bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La legislación eclesiástica, el cabildo indígena del Hospital del Cuzco y la relación entre Murúa y Guaman Poma
Authors: Cárdenas Bunsen José
Published: March 2020

Este ensayo explora el tratamiento del corpus conciliar en las obrasde Martín de Murúa y Guaman Poma de Ayala. Sostiene que Murúaincorporó cercanamente los decretos conciliares para fundar su autoridadde cronista y presentar su trabajo como si fuera una extensión de laobra del concilio que le permitiera ofrecer consejos a las autoridadesciviles y eclesiásticas sobre materia indiana. Análogamente, GuamanPoma se apoyó en los decretos de los sínodos limenses en diversoscapítulos de su Nueva corónica y sobre esta base sustentó sus propuestasprincipales de reforma eclesiástica. Sin embargo, la principal diferenciade su aproximación, en contraste con Murúa, reside en que GuamanPoma empleó esos mismos decretos para demoler la imagen que elfraile mercedario había elaborado de sí mismo, mostrar la inefcacia delos consejos que extendía a las autoridades eclesiásticas, desautorizarsus libros e insinuar las penas que merecía Murúa por desobedecer einstrumentalizar la jurisdicción eclesiástica.
“Escribirlo es nunca acabar”: cuatrocientos cinco años de lecturas y silencios una de Opera Aperta colonial andina
Authors: Quispe-Agnoli Rocío
Published: March 2020

Este ensayo introduce un conjunto de reﬂexiones de estudiosos del mundo andino colonial que, desde dentro y fuera del Perú, se acercan una vez más a la obra de Guaman Poma de Ayala que cumple 405 añosde existencia en 2020. Desconocida, invisible, muda por casi 300 años, la obra del indio ladino se convirtió en un texto locuaz desde la revelación de su descubrimiento en la Biblioteca Real de Copenhague, Dinamarca, aprincipios del siglo XX. En poco más de 100 años, la crónica de Guaman Poma pasó de ser un texto mudo a un texto locuaz sin dejar de ser enigmático y críptico a la vez. Con el fn de contextualizar los estudiosque se presentan aquí, este ensayo hace una revisión de las lecturas y propuestas que se hicieron acerca de la obra de Guaman Poma en el marco de celebración de su cuarto centenario. Reﬂexiona también acercade la naturaleza abierta del campo de estudios guamanpomianos.
Texto y contexto en la Nueva corónica y buen gobierno de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala
Authors: Brokaw Galen
Published: March 2020

La naturaleza compleja de la Nueva corónica y buen gobierno de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala admite diferentes  —y aun contradictorias— lecturas. La poca información que tenemos hasta el día de hoy acercade este autor indígena hace difícil una comprensión de la relación entre su obra y su contexto socioeconómico y político. Este ensayo propone esclarecer esta relación al combinar lo que se sabe de Guaman Poma deotras fuentes y un análisis de lo que el autor revela sobre sí mismo en su texto.
El camino del ostracismo: la justicia en el mundo andino y la negación de la reciprocidad en Guaman Poma de Ayala
Authors: Berríos-Campos Claudia
Published: March 2020

La Nueva corónica y buen gobierno apunta un mundo “al revés” en el que la justicia no mantiene equilibrio en el mundo andino. Este ensayo estudia cómo en el “Primer capítulo de la Justicia” Guaman Poma realizauna valoración de la administración de justicia en el mundo andino y cómo la implementación de condenas afecta el lugar social del individuo en la comunidad. Rastrea entonces los temas de la justicia y castigos, así como la narración del viaje del autor a la Ciudad de los Reyes en el capítulo “Camina el autor” como una versión andina del ostracismo. Entiendo ostracismo como la reclusión física con posibilidades de integración y la condena social del wakcha (huérfano) a través de la negación de la reciprocidad. Por su parte, el  ostracismo espiritual del autor es su sacrifcio para llevar la justicia al mundo andino.
¿Se puede hablar de solidaridad y defensa en la narrativa de Guaman Poma sobre los indios en “Buen gobierno”?
Authors: Morales Mónica
Published: March 2020

En su lucha discursiva para lograr la justicia social, Guaman Poma habló de la población indígena del Nuevo Mundo e informó al rey acerca del impacto de la colonización en las sociedades andinas. ¿Cómo podía lograreste autor que el rey adquiriera una clara conciencia de las realidades que describía? Este ensayo reﬂexiona sobre el problema de la representación con el fn de exhibir de qué manera procesos de otrifcación fueronprimordiales para los objetivos políticos y éticos de Guaman Poma. En este contexto, discursos de la subalternidad y de derechos humanos convergen en una discusión que subraya los problemas de los mismos discursos y su validez. Este ensayo propone que hay reﬂexiones pendientes de estudio sobre producción intelectual, justicia y políticas de identidad que se relacionan en la representación del hombre andino que se manifesta en la obra de Guaman Poma.
Cenários e perspectivas: uma análise estratégica do contexto atual e suas implicações na área dos empreendimentos de saúde.
Authors: Veloso Henrique Maia , Dias Sérgio Candido , Perez Fabiano , Franco Amanda Gonçalves , De Carvalho Geraldo Alberto Pinheiro , Franco Aline Batista Gonçalves , Ramos Elimário Venturin , Jr Silvio Mecca , Martins Caio Marques
Published: March 2020

Diante da complexidade do cenário, é fundamental que os empreendedores possuam uma visão estratégica do contexto e suas possíveis implicações para uma área da saúde. Não estamos categoricamente explicando os fatos que causam toda a perspectiva biológica inerente à pandemia de doenças coronárias, sendo apenas parte de um epifenômeno transitório, mas, pelo contrário, entendemos que as mudanças radicais podem ocorrer nas situações de uso e uso de medicamentos. Portanto, é necessário que o profissional de saúde analise qual é o impacto de cada cenário no seu consultório. Ou seja, é preciso pensar em ações que devem ser feitas em cada situação possível, apenas antecipadamente ou em caso de problemas futuros que se tornem realidade. Criar ações para cada cenário e pensar estrategicamente.
Masonhalea richardsonii (Parmeliaceae) — the first record for the lichen flora of Kamchatka
Authors: Himelbrant D. E. , Neshataev V. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Masonhalea richardsonii (Hook.) Karnefelt, red listed lichen in Russia is firstly recorded for Kamchatka Peninsula (Sredinny Range, Kopyl’yo and Aga rivers basins). Main characters and ecological features of the species are described. Preliminary evaluation of present state of M. richardsonii population and its limiting factors are provided.
Atla alpina, Sporodictyon arcticum and S. schaererianum (Verrucariaceae) in Russia
Authors: Zhdanov I. S.
Published: March 2020

Atla alpina S. Savić et Tibell, Sporodictyon arcticum S. Savić et Tibell and S. schaererianum A. Massal. (Verrucariaceae), earlier referred to Polyblastia theleodes (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., are revised in Russia. All of them are reported as new for Asia. A key for identification of species of family Verrucariaceae with muriform, brown ascospores and hymenium without photobiont cells in Russia is included.
To the moss flora of “Sibirskie Uvaly” Natural Park (West Siberia)
Authors: Kuzmina E. Yu. , Kukurichkin G. M.
Published: March 2020

Results of study on moss flora of “Sibirskiye Uvaly” Nature Park, located in the Nizhnevartovsk District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area of West Siberia, are published. The annotated list includes 74 species, 21 of them are new to Sabun River Basin (marked by asterisk).
Frustule morphology of species of the genus Staurosira sensu stricto (Bacillariophyceae) from the Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Region)
Authors: Chudaev D. A. , Gololobova M. A.
Published: March 2020

Frustule morphology of 9 species from the araphid diatom genus Staurosira Ehrenberg found in Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Region, Russia) was studied both with light and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of morphological data new combination Staurosira neoproducta (Lange-Bertalot) Chudaev et Gololobova comb. nov. is proposed. Importance of some features for species delimitation in the genus Staurosira is discussed. It was shown that S. venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve et Moller represents a comlex of weakly distinguishable entities.
Aphyllophoraceous fungi (Basidiomycota) of “Urochishche Golovkina Dubrava” protected forest area (Orel Region)
Authors: Volobuev S. V. , Bondartseva M. A.
Published: March 2020

The first data on aphyllophoraceous fungi of “Urochishche Golovkina Dubrava” protected forest area (Korsakovskii District of the Orel Region) are presented. Among 74 fungal species registered there 11 species are new for the Orel Region.
New records of lichenicolous fungi from State Nature Reserve “Stolby” (Krasnoyarsk Territory)
Authors: Zhurbenko M. P.
Published: March 2020

Twenty species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from “Stolby” Reserve, 17 of which are new to its territory. Cornutispora ciliata and Hawksworthiana peltigericola are new to Asia and Russia, Polycoccum peltigerae is new to Asia, Tremella everniae is new to Russia.
Scientific computing to foster student research: overview and conceptual framework for STEM curricula
Authors: Dolgopolovas Vladimiras , Jevsikova Tatjana
Published: March 2020

The goal of this research is
to develop a comprehensive and holistic framework focused on fostering
students’ scientific inquiry and research activities through scientific
computing education by implementing computational experiments and simulations.
The main scientific contribution of this article is a systematic approach to
interdisciplinary and integrated curricula for Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM) education. The key interest is how to develop and apply
appropriate learning resources that include software learning objects. In order
to implement the goal of the research, we consistently study the problematic of
developing the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model
for the scientific computing education domain and provide a methodology for the
development and integration of relevant educational resources into the
educational process. Based on this, we provide a generalized model of
scientific computing education focused on scientific inquiry and research
activities of students.
The politics of data and reality in interdisciplinary social psychology
Authors: Sinha Chetan
Published: March 2020

This
article draws attention to the meaning of data and reality in social
psychology, where everything is in the process, and one complements the other.
Since social psychological data matters, data handling and interpretations in
terms of cause-effect nexus, best descriptions and claiming of human
subjectivities become a vital part of the advancement of social psychology.
Social psychological enterprise is a political field where the role of
structure and power give meaning to the data, and hence construct the reality.
The current article discusses on the politics
of data and power and how subjects of social psychology are not data in
itself but active data processor. The observer perspective implied to
understand others’, if does not cater to the need of justice, the data is
oppressive in itself.

Keyword: cause-effect, data, human nature,
interdisciplinarity, reality, social psychology
REPRINT TITTLE
Authors: wardiyanto Ersa
Published: March 2020

PENERAPAN STRUKTUR DATA DAN ALGORITMA PADA SUATU PROGRAM
Explain how someone can become a programmer
Authors: PRATAMA ILHAM FITRA
Published: March 2020

Explain how someone can become a programmer
Mask Is a Double-edged Sword in the Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Jianqing , Zha Ping
Published: March 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has become out of control. To determine whether the lack of protection of lungs is a factor for the rapidly increasing infected population, we constructed a mask use model and analyzed how viral particles behavior. We found that mask can prevent viral particles from crossing it, reduce oxygen uptake efficiency, raise inlet air temperature, and increase resistance to breathing. We found that uninfected people should wear masks in any closed public building where viral particles from infected persons are expected to exist; that masks can dramatically aggravate disease severity on infected persons; that use of masks by infected persons is justified only if cross-infection and successive infections from external viral sources outweigh the expected harm; that people with unknown infection status should exercise due care. We further found at this point no fast measure can break the chain of infection, social distancing rule is insufficient, and wearing masks is the only effective remedy for interim protection. We found that World Health Organization’s rules on the use of masks are largely incorrect, and so are the rules of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. We predicted that those rules have dramatically increased severe infection incidence rate, and have made COVID disease of infected persons much severer. We personally noted that a big percent of Americans still do not wear masks in closed public areas, and leave the most lethal transmission route open. If masks are not correctly used, the U.S. and many Western nations will sustain the worst damages in all aspects from human life and economic activities.
A putative miRNA in the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 has perfect sequence identity to both the forward and reverse complementary strands of hsa-mir-8055 involved in T-cell response to antigen
Authors: Vaschetto Luis María
Published: March 2020

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, encodes for a spike protein that is responsible for both attachment and membrane fusion, thereby being critical in the pathogenicity of this virus. Here, I report that a putative miRNA localized in the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 matches to the forward strand of hsa-miR-8055, a miRNA expressed during T-cell response to antigen, and also binds with perfect complementarity to its seed region
Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tata Usaha Negara Yang Bersifat Umum
Authors: apriyanti Jeri
Published: March 2020

Secara umum, ada tiga macam instrumen hukum yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi perbuatan pemerintah, yaitu melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, melalui keputusan, maupun perbuatan pemerintah di bidang keperdataan. Perundang-undangan dan keputusan terjadi dalam bidang publik, karena itu tunduk dan diatur berdasarkan hukum publik, sedangkan yang terakhir khusus dalam bidang perdata dan karenanya tunduk dan diatur berdasarkan hukum perdata.
Numerical Analysis of the Quran for Explaining the Great War or Al-Malhamatul Al-Kubra
Authors: Ali Abdella Yimam
Published: March 2020

The great war or Armageddon is a great battle that will occur at the end times. This paper explains different stages of the great war or Armageddon through numerical analysis of important verses of the Quran that are related to the ends times and the great war. The numerical analysis of verses of the Quran with the historical events points towards the possibility of the use of nuclear weapon during the great war in around 2025.
One of the earliest studies publishing sequencing data (Illumina) from two SARS-Cov2 patients in Wuhan failed to identify potentially pathogenic bacteria using the program Metaphlan2, when they clearly exist
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: March 2020

It is increasingly being evident that bacterial coinfection is playing an important role in SARS-Cov2 [1–4], explaining hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin working in clinical trials [5]. Previously, I have analyzed the metagenomes in patients from China [6,7], San Diego [8] and Brazil [9] - showing many bacterial species (sometimes many unknowns), and Prevotella immune-suppression genes taking over [6].Failure to identify pathogenic bacteria using Metaphlan2One of the earliest studies publishing sequencing data (Illumina) from two SARS-Cov patients in Wuhan [10] wrote ‘bacterial pathogen identification was carried out by using the Metaphlan2 program, which revealed Capnocytophaga sp and Veillonella sp in sample 2 and none in sample 1, and both bacteria identified were not known for their pathogenicity. Collectively, coronavirus is likely to be the main microbial pathogen’ [10]. This is clearly wrong - Capnocytophaga and Lautropia are there, and also so many other pathogenic species (Table 1). Sequences and full list of bacterial species are in SIstudy3MNGS. And Capnocytophaga, found in the saliva of humans, dogs and cats can be pathogenic [11]. Another observation is that bacteria will high counts are mostly anaerobic.
Algoritma dan Struktur Data
Authors: Jodi Muhammad Rizq Daffa
Published: March 2020

Setelah melakukan riset dan pembelajaran Algoritma dan Struktur Data yang sudah saya lakukan Tentunya pembahasan topik algoritma ini akan saya teruskan sampai semua dapat di pahami.
ARTI PENTING STUDI HUKUM TATA NEGARA DARURAT
Authors: fitriyani cici
Published: March 2020

HTND adalah hukum yang berlaku saat negara dalam keadaan darurat.HTND adalah sebagai hukum positif negara Indonesia dengan dasar hukum yaitu pasal 12 UUD 1945 dan pasal 22 UUD 1945, Hukum tata negara darurat adalah bidang hukum yang jarang dipahami orang. Padahal, tata negara dalam keadaan bahaya bisa disalahgunakan penguasa."Hukum tata negara darurat dan hukum keadaan darurat rawan disalahgunakan," cetus Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Jimly Asshiddiqie.HTND juga hanya berlaku kepada saat saat keadaan darurat yang telah di tentukan. Sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa sebenarnya HTND merupakan suatu hal terpenting juga dalam suatu negara yang sangat di butuhkan pada saat keadaan tertentu,
ALLAH YANG MEMULIHKAN TOTALITAS PERSOALAN UMATNYA
Authors: Takaliuang Morris Phillips
Published: March 2020

Nabi Habakuk dalam kitab Habakuk 4:6, menegaskan: Umatku binasa karena tidak mengenal Allah; karenan engkaulah yang menolak pengenalan itu, maka Aku (Tuhan) menolak engkau menjadi imamKu; dan karena engaku melupakan perjanjian Allahmu, maka Aku juga melupakan anak-anak mu.
Similarity judgment within and across categories: A comprehensive model comparison
Authors: Richie Russell , Bhatia Sudeep
Published: March 2020

Similarity is one of the most important relations humans perceive, arguably subserving category learning and categorization, generalization and discrimination, judgment and decision making, and other cognitive functions. Researchers have proposed a wide range of representations and processes that could be at play in similarity judgment, yet have not comprehensively compared the power of these representations and processes for predicting similarity within and across different semantic categories. We performed such a comparison by pairing eight prominent vector semantic representations with seven established similarity metrics that could operate on these representations, as well as supervised methods for dimensional weighting in the similarity function. This approach yields a factorial model structure with 56 distinct representation-process pairs, which we tested on a novel dataset of similarity judgments between pairs of co-hyponymic words in eight categories. We found that cosine similarity and Pearson correlation were the overall best performing unweighted similarity functions, and that word vectors derived from free association norms often outperformed word vectors derived from text (including those specialized for similarity). Importantly, models that used human similarity judgments to learn category-specific weights on dimensions yielded substantially better predictions than all unweighted approaches across all types of similarity functions and representations, although dimension weights did not generalize well across semantic categories, suggesting strong category context effects in similarity judgment. We discuss implications of these results for cognitive modeling and natural language processing, as well as for theories of representations and processes involved in similarity.
Gaya belajar siswa generasi Z
Authors: Putra Gregorius Editya Koes Pradana , pramesti innocentia dian , Netaniel Meriza , Dewi Rosfita , Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi
Published: March 2020

Gaya belajar merupakan kecenderungan siswa untuk mengadaptasi strategi tertentu dalam belajarnya sebagai bentuk tanggungjawabnya untuk mendapatkan satu pendekatan belajar yang sesuai dengan tuntutan belajar di kelas atau sekolah maupun tuntutan dari mata pelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan macam gaya belajar visual, auditory, kinestetik dan logical pada pelajar rentang usia antara 13 tahun sampai 20 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan google form dalam bentuk kuisioner pada 60 responden.
Maintaining Treatment Integrity in the Face of Crisis: A Treatment Selection Model for Transitioning Direct ABA Services to Telehealth
Authors: Rodriguez Kristine
Published: March 2020

With healthcare funders increasing approval of telehealth service as an emergency measure to provide continuity of care during the COVID-19 crisis, practicing behavior analysts have an unprecedented opportunity to demonstrate that essential, medically necessary behavior analytic services can be provided via telehealth in a manner that maintains treatment integrity and produces meaningful client outcomes. This telehealth treatment selection guide was designed to assist practicing behavior analysts in determining an appropriate protocol for delivery of 1:1 telehealth service (i.e., a behavior technician providing instruction directly to a client, with or without assistance by the client’s caregiver, through video conferencing). This tool aims to help behavior analysts make thoughtful clinical decisions to maintain continuity of care for the vulnerable ASD population, while adhering to safety measures providing protection to society.
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Fatality Risk Perception in US Adult Residents
Authors: Niepel Christoph , Kranz Dirk , Borgonovi Francesca , Greiff Samuel
Published: March 2020

Our study presents time-critical empirical results on the SARS-CoV-2 fatality risk perception of 1182 US adult residents stratified for age and gender. Given the current epidemiological figures, our findings suggest that many US adult residents severely underestimate their absolute and relative fatality risk if infected with SARS-CoV-2. These results are worrying because risk perception, as our study suggests, relates to self-reported actual or intended behavior that can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates.
Contextual Prejudice: How Occupational Context and Stereotypes Shape Bias against Gay and Lesbian Employees
Authors: Mishel Emma
Published: March 2020

While much research provides evidence that gay men and lesbians are discriminated against in the U.S. labor force, the contexts in which such bias is enhanced or reduced, or the mechanisms behind it, are harder to pinpoint. This article puts forth that occupational context—and specifically, the stereotypes about gay men and lesbians evoked by certain occupational contexts—play an important role in shaping bias against gay men and lesbians in the labor force. I argue that people are implicitly guided by cultural stereotypes about gay men and lesbians, which affects perceptions about whether they are suitable for specific occupations. This leads to penalties for being openly gay or lesbian in some occupational scenarios, but may lead to less or no penalties in others. This theory is tested empirically using a list experiment, a methodological technique designed to reduce or eliminate social desirability bias in responses. Results suggest that bias against gay men and lesbians is not standard across all occupations or subgroups of gay employees, but rather, is shaped by important contextual factors that can activate certain stereotypes about gay and lesbian individuals.
Flexplace Work and Partnered Fathers’ Time in Housework and Childcare
Authors: Carlson Daniel L. , Petts Richard , Pepin Joanna R.
Published: March 2020

Prior studies that show no association between fathers’ work flexibility and their domestic contributions suffer from measurement limitations and/or the lack of nationally representative data. Using data on fathers in different-sex partnerships (n = 1,956) from the 2017-18 American Time Use Survey Leave Module, we examine three indicators (use, frequency of use, and reason for use) of working from home -- a work-family benefit known as flexplace -- and consider whether partners’ employment status moderates the association between flexplace and fathers’ time in domestic labor. Fathers’ who use flexplace benefits report more routine childcare, regardless of the reason for flexplace use or their partners’ employment status. The association between flexplace use and fathers’ housework time is conditional on their partners’ employment status and fathers’ rationale for working from home.
Redrawing hot spots of crime in Dallas, Texas
Authors: Wheeler Andrew Palmer , Reuter Sydney
Published: March 2020

In this work we evaluate the predictive capability of identifying long term, micro place hot spots in Dallas, Texas. We create hot spots using a hierarchical clustering algorithm, using law enforcement cost of crime estimates as weights. Relative to the much larger current hot spot areas defined by the Dallas Police Department, our identified hot spots are much smaller (under 3 square miles), and capture crime harm at a higher density per the Predictive Accuracy Index statistic. We also show that the hierarchical clustering algorithm captures a wide array of hot spot types; some one or two addresses, some street segments, and others an agglomeration of larger areas. This suggests identifying hot spots based on a specific unit of aggregation (e.g. addresses, street segments), may be less efficient than using a hierarchical clustering technique in practice. Code and data to reproduce the analysis can be downloaded from https://www.dropbox.com/sh/kcask6pinaaaz4v/AAC4CXk6NzUweyld2n4OznzWa?dl=0
Identification of globulins in aleurone layers of wheat species in mature grain
Authors: Samira Meziani , Mohammed Benali
Published: March 2020

Subject description: The aleurone layer is a living tissue that contains many bioactive compounds. This layer is rich up mostly of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Objective: this work makes it possible to search for sites carrying post-tradictional modifications on the sequences of three types of globulins identified that allow us to predict virtual reality. Results: The proteomic approach allowed us to identify numerous reserve proteins including three types of globulins (Glo3, Glo-3C, Glo3B) belonging to carbohydrate metabolism., 78% homology between Glo-3 and Glo-3 3B was found and 93% homology between Glo-3 and Glo-3C. Type 3B globulins are potentially three times more methylated, hydroxylated and much more ribosylated ADP than type 3 globulins. Type 3C globulins could be completely phosphorylated and five times more than type 3 and 3B globulins. They will then agree to confirm by chemical analysis and mass spectrometry this work.
Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with selected medicinal plants of Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Parkash Vipin , Gupta Anil , Aggarwal Ashok
Published: March 2020

The present investigation was focused on exploration of biodiversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with different medicinal plants. Twenty-two medicinal plants belonging to 14 families were analyzed for AMF colonization. The plant roots and their respective rhizosphereic soil samples were collected from different localities of hamirpur district, himachal pardesh for AMF analysis and spore assessment per 50gm of soil sample of soil. The results revealed that number of AM spores in the rhizosphere of plant was not related to percent of AM root colonization. Highest per cent of root colonization was reported in Ricinus communis (86.5±4.68 %) and Achyranthes aspera lacks colonization. Highest number of AM spore was found in rhizosperic soil sample of Mimosa pudica (177.4±4.306) and least number of spores in Datura stramonium (47.53±2.76). Fourty three AM species belonging to five genera i.e. Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Entrophospora and Sclerocystis were isolated during investigation. Maximum AM spore diversity was observed in Mentha viridis followed by Catharanthus roseus and least diversity related to Datura stramonium. The study confirmed that diversity of AM fungi varies with plant to plant.
Antibacterial effect of green tea extract against multi drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine sample of patients visiting tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Giri Kabita , Shrestha Bijay Kumar , Shakya Jenish , Sah Shiv Nandan , Khanal Hemanta
Published: March 2020

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by drug resistant (DR) Uropathogenic Escherichia coli have become a significant worldwide public health problem. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), has been reported to have antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic bacteria. The main aim of our study was to estimate the antibacterial effect of green tea extract against drug resistant Uropathogenic E. coli isolated from urine samples of patients visiting in tertiary care hospital from eastern Nepal. During the study 360 urine samples were collected from UTI suspected patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of Biratnagar. Urine samples were cultured by using semi-quantitative culture technique and bacteria was identified by standard microbiological procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method according to NCCLS (2011) guidelines. The antibacterial effect of green tea extract was performed by preparing the 95% ethanol extract in Soxhlet apparatus which was dispensed in DMSO solution and sterilized by membrane filtration. Antibacterial activity of Green Tea Extract against MDR Uropathogenic Escherichia coli was performed by making different concentration of green tea. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 27.22% in study population whereas the prevalence of MDR E. coli was 21.08%. All the isolated E. coli exhibited 100% sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin and it was still a drug of choice for the treatment of Urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. The green tea extracts exhibited effective antibacterial activity against MDR E. coli. The MIC of Green Tea Extract was found to be 600µg/ml for 24 MDR isolates and 1000µg/ml for remaining 11 isolates. Based on the present study it is concluded that Green Tea extracts have great potential as an antimicrobial agent against E. coli.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 45-51
The Demography, Health Status and Public Attitude of Owned Dog In Bharatpur Metropolitan City
Authors: Mahato Prem Lal , Kandel Milan , Khanal Shrijana , Subedi Deepak , K.C Bishnu , Wilson Douglas
Published: March 2020

Dog play an important role as companion and guard animal. In Nepal, most dogs are free to roam and only few of household keep the dog as owned-dog. This study was carried out at Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan where 95 dogs owned families who owned 119 dogs were purposively surveyed with well-structured pretested questionnaire to collect baseline data on owned dog demographics, assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of dog owners concerning dogs. In the study, the sex ratio was found 1:1 in the population. Median age of population was found to be 2.5 years and range from 1 month to 12 year. Respondents showed no any specific preference for keeping dogs i.e. 39.5% for male, 23.5% for female and while 37%   does not concern about the sex and most animals were kept for companionship (52.9%). Of those surveyed mixed dogs, of no definable cross, were most common, followed by Japanese Spitz (23.5%) and German shepherd (11.8%). Results show that 92.1% of respondent have knowledge on vaccination schedule while 94% of dog were vaccinated and 82.4% dog were routinely de-wormed. Study findings revealed that majority owner reported the dog  were not facing any major problem (84.9%) while some are facing ecto-parasite problem ( 7.5 %)  followed by dermatological problem (2.5%), endo-parasite problem (2.4%) and viral disease (1.6%). Among the total population only in 15.1% neutering was done  Thus, based on the findings of present study, it is concluded that focus should be given to animal birth control program (ABC) while developing health management strategies. Meanwhile, further study covering wider geography and considering the major risk factors is recommended.

Keywords:  Animal Birth Control (ABC); Disease; Dog and Vaccination Schedule
Characterization and Plasmid Profile of Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Orole Olukayode Olugbenga , Hadi Naja’atu Shehu
Published: March 2020

Klebsiella pneumoniae has been identified as an urgent threat to human health based on its increasing antimicrobial resistance to the beta-lactamases and Carbapenemases. The pathogen has become a threat to both patients and healthcare providers as its incidence is on the increase, becoming a major global healthcare issue. The study was aimed at characterizing and determining the plasmid profile of resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from urinary tract of patients at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Early morning mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections between April and May, 2019 and Klebsiella pneumoniae characterized on the basis of its antibiotic resistance pattern, and the plasmid DNA profile determined. Thirty-eight strains of resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained of which 33 showed resistance to more than three antibiotics. About 51.1% of the isolates were resistant to Tetracycline, while the isolates were least resistant to Azithromycin and Cefotaxime (30.3%) respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed 32 different resistance patterns, 24 of the strains had the capacity to produce Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases enzymes: CTX-M 24(72.7%), SHV 19(57.6%) and TEM 16(48.5%) respectively. All the resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated had the same plasmid size of 48.5 kilobases and only 1 plasmid each though they all obtained a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index > 0.2. The study concluded that Klebsiella pneumoniae harbours genes which confer antibiotic resistance on the isolates. The study exposes further the challenge of antibiotic resistance and need for concerted effort at stopping the challenge of drug resistance.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 21-28
Farmer’s Management Practices Adopted Against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.): A Survey of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Kafle Kapil , Jaishi Mahesh
Published: March 2020

Insect pests are the major constraints of crop production. Mustard aphid is the major problems of rapeseed contributing mustard decline in Chitwan, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted on randomly selected farmers of Chainpir Village Development Committee (VDC), Chitwan after a pre-testing in Mangalpur VDC to study the farmers’ knowledge and management practices adopted against mustard aphid in Chitwan. Study revealed majority (60%) of the respondent suggested aphid as the major insect of rapeseed and moreover, 86% of the respondent experienced it to cause 25% loss to the crop yield. Much proportion of respondents (58%) also realized low temperature with high humidity at the time of flowering as a cause in higher aphid infestation. Farmers use 2-3 sprays of chemical insecticide to control aphid but was found to destroy natural enemies and bee population besides damaging natural environment and human health.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 78-82
Hogares y familias en América Latina
Authors: Torrado Susana
Published: March 2020

La autora compara la evolución de la institución familiar en Argentina con la de las sociedades del capitalismo avanzado a través de los procesos de modernización del aparato productivo y de creciente individualización que han tenido lugar desde fines del siglo XIX. A pesar de que la evolución fue similar hasta aproximadamente los años setenta, los procesos de reestructuración económica que tuvieron lugar a partir de entonces generaron una diferencia fundamental entre ambos tipos de sociedad: mientras que en las sociedades del capitalismo la crisis de la familia es el resultado de una creciente individualización y opulencia, lo cual pone en riesgo la reproducción social; en Argentina y el resto de la región la exclusión social y económica de grandes masas de la población (y de familias) como resultado de las políticas de ajuste estructural son las que han agravado la crisis de la institución familiar.
Experiencias de varones en la migración
Authors: Rosas Carolina
Published: March 2020

El objetivo es brindar elementos para comprender que el sistema de género influye tan decisivamente en las experiencias de varones asociadas con la migración como en las de las mujeres. Específicamente, aquí se procura mostrar que en el contexto mexicano abordado las decisiones y resultados migratorios de los hombres, expuestos en algunos estudios como relativamente más liberados de restricciones morales, son en gran parte el resultado de éstas. Dado que en la relación entre el sistema de género y la migración intervienen otras dimensiones, el análisis se especifica en función de dos de las más relevantes: la etapa familiar transitada y el status socioeconómico. La estrategia metodológica es cualitativa. La investigación se realizó en una comunidad rural de la región central del estado de Veracruz, México, y en su principal destino internacional: la ciudad de Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos. El trabajo de campo duró un año y medio, dándose por finalizado a fines de 2002.
La categoría de “afroecuatoriano” y los rasgos de auto identificación étnica en censos y encuestas del Ecuador
Authors: Sánchez John Antón
Published: March 2020

Pese a los logros políticos y a las reivindicaciones constitucionales, los afroecuatorianos se encuentran sumidos en un contexto de pobreza y exclusión. Se trata de fenómenos que deviene desde raíces históricas cimentados en la discriminación estructural y el racismo persistente en que la Nación, desde su construcción, ha tenido para este sector. Además, los agudos indicadores sociales que retratan los bajos logros en materia de desarrollo humano son producto, igualmente, de la evidente discriminación institucional por parte del Estado al momento de ejecutar sus políticas económicas, sociales y culturales en benefi cio del pueblo afro. La Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida de 2006 ratifi - ca las condiciones graves de exclusión en que se encuentran los afros. Además, es una señal concreta de la insatisfacción de los derechos ciudadanos, en especial los económicos, sociales y culturales. En efecto, los afroecuatorianos ven menoscabados sus derechos ciudadanos más elementales al ver restringidas sus oportunidades de empleo, educación, vivienda y salud.
Migración interna de la población joven: el caso de América Latina
Authors: Rodríguez Vignoli Jorge
Published: March 2020

Usando microdatos censales, varias hipótesis (algunas de ellas convencionales y otras más bien emergentes) relacionadas con el comportamiento migratorio interno de los y las jóvenes se discuten y examinan empíricamente. Los resultados indican que los niveles y patrones de la migración interna entre los jóvenes latinoamericanos aún están marcados por una mayor intensidad que las otras edades, al menos en la migración entre Divisiones Administrativas Mayores, y por una sostenida emigración desde el campo, donde parece haber escasas oportunidades para las y los jóvenes. Como contrapartida, los jóvenes son el único grupo de edad que aún es atraído por las grandes ciudades, y esta atracción es segmentada, pues obedece a búsqueda de trabajo (siendo aún importante el nicho del empleo doméstico para las jóvenes pobres) para algunos (en general de estratos socioeconómicos bajos) y a búsqueda de educación para otros (en general, de estratos socioeconómicos medios y altos); de hecho esto último se ha consolidado como factor y generar endogeneidad en la sistemática relación positiva encontrada entre nivel educativo y probabilidad de migrar.
Género y transformaciones al interior del hogar en la posmigración
Authors: Rosas Carolina
Published: March 2020

Poniendo atención en las mujeres y varones peruanos llegados al Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires en los años noventa y comienzos de la década de dos mil, el objetivo de este documento es describir los cambios operados entre la pre y la posmigración en la figura “jefe/a de hogar”, la condición de sostén económico del hogar, las jerarquías decisorias al interior del hogar y el tiempo dedicado a las tareas domésticas. Se realiza un abordaje intermetodológico, ya que se analiza tanto información cualitativa como cuantitativa, derivadas de fuentes especialmente diseñadas para el estudio. Los hallazgos permiten mostrar la importancia de la migración como factor de cambio en las relaciones de género, así como profundizar en el carácter estructurante del sistema de género, evidenciado en los mecanismos homeostáticos de la distribución sexual de las oportunidades.
Tendencias sobre la convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad en áreas urbanas de Argentina
Authors: Binstock Georgina
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo utiliza datos recientes para examinar los patrones de formación familiar en Argentina y en qué medida han cambiado entre las generaciones más jóvenes. Los resultados muestran que entre las generaciones más jóvenes hay un cambio de modalidad más que de timing tanto en la iniciación de una unión como de la maternidad. Esto es, la edad a la que se inicia la unión no se ha modificado tanto como el tipo de relación, siendo antes matrimonial y ahora consensual. Algo similar se observa en la edad en que se tiene el primer hijo, siendo el cambio principal el contexto en el que ocurre (fuera de un matrimonio y con mayor frecuencia en el marco de una unión consensual o noviazgo).
Religión e iniciación sexual premarital en México
Authors: Vargas Valle Eunice Danitza , Martínez Canizales Georgina , Potter Joseph E.
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la asociación entre la afiliación religiosa y dos aspectos de la vida sexual de los jóvenes solteros en México: la iniciación y el uso de condón en la primera relación. Basándonos en la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2005, describimos las diferencias en estos dos aspectos según la afiliación religiosa mediante la tabla de vida y estadística descriptiva respectivamente. Enseguida, empleamos el modelo de regresión de Cox para examinar la asociación entre religión y debut sexual, y el modelo de regresión logística para analizar la relación entre religión y uso de condón en dicho debut. Respecto de los católicos nominales y los jóvenes sin afiliación religiosa, los católicos practicantes y los protestantes evangélicos mostraron menores riesgos de iniciar su vida sexual y los evangélicos menores posibilidades de hacer uso de condón en el debut sexual.
Hacia una aproximación crítica a la salud intercultural
Authors: Aizenberg Lila
Published: March 2020

Este artículo se ocupa de los programas de salud que incorporan la perspectiva intercultural. Se concentra en el caso del programa intercultural boliviano “extensa” y analiza cómo logra aumentar la confianza de las mujeres indígenas en los proveedores de salud de la medicina “moderna u occidental” y mejorar sus comportamientos respecto del cuidado de su salud reproductiva. Las explicaciones convencionales aplicadas al campo de la salud intercultural han atribuido el impacto de estos programas a su capacidad para “transformar” los comportamientos/valores de la población así como para “superar” la “barrera cultural” entre proveedores y usuarios/as. Sin embargo, a través de un análisis cualitativo, este estudio revela que esos programas funcionan como parte de procesos específicos en los que las mujeres entienden que pueden mitigar no solo la barrera cultural sino las múltiples barreras que las separan del sistema de salud público.
Jóvenes universitarios mexicanos ante el trabajo
Authors: Navarrete Emma Liliana
Published: March 2020

El objeto de estudio en este documento son los jóvenes universitarios mexicanos y su relación con el mercado laboral. La cuestión principal es analizar si, ante mercados tan deprimidos, los jóvenes más escolarizados pueden acceder a empleos menos deteriorados que sus pares no escolarizados. En principio, se señalan las perspectivas en torno a la relación trabajoescuela en América Latina y México; se repasan los textos que, con diversas miradas, se han escrito en torno a los jóvenes y el trabajo. Finalmente, desde un enfoque sociodemográco, se analizan algunos indicadores que proporciona la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo 2008 para explorar la situación que viven en el trabajo los jóvenes mexicanos con estudios universitarios en comparación con los menos escolarizados
Desigualdades sociales en trayectorias laborales de jóvenes en la Argentina
Authors: Pérez Pablo Ernesto , Deleo Camila , Fernández Massi Mariana
Published: March 2020

Al analizar el proceso de inserción laboral de los jóvenes, los factores usualmente considerados son las credenciales educativas, las experiencias laborales previas y el género, invisibilizando una dimensión más estructural como es el origen social. El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar de qué formas el origen social delinea distintas trayectorias laborales para los jóvenes en la Argentina. En este trabajo adoptamos una perspectiva longitudinal en la que articulamos una mirada cuantitativa –a partir de matrices de transición construidas con microdatos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (eph)– con una perspectiva cualitativa del mundo laboral. La combinación de enfoques nos permite ir más allá del análisis de transiciones laborales a partir de los datos estadísticos y analizar trayectos más amplios de la inserción laboral de los jóvenes, lo cual posibilita articular los factores estructurales que afectan las posibilidades de trabajo con las significaciones y visiones puestas en juego por los jóvenes
La recomposición de pareja en el Uruguay
Authors: Cabella Wanda
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las trayectorias conyugales posruptura femeninas y masculinas con datos retrospectivos a partir de análisis de supervivencia y análisis multivariados. Se pretende responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿con qué frecuencia y después de cuánto tiempo ocurren las uniones posruptura?; ¿hay diferencias de género en la probabilidad de recomposición?; ¿qué factores inciden sobre la probabilidad de recomponer la vida conyugal? La edad a la ruptura afecta muy especialmente a la recomposición en ambos sexos: pasados los treinta años decrece en forma sustantiva la probabilidad de volver a unirse. Contraintuitivamente, tener hijos no impone barreras a la formación de nuevas uniones. En consecuencia, los resultados no confirman la idea extendida de que los hijos son un obstáculo para iniciar otro vínculo conyugal. Este hallazgo, en combinación con los efectos positivos sobre la recomposición que ejercen tener orientación religiosa y haberse casado legalmente en la unión anterior, sugiere que, tanto entre los hombres como entre las mujeres, la formación de una nueva unión posruptura se vincula particularmente con orientaciones hacia la vida familiar.
Imigração e família, segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Odilon Nadalin Sergio
Published: March 2020

Tendo como foco o Brasil Meridional, o texto se propõe a pensar sua população a partir de algumas generalizações conhecidas e de modelos amplamente aceitos pela historiografia, pelo menos nas suas formas estruturais. A experimentação de suas coerências realiza-se em especial no terceiro quartel do século xix, quando se colocam em primeiro plano personagens imigrantes: até que ponto a consistência dos modelos se mantém, ao introduzirmos nas suas engrenagens o elemento complexo dos contatos culturais resultantes das imigrações? Essa questão permite aventar hipóteses a respeito da articulação entre a estrutura da família construída pelos estrangeiros e descendentes e a própria estrutura mais ampla das relações sociais, numa dialética de mudanças que passam do “antigo” para o “moderno”. Questão que perpassa os comportamentos reprodutivos dos casais imigrantes que colocam algo a explicar e a compreender.