bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent Relationship of Lipoprotein(a) and Carotid Atherosclerosis With Long‐Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Qi Yue , Duan Youling , Deng Qiuju , Yang Na , Sun Jiayi , Li Jiangtao , Hu Piaopiao , Liu Jun , Liu Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is considered to be a causal risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but whether there is an independent or joint association of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic plaque with ASCVD risk remains uncertain. This study aims to assess ASCVD risk independently or jointly conferred by Lp(a) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque.

Methods and Results

A total of 5471 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease at baseline were recruited and followed up for ASCVD events (all fatal and nonfatal acute coronary and ischemic stroke events) over a median of 11.5 years. Independent association of Lp(a), or the joint association of Lp(a) and carotid plaque with ASCVD risk, was explored using Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 7.6% of the participants (60.0±7.9 years of age; 2649 [48.4%] men) had Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL, and 539 (8.4/1000 person‐years) incident ASCVD events occurred. Lp(a) concentrations were independently associated with long‐term risk of total ASCVD events, as well as coronary events and ischemic stroke events. Participants with Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL had a 62% higher risk of ASCVD incidence (95% CI, 1.19–2.21) than those with Lp(a) <10 mg/dL, and they exhibited a 10‐year ASCVD incidence of 11.7%. This association exists even after adjusting for prevalent plaque. Moreover, participants with Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL and prevalent plaque had a significant 4.18 times higher ASCVD risk than those with Lp(a) <30 mg/dL and no plaque.

Conclusions

Higher Lp(a) concentrations are independently associated with long‐term ASCVD risk and may exaggerate cardiovascular risk when concomitant with atherosclerotic plaque.
A Practical Tool for Measuring Home‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Self‐Management Behavior: A Multiphase Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Zhen , Hu Na , Zhang Fengpei , Gao Yu , Zhang Chunqi , Wang Aiping
Published: April 2024

Background

Optimal self‐management is the key to home‐based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart disease. At present, there is a lack of a specific assessment tool to evaluate the home‐based cardiac rehabilitation self‐management behavior in patients with heart disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the Home‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Self‐Management Scale and validate its psychometric properties among patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results

A multiphase cross‐sectional study was conducted that study covered 3 phases: (1) item generation and revision, (2) item evaluation and preliminary exploration, and (3) assessment of the psychometric properties of the scale. A scale with 21 items was developed to measure the home‐based cardiac rehabilitation self‐management behavior. The content validity index of the scale was 0.980. In exploratory factor analysis, the 5‐factor structure supported by eigenvalues and screen plot explained 74.326% of the total variation. In confirmatory factor analysis, all fitting indicators were acceptable, further supporting the construct validity of the scale. The criterion validity of the scale was 0.783. In the reliability analysis, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.882, with a dimensionality range of 0.780 to 0.936. The split‐half reliability coefficient and test–retest reliability coefficient were 0.774 and 0.770, respectively.

Conclusions

This study is the first to develop and validate a practical tool. This scale can comprehensively and accurately assess the self‐management behavior of patients with heart disease in a home‐based cardiac rehabilitation environment.
A Fuzzy Gestural AI Approach for Expressive Interactivity in Multitouch Digital Musical Instruments Based on Laban Descriptors
Authors: González-Inostroza Marie , Cádiz Rodrigo F.
Published: April 2024

One of the main research areas in the field of musical human–AI interactivity is how to incorporate expressiveness into interactive digital musical instruments (DMIs). In this study we analyzed gestures rooted in expressiveness by using AI techniques that can enhance the mapping stage of multitouch DMIs. This approach not only considers the geometric information of various gestures but also incorporates expressiveness, which is a crucial element of musicality. Our focus is specifically on multitouch DMIs, and we use expressive descriptors and a fuzzy logic model to mathematically analyze performers' finger movements. By incorporating commonly used features from the literature and adapting some of Rudolf Laban's descriptors—originally intended for full-body analysis—to finger-based multitouch systems, we aim to enrich the mapping process. To achieve this, we developed an AI algorithm based on a fuzzy control system that takes these descriptors as inputs and maps them to synthesis variables. This tool empowers DMI designers to define their own mapping rules based on expressive gestural descriptions, using musical metaphors in a simple and intuitive way. Through a user evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in capturing and representing gestural expressiveness in the case of multitouch DMIs.
Sustainable Connectivity in a Community Repository
Authors: Habermann Ted
Published: April 2024

Persistent identifiers for research objects, researchers, organizations, and funders are the key to creating unambiguous and persistent connections across the global research infrastructure (GRI). Many repositories are implementing mechanisms to collect and integrate these identifiers into their submission and record curation processes. This bodes well for a well-connected future, but metadata for existing resources submitted in the past are missing these identifiers, thus missing the connections required for inclusion in the connected infrastructure. Re-curation of these metadata is required to make these connections. This paper introduces the global research infrastructure and demonstrates how repositories, and their user communities, can contribute to and benefit from connections to the global research infrastructure. The Dryad Data Repository has existed since 2008 and has successfully re-curated the repository metadata several times, adding identifiers for research organizations, funders, and researchers. Understanding and quantifying these successes depends on measuring repository and identifier connectivity. Metrics are described and applied to the entire repository here. Identifiers (Digital Object Identifiers, DOIs) for papers connected to datasets in Dryad have long been a critical part of the Dryad metadata creation and curation processes. Since 2019, the portion of datasets with connected papers has decreased from 100% to less than 40%. This decrease has significant ramifications for the re-curation efforts described above as connected papers have been an important source of metadata. In addition, missing connections to papers make understanding and re-using datasets more difficult. Connections between datasets and papers can be difficult to make because of time lags between submission and publication, lack of clear mechanisms for citing datasets and other research objects from papers, changing focus of researchers, and other obstacles. The Dryad community of members, i.e. users, research institutions, publishers, and funders have vested interests in identifying these connections and critical roles in the curation and re-curation efforts. Their engagement will be critical in building on the successes Dryad has already achieved and ensuring sustainable connectivity in the future.
God’s Theatre: Global Conceptions of Space in the Early Modern Mennonite Diaspora, c. 1550–1800
Authors: Hill Kat
Published: April 2024

In 1598 the Schottland Bible, a large, printed volume, was produced for the Danzig Mennonites, decorated with maps. Space and landscape were essential to their self-conception. This chapter offers an original way of conceptualizing global Protestant cultures through an examination of the interconnected spaces in early modern Mennonite diasporic communities. This chapter will focus in particular on the way in which Mennonites who migrated from the Netherlands to the Vistula delta in the sixteenth century expressed connected confessional identities through space. Space is essential if scholarship is to construct a narrative of global Protestantisms. Lacking the notion of the universal church which connects global Catholic cultures, scholars of the global in early modern Protestantism face a challenge in the spatial frameworks they might adopt. The chapter will focus on three types of Mennonite space – past, present, and future – as a way of reconceptualizing global Protestantisms.
“Doubtfull beginnings”: Confronting Heterodoxy in Early Colonial Virginia, c.1607–1624
Authors: McGhee Patrick Seamus
Published: April 2024

Efforts among English Protestants to counter heterodox ideas and individuals in early colonial Virginia profoundly shaped the global trajectories of Reformed theology and identity. The authors of colonial sermons, legal documents, and reports channeled the priorities of reformation and evangelism into the religious politics of the Atlantic world, thereby reinforcing theological and structural connections between religion and empire. To do so, they deployed multifarious heterodox personae: atheists, Catholics, and sinners seemed poised to destabilize Christianity, while Indigenous “heathen” people could convert to Christianity and might be saved. Ultimately, these labels reveal more about the volatile origins of global Protestantism than the realities of heterodoxy. They fostered a trans-Atlantic Protestant identity preoccupied with mitigating uncertainty and disorder by intensifying the expansionist dimensions of providence, prophecy, sin, and salvation. This strengthened reciprocity between the Church of England and colonization, nurturing the perception that Virginia was a frontier of global expansion.
Dewey and Bentley’s Knowing and the Known
Authors: Heglar Laurence
Published: April 2024

The book that Dewey co-authored with Arthur Bentley, Knowing and the Known, has long resisted coherent interpretation in relation to his previous work. This article suggests that we look at his work from a methodological rather than a metaphysical point of view. This requires looking first at what he was doing with his concepts and only secondly to their content. The whole purpose of his philosophy was to construct an account which, when used, would draw our attention to observable phenomena and have the consequence of promoting empirical inquiry.
Quantum International Law Theories: Towards an Inclusive International Investment-Security Construct
Authors: Li Xinyue
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the foreign investment landscape that have affected investors and States around the world. These transitions can be broadly categorised into two hypotheses: international to domestic in the liberalisation continuum and legalisation to politicisation in the geoeconomic order. While these hypotheses seek to capture the changing investment-security dynamics, none satisfactorily comprehend classical irreconciliation. In response, this study proposes a novel trinity of quantum international law theories that extrapolates quantum entanglement, measurement, and holism theories through analogy, ontology, and post-critique approaches to inspire multidisciplinary insights. It outlines the justifications for using quantum theories in international law-making and policymaking, the extrapolated fundamentals, and the trinity application approaches by testing two variations of the trinity. The study results help move beyond unproductive debates on ‘economics versus security’ and offer international lawmakers and policymakers a new thinking model that can be applied to ‘everything’ multidisciplinary.
Italian Studies: Settecento
Authors: Merida Raphael
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Italian Studies.
Italian Studies: Novecento and the Contemporary Period: Poetry
Authors: Regosa Alessandro
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Italian Studies.
Romanian Studies: Literature
Authors: Stan Adriana
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Romanian Studies.
Scottish Gaelic Studies: Language, Linguistics, and Literature
Authors: Dymock Emma , Mathis Kate L.
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Scottish Gaelic Studies.
Occitan Studies: Language and Linguistics
Authors: Klingebiel Kathryn
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Occitan Studies.
Spanish-American Studies: 1900 to the Present Day
Authors: Carpenter Victoria
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Spanish-American Studies.
Catalan Studies: Medieval Literature
Authors: Marfany Marta
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Catalan Studies.
Czech and Slovak Studies: Language, Linguistics, and Literature
Authors: Beilinson Orel
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Czech and Slovak Studies.
Russian Studies: Literature, 1700–1800
Authors: Panova Olga B. , Mitchell Peter J.
Published: April 2024

This is a critical bibliographical survey of academic studies published in 2022 in the area of Russian Studies.
Relationship between soil porosity and the apparent density of Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae) wood
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo de Almeida , Teixeira de Moraes Mario Luiz , Cambuim José , Tomazello Filho Mario , Martins Aline Redondo
Published: April 2024

Plants can modify their anatomy and physiology to improve their survival. Water stress is one of several factors that have been identified as potential wood modifiers. This study aimed to analyse whether soil physical properties and dioecy influence the wood density of Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae). Samples of A. fraxinifolium trees were obtained from 20 male and 20 female individuals in two fields (an impacted area (IA) and a non-impacted area (NIA)) and the physical properties of soils from both areas were analysed. The apparent densities of the bark-to-bark wood samples were determined by X-ray densitometry. The apparent density values were calculated using QMS software. The IA soil showed lower porosity (macroporosity and microporosity) than the NIA soil. The wood densities of IA trees differed significantly, with IA trees having higher values than the NIA trees. The results indicated that trees growing in soils with low porosity and high soil bulk density had higher wood density. Based on the results of this study, which showed that species in areas with compacted soils had relatively high wood densities, it was concluded that A. fraxinifolium trees in environments with low water availability have dense wood with conducting vessels of large diameters. None of the wood features were influenced by the dioecy of A. fraxinifolium.
Immunity-related genes can serve as early diagnostic markers for infection in housefly rearing systems
Authors: Voulgari-Kokota A. , Slijfer R. , Beukeboom L.W. , Falcao Salles J. , Wertheim B.
Published: April 2024

Farming of houseflies, as well as of other insects, could become a sustainable alternative for producing high-protein animal feed. Although promising, this comes with particular challenges, including monitoring insect health in large-scale farming facilities. In this study, we tested if the expression patterns of immunity-related genes could serve as early diagnostic markers for disease and help prevent infection spread with detrimental effects. We introduced a commonly used bacterial entomopathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis, in the housefly larval substrate and monitored larval biomass changes, pupation, and gene expression of three immunity-related genes: PGRP, defensin, and cecropin. We performed the infection assay for two strains of different geographic origins at two temperatures and with two concentrations of the bacterial inoculum. We found that gene expression was faster in indicating differences between larvae grown in treated and untreated substrate compared to monitoring larval growth and pupation. Most strikingly, although there were no significant effects on larval biomass for 48 hours after the substrate inoculation, the effects on gene expression in some cases manifested already two hours post substrate inoculation. As the two housefly strains showed different response speeds in gene upregulation, there is a need for more frequent routine testing to define which response levels could be considered as an alarm. We conclude that monitoring immunity-related genes and microbial surveys of insect-rearing substrates can be used to diagnose infection and prevent its spread early in mass-rearing settings.
Translingual Islam: The Perso-Arabic Cosmopolis in China
Authors: Ha Guangtian
Published: April 2024

This article uncovers the hitherto lesser-known histories of the Perso-Arabic cosmopolis as exists among China’s Sinophone Muslims. Drawing on reprinted manuscripts and published secondary literature in Arabic, Persian, and Chinese, I show a continual evolution of this cosmopolis as it articulates with Chinese through rigorous works of translation, transliteration, and a more encompassing mode of translingual conversion. This linguistic feat is enabled by a transregional network where the wider Indian Ocean world is drawn closer to China, while China becomes but one node, though frequently the destination for the global circulation of Islamic texts and ideas. This article aims to offer a detailed description of this Perso-Arabic cosmopolis and help us acquire a more comprehensive understanding of the rich lives of Arabic and Persian in the eastern Indian Ocean world.
Resolving incongruences in insect phylogenomics: A reply to Boudinot et al. (2023)
Authors: CAI CHEN-YANG , TIHELKA ERIK , PISANI DAVIDE , DONOGHUE PHILIP C. J.
Published: April 2024

Over the last two decades, advances in molecular phylogenetics have established a new understanding of beetle phylogeny. However, some historically contentious relationships, particularly among early-diverging beetle clades, remain to be resolved. In a recent paper (Cai et al., 2022), we identified model-dependent signals in beetle phylogeny and showed how the removal of the most compositionally heterogeneous sites, in combination with the use of across-site compositionally heterogeneous models leads to results that are more congruent with the distribution of morphological characters and the beetle fossil record. In their reply, Boudinot et al. (2023) suggested that our analyses are affected by a range of shortcomings, encompassing almost every aspect of our study. Unfortunately, the arguments presented by Boudinot et al. (2023) are based on misinterpretation of the results of statistical tests, as well as misconceptions concerning substitution models, model testing and its role in phylogenomics. Here we clarify these misconceptions and show that the critiques raised by Boudinot et al. (2023) have no merit.
Identification of Biomarkers for Endometrial Cancer Based on Natural Killer Cell-Related Genes
Authors: Wang Dan , Zheng Qianwen , Wu Xiaofang , Qiu Na , Li Junshu , Pan Changqing
Published: April 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a malignant tumor. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in various cancers, but their role in EC is unclear. To this purpose, in this paper, differential expression analysis was performed on transcriptome data from the TCGA database, and the obtained
DEGs and the collected NRGs were intersected, and single-factor Cox regression analysis and Lasso-Cox regression analysis were performed on the intersected genes to obtain prognosis-related genes and risk model, respectively. These genes and models were validated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival
curve analysis and ROC analysis on the internal and external test sets. In addition, nomogram models were constructed based on prognosis-associated genes, sample risk scores, and clinical factors. Finally, we explored the immune landscape of high- and low-risk groups of EC. The results showed
that the risk models constructed in this paper exhibited excellent predictive effects, which will facilitate research on the precision treatment of EC. There were significant differences in prognosis, immune cell infiltration abundance, immune checkpoint-associated genes, and HLA gene expression
between high- and low-risk groups of EC. The risk model in this paper can provide a reference for the personalized treatment of EC. In addition, we performed RT-qPCR to validate the levels of genes significantly associated with prognosis.
Effects of Petasitin as Natural Extract on Proliferation and Pathological Changes of Pediatric Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells
Authors: Li Ling , Zheng Mingjun , Meng Weixia
Published: April 2024

This research was developed to investigate the impact and mechanisms of petasitin as natural extract on the proliferation and pathological changes of pediatric neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The sample cells were selected as experimental materials and randomly rolled into a control (Ctrl),
a low-dose (LD), a medium-dose (MD), and a high-dose (HD) group, which were subjected to regular culture, 0.5, 1.5, and 5 μM/L petasitin for 12 hours, respectively. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay. Flow cytometry (FCT) was employed to assess the cycle progression and apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells, while Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was applied to observe the nuclear changes. Meanwhile, the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to measure the mRNA levels of
PI3K, PTEN, AKT1, and mTOR genes in SK-N-SH cells. Western blot was conducted to determine the protein expression levels (PELs) of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR in SK-N-SH cells. The results revealed that after treatment for 48 and 72 hours, the optical density (OD) values in
the petasitin treatment groups were lower and exhibited great differences to those in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05), while inhibition rates (IRs) were higher (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the petasitin treatment groups exhibited an obvious increase in the G1/G0 cell cycle ratio
(CCR) and a great decrease in S and G2/M phase CCR (P < 0.05). Moreover, the apoptotic rates in the petasitin treatment groups were much higher at different time points, showing observable differences with P < 0.05. Besides, the Hoechst 33258 staining positivity rates (PRs)
of SK-N-SH cell nuclei in the petasitin treatment groups were higher and presented great differences with P < 0.05 to those in the Ctrl group. In addition, the cells in petasitin treatment groups exhibited greatly downshifted mRNA levels of PI3K and AKT1 and obviously elevated PTEN
(all P < 0.05). PELs of PI3K, AKT1, and mTOR exhibited no great differences (P > 0.05), but phosphorylation levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were decreased in the petasitin treatment groups, presenting great differences with P < 0.05. Together, these results
suggested that petasitin exerted a suppressive role in proliferation and promote the apoptosis of pediatric SK-N-SH cells by adjusting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway (SPW).
Effect of Danhong Injection on Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Rabbits with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhao Fei , Wang Mian
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Danhong injection nanoparticle (DIN) plus warm acupuncture (WA) on articular cartilage degeneration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rabbits. First, the KOA model and DIN were made. After success, the rabbits were randomly grouped:
according to the treatment methods: controls, DIN, WA, and DIN+WA groups, with 10 rabbits in each group. The controls did not receive any treatment, and the other groups received corresponding treatment intervention, respectively. Through treatment, articular cartilage samples were collected.
The bone morphology, LequesneMG score, Mankin score were analyzed. The safranin-fast green, toluidine blue, Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL), and immunohistochemical staining were observed. The levels of apoptosis-related factors were determined.
The results showed that the KOA rabbit model and DIN were successfully constructed. Compared with other groups, the LequesneMG and Mankin scores of DIN+WA group decreased markedly (P < 0.05). Safranin-fast green and toluidine blue staining showed that the number of chondrocytes in
DIN+WA group was markedly increased, which was more as against other groups. TUNEL staining revealed that the number of apoptotic chondrocytes was markedly reduced, and the apoptotic index was markedly lower in DIN+WA group as against other three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with
other groups, Bax and Caspase-3 were markedly decreased, and Bcl-2 was markedly raised in DIN+WA group (P < 0.05). According to the review, the combined application of DIN and WA can promote the growth of chondrocytes, inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and effectively improve
the degeneration of knee articular cartilage, which has application value.
Jaranol Loaded in Ferroferric Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibits the Activities of Liver Cancer Cell Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Lan Chuan , Liu Zhi , Zhou Guojun , Lv Qijun
Published: April 2024

Liver cancer is highly aggressive and the MEK/ERK signaling regulates tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Jaranol is a natural product with anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects in several tumors. However, its interaction with the MEK/ERK pathway in liver cancer is unclear.
This study explores whether ferroferric oxide nanoparticles-loaded Jaranol inhibits proliferation and metastasis in liver cancer cell Hep3B by regulating MEK/ERK signaling, and its underlying mechanism. Fe3O4-Jaranol nanoparticles were prepared and used in Hep3B experiments
to observe the biological efficacy of Fe3O4-Jaranol, and further explore its effect and mechanism on the MEK/ERK pathway using PCR, WB, etc. Fe3O4-Jaranol were successfully prepared with a certain tumor suppressor effect in liver cancer. The expression
of MEK/ERK was increased in liver cancer. Inhibiting its pathway activity suppressed the development of liver cancer. Trametinib and C16-PAF were used to inhibit Hep3B respectively. MEK expression in cells treated with Trametinib was reduced accompanied by a low expression of ERK, while the
expression of MEK and ERK levels in the C16-PAF group showed an opposite trend, indicating that Trametinib, C16-PAF successfully intervened on MEK and ERK. Further analysis of the activity of Hep3B cells found that the proliferation ability of the Trametinib group was significantly inhibited.
Fe3O4-Jaranol significantly inhibited liver cancer cell Hep3B and this effect was accomplished by inhibiting MEK/ERK signaling, causing tumor cell proliferation to be restricted and reducing the ability to metastasize. This research result provides strong evidence for
a deep understanding of the mechanism of Jaranol in treating liver cancer, so as to better guide clinical practice.
17β-Estradiol Nanoparticles Increase Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Through Akt Pathway in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zuo Zongchao , Wang Limei , Liu Xinyu , Meng Ruoxi , Wang Shaozheng , Gao Yuchen , Zhang Jie , Wu Dandan , Wang Lin
Published: April 2024

17β-estradiol can effectively slow down progression of myocardial infarction (MI), and is expected to have more curative effects. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism underlying cardioprotective role of 17β-estradiol NPs in rats with MI. After construction
of rat MI model and preparation of 17β-estradiol NPs, the rats were administered with 17β-estradiol alone, 17β-estradiol NPs and Akt agonist or inhibitor. Distribution of 17β-estradiol NPs was observed by fluorescence microscope and release curve
was detected. After treatment, echocardiography was conducted to measure the cardiac function indicators. With HE staining to observe myocardial tissue, RT-qPCR and Western blot determined levels of AKT and eNOS. The NPs were relatively uniform in size and round in shape; and cumulative release
rate and concentration of 17β-estradiol in rats reached highest level on 30th day. Treatment with 17β-estradiol or 17β-estradiol NPs importantly increased survival rate of MI rats and decreased MI area while improving LVSP, LVDP, and HR. Moreover, the 17β-estradiol
NPs had the smallest MI area. The myocardial tissue of rats in the 17β-estradiol NP group was closely arranged, and myocardial collagen was significantly reduced. The 17β-estradiol NPs increased the mRNA level of eNOS and Akt when eNOS expression was related to Akt
expression. 17β-estradiol NPs can therefore increase the expression of eNOS by activating Akt signaling pathway, thereby relieving the myocardial injury in rats, hindering progression of MI.
Evaluation of the Rehabilitation Effect of Nanometric Ion Medicine Steam Combined with Facial Muscle Training in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Fan Lin , Liu Zhigang , Yu Li , Ji Wenbin
Published: April 2024

This work aimed to investigate the rehabilitation effect of nanometer ion medicine steaming combined with facial muscle training in the treatment of post-stroke peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFNP), and to analyze the therapeutic effect of artificial skin continuous negative pressure
drainage on stroke pressure ulcers. 120 patients with post-stroke PFNP who were admitted to Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine were recruited and rolled into the medicine steaming group (MS group, nanometer ion medicine steam) and the joint group (J group, nanometer ion medicine
steam plus facial muscle training). The treatment effects, facial functional recovery, and pressure ulcer treatment outcomes were compared between patients in different groups. Results: After treatment, the facial disability index scores and facial nerve function scores of both groups
of patients greatly increased, with a more drastic increase in J group (P < 0.05), so did the scores of various traditional Chinese medicine symptoms (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of patients in J group with facial function classified as level I or level II was
obviously higher (P < 0.05). The treatment effectiveness and satisfaction rate in J group were dramatically superior to in MS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the joint treatment of nanometer ion medicine steam and facial muscle training has a significant effect in
the rehabilitation of post-stroke PFNP, with faster facial functional recovery and higher patient acceptance.
Heat Generation/Absorption in MHD Double Diffusive Mixed Convection of Different Nanofluids in a Trapezoidal Enclosure
Authors: Mondal Priyajit , Mahapatra T. R. , Parveen Rujda , Saha Bikash C.
Published: April 2024

Numerical simulation of MHD double-diffusive mixed convection flow of different nanofluids in a trapezoidal enclosure is performed with an internal heat generation/absorption source inside the enclosure. The nondimensional momentum, heat and mass equations are solved numerically by
using the finite difference method. The present study focused mainly on the increment of the rate of heat and mass transfer using internal heat generation or absorption sources inside a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity. Considering numerous governing parameters (Q = −5 to 5, Ha
= 0 to 30, Ri = 0.01 to 100) the flow velosity, temperature and concentration profiles are calculated for various nanofluids. Graphs and numerical tables are utilized to examine how different physical entities affect the distribution of flow, temperature and concentration. It is noted
that enhancing values of Ha reduces the mass and heat transfer rate. It is observed that heat generation/absorption significantly affect the heat transfer rate as internal heat generation source increases heat transmission rather than mass transfer. The involvement of heat generation/absorption
source significantly affects the heat transfer rate. By considering Al2O3-water nanofluid, the solid volume percentage has an accelerating effect on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as compared to the other nanofluids in the study.
Double Diffusive Convection with Cross-Diffusion Effects in Hybrid Nanoliquids in an Inclined Slot
Authors: Gayathri M. , Pranesh S. , Siddheshwar P. G.
Published: April 2024

This novel study examines the effects of cross-diffusion, and nanoparticles on a hybrid nanoliquid undergoing double-diffusive convection in an inclined slot. The hybrid nanoliquid considered is unique and it contains a mixture of base liquid to which nanoparticles are suspended. The
thermophysical properties of the hybrid nanoliquid are calculated using phenomenological laws and mixture theory. The results are compared with the case of mono nanoliquid and hybrid nanoliquid with one base liquid and two nanoparticles. In order to study the convective system, the shooting
method along with Runge-Kutta 4th order method is employed, and the results are illustrated graphically. It is noticed that the solutal Rayleigh number, Soret parameter and inclination of the plates delay the onset of convection, while the Dufour parameter, diffusivity ratio, and the addition
of nanoparticles advance the onset of the convection.
Investigation of Generalized Fourier and Fick’s Law of Electro-Osmotic MHD Two-Phase Flow of Dusty Hybrid Ferrofluid Through Inclined Microchannel
Authors: Khan Dolat , Ali Gohar , Kumam Poom
Published: April 2024

Numerous industries, including biology and medicine, stand to benefit greatly from the cutting-edge use of electro-osmotic MHD flow of hybrid Ferro fluid via a microchannel. To investigate the electroosmotic MHD flow of a hybrid Ferro fluid with dust particles, we use a microchannel
inclined vertically. We also take into account the magnetic field’s transverse component. The impacts of heat and mass transfer within this fluid system are the focus of this investigation. Partial differential equations are a powerful tool for modeling the aforementioned physical phenomena.
The classical system is further fractionalized into a nondimensional form by using suitable nondimensional variables, free of dimensions, the generalized Fourier transform, and Fick’s rule. The Caputo derivative is used as a starting point for generalizations. The analytical solutions
for the velocity (containing the hybrid Ferro fluid and dusty fluid), temperature, and concentration profiles are obtained using a mixture of Laplace and Fourier methods. The research looks at how things like temperature, stress (Grashof, Schmidt, and Prandtl numbers), and the dusty fluid
parameter affect one another. The concentration distributions are analyzed, and graphs are presented to help visualize the results. The average values for the Sherwood number, the heat transfer rate, and the coefficient of skin friction are provided. Notably, the fractional models provide
more leeway in finding workable solutions since they are more precise. All things considered, it seems that these strategies are quite beneficial. The hybrid Ferro fluid has the capacity to effectively modify the velocity boundary layer and has a greater heat transfer rate than both nanofluid
and conventional fluid.
LBM Simulation of Free Convection Heat Transfer of Cu/Water Nanofluid in Inclined Cavity with Non-Uniform Heating Temperature Distribution
Authors: Chelia Walid , Laouer Abdelghani , Mezaache El Hacene
Published: April 2024

In the present study, natural convection of Cu/water nanofluid in an inclined square cavity has been investigated numerically using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The left wall of the cavity is maintained at a constant hot temperature, while the right wall is subjected to non-uniform
temperature distribution. The upper and lower walls are insulated. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated over a wide range of parameters, including Rayleigh numbers (Ra = 103, 104 and 105), solid volume fractions (Φ
= 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%), amplitude ratio (A = 0, 0.5 and 1) and phase deviations of sinusoidal temperature distribution (Φ = 0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4 and π). The results are presented graphically in the form of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt
numbers for the different combinations of the considered parameters. The heat transfer rate inside the nanofluid increases as the Rayleigh number and the volume fraction of nanoparticles increase. Further, an increase in the amplitude ratio results in a decrease in the heat transfer rate,
with a reduction of up to 8.67% at A = 1. On the other hand, changes in the phase deviation of the sinusoidal temperature distribution lead to an increase in the heat transfer rate, with a surge of up to 32.04% observed at Φ = π.
Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convective Flow in a Vertical Microchannel with Heat Sink
Authors: Prathap Kumar J. , Umavathi J. C. , Patil Shivaleela
Published: April 2024

Electrically conducting fluid flowing past a micro-channel is investigated in the presence of heat sink. The governing equations of the system are non-dimensionalzed by using suitable dimensionless quantities. Exact solutions are computed for the momentum, energy, volume flow rate,
skin friction and the rate of heat transfer. The impact of flow controlling factors like the fluid-wall interaction parameter, the rarefaction parameter, Hartmann number, suction/injection, and heat sink are presented pictorially. Results show that the velocity is augmented with rarefaction
parameter whereas it is decelerated with fluid-wall interaction, Hartmann number, and heat sink for all values of temperature difference ratio. Injection retards the flow whereas suction accelerates the flow. The volumetric flow rate decreases for asymmetric heating and increases for symmetric
heating. The heat sink parameter increases the rate of heat transfer at the right plate whereas it decreases at the left plate. The results which are analyzed have applications in modelling the combustion heat exchangers and nuclear energy.
Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics Casson Fluid Flow Past a Non-Linearly Stretching Surface with Nanoparticles
Authors: Abera Jima Seyoum , Firdi Mitiku Daba , Rikitu Ebba Hindebu
Published: April 2024

This article, the three-dimensional flow of a casson fluid over a non-linearly stretching surface by bilateral directions along the xy-plane under boundary layer approximation is estimated. We have considered the the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the condition of natural
convective over the stretching surface. Moreover, The influences of boundary condition at temperatures and nanoparticles in motion are thermophoresis, Brownian motion and radiation are considered. The method of solved equation by using the appropriate transformations, the system non-linear
partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions is transformed into coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. The numerical solutions of the mathematics formulated equations are solved by using a Runge–Kutta method with a shooting technique. The new obtained
results are checked with previously published work for special cases of the problem in order to access the accuracy of numerical method and the convergency between are found to be in excellent agreement through ratified by tabular results. The emerging parameters behavior are discussed graphically
in the form of velocity, temperature and fraction of nanoparticles. The number of Nusselt and number of Sherwood are calculated by numerical computations solution are expressed by tabular results. We have observed that the assignment denoted by parameters characteristics have significant effect
on flow, transfer of heat and mass. Generally, The results are expressed by graphically, in tabular form and the physical aspects of the problem are determined.
Insights Into Viscosity/Thermal Conductivity of a Micropolar Nanofluid Flow Near a Horizontal Cylinder
Authors: Elgazery Nasser S. , Abd Elazem Nader Y.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is examining the changes in viscosity and thermal conductivity of a micropolar nanofluid on a horizontal cylinder, specifically on the axisymmetric stagnation inflow. Nanofluid viscosity is known to exhibit an exponential change with temperature, while thermal
conductivity was found as a linear with temperature to enhance the heat transfer rates of nanofluid flow by numerical calculations. A horizontal circular cylinder with an axisymmetric stationary point was the subject of the mathematical model, which described an incompressible, constant micropolar
nanofluid flow over it. The importance of predicting heat and mass transfer for a horizontal cylinder are common in many applications, including refrigerator condensers and flat-plate solar collectors. For this reason, it is imperative to study heat and mass transfer in horizontal cylinder
geometries. Furthermore, taken into account were fluid temperature factors like nanofluid viscosity and micro-rotation viscosity. It introduced aluminum oxide nanoparticles to two common fluids: pure water and ethylene glycol. It was capable of to estimate the pressure gradient profiles, temperature
gradient profiles, shear stress, Nusselt number, angular and azimuthal velocities, and curvature parameters for various numerical values of micropolar, variable viscosity/thermal conductivity, and curvature. An exact match is found in a table that contrasts the current numerical computation
with the published data. Based on our simulation results, it seems that the temperature profile variation for both pure water with alumina nanoparticles and ethylene glycol is significantly influenced by the Reynolds number and the viscosity/thermal conductivity characteristics of the nanofluid.
Nevertheless, the micropolar parameter barely makes a difference. Furthermore, the concavity of the pressure profiles is pushed upwards, and it appears that the pressure biographies for ethylene glycol are more pressure-intensive than those for pure water. By increasing the value of the variable
viscosity parameter of the nanofluids, it can be achieved to discern clearly between the angular velocity profiles in the two scenarios. Engineers and researchers working on propulsion technology for missiles, airplanes, and spacecraft can especially benefit from these perceptions.
Using Median Point in Keeling Plot to Reduce the Uncertainty of the Isotopic Composition of Evapotranspiration
Authors: Yuan Yusen , Wang Lixin , Wei Zhongwang , Ajami Hoori , Wang Honglang , Du Taisheng
Published: April 2024

The isotopic composition of evapotranspiration δET is a crucial parameter in isotope-based evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning and moisture recycling studies. The Keeling plot method is the most prevalent method to calculate δET, though it contains large extrapolated uncertainties from the least squares regression. Traditional Keeling regression uses the mean point of individual measurements. Here, a modified Keeling plot framework was proposed using the median point of individual measurements. We tested the δET uncertainty using the mean point [σET (mean)] and median point [σET (median)]. Multiple resolutions of input and output data from six independent sites were used to test the performance of the two methods. The σET (mean) would be greater than σET (median) when the mean value of inverse vapor concentration () is greater than the median value of inverse vapor concentration []. When applying the filter of r2 > 0.8, around 70% of σET (mean) was greater than σET (median). This phenomenon might be due to the normality of the vapor concentration Cυ producing the asymmetric distribution of 1/Cυ. The median method could perform significantly better than the mean method when inputting high-resolution measurements (e.g., 1 Hz) and when the water vapor concentration Cυ is relatively low. Compared to the mean method, applying the median method could on average reduce 6.88% of ET partitioning uncertainties and could on average reduce 9.00% of moisture recycling uncertainties. This study provided a new insight of the Keeling plot method and emphasized handling model output uncertainty from multiple perspectives instead of only from input parameters.
Mesoscale Eddies and Near-Inertial Internal Waves Modulate Seasonal Variations of Vertical Shear Variance in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Shang Gong , Zhang Zhiwei , Guan Shoude , Huang Xiaodong , Zhou Chun , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei
Published: April 2024

Diapycnal mixing in the South China Sea (SCS) is commonly attributed to the vertical shear variance S2 of horizontal ocean current velocity, but the seasonal modulation of S2 is still poorly understood due to the scarcity of long-term velocity observations. Here, this issue is explored in detail based on nearly 10-yr-long acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity data from a mooring in the northern SCS. We find that S2 in the northern SCS exhibits significant seasonal variations at both the near-surface (90–180 m) and subsurface (180–400 m) layers, but their seasonal cycles and modulation mechanisms are quite different. For the near-surface layer, S2 is stronger in late summer, autumn, and winter but weaker in spring and early summer, while in the subsurface layer, it is much stronger in winter than in other seasons. Further analysis suggests that in the near-surface layer, the stronger S2 in autumn and winter is primarily caused by typhoon-induced near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) and the large subinertial (SI) velocity shear of the baroclinic mesoscale eddies, respectively. With respect to the subsurface layer, the enhanced wintertime S2 is primarily associated with the “inertial chimney” effect of anticyclonic eddies, trapping wind-forced downward-propagating NIWs and significantly increasing the near-inertial shear at the critical layer. The findings in this study highlight the potentially important roles of mesoscale eddies and NIWs in modulating the seasonality of upper-ocean mixing in the northern SCS. This modulation is attributed not only to the strong shear of these features but also to their interactions.

Significance Statement

Vertical shear variance of velocity S2 significantly modulates turbulent mixing in the thermocline, but its climatologically seasonal variations and the associated mechanisms are still obscure due to the scarcity of long-term in situ velocity data. By analyzing nearly a decade of velocity data, we reveal significant seasonal variations in S2 at different ocean layers in the northern SCS and uncover different seasonal cycles and modulation mechanisms. The study sheds light on the pivotal roles of mesoscale eddies and near-inertial internal waves in modulating seasonality of S2 in the upper ocean. These findings have important implications for improving mixing parameterizations in numerical models.