bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from the Leaves and Roots of Banana Plants (Musa sp.)
Authors: Bendangsenla  , Banik Susanta , Ao N. Tiameren , Devi Hijam Shila , Maiti C. S. , Tiaienla  , Kikon E. Lireni
Published: February 2025

In recent years, fungal endophytes are being studied extensively for their crucial role in plants growth promotion as well as their role in antagonistic activity against many plant pathogens. In the present investigation, focus was made to study fungal endophytes, to isolate and morphologically characterized and identify from the leave and roots of wild and locally cultivated bananas from the Chumoukedima district, state Nagaland, India. Altogether 58 fungal endophytes were isolated and out of these, 43 isolates were from the leave samples and 15 isolates from the root samples. Out of these, 50 isolates were from the wild banana plants (38 isolates from the leaf samples and 12 from the root samples) and 8 isolates from the cultivated banana plants (5 from the leaf samples and 3 from the root samples). Based on the morphological studies, seven isolates were identified as Penicillium sp., five isolates as Trichoderma sp., five isolates as Diaporthe sp., four isolates as Fusarium sp., three isolates as Aspergillus sp., three as Colletotrichum sp. and one each of Apiospora sp. and Botrytis sp. A total of 20 isolates were identified as Mycelia sterilia. A total of eight genera were identified that belonged to the Phylum Ascomycota.
AI Hallucinations? What About Human Hallucination?! Addressing Human Imperfection Is Needed for an Ethical AI
Authors: Tlili Ahmed , Burgos Daniel
Published: February 2025

This study discusses how the human imperfection nature, also known as the human hallucination, could contribute to or emphasize technology (generally) and Artificial Intelligence (AI, particularly) hallucination. While the ongoing debate puts more efforts on improving AI for its ethical use, a shift should be made to also cover us, humans, who are the technology designer, developer, and user. Identifying and understanding the link between human and AI hallucination will ultimately help to develop effective and safe AI-powered systems that could have some positive societal impact in the long run.
Designing Supported Nanoparticles via Synergistic Ex‐Solution and Phosphorization for Tailored Active Site Generation
Authors: Kim Jun Kyu , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Yong Beom , Koo Bonjae , Oh DongHwan , Kim Hyunseung , Kim Kyeounghak , Han Jeong Woo , Jung WooChul
Published: January 2025

Supported nanoparticles incorporating catalytically attractive nonmetal elements have gained significant attention as a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic activity in various industrial applications. This study presents an innovative one‐pot synthesis method for fabricating hybrid catalysts, which simultaneously modifies surface properties through the precipitation of nanoparticles with the concurrent incorporation of nonmetal elements. The underlying concept is to synchronize the temperature required for particle formation with that of nonmetal incorporation by adjusting the oxygen chemical potential of the host oxide. As a case study, Ir‐ and Ru‐doped WO3 are selected as the starting material, with phosphorus (P) as the representative nonmetal for surface functionalization. Notably, the hybrid catalyst, composed of amorphous (Ir,Ru)Px particles dispersed on P‐rich WO2.9 sheets, is synthesized through a single heat treatment at 500 °C, avoiding undesirable sintering of the host material. When used as a hydrogen evolution catalyst, this material exhibits outstanding mass activity, durability, compared to state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the superior performance of the hybrid catalysts attributes to improved water dissociation and favorable adsorption and desorption of key reaction intermediates. This novel synthesis strategy offers considerable potential for advancing diverse areas of heterogeneous catalysis.
Simultaneous Isotropic Omnidirectional Hypersensitive Strain Sensing and Deep Learning‐Assisted Direction Recognition in a Biomimetic Stretchable Device
Authors: Xu Muzi , Zhang Jiaqi , Dong Chaoqun , Tang Chenyu , Hu Fangxin , Malliaras George G. , Occhipinti Luigi G.
Published: January 2025

Omnidirectional strain sensing and direction recognition ability are features of the human tactile sense, essential to address the intricate and dynamic requirements of real‐world applications. Most of the current strain sensors work by converting uniaxial strain into electrical signals, which restricts their use in environments with multiaxial strain. Here, the first device with simultaneous isotropic omnidirectional hypersensitive strain sensing and direction recognition (IOHSDR) capabilities is introduced. By mimicking the human fingers from three dimensions, the IOHSDR device realizes a novel heterogeneous substrate that incorporates the involute of a circle, resulting in isotropic behavior in the radial direction and anisotropic property in the involute direction for hypersensitive strain sensing. With the assistance of a deep learning‐based model, the IOHSDR device accomplishes an impressive accuracy of 99.58% in recognizing 360° stretching directions. Additionally, it exhibits superior performance in the typical properties of stretchable strain sensors, with a gauge factor of 634.12, an ultralow detection limit of 0.01%, and outstanding durability exceeding 15 000 cycles. The demonstration of radial artery pulse and throat vibration applications highlights the IOHSDR's unique characteristics of isotropic omnidirectional sensing and precise direction detection unleashing new classes of wearable health monitoring devices.
Taming Cr(VI) Toxicity in Telescoping Quinoxaline Synthesis
Authors: Nayek Pravat , Pal Buddhadeb , Mandal Tathagata , Mal Prasenjit
Published: January 2025

We introduce a method to transform toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) into bio‐compatible trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) during quinoxaline synthesis from alkynes or alkenes. Using H5IO6 as a co‐oxidant, this process addresses environmental and safety concerns associated with Cr(VI). The telescoping synthesis involves the rapid formation of 1,2‐diketones from internal alkynes or alkenes using catalytic CrO3 and H5IO6 in acetonitrile at room temperature. Adding o‐aryl diamine in isopropanol completes the reaction, with the solvent quenching the chromium oxidation state and aiding quinoxaline formation. This method yields high efficiency, broad substrate scope, and excellent selectivity, offering an eco‐friendly pathway for quinoxaline production while reducing Cr(VI) toxicity.
Light‐Driven Carbon Fixation Using Photosynthetic Organelles in Artificial Photosynthetic Cells
Authors: Wang Weichen , Zhao Jingjing , Yang Boyu , Li Chao , Ren Yongshuo , Li Shubin , Zhang Xiangxiang , Han Xiaojun
Published: January 2025

Building an artificial photosynthetic cell from scratch helps to understand the working mechanisms of chloroplasts. It is a challenge to achieve carbon fixation triggered by photosynthetic organelles in an artificial cell. ATP synthase and photosystem II (PSII) are purified and reconstituted onto the phospholipid membrane to fabricate photosynthetic organelles. With the integration of phycocyanin, the ATP production yield increases by 2.51‐fold due to the enhanced light harvesting capability. The carbon fixation pathway is established by converting α‐oxoglutarate to acetyl‐CoA and oxaloacetate with cascade enzyme reactions including the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO), and ATP citrate lyase (ACL). The photosynthetic organelles, phycocyanin, and carbon fixation pathway are encapsulated into giant unilamellar vesicles to obtain artificial photosynthetic cells, which convert α‐oxoglutarate to acetyl‐CoA and oxaloacetate inside artificial cells upon light irradiation. The acetyl‐CoA is the most important intermediate product in the cellular metabolic networks for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. Our results provide a way for efficient light energy conversion to produce ATP and fix CO2, and pave the path to build autonomous artificial cells with more complicated metabolic networks.
Platinum‐Nickel Oxide Cluster‐Cluster Heterostructure Enabling Fast Hydrogen Evolution for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Zheng Xinying , Zheng Xiaozhong , Gao Mingxia , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping
Published: January 2025

Carbon black has been extensively employed as the support for noble metal catalysts for electrocatalysis applications. However, the nearly catalytic inertness and weak interaction with metal species of carbon black are two major obstacles that hinder the further improvement of the catalytic performance. Herein, we report a surface functionalization strategy by decorating transition metal oxide clusters on the commercial carbon black to offer specific catalytic activity and enhanced interaction with metal species. In the case of NiOx cluster‐decorated carbon black, a strongly coupled cluster‐cluster heterostructure consisting of Pt clusters and NiOx clusters (Pt−NiOx/C) is formed and delivers greatly enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution kinetics. The NiOx clusters can not only accelerate the hydrogen evolution process as the co‐catalyst, but also optimize the adsorption of H intermediates on Pt and stabilize the Pt clusters. Notably, the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer with Pt−NiOx/C as the cathode catalyst (with a loading of only 50 μgPt cm−2) delivers the most competitive electrochemical performance reported to date, requiring only 1.90 V to reach a current density of 2 A cm−2. The results demonstrate the significance of surface functionalization of carbonaceous supports toward the development of advanced electrocatalysts.
A High‐Capacity Manganese‐Metal Battery with Dual‐Storage Mechanism
Authors: Shen Dongyang , Zhao Guili , Jiang Taoli , Liu Hongxu , Luo Ruihao , Zhang Zuodong , Zhang Ziwei , Chen Jinghao , Xu Jingwen , Feng Yuancheng , Tong Peiyan , Tan Shunxin , Wang Yidi , Lv Zhenshan , Li Xiangyang , Chen Wei
Published: January 2025

As a promising post lithium‐ion‐battery candidate, manganese metal battery (MMB) is receiving growing research interests because of its high volumetric capacity, low cost, high safety and high energy‐to‐price ratio. However, the low energy density, mainly constrained by scarce choices and unsatisfying capacity of cathodes, strictly bottlenecks the development of MMBs. In this work, a new class of cathodes based on novel dual‐storage mechanism (DSM) are reported. Working principles of DSM are revealed and deeply understood via ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Besides, a proof‐of‐concept DSM‐based Cu1.8S cathode, which shows the highest specific capacity of 220 mAh g−1 and 97.1 % higher energy density than previously reported cathodes in storing Mn2+ ions, is presented. The key determinants on DSM and design strategies for next‐generation cathodes are revealed via theoretical calculations. This work provides a new class of high‐capacity cathode materials for MMBs, which is expected to draw inspirations to further enhance the energy density of MMBs.
Flow Electroreductive Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkenes Using gem‐Dichloroalkanes
Authors: Regnier Morgan , Vega Clara , Ioannou Dimitris I. , Zhang Zhenyu , Noël Timothy
Published: January 2025

Cyclopropanes are valuable motifs in organic synthesis, widely featured in pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Herein, we report an efficient electrochemical methodology for the cyclopropanation of alkenes, leveraging a nickel‐catalyzed process in continuous‐flow. The developed protocol demonstrates broad substrate scope, accommodating both electron‐rich and electron‐poor alkenes with high functional group tolerance. Beyond dichloromethane as a feedstock methylene source, the methodology enables the synthesis of methylated, deuterated, and chloro‐substituted cyclopropanes. Mechanistic investigations suggest the electro‐generation of a nickel carbene as key intermediate. Notably, the reaction operates under ambient conditions, tolerates air and moisture, and achieves scalability through continuous‐flow technology, offering a straightforward route to multi‐gram quantities with enhanced throughput.
Chemically Patterning Lithiophilic Interphase to Harmonize Spatial Electrons and Thermal Catalysis Dynamics for Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yisha , Xu Feng , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Liu , Cui Tianyang , Sun Haoteng , Zhang Mingtong , Yang Tianxiang , Zhang Hanqi , Zhu Jixin , Hu Yuan
Published: January 2025

Lithium metal batteries have garnered significant attention as promising energy storage solutions. However, their performance is often compromised by the risks associated with highly active metallic lithium, unrestricted electrode expansion, and excessive dendrites growth. Here we introduce an advanced lithiophilic anode substrate designed by chemically patterning technology for multiple security enhancements. The innovative lithiophilic array harmonizes spatial Li+ to prepare compact and reversible electrodes. The composite electrodes feature an enhanced C−F component in the solid‐electrolyte interface, which protects the deposited lithium metal from unwanted side reactions, thereby stabilizing electrochemical cycling. Notably, the thermal safety can be revealed through the substrate‘s excellent catalytic ability to convert smoke and toxic gases during extreme thermal runaway. This work demonstrates a novel approach to integrating battery cycling stability with thermal safety, paving the way for more reliable and secure energy storage systems.
Synergizing Interfacial Electric Field Regulation and In situ Robust Interphases for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries at High Currents
Authors: Xie Weixiang , Wu Junxiong , Li Xiaoyan , Song Zhengguang , Tong Lijuan , Miao Yuhui , Li Manxian , Li Xuan , Wang Manxi , Chen Yue , Chen Xiaochuan , Chen Yuming
Published: January 2025

Efficient cycling of lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) under extremely high current conditions is critical for their practical applications. Here, we report a novel additive containing fluorine, nitrogen, and iodine elements (designated as FCS) to stabilize Li metal anodes in glyme‐based ether electrolytes under high current conditions. Experimental results and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that the cation of FCS selectively adsorbs on the electrode surface, optimizing the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) structure and effectively regulating the surface electric field, thereby promoting homogeneous Li deposition. Simultaneously, the preferential decomposition of the FCS produces a mechanically robust and ionically conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) comprising LiF, Li3N, and LiI components. Consequently, with the FCS additive, Li||Cu cells demonstrate a remarkably average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.12 % at an extremely high current of 20 mA cm−2 over 400 cycles. Additionally, Li||SPAN cells maintain a reversible capacity of 1126 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles. This work presents a new approach to simultaneously tune the Helmholtz plane and SEI using trace amounts of additive, paving the way for stable and efficient LMBs under high‐current conditions.
On‐Demand Nitric Oxide Generation via Thermal Decomposition of N‐Trityl Dihydro‐1,2‐Oxazines
Authors: Li Shuxiao , Blackburn Nathan W. , Ward Cassandra L. , Dent Matthew R. , Bour James R.
Published: January 2025

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a promising therapy for a variety of pulmonary conditions but is limited by the cost, portability, and safety limitations of the compressed gas cylinders used in conventional iNO delivery systems. On‐demand generation of iNO via thermally controlled decomposition of an NO‐genic precursor is an attractive alternative to systems based on compressed gas cylinders. However, most NO‐releasing materials, which would form the basis of such a system, are designed for in vivo applications, but not for gas flow release at elevated temperatures. Novel NO donors with tunable kinetics suited for simple thermal generation are needed to realize such iNO delivery systems. Here we report the development of a new class of NO donors based on N‐trityl 3,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines. We show that amorphous solid dispersions of these molecules in porous polymers exhibit consistent, thermoresponsive NO release in good yields when heated above 90 °C in the presence of a carrier gas. We further demonstrate that these donors undergo NO release in aqueous media at 37 °C. Collectively, this work adds a new class of NO donor to the basis set of known NO‐genic molecules and establishes a potential chemical basis for a low‐power, small‐footprint iNO delivery system.
Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones Using Advanced Ni (II)‐Doped Zn‐BDC Microcrystals: A Breakthrough in Catalytic Performance, Reusability, and Structural Integrity
Authors: Aziz Dara Muhammed , Othman Othman Salih
Published: January 2025

Nickel (II) ions (Ni (II)) doped into the zinc‐based metal–organic framework Zn‐BDC have shown exceptional catalytic activity as heterogeneous catalysts for the three‐component Biginelli condensation reaction, delivering yields ranging from 62% to 96% with excellent selectivity under diverse reaction conditions. The Ni doping was achieved through a facile solvothermal synthesis, producing Ni(x)‐Zn‐BDC catalysts, where x represents the weight percentage of Ni relative to Zn (e.g., Ni[10]‐Zn‐BDC). Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized catalysts was conducted using advanced spectroscopic and analytical techniques, confirming successful incorporation of Ni into the Zn‐BDC framework without compromising its structural integrity. The Ni(10)‐Zn‐BDC catalyst, in particular, exhibited remarkable efficiency in facilitating the reaction under mild conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability and stability, maintaining consistent catalytic performance over multiple cycles. These findings highlight Ni(x)‐Zn‐BDC as a promising and sustainable material for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones, underscoring its potential in green and efficient catalytic processes.
Aggregation‐induced Electrochemiluminescence of AgNCs Enhanced with AuNPs@MXene Composites for Ultrasensitive Detection of microRNA
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqian , Song Haicheng , Zhang Xinying , Chen Lifei , Chen Yingying , Li Zhenzhen , Feng Lingyan
Published: January 2025

MXene, a two‐dimensional nanomaterial, has metal conductivity, high electronegativity, functionalized with surface groups, which make it widely applicable in catalysis and biosensing. However, studies on the principle of enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) by MXene composites and the improvement of their performance in catalyzing the ECL reaction are still in their infancy. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are obtained by mild reductive reduction and loaded in situ on the Ti3C2Tx MXene surface to form the composites (AuNPs@MXene). In oxygenated PBS test buffer, AuNPs@MXene enhance the ECL emission of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) with aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) properties as luminophore. Approximately 7.5‐fold enhancement of ECL signals is obtained by using two ECL enhancement strategies: an efficient AIECL emitter and a co‐reaction accelerator. The special nucleic acid structure with “Three Way Junction (TWJ)” enables an ultra‐sensitive detection of microRNA, providing an efficient and ultra‐sensitive method for microRNA detection. The biosensor achieves a wide detection range of microRNA‐21 from 100 aM to 1 nM, with a low detection limit of 31 aM, and exhibits excellent stability, selectivity and high reproducibility in real samples.
Advanced Zeolite‐Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Targeted High‐Value Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Ding Xuechun , Duan Jiayi , Jia Meijie , Fan Haihan , Lyu Yuchao , Fu Jianye , Liu Xinmei
Published: January 2025

The excessive use of fossil fuels has resulted in elevated CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, significantly impacting the climate and global environment. The catalytic conversion of CO2 into high‐value chemicals has been recognized as a promising strategy to mitigate CO2 emissions. Light olefins, aromatics, and alcohols, etc. are widely used high‐value chemicals as fuels and chemical synthesis intermediates. To enhance the catalytic efficiency and selectivity for producing these chemicals, various catalysts have been developed. Among them, zeolite‐based catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their unique microporous structure, shape‐selective catalysis capability, high thermal stability, and tunable acidity. This article focuses on the distinctive structural characteristics of zeolites and their notable representative applications, with particular emphasis on the impact of zeolite structural properties on catalytic performance and reaction mechanism. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges of fabricating highly efficient zeolite‐based catalysts and future development prospects in improving the catalytic performance and industrial‐scale applications. We propose rational and strategic insights to pave the way for the efficient utilization of CO₂ as a valuable resource.
Competition vs. Cooperativity of I⋅⋅⋅Omorpholinyl and I⋅⋅⋅Cl−M Halogen Bonds in Cocrystals of Zinc(II) and Copper(II) Coordination Compounds Carrying Multiple Acceptor Sites
Authors: Nemec Vinko , Sušanj Ruđer , Baus Topić Nea , Cinčić Dominik
Published: January 2025

In order to explore a strategy for synthesizing halogen‐bonded metal‐organic cocrystals by utilizing metal complexes whose pendant chloride group and the morpholinyl oxygen atom enables halogen bonding, we have synthesized four pentacoordinated Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of the MCl2L general formula (L=imines prepared by the condensation reaction of 4‐aminoethylmorpholine with 2‐pyridinecarboxyaldehide or 2‐acetylpyridine). The prepared metal complexes were further cocrystallized with selected iodoperfluorinated benzenes. Out of 20 combinations, 14 experiments yielded crystals suitable for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Structural analysis revealed that in 7 cocrystals halogen bonds are formed both with morpholinyl oxygen as well as with chloride atoms. In 6 cocrystals only I⋅⋅⋅Cl halogen bonds are present, while only one cocrystal exclusively featured I⋅⋅⋅Omorpholinyl halogen bonds. We observed 5 halogen bonding motifs to the MCl2 moiety, in which each chloride atom can be an acceptor of one halogen bond, two, or none at all. The most common motif in our work (6 cocrystals) is where one chlorine atom is an acceptor of one halogen bond, while the other chlorine atom does not participate in halogen bonding. The crystal packing in the prepared cocrystals is directed by halogen‐bonded architectures which are either zero‐, one‐ or two‐dimensional.
Latent Activation Limited Failure Models, Stochastic Ordering and Identifiability
Authors: Jiang Qi , Basu Sanjib
Published: January 2025

Limited failure or cure rate models provide generalization of lifetime models which allow the possibility of subjects or units to be cured or be failure‐free. While modeling and analysis of such models are extensively studied, we study the important question of identifiability of these models. We discuss the latent and hierarchical activation cure models and establish a series of results on stochastic ordering within these models. We also establish a series of results on identifiability of these models under various conditions. Further, we demonstrate multiple cases where there models are not identifiable and illustrate the potential difficulty with these models in a simulation study.
Joint Probability Functions for Scenarios Arising From Multi‐State Series and Multi‐State Parallel Systems
Authors: Kulkarni Leena , Sabnis Sanjeev , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: January 2025

Consider multi‐state series and multi‐state parallel systems consisting of independent components each. It is assumed that (i) each component and both the systems take values in the set , (ii) each system and each component start out in state 2, the perfect state, and they make the transition to state 1, depending upon system configuration, and, eventually, each system enters state 0, the failed state. This multi‐state nature of components and systems leads to scenarios under which each of the systems makes the transition from state 2 to state 1, and eventually to state 0. The joint probability function for times spent in state 2 and state 1 is obtained based on these scenarios for each of the systems. It is interesting to note that by merely changing set of a standard binary series (parallel) system to a set of a multi‐state series (multi‐state parallel) system, renders expression of the joint probability function of system spending times in state 2 and state 1 of a multi‐state series (multi‐state parallel) system is quite complex as compared to the univariate survival probability of the binary series (parallel) system being in the functioning state. As a proof of concept, graphical comparison between these analytical joint probability functions and joint empirical probability functions for each of the multi‐state series and multi‐state parallel systems based on the Farlie‐Gumbel‐Morgernsten distribution is made, and it is found that they compare very well. The graphical comparison between corresponding univariate cumulative distribution functions is also found to be very good. The theoretical results mentioned above for multi‐state series and multi‐state parallel systems have been partially generalized for multi‐state systems made up of subsystems that are themselves either multi‐state series or multi‐state parallel systems. Finally, an attempt has been made to demonstrate the result for the multi‐state series system with a real‐life scenario involving head and neck cancer data using copula models such as Gumbel, Clayton, FGM, and Frank.
A Comprehensive Degradation Modeling Comparison From Statistical to Artificial Intelligence Models for Curing Oven Chains
Authors: Misaii Hasan , Ponchet Durupt Amélie , Vu Hai Canh , Boudaoud Nassim , Leduc Patrick , Xu Yun , Caracciolo Arnaud
Published: January 2025

The limitations of physics‐based models and the constraints posed by data‐driven models have motivated the development of fusion models for degradation modeling. These fusion models are designed to overcome the shortcomings inherent to either type of these models when used in isolation. In reliability analysis, particularly for highly reliable systems or units, the available datasets often exhibit small sample sizes. In such instances, the amount of data may not suffice for training powerful data‐driven models, which typically require large datasets. Additionally, physics‐based models may fail to capture all relevant information present in the data. This article focuses on addressing small sample‐size datasets related to highly reliable systems, exploring various statistical and machine learning models tailored for such datasets, from statistical and AI models to fusion models. Furthermore, to address the challenges of using these models in isolation, a combination approach is presented involving employing simple data‐driven models accompanied by essential data preprocessing and a physics‐based model. This combination enables the models to capture the majority of pertinent information within the data. Also, a time‐windowed multilayer perceptron is adapted to the dataset, showing that a meticulously prepared artificial neural network model might surpass the performance of some robust data‐driven and even fusion models.
3D‐Betondruck von Vollwandquerschnitten mittels Autobetonpumpe – Erfahrungsbericht des ersten gedruckten Bauwerks in Deutschland
Authors: Alós Shepherd David , Dehn Frank , Kuhn Alexander , Degen Robin , Wolf Klaus , Heller Tim , Kuhn Kornelia , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu , Dichtl Matthias , Meier Nico
Published: January 2025

Das 3D‐Betondruckverfahren bietet insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund steigender Design‐ und Qualitätsansprüche sowie des Fachkräftemangels das Potenzial, traditionelle Bauverfahren zu ersetzen. In Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Ed. ZÜBLIN AG und Putzmeister Holding GmbH wurde unter dem Namen KARLOS ein innovatives Betondruckverfahren entwickelt. Das Verfahren basiert auf einer automatisierten Autobetonpumpe, die Beton über einen speziellen Druckkopf extrudiert und ohne Schalung oder Nachverdichtung tragende Wände druckt. Das erste reale Bauprojekt konnte Ende 2023 auf dem Gelände der STRABAG BMTI in Stuttgart‐Weilimdorf in Form einer Lagerhalle umgesetzt werden. Es wurde eine 10 × 6,5 × 5 m3 große Lagerhalle mit insgesamt 35 laufenden Metern tragenden und raumabschließenden Außenwänden sowie eine umlaufende Attika gedruckt. Für die KARLOS‐3D‐Drucktechnologie wurde ein normgerechter Beton nach DIN EN 206‐1 i. V. m. DIN 1045‐2 zur Herstellung der Lagerhalle verwendet. Dadurch konnten die 3D‐gedruckten Wände nach den Vorgaben der DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 Teil 12 für tragende Bauwerke aus unbewehrtem oder gering bewehrtem Beton bemessen werden. Dieses Vorgehen wurde durch verschiedene Versuche, unter anderem Großversuche an Bauteilen an der MPA Karlsruhe des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT), zur Beurteilung der statischen und brandschutztechnischen Eigenschaften bestätigt. Das Projekt zeigt ein vielversprechendes Potenzial, das in zukünftigen Bauvorhaben weiter genutzt werden soll.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots Prepared via Microchannel Method for Visual Detection of Copper Ions
Authors: Ma Yunfei , Wang Songtao , Sun Wei , Zhou Longlong , Deng Yiqing , Zhao Qiang
Published: January 2025

Copper ions (Cu2+) play a crucial role in biological processes; however, excessive intake can result in severe health problems. Current methods for detecting copper ions are both expensive and complex. Therefore, there is a need for efficient and straightforward visual detection methods. In this study, novel nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) were synthesized via a microchannel method using diethylenetriamine and citric acid as precursors and were characterized by TEM, XRD, and IR, among others. The N‐CDs demonstrated high selectivity and strong fluorescence, showing a linear quenching response to copper ions with a detection limit of 46 nM, whereas other common metal ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, exhibited negligible interference even at higher concentrations. These N‐CDs were subsequently applied to test paper, allowing for on‐site visual and quantitative detection of copper ions via a colorimetric method. This approach provides a novel solution for the rapid detection of copper ions, with significant potential in environmental monitoring, public health, and industrial applications.
Development of Novel Piperine‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Enhanced Drug Delivery and Comprehensive In Vivo Safety Analysis
Authors: Francis Rahul , Parthasarathy Sudharsan , Aly Shaza H. , Kalyanaraman Ramanathan , Boominathan Vasuki , Tharumasivam Siva Vijayakumar , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Murugan Brindha Matharasi , Gnanadesigan Murugesan
Published: January 2025

Piperine‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) were synthesized by chemical methods from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor, N‐cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant, piperine, distilled water, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst at 80°C. After stirring the mixture for 20–30 min, the synthesized combined substances were washed with ethanol and the surfactant was removed using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The morphological characterization was assessed by high‐resolution‐transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM), scanning electron microscopy (field emission [FE]‐scanning electron microscopy [SEM]), FE‐SEM–energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX), infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), x‐ray diffractometer (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS). HR‐TEM final report showed the amorphous nature of the prepared nanoparticles (NPs). TEM image at 100 nm showed typical ball‐like geometry with an average particle size of 13.05 nm. FE‐SEM analysis proved that MSNPs loaded with piperine have a spherical shape with various nm ranges starting from 232 to 552 nm. The results of the piperine release test observed 93.70% of the drug (piperine) over 24 h. The in vivo toxicity analysis of piperine‐loaded MSNPs tested using adult zebrafish showed no toxic effect. Our developed piperine‐loaded MSNPs are favorable for achieving sustained release, a lower dose frequency, and better therapeutic effects.
Investigation of Substance Basis and Pharmacodynamics of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction in Lung Cancer Based On Serum Pharmacochemistry and Proteomics
Authors: Wen Xiaoli , Cheng Biting , Tan Min , Zhang Xiang , Yao Ziheng , Huang Rumei , Zhang Ge , liu Ling , Cai Fangyan , Liu Hongning
Published: January 2025

Qingzao Jiufei Decoction (QD) is a renowned prescription for nourishing lung Yin to treat lung‐related diseases in ancient and modern times. It has been reported that QD can effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer (LC), but the material basis and mechanism of its treatment of LC remain to be further studied. In this experiment, we combined serum pharmacochemistry and proteomics to study the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of QD against LC. The results showed that in vitro a total of 121 compounds were identified. A total of 33 prototype chemical components were identified in vivo, which may be effective active ingredients for QD treatment of LC. Proteomic experiments have shown that compared with the model group, 113 DEPs in LC tissues were significantly changed after QD treatment, among which 57 proteins were significantly up‐regulated and 56 proteins were significantly down‐regulated (p < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed on these DEPs. A total of 205 pathways were enriched, and the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway was experimentally verified. The results showed that QD can be used to treat LC by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Influence of the Electrolyte pH on the Double Layer Capacitance of Polycrystalline Pt and Au Electrodes in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Song Kun‐Ting , Schneider Peter M. , Grabovac Ivo , Garlyyev Batyr , Watzele Sebastian A. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: January 2025

A deeper understanding of electrified solid/liquid interfaces of polycrystalline materials is crucial for optimizing energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and supercapacitors. After more than a century of research, the double‐layer capacitance (CDL) has proven to be one of the few relatively easily experimentally accessible quantitative measures for characterizing such interfaces. However, despite their great importance, systematic CDL measurements are still not frequently associated with other interfacial properties. This work investigates the effect of the electrolyte pH on the CDL for polycrystalline platinum (Pt(pc)) and gold (Au(pc)) electrodes using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy in acidic solutions with a pH ranging from 0 to 2 without adding any supporting electrolyte. Interestingly, under these conditions, the CDL for the Pt(pc) electrode increases with increasing electrolyte pH, while the CDL for the Au(pc) electrode shows the opposite trend. The increasing trend for Pt(pc) cannot be quantitatively described by the classical Stern model due to the stronger adsorption phenomenon on Pt surfaces. Moreover, positive linear trends with pH were found for the potentials of minimum CDL values and the potentials of maximum entropy for both electrodes, which closely correlate with reaction activities. However, the transition potentials of the constant phase element exponent (an element commonly used to approximate the behavior of the double layer in experiments) are only observed for the Pt electrode due to the phase transitions within the hydrogen adsorption/desorption and double‐layer regions. These findings pose an important step toward revealing the interplay between essential interfacial parameters, which is crucial for a complete understanding of the electrical double layer.
Binary Additive in Millimolar Concentration for Long Cycling Life of Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hering Joachim Gerd Christian , Holtmann Max , Kretschmer Katja Ramona , Antony Jithin , Drillet Jean‐Francois , Schröder Daniel
Published: January 2025

The reversibility of stripping and plating of the Zinc anode is one of the major bottlenecks of Zinc‐Ion batteries. In this publication, we propose a millimolar concentration additive blend that shall promote homogeneous Zinc plating with suppressed dendrite formation and reduce the influence of water‐splitting reactions. We use 5.5 mM sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). SDBS adsorbs at the Zinc electrode and forms a protection layer that promotes homogenous crystallization. 4.5 mM Ethylenediamine‐tetraacetate (EDTA) is meant to hinder water splitting. It reduces the activity of water at the Zinc surface. Both additives together exhibit a synergistic effect, resulting in higher performance compared to cells with either additive alone. We propose a handover of the Zinc ions between the EDTA in solution and the SDBS layer as a reason for this effect. Our Zn//Zn symmetric cell tests ran for 3850 hours and 1925 cycles at 1 mA/cm2 and 1 mAh/cm2. In the end, Zinc‐MnO2 full cells were tested, showing a capacity retention of 52 % over 400 cycles.
N‐Hydroxyphthalimide/TiO2 Catalyzed Addition of Ethers, Alkylarenes and Aldehydes to Azodicarboxylates under Visible Light
Authors: Lopat'eva Elena R. , Krylov Igor B. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: January 2025

The addition of carbon‐centered radicals to double bonds is one of the most atom‐efficient approaches to the formation of new C−C or C−heteroatom bonds. Existing approaches for the generation of carbon‐centered radicals often require elevated temperatures, UV radiation or expensive transition metal catalysts. In this work, a photocatalytic system based on a heterogeneous TiO2 catalyst and a redox organocatalyst N‐hydroxyphthalimide is proposed for the generation of carbon‐centered radicals from C(sp3)−H substrates or aldehydes at room temperature under visible light irradiation. The developed approach was successfully applied to the addition of ethers, alkylarenes and aldehydes to azodicarboxylates. Titanium oxide acts as a photocatalyst, producing phthalimide‐N‐oxyl radicals from N‐hydroxyphthalimide, thereby enabling the organocatalytic process in solution. Phthalimide‐N‐oxyl radicals act as catalytically active species that cleave C−H bonds to form carbon‐centered radicals.
Predicting inbred parent synchrony at flowering for maize hybrid seed production by integrating crop growth model with whole genome prediction
Authors: Laurent Anabelle , Munaro Eugenia , Zhao Honghua , Technow Frank , Whitted Eric , Clark Randy , San Martin Juan Pablo , Totir Radu
Published: January 2025

One of the challenges of maize (Zea mays) hybrid seed production is to ensure synchrony at flowering of the two inbred parents of a hybrid, which depends on the specific parental combination and environmental conditions of the production field. Maize flowering can be simulated using a mechanistic crop growth model that converts thermal time accumulation to leaf numbers based on inbred‐specific physiological parameter values. Heretofore, these inbred‐specific physiological parameters need to be measured or assigned based on prior knowledge. Here, we leverage genetic, environmental, and management data to predict physiological parameters and simulate flowering phenotypes by using whole genome prediction methodology combined with a crop growth model (CGM–WGP) as part of in‐field in‐season inbred growth development. We use two estimation sets that differ in terms of management and weather information to test the robustness of our approach. As part of our findings, we demonstrate the importance of defining informative priors to generate biologically meaningful predictions of unobserved physiological parameters. Our CGM–WGP infrastructure is efficient at simulating flowering phenotypes. An important practical application of our method is the ability to recommend differential planting intervals for male and female maize inbreds used in commercial seed production fields to synchronize male and female flowering.
Demonstration of a Chemical Recycling Concept for Polybutylene Succinate Containing Waste Substrates via Coupled Enzymatic/Electrochemical Processes
Authors: Buchinger Richard , Bischof Sabrina , Nickel Ole , Grassi Vanessa , Antony Jasmin , Ostermann Markus , Gahlawat Soniya , Valtiner Markus , Meißner Robert , Gübitz Georg , Pichler Christian M.
Published: January 2025

Chemical recycling of polymer waste is a promising strategy to reduce the dependency of chemical industry on fossil resources and reduce the increasing quantities of plastic waste. A common challenge in chemical recycling processes is the costly downstream separation of reaction products. For polybutylene succinate (PBS) no effective recycling concept has been implemented so far. In this work we demonstrate a promising recycling concept for PBS, avoiding costly purification steps. We developed a sequential process, coupling enzymatic hydrolysis of PBS with an electrochemical reaction step. The enzymatic step efficiently hydrolyses PBS in its monomers, succinic acid and 1,4‐butanediol. The electrochemical step converts succinic acid into ethene as final product. Ethene is easily separated from the reaction solution as gaseous product, together with hydrogen as secondary product, while 1,4‐butanediol remains in the aqueous solution. Both reaction steps operate in aqueous solvent and benign reaction conditions. Furthermore, the influence of electrolyte components on the electrochemical step was unraveled by applying molecular dynamic simulations. The final coupled process achieves a total ethene productivity of 91 μmol/cm2 over a duration of 8 hours, with 1110 μmol/cm2 hydrogen and 77 % regained 1,4‐butanediol as valuable secondary products.
Comprehensive Approach to Cytomorphology in Liquid‐Based Bile Duct Brush Cytology: Integrating Cell Blocks and Histology
Authors: Oh Wookjin , Min Jaeyong , Kim Baek‐hui
Published: January 2025

Bile duct brush cytology is a widely used and essential method for evaluating biliary tract lesions, although it remains challenging for pathologists. Liquid‐based preparations provide a better vision of morphology and enable the preparation of cell blocks, thereby enhancing reliability. However, the establishment of reproducible interpretation criteria and utilization of cell blocks remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the morphological features of liquid‐based cytology using objective and reproducible criteria, incorporating histological findings to identify diagnostic features. In total, 151 cases were selected and 42 morphologic criteria were evaluated within representative clusters. Notably, 14 features, including conventional cytologic features, significantly differed between the benign and malignant groups. Malignant cell clusters were more likely to be irregularly shaped and have larger nuclear sizes, increased nuclear pleomorphism, a non‐euchromatic chromatin pattern, and a higher nucleus‐to‐cytoplasm (N/C) ratio. Multinucleation and nuclear molding were observed exclusively in malignant cases. The presence of inflammatory cells did not differ significantly between benign and malignant cases. An increased N/C ratio was observed in the cell blocks and the architectural information aided in diagnosis. The application of cell blocks may be beneficial, emphasizing the significance of nuclear pleomorphism. We also categorized features by analyzing the sensitivity, specificity, and importance of various features. In summary, our study reaffirms the importance of conventional cytomorphologic features in liquid‐based preparations of bile duct cytology and suggests a diagnostic approach with more objective morphologic criteria, highlighting the utility of cell blocks.
Study on the Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Habitat Quality in the Yarlung Zangbo River From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Chen Yu , Kang Yujie , Li Jingji , Liu Yanguo , Liu Qin , Luo Zhengyu , Zhou Xiaohui , Zhang Tingbin , Wang Guoyan , Tang Xiaolu , Pei Xiangjun
Published: January 2025

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YLZB), the world's highest plateau river, possesses a particularly fragile ecosystem, making it highly vulnerable to global climate change. Understanding changes in YLZB habitat quality and their driving mechanisms is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development in the region. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, we conducted a quantitative study on the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of habitat quality in the YLZB. This study employed habitat quality model, Land Use Transition Matrix, optimal parameter geographical detector, and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM). The results show that: (1) Forests, grasslands, and unused land account for 94.14% of the basin area. The areas of unused land, forest land, and water bodies have continuously increased, while the areas of grasslands, permanent glaciers, and snowfields have continuously decreased. The decline was most pronounced from 2005 to 2010. (2) The habitat quality in the study area is higher in the southeast and lower in the west. The area of degraded habitats is significantly larger than that of improved habitats. (3) NDVI, elevation, and annual average temperature are key factors affecting changes in habitat quality. Elevation indirectly affects NDVI by influencing climate conditions, leading to a decline in habitat quality. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding ecological trends in YLZB habitat quality, it provides new insights into the intrinsic driving mechanisms in high‐altitude regions, and it offers theoretical support for relevant departments to implement sustainable management and conservation efforts.
Progranulin Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Meningitis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Kang Lihua , Xu Wenlong , Xiao Jiangming , Min Yajun , Li Sijie , Zhou Changlong , Yin Yibing , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Qun
Published: January 2025

Objective

Pneumococcal meningitis is a serious infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a global presence, and survivors have different degrees of neurological sequelae as a consequence of the host response to the infection. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional autocrine growth factor that is also a major immunoregulator. We want to investigate the role for PGRN in Pneumococcal meningitis in vivo and in vitro.

Method

Mouse and cell models were established to explore the protective effect and mechanism of PGRN against pneumococcal meningitis.

Results

Progranulin plays a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis. Pyroptosis resulted from exposure of BV‐2 cells to the bacterium and this was confirmed in the in vivo model. Administration of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 to mice prior to infection inhibited pyroptosis and protected PGRN ‐/‐ mice and BV‐2 cell model from meningitis.

Conclusion

This study implicates a protective role for PGRN in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis, indicating that PGRN may have therapeutic potential.