bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Jurassic source rocks and oil and gas exploration direction in the piedmont zone between the south‐western Qaidam Basin and Altun Mountain
Authors: Zeng Xu , Wang Bo , Cao Qian , Wang Aiming , Jia Peng , Zhang Pei , Qiao Bohan
Published: June 2022

The Jurassic petroleum system in the piedmont zone between Qaidam Basin and Altun Mountain is rich in oil and gas resources. Based on the sedimentary environment, geochemical analysis, and distribution prediction of the Middle–Lower Jurassic source rocks in the piedmont zone between the south‐western Qaidam Basin and Altun tage region, the Jurassic oil and gas exploration potential in the area was systematically evaluated. The Jurassic source rocks in the study area are mainly coal, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone developed in the Lower Jurassic fan delta facies, as well as, oil shale, and mudstone in the Middle Jurassic of lacustrine facies, and coal measure strata of braided river delta facies. The thickness of Middle Jurassic source rocks is relatively thicker. Through restoration and weathered source rock samples analysis, the average TOC of the Middle Jurassic source rocks in the area can reach 4.19%, and the average chloroform bitumen “A” is 0.5915%, meeting the criteria for a good source stone. Every index is close to the Yuka Jurassic source rock, the highest quality found in the basin so far. At the same time, the distribution range of Jurassic source rocks in the study area is meticulously described through seismic facies identification and prediction analysis. Several Jurassic hydrocarbon generating centers in the area, such as Honggouzi ‐ Yueyashan, Nanyishan ‐ Xiaoliangshan, Pingxi, and Dafengshan, with thicknesses ranging from 200 to 400 m, indicating that the Jurassic source rocks have the material basis for large oil and gas fields formation.
The prospect and challenges of sodium‐ion batteries for low‐temperature conditions
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Qianchen , Ding Xiangyu , Wang Yingshuai , Xin Yuhang , Singh Preetam , Wu Feng , Gao Hongcai
Published: June 2022

In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of the natural abundance of raw materials and the possibility of low cost, which can alleviate the concerns of the limited lithium resources and the increasing cost of lithium‐ion batteries. With the growing demand for reliable electric energy storage devices, requirements have been proposed to further increase the comprehensive performance of SIBs. Especially, the low‐temperature tolerance has become an urgent technical obstacle in the practical application of SIBs, because the low operating temperature will lead to sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics and unstable interfacial reactions, which will deteriorate the performance and even cause safety issues. On the basis of the charge‐storage mechanism of SIBs, optimization of the composition and structure of electrolyte and electrode materials is crucial to building SIBs with high performance at low temperatures. In this review, the recent research progress and challenges were systematically summarized in terms of electrolytes and cathode and anode materials for SIBs operating at low temperatures. The typical full‐cell configurations of SIBs at low temperatures were introduced to shed light on the fundamental research and the exploitation of SIBs with high performance for practical applications.
Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Tong , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Ang Edison Huixiang , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Wu Xing‐Long , Liu Yichun
Published: June 2022

The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market and promise to spawn a giant recycling system. Nonetheless, since the lack of unified guiding standard and nontraceability, the recycling of end‐of‐life LIBs has fallen into the dilemma of low recycling rate, poor recycling efficiency, and insignificant benefits. Herein, tapping into summarizing and analyzing the current status and challenges of recycling LIBs, this outlook provides insights for the future course of full lifecycle management of LIBs, proposing gradient utilization and recycling‐target predesign strategy. Further, we acknowledge some recommendations for recycling waste LIBs and anticipate a collaborative effort to advance sustainable and reliable recycling routes.
Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and risk of breast cancer in situ in the United Kingdom Biobank
Authors: Karavasiloglou Nena , Pestoni Giulia , Kühn Tilman , Rohrmann Sabine
Published: June 2022

A health‐conscious lifestyle may protect against breast cancer in situ. However, breast cancer in situ is mainly detected by screening, and many studies lack information on screening participation. Thus, we evaluated the association between prediagnostic lifestyle and risk of breast cancer in situ, accounting for screening participation at recruitment. A score reflecting the adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations was constructed, using the recommendations on healthy body weight, physical activity, consumption of plant‐based foods, red and processed meat, alcohol and avoidance of sugar. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between the lifestyle score and breast cancer in situ risk, while accounting for important confounders. The lifestyle score was not significantly associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91‐1.03) in the overall cohort. In participants not reporting dietary changes in the past 5 years, the lifestyle score was inversely associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85‐0.99). In those reporting dietary changes in the past 5 years due to illness or other reasons, the lifestyle score was not associated with breast cancer in situ risk (HRcontinuous = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.94‐1.15). Lifestyle was inversely associated with breast cancer in situ risk in women not reporting recent changes in their dietary habits. This inverse association is consistent with inverse associations reported in previous studies. Our findings suggest that breast cancer in situ and invasive breast cancer share a similar risk factor profile.
Interactions Between Peptide Assemblies and Proteins for Medicine
Authors: Mañas‐Torres Mari C. , Illescas‐Lopez Sara , Gavira José A. , de Cienfuegos Luis Álvarez , Marchesan Silvia
Published: June 2022

Peptide assembly is attractive not only to develop biotechnological tools and smart nanomaterials, but also to treat pathologies in new ways. This Review focuses on recent progress made in the exciting area pertaining the interaction between peptide assemblies and proteins. Earlier works aimed to identify proteins able to bind peptide assemblies for therapeutics’ delivery and biocompatible scaffolds. Recent advancements cover more applications that go beyond tissue regeneration and biomaterials. On one hand, self‐assembling peptides interacting with proteins can inhibit pathological amyloid fibrillation, or boost the immune response to vaccines. On the other, they have been exploited to promote protein crystallization, also for therapeutics’ delivery. As research advances in this exciting area, it opens the way towards a qualitative leap in the clinical translation of supramolecular medicinal chemistry to creatively tackle unmet challenges of modern disease treatment and prevention.
Dynamics, gene transfer, and ecological function of intracellular and extracellular DNA in environmental microbiome
Authors: Ye Mao , Zhang Zhongyun , Sun Mingming , Shi Yu
Published: June 2022

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) extensively exist in both terrestrial and aquatic environment systems and have been found to play a significant role in the nutrient cycling and genetic information transmission between the environment and microorganisms. As inert DNA sequences, eDNA is able to present stability in the environment from the ribosome enzyme lysis, therein acting as the historical genetic information archive of the microbiome. As a consequence, both eDNA and iDNA can shed light on the functional gene variety and the corresponding microbial activity. In addition, eDNA is a ubiquitous composition of the cell membrane, which exerts a great impact on the resistance of outer stress from environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals, antibiotics, pesticides, and so on. This study focuses on the environmental dynamics and the ecological functions of the eDNA and iDNA from the perspectives of environmental behavior, genetic information transmission, resistance to the environmental contaminants, and so on. By reviewing the status quo and the future vista of the e/iDNAs research, this article sheds light on exploring the ecological functioning of the e/iDNAs in the environmental microbiome.
OGG1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting cell cycle‐related protein expression and enhancing DNA oxidative damage repair in tumor cells
Authors: Zhang He , Jiang Peng‐jun , Lv Meng‐yuan , Zhao Yan‐hua , Cui Ju , Chen Jie
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to analyze the expression of 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effect on prognosis by bioinformatics techniques and to determine its possible carcinogenic mechanism through data mining.

Methods

The difference in OGG1 expression between healthy people and HCC patients was searched and analyzed by TCGA and GEO databases, and the effect of OGG1 on prognosis was judged by survival analysis. Meanwhile, the possible molecular mechanism of OGG1 in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC was explored by GO analysis, KEGG analysis, immune infiltration analysis, protein–protein interaction network, promoter methylation analysis, and so forth. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine the gene expression in 36 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent tissues.

Results

The expression of OGG1 in HCC patients was higher than that in healthy people, and the overexpression of OGG1 might stimulate cell proliferation by increasing the activity of cell cycle‐related proteins.

Conclusion

The alteration of OGG1 was significantly correlated with the tumorigenesis and development of HCC. OGG1 is expected to be a new biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of HCC and a new target for the treatment of HCC.
Mass spectrometry methods for analysis of extracellular matrix components in neurological diseases
Authors: Downs Margaret , Zaia Joseph , Sethi Manveen K.
Published: June 2022

The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly glycosylated environment and plays important roles in many processes including cell communication, growth factor binding, and scaffolding. The formation of structures such as perineuronal nets (PNNs) is critical in neuroprotection and neural plasticity, and the formation of molecular networks is dependent in part on glycans. The ECM is also implicated in the neuropathophysiology of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Schizophrenia (SZ). As such, it is of interest to understand both the proteomic and glycomic makeup of healthy and diseased brain ECM. Further, there is a growing need for site‐specific glycoproteomic information. Over the past decade, sample preparation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic methods have been developed and refined to provide comprehensive information about the glycoproteome. Core ECM molecules including versican, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins, and tenascin are dysregulated in AD, PD, and SZ. Glycomic changes such as differential sialylation, sulfation, and branching are also associated with neurodegeneration. A more thorough understanding of the ECM and its proteomic, glycomic, and glycoproteomic changes in brain diseases may provide pathways to new therapeutic options.
Neuroimaging Correlates of Cognitive Deficits in Wilson's Disease
Authors: Shribman Samuel , Burrows Maggie , Convery Rhian , Bocchetta Martina , Sudre Carole H. , Acosta‐Cabronero Julio , Thomas David L. , Gillett Godfrey T. , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. , Bandmann Oliver , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warner Thomas T.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cognitive impairment is common in neurological presentations of Wilson's disease (WD). Various domains can be affected, and subclinical deficits have been reported in patients with hepatic presentations. Associations with imaging abnormalities have not been systematically tested.

Objective

The aim was to determine the neuroanatomical basis for cognitive deficits in WD.

Methods

We performed a 16‐item neuropsychological test battery and magnetic resonance brain imaging in 40 patients with WD. The scores for each test were compared between patients with neurological and hepatic presentations and with normative data. Associations with Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale neurological examination subscores were examined. Quantitative, whole‐brain, multimodal imaging analyses were used to identify associations with neuroimaging abnormalities in chronically treated stable patients.

Results

Abstract reasoning, executive function, processing speed, calculation, and visuospatial function scores were lower in patients with neurological presentations than in those with hepatic presentations and correlated with neurological examination subscores. Deficits in abstract reasoning and phonemic fluency were associated with lower putamen volumes even after controlling for neurological severity. About half of patients with hepatic presentations had poor performance in memory for faces, cognitive flexibility, or associative learning relative to normative data. These deficits were associated with widespread cortical atrophy and/or white matter diffusion abnormalities.

Conclusions

Subtle cognitive deficits in patients with seemingly hepatic presentations represent a distinct neurological phenotype associated with diffuse cortical and white matter pathology. This may precede the classical neurological phenotype characterized by movement disorders and executive dysfunction and be associated with basal ganglia damage. A binary phenotypic classification for WD may no longer be appropriate. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Norm and essential norm of an integral‐type operator from the logarithmic Bloch space to the Bloch‐type space on the unit ball
Authors: Stević Stevo
Published: June 2022

We calculate norm and essential norm of an integral‐type operator from the logarithmic Bloch space and the little logarithmic Bloch space to Bloch‐type spaces on the unit ball of . We show that there is a one‐parameter class of equivalent norms on the logarithmic Bloch space for which the norms can be calculated.
An Operative Electrostatic Slipping Mechanism along Macrocycle Flexibility Accelerates Guest Sliding during pseudo‐Rotaxane Formation
Authors: Catalán Aldo C. , Loredo Axel A. , Cervantes Ruy , Tiburcio Jorge
Published: June 2022

A pseudo‐rotaxane is a host−guest complex composed of a linear molecule encircled by a macrocyclic ring. These complexes can be assembled by sliding the host over the guest terminal groups. If there is a close match between the molecular volume of the flanking groups on the guest and the cavity size of the macrocycle, the slipping might occur slowly or even become completely hindered. We have previously shown that it is possible to overcome the restraints imposed by steric effects on the sliding process by integrating electrostatic attractive interactions during the slipping step. In this work, we extend our electrostatically assisted slipping approach (EASA) to a new host−guest system featuring a flexible macrocyclic ring and a series of asymmetric guests containing a cyclic tertiary ammonium group. Compelling evidence for pseudo‐rotaxane formation is presented, along with thermodynamic and kinetic data. Experimental results suggests that the higher conformational flexibility of 24‐crown‐8 significantly increases the sliding rate, compared with the more rigid dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8, without affecting complex stability. Furthermore, by combining the EASA and macrocycle flexibility, we were capable to slip a large eight‐membered cyclic group across the 24‐crown‐8 annulus, setting a new limit on the ring molecular size that can pass through a 24‐membered crown ether.
Effects of graphene nanoparticles with organic wood particles: A synergistic effect on the structural, physical, thermal, and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites
Authors: Saha Abir , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2022

Development of sustainable and lighter‐weight materials with low or zero carbon footprint is the major research field in 21st century. The current research has been focused on the development of hybrid composite materials from organic wood particles and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) along with epoxy resin as matrix material. A constant 5% weight percentage of wood particles has been maintained, while GNPs weight percentages have been varied from 0% to 1% by weight with an equal interval of 0.25. The effects of GNPs addition on wood particle reinforced epoxy composite have been examined by performing different structural, physical, mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical testings. The addition of GNPs up to 0.75% resulted in the increment of 28% hardness, 42.04% tensile strength, 34.24% flexural strength, 22.47% impact strength, and 16.3% fracture toughness, and 129.61% conductivity compared with wood composites (GPC‐0.0). Similar observations have been observed for dynamic mechanical analysis where, the GPC‐0.75 composites recorded maximum storage modulus (2.54 GPa), viscous modulus (0.27 GPa), and glass transition temperature (97°C). Further increments of graphene percentage (GPC‐1.0) resulted in agglomeration between particles and revealed decrements properties. The structural analysis of wood particles and GNPs have been examined with X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The developed composites showed better interfacial bonds between matrix and reinforcements that reduce the void and moisture contents as well as improved the fracture behavior. Therefore, these filter‐hybrid composites may be used for energy harvesting, solar cells, electronic gadgets, sensor, and heating equipment.
A map of the spatial distribution and tumour‐associated macrophage states in glioblastoma and grade 4 IDH‐mutant astrocytoma
Authors: Yin Wen , Ping Yi‐Fang , Li Fei , Lv Sheng‐Qing , Zhang Xiao‐Ning , Li Xue‐Gang , Guo Ying , Liu Qing , Li Tian‐Ran , Yang Liu‐Qing , Yang Kai‐Di , Liu Yu‐Qi , Luo Chun‐Hua , Luo Tao , Wang Wen‐Ying , Mao Min , Luo Min , He Zhi‐Cheng , Cao Mian‐Fu , Chen Cong , Miao Jing‐Ya , Zeng Hui , Wang Chao , Zhou Lei , Yang Ying , Yang Xi , Wang Qiang‐Hu , Feng Hua , Shi Yu , Bian Xiu‐Wu
Published: June 2022

Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) abundantly infiltrate high‐grade gliomas and orchestrate immune response, but their diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)‐differential grade 4 gliomas remains largely unknown. This study aimed to dissect the transcriptional states, spatial distribution, and clinicopathological significance of distinct monocyte‐derived TAM (Mo‐TAM) and microglia‐derived TAM (Mg‐TAM) clusters across glioblastoma‐IDH‐wild type and astrocytoma‐IDH‐mutant‐grade 4 (Astro‐IDH‐mut‐G4). Single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed on four cases of human glioblastoma and three cases of Astro‐IDH‐mut‐G4. Cell clustering, single‐cell regulatory network inference, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to characterize the functional states of myeloid clusters. The spatial distribution of TAM subsets was determined in human glioma tissues using multiplex immunostaining. The prognostic value of different TAM‐cluster specific gene sets was evaluated in the TCGA glioma cohort. Profiling and unbiased clustering of 24,227 myeloid cells from glioblastoma and Astro‐IDH‐mut‐G4 identified nine myeloid cell clusters including monocytes, six Mo/Mg‐TAM subsets, dendritic cells, and proliferative myeloid clusters. Different Mo/Mg‐TAM clusters manifest functional and transcriptional diversity controlled by specific regulons. Multiplex immunostaining of subset‐specific markers identified spatial enrichment of distinct TAM clusters at peri‐vascular/necrotic areas in tumour parenchyma or at the tumour–brain interface. Glioblastoma harboured a substantially higher number of monocytes and Mo‐TAM‐inflammatory clusters, whereas Astro‐IDH‐mut‐G4 had a higher proportion of TAM subsets mediating antigen presentation. Glioblastomas with a higher proportion of monocytes exhibited a mesenchymal signature, increased angiogenesis, and worse patient outcome. Our findings provide insight into myeloid cell diversity and its clinical relevance in IDH‐differential grade 4 gliomas, and may serve as a resource for immunotherapy development. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Effect of aluminosilicate nanoclay on polyester composites' static and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Seetharaman Arulmurugan , Narayanan Venkateshwaran
Published: June 2022

In this research, the effect of the addition of aluminosilicate (bentonite) nanoclay powder on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical behavior of polyester composites was investigated. Nanoclay laminates were fabricated in four different combinations, and the effect of nanofiller addition on the mechanical behaviors has been tested under ASTM Standards. The nanoclay and polyester resin were mixed using the ultrasonication process. Due to the enhanced interface between nanoclay and polyester, the flexural, tensile, and impact characteristics of laminates were boosted by clay addition. The loss modulus, storage modulus, and tan δ of the specimen were studied as a function of temperature and frequency of oscillation using a dynamic mechanical analyzer, and it was discovered that the addition of 5 wt% bentonite clay provided better strength and had the highest storage modulus than the other laminates. A morphology analysis was done on the fractured specimens through the scanning electron microscopy.
Screening for musculoskeletal system malformations and birth injuries in newborns: Results of a screening program in two hospitals in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Xiong Zhu , Zhao Zhenhui , Deng Hansheng , Qiu Xin , Li Weiqing , Chen Xiaodi , Tang Yu , Han Shuai , Zhao Jiaxin , Cai Ting , Liu Xian , Zeng Shuaidan , Tang Shengping
Published: June 2022

Importance

There are a variety of musculoskeletal malformations and injuries that can occur in newborns. These can be a significant cause of perinatal death or a reason for miscarriage and can lead to long‐term functional issues if not managed appropriately. There is no systematic and well‐established screening program for neonatal musculoskeletal malformations and injuries in China now.

Objective

To report the incidence and types of congenital musculoskeletal malformations in two hospitals in Shenzhen City, to explore and discuss the details of the screening procedure and improve future prevention and treatment.

Methods

From October 2013 to May 2014, 2564 one‐day‐old newborns were screened by a pediatric orthopedic physical examination, in combination with ultrasonography when required, and the incidence and variety of diseases were recorded statistically.

Results

Among 2564 screened newborns, the following musculoskeletal conditions were identified: congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) (seven cases, 0.27%), hip subluxation (four cases, 0.16%), hip dysplasia (47 cases, 1.83%), congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) (two cases, 0.08%), congenital talipes calcaneovalgus (15 cases, 0.58%), polydactyly (nine cases, 0.35%), syndactyly (one case, 0.04%), and spinal hemivertebra (one case, 0.04%). Additionally, there were five (0.19%) neonates with birth injuries.

Interpretation

It is feasible to carry out neonatal screening and identification of musculoskeletal malformations and birth injuries in China. This is helpful as timely detection and early intervention for many of these conditions can avoid permanent functional impairment in these children.
Immigrants, deviants, and drug users: A rhetorical analysis of President Trump's fear‐driven tweets during the 2019 government shutdown
Authors: Bustinza Monica A. , Witkowski Kaila
Published: June 2022

Social media platforms are widely used by numerous political officials to quickly disseminate information and/or obtain influence. Yet, little emphasis has been placed on analyzinghowthe dissemination of contentious messages is propagated using these e‐platforms. The purpose of this study is to examine President Donald J. Trump's political rhetoric about immigration policies during the 2018–2019 government shutdown. In doing so, we qualitatively coded 1411 of Trump's tweets from October 1, 2018, to February 5, 2019, for the presence of fear‐consistent appraisals and applied quantitative content analysis techniques to analyze the coded tweets. This study highlights the President's use of fear‐inducing rhetoric to garner political support and negatively target vulnerable groups by questioning America's ability to cope with immigration. Moreover, the results highlight the responsibility of policymakers in discussing vulnerable populations.
A unified statistical potential reveals that amino acid stickiness governs nonspecific recruitment of client proteins into condensates
Authors: Villegas José A. , Levy Emmanuel D.
Published: June 2022

Membraneless organelles are cellular compartments that form by liquid–liquid phase separation of one or more components. Other molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, will distribute between the cytoplasm and the liquid compartment in accordance with the thermodynamic drive to lower the free energy of the system. The resulting distribution colocalizes molecular species to carry out a diversity of functions. Two factors could drive this partitioning: the difference in solvation between the dilute versus dense phase and intermolecular interactions between the client and scaffold proteins. Here, we develop a set of knowledge‐based potentials that allow for the direct comparison between stickiness, which is dominated by desolvation energy, and pairwise residue contact propensity terms. We use these scales to examine experimental data from two systems: protein cargo dissolving within phase‐separated droplets made from FG repeat proteins of the nuclear pore complex and client proteins dissolving within phase‐separated FUS droplets. These analyses reveal a close agreement between the stickiness of the client proteins and the experimentally determined values of the partition coefficients (R > 0.9), while pairwise residue contact propensities between client and scaffold show weaker correlations. Hence, the stickiness of client proteins is sufficient to explain their differential partitioning within these two phase‐separated systems without taking into account the composition of the condensate. This result implies that selective trafficking of client proteins to distinct membraneless organelles requires recognition elements beyond the client sequence composition.

Statement

Empirical potentials for amino acid stickiness and pairwise residue contact propensities are derived. These scales are unique in that they enable direct comparison of desolvation versus contact terms. We find that partitioning of a client protein to a condensate is best explained by amino acid stickiness.
Chiral Quantum Optics and Optical Nonreciprocity Based on Susceptibility‐Momentum Locking
Authors: Tang Lei , Tang Jiang‐shan , Xia Keyu
Published: June 2022

The progress in chiral light–matter interaction in the quantum regime leads to emergence of chiral quantum optics and quantum nonreciprocity. Spin‐momentum locking is at the heart of chiral quantum optics. In this short review, the basic knowledge of optical nonreciprocity and susceptibility‐momentum locking (SML) is introduced as a novel mechanism for conducting chiral quantum optics. Various approaches achieving optical nonreciprocity based on SML are also reviewed. A perspective regarding the challenges in this direction will also be provided.
Global stabilization via output feedback of stochastic nonlinear time‐delay systems with time‐varying measurement error: A Lyapunov–Razumikhin approach
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhu Quanxin
Published: June 2022

The output feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems in lower‐triangular form is discussed. The key feature of the studied systems is that both of time‐delay factors and sensor measurement error are considered into system modeling. To handle these uncertainties in unmeasured states, a form of full‐order state observer is introduced to rebuild the states of the systems. By developing a simple but efficient control scheme, a linear output feedback controller coupled with two different static gains is designed to stabilize the whole system. In contrast to the conventional Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, a framework of stability analysis based on Lyapunov–Razumikhin function is proposed for the closed‐loop stochastic system. The advantage of the proposed method lies in the superior capability of tackling various types of time delays. Specially, the time derivatives of time‐delay terms can be no less than 1, or even unbounded. Finally, two examples are shown to validate our theoretical results.
Electromechanical Photophysics of GFP Packed Inside Viral Protein Cages Probed by Force‐Fluorescence Hybrid Single‐Molecule Microscopy
Authors: Strobl Klara , Selivanovitch Ekaterina , Ibáñez‐Freire Pablo , Moreno‐Madrid Francisco , Schaap Iwan A. T. , Delgado‐Buscalioni Rafael , Douglas Trevor , de Pablo Pedro J.
Published: June 2022

Packing biomolecules inside virus capsids has opened new avenues for the study of molecular function in confined environments. These systems not only mimic the highly crowded conditions in nature, but also allow their manipulation at the nanoscale for technological applications. Here, green fluorescent proteins are packed in virus‐like particles derived from P22 bacteriophage procapsids. The authors explore individual virus cages to monitor their emission signal with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy while simultaneously changing the microenvironment with the stylus of atomic force microscopy. The mechanical and electronic quenching can be decoupled by ≈10% each using insulator and conductive tips, respectively. While with conductive tips the fluorescence quenches and recovers regardless of the structural integrity of the capsid, with the insulator tips quenching only occurs if the green fluorescent proteins remain organized inside the capsid. The electronic quenching is associated with the coupling of the protein fluorescence emission with the tip surface plasmon resonance. In turn, the mechanical quenching is a consequence of the unfolding of the aggregated proteins during the mechanical disruption of the capsid.
Graphene Via Contact Architecture for Vertical Integration of vdW Heterostructure Devices
Authors: Shin Yongjun , Kwon Junyoung , Jeong Yeonsu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Im Seongil , Lee Gwan‐Hyoung
Published: June 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) devices and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures attract considerable attention owing to their potential for next‐generation logic and memory applications. In addition, 2D devices are projected to have high integration capabilities, while maintaining nanoscale thickness. However, the fabrication of 2D devices and their circuits is challenging because of the high precision required to etch and pattern ultrathin 2D materials for integration. Here, the fabrication of a graphene via contact architecture to electrically connect graphene electrodes (or leads) embedded in vdW heterostructures is demonstrated. Graphene via contacts comprising of edge and fluorinated graphene (FG) electrodes are fabricated by successive fluorination and plasma etching processes. A one‐step fabrication process that utilizes the graphene contacts is developed for a vertically integrated complementary inverter based on n‐ and p‐type 2D field‐effect transistors (FETs). This study provides a promising method to fabricate vertically integrated 2D devices, which are essential in 2D material‐based devices and circuits.
Interfacial Engineering of Binder‐Free Janus Separator with Ultra‐Thin Multifunctional Layer for Simultaneous Enhancement of Both Metallic Li Anode and Sulfur Cathode
Authors: Wu Shuanglin , Yao Yingmei , Nie Xiaolin , Yu Zhifeng , Yu Yanting , Huang Fenglin
Published: June 2022

Exploring a scalable strategy to fabricate a multifunctional separator is of great significance to overcome the challenges of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and dendritic growth in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a binder‐free Janus separator is constructed by interfacial engineering. At the cathode interface, an ultra‐thin covalent triazine piperazine film containing tailorable micropores and adsorption sites is decorated on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane by in situ interfacial polymerization, building a triple barrier for LiPSs. The combination of steric hindrance and chemical adsorption reduces LiPS's migration by 81.85%. Meanwhile, at the anode interface, a fast‐ionic conductor Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is created on the surface of PAN nanofiber by magnetron sputtering to suppress dendrite growth. Even though there is no binder between the ceramic layer and the fibrous separator, sputtering creates an inter‐embedded structure that ensures no depowering after cycling. Furthermore, the PAN‐based separator displays a high temperature tolerance of 180 °C. Consequently, the cell delivers a high capacity of 1287.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and stable cycling performance with an ultra‐low capacity decay rate of 0.059% per cycle over 500 cycles. This work provides a scalable strategy for functionalizing separators to tackle the challenges in LSBs, which is binder‐free, stripping‐free, and essentially thickening‐free.
Dendrite‐accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium metal pouch batteries
Authors: Xu Xiang‐Qun , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Jiang Feng‐Ni , Yang Shi‐Jie , Ren Dongsheng , Shi Peng , Hsu HungJen , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Ouyang Minggao , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2022

High‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are widely accepted as promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the safety features of practical LMBs are rarely explored quantitatively. Herein, the thermal runaway behaviors of a 3.26 Ah (343 Wh kg−1) Li | LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 pouch cell in the whole life cycle are quantitatively investigated by extended volume‐accelerating rate calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. By thermal failure analyses on pristine cell with fresh Li metal, activated cell with once plated dendrites, and 20‐cycled cell with large quantities of dendrites and dead Li, dendrite‐accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms including reaction sequence and heat release contribution are reached. Suppressing dendrite growth and reducing the reactivity between Li metal anode and electrolyte at high temperature are effective strategies to enhance the safety performance of LMBs. These findings can largely enhance the understanding on the thermal runaway behaviors of Li metal pouch cells in practical working conditions.
Artificial Neural Network Controlled Multi‐Device Interleaved DC‐DC Boost Converter Implementation for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Anbarasi MP , Latha R , Adharsh Babu S
Published: June 2022

Electric vehicles (EV) are the future of mobility solutions. The EV's are driven by an electric motor with the help of a power electronic interface. The power electronic interface needs to be designed in an efficient way both in mechanical and electrical aspects. This paper proposes the concept of design, simulation and analysis of a 10 kW Multi‐Device Interleaved DC‐DC Boost Converter (MDIBC) to drive a 4 kW Induction Motor. The output DC voltage is to be maintained at a constant 400 V irrespective of the input variations. MDIBC consists of semi‐controlled switches topology excited by Phase Shifted PWM technique to reduce the ripple current in interleaving inductors. The dual loop control of the MDIBC is implemented using both PI and ANN controllers. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate and analyze the design and control implementations. The results obtained through the implementation of ANN control proves that the control of MDIBC is simpler and is superior when compared to PI control. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Integrating Palliative Care into Primary Care: An Educational Project to Meet an Unmet Need
Authors: Radfar Amir
Published: June 2022

Lack of access to palliative care services in developing countries would add to patients’ suffering if deprived of palliative care services. There is a tremendous need for the basic, intermediate, and specialist training of palliative care, and the need will be growing as the population ages. Palliative care integration with the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of life-limiting health problems can enhance the quality of life, promote patients’ dignity, and positively affect the disease’s course. Primary palliative care can be applied at all healthcare system levels, including primary care providers and specialists in many disciplines who do not have formal palliative care training. Primary palliative care can assist to relieve the pain and suffering of terminally ill patients and can partially meet current or future needs in developing countries. Education is one of the main points of the primary palliative care program. It should be adapted to the development of palliative care for each country and eventually incorporated into the conventional training for all professionals. This cost-effective and simple approach has been a basis for creating an online educational program that aims to develop primary palliative care content material in Farsi for general practitioners who deal with patients with cancer.
Blended Learning for Oncologists and Their Colleagues
Authors: Schmidt-Straßburger Uta
Published: June 2022

Oncology is a rapidly developing field with a high societal impact. It comprises more and more complex knowledge, more sophisticated patient management, and truly interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing the needs of oncologists is important to satisfy the increasing need for updating their knowledge about new medicines and treatment strategies together with managerial aspects of the medical profession and practice while balancing personal needs for well-being. Out of the many options, a blended learning, degree-awarding study program is a possibility combining high flexibility with only few fixed appointments and a profound net-working experience. I will describe in this chapter the ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology)/ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) recommendations for a global curriculum in oncology, how their educational part was translated into online learning modules, and how soft skill training for presentation, communication, and negotiation together with personal coaching resulted in a network of oncology professionals gearing toward better cancer patient care everywhere in the world.
Establishing a Continuing Educational Program Based on the ESMO/ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Egypt and Other Educational Initiatives
Authors: Elsayed Zeinab , Kelany Mohamed Reda , Rabea Ahmed Magdy
Published: June 2022

This chapter contains descriptions of three different postgraduate educational endeavors in Egypt that are addressing the need for continuing medical education in oncology. Two initiatives are addressing the medical oncology training in general, whereas one focuses on a rare subset of tumors (sarcomas) that requires a well-coordinated approach to the best patient care possible. The authors of this chapter have successfully studied in the Advanced Oncology study program of Ulm University and strive to transfer the knowledge and the know-how to their workplaces. Thereby, they are facing similar and also different challenges that may be present in other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Make a Difference
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia
Published: June 2022

Common excuses no longer make up for lack of engagement with sustainability, it is time to shine for procurement, with a new role of creating value beyond focusing on price. People are of paramount importance in any transformation and so, guided by managers, they are the key drivers of change.
Develop Purpose, Ambition Level, and Strategy
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia
Published: June 2022

Starting with a new purpose for procurement sets the North Star. If people ask for a purpose, give them one, and let them know what the level of ambition is. An ambitious sustainability strategy is key pillar for a future-proof procurement organization.
Sustainability in Action: Interviews with Experts
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia
Published: June 2022

To round off our guide to achieving sustainability in procurement we have compiled some of the interviews that were conducted during the writing of this book, which demonstrate what sustainability in procurement looks like in the real world, in a variety of industries.
Predicting the Weather: A Partnership of Observation Scientists and Forecasters
Authors: Joe Paul , Sun Jenny , Yussouf Nusrat , Goodman Steve , Riemer Michael , Gouda Krishna Chandra , Golding Brian , Rogers Robert , Isaac George , Wilson Jim , Li Ping Wah Peter , Wulfmeyer Volker , Elmore Kim , Onvlee Jeanette , Chong Pei , Ladue James
Published: June 2022

Weather forecasts are the foundation of much of the information needed in the warnings we have been considering. To be useful, they require knowledge of the current atmospheric state as a starting point. In this chapter, we first look at the methods used to predict the weather and the resulting demands for observations. Then, we explore the wide variety of sensors and platforms used to obtain this information. There has been a long history of close working between sensor and platform designers and meteorologists that has produced spectacular advances in forecast accuracy. However, the latest high-resolution models require new approaches to obtaining observations that will require different collaborations. Examples are presented of partnerships in space observing and in aviation, a demonstration system from Canada, and the use of testbeds and observatories as environments for progress.
Existence Results for Double Phase Problem in Sobolev–Orlicz Spaces with Variable Exponents in Complete Manifold
Authors: Aberqi Ahmed , Bennouna Jaouad , Benslimane Omar , Ragusa Maria Alessandra
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the existence of non-negative non-trivial solutions for a class of double-phase problems where the source term is a Caratheodory function that satisfies the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz type condition in the framework of Sobolev–Orlicz spaces with variable exponents in complete manifold. Our approach is based on the Nehari manifold and some variational techniques. Furthermore, the Hölder ine-quality, continuous and compact embedding results are proved.
Anthropomorphization and beyond: conceptualizing humanwashing of AI-enabled machines
Authors: Scorici Gabriela , Schultz Mario D. , Seele Peter
Published: June 2022

The complex relationships between humans and AI-empowered machines have created and inspired new products and services as well as controversial debates, fiction and entertainment, and last but not least, a striving and vital field of research. The (theoretical) convergence between the two categories of entities has created stimulating concepts and theories in the past, such as the uncanny valley, machinization of humans through datafication, or humanization of machines, known as anthropomorphization. In this article, we identify a new gap in the relational interaction between humans and AI triggered by commercial interests, making use of AI through advertisement, marketing, and corporate communications. Our scope is to broaden the field of AI and society by adding the business-society-nexus. Thus, we build on existing research streams of machinewashing and the analogous phenomenon of greenwashing to theorize about the humanwashing of AI-enabled machines as a specific anthropomorphization notion. In this way, the article offers a contribution to the anthropomorphization literature conceptualizing humanwashing as a deceptive use of AI-enabled machines (AIEMs) aimed at intentionally or unintentionally misleading organizational stakeholders and the broader public about the true capabilities that AIEMs possess.
Benefits of simulating precipitation characteristics over Africa with a regionally-coupled atmosphere–ocean model
Authors: Weber Torsten , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry V. , Jacob Daniela
Published: June 2022

High-quality climate information at appropriate spatial and temporal resolution is essential to develop and provide tailored climate services for Africa. A common method to produce regional climate change data is to dynamically downscale global climate projections by means of regional climate models (RCMs). Deficiencies in the representation of the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in earth system models (ESMs) and missing atmosphere–ocean interactions in RCMs contribute to the precipitation bias. This study analyzes the influence of the regional atmosphere–ocean coupling on simulated precipitation and its characteristics over Africa, and identifies those regions providing an added value using the regionally coupled atmosphere–ocean model ROM. For the analysis, the MPI-ESM-LR historical simulation and emission scenario RCP8.5 were dynamically downscaled with ROM at a spatial resolution of 0.22° × 0.22° for the whole African continent, including the tropical Atlantic and the Southwest Indian Ocean. The results show that reduced SST warm biases in both oceans lead to more realistic simulated precipitation over most coastal regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and over southern Africa to varying degrees depending on the season. In particular, the annual precipitation cycles over the coastal regions of the Atlantic Ocean are closer to observations. Moreover, total precipitation and extreme precipitation indices in the coupled historical simulation are significantly lower and more realistic compared to observations over the majority of the analyzed sub-regions. Finally, atmosphere–ocean coupling can amplify or attenuate climate change signals from precipitation indices or even change their sign in a regional climate projection.