bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Trends in Infant Formulas Composition Enhancement
Authors: Belyaeva Irina A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Bombardirova Elena P. , Turti Tatiana V.
Published: December 2022

This article provides the overview of the major strategies for infant formulas composition enhancement via modern technologies and trends in minimizing technology-related loads on the environment. Potential modifications of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk formulas nutrients have been determined. We also covered product contents changing over age, as well as the perspectives of using animal milk in formulas. The relevance of adding biologically active substances and living microorganisms (probiotics), their safety, and efficacy are discussed.
Results of 14-year-long Enzyme Replacement Therapy in a Patient with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II: Clinical Case
Authors: Zhurkova Natalia V. , Vashakmadze Nato D. , Mikhaylova Ludmila K. , Babaykina Marina A. , Fedorova Nina V. , Voskoboeva Elena Yu. , Zakharova Ekaterina Yu. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: December 2022

Background. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a rare hereditary disease from the group of lysosomal storage diseases, with progressive course. There is effective enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for this disease, it prevents the development of severe complications and improves patients’ quality of life. Long-term follow-up of health changes in individuals on ERT is required for evaluating the treatment impact on disease progression and eventually on the quality of life of the patient and his family.

Clinical case description. Results of 14-year-long follow-up of the patient with MPS II who was the first patient on ERT with idursulfase in Russia are presented. Improvement of growth, decrease in ENT-organs infections frequency, liver and spleen sizes decrease, general stabilization, no progression in cardiovascular and respiratory events, normal levels of glycosaminoglycans in urine are shown.

Conclusion. Long-term therapy with idursulfase in severe MPS II stabilizes the patient’s somatic condition, prevents the development of severe complications in cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improves the quality of life of the patient and his family. Urinary glycosaminoglycans level decrease is the important indicator of the therapy efficacy along with overall patient's somatic state.
The Khakas-Altaian Mythonym Ker and the Proto-Yenissean Word for ‘Mammoth’. 1
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Napolskikh Vladimir V. ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The image of a mammoth is well known in folklore and mythological traditions of the peoples of Siberia, since people often found tusks and whole skeletons of this animal. The understanding of the mammoth as a giant fish with horns is specific for central-western Siberia. This image is most characteristic of the culture of the Kets, Selkups, Ob-Ugrians and Evenks. In the epic tales of the Altaians and the Khakas, as well as in their shamanic tradition, there is a notable image of a giant fish, ker balyq, often represented as a giant pike living underwater and underground (similarly to the mammoth-fish known among the peoples of the taiga zone). The term ker is applied in the Altai and Khakas traditions to some other mythological creatures, including mammoth bones found in the ground. The word ker is not explained from the Turkic languages and has no etymology. The epic tales of the Altaians and the Khakas featuring ker balyq reveal very good parallels with the mythological texts of the Kets, Selkups, and Khanty in which the mammoth-fish (Ket tel) appears in the place of ker balyq. Based on the Ket 1tēľ ~ Yug 1čel ‘mammoth-fish,’ it is possible to reconstruct Proto-Yeniseian *čer — a form that in the Pumpokol language should have given a regular form *kher which is obviously the source for the Altai and Khakas ker. Thus, the Altaian-Khakas ker should be considered as a borrowing from the Pumpokol *kher, and the reconstruction of Proto-Yeniseian *čer (according to S.A. Starostin) / *ťèkər (according to H. Werner) ‘mammoth-fish’ can be considered quite reliable.
The Slavic Toponymy of Early 20th Century Austria-Hungary in Epistolary Intercourse
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Vashchenko Daria Yu. , Plotnikova Anna A. ,   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS
Published: December 2022

The paper attempts to interpret phonetic, lexical, and graphic features of toponyms mentioned in the letters of the Gradiscan Croats, residents of the Chunovo village (presently, the outskirts of Bratislava in Slovakia on the border with Hungary and Austria). These placenames appear in three languages: German, Croatian, and Hungarian and provide an insight on the whole system of local toponyms (names of villages and towns) in the oral speech of the Chunovo inhabitants of the early the 20th century (1908–1918). About a hundred items are drawn from the correspondence published by local historians in the book of letters from members of the Yandrovich family. The analysis shows that Gradishian-Croatian and German elements predominate over Hungarian ones, even though Chunovo was part of the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, and the locals studied the Hungarian language at school and used it in official communication. Particular attention is paid to the specific use of prepositions with toponyms which is an influence of local foreign speech. A significant number of toponymic forms show the traits of Slavic speech rendered in writing, while in some instances the name of the village appears only in the Croatian version. Examples are noted when the Croatian version co-exists with the German or Hungarian. The toponyms with the formant -hof (from German das Hof ‘yard’), which denote parts of villages that have a different proper name, are considered separately. Sometimes the placenames designations in letters can be classified as microtoponyms known only to the correspondents themselves. It is also typical that the names of wealthy employers become the designation of a particular place. The considered epistolary material showcases the specificity of the rural life of Croats at the beginning of the 20th century.
The Specificity of Formation and Use of Patronyms in the Orthodox Parish of Rajsk in the Podlasie Region in the Late 19th Century
Authors:   University of Białystok, Mordań Michał
Published: December 2022

Widespread use of patronymic names among the Orthodox residents of Podlasie in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is conditioned by its administrative affiliation to the Russian Empire and consequently, the prevalence of the Russian naming formula. This paper discusses patronymics (otchestva) attested in the Rajsk parish registers in the late 19th century. Researching the structure (including word-formation, phonetic, and graphic features) and etymology of these names, the author discovers that most of patronyms were derived from the Orthodox variants of proper names (e.g. Ilіin, Sofronіev, Filimonov; Aleksіeva, Stefanova), yet some refer to the non-canonical variants of baptismal names (e.g. Bonifatov, Tarasov; Demianova, Sebestіanova, Trokhimova), differing from the original variants by phonetic alternations. From derivation perspective, short forms of patronyms (so-called semi-patronymics, poluotchestva) e.g. Ignatіev, Matfeev, Fomov; Kondratova, Stakhіeva prevail over the full forms (Petrovich, Savvich; Epifanіevna, Ippolitovna). The presence of patronyms in the personal data allows to trace family traditions of naming children spanning three generations. Regardless of the fact that all analyzed records were made by one person, the names showcase a noticeable variability in terms of motivation, word-formation, orthography, and phonetics. It was not uncommon for the different patronymics to refer to one and the same bearer, highlighting the phenomenon of several co-existing name variants in the period in question.
The Names of Russia in Pre-modern Romanian: Problems of Translation
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Gînsac Ana-Maria , Moscal Dinu ,   A. Philippide Institute of Romanian Philology of the Romanian Academy, Ungureanu Mădălina ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the names of Russia and their formal variation in texts translated into Romanian during its pre-modern stage (ca. 1780–1830). In this period, the diversity of source languages (French, German, Italian, Serbian, Modern Greek) generated denominative and formal variation of the foreign names in translation. Other causes of this variation are the lack of translation criteria, the different alphabets and phonetic systems (Latin, Greek and Romanian-Cyrillic) that entered in contact, the role of the dominant culture languages (Latin and Greek), the preexisting traditional forms of the names and translation through intermediate sources. These factors explain the circulation of several choronyms for Russia and their lack of formal consistency in this period. The formal variation in the sources often implies a variation in Romanian from one text to another or within the same text. Although the source language usually influences the Romanian forms of the names, the Greek traits frequently appear in the texts translated from Latin-scripted sources due to the long-time and higher cultural prestige of this language. Accordingly, in the case of the name Russia, this influence is felt at the phonetic level (Rosia) and at the suprasegmental level (the paroxytone instead of the proparoxytone accentuation). Similarly, the variants Moscva and Moscfa are adaptations of the Russian Moskva. On the other hand, the translators could not ignore the reader and sometimes substituted the names from the source with a Romanian denominative expression (e.g. Împărăţiia Moscului and Ţara Moschicească for Moscovia). The names of Russia and their variants in the pre-modern Romanian provide an example of the possibilities of transposing a foreign proper name into Romanian and, at the same time, reflect the essential linguistic characteristic of the proper name, that is the very close association between the signifier and the named individuality.
Karelian Toponymy in the State Index of Place Names: Mistakes Correction
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Zakharova Ekaterina V. , Kuzmin Denis V. ,   Institute of Language, Literature and History Karelian Research Centre of the RAS, Mullonen Irma I. ,   Institute of Language, Literature and History Karelian Research Centre of the RAS
Published: December 2022

The article tackles the problem that is topical for all areas of Russia with ethnic minority populations: how local toponyms are presented in the State Index of Place Names. SIPN was initiated by the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadaster, and Cartography (Rosreestr) to become a comprehensive registry of designations for topographic objects that must be used in all formal situations. For the territory of Karelia, SIPN includes over 16,000 placenames, nearly a half of which are ethnic Karelian names, the ones in use in the Karelian language milieu, in Karelian-speaking territories of the Republic. The paper gives an overview of the strategies used in the Index to adapt Karelian place names, the dominant being phonetic transcription. Analysis proves it to be highly inconsistent and contradictory due to the lack of an ad hoc manual on representation of Balto-Finnic place names of Karelia in Russian as well as their linguistically incorrect recording by cartographers and post-processing. The authors provide a classification of the main types of phonetic mistakes made in SIPN (inconsistent rendering of the sounds lacking direct equivalents in Russian — long vowels, diphthongs, umlauts, geminates), and highlight problems such as disregard of the complex structure characteristic of Balto-Finnic toponymy, linguistically arbitrary processing of names by collectors, trying to link the Karelian toponymic base to Russian word, as well as liberal treatment of the dialect map and unfortunate slips and typos. Almost a third (for some areas even a half) of Karelian placenames in SIPN are misspelled. The issue becomes more relevant in view of the recent renovation and ramification of the road network and advancement of tourism and other activities, which make the formalized toponymy ‘visible’. The authors provide recommendations for eliminating the inconsistencies and flaws in visual representation of place names and argue that Rosreestr must collaborate with researchers who have access to the fieldwork files of the Scientific Card Index of Place Names of Karelia and Adjacent Regions, which can bring the data in order.
Family and Clan Genealogy of the Khori-Buryats: Current State and Development (Based on Field Research Data)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Zhamsaranova Raisa G.
Published: December 2022

The paper is devoted to the state of family and tribal genealogy among the Khori-Buryats. In 2020, the author took field trips to collect genealogical legends of the Buryats who identify themselves with 11 clans: Barun- and Zun-Khuatsai, Galzuud, Saganuud, Batanai, Harganaad, Khalbin, Gushaad, Bodonguud, Sharaid, Khubduud, Khudai. The collected materials served to study to which degree the ancestral (genealogical), family and patronymic traditions are preserved in folklore narratives. The survey was carried out by interviewing the local population (mainly the elderly). An analysis of the results proves that at least for the late 2020, the eastern regions of the Republic of Buryatia and the territory of the Aginsky Buryat District of the Trans-Baikal Territory showcase strong preservation of family and clan genealogy among the Khori-Buryats.
Historical Onomasticon: On the Problem of Lexicographic Description of Anthroponyms. Review of the book: Kuznetsov, A. V. (2020). Narodnyi imenoslov Russkogo Severa XV–XVII vekov: proiskhozhdenie imen (prozvishch), otchestv, nazvanii dereven’ [Folk Name Book of the Russian North of the 15th–17th Centuries: The Origin of Names (Nicknames), Patronymics, Village Names] (2 vols.). Vologda: VOUNB. 185 + 184 pp.
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Kyurshunova Irina A. ,   Institute of Language, Literature and History Karelian Scientific Centre of the RAS
Published: December 2022

The reviewed two-volume dictionary by Alexander V. Kuznetsov refers to historical onomasticon featuring names (nicknames), patronymics, names of villages attested, in handwritten and published business monuments of the pre-national period and related to the territory of the Russian North. To date, the “Folk Name Book of the Russian North” is the most comprehensive lexicographic volume in terms of the data span, composition, and the source base, which is its main advantage and testifies to the author’s meticulous approach to material collection. The onomastic data introduced by the author have a high value for specialists in onomastics, dialectology, language history, ethnolinguistics, culture and society of late medieval Russia. The dictionary follows a traditional structure: it opens with an introduction that highlights certain issues of historical anthroponymy, provides a brief analysis of lexicographic publications that record names, defines the terminology used in the dictionary, describes the structure of the dictionary entry; then follows the dictionary itself, complete with the lists of sources and annexes. However, similarly to other lexicographic publications, the dictionary is fraught with some errors, inaccuracies in the presentation of onomastic materials, the structure of the dictionary entry, interpretation of the internal form and controversial theoretical statements, all of which are noted in the review.
Application of sociological methods in a comprehensive research of the socio-environmental problems of tourist territories
Authors: Evstropyeva Oksana , Zabortceva Tatyana , Popov Peter , Tcherenev Alexey , Bibaeva Anna , Shekhovtsova Tatyana , Ignatova Olga , Dulya Kseniya
Published: December 2022

Tourism is one of economic activity that has been most affected by restrictions, connected with the COVID-19 pandemic, which in 2020–2021 has become the main factor in shaping the demand for the tourist product. As a result of quarantine restrictions, the number of tourists and the structure of the tourist flow have changed. The pandemic has impact on recreational activities in the Southern Baikal region (Slyudyansky district of the Irkutsk region) which is the study area. During the field research in the summer (beach and hiking) and winter (mountain skiing) tourist seasons sociological studies (questionnaires and interviews) of recreants were carried out. The tourist geographical spread was defined, as well as the attitude to the social and natural conditions of the territory was found such as safety, tourist infrastructure development, availability of recreational services and products, climate, landscapes beauty, etc.
During the pandemic, the geographical spread of tourists narrowed mainly to the
Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo agglomeration, foreign tourists practically didn’t come. However, closed borders and domestic tourism subsidization drawn attention to holidays on Baikal for tourists from the western part of Russia, who had before chosen recreation abroad and during the pandemic didn’t cancel trips, but to change the geography of their holidays. Besides air travel, a significant proportion of tourists used personal cars to arrive at their holiday destination. It was established that the pandemic the tourist age ratios has changed in the rejuvenation direction. In the course of the opinion poll, tourists noted the high landscape aesthetic appeal of recreation areas, but the recreational infrastructure, in their opinion, isn’t sufficiently prepared for quality recreation.
The results will be forwarded to the Slyudyansky district administration for adjusting measures related to the development of recreational infrastructure.
Copolysulfones with increased heat resistance
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Simachev Aleksandr , Storozhuk Ivan ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Pavlukovich Nadezhda ,   A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Platonova Elena ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Platonova Ekaterina ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Shevtsov Vladislav ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Tereshkov Aleksandr ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2022

In order to obtain polyethersulfones with an increased glass transition temperature, copolyethersulfones were synthesized based on 4,4'-dioxydiphenylsulfone, phenolphthalein, and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone. It is shown that with an increase in the content of elementary units based on phenolphthalein, the glass transition temperature of the copolymers smoothly increases by 25oC. The resulting copolymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Polysulfones and fabric composite materials based on them
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Tereshkov Aleksandr
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the current state of the issue in the field of fabric polymer composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, in particular, based on industrial aromatic polysulfones. The greatest attention is paid to the development of technology for the production and study of the properties of fabric carbon composites. The main characteristics and features of various types of polysulfones and composites based on them are considered.
Digital system for designing matrixes of self-regulating heating cables
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Seleznev Vyacheslav , Chukov Nikolay ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Dorofeev Konstantin ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2022

The paper describes a digital system for designing matrixes of self-regulating heating cables, consisting of the following subsystems: prediction of the electrically conductive properties of the matrix, prediction of the deformation-strength properties of the matrix, mathematical modeling of the relationship "composition-technology-properties", multifactorial modeling of the structure, 3D modeling of the composite semiconductor matrix, formation Database. The functionality of each subsystem is considered and their necessity is substantiated in the design of polymer composite materials with a positive thermal coefficient of electrical resistance. The possibility of both creating new semiconductor composite materials and selecting known compositions to meet specified technical requirements is substantiated.
Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Hornodermoporus martius (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay
Authors: Campi Michelle , Mancuello Claudia , Ferreira Francisco , Ferreira Williams , Maubet Yanine , Cristaldo Enzo , Vantrate Braulio , Benítez Darío , Granados Alejandro , Robledo Gerardo
Published: December 2022

To further knowledge of the biological activity of native neotropical fungal species, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and microbiological activity of Hornodermoporus martius. Ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate fractions and the water residue were analyzed and resulted in a total phenolic compound content between 13 and 63 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract. The total antioxidants ranged between 3 and 19 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract, and the percentage of antioxidant activity was determined to be between 6 and 25%. A preliminary profile of compounds is provided for the first time for the species; the results from the nonpolar fraction showcased the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids, fatty alcohol, sterols, and cis-vaccenic acid. Our findings also revealed antimicrobial properties from compounds within the hexane and diethyl ether fractions at concentrations of 1 mg mL-1, which inhibited the growth of certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For the first time in academic literature, our work analyzed and documented the chemical characteristics and microbial properties of H. martius, suggesting potential for medicinal applications.
The Role of Human Capital in the Digital Economy at the Institutional and Regional Levels
Authors:   Russian Authors’ Society, Eskindarov M. A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Gruzina Yu. M. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kharchilava Kh. P. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Melnichuk M. V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The present article examines the role of human capital in Russia’s transition to a digital economy. In this context, it is necessary to establish new models of the functioning and development of the Russian national economy and increase digital literacy among the general population. We hypothesise that human capital plays an important role in the process of digitalisation of state institutions and commercial companies. Particular attention is paid to the effect of introducing mechanisms to support and promote private capital to advance regional development. The research aims to highlight the role of human capital as a driver of the national and regional economy in the transition to the post-industrial state. To this end, the following objectives were achieved: parameters of the sapio-economic system were identified, the obtained results were interpreted; the experience of public and private institutions in creating conditions for innovative development of human capital was analysed (both in private sectors and in social institutions). The research methodology includes various scientific methods – induction, deduction, abstraction – as well as econometric analysis techniques. The study reveals indicators of interdependence between human capital development and regional socio-economic growth. As a result, the paper described the tasks of educational institutions focused on developing necessary skills to ensure the operation of digital systems. Additionally, the research identified ways to advance the development of the domestic digital environment, including through the creation of personnel forecasting practices for high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries. Recommendations for the successful implementation of long-term programmes for innovative development of the digital environment were given. Thus, the conducted analysis confirmed the hypothesis that human capital is a necessary condition for the development of knowledge-intensive industries and an important factor in the creation of regional value added and formation of the gross regional product.
Coal Projects as a Possible Driver of Infrastructure Development in Asian Russia
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Suslov N. I. , Churashev V. N. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Markova V. M. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Fridman Yu. A. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS
Published: December 2022

The global decarbonisation policy, growing availability of alternative energy sources and, subsequently, intensified competition in the global energy market increase the risks for coal suppliers, including Russia, the world’s third largest exporter of this fuel. Based on the author’s database on coal projects in Asian Russia, policy documents for the fuel and energy sector development and forecasts of global fuel consumption, the study presents the development outlook of the Russian coal industry up to 2040. The scenarios took into consideration the decarbonisation rate, features of the energy transition and implementation costs. As a result, optimistic, baseline and pessimistic scenarios were created. The baseline scenario assumes that the global decarbonisation rate will be reduced and coal energy will be present in the energy balance for at least twenty years. The implementation of this scenario should be accompanied by a radical increase in labour productivity, technological modernisation of the main production processes, the launch of advanced coal processing enterprises, and achieved compliance with international environmental standards. At the same time, the export orientation of Russian coal projects, primarily to the Asia-Pacific market, will remain. This situation will stimulate transport infrastructure development in Siberia and the Russian Far East, positively affect the integrated socio-economic development of Asian territories and improve the quality of life of the population, contributing to the stability of the political and economic system. The findings can be used to assess the investment impulse of large development projects in Asian Russia.
Formation of a Regional Strategy for Municipal Solid Waste Management Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Starodubets N. V. , Derbeneva V. V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2022

Currently, Russia is going through a global transformation in the field of waste management, which is mainly caused by the exhaustion of the capacities of existing landfills. The country’s goal is to reduce landfill and ensure 36 % recycling of all municipal solid waste (MSW) by 2024. Meanwhile, the discussion about the choice of disposal methods continues. We propose to look at the choice of the optimal MSW management strategy at the regional level through the prism of its total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to determine the total carbon footprint of the regional MSW management system in order to consider the “contribution” of each of the methods of waste management and make the considered criterion suitable for assessing the sustainability of the whole regional waste management system under various scenarios of its development. To achieve this goal, the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was used to assess the current situation in the field of MSW management in the Sverdlovsk region. Further, the study developed the conditions for three industry development scenarios (basic, inertial, innovative); substantiated the factors of direct and prevented GHG emissions; calculated GHG emissions from the MSW management sector in the Sverdlovsk region for 2023-2030 for each of the three scenarios. The calculations showed that, by 2030, the basic scenario (“as is”, business-as-usual) has the maximum carbon footprint of 1558.5 thousand tonnes of CO2-eq. The innovative scenario has minimum net emissions of 82.6 thousand tonnes of CO2-eq. by creating a full-fledged separate waste collection and recycling more waste. The findings can be useful in the formation of regional strategies for waste management, considering GHG emissions.
Enhancing State Support of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Polbitsyn S. N. , Earl A. ,   University of Canterbury
Published: December 2022

While national and regional governments develop and implement various programmes to support rural entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs themselves consider these programmes insufficient. Ultimately, this situation negatively affects the socio-economic development of rural areas. The study aims to develop and test tools for examining the impact of entrepreneurship support programmes on rural socio-economic development. In order to investigate the motivation of actors in the economic system based on their motivating experience, hermeneutic phenomenological research methods in the field of economics were applied. The comparative analysis of entrepreneurship support programmes in Russia and New Zealand was supplemented by semi-structured interviews of entrepreneurs, which demonstrate that the implementation of unrelated projects reduces their efficiency and reinforces the negative perception. According to assessments of Russian entrepreneurs, infrastructure does not play an important role in the success of projects. In addition, the analysed government programmes rarely take into account social responsibility of business in rural areas, even though most of organisations there are family-owned. Recognising the lack of market experience of potential entrepreneurs, the government should primarily provide them with information on how to organise a sustainable business rather than with financial resources. The obtained results prove that the development and implementation of entrepreneurship support programmes in rural areas requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders: public authorities, local governments, rural entrepreneurs, as well as professional self-regulatory organisations and the rural population. To ensure efficient management of joint activities of all participants, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive system in the form of a rural entrepreneurial ecosystem, where the set targets for the development of rural entrepreneurship can be achieved.
The Effect of Oil Prices on Azerbaijan’s Economy (2009–2018)
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Sarkhanov T.
Published: December 2022

Since oil plays an important role in the economy of Azerbaijan, the events in the global oil market deeply affect the national economy. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the economy of Azerbaijan, in which oil and gas have a significant place. In April 2020, the price of one barrel of oil on the world market fell to $1. One reason for this was the decrease in oil demand due to the lockdown re-gime implemented by many countries due to the rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and another reason was that the OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) countries could not agree on reducing oil production. The aim of this research is to show the impacts of oil prices on gross domestic product (GDP) of Azerbaijan, the growth rate of GDP, and the amount of oil production in Azerbaijan in 2009-2018. The hypothesis of the research is that oil prices seriously influence the economy of Azerbaijan and there is a correlation between the growth rate of Azerbaijan’s gross domestic product and the oil prices. The study starts with a brief description of the history of Azerbaijan’s oil industry, followed by oil industry’s importance in the economy of Azerbaijan, the role in foreign economic relations, and the effects on the economy of country. The quantitative method was used as a key research method. The data used in the analysis of this study were collected according to the literature scanning method, which is one of the data collection techniques. Further, descriptive statistics technique, which is a quantitative data analysis technique, was used to analyse the data. The findings show that the changes in oil prices in 2009-2018 directly affect the Azerbaijan’s gross domestic product, the growth rate of GDP, and the amount of oil production in Azerbaijan. Thus, as oil prices increase, the growth rate of the country’s gross domestic product and GDP increase and decrease as oil prices decrease.
Long-Term General Index Prediction Based on Feature Selection and Search Methods: Amman Stock Exchange Market
Authors:   Applied Science Private University, Al-Najjar D. , Al-Najjar H. ,   Istanbul Gelisim University, Al-Rousan N. ,   Sohar University
Published: December 2022

Stock markets are an essential backbone for the economy worldwide; their indices provide all interested parties with indicators regarding the performance of firms listed in the financial market due to tracking the daily transactions. This study aims to investigate factors that affect the stock exchange directly so that it simplifies building a prediction model for the exchange index in Jordan’s financial market. The study hypothesis assumes that some sub-sectors are most influential in creating the stock market prediction model. Therefore, this study applies four feature selection methods on 23 sub-sectors and Amman Stock Exchange Index (ASEI100) for the period 2008–2018. The top 10 attributes from each selection method are combined, and the frequency table is used to find the highly trusted attributes. Moreover, linear regression with ordinary least square regression is used to test the validity of the top factors that frequently occurred in the four methods and their effect on ASEI. The results found that there are six main sub-sectors directly affecting the general index in Jordan: Health Care Services, Mining and Extraction Industries, Textiles, Leather and Clothing, Real Estate, Financial Services and Transportation. These sectors can be utilised to predict the movements of the Amman Stock Exchange Index in Jordan. Also, the linear regression model output showed a statistically significant relationship between the six sub-sectors (independent variables) and ASEI (dependent variable). Investors can use this paper’s findings to signal the most important sectors in Jordan. Thus, it helps in taking investment decisions.
Dynamics of Competitiveness of the Northern Regions in 2008–2020: Development of an Assessment Methodology
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Gadzhiev Yu. A. , Timushev E.N. ,   Institute of Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Styrov M. M. ,   Institute of Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS
Published: December 2022

The conceptual ambiguity of the definition of regional competitiveness hinders the development of socio-economic policy measures to increase a region’s attractiveness to people and capital. The methodology for assessing competitiveness presented in this study evaluates the attractiveness of a region for business, considering the well-being of the population, environmental conditions, economic efficiency and development of innovation and information systems. Technically, the proposed methodology relies on the linear scaling method and various approaches to accounting for interregional price discrimination. Analysis of data obtained from the northern regions of Russia confirmed the conceptual link between competitiveness and productivity and production factors. The key regional competitiveness indicators are personal income and efficiency of production factors — capital intensity and wage intensity. The study revealed low competitiveness of the majority of the northern regions due to the insufficient development of the information system, low attractiveness for business and population, poor economic efficiency and little innovation. In order to maintain high competitiveness of the most successful regions — Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sakhalin Oblast — authorities should pay more attention to environment and innovation. The lagging regions need to implement measures to attract investment, increase spending on transport infrastructure, and reduce poverty and unemployment. Additionally, the least competitive regions — Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Krai, Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — are recommended to focus on improving the regions’ information infrastructure and attractiveness for business. The article demonstrated that more reliable results can be obtained by using the index of budget expenditures instead of the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services adjusted for a specific region, since it better reflects the high cost of life in the northern regions. The findings can be used to develop socio-economic policy of the northern regions of Russia.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Service Sector in the Conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0: Evidence from the South-West Region of the Czech Republic
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Vacek J. , Dvořáková L. ,   University of West Bohemia, Skřivan L. ,   University of West Bohemia
Published: December 2022

The contribution presents results of the research focused on the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector to technological, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry and Society 4.0. The main goals of the research were the analysis and evaluation of the current state, preparedness, motivation and needs of SMEs in the sector of knowledge-intensive services for the timely, purposeful and effective implementation of Industry 4.0 methods and tools in the South-West region of the Czech Republic. The methodological approach is based on a mixed research strategy. Qualitative and quantitative methods such as desk research, explanatory and interpretation methods, questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview and evaluation of data and information were used to achieve the research goals. The results document the high current and future need to increase the knowledge and innovation potential of SMEs, the need for changes in the organisation and content of work, the need for changes in the competencies of employees in the context of robotisation, automation and digitisation of business processes. The results demonstrate barriers to access to sufficient internal and external financial resources, as well as a strong interest of SMEs in cooperation with the academic sector and regional authorities in the development of methodological tools for adaptation to new societal conditions and in the interest of the sustainable existence of these enterprises. The direction of future research is oriented towards the creation of a methodology for the adaptation of SMEs to the conditions of Industry and Society 4.0.
Scientific and Technical Capacity of Regions as the Foundation for Technological Independence of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Golova I. M.
Published: December 2022

Ensuring technological independence is one of the key challenges for modern Russia. Solution of this problem requires the consideration of the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions. The study aims to establish theoretical and methodological bases of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions as the foundation for technological independence. To this end, the following tasks were set: to present the definition of the scientific and technical capacity of regions; to create a methodology for managing capacity building; to develop methodological approaches to increase the ability of the scientific and technical capacity of regions to solve the problems of technological independence. The research used statistical data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Federal Customs Service of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), and other sources. Analysis of the import dependence of the Russian Federation shows that the rate of coverage of imports by exports for the majority of high-tech goods does not exceed 5–10 %. The genesis of the concept of the scientific and technical capacity of regions was examined taking into account the innovation theory and changes in knowledge flows in the context of the digital society. The study identified barriers to the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions: technological backwardness and financial instability of the high-tech sector, low willingness to update, imbalance in the structure of the scientific and technical capacity, etc. A methodology for overcoming these barriers based on an integrated approach to regional innovation processes was presented. Additionally, a methodological approach to enhancing the interaction between science and business relying on the open innovation model was proposed. Calculations performed using the hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a group of the most promising regions for the establishment of innovative development centres. Three clusters were identified (in descending order of priority): leading (4 constituent entities), advanced (6 constituent entities) and developed (3 constituent entities) regions. The obtained results can be used to manage regional scientific and technological development and create the methodology for innovative transformation of the Russian economy.
University and Regional Landscape of Doctoral Studies in Russia: Financial Trajectories of Graduate Students
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Koksharov V. A. , Agarkov G. A. ,   Ural Federal University, Melnik A. D. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2022

Training of a new generation of graduate students plays a key role in ensuring a country’s sustainable socio-economic development and active enhancement of human capital by continuous reproduction of cutting-edge knowledge in the form of research and development (R&D) for industry. In this context, it becomes important to examine the development dynamics of doctoral studies in Russian regions, as well as the graduate students’ financial well-being affecting their educational mobility and general opportunities to receive education (in particular, necessity of employment). The development of doctoral studies is analysed taking into account the distribution of resources (financial, intellectual) by regions and universities. The study also considers the concentration of resources in Russian universities capable of generating breakthrough ideas and technologies, which can be seen as centres of attraction for proactive youth. The methods of secondary data analysis, comparison, classification, and infographics were applied to process information. Such data as the monitoring of the effectiveness of Russian universities in 2014-2020 and sociological surveys of graduate students of a leading Russian university for 2017-2020 were analysed. As a result, the study presents a map showing the concentration of graduate students in certain regions, which takes into consideration their number, inflow and outflow. In addition to the capital regions (their share is 47.9%), the Republic of Tatarstan (3.2%), Tomsk oblast (2.4%) and Sverdlovsk oblast (2.1%),where leading Russian universities are located, were revealed to be the centres for attraction of graduate students. The top 7 regions also include Belgorod (the share of graduate students is 2.7%) and Rostov oblasts (2.4%) characterised by the presence of strong research and federal universities. However, due to the lack of funding (85% of graduate students have to combine work and studies), the outflow to foreign universities is increasing even in the regions that attract a large number of scholars. The obtained findings can be used to improve the mechanisms for supporting graduate students in order to contribute to sustainable development of regions.
Motion Equations of Rigid Bodies Systems with Closed Kinematic Chains in Hamiltonian Variables
Authors:   Perm State University, Ivanov Vladimir N.
Published: December 2022

Constructing methods of mathematical models for mechanical systems with closed kinematic loops are considered. All connections are holonomic. At the first stage, the mechanical system is reduced to a system with a tree structure by certain vertices (bodies) splitting in the original graph. The motion equations are constructed in matrix form with respect to Hamiltonian variables: generalized coordinates and impulses. At the second stage, additional constraints are taken into account in the motion equations using Lagrange multipliers at the level of kinematic relations. These connections lead to closure of kinematic chains. The motion equations are formed according to recurrent formulas using a minimum set of primary information about the structure, geometric, kinematic, mass-inertial and power characteristics of a mechanical system. Iterative and finite algorithmsfor solving the obtained equations with respect to the integration variables are constructed. The wholeprocess of primary information preparation is demonstrated in the formation of a mathematical model in the proposed form on the example of one mechanical system with two closed cycles. The simulation results show that the algorithms described in the article provide a numerical solution that is more resistant to computational errors than methods based on the classical approach, in which the motions equation are closed by doubly differentiated equations of additional constraints.
Building a Model of Electronic Voting Protocol With the Possibility of Verification of the Result by Voters
Authors:   Perm State Univesity, Nekhorosheva Emma A. , Shkaraputa Alexander P. ,   Perm State Univesity
Published: December 2022

This article proposes a model of electronic voting protocol, with the possibility of monitoring the result by the voters. The central idea of such a model is the emergence of a mechanism for linking electronic ballots with the results of voting in a single chain, with the help of cryptographic transformations, based on cryptographic systems with a public key. Such a mechanism prevents "superfluous" ballots from appearing, makes it possible to track the result of one's vote by a particular voter in this chain, and makes it impossible to make an incorrect vote count, without violating the integrity of the chain. Three electronic voting protocols were examined: the Fujioka–Okamoto–Ohta protocol, the protocol with one central commission based on the ANDOS protocol, and the protocol with one central commission based on the blind signature. The protocols were investigated for merits and demerits, as well as for the possibility of modification to add new features. The optimal protocol was selected to include a mechanism for linking votes into a single chain. As a result, a new electronic voting system based on a protocol with the Central Election Commission based on a blind signature was developed. A scheme explaining the operation of this system is given.