bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research for the Effect of Different Concentrations of Biological Activity of Water on the Germination of Maize and the Growth of Maize Seedling
Authors: Yang Rong , Li Jia Ping , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

Use different concentrations of biological activity water on corn seeds (Zhen Dan 958) by soaking to deal with, dilution multiple is primary liquid、10 times、50 times、100 times、200 times、400 times and 800 times respectively, as a comparison with distilled water, exploring the influence of biological activity water on corn seeds germination and seedling growth. The result shows: the highest germination rate、germination potential、germination index and germination energy of corn seeds are dealt with by dilute 800 times biological activity water, the aboveground part and root of maze seedlings’ dry weight is largest; dealing with by dilute 800 times biological activity water of maze seedlings’ chlorophyll are at its highest. The experiment tells that biological activity water has effect on corn seeds germination and seedling growth, its effect and dilute strength are related.
Effects of Disused Battery on Contents of Protein and Nucleic Acid during the Germination of Wheat Seeds
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xu Zhao Tang , He Kun
Published: June 2014

The aim was to study the effect of extract of disused battery on wheat germination. The germination characteristics such as germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index, and content changes of protein and nucleic acid in wheat grain were determined by germination bed method. The results showed that the extract concentration of disused battery affected wheat germination. With the increase of extract concentration of disused battery, the germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index and content of nucleic acid gradually dropped, only protein content added.
Evaluation of the Multistage Biological-Ecological Process for Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrient from the Rural Domestic Wastewater under Ambient Temperature
Authors: Khairalla Ahmed M. Osman , Lu Xi Wu , Ladu John Leju Celestino
Published: June 2014

The rural domestic wastewater system has been evaluated by using a pilot scale of a biological – ecological process which was built and monitored under operation for a long time. The system was operated for six months with an ambient temperature ranged of (5 – 22°C). The process used in this study was set up as a modified anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process followed by a constructed wetland. Stability and acclimatization of the anaerobic bacteria was achieved after 35 days by using glucose and trace nutrient. The system was then continuously operated with a real domestic wastewater. Hydraulic retention time and temperature are more important parameters of the biological-ecological process performance. Therefore, the system was operated with different HRT and temperature to evaluate the performance efficiency. The influent and effluent of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed. The anaerobic reactor showed that the optimal HRT was 4 days and the reactor demonstrated a removal efficiency rate of COD (55.5%). The average biogas production in the summer season was 6.8 l/d and in the winter was 1.24 l/d. The Biological– ecological process revealed good efficiency in the removal of the COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorous, where the maximum average removal was 85.5%, 79.8%, 74.9% respectively.
Enlightenment of Everglade Wetland Restoration in Florida, USA to Chinese Dongting Lake Restoration
Authors: Xin Tong
Published: June 2014

Under the guidance of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), this paper introduces successful experience of the Everglade wetland restoration in Florida including the ideas, the methods and the measures, in order to provide some enlightenment for the wetland ecosystems restoration and protection in Dongting Lake. Then this article analyzes the pollution characteristics and treatment status of Dongting Lake, and points out the main problems of restoration construction. Taken the development of Dongting Lake into consideration, some suggestion is provided: set definite aim and planning; strengthen multilateral cooperation and investment in science and technology; pay attention to public participation and the human-water harmony.
Degradation of p-Chloronitrobenzene in Aqueous Solution by Iron Silicate Catalytic Ozonation
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Lei , Gong Wei Jin
Published: June 2014

Iron silicate, a stable and efficient catalyst prepared in the laboratory has been successfully used as a catalyst combined with ozonation in the degradation of p-Chloronitrobenzene (pCNB). The catalytic ozonation removal effectiveness of pCNB was investigated under various physicochemical conditions. Both the adsorption and the single ozonation were not effective for the degradation of pCNB, but the presence of iron silicate in ozonation process could substantially enhance the pCNB removal efficiency. The hydroxyl radical scavenger experiment confirmed that iron silicate catalytic ozonation followed a radical-type mechanism. The increasing of both the iron silicate dosage and the ozone dosage could enhance the removal effectiveness of pCNB. The iron silicate catalyst could be recycled easily without decreasing any ozone catalytic activity after four successive reuses. It is concluded that the iron silicate was an efficient green catalyst for pCNB degradation in drinking water.
Research on Absorbing Heavy Metal Ions of Landfill Leachate by PAMPS
Authors: Zeng Yong Gang
Published: June 2014

This paper made the high absorbent resins poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (PAMPS) by solution polymerization method, researched its adsorption properties to heavy metals Cu2+ and Zn2+ from landfill leachate, and studied the adsorbent dosage, pH and the adsorption times effect on adsorption effect. The results indicated: when the adsorbent dosage was 25 g/L, pH was 6.5 and adsorption time was 45 minitues, the removal rates of Cu2+ by PAMPS reached 89.5%. When the adsorbent dosage was 35 g/L, pH was 6.5 and adsorption time was 55 minitues, the removal rates of Zn2+ by PAMPS reached 96.8%.
Study on SO2, NO Removal from Flue Gas Using an Aqueous NaClO2 Solution with Oxidation Reduction Potential and pH Control
Authors: Sun Ye
Published: June 2014

Removal of SO2 and NO from the flue gas using an aqueous sodium chlorite solution was achieved in a bubbling reactor, ORP and pH were used as monitoring parameter. The effect of pH, NaClO2 feeding rate and SO2 concentration on simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx efficiencies were systematical investigated. The results showed that SO2 removal efficiency was always 100% and NOx removal efficiency could achieve 65% at optimized conditions, the optimized pH value of 5-5.5 was observed. The correlation analysis among ORP, original pH, NaClO2 feeding rate and input SO2 concentration was established using multiple regression equations.
Study on Treatment of Heavy Metal Lons of Chemical Wastewater by Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Zeng Yong Gang , Li Long
Published: June 2014

This paper used the ion exchange resin method to treat the heavy metal ion Cu2+ of a chemical wastewater and studied the flow velocity, pH and the temperature’s effect on Cu2+ removal effect by macroporous strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin D001. The results shown that: when the flow velocity was 1.5 mL/min, pH was 6.0 and the temperature was 30°C, the removal rate of Cu2+ by D001 reached 99.8%. The chemical wastewater could achieve the wastewater’s discharge standard.
A Review on Remediation Technologies of PCBs from the Contaminated Soils or Sediments
Authors: Peng Wei , Fang Zhen Dong , Qiao Hua , Hao Quan Long , Zhang Kai , Yu Hai Bo
Published: June 2014

Polychlorinated biphenyls, which are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, are ubiquitous and persistent in environment. For PCBs are hydrophobic and lipophilic, soils or sediments are their final destinations in environment. Consequently, PCBs-contaminated soils or sediments are increasingly attracting more and more attention. In this paper, basic properties of PCBs and the situation of PCBs-contaminated soils or sediments were described. Remediation technologies of PCBs-contaminated soils or sediments inside and outside China were reviewed. This paper also presented the prospect of technology development.
Compared to Two Kinds of Methods for the Degradation of an Anthraquinone Dye Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R
Authors: Yu Hui , Jin Chun Ji , Sun Ruo Chen , Liu Ming , Yang Yuan Le
Published: June 2014

Taking anthraquinone dye reactive brilliant blue KN-R as a target pollutant, this paper studied KN-R degradation rates and electric generation performances in the system of Fe2+/PDS and Fe2+/PDS-MFC. The Fe2+/PDS system is that persulfate (PDS) is activated by ferrous iron (Fe2+) ,while Fe2+/PDS-MFC system is using Fe2+/PDS system as the cathode of microbial fuel cells (MFC) .The results showed that in the two systems, the KN-R degradation rate was increased and then decreased with the increase of initial Fe2+ dosage. With the increase of pH, the KN-R degradation rapid declines. In the two systems, both of the KN-R degradation reaction was divided into two stages. In addition, the process of reaction conforms to the first-order kinetic equation. Compared with Fe2+/PDS system, the Fe2+/PDS-MFC system’s ability to degrade pollutants have little change, the main advantage of Fe2+/PDS-MFC system is able to obtain higher and more stable power. Under an optimal condition, the maximum power density achieved 294.07 mW/m2, the KN-R degradation rate was 96.90%.
Exceptional High Contribution of Metabolic Effects to Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Experimental Cultured Freshwater Bivalve Shell
Authors: Yan Hui
Published: June 2014

The stable isotope compositions of bivalve shells have been widely used to reconstruct palaeoclimate, but the metabolic effect obscured the climatic and environmental significance of the carbon isotope composition. In order to assess the contribution of metabolic C to the shell and ascertain whether its variations have any environmental or physiological significance, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) was bred in the laboratory last for one year; two shell samples (shell A and B) were selected at the end of the experiment to determine the carbon isotope composition of the shell increment that deposited during the experiment. The results indicated that ڄ13CA ranged from 4.76 to 2.09 and ڄ13CB from 8.49 to 2.89 . ڄ13C of shell A and B are both more negative than the predicted equilibrium value, indicated that the shells had used the metabolic carbon during the shell forming process. According to computation, the proportion of shell A was 32.0% to 52.0% (mean value 38.7%); and shell B was 42.7% to 92.1% (mean value 70.3%). Such exceptional high proportion of metabolic carbon to cultured C. fluminea shells quite different from the field C. fluminea shells and other previous studies results, and may suggest that the improper bred food that indicate by the slowly growth rate of species caused the bivalve abnormal biological behaviors, which induce complicated and exceptional metabolic effect. Therefore, it can be used as indicator of deviant food change events during bivalve growth.
Discussion on Water Environmental Problems of Jiao River and the Countermeasures
Authors: Yang Guo Li , Ma Li Shan , Zhang Hai Ping , He Teng Fei
Published: June 2014

This paper, through the analysis of the serious problems of jiao River such as the deterioration of water environment and water pollution, puts forwards the water protection measures, on the basis of which we appeal to the governments at all levels to attach great importance to jiao River pollution management and actively improve jiao River water environment. At the same time, the paper hopes all of our citizens could contribute to the improvement of jiao River environment.
Distribution and Contamination Acessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Harbin Section of Songhua River, China
Authors: Gong Kai Yue , Qi Pei Shi , Liu Yun Zhi
Published: June 2014

In this study, the distribution and enrichment characters of heavy metals were explored. And the potential ecological risk levels of heavy metals were evaluated by geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of Harbin section of Songhua River are: Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd. The enrichment degree of Zn is the highest, while Cd is the lowest. The potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals in the sediments of section of Songhua River in Harbin are: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr. The main heavy metals pollution is Cd, which has low content but considerable potential ecological risk and contributes most to RI. The ecological risk level of heavy metals in the sediments of the section of Songhua River in Harbin is moderate.
Innovations in the Design and Construction of a Modified UNITANK Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Zheng Hai Liang , Xiao Zheng , Wu Yao Wen , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2014

Innovations in the design and construction of a large scale modified UNITANK wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are introduced in this paper. Long term operation results indicate that the Qianfeng II WWTP shows good pollutants removal performance and reduces operation cost greatly by saving phosphorus removal chemicals, which demonstrates that these innovations are practical and could be popularized for the similar projects in the future.
Mechanism of Collection of Dust Particles by Charged Droplet
Authors: Xie Li Yu , Wang Jun Feng , Huo Yuan Ping , Zuo Zi Wen
Published: June 2014

The paper presents a numerical algorithm for simulating the trajectories of charged dust particles moving horizontally in the vicinity of an oppositely charged droplet. With taking the air drag, electrical and gravitational into account, the trajectories of charged dust particles are traced by solving the Newton equation. Calculation results show that the dust particles deposit in the whole surface of charged droplet by the effect of electrical force. Electrical force becomes the main factor for dust deposition at low Stokes.
Reason Analysis of ANAMMOX Occurred in a Landfill Leachate Treatment System
Authors: Liang Li Hua , Kuang Su Lin , Wang Ting , Ji Yuan Jing , Zhang Sai
Published: June 2014

The biological treatment process of landfill leachate in Beijing Liulitun landfill is a multistage A/O technology, in which a large amount of ANAMMOX (Anaerobic ammonia oxidation, ANAMMOX) bacteria were found in the sludge. There are several factors impacting the activity of ANAMMOX bacteria, including pH value, temperature and HRT which in this process are suitable for the survival of ANAMMOX bacteria. Especially, low dissolved oxygen is an essential factor as the provider of electron donor for nitrite formation. Although the high concentrations of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite will inhibit the occurrence of ANAMMOX, ANAMMOX bacteria can self-detoxification by forming a low-poison habitat by consuming ammonia and nitrite as well as organic matter by heterotrophic ANAMMOX bacteria.
Treatment of Actual Coking Wastewater by Two-Stage EGSB System with Self-Recirculation and Crossed Recirculation
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Zhao Tian Tian , Pan Qing Ye
Published: June 2014

To investigate the possibility of simultaneous high efficient removal of COD and NH3-N in the actual coking wastewater through micro-aerobic granular bio-film reactor, two-stage granular bio-film reactor system (EGSBI+ EGSBII) were continuously operated through two effluent recirculation ways for about 5 months: ERW1(24L.h-1 self-recirculation) and ERW2(15 L.h-1 self-recirculation +15 L.h-1 crossed recirculation). Compared with ERW1, through using ERW2, the two-stage EGSB reactor system could attain high COD and NH3-N removal efficiencies (86.7%-96.9% and 48.6%-80.4%) and low effluent NO2- and NO3- concentrations (0-25mg.L-1 and 7-71mg.L-1). Using ERW1, the two-stage EGSB reactor system melt with difficult of NO2- accumulation in the EGSBII (accompanied with low NH3-N removal of only 41.4%). Using ERW2, the difficult of accumulation in the EGSBII was solved and simultaneously high efficient removal of NH3-N and NO2- in the EGSBI was achieved.
XRD/SEM/EDS Analysis of Iron Surface after NO Reduction with CH4 in N2 and SO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Qi Yue Zhou , Su Ya Xin , Deng Wen Yi
Published: June 2014

NO reduction by iron was conducted in a one-dimensional ceramic tubular reactor at 300 - 1100 °C in N2 and simulated flue gas atmosphere with 0.4% methane and 0.01%~0.04% SO2. The evolution of metallic iron was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) methods. The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron. XRD patterns showed that FeS was formed when there was SO2 in the flue gas. The iron oxides were FeO and Fe3O4 when methane was not and was used as reducing agent respectively. Rough and raised surface making up of a series of round smooth juts was formed over the iron surface after reaction with NO in N2 atmosphere when there was 0.04% SO2. Porous surface consisting serried particles was formed when methane was used as reductant. White attachments were found locally on the iron surface when SO2 existed in the flue gas, which was proved by EDS analysis to be FeS.
A Novel Turbulent Aggregation Device for Flue Gas
Authors: Li Yun Fei , Yang Jian Guo , Wang Yan Yan , Wang Xiao Guo
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is to construct a turbulent aggregation device which has specific performance for fine particle aggregation in flue gas. The device consists of two cylindrical pipes and an array of vanes. The pipes extending fully and normal to the gas stream induce large scale turbulence in the form of vortices, while the vanes downstream a certain distance from the pipes induce small one. The process of turbulent aggregation was numerically simulated by coupling the Eulerian multiphase model and population balance model together with a proposed aggregation kernel function taking the size and inertia of particles into account, and based on data of particles’ size distribution measured from the flue of one power plant. The results show that the large scale turbulence generated by pipes favours the aggregation of smaller particles (smaller than 1μm) notably, while the small scale turbulence benefits the aggregation of bigger particles (larger than 1μm) notably and enhances the uniformity of particle size distribution among different particle groups.
Acoustic Coagulation of Fine Particles from WFGD
Authors: Wang Xiao Guo , Yang Jian Guo , Wang Yan Yan , Li Yun Fei
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study is employing acoustic coagulation to induce agglomeration of fine and ultrafine particles after wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) and analyzing its effectiveness and characteristic based on numerical simulation. Matters such as calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite in WFGD can form very fine particles. Smoluchoski’s equation is employed as the simulating model. Orthokinetic coagulation, hydrodynamic coagulation and Brownian coagulation are taken into account to form the agglomeration kernel. An improved sectional arithmetic is introduced to achieve sectional size adjusting automatically according to the mass concentration of particles, so that section size is fine where the mass concentration is large to guarantee computational accuracy, but coarse where the mass concentration is small to save computation time. Besides, mass conservation rate is introduced to estimate the calculation error in the compute of mass concentration. Simulation results show that the overall number concentration decreased more than 40% after acoustic wave acting on the flue gas for 2 second; Increasing sound intensity level (SIL) is more effective to coagulation than increasing frequency; There exists an optimal acoustic wave frequency within 1500~2000Hz; Coarse particles are more sensitive to acoustic wave frequency than fine particles.
Experimental Study on the Modification of Granular Activated Carbon by Potassium Permanganate to Adsorb Cu2+ in the Water
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhao Meng , Yang Ji Gang , Chai Xin , Xu Yue
Published: June 2014

This document studies test methods on modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate to adsorb Cu2+. Ensure all factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal. Use potassium permanganate solution to modify activated carbon, investigate main factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal and analyze mechanism by changing potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time, activated carbon’s additive amount and temperature. The results show that modification of activated carbon by 0.03mol/L potassium permanganate solution (0.03K-GAC) can adsorb Cu2+ best. 0.03K-GAC’s removal rate on Cu2+ is 98% when the initial concentration of Cu2+ is 50mg/L, the additive amount of 0.03K-GAC is 2.0g, the pH value is 5.5, the temperature is 25°C and the adsorption time is 4h. Modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate has good adsorbability on Cu2+. Potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time and additive amount can influence the adsorption of Cu2+ by activated carbon. However, temperature’s influence on the effect of adsorption is non-significant.
Method of Modified Corncob Adsorbing Heavy Metal Ions from Water
Authors: Liu Ri Hui , Deng Shuo , Chen Jiang Wei , Jiang Bin Hui
Published: June 2014

Experiment used the microwave and the adjustment of pH to modify corncob to adsorb heavy metal ions (Zn2+, Pb2+) from Water. In order to find out the best adsorption condition on the liquor which concentrations of Zn2+ and Pb2+ were 30 mg/L respective, the experiment used method of control variables and the modified corncob adsorption rate of Zn2+ was the reference index. The results indicated that when corncob diameter, dosage, absorbing time, shaking speed and the pH value of liquor zinc chloride were 1.5mm, 20mg/L, 30min, 180rpm and 6, respectively, the adsorption rate of Zn2+ and Pb2+ reached the highest by 76.67% and 98.54%. The results showed that modified corncob adsorption rate of Zn2+ and Pb2+ were more than 80% and 98% at low concentrations. In conclusion, modified corncob had a good adsorption property of heavy metal ions in water.
The Characteristics Analysis of Atmospheric Environmental Pollution Impact by Setting Off Firecrackers
Authors: Wei Quan Wei , Liu Ling Jun , Tian Zai Feng , Feng Hai Bo
Published: June 2014

As one of China's traditional habits, setting off firecrackers during the holiday season has been going on for thousands of years, especially in north China. This paper selects the atmospheric environmental quality real-time data published by China environmental department, including the AQI, PM10 and PM2.5, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It shows that all pollutants have a rising trend during the Spring Festival period, especially from 20:00 at lunar 30th to 4:00 at lunar New Year's Day. From the analysis on the cause, setting off firecrackers during the Spring Festival is the direct cause of the decline in air quality.
Research on Biological Materials for Artificial Propagation of Bird Nest Fern Spore
Authors: Zhuo Guang Xiang , Wang Zhong Dong , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2014

Bird Nest Fern is a perennial evergreen large epiphytic or herb. Under natural conditions, most nest fern spores lack of suitable conditions for germination, and because of certain conditions are not met and stop growth. the people digging improperly on the Nest Fern ,the Nest Fern resources have been severely damaged, in order to protect the Nest Fern natural resources .we should strengthen the cultivation of nest fern. This study were different amount of coconut husk, different concentrations of 6-BA and different concentrations of GA3 nest fern spore germination test, results are as follows:When the Coconut husk amount of certain nest fern spore germination rate increased with increasing concentration of 6-BA,6-BA concentration of 0.7mg/L,the spore germination rate of 6.25%. Concentration of 6-BA, nest fern spore germination rate increased with the coconut husk increased. When the coconut husk volume and 6-BA concentration must soak spores with different concentrations of GA3 12~15min, nest fern spore germination with GA3 concentration increases, by analysis of variance, GA3 concentration of 200 mg/L, can greatly enhance spore germination rate; Three true leaves of seedlings grown by transplanting, and has successfully bred a number of nest fern seedlings.
The Variety of SO2、NO2 ,Air Pollutants Concentration of Nanchong City in Recent 16 Years
Authors: Li Tie Song , Li Cheng Ming , Ren Guang Qian
Published: June 2014

Based on air monitoring data during 1996-2011 in Nanchong city,analysis of atmospheric SO2、NO2 annual variation characteristics and laws, and quality evaluation. The results show that: the concentration of SO2 decreased, and the small fluctuations in the range of SO2 concentrations in recent 16 years of Nanchong City. Annual average of mass concentration of SO2 more than 0.1 mg / m3 in 1996-2000, and not more than second level of "ambient air quality standard" GB3095-2012 in 2001-1011.The concentration of NO2 fluctuated between 0.034 mg / m3 and 0.056 mg / m3 in 1996-2001, and are less than 0.040 mg / m3 2002-2011.In the all, pollution of SO2、NO2 are reduced significantly through the treatment.
Analysis of Density of PM2.5 under Diffusion and Attenuation Based on Non-Stationary Two-Dimensional Multi-Box Model
Authors: Hu Cao Yuan , Li Hai Yan , Huang Xiao Ming , Li Zhi
Published: June 2014

High density of PM2.5 that has an insignificant contribution to the increasing dusty weather threats the physicaland mental health of approximate six hundred millions Chinese recently. In this paper, we investigate thediffusion and attenuation of PM2.5 and give a prediction of its density in Xi’an city, which is based on nonstationarytwo-dimensional multi-box model, while considering the effect of seasons and wind direction. Asimulation is conducted with data from thirteen random selected stations. Furthermore, by comparing the realmeasured value and numeric value, we evaluate the validity of our proposed model as well as giving the relativeerror.Keywords: Two-Dimensional Multi-Box model, PM2.5, Diffusion, Attenuation.
Integrated Processes of Anoxic/Oxic Bioreactor and Artificial Wetland for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ladu John Leju Celestino , Lu Xi Wu , Osman Ahmed Mohammed
Published: June 2014

This paper examined the treatment of rural domestic wastewater. Influent and effluent samples were experimented for Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, NO3--N and TP in the Taihu Lake Environmental laboratory of Southeast University in Wuxi. Different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and recycle ratios were applied to appraise their influence on removal efficiency. The wastewater temperature was controlled between 20 to 24°C and pH ranges 7.6 – 8.1. The result revealed average COD, NH4+-N, NO3- -N and TP removal efficiencies of 77.2, 74.1, 94 and 83% with optimum HRT of 3hrs and recycle ratio of 2 respectively. The obtained results confirmed that, the integrated processes of anoxic/oxic bioreactor and artificial wetland was viable and proficient in domestic wastewater treatment.
Research Progress and Enhancement of MDC Process
Authors: Xiong Yu Qin , Peng Ting , Shi Zai Feng
Published: June 2014

Membrane distillation-crystallization (MDC) is an appropriate process which can completely recover solutes and solvents from high concentration brine under modest operation conditions, and no emissions from system into the environment. In present article, factors restricting the development of membrane distillation-crystallization such as the performance of membrane material and the mass transfer/transfer efficiency were introduced, the process enhancement and sediment control measures of crystallization were reviewed. To reinforce mass and heat transfer efficiency in the process of hollow fiber membrane distillation-crystallization, bubbles were suggested to be added into feed side to format gas-liquid two-phase flow. The secondary flow generated by the bubble would not only substantially increase the maximum shear stress on membrane surfaces, prevent deposition of pollutants, but also could effectively reduce the boundary layer polarization phenomena at the same time. And most importantly, bubbles would not become nucleus for crystal generation of supersaturated solution, and bubbles are easily detached from the solution.
Study on the Ozone Treatment of Night-Soil Sewage
Authors: Yang Yu Jie , Zhang Wu Long , Zhang Xie
Published: June 2014

Night-soil pollution is a serious environmental and public health problem in highly populated and developing countries. Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to study the chroma and COD removal effect of night-soil sewage by ozone oxidation technique. The results show that, both the chroma and COD of night-soil sewage decrease with the growth of ozone dosage, and the chroma removal rate can be up to 90%, while the COD removal rate is less than 50%. The utilization efficiency of ozone decreases with the chroma reduction or the reactor diameter increasing. The appropriate diameter of ozonization reactor used in eco-friendly toilets is 150mm, and the optimal ozone dosage is 400mg/L.
Study on Adsorption of Cd2+ by Modified Bamboo Charcoal
Authors: Li Wen Long , Chen Yi Qing , Wang Jing Yu , Lin Lin , Yin Juan , Tang Jian Jun
Published: June 2014

Modified bamboo charcoal was made by immersion with Nitric acid and heating at high temperatures. This paper compared the adsorption properties before and after modified bamboo charcoal which were used to treat the Cd2+ solution. The influencing factors such as solution pH, adsorption time, charcoal dosage, initial Cd2+ concentration, temperature were investigated. The results show that modified bamboo charcoal made by immersion with Nitric acid and heating at high temperatures improves the adsorption efficiency. The equilibrium of adsorption capacity is 6.65mg/g. Adding 15 g modified bamboo charcoal in every 1L Cd2+ solution, the removing rate of Cd2+ is above 99% after adsorbed 60min under pH from 4 to 8. The adsorption Cd2+ process with modified bamboo charcoal accords with similar secondary dynamic model. Langmuir isotherm equation is more suitable than the Freundlich equation to describe the adsorption Cd2+ process with modified bamboo charcoal. The adsorption Cd2+ process is exothermic and physical adsorption.
The Research on the Dyeing Wastewater Treatment in Ultrasonic with Fenton
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Hui Lan , You Kun , Yuan Ya Shu
Published: June 2014

Experimental study on the ultrasonic, Fenton law separate and composite handle direct blue-B2RL dyeing wastewater of main influence factors and treatment effect. Experimental results show that ultrasonic Fenton recombination method > Fenton> ultrasound treatment effect alone . Complex legal pH values, while ultrasonic-Fenton ultrasonic radiation dosing the amount of H2O2 and time and other factors were studied to determine the best experimental conditions.The best experimental conditions is :the dosing the amount of H2O2 3ml/L, pH=3.
The Treatment of Aniline Wastewater by Electro-Fenton Method
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Zhao Yi Cong
Published: June 2014

To study the influences of different factors on the removal of aniline and COD and find out the optimal process parameters of electro-Fenton method, pH value, the dosage of Fe2+ and electrolytic voltage were changed in this experiment. The results show that the removal of aniline and COD could reach to 93.24% and 81.41% respectively when the pH was 3, the dosage of Fe2+ was 1g•L-1 and the electrolytic voltage was 15V. Consequently, electro-Fenton method is feasible as a treatment of aniline wastewater.
Analysis on Mode and Benefit of Biogas Project on Livestock Farm
Authors: Sun Hao Sen , Yang Dong , Wei Shi Jun
Published: June 2014

Taking a biogas plant in Yangxin city as an example, the paper introduced the technical mode of combined heat,power and biological desulphurization and evaluated the economic,social and ecological benefits.The results of FIRR proved the economic viability and promoted effects on the improvement of ecological environment. Finally, a summary of this development and the conditions in China are listed, expecting to provide references for the construction and design of farm biogas project.
Large Dairy Farms Biogas Energy Environment Engineering Technology Research
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Lin Hua , Liu Xue Ting
Published: June 2014

Abstract: In this paper, according to the domestic large dairy farms waste gas energy environment engineering technology research, forecasts the market application prospect of biogas technology, and analyzes the two kinds of biogas engineering technology characteristics and how to correctly choose the biogas production process.
A Colorimetric and “Turn-On” Fluorescent Chemosensor for Metal Ion Based on Rhodamine Derivative
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Xi
Published: June 2014

The recognition and sensing of biologically and environmentally important species has emerged as a significant goal in the field of chemical sensors in recent years1. Fluorogenic methods in conjunction with suitable probes are preferable approaches for the measurement of these analytes because fluorimetry is rapidly performed, is nondestructive, is highly sensitive, is suitable for high-throughput screening applications2,3. We synthesized rhodamine derivatives compounds by a Schiff base reaction.
Research on Treatment Technology as Resource of Polymer-Containing Oily Sludge
Authors: Yin Xian Qing , Hu Fei Fei , Jing Bo , Zhang Jian , Shen Xi Zhou , Liu Xiao Yu
Published: June 2014

With the rapid implementation of polymer flooding in Bohai oil field, the produced liquid includes large amount of polymer-containing oily sludge reversed increases year by year. The polymer-containing oily sludge accumulates at the terminal processing plant, which not only obviously degrades the performance of sewage treatment instruments and blocks the oil/water separators, but also has a bad impact on environment. Using thermal chemical treatment technology with dynamical separating agent and optimizing separation conditions, the completed processing technology is obtained as follow: thermal chemical reaction, separation on standing, crude oil recovery and recycling of waste water. The recovery rate of crude oil from the samples treatment is over 94%. The obtained technology plays an important role in recycling of source, environment protection and technical support of increasing produced liquid.
Sludge Reduction in Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic System by Lysis-Cryptic Growth Using Ultrasound Pretreatment
Authors: Meng Zhao Hui , Guo Wan Qian , Yang Shan Shan , Yu Shui Li
Published: June 2014

In this study, sludge reduction by ultrasound combining anaerobic-anoxic-oxic system (AAO) was developed and examined. Compared with AAO process, 38.07, 46.07 and 50.98% of excess sludge reduction could be obtained by ultrasonic combining AAO system (sludge return ratios of 40%, 60%, and 80%). When the sludge return ratio is 60%, ultrasound combining AAO system can achieve the best sludge reduction effect. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of ultrasound combining AAO system were 88.21, 89.77, and 90.31%, respectively. The introduction of sludge disruption by ultrasound pretreatment did not affect the COD removal ability of the AAO system, whereas increased in the COD removal efficiency. This combined biological treatment system could realize sludge reduction and improve nutrient removal efficiencies.
Technology of Non-Burned Brick Using Heavy Metal Polluted Soil and Solidification of Heavy Metal
Authors: Dai De Wei , Li Chun Ping , Ren Li Mei
Published: June 2014

Ten sets of experiments were designed to process non-burnt bricks by adding different proportion of cement as binder and 10% of carbide slag as activator into heavy metal polluted soil. The results showed that: compressive strength at 3d, 7d and 28d of non-burnt bricks compound by T2 were the highest with 10.552MPa, 19.291 MPa and 20.135 MPa respectively, achieving the high quality standard brick. Besides, leaching concentration of heavy metals were lower than that of GB3838-2002 "environmental quality standard for surface water" in V water requirements; heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd mostly exist in the organic and residual fraction with 97.88%90.31%97.44% and 98.92% of the total fraction, respectively.
A Strain of Chlorella sp. was Used for Chicken Manure Fermentation Broth Treatment and Bio-Crude Oil Feedstock Production
Authors: Zhang Ting Ting , Lu Hai Feng , Dong Tai Li , Niu Xi Cheng , Li Bao Ming , Zhang Dong Ming , Zhang Yuan Hui
Published: June 2014

One of the useful applications of chicken manure fermentation broth was foliar fertilization production. However, the effluent generated during foliar fertilization production processing was high in ammonia concentration, which was hard to be disposed by activated sludge method. Selecting microalgae to treat this kind of wastewater can realize pollutants purification, nutrients recovery and bio-energy production. A strain of Chlorella sp. was used. Results showed that the effluent can be used for microalgae cultivation. The optimal ammonia in the third (TS) and second step (SS) effluent for Chlorella sp. growth was around 500 mg/L and the net growth rate was 49.2 and 51.0 mg/L, respectively. The optimal addition amount of inorganic carbon was 228.6 mg/L for TS to cultivate Chlorella sp. By adding carbon resource every other day with trace elements, biomass reached to the highest value of 915.6 mg/L at 9 day. Without any addition of nutrient, the mixture of TS and SS can realize biomass accumulation of 497.0 mg/L. The highest removal of NH4+-N could reach 40%.
Comparison of Several Technical Treatment of Oily Wastewater by Fly Ash
Authors: Yin Tao , Huang Xiang Yang
Published: June 2014

Oily wastewater and fly ash will cause great pollution to the environment, the paper reviewed the fly ash as the oil removal medium, through the means of directly adding as adsorbents, preparing fly ash ceramisite, adding to remove oil after modification and combing with other treatment processes, etc., had better treatment effect on a variety of oily wastewater generated from different backgrounds. The results showed that using fly ash to treat the oily wastewater could achieve "using waste to treat waste", and could play a dual effect on the environmental protection. Meanwhile it pointed out deficiencies in the existing processes, and the future research should rely mainly on improving the adsorption capacity, the separation and the final treatment of saturated fly ash, and strengthening the research on reaction mechanism.
Extracting Copper from the Ammonia Leaching Solution of Waste Copper-Covered Iron Needle
Authors: Liang Yong , Lin Ru Dan , Wen Bao Lin , Guo Dou Dou , Liu Yu Cheng
Published: June 2014

A novel process was proposed to extract copper from the ammonia leaching solution of copper-covered iron needle. Under the condition of the content of P507 50%, phase ratio 1:2, reaction time 1min, room temperature, the extraction percentage of copper can reach 98%. Under the condition of H2SO4 concentration 3mol•L-1, phase ratio 3:1, reaction time 1min and room temperature, the total stripping percentage of copper can reach 99%, and the stripping solution concentration was 60g•L-1. The qualified CuSO4•5H2O product was obtained after evaporating and crystallizing from the solution.
Cadmium Accumulation and Physiological Changes in Zea mays L.
Authors: Bao Tong
Published: June 2014

Corn (Zea Mays L.) seedlings were in four cadmium (Cd) levels of 0-1mg/L in a hydroponic system to analyze the antioxidant enzyme system, Cd content in the shoots and roots, growth responces in the leaves of corn and phytosiderphore release. There was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, chlorophyll concentration (Chl), shoot and root biomass and phytosiderphore release from Cd 0mg/L to 1mg/L. This indicated that Cd stress induced an oxidative stress response in corn seedlings, characterized by a decrease in activities of SOD and chl concentration. Root and shoot Cd contents of corn increased with their exposure Cd level, and the highest Cd concentration occurred in roots, followed by leaves.
Characterization of Nitrogen during a Short-Term Biological Pretreatment of MSW
Authors: Liu Ting , Yang Lie , Wang Jia
Published: June 2014

Biological pretreatment of municipal solid wastes (MSW) has been proved to be a practice capable of reducing the ammoniacal nitrogen content in the leachate. In this study the transformations of nitrogen were investigated during a short-term biological pretreatment of mixed MSW by using static pile composting. The performance of a large-scale biological treatment process had been studied on about 100 tons of raw municipal solid waste for 16 days. MSW samples were collected at different stages of the process and analyzed to investigate the evolution of nitrogen forms. The results indicate that the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration increased during the first 3 days and decreased subsequently. Ammonia volatilization likely contribute to the reduction of the ammoniacal nitrogen content assessed. The total nitrogen content reduce from 5.5g/kg to 2.1g/kg and the production of nitrites and nitrates is negligible during pretreatment. This data indicate that 16 days of static pile composting with low aeration would be sufficient.
Industrial Fermentation Waste Aspergillus niger as Adsorbent for Sequestering Cr6 + from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xue Wei Na , Peng Yan Bo , Cheng Jie Min
Published: June 2014

Biosorption of Cr6 + ions by industrial fermentation waste Aspergillus niger free dry mycelium was investigated in a batch system..The influences of Cr6 +concentration, biosorbent dose, solution pH and contact time on Cr6 +were investigated.Optimum biosorption was observed to be 73.5% at pH 5,biosorbent dose 20g/L, initial Cr6 + concentration 100 mg/L. Adsorption equilibrium was established in 800 min at 30°C. The Langmuir model compared to the Biosorption equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model, R2=0.9999.
Research on Vegetable Waste Aeration Oxygen-Supply Compost and its Ammonia Volatilization
Authors: Yang Yan , Li Ni , Sun Qin Ping , Li Ji Jin , Liu Ben Sheng , Zou Guo Yuan , Liu Chun Sheng
Published: June 2014

Normally, because the water content is generally high in vegetable waste, the quality of aerobic composting can not be guaranteed. In order to solve this problem, this experiment, regarding lettuce waste and pumpkin straw as researching objects, by adding corn straw as auxiliary materials, chicken manure and cattle dung as regulators, conducts research on the process of aerobic fermentation and the ammonia volatilization in this process. The experiment sets up six treatments in total, they are respectively: A1 (lettuce + corn straw), A2 (lettuce + corn straw + chicken manure), A3 (lettuce + corn straw + cattle dung), B1 (pumpkin straw + corn straw), B2 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + chicken manure) and B3 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + cattle dung). After all treatments being mixed, the aerobic compost is conducted through aeration oxygen-supply and the physicochemical properties and material changes in the composting process have been monitored. The results show that: adding cattle dung has a greater impact on the process of vegetable waste composting than adding chicken manure, where, the germination indexes (GI) A3 and B3 adding cattle dung are respectively 7.10% and 3.44% higher than those of A2 and B2 in adding chicken manure; after the composting the C/N of all treatments are lower than their initial values and reach a significant level (P<0.0001), among them, C/Ns of A3 and B3 decrease to the greatest extent, which are 52.84% and 53% respectively; in the whole composting process, the quantity of ammonia volatilization in treatments adding chicken manure (A2 and B2) is significantly higher than that of adding cattle dung (A3 and B3). On the whole, adding cattle dung can better promote the decomposing process in vegetable waste composting and reduce nitrogen loss than adding chicken manure under conditions in this experiment.
Study on the Eco-Design of Utilization Scheme of the Cooling Water Waste Heat
Authors: Liu Yong Ye , Chen Xiao Qiu , Liu Sen Lin , Yang Yang
Published: June 2014

Waste heat utilization reduces thermal pollution and fosters energy conservation. Based on the investigation and research work on potential usages of waste heat from cooling water, the preliminary study on the eco-design of comprehensive utilization scheme of waste heat was carried out, with the application of ecological engineering theory and philosophy of eco-design. The feasibility analysis showed that the industrial use and district heating of waste heat have better environmental and economic benefits. The evaluation indexes system was established based on the positioning of final result of the ecological design of cooling water waste heat utilization scheme for a nuclear power plant.
Characteristics and Hazard of the Wastewater from the City Garbage Transfer Stations
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhao Wen Yu , Ma Bang Ding , Wu Yu , Liu Kang Huai
Published: June 2014

Nine wastewater samples of waste transfer stations had been gathered and analysis in Guilin city. The results indicate that all sewage belongs to high concentration organic wastewater originating from the waste transfer stations. The average value of wastewater’s COD is 5759mg/L and the maximum value is nearly 28000 mg/L. Its organic pollutants are mainly related to the residues of animals and plants. The content of lead(Pb), Chromium (Cr) and other toxic heavy metals in the wastewater could be 10 times higher than emissions standards, and especially total phosphorus’(TP) content could reach to more than 20 times of discharge standard. In order to protect the environmental quality in the vicinity of them and normally operating of the urban sewage treatment plants, it is necessary that these wastewater should be treated alone. A proposal is that integrated equipment should be made by using some technologies combined biology with membrane separation. Through disperse treatment by the equipment, urban sewage transfer stations could be reused or discharged on standard.
Characterization of the Interaction between Human Serum Albumin and Minocycline by Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Zhang Li Yang , Huang Fang , Liu Ying
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the interaction between human serum album (HSA) and minocycline (MNC) in physiological solution had been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV spectrum and FT-IR spectroscopy. The inner filter effect was corrected. The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of HSA was primarily due to static quenching, and thermodynamic parameters exhibited hydrogen bond and van der Waals force played the major role in stabilizing HSA-MNC complex. Through site marker competitive experiments had been assigned to possess the high-affinity binding site for MNC in subdomain IIA of HSA. Binding constant was obtained to be 1.64×106L·mol-1(298K) and 1.16×104L·mol-1(310K), the number of binding sites were both 1. The alternations of HSA secondary structure, such as α-helix and β-sheet were quantitatively calculated from FT-IR.
Management and Innovation on Municipal Household Waste in Beijing – A Comparison with Kawasaki City of Japan
Authors: Huang Hai Feng , Wang Yuan Bo , Chen Kai Li
Published: June 2014

Kawasaki city, which has over 30 years experience in environmental protection and waste disposal, has formed a complete waste treatment process. This process, including separate collection, processing, reuse and incineration, etc. has improved the Kawasaki environment a lot. This paper outlines the present situation and characteristics of the Kawasaki Municipal Waste Management, and comparatively analyzes management situation and existing problems of Beijing. Then the paper puts forward some suggestions for the household waste management innovation.