bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal communities of Vanilla planifolia in an introduction area (La Réunion) under varying cultivation practices
Authors: Petrolli Rémi , Selosse Marc‐André , Bonillo Céline , Griveau Chantal , Lalanne‐Tisné Guillaume , Comes Bertrand , Kodja Hippolyte , Martos Florent
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Vanilla is one of the most valuable spices in the world. In Madagascar and La Réunion, the world's leading producers, vanilla is of great economic and cultural importance. Like all orchids, vanilla plants associate with mycorrhizal fungi in their roots forming mutualistic associations that allow them to grow and thrive. Understanding the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi adapted to vanilla cultivation, particularly in the Indian Ocean islands where they have never previously been studied, is becoming a necessity for maintaining vanilla crops in these regions in the face of climate change and the emergence of new pathogens.

The vanilla orchid (Vanilla spp.) is one of the most valuable cultivated plants worldwide. As with all orchids, vanillas form mycorrhizal associations with fungi in their roots, but their fungal partners have not been investigated outside their native geographic range in Central America.

We investigated the whole fungal and mycorrhizal associations in cultivated vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) by sequencing the fungal ITS‐2 marker in the terrestrial and aerial roots using a metabarcoding approach. We selected plants cultivated in three conditions (i.e., cultivation under shade house, in openfield, or in the understory) in one locality of La Réunion island (Indian Ocean) and tested for a possible effect of cultivation practices on fungal communities.

Cultivated vanillas in La Réunion mainly associate with Tulasnellaceae (75 OTUs) and Ceratobasidiaceae (8 OTUs). Among the seven most abundant Tulasnellaceae, six are similar to fungi detected in the roots of cultivated vanillas in Central America or in the roots of native orchids in La Réunion. Cultivation practices impacted both total fungal and mycorrhizal community compositions with no clear effect on fungal richness. Notably, Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae were scarce in aerial roots, except in the traditional cultivation in the forest understory.

These results shed light on the geographical origins of mycorrhizal fungi of cultivated vanillas in La Réunion and show that they form a pool of both locally and globally distributed fungal partners. These mycorrhizal communities vary according to cultivation practices, and their potential roles in plant nutrition and resistance against pathogens await further attention.
Conservation agrivoltaics for sustainable food‐energy production
Authors: Time Alson , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Mwebaze Paul , Apollon Wilgince , Khanna Madhu , DeLucia Evan H. , Bernacchi Carl J.
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Transformative agricultural strategies like agrivoltaics (AV) are essential for addressing the pressing global issues of sustainable energy and food production in a changing climate. Conservation‐agrivoltaics (Conservation‐AV) provides the potential to meet these needs while reinforcing natural resources and protecting the environment. It could enhance the ecological benefits of AV by improving soil health and biodiversity. It could create economic opportunities for farmers and increase the resilience and diversity of food crops under changing climate conditions. Furthermore, it could inform stakeholders about the benefits and challenges of implementing conservation agriculture management practices (CAMP) in AV and encourage further exploration and adoption of this innovative approach.

Transformative strategies in agriculture are needed to address urgent global challenges related to energy and food production while reinforcing natural resources and the environment. Agrivoltaics (AV) has emerged in the past decade as one solution to this fundamental challenge of improving energy and food security. AV is defined as the co‐location of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and crops on the same land to optimize food and energy production simultaneously and sustainably. Here, we propose that AV, together with conservation agriculture management practices (CAMP) strategies can help to intensify food security and energy production while reinforcing natural resources and the environment. Our main assertions in this opinion article are that: (1) AV systems need to overcome several agronomical, environmental, and ecological challenges to intensify food and energy production sustainably; (2) CAMP applied to AV systems can preserve the environment and ensure climate‐resilient food production; (3) implementation of CAMP in AV can lead to long‐term carbon sequestration, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain or increase crop yields while preserving soil health and biodiversity; and (4) adoption of CAMP in AV can bring economic benefits, although challenges need to be overcome. This opinion article proposes a new ecosystem approach to integrate renewable energy and sustainable food production and encourages research on the effects of CAMP on AV systems.
Imaging of pulmonary fibrosis in children: A review, with proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: DeBoer Emily M. , Weinman Jason P. , Ley‐Zaporozhan Julia , Griese Matthias , Deterding Robin , Lynch David A. , Humphries Stephen M. , Jacob Joseph
Published: January 2024

Computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of pulmonary fibrosis are well established for adults and have been shown to correlate with prognosis and outcome. Recognition of fibrotic CT findings in children is more limited. With approved treatments for adult pulmonary fibrosis, it has become critical to define CT criteria for fibrosis in children, to identify patients in need of treatment and those eligible for clinical trials. Understanding how pediatric fibrosis compares with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other causes of fibrosis in adults is increasingly important as these patients transition to adult care teams. Here, we review what is known regarding the features of pulmonary fibrosis in children compared with adults. Pulmonary fibrosis in children may be associated with genetic surfactant dysfunction disorders, autoimmune systemic disorders, and complications after radiation, chemotherapy, transplantation, and other exposures. Rather than a basal‐predominant usual interstitial pneumonia pattern with honeycombing, pediatric fibrosis is primarily characterized by reticulation, traction bronchiectasis, architectural distortion, or cystic lucencies/abnormalities. Ground‐glass opacities are more frequent in children with fibrotic interstitial lung disease than adults, and disease distribution appears more diffuse, without clearly defined axial or craniocaudal predominance. Following discussion and consensus amongst a panel of expert radiologists, pathologists and physicians, distinctive disease features were integrated to develop criteria for the first global Phase III trial in children with pulmonary fibrosis.
Screening of novel biomarkers for acute kidney transplant rejection using DIA‐MS based proteomics
Authors: Wang Ce , Feng Gang , Zhao Jie , Xu Yang , Li Yang , Wang Lin , Wang Meng , Liu Miao , Wang Yilin , Mu Hong , Zhou Chunlei
Published: January 2024

Background

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease. However, acute rejection poses a threat to the graft long‐term survival. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers to detect acute kidney transplant rejection.

Methods

The serum proteomic profiling of kidney transplant patients with T cell‐mediated acute rejection (TCMR) and stable allograft function (STA) was analyzed using data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS). The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of interest were further verified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

A total of 131 DEPs were identified between STA and TCMR patients, 114 DEPs were identified between mild and severe TCMR patients. The verification results showed that remarkable higher concentrations of serum amyloid A protein 1 (SAA1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and lower fetuin‐A (AHSG) concentration were found in TCMR patients when compared with STA patients. We also found higher SAA1 concentration in severe TCMR group when compared with mild TCMR group. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis further confirmed that combination of SAA1, AHSG, and IGFBP2 had excellent performance in the acute rejection diagnosis.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that serum SAA1, AHSG, and IGFBP2 could be effective biomarkers for diagnosing acute rejection after kidney transplantation. DIA‐MS has great potential in biomarker screening of kidney transplantation.
A novel indicator for temperature control in heat stroke treatment
Authors: Feng Jian , Tang Mingyang , Gong Meiting , Li Fuxiang , Li Yunming , Huang Bo , Feng Fan , Wang Xiong , Pei Haifeng
Published: January 2024

Background

Temperature control plays a pivotal role in patients with heat stroke (HS), but little work has been done sufficiently on the use of temperature control to reflect disease progression. Here, we defined and analyzed the concrete role of controlling time for core temperature to physiological level (CTTP), in order to explore a potential index to guide the treatment of HS.

Method

This is a retrospective cohort study. From three hospitals located in Sichuan province, China, we collected a total of 179 HS cases with clinical diagnosis and treatment records. We defined CTTP as the time interval of HS onset to stabilization of core temperature (rectal temperature) below 37.7°C and analyzed the correlation between CTTP and inpatient death of HS patients.

Results

Of all the cases, 64.80% were male and 53.07% were exertional heat stroke (EHS). The median (IQR) age was 59 (23.5–73) years old, and the median (IQR) onset temperature was 42 (40.4–42)°C. Multivariable analysis demonstrated significantly high inpatient death in the highest CTTP tertile (>18 h) (hazard ratio: 18.75; 99% confidence interval: 4.06–86.59; p = .0002). In addition, compared with patients in lowest CTTP tertile, patients in highest CTTP tertile were at significantly higher risk of organ damage: 3.48‐fold for respiratory failure (95% CI: 1.41–8.59, p = .0069); 3.18‐fold for shock (95% CI: 1.37–7.39, p = .0071); 4.09‐fold for rhabdomyolysis (95% CI: 1.73–9.64, p = .0013); 4.64‐fold for renal damage (95% CI: 2.12–10.14, p = .0001).

Conclusion

Long of CTTP predicts inpatient death of HS patients with a CTTP tertile >18 h associated with the highest rate of inpatient death.
A study on the efficacy and safety of aprepitant injection in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting induced by platinum‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer
Authors: Fei Yan , siwen Liu , xiaoyou Li , Xiaoyue Xu , Yuan Wu , Bo Shen
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of aprepitant injection in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting induced by platinum‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Forty‐eight patients with advanced first‐line lung cancer undergoing cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group, with 24 patients in each group. The control group received dexamethasone and palonosetron for vomiting prevention, whereas the experimental group received dexamethasone, palonosetron, and aprepitant injection. The study compared the incidence of acute and delayed vomiting, functional life index (FLIE) scores for nausea and vomiting at 24 and 120 h postchemotherapy and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups. The effective control rate of acute‐phase vomiting in the treatment group was 83.33%, significantly higher than 45.83% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The treatment group also demonstrated a higher effective control rate of delayed vomiting, with 75% compared with 41.67% in the control group, which was statistically significant (p < .05). Furthermore, FLIE scores in the treatment group at 24 and 120 h after chemotherapy were higher compared with the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The incidence of complications such as fatigue, headache, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccup, and constipation showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). Aprepitant injection effectively prevents platinum‐based chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting, enhances patients' quality of life, and demonstrates good safety, justifying its clinical adoption.
Metabolic analysis using HR‐MAS in prostate tissue for prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Panach‐Navarrete Jorge , González‐Marrachelli Vannina , Morales‐Tatay José Manuel , García‐Morata Francisco , Sales‐Maicas María Ángeles , Monleón‐Salvado Daniel , Martínez‐Jabaloyas José María
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In this study we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in prostate tissue to provide new data on potential biomarkers of prostate cancer in patients eligible for prostate biopsy.

Material and Methods

Core needle prostate tissue samples were obtained. After acquiring all the spectra using a Bruker Avance III DRX 600 spectrometer, tissue samples were subjected to routine histology to confirm presence or absence of prostate cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses with metabolic and clinical variables were performed to predict the occurrence of prostate cancer.

Results

A total of 201 patients, were included in the study. Of all cores subjected to high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) followed by standard histological study, 56 (27.8%) tested positive for carcinoma. According to HR‐MAS probe analysis, metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the metabolism of different amino acids were associated with presence of prostate cancer. Metabolites detected in tissue such as citrate or glycerol‐3‐phosphocholine, together with prostate volume and suspicious rectal examination, formed a predictive model for prostate cancer in tissue with an area under the curve of 0.87, a specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 84%.

Conclusions

Metabolomics using HR‐MAS analysis can uncover a specific metabolic fingerprint of prostate cancer in prostate tissue, using a tissue core obtained by transrectal biopsy. This specific fingerprint is based on levels of citrate, glycerol‐3‐phosphocholine, glycine, carnitine, and 0‐phosphocholine. Several clinical variables, such as suspicious digital rectal examination and prostate volume, combined with these metabolites, form a predictive model to diagnose prostate cancer that has shown encouraging results.
Structural and thermodynamic properties of conserved water molecules in Mpro native: A combined approach by MD simulation and Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory
Authors: Bairagya Hridoy R. , Tasneem Alvea , Sarmadhikari Debapriyo
Published: January 2024

The new viral strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are continuously rising, becoming more virulent, and transmissible. Therefore, the development of new antiviral drugs is essential. Due to its significant role in the viral life cycle of SARS‐CoV‐2, the main protease (Mpro) enzyme is a leading target for antiviral drug design. The Mpro monomer consists of domain DI, DII, and DI‐DII interface. Twenty‐one conserved water molecules (W4–W24) are occupied at these domains according to multiple crystal structure analyses. The crystal and MD structures reveal the presence of eight conserved water sites in domain DI, DII and remaining in the DI‐DII interface. Grid‐based inhomogeneous fluid solvation theory (GIST) was employed on MD structures of Mpro native to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of each conserved water site for focusing to identify the specific conserved water molecules that can easily be displaced by proposed ligands. Finally, MD water W13 is emerged as a promising candidate for water mimic drug design due to its low mean interaction energy, loose binding character with the protein, and its involvement in a water‐mediated H‐bond with catalytic His41 via the interaction Thr25(OG)‐‐‐W13‐‐‐W‐‐‐His41(NE2). In this context, water occupancy, relative interaction energy, entropy, and topologies of W13 are thermodynamically acceptable for the water displacement method. Therefore, the strategic use of W13's geometrical position in the DI domain may be implemented for drug discovery against COVID disease by designing new ligands with appropriately oriented chemical groups to mimic its structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties.
Modulating opto‐electronic and magnetic responses of Mo‐ and Zn‐adsorbed LiNbO3 (1 1 1) surface for advanced energy harvesting applications: A comprehensive study
Authors: Rafiq Qaiser , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Azam Sikander , ur Rahman Amin , Hayat Sardar Sikandar , Alanazi Yousef Mohammed , Ahmad Syed Sheraz
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of Mo, Zn/LiNbO3 (1 1 1) material. The primary objectives were to understand the potential for manipulating the material's magnetism and to elucidate the origin of spin‐polarized states and magnetic moments, particularly with respect to the unpaired d orbitals of Nb, Mo, and Zn atoms. To achieve these objectives, we employed the Pardew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) method within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA + U) framework. This computational approach allowed us to examine the optoelectronic and magnetic characteristics of the material in detail. Our research yielded several key findings that enhance our understanding of Mo, Zn/LiNbO3 (1 1 1) material. We observed a modest improvement in the material's absorption capacity within the visible spectrum, accompanied by a discernible red‐shift. Notably, our study involved the calculation of the dielectric function and refractive constant of the material, revealing a strong correlation between absorption trends and the dielectric constant. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered that Mo, Zn/LiNbO3 (1 1 1) exhibits distinct conduction and valence bands, with p and d orbitals predominantly contributing to each, respectively. The energy gap of the material falls within a range of 0.30–1.04 eV. A particularly significant finding was the narrower band gap of Mo, Zn/LiNbO3 (1 1 1) material, which can be attributed to the superposition of Mo‐d and Zn‐p orbit energy levels with O‐p orbit energy levels, ultimately forming a covalent bond. Importantly, our research demonstrated the material's heightened optical absorption within the visible spectrum, suggesting its suitability for various photonic and optoelectronic applications. Additionally, we calculated a wide range of optical characteristics, including the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, energy loss, reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity, providing a comprehensive assessment of the material's optical properties.
Predictor‐based continuous‐discrete nonlinear observer design subject to aperiodic sampled and delayed measurement
Authors: Zhuang Xincheng , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a predictor‐based continuous‐discrete nonlinear observer is proposed for a class of nonaffine Lipschitz nonlinear systems with aperiodic sampled delayed output measurements and external disturbance. Firstly, this study introduces a class of delayed sampling hybrid nonlinear systems. By employing Lyapunov techniques and trajectory‐based stability theory, sufficient conditions are established for ensuring input‐to‐state stability of the delayed sampling hybrid nonlinear system with respect to external disturbances. Then the predictor‐based continuous‐discrete nonlinear observer is designed which consists of a continuous‐time observer, a compensating injector and a predictor. The continuous‐time observer is utilized to obtain continuous and delay‐free state estimation. The compensating injector is designed to compensate for output errors that occur between sampling instants. Furthermore, the predictor is employed to obtain delay‐free output error information, which is then utilized by the continuous‐time observer for feedback correction. The proposed observer's exponential input‐to‐state property against the disturbance is proved via the proposed hybrid system stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed observers has been demonstrated through numerical simulations and performance comparisons with the zero‐order holder‐based observer and the output predictor‐based observer designs in order to highlight the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed observer.
Robust regret optimal control
Authors: Liu Jietian , Seiler Peter
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a synthesis method for robust, regret optimal control. The plant is modeled in discrete‐time by an uncertain linear time‐invariant (LTI) system. An optimal non‐causal controller is constructed using the nominal plant model and given full knowledge of the disturbance. Robust regret is defined relative to the performance of this optimal non‐causal control. It is shown that a controller achieves robust regret if and only if it satisfies a robust performance condition. DK‐iteration can be used to synthesize a controller that satisfies this condition and hence achieve a given level of robust regret. The approach is demonstrated two examples: (i) a single‐input, single‐output (SISO) classical design, and (ii) an active suspension for a quarter car model. The SISO example is simple but is intended to provide insight about the robust regret control design. The quarter car example compares the robust regret controllers against regret controllers designed without plant uncertainty.
The Effect of N‐Defect and Axial Halogen Atom on Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of FeN4 Single‐Atom Catalysts: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yin Chen‐Shuang , Leng Yan , Yang Xikun , Min Chun‐Gang , Ren Ai‐Min , Liu Gang
Published: January 2024

Single atom catalysts had been widely used in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the relationship between local coordination environment and catalytic activity were unclear. In this work, the effect of N‐defect and axial halogen atoms on electrocatalytic OER/ORR activity of FeN4 catalysts were investigated by density functional theory calculations (DFT). When the overpotential was the only criterion, FeN3Br was the optimal candidates for OER, followed by FeN3F, FeN4I, FeN4Cl and FeN4Br; FeN4I, FeN4Br and FeN4Cl were also the promising candidates for ORR. FeN4I, FeN4Br and FeN4Cl may be excellent ORR catalysts in an acidic media because of the low overpotential and reaction barrier of kinetics rate limiting step. In summary, N‐defect and axial halogen atoms can effectively balance kinetics, thermodynamics and catalytic activity.
Single‐Atom Co─O4 Sites Embedded in a Defective‐Rich Porous Carbon Layer for Efficient H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Tao Zheng , Xu Mingyang , Kan Lun , Guo Chuanpan , Liu Jiameng , He Linghao , Du Miao , Zhang Zhihong
Published: January 2024

The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two‐electron electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is an essential alteration in the current anthraquinone‐based method. Herein, a single‐atom Co─O4 electrocatalyst is embedded in a defective and porous graphene‐like carbon layer (Co─O4@PC). The Co─O4@PC electrocatalyst shows promising potential in H2O2 electrosynthesis via 2e− ORR, providing a high H2O2 selectivity of 98.8% at 0.6 V and a low onset potential of 0.73 V for generating H2O2. In situ surface‐sensitive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic and geometric modification of Co─O4 induced by defective carbon sites result in decreased d‐band center of Co atoms, providing the optimum adsorption energies of OOH* intermediate. The H‐cell and flow cell assembled using Co─O4@PC as the cathode present long‐term stability and high efficiency for H2O2 production. Particularly, a high H2O2 production rate of 0.25 mol g−1cat h−1 at 0.6 V can be obtained by the flow cell. The in situ‐generated H2O2 can promote the degradation of rhodamine B and sterilize Staphylococcus aureus via the Fenton process. This work can pave the way for the efficient production of H2O2 by using Co─O4 single atom electrocatalyst and unveil the electrocatalytic mechanism.
Enhancing Sustainable Energy Conversion Efficiency by Incorporating Photoelectric Responsiveness into Multiporous Ionic Membrane
Authors: Xian Weipeng , Zhu Changjia , Lai Zhuozhi , Zuo Xiuhui , Meng Qing‐Wei , Zheng Liping , Wang Sai , Dai Zhifeng , Chen Fang , Ma Shengqian , Sun Qi
Published: January 2024

The evolution of porous membranes has revitalized their potential application in sustainable osmotic‐energy conversion. However, the performance of multiporous membranes deviates significantly from the linear extrapolation of single‐pore membranes, primarily due to the occurrence of ion‐concentration polarization (ICP). This study proposes a robust strategy to overcome this challenge by incorporating photoelectric responsiveness into permselective membranes. By introducing light‐induced electric fields within the membrane, the transport of ions is accelerated, leading to a reduction in the diffusion boundary layer and effectively mitigating the detrimental effects of ICP. The developed photoelectric‐responsive covalent‐organic‐framework membranes exhibit an impressive output power density of 69.6 W m−2 under illumination, surpassing the commercial viability threshold by ≈14‐fold. This research uncovers a previously unexplored benefit of integrating optical electric conversion with reverse electrodialysis, thereby enhancing energy conversion efficiency.
Self‐Assembled Nanocarrier Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Zhang Yuning , Ding Rui , Zhang Kai , Guo Huiyuan , Lin Yingying
Published: January 2024

Although bioactive compounds (BCs) have many important functions, their applications are greatly limited due to their own defects. The development of nanocarriers (NCs) technology has gradually overcome the defects of BCs. NCs are equally important as BCs to some extent. Self‐assembly (SA) methods to build NCs have many advantages than chemical methods, and SA has significant impact on the structure and function of NCs. However, the relationship among SA mechanism, structure, and function has not been given enough attention. Therefore, from the perspective of bottom‐up building mechanism, the concept of SA‐structure‐function of NCs is emphasized to promote the development of SA‐based NCs. First, the conditions and forces for occurring SA are introduced, and then the SA basis and molecular mechanism of protein, polysaccharide, and lipid are summarized. Then, varieties of the structures formed based on SA are introduced in detail. Finally, facing the defects of BCs and how to be well solved by NCs are also elaborated. This review attempts to describe the great significance of constructing artificial NCs to deliver BCs from the aspects of SA‐structure‐function, so as to promote the development of SA‐based NCs and the wide application of BCs.
A comprehensive exploration of diverse green analytical techniques and their influence in different analytical fields
Authors: Nanda Bibhu Prasad , Chopra Arshdeep , Kumari Yogindra , Narang Raj Kumar , Bhatia Rohit
Published: January 2024

The primary goals of green analytical chemistry (GAC) involve the development of novel analytical technologies or the modification of existing methods to incorporate procedures with reduced reliance on hazardous chemicals. Several approaches can be employed to achieve these objectives, including the utilization of environmentally friendly solvents and reagents, shortening chromatographic separation times, and the miniaturization of analytical devices. The review summarizes the evolution of GAC with its specific principles and with special emphasis on recent applications in modern era. A detailed exploration of the choice of green solvents and their practical utilization in green liquid chromatography (LC) techniques for environmentally friendly analysis of pharmaceuticals has been discussed. An ordinary description with a tabular illustration of various modern green analytical techniques like micellar LC, superheated water chromatography, high‐speed LC, enhanced fluidity LC, two‐dimensional LC, and aspects of gas chromatography has been thoroughly provided for concepts with their mechanism and limitations. GAC provides potential applications for food analysis, environmental analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic environment with special emphasis on strategies for greening LC and impurity profiling, and so on. Numerous benefits, limitations, and challenges that are linked to the field of GAC are highlighted in this review. We pay special attention to new green approaches, such as automation, miniaturization, direct analysis techniques, and some initiatives like the National Environmental Methods Index Label for Analytical Eco‐Scale assessment. In spite of many promising advancements, the understanding is still limited and challenging.
Elucidating key immunological biomarkers and immune microenvironment dynamics in aging‐related intracranial aneurysm through integrated multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Xiao Yangyang , Zhang Wenjia , Yang Haiguang , Li Chaoqun , Wang Jia , Li Guoshu
Published: January 2024

Background

The exact cause of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still unclear. However, pro‐inflammatory factors are known to contribute to IA progression. The specific changes in the immune microenvironment of IAs remain largely unexplored.

Methods

This study analyzed single‐cell sequencing data from a male mouse model of brain aneurysm, focusing on samples before and after elastase‐induced Willis aneurysms. The data helped identify eight distinct cell subpopulations: fibroblasts, macrophages, NK cells, endothelial cells, B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. The study also involved bulk RNA sequencing of 97 IA samples, utilizing ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms for analysis. Intercellular communication among these cells was inferred to understand the immune dynamics in IA.

Results

The study found that fibroblasts and macrophages are predominant in various disease states of IA. Notably, the onset of IA was marked by a significant increase in fibroblasts and a decrease in macrophages. There was a marked increase in cellular interactions, especially involving macrophages, at the onset of the disease. Through enrichment analysis, 12 potential immunogenic biomarkers were identified. Of these, Rgs1 emerged as a critical molecule in IA formation, confirmed through secondary validation in a single‐cell sequencing dataset.

Conclusion

This comprehensive analysis of immune cell composition and intercellular communication in IA tissues highlights the significant roles of macrophages and the molecule Rgs1. These findings shed light on the physiological and pathological conditions of IA, offering new insights into its immune microenvironment.
Perspectives on Indigenous well‐being and climate change adaptation
Authors: Jarillo Sergio , Crivelli Carlos
Published: January 2024

Though it is often said that climate change is a risk to people's well‐being, the specific ways in which it affects people's well‐being is still poorly understood, especially as it relates to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Two interrelated issues contribute to this gap in knowledge: (1) the use of different conceptualizations of well‐being across disciplines; and (2) the limited use of local and context‐specific understandings of well‐being that are meaningful to people exposed to climate change. Here, we review 103 articles covering the topic of climate change adaptation and well‐being. We find that, despite the growing interest on the topic, most of the articles do not include definitions of well‐being. We then propose an approach informed by emic values to better understand how climate change may affect well‐being in Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. We conclude that, given the increasing recognition of well‐being as a fundamental marker of successful adaptation, well‐being should be central to climate change research and policymaking, but for this to be of benefit to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities context‐specific understandings of well‐being are necessary.

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation

Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being

The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Duck hunters and difficulty complying with harvest regulations
Authors: Gruntorad Matthew P. , Vrtiska Mark P. , Chizinski Christopher J. , Duberstein Jennifer N. , Fulton David C. , Harshaw Howard W. , Raedeke Andrew H. , Spaeth Jason
Published: January 2024

Due to the steady decline of duck hunter participation, several studies have investigated means to bolster the duck hunter population. Researchers and wildlife professionals have assumed that simpler regulations would attract new and unconfident hunters to participate in duck hunting. In light of this, we sought to identify what portion of the duck‐hunting population had difficulty understanding species‐specific bag limits or complying with species‐specific bag limits in the field. We also sought to describe hunters who had difficulty complying with specific bag limits and how their difficulties were associated with elements related to demography, attitude, and behavior. We found most hunters had no difficulty understanding (82%) or complying with (74%) species specific bag limits, but flyway (χ2 = 35.06, P < 0.01), number of ducks harvested (χ2 = 9.76, P < 0.01), number of years hunted (χ2 = 9.20, P < 0.01), and gender (χ2 = 4.14, P < 0.05), were important to predicting hunter difficulty with compliance. Hunters who can overcome their difficulties understanding and complying with species‐specific bag limits may be more likely to be integrated into the duck hunting culture, and more likely to continue duck hunting in the future. More species identification tools and fewer species‐specific bag limits may be appropriate for the 18% of the duck hunter population who indicated that bag‐specific regulations were difficult to understand and the 26% who indicated that it was difficult to comply with species‐specific bag limits in the field. A closer look may be warranted for how the trade‐offs associated with the combination of species‐specific bag limits in combination with the variety of duck season zone and split options states employ, license/stamp requirements, area‐specific regulations, and trespass laws may influence duck hunter experiences.
Magneto‐thermoelastic interactions in a photothermal semiconducting medium with diffusion and microtemperatures
Authors: Jangra Amit , Choudhary Suman , Deswal Sunita
Published: January 2024

The current manuscript is an attempt to investigate the disturbances in a two‐dimensional homogeneous, isotropic, magneto‐thermoelastic material with mass diffusion, microtemperatures and photothermal effect. The expressions for different physical variables such as displacement, stresses, carrier density, temperature field and microtemperatures are obtained in the physical domain. The formulation is subjected to a thermal load. Normal mode analysis is adopted to procure the exact solution of the problem. Numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming and the results are illustrated graphically. The graphical results indicate that the effects of photothermal parameters, magnetic parameter, diffusion parameters and time are very much pronounced on the field variables. Results of some earlier authors have been reduced as particular cases of the present formulation.
Analysis and Treatment of Gas Pulsation in the Pipeline of a Hydrogen Diaphragm Compressor
Authors: Xiao Jun , Geng Maofei
Published: January 2024

Based on the plane wave theory and the transfer matrix method, the modeling, calculation and analysis of gas pulsation in a complex pipeline system of a hydrogen diaphragm compressor were carried out. The calculations show that the gas pulsations of the intake and exhaust pipelines of the cylinder gradually attenuate along the pipeline upstream and downstream, and the gas pulsation of the exhaust pipeline of the second stage cylinder is larger. The gas pulsations of the exhaust pipelines of the first and second stage cylinders are significantly higher than the limit values of API 618. From the perspective of pulsation control, an attempt was made to add orifice plates at appropriate positions of the pipeline to reduce the pulsation amplitude. The trial calculations show that the added orifice plate can effectively reduce the maximum gas pulsation of the pipeline, and can provide a useful reference for the treatment of gas pulsation.
Airworthiness Design and Verification Analysis of Unconventional Thermodynamic Cycle Hydrogen Aero-Turbine Engines
Authors: Tang Xinhao , Shen Suhua , Hu Yanjie , Wang Chunxiao
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen fuel is an extremely ideal aviation power with its characteristics of high power density and zero carbon emission. Hydrogen fuel is stored in a low-temperature liquid state in aircraft, and the liquid hydrogen needs to be warmed up to hydrogen gas by heat transfer before entering the combustion chamber to participate in combustion. Since liquid hydrogen has the traits of low temperature and high specific heat capacity, large amount of heat is required to complete the heat transfer process. And the engine thermal cycle process can be fully utilized for heat transfer of liquid hydrogen. This paper presents the design and verification of unconventional thermal cycle system based on an unconventional thermal cycle configuration for hydrogen aero-turbine engines under the existing airworthiness regulations. This paper can provide support for the airworthiness design and verification of hydrogen aero-turbine engines with unconventional thermal cycle configurations, and provide a reference for the introduction of the airworthiness validation special conditions policy applicable to hydrogen aero-turbine engines.
Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Microgrid
Authors: Jing Yanwei , Zhao Zhihao , Jiang Wen , Liang Tao
Published: January 2024

A hydrogen fuel station is an infrastructure for commercializing hydrogen energy using fuel cells, especially in the automotive field. Hydrogen, produced through microgrid systems of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, is a green fuel that can greatly reduce the use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector. In this study, taking the Winter Olympics as the background, hydrogen production was carried out through the wind-solar hybrid microgrid system installed in Chongli, Zhangjiakou, so as to meet the fuel supply of hydrogen buses during the Winter Olympics. This analysis is the capacity optimization configuration design of the microgrid including the hydrogen production system, and the simulation analysis is carried out by using the Homer simulation software. In this study, NASA’s ground-based meteorology and solar databases were used. Therefore, the annual average wind speed of the site is 5.72 m/s, and the annual average solar radiation is 5.08 kWh/m2/d. According to the optimization results obtained for the proposed configuration, different system configuration schemes are found, and a variety of schemes are compared to select the most economical capacity configuration scheme. It was finally shown that a microgrid including a hydrogen production system powered by renewable energy is economically feasible.
Penetration Behavior Analysis of Resin During the Impregnation Progress of Expanded Graphite Plates
Authors: Fan Runlin , Zheng Junsheng , Zhan Zize
Published: January 2024

Resin impregnation is an important process in the manufacture of composite graphite bipolar plates to reduce their porosity and improve their air tightness as well as flexural strength. In order to improve the filling efficiency of resin into expanded graphite plates and to investigate the factors influencing the resin penetration process, we compare the penetration rate and the upper limit of absorption of epoxy resin, acrylic resin and water in graphite plates. It was found that capillary force is part of the driving forces for resin penetration into the graphite plates, while the boundary layer is the main source of resistance. The higher viscosity of the resin not only leads to a lower resin flow rate, but also results in the formation of a thicker boundary layer, creating additional resistance. Further, the pores are not permeable by resin when the thickness of the boundary layer is greater than the pore size, which is an important reason why the expanded graphite plate is difficult to be filled by resin adequately.
Research on Space Regenerative Fuel Cell System and Comprehensive Energy Utilization Technology
Authors: Feng Lei , Chen Wen , Wang Jingrun , Xie Wen , Cui Qingxin , Bai Jingying , Wan Cheng’an
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces the application demands and research progress of fuel cells in the space field. Subsequently, an analysis of the comprehensive energy utilization modes of fuel cells from the aspects of water, gas, and heat is conducted. The fuel evaporated from the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks of spacecraft can be used for fuel cell power generation, and the heat generated by fuel cells, together with the low-absorption and low-emissivity thermal control coatings, maintains the temperature of the spacecraft in the shadow area. The product water from fuel cells can be purified for reuse in thermal control, environmental control, and water electrolysis cells. The hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolyzing water can be recycled for fuel cell power generation, and the oxygen can also be used for environmental control and life support, while the hydrogen can be used for methane production. To reduce system weight and achieve comprehensive utilization of energy and resources, integrated system design and research on regenerative fuel cell system principles are carried out. Finally, through the analysis of prototype performance parameters, the design scheme demonstrates the feasibility of energy and resource recycling.
High Efficiency Fuel Cell Stack and Key Technologies of Power Module
Authors: Hsu Che-Jung , Lin Cheng-Huei , Lee Chih-Hung , Tsai Li-Duan , Lai Chien-Ming
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the development of key technologies in fuel cell stacks and fuel cell power modules are reported, with emphasis on high-volume production (>10,000 units/year). Fuel cell stack design is focused on the development of high-efficiency membrane electrode assemblies (≧300 mA/cm2 @0.8 V) suitable for continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing and high volumetric efficiency stacks (1.5 kW/L) with power rating of at least 10 kW. Power module design focuses on the union of liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, smart power conditioning technology, battery, hydrogen storage system and balance-of-plant into a fully-integrated, drop-in unit for MHE (Material Handling Equipment) systems. Technical verification was conducted by integrating the fuel cell power module into an automated guided vehicle as a turn-key replacement for the original power system. Power module performance was demonstrated with continuous current loading up to 240 A and peak current loading of 300 A. All core technologies of the fuel cell power module are deliverable as a free-standing total solution, expanding the potential applications beyond vehicle systems, and allowing rapid commercialization of related technologies.
An Optimal Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Train
Authors: Chang Rui , Liu Yang , Cao Yufeng , Liu Jianqiang
Published: January 2024

The hybrid trains use hydrogen fuel cells and lithium-iron phosphate batteries as energy sources. The powertrain has the advantage of zero emissions and high energy efficiency due to optimizing the power distribution strategy and the recovery of braking energy. This paper proposes an energy management strategy based on the Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) to optimize the power allocation of both power sources to guarantee the power performance of the train and achieve optimal operation at the cost. The method is based on a dynamic programming algorithm to determine the optimum output power of a hydrogen-fuelled engine. Based on the operating characteristics of the train and the characteristics of the respective power sources, the objective function and constraints are established, and the principles for selecting the parameters of the optimization algorithm are presented. Finally, as a driving condition, the train is operated on a specific line in a minimum time operation. The vehicle model and control strategy designed in Matlab/Simulink environment is jointly simulated and verified. Simulation results show that the proposed optimization strategy results in significant savings in hydrogen consumption for the hybrid train compared to the SOC equalization strategy and better meets the train power performance requirements.
H-Mg Bond Weakening Mechanism of Graphene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts on MgH2(110) Surface
Authors: Dong Shuai , Liu Hao , Liu Xinyuan , Li Chaoqun , Gao Zhengyang , Yang Weijie
Published: January 2024

Solid-state hydrogen storage is gradually becoming an effective way for the large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) has become a promising candidate among solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to its high hydrogen storage density, low cost and good safety. However, ambiguous H-Mg bond weakening mechanism of various catalysts on MgH2 hinders the development of novel catalysts for MgH2 dehydrogenation. To overcome this problem, we applied the model catalyst, single-atom catalyst with accurately characterizable coordination structure, to understand the interaction between catalyst and MgH2 surface through spin-polarized density-functional theory calculation. We constructed heterogeneous interface structures between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface including nine kinds of transition metal atoms. The interaction between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface has been well explored through bond length, electron localization function, charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population, providing the intrinsic information of H-Mg bond weakening mechanism over single-atom catalysts. This work can establish the foundational guide for the design of novel dehydrogenation catalysts.
Global Trends in PEM Electrolyzer Research Based on Published Articles
Authors: Bai Ziwei , Li Jiahua , Deng Zhanfeng , Tan Hui , Li Lu , Xu Guizhi , Kang Wei , Liu Min
Published: January 2024

As one of the representative new energy, hydrogen has received widely attention in recent years. PEM electrolyzer plays a central role in hydrogen production process. In this paper, 411 publications related to PEM electrolyzer collected from Web of Science released between 2005 and 2022 were analyzed through bibliometric to explore research hot-spots and future trends by analyzing publication and citation, countries and authors, journals and keywords. According to statistics and analysis, (1) Iran and Dincer Ibrahim were the most productive countries and authors, respectively. (2) International Journal of Hydrogen Energy was the mainly journal of PEM electrolyzer related publications. (3) Component and Hybrid System are likely to remain prominent areas of research in the foreseeable future. (4) Current hot-spots, such as Two Phase Flow and Hybrid System, may receive even more attention in the foreseeable future.