bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal links and the nature of the English war retinue: a case study of John Mowbray, earl marshal, and the campaign of 1415
Authors: Curry Anne
Published: April 2021

Au cours de la phase de la guerre de Cent Ans qui correspond au xve siècle, les armées anglaises furent levées par le moyen de contrats passés entre la Couronne et des hommes qui se chargeaient de pourvoir un certain nombre de soldats pour une période précise de service. Ce système est bien documenté dans les archives de la série de l’Échiquier aujourd’hui conservee aux National Archives/Public Record Office. Ces sources nous fournissent une grande richesse d’informations au sujet de l’importance numérique et de l’organisation des armées, et elles nous donnent aussi des listes de noms de soldats en service effectif. Toutefois, elles ne nous permettent pas de savoir comment les capitaines recrutaient leurs troupes. John Mowbray, comte maréchai, avait l’intention de servir dans la campagne de 1415 avec 200 hommes. Dans son cas, nous disposons non seulement de la documentation de l’Échiquier mais aussi du compte du receveur général pour la période allant de septembre 1414 au mois de septembre de l’année suivante. Ce document contient de nombreuses informations sur les preparatifs de campagne du comte et nous permet de voir comment celui-ci recruta ses troupes. La principale conclusion que nous pouvons tirer de cette étude est que les officiers et les membres de son hôtel formaient le coeur de sa retenue de guerre au cours de cette campagne.
Louis Veuillot, L’Univers and the Ultramontane network in nineteenth-century France
Authors: Mc Millan James F.
Published: April 2021

Ce n’est pas l’idéologie ultramontaine intransigeante de l’époque de Pie IX (1846- 1878) qui est etudiee ici, mais les canaux par lesquels elle se diffuse. L’exemple retenu est sans doute le plus significatif, puisqu’il est celui du réseau constitué autour de la principale figure de l’ultramontanisme en France, Louis Veuillot, et de son grand journal L’Univers.Avant de 1’aborder, 1’auteur revient sur les réseaux ultramontains du premier xixe siècle frangais: l’école menaisienne, les séminaires, la nonciature. Il évoque le rôle de la presse et, à travers cette dernière, le cas de L’Univers. Il montre la position centrale du journal dans 1’ultramontanisme frangais car il fédère les énergies des éléments du petit clergé, des ordres religieux, des prélats, de la nonciature, de la société lai’que et de la noblesse légitimiste gagnés à la cause pontificale. Le succès du périodique lui permet de rayonner au-delà des frontières, jusqu’à la Curie même.James F. Mc Millan décrit aussi l’équipe de L’Univers et la façon dont elle fonctionne. Pour elle, l’ultramontanisme est moins une idéologic qu’un sentiment d’appartenance commune à une famille spirituelle. La spiritualite est ici encouragee par l’amitié et, en retour, l’amitié est nourrie par une spiritualité partagee.
Pouvoir militaire et société au Pérou aux xixe et xxe siècles
Authors: Bullick Lucie
Published: April 2021

La « question militaire » est au centre de cet ouvrage qui se situe à l’intersection entre histoire et politologie. Il retrace la genèse et les principales étapes de la modernisation extravertie des forces armées péruviennes qui, loin d’être homogènes ou isolées de l’ensemble de la société, entretiennent des contacts permanents avec les divers aspirants au pouvoir. Tout en esquissant le contexte éco­nomique et social dans lequel s’insère l’activisme politique des mili­taires, il rappelle les principales manifestations de leur pouvoir tant au XIXe qu’au XXe siècle. Mise en œuvre à la fin des années 1960. l’expérience du « militarisme réformiste » est également l’occasion d’analyser les mécanismes et les pratiques politiques spécifiques des généraux qui. après douze ans d’engagement direct dans les affaires publiques, prennent finalement le chemin du retour aux casernes en 1980.

Si de nouvelles réalités nationales et internationales les obli­gent depuis à redéfinir leurs champs d’intervention traditionnels, les militaires ne sont pas pour autant des acteurs révolus ou déjà acquis aux valeurs démocratiques. En témoigne le développement politique péruvien de la dernière décennie: le régime instauré au début des années 1990 consacre la formation d’une alliance entre un Exécutif fort et un secteur de l’institution militaire. En retraçant l’histoire des relations entre les forces armées et la société politique péruviennes, l’ouvrage permet de mieux comprendre leur évolution actuelle. Une évolution qui intéresse l’ensemble des pays de démocratisation récente dans la mesure où semble émerger un nouveau type de régime en même temps qu’une conception différente de la pratique politique et des rapports à la société.
Le français de la région lilloise
Authors: Lefebvre Anne
Published: April 2021

Le français du Nord, variété régionale largement ignorée de la langue nationale, n’avait pas encore été décrit. Anne Lefebvre en identifie les traits généraux et la dynamique qui s’esquisse, essentiellement sous la pression de l’école et des médias.
Puissance conceptuelle et puissance informatique
Authors: Dutrenit Jean-Marc
Published: April 2021

L’informatique peut n’être utilisée que pour inscrire et faire circuler l’information ; et, en ce cas, son apport est bien réduit. Si, au contraire, elle est utilisée pour établir des rapports, pour tester des hypothèses, elle peut être d’un éminent secours. L’exemple d’hypothèses dans le domaine de l’assistance est exposé ici comme illustration de cet usage. Il souligne que l’initative conceptuelle ne peut être attendue que du chercheur lui-même.
Postface. Dix commandements pour réussir une coopération franco-québécoise
Authors: Ansart Pierre
Published: April 2021

Dix commandements pour réussir et maintenir une coopération inter universitaire franco-québécoise :

1. Susciter des opportunités
2. Chercher les complémentarités scientifiques
3. Constituter une cellule d’initiateurs
4. Ne pas tout attendre des organismes officiels
5. Apprendre à solliciter les subventions
6. Renouveler les thèmes de recherche
7. Renouveler les personnes
8. Chercher les divergences
9. Publier les résultats
10. Ne pas bouder les plaisirs de la coopération.
Mines, terres et société à Zacatecas (Mexique) de la fin du xviie siècle à l’indépendance
Authors: Langue Frédérique
Published: April 2021

Célèbre pour ses mines d’argent, la région de Zacatecas connaît à partir de la fin du xviie siècle un renouveau de ses activités économiques. Une dynamique sociale originale accompagne cette reprise minière exceptionnelle : celle de l’immigrant espagnol, hidalgo parfois désargenté, venu en Nouvelle- Espagne sans autre bagage que son ambition voire ses relations familiales, qui s’enrichit, devient un grand propriétaire terrien et va jusqu’à acquérir un titre de noblesse.

F. Langue analyse ces relations entre la conjoncture de l’exploitation minière et l’évolution sociale. Elle met en valeur la dualité des personnages qui tirent profit de la situation : ils sont modernes du point de vue économique, et peuvent être rapprochés de l’“entrepreneur” au sens de J.-B. Say mais ils se caractérisent aussi sur le plan social par des comportements que l’on peut qualifier de “seigneuriaux” (liens personnels, systèmes de clientèles). Et il n’est pas surprenant de constater que le type social ainsi créé perdure tout au long du dix-neuvième siècle mexicain, constituant ainsi un exemple d’inscription de mentalités dans la longue durée.
Familles byzantines : les Argyroi (ixe-xie siècles)
Authors: Vannier Jean-François
Published: April 2021

Ce travail est la première partie d’une recherche prosopographique sur la famille des Argyroi. C’est l’intérêt que nous portons à la composition et à l’histoire de la société byzantine qui nous a conduit à l’étude des nombreuses familles qui la composent. Depuis Charles du Cange, qui a publié en 1680 ses Familiae Augustae Byzantinae, jusqu’à nos jours, rares sont les familles dont les membres se sont illustrés de quelque façon que ce soit, qui n’aient fourni matière à un livre, une thèse ou un article dans une revue spécialisée ; mais de plus en plus, les travaux de géographie historique, d’histoire économique ou institutionnelle, rendent nécessaire une identification claire et précise des individus qui ont contribué, parfois de façon modeste, il est vrai, à faire l’Histoire. A cet égard, la notice prosopographique est devenue indispensable ; non seulement elle établit une filiation et des liens familiaux, mais elle se doit de retracer toute une carrière.
François-Louis de Bourbon, prince de Conti : un prince du sang français sur le trône polonais ?
Authors: Skrzypietz Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

François-Louis de Bourbon, prince de La Roche-sur-Yon puis de Conti (1664-1709), est un prince du sang français. En 1696, l’ambassadeur de France à Varsovie, Melchior de Polignac, insiste pour le présenter comme candidat au trône de Pologne et promet le succès des élections. Sans consulter le principal intéressé, le roi de France accepte. Les écrits politiques de cette époque émanant de Polignac présentent le prince comme un futur souverain idéal, tandis que les opposants, craignant de perdre leur liberté sous le régime français, le montrent comme une menace pour leur pays. Alors que le roi de France refuse de financer la recherche de partisans sur place, Polignac se met en quête du soutien des plus grands magnats de Pologne. L’élection se tient ainsi dans une atmosphère de lutte fervente. Les partisans du candidat français, hésitants, reprochent à l’ambassadeur de les tromper. Les mémorialistes français quant à eux accusent les Polonais de vouloir mettre le prince en échec, leur reprochant leur déloyauté et leur avidité. Il est justifié de douter de la victoire française, en dépit des quelques actions intentées : la Pologne risque alors de voir éclater une guerre civile et le prince de Conti ne veut pas recourir à tous les moyens pour parvenir à ses fins. Il perd finalement l’élection, pour des raisons assez complexes. Son attitude reste énigmatique et contraint les historiens à s’en tenir aux spéculations.
Nobles hongrois polonophiles et la cour de France sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Tóth Ferenc
Published: April 2021

L’histoire des relations hungaro-polonaises à l’époque des Lumières connut une période particulièrement intensive pendant l’émigration des nobles polonais et hongrois en France. À partir de la fin du xviie siècle une partie des élites de ces deux pays était soutenue par la diplomatie française contre la monarchie des Habsbourg et la Russie. Des communautés hongroises et polonaises apparurent en France dès le début du xviiie siècle. L’émigration du prince François II Rákóczi et du roi Stanislas Leszczyński encouragea cette installation en France. Cette étude essaie de montrer le fonctionnement à la cour de France des réseaux de solidarité entre nobles polonais et hongrois qui bénéficiaient de l’appui des Leszczyński et des structures secrètes comme le secret du roi. L’amitié entre le roi Stanislas Leszczyński et le comte Ladislas Berchény, chef de l’immigration hongroise en France, symbolise bien cette coopération qui fonctionna jusqu’à leur mort et même après.
Using Data Science Software to Address Health Disparities
Authors: Huerta Jose O. , Prybutok Gayle L. , Prybutok Victor R.
Published: April 2021

The article assesses data science software to evaluate the usefulness of data science technology in addressing concerns such as health disparities. Data science software was analyzed using KDnuggets data related to analytics, data science, and machine learning software. Data science functionalities include computational processes and frameworks that are relevant for healthcare. This study demonstrates the importance of leading applications for conducting data science operations that can improve care in healthcare networks by addressing such factors as health disparities.
A Novel Sleep Scoring Algorithm-Based Framework and Sleep Pattern Analysis Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Aich Satyabrata , Kim Hee-Cheol
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the suited amount of sleep is considered the prime component for maintaining a proper and adequate health condition. Often it has been observed that people having sleep inconsistency tend to jeopardize the health and appeal to many physiological and psychological disorders. To overcome such difficulties, it is often required to keep a requisite note of the duration and quality of sleep that one is having. This work defines an algorithm that can be utilized in smart wearables or mobile phones to perceive the duration of sleep and also to classify a particular instance as slept or awake on the basis of data fetched from the triaxial accelerometer. A comparative analysis was performed based on the results obtained from some previously developed algorithms, rule-based models, and machine learning models, and it was observed that the algorithm developed in the work outperformed the previously developed algorithms. Moreover, the algorithm developed in the work will very much define the scoring of sleep of an individual for maintaining a proper health balance.
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm With Haar Wavelet for Maximum Target Coverage Node Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ganesan T. , Rajarajeswari Pothuraju
Published: April 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in industrial applications and focused on target coverage and node connectivity based WSNs. The set of sensors and targets is placed in optimal position the target coverage and node connectivity achieving maximum with limited senor nodes. To resolve this problem, the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm combined with lifting wavelet multi-resolution principles for recognizing optimal position for sensors to cover entire targets present in the fields. The hybrid genetic algorithm randomly identifies each sensor position and 2D Haar lifting wavelet transform to improve the quality of target coverage by adjusting node position. The 2D Haar lifting decomposes the population matrix into the optimal position of sensors. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm and fast local search method compared with available algorithms improves the target coverage and the number of nodes with varying and fixed sensing ranges with a different region.
Data Science and Machine Learning Technique for Predicting Electrical Resistivity in Recycled Concrete with Nopal as Addition
Authors: Guzmán-Torres José Alberto , Zalapa-Damian Arturo , Domínguez-Mota Francisco Javier , Guzmán Elia Mercedes Alonso
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, the solid residues of concrete are considered waste, and this have been transformed into an environmental problem. This study analyzes the use of aggregates that comes from the concrete demolition process in order to create recycled concrete. The use of this material reduces costs and mitigates pollution. The present research describes the comparison of concrete blends using Opuntia Ficus Indica as an addition and recycled coarse aggregates as a substitution against a control blend. Mechanical and non-destructive tests were performed to evaluate the performance of each mixture. A data science technique was used to generate artificial data to increase the number of data to be evaluated. Numerical models were established to find correlations between all the features that describe the materials. The use of recycled aggregates and the use of the Opuntia Ficus Indica improved the performance in all the tests made to the concrete. Additionally, different models based on regression trees were used to predict with high accuracy the compressive strength in this kind of material just considering the electrical resistivity as an input parameter.
Non-Rigid Rotating Motion Effect on Creep Behavior for Infinite Cylinders under Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Seddighi Hamideh , Parhizkar Yaghoobi Mohammad , Ghannad Mehdi
Published: April 2021

The effect of non-rigid motion on creep analysis for cylinders have been investigated. inner surface of the cylinder is exposed to a uniform heat flux and for cooling the outer surface of the cylinder an air steam is applied to it. The cylinder is subjected to a body force. That produced by rotating cylinder about its own axis. It is assumed the cylinder is not rigid. Therefore, using equations of equilibrium, stress–strain and kinematic equation, governed equation which includes redial displacement and creep strains, is obtained. The material creep constitutive model is defined by the Bailey-Norton time-dependent creep law. From a solution consisting of analytical solution and iteration method has been used to obtain history of stresses and deformations during creep evolution of rotating cylinders. Therefore, Prandtle-Ruess equation substituted in equilibrium equation in the rate form, the radial displacement rate is obtained for plane strain condition. To investigate the effect of non-rigidity, the non-rigidity parameter (ζ) is defined and its effect on the creep behavior of the structure is investigated. It was revealed that Considering the structure as rigid does neglect the amount of stresses and radial displacement. History of stresses and displacement during 20 years are studied and it is observed that the changes have not accrued in recent years. The effect of velocity is another parameter that is investigated its effect on structural behavior during the time. it was revealed that, velocity has significant effect on structural behavior which cause trend of variation behavior change from linear to polynomial curve.
Crack Identification of Curved-Elements Using Wavelet Packet
Authors: Goldaran Reza , Kouhdaragh Mehdi
Published: April 2021

Wavelet Transform (WT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) approaches have shown great promise in the field of signal analysis in recent decades. The main merit of these methods is their capability in localization of each signal in distinct time or space interval. However, the frequency resolution of such transformation is relatively poor in high frequency regions. The WPT, which is an extended form of the WT, provides a complete level-by-level signal decomposition. Therefore, a frequency analysis creates an arbitrary time. In this study, dynamic transient analysis is performed employing a finite element software (ANSYS) on a beam and acceleration time history of various points is investigated. Then, the captured signals are decomposed to the wavelet packet components using MATLAB and energy rate index is calculated for each component utilizing a wavelet packet rate index (WPERI). The results indicate that not only are the obtained index values sensitive, but they also are precise for the crack identification.
Research on the Positioning Method of Single-Phase to Earth Fault in Distributed Distribution Network
Authors: Zhao Shi Qin , Cen Rong Jia , Shi Chun Qing
Published: April 2021

The existing high-density distributed distribution network single-phase earth fault interval location method has the disadvantage of long positioning time. Hence, a single-phase earth fault interval positioning method for high-density distributed distribution network is proposed to solve this problem. In order to accurately locate the single-phase earth fault interval of distribution network, zero-order equivalent model of distribution network is built at first. Next the clustering algorithm is used to extract the single-phase earth fault characteristics, while the single-phase earth fault phase current increment is calculated by using the analysis method to obtain the single-phase earth fault phase current increment law. Then a fault-maximum interval T-shaped structure is built to divide the potential fault interval. Finally, the S-transformation is applied to accurately locate the single-phase earth fault interval, and the localization of the single-phase earth fault interval of the high-density distributed distribution network is achieved. The experimental results show that comparing with the existing high-density distributed distribution network single-phase earth fault interval positioning method, the proposed high-density distributed distribution network single-phase earth fault interval positioning method dramatically reduces the positioning time. It is fully explained that the proposed method in this article has a better positioning effect.
A New Platform for Radio Astronomy Science Education
Authors: Yang Guang Pu , Dong Liang , He Le Sheng , Shen Fa Xin , Tian Bin , Li Sheng Yang
Published: April 2021

Radio astronomy telescope can get information from invisible universe by receiving electromagnetic waves. Difference from optical telescopes, there exists many difficulties for making the public understanding the radio astronomy phenomenon. In this paper, we will introduce a new platform for radio astronomy science popularization education in order to help public know radio telescope and radio astronomy. The platform consists of a 0.8meter parabolic antenna, a wide bandwidth low noise amplifier (LNA) and a Software Defined Radio (SDR) terminal. Based on SDR terminal which covers the band from 70MHz to 6GHz, we can get some strong emissions such as the Neutral hydrogen, solar radio bursts and so on in this band. People can carry out many radio astronomy experiments focusing on science popularization by this platform. This new science education tool can interest high school students in science and technology, also students can understand how radio telescopes works.
Influence of Permanent Magnets Installation Approach on the Torque of а Magneto-Rheological Disk Brake
Authors: Frolov Ilya Aleksandrovich , Vorotnikov Andrei Aleksandrovich , Bushuev Semyon Viktorovich , Melnichenko Elena Alekseevna , Poduraev Yuri Viktorovich
Published: April 2021

Magnetorheological braking devices function due to the organization of domain structures between liquid and solid magnetic materials under the action of an electromagnetic or magnetic field. The disc is most widely used as a rotating braking element that made of a solid magnetic material due to the large area of contact with a magnetorheological fluid. Many factors affect the braking characteristics of the magnetorheological disc brake. Specifically, the value of the magnetic field and how the field is distributed across the work element is significantly affected at the braking torque. There are different ways to generate a magnetic field. In this study, the method of installation of permanent magnets into the construction, allowing to increase the braking torque of the magnetorheological disc brake is proposed. Simulation modelling showing the distribution of the magnetic field across the disk depending on the installation of permanent magnets with different pole orientations were carried out. The model takes into account the possibility of increasing the gap between solid magnetic materials of the structure, inside them which the magnetorheological fluid is placed. Comparative estimation of the distribution of the magnetic fields depending on the chosen method of installation of permanent magnets with different orientations of their poles is carried out. Further research is planned to focus on a comparative assessment of the distribution of magnetic fields depending on the selected material of the braking chamber.
Design and Application of Galinstan Liquid Metal Fully Flexible Angular Displacement Sensor
Authors: Chen Heng Wei , Wang Xu Dong , Wang Liao , Zhou Wen , Li Yi Qing
Published: April 2021

In this study, we design and fabricate a fully flexible angular displacement sensor and a corresponding fish-shaped soft pneumatic actuator. We describe the design and fabrication process of the sensor and fabricate a corresponding physical object to apply it to the soft pneumatic actuator. Material experiments with silicone rubber were also conducted to obtain the linear relationship in its small deformation range. Through the theoretical analysis of the designed angular displacement sensor, a linear relationship between the bending angle of the soft pneumatic actuator and the resistance of the angular displacement sensor was obtained. And a bending angle visual measurement platform was built for experimental verification. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with the theory, and the designed angular displacement sensor has a good linear relationship when applied to a fish-shaped soft pneumatic actuator.
Research on Strain Transfer of Beam Sensor Based on Ansys Workbench
Authors: Li Bei , Zuo Xiao Jun , Gao Xiang
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the structural strain of the beam shear stress sensor is optimized, and the average strain of the strain sensor is simulated by Ansys Workbench. Firstly, the mathematic model of the beam sensor is established, and the stress and strain of the model are analyzed theoretically. Secondly, the finite element modeling of the sensor is carried out, and the finite element simulation of Ansys Workbench is carried out. The key dimensions of strain measurement are studied by parameter driven. Then the simulation results show that the effect of the production patch error on the output is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of mathematical model theory and finite element simulation is verified by calibration experiment.
Research on Electric Field Simulation of Ring Capacitance Sensor Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Wang Hui Ling , Cai Chun Li
Published: April 2021

The working principle of ring capacitance sensor is introduced, that is capacitance fringe effect. Finite element model is established through the Hybrid-Trefftz algorithm. Electric field analysis and simulation calculation of different sensor model are done with the finite element software ANSYS, and the optimal structure combination is obtained. And followed the example of optimal structure, the relation of dielectric constant and electric field intensity were given. The result of simulation shows the most direct and the most important two parameters that affect the sensor performance in the design of the ring capacitance sensor are the two electrodes spacing and the length. The dielectric constant of measured medium is smaller, the intensity of electric field intensity is greater. The simulation for subsequent product design has a good theoretical guidance.
Urdu Sign Language Reorganization via Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Li Chen , Malik Muhammad Amir
Published: April 2021

Sign languages display the same linguistic characteristics as oral languages and utilize the same language services. Sign language processing solutions provide a communication link for persons with hearing impairments and healthy persons. Without these icons' ability to understand, deaf children experience several challenges in learning social norms and cannot meet adults to exchange knowledge. Parents find it challenging to express their messages to their deaf children and not hear their children. This paper focused on establishing Urdu sign language to reduce the communication barrier between ordinary folks and physically impaired people. The present study observed the Urdu Sign Language in deaf children. In this paper, the process of detecting Urdu sign language alphabets is proposed. All the 37 alphabets are identified by using KNN, ANN, and SVM classifiers. Through these alphabets, the teachers at schools and the parents at home can communicate efficiently with their deaf children. Histogram of Gradient technique is used for feature extraction. Urdu Alphabetic are identified. Maximum accuracy is obtained by using a KNN classifier that was 99, which is a significant contribution. Our proposed results are comparable to the state of the art techniques.
Exploration of Intelligent Development of Medical Heritage
Authors: Li Jing Hua , Wang Ying Hui , Li Zong You , Yu Qi , Tian Ye , Wang Wei Bin , Wang Yi Meng , Huang Yan
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more new methods and technologies have been added to the traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance model, which makes the process of inheritance of famous doctors have more means, and the results of inheritance are more objective, rigorous and intelligent. In the process of inheriting the informationization of famous doctors, there are some bottlenecks, such as data acquisition difficulties, data processing difficulties, algorithm application difficulties, analysis and summary difficulties. Integration of artificial intelligence with big data, deep learning algorithm and knowledge atlas technology has brought technological innovation to the informationization of famous doctors' inheritance. Under this wave, the team of the Intelligent Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, has developed a series of professional application systems in the field of traditional Chinese medicine around the planning of famous doctors' inheritance and excavation, and has developed ancient Chinese medicine, such as Today's Medical Records Cloud Platform, Medical Records Big Data Analysis Platform, Cloud Medical Records APP, Famous Medical Heritage Workstation. To a certain extent, it can solve the problems of inefficient collection of medical records, lack of objective data support and information barriers in the summary of famous doctors' experience under the limitation of traditional model, so as to promote the inheritance of famous doctors' experience and enhance the teaching ability and efficiency of teachers and apprentices.
Human Action Recognition Using CNN-SVM Model
Authors: Athavale Vijay Anant , Gupta Suresh Chand , Kumar Deepak , Savita
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a pre-trained CNN model VGG16 with the SVM classifier is presented for the HAR task. The deep features are learned via the VGG16 pre-trained CNN model. The VGG 16 network is previously used for the image classification task. We used VGG16 for the signal classification of human activity, which is recorded by the accelerometer sensor of the mobile phone. The UniMiB dataset contains the 11771 samples of the daily life activity of humans. A Smartphone records these samples through the accelerometer sensor. The features are learned via the fifth max-pooling layer of the VGG16 CNN model and feed to the SVM classifier. The SVM classifier replaced the fully connected layer of the VGG16 model. The proposed VGG16-SVM model achieves effective and efficient results. The proposed method of VGG16-SVM is compared with the previously used schemes. The classification accuracy and F-Score are the evaluation parameters, and the proposed method provided 79.55% accuracy and 71.63% F-Score.
Study of Voice Communication System Based on FreeSWITCH
Authors: Qin Fu Xing , Zhang Li , Wang Zhong
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of communication technology, modern communication technology has been widely penetrated into modern national defense, science and technology, people's life and other fields, and has become a means to provide high-quality and seamless information communication between people and machines. With the rapid development of computer technology and the Internet, the traditional program-controlled switching technology has come to an end, and the soft-switch network based on IP technology and packet switching has gradually replaced the program-controlled switching network based on circuit switching and become the mainstream of today's communication network world. The rapid development of VOIP telephony reduces the cost of domestic and international long-distance telephony, benefiting consumers. Digital mobile communication expands channel capacity, improves service quality and promotes the rapid development of this industry. Based on the secondary development of the open source FreeSWITCH software, this paper develops a VOIP voice system based on IP technology to meet different user needs intelligently [1].
Recursive Algorithm and its Practice in C Language Online Course Teaching
Authors: Gu Ming
Published: April 2021

The recursive algorithm has two core issues which are the design of recursive parameter lists and exit condition. We summarized the types and characteristics of recursive algorithms, and extracted four types of representative recursive algorithms with different levels of difficulty. Pseudocodes of these algorithms are given and the core issues complexity of these algorithms is compared. The relatively complex and representative recursive algorithm of the maze path finding is described in detail. The description includes that the maze is expressed mathematically, using numbers from 0 to 9 to represent the path cost, using * to represent walls or obstacles, and abstracting the maze problem as a square maze represented by numbers and *. The maze path finding recursive algorithm has five steps which are the storage structure of the maze numbers and *, the consideration of the two core problems of the recursive algorithm, the recursive call in the four directions of the middle point and the printing of the maze path. The screenshot of the running result in C language is showed. Students are required to implement the maze path finding recursive algorithm in C language. Because the maze path finding recursive algorithm is interesting and challenging, it can stimulate students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning. In the current situation of online course teaching during the epidemic, considering the demand for C language programming ability, combining with the characteristics of higher vocational students and the difficulty of the maze path finding recursive algorithm, we designed and practiced the C Language online course teaching mode led by the recursive algorithms. The every step of the teaching mode is described in detail. From the feedback of students’ evaluation of teaching and teacher’s evaluation of learning, this teaching mode is praised by teachers and students.
Fabrication of Chemically Linked PEGylated Prodrugs for Hydrogel Carriers
Authors: Wang Tian Le
Published: April 2021

Some hydrophilic drugs (e.g. anti-tumor drug of doxorubicin (DOX) and anti-osteoporosis drug of alendronate sodium (ALN)) have great toxic and adverse effects on the human body. In this paper, two kinds of drug-loaded composite gel systems were prepared via mild and efficient chemical reaction synthesis, hyaluronic acid-linked ALN (HA-ALN) hydrogel and polyethylene glycol-linked DOX (Tetra-PEG-DOX) hydrogel. By characterizing their chemical structures, morphological networks, and ultraviolet absorption behaviors, two different types of drug-loaded composite gels can be constructed well. It is expected to achieve effective drug loading and controlled release. The two drug-loaded gels are applied in the fields of antitumor and anti-osteoporosis and exert their application value in the field of biomedicine.
Enhancement of Fatigue Life in St37 Steels by Carburizing Process
Authors: Joudaki Jalal , Safari Mehdi
Published: April 2021

Carburizing is a heat treatment process, which used widely for surface hardening. In this process, the parts are placed in a concentrated atmosphere of Carbon atoms. The carbon atoms diffuse in the samples from the surface. In the present article, the effects of carburizing temperature on fatigue life will be studied. The St37 steel material is selected for study due to its wide range of usage in industry and little attention on the carburizing of this material. The samples are prepared by implementing the carburizing process at different temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C). The holding time is 1 hour for all samples. The two-point bending fatigue tests had been carried out on constant loading stresses. The results of the fatigue life test show that the fatigue life enhances the carburizing process. The fatigue life improved from about 45000 cycles to about 65000 cycles (about 44% increase) by increasing the temperature from 300°C to 600°C. Holding at higher temperatures leads to an increase in fatigue life smoothly due to the increase in the diffusivity coefficient. Also, the fracture surface demonstrates that the crack initiation starts from outer surfaces very slowly and failure happens as a brittle fracture in the samples.
Using Iterative Discrete Wavelet Transform to Improve Trace Element Analysis by XRF Spectrometer
Authors: Ma Qian , Liu Lian , Li Fu Sheng , Zhao Yan Chun
Published: April 2021

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has certain difficulties of detecting trace amount material components accurately when measuring material samples composed of variable elements, mainly due to low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) issues of the characteristic spectroscopic peaks from the measurement. In this paper, a novel method called background noise reduction using Iterative Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) methodology for trace element material analysis by advanced X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is proposed to improve SNR, thereby decreasing the Limit of Detection (LOD) for elemental qualitative analysis, and then achieve a more accurate quantitative analysis of trace elemental concentration. This paper utilized handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to obtain the content of Sulphur in petroleum and 4 major pollution elements in soil. A total of 81 standard samples were collected and measured. The hardware parameters of the instrument were adjusted to optimize the SNR before background noise reduction. Experimental results illustrate that X-ray tube parameters have great influences on the calibration regression. Different X-ray tube voltages were tested and the optimal results were achieved at 5kV. Furthermore, IDWT algorithm was implemented and the optimal results were achieved by wavelet base “db5” and “sym4” with 7 level decomposition. The calibration regression curves were established for the Sulphur in petroleum. The regression R2 values after IDWT were increased effectively when compared with original data without IDWT. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate a very good linearity between the weight contents of the target material and the XRF spectral characteristic peak intensity, and also it is found the LOD for Sulphur in petroleum can be reduced when combing with the IDWT.
Surface Treatment to Promote Joining of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic and AZ31 Magnesium Alloy for Fiber Metal Laminates via Hot Metal Pressing
Authors: Lizzul Lucia , Sorgato Marco , Ghiotti Andrea , Bruschi Stefania
Published: April 2021

When fabricating fiber metal laminates, the joining between the metal sheet and the composite is affected by the chemical and mechanical properties at the interface. To this end, this study investigated the influence of different induced-surface characteristics of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets when joint with glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6. The treatments, carried out to modify the AZ31B surfaces, were annealing, sandblasting, and their combination. The mechanical and chemical interlocking at the metal-composite interface was assessed in terms of macroscopic and microscopic defects as well as lap shear strength. The obtained results indicated that the joint effectiveness was mainly affected by the annealing treatment, which induced both a chemical and morphological modification of the surface. The formed oxide layer at the interface, combined with surface topography modification, were capable to increase the lap shear strength up to 87%.
Numerical and Experimental Fracture Mechanical Investigations of Clinchable Sheet Metals Made of HCT590X
Authors: Weiß Deborah , Schramm Britta , Kullmer Gunter
Published: April 2021

In many areas of product manufacturing constructions consist of individual components and metal sheets that are joined together to form complex structures. A simple and industrial common method for joining dissimilar and coated materials is clinching. During the joining process and due to the service load cracks can occur in the area of the joint, propagate due to cyclic loading and consequently lead to structural failure. For the prevention of these damage cases, first of all knowledge about the fracture mechanical material parameters regarding the original material state of the sheet metals used within the clinching process are essential.Within the scope of this paper experimental and numerical preliminary investigations regarding the fracture mechanical behavior of sheet metals used within the clinching process are presented. Due to the low thickness of 1.5 mm of the material sheets, the development of a new specimen is necessary to determine the crack growth rate curve including the fracture mechanical parameters like the threshold against crack growth ΔKI,th and the fracture toughness KIC of the base material HCT590X. For the experimental determination of the crack growth rate curve the numerical calculation of the geometry factor function as well as the calibration function of this special specimen are essential. After the experimental validation of the numerically determined calibration function, crack growth rate curves are determined for the stress ratios R = 0.1 and R = 0.3 to examine the mean stress sensitivity. In addition, the different rolling directions of 0° and 90° in relation to the initial crack are taken into account in order to investigate the influence of the anisotropy due to rolling.
Development of Magnetic Field-Assisted Single-Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Gucciardi Marco , Benson Derrick , Fratini Livan , Buffa Gianluca , Yamaguchi Hitomi
Published: April 2021

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) has recently introduced the concept of material formability enhancement through localized deformation. Since material is processed by means of a pin tool attached to spindle, physical interference (especially in vertical direction) limits attainable shapes with the conventional process. The aim of the following work is to increase the variety of achievable geometries with SPIF through in-process magnetic field assistance. An innovative configuration managing SPIF tool movement using magnetic force is proposed. With this in mind, a magnet configuration was designed to generate a vertical load able to plastically deform a 0.5 mm thick AA1100 aluminum sheet. Experiments were carried out to prove the concept by manufacturing a truncated cone; the results demonstrated the feasibility of Magnetic Field-Assisted SPIF.
Investigation of Different Joining by Forming Strategies when Connecting Different Metals without Auxiliary Elements
Authors: Römisch David , Kraus Martin , Merklein Marion
Published: April 2021

Lightweight constructions become more and more important, especially in the mobility sector. In this industry, the increasingly strict regulations regarding the emissions of carbon dioxide can be achieved to a certain extent by reducing the vehicle weight. Thus, multi-material systems are used. Conventional joining techniques reach their limits when joining different materials due to different thermal expansion, unequal stiffness or chemical incompatibilities. This is why additional joining elements or adhesives are used. These must be viewed critically regarding a lightweight and resource-efficient production, since they add weight or complicate the recycling process of these components. Consequently, there is a great and growing need for new versatile joining technologies in order to overcome these challenges and to be able to react to changing process parameters and boundary conditions. Joining without an auxiliary element using pin structures formed directly from the sheet metal plane is one approach to meet these challenges. These pin structures are then joined by direct pressing into the joining partner. This is possible with a variety of material combinations, but is advantageous with regard to continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP), as the fibres do not have to be cut when joining CFRTP using pin structures. In this paper, the formability of pin structures made of a dual-phase steel DP600 (HCT590X + Z) is investigated. The extruded pin structures are joined by direct pin pressing with an EN AW-6014 to form tensile shear specimens. Different joining strategies are investigated to compare their influence on the joint strength. The results have shown that it is feasible to form suitable pins from a DP600 dual-phase steel to produce reliable connections with an aluminium sheet joined by direct pin pressing.
Multistep Incremental Forming beyond 100°
Authors: Vanhove Hans , Duflou Joost R.
Published: April 2021

While Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is approaching accuracy levels suitable for industrial take-up for specific applications, limited forming angles are still a great concern, leaving many applications out of reach. In this paper a two sided strategy for multistep incremental forming is presented, aiming at increased uniform wall thickness. By sequentially forming steeper wall angles, alternating passes between front and back side of the sheet, wall angles up to 105.5° were successfully reached in AA3103 with a blank thickness of 1.5mm. A resulting minimal thickness of 0.4mm and thickness range of 0.2mm was achieved for the 105.5°part.
Laser Welding of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Lap Joint
Authors: Mäkikangas Jarmo , Rautio Timo , Jalava-Kanervio Juho , Mustakangas Aappo , Järvenpää Antti
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the static strength of laser welded lap joint in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed stainless steel material and also a joint formed of printed and commercial sheet metal. Printed 316L test pieces with a thickness of 2 mm and a similar commercial 2 mm thin plate were used as test material. A laser welded lap joint made of a commercial sheet metal was used as a reference. Yb:YAG disk laser with wavelength 1030 nm and maximum output power 4 kW was used in welding tests. All test sets were welded with the same welding parameters and argon shielding gas. One fully penetrated keyhole weld was made to the lap joint. The static strength of the lap joints was determined by tensile tests. The measured shear strength was highest in the reference joint. In other cases, shear strength was only 8-11% lower compared to the reference joint. The cross-sections of the welds were analyzed on the basis of images taken with an optical microscope. Based on the results, the printed 316L is highly laser weldable material.
Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Strength of Laser-Welded Butt Joints of Ultra-High Strength Steels: Low and High Alloy Steels
Authors: Hietala Mikko , Hamada Atef S. , Keskitalo Markku , Jaskari Matias , Kumpula Jani , Järvenpää Antti
Published: April 2021

The present study is focused on joining two ultra-high strength steels plates of 3 mm thickness using laser-welding. Abrasion resistant steel with martensitic structure, tensile strength (Rm) ≥ 2 GPa, and cold-deformed austenitic stainless steel, Rm 1.3 GPa, were used for the dissimilar butt joints. Two different laser energy inputs, 160 and 320 J/mm, were presented during welding. The weld morphology and microstructural evolution of the fusion zone were recorded using optical microscopy and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), respectively. The mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints were evaluated by hardness measurements and tensile tests. It was found that fusion zone has undergone a change in morphology and microstructure during welding depending upon the energy input. Analysis of the microstructural evolution in the fusion zone by EBSD examination showed that the presence of a mixture of small austenite grains in a matrix of martensite. The changes in hardness profiles and tensile strength under the experimental parameters were further reported.