bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of imitated meat product by utilizing pea and lentil protein isolates
Authors: Arshad Mehwish , Anwar Saba , Pasha Imran , Ahmed Farah , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Imitated meat product (nuggets) has been a major influence on vegans since time immemorial. Pea protein isolates (PPIs) and lentil protein isolates (LPIs) are identified as ingredients for their indigenous color, flavor, taste, texture, and functional properties. This study was aimed to investigate the potential use of pea and lentil PI as a meat substitute in nugget preparation to replace meat usage. Chemical characteristics of pea and lentil powder and functional properties of PPI and LPI were determined. Furthermore, the nutritional profile, textural property, and sensory attributes of imitated meat products (nuggets) were compared with chicken‐based nuggets. Results showed that functional properties of PPI and LPI were almost similar to each other, and NG2 (40%PPI: 60%LPI) was selected as the most acceptable nugget with desired nutritional, textural, and sensory attributes. PPI and LPI can be successfully used nutritionally and functionally as valuable substitutes for meat‐based nuggets, even in NG2 (40%PPI: 60%LPI), without significant deterioration of overall acceptability of nuggets. PPI‐ and LPI‐based nuggets could be introduced to the market as a potential marketable non‐meat product with indigenous color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability.
Synthesis of ultra‐fine rare‐earth‐zirconate high‐entropy ceramic fibers via electrospinning
Authors: Wei Mingyue , Xu Jie , Yang Runwu , Zhu Jiatong , Meng Xuanyu , Yang Jinlong , Gao Feng
Published: February 2022

Ceramic fibers have the advantages of low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, and excellent mechanical vibration resistance. In this work, sol‐gel and electrospinning were used to prepare ultra‐fine rare‐earth‐zirconate high‐entropy ceramic (HEC) fibers with the composition of ((La0.25Nd0.25Sm0.25Gd0.25)0.75Yb0.25)2Zr2O7. The decomposition process and microscopic morphology of the fibers were characterized by thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that defective fluorite‐structured fibers with a smooth surface were obtained by calcining at 900–1000°C, while fibers with the pyrochlore structure and the diameter within 140 nm were obtained by calcining at temperature higher than 1100°C. The HEC fibers still maintain a continuous microstructure on the surface after calcination. In addition, the porous ceramics prepared from HEC fibers have a comparatively low thermal conductivity (0.22 ± 0.05 W m−1 K−1, 25°C). These promising properties indicate that the HEC fibers could be candidate materials for thermal‐insulation application.
Comment on: Using smartphone technology to improve prospective memory functioning
Authors: Xu Liang , Yin Xifan
Published: February 2022

See the Reply by Scullin et al.
Thorium zoning in monazite: A case study from the Ivrea–Verbano zone, NW Italy
Authors: Williams Megan A. , Kelsey David E. , Rubatto Daniela
Published: February 2022

Metamorphism and partial melting of the lower crust is commonly assumed to cause depletion in heat producing elements (HPEs; K, U, Th). In the deep crust, volumetrically subordinate metasedimentary layers, which are source to crustal granites (sensu lato), host the majority of Th ± U, primarily within the REE + Th + U + Y phosphate mineral monazite. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of Th within monazite grains in metasedimentary rocks from the lower crustal section of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Italy), using textural, compositional and geochronological data. We link this to outcrop and regional scale trends described by in‐field gamma‐ray spectrometry data (in‐field GRS) for the purpose of understanding how Th distribution is controlled by progressive metamorphism and partial melting. In‐field GRS data shows that the whole rock budget of Th does not change between granulite facies rocks and their unmelted equivalents but is significantly lower in rocks that have undergone more significant melt loss at ultra‐high temperature (UHT) conditions. Concurrently, the bulk Th budget of monazite increases with metamorphic grade to granulite facies conditions and is greatly reduced in UHT samples. Monazite geochronology returns dates mostly in the range 240–320 Ma with two main peaks at circa 290 and 270 Ma. Textural and chemical constraints indicate that these dates record the timing of pre‐peak to peak metamorphic conditions. Amphibolite facies monazite compositional zones are absent from granulite facies monazite, in contrast to examples from lower‐pressure terranes. This is consistent with the expanded stability of allanite relative to monazite with increasing pressure having an important role in determining the internal structure, composition and extent of inheritance of monazite in going from amphibolite facies to granulite facies rocks. We propose high‐pressure granulites should preserve less monazite inherited from amphibolite facies conditions than low‐pressure granulites. Monazite is preserved at all metamorphic grades and presents a mineralogical mechanism for retaining Th in residual deep crust during partial melting and after melt loss.
Late inflammatory reactions in patients with soft tissue fillers after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bachour Yara , Bekkenk Marcel W. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Kadouch Jonathan A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Soft tissue fillers are used for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes, and soft tissue filler procedures are among the most common nonsurgical procedures in the USA. Although soft tissue filler procedures are relatively quick and safe, adverse events such as late inflammatory reactions have been reported with every filler product. Infections and vaccinations have been proposed as potential triggers for late inflammatory reactions (LIRs), and it is therefore not surprising that these adverse events have been reported after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination. Therefore, this review aims to give a detailed overview of these cases.

Materials and methods

A literature search was undertaken on LIRs in patients with a history of soft tissue filler use after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination. This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the electronic database PubMed from January 2020 to August 2021. Data on patient characteristics, filler characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment options were included.

Results

This review included 7 articles with a total of 19 patients with LIRs after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination. Three patients with postinfection LIRs and 16 patients with postvaccination LIRs were reported. These LIRS mainly occurred in females who had HA injections for cosmetic purposes. Three patients with postinfection LIRs had symptoms of facial swelling and/or lip angioedema in a matter of weeks. Sixteen patients reported reactions after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination (13 following Moderna vaccination and 3 after Pfizer vaccination, after both the first and second doses) from 13 hours up to three weeks. These patients presented with similar clinical symptoms as patients with postinfection LIRs. All patients were treated in a conservative manner.

Discussion

This review shows a relationship between LIRs and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination. In the case of vaccination, these adverse events have been reported only after Moderna and Pfizer vaccinations. The reported adverse events are generally minor and self‐limiting, and we encourage patients with soft tissue fillers to participate in vaccination programs.
Quantitative analysis of collagen after intense pulsed light and erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment on rabbit skin
Authors: Feng Jiayi , Zhang Ling , Huang Lvping
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) and ablative 2.940 nm erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser on dynamic changes in collagen by quantitative analysis of type I collagen (Col I) and type III collagen (Col III), transforming growth factor (TGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the dermis of rabbits.

Methods

Backs of ten rabbits were divided into four treatment areas: IPL normal energy group, IPL high‐energy group, erbium laser normal energy group, and erbium laser high‐energy group. HE staining was performed immediately after the first treatment and two weeks after the first treatment. Col I, Col III, TGF‐β1, and MMP‐1 were collected by real‐time PCR at baseline, 2 weeks after each session, and three months after the entire treatment monthly.

Results

HE staining showed that collagen fibers in the superficial layer of the dermis in the four treatment groups were increased and thickened to different degrees. Real‐time PCR showed that statistically differences were noted in each checkpoint before and after treatments in the four groups, whereas no significant difference in the change in the four biomarkers was found among the four treatment groups.

Conclusion

Both the IPL and Er: YAG laser can effectively upregulate collagens, but in this experiment, there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect among the four irradiation groups. Moreover, the high‐energy level group tended to bring more serious epidermal injury.
Development of an integrated mobile application for lifestyle modification in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Choi Hee Kyung , Lee Seon Heui , Yang Soo Yeon
Published: February 2022

Background

Lifestyle modification is the primary treatment for overweight and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Developing mobile applications that motivate and provide lifestyle modification advice and evidence‐based information for women with PCOS is needed.

Aims

This study is aimed at the development of an integrated mobile application for lifestyle modifications in women with PCOS.

Methods

This study is a development study to develop a lifestyle modification mobile application for PCOS based on a systematic review and needs analysis according to the ADDIE model. The survey was conducted consecutively on patients with PCOS who visited a university hospital in Incheon, Republic of Korea from 1 November 2020 to 28 February 2021. The questionnaire was developed based on prior literature, and validity was evaluated by experts. The survey investigated respondents’ general characteristics, the perceptions and needs, and the preferred components of integrated mobile application for lifestyle modification. The usability of the application was evaluated by experts. STROBE statement has been followed in this study.

Results

The lifestyle modification programme was confirmed to be clinical effect through a systematic review. The necessity application and high scores in preference of all components was confirmed in a survey. The mobile application included every amount of intake, exercise time, menstrual period, and daily weight compared with the target weight and BMI. It also included questionnaires on hirsutism and acne, disease information, and communication with the researcher for counselling purposes. The application will motivate users to participate by giving scores according to a goal achievement each day. In usability test, experts evaluate this mobile application as suitable for use.

Conclusion

In this study, an integrated mobile application was developed in consideration of the systematic review and needs analysis of women with PCOS. The effectiveness of the application will need to be verified through further research.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study developed an integrated mobile application including diet and exercise therapy, as well as weight and menstrual period management, questionnaires and disease information. In addition, the mobile application motivates women with PCOS to provide personalised counselling and achieve goals. We expect to use it in future studies for women with PCOS in clinical practice.
CTLA‐4 polymorphism contributes to the genetic susceptibility of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Juan , Kang Shan , Wu Jianlei , Zhao Jian , Si Wengang , Sun Haiyan , Li Yan
Published: February 2022

Aim

Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), an inhibitory molecule on T‐cells, plays a key role in tumorigenesis and progression. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three polymorphisms in the CTLA‐4 gene on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and the clinical outcomes of patients.

Methods

A case–control study was performed in 527 epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 532 controls. Genotypes of three polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction. A survival analysis was performed in 346 patients who were followed up for more than 3 years and 208 patients who were followed up for more than 5 years.

Results

There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution frequencies of the rs5742909 C/T polymorphism in CTLA‐4 between patients and controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.04, respectively). Compared with the CC genotype, the CT + TT genotype may significantly decrease the risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.91). However, no significant association between the rs231775 G/A and rs3087243 G/A polymorphisms and epithelial ovarian cancer risk was observed. The survival analysis showed that three polymorphisms may not be related to the clinical outcomes of patients.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the rs5742909 C/T polymorphism of CTLA‐4 may decrease the genetic susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer among northern Chinese women.
Molecular detection and pathological investigations on southern blight disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata): A new record in India
Authors: Tejaswini Gurumallsh Savithri , Mahadevakumar Shivannegowda , Sowmya Ramaiah , Deepika Yelandur Somaraju , Meghavarshinigowda Bettadapura Rameshgowda , Nuthan Bettadapura Rameshgowda , Sharvani Kochera Appachu , Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj , Sridhar Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: February 2022

A severe outbreak of foot rot and head rot disease of cabbage was observed during September 2017 to November 2019 in major cabbage growing regions of southern Karnataka state of India. The disease incidence ranged between 3% and 28%. The initial symptoms were observed as tan, water‐soaked lesions at the point of infection and development of mycelia, followed by quick wilting of the whole plant. Subsequently, numerous sclerotia were produced. The pathogen isolated on PDA medium produced white fluffy aerial mycelia and numerous reddish‐brown sclerotia after 7−10 days. A total of 18 fungal isolates were used for mycelial compatibility analysis. Isolate SrBoC28 was used to test for pathogenicity on cabbage, marigold, chilli and brinjal plants. Typical disease symptoms on leaves, stem and roots were evident 5, 8 and 10 days’ post‐inoculation respectively. The isolate was pathogenic on all tested hosts, and the identity was confirmed by re‐isolation and morpho‐cultural and molecular studies. The latter were based on amplification of ITS‐rDNA and phylogenetic analysis which showed 100% sequence similarity with reference sequences. The identity was confirmed as S. rolfsii. This is a well‐known pathogen and causes disease on various economically important crop plants. To date, there are no reports on the association between S. rolfsii and foot and head rot disease of cabbage in India and elsewhere. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of foot rot and head rot of cabbage caused by S. rolfsii in India.
“Distance” in intellectual property protection and MNEs’ foreign subsidiary innovation performance
Authors: Konara Palitha , Batsakis Georgios , Shirodkar Vikrant
Published: February 2022

Drawing on the institution‐based view of intellectual property (IP) rights, we argue that “distance” in IP protection strength of MNEs’ home and host countries reduces the ability of MNEs to innovate at foreign subsidiary locations. We contend that this logic applies in both directions—i.e., (1) downward direction, when MNEs originating from stronger IP protection regimes innovate in weaker IP protection regimes, and (2) upward direction, when MNEs originating from weaker IP protection regimes innovate in stronger IP protection regimes. Furthermore, we suggest that the negative effect of IP protection distance on foreign subsidiary innovation performance will be moderated by internal (strategic) and external (institutional) conditions, such as the subsidiary experience, subsidiary ownership type (full vs. partial), cultural distance and the extent of scientific labor in the host country. We test the above relationships using a very large panel data set consisting of MNE subsidiary‐level data in the manufacturing industry for 15,246 subsidiaries of 11,284 parent firms, representing 47 home countries and 31 host countries and covering a total of 91,347 observations for the period 2005–2013. Our findings show that (1) the adverse effect of IP protection distance on subsidiary innovation performance applies in both directions; (2) the effect is more intense in case of the downward direction; and (3) the moderating effects vary depending on the direction of IP protection distance.
Urgent issues and prospects in correctional rehabilitation practice and research
Authors: Ward Tony , Arrigo Bruce , Barnao Mary , Beech Anthony , Brown Deirdre A. , Cording Jacinta , Day Andrew , Durrant Russil , Gannon Theresa A. , Hart Stephen D. , Prescott David , Strauss‐Hughes Annalisa , Tamatea Armon , Taxman Faye
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to identify some of the urgent issues currently confronting criminal justice policymakers, researchers and practitioners. To this end a diverse group of researchers and clinicians have collaborated to identify pressing concerns in the field and to make some suggestions about how to proceed in the future. The authors represent individuals with varying combinations of criminal justice research, professional training (e.g. social work, criminal justice, criminology, social work, clinical psychology) and clinical orientation, and experience. The paper is comprised of 13 commentaries and a subsequent discussion based on these reflections. The commentaries are divided into the categories of explanation of criminal behaviour, clinical assessment and correctional intervention, and cover issues ranging from the role of clinical expertise in treatment, problems with risk assessment to the adverse effects of social oppression on minority groups. Following the commentaries, we summarize some of their key themes and briefly discuss a number of major issues likely to confront the field in the next 5–10 years.
Effects of seasonal hypoxia on macroinvertebrate communities in a small reservoir
Authors: Lucchesi David O. , Chipps Steven R. , Schumann David A.
Published: February 2022

Localized hypoxia can reduce available habitat, restrict movement and limit the abundance of aquatic invertebrates. Although cultural eutrophication, coupled with the effects of climate change, is likely to increase the frequency and extent of hypoxia in aquatic ecosystems, little is known about how oxygen gradients in small reservoirs influence spatial distribution and abundance of aquatic invertebrates. The present study evaluated the effects of environmental and biological attributes on seasonal and spatial variation of macroinvertebrates and explored how hypoxic conditions influenced littoral, benthic and pelagic macroinvertebrate communities in Lake Alvin, South Dakota. Data on reservoir conditions, in conjunction with macroinvertebrate sampling from May to October 2009–2011, were applied in an information theoretic approach to evaluate factors affecting invertebrate abundance. Hypoxic conditions were present from May to September in the lacustrine zone impacting 10%–39% of the water column. Benthic invertebrates were typically absent from the lacustrine zone during periods of severe hypoxia and were most abundant in the shallow, well‐oxygenated riverine zone. Littoral invertebrates were negatively related to the per cent of the hypoxic water column, suggesting fish, confined to shallow waters by hypoxia, may be consuming a larger portion of littoral invertebrates in their diets. Cladocera and Copepoda densities were influenced primarily by water depth and monthly precipitation. The larger size of Daphnia found in the hypoxic‐prone transitional and lacustrine zones suggested low oxygen concentrations may provide a refuge from fish predation. The results of the present study demonstrated spatial variations in near‐bottom oxygen concentrations were important predictors of macroinvertebrate and zooplankton abundance and size structure in Lake Alvin and that macroinvertebrates, particularly benthic and littoral invertebrates, could benefit from measures taken to reduce summer hypoxia.
Teaching the Teachers the Genetics of Learning: An Application of the Mixed Blessings Model
Authors: Larsen Sally A. , Little Callie W. , Byrne Brian
Published: February 2022

Decades of educational genetics research have highlighted that differences in academic achievement are partly explained by genetic variation between individuals. Consequently, there is ongoing discussion about whether genetic influences on educationally related traits should be more widely acknowledged in schools and communicated specifically to teachers. Nonetheless, there is little research on how teachers might interpret such information, and how it might alter their perceptions of the students they teach or their teaching practice. In this review, we draw on the mixed blessings model proposed by Haslam and Kvaale, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015, 24, 399–404, as a framework for defining both positive and negative repercussions of disseminating the findings of educational genetic research to teachers. We discuss research examining teacher perceptions of student ability and behavior and findings outlining perceptions of psychological disorders when genetic explanations are invoked. We conclude by proposing new directions for research designed to better understand interpretations of genetic information in school contexts.
Detection of an HLA‐A*24 variant, HLA‐A*24:255, in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: February 2022

One nucleotide substitution in codon 82 of HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐A*24:255.
Numerical Simulation of Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel and Al-12Si Powders for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ankudinov Vladimir , Gordeev Georgii A. , Kharanzhevskiy Evgeniy V. , Krivilyov Mikhail D.
Published: February 2022

A three-dimensional model of a partially melted powder bed with particles stochastically distributed in size and space coordinates has been developed. Numerical simulation of temperature distributions in stainless steel AISI 316 L and Al-12Si powders in vacuum, air, and argon has been performed to analyze unsteady heat transfer in a porous medium. The numerical model demonstrates a large effect of heat transfer through the gas phase in case of powders with low thermal conductivities like stainless steels. At the porosity level of 65% and above, the mechanism of heat transfer drastically changes and a linear dependence of thermal conductivity on porosity frequently used in literature becomes incorrect. The effects of the consolidation coefficient and size distribution on effective heat transfer in powders are discussed. The obtained dependencies of the effective thermal conductivity on porosity and the consolidation coefficient could be used in additive manufacturing applications.
Radial and Axial Motion of the Initially Tensioned Orthotropic Arterial Wall in Arterial Pulse Wave Propagation
Authors: Smith Sara M. , Marin Justine , Adams Amari , West Keith , Hao Zhili
Published: February 2022

With the arterial wall modeled as an initially tensioned thin-walled orthotropic tube, this study aims to analyze radial and axial motion of the arterial wall and thereby reveal the role of axial motion and two initial tensions of the arterial wall in arterial pulse wave propagation. By incorporating related clinical findings into the pulse wave theory in the literature, a theoretical study is conducted on arterial pulse wave propagation with radial and axial wall motion. Since the Young wave is excited by pulsatile pressure and is examined in clinical studies, commonly measured pulsatile parameters in the Young wave are expressed in terms of pulsatile pressure and their values are calculated with the well-established values of circumferential elasticity (Eθ) and initial tension (Tθ0) and assumed values of axial elasticity (Ex) and initial tension (Tx0) at the ascending aorta and the carotid artery. The corresponding values with the exclusion of axial wall motion are also calculated. Comparison of the calculated results between inclusion and exclusion of axial wall motion indicates that (1) axial wall motion does not affect radial wall motion and other commonly measured pulsatile parameters, except wall shear stress; (2) axial wall motion is caused by wall shear stress and radial wall displacement gradient with a factor of (Tx0−Tθ0), and enables axial power transmission through the arterial wall; and (3) while radial wall motion reflects Eθ and Tθ0, axial wall motion reflects Ex and (Tx0−Tθ0).
Study of Residual Stress Evolution in SUS304/Q235 Bimetallic Clad Plate Butt-Welded Joints Considering Welding Sequence
Authors: Zhu Min , Zhang Yansong , Zheng Qiao , Wu Wei , Qian Weifang , Wang Baosen
Published: February 2022

Residual stress prediction and controlling is important for structural integrity assessment of weldments. In this work, finite element (FE) and experimental methods were integrated to study the influence of welding sequence on the SUS304/Q235 bimetallic clad plate (BCP) joints during multilayer and multipass welding. The results show that the peak residual stress values on flyer plate surface are weakly affected by welding sequences but the width of high surficial longitudinal stress area of joint with base layer welded first is bigger. Meanwhile, welding sequence has a great influence on the longitudinal residual stress evolution law inside joints. When base seam layer is welded first, the highest stress concentration appears in the transition layer. However, it would be transferred into the first base seam layer due to martensite phase transformation when flyer seam layer is welded first. Residual stress controlling in the BCP joint should attract more attention from researchers.
Comparison of the V&V10.1 and V&V20 Modeling Error Quantification Procedures for the V&V10.1 Example
Authors: Eça L. , Dowding K. , Moorcroft D. , Ghia U.
Published: February 2022

The determination of the transverse tip deflection of an elastic, hollow, tapered, cantilever, box beam under a uniform loading applied over half the length of the beam presented in the V&V10.1 standard is used to compare the application of the validation procedures presented in the V&V10.1 and V&V20 standards. Both procedures aim to estimate the modeling error of the mathematical/computational model used in the simulations taking into account the variability of the modulus of elasticity of the material used in the beam and the rotational flexibility at the clamped end of the beam. The paper discusses the four steps of the two error quantification procedures: (1) characterization of the problem including all the assumptions and approximations made to obtain the experimental and simulation data; (2) selection of the validation variable; (3) determination of the different quantities required by the validation metrics in the two error quantification procedures; (4) outcome of the two validation procedures and its discussion. The paper also discusses the inclusion of experimental, input, and numerical uncertainties (assumed or demonstrated to be negligible in V&V10.1) in the two validation approaches. This simple exercise shows that different choices are made in the two alternative approaches, which lead to different ways of characterizing the modeling error. The topics of accuracy requirements and validation comparisons (model acceptance/rejection) for engineering applications are not addressed in this paper.
Ultrasound and clinical findings of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid
Authors: Xing Yong Jun , Zhang Jing , Yi Bi Shun
Published: February 2022

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Chronic paternal morphine exposure increases sensitivity to morphine-derived pain relief in male progeny
Authors: Toussaint Andre B. , Foster William , Jones Jessica M. , Kaufmann Samuel , Wachira Meghan , Hughes Robert , Bongiovanni Angela R. , Famularo Sydney T. , Dunham Benjamin P. , Schwark Ryan , Karbalaei Reza , Dressler Carmen , Bavley Charlotte C. , Fried Nathan T. , Wimmer Mathieu E. , Abdus-Saboor Ishmail
Published: February 2022

Parental history of opioid exposure is seldom considered when prescribing opioids for pain relief. To explore whether parental opioid exposure may affect sensitivity to morphine in offspring, we developed a “rat pain scale” with high-speed imaging, machine learning, and mathematical modeling in a multigenerational model of paternal morphine self-administration. We find that the most commonly used tool to measure mechanical sensitivity in rodents, the von Frey hair, is not painful in rats during baseline conditions. We also find that male progeny of morphine-treated sires had no baseline changes in mechanical pain sensitivity but were more sensitive to the pain-relieving effects of morphine. Using RNA sequencing across pain-relevant brain regions, we identify gene expression changes within the regulator of G protein signaling family of proteins that may underlie this multigenerational phenotype. Together, this rat pain scale revealed that paternal opioid exposure increases sensitivity to morphine’s pain-relieving effects in male offspring.
A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods
Authors: Moritz Leif , Borisova Elena , Hammel Jörg U. , Blanke Alexander , Wesener Thomas
Published: February 2022

We report fluid feeding with a sucking pump in the arthropod class Diplopoda, using a combination of synchrotron tomography, histology, electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions. Within the head of nine species of the enigmatic Colobognatha, we found a pumping chamber, which acts as positive displacement pump and is notably similar to that of insects, showing even fine structural convergences. The sucking pump of these millipedes works together with protractible mouthparts and externally secreted saliva for the acquisition of liquid food. Fluid feeding is one of the great evolutionary innovations of terrestrial arthropods, and our study suggests that it evolved with similar biomechanical solutions convergent across all major arthropod taxa. While fluid-feeding insects are megadiverse today, it remains unclear why other lineages, such as Colobognatha, are comparably species poor.
Group B Streptococcal Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: Tavares Teresa , Pinho Liliana , Bonifácio Andrade Elva
Published: February 2022

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a devastating disease, associated with high mortality and neurological disability, in both developed and developing countries.Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly referred to as group BStreptococcus(GBS), remains the most common bacterial cause of meningitis among infants younger than 90 days. Maternal colonization with GBS in the gastrointestinal and/or genitourinary tract is the primary risk factor for neonatal invasive disease.
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-Acetyltransferase 8 Promotes Viral Replication by Increasing the Stability of Enterovirus 71 Nonstructural Proteins
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Yuan Huijun , Yang Hang , Liu Yan , Xun Meng , Li Xiaozhen , Fan Tingting , Wu Bo , Guo Shangrui , Wang Hongliang
Published: February 2022

EV71 is one of the most common pathogens causing HFMD in young children, and some patients experience severe or fatal neurological consequences. To ensure efficient replication, the virus must hijack multiple host factors for its own benefit.
Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Indicates Early Circulation of P.1 (Gamma) Variant of Concern in Southern Brazil
Authors: Wink Priscila Lamb , Ramalho Rafaela , Monteiro Francielle Liz , Volpato Fabiana Caroline Zempulski , Willig Julia Biz , Lovison Otávio von Ameln , Zavascki Alexandre Prehn , Barth Afonso Luís , Martins Andreza Francisco
Published: February 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 P.1 lineage is associated with increased transmissibility and/or immune evasion and presents a dynamic evolution in Brazil. The significance of our research relies in the fact that we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Southern Brazil between March 2020 and May 2021.
Supplemental Material: Postulating an unconventional location for the missing mid-Pleistocene transition impact: Repaving North America with a cavitated regolith blanket while dispatching Australasian tektites and giving Michigan a thumb
Authors: Davias Michael , Harris Thomas
Published: February 2022

(1) PDF containing pairs of images for ~250 Carolina bays elucidating their robust conformance to the Carolina bay archetype planform overlay and (2) Carolina bay survey results in Excel spreadsheet for ~57,000 Carolina bay landforms.
Prognostic effect of body mass index in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy combinations
Authors: Cortellini Alessio , Ricciuti Biagio , Vaz Victor R , Soldato Davide , Alessi Joao V , Dall’Olio Filippo G , Banna Giuseppe L , Muthuramalingam Sethupathi , Chan Samuel , Majem Margarita , Piedra Aida , Lamberti Giuseppe , Andrini Elisa , Addeo Alfredo , Friedlaender Alex , Facchinetti Francesco , Gorría Teresa , Mezquita Laura , Hoton Delphine , Valerie Lacroix , Nana Frank Aboubakar , Artingstall James , Comins Charles , Di Maio Massimo , Caglio Andrea , Cave Judith , McKenzie Hayley , Newsom-Davis Thomas , Evans Joanne S , Tiseo Marcello , D'Alessio Antonio , Fulgenzi Claudia A M , Besse Benjamin , Awad Mark M , Pinato David J
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It has been recognized that increasing body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved outcome from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with various malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unclear whether baseline BMI may influence outcomes from first-line chemoimmunotherapy combinations.

Methods

In this international multicenter study, we evaluated the association between baseline BMI, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients with stage IV NSCLC consecutively treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy combinations. BMI was categorized according to WHO criteria.

Results

Among the 853 included patients, 5.3% were underweight; 46.4% were of normal weight; 33.8% were overweight; and 14.5% were obese. Overweight and obese patients were more likely aged ≥70 years (p=0.00085), never smokers (p<0.0001), with better baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group—Performance Status (p=0.0127), and had lower prevalence of central nervous system (p=0.0002) and liver metastases (p=0.0395). Univariable analyses showed a significant difference in the median OS across underweight (15.5 months), normal weight (14.6 months), overweight (20.9 months), and obese (16.8 months) patients (log-rank: p=0.045, log rank test for trend: p=0.131), while no difference was found with respect to the median PFS (log-rank for trend: p=0.510). Neither OS nor PFS was significantly associated with baseline BMI on multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

In contrast to what was observed in the context of chemotherapy-free ICI-based regimens, baseline BMI does not affect clinical outcomes from chemoimmunotherapy combinations in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Supertwistor realisations of AdS superspaces
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele
Published: February 2022

We propose supertwistor realisations of (p, q) anti-de Sitter (AdS) superspaces in three dimensions and $${\mathcal {N}}$$
N
-extended AdS superspaces in four dimensions. For each superspace, we identify a two-point function that is invariant under the corresponding isometry supergroup. This two-point function is a supersymmetric extension (of a function) of the geodesic distance. We also describe a bi-supertwistor formulation for $${\mathcal {N}}$$
N
-extended AdS superspace in four dimensions and harmonic/projective extensions of (p, q) AdS superspaces in three dimensions.
Toric ideals of weighted oriented graphs
Authors: Biermann Jennifer , Kara Selvi , Lin Kuei-Nuan , O’Keefe Augustine
Published: February 2022

Given a vertex-weighted oriented graph, we can associate to it a set of monomials. We consider the toric ideal whose defining map is given by these monomials. We find a generating set for the toric ideal for certain classes of graphs which depends on the combinatorial structure and weights of the graph. We provide a result analogous to the unweighted, unoriented graph case, to show that when the associated simple graph has only trivial even closed walks, the toric ideal is the zero ideal. Moreover, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the toric ideal of a weighted oriented graph to be generated by a single binomial and we describe the binomial in terms of the structure of the graph.
Reproduced Computational Results Report for “Ginkgo: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing”
Authors: Balos Cody J.
Published: February 2022

The article titled “Ginkgo: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing” by Anzt et al. presents a modern, linear operator centric, C++ library for sparse linear algebra. Experimental results in the article demonstrate that Ginkgo is a flexible and user-friendly framework capable of achieving high-performance on state-of-the-art GPU architectures.

In this report, the Ginkgo library is installed and a subset of the experimental results are reproduced. Specifically, the experiment that shows the achieved memory bandwidth of the Ginkgo Krylov linear solvers on NVIDIA A100 and AMD MI100 GPUs is redone and the results are compared to what presented in the published article. Upon completion of the comparison, the published results are deemed reproducible.
Communication—Demonstrating the Role of Mass Transport in Double Layer Formation
Authors: Cameron Amanda P. , Davey Sofia B. , Callahan Caitlin L. , Donne Scott W.
Published: February 2022

Herein we present insight into the structure and behaviour of the electrified interface between a planar non-porous glassy carbon electrode and an aqueous solution of 0.5 M Na2SO4. Specifically, a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode was used to show correspondence between increasing rotation rates, decreasing boundary layer thicknesses, and decreasing interfacial capacitance. The implication is that electrolyte counter charge is being dissipated by convective flow outside of the macroscopically thick boundary layer, indicating that electrolyte counter-charge extends substantially into the electrolyte.
Promotion Effect by Organic Compounds on Dissolution of an Iodine Film Formed by Electrochemical Oxidation of Iodide Ions in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ito Shota , Sugimasa Masatoshi , Toshimitsu Yuichi , Orita Akihiro , Kitagawa Masaki , Sakai Masanori
Published: February 2022

When iodide ions (I−) are electrochemically oxidized in an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of I−, an iodine (I2) film is formed on the electrode surface and inhibits further oxidation of I−. The effect of adding an organic compound as an additive on the I2 film was investigated and discussed in the light of electrochemical investigations, spectroscopic analyses, and quantum chemical calculations. Aprotonic organic compounds such as acetonitrile (AN) increased the current of I− oxidation while protonic organic compounds such as ethanol (EtOH) did not increase it. The effect did not simply correspond to the increase in solubility of I2 molecules. In the theoretical calculations, AN showed a behavior that it promoted hydration of an I2 molecule by coordinating with the I2 molecule while EtOH formed hydrogen bonds with H2O molecules and did not show the behavior. AN desorbed from the I2 molecule when the coordinated I2 molecule was hydrated. The aprotonic organic compounds were considered to act as a catalyst to promote the hydration of the I2 molecules contained in the I2 film and thereby promote dissolution of the I2 film.
Latent tuberculosis testing through the ages: the search for a sleeping killer
Authors: Kestler Bri , Tyler Shannon K.
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis has been present in the world’s population for as long as there has been written language. It is a disease known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Hebrews, but its etiology eluded the world for thousands of years. Even after the germ theory was accepted and early scientists hypothesized a pathogen as the cause, the identity of the sleeping killer in society remained a mystery. That is until Robert Koch was able to grow and visualize Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Koch introduced his Old Tuberculin solution as a diagnostic therapy of tuberculosis (TB), with the intent to reduce the number of infected persons and stop its spread. Old Tuberculin’s ability to treat TB proved minimal, but its diagnostic potential paved the way for more effective tests from von Pirquet, Calmette, Wolff-Eisner, and Mantoux. Florence Seibert set out to identify and purify the active principle in Koch’s Old Tuberculin and ended up creating purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin which is still used as the standard for the tuberculin skin test (TST). Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are a more modern diagnostic tool for detecting latent TB infection that offer some benefits (and some disadvantages) to TST. TSTs and IGRAs can determine if an individual has been infected with M. tuberculosis but are equally unable to predict progression to active tuberculosis, the diagnosis of which relies on assessment of clinical symptoms, radiographic imaging, and sample culture.
Retinopathy among Adult Diabetics and Its Predictors in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Takele Mulualem Birhan , Boneya Dube Jara , Alemu Hailemariam Abiy , Tsegaye Tesfa Birlew , Birhanu Molla Yigzaw , Alemu Simegn , Anto Tsige Gebre
Published: February 2022

Background. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults worldwide, including developing countries such as Ethiopia, and the burden of diabetes-related blindness is undeniably posing a massive challenge to the health care system. Diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications are becoming more prevalent among Ethiopian diabetics. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its predictors among diabetics in Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using 494 randomly selected diabetics aged above 18 years at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2011 through 2014 and was followed until December 2019. The preliminary and longitudinal data was abstracted into demographics, clinical, and physiological attributes using a standardized structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into the system using EpiData version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. The survival experience of the patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survivor function. The predictors of diabetic retinopathy were identified by the Cox proportional hazard model. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were computed, and variables having a

P

value of < 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were declared as significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Results. During the follow-up, the overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was 48 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 40.0–57.0). Age in years (AHR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), fasting blood sugar level (AHR 1.02; 1.00-1.04), hypertension (AHR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.47-4.63), DM patients who had

LDL
>
100

 mg/dl (AHR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.32-5.64), total

cholesterol
>
200

 mg/dl (AHR 2.22; 95% CI: 1.08-4.55), and positive proteinuria (AHR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.10 -2.73) were found to be the significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion. The overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was found to be high in both type 1 and type 2 DM. Age, fasting blood sugar levels, hypertension, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and high systolic blood pressure were all predictors of the development of diabetic retinopathy. Controlling glycemia, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, and blood pressure is critical for halting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Glutaminase 1 Normalized the Metabolic State and CD4+ T Cell Response in Sjogren’s Syndrome
Authors: Fu Jiayao , Pu Yiping , Wang Baoli , Li Hui , Yang Xiujuan , Xie Lisong , Shi Huan , Wang Zhijun , Yin Junhao , Zhan Tianle , Shao Yanxiong , Chen Changyu , Luo Qi , Xu Jiabao , Zong Zirui , Wei Xindi , Xiao Wanwen , Yu Chuangqi , Zheng Lingyan
Published: February 2022

Previous studies have shown that abnormal metabolic reprogramming in CD4+ T cells could explain the occurrence of several autoimmune disorders, including Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). However, therapeutic targets of the abnormal metabolism of CD4+ T cells remain to be explored. Here, we report that glutaminase 1 (Gls1), a pivotal factor in glutaminolysis, might be involved in the pathogenesis of SS. The expression of Gls1 was upregulated in infiltrated labial CD4+ T cells and circulating CD4+ T cells of SS patients. Inhibiting Gls1 with BPTES significantly abolished the proliferation rate, as indicated by EdU, CFSE, and Western blot analyses. Additionally, BPTES downregulated the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) values of activated CD4+ T cells from SS mice. In vivo, we injected different doses of BPTES into SS-like NOD/Ltj mice and found that 10 mg/kg BPTES significantly restored the salivary flow rate. Histological and qRT–PCR analyses showed that this concentration of BPTES attenuated lymphocytic infiltration and the numbers of PCNA-positive cells and CD4+ T cells. The proportions of IFNγ-producing cells and IL-17A-producing cells and the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ and IL-17A, were also affected in the salivary glands of SS-like mice. Cytokine production in circulating serum was analyzed and showed that BPTES downregulated the effector functions of Th17 cells and Th1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate a positive relationship between Gls1 and SS development. Pharmacological inhibition of Gls1 with BPTES could normalize the effector functions of CD4+ T cells and effectively attenuate the symptoms of SS.