bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Guru MI Tarbiyatus Shibyan dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Siswa pada Pembelajaran Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nur Riska , Rahman Fawait Syaiful
Published: December 2022

Abstrak Covid-19 berdampak pada segala sektor kehidupan, dari ekonomi, politik, kesehatan, sosial, hingga pendidikan. Pendidikan di Indonesia selama Pandemi Covid-19 mengalami adaptasi cukup beragam, mulai dari pembatasan sosial hingga penutupan sementara kegiatan belajar mengajar, sebab dikhawatirkan terjadi perkumpulan atau kontak secara langsung yang memicu klaster baru. Salah satu dari hal manarik adalah proses belajar mengajar di MI Tarbiyatus Shibyan yang berposisi di daerah cukup pelosok, dan MI tersebut menurut pertimbangan kondisi geografi memungkinkan mengalami banyak kendala, diantaranya adalah pemanfaatan tehknologi. Penelitian ini mencoba mengupas secara mendalam tentang apa saja upaya guru MI Tarbiyatus Shibyan dalam meningkatkan Kompetensi Siswa selama Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tehknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan reduksi, display, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis memperoleh kesimpulan; pertama Upaya Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Tarbiyatus Shibyan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa yaitu melakukan analisis terhadap kondisi siswa. Upaya analisis ini dimaksudkan mengetahui perkembangan dan pertumbuhan siswa. Dengan demikian, langkah berikutnya dapat diputuskan, apakah materi dapat dilanjutkan atau perlu pengulangan materi dengan strategi dan media yang berbeda untuk pemerataan kemampuan siswa menguasai pelajaran. Kedua, Problematika yang dihadapi oleh tenaga kependidikan MI Tarbiyatus Shibyan sebagai berikut; pertama problem yang berkaitan dengan finansial, Kedua problem yang berkaitan dengan materi pembelajaran., Ketiga, problem yang berkaitan dengan sarana dan prasarana. Dan ke empat problem yang berkaitan dengan kompetensi penggunaan teknologi informasi. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dilakukan secara jarak jauh yang dikenal dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) dengan kombinasi pembelajaran secara daring (online) dan pembelajaran luring (luar jaringan).
Retraction: Entrepreneurial universities and intermediary organisations as a success factor in SMES: Literature review (2020, vol. 68, iss. 3-4, pp. 229-247)
Authors: Kahrović Ernad
Published: December 2022

The review paper entitled "ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITIES AND INTERMEDIARY ORGANISATIONS AS A SUCCESS FACTOR IN SMES: LITERATURE REVIEW" authored by Ernad Kahrović published in the Volume 68, issue 3-4 of the journal Ekonomika preduzeća, dated 20/05/2020, DOI: 10.5937/EKOPRE2004229K is being retracted due to plagiarism.
Estimating beam strength of metallic gear materials
Authors: Osakue Edward , Anetor Lucky
Published: December 2022

Expressions for the pulsating or beam strengths of many popular metallic gear materials are derived based on the tensile strength and endurance ratio. The strength values predicted are for a reliability of 99% at load cycles corresponding to that of the endurance strength of the materials. The expressions are based on the consideration of the revised Lewis gear root stress formula by treating the design parameters as random variables associated with the lognormal probability density function and application of the Gerber fatigue failure rule. Pulsating strength predictions are compared with those of AGMA estimates for through-hardened steels and other materials. The variances between model predictions and AGMA values for steel and ductile cast iron materials are reasonably low. Low variances between model and AGMA values for high-strength gray cast iron and cast bronze were also observed. However, high variances between model and AGMA values for low-strength gray cast iron and cast bronze were found. Overall, the model estimates are considered sufficiently accurate for preliminary design applications where initial sizes of gears are generated. The study showed that for many metallic gear materials, the average pulsating strength ratio is 0.36 at 99% reliability. Therefore, the suggestion by Buckingham, that the fatigue strength of a gear tooth is approximately one-third (0.333) of the tensile strength of the material is justified.
Socio-economic analysis of development regions in Romania
Authors: Giuca Andreea , Stoica Dalila , Sterie Cristina , Dobrota Carmen
Published: December 2022

Regional development is a priority objective of the EU. Reducing gaps and inequalities between European countries or regions requires coordinated efforts through a regional development policy. To make the implementation of regional political measures more efficient, the European territory was divided into regions according to certain territorial division criteria, NUTS. Considering this context, the paper aims to carry out a socioeconomic analysis at the regional level, using the Tempo Online statistical database of the National Institute of Statistics (INS). For this purpose, indicators were used regarding the labor force, the level of living and economic statistics of the development regions in Romania.
Mineralogical characteristics of the heterolithic formations from the Carpathian Foredeep Miocene sediments, south-eastern Poland
Authors: Przelaskowska Anna , Zagórska Urszula , Urbaniec Andrzej , Łykowska Grażyna , Klaja Jolanta , Grela Jacek , Kędracka Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Heterolithic complexes from the Carpathian Foredeep are a subject of growing attention as many natural gas accumulations of industrial importance have been discovered in such formations during the last decades. The aim of the presented work was to determine lithotypes of different lithology and mineralogical composition in the heterolithic sequences. Individual lithotypes were distinguished of macroscopic observations of cores, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence method (XRF). Preliminary distinction of the lithotypes was based on macroscopic observations of the core samples. Correlation plots between the contents of particular minerals (XRD analyses) and corresponding elements (XRF analyses) were used for verification of the lithotypes distinguished on the basis of macroscopic observations. Swelling properties of the investigated rocks were determined using the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. The following lithotypes were identified: medium- to fine-grained sandstones, fine- to very fine-grained sandstones, clayey sandstones, sand-dominated heteroliths, heteroliths with equal proportions of sandstones and mudstones, mud-dominated heteroliths, mudstones, clayey shales. Such division provides a basis for precise petrophysical characterization of the analyzed profiles, that is assignment of particular petrophysical parameters values to individual lithotypes. More reliable petrophysical parameters in the geophysical interpretation of heterolithic sequences allow for a more precise determination of zones characterized by good reservoir parameters.
Land use/land cover changes in the period of 2015–2020 in AngYai Village, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Authors: Thien Bui Bao , Sosamphanh Bounthavy , Yachongtou Bounheuang , Phuong Vu Thi
Published: December 2022

In this study, land use/land cover (LULC) changes were identified in AngYai Village, Sikhottabong District, Vientiane Capital, Laos, from 2015 to 2020 using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Topographic maps and Google Earth Pro satellite imagery data were used with ArcGIS 10.8 software to map land use fluctuations. The study area was classified into the six main types of LULC (agricultural, builtup, forest, main roads, waste land, and water bodies) based on field research, geographical conditions, and RS data. The results indicated sizeable increases in the built-up, main roads, and especially waste land areas over the study period. The forest and agricultural land areas decreased during the study period, possibly due to increased urbanization rates, nomadic cultivation, and indiscriminate deforestation in the study area. The river area was affected by the construction of hydroelectric dams and by the climate, leading to the drying up of water sources and causing water body areas to decrease to some extent.
A Case Study on Building Information (BIM) and Land Information (LIM) Models Including Geospatial Data
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej Szymon , Kochański Łukasz , Wyszomirski Michał
Published: December 2022

Landscape information modeling (LIM) is a new trend in spatial projects made using BIM technology. Elements of land development are, not only in the opinion of the authors, just as essential as the element of a building object. In turn, GIS data can be used to model larger areas based on combined data from GIS and BIM models. The lack of the strict integration of BIM and GIS (ISO/TR 23262:2021 covers GIS/BIM interoperability, ISO 19166 is in preparation) prevents the modeling of land development objects, both existing and planned, in many cases. The modeling process using the current and known BIM tools and processes were presented to efficiently develop a model of a building object with its surroundings. Modeling took place using best practices that are collected and used in the Polish reality. The work presents an object-oriented approach to modeling elements of spatial development with the preservation of the so-called occupational hygiene. By applying the above principles, it is possible to develop a “good” LIM model that fits the current trends and developments in BIM.
Verification of the Wołek Castle Model with the Actual State Using Digital Photogrammetry and Conventional Survey Methods
Authors: Słowińska Natalia , Żyła Agnieszka , Borowiec Natalia
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of a study to assess the feasibility of using the Structure from Motion photogrammetric method to estimate what parts of Wołek Castle have survived from the 15th century to the present day. The photogrammetric measurements were made with a Nikon D5200 camera, and 249 mock-up images were obtained. Planimetry and altitude coordinates of the castle ruins were obtained using RTN GNSS measurements and the polar method. The measurements were made in the 2000 coordinate system in zone 6, the heights were obtained in the Kronstadt system. Two spatial models were made. The first one in the field scale was made using the ground control points measured in the terrain. The second one was made using ground control points measured on the model in the local system. The control measures were analyzed, the model compared with the actual orthophotomap, and it was estimated what part of the castle was preserved in reality.
Integrating Vegetation Indices and Spectral Features for Vegetation Mapping from Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using AdaBoost and Random Forest Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Saini Rashmi
Published: December 2022

Vegetation mapping is an active research area in the domain of remote sensing. This study proposes a methodology for the mapping of vegetation by integrating several vegetation indices along with original spectral bands. The Land Use Land Cover classification was performed by two powerful Machine Learning techniques, namely Random Forest and AdaBoost. The Random Forest algorithm works on the concept of building multiple decision trees for the final prediction. The other Machine Learning technique selected for the classification is AdaBoost (adaptive boosting), converts a set of weak learners into strong learners. Here, multispectral satellite data of Dehradun, India, was utilised. The results demonstrate an increase of 3.87% and 4.32% after inclusion of selected vegetation indices by Random Forest and AdaBoost respectively. An Overall Accuracy (OA) of 91.23% (kappa value of 0.89) and 88.59% (kappa value of 0.86) was obtained by means of the Random Forest and AdaBoost classifiers respectively. Although Random Forest achieved greater OA as compared to AdaBoost, interestingly AdaBoost provided better class-specific accuracy for the Shrubland class compared to Random Forest. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the importance of each individual feature used in the classification. Results demonstrated that the NDRE, GNDVI, and RTVIcore vegetation indices, and spectral bands (NIR, and Red-Edge), obtained higher importance scores.
A Low-cost Automatic System for Long-term Observations of Soil Temperature
Authors: Zaszewski Daniel , Gruszczyński Tomasz
Published: December 2022

The description of the physical parameters characterizing heat transport in the soil medium, especially on a regional scale, requires long-term and high frequency observations of temperature changes in soil profiles. This paper presents a project for a multi-channel, modular and universal data logger for temperature distribution data collecting in the soil profile, based on open electronic components, such as Arduino microcontroller systems and DS18B20 thermometers. The data logger tests were carried out in two profiles. The seven-month tests did not show any errors in the functioning of the measurement set. The presented device requires an average current of 320 µA, which allows for its stable operation on one battery set for about 300 days in temperate climate conditions. The DS18B20 thermometers allow for accurate and stable temperature measurement (the mean absolute error after laboratory calibration was 0.02°C). The cost of a single measurement-registration device was approximately 76 EUR, representing a competitive price in comparison with commercial data loggers. This allows, with relatively low expenditure, the creation of extensive observation networks for the analysis of the heat flow process in high temporal and spatial resolution.
Gliosarcoma in a Paediatric Patient: A Rare Entity and Review of Literature
Authors: Shankar Meenakshi , Kolte Sachin , Shankar KB , Yadav Vivek
Published: December 2022

Primary Gliosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of central nervous system in adults. It is usually a variant of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type glioblastoma. Its incidence is approximately 2% of glioblastomas and has a dismal prognosis. Most common age group is between 40-60 years of age is commonly seen in males. Paediatric gliosarcoma is even rarer than adults ones. Most common location is temporal and frontal lobes (cerebral hemisphere). Histologically it shows biphasic pattern and is composed of both glial and mesenchymal components. Both these components has monoclonal proliferations. Here, a 20-month-old boy resident of Gorakhpur presented with persistent crying for short duration in neurosurgery emergency. On magnetic resonance studies a frontotemporal lesion was found, for which he underwent tumour excision. The tumour proved to be a primary gliosarcoma. Due to malignant nature of tumour patient did not survive. Gliosacrcoma is rare adult tumour but can rarely occur in children. A differential diagnosis of gliosarcoma should be kept in mind while dealing with congenital tumours in children due its aggressive nature with poor survival outcome.
Effects of Perinatally Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection on Growth Hormone Axis
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan , Chaudhuri Shreya Ray , Bhattacharya Subhasish
Published: December 2022

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common causes of perinatally acquired infection worldwide. It affects almost every organ system with varied type of clinical manifestation. In this case series, effect of perinatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection was studied on relatively unexplored area i.e, on growth hormone axis. Effect of standard antiviral treatment was also studied in these children. Five children were diagnosed to have perinatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection and it was found that all of these children were suffering from growth hormone deficiency (as evidenced by low insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 level as well). Some of the children were also found to have other endocrine manifestations like hypothyroidism and hypoglycaemia. They were treated with intravenous Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir and most of them responded well.
Effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Shelf Life and Berry Quality Parameters of Manjri Naveen Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Ramteke S. D. , Gavali A. H. , Bhagwat S. R. , Khalate Snehal M. , Langote A. R. , Kalbhor J. N.
Published: December 2022

The experiment was conducted at ICAR- National Research Centre of Grapes, Pune during 2020-2021. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) having five treatments and four replications. Pre-harvest sprays of NAA (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm) were taken for application and applied at the veraison stage. The result obtained from this study showed that the higher concentration of NAA (200 ppm) reduces the berry drop, percentage of rotten berries and lowest PLW (%) as compared to untreated vines. The spraying of NAA @ 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm had a significant effect on berry weight, bunch weight, TSS/acidity ratio. The biochemical properties of berries were not influenced by the spraying of NAA at different concentrations. Therefore, the vines applied with a higher concentration of NAA (200 ppm) were found to be effective in increasing the shelf life and yield of Manjri Naveen grapes.
Campus Teaching of Clinical Dermatology Compared to Hospital Teaching to Medical Students of Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdalla Sami Fatehi
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Clinical teaching is the cornerstone of medical student teaching and training. Undoubtedly, the objective teaching is of great benefit to the students; on the other hand, many offenders let the hospital-based teaching lose this objectivity.

Aim: The goal was to assess clinical teaching outcomes on campus and in hospitals.

Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study. The students' results in the final clinical part of the dermatology examination have been used as a comparative indicator. The means of the final examination results were calculated for all students who sat for dermatology exams from 2013 to 2016, stratified by campus group (2013–2014) and hospital group (2015–2016).

Results: The means for both groups have been calculated and compared. The P-value showed a significant statistical difference between the two groups, which is supported by calculating the coefficient of variation to cancel the effect of inequality in students’ numbers between the two groups.

Conclusion: Regardless of the differences, it is clear that classrooms teaching using real, selected cases and projected case scenarios are extremely promising under well-prepared conditions.
Genetic landscape and personalized tracking of tumor mutations in Vietnamese women with breast cancer
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Van‐Anh , Nguyen Sao Trung , Nguyen Trieu Vu , Pham Thanh Huyen , Doan Phuoc Loc , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thanh , Nguyen Minh Long , Dinh Thi Cuc , Pham Dinh Hoang , Nguyen Ngoc Mai , Nguyen Duy Sinh , Nguyen Du Quyen , Lu Y‐Thanh , Do Thanh Thuy Thi , Truong Dinh Kiet , Phan Minh‐Duy , Nguyen Hoai‐Nghia , Giang Hoa , Tu Lan N.
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Vietnamese women, but its mutational landscape and actionable alterations for targeted therapies remain unknown. After treatment, a sensitive biomarker to complement conventional imaging to monitor patients is also lacking. In this prospective multi‐center study, 134 early‐stage breast cancer patients eligible for curative‐intent surgery were recruited. Genomic DNA from tumor tissues and paired white blood cells were sequenced to profile all tumor‐derived mutations in 95 cancer‐associated genes. Our bioinformatic algorithm was then utilized to identify top mutations for individual patients. Serial plasma samples were collected before surgery and at scheduled visits after surgery. Personalized assay tracking the selected mutations were performed to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the plasma. We found that the mutational landscape of the Vietnamese was largely similar to other Asian cohorts, showing higher TP53 mutation frequency than in Caucasians. Alterations in PIK3CA and PI3K signaling were dominant, particularly in our triple‐negative subgroup. Using top‐ranked mutations, we detected ctDNA in pre‐operative plasma in 24.6–43.5% of the hormone‐receptor‐positive groups and 76.9–80.8% of the hormone‐receptor‐negative groups. The detection rate was associated with breast cancer subtypes and clinicopathological features that increased the risk of relapse. Interim analysis after a 15‐month follow‐up revealed post‐operative detection of ctDNA in all three patients that had recurrence, with a lead time of 7–13 months ahead of clinical diagnosis. Our personalized assay is streamlined and affordable with promising clinical utility in residual cancer surveillance. We also generated the first somatic variant dataset for Vietnamese breast cancer women that could lay the foundation for precision cancer medicine in Vietnam.
LINC00998‐encoded micropeptide SMIM30 promotes the G1/S transition of cell cycle by regulating cytosolic calcium level
Authors: Yang Jin‐E , Zhong Wang‐Jing , Li Jin‐Feng , Lin Ying‐Ying , Liu Feng‐Ting , Tian Hao , Chen Ya‐Jing , Luo Xiao‐Yu , Zhuang Shi‐Mei
Published: December 2022

The biological functions of short open reading frame (sORF)‐encoded micropeptides remain largely unknown. Here, we report that LINC00998, a previously annotated lncRNA, was upregulated in multiple cancer types and the sORF on LINC00998 encoded a micropeptide named SMIM30. SMIM30 was localized in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Silencing SMIM30 inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro and suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts and N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐induced hepatoma. Overexpression of the 5′UTR‐sORF sequence of LINC00998, encoding wild‐type SMIM30, enhanced tumor cell growth, but this was abolished when a premature stop codon was introduced into the sORF via single‐base deletion. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies revealed that SMIM30 peptide but not LINC00998 reduced cytosolic calcium level, increased CDK4, cyclin E2, phosphorylated‐Rb and E2F1, and promoted the G1/S phase transition and cell proliferation. The effect of SMIM30 silencing was attenuated by a calcium chelator or the agonist of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump. These findings suggest a novel function of micropeptide SMIM30 in promoting G1/S transition and cell proliferation by enhancing SERCA activity and reducing cytosolic calcium level.
Impact of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy on neutralizing antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA‐1237 vaccine in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Felip Eudald , Pradenas Edwards , Romeo Margarita , Marfil Silvia , Trinité Benjamin , Urrea Víctor , Hernández Ainhoa , Ballana Ester , Cucurull Marc , Mateu Lourdes , Massanella Marta , Clotet Bonaventura , Morán Teresa , Blanco Julià
Published: December 2022

Patients with solid tumors have been a risk group since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic due to more significant complications, hospitalizations or deaths. The immunosuppressive state of cancer treatments or the tumor itself could influence the development of post‐vaccination antibodies. This study prospectively analyzed 89 patients under chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, who received two doses of the mRNA‐1237 vaccine, and were compared with a group of 26 non‐cancer individuals. Information on adverse events and neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral strain of SARS‐CoV‐2 (WH1) have been analyzed. Local reactions accounted for 65%, while systemic reactions accounted for 46% of oncologic individuals/cancer patients. Regarding the response to vaccination, 6.7% of cancer patients developed low neutralizing antibody levels. Lower levels of neutralizing antibodies between cancer and non‐cancer groups were significant in individuals without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but not in previously infected individuals. We also observed that patients receiving chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy have significantly lower levels of neutralizing antibodies than non‐cancer individuals. In conclusion, our study confirms the importance of prioritizing cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment in SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination programs.
Using machine learning to predict gamma passing rate in volumetric‐modulated arc therapy treatment plans
Authors: Salari Elahheh , Shuai Xu Kevin , Sperling Nicholas Niven , Parsai E. Ishmael
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to develop an algorithm to predict gamma passing rate (GPR) in the volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique.

Materials and methods

A total of 118 clinical VMAT plans, including 28 mediastina, 25 head and neck, 40 brains intensity‐modulated radiosurgery, and 25 prostate cases, were created in RayStation treatment planning system for Edge and TrueBeam linacs. In‐house scripts were developed to compute Modulation indices such as plan‐averaged beam area (PA), plan‐averaged beam irregularity (PI), total monitor unit (MU), leaf travel/arc length, mean dose rate variation, and mean gantry speed variation. Pretreatment verifications were performed on ArcCHECK phantom with SNC software. GPR was calculated with 3%/2 mm and 10% threshold. The dataset was randomly split into a training (70%) and a test (30%) dataset. A random forest regression (RFR) model and support vector regression (SVR) with linear kernel were trained to predict GPR using the complexity metrics as input. The prediction performance was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE), R2, and root mean square error (RMSE).

Results

RMSEs at γ 3%/2 mm for RFR and SVR were 1.407 ± 0.103 and 1.447 ± 0.121, respectively. MAE was 1.14 ± 0.084 for RFR and 1.101 ± 0.09 for SVR. R2 was equal to 0.703 ± 0.027 and 0.689 ± 0.053 for RFR and SVR, respectively. GPR of 3%/2 mm with a 10% threshold can be predicted with an error smaller than 3% for 94% of plans using RFR and SVR models. The most important metrics that had the greatest impact on how accurately GPR can be predicted were determined to be the PA, PI, and total MU.

Conclusion

In terms of its prediction values and errors, SVR (linear) appeared to be comparable with RFR for this dataset. Based on our results, the PA, PI, and total MU calculations may be useful in guiding VMAT plan evaluation and ultimately reducing uncertainties in planning and radiation delivery.
Event‐triggered pinning synchronization and robust pinning synchronization of coupled neural networks with multiple weights
Authors: Huang Yanli , Xiao Xin , Wang Yihao , Li Jiang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we, respectively, solve the problems of event‐triggered pinning synchronization and robust pinning synchronization of multiple weighted coupled neural networks (MWCNNs). By devising suitable event‐triggered controller, some pinning synchronization and robust pinning synchronization criteria for MWCNNs with the appropriate event‐triggered condition are deduced, respectively, on the basis of some inequalities and the theory of Lynapunov functional. Furthermore, we research the event‐triggered pinning synchronization and event‐triggered robust pinning synchronization of multiple weighted coupled delayed neural networks and establish some correlative synchronization criteria, respectively, on the basis of appropriate event‐triggered condition and pinning controller. At last, the numerical simulation results in two examples verify the validity of the theoretical results.
Command‐filtered‐based neuroadaptive control for multi‐input multi‐output saturated nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with prescribed tracking performance
Authors: Yang Di , Liu Weijun , Guo Chen
Published: December 2022

In this article, the prescribed performance control strategy is extended to multi‐input multi‐output nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with asymmetric input saturation, and not only each element in tracking error vector converges to a prescribed small region within preassigned finite time, but also the converging mode during the preset time is prespecifiable and controllable explicitly. By blending the barrier function with novel speed function, a prescribed performance controller using command‐filtered‐based vector‐backstepping design framework is proposed to steer the tracking error vector for the first time, where the boundedness of filter errors is guaranteed by sufficiently small time constant and an error compensator is constructed to handle the effects of filter errors. To attenuate the adverse effects resulted from nondifferentiable input saturation, hyperbolic tangent function is utilized to estimate asymmetric saturation function such that the control input is designed as a new state variable with initial value of zero in augmented system. Nussbaum function is employed to overcome singularity problem caused by the differentiation of hyperbolic tangent function. At each step of backstepping design, the universal approximation property of neural network and the command filter system are utilized to approximate uncertain dynamics and to solve algebraic loop obstacle due to nonstrict‐feedback structure, respectively. Moreover, only one parameter needs to be updated online to cope with the lumped uncertain dynamics by virtual parameter technology, rendering a control strategy with low complexity computation. The validity of the presented controller is verified by theoretical analysis and two‐link robotic system.
Feasibility of Prelithiation in LiFePO4
Authors: Cao Mengyan , Liu Zepeng , Zhang Xiao , Yang Lu , Xu Shiwei , Weng Suting , Zhang Simeng , Li Xiaoyun , Li Yejing , Liu Tongchao , Gao Yurui , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan
Published: December 2022

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is widely applied as the cathode material for the energy storage Li‐ion batteries due to its low cost and high cycling stability. However, the low theoretical specific capacity of LiFePO4 makes its initial capacity loss more concerning. Therefore, lithium compensation by way of prelithiation and applications of sacrificial Li‐rich additives in LiFePO4 is imminent in elevating the energy density and/or prolonging the lifetime of the LiFePO4‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Prelithiation in LiFePO4 is herein carried out by electrochemical and chemical methods and its feasibility is proved on the basis of the electrochemical evaluations such as the initial charge capacity and the cycling stability. In addition, the site of the pre‐intercalated Li‐ions is found via comprehensive physical characterizations and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These findings open a new avenue for elevating the energy density and/or prolonging the lifetime of the high‐energy‐density batteries.
The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges
Authors: de Kergariou Charles , Demoly Frédéric , Perriman Adam , Le Duigou Antoine , Scarpa Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

In recent years, 4D printing has allowed the rapid development of new concepts of multifunctional/adaptive structures. The 4D printing technology makes it possible to generate new shapes and/or property‐changing capabilities by combining smart materials, multiphysics stimuli, and additive manufacturing. Hygromorphs constitute a specific class of new smart materials where their properties and morphing capabilities are dependent on the surrounding humidity, which drives actuation. Although multiple efforts have been made to fabricate hygromorph demonstrators, a comprehensive design process to produce hygromorphs by multiple 4D printing techniques is not yet available. The broad aim of this review and concept paper is to i) highlight existing scientific and technology gaps in the field of 4D‐printed hygromorphs, ii) identify tools existing in other research fields for filling those gaps, and iii) discuss a series of guidelines for tackling future challenges and opportunities to develop 4D‐printed composite hygromorph materials and related manufacturing processes. Accordingly, this review describes the materials and additive manufacturing techniques used for hygromorph composite fabrication. Moreover, the relevant parameters that control actuation, the models selection and performance, the design methods and the actuation measurements for customized 4D‐printed hygromorph materials, are discussed.
Microtemplated Electrowetting for Fabrication of Shape‐Controllable Microdomes in Extruded Microsucker Arrays toward Octopus‐Inspired Dry/Wet Adhesion
Authors: Wu Yihang , Li Xiangming , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Duorui , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Liang , Shao Jinyou
Published: December 2022

Inspired by the prominent adhesion ability of octopus suckers, many dry/wet adhesives with specific micro‐structure have been fabricated for applications in smart robots, manipulators, and medical treatments. However, the reported octopus‐inspired adhesive patches are either suction‐assistant without tight‐sealing, or suction‐sealed but inefficient under both dry/wet environments. Here, a microtemplated electrowetting method is developed for the fabrication of reversible dry/wet adhesive pads consisting of extruded microsuckers with suction‐enhanced microdomes and sealing‐ring tips. The mechanism toward the morphology regulation of microdomes illustrates the uneven electrohydrodynamic force on the liquid–air interface that changes the liquid meniscus and achieves the precise regulation of the microdomes curvature ratio (from 0.45 to 0.74). The tip spacing can be controlled (from 0 to 50 µm) by using different templates. Theoretical and experimental insights into the mechanism of the microdomes morphology and the tip spacing on adhesion are discussed. With optimized microdomes and maximized sealing‐tips, this adhesive patch generates strong and repeatable adhesion on a silicon wafer in both air (≈ 86 kPa) and underwater (≈ 61 kPa) environments. Besides, considerable adhesion to the rough surfaces are also revealed. Its adhesion ability is demonstrated with stable transportation of various objects under air/underwater environments, providing a potential application in cross‐media operation.
Defect‐Rich Hierarchical Porous Mn‐Doped CoP Hollow Microspheres Accelerate Polysulfide Conversion
Authors: Zhou Fei , Wang Renheng , He Sicong , Liu Xue , Liu Shaoqing , Shao Huize , Liu Xueping , Xiao Zhe , Liu Jianwen
Published: December 2022

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high theoretical specific capacities have been regarded as the development direction of next generation energy storage. However, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the retardation of conversion kinetics have hindered their industrial application. Herein, Mn selectively doped CoP hollow microspheres are designed and synthesized to trap LiPSs and enhance Li–S reaction kinetics. Mn is successfully doped into (100) surfaces of Co3O4 via simple hydrothermal reaction, whereas it is only excessively accumulated on (111) surfaces. The unique selective doping of Mn not only provides an accurate and controllable synthesis path, but also makes synthesized target products rich in phosphorus defects after thermal shock. The adsorption, electrochemical, and in situ XRD and Raman tests prove its enhancement in adsorption capacity for LiPSs and inhibition of shuttle effect. Meanwhile, density functional theory calculations confirm that the reduced reaction energy barriers accelerate the reduction kinetics of sulfur redox conversion. Therefore, the optimal electrode displays an outstanding cycling stability with a capacity fading rate of just 0.0207% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. This study provides a novel design to promote the practical use of LSBs by introducing lattice defects, enlightening further developments of LSBs.
Anion‐Modulated Chemical Doping of Organic Hole Conductor Boosts Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Peiyao , Yang Li , Du Guozheng , Wang Wanhai , Rolston Nicholas , Zhang Jinbao
Published: December 2022

Chemical doping of organic semiconductors enables significant progress in improving their optoelectronic performance. However, the correlation between doping counter ions and charge‐transport mechanism has not been yet well‐understood. In this study, it is discovered that the anion‐dependent degree of delocalization (DOD) of lithium‐based dopants significantly determines the doping kinetics as well as the conductivity of organic hole transport layer (HTL), leading to large variation in solar cell efficiency and device stability. Specifically, the incorporation of bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (PFSI−) as the anion with a high DOD results in one order of magnitude higher film conductivity and thus an elevated power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 22.1%, much higher than the state‐of‐the‐art lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) (21.1%) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) (20.0%). Moreover, the dopant LiPF6 with a smaller DOD produces higher doping yield of HTL accompanied by stronger light‐induced PCE fluctuation. Structural analysis reveals anion‐modulated ion exchange kinetics determine the hole‐transport mechanism and device photostability. To mitigate these detrimental effects, a versatile strategy of Li+ solvation is developed to modulate the anion dissociation, enabling simultaneous improvement of device efficiency and stability. This study elucidates an intriguing and generally applicable doping mechanism, and envisages a bright future to further developing efficient and stable organic electronics.
Non‐Monotonic Capacitance Change of Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene Film Structures under Increasing Compressive Stress
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ning Ran , Cao Jinxin , Song Qingrui , Ye Jiaxin , Wei Bingqing
Published: December 2022

The progress in advanced electronic devices has imposed a great demand for developing flexible electrochemical power devices, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical–electrochemical coupling behavior of various energy storage materials. Unlike a monotonic capacitance increase of carbon‐based double‐layer supercapacitors, MXene‐based flexible supercapacitors demonstrate a non‐monotonic, i.e., “increase‐then‐decrease” capacitance behavior under the pressure range of 8488 kPa. This non‐monotonic capacitance response to pressure is intrinsic to the MXene film as its charge storage is primarily determined by the surface activity, which can be readily affected by pressure‐induced dissociation of functionalities, as well as the charge transporting kinetics as limited by the inherent layered structure. The findings described in this study not only expand the knowledge of mechanical–electrochemical coupling to layered MXenes under pressure, but also give a vital design guideline for flexible/stretchable MXene‐based energy storage devices or other electronics.
Engineering of the Crystalline Lattice of Hard Carbon Anodes Toward Practical Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhong Lei , Zhang Wenli , Sun Shirong , Zhao Lei , Jian Wenbin , He Xing , Xing Zhenyu , Shi Zixiong , Chen Yanan , Alshareef Husam N. , Qiu Xueqing
Published: December 2022

Hard carbons have attracted increased interest as an alternative of graphite for the anodes of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, the practical applications of hard carbon anodes are hampered by their low capacities, high potential platforms, and large potential hysteresis. Hard carbons coupled with graphitic nanodomains can achieve stable potassium‐ion storage behaviors with low potential platforms and low potential hysteresis. Herein, the crystalline lattice in hard carbon anodes is tuned by incorporating graphene oxide in renewable lignin precursors. The modified hard carbon (i.e., QLGC) anodes show graphitized nanodomains in the carbon matrix with an expanded interlayer spacing (0.42 nm) in the amorphous regions, which results in a stable potassium‐ion (de)intercalation behavior. Thus, the QLGC anodes exhibit a high capacity of 164 mAh g−1 with low potential hysteresis in the low potential platform region. Moreover, the QLGC anode delivered a highly stabilized capacity of 283 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, a high‐rate capability, and stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the charge storage mechanisms of QLGC anode are elucidated by electro‐kinetic analysis and ex/in situ physicochemical characterizations. This study opens a new avenue for designing hard carbon anodes with engineered crystalline lattices toward practical PIBs.
Structural Damage and Recrystallization Response of Garnet Crystals to Intense Electronic Excitation
Authors: Han Xinqing , Zarkadoula Eva , Crespillo Miguel L. , Huang Qing , Pan Shangfa , Liu Cong , Zhang Meng , Wang Xuelin , Liu Peng
Published: December 2022

The susceptibility to irradiation‐induced damage, the fundamental mechanism of the relaxation kinetics, and the corresponding recrystallization effect related to the cation radius ratio are comprehensively investigated for Y3Al5O12 and Gd3Ga5O12 garnet crystals under 645 MeV Xe35+ irradiation with different fluences of 5 × 1011–3 × 1012 ions cm−2. Regarding different lattice distortion and swelling levels, the observed microstructure transformations to disordered and amorphous phases, and corresponding hillock dimensions, consistently confirm that Gd3Ga5O12 has a higher susceptibility to radiation damage than Y3Al5O12. Combined with iTS model calculations, although Y3Al5O12 has higher atomic temperature and energy deposition than Gd3Ga5O12 under the same ion velocity and electronic energy loss, the relatively high thermal conductivity and specific heat coefficient of Y3Al5O12 crystals enhance the conduction and dissipation of deposition energy, and Gd3Ga5O12, with a higher cation‐radius‐ratio (rA/rB), is more easily damaged to amorphous phase due to the less favorable kinetics of ordering and recovery of a melted track region to the crystalline phase. Additionally, the significant bandgap modification in spectral ranges of 5.88–6.75 eV for Y3Al5O12 and 4.83–5.41 eV for Gd3Ga5O12, and the enhancement of defect‐assisted‐related luminescence are achieved, providing a basis to design novel optoelectronic devices in microelectronics fields.
Formation Mechanism and Bandgap Reduction of GaN–ZnO Solid‐Solution Thin Films Fabricated by Nanolamination of Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Liao Ming‐Wei , Jeng Horng‐Tay , Perng Tsong‐Pyng
Published: December 2022

Nanolamination of GaN and ZnO layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is employed to fabricate GaN–ZnO homogenous solid‐solution thin films because it offers more precise control of the stoichiometry. By varying the ALD cycle ratios of GaN:ZnO from 5:10 to 10:5, the (GaN)1−x(ZnO)x films with 0.39 ≦ x ≦ 0.79 are obtained. The formation of solid solution is explained based on the atomic stacking and preferred orientation of the layers of GaN and ZnO. However, the growth rates of GaN and ZnO during the lamination process are different from those of pure GaN and ZnO films. It is found that GaN grows faster on ZnO, whereas ZnO grows slower on GaN. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed using a superlattice model for GaN and ZnO laminated layers fabricated by ALD to understand the difference of density of states (DOS) and evaluate the bandgaps for various atomic configurations in the solid‐solution films. The band positions are experimentally defined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Significant bandgap reduction of the solid solutions is observed, which can be explained by the DOS from the DFT calculations. Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is conducted to confirm the applicability of the solid‐solution films.
Graph Analysis with Multifunctional Self‐Rectifying Memristive Crossbar Array
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Kim Jihun , Kim Woohyun , Woo Kyung Seok , Kim Jaehyun , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: December 2022

Many big data have interconnected and dynamic graph structures growing over time. Analyzing these graphical data requires the hidden relationship between the nodes in the graphs to be identified, which has conventionally been achieved by finding the effective similarity. However, graphs are generally non‐Euclidean, which does not allow finding it. In this study, the non‐Euclidean graphs are mapped to a specific crossbar array (CBA) composed of self‐rectifying memristors and metal cells at the diagonal positions. The sneak current, an intrinsic physical property in the CBA, allows for the identification of the similarity function. The sneak‐current‐based similarity function indicates the distance between the nodes, which can be used to predict the probability that unconnected nodes will be connected in the future, connectivity between communities, and neural connections in a brain. When all bit lines of the CBA are connected to the ground, the sneak current is suppressed, and the CBA can be used to search for adjacent nodes. This work demonstrates the physical calculation methods applied to various graphical problems using the CBA composed of the self‐rectifying memristor based on the HfO2 switching layer. Moreover, such applications suffer less from the memristors’ inherent issues related to their stochastic nature.
Alginate‐Laminin Hydrogel Supports Long‐Term Neuronal Activity in 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Neuronal Networks
Authors: Hartmann Julia , Lauria Ines , Bendt Farina , Rütten Stephan , Koch Katharina , Blaeser Andreas , Fritsche Ellen
Published: December 2022

For 3D neural cultures durable hydrogels are required, which persist over a long differentiation period and thus enable the maturation of neuronal networks (NN). Here, 3D models based on human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural progenitor cells that are embedded in hydrogels of either pure alginate or alginate functionalized with the extracellular matrix protein laminin 111 (L111) are established. This study analyzes material characteristics such as porosity, L111 distribution and shear viscosity, cell compatibility of hydrogels by measuring viability and cytotoxicity, and neural function by monitoring cell migration, differentiation as well as NN formation and activity on multielectrode arrays. The addition of L111 increases neural migration and enhances differentiation into neurons and astrocytes as well as synaptogenesis in alginate hydrogels. NN formed in hydrogels are electrically active for up to 206 d and L111‐supplementation further increases electrical activity, network maturation, and synchronicity compared to 2D controls and NN grown in pure alginate hydrogels. L111 addition to alginate gels further accelerates recovery of electrical activity after blockage of sodium channels with tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, NN grown in alginate‐L111 hydrogel blends are promising models for future long‐term applications in disease modeling, drug or chemical evaluation.
Fabrication of High‐Performance Devices on Water‐Soluble Lead Halide Perovskites Using Water‐Based Photolithography
Authors: M. A. Gokul , Rahman Atikur
Published: December 2022

The alluring optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites have continued to attract enormous interest from the scientific community. They are among the brightest candidates for future optoelectronic devices. However, making active devices out of single nano/microcrystals of lead halide perovskites has been a major hurdle and this has dulled its position as a future optoelectric material considerably. The notoriety of not withstanding the steps in photolithography is at the core of this problem. Here, a noninvasive sacrificial layer‐assisted photolithography technique is reported to successfully make active nano/microdevices on single nano/microcrystals of water‐soluble lead halide perovskite. The sacrificial layer can easily be removed without altering the photoresist patterns which makes it possible to fabricate complex high‐performance devices on water‐soluble samples. It is believed that this technique can easily integrate with existing technologies and can elevate the research and application in the field of lead halide perovskites and other water‐soluble materials to new heights.