bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiculectomy and Orthonyxia for Ingrown Toenails in Patients at Risk; Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors:   Diabetes Centre, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, L Rosien , PR van Dijk ,   Diabetes Centre, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, J Oskam ,   Department of surgery, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, KH Groenier ,   Diabetes Centre, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, ROB Gans ,   Department of Internal Medicine University of Groningen, The Netherlands, HJG Bilo ,   Diabetes Centre, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands, GWD Landman ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Gelre Hospital, The Netherlands
Published: April 2021

Background: Ingrown toenails (unguis incarnatus) are common in persons with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Minimal invasive treatment of ingrown toenails with spiculectomy and/or orthonyxia might be a promising treatment option. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimal invasive treatment spiculectomy and orthonyxia Design/Setting: Prospective observational cohort study in an outpatient podiatric clinic Method: Eighty-eight patients with unguis incarnatus were included. Primary outcomes were post-procedural complication rate (infection and hemorrhage), and duration of pain. Patient satisfaction during and after treatment procedure was evaluated. Results: Healing was achieved in 80/88 (90.9%) persons; non-DM group 28/32 (87.5%) vs DM group 51/56 (91.1%); median healing time (21 [14, 42] days) and median treatment time; (56 [30, 86] days) were comparable between the non-DM and the DM groups. (Sixty-four patients (72.7%) had a significant pain reduction within 0-2 days. Median reduction of the VAS score after the first treatment was 2.0 points [0.0, 6.0] (non-DM group 3.5[1.0, 6.0]; DM group 2.0[0.0, 5.0] (p=0.0117)). Forty-eight (94, 4%) patients, 31(96.9%) non-DM group vs 53(94.6%) DM group (p=0.534)) had no limitations in daily activities by the affected toe after 14 days. There were no treatment-related complications like bleeding or infection. Conclusion: Spiculectomy and orthonyxia resulted in a high patient satisfaction. Five of 88 patients needed referral for a partial nail resection. This treatment seems to be very suiTable for persons with a high risk for foot ulcerations.
Stem Cells Applications in Therapeutics and Site-Specific Genome Editing Through CRISPR Cas9 System
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, M Javed , A Khan ,   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan, M Mukheed ,   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Published: April 2021

Stem cells ae immature cells that have ability to differentiate into all specific and mature cells in body. The two main characteristics of stem cells are selfrenewable and ability to differentiate into all mature, functional and adult cells types. There are the two major classes a) pluripotent stem cells which have potential to differentiate in all adult cell and b) multipotent stem cells which have capacity to differentiate into many adult cells but not in all cell types. Due to the self-renewable ability stem cells are use in therapeutics, tissue regeneration, disease modeling and regenerative medicines and to treat cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and most importantly to treat carcinomas. The human induced pluripotent stem cells provide a great platform to study and treatment of human diseases because these are able to differentiate into many functional and specialized adult cells of body. The genome editing tools such as CRISPR Cas9 system and TALENs are used to generate multiple DNA variants in hPSCs by inducing site specific mutations, frame shift mutation and deletion. In present days CRISPR Cas9 is more efficient and frequent method for genome editing which is derived from bacterial cell.
Focused Laser Spike Dewetting as a Rheology Method for Soft Matter Thin Films
Authors: Ma Tianxing , Liu Alex , Nitzsche Michael P. , Jin Yi , Buznitsky Kyle , Sridhar Adithya , Chacko Dennis , Fakhraai Zahra , Singer Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Focused laser spike (FLaSk) dewetting employs a localized heat source to create thermocapillary induced trench-ridge morphologies. By using a universal heating substrate to create a material independent thermal profile coupled with optical microscopy, we have studied the dewetted ridge feature for several distinct glassy thin films. The evolution of the ridge's radius over time can be modeled using stretched exponential functions to derive a maximum dewetted radius and a characteristic decay time. The characteristic decay time shows a super-Arrhenius behavior resembling viscosity change during the glass transition process. An effective viscosity is defined by balancing the thermocapillary Marangoni stress using the mean temperature in the melt pool, indicating clear signature of composition. In this way, we have demonstrated that FLaSk dewetting as a rheologymethod can be employed for high-throughput analysis of glassy thin film materials at high temperature and shear.
Charge-Transfer Promoted Fixation of Glyphosate on TiO2 - a Multiscale Approach
Authors: Balzaretti Filippo , von Einem Maria , Gerhards Luca , Dononelli Wilke , Stauch Tim , Klüner Thorsten , Köppen Susan
Published: April 2021

In the present manuscript we used atomistic simulation methodsto investigate the adsorption of GGG on the titania rutile-(110)surface. The molecule showed a high adsorption to the surface es-pecially in its bidentate-⊥mode. This configuration was furtherinvestigated both in terms of charge transfer and strain analysis.In the first case a transfer of roughly one electron was observedfrom the functional groups binding to the surface atoms, leavingthe molecule at the phosphate and carboxylic groups. This chargeis distributed into the rutile’s bulk, where it gets then dissipated.To get a hint on the location of the bond break, the strain analysis identified the C-C bond as the major strain location. This presump-tion can not be confirmed in this work. In order to understand pho-tocaltalytic degradation of GGG in further investigations, a clustermodel was developed for TD-DFT simulations. The cluster simu-lations are in good agreement with the DFT simulations in termsof ground state properties (band gap and HOMO-levels) as well as geometrically optimized structures.

Here not only the DOS showeda reduction of the band gap upon adsorption, but also the TD-DFTspectrum lied in the same regime. Hence, there is a high likelihoodfor GGG to proceed in a photocatalytic reaction
ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE CHEKHOV’S PARODY («NOVEL WITH CONTRABASS»)
Authors: Николаева Светлана Юрьевна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблема жанрово-стилевого своеобразия рассказа А.П. Чехова «Роман с контрабасом» (1886) как яркий образец чеховской пародии. В интертекстуальном слое произведения выявляются параллели, цитаты и реминисценции из сочинений Пушкина и Жуковского, определяются их художественные функции. Делается вывод о роли жанровой традиции баллады в творчестве Чехова. Раскрывается сущность эстетических исканий Чехова: художественная антропология писателя основана на том, что для чеховских героев и раннего, и позднего периодов творчества действительно существует «инобытие, духовная ипостась бытия». Чехов по-разному на разных этапах творчества изображает это инобытие, но не учитывать данный феномен чеховедение не может. Необходимо целостное рассмотрение чеховского наследия с помощью методологии «духовного реализма».

The article deals with the problem of genre and style originality of the story by A.P. Chekhov’s «Novel with a contrabass» (1886) as a vivid example of Chekhov’s parody. In the intertextual layer of the work, parallels, quotations and reminiscences from the works of Pushkin and Zhukovsky are revealed, and their artistic functions are determined. The conclusion is made about the role of the genre tradition of the ballad in the work of Chekhov. The essence of Chekhov’s aesthetic searches is revealed: the writer’s artistic anthropology is based on the fact that for Chekhov’s heroes of both the early and late periods of creativity, there really is «otherness, the spiritual hypostasis of being». Chekhov depicts this other being in different ways at different stages of creativity, but Chekhovian studies cannot ignore this phenomenon. A holistic examination of Chekhov’s legacy using the methodology of «spiritual realism» is necessary.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELDS «FORNICATION» AND «CHASTITY» IN N.V. GOGOL’S SPIRITUAL PROSE: MEANINGS AND SENSES OF KEY LEXEMES
Authors: Некрасова Анна Вячеславовна
Published: April 2021

Реконструкция лексико-семантического поля «Блуд / целомудрие», репрезентирующего явления христианской жизни, как один из инструментов изучения духовной прозы позволяет по-новому прочесть русскую классическую литературу. В статье на примере выявления узуальных и контекстуальных значений и смыслов лексем блуд и целомудрие выявляются и уточняются своеобразие мировоззрения Н.В. Гоголя, его взгляды на место христианской составляющей в социальной и духовной жизни России, на пути ее развития.

One of the tools for studying spiritual prose is the reconstruction of lexical and semantic fields that represent the phenomena of Christian life. The originality of Gogol’s worldview, his views on the place of the Christian components in the social and spiritual life of Russia, on the way of its development are clarified in the article by examples of identifying the usual and contextual meanings and senses of lexemes fornication and chastity .
LYRICAL POETRY BY Y. MORITZ: ON THE QUESTION OF POETICS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Громова Полина Сергеевна
Published: April 2021

В статье анализируются основные темы и художественные особенности лирики Ю.П. Мориц, в которой нашли отражение советская эпоха и постсоветская действительность.

The article analyzes the main themes and artistic features of the lyrics of Y.P. Morits, which reflect the Soviet era and post-Soviet reality.
THE SPECIFICITY OF OLGA KAMENSKI’S LYRIC POETRY THEMES
Authors: Петров Алексей Андреевич
Published: April 2021

В статье представлен анализ поэтического наследия Ольга Каменской, которая активно публиковалась в «Псковских епархиальных ведомостях» в конце XIX - начале ХХ вв. Своеобразие лирики О. Каменской заключается не только в обращении к религиозным темам и мотивам, но и в рефлексии на события истории России рубежа столетий.

The article represents the analyses of Olga Kamenski’s lyrical poetry heritage. Olga Kamenski’s verses were published in Pskov Eparchial Gazette in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The specificity of Olga Kamenski’s lyrical poetry includes not only the appeal to the religious themes and motifs, but also the reflection on the Russian history at the turn of the century.
BIBLICAL DISCOURSE IN YURI KUZNETSOV’S POETRY
Authors: Ильиных Анастасия Витальевна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные векторы развития поэтической мысли Ю.П. Кузнецова, связанные с библейским дискурсом: осмысление образа Христа как морально-нравственного ориентира, отношение к Родине как к образу мира в свете христианского миропредставления, определение роли поэта как проповедника Божьего Слова. Особое внимание уделено сквозному мотиву отражения в творчестве автора и антонимическому построению образной системы Ю.П. Кузнецова, а также эсхатологическим, или инфернальным, мотивам в его произведениях.

The article discusses the main vectors of the development of Y.P. Kuznetsov’s poetic thought related to the biblical discourse: the understanding of the image of Christ as a moral compass, the perception of the Motherland as an image of the world in the light of the Christian worldview, the definition of the role of the poet as a preacher of God’s Word. Special attention is paid to the leitmotif of reflection in the author’s work and the antonymic construction of Y.P. Kuznetsov’s figurative system; eschatological, or infernal, motives in his works are also discussed.
ROLE OF WOMEN’S SUIT IN NOVEL N.S. LESKOV «NOWHERE»
Authors: Рыбакова Анна Алексеевна
Published: April 2021

Действие романа «Некуда» Н. С. Лескова происходит в 1860-е гг., в нём отражены модные тенденции, связанные с эмансипацией и нигилистическим движением, в частности, прослеживается упрощение в одежде и ее стилизация под мужскую. Костюм является важной деталью при создании образа «новых людей», которые отказываются от моды, с безразличием относясь к своему гардеробу.

The action of the novel «Nowhere» by N.S. Leskov takes place in the 1860s, it reflects fashion trends associated with emancipation and the nihilist movement, in particular, simplification of clothes and their stylization for men’s clothing are traced. The costume is an important detail when creating the image of the «new people» who give up fashion, showing total indifference to their wardrobe.
COMPETENCE APPROACH TO MODELING THE PERSONALITY OF THE HEAD OF THE POST OFFICE OF JC «RUSSIAN POST»
Authors: Копылова Наталья Вячеславовна , Якушенко Анастасия Александровна
Published: April 2021

Изучены возможности применения компетентностного подхода к моделированию личности и построению модели компетенций руководителя. Представлены эмпирические результаты исследования по моделированию личности руководителя организационного уровня управления АО «Почта России» на основе самооценки и экспертной оценки. Проведен анализ различий между идеальной и реальной моделями компетенций начальника отделения почтовой связи.

The possibilities of applying the competence approach to personality modeling and building a model of the Manager's competencies are studied. The article presents empirical results of research on modeling the personality of the head of the organizational level of management of JC «Russian Post» on the basis of self-assessment and expert assessment. The analysis of differences between the ideal and real models of competencies of the head of the post office is carried out.
APPLICATION OF CASE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Саакян Сергей Арменович
Published: April 2021

Рассматриваются теоретические и методические особенности использования кейс-технологии в начальной школе. Даются методические рекомендации по применению кейсов при изучении тем экологического содержания в курсе «Окружающий мир». Приводятся результаты анкетирования педагогов начальной школы по вопросам использования кейс-технологии.

The article describes the theoretical and application approach of the use of case studies in elementary school education. Application approaches are shown through the different cases in the study of environmental topics found in the elementary school course «The World Around». Survey results of elementary school teachers on the use of case studies are also presented.
FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL TOLERANCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Скребнева Наталья Ростиславовна , Арутюнян Изабелла Арташесовна
Published: April 2021

В статье анализируется возможность применения современных педагогических технологий (на примере интегративного подхода) в процессе преподавания дисциплин студентам педагогических специальностей СПО в целях формирования педагогической толерантности. Рассмотрены понятия «толерантность», виды, формы, классификации толерантности, а также понятие «педагогическая толерантность» и его структурные компоненты. Выявлены противоречия в процессе формирования педагогической толерантности будущих педагогов на социально-педагогическом и научно-методическом уровнях. Сущность педагогической толерантности выражается в построении социальных отношений с участниками образовательного процесса на диалогической основе и на основе понимания, признания и принятия их отличительных особенностей. Для определения уровня сформированности педагогической толерантности будущих педагогов был предложен диагностический комплекс заданий. Формирование педагогической толерантности возможно на основе интегративного подхода. Отмечено, что в условиях организации учебной деятельности студентов педагогических специальностей СПО формирование педагогической толерантности личности возможно средствами искусства, через приобщение к сокровищам мировой культуры.

The article analyzes the possibility of using modern pedagogical technologies (on the example of an integrative approach) in the process of teaching disciplines to students of pedagogical specialties of secondary vocational education in order to form pedagogical tolerance. The concepts of«tolerance», types, forms, classifications of tolerance, as well as the concept of «pedagogical tolerance» and its structural components are considered. Contradictions in the process of forming pedagogical tolerance of future teachers at the socio-pedagogical and scientific-methodological level are revealed. The essence of pedagogical tolerance is expressed in building social relations with the participants of the educational process on a dialogical basis and on the basis of understanding, recognition and acceptance of their distinctive features. To determine the level of formation of pedagogical tolerance of future teachers, a diagnostic set of tasks was proposed. The formation of pedagogical tolerance is possible on the basis of an integrative approach. It is noted that in the conditions of the organization of educational activities of students of pedagogical specialties of secondary vocational education, the formation of pedagogical tolerance of the individual is possible by means of art, through familiarization with the treasures of world culture.
TEACHING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTIES STUDENTS KINDS OF ETHNOCULTURAL DISCOURSES
Authors: Сухова Наталья Александровна
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается обучение студентов языковых факультетов следующим видам этнокультурных дискурсов немцев, австрийцев, швейцарцев, британцев, американцев и русских: научному, религиозному, институциональному и бытовому.

The article is devoted to the teaching of foreign languages faculties students the following kinds of ethnocultural discourses of Germans, Austrians, Swiss, British, Americans and Russians: scientific, religion, institutional and every day discourses
MODEL OF PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF SELF-EDUCATIONAL CULTURE FOR YOUNGER SCHOOL PERSONS
Authors: Сметанникова Юлия Игоревна
Published: April 2021

Актуализирована проблема педагогического сопровождения формирования самообразовательной культуры обучающихся в условиях начального общего образования. Представлена модель педагогического обеспечения самообразовательной культуры младших школьников, описаны методы и приемы формирования основ самообразовательной деятельности. В основу модели положен модульный принцип, позволяющий использовать ее поблочно в соответствии с индивидуальной самообразовательной траекторией младших школьников, что применимо в условиях дистанционного обучения

The article actualizes the problem of pedagogical support of the formation of self-educational culture of students in the conditions of primary general education. The model of pedagogical support of self-educational culture of junior schoolchildren is presented, methods and techniques of formation of the foundations of self-educational activity are described. The model is based on a modular principle that allows it to be used block by block in accordance with the individual self-educational trajectory of younger students, which is applicable in the conditions of distance learning.
Methodology Specific Features of Underground Water Thermomonitoring at the Bucher-1 NPP Site in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Ulyanov V. Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article presents some of the possibilities of thermometry when monitoring groundwater at the Bushehr-1 NPP. Possible sources of local anomalies of the temperature field recorded in the wells are considered. It is shown that temperature measurements allow, incl. to determine the important features of the operation of the monitoring system wells, their design characteristics, the integrity of the casing strings and the power sources of the aquifers. And in the conditions of the Bushehr-1 NPP site, which is known to be in a complex seismotectonic environment, temperature monitoring is of particular additional importance. Monitoring temperature measurements in wells provide more information about changes in the hydrogeodynamic field before tectonic events compared to traditional measurements of the liquid column level. For this reason, temperature monitoring at the Bushehr NPP site should become a part of specialized seismic monitoring aimed at the safe operation of the NPP in difficult seismotectonic conditions in the Zagros zone and the adjacent part of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.
Analysis of WWER-1000 Fuel Deformation Using the Refueling Machine Control System
Authors: Lapkis A. A. , Bezmateva A. N. , Abidova E. A.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of the geometric dimensions of fuel assemblies, whose change may lead to mashing of the cassettes in the core, is performed at this stage only after removing the fuel assemblies from the reactor. This paper considers the possibility of analyzing the mashing of WWER-1000 cassettes using the control system of the reloading machine. Based on data from an industrial experiment at the Rostov NPP, a typical distribution of friction forces over the height of the WWER-1000 reactor core is assessed.
Digital Mental Health Intervention Uptake Among Distressed New Zealand High School Students in a Comprehensive Survey: Implications for Digital Help Provision
Authors:   , Shaw Jessica
Published: April 2021

Background: High rates of mental distress are reported among adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that digital mental health interventions, such as computerised psychotherapy, informative websites, and non-clinical helplines, may help. However, it is unclear whether these resources are reaching those who experience distress in real-world settings.

Aim: The aim of this research is to explore adolescent uptake of digital mental health interventions offered via a comprehensive youth health survey, with a particular focus on adolescents experiencing probable mental distress.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Youth19 Rangatahi Smart Survey. At the end of the survey participants were provided the opportunity to opt-in to receive digital health resources. Participants’ opt-in and access to these digital health resources, as well as if they accessed the specific mental health resources, was remotely monitored. We compare opt-in and access among participants with and without probable mental distress.

Results: Of those who completed the Youth19 survey (n = 7721), a substantial minority of participants opted-in to receive the digital health resources (n = 1720). However, of those who opted-in, access was low (n = 187). Participants with probable mental distress were more likely than their non-distressed counterparts to opt-in and access the digital health resources, although these differences were small. Importantly, only seven participants went on to access digital

mental health interventions.

Discussion: The moderate number of participants to opt-in to receive Youth19 digital health resources suggests that digital resources may be a valuable component of supporting diverse groups of adolescents. The high attrition, however, indicates that adolescents may be experiencing barriers to accessing these interventions. Smart design to increase appeal, addressing barriers that limit access, and providing multiple options for different groups could

increase adolescents’ engagement with digital mental health interventions.
Stress coping strategies used by maternity nurses / Estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse utilizados por enfermeiros em maternidade / Estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés utilizadas por las enfermeras de maternidade
Authors: Silva Márcia Daiane Ferreira da , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Costa Rosana Dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos enfermeiros a fim de diminuir os fatores estressantes que os afetam diariamente. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de amostragem não probabilística com enfermeiros definitivos que trabalham a mais de um ano em uma maternidade pública no Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam: um questionário sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Estresse de Enfermagem e o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping. Resultados: maioria do sexo feminino, entre 40-50 anos, casados e com filhos. Os profissionais tinham entre 5 e 10 anos de tempo de trabalho e uma jornada de trabalho na instituição de 30 horas semanais. Os fatores que mais causaram estresse foram os intrínsecos ao trabalho e a estratégia de enfrentamento mais utilizada foi o tipo de suporte social. Conclusão: Apesar dos resultados deve-se considerar a subjetividade dos participantes deste estudo e o quanto a mesma pode interferir nas respostas e na própria percepção do estresse. O estudo contribui diretamente para os enfermeiros que atuam em ambientes hospitalares, incluindo maternidades, já que ajuda a refletir sobre o estresse e a buscar pela redução dos estressores.Descritores: Enfermagem. Saúde do Trabalhador. Estresse psicológico. Estratégias de enfrentamento.
Pathergy: implications for the treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum lesions / Patergia: implicações no tratamento das lesões do pioderma gangrenoso / Patergia: implicaciones en el tratamiento de las lesiones del Pioderma Gangrenoso
Authors: Vasconcelos Iana Cibelly Moreira de , Brandão Adriana Jorge , Cruz Janara Batista , Gois Adelice Cangussu Oliveira , Silva Grazielle Roberta Freitas da , Fernandes Amanda Delmondes de Brito Fontenele
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: relatar o tratamento tópico usado em um caso de Pioderma Gangrenoso em uma mulher de 45 anos que apresentou manifestações clínicas típicas e que obteve boa resposta ao desbridamento cirúrgico, apesar do potencial risco de patergia, bem como apresentar breve revisão da literatura sobre este diagnóstico. Metodologia: estudo do tipo relato de experiência, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa realizado na Clínica Médica de um Hospital Universitário, no período de abril a junho de 2018. Foi realizado com a autorização da paciente para utilização das suas imagens e informações. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do prontuário, avaliação direta das lesões e registros fotográficos para o acompanhamento da evolução do processo cicatricial. Resultados: constatou-se melhora significativa do processo de cicatrização após desbridamento cirúrgico permitindo, assim, a utilização de curativo com cobertura especial que não seria recomendável sem o procedimento de retirada do tecido necrótico. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstrataram que o desbridamento cirúrgico associado a terapia tópica e sitêmica permitiram uma boa evolução das lesões, embora estudos geralmente recomendem evitar esse desbridamento devido ao risco potencial de patergia.Descritores: Pioderma Gangrenoso. Desbridamento. Colite Ulcerativa.
Marijuana Use among Young Adults: Findings from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Yockey Andrew , Stryker Shanna
Published: April 2021

Marijuana is the most commonly used drug for young adults. A greater understanding of risk factors associated with recent use can inform health prevention messaging. Pooled data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were utilized among 89,446 individuals ages 18-34. Weighted logistic regression analyses, controlling for covariates, were utilized to determine conditional associations to past-30-day use. A sizeable percentage (18.5%) of individuals reported smoking marijuana in the past 30 days. Individuals who identify as African American or Multi-Racial, Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, reported their health as poor, not covered by health insurance, reported prior drug use, or who had reported any thoughts/plans of suicide were at risk for use. Of concern, high rates of alcohol (14.7%) and cocaine (1.50%) were found among users. We believe our findings can inform harm reduction efforts and policy creation.
Impulsivity and Childhood Physical Abuse Predict Past 30-day Cannabis Use Among Bisexual Women
Authors: Drohan Megan , Schulz Christina , Glatt Emily , Stamates Amy , Kelley Michelle
Published: April 2021

Previous research suggests that bisexual women’s rate of cannabis use is 2 to 7 times higher than their heterosexual peers; however, factors contributing to this are unclear. Trait impulsivity (i.e., tendency to act without forethought) and history of childhood physical abuse (CPA) are two risk factors that may be relevant for bisexual women’s cannabis use. Specifically, bisexual women indicate high levels of risk-taking and commonly report histories of CPA. While both impulsivity and CPA have been identified as predictors of cannabis use in heterosexual women, research has yet to explore these factors as predictors of cannabis use among bisexual women. Consequently, the present study examined CPA and trait impulsivity as predictors of cannabis use in a sample of bisexual women. It was hypothesized that both trait impulsivity and exposure to CPA would predict greater frequency of cannabis use. Participants were 225 bisexual women aged 22.77 years (SD = 3.45) recruited from a southeastern university and community area. Participants completed an online survey including questions about their past 30-day frequency of cannabis use (5-point scale ranging from 0 = never to 4 = daily), CPA using the Child Maltreatment Scale-physical abuse subscale, and impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-version 11. A majority of the sample reported cannabis use in the past 30 days (60.3%), with 23.2% using once or twice, 12.9% using weekly, 11.2% using almost daily, and 12.9% using daily. To account for the large number of zero values on the cannabis use score, we tested a Poisson hurdle model to evaluate the effects of CPA and impulsivity on cannabis use. Frequency of cannabis use was modeled first as a binary logistic model (0 versus any use) and then as a truncated regression model for non-zero responses. Results indicated that across all participants, greater impulsivity predicted any cannabis use in the past 30 days (p = .003), but CPA did not (p = .942). Among participants who reported past 30-day cannabis use only, CPA was associated with increased frequency of cannabis use (p = .003), and impulsivity did not predict frequency of cannabis use (p = .683). Overall, results indicated that greater trait impulsivity was associated with past 30-day cannabis use, but not frequency of cannabis use. Conversely, greater CPA exposure was not associated with whether one used cannabis in the past 30 days but instead was related to increased frequency of past 30-day cannabis use. Thus, although trait impulsivity may identify cannabis users, CPA may identify sexual minority women who are at risk for increased frequency of cannabis use. Given the potential long-term harms associated with increased cannabis use (e.g., changes in brain morphology, cognitive impairment, and respiratory issues), prevention efforts targeting bisexual women may want to consider impulsivity and CPA.
Marijuana Use Grid: A Brief, Comprehensive Measure of Marijuana Use
Authors: Chavez Jude , Pearson Matthew
Published: April 2021

The present study introduces a brief, yet comprehensive retrospective self-report measure of frequency and quantity of marijuana use: the Marijuana Use Grid (MUG). Using two large samples of college student marijuana users recruited from several universities throughout the United States, we characterized how various indicators of marijuana use frequency and quantity relate to consequences and symptoms of cannabis use disorder (CUD), and whether marijuana use frequency and quantity as assessed by the MUG predict outcomes above and beyond the effect(s) of a simple measure of marijuana use frequency. Typical frequency and quantity estimates from the MUG interacted to predict marijuana-related outcomes. The MUG has shown utility in its association with important outcomes and given its brief nature, the MUG can easily be integrated in future marijuana studies. Additional work is needed to examine the predictive utility of the MUG in the context of other marijuana-related assessments.
Do Cannabis Use Motives Mediate the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Cannabis Craving to Trauma Cues?
Authors: Farrelly Kyra , Romero-Sanchiz Pablo , Mahu Ioan , Barrett Sean , Collins Pamela , Rasic Daniel , Stewart Sherry
Published: April 2021

Cannabis use is common in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD-cannabis relationship is important as cannabis use can worsen PTSD outcomes. Cannabis use motives are a useful construct for understanding the PTSD-cannabis relationship. Frequent pairing of a trauma cue with substance use to cope can lead to conditioned substance craving. The extant research has not yet examined potential mechanisms to explain this effect. We recruited 51 cannabis users with a trauma history for a cannabis cue-reactivity study to examine coping motives as a potential mediator of the hypothesized relationship between PTSD symptoms and cannabis craving to trauma cues. Participants first completed a validated cannabis use motives measure. They were then exposed to a personalized audio and visual cue based on their trauma experience and reported on their cannabis craving immediately following using a standardized measure. Coping motives were contrasted with enhancement motives as the mediator. Results supported our first hypothesis: PTSD symptoms were associated with increased cannabis craving following personal trauma cue exposure. However, our second hypothesis of an indirect effect through coping motives was not supported. We did find an independent main effect of coping motives on cannabis craving triggered by trauma cue exposure. The lack of an interaction between PTSD symptoms and coping motives on trauma-cue induced craving is potentially due to other factors we did not examine that help strengthen the relationship (e.g., sleep). These findings have important clinical implications for targeting both PTSD symptoms and coping motives to prevent the development of conditioned cannabis craving to trauma reminders.
Participation in the Massachusetts Adult-Use Cannabis Industry by Race/Ethnicity and Gender Across Job Titles
Authors: Doonan Samantha , Johnson Julie
Published: April 2021

States across the U.S. are increasingly legalizing cannabis for recreational purposes (“adult-use”) through licensure of privately-run cannabis establishments. Legalization efforts have partially emerged in response to unequal prohibition enforcement which disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic/Latino communities. However, the extent to which people from communities most affected by prohibition are included in the legal industry is unknown. This study is a preliminary analysis of participation by race/ethnicity and gender across job titles in the Massachusetts adult-use cannabis industry from its inception through April 2020 (18-month time span). Data were extracted from cannabis establishments (i.e., licensed adult-use cannabis businesses that collectively form the cannabis industry in Massachusetts). Agent registration forms are required for board members, directors, executives, managers, employees, and volunteers across all license types (e.g. retail, cultivation, product manufacturing). As of April 2020, there were 4,907 unique agents (volunteers excluded) across 205 cannabis establishment licenses. Among agents, 77% were White, 9% were Hispanic/Latino, and 6% were Black/African American, <3% identified other racial and ethnic groups, and data were missing for approximately 6% of the sample (exceeds 100%, as persons can be included in more than one race/ethnicity). Excluding agents with missing race/ethnicity or gender (n=347) and grouping persons at two-levels: (1) white or not-white identifying, and (2) male or female, we found 53% of agents were white and male, 29% were white and female, 12% were an ethnicity and/or race(s) that did not include white (“non-white”) and male, and 5% were non-white and female. Approximately 8% of agents held senior-level positions (i.e., board members, directors, executives) versus less senior positions (i.e., employees, managers). However, white males held 72% of senior positions, white females held 17%, non-white males held 9%, and non-white females held 1%. This study is subject to limitations, including that persons who identified as white and another race(s) (n=103) are included in white-identifying categories; future work will address this limitation. Further, all data is typically reported by supervisors rather than self-reported, therefore race/ethnicity and gender are subject to misidentification. Nonetheless, findings suggest that at approximately one and a half years after retail stores opened, participation in the Massachusetts adult-use cannabis industry skews white and male, and this trend is pronounced in senior-level positions.
Why Young Adults Obtain a Medical Marijuana Card: Associations with Health Symptoms, Risk, and Heaviness of Use
Authors: Hummer Justin , Seelam Rachana , Pedersen Eric , Tucker Joan , D'Amico Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Objective. Prior studies documenting more frequent and problematic use among young adults who have acquired medical marijuana (MM) cards have broadly compared those who use medically to those who use recreationally. Gaining a better picture of how health symptoms and problematic use vary both within those who have a MM card for specific condition domains and between those who do not have a MM card, can provide key information for medical practitioners and states interested in adopting or updating MM policies. Method. The current study categorizes young adults authorized to use MM into four mutually exclusive groups based on endorsements of qualifying conditions: (1) Physical Health only; (2) Mental Health only; (3) Sleep only; and (4) Multiple Conditions. Analysis of covariance examined differences across marijuana use, problems, mental and physical health, and sleep for MM condition categories, and for those that only use marijuana recreationally. Results. MM card holders, particularly those with physical health or multiple health conditions, reported heavier, more frequent, and more problematic and risky marijuana use compared to those using recreationally. Despite this pattern, those in different MM condition categories were generally not found to be more symptomatic in domains of functioning relevant to their respective conditions, compared to different category groups or to those using recreationally. Conclusions. Findings emphasize the importance of providers conducting a careful assessment of reasons for needing a card, along with use, to reduce potential harms while adding credibility to a medical movement with genuine promise of relief for many medical conditions.
Reasons for Marijuana Use and Its Perceived Effectiveness in Therapeutic and Recreational Marijuana Users Among People Living with HIV in Florida
Authors: Sajdeya Ruba , Joseph Verlin , Setten Nichole , Ibañez Gladys , Wang Yan , Powell Lauren , Somboonwit Charurut , Corsi Karen , Cook Robert
Published: April 2021

Therapeutic and recreational marijuana use are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the distinction between perceived "therapeutic" and "recreational" use is blurred, with little information about the specific reasons for use and perceived marijuana effectiveness in adults with chronic conditions. We aimed to compare reasons for use and reason-specific perceived marijuana effectiveness between therapeutic and recreational users among PLWH. In 2018-2019, 213 PLWH currently using marijuana (mean age 48 years, 59% male, 69% African American) completed a questionnaire assessing their specific reasons for using marijuana, including the "main reason." Participants were categorized into one of three motivation groups: therapeutic, recreational, or both equally. For each specific reason, participants rated marijuana effectiveness as 0-10, with 10 being the most effective. The mean effectiveness scores were compared across the three motivation groups via ANOVA, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The most frequent main reasons for marijuana use in the therapeutic (n=63, 37%), recreational (n=48, 28%), and both equally (n=59, 35%) categories were "Pain" (21%), "To get high" (32%), and "To relax" (20%), respectively. Compared to recreational users, therapeutic and both equally users provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "Pain," and "To reduce anger." The "Both equally" group also provided significantly higher mean effectiveness scores for "To feel better in general," "To get high," and "To relax" compared to the other two categories. There is a significant overlap in self-reported reasons for marijuana use in primarily therapeutic or recreational users. Perceived marijuana effectiveness was lowest among recreational users.
State Medical Marijuana Laws and Initiation of Cigarettes among Adolescents in the U.S., 1991-2015
Authors: Das Abhery , Johnson Julie , Hard Gregory , Jones Abenaa
Published: April 2021

Objective. Although cigarette use has declined among adolescents, marijuana use has increased in subgroups of this population. The association between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and cigarette initiation among adolescents, however, needs further examination. We investigated the association between MMLs and age of cigarette initiation and stratified findings by gender, race/ethnicity, and state dispensary status. Method. Data were from N=939,725 adolescents in 9th-12th grade living in 46 states who participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System between 1991-2015. Participants were asked the age they first smoked a cigarette and other sociodemographic characteristics. States were categorized as MML states if they had legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes by 2015. We used a difference-in-difference methodology and logistic regressions to assess the relationship between MMLs and cigarette initiation. Results. Our results indicate lower odds of initiating cigarettes, in every age group (8 years old or younger, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14, 15-16, 17 years old or older) in states with MMLs when compared to non-MML states. After stratification, we find lower odds of cigarette initiation in certain age groups by gender, race/ethnicity, and state dispensary status. We report no difference in state MML implementation and age of cigarette initiation among Hispanic adolescents in every age group, and Black adolescents 8 years or younger and 17 years or older. Conclusions. Cigarette initiation has decreased among adolescents in MML states compared with those in non-MML states. Further research should evaluate how MMLs and recreational marijuana policies are associated with e-cigarette initiation and use.
Культуротворческая роль канона в художественной системе Максима Богдановича
Authors: Максимович Валерий Александрович
Published: April 2021

В статье исследуется культуротворческая роль и значение канона, определяется функция и значение коммуникативно-диалоговых стратегий в художественной системе классика белорусской литературы Максима Богдановича. Обращаясь к каноническим образцам, поэт культивировал идею о едином культурном пространстве как закономерном итоге культурно-исторического развития.
Фильм «Кроткая» Сергея Лозницы: противоречия интерпретации и рецепции
Authors: Падсасонны Сяргей Аляксандравiч
Published: April 2021

В статье произведен сопоставительный анализ кинокартины Кроткая Сергея Лозницы с одноименным рассказом Ф.М. Достоевского. Прослежена сюжетносмысловая связь, типологические параллели и метафизическое единство. Отмечен контекст выстраивания «мира-тюрьмы», в котором пребывают героини произведения и ленты. Обращено внимание на возможность нового прочтения текста Достоевского, а также понимания особенностей поэтики писателя. Статья отражает комплексный взгляд на пересечение различных видов искусства.
Niemiecka i sowiecka okupacja ziem Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (1939–1941). Refleksje na marginesie dyskusji dotyczących prób porównania polityki okupantów
Authors: Waingertner Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Tekst zawiera próbę refleksji, sformułowanej na marginesie dyskusji prowadzonej w środowisku polskich historyków, publicystów i polityków (obecnej także na arenie międzynarodowej w postaci kontrowersji pomiędzy współczesną polską i rosyjską polityką historyczną), a wynikającej z prób porównywania niemieckiej i sowieckiej okupacji ziem polskich w latach 1939–1941. Część jej uczestników odmawia zestawiania rzeczywistości obu okupacji, argumentując, że nie pozwala na to wyjątkowy stopień opresyjności polityki niemieckiej wobec Polaków, związany ze strategią ich fizycznej, biologicznej eksterminacji. Niektórzy wskazują na masowy charakter represji sowieckich w latach okupacji 1939–1941, mający przewyższać zasięgiem ówczesne działania Niemców. Inni badacze dokonują porównania obu okupacji, dostrzegając zarówno podobieństwa (dążenie do trwałej likwidacji polskiej państwowości i narodu polskiego jako wspólnoty politycznej, eksterminacja elit, terror, praca przymusowa, deportacje do obozów koncentracyjnych i łagrów), jak i różnice w ich charakterze (niemiecki dogmat konieczności biologicznej likwidacji narodu polskiego, sowieckie dążenia do połączenia wybiórczej eksterminacji fizycznej z masową indoktrynacją).
Some features of linear scanning of the chemical composition of mineral aggregates using LA-ICP-MS: the modes and limits of the method
Authors: Khvostikov V. A. , Kuptsov S. N. , Petrov T. G. , Sokolov Pavel B.
Published: April 2021

A routine linear and 2D scanning procedure using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) is often used when studying the composition of zonal and polyphase solid objects (crystals, rocks, alloys, etc.). However, the proper interpretation of the data necessitates taking into account the features inherent to the procedure. One of the most important features of the results obtained for the objects contrasting in composition is the asymmetry of the concentration profile of elements when going from high to low and, to a lesser extent, when going from low to high contents. Physical processes accompanying the analysis of rocks with the aforementioned features are considered. The duration of the time of signal distortion upon change of one crystal phase to another at large differences in the content of elements is estimated. To obtain the correct data for linear and 2D scanning using LA-ICP-MS, the scanning should be performed point by point: to avoid the influence of crater effects, points should be spaced 1.5 – 2.0 laser beam diameter apart. The goal of obtaining of reliable results requires also keeping the time intervals between measurements of at least 2 – 5 sec.
Determination of the wetting angle using gas bubble method
Authors: Patrakov Yu. F. , Semenova S. A.
Published: April 2021

Most of the technological processes of coal mining and primary processing (transportation, crushing, and enrichment) depend on the physical and chemical properties of the external surface of coal particles. When determining the wetting angle — the wettability characteristics of the coal surface — the method of preparing the working surface of the sample and the choice of the measurement procedure (a drop of liquid on a solid surface or fixing a gas bubble on the surface of coal placed in water) are of great importance. We present the results of determining the contact angle of wetting using an air bubble. The working surface was prepared by briquetting a powdered sample. Scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction analysis of the particle size distribution were used for surface characterization and fractional analysis of carbon particles. It is shown that the contact angle of wetting depends on the particle size, mineral composition of coal, and pressing pressure. At the same time, when determining the wetting angle, the optimal particle size and pressing pressure of the briquette are <100 μm and ~500 MPa, respectively. The obtained results can be used to improve technologies for mining, conversion and dressing of coals.