bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Surface Wind and Temperature Analyses from an Ensemble Kalman Filter and the NWS Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis System
Authors: Ancell Brian C. , Mass Clifford F. , Cook Kirby , Colman Brad
Published: June 2014

Operational, high-resolution analyses are a vital part of the National Weather Service (NWS) forecasting process. Currently, the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) system fills this need by providing hourly analyses using a two-dimensional variational assimilation scheme. While success has been shown with the RTMA, an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach should outperform the RTMA, since the EnKF utilizes purely flow-dependent covariances during assimilation. The purpose of this study is to compare surface wind and temperature analyses from an EnKF to those of the RTMA to determine the relative skill of each approach. To reveal the influence of complex terrain, comparisons are performed for both the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Midwest. As expected, EnKF analysis increments reveal structures that align with the instantaneous flow, particularly regarding the wind field, for which the EnKF produces superior analyses. The EnKF is no better than the RTMA in strongly varying terrain, which may be a result of enhanced representativeness error in such regions. In contrast, temperature analysis increments are far less sensitive to flow dependence and are similar for both the EnKF and RTMA. RTMA temperature analyses possess slightly better skill than those produced by the EnKF, likely due to sampling error within the EnKF. Similar results for wind and temperature are found when assimilating significantly more and less observations in both systems. The implications of these results for operational production of finescale analyses are discussed.
Human resources in health research institutions in sub-Saharan African countries: results of a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Kebede Derege , Zielinski Chris , Mbondji Peter Ebongue , Sanou Issa , Kouvividila Wenceslas , Lusamba-Dikassa Paul-Samson
Published: June 2014

Objective

To describe human capacity and staff movement in national health research institutions in 42 sub-Saharan African countries.

Design

A structured questionnaire was used to solicit information on governance and stewardship from health research institutions.

Setting

Eight hundred and forty-seven health research institutions in 42 sub-Saharan African countries.

Participants

Key informants from 847 health research institutions.

Main outcome measures

The availability, mix and quality of human resources in health research institutions.

Results

On average, there were 122 females employed per respondent health research institution, compared with 159 males. For researchers, the equivalent figures were nine females to 17 males. The average annual gross salary of researchers varied between US$ 12,260 for staff with 5–10 years of experience and US$ 14,772 for the institution head. Of those researchers who had joined the institution in the previous 12 months, 55% were employed on a full-time basis. Of the researchers who left the institutions in the same period, 71% had a full-time contract. Among all those who left, those who left to a non-research sector and to another country accounted for two-thirds.

Conclusions

The study revealed significant gaps in the area of human capacity development for research in Africa. The results showed a serious shortage of qualified staff engaged in health research, with a dearth of staff that held at least a master’s degree or doctoral degree. Major efforts will be required to strengthen human resource capacity, including addressing the lack of motivation or time for research on the part of existing capable staff.
Research and its governance in health research institutions in sub-Saharan African countries: results of a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Kebede Derege , Zielinski Chris , Mbondji Peter Ebongue , Sanou Issa , Kouvividila Wenceslas , Lusamba-Dikassa Paul-Samson
Published: June 2014

Objective: To describe governance and stewardship of research in health research institutions in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. Design: A structured questionnaire was used to solicit information on governance and stewardship from health research institutions. Setting: Forty-two Member States of the WHO African Region. Participants: Key informants from the respondent health research institutions in the respondent sub-Saharan African countries. Main outcome measures: Institutions’ participation in setting the national health research agenda. Institutional research priorities, scientific reviews and governance structure. Results: During the previous 12 months, the heads of 49% of respondent health research institutions participated in the setting or coordination of national research priorities. The most frequently cited priorities for contributing to or performing research were improving health programmes, producing new knowledge, influencing health policies and conducting operational research. For 78% of respondent institutions, scientific review was required for research funded directly by the institution, and for 73% of respondent institutions, scientific review was required for research not funded by the institution. However, most respondent institutions did not have written policies or guidelines, either for the scientific review of proposals (70%) or regarding conflict of interest on scientific review committees (80%). Conclusions: Some health research institutions demonstrate good practice in terms of the establishment of structures and processes for governance and stewardship, many others do not. There is a need for the strengthening of the stewardship capacity of research institutions in the Region.
Do nimble hands make for nimble lexicons? Fine motor skills predict knowledge of embodied vocabulary items
Authors: Suggate Sebastian P. , Stoeger Heidrun
Published: June 2014

Theories and research in embodied cognition postulate that cognition grounded in action enjoys a processing advantage. Extending this theory to the study of how fine motor skills (FMS) link to vocabulary development in preschool children, the authors investigated FMS and vocabulary in 76 preschoolers. Building on previous research, they hypothesized that links between FMS and vocabulary were driven by lexical items containing a greater body–object interaction (BOI). After controlling for age and part of speech (i.e., nouns vs. verbs), results indicated that FMS explained a similar amount of variance in BOI vocabulary as general vocabulary did. Mediation analyses indicated that the relation between FMS and general vocabulary was mediated by BOI vocabulary. To the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that FMS play a role in BOI vocabulary development in the preschool period.
Living up to the past? Ideological sensemaking in organizational transition
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles , Sillince John A. A. , Golant Benjamin D.
Published: June 2014

This article builds upon archival and oral-history research on organizational change at Procter & Gamble from 1930 to 2000, focusing on periods of transition. It examines historical narrative as a vehicle for ideological sensemaking by top managers. Our empirical analysis sheds light on continuities in the narratives they offer, through which the past emerges as a recurrent lever of strategic manoeuvres and re-orientations. This reveals that while organizational history is sometimes regarded as a strategic asset or intrinsic part of collective memory, it is also re-enacted as a shared heritage, implying responsibilities. Executives (re)interpret the past and author the future, maintaining the historical narrative while using interpellation to ensure ideological consistency over time. The interpellative power of rhetorical narrative helps to recast organizational members as participants in an ongoing drama. In this way executives claim their legitimate right to initiate and manage organizational transition.
Hierarchy and hybridity: Toward a Dumontian approach to contemporary cultural change
Authors: Robbins Joel , Siikala Jukka
Published: June 2014

In this introductory essay to the special issue ‘Dumont, Values, and Contemporary Cultural Change’ we argue that Dumont should be seen as an important theorist of contemporary process of cultural interaction and transformation. Although Dumont is rarely read as a scholar of the kinds of cultural changes scholars have over the last two decades tended to examine under the rubric of globalization, his extensive studies of the interaction of individualist and holist social forms represents a key resource for this kind of work. After providing a synoptic account of Dumont’s account of the roles of the values of individualism and holism in cultural change, we consider a number of ways in which the changing hierarchical relations between these values that mark so much contemporary social process can be studied ethnographically. We illustrate our general arguments with discussions of the arguments of the other articles making up this issue.
Christianity, fetishism, and the development of secular politics in Ghana: A Dumontian approach
Authors: Kallinen Timo
Published: June 2014

The paper discusses the impact of Christianity on the institutions of divine kingship and chiefship among the Asante people of Ghana during the late pre-colonial and colonial periods. The thrust of the paper is that separate categories of religion and politics emerged in Asante society as the colonial administration sought to facilitate missionary work and conversion while at the same time they supported the chiefs as the secular rulers of the country. The analysis is based on Dumont’s ideas on the differentiation of the political category and the characteristics of the modern state. Dumont’s own work on secularization focused on long-term historical developments that were markedly different from the abrupt changes described here. Nevertheless, his ideas help us significantly in comprehending the profoundness and radicality of this transformation. Additionally, the aim of the paper is to provide some historical background for understanding debates about the nature and value of traditional chieftaincy in present-day Ghana.
Mesozoic lacewings from China provide phylogenetic insight into evolution of the Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera)
Authors: Yang Qiang , Wang Yongjie , Labandeira Conrad C , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong
Published: June 2014

Background

The Kalligrammatidae are distinctive, large, conspicuous, lacewings found in Eurasia from the Middle Jurassic to mid Early Cretaceous. Because of incomplete and often inadequate fossil preservation, an absence of detailed morphology, unclear relationships, and unknown evolutionary trends, the Kalligrammatidae are poorly understood.

Results

We describe three new subfamilies, four new genera, twelve new species and four unassigned species from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan and mid Early Cretaceous Yixian Formations of China. These kalligrammatid taxa exhibit diverse morphological characters, such as mandibulate mouthparts in one major clade and siphonate mouthparts in the remaining four major clades, the presence or absence of a variety of distinctive wing markings such as stripes, wing spots and eyespots, as well as multiple major wing shapes. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the Kalligrammatidae are divided into five principal clades: Kalligrammatinae Handlirsch, 1906, Kallihemerobiinae Ren & Engel, 2008, Meioneurinae subfam. nov., Oregrammatinae subfam. nov. and Sophogrammatinae subfam. nov., each of which is accorded subfamily-level status. Our results show significant morphological and evolutionary differentiation of the Kalligrammatidae family during a 40 million-year-interval of the mid Mesozoic.

Conclusion

A new phylogeny and classification of five subfamilies and their constituent genera is proposed for the Kalligrammatidae. These diverse, yet highly specialized taxa from northeastern China suggest that eastern Eurasia likely was an important diversification center for the Kalligrammatidae. Kalligrammatids possess an extraordinary morphological breadth and panoply of adaptations during the mid-Mesozoic that highlight our conclusion that their evolutionary biology is much more complex than heretofore realized.
REGNET: mining context-specific human transcription networks using composite genomic information
Authors: Chi Sang-Mun , Seo Young-Kyo , Park Young-Kyu , Yoon Sora , Park Chan Young , Kim Yong Sung , Kim Seon-Young , Nam Dougu
Published: June 2014

Background

Genome-wide expression profiles reflect the transcriptional networks specific to the given cell context. However, most statistical models try to estimate the average connectivity of the networks from a collection of gene expression data, and are unable to characterize the context-specific transcriptional regulations. We propose an approach for mining context-specific transcription networks from a large collection of gene expression fold-change profiles and composite gene-set information.

Results

Using a composite gene-set analysis method, we combine the information of transcription factor binding sites, Gene Ontology or pathway gene sets and gene expression fold-change profiles for a variety of cell conditions. We then collected all the significant patterns and constructed a database of context-specific transcription networks for human (REGNET). As a result, context-specific roles of transcription factors as well as their functional targets are readily explored. To validate the approach, nine predicted targets of E2F1 in HeLa cells were tested using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Among them, five (Gadd45b, Dusp6, Mll5, Bmp2 and E2f3) were successfully bound by E2F1. c-JUN and the EMT transcription networks were also validated from literature.

Conclusions

REGNET is a useful tool for exploring the ternary relationships among the transcription factors, their functional targets and the corresponding cell conditions. It is able to provide useful clues for novel cell-specific transcriptional regulations. The REGNET database is available at http://mgrc.kribb.re.kr/regnet.
β-amyloid deposition is shifted to the vasculature and memory impairment is exacerbated when hyperhomocysteinemia is induced in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Sudduth Tiffany L , Weekman Erica M , Brothers Holly M , Braun Kaitlyn , Wilcock Donna M
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, it is estimated that almost half of all AD patients have significant cerebrovascular disease comorbid with their AD pathology. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular disease significantly impacts AD pathological progression.

Methods

We used a dietary model of cerebrovascular disease that relies on the induction of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is a significant clinical risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we induced HHcy in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Results

While total β-amyloid (Aβ) load is unchanged across groups, Congophilic amyloid deposition was decreased in the parenchyma and significantly increased in the vasculature as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; vascular amyloid deposition) in HHcy APP/PS1 mice. We also found that HHcy induced more microhemorrhages in the APP/PS1 mice than in the wild-type mice and that it switched the neuroinflammatory phenotype from an M2a biased state to an M1 biased state. Associated with these changes was an induction of the matrix metalloproteinase protein 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 systems. Interestingly, after 6 months of HHcy, the APP/PS1 mice were cognitively worse than wild-type HHcy mice or APP/PS1 mice, indicative of an additive effect of the cerebrovascular pathology and amyloid deposition.

Conclusions

These data show that cerebrovascular disease can significantly impact Aβ distribution in the brain, favoring vascular deposition. We predict that the presence of cerebrovascular disease with AD will have a significant impact on AD progression and the efficacy of therapeutics.
CUT: A Multicriteria Approach for Concavifiable Preferences
Authors: Argyris Nikolaos , Morton Alec , Figueira José Rui
Published: June 2014

We consider the problem of helping a decision maker (DM) choose from a set of multiattributed objects when her preferences are “concavifiable,” i.e. representable by a concave value function. We establish conditions under which preferences or preference intensities are concavifiable. We also derive a characterization for the family of concave value functions compatible with a set of such preference statements expressed by the DM. This can be used to validate dominance relations over discrete sets of alternatives and forms the basis of an interactive procedure. We report on the practical use of this procedure with several DMs for a flat-choice problem and its computational performance on a set of project-portfolio selection problem instances. The use of preference intensities is found to provide significant improvements to the performance of the procedure.
Cross-cultural validation of the Persian version of the Manual Ability Classification System for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Riyahi Azade , Rassafiani Mehdi , AkbarFahimi Nazila , Sahaf Robab , Yazdani Farzaneh
Published: June 2014

Objectives:

To determine the reliability and cross-cultural validation of the Persian translation of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods:

After the forward-backward translation procedures and investigation of face and content validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability was assessed between parents and occupational therapists using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Parents and therapists classified 100 children (4–18 years, mean age of 8.13 years, SD=3.40, 63 boys, 37 girls) with various types of CP using MACS. Additional data on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and accompanying conditions were also collected.

Findings:

The inter-rater reliability was high; the ICC was 0.96 (ranged between 0.94–0.97) among occupational therapists and parents. The ICC for the test-retest reliability was high; the ICC related to parents was 0.97 (ranged between 0.95–0.98) and the ICC related to occupational therapists was 0.97 (ranged between 0.96–0.98).

Discussion:

The Persian version of MACS is found to be valid and reliable, and is suggested to be appropriate for assessing the manual ability of children with CP within the Iranian population.
Calf cramps in a heart transplant patient during the postoperative course: a case report
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Savini Carlo , Grigioni Francesco
Published: June 2014

The aim of study was to describe a heart transplant patient who developed calf cramps postoperatively, during the recovery of early motor activities, which limited his participation in rehabilitation. The study design was a case report. A 41-year-old male with a body mass index of 29.1, suffering from familial non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, with no history of muscle disorders, underwent heart transplant The patient was given an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator as primary prevention and no significant comorbidity associated with the heart disease developed. On the second day after his discharge from the intensive care unit, the patient complained of a heavy left calf pain exacerbated by walking. On a scale of 0–10, the patient described his pain intensity as 10. Palpation of the calf muscles caused painful reaction. Manual massage of the lower limbs, emphasising the left calf, was performed. Subsequently, stretching exercises were given both in bed and in a standing position. Rapid symptom resolution was achieved, allowing the patient to continue with the postoperative recovery.
The relationship between cervical range of motion, head-repositioning accuracy, and postural stability in healthy adults
Authors: Siu Eddy Hon Kit , Tai Wing Thomas Chiu
Published: June 2014

Aims:

To investigate the inter-relationship between cervical range of motion (CROM), head-repositioning accuracy (HRA), postural stability and their correlation with age and gender in healthy adults.

Methods:

A correlational study using cross-sectional design with convenient sampling was conducted. Thirty subjects with no previous history of neck pain or injury to the cervical spine in the previous 6 months were recruited. Subjects' CROM was measured by a cervical range of motion device. HRA was measured by equipment including laser pointer, helmet, goggles and marking pens. Postural stability was assessed by Biodex Balance System.

Findings:

CROM was shown to be negatively correlated to HRA and postural stability (P<0.05) although the reliability coefficient was poor (r ranged from −0.0017 to 0.64). HRA was positively correlated to postural stability (P<0.05), yet the reliability coefficient was poor (r ranged from 0.12 to 0.41). Results also demonstrated positive correlation between age and all the variables measured (P<0.05). Gender did not show any effect on the outcome measures.

Conclusion:

HRA showed positive correlation with postural stability while CROM showed negative correlation to HRA and postural stability. All measured variables decrease with the increase of age while gender did not show any correlation with the outcome measures.
Public and private blogging during placements: perspectives of occupational therapy students
Authors: Wiid Carina , McCormack Cathy , Warren Alison , Buckley Sherrie , Cahill Mairead
Published: June 2014

Background:

Occupational therapy students complete practice education placements as part of their degree programmes. Sufficient support during these placements is vital since the transition from the classroom to clinical practice can present many challenges. Ensuring support can be difficult, given that these placements occur across a wide geographical area. Blogs were identified as a possible innovative way of providing distance support and a study was undertaken to examine the usefulness of this tool in occupational therapy practice education.

Methods:

A descriptive investigation of a private blog at Trinity College, University of Dublin, and a public blog at the University of Limerick was conducted during one practice education placement. An online survey was used to capture quantitative and qualitative data on the students' experience of blogging during practice education.

Findings:

Blogging was not found to be a useful tool for developing reflection or clinical reasoning skills by this student sample, but was found to be beneficial for peer support and learning.

Conclusions:

The research indicates the potential of using blogging as a tool for peer support and learning. Further research on its application and the use of other social media in healthcare education is required.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Brewer Sarah
Published: June 2014

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening illness. While only a few practice nurses will come across a case during their professional careers, it is a disease every nurse should be aware of. This article aims to provide the information required to answer patient's queries regarding TSS.
Protecting Our Patients
Authors: Drake Linda , Levy Louis
Published: June 2014

‘You are personally accountable for your practice and in the exercise of your professional accountability, must protect all confidential information concerning patients and clients obtained in the course of professional practice and make disclosures only with consent, where required by the order of a court or where you can justify disclosure in the wider public interest,’ (UKCC, 1996).
Back Pain:Best Practice
Authors: Varty Jason
Published: June 2014

In response to the increasing disability in low back pain sufferers a governmental initiative examined the pertinent empirical research based evidence and developed management guidelines for low back pain sufferers (CSAG report, 1994). It is the purpose of this article to highlight and explore those findings which are most pertinent to the nursing profession in assisting the overall management of patients with low back pain. The aforementioned CSAG report suspects changes in client expectation, medical management and social provision to be key factors in the increase of low back pain (LBP) disability.
Recognition and Management of RSI
Authors: McCarthy Christopher
Published: June 2014

Practice nurses can provide education and advice to help sufferers of repetitive strain injury.
Influenza QUESTIONS
Authors: Ruscoe Dorf , Arshi Harpreet
Published: June 2014

Questions to ask a patient
Long-term benefits and risks of HRT
Authors: Champion Gillian
Published: June 2014

HRT is not merely a treatment for the menopause, it has long-term implications for women's health, as Gillian Champion explains.
Ali al-Wardi and criticism of the human mind
Authors: Al-Haidari Ibrahim
Published: June 2014

Al-Wardi was influenced by the philosophical ideas that criticized the assumption that the nature of the human mind is fixed. These ideas come from his reading of Ibn Khaldun, Freud and Mannheim. He reinterpreted their ideas of the mind and applied it to Iraqi society and the Iraqi mind. He believes that human nature is egocentric and determined in most actions, motivated by the subconscious. The role of the mind is to justify human behaviour. The mind is one-sided and biased and is untrustworthy. It is only an organ that aids humans in their quest for survival. Also, the mind has a limited capacity and is surrounded by a dense rim of values, beliefs and interests. Al-Wardi launched a relentless campaign against Aristotelian logic and against reason and rationality. Despite his rational analysis, he could not free himself from the mindset he identified as a farce and did not distinguish between the productive and the instrumental mind.
A Victor’s Message
Authors: Yegül Fikret K.
Published: June 2014

Carved on the bottom molding of one of the columns of the Temple of Artemis in Sardis is an inscription that declares: “My torus and my foundation block are carved from a single block of stone. … Of all the columns I am the first to rise.” In addition, the base is fashioned as a victory wreath. The torus—decorated by horizontal laurel leaves gathered by a fluttering ribbon—and a bronze medallion glorify the column as the winner of a competition. In A Victor’s Message: The Talking Column of the Temple of Artemis at Sardis, Fikret K. Yegül analyzes this phenomenon of competitive and celebratory inscriptions and decorative carvings, in particular the message and metaphor voiced by the victorious column of Sardis, to illustrate a wide web of cultural relationships connecting the city to its proud past and auspicious future. The transformation of an architectural element into a victory wreath, which was probably influenced by the base of Trajan’s Column in Rome, is unique in Asia Minor. Equally rare, perhaps even unique, is a column speaking in the first-person singular, using an archaizing mode and message, particularly appreciated in the memory-inspired urban culture of Asia Minor during the Second Sophistic.
An Architectural Theory of Relations
Authors: Deyong Sarah
Published: June 2014

In An Architectural Theory of Relations: Sigfried Giedion and Team X, Sarah Deyong uncovers an important aspect of the theoretical framework underpinning Team X’s work: Sigfried Giedion’s philosophical orientation and aesthetic theories in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Because Giedion is often seen as an old-guard CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) member that Team X opposed, his contribution to Team X’s design method has been grossly underestimated. Deyong rectifies the link between Giedion and Team X to accomplish two goals. She casts new light on Giedion’s unique contribution to the reinvention of modern architecture at midcentury, and she offers a new interpretation of Team X’s legacy, constructed around missing pieces of the group’s intellectual history. Deyong’s evidence for this argument derives from two archival sources in particular: Giedion’s papers in the Archives of the Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture (gta Archives) in Zurich, and the unpublished transcripts of Team X meetings, housed in the Collection Het Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam.
When the Drum Speaks
Authors: Bokor Michael J. K.
Published: June 2014

This article explores the instrumentality of traditional African drums in influencing human behavior, and debunks view-points held by some critics that these drums are mere instruments for entertainment, voodoo, or rituals. It argues that as cultural artifacts, the drums are a primal symbol (a speech surrogate form qualified as drum language) used for rhetorical purposes to influence social behavior, to generate awareness, and to prompt responses for the realization of personhood and the formation of group identity. This ascription of rhetorical functionality to the African drum-dance culture provides interesting insights into the nature of rhetorical performance in the non-Western world.
Examination Reform At The Sibelius Academy From 1974-1980: Implementation And Communication Of Organizational Change
Authors: Rajala Isto , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki
Published: June 2014

This is a qualitative case study and the historical overview of the first part of examination reform process at the Sibelius Academy from 1974-1980. The purpose of the study is to discover how the act and the decision made to reform the examinations were implemented at the Sibelius Academy. The research problem was to determine the process that the examination reform followed. How was the examination reform implemented at the Sibelius Academy? How was the reform communicated? What were the reactions of the people involved when they heard of the reform? Data was gathered through interviews with 11 participants. The research method was qualitative content analyses of the interview material combined with the reflections of the writers who were former Sibelius Academy students. In the Findings, five phases of the reform process are introduced through qualitative interview material. These phases are reasons, launching, reactions, becoming committed and examination reform. This reform was going to lead the way developing the Sibelius Academy towards a status of a university in the future.
Karaoke-The Chance to be a Star
Authors: Ruismäki Heikki , Juvonen Antti , Lehtonen Kimmo
Published: June 2014

This research focuses on the experiences of people who sing karaoke and the significance they find it has in their lives. The participants (N=54) were part of the Finnish try-out competition for the 2010 Karaoke World Championship. The research explores the meaning of karaoke singing in their lives, their “star moments” and background factors. The respondents to the research questionnaire saw karaoke singing as a positive achievement. Karaoke singing produces power and relaxation, but it also means social contact. “Star moments” for singers mean being in “dialogue with the audience” and “getting the message through”. Success in competitions, feedback from the audience and applause after singing also bring enjoyment to karaoke singers.
How to Dance Harlem Shake in Finland – Creating A Video Project
Authors: Ruismäki Heikki , Ruokonen Inkeri
Published: June 2014

The purpose of the study is to introduce the video project, Harlem Shake and questions that are related to its descriptions, editing, video making and pedagogy. The presentation is divided into three parts: planning, realization and evaluation. In the study, the use of videos in an educational context is considered. Research Questions are: How was the video project, Harlem Shake created at the University of Helsinki? What factors must be taken into consideration regarding music, pictures, and marketing? What statistical data can be concluded about the video? What are the pedagogical dimensions of the video project? What kinds of information and marketing-related factors must be taken into account when making videos? The Research method is a case study research where planning, realization and evaluation of a video project are analysed. Stimulated recall is used as an actual research method. The results show that a video project requires much work, planning, implementation and evaluation. The editor devises personal solutions to artistic and other questions. There are innumerable options. The making of the video gives many kinds of opportunities and has become one part of teaching. The videos are a part of the culture of children and adolescents.
Formation of Creative Thinking by Analogical Performance in Creative Works
Authors: Shen Tsuilien , Lai Jiin-Chyuan
Published: June 2014

Analogical technique is assumed as a tool for assisting in creative problem-solving. The researchers instructed the students to perform their creative works through the creative curriculum and instruction with analogical technique. The researchers analyzed the work designers’ thinking process of awareness, observation, strategy, and reflection from the work design with creative conception by the students. The researchers found that the process of awareness and observation benefited the critical imagination of analogy, and the process of strategy and reflection benefited the design of background and conception. The findings and suggestions acquired in this research will be provided to the teaching in university as references with the creative design and monitoring learning in thinking performance.
Динаміка калусогенезу в культурі in vitro у генотипів кукурудзи зародкової плазми Ланкастер
Authors: Derkach K. V.
Published: June 2014

The ability of the maize inbred lines of the Lancaster germ plasm to maintain morphogenic potential of the callus under long cultivation has been estimated. The capability to long-term morphogenic callusogenesis is genotypically determined and longer in the Mo17/Oh43 subplasm line. The line of Oh43 subplasm may be the base for the long-continued cultivation of morphogenic calluses. Regenerated plants from the long-continued cultivated calluses were obtained. Promising inbreds for usage in biotechnology and breeding programs were identified.
Зв’язок активності висхідних шляхів із фазовим кодуванням у люмбальних відділах спинного мозку
Authors: Shugurov O. O.
Published: June 2014

We studied the relationship of discharges phase characteristics in ascending column of spinal cord (SC) and specificity of activation of neurones, which generate negative components of evoked potentials of SC. The discharges was recorded from SC at a level of a presence of dorsal column (DC), spinocervical and dorsal spinocerebellar tract in upper lumbar and thoracic segments at a stimulation of a nerve or DC. It is shown, that the phase of the discharges depends on the quantity of synaptic delays in generating chain of such signals. Thus, the phase of a signal can carry the additional information on specificity of activation of the sensory elements in CNS.
Особливості Na+/K+- ТА Н+-АТФазних активностей лімфоцитів периферичної крові жінок, хворих на рак яєчника
Authors: Yakubets O. I. , Vorobets D. Z. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: June 2014

The changes of Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase enzymatic activities of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with an ovarian carcinoma have been studied. The significant decrease of ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase enzymatic activities in patients with ovarian carcinoma in comparison with the clinically healthy women was shown.
Сезонна динаміка чисельності нематод копитних природного заповідника «Дніпровсько-Орільський»
Authors: Boіko O. O.
Published: June 2014

In the roes and wild boars inhabited the Dniprovsko-Orilskij Nature Reserve we identified nematodes’ eggs and larvae of orders Strongylida (Dictyocaulus sp., Muellerius sp., Cystocaulus sp., Protostrongylus sp., Ostertagiella sp., Globocephalus sp., Oesophagostomum sp.) and Rhabditida (Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl), S. ransomi (Scwartz)). The seasonal features in number of the ungulates’ nematodes in the environment are ascertained. It was found that females of palisade worms living in the ungulates’ airways do not release larvae in the environment from October to spring. In autumn the Rhabditida density in the environment is higher than in summer, but inversely, the number of Strongylida of alimentary canal – lower.
Оцінка стану серцево-судинної системи машиністів локомотивів
Authors: Korzhenevs’ka O. Р. , Severynovs’ka O. В.
Published: June 2014

With the help of daily monitoring of blood pressure we assessed the state of the cardiovascular system of foot-platemen of the Prydniprovsk railway Pjatykhatky Depot. Foot-platemen having the I stage of arterial hypertension demonstrated the 11–17% increase of arterial pressure during daily work. It is related to inefficient adaptation to the physical and psychoemotional overloads. With aggravation of the disease the change of arterial pressure during the work, especially night work, ismisaligned and characterised by considerable structural abnormalities of the left ventricle myocardium.
Динаміка зміни показників системи ПОЛ-АОЗ, вуглеводного та ліпідного обміну в крові експериментальних щурів при переході гострого панкреатиту у хронічну форму
Authors: Makarchuk V. A. , Ushakova G. О.
Published: June 2014

In consequence of ligation of the main duct in pancreatic tail section of male rats the acute pancreatitis had developed but it gradually turned into a chronic form. In the blood of experimental animals processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO), the state of antioxidant protection system (AOP), carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied. In rats with chronic pancreatitis the significant intensification of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of antioxidant system, hyperglycaemia, and hyperlipidaemia were found.
Зміни показників реогепатограми при збільшенні концентрації NO в організмі щурів
Authors: Sushchenko I. G. , Leshchuk О. М. , Dregval I. V. , Rudenko А. I.
Published: June 2014

Basic descriptions of the rats liver microvasculature and its prognostic significance under development of pancreatitis of different severity were determined by arheography method. Increased nitric monoxide content in the rats entails even more pronounced reduction of a tone of the liver’s great vessels. The vessels of medium and small diameter are less influenced and the reductionwasshort-term. Using the rheohepatogramme indices makes possible to determine the disturbance of liver’shaemodynamicsunderthe hepatopathy development.
Склад молока та закономірності синтезу жиру, білка та лактози у молоці корів
Authors: Tsiupko V. V. , Tsiupko V. V.
Published: June 2014

Changes in fat, protein and lactose content in cows’ milk depending on several factors were studied.  Common patterns of synthesis of the milk major components are under consideration on the basis of those changes. The syntheses of lactose and casein have no close connection. Increased milk yield during lactation dominant and its decrease in late lactation are accompanied by a noticeable change of lactose concentration in the milk. The volume of milk produced is determined by the amount of lactose synthesized in the mammary gland.
History of SIMOX Material
Authors: Izumi Katsutoshi
Published: June 2014

Watanabe and Tooi first reported on the formation of silicon oxide by oxygenion implantation into silicon in 1966. Further investigations of such oxygen-implanted oxide layers have been carried out by several workers, with the result that the oxide has equivalent isolation characteristics to those for thermally grown silicon oxide. Practical applications of the oxygen-implanted oxide to semiconductor devices have been reported by only a few workers, with a suggestion of their usefulness. Unfortunately Watanabe and Tooi's work has not been followed by additional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) studies.

In 1978 Izumi, Doken, and Ariyoshi succeeded in fabricating a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillator using a buried SiO2 layer formed by oxygenion (16O+) implantation into silicon. They named the new SOI technology “SIMOX,” which is short for separation by implanted oxygen. Since then Izumi and his research group have continued their study of SIMOX technology.
Evolution and Future Trends of SIMOX Material
Authors: Krause Steve , Anc Maria , Roitman Peter
Published: June 2014

Oxygen-implanted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material, or SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen), is another chapter in the continuing development of new material technologies for use by the semiconductor industry. Building integrated circuits (ICs) in a thin layer of crystalline silicon on a layer of silicon oxide on a silicon substrate has benefits for radiationhard, high-temperature, high-speed, low-voltage, and low-power operation, and for future device designs. Historically the first interest in SIMOX was for radiation-hard electronics for space, but the major application of interest currently is low-power, high-speed, portable electronics. Silicon-on-insulator also avoids the disadvantage of a completely different substrate such as sapphire or gallium arsenide. Formation of a buried-oxide (BOX) layer by high-energy, high-dose, oxygen ion implantation has the advantage that the ion-implant dose can be made extremely precise and extremely uniform. However the silicon and oxide layers are highly damaged after the implant, so high-temperature annealing sequences are required to restore devicequality material. In fact SIMOX process development necessitated the development of new technologies for high-dose implantation and high-temperature annealing.
Metallurgy of Quasicrystals: Alloys and Preparation
Authors: Tsai A.P.
Published: June 2014

Hundreds of new alloys have been observed to form quasicrystalline phases. Now it is clear that quasicrystals are not at all a rarity but in fact are quite common. Many quasicrystalline phases are metastable, but some are stable. The discoveries of stable quasicrystalline alloys have led to a breakthrough in the understanding of quasicrystalline structure and have established a new group of quasicrystalline materials. In this article, alloy systems that form quasicrystals and their preparation techniques are reviewed.
Mechanical Behavior of Quasicrystals
Authors: Urban Knut , Feuerbacher Michael , Wollgarten Markus
Published: June 2014

Scientists have studied the mechanical properties of quasicrystalline materials for quite some time. However the difficulty in obtaining material of reasonable quality hampered systematic investigations. The progress in materials preparation in recent years has triggered new activity in this field. Furthermore the new ternary and multicomponent alloys have demonstrated great promise for use as coatings with good wear resistance and low coefficients of sliding friction. However the physical reasons for these properties and their correlation with the particular structure of quasicrystals are still not understood. As in conventional alloys, experiments under well-defined conditions are required that can serve as a basis for understanding the intrinsic mechanical properties of quasicrystals. Such studies are now increasingly possible after the development of techniques to grow larger single quasicrystals up to a few centimeters in size directly from the melt.

Since the mechanical behavior of quasicrystalline alloys is to a great extent determined by a brittle-to-ductile transition at about 70% of the absolute melting temperature, it is useful to discuss the mechanical properties with reference to appropriately defined low-temperature and high-temperature regions.
Compaction of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Lordi Nicholas G. , Cuitino Alberto M.
Published: June 2014

It has been estimated that more than 80% of all medication doses are administered as tablets—that is, in unit dosage forms prepared by compacting powders in dies. For drugs with acceptable oral-absorption profiles, the compacted tablet is the first choice as a delivery system in drug development. Modern tablets range in size from 25 milligrams (veterinary implants) to several grams (veterinary “boluses”). The most common tablet shape is the double convex-faced disk. Shapes range from capsule to triangular forms, in many instances with bisects embossed or debossed with identification codes and company logos. Tablets may be either film- or sugar-coated, may be designed for immediate or extended release, or may be prepared as multilayer or laminated forms. In addition to oral administration, tablets may be predissolved or designed to be disintegrated in the mouth, or may be administered by injection or as suppositories. Production rates for over-the-counter products such as acetaminophen tablets can exceed three 1,000-kg batches per week, requiring high-speed multiple-station tablet presses for production. In contrast, implants—which have low-volume market requirements—must be made under aseptic conditions on special singlestation presses.
Revisiting the critical values of the Lilliefors test: towards the correct agrometeorological use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov framework
Authors: Blain Gabriel Constantino
Published: June 2014

Several studies have applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS) to verify if a particular parametric distribution can be used to assess the probability of occurrence of a given agrometeorological variable. However, when this test is applied to the same data sample from which the distribution parameters have been estimated, it leads to a high probability of failure to reject a false null hypothesis. Although the Lilliefors test had been proposed to remedy this drawback, several studies still use the KS test even when the requirement of independence between the data and the estimated parameters is not met. Aiming at stimulating the use of the Lilliefors test, we revisited the critical values of the Lilliefors test for both gamma (gam) and normal distributions, provided easy-to-use procedures capable of calculating the Lilliefors test and evaluated the performance of these two tests in correctly accepting a hypothesized distribution. The Lilliefors test was calculated by using critical values previously presented in the scientific literature (KSLcrit) and those obtained from the procedures proposed in this study (NKSLcrit). Through Monte Carlo simulations we demonstrated that the frequency of occurrence of Type I (II) errors associated with the KSLcrit may be unacceptably low (high). By using the NKSLcrit we were able to meet the significance level in all Monte Carlo experiments. The NKSLcrit also led to the lowest rate of Type II errors. Finally, we also provided polynomial equations that eliminate the need to perform statistical simulations to calculate the Lilliefors test for both gam and normal distributions.
Peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol
Authors: Melo Aniela Pilar Campos de , Seleguini Alexsander , Veloso Valquiria da Rocha Santos
Published: June 2014

O tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol (PBZ) deve ser aprimorado e tecnologias de recobrimento, como a peliculização, podem ser promissoras para aplicar uniformemente e fixar esse regulador no tegumento das sementes sem permitir um contato prejudicial ao embrião. Assim, determinaram-se os efeitos da peliculização de sementes com paclobutrazol no potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate e as suas implicações no crescimento de mudas. Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo presença e ausência do polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (0 e 150 mL kg-1 de semente) e quatro concentrações de paclobutrazol - PBZ (0, 38,5, 76,9 e 115,4 mg L-1). A interação entre os fatores (peliculização x concentrações de paclobutrazol) ocorreu somente para a variável condutividade elétrica. Independentemente da concentração, o paclobutrazol reduziu a germinação, emergência de plântulas, altura de parte aérea, área foliar e propiciou um aumento na detecção de clorofila. A peliculização não interfere na ação do paclobutrazol sobre as sementes. O paclobutrazol é eficiente no condicionamento da altura de mudas mas prejudica a germinação e o vigor de sementes.