bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANN‐based adaptive current controller for on‐grid DG system to meet frequency deviation and transient load challenges with hardware implementation
Authors: Patowary Moushumi , Panda Gayadhar , Naidu Bonu Ramesh , Deka Bimal C.
Published: September 2017

To maximise functional efficacy and reliability of distributed generations (DGs), this study leads to modelling, control, stability analysis, and hardware validation of a new adaptive current controller in the application of an on‐grid voltage source converter (VSC) system. For effective mitigation of power system hindrances without affecting the power quality (PQ), self‐tuning of weights associated with the proposed variable leaky adaptive step‐size‐least mean square (VLAS‐LMS) control algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) is updated in natural frame and felicitous shaping of VSC outputs are witnessed. The selection of a constant step‐size associated with proposed controller usually yields updating of same weights by all the sampling periods and hardly takes care of rate of convergence factor, which decides the stability of the controller. It can no longer avoid wavering of weights during grid disturbances, resulting in high‐filtering gains. Again, a constant leaky factor may lead to over‐ or under‐parameterisation of regularisation component. These disputes can be overcome in the proposed algorithm by the introduction of an adaptive step size along with a variable leaky factor. Furthermore, PQ is maintained as trade‐off by the inclusion of detuned LC filter. Experimental outcome ensures the validation and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Algebraic modelling of a two level supply chain with defective items
Authors: Seliaman Mohamed E. , Khan Mehmood , Cárdenas-Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo
Published: September 2017

M. Khan and M.Y. Jaber, Optimal inventory cycle in a two-stage supply chain incorporating imperfect items from suppliers. Int. J. Oper. Res. 10 (2011) 442–457, have addressed a two level supply chain of defective items. They compared three coordination mechanisms, i.e. cycle time; K–multiplier cycle time; and 2K–multiplier cycle time. This paper proposes a simpler algebraic solution for the K–multiplier cycle time mechanism without the use of differential calculus. The two level supply chain with defective items is illustrated with a numerical example. A sensitivity analysis is also provided.
What Does the Future Hold for Scientific Journals? Visual Abstracts and Other Tools for Communicating Research
Authors: Nikolian Vahagn , Ibrahim Andrew
Published: September 2017

Journals fill several important roles within academic medicine, including building knowledge, validating quality of methods, and communicating research. This section provides an overview of these roles and highlights innovative approaches journals have taken to enhance dissemination of research. As journals move away from print formats and embrace web-based content, design-centered thinking will allow for engagement of a larger audience. Examples of recent efforts in this realm are provided, as well as simplified strategies for developing visual abstracts to improve dissemination via social media. Finally, we hone in on principles of learning and education which have driven these advances in multimedia-based communication in scientific research.
Bleeding and Thrombotic Complications in the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Thomas James , Kostousov Vadim , Teruya Jun
Published: September 2017

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for >40 years to support lung and heart failure; however, bleeding and thrombosis remain serious complications. The known etiologies of bleeding include heparin effect or overdose, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and hyperfibrinolysis. Bleeding sites may include cannula insertion sites, recent surgical incisions, vascular access sites, lung, gastrointestinal tract, mouth, nose, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and brain. Massive bleeding in the brain, the most feared bleeding complication, can be rapidly fatal because it occurs in a rigid closed space, is difficult to drain, and cannot be stopped with direct pressure to the bleeding site. Pulmonary hemorrhage may cause irreversible lung damage. Management should be swift and precise to prevent fatal bleeding. In contrast, etiologies of thrombosis include high fibrinogen and factor VIII levels, heparin resistance, and platelet activation. Achieving the optimal anticoagulation balance to prevent bleeding and thrombosis in ECMO patients is extremely complex. Experts in hemostasis should be a part of an institutional ECMO team and continuously available for immediate management.
Estudio a largo plazo (más de 10 años de evolución), de las complicaciones de las artroplastias trapecio-metacarpianas de tipo ARPE®
Authors: Ferrero M. A. , Pérez C. , Iscar A. , Medrano B. , Rodriguez J. J. , Alsusi H.
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: La artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana es una patología incapacitante, que produce dolor, disminución de la fuerza, pérdida de destreza en la pinza y limitación de la movilidad del pulgar. Cuando fracasa el tratamiento médico se pueden realizar diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas. Las prótesis totales de la articulación representan una de ellas. Desde mayo de 1999 hasta abril de 2004 se realizaron, de forma consecutiva, un total de 116 prótesis totales de la articulación trapecio-metacarpiana en 103 pacientes que padecían artrosis, utilizando la prótesis no cementada y no constreñida tipo ARPE® (Biomet Spain Orthopaedics SL, Valencia). Se presentan en este estudio los resultados de la revisión clínica, funcional y radiológica de los pacientes revisados durante 10 años de evolución.

Material y Método: Los análisis de supervivencia fueron realizados mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. De los 103 pacientes, 6 fueron excluidos y 97 pacientes, con 109 prótesis acabaron el estudio.

Resultados: En la revisión de los 10 años de evolución, 102 (93,6%) eran prótesis funcionales y 7 (6,4%) prótesis eran consideradas prótesis fallidas (3 retiradas por aflojamiento, 3 luxaciones y 1 subluxación y dolor). La probabilidad de supervivencia de Kaplan–Meier fue de 94.1% [CI95% (90.4%,98.8%)]. Radiográficamente, 88 (86,3%) de las prótesis consideradas funcionales no mostraron evidencia de alteraciones del implante y 14 (13,7%) mostraron cambios radio gráficos que eran compatibles con la funcionalidad del implante. Se presenta en detalle el estudio de las complicaciones que han existido, con las posibles soluciones en las cirugías de revisión.

Conclusión: La prótesis total de ARPE® ofrece una alternativa de tratamiento segura y fiable en pacientes con artrosis trapecio-metacarpiana grado III y algunos de grado IV con buen capital óseo, sobre todo, en el trapecio. La mayoría de las complicaciones aparecen por defectos de indicación o por defectos de la técnica quirúrgica y se pueden resolver con recambio protésico o con trapecectomía dependiendo de las circunstancias del implante y del paciente.
Endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy: why scuff when you can flush the muck – make it an easy row to hoe
Authors: Bansal Rinkesh , Puri Rajesh , Choudhary Narendra , Bhatia Sumit , Patel Nisharg , Patle Saurabh , Patil Gaurav , Agarwal Amit , Prabha Chandra , Sud Randhir
Published: September 2017

Background and aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided drainage of symptomatic pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) followed by fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) placement offers several advantages such as higher technical success rate and the option of necrosectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS guided drainage of patients with WON by using FCSEMS and intracavitary lavage with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and adopting a step-up approach.

Methods A prospective open label study was carried out at a single tertiary care center between January 2014 and January 2016. Patients with symptomatic WON who underwent EUS guided drainage followed by FCSEMS placement were included. Primary end points were complete drainage with improvement in symptoms or major adverse events. Secondary end points were minor adverse events related to the procedures.

Results A total of 64 patients (mean age 36 years; 52 males) were included. Technical success was achieved in 100 % of patients and clinical success was achieved in 90.6 %. Complete drainage was achieved with FCSEMS alone in 18 (28.1 %), FCSEMS with necrosectomy using lavage in 40 (62.5 %), FCSEMS with percutaneous drainage (PCD) in 5 (7.8 %), and 1 (1.6 %) patient required salvage surgery. The major adverse event was life threatening bleeding in 3 (4.7 %) patients. Minor adverse events were non-life threatening bleeding in 2 (3.1 %) patients and stent migration in 3 (4.7 %) patients.

Conclusion EUS guided WON drainage with FCSEMS followed by necrosectomy with lavage using a solution containing hydrogen peroxide as a step-up approach is a minimally invasive and effective method with a high technical and clinical success rate. Patients with solid debris > 40 % need aggressive management.
Initiation of Basal Insulin Analog Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes and Reasons Behind Patients’ Treatment Persistence Behavior: Real-World Data from Germany
Authors: Moennig Elisabeth , Perez-Nieves Magaly , Hadjiyianni Irene , Cao Dachuang , Ivanova Jasmina , Klask Ralf
Published: September 2017

Background Poor treatment persistence can affect the real-world effectiveness of insulin therapy. A cross-sectional online survey in 942 patients with type 2 diabetes from 7 different countries evaluated patient experience when initiating basal insulin and the reasons behind insulin persistence patterns. Here, we report the quantitative results for the subset of patients from Germany.

Methods Adults with type 2 diabetes who had initiated basal insulin during the last 3–24 months, identified from market-research panels, participated in the survey. Patients were asked if they had ≥7-day gaps in basal insulin treatment, and were then classified as “continuers” (no gap since starting insulin), “interrupters” (≥1 gap within the first 6 months after starting insulin and subsequently restarted insulin), or “discontinuers” (stopped insulin within the first 6 months after starting and had not restarted at the time of the survey). For each country, 50 participants were planned per persistence category. Enrollment ended if the target quota was reached or enrollment plateaued. Data were analyzed overall and separately for each persistence cohort.

Results The 131 participants from Germany included 55 (42.0%) continuers, 50 (38.2%) interrupters and 26 (19.9%) discontinuers. The most common motivations to initiate basal insulin therapy were encouragement by physician or other healthcare provider (HCP; 54.2%) and expectation to improve glycemic control (42.0%). More than 95% of participants received training before and during insulin initiation (considered as helpful by 81.7%); most (67.2%) preferred in-person training. Continuers more frequently felt that insulin would help to manage diabetes and that their own views were considered when initiating insulin, they reported less concerns and challenges before and during insulin initiation than interrupters or discontinuers. The most common motivations to continue basal insulin were improved glycemic control (72.7%), improved physical well-being (49.1%), and instruction by physician or other HCP (45.5%). The most common reasons contributing to interruption/discontinuation were perceived weight gain (52.0%/50.0%), hypoglycemia (22.0%/38.5%), and potential adverse effects (30.0%/26.9%).

Conclusions Quality interactions between physicians or other HCPs and their patients before and during the initiation of basal insulin may help to manage patient expectations and to improve persistence to insulin therapy.
Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: insights into pathogenesis for novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Kang Yongbo , Pan Wei , Cai Yue
Published: September 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a leading cause of cancer-related death, is triggered by the complex interplay of host genetics and environmental factors. Mounting evidence has shed light on the association of the gut microbiota dysbiosis with CRC. In CRC experimental models, certain gut microbial strains have been shown to inhibit or attenuate immune responses, indicating that specific species among intestinal commensal bacteria may play either a pathogenic or a protective role in the development of CRC. Oral intake of probiotics/prebiotics can therefore serve as a therapeutic approach for CRC treatment. Microbiota studies in cancer, however, are still at the early stage, lack of quantitative data for clinic application. Fortunately, sequencing-based technologies are a boon to further investigation on the association of the intestinal bacterial flora and human diseases. This review considers the evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in CRC development and progression, responsiveness to immune system, and the related therapeutic applications of probiotics/prebiotics.
Frau Em. Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Ursula Schmidt-Tintemann 19. Juni 1924 bis 26. Juli 2017
Authors: Mühlbauer W , Biemer E , Steinau H , Olbrisch R , von Mallinckrodt G , Giunta R
Published: September 2017

Wolfgang Mühlbauer

Als Plastischer Chirurg der frühen Jahre und langjähriger Weggefährte verdanke ich meiner „Chefin“ die Berufung zur Plastischen Chirurgie,
beginnend mit einer stimulierenden Famulatur im Jahre 1960. Sie wurde gefestigt durch eine 4-monatige Tätigkeit als Medizinalassistent und
entscheidend geprägt durch die Rückholung von der University of Colorado in Denver, USA, wohin ich zur Facharztausbildung gegangen war, ans
neugegründete Universitätsklinikum r.d. Isar 1968. Sie begleitete meinen klinischen, akademischen und berufspolitischen Werdegang bis zur
Neugründung 1984 einer eigenen Abteilung am Klinikum Bogenhausen in München vertrauensvoll und fördernd.All die Jahre versuchte ich ihr
nicht nur in der Klinik eine Stütze zu sein, sondern auch privat in schwierigen Lebenslagen beizustehen, nicht zu Letzt im Sinne unseres
Hypokratischen Eids „unsere Lehrer zu achten, zu ehren bis ans Ende ihres Lebens“.
“I just know”: exploring self-knowledge in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Williams Veronika , Ryan Sara
Published: September 2017

The importance of lay knowledge in health care settings, particularly in relation to long-term conditions, has received increasing attention over the past few decades. However, there remains some way to go before patients’ experiential or self-knowledge forms part of current clinical decision making and care provision. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory condition which affects people on a daily basis. People living with this condition develop experiential knowledge about their symptoms and are, arguably, best placed to assess these and treat any acute worsening of their condition accordingly. Here we explore how people with COPD articulate their knowledge and make sense of it within the context of their everyday lives. We re-analysed data from a qualitative interview-based study with 44 participants living with moderate to severe COPD using a grounded theory approach. We found that participants focused their attention on symptoms and sensations of the chest while developing an embodied self-awareness that allowed them to assess whether they were experiencing an acute worsening of their condition. Participants appeared confident in using this self-knowledge to distinguish such acute flare ups from the daily variability of their condition, described as good days and bad days. We suggest that people with COPD are very attuned to their bodies despite the vagueness and sometimes seemingly unrelated nature of their symptoms and signs. We argue that self-knowledge should be acknowledged as valid and meaningful by both patients and clinicians. This is particularly important because of the clinical uncertainty about the precise onset and presentation of acute exacerbations in COPD.
Local segregation versus irradiation effects in high-entropy alloys: Steady-state conditions in a driven system
Authors: Koch Leonie , Granberg Fredric , Brink Tobias , Utt Daniel , Albe Karsten , Djurabekova Flyura , Nordlund Kai
Published: September 2017

We study order transitions and defect formation in a model high-entropy alloy (CuNiCoFe) under ion irradiation by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Using a hybrid Monte-Carlo/molecular dynamics scheme, a model alloy is generated which is thermodynamically stabilized by configurational entropy at elevated temperatures, but partly decomposes at lower temperatures by copper precipitation. Both the high-entropy and the multiphase sample are then subjected to simulated particle irradiation. The damage accumulation is analyzed and compared to an elemental Ni reference system. The results reveal that the high-entropy alloy—independent of the initial configuration—installs a certain fraction of short-range order even under particle irradiation. Moreover, the results provide evidence that defect accumulation is reduced in the high-entropy alloy. This is because the reduced mobility of point defects leads to a steady state of defect creation and annihilation. The lattice defects generated by irradiation are shown to act as sinks for Cu segregation.
TDPAC study of Fe-implanted titanium dioxide thin films
Authors: Schell Juliana , Schaaf Peter , Vetter Ulrich , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: September 2017

Fe-doping in TiO2 has been proven to improve several of its properties, including the photocatalytic activity. Time-differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) as the applied spectroscopy method is particularly interesting because it can probe the electric and magnetic interactions on a local atomic scale. In this work the hyperfine interactions on 111Cd atoms substituting Ti atoms in TiO2 due to nearby Fe atoms also diluted within the TiO2 lattice were measured as a function of temperature. The results review two fractions with distinct quadrupole interaction parameters. One site, occupied by the 111Cd probes, presents the smaller quadrupole interaction frequency, namely υq1 = 45 MHz, and can be ascribed to sites that are more distant from the Fe substitutional site whereas the second site characterized with υq2 = 62 MHz is related to Cd probe atoms that are closer to the Fe defect. Additionally, the system has been characterized using electron dispersive spectroscopy.
Plasma-induced flow instabilities in atmospheric pressure plasma jets
Authors: Lietz Amanda M. , Johnsen Eric , Kushner Mark J.
Published: September 2017

Pulsed plasma excitation of rare gases flowing into air has been shown to impact the stability of the flow in non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs). In this paper, the results from a numerical modeling investigation of the stability of a round He APPJ with a powered electrode exposed to the gas flow are discussed. Localized gas heating at the powered electrode occurs on the time scale of the voltage pulse, tens to 100 ns, which is short compared to the fluid timescales. An acoustic wave propagates from this heated, expanding gas and exits the jet. The wave disturbs the shear layer between the He and surrounding humid air, exciting a shear instability which grows downstream with the flow and increases the mixing of the humid air into the He. The effects of the eddy-dominated flow on ionization wave (IW) propagation in an APPJ were investigated. The IW followed the regions of the highest helium concentration, resulting in an increased production of NO, HO2, and NO2.
Design of a portable electronic nose for real-fake detection of liquors
Authors: Qi Pei-Feng , Zeng Ming , Li Zhi-Hua , Sun Biao , Meng Qing-Hao
Published: September 2017

Portability is a major issue that influences the practical application of electronic noses (e-noses). For liquors detection, an e-nose must preprocess the liquid samples (e.g., using evaporation and thermal desorption), which makes the portable design even more difficult. To realize convenient and rapid detection of liquors, we designed a portable e-nose platform that consists of hardware and software systems. The hardware system contains an evaporation/sampling module, a reaction module, a control/data acquisition and analysis module, and a power module. The software system provides a user-friendly interface and can achieve automatic sampling and data processing. This e-nose platform has been applied to the real-fake recognition of Chinese liquors. Through parameter optimization of a one-class support vector machine classifier, the error rate of the negative samples is greatly reduced, and the overall recognition accuracy is improved. The results validated the feasibility of the designed portable e-nose platform.
The asymptotic behavior of Buneman instability in dissipative plasma
Authors: Rostomyan Eduard V.
Published: September 2017

The problem of time evolution of initial perturbation excited at the development of the Buneman instability (BI) in plasma with dissipation is solved. Developing fields are presented in the form of a wave train with slowly varying amplitude. It is shown that the evolution of the initial pulse in space and time is given by the differential equation of third order. The equation is solved and the expression for the asymptotic pulse shape is obtained. The expression gives the most complete information on the instability: the space-time distribution of the fields, growth rates, velocities of unstable perturbations, the influence of the collisions/dissipation on the instability, its character, (absolute/convective), etc. All these characteristics of the BI are carried out by analyzing the expression for the shape. The obtained results may be applied to any system in which the red-shifted electron stream oscillations resonantly interact with ions. Asymptotic shapes of the BI are presented for various levels of dissipation.
Impact of carrier localization on recombination in InGaN quantum wells and the efficiency of nitride light-emitting diodes: Insights from theory and numerical simulations
Authors: Jones Christina M. , Teng Chu-Hsiang , Yan Qimin , Ku Pei-Cheng , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: September 2017

We examine the effect of carrier localization due to random alloy fluctuations on the radiative and Auger recombination rates in InGaN quantum wells as a function of alloy composition, crystal orientation, carrier density, and temperature. Our results show that alloy fluctuations reduce individual transition matrix elements by the separate localization of electrons and holes, but this effect is overcompensated by the additional transitions enabled by translational symmetry breaking and the resulting lack of momentum conservation. Hence, we find that localization increases both radiative and Auger recombination rates, but that Auger recombination rates increase by one order of magnitude more than radiative rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that localization has an overall detrimental effect on the efficiency-droop and green-gap problems of InGaN light-emitting diodes.
Study of SiOx thickness effects on aluminum-induced crystallization
Authors: Lee Doo Won , Bhopal Muhammad Fahad , Lee Soo Hong
Published: September 2017

The thickness effects of SiOx which was deposited as an intermediate layer between aluminum and silicon were studied on Aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC). The SiOx layer thickness varied from 2 nm to 20 nm and affected the crystallization process of the AIC. In the case of the thin SiOx layer, crystallized silicon morphology showed kinetic-limited aggregation. On the other hand, crystallized silicon processed with the thick SiOx layer showed diffusion-limited aggregation due to slow silicon diffusion velocity. Kinetic-limited aggregation showed large grain. The schematic crystallization model was used to describe the relationship between crystallization and grain size in this paper.
The relation of religion and spirituality to time management: examining the lives and careers of FranklinCovey co-founders – Hyrum W. Smith & Stephen R. Covey
Authors: Jensen Jordan R. , Neck Christopher P.
Published: September 2017

The relation of time, and the management thereof, to any human endeavor is self-evident from the simple standpoint that all cognitive, emotional, spiritual, and behavioral pursuits require time to engage. With this general truism in mind, what relationships exist between the management
of one’s time and the growth, nurturance, and maturation of one’s spirituality and religious practice both at home and at work? This paper explores possible answers to this question and otherwise draws implicit connections between time management and spirituality. The basis of
this article is an interview conducted with Hyrum W. Smith, age 73, about the role of time management in his life and work. Also included are archival records and current writings (specifically the books written by Smith and Stephen R. Covey). Hyrum W. Smith and the late Stephen R. Covey –
the co-founders of FranklinCovey Company – are two of the twentieth century’s highest profile and most successful corporate time management experts.
Massive data compression for parameter-dependent covariance matrices
Authors: Heavens Alan F. , Sellentin Elena , de Mijolla Damien , Vianello Alvise
Published: September 2017

We show how the massive data compression algorithm MOPED can be used to reduce, by orders of magnitude, the number of simulated data sets which are required to estimate the covariance matrix required for the analysis of Gaussian-distributed data. This is relevant when the covariance matrix cannot be calculated directly. The compression is especially valuable when the covariance matrix varies with the model parameters. In this case, it may be prohibitively expensive to run enough simulations to estimate the full covariance matrix throughout the parameter space. This compression may be particularly valuable for the next generation of weak lensing surveys, such as proposed for Euclid and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, for which the number of summary data (such as band power or shear correlation estimates) is very large, ∼104, due to the large number of tomographic redshift bins which the data will be divided into. In the pessimistic case where the covariance matrix is estimated separately for all points in an Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis, this may require an unfeasible 109 simulations. We show here that MOPED can reduce this number by a factor of 1000, or a factor of ∼106 if some regularity in the covariance matrix is assumed, reducing the number of simulations required to a manageable 103, making an otherwise intractable analysis feasible.
A Replication Study for the Association of rs11190870 With Curve Severity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Japanese
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Kou Ikuyo , Ogura Yoji , Miyake Atsushi , Takeda Kazuki , Nakajima Masahiro , Minami Shohei , Kawakami Noriaki , Uno Koki , Ito Manabu , Yonezawa Ikuho , Kaito Takashi , Yanagida Haruhisa , Watanabe Kei , Taneichi Hiroshi , Harimaya Katsumi , Taniguchi Yuki , Kotani Toshiaki , Tsuji Taichi , Suzuki Teppei , Sudo Hideki , Fujita Nobuyuki , Yagi Mitsuru , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kono Katsuki , Sakuma Tsuyoshi , Akazawa Tsutomu , Nishida Kotaro , Kakutani Kenichiro , Shigematsu Hideki , Iida Takahiro , Demura Satoru , Hosogane Naobumi , Okada Eijiro , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Watanabe Kota , Ikegawa Shiro
Published: September 2017

Study Design.

Case-only study.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to confirm the association of rs11190870 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) severity in Japanese patients with AIS.

Summary of Background Data.

Although the association of rs11190870 with AIS susceptibility is replicated in multiple ethnics, the association of rs11190870 with curve severity is controversial. Since the previous studies are of small, we performed a replication study using far larger number of patients than previous studies.

Methods.

A total of 1860 Japanese patients with AIS who had reached skeletal maturity or undergone surgical fusion were included in the study. We evaluated the association between rs11190870 and AIS progression for the entire group, and then for patients grouped according to a severe curve (a Cobb angle of ≥40°) or mild curve (a Cobb angle <30°). Because braces could affect the results of the present study, patients in the mild-curve group were divided according to whether or not they had worn a brace. We then evaluated associations between rs11190870 genotype and curve severity in these groups.

Results.

The mean Cobb angles were 54.8° ± 12.1° in the severe-curve group and 24.4° ± 4.0° in the mild-curve group. The difference in rs11190870 risk-allele frequency between the severe- and mild-curve groups was evaluated. No significant differences were observed. We then examined the association of rs11190870 risk-allele frequency between patients in the mild- and severe-curve groups using the χ
2 test for three models, and found a marginal association between rs11190870 and curve severity in the dominant model (P = 0.035, odds ratio = 1.51).

Conclusion.

We found no association between rs11190870 and curve severity using the criteria of previous study. However, we found a marginal association between rs11190870 and curve severity. Large-scale replication studies that consider skeletal maturity and brace history, including replication studies in other ethnic groups, would be helpful for clarifying the association.

Level of Evidence: 4
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Interface Design for Data Entry in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Wilbanks Bryan A. , Moss Jacqueline
Published: September 2017

Electronic health records use a variety of data entry methods that are often customized to clinician needs. Data entry interfaces must be appropriately designed to maximize benefits and minimize unintended consequences. There was relatively little evidence in the literature to guide the selection of specific data entry methods according to the type of data documented. This literature review summarizes existing data entry design recommendations to guide data entry interface design. Structured data entry uses predefined charting elements to limit acceptable data entry to standard coded data and improve completeness and data reuse at the expense of correctness. Unstructured data entry methods use natural language and improve correctness, at the expense of completeness and data reusability. Semistructured data entry uses a combination of these data entry methods to complement the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of each method. Documentation quality is influenced by the method of data entry. It is important to choose data entry methods based on the type of data to be documented. This literature review summarizes data entry design guidelines to inform clinical practice and future research.
Acute Care and Beyond: Stories and Lessons Learned
Authors: Bohannon Richard W.
Published: September 2017

This article presents a synopsis of the lessons learned from the literature, other people, and personal research. The lessons are broad ranging, but mostly focus on muscle strength, mobility, and the need for normative reference values.
Myoelectric and Body-Powered Upper-Limb Prostheses: The Users’ Perspective
Authors: Davis Carrie , St. Onge Mike
Published: September 2017

There are a number of considerations that clinicians weigh when guiding patients through the decision-making processes associated with upper-limb prosthetic rehabilitation. While clinical guidance is essential to such decisions, especially for an individual's first prosthesis, many patients benefit from peer mentoring and interaction. The opportunity to speak to someone who has experienced what they are going through can be extremely valuable and appreciated. Thoughtful clinicians have also benefited from years of listening to the perspectives of their patient clientele. The intent of this article is to present two users' perspectives that canvass some of the various considerations associated with congenital deficiency versus acquired limb amputation, unilateral versus bilateral limb absence, and the perceived benefits associated with body-powered and externally powered systems.
Improving the Quality of Evidence on Upper-Limb Prostheses Through the Standardization of Outcome Measurement
Authors: Resnik Linda
Published: September 2017

This commentary discusses the challenges in conducting systematic reviews of studies comparing upper-limb prostheses given the wide variety of outcome measures used in scientific research. The paper calls for the use of a standardized brief core set of validated outcome measures. A culture change is needed to facilitate widespread adoption of a standardized core set in all routine clinical encounters and research studies. The result will be critically needed data to enable comparison of outcomes of different prosthesis types and components, and ultimately, stronger scientific evidence to assist in clinical and policy decision making.
Attention and Visual Motor Integration in Young Children with Uncorrected Hyperopia
Authors: Kulp Marjean Taylor , Ciner Elise , Maguire Maureen , Pistilli Maxwell , Candy T. Rowan , Ying Gui-shuang , Quinn Graham , Cyert Lynn , Moore Bruce
Published: September 2017

SIGNIFICANCE

Among 4- and 5-year-old children, deficits in measures of attention, visual-motor integration (VMI) and visual perception (VP) are associated with moderate, uncorrected hyperopia (3 to 6 diopters [D]) accompanied by reduced near visual function (near visual acuity worse than 20/40 or stereoacuity worse than 240 seconds of arc).

PURPOSE

To compare attention, visual motor, and visual perceptual skills in uncorrected hyperopes and emmetropes attending preschool or kindergarten and evaluate their associations with visual function.

METHODS

Participants were 4 and 5 years of age with either hyperopia (≥3 to ≤6 D, astigmatism ≤1.5 D, anisometropia ≤1 D) or emmetropia (hyperopia ≤1 D; astigmatism, anisometropia, and myopia each <1 D), without amblyopia or strabismus. Examiners masked to refractive status administered tests of attention (sustained, receptive, and expressive), VMI, and VP. Binocular visual acuity, stereoacuity, and accommodative accuracy were also assessed at near. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parent's/caregiver's education.

RESULTS

Two hundred forty-four hyperopes (mean, +3.8 ± [SD] 0.8 D) and 248 emmetropes (+0.5 ± 0.5 D) completed testing. Mean sustained attention score was worse in hyperopes compared with emmetropes (mean difference, −4.1;P< .001 for 3 to 6 D). Mean Receptive Attention score was worse in 4 to 6 D hyperopes compared with emmetropes (by −2.6,P= .01). Hyperopes with reduced near visual acuity (20/40 or worse) had worse scores than emmetropes (−6.4,P< .001 for sustained attention; −3.0,P= .004 for Receptive Attention; −0.7,P= .006 for VMI; −1.3,P= .008 for VP). Hyperopes with stereoacuity of 240 seconds of arc or worse scored significantly worse than emmetropes (−6.7,P< .001 for sustained attention; −3.4,P= .03 for Expressive Attention; −2.2,P= .03 for Receptive Attention; −0.7,P= .01 for VMI; −1.7,P< .001 for VP). Overall, hyperopes with better near visual function generally performed similarly to emmetropes.

CONCLUSIONS

Moderately hyperopic children were found to have deficits in measures of attention. Hyperopic children with reduced near visual function also had lower scores on VMI and VP than emmetropic children.
Fibrous Catalyst–Enhanced Acanthamoeba Disinfection by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kilvington Simon , Winterton Lynn
Published: September 2017

SIGNIFICANCE

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) disinfection systems are contact-lens-patient problem solvers. The current one-step, criterion-standard version has been widely used since the mid-1980s, without any significant improvement. This work identifies a potential next-generation, one-step H2O2, not based on the solution formulation but rather on a case-based peroxide catalyst.

PURPOSE

One-step H2O2 systems are widely used for contact lens disinfection. However, antimicrobial efficacy can be limited because of the rapid neutralization of the peroxide from the catalytic component of the systems. We studied whether the addition of an iron-containing catalyst bound to a nonfunctional propylene:polyacryonitrile fabric matrix could enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of these one-step H2O2 systems.

METHODS

Bausch + Lomb PeroxiClear and AOSept Plus (both based on 3% H2O2 with a platinum-neutralizing disc) were the test systems. These were tested with and without the presence of the catalyst fabric using Acanthamoeba cysts as the challenge organism. After 6 hours' disinfection, the number of viable cysts was determined. In other studies, the experiments were also conducted with biofilm formed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteria.

RESULTS

Both control systems gave approximately 1-log10 kill of Acanthamoeba cysts compared with 3.0-log10 kill in the presence of the catalyst (P < .001). In the biofilm studies, no viable bacteria were recovered following disinfection in the presence of the catalyst compared with ≥3.0-log10 kill when it was omitted. In 30 rounds' recurrent usage, the experiments, in which the AOSept Plus system was subjected to 30 rounds of H2O2 neutralization with or without the presence of catalytic fabric, showed no loss in enhanced biocidal efficacy of the material. The catalytic fabric was also shown to not retard or increase the rate of H2O2 neutralization.

CONCLUSIONS

We have demonstrated the catalyst significantly increases the efficacy of one-step H2O2 disinfection systems using highly resistant Acanthamoeba cysts and bacterial biofilm. Incorporating the catalyst into the design of these one-step H2O2 disinfection systems could improve the antimicrobial efficacy and provide a greater margin of safety for contact lens users.
Dural MALT Lymphoma Detected by 11C-Methionine PET/CT
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Cuccaro Annarosa , Caldarella Carmelo , Hohaus Stefan
Published: September 2017

A 53-year-old man had a diagnosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas of the dura in the left tentorium. The patient underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT and 11C-methionine PET/CT in order to complete the staging of dural mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. 11C-methionine uptake was detected in multiple meningeal sites, including left tentorium, with no significant FDG uptake in the same regions.
Fossils know it best: using a new set of fossil calibrations to improve the temporal phylogenetic framework of murid rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha: Muroidea: Muridae)
Authors: Aghová Tatiana , Kimura Yuri , Bryja Josef , Dobigny Gauthier , Granjon Laurent , Kergoat Gael J.
Published: September 2017

Murid rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha: Muroidea: Muridae) represent the most diverse and abundant mammalian group. In this study, we reconstruct a dated phylogeny of the family using a multilocus dataset (six nuclear and nine mitochondrial gene fragments) encompassing 160 species representing 82 distinct murid genera from four extant subfamilies (Deomyinae, Gerbillinae, Lophiomyinae, and Murinae). In comparison with previous studies on murid or muroid rodents, our work stands out for the implementation of multiple fossil constraints within the Muridae thanks to a thorough review of the fossil record. Before being assigned to specific nodes of the phylogeny, all potential fossil constraints were carefully assessed; they were also subjected to several cross-validation analyses. The resulting phylogeny is consistent with previous phylogenetic studies on murids, and recovers the monophyly of all sampled murid subfamilies and tribes. Based on nine controlled fossil calibrations, our inferred temporal timeframe indicates that the murid family likely originated in the course of the Early Miocene, 23.0-16.0 million years ago (Ma), and that most major lineages (i.e. tribes) have started diversifyingca.10 Ma. Historical biogeography analyses support the Paleotropical origin for the family, with an initial internal split (vicariance event) followed by subsequent migrations between Afrotropical and Indomalayan lineages. During the course of their diversification, the biogeographic pattern of murids is marked by several dispersal events toward the Australasian and the Palearctic regions, mostly from the Indomalaya. The Afrotropical region was also secondarily colonized at least three times from the Indomalaya, indicating that the latter region has acted as a major centre of diversification for the family.
Heritable variation in bleaching responses and its functional genomic basis in reef-building corals (Orbicella faveolata)
Authors: Dziedzic Katherine , Elder Holland , Tavalire Hannah F , Meyer Eli
Published: September 2017

Reef-building corals are highly sensitive to rising ocean temperatures, and substantial adaptation will be required for corals and the ecosystems they support to persist in changing ocean conditions. Genetic variation that might support adaptive responses has been measured in larval stages of some corals, but these estimates remain unavailable for adult corals and the functional basis of this variation remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the potential for adaptation in Orbicella faveolata, a dominant reef-builder in the Caribbean. We conducted thermal stress experiments using corals collected from natural populations in Bocas del Toro, Panama, and used multilocus SNP genotypes to estimate genetic relatedness among samples. This allowed us to estimate narrow-sense heritability of variation in bleaching responses, revealing that variation in these responses was highly heritable (h2=0.58). This suggests substantial potential for adaptive responses to warming by natural populations of O. faveolata in this region. We further investigated the functional basis for this variation using genomic and transcriptomic approaches. We used a publicly available genetic linkage map and genome assembly to map markers associated with bleaching responses, identifying twelve markers associated with variation in bleaching responses. We also profiled gene expression in corals with contrasting bleaching phenotypes, uncovering substantial differences in transcriptional stress responses between heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible corals. Together, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that natural populations of corals possess genetic variation in thermal stress responses that may potentially support adaptive responses to rising ocean temperatures.
Dose-response surface fits to drought and nitrogen limitation applied together allow mapping of loci that exhibit nonlinear responses
Authors: Chang Megan M. , Nail Danielle Allery , Kazic Toni , Simmons Susan J. , Stapleton Ann E.
Published: September 2017

Crop improvement must accelerate to feed an increasing human population in the face of environmental changes. Breeding programs can include anticipated climatic changes and genetic architecture to optimize improvement strategies. We analyzed the genetic architecture underlying the response of Zea mays to combinations of water and nitrogen stresses. Recombinant inbreds were subjected to nine combinations of the two stresses using an optimized response surface design, and their growth was measured. Three-dimensional dose response surfaces were fit globally and to each polymorphic allele to determine which genetic markers were associated with different response surfaces. Three quantitative trait loci that produced nonlinear surfaces were mapped. Alleles that performed better in combinations of mid-range stresses were typically not the alleles that performed best under combinations of extreme stresses. To develop physiologically relevant models for future genetic analyses, we modeled the network that explains the response surfaces. The network contains two components, an elliptical paraboloid and a plane, that each combine the nitrogen and water inputs. The relative weighting of the two components and the inputs is governed by five parameters. We estimated parameter values for the smoothed surfaces from the experimental lines using a set of points that covered the most distinctive regions of the three-dimensional surfaces. Surfaces computed using these values reproduced the smoothed experimental surfaces well, especially in the neighborhood of the peaks, as judged by three different criteria. The parameters exaggerated the amplitudes of the simulated surfaces. Experiments using single stresses could misestimate responses to their combinations and disguise loci that respond nonlinearly. The three-dimensional shape evaluation strategy used here more thoroughly compares nonlinear, nonplanar responses. We encourage the application of our findings and methods to experiments that mix crop protection measures, stresses, or both, on elite and landrace germplasm.
Macroecology suggests cancer-causing papillomaviruses form non-neutral communities
Authors: Félez-Sánchez Marta , Murall Carmen Lía , Bravo Ignacio G.
Published: September 2017

Chronic infection by oncogenic Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) leads to cancers. Public health interventions, such as cancer screening and mass vaccination, radically change the ecological conditions encountered by circulating viruses. It is currently unclear how HPVs communities may respond to these environmental changes, because little is known about their ecology. Predicting the impact on viral diversity by the introduction of HPV vaccines requires answering the unresolved question of how HPVs interact. Although it is commonly believed that they do not interact (neutral theory), there are suggestions that HPV types may compete for resources or via the immune response (niche-based or non-neutral theory). Here, we applied for the first time established biodiversity measures and methods to epidemiological data in order to assess whether niche-partitioning or neutral processes are shaping HPV diversity patterns at the population level. We find that as infections progress toward cancer, HPVs communities become more uneven and a few HPVs play a stronger dominance role. By fitting species abundance distributions, we found that neutral models were always out-performed by non-neutral distributions, both in asymptomatic infections and in cancers. Our results suggest that temporally moving from a more even to a less even community implies an increase in competition, probably due to environmental changes linked to infection progression. More ecological thinking will be required to understand present-day interactions and to anticipate the future of the long lasting interactions between HPVs and humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are very diverse. Infections by HPVs are very common and chronic infections may lead to cancers. The more oncogenic HPVs are now targetted by effective vaccines, and this has raised the question of whether there may be a viral replacement if these dominant types were removed. This is a medical version of a classical ecological controversy, namely how much biodiversity distributions and community dynamics are explained by neutral theory plays out across ecosystems. For HPVs, epidemiologic studies before and after the vaccination have led to the widespread belief that these viruses do not interact. Here, we apply different methods developed in macroecology to the best available epidemiologic data to address this issue. Consistently, we find that HPVs form non-neutral communities. Instead, competitive niche-partitioning process and dominance explain best HPVs communities. We also find that the vaccine might not change such competitive niche processes. Beyond clinical implications, this garners support that niche processes often best explain biodiversity patterns, even in human viral communities.