bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell mutation rate of turnip crinkle virus (-)-strand replication intermediates
Authors: Carvalho Camila Perdoncini , Han Junping , Khemsom Khwannarin , Ren Ruifan , Camargo Luis Eduardo Aranha , Miyashita Shuhei , Qu Feng
Published: August 2023

Viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense (+) RNA genomes incur high numbers of errors during replication, thereby creating diversified genome populations from which new, better adapted viral variants can emerge. However, a definitive error rate is known for a relatively few (+) RNA plant viruses, due to challenges to account for perturbations caused by natural selection and/or experimental set-ups. To address these challenges, we developed a new approach that exclusively profiled errors in the (-)-strand replication intermediates of turnip crinkle virus (TCV), in singly infected cells. A series of controls and safeguards were devised to ensure errors inherent to the experimental process were accounted for. This approach permitted the estimation of a TCV error rate of 8.47 X 10−5 substitution per nucleotide site per cell infection. Importantly, the characteristic error distribution pattern among the 50 copies of 2,363-base-pair cDNA fragments predicted that nearly all TCV (-) strands were products of one replication cycle per cell. Furthermore, some of the errors probably elevated error frequencies by lowering the fidelity of TCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and/or permitting occasional re-replication of progeny genomes. In summary, by profiling errors in TCV (-)-strand intermediates incurred during replication in single cells, this study provided strong support for a stamping machine mode of replication employed by a (+) RNA virus.
Perineurioma Diagnosed After Endoscopic Treatment of Suspected Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland
Authors: Yokosuka Ryohsuke , Ikeya Takashi , Yamato Hiroshi , Kanomata Naoki , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: August 2023

Perineurioma is a relatively rare tumor with an occasionally difficult differential diagnosis. A 63-year-old woman underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed a 15 mm, slightly faded, flat, and elevated lesion in the gastric body. Biopsy revealed a bundle-like proliferation of spindle-shaped cells; however, the diagnosis was unconfirmed. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed cell proliferation with short spindle-shaped and oval nuclei and little atypia in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemical examination indicated a perineurioma. Thus, when spindle-shaped cells are found on biopsy, it is necessary to consider the possibility of perineurioma.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as Food Impaction and Pseudo-Achalasia
Authors: Obri Mark S. , Nimri Faisal , Kamran Wasih , Nimri Rund , Pompa Robert , Zuchelli Tobias
Published: August 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies report the incidence of GIST to be 14.5 per million, with 18% being diagnosed incidentally. The most common location is the stomach while the esophagus is the rarest, representing only 0.7% of cases. The clinical manifestations of GISTs vary. Most patients present with bleeding and gastric discomfort. Some may present with life-threatening hematemesis or melena. We present a unique case of a GIST presenting as pseudo-achalasia and food impaction.
A comparison of treatment effect sizes in matched phase 2 and phase 3 trials of advanced therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hanzel Jurij , Solitano Virginia , Zou Lily , Zou GY , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio , Singh Siddharth , Ma Christopher , Wils Pauline , Jairath Vipul
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Phase 2 trials are fundamental to the rational and efficient design of phase 3 trials. We aimed to determine the relationship of treatment effect size estimates from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials on advanced therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception to December 19, 2022, to identify paired phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled induction studies of advanced therapeutics for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Treatment effect sizes were expressed as a risk ratio (RR) between the active arm and placebo arm. For the same therapeutics, RR from phase 2 trials were divided by the RR from phase 3 trial to quantify the relationship of effect sizes between phases.

Results:

Twenty-two studies (9 phase 2 trials, 13 phase 3 trials) were included for CD and 30 studies (12 phase 2 trials, 18 phase 3 trials) for UC. In UC (pooled RR 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.86; RR <1 indicate smaller treatment effect sizes in phase 2 trials), but not CD (pooled RR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.84–1.18), phase 2 trials systematically underestimated treatment effect sizes for the primary endpoint compared to phase 3 trials. The underestimation was observed for clinical, but not endoscopic endpoints in UC.

Conclusions:

Treatment effect sizes for the primary and clinical endpoints were similar across clinical trial phases in CD, but not UC, where only endoscopic endpoints were comparable. This will help inform clinical development plans and future trial design.
Bar-supported and unsupported dental implants: a QCT-FEA study in human maxilla
Authors: Řehounek Luboš , Jíra Aleš
Published: August 2023

Two variants of implant-supported overdentures (IODs) were investigated by quantitative computed tomography-assisted finite element method (QCT-FEA) on a patient-specific CTreconstructed model of human maxilla. The analyzed variants are bar-supported (splinted) and unsupported (unsplinted) implant assemblies. The loading was done by a 800 N force slanted by 30° in the buccolingual direction. The results of the analyses show favorable stress distributions for the bar-supported variant.
Dependence of mechanical and thermal properties on the composition of lightweight gypsum composites
Authors: Sekavová Hana , Prošek Zdeněk , Tesárek Pavel
Published: August 2023

One of the ways to use the treated gypsum waste is in gypsum mixtures for the production of gypsum blocks. Gypsum blocks can be used in standard interior as well as exterior applications and are made of gypsum, water, PP microfibres and are lightened with foam, which is created from a foaming additive and water. Above all, the amount of foam significantly influences the bulk density of the resulting material, and the bulk density then has a major influence on the mechanical and thermal properties. The use of PP microfibres had a positive effect on the overall stability of the foamed structure, which resulted in an increase in compressive strength while maintaining good thermal insulation properties.
Czech Conspiracy Websites as Agents of Illiberalism: Case study of Parliamentary Elections 2021
Authors: Syrovátka Jonáš
Published: August 2023

In the past several years, conspiracy websites emerged as relevant actors in Czech uncivil society. The article uses the lens of the concept of illiberalism to explain their ideological position, relation to the liberal democratic system and understanding of politics. The analysis of their reporting about the Czech Parliamentary elections 2021 allowed the article to uncover their allies and enemies and describe the role they want to play in Czech politics.
“Do I Believe?”: Three Aspects of “Belief” in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Lednický Matyáš , Malá Tereza , Maurer Abraham , Kozák Jan A.
Published: August 2023

The following text aims to offer and illustrate a new concept for grasping the phenomenon of conspiracy theories. Based on field research in the form of semi-structured interviews and previous research, it provides a triadic schema for navigating the conspiracy landscape and understanding the transformations and functions that conspiracy theories provide to their adherents. After introducing the topic, the first part of the text briefly summarises previous research relevant to the article and describes the theoretical position on which it is based. Subsequently, it uses H. S. Versnel’s schema to introduce the three levels of meaning of conspiracy narratives: substantivist, functionalist, and cosmological. It then concludes by reflecting on the possible applications of this framework and its relevance for future research.
Application of the Global Reporting Initiative Standards and Sustainability Disclosure Performance: An Analysis of the Largest Chinese Companies Listed in Hong Kong
Authors: Choy Lai Yee
Published: August 2023

In the wake of rising demand for corporate social responsibility, international organizations have been set up for establishing sustainability reporting standards. The standards issued by the global reporting initiative (‘GRI’) have become the most prevalently referred to sustainability reporting standards across the globe. Even though some research studies have investigated the impact of applying the GRI Standards on sustainability reporting performance, few studies have focused on companies listed in Hong Kong, an international financial center. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which Hong Kong-listed companies have applied the GRI Standards and how such practice has affected their sustainability disclosure quality. As an introductory study on this subject in Hong Kong, the current research focuses on the 100 largest Hong Kong-listed Chinese companies. This study shows that the rate of applying the GRI Standards among the sample companies has fluctuated in a narrow range over the past five years, and the sustainability reporting performance of companies which apply the GRI Standards outperformed their peers not applying the GRI Standards. Furthermore, the results indicate that government ownership and industry have an impact on the sample companies’ preference for referring to the GRI Standards.
Modeling of olfactory transduction in AWCON neuron via coupled electrical-calcium dynamics
Authors: Nicoletti Martina , Luchetti Nicole , Chiodo Letizia , Loppini Alessandro , Folli Viola , Ruocco Giancarlo , Filippi Simonetta
Published: August 2023

Amphid wing “C” (AWC) neurons are among the most important and studied neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this work, we unify the existing electrical and intracellular calcium dynamics descriptions to obtain a biophysically accurate model of olfactory transduction in AWCON neurons. We study the membrane voltage and the intracellular calcium dynamics at different exposure times and odorant concentrations to grasp a complete picture of AWCON functioning. Moreover, we investigate the complex cascade of biochemical processes that allow AWC activation upon odor removal. We analyze the behavior of the different components of the models and, by suppressing them selectively, we extrapolate their contribution to the overall neuron response and study the resilience of the dynamical system. Our results are all in agreement with the available experimental data. Therefore, we provide an accurate mathematical and biophysical model for studying olfactory signal processing in C. elegans.
DUX: a dataset of user interactions and user emotions
Authors: Leppich Dominick , Bieber Carina , Proschek Katrin , Harms Patrick , Schubert Ulf
Published: August 2023

User experience evaluation is becoming increasingly important, and so is emotion recognition. Recognizing users’ emotions based on their interactions alone would not be intrusive to users and can be implemented in many applications. This is still an area of active research and requires data containing both the user interactions and the corresponding emotions. Currently, there is no public dataset for emotion recognition from keystroke, mouse and touchscreen dynamics. We have created such a dataset for keyboard and mouse interactions through a dedicated user study and made it publicly available for other researchers. This paper examines our study design and the process of creating the dataset. We conducted the study using a test application for travel expense reports with 50 participants. We want to be able to detect predominantly negative emotions, so we added emotional triggers to our test application. However, further research is needed to determine the relationship between user interactions and emotions.
A review on effective encapsulation and release strategy of umami peptides
Authors: Sun Baoshan , Zhang Bingying , Sun Lingling , Zhou Yawen , Zhang Guiju , Zhang Fan , Xiao Yang , Xu Bo , Xu Baocai
Published: August 2023

With the increase in consumers’ awareness of healthy diet, the development of green foods has become a significant research direction for the modern food industry. Umami peptides, derived from the hydrolysis of natural proteins, which possess nutritional and functional properties. However, protein hydrolysates face many problems, such as a low amount of effective umami peptides, insufficient umami intensity and poor stability. Therefore, the article introduced different pathways to enhance the intensity of umami peptides, and emphatically illustrated the protection and controlled release of these peptides through encapsulation transport systems, including the development of umami peptides, encapsulation materials, methods, quality standards, and their release mechanisms. The review can provide a valuable reference for the development of umami peptides into new flavorings, which aligns with the future trends in the flavoring industry.
Schlaglichter: Interaktionskompetenz in DaFZ
Authors: Huth Thorsten , Betz Emma M.
Published: August 2023

Soziale Interaktion vollzieht sich nicht nur im Alltag, sondern auch in spracherwerbsrelevanten sozialen Räumen wie zum Beispiel dem Fremd- bzw. Zweitsprachenunterricht. Die angewandte Sprachwissenschaft hat den Forschungsgegenstand soziale Interaktion im Rahmen des Begriffs Interaktionskompetenz verstärkt in direkten Bezug zu den Prozessen Lernen und Lehren gesetzt. Dies lenkte den Fokus noch stärker auf die Analyse von kontextspezifischen, interaktionalen Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die Sprachlernende im Rahmen des Lernprozesses in schulischen und außerschulischen Kontexten anwenden. Auch die Analyse unterrichtlicher Interaktion und deren aktiver Gestaltung durch Lehrkräfte erfährt derzeit eine Rekonzeptualisierung durch Forschung in der Interaktionalen Linguistik und der Konversationsanalyse. Innovative Angebote in der Sprachlehrer*innenbildung setzen verstärkt darauf, erfahrenen oder zukünftigen Lehrenden in DaFZ die Relevanz von ausgesuchten Themen in der Interaktionsforschung für die Praxis zu vermitteln. In diesem Gesamtkontext skizzieren wir den Themenkomplex Interaktionskompetenz fördern mit Hinblick auf seine vielschichtige Relevanz im Rahmen von DaFZ, die dann schlaglichtartig durch ausgesuchte Einzelbeiträge in diesem Themenheft illustriert wird.
Fachbezogene Diskurse von DaZ-Lernenden über Kunst: Unterstützung von fachlichem und sprachlich-diskursivem Lernen in dyadischen Settings vor Ort
Authors: Fohr Tanja
Published: August 2023

Sprachliches Handeln von DaZ-Lernenden und -Lehrenden in Interaktionssituationen an außerschulischen Lernorten wie dem Kunstmuseum ist gebunden an Situationen, in denen ein Bezug zum Gegenstand und dessen fachliche Merkmale die Vermittlung und somit die Diskurspraktiken bestimmen. Wie L2-Lernende die kommunikative Aufgabe der Erschließung von Kunstwerken angehen und wie Lehrkräfte die Interaktionskompetenz der Lernenden in diesem Zusammenhang fördern können, sind die leitenden Fragestellungen in diesem Beitrag.

Zur Beantwortung der Fragen wird auf die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie zu einem Kunst- und Kultur-Buddy-Programm, durchgeführt im Rahmen eines interdisziplinär angelegten Service-Learning-Projekts der Universität Kassel, zurückgegriffen.

Ziel des Projekts war es unter anderem, sich von konservativen und während der Pandemie nicht umsetzbaren Führungskonzepten für größere Gruppen abzuwenden und sprachsensible Angebote für Zweitsprachenlernende zu entwickeln, zu erproben und zu evaluieren. Die rekonstruktive Fallanalyse der Kunstkommunikation ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf die epistemischen und damit verbundenen sprachlichen Schritte der Kunsterschließung und auf die Möglichkeiten des Scaffolding. Für die fachliche und linguistische Analyse der Diskurspraktiken wird ein ausgewähltes dyadisches Setting im Kunstmuseum analysiert.
Videobasierte Fallarbeit zur Anbahnung unterrichtlicher Interaktionskompetenz in der Ausbildung von DaFZ-Lehrkräften
Authors: Siebold Kathrin , Obornik Leandra
Published: August 2023

Diese Studie untersucht die Wirksamkeit videobasierter Fallarbeit zur Anbahnung unterrichtlicher Interaktionskompetenzen angehender DaFZ-Lehrpersonen. Zunächst werden interaktionsbezogene Wissensbestände sowie analytische und reflexive Kompetenzfacetten als angestrebte Lernziele eines Didaktikseminars im Masterstudiengang Deutsch als Fremdsprache beschrieben. Anschließend wird deren Erwerb im Rahmen des Seminars anhand verschiedener Datensätze untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass videobasierte Fallarbeit in der Ausbildung von DaFZ-Lehrpersonen unterschiedliche Analyse- und Reflexionsfähigkeiten als Subfacetten lehrerseitiger Interaktionskompetenz schult und bedeutsame Bezüge zur späteren Berufspraxis herstellt.
Xenophon’s Memorabilia and Greek historiography. A comparative approach
Authors: Tamiolaki Melina
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a comparison between Xenophon’s Memorabilia and Greek historiography, with the aim of further illuminating Xenophon’s literary techniques. I pursue this comparison in two parts: in the first part, I deal with the verbs ἤκουσα (“I heard”), ὁρῶ (“I see”), and οἶδα (“I know”) and the expression δοκεῖ μοι (“it seems to me”), examining their uses in Xenophon and his most important historiographical predecessors respectively (Herodotus and Thucydides); in the second part, I turn to the section about Critias and Alcibiades (Mem. 1.2.12–48) and suggest some possible connections with Greek historiography. Throughout my analysis, I highlight both similarities and divergences between Xenophon’s techniques and certain historiographical methods and principles. I suggest that reading the Memorabilia in the light of Greek historiography enables a better evaluation of Xenophon’s literary techniques and that the manifold ways in which Xenophon evokes or differentiates himself from historiographical practices form part of an original apology.
Weight Loss and Sexual Activity in Adult Obese Individuals: Establishing a Causal Link
Authors: Tauchmann Harald , Wübker Ansgar
Published: August 2023

Obesity may not only be linked to undesirable health outcomes but also to limitations in sexual life. The present paper aims to assess whether there is a causal relationship between weight loss and sexual activity in adult obese individuals. To address the endogeneity of weight loss that is likely to result in biased estimation results, the analysis is based on data from a randomized field experiment. In this experiment, financial weight-loss rewards were offered to a random subgroup of participants and can be used as an exogenous source of weight variation in an instrumental variables approach. Estimation results indicate that for obese males losing weight, both the probability of being involved in a sexual relationship and the frequency of sexual intercourse increases. The same pattern of results is found when pooling both sexes in the sample. Due to the small share of women in the sample, the analysis yields no reliable results specifically for females.
Responding to the February 2021 Texas Freeze: A Case Study of the Reaction to the Cascading Effects of a Complex Disaster
Authors: Spraktes Faith , McEntire David A
Published: August 2023

The following article examines the cascading effects that took place from February 11–20, 2021, through the perspectives of emergency managers, FEMA employees, and others who responded to “The Texas Freeze.” The research discusses the literature on cascading disasters as well as the methodology that was utilized to conduct this study. It then examines the unique challenges experienced before and after the storm. In particular, the article explores the loss of power that subsequently resulted in the lack of water, the freezing of pipes, and flooding. In addition, it mentions other problems such as transportation and the provision of fuel as well as numerous consequences that posed considerable challenges for hospitals, long-term care facilities, and emergency managers. The article concludes with recommendations to strengthen infrastructure, mitigate winter storms, and increase planning and preparedness for complex disasters. The main point to be made is that far more consideration needs to be given to proactively understand and anticipate cascading disasters.
Effect of Ti3O5 addition on oxide evolution for HRB400
Authors: Li Hui , Cheng Xiang , Zhao Yu-hao , Kong Hui
Published: August 2023

The transient evolution of oxide was studied after directly adding Ti3O5 powder into HRB400 steel. This experiment was carried out in magnesia crucible with vacuum induction furnace and the intermediate samples were taken at 1, 5, 10, and 15 min after Ti3O5 addition. At 20th min, the furnace was powered off to get furnace-cooled cast sample. For intermediate samples, it is found that with increasing treatment time, the titanium content increased though the acid–soluble aluminum content remained stable. Besides, the Ti-bearing oxides were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, statistical analysis indicated that for Ti-bearing oxide, both number density and titanium content after further normalization increased with increasing processing time. For cast sample, the characteristic of Ti-bearing oxide at different heights are similar. These results confirmed the adding valid of Ti3O5, which may be due to its decomposition. Finally, after heat treatment, these introduced Ti-bearing oxides can induce the intragranular ferrite nucleation. This indicates the effectiveness of external adding method in oxide metallurgy.
Crystal structure of bis(μ
2-2-(1,5-dimethyl–3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ
4
O:O,N,O′)-(nitrato-κ
2
O,O′)dicobalt(II), C36H32Co2N8O4
Authors: Tian Jiaze , Miao Siyi , Wan Xin , Mou Jin , Zhang Zhenchang , Tang Qiang , Pang Haixia
Published: August 2023

C36H32Co2N8O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.2971(12) Å, b = 13.1008(13) Å, c = 11.0864(11) Å, β = 99.174(2)°, V = 1763.2(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0277, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0818, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene-N,N′-bis(1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,3,2-diazaborol-2-yl)-l
2-germenediamine, C63H94B2GeN8
Authors: Wang Bing , Hu Yi-Fei , Wu Di
Published: August 2023

C63H94B2GeN8, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 17.1750(7) Å, b = 19.1188(7) Å, c = 19.4359(8) Å, V = 6382.1(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0539, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1483, T = 170 K.
Crystal structure of [N(E),N′(E)]-N,N′-(1,4-phenylenedimethylidyne)bis-3,5-bis(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine, C26H36N6
Authors: Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Ageishi Keigo , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: August 2023

C26H36N6, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 5.7137(2) Å, b = 10.4374(3) Å, c = 11.1141(3) Å, α = 104.980(3)°, β = 94.279(3)°, γ = 93.876(3)°, V = 635.89(3) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0503, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1220, T = 178 K.
Ordinary Aesthetics and Ethics in the Haiku Poetry of Matsuo Bashō: A Wittgensteinian Perspective
Authors: Pignocchi Tomaso
Published: August 2023

This article explores how the notion ofordinary aestheticscan stem, as well as the one ofordinary ethics, from thatrevolution of the ordinarystarted by Wittgenstein and further developed by philosophers like Cavell and Diamond. The idea ofordinary ethicsemphasizes the importance of everyday life and the particular details of our experiences. This concept can be extended to aesthetics, forming the basis of a modality of aesthetic appreciation that recognize values and importance in the details and nuances of everyday experience. One example of suchordinary aestheticscan be found in thehaikupoetry of Bashō. Bashō’s poetry often focuses on the ordinary and mundane aspects of life, such as the changing of seasons, the sound of rain, or the sight of a bird in flight, but also on that lower world made of insects, rotten foliage, and excrements. Bashō conveys in poetry the core ofZenphilosophy, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all things and the value of living in the present moment. This approach to aesthetics offers an alternative to more traditional modes of aesthetic appreciation, which tend to prioritize grandeur, spectacle, and formal perfection. Ultimately, the concept of ordinary aesthetics invites us to find the intrinsic importance in the simple things that surround us and to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the richness of our everyday lives.
Study on aging mechanism of SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Shao Hu , Tang Jianya , He Wenzheng , Huang Shuang , Yu Tengjiang
Published: August 2023

Component ratio change is considered to be the main reason leading to the deterioration of asphalt properties, but there are few studies on the aging mechanism from the perspective of modifier molecules. To reveal the aging mechanism of styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compound-modified asphalt, the micro mechanism in the aging process was studied by combining molecular dynamics (MD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). First, MD was used to establish the micro models of SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt at different aging stages (non-aging, short-term aging, and long-term aging) and to verify its rationality. Second, the micro characteristics of the SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt micro model, such as solubility parameters, diffusion coefficient, interface interaction energy, and radial distribution function, were analyzed by calculation. Finally, the FTIR results proved the rationality of the simulation and explained the aging mechanism of SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt. The results show that the cohesiveness density and solubility parameters of SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt increase, the diffusion coefficient decreases, and the molecular interface stability increases during the aging process. And, the carbonyl index, sulfoxide index, and aromatic ring index increased in different degrees after aging. The study explains the aging mechanism of SBS/SBR compound-modified asphalt from the perspective of modifier molecules and provides a theoretical basis for the research of asphalt anti-aging.
A review on in-situ process analytical techniques for the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Yongping , Xu Tao , Bhattacharya Sankar
Published: August 2023

Coal and biomass are important feedstocks for carbon energy from thermochemical conversion process. Fully understanding the analytical technology that characterizes the changes in physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of coal and biomass during the thermochemical reactions is a key prerequisite for the realization of appropriate utilization of energy fuels. Modern in-situ process analysis technology can accomplish the in-situ detection of the experimental process, and therefore reflect the experimental process more accurately. Moreover, it is developing towards automation, intelligentization, and comprehensive detection. Based on the characteristics of each detection technology, this paper summarizes the basic principles, application scope and performance characteristics of the three advanced in-situ process analysis technologies: hyphenated technology, synchrotron radiation, and online analysis. The practicability and accuracy of each detection technology in coal and biomass research are compared and analyzed, and its latest application and development trend are elucidated. These tools not only make up for the shortcomings of traditional detection techniques in characterizing the in-situ reaction, but also provide complementary information on molecular microscopic changes during fuel thermal conversion. This review paper can provide insights for relevant researchers in the selection of analytical techniques, and promote in-depth study on microcosmic mechanism of fuel conversion.
Linearity test of triangular waveform generators
Authors: Alegria Francisco André Corrêa
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a novel approach for accurately testing triangular waveform generators by leveraging the Ramp Vernier Test methodology commonly used for Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). The proposed procedure enables efficient measurement of the nonlinearity of a triangular waveform using a low-cost data acquisition board. The key idea is to utilize the waveform generator under test to produce the stimulus signal for the data acquisition system’s testing. By analyzing the results of this test, the nonlinearity of the acquisition system can be determined and subsequently corrected. This approach effectively eliminates the influence of the acquisition system’s nonlinearity on the estimation of the nonlinearity of the waveform generator, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements.
Umformen von Bipolar-Halbplatten mittels Hochdruck-Blechumformung
Authors: Albert André , Porstmann Sebastian , Edelmann Achim , Müller Patrick , Psyk Verena , Kräusel Verena
Published: August 2023

In diesem Beitrag werden die Hochdruck-Blechumformung (HBU) und deren Potenzial zur Umformung von Bipolar-Halbplatten behandelt. Zunächst werden die verfahrenstechnischen Grundlagen und eine exemplarische Bauteilgeometrie sowie deren Umformergebnis vorgestellt. Basierend darauf werden insbesondere die Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung der Produktionsrate aufgezeigt.
Automatisiertes Roboterschweißen in der Einzelteilfertigung für KMU
Authors: Weißer Benjamin , Kuner David , Uhrhan Christoph
Published: August 2023

Automatisierung und Roboterschweißen bieten Unternehmen in Hochlohnländern neue Perspektiven angesichts sich ändernder Anforderungen und des Fachkräftemangels. Cobots ermöglichen eine einfache Programmierung ohne trennende Schutzeinrichtungen. Mit Echtzeitüberwachungssystemen können Qualitätsprobleme vermieden werden. Das Roboterschweißen eliminiert Gefahrenquellen und ermöglicht eine bessere Überwachung des Prozesses. Kleine Handwerksbetriebe können ihre vorhandenen Handschweißgeräte in die Roboterzelle integrieren, mit minimalem finanziellem Risiko.
Verfahrenskombination aus inkrementeller Blechumformung und Laserpulverauftragsschweißen
Authors: Joghan Hamed Dardaei , Hölker-Jäger Ramona , Hahn Marlon , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: August 2023

Die inkrementelle Blechumformung wurde mit Laserpulverauftragsschweißen kombiniert, um schalenförmige Leichtbauteile mit Funktionselementen herzustellen. Die Verfahrenskombination lässt die Fertigung von leichten, funktionalisierten Bauteilen, ohne den Einsatz bauteilspezifischer Werkzeuge, bei effizientem Materialeinsatz erwarten. Es sind keine besonderen Strategien zur Anpassung der Substratoberfläche auf den additiven Fertigungsprozess erforderlich, und über eine segmentierte Baustrategie lässt sich der thermische Verzug des Substrats reduzieren.
Lean Photovoltaik
Authors: Kern Ferdinand , Mielke Tim , Biernath Helge
Published: August 2023

Der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien stellt weltweit eine große Herausforderung dar. Zahlreiche nationale und internationale Abkommen und Gesetze fördern und fordern einen sehr viel stärkeren Ausbau als bisher. Ein wesentlicher Beitrag wird dabei vom Ausbau der Photovoltaik (PV) erwartet. Große Solarkraftwerke erreichen eine Ausdehnung über viele Hektar und umfassen hunderttausende Module. Mit den zunehmenden Stückzahlen steigt auch das Potenzial, den Ausbau mit Methoden des Fabrikbetriebs effizienter und schneller zu gestalten. Allerdings lassen sich die etablierten Ansätze, wie z. B. Ganzheitliche Produktionssysteme (GPS), nicht ohne weiteres von der Fabrik auf die PV-Baustellen übertragen, da sich die Bedingungen vor Ort in vielerlei Hinsicht unterscheiden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Herausforderungen bei der Montage von PV-Kraftwerken beschrieben und die Unterschiede zum Fabrikbetrieb dargelegt. Die Potenziale für die Einführung von GPS werden anhand einer Ist-Aufnahme analysiert. Hierfür wurden Solar-Projekte der Firma Sunstall Inc., USA begleitet. In einem weiteren Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Anwendung von GPS vorgestellt.
Bitter legacy: archaeology of early sugar plantation and slavery in São Tomé
Authors: Cruz M. Dores , Thomas Larissa , Ceita M. Nazaré
Published: August 2023

Praia Melão, the largest sugar mill and estate in São Tomé, active from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, is the first archaeological site ever investigated on the island. It embodies the inception of the plantation economic system predicated on the labour of enslaved people and of local resistance.
Neural Representation of Donating Time and Money
Authors: Kwon Seh-Joo , van Hoorn Jorien , Do Kathy T. , Burroughs Melissa , Telzer Eva H.
Published: August 2023

Volunteering and charitable donations are two common forms of prosocial behavior, yet it is unclear whether these other-benefitting behaviors are supported by the same or different neurobiological mechanisms. During an fMRI task, 40 participants (20 female-identifying; age: mean = 18.92 years, range = 18.32-19.92 years) contributed their time (in minutes) and money (in dollars) to a variety of local charities. With the maximum amount of time and money that participants could spend on these charities, they did not differentially donate their time and money. At the neural level, donating time and money both showed activations in brain regions involved in cognitive control (e.g., dorsolateral PFC) and affective processing (e.g., dorsal anterior cingulate cortex), but donating time recruited regions involved in reward valuation (e.g., ventral striatum) and mentalizing (e.g., temporal pole) to a greater extent than donating money. Further, the precuneus, which is also a region involved in mentalizing, more strongly tracked the varying amount of money than time donated, suggesting that the precuneus may be more sensitive to the increasing magnitude of a nonsocial exchange (e.g., donating money is a financial exchange) than a social exchange (e.g., donating time is an interpersonal exchange). Our findings elucidate shared as well as distinct neurobiological properties of two prosocial behaviors, which have implications for how humans share different resources to positively impact their community.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProsocial behaviors broadly characterize how humans act to benefit others. Various prosocial behaviors, such as volunteering and charitable donations, share the goal of positively contributing to community. Our study identifies brain regions that may serve as ubiquitous neurobiological markers of community-based prosocial behaviors. Despite this shared goal, our study also shows that the human brain responds to donating time and money in diverging ways, such that brain regions associated with processing emotional reward and thinking about others are more strongly recruited for donating time than for money. Therefore, our study sheds light on how different personal resources, such as one's time and money, within a prosocial context are represented in the brain.
The two‐step cargo recognition mechanism of heterotrimeric kinesin
Authors: Jiang Xuguang , Ogawa Tadayuki , Yonezawa Kento , Shimizu Nobutaka , Ichinose Sotaro , Uchihashi Takayuki , Nagaike Wataru , Moriya Toshio , Adachi Naruhiko , Kawasaki Masato , Dohmae Naoshi , Senda Toshiya , Hirokawa Nobutaka
Published: August 2023

Kinesin‐driven intracellular transport is essential for various cell biological events and thus plays a crucial role in many pathological processes. However, little is known about the molecular basis of the specific and dynamic cargo‐binding mechanism of kinesins. Here, an integrated structural analysis of the KIF3/KAP3 and KIF3/KAP3‐APC complexes unveils the mechanism by which KIF3/KAP3 can dynamically grasp APC in a two‐step manner, which suggests kinesin‐cargo recognition dynamics composed of cargo loading, locking, and release. Our finding is the first demonstration of the two‐step cargo recognition and stabilization mechanism of kinesins, which provides novel insights into the intracellular trafficking machinery.
Conciencia ambiental frente al cambio climático en los estudiantes de 5° grado de educación secundaria
Authors: Rojas Avila Hector
Published: August 2023

De tantos problemas que debe afrontar la humanidad, la degradación ambiental es uno de ellos, la cual genera impactos negativos a nivel local, nacional y global; por lo tanto, la humanidad tiene la responsabilidad de identificar las causas y consecuencias de los diferentes problemas ambientales, para así adoptar acciones adecuadas que le permitan mitigarlos. Por las razones indicadas, la presente investigación busca identificar en los estudiantes que están culminando la EBR (5° grado de secundaria) el nivel de conocimiento que tienen sobre el cambio climático y su relación con la conciencia ambiental. Para ello, la metodología empleada es el enfoque cuantitativo y la población que formó parte del estudio fueron los estudiantes de la I. E. José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira, del distrito de San Buenaventura. Finalmente, se realiza el análisis de los resultados y se llega a la conclusión que existe correlación positiva regular entre las dos variables planteadas.
Mineralogía, texturas y su relación con la evolución del skarn Santa Isabel de Moro
Authors: Salas Colca Ángel Carlos
Published: August 2023

El skarn Santa Isabel de Moro es un skarn cálcico, localizado en los flancos occidentales de la Cordillera Negra en el norte del Perú, la mineralización se ha originado por el emplazamiento de plutones de granodiorita y cuarzodiorita en las calizas de la Formación Santa. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar los minerales y las texturas de las rocas encajantes y estructuras mineralizadas para determinar el origen y la evolución del depósito. La metodología empleada fue la petrografía y difracción de rayos X de muestras de afloramientos y de interior mina, esto integrado con un cartografiado geológico. Las rocas detríticas se encuentran metamorfizadas a hornfels, al igual que los niveles de calizas a mármol, la alteración prógrada consiste en granates y clinopiroxenos y óxidos de hierro, la alteración retrograda consiste venillas de calcita y cuarzo asociado a sulfuros. En el depósito se encuentran tres estilos de mineralización: I) Fe, II) Cu-Zn, y III) Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag(-Mn); cada uno de ellos está asociado a un plutón parental diferente, por otro lado, tanto las rocas encajantes y la mineralización presentan texturas de deformación.
Seguridad basada en el comportamiento y accidentabilidad de los colaboradores de una empresa minera
Authors: Cabanillas Coba Agripina
Published: August 2023

Diariamente suceden en empresas mineras eventos o accidentes de trabajo con resultados de lesiones y fatalidades; de acuerdo a estudios realizados la causa raíz más frecuente de accidentes de trabajo son por actitudes subestándar, de esta forma se reconoce el requerimiento de realizar una investigación con la aplicación basada en la Seguridad Basada en el Comportamiento (SBC) para el análisis y mejora del comportamiento del colaborador, el objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer la influencia de la SBC y la tendencia de accidentes de los colaboradores para enfocarse  y trabajar más en la conducta del colaborador, ya que es esta la que ayuda a la anticipación, reconocimiento, evaluación y control de aquellos factores originados o provenientes de los actos subestándares de trabajo, que pueden provocar accidentes, deterioro de la salud, bienestar, incomodidad e ineficiencia. De las investigaciones realizadas se muestra una disminución de accidentabilidad de un 90% basada en la aplicación de la SBC, y se determina gran relación en las variables Seguridad basada en el comportamiento y accidentabilidad de los colaboradores.
Ecoeficiencia en el Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil – RENIEC, entidad autónoma del Estado Peruano
Authors: Barreto Dávila Celso Nicanor , Alcántara Boza Francisco Alejandro
Published: August 2023

La Gestión de Ecoeficiencia en el RENIEC, donde sus 4 000 servidores a nivel nacional utilizan y consumen ingentes cantidades de recursos para sus procesos, lo cual constituye una problemática ambiental por la generación de impactos negativos. A través de esta investigación con enfoque científico, y metodología de diseño experimental y análisis de varianza aplicándose a una muestra aleatoria de servidores, conformándose dos grupos (experimental y control), a quienes se tomó un pre y post test (ambos grupos), y a su vez se capacitó intensivamente al grupo experimental en ecoeficiencia y temas conexos. Asimismo, se analizó reportes de compras y consumos mensuales de la entidad; lográndose el cambio de paradigmas y mejor desempeño de los servidores, como es el consumo racional y eficiente de los recursos energéticos y materiales (electricidad, combustible, agua, papel, tóner, entre otros); y a su vez fomentando las compras verdes o productos con ecodiseño.
Los resultados obtenidos fueron el ahorro del gasto institucional, reducción de los impactos ambientales negativos y la inflexión de los indicadores de consumo como: Agua en 0.17 %, electricidad en 31 %, papel bond en 80.9 %, tóner en 25 % y generación de residuos sólidos en 19 %; evidenciándose prácticas ecoeficientes de los servidores en sus procesos.
Planeamiento estratégico para el incremento de la productividad en el Consorcio Minero Horizonte, año 2020
Authors: Loayza Susanibar Guido Francisco
Published: August 2023

El estudio se centró en evaluar la incidencia del planeamiento estratégico en la productividad de la empresa Consorcio Minero Horizonte en el año 2020; para ello, se realizó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, nivel descriptivo y diseño no experimental, correlacional – causal y alcance temporal transeccional. Se emplearon como técnicas la revisión documental, la encuesta y la observación directa, y como instrumentos, la matriz FODA, el cuestionario y la ficha de recolección de datos; se consideró una muestra de 66 trabajadores. Los resultados determinaron que, 75.8% señaló que constantemente se involucra a diversos actores (trabajadores, comunidades, ONG) en las actividades de planificación de la empresa, mientras que un 15.2% consideraron que, para la implementación de esta actividad, tales actores nunca son tomados en cuenta; el análisis de las estadísticas históricas evidenció que disminuyó la productividad diaria sobre todo en el año 2020 cuando cayó en 21%. Las conclusiones determinaron que el planeamiento estratégico incide positivamente en la productividad de la empresa Consorcio Minero Horizonte en el año 2020. Asimismo, se tiene que el planeamiento estratégico puede influir positivamente en el rendimiento de los equipos, rendimiento de explotación, cumplimiento de producción y en la reducción de los costos operativos.
Efecto del flujo de carga durante el tratamiento por electrocoagulación en aguas residuales lácteas
Authors: Cachay Melly Jaime Alberto , Quipuzco Ushñahua Lawrence Enrique
Published: August 2023

Con frecuencia se estudia la electrocoagulación considerando la intensidad de corriente o densidad de corriente como un parámetro determinante al buscar las condiciones óptimas de tratamiento de aguas residuales; sin embargo, estos se encuentran correlacionados al parámetro flujo de carga (Charge loading) que regula la dosis del metal que se disolverá. Debido a ello, el presente estudio incorpora al flujo de carga para encontrar las condiciones óptimas de tratamiento mediante electrocoagulación a los efluentes de una industria láctea, la planta piloto de leche de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, tomando como variable respuesta a la remoción de la turbidez. Se ha trabajado en batch en prototipos de 2.2 litros de capacidad efectiva. Los electrodos de aluminio y hierro, actuando como ánodo y cátodo respectivamente, fueron los mejores materiales para el tratamiento, además se alcanzó la mayor remoción de turbidez a un pH de 8 y un flujo de carga de 5.65 F/m3, logrado a 2 Amperios (2A) de corriente suministrada y 10 minutos de tratamiento. Posteriormente, la prueba bajo un flujo de carga constante (5.65 F/m3) reafirmó que a 2A y 10 minutos de tratamiento electroquímico se logra las mayores remociones de contaminantes, principalmente aceites y grasas y, turbidez.
Evaluación de riesgos en las estaciones de compresión de gas natural comprimido
Authors: Ramírez Barbieri Juan Carlos , Huapaya Ramírez Oskar Michael
Published: August 2023

Este articulo tiene como objetivo presentar los riesgos en las operaciones en las estaciones de compresión de gas natural comprimido, a los cuales los colaboradores están expuestos a accidentes y a enfermedades ocupacionales.  El proceso de carga de gas natural consiste en el llenado de gas natural comprimido a un semirremolque mediante el uso de una manguera de alta presión desde una mesa de carga conectada a un semirremolque, donde el gas proviene del ducto de Cálidda y es comprimido mediante compresores para gas natural. Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo, se evaluó los riesgos más relevantes en el proceso de carga de gas natural comprimido.

La metodología que se implanto se basó en la información recabada de los trabajadores de la empresa (accidentes ocurridos, exámenes médicos ocupacionales realizados, encuestas u otros registros), clasificando los tipos de riesgos existentes en cada tarea según el puesto de trabajo, donde identificamos el peligro y evaluamos el nivel de riesgo, determinando el proceso donde ocurre el riesgo más relevante.

Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores más expuestos a accidentes o contraer una enfermedad ocupacional están en la tarea de Ingreso al Bunker de Compresores para verificar parámetros de presión y temperatura que están expuesto a exposición de ruidos elevados con un 32% de riesgo físico alto que ocurre en el proceso de compresión de gas natural, seguido de la tarea Salida del semirremolques que están expuestos los trabajadores  a unidades en movimiento con un 20% de riesgo locativo alto que ocurre en el proceso de carga de gas natural comprimido.
La auditoría como prevención del riesgo ambiental en las agroindustrias de La Libertad - 2021
Authors: Torres Salas Theo Christian
Published: August 2023

La planificación de las auditorías ambientales resulta muy importante como aporte a la gestión ambiental de las empresas agroindustriales de Trujillo y Virú, provincias de La Libertad, las cuales se localizan en la costa norte del Perú. Como parte de la inversión en prevención de riesgos ambientales estas auditorías se planifican y ejecutan con regularidad para detectar oportunamente los riesgos propios de sus operaciones. Al año, son más de 10 días los que se utilizan para ejecutar estas auditorías. Sobre las auditorías y el costo que representan, existe una relación inversamente proporcional, ya que estas representan menos del 20% del presupuesto en inversión en prevención, sin embargo, se reconocen en ellas el gran valor en cuanto a sus resultados, los cuales son tomados para mejorar el cumplimiento del marco legal ambiental aplicable, especialmente aquel sobre el cual son fiscalizadas las empresas agroindustriales. Algunos factores que han sido relevantes con relación a las auditorías y la prevención de riesgos han sido los cambios normativos del sector agroindustrial, la duración de la pandemia, la exigencia de partes interesadas y la calificación y experiencia de los auditores quienes llevaron a cabo las auditorías y permitieron detectar aquellos elementos relevantes sobre los cuales actuar.