bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double‐bundle versus single‐bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yiheng , Li Junran , Zhao Hongbo , Zhou Hongyan , Wang Bokai , Zhang Jinlong , Zhao Shengkun
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To compare the clinical efficacy of single‐bundle versus double‐bundle reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) for recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) regarding knee function scores, postoperative complications, and imaging assessments.

Methods

A computerized search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), and VIP Database was performed for single‐bundle versus double‐bundle reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for treatment of RPD. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were evaluated for quality using the risk‐of‐bias evaluation tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration Network, and Cohort studies (CSs) were assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) scale. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software and STATA 16.0.

Results

Thirteen studies were included, four randomized controlled studies, and nine cohort studies. The level of evidence for the four randomized controlled studies was Ⅰ, and the nine cohort studies were Ⅲ. A total of 862 (891 knees) patients were included, of which 448 (465 knees) underwent double‐bundle MPFL reconstruction and 414 (426 knees) underwent single‐bundle MPFL reconstruction. Kujala score (MD = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 4.01], p < 0.05), Tegner score (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.11, 0.68], p < 0.05), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (MD = 4.88, 95% CI [1.46, 8.31], p < 0.05), and postoperative recurrence instability (odds ratio [OR] = 0.12, 95% CI [0.04, 0.44], p < 0.05) were better in the double‐bundle group than in the single‐bundle group. Lysholm score (MD = 0.86, 95% CI [−0.76, 2.48], p = n.s), patellar tilt angle (MD = −0.22, 95% CI [−0.54, 0.10], p = n.s), patellar lateral shift rate (MD = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.41, 0.09], p = n.s), congruence angle (MD = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.41, 0.52], p = n.s), postoperative knee pain (OR = 0.39, 95% CI [0.14, 1.11], p = n.s), and additional postoperative surgical treatment (OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.01−6.25], p = n.s) had no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions

Double‐bundle reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for RPD was superior to single‐bundle reconstruction in both knee function scores and postoperative recurrent patellar instability, and double‐bundle reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for RPD had better clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ, Ⅰ and Ⅲ studies.
Beyond neuropsychological tests: AI speech analysis in PKU
Authors: Waisbren Susan E. , Norel Raquel , Agurto Carla , Singh Shifali , Connor Zoe A. , Ebrahim Marina G. , Cecchi Guillermo A.
Published: December 2024

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by toxic phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations in blood and brain. State‐of‐the‐art analyses of speech detected a dimension of verbal discourse providing insights that extend beyond those captured by existing paradigms to measure performance associated with biochemical markers in PKU. The Cookie Theft Picture Task provided a standardized stimulus for eliciting spontaneous speech from 42 adults with PKU and 41 adults without PKU. Subtests measuring language and memory from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Fourth Edition showed no differences between the groups and no correlations with biomarkers in PKU. In contrast, AI analyses of responses to the Cookie Theft Task revealed significant differences between the PKU and non‐PKU groups on 23 linguistic features. Using multidimensional scaling (MDS), these features were aggregated into a single quantifiable Dimension 1 that significantly correlated with biomarkers. When extreme examples of Dimension 1 were presented to chatGPT, the differences noted reflected attention to detail, clarity in word choice, expression cohesion, contextual awareness and emotion recognition. We subsequently defined Dimension 1 as Proficiency in Verbal Discourse. This novel measure elucidated discourse styles possibly associated with suboptimal achievement and learning disabilities, often reported in PKU. In summary, AI captured a characteristic associated with metabolic status undetectable through traditional neuropsychological measures. Future studies will expand upon this novel paradigm, leveraging speech AI to quantify meaningful aspects of everyday functioning and possibly provide information for management decisions. Once validated, this measure holds promise for extension to other rare diseases and incorporation into clinical trials.
Culture and Sketching: Comparative Analysis of UK and Chinese Designers
Authors: Tang Pinyan , Lawson Glyn , Sun Xu , Sharples Sarah
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the influence of culture on sketching by comparing UK and Chinese designers. We employed a novel dual‐method approach: machine learning algorithms analyzed a dataset of 2,090 digitized sketches from student designers, while protocol analysis based on shape transformation rules examined the sketching processes of professional designers from both cultures. The machine learning analysis classified sketches by extracting region‐ and shape‐based features, revealing distinctive visual attributes between the two cultures. Concurrently, protocol studies of professional designers' sketches uncovered patterns in their sketching processes. By integrating computational analyses of student sketches with protocol studies of professional designers, we identified significant cultural differences in both visual attributes and sketching processes. The paper discusses potential factors contributing to these disparities, drawing on insights from cross‐cultural comparisons of cognitive styles. This comprehensive mixed‐methods analysis provides new insights into the complex interplay between culture, cognition, and design.
Intestinal histopathology in pediatric PSC‐IBD: Characterization of phenotype and assessment of the Nancy Index
Authors: Little Rebecca , Putra Juan , Kamath Binita M. , Griffiths Anne M. , Ricciuto Amanda , Siddiqui Iram
Published: December 2024

Objectives

We aimed to characterize the histologic gut phenotype of pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)‐associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) against non‐PSC colitis, and to assess Nancy Index (NI) performance in pediatric PSC‐IBD.

Methods

Single‐center retrospective cohort study including children diagnosed with PSC‐IBD or non‐PSC colitis (ulcerative colitis [UC] or IBD‐unclassified) from 2000 to 2018, with diagnostic intestinal biopsies. Biopsies were re‐reviewed by two independent pathologists who assessed microscopic disease distribution, NI scores, and specific histological features in the right and left colons, overall and stratified by endoscopic severity (moderate‐severe vs. no more than mild). We examined NI inter‐rater reliability with Fleiss' weighted (quadratic) kappa and NI construct validity against global endoscopic severity (Spearman correlation) and clinical outcomes (logistic regression).

Results

Fifty children with PSC‐IBD and 81 colitis controls were included. Histologically, pancolitis (84% vs. 55%), right colon‐predominant colitis (48% vs. 3%), and backwash ileitis (53% vs. 12%) (all p < 0.01) were significantly more common in PSC‐IBD; histologic rectal sparing occurred at similar rates (6% vs. 10%, p = 0.54). Lamina propria‐predominant neutrophils, prominent eosinophilic infiltration (left colon), and surface villiform change (right colon) were more common in PSC‐IBD than colitis controls (p < 0.01). NI showed excellent inter‐rater reliability (kappa > 0.9) and correlated moderately with global endoscopic severity but poorly with clinical activity in PSC‐IBD.

Conclusions

Pediatric PSC‐IBD has a distinct histologic phenotype that largely mirrors the endoscopic phenotype in distribution and includes a greater frequency of features not included in conventional UC histologic activity indices. Future work should investigate whether a PSC‐IBD‐specific index incorporating these features is warranted.
Distribution and palaeoenvironmental significance of mountain blockstreams in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Grab Stefan , Knight Jasper
Published: December 2024

Openwork mountain block deposits (blockfields, blockstreams) have received much research interest globally given their visual appeal as prominent cold‐region landforms. However, studies have shown that these landforms in both glaciated and non‐glaciated environments are probably of considerable age (pre‐Quaternary), yet the environmental conditions of their formation (such as the presence of permafrost) and associated processes remain poorly understood. This paper focuses on consolidating and critically analysing current knowledge on mountain blockstreams found in the southern hemisphere. This is achieved by reviewing past published work on such landforms, from the Falkland Islands, Marion Island, southern Africa and southeastern Australia. By presenting a variety of previously proposed landscape evolutionary models, we demonstrate that southern hemisphere blockstreams are products of a range of weathering and material mobilization processes over long multiple warmer/wetter and colder/drier pre‐Quaternary and Quaternary climatic cycles. Although most southern hemisphere mountain blockstreams have some association with periglacial processes, they are not exclusively periglacial in their developmental history. This can be tested through field geomorphic, sedimentary and ecological methods; the use of remote sensing; radiometric and relative‐age dating; seismic and other subsurface methods; and modelling. However, many research questions remain unanswered, such as the potential role of permafrost in blockstream formation and dynamics, or their sensitivity to ongoing climate change.
Diet shapes and maintains the personalized native gut microbiomes in mice
Authors: Yang Zhihan , Zhang Zeng , Jiang Shuaiming , Li Ao , Song Hainan , Zhang Jiachao
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease. Different dietary backgrounds play an important role in the uniqueness and diversity of the gut microbiota in different individuals, which promotes heterogeneity in disease phenotypes and treatment responses. Here, we explored how diet affects the composition and function of the native gut microbiome of model mice, based on the shotgun metagenomic and metabolomic, by analyzing the gut microbiome of C57B/6J mice in different dietary backgrounds.

RESULTS

The gut microbiomes of mice receiving different diets consistently exhibit distinct compositions across bacterial species, strains, fungi and phages. This implies that native microbial communities cannot ‘homogenize’ rapidly becaise of priority effects and unchanging diets. Notably, hotspot bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Parabacteroides distasonis and Akkermansia muciniphila were significantly different among the groups. These species harbor diverse adaptive mutations, reflecting genomic evolutionary diversity. The functional profiles of the gut microbiota also exhibit selective differences, involving the capacity for carbohydrate, branched‐chain amino acid and fatty acid synthesis, as well as virulence factors, carbohydrate‐active enzymes and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the differences in the gut microbiota also propagate to the host's serum, where structural and specific metabolite differences were observed. Metabolites that directly impact host health, such as d‐glucosamine 6‐phosphate and testolic acid, also show significant differences between the different dietary groups.

CONCLUSION

Our findings underscore the profound influence of different dietary the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome, offering valuable insights into optimizing health outcomes through personalized nutritional interventions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound Pattern of Congenital Smooth Muscle Hamartoma of the Skin
Authors: Meza Victor , Aranibar Ligia , Wortsman Ximena
Published: December 2024

Smooth muscle hamartoma (SMH) of the skin is a cutaneous benign proliferation of mature smooth muscle. Congenital SMH (CSMH) of the skin represents the most frequent type, and to date, there are no reports on its ultrasonographic pattern. A retrospective study of the color Doppler ultrasound (US) images of six CSMH patients at high and ultra‐high frequencies was performed. Demographic data and US characteristics were analyzed. All cases presented a focal area of dermal thickening, decreased dermal echogenicity, and/or distorted dermal regions with prominent hair follicles. A total of 83.3% of cases showed no signs of internal vascularity at color Doppler imaging. Ultrasonographic features can support clinical diagnosis and follow‐up of CSMH, which may potentially avoid biopsies.
Workforce Analysis of Laryngologists in the United States Between 1993 and 2022
Authors: Parikh Neil U. , Zheng Melissa , Merati Albert L , Johns Michael , Shuman Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study queries the US laryngology workforce geographic distribution and density and models laryngology workforce trends through 2050.

Methods

A national database of fellowship‐trained laryngologists (FTLs) and nonfellowship‐trained laryngologists (nFTLs) practicing primarily laryngology was formed by identifying laryngologists via internet search, with validation by regional laryngologists and senior laryngologists on this manuscript. Demographic variables included residency and/or fellowship graduation year, institutional affiliation, and practice zip code. US Census Bureau population data and projections were grouped by hospital referral region (HRR), as defined by the Dartmouth Healthcare Atlas. The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) provided annual fellowship match data from 2012 to 2022.

Results

As of May 2023, there were 349 active laryngologists in the United States, including 303 FTLs. The median practice length for all laryngologists was 11 years. HRRs with the largest number of laryngologists were Manhattan, Boston, and Los Angeles, with 23, 16, and 14 respectively. One hundred and ninety‐four of 306 (63%) HRRs did not have an active, primary laryngologist. The national median density of people per laryngologist including HRRs with at least one laryngologist was 645,160. Assuming a 35‐year practice horizon prior to workforce exit and holding the 2018–2022 NRMP average of 18 fellows constant, the number of forecasted laryngologists by 2040 would be 568—an increase of 66%.

Conclusions

To date, no comprehensive database of practicing US laryngologists nor laryngology workforce forecast exists. Based on current benchmarks, the laryngology workforce would increase by 66% by 2040, ideally addressing the current dearth of laryngologists in low‐density areas.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Will Climate Endowment Affect the Improvement of Agricultural Production Efficiency? Evidence From Cities in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Hu Yihang , Zhang Junbiao , Zeng Yangmei , Li Jie
Published: December 2024

Climate change poses constraints on nature‐based agricultural productivity, necessitating an understanding of urban agriculture's performance across varying climatic conditions. This study examines the impacts of temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration production potential on agricultural production efficiency using a pooled OLS model. The results show that there is a spatial pattern of alternating high and low agricultural production efficiency units, and in urban areas where agricultural production efficiency values hover around 0.5, there still exists significant potential for improvement. Through regression analysis, results show that the production potential of precipitation has a significantly positive impact on improving agricultural production efficiency. However, the effects of temperature production potential, evapotranspiration production potential, and insolation on agricultural production efficiency are either not significant or exhibit poor stability. The results of the heterogeneity test show that the effect of precipitation production potential on enhancing agricultural production efficiency varies between cities in northeastern and southwestern Zhejiang, with only a few cities experiencing significant benefits. Furthermore, the innovation of this study resides in its comprehensive application of management science, climatology, geography, and other interdisciplinary approaches to deeply explore the influences of different climatic resource endowments on agricultural production efficiency from a spatial perspective. This interdisciplinary research approach provides fresh insights into how urban agriculture can be optimized under complex and ever‐changing climatic conditions.
Tough and Stretchable Zwitterionic Eutectogels via Copolymerization‐Induced Phase Separation in a Targeted Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wang Rui , Gao Yifeng , Yu Kaixuan , Xu Ziqian , Ma Xiaofeng , Wu Linlin , Dou Qiang , Cui Sheng
Published: December 2024

Deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based eutectogels show significant promise for flexible sensors due to their high ionic conductivity, non‐volatility, biocompatibility, and cost‐effectiveness. However, achieving tough and stretchable eutectogels is challenging, as the highly polar DES tends to screen noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen and ionic bonds, between polymer chains, limiting their mechanical strength. In this work, this issue is addressed by leveraging the limited solubility of zwitterionic polymers in a specific DES to induce phase separation, promoting dipole–dipole interactions between polymer chains. These interactions improve energy dissipation under mechanical stress, allowing the creation of tough and stretchable P(MAA‐co‐VIPS)/TBAC‐EG eutectogels through a copolymerization‐induced phase separation approach. Methacrylic acid (MAA) and sulfobetaine vinylimidazole (VIPS) are copolymerized within a tetrabutylammonium chloride‐ethylene glycol (TBAC‐EG) DES, resulting in a bicontinuous network. The bicontinuous structure consists of a PVIPS‐rich phase that enhances toughness via dipole–dipole interactions, and a PMAA solvent‐rich phase that enables high stretchability. The resulting eutectogel demonstrates excellent mechanical properties, including a strength of 1.76 MPa, toughness of 16.61 MJ m⁻3, and remarkable stretchability of 1293%, along with self‐recovery, self‐healing, and shape‐memory capabilities. The zwitterionic polymer‐specific DES design opens up broad application potential for these eutectogels in diverse fields.
Efficiency Criteria for Multicost Variational Models Driven by H‐Type I Functionals
Authors: Treanţă Savin , Bibic Anca‐Oana , Bibic Simona‐Mihaela
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates a family of multicost variational models driven by H‐type I functionals. Concretely, under H‐type I assumptions of the involved functionals, we state and prove necessary and sufficient criteria of efficiency for a feasible point in the considered class of controlled variational models.

MSC 2020 Classification: 49K20, 58E17, 58E25, 90C30
Clinical profiles in autism spectrum disorder: Enhancing diagnosis, treatment, and overall health outcomes
Authors: Machado Cruz Tielle
Published: December 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant challenges in communication, behavior, and social interaction. The prevalence of ASD is rising, with current estimates indicating that it affects 1 in 36 children in the United States. Traditional diagnostic methods often fail to capture the full complexity of ASD, leading to incomplete treatment approaches. This study aimed to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ASD by identifying and categorizing 10 clinical profiles using precision medicine.

Methods

This study presents a new stratification model for ASD that classifies individuals based on prevalent comorbidities and underlying biological mechanisms. The model is based on a synthesis of existing literature, clinical observations, and expert insights. Data were collected from detailed clinical evaluations, patient histories, and laboratory tests, and the model was refined through iterative analysis. It integrates findings from genetic, neurological, and psychiatric research to develop a comprehensive approach for diagnosing and treating ASD‐related comorbidities.

Results

The study proposes 10 clinical profiles of ASD: syndromic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, mitochondrial, endocrine, bioaccumulative, infectious, immunological, inflammatory, and Neurological. Each profile is associated with specific symptoms and comorbidities influenced by genetic, environmental, and biological factors.

Conclusions

The stratification model proposed in this study enhances the diagnosis and treatment of ASD by recognizing its heterogeneity. By identifying specific clinical profiles, healthcare providers can develop personalized and integrated therapeutic strategies to improve the overall health outcomes of individuals with ASD.
MiR‐766‐3p Inhibit the Proliferation, Stemness, and Cell Cycle of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Quan Zhipeng , Yin Ziwei , Huang Yuelin , Huang Xuemei , Huang Hao , Mo Qingrong , Gong Jianhua , Liu Lingyun , Zhou Yi , Yu Yaqun
Published: December 2024

Background

As a commonly identified cancer in clinics, pancreatic cancer (PC) has poor prognostic outcomes. This work focused on clarifying the association between MIR‐766‐3P expression and PC development and progression, as well as the possible role as a biomarker in PC.

Methods

MIR‐766‐3P expression within the human PC cells and samples was measured through miRNA RT‐PCR. The gene levels regulated by MIR‐766‐3P were analyzed through western blot (WB) and qRT‐PCR. To analyze whether MIR‐766‐3P was of certain significance in in vitro and in vivo PC cell proliferation, stemness, and cell cycle progression, the gain/loss‐of‐function assays were performed. Bioinformatics, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), and luciferase reporter assay were conducted for exploring regulatory role of MIR‐766‐3P/MAPK1/MAPK/ERK signal axis in PC.

Result

In comparison with the normal controls, MIR‐766‐3P expression markedly decreased the tissues and cells of PC. Furthermore, MIR‐766‐3P could remarkably inhibit the proliferation, stemness, cell cycle progression, and development of PC. The analyses using RNA‐seq, and dual‐luciferase examination showed that MIR‐766‐3P could directly target mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). According to Gene Ontology (GO) as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, MIR‐766‐3P could affect PC malignant phenotype by MAPK1 and the regulation of the MAPK/ERK‐related pathway.

Conclusion

MIR‐766‐3P has a certain impact on PC malignant phenotype through combining with MAPK1 while regulating MAPK/ERK‐related pathway in vitro and in vivo.
Quality improvement for parenteral nutrition in hospital: Applying a gap analysis to an electronic health record to review parenteral nutrition processing
Authors: Kulyk Andrea , Dahmer Jolayne , Gramlich Leah
Published: December 2024

Background

In light of the complex and high‐risk nature of parenteral nutrition (PN), reviewing PN processing steps is essential to minimize patient harm. The main steps include ordering, verification, compounding, and administration. Electronic health records (EHRs) have become increasingly utilized and can play a critical role in enhancing the safety of PN processin. Epic EHR is used throughout all PN processing steps within our health system. There is limited literature on health system quality improvement initiatives in PN processing.

Methods

We reviewed the steps of PN processing in our health region and applied a gap analysis to assess Epic's functionality in PN processing. This gap analysis aimed to identify opportunities to enhance PN safety.

Results

Epic applies 32 of 40 functions that enhance PN safety. We selected three functions to prioritize adding into future EHR iterations; these include (1) bidirectional automatic interfacing between the automated compounding device and EHR reflecting real‐time updates on product availability/shortages, (2) automatically transmitting a pharmacist‐modified PN order back to the prescriber for approval, and (3) adding additional clinical decision support tools, one of which is incorporating a 3‐in‐1 qualification calculator and the second is requiring prescriber justification for using compounded formulations over multichamber bags. Additional opportunities for improving safety in PN processing were identified and added to the gap analysis.

Conclusion

Using a gap analysis is a simple process to review a health system's EHR to identify opportunities to enhance patient care.
Reduced Order Modelling of Fully Coupled Electro‐Mechanical Systems Through Invariant Manifolds With Applications to Microstructures
Authors: Frangi Attilio , Colombo Alessio , Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Touzé Cyril
Published: December 2024

This article presents the first application of the direct parametrisation method for invariant manifolds to a fully coupled multiphysics problem involving the nonlinear vibrations of deformable structures subjected to an electrostatic field. The formulation proposed is intended for model order reduction of electrostatically actuated resonating Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The continuous problem is first rewritten in a manner that can be directly handled by the parametrisation method, which relies upon automated asymptotic expansions. A new mixed fully Lagrangian formulation is thus proposed, which contains only explicit polynomial nonlinearities, which is then discretised in the framework of finite element procedures. Validation is performed on the classical parallel plate configuration, where different formulations using either the general framework or an approximation of the electrostatic field due to the geometric configuration selected are compared. Reduced‐order models along these formulations are also compared to full‐order simulations operated with a time integration approach. Numerical results show a remarkable performance both in terms of accuracy and the wealth of nonlinear effects that can be accounted for. In particular, the transition from hardening to softening behaviour of the primary resonance while increasing the constant voltage component of the electric actuation is recovered. Secondary resonances leading to superharmonic and parametric resonances are also investigated with the reduced‐order model.
Multivariate Optimization for the Production of OSA‐Starch Microcapsules Containing Clove and White Thyme Essential Oils: Antifungal Potential Against Penicillium digitatum
Authors: de Souza Estefania Júlia Dierings , dos Santos Felipe Nardo , Kringel Dianini Hüttner , de Souza Jaqueline Ferreira , Bueno Danielle Tapia , Leitzke Amanda Fonseca , Fajardo André Ricardo , Gandra Eliezer Avila , de Pereira Claudio Martin Pereira , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions for the production of microcapsules based on OSA‐starch and clove (CEO) and white thyme (WTEO) essential oils (EOs) obtained by electrospraying. The antifungal activity against the fungus Penicillium digitatum was assessed using both the well diffusion method and volatile release action. The microcapsules were characterized by morphology, loading capacity (LC) presence of functional groups (FTIR), and thermal properties (TGA). Spherical microcapsules were formed in all treatments evaluated, with an average diameter ranging from 0.803 to 1.500 μm. The morphology of the materials was not affected by the variation of the solution parameters (ethanol: 20% and 30%, OSA‐starch: 40% and 50%, CEO and WTEO, and EO concentration: 0.2% and 0.4%). The LC ranged from 30.6% to 97.9%, and TGA and FTIR analyses for all treatments confirmed the interaction of EOs with OSA‐starch. Microcapsules from OSA‐starch with CEO showed greater efficiency in reducing the mycelial growth of P. digitatum through the release of volatiles. These results serve as a basis for future studies to evaluate the technological applicability of these capsules in a food matrix or packaging material for controlling the fungal growth of P. digitatum.
A Two‐Center Study of a Prognostic Model Related to Acute Kidney Injury After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children: Development of a New Predictive Dynamic Nomogram
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Jia Wanyu , Guo Caili , Wu Yanwen , Liu Jian , Song Chunlan
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop a straightforward, easy‐to‐use online dynamic nomogram for the identification of children who are at high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).

Methods

This was a two‐center study in which 242 children in Henan Provincial Children's Hospital composed the training cohort, and 115 children in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University composed the validation cohort. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival between children with nonacute kidney injury (NAKI) and children with AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for AKI in children who underwent HSCT. The selected variables were utilized to construct nomograms, which were validated via the concordance index (C‐index), decision curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Cumulative survival was significantly lower in children with AKI than in children without kidney injury (p < 0.01). Eight variables were included in the nomogram: hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (HVOD), graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), ferritin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and nephrotoxic drugs. The nomogram calibration curves in the training and validation cohorts were highly comparable to the standard curves. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the prediction model were 0.963 and 0.910 in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed that the model had a significant clinical benefit.

Conclusions

The occurrence of AKI affects the prognosis of children who undergo HSCT. We developed a dynamic online nomogram for predicting AKI in children who underwent allo‐HSCT on the basis of eight variables. The predictive value and clinical benefit of the nomogram model were acceptable.
Screening and Impact of Neuropathic Pain in Young Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Adly Amira , Mohammed Maha , Aboata Ahmed , Wassif Ghada , Nassef Marwa , Makkeyah Sara
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the frequency of neuropathic pain (NP) and its impact in young patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods

We used the ID‐Pain (ID‐P) questionnaire and a bedside clinical sensory testing (CST) as screening tools for NP and performed sensory nerve conduction study (SNCS) for all the participants. The impact of pain was assessed using Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) SCD module.

Results

The mean age was 12.4 years. The ID‐P questionnaire revealed that 20.5% of patients likely had NP, while 10 (34%) of the participants had abnormal CST, and only two patients (4.5%) had abnormal SNCS. On the PROMIS pain scores, the mean pain intensity score was 7.9 ± 2.0. Pain interference was the most affected domain in both patients and parent proxy reports (mean ± SD T‐score 63.4 ± 6.6 and 65.2 ± 6.6, respectively) which was worse than other domains including pain quality—sensory and affective, and pain behavior (median T‐scores of 47.8, 63.0, and 56.2, respectively). The mean global health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) score of the children was 50.3 ± 12.1 indicating poor quality of life.

Conclusion

We report the utility of simple tools like ID‐P questionnaire and CST for screening of NP in young individuals with SCD.
Unveiling the subconscious: How sexual dreams reflect and intensify mental problems
Authors: Egom Emmanuel Eroume A. , Mbah Teko Blaise , Ebango Suzanne Adolphine Soppi , Lema Bernadette Sandrine
Published: December 2024

Background

Sexual dreams represent a largely underexplored domain of human experience, particularly concerning their prevalence, frequency, and potential relationship with mental health conditions. Understanding this interplay may provide insights into the psychological and physiological effects of dream content.

Aims

To investigate the prevalence, frequency, and impact of sexual dreams among individuals with and without mental health diagnoses and to evaluate the associations between sexual dream frequency, post‐dream symptoms, and mental health status.

Materials & Methods

The SLEEP Study surveyed 301 female‐identifying adults in the United States using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the frequency and content of sexual dreams, as well as post‐dream symptoms such as anxiety, increased heart rate, and muscle tension. Logistic regression and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine relationships between sexual dream frequency, mental health diagnoses, and post‐dream symptoms.

Results

99.67% of participants reported experiencing sexual dreams, with 45.2% identifying them as frequent. A significant association was observed between frequent sexual dreams and mental health diagnoses (OR = 1.83, p = 0.018). While post‐dream symptoms such as anxiety and physical tension were common, their correlations with mental health treatment were weak and not statistically significant (p = 0.061).

Discussion

The findings suggest that frequent sexual dreams may serve as a psychological stress indicator, particularly in individuals with mental health conditions. However, the weak correlation between post‐dream symptoms and mental health treatment highlights the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Conclusion

Frequent sexual dreams could provide valuable insights into psychological stress and mental health. Incorporating dream patterns into mental health assessments may enhance clinical understanding and interventions. Further research involving diverse populations and experimental methodologies is required to these relationships and their broader implications.
Adaptive Phase‐Locked E‐Skin for Sports Physiology and Medicine
Authors: Zeng Qiankun , Shi Guoyue , Tang Jing , Zhang Min
Published: December 2024

The pursuit of creating materials that replicate the flexibility, stability, and advanced perceptual capabilities of human skin, attributes honed through natural evolution, represents a long‐term objective in pioneering fields such as electronic skin (e‐skin) research. However, conventional e‐skin often struggles with stability and functionality in harsh sports environments, resulting in the degradation of the intimate interface over time. Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue, an adaptive phase‐locked e‐skin (APLE) is presented, designed to seamlessly conform to dynamic sports environments, offering robust applications in sports physiology and medical contexts without malfunctioning. The APLE allows one to laminate onto the skin with consistent homeostasis, providing a foundation for advancing data‐driven sports physiology and creating personalized sports plans. Additionally, APLE offers immediate on‐site medical treatment for common sports injuries, including hemostasis and sutureless wound closure. Ultimately, the reported multifunctional e‐skin can provide significant value in managing sport‐related burdens through digital and people‐centered physiology monitoring, along with real‐time sport healthcare.
Optical Evidence of Interfacial Strain‐Induced Ferroelectric Tuning and Enhancement in CuInP2S6 via Ferroelectric Substrate
Authors: Hou Xinyi , Kong Fanyi , Tong Yunhao , Li Haoran , Dai Jianxun , Li Yongjiang , Huang Huolin , Sun Changsen , Gao Junfeng , Pan Lujun , Li Dawei
Published: December 2024

The precise domain control in ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS) remains challenging. A promising approach is by interfacing CIPS with the ferroelectric layer, but interface‐driven ferroelectricity tunning mechanism remains unclear. Here, the demonstration of interfacial strain‐induced ferroelectric tuning and enhancement in CIPS via ferroelectric substrate is reported by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, combined with piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. PFM studies show that thin CIPS flakes form the same domain as that of ferroelectric PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) and P(VDF‐TrFE) films, suggesting enhanced polar alignment in CIPS via ferroelectric substrate. PL analyses show that a significant redshift occurs for PL emission of CIPS on ferroelectric substrate compared with that on conventional substrate, revealing interface tensile strain‐induced lattice change in CIPS, as further confirmed by DFT calculation. By analyzing PL spectra of monolayer MoS2 on CIPS/PZT, the polarization of CIPS is evidenced to be anti‐aligned with that of ferroelectric substrate. In situ, temperature‐dependent PL studies show that thin CIPS on ferroelectric substrate exhibits enhanced Curie temperature of higher than 200 °C. This study not only provides an effective material strategy to engineer the ferroelectric properties of CIPS but also offers a simple optical method to reveal interface‐driven ferroelectricity modulation mechanism in CIPS.
Bismuth‐Metal and Carbon Quantum Dot Co‐Doped NiAl‐LDH Heterojunctions for Promoting the Photothermal Catalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Yu Ling‐qi , Guo Rui‐tang , Xia Cheng , Guo Sheng‐hui , Yan Ji‐song , Liu Yi‐fu
Published: December 2024

The quest for sustainable photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CRR) emphasizes the development of high‐efficiency, economically viable, and durable photocatalysts. A novel approach involving the synthesis of Bi‐CDs/LDH heterojunctions, incorporating plasma metals and carbon quantum dots via hydrothermal and co‐precipitation methods, yields remarkable results. The optimized BCL‐4 photocatalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, with C2H4 and C2H6 yields of 1.35 and 2.17 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively, representing substantial enhancements of 11.25 and 14.47 times compared to the LDH monomer. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits a notable selectivity of 36.6% for C2 products. Plasmonic Bi with high conductivity and carbon quantum dots synergistically enhances visible light absorption and generated additional hot electrons. The electron‐trapping ability of carbon quantum dots is pivotal in creating elevated electron and CO2 concentrations at the catalyst interface, fostering conditions conducive to promoting C─C coupling reactions for the generation of C2 products.
Structural and Property Changes in Corn Starch Straws via NCU‐017 Strain Fermentation
Authors: Pan Haojie , Liu Kaili , Chen Gang , Yang Yuankai , Bao Yangbin
Published: December 2024

This study utilizes corn starch fermented by the NCU‐017 strain to prepare straws and investigates the effects of NCU‐017 strain fermentation on the structure and functional properties of the starch straws. The results show that the fermented starch straws exhibit a decrease in number‐average molecular weight (Mn) and amylose content compared to the non‐fermented control straws (CS), while the proportion of starch chains with DP 6–12 increases. Fermentation reduces starch straws' hydrogen bond strength and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that fermentation does not alter the crystal type of starch straws, but increases the relative crystallinity from 13.19% to 15.38%. The fermented starch straws are more water‐resistant than CS, and they do not bend after being soaked in water at 4 and 25°C for 1 h. This is due to the formation of a dense structure which can be observed from the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermentation significantly reduces the starch straws' maximum bending force (Fb) but increases their bending modulus of elasticity (Eb). This study demonstrates the potential application of bacterial fermentation in improving the functional properties of starch straws.
Influence of nonlinearities in longitudinal bars on overstrength P–M capacity of RC columns and piers
Authors: Jaiswal Devesh K. , Murty C. V. R.
Published: December 2024

The actual capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure is determined by the overstrength capacity of individual members. RC members can undergo six stages (namely cracking, yielding, spalling, buckling, crushing and rupturing) depending on the cross‐section geometry, reinforcement detailing, and type of loading. For members under compression and flexural actions, buckling of longitudinal bars becomes the ultimate stage in the load‐deformation curve of RC member. Hence, to assess the capacity of RC members, it is essential to have load‐deformation relation of individual bars considering nonlinear effects. This paper presents a simplified analytical procedure of nonlinear analysis to obtain the nonlinear load‐deformation curve of reinforcing bars. The proposed method uses combined geometric and material nonlinearity. The method is compared with the experimental test results from the literature and has shown a good match. Furthermore, the effect of initial imperfection and slenderness of the reinforcing bars on the overall performances have been studied and discussed. This inelastic relation of reinforcements has been used to obtain the P–M interaction diagram of the RC member, demonstrating the effect of nonlinearity in the longitudinal bars. Fiber modeling approach has been used to draw the P–M curve, considering confinement of concrete, bilinear stress–strain of steel under tension and nonlinear under compression. Implications of amount of longitudinal reinforcement, grade of steel, initial imperfection and section size on the P–M curve have been studied. Results show that the nonlinearity of the longitudinal bar can reduce the capacity of the member by 15%. The strength reduction is higher for higher percentage of reinforcements and slender bars. This indicates that the P–M interaction curve exists at three levels, and is discussed in detail in the paper. It is recommended that the effect of bar nonlinearity should be considered in the capacity assessment of RC members.
Sample Thickness Effect on Quantitative Analysis by Hand‐Held X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometers
Authors: Bolortuya Damdinsuren , Nishimoto Masafumi , Shameer Mohamed , Kawai Jun , Alawadhi Hussain , Ishizuka Shinichi
Published: December 2024

Commercially available hand‐held X‐ray fluorescence (HH‐XRF) spectrometers have their own quantitative analysis software. When the elements Se and Cd in soil samples are measured and quantified, the calculated concentrations sometimes fail by a factor of 1/2 for Cd, although the values obtained for Se are accurate. This is because of the escape depth length of fluorescent X‐rays. Easy ways to overcome this problem are presented; two point calibration, or at least one point and one blank is enough. Problems associated with mercury evaporation from the sample is also discussed. Filter paper analysis is used as an example for the present work, and a five‐filter pile of ash‐less paper is concluded to have better sensitivity than a single paper filter analysis.
The Provision of Browse and Its Impacts on the Health and Welfare of Animals at the Zoo: A Review
Authors: Ramont Margaret , Principe Nicole , Prostko Rachel , Watts Jennifer , Chinnadurai Sathya K. , Miller Lance J.
Published: December 2024

Browsers are animals that consume significant proportions of leaves, twigs, and bark from woody plants. These species have evolved morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to subsist on a specialized diet. In zoos and other managed care facilities, the provision of browse in appropriate amounts helps promote positive animal welfare. Feeding on browse fulfills behavioral needs and reduces stereotypies, promotes satiety, and provides opportunities for dietary choice and control. However, there are several obstacles that can prevent institutions from providing browse, including physical and chemical hazards, palatability issues, and the difficulty in quantifying the nutritional value of browse. In addition, providing large enough quantities of browse can be challenging, and fresh browse may be especially difficult to provide for zoos in temperate climates. We describe the methods currently utilized to preserve browse and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We recommend areas of future research for browse provision in zoos.
The Experience of Coercion and Violence: Service User, Professional and Informal Caregiver Perspectives
Authors: Hahn Sabine , Hasler Melina , Rühle Andersson Sabine , Bonner Yvonne D. B. , Richter Dirk
Published: December 2024

The focus of this chapter is to describe the views of service users, staff, and informal caregivers on violence, aggression, and coercion. Service users, staff, and informal caregivers usually have different views on why aggression and violence occur in mental health care settings. Staff and informal caregivers see the root of violence in the service user’s mental disorder and behaviour. Service users often describe staff behaviour as provocative and disrespectful, and therefore as the main trigger for violence. Also, their views on coercion vary significantly, reflecting a complex landscape of perspectives and challenges. Most service users oppose coercive practices, viewing them as violations of their rights and triggering past and future traumas. Conversely, staff and informal caregivers often see coercion as necessary to address aggressive behaviour or self-harm and maintain a safe environment. However, staff generally regard coercion as a last resort. Informal caregivers tend to be critical of coercive measures, feeling to be excluded and insecure as a result. All parties recognise the distressing impact of coercion on service users and its potential to disrupt therapeutic relationships. If clinical practice aims to minimise violence and coercion, service users must be actively involved on an equal basis in the development of alternatives and the promotion of shared and supported decision-making in mental health care.
Transparency and Transformation: Rethinking Tax Governance in the Mining Sectors of Tanzania and Kenya
Authors: Maina Anne Wanyagathi
Published: December 2024

The extractive sector is vital for many resource-rich countries and has enormous potential to propel economic prosperity. Many countries have introduced mining reforms to manage their resource wealth but struggle to achieve desired results due to weak governance. Thus, regional and international organizations have developed governance frameworks to strengthen mining governance. Tax transparency, a fundamental component of these frameworks, is widely acknowledged as a mechanism for enhancing information accessibility to mitigate corruption and foster desirable values, such as democracy and accountability, to avoid negative resource governance outcomes. The impact of mining reforms driven by international governance frameworks for strengthening governance remains unproven. Existing literature on the impact of global governance frameworks on mining governance and development outcomes remains limited, creating a notable gap in understanding. This chapter addresses this gap by examining the implementation of tax transparency within international and domestic mining frameworks. It offers a comparative analysis of the implementation of tax transparency in Tanzania and Kenya, shedding light on their experiences. This chapter discusses the practical implications and challenges encountered in the implementation of transparency policies, drawing valuable lessons and recommendations regarding the role of tax transparency in transformation of mining governance.