bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado del arte de la competencia comunicativa intercultural como nuevo enfoque metodológico en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Bernal Betancur Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2020

Este artículo realiza un rastreo del estado del arte en cuanto al enfoque metodológico en la enseñanza del inglés conocido principalmente como ‘La Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural’. Dicho rastreo se llevó a cabo en bases de datos disponibles en la biblioteca virtual de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, la

bibliografía disponible en la misma universidad y Google académico.

Los resultados evidencian dificultades en el aprendizaje del inglés. También se halló que el enfoque gramatical de enseñanza del inglés no es eficaz ni para desarrollar las competencias comunicativas de los estudiantes, ni para obtener altos puntajes en las pruebas estandarizadas. Del mismo modo se pudo evidenciar, que los docentes de inglés tienen una visión acrítica de la supremacía de este en el mundo y le otorgan mayor prestigio a los profesores nativos. Igualmente, se encontró que los gobiernos muestran un gran interés en mejorar el nivel de lengua inglesa de los estudiantes en los diferentes niveles escolares. Finalmente, se evidenció la falta de estudios relacionados al enfoque metodológico de la competencia comunicativa intercultural. En conclusión, se deben realizar investigaciones relacionadas con la implementación de enfoques comunicativos en la enseñanza del inglés que apuesten por la formación integral de usuarios de lengua competentes. Además, se deben asumir unas posiciones más críticas por parte de los docentes de inglés en cuanto al papel del idioma en el mundo.
Oralidad y formación de maestros en la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba
Authors: Murillo Mena María Evangelina
Published: August 2020

La presente investigación titulada Los sentidos de la formación docente en las licenciaturas de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó «Diego Luis Córdoba» –UTCH–, Colombia, pretende como objetivo general develar los sentidos de la formación docente que configuran los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en Lenguas (Español y Literatura, e Inglés y Francés) de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó «Diego Luis Córdoba» –en adelante, UTCH–, en torno a las tradiciones orales y a las variaciones lingüísticas regionales de la lengua castellana.
Ultraviolet laser cleaning and surface characterization of AH36 steel for rust removal
Authors: Lu Yao , Ding Ye , Wang Genwang , Yang LiJun , Wang Maolu , Wang Yang , Guo Bin
Published: August 2020

Laser cleaning of rusted surfaces has broad applications in marine ship industrial manufacturing. An ultraviolet nanosecond laser cleaning method was proposed to strip the rust layer from the surface of the AH36 steel to reduce surface roughness and increase corrosion resistance. Multi-pulse laser ablation was established to determine the single-pulse threshold fluence and pulse incubation coefficient of the substrate. Based on the experimental results, the surface cleaned at a fluence of 3.17 J/cm2 has the best combination of corrosion resistance and roughness. The chemical composition and microstructure of the sample surface were measured via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated with electrochemical measuring. The results showed that the laser-cleaned surface has approximately five times greater corrosion resistance than the rusted surface. The proposed method is an environmentally friendly approach that effectively increases corrosion resistance, which may subsequently extend the service lifetime of a ship. Hence, this study may contribute to the development of laser manufacturing.
Privacy Attack on Multiple Dynamic Match-key based Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage
Authors: Vidanage Anushka , Ranbaduge Thilina , Christen Peter , Randall Sean
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Over the last decade, the demand for linking records about people across databases has increased in various domains. Privacy challenges associated with linking sensitive information led to the development of privacy-preserving record linkage techniques. The multiple dynamic match-key encoding approach recently proposed by Randall et al. (IJPDS, 2019) is such a technique aimed at providing sufficient privacy for linkage applications while obtaining high linkage quality. However, the use of this encoding in large databases can reveal frequency information that can allow the re-identification of encoded values.
Objectives
We propose a frequency-based attack to evaluate the privacy guarantees of multiple dynamic match-key encoding. We then present two improvements to this match-key encoding approach to prevent such a privacy attack.
Methods
The proposed attack analyses the frequency distributions of individual match-keys in order to identify the attributes used for each match-key, where we assume the adversary has access to a plain-text database with similar characteristics as the encoded database. We employ a set of statistical correlation tests to compare the frequency distributions of match-key values between the encoded and plain-text databases. Once the attribute combinations used for match-keys are discovered, we then re-identify encoded sensitive values by utilising a frequency alignment method. Next, we propose two modifications to the match-key encoding; one to alter the original frequency distributions and another to make the frequency distributions uniform. Both will help to prevent frequency-based attacks.
Results
We evaluate our privacy attack using two large real-world databases. The results show that in certain situations the attack can successfully re-identify a set of sensitive values encoded using the multiple dynamic match-key encoding approach. On the databases used in our experiments, the attack is able to re-identify plain-text values with a precision and recall of both up to 98%. Furthermore, we show that our proposed improvements are able to make this attack harder to perform with only a small reduction in linkage quality.
Conclusions
Our proposed privacy attack demonstrates the weaknesses of multiple match-key encoding that should be taken into consideration when linking databases that contain sensitive personal information. Our proposed modifications ensure that the multiple dynamic match-key encoding approach can be used securely while retaining high linkage quality.
Identifying children with Cystic Fibrosis in population-scale routinely collected data in Wales
Authors: Griffiths Rowena , Schlüter Daniela K , Akbari Ashley , Cosgriff Rebecca , Tucker David , Taylor-Robinson David
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The challenges in identifying a cohort of people with a rare condition can be addressed by routinely collected, population-scale electronic health record (eHR) data, which provide large volumes of data at a national level. This paper describes the challenges of accurately identifying a cohort of children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) using eHR and their validation against the UK CF Registry.
Objectives
To establish a proof of principle and provide insight into the merits of linked data in CF research and the benefits of access to multiple data sources. In particular, the UK CF Registry data, and to demonstrate the opportunity it represents as a resource for future CF research.
 
Method
Three eHR data sources were used to identify children with CF born in Wales between 1st January 1998 and 31st August 2015 within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank.  The UK CF Registry was later acquired by SAIL and linked to the eHR cohort to validate the cases and explore the reasons for misclassifications.
Results
We identified 352 children with CF in the three eHR data sources. This was greater than expected based on historical incidence rates in Wales. Subsequent validation using the UK CF Registry found that 257 (73%) of these were true cases. Over 98% of individuals identified as CF cases in all three eHR data sources were confirmed as true cases; but this was only the case for 19.8% of those identified in a single data source.
Conclusion
Identifying health conditions in eHR data can be challenging, so data quality assurance and validation is important or the merit of the research is undermined. This retrospective review identifies some of the challenges in identifying CF cases and demonstrates the benefits of linking cases across multiple data sources to improve quality.
A CENTRALIDADE DO TRABALHO EM DEBATE: NOTAS PARA UM BALANÇO HISTÓRICO E APONTAMENTOS PARA O PRESENTE E FUTURO DA LUTA DE CLASSES
Authors: Normanha Ricardo
Published: August 2020

A reestruturação produtiva no último meio século e suas consequências no mundo do trabalho fizeram emergir no campo das Ciências Sociais debates que colocaram em questão a centralidade do trabalho para a compreensão das novas dinâmicas do capitalismo. Deste debate participaram nomes como André Gorz, Claus Offe e Jürgen Habermas, por um lado e por outro, autores como István Mészáros, Sérgio Lessa e Ricardo Antunes. Ao retomar na obra marxiana a dimensão mais ampliada da categoria trabalho e situá-lo em sua perspectiva ontológica, é possível compreender a complexidade das formas de trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo analisando-o a partir das suas metamorfoses e do surgimento de novas – e precárias – formas de assalariamento.
ASPECTOS SÓCIO HISTÓRICOS DA IGREJA CATÓLICA NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Reis Marcos Vinicius Freitas , Py Fabio , Pimentel Walbi
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho consiste em uma recapitulação socio-histórica da presença da Igreja Católica na Amazônia, região do Brasil que desde sua colonização foi ocupada principalmente pelos portugueses com o apoio desta instituição. Desde o século XVI diversas ordens religiosas católicas desenvolveram métodos de catequização com a população local – índios, negros, colonos – com o intuito de implantar um modelo de sociedade baseada nos princípios cristãos. Essa presença, porém, não foi ausente de conflitos. Utilizaremos como metodologia as referências bibliográficas dos principais autores que discutem a presença desta matriz religiosa em uma das principais áreas da Amazônia brasileira.
Identifikasi Daerah Kerawanan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Penginderaan Jauh di Kawasan Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Humam As'ad , Hidayat Masrul , Nurrochman Arsy , Anestatia Ade Irma , Yuliantina Aisyah , Aji Salomo Pranata
Published: August 2020

Bentang luas kawasan gambut provinsi Jambi berkisar 621.000 ha dan luas hutan 2.107.779 ha. Sebaran lahan gambut terdapat pada kawasan kabupaten bagian hilir serta bagian pantai timur Sumatera yaitu Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur (46%), Kabupaten Muaro Jambi (30%) dan Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat (20%) maka, sangat diperlukan untuk menganalisis daerah tersebut secara geospasial serta membuat skenario kerawanan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Terdapat 7 parameter untuk membuat peta kerawanan kebakaran hutan dan lahan yaitu suhu udara, akses jalan, akses sungai, kepadatan hotspot, peruntukan lahan, curah hujan, dan penggunaan lahan. Ketujuh parameter tersebut diklasifikasikan serta dilakukan koreksi citra Landsat 8 yang kemudian dibobotkan dengan melalui proses Weighted Overlay. Hasil proses Weighted Overlay menghasilkan peta kerawanan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Peta kerawanan kebakaran hutan dan lahan menghasilkan 3 kelas yaitu sangat rawan, sedang, dan tidak rawan. Skenario tersebut menghasilkan peta kerawanan kebakaran hutan wilayah dengan potensi sangat rawat berada pada daerah Desa Senyeran dan Pengabuan dengan luas wilayah 35.068 ha
Sustainability Standards and Certification dan Pathway Menuju Produksi Kopi Berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Authors: Ibnu Muhammad , Marlina Lina
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menganalisis hambatan (barriers) dan peluang (opportunities) yang dihadapi petani kecil terkait partisipasi dalam SSC, dan (2) untuk merefleksikan apa implikasinya (hambatan dan peluang tersebut) bagi jalur (pathway) menuju produksi kopi yang lebih berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Temuan penulis menyiratkan bahwa keberlanjutan ekonomi harus menjadi dasar keberlanjutan dalam produksi kopi Indonesia. Namun ada hubungan inheren antara dimensi keberlanjutan ekonomi dan sosial dan lingkungan, yang selanjutnya menyiratkan bahwa pandangan sistemik diperlukan untuk lebih memahami faktor-faktor penting yang mengarah pada produksi kopi yang lebih berkelanjutan.  Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan dalam produksi kopi Indonesia, SSC dan studi selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan fokus mereka pada bagaimana mengharmonisasi berbagai skema SSC global, meningkatkan potensi SSC nasional, menjawab berbagai  isu terkait produksi seperti bagaimana petani dapat mengatasi perubahan iklim (misalnya, kenaikan suhu, curah hujan dan lain-lain) dan mengurangi risiko gagal panen, serta bagaimana partisipasi wanita dalam rantai nilai kopi dapat ditingkatkan.
Mavi-Yeşil Altyapı Kapsamında Erzurum Kent Merkezinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DEMİRCAN Neslihan , AKSU Ayşegül , KUZULUGİL Ali Can
Published: August 2020

Kentleşme gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. İnsanların yaklaşık üçte ikisi kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Kentleşmenin artması, kentsel alanlarda hem doğal hem de kültürel peyzaj kaynaklarına büyük baskılar oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözülmesi için mavi -yeşil altyapı kapsamında yapılacak doğru ve etkili planlamalar, küresel baskıları azaltamayı sağlayacaktır. Mavi-yeşil alt yapı çok yönlü olması ve bağlantılığı sağlamasıyla bu hedefin başarılmasında etkindir. Çalışmada, mavi- yeşil altyapı sistemleri hakkında dünya ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Erzurum’daki Mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen mevcut aktif yeşil alanların (86,43 ha) 2,28 m² olduğu kentte mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerinden, kentsel yeşil alanların yetersiz olduğu sayısal olarak görülmektedir. Ayrıca Erzurum kentinde diğer bileşenlerin de yetersizliği belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerini artırmaya yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Auroville Ekoköyü ve Erdem Bahçeleri
Authors: ZEYBEK Osman
Published: August 2020

Ekoköy akımı, kentlerin birer ekolojik yıkım merkezi olmasının akabinde, ekolojik dengeyi yeniden sağlamak için en umut verici yollardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen Auroville ekoköyü, sahip olduğu ekolojik zenginlikleri ve spiritüel boyutu ile oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Ekoköyde yaşayan insanların ruhsal sağlığı için özel bahçeler bile oluşturulmuştur.Terapi bahçeleri, insanların fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve spiritüel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere özel olarak tasarlanan açık ve yeşil alanlardır. Literatürde sağlık bahçeleri ya da iyileştirme bahçeleri şeklinde de geçen bu yapılar daha çok hastane bahçeleri, huzur ve sevgi evleri, sürekli bakım merkezleri gibi yerlerde tesis edilmektedir. Bahçelerin odak noktası öncelikle bitkileri ve dost canlısı vahşi yaşamı bir araya getirmektir.Bu araştırmada, 1968 yılında Hindistan’da kurulan Auroville ekoköyünün tarihi, tasarım prensipleri ve merkezindeki Matrimandir tapınak kompleksi incelenmiştir. Derleme niteliğinde hazırlanan çalışma, ekoköyler hakkında Türkçe literatürü zenginleştirmek amacıyla elde edilen kaynaklardan Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir. Auroville gibi, Ekoköy akımının son derece önemli bir temsilcisi olan girişime dair veriler, Auroville arşiv sorumlusu Gilles Guigan ile e-posta üzerinden haberleşerek ve Auroville’in resmi internet sitesinden derlenmiştir.
Effects of Landscape Fragmentation on Endemic Plant Species of Siirt
Authors: SÜTÜNÇ Huriye Simten
Published: August 2020

In this study we aim to investigate the effect of fragmentation on the endemic plant species in the Siirt landscape between 2000 and 2012. Patch classes were systematically generated using CORINE land cover/land use data from 2000 to 2012. Landscape metrics were calculated using the PatchGrid plug-in that is included in the Patch Analyst programme, which works on FRAGSTATS interface. Furthermore, IUCN red list classes of endemic plant species in this landscape were evaluated. Thus, the most fragmented patch classes were coastal landscape and vineyards in 2012. MPS, NumP, and CA values for both these patch classes showed a 100% decrease. On the other hand, fruit trees and berry plantations, sparsely vegetated areas, non-irrigated arable land and natural grasslands turned into larger patches during the same period. When the relationship between endemic species and patch classes was investigated, 48% of the patch classes in which these species were found changed.
Akarsu Kıyılarının Kent Kimliğine Katkısı: Çoruh Nehri Örneği
Authors: DUMAN Gizem , TURGUT Hilal
Published: August 2020

Yaşam alanlarının kalitesinin göstergesi olan kentsel kimlik, fiziksel ve doğal çevrenin geçmişten günümüze aktarılan toplumların ortak değerlerine, sosyal ilişkilerine ve kültürel ve sanatsal yaşam biçimlerine katkısının sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar. Kentler ve toplumlar kimlikleri ile var olurlar. Çoruh nehrinin Artvin il sınırları içerisinde kalan Deriner ve Borçka Barajları arasındaki yaklaşık 31km’lik bölümünde yürütülen bu çalışmada, doğal peyzaj karakterleri özelinde Çoruh Nehri kıyılarının kültürel, doğal ve çevresel özellikleri bir bütün olarak ele alınarak kentsel imaj ve kent kimliği oluşturma potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla araştırmanın birinci aşamasında doğal peyzaj karakterlerinden su yüzeyi, arazi formu, vejetasyon, jeolojik yapı, nadirlik, renk ve kültürel veriler değerlendirme parametresi olarak belirlenmiş, uzman görüşleri yardımıyla ağırlıklandırmaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, ana parametrelere ait alt parametreler oluşturularak skorlanmış ve bu değerler kullanılarak gözlem noktalarında bölgeler için kentsel kimlik potansiyel değeri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise bu değerler estetik ve algısal kriterler değerlendirme formu sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kent kimliğinde etkili olan parametrelerin önem sırasına göre su yüzeyi> arazi formu> vejetasyon> jeolojik yapı> nadirlik> renk> kültürel veriler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, yapılan puanlamada kentsel kimlik oluşturma potansiyel değeri en yüksek bölgenin doğal güzellikleri ile ön plana çıkan ikinci bölge olduğu belirlenmiştir. Puanlama sonuçları estetik ve algısal kriterler değerlendirme formu sonuçları ile tutarlılık göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarının kentsel kimlik oluşturma çalışmalarında uygulayıcılara önemli veriler sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Character Education at Sekolah Alam Minangkabau and Sekolah Alam Ar-Royyan Padang
Authors: Pertiwi Indah , Anwar Syafri
Published: August 2020

This research discloses how character education builds students’ character at SekolahAlam Minangkabau and SekolahAlamAr-Royyan Padang, so students not only have knowledge capabilities but also provide character social attitudes. This is a qualitative typified research. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The validity of the data was examined through the triangulation method while Miles and Huberman’s theory of analysis were used in analyzing the data. The results of the research suggest that: The characters of the students in both schools are religious, tolerant, obedient, diligent, creative, independent, curious, communicative, ecofriendly, and responsive. The students’ character is built through macro and micro strategies. The varieties of the character education used in both schools include the curriculum, facility, educational program, extracurricular as well as the time and the way the character education is implemented. The students’ parents view the character education as a support for them in developing their children’s personality,itinfluences the students’ daily activities outside the schools,and moreover, it alsoestablishes a good communication between the teacher and the students’ parents.
Applying Cooperative Learning to Improvestudents’ Activeness in Writing Descriptive Text
Authors: Efriyenty Efriyenty , Syarif Hermawati , Rozimela Yenni
Published: August 2020

The aim of the research were to explain how cooperative learning improved student’s activeness and the factors influence students’ activeness in writing descriptive text at the grade VII students of SMPN 8 Padang. The research was Classroom Action Research. The data were collected through observation , field note, writing task and test score. The students were asked to decribe people by giving outline and describe animals based on the pictures given. The finding showed that (1) Cooperative Learning improved students’ activeness in writing Descriptive Text. It was really effective in motivating and encouraging students to be actively involved in teaching and learning process.(2) This research also revealed that there were two factors inluence students’ activenes.The factors involve teacher personal aproach and teacher motivation.
Australia
Authors: Bucher Greta
Published: August 2020

La llegada de Donald Trump a la presidencia de Estados Unidos, junto con la promoción de una política exterior aislacionista y proteccionista, crearon incertidumbre en la arena internacional. Australia no es la excepción. Además de enfrentar cierta inestabilidad política, grandes retos en materia económica y fuertes críticas hacia su primer ministro, el gobierno australiano parece encontrarse en un momento crítico respecto a las prioridades de su política exterior y su lugar en el mundo.
Taiwán en 2017 retos del gobierno taiwanés
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2020

En enero de 2016 se llevaron a cabo elecciones presidenciales y legislativas en Taiwán. Por primera vez en la isla, una mujer, Cai Yingwen, del Partido Democrático Progresista (PDP), ganó la presidencia con 56% de los votos. En la legislatura, el PDP ganó 68 asientos de los 113 que componen este órgano de gobierno. El Guomindang se quedó con sólo 35; el Partido Nuevo Poder que promueve la identidad de Taiwán como país, se quedó con 5, y el Partido Primero el Pueblo, de James Soong, con 3.
Asia Pacífico: ¿Opción estratégica de diversificación comercial de México ante la renegociación del TLCAN?
Authors: González García Juan , Zamora Torres América Ivonne
Published: August 2020

Desde el punto de vista de los procesos de integración económica y comercial impulsados en el mundo, particularmente luego de la creación del GATT-OMC (1947 el primero y 1995 la segunda), 2018 será recordado en la historia económica contemporánea como el año del parteaguas contra el pilar fundamental del paradigma neoliberal, construido en el mundo por los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (EUA) desde inicios de la década de los ochenta del siglo XX: el neoliberalismo económico de libre mercado.
Camboya 2018: desapareciendo las democracias
Authors: Marston John
Published: August 2020

La democracia liberal multipartidaria en Camboya quizá siempre tuvo el aspecto de un teatro que legitimaba otras relaciones de poder más patrimoniales, las cuales se encuentran justo debajo de la superficie. El primer ministro Hun Sen, del Partido Popular Camboyano (PPC), se había mostrado vulnerable durante las elecciones nacionales previas de 2014, en las que el grupo opositor, el Partido Camboyano de Rescate Nacional (PCRN), recibió 44% de los votos en el conteo oficial (Parkhouse, 2018a), y aún más si se tienen en cuenta los comentarios de los protestantes. El resultado de las elecciones locales de junio de 2017 evidenció la fragilidad del PPC en el poder y su liderazgo político que perseguía estrategias de real politik para asegurar que no habría una oposición creíble para el partido en las elecciones nacionales de 2018. Uno de los dos fundadores del PCRN, Sam Rainsy, había estado exiliado en Francia desde 2016, enfrentando un arresto por difamación, en febrero de 2017 renunció al liderazgo del partido, previo a las elecciones comunales. En septiembre de 2017, el líder que aún permanecía activo, Khem Sokha, fue arrestado con los cargos de querer realizar una violenta “revolución de colores” en el país, y de traición en el juicio que se realizó en un solo día (McCargo, 2018). En noviembre del mismo año, el gobierno ordenó la disolución del PCRN, la mayoría del liderazgo central, quienes, incluidos los MP del PCRN, se vieron obligados a abandonar el país. A 118 líderes del partido se les prohibió participar en actividades políticas por un periodo de cinco años, así que algunos de nivel local del PCRN se sintieron obligados a unirse al PPC.
Las Islas del Pacífico
Authors: Mondragón Carlos
Published: August 2020

El Océano Pacífico ocupa más de 180 millones de kilómetros cuadrados, un área equivalente a la mitad de la superficie marítima de la Tierra. Dispersas sobre esta inmensa extensión de agua se encuentran más de 25 000 islas, de las cuales 200 son grandes y 2 500 pequeñas, todas habitadas de manera permanente desde hace más de tres milenios. La geografía humana de este continente oceánico se concentra en torno a una veintena de naciones, Estados y territorios conocidos como las Islas del Pacífico. Excluyendo a Nueva Zelanda, la población total de las Islas del Pacífico asciende a 8.5 millones de personas —una cifra que se eleva a más de 15 millones si se incluyen Nueva Zelanda y el archipiélago de Hawai—. Este horizonte humano está integrado por más de 1 200 grupos lingüísticos, lo cual hace del Oceáno Pacífico la región cultural de mayor extensión y diversidad lingüística del mundo.¹
Export, Political Stability, and Growth in Developing-8 Countries
Authors: Al Arif Mohammad Nur Rianto , Arisman Arisman , Harahap Darwis
Published: August 2020

The relationship between growth in export and economic growth is still a current issue in both the theoretical and empirical literature. Besides, there are also non-economic factors that determine economic growth in a country, namely political stability. This study aims to examine the impact of export and political stability on economic growth in D8 member countries. The research on the development of the D8 country's economy is still minimal, so this research expected to be able to contribute to drafting policies for D8 member countries. By using panel regression, this research finds that there is no impact between export on economic growth. However, political stability had an impact on economic growth in developing-8 countries. This result implies that the government should increase political stability to accelerate growth
Rancangan Fasilitas Pemeriksaan Kesehatan untuk Penyandang Tunanetra
Authors: Irianti Lauditta , Yunaldi Afif , Paradhyo Muhammad Atras , Desrianty Arie , Prassetiyo Hendro
Published: August 2020

Pemeriksaan kesehatan yang dilakukan dengan datang ke fasilitas kesehatan memiliki kendala dalam hal jarak, waktu serta energi, khususnya bagi individu dengan keterbatasan fisik. Salah satunya adalah penyandang tunanetra. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya telah mengembangkan suatu alat medis portabel yang terdiri dari alat ukur tinggi badan, berat badan, denyut jantung, saturasi oksigen, tekanan darah dan suhu tubuh yang dapat mengirimkan hasil pemeriksaan langsung ke tenaga ahli medis. Alat medis tersebut pun dapat digunakan oleh individu dengan keterbatasan fisik, seperti penyandang tunanetra. Namun begitu, alat medis tersebut belum terintegrasi serta belum dilengkapi dengan petunjuk pemakaian yang memudahkan penyandang tunanetra untuk menggunakannya. Perancangan fasilitas pemeriksaan kesehatan dilakukan sebagai jembatan penghubung antara alat medis portabel tersebut dengan penyandang tunanetra agar mereka dapat dengan mudah melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan tanpa bantuan orang lain. Perancangan dilakukan dengan metode Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). Responden penelitian adalah 30 penyandang tunanetra di Panti Sosial Bina Netra (PSBN) Wyata Guna Kota Bandung. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dimana atribut pernyataan diturunkan dari aspek ENASE Konsep anthropometri dibutuhkan dalam perancangan fasilitas ini. Terdapat tiga alternatif konsep dimana pemilihan konsep dilakukan secara kuantitatif pada tahap concept screening dan concept selecting. Konsep yang terpilih adalah konsep kedua dimana dimensi fasilitas adalah 209 x 192 x 300 cm. Material yang digunakan adalah kayu serta lantai menggunakan material parket. Fasilitas dilengkapi dengan petunjuk suara untuk menyampaikan informasi pada pengguna. Fasilitas dirancang agar pengguna mudah menjangkau peralatan di dalamnya, serta dilengkapi fasilitas penunjang seperti kursi, meja, pegangan tangan, speaker dan sensor pemindai identitas.
Dynamic, Multimodal Hydrogel Actuators Using Porphyrin-Based Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis in a Thermoresponsive Polymer Network
Authors: Amir Faheem , Li Xuesong , Gruschka Max , Colley Nathan D. , Li Lei , Li Ruihan , Linder Houston R. , Sell Scott A. , Barnes Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Hydrogels that can respond to multiple external stimuli represent the next generation of advanced functional biomaterials. Here, a series of multimodal hydrogels were synthesized that can contract and expand reversibly over several cycles while changing their mechanical properties in response to blue and red light, as well as heat (~50 °C). The light-responsive behavior was achieved through a photoredox-based mechanism consisting of photoinduced electron transfer from a zinc porphyrin photocatalyst in its excited state to oligoviologen-based macrocrosslinkers, both of which were integrated into the hydrogel polymer network during gel formation. Orthogonal thermoresponsive properties were also realized by introducing N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) monomer simultaneously with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the pre-gel mixture to produce a statistical 60:40 HEA:NIPAM polymer network. The resultant hydrogel actuators – crosslinked with either a styrenated viologen dimer (2V4+-St) or hexamer (6V12+-St) – were exposed to red or blue light, or heat, for up to 5 h, and their rate of contraction, as well as the corresponding changes in their physical properties (i.e., stiffness, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, etc.), were measured. The combined application of blue light and heat to the 6V12+-St-based hydrogels was also demonstrated, resulting in hydrogels with more than two-fold faster contraction kinetics and dramatically enhanced mechanical robustness when fully contracted. We envision that the reported materials and the corresponding methods of remotely manipulating the dynamic hydrogels may serve as a useful blueprint for future adaptive materials used in biomedical applications.
An Insight into the Interaction Between α-Ketoamide-Based Inhibitor and Coronavirus Main Protease: A Detailed in Silico Study
Authors: Banerjee Snehasis
Published: August 2020

The search for therapeutic drugs that can neutralize the effects of COVID-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the main focus of current research. The coronavirus main protease (Mpro) is an attractive target for anti-coronavirus drug design. Further, α-ketoamide is proved to be very effective as a reversible covalent-inhibitor against cysteine proteases. Herein, we report on the non-covalent to the covalent adduct formation mechanism of α‑ketoamide-based inhibitor with the enzyme active site amino acids by QM/SQM model (QM= quantum mechanical, SQM= semi-empirical QM). To uncover the mechanism, we focused on two approaches: a concerted and a stepwise fashion. The concerted pathway proceeds via deprotonation of the thiol of cysteine (here, Cys145 SgH) and simultaneous reversible nucleophilic attack of sulfur onto the α-ketoamide warhead. In this work, we propose three plausible concerted pathways. On the contrary, in a traditional two-stage pathway, the first step is proton transfer from Cys145 SgH to His41 Nd forming an ion pair, and consecutively, in the second step, the thiolate ion attacks the a-keto group to form a thiohemiketal. In this reaction, we find that the stability of the tetrahedral intermediate oxyanion/hydroxyl hole plays an important role. Moreover, as the α-keto group has two faces Si or Re for the nucleophilic attack, we considered both possibilities of attack leading to S- and R-thiohemiketal. We computed the structural, electronic, and energetic parameters of all stationary points including transition states via ONIOM methodology at B3LYP/6-31G(d):PM6 level. Furthermore, to get more accurate results, we also calculated the single-point dispersion-corrected energy profile by using ωB97X-D/6-31G(d,p):PM6 level. Additionally, to characterize covalent, weak noncovalent interaction (NCI) and hydrogen-bonds, we applied NCI-reduced density gradient (NCI-RDG) methods along with Bader’s Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules (QTAIM) and natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis.
Causes of deaths in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Akshata Sharma  , Sneha Sinha  , Kimaya Kakde
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 is the newly emerged coronavirus disease with its first few cases in December 2019 in China and has been spreading in an unstoppable manner since then. Its causative organism is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a colossal pandemic worldwide including various parts of India resulting in several cases and a considerable number of deaths (21,000 deaths in India of the disease). The patients mainly die of respiratory failure, although the pathways and the different responses to supportive treatment are still being assessed for a better understanding. Patients of age 65 or above, immunocompromised patients, and who already suffer a medical condition are at high risk of development of severe complications due to COVID-19, and thus need to be hospitalised. The exact course of the virus and its pathway, disease are still being understood by the scholars to reduce the spread and mortality caused by it. This review describes the possible causes of death in the patients suffering from COVID-19, high-risk groups of COVID-19 infection, the current status of the infection spread in the country and the progress in the management strategies of patients.
The bacterial quorum sensing signal DSF hijacks Arabidopsis thaliana sterol biosynthesis to suppress plant innate immunity
Authors: Tran Tuan Minh , Ma Zhiming , Triebl Alexander , Nath Sangeeta , Cheng Yingying , Gong Ben-Qiang , Han Xiao , Wang Junqi , Li Jian-Feng , Wenk Markus R , Torta Federico , Mayor Satyajit , Yang Liang , Miao Yansong
Published: August 2020

Quorum sensing (QS) is a recognized phenomenon that is crucial for regulating population-related behaviors in bacteria. However, the direct specific effect of QS molecules on host biology is largely understudied. In this work, we show that the QS molecule DSF (cis-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediated by flagellin-induced activation of flagellin receptor FLS2. The DSF-mediated attenuation of innate immunity results from the alteration of FLS2 nanoclusters and endocytic internalization of plasma membrane FLS2. DSF altered the lipid profile of Arabidopsis, with a particular increase in the phytosterol species, which impairs the general endocytosis pathway mediated by clathrin and FLS2 nano-clustering on the plasma membrane. The DSF effect on receptor dynamics and host immune responses could be entirely reversed by sterol removal. Together, our results highlighted the importance of sterol homeostasis to plasma membrane organization and demonstrate a novel mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria use their communicating molecule to manipulate pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered host immunity.
Deslocamento de abomaso à direita em bezerro: relato de caso
Authors: Alcantara Uila Almeida Aragão , Costa Nivaldo Azevedo , Assis Regina Nóbrega , Coutinho Luiz Teles , Mendonça Carla Lopes , Afonso José Augusto Bastos
Published: August 2020

Deslocamento do abomaso é uma paratopia que ocorre com menor frequência em bezerros, touros e novilhas, quando comparado com vacas de alta produção leiteira. Objetivou-se relatar o caso de um bezerro, macho, com três meses de idade, atendido na rotina hospitalar da Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns. Segundo anamnese, o animal alimentava-se de leite, pasto nativo, grama, xerém de milho e farelo de trigo (200g/dia). Entretanto três dias antes da baixa, foi alimentado com palha de milho, apresentando em seguida timpania ruminal, dificuldade de locomoção e aumento do consumo de água. As fezes estavam escassas, liquefeitas e amareladas. Caso único, num total de 30 animais. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram apatia, mucosas congestas, exsicose grau III, moderada enoftalmia, abdômen tenso, com formato maçã-pera, à percussão auscultatória evidenciou-se um som de “ping” metálico, na região do 12º espaço intercostal do flanco direito. As análises laboratoriais revelaram teor de cloretos elevado, de 81,88 mEq/L; hemoconcentração, leucocitose, por linfocitose e neutrofilia, com desvio à esquerda regenerativo, além de hipoproteinemia. Em função do diagnóstico de deslocamento de abomaso à direita (DAD), foi submetido à laparotomia exploratória pelo flanco direito. Nesta condição, o órgão estava bastante distendido por gás e conteúdo líquido. Seguindo o protocolo terapêutico, o animal apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória, recebendo alta no quinto dia após seu internamento. Conclui-se que deslocamento de abomaso à direita é uma afecção grave e, apesar da baixa frequência em bezerros, pode acometer essa faixa etária, acarretando prejuízos ao produtor, e o que reitera a necessidade de prevenir os fatores de risco associados a essa síndrome multifatorial.
استغلال الأزمات: الجماعات الإرهابية، اليمين المتطرّف، والجريمة المنظمة في ظل فيروس كورونا
Authors: Bin Khaled Al-Saud Abdullah
Published: August 2020

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على موضوع مستجد ومهم، وهو دراسة الأبعاد الأمنية لأزمة جائحة فيروس كورونا من خلال قراءة انعكاساتها على مجموعة مختلفة من الجماعات والمنظمات الإرهابية والمتطرّفة والإجرامية. ويركّز البحث بالتحديد على تنظيمي داعش والقاعدة الإرهابيين، ونماذج من جماعات أقصى اليمين المتطرّف والجريمة المنظّمة كحالات للدراسة، وينطلق من فرضيّة أنه على الرغم من تحدّيات أزمة جائحة كورونا بتبعاتها الصحيّة والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية، فإنها أبرزت فرصًا سانحة لاستغلال هذه الجماعات والتنظيمات. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي ضمن المنهج الكيفي/النوعي، وذلك من خلال الرجوع للعديد من المصادر والبيانات الأوليّة والرئيسة للجماعات محل الدراسة لقراءة وتحليل تفسيراتهم للأزمة، وكذلك مراقبة ودراسة ردود أفعالهم تجاهها على أرض الواقع. 

وقد توصّلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات، من أهمّها أن مناخ الأزمات بشكل عام، وأزمة فيروس كورونا بشكل خاص، شكَّل فرصًا للقابعين على الأطراف الراديكالية للأطياف الفكريّة والوجود القانوني، على اختلافهم وتضادّهم الفكري، لمدّ النفوذ والتكسّب المادي والمعنوي. وذلك من خلال استغلال تعزيز الأزمة لخطوط التماس والتوتّر داخل المجتمعات، وإبرازها لفراغات السلطة الناتجة عن عدم قدرة، أو رغبة من بعض الدول للارتقاء وملء الفراغ. يستتبع ذلك - لنزع فتيل محفّزات التطرّف في بيئة ما بعد كورونا - أهميّة العمل على تعزيز التعاون الدولي والإقليمي لمواجهة الآثار السلبية لهذه الجائحة على الدول والمجتمعات والفئات الأكثر تضرّرًا، والتفكير بنظرة أكثر شموليّة تجاه سياقات الإرهاب المتحوّرة، وتبنّي رؤية استشرافية ومنهجيّة استباقيّة لمواجهة التحوّلات المحتملة في البيئات الإرهابية والمتطرّفة والإجرامية.
DIFFERENT CHOWK TRADITIONS IN MANDANA
Authors: Bhardwaj Kumkum
Published: August 2020

English : The Hindu families of the Malav land have a tradition of making mandanas. In the open environment of the house, the hallway and the ground, all the shapes made by the chariot and ocher at the time of any festival or joy are called Mandana. By the way, the meaning of Mandane is to mark.

There is an abundance of religious festivals in India. Every festival has a tradition of making houses in the gram and urban areas by making the houses clean. In rural areas and by leasing the raw houses of the cities, the leaves are carved by the house Lakshmi or girls (Mandan) without houses. These Mandanas are made in spheres or angles. It is often seen that Mandana is made on the shape of angles, which can be easily made by young girls and women of old age. Proficient older women first measure the primary shape with ocher lines. Then the white chalk is drawn with soil. The primary drawing is filled with surrounds, lines and other shapes. All women, big and small help in this task. In this way, the work of art-teaching also becomes easy.

Hindi : मालव भूमि के हिन्दू परिवारों में मांडने बनाने की रीति है। घर, दालान एवं जमीन के खुले वातावरण में किसी पर्व अथवा खुशी के समय खड़िया तथा गेरू के द्वारा बनाई जाने वाली सभी आकृतियों को मांडना कहते है। वैसे मांडने का अर्थ अंकित करना होता है।1

भारत में धार्मिक त्यौहारों की बाहुल्यता है। प्रत्येक त्यौहार पर ग्रांम एवं नगरीय अंचलों में मकानों को साफ-सुथरा करके मांडने बनाने की परम्परा है। ग्रामीण अंचल में तथा शहरों के कच्चे मकानों को लीपण से लीप-पोतकर गृह लक्ष्मी अथवा कन्याओं द्वारा मकान की जमीन पर मांडने (मानव आकृति रहित) बनायी जाती है। ये मांडने गोलाकार या कोणों में बनाये जाते है। प्रायः देखा गया है कि मांडना कोणों के आकार पर बनाये जाते हैं जिसे छोटी उम्र व बढ़ी उम्र की कन्या और महिला भी आसानी से बना सकती है। प्रवीण बड़ी-बूढ़ी महिलाएं पहले प्राथमिक आकार को गेरू की रेखाओं से आंकती है। तत्पश्च्यात सफेद खड़िया मिट्‌टी से रेखांकन किया जाता है। प्राथमिक रेखाकृति को चारों ओर से, रेखा व अन्य आकारों से भर दिया जाता है। इस कार्य में छोटी-बड़ी सभी महिलाएं मदद देती है। इस प्रकार कला-शिक्षण का कार्य भी सरलता से सम्पन्न हो जाता है।
HUMAN BRAIN - CENTER OF THOUGHT
Authors: Srivastava Lakshmi , Sharma Priyanka
Published: August 2020

English : The craftsman is the carrier of creation, beauty and development. The concept of human civilization, culture and development is not possible without traditional craftsmanship. The craftsmen have made their great contribution in decorating the Sasayyamala earth with their skills in various forms. Like a seeker beyond all professions, traditional craftsmen have been venturing to make human life simple, easy and beautiful using their tools. Today, the beautiful form in which the whole world is visible is the result of the tireless hard work and labor of our traditional craftsmen. This is a fact that we can be proud of.

Hindi : शिल्पकार सृजन, सौंदर्य एवं विकास के वाहक है। परंपरागत शिल्पकार के बिना मानव सभ्यता, संस्कृति तथा विकास की परिकल्पना संभव नहीं है। शिल्पकारों में विभिन्न स्वरूपों में अपने कौषल से शस्यष्यामला धरती को सजाने-सँवारने में अपना महान योगदान दिया है। समस्त पाषणाओं से परे एक साधक की तरह परंपरागत शिल्पकार अपने औजारों के प्रयोग से मानव जीवन को सरल, सहज एवं सुंदर बनाने का उद्यम करते रहे हैं। आज समस्त सृष्टि जिस सुंदर रूप में दृष्टिगोचर हो रही है वह हमारे परंपरागत शिल्पकारों के अथक मेहनत एवं श्रम की ही देन है। यह एक ऐसा तथ्य है जिस पर हम गर्व कर सकते है।
MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUE OF PAINTING ON GLASS
Authors: Bhardwaj Kumkum , Mathe Praveen
Published: August 2020

English : The manufacture of glass BC About 12000 years ago, Mesopotamia was introduced into Iraq. Glass began to be molded about 7000 years before Christ. From about 1550 BC to the beginning of the Isayuga, Mishra was a major center for glass making. The making of hollow glass utensils by a pipe was started around the year 325 BC.

 

Hindi : काँच का निर्माण ई.पू. लगभग 12000 वर्ष पूर्व मेसोपोटामिया ईराक में किया जाने लगा था। ईसा से लगभग 7000 वर्ष पूर्व काँच को साँचे में ढ़ालने की शुरूआत हुई। ईसा के लगभग 1550 वर्ष पूर्व से लेकर ईसायुग के आरंभ तक मिश्र काँच निर्माण का प्रमुख केन्द्र रहा। फूँकनी नली से काँच के खोखले बर्तन बनाना ईसा पूर्व 325 वर्ष के लगभग प्रारंभ हो चुका था।
PENGEMBANGAN PROTOTIPE TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA UNGGUL TERINTEGRASI DI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN TAMBAK
Authors: Aliah Ratu Siti , Sachoemar Suhendar I
Published: August 2020

Ikan nila unggul monosex jantan â€œGESIT (Genetically Supermale Indonesian Tilapia) dan turunannya (GMT = Genetically Male Tilapia)â€ yang dihasilkan BPPT bekerjasama dengan IPB dan DKP merupakan produk unggulan yang telah di luncurkan (lauching)Â  oleh Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan pada bulan Desember 2006. Ikan nila unggul ini dapat diandalkan untuk dimanfaatan pada lahan tambak terbengkalai yang luasnya tidak kurang dari 1,2 juta ha dan baru dimanfaatkan sebesar 37,5 %. Dengan memanfaatkan Teknologi Budidaya Terintegrasi bersama udang, kekerangan dan rumput laut Glacilaria, kapasitas produksi ikan nila unggul dan produtivitas lahan tambak terbengkalai dapat ditingkatkan secara berkelanjutan (sustainability).Â kata kunci : prototipe teknologi budidaya ikan nila unggul terintegrasi, lingkungan perairan tambak
REKAYASA PRODUKSI IKAN NILA SALIN UNTUK PERAIRAN PAYAU DI WILAYAH PESISIR
Authors: Aliah Ratu Siti
Published: August 2020

Ikan nila (Nile tilapia) Oreochromis niloticus adalah spesies ikan air tawar asal Afrika yang saat ini telah dibudidayakan di lebih 100 negara di dunia. Tahun 2004 produksinya hanya mencapai 97.116 ton, tetapi pada tahun 2009 produksinya dapat mencapai 378.300 ton atau terjadi peningkatan sebesar 289%. Mudahnya ikan nila berkembang biak menyebabkan ikan ini menjadi prioritas untuk pengembangan usaha dan industri budidaya ikan dan dikenal dengan julukan aquatic chicken atau ikan yang dapat dikembangkan seperti industri ternak ayam. Tujuan dari perekayasaan dan pengembangan ikan nila SALINA adalah untuk menghasilkan benih hibrida ikan nila SALINA toleran salinitas tinggi untuk mendukung pengembangan usaha budidaya perikanan, peningkatan produksi dan pemanfaatan lahan tambak idle yang luasnya mencapai 60 % dari 1,4 juta lahan tambak idle yang terbengkalai tidak termanfaatkan akibat kerusakan lingkungan dari program intensifikasi budidaya udang pada periode tahun 1980 an.Â kata kunci : rekayasa produksi ikan nila salina, perairan payau, wilayah pesisir
PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DENGAN TEKNOLOGI HIDROTERMAL
Authors: Kristyawan I Putu Angga
Published: August 2020

Sampah yang tidak dipilah dengan baik disumber akan memiliki komposisi sampah beragam dan tinggi kadar air. Kondisi ini menimbulkan permasalahan kesehatan baik bagi masyarakat yang tinggal dekat dengan pembuangan akhir maupun yang tidak. Sampah dengan criteria seperti ini, dapat diolah dengan teknologi hidrotermal. Teknologi hidrotermal memanfaatkan sifat air yang unik dan hanya berlangsung pada suhu dan tekanan yang tinggi. Hasil pengolahan sampah campuran dengan teknologi hidrotermal, menghasilkan produk yaitu bahan bakar padat. Bahan bakar padat ini memiliki nilai kalor yang setara dengan batubara batubara sub-bituminus grade rendah. Tantangan pengembangan teknologi hidrotermal untuk mengolah sampah datang dari segi pembiayaan, proses pengeringan produk, dan modeling pembakaran bahan bakar produk.Â Â kata kunci : sampah, campuran, kadar air tinggi, hidrotermal, bahan bakar padat
KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAANAIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yudo Satmoko , Said Nusa Idaman
Published: August 2020

Masalah pencemaran lingkungan di kota-kota besar menunjukkan gejala yang cukup serius khususnya pencemaran air. Penyebab pencemaran tersebut tidak hanya akibat air limbah industri tetapi hal ini juga air limbah rumah tangga/permukiman (domestik) yang semakin hari makin besar sesuai perkembangan penduduk. Upaya-upaya pemerintah dalam menanggulangi permasalah tersebut telah banyak dilakukan antara lain telah dikeluarkan undang-undang maupun peraturan-peraturan baik dari pemerintah maupun dari kementerian serta lainnya. Akan tetapi hasilnya masih belum signifikan, permasalahan masih terus berlanjut. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untukmemberikan informasi tentang kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan air limbah domestik dalam rangka mendukung pengelolaan air limbah permukiman yang terpadu, efisien dan efektif dalam perencanaan, pembiayaan dan pembangunaan serta pelaksanaannya. kata kunci : pencemaran air, air limbah domestik, kebijakan dan strategiÂ