bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of Zadie Smith’s Individual Style in Original Text and Translation
Authors: Kurakina Natalia A. , Korneva Regina G.
Published: September 2023

Author’s individual style and its preservation in translation are a relevant issue of translation practices. This research is the first attempt in domestic linguistics to study Zadie Smith’s individual style and its manifestation in translation based on M. Yu. Mukhin’s analysis model. The methodology involved the methods of semantic interpretation, comparative analysis, content analysis, quantitative calculations, and linguistic analysis based on the conceptual profile model. The study featured Z. Smith's novel On Beauty and its translation performed by O. Kachanova and A. Vlasova. The analysis revealed the most frequent linguistic and stylistic means and denotative spheres and classes, e.g., such lexical means as simile, interjection, metaphor, allusion, and lexical repetition; various phonographic means, e.g., capitalization, graphic imagery, excessive punctuation, and graphon used to portray a wide variety of accents, etc. The official Russian edition conveyed the actual meaning and the lexical speech portraits by an effective use of various translation transformations, e.g., word order, lexical substitution, compensation, etc. In most cases, literal translation proved to be appropriate as it preserved the metagraphemic of the original text. However, the graphic fixation of the characters’ speech not always found its reflection in the translation text.
Structural Elements of Political News Texts and Comments from Children Target Group
Authors: Vdovichenko Elizaveta A. , Kameneva Veronika A. , Zhdanova Svetlana Yu.
Published: September 2023

Modern online media offer online news magazines with commenting options for children from 8 to 12 years old. This paper features children's comments in their relation to the structure of a French-language political news text designed as Inverted pyramid. Children's comments to political news aimed at their age group are a new and unexplored scientific object. The research relied on the concept of cognitive constructivism of moral consciousness and involved such methods as content and intent analyses. Children proved to be active readers of political news: they expressed their opinions on the information presented in such structural elements as Lead, Body, Background, and Tail. The greatest response was triggered by Background, which narrates the facts that influenced the news event. Children usually reacted to information about victims of political events, political protesters, descriptions of life situations they can associate with, and events of global significance.
Experimental study on non-Darcian flow through a single artificial fracture for different fracture apertures and surface roughness
Authors: Pandey Snigdha , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2023

This study aims to explore the influence of various geometrical and hydraulic parameters on flow behavior and hydraulic conductivity in a single artificial fracture through a series of laboratory experiments. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine unconfined groundwater flow through an artificially constructed single fracture. The fracture model consisted of varying aperture sizes (3, 9, and 12 mm) and different surface roughness conditions (fine, medium, and coarse sand coatings). Non-Darcian turbulent flow characteristics were observed at different flow rates, and the gradient of Reynolds number versus average flow velocity increased with aperture size. Flow parameters of the Darcian, Izbash, and Forchheimer models were calculated to characterize the flow behavior. Both the Forchheimer and Izbash models were found suitable for describing the non-Darcian flow characteristics under the prevailing conditions. The study revealed that hydraulic conductivity depended on flow length for fractures with different apertures and surface roughnesses, likely due to the presence of 2-D torturous flow within the rough fracture surface. These findings contribute to a better understanding of groundwater flow in fractured rock aquifers and provide valuable insights for modeling and managing such systems.
USO DOS RECURSOS TECNOLÓGICOS NAS AULAS DE GEOGRAFIA NAS ESCOLAS ESTADUAIS CIDADÃS INTEGRAIS PROF. CELESTIN MALZAC E PROF. OLÍVIO PINTO EM JOÃO PESSOA/PB
Authors: Silvestre dos Santos Igor , Meira Garcia Tânia Cristina , Martinho dos Santos Sobrinho Djanni , Meira Garcia Túlia Fernanda
Published: September 2023

O artigo discute a influência das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, com foco nas aulas de geografia nas Escolas Estaduais Cidadãs Integrais Prof. Celestin Malzac e Prof. Olívio Pinto, em João Pessoa/PB. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os recursos tecnológicos utilizados nas aulas de geografia no recorte espacial apresentado. Foram realizados a discussão teórica sobre recursos tecnológicos, a caracterização do bairro pesquisado no qual as escolas estão situadas, e, por fim, uma análise dos resultados da pesquisa feita com os professores que atuam nas respectivas escolas do bairro investigado. O resultado obtido da investigação foi de que a maior parte dos professores utilizam com frequência recursos tecnológicos em suas aulas e que seus maiores desafios quanto a esses é o acesso à Internet. Mas, todos concluem que ao utilizarem os recursos tecnológicos percebem que suas aulas possuem uma melhor qualidade de ensino. Logo, é perceptível que os recursos tecnológicos são uma linguagem contemporânea e significativa no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes em sua formação cidadã.
CLINICAL EXPERTISE APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF CARDIAC RHYTHM DISORDERS IN FLYING PERSONNEL OF THE STATE AVIATION
Authors:   Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Voronkov Yu.I. , Vovkodav V.S. ,   Medical Flight Examination Center SFSI «The Main Center of Military-Medical Examination» of the Ministry  of Defense of Russia, Moscow, Nagovitsin A.V. ,   Clinical Hospital № 1 (Volynskaya) Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Musaeva R.N. ,   Research and Testing center (Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics) of The Central Research Institute  of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Godilo-Godlevsky V.А. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
Published: September 2023

The paper is devoted to validation of approaches to evaluation of cardiac rhythm disorders in flying personnel adequate to the present clinical medicine standards and criteria used in medical certification of state aviation pilots. We compared a number of classification criteria in context of their adequacy to the needs of the pilot medical certification community. Clinical classification criteria do not meet in full the requirements of aviation medicine certification. We suggest that cardiac rhythms disorders should be graded with consideration of pilot's functionality.
Recent Synthetic and Biological Advances in Anti-Cancer Ferrocene-Analogues and Hybrids
Authors: Mehra Vishu , Lumb Isha
Published: September 2023

Cancer is among the most severe risks to the global human population. The enduring crisis of drug-resistant cancer and the limited selectivity of anticancer drugs are significant roadblocks to its control and eradication, requiring the identification of new anticancer entities. The stable aromatic nature, reversible redox properties, and low toxicity of ferrocene revolutionized medicinal organometallic chemistry, providing us with bioferrocene compounds with excellent antiproliferative potential, which has been the focus of persistent efforts in recent years. Substituting the aryl/heteroaryl core for ferrocene in an organic molecule alters its molecular characteristics, including solubility, hydro-/lipophilicity, as well as bioactivities. Ferrocifen (ferrocene analogues of hydroxytamoxifen) has shown antiproliferative potential in both hormone-dependent (MCF-7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. It is now in pre-clinical trials against malignancies. These entities operate through various targets, some of which have been revealed and activated in response to product concentrations. They also react to the cancer cells by diverse mechanisms that can work in concert or in isolation, depending on signaling pathways that promote senescence or death. The behavior of ferrocene-containing hybrids with a range of anticancer targets is explained in this chapter.
Ionic Liquids as Solvents and/or Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Khokhar Vaishali , Trivedi Shruti , Juneja Shreya , Komal Bentham Science Publisher , Pandey Siddharth , Rao Gyandshwar K. , Behera Kamalakanta , Nayan Sharma Kamal
Published: September 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) are receiving increased enticement from synthetic organic chemists; world-wide due to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. The wide-ranging applications of ionic liquids as solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis are mainly due to their non-volatile nature which arises from very low vapor pressures. Since the past few decades, researchers have explored the efficacy of these designer solvents as green substitutes of toxic and volatile organic solvents for a variety of value added synthetic organic reactions. Furthermore, the tremendous potential of ILs as catalysts is also worth mentioning. Unlike organic solvents of comparable polarity, they often act as catalysts in various organic reactions. Thus, the present chapter aims at observing and exploring the application of ionic liquids as solvents and catalysts in various synthetic organic reactions. The green chemistry aspects of the solvent as well as the catalytic use of ionic liquids in order to develop environmentally benign organic synthesis is also the focus of discussion in this chapter.
Superhydrophobic Polymeric Nanocomposites Coatings for Effective Corrosion Protection
Authors: Higazy Shimaa A. , El-Azabawy Olfat E. , Selim Mohamed S.
Published: September 2023

The contemporary era of studying superhydrophobic surfaces began in 1997, when Neinhuis and Barthlott discovered the self-cleaning qualities of the lotus effect. Corrosion of steel represents an important industrial issue with well-known negative economic and environmental consequences. The protection of steel objects during service operations is an inexhaustible research subject because of the steel's high demand in the industry. Anticorrosive coatings have aided in extending the life of the material without impairing its bulk qualities. The microporous structure of polymers allows corrosive ions to pass at the coating–metal interface, resulting in poor serviceability. Advanced structural modifications, such as polymeric nanocomposites, have been used to solve these disadvantages. Organic-inorganic nanocomposites are employed as outstanding anti-corrosive coatings to provide steel constructions' service longevity. Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings tend to be one of the most promising methods for avoiding corrosion in steel. Various nanostructured fillers have the ability to significantly improve the corrosion-barrier efficiency of polymeric coatings. Superhydrophobicity in nature will be briefly addressed to provide a comprehensive study. This chapter focuses on introducing the anticorrosive properties of superhydrophobic coatings. It gives an overview of present and advanced research developments, such as graphene nanocomposite surfaces.
Extraction Techniques in Green Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Fabián Pighin Andres , Natalia Rigacci Laura , Camilli Emiliano , Chirillano Ana Clara , Ángel Cufré Juan , Emilia Villanueva María
Published: September 2023

Analytical chemistry determinations are not exempted from generating
environmental contamination. A variety of strategies are now being proposed to reduce
the impact on the environment caused by the different stages of the analytical process.
These strategies can focus on the different stages of the analysis, ranging from sample
collection and preparation to the acquisition and processing of analytical signals.
Sample preparation constitutes a basic and crucial stage in the success of any analytical
method and extraction is one of the most chosen techniques. Extractions often involve
the use of a large amount of harmful solvents that may damage the health of the
operator and the environment, into which these solvents are disposed of, often without
treatment. Therefore, new techniques have been applied in order to reduce the impact
of this procedure, also focusing on lowering the costs and complexity, always taking
into account the quality of the procedures. Current trends in green analytical chemistry
are directed towards simplification, miniaturization, and automation, also involving the
use of solvent-free, environmentally friendly procedures and, at the same time,
maintaining acceptable extraction efficiencies in a short time.
In this chapter, the fundamentals and technological advances in green extraction
systems will be presented. Through representative examples of different compounds in
different matrices, the advantages and limitations of different procedures will be
presented, including ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized solvent extraction,
microwave-assisted extraction, single drop liquid-liquid extraction, headspace
extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow-fiber liquid-phase
microextraction, micro-solid phase extraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction and stir-cake
sorptive extraction
A Comprehensive Study and Analysis on Prediction of Rainfall Across Multiple Countries using Machine Learning
Authors: Kumar Reddy C. Kishor , Anisha P.R. , Gia Nhu Nguyen
Published: September 2023

Rainfall is one of the most considerable natural occurrences, which is
important for both human beings and living beings. Since the environment is changing
and there is a huge change in weather, it is noted that the rainfall cycles are also
varying and the earth’s temperature is increasing day-by-day. The changes in weather
conditions like humidity, pressure, wind speed, dew point and temperature affect the
agriculture, industry, production, and construction and also lead to floods and land-slides. Hence it is one of the important factors to be noted for human beings to keep
track of the natural occurrences in order to survive. In order to overcome these issues, a
system is required which is able to forecast and predict the rainfall using statistical
techniques which is the most popular tool in modern technology. This paper provides a
detailed survey and comparative analysis of various methodologies used in the
prediction of rainfall over multiple countries. Comparison is made in terms of various
performance measures: accuracy, precision, recall, RMSE, specificity, sensitivity,
MAE, F-Measure, ROC and RAE. Further, the drawbacks with existing approaches
applied so far in the prediction are discussed.
Machine Learning based Smart Electricity Monitoring & Fault Detection for Smart City 4.0 Ecosystem
Authors: Mondal Subhash , Banerjee Suharta , Ghosh Sugata , Dasgupta Adrija , Sengupta Diganta
Published: September 2023

Growing electricity needs among the vast majority of the population
seconded by a voluminous increase in electrical appliances have led to a huge surge in
electric power demands. With thediminishing unit price of electric meters and increase
of loading, it has been observed that a certain amount of electric meters generate faulty
readings after exhaustive usage. This results in erroneous meter readings thereby
affecting the billings. We propose a fault detecting learning algorithm that is trained by
early meter readings and compares the actual meter reading (AMR) with the predicted
meter reading (PMR). The decision matrix generates an alarm if |PMR-AMR|>T;
where T equals the threshold limit. T itself is decided by the learning algorithm
depending upon the meter variance. Moreover, our system also detects if there is any
power theft as such an action would result in a sudden rise in AMR. The learning
algorithm deploys six binary classifiers which reflect an accuracy of 98.24% for the
detection module and an error rate of 1.26% for the prediction module.
Deep Learning Techniques for Biomedical Research and Significant Gene Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Data: - A Review
Authors: Swapnesh Kumar Nayak Debasish , Das Jayashankar , Swarnkar Tripti
Published: September 2023

 In the biomedical research areas of whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis,
disease diagnosis, and medication discovery, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data
are the most recent and popular trend. The use of NGS data has improved the analysis
of infectious diseases, WGS, illness identification, and medication discovery. Although
the amount of NGS data is massive, researchers have worked and are continuously
working to improve its quality and precision. Modern computational techniques
increase the biological value of NGS data processing, making it more accessible to
biomedical researchers. Although the complexity of NGS and the required
computational power to analyse the data pose a significant threat to researchers, the
introduction of various branches of Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as Machine
Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) has given analysis, prediction, and diagnosis a
new direction. Deep Learning's potential has been demonstrated in a variety of fields,
including biomedical research, where it has outperformed traditional methods. The
development of deep learning algorithms aids in the analysis of complicated datasets
such as NGS by giving a variety of advanced computational methodologies. Different
DL approaches are designed to manage enormous datasets and multiple jobs, and the
genetic research business could be the next industry to benefit from DL. This paper
discusses a variety of DL methods and tools for analysing NGS data in the fields of
contagious diseases, WGS analysis, disease diagnosis, and drug design.
Micellar Catalyst
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh K. , Kandpal Neha , Nagwanshi Rekha , Ghosh Kallol K , Satnami Manmohan L.
Published: September 2023

Self-aggregates microenvironment affords a robust platform for synthesizing conventional and novel materials in aqueous media. Consequential enhanced the rate of reaction and reduced the barrier for organic solvents. A solvent is frequently asked to perform multiple tasks at once, such as ensuring contacts between substrates with different polarities, controlling heat transmission, and promoting the interaction that results in the ultimate transformation. Nature has chosen water as a solvent to carry out all types of chemical transformations, regardless of whether the substrates are soluble or not. Of course, surfactants resolve the various problems that arise from the interaction of insoluble substrates and reagents. The use of surfactants under micellar conditions represents one of the largest methods to achieve catalysis in water. To date, micellar systems are present in many areas, e.g., medical science, nanoscience, organochemistry and industries of their vast application. We explained the role of micelles and vesicles on the reactivity of nucleophiles towards the cleavage of the organophosphorus compounds. Recent developments include application of micellar catalysis to complex single-phase and multiphase systems in which the surfactant plays multiple roles and interphase transport effects are often important. The distribution of the reagents between the aqueous phase and the micellar phase was described in terms of a simple pseudo-phase model (PPM). These quantitative treatments for the catalytic action of anionic reactants and the cationic micelles for cleaving the phosphate and thiophosphate ester improved an understanding of competitive counterion binding, the effects of reactive and inert solubilizates, functionalized surfactants, and the use of surfactant aggregates as reaction templates.
Nanomagnetic Oxide: A Versatile Green Catalyst
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Sharma Bhaskar , Shrivastava Arti Kumar , Singh Chandni
Published: September 2023

 In recent years, attempts to follow green protocol in organic synthesis have emerged along with the use of green solvent, solvent-free reaction conditions, the concept of multicomponent reactions and use of green catalysts. Fe3O4 is an oxide of iron called magnetite mineral; it is a ferromagnetic and strongly magnetic mineral on earth. It was the first mineral structure that was applied in X-ray. It is found that the nanomagnetic oxide shows an inverse spinel structure. Its unique properties, such as high Curie temperature, high spin polarization, and verwey transition, gains attention towards it. Nano-magnetic oxide is employed as a green catalyst. It can be synthesized by physical methods, microbial methods and wet chemical preparation methods. It demonstrates excellent catalysis in organic synthesis that gives a good yield; it enjoys an advantage over other catalysts as it is easily separable from the reaction mixtures using a bar magnet, and it is green & eco-friendly. It also shows wide applications in various fields, such as water treatment, biodiesel production, lithium-ion battery, and the biomedical field.
Children’s Views About A School based on Developmental Psychology
Authors: Synodi Evanthia
Published: September 2023

The data from the session in which children discussed the plan for a school
based on developmental psychology are presented here. Children in both countries
referred to aspects of provision and practice relating to children’s right to education,
play and participation. However, only children in Scotland talked about whether
children should wear a uniform at school or not, raising the question of discrimination
(article 2) and freedom of expression (article 13). Similarly, only children in Greece
mentioned their fear for lack of protection from a hedge (article 19) around the
schoolyard. When it comes to the social environment of the school, children in
Scotland appreciated article 12 and children’s right to be consulted and their views to
be taken seriously according to their age and maturity a lot more than children in
Greece.
IoE in Smart Cities: Applications, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Future Trends
Authors: Garg Ankit , Wadha Amit , Alzubi Jafar A.
Published: September 2023

The innovative concept of smart cities drives economic growth and provides
a standard of life through better services to the citizens. The incorporation of advanced
technologies in smart cities projects smart outcomes that can be provided to the
citizens. In the growth of smart cities, various public sectors, such as education, health
care, and communication are adopting recent technologies such as IoE, Cloud/Fog
computing, and Big data. These existing technologies integrate various IoE-based
networks to manage various activities of smart cities. Many smart city projects are
being implemented in different countries. Although various challenges are being faced,
still, recent technologies are extensively being deployed in various projects of smart
cities. To provide solutions to smart cities many standards have been implemented
globally. These standards provide various solutions and concrete guidelines for the
proper functioning of smart cities. The concept of smart cities is also facing some
challenges in their planning, design, and implementation. Security and privacy of the
IoE systems is one of the major challenges faced in the projects of smart cities. The
main objectives of smart cities are to provide smart solutions to humans for their daily
life problems and to create a sustainable environment. Researchers are developing
various models of smart cities that can be implemented in real life to support the
sustainable development of smart cities. This chapter explores numerous IoE
applications which are also concerned with smart cities. The chapter discusses existing
technologies that have a great contribution to the development of various prominent
areas of smart cities. The chapter identifies and categorizes several challenges that are
being faced by the stakeholders and officials in the construction of smart cities. At the
end of the chapter, some research directions have also been discussed that can be
helpful in the implementation of IoE-based applications and their deployment in smart
cities.
Smart Cities Emergence with Artificial Intelligence- Natural Language Processing
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Solanki Arun , Paul Anand
Published: September 2023

In this digital world integrating smart city concepts, a smart city is a
technically advanced metropolitan region that collects data using various electronic
technologies, voice recognition methods, and sensor devices. It would not be wrong to
say that this smart city is based on the Internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence
(AI). The IoT and AI are closely related. IoT systems generate big data, and data is at
the heart of AI and machine learning. Simultaneously, as the number of linked devices
and sensors expands, the importance of smart technologies is also growing faster in this
domain. These technologies enable contextual understanding and allow smart devices
to solve our problems. Today, the applications of computational intelligence in IoT
products and smart devices used in smart cities vary. AI can be leveraged to drive
efficiency and improve human living quality for the smart cities of tomorrow. NLP
gives the powers to AI tools that recognize and respond in natural Language. This
chapter focused on a definite area of AI called Natural Language Processing, which
helps and enhances human living in smart cities. There are many use cases where this
AI technology makes sense for smart cities. Computerized healthcare services assist
policymakers in implementing smart cities in becoming brighter, using opinion mining
and permission to remodel a house. These use cases are achieved and discuss various
applications, scopes, techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and future scope of NLP
of AI in Smart Cities.
Occurrence and Source of Microplastic in the Environment
Authors: Kaur Sarabjeet , Dhiman Monita
Published: September 2023

Microplastics are ubiquitous on the earth, even in the purest environments
like arctic snow, inaccessible mountains, via. Microplastics may be disseminated via
air fallout near metropolitan areas, however, the great bulk of data points to water as
the primary distribution channel. Researchers have discovered that surface and
groundwater are also polluted by microplastics, despite maximum research focusing on
marine pollution. The international community visualizes a decline in the concentration
of floating plastic waste as an essential step toward the long-term sustainability of the seas.
However, there is presently no universally acknowledged indicator of floating plastics
trash density. Ultimately, a significant portion of the present microplastic proliferation
has been attributed to wastewater, which is frequently not efficiently treated to
eliminate such tiny, hydrophobic pollutants. Previously treated wastewater is
discharged into water bodies, which in turn feed natural water reserves. Microplastics
are also dispersed into the soil and terrestrial ecosystems by certain communities that
irrigate their crops with wastewater. A further problem is that micro plastic-rich sludge
from wastewater facilities is used as a fertilizer for food crops. It is crucial to keep an
eye out for new developments in bioplastics and biodegradable polymers that avoid the
build-up of microplastics in the food and agriculture industries.
Impact of Microplastics on Flora and Fauna
Authors: Mushtaq Reshi Quseen , Ahmed Imtiaz , Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Fazio Francesco
Published: September 2023

Microplastics are the compound class of greatly altered, synthetic
particulates, which pollute wide-ranging types of environments. Being an impending
source of concern owing to wide variability in their size range makes them potentially
dangerous at all trophic levels. Numerous studies have studied the harmful effects of
microplastics on the biota. The present study aims to compile information about the
effect of microplastics on various species belonging to different taxonomic groups as
reported from different parts of the world based on which, a general overview has been
generated which clearly emphasizes that substantial efforts are required to deeply
investigate the abundance, distribution and effects of microplastics on the flora and
fauna of both terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystems. However, the influence of
microplastic contamination on human health and plants has received less intention. The
knowledge derived from various studies clearly indicates that in order to safeguard our
environment from the deteriorating effects of microplastics, we need to thoroughly
control the amount of plastic production. Moreover, stress should be laid to make more
use of bio-degradable products so as to minimize the demand for these plastic
materials. Also, there is a dire need to aware the masses about the harmful effects of
microplastics and the adoption of such policies at the global level which formulate a
strong action plan for solid waste management so as to alleviate microplastic pollution,
which otherwise could threaten ecological balance as well as harm the health and
survival of various species.
Removal of Microplastic Contaminants from Aquatic Environment
Authors: Kaur Kuljit , Kaur Harpreet
Published: September 2023

Microplastics (MPs) contamination has recently been recognized as a
serious global concern for global food security and modern society's well-being due to
its widespread presence in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. According to a
growing number of reports, micro- and nanosized plastic components have been
discovered in nearly every part of the world, from the bottom of the ocean to the
mountain top. Microplastics have become prevalent in the environment due to the
gradual disposal of plastic waste, a lack of conventional detection processes with
particular removal techniques, and a slow disposal rate. By adsorbing various heavy
metals, pathogens, and other chemical additives frequently utilised in the production of
raw plastic, microplastics have been shown to work as potential vectors. At the tertiary
level of the food chain, microplastics are consumed by marine organisms such as fish
and crustaceans, and then by humans. This phenomenon is responsible for clogging
digestive systems, disrupting digestion, and ultimately reducing the reproductive
growth of entire living species. As a result of these repercussions, microplastics have
become a growing concern as a new possible risk, demanding the management of
microplastics in aquatic media. This review chapter gives a comprehensive overview of
existing and newly developed technologies for detecting and removing microplastics
from aquatic environments in order to minimise the ultimate possible impact on aquatic
habitats.
Challenges to the Analysis of Microplastic Pollution from the Environment
Authors: Naqash Nafiaah , Singh Rahul
Published: September 2023

 A growing interest in microplastic pollution in the environment demands
simple, inexpensive, comparable, and robust methods for microplastic (MP) analysis. A
wide range of methodologies for sampling, sample preparation, and MP analysis are in
use. This chapter discusses the most common detection methods, as well as sampling
strategies and sample preparation methods along with a special emphasis on
challenges. The spectroscopic methods require time-consuming sample preparation and
measurement durations, whereas thermo-analytical methods are faster but lack the
ability to determine sample size distribution. Many articles concerning the quality and
quantity of MPs in various matrices have been published. However, drawbacks and
limitations in MP analyses are frequently overlooked or ignored. As a result, depending
on the defined analytical question, the majority of the described methods are
applicable. As a result, this chapter summarizes current sampling, sample preparation,
and analysis methods, discusses limitations, and outlines the complexities associated
with MP loss or contamination during sampling and laboratory testing.
Distribution of Microplastics in Man-made Water Bodies
Authors: Partap Singh Suraya , Rani Reetika
Published: September 2023

Plastic is one of the most commonly produced and used materials in the
world due to its great features. It has also become the most prevalent type of debris
found in our oceans, lakes, wetlands, and other lentic systems. Plastic (from the Greek
“plastikos”, meaning mouldable) is made of synthetic organic polymers.
Anthropogenic activity has resulted in the deposition of a complex combination of
materials in different water bodies, which may include synthetic polymers (plastics)
which are degraded into smaller fragments which will be in the size of <5 mm; these
are termed microplastics. Microplastic pollution is one of the main matters of concern
nowadays, specifically due to the increasing anthropogenic activities in and around the
different water bodies which lead to ubiquitous distribution of microplastics in water
systems. It is a gleaming topic among the environmentalists of the world. The
environmental release of MPs will occur from a wide variety of sources, including
emissions from wastewater treatment plants, cosmetics, toothpaste, etc. and from the
degradation of larger plastic debris. In recent years, interest in the effects of
microplastics (MPs) has shifted towards freshwater ecosystems and in this chapter, we
provide an overview of the issues of microplastic pollution that are concerned with
manmade water bodies which can be inland as well as coastal environments as well as
the sources of contamination of water bodies with microplastics, their influence and a
conclusion.
The Shallow and the Deep: A biased introduction to neural networks and old school machine learning
Authors: Biehl Michael
Published: September 2023

The Shallow and the Deep is a collection of lecture notes that offers an accessible introduction to neural networks and machine learning in general. However, it was clear from the beginning that these notes would not be able to cover this rapidly changing and growing field in its entirety. The focus lies on classical machine learning techniques, with a bias towards classification and regression. Other learning paradigms and many recent developments in, for instance, Deep Learning are not addressed or only briefly touched upon. Biehl argues that having a solid knowledge of the foundations of the field is essential, especially for anyone who wants to explore the world of machine learning with an ambition that goes beyond the application of some software package to some data set. Therefore, The Shallow and the Deep places emphasis on fundamental concepts and theoretical background. This also involves delving into the history and pre-history of neural networks, where the foundations for most of the recent developments were laid. These notes aim to demystify machine learning and neural networks without losing the appreciation for their impressive power and versatility.
ELEMENTS, PESTICIDES AND IONS POLLUTANTS IN EGİRDİR LAKE IN TURKEY: DETERMINATION AND METHOD VALIDATION
Authors: KILIÇ Murat , KILIÇ Serpil , PAMUKOĞLU Yunus , KIRKAN Bülent , ERKAYMAZ Taner
Published: September 2023

In this study, the concentrations of elements, ions and pesticides were determined in the samples collected from the Isparta/Egirdir Lake. Firstly, it was validated an analytical method for determination of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, methidathion, cyprodinil and pyridaben pesticide residues (total 322 pesticides), ions (total 12 anions/cations) and elements (total 17 elements) in samples. The validation parameters such as linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, selectivity, recovery (%) of the method were determined. The amounts of metal were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, strontium, vanadium and zinc were determined in different concentrations, but silver, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, thallium and antimony amounts were not determined. The concentrations of ions were assigned by the ion chromatography (IC). According to the results of these experiments the quantities of lithium, nitrate and phosphate ipns were below the limit of detections in samples. Determination of the pesticides in the same samples was performed on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The obtained results were discussed.
A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PARALLEL ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING PROBLEM WITH ERGONOMIC CONSTRAINTS: ERGOPALBP
Authors: DELİCE Yılmaz , KIZILKAYA AYDOGAN Emel , HİMMETOĞLU Salih
Published: September 2023

Parallel assembly line (PAL) systems are one of the most preferred assembly line (AL) types for high volume and mass production in real-life applications. In the PALs, a parallel assembly line balancing problem (PALBP) is basically solved according to certain priority relations and task processing times. However, academic research generally does not take into account the ergonomic strains exposed by workers at stations. It would be a more accurate approach to consider ergonomic aspects in real-life PALBPs. In this study, the ergonomic-constrained PALBP (ergoPALBP) is discussed. Accordingly, the classical PALBP mathematical model is modified by adding ergonomic constraints. The mathematical model proposed for ergoPALBP has been implemented in a PAL system as a real-life application. Both ergonomic risk factors and total station operation times obtained with mathematical models used for classical PALBP and proposed for ergoPALBP were compared. According to the results obtained, the mathematical model proposed for the ergoPALBP shows a successful performance.
ELASTİK ZEMİN ve MANYETİK ALAN ETKİSİ ALTINDAKİ KADEMELİ KİRİŞİN DOĞRUSAL TİTREŞİM ANALİZİ
Authors: YAPANMIŞ Burak Emre
Published: September 2023

Teknolojideki gelişmelerle birlikte farklı kiriş türlerine olan gereksinim artmaktadır. Yaygın olarak kullanılan farklı kiriş türlerinden bir tanesi de kademeli kirişlerdir. Sunulan bu çalışmada önemli yapısal elemanlardan birisi olan kirişin kademeli olması durumu ele alınmıştır. Kademe sayısı olarak tek kademeli durum dikkate alınmış olup kademe oranı ve konumu irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel motivasyon kaynağı kademeli kirişin elastik zemin üzerinde olması ve manyetik alana maruz kalmasıdır. Kademeli kiriş üzerine doğrusal elastik zemin katsayının ve manyetik alan kuvvetinin etkilerini içeren kapsamlı bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Farklı mesnet durumları da incelenerek çalışmanın zenginliği arttırılmıştır. Belirtilen değişken parametrelerin doğal frekanslar üzerine etkileri üç boyutlu grafikler halinde sunulmuştur. Manyetik alan ve elastik zemin etkisinin doğal frekanslar üzerine önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Kademe oranı ve konumunun etkisi serbest serbest sınır şartlarında en etkili olmasına karşın manyetik alan ve elastik zemin etkisi ankastre serbest sınır şartına sahip durumda daha belirgin olmaktadır.
GÜÇ TUTUŞUR ÖZELLİKTE TEKSTİL MATERYALLERİ GELİŞTİRMEK İÇİN NANOKİL KATKILI ISI DEPOLAMA ÖZELLİKLİ MİKROKAPSÜL ÜRETİMİ
Authors: DEMİRBAĞ GENÇ Sena , ALAY AKSOY Sennur
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada, kompleks koaservasyon yöntemi kullanılarak n-eykosan çekirdek içeren ve jelatin/Arap zamkı duvar yapılı mikrokapsüllerin üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretim sırasında mikrokapsüllerin duvar yapısına nanokil partikülleri ilave edilerek mikrokapsüllerin hem termal stabilitesinin arttırılması hem de güç tutuşur özellik kazandırılması planlanmıştır. Üretilen mikrokapsüllerin morfolojileri optik mikroskop ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) analizi ile incelenmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin ısı depolama özellikleri diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC), termal stabiliteleri termal gravimetrik (TG) analiz ile incelenmiştir. Jelatin+nanokil/Arap zamkı/n-eykosan mikrokapsüllerin küresel morfolojiye sahip oldukları ve başarılı bir şekilde üretildikleri tespit edilmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin 98,9 J/g ısı depolama kapasitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretilen mikrokapsüller pamuklu dokuma kumaşa emdirme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Mikrokapsül uygulamasının pamuklu dokuma kumaşın güç tutuşurluk performansı üzerindeki etkisi 45° eğimli otomatik güç tutuşurluk test cihazı kullanılarak ASTM D1230-94 standardına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Nanokil katkılı mikrokapsül uygulamasının kumaşa güç tutuşur özellik kazandırdığı ve kumaşın yanma süresini 19,2 s’den 32,1 s’ye yükselttiği tespit edilmiştir.
EFFECT OF GRAPHITE POWDER ADDITIVES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN BLAST FURNACE SLAG-BASED ALKALI-ACTIVATED MORTARS
Authors: FİLAZİ Ahmet , YİLMAZEL Rustem , PUL Muharrem
Published: September 2023

In this study, the effect of graphite powder additive on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of alkali-activated mortar samples produced using blast furnace slag was investigated. In the preparation of the mortar samples, graphite powder in (75) micron size was substituted at a rate of 0%-0.5-1%, 2% and 4% by weight of the binder. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as activators in the mortar samples produced with Blast Furnace slag, and the samples were thermal cured at 110⁰C for 24 hours. Workability, unit weight, electrical conductivity, tendencies and compressive strength of all mortar samples that completed the curing period were determined. In addition, experiments were carried out to determine the water absorption and void ratios of the samples that gave the best results in the cementitious system activated with alkalis. The results obtained showed that the workability of the graphite powder was improved at 1% reinforcement rate in the mortar samples activated with alkalis, and it had a negative effect at the rates above 1%. It was understood that 1% graphite powder additive contributed positively to flexural and compressive strengths, while 4% graphite powder additive contributed provided the highest electrical conductivity.
PAMUKLU TEKSTİL ÜRETİMİNDE SU AYAK İZİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK YEŞİL Elif , DAL Ayşe , ÖZTÜRK Emrah , KİTİŞ Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Global ölçekte su kaynakları üzerindeki baskılar giderek artmaktadır. Gelecekte ülkemizin de dâhil olduğu birçok ülkede su kıtlığının yaşanması beklenmektedir. Bu durum tekstil sektörü gibi suyu yoğun kullanarak üretim yapan sektörler için bir endişe kaynağıdır. Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımını sağlamak için özellikle suyu yoğun kullanan sektörler başta olmak üzere sektörlerin su ayak izi değerlerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada pamuklu tekstil üretiminde yaşam döngüsü boyunca su ayak izi değerleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda hammadde çıkarma (pamuk üretimi, çırçırlama vb.), pamuklu kumaş üretimi, nakliye, tüketici kullanımı ve kullanım ömrü sonunda elden çıkarma aşamaları için su ayak izi değerleri ve yaşam döngüsü boyunca pamuklu kumaş üretimi için toplam su ayak izi değeri literatür araştırmalarıyla belirlenmiştir. Yaşam döngüsü boyunca pamuklu kumaş üretimi için toplam su ayak izi değerleri 4.573-7.583 m3/ton aralığında değişim göstermektedir. Toplam su ayak izi değerinin %93-97’lik kısmını pamuk üretimi ve %2-6’lık kısmını da pamuklu kumaş üretimi oluşturmaktadır. Çırçırlama, nakliye ve tüketici kullanımı için toplam su ayak izi oranları %1 ve toplam su ayak izi değeri ise 55 m3/ton olarak bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla pamuk üretimi, üretim prosesleri ve tüketici kullanımı adımlarında verimlilik tedbirleri uygulayarak pamuklu kumaş için su ayak izinin azaltılması sağlanabilir.
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF IoT BASED WEATHER STATION FOR HIGH VOLTAGE LABORATORIES
Authors: KUMRU Celal Fadıl , VURAL Muzaffer Samed
Published: September 2023

This study presents the design and implementation of an internet of things (IoT) based weather station for high voltage laboratories using the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B and two BME680 sensors. The weather station calculates the relative air density and humidity correction coefficients using the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity data obtained from the sensors. The study investigates the effect of the constant and real-time calculation of these coefficients on the measurement of AC, DC and lightning breakdown voltage using spherical electrodes. Measurements were performed within a laboratory setting for a period of 12 hours, and the obtained results were subsequently compared. The findings reveal that the real time calculation of the correction coefficients leads to a reduction in measurement errors. The study also includes the development of a web-based user interface using HTML and CSS, which is hosted on the Raspberry Pi 4 using the Flask web framework. This interface allows users to access the weather station data from any device with a web browser and provides real-time monitoring of the current coefficients, as well as the capability to calculate actual parameters online.
AKIMSIZ KAPLAMA YÖNTEMİYLE NİKEL ESASLI METALİK KAPLAMALARIN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: TOPAL Gülşen , ESENCAN TÜRKASLAN Banu
Published: September 2023

Endüstriyel ortamda ve zorlu çevre koşullarında çalışan metal malzemelerin yüzeyleri zamanla ortamdaki etkenlere bağlı olarak bozulmaktadır. Yüzeyi bozulan metal malzemeler hem korozyon direnci hem de mekanik özelliklerini kaybetmiş olur. Yüzey özelliklerinin geliştirilmesinde tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri metal kaplama uygulamasıdır. Metal kaplamalar, hem mekanik özellikleri iyileştirmek hem de korozyon nedeniyle malzeme kaybını önlemek amacıyla uygulanmaktadır. Metal kaplama yöntemlerinden olan akımsız kaplama, elektrik akımı olmadan bir indirgeme maddesiyle sulu çözeltiden metalik iyonun katalitik olarak indirgenip metalin yüzeyinde biriktirilmesine dayanan kimyasal indirgeme işlemidir. Akımsız kaplama yöntemiyle; altın, nikel, bakır, gümüş gibi birçok metal kaplanabilmektedir. Endüstride en yaygın tercih edilen kaplama türü sahip olduğu kimyasal, fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinden dolayı akımsız nikel kaplamadır. Ayrıca bu yöntem metal kaplama çalışmalarında çoklu alaşım ve kompozit kaplamaların üretilmesini popüler hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmayla, alüminyum malzeme yüzeyine akımsız nikel kaplama işlemi uygulanmış olup kaplama prosesi için belirlenen çalışma parametrelerinin kaplama kalınlığına, yapışma mukavemetine ve korozyon direncine etkisi incelenmiştir.
BORNOVA (İZMİR)’DE BİR İNŞAAT ALANINDA DİNAMİK ZEMİN DAVRANIŞI VE SIVILAŞMA ANALİZLERİ
Authors: BATUGE Yusuf , KURUOĞLU Mehmet , ESKİŞAR Tuğba
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışma kapsamında, İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde bulunan bir inşaat alanında dinamik zemin davranışı analizleri ve sıvılaşma analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle sahada uygulanan sondajlar ve jeofizik yöntemlerin verileri bir veri bankasında toplanmıştır. Sahanın 3 boyutlu modeli çıkartılmış ve sondajların konumlarına göre sahanın farklı açılardan geoteknik profilleri elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında dinamik zemin davranışı analizleri, frekans tanım alanında bir boyutlu eşdeğer doğrusal analiz yöntemiyle DEEPSOIL programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analizlerde 1977 İzmir, 1992 Doğanbey, 1995 Dinar ve 1999 Kocaeli depremlerine ait ivme-zaman kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, SPT-N değerleriyle sıvılaşma analizleri yapılarak alanın sıvılaşma riski belirlenmiştir. Alan içinde farklı deprem etkileri sonucu 0.4g ve üzeri değerlerde en büyük yatay yüzey ivmelerinin oluşabileceği, sıvılaşma riskinin alan genelinde mevcut olmadığı, ancak lokal olarak sıvılaşma gözlenebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.