bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Relationships and Gene Flow at Pottery Mound Pueblo, New Mexico
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi , Meyer Jana Valesca , Ragsdale Corey S.
Published: April 2020

Pottery Mound is a large Ancestral Puebloan site situated within the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) region of New Mexico. This article adds to our understanding of relationships between Pottery Mound, the Western Pueblos, and Mexico through use of biological distance analysis based on dental nonmetric traits. Extensive material and cultural influences, as well as migration events from Western Pueblos to Pottery Mound, have been proposed by several scholars, while others have highlighted parallels to Mexico, especially Paquimé. A total of 1,528 individuals from the U.S. Southwest and Mexico were used to examine relationships between Pottery Mound and these areas. We find no evidence of close biological similarity between Pottery Mound and the Western Pueblos or northern Mexico. Instead, the results indicate biological affinity between Pottery Mound and sites in the MRG region and Mogollon areas. This similarity suggests that although there is evidence for trade between Pottery Mound and other sites in the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica, trade may not have been accompanied by significant gene flow from those areas from which the trade goods originated. It is possible that neighboring regions, such as the Mogollon, served as intermediaries for trade between Pottery Mound and distant regions.
The Explanation of Eating Disorders: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hawkins-Elder Hannah , Ward Tony
Published: April 2020

Eating disorders (EDs) are one of the most severe and complex mental health problems facing researchers and clinicians today. The effective prevention and treatment of these conditions is therefore of paramount importance. However, at present our treatments fall short: generally demonstrating only poor to moderate efficacy, and often completely ineffective for severe or chronic cases. A possible reason for this is that the current theories underlying these treatments are flawed. In this paper, we review and evaluate several prominent theoretical explanations associated with current frontline and promising treatments for ED. In doing so, we identify fundamental problems within the construction of current ED explanations and their implications for treatment. In response to these findings, we propose several strategies for the construction of future ED explanations which we believe have the power to ameliorate these problems and potentially help to develop more efficacious treatment downstream.
Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding?
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Smith Becky A. , Lewis Sarah S. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J.
Published: April 2020

With concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with universal masking in a time of critical mask shortages. We summarize the rationale behind a universal masking policy in healthcare settings, important considerations before implementing such a policy and the challenges with universal masking. We also discusses proposed solutions such as universal face shields.
Firn cold content evolution at nine sites on the Greenland ice sheet between 1998 and 2017
Authors: Vandecrux B. , Fausto R. S. , van As D. , Colgan W. , Langen P. L. , Haubner K. , Ingeman-Nielsen T. , Heilig A. , Stevens C. M. , MacFerrin M. , Niwano M. , Steffen K. , Box J.E.
Published: April 2020

Current sea-level rise partly stems from increased surface melting and meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet. Multi-year snow, also known as firn, covers about 80% of the ice sheet and retains part of the surface meltwater. Since the firn cold content integrates its physical and thermal characteristics, it is a valuable tool for determining the meltwater-retention potential of firn. We use gap-filled climatological data from nine automatic weather stations in the ice-sheet accumulation area to drive a surface-energy-budget and firn model, validated against firn density and temperature observations, over the 1998–2017 period. Our results show a stable top 20 m firn cold content (CC20) at most sites. Only at the lower-elevation Dye-2 site did CC20decrease, by 24% in 2012, before recovering to its original value by 2017. Heat conduction towards the surface is the main process feeding CC20at all nine sites, while CC20reduction occurs through low-cold-content fresh-snow addition at the surface during snowfall and latent-heat release when meltwater refreezes. Our simulations suggest that firn densification, while reducing pore space for meltwater retention, increases the firn cold content, enhances near-surface meltwater refreezing and potentially sets favourable conditions for ice-slab formation.
Observation of resistive Weibel instability in intense laser plasma
Authors: Krishnamurthy S. , Makur K. , Ramakrishna B.
Published: April 2020

We observe experimentally periodic proton beam filamentation in laser-produced dense plasma using multilayered (CH–Al–CH) sandwich targets. The accelerated MeV proton beams from these targets exhibit periodic frozen filaments up to 5–10 µm as a result of resistive Weibel instabilities in the expanding plasma. The evolution of strong self-generated resistive magnetic fields at the targets interface is attributed to such plasma effects, which are supported, by our theory and simulations. We suggest that the resistive Weibel instability could be effectively employed to understand the evolution of magnetic fields in laser-generated plasma in the astrophysics scenario or the advanced fast igniter approach of the inertial confinement fusion.
Efficient high-pass filtering with practical, high-yield X-ray transmission mirror optics
Authors: Agyeman-Budu David N. , Brock Joel D. , Woll Arthur R.
Published: April 2020

Although the concept, first demonstration, and potential applications of X-ray transmission mirrors (XTMs) were initially described over 30 years ago, only a few implementations exist in the literature. This is attributed to the unsolved challenge of a thick frame supporting a thin, reflecting membrane which does not itself block the transmitted beam. Here, we introduce a novel approach to solve this problem by employing silicon microfabrication. A robust XTM frame has been fabricated by using a novel two-step etch process, which secures the thin-film membrane without blocking the transmitted beam. Specifically, we have fabricated delicate XTM optics with 90% yield, which consist of 280-nm-thick low-stress silicon nitride membrane windows that are 1.5 mm wide and 125 mm long on silicon substrates. The XTM optics have been demonstrated to be a more efficient high-pass X-ray filter; for example, when configured for 40% transmission of 11.3 keV photons, we measure the reduction of 8.4 keV photons by a factor of 56.
Class, Ethnicity, and Cooperation Among Women: Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment in Lebanon
Authors: Marshall Leslie , Paler Laura
Published: April 2020

While recent evidence suggests that women exhibit a high capacity to cooperate in all-women groups, existing research focuses on how women cooperate among themselves versus in mixed-gender situations. We still know little, however, about how social differences among women affect their collective action capacity. We examine this by implementing a public goods experiment in Lebanon in which 713 women and men were randomly assigned to play in same-gender groups that were either homogeneous or heterogeneous in their class and sectarian compositions. We show that women contribute significantly less in mixed-class groups while men contribute more, reinforcing that this pattern is unique to women. We also demonstrate that class differences can undermine women’s cooperation more than sectarian differences. These findings highlight how social differences – and class differences in particular – can impede women’s collective action capacity, revealing the potential barriers to building broad, gender-based coalitions to advance women’s rights and interests.
Moderne Inkontinenztherapie mittels Muskelstammzellen
Authors: Schmid Florian , Eberli Daniel
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Urininkontinenz betrifft eine Vielzahl an Patientinnen und Patienten, und die Kosten für die Behandlung nehmen mit der demografischen Entwicklung weiter zu. Es gibt verschiedene konservative und chirurgische Therapieansätze, die in ihrer Wirkung meistens limitiert oder zeitlich begrenzt sind. Langfristige und nachhaltige Lösungsansätze sind gesucht, wobei die Behandlung mittels regenativer Therapien unter Verwendung von Stammzellen eine vielversprechende Alternative darstellt. Verschiedene präklinische und klinische Studien haben den Einsatz von Vorläuferzellen zur Stärkung des Blasenschliessmuskels untersucht. Dieser Review diskutiert die Thematik der Belastungsinkontinenz von der Physiologie über die herkömmliche Behandlung bis hin zu neuartigen Therapieformen unter Verwendung von Muskelstammzellen. Zudem informieren die Autoren über eine laufende prospektive Studie am Universitätsspital Zürich, die sich der modernen regenerativen Therapieform bedient.
Validity of Brief Scales for Assessing Transdiagnostic Cognitive	Emotion Regulation Strategies in Primary Care Patients With Emotional	Disorders
Authors: Muñoz-Navarro Roger , Adrián Medrano Leonardo , González-Blanch César , Carpallo-González María , Olave Leticia , Iruarrizaga Itziar , Ruiz-Rodríguez Paloma , Moriana Juan A. , Cano-Vindel Antonio
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies have been proposed as an explanation for transdiagnostic vulnerability to emotional disorders, which are highly prevalent in the primary care setting. The use of brief psychological instruments to detect cognitive-emotional factors – such as worry, rumination, interpretative and attentional distortions, and metacognitions – could provide valuable clinical data to better guide treatment in primary care. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of four brief scales derived from the full versions of four assessment instruments (PSWQ, RRS, IACTA, and MCQ-30). The brief scales were completed by 1,250 primary care patients with an emotional disorder diagnosed by a general practitioner. The following characteristics of the scales were assessed: (a) internal structure (assessed by confirmatory factor analysis), (b) internal consistency, (c) convergent validity, (d) metric invariance across gender and age, and (e) predictive validity. The results showed a unifactorial structure for all of the tested scales, with an acceptable internal consistency and convergent validity, and invariance across gender and age. The brief scales presented predictive validity using the PHQ-4, a 4-item scale used to detect depression and generalized anxiety disorders, suggesting that these brief scales are optimal for use in the primary care setting.
The Application of the Rorschach Inkblot Test in the Study of Neural and Cognitive Aging
Authors: Arble Eamonn , Steinert Steven W. , Daugherty Ana M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Rorschach Inkblot test has been adopted and adapted by many researchers to assess and predict different aspects of human experience and cognitive performance. The present review examines research that incorporates the Rorschach to evaluate neural and cognitive aging as well as decline in age-related disease. Specifically, differences in amygdala and cortical regions, as well as mirror neuron and asymmetrical hemisphere activity that correlate with specific responses to Rorschach stimuli are discussed in the context of typical changes in brain structure and function in the course of aging. In addition, the present review provides a proposed framework for expanding the use of the Rorschach to evaluate other domains of neural and cognitive function. The authors conclude that, despite a need for increased research, the Rorschach is a viable measure to evaluate certain aspects of cognitive function and decline throughout the lifespan.
Human β-defensin 3 gene modification promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and bone repair in periodontitis
Authors: Li Lingjun , Jiang Han , Chen Rixin , Zhou Jing , Xiao Yin , Zhang Yangheng , Yan Fuhua
Published: April 2020

Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years. Human β-defensin 3, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis; however, relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic effects of hPDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding human β-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment. Then human β-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair. We found that the human β-defensin 3 gene-modified hPDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process. In vivo, human β-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway might also have been involved. These findings demonstrate that human β-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that human β-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.
Broadband perovskite quantum dot spectrometer beyond human visual resolution
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiu , Bian Liheng , Fu Hao , Wang Lingxue , Zou Bingsuo , Dai Qionghai , Zhang Jun , Zhong Haizheng
Published: April 2020

The quantum dot spectrometer, fabricated by integrating different quantum dots with an image sensor to reconstruct the target spectrum from spectral-coupled measurements, is an emerging and promising hyperspectrometry technology with high resolution and a compact size. The spectral resolution and spectral range of quantum dot spectrometers have been limited by the spectral variety of the available quantum dots and the robustness of algorithmic reconstruction. Moreover, the spectrometer integration of quantum dots also suffers from inherent photoluminescence emission and poor batch-to-batch repeatability. In this work, we developed nonemissive in situ fabricated MA3Bi2X9 and Cs2SnX6 (MA = CH3NH3; X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite-quantum-dot-embedded films (PQDFs) with precisely tunable transmittance spectra for quantum dot spectrometer applications. The resulting PQDFs contain in situ fabricated perovskite nanocrystals with homogenous dispersion in a polymeric matrix, giving them advantageous features such as high transmittance efficiency and good batch-to-batch repeatability. By integrating a filter array of 361 kinds of PQDFs with a silicon-based photodetector array, we successfully demonstrated the construction of a perovskite quantum dot spectrometer combined with a compressive-sensing-based total-variation optimization algorithm. A spectral resolution of ~1.6 nm was achieved in the broadband of 250–1000 nm. The performance of the perovskite quantum dot spectrometer is well beyond that of human eyes in terms of both the spectral range and spectral resolution. This advancement will not only pave the way for using quantum dot spectrometers for practical applications but also significantly impact the development of artificial intelligence products, clinical treatment equipment, scientific instruments, etc.
TGFβ and EGF signaling orchestrates the AP-1- and p63 transcriptional regulation of breast cancer invasiveness
Authors: Sundqvist Anders , Vasilaki Eleftheria , Voytyuk Oleksandr , Bai Yu , Morikawa Masato , Moustakas Aristidis , Miyazono Kohei , Heldin Carl-Henrik , ten Dijke Peter , van Dam Hans
Published: April 2020

Activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factors are essential elements of the pro-oncogenic functions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-SMAD signaling. Here we show that in multiple HER2+ and/or EGFR+ breast cancer cell lines these AP-1-dependent tumorigenic properties of TGFβ critically rely on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and expression of the ΔN isoform of transcriptional regulator p63. EGFR and ΔNp63 enabled and/or potentiated the activation of a subset of TGFβ-inducible invasion/migration-associated genes, e.g., ITGA2, LAMB3, and WNT7A/B, and enhanced the recruitment of SMAD2/3 to these genes. The TGFβ- and EGF-induced binding of SMAD2/3 and JUNB to these gene loci was accompanied by p63-SMAD2/3 and p63-JUNB complex formation. p63 and EGFR were also found to strongly potentiate TGFβ induction of AP-1 proteins and, in particular, FOS family members. Ectopic overexpression of FOS could counteract the decrease in TGFβ-induced gene activation after p63 depletion. p63 is also involved in the transcriptional regulation of heparin binding (HB)-EGF and EGFR genes, thereby establishing a self-amplification loop that facilitates and empowers the pro-invasive functions of TGFβ. These cooperative pro-oncogenic functions of EGFR, AP-1, p63, and TGFβ were efficiently inhibited by clinically relevant chemical inhibitors. Our findings may, therefore, be of importance for therapy of patients with breast cancers with an activated EGFR-RAS-RAF pathway.
ACSL4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via c-Myc stability mediated by ERK/FBW7/c-Myc axis
Authors: Chen Junru , Ding Chaofeng , Chen Yunhao , Hu Wendi , Lu Yuejie , Wu Wenxuan , Zhang Yanpeng , Yang Beng , Wu Hao , Peng Chuanhui , Xie Haiyang , Zhou Lin , Wu Jian , Zheng Shusen
Published: April 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous, multigene-driven malignant tumor. Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), an enzyme has pivotal roles in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. However, its function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC are still not fully elucidated. Here, we identified ACSL4 as a novel marker for AFP high subtype HCC through transcriptome profiling. ACSL4 was frequently upregulated in HCC samples and associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, ACSL4 knockdown resulted in decreased cell growth, whereas ectopic ACSL4 expression facilitated tumor formation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ACSL4 stabilized the oncoprotein c-Myc through ubiquitin–proteasome system in an ERK/FBW7-dependent manner. Cell growth ability mediated by ACSL4 elevation was partly attenuated by c-Myc depletion using siRNA or its inhibitor 10058-F4. In contrast, the effects of ACSL4 silencing were partially reversed by c-Myc overexpression via FBW7 knockdown. Clinically, ACSL4 expression was positively correlated with c-Myc in HCC. In conclusion, ACSL4 is a novel marker for AFP high subtype HCC. Our data uncovered a new mechanism by which ACSL4 promotes HCC progression via c-Myc stability mediated by ERK/FBW7/c-Myc axis and could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
KLF4-mediated upregulation of CD9 and CD81 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma development via JNK signaling
Authors: Li Yandong , Yu Shijun , Li Li , Chen Jingde , Quan Ming , Li Qinchuan , Gao Yong
Published: April 2020

Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 frequently serve as the surface markers of exosomes, which are involved in intercellular communication during tumor progression. KLF4 is a well-known tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between KLF4 and CD9/CD81 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that CD9 and CD81 were transcriptionally activated by KLF4 in HCC cell lines. Decreased expressions of CD9 and CD81 were found in most HCC tumor tissues and predicted advanced stages. Furthermore, KLF4 expression was positively associated with CD9 and CD81 expression in HCC specimens. Functionally, overexpression of CD9 and CD81 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and silencing CD9 and CD81 displayed opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, we found that JNK signaling pathway may be involved in the growth suppression mediated by CD9 and CD81. In addition, increased expression of KLF4, CD9 or CD81 had no obvious impact on exosome secretion from HCC cells. Collectively, we identified CD9 and CD81 as new transcriptional targets of KLF4 and the dysregulated KLF4-CD9/CD81-JNK signaling contributes to HCC development. Our findings will provide new promising targets against this disease.
Synthetic hybrids of six yeast species
Authors: Peris David , Alexander William G. , Fisher Kaitlin J. , Moriarty Ryan V. , Basuino Mira G. , Ubbelohde Emily J. , Wrobel Russell L. , Hittinger Chris Todd
Published: April 2020

Allopolyploidy generates diversity by increasing the number of copies and sources of chromosomes. Many of the best-known evolutionary radiations, crops, and industrial organisms are ancient or recent allopolyploids. Allopolyploidy promotes differentiation and facilitates adaptation to new environments, but the tools to test its limits are lacking. Here we develop an iterative method of Hybrid Production (iHyPr) to combine the genomes of multiple budding yeast species, generating Saccharomyces allopolyploids of at least six species. When making synthetic hybrids, chromosomal instability and cell size increase dramatically as additional copies of the genome are added. The six-species hybrids initially grow slowly, but they rapidly regain fitness and adapt, even as they retain traits from multiple species. These new synthetic yeast hybrids and the iHyPr method have potential applications for the study of polyploidy, genome stability, chromosome segregation, and bioenergy.
Data-driven analysis and forecasting of highway traffic dynamics
Authors: Avila A. M. , Mezić I.
Published: April 2020

The unpredictable elements involved in a vehicular traffic system, like human interaction and weather, lead to a very complicated, high-dimensional, nonlinear dynamical system. Therefore, it is difficult to develop a mathematical or artificial intelligence model that describes the time evolution of traffic systems. All the while, the ever-increasing demands on transportation systems has left traffic agencies in dire need of a robust method for analyzing and forecasting traffic. Here we demonstrate how the Koopman mode decomposition can offer a model-free, data-driven approach for analyzing and forecasting traffic dynamics. By obtaining a decomposition of data sets collected by the Federal Highway Administration and the California Department of Transportation, we are able to reconstruct observed data, distinguish any growing or decaying patterns, and obtain a hierarchy of previously identified and never before identified spatiotemporal patterns. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how this methodology can be utilized to forecast highway network conditions.
Targeting codon 158 p53-mutant cancers via the induction of p53 acetylation
Authors: Kong Li Ren , Ong Richard Weijie , Tan Tuan Zea , Mohamed Salleh Nur Afiqah Binte , Thangavelu Matan , Chan Jane Vin , Koh Lie Yong Judice , Periyasamy Giridharan , Lau Jieying Amelia , Le Thi Bich Uyen , Wang Lingzhi , Lee Miyoung , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Verma Chandra S. , Lim Chwee Ming , Chng Wee Joo , Lane David P. , Venkitaraman Ashok , Hung Huynh The , Cheok Chit Fang , Goh Boon Cher
Published: April 2020

Gain of function (GOF) DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations of TP53 upregulate chromatin regulatory genes that promote genome-wide histone methylation and acetylation. Here, we therapeutically exploit the oncogenic GOF mechanisms of p53 codon 158 (Arg158) mutation, a DBD mutant found to be prevalent in lung carcinomas. Using high throughput compound screening and combination analyses, we uncover that acetylating mutp53R158G could render cancers susceptible to cisplatin-induced DNA stress. Acetylation of mutp53R158G alters DNA binding motifs and upregulates TRAIP, a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase which dephosphorylates IĸB and impedes nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), thus repressing oncogenic nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) signaling and inducing apoptosis. Given that this mechanism of cytotoxic vulnerability appears inapt in p53 wild-type (WT) or other hotspot GOF mutp53 cells, our work provides a therapeutic opportunity specific to Arg158-mutp53 tumors utilizing a regimen consisting of DNA-damaging agents and mutp53 acetylators, which is currently being pursued clinically.
Partial impairment of insulin receptor expression mimics fasting to prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease
Authors: Merry Troy L. , Hedges Chris P. , Masson Stewart W. , Laube Beate , Pöhlmann Doris , Wueest Stephan , Walsh Michael E. , Arnold Myrtha , Langhans Wolfgang , Konrad Daniel , Zarse Kim , Ristow Michael
Published: April 2020

Excessive insulin signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) may play a role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced metabolic disease, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we investigate whether heterozygous impairment of insulin receptor (IR) expression limited to peripheral, i.e. non-CNS, tissues of adult mice impacts the development of high-fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration. While exhibiting some features of insulin resistance, PerIRKO+/−mice display a hepatic energy deficit accompanied by induction of energy-sensing AMPK, mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARα, unexpectedly leading to protection from, and reversal of hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis hepatis, NAFLD). Consistently, and unlike in control mice, the PPARα activator fenofibrate fails to further affect hepatic lipid accumulation in PerIRKO+/−mice. Taken together, and opposing previously established diabetogenic features of insulin resistance, incomplete impairment of insulin signaling may mimic central aspects of calorie restriction to limit hepatic lipid accumulation during conditions of metabolic stress.
Local conditions and policy design determine whether ecological compensation can achieve No Net Loss goals
Authors: Sonter Laura J. , Simmonds Jeremy S. , Watson James E. M. , Jones Julia P. G. , Kiesecker Joseph M. , Costa Hugo M. , Bennun Leon , Edwards Stephen , Grantham Hedley S. , Griffiths Victoria F. , Jones Kendall , Sochi Kei , Puydarrieux Philippe , Quétier Fabien , Rainer Helga , Rainey Hugo , Roe Dilys , Satar Musnanda , Soares-Filho Britaldo S. , Starkey Malcolm , ten Kate Kerry , Victurine Ray , von Hase Amrei , Wells Jessie A. , Maron Martine
Published: April 2020

Many nations use ecological compensation policies to address negative impacts of development projects and achieve No Net Loss (NNL) of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, failures are widely reported. We use spatial simulation models to quantify potential net impacts of alternative compensation policies on biodiversity (indicated by native vegetation) and two ecosystem services (carbon storage, sediment retention) across four case studies (in Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, Mozambique). No policy achieves NNL of biodiversity in any case study. Two factors limit their potential success: the land available for compensation (existing vegetation to protect or cleared land to restore), and expected counterfactual biodiversity losses (unregulated vegetation clearing). Compensation also fails to slow regional biodiversity declines because policies regulate only a subset of sectors, and expanding policy scope requires more land than is available for compensation activities. Avoidance of impacts remains essential in achieving NNL goals, particularly once opportunities for compensation are exhausted.
The intensification of Arctic warming as a result of CO2 physiological forcing
Authors: Park So-Won , Kim Jin-Soo , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: April 2020

Stomatal closure is one of the main physiological responses to increasing CO2 concentration, which leads to a reduction in plant water loss. This response has the potential to trigger changes in the climate system by regulating surface energy budgets—a phenomenon known as CO2 physiological forcing. However, its remote impacts on the Arctic climate system are unclear. Here we show that vegetation at high latitudes enhances the Arctic amplification via remote and time-delayed physiological forcing processes. Surface warming occurs at mid-to-high latitudes due to the physiological acclimation-induced reduction in evaporative cooling and resultant increase in sensible heat flux. This excessive surface heat energy is transported to the Arctic ocean and contributes to the sea ice loss, thereby enhancing Arctic warming. The surface warming in the Arctic is further amplified by local feedbacks, and consequently the contribution of physiological effects to Arctic warming represents about 10% of radiative forcing effects.
In-situ resonant band engineering of solution-processed semiconductors generates high performance n-type thermoelectric nano-inks
Authors: Sahu Ayaskanta , Russ Boris , Liu Miao , Yang Fan , Zaia Edmond W. , Gordon Madeleine P. , Forster Jason D. , Zhang Ya-Qian , Scott Mary C. , Persson Kristin A. , Coates Nelson E. , Segalman Rachel A. , Urban Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2020

Thermoelectric devices possess enormous potential to reshape the global energy landscape by converting waste heat into electricity, yet their commercial implementation has been limited by their high cost to output power ratio. No single “champion” thermoelectric material exists due to a broad range of material-dependent thermal and electrical property optimization challenges. While the advent of nanostructuring provided a general design paradigm for reducing material thermal conductivities, there exists no analogous strategy for homogeneous, precise doping of materials. Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale interface-engineering approach that harnesses the large chemically accessible surface areas of nanomaterials to yield massive, finely-controlled, and stable changes in the Seebeck coefficient, switching a poor nonconventional p-type thermoelectric material, tellurium, into a robust n-type material exhibiting stable properties over months of testing. These remodeled, n-type nanowires display extremely high power factors (~500 µW m−1K−2) that are orders of magnitude higher than their bulk p-type counterparts.
Network-directed efficient isolation of previously uncultivated Chloroflexi and related bacteria in hot spring microbial mats
Authors: Xian Wen-Dong , Salam Nimaichand , Li Meng-Meng , Zhou En-Min , Yin Yi-Rui , Liu Ze-Tao , Ming Yu-Zhen , Zhang Xiao-Tong , Wu Geng , Liu Lan , Xiao Min , Jiang Hong-Chen , Li Wen-Jun
Published: April 2020

The perplexity of the complex multispecies community interactions is one of the many reasons why majority of the microorganisms are still uncultivated. We analyzed the entire co-occurrence networks between the OTUs of Tibet and Yunnan hot spring samples, and found that less abundant OTUs such as genus Tepidimonas (relative abundant <1%) had high-degree centricity (key nodes), while dominant OTUs particularly genus Chloroflexus (relative abundant, 13.9%) formed the peripheral vertexes. A preliminary growth-promotion assay determined that Tepidimonas sp. strain SYSU G00190W enhanced the growth of Chloroflexus sp. SYSU G00190R. Exploiting this result, an ameliorated isolation medium containing 10% spent-culture supernatant of Tepidimonas sp. strain SYSU G00190W was prepared for targeted isolation of Chloroflexi in the Tibet and Yunnan hot spring samples. 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting characterized majority of the colonies isolated from these media as previously uncultivated Chloroflexi, of which 36 are potential novel species (16S rRNA sequence identity <98.5%). Metabolomes studies indicated that the spent-culture supernatant comprises several low-molecular-weight organic substrates that can be utilized as potential nutrients for the growth of these bacteria. These findings suggested that limited knowledge on the interaction of microbes provide threshold to traditional isolation method.
Author Correction: TNF-α and INF-γ primed canine stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate experimental murine colitis
Authors: An Ju-Hyun , Li Qiang , Bhang Dong-Ha , Song Woo-Jin , Youn Hwa-Young
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Fuzziness of muscle synergies in patients with multiple sclerosis indicates increased robustness of motor control during walking
Authors: Janshen Lars , Santuz Alessandro , Ekizos Antonis , Arampatzis Adamantios
Published: April 2020

Deficits during gait poses a significant threat to the quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Using the muscle synergy concept, we investigated the modular organization of the neuromuscular control during walking in MS patients compared to healthy participants (HP). We hypothesized a widening and increased fuzziness of motor primitives (e.g. increased overlap intervals) in MS patients compared to HP allowing the motor system to increase robustness during walking. We analysed temporal gait parameters, local dynamic stability and muscle synergies from myoelectric signals of 13 ipsilateral leg muscles using non-negative matrix factorization. Compared to HP, MS patients showed a significant decrease in the local dynamic stability of walking during both, preferred and fixed (0.7 m/s) speed. MS patients demonstrated changes in time-dependent activation patterns (motor primitives) and alterations of the relative muscle contribution to the specific synergies (motor modules). We specifically found a widening in three out of four motor primitives during preferred speed and in two out of four during fixed speed in MS patients compared to HP. The widening increased the fuzziness of motor control in MS patients, which allows the motor system to increase its robustness when coping with pathology-related motor deficits during walking.
Taphonomic criteria for identifying Iberian lynx dens in quaternary deposits
Authors: Rodríguez-Hidalgo Antonio , Sanz Montserrat , Daura Joan , Sánchez-Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

For decades, taphonomists have dedicated their efforts to assessing the nature of the massive leporid accumulations recovered at archaeological sites in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Their interest lying in the fact that the European rabbit constituted a critical part of human subsistence during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. However, rabbits are also a key prey in the food webs of Mediterranean ecosystems and the base of the diet for several specialist predators, including the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). For this reason, the origin of rabbit accumulations in northwestern Mediterranean sites has proved a veritable conundrum. Here, we present the zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of more than 3000 faunal and 140 coprolite remains recovered in layer IIIa of Cova del Gegant (Catalonia, Spain). Our analysis indicates that this layer served primarily as a den for the Iberian lynx. The lynxes modified and accumulated rabbit remains and also died at the site creating an accumulation dominated by the two taxa. However, other agents and processes, including human, intervened in the final configuration of the assemblage. Our study contributes to characterizing the Iberian lynx fossil accumulation differentiating between the faunal assemblages accumulated by lynxes and hominins.
Author Correction: Emergence of unprecedented climate change in projected future precipitation
Authors: Kusunoki Shoji , Ose Tomoaki , Hosaka Masahiro
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The orphan solute carrier SLC10A7 is a novel negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling
Authors: Karakus Emre , Wannowius Marie , Müller Simon Franz , Leiting Silke , Leidolf Regina , Noppes Saskia , Oswald Stefan , Diener Martin , Geyer Joachim
Published: April 2020

SLC10A7 represents an orphan member of the Solute Carrier Family SLC10. Recently, mutations in the human SLC10A7 gene were associated with skeletal dysplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, and decreased bone mineral density. However, the exact molecular function of SLC10A7 and the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are still unknown. For this reason, the role of SLC10A7 on intracellular calcium signaling was investigated. SLC10A7 protein expression was negatively correlated with store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via the plasma membrane. Whereas SLC10A7 knockout HAP1 cells showed significantly increased calcium influx after thapsigargin, ionomycin and ATP/carbachol treatment, SLC10A7 overexpression reduced this calcium influx. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were higher in the SLC10A7 knockout cells and lower in the SLC10A7-overexpressing cells. The SLC10A7 protein co-localized with STIM1, Orai1, and SERCA2. Most of the previously described human SLC10A7 mutations had no effect on the calcium influx and thus were confirmed to be functionally inactive. In the present study, SLC10A7 was established as a novel negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling that most likely acts via STIM1, Orai1 and/or SERCA2 inhibition. Based on this, SLC10A7 is suggested to be named as negative regulator of intracellular calcium signaling (in short: RCAS).
Markers of tissue damage and inflammation after robotic and abdominal hysterectomy in early endometrial cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lundin Evelyn Serreyn , Wodlin Ninnie Borendal , Nilsson Lena , Theodorsson Elvar , Ernerudh Jan , Kjølhede Preben
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of tissue damage and inflammatory response markers perioperatively and whether these differ between women operated with robotic and abdominal hysterectomy in treating early-stage endometrial cancer. At a Swedish university hospital fifty women with early-stage low-risk endometrial cancer were allocated to robotic or abdominal hysterectomy in a randomiszed controlled trial. Blood samples reflecting inflammatory responses (high sensitivity CRP, white blood cells (WBC), thrombocytes, IL-6, cortisol) and tissue damage (creatine kinase (CK), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)) were collected one week preoperatively, just before surgery, postoperatively at two, 24 and 48 hours, and one and six weeks postoperatively. High sensitivity CRP (p = 0.03), WBC (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p = 0.03) and CK (p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the robotic group, but fast transitory. Cortisol returned to baseline two hours after robotic hysterectomy but remained elevated in the abdominal group comparable to the preoperative high levels for both groups just before surgery (p < 0.0001). Thrombocytes and HMGB1 were not affected by the mode of surgery. Postoperative inflammatory response and tissue damage were lower after robotic hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy. A significant remaining cortisol elevation two hours after surgery may reflect a higher stress response in the abdominal group.
MC1R variants and associations with pigmentation characteristics and genetic ancestry in a Hispanic, predominately Puerto Rican, population
Authors: Smit Amelia K. , Collazo-Roman Marielys , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Valavanis Stella , Del Rio Jocelyn , Soto Brenda , Flores Idhaliz , Dutil Julie , Kanetsky Peter A.
Published: April 2020

Skin cancer risk information based on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants could inform prevention and screening recommendations for Hispanics, but limited evidence exists on the impact of MC1R variants in Hispanic populations. We studied Hispanic subjects, predominately of Puerto Rican heritage, from Tampa, Florida, US, and Ponce, PR. Blood or saliva samples were collected by prospective recruitment or retrieved from biobanks for genotyping of MC1R variants and ancestry informative markers. Participant demographic and self-reported phenotypic information was collected via biobank records or questionnaires. We determined associations of MC1R genetic risk categories and phenotypic variables and genetic ancestry. Over half of participants carried MC1R variants known to increase risk of skin cancer, and there was diversity in the observed variants across sample populations. Associations between MC1R genetic risk groups and some pigmentation characteristics were identified. Among Puerto Ricans, the proportion of participants carrying MC1R variants imparting elevated skin cancer risk was consistent across quartiles of European, African, and Native American genetic ancestry. These findings demonstrate that MC1R variants are important for pigmentation characteristics in Hispanics and that carriage of high risk MC1R alleles occurs even among Hispanics with stronger African or Native American genetic ancestry.
Genome Wide Analysis for Growth at Two Growth Stages in A New Fast-Growing Common Carp Strain (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Su Shengyan , Raouf Bouzoualegh , He Xinjin , Cai Nana , Li Xinyuan , Yu Juhua , Li JianLin , Yu Fan , Wang Meiyao , Tang Yongkai
Published: April 2020

In order to identify candidate genes or loci associated with growth performance of the newly established common carp strain, Xinlong, we conducted a genome-wide association analysis using 2b-RAD technology on 123 individuals. We constructed two sets of libraries associated with growth-related parameters (weight, length, width and depth) measured at two different grow-out stages. Among the 413,059 SNPs identified using SOAP SNP calling, 147,131 were tested for GWAS after quality filtering. Finally, 39 overlapping SNPs, assigned to four genomic locations, were associated with growth traits in two stages. These loci were assigned to functional classes related to immune response, response to stress, neurogenesis, cholesterol metabolism and development, and proliferation and differentiation of cells. By overlapping results of Plink and EMMAX analyses, we identified three genes: TOX, PLK2 and CD163 (both methods P < 0.05). Our study results could be used for marker-assisted selection to further improve the growth of the Xinlong strain, and illustrate that largely different sets of genes drive the growth of carp in the early and late grow-out stages.
Long-Term Aberrations To Cerebellar Endocannabinoids Induced By Early-Life Stress
Authors: Moussa-Tooks Alexandra B. , Larson Eric R. , Gimeno Alex F. , Leishman Emma , Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Bradshaw Heather B. , Green John T. , O’Donnell Brian F. , Mackie Ken , Hetrick William P.
Published: April 2020

Emerging evidence points to the role of the endocannabinoid system in long-term stress-induced neural remodeling with studies on stress-induced endocannabinoid dysregulation focusing on cerebral changes that are temporally proximal to stressors. Little is known about temporally distal and sex-specific effects, especially in cerebellum, which is vulnerable to early developmental stress and is dense with cannabinoid receptors. Following limited bedding at postnatal days 2–9, adult (postnatal day 70) cerebellar and hippocampal endocannabinoids, related lipids, and mRNA were assessed, and behavioral performance evaluated. Regional and sex-specific effects were present at baseline and following early-life stress. Limited bedding impaired peripherally-measured basal corticosterone in adult males only. In the CNS, early-life stress (1) decreased 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and arachidonic acid in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus in males only; (2) decreased 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in females only in cerebellar Crus I; and (3) increased dorsal hippocampus prostaglandins in males only. Cerebellar interpositus transcriptomics revealed substantial sex effects, with minimal stress effects. Stress did impair novel object recognition in both sexes and social preference in females. Accordingly, the cerebellar endocannabinoid system exhibits robust sex-specific differences, malleable through early-life stress, suggesting the role of endocannabinoids and stress to sexual differentiation of the brain and cerebellar-related dysfunctions.
Author Correction: Relationship between spectrotemporal modulation detection and music perception in normal-hearing, hearing-impaired, and cochlear implant listeners
Authors: Choi Ji Eun , Won Jong Ho , Kim Cheol Hee , Cho Yang-Sun , Hong Sung Hwa , Moon Il Joon
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Genotypic characterization of multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Reem , Tantawy Marwa , Gouda Nouran A. , Elzayat Mariam G. , Gabra Sara , Nabih Amena , Diab Aya A. , El-Hadidi Mohamed , Bakry Usama , Shoeb Mohamed R. , Elanany Mervat , Shalaby Lobna , Sayed Ahmed A.
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Maternal sleep quality during pregnancy is associated with neonatal auditory ERPs
Authors: Lavonius Maria , Railo Henry , Karlsson Linnea , Wikström Valtteri , Tuulari Jetro J. , Scheinin Noora M. , Paavonen E. Juulia , Polo-Kantola Päivi , Karlsson Hasse , Huotilainen Minna
Published: April 2020

Poor maternal sleep quality during pregnancy may act as a prenatal stress factor for the fetus and associate with neonate neurocognition, for example via fetal programming. The impacts of worsened maternal sleep on neonatal development and, more specifically on neonatal auditory brain responses, have not been studied. A total of 155 mother-neonate dyads drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study participated in our study including maternal self-report questionnaires on sleep at gestational week 24 and an event-related potential (ERP) measurement among 1-2-day-old neonates. For sleep quality assessment, the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ) was used and calculated scores for (1) insomnia, (2) subjective sleep loss and (3) sleepiness were formed and applied in the analyses. In the auditory ERP protocol, three emotionally uttered pseudo words (in happy, angry and sad valence) were presented among neutrally uttered pseudo words. To study the relations between prenatal maternal sleep quality and auditory emotion-related ERP responses, mixed-effects regression models were computed for early (100–200 ms) and late (300–500 ms) ERP response time-windows. All of the selected BNSQ scores were associated with neonatal ERP responses for happy and angry emotion stimuli (sleep loss and sleepiness in the early, and insomnia, sleep loss and sleepiness in the late time-window). For sad stimuli, only maternal sleep loss predicted the neonatal ERP response in the late time-window, likely because the overall ERP was weakest in the sad condition. We conclude that maternal sleep quality during pregnancy is associated with changes in neonatal auditory ERP responses.