es, sin duda alguna, uno de los mayores poetas portugueses y europeos. En noviembre 2008 fue publicado un extenso libro, una especie de enciclopedia, intitulado Dicionário de Fernando Pessoa e do Modernismo Português. Fernando Cabral Martins, profesor de literatura y cultura portuguesas en la universidad lisboeta Universidade Nova de Lisboa, traductor y ensayista, editor de antologías literarias y autor de estudios sobre los modernistas portugueses, en especial sobre Fernando Pessoa, Mario de Sá Carneiro y Almada Negreiros, es el editor y uno de los autores de esta obra.
Žarko Petan: [odlomki iz knjige Hoja za očetom]
Authors: Petan Žarko
Published: February 2016

El escritor žarko Petan nació en 1929 en Ljubljana. Escribe novelas, cuentos cortos, obras de teatro, poesía, ensayos y cuentos infantiles. Los rasgos más destacados de su li- teratura son el humor y la sátira, y se ha afirmado, tanto en Eslovenia como en el extranjero, como excelente autor de aforismos. Recibió varios premios literarios y sus obras han sido traducidas a veintisiete idiomas. Es director de teatro –su labor teatral cuenta con más de ciento veinte puestas en escena– y fue también director del Teatro Nacional Esloveno (Drama).
El "mundo" de la nueva poesía: algunas
Authors: Atienza Luján , Luis Ángel
Published: February 2016

La poesía es el género literario más problemático cuando se trata de establecer sus relaciones con el mundo. Desde la famosa afirmación de Archibald Macleish de que un poema no significa sino que es, o el minucioso análisis de estructuras lingüísticas que llevaron a cabo Jakobson y Levi-Strauss con el soneto de Baudelaire, pocas veces se ha preguntado nadie por la radical relación entre palabra y mundo en este peculiar y minoritario género. Autores que han atendido a la referencialidad de la literatura en la esfera de una estética del compromiso, como Bajtín o Sartre, han relegado la poesía a simple juego de lenguaje. Según ellos, la poesía no habla de la realidad.
Bodas de sangre: la tragedia moderna y la problemática del yo
Authors: Becerra Mayor David
Published: February 2016

La figura de Federico García Lorca ha sido harto estudiada y por eso podemos afirmar, sin reparo alguno, que lo sabemos todo (o casi todo) acerca de la vida y la obra del poeta de Fuente Vaqueros. Sin embargo, conviene señalar también que la imagen que de Lorca se ha incorporado a nuestra tradición literaria no ha sido sino una construcción simbólica cuya sombra en ocasiones obnubila su propia realidad histórica. Lorca aparece casi siempre convertido en «el símbolo inequívoco del asesinato de un pueblo inocente e iner- me» (Rodríguez, 1994: 11) y las aproximaciones críticas que se han hecho sobre su obra suelen construirse sobre las cenizas de esa derrota.
Simbolizem in folklora v Valle-Inclánovi drami El embrujado: izgubljeni raj
Authors: Suárez Díez José
Published: February 2016

Članek se približa drami Ramóna de Valle-Inclána El embrujado (Uroceni) s simbolnega vidika, tako da opisuje in cleni besedilo glede na konotativno dimenzijo njegovih diskurzivnih elementov. Avtor opisuje tudi sklope, v katere se združujejo ti simboli in tvorijo konstelacije, ki osvetljujejo in pregibajo pomenske ravni. Simbolika, ki je prisotna v tem delu, nanovo kodificira besedilo – iz ljudskega besedila se preusmeri proti kmečki drami, ki spominja na izgubljeni raj. Prispevek pa se ne posveca rabi simbolov posameznih metodologij.
Análisis contrastivo de la expresión de la evidencialidad en serbio y español
Authors: Rajić Jelena
Published: February 2016

Análisis contrastivo de la expresión de la evidencialidad en serbio y español
La literatura posmoderna española: entre el fin de la dictadura y el auge de los mass media
Authors: Candón Ríos Fernando
Published: February 2016

La literatura posmoderna española: entre el fin de la dictadura y el auge de los mass media
Prof. dr. Mitja Skubic (19.12.1926 - 16.9.2015)
Authors: Kalenić Ramšak Branka , Markič Jasmina
Published: February 2016

Prof. dr. Mitja Skubic (19.12.1926 - 16.9.2015)
La construcción de las identidades lingüísticas: el caso de la variedad andaluza del español y las modalidades meridionales del serbio
Authors: Beljić Izabela
Published: February 2016

La construcción de las identidades lingüísticas:el caso de la variedad andaluza del español y lasmodalidades meridionales del serbio
Dedicatoria Prof. Dr. Mitja Skubic In memoriam
Authors: Escalera Cordero Matías
Published: February 2016

DedicatoriaProf. Dr. Mitja SkubicIn memoriam
Manipulação de informações contábeis no setor público brasileiro: evidências em dez casos pesquisados
Authors: Costa Giovanni P.C. Lustosa da , Gartner Ivan Ricardo
Published: February 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2015v12n26p141

A manipulação de informações contábeis é prática reconhecida em instituições públicas e privadas, embora sua evidenciação não seja simples. Este estudo tem o objetivo de evidenciar a ocorrência da manipulação contábil no setor público brasileiro e de analisar os possíveis impactos de tais práticas. O estudo utilizou a metodologia de análise de estudos de casos múltiplos, com foco na análise de dez situações de manipulação contábil, e apontou que a manipulação reflete as relações entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, bem como as relações Governo-Sociedade; Governo-Investidores; Governo-Setores Econômicos; e Governo-Estatais. 