bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European Court of Human Rights case law as a source of European Union law
Authors: Boichuk Dmytro , Hryhoriev Vitalii
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights as a source of law of the European Union. Within the scope of the doctrinal sources and the existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, the authors substantiate the logic of including existing the European Court of Human Rights case law in the EU law sources, citing arguments based on the EU law and the case law.
NT - 82 - Diset - Previsão de arrecadação de recursos do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT) para o período 2021-2024, segundo novas determinações legais
Authors: Koeller Priscila , Rauen André Tortato
Published: July 2021

O Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT) foi criado em 1969, com o objetivo inicial de garantir recursos para projetos de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. A partir do final da década de 1990, com o início da instituição dos fundos setoriais, seu objetivo se amplia e o FNDCT passa também a incorporar o incentivo à inovação. Durante os anos 2000, os fundos setoriais foram se ampliando, tanto em número quanto em recursos, garantindo robustez aos recursos do FNDCT. A importância do fundo para a ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) é inegável, tendo em vista que representou, em média, 33% dos recursos executados pelo governo federal na função ciência e tecnologia no período 2011-2020. Ao longo dos anos 2000, com o crescimento dos recursos do FNDCT e a necessidade de promover ajustes fiscais conjunturais, foram instituídos mecanismos que inibissem a sua completa utilização, como o direto contingenciamento e a reserva de contingência. Além disso, os recursos não utilizados em um ano, dada a natureza do fundo, não eram revertidos para utilização no ano seguinte. Consequentemente, os recursos não executados se destinavam a melhorar o resultado primário do governo em detrimento do fomento à CT&I. Para eliminar essas restrições (contingenciamentos) e garantir que os recursos arrecadados sejam destinados à sua destinação original, em março de 2021 foi aprovada a Lei Complementar no 177,1 que tem como principal objetivo garantir a estabilidade e continuidade de recursos do FNDCT para o apoio ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico e inovação. A nota pretende, então, analisar a evolução dos recursos do FNDCT, desde a sua criação até 2020, e apresentar estimativas de arrecadação para 2021 e 2022
Kaste en kleur
Authors: van daalen rineke
Published: July 2021

Wilkerson schreef een tweeluik over raciale verhoudingen in de VS. Het eerste boek behandelt de trek vanuit het zuiden begin twintigste eeuw, het tweede interpreteert de raciale verhoudingen van nu.
Investigation of SBRT and IMRT Techniques in Lung Radiotherapy: A Dosimetric Study
Authors: ATEŞ Elif
Published: July 2021

Objective: In our study, we aimed to compare the dose distrubutions of Accuray brand TomoTherapy device Volo treatment planning system lung stereoactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and intensity-adjusted radiation therapy in cancer dose distributions obtained using (IMRT) techniques and environmental doses.Matetial and Method: Computed Tomography (CT) images of 7 patients were transferred to the MIM contouring station for dose measurement. CT target volume via image; PTV right or left lung ,critical organs: heart, costa,esophagus, medulla, bilateral lung transferred to planning system. Lung tumors created virtually. In study 1 cm tumor of the size it is formed to be cm,3 cm and 5 cm. Spouse as lungtumor sizes change.in time, the cross-section (jaw) area of the TomoTherapy device will also be 1 cm, 2.5 cm and 5 cm it has been modified and tested for SBRT and IMRT techniques at each tumor size.Results: PTV dose treatment plans have been established to be 60 Gy and 3 fractions. The study 1 cm tumor of the size SBRT and IMRT techniques compared to the treatment of lung cancer as a result for 1 cm jaw, 2.5 cm jaw and 5 cm jaw in cm tumor size and 5 cm tumor PTV max, D95 values for 1 cm jaw used in size and bilateral, which is the critical organs. A significant difference in lung max values was found in favor of SBRT (p<0.05). 3 cm tumor size used in 1 cm, 2.5 cm and 5 cm jaw areas and 5 cm treatment compared to 2.5 and 5 cm jaw areas used in cm tumor bouts statistics on ptv max and bilateral lung max values at the end of the analysis, an agreed difference was found in favor of the SBRT (p<0.05) during treatment periods. At the end of statistical analysis in 1 cm jaw area used in 1 cm tumor size a significant difference in favor of IMRT has been identified.(p<0.05) and no significant differences were found for other critical organs (p > 0.05).Conclusion: As a result, 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm tumor sizes used in 1 cm, 2.5 cm and 5 cm section (jaw) areas according to both techniques preserved critical organs. But the SBRT technique showed better results in terms of target volume (PTV) and both lungs.
APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING: A STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY
Authors: Wen Zhi , Liao Huchang , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Antuchevičienė Jurgita
Published: July 2021

A variety of fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) models have been proposed to solve complicated decision-making problems. Many applications have been achieved, especially in the field of civil engineering. To analyze the developments about the fuzzy MCDM methods and their applications in civil engineering in recent years and further explore the future research directions, this study conducts a state of the art survey in which 52 journal papers focusing on the applications of fuzzy MCDM models in civil engineering from 2016 to 2020 are reviewed. We respectively classify these articles according to research problems and research methods. Through the literature review, we get findings in terms of the most concerned decision-making problem, the most widely-used evaluation criterion and the most popular fuzzy MCDM model. Furthermore, we present four aspects of research challenges and corresponding future research directions in the field of civil engineering, which may be helpful for researchers and practitioners to further investigate.
New Candidate Extreme T Subdwarfs from the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
Authors: Meisner Aaron M. , Schneider Adam C. , Burgasser Adam J. , Marocco Federico , Line Michael R. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Caselden Dan , Kuchner Marc J. , Gelino Christopher R. , Gagné Jonathan , Theissen Christopher , Gerasimov Roman , Aganze Christian , Hsu Chih-chun , Wisniewski John P. , Casewell Sarah L. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Allers Katelyn , Debes John H. , Allen Michaela B. , Stevnbak Andersen Nikolaj , Goodman Sam , Gramaize Léopold , Martin David W. , Sainio Arttu , Cushing Michael C. ,   The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration
Published: July 2021

Schneider et al. presented the discovery of WISEA J041451.67−585456.7 and WISEA J181006.18−101000.5, which appear to be the first examples of extreme T-type subdwarfs (esdTs; metallicity ≤−1 dex, T
eff ≲ 1400 K). Here, we present new discoveries and follow-up of three T-type subdwarf candidates, with an eye toward expanding the sample of such objects with very low metallicity and extraordinarily high kinematics, properties that suggest membership in the Galactic halo. Keck/NIRES near-infrared spectroscopy of WISEA J155349.96+693355.2, a fast-moving object discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project, confirms that it is a mid-T subdwarf. With H

W2 = 22.3 mag, WISEA J155349.96+693355.2 has the largest W2 reduced proper motion among all spectroscopically confirmed L and T subdwarfs, suggesting that it may be kinematically extreme. Nevertheless, our modeling of the WISEA J155349.96+693355.2 near-infrared spectrum indicates that its metallicity is only mildly subsolar. In analyzing the J155349.96+693355.2 spectrum, we present a new grid of low-temperature, low-metallicity model atmosphere spectra. We also present the discoveries of two new esdT candidates, CWISE J073844.52−664334.6 and CWISE J221706.28−145437.6, based on their large motions and colors similar to those of the two known esdT objects. Finding more esdT examples is a critical step toward mapping out the spectral sequence and observational properties of this newly identified population.
A new species of Asecodes Förster (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and first record of A. reticulatum (Kamijo) from China, with a key to Chinese species
Authors: Li Ming-Rui , Li Cheng-De
Published: July 2021

A new species of Asecodes Förster, A. medogensesp. nov. is described from Tibet, China and A. reticulatum (Kamijo) is reported from China for the first time. A key to all known species of genus Asecodes in China is provided.
Psychodidae (Diptera) of Azerbaijan and Georgia – faunistics with biodiversity notes
Authors: Ježek Jan , Manko Peter , Oboňa Jozef
Published: July 2021

Records of 46 Psychodidae (Sycoracinae 1, Trichomyiinae 1, Psychodinae 44) species/subspecies are presented in this paper based on specimens collected by sweep-netting in Azerbaijan and Georgia in 2019. Nine species are recorded for the first time since their original description; 12 species are new for Transcaucasia; 22 species are new for Azerbaijan; and 17 species are new for Georgia. Saraiella ressli montana Ježek, 1990 is proposed as a synonym of S. ressli Wagner, 1983, syn. nov. Knowledge of some aspects of the ecology and biogeography of selected (especially rare) species has been expanded and a clear pattern was found in species richness, rare species, and new records in relation to land use, habitat diversity, and preservation of the environment surrounding the sampling site.
Former des jeunes à l’entrepreneuriat dans les quartiers prioritaires : la question du tiers-accompagnant dans la construction du projet entrepreneurial
Authors: Distler Frédéric , Rasolofo-Distler Fana
Published: July 2021

Notre enquête qualitative relative aux jeunes porteurs de projet dans les quartiers dits « sensibles » a mis en exergue le rôle du tiers-accompagnant comme facilitateur de l’expression et de la réalisation du projet du jeune. La question posée est : peut-on apprendre à être entrepreneur. La réponse à cette question est contenue dans les qualités requises du tiers-accompagnant. Il est un repère structurant et un guide, il est un révélateur de potentiel, il facilite l’agir entrepreneurial. Pour développer la culture entrepreneuriale chez le jeune porteur de projet, le tiers-accompagnant favorise la confiance et l’estime de soi. Il facilite la création d’un réseau qui attribue une valeur au projet. C’est le réseau qui porte le projet et qui définit sa qualité intrinsèque. Les limites de notre recherche s’inscrivent dans l’absence de comparaison et d’étude longitudinale de jeunes porteurs de projet faisant l’objet d’un accompagnement entrepreneurial résidant dans un quartier dit « non sensible ».
En quoi la variété des stratégies pédagogiques favorise-t-elle l’implication des étudiants et le développement de leurs compétences en Soft Skills ?
Authors: Ait Kaikai Hanaa
Published: July 2021

Lors de ce présent article, nous allons nous interroger sur la manière dont les stratégies pédagogiques et leur variété agissent sur la dynamique motivationnelle des étudiants et contribuent ainsi au développement de leurs compétences en communication. Pour aborder cette question, nous avons eu recours à une étude quantitative auprès des étudiants de la première année de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université Hassan 1er et qui a porté sur les pratiques pédagogiques dans le cadre du module de communication. Les résultats auxquels nous avons abouti ont démontré l’importance de varier les activités pédagogiques en vue de susciter la motivation et l’implication des étudiants, qui interagissent mieux lorsque les activités proposées sont axées sur une approche active et dynamique.
De l'approche traditionnelle de formation vers l’approche digitalisée : un retour d’expérience personnelle
Authors: Boukil Aouatif , Benabdouallah Meryam
Published: July 2021

Le phénomène d’apprentissage a connu depuis des décennies de très grands changements dans la voie du développement. De la méthode traditionnelle triangulaire du triplet enseignant, cours et apprenant vers les méthodes innovantes et novatrices d’aujourd’hui. Comment la démarche d’apprentissage a pu se dynamiser ? Et quels sont les facteurs clés de succès de cette stratégie ? L’enseignement supérieur se différencie par l’ampleur de la matière à apprendre, la façon de faire, et l’acceptabilité de l’apprenant. Quelles que soient la discipline et la spécialité de l’apprenant, les sciences fondamentales, les sciences économiques ou le droit, plusieurs sont les méthodes adoptées pour acquérir le savoir. Cette contribution aura pour but de présenter, sous l’angle critique, un retour d’expérience personnelle de l’approche traditionnelle de formation vers l’approche digitalisée. Instrument d’aide au développement, la formation n’a de sens que si elle se réalise en présentiel. Le triplet apprenant, cours et enseignant représente le noyau de la formation. Un apprenant absent, un cours inachevé ou un enseignant en cas de détresse dégradent la qualité de l’apprentissage. Le digital a été apprécié comme un remède innovant permettant de surpasser tout type de contrainte qu’elle soit spatiale ou temporelle. En revanche, et à travers l’expérience, cette approche a généré des défaillances aussi bien au niveau de l’apprentissage qu’au niveau des apprentis.
L’analyse de l’activité réelle située, outil pédagogique de développement professionnel
Authors: Thiriet Jennifer , Lima Fernandes Alexandre
Published: July 2021

L’étude porte sur un dispositif pédagogique hybride s’adressant à des étudiants en apprentissage en licence professionnelle en gestion, production et valorisation en agro-alimentaire, et analysé selon la théorie de l’activité. L’objectif était de soutenir leur professionnalité émergente, en créant un espace numérique intermédiaire entre l’entreprise et le lieu de formation, avec pour objet de médiation, la vidéo d’un geste professionnel identifié comme critique par l’étudiant dans son apprentissage. La séquence filmée, tournée en entreprise, durait au maximum cinq minutes, sans montage. Elle a fait l’objet d’une auto-confrontation et de trois allo-confrontations avec des professionnels, et chacun de ces moments a donné lieu à une trace écrite où l’étudiant a rendu compte de son analyse. Les nombreuses reprises écrites de l’analyse du même geste, guidées par le questionnement de l’enseignante, ont développé la réflexivité des étudiants, qui ont pu eux-mêmes identifier leurs propres besoins pour renforcer leurs compétences professionnelles. L’étude, centrée au départ sur un geste situé, les a conduits, au fur et à mesure des échanges, à interroger finalement leur métier, inscrivant ainsi leur mission dans un contexte plus global de développement professionnel. Ce dispositif pourrait être amélioré en resserrant encore les liens tissés avec les entreprises et en constituant un répertoire de gestes professionnels filmés à destination de la formation professionnelle
One hypothesis, two methods, two results
Authors: Schröter Harm G.
Published: July 2021

Les contributions à l’histoire économique tentent généralement de vérifier ou de falsifier leur hypothèse en appliquant une méthode prédéterminée. Nous suggérons ici d’utiliser généralement plus d’une méthode, car des méthodes distinctes peuvent conduire à des résultats différents. À titre d’exemple, nous testons l’hypothèse selon laquelle, pendant toute une génération, le marché mondial du camion aurait été dominé par la triade États-Unis, Europe occidentale et Japon. Pour que notre argumentation reste claire, nous utilisons ici des méthodes statistiques très simples. Cette contribution commence par un aperçu statistique du marché mondial du camion : en effet, il existe très peu de littérature générale sur les camions. L’abondante littérature sur l’industrie automobile ignore plus ou moins la fabrication de camions. Sur cette base, nous appliquons à l’industrie mondiale du camion la thèse de la triadisation d’Ohmae – ce qui compte dans l’économie mondiale, c’est ce qui s’est passé au sein de la triade États-Unis, Europe occidentale et Japon. La répartition de l’industrie mondiale des camions confirme-t-elle cette thèse ? Nous avons constaté que le degré de cette confirmation varie en fonction de la méthodologie appliquée. Nous avons d’abord testé la thèse en utilisant une approche macro-économique, basée sur les pays, puis une autre micro-économique, basée sur les entreprises. Les deux méthodes fournissent des preuves qui soutiennent la thèse. Cependant, la perspective micro-économique soutient la thèse d’Ohmae dans une mesure beaucoup plus importante que la perspective macro-économique. Le résultat découlant d’une méthode est discutable, l’autre ne l’est pas. Enfin, nous mettons en lumière la relation étroite entre la méthode d’analyse et les résultats. La différence observée entre les analyses micro-économiques et macro-économiques dans ce cas précis souligne une fois de plus l’intérêt d’utiliser les deux approches indépendamment et parallèlement. De fait, l’application de l’une ou l’autre seulement fournirait une image incomplète de l’activité économique internationale en question.
Pediatric Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: A Clinical Review
Authors: Mancuso Robert F.
Published: July 2021

Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is the most common type of fungal sinus infection. AFS is a robust allergic reaction to inhaled soil fungi that causes sinus inflammation, and the fungal debris then accumulates in the sinus cavities. This accumulation can cause nasal polyps, facial pain and pressure, bone remodeling of the face, and even bone erosion, which can cause damage to the eyes and brain. AFS can also cause thick, sticky nasal mucus and postnasal drip, and it can affect the sense of smell. Most patients with AFS are adolescents who also have chronic symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Endoscopic sinus surgery to remove the disease and open the sinus cavities is the main treatment approach. Adjuvant immunotherapy is helpful in reducing the inflammatory response and preventing future recurrence of this allergy-mediated condition.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(7):e297–e303.]
Veneración profética en el Reino Nazarí de Granada a través de la creación y la transmisión de obras de hadiz musalsal (VII-IX/XIII-XV)
Authors: De la Puente Cristina
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza algunos aspectos de la veneración profética a través de un subgénero muy específico de la literatura de hadiz, el llamado musalsal o tradición profética encadenada. Este es el nombre que se le da al hadiz que el que en cada uno de los eslabones de su cadena de transmisión se repiten idénticas expresiones o dichos. A menudo, estas expresiones se refieren a cierto ritual o gesto que se lleva a cabo en el momento de transmitir la tradición profética. Por tanto, se estudian transmisiones altamente ritualizadas, en las que la cuestión fundamental es cómo se transmiten estos hadices y quién los transmite.
El marco cronológico elegido es el del Reino Nazarí de Granada, aunque este estudio es una continuación de otros trabajos sobre la veneración profética durante los períodos almorávide y almohade, época de la introducción y consolidación de este género en la Península Ibérica y el Norte de África. He compilado los autores y transmisores de musalsalāt en al-Andalus desde finales del siglo VII/XIII hasta la conquista de Granada, y he demostrado que el interés de estos autores por los hadices encadenados está relacionado con su interés general por la literatura de veneración profética y por la literatura de ŷihād.
Por último, he demostrado que el proceso de ritualización de la transmisión de hadices encadenados se convierte en una cuestión identitaria entre distintos grupos de ulemas andalusíes caracterizados por su piedad, y contribuye a incrementar su prestigio e integrarlos en una elite privilegiada de expertos.
Les cheminements de l’Église bulgare vers une émancipation et une autocéphalie face au patriarcat de Constantinople avant la période ottomane
Authors: Hannick Christian
Published: July 2021

Ce chapitre analyse les tendances à l’indépendance ecclésiastique en Bulgarie à partir de la fin du IXe siècle (arrivée des disciples de l’apôtre des Slaves Méthode) jusqu’à la reconnaissance de l’autocéphalie en 1235 sous le patriarche Germain II de Constantinople. Une attention spéciale est accordée au prétendu synode de Preslav de 893 et aux événements de l’année 927.
The autocephalous Orthodox Archbishopric of Serbia
Authors: Pirivatrić Srđan
Published: July 2021

The autocephalous Orthodox Archbishopric of «all the Serbian and Maritime Lands», i.e. Serbia, was founded by two consecutive acts of the Roman-Byzantine emperor and the Ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople in Nicaea, where both these institutions had been re-established after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders in 1204. Crucially important for the consecration of the archimandrite Sava of Hagion Oros as archbishop and for the creation of the autocephalous Archbishopric of Serbia was the prominent role of the emperor in the Church, marked by his title of the epistemonarches, which epitomized the different prerogatives the emperor had in the Church in the epoch of the Komnenoi imperial dynasty, such as the appointment of the patriarch and other clerics of the episcopal rank, as well as the limitation of ecclesiastical dioceses. The wider context for the establishment of a new local Church was shaped by the crisis in the Byzantine world and the growing influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Southeastern Europe, before and after the 1204. The jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church partially overlapped in Serbia, both theoretically and practically. Neither the Imperial nor the Patriarchal authority in Nicaea recognized the investiture of the then archbishop of Bulgaria (Ohrid) in 1216, a fact that meant his autocephalous archbishopric, which also included bishoprics in the Serbian state, was not in the liturgical communion with the Patriarchate in Nicaea. The Serbian ruler, Stefan Nemanjić, Sava’s brother, was crowned King by a papal legate in 1217, which opened the prospect of the integration of the regions under his control into the jurisdiction of the Roman Church. In such circumstances the creation of a new local autocephalous Orthodox Church – the widely accepted date is 1219 – was an important confirmation of the Imperial and Patriarchal authority under the conditions of crisis created by their involuntary exile. Their acts had very soon resulted in the creation of a network of Orthodox bishoprics in a new local Church, which was in ecclesiastical communion with the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate in Nicaea and which established a counterpoint in relation to the ecclesiastical conceptions and policy of the Roman Catholic Church. In this, Archbishop Sava had the support of the local monarchical authority personified in his brother Stefan, whom he consecrated King in 1221 presumably, in the coronation ritual at the monastery of Žiča, the seat of the new archbishopric and the coronation church of the future rulers as well. This act established the foundations of the political system that, in the lands under the dominion of the Nemanjić dynasty, would last for almost a hundred and fifty years.
Une métropole entre double appartenance et indépendance : Kiev, Constantinople et Moscou dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Tchentsova Vera
Published: July 2021

Au lendemain de l’annexion des terres de la « Rive gauche du Dniepr » par l’État moscovite en 1654, la situation nouvelle dans laquelle se trouvaient les orthodoxes ruthènes porta sur le devant de la scène diplomatique la question de leur émancipation vis-à-vis de Constantinople et de la subordination de Kiev au patriarcat de Moscou. Les premières tentatives en ce sens échouèrent pour de multiples raisons et ce n’est qu’en 1686 qu’une délégation russe obtint du patriarche œcuménique Dionysios IV le droit de consacrer à Moscou les métropolites de l’éparchie de Kiev, l’un des plus importants diocèses de son Église. Jusqu’ici trop ponctuellement exploitée pour l’histoire de cet événement fondateur, la documentation archivistique permet pourtant d’en mieux comprendre les enjeux politiques et de cerner plus précisément les motivations des patriarches orientaux impliqués. Ce chapitre présente les solutions canoniques trouvées à Constantinople face aux ambitions d’un parti ecclésiastique pro-uniate, proche des autorités polono-lituaniennes et favorable à une autocéphalie de l’Église de Kiev.
La question des autonomies et autocéphalies au concile de Moscou de 1917-1918
Authors: Destivelle Hyacinthe
Published: July 2021

Le concile de Moscou de 1917-1918 discuta du statut des Églises qui faisaient autrefois partie de l’Empire russe, et qui désormais revendiquaient leur autonomie ou leur indépendance : Ukraine et Pologne, mais aussi Géorgie, Finlande et Estonie. Ces débats furent l’occasion d’utiliser des expressions significatives de l’ecclésiologie russe : « partie » de l’Église, « région ecclésiale » (qui préfigure l’expression « territoire canonique »), et l’adjectif rossijskaja pour définir l’Église orthodoxe russe.
Editing for Man and Machine. Digital Scholarly Editions and their Users
Authors: Baillot Anne , Busch Anna
Published: July 2021

This article explores ways in which digital scholarly editions can reach new audiences by taking advantage of the computer-readability of their digital content. Based on the development work on the edition Briefe und Texte aus dem intellektuellen Berlin 1800–1830, we present different Open Access-based options that allow for interlinking datasets and facilitate the development of digital editions that go beyond what print editions can achieve on paper.
Some Answer Poems and their Manuscript History: Jonson, Herrick, and the Circulation of Verse
Authors: Bland Mark
Published: July 2021

This article uses manuscript sources and stemmatics to illuminate the history of the three answer poems that are discussed. The first example from Ben Jonson shows how he repeatedly tinkered with the text of a poem he wrote in answer to Sir William Burlase. The second example demonstrates that “Of Inconstancy” is an exchange between Jonson and Sir Edward Herbert, thereby adding a new poem to Jonson’s canon. The third example illustrates how Robert Herrick took a poem by another and then altered it to write a polemic against it. In both the last two cases, the article resolves issues of uncertain authorship.
Creators' Intentions and the Realities of Performance: Some Exemplary Editorial Problems from the Savoy Operas
Authors: Broude Ronald
Published: July 2021

When playwrights, composers and choreographers bring scripts, scores, and choreographies to first rehearsals, these are provisional documents that still need to be tested, transformed into audible sounds and visible movements. Works that are successful enough to be revived go through similar processes of testing and adjustment for each new production. In no genre are such adjustments so many or so far reaching as in opera. The Savoy Operas — the collaborations of Gilbert and Sullivan — constitute an excellent repertoire in which to study the dynamics of this process, for their genesis and performing history can be traced in a wealth of documentation. Although performances were controlled for three quarters of a century by the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company, a troupe committed to performing these works exactly as their creators had intended, numerous adjustments were made over the years. Because few good performers will regard any text as altogether binding, editors should supplement their clear texts with enough information, provided in critical commentary and appendices, to enable performers to exercise intelligently the freedom they will almost certainly claim.
From Christ the Saviour to God the Father: Adjustmentsto Forgiveness in Donne’s Short Poem, “Wilt thou forgive. . . ”
Authors: Lappin Anthony
Published: July 2021

Donne’s short religious poem, which begins “Wilt thou forgive…” has undergone numerous changes in its journey through the hands of copyists and into print. The establishment of a stemma and its analysis shows an early, theologically difficult and questioning poem which was progressively altered by different hands, a process which turned the short verses into a devout affirmation of faith, something quite contrary to Donne’s initial conception of the poem.
Does the Editor Know Better? The Editorial Vicissitudes of the 20th Century Polish writers
Authors: Pachoki Dariusz
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this article is to consider the question: Do authors always decide on the final form of their works? To explore the answer, this essay describes relations between authors and editors in chief. To this end, the essay provides some examples of the various forms this activity can take, and reflects on what we can learn about a text’s creation after the author regards it as finished. The examples will be derived from the manuscripts of the Polish author Leopold Tyrmand. His literary output was studied by many scholars. So far, however, such analyses of his works were mainly of a literary nature — and only examined rarely from a philological point of view. Nevertheless, it would not be fair to blame the scholars for this lacuna: surely many of them would consider such an inquiry if they did not lack the proper source materials. As a result, in the research of Tyrmand’s literary output practically no examination of Tyrmand’s creative process, no closer examination of the subsequent phases of the formation of text, and no compilation of its various variants or attribution problems has existed until now.
On the Threshold of Editorship. Or From Collection to Oeuvre
Authors: Subačius Paulius V.
Published: July 2021

The sole collection of verses by Jonas Mačiulis (1862–1932, pen name Maironis), the father of modern Lithuanian poetry, went through five editions in the author’s lifetime. The poet continued to improve the works of his youth until his advanced age, producing hundreds of textual variants. The first published versions of some verses, which are ranked as national classics today, cannot be considered finely crafted works by a long shot. From a retrospective point of view, one is surprised that such lengthy and tedious corrections could have yielded such nice final results, while a prospective approach might incite amazement at how the crude, primary rock of first versions could have concealed the possibility of such poetic gems. Taking a grandmotherly attitude towards his works, the author did not only polish their versification, but also applied different strategies throughout his rewriting process to use new editions to consolidate his own social and cultural position with the changeable standards of bibliographic codes over time. The problem editors of the Maironis’ posthumous editions face is that the authorial editions of his works differ in title, textual variants, and arrangement. As this article argues, both Maironis’ high standing in the Lithuanian cultural landscape and the elusive expectation of stability and comprehensiveness have discouraged editors to plunge into the dynamic nature of Maironis’ authorial manipulations up until today.
Creative Concurrence. Gearing Genetic Criticism for the Sociology of Writing
Authors: Hulle Dirk Van
Published: July 2021

This essay is an attempt to come to terms with a phenomenon that characterizes many authors’ oeuvres: the concurrent composition of several works. My suggestion is to refer to this phenomenon as creative concurrence, drawing on experiences from two related disciplines, bibliography and the history of the book — notably D. F. McKenzie’s “sociology of texts” and the concept of “concurrent production” — in order to cross-pollinate genetic criticism.
Reflections on Digital Scholarly Editions: From Humanities Computing to Digital Humanities, the Influence of Web 2.0, and the Impact of the Editorial Process
Authors: Doran Michelle
Published: July 2021

This essay offers an ongoing process of reflection on the role of the digital medium in creating scholarly editions of medieval Irish texts. What are the relationships between (digital) textual scholarship, (digital) scholarly editing, humanities computing, and Digital Humanities? How have these concepts changed our editorial praxis? The author discusses four different digital scholarly editions of medieval Irish manuscripts and then focuses one specific case: @ChronHib’s “The Poems of Blathmac Tweets”. This Twitter account of the eponymous edition presents a stimulating example of new forms of (user) engagement and the role of editors and audiences in the digital realm.
Tracing “Auto(bio)graphy” in “Three Novels” by Samuel Beckett: A Review Essay
Authors: Rosignoli Stefano
Published: July 2021

Review essay of Samuel Beckett, The Beckett Digital Manuscript Project. Instalments 2, 4, and 5 (digital modules and accompanying printed volumes). Directed by Dirk Van Hulle and Mark Nixon. Technical Realisation by Vincent Neyt. Brussels: University Press Antwerp (ASP/UPA); London: Bloomsbury, 2013–17.
Teaching Students With Learning Disabilities in a Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Khazanchi Pankaj , Khazanchi Rashmi , Randhawa Simran
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 brought unprecedented changes in the education sector at all levels globally. These rapid changes have transformed the way teachers are transacting the curriculum in K-12 classrooms. Teachers have had to adapt and depend on a virtual mode to reach students and facilitate student engagement and subsequent learning. In the absence of professional development support, such overnight changes and giant leaps from traditional face-to-face interaction with students have been extremely challenging for teachers and equally stressful for students and their parents. Many teachers describe their helplessness with growing absenteeism and delayed submission of student assignments. It is even more difficult for students with a learning disability to engage virtually for a longer time in front of a computer screen. They often need intensive, one-on-one support from the parent. This chapter aims to highlight the challenges faced by professionals to teach students with specific learning disabilities effectively in a virtual learning environment and identify effective solutions.
Using the Technology Integration Planning Cycle to Select Digital Tools for Virtual Instruction
Authors: Woodward Lindsay , Beschorner Beth
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores the use of the Technology Integration Planning Cycle (TIPC) for supporting teachers' decision-making as they plan virtual instruction. The TIPC is designed to support teachers in evaluating the possible contributions of digital tools to instruction that facilitates meeting specific learning goals. The use of the TIPC to support pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and in professional development settings is discussed. Then, examples of a teacher using the TIPC as she plans virtual reading and writing instruction illustrate the potential of the TIPC to support effective virtual instruction. Finally, issues of access, equity, and safety related to use the TIPC are discussed.
Intersections of Micro-Level Contextual Factors and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge
Authors: Swallow Meredith J. C. , Morrison Mia L.
Published: July 2021

Context is an essential component of educator knowledge development and practice. When K-12 learning environments shifted from traditional schools and classrooms to remote learning, teacher knowledge of context was challenged as students were situated in varied and unpredictable settings. In this chapter, researchers examine the ways in which purposeful attention to technological pedagogical knowledge in teacher development and practice can influence the impact of fluctuations in micro level teaching contexts in remote learning environments. To provide direction in enhancing knowledge across contexts, the authors focus on the cross curricular learning skills of critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. Particular attention is given to learning activities that can span across contexts, grade levels, and subject areas.
Crystallizing Moments
Authors: Gallagher-Immenschuh Charlotte Kristyn , Broderick Maggie
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced K-12 teachers to think differently about their teaching methods. Primary grade teachers must especially consider how to make online learning engaging, motivating, and as hands-on and developmentally appropriate as possible for young learners. This chapter provides insight into purposely created and child-centered crystallizing moments, in which research-based strategies can enhance teacher-student interaction and engagement. Examples from real-world teaching practice are included.
Building Community in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Singh Jason Anthony
Published: July 2021

This self-study assesses the impact on classroom communities using distance learning activities. Five activities used in the author's high school science classes during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed based on a bilateral framework interweaving transactional distance (student-teacher interactions) and social interaction (student-student interaction). A reflective narration of activity development leads to a discussion of the effects of activity design on student-teacher and student-student interactions. The intersection between these interactions serves as a foundation for analyzing their impact on the classroom community. A predominant theme is the psychological separation students face when learning remotely and how activity design can intensify or diminish this perceived detachment. This chapter provides an exemplar for other educators to consider how transactional distance and social interaction play a role in the development of their own classroom communities.
How Foundational Writing Informs Early Decoding Skills in Virtual Instruction
Authors: Hodges Tracey S.
Published: July 2021

How do you teach a child to read in a virtual classroom? Answering this question can feel like a daunting task – the new kindergartener, five-years-old, may not be able to navigate the virtual classroom because they do not yet possess the skill of reading. When the act of teaching reading takes up the majority of instructional time in the early elementary classroom, this task can seem impossible in online learning environments. This chapter presents methods and approaches for teaching early reading and writing virtually. Specifically, the chapter covers developmental levels for reading and writing, technological frameworks for engaging students in virtual instruction, and applications of virtual instruction to early literacy instruction. The chapter serves as a practical toolkit for teachers to help set students up for success without hindering their knowledge of skills that will be essential to their learning in the future.
Examining Digital Pedagogy of Teachers Using Engeström's Activity Theory
Authors: Malhotra Taru , Johnston Eleanor M.
Published: July 2021

This chapter proposes that Engeström's activity triangles in tandem with direct attention to the 4Cs—collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity—can help teachers and researchers identify effective teaching practices in online environments. The authors illustrate this technique using data from two studies on teachers' technology use in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Focusing on literacy and music in the elementary classroom, the authors suggest ways teachers can reflect upon and design their online activities considering students' use of the 4Cs. They demonstrate the process using an exemplar online activity. Apart from individual pedagogical concerns, the chapter also discusses more significant issues around policy, access, professional development, and the 4Cs and offers implications to research and practice.
Transforming K-12 Mathematics Classroom Teacher Pedagogy Through Virtual Number Talks
Authors: Joswick Candace , Fletcher Nicole , Meador Audrey
Published: July 2021

Number Talks is a popular K-12 mathematics routine utilized in classrooms across the United States. Number Talks allows teachers to elicit and respond to students' mathematical thinking through the development of an encouraging classroom community and provide opportunities for students to engage in critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. In this chapter, the authors report their “virtualization” of the Number Talks routine and the development of a teacher learning cycle that supports implementation of this practice. The virtualization of Number Talks is illustrated through the pedagogical transformation of one teacher, who begins the teacher learning cycle skeptical of the value of Number Talks and ends with an innovative Virtual Number Talks practice that benefited both students and teachers in her school. This teacher's implementation of Virtual Number Talks and engagement in the “4C” of 21st century learning demonstrate a transformation of pedagogy that uses technology to create rich online mathematics learning experiences.
Using Technology-Enhanced Activities to Transform K–5 Mathematics Planning, Teaching, and Learning
Authors: Rigelman Nicole , Vennebush Patrick , Saxton Emily
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, the authors describe the technology-enhanced activities intended to transform the ways elementary mathematics teachers provide instruction to their students during a time of distance learning and potentially beyond. Recognizing instruction would take place in a variety of formats, The Math Learning Center supported teachers by providing resources that allow them to continue to engage students in the 4Cs—critical thinking, creative thinking, communicating, and collaborating—even in distance-learning environments. More specifically, the authors describe the alignment between the design of the technology-enhanced activities (TEAs) and the 4Cs as well as how the flexibility built into the TEAs provides opportunities for teachers to employ their technological pedagogical content knowledge as they make decisions for implementation in their specific contexts. Results from surveys and teacher interviews influenced the organization's plans for future research and development opportunities.
Developing Teachers' Knowledge for Teaching in Virtual Contexts
Authors: Niess Margaret L. , Gillow-Wiles Henry
Published: July 2021

The 2020 worldwide pandemic signaled the COVID-19 crisis as a real threat and forced K-12 schools to move teaching and learning from face-to-face classrooms to online virtual classrooms. Educators searched for a silver lining amid the hardships created by the virtual teaching and learning environments. This chapter answers an important question: How has the knowledge that teachers need for teaching changed as a result of School Lockdown 2020-2021? Analysis of the chapters in this book in addition to extensive qualitative observations of two middle school virtual computer science classrooms over six months identified two important lessons needing consideration when requiring K-12 virtual instruction: (1) teachers' knowledge for teaching requires developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge for teaching in both face-to-face and virtual contexts, and (2) teaching virtually relies on a social presence that assures students' sense of belonging to engage in virtual learning experiences.
A Novel Iterated Function System-Based Model for Coloured Image Encryption
Authors: Rahmani Amine
Published: July 2021

Chaotic cryptography has been a well-studied domain over the last few years. Many works have been done, and the researchers are still getting benefit from this incredible mathematical concept. This paper proposes a new model for coloured image encryption using simple but efficient chaotic equations. The proposed model consists of a symmetric encryption scheme in which it uses the logistic equation to generate secrete keys then an affine recursive transformation to encrypt pixels' values. The experimentations show good results, and theoretic discussion proves the efficiency of the proposed model.
A Qualitative Evaluation of An Integrated Health and Livelihood Development Project for Marginalized Communities in India
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Akhtar Faiyaz , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mehra Sunil
Published: July 2021

Background

A community-based intervention was implemented to improve maternal, child, and adolescent health practices, promote financial literacy and enhance livelihood opportunities for young people in marginalized communities. A hypothesis related to our intervention was that peer-led education sessions on health and nutrition in conjunction with community mobilization would change communities’ perceptions towards maternal and child health.

Design and methods

This three-year intervention was done in the two districts of Rajasthan, India, namely Nagaur and Pali. The paper explored the changes in perceptions and practices that resulted from this intervention among women and adolescents. We performed a retrospective, qualitative effect evaluation of the project. Focus group discussions with married women (15-49 years) and adolescents (10-19 years), and in-depth interviews with frontline workers and village health committees were done. The qualitative data were translated, coded, and analyzed thematically using an inductive approach.

Results

Overall, 4853 women and 8158 adolescents were engaged in the intervention. The study seemed to have brought a change in some of the practices like postnatal care uptake, breastfeeding, and uptake of antenatal care among women, and enhanced awareness about sexual and reproductive health and harms of substance abuse among adolescents was noted. Around 23% and 67% of the young people from Nagaur and Pali, respectively, were linked with jobs in computer training centres, tailoring centres, and beauty parlours.

Conclusions

The intervention was perceived successful in improving many health and nutrition practices and livelihood opportunities among project beneficiaries, calling for a comprehensive and multi-dimensional intervention to target social determinants of health.
Mineralogy of mudstone, bocanne, and klinker deposits, Smoking Hills (Ingniryuat), Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Percival J B , Bilot I , McLoughlin-Coleman T , Grasby S E , Polivchuk M J
Published: July 2021

Combusting mudstones in the Smoking Hills area, Northwest Territories, were reported by European Arctic explorers in the early part of the 19th century. These sites emit hot sulphuric gases due to auto-combustion of pyrite-rich zones. The acidic gases react with
the surrounding mudstones to precipitate brightly coloured mineral deposits. In this study, samples were collected from active burning sites (bocanne), inactive sites (klinker) and unaltered mudstones to characterize their mineralogy. The active sites are comprised of variable amounts of discrete
sulphate minerals from seven different mineral groups, whereas the inactive sites are characterized mainly by jarosite, gypsum and quartz. The mudstone mineralogy shows most samples contain variable amounts of quartz, muscovite/illite, heulandite and jarosite and a host of other minerals in minor to
trace amounts. Understanding the mineralogy of these sites provides new insights on formation of high-temperature acid minerals.