bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils
Authors: Pham Tuan A. , Sutman Melis
Published: January 2022

The prediction of shear strength of unsaturated soils remains a significant challenge due to their complex multi-phase nature. In this paper, a review of prior experimental studies is first presented in order to outline important pieces of evidence, limitations and some design considerations. Then, an overview of existing shear strength equations is summarised, with a brief discussion. A micromechanical model with stress equilibrium conditions and multi-phase interaction considerations is presented to provide a new equation for predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils. The validity of the proposed model is examined using published shear strength data for different soil types. The shear strength predicted by the analytical model was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and to provide high performance in comparison with existing models. Evaluation of the results using two criteria – the average relative error and the normalised sum of squared error – proved the effectiveness and validity of the proposed equation. Using the proposed model, a non-linear relationship between shear strength, saturation degree, volumetric water content and matric suction was observed.
Comparisons of treatment protocols for SARS-COV-2 in early pandemic: Single center experience ın Turkey
Authors: ALKAN Sevil , ÖNDER Taylan , ŞENER Alper , DOĞAN Ebru , GÖNLÜGÜR Uğur , ŞİMŞEK Tuncer , ÇETİN Adil Uğur , YÜKSEL Buse
Published: January 2022

Objective: In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the COVID 19 treatment protocols applied in our hospital in terms of side effects and 28-day mortality.
Methods: All 621 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 and treated with any drugs were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for patients were hospitalization with COVID-19 diagnosis and being over 18 years old. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the treatments against COVID-19: Group 1 (only favipiravir), Group 2 (hydroxychloroquine (HQ)+ Azithromycin (AZ), Group 3 (only HQ), and Group 4 (HCQ+AZ +antibiotics). The gender, age, medications, underlying comorbidities, possible side effects due to the treatments (cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity), and mortality rates were evaluated.
Results: There was no difference in terms of side effects between treatment groups. Mortality rates were lowest in the HQ+AZ group. HCQ+AZ treatment was the most effective treatment protocol.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the higher mortality rate due to favipiravir may be due to the administration of this drug only to critically ill patients during the initial period of the pandemic.
A Log-Beta Rayleigh Lomax Regression Model
Authors: Badmus Nofiu Idowu , Akinyemi Mary Idowu , Onyeka-Ubaka Josephine Nneamaka
Published: January 2022

For the first time, a location-scale regression model based on the logarithm of an extended Raleigh Lomax distribution which has the ability to deal and model of any survival data than classical regression model is introduced. We obtain the estimate for the model parameters using the method of maximum likelihood by considering breast cancer data. In addition, normal probability plot of the residual is used to detect the outliers and evaluate model assumptions. We use a real data set to illustrate the performance of the new model, some of its submodels and classical models consider in the study. Also, we perform the statistics AIC, BIC and CAIC to select the most appropriate model among those regression models considered in the study.
Nano porous systems for storing hydrogen-based clean fuel
Authors: Harsh Prashar
Published: January 2022

Rapid growth in population, Concerns about the industrial revolution, environmental and energy issues are growing, and are urging the use of clean, renewable energy sources to ameliorate the dire situation. Hydrogen is an ideal synthetic fuel because it is light, very broad, and is an oxidation product (water), i.e. environmentally friendly, but storage problems remain [1-3].
Imię Stanisław i jego derywaty w ojkonimii Polski w aspekcie historyczno-kulturowym
Authors: Górny Halszka
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to Polish deanthroponymic oikonyms created from the name Stanisław and its derivatives. The aim of the paper was to show the frequency of one of the most popular male names and its numerous derivative forms in place names, both the oldest ones, created by the end of the 16 th century, and newer ones, created later in the 18 th century, and especially in the 19 th and in the first half of the 20 th centuries. The name Stanisław was the basis of few (approx. 10) toponyms (patronymic with the suffix -ice, possessive with -j-, -ów, -owo) included in the oldest naming layer. Many more medieval oikonyms (about 30) have as their basis the derivatives of the name Stanisław (Stan/Stań, Staniek, Stańko, Stasz(o), Staś, Stanisz, Stachel, Stanięta, *Stanom(a), *Stanim(a), *Staniątek). These are possessive names with suffixes -ew, -ewo, -ów, -owo, -owa, -in, -ówka, patronymic names ending with -owice, -ewice, -ęta and plural names Stany, Staniątki. The 18 th century bestowals refer to 9 place names from the name Stanisław and about 9 from its derivatives, while approx. 70 oikonyms with a full name in the base and approx. 20 toponyms motivated by shortened form of compound name come from the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Many of names are certainly related to the cult of St. Stanislaus. Among them there are also names commemorating King Stanisław August Poniatowski and founders of settlements. Over a dozen toponyms were officially introduced after 1945 to replace German or Germanized names with Polish ones.
Śląskie nazwy geograficzne motywowane nazwami kolorów
Authors: Lech-Kirstein Danuta
Published: January 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu są nazwy geograficzne Śląska z elementem kolorystycznym. Analizie zostały poddane polskie i niemieckie nazwy odapelatywne obiektów zamieszkanych i niezamieszkanych, a także oronimy i hydronimy. Użyty w tytule termin element kolorystyczny rozumiany jest szeroko jako każdy element nazywający kolor, pochodzący od nazwy koloru czy uruchamiający asocjacje z nazwą koloru. W części analitycznej opisane są poszczególne nazwy kolorów będące podstawami nazw własnych wraz z ich znaczeniami, konotacjami i prototypami. Następnie przedstawione są nazwy geograficzne, w których określenia kolorów są elementami zestawień, zrostów i złożeń, a także podstawami nazw derywowanych. W celu uwypuklenia pewnych zjawisk wzięto też pod uwagę nazwy spolszczone i przejściowe. Poza podstawowymi kolorami określającymi Śląsk (takimi jak: czarny, zielony, biały, czerwony) bazami nazw własnych mogą być barwy niepodstawowe, jak złoty, srebrny, miedziany, rudy a także rzadsze: purpurowy, krasny, krwawy, lazurowy, szary, siwy czy szady. Analiza pozwala wyciągnąć wnioski, że elementy kolorystyczne są ważnymi określeniami właściwościowymi: nie tylko ukazują rzeczywistą paletę barw, lecz także zachowują obraz ukształtowania powierzchni, hydrografię i naturalne cechy krajobrazu wraz z występującymi na tym terenie minerałami, kruszcami i glebami, a także mogą być nośnikami wartościowania i emocji.
Interferencje językowe i kulturowe w przemyskiej urbanonimii
Authors: Myszka Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Przemyśl to miasto, które od zarania dziejów było grodem granicznym między Królestwem Polskim a Rusią Kijowską. Na tym terenie przez stulecia ścierały się wpływy różnych języków, wyznań, narodowości, a liczne ślady tych interferencji możemy obserwować w toponimii regionu. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile skomplikowane stosunki językowo-narodowo-religijne znalazły odzwierciedlenie we współczesnym i dawnym nazewnictwie miejskim, które jest młodsze i bardziej zmienne niż nazewnictwo miejscowe. Analizowano wpływ lokalizacji grodu na nazewnictwo, badano odbicie w urbanonimach stosunków narodowościowych (pogranicze etniczne) i religijnych (wielowyznaniowość mieszkańców miasta), a także interferencje językowe. Przeprowadzona analiza pokazała, że skomplikowana przeszłość regionu ma niewielki wpływ na teraźniejszość nazewniczą, ale nie jest bez znaczenia. Wpływy języka i kultury mniejszości etniczno-wyznaniowych najmocniej zaznaczają się w sferze religii, mniej wyraźnie są natomiast w nazwach lokalizujących, kulturowych i pamiątkowych.
Katowice – Stalinogród: W klimacie dyskusji naukowych i sporów ideologicznych
Authors: Sochacka Stanisława
Published: January 2022

Tematem pracy jest przegląd materiału nazewniczego dotyczącego z jednej strony etymologii nazwy miasta Katowice (1598), z drugiej genezy wtórnej nazwy Stalinogród (1953) związanej z kultem Stalina. Zdecydowano się na przedstawienie dwu przeciwstawnych „zdarzeń historycznych”: naturalnego procesu nazwotwórczego, ukazującego autentyczne losy nazwy Katowice i odgórnej ingerencji politycznej zmieniającej nazwę stolicy Górnego Śląska na Stalinogród, budzącej w Polsce tyle negatywnych emocji. Polacy dobrze zdawali sobie sprawę z tego, czym jest upamiętnianie własnych postaci, a czym innym czczenie obcego władcy. Każde miasto o dynamicznym rozwoju, a takim były Katowice, trafiało na podatny grunt do wszelkiego rodzaju zmian o charakterze ideologicznym. Przykład Katowic i Stalinogrodu ujawnił najbardziej agresywne tendencje władzy socjalistycznej rzeczywistości i zmiany świadomości społecznej. Wokół genezy nazwy Katowice narosło wiele kwestii spornych. Wiadomo, że uczeni nie zawsze dochodzą szybko do zgodnych wniosków. Nie ma w tym ani nic osobliwego, ani niecodziennego, ale mają olbrzymie konsekwencje metodologiczno-badawcze. Ukazuje to stan badań i dyskusja językoznawców na temat nazwy Katowice, prowadząca ostatecznie do poznania prawdy o genezie nazwy tego miasta. Natomiast przykład Stalinogrodu pokazuje, że mamy tu do czynienia z innymi faktami poznania historycznego, które stały się domeną badań historyków.
Gwarowe formy nazwisk kobiet w komunikacji internetowej
Authors: Kucharzyk Renata
Published: January 2022

Nazwiska w oficjalnym obiegu występują w urzędowo zatwierdzonej formie i nie mogą być dowolnie zmieniane. W komunikacji potocznej niekiedy podlegają pewnym przeobrażeniom, co ma wpływ na ich wartość komunikacyjną. W artykule zanalizowano jeden typ przekształceń nazwisk w komunikacji internetowej, a mianowicie tworzenie nieoficjalnych form nazwisk kobiet z wykorzystaniem wybranych gwarowych sufiksów marytonimicznych. Rozważania zostały ograniczone do grupy nazwisk kobiet uczestniczących w życiu politycznym. Nazwiska kobiet polityków ukształtowane według gwarowych schematów tworzenia formacji marytonimicznych w komunikacji internetowej funkcjonują jako ekspresywizmy, które mogą pełnić różne funkcje, z których najważniejsze to funkcja wartościująca, perswazyjna, ludyczna i identyfikująca.
Communicating with brand names in the sustainable Finnish fashion industry
Authors: Sjöblom Paula
Published: January 2022

The global textile industry has a significant environmental impact since the current system for producing, distributing and using clothing exhausts natural resources. However, while there has been a growing awareness of negative environmental impacts among customers, more and more clothing companies have aligned themselves with the principles of sustainability. This paper investigates whether and how clothing companies express the notion of environmental sustainability in their names. The data consist of 114 company and brand names in the sustainable Finnish textile industry, supplemented with information taken from the webpages of these companies. The analysis focuses on the semantic features of the names, and it is based on a cognitive-discursive view and metaphor theory. The choice of language has been examined as part of name semantics. Many companies have written the story behind the brand name on their website. Names can convey direct notions of sustainability and circular economy (Pure Waste, Relove, Upcycler). Names that consist of words referring to nature (Cocoon house, Weekendbee) have an indirect relation to corporate sustainability. Some names consist of a personal name, which underlines the responsibility of the brand, or a place name, which may highlight locality. Valuing local production is also behind the choice of Finnish as the language of the name.
Polskie i ukraińskie nazwy producentów słodyczy i ich wyrobów w ujęciu kontrastywnym
Authors: Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest specyfika polskich i ukraińskich nazw słodyczy, motywów ich kreacji i uwarunkowań społeczno-polityczno-kulturowych, które miały wpływ na ich uformowanie. Analiza porównawcza wykazała, że nazwy polskie, jak i ukraińskie w zbliżony sposób kreują nazywane produkty. Informują potencjalnego klienta o wnętrzu produktu (tj. zawartości wyrobu, jego smaku, a także typie i gatunku słodyczy) oraz o zewnętrznej stronie wyrobu, tj. jego fakturze, kształcie, a także funkcji. Kolejne elementy charakterystyki wykraczają poza fizycznie doświadczalny obiekt. Dotyczą jego cech rynkowych, kreują immanentnie zaprogramowaną w nazwie postać adresata. Nie tylko precyzują jego postać (kibic sportowy, student, dziecko, dorosły, osoba starsza), sugerują również porę dnia i roku, podczas której można kosztować określonych produktów. Doprecyzowują miejsce oraz okazję ewentualnej degustacji, podkreślają istotne wartości produktu spożywczego, którymi są lokalność, regionalizm i oryginalność. Nazwy ukraińskie ten regionalizm wyrażają na dwa sposoby: w nawiązaniach do dawnych nazw marek z czasów ZSRR i ich tłumaczeniu na język ukraiński, oraz – w zdecydowanie mniejszym stopniu w porównaniu z nazwami polskimi – przez rodzime nazwy deproprialne. W ukraińskiej przestrzeni marketingowej bardzo popularne są też nazwy obcojęzyczne (w tym egzonimy), zarówno w grupie określeń odapelatywnych, jak i odproprialnych. Zwraca uwagę dwujęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjska nazw zamieszczanych na jednym produkcie, stanowiąca pokłosie długotrwałego związku Ukrainy z ZSRR. W materiale ukraińskim liczniej reprezentowana jest kategoria nazw od określeń kolorów oraz tytułów utworów literackich i bohaterów bajek. Różnice w kreacji polskich i ukraińskich nazw wynikają z odmiennej historii, polityki językowej, gospodarczej, stosowanej grafii i mają charakter częściej ilościowy niż jakościowy.
Wielokulturowość w nazwach — multikulturalizm w onomastyce. Nowe perspektywy: Recenzja książki „Names and Naming. Multicultural Aspects” (Red. Oliviu felecan, Alina Bugheşiu)
Authors: Skowronek Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

The text deals with the problem of multiculturalism as a concept which functions in social sciences and humanities; it also functions in onomastic research and in the theory of onomastics. The author in her reflection refers to the recently published monograph “Names and Naming. Multicultural Aspects” edited by O. Felecan and A. Bugheşiu (Palgrave Macmillan 2021, pp. 490). In the first part of the article, the author briefly explains the most important concepts related to this issue, including: globalization, glocalization, transethnicity, cultural hybridity. She draws attention to the changes in their understanding in contemporary humanities and social sciences. She presents the most important assumptions of the monograph and the possibilities of including the important concept of multiculturalism into onomastic research carried out all over the world. In the described studies, proper names become an important determinant of individual and group/ethnic identity. The second part of the article presents detailed concepts and research approaches presented in the volume, concerning e.g. proper names in the USA, Russia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Nigeria. The third part discusses the texts of Polish authors, with particular emphasis on Professor Barbara Czopek- ‑Kopciuch’s (1952‒2020) “Multiculturalism in Polish Toponymy”, which is her last onomastic text. In conclusion, the author pays attention to the application of the notion of multiculturalism in empirical research and in theoretical reflection in onomastics. She stresses the necessity of interdisciplinary research in this field.
Experience in the diagnosis of potentially epileptogenic encephalocele of small sizes using high-resolution multiplanar MRI
Authors: Marinets A. A. , Bronov O. Yu. , Karpov O. E.
Published: January 2022

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Time-Lapse Monitoring of Daily Velocity Changes in Binchuan, Southwestern China, Using Large-Volume Air-Gun Source Array Data
Authors: Luan Yi , Yang Hongfeng , Wang Baoshan , Yang Wei , Wang Weitao , Yang Jun , Li Xiaobin
Published: January 2022

Temporal changes of seismic velocities in the Earth’s crust can be induced by stress perturbations or material damage from reasons such as strong ground motion, volcanic activities, and atmospheric effects. However, monitoring the temporal changes remains challenging, because most of them generally exist in small travel-time differences of seismic data. Here, we present an excellent case of daily variations of the subsurface structure detected using a large-volume air-gun source array of one-month experiment in Binchuan, Yunnan, southwestern China. The seismic data were recorded by 12 stations within ∼10 km away from the source and used to detect velocity change in the crust using the deconvolution method and sliding window cross-correlation method, which can eliminate the “intercept” error when cutting the air-gun signals and get the real subsurface variations. Furthermore, the multichannel singular spectral analysis method is used to separate the daily change (∼1 cycle per day) from the “long-period” change (<1 cycle per day) or noise. The result suggests that the daily velocity changes at the two nearest stations, 53277 (offset ∼700 m) and 53278 (offset ∼2.3 km), are well correlated with air temperature variation with a time lag of 5.0 ± 1.5 hr, which reflects that the velocity variations at the subsurface are likely attributed to thermoelastic strain. In contrast, both daily and long-period velocity changes at distant stations correlate better with the varying air pressure than the temperature, indicating that the velocity variations at deeper depth are dominated by the elastic loading of air pressure. Our results demonstrate that the air-gun source is a powerful tool to detect the velocity variation of the shallow crust media.
FrosPy: A Modular Python Toolbox for Normal Mode Seismology
Authors: Schneider Simon , Talavera-Soza Sujania , Jagt Lisanne , Deuss Arwen
Published: January 2022

We present free oscillations Python (FrosPy), a modular Python toolbox for normal mode seismology, incorporating several Python core classes that can easily be used and be included in larger Python programs. FrosPy is freely available and open source online. It provides tools to facilitate pre- and postprocessing of seismic normal mode spectra, including editing large time series and plotting spectra in the frequency domain. It also contains a comprehensive database of center frequencies and quality factor (Q) values based on 1D reference model preliminary reference Earth model for all normal modes up to 10 mHz and a collection of published measurements of center frequencies, Q values, and splitting function (or structure) coefficients. FrosPy provides the tools to visualize and convert different formats of splitting function coefficients and plot these as maps. By giving the means of using and comparing normal mode spectra and splitting function measurements, FrosPy also aims to encourage seismologists and geophysicists to learn about normal mode seismology and the study of the Earth’s free oscillation spectra and to incorporate them into their own research or use them for educational purposes.
Sigma metrics in quality control- An innovative tool
Authors: Koshy Juby Sara , Raza Afsheen
Published: January 2022

The clinical laboratory in today’s world is a rapidly evolving field which faces a constant pressure to produce quick and reliable results. Sigma metric is a new tool which helps to reduce process variability, quantitate the approximate number of analytical errors, and evaluate and guide for better quality control (QC) practices.

To analyze sigma metrics of 16 biochemistry analytes using ERBA XL 200 Biochemistry analyzer, interpret parameter performance, compare analyzer performance with other Middle East studies and modify existing QC practices.

This study was undertaken at a clinical laboratory for a period of 12 months from January to December 2020 for the following analytes: albumin (ALB), alanine amino transferase (SGPT), aspartate amino transferase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), bilirubin total (BIL T), bilirubin direct (BIL D), calcium (CAL), cholesterol (CHOL), creatinine (CREAT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose (GLUC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total protein (PROT), uric acid (UA) and urea. The Coefficient of variance (CV%) and Bias % were calculated from internal quality control (IQC) and external quality assurance scheme (EQAS) records respectively. Total allowable error (TEa) was obtained using guidelines Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act guidelines (CLIA). Sigma metrics was calculated using CV%, Bias% and TEa for the above parameters.

It was found that 5 analytes in level 1 and 8 analytes in level 2 had greater than 6 sigma performance indicating world class quality. Cholesterol, glucose (level 1 and 2) and creatinine level 1 showed >4 sigma performance i.e acceptable performance. Urea (both levels) and GGT (level 1) showed <3 sigma and were therefore identified as the problem analytes.

Sigma metrics helps to assess analytic methodologies and can serve as an important self assessment tool for quality assurance in the clinical laboratory. Sigma metric evaluation in this study helped to evaluate the quality of several analytes and also categorize them from high performing to problematic analytes, indicating the utility of this tool. In conclusion, parameters showing lesser than 3 sigma need strict monitoring and modification of quality control procedure with change in method if necessary.
Estimation of urinary delta aminolevulinic acid levels in gasoline and petrol pump workers as an index of lead exposure
Authors: Patharkar Sachin , Patil Neelam , Thorat Siddhesh , Nerurkar Alka , Shinde Umesh , Chougule Laxman , Sanap Jalinder , Shinde Kalpana
Published: January 2022

Lead poisoning is a phenomenon which with growing globalization is being a subject of worry.ALA i.e Amino levulinic acid is a precursor of hemoglobin, which is synthesized in mitochondria by two main components succinyl Co-A and glycine in presence of ALA-S i.e. amino levulinic acid-synthase. Urinary ALA (ALA-U) has been a recommended biomarker for lead exposure. Inhibition of Amino levulinic acid-dehydratase (ALA-D) results into activation of ALA-S which further synthesizes ALA, excess of ALA is accumulated in the blood, plasma, urine. Present manuscript is focused on the estimation of levels of ALA in the urine of gasoline and pertol pump workers, by acidifying the urine to extract out ALA and reading it colorimetrically as they are exposed to fumes released by gasoline, petrol, and petroleum products which contains lead. Awareness and safety measures such as protective masks and gears should be provided by the respective organisations to the workers.
A study on evaluating blood urea and serum creatinine in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sankeerthi C H S L V , Biri Sai Ravi Kiran , Rani T Sandhya , Gundu Rajkumar , Vadlakonda Aravind
Published: January 2022

Diabetes is one of the leading causes for end stage renal disease and nephropathy. Increases of blood urea and serum creatinine are due to abnormal renal function and also reduction in glomerular filtration rate. So, Urea and Creatinine are the ideal biomarkers to correlate the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the study is to evaluate the blood urea & serum creatinine with HbA1C in Diabetes mellitus patients.

: A total of 50 cases and 30 controls were selected in our study. Blood samples were collected for blood urea, serum creatinine, HbA1C, Fasting plasma glucose and Post prandial blood sugar with age limit of 35-65 years. Mean ±SD was calculated for all these parameters.

Blood urea and Serum creatinine are statistically significant in Diabetic patients when compared to the controls.

Our study shows that blood urea and serum creatinine can be used as biomarkers in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. These parameters help in reducing the severity of renal failure.
GABA: A critical player for regulating synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis
Authors: Mishra Mamata , Seth Pankaj
Published: January 2022

During aging, the decrease of cognitive ability is believed to be the cause of age related neuronal damage and reduced proliferation and differentiation of adult-born neural precursor cells. To modulate the synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis, it is of immense importance to enhance the potential of resident neural stem cells of hippocampus and sub ventricular zone (SVZ). The necessity to restore brain functions is enormous in the neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer, Parkinson diseases, stress induced cognitive dysfunction, depression and age-associated and HIV-associated dementia. As a pioneer transmitter, Gamma Amino Butaric Acid (GABA) influences the activity dependent adult neurogenesis and excites immature neurons in adult hippocampus. GABA holds the key for making adult immature neuron to mature functional neuron hence plays critical role in adult neurogenesis.

This review aims to discuss about the spatio-temporal expression of various subunit of GABA-A receptor and how these subunits intimately modulates the synaptic plasticity.

During developmental period GABAergic neurons mature at early stages and regulate overall neural activity much before the activity of glutamate. Not only during development but also during adult neurogenesis GABA plays a significant role in neurite outgrowth and establishing well network.
Edge detections of MER Signals of STN with DBS micro electrode local field potential acquisitions in Parkinson`s
Authors: Rama Raju Venkateshwarla
Published: January 2022

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a highly effective treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Sub thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a therapeutic surgical procedure for reducing the symptoms Parkinson’s and restoring and increasing the motor functioning. However, precise intraoperative edge or perimeter detection of STN remains a procedural challenge. In this study, we present the micro electrode signals recordings (MER) of STNs and local field potentials (LFPs) were acquired from deep brain stimulation macro electrodes during trajectory towards STN, in Parkinson patients. The frequency versus intensity atlas of field potential activity was obtained and further than investigated in distinct sub band’s, to explore whether field potentials activity can be employed for STN edge detection. STN perimeter detections by means of L F Ps were evaluated to edge predictions by way of the functional stereotactic DBS neurosurgeon, based on micro electrode derived, single unit recordings (M E R – S N A of S T Ns). The findings show variation amongst M E R – S N A and macro electrode L F P-signals gathering through MER-system pertaining to the d o r s a l S T N b o r d e r of -1.00±0.85mm plus -0.42±1.08 mm in the and frequencies, correspondingly. For these sub band`s, root mean square of the voids was found to be 1.27milli meters and 1.07milli meters. The Assessment of other sub band`s didn`t set a limit for differentiating the posterior (c a u d a l) point of sub-thalamic nuclei. We may infer that In conclusion, macro electrode signal acquisitions of STNs derived L F P gatherings might offer an unconventional methodology in the direction of m e r – s n a, for detecting the aimed target subthalamic nucleus borders during DBS-surgery.
Covid-19 induced optic neuritis – A case report
Authors: Bansal Priyanshu , Sehgal Vineet , Bhalla Lucky , Arora Shaifali
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 illness is an evolving disorder, and many extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported. With this report, we are highlighting one of the neuro-ophthalmologic complications of Covid-19. We report a case of 16 years old boy who presented with complaints of rapid loss of vision and retroorbital pain in the Right eye during recovery from Covid -19 infection. Clinically, radiologically, CSF, Blood, and all other investigations suggest Probable Covid -19 Right Eye Optic Neuritis. The patient showed remarkable recovery following steroid therapy. This report aims to add a case to the limited literature available on Optic Neuritis following Covid-19 infection.
Prevalence of DFU among diabetic patients and its management
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sai Prasanna S. , Charishma R. , Satya Divya R. , Sowjanya R. V. V.
Published: January 2022

: To study the prevalence of DFU among diabetic patients and the management of DFU among diabetic patients.

: Prospective observational study.

: The study was conducted in inpatients with diabetes of all departments and inpatients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) of surgical department of age 20 to 80 of both genders with sample size 150 were included from September 2019 to march 2020.

The prevalence of DFU among diabetic patients was 16%. Among them more diabetic cases were seen in age group of 50-59 and DFU in 40-49 and More diabetic cases are observed in male compared to female. DFU observed equally and the most common causative organism for DFU was staphylococcus aureus followed by proteus species, klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa and more cases of DFU were noticed in diabetic patients with duration of 6-10 years. As the main cause of DFU is infection the primary treatment is anti microbial therapy and the most prescribed class of antibiotics is cephalosporins followed by nitroimidazoles, penicillins, oxazolidinones, lincosamides etc. surgical procedures like debridement, amputation and sometimes both were done in 9,14,1 patients respectively.

: Our study revealed the information regarding the prevalence of DFU among diabetic patients is due to lack of knowledge and uncontrolled diabetes may develop poor circulation which leads to wound that may heal slowly which leads to DFU.
Effect of mulmina mango as an adjunct to standard of care treatment on COVID-19 positive subjects undergoing treatment for COVID-19 in hospital quarantine (Dedicated Covid Health Centre)
Authors: Madhu M.S. , Ahmed S.M. , Raghavendra. K.V.
Published: January 2022

There are no approved drugs to treat COVID-19, and the vaccine is likely to be ready by early 2021. Many clinical studies are ongoing around the globe to find a cure or prevention of the disease.

The objective of the proposed study is to determine the efficacy and safety profile of Mulmina Mango as an adjunct to standard of care treatment on COVID-19 positive subjects undergoing treatment for COVID-19 in Hospital Quarantine. Settings and Design: The enrolled subjects were randomized into either of the two treatment arms in the ratio of 1:1. The freshly diagnosed (24-48 hrs.) COVID-19 positive Male or Female is aged 20 to 65 years (both inclusive) hospitalized patients were approached and checked for their eligibility.

They were recruited after signing the written informed consent form. The number of patients included in the study is 48.

In efficacy, both the treatment arms and the reduction in clinical symptom scale value and ordinal scale value are seen on day 7.

On the ordinal scale, 41.7% of subjects in Treatment arm A showed a reduction of 2 points on the day, and 16.7% of subjects show 2 points reduction in Treatment arm B. In Safety results, there was no clinically significant finding in safety parameters in Treatment arm B.

Mulmina Mango showed encouraging results concerning RTPCR, CRP, Dopamine, IgG, CD4, and CD8 parameters. The properties of Mulmina Mango are highlighted below, along with the parameters for each property.

Mulmina Mango, COVID-19, Treatment Arm A, Treatment Arm B, MoHFW (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare)
Noticias del BID: Vol. 9, no. 10, diciembre 1982
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 9, no. 8, octubre 1982
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Automation of the development of ontologies of scientific subject domains based on ontology design patterns
Authors:   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Zagorulko Yu.A. , Sidorova E.A. ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Zagorulko G.B. ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Akhmadeeva I.R. ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, Sery A.S. ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: January 2022

At present, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). However, the development of an ontology is a rather complicated and timeconsuming process. All indications are that when developing SSDs ontologies, it is especially effective to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). This is due to the fact that the SSD ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical fragments, which are well described by the ODPs. In addition, due to the fact that the use of ODPs greatly facilitates the development of an SSD ontology, it is possible to involve experts in a modeled SSD not possessing the skills of ontological modeling. To obtain an ontology that adequately describes the SSD, it is necessary to process a huge number of publications relevant to the modeled SSD. It is possible to facilitate and accelerate the process of populating the ontology with information from such sources by using the lexical and syntactic patterns of ontological design. The paper presents an approach to the automated development of SSDs ontologies based on a system of heterogeneous ODPs. This system includes both ODPs intended for ontology developers and lexical and syntactic patterns built on the basis of the above-mentioned types of the ODPs and the current version of the SSD ontology.
Food variety, dietary diversity and perceived hunger among lactating women (0-6 months postpartum) in a low socio-economic area in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Ongosi AN , Gericke G , Oelofse A , Mbuthia E ,   Egerton University, Kenya
Published: January 2022

Breastfeeding has profound benefits for the child and has always been the gold standard for infant feeding. It is also an integral part in the physiologic completion of the reproductive cycle of mammals, including humans and the most energetically demanding phase of human reproduction. Therefore , it is important to determine the nutritional status of lactating women and guide them to optimal health since depleting maternal nutrient stores during lactation poses a risk of malnutrition to the mother . This study was conducted among lactating women to assess domestic hunger, food variety and dietary diversity in order to obtain information that can be used in nutrition intervention programs for optimising breast feeding. It w as a descriptive cross -sectional survey carried out at Mbagathi District Hospital which is located at the edge of Kibera slum area (Nairobi). Convenience sampling was used in selecting 120 lactating women who volunteered and consented. The hunger scale was used for assessing domestic hunger and a 24 – hr recall (NFCS, 1999) was analysed for food variety and dietary diversity . Perceived hunger corresponded with narrow food variety and dietary diversity. The women had a mean Food Variety Score of 6.6 ( ± 2.0) and Dietary Diversity Score of 4.3 ( ± 1.0). The mean adequacy ratio (excluding niacin) was 0.74. The lowest median nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for calcium was (0.41) and folic acid (0.59). The NAR for energy was 0.62. The highest frequency of consumption (100%) was from cereals, tubers/roots, other vegetables and oils/fats. Vitamin A rich vegetables/fruits (6.6%) and dairy products (1.7%) had the lowest frequency of consumption. Overall, 35.8% of households were food secure while 64.2% were either hungry (5 or more positive responses) or at risk of hunger (1- 4 positive responses) (36.7% and 27.5% respectively).There seems to be a need for well designed nutrition intervention programs focusing on nutrient intake from culturally acceptable and affordable foods to increase dietary diversity of lactating women in this low socio -economic area, which will eventually improve their nutritional status.
Acceptability of chicken powder in home prepared complementary foods for children in Ghana
Authors:   University of Georgia, Anderson AK , Bediako-Amoa B ,   University of Ghana, Steiner-Asiedu M ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2022

The persistent problem of childhood malnutrition and growth faltering in sub-Saharan African countries such as Ghana despite food aid intervention programs, suggests rethinking of the content and mode of delivery of such food programs. While several food programs and formulations exist for the treatment and management of childhood malnutrition, most are neither culturally appropriate nor easily accessible to families at the household level. There is, therefore, a need for a food product that can be tailored to a particular culture and local food produce which provides the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients in adequate amount and is easy to use at the household level to prevent malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of incorporating chicken powder into the Ghanaian child’s everyday meal. Participants in the study included mothers and their pre-school age children. The chicken powder was incorporated into a breakfast meal (“Tom Brown”) and lunch/supper meal (rice and gravy) on weight basis according to predetermined proportions of the raw ingredients. Each meal consisted of a control sample (not containing chicken powder) and 3 test samples containing different amounts of chicken powder (15%, 20% and 25% by weight). Overall, both mothers and children rated both control samples highest compared to their respective test sample for preference. Interestingly, mothers were able to tell the differences in the test samples, but the children could not tell the difference between the test samples by the content of the chicken powder according to the results of the test for homogeneity. The results from the acceptability test as well as individual observation by the research team suggest that chicken powder can be used as animal source protein in the treatment and management of malnutrition by incorporating it into common staple foods. According to findings of this study, parents are more likely to incorporate the chicken powder (an animal source quality protein) in their children’s diet, if not for the entire family. The incorporation of chicken powder into complementary foods will improve the nutritional value, especially the protein and micronutrient content.
Knowledge, use and sensory evaluation of red palm oil ogi by caregivers in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors:   University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria, Adewuyi OA , Abu JO , Amuta EU , Abu GA , Iombor TT , Ingbian EK
Published: January 2022

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the major public health challenges in many developing countries affecting mainly children under 5 years of age and contributes to severity of life-threatening infections such as diarrhoea and measles. Over the years, several effective strategies have been adopted to combat vitamin A deficiency with the attendant challenge of sustainability. Food-based approaches based on vitamin A-rich, locally available food sources are considered sustainable and could help in filling this gap. The use of red palm oil among other locally available pro-vitamin A foodstuffs is recommended for incorporation into complementary foods given to children under 5 years of age by health workers in Nigeria. This study was conducted to ascertain the level of awareness, use and sensory evaluation of red palm oil ogi (a cereal-based porridge) by caregivers of under-fives within Makurdi, Nigeria. Data were obtained through a cross-sectional survey and two focus group discussions. The survey involved 100 respondents that were purposively sampled from three well patronized health facilities rendering post-natal services in Makurdi. The results of the survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The focus group discussions involved 17 members in two separate groups and responses were sorted and summarized. The results show that though caregivers consider red palm oil as a taboo-free cooking ingredient, knowledge on its use in ogi was low (11%). However, some caregivers were willing to adopt red palm oil ogi provided the method of preparation is demonstrated and presents no adverse effects on the child. Ogi prepared with 5 and 10% red palm oil (w/v) scored 6.8 and 6.6 for maize, 5.9 and 6.0 for millet, respectively for overall acceptability on a 9-point Hedonic scale while ogi without red palm oil was the most acceptable. This study has identified low awareness in the use of red palm oil ogi among caregivers of under-fives in Makurdi; ignorance about red palm oil’s nutritional benefits and appropriate preparation methods as well as actual concentration of red palm oil to be employed as some of the critical gaps in the use of red palm oil ogi in alleviating the burden of vitamin A deficiency among children under 5 years of age in Makurdi, Nigeria.
Aflatoxins contamination in processed cassava in Malawi and Zambia
Authors:   Mansa Agricultural Research Station, Zambia, Chiona M , Ntawuruhunga P ,   IITA Malawi, Benesi IRM ,   Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Malawi, Matumba L ,   Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Malawi, Moyo CC ,   IITA Malawi
Published: January 2022

Strains of the Aspergillus fungi, especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus , primarily produce aflatoxins which are a major health concern to man and livestock because of their acute and chronic health effects . Aflatoxins pose the greatest risk to health in tropical Africa because of their widespread prevalence and high toxicity ; carcinogenic (cause liver and esophageal cancer) effect , immune system suppressing and anti - nutritional contaminants in many food commodities and even cause death. Aflatoxins have also been reported to compromise vaccine efficacy in experimental animals . Due to the seriousness of aflatoxins, international agencies have restricted levels of aflatoxins to 20 ppb in food materials as the maximum permissible level in the United States and 4 ppb total aflatoxins and under 2 ppb aflatoxin B1 in Europe. These regulations directed at minimizing human exposure to aflatoxins results in severe economic loss to producers, processors and marketers of the contaminated crop. A study was conducted in Malawi and Zambia to assess the level of fungal and mycotoxins ’ contamination in commonly processed cassava products. A total of 92 and 88 samples of processed cassava products comprising makaka , flour, kanyakaska , kadonoska , scrapes and grates were collected in the rainy season of 2008 and 2009 in Malawi , respectively. Further , 22 samples of processed cassava products comprising dried cassava chips and flour were collected in the rain y season of 2009 in Zambia . The samples were analyzed for fungal and aflatoxin s B1, B2, G1 and G2 contamination using the Romer mini -column method and the VICAM AflaTest immunoaffinity fluorometric method. None of the samples in 2008 w ere contaminated with aflatoxins . Similar results were obtained in 2009 with al most all the samples in Malawi and Zambia having aflatoxin levels much lower (<2.0 μg/kg in Malawi and <4.2 μg/kg in Zambia ) than the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) maximum permissible level of aflatoxins of 10.0 μg/kg , implying that the cassava products analyzed were safe for human consumption. However, further studies are needed to cover a larger sample size over a period of a year to represent all seasons in the cassava producing and consuming areas and conclusively make certain the safety of these products for human consumption.
Reintegracja społeczno-zawodowa w czasie pandemii
Authors: Prorok Lucyna
Published: January 2022

Od marca 2020 roku wiele elementów życia społecznego i gospodarczego na skutek pandemii koronawirusa uległo znacznym przeobrażeniom, co nie ominęło również ekonomii społecznej i solidarnej. W związku z tym w poszczególnych podmiotach ekonomii społecznej podejmowano liczne czynności osłaniające i wspierające uczestników działań integracyjnych i aktywizujących. Głównym celem tych przedsięwzięć było utrzymanie aktywności oraz motywacji do pracy uczestników zajęć w centrach i klubach integracji społecznej, zakładach aktywności zawodowej, warsztatach terapii zajęciowej.
Polityka transportowa na paradygmatycznym rozdrożu. Socjologiczna analiza dokumentów strategicznych europejskiej i polskiej polityki transportowej
Authors: Przybylski Bartłomiej Kacper
Published: January 2022

Artykuł analizuje europejską i krajową politykę transportową z punktu widzenia przyjmowanych w nich celów i zgodności z ideą zrównoważonego transportu. Autor podejmuje próbę ocenienia, na ile podmioty odpowiedzialne za kształt krajowej polityki transportowej traktują ideę zrównoważonego transportu jako istotną ideologiczną inspirację, a na ile jest to tylko hasłowa deklaracja nieznajdująca potwierdzenia w kierunkach szczegółowych działań. Obszary tej oceny obejmują społeczne aspekty funkcjonowania systemu transportowego: wpływ na rozwój gospodarczy, zagadnienie spójności społecznej i dostępności komunikacyjnej, zagadnienie ochrony środowiska i jakości życia oraz kwestię bezpieczeństwa użytkowników systemu transportowego. Artykuł zawiera wstępne wnioski z socjologicznej analizy desk research, prowadzonej na podstawie analizy treści dokumentów strategicznych krajowej i europejskiej polityki transportowej, a także analizy danych zastanych pochodzących z polskiej i europejskiej statystyki publicznej.
Is Polish patients’ fear too big to be true? Emotions expressed by patients on medical portals
Authors: Łaska-Formejster Alicja
Published: January 2022

The article examines the question of emotions experienced by patients, users of medical portals, who “found themselves” in the complex structure of the healthcare system in Poland, emotions arising from interactions with medical professionals, and in the process of experiencing the course of disease. Statements published by users of medical portals/internet forums were analyzed. The research sample consisted of 15 medical portals with high level of activity of registered users. The analysis was based on statements describing the situation (or its context, or actions of participants involved in the interactions) determining the experienced emotions.