bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Cryptographic Solutions for Unbalanced Private Set Intersection in Mobile Communication
Authors: Feng Qian , Du Shenglong , Tan Wuzheng , Weng Jian
Published: September 2024

Private Set Intersection (PSI) is a cryptographic method in secure multi-party computation that allows entities to identify common elements in their datasets without revealing their private data. Traditional approaches assume similar-sized datasets and equal computational power, overlooking practical imbalances. In real-world applications, dataset sizes and computational capacities often vary, particularly in the Internet of Things and mobile scenarios where device limitations restrict computational types. Traditional PSI protocols are inefficient here, as computational and communication complexities correlate with the size of larger datasets. Thus, adapting PSI protocols to these imbalances is crucial. This paper explores unbalanced PSI scenarios where one party (the receiver) has a relatively small dataset and limited computational power, while the other party (the sender) has a large amount of data and strong computational capabilities. It introduces three innovative solutions for unbalanced PSI: an unbalanced PSI protocol based on the Cuckoo filter, an unbalanced PSI protocol based on single-cloud assistance, and an unbalanced PSI protocol based on dual-cloud assistance, with each subsequent solution addressing the shortcomings of the previous one. Depending on performance and security needs, different protocols can be employed for applications such as private contact discovery.
Composite Modified Graphite Felt Anode for Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Wu Sheng , Zhu Haotian , Bai Enrui , Xu Chongyang , Xie Xiaoyin , Sun Chuanyu
Published: September 2024

The iron–chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) has a wide range of applications in the field of new energy storage due to its low cost and environmental protection. Graphite felt (GF) is often used as the electrode. However, the hydrophilicity and electrochemical activity of GF are poor, and its reaction reversibility to Cr3+/Cr2+ is worse than Fe2+/Fe3+, which leads to the hydrogen evolution side reaction of the negative electrode and affects the efficiency of the battery. In this study, the optimal composite modified GF (Bi-Bio-GF-O) electrode was prepared by using the optimal pomelo peel powder modified GF (Bio-GF-O) as the matrix and further introducing Bi3+. The electrochemical performance and material characterization of the modified electrode were analyzed. In addition, using Bio-GF-O as the positive electrode and Bi-Bio-GF-O as the negative electrode, the high efficiency of ICRFB is realized, and the capacity attenuation is minimal. When the current density is 100 mA·cm−2, after 100 cycles, the coulomb efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) were 97.83%, 85.21%, and 83.36%, respectively. In this paper, the use of pomelo peel powder and Bi3+ composite modified GF not only promotes the electrochemical performance and reaction reversibility of the negative electrode but also improves the performance of ICRFB. Moreover, the cost of the method is controllable, and the process is simple.
Comparison of ECMO, IABP and ECMO + IABP in the Postoperative Period in Patients with Postcardiotomy Shock
Authors: Baran Cagdas , Ozcinar Evren , Kayan Ahmet , Dikmen Nur , Baran Canan Soykan , Inan Mustafa Bahadir
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aims to assess the outcomes and complications of patients who received veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support after cardiac surgery at Ankara University Heart Center between 2000 and 2023. Methods: We have carried out a retrospective analysis that included 255 patients. Among them, 98 received IABP, 103 received VA-ECMO, and 54 received both VA-ECMO and IABP. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were carried out, including evaluations of left ventricular function and serum creatinine levels. Primary outcomes included 30-day survival and successful VA-ECMO weaning. Complications such as bleeding, sepsis, liver failure, wound infection, and peripheral ischemia were also assessed. Results: The weaning rate from VA-ECMO was significantly higher in the combined VA-ECMO and IABP group (81.4%) compared with the other groups (p = 0.004). One-year survival was also higher in the combined group (75.9%) (p = 0.002). Complications or renal function did not differ significantly among the groups. The primary indication for mechanical support was coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions: In conclusion, the combined use of VA-ECMO and IABP therapy led to improved weaning and survival rates without increasing the risk of complications. These findings suggest that a combined approach may be beneficial for selected patients with severe cardiac dysfunction post surgery.
Effect of Body Weight on Glycaemic Indices in People with Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Christou Maria A. , Christou Panagiota A. , Katsarou Daphne N. , Georga Eleni I. , Kyriakopoulos Christos , Markozannes Georgios , Christou Georgios A. , Fotiadis Dimitrios I. , Tigas Stelios
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity and overweight have become increasingly prevalent in different populations of people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D). This study aimed to assess the effect of body weight on glycaemic indices in PwT1D. Methods: Adult PwT1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and followed up at a regional academic diabetes centre were included. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and standard CGM glycaemic indices were recorded. Glycaemic indices were compared according to BMI, and correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to estimate the association between measures of adiposity and glycaemic indices. Results: A total of 73 PwT1D were included (48% normal weight, 33% overweight, and 19% obese). HbA1c was 7.2% (5.6–10), glucose management indicator (GMI) 6.9% (5.7–8.9), coefficient of variation (CV) for glucose 39.5% ± 6.4, mean glucose 148 (101–235) mg/dL, TIR (time in range, glucose 70–180 mg/dL) 66% (25–94), TBR70 (time below range, 54–69 mg/dL) 4% (0–16), TBR54 (<54 mg/dL) 1% (0–11), TAR180 (time above range, 181–250 mg/dL) 20% ± 7, and TAR250 (>250 mg/dL) 6% (0–40). Glycaemic indices and achievement (%) of optimal glycaemic targets were similar between normal weight, overweight, and obese patients. BMI was associated negatively with GMI, mean glucose, TAR180, and TAR250 and positively with TIR; waist circumference was negatively associated with TAR250. Conclusions: CGM-derived glycaemic indices were similar in overweight/obese and normal weight PwT1D. Body weight and BMI were positively associated with better glycaemic control. PwT1D should receive appropriate ongoing support to achieve optimal glycaemic targets whilst maintaining a healthy body weight.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Exploration of Diagnosis Experience in Saudi Women
Authors: Alqntash Norah , AlZabin Alya , Almajed Ebtesam , Alotaibi Kayan , Alhindi Ghada , Ali Sayed Ibrahim , Bakhsh Hanadi
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic experiences of women with PCOS in Saudi Arabia, evaluating the timeline to diagnosis, the adequacy of information provided, and overall patient satisfaction with the healthcare process. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1182 women diagnosed with PCOS across Saudi Arabia. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, the timeline from symptom onset to diagnosis, the number of healthcare visits required for diagnosis, and satisfaction with the information and support provided during the diagnostic process. Statistical analyses, including linear regression, were performed to identify factors influencing patient satisfaction. Results: The study found that 43.2% of participants sought medical attention within a year of symptom onset, yet significant delays in diagnosis were common, with 28.6% of women waiting six months or more after seeking medical care. Only 42.7% of women reported receiving adequate information at diagnosis, and satisfaction levels varied across different aspects of care. Key predictors of lower satisfaction included marital status and longer time since diagnosis, while quicker diagnosis and more healthcare visits before diagnosis positively influenced satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings highlight critical gaps in the diagnostic process and patient education for PCOS in Saudi Arabia. The widespread dissatisfaction with the information provided underscores the need for improved patient-centered care, comprehensive education, and standardized diagnostic protocols. Addressing these issues could enhance patient satisfaction and lead to better management of PCOS, both in Saudi Arabia and globally.
A Review of the Literature: Amniotic Fluid “Sludge”—Clinical Significance and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Luca Sonia-Teodora , Săsăran Vlăduț , Muntean Mihai , Mărginean Claudiu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This paper seeks to report and emphasize the most important aspects from the scientific literature about the diagnostic accuracy of the amniotic fluid “sludge” (AFS), its characterization, its treatment, and its association with premature birth. AFS is defined as a floating freely hyperechogenic material within the amniotic cavity in the proximity of the internal os. Materials and Methods: We conducted a search on Pubmed and Google Scholar for relevant articles on the subject of amniotic fluid “sludge” published until January 2024. Searches were focused on articles about diagnosis, treatment, maternal and neonatal outcomes, risk of preterm birth, and case reports. The full-text reading stage resulted in the inclusion of 51 studies. Results: AFS is independently associated with chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, short cervix, increased risk of neonatal morbidity, and cervical insufficiency. This hyperechogenic free-floating material is linked with preterm birth before 32 weeks of gestation, especially when it is associated with short cervical length. Discussion: Present studies identify some controversial benefits of antibiotics in reducing the incidence of preterm birth in women with AFS. Nevertheless, in this review, we can conclude that the presence of AFS in pregnancy is a marker for the microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, as it is associated with preterm birth. Further studies on a larger group of patients are necessary to clarify and exactly define the terms of managing these cases.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Risk of Newly Developed Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Nested Case–Control Study in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Jeon Jinhyung , Ha Jee Soo , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Hwang Ho Sik , Kim Daeho , Kim June Seok , Kim Byeong Seon , Kim Min , Cho Kang Su
Published: September 2024

Background: We aimed to evaluate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and newly developed dry eye syndrome (DES) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted. From the nationwide claims database of the Republic of Korea, 125,005 patients were included in the final analysis. Cases were defined as those newly diagnosed with DES during follow-up, and 12,654 patients were identified. The cases were matched with controls in a ratio of 1:4. Odds ratios (ORs) for newly developed DES associated with ADT were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: After matching, 7499 cases and 29,996 controls were selected. ADT was associated with a reduced risk of newly developed DES in patients with prostate cancer compared to no ADT (OR = 0.875; 95% confidence interval, 0.825–0.927; p < 0.0001). An accumulated dose of ADT < 1 year was associated with a reduced risk of incidental DES (OR = 0.811; 95% CI, 0.751–0.875; p < 0.0001), and a duration of 1–2 years was also associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.890; 95% CI, 0.802–0.986; p = 0.026). No association was observed with an ADT duration of ≥2 years. Conclusions: The use of ADT, especially for shorter durations (<2 years), was associated with a reduced risk of newly developed DES in S. Korean patients with prostate cancer.
Spinal Anesthesia for Awake Spine Surgery: A Paradigm Shift for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery
Authors: Wilson John Preston , Bonin Bryce , Quinones Christian , Kumbhare Deepak , Guthikonda Bharat , Hoang Stanley
Published: September 2024

Awake surgery has been applied for various surgical procedures with positive outcomes; however, in neurosurgery, the technique has traditionally been reserved for cranial surgery. Awake surgery for the spine (ASFS) is an alternative to general anesthesia (GA). As early studies report promising results, ASFS is progressively gaining more interest from spine surgeons. The history defining the range of adverse events facing patients undergoing GA has been well described. Adverse reactions resulting from GA can include postoperative nausea and vomiting, hemodynamic instability and cardiac complications, acute kidney injury or renal insufficiency, atelectasis, pulmonary emboli, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, or malignant hyperthermia and other direct drug reactions. For this reason, many high-risk populations who have typically been poor candidates under classifications for GA could benefit from the many advantages of ASFS. This narrative review will discuss the significant historical components related to ASFS, pertinent mechanisms of action, protocol overview, and the current trajectory of spine surgery with ASFS.
Prosigna Assay for Treatment Decisions in Early Breast Cancer: A Decision Impact Study
Authors: Esin Ece , Yildirim Hasan Cagri , Oksuzoglu Berna , Markoc Fatma , Guntekin Sezen , Bilgetekin Irem , Yildiz Fatih , Yukruk Fisun , Demirci Umut , Cetin-Atalay Rengul
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Therapeutic decisions in early breast cancer are based on clinico-pathological features which are subject to intra- and inter-observer variability. This single-center decision impact study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Prosigna assay on physicians’ adjuvant treatment choices. Methods: Between 09/2017 and 02/2018, formalin-fixed tumor samples from 52 newly diagnosed, postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (T1–T2; pN0-N1a) patients were analyzed. Pre-test clinical judgements and Prosigna test results were compared. Results: The mean age was 59 (42–77). Invasive ductal carcinoma (79.2%), grade 2 (52.8%) and T1c-N0 tumors (43.4%) were represented. There was 40.4% discordance between the pre- and post-test risk of recurrences. No significant change was observed in the clinical intermediate risk category, while there was a net reclassification of low-risk patients into a high Prosigna recurrence risk group. In addition, clinically determined intrinsic subtypes were 34.6% discordant with the Prosigna results, which is largely driven by the reclassification of the luminal A tumors into the Prosigna-assessed luminal B group. Before the Prosigna test, endocrine treatment was the primary choice in 20 patients (39.2%), and chemotherapy was recommended to 31 patients (60.8%). Overall, the Prosigna assay led to a change in treatment choice for one patient. Conclusions: Although conventional risk assessment methods are relatively inexpensive with shorter turnaround times, their accuracy and value for risk reduction are suboptimal. According to our results, the Prosigna assay was found to be a relevant tool for the clinical decision making process. Long-term follow-up of these patients will elucidate the potential benefits of using multigene molecular tests as biomarkers for treatment.
Risk Factors for Failure of Second-Trimester Termination with Misoprostol as a Single Agent
Authors: Wisanumahimachai Veera , Pongsatha Saipin , Chatchawarat Latchee , Tongsong Theera
Published: September 2024

Background: Understanding the potential risk factors for failure of pregnancy termination is crucial for informed clinical decision making. Such insights can assist clinicians in adjusting the dosage or route of various regimens, as well as in counseling patients and predicting the likelihood of successful outcomes. However, research on these risk factors has been limited, and existing studies have yielded inconsistent results. To address this gap, we conducted a study with a large sample size, focusing on identifying the potential risk factors for failure of second-trimester termination using misoprostol as a single agent, specifically between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. Methods: A secondary analysis based on a database of second-trimester terminations was conducted. The inclusion criteria were a singleton pregnancy, gestational age between 14 and 28 weeks, an unfavorable cervix, no spontaneous labor pain, intact membranes, and termination with misoprostol alone. Potential risk factors for failure of termination, defined as no abortion within 48 h, were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 1094 cases were included in the analysis, consisting of 991 successful cases and 103 (9.4%) cases of failure. The significant risk factors for failure of termination included early gestational age, live fetuses, sublingual regimen of 400 mcg every 6 h, and high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Previous cesarean sections and lower Bishop scores tended to increase the risk but did not reach a significant level. Conclusions: Second-trimester termination with misoprostol as a single agent was highly effective, with a failure rate of 9.4%. The risk factors for failure included gestational age, fetal viability, misoprostol regimen, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, suggesting that these factors should be taken into consideration for second-trimester terminations with misoprostol.
C4d Is an Independent Predictor of the Kidney Failure in Primary IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Zagorec Nikola , Horvatić Ivica , Kasumović Dino , Osmani Besa , Sović Slavica , Nikić Jagoda , Horaček Matija , Šenjug Petar , Galešić Krešimir , Galešić Ljubanović Danica
Published: September 2024

Background: C4d deposits are present in a substantial proportion of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), indicating the activation of the lectin pathway (LP) of the complement system. It seems that patients with activated LP have worse renal prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and prognostic significance of C4d in our cohort of patients with primary IgA nephropathy (pIgAN). Methods: Patients with pIgAN were recruited from a hospital register of kidney biopsies of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb. Additional immunohistochemistry staining for C4d was performed on paraffin-embedded kidney tissue, and patients were stratified into being C4d positive or C4d negative. The clinical and histologic features of patients were analyzed and compared regarding C4d positivity. The primary outcome was defined as kidney failure (KF), and predictor variables of KF and renal survival were analyzed. Results: Of a total of 95 patients with pIgAN included in the study, C4d was present in 43 (45.3%). C4d-positive patients had a higher value of systolic (p = 0.039) and diastolic (p = 0.006) blood pressure at diagnosis as well as higher 24 h proteinuria (p = 0.018), serum urate (p = 0.033), and lower eGFR (p < 0.001). C4d-positive patients had worse renal survival (p < 0.001), higher rates of disease progression to KF (p < 0.001), and higher proteinuria (p < 0.001) and lower eGFR (p < 0.001) at the last follow-up. Glomerular C4d was an independent predictor of disease progression to KF (HR = 5.87 [0.95 CI 1.06–32.44], p = 0.032). Conclusions: C4d is an independent predictor of disease progression in patients with pIgAN. C4d may be used as an additional marker of progressive disease course in IgAN. The therapeutic implications of C4d status in IgAN, particularly in terms of complement inhibitors application, are not yet known.
Estimation of Lactate Thresholds, Aerobic Capacity and Recovery Rate from Muscle Oxygen Saturation in Highly Trained Speed Skaters and Healthy Untrained Individuals
Authors: Rębiś Kinga , Klusiewicz Andrzej , Długołęcka Barbara , Różański Paweł , Kowieski Karol , Kowalski Tomasz
Published: September 2024

Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare lactate thresholds and aerobic capacity from a graded-intensity exercise test (GXT) for near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in healthy, untrained individuals and highly trained athletes. Methods: This study included 29 untrained students (13 females) and 27 highly trained speed skaters (13 females). A maximal effort GXT was performed on a cycloergometer. The lactate-based aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and the corresponding thresholds for muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), were determined. Results: The power values determined for all thresholds were significantly higher in female and male speed skaters compared to male and female college students. SmO2 at anaerobic thresholds was significantly lower in female speed skaters than in female students. Both female and male skaters showed greater changes in SmO2 after the GXT compared to students. The recovery did not significantly differ between groups within gender. There was a significant positive correlation in females between the rate of muscle reoxygenation and VO2max power (r = 0.610). In speed skaters, the rate of muscle reoxygenation was not significantly higher than students and correlated positively with VO2max (r = 0.449). Conclusions: The SmO2 at the exercise thresholds, during and after maximal exercise, depends on the training status of the individual. The participants with a higher physical fitness level showed greater decreases in ΔSmO2 at the AT level, as well as after maximal exercise. SmO2 corresponding to the well-established exercise thresholds may be applied to guide training prescription. The rate of muscle reoxygenation after a GXT was also dependent on the aerobic capacity of the participants.
Evolution and Spatiotemporal Expression of ankha and ankhb in Zebrafish
Authors: Wathuliyadde Nuwanthika , Willmore Katherine E. , Kelly Gregory M.
Published: September 2024

Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia (CMD) is a rare skeletal disorder that can result from mutations in the ANKH gene. This gene encodes progressive anksylosis (ANK), which is responsible for transporting inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and ATP from the intracellular to the extracellular environment, where PPi inhibits bone mineralization. When ANK is dysfunctional, as in patients with CMD, the passage of PPi to the extracellular environment is reduced, leading to excess mineralization, particularly in bones of the skull. Zebrafish may serve as a promising model to study the mechanistic basis of CMD. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the zebrafish Ankh paralogs, Ankha and Ankhb, in terms of their phylogenic relationship with ANK in other vertebrates as well as their spatiotemporal expression patterns during zebrafish development. We found that a closer evolutionary relationship exists between the zebrafish Ankhb protein and its human and other vertebrate counterparts, and stronger promoter activity was predicted for ankhb compared to ankha. Furthermore, we noted distinct temporal expression patterns, with ankha more prominently expressed in early development stages, and both paralogs also being expressed at larval growth stages. Whole-mount in situ hybridization was used to compare the spatial expression patterns of each paralog during bone development, and both showed strong expression in the craniofacial region as well as the notochord and somites. Given the substantial overlap in spatiotemporal expression but only subtle patterning differences, the exact roles of these genes remain speculative. In silico analyses predicted that Ankha and Ankhb have the same function in transporting PPi across the membrane. Nevertheless, this study lays the groundwork for functional analyses of each ankh paralog and highlights the potential of using zebrafish to find possible targeted therapies for CMD.
Reducing Training Data Using Pre-Trained Foundation Models: A Case Study on Traffic Sign Segmentation Using the Segment Anything Model
Authors: Henninger Sofia , Kellner Maximilian , Rombach Benedikt , Reiterer Alexander
Published: September 2024

The utilization of robust, pre-trained foundation models enables simple adaptation to specific ongoing tasks. In particular, the recently developed Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated impressive results in the context of semantic segmentation. Recognizing that data collection is generally time-consuming and costly, this research aims to determine whether the use of these foundation models can reduce the need for training data. To assess the models’ behavior under conditions of reduced training data, five test datasets for semantic segmentation will be utilized. This study will concentrate on traffic sign segmentation to analyze the results in comparison to Mask R-CNN: the field’s leading model. The findings indicate that SAM does not surpass the leading model for this specific task, regardless of the quantity of training data. Nevertheless, a knowledge-distilled student architecture derived from SAM exhibits no reduction in accuracy when trained on data that have been reduced by 95%.
Impact of Display Sub-Pixel Arrays on Perceived Gloss and Transparency
Authors: Tanaka Midori , Aketagawa Kosei , Horiuchi Takahiko
Published: September 2024

In recent years, improvements in display image quality have made it easier to perceive rich object information, such as gloss and transparency, from images, known as shitsukan. Do the different display specifications in the world affect their appearance? Clarifying the effects of differences in pixel structure on shitsukan perception is necessary to realize shitsukan management for displays with different hardware structures, which has not been fully clarified before. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of display pixel arrays on the perception of glossiness and transparency. In a visual evaluation experiment, we investigated the effects of three types of sub-pixel arrays (RGB, RGBW, and PenTile) on the perception of glossiness and transparency using natural images. The results confirmed that sub-pixel arrays affect the appearance of glossiness and transparency. A general relationship of RGB > PenTile > RGBW for glossiness and RGB > RGBW > PenTile for transparency was found; however, detailed analysis, such as cluster analysis, confirmed that the relative superiority of these sub-pixel arrays may vary depending on the observer and image content.
Spectral Reflectance Estimation from Camera Response Using Local Optimal Dataset and Neural Networks
Authors: Tominaga Shoji , Sakai Hideaki
Published: September 2024

In this study, a novel method is proposed to estimate surface-spectral reflectance from camera responses that combine model-based and training-based approaches. An imaging system is modeled using the spectral sensitivity functions of an RGB camera, spectral power distributions of multiple light sources, unknown surface-spectral reflectance, additive noise, and a gain parameter. The estimation procedure comprises two main stages: (1) selecting the local optimal reflectance dataset from a reflectance database and (2) determining the best estimate by applying a neural network to the local optimal dataset only. In stage (1), the camera responses are predicted for the respective reflectances in the database, and the optimal candidates are selected in the order of lowest prediction error. In stage (2), most reflectance training data are obtained by a convex linear combination of local optimal data using weighting coefficients based on random numbers. A feed-forward neural network with one hidden layer is used to map the observation space onto the spectral reflectance space. In addition, the reflectance estimation is repeated by generating multiple sets of random numbers, and the median of a set of estimated reflectances is determined as the final estimate of the reflectance. Experimental results show that the estimation accuracies exceed those of other methods.
GIS-Based Optimal Siting of Offshore Wind Farms to Support Zero-Emission Ferry Routes
Authors: Karountzos Orfeas , Giannaki Stamatina , Kepaptsoglou Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

To achieve net zero emissions from ships by 2050 and align with the IMO 2023 GHG strategy, the maritime industry must significantly increase zero-emission vessels by 2030. Transitioning to fully electric ferry lines requires enhanced energy supply through renewable energy sources (RES) for complete GHG mitigation and net-zero emissions. This study presents a GIS-based framework for optimally selecting offshore wind farm locations to meet the energy demands of electric ferry operations along coastal routes. The framework involves two stages: designing feasible zero-emission ferry routes between islands or to the mainland and identifying optimal offshore wind farm sites by evaluating technical, spatial, economic, social, and environmental criteria based on national legislation and the academic literature. The aim is to create a flexible framework to support decision making for establishing sustainable electric ferry operations at a regional level, backed by strategically located offshore wind farms. The study applies this framework to the Greek Coastal Shipping Network, focusing on areas with potential for future electrification. The findings can aid policymakers in utilizing spatial decision support systems (SDSS) to enhance efficient transportation and develop sustainable island communities.
Numerical Simulation of the Unsteady Airwake of the Liaoning Carrier Based on the DDES Model Coupled with Overset Grid
Authors: Yang Xiaoxi , Li Baokuan , Ren Zhibo , Tian Fangchao
Published: September 2024

The wake behind an aircraft carrier under heavy wind condition is a key concern in ship design. The Chinese Liaoning ship’s upturned bow and the island on the deck could cause serious flow separation in the landing and take-off area. The flow separation induces strong velocity gradients and intense pulsations in the flow field. In addition, the sway of the aircraft carrier caused by waves could also intensify the flow separation. The complex flow field poses a significant risk to the shipboard aircraft take-off and landing operation. Therefore, accurately predicting the wake of an aircraft carrier during wave action motion is of great interest for design optimization and recovery aircraft control. In this research, the aerodynamic around an aircraft carrier (i.e., Liaoning) was analyzed using the computational fluid dynamics technique. The validity of two turbulence models was verified through comparison with the existing data from the literature. The upturned bow take-off deck and the right-hand island were the main areas where flow separation occurred. Delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES), which combines the advantages of LES and RANS, was adopted to capture the full-scale spatial and temporal flow information. The DDES was also coupled with the overset grid to calculate the flow field characteristics under the effect of hull sway. The downwash area at 15° starboard wind became shorter when the hull was stationary, while the upwash area and turbulence intensity increased. The respective characteristics of the wake flow field in the stationary and swaying state of the ship were investigated, and the flow separation showed a clear periodic when the ship was swaying. Comprehensive analysis of the time-dependent flow characteristic of the approach line for fixed-wing naval aircraft is also presented.
Three New Truffle Species (Tuber, Tuberaceae, Pezizales, and Ascomycota) from Yunnan, China, and Multigen Phylogenetic Arrangement within the Melanosporum Group
Authors: Wang Rui , Dong Gangqiang , Li Yupin , Wang Ruixue , Yang Shimei , Yuan Jing , Xie Xuedan , Shi Xiaofei , Yu Juanbing , Pérez-Moreno Jesús , Yu Fuqiang , Wan Shanping
Published: September 2024

Based on a multi-locus phylogeny of a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 and comprehensive morphological analyses, we describe three new species from the Melanosporum group of genus Tuber and synonymize T. pseudobrumale and T. melanoexcavatum. Phylogenetically, the three newly described species, T. yunnanense, T. melanoumbilicatum and T. microexcavatum, differ significantly in genetic distance from any previously known species. Morphologically, T. yunnanense is distinctly different from its closest phylogenetically related species, T. longispinosum, due to its long shuttle-shape spores (average the ratio of spore length to spore width for all spores (Qm) = 1.74). Tuber melanoumbilicatum differs from the other species in having a cavity and long shuttle-shaped spores (Qm = 1.65). Although T. microexcavatum sampled ascomata have relatively low maturity, they can be distinguished from its closely related species T. pseudobrumale by the ascomata size, surface warts, and spore number per asci; additionally, phylogenetic analysis supports it as a new species. In addition, molecular analysis from 22 newly collected specimens and Genebank data indicate that T. pseudobrumale and T. melanoexcavatum are clustered into a single well-supported clade (Bootstrap (BS) = 100, posterior probabilities (PP) = 1.0); and morphological characteristics do not differ. Therefore, based on the above evidence and publication dates, we conclude that T. melanoexcavatum is a synonym of T. pseudobrumale. By taking into account current knowledge and combining the molecular, multigene phylogenetic clade arrangement and morphological data, we propose that the Melanosporum group should be divided into four subgroups. Diagnostic morphological features and an identification key of all known species in the Melanosporum group are also included. Finally, we also provide some additions to the knowledge of the characterization of T. pseudobrumale, T. variabilisporum, and T. pseudohimalayense included in subgroup 1 of the Melanosporum group.
The Kelch Repeat Protein VdKeR1 Is Essential for Development, Ergosterol Metabolism, and Virulence in Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Xia Wen-Li , Zheng Zhe , Chen Feng-Mao
Published: September 2024

Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that can cause severe vascular wilt in many plant species. Kelch repeat proteins are essential for fungal growth, resistance, and virulence. However, the function of the Kelch repeat protein family in V. dahliae is unclear. In this study, a Kelch repeat domain-containing protein DK185_4252 (VdLs.17 VDAG_08647) included in the conserved VdPKS9 gene cluster was identified and named VdKeR1. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a high degree of evolutionary conservation of VdKeR1 and its homologs among fungi. The experimental results showed that the absence of VdKeR1 impaired vegetative growth, microsclerotia development, and pathogenicity of V. dahliae. Osmotic and cell wall stress analyses suggested that VdKeR1-deleted mutants were more tolerant to NaCl, sorbitol, CR, and CFW, while more sensitive to H2O2 and SDS. In addition, analyses of the relative expression level of sqe and the content of squalene and ergosterol showed that VdKeR1 mediates the synthesis of squalene and ergosterol by positively regulating the activity of squalene epoxidase. In conclusion, these results indicated that VdKeR1 was involved in the growth, stress resistance, pathogenicity, and ergosterol metabolism of V. dahliae. Investigating VdKeR1 provided theoretical and experimental foundations for subsequent control of Verticillium wilt.
Evaluating the Survival Benefits of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Frail and Morbid Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Savin Ziv , Levin Lin , Lazarovich Alon , Rosenzweig Barak , Shashar Reut , Hoffman Azik , Gal Jonathan , Haifler Miki , Pilosov Ilona , Freifeld Yuval , Shpitzer Sagi Arieh , Golan Shay , Mano Roy , Yossepowitch Ofer
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Current guidelines endorse the use of perioperative chemotherapy (POC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to enhance the long-term overall survival (OS) compared to radical cystectomy (RC) alone. This study aims to assess the impact of POC on the OS in frail and morbid (F-M) patients undergoing RC. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study of 291 patients who underwent RC between 2015 and 2019 was performed. Patients with both a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 4 and Modified Frailty Index ≥ 2 were classified as the F-M cohort. We compared the clinical and pathological characteristics and outcomes of the F-M patients who received POC to those who underwent RC alone. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the predictors of the OS. Results: The F-M cohort included 102 patients. POC was administered to 44% of these patients: neoadjuvant (NAC) to 31%, adjuvant (AC) to 19%, and both to 6 (6%). The OS was significantly lower in the F-M cohort compared to in the healthier patients (median OS 42 months, p = 0.02). The F-M patients who received POC were younger, less morbid and had better renal function. Although POC was marginally associated with improved OS in the univariable analysis (p = 0.06), this was not significant in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.50). NAC was associated with improved OS in the univariable analysis (p = 0.004) but not after adjustment for competing factors (p = 1.00). AC was not associated with the OS. Conclusions: POC does not improve the OS in F-M patients undergoing RC. Personalized treatment strategies and further prospective studies are needed to optimize care in this unique vulnerable population.
Impairing Globalization: The Russo-Ukrainian War, Western Economic Sanctions and Asset Seizures
Authors: Rosefielde Steven
Published: September 2024

The potency of economic sanctions imposed on nations depends on demand and supply adjustment possibilities. Adverse GDP impacts will be maximal when import, export, production, distribution and finance are inflexible (universal non-substitution). This paper elaborates on these conditions and quantifies the maximum GDP loss that Western sanctions could have inflicted on Russia in 2022–2023. It reports the World Bank’s predictions, contrasts them with the results and draws inferences about the efficiency of Russia’s workably competitive markets. This paper shows that Russia’s economic system exhibits moderate universal substitutability and is less vulnerable to punitive discipline than Western policymakers suppose. The likelihood that economic sanctions will compel the Kremlin to restore Ukraine’s territorial integrity ceteris paribus is correspondingly low, even though war reduces Russia’s quality of existence. Western economic sanctions serve narrow geostrategic ends that are reconcilable with Pareto-efficient free trade and globalization, if precision-targeted, but as the Russo-Ukrainian war intensifies, an expanded array of novel and dubiously legal sanctions is degrading free trade, and spurring de-globalization and anti-Western coalitions. If this armed combat is prolonged, the goals of free trade and globalization could be set back for decades.
Treating the Symptoms as Well as the Root Causes: How the Digital Economy Can Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Land Resource Mismatches on Urban Ecological Resilience
Authors: Gu Huangying , Guo Guanyu , Li Chengming
Published: September 2024

In the era of the digital economy (DE), the traditional economic growth paradigm is no longer applicable. To explore whether the DE can improve the urban ecological problems left behind by rough economic growth, this study examines the effects of land resource mismatch (LRM) on urban ecological resilience (UER) and evaluates the mitigating influence of the DE. This analysis utilizes data from 280 prefectural-level cities in China over the period from 2007 to 2021 and reveals that LRM significantly undermines UER, with this conclusion remaining robust across a series of tests. Additionally, the detrimental impact of LRM on UER is more pronounced in megacities, cities with high levels of economic development, and those with a lower degree of advanced industrial structure. In further analysis, this study finds that the digital economy can optimize the allocation of land resources, thereby enhancing urban ecological resilience, which has the effect of “treating the root causes”. In addition, digital government and digital infrastructure, as key elements of the digital economy, also mitigate the negative impacts of land resource misallocation on urban ecological resilience, having the effect of “treating the symptoms”. Finally, this study proposes policy suggestions such as optimizing ecological layout, deepening land reform, and promoting digital government and infrastructure construction to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for local governments to enhance UER and help build a new model of greener, more resilient, and sustainable urban development.
An Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model of Depressive Symptoms among Women with Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear Results before and after Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Ilic Irena , Babic Goran , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra , Sipetic Grujicic Sandra , Ilic Milena
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Cervical screening and additional diagnostic procedures often lead to depression. This research aimed to develop a prediction model for depression in women who received an abnormal Papanicolaou screening test, prior to and following the diagnostic procedures. (2) Methods: The study included women who had a positive Papanicolaou screening test (N = 172) and attended the Clinical Center of Kragujevac in Serbia for additional diagnostic procedures (colposcopy/biopsy/endocervical curettage). Women filled out a sociodemographic survey and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D scale) before and after diagnostic procedures. A prediction model was built with multilayer perceptron neural networks. (3) Results: A correlation-based filter method of feature selection indicated four variables that correlated with depression both prior to and following the diagnostic procedures—anxiety, depression, worry, and concern about health consequences. In addition, the use of sedatives and a history of both induced and spontaneous abortion correlated with pre-diagnostic depression. Important attributes for predicting post-diagnostic depression were scores for the domains ‘Tension/discomfort’ and ‘Embarrassment’ and depression in personal medical history. The accuracy of the pre-diagnostic procedures model was 70.6%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.668. The model for post-diagnostic depression prediction showed an accuracy of 70.6%, and an AUROC = 0.836. (4) Conclusions: This study helps provide means to predict the occurrence of depression in women with an abnormal Papanicolaou screening result prior to and following diagnostic procedures, which can aid healthcare professionals in successfully providing timely psychological support to those women who are referred to further diagnostics.
The Influence of Specific Pathogen-Free and Conventional Environments on the Hematological Parameters of Pigs Bred for Xenotransplantation
Authors: Lee Won Kil , Lee Hwi-Cheul , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Haesun , Kim Sang Eun , Lee Minguk , No Jin-Gu , Oh Keon Bong , Lee Poongyeon
Published: September 2024

Blood analysis plays a pivotal role in assessing the health of laboratory animals, including pigs. This study investigated the hematological profiles of transgenic pigs of the MGH breed for xenotransplantation, focusing on the effect of housing conditions on blood parameters. A cohort of pigs was longitudinally monitored from 6 to 18 months of age in both conventional and specific pathogen-free (SPF) environments. Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), and white blood cells (WBCs) were analyzed using standardized hematology analyzers. The results revealed that RBC and HGB levels were consistently higher in SPF-housed pigs. Notably, WBC counts were significantly lower in SPF-housed pigs, suggesting that reduced pathogen exposure under SPF conditions effectively diminished immune system activation. These findings raise a novel question as to whether distinct hematological parameters of specific and/or designated PF pigs would be advantages for the success of clinical xenotransplantation trials.
Clinical Trial Findings and Drug Development Challenges for Curcumin in Infectious Disease Prevention and Treatment
Authors: El Oirdi Mohamed , Farhan Mohd
Published: September 2024

Since ancient times, turmeric, scientifically known as Curcuma longa, has been renowned for its therapeutic properties. Recently, extensive documentation has highlighted the prevalence of microbial diseases without effective treatments, the increased expense of certain antimicrobial medications, and the growing occurrence of antimicrobial drug resistance. Experts predict that drug resistance will emerge as a significant global cause of death by the middle of this century, thereby necessitating intervention. Curcumin, a major curcuminoid molecule, has shown extensive antimicrobial action. Improving and altering the use of natural antimicrobial agents is the most effective approach to addressing issues of targeted specificity and drug resistance in chemically synthesized medicines. Further research is required to explore the efficacy of curcumin and other natural antimicrobial substances in combating microbial infections. The solubility and bioavailability of curcumin impede its antimicrobial capability. To enhance curcumin’s antimicrobial effectiveness, researchers have recently employed several methods, including the development of curcumin-based nanoformulations. This review seeks to compile the latest available literature to assess the advantages of curcumin as a natural antimicrobial agent (particularly antiviral and antibacterial) and strategies to enhance its medical efficacy. The future application of curcumin will help to alleviate microbial infections, thereby promoting the sustainability of the world’s population.
Factory Logistics Improvement: A Case Study Analysis of Companies in Northern Thailand, 2022–2024
Authors: Ramingwong Sakgasem , Sopadang Apichat , Tippayawong Korrakot Yaibuathet , Jintana Jutamat
Published: September 2024

Background: Thailand’s logistics costs significantly exceed global averages. This study examines the novel application of a triple-helix model in factory logistics improvement projects in Northern Thailand from 2022 to 2024, addressing industrial logistics inefficiencies. Methods: The project involved 30 factories across various sectors, employing a case study methodology to analyze improvement initiatives in transportation, warehouse/inventory management, and logistics administration. Results: Transportation management interventions yielded up to 25% cost savings and improved delivery performance. Warehouse and inventory management upgrades led to inventory cost reductions of up to 55%. Logistics administrative improvements resulted in up to 20% cost savings and enhanced planning capabilities. Conclusions: The project demonstrates the effectiveness of the triple-helix model in facilitating knowledge transfer and practical improvements in industrial logistics. These findings are valuable for Thai industries, policymakers, and logistics managers globally, offering a blueprint for similar initiatives in developing economies. The success of this approach provides practical insights for optimizing logistics operations, potentially benefiting supply chain stakeholders, economic planners, and researchers seeking to enhance logistics efficiency and reduce costs in various industrial contexts.