bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Efficient Are Semi-Natural Ponds in Assimilating Wastewater Effluents? Application to Fuente de Piedra Ramsar, Mediterranean Salt Lake (South of Spain)
Authors: De-los-Ríos-Mérida Jesús , Reul Andreas , Muñoz María , Arijo Salvador , Tapia-Paniagua Silvana , Rendón-Martos Manuel , Guerrero Francisco
Published: August 2017

This work concerns the case study of a Mediterranean Ramsar salt lake (Fuente de Piedra, southern Spain) that receives the treated wastewater of the local village treatment plant. The wastewater goes through a system of canals, water dams, and three semi-natural ponds that were built in 2005. This work aims to investigate the capacity of the system to assimilate the impact of wastewater effluents on Lake Fuente de Piedra. For this, four points were sampled on 27–29 April 2016, at the inlet and the outlet points of the first and the third semi-natural ponds, with three replicates each. Temperature, pH, and conductivity at the inlet were 19.62 °C, 7.99, and 3262.67 μS/cm, respectively, and increased through the pond system by 7.59%, 8.04%, and 37.34%, respectively. Phytoplankton concentration indicators decreased from the inlet point to the outlet point (chlorophyll a from >500 to <20mg/L), as did the biovolume (from >5 × 1010 to 4.3 × 109 μm3/mL). Zooplankton biovolume, in contrast, increased three orders of magnitude from the inlet (3.5 × 107 μm3/mL) to the outlet point (1.6 × 109 μm3/mL). Heterotrophic bacteria (1.29 × 105 cfu/mL) and faecal enterococci (1033 ± 351 cfu/100 mL) were high at the inlet point, but decreased at the outlet point by almost three orders of magnitude. Total phosphorous and total nitrogen decreased 40.3% and 23.1% through the pond system. The results showed an improvement in water quality in its passage through the built system. Additionally, as permanent wetlands with acceptable water quality, the water system attracts wild fauna during the dry summer, leading to the conclusion that these semi-natural or artificial wetlands should be extrapolated to other aquatic ecosystems (Mediterranean wetlands) that receive contributions of residual waters. Better functioning of the treatment plant is desirable to improve the conservation of the Ramsar and adjacent wetlands systems.
Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv and Implications for Its Progenitor
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Sand David J. , Valenti Stefano , Brown Peter , Howell D. Andrew , McCully Curtis , Kasen Daniel , Arcavi Iair , Bostroem K. Azalee , Tartaglia Leonardo , Hsiao Eric Y. , Davis Scott , Shahbandeh Melissa , Stritzinger Maximilian D.
Published: August 2017

We present very early, high-cadence photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2017cbv. The light curve is unique in that it has a blue bump during the first five days of observations in the U, B, and g bands, which is clearly resolved given our photometric cadence of 5.7 hr during that time span. We model the light curve as the combination of early shocking of the supernova ejecta against a nondegenerate companion star plus a standard SN Ia component. Our best-fit model suggests the presence of a subgiant star 56 R
☉ from the exploding white dwarf, although this number is highly model-dependent. While this model matches the optical light curve well, it overpredicts the observed flux in the ultraviolet bands. This may indicate that the shock is not a blackbody, perhaps because of line blanketing in the UV. Alternatively, it could point to another physical explanation for the optical blue bump, such as interaction with circumstellar material or an unusual nickel distribution. Early optical spectra of SN 2017cbv show strong carbon (C ii
λ6580) absorption up through day −13 with respect to maximum light, suggesting that the progenitor system contains a significant amount of unburned material. These early results on SN 2017cbv illustrate the power of early discovery and intense follow-up of nearby supernovae to resolve standing questions about the progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms of SNe Ia.
The History of Home Cardiorespiratory Monitoring
Authors: Freed Gary E. , Martinez Francis
Published: August 2017

Home cardiorespiratory monitoring has changed significantly since it was first introduced in the 1970s. It has improved from a simple alarm system to a sophisticated piece of equipment capable of monitoring the patient's electrocardiogram, respiratory effort, and oxygen saturations. In addition, the indications for using a monitor have also changed. The home monitor was initially used to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Although there were several studies demonstrating the reduction of SIDS rates in communities where apnea programs existed, none was a prospective, double-blinded study or had adequate numbers to be clinically significant. Therefore, the American Academy of Pediatrics took the stance that monitors were not an effective way to reduce SIDS. However, when used appropriately, as part of a complete program (ie, the monitor is just one of many clinically based modalities), by a clinician with expertise in interpreting download tracings, home cardiorespiratory monitoring can be a useful, lifesaving, and economical tool to observe infants who are at increased risk of sudden death or increased morbidity secondary to intermittent hypoxia.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2017;46(8):e303–e308.]
The Dimensions of Organizational Entrepreneurial Learning
Authors: Marhamat Leila Fanaee , Zali Mohammad Reza , Rezvani Mehran
Published: August 2017

It is more than two decades that the concept of Entrepreneurial Learning (EL) has emerged by combing Entrepreneurship and Business Learning and its researchers have mostly focused on individual entrepreneurs as the unit of analysis. But EL can be observed in many entrepreneurial activities that take place in established organizations. This chapter aimed to clarify the main characteristics of Organizational Entrepreneurial Learning (OEL) which makes it distinct from Individual Entrepreneurial Learning. As OEL is related to how an established organization learns about the entrepreneurial opportunity, and because of the main role of the interaction between organizational members in its process, this kind of learning can be considered as the opportunity-oriented Interactive learning in organizational context. Through literature review, three relevant dimensions have been identified for OEL, namely: Cognitive Learning Skills, Behavioral learning skills, and Action learning skills. This Model can be a platform for studying EL in organizational level.
Shortening the Learning Curve of Media Start-Ups in Accelerators
Authors: Salamzadeh Aidin , Markovic Mirjana Radovic
Published: August 2017

Business accelerators are playing a key role in facilitating the process of new venture creation. Start-ups generally look for the best accelerators to make their long journey short. Media start-ups also look for a supportive mechanism to fasten their start-up experience. In this process, one of the main issues is to shorten their learning curve which is possible by use of start-up accelerators. Therefore, this chapter deals with the idea that which factors are important in this regard. To do so, first, a brief review of the support mechanisms is presented, and it is discussed that how start-up accelerators shorten the learning curve of the start-ups. Then, five media start-ups which were created in accelerators are studied. All of the cases were established after 2014, since the accelerators started working from the same year. According to the findings, there are mainly six reasons for shortening of the learning curve by start-up accelerators, including: (1) Short creation period, (2) Seminars and courses, (3) Co-working space, (4) Divided teams, (5) Cohort peers, and (6) Mentorship.
Impact of Media Richness on Reduction of Knowledge-Hiding Behavior in Enterprises
Authors: Labafi Somayeh , Khajeheian Datis , Williams Idongesit
Published: August 2017

Knowledge hiding is one of the major obstacles in the progression of organizations that hinder the use of tacit knowledge of employees. The negative impact of this behavior is more significant in enterprises and small firms, because they are more reliant on knowledge of their employees. For this reason, factors that influence on tendency of employees to expose and use their knowledge would be appreciated by managers of organizations. With the aid of a conceptual framework in a qualitative study, this paper investigates the effect of media richness on knowledge hiding. Thematic analysis is used to analyze transcribed interview data from employees in a software company in Iran. Findings of the analysis show that media richness significantly impacts on organizational learning and influences on knowledge hiding behavior in employees. This article suggests that entrepreneurs and managers of small firms should provide employees' access to rich media content.
Causes of informal settlements in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality: An exploration
Authors: Marutlulle Noah K.
Published: August 2017

This article aims to explore the causes of informal settlements in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (EMM). The article strongly challenges the view that the cause of informal settlements in EMM and other parts of South Africa is predominantly the apartheid government and agrees with literature which provides evidence that to a larger extent, the present government, not the apartheid government, is one of the dominant causes of informal settlements. The article further establishes a common and fertile ground for the convergence of the different views and perspectives into variables which, in addition to the present government, include population growth, government economic policies, economic variables, housing shortage, unavailability of land and unaffordability as the real causes of informal settlements in EMM.
Continuous prayer in Catherine of Siena
Authors: Villegas Diana L.
Published: August 2017

Catherine of Siena offers considerable wisdom regarding continuous prayer. However, this wisdom in not well known because it is scattered among her texts, including over 373 letters, and is expressed in images and metaphors, the product of oral communication by a 14th-century woman with no formal education. Through a literary analysis of original texts, I will show the interconnection among the meanings of her symbolic communications, offering a narrative about continuous prayer. I will explore the meaning of inner cell and time spent in this cell for knowledge of self and God. I will show how this dual knowledge results in transformation of the deepest motivation at the core of the person. Living consciously and for God’s kingdom out of this transformed core of the self constitutes continuous prayer.
Autumn – winter minimum temperature changes in the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range of northeast Asia since 1509 AD
Authors: Ukhvatkina Olga N. , Omelko Alexander M. , Zhmerenetsky Alexander A. , Petrenko Tatyana Y.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The aim of our research was to reconstruct climatic parameters (for the first time for the Sikhote-Alin mountain range) and to compare them with global climate fluctuations. As a result, we have found that one of the most important limiting factors for the study area is the minimum temperatures of the previous autumn-winter season (August–December), and this finding perfectly conforms to that in other territories. We reconstructed the previous August–December minimum temperature for 505 years, from 1509 to 2014. We found three cold periods (1650–1681, 1791–1853, 1865–1918) and four warm periods (1509–1529, 1562–1583, 1747–1781, and 1944–2014). These periods correlate well with reconstructed data for the Northern Hemisphere and the neighboring territories of China and Japan. Our reconstruction has 2–4, 9-,11, 48 and 189-year periods, which are in line with high-frequency fluctuations in ENSO, the short-term solar cycle, PDO fluctuations and the de-Vier quazi-200 solar activity cycle, respectively. We have confirmed the climatic response to solar activity, which corresponds to cold periods during the solar minimum. These comparisons show that our climatic reconstruction based on tree-ring chronology for this area may potentially provide a proxy record for long-term, large-scale past temperature patterns for northeast Asia. The reconstruction reflects the global traits and local variations in the climatic processes of the southern territory of the Russian Far East for more than the past 500 years.
A new phase in the production of quality-controlled sea level data
Authors: Quartly Graham D. , Legeais Jean-François , Ablain Michaël , Zawadzki Lionel , Fernandes M. Joana , Rudenko Sergei , Carrère Loren , García Pablo Nilo , Cipollini Paolo , Andersen Ole B. , Poisson Jean-Christophe , Mbajon Njiche Sabrina , Cazenave Anny , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Sea level is an essential climate variable (ECV) that has a direct effect on many people through inundations of coastal areas, and it is also a clear indicator of climate changes due to external forcing factors and internal climate variability. Regional patterns of sea level change inform us on ocean circulation variations in response to natural climate modes such as El Niño and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and anthropogenic forcing. Comparing numerical climate models to a consistent set of observations enables us to assess the performance of these models and help us to understand and predict these phenomena, and thereby alleviate some of the environmental conditions associated with them. All such studies rely on the existence of long-term consistent high-accuracy datasets of sea level. The Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency was established in 2010 to provide improved time series of some ECVs, including sea level, with the purpose of providing such data openly to all to enable the widest possible utilisation of such data. Now in its second phase, the Sea Level CCI project (SL_cci) merges data from nine different altimeter missions in a clear, consistent and well-documented manner, selecting the most appropriate satellite orbits and geophysical corrections in order to further reduce the error budget. This paper summarises the corrections required, the provenance of corrections and the evaluation of options that have been adopted for the recently released v2.0 dataset (https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612). This information enables scientists and other users to clearly understand which corrections have been applied and their effects on the sea level dataset. The overall result of these changes is that the rate of rise of global mean sea level (GMSL) still equates to ∼ 3.2 mm yr−1 during 1992–2015, but there is now greater confidence in this result as the errors associated with several of the corrections have been reduced. Compared with v1.1 of the SL_cci dataset, the new rate of change is 0.2 mm yr−1 less during 1993 to 2001 and 0.2 mm yr−1 higher during 2002 to 2014. Application of new correction models brought a reduction of altimeter crossover variances for most corrections.
Improving Estimation Accuracy in Nonrandomized Response Questioning Methods by Multiple Answers
Authors: Groenitz Heiko
Published: August 2017

When private or stigmatizing characteristics are included in sample surveys, direct questions result in low cooperation of the respondents. To increase cooperation, indirect questioning procedures have been established in the literature. Nonrandomized response methods are one group of such procedures and have attracted much attention in recent years. In this article, we consider four popular nonrandomized response schemes and present a possibility to improve the estimation precision of these schemes. The basic idea is to require multiple indirect answers from each respondent. We develop a Fisher scoring algorithm for the maximum likelihood estimation in the presented new schemes and show the better efficiency of the new schemes compared with the original designs.
Burhan Wani and the Masculinities of the Indian State
Authors: Hartwell Fabian Alexander
Published: August 2017

Burhan Wani, the ‘pin-up boy’ of Kashmiri separatism was shot dead by Indian Special Forces in July 2016. Wani, a commander for Kashmir-based militant outfit Hizbul Mujahideen, was popular on social media for his advocacy against Indian rule in Kashmir and his calls suggesting violent insurrection against the Indian state. As a Kashmiri Muslim, Wani was doubly marginalised by the dominant Hinduised space of the imagined Indian nation; his reactive masculinity directly challenged the Hindu bravado he encountered in the state-sanctioned hyper-masculinity exemplified by the Indian Armed Forces. The article is inspired by the theoretical contributions of Jasbir Puar and Sudhir Kakar, who argue that the heteronormativity of society is produced through the homosexual and that the Hindu is constituted through the Muslim Other. Furthermore, utilizing Dibyesh Anand’s critical conceptualization of Indian nationalism as ‘porno nationalism’, the article argues that the way the Muslim is constituted is by fetishisation of the Muslim body as ‘hypersexed’, ‘abnormal’ and often criminal. Wani’s masculinity and his public representation constitute a nexus between the technological advancement that enables growing linkages between elements of the global jihad, the emergence of a transnational jihadi culture and him as a role model for young men, whose class and religious identity is superseded by the irredentist claims of the freedom fighter. Refocusing our attention from the superstructures of global masculine posturing to localized, individual experiences of violence, this article aims to reposition Wani, and Muslims, as integral to the masculinities of the Indian State.
Consecrated Ground: Spatial Exclusion and the Black Urban Body
Authors: Beneventi Domenico A.
Published: August 2017

There has been a long history of discrimination, exclusion, and racial segregation of Canada’s black communities. The establishment and growth of the slave trade, enabled by European maritime technology, made it economically feasible and efficient to establish a trade network of slaves between Africa and the New World. Labour supply in the Americas was affected not only by the lack of Native Americans’ immunity to European diseases, but by European workers’ inability to contend with the extreme heat and tropical diseases in the South American colonies. James Walker argues that contrary to the prevalent understanding that the slave trade was justified by a racialized discourse which constructed the black body inferior to that of whites, “it was the superiority of African labourers in the New World tropics that sealed their fate as slaves” (140).
Elementos para uma aproximação à prosa realista contemporânea de Sérgio Fantini
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Elisa , Carvalho Rafael Fernandes
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, baseamo-nos na leitura da obra em prosa do escritor mineiro Sérgio Fantini e em diversos trabalhos teóricos atuais para propor uma discussão sobre as nuanças do chamado “realismo” em sua literatura (conto e novela), suas relações com as gerações de escritores que emergiram na segunda metade do século XX e a inserção do autor no circuito literário e editorial contemporâneo brasileiro, especialmente porque ele frequenta diversas antologias de escritores representativos de uma época e de um modo de escrever. Procuramos mostrar os elementos – violentos e cotidianos – da prosa de Fantini, em relação a seus pares e parceiros, de ontem e hoje.
Rastros de memória e fagulhas da criação em Cinzas do Norte
Authors: Menezes Roniere Silva , Sá Izabel Fonseca
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho objetiva investigar o emprego do conceito de memória no processo criativo do romance Cinzas do Norte, de Milton Hatoum. São estabelecidas relações entre a vida do autor e a sua obra, a partir do conceito de “biografema” estabelecido por Roland Barthes. Relações entre vivência, memória, esquecimento e invenção serão abordadas, assim como diálogos entre literatura, memória, corpo e História contemporânea do Brasil. A estrutura do enredo de Cinzas do Norte reflete a perspectiva de trabalhos fragmentários com a memória. A mescla entre cartas, relatos e foco narrativo reconfiguram modalidades mais tradicionais do gênero memorialístico. Todavia, o discurso ainda se prende a um posicionamento ligado, em última instância, à voz do narrador, responsável este por reorganizar os diversos textos e gêneros que se alternam no livro.

 
Perguntas sobre o conservadorismo de José de Alencar
Authors: De Oliveira José Quintão
Published: August 2017

Parece não haver entre a crítica literária nacional a mínima dúvida a respeito do conservadorismo de José de Alencar. Desde a sua época o escritor é apontado como um conservador e algumas vezes mesmo com um escravocrata. Pretende-se analisar essas certezas tão sólidas e definitivas não para decidir sobre a sua correção ou incorreção. A partir de um olhar sobre a carreira e os escritos políticos, as peças teatrais e a ficção de Alencar se quer compreender seu pensamento e convicções. Por essa via talvez se termine por trazer algumas questões e dúvidas a um tema em que parece existir muita certeza e pouco debate. 
Os aprendizes são viajantes: identidades metaforizadas de estudantes de inglês de Hong Kong e Belo Horizonte
Authors: Gomes Junior Ronaldo Corrêa
Published: August 2017

Se as metáforas são um fenômeno cognitivo pelo qual atribuímos sentido ao mundo e a nós mesmos, entender, as identidades e como elas são construídas também pode ser uma questão de metáfora. Este artigo relata uma pesquisa que buscou investigar as identidades de estudantes de inglês da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e da City University of Hong Kong por meio da análise das metáforas encontradas em histórias de aprendizagem multimodais. Nesse estudo, dois conjuntos de narrativas foram analisados – um de cada universidade. Os dados revelam que a identidade metaforizada mais frequente nos dois grupos de participantes envolve percursos, caminhos e jornadas, como a do viajante. Conhecer as metáforas que os aprendizes usam para falar sobre aprendizagem de línguas pode ajudar os professores a entender melhor as identidades construídas durante esse processo.

Palavras-chave: Identidades metaforizadas. Metáforas. Identidades. Aprendizagem. Língua inglesa.
As metáforas animais e suas implicações interacionais
Authors: Cavalcanti Fernanda , Pelosi Ana Cristina
Published: August 2017

Objetivamos com este artigo discutir as implicações das metáforas animais na linguagem diária dos falantes com base nas hipóteses da inexpressividade, da compacidade e da nitidez formuladas por Gibbs (1994) e no papel social das metáforas em Rodriguez (2009). Para tanto, além da introdução e da conclusão, o artigo foi organizado em três seções. Na primeira seção, discutimos o papel das metáforas verbais na comunicação humana em Gibbs (1994); na segunda seção, a metáfora animal ser humano é animal;
e na terceira seção, a relevância das metáforas animais na compreensão e construção das identidades sociais e de gênero em Rodriguez (2009) bem como analisamos, a título de exemplo das questões levantadas, a metáfora animal ‘perua’ a partir de posts publicados no blog Saltimbanca e no site Na Casa da Gabi.

Palavras-chave: Metáfora verbal. Metáfora animal. Gênero e identidades sociais. Linguagem diária. Interações verbais.
Motivação metafórica nos phrasal verbs: uma concepção semântico-cognitiva
Authors: Pierozan Samanta Kélly Menoncin
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como propósito mostrar alguns passos que podem conduzir à identificação das metáforas conceptuais que motivam os sentidos das partículas up e down, elementos constituintes de phrasal verbs, bem como averiguar os mapeamentos metafóricos que motivam essas metáforas, partindo da verificação de quais são os sentidos dessas partículas que expressam os esquemas imagéticos propostos por Rudzka-Ostyn (2003). Este estudo adota como pilar a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual preconizada por Lakoff e Johnson (1980), uma abordagem semântico-cognitiva, a fim de que se possa refletir sobre a semântica das construções verbo-partícula, cujos significados, na sua maioria, são estendidos metaforicamente. A Linguística de Corpus é utilizada como um recurso metodológico, o que possibilita a realização da coleta de dados autênticos para serem analisados. Pela análise averigua-se que as partículas up e down são utilizadas tanto com sentido prototípico quanto com sentido metafórico, porém, o uso metafórico,
também chamado de estendido, prevalece.

Palavras-chave: Phrasal verbs. Semântica Cognitiva. Motivação metafórica. Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual. Linguística de Corpus.
A percepção auditiva e visual das fricativas do Português Brasileiro diante da manipulação do sinal acústico
Authors: Ferreira-Silva Audinéia , Pacheco Vera , Cagliari Luís Carlos
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é avaliar o papel das informações auditiva e visual na percepção das fricativas do Português Brasileiro, quando apresentadas com ambiguidade/manipulação do sinal acústico.  Para tanto, montamos um corpus de palavras dissílabas, com estrutura silábica C1V1.C2V2, onde C1 é uma das fricativas, C2 é a oclusiva surda e V1 eV2 são uma das vogais/a/, /i/ ou /u/. Após a gravação do corpus, o sinal acústico das fricativas foi manipulado em termos de duração do ruído e frequência do espectro. Nossos resultados evidenciam que os índices de identificação das fricativas foram, de maneira geral, maiores quando elas apresentavam a informação audiovisual. Nossos achados atestam que, quando as fricativas têm seu sinal manipulado, em termos de duração e frequência, seu desempenho perceptual aumenta nos casos em que a informação visual é apresentada com a auditiva, ou seja, diante da manipulação do sinal, as fricativas apresentam médias de recuperação mais altas com a informação audiovisual do que com a informação, apenas, auditiva. Esses resultados corroboram os tradicionais estudos de Sumby e Pollack (1954) e McGurk e MacDonald (1976), que afirmam que, na percepção, os ouvintes integram visão e audição. Assim, e considerando os pressupostos do FLMP de Massaro (1987), nossos resultados evidenciam que, na percepção da fala, cada fonte de informação é mais influenciável, na medida em que a outra fonte é mais ambígua.
Deficiência Visual, Interação e Desenvolvimento da Linguagem
Authors: Kaodoinski Fabiana , Toniazzo Fernanda Ribeiro
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho pretende refletir sobre a importância da interação de crianças cegas congênitas com os objetos de conhecimento, com o espaço e com o outro para a promoção da aprendizagem e para o desenvolvimento do pensamento e da linguagem do indivíduo com essa deficiência. Nesse estudo teórico, entende-se a relação intersubjetiva como constitutiva do eu, conforme postulados benvenistianos. Além disso, considerando a premissa de Leonhardt (1992) de que a visão é responsável por integrar e organizar a experiência proveniente dos outros sentidos, destaca-se que o cego, por não dispor da percepção visual, pode ter dificuldades de formar conceitos – segundo pressupostos de Vygotski. Diante disso, busca-se explicitar, com base em estudos de Autor, a complexidade inerente à configuração da relação enunciativa “eu-tu” no processo de formação de conceitos em crianças com cegueira congênita, destacando-se a necessidade da constante mediação do cuidador para a promoção do desenvolvimento da cognição e da linguagem. A partir deste estudo, foi possível perceber que há um processo sistêmico no desenvolvimento do cego congênito, ou seja, linguagem, pensamento, cognição e interação estão interligados e são indissociáveis.
De perceptos a frames: cognição ecológica e linguagem
Authors: Duque Paulo Henrique
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo, proponho uma abordagem ecológica de cognição e linguagem, demonstrando que os processos de conceptualização parecem emergir da interação organismo-ambiente. Tal abordagem cognitiva exige a coordenação dos dois extremos dessa emergência e a consideração de que o uso da linguagem inevitavelmente envolve tanto os processos iniciais de interação do organismo com o ambiente quanto as estruturas e os processos que emergem dessas interações. De acordo com a abordagem aqui proposta, desenvolvemos conceitos e reorientamos nossos pensamentos sobre o mundo por meio de um mecanismo conhecido como framing, isto é, o recurso discursivo-cognitivo de que dispomos para (re)modelar circuitos neurais (ou frames).
Mobilization of LINE-1 retrotransposons is restricted by Tex19.1 in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: MacLennan Marie , García-Cañadas Marta , Reichmann Judith , Khazina Elena , Wagner Gabriele , Playfoot Christopher J , Salvador-Palomeque Carmen , Mann Abigail R , Peressini Paula , Sanchez Laura , Dobie Karen , Read David , Hung Chao-Chun , Eskeland Ragnhild , Meehan Richard R , Weichenrieder Oliver , García-Pérez Jose Luis , Adams Ian R
Published: August 2017

Mobilization of retrotransposons to new genomic locations is a significant driver of mammalian genome evolution, but these mutagenic events can also cause genetic disorders. In humans, retrotransposon mobilization is mediated primarily by proteins encoded by LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons, which mobilize in pluripotent cells early in development. Here we show that TEX19.1, which is induced by developmentally programmed DNA hypomethylation, can directly interact with the L1-encoded protein L1-ORF1p, stimulate its polyubiquitylation and degradation, and restrict L1 mobilization. We also show that TEX19.1 likely acts, at least in part, through promoting the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR2 towards L1-ORF1p. Moreover, loss of Tex19.1 increases L1-ORF1p levels and L1 mobilization in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, implying that Tex19.1 prevents de novo retrotransposition in the pluripotent phase of the germline cycle. These data show that post-translational regulation of L1 retrotransposons plays a key role in maintaining trans-generational genome stability in mammals.
The β-alanine transporter BalaT is required for visual neurotransmission in Drosophila
Authors: Han Yongchao , Xiong Liangyao , Xu Ying , Tian Tian , Wang Tao
Published: August 2017

The recycling of neurotransmitters is essential for sustained synaptic transmission. In Drosophila, histamine recycling is required for visual synaptic transmission. Synaptic histamine is rapidly taken up by laminar glia, and is converted to carcinine. After delivered back to photoreceptors, carcinine is hydrolyzed to release histamine and β-alanine. This histamine is repackaged into synaptic vesicles, but it is unclear how the β-alanine is returned to the laminar glial cells. Here, we identified a new β-alanine transporter, which we named BalaT (Beta-alanine Transporter). Null balat mutants exhibited lower levels of β-alanine, as well as less β-alanine accumulation in the retina. Moreover, BalaT is expressed and required in retinal pigment cells for maintaining visual synaptic transmission and phototaxis behavior. These results provide the first genetic evidence that retinal pigment cells play a critical role in visual neurotransmission, and suggest that a BalaT-dependent β-alanine trafficking pathway is required for histamine homeostasis and visual neurotransmission.
Characterisation of microsatellite and SNP markers from Miseq and genotyping-by-sequencing data among parapatricUrophora cardui(Tephritidae) populations
Authors: Johannesen Jes , Fabritzek Armin G. , Ebner Bettina , Bikar Sven-Ernö
Published: August 2017

Phylogeographic analyses of the gall flyUrophora carduihave in earlier studies based on allozymes and mtDNA identified small-scale, parapatrically diverged populations within an expanding Western Palearctic population. However, the low polymorphism of these markers prohibited an accurate delimitation of the evolutionary origin of the parapatric divergence.Urophora carduifrom the Western Palearctic have been introduced into Canada as biological control agents of the host plantCirsium arvense. Here, we characterise 12 microsatellite loci with hexa-, penta- and tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs and report a genotyping-by-sequencing SNP protocol. We test the markers for genetic variation among three parapatricU. carduipopulations. Microsatellite variability (N = 59 individuals) was high: expected heterozygosity/locus/population (0.60–0.90), allele number/locus/population (5–21). One locus was alternatively sex-linked in males or females. Cross-species amplification in the sister speciesU. stylatawas successful or partially successful for seven loci. For genotyping-by-sequencing (N = 18 individuals), different DNA extraction methods did not affect data quality. Depending on sequence sorting criteria, 1,177–2,347 unlinked SNPs and 1,750–4,469 parsimony informative sites were found in 3,514–5,767 loci recovered after paralog filtering. Both marker systems quantified the same population partitions with high probabilities. Many and highly differentiated loci in both marker systems indicate genome-wide diversification and genetically distinct populations.
Genome-wide identification of CBL family and expression analysis of CBLs in response to potassium deficiency in cotton
Authors: Lu Tingting , Zhang Gaofeng , Sun Lirong , Wang Ji , Hao Fushun
Published: August 2017

Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, as calcium sensors, play pivotal roles in plant responses to diverse abiotic stresses and in growth and development through interaction with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). However, knowledge about functions and evolution of CBLs in Gossypium plants is scarce. Here, we conducted a genome-wide survey and identified 13, 13 and 22 CBL genes in the progenitor diploid Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, and the cultivated allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. Analysis of physical properties, chromosomal locations, conserved domains and phylogeny indicated rather conserved nature of CBLs among the three Gossypium species. Moreover, these CBLs have closer genetic evolutionary relationship with the CBLs from cocoa than with those from other plants. Most CBL genes underwent evolution under purifying selection in the three Gossypium plants. Additionally, nearly all G. hirsutum CBL (GhCBL) genes were expressed in the root, stem, leaf, flower and fiber. Many GhCBLs were preferentially expressed in the flower while several GhCBLs were mainly expressed in roots. Expression patterns of GhCBL genes in response to potassium deficiency were also studied. The expression of most GhCBLs were moderately induced in roots after treatments with low-potassium stress. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that GhCBL1-2, GhCBL1-3, GhCBL4-4, GhCBL8, GhCBL9 and GhCBL10-3 interacted with GhCIPK23, respectively. Our results provided a comprehensive view of the CBLs and valuable information for researchers to further investigate the roles and functional mechanisms of the CBLs in Gossypium.
Diet of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus, at San Jorge Island, northern Gulf of California, Mexico, 1998–1999
Authors: Mellink E , Romero-Saavedra AL
Published: August 2017

The California sea lion, Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828), is the only resident pinniped in the Gulf of California, the largest populations inhabiting the Midriff islands and the northern gulf. San Jorge Island, in the northern gulf, has the second largest reproductive colony, and it is genetically different from other colonies in the gulf. We studied the diet of the San Jorge sea lions through scat analysis from February 1998 to March 1999. Midshipman, Porichthys sp. (mostly darkedge midshipman, P. analis Hubbs and Schultz, 1939) was the most important prey item for sea lions at San Jorge, followed by Panama grunt, Pomadasys panamensis (Steindachner, 1875), and Panama brief squid, Lolliguncula panamensis Berry, 1911. It appears that the sea lions foraged mostly on the sea bottom. The prey consumed by sea lions at San Jorge are of no commercial interest. There was little dietary overlap between California sea lions and brown boobies, Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783), the most abundant ichthyophagous bird on the island.
Effect of the spatial and temporal variability of winds on the circulation in the Gulf of California
Authors: Jiménez A , Marinone SG , Parés-Sierra A
Published: August 2017

A numerical model of the Gulf of California is used to study and compare the circulation due to a spatially homogeneous and time symmetric wind (VI) and one derived from QuikScat data (VO). The mean and seasonal evolution of the currents are presented for both cases, as well as their associated fields of kinetic energy, vorticity and horizontal divergence. On average, the currents generated by VI are weaker than those of VO and with a simpler spatial structure: anticyclonic circulation in the south and irregular in the north. In both cases, variability is larger on the continental coast in shallow waters but differs in the duration of the cyclonic/anticyclonic gyre in the northern basin. The magnitude of the currents also shows differences between the experiments because of stronger winds from autumn to winter for VO and during summer for VI. The average of the kinetic energy is greater for both experiments on the continental side. High relative vorticity cores are present along the gulf for VO. Close to the coast, the divergence and convergence is large in both cases, and large only for VO far from the coast. The temporal evolution of the kinetic energy, vorticity and divergence is more irregular for VO. Vorticity and divergence is generated only on the coasts and for strong winds for VI, whereas for VO it is also produced as a result of the wind stress curl.
Spatiotemporal variability in biogenic gas dynamics in a subtropical peat soil at the laboratory scale is revealed using high‐resolution ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Mustasaar Mario , Comas Xavier
Published: August 2017

The importance of peatlands as sources of greenhouse gas emissions has been demonstrated in many studies during the last two decades. While most studies have shown the heterogeneous distribution of biogenic gas in peat soils at the field scale (sampling volumes in the order of meters), little information exists for submeter scales, particularly relevant to properly capture the dynamics of hot spots for gas accumulation and release when designing sampling routines with methods that use smaller (i.e., submeter) sampling volumes like flux chambers. In this study, ground‐penetrating radar is used at the laboratory scale to evaluate biogenic gas dynamics at high spatial resolution (i.e., cm) in a peat monolith from the Everglades. The results indicate sharp changes (both spatially and temporally) in the dynamics of gas accumulation and release, representing hot spots for production and release of biogenic gases with surface areas ranging between 5 to 10 cm diameter and are associated with increases in porosity. Furthermore, changes in gas composition and inferred methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes also displayed a high spatiotemporal variability associated with hot spots, resulting in CH4 and CO2 flux estimates showing differences up to 1 order of magnitude during the same day for different parts of the sample. This work follows on recent studies in the Everglades and questions the appropriateness of spatial and temporal scales of measurement when defining gas dynamics by showing how flux values may change both spatially and temporarily even when considering submeter spatial scales.
Exact Vlasov‐Maxwell equilibria for asymmetric current sheets
Authors: Allanson O. , Wilson F. , Neukirch T. , Liu Y.‐H. , Hodgson J. D. B.
Published: August 2017

The NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale mission has made in situ diffusion region and kinetic‐scale resolution measurements of asymmetric magnetic reconnection for the first time, in the Earth's magnetopause. The principal theoretical tool currently used to model collisionless asymmetric reconnection is particle‐in‐cell simulations. Many particle‐in‐cell simulations of asymmetric collisionless reconnection start from an asymmetric Harris‐type magnetic field but with distribution functions that are not exact equilibrium solutions of the Vlasov equation. We present new and exact equilibrium solutions of the Vlasov‐Maxwell system that are self‐consistent with one‐dimensional asymmetric current sheets, with an asymmetric Harris‐type magnetic field profile, plus a constant nonzero guide field. The distribution functions can be represented as a combination of four shifted Maxwellian distribution functions. This equilibrium describes a magnetic field configuration with more freedom than the previously known exact solution and has different bulk flow properties.
Depth variations of 410 km and 660 km discontinuities in eastern North China Craton revealed by ambient noise interferometry
Authors: Feng Jikun , Yao Huajian , Poli Piero , Fang Lihua , Wu Yan , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2017

Recent studies have demonstrated that body waves between pairs of stations can be successfully retrieved from ambient noise cross correlation at both regional and global scales, although surface waves are the dominant signals. However, it is still difficult to use these retrieved body wave signals to map lateral depth variations of main structural discontinuities or velocity contrasts because of its low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In this research, based on a dense seismic array in eastern North China Craton, reflected P wave signals from 410 km and 660 km discontinuities can be successfully recovered from ambient noise cross correlation. To improve SNR, the cross correlations are stacked within each bin with the phase‐weighted stack method. The retrieved P410P and P660P phases from stacked correlations reveal lateral variations of both depths and sharpness of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities along two profiles, which may be related with hot material upwelling and the effect of stagnant Pacific Plate in the transition zone beneath North China Craton. The imaging results are generally consistent with the results from teleseismic receiver functions, which demonstrate the possibility of mapping high‐resolution topography and sharpness of deep internal discontinuities without earthquake‐station geometric limitations.
The vertical transport of methane from different potential emission types on Mars
Authors: Holmes J. A. , Patel M. R. , Lewis S. R.
Published: August 2017

The contrasting evolutionary behavior of the vertical profile of methane from three potential release scenarios is analyzed using a global circulation model with assimilated temperature profiles. Understanding the evolving methane distribution is essential for interpretation of future retrievals of the methane vertical profile taken by instruments on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter spacecraft. We show that at methane release rates constrained by previous observations and modeling studies, discriminating whether the methane source is a sustained or instantaneous surface emission requires at least 10 sols of tracking the emission. A methane source must also be observed within 5 to 10 sols of the initial emission to distinguish whether the emission occurs directly at the surface or within the atmosphere via destabilization of metastable clathrates. Assimilation of thermal data is shown to be critical for the most accurate backtracking of an observed methane plume to its origin.
Ground pulsation magnetometer observations conjugated with relativistic electron precipitation
Authors: Yahnin A. G. , Yahnina T. A. , Raita T. , Manninen J.
Published: August 2017

In this report, we investigate the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in production of relativistic electron precipitation (REP). Over a thousand REP events were detected from four NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites in July–December 2005. Of these, a total of 112 events were conjugated with a ground‐based network of six Finnish induction coil magnetometers and one in Lovozero observatory at Kola Peninsula, Russia. The observation of geomagnetic pulsations during the conjugated events showed that about one third of them were accompanied by pulsations in the Pc1 range, which are the signature of EMIC waves. In fact, the sources of some of these EMIC waves were well outside the location of the REP event. This means that in such cases the REP events were not originated from scattering by EMIC waves. Finally, it is concluded that for this limited set of conjugated events only a quarter might be related to scattering by EMIC waves. The majority of the events are not correlated with EMIC wave signatures in ground‐based observations; they were associated with either no pulsations or noise‐like pulsations PiB and PiC.
Seasonal variations in methane fluxes in response to summer warming and leaf litter addition in a subarctic heath ecosystem
Authors: Pedersen Emily Pickering , Elberling Bo , Michelsen Anders
Published: August 2017

Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas controlled by both biotic and abiotic processes. Few studies have investigated CH4 fluxes in subarctic heath ecosystems, and climate change‐induced shifts in CH4 flux and the overall carbon budget are therefore largely unknown. Hence, there is an urgent need for long‐term in situ experiments allowing for the study of ecosystem processes over time scales relevant to environmental change. Here we present in situ CH4 and CO2 flux measurements from a wet heath ecosystem in northern Sweden subjected to 16 years of manipulations, including summer warming with open‐top chambers, birch leaf litter addition, and the combination thereof. Throughout the snow‐free season, the ecosystem was a net sink of CH4 and CO2 (CH4 −0.27 mg C m−2 d−1; net ecosystem exchange −1827 mg C m−2 d−1), with highest CH4 uptake rates (−0.70 mg C m−2 d−1) during fall. Warming enhanced net CO2 flux, while net CH4 flux was governed by soil moisture. Litter addition and the combination with warming significantly increased CH4 uptake rates, explained by a pronounced soil drying effect of up to 32% relative to ambient conditions. Both warming and litter addition also increased the seasonal average concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the soil. The site was a carbon sink with a net uptake of 60 g C m−2 over the snow‐free season. However, warming reduced net carbon uptake by 77%, suggesting that this ecosystem type might shift from snow‐free season sink to source with increasing summer temperatures.