bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disscusion of Underwater Aeration Machine
Authors: Li Wei Bin , Shi Wei Dong
Published: October 2011

Based on the application of the present Underwater Aeration Machine in Environment Field , this paper made an analysis of the situation of the Underwater Aeration Machine at Home and Abroad. Several main Problems were raised in running process .Based on the practical problems and then designing a new structurea Underwater Aeration Machine and a corresponding control scheme, each of these problems is further discussed and explained in order to point out the research field for the development of Underwater Aeration Machine later.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
Hydraulic Elastic Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Turbine Blade
Authors: Wang Ling Hua , Ning Pan Hua , Gan Chao
Published: October 2011

This paper analyses quantitatively mechanism that hydraulic turbine runner blade tail produces Carmen vortex column, and the blade hydraulic elastic vibration which is produced by Carmen vortex column, also analyses the harms of blade hydraulic resonance, puts forward corresponding preventative measures. For the stable operation of large Francis hydraulic turbine, these measures have reference meaning.
Computational Fluid-Structure Dynamics Coupling Research of Flexible Wing
Authors: Yang Wen Qing , Song Bi Feng , Song Wen Ping , Li Zhan Ke , Zhang Ya Feng
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a computational fluid-structure dynamics coupling method of flexible wing. The computational fluid dynamics is solving RANS equations. The stiffness used in computational structure dynamics is tested by experiments. Then the aerodynamic performance of flexible wing is researched and compared with rigid wing. The results show that the lift and thrust generated by flexible wing are less than the rigid wing. Flexible wing can slower the variety of aerodynamic performance when the flight environment is changing. And flexible wing has bigger stalling angle.
Numerical Simulation on the Pressure Field of Gas Knives
Authors: Yuan Yin Mei , Li Chao Xiang
Published: October 2011

In the continuous galvanizing line, gas knives are used to control the liquid coating thickness. They are based on the principle of turbulent planar impinging jet. The CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method is used to research the turbulent planar impinging jet of gas knives. With the implement of FLUENT software, the realizable k-ε model is adopted to simulate the pressure field. The transverse impact pressure distributions on the steel strip are demonstrated. For gas knives with even nozzle slot, the plot of impact pressure is analogous to parabola, reducing from middle to two ends. This numerical result shows agreement with experimental one. It indicates that the realizable k-ε model can accurately predict the impinging jet. Besides, for gas knives with uneven nozzle slot, the impact pressure is basically equivalent. Furthermore, several main factors having effect on the coating thickness are studied. The numerical results reveal that, the higher the inlet pressure, the thinner the coating; and the longer the distance between jet and strip, the thicker the coating.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Supersonic Coaxial Jet Mixing
Authors: Karthikeyan N. , Sridhar B T N
Published: October 2011

Coaxial nozzles are an integral part of many engineering systems where mixing of different fluid streams is required. Single noncircular nozzles have been shown to have better mixing characteristics than their axisymmetric counterparts. Therefore, a combination of such nozzles into coaxial configurations is promising. The aim of the present study is to quantitatively determine the effects of the geometry of the primary supersonic jet on the mixing characteristics with the secondary high speed subsonic jet. Measurements of pressure profiles at several positions along central axis of jets using identical facilities and nominally identical experimental conditions were done. The mixing is dominated by the vortex structures that are present in the inner shear layers. The interaction of the vortex structures govern the growth, and entrainment, and mixing of the jet. Also, the experimental results show that the radial and centerline pressure profiles through various coaxial jets has good correlation with the CFD simulation.
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in an Air Conditioning Room Using a CFD Model
Authors: Guo Fu Qiang , Mei Rui Bin , Zhang Lei , Fan Jun Wei , Li Min Xue , Tang Yan Li
Published: October 2011

In order to obtain the thermal comfort work environment, the distribution of temperature and airflow velocity in typical computer room of school building is discussed with different supply air angles and velocities of incidence by CFD model. The calculated temperature after cooling in the room has a good agreement with the measured value. Furthermore, the distribution of temperature and airflow is uniform and the environment is comfort for working with supply air angles and velocity of incidence 45° and 60° and supply air velocity of incidence 1m/s comparing with that of other parameters. Additionally, the change of temperature becomes slow down with the increment of time and the air-conditioning has less influence on the change of temperature after about 900s with supply air angle and velocity of incidence 45°and 1m/s, respectively. The research is of great significance both in theory and practice to design air conditioning systems and evaluate the thermal comfort conditions.
Dynamic Exergetic Cost Analysis of a Space Heating System
Authors: Xiang Jing Yan , Zhao Jun , Wang Xi Kui , Zhao Bao Zhu
Published: October 2011

The design of heating systems with groundwater source heat pumps (GWHP) is very important for reducing their power consumption. For better design, reasonable analysis of the systems is necessary. In this paper, a dynamic exergy and exergetic cost analysis of a heating system with GWHP is performed in a whole heating season by the use of structural theory of thermoeconomics and the software of TRNSYS. The relative exergy destruction of every component and the exergetic cost of the final product of the system are obtained. The results show that the heat pump has the largest relative exergy destruction under all the working conditions. The terminal unit component has the second largest relative exergy destruction at conditions above 10% load. However, at 10% load, well water transportation component has the second largest relative exergy destruction. The unit exergetic cost of the system final product during the whole heating season is 8.51W/W, similar to the result at 75% load.
Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Drop for R417A Flow Boiling in Internally Grooved Tubes
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan
Published: October 2011

An experimental investigation of evaporation for R417A in horizontal smooth and internally grooved tubes has been carried out. Based on the experimental results, performance of heat transfer and pressure drop for R417A flow boiling in different tubes was analyzed, and the influences of micro-fin parameters and mass fluxes on heat transfer enhancement factors and pressure drops were discussed. The results indicate: the enhancement effect of Tube III having the narrower spirally grooves excels than Tube II, and the enhancement factors increase with the increasing mass flux. R417A produces slightly bigger pressure drops in Tube II than Tube III, and the pressure drops increase with the increasing mass flux and vapor quality, this increase is more obvious in internally grooved tubes.
The Energy Conservation Research of the Environment Chamber Based on the Total Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Tian Tian
Published: October 2011

This topic introduced a performance-testing system for air conditioner according to national standards GB/T 7725-2004 and GB - T 21087-2007.The biggest characteristic of this topic is that we set a total heat exchanger based on traditional experiment chamber and analyzed the influence of total heat exchangers on the test-device.
Study on Collision Avoidance of Head-on Situation in Restricted Visibility
Authors: Wang Tao , Lv Jing , Ren Wei
Published: October 2011

In restricted visibility, great risk of collision exists between vessels formed a "head-on situation" geometrically. Started with the estimation on this particular situation and based on the requirements in COLREGS and applications of good seamanship, this paper explored the proper avoidance methods. Combined with the practice work at sea, the author collected some data about this special situation. By analyzing these data, the author found some defects in the practice work and gave some reasonable suggestions.
An Analysis and Evaluation on Adaptability of Wall-Hung Mounted Gas Boiler between Indemnificatory Residential Buildings in Beijing
Authors: Na Wei , Song Yan , Zhou Lei , Li De Ying
Published: October 2011

With an increasing emphasis on easy operation, flexible adjustment and high energy efficiency, the application of the wall-hung gas boiler are becoming more widely considered among the residential building as a competitive or alternative way to district and central heating in Beijing. It meets the implementation of the policies in twelve-five year plan of China: improving Beijing’s environment and future sustainable transform on its coal-based energy structure. A survey of the heating way of indemnificatory housing, price-fixed housing and affordable housing in Beijing is proposed. The results show that the heating area using the wall-hung gas boiler in the resident building is 55% of the total heating area in Beijing and 67% of the total heating area in new buildings. Then, the adaptability between the household wall-hung gas boiler heating way and other heating ways is compared. The energy efficiency, initial investment, operating cost and user satisfaction are discussed. The final analysis is then evaluated by a panel of experts to determine its accuracy and potential for use in a greenway development plan of heating way in Beijing.
Design and Performance Study of a Novel Refrigeration System
Authors: Liu Yan Ling , Wang Ling Qun , Xia Zai Zhong
Published: October 2011

In order to solve the problems of pressure drop and leakage in the refrigerant circuit, a novel continuous adsorption system suited to use low heat source (75-85 oC) was designed and set up. To analyze and compare with the conventional system to reveal the similarity and difference, this paper sets up the mathematical models for these two systems. The adsorbers, condensers and evaporators in these two systems are exactly the same and the two systems are compared by working at the identical conditions, which is not feasible in real experimental lab. All the parameters and models used in this calculation are based on experimental results. Analysis demonstrates that the two kinds of system have very close performances, that is, the novel system has a relatively higher cooling capacity while the conventional system has a relatively higher COP.
Solar Assisted Heat Pump System for Floor Heating
Authors: Zhang Xi Ming , Pan Dong Hui , Zhang Qing Bo
Published: October 2011

Solar assisted heat pump system(SAHP) has a wide and wonderful future for its excellent performance in energy saving and environment protection. Solar assisted heat pump system for floor heating is combined by solar assisted heat pump and floor heating. Presents the operating principal and key equipments and designs solar collector, thermal storage container, floor-coil radiator and so on， discusses the feasibility of introduction of a combined heating system for an energy building in Qingdao. On the base of this, two types of energy supply systems, the conventional system(gas heating and SAHP system, were set. Those two types of systems were evaluated regarding energy efficiency and environmental load. According to the results, compared with the conventional system, SAHP system was capable of reducing the primary energy consumption and CO2 emission, respectively 20% and 19.2%.
Axial MHD Flow of a Generalized Oldroyd-B Fluid Due to Two Oscillating Cylinders
Authors: Liu Ya Qing , Zheng Lian Cun , Tie Jun
Published: October 2011

Axial magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows for Oldroyd-B fluid are investigated between two cylinders. The motion of the fluid is produced by the two oscillating cylinders. The fractional calculus approach is introduced to establish the constitutive relationship of a viscolastic fluid. Velocity field and shear stress of the motion are determined in terms of Bessel function and generalized Mittag-Leffler function by using Laplace transform and Hankel transform. The influence of pertinent parameters on the flows is delineated and appropriate conclusions are drawn.
Analysis of the Matching Performance of Supercharged Boiler and Turbocharged Set
Authors: Zhang Hong Yan , Wang Cheng , Li Yan Jun , Feng Yong Ming
Published: October 2011

Based on the supercharged boiler thermodynamic calculation method and turbocharged set characteristic calculation method, an integrated model used for studying the matching performance was built, and then the matching performance calculation program chart was made. Taking a type of marine supercharged boiler as the research object, the matching performance of supercharged boiler and turbocharged set, which was changed with excess air coefficient, was studied under different loads. The model is proved correct and effective by the comparison of the design value and calculation value. The analysis results can provide a strong technology support to the supercharged boiler set’s optimized design and safety operation, which means theoretical and practical significance
Study of Electric Power System Neutral Point Grounding Using PSCAD/EMTDC
Authors: Han Ping Ping
Published: October 2011

Neutral point grounding which is related to voltage level, network structure, insulation, communication and relay protection is very important problem to power system. Nowadays, the choice of neutral point grounding mode mainly relies on operation experiences or theoretical analysis which could not give a direct view of the dynamics of electric power system during disturbances. Therefore, this paper has established the simulation model of electric power system neutral point grounding with PSCAD/EMTDC to show the dynamics of neutral point grounding when disturbed by single-phase grounding in transmission lines, and the application of each neutral point grounding mode has been analyzed according to simulation results. The dynamic model of neutral point grounding in this paper is meaningful to the analysis of high-order, non-linear transients of power system as well.
Experimental Study on Start-up Characteristics of Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Wang Xun , Han Tong , Wang Lei , Mao Xin Xin , Yang Cheng Si
Published: October 2011

Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) with distilled water and acetone as working fluids was experimentally investigated. It is found that the PHP required a certain range of heating power to be started, within which the time required to start the PHP became shorter when the heating power was higher. There was a certain incline angle which is 45°in this experiment to start the PHP more quickly than other angles performed. The minimum power to start the PHP became higher when the filling ratio was higher. Compared with distilled water, the PHP was more readily to be started with acetone as working fluid.
Research on Model and Algorithm of Islanding Based on CSP Considering DG
Authors: Fu Yang , Zhang Ke Fu , Bian Xiao Yan , Cao Jia Lin
Published: October 2011

In the condition of distributed generation, the DG’s islanding is an important operation, which can improve the reliability of distribution systems in the process of service restoration. In order to form an optimal islanding scheme when a fault occurs in distribution systems, this paper proposes the model and algorithm for islanding considering DG systems. This model is based on CSP, and solved by the back-tracking algorithm. At last, a simulation example verifies the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
A Data Placement Strategy for Data-Intensive Cloud Storage
Authors: Ding Jie , Han Hai Yun , Zhou Ai Hua
Published: October 2011

Data-Intensive applications in power systems often perform complex computations which always involve large amount of datasets. In a distributed environment, an application may needs several datasets located in different data centers which faces two challenges including the high cost of data movements between data centers and data dependencies within the same data centers. In this paper, a data placement strategy among and within data centers in a cloud environment is proposed. Datasets are placed in different centers by a clustering scheme based on the data dependencies. And within the center, data is partitioned and replicated using consistent hashing. Simulations show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the cost of data movements and perform a evenly data distribution.
Research on the Speed Control of Automatic Train Operation System Based on the Novel PSO-B-BP-PID Controller
Authors: Fu Li Hui
Published: October 2011

By studying the control algorithms of automatic train operation system,the PSO-B-BP-PID controller based on reparametric B-Spline Neural Networks and PSO is proposed.The controller can find more suitable factor by PSO,thereby, it can receive the best reparametric B-Spline basic functions fit for searching weights of the network,at the same time, by replacing the conventional backward-propagation(BP)algorithm with PSO in the paper,it can overcome the shortcomings of easily going into local optimum.By comparing the control performance of PSO-B-BP-PID,B-BP-PID and PSO-BP-PID in experiment,the results indicate the PSO-B-BP-PID can improves punctuality,comfort and stop precision in ATO system.
Classification for Short Duration Disturbances Based on Row-by-Row Similarity of Generalized S-Transform Modulus Matrix
Authors: Xu Fang Wei , Yang Hong Geng , Liu Ya Mei , Li Lan Fang , Ma Ji Shan
Published: October 2011

This paper proposes a power qulity disturbances classification method based on generalized S-Transform(GST) and maximum similarity principle. The GST gauss window changes self-adaptively with the main frequency of the power quality disturbances. The standard modular time-frequency matrixes are constructed by selecting special segment of GST modular matrixes of every category disturbance and scale-transforming based on bilinear interpolation. The test disturbances are dealed with same as the means of standard modular construction. Especially, for representing the difference of sags and swells, spikes and notches, etc., every row average of the standard modular time-frequency matrixes and the special frequency segment of the test disturbances are subtracted and then the similarity is computed. The simulation results verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed classification method.
Research on Communication Method for the Coal Mine Drainage Control System
Authors: Gao Yan , Jin Bao Quan
Published: October 2011

The communication method of the automatically drainage monitoring system for underground coal mine is researched. The advanced PLC control technology and visual InTouch human-machine interface are used to design the control system. The information which is measured by downhole monitoring device can be real-timely transmitted to the ground monitoring stations through the Ethernet optical fiber communication system.The monitoring system can realize on-site manual and automatic control, also can realize remote monitoring and management.This paper mainly describes the implementation process and implementation principle of the data transfer between control unit and remote host computer via Ethernet technology.
Studies on the Estimation of Transformer Winding Parameters
Authors: Deng Xiang Li , Wang Chuan Qi , Zhang Zhe , Yin Xiang Gen
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a new winding parameter model of UHV transformer used by On-line Least- Squares Identification Algorithm (OLSIA) to estimate winding parameters. This paper also provides the criteria to estimate the accuracy of identification model. With EMTP simulation tool, this paper establishes the model according to parameters of the first UHV power transmission system in China, simulates various situations such as UHV transformer energizing, external fault, internal fault, normal operation in the model, and demonstrates that the OLSIA based on the new transformer model is capable to estimate the winding parameters accurately in various conditions, especially in stable-state condition.
Study of the Operational Characteristics of Isolated Grid Fed with Hydro Generators, Diesel Generators and Photovoltaic Power Station
Authors: Qi Xiao Qing , Cao Wei , Wang Da Fei , Wang Da Hong , Li Yu , Lu Wei , Jin Xi
Published: October 2011

When the isolated grid is influenced by disturbance，the power response characteristics of power supplies have an important impact on the operating characteristic of the isolated grid. Ali grid with non-energy storage PV power station was studied and simulated with PSASP software in this paper. The result shows that it is important to make sure the diesel generators participate in primary frequency regulation of the grid to enhance the system stability, especially in the case of PV power output disturbances.
Research on Voltage Stability in Grid-Connected Large Wind Farms
Authors: Lin An
Published: October 2011

Squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) has been widely utilized in large wind farms in China. However, the large wind farm composed of induction generators will cause obvious power system stability problems due to the dependency on reactive power. Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) has excellent dynamic characteristics of wind farm operations. With the increasing of wind power penetration in power systems, more and more wind farms use both SCIG and DFIG. This paper firstly analyzes the the dynamic characteristic of wind farm on power systems, especially in terms of the voltage stability. Then the interaction between the SCIGs and DFIGs is also investigated. A detailed simulation model of wind farms is presented by means of MATLAB. The simulation results demonstrate that the DFIG applications will improve the voltage stability of the wind farm largely and the low voltage ride through characteristics of SCIG to some extend.
A Design of Li-Ion Battery Formation System Based on ARM Embedded Computer
Authors: Hou Jing Jing , Liu Gen Wang
Published: October 2011

Based on embedded ARM system and TCP\IP protocol and CAN-bus protocol, a filed-control-system of Li-ion Battery Formation was designed. TCP protocol has many advantages such as reliable and high speed; CAN-bus protocol also has many advantages such as high speed, high reliability and good resisting disturbance performance. We used TCP protocol achieve communication between Host Computer and Upper Computer, and used CAN-bus protocol between Upper Computer and Lower Computer. This system has such functions as inspection, formation management and battery separation. In this article we will describe the system structure, function, communication architecture and give a brief communication software code with QT programming language.
Research on Residual Water Purification Treatment for Environmental Dredging of Taihu Lake
Authors: Hu Baoan , Wang Miao Miao , Shao Liang
Published: October 2011

Large quantities of residual water with contaminants are produced during the dredging project of Taihu lake, which will bring environment pollution without treatment. Combining the experiments with real engineering, water quality and the correlation between pollution indexes were detected and analyzed in this article. Through coagulation experiments, the removal effects of different flocculants were investigated, meanwhile the amount of flocculants and the setting time were determined. Experimental results showed that the correlation exists between SS, CODMn , NH3-N and TP, so the method of only controlling SS for water discharge target could not totally satisfy the requirement. The sedimentation time in storage yard influenced the removal effects on pollutions greatly, thus, the bottom sludge could not flow into sedimentation tank without staying in the storage yard. PAC was the best flocculant, and the solid suspension concentration could drop below 100 mg/L when the concentration is 50 mg/L and the coagulation time is 5 minutes.
Research on Biostimulant in Scenic Water Bioremediation
Authors: Du Juan , Lu Zhu
Published: October 2011

This paper investigated the improvement of water quality in polluted scenic water bioremediation by using biostimulant studied independent. The main material biochemical fulvic acid is made from agricultural wastes straw. The comparison experiments results showed that the effect of biostimulant closed to the introduction reagent in some water quality indexes, and better in some aspects else. It could be used in actual polluted scenic water bioremediation instead of the introduction reagent or partially. The cost price of the bioremediation and the biostimulant are both not high, because of the cheap main material. At the same time, the multipurpose use of agricultural wastes problem could be solved effectively. The removal rates of CODCr and TP were more than 10% higher in the samples extra added trace elements B and Mo, contrast to the samples only with biostimulant.
Operational Parameters and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) Simulation Model of Integration Membrane Bioreactor (IMBR) Treating Sewage from Ship
Authors: Shi Yue , Guo Liang , Zhou Jun , Bai Run , Li Xin , Liu Peng , Wang Xiang Xiang
Published: October 2011

Nowadays, in order to meet the new standard of IMO for sewage discharged from ship treatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) was widely used in this field. In this study, a novel bioreactor named integration membrane bioreactor (IMBR) was used to treat sewage from ship. A lab scale experiment was conducted to find the best controlling strategy of operation. The results were as follows: The IMBR had strong adaptability and effluent stability under wide change in VLR which was from 1.2kg/m3.d to 4.3kg/m3.d; The HRT of the IMBR was suggested to be controlled around 6h; The IMBR operator was better in alkali-resistant and weaker in acid-proof, which implied the pH of suitable living environment for aerobic microbe should be higher than 6.5. At the same time, a simulation model of operational parameters was established based on theory of back propagation neural network (BPNN). The simulation model realizes prediction of which were the key impact factor and optimum operational parameters of the IMBR system. Each parameter influencing the performance of the reactor was compared using the method of partitioning connection weights (PCW). The weight of the influence factors was pH value> DO>influent COD in the experimental range.
Experimental Study of Desulfurizaiton Performance of Spouted Bed with Porous Draft Tube
Authors: He Liang , Zhang Shao Feng , Li Chun Li
Published: October 2011

For the flue gas semi-dry desulfurizaiton technology, a new type of spouted bed with porous draft tube was put forward in this paper. The desulfurizaiton performance of it was studied, and some effects on SO2 removal efficiency were examined, such as molar ratio of Calcium to sulphur, inlet concentration of SO2, bed height, gas inlet temperature and approach to saturation temperature etc. This study also compared the SO2 removal efficiency of spouted bed with porous draft tube with the nonporous one. The results show that the spouted bed with porous draft tube has better desulfurizaiton performance, the SO2 removal efficiency of which is higher than the one with nonporous draft tube and the optimal operation condition was obtained for industrial application.
Study on Arsenic Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Titanium Modified Manganese Ore
Authors: Huang Yong Bing , Liu Xiu Ying , Wang Li Li , Li Xiao Juan , Tu Shu Xin
Published: October 2011

Natural manganese ore is a kind of arsenic removal mineral. It is low-cost and widely available. In order to enhance its removal efficiency and adsorption quantity of arsenic, this paper adopted TiCl4 to modify natural manganese ore and optimized the conditions of modification. The results showed that the best modification condition was: TiCl4 at a concentration of 10 mg•L-1, dipping time of 18h, pH 3.05, reaction time of 60 min; under these conditions, the removal rates of As (Ⅲ) and As (Ⅴ) respectively reached 94.87% and 99.31%, much higher compared with natural manganese ore (82.95% and 77.93%). The saturated adsorption quantity of As (Ⅲ) and As (Ⅴ) reached 3.48 mg•g-1 and 3.27 mg•g-1, each increasing 1.25 mg•g-1 and 1.21 mg•g-1. The adsorption of As (Ⅲ) by modified manganese ore fits the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, while As (Ⅴ) fits the Langmuir adsorption isotherm best.
Optimizing Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase in the Nano-Scale Porous Structural Inorganic Material
Authors: Kim Jung A , Lim Ji Sook , Kim Han Seung
Published: October 2011

Horseradish peroxidase was immobilized by montmorillonite to construct a nano-scale structural biocatalyst for the stabilization and/or detoxification of phenolic compounds from natural waters. Humic substances extracted from soils were used as a bonding agent, stimulating peptide covalent bonds between enzymes and surface of inorganic clay minerals. Operating conditions including concentrations of enzyme inoculated and duration time and temperature for the immobilization were examined and the optimal condition for maximizing the quantity of enzyme immobilized was found. The results of this study are expected to provide the essential information for the process-efficient and economic enzyme immobilization operations in the environmental engineering as well as for establishing ecological green U-City.
Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Using the Biocatalyst Immobilized by Clay Minerals
Authors: Lee Sun Hyung , Lim Ji Sook , Kim Han Seung
Published: October 2011

Biochemical decomposition of catechol and 4-chlorocatechol, degradation intermediate products of 4-chlorophenol, was investigated using enzymes and their immobilized forms by clay minerals. An oxygenase that can initiate oxidative ring-fission of aromatic compounds was obtained via cloning of its gene (cphA-1) encoding hydroxyquinol dioxygenase contained in Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 and overexpression and purification of the enzyme. The enzyme expressed in vitro was then immobilized onto the clay mineral (montmorillonite). Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis was conducted to compare the expressed enzymes and the immobilized biocatalysts with regard to their degradation activity and capability to sustain activities under severe environments. Vmax values for the immobilized enzymes were smaller than those for the originally cloned enzymes, indicating that loss of enzyme activity was accompanied in the enzyme immobilization process. However, the immobilized enzyme demonstrated far more stable degrading activity in response to wide environmental changes such as marked variation of pH, temperature, and ionic strength. This supported that the enzyme immobilization can provide great advantages for its field application and also should be useful for establishing the concept of ecological green U-City.
Influence of Boiling Time on Purifying Sugar from Preserved Fruits Candied Liquid with Evaporation Method
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Liu Shan , Ma Yan Dong , Huang Zhi Zhen , Zhou Man Man , Lin Song Qing
Published: October 2011

In order to observe the influences of liquid boiling time on purifying sugar from candied liquid with evaporation method, 50 g of candied liquid was weighed for evaporating experiments and control of the boiling time is 10 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min. In these experiments, 6 parallel experiments were done at each boiling time for observing the change of the candied liquid in different boiling time and determining the sweetness of candied liquid. The results show that: with the increase of boiling time, sugar content continue to decrease; Selected time for the purity of the purified sugar have a great impact.
Research the Relationship between the RNA Structure and Thermal Stability by Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Wang Ju Mei , Wang Yan Hong , Wang Bin Bin , Fan Ren Hua , Shen Wei De , Li Bing
Published: October 2011

In order to investigate the relationship between the RNA structure and thermal stability, we used real-time PCR method to survey the degradation information of Bombyx mori larvae inter reference gene RNA treated with 70 °C to 90 °C. The results showed that there were some relativities between the whole thermal stability RNA and the GC contents. The whole RNA displayed prominent degradation above 70 °C. The amplification length of the two inner reference genes were 147 bp and 150 bp, respectively, and the GC content were 59.184% and 44.667%, respectively. The risdual ratio was 67.712% and 50.849%, respectively. These results explained that there were negative correlation between the degradation rate and the GC contents. This study reported the correlation between the degradation rate and the GC contents of inner reference gene, providing the references for studying the RNA thermal stability and related molecular biology research.
Treatment of Preserved Wastewater with Activated Sludge Method
Authors: Zhang Yong Li , Lin Wei Tian , Feng Bing Jie , Zhang Hu , Ji Yi Yi , Yao Chang Xuan
Published: October 2011

Preserved production is caused by wastewater pollution which has become a serious environmental problem in chaoshan district of one. Through the research KangHui group Chao’an cool fruit factory integrated nature of emissions from wastewater integrated wastewater, treat preserved fruits wastewater with activated sludge. In order to strengthen the cultivation of acclimation wastewater treatment, domestication was studied the best training domesticated aeration time. Experiments show that: The best treatment of preserved fruits wastewater is Acclimation of 38 h, and the wastewater CODcr removal rate reached 98.0%, then the effluent CODcr can be reduced in the 95 mg/L or so. Activated sludge treatment cool fruit production waste water, the training domesticated aeration and h of wastewater treatment after best effect.
Influence of Liquid Mass on Purificating Sugar from Candied Liquid of Preserved Fruits with Evaporation Method
Authors: Wang Qing Yu , Lin Song Qing , Yang Liu Shan , Huang Zhi Zhen , Zhou Man Man , Ma Yan Dong
Published: October 2011

In order to observe the influence of liquid mass with evaporating purification from candied liquid of preserved fruits in the same boiling time, volume were obtained 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g of candied liquid to evaporate. Boiling the solution for each time for 25 mins, the quality of each of four groups of parallel experiments was done to measure the candied liquid evaporation after sugar, the effects of different quality candied liquid evaporation effect. The results showed that in the same boiling time, the increase in quality with liquid, sugar becomes larger and larger; Candied liquid boiling temperature is about 99 °C, liquid in the different quality of candied sugar by evaporation and purification process need different times to boiling; In these experiments, candied sugar solution used was 60.8% of the percentage content.
Experimental Study on the Phytoremediation of Manganese Contaminated Soil Using Phytolacca acinosa Roxb
Authors: You Shao Hong , Zhang Xue Hong , Lu Xiao Yan , Liu Jie
Published: October 2011

Phytoalcca acinosa Roxb, a perennial and herb, was reported to be a Mn-hyperaccumulator. In this study, P. acinosa was investigated for its potential to remove Mn from the soil in a series of pot experiments. The results showed that P. acinosa had a high extraction capacity for manganese in soil and extracted manganese from soil to the leaves and stems quickly. The average concentration of Mn in leaves was 17,043 mg/kg dry weight (DW) with a maximum of 28,202mg/kg DW. While the average Mn concentration in stems and roots were 3,138 mg / kg DW and 2,189 mg / kg DW respectively, and were less than those in leaves. Amount of Mn extracted by a plant was the highest (13.000 mg/plant) when Mn concentration was 500mg/kg DW in soil. Dynamic experiment indicated the best harvest time for P. acinosa was 60d. The sequential harvests did not significantly affect Mn accumulation and shoot biomass (p > 0.05), however, the stem and leave biomass were changed (p<0.05), indicating that sequential harvest might be an available and convenient way to achieve the decontamination of Mn-contaminated soils by P. acinosa. These results showed that P. acinosa with a high capacity to remove manganese from soil might be a good candidate for remediation of Mn-contaminated soils.
Thermal Desorption Remediation of Soil Highly Polluted by 1,2-Dichloroethane in China
Authors: Gao Guo Long , Jiang Jian Guo
Published: October 2011

A full-field investigation was conducted of thermal desorption remediation of soil polluted by 1, 2-dichloroethane (1, 2-DCA). The effects of soil type, system temperature, thermal desorption time, and stirring speed on the residual concentration of 1, 2-DCA were determined. The residual concentration of 1, 2-DCA decreased with increasing viscosity, system temperature, thermal desorption time, and stirring speed. Optimal thermal desorption conditions for moderately polluted clay soil were a system temperature of 130°C and thermal desorption time of 50 min with stirring. Optimal thermal desorption conditions for heavily polluted clay soil were a system temperature of 130°C and thermal desorption time of 90 min with stirring. This study provides technological parameters and theoretical guidance for engineering.
Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil around the Gangue Hill: A Case Study from Zhuxiangzhuang Coal Mine, Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Liu Xiang Hong , Sun Lin Hua , Chen Song
Published: October 2011

Heavy metal concentrations of soils around two gangue hills from Zhuxiangzhuang coal mine, northern Anhui province, China had been determined by using X-Ray Fluorescence, and the calculation of enrich factor and index of geo-accumulation, as well as multivariate statistical analysis (including principle component analysis and cluster analysis) had been brought out to light: V, Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn of soils are unpolluted when normalize to soil environmental background value of China. However, when normalized to their minimum concentrations, Zn is light pollution. Two sources of heavy metals have been identified by using multivariate statistical analysis, including lithogenic (V and Fe) and anthropogenic (Cr, Cu and Zn). The soils from the area between two gauge hills have the highest degrees of heavy metals pollution relative to other areas, implying that the method in the Zhuxianzhuang coal mine is useful for environmental protection.
EM Biodegrading Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Ding Shi Qiang , Yang Yu Suo , Zuo Xiu Jin , Xu Yin
Published: October 2011

In this study, the feasible condition for diesel oil degradation of EM was investigated in artificial seawater medium. Under the optimal growth and degradation condition of pH 8.0, 30°C, inoculation amount of 3%, substrate concentration of 0.5%, and NaCl concentration of 20 g/L, the n-alkanes of diesel oil was degraded in high efficiency with total degrading rate of 72.3%, and the average n-alkanes (C10- C21) removal could reach 74.8% within 15 days. The results indicated that EM could be used in the bioremediation of marine oil pollution.
Isolation and Characterization of Rhodopseudomonas sp. S9-1 Capable of Degrading Pyrazosulfuron-Ethyl
Authors: Yin Le Bin , Liu Yong , Zhang De Yong , Zhang Song Bai
Published: October 2011

A bacterial strain S9-1 capable of degrading sulfonylurea herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE) was isolated from contaminated soil through the enrichment incubation method. Based on morphology, colony and cultural properties, physiological and biochemical characteristics, living-cell absorption spectra, internal photosynthetic membrane, and phylogenetics of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, S9-1 was preliminarily identified as belonging to the genus Rhodopseudomonas, a group of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). The effects of PSE concentration, pH, and temperature on biodegradation were examined. The degradation rate was found to decrease with increasing PSE concentration. Optimal growth pH and temperature were found to be 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. The strain was able to degrade 47.51% of PSE at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1 after 7 days of incubation at 30°C and could tolerate 800 mg ml-1 PSE. S9-1 was also able to completely co-metabolically transform 100 mg ml-1 PSE at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 7500 lux in 15 days. As the concentration of PSE increased, the degradation process took longer to complete. The fragment encoding acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene from S9-1 was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences was implemented, and the conserved sites were analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSB in PSE biodegradation. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium as a detoxifying agent for use with PSE-contaminated soil and wastewater.
Removal of Nutrients from Saline Waste Sewage with Different Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland Substrates
Authors: Ma Chao , Ding Hui , Sun Yi Chao , Deng Xiao Wen
Published: October 2011

In order to find the best substrates of constructed wetlands for saline waste sewage treatment, Bio-ceramic, quartz sand, zeolite and medical stone were used as filtering media for saline sewage treatment with proper proportion microbe, isolated from the sewage of the Wuqing sewage treatment plant. In this paper, the purification of the vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with different substrates was studied, and the component of the nitrogen in the influent and effluent was analyzed. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+ -N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and the salinity of the influent during the experimental period were 150mg•L-1, 36 mg•L-1, 8mg•L-1, 36mg•L-1 and 1.6%. Under the condition that the hydraulic loading rate was 0.25m•d-1, the average removal efficiency of COD, TP and TN were obtained about 68.81%, 32.01% and 20.72 %, respectively with Bio-ceramic; 61.92%, 31.75% and 34.33%, respectively with quartz sands; 69.47%, 35.44% and 55.28% , respectively with zeolite; and 64.77%, 32.63% and 34.72%, respectively with medical stone. This result proves that comprehensive purification of the system with zeolite is the best.
Study of the Corrosion Rate of Three Contactors Materials Using the Electrochemical Technique of Tafel
Authors: Salazar Peralta Araceli , Chavez Rosa Hilda , Olea Mejía Oscarf. , Solís-Casados Dora Alicia
Published: October 2011

The main objective of this project was to study the corrosion rate of three different structured packing materials, a metallic, one polymeric and the other one ceramic, which will be in contact with an aqueous solution of MEA (monoethanolamine) to 30% and sour gases in a countercurrent absorption column. The materials were studied in two electrochemical cells: the first one in the presence of an aqueous solution of 1N sulfuric acid, and the second in the aqueous solution of MEA 30%, the study was done using the Tafel extrapolation methods and resistance to the polarization to measure the corrosion current (I Corr), and determine the corrosion rates of the three materials structured packings. The standard procedure used was according to ASTM G59-91, following the technique ININ No. P. SC (Cl) -06, the following results were found: in the presence of 1N sulfuric acid solution the metallic material presented a rate of 7.8 x 10-4 corrosion mpy (miles per year), the polymeric material submitted a corrosion rate of 2.82 x 10-4 mpy, and the ceramic material presented a corrosion rate of 1.03 x 101 mpy. With the aqueous solution of MEA at 30% in weight, and the sour gases the results were as follows: the metallic material presented a corrosion rate of 6.42 x 10-2 mpy, the polymeric material submitted a corrosion rate of 1.48 x 10-1 mpy and the ceramic material presented a corrosion rate of 5.6 x 10-1 mpy. These results provide a basis for predicting the lifetime of the three materials, as well as chemical resistance in the absorption column. Finally, we examined the morphology of the etched surface by scanning electron microscopy and found that in the metallic material was formed a layer of Cr2O3, which is helping the passivating material to further protect the acid attacks, the polymer material has a surface smoother after the attack and in the ceramic is observed pores larger than those observed in the material before the attack.
Inspection and Analysis for IAQ of Public Buildings in Lingui
Authors: Huang Chao , Wang Rong , Zhou Zhi Ping
Published: October 2011

This paper conformed the indoor air quality evaluation of buildings in Lingui, using the designed evaluation system combined subjective assessment with objective evaluation. By calculating and analyzing the experiment data and survey data, the comfort and the main effecting factors of public buildings in Lingui was put forward herein. Eventually appropriate measures were proposed to improve the indoor air quality.
Study on the Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Cadmium after Flotation Separation with Ternary Association Complex System
Authors: Wen Xin Rong , Tu Chang Qing
Published: October 2011

The paper presents a novel method for the flotation separation of Cd2+ with ternary association complex system prior to the determination by spectrophotometry. The effects of different parameters,such as the dosages of KI and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTMAC),various salts and acidity etc. on the flotation yield of Cd 2+ have been investigated to select the experimental conditions. The possible flotation mechanism of Cd2+ was discussed.The results showed that by controlling pH2.0,in the presence of 1.0g (NH4)2SO4, when the dosage of 0.1 mol•L-1 KI solution was 2.00 mL and 0.01 mol•L-1 OTMAC solution was 2.00 mL respectively, the water-insoluble ternary association complex of (OTMAC)2(CdI4) which produced by Cd 2+ and I-,OTMAC cation (OTMAC+) floated above water phase and liquid-solid phases were formed with clear interface,while Mn2+ , Ni2+ ,Co2+ , Zn2+ and Al 3+ could not be floated,so Cd2+ was floated quantitatively at pH2.0. Thereby, the quantitative separation of Cd2+ from the above metal ions could be achieved.A new method of determination of trace cadmium by flotation separation was established.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Cd 2+ in the sample of synthetic water and the flotation yield was 97.2%~108.7%.