bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Abnormal CO-Exceedance Phenomenon in the Tailgate Corner of a Low Metamorphic Coal Seam
Authors: Li Lei , Ren Ting , Zhong Xiaoxing , Wang Jiantao
Published: July 2022

Given the difficulty of early warning of coal spontaneous combustion caused by continuous abnormal exceedance of CO in the tailgate corner of a low metamorphic coal seam and taking the 1305-working face of the Dananhu No.1 coal mine in Hami, Xinjiang as an example, this paper studies the abnormal CO-exceedance phenomenon based on field measurements, experimental research, and numerical simulation. The research shows that the abnormal CO-exceedance phenomenon is not caused by spontaneous combustion oxidation but by ambient-temperature oxidation of coal in the goaf. Factors, such as higher amounts of residual coal and higher degrees of fragmentation of the goaf, provide opportunities for the ambient-temperature oxidation of residual coal in the 1305 goaf. The 1305 coal oxidation characteristics at ambient temperature are examined, and the abnormal CO-exceedance mechanism is analyzed in depth. A CO-early-warning-limit model in the tailgate corner for coal spontaneous combustion in the 1305 goaf is established, and the scientific problems needing to be solved by further research are also discussed. The relevant research results have an important guiding significance for improving scholars’ understandings of CO exceedance in similar low metamorphic coal seams and the early warning of coal spontaneous combustion.
Time-Decoupling Layered Optimization for Energy and Transportation Systems under Dynamic Hydrogen Pricing
Authors: Guo Hui , Gong Dandan , Zhang Lijun , Mo Wenke , Ding Feng , Wang Fei
Published: July 2022

The growing popularity of renewable energy and hydrogen-powered vehicles (HVs) will facilitate the coordinated optimization of energy and transportation systems for economic and environmental benefits. However, little research attention has been paid to dynamic hydrogen pricing and its impact on the optimal performance of energy and transportation systems. To reduce the dependency on centralized controllers and protect information privacy, a time-decoupling layered optimization strategy is put forward to realize the low-carbon and economic operation of energy and transportation systems under dynamic hydrogen pricing. First, a dynamic hydrogen pricing mechanism was formulated on the basis of the share of renewable power in the energy supply and introduced into the optimization of distributed energy stations (DESs), which will promote hydrogen production using renewable power and minimize the DES construction and operation cost. On the basis of the dynamic hydrogen price optimized by DESs and the traffic conditions on roads, the raised user-centric routing optimization method can select a minimum cost route for HVs to purchase fuels from a DES with low-cost and/or low-carbon hydrogen. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy was verified by simulations.
A New Robust Direct Torque Control Based on a Genetic Algorithm for a Doubly-Fed Induction Motor: Experimental Validation
Authors: Mahfoud Said , Derouich Aziz , El Ouanjli Najib , Mossa Mahmoud A. , Bhaskar Mahajan Sagar , Lan Ngo Kim , Quynh Nguyen Vu
Published: July 2022

The parametric variation of nonlinear systems remains a significant drawback of automatic system controllers. The Proportional–Integral(PI) and Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) are the most commonly used controllers in industrial control systems. However, with the evolution of these systems, such controllers have become insufficient to compete with the complexity of the systems. This problem can be solved with the help of artificial intelligence, and especially with the use of optimization algorithms, which allow for variable gains in PID controllers that adapt to parametric variation. This article presents an analytical and experimental study of the Direct Torque Control (DTC) of a Doubly-Fed Induction Motor (DFIM). The speed adaptation of the DFIM is achieved using a PID controller, which is characterized by overshoots in the speed and ripples in the electromagnetic torque. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) within the DTC shows very good robustness in speed and torque by reducing torque ripples and suppressing overshoots. The simulation of the GA-DTC hybrid control in MATLAB/Simulink confirms the improvement offered by this strategy. The validation and implementation of this strategy on the dSPACE DS1104 board are in good agreement with the simulation results and theoretical analysis.
Design of Species-Specific Primers for Early Detection of Kretzschmaria zonata, the Causal Agent of Root and Neck Rot of Teak (Tectona grandis)
Authors: Magaña-Álvarez Anuar , Quijano-Ramayo Andrés , Nexticapan-Garcéz Angel , Cibrián-Tovar José , Guardia-Chalé Sandy , Sánchez-Rodríguez Yasmín , Cortés-Velázquez Alberto , Valencia-Yah Teresita , Martín-Mex Rodolfo , Ortega-Ramírez Marynor Elena , Pérez-Brito Daisy
Published: July 2022

Kretzschmaria zonata (Lév.) P.M.D. Martin is a fungus that causes root and neck rot in teak (Tectona grandis L.) worldwide. The detection of this fungus in asymptomatic plants is essential for its control but, to date, the disease can only be detected morphologically or by sequencing this fungus’s isolates. The aim of this work was to design, at least, one set of specific PCR primers for a quickly, early and accurate diagnosis of this pathogen. Nineteen isolates of K. zonata from teak plants at different locations in Mexico were obtained. ITS region sequences and two software were used to design the PCR-based primers. All primers obtained were tested on DNA samples from infected teak tissue, K. zonata pure isolates, and other different fungi species (in vitro and in silico). The sensitivity of the primers was evaluated at five different concentrations of target DNA. The primer set KZ-AQ-3F/KZ-AQ-3R was selected for its specificity (amplifies only K. zonata) and sensitivity (1 × 10−5 ng/µL detection). This is the first report of a Kretzschmaria zonata-specific primer set. Tests carried out on asymptomatic teak and artificially inoculated plants with this fungus demonstrated the usefulness of these primers for the accurate detection of K. zonata, and taking early control measures.
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Methane Fluxes in Boreo-Nemoral Alder Swamp (European Russia)
Authors: Glukhova Tamara V. , Ilyasov Danil V. , Vompersky Stanislav E. , Suvorov Gennady G. , Golovchenko Alla V. , Manucharova Natalia A. , Stepanov Alexey L.
Published: July 2022

In 1995–1998 and 2013–2016, we measured methane fluxes (1Q-median-3Q, mgC m−2 h−1) in the Petushikha black alder swamp of the boreo-nemoral zone of European Russia. At microelevations (EL sites), flat surfaces (FL), microdepressions (DEP), and water surfaces of streams and channels (STR) sites, the fluxes comprised 0.01–0.03–0.09, 0.02–0.06–0.19, 0.04–0.14–0.43, and 0.10–0.21–0.44, respectively. The biggest uncertainty of methane fluxes was caused by seasonal variability (the level of relative variability of fluxes is a nonparametric analogue of the coefficient of variation) which comprised 144%, then by spatial variability—105%, and the smallest by interannual variability—75%. Both spatial and temporal variability of methane fluxes at different elements of the microrelief is heterogeneous: the most variable are communities that are “unstable” in terms of hydrological conditions, such as FL and DEP, and the least variable are the most drained EL and the most moistened STR (“stable” in terms of hydrological conditions). The obtained data on the fluxes and their spatial and temporal variability are consistent with the literature data and can be used to optimize the process of planning studies of the methane budget of “sporadic methane sources”, such as waterlogged forests. This is especially relevant for an adequate assessment of the role of methane fluxes in the formation of the waterlogged forests carbon budget and a changing climate.
Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions in Heifers Fed Tropical Grass-Based Rations Supplemented with Palm Oil
Authors: Flores-Santiago Ever del Jesus , González-Garduño Roberto , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto , Calzada-Marín Jesús Miguel , Cadena-Villegas Said , Arceo-Castillo Jeyder I. , Vázquez-Mendoza Paulina , Ku-Vera Juan C.
Published: July 2022

Vegetable oils have been shown to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production by up to 20%. However, when the level of incorporation exceeds the threshold of 70 g/kg DM, dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility may be reduced. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the incorporation of three levels of palm oil (PO) on enteric CH4 emissions, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility in heifers fed low-quality grass. Four rumen-cannulated heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (CON) and three increasing PO levels: 20, 40 and 60 g/kg in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods of 22 days (14 days of adaptation to the ration), 5 days of feces and rumen fluid sampling (day 18, 4 h postprandial) and the last 3 days for measurements of CH4 in respiration chambers. With the exception of CP (p = 0.04), starch (p = 0.002) and EE (p < 0.001), the intake of nutrients was not affected by the inclusion of PO (p > 0.05). The apparent digestibility (AD) of nutrients was not affected by the inclusion of PO (p > 0.05), except for starch, which reduced its AD as the PO level was increased (p < 0.05). The gross energy intake was higher in PO-containing rations (p = 0.001), on the other hand, the digestible energy intake was similar between treatments (p > 0.05). In situ ruminal digestion kinetics and the potential degradability remained unchanged (p > 0.05), however, the effective degradability decreased with the inclusion of PO in the rations (p < 0.05). The ruminal pH and molar proportions of acetic, isovaleric and valeric acid were not different between treatments (p > 0.05). The ruminal concentration of propionic acid increased as the PO level increased, reaching its highest molar proportion with 60 g/kg PO (p < 0.05), however, the acetic/propionic ratio and the molar proportions of butyric acid and isobutyric acid decreased as the PO level increased (p < 0.05). The total daily CH4 production was lower in diets containing 20, 40 and 60 g/kg PO compared to the CON diet (p < 0.001). The production of CH4 per kg DMI and DOMI was greater (p < 0.05) for the CON diet compared to all three rations containing PO. The emission intensity, Ym, energy lost as CH4, emission factor (EF) and kg CO2 eq/year were reduced as an effect of the inclusion of PO (p < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the incorporation of PO in cattle rations has the potential to reduce enteric methane emissions by 4% for every 10 g/kg PO in the ration, without affecting DMI, apparent digestibility or the consumption of digestible nutrient fractions.
Screening and Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing β-Glucan in Boza and Cider
Authors: Allaith Shatha A. , Abdel-aziz Mohamed E. , Thabit Zaid Akram , Altemimi Ammar B. , Abd El-Ghany Khalid , Giuffrè Angelo Maria , Al-Manhel Alaa Jabbar Abd , Ebrahim Hanan S. , Mohamed Reda Mahgoub , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was screening and molecular identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) producing β-glucan from different species isolated from boza and cider compared to a standard strain for Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 1937 (LGG). From 48 unknown isolates, four LAB strains were selected. Based on the NCBI database, their nomenclature was A3, B6, and C9 for Limosilactobacillus fermentum SH1, SH2, and SH3 along with D6 for Leuconostoc mesenteroides SH4. Also, their similarity values were 100%, 99.8%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The potential of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) (as β-glucan) production for selected LAB strains by gtf gene, conventional PCR and gene expression using both LGG as a control and LAB 16S rRNA gene as a house-keeping gene was investigated. In addition, EPS (mg/100 mL), cell mass (mg/100 mL), pH, total carbohydrate%, total protein% and β-glucan% by the HPLC for all selected LAB isolates were studied. All results of genetic and chemical tests proved the superiority of B6 treatment for L. fermentum SH2. The results showed the superiority of B6 treatment in gtf gene expression (14.7230 ± 0.070-fold) followed by C9 and A3 treatments, which were 10.1730 ± 0.231-fold and 8.6139 ± 0.320-fold, respectively. while D6 treatment recorded the lowest value of gene expression (0.8566 ± 0.040-fold) compared to the control LGG (one-fold). The results also demonstrated that B6 treatment was superior to the other treatments in terms of EPS formation, with a value of 481 ± 1.00 mg/100 mL, followed by the C9 treatment at 440 ± 2.00 mg/100 mL, compared to the LGG (control) reaching 199.7 ± 3.51 mg/100 mL. Also, the highest % of quantitative and qualitative β-glucan in EPS was observed in B6 followed by C9, D6 and A3 which were 5.56 ± 0.01%, 4.46 ± 0.01%, 0.25 ± 0.008% and 0.12 ± 0.008%, respectively compared to control (0.31 ± 0.01%). Finally, the presented results indicate the importance of screening the local LAB isolates to obtain a superior strain for β-glucan production which will be introduced in a subsequent study under optimum conditions.
Understanding Learners’ Perception of MOOCs Based on Review Data Analysis Using Deep Learning and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Chen Xieling , Wang Fu Lee , Cheng Gary , Chow Man-Kong , Xie Haoran
Published: July 2022

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have exploded in popularity; course reviews are important sources for exploring learners’ perceptions about different factors associated with course design and implementation. This study aims to investigate the possibility of automatic classification for the semantic content of MOOC course reviews to understand factors that can predict learners’ satisfaction and their perceptions of these factors. To do this, this study employs a quantitative research methodology based on sentiment analysis and deep learning. Learners’ review data from Class Central are analyzed to automatically identify the key factors related to course design and implementation and the learners’ perceptions of these factors. A total of 186,738 review sentences associated with 13 subject areas are analyzed, and consequently, seven course factors that learners frequently mentioned are found. These factors include: “Platforms and tools”, “Course quality”, “Learning resources”, “Instructor”, “Relationship”, “Process”, and “Assessment”. Subsequently, each factor is assigned a sentimental value using lexicon-driven methodologies, and the topics that can influence learners’ learning experiences the most are decided. In addition, learners’ perceptions across different topics and subjects are explored and discussed. The findings of this study contribute to helping MOOC instructors in tailoring course design and implementation to bring more satisfactory learning experiences for learners.
Digital Evaluation of Aroma Intensity and Odor Characteristics of Tea with Different Types—Based on OAV-Splitting Method
Authors: Hu Wenwen , Wang Gege , Lin Shunxian , Liu Zhijun , Wang Peng , Li Jiayu , Zhang Qi , He Haibin
Published: July 2022

Aroma is one of the most important quality indicators of tea. However, this evaluation method is a subjective one. In this study, the volatiles of tea with 5 types were determined by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma intensity and odor characteristics of teas were comparatively analyzed based on the OAV-splitting method. The results showed that OAV were green tea (492.02), red tea (471.88), oolong tea (302.74), white tea (68.10), and dark tea (55.98). The odor index I(o) indicated that green tea was strong-flavor tea with highlight green accompanied by fruity, woody and fatty odors; oolong tea was strong-flavor tea with fruity and fatty accompanied by woody, floral and green odors; red tea was strong-flavor tea with highlight fruity accompanied by woody, green and floral odors; white tea was a light-flavor tea with floral, woody and green odors; and dark tea was light-flavor tea with woody and floral notes accompanied by fatty and green odors. These results fitted perfectly with the people’s consensus on these teas, and proved that the OAV-splitting method is feasible to evaluate the aroma intensity and odor characteristics of tea aroma. We suggest that the digital evaluation of tea aroma can facilitate people’s communication.
Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: De Siena Martina , Raoul Pauline , Costantini Lara , Scarpellini Emidio , Cintoni Marco , Gasbarrini Antonio , Rinninella Emanuele , Mele Maria Cristina
Published: July 2022

The use of emulsifiers in processed foods and the rapid epidemic development of metabolic syndrome in Western countries over the past 20 years have generated growing interest. Evidence for the role of emulsifiers in metabolic syndrome through gut microbiota has not been clearly established, thus making it challenging for clinical nutritionists and dietitians to make evidence-based associations between the nature and the quantity of emulsifiers and metabolic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the highest quality clinical evidence currently available about the impact of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota composition and functions and the potential development of metabolic syndrome. The state-of-the-art of the different common emulsifiers is performed, highlighting where they are present in daily foods and their roles. Recent findings of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies assessing the effect of different emulsifiers on gut microbiota have been recently published. There is some progress in understanding how some food emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic diseases through gut microbiota alterations while others could have prebiotic effects. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding daily consumption amounts and the synergic effects between emulsifiers’ intake and responses by the microbial signatures of each individual.
An Insulin Receptor-Binding Multifunctional Protein from Tamarindus indica L. Presents a Hypoglycemic Effect in a Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes—Preclinical Study
Authors: Costa Izael , Lima Mayara , Medeiros Amanda , Bezerra Lucas , Santos Paula , Serquiz Alexandre , Lima Maíra , Oliveira Gerciane , Santos Elizeu , Maciel Bruna , Monteiro Norberto , Morais Ana Heloneida
Published: July 2022

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) in an experimental model of T2DM and the in silico interaction between the conformational models of TTI 56/287 and the insulin receptor (IR). After inducing T2DM, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated in three groups (n = 5): 1—T2DM group without treatment; 2—T2DM group treated with adequate diet; and 3—T2DM treated with TTI (25 mg/kg), for 10 days. Insulinemia and fasting glucose were analyzed, and the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated. The group of animals treated with TTI presented both lower fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.0031) and lower HOMA-IR indexes (p = 0.0432), along with higher HOMA-β indexes (p = 0.0052), than the animals in the other groups. The in silico analyses showed that there was an interaction between TTIp 56/287 and IR with interaction potential energy (IPE) of −1591.54 kJ mol−1 (±234.90), being lower than that presented by insulin and IR: −894.98 kJ mol−1 (±32.16). In addition, the presence of amino acids, type of binding and place of interaction other than insulin were identified. This study revealed the hypoglycemic effect of a bioactive molecule of protein origin from Tamarind seeds in a preclinical model of T2DM. Furthermore, the in silico analysis allowed the prediction of its binding in the IR, raising a new perspective for explaining TTI’s action on the glycemic response.
Pattern Recognition Approach for the Screening of Potential Adulteration of Traditional and Bourbon Barrel-Aged Maple Syrups by Spectral Fingerprinting and Classical Methods
Authors: Zhu Kuanrong , Aykas Didem P. , Rodriguez-Saona Luis E.
Published: July 2022

This study aims to generate predictive models based on mid-infrared and Raman spectral fingerprints to characterize unique compositional traits of traditional and bourbon barrel (BBL)-aged maple syrups, allowing for fast product authentication and detection of potential ingredient tampering. Traditional (n = 23) and BBL-aged (n = 17) maple syrup samples were provided by a local maple syrup farm, purchased from local grocery stores in Columbus, Ohio, and an online vendor. A portable FT-IR spectrometer with a triple-reflection diamond ATR and a compact benchtop Raman system (1064 nm laser) were used for spectra collection. Samples were characterized by chromatography (HPLC and GC-MS), refractometry, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. We found the incidence of adulteration in 15% (6 out of 40) of samples that exhibited unusual sugar and/or volatile profiles. The unique spectral patterns combined with soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) identified all adulterated samples, providing a non-destructive and fast authentication of BBL and regular maple syrups and discriminated potential maple syrup adulterants. Both systems, combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR), showed good predictions for the total °Brix and sucrose contents of all samples.
Novel Formulation of Bigel-Based Vegetable Oil Spreads Enriched with Lingonberry Pomace
Authors: Baltuonytė Gintarė , Eisinaitė Viktorija , Kazernavičiūtė Rita , Vinauskienė Rimantė , Jasutienė Ina , Leskauskaitė Daiva
Published: July 2022

In this study, bigel-based vegetable oil spreads with lingonberry pomace addition were prepared. The impact of gelatin, agar and collagen was examined as structuring agents as was the effect of lecithin concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%). Prepared systems were evaluated by physical and chemical stability and structural and rheological properties. It was found that all bigel formulations were self-standing with no signs of phase separation at ambient temperature immediately after preparation and after two weeks of storage at 4 °C temperature. The lingonberry pomace addition affected grainy structure formation with homogenous and uniform distribution of fiber particles throughout the bigel matrix and it also altered the colour of the bigels toward a purple-red. Texture, rheological properties and colour of the spread formulations were affected by the type of the structuring agent as well as the lecithin concentration. The presence of the lingonberry pomace enhanced the resistance of the bigel samples to the oxidation process and it was confirmed by the DPPH• inhibition, peroxide value and oxipress test. Overall, the formulated bigel-based spreads could be beneficial and had a potential application as healthier fat spreads and be a source of dietary fibers (11 g of fibre per 100 g of the spread).
Bis-Pyridine-Based Organogel with AIE Effect and Sensing Performance towards Hg2+
Authors: Gao Aiping , Han Qingqing , Wang Qingqing , Wan Rong , Wu Huijuan , Cao Xinhua
Published: July 2022

A novel gelator (1) based on a bis-pyridine derivative was designed and synthesized, which could form stable gels in methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, DMF/H2O (4/1, v/v) and DMSO/H2O (4/1, v/v). The self-assembly process of gelator 1 was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction and a water contact angle experiment. Gelator 1 exhibited obvious AIE behavior. On the base of its AIE, the gel of 1 could detect Hg2+, which resulted in fluorescence quenching and a gel–sol transition. 1H NMR titration experiments with Hg2+ revealed that the metal coordination interaction induced the fluorescence quenching and the breakdown of the noncovalent interaction in the gel system. This research provides a new molecular mode for designing a functional self-assembly gel system.
Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Stimulation through Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Provides Neuroprotection in Ethidium Bromide-Induced Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Upadhayay Shubham , Mehan Sidharth , Prajapati Aradhana , Sethi Pranshul , Suri Manisha , Zawawi Ayat , Almashjary Majed N. , Tabrez Shams
Published: July 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe immune-mediated neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). This is frequently linked to motor abnormalities and cognitive impairments. The pathophysiological hallmarks of MS include inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, white matter degeneration, and the development of CNS lesions that result in severe neuronal degeneration. Several studies suggested downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is a causative factor for MS pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active pentacyclictriterpenoid obtained from Boswellia serrata, possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study explores the protective potential of AKBA on behavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological abnormalitiesandhistopathological alterations by H&E and LFB staining techniques in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the increase inNrf2/HO-1 levels in the brain. Moreover, we also examine the effect of AKBA on the intensity of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF and rat brain homogenate. Specific apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, andcaspase-3) were also estimated in rat brain homogenate. Neuro behavioralabnormalities in rats were examined using an actophotometer, rotarod test, beam crossing task (BCT),and Morris water maze (MWM). AKBA 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were given orally from day 8 to 35 to alleviate MS symptoms in the EB-injected rats. Furthermore, cellular, molecular, neurotransmitter, neuroinflammatory cytokine, and oxidative stress markers in rat whole brain homogenate, blood plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid were investigated. This study shows that AKBA upregulates the level of antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain. AKBA restores altered neurochemical levels, potentially preventing gross pathological abnormalities during MS progression.
The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dao Hiep Huu Hoang , Burns Mason Jenner , Kha Richard , Chow Clara K. , Nguyen Tu Ngoc
Published: July 2022

Aims: Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and frailty are associated with increased all-cause mortality, yet the complex interplay between these two conditions has not adequately been elucidated. We aim to analyse the relationship between MetS and frailty through a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses. Methods: A literature search was conducted via MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were included if validated frameworks for defining frailty and MetS (presence of at least 3 out of the five constitutive components: abdominal obesity, high fasting blood glucose, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and low high-density lipoprotein level) were utilised, in addition to the inclusion of participants aged 60 or older. Results: Eleven studies were included, all observational. All were in community-dwelling older people, 9 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal. Most of the studies used Fried’s frailty phenotype. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 0.9% to 14.8% in population-based studies and 35.6% in the outpatient clinic setting. The prevalence of MetS was also higher in the outpatient clinic setting at 47.5%, compared to 17.5–41.0% in the community-dwelling populations. The meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that MetS was associated with an increased risk of frailty (pooled OR 1.73, 95% CI, 1.41–2.13). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that frailty was more prevalent in older people with MetS compared to older people without MetS. The study findings suggest the importance of frailty screening in older people with MetS and a distinct role of managing MetS in preventing frailty in older people.
Shear-Wave Elastography Using Commercially Available Ultrasound in a Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Futani Yoko , Hamano Megumi , Matsumoto Riku , Hashimoto Saya , Nishimura Rikuto , Ueda Mika , Arihara Narumi , Fujii Hideki , Ono Masafumi , Miyoshi Eiji , Saito Shigeyoshi , Kamada Yoshihiro
Published: July 2022

Elastography is currently used clinically to diagnose the degree of liver stiffness. We sought to develop a shear-wave elastography (SWE) measurement method using ultrasound in mice and to compare its results with those of other noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis. We divided male mice into three groups (normal (G1), liver fibrosis (G2), and fatty liver (G3)). We measured mouse liver SWE values and compared them with T1rho and T2 values from magnetic resonance imaging results. We also compared the SWE values with the expression levels of a serum liver fibrosis biomarker (Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP)) and hepatic genes. SWE values significantly increased over time in G2 but did not change in G3. T1rho values in G2 and G3 were significantly increased compared with those in G1. T2 values in G2 did not increase compared with those in group 1. T2 values in G3 significantly increased compared with those in groups 1 and 2. In G2, SWE values significantly and positively correlated with T1rho values. SWE values significantly correlated with serum M2BP levels in G2 but did not correlate with inflammatory gene expression. We could measure SWE values to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in mouse models of liver disease.
Improving Pharmacists’ Awareness of Inadequate Antibiotic Use for URTIs through an Educational Intervention: A Pilot Study
Authors: Magalhães Sandra , Estrela Marta , Silva Tânia Magalhães , Costa Tainá , Crexinski Gabriella , Simões Catarina , Almeida Margarida Pisco , Figueiras Adolfo , Roque Fátima , Herdeiro Maria Teresa
Published: July 2022

The inadequate use of antibiotics led to the development of multi-resistant bacteria that are now causing millions of deaths worldwide. Since most antibiotics are prescribed/dispensed to treat respiratory tract infections, it is important to raise awareness among health professionals to optimize antibiotic use, especially within the primary care context. Thus, this pilot study aimed to evaluate pharmacists’ feedback about the eHealthResp platform, composed by an online course and a mobile application (app) to help in the management of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Ten community pharmacists were invited to participate in this study, exploring the contents of the eHealthResp platforms and answering a content validation questionnaire composed by eight qualitative and thirty-five quantitative questions about the online course and mobile app. The eHealthResp platform is a comprehensive, consistent, and high-quality e-learning tool. Median scores of 5.00 were attributed to the course contents’ and clinical cases’ adequacy and correction. Most qualitative feedback was about completeness and objectivity of the course, and its usefulness for clinical practice. This study showed that eHealthResp has great potential as an e-health tool for the management of URTIs’ symptoms, which may ultimately aid in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use.
Changes in Straw-Containing Laboratory Papers Caused by Accelerated Ageing
Authors: Plazonić Ivana , Bates Irena , Vukoje Marina
Published: July 2022

Natural ageing has a major influence on the properties of paper, while light, heat, and humidity are the environmental influences that most disrupt the stability of paper. This research focuses on changes in straw-containing papers caused by accelerated ageing. The papers were made in the laboratory by mixing straw pulp with the pulp of recycled fibers in different weight ratios and were artificially aged by a dry-heat treatment (thermal oxidation) and UV radiation treatment (photo-oxidation) over a 24 h period to simulate natural ageing. The observed changes in the optical, surface, and chemical stability of papers were analyzed and are discussed in this paper. It is evident that, regardless of the origin of straw for pulp production, it forms papers that undergoes similar optical properties (photo-yellowing and brightness lose), while certain differences have been observed in surface and chemical stability. Based on all analyses performed as part of this research, it was found that paper produced with the addition of wheat pulp is the most stable of all laboratory straw-containing papers. However, it must be emphasized that, if lignin-containing straw pulp is used as the main constituent of paper, the brightness stability of such pulp must be improved, or the paper surface must be improved by surface finishing in order to obtain greater stability against ageing.
Connecting the Chinese Diaspora: See Boon Tiong and His Temple Networks in Singapore and Malacca
Authors: Hue Guan Thye , Choo Juhn Khai Klan
Published: July 2022

This study examines the temple networks of the 19th-century Chinese community leader See Boon Tiong （薛文仲） in Singapore and Malacca in order to cognize his rising influence in both places. In the early years of his career in Singapore, See Boon Tiong expanded his social networks by founding the Keng Teck Whay （庆德会）, as well as through his active involvement in the affairs of Chinese temples. In 1848, the Keng Teck Whay, represented by See Boon Tiong, precipitated the establishment of the Cheng Wah Keong Temple （清华宫） in Malacca and the organization of the “Wangchuan” （王船） Ceremony, thereby consolidating See’s leadership in the local Chinese community. This also provides insights into the process of the reconstitution of power by the Malaccan Chinese merchants in their hometown after forging social networks in Singapore. In the 1850s, See’s influence, exerted through these networks, further penetrated Cheng Hoon Teng Temple （青云亭）in Malacca, outstripping the authority and influence of Tengzhu （亭主） Tan Kim Seng （陈金声）, and engendered the dominance of the Hokkien Zhangzhou （漳州） group to which he belonged. The biography of See Boon Tiong is a microcosm of the strategies which ethnic Chinese leaders in Southeast Asia in the 19th Century deployed to amalgamate and cement their power and influence in society. This also exemplifies the interplay and inseparability between the leadership of the Chinese communities in Singapore and Malacca, and highlights the influential role and agency of these power networks behind the temples in transforming the power structure of the Chinese community in that era.
Irrigation Scheduling and Weed Management: A Sustainable Approach for Managing Broomrape and Other Weeds in Tomato Crop
Authors: Fawad Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Azim , Wahid Fazli , Khan Haroon , Gul Bakhtiar , Khattak Abdul Mateen , Jamal Aftab , Mastinu Andrea
Published: July 2022

Broomrape (Orobanche cernua L.) is an obligate root parasitic weed that significantly reduces the qualitative and yield attributes of tomatoes globally. The efficient management of broomrape is challenging because of its complicated parasitic nature. Field trials were conducted to assess the influence of various irrigation scheduling and weed control strategies on broomrape, weed presence, and tomato productivity. The experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and was replicated three times. Three irrigation intervals (3, 6, and 9 days) were assigned to the main block, while sub-blocks including treatments and year were taken as the source of variance (year × irrigation timing × treatments). The experiment comprised sixteen treatments, including transparent polythene, black polythene, weedy check (Control), sole weeding of broomrape only, weeding of all weeds, weeding except broomrape, humic acid 25 kg ha−1+ copper oxychloride in single and split doses, copper oxychloride (1.5 kg a.i ha−1 in single and split doses), ammonium sulphate 200 kg ha−1 in single and split doses, copper sulfate (2 kg ha−1 in single/split doses), and glyphosate 48 SL (1.5 kg a.i ha−1) and pendimethalin 33 EC (1.44 kg a.i ha−1). The results revealed that among the various irrigation intervals, the highest broomrape intensity (4.34 plant−1) was observed with a9-day irrigation interval. Similarly, the highest weed density (35 m−2) resulted in a3-day irrigation interval. Furthermore, irrigation at a 6-day interval increased the plant height by 11%, fruit yield tons ha−1 by 24.9 %, and produced the highest cost/benefit ratio (CBR) of (1:4). Black polythene, transparent polythene, and pendimethalin reduced the weed density by 92%, 89%, and 84%;weed dry biomass by 97%, 95%, and 91%; and broomrape intensity by 67%, 77%, and 28%. Conversely, the plant height increased by 24%, 23%, and 23.6%; and fruit yield by 286%, 270%, and 191%; and had the highest CBR of 1:5, 1:4, and 1:4, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Consequently, an increase in irrigation frequency increases other weed densities and decreases the broomrape intensity plant−1 of tomato. Therefore, black polythene could be recommended in a severely broomrape-infested field. Moreover, irrigation at 6-day intervals combined with pendimethalin and ammonium sulfate fertilizers revealed the lowest incidence of broomrape and other weeds and produced an economic yield.
An Academic and Technical Overview on Plant Micropropagation Challenges
Authors: Abdalla Neama , El-Ramady Hassan , Seliem Mayada K. , El-Mahrouk Mohammed E. , Taha Naglaa , Bayoumi Yousry , Shalaby Tarek A. , Dobránszki Judit
Published: July 2022

The production of micropropagated plants in plant-tissue-culture laboratories and nurseries is the most important method for propagation of many economic plants. Micropropagation based on tissue-culture technology involves large-scale propagation, as it allows multiplication of a huge number of true-to-type propagules in a very short time and in a very limited space, as well as all year round, regardless of the climate. However, applying plant-tissue-culture techniques for the commercial propagation of plants may face a lot of obstacles or troubles that could result from technical, biological, physiological, and/or genetical reasons, or due to overproduction or the lack of facilities and professional technicians, as shown in the current study. Moreover, several disorders and abnormalities are discussed in the present review. This study aims to show the most serious problems and obstacles of plant micropropagation, and their solutions from both scientific and technical sides. This review, as a first report, includes different challenges in plant micropropagation (i.e., contamination, delay of subculture, burned plantlets, browning, in vitro rooting difficulty, somaclonal variations, hyperhydricity, shoot tip necrosis, albino plantlets, recalcitrance, shoot abnormalities, in vitro habituation) in one paper. Most of these problems are related to scientific and/or technical reasons, and they could be avoided by following the micropropagation protocol suitable for each plant species. The others are dominant in plant-tissue-culture laboratories, in which facilities are often incomplete, or due to poor infrastructure and scarce funds.
Improving the Quality and Production of Philodendron Plants Using Nanoparticles and Humic Acid
Authors: El-Shawa Ghada M. R. , Alharbi Khadiga , AlKahtani Muneera , AlHusnain Latifa , Attia Kotb A. , Abdelaal Khaled
Published: July 2022

A pot experiment was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), iron nanoparticles (FeNPs), zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nanoparticles (NPK NPs) and humic acid (HA) in improving the growth of Philodendron plants. Our findings indicated that the highest increase in plant height and leaf width was recorded with 60 mg/L SNPs. Additionally, the highest values in the number of leaves/plant were recorded with 60 mg/L SNPs compared to the control. FeNPs at 150 mg/L treatment gave the best result of total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, followed by SNPs at 60 mg/L and then NPK NPs at 2 mL/L in the two seasons. Furthermore, ZnNPs at 200 mg/L, SNPs at 20 mg/L, SNPs at 40 mg/L, and SNPs at 60 mg/L gave the best results of enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase). However, the treatments with 40 and 60 mg/L SNPs led to improve the anatomical characters of leaves and stem such as thickness of the blade, mesophyll tissue, xylem vessel diameter, vascular bundle dimension, stem diameter, and epidermis cell dimension compared with other treatments and the control.
Maximum Extreme Flow Estimations in Historical Hydrological Series under the Influence of Decadal Variations
Authors: Jacomazzi Marco Antonio , Zuffo Antonio Carlos , Imteaz Monzur Alam , Boulomytis Vassiliki Terezinha Galvão , Galbetti Marcus Vinícius , Shinma Tais Arriero
Published: July 2022

The hypothesis of stationarity is a fundamental condition for the application of the statistical theory of extreme values, especially for climate variables. Decadal-scale fluctuations commonly affect maximum and minimum river discharges. Thus, the probability estimates of extreme events need to be considered to enable the selection of most appropriate time series. The current study proposed a methodology to detect the fluctuation of long wet and dry periods. The study was carried out at the gauging station 4C-001 in Pardo River, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The Spearman, Mann–Kendall and Pettitt’s non-parametric tests were also performed to verify the existence of a temporal trend in the maximum annual daily flows. The graph achieved from the Pettitt’s statistical variable allowed for the identification and separation of the longest dry period (1941 to 1975) and the longest wet period (1976 to 2011), decreasing again in 2012. Analysing the series separately, it was observed that both mean and standard deviation were higher than those corresponding to the dry period. The probable maximum flows for the corrected series showed estimates 10% higher than those estimated for the uncorrected historical series. The proposed methodology provided more realistic estimates for the extreme maximum flows.
Shaping Physical Activity through Facilitating Student Agency in Secondary Schools in the Netherlands
Authors: Boonekamp Gwendolijn M. M. , Dierx John A. J. , Jansen Erik
Published: July 2022

Schools can enable students’ capability for lifelong physical activity (PA) by providing a physical, social and pedagogical context fostering students’ agency. This entails allowing them to develop their autonomy and ability to shape PAs according to what they value. This paper explores whether, and, if so, how, school practices provide the conditions for developing and employing PA-related student agency. We followed a multiple case study design, partnering with six secondary schools in the Netherlands. We based our qualitative content analysis on the schools’ policy documents and transcripts of interviews and focus groups with school management, teaching staff and supporting sports professionals. First, we analysed the space provided for PA-related student agency using the whole-of-school framework. Next, we used a social practice theory perspective to understand how each school practice allows for student agency. Results suggest that schools offer sufficient and varied PA opportunities but have not embedded deliberation with students on their meaningfulness and transfer to other contexts in their practices. We conclude that for schools to promote lifelong PA for students, there is a need for a pedagogical approach involving students’ perspectives, participation and reflections, enabling them to transfer PAs to other (future) life settings.
Movement Analysis Could Help in the Assessment of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: Results from a Preliminary Explorative Study
Authors: Negrini Stefano , Pollet Joel , Ranica Giorgia , Donzelli Sabrina , Vanossi Massimiliano , Piovanelli Barbara , Amici Cinzia , Buraschi Riccardo
Published: July 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the reliability of a qualitative scoring system based on the movement analysis of the spine in different populations and after usual care rehabilitative intervention. If proven true, the results could further future research development in quantitative indexes, leading to a possible subclassification of chronic low back pain (cLBP). Methods: This was a preliminary exploratory observational study. Data of an optoelectronic spine movement analysis from a pathological population (cLBP population, 5 male, 5 female, age 58 ± 16 years) were compared to young healthy participants (5M, 5F, age 22 ± 1) and were analysed via a new qualitative score of the pattern of movement. Internal consistency was calculated. Two independent assessors (experienced and inexperienced) assessed the blinded data, and we calculated inter- and intrarater reliability. We performed an analysis for cLBP pre and post a ten session group rehabilitation program between and within groups. Results: Internal consistency was good for all movements (α = 0.84–0.88). Intra-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient–ICC) was excellent for overall scores of all movements (ICC(1,k) = 0.95–0.99), while inter-rater reliability was poor to moderate (ICC(1,k) = 0.39–0.78). We found a significant difference in the total movement scores between cLBP and healthy participants (p = 0.001). Within-group comparison (cLBP) showed no significant difference in the total movement score in pre and post-treatment. Conclusion: The perception of differences between normal and pathological movements has been confirmed through the proposed scoring system, which proved to be able to distinguish different populations. This study has many limitations, but these results show that movement analysis could be a useful tool and open the door to quantifying the identified parameters through future studies.
Survey of Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) concerning COVID-19 Infection Control after Being Involved in Vaccine Preparation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wakui Nobuyuki , Kikuchi Mayumi , Ebizuka Risa , Yanagiya Takahiro , Togawa Chikako , Matsuoka Raini , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Yamamura Miho , Shirozu Shunsuke , Machida Yoshiaki , Suzuki Kenichi , Kato Hajime
Published: July 2022

Vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19. Vaccination for COVID-19 was implemented in Japan in community units, and community pharmacists were engaged in vaccine preparation. Capturing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pharmacists regarding COVID-19 infection control is important for developing future community health action strategies and plans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 141 pharmacists who were members of a pharmacist association in the Shinagawa Ward of Tokyo (1–31 July 2021) using a Google online questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information and KAP questions regarding COVID-19. A correlation test was used for analyzing KAP scores. Significant correlations were found among all KAP scores. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed “age” as a significant knowledge factor and “marriage”, “pharmacist careers”, “information source: official government website”, and “information source: word of mouth from family and friends” as significant attitude factors. Good KAP scores were recorded in this study, indicating increased comprehension of infection control measures and increased knowledge scores, as pharmacy pharmacists were practically involved in COVID-19 infection control measures through vaccine preparation. Policymakers should understand the value of pharmacists as healthcare professionals and should enhance public health through the effective use of pharmacists.