bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Different Intermittent Irrigation Management and Planting Distances on Yield and Yield Components of Rice Plant in Northern Iran
Authors: Sabokrow Foomani Kamyar , Sayfzadeh Saeed , Ali Nia Faramarz , Valad Abadi Seyed Alireza , Yazdani Mohammadreza
Published: March 2021

In this study, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three iterations, for two years, in Gilan province (Iran), to investigate the impact of periodic irrigation and different planting distances on yield and yield components of rice plant. The irrigation was performed at five levels, I1, daily flooding irrigation (control treatment) and I2, I3, I4 and I5, every 5, 8, 10, and 15-days, respectively, as the main factor. Meanwhile, the planting distances were at four levels (S1: 20 × 20, S2: 25 × 25, S3: 15 × 30, and S4: 20 × 30 cm) as the sub factor. The simple effects of irrigation, as well as planting distance on all traits except harvest index, were significant at the level of 1%. In addition, the interaction of irrigation and planting distance on seed yield, plant height, number of seeds per panicle, biological yield, and water use were also significant at the level of 1%. The 20 × 20 planting distance resulted in the best conditions for the rice plant at different stress severities, thus, a 20 × 20 planting distance is appropriate in order to achieve good yield. Meanwhile, of the irrigation levels, 5-day irrigation led to the highest yield. The 5-day irrigation produced higher yield compared to flooding irrigation, and is therefore suitable for achieving higher yields as well as for water conservation, a major agricultural problem.
Bio-fertilizer Impact on Production Efficiency and Yield of Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars Under Water Deficiency
Authors: Memari-Tabrizi Elnaz Farajzadeh- , Babashpour-Asl Marzieh
Published: March 2021

The application of bio-fertilizer (Glomus mosseae) and the selection of suitable cultivars are simple solutions to mitigate stress conditions such as water deficiency. This study was conducted in 2016 as a split-plot that was based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The effects of irrigation level, bio-fertilizer application and cultivar type on the reproductive efficiency and yield of corn were compared in the field experiment. Irrigation levels (after 70, 110 and 150 mm of pan evaporation) were placed as the main factor in the main plots. Application and non-application of bio-fertilizer (Glomus mosseae) as well as cultivar type (cultivars, 640 and 704) were placed in the subplots to study the physiological differences, reproductive efficiency, and yield of corn. This study showed that the cultivars performed differently in their response to water deficiency. The highest grain yield for 704 cultivars was obtained when we applied irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from pan. When subjected to the treatment of irrigation after 110 and 150 mm evaporation from pan, lower grain yield per unit area of 19% and 50.6%, respectively was recorded. The 640 cultivars produced less yield under full irrigation than 704 cultivars. Water deficiency had no beneficial effects on grain yield per unit area (P > 0.01). It was also observed that bio-fertilizer treatment increased the corn yield by 25.2 %. Water deficiency, bio-fertilizer and cultivar type affected the grain yield as differences were observed in the main components of kernel row number and 100-kernel weight. Water deficiency had no beneficial effects on ‘chlorophyll a’ content, but decreased the content of chlorophyll b. Water deficiency and bio-fertilizer application caused an increase in the catalase and peroxidase content. The best plant per­formance was observed in plants grown under complete bio-fertilizer (704 cultivar) and at after 70 mm irrigation level. Bio-fertilizers can be used in order to improve corn production and also as environmentally friendly fertilizers under deficit irrigation regimes.
Detection of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizospheric soil of agricultural crops in Erode district
Authors: S Sharmila. , M Anusha. , .S Vinothini , .E.K Ramya , .S Mownika
Published: March 2021

Phosphorus is a second key plant nutrient and the ‘kingpin’ in Indian agriculture, occupies an exclusive position both in conventional as well as in alternative agriculture. However, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) converts the insoluble phosphate into biologically available form through the production of organic acids. Hence, the present study explored the presence of PSB from the Karavalasu agricultural field, Sivagiri, Erode District. The percentages of bacterial solubilization were 14.40 % to 60.70 % in non rhizospheric and rhizospheric crops adhering to root soils respectively.Out of 14 morphologically distinct isolates of PSB, two isolates (PSB8 and PSB11) displayed high P solubilization efficiency on solid medium amended with tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 as the insoluble source (0.2 %). They were further characterized and continued with identification used by Picovskaya’s selective medium. The selective medium was incubated for 48 hours at a temperature of 37°C. The characterization was done for two strains by looking at the colony morphology and biochemical properties. The isolates showed the optimum pH for growth of the organism was pH 7 and the optimum temperature was 37 °C. Two strains exhibited significant release of P at the concentrations of 1.96 and 2.26 mg/l by PSB – 8 and PSB – 11 respectively on 10th day of incubation in broth medium amended with Ca3(PO4)2. The strains released acids as evident by decline in pH of the broth medium. They also secreted IAA with the maximum of 17.06 mg/l by PSB - 8 with Ca3(PO4)2 as a source of P. The potential strains for P solubilization were identified using 16S rRNA as Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for further application as bioinoculants to agricultural fields. Finally we afford some indication that the use of Phosphate solubilising microorganisms will support sustainable agriculture and conclude that this knowledge is ready for commercial utilization in various regions worldwide. Keywords: ,
Biodegradation of sago effluent by white- rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Vivekanandhan K. , Ayyappadas M. P. , Abirami S. K. Gangai , Devi R.Renuga , Shobana M. Flory , Priya V.Subha , Mani V. Manon
Published: March 2021

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was isolated by serial dilution from sago effluent taken from Attur Sago and Starch Treatment Plant Company Ltd, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India.The NTG (N-Methyl N-Nitrosoguanidine) treated organisms with high concentration of glucose showed considerable increase in the sago effluent degradation. The mutated organisms were effective in degrading phenolic compounds and cyanide to a greater extent. In the absence of glucose, wild type isolates produced the least amount of enzyme. However, the concentration of glucose on wild type Phanerochaete chrysosporium could be increased in enzyme production. NTG was used to improve the efficiency of strain for better biodegradation. The efficiency of biodegraded sago effluent increases the rate of seed germination. The isolated Phanerochaete chrysosporium is therefore able to grow using diluted sago effluent as sole carbon source and also reduces the colour of the effluent, decreases chlorides, phenolic contents, COD, BOD and cyanides, thus providing an eco-friendly relation to the society. The effect of sago effluent to inhibit the growth of seeds was overcome by the treatment of the effluent with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Sago effluent was chosen for the project, since it pollutes the ground water, after air pollution. Sago factories release large amount of effluent containing solid and liquid wastes. The heavy load of organic content and lower pH affects the soil. The aim of the present study was to analyse the degradation of effluent by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A comparative analysis was done with biodegraded effluent and untreated effluents.
“THIS MADE THEM SAID AN 'ÉGUA' IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CONVERSATION” – TRANSLINGUAGEM E IDENTIDADE AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Hall Silvia Cristina Barros de Souza
Published: March 2021

Este artigo traz uma experiência que evidenciou como a translinguagem funcionou como uma forma benéfica de se trabalhar a língua inglesa na Amazônia na visão dos próprios participantes. A experiência ocorreu em uma disciplina onde futuros professores discutiram não só as particularidades estruturais da língua inglesa, mas também se engajaram em um novo modo de pensar a língua. Através de práticas orais e narrativas, identificou-se que os alunos participantes translinguajavam de modo que pudessem renegociar línguas e culturas, apropriando-se delas.
A caminho de uma Filologia das Literaturas do mundo: uma abordagem da obra WeltFraktale
Authors: Schöninger Carla Luciane Klos
Published: March 2021

Este texto traz uma resenha da obra WeltFraktale: Wege durch die Literaturen der Welt, o qual foi publicado no ano de 2017 e está estruturado em cinco capítulos: Theorie -Auf dem Weg zu einer Philologie der Literaturen der Welt; Vektoren- Politische und kritische Potentiale relationaler Philologie; Arquipel I- Occidentes-Orientes; ZeitRäume-Vom Lebenswissen der Literaturen der Welt e Archipel II- America(s) transareal. Nos diferentes capítulos Ette traça linhas que partem de uma abordagem dos métodos dos estudos filológicos e da comparação entre os conceitos: Literatura universal e Literaturas do mundo. O conceito Literaturas do mundo contrasta com o conceito histórico de Goethe (Weltliteratur), sendo algo novo, pois abrange diferentes lógicas de escrita e de interpretação. Em WeltFraktale: Wege durch die Literaturen der Welt, Ottmar Ette ilustra os estudos filológicos pelas múltiplas perspectivas e lógicas, considerando movimentos de transárea nas Literaturas do mundo. O textos passam a ser investigados em pensamentos arquipélagos complexos, tendo na obra de arte, na lírica e na prosa, exemplos de fractais que se completam em sua significação e sentido e “nesse fractal do mundo se representa um mundo inteiro” (ETTE, 2019).
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Vescia Zanini Claudio
Published: March 2021

Apresentação do dossiê n. 69 - Estudos do Gótico
Analisis Kebutuhan dan Biaya Alat Berat untuk Pekerjaan Pemadatan Lapisan Permukaan Street-Race Circuit Mandalika
Authors: Fihani A. , Hasyim Hasyim , Karyawan I.D.M.A.
Published: March 2021

The Street-Race Circuit is being built in the Mandalika Tourism Special Economic Zone (KEK), Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The construction is targeted to be completed, before the MotoGP event on this circuit is implemented in 2021. One of the infrastructure related to this, which also really needs to be built to support the smooth running of the 2021 MotoGP is the development of access to the circuit location. The analysis carried out includes the calculation of heavy equipment productivity. Heavy equipment productivity is determined based on cycle times, production per hour, number of heavy equipment used, the amount of operating costs per hour. The analysis was carried out for the road surface layer work, namely the Asphalt Concrete Base Course (AC-BC) work. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the production for 1 unit of asphalt mixing plant (AMP) was 49.80 tons/hour and 9 units of dump trucks were 2.34 tons/hour. The spreader using the asphalt finisher can spread 109.18 tons/hour. As for the compactor, which is 18.55 tons/hour for 2 units of tandem rollers and 27.47 tons/hour for 1 unit of pneumatic tire roller. Other equipment is 9.96 m2/hour for air compressor and 2.74 liter/hour for asphalt sprayer. Meanwhile, in the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) work, several tools have the same productivity as the AC-BC job, namely asphalt mixing plant, air compressor and asphalt sprayer. Meanwhile, 13 units of Dump Trucks amounted to 2,338 tons/hour, 1 unit of asphalt finisher of 72,787 tons/hour, 3 units of tandem rollers of 12,367 tons/hour, and 1 unit of pneumatic tire roller of 18.31 tons/hour. The total cost of using heavy equipment for road surface layer work is Rp. 4,967,657,344. The total cost based on the contract document is Rp. 5,042,082,622. So that there is a difference in costs of Rp. 74,425,278.
Emphysematous gastritis
Authors: Takase Ryosuke , Hagiya Hideharu , Fukuda Naoko , Sui Osamu
Published: March 2021

An 89-year-old woman who had type 2 diabetes mellitus suddenly presented
with abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed thickening of
the wall and intramural gas in the gastric hilum, suggesting
emphysematous gastritis. The patient underwent treatment with a proton
pump inhibitor, and broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.
Unique Human and Mouse β-Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Reveal Conserved Signaling Pathways and Heterogeneous Factors
Authors: Midha Ayush , Pan Hui , Abarca Cristian , Andle Joshua , Carapeto Priscila , Bonner-Weir Susan , Aguayo-Mazzucato Cristina
Published: March 2021

The aging of pancreatic β-cells may undermine their ability to compensate for insulin resistance, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aging β-cells acquire markers of cellular senescence and develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can lead to senescence and dysfunction of neighboring cells through paracrine actions, contributing to β-cell failure. In this study, we defined the β-cell SASP signature based on unbiased proteomic analysis of conditioned media of cells obtained from mouse and human senescent β-cells and a chemically induced mouse model of DNA damage capable of inducing SASP. These experiments revealed that the β-cell SASP is enriched for factors associated with inflammation, cellular stress response, and extracellular matrix remodeling across species. Multiple SASP factors were transcriptionally upregulated in models of β-cell senescence, aging, insulin resistance, and T2D. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of islets from an in vivo mouse model of reversible insulin resistance indicated unique and partly reversible changes in β-cell subpopulations associated with senescence. Collectively, these results demonstrate the unique secretory profile of senescent β-cells and its potential implication in health and disease.
Laser welding 6061 aluminum alloy with laser cladding powder
Authors: Wang Yao-Yao , Yang Xiao-Ning , Shi Shu-Yu , Wu Zheng , Han Ri-Hong , Qi Hai-Bo
Published: March 2021

To solve the problem of low absorption and welding surface collapse in the laser welding of the 6061 aluminum alloy, the powder was first added to the surface of the weld by laser cladding. The effect of laser cladding powder type on the microstructure and hardness of the 6061 aluminum alloy was studied. The results show that laser cladding of single Al powder, Si powder, and Ni powder can all improve laser absorption during laser welding of aluminum alloy, but each material has specific limitations, such as reducing the number of strong phases, generating other phases, and the nonevening of phases. Two kinds of mixed powder, Al:Si and Al:Ni, can overcome these limitations to a certain extent. Laser cladding with three kinds of mixed powder resulted in a better welding effect than when using two kinds of mixed powder or a single powder. By applying an extreme vertices design, the optimum ratio of Al-Si-Ni powder was determined as 0.737:0.185:0.078, resulting in the uniform microstructure of the weld without delamination. The mechanical properties test shows that the hardness of the laser cladding with powder was better than that without laser cladding powder, and the tensile strength of the weld was 83% of the base material.
BIOFERTILIZANTE DE ESTERCO BOVINO NA INDUÇÃO DE MECANISMOS DE DEFESA À MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA NA CULTURA DA SOJA
Authors: Silva Jessica Brasau da , Oliveira Juliana Santos Batista , Ferreira Camila Jorge B. , Solino Antônio Jussiê Da Silva , Schwan-Estrada Kátia R. F.
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de Meloidogyne incognita e a ativação de mecanismos de defesa de plantas em função de diferentes métodos de aplicação de biofertilizante de esterco bovino (BIO). Para isto foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar a porcentagem de eclosão (PE) do nematoide com dois tratamentos, água e BIO, com dez repetições. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 1 com seis repetições. O fator A (água e BIO) e fator B (aplicação via solo (S), pulverizado (PUL) e a combinação S + PUL), além da testemunha (sem inoculação do patógeno) como tratamento adicional. Foram avaliados o número de ovos (NO) e juvenis (NJ) de M. incognita na raiz, atividade específica de catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) e polifenoloxidase (PFO) no sistema radicular e parte aérea da cultura. A PE de M. incognita foi 65% inferior em solução com BIO, in vitro. In vivo, a aplicação de BIO reduziu o NO e NJ. Ao aplicar o BIO via S, observou-se incremento de até 1,8 vezes da CAT e 35 vezes da POX em folhas. A POX foi incrementada em até 1,7 vezes no sistema radicular. O biofertilizante bovino apresentou potencial no controle M. incognita.
EJEMPLOS DE DESHUMANIZACIÓN EN LA ANTESALA DEL POSTHUMANISMO
Authors: Gatti Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

Se propone en estas páginas un análisis del volumen de cuentos El patio, que Jorge Edwards (Santiago de Chile, 1931) compuso en su juventud, a lo largo del periodo 1950-1952. Nuestro enfoque se propone analizar la forma a través de la que el escritor traslada al plano ficcional los mecanismos que pretendían gobernar no solo la vida social e individual sino también los cuerpos y las conductas de los ciudadanos en la época de gestación del volumen. A partir de las líneas teóricas trazadas por Foucault, Braidotti y Bourdieu, entre otros, se pretende evidenciar de qué manera Edwards describe críticamente los fenómenos de “incorporación forzada” de normas y valores dominantes que la estructura social vigente imponía como efecto de una verdadera biopolítica de la existencia. La deshumanzación que el autor denuncia se refiere a una forma de biopolítica que manipula los cuerpos sociales para forzarlos a asimilar normas que los sujetos creen “libremente elegidas”. Dos son las formas de deshumanización que se pueden detectar en los cuentos escogidos: o bien una modalidad que —sin conducir a la creación de monstruos y cyborgs— lleva a la reificación del ser humano, sobre todo de sexo femenino; o bien una modalidad que niega la “experiencia práctica” del cuerpo e impone la “normalización forzada” de la conducta subjetiva.
MENOS-QUE-HUMANO: FRONTERAS POROSAS EN “MISTER TAYLOR” DE AUGUSTO MONTERROSO Y “LA SALAMANDRA” DE MERCÈ RODOREDA
Authors: Pagnoni Berns Fernando Gabriel
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se centra en dos cuentos, “Mister Taylor” de Augusto Monterroso y “La salamandra” de Mercè Rodoreda, con el objetivo de analizar las peculiaridades del término “menos-que-humano”. Este concepto, argumento, es instrumento utilizado por el humanismo para la violencia y la explotación, sin embargo, refiere al hecho de que lo humano puede devenir en “otra cosa”, esto último ofreciendo una mirada crítica posthumanista a procesos como la violencia de género (como pasa en “La salamandra”) o el neocolonialismo (en “Mister Taylor”).
Carmen María Pujante Segura: La novela corta contemporánea (desde mediados del siglo XX hasta hoy a través de Ayala, Vila-Matas y Barba). Madrid: Visor, 2019.
Authors: Mendoza Vera Sandra
Published: March 2021

Reseña de Carmen María Pujante Segura: La novela corta contemporánea (desde mediados del siglo XX hasta hoy a través de Ayala, Vila-Matas y Barba). Madrid: Visor, 2019.
“CRIATURAS EXTRAÑAS SOMOS TODOS”: METAMORFOSIS, POSTHUMANISMO Y PENSAMIENTO DEL CUERPO EN MOHO DE PAULETTE JONGUITUD ACOSTA
Authors: Zavala Medina Daniel
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una lectura de la novela breve Moho (2010) de la escritora mexicana Paulette Jonguitud Acosta, a partir de algunas reflexiones sobre la corporalidad que el horizonte posthumanista ha hecho posibles. Si el humanismo postulaba —de manera directa o indirecta—, un tipo de cuerpo privilegiado (varón, heterosexual, blanco, europeo, burgués, etc.), desde una perspectiva posthumanista se pone en crisis ese modelo corporal único y predominante. En este sentido, la metamorfosis del cuerpo de Constanza, protagonista de la obra, permite el despliegue de una serie de (y una meditación sobre) otras posibilidades corporales: animal, monstruo, vegetal, etc. Para el análisis, se empleará fundamentalmente la noción de pensamiento del cuerpo postulada por Julieta Yelin.
ELEMENTOS FANTÁSTICOS Y SIMBÓLICOS EN “TIEMPO DESTROZADO” Y “EL ESPEJO” DE AMPARO DÁVILA
Authors: Evangelista Ávila Iram Isaí
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo realiza un ejercicio de interpretación en torno a elementos relacionados con lo fantástico y lo simbólico en dos cuentos de Amparo Dávila, “Tiempo destrozado” y “El espejo”. En lo concerniente a lo fantástico, nos apoyaremos en las definiciones de H.P. Lovecraft y David Roas (2001; 2008). La conceptualización del símbolo se fundamenta en la teoría de Paul Ricœur (2003) y Mauricio Beuchot (2007). El análisis se haya en el entrecruce de lo fantástico y lo simbólico, mediante un ejercicio interpretativo el cual sirve como medio para desentrañar los mecanismos del entramado narrativo daviliano. Se expone que lo simbólico dentro de la trama se desenvuelve como un epicentro que necesita lo fantástico para transgredir la realidad de los protagonistas.
Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky
Authors: Aksyuchits Victor V.
Published: March 2021

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.
Slavophilism in the Populist Perspective: Slavophilism Interpretation in the Publicism of N.K. Mikhailovsky in 1840–1880
Authors: Teslya Andrey A.
Published: March 2021

The history of intellectual/ideological directions presents sufficient interest for comprehension and interpretation on the part of other, competing and synchronous tendencies. The goal of the present article is to analyze Slavophilism interpretations and its place in the general process of Russian ideological and political directions development, proposed by the leading publicist of Russian populist camp in the years of 1870 – 1900. The intensity of Slavophil problems for the Populism (“Narodnichestvo”) was related to the evident and even stressed by some of the outside observers, connections of the key topics of populists and Slavophils, as well as obvious unpleasant by-products of accepting such intellectual continuity. The article shows how Mikhailovsky tried to minimize historiographically the connections and influence of Slavophils on the Populists, emphasizing at the same time the radical contradiction in understanding the notion of “people”, that was the key issue for both Slavophils and Populists. The interpretation of Slavophilism suggested by Mikhailovsky, especially its political and class significance, directly and indirectly influenced the subsequent historiography of Slavophilism. This aspect should be further studied, first of all in relation to the early Soviet historiography of Russian public thought.
Psychological Skills Training: A Qualitative Study of Singapore Coaches
Authors: HASLAM Ian R.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.This is a qualitative study of the concerns that Singapore secondary school coaches have with psychological skills training (PST). Two hundred and three coaches were asked to complete the Stages of Concern Questionnaire. The coaches were categorized into four coaching levels. The survey data demonstrated high levels of informational and personal concerns of the lower level coaches and high consequence concerns for the club level and national youth coaches. A group of four coaches, one from each level of coaching agreed to be interviewed in connection with the study. The interview questions were based on an analysis of the survey data. Results of the study revealed three dominant lines of discourse which went beyond the use of PST in schools and which appeared to be systemic concerns about teaching physical education and coaching in public schools. These included issues were closely aligned to existing concepts prevalent in the professional socialisation literature including marginality, isolation and wash-out. It was considered that these concerns would have a negative effect on the likelihood of coaches introducing PST in local schools.本文嘗試探討星加坡中學體育敎練的心理技能訓練，203位敎練接受訪問，結果發現專業的社會化過程可能會影嚮敎練人員的心理技能訓練。
Practising Appropriate Ethics in Exercise and Sport Science Research
Authors: CHIA Michael , WANG John , QUEK Jin Jong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.This commentary paper addresses the principal issues in practicing appropriate ethics in research in exercise and sport science. Ethical considerations include the suitability of the research question, appropriate research design and statistical analysis and the presentation and publication of the research findings. Special mention is given to research involving young people and the need to be aware of cultural and religious sensitivities.本文簡要探討運動和體育科學研究的道德規範。所討論的五大標題包括研究目標和假設，研究方法，統計過程，研究報吿與論文發表。其重點是著重在以青少年為研究對象的研究。
Study of the Physical Fitness, Perceived Value of Physical Education, and Generic Skills of Secondary School Students
Authors: FU Frank , CHEUNG Siu Yin , CHOW Bik , FUNG Lena , NG Judy
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Recent research findings suggested a gradual decline of physical fitness in Hong Kong school children over the past 10 years despite efforts by the Hong Kong SAR Government to promote the development of sports culture in the territory. Since cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) is the number 2 killer in Hong Kong and Hong Kong children were developing CHD risk factors prematurely, it was highly desirable to design and implement primary prevention programmes for this special population. The present study intended to provide better understanding of the physical fitness (PF), the perceived value of physical education (PV) and the contribution of physical education (PE) in the development of generic skills (GS) of secondary school students in Hong Kong. Subjects were 3,067 students from 26 schools selected by proportional stratification based on the school type and region. They were asked to perform a physical fitness test battery, and respond to two questionnaires on perceived value of PE and contribution of PE on development of generic skills. Results indicated that age was a factor: the younger group (12-14 years) scored better than the older group (15-18 years) in PV and GS. Older female subjects scored the highest in PF and also the lowest in PV, suggesting that they were fit but not because they perceived value of PE. Correlations between the three factors were significant (p
Energy Expenditures of Gateball and Tai Chi Chuan
Authors: TSO Pinky , FUNG Lena
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Gateball originates in Japan and is particularly popular among elderly persons (Traphagan, 1998). The game, played very much like croquet but on a faster clip, was introduced to Hong Kong in 1986. Almost twenty years later, the game has grown in popularity and is now played by over 800 elderly persons on a regular basis (Ms. Michelle Ma, personal communication, 5 August 2005). While Gateball is appreciated as a team game, Tai Chi Chuan, another activity popularly pursued by elderly persons in Hong Kong, is appreciated predominantly as a solo activity. Research surrounding Tai Chi Chuan far exceeds that of Gateball, therefore, the purpose of this study was to contrast the energy expended in playing Gateball and in Tai Chi Chuan practice. Such insight could be profitably used by recreation providers when planning exercise programs and when promoting activity among the elderly.門球起源於日本，是長者喜愛的運動(Traphagan, 1998)。此運動的規則與槌球大致相同。但比槌球的節奏快。門球於1986年引入香港。經過近二十年才普遍在香港流行。現時有大概800多名長者定期參與門球運動(Ms. Michelle Ma, 私人通訊，2005)。除了這項團體運動，香港的長者亦積極參與太極拳，一項以個人為主的活動。關於太極拳的研究遠超門球，因此休閒活動提供者將可在策劃及推動長者運動時，有效地利用此研究的結果。
Collaborative Spirit Can Transform Parks & Recreation Worldwide
Authors: PANTERA Matt
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.兒童是未來社會的棟樑，培養兒童成為一位良好的公民是家長和老師的責任。在兒童成長過程中，給與具敎育意義的運動及康樂活動是兒童敎育裡的重要一環。要做好這份工作，非個人，一個地區，甚至一個國家所能達成，我們應該倣效野鵝在冬季南飛的v字隊形：互相合作，鼓勵，幫助和輪流領先，以減少獨自飛行前進所遇到的阻力。憑着這種合作精神，公園及康樂的發展更能邁向世界性，從中令更多兒童受惠。
Youth Development: A Program Framework
Authors: EDGINTON Christopher R. , OLIVEIRA Walter de
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.本文主要是提供一個全面而詳細的青少年發展計劃的架構。青少年發展對於任何青少年服務組識來説，角色相當重要。而計劃可被視為協助青少年發展其本身的一項重要工具，這些計劃不單止可以帶給青少年學習知識，技能，和獨立思考的機會，而且能夠令青少年更有效地從各機構提供的服務和活動中獲益。計劃的架構可被視為解釋一些構思和現象的系統或結構。學術改進、休閒活動、健康推廣計劃、同伴輔導、生活技能之建立、職業及就業問題、領袖發展及服務學習等等，都是本文討論的主要計劃架構。
Preference in Girls' Lower Limb Tasks
Authors: NONIS Karen P. , LARKIN Dawne , PARKER Helen E.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The research on laterality indicates that children become increasingly right preferent with age but these relate mainly to data on the upper limbs while lower limb preference is limited. This study investigated the direction of six lower limb preference tasks which included: kicking (stationary and moving ball); pick-up; step-up; balance and hopping. Fifty-one girls in the age group of 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were tested over four sessions at four monthly intervals and classified as right, left or mixed preferent after performing on two successive trials. This study hypothesized that girls would become increasingly right preferent with age and that lower limb preference would differ for each task. Data analysis used a three-way ANOVA repeated measures procedure with Age (4 levels) as the between subjects factor and Session (4 sessions) and Task (6 tasks) as the within subjects factors (N = 51). The ANOVA results showed two task groupings indicating that lower limb preference is task dependent. The authors proposed the interaction of individual differences, changing task and environmental demands influence the expression of lower limb preference.偏向的研究顯示孩童随著年齡的增長會逐漸向右邊偏向，但這些卻主要是針對上肢的研究資料，而對下肢偏向的資料卻有限。本報吿探討六種下肢偏向的動作方向測試，其中包括：踢腿(定點和滾球)、拾起、踩踏、平衡和定點彈跳。五十一位三至六歲的女童參與四次測試，每次測試相隔四個月。在連續兩次嘗試後，將她們分類為向右偏向、向左偏向和綜合偏向。這項研究假設女童隨著年齡的增長，會逐漸有向右邊的偏向，對下肢的偏向會隨著動作的不同而有所改變。報告的資料分析使用了三項ANOVA反復測量規程，以年齡(4個數值)作為物件之間的因素，測試(4次測試)和動作(6個動作)作為物件之內的因素(N = 51)。ANOVA的 結果呈現兩種動作類，顯示對於下肢的偏向是取決於動作的。作者提出看法，認為各個不同孩童的互動、動作和環境的轉換都對下肢偏向起著影響。
Comparisons of Antioxidant Status in Different Sport Type Athletes
Authors: HO Ying Chih , LI Shu Ling , CHEN Fu An , HSU Mei Chich
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

This study investigated the resting levels of malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxy 2-(E)-nonenal (MDA+4-HNE) in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dimutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in 12 long-distance runners (LR), 12 weight lifters (WL), and 12 age match sedentary nonathletes (SN). The subjects were asked to maintain the lifestyle and original training (Monday to Friday) and were requested not to take any medicines and supplementation two weeks ago before sampling. No significant differences were found in MDA+4-HNE levels among three groups. The LR group had lower erythrocyte SOD activities than SN group (p <0.05). Additionally, the erythrocyte GSH concentrations in WL group was significantly lower than LR and SN groups (p <0.05). The results indicated that the adaptation and changes in resting antioxidant status would be different due to various exercise training modes. Furthermore, athletes should take the antioxidant supplementation appropriately to overcome the high oxidative stress cause by heavy training.

本實驗比較經長期運動訓練之12位舉重選手、12位長跑選手，以及12未受訓練的坐式生活者，其休息狀態下血液中抗氧化數 值之差異。抗氧化數據包括血漿中之MDA+4HNE，紅血球中之過氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase; SOD)之活性及穀胱甘肽(glutathione; GSH)之含量。受試者維持其原本之生活型態及訓練(星期一至星期五)，從兩個星期前即不能服用藥物及營養補充劑。結果顯示三組間血漿中脂質過氧化產物MDA+4HNE之濃度並無明顯差異，長跑選手紅血球SOD之活性明顯較坐式生活者來得低(p<.05)，舉重選手紅血球GSH含量明顯較其他兩組來得低(p<.05)。結果顯示，不同的訓練可能會造成不同型式的氧化壓力，經過長期之適應後，體內的抗氧化狀態也有所差異。此外，為了抵抗高度訓練所造成之氧化壓力，運動員應該適當的補充抗氧化劑。
Investigation of Cognitive Abilities of Indian Sport Women
Authors: SINGH Bhupinder
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

At the elite level of participation of sports the brain has to be equally tuned with the brawn for attaining the peak level performance. Rather, it is higher cortical functioning of the athlete, which helps in judging, analyzing, estimating and calculating the information at the time of execution of highly precised movements during the competition. Taking in view these facts the emphasis of sports psychology researches in these days is shifting towards the cognitive assessment of the players in the laboratory conditions. A substantive probe has taken place in this respect in male athletes however the female athletic population is still awaiting scientific consideration. Taking cognizance of this situation the present study was conducted on 192 National level Female Athletes belonging to Athletics (Track & Field), Badminton, Basketball, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics, Handball and Hockey. These female athletes were assessed on the parameters of visual and auditory reaction time, visual perceptual accuracy and visual concentration. All the subjects were individually tested with the help of Electronic Chronoscope, Muller-Lyer Illusion test and Knox-Cube Imitation test. The standard procedure of testing was followed throughout the testing programme. The results revealed number of inter group differences in the cognitive abilities of female athletes. While comparing individual and team game female athletes differences were found only in reaction­ability.

本文旨在探討印度女子運動選手的認知能力，192名印度女子國家隊選手接受測試，結果顯示，個人與隊際項目出現一些較明顯的差異。
Life Satisfaction and Wellness in Chinese College Students
Authors: PANG Jofy
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

This study aims to identify the relationship between life satisfaction and wellness in Chinese college students. A survey design was used. Based on the analysis of 338 sets of data, a significant and positive relationship between life satisfaction and wellness was established. In addition, students were found to be least satisfied with their living environment and most satisfied with their relationship with friends. Of the five dimensions of wellness, students scored the lowest in the physical dimension.

本文目的是探討本港大學生的生活滿足感與身心康盛的關係。透過分析收回的338份問卷，結果顯示同學之生活滿足感與其身心康盛有顯著的正面關係，而本港的大學生對朋輩關係之滿意程度最高，對生活環境之滿意程度則最低。在五項身心康盛的自我評估範疇中，本港大學生在身體康盛的得分最低。
Promoting Active Lifestyle through Aerobic Gymnastics Award Scheme
Authors: CHEUNG Siu Yin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

Aerobic gymnastics is a new discipline of the International Federation of Gymnastics. It consists of gymnastic movement elements and aerobics components. The aerobic gymnastics routine is a combination of movements which are about strength (power); static strength; jumping and leaping; flexibility; and the seven basic aerobics steps. The aims of the aerobic gymnastics award scheme are to encourage active lifestyle and develop generic skills for students in Hong Kong. 140 school teachers/ coaches successfully completed the teachers’ /coaches’ training courses and conducted the aerobic gymnastics courses in their schools. Fun days were also conducted so that students performed their aerobic gymnastics routines in front to their friends and parents. At the same time, physical fitness tests were conducted for students so as to understand their physical fitness levels. In addition, three aerobic gymnastics awards were designed for students and they were awarded certificates and badges after successfully completing the routines required. Moreover, the first inter-school sports aerobics competition was conducted in 2003. Over 500 students from 60 schools had taken part in the competitions since then and more than 4500 certificates and badges had been issued in 2002-03. Positive feedback was received from teachers and students. Aerobic gymnastics can promote active lifestyle and wellbeing. It can also enhance creativity cooperation, communication and teamwork for students.

健美體操是國際體操聯盟的一項新的體操項目，它包括體操及「有氧運動」的動作。一套健美操動作有肌力、跳、柔韌等動作和基本的「有氧運動」步伐。香港體操總會於二零零零年起推廣此項目並設計健美體操獎勵計劃。計劃的目的是鼓勵香港學生常做運動和發展學生的共通能力。一百四十多位教師及教練成功完成教師/教練培訓課程後 > 便在學校教授健美體操。同學們在同樂日中向父母及親友表演健美體操套路，同時，他們也可參與體適能測試，以了解自己的體適能水平。此外，同學可透過參與健美體操獎勵計劃以挑戰自己的技能。自二零零三年首次舉辦學界健美體操比賽，至今已有五百多位來自六十所學校的學生參與，並有近四千五百位學生考獲章別以作獎勵。健美體操能推廣活躍的生活模式，同時也可培養學生的創造、協作、溝通等共通能力和團隊精神。
Body Fat Percentage and Level of Aerobic Capacity among Students from Upper Primary School
Authors: SOH K.G. , K. L. SOH K. L. , Marjohan JAMALIS Marjohan , O. F. Mohd Sofian , P.Y. LIM LIM
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The rising standard of living in Malaysia has seen changes to its population. Obesity and other diseases of wealth are appearing in younger and younger people, resulting in the need for sports or exercise to stay fit and healthy. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between body fat percentage and aerobic capacity in children (Coleman et al., 2004). However, from the general studies, little is known specifically about Chinese primary school children. Therefore, this research aims to study the body fat and aerobic capacity of Chinese primary school children in Kajang, as possible representative of the national population. It will also ascertain whether there is any gender bias in the relationship. Two hundred and forty students were studied, from Years 4 and 5, equally divided between the sexes. The body fat percentage was determined using the skinfold method on the triceps and calf. After the fat measurement, the subjects were asked to perform the PACER bleep test to assess their aerobic capacity. The boys were found to be significantly superior in aerobic capacity (t = 1.35, p < 0.18) despite having higher body fiat. There was a low negative correlation between body fat and aerobic capacity (r = -0.28, n = 240, p < 0.01) among the children which was highly significant because of the large number of samples. In conclusion, 27.50% of the subjects were founds to have moderately high to very high percentage of body fat confirming the need to exercise to stay fit and healthy among this age group, especially among the boys.

馬來西亞的人口變化提高了人們的生活水準。肥胖和其他富貴疾病都出現于少年和年輕人，導致人們必須多做運動來保持健壯-Coleman et. al., (2004)的研究證明了兒童的體脂肪率和有氧容量之間的相反關係。然而，從一般上的研究，在華小兒童兩者之間的關係明確少知。所以，此探索的目的是研究在加影區某間華小兒童的體脂肪和有氧容量，盡可能作為國家人口的代表性。借此也探知兩者之間的關係是否有任何性別偏見。研究中共有240位由4、5年級平分的男女學生參與。研究運用測量三肌肉及腓皮膚表層的方法來固定體脂肪率。測量脂肪後，受試者需履行往返距離20米的PACER測驗來估算他們的有氧容量。儘管那些男生擁有較高的體脂肪，他們卻有卓越顯著的有氧容量(t=1.35, p<0.18)。因為受試者的人數眾多，有效的反映出兒童之間的體脂肪與有氧容量有低陰性關係(r=-0.28, n=240, p<0.01)。總結來説，14.17%的受試者擁有高或很高的體脂肪率，確認了這年齡的兒童特別是男生必需做運動來保持健壯。
Postmodern Sentiment and Teaching Physical Education
Authors: WONG Arthur Chi Tak , LOUIE Lobo Hung Tak
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

Man believed that the world was composed of man, the subject and non-human entities, the objects. Philosophy attempts to locate the nature of either subjects or objects, thus, the argument between subjectivism and objectivism. Such metaphysical arguments go on for thousands of years without coming to an agreement. Philosophers in the last century turn their attentions away from the subject - object argument. They focus on the bridge of the two - language, which is the focus of postmodernism. This paper tries to elaborate briefly the nature of post-modernity and its influence on current education practices, particularly on physical education. It is not meant to claim academic rigor in this short essay for the purpose of it is only to inform those, PE teachers in particularly, who are new to postmodern thoughts. It is only an alignment of some relevant writings gearing to this purpose.

哲學是探討應該如何活在世上、何種事物是存在的及此類事物的本質、什麼算是真的知識以及什麼是推理的正確原則的一門學科。哲學並不存在一個沒有爭議的定義，這個領域隨著時代轉變而不斷地擴張，且根據不同的時代對不同的問題也有改變。後現代主義把哲學定義為創造概念的學術、本文嘗試從哲學觀點探討後現代主義與體育教學的關係。
Evaluation on the Impact of a Soccer Training Program on the Moral Development of Teenage Participants
Authors: TSANG Eric C.K.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

This study examined the impact of a soccer training program organized by a district social service group on the moral development of 35 teenage participants. Participants took part in the interview which aimed at finding out their attitude towards the program by understanding their intention of participation, perceived benefits, attitude towards winning and losing, and the reason of adherence. Assessment from parents and teachers were made by using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodmam, 1997). Results suggested that the program participants adopted a positive attitude towards participation by demonstrating strong team cohesion. Feedback from parents and teachers also consolidated that program participants generally demonstrated a normal behavior towards society. Base on findings from the study, recommendations were made for the launching of similar program and suggested directions for further studies.

本文根據某社區中心所舉辦之足球訓練活動，探討其對青少年品德發展的影響。研究方法包括與參加者面談、及利用問卷形式由参加者老師及家長評核其品德發展及對社會之認同。研究結果，肯定該足球訓練活動，對青少年品格發展有正面影響。本文根據研究結果，對推行類似活動提出建議，及提出將來研究的方向。
Practice of the Beginning Secondary School Physical Education Teachers
Authors: CRUZ Alberto , LI Chung
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the practice of teaching of beginning secondary school physical education teachers. The problems and the factors that confronted the teachers in their first year of work were examined. Thirteen physical education graduates of the Hong Kong Institute of Education in 2005 teaching in secondary schools were purposely invited to participate in the study. Qualitative data were collected by a combination of techniques: passive participant observation, formal and informal interviews, document analysis, and journal writing. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Data generated helped to understand the confrontations faced and the influence of the workplace factors on the practices of beginning teachers. Results indicated that the teachers adjusted their practices according to their school contextual conditions during their first year of teaching. The common practices of teaching were a) instructional approach, b) lesson preparation, c) contents, and d) classroom management. The workplace impact was mainly come from their students, administrators, and work responsibilities. The participants also employed socializing strategies in order to survive in schools. Findings of the study hold implications for the development and preparation of physical education teachers with respect to the influence of organizational socialization.

本研究目的是探討新任中學體育老師的教學工作。同時亦檢視新任教師任教時所遇到的困難及影響其教學工作的因素。十三位新任中學體育老師參與是次研究。透過被動參與式觀察、正式及非正式訪問、老師反思日誌及文件分析等方法收集數據。然後以持續比較法分析資料。結果顯示影響教師教學工作因素包括學生、校內管理人員及教師工作量。教師調整教學方式及採取社會化生存策略以配合學校需要。此等結果給予體育教師發展及培訓多方面啟示。
Trends and Issues of Physical Fitness Theses and Dissertations in the United States and Canada
Authors: HUNG Chung Hung
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study profiled the trends and issues of physical fitness theses and dissertations in the United States and Canada from 2000 to 2009 years. Research articles, 241 physical fitness theses and dissertations, were collected from ProQuest database. Methodology of this study took content analysis to analyize the trends and issues including the research topics, research types, subjects and physical fitness component. In the wake of going through coding, categorizing, description and interpretation, the research findings were generated. Results showed that the topics of physical fitness theses and dissertations mainly focused on “physiology characteristics”, “psychology characteristics”, “program & training”, and “physical activity”. The research type mainly use descriptive approach and experimental approach to conduct their research. The health-related fitness occupied the lion share of physical fitness theses and dissertations, and the researchers pay more attention on cardiorespiratory fitness. Future researchers can delve into the trends and issues on physical fitness journals and other physical fitness researches.
本研究目的為探討美加地區2000至2009體適能博碩士論文研究趨勢。從ProQuest資料庫共蒐集到241篇體適能博碩士論文。透過內容分析法進行研究主題、研究對象、研究類型、體適能內涵等項目之資料統整與分析。結果顯示：研究主題主要集中於「生理特徵」、「心理特徵」、「計畫與訓練」、「身體活動」等主題。描述類與實驗類的研究類型為主要的研究類型。健康體適能為主要的研究趨勢，並且集中於心肺適能。
Study on Comparison of Leisure Experiences among International HPER Students and Non-international HPER Students: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: CHAN Ping Cheung Patrick
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Most of the previous studies in leisure satisfaction and attitudes towards leisure have been implemented through quantitative inquiries; however, studies on these aspects via qualitative approach are uncommon. The idea of researching ethnicity and cultural beliefs in leisure experiences has not been pursued. This study aims at comparing the leisure experiences of international students with those of non-international students through qualitative analysis.大部份在閒暇(休閒)滿足感與對閒暇態度之研究，均採用定量分析(Quantitative Analysis)方法，而採納定性分析(Qualitative Analysis)方法 來探討上述課題的研究卻極之罕有。此外，探討不同種族及文化背境對閒暇經歷之影響的研究亦頗為缺乏。本文目的乃採取定性分析法來探討海外留學生與非海外大學生於閒暇經驗的異同。