bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La communauté bitcoin
Authors: Orléan André
Published: July 2019

Selon l’approche institutionnaliste, la monnaie est avant tout un lien social, dont le fondement n’est pas dans l’État, mais dans la communauté de paiement, ce que confirme le bitcoin.
Le désirer toujours, ne l’aimer jamais
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: July 2019

Si l’argent est désirable parce qu’il pacifie les rapports sociaux, il devient tragique dès lors qu’il réclame d’être aimé pour lui-même. La soif de l’or oublie le sang des pauvres et, dans le capitalisme financier, prend la figure d’une passion du calcul.
Parler d’argent
Authors: Ancelet-Netter Dominique , Gress Thibaut , Hanna Christophe , Todeschini Giacomo , Riquier Camille
Published: July 2019

Nos manières de parler d’argent s’enracinent dans le discours chrétien concernant le salut, qui valorise la circulation, conservent des connotations péjoratives malgré leur rôle romanesque et leur technicisation actuelle, et déterminent à notre insu nos relations sociales les plus intimes.
La personne au centre
Authors: Kristeva Julia , Nivat Georges , Mongin Olivier
Published: July 2019

Julia Kristeva revient sur l’affaire de diffamation dont elle a fait l’objet, analyse le nouveau communautarisme des colères, évoque son engagement psychanalytique, son athéisme et son intérêt pour la foi, le féminisme et la notion européenne de personne.
Extractivisme prédateur et conflits de distribution écologique
Authors: Bisht Arpita , De Roo Priscilla
Published: July 2019

Cet article s’attaque au manque d’informations sur les nombreux conflits de distribution écologique (EDC) provoqués par l’extractivisme minier en Inde au cours de ces dernières années. Le minerai de fer est le métal le plus extrait en Inde et, par conséquent, les conflits liés à cette activité sont importants. Nous analysons ici neuf conflits majeurs surgis dans différents états de l’Inde. Dans l’analyse de ces cas, nous mettons l’accent que les conséquences de l’extractivisme prédateur dans le secteur de l’exploitation des minerais, ainsi que leurs impacts environnementaux, sociaux et culturels sur les régions minières « périphériques » de l’Inde.
Étudier les parcours individuels et conjugaux en France. Enjeux scientifiques et choix méthodologiques de l'enquête Épic
Authors: Rault Wilfried , Régnier-Loilier Arnaud
Published: July 2019

Pourquoi et comment réaliser une nouvelle enquête sur la formation des couples en France au début du XXI e siècle ? Cet article présente les principaux fondements de l’Étude des parcours individuels et conjugaux (Épic, Ined-Insee, 2013-2014), troisième enquête française sur la formation des couples après Le choix du conjoint (1959) et La formation des couples (1983-1984). Plusieurs objectifs ont guidé sa réalisation : saisir la diversité des formes de la conjugalité à partir d’une définition renouvelée du couple, rendre compte des trajectoires individuelles et conjugales grâce à un questionnement rétrospectif, étudier le fait de ne pas être en couple ou encore mettre au jour le caractère processuel de la séparation. Cette enquête aborde également des phénomènes intervenus depuis trois décennies : la création du pacs, la reconnaissance des unions de même sexe, l’essor des rencontres en ligne, etc. L’article revient ensuite sur la « fabrique » de l’enquête, des choix méthodologiques (champ, dimensionnement de l’échantillon, mode de passation) à la mise en œuvre pratique de la collecte sur le terrain (nombre d’enquêteurs, taux de participation, représentativité).
Vivre en couple pour la deuxième fois
Authors: Costemalle Vianney
Published: July 2019

Depuis le début des années 1950, les trajectoires conjugales et familiales se diversifient du fait, notamment, de l’augmentation des divorces et des séparations. Les études portant spécifiquement sur les deuxièmes unions sont pourtant rares. À partir de l’Étude des parcours individuels et conjugaux (Épic, Ined-Insee, 2013-2014), menée en France métropolitaine, cette note esquisse un portrait de ces nouveaux couples. On compare d’abord les caractéristiques du premier et du deuxième conjoint. La plupart du temps, ce dernier est plus jeune que le premier, appartient à une autre catégorie sociale et a déjà vécu en couple précédemment. On analyse ensuite la stabilité de la deuxième union, en particulier en lien avec le passé familial des enquêtés et de leurs nouveaux conjoints. Lorsque les deux conjoints sont déjà parents chacun de leur côté, la deuxième union présente un risque de rupture plus important, et une moindre probabilité de donner naissance à d’autres enfants.
La vérité est-elle un concept psychanalytique ? Le débat entre Lacan et Green
Authors: Maruani Guy
Published: July 2019

Marqué par Heidegger, Lacan a voulu faire de la vérité en tant que « non-voilement », aletheïa , une instance de la psychanalyse. Quittant sa place d’élève de Lacan, Green a refusé que la vérité soit celle du signifiant, la découvrant dans l’affect, donc le transfert, encore et toujours à résoudre.
Tanguy et le cadre de la case
Authors: Marotta Juliette , Bonnet Christian , Gimenez Guy
Published: July 2019

À partir de la bande dessinée produite par un patient nommé Tanguy, cet article s’attache à comprendre ce qui fait la spécificité du système signifiant de la bande dessinée afin de saisir quelles sont les qualités cliniques de ce média dans le champ de la création, et de quelle manière celui-ci peut mettre en lumière certains processus psychiques chez le patient créateur. Deux pistes de réflexions sont explorées : la première est l’espace encadrant de la case qui soutient, appelle et supporte l’activité représentative, et la deuxième concerne les mouvements transférentiels qui émergent au contact de cet espace.
Les visages de la démocratie dans les sociétés coopératives d’intérêt collectif (SCIC) au prisme du concept d’indétermination démocratique
Authors: Bonnemaizon Audrey , El Karmouni Hajar , Maignan Marion
Published: July 2019

La démocratie peut se concevoir comme un régime politique recouvrant un ensemble de règles, de procédures, d’institutions garantissant le « gouvernement du peuple, par le peuple et pour le peuple » selon la formule attribuée à Abraham Lincoln, mais aussi un régime politique qui se joue au-delà de la participation électorale, dans des formes variées d’activités civiques de délibération, de prise de parole et de décision (Rosanvallon, 2015). Comment faire vivre cet esprit de la démocratie dans les modèles d’organisation coopératifs ? Cet article vise à faire un état des lieux de la pluralité des formes de la démocratie dans les sociétés coopératives d’intérêt collectif (SCIC) et à identifier les dynamiques qui sous-tend leur mise en œuvre en appui sur une étude menée auprès des acteurs qui animent les SCIC. Nous montrons que la compréhension de la fabrique de la démocratie passe par le repérage des « indéterminations » (Rosanvallon, 2012) qui débouche sur autant de questionnements nourrissant les débats internes. Ceux-ci, une fois tranchés, permettent de stabiliser les modalités de la démocratie jusqu’à ce que les organisations rencontrent de nouvelles problématiques externes ou internes qui les obligent à inventer de nouvelles règles, de nouveaux dispositifs ou de nouvelles pratiques.
Electrospinning as a Versatile Method of Composite Thin Films Fabrication for Selected Applications
Authors: Matysiak Wiktor , Tański Tomasz , Smok Weronika
Published: July 2019

Today, one of the most popular nanomaterials are thin nanofibrous layers, which are used in many fields of industry, eg electronics, optics, filtration and the textile industry. They can be produced by various methods, such as drawing, template synthesis, molecular self-assembly or phase separation method, but the most common method is electrospinning from a solution or melts. Electrospinning is gaining more and more interest due to its versatility, simplicity and economy as well as the possibility of producing fibers from various types of polymeric, ceramic and metalic materials. Nanofibrous layers produced by this method are characterized by high quality and the desired physicochemical properties.
Radiological features of knee joint synovial chondromatosis
Authors: Boninsegna E. , Fassio A. , Testoni M. , Gatti D. , Viapiana O. , Mansueto G. , Rossini M.
Published: July 2019

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare condition with a very variable clinical presentation, thus making the diagnosis not immediate. We report a case of massive primary SC of the knee, properly evaluated with X-rays, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and successfully treated with an arthroscopic approach.
Parental experiences of a cerebral palsy clinic in a poor urbanizing community
Authors: Anderson Gillian , Venter Andre
Published: July 2019

Fifty-five parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) attending the CP Clinic at Baragwanath Hospital were randomly selected and interviewed. An open-ended, semi-structured verbal questionnaire was used to determine the parents' understanding of their child's diagnosis, their hopes and expectations and their impressions of the therapy service offered by the clinic. All parents attending the clinic for the first time were excluded. Results showed that although an explanation of the diagnosis had been given to 54 of the participants, only 40% gave a medical explanation for their child's problems. In all cases this explanation was brief and incomplete. Most parents (87%) were still hoping for a normal outcome. Seventy-three percent of parents wanted their children to "be like other children" and 18% saw walking as a short-term goal. Economic independence and the ability to fulfil a parental role were the most common long-term goals. Eighty-four percent stated they would continue to attend the clinic even if the therapy was not helping their children. Home visits were thought to be a good idea by the majority (82%) of parents. The study demonstrated that parents' understanding of CP was vague, and their hopes for their children's future unrealistic. As the majority of children attending the clinic were still young, the parents' hopes for a normal child may not be that unrealistic. Parents were generally satisfied with the service provided but this may reflect their disempowerment. The need for appropriate education of parents regarding diagnosis, outcome and services available is highlighted, as are the needs for establishing mutual goals in therapy, and empowering parents.
Homothallism, morphology and phylogenetic position of a new species of Sellaphora (Bacillariophyta), S. pausariae
Authors: Mann David G. , Poulíčková Aloisie
Published: July 2019

Background and aims – The eutrophic Blackford Pond in Edinburgh has already provided the holotypes of six other Sellaphora species. A further undescribed species is present and requires description and characterization.

Methods – Clones of the new species are characterized by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular phylogenetics (from a concatenated five-gene alignment of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 23S rDNA, cox1 and rbcL, and a two-gene alignment of cox1 and rbcL).

Key results – Sellaphora pausariae sp. nov. is named in honour of Dr Eileen Cox (‘pausaria’ = a lady coxswain). In molecular phylogenies, small-celled Sellaphora species (‘minima’ and ‘seminulum’ morphologies) branch off at the base of Sellaphora, though nodes are not well supported. Species and demes previously classified in either “Navicula pupula” or “Navicula bacillum” group into three very well supported clades (numbered 1–3). Although appearing in LM and SEM like a smaller, more delicate version of S. obesa, S. pausariae (clade 1) is not closely related to S. obesa (clade 2). Features of Sellaphora pausariae not confirmed previously in any Sellaphora but possibly widespread are: (a) hymenes with pores arranged in a regular scatter; (b) a stepped mantle near the poles; and (c) a ‘primodominant’ girdle comprising a wide band 1, a segmental band 2, and two extremely thin bands at the abvalvar end of the girdle. Sellaphora pausariae is homothallic; a deficiency of interclonal pairings in two-clone mixtures is interpreted as reflecting the tendency of cells to mate with their immediate neighbours.

Conclusions – Morphologically, the new species can be differentiated from existing described species, though only problematically from some informally named demes. Molecularly, it is clearly characterized by the five genes sequenced. Girdle terminology needs expansion (e.g. to distinguish primodominant girdles from ‘graded’ ones, in which the bands gradually decrease in width and structural complexity from the valve outwards).
The role of flood wave superposition for the severity of large floods
Authors: Guse Björn , Merz Bruno , Wietzke Luzie , Ullrich Sophie , Viglione Alberto , Vorogushyn Sergiy
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The severity of floods is shaped not only by event and catchment specific characteristics but also depends on river network configuration. At the confluence of relevant tributaries to the main river, flood event characteristics may change depending on magnitude and temporal matching of flood waves. This superposition of flood waves may potentially increase flood severity. However, this aspect is up to now not analysed for a large data set. To fill this gap, the role of flood wave superposition in determining flood severity is investigated. A novel methodological approach to analyse flood wave superposition is presented and applied to mean daily discharge data of 37 triple points from the four large river basins in Germany and Austria (Elbe, Danube, Rhine and Weser). A triple point consists of the three gauges at the tributary as well as upstream and downstream of the confluence to the main river. At the triple points, differences and similarities in flood characteristics are jointly analysed in terms of temporal matching and magnitudes of flood peaks. At many analysed confluences, the tributary peaks arrive consistently earlier than the main river peaks, but mostly high variability in the time lag is detected. No large differences in temporal matching are detected for floods of different magnitudes. In the majority of the cases, the largest floods at the downstream gauge occur not because of a perfect temporal matching of tributary and main river. In terms of spatial variability, the impact of flood wave superposition is site-specific. Characteristic patterns of flood wave superposition are detected for the flood peaks in the Danube, where peak discharge largely increases due to inflow from the alpine tributaries. Overall, we conclude that the superposition of flood waves is not the driving factor of flood peak severity in Germany, but a few confluences bear potential of strong flood magnifications in the case of temporal shift in flood waves.
Analysis of Employment Change in Response to Hurricane Landfalls
Authors: Cui Yuepeng , Liang Daan , Ewing Bradley
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Hurricanes cause extensive harm to local economies and in some cases the recovery may take years. As an adequate, skilled, and trained workforce is a prerequisite for economic development and capacity building, employment plays an important role in disaster reduction and mitigation efforts. The statistical relationship between hurricane landfalls and observed changes in employment at the county level is investigated. Hurricane impact is classified into temporary and permanent categories. In the former category, the level of economic activities is lowered following a hurricane landfall but quickly recovers to the pre-storm norm. In contrast, the permanent shift alters the mean value of the data and results in lasting losses in future years. The results show that Hurricane Katrina produced significant permanent impact on Orleans County, Louisiana. Chambers and Fort Bend counties experienced significant temporary impact due to the landfall of Hurricane Ike. The results are further discussed through qualitative analysis of various social, economic, and engineering factors in these affected communities. The findings support the notion that higher resilience level leads to quicker recovery after a disaster. However, the underlying data-generating processes are characterized and tested in a more detailed manner.
Soil Moisture and Hydrology Projections of the Permafrost Region: A Model Intercomparison
Authors: Andresen Christian G. , Lawrence David M. , Wilson Cathy J. , McGuire A. David , Koven Charles , Schaefer Kevin , Jafarov Elchin , Peng Shushi , Chen Xiaodong , Gouttevin Isabelle , Burke Eleanor , Chadburn Sarah , Ji Douying , Chen Guangsheng , Hayes Daniel , Zhang Wenxing
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study investigates and compares soil moisture and hydrology projections of broadly-used land models with permafrost processes and highlights the causes and impacts of permafrost zone soil moisture projections. Climate models project warmer temperatures and increases in precipitation (P) which will intensify evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff in land models. However, this study shows that most models project a long-term drying of the surface soil (0–20 cm) for the permafrost region despite increases in the net air-surface water flux (P-ET). Drying is generally explained by infiltration of moisture to deeper soil layers as the active layer deepens or permafrost thaws completely. Although most models agree on drying, the projections vary strongly in magnitude and spatial pattern. Land-models tend to agree with the decadal runoff trends but underestimate runoff volume when compared to gauge data across the major Arctic river basins, potentially indicating model structural limitations. In general, current generation land models lack representation of important landscape processes that drive uncertainty of the future hydrological state of the Arctic, and ultimately limits our capability to predict associated land-atmosphere biogeochemical processes across spatial and temporal scales.
Accompaniment by participation: The interpretation of mit as a free particle in German
Authors: Bücking Sebastian
Published: July 2019

This paper is about the interpretation of free mit ‘with’ in German as exemplified by Ben bastelt mit am Rad (lit. Ben tinkers with with the bike) ‘Ben is participating in a tinkering with the bike’ and Ben ist mit der größte (lit. Ben is with the tallest) ‘Ben belongs to the tallest people’. It provides a uniform compositional semantics according to which free mit distributes its target predication over the explicit subject and implicit alternatives in such a way that the subject is said to accompany an implicit host situation by participation. The proposal thus argues against previous approaches that treat free mit as a focus particle or an elliptical PP and that consider its combination with the superlative a separate construction. The evidence is drawn from a wide range of semantic-pragmatic properties not disclosed before: free mit is insensitive to focus and projection, while it introduces a distinction between a discourse-transparent accompaniment by the subject referent and discourse-opaque alternatives. Most crucially, free mit is only compatible with predication types that support an extension by accompaniment. While the analysis zooms in on a special lexeme, it also advances more general topics: the opposition between constructional and compositional approaches to the constitution of meaning, accompaniment relations as a vital diagnostic for the ontological foundation of predication types, and the intriguing behavior of the superlative in distributional contexts.
An Alternative Stratified Cox Model for Correlated Variables in Infant Mortality
Authors: Adeleke K.A. , Abiodun A.A.
Published: July 2019

Often in epidemiological research, introducing a stratified Cox model can account for the existence of interactions of some inherent factors with some major/noticeable factors. This paper aims at modelling correlated variables in infant mortality with the existence of some inherent factors affecting the infant survival function. A Stratified Cox model is proposed with a view to taking care of multi-factor-level that has interactions with others. This, however, is used as a tool to model infant mortality data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) with g-level-factor (Tetanus, Polio and Breastfeeding) having correlations with main factors (Sex, infant Size and Mode of Delivery). Asymptotic properties of partial likelihood estimators of regression parameters are also studied via simulation. The proposed models are tested via data and it shows good fit and performs differently depending on the levels of the interaction of the strata variable Z*. An evidence that the baseline hazard functions and regression coefficients are not the same from stratum to stratum provides a gain in information as against the usage of the Cox model. Simulation result shows that the present method produces better estimates in terms of bias, lower standard errors, and or mean square errors.
Les pratiques conduisant au succès ou à l’échec des coopérations d’innovation entre clients et fournisseurs
Authors: Servajean-Hilst Romaric , BenMahmoud-Jouini Sihem
Published: July 2019

Cette recherche a pour objectif d’identifier les pratiques critiques, c’est-à-dire conduisant au succès ou à l’échec, d’une coopération d’innovation entre clients et fournisseurs en mobilisant la méthode d’Analyse des Conditions Nécessaires. Elle s’appuie sur un échantillon de 160 coopérations d’innovation. Nous avons identifié 23 pratiques critiques comme par exemple l’absence de contrat, la définition précise des rôles et responsabilités de chacun des partenaires dans le projet d’innovation, ou bien l’implication fréquente de la fonction Marketing du client. Ces résultats permettent de recommander les dispositifs contractuels et les modalités de coordination à mobiliser et ceux à éviter pour maximiser les chances de succès des coopérations verticales d’innovation.
Covering Bones: The Archaeology of Respect on the Kazan River, Nunavut
Authors: Friesen T. Max , Stewart Andrew M.
Published: July 2019

Complex relationships between people and animals define life in the northern past. For Inuit these relationships are manifested in many ways, particularly in practices that are often described as showing respect for animals, thus promoting stable relations between animal and human societies. Frustratingly, many of these activities, which are so prominent in the ethnographic record, have few archaeological correlates. Here, we examine one important practice with a relatively high level of archaeological visibility: the concealment of caribou bones under stones and in other inaccessible areas, which thereby protect them from dogs and other disturbances that could offend the caribou’sinua(spirit, soul). We examine this phenomenon at several important caribou crossings and elsewhere at inland Inuit archaeological sites on the Kazan River, southern Nunavut, where we have conducted extensive surveys. This research was performed in collaboration with Baker Lake community members who have direct knowledge of these localities, including aspects of bone disposal. Together, these studies reveal a cultural landscape in which the human–caribou relationship is omnipresent, not just in terms of features relating to hunting and storage, but also with regard to the spiritual connection between these two interdependent categories of being.
Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Micro‐Arc Oxidation Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy AZ31—The Influence of Inclusions of Carbon Spheres
Authors: Li Chang-Yang , Feng Xiao-Lei , Fan Xiao-Li , Yu Xiao-Tong , Yin Zheng-Zheng , Kannan M. Bobby , Chen Xiao-Bo , Guan Shao-Kang , Zhang Jun , Zeng Rong-Chang
Published: July 2019

Poor corrosion and wear resistance of magnesium (Mg) alloys restrict their applications. Herein, corrosion and wear‐resistant films are formed upon Mg alloy AZ31 through a micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) process in silicate electrolyte in the presence of carbon spheres (CS). Surface morphology, chemical composition, corrosion resistance, hardness, and coefficient of friction (CoF) of the MAO coatings are investigated using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical and hydrogen evolution measurements, automatic micro‐hardness testing, and reciprocating tribometer, respectively. Results demonstrate that the surface morphology and hardness of MAO coatings vary with the concentration of CS. The presence of CS results in an increased coating thickness from 8.0 ± 1.8 to 12.2 ± 1.8 μm, mean pore size from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.9 ± 0.1 μm, open porosity of MAO coating from 4.2 ± 0.4 to 5.6% ± 1.1%, and coating hardness from 347.0 ± 59.0 to 853.0 ± 67.3 Vickers‐hardness (HV). Furthermore, CS‐modified MAO coatings lead to improved corrosion resistance in comparison with that of the neat MAO counterparts. Moreover, the high hardness and formation of SiC of CS‐modified coatings lead to a low and stabilized CoF, which implies an enhanced wear resistance.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology for Precision Cancer Medicine
Authors: Adir Omer , Poley Maria , Chen Gal , Froim Sahar , Krinsky Nitzan , Shklover Jeny , Shainsky‐Roitman Janna , Lammers Twan , Schroeder Avi
Published: July 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology are two fields that are instrumental in realizing the goal of precision medicine—tailoring the best treatment for each cancer patient. Recent conversion between these two fields is enabling better patient data acquisition and improved design of nanomaterials for precision cancer medicine. Diagnostic nanomaterials are used to assemble a patient‐specific disease profile, which is then leveraged, through a set of therapeutic nanotechnologies, to improve the treatment outcome. However, high intratumor and interpatient heterogeneities make the rational design of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms, and analysis of their output, extremely difficult. Integration of AI approaches can bridge this gap, using pattern analysis and classification algorithms for improved diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy. Nanomedicine design also benefits from the application of AI, by optimizing material properties according to predicted interactions with the target drug, biological fluids, immune system, vasculature, and cell membranes, all affecting therapeutic efficacy. Here, fundamental concepts in AI are described and the contributions and promise of nanotechnology coupled with AI to the future of precision cancer medicine are reviewed.
Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐Silicon Heterojunction for Efficient Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Yu LePing , Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Grace Tom S. L. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: July 2019

A novel type of solar cell has been developed based on charge separation at the heterojunction formed by a transparent conducting MXene electrode and an n‐type silicon (n‐Si) wafer. A thin layer of the native silicon dioxide plays an important role in suppressing the recombination of charge carriers. A two‐step chemical treatment can increase the device efficiency by about 40%. Promisingly, an average power conversion efficiency of over 10% under simulated full sunlight is achieved for this novel class of solar cell with the application of an antireflection layer. The efficiencies of these novel solar cells based on a MXene‐Si heterojunction achieved in this work point to great promise in emerging photovoltaic technology. In addition to their high efficiency, the excellent reproducibility of such devices establishes a solid base for possible future commercialization.
Liquid Crystallinity as a Self‐Assembly Motif for High‐Efficiency, Solution‐Processed, Solid‐State Singlet Fission Materials
Authors: Masoomi‐Godarzi Saghar , Liu Maning , Tachibana Yasuhiro , Mitchell Valerie D. , Goerigk Lars , Ghiggino Kenneth P. , Smith Trevor A. , Jones David J.
Published: July 2019

Solution and solution‐deposited thin films of the discotic liquid crystalline electron acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐D‐A) p‐type organic semiconductor FHBC(TDPP)2, synthesized by coupling thienyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) onto a fluorenyl substituted hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (FHBC) core, are examined by ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and time‐resolved photoluminescence studies to examine their ability to support singlet fission (SF). Grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray (GIWAX) studies indicate that as‐cast thin films of FHBC(TDPP)2 are “amorphous,” while hexagonal packed discotic liquid crystalline films evolve during thermal annealing. SF in as‐cast thin films is observed with an ≈150% triplet generation yield. Thermally annealing the thin films improves SF yields up to 170%. The as‐cast thin films show no long‐range order, indicating a new class of SF material where the requirement for local order and strong near neighbor coupling has been removed. Generation of long‐lived triplets (µs) suggests that these materials may also be suitable for inclusion in organic solar cells to enhance performance.
A look into the future? Patients' and health care staff's perception and evaluation of genetic information and the right not to know
Authors: Lenk Christian , Duttge Gunnar , Flatau Laura , Frommeld Debora , Poser Wolfgang , Reitt Markus , Schulze Thomas , Weber Alexandra , Zoll Barbara
Published: July 2019

The progress of medical genetics leads to a significant increase in genetic knowledge and a vast expansion of genetic diagnostics. However, it is still unknown how these changes will be integrated into medical practice and how they will change patients' and healthy persons' perception and evaluation of genetic diagnoses and genetic knowledge. Therefore, we carried out a comprehensive questionnaire survey with more than 500 patients, clients seeking genetic counseling, health care staff, and healthy persons (N = 523). The questionnaire survey covered detailed questions on the value of genetic diagnoses for the different groups of study participants, the right to know or not to know genetic diagnoses, possible differences between genetic and other medical diagnoses, and the practical use and implications of genetic knowledge with a special focus on hereditary neuropsychiatric diseases. A huge majority of the participants (90.7%) stated to have a right to learn every aspect of her or his genetic make‐up. Similarly, study participants showed high interest (81.8%) in incidental health care findings—independent of whether the diseases are treatable or not. One can derive from the data outcome that study participants did not follow the implications of a “genetic exceptionalism” and often considered genetic findings as equivalent in relation to other medical diagnoses.
Testing the weekend effect hypothesis: Time of day and lunar phase better predict the timing of births in laboratory‐housed primates than day of week
Authors: Hopper Lydia M. , Fernandez‐Duque Eduardo , Williams Lawrence E.
Published: July 2019

The weekend effect hypothesis proposes that captive primates are more likely to give birth during times of low disturbance and reduced staff activity. The hypothesis specifically predicts that laboratory‐housed primates will be more likely to give birth during the weekend than weekdays when staff activity is reduced. To date, support for the weekend effect hypothesis has been mixed and based on studies with relatively few subjects. To further examine the hypothesis, we analyzed the birthing patterns of three genera of laboratory‐housed primates: squirrel monkeys (Saimiri species, N = 2,090 births), owl monkeys (Aotus species, N = 479 births), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, N = 2,047 births). Contrary to predictions derived from the weekend effect hypothesis, the frequencies of births during weekends for all taxa were not significantly different from rates that would be expected by chance. However, while there was no variance across days of the week, all three taxa gave birth at nighttime, when staff was absent. This parallels reports of births in wild and captive monkeys, both diurnal and nocturnal, which are more likely to give birth during the night; plausibly a time when the environmental and social disturbance is lowest and the mother is safest to bond with her newborn infant. As all births occurred at night, we also explored the relationship between the lunar cycle and the timing of births timing. While the diurnal primates (i.e., Saimiri and Macaca) were no more likely to give birth on “bright” nights than “dark” nights, owl monkeys (Aotus) had a much higher frequency of births on bright nights than darker ones, and at rates that deviated from chance. Our data provide a more detailed understanding on how the environment may influence captive monkey births but do not support the oft‐cited weekend effect hypothesis.
Development and Application of a Rheological Method to Investigate Crystallization of Palm Oil
Authors: Moelants Katlijn R. N. , Smith Paul R. , Lipkie Tristan E. , Steinbach Adam J. , Leyva Gerardo , Süverkrüp Fenja C. H. , Wallecan Joël R.
Published: July 2019

Structuring of fatty products is important in producing palatable food products. Saturated fat (SAFA) crystals are needed to bring structure to many products (such as bakery or confectionery). In a product control of the structure by fat nucleation and crystallization, it is important to deliver the correct performance. Many techniques only work on quiescent systems and give limited information about the sheared systems that are generally found in industrial production of products. This article presents a novel rheological technique that can be used to probe crystallization and network structure under sheared conditions. The results show that crystallization of palm oil can be divided into different key stages. These result from initial nucleation, structuring by the crystals, polymorphic transformation, further structure building, and then subsequent relaxation. Significant postcrystallization (sintering) events occur over at least a day. It is seen that the shear rate leads to possibilities for crystallization control. Higher shear gives a reduction in network strength (as measured by G′) of the initial crystal network. However, after longer posthardening, results are very similar. This work enables the development of a fast tool that can be used to monitor structure formation in fats and reveals the relative importance of the nucleation–crystallization and postcrystallization events in sheared systems.
Effect of a Mutant Danbaekkong Allele on Soybean Seed Yield, Protein, and Oil Concentration
Authors: Cunicelli Mia J. , Bhandari Hem S. , Chen Pengyin , Sams Carl E. , Mian M. A. Rouf , Mozzoni Leandro A. , Smallwood Christopher J. , Pantalone Vincent R.
Published: July 2019

There is a known negative correlation between soybean [Glycine max [L.] Merr.] seed protein and oil and between protein and yield. This challenges breeders to increase protein concentration while maintaining oil concentration and yield. The objective of this study was to determine if marker‐assisted selection for the Danbaekkong (Dan) protein allele on chromosome 20 influences seed yield and quality traits in near isogenic genetic backgrounds. A population of 24 F7‐derived near isogenic lines (NIL) of soybean was created by crossing G03‐3101 × LD00‐2817P. The 24 NIL consisted of 12 wild type (WT) and 12 mutant Dan type lines. These NIL were grown in 2016 and 2017 field seasons in replicated field trials in nine environments, with six in Tennessee and one each in Arkansas, Missouri, and North Carolina. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield, protein, and oil concentrations between the two experimental groups. The Dan group had significantly (P < 0.05) more protein (421 g kg−1), less oil (192 g kg−1), and lower yield (3143 kg ha−1) than the WT group (390 g kg−1 protein, 210 g kg−1 oil, and 3281 kg ha−1 yield). These results support previous research and corroborate the overall negative genetic correlations. Nevertheless, seed yield of several higher‐protein Dan lines MC‐13, MC‐16, MC‐19, and MC‐24 exceeded seed yield of lower protein WT lines MC‐2, MC‐3, MC‐6, and MC‐10. The higher‐protein lines represent genetic resources for reducing the negative correlation between protein and yield.
Multiple Photoluminescent Processes from Pyrene Derivatives with Aggregation‐ and Mechano‐Induced Excimer Emission
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Jing , Yin Jun , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: July 2019

Two novel pyrene‐based isocyanide gold(I) complexes have been designed and synthesized. The different structures lead to distinct and diverse photophysical properties both in solution and in the aggregate state. Multiple photoluminescence, involving monomer emission, locally excited emission and excimer emission, are observed. Notably, an excimer is formed by aggregation in solution and external mechanical stimulation in the solid state, showing aggregation‐ and mechano‐induced excimer emission.
Examining the ethical environment in higher education
Authors: Richardson Mary , Healy Mary
Published: July 2019

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) across the world have found themselves faced with new challenges on issues of ethics. Much of this has been centred on issues of assessment: plagiarism, buying essays, sharing/lending of previously passed work and the stealing of marked/returned work of others. Institutions still treat academic misconduct as largely a behavioural difficulty rather than an issue of ethics (or education), suggesting that academia places a far greater emphasis on combating new forms of dishonesty than it does on encouraging ethical habits and a healthy ethical environment. To date, the majority of research in this area has examined these forms of academic misconduct from the point of view of the student and/or the university, with the perspective of academics receiving very limited attention. Our hypothesis is that academics are perhaps best placed to provide the education needed to create and sustain an ethical environment, and we argue that being ‘ethically aware’ is a critical factor in the development of academic competence for all parties. This study adds to existing research in three ways: firstly, by highlighting the importance of an overall framework for an ethical environment within HEIs; secondly, by suggesting an ecological model of key parties (the university, students and academics) with responsibility for this environment in assessment; and thirdly, by including new evidence (generated by a survey of academics) to extend our understanding of their views on these issues.
Triazole‐Pyridine Dicarbonitrile Targets Phosphodiesterase 4 to Induce Cytotoxicity in Lung Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Keerthy Hosadurga K. , Mohan Surender , Basappa  , Bharathkumar Hanumantharayappa , Rangappa Shobith , Svensson Fredrick , Bender Andreas , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Bhatnagar Rakesh
Published: July 2019

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and widely expressed in several types of cancers. The inhibition of PDE4 results in an increased concentration of intracellular cAMP levels that imparts the anti‐inflammatory response in the target cells. In the present report, two series of triazolo‐pyridine dicarbonitriles and substituted dihydropyridine dicarbonitriles were synthesized using green protocol (TBAB in refluxed water). We next evaluated the title compounds for their cytotoxicity towards lung cancer (A549) cells and identified 7′‐[4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]‐5′‐oxo‐1′,5′‐dihydrospiro[cyclohexane‐1,2′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine]‐6′,8′‐dicarbonitrile (5h) and 7′‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐5′‐oxo‐1′,5′‐dihydrospiro[cyclohexane‐1,2′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine]‐6′,8′‐dicarbonitrile (5j) as lead analogs with the IC50 values of 15.2 and 24.1 μm, respectively. Furthermore, all the new compounds were tested for PDE4 inhibitory activity and 5j showed relatively good inhibitory activity towards PDE4 with inhibition of 50.9 % at 10 μm. In silico analysis demonstrated the favorable interaction of the title compounds with the target enzyme. Taken together, the present study introduces a new scaffold for the development of novel PDE4 inhibitors to fight against inflammatory diseases.
Highly Active and Selective Ru‐PNH Catalyst in Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Amines
Authors: Aman Michal , Tremmel Jakub , Dostál Libor , Erben Milan , Tydlitát Jiří , Jansa Josef , Jambor Roman
Published: July 2019

Set of [Ru(η6‐cymene)(R)XCl] (R=L1SnCl, L1GeCl L2PPh2, X=Cl or SnCl3, L1=[2‐(CH2NEt2)‐4,6‐(tBu)2C6H2]−, L2=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3‐NH−) catalysts was tested in aerobic oxidations of primary amines. The activity of studied catalysts depends on the charge of the Ru atom that has been influenced either by donating ligands R or by character of X. Typical Ru/P catalyst [Ru(η6‐cymene)(L2PPh2)Cl2] (3) with least negative charge on the Ru atom has been observed as the most effective. The design of the phosphine ligand L2 containing amino‐phosphine PNH moiety provided efficient anchoring of complex 3 to silica gel via hydrogen bonding of the PNH functional group to SiO2 to give heterogeneous catalyst 3‐silica. This complex has been also efficiently tested in aerobic oxidation as recyclable catalyst with cumulative TON up to 6930.
Early detection of undesirable deviations in must fermentation using a portable FTIR‐ATR instrument and multivariate analysis
Authors: Cavaglia Julieta , Giussani Barbara , Mestres Montserrat , Puxeu Miquel , Busto Olga , Ferré Joan , Boqué Ricard
Published: July 2019

A portable FTIR‐ATR spectrometer was used to monitor small‐scale must fermentations (microvinifications) with the aims to describe the process and to early detect problematic fermentations. Twenty fermentations at normal operation conditions (NOC) and three fermentations that were intentionally deviated from NOC (yeast assimilable nitrogen deficiency—YAN) were monitored. FTIR‐ATR spectra were registered after a minimum sample pretreatment during the fermentation process. In addition, density, sugars (glucose and fructose), and acetic acid contents were determined by traditional methods. Different multivariate analysis strategies (global and local models) were applied to the spectroscopic data to describe the evolution of the NOC fermentation and to early detect the abnormal fermentations. Global models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) allowed to describe the evolution of fermentations in time and to correctly classify NOC and YAN fermentations. Abnormal deviations were successfully detected by developing one model for each sampling time. YAN experiments could be identified 49 hours after the beginning of the fermentations by means of Hotelling T2 and residual F statistics. In conclusion, ATR‐FTIR coupled to multivariate analysis showed great potential as a fast and simple at‐line analysis tool to monitor wine fermentation and to early detect fermentation problems.
Easy Ruthenium‐Catalysed Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles under Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Achard Thierry , Egly Julien , Sigrist Michel , Maisse‐François Aline , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: July 2019

A dehydrogenation of primary amine to give the corresponding nitrile under oxidant‐ and base‐free conditions catalysed by simple [Ru(p‐cym)Cl2]2 with no extra ligand is reported. The system is highly selective for alkyl amines, whereas benzylamine derivatives gave the nitrile product together with the imine in a ratio ranging from 14:1 to 4:1 depending on the substrate. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have been performed to identify the key factors that govern the selectivity.
Design Strategy of Decorating Phenylcarbazole with a Donor and Acceptor for Blue‐Shifted Emission in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Kim Do Sik , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Hong Wan Pyo
Published: July 2019

A series of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters of 1′′‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9,9′′‐diphenyl‐9H,9′′H‐3,3′:9′,4′′‐tercarbazole (TrzCz1) and 3′,6′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐4,9′‐bicarbazole (TrzCz2) were synthesized through a molecular design approach to decorate phenylcarbazole with a donor and an acceptor. The 1‐ and 4‐positions of the phenylcarbazole core were modified with a diphenyltriazine acceptor and a bicarbazole or tert‐butylcarbazole donor, respectively, through a synthetic strategy to introduce Br at the 1‐position and F at the 4‐position. The TrzCz1 and TrzCz2 emitters showed maximum photoluminescence emission bands at λ=443 and 433 nm, which were blueshifted relative to those of the corresponding TADF emitters with the same donor and acceptor, respectively. In the device application, the TrzCz1 emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.4 %, with a color coordinate of (0.16, 0.21), and the TrzCz2 emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.9 %, with a color coordinate of (0.14, 0.09). This work proved that the design strategy of decorating phenylcarbazole with a donor and an acceptor is effective at blueshifting the emission of TADF emitters.
Efficient content retrieval in fog zone using Nano‐Caches
Authors: Singh Simar Preet , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Anju
Published: July 2019

It is always desired to improve the response time from cloud servers, which deliver contents without buffering. As the penetration of mobile/fog devices is increasing, the limits of cellular ranges come under question. This question arises in spite of the fact that the current Internet Service Providers and data operators are adding cellular towers frequently to reduce delay and enhance performance. This performance can be improved by increasing Nano‐Cache(s) at the edges of the network for forwarding interrelated contents to remote corner of the earth. In this research work, Nano‐Caches are integrated for delivering contents efficiently, using search‐based optimization techniques, which are energy and response aware in nature. An algorithm, namely, Modified Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization(MTLBO), is devised and implemented in fog zone to find efficient route for forwarding contents using Nano‐Caches and subsequently to improve content retrieval time. Mathematical distribution model of traffic is used for simulation process. MTLBO is compared with existing algorithms, namely, Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (TLBO) Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (SA) Algorithm. The design of experiments (DOE) was carried out to observe number of iterations, learning rate, and by changing the network size. Java library was used for observing values of memory and execution time. The results show that Modified Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (MTLBO) approach is better than Teaching Learning‐Based Optimization (TLBO) approach as it has less overheads in terms of memory (considering number of fog caches) and network size for delivering contents at remote areas. In comparison to the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, MTLBO performs better in terms of execution time, overhead in terms of memory, and scalability as function of network size.