bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About the role of public organizations in the structure of the housing and communal services system
Authors:   LLC Law firm ", Kosov Dmitriy ,   Nadezhda",   , Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The practice of public associations entering various spheres of activity in the territories of the state shows that many associations do not fulfill their missions to ensure a comfortable stay for the citizens of the territories, but are engaged in consumer extremism. They solve their consumer tasks and systematically do not participate in the processes of constructive interaction between the authorities, producers and consumers of services. In this article, for the first time, the issues of interaction of public associations in the housing and communal services system with all the elements available in it are considered. The existing structure of the housing and communal services system is shown, which includes such elements as: federal, regional authorities, resource-supplying, related organizations, regional operators in the field of housing and communal services, performers of housing and communal services, public associations and homeowners and tenants. The stages of the organization of public associations are defined, a block diagram of the algorithm of state registration and registration of a legal entity for public associations is constructed. The internal organizational and managerial structure of associations is shown, their functions and their place in the housing and communal services management system are considered. It should be emphasized that the influence of public organizations is carried out through internal and external management in the housing and communal services system to solve the tasks of promoting the formation of housing self-government as an important institution of civil society and an effective tool for improving the housing and communal industry. It is revealed that an essential tool in the management of the housing and communal services system is the presence of public microstructures in the majority of its elements, interaction with which makes it possible to exert a controlling influence on the entire system as a whole, thereby obtaining positive results in protecting the rights of consumers of housing and communal services.
Work and Career Motivations of Modern Youth in Irkutsk Oblast
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreyanova Elena L. , Chipizubova Vitalia N. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: September 2021

This article aims at understanding and analyzing the features of value-based attitudes to work and career motivations of modern youth in the context of the theory of generations. The principles of building and developing the career of the young generation in the conditions of labor market transformation as a result of technological and informational innovations are formulated. The article presents the results of a survey of senior graduate students of leading universities in Irkutsk Oblast. The survey shows the most preferred ways of employment and key factors in choosing a future job. The results of the study can be used by regional structures for interaction with young people to make managerial decisions, by employers interested in attracting and securing promising young employees, as well as by young specialists themselves when determining their labor motivations and career paths.
On the Development of Collective Forms of Management in Samara Oblast: Activities of Cooperative Organizations
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Pyatova Olga F. , Kolomkina Marina V. ,   Samara Regional Audit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives “Srednyaya Volga”, Shumilina Tatiana V. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: September 2021

The concept of sustainable development of rural areas has set the tasks for the development of collective forms of farming in the countryside, the main of which are cooperatives. Developed agricultural cooperation is the most important mechanism for increasing production efficiency and social stability in society. It allows providing the population with high-quality food products of its own production, increasing the level of their income. However, activities of cooperative organizations are not covered fully enough, and activities themselves are poorly developed. Samara Oblast is one of the regions with a low development of supply, marketing and processing cooperation. At the same time, credit cooperation is developing quite actively here. The region’s administration pays attention to the development of cooperative organizations. Support is provided mainly in the form of subsidizing interest rates on loans under the State Development Program. Despite the measures taken by the regional government bodies, in recent years the region has seen a decrease in the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives. For more than twenty years, Russian agricultural cooperation has been developing in market conditions. This development is not going without problems. Heads of agricultural enterprises and of municipal districts understand that it is impossible to stabilize and increase the efficiency of the agricultural sector, to develop rural areas without the development of production cooperative organizations. Empirical material was obtained through surveying in order to form certain ideas about the rural residents’ awareness of the activities of cooperative organizations, of their involvement in the social life of the village and in the increasing of the population’s social activity. The results of the survey show that the respondents have little understanding of the activities of agricultural cooperatives. When asked about the awareness of their activities, every third respondent answered that he had heard something about cooperatives of the 1990s. For all the difficulties, the cooperative movement in the countryside is a condition for the successful promotion of food products produced by small forms of farming. Agricultural cooperation can become a serious force not only in achieving the individual goals of consumers, workers of the consumer cooperation system and shareholders, in strengthening their personal well-being and social security, but also in implementing national tasks, priority national projects, targeted programs, and ensuring the population’s employment.
SCULPTURE PARKS OF THE XX CENTURY LAST THIRD – THE XXI CENTURY BEGINNING: TYPOLOGY EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Penza State University of Architectural and Construction (Penza, Russian Federation), Steklova Irina A. , Raguzhina Olesya I. ,   Penza State University of Architectural and Construction (Penza, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to present sculpture parks at the modern stage of development, from the last third of the 20th century to our day. The relevance of this purpose is due to the relevance of these parks, which meets, firstly, on the challenges of culture, reproducing itself in the synthesis of landscape and monumental-decorative arts; secondly, on the demands of the population in artistically interpreted natural spaces; thirdly, on the life-building claims of modern art, which is looking for optimal ways of self-presentation. The representation of the sculpture parks is implied their systematization, which, in the course of the factual and visual material analysis, exhibits the most typical trends of formal and informative diversity and takes the form of a typology. To start building a typology, it was necessary to draw up a rather broad and spacious representative sample of objects and to select reference criteria in the trends of the manifold. Thus, a representative sample was made up of 90 Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North and South America brightest objects, and following criteria were put forward: environmental involvement, authorship, the nature of specific forms and links between them. Typology showed that approximately two thirds of the sculpture parks are a product of the natural environment and one third of the architectural environment. In the natural environment, in authentic natural spaces, these are co-author full (independent and contextual) and special (by place, material, style, theme) formats, as well as mono-author formats. In an architectural environment, in integrated or interpreted natural spaces, these are, first of all, city formats that can be both co-authors and mono-authors: destinations, stops, transit zones. The implementation of the typology was facilitated by the attraction of a new material for the national art history. In the scientific circulation were introduced information about objects that were not mentioned before and unknown artists. Accounting for this information, along with known realities, allowed us to reach a higher understanding level of sculpture parks as a modern hypostasis of artistic synthesis.
Sobre Vivienda de Interés Social y Patrimonio Histórico: un posible sueño
Authors: Conciani Wilson , Aguiar Larissa Andrade de
Published: September 2021

Hay millones de personas sin hogar y miles de edificios públicos abandonados que están siendo destruidos por el envejecimiento. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una perspectiva del uso de los bienes inmuebles listados por el Patrimonio Histórico Nacional propiedad de la Unión para su uso como vivienda social. Esta idea surge debido al déficit nacional de viviendas, el estado de abandono de los predios de la Unión y la deficiencia de la infraestructura urbana en los conjuntos populares que aparecen en las periferias de las grandes ciudades. En las grandes ciudades de Brasil, existen iniciativas para utilizar propiedades abandonadas en las regiones centrales para viviendas sociales. Por otro lado, las estaciones de ferrocarril catalogadas por el Patrimonio Histórico y Cultural se encuentran repartidas por todo el país. Muchos de ellos están ocupados irregularmente con fines de vivienda. Estas propiedades se degradan, se caracterizan mal, algunas de ellas se destruyen parcialmente y se convierten en puntos de proliferación de vectores patógenos. Este artículo propone una estrategia para la recuperación / restauración de las estaciones de manera conjunta por la población ocupante, la sociedad civil organizada y el Instituto Nacional del Patrimonio Histórico y Artístico. Esta acción debería ayudar a conservar estas propiedades históricas y reducir la población sin hogar.
Земская стихия как (гео)интенсивность в позднем славянофильстве: материалистическая модернизация русского романтического национализма
Authors: Borovikov Anton
Published: September 2021

В настоящей работе делается попытка концептуального чтения относительно поздней творческой обработки мысли представителей т.н. «первого русского национализма». Раскрывается контекст заметок, созданных в момент, когда до-модерная сборка романтического национализма входит в модерный порядок пореформенной России и операционализируется через интерес к практическим программам нациестроительства. Внутри этих герменевтически проблематичных текстов также прослеживается движение от романтического национализма — к модерному. Становление материалистической компоненты во внутренней обусловленности национализма славянофильской среды проходит через проявление материалистического измерения в соотношении народа, общества и государства. Если герменевтическая проблематичность текстов включает в себя по крайней мере (а) сложную переработку славянофильства, которую осуществляет Иван Аксаков, (б) его собственные суждения, неявно вплетенные в текст, (в) ориентацию на цензурную правку и «эзопов язык», то через понятие «стихии», лежащее на границе романтизма и модерна, Аксаков открывает возможность переописания отношений модерных компонентов нациестроительства в терминах, критических к модерну, близких формулировкам современной континентальной философии (в частности, Ж. Делезу и последователям). Взаимоотношения народа, государства и общества с «земской стихией» (Аксаков) незаметно становятся отношениями суверена, эстетического сообщества и интенсивностей, которые циркулируют между ними.
Спекулятивный сопромат сновидения
Authors: Markov Aleksandr
Published: September 2021

Рецензия на: Монтлевич А. Сумасбродства бодрствования : спекулятивный реализм и осознанные сновидения. — М. : Транслит, 2020.
Темпоральные экзистенциальные смыслы героев Достоевского и их большевистская реинкарнация
Authors: Nickolsky Sergey
Published: September 2021

В романах Ф.М. Достоевского «Братья Карамазовы», «Преступление и наказание» и «Бесы» каждому основному герою сопутствуют экзистенциальные смыслы — органические части произведений. Без их формулирования герои бы не имели столь глубоких, философски значимых характеров. Эти смыслы: «рвущаяся к свету душа»; разрешаемая «кровь по совести»; старчество — «берущий вашу душу, вашу волю в свою душу и в свою волю»; никаким грехом «не истощимая и бесконечная божья любовь»; немыслимость, но все же реальная явленность «будущего члена всемирно-общечеловеческой социальной республики и гармонии»; определение людей как «бунтовщиков слабосильных, собственного бунта своего не выдерживающих» и потребность «общности преклонения» перед «силами чуда, тайны и авторитета». Формулируя и раскрывая их содержание, Достоевский, несомненно, отчетливо сознавал, что тем самым создает представление о природе русского человека, существенно отличной от природы людей иных культур. В этой природе автор усматривал возможность реализации божеского предназначения русских «сказать свое слово миру», вывести мир из лжи, меркантилизма и потребительства, ассоциируемых им с либерализмом, в трясину которого все сильнее погружается Европа и на котором пытается созидать себя Америка. Но экзистенциальные смыслы, как открывает история, темпоральны, то есть перебрасываются во времени, в частности, обретают новую жизнь в большевистскую эпоху. Отчего они начинают давать о себе знать именно в это время? Вероятно, оттого, что страна в очередной раз начинает искать свое предназначение в мире, сознавать глубинный смысл своего бытия и, более того, безоглядно практически преобразует себя в соответствии с некой схемой, в которой даже сами ее творцы толком не разобрались; ведь в применении марксизма на русской почве было больше авантюрного действия, основанного на фантазии и фанатизме, чем даже простого здравого смысла. Броситься в пучину переустройства мог только человек, уверовавший, в частности, что это именно то, чего жаждет его «душа, рвущаяся к свету», и что обеспечивается остальными присущими его природе экзистенциальными качествами и свойствами.
PSI Open Fluor CAM script for measuringqE component of NPQ in Chlorella vulgaris v1
Authors: Herdean Andrei
Published: September 2021

This is a simple protocol that consists of 1) 10 minutes preillumination with far red light 2) 5 minutes of illumination with actinic light 3) 5 minutes of dark adaptation with far red light qE is calculated as the differe between NPQ_Lss and NPQ_D5 qE=NPQ_Lss-NPQ_D5 qI=NPQ_D5 Protocol to be used with FluorCAM 7.0 on a PSI Open FC 800-O/1010-S. Act 2 - are the white light LED arrays ADD2 - is the far red LED array Camera is placed at ~20 cm above the measured sample. Light intensity uniformity across the 96 well plate was measured according to manufacturer instructions. !Important - protocol only works under weak far red light. Intense far red will interfere with the fluorescence measurement.
Transfer of "dark hydrogen" by atomic matter. Methods of diagnostics of "dark hydrogen"
Authors:   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Baranov Dmitry S. , Zatelepin Valery N. ,   Laboratory INLIS, Panchelyuga Viktor A. ,   Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishkin Alexander L. ,   LLC “AVK-BETA”
Published: September 2021

This work experimentally shown that traces found on track detectors during the study of low-energy nuclear reactions are also formed in the course of many widely used technical processes (combustion of hydrocarbons, operation of internal combustion engines, physicochemical processes accompanying the process of charging smartphone batteries). This coincidence of the track pattern allows us to consider low-energy nuclear reactions as a significant environmental factor, and indicates the important role of “dark hydrogen” in nature. The paper shows the convective transfer of “dark hydrogen” from the discharge zone along the path of the air-water mixture. Using the theoretical model of “dark hydrogen”, fundamentally new, less laborious, in comparison with track, methods of its registration have been developed and described: 1) measurement of the charge of a copper box with its irradiation with “dark hydrogen”, 2) measurement of pressure in a closed volume when irradiated with “dark hydrogen”, 3) the use of a torsion balance with a nickel plate with magnets when irradiated with “dark hydrogen”.
Application of spectral and spatial processing methods to sonar images
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino Branch, Kokoshkin Alexander V. , Novichikhin Evgeny P. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino Branch, Smolyaninov Ilia V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino Branch
Published: September 2021

The paper proposes the use of the method of renormalization with limitation (MRL) for suppressing the speckle noise of images obtained using sonar. The method is tested on real images obtained by the interferometric side-view sonar. The principal possibility of a significant reduction in the speckle noise level is found due to the fact that the MRL renormalizes the spectrum of the sonar image to the universal reference spectrum (URS) model, which is a model of the spectrum of a "good" quality grayscale image. To increase the overall sharpness of the image, after applying the MRL, it is proposed to use spatial brightness transformations. The study allows us to conclude that the application of MRL to sonar images can significantly reduce speckle noise.
An Ensemble Approach to Control Network Traffic on IoT
Authors: K.V.V.Satyanarayana K. Sree Lakshmi,
Published: September 2021

Cyber security is most widely seen in many domains. From various domains these attacks plays the major role in damaging the servers and making websites unavailable. Many challenges are facing with the various cyber attacks.Internet of Things (IoT) is most widely used to define as a pervasive network of a (broad) range of connected smart nodes that offer diverse digital services, including the collection of environmental and user data. Detection of cyber attacks is difficult task and this may cause the loss of data packets and may interrupt the server. In this paper, the Enhancement is developed to handle the attack packets effectively. This is the window based application i,e based on the window size the data is processed. The Enhancement is called as an Amplified and Forward for Bi- Directional traffic from Attacks. This is very significant model to detect the several types of attacks that occur in IoT. Results show the performance of proposed system.
Autonomía de la política y republicanismo en Karl Marx
Authors: Maíz Ramón , Jaráiz Gulías Erika
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se sostiene que en los llamados escritos políticos de Marx se elabora, al hilo de los análisis de coyuntura de la Francia del siglo xix, una consideración de la política dotada de un estatuto autónomo y sustantivo, del que en modo alguno puede darse cuenta con las manidas descalificaciones de economicismo o reduccionismo (superestructura), ni tampoco de autoritarismo antidemocrático (dictadura del proletariado). Este novedoso análisis de la política de Marx que aquí se investiga, tanto en sus dimensiones institucionales (Estado) como de acción (organización, movilización), se elabora en conexión interna y conceptual con la crítica de la economía política de El capital y subraya en igual medida de esta última el carácter constitutivo, estrictamente ontológico, del fetichismo y la mistificación en el proceso real de la reproducción social y política del capitalismo. Por último, se explica el origen de la lectura economicista y autoritaria de Marx por la presencia en sus textos de dos marcos teóricos muy diferentes (producción y lucha de clases) que se superponen en conflicto interno a lo largo de estas obras y que aquí se exploran en profundidad.
A Preliminary Assessment of Rural Corruption in China
Authors: Meng Qingli
Published: September 2021

Rural-related corruption in China manifests itself differently in terms of different forms and intensity over time. The preliminary findings indicate that rural-related corruption in China is a particular type of white-collar crime. It embraces a mixed dimension of political crime, economic crime, corporate crime, environmental crime, and crimes within social control systems, such as the police. The time series analysis demonstrates an increase of diversity and intensity of this corruption. It also shows that rural corruption is dynamic and its dynamics have evolved significantly over time. An analysis of the historical context identifies three distinctive stages of rural-related corruption (1995-2007; 2008-2012, and 2013-2017), from acknowledgement of the issue, to issue outbreak, to a "rampant" stage, all with consistent determinants and explanations. Evidence shows that Chinese national land use policy is among the leading explanations of rural corruption. The majority of other types of rural corruption also are rooted in land-related issues. The causes of corruption in rural China have both institutional and individual behavioral explanations, which distinguishes them from the explanations of general corruption. General criminological explanations of corruption must be modified to fit a rural context and the unique histories of particular society, which in this case, is China.
Restrictive deterrence: Avoiding arrest in rural methamphetamine markets
Authors: Yingling Julie
Published: September 2021

A component of restrictive deterrence, arrest avoidance is the notion that offenders employ specific strategies to evade detection. Although research focuses on the tactics drug dealers use to avoid law enforcement detection in crack, heroin, and marijuana markets in urban locations, no studies explore these techniques in rural settings or methamphetamine markets. Based on interviews with 52 men and women involved in methamphetamine markets, this article explores the arrest avoidance strategies used during ingredient acquisition, manufacturing, and distribution of methamphetamine. This study also expands the restrictive deterrence literature by asking each participant if they experienced a methamphetamine related arrest and how their arrest avoidance strategies related to their arrests. When participants were arrested, they revealed that they were sometimes not using any strategies or that some unique situation (i.e. getting set up by a friend) was the reason for their arrest rather than ineffective avoidance tactics.
Review of Jacked Up and Unjust: Pacific Islander Teens Confront Violent Legacies, by Katherine Irwin and Karen Umemoto
Authors: Harris Misty
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Review of Whispers from The Bush: The Workplace Sexual Harassment of Australian Rural Women by Skye Saunders
Authors: DeKeseredy Walter S.
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Review of Policing Methamphetamine: Narcopolitics in Rural America by William Garriott
Authors: Nicewarner Robert
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Review of A Handbook of Food Crime: Immoral and Illegal Practices in the Food Industry and What to Do About Them, 2018, Allison Gray and Ronald Hinch (Editors)
Authors: Bunei Emmanuel K.
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
TEACHING ORIENTAL LANGUAGES IN IRKUTSK: HISTORY, TRADITIONS, NAMES
Authors:   Baikal State University, Y. V. Kuzmin , O. N. Polyanskaya ,   Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, J. Urangua ,   National University of Mongolia
Published: September 2021

Иркутск по праву считается одним из востоковедных центров России. Город, рас-положенный на восточных границах российского государства, располагал необходимыми условиями для становления и дальнейшего изучения языка сопредельных стран Китая и Монголии. В Иркутске открывались первые школы во-сточных языков, в том числе Русско-монгольская (1725), сыгравшая важную роль в подготовке христианских миссионеров для Российской духовной миссии в Пекине. Пройдя хорошую школу жизни и получив возможность глубокого изучения китайского и маньчжурского языков, миссионеры становились первыми преподавателями этих языков, создавали учебные пособия и научные труды. Среди них особое место занимают И. Рассохин, И. Бичурин, Е. Сычевский, Д. Сивилов (архимандрит Даниил). В статье представлены материалы об изучении китайского и маньчжурского языков в России, а также о вкладе востоковедов в развитие российско-китайских отношений.
CHINESE FAMILY: STEREOTYPES AND REALITY
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, A. Y. Proschenko , E. Bakhtina ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: September 2021

Семья во все времена была интересна исследователям, потому как именно воспитание в семье являлось важной составляющей формирования целого общества. В данной статье рассмотрены межличностные отношения в традиционной китайской семье и современной. Для анализа проведен опрос, охватывающий три сферы межличностных отношений: отношения между супругами (гендерные роли и равноправие), отношение к детям (вопросы воспитания), отношение к старшим членам семьи (уважение и помощь). Процессы изменения семейного уклада связаны с глобализацией, многие традиционные ценности уходят на второй план, тогда как на их смену приходят совершенно другие, ранее чуждые этому обществу. Тем не менее можно заметить, что некоторые особенности традиционной семьи сохраняются до сих пор.
Examining the effecting of a life-coaching intervention on breast cancer survivors’ post treatment adjustment: protocol of a parallel group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meterissian Sarkis , Lee Virginia , Tock Wing Lam , Blondin Sophie , Maheu Christine
Published: September 2021

Background: The growing number of breast cancer survivors in the country has warranted health interventions targeted to mitigate the bio-psychosocial impact associated with a cancer diagnosis and the toxicities of oncological treatments. Life coaching is a widely adopted intervention strategy to promote an individual’s positive psychological adaptation, self-management, and self-confidence. This present study will investigate whether a life coaching intervention with group and individual coaching components can significantly improve quality of life (QoL) and post traumatic growth among breast cancer survivors.

Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial with three parallel study arms. A prospective sample size of 120 adult breast cancer survivors will be randomized into one of the three study groups either to receive: 1) group coaching following by individual coaching sessions; 2) group coaching sessions only; or 3) routine care. The primary outcome evaluates post traumatic growth and secondary outcomes assess QoL and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Data collection will occur at baseline (T0) and at 3 weeks (T1), and at 18 weeks (T2). A follow-up assessment will occur at 30 weeks (T3).

Conclusions: This is the first randomized control trial to address post traumatic growth among breast cancer survivors using a life coaching intervention. If positive, the results of this study could inform intervention development that benefits the health of cancer survivors.

Trial registration: This trial is ethically approved and registered with clinical trial registry (NCT05020561).
IOP change after phacoemulsification with PCIOL implantation and its association with ocular biometric parameters
Authors: Rahman Sharah , Ahmed Jalal , Rahman Anisur , Anwar Ishtiaque , Zafrullah Tarzia Asma , Mitu Sharifa Zahan , Chowdhury Mahziba Rahman , Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub
Published: September 2021

: To assess the impact on intraocular pressure (IOP) after Phacoemulsification (PE) with Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (PCIOL) implantation and its relation with ocular biometric parameters.

The study was a prospective observational study included 524 eyes with normal IOP (11-21 mmHg) who underwent uneventful Phacoemulsification with PCIOL Implantation surgery for age-related cataract. IOP, Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Axial Length (AL) were measured pre-operatively and one month post-operatively by Goldman Applanation Tonometer, Corneal Pachymeter and Optical Coherence Biometer, respectively. The post-operative IOP change and its relation with preoperative biometric parameters were determined.

: The mean pre-operative and post-operative IOP was 13.44±1.98 & 11.54±1.66mmHg, respectively, with an average IOP reduction after one month of 1.90±0.61mmHg. The mean pre-operative and post-operative ACD was 3.27±0.24 and 3.66±0.27 mm, respectively, with an average increase of 0.39 ±0.3 mm. Paired t-test showed post-operative IOP reduction was significantly associated with preoperative IOP (p<0.001) and ACD (p<0.001). But CCT and AL were not significantly associated. The linear regression analysis confirmed the proportional reduction of post-operative IOP, r 0.921. So 92.1% of the preoperative IOP is proportional to post-operative IOP reduction. The graphical representation shows more the pre-operative IOP, more the post-operative IOP reduction.

: IOP is significantly reduced, and ACD increased after PE with PCIOL implantation surgery and is associated with post-operative IOP reduction. The post-operative IOP reduction is proportional to pre-operative IOP, and more the preoperative IOP, more the post-operative IOP reduction.
A comparison of axial length measurement by using applanation A- Scan and IOL master for accuracy of predicting postoperative refraction
Authors: Trivedi Harish R , Zala Bhavik C , Pancholi Nitesh S
Published: September 2021

The higher cost of IOL master is an issue in developing countries and hence it cannot be widely used for calculation of IOL power in such countries. Thus, the aim of the current study is to evaluate a cheaper alternative for the calculation of IOL power by comparing the axial length measurement obtained using applanation A-scan with that of IOL Master for accuracy of predicting postoperative refraction.

A prospective, randomized, comparative study was done with 100 patients who were posted for cataract surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each using computerized random number method. In Group A (n=50) axial length was measured with applanation A-scan and in Group B (n=50) axial length was measured with IOL Master. Before cataract surgery keratometry reading was taken with auto keratometer and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation was done using SRK 2 formula in all patients. All patients were operated for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens were implanted in the bag. Postoperatively, best accepted refraction at 8th week was taken and mean spherical equivalent was calculated.

100 patients of cataract were subjected for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification.

Corrected spherical equivalent on 8th postoperative week showed:

88% patients in Group A and 96% patients of Group B were within ± 1.00 D.

56% patients of Group A and 76% patients of Group B were within ± 0.50 D.

There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in axial length and corrected spherical equivalent between the two groups.

There is no extra advantage of IOL Master over applanation A-scan for measuring Axial Length between 21 and 24.50 and predicting post-operative refractive outcome.
Clinical profile and outcomes of descemetopexy in descemet membrane detachment (DMD) post-cataract surgery
Authors: Chawla Harshika , Vohra Vishal , Khan Asif , Bareja Monika
Published: September 2021

To identify the preoperative risk factors, type of cataract surgery, cataract grade, and final visual outcome in patients undergoing descemetopexy for DMD.

This was a retrospective study in which records of patients who underwent descemetopexy with either air or 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) between 1st July 2014 and 30th June 2017. Grade of cataract, type of surgery, visual outcomes, and site of DMD were recorded.

The mean age of the patients was 63.21 ± 5.8 years. Of the total 23 cases undergoing descemetopexy, 20 cases (87%) were after manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and three cases (13%) were post phacoemulsification. The mean duration of presentation with a detachment was 13.03± 10.9 days (1-40 days). The most common types of DMD were total (34.8%) followed by temporal (30.4%) and superior (26.1%). Two patients (8.6%) obtained LOGMAR visual acuity (VA) of 0.0 and 5 of 23 patients (21.7%) achieved LOGMAR VA 0.3 after descemetopexy. Reattachment rates were 87% and three cases had reintervention.

: This study identifies mature cataract and pre-existing corneal pathology as major risk factors for DMD during cataract surgery. DMD can be treated effectively and good visual outcome after successful descemetopexy.
A prospective study to evaluate the predictive value of ocular trauma score in cases of mechanical eye injuries in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Verma Rupali , Shukla Abha
Published: September 2021

Ocular trauma score (OTS) was proposed to predict the visual outcome of patients after ocular trauma, which estimates visual function (visual acuity) after 6 months of ocular trauma. This OTS scale is useful for guiding the treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with eye injury and to provide the valuable information and advice. Aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of OTS in cases of mechanical ocular trauma.

A prospective interventional study was carried out in a tertiary care centre over a period of 2 years; August 2017 to July 2019. Patients with mechanical eye trauma were included in the study. OTS score was calculated and recorded for each eye at the time of injury. Proper treatment given to each case and followed for six months. Results obtained were compared with standard OTS with respect to final VA.

Out of 50 patients mean age was 28.46 years, with majority between 21 to 50 years of age. There were 78% males and 22% were females. Metallic objects were the common source of injury in 27 cases (54%) like iron rod and nail. In cases (fifty eyes) the distribution of OTS variables was; globe rupture 86% (43 eyes), retinal detachment 6% (3 eyes), relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) 6% and endophthalmitis 2% (1 eye) respectively. The final visual acuities in OTS categories in our study groups were similar to those in the OTS study group, except for some categories.

OTS helps treating ophthalmic team to assess evidence based prognosis of a traumatized eye in advance. With the guidance of OTS the patient and their family can be counselled for further management.
Comparitive study between normal tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Shree B V Sowmya , Bharathi N  , Kumari C Shwetha , Sadananda Ranjitha C , Khanapur Madhura M
Published: September 2021

The study is conducted to determine the functional and structural differences between NTG and POAG, to assess the rate of conversion of NTG into POAG and its early intervention.

It is a hospital based prospective, cross-sectional study of 56 NTG and 56 POAG patients. History was taken and comprehensive ophthalmic examination with glaucoma work up was done.

Majority of the patients belonged to the age group between 51 and 60 years i.e. 48.2% in NTG and 62.5% in POAG. Majority of the NTG patients i.e. 33 (58.9%) were females while 41(73.2%) were males in POAG. 40% of NTG patients had systemic association like bronchial asthma, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and migraine. There was no significant difference in CDR between two groups. Inferior & temporal neuroretinal rim thinning was more common in NTG. While bipolar thinning & superior rim thinning was more common in POAG. There is significantly more thinning of RNFL in POAG than NTG. The mean deviation (MD) & pattern standard deviation (PSD) in visual fields between NTG & POAG showed no significant difference. Whereas the field loss was near centre of fixation in NTG group compared to POAG which was diffuse.

These differences between NTG and POAG suggest that the pathogenesis of NTG includes IOP and IOP independent risk factors, while IOP is the main risk factor in POAG. The parameters assessed determine the risk and progression of NTG to POAG.
Retinal vasculitis – Clinical manifestations and outcome at tertiary eye care centre in south India
Authors: Sultana Aliya , Sharath Kumar T
Published: September 2021

To study the various causes, clinical presentation, management and outcome of the retinal vasculitis cases at tertiary eye care centre.

Tertiary eye care centre, Telangana State, South India.

Retrospective Interventional Study.

Jan 2016 to Dec 2020.

Fifty one patients of retinal vasculitis presented with various clinical manifestations were examined in detail and managed. Data collected from medical records. All young patients of different age group presented with retinal vascular changes are included in the study. Patients underwent examination and laboratory workup. Few patients showed ocular and systemic investigations were with in the normal limits. These patients were considered as idiopathic cases. BCVA, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, FFA, OCT, B SCAN in hazy media and documentation done in all cases. Bilateral presentation was common, some presented with aggressive disease in both eyes (early and delayed presentation). Common presentation was blurred vision and sudden drop of vision. Few patients showed tuberculin skin test positive and managed as presumed ocular tuberculosis. Patients who were HIV positive managed with HART, prognosis was poor in these patients. Medical and surgical management done based on the stage of presentation, oral steroids, laser therapy, anti VEGF followed by pars plana vitrectomy with or with silicone oil tamponade done. Oral steroids were started after physician clearance and tapered based on the activity of the disease. Patients followed regularly every month till the activity ceases in medically managed cases and in operated cases we followed till the silicone oil is removed from the eye. Few patients presented with the reactivity of the disease were managed again based on the presentation.

Results were good in idiopathic cases, patients presented with inflammatory and ischemic stages also showed good outcome. Patients presented with proliferative stage showed fair outcome, patients presented with severe proliferative stage showed poor prognosis.

Retinal vasculitis is one of the ocular condition which can cause vision loss in young adults, if present in early stage, can be managed medically. Prognosis is good in early stages. Recurrent vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, combined retinal detachment were common presentations. Infective cases showed more proliferative changes. Risk of neovascular glaucoma is one of the cause of blindness.
Efficacy of rural camps in achieving vision 2020: Our contribution
Authors: Gajapati Charushila Gajapati , Patil Shankargauda H , Desai Anupama
Published: September 2021

: To assess the effectiveness of rural camps held under DBCS (District Blindness Control Programme) & compare the results of cataract surgery at base hospital cases.

It is a retrospective observational study, medical records of patients operated for cataract in camp & patients operated in base hospital are analyzed.

In our hospital outpatient department, we saw 2,08,716 patients from 2010-2019 and 7796 underwent cataract surgery. Under DBCS we conducted 262 camps from 2010-2019 & 4611 underwent cataract surgery.

A total of 27,524 patients got screened in 262 rural camps and 4671 underwent small incision cataract surgery at the base hospital after detailed clinical examination and IOL (intraocular lens) power calculation for each patient. Among 2,08,716 outpatients at the base hospital, 7796 underwent cataract surgery. The rate of intraoperative complications in the base hospital was 0.885% whereas in camp cases 1.94%.IOL implantation is done in 100%cases in base hospital surgeries and 0.064%patients left aphakic among rural camps.

Screening at outreach camps and surgeries at the base hospital can have excellent results. Mass surgeries in camps following standard protocol can have the least number of complications.
Pipeline of Optimization Techniques for Multi-Level Thresholding in Medical Image Compression Using 2D Histogram
Authors: Gollu Vimala Kumari , Sravani Ganta Usha , Prakash Mandru Sunil , Srikanth Ganta
Published: September 2021

In recent times, medical scan images are crucial for accurate diagnosis by medical professionals. Due to the increasing size of the medical images, transfer and storage of images require huge bandwidth and storage space, and hence needs compression. In this paper, multilevel thresholding using 2-D histogram is proposed for compressing the images. In the proposed work, hybridization of optimization techniques viz., Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) is used to optimize the multilevel thresholding process by assuming the Renyi entropy as an objective function. Meaningful clusters are possible with optimal threshold values, which lead to better image compression. For performance evaluation, the proposed work has been examined on six Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of brain and compared with individual optimization techniques as well as with 1-D histogram. Recent study reveals that peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) fail in measuring the visual quality of reconstructed image because of mismatch with the objective mean opinion scores (MOS). So, we incorporate weighted PSNR (WPSNR) and visual PSNR (VPSNR) as performance measuring parameters of the proposed method. Experimental results reveal that hGAPSO-SOS method can be accurately and efficiently used in problem of multilevel thresholding for image compression.
Impulse Noise Removal Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Alaoui Nail , Mashat Arwa , Adamou-Mitiche Amel Baha Houda , Mitiche Lahcène , Djalab Aicha , Daoudi Sara , Bouhamla Lakhdar
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new method, impulse noise removal based on hybrid genetic algorithm (INRHGA) to remove impulse noise at different noise densities of noise while preserving the main features of the image. The proposed approach merges the genetic algorithm and methods for filtering images that are combined into the population as essential solutions to create a developed and improved population. A set of individuals is developed into a number of iterations using factors of crossover and mutation. Our method develops a group of images instead of a set of parameters from the filters. We then introduced some of the concepts and steps of it. The proposed algorithm is compared with some image denoising algorithm. By using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM). For example, for Lenna image with 60% salt and pepper noise density, PSNR, SSIM results of AMF, MDBUTMFG and NAFSM methods are 20,39/ 28.74/ 29.85 and 0.5679/ 0.8312/ 0.8818 respectively, while PSNR, SSIM results of the proposed algorithm are 29.92 and 0.8838, respectively. Experimental results indicate that INRHGA is very effective and visually comparable with the above-mentioned methods at different levels of noise.
Integrated in-depth bioinformatic analysis suggests RELCH/KIAA1468, LINC02341, and AKAP11 as candidate genes for ages at menarche and menopause
Authors:   Alfaisal University, Dvornyk Volodymyr
Published: September 2021

Polymorphisms of the TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 genes were reported for their association with age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM). However, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unclear. The aim of the study: This study was to determine biological processes backing the observed genetic associations. Materials and methods: Fortyfour SNPs were analyzed using in silico approach and ten publicly available online databases and tools. Results: TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 are highly pleiotropic genes that play a role in many metabolic processes. However, among that variety, lipid metabolism and cell survival and apoptosis seem the most biologically plausible mechanisms, through which these genes contribute to AAM and ANM. The analysis identified several mechanisms underlying the previously determined association of the TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 genes with AAM and ANM and suggested RELCH/KIAA1468, LINC02341, and AKAP11 as new candidate genes for the traits.
Senile mouth as a component of geriatric status
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Borozentseva Vita A. , Borozentsev Vladislav Yu. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Pochitaeva Irina P. ,   Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Rozhdestvenskaya Olga A. ,   Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Evdokimova Tamara V. ,   St. Petersburg Postgraduate Institute of Medical Experts
Published: September 2021

According to the literature, there is a high prevalence of the syndrome of senile asthenia (frailty) among the elderly. This condition is associated with a number of physical, functional and biochemical changes in the body. The interrelationships of the senile mouth with the malnutrition syndrome are known, the associations with other geriatric syndromes are insufficiently studied. At the same time, early diagnosis of conditions and diseases as the risk factors for the development of senile mouth is very important. The aim of the study: To study the role of the senile mouth in the formation of geriatric status. Materials and methods: In total, 570 elderly and senile people were included in the study (58 persons without adentia, 512 persons with adentia. The age of the patients ranged from 65 to 84 years. The groups of patients without adentia and with adentia were comparable in age and sex composition. Results: The study showed that the senile mouth is associated with the loss of 11 or more teeth in any variant of adentia, and with a smaller number of lost teeth – with the 1st and 4th classes of adentia according to E. Kennedy, while the ethiological causes of adentia do not have a significance in increasing the risk for developing of senile mouth. Cardiovascular pathology, type 2 diabetes mellitus and diseases of the musculoskeletal system increase the risk of developing the progression of the senile mouth. The senile mouth is associated with such geriatric syndromes as the syndrome of malnutrition and the risk of its development, dina/ sarcopenia, falls syndrome, depression, cognitive disorders and uncorrected sensory deficits. Conclusion: Senile mouth take place in the processes of formation of geriatric status in elderly patients. It is necessary to investigate the state of the dentition according to E. Kennedy. The patients with complete adentia, as well as with grades 1, 4 of adentia and its mixed forms are the groups of increased risk of frailty. It is also advisable to conduct a comprehensive geriatric assessment with targeted correction of the identified geriatric syndromes in people with senile mouth before and after dental intervention.