bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Laryngeal Mask Airway Compared to Endotracheal Tube: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zaman Behrooz , Noorizad Samad , Safari Saeid , Javadi Larijani Seyed Mohamad Hosein , Seyed Siamdoust Seyed Alireza
Published: March 2022

Background: In patients under general anesthesia, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a valuable alternative to endotracheal intubation to maintain the airway. In this study, we compared the efficacy of LMA with an endotracheal tube (ETT) in plastic and reconstructive surgeries over 2 h on thorax and abdomen under general anesthesia in Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on a sample size of 80, randomly assigned to two groups. The main variables included the ease of placement, recurrent carbon dioxide content, arterial oxygen saturation, and laryngeal and tracheal spasm. In addition, the sub-variables entailed the mean duration of anesthesia, nausea and vomiting, sore throat, and abdominal distension. The obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 25. Results: In the present study, 76 patients were female. Mean age, recurrent carbon dioxide, arterial oxygen saturation, laryngeal and tracheal spasm, the mean duration of anesthesia, nausea and vomiting, sore throat, and abdominal distension were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the classic laryngeal mask could be used as a means of airway control in general anesthesia for long-term surgeries of more than 2 h.
Molecular Identification and Caspofungin Susceptibility Profile in Comparison to Oregano Antifungal Effects on Oral Candida Isolates
Authors: Fozouni Leila , Tajari Zahra
Published: March 2022

Background: Candida species have an unstable resistance to common antifungal drugs. The treatment of oral candidiasis requires the identification of new anti-Candida agents with no side effects like medicinal plants. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of caspofungin and oregano essential oil on oral Candida species isolated from cancer patients. Methods: Seventy-three Candida species were identified and isolated by conventional and microbiological tests from cancer patients (n = 100) suspected of oral candidiasis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oregano essential oil and caspofungin were determined by microdilution assay and evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI-2017). The gene regions of samples were studied using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Candida glabrata (35, 47.9%) was the predominant species. Most of the Candida strains were isolated from patients with stomach cancer (35, 47.9%). The highest resistance to caspofungin was reported for C. albicans (5.5%). Also, FKS mutant isolates were associated with resistance to caspofungin. MIC90 value for oregano essential oil against C. albicans was 4096 µL/mL, which was equal to MIC90 value against C. glabrata. There was a significant difference between the MICs of caspofungin and oregano essential oil, that inhibits the growth of Candida isolates. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the caspofungin has high antifungal effect on Candida species, specially non-albicans Candida. As the findings indicated, the oregano had good anti-Candida potent. Therefore, we could hope to treat fungal diseases by producing an appropriate herbal medicine.
Cerebral Infarction Following Correction of Aortic Coarctation Surgery in Children
Authors: Mirshahi Arvin , Kafian Atary Siavash , Riasi Hamid Reza , Salehi Forod
Published: March 2022

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart defect. Due to the narrowing of the descending aorta, blood flow mainly reduces after the stenosis, and CoA can occur at any region in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Cardiac surgeons and cardiologists are familiar with postoperative complications of CoA; however, there are also some other complications that have not been reported to date. Case Presentation: The present study investigated three cases of CoA undergoing reconstructive surgery. Nevertheless, a couple of days after the surgery, they manifested symptoms suspected of cerebral infarction. Ischemic infarction was observed after performing brain computed tomography. Additionally, we discuss possible pathophysiology and reasons that can lead to this problem. Conclusions: In this case report, we presented three cases of CoA patients who underwent reconstructive surgery and manifested cerebral infarction as an adverse effect of the reconstructive surgery.
Hematoporphyrin Is a Promising Sensitizer for Dual-Frequency Sono-photodynamic Therapy in Mice Breast Cancer
Authors: Khani Tahereh , Jadidi Majid , Hasanzadeh Hadi , Moshfegh Shima , Saeedi Shima , Shahryari Shoka , Ghorbani Raheb
Published: March 2022

Background: The combination of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy (SPDT) may be a new hopeful non-invasive method for cancer treatment, which incorporates a combination of low-intensity ultrasound, laser radiation, and a sensitizer agent. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of hematoporphyrin (HP)-mediated SPDT (dual-frequency ultrasound and laser radiation) in the management of mice breast adenocarcinoma. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two female mice with implanted tumors were divided into 22 groups, including sham, laser, 4 groups of dual-frequency ultrasound/laser radiation, 8 groups of HP-mediated SPDT (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), and 8 groups of HP encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HP-MSNs)-mediated SPDT. The sensitizer was administered by intraperitoneal injection and after a 24-hour delay, tumor grafted mice were treated with a combination of dual-frequency ultrasound and laser light. The tumor growth factors were used to assess the treatment outcome. Results: The results indicated that HP or HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT had a delaying tumor growth effect. In the groups treated with dual-frequency ultrasound and laser radiation, the maximum tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ratio was 47.5%, while the maximum TGI ratio in the SPDT groups was 61.6%. The time of T2 and T5 in the case of HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT groups was increased compared with sham and that of HP-mediated SPDT groups (P < 0.05). The inhibition ratio on tumor growth increased in all SPDT groups at 12 days after the treatment. Analysis of experimental data demonstrates that this increase was not declined and persisted over 30 days of treatment. The results indicated that SPDT is effective in relative tumor volume when compared with the sham group (339.1 ± 161 and 1510.8 ± 160, respectively). HP or HP-MSNs-mediated SPDT groups had Grade I (low), while others had Grade III (high) malignancy in the histological study of mice breast adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: The results revealed that when sensitized by dual-frequency SPDT, hematoporphyrin (with and without MSNs), has a promising effect at delaying tumor growth on mice breast cancer. Therefore, it can be appreciated that careful selection of the sensitizer with SPDT will play an eminent role in the success of cancer therapies.
Psychotic Disorder as the First Manifestation of Addison Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Momayez Sanat Zahra , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Addison disease is a relatively uncommon endocrine disease resulting from adrenal insufficiency. Psychiatric symptoms are among its rare primary and particularly isolated clinical symptoms. This report presents a case with adrenal insufficiency manifested by the psychotic syndrome. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old Iranian female with a history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and asthma since childhood presented with a 13-month history of progressive depression with insomnia and nightmare symptoms. After being prescribed haloperidol, clomipramine, and clonazepam for eight months, abdominal pain and weight loss due to anorexia started. Her physical examination showed skin hyperpigmentation in the elbow, knee, ankle, and buccal mucosa. Physical examination and initial laboratory tests suggested adrenal insufficiency. Addison disease was confirmed according to the laboratory tests and abdominal CT. The symptoms were significantly improved using intravenous hydrocortisone treatment. The patient remained calm and had a normal sleep without depressive symptoms or psychosis after 72 hours of treatment. During one year of follow-up, the patient was in good general condition without psychological symptoms. Conclusions: This report shows that psychotic disorder can be the first manifestation of Addison disease. Therefore, physicians should be informed about the neuropsychiatric symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, especially when the patient lacks a family or personal history of psychiatric illness.
Assessing enhanced security requirements for controlled unclassified information
Authors: Ross Ron , Pillitteri Victoria , Dempsey Kelley
Published: March 2022

The protection of Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in nonfederal systems and organizations is important to federal agencies and can directly impact the ability of the Federal Government to successfully carry out its assigned missions and business operations. This publication provides federal agencies and nonfederal organizations with assessment procedures that can be used to carry out assessments of the requirements in NIST Special Publication 800-172, Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information: A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171. The assessment procedures are flexible and can be tailored to the needs of organizations and assessors. Assessments can be conducted as 1) self-assessments; 2) independent, third-party assessments; or 3) government-sponsored assessments. The assessments can be conducted with varying degrees of rigor based on customer-defined depth and coverage attributes. The findings and evidence produced during the assessments can be used to facilitate risk-based decisions by organizations related to the CUI enhanced security requirements.
Kinesiske råstofinvesteringer i Australien og Canada - erfaringer for Danmark og Grønland
Authors: Kristensen Rasmus Abildgaard
Published: March 2022

Kinesiske investeringer har udviklet sig til et skræmmebillede i debatten om udnyttelsen af det grønlandske råstofpotentiale, men er der grund til bekymring? Artiklen ser nærmere på erfaringerne fra Australien og Canada, som begge har været genstand for omfattende kinesiske råstofinvesteringer det seneste årti. Begge lande har haft overvejende gode erfaringer, selvom der har været tale om vanskelige forløb præget af folkelig skepsis og gensidige misforståelser, og hvor både de kinesiske selskaber og værtslandenes myndigheder har gennemgået en stejl læringskurve. Danmark og Grønland kan med fordel tage ved lære af de australske og canadiske erfaringer, som viser, at nøglen til succes er dialog og stram regulering, som har tvunget de kinesiske investorer til at lære og tilpasse sig. Artiklen argumenterer også for værdien af et institutionelt perspektiv, herunder spørgsmålet om organisatorisk læring, i studiet af kinesiske investeringer i udlandet.
Dansk forebyggelse af ekstremisme og radikalisering 2009-2014: udviklingstendenser og fremtidige udfordringer
Authors: Lindekilde Lasse
Published: March 2022

I 2009 lancerede Fogh Rasmussen-regeringen en bredspektret handlingsplan til forebyggelse af ekstremisme og radikalisering blandt unge i Danmark. Handlingsplanen er blevet kritiseret for i sin iver efter at tænke radikaliseringsproblematikken bredt at forveksle og sammenblande sikkerheds- og integrationshensyn. I september 2014 lancerede Thorning-Schmidt-regeringen en ny handlingsplan på området. Den nye handlingsplan viderefører centrale indsatsområder, men repræsenterer også et delvist policy-skifte. Denne artikel kortlægger dansk forebyggelse af ekstremisme og radikalisering i lyset af den nye 2014-handlingsplan og identificerer udviklingstendenser i policy- og implementeringspraksis fra 2009 til 2014. I forlængelse heraf diskuteres årsager til observerede policy-forandringer samt fremtidige udfordringer for implementeringen af handlingsplanen. Artiklen bygger på en systematisk sammenstilling af de to handlingsplaner, men inddrager også en række officielle evalueringer og praksishåndbøger som vidnesbyrd om policy-udviklingen på området fra 2009 til 2014.
Udfordringer og dilemmaer i det offentlige-private samspil på beskæftigelsesområdet: markedsgørelse i flere versioner
Authors: Breidahl Karen N. , Larsen Flemming
Published: March 2022

Denne artikel rejser spørgsmålet om, hvordan det offentlige-private samspil på beskæftigelsesområdet har udviklet sig siden 2003, herunder hvilke udfordringer og dilemmaer der har været forbundet med disse udviklingstræk. Tilbage i 2003 blev store dele af beskæftigelsesindsatsen udliciteret til ikke-offentlige leverandører, hvormed der blev etableret et marked for andre (ikke-offentlige) aktører. Omfattende udbudsprocesser blev taget i brug, og de politiske forventninger var store. Ca. 12 år senere er markedet for private beskæftigelsesindsatser indskrænket væsentligt, og det offentlige-private samspil på beskæftigelsesområdet har bevæget sig i retning af en langt mere samarbejdsbaseret og lokal tilgang. Artiklen giver et indblik i, hvordan disse ændringer ikke blot har haft styringsmæssige konsekvenser men også indholdsmæssige, samt vanskelighederne ved at etablere et velfungerende marked på beskæftigelsesområdet, der lever op til de politiske hensigter.
Why do voters not always vote for warlords? A simple model of the free-riding problem in elections with violent candidates
Authors: Hansen Bertel Teilfeldt
Published: March 2022

In the literature on post-conflict elections it is commonly found that armed groups that obtain an insufficient number of votes often resume conflict. It is unclear, however, why this situation arises: Why do voters not always vote for threatening candidates and avoid conflict? The articles provides a theoretical answer to this question. In a one-shot game, voters choose between a civilian and a “warlord” who will engage in violence against them in inverse proportion to the number of votes he or she receives. The model shows that if voters individually obtain expressive utility from voting for the civilian, they will all end up doing so even if they prefer that the warlord is elected and violence is ended. In equilibrium, the maximum amount of violence occurs.
Små, store eller måske rettere mellemstore organisationer? En undersøgelse af sammenhængen mellem ledelsesspænd, ledelsesidentitet og brugen af transformationsledelse i danske daginstitutioner
Authors: Bro Louise Ladegaard
Published: March 2022

Ledere af organisationer med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd har ikke nødvendigvis lige gode muligheder for at udøve ledelsesstrategier, som anses som gavnlige for medarbejderes motivation og præstationer. Mens det som leder i organisationer med store ledelsesspænd kan være vanskeligt at sikre en effektiv og individuel ledelse af alle medarbejdere, kan man som leder af organisationer med få medarbejdere være så eksponereret overfor medarbejderne og så tæt involvereret i det daglige arbejde, at det kan være svært at udvikle den generelle ledelsesidentitet, som udøvelsen af visse ledelsesstrategier kræver. Baseret på en kvantitativ undersøgelse af daginstitutionsområdet belyser artiklen, hvordan ledelsesspændet hænger sammen med lederens brug af transformationsledelse. Her kigger artiklen på, hvor meget transformationsledelse medarbejdere i organisationer med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd opfatter, at deres leder udøver. Artiklen ser også på, om ledernes identitet som generel leder fremfor en identitet som fagprofessionel medarbejder medierer denne sammenhæng. Artiklen giver således et bud på betingelserne for udøvelsen af transformationsledelse i daginstitutioner med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd, ligesom den også bidrager med en udvikling af den teoretiske forståelse af disse mekanismer. Artiklen finder, at niveauet af medarbejderopfattet transformationsledelse er størst i daginstitutioner med mellemstore ledelsesspænd (12-20 medarbejdere), og at forskellen på lederens identitet som generel leder fremfor identitet som fagprofessionel medarbejder forklarer forskellen mellem institutioner med små ledelsesspænd og institutioner med mellemstore ledelsesspænd.
The Bo Smith Commission viewed from the other side of the bridge
Authors: Sundström Göran , Lemme Marja
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the Bo Smith Commission’s problem descriptions and solutions regarding state officials’ advice to politicians from a Swedish perspective. It is claimed that the kind of problems that the Commission discusses have not been prominent in Swedish debate or research. The article points at dissimilarities in the two countries’ administrative traditions that might explain this difference. First, there are more politically appointed officials at the top in Sweden than in Denmark. Second, in Sweden there are requirements for collective decision-making in government, while in Denmark there is ministerial rule. And third, the independent agencies and committees in Sweden have a clearly articulated role to provide the government with advice for its decision-making, while the agencies in Denmark do not participate very actively in the advisory work for the ministers.
Hvad betød den økonomiske krise for danske kommuners økonomistyring?
Authors: Foged Søren Kjær , Andersen Snorre Christian , Andersen Martin Nordrup
Published: March 2022

Denne artikel undersøger forandringer i danske kommuners økonomistyring under en periode med stigende økonomisk pres via casestudier af fem danske kommuner. Fokus er på samspillet mellem økonomifunktionens rådgivende funktion og fagområdernes besluttende funktion. Artiklen viser ikke overraskende, at den økonomiske krise har øget kommunernes fokus på at styre deres udgifter både i budgetlægning og -opfølgning. Mekanismen synes at være en styrkelse af udgiftsvogterne relativt til udgiftsadvokaterne i organisationen, særligt ved en styrkelse af økonomifunktionen. Mere overraskende finder artiklen, at tiltag for at styrke koblingen af den faglige og økonomiske styring via økonomifunktionens rådgivning af fagområderne ikke slår igennem som ændrede handlinger hos de faglige beslutningstagere. Som årsag til denne dekobling peger artiklen på udfordringer i samarbejdet mellem den styrkede økonomifunktion og de beslutningstagere, der skal omsætte økonomifunktionens rådgivning til handling ude i virkeligheden.
What did the economic crisis mean for Danish municipalities’ financial management?
Authors: Foged Søren Kjær , Andersen Snorre Christian , Andersen Martin Nordrup
Published: March 2022

The article examines changes in the financial management of Danish municipalities in a period with increasing fiscal stress based on case studies in five municipalities. The analytical focus is on the interplay between the finance unit’s advice service and the actual actions taken by the professionally oriented managers. First, the article finds that the economic crisis has increased the municipalities’ focus on spending controls. The mechanism seems to be a strengthening of the organization’s spending guardians vis-à-vis the spending advocates, in particular a strengthening of the municipal finance unit. Second, the article finds that the municipalities’ objective to increase cost considerations in the professionally oriented managers’ daily actions has not been achieved. As a reason for this the article points to challenges in the working relationship between the strengthened finance unit and the professionally oriented managers.
Administrative organisationsforandringer i kommunerne efter krisen. Koncern-organisering på flere niveauer?
Authors: Ghin Eva Moll
Published: March 2022

I denne artikel undersøges det ved hjælp af et sammenlignende casestudie af fem danske kommuner, hvordan krisen og den strammere statslige styring af kommunernes økonomi har bidraget til administrative organisationsforandringer i kommunerne. Der argumenteres for, at krisen og sanktionslovgivningen skabte et politisk forandringsvindue i de kommuner, som havde svag udgiftsstyring, og at den samtidig skabte et økonomisk pres, som førte til besparelser på administrative lederstillinger. Begge mekanismer bidrog til en udvikling hen mod en ”koncernmodel”, som tilgodeser tværgående prioriteringer og central ressourcestyring. Ifølge undersøgelsen genfindes den overordnede koncernorganisering i organiseringen af det kommunale skolevæsen. Her indebærer den blandt andet, at skoleområdet fusioneres med tilgrænsende områder, og at fagchefen indgår i topledelsen, hvor han/hun socialiseres i rollen som varetager af helhedens interesser.
Delegation of economic competences within local government
Authors: Heeager Anne
Published: March 2022

Within the boundaries of national legislation, the assemblies in Danish municipalities define the scope and form of autonomy given to political committees, public agencies, and service-producing units in each policy area. Actors placed at identical levels in the hierarchy, but in different policy areas or different municipalities, might, therefore, experience a varied degree of professional and economic autonomy to prioritize, design, and plan the supply of public services. The comprehensive literature on Danish municipalities’ economic affairs overlooks the essential issue of decentralization of economic competencies within local governments. To fill this gap, this article uses a principal-agent perspective and analyzes data on politically decided budgets and appropriation summaries for Danish municipalities in 2009 and 2015 and shows that there is great variation across municipalities and policy areas in the degree of decentralization of economic competencies.
Swedish class voting in decline: Does a new class schema make a difference?
Authors: Vestin Erik , Oskarson Maria
Published: March 2022

In the light of observations of the decline in class voting, some scholars have suggested that the class variable should be reconstructed in a way that makes post-industrial labor market trends more visible. A leading proponent of this view is Daniel Oesch. In this article we compare the development in class voting according to his class schema compared to a more traditional one, in the Swedish National Election Studies 1968-2014. The results show that the schemas give remarkably similar results, that Oesch’s schema is not markedly better at predicting voting for newer political parties, and that the development in the distribution of positions in the labor market does not make a big difference for the strength of class voting. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Who are the people? Refugees and access to Danish citizenship
Authors: Bech Emily Cochran , Jensen Kristian Kriegbaum , Mouritsen Per , Olsen Tore Vincents
Published: March 2022

Denmark has some of the most restrictive citizenship rules in Europe, with requirements for long residence, language, knowledge, self-support and crime. Citizenship implies voting rights and the right to stand for election in national elections. As such it determines full democratic inclusion. Today, approximately 376,000 adult residents lack Danish citizenship. Using public registry data we investigate whether refugees who arrived as adults in 2001-09 have been able to fulfil the language, self-support and criminal record requirements. We investigate which requirements are most exclusionary, and what difference it makes if they were made less demanding. We further examine how many residents with Danish citizenship are able to meet these requirements. On this basis, we discuss their implications for Danish democracy, and whether they are consistent with normative conceptions of fairness.
Aktivismen med de nordiske “brødre”: forsigtig spiren efter lang tids tørke?
Authors: Olesen Mikkel Runge
Published: March 2022

Dansk aktivisme i nordisk kontekst har ikke haft nemme kår siden den kolde krigs afslutning. Fra at have udgjort et centralt udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitisk supplement til Danmarks hovedlinje som NATO-medlem under den kolde krig, blev det nordiske, efter den kolde krigs afslutning, i stigende grad nedprioriteret på både det politisk-militære, det politisk-diplomatiske og det økonomiske område. Udviklingen de seneste år tyder imidlertid på en forsigtig ny spiren i nordisk aktivisme. Dette skyldes dels succes inden for pragmatiske samarbejder, fx i NORDEFCO, dels diffunderingen af nordiske idealer til lidt bredere kredse inden for fx Nordic Plus eller inden for EU. Forskellige nationale præferencer på flere politikområder såvel som NATO- og EU-skel udgør dog stadig centrale begrænsninger.
Rutsjebane: udsving og udfordringer i Danmarks NATO-aktivisme
Authors: Ringsmose Jens , Rynning Sten
Published: March 2022

Det er i NATO-sammenhænge, at dansk sikkerhedspolitisk aktivisme træder klarest frem. NATO er først og fremmest platformen, hvorfra Danmark bidrager til at fastholde USA i europæisk sikkerhed. NATO er også mekanismen, hvorigennem Danmark etablerer det tætte militære samarbejde med udvalgte allierede, som muliggør danske militære bidrag under forskellige flag – NATO, FN og andre. Og endelig er NATO en løftestang for en bredere europæisk udenrigspolitik, som Danmark kun med besvær kan føre pga. EU-forbehold. Dansk NATO-aktivisme har imidlertid varieret over tid. Den har været stigende, dernæst meget høj, for dernæst at dale, mens den nu – måske – igen er på vej op. Disse udsving må forstås som resultater af en politisk vilje til at forfølge den aktivisme, som det internationale rum muliggør. Denne politiske vilje analyserer vi her i et længere perspektiv, 1990-2017, hvor vi især fokuserer på den nationale villighed til at bære byrder i sikkerhedspolitikkens navn.
Aktivistisk med forbehold? Danmark, EU og den amerikanske verdensorden
Authors: Wivel Anders
Published: March 2022

I hvilken grad og hvordan kan dansk europapolitik tolkes som aktivistisk? Dansk europapolitik er karakteriseret ved stor kontinuitet med en kombination af pragmatisk interessevaretagelse og forsøg på dagsordensættende indflydelsesmaksimering på udvalgte værdipolitiske områder. Samtidig er europapolitikken overraskende aktivistisk i betydningen en strategisk, selvstændig og dristig politik, der aktivt sigter mod at fremme danske interesser via politiske og diplomatiske kanaler. Med udgangspunkt i en neoklassisk realistisk forklaringsmodel viser artiklen, hvordan dansk europapolitik formes i samspil mellem en liberal global orden med USA som dagsordensættende for Danmarks sikkerhedspolitiske stabilitet, en forhandlet og institutionaliseret europæisk orden, hvor magtpolitikken føres med diplomatiske fremfor militære midler, og en dansk liberal-egalitær europapolitisk kultur, der udgør den prisme, som reflekterer de globale og europæiske incitamenter. Dansk europapolitik formuleres af danske beslutningstagere som en nødvendighedens politik, men dette udelukker ikke en aktivisme, der ofte fremstår som dristig i sin udfordring af den dominerende tysk-franske forståelse af EU’s betydning og fremtid.
Occasional and consistent swing voters: Two types of swing voters
Authors: Shamshiri-Petersen Ditte
Published: March 2022

The share of swing voters in Danish general elections has increased substantially over the past decades. Today, more than one-third of Danish voters switch party between national elections. Most literature peg swing voters as less politically engaged and competent. However, swing voters are not a homogeneous group. Analysis of panel survey data from 2001-2005 reveals significant differences between occasional and consistent swing voters. Whereas voters who switch party time after time indeed tend to be less engaged and knowledgeable about politics, this does not apply to voters who switch only occasionally.
Anmeldelse af Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy
Authors: Andersen David
Published: March 2022

Daniel Ziblatt, Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 2017 (anmeldt af David Andersen)
Value polarization in a Norwegian context? Distance between the elite and the population in attitudes toward immigration and gender equality
Authors: Midtbøen Arnfinn H. , Teigen Mari
Published: March 2022

To what extent do the Norwegian elite and the population at large differ in their views on immigration and gender equality? The article analyzes data from the Norwegian Leadership Survey 2015, conducted among the holders of top positions in ten sectors in Norwegian society, and compares elite attitudes to attitudes in the Norwegian population. We find a considerable distance between elite and population, but immigration is more polarizing than gender equality. The findings are discussed in light of recent comparative research on populism and the growing resistance to liberal and post-material values, as well as literature on gender equality as a “Nordic value”.
Hvordan modtager folkeskoler økonomiske ressourcer, og hvilken betydning har det
Authors: Heeager Anne , Holm Jakob Majlund
Published: March 2022

Det ligger inden for det kommunale selvstyre at beslutte, hvor meget folkeskolen samlet set skal koste i en kommune, og hvordan fordelingen af økonomi imellem de enkelte folkeskoler skal være. I flere kommuner er tildelingen til de enkelte folkeskoler baseret på oplysninger om skolernes socioøkonomiske elevsammensætning, og i nogle kommuner resulterer det i en betydelig omfordeling skolerne imellem. Målet med de forskellige omfordelingstiltag er at sikre chancelighed blandt børn, men effekten er ikke undersøgt på systematisk vis. Derimod har en række undersøgelser set nærmere på betydningen af forskellige fagligt afgrænsede og økonomisk set langt billigere tiltag, der også er iværksat i forhold til at løfte det faglige niveau hos skolebørn. Denne artikel giver med udgangspunkt i en teoretisk baseret typologi over fordelingen af økonomisk beslutningskompetence på folkeskoleområdet et overblik over den viden, vi har i forhold til at løfte det faglige niveau hos skolebørn ved hjælp af økonomiske ressourcer. Endvidere diskuterer artiklen, hvordan vi opnår større viden (også) om de satsninger, der målt i kroner og ører er de mest ambitiøse. Artiklen beskriver i denne forbindelse og med udgangspunkt i et unikt datasæt fra Aarhus Kommune den økonomiske omfordeling imellem 40 aarhusianske folkeskoler og giver et første bud på, hvilken betydning omfordelingen har haft for 13.237 børn, der tog folkeskolens afgangseksamen i perioden 2009-2015.
”Adskillelse vil betyde Islands Ødelæggelse”: islandsk selvstændighedspolitik og adskillelse fra Det danske Rige
Authors: Hálfdanarson Guðmundur
Published: March 2022

Island var ifølge danske kritikere for lille og fattig til at understøtte egen selvstændighed og måtte derfor affinde sig med dansk lederskab. Islændingene stilede først sent efter suverænitet og fuld adskillelse fra Danmark under disse betingelser. Den dansk-islandske forbindelse kunne ikke accepteres på langt sigt af Island. Den danske stat var defineret som en dansk nationalstat senest fra 1864, og islændingene var altid gæster i denne nationalstat. Dansk politik gjorde intet forsøg på at gentænke staten som en multinational stat og i endnu mindre grad skabe ét folk. Derfor måtte islændingene først kræve separation og siden fuld skilsmisse, selvom de havde et svagt udgangspunkt til at drive egen stat – de kunne simpelthen ikke blive i samlivet med broderfolket i syd.
Independence for Greenland: fiction or reality?
Authors: Ackrén Maria
Published: March 2022

Greenland has a political will to become independent, and most of the political parties are in favor of independence. The issue of independence is not a new idea, but it has become more topical in recent decades. The nationalistic movements started already in the 1960s as well-educated Greenlanders in Denmark established protest movements against the Danish state and the way Denmark was treating its former colony. The article sheds light on the political dimension from the start of the first nationalistic movements up to the present. How has the political dimension changed over time? What are the alternatives to full independence, and how are these played out in the Greenlandic debate? The article only takes the political dimension into consideration and disregards economic conditions or other potential circumstances.
Politicization of volunteering in co-production between the public and the voluntary sector: “We should incorporate the idea of the village pond”
Authors: Fehsenfeld Michael
Published: March 2022

It is widely acknowledged that the substance of collaboration between public sector and third sector has changed over the last decades. But how does this change affect the understanding of concepts like volunteering, citizen and the relation between state and citizens? This article explores political discourses regarding the relation between the two sectors. The theoretical outset is in anthropology of policy and its understanding of policy as a construing praxis that produces and defines meaning of and in the social world. The empirical data consists of 30 interviews with local politicians and senior administration officials from five Danish municipalities. Based on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the analysis shows how political discourses produce an ideal citizen identity and an understanding of the municipality as a consensus-based community, legitimizing these through idealized expounding of common cultural and historical symbols.
Strukturer og aktører i analyser af politiske beslutninger
Authors: Christiansen Peter Munk , Kjær Anne Mette
Published: March 2022

Denne artikel identificerer nogle væsentligste udviklinger i den politologiske litteratur om politiske beslutninger i det ny årtusind. Ved at bruge den traditionelle skelnen mellem struktur- og aktørforklaringer finder vi, at dansk politologi har arbejdet meget med at forklare både stabilitet og forandring i offentlig politik og politiske beslutninger. Det har bidraget til en bedre kombination af aktør- og strukturforklaringer, selvom litteraturen langtfra er i mål. Der er flere forhold vedrørende tilblivelsen af politiske beslutninger, som vi ved for lidt om. For eksempel mangler vi viden om, hvad der sker i den tidlige beslutningsfase, som gennem de senere år forekommer mere og mere lukket. Hertil kommer begrænset viden om den rolle, embedsværket spiller i forberedelsen af de politiske beslutninger. Endelig er der mangel på kvalitative casestudier af nyere politiske beslutninger og dermed på komparative analyser af disse. Artiklen efterlyser forskning med dette for øje.
Brexit, business interests, and the politics of the Irish border
Authors: Roederer-Rynning Christilla , Nibe Anna Vlasiuk , Frandsen Steen Bo
Published: March 2022

Why did the longstanding relationship between businesses and politicians in the UK break down in the midst of arguably one of the most critical and business-sensitive sets of decisions ever in contemporary UK? This paper explores this puzzle in light of the politics of the Irish border. The case of the Irish border is particularly interesting to study because it illustrates how a variety of actors, governmental as well as business actors, apparently shunned “rational” courses to pursue strategies that did not appear to serve their economic or political interest. We argue that this puzzle can only be solved by placing political contestation to the center of analysis, and examining its implication for the way businesses understood and pursued their interests. Based on primary data drawn from a range of Irish business organizations, we explore the crystallization of regional business interests in a context of high contestation and contrasted access to political actors across the border, North and South of the border. Our analysis contributes to the emerging literature on the social construction of business interests.
Does media coverage of fake news affect citizens’ reactions to misinformation and its correction?
Authors: Hjort Frederik , Adler-Nissen Rebecca
Published: March 2022

During the 2016 US presidential election campaign, interest in fake news surged among political elites, media, and mass publics. This raises the question of how general awareness of fake news affects information processing by citizens. We address this deficit by theorizing about the consequences of awareness of fake news for receptivity to misinformation. We hypothesize that individuals induced to be more aware of fake news will be less likely to update beliefs and attitudes in response to information from news media. We test this theoretical expectation in a pre-registered experiment in cooperation with a national news magazine in Denmark. Results suggest that contrary to the hypothesis, primed and unprimed respondents react similarly. In both groups, misinformation affects approval of a fictional politician in the predicted direction, and a subsequent correction fully cancels out the initial effect of misinformation. The results suggest that the risk of fake news fatigue is limited and media outlets can discuss the phenomenon of fake news in general as well as present concrete factual corrections with little risk of engendering additional media skepticism.
The effects of ketamine on pain control in stage IV cancer patients receiving palliative care
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Kang Jihun , Choi Jongsoon , Kong Eunhee
Published: March 2022

Background: We evaluated the effects of intravenous ketamine on cancer pain in stage IV cancer patients receiving palliative care.Methods: In total, 253 stage IV cancer patients with cancer pain hospitalized at a single tertiary hospital palliative care unit were included. The ketamine group contained 112 patients receiving ketamine, and the control group comprised 141 non-ketamine users. To evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for favorable pain control, optimal pain control, and opioid-sparing effect among ketamine users, we used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and objective prognosis score. Differences in the visual analog scale (VAS) score, oral morphine equivalents, inter-dose frequency, and inter-dose amount were compared between both groups at the time of ketamine introduction (T0), after 24 hours (T1), and after 48 hours (T2) using repeated-measures analysis of covariance.Results: The ketamine group was more likely to show favorable pain control (OR, 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–8.37) and an optimal response (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.73–9.22) than the control group. Compared to the control group, the ketamine group showed a higher VAS score at T0, but a more evident VAS score reduction at T1 and T2 (pint<0.001). The ketamine group was less likely than the control group to experience depressive mood (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.92), but had a higher risk of delirium (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.12–3.91).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ketamine can effectively reduce refractory cancer pain in stage IV cancer patients.
Sociocultural constraints and the athlete-environment relationship in a form of life
Authors:   , Rothwell Martyn
Published: March 2022

From the theoretical perspective of ecological dynamics, skilful behaviour in performance contexts like sport and education is predicted on the establishment of a functional relationship between an individual and the environment. The strength of this relationship is shaped over time by the everyday values, beliefs, traditions, customs, and behaviours (sociocultural practices) within a specific organisation. A conceptualisation of these sociocultural practices is a form of life, which illustrates the relational and situated nature of the contexts within which skilful behaviour emerges under social, political, cultural, and historical constraints. It is important to identify these influential sociocultural and historical practices that emerge, exist and shape practices in sport cultures and organisations. However, little is known from an ecological realism perspective how these practices affect athlete support systems, pedagogical practices, talent development programmes and an athlete’s engagement with affordances to develop a tightly knit athlete-environment relationship. To provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between a form of life and skilful athlete behaviour this thesis adopts qualitative research designs and integrates ideas from a range of scientific sub-disciplines. More specifically, data from the experiential knowledge of practitioners and observations of practice programmes and contexts in a team sport are analysed through the theoretical tenets of James Gibson’s ecological psychology. In adopting these research methods, the sociocultural practices of a British rugby league football academy are identified and interpreted to understand how they might shape an athlete’s engagement with affordances in learning and development landscapes. Results from the studies of this thesis suggest that forms of life are categorised by the complex interactions between many subsystems, where masculine, and disciplined behaviours were categorised as the dominant sociocultural pressures to constrain key actors into ignoring the potential for athletes’ self-organisation tendencies, and inhibited individuals’ capacities to respond to opportunities in the micro-structure of practice. Finally, to advance our understanding of the practical situations in which athletes become responsive to opportunities for skilful engagement with affordances, an integrative framework is presented to unpack the situated and embedded notions of skilful athlete behaviour.
Field Testing A Campus Preparation Mental Health Resource
Authors: Gilham Chris , Wei Yifeng , Kutcher Stanley , MacIntyre Catherine , MacCuspic Sharon , Fougere Wanda
Published: March 2022

This research investigated whether a mental health literacy resource could increase Grade 12 students’ mental health literacy. Bachelor of Education students (N = 8) from a university in rural Atlantic Canada created a board game and mental health seminar based on the resource. They applied the resource through the board game and seminar to Grade 12 students at two local high schools. There were positive albeit modest outcomes across a number of measures related to mental health literacy and post-secondary schooling preparation. Participants regarded the resource as helpful, and they were likely to recommend it to their peers. This resource holds promise for supporting students as they transition from high school to post-secondary settings.
Analyse bioécologique des difficultés et du développement professionnel de stagiaires en enseignement
Authors: Habak Adel , Desbiens Jean-François , Correa Molina Enrique , Caselles-Desjardins Brigitte
Published: March 2022

Considered a central component of teacher training, the internship represents a professionalization situation. However, difficulties experienced by trainees may influence this potential. During the semi-structured interviews, associate teachers (n = 7) seemed to attribute the difficulties mainly to trainees while trainees (n = 14) and supervisors (n = 9) link more causes to the environment. Our results suggest a shared responsibility between concerned individuals and organizations. Based on the bioecological theory and its environments, primary dyad and development constructs, our avenues of reflection tackle initial training, support and internship methods.
Le transfert des apprentissages induits par les usages numériques extrascolaires des adolescents vers le contexte scolaire : un état des lieux pour le cas de la discipline du français
Authors: Bourgeois Charles , Ntebutse Jean Gabin
Published: March 2022

In line with a socio-critical approach to digital uses, which includes both the school and the extracurricular contexts in its analysis of student’s relationship to digital technologies, this article presents a review of the scientific literature on the transfer of learning regarding the three disciplinary skills of French as a first language induced by the extracurricular digital uses of adolescents. The data consisted of scientific documents obtained through a review of writings published between 2010 and 2018 and retrieved from databases and specialized journals. The results show that the transfer of learning is not a systematic process because when an adolescent uses a technology in the new context, they do not use the same skills as in the initial context.
Pratiques de gestion rapportées par des directions d’écoles en région non-métropolitaine : portrait descriptif et exploratoire
Authors: Fréchette-Simard Catherine , Plante Isabelle , Plante Nathalie , Dubeau Annie
Published: March 2022

The transition from elementary to secondary school involves choosing from a growing selection of specialized programs. Traditionally, there is a ranking of secondary schools in Quebec based almost exclusively on student achievement. However, other indicators would make it possible to target the best environment for the child, particularly the offer of programs and services. Drawing from interviews with nine school principals, this article documents a variety of indicators that qualify the portrait of secondary schools in Quebec. The results of the thematic analysis revealed a wide variety of management practices, sometimes contrary to popular beliefs, which highlights the importance of considering all the indicators that accurately describe schools.
Toward Somatic Coherence: Five Teachers Engaged In Embodied Ways In Their Professional Development Path
Authors: Emond Geneviève
Published: March 2022

According to Johnson (2007), learning and teaching arise from a human being’s bodily experience in relationship with others and the environment (embodiment). Many teachers perceive and mobilize their bodies in rather unconscious ways. Becoming conscious of their perceptions can help them teach. It can also influence their internal/external coherence (Korthagen, 2004), link between sensations, intentions, and actions. Five elementary teachers participated in a study meant to look at their bodily learning processes, based on a phenomenological methodology (van Manen, 2014) and using somatic approaches (Eddy, 2016). Data analysis shows that they underwent body consciousness learning processes with various effects on their teaching, many posited at a relational level (with students) and all accompanied by a changing perception of self.
Les défis de la transition à la vie adulte de jeunes en situation de handicap
Authors: Bourdon Sylvain , Baril David , Desroches Isabel , Lessard Anne
Published: March 2022

Populational surveys show that groups considered vulnerable—including young people with

disabilities—face life circumstances that greatly complicate both the transition to adulthood and the

development of autonomy. Based on a secondary analysis of 32 interviews conducted with such young

people during or after their participation in a program designed to facilitate the transition from school to

work, this article documents key aspects of the journey towards autonomy: continuing or completing

studies and transitioning from school to work; leaving the parental home and achieving residential

autonomy; overcoming mobility barriers and meeting transportation needs; pursuing a romantic

relationship and planning a family. The analysis highlights the important role of social and family supports

during this transition and beyond, as well as the way in which the social context shapes young people’s

perceptions of what it means to become an adult.