bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Bunga Tetua Anggrek Dendrobium dalam Menghasilkan Variasi Fenotipe Baru Melalui Teknik Hibridisasi
Authors: Albab Muhammad Ni'amul
Published: October 2021

Anggrek dikenal sebagai tanaman hias populer yang dimanfaatkan bunganya. Bunga anggrek sangat indah dan variasinya hampir tidak terbatas. Eksploitasi tanpa pembudidayaan menyebabkan penurunan potensi anggrek alam sebagai tetua persilangan. Selain itu, pengetahuan mengenai sifat-sifat penurunan karakter anggrek alam masih sedikit diulas dan diketahui sehingga pemanfaatan anggrek spesies sebagai induk persilangan belum maksimal. Peningkatan mutu pada tanaman anggrek juga terkendala pada teknik persilangan dan perbanyakan biji hasil persilangan. Kegiatan persilangan banyak menggunakan varietas-varietas dengan tetua yang sama sehingga menyebabkan variasi genetik pada hibrida yang terbentuk menjadi terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengetahui karakteristik bunga tetua anggrek dengan variasi berbeda serta bunga pada anggrek hibrida hasil persilangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan secara morfologi melalui pengamatan langsung kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Batasan penelitian ini menggunakan anggrek spesies dari genus Dendrobium yang digunakan sebagai indukan dan anggrek hibrida hasil persilangan yang telah berbunga kemudian diamati bentuk bunga, warna bunga, bentuk dan warna sepal serta petal. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah anggrek hibrida hasil persilangan yang telah berbunga memiliki morfologi bunga yang mirip seperti kedua tetua persilangannya seperti ukuran bunga, warna bunga, bentuk dan warna sepal maupun petal, dan warna dari labellum tergantung dari karakteristik bunga yang terdapat pada kedua tetua persilangannya.
The effect of public space indicators on the rural district’s life quality in Kuhdasht county, Iran
Authors: Roumiani Ahmad , Ebrahimi Salari Taghi , Mahmoodi Hamideh , Shateri Mofid
Published: October 2021

This article evaluates nine rural districts in Kuhdasht county, Iran, with a population of 3535 between 2013–2016. We address the following two questions: First, what are the most important criteria and effective indicators in the rural population’s quality life enhancement? Second, is there any significant relationship between the public space indicators and quality life enhancement in the case study area? Six factors, including perceptual vision, buildings skeletons, culture and communities, activities, social interaction, and the environment from local peoples’ perspectives, explained 52.6 percent of the total variable variances. The Friedman test showed a significant difference among criteria of esthetics, semantic-perceptual, and activity-based functional at the alpha level of 0.01. The fitting growth regression model showed that the positive effect of the public space indicators on the rural population’s vitality and dynamism quality enhancement was about 0.723, indicating a significant relationship between them. It also stated a vital role of public space indicators in the rural population’s vitality and dynamism quality enhancement in the study area. The most important indicators were those of economic, social, and cultural dynamism and the body and space indicators.
An Attempt to Formulate a Preliminary Definition of the Validity of Norms
Authors: Patryas Wojciech
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study is to formulate a preliminary defnition of the validity of norms using idealization method for this purpose. The author proposes a preliminary definition of the validity of norms and compares it with the conception of such a definition put forward by Leszek Nowak in Interpretacja prawnicza. Studium z metodologii prawoznawstwa.
The Timeless Quest for Truth in a World of Doubt: Re-Examining Modes of Proof in the Medieval Era
Authors: Amon Isaac
Published: October 2021

This article presents a brief overview of historical methods of legal proof prior to and soon after the Norman Conquest of England in October 1066. Through an examination of the rituals of compurgation and the ordeal, which were techniques designed to discover truth prior to the establishment of the inquisition in medieval Europe and the common law jury trial in England, the human quest for intellectual conviction has been indelibly with us since the days of antiquity. And, whichever method to ascertain truth is ultimately utilized – compurgation or ordeal, inquisition or cross-examination, trial by judge or by jury – the law’s enduring search for certainty amidst a world of doubt owes much to the history and times of William the Conqueror.
Slices of Hewitt–Stromberg measures and co-dimensions formula
Authors: Selmi Bilel
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the behavior of the lower and upper multifractal
Hewitt–Stromberg functions under slices onto

(

n
-
m

)

{(n-m)}

-dimensional
subspaces. More precisely, we discuss the relationship between the
multifractal Hewitt–Stromberg functions of a compactly supported
Borel probability measure and those of slices or sections of the
measure. In addition, we prove that if μ has a finite m-energy
and q lies in a certain somewhat restricted interval, then these
functions satisfy the expected adding of co-dimensions formula.
Concentration-Compactness Principle for Trudinger–Moser’s Inequalities on Riemannian Manifolds and Heisenberg Groups: A Completely Symmetrization-Free Argument
Authors: Li Jungang , Lu Guozhen , Zhu Maochun
Published: October 2021

The concentration-compactness principle for the Trudinger–Moser-type inequality in the Euclidean space was established crucially relying on the Pólya–Szegő inequality which allows to adapt the symmetrization argument. As far as we know, the first concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type in non-Euclidean settings, such as the Heisenberg (and more general stratified) groups where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails, was found in [J. Li, G. Lu and M. Zhu, Concentration-compactness principle for Trudinger–Moser inequalities on Heisenberg groups and existence of ground state solutions, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 57 2018, 3, Paper No. 84] by developing a nonsmooth truncation argument. In this paper, we establish the concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type on any compact Riemannian manifolds as well as on the entire complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature lower bound. Our method is a symmetrization-free argument on Riemannian manifolds where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails. This method also allows us to give a completely symmetrization-free argument on the entire Heisenberg (or stratified) groups which refines and improves a proof in the paper of Li, Lu and Zhu. Our results also show that the bounds for the suprema in the concentration-compactness principle on compact manifolds are continuous and monotone increasing with respect to the volume of the manifold.
日籍華語學習者的體標記習得偏誤
Authors: 德馨 劉 , 庭安 郭 , 和也 大槻 , 姵妤 葉 , 儀君 劉
Published: October 2021

提要

華語中的進行貌「在」和持續貌「著」, 在語意上都含有持續的意思, 這種語意特徵一直以來對日籍的華語學習者造成很大的困擾。對日籍華語學習者而言, 日語中表示持續貌的「ている teiru」, 除了可以對應華語進行貌「在」、持續貌「著」, 還能對應華語表達狀態改變的「了」。一對多的對應形式, 使日籍華語學習者在分辨華語動貌標記時, 出現很大的困難。本研究採用雙元理論 (The Two-Component Theory, Smith, Carlota S. 1997.The parameter of aspect. The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands) 作為中日動貌對比分析之理論框架, 討論華語和日語敘事觀點的差異, 以量化和質化分析並行之方式, 檢視10位中級和高級日籍學習者之口語語料, 並與4位母語人士的口語產出進行對比分析, 以探討學習者在使用華語敘事時動貌標記的使用, 以及母語負遷移的影響。研究發現, 學習者的動貌標記偏誤並非源於對動詞語義所蘊含的事件結構認識不清, 而是因為「ている teiru」可以對應到華語的「在」、「著」和「了」, 再加上缺乏前後景的概念而導致偏誤, 因此會有誤代和遺漏的情況發生, 此種狀況在連動句最為明顯。
Examining the Creative Self-Efficacy, Goal Interdependence, and Satisfaction of New Venture Teams in the Board Game Industry
Authors: Swab R. Gabrielle , Cogan Aviel , Pret Tobias , Marshall David R.
Published: October 2021

This study theoretically and empirically examines the important role that goal structures play in new venture teams. Specifically, we examine how creative self-efficacy affects the satisfaction of team members through cooperative and competitive goal interdependence. Relying on social cognitive and social interdependence theories, we contend that new venture teams’ creative self-efficacy leads to higher team satisfaction because it promotes the perception of cooperative goal structures among team members. We test our theory on new venture teams in the independent board game industry. Results generally support our hypotheses and we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship research and practice.
Foliations with isolated singularities on Hirzebruch surfaces
Authors: Galindo Carlos , Monserrat Francisco , Olivares Jorge
Published: October 2021

We study foliations

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

on Hirzebruch surfaces

S
δ

{S_{\delta}}

and prove that, similarly
to those on the projective plane, any

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

can be represented by a bi-homogeneous
polynomial affine 1-form. In case

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

has isolated singularities,
we show that, for

δ
=
1

{\delta=1}

, the singular scheme of

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

does determine the foliation, with some exceptions that we describe, as is the case of
foliations in the projective plane. For

δ
≠
1

{\delta\neq 1}

, we prove that
the singular scheme of

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

does not determine the foliation. However,
we prove that, in most cases, two foliations

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

and

ℱ
′

{\mathcal{F}^{\prime}}

given by sections s and

s
′

{s^{\prime}}

have the same singular scheme if and only
if

s
′

=

Φ
⁢

(
s
)

{s^{\prime}=\Phi(s)}

, for some global endomorphism Φ of the tangent bundle of

S
δ

{S_{\delta}}

.
Data Ethics Frameworks
Authors: Häußler Helena
Published: October 2021

Zuletzt veröffentlichten viele Organisationen ethische Richtlinien, um ihre Haltung gegen Diskriminierung durch Algorithmen zu betonen. Vier dieser Frameworks werden mithilfe der kritischen Diskursanalyse untersucht. Ziel ist es, die darin vermittelten Werte und Wertkonflikte zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass etablierte Werte aus der Computer- und Informationsethik aufgegriffen und bestehende Machtstrukturen zwischen Akteuren verstärkt werden.
Logarithmic diameter bounds for some Cayley graphs
Authors: Pham Lam , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2021

Let

S
⊂

GL
n

⁢

(
Z
)

S\subset\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})

be a finite symmetric set.
We show that if the Zariski closure of

Γ
=

⟨
S
⟩

\Gamma=\langle S\rangle

is a product of special linear groups or a special affine linear group, then the diameter of the Cayley graph

Cay
⁡

(

Γ
/
Γ

⁢

(
q
)

,

π
q

⁢

(
S
)

)

\operatorname{Cay}(\Gamma/\Gamma(q),\pi_{q}(S))

is

O
⁢

(

log
⁡
q

)

O(\log q)

, where 𝑞 is an arbitrary positive integer,

π
q

:

Γ
→

Γ
/
Γ

⁢

(
q
)

\pi_{q}\colon\Gamma\to\Gamma/\Gamma(q)

is the canonical projection induced by the reduction modulo 𝑞, and the implied constant depends only on 𝑆.
The role of family adaptation in the transition to adulthood for youth with medical complexity: a qualitative case study protocol
Authors: Li Lin , Carter Nancy , Ploeg Jenny , Gorter Jan Willem , Strachan Patricia H.
Published: October 2021

Background

For youth with medical complexity and their families, the transition to adulthood is a stressful and disruptive period that is further complicated by the transfer from relatively integrated and familiar pediatric services to more fragmented and unfamiliar adult services. Previous studies report that families feel abandoned, overwhelmed, and unsupported during transition. In order to provide better support to families, we need to understand how families currently manage transition, what supports they need most, and how key factors influence their experiences. The aim of this study is to understand how families of youth with medical complexity adapt to the youth’s transition to adulthood and transfer to adult health care, social, and education services, and to explain how contextual factors interact to influence this process.

Methods

Informed by the Life Course Health Development framework, this study will use a qualitative explanatory case study design. The sample will include 10–15 families (1–3 participants per family) of youth with medical complexity (aged 16–30 years) who have lived experience with the youth’s transition to adulthood and transfer to adult services. Data sources will include semi-structured interviews and resources participants identified as supporting the youth’s transition. Reflexive thematic analysis will be used to analyze interview data; directed content analysis will be used for documentary evidence.

Discussion

While previous studies report that families experience significant challenges and emotional toll during transition, it is not known how they adapt to these challenges. Through this study, we will identify what is currently working for families, what they continue to struggle with, and what their most urgent needs are in relation to transition. The anticipated findings will inform both practice solutions and policy changes to address the needs of these families during transition. This study will contribute to the evidence base needed to develop novel solutions and advance policies that will meaningfully support successful transitions for families of youth with medical complexity.
Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports
Authors: García Núñez José María
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.
Median-Tree: An Efficient Counterpart of Tree-of-Shapes
Authors: Mirmahboub Behzad , Maia Deise Santana , Merciol François , Lefèvre Sébastien
Published: October 2021

Representing an image through a tree structure as provided with a morphological hierarchy enables efficient image analysis and processing methods operating directly on the tree structure. Max-tree and min-tree can be built with efficient algorithms but they only focus on brighter and darker components of the image respectively. Conversely, the Tree-of-Shapes is a self-complementary image representation that provides access to all regional extrema of the image (both brighter and darker components), but its computation is more time-consuming. In this paper, we introduce a new, simple and efficient tree structure called median-tree. It relies on a median image that is straightforwardly constructed by subtracting the median pixel value from an image to decompose it into positive and negative parts. The median tree can then be obtained by applying the efficient max-tree algorithms available in the literature on this median image. We show through theoretical and experimental studies that the median-tree offers similar characteristics to the Tree-of-Shapes, but comes with a considerably lower construction complexity.
Teaching communication strategies for the workplace: a multimodal framework
Authors: Hartle Sharon , Facchinetti Roberta , Franceschi Valeria
Published: October 2021

Recent changes in Higher Education (HE) approaches to content delivery, coupled with breakthroughs in the Information and Communications Technology field, have led to a whole new multimodal approach to teaching (Jewitt, C. 2009). In: Jewitt, C. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. Routledge, London & New York; Jewitt, C. (2013). Multimodal methods for researching digital technologies. In: Jewitt, C. and Brown, B. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of digital technology research. Sage, London, pp. 250–265; Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse. Bloomsbury Academic, London). Multimodality in language teaching increasingly draws on multiple channels of communication and not simply text on a page. Multimodal awareness and competence are also paramount in intercultural and interpersonal communication, which has become increasingly common in today’s global workplace. Through the description of the activities implemented in the English for Professional Purposes (EPP) course entitled English for the World of Work, held at the University of Verona, we will illustrate our multimodal, EPP framework based on Littlewood’s learning continuum, which ranges from analytical study to experiential practice (2014). Our principal aim, however, is to highlight ways in which the didactic framework fosters an awareness of and competence in key areas such as multimodal competence and intercultural awareness as skills required for effective communication in today’s world of work.
A Hidden Agenda of Imperial Appropriation and Power Play? Iconological Considerations Concerning Apse Images and Their Role in the Iconoclast Controversy
Authors: Niewöhner Philipp
Published: October 2021

According to the written sources, the Iconoclast controversy was all about the veneration of icons. It started in the late seventh century, after most iconodule provinces had been lost to Byzantine rule, and lasted until the turn of the millennium or so, when icon veneration became generally established in the remaining parts of the Byzantine Empire. However, as far as material evidence and actual images are concerned, the Iconoclast controversy centred on apse images and other, equally large and monumental representations, none of which were ever venerated. Prior to Iconoclasm, such images had not been customary at Constantinople, where the early Christian tradition had been largely aniconic and focused on the symbol of the cross. Thus, the introduction of monumental Christian imagery to Constantinople appears to have been a major aspect of the Iconoclast controversy. This paper asks why and finds that the images in question, whilst not for veneration and therefore not essential to the theological debate, stood out for imperial propaganda. They led to close visual integration of the emperor and the church that had previously been kept apart, because aniconic traditions used to limit imperial presence inside Constantinopolitan church buildings. It seems, then, that the Iconoclast controversy, although conducted in religious terms, was partly driven by a hidden agenda of imperial appropriation and power play.
Das ‚Schisma von 1054‘ als mikro- und makrohistorisches Ereignis. Überlegungen zu einem theologisch-kirchenpolitischen Erklärungsmodell
Authors: Khislavski Grigori
Published: October 2021

This article will formulate an explanatory model in which all the specifics of the controversy between Rome and Constantinople in the schism of 1054 will be considered in theological and ecclesiastical-political terms. Thus, both the complexity of the historical context and the diversity of the motives of its protagonists will be taken into account. In a first step, the current state of research on the events of 1054 will be presented, before confronting it with open questions in a second step. They are derived partly from the historical context, partly from the ambivalent information conveyed by Latin and Greek sources. The latter entails several source-critical problems, but thereby offers a chance to pose new questions to „old“ sources. Based on these open questions, the sources will be re-read and re-interpreted in terms of determining the course of events in 1054 and the motives of the protagonists of the 1054 schism.
Linear-polarized terahertz isolator by breaking the gyro-mirror symmetry in cascaded magneto-optical metagrating
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Zhao Dan , Li Shanshan , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang
Published: October 2021

To realize nonreciprocal transmission, it is necessary to break the time-reversal symmetry of the transmission system, but it is very challenging to keep the linear polarized (LP) input and output unchanged in the free space transmission system. Magnetized semiconductor InSb can realize terahertz (THz) nonreciprocal transmission for the two conjugated photonic spin states, but it cannot realize efficient one-way transmission of LP state due to gyro-mirror symmetry. In this work, by introducing a pair of orthogonal uniaxial anisotropies from the meta-gratings on both sides of InSb, both the gyro-mirror and time-reversal symmetries are broken for the LP state, thus making this cascaded grating–InSb–grating structure serves as a high-performance isolator for the LP light. The experiment results indicate isolation of 50 dB at 0.4 THz for the same LP input and output under a weak biased magnetic field of 0.17 T. Moreover, we further illustrate the factors affecting the isolation bandwidth of the device, also demonstrated another broadband structure with the 10 dB isolation bandwidth from 0.2–0.7 THz, and the relative bandwidth achieves 110%. The mechanisms of THz nonreciprocal transmission and polarization manipulation proposed in this work will contribute to the development of efficient THz magneto-optical devices.
An improved image processing algorithm for automatic defect inspection in TFT-LCD TCON
Authors: Yan Liyuan , Cengiz Korhan , Sharma Amit
Published: October 2021

The demand to improve image display in TFT-LCD, implementation of design for image processing is important. In order to meet the specific requirements of low-end Thin Film Transistor-Liquid-Crystal-Display (TFT-LCD) image display. This paper adopts a novel algorithm to conduct subsequent processing of the medical image after SCALER scaling, including contrast adjustment, gamma correction and dithering. Dithering algorithm is the focus of our research. After the study of some classical video image processing algorithms, and considering the real-time requirements, an intelligent algorithm is implemented for hardware implementation and improvement. For each part, MATLAB language is firstly used for advanced simulation to verify its feasibility, and then Right-To-Left (RTL) hardware language description is carried out. The characteristics extraction from images is performed implementing RGB standard and grayscale images. The pixel intensity is analyzed for each RGB component and the variance is calculated. When a panel displays a variation of 6% related with their reference values, the panel is rejected. The results obtained from classification shows a 95.24% accuracy rate in the detection of defects. The results of the two simulations show that the design achieves the expected goal, and the processing time is shorter.
Optical properties of two-dimensional two-electron quantum dot in parabolic confinement
Authors: Woldemariam Menberu Mengesha
Published: October 2021

The Hamiltonian and wavefunctions of two-dimensional two-electron quantum dots (2D2eQD) in parabolic confinement are determined. The ground and excited state energies are calculated solving the Schrödinger equation analytically and numerically. To determine the energy eigen-value of the system variational method is employed due to the large coupling constant

λ
≈
1.1

\lambda \approx 1.1

. The trial wavefunctions are developed for both ground and excited states. The ground state wave function is a para state and the excited state wavefunctions belong to both para and ortho states based on the symmetry and antisymmetry of spatial wavefunctions. Using the obtained energy eigen-values at the two states, the first- and third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index are analytically obtained with the help of density matrix formalism and iterative procedure.
The effects of ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement on thermostability, mechanical, and optical properties of the biodegradable PBAT film
Authors: Wang Ting , Shi Ying , Li Yongchao , Liu Li-Zhi
Published: October 2021

Among various nanomaterials used for food packaging, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are one of the best choices due to their high antimicrobial property. However, for biodegradable materials like poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), biodegradability can be limited by the antibacterial function. Thus, in the present study, reinforced PBAT films with different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the casting process to investigate the effects of ZnO on the thermostability, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the PBAT film. The results showed that the small amount of ZnO (1 wt%) reduced the decomposition temperature of the PBAT film by nearly 50 °C, and the thermal stability was significantly decreased with the increasing ZnO content. Melt flow index comparison showed that the ZnO nanoparticles accelerated the room temperature degradation rate of PBAT films. In addition, due to the degradation effect of ZnO nanoparticles, the mechanical properties such as the total percentage of elongation (at break), the tensile strength, and yield strength decreased with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial test showed that PBAT + 1 wt% ZnO films could achieve high antibacterial activity (R = 6.8) against Escherichia coli. This study is important for controlling the degradation period of biodegradable materials.
Die politische Ökonomie von Massenprotesten und Revolutionen
Authors: Apolte Thomas
Published: October 2021

Im Herbst 1989 veränderten politische Proteste die Welt. Ein Regime nach dem anderen kollabierte unter dem Druck massenhafter Proteste, und es sah danach aus, als ob es sich kein Regime mehr leisten könne, den Willen und die Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung zu ignorieren. Inzwischen ist dieser Eindruck breiter Ernüchterung gewichen. Vor allem nach offenkundig manipulierten Wahlen flammen zwar immer wieder Massenproteste auf, doch werden sie meist erfolgreich unterdrückt. In der modernen Politischen Ökonomie hat sich eine umfangreiche Literatur rund um diese Thematik etabliert. Thomas Apolte gibt in diesem Beitrag einen Überblick darüber und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund, unter welchen Bedingungen sich in autokratischen Regimen Massenprotest formiert, wann solche Proteste die Stabilität eines autokratischen Regimes gefährden und, als Ausblick, wann ein Regimekollaps den Weg in eine demokratische Gesellschaft ebnen kann.
Could IL-6 predict the clinical severity of COVID-19?
Authors: Aykal Guzin , Esen Hatice , Seyman Derya , Çalışkan Tuğba
Published: October 2021

Objectives

An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of disease severity in COVID-19. The aim herein was to determine the prognostic value of IL-6, and demonstrate the comparison between IL-6 and related parameters in COVID-19.

Methods

Data were collected from 115 COVID-19 patients.

Results

The median age was 46.04 years in the mild group, 56.42 years in the moderate group, and 62.92 years in the severe group (p=0.001). There was a significant difference in the hospitalized clinic to intensive care unit ratio among the patients (p<0.001). The IL-6 values were significantly higher in the severe group than those in the mild (p=0.04) and moderate groups (p=0.043). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for IL-6, as predictor of severe clinical condition, was 0.864 (95% CI 0.765–0.963 p=0.000). The longitudinal analyses showed that the severe group presented with significantly increased IL-6 levels during hospitalization.

Conclusions

IL‐6 seemed to be a guide in the early diagnosis of severe COVID-19 and an ideal marker for monitoring negative outcome.
Spin coherent states, Bell states, spin Hamilton operators, entanglement, Husimi distribution, uncertainty relation and Bell inequality
Authors: Durieux Dylan , Steeb Willi-Hans
Published: October 2021

We investigate spin Hamilton operators and compare spin coherent states and Bell states concerning entanglement, Husimi distributions, uncertainty relation and Bell inequality. The distances between spin coherent states and Bell states are derived. The Rayleigh quotients of spin Hamilton operators for spin coherent states and Bell states are evaluated and compared.
Two 2D Co(II)/Mn(II) coordination polymers based on the quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylate ligand: synthesis, crystal structure, and fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhao Ya-Li , Weng Qi-Ying , Xie Yu-Qian , Li Jia-Ming
Published: October 2021

A pair of two-dimensional (2D) isostructural coordination polymers (CPs), {[Co(2,3-qldc)(H2O)]}
n
(1) and {[Mn(2,3-qldc)(H2O)]}
n
(2), where 2,3-H2qldc = quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized through IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, power X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results have revealed that the fully deprotonated 2,3-H2qldc ligand connects the Co(II)/Mn(II) atoms with a μ
3-bridge to form a square-wave 2D network, which is further extended into 3D stacks through O–H···O, C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions. Topologically, 1 or 2 can be simplified as a 4-connected
sql
type with a Schläfli symbol {44·62} and a Shubnikov tetragonal plane net, or as a 3-connected
fes
type with a Schläfli symbol {4·82} and a Shubnikov plane net. The thermal stability and the solid state fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Superexchange interactions in AgMF4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) polymorphs
Authors: Domański Mateusz A. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: October 2021

Magnetic properties of silver(II) compounds have been of interest in recent years. In covalent compounds, the main mechanism of interaction between paramagnetic sites is the superexchange via the connecting ligand. To date, little is known of magnetic interactions between Ag(II) cations and other paramagnetic centres. It is because only a few compounds bearing a Ag(II) cation and other paramagnetic transition metal cation are known from experimental work. Recently the high-pressure synthesis of ternary silver(II) fluoridometallates with 3d metal cations AgMF4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) was predicted to be feasible. Here, we investigate the magnetic properties of these compounds in their diverse polymorphic forms. Using well-established computational methods we predict superexchange pathways in AgMF4 compounds, evaluate coupling constants and calculate the impact of the Ag(II) presence on superexchange between the other cations. The results indicate that the low-pressure form of AgCuF4, the only one composed of stacked layers like the parent AgF2, would show mainly Ag–Ag and Cu–Cu superexchange interactions. Upon compression, or with the nickel(II) cation, the Ag–M interactions in AgMF4 compounds are intensified, which is emphasized by an increase of Ag–M superexchange coupling constants and Ag–F–M angles. All the strongest Ag–M superexchange pathways are quasi-linear, leading to the formation of antiferromagnetic chains along the crystallographic directions. The impact of Ag(II) on M–M superexchange turns out to be moderate, due to factors connected to the crystal structure.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of sintering effects on the lithium ion dynamics in Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3
Authors: Winter Edda , Seipel Philipp , Zinkevich Tatiana , Indris Sylvio , Davaasuren Bambar , Tietz Frank , Vogel Michael
Published: October 2021

Various nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods are combined to study the structure and dynamics of Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) samples, which were obtained from sintering at various temperatures between 650 and 900 °C. 6Li, 27Al, and 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra show that LATP crystallites are better defined for higher calcination temperatures. Analysis of 7Li spin-lattice relaxation and line-shape changes indicates the existence of two species of lithium ions with clearly distinguishable jump dynamics, which can be attributed to crystalline and amorphous sample regions, respectively. An increase of the sintering temperature leads to higher fractions of the fast lithium species with respect to the slow one, but hardly affects the jump dynamics in either of the phases. Specifically, the fast and slow lithium ions show jumps in the nanoseconds regime near 300 and 700 K, respectively. The activation energy of the hopping motion in the LATP crystallites amounts to ca. 0.26 eV. 7Li field-gradient diffusometry reveals that the long-range ion migration is limited by the sample regions featuring slow transport. The high spatial resolution available from the high static field gradients of our setup allows the observation of the lithium ion diffusion inside the small (<100 nm) LATP crystallites, yielding a high self-diffusion coefficient of D = 2 × 10−12 m2/s at room temperature.
Humans and animals in the Postclassic Cuchumatanes: the archaeological fauna from Chiantla Viejo (Huehuetenango, Guatemala)
Authors: DEL SOL NICOLAS , CASTILLO VICTOR
Published: October 2021

Recent excavations at the highland site of Chiantla Viejo (Huehuetenango De- partment, Guatemala) were conducted to refine the site stratigraphy and understand population movements during the late Postclassic and early Contact era (AD 1250-1550). Excavations re- covered animal remains from these transitional contexts. This analysis represents one of the first zooarchaeological studies of a faunal assemblage in the Guatemalan highlands at the end of the pre-Hispanic period and into Spanish contact. The results highlight the changes and also the continuities experienced by the residents of this region during the early Colonial period: the persistence of long-distance exchange networks, the continuation of wild game hunting, and the early introduction of Eurasian domesticates.
Reptiles de los niveles Epipaleolítico, Mesolítico y Neolítico de Cova Fosca (Ares del Maestrat, Castellón, España)
Authors: BAILON SALVADOR
Published: October 2021

Cuatro taxones de reptiles han sido determinados en los niveles del Epipaleolítico, del Mesolítico y del Neolítico Antiguo y Medio del yacimiento de Cova Fosca: cf. Mauremys leprosa, Timon lepidus, Zamenis scalaris y Vipera latastei. Al menos una parte de los restos es- tudiados muestra trazas de digestión y evocan la acción de un depredador de tipo mamífero en el que el hombre no puede ser excluido. El conjunto de reptiles permite inferir la existencia de un clima mediterráneo y de un paisaje con vegetación aclarada y un punto de agua.
Rethinking the Traumatic Memory of the Holocaust in Literature (Based on Monika Schneiderman’s Work “Fałszerze pieprzu. Historia rodzinna”)
Authors: Yevchuk Uliana
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the attempt to reconstruct the historical memory of the Holocaust in the novel by Polish writer Monika Schneiderman “Fałszerze pieprzu. Historia rodzinna”. The writer questions the issue of Polish-Jewish relations, the responsibility and guilt of Holocaust witnesses to its victims. The author, who has a complex identity, seeks to find out for herself why her Polish family did not show enough sympathy for the suffering of Jews during World War II, including her Jewish relatives. As such indifference on the part of Poles to Holocaust victims was quite common, Monica Schneiderman tries to explain this by examining the relations between societies who lived side by side for centuries in the pre-war period, concluding that the two neighbouring nations lived in separate communities that were not open to each other.

Based on the reproduction of the history of her own family, the author seeks answers to difficult questions of universal human values – perception and understanding of others, empathy, compassion. In her works Monica Schneiderman shows the need to include these recently “closed” but extremely important topics in the public discourse.
Interaction of Lithuanian and Belarusian Dialects in the Surroundings of Radun
Authors: Tuomienė Nijolė
Published: October 2021

The research focuses on the interaction of the Lithuanian and Belarusian languages in thesurroundings of Radun (Belarus, Voranava district, Lith. Rodūnia). Employing the language changemethodology, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the most prominent cases of phonetic interference oftwo – old and middle – generations of residents in both languages spoken by them.The data show that the oldest residents are expressing both languages using the Lithuanian articulatory base. Over time, the characteristic Lithuanian features begin to level: varies the pronunciation of a; in open endings, the long tense vowels i, ы are usually pronounced as é; unstressed vowels are reduced inconsistently, etc.As Lithuanian is for the middle-generation speakers, it already demonstrates essential changes, whichoccurred because they started expressing their Lithuanian using the Belarusian articulatory base. First of all, they usually lengthen stressed short vowels; they do no longer pronounce unstressed long vowels; they donot distinguish between acute – or circumflex-accented mixed i, u + R type diphthongs; the distinction between the falling and rising diphthongs ai, au, is made based on phonetic, not accentual, factors; the palatalised dental consonants t, d are replaced by the palatalised velar consonants k, g.
Regional Identity and Multiculturalism: the Baltic Germans of Latgale in the Early 20th Century Latvian Literature
Authors: Romanovska Alina
Published: October 2021

In the studies of Latvian culture and history, there is a number of investigations dedicated to the influence of Baltic German culture on Latvian culture. Hence the Latgale region was not given due attention in this regard. The role of the Baltic Germans in this region is peculiar due to its specific history, and it is important to study how the Baltic German culture influences the multicultural identity of Latgale. A project of the Latvian Science Council The Baltic Germans of Latgale in the context of socio-ethnic relations from the 17th until the beginning of the 20th century (2020–2021) is devoted to this topic. One of the tasks of the project is the analysis of the image of the Baltic Germans in fiction. In the framework of the research, the works written in the Latvian literary language, the action of which is set in Latgale, are analysed. The focus is on fictional works about Latgale written by two authors – Antons Austriņš (1884–1934) and Ādolfs Ers (1885–1945) – in the first and second decades of the 20th century. The said writers are the first currently distinguished authors narrating in the Latvian literary language, who describe Latgale in a number of their works. Compared to other nationalities (Poles, Russians, Jews), the Baltic Germans are mentioned minimally in their works; moreover, it is a commonplace that in some cases protagonist’s belonging to German descent is not mentioned, which can only be inferred. Although the Baltic Germans belong to the Latgale past, their culture is imperceptibly and harmoniously apparent in Latgale, i.e. it is evident in the castles (castle ruins) and manors as well as in the use of Germanisms by the Baltic Germans, it has determined the location of the Latgale cities and influenced the worldview.
Alcántara, M., García, M. y Rivas, C. (2020). Politics and Political Elites in Latin America. Challenges and Trends. Cham: Springer. 353 pp.
Authors: González Tule Luis Antonio
Published: October 2021

Por más de 25 años, el Proyecto de Élites Parlamentarias en América Latina de la Universidad de Salamanca (PELA-USAL), dirigido por el profesor Manuel Alcántara, ha llenado un vacío en los estudios de opinión enfocados en las élites políticas. El proyecto busca conocer quiénes son los legisladores, cuál ha sido su trayectoria y qué opiniones, valores y creencias tienen con respecto a temas diversos como la confianza institucional, la satisfacción con la democracia, las relaciones ejecutivo-legislativo, la política exterior, el género o la ideología personal y partidista.
Collective Farm Village of Mordovia in the Post-War Period
Authors: Mariskin Oleg I.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article explores the state of the collective farm village of Mordovia in the post-war period, when the peasantry went through a difficult and contradictory path of development, having experienced all the consequences of state policy, which was characterized mainly by the use of repressive measures and increased taxes. At the same time, the moral encouragement of the leaders of collective farm production was used, the material and technical base of collective farms was gradually strengthened. Results and Discussion. Yield growth, livestock and productivity of public animal husbandry, the strengthening of the economy of farms largely depended on the efficiency of the work of collective farmers, state farm workers, advanced production workers, agricultural production specialists. The improvement of the material well-being and cultural level of the workers of the region, first of all, was expressed in the growth of the monetary income of collective farmers, workers and employees, in housing construction. The reduction of the agricultural tax in 1953, the increase in procurement and purchase prices for agricultural products, the decrease in retail prices for some food and industrial goods, the transition to monthly and quarterly advance payment of labor changed not only the economic situation, but also the psychological climate in the village: the social and labor activity of people increased, the migration of the rural population of Mordovia decreased. Conclusion. The progressive measures implemented after September 1953 soon exhausted themselves due to systemic reasons and contradictory subjective decisions.
The Economic History of the Mordovian Region in the Scientific Heritage of Nikolai Vasilievich Zavaryukhin
Authors: Bogatyrev Eduard D.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. 2022 marks the 75th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of History, Professor Nikolay V. Zavaryukhin. The aim of the study is to assess his contribution to the study of the history of the socio-economic development of the Mordovian region during the period of feudalism. Research Methods. The research is based on the biographical method. The use of general scientific methods made it possible to present the problem under study as a process within the framework of a specific historical situation, the tasks to be solved, to analyze the essence and content of N. V. Zavaryukhin’s scientific activity. The materials of the archives of Ogarev Mordovia State University and the personal archive of the historian have been introduced into scientific circulation. Results and Discussion. The article is dedicated to the memory of a professor at Ogarev Mordovia State University Nikolai Vasilievich Zavaryukhin. The study provides biographical information about the scientist, highlights his scientific activities, focuses on the main scientific works and his scientific heritage. Conclusion. N. V. Zavaryukhin made a significant contribution to the development of historical science and historical education of Mordovia, using extensive archival material to study the socio-economic development of the Mordovian region in the 17th–18th centuries. He traced the evolution of economic activity and identified the factors that determined it. A significant place in his legacy is occupied by works that popularize the history of their small homeland. The materials of his research form the basis of a number of university and school textbooks and teaching aids on the history of the Mordovian region. He made a great contribution to the development of the historical science of the Republic of Mordovia, having prepared 24 candidates of historical sciences under his supervision.
Estimation of pitavastatin and ezetimibe using UPLC by a combined approach of analytical quality by design with green analytical technique
Authors: Chanduluru Hemanth Kumar , Sugumaran Abimanyu
Published: October 2021

The current study explores a design and development of the simple, fast, green and selective novel method of UPLC to quantify pitavastatin and ezetimibe simultaneously. The combined approach of Green Analytical Method with Quality by Design-based risk assessment was done using the Ishikawa fishbone diagram followed by a rotatable central composite design used for the optimization. The optimal chromatographic separation was attained through a mobile phase of 72: 28% v/v ethanol and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.5), with a 0.31 mL min−1 flow rate. The developed UPLC-PDA method was sensitive and specific for pitavastatin and ezetimibe, with linearity ranging from 2 to 30, 10–150 μg mL−1 with an R2 of 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively. The forced degradation study of stability-indicating assay results shows the degradation in respective stress conditions. The developed UPLC method was validated and found to have sensible results with good linearity, accuracy and precision. Further, the greenness was evaluated using five states of art metrics like NEMI, GAPI, AES, AMGS, and AGREE metrics and found the greenest results. Based on the results we concluded that the developed UPLC method could be efficient for the simultaneous determination of pitavastatin and ezetimibe in bulk and tablet dosage.
PERFOMANSI KINERJA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PT. BUANA BERSAMA JAYAINDO KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, BANTEN
Authors: Dewi Yulia Musna
Published: October 2021

Udang vaname merupakan salah satu komoditas air payau dengan permintan yang cukup tinggi baik ekspor maupun impor. Namun masih banyak petambak udang vaname yang belum mengetahui prosedur dan proses budidaya yang benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menegetahui performansi kinerja budidaya udang vaname di PT. Buana Bersama Jayaindo Pandeglang Banten. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tanggal 2 September sampai 30 Oktober 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa performansi kinerja budidaya pada siklus 2 belum mencapai target perusahan, dengan hasil rata-rata produtivitas 13,47 Ton/Ha, SR 77 %, FCR 1,6, ABW 17,2 g/ekor dan ADG 0,26 g/ekor per hari.Kata Kunci: Performansi kinerja budidaya, produktivitas
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG PERAIRAN DAN POTENSI EKOWISATA BAHARI DI PULAU ATAÚRO, DISTRIK DILI, SUB DISTRIK ATAÚRO, TIMOR LESTE
Authors: Costa Delio Da , Suharti Ratna , Rachmat Basuki
Published: October 2021

Pulau  Atauro  sebagai  pulau  kecil  memiliki  ekosistem  pesisir dan  laut  yang  cukup  lengkap yaitu  terumbu  karang,  padang  lamun  dan  sedikit  hutan  bakau (Mangrove). Padang  lamun  di  Pulau Atauro  cukup  luas  dan masyarakat  seringkali menjumpai  dugong di  sekitar perairan  yang memiliki padang  lamun.   Pulau  Atauro  juga  memiliki  beberapa  pantai berpasir  putih yang cukup  panjang  dimana  penyu  kerap  dijumpai  bertelur  pada  musim  tertentu. Praktik ini bertujuan untuk daya dukung perairan dan daya dukung kawasan beserta potensi ekowisata di pulau Ataúro. Praktik ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2019. Metode yang digunakan selama praktik ini adalah metode line intercept transect kuadran untuk lamun, Metode line intercept transect  dan underwater photo transect untuk karang, metode underwater visual census untuk ikang karang. Hasil analisis kualitas perairan di pulau Ataúro berdasarkan lampiran II KepMEN LH 51 tahun 2004 tentang baku mutu air laut untuk ekowisata bahari dapat disimpulkan bahwa rerata kualitas air di pulau Ataúro sangat memenuhu baku mutu. Tutupan Karang hidip di seluruh lokasi praktik memiliki tutupan 54.80% dalam kategori ‘baik’, presentase tutupan lamun di seluruh lokasi praktik memiliki nilai tutupan rata-rata 82.08% dalam kategori sehat/kaya. Komposisi jenis ikan di pulau Ataúro dengan total ikan 704 ekor dengan kelimpahan seluruh lokasi memiliki 28160 ind/ha. Kelimpahan jumlah individu pada desa Beloi sebanyak 11840 ind/ha, desa vila 8200 ind/ha dan desa Biqueli 8120 ind/ha. Hasil analisis index kesesuaian wisata kategori diving di desa Beloi 75.93% dalam kategori dalam kategori sesuai, desa Vila 66.67% Sesuai, Biqueli 61.11% sesuai, IKW kategori Snorkeling di Desa Beloi 77.19% dalam kategori Sesuai, Desa Vila 78.95% Sesuai, Desa Biqueli 59.65% Sesuai. IKW Kategori ekowisata lamun di setip lokasi berkisar 82.35% - 92.16% dalam kategori Sangat Sesuai.