bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sun’s Magnetic Power Spectra over Two Solar Cycles. I. Calibration between SDO/HMI and SOHO/MDI Magnetograms
Authors: Luo Yukun , Jiang Jie , Wang Ruihui
Published: September 2023

The Sun’s magnetic field is strongly structured over a broad range of scales. Magnetic spatial power spectral analysis provides a powerful tool for understanding the various scales of magnetic fields and their interactions with plasma motions. We aim to investigate the power spectra using spherical harmonic decomposition of high-resolution Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) synoptic magnetograms covering three consecutive solar cycle minima, in a series of papers. As the first of the series, we calibrate and analyze the power spectra based on cotemporal SDO/HMI and SOHO/MDI data in this paper. For the first time, we find that the calibration factor r between SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI varies with the spatial scale l of the magnetic field, where l is the degree of the spherical harmonic. The calibration factor satisfies

r
(
l
)
=

−
0.021

l

0.64

+
2

(
5
<
l
≤
539
)

. With the calibration function, most contemporaneous SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI magnetograms show consistent power spectra from about 8 Mm to the global scales over about three orders of magnitude. Moreover, magnetic power spectra from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI maps show peaks/knees at l ≈ 120, corresponding to the typical supergranular scale (about 35 Mm) constrained from direct velocimetric measurements. This study paves the way for investigating the solar cycle dependence of supergranulation and magnetic power spectra in subsequent studies.
Metallicities of Classical Cepheids in the Inner Galactic Disk
Authors: Matsunaga Noriyuki , Taniguchi Daisuke , Elgueta Scarlet S. , Tsujimoto Takuji , Baba Junichi , McWilliam Andrew , Otsubo Shogo , Sarugaku Yuki , Takeuchi Tomomi , Katoh Haruki , Hamano Satoshi , Ikeda Yuji , Kawakita Hideyo , Hull Charlie , Albarracín Rogelio , Bono Giuseppe , D’Orazi Valentina
Published: September 2023

Metallicity gradients refer to the sloped radial profiles of the metallicities of gas and stars and are commonly seen in disk galaxies. A well-defined metallicity gradient of the Galactic disk is observed particularly well with classical Cepheids, which are good stellar tracers thanks to their period–luminosity relation, allowing precise distance estimation and other advantages. However, the measurement of the inner-disk gradient has been impeded by the incompleteness of previous samples of Cepheids and the limitations of optical spectroscopy in observing highly reddened objects. Here we report the metallicities of 16 Cepheids measured with high-resolution spectra in the near-infrared YJ bands. These Cepheids are located at 3–5.6 kpc in Galactocentric distance, R
GC, and reveal the metallicity gradient in this range for the first time. Their metallicities are mostly between 0.1 and 0.3 dex in [Fe/H] and more or less follow the extrapolation of the metallicity gradient found in the outer part, R
GC > 6.5 kpc. The gradient in the inner disk may be shallower or even flat, but the small sample does not allow the determination of the slope precisely. More extensive spectroscopic observations would also be necessary for studying minor populations, if any, with higher or lower metallicities that were reported in previous literature. In addition, the 3D velocities of our inner-disk Cepheids show a kinematic pattern that indicates noncircular orbits caused by the Galactic bar, which is consistent with the patterns reported in recent studies on high-mass star-forming regions and red giant branch stars.
The Multiwavelength Environment of Second Bologna Catalog Sources
Authors: Paggi A. , Massaro F. , Penã-Herazo H. , Missaglia V. , Jimenez-Gallardo A. , Ricci F. , Ettori S. , Giovannini G. , Govoni F. , Baldi R. D. , Mingo B. , Murgia M. , Liuzzo E. , Galati F.
Published: September 2023

We present the first results of the Chandra Cool Targets (CCT) survey of the Second Bologna Catalog (B2CAT) of powerful radio sources, aimed at investigating the extended X-ray emission surrounding these sources. For the first 33 sources observed in the B2CAT CCT survey, we performed both imaging and spectral X-ray analysis, producing multiband Chandra images, and compared these images with radio observations. To evaluate the presence of extended emission in the X-rays, we extracted surface flux profiles comparing them with simulated ACIS point-spread functions. We detected X-ray nuclear emission for 28 sources. In addition, we detected eight regions of increased X-ray flux originating from radio hot spots or jet knots, and a region of decreased flux, possibly associated with an X-ray cavity. We performed X-ray spectral analysis for 15 nuclei and found intrinsic absorption significantly larger than the Galactic values in four of them. We detected significant extended X-ray emission in five sources, and fitted their spectra with thermal models with gas temperatures ∼2 keV. In the case of B2.1 0742+31, the surrounding hot gas is compatible with the intracluster medium of low-luminosity clusters of galaxies, while the X-ray diffuse emission surrounding the highly disturbed wide-angle-tailed radio galaxy B2.3 2254+35 features a luminosity similar to those of relatively bright galaxy groups, although its temperature is similar to those of low-luminosity galaxy clusters. These results highlight the power of low-frequency radio selection, combined with short Chandra snapshot observations, for investigating the properties of X-ray emission from radio sources.
Investigating 16 Open Clusters in the Kepler/K2–Gaia DR3 Field. I. Membership, Binary Systems, and Rotation
Authors: Long Liu , Bi Shaolan , Zhang Jinghua , Zhang Xianfei , Zhang Liyun , Ge Zhishuai , Li Tanda , Chen Xunzhou , Li YaGuang , Ye LiFei , Sun TianCheng , Zhou JianZhao
Published: September 2023

Using data from Gaia Data Release 3 and Kepler/K2, we present a catalog of 16 open clusters with ages ranging from 4–4000 Myr that provides detailed information on membership, binary systems, and rotation. We assess the memberships in 5D phase space, and estimate the basic parameters of each cluster. Among the 20,160 members, there are 4381 stars identified as binary candidates and 49 stars identified as blue straggler stars. The fraction of binaries varies in each cluster, and the range is between 9% and 44%. We obtain the rotation periods of 5467 members, of which 4304 are determined in this work. To establish a benchmark for the rotation–age–color relation, we construct color–period diagrams. We find that the rotational features of binaries are similar to that of single stars, while the features for binaries are more scattered in the rotation period. Moreover, the morphology of the color–period relationship is already established for Upper Scorpius at the age of 19 Myr, and some stars of varying spectral types (i.e., FG, K, and M type) show different spin-down rates after the age of ∼110 Myr. By incorporating the effects of stalled spin-down into our analysis, we develop an empirical rotation–age–color relation, which is valid with ages between 700–4000 Myr and colors corresponding to a range of 0.5 <

(

G

BP

−

G

RP

)

0

< 2.5 mag.
The Disturbed and Globular-cluster-rich Ultradiffuse Galaxy UGC 9050-Dw1
Authors: Fielder Catherine E. , Jones Michael G. , Sand David J. , Bennet Paul , Crnojević Denija , Karunakaran Ananthan , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Spekkens Kristine
Published: September 2023

We investigate the ultradiffuse galaxy (UDG) UGC 9050-Dw1, which was selected because of its disturbed morphology as part of a larger sample of UDGs that display evidence for significant interactions. We use the Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys to identify globular clusters (GCs) associated with UGC 9050-Dw1, and the Jansky Very Large Array to measure its H i content. UGC 9050-Dw1, a neighbor to the low surface brightness spiral UGC 9050, exhibits a unique UV-bright central “clump” with clearly associated H i gas and an extended stellar tidal plume to the north. We identify 52 ± 12 GCs, implying a specific frequency of S

N
= 122 ± 38, one of the highest reported for a UDG of this luminosity (

log

L

V

/

L

⊙

=
7.5
±
0.1

). Additionally, ∼20% of the total light of the galaxy is contributed by GCs. Nearly uniform GC colors suggest they were formed during a single intense episode of star formation. We posit that UGC 9050-Dw1 represents the initial definitive observational example of UDG formation resulting from a dwarf merger event, where subsequent clumpy star formation has contributed to its present observed characteristics.
COOL-LAMPS. Discovery of COOL J0335−1927, a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 3.27 with an Image Separation of 23.″3
Authors: Napier Kate , Gladders Michael D. , Sharon Keren , Dahle Håkon , Cloonan Aidan P. , Mahler Guillaume , Escapa Isaiah , Garza Josh , Kisare Andrew , Malagon Natalie , Mork Simon , Niu Kunwanhui , Rosener Riley , Sullivan Jamar , Tagliavia Marie , Tamargo-Arizmendi Marcos , Teixeira Raul , Tsiane Kabelo , Wagner Grace , Zhang Yunchong , Zhao Megan
Published: September 2023

We report the discovery of COOL J0335−1927, a quasar at z = 3.27 lensed into three images with a maximum separation of 23.″3 by a galaxy cluster at z = 0.4178. To date, this is the highest redshift wide-separation lensed quasar known. In addition, COOL J0335−1927 shows several strong intervening absorbers visible in the spectra of all three quasar images with varying equivalent widths. The quasar also shows mini-broad line absorption. We construct a parametric strong gravitational lens model using ground-based imaging, constrained by the redshift and positions of the quasar images as well as the positions of three other multiply imaged background galaxies. Using our best-fit lens model, we calculate the predicted time delays between the three quasar images to be Δt
AB =

499

−
146

+
141

(stat) and Δt
AC =

−

127

−
17

+
83

(stat) days. Folding in systematic uncertainties, the model-predicted time delays are within the ranges 240 < Δt
AB < 700 and −300 < Δt
AC < −30. We also present g-band photometry from archival Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey and Pan-STARRS imaging, and new multi-epoch observations obtained between 2022 September 18 UT and 2023 February 22 UT, which demonstrate significant variability in the quasar and will eventually enable the measurement of the time delay between the three quasar images. The currently available light curves are consistent with the model-predicted time delays. This is the fifth paper from the COOL-LAMPS collaboration.
First record of hyper melanosis in the Patagonian redfish Sebastes oculatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Scorpaenidae) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sanchez Jorge , Burgos Fernando , Melendez Roberto , Klarian Sebastian A.
Published: September 2023

The coloration pattern alteration occurs at a low frequency in fish. The excesses of dark pigments in living organisms are known as melanism or melanosis, but a total blackening of the skin is known as hyper melanism or hyper melanosis. Little is known about why the extreme conditions of albinism and melanosis occur among fish. To date, there are no records of melanism for the genus Sebastes. Here, we report the first case of hyper melanosis in rockfish Sebastes oculatus (Patagonian redfish) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. In 2005, small-scale fishers from Quintay Beach (Valparaiso, Chile) captured a single individual of Patagonian redfish covered with an excess of dark pigmentation. The specimen had a total length of 35.5 cm, and we followed the literature available to determine its morphometric and meristic features. The measurements led us to conclude that the specimen was a black S. oculatus with a rare melanosis condition. Our finding contributes to the knowledge of this species, and we infer that this melanosis case was caused by genetic heritage or some intergenetic hybridization. Still, genetic studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Length–weight relations for 19 freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from the lowland Elbe River, Germany
Authors: Simon Janek , Lewin Wolf-Christian , Fladung Erik
Published: September 2023

Monthly and mean length–weight relations (LWRs) were calculated for 19 freshwater fish species from the middle section of the lowland Elbe River (Germany): Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758); Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758); Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758); Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758); Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758); Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758; Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758; Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758); Gymnocephalus cernua (Linnaeus, 1758); Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus, 1758); Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758); Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus, 1758); Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758); Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758; Romanogobio albipinnatus (Lukasch, 1933); Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758); Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758); Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758); and Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). The values of the exponent b in the LWR W = aTLb ranged from 2.882 (Lota lota) to 3.517 (Cobitis taenia) and the correlation coefficient (r2) was greater than 0.96 for all species except for Cobitis taenia with 0.93. The relations allow for the accurate estimation of weight from length data with reduced handling times of fish in the field while enabling comparisons with other regions and future studies. The calculated LWRs together with species-specific abundance and catch data will be useful for fisheries modeling and estimating population status and related fish species protection, especially for the endangered species in the Elbe River.
A new species and a key to the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtni Abdulmani H. , Al-Salem Abdullah M. , Mesfer Fahad , Al Balawi Manal S. , Allahyani Wasayf S. , Alqahtani Abdulaziz R. , Badry Ahmed
Published: September 2023

A new species, Leiurus hadb Al-Qahtni, Al-Salem, Alqahtani & Badry, sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the Majami al-Hadb Protected Area in the Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. The new species is compared with species of Leiurus distributed in Saudi Arabia, especially L. arabicus Lowe, Yağmur & Kovařík, 2014. The integrated results indicate that the population found in Majami al-Hadb represents a distinct species, which is described herein. Moreover, the molecular analysis is conducted on the mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA to compare L. hadb sp. nov. with samples of L. arabicus and L. haenggii from Saudi Arabia. The analysis revealed a genetic divergence ranging from 6.0 to 12%. The combination of molecular evidence and morphological characteristics provides adequate support for recognizing the Majami al-Hadb population as a distinct species. Additionally, an identification key for the genus Leiurus found in Saudi Arabia is also provided.
« Génération crash test » : les doctorants face au RGPD
Authors: N’Diaye Marième
Published: September 2023

Résumé À l'heure de la « science ouverte », les chercheurs sont soumis à des injonctions contradictoires : s'ils doivent partager leurs données, ils doivent également garantir la confidentialité de leurs enquêtés. Dans ce contexte de surveillance accrue qui entraîne des mises en cause plus fréquentes de leur travail, je me penche plus particulièrement sur les situations vécues par les doctorants, chercheurs les plus exposés car les plus précaires. Face à la multiplication des normes de contrôle, quel type d'enquête sont-ils susceptibles de mener ? Pour produire quel type de données ? Et comment cette redéfinition du métier influence-t-elle leur conception du monde de la recherche ? Je traite ces questions à partir de l'exemple de la mise en œuvre du RGPD (Règlement général sur la protection des données) par des doctorants en science politique qui ont des terrains à l'international. En rendant compte de la contrainte qu'ils ressentent effectivement aux différentes étapes de leurs parcours ­ en amont de l'enquête, sur le terrain et dans la phase d'exploitation des données et d'écriture ­, j'entends poser quelques jalons pour une réflexion sur les effets de la bureaucratisation de la recherche qui affectent aujourd'hui les chercheurs de demain.
Autonomisation des femmes au Maroc : un potentiel incontournable pour le développement
Authors: Chekrouni Nouzha
Published: September 2023

Cet article analyse les avancées réalisées par le Maroc en matière d’égalité de genre et ce à travers le prisme de l’autonomisation des femmes. Il examine les engagements internationaux depuis deux décennies ainsi que les réformes juridiques, économiques et sociales mises en place afin de garantir l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes; il évoque les mesures de discrimination positives pour l’accès des femmes aux postes de décision politique et l’adoption de lois contre le harcèlement sexuel et la violence à l’égard des femmes. L’article pointe également les disparités qui persistent notamment entre femmes citadines et rurales, ces dernières étant confrontées à des discriminations intersectionnelles. L’entrepreneuriat féminin représente une solution pour créer des emplois et de la richesse et le gouvernement est appelé à soutenir davantage l’autonomisation des femmes en accordant des incitations et des facilités, notamment financières. La digitalisation offre de nouvelles opportunités aux femmes qu’il s’agit de renforcer. Enfin, l’article souligne le potentiel inestimable de femmes leaders et appelle à lever les barrières à leur visibilité. Il met en avant la nécessité de nouvelles réformes, d’un système éducatif égalitaire, de programmes de formation ainsi que le renforcement des capacités et l’innovation pour de nouvelles perspectives d’autonomisation des femmes.
Diffusion Depth and Efficacy of Different Infiltration Times for Rose Bengal/Green Light Corneal Cross-linking in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Gao Rongrong , Chen Ming , Chen Xueyang , Liu Xinyu , Jiang Qingqing , Meek Keith M. , Wang Qinmei , Chen Shihao , Huang Jinhai
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To explore the diffusion depth and green light corneal cross-linking efficacy of different rose bengal (Rb) infiltration times in rabbit eyes.

Methods:

Twenty-eight fresh rabbit eyes were deepithelialized and infiltrated in 0.1% Rb solution for 2 to 30 minutes. Corneal frozen sections were cut and Rb diffusion depth was observed under the confocal microscope. A further 36 rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups according to the type of treatment (control, Rb infiltration only without irradiation, rose bengal/green light [RGX] for different infiltration times, or riboflavin/ultraviolet radiation [UVX]). The corneas' resistance to keratolysis and biomechanical properties were measured after treatment.

Results:

After 2, 10, 20, and 30 minutes of infiltration, Rb penetration depths in the corneal stroma were 100, 150, 200, and 270 µm, respectively. The times for complete digestion of the RGX 10 minutes (14.0 ± 1.4 hours), RGX 20 minutes (18.8 ± 1.1 hours), and UVX (51.2 ± 7.2 hours) groups were statistically greater than that of the control group (7.2 ± 1.1 hours). At 10% extension, the Young's modulus of the RGX 20 minutes (36.59 ± 4.90 MPa) and UVX (40.89 ± 2.57 MPa) groups was statistically greater than that of the control group (21.76 ± 5.69 MPa).

Conclusions:

The diffusion depth of Rb in corneal stroma increased by prolonging the infiltration time. The longer the infiltration time, the better the RGX effect. RGX for 20 minutes showed the best cross-linking efficacy among all RGX groups, albeit not as good as UVX.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(9):620–626.]
Visual Performance at All Distances and Patient Satisfaction With a New Aspheric Inverted Meniscus Intraocular Lens
Authors: Marín José M. , Hervella Lucía , Villegas Eloy , Robles Consuelo , Alcón Encarna , Yago Inés , Artal Pablo
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate visual performance, spectacle independence, and quality of vision of new intraocular lenses (IOLs) for presbyopia correction with an aspheric inverted meniscus optical design (ArtIOLs; Voptica SL) in patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery.

Methods:

In this prospective study, 60 eyes from 30 patients implanted bilaterally with Art40 and Art70 IOLs were included. These new IOLs were designed with an inverted meniscus shape to improve the peripheral performance and with aspheric surfaces to induce different amounts of negative spherical aberration in each IOL model. Distance-corrected and uncorrected through-focus visual acuities and contrast sensitivity were measured 1 to 3 months after surgery. Twenty-eight patients answered Patient Reported Spectacle Independence (PRSIQ) and Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaires.

Results:

Mean monocular (Art40 and Art70) and binocular (Art40/70) corrected distance visual acuities (CDVA) were zero logMAR (20/20). Binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at far, intermediate (66 cm), and near (40 cm) distances was 0.00 ± 0.01, 0.01 ± 0.03, and 0.09 ± 0.09 logMAR, respectively. Spectacle independence was achieved by 24 (85.7%) patients for far and intermediate vision and 20 patients (71.4%) for near vision. The number of patients never reporting experiencing glare, halos, and starbursts was 28, 27, and 26 (100%, 96.4%, and 92.9%), respectively.

Conclusions:

The binocular combination of two ArtIOLs models (Art40 and Art70) significantly extended the depth of focus up to at least 40 cm. This combination resulted in a full range of vision with a high level of spectacle independence and without the compromise of halos or dysphotopsias.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(9):582–588.]
Surgical Technique to Treat Presbyopic Inlay-Associated Corneal Haze With Sequential Excimer Photoablation: A Case Series
Authors: Lee Brian J. H. , Ong Hon Shing , Fenner Beau J. , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To describe an approach using sequential excimer laser ablation of the stromal surface of the corneal flap with or without subsequent excimer ablation to the stromal bed to reduce presbyopic inlay–associated corneal haze.

Methods:

Twelve patients who underwent KAMRA inlay (Acufocus) explantation due to corneal haze were included. The mean interval between explantation and the primary surgery (phototherapeutic keratotomy [PTK] to corneal flap) was 16.2 ± 29.7 months (range = 1 to 83 months). The corneal flap was lifted and laid on an evisceration spoon and an excimer laser was used to ablate the flap stroma by 30 to 40 µm depth. Subsequently, an excimer laser was used to ablate and treat the stromal bed following a second flap lift according to the manifest refraction, leaving a minimal residual stromal bed thickness of greater than 300 µm. For both procedures, mitomycin C 0.02% was applied to the stromal bed before the flap was replaced and a bandage contact lens applied.

Results:

Reductions in corneal haze were observed, following PTK to the corneal flap with or without photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to the stromal bed, both clinically and on imaging. No significant changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity (
P
= .442) and corrected distance visual acuity (
P
= .565) were observed. Improvements were observed for both spherical equivalent refractive errors (
P
= .036) and corneal light backscatter (
P
= .019). There were significant improvements in spherical aberrations (
P
= .014) but no changes in total lower and higher order aberrations.

Conclusions:

PTK to the corneal flap with or without subsequent stromal bed PRK is an effective technique in treating corneal haze following presbyopic inlay explantation.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(9):639–646.]
International Market Entry Strategies
Authors: Divrik Bahar
Published: September 2023

Entry mode selection is one of the most strategic aspects of international business. The selection of international market entry strategy is an institutional decision that comprises the choice of target market, entry mode, marketing plan, and control system. The right entry mode decision enables companies all assets to enter the targeted foreign markets. The entry modes can be grouped into three categories; export-based methods, non-equity methods (contractual entry), and equity methods (investment entry). The export-based methods can be either indirect export or direct export. The main forms of non-equity methods (contractual entry) are licensing and franchising, and equity methods (investment entry) are foreign direct investment, joint venture and acquisitions, and mergers. In this chapter, the internal and external factors of the target and home country will be analyzed in detail. The main features of entry mode are discussed in detail, and in the last part, factors that have a strategic importance are mentioned.
Market Entry Strategies
Authors: Chakraborty Oindrila
Published: September 2023

The chapter aims to explore different modes of market entry strategies in international markets for market expansion against the relevant competition, and also to investigate different entry strategy-based examples to discover the corporate uniqueness which could build up a specialised distribution and supply chain management for their competitive advantage. At times it may help to nurture product or the corporate image. This study will explore different components of market entry strategies like exporting, franchising, contracting, joint venture, licensing, technology transfer, international subcontracting, turnkey, mergers and acquisition, and foreign direct investment.
Machine Learning Suggesting Marketing Mix
Authors: Ambika N
Published: September 2023

The marketing mix is a crucial component of a company's marketing strategy that connects the business to the market. Three major global drivers exist: environmental changes, socioeconomic and geopolitical shifts, and technological advancements. Due to these, the market and its stakeholders have undergone significant ongoing and intensifying modifications. Technological advances have increased its ability to collect, analyze, and use data. Additionally, they have imposed new boundary conditions. Indeed, novel consumer demands and legislative requirements have restricted how businesses utilize the analysis. Machine learning algorithms aim to minimize human effort and support increasing business demands. These procedures train the executives and suggest efficient methodologies to increase profit. The work uses a machine learning algorithm to provide a good marketing mix based on various factors. The suggestion makes a marketing mix by considering the major and minor factors. A case study of a supermarket is analyzed in work.
Country-of-Origin Effect and Digital Marketing
Authors: Pinarbasi Fatih
Published: September 2023

The country-of-origin effect, which has been researched extensively in marketing literature, has lately been impacted in several ways by digital marketing and associated actions. This study aims to address the issue's current state in a variety of ways and to draw future conclusions about its many aspects. The study examines the country-of-origin effect and digital marketing concepts together by including the intervention topics of two concepts and the future of the topics for the next years. For the intervention side of two topics, four topics are concluded in the study: the effect of COO on digital marketing strategy and decisions, the effect of digital marketing on COO-related consumer constructs, the indirect effects of COO on consumers and digital marketing relationships, and the effect of COO on macro environment concepts. For the future of the topics, three topics are included in the study: increasing usage of existing digital marketing activities for COO, the employment of AI-supported content generation systems, and the potential of using AI-supported research and analysis.
Behavioural Psychology Towards Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity
Authors: Galvão Ana , Chumbo Isabel , Anes Eugénia
Published: September 2023

More than 99% of cybercriminal attacks exploit human characteristics and behaviour (people's vulnerabilities) rather than vulnerabilities in computer systems. When it comes to cybersecurity, it is crucial to consider human behaviour on the part of the user. Cognitive aspects such as attention, memory, and reasoning can be affected by conditions such as fatigue, illness, or injury and are pointed out as human characteristics that are at the origin of several incidents. Users' stress and anxiety may be correlated with making mistakes that compromise cybersecurity. Thus, behavioural psychology should be used to develop effective educational strategies and encourage safe and conscious behaviour in relation to cybersecurity. By understanding how users interact and respond to AI, more effective and aware cybersecurity systems can be created. This chapter's overall objective is to map the literature regarding the psychology of behaviour towards AI in cybersecurity, using a scoping review methodology to provide input into the behavioural psychology aspects regarding AI and cybersecurity.
Privacy and Security by Design
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Morais Tiago , Castanheira José , Taveira-Gomes Tiago
Published: September 2023

Privacy is a fundamental human right, and the need for information security to guarantee patients' privacy is essential. In today's world, where technology and connected devices are increasingly prevalent, cyber-attacks on critical infrastructures have grown significantly. The implementation of proactive privacy and security procedures and techniques is essential to protect data privacy, prevent information leakage, and mitigate cyber risks. This chapter focuses on innovative techniques for privacy by design and by default in the practice of accessing secondary health data for research. It presents a case study of a secure computation process and technology, which includes an architectural approach to provisioning a zero-trust research environment. By adopting a zero-trust research environment, healthcare institutions can mitigate the risks of cyber-attacks and data breaches while increasing data security for the benefit of patients. Ultimately, this chapter emphasizes the importance of implementing proactive privacy and security measures to protect sensitive data in healthcare.
A Modelling Approach to Privacy and Safety Issues in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Martinez-Bejar Rodrigo , García-González María S. , Scalera Lorenzo , Gasparetto Alessandro
Published: September 2023

Safety issues are relevant in the interaction of human and robotic systems, as these might be a risk for humans' physical integrity. Robotic systems in the armies are a good example of such risk, since these systems are highly dependent on the software integrity that governs their behaviour. But in civil society there are examples of such issues as well. Also, medical applications are usually designed to be very accurate/precise, for instance, in surgery. If that accuracy/precision is threatened due to a cyberattack—as some of those robots are connected to communication networks—the patient could even die. In this chapter, the authors describe a modelling approach that categorizes the most relevant cybersecurity threats to robots from different analytical viewpoints. To illustrate the usefulness of this model, the main characteristics of a model addressing the cybersecurity threats to manufacturing robotic systems is shown in this work. Such a model has been implemented into machine-understandable software by using standard knowledge representation methods.
Hyperspectral Image Classification in Remote Sensing Using CNNs and Attention Modules
Authors: Gündüz Ali , Orman Zeynep
Published: September 2023

In the field of remote sensing, the classification of hyperspectral images (HSI) has gained popularity. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a potent visual model that have attracted a lot of attention recently due to their outstanding performance in a variety of visual recognition problems. However, CNNs' performance may be limited if they can't fully utilize the extensive spectral information contained in hyperspectral images. One approach to overcome this limitation is to incorporate attention mechanisms into the CNN architecture. Attention allows the model to focus on the most relevant parts of the input, enabling it to better capture the spectral characteristics of different materials. This chapter focuses on all the studies that are carried out with the convolutional neural network and attention module approach on the hyperspectral image classification in remote sensing between 2012 and 2022. The major objective of this study is to review, identify, evaluate, and analyze the performance of CNN models and attention module in hyperspectral image classification.
Improvement and Repair Methods of Biomedical Images Used in the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Authors: Türkmen Murat , Orman Zeynep
Published: September 2023

Osteoporosis is a health problem with multiple causes, characterized by decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue. Osteoporosis, the incidence of which has increased with the prolongation of human life, is at the top of the list in important public health rankings today. In addition, osteoporosis can be said to be a costly disease. In terms of days of stay in the hospital, osteoporosis causes more cost burden and longer treatment processes on health systems than many major diseases such as lung disease due to chronic vascular occlusion, stroke, and breast cancer. Image enhancement and enhancement techniques help physicians diagnose diseases and accelerate disease diagnosis studies. This indirectly reduces patient costs and saves time. In this chapter, the techniques used for the improvement and repair of biomedical images in the diagnosis of osteoporosis from the past to the present are examined. Modern biomedical imaging technologies are reviewed. Imaging tools used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis have also been investigated.
Automatic Pain Detection Through Facial Expression
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Dhapola Pratyksh , Kushwaha Avadh Naresh
Published: September 2023

It is challenging to assess pain using self-report measures. However, the patient-given level is not always trustworthy and valid in very unwell individuals, particularly those who are unable to articulate their level of aggravation. The human face is a rich source of nonverbal information that can be utilised to decode friendly gestures and reveal mental states. The change in appearance often represents the feeling of anguish. Clinicians and laypeople alike place a high value on the plausibility of these behaviours, viewing them as predicted and convincing evidence of anguish. Facial movement has been included as an essential or substantial component in the majority of multiple societal agendas or rating frameworks for judging misery. Facial activity coding framework has been widely utilised to identify a painful demeanour. For detecting suffering at the casing level, the approach has an accuracy of 86.02%. Furthermore, with 81.13% accuracy, the technique classifies the casings into one of four misery levels. The method for pain finding at the picture level has a 92.50% success rate.
The Historiography of the Social, Environmental, Economic and Political Systems of Pesalai, A Village in the Mannar District, Sri Lanka: A Content Analysis
Authors: Gnanaseelan Jeyaseelan
Published: September 2023

Historiography reveals many visible and latent facts and opinions about how the history of communities and regions and the evolution of their social, environmental, economic, and political systems (SEEPS) are constructed according to the historian's perspective. This paper aims to provide a content analysis on how the historical construction of the discourse of the SEEPS effectively addressed the issues - especially in the textual and historical construction found in a historical text titled The Cultural Roots of the Pesalai Society, authored by S.A. Miranda. The book narrates the arrival and operation of the Western Colonizers resulting in the consequent socio-political transformation in the local community, changes in religious, cultural, and national identities and the ultimate evolution of new changes in the SEEPS. This content analysis focuses on establishing the relationships between the social, political, and environmental systems in the historical discourse of the book and assessing the historiographical representation of the SEEPS and the controlling factors in constructing the history of the Pesalai village and the Mannar District. The text combines integrated SEEPS providing governance-centric, anthropocentric, and eco-centric perspectives, while a theocentric discourse dominates the text. The book presents the information chronologically and thematically. This paper assesses the author's historical construction to study the impacts of the human-nature interface and natural and human-made changes related to the village system comparable to the whole district. It reveals the challenges and the creation of hybrid and multiple-use social and environmental systems, the interaction of the societal relationships with nature, and the village systems aligned to the political and social systems. The discourse reveals an attempt at reconciling a perennial conflict or competition of sustainable SEEPS against each other.
Evaluation of the Success of Hysteroscopic Uterine Septum Resection
Authors: Mert Sule Atalay , Dilbaz Berna , Akpinar Funda , Diktas Elif Gulsah , Kinay Tugba , Ensari Tugba , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

The aim is to use three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3-D TVUS) to evaluate the success of hysteroscopic metroplasty for the uterine septum and to compare the pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-eight patients with uterine septum who had hysteroscopic uterine septum resection were recruited. Preoperative 3-D TVUS measurements of the septal apex to the uterine fundus (s1), septal apex to internal os distance (s2), and intercornual distance (s3) were compared with the postoperative values. The pregnancies of the patients were followed up for a year postoperative period.

Results:

Out of the 38 patients, thirty-five had partial uterine septum (class U2a), while 3 patients had complete uterine septum (class U2b). Eighteen (47.36%) of the patients who underwent uterine septum resection achieved pregnancy, and thirteen of these pregnancies were (72.2%) term pregnancies, and all term pregnancies resulted in a live birth. Natural conception was achieved in 77.7% (14 of 18) of the patients. Term pregnancy occurred in 68.7% (11 of 16) of the patients with a partial septum and in 66.6% (2 of 3) of the patients with a complete uterine septum. A comparison of the 3-D TVUS measurements of the uterus pre- and postoperatively showed a decrease in s1 and an increase in s2 (P < 0.05). The uterine cavity length of pregnant patients was found to be higher than nonpregnant patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Reproductive results of hysteroscopic metroplasty were favorable in achieving live and term birth. three-dimensional TVUS can be preferred as a noninvasive effective method in objective evaluation of the success of the hysteroscopic surgery.
Short-term Outcome of Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery for Gynecological Malignancies: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Minciuna Corina-Elena , Ivanov Mihail , Aioanei Sanziana , Tudor Stefan , Lacatus Monica , Vasilescu Catalin
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become the preferred option for many gynecologic pathologies since complication rate and postoperative recovery time have decreased considerably. Postoperative complications remain an important aspect when using the MIS approach, if they are not timely or accurately diagnosed and treated. The main aim of the study is to first assess their incidence, followed by identifying possible risk factors. Furthermore, the secondary aim is to identify if the type of MIS approach used, robotic or laparoscopic, may render some additional benefits.

Materials and Methods:

The database of the General Surgery Department was queried between 2008 and 2019 for patients with gynecologic pathology: 2907 cases were identified. An additional selection was performed using the following filters: MIS and neoplasia. All emergency surgeries were excluded. One hundred and ninety-eight cases were obtained.

Results:

The majority of complications were urological (11.6%) with only 7.07% requiring a specific urological procedure. The second most common was lymphorrhea 4.5%. Dindo–Clavien classification correlates positively with the postoperative hospital stay (PHS) (P = 0.000), the type of surgery (P = 0.046), the primary tumor location (P = 0.011), conversion rate (P = 0.049), the expertise of the lead surgeon (P = 0.012), and the operative time (P = 0.002). The urological complications correlate positively with the type of surgery (P = 0.002), the tumor location (P = 0.001), early reintervention (P = 0.000), operative time (P = 0.006), postoperative hemorrhage (P = 0.000), pelvic abscess (P = 0.000), venous thrombosis (P = 0.011), and postoperative cardiac complications (P = 0.002). Laparoscopic and robotic approaches were comparatively assessed. The PHS (P = 0.025), the type of surgery performed (P = 0.000), and primary tumor location (P = 0.011) were statistically significantly different.

Conclusion:

Postoperative complications reported after MIS for gynecological malignancies show similar incidence as in the current literature, also taking into consideration those for the open approach. The robotic approach seems to be able to perform more complex surgeries with no difference in the postoperative complication rates. The expertise of the lead surgeon in gynecology correlates with lower postoperative complications. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
New Surgical Approach to Treat Fibroids and Solid Tumors – Thermal and Nonthermal Ablation
Authors: Wong Wu-Shun Felix
Published: September 2023

There is a trend toward more minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. They are image-guided ablation surgery with focused ultrasound, microwave, and radiofrequency ablations that are becoming tested and used in some medical centers or hospitals. Nevertheless, these image-guided ablation surgeries involve thermal ablation to the fibroids, which might lead to thermal injury to the surrounding tissues, for example, nerve injury, vessel injury, and skin burn due to heat diffusion. A new technology – irreversible electroporation (IRE) – is a new paradigm for treating solid tumors. This nonthermal ablation process does not induce high temperatures when treating cancers or solid tumors. The IRE treatment may soon be used for treating fibroids or other solid tumors. In a few clinical trials, IRE is currently used in experimental studies for treating gynecological cancers. This paper will present the minimally invasive thermal ablation treatments for fibroids, introduce this new nonthermal IRE ablation in treating gynecological cancer, and propose its future uses in uterine fibroids.
Crusted scabies in an elderly healthy male: a case report
Authors: Suhail Aamir , Adithyan Panchatsharam
Published: September 2023

A 70-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with pruritic scaly rash all over body since 2 years. On examination, diffuse crusted plaques were seen over groin, hands, feet, genitals, and buttocks. Potassium hydroxide mount of skin scraping revealed plenty of mites. Diagnosis of crusted scabies was made. The patient and his contacts were treated with oral ivermectin, topical permethrin, and antihistamines.
COVID-19 and aging: an overview of COVID-19 effects on different dermatological topics
Authors: Brambilla Lucia , Cerino Umberto , Pasi Stefano
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, known to affect almost any organ and system in the body, triggering a powerful, but often dysregulated immune response that contributes to the creation (or worsening) of a chronic inflammatory state. Consequently, this impacts many biological processes including aging. Therefore, we performed an overview of the current literature on the consequences and manifestations of COVID-19 on nails, hair, and skin, but also on its sequelae on cognitive functions, on its effects on the diagnosis of skin cancers, and on molecular mechanisms of aging focusing primarily on telomeres length. We concluded that COVID-19 had a detrimental effect on the aging process and that these effects varied among different patient populations. COVID-19 seems to accelerate and exacerbate the occurrence of many dermatological disorders that are typical of the elderly. Moreover, it impacted the cognitive functions of patients and patients that reported cognitive dysfunctions months after the resolution of the infection.
Assessment of the effect of frequency of low-level laser therapy exposure at different intervals on orthodontic tooth movement – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jnaneshwar Poornima R. , Venkatesan Keerthi , Prince Tsander , Pethuraj Vijayalakshmi , Rajaram Krishnaraj , Bhat Sachin
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the optimal intervals of exposure of low-level LASER therapy (LLLT) that would optimally accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Second objective was to quantitatively analyze the difference in the time taken for alignment of anterior teeth with and without the application of LASER.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

PROSPERO database registry was done (CRD42020196472) and review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. A search was systematically conducted in five major electronic databases without restrictions up to June 2020 along with a hand search of selected journals. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommended Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool, risk of bias using Cochrane risk of bias tool, and meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4 software.

RESULTS:

Ten randomized controlled trials which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated and tabulated. A random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated that there is a statistically significant increase in the orthodontic tooth movement when patients were exposed to minimum of four intervals of LLLT in the first month, at P =0.03 by a standard mean difference of 0.46 mm with an overall heterogeneity of I2 = 0% at 95% confidence interval. There was a statistically highly significant reduction in the number of days taken for alignment of anterior teeth with the application of LASER (P < .00001).

CONCLUSION:

Application of LLLT for minimum of four irradiations in the first month has yielded better results in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement than application of LLLT once a month.