bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The progress of civilization and the de dicto/de re distinction
Authors: Ebner Maria
Published: October 2022

In this paper I present my own argument in support of the thesis that de dicto beliefs are, in at least one sense, more basic than de re beliefs. This argument rests on the fact of the progress of civilization, which appears, as I try to demonstrate, not to be possible without de dicto beliefs constituting a key part of the mental processes of the inventor. My argument is to counterweigh the force of Tyler Burge’s argument for the fundamentality of de re beliefs, leading to the conclusion that beliefs de re are a necessary condition of language understanding and having propositional attitudes at all (Burge 1977, p. 347-348). The first part of the paper is devoted to the examination of the structure of different versions of transcendental arguments – objective and subjective, the second part focuses on an analysis of Burge’s argument from language understanding, while the aim of the third part is to present the Reader with the argument from the progress of civilization. The exposition of the argument is followed by a discussion of certain possible objections which the argument may face.
Design and User Experience Evaluation of Bersii Android-based Mobile Application User Interface
Authors: Ramadhani Mirza , Susanto Achmad Aqil , Mustofa Fauzan , Tauda Viana Salsabila
Published: October 2022

The user interface has a substantial and influential role because it becomes a direct liaison between the application system and its users and shapes each user's perception of the Bersii application. Bersii application is created to reduce single-use plastic waste in Indonesia to build and increase public awareness of the importance of protecting the environment. The Bersii mobile application has features such as product refills to reduce the use of plastic waste. This paper designs the user interface (UI) of the Bersii mobile application for buying refill products. The user interface (UI) design results will be tested using usability and User Experience (UX). The usability test uses the System Usability Scale (SUS), and the UX test uses the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The results of usability testing obtained a score of 79, which was included in the category “good". In each aspect of the UEQ test, it obtained the following scores:  attractiveness 2,11, perspicuity 1,71, efficiency 1,98, dependability 1,89, stimulation 2,01, and novelty 1,45. Overall, the results of the UEQ testing were included in the category "good”.
The effect of adding effective microorganisms and silver compounds to flash point of engine oil
Authors: Krakowski Rafał
Published: October 2022

The article presents the effect of the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition on the flash point of new and used oil. The work describes environmentally friendly additives to engine oil. Next the ignition point of the engine oil were described. In the further part, the research stand and methodology were presented. In the main part of the article the flash point values for new and used oil compared to oils with the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition were shown. New and used oil samples were mixed with effective microorganisms in the form of a liquid (2.5 ml and 5 ml) and ceramic tubes (3 pcs. and 6 pcs.). In addition, silver solution and silver compounds were mixed in the same amounts as the liquid effective microorganisms. In summary it was stated, that adding of the effective microorganisms to the fresh oil in liquid form causes the flash point to drop significantly. It follows that effective microorganisms in liquid form have a very negative effect on the properties of the oil. In the case of microorganisms in the form of ceramic tubes, which in this larger amount slightly increase this point compared to oil without additives. Regardless of the type of silver and its quantity, very low flash point values were obtained. For used oil the best results are obtained with the addition of microorganisms in liquid form. For the used oil the addition of silver compounds does not have the beneficial effect of restoring the original properties.
Breves considerações sobre tafoni em inselbergs: aspectos genéticos e morfoestruturais
Authors: Pinheiro Maia Rubson , Holanda Bastos Frederico de , Rodrigues Waldherr Felipe , Leite do Nascimento Marcos Antônio , Sarreiro Auler Augusto
Published: October 2022

Os tafoni (tafone no singular) são cavidades localizadas nas escarpas dos inselbergues ou nas bases de domos graníticos residuais. São originados a partir da intemperização química ao longo de superfícies de descontinuidades como fraturas, falhas, veios, diques, sets de juntas, onde se instalam microambientes de maior umidade. Nesse trabalho foram analisadas diversas ocorrências de tafoni no Ceará, Paraíba, Bahia e Rio de Janeiro. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e trabalhos de campo foi proposto um modelo morfogenético para a formação de cavidades a partir do controle estrutural e, por vezes, adicionados ao petrográfico. A meteorização inicial se dá preferencialmente ao longo das fraturas, especialmente nas zonas onde a água pode percolar ou mesmo residir. A partir daí, as depressões vão sendo alargadas por meio da progressiva descamação das superfícies interiores e a sua desintegração granular. Ainda na fase de fraturamento, que antecede a fase de colapso, a expansão da cavidade cria nichos de intemperismo onde a variação de temperatura e umidade é diretamente proporcional ao volume removido. Uma vez iniciada a fase de colapso, o processo de expansão da cavidade dá-se por formação e coalescência de honeycombs, levando a expansão ascendente originando assim os tafoni.
Aspectos morfoestruturais e fatores erosivos em Falésias. O caso de Pipa – RN
Authors: Maia Rubson Pinheiro , Amorim Rodrigo de Freitas
Published: October 2022

No nordeste brasileiro, as falésias ocorrem nas rochas da Formação Barreiras, que são compostas por sedimentos parcialmente consolidados. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a praia de Pipa, com suas falésias, constituem seu principal atrativo turístico, recebendo diariamente centenas a milhares de pessoas. O intenso trânsito de banhistas na base das escarpas instáveis, pela ação consorciada de processos de escoamento hidráulico interno e ação das ondas na base criam colapsos constantes, criando uma situação de risco elevado. Nessa nota técnica, foram avaliadas as condições estruturais da falésia, com foco nas características das camadas aflorantes, nos planos de fratura, na largura da berma e nos processos de intemperismo e erosão associados a abrasão marinha. Para tanto, foram realizados trabalhos de campo com levantamentos aerofotogramétricos de alta resolução, descrição de perfis da escarpa e mapeamento de sets de fraturas. Foi observado que planos de fraturas verticais, limitados as camadas (Stractabounds), aumentaram a permeabilidade da rocha o que levou ao lixiviamento e ao desprendimento dos blocos. Associado a isso, o impacto direto das ondas na base da falésia na maré alta, abriu uma reentrância erosiva que removeu o sustentáculo dos blocos sotopostos, levando ao colapso.
Análise das variáveis físicas e dinâmicas do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira (IVC) na enseada da Baia Formosa, Região dos Lagos Fluminense, Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gouvea Junior Willian Cruz , Fernandes Daniel , Castro João Wagner de Alencar
Published: October 2022

O arco praial da enseada da Baia Formosa, Região dos Lagos Fluminense - Estado do Rio de Janeiro, encontra-se em processo de recuo de linha de praia (erosão costeira) decorrente da ação de ondas de tempestade e da ocupação urbana da orla costeira nos últimos 40 anos. Objetiva-se avaliar do ponto de vista quantitativo as condições de vulnerabilidade geológica desse segmento litorâneo, conforme projeção de uma possível sobrelevação do nível médio mar. Utilizou-se o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira - IVC, desenvolvido pelo USGS - United States Geological Survey, visando classificar áreas de risco geológico. Através de técnicas SIGs, foram analisadas variáveis físicas e dinâmicas que integram o modelo de vulnerabilidade proposto. Como referência, utilizaram-se as informações de projeções de sobrelevação do nível médio do mar do IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change, estimadas em 4,0 mm/ano e 15,0 mm/ano até 2100. Resultados obtidos sugerem que 41,5% do segmento sul da área de estudo apresenta vulnerabilidade baixa e 58,5% do segmento norte aponta vulnerabilidade alta. O mapa IVC desenvolvido para a região estudada mostrou-se eficiente para possíveis tomadas de decisão por parte do poder público quanto ao processo de erosão costeira, em curso, nesse segmento litorâneo do sudeste brasileiro.
Evolução geomorfológica da borda ocidental da Serra da Canastra: proposição de taxonomia de relevo para estudos de áreas de transição
Authors: De Cortes João Paulo Soares , Lupinacci Cenira Maria , Morales Norberto
Published: October 2022

A borda ocidental da Serra da Canastra é caracterizada como uma zona de transição entre dois domínios morfoestruturais distintos. A oeste, há a predominância dos terrenos fanerozóicos da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, constituídos por rochas sedimentares e ígneas depositadas em estratos sub horizontalizados. Estes terrenos estão dispostos como planaltos residuais por sobre litologias metassedimentares pré-cambrianas da Faixa Brasília Meridional, que sustentam um relevo apalachiano típico com estruturas dobradas e falhadas. A evolução geomorfológica desta área envolve eventos de grande atividade crustal, como o Soerguimento do Alto Paranaíba e momentos de estabilidade climática e tectônica, quando foram desenvolvidas as superfícies de aplainamento encontradas na região. Apesar de haver informações sobre a evolução destes domínios morfotectônicos, estudos envolvendo áreas de interdigitação dos mesmos são relativamente escassos e carecem de sistematização a nível taxonômico que permita a integração dos resultados de modo a agregar evidencias ao quadro evolutivo dessa região. Neste trabalho é investigado o quadro geológico e realizada uma compartimentação geomorfológica como subsídios para caracterização de uma cronologia relativa entre os eventos reconhecidos através da identificação das formas e processos geomorfológicos. É proposta ainda uma taxonomia do relevo que pode ser empregada em futuros estudos nesta e em outras áreas de transição. As evidencias encontradas são confrontadas com as informações já disponíveis para elaboração de um quadro geomorfológico evolutivo para a borda ocidental da Serra da Canastra.
Controlling factors and mapping of linear erosive features in Santa Maria river watershed –RS
Authors: Petsch Carina , Volpato Sccoti Anderson Augusto , Souza Robaina Luís Eduardo de , Trentin Romario
Published: October 2022

Water erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation and linear erosion mapping is one of the essential tools for its monitoring. In light of this, the goal from this research is to map the linear erosive features (LEF) of the Santa Maria River Basin (BHRSM), southwest region of RS, and understand which environmental factors are controlling or triggering erosion. In western RS there is a considerable concern associated with erosive processes that occupy large extensions and cause changes in the dynamics of use and changes in the environment. Data on geology, soils, hypsometry, slope, land use, drainage channels and roads were analyzed in a GIS environment. The erosive processes in BHRSM are inherent to the less consolidated sandy substrate, configuring a natural process. The relief energy for the incision of water flows is meaningful, since the LEF are related to moderate slope in portions of medium altitudes. However, anthropogenic action accelerates erosive processes. It is noteworthy that the increase in the area occupied by crops, doubled in the period of 20 years, configuring a new landscape and dynamics for BHRSM, demanding special attention to this region that tends to intensify the erosivy processes
Inundações e alagamentos em Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brasil, segundo indicadores geomorfológicos
Authors: Ferraz Caio Mário Leal , Valadão Roberto Célio , Pinto Daniel Brasil Ferreira , Almeida Rafael Alvarenga
Published: October 2022

Inundações são frequentes nas cidades brasileiras, não apenas em função das caraterísticas climáticas nacionais, mas em decorrência das alterações promovidas pela expansão urbana, comumente desacompanhada de planejamento e políticas eficazes para ocupação e uso do solo. Em Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, inundações causam danos econômicos e sociais ao município, com o agravante do aumento da sua frequência nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um mapa da suscetibilidade a inundações e alagamentos na cidade. A partir da avaliação dos fatores condicionantes, esta pesquisa se baseou em trabalhos de campo, análise de produtos de sensoriamento remoto e avaliação de dados obtidos junto a órgãos de segurança pública, sendo identificadas áreas com distintos graus de perigo. Observou-se que as inundações estão relacionadas com alterações no comportamento hidrológico do principal curso d’água que drena o município, decorrentes da ocupação desordenada. Inundações também decorrem de alterações diretas no canal e planícies fluviais. Os alagamentos ocorrem predominantemente em feições convergentes do modelado, que também experimentaram impermeabilização das vertentes e fundos de vale, muitas vezes acompanhadas de canalização subterrânea dos cursos d’água. Deficiências no planejamento são práticas que ocorreram no passado, se repetindo no presente, configurando modelo de continuada produção do perigo na cidade.
Geomorfologia e Tectono-estratigrafia do Neógeno do setor noroeste da Bacia Vaupés-Amazonas
Authors: Souza Beatriz Pinheiro de , López Luis Antonio Castillo , Costa Solange dos Santos , Salazar Sonia Patricia , Cuervo German Vargas
Published: October 2022

A utilização de técnicas e métodos geofísicos nas geociências, para estudos de superfície e subsuperfície na região amazônica, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento substancial do conhecimento sobre a geometria e disposição tridimensional das camadas de rocha nos intervalos de rochas localizadas a centenas de metros de profundidade dessa grande área, ainda pouco explorada. A integração de dados de superfície e de subsuperfície, abrange análises geológicas de estruturas em superfície, feições geomorfológicas ainda não identificadas e descritas na área. Neste estudo, o uso de seções sísmicas e de perfis de poço possibilitou a geração de um modelo geológico em profundidade. As evidências geomorfológicas e tectono-estratigráficas descritas na área foram obtidas a partir da avaliação sismoestrutural (falhas e dobras) e as sismoestratigráfica (canais, preenchimentos de canais, barras, vales, erosões e adelgaçamento de camadas). Com base nessas evidências, foi sugerida a ocorrência de feições associadas a cânions de diferente porte e vales, oriundos da reativação rúptil de estruturas preexistentes no embasamento Pré-cambriano. Além disso, também são encontradas evidências de sedimentação resultante da acreção lateral, erosão e adelgaçamento, influenciados por processos de subsidência e isostasia. As sequências sedimentares estabelecidas neste arcabouço são pertencentes a depósitos com idades do Paleógeno até o Quaternário ou recente. Estas evidências podem estar relacionadas com a evolução do Alto do Vaupés, que ocorre devido a falhamentos do paleozóico inferior, que sofreram reativação durante o paleógeno até o recente, com episódios tectonoestratigráficos associados.
Eroded topography in Proterozoic Basement: the case of Capiá river watershed, Semi‐arid Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Panta Genisson , Nascimento João Paulo da Hora , Monteiro Kleython de Araújo
Published: October 2022

: It is a consensus that the semi-arid depressions created in Atlantic Proterozoic Shield underwent intense denudational processes, especially during the Cenozoic. However, there are still no studies on quantifying and spatializing the fluvial incision for the Southern Sertaneja Depression, low course of the São Francisco river. Then, this study sought to quantify and spatialize the fluvial incision over the Proterozoic basement in the Capiá river basin through the integration of geoprocessing and geostatistical techniques (ordinary kriging), based on a Digital Elevation Model. Correlations were drawn between lithological resistance, basement structures and geomorphological aspects. More than half of the analyzed watershed mass has already been removed by denudational processes and the minimum bulk erosion per corresponding area is in contrast with other regions of the planet. The reconstitution of the topography allowed the delimitation of two large morphostructural compartments in the basin. Finally, apatite fission track data from studies already published in the study area were presented.
Identificação semiautomática de depósitos Neogênicos por meio de Modelos Digitais de Superfície obtidos de imagens de alta resolução espacial, Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Sonia Maria Lima , Mello Claudio Limeira , Hochschild Volker , Correia José Duarte
Published: October 2022

Os depósitos cenozóicos ocupam grandes áreas do território brasileiro e são pouco conhecidos e pesquisados. A Formação Barreiras é uma das unidades sedimentares Cenozóicas(Neógeno) mais importantes do Brasil e apresentam relevo de formas tabulares, dissecadas em vales profundos com declives acentuados. Esse trabalho propõe uma metodologia semiautomática de mapeamento desses depósitos, em escala detalhada, empregando Modelos Digitais de Superfície obtidos de pares estereoscópicos de imagens de satélite de alta resolução. A metodologia consistiu em: (1) geração dos MDS e ortoimagens, usando modelo empírico de funções racionais e coeficientes RPC; (2) avaliação da precisão altimétrica e planimétrica (3) preparação dos MDS; (4) análises de terreno e geração de mapas, a partir da combinação e interpretação de variáveismorfométricas; e (5) avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa dos mapas, por meio de álgebra de mapas. Os limites da Formação Barreiras foram identificados combinando as variáveis: altitude, declividade, curvatura e índices: TRI, MRVBF e MRRTF. Os resultados do mapeamento apresentaram 83% de correlação. Do percentual de áreas não correlacionadas, 9% apresentaram falsos negativos e coincidiram com as áreas cuja morfologia foi alterada devido ao soerguimento por movimentos tectônicos. A metodologia proposta mostrou-se fundamental para redução do tempo na geração de mapas em escala de detalhe.
Construção dos símbolos geomorfológicos para cartografia de detalhe em SIG
Authors: Silva Isaac Melo da , Souza Guilherme Fernandes , Lupinacci Cenira Maria
Published: October 2022

No cenário atual, de intensa degradação ambiental, o levantamento e a análise das características do relevo, substrato para o estabelecimento humano, se faz necessário. Assim, o objetivo dessa nota é apresentar técnicas de construção das simbologias utilizadas nos mapeamentos geomorfológicos de detalhe em software de SIG (Sistemas de Informação Geogrpafica). Utilizando um software gratuito (QGIS 3.20.2), foi construído um conjunto de símbolos, disponibilizados online, cujas técnicas permitem a construção de outros, a partir de adaptações dos procedimentos detalhadamente descritos nesta nota. Como resultados, apresentam-se tais símbolos sobrepostos a ortofotos digitais a fim de ilustrar os resultados possíveis de serem obtidos com os procedimentos realizados no programa.
Numerical Simulation of the Nonstationary Process of the Shot Based on the Navier – Stokes Equations
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Rusyak I. G. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Tenenev V. A. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Korolev S. A.
Published: October 2022

This paper gives a spatial mathematical formulation of the problem of internal ballistics based on the Navier – Stokes equations, taking into account the swirl of the flow due to the rotation of the projectile. The k-e model of turbulent viscosity is used. The control volume method is used for the numerical solution of systems of equations. The gas parameters at the boundaries of the control volumes are determined by the method of S. K. Godunov using a self-similar solution to the problem of the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity. The MUSCL scheme is used to increase the order of approximation of the difference method. For equations written in a cylindrical coordinate system, an orthogonal difference grid is constructed using the complex boundary element method. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with different approaches to modeling the process of an artillery shot is given. Quantitative data are presented on the influence of factors not previously taken into account on the characteristics of the process.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Flows Based on Integration of the Navier – Stokes Equations
Authors:   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Lipanov A. M. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Karskanov S. A.
Published: October 2022

The results of the theoretical solution of aerodynamic problems based on direct numerical simulation by integrating the Navier – Stokes equations without involving additional models and empirical constants are shown. Modern approaches to the theoretical study of high-speed flows are determined. The advantages, problems, development trends and scientific directions of research on various approaches are revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of the direct numerical simulation are analyzed. The velocity vectors of laminar and transient flows in a rectangular channel with a sudden expansion at the inlet are presented in different planes. The convergence of the method is studied when the computational domain is quantized in space. It is discovered that fast relaminarization is characteristic of transitional flows. A mathematical model for calculating bottom drag is presented. The numerical results are compared with the data of physical experiments and the results of other methods. It is shown that the results of simulation based on DNS are not inferior in accuracy to RANS and LES results. The results of a parametric study of a transonic flow around a profile are presented. The high-speed buffet onset is investigated. The distribution surfaces of the velocity pulsation energy generation are shown. The frequency of self-oscillations is determined on the basis of spectral analysis.
Exact Solutions to the Navier – Stokes Equations for Describing the Convective Flows of Multilayer Fluids
Authors:   Instutute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burmasheva N. V. ,   Instutute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosviryakov E. Yu.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we report on several classes of exact solutions for describing the convective flows of multilayer fluids. We show that the class of exact Lin – Sidorov – Aristov solutions is an exact solution to the Oberbeck – Boussinesq system for a fluid discretely stratified in density and viscosity. This class of exact solutions is characterized by the linear dependence of the velocity field on part of coordinates. In this case, the pressure field and the temperature field are quadratic forms. The application of the velocity field with nonlinear dependence on two coordinates has stimulated further development of the Lin – Sidorov – Aristov class. The values of the degrees of the forms of hydrodynamical fields satisfying the Oberbeck – Boussinesq equation are determined. Special attention is given to convective shear flows since the reduced Oberbeck – Boussinesq system will be overdetermined. Conditions for solvability within the framework of these classes are formulated.
Nonlinear Effects of Krypton Flow in a Micronozzle with a Cylindrical Tube
Authors:   Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Korepanov M. A. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Koroleva M. R. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, Mitrukova E. A. ,   Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nechay A. N.
Published: October 2022

The paper expresses a mathematical model of homogeneous gas motion with respect to formation processes and the growth of condensation nuclei. Since the condensed particles are small, the research is carried out with a single velocity motion model. The results obtained have shown that the application of the cylindrical tube leads to nonlinear flow effects. The flow responds to: the geometrical exposure related to flow transition from the conical diverging nozzle
Approximate Weak Solutions to the Vorticity Evolution Equation for a Viscous Incompressible Fluid in the Class of Vortex Filaments
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kotsur O. S. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Shcheglov G. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Marchevsky I. K.
Published: October 2022

This paper is concerned with the equation for the evolution of vorticity in a viscous incompressible fluid, for which approximate weak solutions are sought in the class of vortex filaments. In accordance with the Helmholtz theorem, a system of vortex filaments that is transferred by the flow of an ideal barotropic fluid is an exact solution to the Euler equation. At the same time, for viscous incompressible flows described by the system of Navier – Stokes equations, the search for such generalized solutions in the finite time interval is generally difficult. In this paper, we propose a method for transforming the diffusion term in the vorticity evolution equation that makes it possible to construct its approximate solution in the class of vortex filaments under the assumption that there is no helicity of vorticity. Such an approach is useful in constructing vortex methods of computational hydrodynamics to model viscous incompressible flows.
Construction of Inhomogeneous Velocity Fields Using Expansions in Terms of Eigenfunctions of the Laplace Operator
Authors:   Ural Mathematical Center, Udmurt State University, Vetchanin E. V. ,   Ural Mathematical Center, Udmurt State University, Portnov E. A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper we present a method for constructing inhomogeneous velocity fields of an incompressible fluid using expansions in terms of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator whose weight coefficients are determined from the problem of minimizing the integral of the squared divergence. A number of examples of constructing the velocity fields of plane-parallel and axisymmetric flows are considered. It is shown that the problem of minimizing the integral value of divergence is incorrect and requires regularization. In particular, we apply Tikhonov’s regularization method. The method proposed in this paper can be used to generate different initial conditions in investigating the nonuniqueness of the solution to the Navier – Stokes equations.
Bacterial Pathogens and Bronchial Asthma: A Review
Authors: EL Batouti Gihan A.
Published: October 2022

Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. The pathology of asthma is characterized by an increased influx of TH2 cells, eosinophils, increased circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mucus hypersecretion in the airways. Respiratory bacterial infections in early childhood is closely associated with the development of bronchial asthma, andis also the greatest contributing factor to asthma exacerbation in both children and adults. Typical and atypical bacterial species that have been linked with asthma exacerbations include Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumonia. Moreover, microbiome compositions and particular imbalances in respiratory flora are also responsible for asthma exacerbations early in life and play a significant role as a determinant of respiratory health and potential asthma development. This reviews highlights on the role of respiratory microbiome and bacterial pathogens in triggering the immune response resulting in asthmatic attacks and exacerbations.
Covid-19 Lockdown: Environmental Scenario
Authors: Fulekar Jyoti , Kaushal Radhey Shyam , H. Fulekar Madhusudan
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, Corona virus Lock down, including India has improved- Air Quality, Water Quality and Reduction in Green House Gases-Emission as Industries shut, transportation slowed, Flights grounded and Human Activities minimised; there was no Air pollution emission, there was no dumping and /or discharging of Industrial effluents, Solid wastes, Sewage etc. which are sources of pollution. India’s Corona virus –Lock down improves water quality of Rivers-Ganga and Yamuna and others water resources as well. Industrial effluents and Sewage, if not discharged, in Ganga-River, Ganga Water can be purified. People in Delhi, one of the World’s polluted Cities, are now breathing Cleaner Air. Many other Countries around the World have also seen Air Quality improved Amid the Pandemic. The Covid-19 –Lock down. Corona virus measures imposed in different countries have positive impact on Environment. There is a need to end the illegal wildlife trade globally to prevent future pandemic and biodiversity loss. The Covid-19 had positive and negative consequences on biodiversity resources. The Covid-19 pandemic remains a threat to biodiversity conservation. Worldwide- Green House Gases- Emissions reduced: India (Delhi)-70%, USA (North-East)-30%, China -10%, European Countries-58% likewise. However, Environmentalist worried- reduction in Air Pollution & GHG’s-emission is Temporary, as Work will retain to Business, the Level of Air Pollution and GHS’s –level again will come back to the level as found, before Corona virus-Lock down. European Activist call for Green Investment to restart growth after Corona virus Crises; and ensure that rebuilt Economies are stronger. Green Groups in India’s suggested to take note and rethink Policies on Industrial Development for Concern of Environment. During covid-19 lockdown period climate changes have also been highlighted.
Effect of Different Colours of Storing Containers on the Infestation of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Rice Grains in Terai Agro-Ecology of West Bengal
Authors: Okram Supriya , Hath T. K.
Published: October 2022

Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effect of different colours of storing containers on the infestation of Sitophilus oryzae on stored rice grains during 2018-19. The results of the present investigation reveals that at 90 days after storage maximum grain infestation (%) was recorded in Mohanbhog (47.66%) followed by Seshphal (40.07%) while the lowest infestation was noted in Jhagarikartik (34.58%). When the effect of colour of the storage containers was considered, the black container showed the highest % of infested grains (48.86%) followed by blue (42.61%) and green (38.65%) container while the lowest grain infestation was recorded from the transparent container (32.96%) at 90 days after storage. Same trend was also noted at 30 and 60 days after storage. Likewise Mohanbhog again registered the highest weight loss percent with pooled mean values 34.98% at 90 DAS respectively which was followed by Seshphal (32.62%) and Jhagarikartik (30.94%) respectively. It also reveals that black coloured storage container registered the highest weight loss percent (40.70%) followed by blue coloured storage container (35.68%), green storage container (31.70%), whereas the least weight loss percentage was registered from the transparent storage container (23.31%) at 90 DAS. This trend was always observed at 30 and 60 days after storage of rice grains. When the germplasms and the coloured containers were considered together, the S. oryzae reared under Mohanbhog in black containers produced the highest population while the S. oryzae reared under in Jhagarikartik in transparent containers showed the lowest weevil population.
Invitro analysis of the anticancer properties of Hottentotta rugiscutis scorpion venom in oral and breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Kambaiah Nagaraj Santhosh Austin Richard Surendranath , Shashidara Raju Nayaka Boramuthi Thippeswamy , Lakkappa Dhananjaya Bhadrapura
Published: October 2022

Cancer has remained the second leading cause of death globally (≈9.95 million in 2020).Over the past few years, using the scorpion venom peptides in diagnosing cancer has led a growing number of studies on exploring anticancer properties of different species of scorpion venoms. In this study, anticancer property of Hottentotta rugiscutis (H.rugiscutis) venom against breast (MCF-7) and oral (KB3-1) cancer cell lines has been evaluated. Cytotoxicity of H.rugiscutis venom was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle and caspase 9 expressions was analysed by flow cytometry. Effect of H.rugiscutis venom on cell proliferation was studied by wound healing assay. H.rugiscutis venom showed significant cytotoxic activity with the IC 50 values of 279 µg/ml and 373 µg/ml on MCF-7 and KB3-1 cell lines respectively. H.rugiscutis venom induced caspase-9 expression in both cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed that H.rugiscutis venom arrested the cells at Sub G0 /G1 phase of cell cycle of KB3-1 and MCF-7 cell lines. Further, cell proliferation (wound healing) assay showed H.rugiscutis venom inhibited 18% and 13 % of cell migration of MCF-7and KB3-1cell respectively. These cumulative results confirm the action of H.rugiscutis venom in induction of apoptosis in breast and oral cancer cell lines.
Assessment of Physio-Chemical Properties of the Gomti River Lucknow (UP)
Authors: Mohd. Aftab Alam Surendra Kumar Pali , Kumar Pankaj
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of water in the Gomti River along the Lucknow stretch. Physio-chemical characteristics, levels of organic materials, various heavy metals and sewage pollution and their variation have been studied from top to bottom over Lucknow, and the study shows that water quality from Gaughat to Gomti barrage has deteriorated due to discharge of untreated waste from about 26 major drains throughout its course. The water of Gomti river of Lucknow i.e. Gaughat showed minimum pH 7.55 and maximum pH 8.58 of mohanmeakin, minimum dissolved oxygen 1.7 mg/lit of Parag factory and maximum 4.0mg/lit of kudiyaghat minimum TDS is 357.5 mg/lit in ghaughat and maximum 620 mg/lit in parag factory, minimum arsenic 0.029 mg/lit kudiyaghat and maximum 0.079 mg/lit in daligaunj and chloride minimum 3.059 mg/lit in Gaughat and maximum 88.157mg/lit in pakkapul. But due to presence of 26 drains the dissolved oxygen level decreases with its stretch and showed minimal DO at Laxmanamela Park.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Bioactive Compounds Produced by Endophytic Fungi from some Nigerian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Nurudeen Olaleye Oluremi , Adetayo Omotayo Mutiat , Oluwatoyin Avungbeto Mary , Steven Olojede Oluwadamilare , Elizabeth Arowosegbe Oluwatoyin
Published: October 2022

Endophytes’ natural habits are within plant tissues. The study aims to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds synthesized by endophytic fungi obtained from leaves of Azadirachta indica (AI), Talinum fruticosum (TF), Telfairia occidentalis (TO), Mangifera indica (MI) and Vernonia amygdalina (VA). The compounds produced by the isolated endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants used in this study were extracted with ethylacetate and subjected to antibacterial using agar well diffusion method while the antioxidant activities was determined using theor ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Four fungal species were isolated from the plants and were identified to be Mucor plumbeus, Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortil. Alkaloids, saponins and steroids were detected in all the extracts while tannin was not detected. Flavonoids were detected in AI, TO and MI; flavonoids was detected in TO, TF and VA. All the extracts obtained from this study showed good antioxidant activity with TO having the highest diphenyl 2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to the other extracts. All the extracts inhibited the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus with TO having the highest diameter zone of inhibition of 26±0.88 and 35±1.78 respectively. The effect of AO, SJ1, SJ2 was bacteriocidal against S. aureus and E. coli. TC1 was bacteriocidal against S. aureus but bacteriostatic against E. coli while TC2 was bacteriostatic for both S. aureus and E. coli. The compounds produced by the isolated fungi possess both antioxidant and antibacterial activity which can be used for development of new therapeutics.
Adoption of Rice Production Technology
Authors: Jaiswal Neelam , Nishad Toran Lal
Published: October 2022

The present study is empirical information into the Extent of adoption of farm women in rice production technology. The total number of 6 villages was selected at randomly in 2 blocks of Korba District of Chhattisgarh. In each village, about 10 respondents were selected by random method. Results of the study revealed that the overall level adoption about rice production technology in which more (54.16%) belongs to medium level of adoption, while extent of adoption about 40.54 per cent and only 59.46 per cent adoption gap.
Development of Evaporative Cool Supply Chain for Horticultural Produce
Authors: V Vala Kanaksinh
Published: October 2022

Efficient, low-temperature supply chain in horticultural sector will lead to increase the profit of the stakeholders and most importantly reduce the losses and wastages. Low-cost efficient coolsupply chain is required for storage and transport of agricultural produce under controlled environment conditions from production site to end use. Due to lack of cost effective cool supply chain, post-harvest losses are high in horticultural produce particularly in fruits and vegetables. An evaporative cooling technology based low-temperature cool supply chain have been designed developed for fruits and vegetables. The EC cool chain includes; on-farm pre-cooling and storage, vehicle for transport of produce from farm to market, storage at wholesale level, retailer level and street vending cart. All the developed technologies were evaluated for their performance by loading fruits and vegetables. The cool supply chain maintained 10ºC to 13ºCtemperature lower than that of ambient with relative humidity above 80%.Vegetables remained fresh and turgid throughout the cool supply chain. The developed technology is eco-friendly, low cost, efficient and can be used as cool supply chain of horticultural produce. The developed system requires less investment and can be very useful to farmers, traders and vendors and can get more return (higher earning) by saving loss of horticultural produce particularly fruits and vegetables.
Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Foods, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2001 to 2021
Authors: Faúla Leandro Leão
Published: October 2022

Salmonella has been considered the major cause of foodborne diseases in the world. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic resistance antimicrobial of 133 isolates of Salmonella, collected from different types of foods, in Minas Gerais - Brazil, from 2001 to 2021. The antibiogram results showed that 82.7 % of Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 16 antimicrobials tested, with highlight to resistance tonalidixic acid (51.9 %), nitrofurantoin (46.6 %), streptomycin(13.5 %), ampicillin (13.5 %) and tetracycline (12.8%). There were differences in antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella serotypes. S. Typhimurium showed resistance to a greater number of therapeutic agents (15 of 16 antimicrobial tested) and S. Enteritidis a high rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin (89.5 %), nalidixic acid (77.0 %) and ciprofloxacin (54.1 %). Thirty isolates of Salmonella (22.5%) were classified as multidrug resistant due the resistance to at least one antimicrobial from three different classes.Salmonella isolated from animal products showed significant resistance ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline, when compared to Salmonella collected from other foods. The results this study reinforced the need to implement an integrated surveillance system to monitor the antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in the country.
Study of Physical Properties of Custard Apple and Utilization of Pulp and Waste Material
Authors: Bade Vivekanand Namdeo
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, VNMKV, Parbhani (Maharashtra), India during the year of 2017-18.It was carried out for study of physical properties of Custard Apple, utilization of pulp &utilization of waste material. The physical properties of custard apple fruits (Annona squamosa L.) obtained from the farmer’s field were determined. This property included fresh fruit weight, size, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, true density, seeded pulp content, deseeded pulp content, peel content, number of seeds per fruit and volume of custard apple fruit varied in the ranged of 138 to 244 gm, 63.85 to 77.66 mm, 59.28 to 70.755 mm, 0.92 to 1.00, 109.02 to 172.66 cm², 0.74 to 1.7 g/cc, 88 to 120 gm, 72 to 112 gm, 32.89 to 62.94%, 26 to 48 and 110 to 200 cm³, respectively. This study showed considerable variation in some physical properties of custard apple fruit. These properties can be useful for the design of process equipment for custard apple consumed by human beings. Powder form of waste material from custard apple can be used as an “adsorbent” for cleaning the industrial water which contains the higher amount of dangerous chemicals in it.“Leather” which is made-up from the pulp of custard apple can be used for giving the flavor to any product which is consumed by human beings.
Bionomics of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) in High Endemic Madhepura District of Bihar, India
Authors: Upadhyay Mukesh Kumar , Dinesh Diwakar Singh , Bhagat Manoj Narayan
Published: October 2022

Visceral Leishmaniasis is a major health problem of Bihar, India. It is under elimination mode. However, the transmission of the disease is continuing. Some ecological and environmental conditions of the local areas are responsible for the endemicity of the disease. Madhepura district was one of the highly endemic districts for Kala-azar in Bihar. The highly affected blocks Gamharia, Gaihar and Udakishanganj were selected for the study. The cases of Kala-azar declined from 2013 (n=497) to 2020(n=17).The presence of critical sandfly density vector in the locality was also one of the major factors in the transmission of the disease. The Man Hour Density (MHD) of the Kala-azar vector; Phlebotomus argentipes was found 2.5 and 6.2 in insecticide sprayed villages and 1.9 to 9.1 in control village during 2018-20. The bionomics of the established vector P.argentipes was studied in detail with the developmental stages by rearing in the laboratory. The life cycle was completed within one month time at optimal temperature, 26-280 C and humidity, >72%. Sand flies were found scattered in side dwellings in whole areas of endemic regions and confined in dark mud house having cattle sharing the room of human dwelling. All factors responsible for the transmission of the disease like the presence of infected host, ability of vector in the region to pick up parasite, proper development of parasite in the gut of vector and its transmission in fresh host under suitable environmental conditions were present. The findings will be helpful in making the effective control measures to control sandfly density in endemic areas of Kala-azar.
Trichoderma as a Bio-Control Agent- A Review
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Lovepreet
Published: October 2022

Trichoderma spp. is free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. The fungus is also a decomposer of cellulosic waste materials. Recent discoveries show that the fungi not only act as biocontrol agents, but also stimulate plant resistance, and plant growth and development resulting in an increase in crop production. The biocontrol activity involving mycoparasitism, antibiotics and competition for nutrients, also induces defence responses or systemic resistance responses in plants. These responses are an important part of Trichoderma in biocontrol program. Trichoderma spp. has been widely used in agricultural applications due to its well known biological control mechanism. The usage of this microbial inoculant in Trichoderma-based products attracts the attention of researchers to discover more on other potential benefits of Trichoderma spp.
Adsorption Kinetics Study of Bisphenol-A in Aqueous Solution on Clay Materials
Authors: K. Narcisse Aboua , Ladji Meite , K. Roland N’guettia , Baba Soro D. , K. Mireille Yeo , K. Gervais Konan , K. F. Gugus Tanon , Koné Mamadou
Published: October 2022

The problem of the elimination of bisphenol A from aquatic environments by low-cost, efficient and accessible processes is a major problem for water treatment specialists, especially in developing countries. Many studies have investigated the adsorption of certain endocrine disruptors on materials such as activated carbon and zeolite. However, the use of clays remains rare. The objective of this study is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of bisphenol A on two types of clay balls from Daloa and Korhogo ; two localities in the Ivory Coast. The balls were fabricated from clay powders of diameter between 45 and 125 µm. The balls of clay obtained, of diameter 5mm, were dried before being calcined at 550°C in a Naberthern muffle furnace. The specific surface area and the pH of zero charge were determined by analytical methods. The influence of contact time adsorbent-adsorbate, initial concentration and pH of the bisphenol A solution on adsorption was studied, in batch mode, in order to determine the best conditions for removal of the pollutant. The determination of residual concentrations was carried out with a JENWAY 6850 UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The adsorption results showed that after 4 hours, the elimination of bisphenol A was maximal with a yield of 92.99%, at pH 9, for the Daloa clay. For the Korhogo clay, a removal yield of 69.03% is observed at pH 4, after 5 hours of contact time. It is also noted that the pseudo-second order kinetic model describes correctly the adsorption of bisphenol A on the two materials. These results indicate that the bisphenol A can be effectively removed by the balls elaborated from Ivory Coast clays.