bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis on Integral Forced Performance for Steel Tubular High Scaffold with Couplers
Authors: Cai Xue Feng , Zhuang Jin Ping , Tuo Ming Bei
Published: May 2011

The characteristics of integral forced prformance for seel tubular high scaffold with couplers were introduced and deficiencies were pointed out in the paper. Integral forced prformance for steel tubular high scaffold with couplers was simulated by finite element software ABAQUS. Couplers joint was simulated with nolinear elastic spring element model. Eigenvalue buckling analysis was used to get the most stability capacity. The simulated result agrees well with previous experimental result.
Investigation on Buckling of Cylindrical Shells and Influences of Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ji Jian Long , Lei Jian Ping
Published: May 2011

Thin-walled cylindrical shells are widely used in many industrial sectors as light structural elements. Determination of their buckling strength under various types of loading conditions is a crucial work for engineering design. Due to the needs of research of crashworthiness, dynamic buckling of cylindrical shells subjected to the strong axial impact becomes a frontier issue in recent years. The axial impact is a very complex dynamic process because of the coupling of multiple effects. In this paper, the buckling mechanism of cylindrical shells subjected to axial impact and the influences of boundary conditions, and energy absorption properties have been investigated by experiments.
The Experimental Study on Prestress Losses of Steel Stranded Wire in Non-Coherent Prestressed Concrete Silos
Authors: Huang Hai Rong , Zhang Hao , Wang Lu Min , Xu Qi Keng , Zhang Da Ying
Published: May 2011

In this paper, non-coherent prestressed steel stranded wire being introduced in one concrete silo model of 10m inner diameter is tensed at both ends. The prestress losses of wires are tested. Based on the tested result, the trend of prestress losses and prestressing wires strain is educed.
Analysis of Spatial Co-Working Property of a Long-Span Cantilevered Awning
Authors: Kong Dan Dan , Zhang Hai Xia , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2011

A chamfering rectangular long-span stadium awning is introduced in this paper. To fully understand the spatial co-working property of the cantilevered structure, the function of connecting members in this cantilevered structure is studied. Analysis results identified the formation mechanism of spatial stiffness of the whole cantilevered structure. The research results can shed light on structural study and designing of the same kind.
Study on the Strength and Deformation of Stirrup Confined Concrete in Cruciform Columns
Authors: Sun Lin Zhu , Wang Tie Cheng , Yang Fang
Published: May 2011

In order to determine the strength and deformation characteristics of confined concrete under axial compression of cruciform columns, the test results have been obtained for reinforced concrete cruciform columns through axial compression experiment in the study. After analysis and research, the stress-strain curves of confined concrete have been established, the relational expression between the relatively increased value of the peak strain value of confined concrete in cruciform columns and the stirrup characteristic value was proposed, the descending section of the stress-strain curves of confined concrete was studied, and the variation relationship between the strain ductility coefficient of the confined concrete and the stirrup characteristic value was established. The study results will be provided as reference for the structural design and deformation calculation of cruciform columns.
Research about Influence of Strength Variability on Seismic Performance of Weak Shear Type Concentrically-Braced Steel Frames
Authors: Qi Yong Sheng , Zhao Feng Hua , Zhou Jun Wen
Published: May 2011

Influence of strength variability of braces on the weak shear type concentrically-braced steel frames is studied by pushover and nonlinear time history analysis method, which leads to a conclusion that the overstrength of brace has obviously detrimental influence on the seismic performance of the structure, induces stronger seismic reaction and higher seismic risk. Another valuable discovery is that after the area of the braces of weak shear type centrically-braced steel frames are determined according to the requirement of current codes, the designer can intentionally specify the structural steel of comparatively low strength (for example, the 2nd group in the paper taking 70% strength of steel Q235) for the brace, which can provide the structure more excellent seismic performance.
Dynamic Analysis of Frame-Support-Wall Structure with Openings on Floor
Authors: Ye Yan Xia , Zhao Jing
Published: May 2011

In order to study the influence of dynamic response of frame-support-wall structure with openings on floor, six 3D models with different radio of opening are made. According to the finite element mode analysis and dynamic time-history analysis, we know that the location of openings, the size of openings etc. are important to the performance of structure. In order to keep entire structure in good condition, we suggest that the rate of openings should be smaller than 6%~8%.
Second Order Analysis on a Typical Steel Industrial Plant
Authors: Li Bo , Hu Shao Bin , Sun Ya Xin , Wang Yan
Published: May 2011

The deficiency of effective length approach and the necessity of second order analysis design on nonferrous engineering steel industrial plant are emphasized. Second order analysis approach by nonlinear finite-element with ANSYS is used to design an industrial plant. The example indicates that second-order effect should not be neglect and the result of first order analysis is not safe enough for industrial plant.
Control Research of Engineering Safety Supervision Based on Rent-Seeking and Game Theory
Authors: Jia Lu , Liu Xian Zhi
Published: May 2011

In order to further discussing the problem of the construction engineering safety supervision, this paper analyzed the cost and benefit on the rent-seeking behavior of engineering safety supervision using rent-seeking theory. Two game models of engineering safety supervision rent-seeking was established and some suggestions were given.
Practical Design Procedure for Thin-Skinned Steel-Concrete Composite Sections
Authors: Ma Xing
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a practical design procedure for thin-skinned steel-composite composite panels subjected to axial or flexural loadings is developed. Ignoring the adhesive forces between steel and core concrete, steel skins may be modeled as thin plates resting on tensionless rigid or elastic foundations (concrete material). Sections of steel skin tend to become separated (delaminated) from the core concrete and buckle away from it, while other areas keep contact with the inside material. This phenomenon is named as contact buckling. Based on the governing equations of thin plates in contact area and noncontact area, initial buckling response of thin skins may be obtained. Then it becomes possible to use effective width-based formulas to deduce ultimate strengths of the unilaterally constrained skins. At last, design formulas for section capacity of composite members due to axial and flexural loadings are developed.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Ridge Joint of Double C Steel under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Chen Ming , Sun Yang , Pi Bing Qian
Published: May 2011

The double C steel section is made of two C steels with gusset plate through bolts. A ridge joint of double C steel is studied through experiment under cyclic loading in this paper. Through the four specimens with different gusset-plate’s thickness and bolt spacing, we analyze the effect of the gusset-plate’s thickness and bolt spacing on stiffness, ductility and energy performance. At last we recommend the suitable gusset-plate’s thickness. The results can give a reference to the engineering application of cold-formed steel structure.
Seismic Behavior of RC Low-Rise Shear Wall with Vertical Mild Steel-Lead Energy Dissipation Strips
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Cao Wan Lin , Dong Hong Ying
Published: May 2011

A RC shear wall with vertical mild steel-lead energy dissipation strips was proposed as an improvement in seismic behavior over existing shear wall designs. In order to test and ascertain the projected increase in performance, five low-rise shear wall specimens: one normal RC shear wall, one RC shear wall with slits, two shear walls with vertical X style mild steel energy dissipation strips under different design parameters, and one shear wall with vertical X style mild steel-lead energy dissipation strips were tested under cyclic loading. Based on the experiment, the damage characteristics, hysteresis characteristics, load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation of the specimens were comparatively analyzed. Results show that the ductility and energy dissipation of the RC low-rise shear wall with vertical X style mild steel energy dissipation strips and the one with X style mild steel-lead energy dissipation strips offer a significant improvement in seismic performance over accepted designs. In addition, the failure behavior of the low-rise shear wall tended towards bending failure rather than shear failure.
Evaluation of Building Sustainable Performance Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: May 2011

How to evaluate building sustainable performance is a hot issue in the world, the paper combine the “natural energy”, “energy recycling” and “ energy consumption” with 12 indicators into a evaluation system, and then use the set pair analysis(SPA) methods to evaluate the building sustainable performance. Through the empirical analysis with 3 cases, the results show that increase the natural energy utilization and enhance the energy recycling can reduce energy consumption and improve the building sustainable performance. In addition, the SPA also can quantitative the evaluation results.
Formulas Deduction to Key Parameters of Multi-Reflection in GPR Survey
Authors: Qiang Guo , Ge Xiu Run , Che Ai Lan
Published: May 2011

The present paper is to analyses the key parameters of multi-reflection in GPR Survey. At first, it introduced the theory and methods for GPR result explanation. Then it proposed the necessity to work on multi-reflection analysis. For the complexity of multi-reflection, it emphatically worked on secondary reflection. According to the distinction of travel routes, the secondary reflection was divided into two cases. In the first case, the incident wave reflected twice at every interface and in the second case, the incident wave reflected for twice at every layer, meanwhile, the second reflected wave penetrated into the next layer as new incident wave. In these two cases, the amount of received waves was different and their corresponding transmitting parameters were deduced in the present paper. According to the deduction, in the situation of multiple reflections, the two-way travel time increases gradually; the energy decreases sharply and the profile curves are similar to each other.
Nonlinear Full-Range Analysis of Steel Reinforced Concrete L-Shaped Columns
Authors: Li Zhe , Chen Shao Ji , Wang Ye Ni , Zhang Cui Ping , Xu Jing
Published: May 2011

The neutral axis change along with axial load ratio, load angle, section size etc. For the neutral axis of SRCLSC(steel reinforced concrete L-shaped column) is neither plumb with the plane that the moment work on, nor parallel with borderlines of SRCLSC section, it is difficult to get loading capacity and ductility of SRCLSC on biaxial eccentric loading. Based on the plane-section assumption, a method for the nonlinear analysis of complete response process for ductility of 15 SRCLSC..It include 36 sets for load angle, 6 sets for axial load ratio, 3 sets for concrete strength, 3 sets for the content of steel, 2 sets for steel style, 3 sets for stirrup ratio, 3 sets for steel location, 3 sets for section size, 3 sets for stirrup diameter about SRCLSC. The ductile behavior of L-shaped, with calculating 1068 loading conditions,are investigated. It concluded that axial load ratio, load angle, and ratio of the spacing of stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement’s diameter (s/d) are most important factors.
Study on the Bearing Capacity and Ductility of Steel Reinforced Concrete Cross-Shaped Columns
Authors: Li Zhe , Chen Shao Ji , Xu Jing , Wang Ye Ni , Zhang Cui Ping
Published: May 2011

Compared with reinforced concrete shaped columns, bearing capacity and ductility of steel reinforced concrete shaped columns are significantly improved, so it is with theoretical significance and practical application of value to research. Based on the plain cross section presume, with material cross-section boundary calculation unit, 15 steel reinforced concrete cross-shaped columns(SRCCSC) have made nonlinear full-rang numerical analysis. It demonstrates that the most adverse curvature ductility load angle of SRCCRSC is 45°.Loading angle (), axial compression ratio (n), and the ratio of spacing and diameter of longitudinal reinforcements (s/d) are the principal factors in curvature ductility of SRCCSC subjected to biaxial eccentric compression. Under the most unfavorable loading angle, through a regression analysis of curvature ductility computer data of 150 cross-shaped columns with 8mm stirrups diameter and 150 columns with 10mm stirrups diameter, it can be obtained with the relationship betweenand axial compression ration,s/d, of SRCCSC subjected to biaxial eccentric compression.
The Research on the Prestress-Effect in the Small Radius Curved Beam
Authors: Xiao Guang Hong , Zhang Qiu Ling , Huang Chao
Published: May 2011

A general analysis method of curved bridge, pure twist theory, which is based on the bar structure mechanical, has been introduced in this paper, by analyzing the basic assumptions of the theory, the limitations of application of the theory is indicated, while the ratio between the width and span of the curved bridge is out of the rang prescribed in the theory. The prestress effect is studied by the method of numerical simulation based on the finite element software ANSYS . According to the result, it can be indicated that, under the prestress, a horizontal and vertical displacement of the curved beam have occurred. The whole beam appears the tendency of turning outside, and there has been wavy distortion in the outer cantilever slab of the box girder along the span. The analysis result shows that, the method of the force analysis of spatial entities should be adopted when the ratio of width/span is small, and the difference between the inner vertical resistant reaction and the outer one caused by the prestressing force should not be ignored.
Seismic Damage Analysis on Double-Column Pier of Passenger Dedicated Line
Authors: Li Yu , Zhu Xi , Yang Qing Shan
Published: May 2011

Reasonable strong seismic motion records are selected according to the applicable Code of Seismic Design for Railway Engineering. By using FEA software, the FEA model of one double-column pier of passenger dedicated line is established with considering the effect of flexible base effects and seismic characteristic. Based on Park-Ang seismic damage model and nonlinear seismic response analysis, the seismic damage analysis on double-column pier of passenger dedicated Line is carried out. The study results are obtained as follow: 1) The seismic damage of bridge mainly happen during the early and middle stage of seismic motion. 2) There are still major discrepancies in the seismic damage made from the seismic records which come from the same site condition and have the same PGA. 3) Although PGA has a great effect on the seismic damage index, it has nothing to do with the happening time of max seismic damage index.
Analytical Solution for Skewed Bridges
Authors: Chun Pang Jo , Fu Gong Kang
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we report on an analytical solution for beam-type skewed highway bridges subjected to truck loading. To confirm the analysis derivation and the solution obtained, the moment and shear responses to the design truck load are acquired using the analytical method for a number of typical US highway bridges and compared with those from numerical finite element method (FEM) analysis. In addition, the lateral distribution factors for moment and shear used in routine design are investigated based on comparison of the analytical approach and FEM. The analytical solution is shown in good agreement with the FEM result. Furthermore, the relevant provisions in the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials' (AASHTO's) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are also discussed here for comparison. It is observed that the design code specified load distribution factor may not predict well, especially for shear and/or severe skew.
Design of Static Test Model for Three-Tower Cable-Stayed Self-Anchored Suspension Composed Bridge
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhou Yong Jun , Sun Jing , Tang Jin Tao , Li Xu
Published: May 2011

Cable-stayed self-anchored suspension composed bridges have novel structures and aesthetic appearance with complex system and difficulty for design and construction. In order to acquire a better knowledge of the load-carrying capability of this type of bridges, based on a real bridge and the theory of abnormal similarity, a full-bridge scaled down(1:20) test model was built to simulate the whole process of construction. The test results were preferably fit the theoretical calculation value. It can be seen that the design of the bridge was reasonable, and the accuracy of the calculation of finite element model was verified at the same time. The test and the related results can be used as the reference for the test and design of the similar bridges.
Study on Application of Strengthening Method and its Optimization on Continuous Box Girder Bridge
Authors: He Rong , He Wei , Su Yan Feng
Published: May 2011

According to the mechanical characteristics of the continuous box girder bridge and the disaster situation, a combined strengthening method was used to strengthen Yingyugou Viaduct. The 3D numerical simulation method was used to analyze the effectiveness of external prestressing reinforcement technology, external sticking steel plate method, increasing section method and gluing CFRP method. Based on the analysis, the original design scheme was optimized to take advantage of each strengthening method, and improve the overall effectiveness of the combination strengthening method.
Measurement and Prediction of Absorption of Cementitious Systems Using RILEM Vacuum Saturation Method
Authors: Mohammad Iqbal Khan
Published: May 2011

Measurement and prediction of absorption of concrete by saturation method is presented. Measurement of absorption of concrete consisting of supplementary cementitious materials was conducted by using vacuum saturation method in accordance to RILEM. Pulverized fuel ash and silica fume were incorporated as partial cement replacements for the preparation of various combinations of cementitious composite systems. Absorption of cement matrix containing ordinary Portland cement, pulverized fuel ash and silica fume at various ages is reported. Based on the experimentally obtained results, analytical prediction models were developed. These models enabled the establishment of isoresponse contours showing the interactive influence between the various parameters investigated.
Sensitivity Study on Damage Indexes of Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Peng Wei , Zha Zhi Xiang
Published: May 2011

Damages in a structure alter its static and dynamic characteristics. These changes occur in some structural parameters such as the mass, the stiffness, the flexibility and the damping matrices of the structure and can be characterized by changes in the modal parameters, i.e., modal frequencies, modal damping values and mode shapes, and their derivatives, such as the modal curvature and modal stress energy. According to the properties of cable-stayed bridges, various damage indexes of static and dynamic are constructed to indicate damage of cable, tower and girder respectively. A comprehensive index accounting for their interaction and the whole bridge damage is presented which is robust to measurement noises and uncertainties in ambient conditions. The sensitivities of these damage indexes are illustrated by numerical studies. The effectiveness of the proposed damage detection method of cable-stayed bridges is demonstrated through an engineering project.
Study on Temperature Field and Construction Monitoring of Hydration Heat of Railway Cable-Stayed Bridge Pile Cap
Authors: He Xu Hui , Cheng Hao , Qin Hong Xi
Published: May 2011

The temperature control of mass concrete is regarded to be a universal problem. Because of the heavy load of railway cable-stayed bridges, the pile caps usually have large dimensions, so the thermal stress, which is caused by hydration heat, must be emphasized. In order to study the spatial distribution of temperature in mass concrete and find a functional temperature control measure during construction, the theoretical and FEM analysis of hydration heat-thermal stress field are applied, which can improve structural reliability and provide reference for design and engineering of the similar project. Based on FEM calculation, the theoretical hydration heat temperature field is obtained. In the same time, the temperature sensors as well as strain sensors are arranged in the key position of pile cap. Then the variation of hydration temperature in concrete would be measured and recorded since the concrete is pouring. According to the theoretical simulation and the monitoring results, the time-history curve of hydration heat is obtained, and the variation of inner temperature gradient along the height direction as well as the longitudinal direction with the concrete age are studied, and the feasibility of temperature control measures is also verified.
Study and Model Test on the Anchorage Area for Chongqing Jiayue Bridge’s PC Box Girder
Authors: Sun Shu Hong , Zhang Xue Song , Gu An Bang
Published: May 2011

The research work is described about the numerical analysis and reduced scale prototype model test of Chongqing Jiayue Bridge’s PC beam, which has some special structure details. The structure’s practicality of the PC box girder’s anchorage is demonstrated through computing, at the same time, the security of the anchorage undertaking kiloton force is experimented by test. Some conclusions and suggestions are drowning through such research work which are helpful to design and construction.
Test on Grouting Reinforcing Technique of Bridge Abutment Bump in Express Way
Authors: Wang Jian Zhou , Zhou Guo Qing , Yu Xin Ran
Published: May 2011

For the bridge abutment bump of express way in operation, through physical simulation experiment on the bridge-head settlement were studied to obtain the general rules of bridge-head settlement as well as the effects and parameters while grouting below the bridge-head tie-board. Grouting reinforcing method was applied to the Ning-Su-Xu West Wei River Highway Bridge; deal with the problem of bridge abutment bump. Through slurry material strength test, drill core sampling method and ground penetrating radar detect effects of grouting. Experimental results show that: By the grouting treatment below the bridge-head tie-board, which take the empty area to be filled with slurry material and make it dense, forming a whole curtain, and the density and integrity of the padding were enhanced, so, strengthening effect is very good. The practice of grouting reinforcing proves that the technique is low-cost, short construction period, and good results. So it is especially true of treating for the abutment bump of express way in operation.
Analysis of Flutter Stability of the Xihoumen Bridge in the Completed Stage
Authors: Yu Mei , Liao Hai Li , Li Ming Shui , Ma Cun Ming , Liu Ming
Published: May 2011

Aerodynamic stability is an issue in the wind-resistant design of long-span bridges, flutter is an aerodynamic instability phenomenon that occurs due to interactions between wind and structural motion. The Xihoumen Bridge is the second long suspension bridge in the world, the aeroelastic performance of the Xihoumen Bridge is investigated by wind tunnel testing and an analytical approach. In the case, wind-tunnel testing was performed using an aeroelastic full model of the bridge, and two section models of the bridge. Flutter derivatives of bridge decks are routinely extracted from wind tunnel section model experiments for the assessment of performance against wind loading, the analytical method used here were a two-dimensional flutter analysis and a multi-mode analysis in the frequency domain. The analytical results were compared with the wind tunnel test data; it showed that the flutter analysis results were good agreement with the wind-tunnel test data.
Study of Fatigue Tests on the Structural Details of Welding Joints of Integral Bridge Deck and Main Girder Gusset Plates
Authors: Huang Cai Ping , Zhang Zhong Xian , Zhang Ji , Chen Jin Zhou
Published: May 2011

Under the action of both dead and live loads, the welding joints of the integral bridge deck and the main truss gusset plates of a steel truss bridge in the transverse and longitudinal directions are all subjected to tensile force, the fatigue performance of which greatly influence the safety and durability of the bridge during operation. Fatigue tests were carried out on a full-scale model designed and made in accordance with the structural details of the welding joints of the integral bridge deck and the main truss gusset plates of Dashengguan Changjiang River Bridge. On the basis of the results of the fatigue tests, the stress distribution of the welding joints was analyzed, the fatigue life of the welding joints under load cycles with constant amplitude was discussed and the fatigue performance of the welding joints under the condition of two-way tensile forces was studied. It is concluded that under the effect of fatigue loading with given amplitude, the fatigue life of the welding joints is more than 200 million numbers of load cycles, the structural details of welding joints have ample fatigue resistant ability under the condition of two-way tensile forces, and the maximum main stress value of the fatigue tests is lower than the allowable fatigue stress value given in various codes and relevant references and the fatigue strength meets requirement.
Non-Destructive Testing for Concrete: Dynamic Modulus and Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements
Authors: Mohammad Iqbal Khan
Published: May 2011

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a technique to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure. The commonly NDT methods used for the concrete are dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete is related to the structural stiffness and deformation process of concrete structures, and is highly sensitive to the cracking. The velocity of ultrasonic pulses travelling in a solid material depends on the density and elastic properties of that material. Non-destructive testing namely, dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity was measured for high strength concrete incorporating cementitious composites. Results of dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity are reported and their relationships with compressive strength are presented. It has been found that NDT is reasonably good and reliable tool to measure the property of concrete which also gives the fair indication of the compressive strength development.
Finite Element Analysis for Refrozen Process of Bored Pile in Permafrost Region
Authors: Wang Qing Bo , Jia Yan Min , He Dong Po
Published: May 2011

The commercially available finite element program ANSYS was used to model the refrozen process of the bored pile. The effects of the refrozen process by casting temperature of concrete, heat of concrete hydration and air convention were analyzed. To estimate the time when the bearing capacity of the bored pile is formed, the finish time of refrozen process was determined by modeling the whole refrozen process of the bored pile. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data. The analysis shows that the refrozen process is related with the casting temperature of concrete. The higher the casting temperature is, the more time the refrozen process takes.
Numerical Analysis on Surplus Bearing Capacity of Chipped Bridge Piers
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wang Ru Heng , Jia Bin
Published: May 2011

Bridge piers generate local destruction at impact point after suffering medium and low speed impact, and then their bearing capacities decrease a lot. Based on the formula in code, this paper used ANSYS to analyze surplus normal section load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete bridge piers with notches in different sizes. The relation curve between axial bearing capacity of piers and scaling area of concrete was obtained. After comparing with formula in code, a new formula was obtained, which can be used in calculating surplus normal section load-carrying capacity of chipped bridge piers. In addition, damaging process of chipped bridge piers under axial pressure was simulated accurately by ANSYS.
The Local Stability Analysis of Steel Box Girde
Authors: Wang Hua , Fang Shu Jun , Lin Guan Dong , Qi Zhi Wei , Chang Chan Zi
Published: May 2011

This paper describes working performance of the pressed flanges with reinforced plate .Based on the elastic stability theory and elastic-plastic stability theory ,it puts forward the analysis model of the local stability of the pressed flanges by using energy principle .The value of the critical stress is obtained .It cheeks the analysis result with the experiment result.
Experimental Study on Transversal Stress of Precast Simply Supported Box Girder during the Pre-Tensioning and Initial Tensioning Stages
Authors: Rui Zhang , Lu Wen Liang
Published: May 2011

Experimental research was conducted on the transverse stress of 32m post-tensioned precast simply supported concrete box girder with ballastless track. Vibrating wire strain gauges were embedded in the key sections to monitor the concrete transverse strain. The concrete strain development law was analyzed. The monitored results showed that there were low transverse tensile stresses and the cracking resistance of the girder was enough during pre-tensioning stage. The research findings provided effective experimental data for design and construction quality control.
Calculation of State Transfer of Curved Bridge
Authors: Xi Jing Jing , Li Qing Ning , Wang Tian Li
Published: May 2011

The field transfer matrixs and the point transfer matrixs can be established by the transfer matrix method, which can solve the internal forces and deformations problems of each cross-section, based on the solutions of deflection differential equation of the curved bridge. The bending-torsional coupling, horizontal bending and axial deformations should be considered into the structural analysis of the curved bridge, under the influence of curvature. To establish the general transfer equation requires the field transfer matrixs and the point transfer matrixs of the curved bridge in horizontal and vertical directions. The state vectors of each cross-section can be obtained depending on the general transfer equation.
Experimental Study on Forced Vibration of Prestressed Concrete Simply Supported Beam under Speed-Increase State
Authors: Lin Guan Dong , Fang Shu Jun , Wang Hua , Qi Zhi Wei , Chang Chan Zi
Published: May 2011

Through dynamic performance test on prestressed concrete simply supported beam of Xiaotang-river Bridge on the Suhuang railway under different speed and different train formation, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge and its response under speed-increase trains are studied. Results indicate that the lateral forcing vibration frequency of train is close to the lateral natural vibration characteristics of the bridge when trains running at 70 and 75 km·h-1, and the resonance occurs. Consequently, vibration restraining measure for PCT beam should give priority to increasing the lateral rigidity of beam. When train speed exceeds 60 km·h-1, the maximum lateral amplitude of PCT beam exceeds the safety 1imit with no exception. The values of the lateral and vertical vibration acceleration of PCT beam are under the safety limits regulated by Code for Rating Existing Railway Bridges. The lateral vibration frequency of PCT beam in mid-span is obviously on the low level and is only 40-50 percentage of the reference value. The vertical natural vibration frequency of bridge in mid-span is enough and the ratio of vertical deflection and span is lower than the ordinary value stipulated in Code for Rating Existing Railway Bridges. It shows that the vertical rigidity of the beam is enough. Different formations of passing trains have a great influence on the 1ateral amplitude. When train formation is C64, the lateral amplitude is the maximum. while train formation is C64K, the lateral amplitude of the beam is smaller.
Research on Optimization of Shock Absorption Design of the Self-Anchored Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge
Authors: Zhu Wei Zhi , Wang Zheng Zheng , Zhang Zhe , Chen Hao Ran
Published: May 2011

Combining the scientific research project- the study on cable-stayed suspension bridges, with the engineering background of Dalian Gulf Bridge to be built, this paper focuses on the seismic effect of non-linear viscous dampers on Self-anchored Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge. Based on the non-linear dynamic time-history analysis, the parameter sensitivity of damping coefficient and velocity exponent is analyzed. Through the analysis results, the proper dampers are decided. The seismic response result of before setting dampers is compared with that of after setting dampers. The results show that viscous dampers not only can greatly reduce the relative displacement and inner force under seismic effect of key positions of Self-anchored Cable-stayed Suspension Bridge, but can efficiently minimize the damage caused by earthquakes on bridge structure without changing static force behavior, which can provide evidence of seismic design for similar bridges.
Probability Assessment Method for Bearing Capacity of Existing RC Bridge
Authors: Yan Lei , Lü Ying Zhao
Published: May 2011

The capacity of existing RC bridge could decay slowly when exposed to the aggressive environments. In this paper, the probability assessment method was presented. And the probability model of dead effect and vehicle action effect was established. The classification principle of bearing capacity was presented on the basis of reliability index; furthermore, the evaluation method was presented by a lot of calculation about the reliability index and the ratio of vehicle action effect to dead effect. An existing RC beam bridge with 34 years was evaluated; the technology condition is third class according to code for maintenance of highway bridges and culvers (JTG H11-2004). The checking index is 0.947 and the assessment result is also third grade. Comparing of the results indicated that the method is practical and convenient.
Study on Bearing Capacity Assessment of Prefabricated RC Slab Bridges
Authors: Zou Lan Lin , Zhou Xing Lin
Published: May 2011

The concept of frequency coefficient is built up based on theory，the formula between frequency coefficient and strain coefficient is established, and it was revised by the regression relational expression on the base of statistics results of 173 samples. The rational range of frequency coefficient was built by regression equation based on the confirmed range of strain coefficient, the frequency coefficient is regarded as a parameter to evaluate the bearing capacity of bridge structure, and its validity and rationality was proved by real project. The results shows that the structure is secure and with some safety margin when the frequency coefficient is greater than 1.111, the structure is dangerous when the frequency coefficient is less than 1.079, and the bearing capacity needs to be evaluated further when the coefficient is between1.111 and 1.079.
Thermal Environment of Traditional Dwelling Houses in Dry Hot and Dry Cold Climate Zone of China in Winter
Authors: Wang Deng Jia , Liu Yan Feng , Liu Jia Ping , Liu Jing Hua
Published: May 2011

In order to master the indoor thermal environment of the traditional dwelling houses in dry hot and dry cold climate zones in winter, the east Gansu province is taken for example to study. Indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation intensity and wind speed were obtained by using field-tested methods for the traditional dwelling houses in this region in winter, and the clothing form and activity of people were surveyed by way of questionnaire. And then, the influence of house orientation, indoor heat sources and insulation on the indoor thermal environment is analyzed, the WCI (wind chill index) is used to evaluate the indoor and outdoor thermal environment at last. The results show that: the indoor temperature can raise about 8.3 °C when the house orientation is better and Chinese kang as the heating heat source. The good practice on local structure is worthy of following for other houses, such as adobe posted solid brick wall, double windows, wooden sash windows and so on. However, people still feel very cool or cold about the indoor temperature for much of the day, and even people feel very cold for 5% of the day. At the end of thesis, some methods about the indoor thermal environment improvement are proposed.
Development of Bridge Geometry Detection System Based on PDA
Authors: Wang Yue , Shang Wen Tao
Published: May 2011

Deformation occurred in the bridge usage process due to the effort of self and external load. These deformations generally occurred in the absolute and relative position change of self and co-component including displacement, settlement, bending, distortion etc. The scope of this paper is to design a bridge geometry detection program system which using based on online PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). In the high speed data acquisition model, it can acquire the data of deflection, horizontal and vertical alignment, horizontal displacement in a real-time and digital way. In the data analysis module, it can evaluate the bridge safety and generate testing report through the comparison of the corresponding curves between the displacement and working positions.
Vertical Seismic Response of Self-Anchored Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge under Pile-Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Miao Feng , Ping Guan , Bo Wang
Published: May 2011

Based on scheme of Dalian gulf cross-sea bridge, in this paper, a 3-dimensional FE model for Self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge is established with finite element program and pile-soil-structure interaction is simulated by use of the equivalent embed fixation model. Based on the FE model, model analysis is carried out and the effects of pile-soil-structure interaction on dynamic behavior of long-span self-anchored cable-stayed suspension bridge are specially studied. Under vertical excitation, the seismic response analysis result considering that pile-soil-structure interaction was compared with that of without considering such interaction. The analysis result show that interaction reduced longitudinal displacement of stiffening beam in middle of main span and tower at bottom, moment at bottom of tower and auxiliary pier pile, but enlarged the moment of conjoining section between steel and steel beam. The research results provide some theoretical foundation to composite structure system.
Simulation of the Structural State of Prestressed Concrete Bridge after Fire
Authors: Chen Yun Hai , Chen Ke , Lu Jian Ming
Published: May 2011

Against the background of a prestressed concrete bridge undergoes fire, the structural properties of the bridge for time being was simulated and analyzed by the GQJS software. The structural parameters were modified according to damage condition of the bridge. The methods will be a valuable reference to analyze similar bridges undergo fire.
Effect of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag on Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Li Bei Xing , Yang Kai , Liu Jiang , Zhou Ming Kai
Published: May 2011

The effect of Fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on sulfuric acid resistance of concrete has been investigated in this study. Cement was replaced by FA with the incorporation amount from 20% to 50% or by GGBS from 35% to 65%. Results indicate that with an increase in fly ash replacement amount, the sulfuric acid resistance of concrete was improved. Sulfuric acid resistance of concrete with GGBS was improved only when the replacement amount of GGBS exceeds 50%. The basic reason for deterioration of concrete in sulfuric acid is the degradation of C-S-H gel in matrix. Increasing the content of SiO2 in cement paste can improve the acid resistance of concrete.
Comparative Study on the Pseudo Static Testing of Beam Transfer Structure of Frame-Supported Short-Leg Shearwall with and without Haunch
Authors: Qi Yong , Zhu Ci Mian , Zhong Shu Sheng , Lv Jia , Guo Zhi Gang
Published: May 2011

In order to analyse seismic behaviors of the haunched beam-shaped transfer floor, carried out the pseudo static testing, which were subjected to vertical loads and horizontal cyclic loads, respectively on two specimens, including the framed short-leg shear wall haunched beam-shaped transfer plane framework and the same dimension unhaunched beam-shaped transfer frame. The test shows that: 1) Haunched beam-shaped transfer structure can apparently improve the shear-bearing-capacity of the abutment section and reduce the beam dimension effectively, and it is easier to implement the aseismatic design principles, including “strong column and weak beam, strong shearing and weak bend”; 2) if the design is reasonable, haunched beam-shaped transfer structure can get better seismic behavior.
Inspection and Evaluation on Prestressing Tendon Force for PC Bridge
Authors: Guo Qi
Published: May 2011

Being the most critical component among long-span PC bridges, prestress steel tendon’s current condition is closely related to structural safety and durability. For the sake of measuring it exactly to estimate the condition for prestressing reservation practically in service stage, an invented instrument named Stretching Force Tester is applied to monitor the effective prestressing force of strand. The precision of this technology is guaranteed by means of amending analogous boundary condition and minimizing test errors through the tool of double-stage differences. Based on comparatively sophisticated prestressing loss method in current code, an evaluation model on attenuation of effective prestress is built up. By means of obtained stress datum on strand, recognition on two types of nominal coefficients for prestress losses is realized and regularities of practical distribution can be simulated simultaneously. The experimental results of a large-scale beam model demonstrate accuracy and practical utility of the technology.
The 3D Stress Analysis of Arch Foot for a Through Tied Arch Bridge
Authors: Yin Lu , Chen Bo , Bai Feng Tao , Zhu Bing
Published: May 2011

Due to computer performance, nowadays only parts of the structure can be executed the simulation analysis of 3D. For the prestressed structure, after took out the target segment from the original structure, the accuracy of the result is mainly depended on the boundary conditions and the accurate simulation of the tendons. This article took the 3D simulation analysis of the arch foot for an 80m tied arch bridge for example which introduced a method that could simulate the tendons precisely when performed local stress analysis and compared the results of the common method to this method. Via the contrast the rationality and advantages of the method are clear. A certain accuracy method was presented in this article when came across the similar analysis of local structure.
Application of Expansion Double Spherical Seismic Isolation Bearing in Seismic Design of Continuous Girder Bridges
Authors: Peng Tian Bo , Wang Zhen Nan , Yu Xun Tao , Yang Cheng Yu
Published: May 2011

The double spherical seismic isolation (DSSI for short) bearing has been adopted in seismic design of several important engineering projects since developed recently. It was used generally as fixed bearings in a continuous girder bridge in these projects, and only a few fixed piers, usually just one fixed pier would transmit the horizontal earthquake action to the foundation, which is uneconomical and results in the much larger seismic risk in the longitudinal direction of a continuous girder bridge than that in the transverse direction. In order to share the earthquake effect with all the piers and avoid relative vertical displacement among all the bearings under the normal traffic conditions, a new seismic design method of continuous girder bridges is introduced. The configuration and working mechanism of two kinds of DSSI bearings used to make the new seismic design possible are introduced. It’s shown that the method is preferable for the seismic design of continuous girder bridges by a numerical seismic analysis with a four-span continuous girder bridge.
Experimental Research of Assembly-Box Concrete Hollow Floor System under Gravity Load
Authors: Liu Jun Yan , Lu Gang , Liu Shou Qian , Xie Qun
Published: May 2011

Assembly-box concrete hollow floor is a new kind of cellular voided floor structure, in which a lot of prefabricated box-shaped interior forms are placed regularly on the formwork before the floor concrete is cast. The new type of box-shaped filler is termed assembly-box and could behave as load-bearing elements. Such floor system has many advantages, such as low self-weight, good mechanical behavior, equally flexural stiffness in two directions and high voided rate. The characteristic of this floor structure is the combination of precast assembly-box and cast-in orthogonal grids of ribs. For the purpose of understanding the behavior of this floor, a test has been carried out with three scale specimens under vertical loading. All experimental values provide essentially the same result that a typical flexural failure occurred under ultimate load and the structural system of assembly-box hollow could behave like an overall cast-in hollow floor. A part of the top plate in assembly-box could be viewed as the flange of rib beam during the process of structural design.
Mechanical Analysis of Deck Pavement of Curved Continuous Steel Box Girder
Authors: Cao Mu , Li Guo Fen , Zhu Hua Ping
Published: May 2011

The geometric structure of steel deck plates is complex. So it is difficult to get precise results in the mechanics calculation of deck pavement with traditional methods. This paper adopts the finite element method for the mechanics analysis of the composite guss asphalt surfacing layer of curved steel box girder bridges. By taking the orthotropic steel deck and the pavement as a whole, a reasonable finite element model is established and optimized for the mechanical study of steel deck pavement. This model can be used to study the stress and deformation features of the surfacing layer. According to the common diseases in steel deck pavements and the effect of the overload and the horizontal load in braking to the pavement, this paper puts forward the comprehensive control indicators for pavement failures.
Study on Ultimate Load-Carrying Capacity of Long-Span Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge with Three Pylons
Authors: Wang Long Fei
Published: May 2011

Taking a long-span composite girder cable-stayed bridge with three pylons under construction as the object of research, this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element model of a bridge considering the geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and interface slip effect in composite girder, and analyzes the failure loads and failure modes of the structure at bearing capacity limited state. The results show that the ultimate load-carrying capacity is high at bearing capacity limited state, load case whose live load acts on one main span is more unfavorable, and according to the structural failure modes, increasing the ability of the middle pylon to resist bending moment can improve the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the whole bridge quickly.