bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New model of reactive transport in a single-well push–pull test with aquitard effect and wellbore storage
Authors: Wang Quanrong , Wang Junxia , Zhan Hongbin , Shi Wenguang
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The model of single-well push–pull (SWPP) test has been widely used to
investigate reactive radial dispersion in remediation or parameter
estimation of in situ aquifers. Previous analytical solutions only focused on a
completely isolated aquifer for the SWPP test, excluding any influence of
aquitards bounding the tested aquifer, and ignored the wellbore storage of
the chaser and rest phases in the SWPP test. Such simplification might be
questionable in field applications when test durations are relatively long because solute transport in or out of the bounding aquitards is inevitable
due to molecular diffusion and cross-formational advective transport. Here,
a new SWPP model is developed in an aquifer–aquitard system with wellbore
storage, and the analytical solution in the Laplace domain is derived. Four
phases of the test are included: the injection phase, the chaser phase, the
rest phase and the extraction phase. As the permeability of the aquitard is much
smaller than the permeability of the aquifer, the flow is assumed to be
perpendicular to the aquitard; thus only vertical dispersive and advective
transports are considered for the aquitard. The validity of this treatment is
tested against results grounded in numerical simulations. The global
sensitivity analysis indicates that the results of the SWPP test are largely
sensitive (i.e., influenced by) to the parameters of porosity and radial
dispersion of the aquifer, whereas the influence of the aquitard on results could
not be ignored. In the injection phase, the larger radial dispersivity of
the aquifer could result in the smaller values of breakthrough curves
(BTCs), while there are greater BTC values in the chaser and rest phases. In the
extraction phase, it could lead to the smaller peak values of BTCs. The new
model of this study is a generalization of several previous studies, and it
performs better than previous studies ignoring the aquitard effect and
wellbore storage for interpreting data of the field SWPP test reported by
Yang et al. (2014).
The 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami – pre-event bathymetry reconstruction and 3D numerical modelling utilising the computational fluid dynamics software Flow-3D
Authors: Franco Andrea , Moernaut Jasper , Schneider-Muntau Barbara , Strasser Michael , Gems Bernhard
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This study aims to test the capacity of Flow-3D regarding
the simulation of a rockslide-generated impulse wave by evaluating the
influences of the extent of the computational domain, the grid
resolution, and the corresponding computation times on the accuracy of
modelling results. A detailed analysis of the Lituya Bay tsunami event
(1958, Alaska, maximum recorded run-up of 524 m a.s.l.) is presented. A
focus is put on the tsunami formation and run-up in the impact area. Several
simulations with a simplified bay geometry are performed in order to test
the concept of a “denser fluid”, compared to the seawater in the bay, for
the impacting rockslide material. Further, topographic and bathymetric
surfaces of the impact area are set up. The observed maximum run-up can be
reproduced using a uniform grid resolution of 5 m, where the wave overtops
the hill crest facing the slide source and then flows diagonally down the slope.
The model is extended along the entire bay to simulate the wave propagation.
The tsunami trimline is well recreated when using (a) a uniform mesh size of
20 m or (b) a non-uniform mesh size of 15 m × 15 m × 10 m with a relative roughness of 2 m for the topographic surface. The trimline mainly results from the primary
wave, and in some locations it also results from reflected waves. The denser fluid is a
suitable and simple concept to recreate a sliding mass impacting a waterbody,
in this case with maximum impact speed of ∼93 m s−1. The
tsunami event and the related trimline are well reproduced using the
3D modelling approach with the density evaluation model available in
Flow-3D.
Dead to Rights: The State of the Union
Authors: Denton Marty Marion
Published: August 2020

The State of our country has not changed significantly since the 1960's when I joined the peace movement. Change will come through the voting booth.
Reading Masculinity in Much Ado About Nothing: Notes from an Indian Classroom
Authors: Bhattacharya Saradindu
Published: August 2020

In Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, Hero, one of the central female characters, functions as the dramatic means of defining and performing masculinity for the male characters around her, and her palpable silence in the unfolding of her own “romantic” plot can point to the similarity of the gender politics of romance and marriage between Elizabethan England and 21st century India. The comedic "resolution" of the play's central conflict through marriage depends crucially on the performance of gender roles that privilege “masculine” codes of honour and allegiance at the expense of “feminine” desire and agency.
Challenging a ‘Warist’ Society with Digital Peace Pedagogy
Authors: Foster J. Ashley , Janco Andrew
Published: August 2020

This article offers strategies for a peace pedagogy that is informed by combining techniques from feminist theory and peace studies with the digital humanities. Here we describe how the first-year Writing Seminar “Peace Testimonies in Literature & Art,” taught in Spring 2017 at Haverford College, collaborated with the activist organization the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) to participate in the collection and curation of oral histories projects. In this class, students conducted oral history interviews of peace activists at the 2017 AFSC symposium “Waging Peace: AFSC’s Summit for Peace and Justice” (April 20-23 in Philadelphia, PA), and then analyzed the videos of these interviews through OHMS (Oral History Metadata Synchronizer) and the video editing software Camtasia. Here we discusses how feminist, digital, and peace pedagogies can be combined to help students recover the lost histories of pacifist activism.
Long-term outcomes of infliximab in a real-world multicenter cohort of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Oh Shin Ju , Shin Ga Young , Soh Hosim , Lee Jae Gon , Im Jong Pil , Eun Chang Soo , Lee Kang-Moon , Park Dong Il , Han Dong Soo , Kim Hyo Jong , Lee Chang Kyun
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: Infliximab (IFX) has proven effective as rescue therapy in steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC), however, the long-term real-world data are scarce. Our study aimed to assess the long-term treatment outcomes of IFX in a real-life cohort.Methods: We established a multicenter retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients with ASUC, who met Truelove and Witt’s criteria and received intravenous corticosteroid (IVCS) or IFX during index hospitalization between 2006 and 2016 in 5 university hospitals in Korea. The cohort was systematically followed up until colectomy, death or last follow-up visit.Results: A total of 296 patients were followed up for a mean of 68.9 ± 44.0 months. During index hospitalization, 49 patients were treated with IFX; as rescue therapy for IVCS failure in 37 and as first-line medical therapy for ASUC in 12. All patients treated with IFX avoided colectomy during index hospitalization. The cumulative rates of rehospitalization and colectomy were 20.4% and 6.1% at 3 months and 39.6% and 18.8% at the end of follow-up, respectively. Patients treated with IFX presented with significantly shorter colectomy-free survival than IVCS responders (P= 0.04, log-rank test). Both cytomegalovirus colitis and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) were the significant predictors of colectomy in the overall study cohort (hazard ratios of 6.57 and 4.61, respectively). There were no fatalities.Conclusions: Our real-world cohort study demonstrated that IFX is an effective therapeutic option in Korean patients with ASUC, irrespective of IFX indication. Aggressive vigilance for cytomegalovirus colitis and CDI is warranted for hospitalized patients with ASUC.
Is there a correlation between infliximab trough levels and the development of adverse events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Theodoraki Eirini , Orfanoudaki Eleni , Foteinogiannopoulou Kalliopi , Legaki Evangelia , Gazouli Maria , Koutroubakis Ioannis E.
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: The measurement of infliximab trough levels (IFX-TLs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is performed to optimize treatment. However, the association between the development of adverse events (AEs) and IFX-TLs has not been sufficiently studied thus far. To investigate the possible association of IFX-TLs with AEs in Greek patients with IBD receiving maintenance treatment with IFX.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the registry data of the Gastroenterology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion, from IBD patients with at least one available IFX-TL measurement during the years 2016 to 2017 was conducted. AEs reported 4 months before and 4 months after the measured IFX-TLs were recorded. The IFX-TLs of patients with or without AEs were compared.Results: Of a total of 83 IBD patients (61 Crohn’s disease [73%]; 52 men [63%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 43.3 ± 16.0 years), 147 measurements of IFX-TLs were available (median 4.69 μg/ mL [1.32–9.16]), and 99 AEs (67.3%, 14 severe) were registered. The median IFX-TL of patients with AEs was 5.79 μg/mL (1.36– 10.25), higher than the median IFX-TL of patients without AEs (3.40 μg/mL [1.30–5.92]), but the difference was not significant (P= 0.97). The presence of infections or dermatologic reactions was not correlated with IFX-TLs. There was no difference in the prevalence of the total AEs (66.7% vs. 73.3%, P= 0.77) or in the analysis of AEs by group between patients with IFX-TLs ≥ 15 μg/ mL and patients with IFX-TLs < 15 μg/mL.Conclusions: IFX-TLs are not significantly associated with the development of AEs in IBD patients receiving maintenance treatment with IFX.
Calle Este-Oeste. Sobre los orígenes de genocidio y crímenes contra la humanidad de Philippe Sands
Authors: Guthmann Yanina
Published: August 2020

En el marco de sagas que relatan la historia del siglo pasado, de sus guerras, en particular de la segunda guerra mundial, los grandes movimientos genocidas y totalitarios, sus formas y orígenes, pero que a la vez retoman las historias de las personas comunes, de los Justos o de los que resistieron, de los que desangraron sus vidas o sus historias familiares, de los que fueron parte del terror, libros que pueden desarmar la dicotomía entre lo individual y colectivo, entre lo particular y lo universal, porque alcanzan lo profundo y lo íntimo del horror y también de la resistencia… Vida y Destino de Vasili Grossman es una obra clave, también encontramos la pluma de las víctimas judías –El diario de Ana Frank, Diario de Hélène Berr, Anónima de Una Mujer en Berlín…, odas a la escritura, la historia y a la dignidad humana. El libro Calle Este-Oeste. Sobre los orígenes de “genocidio” y “crímenes contra la humanidad” puede unirse a estas obras, puzzle perfecto de datos históricos, familiares y geográficos, pero también jurídicos.
Peso de la ley y la eficacia directa de la Constitución. Evolución del sistema de fuentes formales en la República de Chile
Authors: Rojas Chamaca Julio César
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar, a través de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y crítico, dos momentos en el ordenamiento nacional. El primero de ellos, referido al valor que tuvo la ley en el desarrollo y la institucionalización de la República de Chile, cuya cultura jurídica se desarrolló al amparo del principio de legalidad, que poseía un reconocimiento creciente derivado de su valor democrático, lo que implicó un desplazamiento de otras fuentes en el ordenamiento. El segundo momento tiene relación con la existencia de un nuevo paradigma, el del Estado constitucional y democrático de derecho, progresivamente consolidado a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y cuya premisa es la fuerza normativa y eficacia directa de la constitución por los órganos del Estado y, en particular, los tribunales de la República. La hipótesis de esta investigación refiere que aun cuando es posible constatar una evolución en el sistema de fuentes, el principio de legalidad está arraigado en la cultura jurídica chilena. En tal dimensión, la prevalencia de las disposiciones de la constitución por sobre la ley debe resaltar la necesidad de que, en caso de existir un conflicto que requiera la intervención de un tribunal, se debe intensificar el respeto por la bilateralidad de la audiencia como garantía para reducir la discrecionalidad judicial.
The Role of Smart Working in Mediating Participatory Altruistic Leadership, Competence, Quality knowledge in Learning Performance of Lecturers in Higher Education
Authors: Handayani Sri , Sugiharto DYP , Kardoyo Joko Sutarto
Published: August 2020

This study aims to explore indicate that lecturer learning performance is an important factor for lecturers in the Civil Engineering Education Study Program. Participatory altruistic leadership styles, competence, quality knowledge, smart working are very important to be measured to explain their effects on learning performance. If the lecturer has high competence and quality knowledge and is supported by appropriate leadership, it will have an impact on smart working, which in the end will achieve learning performance. This research was conducted of lecturers of civil engineering education throughout Indonesia and a sample of 76 peoples. The research method was conducted with quantitative and data analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM). Regression coefficient result that relationship between competence with smart working, participatory altruistic with smart working and quality of knowledge with smart working were 0.80, 0.86 and 0.81. Regression coefficient result that relationship between smart woking with learning performance, participatory altruistic with learning performance, quality knowledge with smart working and competence with smart working were 0.99, 0.91, 0.88, and 0.88.
The Implementation Formula of Entrepreneurship Education at Higher Education as a Solution for the Social Problem
Authors: Lailatussaadah Lailatussaadah , Jamil Asyraf Isyraqi Bin , Kadir Fakhrul Adabi Bin Abdul
Published: August 2020

This research aims at finding out the implementation formula of entrepreneurship education at the university. The searching of electronic journal articles by using database such as: JSTOR, SAGE, Proquest, Elsevier, Emerald Insigth, and Google Scholar from 2009 until the end of October 2019. The keywords: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial and unemployment. The implementation formula of entrepreneurship education is done through the curriculum reformations and improvements, the creation of extracurricular activities and entrepreneurship programs, the empowerment of human resource development for entrepreneur lecturer (teachers), the adequacy of infrastructures and financial supports, the strengthening of cooperation with associates, the alumni empowerment and also the support of government. The implementation formula of entrepreneurship education at the university is able to shape the character, improve the habits, attitude, and the passions of the university students to be entrepreneurs and also increase the number of new entrepreneurs in Indonesia that will be a solution of intellectual unemployment problems.
Conceptual Evolution of the Sequences and its Transition from High School to University in Morocco
Authors: Khaoula Elarif , Taoufik Hassouni , Wahbi Bouazza El
Published: August 2020

In this article, we present the question of our didactic research on the relative conceptual evolution and transition from high school to university in Morocco. We focused on the difficulties encountered by students in the first year of the Physics Sciences using a questionnaire which aims at evaluating the evolution of the concept of "Sequences” from high school to university, this one covers the basic concepts already taught during the last year of high school and second semester of university. The analysis of the student’s productions revealed several didactic obstacles originating from previous misconceptions taught at high school. The study results show a broad gap between the knowledge to teach and the knowledge taught at university. As a result, considerable efforts must be devoted to minimize this gap and resolve the problems identified in our study.
Conflict Activity Styles of Psychological Counsellor Candidates: A Study of Based on Forgiveness and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Ümmet Durmuş
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the conflict activity styles of psychological counselor candidates in terms of psychological well-being and forgiveness. The sample of the study consists of a total of 410 individuals, 281 females and 129 males, who are studying at the department of psychological counseling and guidance at 4 different universities located at İstanbul during the 2019-2020 academic year. The study data were collected by “Personal information form”, “Conflict activity styles scale”, “Forgivingness scale” and “Psychological well-being scale”. The data was analyzed with SPSS-21 statistic software program. The first step of the data analysis included the assessment of the relationship between the variables with Pearson correlation analysis, which then followed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis in order to evaluate the psychological well-being and forgivingness as mutual predictors of conflict styles. The obtained results showed that there is a significant correlation between the psychological counselor candidates’ conflict style scores and their psychological well-being and forgivingness scores. Additionally, it was found that these two variables, though in different percentages, are predictor variables of conflict activity styles of psychological counselors. The data were discussed considering the literature to lead variety of suggestions which would serve both the researchers and field practitioners.
Real-world management of advanced prostate cancer: A description of management practices of community-based physicians and prostate cancer specialists
Authors: Hotte Sebastien J. , Finelli Antonio , Chi Kim N. , Canil Christina , Fleshner Neil , Kapoor Anil , Kolinsky Michael , Malone Shawn , Morash Christopher , Niazi Tamim , Noonan Krista L. , Ong Michael , Pouliot Frederic , Shayegan Bobby , So Alan I. , Sorabji Delna , Hew Huong , Park-Wyllie Laura , Saad Fred
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The Canadian Genito-Urinary Research Consortium conducted a consensus development conference leading to 31 recommendations. We conducted a survey comparing community-based practice with the consensus recommendations on the management of metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).

Methods

An 87-item online questionnaire was sent to 600 community urologists and oncologists involved in the treatment of prostate cancer. 

Results

Based on the 72 responses received, a discordance of ­>25% was observed in 15 recommendations (48%). Of the academic physicians, 89% indicated treating with agents approved for non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer compared to 50% of community physicians (p=0.0005). Discrepancies were also observed for radiation to the prostate for low-volume metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer which was 74% (academic) vs 27% (community), (p<0.0001); criteria for stopping therapy in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer in which 78% of academic physicians favored continuation of therapy in the event of PSA progression only, compared to 24% of community physicians. Sequencing of therapy after prior apalutamide for non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer using subsequent docetaxel treatment was observed in 81% of academic physicians vs 35% of community physicians, (p<0.0001), and use of genetic testing was favored by 74% of academics vs 36% of community physicians, (p<0.0001) for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer.   

 

Conclusions

The areas of discordance between a national sample of community-based physicians and academic consensus recommendations represent potential areas for education, practice tools and future research.
Using Artificial Intelligence for Developing English Language Teaching/Learning: An Analytical Study from University Students’ Perspective
Authors: Mukhallafi Turki Rabah Al
Published: August 2020

As time passes on, machines are becoming more and more complex, fast-processing and intelligent. Being exactly like humans deducting, inferring and making decisions is still away, however some remarkable gains in the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and machine learning have been recently recorded. Therefore, the current study seeks to examine strategies for effectively applying artificial intelligence (AI) applications to teach/learn English according to the university students’ point of view. The study adopts the analytical descriptive approach in order to study and analyze the literature, to describe AI and the strategies of its employment for teaching/learning English. A 40-item questionnaire was used. It covers the following fields: AI strategies and its suitable applications for teaching/learning English, the effectiveness of these applications, their practical use, and the requirements for using them in the fields of teaching/learning English. Measuring the validity and reliability of the questionnaire revealed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.931.

The study sample consisted of 44 randomly selected male students from the English language stream at Northern Border University. A set of study instruments was applied. The results revealed a group of strategies suitable for employing AI for teaching/learning English. The results also indicated a very low level of employment of these strategies for teaching/learning English, and pointed out to their effectiveness if used in this field. The study has identified the training requirements from the study sample’s point of view. A suggested plan has been envisioned that includes the basics, objectives, content, processors, and evaluation methods for the employment of AI applications in the field of English education.
De wil van de wilsonbekwame dementiepatiënt
Authors: de Bontridder M.J.J.
Published: August 2020

De wil van de wilsonbekwame dementiepatiënt

Iemand heeft schriftelijk een verzoek gedaan hem euthanasie te verlenen mocht hij diep-dement worden. In deze toestand gekomen maakt hij door uitingen of gedragingen kenbaar niet te willen sterven. Is verlenen van euthanasie dan toegestaan? Bepleit wordt dat een hierop gerichte clausule in de euthanasieverklaring voor de arts leidinggevend is.
Reactie op J.M. van der Most, ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’, TvGR 2018, p. 109-119
Authors: van Rossum A.P. , Verboeket-van de Venne W.P.H.G. , Oosterhuis W.P.
Published: August 2020

Reactie op J.M. van der Most, ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’, TvGR 2018, p. 109-119

In reactie op het artikel van Van der Most gaan de auteurs in op de dagelijkse praktijk van medische laboratoria. Zij geven aan dat laboratoriumonderzoek kan worden gezien als zorgverlening tussen laboratorium en patiënt en dat het specialistische zorg betreft die niet zonder meer in de eerstelijnspraktijk en door de huisarts kan worden uitgeoefend.
Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen
Authors: van Rheenen S.M.
Published: August 2020

Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen. Hof Amsterdam 24 januari 2020, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2020:144 (CCr/DeSeizoenen)

De Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen, vanwege onzorgvuldige besluitvorming en governance bij de totstandkoming van de vastgoedconstructie binnen de groepsstructuur. Deze bijdrage behandelt de toelaatbaarheid van de vastgoedconstructie, het daarmee samenhangende winstuitkeringsverbod, de vereiste zorgvuldigheid in de besluitvorming en governance van zorginstellingen en de cliëntenraad als interne toezichthouder.
Virtual enslavement in the world of network games
Authors: Kowalczuk Karol
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problem of enslavement in the virtual world with special emphasis on network games, which are currently the most popular among young users. It analysed three phases of player enslavement in a digital game environment, including: intoxication, addiction and withdrawal. The presentation and detailed description of each phase was intended to show the complexity of this phenomenon. Focusing on the extensive and important topic which is enslavement in the world of games gives the image of gaming as an entertainment extremely tempting with attractiveness, but also dangerous, leading to excessive involvement. Awareness of these threats allows for effective elimination and monitoring of areas that can pose a real danger to young users of digital space.
Visual communication in the age of digital media
Authors: Penkowska Grażyna
Published: August 2020

The aim of the article is to popularize and attempt to reflect on the phenomenon of visuality in various areas of life in the age of new media. The first part of the text introduces the meaning of the term 'visualization' and shows various dimensions of visuality, which is an attempt to validate the assumption about the leading role of image in the modern world. The next part presents the main characteristics of visuality. Visuality is a mean of communication, description of events and expressing emotions. Visual objects affect both the cognitive and emotional sphere, which is the reason behind the constant increase of importance of the message with their participation. The last part of the article contains analysis of the positive and negative aspects of visuality. The dual nature of modern visual messages is associated with the specifics of digital media. The ease of creating and sending images in the era of new media leads to overload of the space with visual objects.
The lived body - a historical phenomenon
Authors: Thornquist Eline , Kirkengen Anna Luise
Published: August 2020

Drawing on an authentic sickness history the present paper provides arguments for epistemological and ontological shifts in current clinical practice. The kind of sickness accounted for, impairing the health of a person to the extent of full incapacitation, is medically unexplained. Likewise, its pathogenic sources are unidentified, which results in a lack of options for treatment or even amelioration. Given the considerable healthcare investment in this particular “case”, the insufficiency of both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches calls for a different conceptual framework. When applying a socially and phenomenologically informed frame of reference, the lived experience of violation emerges as a salient background for understanding how disrespect and powerlessness have been inscribed with lifelong impact and how they became reactivated by biographic particularities reminiscent of previous objectification. A biomedically unexplained incapacitation is rendered logical when read with a view recognizing the social and corporeal aspects of human experience.
The Meaning of Value in “Person-centred” approaches to Healthcare
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe , Vinot Didier
Published: August 2020

In health economics, value has usually been understood within the framework of the production and consumption of healthcare. Two tools of measurement, efficiency and equity, have been used to make decisions on healthcare resources. However, the healthcare system is also not a market like others, and applying the criteria of efficiency and equity to the field of health calls for significant adaptation. In addition, even when epistemologically informed and technically equipped, care is also attention and an engagement toward the person for whom the care is directed.  Current models fail to take into consideration the individual, qualitative nature of individual patient experience, but also the wider environment affecting the patient’s health outcomes. Therefore tensions continue to exist between value as understood in a health economics perspective and the relational values promoted in proposals of person-centered care. Healthcare values are plural and explain what one commits to in terms of actions and relationships with others. Taking into account this plurality reminds us both of the ethical dimension of care but also how it is made possible through financing. Person-centered care therefore calls for new models of evaluation, ones which will understand the values of care for the person in their personal and professional contexts.
Person-centred clinical reasoning and evidence-based healthcare
Authors: Kerry Roger , Low Matthew , O'Sullivan Peter
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Clinical practice, and in particular decision-making, are dependent on data and knowledge which are relevant to the context at hand. Numerous frameworks have existed which aim to facilitate best clinical decision-making for healthcare professionals and their patients, for example clinical reasoning and the evidence-based healthcare models. The purpose of this paper is to provide some reconciliation between apparently conflicting models of healthcare practice with regards to best practice.Methods: We provide a theoretical narrative account of clinical practice with regards to clinical reasoning and best decision-making. We problematise the practice frameworks of clinical reasoning and evidence base healthcare by suggesting they are conflicting and contradictory to each other. We frame the arguments available with philosophical views of causation, making the assumption that causation lies central to all aspects of knowledge. We use the narrative to expose causal theories behind different practice models and illustrate our account with a case study.Results: Clinical reasoning and evidence-based healthcare are characterised by different causal theories which do not readily align with each other. By reconceptualising causation as a dispositional phenomenon, reconciliation between individualised person-centred care and the population data which are the core interest of evidence-based healthcare, can be found, thus preserving the most valuable aspects of each practice framework.Conclusion: Reconceptualising causation in dispositionalist terms facilitates a more person-centred, multi-dimensional clinical reasoning process. This in-turn allows for the integration of data from prioritised methods of evidence-based healthcare into complex and context-sensitive individualised clinical situations.
Person Centered Healthcare and Clinical Research: The Necessity of an Evolutionary Hierarchy of Knowing and Doing
Authors: Wyer Peter , Loughlin Michael
Published: August 2020

Effective person-centred care requires recognition of the personhood not only of patients but of practitioners. This chapter explores the consequences of this recognition for major debates in medical epistemology, regarding clinical reasoning and the relationship between research and practice. For too long these debates have been dominated by false dichotomies - subjectivity versus objectivity, judgement versus evidence, reason versus emotion. Based on flawed understandings of such core concepts as “objectivity” and “engagement”, this distorted dissection of the subject-object relationship has served to depersonalise practice. The costs of this depersonalisation include over-regulation and micromanagement of healthcare processes by administrators and payers at the same time that information from clinical research remains under-utilized and the personhood of patients’ risks being ignored.Science is a human practice, founded in a broader conception of human reasoning, ontologically dependent on human beings living and engaging with the world in social, emotional and ethical contexts. After looking at different conceptions of epistemic hierarchies and their uses in the analysis and evaluation of reasoning in a range of practice contexts, we propose a “nested hierarchy” that effectively turns upside-down the flawed evidence hierarchies that have helped to depersonalise care. T.S. Eliot’s “wisdom, knowledge, information” scheme (to which we add “data” below “information”) provides a model for a person-centred epistemic hierarchy.  This crucial, person-centred inversion represents levels of awareness that characterize more or less developed thinking and judgment on the part of the particular practitioner.
our falling and wretchedness
Authors: Pheby John
Published: August 2020

No abstract
to be nothing but pain
Authors: Pheby John
Published: August 2020

No abstract
The university of sydneySocial-Economic Impacts of Sports Betting on Ugandan Youth. The case of Mbale Youth .
Authors: Masaba Kutosi Ayub , Sekakubo Johnson , Blaszczynski Alexander
Published: August 2020

Sports betting activities, particularly among youth, is increasing rapidly in Ugandan. The aim of this study was to determine the motivation for sports betting among Ugandan youth, and the social economic impact of this form of gambling. In a cross sectional quantitative research design, a questionnaire data was obtained from a sample of 181 youth attending betting houses in the Mbale district.  Results indicated that that most youths were motivated by the desire to win money. Findings also revealed that Ugandan youth socially and economically benefited from sports betting. The study concludes by recommending that even if findings do not show the negative impacts of gambling on youth, there is need for stricter laws to avert any future negative implications.
Rake policies of for-profit and non-profit online poker sites: A case study
Authors: Lantz Björn , Isaksson Anders
Published: August 2020

How does governance affect the operative behaviour of gambling sites? We conjecture that differences in governance primarily cause pricing differences among gambling sites. This paper presents an analysis of the purpose and implications of rake policy differences between privately owned for-profit and state-owned non-profit poker web sites. Specifically, the paper comprises a comparative case study analysis of Svenska Spel Poker, owned by the Swedish state, and the commercial site PokerStars. The analysis focuses on the range of different types of single table Sit and Go tournaments offered at each site. We observe two main differences between the sites with respect to rake. First, PokerStars uses a rather complex formula to determine the rake percentage based on variables such as tournament speed, stakes, and size while Svenska Spel uses the same rake percentage for all Sit and Go tournaments regardless of speed and stakes but with a 50 percent discount if the tournament is played heads-up. Second, PokerStars charges less rake than Svenska Spel except for the lowest stakes. We discuss the effects and purpose of these rake policy differences from four different perspectives: 1) the individual player, 2) the player collective, 3) the poker market, and 4) society. The overall conclusion is that these different perspectives cause conflicting opinions on the 'goodness' of the sites. Our study also highlights the difficulties experienced by a state-owned gambling site in balancing social and corporate goals.
Profiling Excluders from German Casinos using Municipality Level Data
Authors: Strohäker Tanja , Becker Tilman
Published: August 2020

Gambling is not a totally undisputed way to spend leisure time. While most people pursue their play instinct only from time to time, some happen to lose control over their urge and develop a problematic or even pathological gambling behavior. Getting excluded can be a way to regain control and minimize harm for affected gamblers. In comparison to the majority of other work dealing with this topic, not individual level information was used, but higher aggregated municipality level data. The goal of this paper was to analyze in what way sociodemographic factors and proximity measures can be used to explain the variation in the number of excluded gamblers across German communities. For that purpose, a unique dataset with 3,091 observations containing information about the number of excluders as well as census data and spatial information has been created. The method used for estimation of the effects was OLS. The results of the study suggested that excluders are more likely to be male, between 30 and 39 years old and less likely to be single. Due to flaws in the data, the other sociodemographic factors did not yield significant associations.  Additionally, the number of exclusions increases with close proximity to gambling establishments. The distance to the closest casino has a negative impact on exclusions. This is backed up by the finding that there are relatively more exclusions in communities where casinos are directly located.
Linking sensation seeking to the TPB model to predict gambling intention and problem gambling among undergraduate college students
Authors: Chan Sow Hup Joanne , Lee Chang Boon Patrick
Published: August 2020

The link between sensation seeking and gambling among college students requires further attention to inform prevention endeavors. This study examines the link between sensation seeking (SS) and gambling among college students living in close proximity to gambling venues. Path analysis from data collected from 445 college students shows that SS, attitude, norms and sense of control can reveal intention to gamble, and that intention to gamble is a precursor to problem gambling. The results of this study contribute to our knowledge regarding gambling among college students, particularly the sensation seekers. The findings suggest that appropriate social support and concern be given to the at-risk gamblers. The implications of the results are discussed. Recommendations for future research directions are also provided.
Understanding Chinese Gamblers' Adoption of Online Casinos based on E-Marketing Mix Model
Authors: Sam Kin Meng , Chatwin Chris
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a quantitative study of online casino adoption based on the e-marketing mix model. The Internet has changed the business context of many industries. Online casino is one such rapidly growing industry. Different e-marketing approaches have been widely adopted by online casinos to attract more customers. In China, there are twice as many online gamblers as there are online shoppers. Due to the high population in China, the market potential is huge. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Chinese gamblers’ perceptions of e-marketing mix elements on their adoption of online casinos. The results can provide a reference for investors to develop more effective online casino businesses.
On Free Play and Tribal Gaming Taxes
Authors: Singh Ashok K.
Published: August 2020

There are a total of 243 Native Indian tribes which collectively have 512 tribal casinos. A majority of tribal casinos offer loyalty cards and free play, and many tribal casinos spend millions of dollars per year on this form of marketing. Tribal operators argue that the full face value of all free-play offers should be considered a marketing expense, but taxing authorities in many states are not in agreement, and argue that some percentage or all of Free Play should not be considered an expense item by the casinos. In this article, we provide a very brief history of tribal gaming, explain how Free Play affects house advantages and other performance indicators of casino slot floors, include a discussion on the structure of state taxation in the U.S., and also show how tribal casinos in different states stack up in terms of gross gaming revenue and taxes.
Junket Operation, Macao’s Growing Pains or Stimulants?
Authors: Guan Jieqi , Liu Ming
Published: August 2020

Two serious junket incidents happened in Macao in 2014 and 2015 which led to the significant drop in gross gaming revenue lasting for 27 consecutive months. Therefore, this paper intends to investigate the importance of junket operation towards gaming companies’ financial performance and also its interaction with the quality of corporate governance. This study uses regression analysis to investigate the relationships among corporate governance, financial performance, and junket promoters in Macao’s gaming industry as well as the differences between those relationships under different economic conditions. The result reflects that when economy is growing, the corporate governance quality of gaming operators shows a decreasing trend. Under the control of corporate governance, the gaming operators tend to cooperate with junket promoters in a positive manner. In contrast, without the interaction of corporate governance, the junket operation brings negative impact on casino income, especially during booming economic periods. The result is consistent with the actual commission percentage over casino revenue, corporate governance score, and EPS for gaming operators. The extant literature mainly focuses on the relationship between corporate governance and firm’s financial performance. In gaming sector, the importance of junket operation towards casino profit and its interaction with corporate governance leaves much to be explored in the related academia. This study not only fills in the research gap, but also provides constructive suggestions for Macao government to improve the gaming inspection system as well as the rules on junket operations.
Gamblers’ Love for Variety and Substitution among Lotto Games
Authors: Matheson Victor A , Grote Kent
Published: August 2020

This paper considers the whether offering multiple lotto games within a state by joining a multi-state lottery increases total ticket sales compared to offering a single state game. The question is considered from two different perspectives, which both lead to the conclusion that states do tend to benefit from increased ticket sales overall by joining a multi-state lottery association. There is, however, a noted difference in the magnitude of that effect depending on the size of the average jackpots of the previously existing state games.
The Relationship Between a National and a Multistate Lotto Game
Authors: Forrest David , McHale Ian
Published: August 2020

The United Kingdom National Lottery is a member of a lottery block that offers a weekly lotto game, known as EuroMillions, for which tickets are now sold across nine countries. The paper examines whether the game has cannibalised sales in the pre-existing national lotto game and whether, with both products in place, players treat them as substitutes or complements. No evidence is found of cannibalisation and UK Saturday Lotto and EuroMillions are found to be complements rather than substitutes.
Inferring Risk Preferences Using Synthetic Win Bets in Horse Betting “Exotic” Markets
Authors: O'Connor Philip
Published: August 2020

Exotic bets: exactas, trifectas and superfectas are complicated gambles that depend on the ordering of horse in a race that can be studied by converting them into “synthetic” or “virtual” win bets. Using two ways of constructing synthetic win bets, it is shown that the favorite-longshot bias is a poor description of the returns of the trifecta and superfecta synthetic win bet. Rather, consistent with financial markets, the standard deviation of the payout of the synthetic win bet better describes the different returns of synthetic win bets.It is found that the synthetic win market dislikes standard deviation and kurtosis (and other higher-order even moments) and likes skewness (and other higher order odd moments), implying participants conform to standard utility theory in their choice between win and synthetic win bets and are not risk-loving. A co-efficient of relative risk aversion of about 3 is estimated. Including higher-order moments strongly affects the magnitude of utility function estimates.
Further Analysis of the Markowitz Model of Utility with a small degree of probability distortion
Authors: Peel David , Law David
Published: August 2020

Explanation of the Allais paradox and the preference of many for multiple prize lottery tickets provide a rationale for why a model of agent’s choice under uncertainty should embody the assumption that they distort probabilities. However the degree of probability distortion  required to  explain gambling on long shots in Cumulative Prospect Theory appears problematic since it implies subjective expected rates of return are dramatically higher than objective returns. Here we show that a  Markowitz model of expected utility, supplemented by a small degree of probability distortion, has qualitatively  similar predictions as Cumulative Prospect Theory for numerous experimental outcomes as well as the  indifference curves between expected return and objective probabilities for a given stake gamble. In addition we show how a small degree of probability distortion can lead to a preference  for a multiple prize lottery which has a rather  different prize structure and associated probabilities than the optimally chosen one prize lottery  even though the utility gain is small.
WHY DO VARIOUS GAMING MARKETS ADOPT DIFFERENT TAX RATES?
Authors: Gu Xinhua , Li Guoqiang
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the welfare impact of a gaming tax in a two-sector, trade base equilibrium model. Its partial-equilibrium part examines tax divisions between market participants and the impact of this divisiveness on the relative price of gaming. The general-equilibrium part analyzes the welfare effect of the tax via the resultant relative-price change. We establish that market conditions such as supply capacity and market size have a clear bearing on tax division and overall welfare, and that a gaming tax is more likely to be economically bad if less of the tax burden can be passed along to tourist players. A high tax can only be applied if much of the tax is borne by visitors; a low tax has to be adopted if otherwise. Since its small adverse effect can be easily absorbed by its induced economic growth, a low gaming tax will attract outside investment conducive to overall efficiency. We also point out that policy concerns as well as market conditions may all affect tax regimes and their differences as observed in the American and Asian markets. We find that gaming business reality supports our theoretical assertions.This paper was presented at the Southern Economic Journal Symposium on Gambling, Prediction Markets and Public Policy on September 15-16, 2008 in Nottingham, U.K.; we thank conference participants for their helpful comments. Also, we have benefited a lot from intensive discussions with Ricardo Chi Sen Siu about gaming tax issues in each revision of this paper. The usual disclaimers apply.
THE POWER OF REAL OPTIONS IN GAMES BETTING: AN APPLICATION OF SWITCHING OPTIONS
Authors: Wang Shin-yun
Published: August 2020

There are varieties of real options, which include shrinking, expanding, switching and abandon options. This paper applies a switching real options approach to the game betting which allows the gamblers to switch between teams during the game. The volatility of odds is not only a source of concern for the gamblers but also a source of profit opportunities. In this paper, we combine features of the odds volatility and options to switch and find that with low switching cost, gamblers can exploit the variability of a team's odds volatility to increase their profits.
AN EXPLANATION OF OPTIMAL EACH-WAY BETS BASED ON NON-EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY
Authors: Peel David , Law David
Published: August 2020

The purpose in this paper is  to demonstrate how the non-expected utility models of Markowitz and Kahneman and Tversky  can explain why an agent, chooses to bet  each way on a horse.We also show that that appeal to moments of return, such as a preference for skewness of return, ceteris paribus, to explain the choice of the each way gamble over the single win gamble is , in general, invalid.