bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Having Given her the Voice in The Penelopiad : Re-Visiting the Myth of Penelope in Homer's Odyssey
Authors: - Prof. V. Nirmala
Published: December 2024

The Penelopiad is a novella by Margaret Atwood. It was published in 2005 as part of the first set of books in the ‘Canongate Myth Series’ where contemporary authors rewrite the ancient myths. The book was translated in to 28 languages and released simultaneously around the world by 33 publishers. For Atwood, such ancient myths can still tell us living truths. "They function", she argues, as “a big map of the psyche, they are a big map of the human-ness of human beings and they layout in the various bits of themselves the full range of human desires and fears - which are in fact what drive the world. It certainly isn’t reason or logic. It is desire and fear and that’s true of even the most supposedly real of things: the stock market”. This paper intends to bring out the story of Penelope from her point of view as Atwood gives her voice to speak out which was not given in the original classic myth, Homer’s Odyssey, as it was narrated from the perspective of the male author. In this novella it can be seen how Atwood makes Penelope to speak her heart out to emphasize the plight and agony of women which had been suppressed for centuries together in the name of patriarchy.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Construction Project Management
Authors: - Sushil Mahato , - Aryan Dipak Raut , - Aryan Suraj Raut , - Jyoti Yadav , - Aakriti Lama
Published: December 2024

The construction sector occupies one of the major roles within the global economy, and 13% of world GDP currently comes from this industry. It is also expected to expand by 85%, to a value of $15.5 billion by 2030, with demand in China, the United States, and India acting as the major drives. The growth notwithstanding, the sector has been confronting serious problems with regard to arranging and disseminating large quantities of information among subcontractors, contractors, designers, clients, and other stakeholders with efficiency. Information Technology has emerged as a key enabler, thereby integrating scattered data across geographically dispersed projects, transforming the construction value chain.
Artificial Intelligence accelerates this change, and the increasing investment demonstrates the possibility of boosting workforce productivity by 40 percent and doubling economic growth rates annually by 2035. This paper discusses the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Construction Project Management (CPM) and reviews methodologies and applications that have been advanced for the improvement of efficiency and decision-making in the industry. The construction industry is bound to mark a tremendous change by the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), redefining conventional processes and opening up innovation and productivity to new heights.
A Study on the Evaluation of the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors among Rural and Urban Population
Authors: - Sahil Bashir , - Aejaz Ahmed Shah , - Abhishek Gupta , - Pankaj Kaul
Published: December 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global health concern, with varying prevalence and risk factors between rural and urban populations. Urban areas face a higher burden due to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, obesity, diabetes, and stress, despite better healthcare access. Rural populations, though traditionally at lower risk, are experiencing rising CAD rates due to increasing tobacco use, untreated hypertension, and limited access to healthcare. Addressing these disparities through lifestyle interventions in urban areas and improved healthcare infrastructure and awareness in rural regions is critical for reducing the CAD burden.
A Study on The Evaluation of The Echocardiographic Measurements in Normal Healthy Adult Population of Saharanpur District
Authors: - Firdous Ahmad Wagay , - Aejaz Ahmad Shah , - Abhishek Gupta , - Pankaj Koul
Published: December 2024

Echocardiography is a widely utilized, non-invasive imaging modality essential for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases.
Echocardiographic measurements provide detailed structural and functional insights into the heart, aiding clinicians in assessing cardiac anatomy, valve function, and hemodynamics. Key measurements include chamber dimensions, wall thickness, ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume, and diastolic function. Advanced modalities, such as Doppler imaging, enable precise evaluation of blood flow velocities and pressures, offering critical information on valvular regurgitation, stenosis, and pulmonary artery pressures.
KORPORATİV İDARƏETMƏNİN MÜƏSSİSƏNİN FƏALİYYƏTİNƏ VƏ PERFORMANSINA TƏSİRİ
Authors: Arzu Məmmədova Arzu Məmmədova
Published: December 2024

Korporativ idarəetmə, müəssisənin fəaliyyətini effektiv, şəffaf və etik qaydalara uyğun şəkildə həyata keçirməsini təmin edən bir sistemdir. Bu idarəetmə modeli, şirkətin səhmdarları, direktorlar şurası, rəhbər heyət və digər maraqlı tərəflər arasında əlaqələri, səlahiyyətləri və məsuliyyətləri tənzimləyir. Korporativ idarəetmənin əsas məqsədi, müəssisənin dəyərini artırmaq, uzunmüddətli dayanıqlılığını təmin etmək, maliyyə və hüquqi riskləri azaltmaq və səhmdarların, o cümlədən digər maraqlı tərəflərin maraqlarını qorumaqdır. Korporativ idarəetmə, şirkətlərin effektiv və şəffaf fəaliyyətini təmin etmək üçün həyata keçirilən mexanizmlər, qaydalar və prosedurları əhatə edir. Bu idarəetmə modeli müəssisənin maliyyə göstəricilərinin yaxşılaşdırılması, risklərin idarə edilməsi və səhmdarların maraqlarının qorunması məqsədini daşıyır. Korporativ idarəetmə sisteminin güclü olduğu müəssisələrdə performans göstəriciləri də yüksək olur, çünki effektiv idarəetmə, həm işçilər, həm də rəhbərl ik arasında məsuliyyətlərin aydın bölüşdürülməsini təmin edir.Müəssisənin performansına təsir edən əsas korporativ idarəetmə elementlərinə direktorlar şurasının tərkibi, idarəetmə strukturları, hesabatlılıq və şəffaflıq, daxili nəzarət sistemləri və risklərin idarə olunması daxildir. Korporativ idarəetmənin maliyyə performansına təsiri də əhəmiyyətlidir. Müəssisənin maliyyə resurslarının səmərəli idarə olunması və investisiya qərarlarının düzgün verilməsi, müəssisənin gəlirliyini və maliyyə dayanıqlığını artırır. Eyni zamanda, yaxşı idarəetmə strukturları, maliyyə məlumatlarının şəffaflığını və doğruluğunu təmin edərək investorların etibarını qazanmağa kömək edir. Effektiv korporativ idarəetmə, müəssisənin işçilərinin motivasiyasını və məhsuldarlığını artırmaq üçün tədbirlər görür. Düzgün idarəetmə strukturları və prosesləri, işçilərin peşəkar inkişafına və müəssisənin ümumi performansına müsbət təsir göstərir. Korporativ idarəetmə, müəssisənin innovasiya qabiliyyətini dəstəkləyə və yeni bazar imkanlarından yararlanmasına şərait yarada bilər. Bu, müəssisənin rəqabət üstünlüyü qazanmasına və bazar dəyişikliklərinə sürətlə uyğunlaşmasına imkan verir.
Açar sözlər: korporativ, idarəetmə, müəssisə, maliyyə, sistem.
NEFTİN TƏRKİBİNDƏN VANADİUM VƏ NİKELİN ÇIXARILMASI PERSPEKTİVLƏRİ
Authors: Bəylər Aslanov Bəylər Aslanov , Nadejda Aslanova Nadejda Aslanova , Mübarizə İbrahimli Mübarizə İbrahimli , Vahid Həmzəyev Vahid Həmzəyev
Published: December 2024

Məqalə neftin tərkibindən vanadium və nikel mikroelementlərinin çıxarılması perspektivliklərinə həsr edilmişdir. Məlum olduğu kimi Azərbaycan Respublikası neft və qaz ehtiyatları ilə zəngindir. Bu yataqlardan çıxarılan neftin tərkibində çoxlu sayda mikroelementlər vardır. Bu elementlər sırasında vanadium və nikel elementlərini qeyd etmək olar. Məqalədə vanadium haqqında qısa məlumat verilmiş, tətbiq sahələri və neftin tərkibindən çıxarılma üsulları göstərilmişdir. Bununla yanaşı, nikel haqqında qısa məlumat verilmişdir. Məqalədə Azərbaycan Respublikasında yerləşən neft-qaz yataqlarından alınan neftin tərkibində vanadiumun və nikelin miqdarı göstərilir. Məqalənin sonunda nəticələr müzakirə edilir. Bir sıra müəlliflərin tədqiqatları göstərir ki, vanadium ölkəmizin bütün neft-qaz yataqlarının Alt Pliosen qatında daha geniş yayılmışdır. Mövcud ədəbiyyatların təhlili göstərir ki, neftin tərkibində vanadiumun miqdarı onun kondisiya qiymətindən aşağıdır. Bundan başqa, nikel ölkəmizin bütün neft-qaz yataqlarının Alt və Orta pliosen qatlarında mövcuddur. Neftdə nikelin miqdarının yüksək olması, onun neftdən çıxarılma perspektivliliyini artırır. Bundan əlavə, nikel ölkəmizin bütün neft-qaz yataqlarının aşağı və orta pliosen qatlarında mövcuddur. Qeyd etmək lazımdır ki, mikroelementlərin neftin tərkibindən əldə edilməsi üsulları təkmilləşdirilir və gələcəkdə, neftin tərkibində aşağı miqdarda rast gəlinən mikroelementlərin əldə edilməsi rentabelli hesab edilə bilər.
Açar sözlər. mikroelementlər, metallar, vanadium, nikel, neft.
İNTEQRASİYA OLUNMUŞ MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRDƏ BİZNES PROSESLƏRİNİN TƏKMİLLƏŞDİRİLMƏSİ VƏ OPTİMALLAŞDIRILMASI YOLLARI
Authors: Natavan İbrahimova Natavan İbrahimova , Sadiq Quluzadə Sadiq Quluzadə
Published: December 2024

Məqalədə müasir iqtisadi sistemlərdə əsas rol oynayan inteqrasiya olunmuş müəssisələrdə biznes proseslərinin təkmilləşdirilməsi və optimallaşdırılmasının əsas yolları müəyyən olunmuşdur. Artan rəqabət və sürətlə dəyişən bazar tələbləri ilə müəssisələr bütün əməliyyatlarının səmərəliliyini artırmaq ehtiyacı ilə üzləşirlər.
Məqalədə proseslərin avtomatlaşdırılması, tədarük zəncirinin idarə edilməsinin yaxşılaşdırılması, resursların idarə edilməsi sistemlərinin (ERP) tətbiqi, daxili prosedurların standartlaşdırılması və tənzimlənməsi, proseslərin davamlı təhlili və yenidən qurulması kimi sahələr müəyyənləşdirilir. Effektivliyin monitorinqi və operativ qərarların qəbul edilməsi üçün rəqəmsal texnologiyaların və analitik metodların tətbiqi də burada mühüm yer tutur. İnteqrasiya olunmuş müəssisələrdə biznes proseslərinin optimallaşdırılması, müəlliflə görə, xərcləri əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə azalda, tapşırıqların yerinə yetirilmə müddətini azalda, eyni zamanda məhsul və ya xidmətlərin keyfiyyətini artıra bilər ki, bu da müəssisələrin uzunmüddətli perspektivdə uğurlu inkişafında mühüm amil hesab edilir.
Məqalənin sonunda proseslərinin optimallaşdırılmasına yönəlmiş diqqət, müəssisənin uzunmüddətli böyüməsi və davamlı inkişafı, dəyişikliklərə daha sürətli uyğunlaşma, resursları səmərəli idarə etməsinə və strateji hədəflərə çatmasına imkan verən aspektlərin ətraflı şərhi verilib.
Açar sözlər: inteqrasiya olunmuş müəssisələr, biznes proseslərinin təkmilləşdirilməsi, səmərəlilik və davamlılıq, optimallaşdırılma metodları, proseslərin avtomatlaşdırılması.
MARKETİNQ ANLAYIŞI VƏ ONUN STRATEGİYALARI
Authors: Sara Hüseynova Sara Hüseynova , Nurlana Tağıyeva Nurlana Tağıyeva
Published: December 2024

Marketinq strategiyası marketinq planlaşdırmasının vizual aspektidir və təşkilatın strateji dinamikasını özündə əks etdirir. Digər bir yanaşmaya görə, təşkilatın marketinq strategiyası firmanın müştərilərinin ehtiyac və istəklərini necə yerinə yetirəcəyini təsvir edir. Balducci və Marinovaya görə, marketinq strategiyası təşkilatın bazarın ehtiyac və tələblərinə uyğunlaşmaq üçün öz imkanlarından necə istifadə edəcəyinə dair plandır.
Düzgün marketinq strategiyasının təməli olaraq müəssisənin missiyasının və məqsədlərinin aydın şəkildə müəyyən edilməsi vacibdir. Bu, müəssisənin fəaliyyət istiqamətlərini və dəyərlərini göstərməklə yanaşı, uzunmüddətli inkişaf üçün əsas prioritetləri də formalaşdırır. Yaxşı seçilmiş missiya müəssisənin dəyərlərini, fəaliyyət sahələrini və hədəflərini ifadə edərək, gələcək qərarların qəbul olunmasında istiqamətləndirici rol oynayır. Əks halda, düzgün formalaşdırılmamış və ya müəssisənin məqsədlərinə uyğun olmayan missiya gələcəkdə problemlərə səbəb ola bilər. Bu, müəssisənin bazarda rəqabət aparma qabiliyyətinə mənfi təsir göstərərək, yanlış qərarlarla resursların səmərəsiz istifadə edilməsinə və hətta müəssisənin fəaliyyətinin dayanmasına gətirib çıxara bilər.
Açar sözlər: Marketinq, strategiya, müəssisə, təşkilat, marketinq strategiyası
The Relationship between Pulmonary Embolism and prone position among COVID-19 Patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City
Authors: - Alotaibi, Dhaifallah , - Alkhalidi, Abdulmajeed , - Ismaiel, Yassen , - Almodhish, Yazeed , - Althyab, Hatim , - Aldhwayan, Ibrahim , - Alanazi, Reem , - Alsubaie, Atheer , - Faisal Alshalawi
Published: December 2024

Background: Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, where is the majority of infected individuals will have mild respiratory symptoms. Prone position is used to correct ventilation-perfusion mismatch by increasing the flow of air and blood to the dorsal region of the lung lifting the weight of the heart and abdominal compartments. Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of developing pulmonary embolism (PE), which can result in one-third of severely ill COVID-19 patients who need intensive care units (ICUs) admission.
Objectives: To study the relationship between pulmonary embolism and prone position among COVID-19 patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City.
Method: 383 patients in adult critical care units enrolled to the study and were divided to control group and prone position group. CT angiography, D dimer tests, total hours of prone positioning and mortality data was collected for both groups. Non probability convenience sampling was used to select the samples. Pearson Chi square test and Fisher Exact test was used for analysis of data with significance level at 5%.
Results: A total of 383 patients enrolled to this study, 290 (75.7%) were male and 93 (24.3%) were female. 150 (43.4%) did prone position comparing to 195 (56.5%) did not do prone position. The median (IQR) in years, total hours of prone position and length of stay in ICU (in days) were 56(45,63), 20.5(8.5, 48) and 9(4, 17), respectively. Out of 150 samples with prone position only 12 (8%) had Pulmonary Embolism of which 11 (91.7%) were alive and was statistically significant with p value 0.020. Whereas in the non prone position (control) group the mortality rate was 16.7% which was higher as compared to those in prone position P= 0.236) (Table 1). Moreover, 95 (97.9) patients tested positive on the final D-dimer test acquired were expired (Statistically significant, p= 0.001) comparing to the first D-dimer result which found to be not conclusive (p= 0.142). Relation of total hours of prone position with either incidence of PE or mortality were not statistically significant (p= 0.732, p= 0.200, respectively).
Conclusion: in summary, there is a significant relationship between prone position and pulmonary embolism. Mortality rate between patients in prone position group who were diagnosed with PE was 8.3% comparing to 16.7% in non-prone group. The extra precaution during COVID pandemic prevented the possibility of testing patients for CT angiography which we believe that it is considered as a limitation of this study.
Investigative Effectiveness in the Digital Era: A Case Study of Technological Innovation at the Rokan Hilir Police Resort
Authors: Sihombing Rikky Pranata , Kusno Kusno , Siregar Ahmad Ansyari
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the extent to which implemented technological innovations enhance investigative effectiveness and identify the supporting factors and obstacles to technology adoption at the Rokan Hilir Police Resort. To achieve these objectives, this study employs a mixed-methods approach combining field research and normative legal analysis, where the collected data is analyzed qualitatively to describe the issues and address the research objectives. The findings indicate that technology implementation at the Rokan Hilir Police Resort positively impacts investigative effectiveness, particularly in terms of speed and efficiency, accountability and transparency, and inter-unit coordination. Furthermore, technology plays a crucial role in evidence management, improving data accuracy, and handling complex cases, as demonstrated in the digital theft case study. The application of investigative technology at the Rokan Hilir Police Resort aligns with the relevant legal framework in Indonesia. However, technology implementation still faces challenges such as budget limitations, lack of technological skills, and resistance to change. Nevertheless, this study finds that technological innovation at the Rokan Hilir Police Resort has contributed to increasing public trust in the police institution, suggesting that the modernization of investigations through technology adoption is a strategic step that needs continuous support and optimization.
Hepatitis de tipo autoinmune inducida por nitrofurantoina: Un reporte de caso
Authors: Garcia Gonzalez Maria Fernanda , Marroquín Mijangos Paulo Cesar , Alvarez-Meza Joselyn Aracely
Published: December 2024

Introducción: La lesión hepática inducida por fármacos tiene varios fenotipos, entre los cuales la hepatitis de tipo autoinmune es uno emergente. Este presenta marcadores serológicos y/o histológicos de hepatitis autoinmune idiopática, por lo que este fenotipo se convierte en un reto diagnóstico. Observación clínica: Paciente femenina de 24 años quien recibió tratamiento con nitrofurantoína, inicia con dolor en hipocondrio derecho e ictericia 5 días después de iniciar el tratamiento, acompañado del aumento de transaminasas, fosfatasa alcalina y bilirrubina total. En ausencia de otras causas alternativas que expliquen las anormalidades, se realizaron pruebas inmunológicas y biopsia hepática, las cuales fueron compatibles con hepatitis autoinmune. A los 5 días de tratamiento con corticoesteroides, las pruebas hepáticas disminuyen significativamente y sin recaída al descontinuar el tratamiento. Conclusión: Reconocer la lesión hepática inducida por fármacos y este emergente fenotipo es crucial, ya que, no poder diferenciar entre este y la hepatitis autoinmune idiopática, puede resultar en resultados adversos para el paciente.
Efectividad diagnóstica del electrocardiograma en cardiopatías congénitas en menores de 2 años
Authors: De León Tenaz Javier Andrés , Fernández Cifre Daniela Michele
Published: December 2024

Introducción:  Las cardiopatías congénitas tienen una alta incidencia a nivel mundial, es la principal causa de enfermedades crónicas en pediatría. Su identificación incluye sospecha clínica, la realización de estudios complementarios tal como la electrocardiografía como tamizaje y el ecocardiograma como el «estándar de oro». Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica del electrocardiograma para la detección de cardiopatías congénitas en niños menores de 2 años. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal de 146 pacientes menores de 2 años, a quienes se les realizó un electrocardiograma y ecocardiograma transtorácico para posteriormente comparar ambos resultados. Resultados: Del total de los pacientes estudiados, el 55.48 % son masculinos y el 72.6 % tenían entre 0 y 6 meses de edad. Los hallazgos electrocardiográficos fueron compatibles con persistencia del ductus arterioso (27.3 %), comunicación interventricular (12 %) y comunicación interauricular (8.7 %). Estos diagnósticos coincidieron con los observados en la ecocardiografía correspondiente. Se demostró una sensibilidad del 94 %, especificidad del 100 %, valor predictivo positivo del 100 % y valor predictivo negativo del 92.1 %. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el electrocardiograma demostró ser una prueba diagnóstica de tamizaje con una alta sensibilidad, especificidad, y adecuados valores predictivos positivo y negativo para identificar la presencia de cardiopatías congénitas en niños menores de 2 años.
Obturador protésico como tratamiento restaurador en paciente con maxilectomía superior causada por un adenoma pleomórfico
Authors: Rossal Pérez María Laura , Ivic Pérez Vladimir , Mata Mata Severino José , Hernández Rincón Sandra , Méndez Bauer María Luján
Published: December 2024

Introducción: La remoción de tumores benignos origina secuelas craneofaciales, que alteran la anatomía y las funciones del aparato estomatognático de los pacientes afectados. Objetivo: El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presentar un abordaje integral de un paciente con maxilectomía parcial superior por remoción quirúrgica de un adenoma pleomórfico, rehabilitado oralmente con un obturador protésico. Observación clínica: Un paciente masculino de 75 años se presentó a la clínica de Odontología de la UFM con un defecto postquirúrgico de 36 x 44 mm, con márgenes bien definidos, ubicado en el paladar duro y que atraviesa la unión del paladar duro y blando e invade el fondo del surco a nivel anterior. El maxilar superior fue rehabilitado mediante una prótesis removible superior con obturador protésico de acrílico y una prótesis parcial removible convencional dentomucosoportada en el maxilar inferior. Conclusión: El abordaje integral del paciente permitió el restablecimiento satisfactorio de la función, lo que aumentó significativamente el bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida del paciente.
Ungkapan Cinta dalam Suluk Kanan Nabi
Authors: Dawudi Dandy Ashghor , Nurhadi Didik , Pratita Ina Ika
Published: December 2024

Cinta adalah hakikat ketakwaan dalam beragama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedah keindahan cinta dalam gaya bahasa serta pokok pikiran yang disampaikan Allah dan Rasulullah SAW kepada seorang Badui dalam teks Suluk Kanan Nabi, puisi yang menceritakan adegan pertemuan Rasulullah dan seorang Badui di sekitar rumah. Ka'bah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Langkah yang dilakukan peneliti adalah menerjemahkan teks Suluk Kanan Nabi untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut guna mengetahui keindahan gaya bahasa dan pokok pikiran yang ingin disampaikan Allah dan Nabi kepada masyarakat Badui sebagai wakil hamba-Nya. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan ungkapan cinta yang diekspresikan dengan gaya bahasanya masing-masing oleh tokoh seorang Badui, Rasulullah Muhammad Saw dan Allah Swt.
Evaluasi Efektivitas Program Mentoring Peer-To-Peer dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Kompetensi Guru Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Elishabat Ishomuddin Lisa , Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: December 2024

Manusia adalah sumber daya terpenting dalam instansi pemerintahan, sehingga kepala sekolah harus menyiapkan strategi khusus untuk meningkatkan kualitas guru. Kurangnya motivasi dan minat belajar menjadi masalah bagi guru, namun evaluasi metode peer teaching menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri calon guru yang berkontribusi pada pengembangan kurikulum pelatihan. Jika evaluasi efektivitas program Mentoring tidak dijalankan, guru mungkin akan mengalami stagnasi dalam pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik mereka, yang dapat berdampak negatif pada kualitas pembelajaran dan motivasi siswa, serta menghambat upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program Mentoring Peer-to-Peer dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan kompetensi guru Sekolah Menengah Pertama melalui analisis deskriptif dan interpretatif, dengan data dikumpulkan dari literatur, wawancara, FGD, dan kuesioner, serta dianalisis menggunakan metode Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Mentoring Peer-to-Peer efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan kompetensi guru, dengan peran kepala sekolah dan motivasi guru sebagai faktor penting, serta praktik Mentoring yang berhasil meningkatkan tanggung jawab, disiplin, dan kerjasama di sekolah. Evaluasi data menunjukkan bahwa program Mentoring Peer-to-Peer berdampak positif pada kualitas pendidikan melalui peningkatan motivasi dan kompetensi guru.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam: Analisis Literatur terhadap Praktik dan Evaluasi di Berbagai Negara
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi , Koyyimah Dinul
Published: December 2024

Pendidikan karakter dalam kurikulum pendidikan Islam memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk nilai-nilai moral dan sosial siswa di berbagai negara. Namun, terdapat variasi signifikan dalam pendekatan dan implementasi pendidikan karakter yang mempengaruhi efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam kurikulum pendidikan Islam di Indonesia, Malaysia, Arab Saudi, dan Turki, serta menganalisis dampak dan praktik terbaik di masing-masing konteks. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kajian pustaka dengan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu, serta studi kasus dari berbagai negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tujuan pendidikan karakter yaitu membentuk individu yang memiliki integritas, tanggung jawab, dan kesadaran sosial adalah konsisten, pendekatan dan praktiknya sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks lokal. Di Indonesia, ada penekanan pada integrasi nilai-nilai integral dan nasionalisme; di Malaysia, fokus pada nilai-nilai agama dan keterampilan hidup; di Arab Saudi, integrasi dimensi keamanan intelektual; dan di Turki, pergeseran dari ajaran tradisional ke sistem pendidikan modern. Implikasi dari temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya berbagi praktik terbaik dan pengalaman antar negara untuk mengembangkan kurikulum pendidikan karakter yang lebih adaptif dan efektif secara global.
Analisis Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Terhadap Pemikiran Nurul Huda Haem tentang Cara Mengatasi Cerai Karena Istri Nusyuz
Authors: Islamuddin Amri , Maloko M. Thahir , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pemikiran Nurul Huda Haem terkait cara mengatasi cerai dikarenakan istri Nusyuz dengan menganalisis konsep Maqashid al-Syari’ah. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dengan metode analisis deskriptif terhadap sejumlah literatur pustaka yang memiliki relevansi dengan topik artikel. Nusyuz dimaknai sebagai kondisi atau situasi yang tidak nyaman dalam keluarga yang ditimbulkan oleh perilaku istri atau suami. Sederhananya, nusyuz merupakan bentuk penyimpangan dalam keluarga, hal mana terjadi ketidakpatuhan atau pembangkangan dari istri atau suami, baik dalam bentuk perkataan seperti mencela maupun dalam bentuk perbuatan seperti tidak terpenuhinya nafkah lahir dan batin. Tidak sedikit dampak dari perilaku nusyuz berujung pada perceraian dengan luka-luka fisik dan psikis. Hal ini tentu bertentangan dengan rambu-rambu syariat Islam yang mengedepankan kasih sayang dan perlindungan kehormatan manusia. Atas dasar itu, setiap perbuatan nusyuz yang terjadi haruslah disikapi dengan penuh kebijaksanaan dari setiap pasangan (suami-istri), hal mana suatu rumah tangga tentunya tidak lepas dari segala ujian (konflik) yang dapat merusak keharmonisan keluarga, termasuk perilaku nusyuz.
Eksplorasi Potensi Anak Didik dengan Menerapkan Paradigma Pembelajaran Berbasis Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Misnatun Misnatun , Shulhan Shulhan , Mumpuni Punik
Published: December 2024

Setiap anak dilahirkan dengan keunikan dan keistimewaan. Namun, tidak sedikit anak yang kehilangan minat untuk belajar dan berlatih karena guru terburu-buru mengklaim mereka sebagai anak yang bodoh dan tidak berbakat. Buruknya, klaim yang merugikan itu, juga dipercaya oleh mereka sendiri. Mereka yang masih dalam proses menemukan identitas percaya bahwa mereka tidak memiliki bakat dan tidak berguna. Akhirnya, mereka tumbuh menjadi manusia yang benar-benar 'tidak berguna'. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemikiran Howard Gardner tentang kecerdasan majemuk disertai dengan contoh implementasinya dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengeksplorasi pemikiran Howard Gardner, pencetus Sembilan kecerdasan manusia. Menurut Howard Gardner, ada sembilan kecerdasan yang dimiliki oleh manusia; kecerdasan linguistik, musikal, logis-matematis, sosial, kinestetik, visual-spasial, intrapersonal, naturalis, dan spiritual.
Validation of a modified Russian-language version of the Norwegian “Patient Experience Questionnaire”
Authors: Ionov M. V. , Dubinina E. A. , Zvartau N. E. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2024

To date, there are no specific scales in the Russian Federation for the comprehensive assessment of patient satisfaction and experience of outpatient medical care.

Objective. To validate the previously translated Norwegian "Patient Experience Questionnaire" (PEQ), a validated patientreported experience measure (PREM) for outpatients.

Materials and methods. Patients aged over 18 years were invited to complete the questionnaire within 24 h after visiting a physician by clicking on a link in the QR [quick response] code printed on the medical report. The construct, discriminant validity, and reliability of individual questions, domains, and the entire questionnaire were analyzed.

Results. A total of 452 patients (47.3% male, median age 55 [38–68] years) completed the questionnaire. Less than 18% of the responses were missing. These responses were considered "missing at random". Most patients in this cohort had higher education (67.7%), were married (58%), and were seen by a female physician (91.4%). In confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loadings of the questions were all above 0.6 units, and the reliability of each question, individual scales, and the entire questionnaire was above 0.8 units. The overall questionnaire model met all the goodness-of-fit criteria.

Conclusions. The construct and discriminant validity of the previously translated into Russian language Patient Experience Questionnaire, has been confirmed. This PREM is proposed to be used in routine clinical practice and scientific studies under the name "RuPEQ".
Anti-infective drugs as etiologic factors for Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis according to the Russian database of spontaneous reports
Authors: Terekhina E. N. , Asetskaya I. L.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with drug use. Knowledge of drug triggers is important for ADR prevention.

Objective. To study the structure of anti-infective drugs that cause the development of SJS and TEN.

Methods. We studied spontaneous reports (SRs) submitted to the Russian National Pharmacovigilance database from 01.04.2019 to 31.12.2023. SRs about the development of SJS or TEN were included. Suspected drugs in group J according to the ATC classification were analyzed.

Results. Among the 170 included SRs, anti-infectives were noted as suspects in 69, and the total number of drugs was 103. 75 drugs were antibacterial (beta-lactams were leading, n = 46), and 21 were antiviral agents.

Conclusion. In terms of the structure of anti-infective drug triggers, 72.8% were antibacterial drugs and 20.4% were antiviral agents.
Analysis of spontaneous reports from a pediatric population: Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by antibacterial drugs
Authors: Kustov Yu. O. , Terekhina E. N. , Asetskaya I. L. , Butranova O. I.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions that can be induced by drugs and are particularly severe in children.

Objective. To study the structure of antibacterial drugs (ABs) involved in the development of SJS and TEN in pediatric populations.

Methods. Retrospective pharmacoepidemiologic study of spontaneous reports (SRs) entered into the Russian National Pharmacovigilance database during the period 01.04.2019 – 31.12.2023.

Results. The majority of suspected drugs were β-lactams (76.0%), with penicillin accounting for 47.4% and cephalosporins — for 52.6%. Amphenicols (12.0%), macrolides (8.0%), and fluoroquinolones (4.0%) were less frequently reported.

Conclusion. The most common group of ABs that induce SJS and TEN in children is the group of β-lactam antibiotics.
Assessment of the level of anxiety-depressive disorders, quality of life, and therapy adherence in patients with plaque psoriasis
Authors: Khokhlov A. L. , Samarina E. I. , Lileeva E. G.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The treatment of moderate and severe psoriasis poses significant challenges in clinical practice. This article is devoted to the analysis of real-world clinical practice in the treatment of plaque psoriasis, factors causing relapses of plaque psoriasis, the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, and the assessment of the quality of life of patients with psoriasis using various systemic medications among patients who were observed in dermatovenereological dispensaries of the Central Federal District during the period 2022–2023.

Objectives. To determine the optimal drug therapy for patients with plaque psoriasis based on comprehensive pharmacoepidemiological, clinical, compliance, and medication adherence assessments.

Materials and methods. Retrospective comparative analysis of the medical records of 336 patients with plaque psoriasis (L40.0), moderate and severe. Two comparison groups: Group I — 166 patients receiving methotrexate and Group II — 170 patients receiving genetically engineered drugs. Patients were surveyed by physicians to confirm their therapy compliance. The levels of anxiety and depression were assessed using the HADS scale, and quality of life was assessed using the dermatological quality of life index — DLQI.

Results. The highest rate of adherence to therapy (>80%) was recorded in the group of patients undergoing therapy with genetically engineered drugs and who had a high level of anxiety (r=0.202, p<0.05). In the group of patients with average adherence to the applied genetic engineering therapy (30–80%), a higher level of anxiety was associated with reduced adherence to treatment (r=–0.202, p<0.05). Average adherence to methotrexate (r =–0.249, p<0.05).

Conclusions. An increased level of anxiety in patients undergoing therapy with genetically engineered drugs increased their adherence to treatment (r=0.202, p<0.05). The worse the quality of life of patients undergoing therapy with genetically engineered drugs, the less adherence.
Some features of statistical analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reporting data
Authors: Bondareva I. B. , Zyryanov S. K. , Asetskaya I. L. , Terekhina E. N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a serious issue in pharmacotherapy and a major public health concern. Safety signal detection during the post-marketing phase is one of the most important goals of drug safety surveillance. Spontaneous reporting systems (SRS) are still widely used to identify safety signals based on real-world data. Various data mining statistical methods have been developed for this purpose, and they are classified into frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Statistical methods can also be used for the analysis of patient-related risk factors (demographic characteristics, concomitant diseases or medications). Identification of patients at high ADR risk is important for personalized pharmacotherapy.

Objective. To present and review issues and features of the statistical methods for SRS data, developed by other authors and published in the literature, this tool may be useful for appropriate statistical analysis and accurate interpretation of passive surveillance data.

Methods. In this paper, we present the known and commonly used frequentist or classical methods for correct statistical analysis of spontaneous reports. These methods for signal detection and their modification for drug-host factor interaction analysis are relatively easy to understand, interpret, and compute based on the contingency 2x2 tables: reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and normal approximation test. Different approaches to the multiple comparison problem in passive safety surveillance settings were also discussed.

Results. As an example, the aforementioned methods were applied to analyze sex disparities in liver toxicity based on the spontaneous reports extracted from the Russian National Pharmacovigilance database. The tests identified drugs for which liver toxicity demonstrates significant disproportionality regarding sex compared with other AEs. The results of all statistical methods were similar.

Conclusions. Although spontaneous report databases are subject to numerous potential sources of bias and well-known limitations, these large-scale databases remain a widely used, effective, and relatively inexpensive approach for post-marketed drug surveillance. With the use of correct statistical methods, spontaneous reporting databases can provide valuable information for hypothesis generation, which should be investigated further, as well as essential data on the evaluation of risk factors and risk populations.
Cytochrome СYP2C19 gene polymorphisms and bleeding in patients treated with clopidogrel as part of dual antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kochetkov A. I. , De V. A. , Batyukina S. V. , Abdullaev Sh. P. , Tuchkova S. N. , Klepikova M. V. , Ostroumova O. D. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The advantages of using clopidogrel for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases have been demonstrated in many studies. However, the risk of clinically significant bleeding is increased when clopidogrel is used in combination with other drugs.

Objective. To investigate the possible relationship between the carriage of CYP2C19 loss-of-function and gain-of-function alleles and bleeding events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) ± atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving dual antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Materials and methods. A total of 150 patients (median age 65 [60,75;73] years) were studied, including 77 patients with CHD without AF taking clopidogrel + acetylsalicylic acid; and 73 patients with CHD and AF taking clopidogrel + rivaroxaban or apixaban. DNA samples obtained from all patients were genotyped for CYP2C19 rs4244285, rs4986893, and rs12248560. The follow-up period was 16 weeks ± 1 days. Information about bleeding events was obtained using the MCMDM-1 questionnaire.

Results. Bleeding occurred in 26 (17.3%) patients. The most common bleeding events were nosebleeds (42.3%), bruises (30.8%), and oral bleeding (26.9%). Among patients with bleeding events compared with those who did not, carriers of the rs12248560 (CYP2C19*17) TT genotype were significantly more common — 19.2% and 3.2%, respectively (p = 0.008). A similar result was obtained in the CHD group without AF (21.4% vs. 3.2%, respectively, p = 0.039). Among patients in the presence of bleeding, ultrarapid metabolizers (*17/*17) were administered significantly more frequently than those without bleeding (p=0.008).

Conclusion. Carriage of the rs12248560 (*17) TT genotype and ultrarapid metabolizers (*17/*17) phenotype were associated with hemorrhagic events in patients with ACS receiving dual antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel.
Methylation of SHOX-2, DAPK1, RAR-beta, and Mir-375 genes in hydrothorax in patients with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Pokrovskiy V. E. , Fedoseev A. N. , Smirnov V. V.
Published: December 2024

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by clinical manifestations, including proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Hydrothorax is a rare but serious complication caused by enhanced fluid exudation due to hypoalbuminemia and changes in capillary permeability. In this study, the methylation of the SHOX-2, DAPK1, RAR-beta, and mir-37 genes was assessed in 35 patients with nephrotic syndrome and hydrothorax using DNA extracted from pleural fluid and urine. Methylation was determined using real-time PCR. The PCR results showed no methylation of SHOX-2, RAR-beta, DAPK1, or Mir-375. The amplification curves show an exponential increase in the signal and a stable plateau, indicating successful DNA amplification. The absence of methylation confirmed the high specificity of the method for detecting unmethylated sequences. These results highlight the need for further research to understand the epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression and to develop new therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating DNA methylation and restoring normal gene regulation.
Features of indicators of macrohemodynamics and systemic inflammation in patients with community-acquired pneumonia combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Bisov A. S. , Pobedennaya G. P.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The clinical course, treatment approaches, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) often depend on microcirculatory disorders. The significant prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the population determines the frequency of CAP. Study of the pathogenetic basis of the combined course of CAP in individuals with GERD, incl. microcirculation systems, can target correction paths and increase the effectiveness of therapy.

Objective. To identify indicators of systemic inflammation and macrohemodynamics in patients with CAP combined with GERD.

Material and methods. A total of 123 patients were under observation, incl. with mild CAP without signs of GERD (group I) — 38, with CAP and GERD — 49 (group 2), and 36 patients with GERD without CAP — group 3. In all patients with CAP, along with traditional studies, the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined in the blood, and echocardioscopy (EchoCS) was performed to determine the end systolic (ES) and diastolic (ED) volumes of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricles (RV), blood flow velocity at the level of the pulmonary artery (Vmax PA), pressure gradients ΔPmax at the level of the tricuspid valve (TV), PA, and LV isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Control values for indicators were obtained from 34 practically healthy donors.

Results. In all patients with CAP, at the beginning of therapy, intoxication and respiratory syndromes were observed, and pneumonia was diagnosed on an X-ray. Patients in groups II and III had characteristic symptoms of GERD. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis in all patients with CAP. The initial CRP concentration in group 1 was 5.2, group 2 — 7.7, group 3 — 1.2 times higher than normal. The initial concentration of BNP in all groups did not differ from the control. By discharge, CRP levels in all patients had decreased: however, in group II, they remained higher than in healthy people (2.6 times (p < 0.05) and higher than in group I, 1.3 times (p < 0.05). Before discharge, the BNP level in group II increased by 1.2 times compared with baseline in group I, in healthy individuals, and in group III. When analyzing the EchoCS indicators in group II patients, a significant increase in the initial indicators of LV EDV and LV ESV and decrease in EF and IVRT were observed. After treatment, no significant dynamics of volume and velocity parameters were observed in patients in group II; in patients in group I, pressure gradients at the TC and PA levels remained slightly reduced.

Conclusions. An increase in CRP levels in patients with GERD characterizes low-intensity inflammation, which potentiates systemic inflammation in patients with CAP combined with GERD and is accompanied by an increase in BNP.
Bacteriophage therapy and prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications after endoscopic urologic surgery
Authors: Malova Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Given the growing antibiotic resistance of pathogens of urologic infection to antimicrobial drugs, one of the urgent problems is the search for alternative methods of antimicrobial prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications after surgical interventions, as well as an adequate therapy regimen during the postoperative period. Bacteriophage preparation is an alternative method for the treatment and prevention of infectious and inflammatory urological diseases.

Objective. To determine an effective method for preoperative antimicrobial prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications in patients with kidney stones subjected to percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNLT).

Methods. The study included 90 patients with coralloid or multiple large kidney stones who underwent PNLT. Before PNLT, all patients underwent bacteriological urinalysis in order to determine sensitivity not only to antibiotics and bacteriophage preparations. Urine sampling was performed for further microbiological cultural examination during renal pelvic puncture on the 3rd and 7th days after PNLT. Depending on the technique of perioperative prophylaxis, three groups of 30 were formed. Group 1 patients were intravenously injected with 1000 mg of ciprofloxacin throughout the operation and then intravenously dipped with 1000 mg once a day for 3–5 days. Group 2 received intramuscular cefotaxime + sulbactam (1.0+0.5) twice a day 2 h before surgery intramuscularly once. In group 3, patients received oral mycobacteriophage 40 ml polyvalent purified orally 1 h before surgery and 40 ml orally 3 times a day for 3–5 days after surgery.

Results. In all three groups, the development of infectious complications in patients was assessed: acute pyelonephritis, systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SERS) or urosepsis. No serious infectious or inflammatory complications were observed in any group during the early postoperative period. The development of CVD after PNLT was noted on the 1st–3rd postoperative day (in 26.6 %, 20 and 20 % of patients of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively). However, on the 4th–7th day after PNLT, normal blood parameters (leukocytes, rod-shaped neutrophils), temperature, and general well-being were noted.

Conclusion. The same effectiveness of different antimicrobial regimens for preventing infectious and inflammatory complications after PNLT was similar. Bacteriophage preparations are effective and can prevent infectious and inflammatory complications following PNLT. The development of CVD after PNLT on the 1st–3rd day after surgery cannot be correlated only with the antimicrobial drugs used and the method of their administration (intravenously, intramuscularly and orally). Most likely, the development of CVD is associated with operational injury.
Microbial landscape in the neonatal care intensive unit
Authors: Gorbacheva A. A. , Butranova O. I.
Published: December 2024

Improvement of the clinical outcomes of newborns with hospital-acquired infections requires microbiological monitoring to ensure timely initiation of appropriate empirical therapy. In our study we investigated the patterns of pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections in neonatal intensive care units and assessed the levels of antibiotic resistance among these pathogens. The study included 4,891 samples from newborns. Gram — positive microflora was found in 55.9% of the samples and gram-negative — in 44.1%. The antibiotic resistance profile revealed high resistance to penicillin-based antibiotics among staphylococci. Gram-negative microorganisms remained sensitive to most antibacterial drugs.