bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on the quality of sheep semen preservation at 4°C
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Zhao Yanhong , Chen Huan , Lu Tingting , Yang Rujie , Weng Xiuxiu , Li Wanhong
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on the motility, mitochondrial integrity, acrosome integrity rate, and antioxidant ability of sheep sperm after preservation at 4°C.Methods: Semen from healthy adult rams were collected and divided into four groups with separate addition of 0, 200, 400, and 1,000 mg/L CPP. Sperm motility was analyzed using the Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis software after preservation at 4°C for 24, 72, 120, and 168 h. Sperm acrosome integrity rate was analyzed by Giemsa staining at 24, 72, and 120 h, and mitochondrial membrane integrity was analyzed by Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of spermatozoa were measured after 120 h of preservation.Results: The sperm viability and forward-moving sperm under 200 mg/L CPP were significantly higher than that in the control group at 72 h (61.28%±3.89% vs 52.83%± 0.70%, 51.53%±4.06% vs 42.84%±1.14%), and 168 h (47.21%±0.85% vs 41.43%±0.37%, 38.68%±0.87% vs 31.68%±0.89%). The percentage of fast-moving sperm (15.03%±1.10% vs 11.39%±1.03%) and slow-moving sperm (23.63%±0.76% vs 20.29%±1.11%) in the 200 mg/L group was significantly higher than control group at 168 h. The mitochondrial membrane integrity of the sperm in the group with 200 mg/L CPP was significantly higher than those in the control group after storage at 4°C for 120 h (74.76%±2.54% vs 65.67% ±4.51%, p<0.05). The acrosome integrity rate in the group with 200 mg/L (87.66%±1.26%) and 400 mg/L (84.00%±2.95%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (80.65%±0.16%) after storage for 24 h (p<0.05). CPP also increased T-AOC and decreased the MDA concentration after preservation at 4°C (p<0.05).Conclusion: Adding CPP could improve the T-AOC of sperm, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and facilitate semen preservation.
B-spline polynomials models for analyzing growth patterns of Guzerat young bulls in field performance tests
Authors: Sousa Ricardo Costa , Magaço Fernando dos Santos , Scalez Daiane Cristina Becker , Campelo José  Elivalto Guimarães , Soares de Assis Clélia , Pereira Idalmo Garcia
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify suitable polynomial regression for modeling the average growth trajectory and to estimate the relative development of the rib eye area, scrotal circumference, and morphometric measurements of Guzerat young bulls.Methods: A total of 45 recently weaned males, aged 325.8±28.0 days and weighing 219.9±38.05 kg, were evaluated. The animals were kept on Brachiaria brizantha pastures, received multiple supplementations, and were managed under uniform conditions for 294 days, with evaluations conducted every 56 days. The average growth trajectory was adjusted using ordinary polynomials, Legendre polynomials, and quadratic B-splines. The coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, mean square error, the value of the restricted likelihood function, Akaike information criteria, and consistent Akaike information criteria were applied to assess the quality of the fits. For the study of allometric growth, the power model was applied.Results: Ordinary polynomial and Legendre polynomial models of the fifth order provided the best fits. B-splines yielded the best fits in comparing models with the same number of parameters. Based on the restricted likelihood function, Akaike's information criterion, and consistent Akaike's information criterion, the B-splines model with six intervals described the growth trajectory of evaluated animals more smoothly and consistently. In the study of allometric growth, the evaluated traits exhibited negative heterogeneity (b<1) relative to the animals' weight (p<0.01), indicating the precocity of Guzerat cattle for weight gain on pasture.Conclusion: Complementary studies of growth trajectory and allometry can help identify when an animal's weight changes and thus assist in decision-making regarding management practices, nutritional requirements, and genetic selection strategies to optimize growth and animal performance.
Identification and validation of putative biomarkers by in silico analysis, mRNA expression and oxidative stress indicators for negative energy balance in buffaloes during transition period
Authors: Kour Savleen , Sharma Neelesh , Guttula Praveen Kumar , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Santos Marcos Veiga dos , Bacic Goran , Macesic Nino , Pathak Anand Kumar , Son Young-Ok
Published: January 2024

Objective: Transition period is considered from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, characterized with dramatic events (endocrine, metabolic, and physiological) leading to occurrence of production diseases (negative energy balance/ketosis, milk fever etc). The objectives of our study were to analyze the periodic concentration of serum beta-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), glucose and oxidative markers along with identification, and validation of the putative markers of negative energy balance in buffaloes using in-silico and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.Methods: Out of 20 potential markers of ketosis identified by in-silico analysis, two were selected and analyzed by qRT-PCR technique (upregulated; acetyl serotonin o-methyl transferase like and down regulated; guanylate cyclase activator 1B). Additional two sets of genes (carnitine palmotyl transferase A; upregulated and Insulin growth factor; downregulated) that have a role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation to maintain energy demands via gluconeogenesis were also validated. Extracted cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) from the blood of the buffaloes were used for validation of selected genes via qRTPCR. Concentrations of BHBA, glucose and oxidative stress markers were identified with their respective optimized protocols.Results: The analysis of qRT-PCR gave similar trends as shown by in-silico analysis throughout the transition period. Significant changes (p<0.05) in the levels of BHBA, glucose and oxidative stress markers throughout this period were observed. This study provides validation from in-silico and qRT-PCR assays for potential markers to be used for earliest diagnosis of negative energy balance in buffaloes.Conclusion: Apart from conventional diagnostic methods, this study improves the understanding of putative biomarkers at the molecular level which helps to unfold their role in normal immune function, fat synthesis/metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Therefore, provides an opportunity to discover more accurate and sensitive diagnostic aids.
Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions
Authors: Ali Asep Indra Munawar , Sandi Sofia , Warly Lili , Fariani Armina , Pratama Anggriawan Naidilah Tetra , Darussalam Abdullah
Published: January 2024

Objective: The daily maximum temperature and seawater level continuously increase as global warming continues. We examined the adaptability and production performance of heat-stressed goats with a supply of low-saline drinking water.Methods: Twelve Kacang and Kacang Etawah cross goats were exposed to two climatic conditions (control, 25°C to 33°C, 83% relative humidity [RH], temperature humidity index [THI]: 76 to 86; and hot environment, 26°C to 39°C, 81% RH, THI: 77 to 94) and two salt levels in drinking water (0% and 0.4% NaCl). The experimental design was a Latin Square (4×4) with four treatments and four periods (28 days each).Results: Temperature of the rectal, skin, and udder, and respiration rate rose, reached a maximum level on the first day of heat exposures, and then recovered. Plasma sodium rose at 0.4% NaCl level, while the hot environment and salinity treatments increased the drinking water to dry matter (DM) intake ratio. Water excretion was elevated in the hot environment but lowered by the increase in salinity. Total lying time increased, whereas change position frequency decreased in the hot condition. Lying and ruminating and total ruminating time increased and explained the enhanced DM digestibility in the hot conditions.Conclusion: The goats exhibited a high level of plasma sodium as salinity increased, and they demonstrated physiological and behavioral alterations while maintaining their production performances under increasing daily maximum temperatures.
Evaluation of genetic differentiation and search for candidate genes for reproductive traits in pigs
Authors: Romanets Elena , Bakoev Siroj , Romanets Timofey , Kolosova Maria , Kolosov Anatoly , Bakoev Faridun , Tretiakova Olga , Usatov Alexander , Getmantseva Lyubov
Published: January 2024

Objective: The use of molecular genetic methods in pig breeding can significantly increase the efficiency of breeding and breeding work. We applied the Fst (fixsacion index) method, the main focus of the work was on the search for common options related to the number of born piglets and the weight of born piglets, since today the urgent task is to prevent a decrease in the weight of piglets at birth while maintaining high fertility of sows.Methods: One approach is to scan the genome, followed by an assessment of Fst and identification of selectively selected regions. We chose Large White sows (n = 237) with the same conditions of keeping and feeding. The data were collected from the sows across three farrowing. For genotyping, we used GeneSeek GGP Porcine HD Genomic Profiler v1, which included 68,516 single nucleotide polymorphisms evenly distributed with an average spacing of 25 kb (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA).Results: Based on the results of the Fst analysis, 724 variants representing selection signals for the signs BALWT, BALWT1, NBA, and TNB (weight of piglets born alive, average weight of the 1st piglets born alive, total number born alive, total number born). At the same time, 18 common variants have been identified that are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive characteristics in sows.Conclusion: Оur work resulted in identification of variants associated with the reproductive characteristics of pigs. Moreover, we identified, variants which are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive performance in sows.
Identification of genomic diversity and selection signatures in Luxi cattle using whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Shi Lulu , Yi Wenfeng , Li Feng , Yan Shouqing
Published: January 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and whole-genome selection signatures of Luxi cattle to reveal its genomic characteristics in terms of meat and carcass traits, skeletal muscle development, body size, and other traits.Methods: To further analyze the genomic characteristics of Luxi cattle, this study sequenced the whole-genome of 16 individuals from the core conservation farm in Shandong region, and collected 174 published genomes of cattle for conjoint analysis. Furthermore, three different statistics (pi, Fst, and XP-EHH) were used to detect potential positive selection signatures related to selection in Luxi cattle. Moreover, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to reveal the potential biological function of candidate genes harbored in selected regions.Results: The results showed that Luxi cattle had high genomic diversity and low inbreeding levels. Using three complementary methods (pi, Fst, and XP-EHH) to detect the signatures of selection in the Luxi cattle genome, there were 2,941, 2,221 and 1,304 potentially selected genes identified, respectively. Furthermore, there were 45 genes annotated in common overlapping genomic regions covered 0.723 Mb, including PLAG1 zinc finger (PLAG1), dedicator of cytokinesis 3 (DOCK3), ephrin A2 (EFNA2), DAZ associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit alpha 1 (RALGAPA1), mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), most of which were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth and differentiation and immunity.Conclusion: In this study, we provided a series of genes associated with important economic traits were found in positive selection regions, and a scientific basis for the scientific conservation and genetic improvement of Luxi cattle.
Ten-eleven translocation 1 mediating DNA demethylation regulates the proliferation of chicken primordial germ cells through the activation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Yinglin , Li Ming , Cao Heng , Zhou Jing , Li Fan , Yu Debing , Yu Minli
Published: January 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the regulation relationship of Teneleven translocation 1 (Tet1) in DNA demethylation and the proliferation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in chickens.Methods: siRNA targeting Tet1 was used to transiently knockdown the expression of Tet1 in chicken PGCs, and the genomic DNA methylation status was measured. The proliferation of chicken PGCs was detected by flow cytometry analysis and cell counting kit-8 assay when activation or inhibition of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway. And the level of DNA methylation and hisotne methylation was also tested.Results: Results revealed that knockdown of Tet1 inhibited the proliferation of chicken PGCs and downregulated the mRNA expression of Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), as well as pluripotency-associated genes (Nanog, PouV, and Sox2). Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the population of PGCs in Tet1 knockdown group displayed a significant decrease in the proportion of S and G2 phase cells, which meant that there were less PGCs entered the mitosis process than that of control. Furthermore, Tet1 knockdown delayed the entrance to G1/S phase and this inhibition was rescued by treated with BIO. Consistent with these findings, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inactivated in Tet1 knockdown PGCs, leading to aberrant proliferation. Further analysis showed that the methylation of the whole genome increased significantly after Tet1 downregulation, while hydroxymethylation obviously declined. Meanwhile, the level of H3K27me3 was upregulated and H3K9me2 was downregulated in Tet1 knockdown PGCs, which was achieved by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion: These results suggested that the self-renewal of chicken PGCs and the maintenance of their characteristics were regulated by Tet1 mediating DNA demethylation through the activation of Wnt4/β-catenin signaling pathway.
The role of RNA epigenetic modification-related genes in the immune response of cattle to mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Xing Yue , Tang Yongjie , Chen QuanZhen , Chen Siqian , Li Wenlong , Mi Siyuan , Yu Ying
Published: January 2024

Objective: RNA epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating immune response of mammals. Bovine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a threat to the health of dairy cattle. There are numerous RNA modifications, and how these modification-associated enzymes systematically coordinate their immunomodulatory effects during bovine mastitis is not well reported. Therefore, the role of common RNA modificationrelated genes (RMRGs) in bovine S. aureus mastitis was investigated in this study.Methods: In total, 80 RMRGs were selected for this study. Four public RNA-seq data sets about bovine S. aureus mastitis were collected and one additional RNA-seq data set was generated by this study. Firstly, quantitative trait locus (QTL) database, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) database and differential expression analyses were employed to characterize the potential functions of selected enzyme genes in bovine S. aureus mastitis. Correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to further investigate the relationships of RMRGs from different types at the mRNA expression level. Interference experiments targeting the m6A demethylase FTO and utilizing public MeRIP-seq dataset from bovine Mac-T cells were used to investigate the potential interaction mechanisms among various RNA modifications.Results: Bovine QTL and TWAS database in cattle revealed associations between RMRGs and immune-related complex traits. S. aureus challenged and control groups were effectively distinguished by principal component analysis based on the expression of selected RMRGs. WGCNA and correlation analysis identified modules grouping different RMRGs, with highly correlated mRNA expression. The m6A modification gene FTO showed significant effects on the expression of m6A and other RMRGs (such as NSUN2, CPSF2, and METTLE), indicating complex co-expression relationships among different RNA modifications in the regulation of bovine S. aureus mastitis.Conclusion: RNA epigenetic modification genes play important immunoregulatory roles in bovine S. aureus mastitis, and there are extensive interactions of mRNA expression among different RMRGs. It is necessary to investigate the interactions between RNA modification genes regulating complex traits in the future.
Antioxidant activity and metabolic regulation of sodium salicylate on goat sperm at low temperature
Authors: Shen Wenzheng , Fu Yu , Bai Haiyu , Zhang Zhiyu , Cao Zhikun , Liu Zibo , Yang Chao , Sun Shixin , Wang Lei , Ren Chunhuan , Ling Yinghui , Zhang Zijun , Cao Hongguo
Published: January 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of sodium salicylate (SS) on semen preservation and metabolic regulation in goats.Methods: Under the condition of low temperature, SS was added to goat semen diluent to detect goat sperm motility, plasma membrane, acrosome, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and metabonomics.Results: The results show that at the 8th day of low-temperature storage, the sperm motility of the 20 μM SS group was 66.64%, and the integrity rates of the plasma membrane and acrosome were both above 60%, significantly higher than those of the other groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the sperm of the 20 μM SS group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly lower than those in the control group, the MMP was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the contents of Ca2+ and total cholesterol were significantly higher than those in the control group. Through metabonomics analysis, there were significant metabolic differences between the control group and the 20 μM SS group. Twenty of the most significant metabolic markers were screened, mainly involving five metabolic pathways, of which nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic pathways were the most significant.Conclusion: The results indicate that SS can effectively improve the low-temperature preservation quality of goat sperm.
Development of an index that decreases birth weight, promotes postnatal growth and yet minimizes selection intensity in beef cattle
Authors: Togashi Kenji , Watanabe Toshio , Ogino Atsushi , Shinomiya Masakazu , Kinukawa Masashi , Kurogi Kazuhito , Toda Shohei
Published: January 2024

Objective: The main goal of our current study was to improve the growth curve of meat animals by decreasing the birth weight while achieving a finishing weight that is the same as that before selection but at younger age.Methods: Random regression model was developed to derive various selection indices to achieve desired gains in body weight at target time points throughout the fattening process. We considered absolute and proportional gains at specific ages (in weeks) and for various stages (i.e., early, middle, late) during the fattening process.Results: The point gain index was particularly easy to use because breeders can assign a specific age (in weeks) as a time point and model either the actual weight gain desired or a scaled percentage gain in body weight.Conclusion: The point gain index we developed can achieve the desired weight gain at any given postnatal week of the growing process and is an easy-to-use and practical option for improving the growth curve.
Effects of stocking density on the homeostasis of uric acid and related liver and kidney functions in ducks
Authors: Lin Peiyi , Liufu Sui , Wang Jinhui , Hou Zhanpeng , Liang Yu , Wang Haiyue , Li Bingxin , Cao Nan , Liu Wenjun , Huang Yunmao , Tian Yunbo , Xu Danning , Li Xiujin , Fu Xinliang
Published: January 2024

Objective: Stocking density (SD) is an important issue in the poultry industry, which is related to the production performance, intestinal health and immune status. In the present study, the effects of SD on the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid as well as the related functions of the liver and kidney in ducks were examined.Methods: A total of 360 healthy 56-day-old Shan-ma ducks were randomly divided into the low stocking density (n = 60, density = 5 birds/m2), medium stocking density (n = 120, density = 10 birds/m2) and high stocking density groups (HSD; n = 180, density = 15 birds/m2). Samples were collected in the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks of the experiment for analysis.Results: The serum levels of uric acid, lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were increased significantly in the HSD group. Serious histopathological lesions could be seen in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group in the 9th week. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and related pathway components (toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, and nuclear factor-κB) were increased significantly in both the livers and kidneys in the HSD group. The mRNA expression levels of enzymes (adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1) related to the synthesis of uric acid increased significantly in the livers in the HSD group. However, the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 2 member 9, which plays an important role in the excretion of uric acid by the kidney, was decreased significantly in the kidneys in the HSD group.Conclusion: These results indicated that a higher SD could cause tissue inflammatory lesions in the liver and kidney and subsequently affect the metabolism and homeostasis of uric acid, and is helpful for guiding decisions related to the breeding and production of ducks.
Welfare assessment traits, milk quantity and quality, and profitability of Anatolian buffalo cows confined in closed-tied or semi-open free-stall barns can be affected by supplementary feeding at milking
Authors: Okuyucu İbrahim Cihangir , Akdağ Ahmet , Erdem Hüseyin , Kop-Bozbay Canan , Abacı Samet Hasan , Garipoğlu Ali Vaiz , Hazneci Esin , Ocak Nuh
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of offering (OSF) or not (NSF) supplemental feed at milking on temperament (TS), udder hygiene (UHS) and body condition (BCS) scores, and milk yield per milking (MYM), milk quality traits, and profitability of primiparous Anatolian buffalo cows at 90 days of lactation confined in closed-tied (CB) or semi-open free-stall (OB) barns.Methods: In Experiment I, 108 cows were selected to encompass four treatments (OBOSF, OB-NSF, CB-OSF, and CB-NSF) of 27 cows, considering barn type (OB and CB) and supplementary feed (OSF and NSF) at milking. In Experiment II, 60 OB cows were selected to encompass one of five groups of 12 cows each: i) no supplemental feed (CON), ii) commercial concentrate (CC), iii) CC + corn silage (CCS), iv) CCS + alfalfa hay (CSA), or v) CC + ryegrass silage (CRS) at milking.Results: The TS and UHS of the OB and OSF cows were lower (better) than those of the CB and NSF cows, respectively. The OSF increased milk protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat but decreased milk freezing point and electrical conductivity compared with the NSF. The MYM and milk fat of the OB-OSF cows were higher than those of the OB-NSF and CBNSF cows. The TS and UHS of the cows negatively correlated with MYM and some milk chemicals (fat, protein, and solids-not-fat), but BCS correlated positively. The TS and milk electrical conductivity of the CCS, CSA, and CRS cows were lower than those of the CON and CC cows, but BCS, MYM, and milk fat were higher. Partial budget analysis identified a higher net profit for supplemental feed-offered groups (OB-OSF, CCS, CSA, and CRS).Conclusion: Offering roughage with concentrates at milking for indoor primiparous buffalo cows is more conducive to well-being, milk yield, milk quality, and economy.
Heart rate variability and behavioral alterations during prepartum period in dairy cows as predictors of calving: a preliminary study
Authors: Kojima Tomoki , Huang Chen-Yu , Yayou Ken-ichi
Published: January 2024

Objective: Parturition is crucial for dams, their calves, and cow managers. The prediction of calving time, which assists cow managers to decide on the relocation of cows to maternity pens and necessity of human supervision, is a pivotal aspect of livestock farming. However, existing methods of predicting calving time in dairy cows based on hormonal changes and clinical symptoms are time-consuming and yield unreliable predictions. Accordingly, we investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) which is a non-invasive assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and behavior during the prepartum period would be useful for predicting calving time in dairy cows.Methods: Eight pregnant cows were surveilled under electrocardiogram and video recordings for HRV and behavioral analyses, respectively. HRV parameters in time and frequency domains were evaluated. A 24-h time budget was calculated for each of six types of behavior (standing and lying with or without rumination, sleeping, and eating).Results: Heart rate on calving day is considerably higher than those recorded on the days preceding calving. Low frequency power declined, whereas high frequency power escalated on the calving day compared to the period between 24 and 48 h before calving. The time budget for ruminating while lying decreased and that while standing increased markedly on the calving day compared to those allocated on the preceding days; nonetheless, the total time budget for ruminating did not differ during the prepartum period.Conclusion: We elucidated the ANS activity and behavioral profiles during prepartum period. Our results confirm that HRV parameters and behavior are useful for predicting calving time, and interestingly indicate that the time budget for ruminating while standing (or lying) may serve as a valuable predictor of calving. Collectively, our findings lay the foundation for future investigations to determine other potential predictors and formulate an algorithm for predicting calving time.
Major histocompatibility complex genes exhibit a potential immunological role in mixed Eimeria-infected broiler cecum analyzed using RNA sequencing
Authors: Kim Minjun , Ediriweera Thisarani Kalhari , Cho Eunjin , Chung Yoonji , Manjula Prabuddha , Yu Myunghwan , Macharia John Kariuki , Nam Seonju , Lee Jun Heon
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the differential expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene region in Eimeria-infected broiler.Methods: We profiled gene expression of Eimeria-infected and uninfected ceca of broilers sampled at 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sample groups were identified at each time point. DEGs located on chicken chromosome 16 were used for further analysis. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted for the functional annotation of DEGs.Results: Fourteen significant (false discovery rate <0.1) DEGs were identified at 4 and 7 dpi and categorized into three groups: MHC-Y class I genes, MHC-B region genes, and non-MHC genes. In Eimeria-infected broilers, MHC-Y class I genes were upregulated at 4 dpi but downregulated at 7 dpi. This result implies that MHC-Y class I genes initially activated an immune response, which was then suppressed by Eimeria. Of the MHC-B region genes, the DMB1 gene was upregulated, and TAP-related genes significantly implemented antigen processing for MHC class I at 4 dpi, which was supported by KEGG pathway analysis.Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate MHC gene responses to coccidia infection in chickens using RNA sequencing. MHC-B and MHC-Y genes showed their immune responses in reaction to Eimeria infection. These findings are valuable for understanding chicken MHC gene function.
Estimation of Radiation Dose in Building Materials Used In Federal University Gusau Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Yusuf U. , Fagge A.Y. , Jabaka S.B. , Baju A.I. , Shamsuddeen I. M. , Isah A.B.
Published: January 2024

This study estimated the radiation dose in building materials (sand, cement, and granite) in Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria, through gamma-ray spectrometry system using a Sodium Iodide Thallium activated "NaITl" detector in a low background configuration. The range of the average activity concentration of 226Ra was found to be 56.65±0.75Bqkg-1 to 159.45±2.68Bqkg-1, which was higher than that of the world mean value for soil 35Bqkg-1,for 232Th the range was 46.65±0.45Bqkg-1 to 79.32±1.68Bqkg-1, all the samples, were found to be higher than that of the world mean for soil 30Bqkg-1. While the activity concentrations of 232Th levels of blocks, granite, and sand samples are all above the world range, except the cement which was within the worldwide range 194.84±1.31Bqkg-1 to 656.84±0.76Bqkg-1. The average activity concentration of 40K for cement, sand, and blocks was within the worldwide range, with granite samples slightly higher than the world mean value for soil 400Bqkg-1. The results have been compared with the world mean values of 35, 30, and 400Bqkg-1 specified by the UNSCEAR (2016). Concerning radiological risk to human health, the absorbed gamma dose rate (D) was estimated to be above the world average range of 55nGyh-1; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) were, estimated to be below the permissible limit of 0.07mSvy-1. The values of Raeq, Hex, and Hin for all the samples in the present work are lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370Bqkg-1 and below the limit of unity, respectively.
Stephen David Ousley (1961-2022)
Authors: Hefner Joseph T. , Ousley Barrett Deborah , Ousley Wesley , Richter Gudrun
Published: January 2024

Dr. Steve Ousley—in full, Stephen David Ousley, PhD—American biological anthropologist, data analyst, general contrarian, and well-known beer aficionado, was at the forefront of forensic and biological anthropology. He was a quantitative star in the anthropological universe. On 6 November 2022, Steve succumbed to cancer, leaving behind a legacy of courage and dedication. His impact on the field of biological anthropology will be remembered for generations to come. Colleagues, friends, and family alike will always hold him dear in their hearts, celebrating his accomplishments and the unwavering spirit with which he approached life. Steve’s life and legacy serve as an inspiring reminder of the power of determination, perseverance, and dedication. His contributions to forensic anthropology and his dedication to friends and family exemplify the depth of his character. Although he is no longer with us, his legacy lives on through his work, the lives he touched, and the memories he left behind.
Toll-like receptors in Immunity and inflammation
Authors: Kumar Vijay , H. Stewart IV John
Published: January 2024

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of innate immunity and serve as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs recognize different microbe or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) and death/danger-associated molecular patterns to initiate the pro-inflammatory immune reaction in response to foreign and internal dangers. PRRs, including TLRs, also connects innate immunity to adaptive immunity. Furthermore, TLRs expressed on both innate and adaptive (T and B cells) immune cells regulate their functions. TLRs were first discovered in the common fruit fly or Drosophila melanogaster as genes controlling dorso-ventral body patterning during embryonic development. Immunological and scientific advances have led to the discovery of different TLRs (extra and intracellular) with diverse functions. The present chapter introduces the role of TLRs in immunity and inflammation and their expansion to mammalian reproduction and embryonic development, maintenance of immune homeostasis, health, and disease, specifically neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and cancers.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja pada PT Seltech Utama Palmerah Jakarta Barat
Authors: Ratnanih Pancagaluh , Ratnagung Caturgaluh
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Disiplin kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Seltech Utama. Metode dalam penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif. Metode Analisa data yang digunakan meliputi: Uji Asumsi Klasik (Normalitas, Multikolinearitas, Heteroskedastisitas dan Autokorelasi), Uji Regresi Linear Sederhana dan Berganda, Uji Koefisien Determinasi, Uji T (parsial) & Uji F (simultan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Secara simultan variabel Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan menunjukan diperoleh fhitung sebesar 5,760 > 3,15 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,005 < 0.05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara simultan Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Seltech Utama.
Manfaat Pendampingan Entrepreneurship Usaha Isi Tinta Bagi Pengelola Colorindo Perantau Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Siamto Wahadi , Paeno Paeno , Gandung Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat merupakan salah satu dari penerapan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang dalam pelaksanaannya memberikan kontribusi positif kepada masyarakat. Tujuan PKM ini   “Pendampingan Entrepreneurship Bagi Pengelola Paguyuban Perantau Argapuri di Kota Tangerang Selatan “. Metode yang digunakan berupa workshop atau pelatihan. Hasil pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) berlangsung dengan sangat baik dan seluruh peserta yang hadir dipastikan mendapatkan pemahaman materi dengan maksimal. Selanjutnya pada akhir sesi pelatihan peserta diberikan juga praktek sederhana guna menunjang kemampuan tekni isi tinta yang ideal dan pengelolaan SDM. Selanjutnya sebagai penyempurnaan dan memastikan kemampuan peserta dalam menerapkan materi secara maksimal, akan dilakukan tahapan evaluasi secara berkala dari tim dosen dan praktisi anggota PKM.
Pendampingan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Program Pengembangan Urban di Jabodetabek
Authors: Prabowo Budhi , Gandung Muhammad , Suryani Lilis
Published: January 2024

Paguyuban Perantau Argapuri adalah salah satu komunitas sosial yang ada di masyarakat Jabodetabek. Pergerakan paguyuban ini dapat ditingkatkan lagi dengan memberikan pendampingan berupa pelatihan dan penambahan pengembangan kapasitas. Salah satu pendampingan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan  pelatihan  seputar  pemanfaatan  teknologi  informasi.  Dengan adanya pengetahuan dan wawasan keterampilan yang memadai kelak menjadi bekal untuk dapat bermetamorfosis menjadi pribadi mandiri yang tidak hanya dapat berguna bagi dirinya, namun juga mampu memberikan kemaslahatan bagi masyarakat dan alam semesta selepas dari kehidupan di Paguyuban Perantau Argapuri. Kegiatan  pengabdian  kepada  masyarakat  berfokus pada pelatihan  desain  grafis  kepada anggota  paguyuban  perantau Argapuri.  Pelatihan  ini  diharapkan  dapat  memberikan  nilai  tambah  bagi perkembangan   paguyuban perantau Argapuri.   Supaya   agenda   pemanfaatan   teknologi   informasi   dapat   berjalan berkelanjutan  di  paguyuban  perantau Argapuri  serta  memberikan  dampak  yang  signifikan.
Pendampingan E-Marketing Bagi Pengelola Perantau di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Ratnasih Panca Galuh , Hartuti Elizabeth Tika Kristina , Ratnagung Catur Galuh
Published: January 2024

Pelaksanaan PKM ini mengambil judul “Pendampingan Manfaat E-marketing Dalam Kewirausahaan Di Paguyuban Perantau Argapuri Di Kota Tangerang Selatan”.  Dalam paguyuban ini banyak anggota yang memiliki usaha kecil tetapi  masih memerlukan pengelolaan wirausaha yang lebih baik dalam berbisnis dan belum memanfaatkan kewirausahaan dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah workshop atau pelatihan dengan terlebih dahulu tahapan dilakukan observasi untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang muncul pada lokasi pengabdian. Materi pelatihan yang diberikan yaitu pemahaman mendalam tentang e-marketing dalam pemasaran berbasis internet pada usaha kecil yang sudah dirintis sekaligus materi tentang dasar-dasar wirausaha serta penguatan konsep dasar kewirausahaan. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) berjalan dengan sangat baik dan seluruh peserta mendapatkan pemahaman materi dengan cukup baik. Pada akhir sesi peserta diberikan juga praktek sederhana penunjang kemampuan kewirausahaan pada usaha kecil yang sudah berjalan. Pada akhir kegiatan akan dilakukan tahapan evaluasi secara berkala dari tim dosen dan praktisi pengajar PKM.
Menuju Ruang Publik : Pelatihan Penulisan Opini bagi Mahasiswa
Authors: Bambang Suprianto  , Abdurrahman Arif
Published: January 2024

Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini guna memberikan solusi kepada mahasiswa dalam menjawab persoalan mengenai penulisan opini dan untuk membekali mahasiswa dengan keterampilan menulis opini yang baik dan benar. Sasaran kegiatan ini yaitu Mahasiswa Administrasi Negara semester IV dan semester VI di STISIPOL Candradimuka Palembang. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan yang diselenggarakan secara offline yang diikuti sebanyak 25 peserta. Pelatihan dasar penulisan opini ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas mahasiswa dan meningkatkan kualitas hasil tulisan mahasiswa. Evaluasi dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan pre-test dan post-test dan hasil yang didapati dari pelatihan ini bahwa dengan adanya pelatihan memberikan sumbangsih peningkatan kemampuan dan pengetahuan peserta (naik sebesar 30% dari semula 60% menjadi 90%). Diharapkan setelah mengikuti Pelatihan penulisan opini ini, peserta dapat tampil percaya diri dengan kemampuan menulis yang telah dimiliki dan menguasai teknik-teknik dasar penulisan opini agar dapat menghasilkan kualitas tulisan yang baik..
Mengedukasi Kepada Masyarakat Pentingnya Hukum untuk Menghindari Kekerasan Anak di Bawah Umur
Authors: Sugiarto Agus , Euis Susanti Neneng
Published: January 2024

Kekerasan anak, adalah kekerasan terhadap anak atau anak yang menjadi korban, dan/atau kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh anak kepada anak lainnya. Kekerasan anak ini akhir-akhir ini menjadi tren yang sangat mengkhawatirkan karena grafiknya terus meningkat. Tujuan penulisan masalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Ketentuan batasan dibawah umur berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan; (2) Yang dimaksud dengan Kekerasan Anak. Disimpulkan: 1) Pengertian anak menurut peraturan perundang-undangan begitu juga menurut para pakar. Namun tidak ada keseragaman mengenai pengertian anak tersebut, semuanya didasarkan kepada kebutuhan dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang diundangkan, namun secara umum pada dasarnya yang dimaksud dengan anak adalah anak yang masih dalam kandungan hingga anak berusia 18 (delapan belas tahun). 2) Kekerasan anak adalah kekerasan terhadap anak baik sebagai pelaku maupun sebagai korban, kekerasan yang dilakukan terhadap anak merupakan suatu kejahatan yang melanggar suatu peraturan perundang-undangan. Kekerasan terhadap anak dibagi menjadi 4 bentuk, yaitu kekerasan fisik (physical abuse), kekerasan psikis (psychological abuse), kekerasan emosional (emotional abuse), dan kekerasan sosial (social abuse). Dikemukakan saran: 1) Kekerasan terhadap anak hendaknya tidak dilakukan oleh siapapun, dan masyarakat termasuk desa/kelurahan hendaknya menjadikan lingkungan masyarakatnya menjadi lingkungan yang ramah terhadap anak dan menghindarkan anak menjdi korban dari segala kekerasan, 2) Hendaknya Kepala Desa dapat merintis untuk menjadikan desa yang dipimpinnya sebagai “Desa Ramah Anak” yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak dan tidak memberikan stigma negative terhadap anak.
Description of Characteristics of Typhoid Fever Sufferers in Children Aged 5-14 Years at RSU Royal Prima Medan for the Period August 2022-February 2023
Authors: Dhawy Dermawan Dzaky , Fadillah Qori , Budi Andre
Published: January 2024

Infectious diseases are still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. One of the infectious diseases is typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is an acute infection of the small intestine with symptoms of fever lasting more than one week, which can cause digestive disorders and reduce the level of consciousness. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of typhoid fever sufferers in children aged 5-14 years at RSU Royal Prima Medan from August 2022 - February 2023. The type of research used in this research is a qualitative description with a cross-sectional design. The population used was 46 medical records of typhoid fever sufferers in children aged 5-14 years at RSU Royal Prima Medan from August 2022 - February 2023. The sampling technique used in this research used total sampling, while the number of samples used was 46 records. Medical treatment for typhoid fever patients. Data analysis uses univariate analysis. The results of the study showed that the number of typhoid fever sufferers in children aged 5-14 years at RSU Royal Prima Medan from August 2022 – February 2023 was 46 children, 27 of the sufferers were predominantly male while 19 were female. All typhoid fever sufferers in this study experienced accompanying symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; only five typhoid fever sufferers, or 10.9%, were accompanied by additional accompanying symptoms in the form of abdominal pain. Normal body weight in male patients was 19 patients, and abnormal body weight was eight patients. Normal body weight in female patients was eight patients, and abnormal body weight was 11 patients. All typhoid fever sufferers received RL and NaCL therapy, only 11 sufferers received additional Cefixime therapy, and only 32 sufferers received additional Cefriaxone therapy. August 2022 – February 2023 is > 3 days.
Logic for the Field of Battle
Authors: Tsai Cheng-chih ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2024

The truth table method, natural deduction, and the truth tree method, the three validity proving methods standardly taught in an introductory logic course, are too clumsy for the battlefield of real-life. The “short truth table” test is handy at times, but it stumbles at many other times. In this paper, we set up a general method that can beat all the methods mentioned above in a contest of speed. Furthermore, the procedure can be step-by-step paraphrased in a natural language, so that, unlike the other methods, a real-life logical problem can be analyzed and explained in a real-life language too.
Examining Monuments
Authors: Scarbrough Elizabeth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2024

How can philosophers incorporate the Digital Humanities into their classrooms? And why should they? In this paper, I explore answers to these questions as I detail what I have dubbed “The Monuments Project'' and describe how this project engages with Digital Humanities and teaches students to connect theoretical philosophical concepts with their lives. Briefly, the Monuments Project asks students to apply concepts discussed in our philosophy class (in my case, a Global Aesthetics class) with a monument in their environment. Instead of a traditional paper, students upload MP3s of their observations, pictures and/or drawings of the monument, and text-based responses. The goal of the Monument Project is twofold: to get students to connect what they have learned to a sense of place - the place where they live, and to introduce them to the Digital Humanities.
Pengaruh Fear of Missing Out ( FOMO ) terhadap Implusive Buying Saham pada Generasi Z
Authors: Saputra Ihksan , Aulia Prima
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of fear of missing out (fomo) on impulsive  buying stock in generation z. This research uses qualitative methods with a correlational qualitative design. The data collection technique uses purposive sampling. The sample in this study was 272 respondents. This research instrument uses a fear of missing out (fomo) scale which is structured based on the fear of missing out (fomo) aspects according to Sette et al. (2020), as well as an impulsive buying scale based on aspects developed by Verplanken & Herabadi (2001). The results of the analysis used simple linear regression analysis and the results showed that fear of missing out (fomo) had a positive and significant effect on impulsive stock buying in generation z.
Pelaksanaan Reformasi Birokrasi dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia di Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Kota Padang
Authors: Nurmasari Hizkia Putri , Jumiati Jumiati
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the implementation of bureaucratic reform in human resource development at the The Youth and Sports Service of the city of Padang. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, in determining informants the researcher used a purposive sampling method. Data collection techniques are carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. From the research results, it can be seen that the implementation of bureaucratic reform in human resource development at the Padang City Youth and Sports Service has gone well. However, it can also be noted that employee skills and expertise are still inadequate, therefore explaining how important it is to provide training for State Civil Apparatus for agencies that need it. The Padang City Youth and Sports Service has carried out bureaucratic reform in the aspect of human resource reform. Human resource development through (1) employee recruitment such as employee recruitment (2) competency-based employee development such as job descriptions for structural and non-structural employees, employee job grading, employee position competency document standards, employee position competency profile maps and training (3) assessment of individual employee performance through employee work targets (SKP) (4) development of a personnel information system through an employee data base. However, in the process of implementing bureaucratic reform in developing human resources at the Padang City Youth and Sports Department, there are obstacles, namely the position placement is not in accordance with the level of education, there is still a lack of adequate infrastructure, there is still a lack of provision of inadequate training for civil servant from the regional government. local. One of the efforts made by the Padang City Youth and Sports Department is to collaborate with the regional government and provide training for civil servant.