bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Digital Economy
Authors: Bazzoun Mohammed
Published: January 2020

Five major technology trends have collided to shape what is becoming known as the digital economy: Hyper-connectivity, supercomputing, cloud computing, cyber security, and smart products have created a world where the traditional boundaries of products vs. service offerings no longer exist. Individuals, businesses, and societies are connecting in real time, creating a world that is more collaborative, intelligent, and responsive.

Fortunately, the oil and gas industry has been highly automated and digitized for decades. Yet the technology powering the digital economy is taking connectivity to a new level, transforming nearly every aspect of operations and customer engagement. Early adopters are growing shareholder and stakeholder value faster than their peers while those failing to adapt are falling behind. Staying ahead of the curve means taking a hard look at existing practices and reimagining everything from business models and processes to work management solutions.
Effectiveness of Implementing Traffic Rules and Regulations Regarding Republic Act 10586 in Cabanatuan City
Authors: Cruz Mary Chris Austria
Published: January 2020

The Land Transportation Office (LTO) has an ADDA provision which is known as the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 or R.A 10586. This is where the part of the service standards and regulations of LTO came from. Anti-Drunk and drugged driving act of 2013 is an Act penalizing personâ€™s driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and other similar substances. And for other purposes, it means that this republic act aims to reduce and prevent vehicular accident, loss of life and damage to property and this study also aims to determine the effectiveness of Implementation of Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 of how does it affects the driver and the society.

     After conducting the research procedure, the researcher found out that in Implemented Rules and Regulation, the Motorist/Drivers and the LTO Enforcers described it as being often obey and well performed of their duties and responsibilities regarding R.A 10586, but there is significance difference between the response of both respondents.

     However, the findings of this study have led the researcher in determining the effectiveness of implementing traffic rules and regulation and awareness of the Motorist/Drivers in driving of the said Implemented Rules and Regulations.
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Terhadap Perkecambahan Cendana (Santalum album L.) Secara In Vitro di Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Solle Hartini Realista Lydia , Nitsae Merpiseldin , Ledo Mellissa Erlyn Stephanie
Published: January 2020

Cendana (Santalum album L.) merupakan tanaman hutan penghasil kayu di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tanaman ini merupakan spesies endemikyang mempunyai keunggulan kadar minyak dan produksi kayu teras yang baik. Minyak cendana yang dihasilkan memiliki aroma yang harum sehingga banyak digemari. Kayu cendana digunakan sebagai bahan dasar parfum, sabun, ukiran dan kemenyan. Keberadaan cendana di NTT saat ini jumlahnya semakin menurun karena eksploitasi oleh penduduk setempat. Upaya pemulihan tanaman cendana NTT telah banyak dilakukan, seperti usaha pengembangan dengan penanaman cendana dari pembibitan maupun pemeliharaan anakan yang berasal dari penyebaran secara alami akan tetapi usaha tersebut tidak cukup berhasil. Untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut, perbanyakan tanaman melalui kultur jaringan menjadi salah satu cara terbaik dalam upaya konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian POC terhadap pertumbuhan biji cendana secara invitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) pada medium Murashige and Skoog (MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi 2 mL POC nasa pada medium MS berdampak baik terhadap perkecambahan Cendana (Santalum album  L.) dengan konsentrasi 2 mL yang merupakan konsentrasi optimal.  Respon perkecambahan ditunjukan pada 14 hari setelah ditanam pada medium MS.
Keragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Berenuk (Cresentia cujete L) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Atmodjo Kianto
Published: January 2020

Berenuk (Crescentia cujete Linn, suku Bignoniaceae ) merupakan tumbuhan yang sebarannya  di daerah tropis.  Arango-Ullao (2009) menemukan dan membagi 8 ragam buah tumbuhan ini  di daerah Colombia. Di Filipina  berenuk dikenal sebagai salah satu tumbuhan obat ajaib  Semua bagian tumbuhan ini  dapat dimanfaatkan  dari sebagai obat, perabot rumah tangga dan hiasan. Di Indonesia, berenuk banyak dijumpai, namun keberadaannya terancam punah karena masyarkat tidak mengetahui manfaatnya, bahkan dianggap berbahaya sebagai racun dan akhirnya ditebangi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan, keberagaman dan pemanfaatan berenuk oleh masyarakat Indonesia yang diawali dari Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat dan mendatangi lokasi yang dianggap ada tumbuhan ini. Bila tumbuhan ini ditemukan didata morfologis buahnya dan dicari informasi  pemanfaatannya dari orang disekitar tumbuhan ini berada. Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak bulan September  2018 sampai dengan april 2019 di lakukan di daerah Sleman,Kulon Progo, Bantul, Gunungkidul dan Kota madya Yogyakarta. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah berenuk lebih dikenal dengan nama daerah maja (pahit) dijumpai di semua Kabupaten dan Kotamadya di daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam kondisi terancam punah. Ada 4 macam variasi tumbuhan berdasarkan bentuk buahnya yaitu lonjong, bundar,dan  sphaeris, serta seperti ginjal.Ukuran buah mancapai 3,5 kg yang terbesar dengan keliling sekitar 30 cm. Tumbuhan buah lonjong hanya dijumpai di daerah kota madya Yogyakarta, 5 pohon. Masyarakat daerah kulon progo memanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak, di Bantul untuk minuman fermentasi, di Sleman untuk pestisida dan pupuk. Usaha  Pengenalan pengolahan buah berenuk dan merasakan manfaatnya sebagai obat sakit perut, asma, masuk angi dan gula di daerah Sleman telah dilakukan. Usaha ini berdampak dan telah mendorong masayarakat menanam dan mencegah penebangan berenuk.
The Resolution of Tax Disputes and International Tax Arbitration
Authors: Juanpere Benja Anglès
Published: January 2020

Globalisation and the digital economy have revolutionised the world’s markets and international transactions, some of which manage to escape national jurisdictions and bilateral treaties between States. With the lack of multilateral agreements, certain taxpayers, multinationals in particular, have managed to slip through the net of individual countries’ tax regulations and been able to reduce their tax payments. To resolve tax disputes between taxpayers and States, with the chief goals of avoiding double taxation and not being subject to any tax jurisdiction, a number of multilateral measures have been instituted, including—amongst other mechanisms—binding international tax arbitration proceedings. The OECD and the EU are fostering the implementation of such measures, whose goal is to prevent tax avoidance and achieve a fair spread of tax burdens on an international level.
Electronic-Acquisition Software’s Key Factors And Subsequent Impact: Points Of View From User’s
Authors: Khalique Rehan , Asim Muhammad , Manzoor Salman
Published: January 2020

Electronic-Acquisition Software’s  implies the usage of data and correspondence advances utilizing the Internet to do all phases of the Procurement procedure. The greater part of the organizations execute this new arrangement of Electronic-Acquisition Software’s  and they are succeeding while many come up short. This examination was completed on surveying Electronic-Acquisition Software’s  achievement factors among some Steel Companies of Pakistan. The target of the examination decides the achievement factors impacting the accomplishment of Electronic-Acquisition. This investigation included a semi-organized meeting from the acquirement administrators of chose associations for the distinguishing proof of accomplishment factors in their associations. Expressive methodology was embraced to locate the significant components that impact the accomplishment of Electronic-Acquisition Software’s  , from eight organizations a sample size of (150) respondents took an interest for the quantitative information assortment through a study survey. SPSSv22 is utilized to break down the gathered information and different examination are performed. It is uncovered from the examination that the entirety of the associations have embraced Electronic-Acquisition Software’s  with rehearses like e-sourcing, notice and offering on the web offer accommodation and proposition accommodation however because of uneducated market and feeling awkward in utilizing new framework at provider/merchant end a portion of the practices are not begun like e-installments.
Media’s Portrayal of Homosexuality and Rape as a Reflection of Cultural Acceptance?
Authors: Touitou Tina C.
Published: January 2020

The study focuses on media’s portrayal of homosexuality as a reflection of cultural acceptance in the society. The first representation of gay men in the United States to a national audience occurred in 1967 with the airing of a documentary titled “The Homosexuals,” which is filled with harmful, derogatory stereotypes etc. The fact that homosexual characters were mostly guest stars as opposed to leading characters also suggests that gay activist were taking a less radical approach by attempting to improve acceptance of homosexual. In Nigeria, homosexuality is a taboo, abnormal and not accepted. The media can and has with some degree of success helped break down the cultural taboos associated with sensitive sexual topics and bridge some gaps in our sexual knowledge. The paper adopted empirical secondary data, and employed cultivation theory. It proved that the media have power in shaping people’ believe and perception, and can form or modify the public opinion in different ways depending on what the objective is. For example, Pakistani media influenced the opinion against the Taliban in Swat by repeated telecast of a video clip showing whipping of a woman by a Taliban. Before that, the public opinion over the military action against the Taliban was divided, but repeated telecast of this short video clip changed the public opinion overnight in favor of the government to take action. The paper recommended that the media should take a firm stand, not playing two-edge sword on  the reportage of homosexuality, and should remain a ‘watchdog’ and the ‘mirror’ of the society.
Discovering XML Conditional Dependencies for Data Quality Issues
Authors: Hakawati Mohammed Ragheb , Yacob Yasmin , Amir Amiza , Mohammed Jabiry M. , Jadaa Khalid Jamal
Published: January 2020

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is emerging as the primary standard for representing and exchanging data, with more than 60% of the total; XML considered the most dominant document type over the web; nevertheless, their quality is not as expected. XML integrity constraint especially XFD plays an important role in keeping the XML dataset as consistent as possible, but their ability to solve data quality issues is still intangible. The main reason is that old-fashioned data dependencies were basically introduced to maintain the consistency of the schema rather than that of the data. The purpose of this study is to introduce a method for discovering pattern tableaus for XML conditional dependencies to be used for enhancing XML document consistency as a part of data quality improvement phases. The notations of the conditional dependencies as new rules are designed mainly for improving data instance and extended traditional XML dependencies by enforcing pattern tableaus of semantically related constants. Subsequent to this, a set of minimal approximate conditional dependencies (XCFD, XCIND) is discovered and learned from the XML tree using a set of mining algorithms. The discovered patterns can be used as a Master data in order to detect inconsistencies that don’t respect the majority of the dataset.
Data Cleaning Model for XML Datasets using Conditional Dependencies
Authors: Hakawati Mohammed Ragheb , Yacob Yasmin , A. Raof Rafikha Aliana , Jabiry Mustafa M.Khalifa , Alhudiani Eiad Syaf
Published: January 2020

Data Cleaning as an essential phase to enhance the overall quality used for decades with different data models, the majority handled a relational dataset as the most dominant data model. However, the XML data model, besides the relational data model considered the most data model commonly used for storing, retrieving, and querying valuable data. In this paper, we introduce a model for detecting and repairing XML data inconsistencies using a set of conditional dependencies. Detecting inconsistencies will be done by joining the existed data source with a set of patterns tableaus as conditional dependencies and then update these values to match the proper patterns using a set of SQL statements. This research considered the final phase for a cleaning model introduced for XML datasets by firstly mapping the XML document to a set of related tables then discovering a set of conditional dependencies (Functional and Inclusions) and finally then applying the following algorithms as a closing step of quality enhancement.
Figuring out the Varieties in Reporting News with an Eye on Translation and Semiotics
Authors: Abdulwahid Huda Y.
Published: January 2020

Although most of the people focus on the written message and forget about other non-verbal messages, some researchers keep looking for other signal that might send some messages but are stronger enough to affect the readers. This research is an attempt to figure out the size of the blackout that we experience in the world concerning reporting  news.  The reasons behind such vagueness are the factors encompassed in delivering the news  like the translator’s viewpoint and signs translation.  The semiotic approach has been used to shed light on these elements and to raise the attention of readers before taking every little news guaranteed.
Estimating Factors Affecting the Sustainable Environmental Development
Authors: Ahmed Ali Sh.
Published: January 2020

An issue of Sustainable Environmental Development has occupied a wide range of interests of researchers and economists in some developing countries. The environmental issues are tightly linked to the development policies and the environmental grasp is no longer a matter of social welfare, but rather is a matter of economical; social and human dimensions. The research displays a concept of sustainable development, then estimating the impact of two variables: the economic development and the bio-ecological system on the sustainable development of some countries, including Iraq according to the fact that “increasing demand for foods and products in these countries has led them towards the intensive usage of natural resources which has, eventually, impairs the rates of development and contributes in the deterioration of bio-ecological system and impairs the sustainable development. The results of the analysis showed that the environmental ecosystem variable has a greater impact on sustainable environmental development than the economic development variable, which means that the environmental situation of some countries, especially the developing countries, continue to deteriorate, requiring all specialists and governments to make efforts to preserve the ecosystem for future generations.
محركات الامن الشرق الاوسطي للمدة 1979-2018
Authors: Salih Raad Q.
Published: January 2020

مستقبل الامن الشرق اوسطي صعب التنبؤ به ، وايةُ محاولة لقديم مشاهد في المستقبل القريب قابلة للتحقق ، لا بد لها ان تحلل اهم الاحداث في الماضي القريب، والتي تمتلك مؤثرات ما زالت فاعلة زمنها يتعدى الحاضر الى المستقبل المنظور او البعيد ، ويمكننا ان نطلق على هذه المؤثرات محركات تفضي الى تدعيم، او تصديع الامن في الشرق الاوسط . المحللون في الامن الشرق اوسطي لا يمكنهم تغاطي الدور المؤثر للقوى الدولية التي تقف بشكل كبير خلف خلق هذه المؤثرات اضافة الى عوامل موضوعية محلية واقليمية اخرى غالباً ما تدعم التدخل الدولي حيث تشكل منطقة الشرق الاوسط اكبر مركز استقطاب لسياسات القوى العظمى في ظل غياب نظام شرق اوسطي يقف امام التدفق المتواصل لهذا التأثير، وكان هذا العامل خلف انتاج قضايا دولية معاصرة تثير اهتمام دول عديدة في العالم ، ولا يمكن لأي دولة منفردة ان تحل أي قضية من هذه القضايا ، مثل القضية الفلسطينية ، والقضية الكوردية ، وقضية الارهاب ، وقضية الحروب المحلية التي تؤدي الى حروب اقليمية بسبب تداعيات الطائفية السياسية، ونزاعات الحدود والمياه ، وانتهاك حقوق الاقليات، وحقوق وحريات الانسان، والهجرات الشرعية، وغير الشرعية ، وتوسع الجرائم المنظمة والجرائم الاجتماعية ، التي  شكلت مدخلات لبروز وانتشار وبقاء هذه المحركات. كل هذه القضايا تتفاعل وكأنها محركات تولد ازمات ، مشاكل، نزاعات، صراعات كانت وما تزال تؤثر سلباً في استقرار الامن في منطقة الشرق الاوسط. ان البحث في هذه المحركات في اطار زمني يمتد من 1979 ولغاية 2018 جاء بسبب تميز هذه الحقبة بمحركات رتبت مع غيرها في منطقة الشرق الاوسط ، ومناطق اخرى من العالم  تبدل النظام الدولي من ثنائي القطبية الى احادي القطبية، ثم الى فوضى قد تفضي الى نظام دولي متعدد الاقطاب.
الذكاء الجسمي حركي وعلاقته بأداء بعض مهارات جهاز المتوازي لطلاب المرحلة الثالثة في التربية الرياضية
Authors: Abdulqader Hawder D. , Hussein Afaqet K.
Published: January 2020

إن البحث الحالي هو دراسة مهمة حول إبراز أهمية الذكاء الجسمي الحركي في الجمناستك الفني، والبحث حول نوعية العلاقة بمهارات قيد البحث (الكب الخلفي ، الدحرجة الامامية فتحا، الوقوف على الكتفين الامامي )على جهاز المتوازي وعليه فقد  تم التساؤل حول العلاقة بين الذكاء الجسمي حركي و مهارات قيد البحث على جهاز المتوازي  لطلاب المرحلة الثالثة في سكول التربية الرياضية بجامعة كوية.    ويهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على مستوى الذكاء الجسمي حركي ومهارات(الكب الخلفي ، الدحرجة الامامية فتحا، الوقوف على الكتفين) لدى عينة البحث. وأيضاً التعرف على العلاقة بين الذكاء الجسمي حركي ومهارات قيد البحث.    أستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب العلاقات الارتباطية الذي يستخدم من أجل تحديد العلاقة بين متغيرين. وأشتملت عينة البحث على طلبة المرحلة الثالثة في كلية التربية/ سكول التربية الرياضية إذ بلغ عدد العينة ( 30 ) طالبا وهم يمثلون مجتمع البحث بنسبة ( 75% ).      وبعد توزيع أستمارة الاستبيان الذكاء الجسمي الحركي واجراء اختبارات للمهارات المبحوثة لدى عينة البحث تم الحصول على البيانات وتم تفريغها ومعالجتها إحصائيا ومن ثم تم التوصل إلى الاستنتاجات التالية: أظهرت النتائج لعينة البحث وجود مستوى جيد من الذكاء الجسمي الحركي في مهارة الكب من المرجحة الخلفية والدحرجة الامامية فتحا، فيما أظهرت النتائج مستوى غير جيد من الذكاء الجسمي الحركي  لمهارة الوقوف على الكتفين. وجود علاقة معنوية ايجابية بين الذكاء الجسمي الحركي وجميع مهارات قيد البحث على جهاز المتوازي
التفوق الاستراتيجي
Authors: Mahdi Inas D. , Mohammad Muataz A.
Published: January 2020

يمثل موضوع التفوق الاستراتيجي احد المواضيع التي لاقت اهتمامها الواضح في الدراسات السياسية ، ولعل ذلك يعود الى اهميته في حياة الدول وخاصة تلك التي تحاول ان يبني قوتها الفعلية في النظام الدولي والتي تحاول ان تحضى بمكانة بارزة في المجتمع الدولي وتسعى للوصول الى مستويات عليا من التاثير في القرار العالمي ، وهي تعلم ان ذلك لن يحدث الا اذا بلغت مستويات من القوة تؤلها لان تحتل موقع استراتيجي في السياسة العالمية. صحيح ان العلاقات الدولية شهدت ولمدد مختلفة هيمنة قوة معينة على شؤون التفاعلات الدولية،ولكن تلك الحالة لم تدم طويلا، اذ كانت تلجأ دائما الى مسألة التفوق سبيلا لايجاد التكافؤ في طبيعة العلاقات فيما بينها،وهكذا استمرت هذه العملية في اطار الجدلية في امكانيات القوة الكامنة والشاملة لدى الدول التي تخوض غمار التنافس والتفوق الاستراتيجي في مختلف المجالات العسكرية والاستراتيجية.في ابعادها المختلفة سواء كانت محلية او اقليمة او دولية.
په‌یوه‌ندی رێبازی صۆفیگه‌ری عه‌ددوییه‌كان به‌ ده‌سه‌ڵاتدارانی مه‌مالیكه‌وه‌له‌سه‌ره‌تای دامه‌زراندنیه‌وه‌ تا ساڵی(741ك/1134ز)
Authors: Yaseen Hamza K.
Published: January 2020

زانستيَكة بايةخ و طرنطي بة ثاككردنةوةى دلَ و دةروون دةدات ، ئامانجيشي خؤ دوور طرتنة لة هةموو كاريَكي نا ثةسةند و نةشياو ،  زؤر جاريش بةم زانستة طوتراوة (علم الحقيقة) (حاجي خليفة ،1980 )، كة تيَيدا مةبةست ليَي ويَلَ بوونة بةدواي خوداي حقيقي ، ئامانجيش خؤ نزيك كردنةوةية لة خودا و خؤ دوور طرتنة لةو كار و كردةوانةى كةخةلَكي ديكة ئةنجامي دةدةن.و زؤرجاريش صؤفييةكان نازناوي ( الفقراء) (ابن فضل الله ، 2003) (ظهير : 2008 ) يان (غرباء) و (سياحين ) يان لة خؤيان ناوة (الكلاباذي:2001) (الحميد ،1999) ( شرف ، 1980)  بووني ئايني جياواز و هاتنة ناوةوةي خةلَكانيَكي دوور لة ئاين و بةتابةتيش مةماليكةكان و دواتريش لة ذيَر كاريطةري فةلسةفةي يوناني و ئةفلاتوني بةشيَك لة صوفييةكان و شويَنةكةوتوانيان لة رِيَبازي ثيرؤزي ئيسلام و قورئان و فةرموودة لاياندا , كة سةرئةنجام زاناياني ئيسلامي كةوتنةدذايةتي كردنيان ، لة ثيَشةوةي ئةو زانايانةي كة زؤر بةتوندي دذي صوفي و رِيَبازةكاني صؤفي طةري وةستايةوة (ابن التيمية)(661ك-728ك)(1263ز-1328ز) بو كة زؤر بويَرانة لةبةرامبةر ثيَشيَلكاري و خراثي بيرو باوةر و كارو كردةوةي صوفيةكان وةستايةوة.ئةم تويَذينةوةية لة دةرِوازة و دوو تةوةري سةركي ثيَك ديَت كة لة دةروازةكةدا تيشك خراوةتة سةر باروودؤخي ريَبازي صوفيطةري سةردةمي مةماليك و هؤكارةكاني طةشة كردن و فراوان بووني ريَبازة صوفيطةريةكاني ئةو سةردةمة ، لةتةوةري يةكةم ذيانامةي بةشيَك لة صؤفيةكاني رِيَباي صؤفيطةرايي عةدووييةكان باسي ليَوة كراوة ، هةرضي تةوةري دووةم تايبةت كراوة بة ثةيوةندي نيَوان دةسةلاَتداراني مةماليك و صؤفيةكاني عةدوييةكان و بةدريَذي  ليَيي دوواوين
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УСТАНОВОК ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ГЕОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАЧ (ЧАСТЬ 03 МЕТОДИКА МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ: НА ОСНОВЕ ОПЫТА РАБОТЫ НА ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОЙ УСТАНОВКЕ РУТ (МИИТ))
Authors: ЗАЙЦЕВ АНДРЕЙ
Published: January 2020

В данном препринте, третьем по порядку в серии работ, раскрывающих технологию применения установок центробежного моделирования для решения геотехнических задач приводятся данные составляющие методику моделирования, в т.ч. рекомендуемые масштабы моделирования и определяющие параметры обобщенные на основе опыта работы на установке центробежного моделирования РУТ (МИИТ) в первую очередь д.т.н., профессора Яковлевой Т.Г., инженера Иванова Д.И. и других специалистов.
Method of detecting virus-encoders in computer system using analysis of their behavior
Authors: Kaliev Arthur , Marenkov Alexandr
Published: January 2020

The article considers the low efficiency of existing methods of ransomware fighting. The importance of developing new approaches to the ransomware identification in computer

systems (CS) is substantiated. Heuristic analysis methods are considered as new approaches to ransomware detecting. A new technique for ransomware detecting is based on the analysis of changes in CS parameters. Using machine-learning methods there have been constructed models, which allow detecting ransomware attacks on the computer system. The aim of the experiment was to obtain a model that has the highest percentage of ransomware attacks detection and the least number of false triggering. The machine learning lgorithms used for research are the following: naive Bayes classifier, multilayer neural network, support vector machine, CatBoost gradient boosting algorithm. To build the models training datasets written in Python programming language were used. The raining datasets were collected as a result of experiments with the most popular virus-encoders. The following typical metrics were selected as key metrics for the effectiveness of machine learning models: precision, recall, F1-metric, accuracy, AUC. In the course of experiments, the values of the error matrices were formed and the main indicators of the model quality metrics were obtained. In addition to the classification efficiency metrics, the average time for performing classification operations for each of the models is given. During the process of model training and testing it was revealed that the best model for detecting ransomware is that built on the CatBoost algorithm. The conclusions were drawn about the possibility of applying the approach to detect the ransomware attacks on various computer systems.
Approach to assessment of firmware security under fuzzy input data
Authors: Iuganson Andrei , Zakoldaev Danil
Published: January 2020

The article highlights the issues of security and software security, which turn to be secondary in the design and development of software tools in order to please the speedy launch

of the software product on the market. Due to the fact that the cost of eliminating security defects is higher in the late stages of design, the scientific problem of assessing software security under high uncertainty has been considered. The functional requirements for security of the firmware are given. A new approach is proposed for assessing the firmware security. The subject of research is a firmware designed to control various devices and microcontrollers. Based on GOST R 56939-2016 “Information security. Secure software development. General requirements” there have been developed the security requirements (qualitative and quantitative) for the embedded software, the assessment of which allows determining the level of security of the firmware as a whole. The fuzzy logic apparatus was used to optimize the assessment process in conditions of possible uncertainty, inconsistency, incompleteness and qualitative nature of the input data. The proposed method will help minimize the economic risks at the stages of operation and maintenance of embedded systems.
Theoretical Approaches to the Notion of Empireness in Foreign Studies of Post-Colonialism
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Senior Lecturer, Department of Oriental and Romance-Germanic Languages, Faculty of Eurasia and East, Chelyabinsk State University, Yazovskaya Olga Valeryevna
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses the actualizing of the concept of an empire in the framework of foreign studies of Post-Colonialism by raising the question of necessi-ty for expansion of the conceptual apparatus, which would allow it to define modern imperial projects by incorporating the concept of empireness into it. For this, the works of a number of authors are analyzed, one way or another mentioning the concept of imperialism and revealing it. The defi-nition of imperiality is considered in the work of Mark Beyssinger, the refinement of imperiality in the framework of typologies of empires by Helen Meixis Wood is made, the main features of imperialism in the works of Herfried Münkler and Rainer Rilling are highlighted. The presented positions allow us to define the concept of imperialism as a variable quali-ty or the distinctive features and properties of a state that claims to dominate the globalized world.
Modern Trends in the Planning of Socio-Economic Development of the Territory: Spatial Aspect
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Antipin Ivan Alexandrovich
Published: January 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of strategies for the socio-economic development of megacities of the Russian Federation in terms of the availability and elaboration of their spatial development issues. It has been established that at present there is no single understanding of the spatial development processes, these processes are understood and occur in different ways in each city. Modern versions of the strategies for socio-economic development of the largest cities of the Russian Federation are di-vided into three groups according to the elaboration of their spatial development aspects in this work. A proposal was formulated on the need to adopt common methodological approaches to the for-mation (development and updating) of socio-economic development strategies of megacities, including spatial development issues in order to unify and improve the effectiveness of strategic planning processes in the Russian Federation is formulated.
Violation of the Right to Protection: Separate Issues of Criminalization, Penalization and Differentiation of Liability
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Viskov Nikolay Viktorovich
Published: January 2020

The study is focused on specific issues of the grounds for criminalizing violations of the right to protection, with relevant circumstances being con-sidered in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The paper also analyses the problem of penalization of these acts and differentiation of criminal liability for their commission. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the right to protection, on the one hand, and the lack of adequate criminal guarantees for its implementation, on the other. The scientific novelty of the research, among other things, comprises the findings, including not only proposals for the formulation of dispositions of articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but moreover, concrete de-cisions on the construction of sanctions of the legal norms on liability for named acts and the design of qualified elements of a crime.
AFRICA’S EXTERNAL TRADE RELATIONS: FROM DEPENDENCE TO AGENCY?
Authors: LE PERE Garth
Published: January 2020

Africa’s development and growth challenges will increasingly be shaped by Agenda 2063 and the African Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) as new continental blueprints for integration. These challenging blueprints must also be situated in the role and shifting interests of Africa’s external trade and development partners. This relates particularly to its historically-defined engagements with the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) which have only served to reinforce and underscore Africa’s marginality and dependence. These engagements are rendered more complex with the entry of China and India onto the African geo-political landscape, especially whether these two countries provide an alternate regime for trade and development cooperation that give African countries greater decision-making agency, policy space, and strategic choice. Given these shifting vectors, this article will assess Africa’s trade relations with two of its most important traditional partners, the EU and the US; and with two of its most important emerging partners, China and India. These analytical portraits have direct implications for Africa’s future industrial development and economic growth and the extent to which it can collectively move away from a history of external dependence to determining its own destiny.
REALPOLITIK IN THE AFRICA – ONE CHINA NEXUS, 2001-2008: THE CASES OF CHAD AND MALAWI
Authors: NDZENDZE Bhaso
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates whether there was an opportunity cost for two African states (Chad and Malawi) in recognising the Republic of China (ROC) as the One China over the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the period between 2001 and their respective year of switching, which in turn could explain the direction of the switches. In this paper, opportunity cost was operationalised as relative economic loss (as measured through export volumes to either China) incurred that could have otherwise been avoided or compensated for by recognising the PRC over the ROC. In the timeframe studied, after two years for Chad and after one year for Malawi, both countries saw exponentially increased export volumes to the PRC once they affected a switch in recognition from the ROC, since recognising the PRC is concomitant with entering politically enhanced bilateral economic relations at the behest of the economically stronger PRC. This indeed indicates an opportunity cost, and pursuit of realpolitik by the African countries studied who have switched back-and-forth between the two Chinas based on the prospective gains to be made.
“THE FLAG STILL STANDS!” THE POLITICAL RECONVERSION OF THE INTERNALLY EXILED INDEPENDENTISTS OF CASAMANCE
Authors: LEYENDECKER Mathilde , MIȘCOIU Sergiu
Published: January 2020

The article analyses the different trajectories of former combatants of the Mouvement des Forces Democratiques de Casamance (MFDC) in southern Senegal, focusing on the political prosecution of the armed struggle. If the independence demand is often present in their speech, it takes different forms and allows them to enter the local political life or become agents of the peace process. It is about trying to understand the motivations of actors and contextualize them in order to identify the mechanisms that lead to long-term dialogue and conflict resolution.
RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT AND HUMAN SECURITY IN UN’S INVOLVEMENT IN LIBYA
Authors: HERȚA Laura-Maria
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the responsibility to protect (RtoP) and the shift from a right for humanitarian intervention towards a global responsibility to protect civilians, as exemplified by the wording of Resolutions 1970 and 1973. The main goal of the article is to analyse the response of the United Nations to the crisis in Libya and discuss the ways in which responsibility to protect and human security were incorporated throughout the involvement in Libya. The article is structured in three main parts. The first one provides a brief overview of the essentials of the responsibility to protect while the second one focuses on the UN’s incorporation of RtoP. Finally, the last part tackles the degree to which the intervention in Libya reflected an adequate and consistent RtoP framework.
CAMEROON’S ANGLOPHONE CRISIS: ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL, SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT
Authors: MATEŞ Roxana
Published: January 2020

The article aims to analyse the present Anglophone conflict in Cameroon as a consequence of a perpetual political crisis, which has its roots in the colonial administration of the territory. Moreover, the Anglophone crisis is presented as a situation of a minority’s marginalization and discrimination, highlighting the so-called francophonisation of the Anglophone system and the issue of the state’s mismanagement of cultural diversity. Another interpretation tacked by the article is that the current crisis represents the direct consequence of the authoritarian style of leadership and of the dysfunctional democracy in the country. There are also illustrated the myriad of negative political, social and economic consequences of the crisis, by presenting the relation between the threatened political and economic stability of the country and the increased state authority and violence.
L’APPLICATION DU DROIT ELECTORAL PAR LE JUGE CONSTITUTIONNEL GABONAIS ET CONGOLAIS: UN RENDEZ-VOUS MANQUE POUR L’ETAT DE DROIT EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE
Authors: NTWALI NANTONDO IRAGI Valéry
Published: January 2020

Application of Electoral Law by the Gabonese and Congolese Constitutional Justice: a Missing Appointment for the Rule of Law in Central Africa. This study attempts to describe the partisan and dangerous role that the electoral judge plays in order to regulate the litigations related to the electoral disputes of the presidential and legislative elections in French-speaking Africa and particularly in Gabon and DR Congo. Attention was paid to the litigation of the presidential and legislative elections of 2016 in Gabon and those of 2011 and 2018 in DR Congo. The general economy of the electoral law in the two aforementioned countries, recognizes the competence of the Constitutional Court in the litigations related to presidential and national legislative elections. However, the work of the constitutional courts presented above, really denotes an appointment missed in a state of law, the finding remains mixed with respect to the contribution of the electoral judge in the legitimization of the electoral process and final results. As a result, the judgments of two Courts evoked only amplified post-election violence alongside political speeches fuelled by protests and popular manipulation, which caused massive violations of human rights through a bloody crackdown on protesters, and the endorsement of electoral push in Gabon and the DRC.
Antimicrobial prescribing patterns of clinicians and clinical services at a large animal veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Redding Laurel E. , Lavigne Sondra , Aceto Helen W. , Nolen-Walston Rose D.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To characterize antimicrobial prescribing patterns of clinicians and clinical services at a large animal veterinary teaching hospital and identify factors associated with antimicrobial prescribing.

ANIMALS

All large animals (ie, equids, bovids, sheep, goats, camelids, swine, and cervids) evaluated at the New Bolton Center hospital at the University of Pennsylvania from 2013 through 2018.

PROCEDURES

In a cross-sectional study design, data on antimicrobial use by clinicians and clinical services were collected from administrative and billing records. Multivariable regression modeling was performed to identify factors associated with antimicrobial prescribing patterns.

RESULTS

Antimicrobials and critically important antimicrobials of the highest priority were dispensed in 42.1% (9,853/23,428) and 24.0% (2,360/9,853) of visits, respectively, and these proportions differed significantly among clinicians. Per visit, the median (interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range) number of animal-defined daily doses dispensed was 3.6 (0.8 to 11.1) and the mean (SD) number of antimicrobial classes dispensed was 2.0 (1.3). Patient species, age, affected body system, and duration of hospitalization as well as submission of specimens for bacterial culture were significantly associated with prescribing patterns.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The frequency and quantity of antimicrobials prescribed differed significantly among clinicians within and across services, even for animals with clinical signs affecting the same body system. Patient- and visit-level factors explained some but not all of the heterogeneity in prescribing patterns, suggesting that other clinician-specific factors drove such practices. More research is needed to better understand antimicrobial prescribing patterns of clinicians, particularly in situations for which no antimicrobial use guidelines have been established.
Assessment of a split-bolus computed tomographic enterography technique for simultaneous evaluation of the intestinal wall and mesenteric vasculature of dogs
Authors: Kim Cheolhyun , Lee Sang-Kwon , Je Hyejin , Jang Youjung , Jung Jin-Woo , Choi Jihye
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the diagnostic usefulness of split-bolus CT enterography in dogs.

ANIMALS

6 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES

CT enterography was performed in all dogs in a nonrandomized crossover study design involving 3 techniques: a dual-phase technique and 2 techniques involving splitting of the administered contrast agent dose (ie, split technique and split-bolus tracking technique). For the 2 techniques involving dose splitting (ie, split CT enterography), contrast agent was injected twice, with the first injection consisting of 60% of the total dose, followed by injection of the remaining 40%. Then, a single set of CT images was obtained when the arterial and venous phases matched (dual-phase and split techniques) or when enhancement of the abdominal aorta reached 100 HU (split-bolus tracking technique). Enhancement of the intestinal wall and mesenteric vessels was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.

RESULTS

The total number of images required for interpretation was significantly lower for the split technique than for the dual-phase technique. The amount of time needed to complete CT enterography was significantly less for the split-bolus tracking technique than for the other 2 techniques. For all 3 techniques, adequate contrast enhancement of the mesenteric vessels and intestinal wall was achieved. The split technique provided contrast enhancement of the intestinal wall and mesenteric vessels similar to that provided with the dual-phase technique, whereas contrast enhancement of these structures was lowest for the split-bolus tracking technique.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Split-bolus CT enterography at a contrast agent allocation ratio of 60:40 enabled simultaneous evaluation of the enhanced intestine wall and mesenteric vessels and yielded image quality similar to that of dual-phase CT enterography in healthy dogs.
Use of intestine-related biomarkers for detecting intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea
Authors: Ok Mahmut , Yildiz Ramazan , Hatipoglu Fatih , Baspinar Nuri , Ider Merve , Üney Kamil , Ertürk Alper , Durgut Murat K. , Terzi Funda
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the usefulness of intestinal biomarkers in determining the presence of intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea caused by 4 etiologic agents.

ANIMALS

40 neonatal calves that were healthy (n = 10) or had diarrhea (30).

PROCEDURES

The study was a cross-sectional study. Results of hematologic analyses and serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP), liver fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3), Claudin-3 (CLDN-3), γ-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG2), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and leptin (LP) were compared among calves grouped according to whether they were healthy (control group; G-1) or had diarrhea caused by K99 Escherichia coli (G-2; n = 10), bovine rota- or coronavirus (G-3; 5 each), or Cryptosporidium spp (G-4; 10).

RESULTS

Across the 3 time points at which blood samples were obtained and evaluated, the groups of calves with diarrhea generally had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, and LP, compared with the control group. In addition, G-2 also consistently had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of I-FAB and ACTG2 and lower mean serum concentrations of CLDN-3, compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that degree of intestinal epithelial damage differed among calves grouped by the etiologic agent of diarrhea and that such damage might have been more severe in calves with diarrhea caused by K99 E coli. Additionally, our results indicated that serum concentrations of I-FABP, L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, ACTG2, LP, and CLDN-3 were useful biomarkers of intestinal epithelial damage in calves of the present study.
Makna Motif Hias Sirih Gadang Pada Ukiran Bangunan Tradisional Minangkabau
Authors: Christyawaty Eny
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay is aimed at discovering the meaning of decoration motif of betel on minangkabau traditional bulding carving and the importance of piper betle in Minangkabu customs. The research result show that such motif was inspired by vegetations on the surrounding environments. Furthermore, the motif predated pre-historic era, which is proven by the similiarity of the shape of piper betle motif on menhir which is megalith heritage in Limapuluh regency. Not only does this motif have aesthetical values but also a representation of joy, friendship and unity. Furthermore, such motif also suggests that piper betle was a sacred and highly significant piece of cultural items. Present use of piper betle in every Minangkabau social traditional activity proves further of such significance.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna motif hias sirih gadang pada bangunan tradisional Minangkabau dan arti penting sirih (piper betle) dalam adat budaya Minangkabau. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa motif sirih gadang pada ukiran bangunan tradisional diinspirasi dari tumbuhan yang ada di alam sekitar. Selain itu, motif ini sebenarnya berakar dari masa prasejarah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya kemiripan bentuk motif sirih pada ukiran dengan motif hias pada menhir yang merupakan tinggalan budaya megalitik di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Motif ini bukan hanya mempunyai nilai estetis, tapi juga menyimbolkan kegembiraan, persahabatan, dan persatuan. Munculnya motif hias sirih gadang pada ukiran tradisional Minangkabau menunjukkan bahwa sirih merupakan benda budaya yang sangat penting dan bahkan sakral. Hal ini dikuatkan dengan adanya penggunaan sirih (piper betle) dalam setiap kegiatan adat masyarakat Minangkabau hingga masa sekarang.
Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang Situs Loyang Mendale
Authors: Setiawan Taufiqurrahman
Published: January 2020

AbstractSimilar to present-day dwellings, cave and rock shelter as prehistoric settlement also had patterns of space use. Scuh indication is shown by a cave at the Loyang Mendale site in Takengon. Based on distribution, classification and analysis on excavation findings, there were such use of caves as sites of dwellings and special uses of cave space, which was as dailiy activities, workshop, and burial/religious sites.AbstrakSeperti halnya rumah, gua dan ceruk sebagai lokasi hunian pada masa prasejarah memiliki pola pemanfaatan ruang. Salah satu gua yang mengindikasikan hal tersebut adalah Situs Loyang Mendale di Takengon,. Berdasarkan sebaran, klasifikasi, serta analisis temuan ekskavasinya dapatkan terlihat adanya pemanfaatan gua sebagai lokasi hunian menetap dan pemanfaatan ruangan gua secara khusus, yaitu sebagai lokasi aktivitas sehari-hari, lokasi perbengkelan, dan lokasi penguburan/religi.
Liberal Order «Free Riders»: International Development Agenda and the Symbolic Policies of the Rising Powers
Authors: Makarycheva A. V. , Silaev N. Yu. , Danilin I. V. , Chekov A. D. , Shavlay E. P. , Stolyarova S. A.
Published: January 2020

The West is concerned over the crisis of the liberal world order attributing it to the conduct of emerging powers, such as China, India and Russia. Are its concerns legitimate? Drawing on social identity theory, the authors analyze the emerging powers’ stances on international development through the lens of status dynamics. In particular, three issue areas are investigated: the debate over the UN development agenda, which has revealed differences between Western and non-Western approaches, the changes in the membership of donor and recipient groups over the last decade and the discourse of emerging countries concerning science and technology, which betrays their self-image of a “developed” or “laggard” state.

The key finding of the paper is that the crisis of the liberal world order as a set of institutions created by the US-led countries after WWII manifests itself in the distorting symbolic exchange between developed and developing countries. The emerging states are unwilling to recognize the authority of the West and its leadership in setting the direction of global development. Meanwhile, they are trying to gain the status of development front-runners using their own foreign aid programs and science and technology development strategies. However, the rising states are not uniform and consistent in posing a symbolic challenge to the liberal order – while the Russia is striving for a “developed non-western country” status (thereby copying the USSR’s image), India and China, though to different degrees, are positioning themselves both as developed industrial states and as developing countries which receive aid packages from richer members of the international community. What leads to the distortions in this symbolic exchange is the desire of some emerging powers to use the resources of the West and reap the benefits of the world order created by it while denying it a high status. Thus, a classic economic “free-rider problem” arises in international relations: while benefiting from the liberal order created by the West, the rising states do not recognize the status it ascribes itself ignoring the symbolic hierarchy which, as viewed by western countries, underlies this order.

The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest.
Eurasia: Challenges of Governance
Authors: Nadtochey Yu. I. , Safranchuk I. A.
Published: January 2020

Book review: Eurasia on Edge: Managing Complexity. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2018. 324 p.

The author declares absence of conflict of interests.
Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Rogachev S. V.
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Review of the book by Milovidov V. D. Simmetry of delusions. Uncertainty factors of the global financial market under the technological revolution. Moscow, Magistr, 2019. 336 p. (In Russian).

Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.