bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Cognition and Behavior in Epilepsy
Authors: Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Beghi Massimiliano , Provenzi Milena , Beghi Ettore
Published: November 2006

Summary:  Cognitive function is more frequently impaired in people with epilepsy than in the general population, and the degree of cognitive impairment varies according to the epilepsy syndrome. Behavioral disorders are also more frequent in people with epilepsy than in individuals who do not have epilepsy. Behavioral disturbance is observed more frequently in people with drug‐resistant epilepsy, frequent seizures, and/or associated neurological or mental abnormalities. In children and adolescents, many data suggest a close link between behavior/cognition and some specific epilepsy syndromes. For example, aspects of mood, behavior, personality, and cognition may be related to temporal lobe epilepsy or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Behavioral disorders may precede, occur with, or follow a diagnosis of epilepsy; they differ between children and adults. Predictors of behavioral disorders in children with epilepsy are the epilepsy itself, treatment, the underlying lesion, and personal reactions to epilepsy. More specifically, conditions in which behavioral disorders may be associated with epilepsy include depression, psychosis, particular personality traits, aggression, anxiety, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.
The Effects of Pulmonary Vein Isolation on the Dominant Frequency and Organization of Coronary Sinus Electrical Activity During Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: RAZAVI MEHDI , ZHANG SHULONG , DELAPASSE SCOTT , YANG DONGHUI , AI TOMOHIKO , KAR BISWAJIT , YOUNIS GEORGE , RASEKH ABDI , CHENG JIE
Published: November 2006

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been shown to suppress atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the effects of PVI on disorganization and dominant frequencies (DF) in patients with permanent AF.

Methods and results: Twenty‐eight patients with permanent AF (>6 months) who failed ≥1 antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) and ≥2 cardioversions (CV) with AF reversion <30 minutes after CV were included. PVI and isolation of DFs in pulmonary veins (PVs) was performed during AF. Fast Fourier transformations of atrial electrograms were performed. Disorganization index (DI) was defined as the percentage of time spent in type III AF during 1‐minute continuous recordings. The temporal stability and reproducibility of DIs from the same sites were verified over time prior to ablation. Highly disorganized AF activity concentrated in the posterior left atrium (PLA) including sites at the left atrial (PV‐LA) junction (55.7% of sites in PLA, 32.9% in septum, and 11.4% in other sites). DF and DI from the coronary sinus (CS) before and after PVI were analyzed. PVI reduced the DI (14.3 ± 25.0% before PVI vs 4.6 ± 8.6% after PVI; P < 0.02). There was significant reduction of DI in 26 of 28 patients. The DF remained unchanged (5.6 ± 1.3 Hz before PVI vs 5.9 ± 0.9 Hz after PVI; P = 0.31). After a follow‐up of 30 ± 11 months, 15 (54%) of patients are free of symptomatic AF, 3 (10%) in sinus rhythm on AAD, 5 (18%) with paroxysmal AF, 4 (14%) in chronic AF, and 1 (4%) with atypical flutter.

Conclusions: In the vast majority of patients with chronic AF, PVI reduces AF disorganization without affecting the DF as measured in the CS.
Pacemaker Contact Dermatitis: The Effective Use of a Polytetrafluoroethylene Sheet
Authors: ISHII KENSUKE , KODANI EITARO , MIYAMOTO SHINJIRO , OTSUKA TOSHIAKI , HOSONE MASARU , OGATA KEN‐ICHI , SATO WATARU , MATSUMOTO SHIN , TADERA TAKESHI , IBUKI CHIKAO , KUSAMA YOSHIKI , ATARASHI HIROTSUGU
Published: November 2006

A 52‐year‐old man with Down's syndrome was implanted with a DDDR pacemaker for advanced atrioventricular block. He was admitted with development of skin eczema and partial exposure of the generator 1 year after reimplantation. There was no evidence of infection on laboratory data. A skin patch test was positive for the metal of the generator (purity 99.9% titanium) after 72 hours. These findings indicated pacemaker contact dermatitis. After the patient was reimplanted with a pacemaker wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, there has been no recurrence of the contact dermatitis during a follow‐up period of 3 years.
Mechanical Design for Accommodating Thermal Expansion Mismatch in Multilayer Coatings for Environmental Protection at Ultrahigh Temperatures
Authors: Bai Jie , Maute Kurt , Shah Sandeep R. , Raj Rishi
Published: November 2006

The design of coatings is like designing a system. Every coating has one or more specific functions that determine the choice of materials, and its architecture. In the case of environmental barrier coatings the topcoat must be chemically inert to the atmosphere. In high‐temperature applications the stresses arising from thermal expansion mismatch between the topcoat and the substrate must be ameliorated. In this article we consider the design of an intermediate layer of a multilayer coating system with the explicit objective of managing thermal expansion difference between the topcoat and the substrate. The design is based upon a columnar architecture where the columns serve as flexible beams to accommodate relative displacement without fracture. The value of the maximum stresses in the beam and in the topcoat are calculated and used to develop a map with fail and safe regimes. The safe region is defined by the prevention of fracture in the beams, since their fracture would precipitate delamination of the topcoat. As a rule of thumb the topcoat thickness should be less than the width of the columns for safe operation (this condition changes somewhat with the aspect ratio of the columns). A larger aspect ratio of the columns also promotes safe design. We further consider how the tractions induced by the thermal stresses on the surface of the substrate may influence the intrinsic fracture strength of the substrate. The stresses in the coating are predicted to have an insignificant effect on the intrinsic fracture strength of the substrate.
AC Conductivity and Electrical Modulus Studies on Lithium Vanadophosphate Glasses
Authors: Muralidharan P. , Nallamuthu N. , Prakash I. , Satyanarayana N. , Venkateswarlu M.
Published: November 2006

The lithium vanadophosphate (LVP) glasses were synthesized through a conventional melt quench method for various modifier (m) to formers (f) ratios (m/f) [m%Li2O/f%{0.3V2O5+0.7P2O5}, where them/f=0.43, 0.66, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.63]. Nature, structure, and glass transitionTgtemperature for the prepared LVP samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, and DSC techniques, respectively. Impedance measurements were made for the variousm/fratios of LVP glasses at 423 K and above temperatures. The bulk conductivity (σ) and the activation energy (Ea) for the LVP glass samples were calculated, respectively, from the analyzed impedance data of the variousm/fratios measured at different temperatures, using Boukamp equivalent circuit software. The best conducting [σ=4.83 × 10−8S/cm at 423 K]m/fratio of LVP was found to be 60%Li2O–40% [0.3V2O5+0.7P2O5] and its activation energy (Ea)=0.59 eV. AC conductivity was calculated from the impedance data and analyzed using Jonscher's power law for variousm/fratios of the LVP glasses at different temperatures. The power law exponents, evaluated from AC conductivity of the LVP glasses, exhibited a non‐linear behavior with temperatures. Kohlrausch–William–Watts stretched exponential function was used to fit the calculated modulus data and ion relaxation behavior was studied for the LVP glasses.
Friedrich Nietzsche's mental illness – general paralysis of the insane vs. frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Orth M. , Trimble M. R.
Published: November 2006

Objective:  For a long time it was thought that Nietzsche suffered from general paralysis of the insane (GPI). However, this diagnosis has been questioned recently, and alternative diagnoses have been proposed.

Method:  We have charted Friedrich Nietzsche's final fatal illness, and viewed the differential diagnosis in the light of recent neurological understandings of dementia syndromes.

Results:  It is unclear that Nietzsche ever had syphilis. He lacked progressive motor and other neurological features of a progressive syphilitic central nervous system (CNS) infection and lived at least 12 years following the onset of his CNS signs, which would be extremely rare for patients with untreated GPI. Finally, his flourish of productivity in 1888 would be quite uncharacteristic of GPI, but in keeping with reports of burgeoning creativity at some point in the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Conclusion:  We suggest that Nietzsche did not have GPI, but died from a chronic dementia, namely FTD.
Cost–utility of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression in primary care in Catalonia
Authors: Serrano‐Blanco A. , Pinto‐Meza A. , Suárez D. , Peñarrubia M. T. , Haro J. M. ,   the ETAPS Group (Efectivitat del Tractament antidepressiu en Atenció Primària de Salut)
Published: November 2006

Objective: To determine the cost–utility of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treating depressive disorders prescribed in primary care (PC).

Method: A total of 301 participants beginning antidepressant treatment with an SSRI were enrolled in a prospective 6‐month follow‐up naturalistic study. Incremental cost–utility ratios (ICUR) were obtained for several comparisons among different SSRIs. To address uncertainty in the ICUR's sampling distribution, non‐parametric bootstrapping was carried out.

Results: Taking into account adjusted total costs and incremental quality of life gained, fluoxetine dominated paroxetine and citalopram with 63.4% and 79.3% of the bootstrap replications in the dominance quadrant, respectively. Additionally, fluoxetine was cost‐effective over sertraline with 83.4% of the bootstrap replications below the threshold of 33,936 US$/quality‐adjusted life year (30,000 €/QALY).

Conclusion: Fluoxetine seems to be a better cost–utility SSRI option for treating depressive disorders in PC.
Modeling of the buccal and lingual bone walls of fresh extraction sites following implant installation
Authors: Araújo Mauricio G. , Wennström Jan L. , Lindhe Jan
Published: November 2006

Objective: To determine whether the reduction of the alveolar ridge that occurs following tooth extraction and implant placement is influenced by the size of the hard tissue walls of the socket.

Material and methods: Six beagle dogs were used. The third premolar and first molar in both quadrants of the mandible were used. Mucoperiostal flaps were elevated and the distal roots were removed. Implants were installed in the fresh extraction socket in one side of the mandible. The flaps were replaced to allow a semi‐submerged healing. The procedure was repeated in the contra later side of the mandible after 2 months. The animals were sacrificed 1 month after the final implant installation. The mandibles were dissected, and each implant site was removed and processed for ground sectioning.

Results: Marked hard tissue alterations occurred during healing following tooth extraction and implant installation in the socket. The marginal gap that was present between the implant and the walls of the socket at implantation disappeared as a result of bone fill and resorption of the bone crest. The modeling in the marginal defect region was accompanied by marked attenuation of the dimensions of both the delicate buccal and the wider lingual bone wall. Bone loss at molar sites was more pronounced than at the premolar locations.

Conclusion: Implant placement failed to preserve the hard tissue dimension of the ridge following tooth extraction. The buccal as well as the lingual bone walls were resorbed. At the buccal aspect, this resulted in some marginal loss of osseointegration.
Exploring factors that influence child use of dental services and toothbrushing in New Zealand
Authors: Jamieson Lisa M. , Koopu Pauline I.
Published: November 2006

Abstract –  Objectives:  To explore factors contributing to dental service use and toothbrushing among Mäori, Pacific and New Zealand European or Other (NZEO) children in New Zealand.

Methods:  Data were obtained from the 2002 National Child Nutrition Survey. Models representing demographic, socio‐economic status (SES), lifestyle, dietary, food security and oral health paradigms were tested using logistic regression.

Results:  Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to not attend for dental care (OR: 1.99 and 2.05 respectively) than NZEO children when age, sex and time lived in New Zealand were accounted for. The addition of household (OR: 1.93 and 2.05 respectively) or lifestyle (OR: 1.95 and 1.81 respectively) factors resulted in minimal OR changes for Mäori or Pacific child dental attendance, whereas addition of dietary (OR: 1.44 and 1.23 respectively) and food security (OR: 1.43 and 1.32 respectively) items reduced the ORs of Mäori and Pacific child dental attendance so they no longer differed significantly to NZEO children. Addition of dental factors increased the ORs of Mäori and Pacific children not utilizing dental services compared with NZEO children (OR: 2.30 and 2.13 respectively). Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to not brush teeth (OR: 3.86 and 1.49 respectively) than NZEO children when age, sex and time lived in New Zealand were accounted for. Addition of dietary factors resulted in a 36% OR reduction of Mäori children not brushing (OR: 2.57), while addition of household SES (OR: 1.06), lifestyle (OR: 1.14), dietary (OR: 0.71) or food security factors (OR: 1.19) reduced the ORs of Pacific children so they were no longer significantly different to NZEO children.

Conclusions:  Mäori and Pacific children were more likely to have not received dental care (variance largely explained by dietary and food security factors) and Mäori children were more likely to not brush their teeth (variance largely explained by dietary items) than NZEO children.
Secular trends of dental status in five 70‐year‐old cohorts between 1971 and 2001
Authors: Österberg Tor , Johanson Cecilia , Sundh Valter , Steen Bertil , Birkhed Dowen
Published: November 2006

Abstract –  Objective:  The aims of this study, which are part of the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden (H70), were to describe cohort differences and trends in dental status and utilization of dental care in 70‐year‐olds. The study is based on five cohorts examined in 1971/72, 1976/77, 1981/82, 1992/93 and 2000/01 (called cohort I, II, III, V and VI, respectively). The total number of participants was 2290 and varied between 386 and 583 in the different cohorts. The proportion of dentate 70‐year‐olds changed gradually from 49% in the first to 93% in the last cohort. The mean number of teeth in the dentate 70‐year‐olds was 14 in cohort I and 21 in cohort VI. The proportion of subjects with 20 or more teeth changed from 13% in cohort I, to 20% in cohort III, and to 65% in cohort VI. In cohort I, 76% of the 70‐year‐olds had some kind of removable denture; 37% in cohort III, but only 17% in cohort VI. About 20% of all 70‐year‐olds in cohort I reported regular yearly visits to a dentist. The corresponding figures in cohort III and cohort VI were 50% and 80%, respectively. Even though positive cohort trends were observed in all studied subgroups, factors such as low education, smoking, being un‐married, having high waist circumference and being physically inactive were negatively associated with dental status at the end of the study period as well as at the beginning.
Natural killer cells and malaria
Authors: Roetynck Sophie , Baratin Myriam , Johansson Sofia , Lemmers Céline , Vivier Eric , Ugolini Sophie
Published: November 2006

Summary:  Malaria, caused by the infection with parasites of the germs Plasmodium, is one of the three most important infectious diseases worldwide, along with tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes classically involved in the early defense against viral infections and intracytoplasmic bacterial infections and are also implicated during the course of tumor development and allogeneic transplantation. These cells display important cytotoxic activity and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In both mouse and human models of malaria, NK cells appear to be a major source of interferon‐γ during the early phase of infection. In humans, indirect signaling through monocytes/macrophages required to optimally stimulate NK cell activity. However, the in vivo functions of NK cells during malaria are still enigmatic, and many issues remain to be dissected, such as the molecular basis of the direct recognition of iRBCs by NK cells.
Physiological roles of murine DAP10 adapter protein in tumor immunity and autoimmunity
Authors: Hyka‐Nouspikel Nevila , Phillips Joseph H.
Published: November 2006

Summary:  The immune system has evolved to tolerate what is self and reject what is foreign. The recognition of self from non‐self is performed by activating and inhibitory receptors, which signal immune cells via adapter molecules, determining the outcome of the immune response. DAP10, a transmembrane adapter protein expressed broadly in hematopoietic cells, associates with NKG2D activating receptor forming a multisubunit complex, which recognizes self‐proteins upregulated during tumorigenesis, infection, and autoimmune response. Analysis of immune reactions against syngeneic tumors, as well as autoimmune responses in the DAP10‐deficient mice, revealed an important physiological role of DAP10 signaling in maintaining tolerance to self, probably by controlling the development and activation threshold of autoreactive T cells.
DAP12: an adapter protein with dual functionality
Authors: Takaki Rayna , Watson Susan R. , Lanier Lewis L.
Published: November 2006

Summary:  Expressed predominantly on myeloid and natural killer (NK) cells, DAP12 is an adapter protein that can associate with a variety of receptors. To date, DAP12 has predominantly been characterized as an adapter protein that activates various myeloid and NK cell effector functions; however, recent findings have demonstrated that DAP12 can also inhibit myeloid functions. Here we review the dual functionality of DAP12 and present evidence that DAP12 can suppress as well as activate NK cells.
8‐methoxypsoralen cream plus targeted narrowband ultraviolet B for psoriasis
Authors: Amornpinyokeit Noppadol , Asawanonda Pravit
Published: November 2006

Background: Targeted ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy is a recent addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of localized psoriasis. Topical psoralens enhance the therapeutic effects of UV‐based treatment for various dermatoses, but have never been used in conjunction with targeted UVB.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of targeted narrowband UVB phototherapy (NB‐UVB) alone with that of the combination of 0.1% 8‐methoxypsoralen cream and targeted NB‐UVB phototherapy (8‐MOP/NB‐UVB) for the treatment of plaque‐type psoriasis.

Methods: Two areas within the same lesion of stable psoriasis were randomized to receive either targeted NB‐UVB alone or 8‐MOP/NB‐UVB. Fluences of UVB delivered were held constant at four minimal erythema doses. The treatments were continued until lesions cleared or 12 treatments. Follow‐ups were done until lesional scores returned to 50% of the baseline values.

Results: Ten patients completed this study. Four lesions were cleared by 8‐MOP/NB‐UVB while three were cleared by NB‐UVB alone. The improvement in disease activity as reflected by psoriasis severity index score during treatment was statistically significantly better in the combination group (P=0.005). Mean remission time of lesions which were cleared by 8‐MOP/NB‐UVB was 8 weeks while that for lesions that were cleared by NB‐UVB alone was 4.67 weeks.

Conclusion: We concluded that addition of 0.1% 8‐MOP cream to targeted narrowband UVB significantly enhances the therapeutic effects of the light treatment without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.
Topical tacalcitol and 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light: a synergistic combination for the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Lu‐yan Tang , Wen‐wen Fu , Lei‐hong Xiang , Yi Jin , Zhi‐zhong Zheng
Published: November 2006

Background/purpose: To study and compare the efficacy of combined 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light (MEL) therapy with tacalcitol vs. that of MEL 308‐nm therapy alone in treatment of vitiligo.

Methods: Thirty‐eight patients with vitiligo were enrolled in a single‐blind, within patient controlled clinical trial. Symmetrical or nearby lesions were randomly applied with either topical tacalcitol cream or vehicle. Each lesion was treated weekly with the 308‐nm MEL, for a total of 12 sessions. Patients were examined at monthly intervals. The mean number of sessions and the cumulative dosage for initial repigmentation were calculated.

Result: Thirty‐five patients were evaluated. Treatment with tacalcitol and MEL resulted in higher percentages for excellent repigmentation (25.7%) compared with vehicle and MEL (5.7%) (P<0.05). Percentages for total response were 71.4% and 60%, respectively (P>0.05). The mean±SEM cumulative dose and number of excimer light exposures for initial repigmentation were, respectively, 3.93±0.59 J/cm2 and 4.52±0.49 at the tacalcitol side, and, respectively, 4.99±0.68 J/cm2 and 5.3±0.52 at the vehicle side (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our results have shown that concurrent topical tacalcitol potentiates the efficacy of the 308‐nm MEL in the treatment of vitiligo, and that this combination achieves earlier pigmentation with a lower total dosage.
Failure of physiologic doses of pure UVA or UVB to induce lesions in photosensitive cutaneous lupus erythematosus: implications for phototesting
Authors: Lokitz Michele L. , Billet Sara , Patel Purvisha , Kwon Eun Ji , Sayre Robert M. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Werth Victoria P.
Published: November 2006

Background: Phototesting studies in cutaneous lupus erythematosus have yielded variable results, with most trials reporting photo‐induction of lesions by both UVA and UVB in substantial numbers of patients.

Objectives: To determine the minimal erythema dose in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and controls.

Patients/methods: We phototested nine patients with SCLE and 14 skin type‐matched controls, using repetitive dosing of UVA1 and UVB, but with filters that removed most of the shorter UVC and longer infrared and visible light. In addition, DNA was isolated from anticoagulated blood to genotype the TNF‐α 308 region in each patient and control.

Results: We were unable to demonstrate a difference in minimal erythema dose (MED) between patients and controls, or any correlation of MED with either TNF genotype or systemic drug therapy for SCLE. In addition, no SCLE skin lesions were induced in the nine patients with either UVA or UVB, and one patient cleared a skin lesion after low‐dose UVA1 irradiation.

Conclusions: The potential role of wavelengths outside the UVA and UVB range in the photo‐induction of cutaneous lupus skin lesions needs to be investigated, and there is a need to standardize phototesting equipment and procedures for patients with cutaneous lupus erythematous.
Selenomethionine inhibits ultraviolet radiation‐induced p53 transactivation
Authors: Traynor Nicola J. , McKenzie Roddie C. , Beckett Geoffrey J. , Gibbs Neil K.
Published: November 2006

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages the cellular DNA of skin cells. In response, wild‐type p53 protein accumulates in irradiated cells and the stabilized and transactivated protein can then induce genes involved in cell cycle arrest in G1, or in the initiation of apoptosis. Selenium protects cells from UVB‐induced cell death and apoptosis by mechanisms which are unclear, although recent reports suggest that selenium protects against UV‐induced cell damage by inducing DNA repair enzymes and transactivating p53.

Methods: We examined whether selenomethionine could protect human skin cells from UV radiation‐induced p53 transactivation, using a pRGCΔfos‐lacZ p53‐dependent reporter construct stably transfected in an amelanotic melanoma cell line (Arn‐8) which expresses wild‐type p53. Cells were pretreated with or without selenomethionine and then irradiated with broadband UVB (∼270–350 nm); 0–30 mJ/cm2 from a Phillips TL100 W/12 lamp.

Results: The percentage of cells with transcriptionally active p53 increased dose dependently up to 20 mJ/cm2 UVB. Treatment with 50 μM selenomethionine for 24 h both pre‐ and post‐irradiation, significantly diminished p53 activation by 30–43% across the UV dose range (P=0.0085, n=5 independent experiments) and decreased UV‐induced p53 protein accumulation as assessed by Western blotting.

Conclusions: We conclude that selenomethionine inhibits broad band UVB‐induced p53 transactivation and protein accumulation and that this effect correlates with reported protective effects of selenium against UV‐induced DNA damage.
Leg stiffness modulation during exhaustive stretch‐shortening cycle exercise
Authors: Kuitunen S. , Kyröläinen H. , Avela J. , Komi P. V.
Published: November 2006

The present study examined the effects of muscle activity modulation on leg stiffness during an exhaustive stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) exercise in eight male subjects. Reaction force, electromyography (EMG) of the soleus (Sol), gastrocnemius (Ga) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles and sledge seat position were recorded during the SSC exercise, consisting of 100 maximal intermittent drop jumps followed by a continuous submaximal jumping until exhaustion, on a sledge apparatus. Metabolic loading was determined by measuring blood lactate (La). No change was found in leg stiffness during the maximal jumps, whereas the subsequent submaximal jumping induced a significant reduction by 27±12% (P<0.05). Leg stiffness was closely related to the EMG ratio between the braking and push‐off phases in Sol (r=0.81, P<0.05) and particularly in Ga (r=0.98, P<0.001) (but not in VL, r=0.64, NS) at the end of the submaximal jumping. Furthermore, the post‐exercise La was significantly associated with the EMG ratio at the end of the submaximal jumping in Sol (r=−0.88, P<0.01) and Ga (r=−0.98, P<0.001). These results indicate that activity modulation between the braking and push‐off phases in the triceps surae muscle, particularly in Ga, plays an important role in leg stiffness adjustments during fatiguing SSC exercise. It is suggested that efficient activity modulation (i.e. high EMG ratio) of the triceps surae muscle during an intensive fatiguing SSC exercise may postpone the exhaustion and development of metabolic fatigue.
A Pilot Study of Complete Edentulous Rehabilitation with Immediate Function Using a New Implant Design: Case Series
Authors: Maló Paulo , De Araújo Nobre Miguel , Petersson Ulrika , Wigren Stina
Published: November 2006

Background:  The current investigation focuses on new implant designs for increased predictability in clinically demanding situations. Microtextured implant surfaces create favorable conditions for enhanced osseointegration of dental implants compared to implants with a smooth surface, and the macroscopic implant design may influence implant stability.

Purpose:  The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical performance of a novel implant design in the rehabilitation of completely edentulous jaws and in combination with an immediate function protocol.

Materials and Methods:  Forty‐six consecutive patients received 189 study implants (NobelSpeedyTM concept implant, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting 53 full‐arch all‐acrylic prostheses (44 maxilla, 9 mandible). The majority (66%) of the reconstructions were supported by four implants, of which the two posterior implants were tilted. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed.

Results:  Two implants were lost in two patients, rendering a 1‐year cumulative clinical survival rate of 98.9%. The marginal bone level was, on average, situated 1.2 ± 0.7 mm below the implant‐abutment interface after 1 year of loading. Good soft tissue health and overall esthetic outcome was reported.

Conclusions:  The results of the present pilot study indicate that fully edentulous jaws with various types of bone can be treated with high success and good esthetics using immediately loaded implants with the presented design, and that favorable marginal bone levels can be maintained.
LIPID EVALUATION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PISTACHIO SEED FROM THE REGION OF KAIROUAN (MIDDLE OF TUNISIA)
Authors: CHAHED THOURAYA , HAMROUNI IBTISSEM , DHIFI WISSAL , MSAADA KAMEL , KCHOUK MOHAMED ELYES , MARZOUK BRAHIM
Published: November 2006

Pistachio seeds of “Mateur” variety, cultivated in the region of Kairouan (Middle of Tunisia), were characterized through their fatty acid (FA) composition. Both nonpolar and polar lipid (PL) classes were considered. Results showed predominance of oleic acid (C18:1) from the fifth week after pollination (WAP) in different lipid classes, and from the 11th WAP in the PLs, while linoleic acid (C18:2) predominated until the eighth WAP. FAs of PLs predominated (94.1%) until the 10th WAP, whereas those of triacylglycerols accounted for 91.1% in fully ripe seeds. In ripe seeds, the main FAs were C18:1, C16:0 and C18:2 with about 73, 12 and 10%, respectively. Amounts of total FAs (of total lipids) decreased from the 16th WAP, revealing the beginning of lipase activation in overripe seeds.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF RICE BRAN AT ACCELERATED STORAGE OF SUNFLOWER OIL
Authors: CHATHA SHAHZAD ALI SHAHID , HUSSAIN ABDULLAH IJAZ , BAJWA JAWAD‐UR‐REHMAN , SAGIR MUHAMMAD
Published: November 2006

The antioxidant activity of different extracts of rice bran (var. Super Kernel) prepared using a number of solvents (100% methanol, 80% methanol, 100% acetone and 80% acetone) were evaluated in sunflower oil (SFO) under accelerated storage conditions. The crude concentrated extracts of rice bran were added at 600 mg/kg into refined, bleached and deodorized SFO samples and stored under accelerated (65C) conditions for 24 days. Analyses were done every 4 days, and the extent of oxidative deterioration was followed by measurement of activity index, peroxide, p‐anisidine, and conjugated diene and triene values. The overall order of antioxidant efficacy of rice bran extracts as determined by various antioxidant assays was 80% methanolic extract, >100% methanolic extract, >80% acetone extract and >100% acetone extract. The antioxidant activity of rice bran extracts might be attributed to the presence of phenolics and high contents of tocopherol. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that extracts of the rice bran of Super Kernel, an indigenous cultivar of Pakistan, are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF COW DIET WITH RAPESEED AND CARROTS: INFLUENCE ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND CAROTENE CONTENT OF THE BUTTER FAT
Authors: SCHREINER MATTHIAS , WINDISCH WILHELM
Published: November 2006

A total of 32 Montpellier dairy cows were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including a control, supplementation with ground rapeseed, carrots and both carrot and rapeseed. This was aimed in order to improve the butter quality with regard to spreadability and color. Milk samples were drawn after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, churned and rendered to reconstitute the pure milk fat. Fat samples were analyzed for their fatty acid profiles and total carotene content. It was shown that the enrichment of carotene by feeding carrots counteracts the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids. However, a time‐dependent adaptation to high levels of both carotene and unsaturated fatty acids was observed.
MULTIPLE PREFERENCE TESTS CAN PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES*
Authors: WILKE KRISTINE D. , COCHRANE CHUN‐YEN CHANG , CHAMBERS EDGAR
Published: November 2006

Preference testing is used for a variety of reasons. Traditionally, a consumer completes one preference test. However, consumers may not be consistent in their preferences and, therefore, multiple preference tests would be necessary. This research investigated the preference responses of consumers during four preference tests on the same pair of products. Results showed that many of the consumers switched their preference through the series of four tests. Although the basic conclusion drawn from the first test or by any of the four tests was the same in this study, the overall percentages of consumers who preferred product “A” from the four tests were not always similar to one another, nor did the results of the first preference test show the degree of preference that existed for some products. Multiple preference tests may provide more information that is useful to researchers or marketers than a single preference test. Inconsistent responses should be included in data analysis to avoid distortion of preference patterns.
FLAVOR THRESHOLD AS AFFECTED BY INTERACTION AMONG THREE DAIRY‐RELATED FLAVOR COMPOUNDS*
Authors: ADHIKARI KOUSHIK , HEIN KAREN A. , ELMORE JANELLE R. , HEYMANN HILDEGARDE , WILLOTT AMY M.
Published: November 2006

The hypothesis of the present study was that the presence of one or more flavor compounds in a matrix would alter the perception (either enhance or suppress) of individual compounds as compared to a single flavor compound in a matrix. Thresholds were established for the flavor compounds (diacetyl, hexanal and δ‐decalactone) within each matrix; for each compound in the presence of a second compound; and for each compound in the presence of the remaining two compounds. An ascending order 2‐alternative forced choice test with 12 panelists was used for the evaluations. Results showed that diacetyl in water was suppressed by the presence of hexanal, but the presence of δ‐decalactone with hexanal reversed the trend. In the binary skim milk solutions diacetyl perception was enhanced, while being suppressed in the ternary solution. The perception of hexanal was enhanced in water (binary and ternary solutions). Hexanal and δ‐decalactone were suppressed in skim milk (binary and ternary solutions). δ‐Decalactone showed similar trends as hexanal in water, except that it was suppressed in the presence of diacetyl.
Opportunities for geography in the New Zealand senior secondary school in the context of current curriculum developments
Authors: Baldwin Roger , Papprill Jocelyn
Published: November 2006

Abstract:  Current curriculum developments will provide a new framework for the teaching of social sciences, including geography, in New Zealand secondary schools. This article outlines recent challenges faced by the subject, and the development and likely nature of the new curriculum. Some ways in which teachers can plan and implement innovative programmes within the framework of the existing syllabus and the new curriculum are suggested.
Trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Risk Behaviors Among High School Students—United States, 1991‐2005
Authors: Brener Nancy , Kann Laura , Lowry Richard , Wechsler Howell , Romero Lisa
Published: November 2006

Abstract: This paper examined changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related risk behaviors among high school students in the United States during 1991‐2005. Data from 8 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted during that period were analyzed. During 1991‐2005, the percentage of US high school students engaging in HIV‐related sexual risk behaviors significantly decreased. (J Sch Health. 2006;76(10):521‐524)
A Magnetic Paradox
Authors: Arndt Ebe
Published: November 2006

Two recent articles1,2 in this journal described how an air core solenoid connected to an ac power source may restore the magnetization of a bar magnet with an alternating magnetic field (see Figs. 1 and 2). Although we are quite accustomed to using a constant magnetic field in an air core solenoid to remagnetize a ferromagnet, it is puzzling that we can also use an alternating magnetic field to realign the magnetic domains of a ferromagnet. To make the puzzle even more intriguing, the very same setup may be used to degauss a TV screen; that is, the alternating magnetic field of an air core solenoid can also “scramble” the magnetic domains of a ferromagnet! Although the latter phenomenon intuitively makes more sense, we are still left with a confusing paradox: How can an alternating magnetic field align the magnetic domains in one ferromagnet and scramble the magnetic domains in another? Paradoxes like these are ideal for student investigations because they create a natural interest. In fact, since the two articles mentioned above were unable to explain the magnetic paradox, my students and I were intrigued enough to investigate the phenomenon and then try to understand it theoretically. This paper describes how we used the paradoxical phenomenon for a student investigation into nonlinear systems. In order to be successful, students should be familiar with calculus, preferably at the level of an advanced-placement class.
Getting Your Students to Speak Up
Authors: Hughes Shannon
Published: November 2006

With a major in teaching physics from Illinois State University, I began my career as a physics teacher at Barrington High School. This is my fifth year teaching there and I am currently teaching honors and AP physics B. I am lucky to find my first physics teaching job where Chris Chiaverina and Jim Hicks taught. All of my colleagues at BHS past and present are such an inspiration and offer so much support for each other. I would also like to thank Diane Riendeau for introducing me to talking chips and my department chair, Mark Gilbert, for helping me develop the idea into talking cards.
Rheological properties and foaming behavior of polypropylenes with different molecular structures
Authors: Stange Jens , Münstedt Helmut
Published: November 2006

This article investigates how rheological properties of polypropylenes with different molecular structures influence their foaming behavior. The molecular structure of the different polypropylenes is analyzed by size exclusion chromatography coupled with a light scattering detector, and by rheological means, such as the molar mass dependence of the zero shear-rate viscosity. The main focus of the rheological experiments is laid on the strain hardening and failure behavior of the melts in uniaxial elongational flow. For all linear polypropylenes investigated, a rupture of samples occurred before the maximum strain—accessible with the instrument used—was achieved. For the linear polypropylenes, a growth of the stress to rupture and the elongation at break were found with increasing molar mass, which go along with an increase of the expansion ratio in the foaming experiments. Besides the linear polypropylenes, which do not show strain hardening, several so-called high melt strength polypropylenes were investigated. It was found that the strain hardening of those polypropylenes causes not only a high melt strength, but also a more uniform sample deformation in the elongational experiments, and thus high elongations at break or even no rupture of the samples. Due to the superior homogeneity of deformation, the foams of polypropylenes, which show pronounced strain hardening at the strain rates relevant for foaming, possess higher expansion ratios than linear samples of the same melt strength. Furthermore, it was found that the foaming behavior of the polypropylenes is governed by the elongational behavior of the melts independently of the molecular constitution, which is responsible for it. This means that different molecular structures, which cause a similar elongational behavior of the melt, lead to a comparable foaming behavior.
Macaque Multimeric Soluble CD40 Ligand and GITR Ligand Constructs Are Immunostimulatory Molecules In Vitro
Authors: Stone Geoffrey W. , Barzee Suzanne , Snarsky Victoria , Spina Celsa A. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Pillai Vinod Kumar Bhaskara , Amara Rama Rao , Villinger François , Kornbluth Richard S.
Published: November 2006

CD40 ligand (CD40L) and GITR ligand (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein ligand [GITRL]) are tumor necrosis factor superfamily molecules that can be used as vaccine adjuvants. In a previous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine study in mice, we found that plasmids expressing multimeric soluble forms of trimeric CD40L (i.e., many trimers) were stronger activators of CD8+T-cell responses than were single-trimer soluble forms or the natural membrane-bound molecule. This report describes similar multimeric soluble molecules that were constructed for studies in macaques. Both two-trimer and four-trimer forms of macaque CD40L were active in B-cell proliferation assays using macaque and human cells. With human cells, four-trimer macaque GITRL costimulated CD4+T-cell proliferation and abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells on a mixed leukocyte reaction. These molecular adjuvants provide new tools for vaccine development in the simian immunodeficiency virus system and other macaque models.
Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in Human Serum
Authors: Dussart Philippe , Labeau Bhety , Lagathu Gisèle , Louis Philippe , Nunes Marcio R. T. , Rodrigues Sueli G. , Storck-Herrmann Cécile , Cesaire Raymond , Morvan Jacques , Flamand Marie , Baril Laurence
Published: November 2006

We evaluated a one-step sandwich-format microplate enzyme immunoassay for detecting dengue virus NS1 antigen (Ag) in human serum by use of Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes La Coquette, France). We collected 299 serum samples from patients with dengue disease and 50 serum samples from patients not infected with dengue virus. For the 239 serum samples from patients with acute infections testing positive by reverse transcription-PCR and/or virus isolation for one of the four dengue virus serotypes, the sensitivity of the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit was 88.7% (95% confidence interval, 84.0% to 92.4%). None of the serum samples from patients not infected with dengue virus tested positive with the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit. A diagnostic strategy combining the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag test for acute-phase sera and immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for early-convalescent-phase sera increased sensitivity only from 88.7% to 91.9%. Thus, NS1 antigen detection with the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit could be used for first-line testing for acute dengue virus infection in clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Effect of Oral Administration ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvensMDT-1 on Experimental Enterocolitis in Mice
Authors: Ohkawara Sou , Furuya Hideki , Nagashima Kousuke , Asanuma Narito , Hino Tsuneo
Published: November 2006

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensMDT-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. Oral administration of the MDT-1 strain (109CFU/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that MDT-1 mitigates bowel inflammation. The addition of MDT-1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colithat could potentially cause enterocolitis. Infection of mice withC. coli11580-3, one of the isolates inhibited by MDT-1 in vitro, resulted in diarrhea, mucosal damage, increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue, increased numbers ofC. coliin the cecum, and decreased body weight gain. However, administration of MDT-1 to mice, prior to and duringC. coliinfection, reduced these effects. These results suggest thatCampylobacter-induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by usingB. fibrisolvensas a probiotic.
The effect of suspended sediment on fertilization success in sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon
Authors: Galbraith Ryan V , MacIsaac Erland A , Macdonald J Stevenson , Farrell Anthony P
Published: November 2006

Suspended sediment is a naturally occurring part of aquatic ecosystems, and unnatural elevation of suspended sediment in streams above background concentrations is known to adversely affect Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) at different life stages. Conspicuously lacking in the literature is knowledge of the effect of suspended sediment on egg fertilization success during spawning. Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon gametes were used to investigate the impact of different concentrations of suspended sediment particles on the ability of sperm to successfully fertilize eggs. The fertilization process was simulated using a controlled-flow water flume with concentrations of suspended particles ranging from 800 to 47 000 mg·L–1. Egg fertilization success was assessed at eyed stage after incubating eggs in the streambed in the field or in artificial laboratory egg incubation (Heath) trays. Regression model analysis showed that suspended sediment concentrations reduced the percent of fertilized eggs and that reduction in successful fertilization below 80% could occur when suspended sediment levels are in excess of 9000 mg·L–1. The relationship derived herein serves as a preliminary guideline for determining the effect size of suspended sediment concentration on egg fertilization success during spawning.
How to validate a length-based model of single-species fish stock dynamics
Authors: Kristensen Kasper , Lewy Peter , Beyer Jan E
Published: November 2006

This paper validates a new length-based model of the dynamics of fish stocks or crustaceans by hierarchically testing statistical hypotheses and thereby investigating model complexity. The approach is based entirely on scientific survey data and on determination of the statistical distributions of the number of fish caught per haul in each length class. In our example, the negative binomial distribution is statistically accepted and linked to the population level through the new length-based model. The model is derived from the characteristics of continuous recruitment, individually based growth, and continuous, length-dependent mortality rates. Continuous recruitment with annually varying recruitment peaks and individually based growth was crucial for obtaining a model that could be statistically accepted. Natural mortality was estimated as well by the model. The model was applied to survey data for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic. Its simple generic nature, as well as the validation procedure, is useful in studying and understanding life history and stock dynamics.
Long-term response of daily epilimnetic temperature extrema to climate forcing
Authors: Wilhelm Susann , Hintze Thomas , Livingstone David M , Adrian Rita
Published: November 2006

Twenty years (1983–2002) of hourly summer temperature data from the epilimnion of Müggelsee, a shallow lake in northern Germany, showed a long-term increase, with the rate of increase of the daily minima (nighttime temperatures) exceeding that of the daily maxima (daytime temperatures). This does not simply reflect the long-term behaviour of air temperature, which did not exhibit a significant degree of day–night asymmetry. A sensitivity analysis based on a heat-balance model revealed that the daily extrema of the lake surface equilibrium temperature responded differently not only to shifts in air temperature, but also to shifts in wind speed, relative humidity, and cloud cover, suggesting that long-term changes in all four variables contribute to day–night asymmetry in the epilimnetic temperature. A comparison of nighttime and daytime estimates of the heat flux components into the lake indicates that the emission of long-wave radiation from the atmosphere is likely to be the main process responsible for day–night asymmetry in the epilimnetic temperature. Although this process is partially dependent on air temperature, it is also dependent on relative humidity and cloud cover. The influence of long-term changes in these additional driving variables on epilimnetic temperatures cannot therefore be neglected.