bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triamcinolone acetonide injections for the treatment of recalcitrant post-radical prostatectomy vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis: A retrospective look at efficacy and safety
Authors: Neu Sarah , Vigil Humberto , Locke Jennifer A. , Herschorn Sender
Published: August 2020

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the success of bladder neck injections of triamcinolone at the time of transurethral bladder neck incision (BNI) for prevention of recurrent vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) following prostate cancer treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study examining patients with recurrent VUAS post-RP ± radiation treated with triamcinolone injections at the time of BNI. VUAS was diagnosed by symptoms followed by cystoscopy or urethrography. The outpatient procedures were done under general anesthesia. Cold knife incisions were made at the three, nine, and 12 o’clock BN positions, followed by triamcinolone injections (4 mg/mL) into the three and nine o’clock incision sites. Treatment outcomes were determined with cystoscopy.

Results: Eighteen men underwent 25 procedures over a four-year period. Median age at diagnosis of VUAS was 65 (interquartile range [IQR] 61–68); median time to VUAS from RP was eight months (IQR 5–12). Fourteen patients (78%) had radiation treatment. The cohort had 128 unsuccessful VUAS treatments, with a median of five failed treatments per patient (IQR 3–10). Failed treatments included BN dilation, BNI, BN injection of mitomycin C, and urethral stent placement. Success rate after a mean of 16.3 months (standard deviation [SD] 8.1) from the time of triamcinolone injection was 83% (15/18). Six patients went on to have successful incontinence surgery. Five patients (28%) had treatment complications (bleeding, urinary tract infection, pain, and urinary extravasation). The three non-responders are stable and awaiting re-treatment with triamcinolone injection.

Conclusions: Triamcinolone bladder neck injections for post-RP VUAS are a useful and safe treatment for recurrent stenosis.
Die insolvenzrechtliche Anfechtung von Bargeschäften
Authors: Mahlmann Max Justus
Published: August 2020

The recent extension of the cash transaction privilege of section 142 of the German Insolvency Act onto clawback for wilful disadvantaging of the creditors is limited by the element of “Unlauterkeit” [unfairness]. The aim of this study is to specify the aforementioned element more precisely.

The study provides practitioners with more legal certainty regarding the privilege by a comprehensive presentation of its purpose and an in-depth examination of the system of values within the clawback law. The focus is on a thorough analysis of the legislative materials and the reciprocal effects of the revised privilege and the so called “bargeschäftsähnliche Lage” [situation similar to a cash transaction] on one another.
Cranial Strain Patterns Associated With Concussions
Authors: Schwartzberg Lauren , Aslanyan Lilit , Angelo Nicole , Mancini Jayme , Kooyman Patricia S. , Abu-Sbaih Reem , Zwibel Hallie , Yao Sheldon C.
Published: August 2020

Context

Concussions can cause cognitive impairment, somatic symptoms, and behavioral changes. Symptoms may vary in severity, depending on the degree of traumatic force. Due to the biomechanical nature of this trauma, cranial somatic dysfunctions may commonly be seen in patients with concussion.

Objective

To determine whether patients were more likely to have nonphysiologic cranial somatic dysfunctions than physiologic cranial somatic dysfunctions after sustaining a concussion.

Methods

College athletes who had a concussion based on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive test were evaluated by a physician within 1 week of the injury. Patients were evaluated for somatic dysfunctions of the cranium. Cranial somatic dysfunctions were documented; test scores and force vectors were compared with the type of strain pattern using SPSS, with P<.05 demonstrating statistical significance.

Results

Sixteen patients were included in the study: 10 with nonphysiologic cranial strain somatic dysfunctions and 6 with physiologic dysfunctions. Compared with lateral forces, forces of impact with anterioposterior vectors were associated 1.5 times more often with nonphysiologic rather than physiologic cranial somatic dysfunctions (P=.697). An analysis of specific cranial strain patterns and impact force vectors showed no statistical significance (P=.096).

Conclusion

There was no statistically significant association showing that concussion patients were more likely to have nonphysiologic cranial somatic dysfunctions compared with physiological cranial somatic dysfunctions. However, nonphysiologic cranial somatic dysfunctions did show a trend toward association with concussion. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential association between concussion and cranial somatic dysfunctions.
Banking Sector’s Corporate Governance Practices: Study on Rangpur Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossin Md. Shakhaowat , Biva Farzana Karim
Published: August 2020

This research paper is an endeavor to look at the present status of corporate governance in banking sector of Bangladesh. Corporate Governance ensures to bring transparency, accountability and professionalism within the management system of a company body that enhances the credibility and acceptability to the shareholders, employees, potential investors, customers, lenders, governments and every one other stakeholder. This is often truer just in case of banking system. To serve the study, both primary and secondary data are wont to prepare this paper. Samples are collected on the premise of questionnaire by interviewing 10 randomly selected bank personnel like corporate branch manager and other concerned personnel. So as try to the study; the main issues were focused like shareholder rights and disclosure of knowledge, disclosure and transparency, board issues, audit practices, financial reporting and Human Resources Management (HRM) practices. Seven hypotheses are developed so as to spot whether banks are complying corporate governance issues or not. To estimate the idea, statistical tools like mean, variance and Z-test are used. Hypotheses for the study are developed from the research questions. The results and analysis indicate compliance of CG code within the banks is above 70% and also the assumption of the 6 hypothesis only 50%. Consequently, the study recommends greater regulatory monitoring to confirm the exercise of fine governance in Bangladeshi Banks.
Assessing Meteorological Variables, Larvae Free Rate and Dengue Incidence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Zannah Juhrati Raodatul , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
Published: August 2020

Aims: Dengue is a disease closely related to the environment, including several climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. This research attempted to illustrate the relationship between dengue fever incidence and climatic factors, larva free rate (LFR) or Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia.

Methodology: Secondary data from meteorological agency and district health office were collected and analyzed using Spearman Rank Test and Multiple Linear Regression Test.

Results: Temperature, air humidity and wind speed were associated with dengue incidence in Yogyakarta city during 2016-2018. Correlation between rainfall and dengue was r = 0.27 and p value = 0.11; temperature and dengue r =0.62 and p value = 0.000; humidity and dengue r=0.38 and p value 0.02; wind speed and dengue r=-0.36 and p value = 0.03; r = -0.36. Larvae free rate and dengue r=0.04 and p value = 0.77.

Conclusion: Climate variables are an important factor affecting the incidence of dengue fever. To decrease the incidence, it is necessary to educate the community on improving awareness related to the mosquito breeding place.
Characterisation and Anti-diabetic Activity of Phenylquinoline, and Narceine Isolated from Ficus polita Leaf
Authors: Nasir A. , Sule M. S. , Alhassan A. J. , Wudil A. M. , Imam A. A. , Idi A. , Muhammad I. U. , Yaradua A. I. , Matazu K. I. , Kanadi A. M.
Published: August 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-diabetic potentials of column chromatography fractions (F1-F6) of chloroform leaf extract of Ficus polita and to detect the probable bioactive compounds present in the most active fraction using spectroscopic techniques. Antidiabetic potential of the fractions (F1-F6) were tested at a dose of 50 mg/kg on wistar rats. Fraction 3 and metformin treated diabetic groups showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBS) level, ameliorate hepatic and renal damages by decreasing the levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, potassium and chloride, but increasing the levels of serum total protein, albumin, sodium, and bicarbonate compared to untreated diabetic rats. Fraction 3 also stimulates insulin secretion by β cells. After alloxan administration, the levels of hepatic and renal tissues antioxidant markers such as GSH, SOD and catalase were decreased whereas the level of hepatic and renal tissues MDA was elevated. The levels of these antioxidant markers were brought to normalcy by fraction 3 (F3). Histological studies of the pancreas supported the biochemical findings, and treatment with fraction 3 (F3) was found to be effective in restoring alloxan-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats. FTIR and GCMS and analyses were conducted for the detection of bioactive compound(s) in fraction 3 (F3) and the result revealed the presence of "8-methoxy-4-phenylquinoline and narceine The study concludes that; the anti-diabetic property of the leaf of Ficus polita is mediated by the bioactive compounds " 8-methoxy-4-phenylquinoline, and narceine." through their antioxidant properties and stimulation of damaged pancreas to produce more insulin.
Divulging Satisfaction Levels of Residents for Household Waste Management through Vermicomposting at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University: A Cross-sectional Exploration
Authors: Kumar Uday , Jha Shankar , Lal Sudhanand Prasad
Published: August 2020

The reduction of household wastes has been a pressing issue and is a key element of waste management programme in India. The goal of present research was to evaluate the ongoing Household Waste Management Practices (HWMPs) of the University in managing the waste generated within it. To realize this goal, researchers conducted survey and investigative study with campus residents on HWMPs being followed in the campus. In this backdrop, the present study was conducted with the following two objectives: To measure the Socio-Personal, Socio-psychological profiles and appraisal of on-site treatment of Household Waste of the Respondents with scientific parsimony and to quantify overall satisfaction level of the respondents as dependent variable. Out of total 750 residential quarters in the university from which 50 household heads of the quarters were selected through ‘probability simple random sampling’. In qualitative methods observation, interviews, open-ended surveys, focus groups and oral history were used. Closely 90 percent of respondents were well acquainted with the fact that collected household wastes are being converted into vermi-compost inside the university campus itself. More than one-fourth of the respondents addressed the problem of throwing garbage around the metallic dustbins. In order to generate statistical information quantitative survey of satisfaction level was done which revealed that more than 80 percent respondent showed their satisfaction for HWMPs. By applying the Pearson chi-square test it was revealed that satisfaction level of the respondents were inclined ‘towards satisfied to fully satisfied’ categories with the chi-square value, i.e. 24.72 was significant at 1% level with P-value of 0.001. So, it can be concluded that residents were satisfied from waste management programme and thus rejecting the framed null hypothesis. So, it can be inferred that this model of waste management may be recommended and replicated throughout the country and abroad.
Assessment of Gene Action for Grain Micronutrient Content, Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Avinash , Singh N. K. , Kumar Rajesh , Nilanjaya . , Singh S. K. , Singh Mithilesh Kumar , Tigga Aman , Banshidhar .
Published: August 2020

Biofortification of food crops using conventional breeding or biotechnological approach is gaining momentum to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition.  Rice is a nice choice for biofortification of grain iron and zinc content as this is a cheap and chief staple food for millions of peoples world-wide particularly the poor. In present study, generation mean analysis was done to estimate the nature and magnitude of gene effects for grain iron and zinc content in rice cross Khusisoi-RI-Sareku × IR 91175-27-1-3-1-3.  Scaling test and Joint scaling test indicated the influence of epistasis on the expression of yield, its component traits and grain Fe and Zn content and inadequacy of additive-dominance model to explain the variation in different generations. Dominance [h] gene effect was of higher magnitude as compared to additive [d] gene effect for both grain iron and grain zinc content.  Additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance component was significant for both grain Fe and Zn content, whereas dominance × dominance component was predominant for both grain Fe and Zn content. Dominance [h] gene effect and dominance × dominance interaction acted in opposite directions, indicating duplicate type of gene action controlling the expression of both grain Fe and grain Zn content which could be a bottleneck to exploit heterosis. Heterosis breeding and recombination breeding with postponement of selection till later generations, could be effective in improving both grain Fe and grain Zn content in rice.
Determination of Transmission Coefficients and Energy Density of an Overlay Microstrip Patch Antenna for Microwave Filters and Feeds Designs Using Microwave Methods
Authors: Yakubu Abubakar , Abbas Zulkifly , Sahabi Suleiman
Published: August 2020

In designing filters and antenna feeds at microwave frequency, the energy density and stop bands are of vital importance. To this development, this work is set out to determine the transmission coefficients behavior of substrates along with their energy density for a microstrip structure using finite element method (FEM) and Vector network analyzer (VNA). In this work, a 15, 30 and 50 mm PTFE samples were used as an overlay substrate material on a patch microstrip antenna. Simulations and measurement were then carried using FEM and VNA, respectively. Transmission coefficient obtained via FEM and VNA were compared and the behavior of the substrates at 10 GHz were noted which is the area of broad stop band. Results from simulation and measurement showed that the energy density of the 50 mm thick substrates was 1.67 x 10-5 J/m3 while the attenuated power for the 15, 30 and 50 mm thick substrates at 10 GHz were 6.8, 8.0 and 14.6 dB, respectively. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the 50 mm thick PTFE substrates has the deepest stopband at 10 GHz and more suitable for filter designs and antenna feeds.
Impaired proteasome activity and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation in FBXO7 defect
Authors: Correa‐Vela Marta , Lupo Vincenzo , Montpeyó Marta , Sancho Paula , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Hernández‐Vara Jorge , Darling Alejandra , Jenkins Alison , Fernández‐Rodríguez Sandra , Tello Cristina , Ramírez‐Jiménez Laura , Pérez Belén , Sánchez‐Montáñez Ángel , Macaya Alfons , Sobrido María J. , Martinez‐Vicente Marta , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén , Espinós Carmen
Published: August 2020

Abstact

FBXO7 is implicated in the ubiquitin–proteasome system and parkin‐mediated mitophagy. FBXO7defects cause a levodopa‐responsive parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome(PPS). Methods: We investigated the disease molecular bases in a child with PPS and brain iron accumulation. Results: A novel homozygous c.368C>G (p.S123*) FBXO7 mutation was identified in a child with spastic paraplegia, epilepsy, cerebellar degeneration, levodopa nonresponsive parkinsonism, and brain iron deposition. Patient’s fibroblasts assays demonstrated an absence of FBXO7 RNA expression leading to impaired proteasome degradation and accumulation of poly‐ubiquitinated proteins. Conclusion: This novel FBXO7 phenotype associated with impaired proteasome activity overlaps with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.
Monolithic Heterogeneous Integration of 3D Radio Frequency L−C Elements by Self‐Rolled‐Up Membrane Nanotechnology
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Kraman Mark D. , Zheng Zhuoyuan , Zhao Haojie , Zhang Jialiang , Gong Songbin , Shao Yang Victoria , Huang Wen , Wang Pingfeng , Li Xiuling
Published: August 2020

This work reports a three‐dimensional (3D) radio frequency L−C filter network enabled by a CMOS‐compatible two‐dimensional (2D) fabrication approach, which combines inductive (L) and capacitive (C) self‐rolled‐up membrane (S‐RuM) components monolithically into a single L−C network structure, thereby greatly reducing the on‐chip area footprint. The individual L−C elements are fabricated in‐plane using standard semiconductor processing techniques, and subsequently triggered by the built‐in stress to self‐assemble and roll into cylindrical air‐core architectures. By designing the planar structure geometry and constituent layer properties to achieve a specific number of turns with a desired inner diameter when the device is rolled up, the electrical characteristics can be engineered. The network layouts of the L and C components are also reconfigurable by selecting appropriate input, output, and ground contact routing topographies. The devices demonstrated here operate over the range of ≈1−10 GHz. Their area and volume footprints are ≈0.09 mm2 and ≈0.01 mm3, respectively, which are ≈10× smaller than most of the comparable conventional filter designs. These S‐RuM‐enabled 3D microtubular L−C filter networks represent significant advancement for miniaturization and integration of passive electronic components for applications in mobile connectivity and other frequency range.
A Compliant Ionic Adhesive Electrode with Ultralow Bioelectronic Impedance
Authors: Pan Liang , Cai Pingqiang , Mei Le , Cheng Yuan , Zeng Yi , Wang Ming , Wang Ting , Jiang Ying , Ji Baohua , Li Dechang , Chen Xiaodong
Published: August 2020

Simultaneous implementation of high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) but low crosstalk is of great importance for weak surface electromyography (sEMG) signals when precisely driving a prosthesis to perform sophisticated activities. However, due to gaps with the curved skin during muscle contraction, many electrodes have poor compliance with skin and suffer from high bioelectrical impedance. This causes serious noise and error in the signals, especially the signals from low‐level muscle contractions. Here, the design of a compliant electrode based on an adhesive hydrogel, alginate–polyacrylamide (Alg‐PAAm) is reported, which eliminates those large gaps through the strong electrostatic interaction and abundant hydrogen bond with the skin. The obtained compliant electrode, having an ultralow bioelectrical impedance of ≈20 kΩ, can monitor even 2.1% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of muscle. Furthermore, benefiting from the high SNR of >5:1 at low‐level MVC, the crosstalk from irrelevant muscle is minimized through reducing the electrode size. Finally, a prosthesis is successfully demonstrated to precisely grasp a needle based on a 9 mm2 Alg‐PAAm compliant electrode. The strategy to design such compliant electrodes provides the potential for improving the quality of dynamically weak sEMG signals to precisely control prosthesis in performing purposefully dexterous activity.
Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture
Authors: Hewage Kamalani Achala H. , Yang Jing‐Fang , Wang Di , Hao Ge‐Fei , Yang Guang‐Fu , Zhu Jian‐Kang
Published: August 2020

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best‐known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance‐like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small‐molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA‐based agrochemicals are also discussed.
Tree biomass distribution patterns with a forest succession in subtropical China
Authors: Zhang‐Quan Zeng , Hong Tang , Qing Hu , Si‐Long Wang , Minghong Li , Rui Yang , Yandong Niu , Can‐Ming Zhang
Published: August 2020

To better understand the effect of forest succession on biomass sequestration, we investigated biomass stock and allocation of evergreen broadleaf forest, a major zonal forest type in subtropical China. To analyze the biomass patterns and dynamics with forest succession, three forest types, pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) forest (PF), pine and broadleaf mixed forest (MF) and evergreen broadleaf forest (BF), were selected and their tree biomasses were investigated. The results showed that the biomass of the arbor layer was the highest in BF, which was 292.51 t/hm2, followed by MF and PF with 206.87 and 171.76 t/hm2, respectively. It indicated that tree biomass increased with the forest succession. The biomass patterns in arbor layer were similar during the forest succession, in which the biomass of trunks accounted for the largest proportion in the total biomass decreased with the forest succession, but the proportion of the biomass of roots increased with the forest succession. The biomass of the diameter class above 20 cm in PF, MF and BF contributed to a large proportion of the total biomass. With the succession, the increase of tree species diversity has a positive effect on the increase of tree biomass. Our results indicated that forest succession can sequestrate biomass carbon and alleviate the global climate change.
Switchable Perovskite Photovoltaic Sensors for Bioinspired Adaptive Machine Vision
Authors: Chen Qilai , Zhang Ying , Liu Shuzhi , Han Tingting , Chen Xinhui , Xu Yanqing , Meng Ziqi , Zhang Guanglei , Zheng Xuejun , Zhao Jinjin , Cao Guozhong , Liu Gang
Published: August 2020

Machine vision is an indispensable part of today's artificial intelligence. The artificial visual systems used in industrial production and domestic daily life rely significantly on cameras and image‐processing components for live monitoring and target identifying. They, however, often suffer from bulky volume, high energy consumption, and more critically, lack of adaptive responsiveness under extreme lighting conditions and thus possible mortal visual disability of flash blinding or nyctalopia for applications such as auto‐piloting. Herein, it is demonstrated that perovskite switchable photovoltaic devices are used to effectively construct all‐in‐one sensory neural network. Arising from the spontaneous and electric field‐induced ion‐migration effect, the photoresponsivity of the perovskite device can be reconfigured over the wide range of 540–1270%, which not only allows high‐fidelity adaptive image sensing of the visual information but also acts as updatable synaptic weight to enable the sensor array for performing machine‐learning tasks. With the bioinspired electronic pupil regulation function achieved through adjustable photoresponsivity of the perovskite sensor array, a proof‐of‐concept adaptive machine vision system with a maximum 263% enhancement of the object recognition accuracy for compact, mobile yet delay‐sensitive applications is demonstrated.
Neuromorphic Engineering for Hardware Computational Acceleration and Biomimetic Perception Motion Integration
Authors: Wang Shuiyuan , Chen Xiaozhang , Huang Xiaohe , Wei Zhang David , Zhou Peng
Published: August 2020

In the tide of artificial intelligence evolution, the demand for data computing has exploded, and the von Neumann architecture computer with separate memory and computing units require cumbersome data interaction, which leads to serious degradation in performance and efficiency. Biologically inspired neuromorphic engineering performs digital/analog computations in memory, with massive parallelism and high energy efficiency, making it a promising candidate to get out of the woods. Memristive device‐based artificial synapses and neurons are building blocks to form hardware neural networks for computing acceleration. In addition, it enables the implementation of integrated bionic perception and motion systems to mimic the human peripheral nervous system for information sensing and processing. Herein, the biological basis and inspiration are described first, and the memristive synapses and circuit‐emulation neurons used for neuromorphic engineering are addressed and evaluated as well as the mechanisms. The computational acceleration and bionic perception motion integration of neuromorphic systems are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for neuromorphic engineering to accelerate computation and enrich biomimetic perception motion functions are prospected, and it is hoped that light is shed on future advances.
A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry
Authors: Mo Yiming , Rughoobur Girish , Nambiar Anirudh M. K. , Zhang Kara , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: August 2020

Electroorganic synthesis is a promising tool to design sustainable transformations and discover new reactivities. However, the added setup complexity caused by electrodes in the system impedes efficient screening of reaction conditions. Herein, we present a microfluidic platform that enables automated high‐throughput experimentation (HTE) for electroorganic synthesis at a 15‐microliter scale. Two HTE modules are demonstrated: 1) the rapid electrochemical reaction condition screening for a radical–radical cross‐coupling reaction on micro‐fabricated interdigitated electrodes, and 2) measurements of kinetics for mediated anodic oxidations using the microliter‐scale cyclic voltammetry. The presented modular approach could be deployed for a range of other electroorganic chemistry applications beyond the demonstrated functionalities.
Modulating Orientational Order to Organize Polyhedral Nanoparticles into Plastic Crystals and Uniform Metacrystals
Authors: Lee Yih Hong , Shi Wenxiong , Yang Yijie , Kao Ya‐Chuan , Lee Hiang Kwee , Chu Rongrong , Pang Yee Ling , Lay Chee Leng , Li Shuzhou , Ling Xing Yi
Published: August 2020

In nanoparticle self‐assembly, the current lack of strategy to modulate orientational order creates challenges in isolating large‐area plastic crystals. Here, we achieve two orientationally distinct supercrystals using one nanoparticle shape, including plastic crystals and uniform metacrystals. Our approach integrates multi‐faceted Archimedean polyhedra with molecular‐level surface polymeric interactions to tune nanoparticle orientational order during self‐assembly. Experiments and simulations show that coiled surface polymer chains limit interparticle interactions, creating various geometrical configurations among Archimedean polyhedra to form plastic crystals. In contrast, brush‐like polymer chains enable molecular interdigitation between neighboring particles, favoring consistent particle configurations and result in uniform metacrystals. Our strategy enhances supercrystal diversity for polyhedra comprising multiple nondegenerate facets.
Latent Class Growth Analysis of Gout Flare Trajectories: A Three‐Year Prospective Cohort Study in Primary Care
Authors: Watson Lorraine , Belcher John , Nicholls Elaine , Muller Sara , Mallen Christian , Roddy Edward
Published: August 2020

Objective

To investigate the existence of distinct classes of gout flare trajectories and compare their gout‐specific, comorbid, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, adults with gout who were registered with 20 general practices self‐reported the number of gout flares experienced at baseline and after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months via postal questionnaires. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify distinct gout flare trajectory classes. Statistical criteria and clinical interpretability were used to decide the optimal number of classes. Baseline comorbidities, medications, and sociodemographic and gout‐specific characteristics of members of each class were described.

Results

A total of 1,164 participants (mean ± SD age 65.6 ± 12.5 years; 972 [84%] male) were included. Six latent gout flare trajectory classes were identified: “frequent and persistent” (n = 95), “gradually worsening” (n = 276), “frequent then improving” (n = 14), “moderately frequent” (n = 287), “moderately frequent then improving” (n = 143), and “infrequent” (n = 349). The “frequent and persistent” trajectory had the most class members classified as obese and, along with the “gradually worsening” class, the highest proportion who were socioeconomically deprived. The “frequent and persistent,” “gradually worsening,” and ”frequent then improving” classes had the highest proportions of class members with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2. The “infrequent” gout flare class was associated with more frequent allopurinol use and lower urate levels.

Conclusion

Six distinct gout flare trajectories were identified. Infrequent flares were associated with allopurinol use and lower serum urate levels, supporting the use of urate‐lowering therapy to reduce flare frequency. The characteristics of flare trajectory classes could help to target interventions and improve patient care.
Structure of Magnesium Chloride Complexes in Ethereal Systems: Computational Comparison of THF and Glymes as Solvents for Magnesium Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Lastra Juan Maria García , Vegge Tejs
Published: August 2020

The structure of the electrolyte is crucial for the performance of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Doubly charged cations interact much stronger with both anions and solvent molecules, forming different size clusters. Here, we apply DFT calculations to investigate salt solvation by altering the first solvation shell of the magnesium‐chloride complexes in different ethereal solvents: tetrahydrofuran, monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme. The analysis was performed by looking for the most stable structures, considering mono‐, di‐ and trimeric clusters of MgxCly. The determination of clusters geometries, together with their energies, resulted in a comprehensive picture of the thermodynamically preferred state of the electrolyte, and allowed for a simple assessment of the electrochemical activity of the electrolyte. Our analysis shows that clustering is beneficial for desolvation of magnesium from the cluster, but causes overpotentials due to hindered electron transfer.
Metaorganismusforschung trifft Schule
Authors: Claussen Christina , Knapp Jana Madlen , Kapitza Martina , Bernholt Andrea , Schulenburg Hinrich , Kremer Kerstin
Published: August 2020

Beim Darwin‐Tag an der Universität zu Kiel bieten Wissenschaftler/innen Lernenden der Sekundarstufe II einen Einblick in aktuelle biologische Forschungsgebiete. 2018 vermittelte die ganzheitliche Betrachtung eines Metaorganismus Schüler/innen neue naturwissenschaftliche Denk‐ und Arbeitsweisen, die für ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis biologischer Zusammenhänge wie auch für heutige Krankheitsbilder wichtig sind. Damit neue Erkenntnisse aus der biologischen Forschung an Schüler/innen herangetragen werden, können verschiedene Formate der Wissenschaftskommunikation genutzt werden. Eine Möglichkeit sind Besuche von außerschulischen Lernorten wie des Darwin‐Tags der Universität zu Kiel, der Bezug zu einem aktuellen biologischen Forschungsthema nimmt. Um die Bedeutung von Wissenschaftskommunikation zu verdeutlichen, wurden in diesem Artikel der Darwin‐Tag und eine begleitende Unterrichtseinheit vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Einblicke in die Evaluierung dieses Outreach‐Formates gegeben.
Laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma: cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Gosselin-Tardif A , Abou-Khalil M , Mata J , Guigui A , Cools-Lartigue J , Ferri L , Lee L , Mueller C
Published: August 2020

Background

Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LSG) for cancer is associated with good perioperative outcomes and superior quality of life compared with the open approach, albeit at higher cost. An economic evaluation was conducted to compare the two approaches.

Methods

A cost–effectiveness analysis between LSG and open subtotal gastrectomy (OSG) for gastric cancer was performed using a decision-tree cohort model with a healthcare system perspective and a 12-month time horizon. Model inputs were informed by a meta-analysis of relevant literature, with costs represented in 2016 Canadian dollars (CAD) and outcomes measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). A secondary analysis was conducted using inputs extracted solely from European and North American studies. Deterministic (DSA) and probabilistic (PSA) sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

In the base-case model, costs of LSG were $935 (€565) greater than those of OSG, with an incremental gain of 0·050 QALYs, resulting in an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of $18 846 (€11 398) per additional QALY gained from LSG. In the DSA, results were most sensitive to changes in postoperative utility, operating theatre and equipment costs, as well as duration of surgery and hospital stay. PSA showed that the likelihood of LSG being cost-effective at willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50 000 (€30 240) per QALY and $100 000 (€60 480) per QALY was 64 and 68 per cent respectively. Secondary analysis using European and North American clinical inputs resulted in LSG being dominant (cheaper and more effective) over OSG, largely due to reduced length of stay after LSG.

Conclusion

In this decision analysis model, LSG was cost-effective compared with OSG for gastric cancer.
Stakeholder perception of reverse logistics practices on supply chain performance
Authors: Pushpamali NNC , Agdas Duzgun , Rose Timothy M. , Yigitcanlar Tan
Published: August 2020

Managing supply chain performance is essential for value generation to stakeholders. Nonetheless, this process has become overly complicated due to environmental concerns that lead to policy changes, customer preferences, and business activities. Reverse logistics is an environmentally friendly practice that can be critical in improving the environmental performance of construction operations. This paper examines the perceived role of reverse logistics practices on supply chain performance criteria—for example, cost, quality, time, flexibility, and environment. Semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 senior industry experts from South East Queensland, Australia. Interview transcripts were analyzed by coding, categorizing, and identifying the interconnected relationships among concepts. In general, the experts perceive that reverse logistics practices significantly reduce the sourcing cost of materials compared with new materials. When used materials meet industry specifications, they are expected to have a similar performance without affecting the construction time or the overall quality of the project while protecting the environment. Nevertheless, the flexibility is found to be somewhat difficult. It is likely that reverse logistics can be instrumental in construction should the industry uptake be substantial with an emphasis on used material quality and acceptance criteria. Hence, a quantitative analysis is encouraged for future research.
Retracted: SLCO4A1‐AS1 promotes cell growth and induces resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by modulating miR‐4701‐5p/NFE2L1 axis to activate WNT pathway
Authors: Wei Yuxuan , Wei Li , Li Jiwei , Ma Zeheng , Zhang Quan , Han Zhijun , Li Saisai
Published: August 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) possessed essential functions in the biological behaviors of various human cancers. SLCO4A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLCO4A1‐AS1) is a lncRNA that has been reported as a oncogenic regulator in colorectal cancer and bladder cancer. However, whether it exerted functions in the gene expression and cellular processes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains still obscure. In the present research, we unveiled the high level of SLCO4A1‐AS1 in LUAD tissues and cells. Moreover, functional assays indicated that SLCO4A‐AS1 facilitated LUAD cell proliferation, motility, and cisplatin‐resistance. Besides, mechanism investigation revealed that miR‐4701‐5p could interact with SLCO4A1‐AS1 and directly target to NFE2L1. The expression correlation between miR‐4701‐5p and SLCO4A1‐AS1 or NFE2L1 was found to be negative. Moreover, NFE2L1 was expressed at a same tendency with SLCO4A1‐AS1 in LUAD tissues and cells. In addition, it was confirmed that NFE2L1 was involved in SLCO4A1‐AS1‐mediated activation of WNT pathway. According to rescue assays, NFE2L1 could involve in SLCO4A1‐AS1‐mediated LUAD cell growth. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that SLCO4A1‐AS1 facilitated cell growth and enhanced the resistance of LUAD cells to chemotherapy via activating WNT pathway through miR‐4701‐5p/NFE2L1 axis.
Delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer
Authors: Smith‐Graziani Demetria , Lei Xiudong , Giordano Sharon H. , Zhao Hui , Karuturi Meghan , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana
Published: August 2020

Background

Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits early‐stage breast cancer (BC) patients. Older women receive guideline‐adherent treatment less frequently and experience treatment delays more frequently. We evaluated factors associated with delaying adjuvant chemotherapy and the delays’ survival impact in a large population–based cohort of elderly BC patients.

Methods

Patients age >66 years diagnosed 2001‐2015 with localized or regional BC were identified in the SEER‐Medicare and Texas Cancer Registry‐Medicare databases. Time from surgery to chemotherapy (TTC) was categorized into four groups: 0‐30, 31‐60, 61‐90, and >90 days. We identified predictors of delays, estimated overall (OS) and BC‐specific (BCSS) survival, and determined the association between TTC and outcome adjusting for other variables.

Results

Among 28,968 women (median age 71 years), median TTC was 43 days. 10.7% of patients experienced TTC >90 days. Older age, Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, unmarried status, more comorbidities, hormone receptor‐positivity, mastectomy, Oncotype DX testing, and full state buy‐in were associated with increased risk of delay. Five‐year OS estimates by TTC group were 0.82, 0.81, 0.80, and 0.74, respectively (p<.001). BCSS demonstrated a similar trend (p<.001). Chemotherapy delay was associated with worse OS (HR=1.33, 95%CI 1.25‐1.40) and BCSS (HR=1.39, 95%CI 1.27‐1.53). In subgroup analysis, delayed chemotherapy was associated with worse OS and BCSS among patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR=1.56, 95%CI 0.97‐2.51), HER2‐positive (HR=1.99, 95%CI 1.04‐3.79), and triple‐negative (HR=2.15, 95%CI 1.38‐3.36) tumors.

Conclusion

Chemotherapy delays are associated with worse survival in older BC patients. Providers should avoid delays and initiate chemotherapy ≤90 days after surgery regardless of patients’ BC subtype or age.
Apoptosis‐inducing factor deficient mice fail to develop hepatic steatosis under high fat high fructose diet or bile duct ligation
Authors: Sahu Parul , Mohan K. Varsha , Aggarwal Savera , Arindkar Shailendra , Mahesh Kumar Jerald , Kumar Upadhyay Pramod , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Nagarajan Perumal
Published: August 2020

Apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in redox signalling and programmed cell death. The role of AIF has been well recognized in diabetes and obesity. However, the aspect of AIF deficiency in the development of hepatic steatosis and liver injury is unknown. Therefore, in the current study, Harlequin (Hq mutant) mouse with markedly reduced content of AIF was investigated to explore the role of AIF on the initiation of liver injury. The wild type (WT) developed physiological and pathological features of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that were not seen in the Hq mice with AIF deficiency, when fed on high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Following bile duct ligation (BDL), the liver associated pathological changes were less conspicuous in Hq mice as compared to WT mice. The expression of AIF protein and apoptosis was markedly lesser as compared to their respective control in Hq mice on HFHF diet. Furthermore, the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were also altered in the group of treated Hq mice. In conclusion, Hq mice failed to develop diet induced hepatic steatosis, suggestive of a role of AIF mediated pathway in the initiation and progression of liver inflammation. Thus, partial loss of AIF appears to be hepatoprotective.

Significance of the study

AIF deficiency has multiple roles in altered pathology processes and cellular metabolism, thereby compromising the cellular homeostasis. Considering the molecular functions of AIF in other organ pathology little is known about its role in diet induced liver injury. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of AIF deficiency in liver injury and diseases with focus on NAFLD. The study will help to deliniate the mechanisms of NAFLD using Harliquin Mice.
Insight into the Electrooxidation Mechanism of Ethylene Glycol on Palladium‐Based Nanocatalysts: In Situ FTIRS and LC‐MS Analysis
Authors: Da Silva Rodrigo Garcia , Rodrigues de Andrade Adalgisa , Servat Karine , Morais Cláudia , Napporn Teko W. , Kokoh Kouakou B.
Published: August 2020

The ethylene glycol oxidation reaction on nickel and ruthenium modified palladium nanocatalysts was investigated with electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chromatographic methods. These carbon‐supported materials, prepared by a revisited polyol approach, exhibited high activity towards the ethylene glycol electrooxidation in alkaline medium. Electrolysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) measurements allowed us to determine the different compounds electrogenerated in the oxidative conversion of this two‐carbon molecule. High value‐added products such as oxalate, glyoxylate, and glycolate were identified in all electrolytic solutions, whereas glyoxylate was selectively formed at the Ru45@Pd55/C electrode surface. In situ FTIRS results also showed a decrease in the pH value in the thin layer near the electrode as a consequence of OH− consumption during the spectroelectrochemical experiments.
The Missing Link in the Magnetism of Hybrid Cobalt Layered Hydroxides: The Odd–Even Effect of the Organic Spacer
Authors: Oestreicher Víctor , Hunt Diego , Dolle Christian , Borovik Paula , Jobbágy Matías , Abellán Gonzalo , Coronado Eugenio
Published: August 2020

A dramatic change in the magnetic behaviour, which solely depends on the parity of the organic linker molecules, has been found in a family of layered CoII hydroxides covalently functionalized with dicarboxylic molecules. These layered hybrid materials have been synthesized at room temperature using a one‐pot procedure through the epoxide route. While hybrids connected by odd alkyl chains exhibit coercive fields (Hc) below ca. 3500 Oe and show spontaneous magnetization at temperatures (TM) below 20 K, hybrids functionalized with even alkyl chains behave as hard magnets with Hc>5500 Oe and display a TM higher than 55 K. This intriguing behaviour was studied by density functional theory with the incorporation of a Hubbard term (DFT+U) calculations, unveiling the structural subtleties underlying this observation. Indeed, the different molecular orientation exhibited by the even/odd alkyl chains, and the orientation of the covalently linked carboxylic groups modify the intensity of the magnetic coupling of both octahedral and tetrahedral in‐plane sublattices, thus strongly affecting the magnetic properties of the hybrid. These findings offer an outstanding level of tuning in the molecular design of hybrid magnetic materials based on layered hydroxides.
Simulation of Methanol and Urea Production from Catalytic Conversion of Steel Mill Gases
Authors: Schlüter Stefan , Geitner Christian
Published: August 2020

The time‐dependent operation of methanol, ammonia, and urea production units embedded in a steel mill environment is analyzed with dynamic simulation models. From different process concepts and gas availability scenarios, a set of simulation cases is defined with blast furnace gas as carbon and coke oven gas as hydrogen source. Dynamic simulations indicate that significant CO2 reductions require large amounts of additional H2 from sustainable sources. From the results, global data such as carbon footprint or energy demands and details about process unit operation are obtained and processed.
Biodegradation of catechol by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from petroleum‐impacted soil
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Shen Siyang , Lin Yen‐Han
Published: August 2020

Bioremediation strategies have been applied to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) impacted sites. Introducing PHC degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and enhancing the in‐situ nutrients availability (biostimulation) are widely used strategies. These strategies can be combined to lead to a better bioremediation performance. In this work, Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from a PHC impacted site. Through a 23 factorial design plan, the effect of various combinations of nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate ions on the PHC bioremediation performance by P. fluorescens was investigated using catechol, an essential metabolic intermediate of BTEX degradation, as the sole carbon source. The maximum specific catechol degradation rate was chosen as the response to evaluate the catechol bioremediation performance. The ANOVA results indicated that the presence of nitrate ions alone lowered the maximum specific catechol degradation rate, which can be explained by the accumulation of nitrites and ammonia during the denitrification process by P. fluorescens. It was noted that dosing sulphate ions alone did not affect the bioremediation performance, which indicates P. fluorescens can grow in a sulphur‐limited environment. In contrast, the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions together can lead to a higher specific catechol degradation rate. This may be caused by the presence of sulphate that can suppress the production of nitrites. The importance of phosphate ions on catechol biodegradation was investigated. The absence of phosphate led to incomplete biodegradation. Introducing phosphate ions can accelerate catechol degradation, which can be explained by the secretion of organic acids.