bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST AND ATTRIBUTING THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE HOLOCAUST
Authors: Dresler-Hawke Emma
Published: May 2006

Since the beginning of the new Federal Republic of Germany, foreigners have evaluated much of the political and social cultures of Germany in accordance with their interpretations of the Nazi past. The former German Democratic Republic's identification with the antifascist resistance against the Nazi regime permitted much of the social and political responsibility for the crimes of the Third Reich to be avoided. This official position played an important role in shaping the perception of the Nazi past. Survey data gathered in the former East Germany in 1995 and 2000 reveal a complex pattern of acceptance and denial of this historical past. There was a significant shift in the attribution of responsibility for the Holocaust, but no change in the perceptions of grandparents' involvement in it. Results are interpreted with reference to social identity theory, which provides a framework for the understanding of national identity, collective self-esteem and collective memory.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COPING STYLES AS MEDIATORS IN RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: A COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Gil Sharon
Published: May 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which differences in risky sexual behavior (RSB) between males and females is mediated by their personality traits and coping styles. Participants were 180 first-year undergraduate students who were evaluated with the Tridimensional
Personality Questionnaire (TPQ; Cloninger, 1987); the Multidimensional Coping Inventory (COPE; Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989); and a Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ). Findings showed that while the majority of the males had engaged in RSB at least once during the previous
year (80%), the majority of the females had not engaged in such behavior (62%). In addition, the males scored significantly higher than did the females on the novelty-seeking personality dimension (i.e., the tendency to respond with intense excitement to novel stimuli), as well
as on the problem-focused and the avoidance coping styles. Path analysis revealed two mediators in the relationship between RSB and gender: novelty seeking and the avoidance coping style.
AN INVESTIGATION OF INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAINING VARIABLES
Authors: Chuang Aichia , Liao Wen-Chih , Tai Wei-Tao
Published: May 2006

This study represents an investigation of modeling training motivation and learning from both individual and contextual perspectives. Participants were 250 undergraduate business students who entered a remedial training class as a result of their failure to pass the previous course.
The individual factor, self-efficacy, was found to correlate with learning partly through the mediation of training motivation. The contextual factor, interactional justice experienced in the class they previously failed, moderated the effect of self-efficacy on training motivation. Implications
for future research and organizations are discussed.
ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ABOUT DEATH AND DYING HELD BY BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Makgati Charles K. , Simbayi Leickness C.
Published: May 2006

Using the Lester Attitude Towards Death Scale (LATDS), a study was conducted on a convenience sample of 179 Black South African university students to investigate their attitudes towards, and beliefs about, death and dying. It was found that overall the students held positive attitudes
towards, death and dying. However, this was not influenced by any of the demographic variables tested. The implications of these findings on several topical death-related issues in South Africa are discussed.
ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF STUDENTS' RATINGS OF FACULTY MEMBERS AT MU'TAH UNIVERSITY
Authors: Alsmadi Abdalla
Published: May 2006

Students are not used as raters to evaluate or judge faculty members' academic performance in some universities because of the lack of trust. This study examined the extent to which students can give consistent and reliable ratings. Nineteen graduate students were asked to give
ratings to the academic performance of a faculty member on two occasions with two weeks in between. Results showed evidence of interrater agreement and rater consistency. With appropriate training, students can be a reliable source of information about faculty members' academic performance.
SOCIAL CONCERNS AND WILLINGNESS TO SUPPORT CHARITIES
Authors: Hsu Jane Lu , Liang Guan-Yu , Tien Chih-Ping
Published: May 2006

The market for charitable donations has its own functional systems. Well-known charities prevail by seeking donations and the competition can be intense. This study examines the factors affecting consumers' concerns about charitable donations and willingness to continue to support
charities. Based on the results of this study, television and newspapers/magazines are major sources whence consumers gather charity information. The reputations of charities and the types of recipients are critical in gaining donors' trust to continue to support the organizations.
How well the charities are managed financially is less of a concern. Donation intentions can be increased if more relevant information is available to potential donors.
CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW SCALE: THE REYSEN LIKABILITY SCALE
Authors: Reysen Stephen
Published: May 2006

While much is known about the concept of likability, a single encompassing tool to measure likability has yet to be created. The Reysen Likability Scale measures the degree of likability for a target source. Using the current scale, a total of 150 participants rated 12 individuals who
were videotaped while reading a paragraph. Tapes differed with respect to whether the people genuinely laughed, faked their laughter, or did not laugh while reading a paragraph. In the present study, the reliability, and convergent and divergent validity of the new scale were assessed. Coefficient
alpha for the current scale ranged from .90 to .91. Laughter predicted higher likability ratings which demonstrated convergent validity. Divergent validity was illustrated using Goldberg's (1992) 100-Adjective Big Five Personality Test. Suggestions for research using the new scale are
given.
THE PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF PERSON-JOB FIT AND PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT BETWEEN AND WITHIN INTERVIEW STAGES
Authors: Chuang Aichia , Sackett Paul R.
Published: May 2006

This study explored the perceived importance of person-job fit and person-organization fit between and within three interview stages (i.e., initial, final, and single stage). The initial and final interviews refer to the sequential interviews conducted in a multiple-stage selection
process and the single interview refers to the only interview conducted before a final decision is made. Using 446 campus recruiters, it was shown that: 1) P-J fit was perceived as more important than P-O fit in the initial interview; 2) the importance of P-J fit becomes lower from the initial
interview to the single interview and from the initial interview to the final interview; and 3) the importance of P-O fit becomes higher from the initial interview to the single interview and from the initial interview to the final interview. Empirical implications and future directions are
discussed.
THE IMPACT OF SIBLING STATUS ON CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Edwards Glen D. , Bangert Art W. , Cooch Gregory , Shinfuku Naotaka , Chen Tao , Bi Yongyi , Rappe Paula
Published: May 2006

The World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 (WHOQOL-100, Power, Harper, Bullinger, & WHO1QLG), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (Zhang, 1993), and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zhang, 1993) were used to determine whether Chinese college students from only child and sibling
child families rated perceptions of their quality of life differently. Small to moderate significant differences were found when comparing only students to sibling students on the WHOQOL-100 with no significant differences on measures of anxiety and depression. These results suggest that only
students do not differ greatly from sibling students in terms of their overall perceptions of their quality of life. A unique characteristic of this study was that it targeted older college students born after implementation of the one-child-per-family policy in China. Also, self-rating instruments
were used to gain a greater holistic understanding of the emotional well-being, physical state and social functioning of students. Several psychosocial and economic reasons, including methodological issues related to this study's findings, were discussed.
IMPACT OF A COMMUNITY DISASTER AWARENESS TRAINING PROGRAM IN TURKEY: DOES IT INFLUENCE HAZARD-RELATED COGNITIONS AND PREPAREDNESS BEHAVIORS
Authors: Karanci A.Nuray , Aksit Bahattin , Dirik Gulay
Published: May 2006

A community disaster training program focusing on earthquakes, floods and landslides was implemented in Çankiri, Turkey, in 2002. It covered mitigation, preparedness and response aspects of natural disaster management. Four thousand community members participated in the training program delivered by 95 local trainers. This study evaluated the impact of participation in this program. One year later, 400 randomly selected participants in the training program and a comparable sample of 400 community members who did not participate in any disaster training program (nonparticipants) were surveyed. Disaster-related cognitions (i.e., disaster expectation, worry about future disasters, loss estimations if a disaster occurs, beliefs in the possibility of mitigation and preparedness) and reported preparedness behaviors were assessed. The relationship of sociodemographic, previous disaster experience, anxiety and locus of control variables with disaster-related cognitions and behaviors was examined. Results showed that participants in the training program had more disaster expectation, worry and loss estimation and more preparedness behaviors. Results of regression analyses, examining the relationship of the variables of the study with disaster cognitions, affect and actual preparedness behaviors showed that gender, education, being a participant in the training program, anxiety and locus of control are important variables related to different kinds of disaster-related cognitions. However, reported preparedness behaviors were quite low and this result needs to be viewed with caution. These results have important implications for the modification of programs for targeting sustainable behavioral change, which is likely to reduce the impact of future disasters.
THE INFLUENCE OF PESSIMISTIC EXPLANATORY STYLE ON THE RELATION BETWEEN STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS AND HOSPITAL DOCTORS' PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
Authors: Clarke Dave , Singh Racquel
Published: May 2006

This study examined the influence of pessimistic explanatory style (PES) on the relation between stressful events and psychological distress, first as a moderator with an interaction term, and secondly as a mediator between stressful events and psychological distress. A demographic
questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12; Goldberg & Williams, 1991), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS; Holmes & Masuda, 1974), and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Peterson, 1995) were completed by 121 hospital doctors, 70 men and 51 women, aged
23–65 years (M = 37.2, SD = 1.2). There were no significant differences in mean GHQ psychological distress scores between groups for sex, domestic status, employment status or grade. Stressful events were positively associated with PES, and both were positively associated
with psychological distress. In the absence of a significant interaction component, multiple regression analyses did not support explanatory style as a moderator, but did support it as a mediator in the relationship between stressful events and psychological distress. Findings were discussed
in terms of helping doctors to alter their explanatory styles and possibly attenuate the influence of stressful events on their psychological distress.
MARITAL SATISFACTION AND SELF-DECEPTION: RECONSTRUCTION OF RELATIONSHIP HISTORIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: O'rourke Norm , Cappeliez Philippe
Published: May 2006

The relationship among marital aggrandizement, satisfaction with life, and marital satisfaction is examined among an international sample of older adults (N = 400). Three distinct groupings are identified on the basis of cluster analysis. A minority of participants emerged as
dissatisfied with life and marriage. This grouping (the distraught) holds realistic perceptions of their relationship history. The same is true for a larger grouping identified as the realistically content who appear satisfied with life and marriage. The largest grouping (Pollyannas)
also appears highly satisfied with life and marriage. Of note, these participants also engage in selective recall negating the occurrence of negative events and perceptions of their spouse and marriage. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) suggests that Pollyannas convey a tendency for
self-deception that distinguishes them from the other two groupings. These results are discussed in terms of demographic trends and directions for future research.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THINKING STYLES AND PERSONALITY TYPES
Authors: Balkis Murat , Isiker Gülnur Bayezid
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the relationship between thinking styles and personality types. The participants were 367 third-year students at Dokuz Eylül University who responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI; Stemberg & Wagner, 1992) based on Sternberg's theory of
mental self-government and the Self-Directed Search Scale (SDS; Holland, Powell, & Fritzsch, 1994) based on Holland's theory of vocational choices. The results showed a close correspondence between thinking styles and personality types. Another finding of this study was that thinking
styles differ according to gender and major fields of study. The implications of both findings are discussed in detail.
THE MENTAL HEALTH OF YOUNG WORKERS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Bildik Tezan , Tamar Muge , Vesek Savaş , Bukusoglu Nagehan , Aydin Cahide
Published: May 2006

The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of psychological symptoms in young workers, and the relationship with regard to sociodemographic characteristics using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1992), in İzmir Apprenticeship Training Center, Turkey, with
203 randomly selected apprentices aged 15–21, 31 (15.3%) females and 172 (84.7%) males. The mean age was 17.48± 1.24 years. The apprentices were from four different occupational groups: Metalwork (21.7%), Auto repair (29.6%), Electric repair (20.7%)
and Hairdressing (28.1%). Results showed that apprentices who are female, who come from single-parent families, who reported low socioeconomic status, who had lost one of their parents or siblings, whose fathers had no stable job, and who work in hairdressing are at risk for psychological
problems. In conclusion, those “at risk” apprentices should receive psychosocial support and counseling for coping with problems.
THE FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE DESIRABILITY OF CONTROL SCALE AMONG KUWAITI SUBJECTS
Authors: Abdullatif Hassan I. , Hamadah Lulwah N.
Published: May 2006

The study was undertaken to investigate the factor structure of the Kuwaiti version of the Desirability of Control Scale (DC; Burger & Cooper, 1979; Hamadah & Abdullatif, 2000) on a sample of 387 Kuwait undergraduate students (males = 152 and females = 235). Six orthogonal (Varimax)
factors were extracted. They were labeled General Desire for Control, Leadership, Regard for Autonomy, Avoidance of Dependence, Decisiveness, and Attentiveness. It was concluded that these factors were interpretable and thus the Kuwaiti version of the DC Scale can be recommended for use with
Kuwaiti college students and similar groups.
DYSFUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BELIEFS IN MARITAL SATISFACTION AND ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Hamamci Zeynep
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the association between dysfunctional relationship beliefs and marital relationships of Turkish nonclinical married individuals. The Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (Hamamci & Büyüközturk, 2004), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), and Marriage Life Scale (Tezer, 1986), which measure marital satisfaction, were administered to the sample of 190 married females and males. Analysis revealed that married individuals with low dyadic adjustment endorsed significantly more dysfunctional relationship beliefs than did those with high dyadic adjustment. It was found that dysfunctional relationship beliefs, including especially beliefs concerning being very close to others in their relationships causing negative consequences, have negative and moderate level correlation with the marital adjustment of males, and negative and very low level correlations were found between marital satisfaction and dysfunctional relationships beliefs. But mindreading beliefs were positively associated with the marital satisfaction of females. Although there were no significant age or gender differences in dysfunctional relationship beliefs, significant differences were observed in dysfunctional relationship beliefs in terms of the education level of married individuals.
DEPRESSION AMONG TURKISH FEMALE AND MALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Ceyhan Esra , Ceyhan Aydogan Aykut , Kurtyilmaz Yildiz
Published: May 2006

This research aimed to examine (1) the depression levels of university students, and whether or not depression levels of university students differ significantly according to their gender, (2) if university students' problem-solving skills, submissiveness levels, social support from family, friends and society, ages and cumulative Grade Point Averages (GPAs) predict their depression level; and (3) if predictive values of these variables change according to gender. The research was carried out with 293 university students. The finding of the study was that perceived problem solving, social support from friends, and submissiveness predicted depression in university students.
THE DYNAMIC INTERPLAY OF STUDENT MOTIVATION AND COGNITION IN THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION STUDENTS AT KUWAIT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Al-Ansari Eissa M.
Published: May 2006

An everlasting controversial issue in is the problem of teaching students to become initiative-motivated, and self-regulating learners. This study focuses on the interactive relationships between students' motivation and cognition in the College of Education students at Kuwait
University ‐ more specifically, the relationships between students' motivational orientation and their use of cognitive learning strategies as well as their metacognitive and effort management strategies (cf. Pintrich, 1988; Pintrich, Smith, & Mckeachie, 1989). Some preliminary
empirical results from current research on college students' motivation, cognition, and achievement in different College of Education students are also presented.
INTERPERSONAL RELATEDNESS AND SELF-DEFINITION IN LATE ADULTHOOD DEPRESSION: PERSONALITY PREDISPOSITIONS, AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
Authors: Besser Avi , Priel Beatriz
Published: May 2006

This study addresses depression in late adulthood within the context of Blatt's (1974; 1991) theory of development and vulnerabilities to depression. Participants were a sample of 237 Israeli community-dwelling old adults (age 65–75) in good health and functioning well. The
authors assumed that in this developmental period, normally beset with questions about self-identity and interpersonal relatedness, the associations among Self-criticism, the Neediness component of dependency, and depressive symptomatology are moderated by participants' perceived social
support as well as by their fear of death. As expected, the correlational results confirmed that depression in late adulthood is associated with Self-criticism, Neediness, fear of death, and low perceived social support. Additional results illustrated the protective role of Efficacy and Connectedness,
as well as the buffering roles of social support and low fear of death in the relation between vulnerabilities to depression and depressive symptoms in late adulthood. The overall findings highlight the relevance of personality vulnerability factors in depression in late adulthood and the
need to consider a range of moderating factors that may serve to protectively buffer or exacerbate the impact of personality vulnerability factors.
MORAL SKILLS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Sniras Sarunas , Malinauskas Romualdas
Published: May 2006

Data which would reveal the importance and level of moral skills of schoolchildren are still lacking. This research investigated children in 2 age groups and was based on the Moral Skills Inventory (Bakutyte, 1999). For the present study, this inventory was adapted after carrying out
a pilot study at one middle school in Kaunas, Lithuania. Subjects were chosen by a random selection method in the Lithuanian middle schools of Kaunas, Klaipeda and Vilnius. Schoolchildren were questionned in the age groups 10 to 12 (258) and 13 to 15 (294) respectively. Our research results
prove that schoolchildren aged from 13 to 15 try very hard to be sensitive towards others: and are trying much harder to console to a statiscally significant extent (p<.05) in comparison to the 10 to 12 age group.
TEAM COMPOSITION AND LEARNING BEHAVIORS IN CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAMS
Authors: Yeh Ying-Jung , Chou Huey-Wen
Published: May 2006

This study examines the effects of two types of team diversity (functional and positional diversity) and team learning behaviors on the performance of cross-functional teams. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation teams were selected for investigation because of their cross-functional characteristics. The study results indicate that team learning behaviors had a significant and consistently positive effect on team performance. Functional diversity had a negative effect on team satisfaction, while the effect of positional diversity was positive. Task and relational conflicts were also found to be negatively associated with team performance, but the results did not confirm the hypothesized mediating and moderating effect. Recommendations are provided to improve the effectiveness of cross-functional teams.
MOTIVE, ROLE IDENTITY, AND PROSOCIAL PERSONALITY AS PREDICTORS OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITY
Authors: Finkelstein Marcia A. , Penner Louis A. , Brannick Michael T.
Published: May 2006

Constructs from the functional analysis and role identity models of volunteerism were combined in a study of activity and tenure among hospice volunteers. The influence of prosocial personality tendencies on sustained volunteer activity was also examined. The findings were most supportive
of a role identity model of sustained volunteerism. Identity and perceived expectations emerged as the strongest predictors of both time spent volunteering and length of service. Initial motives for volunteering showed a weaker than expected relationship with volunteerism. Motives were, however,
correlated with role identity and perceived expectations in an interpretable and theoretically coherent manner. The results provided preliminary support for a conceptual framework that integrates the functional and identity approaches to understanding long-term volunteers.
SOCCER FANS' MOTIVATION AS A PREDICTOR OF PARTICIPATION IN SOCCER-RELATED ACTIVITIES: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION IN ISRAEL
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Avrahami Anat
Published: May 2006

This study tested the applicability of the Sport Fan Motivation Scale (SFMS) developed by Wann (1995) in the Israeli soccer setting. The study examined whether the scale can be applied to soccer specifically, not just to sport in general. It also tested the predictive validity of the
SFMS by developing a scale of participation in soccer activities and examined several hypotheses regarding its relationship to the SFMS. The sample consisted of 327 high school students in the north of Israel (an 86% response rate). The findings showed that the SFMS predicted a significant
amount of variance of participation in soccer activities. Results of regression analyses showed that eustress (positive stress), self-esteem, group, and aesthetic motivations were strongly related to active participation in soccer activities. Entertainment, self-esteem, and economic motivations
were strongly related to passive participation in soccer activities. The findings are discussed in terms of their conceptual and practical contributions.
PERCEPTION OF ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE: EXPLORING LEADING THEORIES
Authors: Ng Sik Hung , Allen Michael W.
Published: May 2006

This study assessed the power of four theories in predicting individuals' perception of economic distributive justice: Self-interest Theory, Belief in a Just World, Attribution Theory, and Ideology. On the basis of a community survey of 487 adults, regression analyses showed that Self-interest Theory and Belief in a Just World provided moderate predictions of economic distributive justice perception; and Attribution Theory and Ideology yielded the strongest predictions. This finding has implications for future theoretical development.
A COMPARISON OF AMUSINGNESS FOR JAPANESE CHILDREN AND SENIOR CITIZENS OF THE STORY OF LITTLE BLACK SAMBO IN THE TRADITIONAL VERSION AND A NONRACIST VERSION
Authors: Mori Kazuo
Published: May 2006

Japanese versions of The Story of Little Black Sambo (LBS) were perceived to have racist characterizations and were withdrawn from the Japanese market in 1988. A revised version of LBS was prepared that contained no words or pictures related to racism and was compared
with a version of LBS published by Iwanami Publishing Co. in terms of amusingness. Fiftyfour kindergarteners, four to five years old, and 43 senior citizens, 78.9 years old on average, were read a picture book popular in Japan, followed by either the revised or the Iwanami version of
LBS and then asked to judge which of the two stories was more amusing. The results showed equal levels of amusingness between the Iwanami and the revised versions of LBS in both age groups.
IMMIGRATION FROM AN ATTACHMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: van Ecke Yolanda
Published: May 2006

The current literature on attachment and immigration is reviewed and attachment theory is used to illuminate immigrants' responses during the stages of premigration, transit, settlement, and adjustment/adaptation. The author argues that immigrants are more likely than nonimmigrants
to have an insecure attachment representation, and considers both causes and effects of immigration from an attachment theory perspective. It is suggested that long-term implications of immigration experience may include increased vulnerability to attachment trauma, and that understanding
social support and clinical aspects of immigrants' needs will benefit from the application of attachment theory. The author considers the usefulness of applying attachment theory to the experiences of nonimmigrant groups including expatriate employees, members of the armed services, government
employees stationed abroad and even foreign students are discussed. Several attachment-based research focuses to examine attachment among immigrants are proposed.
AGE, CULTURE, AND THE ANTECEDENTS OF LONELINESS
Authors: Rokach Ami , Neto Felix
Published: May 2006

Loneliness is a pervasive experience which everyone has experienced. It is a subjective experience, which is influenced by one's personality and situational variables. This study examined the influence of age and culture on the perceived causes of loneliness. One thousand, three hundred and forty-seven Canadian and Portuguese participants from all walks of life volunteered to answer an 82-item yes/no questionnaire reflecting on the causes of their loneliness. The questionnaire used in this study is composed of the factors that describe causes of loneliness: Personal inadequacies, Developmental deficits, Unfulfilling intimate relationships, Relocation/significant separations, and Social marginality. Gender differences between and within the groups were also examined. Four age groups were compared: youth (13–18 years old), young adults (19–30), adults (31–58) and the elderly (60 and older). Within and between culture and age comparisons were also done. Results indicated that the causes of loneliness are perceived differently depending on one's age and culture.
DISORDERED PERSONALITY TRAITS IN PRIMARY HEADACHES
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Tingzhong , Zhu Huanqing , Mao Fuqiang , Livesley W. John , Larstone Roseann M. , Jang Kerry L.
Published: May 2006

Previous research has shown an association between primary headaches and some extreme features of normal personality traits, however, studies of the relationship between these headaches and the disordered or abnormal personality traits are still needed. This study sought to examine
the disordered personality trait profiles in patients with migraine, tension-type headaches compared to healthy controls. Disordered personality traits were assessed using the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP; Livesley & Jackson, in press), a self-report measure of
abnormal personality function that subsumes major models of normal personality, in 41 patients with chronic headaches (CTH), 34 frequent episodic tension-type headaches (FETH) and 48 migraine without aura, as well as 37 headache-free healthy control subjects. All patient groups scored significantly
higher than healthy controls on Submissiveness, Cognitive Distortion, Identity Problems, Intimacy Problems, Social Avoidance, and Self-Harm. In addition, the migraine group scored higher on Submissiveness than did the FETH group. Our findings thus confirmed personality dysfunctions in primary
headache sufferers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN EIGHTEEN ARAB COUNTRIES: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Authors: Alansari Bader M.
Published: May 2006

To gain more understanding of the relationship between anxiety and depression, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II; Ghareek, 2000) were administrated to 9168 participants (4230 males and 4938 females) in 18 Arab
countries, their ages ranging from 18–25 years. Findings indicate that depression is positively significantly correlated with anxiety (mdn= 0.66 p< 0.01). This finding may be because anxiety and depression are often found correlated positively with depression even in nonclinical
samples. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research.
INTERETHNIC AGGRESSION AND WILLINGNESS TO HELP: JUDGMENTS OF BLACK AND WHITE VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS
Authors: Lee Anna K. , Craig-Henderson Kellina M.
Published: May 2006

This study explored the effect of ethnicity on aggression and helping behavior. Black participants and White participants each read a vignette describing an incident in which the ethnicity of the aggressor and victim were varied. Participants judged the harmfulness of the aggressor
and indicated whether they would be willing to help the victim. Results revealed significant differences in judgments of aggression and willingness to help that were associated with the ethnicity of the aggressor depicted in the vignettes, as well as with participants' own ethnicity.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATIONAL ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Chiu Su-Fen , Chen Hsiao-Lan
Published: May 2006

Despite the numerous studies on the antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), relatively few researchers have examined the effects of job characteristics on OCB. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between job characteristics and OCB and to clarify
the mediating effects of job satisfaction. Two hundred and seventy employees from 24 electronic companies participated in this study. The results show that job variety and job significance had a significant positive relationship with OCB, whereas job identity, job autonomy, job feedback and
job interdependence were not significantly related to OCB. Furthermore, job satisfaction, especially intrinsic satisfaction, was a mediating mechanism of the relationship between job variety, job significance and OCB. Finally, extrinsic satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between
job characteristics and OCB. This finding suggests that practicing managers should enrich job characteristics and place greater emphasis on enhancing employees' intrinsic satisfaction to promote employees' OCB.
GENDER AND SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL POWER
Authors: Powers Rebecca S. , Reiser Christa
Published: May 2006

Using data from undergraduates we found that financial resources, intelligence and having responsibility were important sources of social power. Consistent with traditional gender norms, women were more likely than were men to perceive social power from emotional intimacy, social skills
and parenting. Men were more likely than were women to perceive having a lot of social power due to physical strength and social status. Unexpected was that more men than women chose sexuality as a source of power. An awareness of gender stratification was found in the reports that “women
in general” do not have a lot of social power and women were more likely than were men to say that “men in general” had a lot of social power.
WHY EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS FAIL: AN INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Genovese Jeremy E. C.
Published: May 2006

Educational innovations often burst onto the scene and are widely adopted. Later they are abandoned in frustration and disillusionment in favor of some new nostrum. In this paper the arguement is that this problem is rooted in the failure of researchers to control for important individual difference variables, such as personality. Two educational movements are examined. One, operant instruction, was popular in the past but is currently out of fashion. The other, cooperative learning, is a current favorite of many educators. Cooperative learning has been widely embraced as a superior teaching method, but a note of caution is sounded and it is suggested that because most educational research does not control for individual differences sweeping conclusions about the universal superiority of any instructional innovation must be suspect.
EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN TURKISH COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Karagözoğlu Cengiz , Masten William G. , Baloğlu Mustafa
Published: May 2006

The relationship between the constructs of depression and anxiety were examined with 443 Turkish college students. Significant correlations were found. Factor analyses computed with state and trait anxiety, as defined as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch,
& Lushene, 1970) and depression, as defined as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck & Steer, 1993) supported the notion that anxiety and depression may be two different psychological constructs; however the distinction was not clearcut. The results showed bidimensional structures
for both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Relationships indicate that the BDI-II is measuring trait depression. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies.
ACQUAINTANCE RAPE, EGO-IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT, AND LOCUS OF CONTROL
Authors: McEwan Siobhan L. , Man Anton F. de , Housley Paul Simpson
Published: May 2006

One hundred and thirteen women participated in a study of the relationship between acquaintance rape, ego-identity achievement, and locus of control. Results showed that, compared to women who had not been assaulted, survivors of acquaintance rape reported lower ego-identity achievement
and greater beliefs that the outcomes of their lives were controlled by luck, chance, or powerful others. It was further found that the relationships between acquaintance rape and the respective forms of external locus of control (Chance and Powerful Others) were mediated by level of ego-identity
achievement.
RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR: PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK MODELS WITH TURKISH ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Terzi-Unsal Sevim , Kapci Emine Gul
Published: May 2006

This study aimed to test three different suicide models for adolescents residing in a Turkish City, Batman. A total of 605 adolescents from five different high schools participated in this study (M=411, F=190, sex of 4 participants not recorded). A Psychosocial Variables Form (developed for this study), the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (Offer, Ostrov, Howard, & Dolan, 1989, adapted by Sahin 1993), the Adolescence Life Events Questionnaire (Kapci & Terzi-Unsal, 2001), the Piers-Harris Self-Worth Scale for Children (Harris & Piers, 1969, adapted by Catakli & Oner, 1996), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (Linehan & Nielsen, 1981, adapted by Bayam, Dilbaz, Bitlis, Holat, & Tuzer, 1995), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974, adapted by Durak, 1994), the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (Dilbaz, Holat, Bayam, Tuzer, & Bitlis, 1995), the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1992, adapted by Sabin & Durak, 1994) and the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (Zimmet, Dahlen, Zimmet, & Farley, 1998, adapted by Eker & Arkar, 1995) were utilized. The data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling. The findings suggest that adolescent life events, psychosocial variables, social support and self-image are secondary risk factors for adolescent suicides, predicting self-worth, psychological health and hopelessness. These variables, in turn, predicted suicide ideation – identified as a primary risk factor – that predicted suicide behaviors. The results are discussed in the context of primary-secondary risk factors for adolescent suicides.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE WORKAHOLISM BATTERY (Work-BAT): TURKISH FORM
Authors: Ersoy-Kart Müge
Published: May 2006

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Workaholism Battery (Spence & Robbins, 1992). The original scale was translated into Turkish and then administered to 175 working graduates. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 2-factor
solution with 9 items established in the first factor (WE) and 11 in the second (D). The reliability coefficient of the new shortened scale was .83 and the split-half reliability coefficient was .69. This scale has adequate criterion-related validity, with a positive correlation between the
Jenkins Activity Survey - Type A Behavior subscale (Jenkins, Zyzanski, & Rosenman, 1979) and both WE and D. Congruence between the findings and the literature is discussed.
DO OPTIMISM, SOCIAL NETWORK RICHNESS, AND SUBMISSIVE BEHAVIORS PREDICT WELL-BEING? STUDY WITH A TURKISH SAMPLE
Authors: Türküm Ayşe Sibel
Published: May 2006

Optimism, submissive behaviors, richness of social network and demographic variables were examined as predictors of psychological well-being among a cohort of Turkish people (N= 376) using a Turkish version (Şahin & Durak, 1994). of the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1992) a Turkish version (Aydın & Tezer, 1991, revised by Türküm, 2001) of the Life Orientation Test (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), a Turkish version (Şahin & Şahin, 1992) of the Submissive Acts Scale (Gilbert & Allan, 1994), and the Social Atom Scale (Dökmen, 1993). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that optimism, submissiveness, marital status and occupation status predict well-being. Social network richness, gender, and educational level did not contribute significantly to the variation in well-being.
ANOTHER LOOK AT HAND-WASHING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Monk-Turner Elizabeth , Edwards Donald , Broadstone Josh , Hummel Robert , Lewis Selena , Wilson Dorothy
Published: May 2006

Hand-washing behavior among students at a large regional university was observed. The authors noted how hand-washing behavior varied by race, gender, and having an observer present. Of the 410 subjects observed, most (221) were men and 232 were white. The authors expected that more
women than men would wash their hands and that few subjects would wash their hands for the time (15 seconds or more) recommended by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The data support both of these propositions.
SEXUAL PRACTICES, ATTITUDES TOWARD PREMARITAL SEX AND CONDOM USE AMONG A SAMPLE OF SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Mwaba Kelvin , Naidoo Pamela
Published: May 2006

This study sought to ascertain sexual practices and attitudes toward premarital sex and condom use among a sample of South African university students. The participants were 117 female and 36 male undergraduates whose average age was 19.7 years. Results showed that half of the participants
reported having sex in the past 12 months, with 8% indicating that they had been coerced into having sex. Although two-thirds reported that between 18 and 21 years was a good age to have sex, only 43% approved of sex before marriage. Over 80% of the participants reported
that they would refuse to have sex if their partner was unwilling to use a condom. These results suggest that South African university students may be aware of the dangers of risky sexual practices.
IMMIGRANTS AND ATTACHMENT STATUS: RESEARCH FINDINGS WITH DUTCH AND BELGIAN IMMIGRANTS IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Ecke Yolanda van , Chope Robert C. , Emmelkamp Paul M.G.
Published: May 2006

Although immigrants are an extremely diverse group, adults who emigrate nearly always experience separation from family of origin, extended family and country. This research examines state of mind with respect to attachment, using the Adult Attachment Projective (George & West,
2003; George, West, & Pettem, 1999), and compares the attachment status of adult Californians who still live near their family of origin in the area in which they were born and raised (m 12, f 18) to that of individuals who emigrated from the Netherlands and Belgium as adults to California
(m 29, f 41). The findings showed a significant relationship between being an immigrant and unresolved attachment status (n= 100, X2 =5.81, p=< 0.0160) unrelated to time in the US, reason for immigration, being married or single. Implications and limitations
of these findings are discussed.
BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY (BDI-II) ITEMS CHARACTERISTICS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF NINETEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Alansari Bader M.
Published: May 2006

An Arabic version of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in its complete form was developed by Ghareeb (2000). The BDI-II was administered to 18 Islamic groups and the English version of the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was administered to an additional
Pakistani group. Co-efficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from 19 Islamic countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco
and Pakistan (n=600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706 and 532 respectively). The corrected item-total scale correlations of the BDI-II ranged between .21 and 89, the inventory seems viable in the Arabic context. Its use in cross-cultural
studies would be suitable.
EXAMINING CLASSROOM LEARNING PREFERENCES AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Ellison Constance M. , Boykin A.Wade , Tyler Kenneth M. , Dillihunt Monica L.
Published: May 2006

The purpose of this study was to further determine the classroom learning preferences of elementary school students. A measure of cooperative, competitive and individualistic learning preferences (The Social Interdependence Scales, Johnson, & Norem-Hebeisen, 1979), was administered
to 138 5th and 6th graders (66 African American and 72 White) attending a school in a low-income community. Results indicated that overall, participants preferred cooperative learning to competitive and individualistic learning. However, African American students reported significantly higher
preferences for cooperative learning than did their White counterparts, while the reverse was true for individualistic and competitive learning. Implications and relevance for classroom practices are discussed. It is also argued that future research should include repeated testing of learning
preferences and expansion of the work across a wide age range.
THE AFFECTIVE PERSONALITY: ITS RELATION TO QUALITY OF SLEEP, WELL-BEING AND STRESS
Authors: Norlander Torsten , Johansson Åsa , Bood Sven Åke
Published: May 2006

The aim of this study was to assess whether or not there is an association between different types of affective personality and sleep quality. Ninety-one individuals, of whom 50 were healthy and 41 were patients with stress-related problems, responded to Positive and Negative Affect
Scales (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), Sleep Quality (SQ; Gillberg, 2004), Diurnal Type Scale (DTS; Thorsvall, Åkerstedt, 1980), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD; Hermann, 1997), Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier, & Carver, 1985), Stress and Energy (SE; Kjellberg,
& Iwanowski, 1989) and sleep-related questions. Results indicated that Self-actualizing individuals (high PA and low NA) reported the best sleep quality particularly in comparison to Self-destructive individuals (low PA and high NA). Individuals with a low level of NA (Self-actualizing
and Low affective individuals) reported less stress. The High affective individuals (high PA and high NA) reported high levels of stress, high anxiety, as well as the second best quality of sleep and a high degree of optimism and energy. The results suggests that individuals who display high
positive affectivity, optimism and a high level of energy achieve a better sleep quality, and that this phenomenon may be true even when these individuals experience high levels of stress.
RELIGIOSITY, PERSONAL DISTRESS AND MINOR PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AMONG BLACK STUDENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: May 2006

The aim of the study was to examine the proposition that religiosity and the related factor, spirituality, contribute to lower personal distress among students. The sample comprised 624 students: 314 Grade 12 secondary school students and 310 third-year social science university students
in South Africa. Results indicate that the majority of the students show a high degree of religious belief and religious involvement. Some religious variables – such as being a born-again Christian and considering religion as important – were associated with decreased Perceived
Stress. Minor psychiatric morbidity as measured with the Self-reporting Questionnaire (SRQ; WHO, 1994) was positively associated with some religious beliefs and involvement, while meaning and direction in life was inversely associated with the SRQ score. All three religious coping styles were
inversely associated with perceived stress. Contrary to expectations it was found that some of the religious coping styles were positively associated with minor psychiatric morbidity, especially the depression scores of the SRQ. Findings show that some religious variables were positively associated
with mental health while others were inversely or not related, thus only partially supporting the religion-mental health link.