bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response to selection for seed yield in six white clover cultivars
Authors: Widdup K.H. , Woodfield D.R. , Baird I.J. , Clifford P.T.P.
Published: June 2020

The successful commercialisation of agronomically superior white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars is dependent on their seed production potential. Field trials were established in 2000 and repeated in 2003 to determine the impact of selection for increased seed yield. The seed yield of the pre-release cultivar (the base population prior to selection for seed yield and cultivar release, representing generation 0) was compared with the field Nucleus generation of the released cultivar (second generation after selection for seed yield, representing generation 2) and the Basic seed generation (the fourth generation after selection for seed yield, representing generation 4), in six recent cultivars (Grasslands Kopu II, Grasslands Challenge, NuSiral, Grasslands Sustain, Grasslands Demand and Grasslands Prestige). The Nucleus and Basic generations had consistently higher seed yield than the pre-release generation for all cultivars. These increases in seed yield were associated with increases in inflorescence density (inflorescences/m2) and to a lesser extent with increased seed yield/inflorescence. Changes were also evident in flowering pattern with four of the six cultivars having a sharper flowering peak following selection. This improved uniformity was also evident through reduced variability in leaf size of the Nucleus generation compared to the pre-release generation. Grasslands Kopu II had the highest seed yields which were associated with moderately high inflorescence density in combination with high seed yield/ inflorescence. The selection strategy used in the final phase of the development of these cultivars has proven successful in increasing seed yield through refining flowering pattern and production while maintaining the morphology and uniformity of the new cultivar. Keywords: cultivars, genetic improvement, seed production, Trifolium repens, white clover
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS CONSTANT EVOLUTION TO ENSURE A SUCCESSFUL FUTURE
Authors: Green Richard
Published: June 2020

A proud history As we look forward and plan for the future of the New Zealand Grassland Association (NZGA) you have to be able to reflect on the foundation on which this Association has been built. As we enter our 75th year of existence we can reflect on a very proud history well documented in 1989 by Derek Woodfield and Deric Charlton.
Performance of nematode-resistant white clover in field trials
Authors: Mercer C.F. , Watson R.N. , Woodfield D.R.
Published: June 2020

Breeding for improved resistance and tolerance to the clover root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne trifoliophila, and the clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii , has been successful in white c lover, Trifolium repens. White clover lines developed from three independent breeding programmes were established in field trials at Lincoln, Palmerston North, Cambridge and Kerikeri. Plants were established in areas either untreated or treated with nematicide, so as to have contrasting pest loads on the plant material and evaluated for up to 4 years. Plant vigour was scored before each grazing at each site. Clover cyst nematode cysts were counted twice in Palmerston North and all nematodes were counted in stained roots on four occasions in Cambridge. Resistant lines from the clover cyst nematode programme performed better than susceptible lines and as well as most cultivars reflecting the high level of resistance developed in this glasshouse-based programme. This resistance was also reflected in the generally lower number of cysts counted under resistant lines from Palmerston North. The root-knot nematode resistant material performed better than the susceptible and as well as most cultivars. The tolerance selections, developed under field conditions, performed as well as, or better than the cultivars. The selections from the breeding programmes have exhibited strong agronomic potential across locations and years and the best material has been crossed, with progeny being assessed in current field trials. Keywords: Heterodera trifolii, Meloidogyne trifoliophila, nematode, pasture, resistance, tolerance, white clover
Towards improving white clover establishment on farms
Authors: Brock J.L. , Mckenzie J. , Pound S.
Published: June 2020

The establishment of new clover-based pastures takes a full year and has two distinct components; seedling emergence from sowing, and subsequent grazing management. A Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) Sustainable Farming Fund (SFF) project to investigate the causes of inconsistency of white clover establishment concluded this came primarily from a lack of knowledge of white clover in both sowing and grazing management skills, and reflected how far modern farming technology has moved away from clover-based systems towards nitrogen (N)-boosted systems in recent years. Typically, less than half the seed being sown emerges, for both ryegrass and clover, although good results do occur. A trial looking into seedbed conditions on a dairy farm highlighted the importance of good seedbed consolidation in order to accurately control sowing depth, lifting white clover emergence by 50% and ryegrass by 25% using a roller drill. Consolidation did not affect emergence using a triple disc drill, but it did improve quality of sowing by reducing soil drag and spill by the rear coulters causing excessive burial of the front coulters rows. Differences in emergence were still evident in the performance of the clover in the following summer with 14% clover in the areas that had been hard rolled compared to 4% where it had not. In another trial on a hill soil of lower N fertility status, the taking of hay crops in the first summer, not a normally recommended practise, enhanced clover establishment compared to rotational grazing all year. The roles of clover, N fixation and quality feed, are discussed in the context of how and where clover may fit into modern farm systems. Keywords: emergence, establishment, grazing management, seedbed preparation, sowing methods, white clover
Effect of the rate of potassium chloride on dairy production in Taranaki
Authors: Morton J.D. , Roach C.J. , Roberts A.H.C.
Published: June 2020

Potassium chloride (KCl) was applied at 4 rates (0, 150, 450 and 1150 kg/ha) to pasture on closed 5 ha farmlets over 3 years, and pasture and animal production and animal health measured. Friesan, Jersey and Friesan x Jersey cows were stocked at 3.2/ha on an Egmont Allophanic soil near Hawera in South Taranaki. Average soil potassium quick test (QTK) levels were 7, 8, 10 and 12 respectively from 0, 150, 450 and 1150 kg KCl/ha. There was a small significant negative linear effect of rate of KCl application on annual pasture dry matter (DM) production averaged over three years (16864 - 18359 kg/ha). The average amount of silage conserved (1369 - 2112 kg DM/ha) was consistently greater at the highest rate of KCl. Increasing rate of KCl had no significant effect on the nutritive value of grazed pasture but resulted in increased K content of silage. There was no significant effect of KCl on milksolids (MS) production (1034 -1179 kg/ha/lactation) or reproductive performance. There was a trend for the incidence of clinical metabolic disorders (8-18%) to decrease with increasing rate of KCl but this was not significant because of the low number of cows in each herd. The results from this trial suggest that soil QTK levels above the target range for optimal pasture production of 7-10 on Allophanic soils are not associated with increased dairy production and have no adverse effect on animal health. Keywords: calcium, dairy cows, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, magnesium, milksolids, pasture, potassium, potassium chloride
МЕТОДИКА ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ АТМОСФЕРОСТІЙКОСТІ ТА ДОВГОВІЧНОСТІ ЗАХИСНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ПОКРИТТЯ
Authors: Фаренюк Г.Г. , Олексієнко О.Б.
Published: June 2020

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KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN RANTAUPANDAN KECAMATAN RANTAUPANDAN KABUPATEN BUNGO PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Rahmah Mutia , Rifka Marta Dwi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTResearch about the Policy on the Use of Village Funds in Community Empowerment in Rantaupandan village, Rantaupandan district, Bungo Regency, Jambi Province, are aimed to find out how the implementation of village funds policy in community empowerment, inhibiting factors and efforts can be made so that the use of Village Funds in Rantaupandan village can reach aim. This Research uses the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn with qualitative descriptive methods and inductive approaches. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. In this study using triangulation techniques to test the validity of the data and perform data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This Research shows that the implementation of the Village Fund policy in community empowerment has not run optimally due to the problem of human resource competencies, the lack of community participation, and the lack of information delivery to the community regarding the implementation of the Village Fund policy.Keywords: policy, village fund, community empowerment
IMPLEMENTASI QANUN NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HUKUM JINAYAT DI KOTA BANDA ACEH PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Praja Selvia Junita , Ulfa Wia
Published: June 2020

Qanun Jinayat is a legal product established with the aim of reducing the number of violations of Islamic law in the city of Banda Aceh. But the facts show that the implementation of this qanun over the past five years has not reduced violations of Islamic law. This is interesting to do research considering the presence of the qanun as the norm that enforces Islamic Sharia has not been able to reduce the level of violation. For this reason, this research would like to describe the implementation of the Qanun Jinayat and the factors that cause the qanun become ineffective.

            This research uses qualitative method with descriptive approach. The Research data collected were using interview and documentation study technique.

            Research findings reveal that the process of implementing Qanun No. 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law has not gone well. Factors that cause the ineffectiveness of the implementation of the Qanun Jinayat in Banda Aceh City are human resources that lack adequate quality, management of financial resources that are not optimal and the availability of facilities and infrastructure that have not been good.

 

Keywords : Implementation, Qanun Jinayat
THE APPLICATION OF NORMAN’S THREE LEVELS DESIGN-THEORY FOR ARTEFACT ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL RELATED DESIGN PROCESS
Authors: Cheng Wean Ting , Shanat Musdi
Published: June 2020

Culture always associate with human activity which could give an identity. Any culture that associate with materials and objects is an aid to the creation of lasting identities. The culture will suffer loss and extinction due to less attention and preservation. In reality, designers seem less to care in injecting the cultural value in their creation and facing hardship in translating a culture object into a product. Designing a product with a cultural element could emphasis its sentimental and commercial value in the global market. Therefore, this paper aims at proposing a design process framework on how culture can be employed to generate and create product. The proposed framework explains how a culture object can inspire designers to create a product with the intervention of Norman’s Three levels of Design theory. The Artefact Analysis and online survey are used to obtain the finding and creating a proof of concept that the proposed framework model capable to provide valuable references for designing a culture-inspired product. On the other hand, the local identity could be brought up globally through culture-inspired products.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TOWARDS VISIT SARAWAK YEAR 2019 AS TOURIST DESTINATION
Authors: Hamnan Nurul Amalina
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the impact of social media towards Visit Sarawak 2019 as tourist destination. The study uses qualitative method through interview sessions with tourists that are selected randomly using social media platform. Based on the findings, most of the tourists used social media and online platforms to get information for visiting Sarawak. It is hope that this study can help to boost tourism industry in Sarawak in the future by including several guidelines of promotional strategies based on social media and tourists behavioural framework.
DEPICTION OF POST COLONIALISM IN SOUTH ASIAN CINEMA: A SEMIOTICAL ANALYSIS OF BOLLYWOOD’S FILM PINJAR
Authors: Hassan Hamza , Teo Miaw Lee
Published: June 2020

The concept of Post-colonialism has been broadly used, not only in South Asian society but around the globe to study the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized ones. Like many European and African countries, British ruled the Indian Sub-continent for centuries. The film Pinjar is based on a novel. It portrays the diversity of cultures, creeds, religions and traditions reflecting the era before and during the partition of Indian sub-continent. It enlightens many literary aspects and critical angles. This study revolves around this film, focusing on post-colonialism especially the partition era of 1947. Pierce’s Model of Semiotics, as a major framework has been adopted to draw all post-colonial aspects from the film Pinjar.
van Fraassen's Critique of Scientific Realism, On the Meaning of Theoretical Regularity
Authors: Kader Thomas
Published: June 2020

Skepticism won’t suffice as a method for making theoretical representations about the validity of knowledge. The contents of ideas must pave the way to processes that provide foundations of ideas to determine paths for thought and conception to be confirmed. These paths are logically constructed in theories whose structures are based on observation. In order to determine what kinds of structures to use in the development of ideas, science is a method that contains specific principles that explain what logical relations there are between mind and the world. Thus, fallibilism is a way of being that decides how to order the logical relations of observation based on how they work in conditions and makes a step in another direction to say what factors are not reliable for the pursuit of knowledge.
The Role Internal Supervision Unit Auditor and Organizational Commitments Toward Good University Governance in Public Service Agency State Universities
Authors: Azka Raga Ridha , Suharman Harry , Sari Prima Yusi
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine the influence of the role internal supervision unit and also organizational commitment to achieving Good University Governance. The population of this research was 23 state universities in Indonesia with BLU status under The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education. The Audit Board of The Republic of Indonesia (BPK-RI) found low-quality performance findings to the acceptance a qualified opinion (WDP) BPK RI accompanied by findings of misappropriation of financial statement records in 2015.This is due to the low quality of governance performance universities, which often occur at Public Service Agency of State University as well as a lack of transparency and accountability. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling and the method for analyzing data was path analysis. Findings. The results showed that there was a significant positive influence and were supported by the role of the internal supervision unit and organizational commitment to the achievement of good university governance. Moreover, this study also saw a positive influence on the role of the internal supervision unit to achieve good university governance through organizational commitment.
The Effect of Digital Marketing on Organizational Performance Through Intellectual Capital and Perceived Quality in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Nurul Islami Novita , Wahyuni Sri , Tiara Tiara
Published: June 2020

Digital marketing is one of marketing media taken as an opportunity to expand the marketing area with the help of digital technology for Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which have a limited average background in terms of capital. These issues encourage the researchers to conduct the study entitled the effect of digital marketing on organizational performance through intellectual capital and perceived quality in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in East Java. This is explanatory research that uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires through a quantitative approach and using PLS as data analysis. Findings. The results showed that there are weaknesses of MSMEs in Perceived Quality, so it is needed training especifically related to digital marketing which involves intellectual capital and perceived quality to improve organizational performance. MSME as one of the informal sectors that plays a role in supporting the community's economy in order to survive and develop.
Does Black Monday appear on The Indonesia Stock Exchange?
Authors: Asnawi Said Kelana , Salim Giovanni , Malik Wahid Abdul
Published: June 2020

Stock transactions are based on a daily transaction, where Monday beginsmore closed time than other days.  For this reason, Monday is more volatile than other days.  We find that a positive return opportunity larger (more than 60%) occurs on all trading days.  This result indicates the potential for Investment in Indonesia Stock Exchange.  We also found “Black Monday” in sectors 1 and 9, indicate Monday Lower Return and Volume compare other days.  For both the LQ 45 & sector 4 information flow occurs so that the open price (t) is different from the close price(t-1).
The Effect of Crude Oil Price Shocks on Indonesia Stock Market Performance
Authors: Darmawan Indra , Siregar Hermanto , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Manurung Adler Haymans
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this study is to observe the effects of the crude oil price shocks on Indonesia stock market performance to complete the literature on Indonesia stock market behavior. We examined the effects of the crude oil price shocks on Indonesia stock market performance through the cointegration relationship mechanism between IHSG and the crude oil price and between IHSG and the global stock market indices. The Brent crude oil price data taken from FRED economic data, the Federal Reserve Bank of St.Lois, and the stock market indices data taken from yahoo.finance.com. By using a vector error correction model (VECM) approach, we found that IHSG has significant long-run relationships with the crude oil price and the global stock market indices. This finding indicates that the effects of the crude oil price shocks on IHSG transmitted directly through the cointegration mechanism between IHSG and the crude oil price, and indirectly through the cointegration mechanism between IHSG and the global stock market indices.
From the Editors
Authors: Namli Elena
Published: June 2020

No abstract available.
Violence, Shame, and Moral Agency – An Exploration of Krista K. Thomason’s Position
Authors: Henriksen Jan-Olav
Published: June 2020

Krista Thomason’s account of shame explains the link between shame and violence as something that arises out of a tension between our identity and our self-conception: those things about which we feel shame are part of our identities, but they are not part of our self-conception. She sees violence as an attempt to regain agency and control and overcome shame. Although this is an important trait in shame, to explain violence as a response to the loss of agency is not sufficient. Furthermore, it cannot explain serious self-harm as the result of shame, since such reactions undermined the agency she holds that violence attempts to reclaim. Hence, these features need to be incorporated into a wider account of shame that sees it as a response to the interruption of intentional projects and attempts for coherent agency.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGAMBILAN KREDIT OLEH PELAKU USAHA PROPERTY DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Tipa Handra , Purba Mortigor Afrizal
Published: June 2020

Factors that are one aspect of the failure of property businesses in accessing Working Capital Loans and Investment Loans are misunderstandings of business actors who refer to what factors are important assessments of banks in lending. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence credit taking by property businesses in Batam City. in particular, because land ownership status in Batam is different from other regions in Indonesia. Based on data processing In partial interest rates have a significant effect on the decision to take credit by property businesses in Batam City with a significant value = 0,000 <0.05, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. From these calculations the interest rate has a significant effect on Credit Decisions, influential collateral significant to the decision to take credit by property business actors in Batam City with a significance = 0.017 <0.05 then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. From these calculations, the guarantee has a significant effect on Credit Decisions. Credit nominal has a significant effect on the decision to take credit by property businesses in Batam City with a significant value = 0,000 <0,05 so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Likewise, the variable bank service has a significant effect on the decision to take credit by property businesses in Batam City. Simultaneously the influence of interest rates, guarantees, nominal credit, and bank services have a significant effect on the decision in credit disbursement for property entrepreneurs in the city of Batam. From the results of this study entrepreneurs must be wiser in making credit decisions and be better able to see better opportunities in the future so that the business undertaken can grow much more rapidly.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN SUKU BUNGA SBI TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN (STUDI KASUS BPR KONVENSIONAL DENGAN BPR SYARIAH DI KOTA BATAM)
Authors: Natalia Erni Yanti
Published: June 2020

Fenomena pertumbuhan BPR yang ada di Kota Batam belum dibarengi dengan pertumbuhan kredit. Padahal, kredit ini merupakan sumber pendapatan dalam dunia perbankan. Semakin banyak kredit yang dapat disalurkan ke masyarakat, maka semakin besar pula laba yang akan didapatkan dan tingkat profitabilitas yang akan diperoleh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh Suku Bunga SBI terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) pada BPR Konvesional dan BPR Syariah yang ada di Kota Batam, serta untuk membanding kinerja ROA antara kedua BPR tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji t menunjukkan bahwa Suku Bunga SBI tidak berpengaruh terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) pada BPR Konvensional Di Kota Batam dengan nilai signifikansi (Sig) 0,791 < 0,05, Suku Bunga SBI tidak berpengaruh terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) pada BPR Syariah Di Kota Batam dengan nilai signifikansi (Sig) 0,385 < 0,05. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan uji beda t-test diperoleh bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja Profitabilitas (ROA) pada BPR Konvensional dan BPR Syariah nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05.
PENGARUH BIAYA BAHAN BAKU, BIAYA TENAGA KERJA LANGSUNG DAN FACTORY OVERHEAD COST TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL PRODUKSI PADA PERUSAHAAN KECIL INDUSTRI TAHU TEMPE DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Harahap Baru , Prima Argo Putra
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect To determine the effect of the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs on the increase in production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City. The sampling method is carried out based on several reasons with the technique used namely porposive sampling to determine the sample with certain considerations. As for the research criteria as follows: (1). Small tofu industry companies registered before 2013-2017; (2). Companies listed during the period 2013 - 2017; (3). Complete financial statements as of December 31 2013-2017. The results of this study have a significant effect on raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs on production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City with significant values of 0,000, 0,003 and 0,038 <0,05, respectively. While simultaneous raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs have a significant effect on production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City with a significant value of 0,000 <0,05.
PENERAPAN TAX PLANNING ATAS WITHHOLDING TAX SYSTEM TERHADAP PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN PADA PT. CAT
Authors: Nurwati Nurwati , Anwar Syaiful
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the Application of Tax Planning on Withholding Tax to Corporate Income Tax at PT. CAT in accordance with applicable Tax Regulations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that PT. CAT has not been optimal in carrying out Tax Planning for the Withholding Tax System for Corporate Income Tax. Because it was found inefficiency to the income tax Article 21 paid as much as Rp. 53,261,874. PT. CAT has cut and collected PPh article 23 and article 4 paragraph (2) in accordance with applicable taxation provisions. Based on published data, there is no potential for Income Tax Article 23 and Article 4 paragraph (2) to be deducted / paid during 2018.
PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK DAN EFEKTIVITAS PENAGIHAN PAJAK DENGAN SURAT PAKSA TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA BATAM UTARA
Authors: Lobinsen Lobinsen , L. Tobing Vargo Christian
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of tax audits and effectiveness of tax collection by forced letter towards tax revenue. The object from the purpose of this study is tax service office batam north. The method used is quantitative descriptive. Data collection techniques in this study using boring sampling that sampling techinuque is retrieve all data from the existing population. In this study, the result of detailed examination that the effectiveness of tax audits is partially significant towards tax revenue, where the t count 17,429 > t table 2015 or with the significant level of t count 0,003 < 0,05.  In this study, the result of detailed examination that the effectiveness of tax collection by forced letter also partially significant towards tax revenue, where the t count 11,404 > t table 2015 or with the significant level of t count 0,008 < 0,05. The result of The effectiveness of tax audits and effectiveness of tax collection by forced letter simultaneously towards tax revenue at tax service office batam north, where f count 387,645 > f table 5,786 with significant level of f count 0,003 <0,05.
It Takes Two: Dimerization Is Essential for the Broad-Spectrum Predatory and Defensive Activities of the Venom Peptide Mp1a from the Jack Jumper Ant Myrmecia pilosula
Authors: Nixon Samantha A. , Dekan Zoltan , Robinson Samuel D. , Guo Shaodong , Vetter Irina , Kotze Andrew C. , Alewood Paul F. , King Glenn F. , Herzig Volker
Published: June 2020

Ant venoms have recently attracted increased attention due to their chemical complexity, novel molecular frameworks, and diverse biological activities. The heterodimeric peptide ∆-myrtoxin-Mp1a (Mp1a) from the venom of the Australian jack jumper ant, Myrmecia pilosula, exhibits antimicrobial, membrane-disrupting, and pain-inducing activities. In the present study, we examined the activity of Mp1a and a panel of synthetic analogues against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and for their ability to stimulate pain-sensing neurons. Mp1a was found to be both insecticidal and anthelmintic, and it robustly activated mammalian sensory neurons at concentrations similar to those reported to elicit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The native antiparallel Mp1a heterodimer was more potent than heterodimers with alternative disulfide connectivity, as well as monomeric analogues. We conclude that the membrane-disrupting effects of Mp1a confer broad-spectrum biological activities that facilitate both predation and defense for the ant. Our structure–activity data also provide a foundation for the rational engineering of analogues with selectivity for particular cell types.
Bond Modelling for the Assessment of Transmission Length in Prestressed-Concrete Members
Authors: Fabris Nicola , Faleschini Flora , Pellegrino Carlo
Published: June 2020

Transmission of the prestressing force to concrete by prestressing tendons is a topic of discussion within the fib Task Group 2.5: Bond and Material Models. Particularly, the extensive use of pretensioned prestressed-concrete (PC) requires adequate knowledge of bond development at the steel–concrete interface after prestress release. The transmission length, representing the distance from the free-end of the beam necessary to transmit the fully effective prestressing-force to the surrounding concrete, is a design parameter of paramount importance for PC members detailing. This contribution presents the analytical modelling of the transmission length based on the thick-walled cylinders (TWC) theory, considering anisotropic behaviour of the concrete. To derive the optimal friction coefficient between steel and concrete, the theoretical model has been calibrated according to an experimental database of transmission lengths collected from the literature, encompassing 130 data points from 7 different campaigns. Additionally, local behaviour has been analysed by assessing radial cracking and bond stress development along the transmission length.
Plasma Etching Behavior of SF6 Plasma Pre-Treatment Sputter-Deposited Yttrium Oxide Films
Authors: Wang Wei-Kai , Wang Sung-Yu , Liu Kuo-Feng , Tsai Pi-Chuen , Zhang Yu-Hao , Huang Shih-Yung
Published: June 2020

Yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF) protective materials were fabricated on sputter-deposited yttrium oxide (Y2O3) by high-density (sulfur fluoride) SF6 plasma irradiation. The structures, compositions, and fluorocarbon-plasma etching behaviors of these films were systematically characterized by various techniques. After exposure to SF6 plasma, the Y2O3 film surface was fluorinated significantly to form a YOF film with an approximate average thickness of 30 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed few changes in the elemental and chemical compositions of the surface layer after fluorination, confirming the chemical stability of the YOF/Y2O3 sample. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a complete lattice pattern on the YOF/Y2O3 structure after fluorocarbon plasma exposure. These results indicate that the SF6 plasma-treated Y2O3 film is more erosion resistant than the commercial Y2O3 coating, and thus accumulates fewer contamination particles.
Perception of Dental Caries and Parental Difficulties in Implementing Oral Hygiene for Children Aged Less Than 6 Years: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Taormina Marion , Montal Sylvie , Maitre Yoann , Tramini Paul , Moulis Estelle
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite extensive prevention programs, dental hygiene remains inadequate, particularly among children under the age of six, and early childhood caries (ECC) are still a concern. Oral hygiene behavior and preventive practices seem difficult to change at a family level. Aim. The present study aimed to better understand the reasons behind this behavior and to identify the different barriers to the implementation of adequate preventive measures. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the pediatric dentistry service of the Montpellier University Hospital (France) in 2019. A thematic analysis concerning three domains was performed: family environment, dental literacy, and oral hygiene. Results. The main barriers encountered by the parents were, respectively, (1) a weakness in the organization of familial life, together with a low-medium family income and a lack of authority, (2) ignorance of the necessity of treating carious primary teeth, and (3) a lack of time for brushing or supervising their children’s teeth. Conclusion: These results showed that oral hygiene and primary teeth care could not be easily achieved in the family environment of the participants, and oral health strategies should be focused not only on children but also on their parents.
High-Intensity Ultrasound Treatment on Soy Protein after Selectively Proteolyzing Glycinin Component: Physical, Structural, and Aggregation Properties
Authors: Xia Wenjie , Pan Siyi , Cheng Zhe , Tian Yan , Huang Xingjian
Published: June 2020

In this study, a novel method called selective proteolysis was applied to the glycinin component of soy protein isolate (SPI), and a degraded glycinin hydrolysate (DGH) was obtained. The effects of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment (20 kHz at 400 W, 0, 5, 20, and 40 min) on the physical, structural, and aggregation properties of DGH were investigated with the aim to reveal the influence of the selectively hydrolyzing glycinin component on the HIU treatment of soy protein. The effects of HIU on DGH and a control SPI (CSPI) were both time-dependent. HIU induced the formation of soluble aggregates in both samples at an early stage, while it dissociated these newly formed aggregates after a longer duration. Selectively hydrolyzing glycinin contributed to the soluble aggregation by exposing the compact protein structure and producing small protein fractions. The larger extent of hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds imparted a higher stability to the soluble protein aggregates formed in DGH. As a result, DGH displayed more ordered secondary structures, a higher solubility, and better gelling properties after the HIU treatment, especially at 20 min. The results of this study will be beneficial to the scientific community as well as industrial application.
Target Quantification and Semi-Target Screening of Undesirable Substances in Pear Juices Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Narváez Alfonso , Rodríguez-Carrasco Yelko , Izzo Luana , Castaldo Luigi , Ritieni Alberto
Published: June 2020

Fruit juices are common products in modern diets due to the supply of vegetal nutrients combined with its tastiness. Nevertheless, potential contaminants, such as mycotoxins and pesticides, can be present in commercial products due to a potential carry-over. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the presence of 14 Fusarium mycotoxins using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction followed by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in 21 pear juice samples from Italian markets. Up to nine different mycotoxins were detected, particularly an extensive presence of zearalenone (67%, n = 21, mean value = 0.88 ng/mL). Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins B, B1, A, and A1 were also detected. Additionally, 77 pesticide residues were tentatively identified through a retrospective analysis based on a mass spectral library. The prevalent presence of some non-approved pesticides, such as ethoxyquin (64%, n = 21) and triazophos (55%, n = 21), must be highlighted. The results obtained indicate an extensive contamination of marketed pear juice with undesirable compounds, and they should be taken into consideration when performing risk assessment studies.
Addition of Selected Plant-Derived Proteins as Modifiers of Inulin Hydrogels Properties
Authors: Florowska Anna , Hilal Adonis , Florowski Tomasz , Wroniak Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of pea and soy protein addition (1, 3, 6 g/100 g) on inulin hydrogels properties. Inulin hydrogels (20 g/100 g) were obtained by thermal induction. It was stated that tested plant protein might be used as a modifier of inulin hydrogels properties. The addition of pea and soy protein to inulin hydrogels resulted in networks with more a compact and homogeneous structure. The increase of the protein concentration caused the structure of the hydrogels to get smoother, more cohesive, and less granular. Pea and soy protein addition (3–6 g/100 g) to hydrogels allowed to obtain higher values of yield stress, texture (firmness, adhesiveness) and spreadability parameters. At a protein concentration of 6 g/100 g, the firmness of inulin hydrogels was seven times higher for those with pea protein (1.87 N) and ten times higher for those with soy protein (2.60 N) compering to the control hydrogel (0.24 N). The transmission profiles of hydrogels with incorporated 6 g/100 g of soy proteins showed the slowest motion of the particles, which indicates the highest stability of gel. As the concentration of protein addition increased, a reduction in the lightness was observed.
Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)
Authors: Bonasia Anna , Conversa Giulia , Lazzizera Corrado , Loizzo Pasqua , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Elia Antonio
Published: June 2020

Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. ‘Aglio di Peschici’ and ‘Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia’ are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.
Mindfulness in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Molero Jurado María del Mar , Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Barragán Martín Ana Belén , Soriano Sánchez José Gabriel , Oropesa Ruiz Nieves Fátima , Sisto Maria , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: June 2020

Social and healthcare problems associated with dementia not only affect those who suffer from this disease, but their caregivers as well. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mindfulness intervention on psychological variables of caregivers of persons with dementia. A search for scientific articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases found a total of 282 articles. After screening with preestablished inclusion criteria, ten studies with participation of 161 caregivers remained for the meta-analysis. The results were significant in favor of mindfulness intervention for the variables studied with a standardized difference of mean of 0.71 at a 95% CI, 0.71 (0.52, 0.89); p ≤ 0.00001. Heterogeneity of the studies included was moderate (I2 = 40%). The main conclusion suggested by empirical evidence was that mindfulness intervention seems to be effective for the variables analyzed. However, continued in-depth study of this subject is recommended.
Solid Model Generation for Digitized Organic Bodies via T-Splines
Authors: Barazzetti Luigi
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a workflow for B-rep solid model generation of organic objects using T-splines constructed with quad-meshes. The aim is the creation of geometrically and topologically consistent B-rep solid models of heritage objects featuring organic shapes, which can be used in numerical simulation based on meshless finite element analysis. Point clouds and closed triangular meshes are converted into B-rep solids with a multi-step procedure based on the preliminary extraction of quadrilateral meshes, which are used to produce T-splines. Evaluation of metric quality is carried out to quantify the difference between the final solid and input datasets. A coarse-to-fine approach can also be exploited by varying the quad-mesh resolution to preserve the level of details captured during the digitization process. Finally, meshless finite element analysis can be run with the produced solid bodies. Results for both simulated and real heritage objects are illustrated and discussed.
μXRF Mapping as a Powerful Technique for Investigating Metal Objects from the Archaeological Site of Ferento (Central Italy)
Authors: Capobianco Giuseppe , Sferragatta Adriana , Lanteri Luca , Agresti Giorgia , Bonifazi Giuseppe , Serranti Silvia , Pelosi Claudia
Published: June 2020

This research concerns the application of micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) mapping to the investigation of a group of selected metal objects from the archaeological site of Ferento, a Roman and then medieval town in Central Italy. Specifically, attention was focused on two test pits, named IV and V, in which metal objects were found, mainly pertaining to the medieval period and never investigated before the present work from a compositional point of view. The potentiality of µXRF mapping was tested through a Bruker Tornado M4 equipped with an Rh tube, operating at 50 kV, 500 μA, and spot 25 μm obtained with polycapillary optics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) were used for processing the X-ray fluorescence spectra. The results showed that the investigated items are characterized by different compositions in terms of chemical elements. Three little wheels are made of lead, while the fibulae are made of copper-based alloys with varying amounts of tin, zinc, and lead. Only one ring is iron-based, and the other objects, namely a spatula and an applique, are also made of copper-based alloys, but with different relative amounts of the main elements. In two objects, traces of gold were found, suggesting the precious character of these pieces. MCR analysis was demonstrated to be particularly useful to confirm the presence of trace elements, such as gold, as it could differentiate the signals related to minor elements from those due to major chemical elements.
Techno-Economic Optimisation for a Wave Energy Converter via Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sirigu Sergej Antonello , Foglietta Ludovico , Giorgi Giuseppe , Bonfanti Mauro , Cervelli Giulia , Bracco Giovanni , Mattiazzo Giuliana
Published: June 2020

Although sea and ocean waves have been widely acknowledged to have the potential of providing sustainable and renewable energy, the emergence of a self-sufficient and mature industry is still lacking. An essential condition for reaching economic viability is to minimise the cost of electricity, as opposed to simply maximising the converted energy at the early design stages. One of the tools empowering developers to follow such a virtuous design pathway is the techno-economic optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a holistic optimisation of the PeWEC (pendulum wave energy converter), which is a pitching platform converting energy from the oscillation of a pendulum contained in a sealed hull. Optimised parameters comprise shape; dimensions; mass properties and ballast; power take-off control torque and constraints; number and characteristics of the pendulum; and other subcomponents. Cost functions are included and the objective function is the ratio between the delivered power and the capital expenditure. Due to its ability to effectively deal with a large multi-dimensional design space, a genetic algorithm is implemented, with a specific modification to handle unfeasible design candidate and improve convergence. Results show that the device minimising the cost of energy and the one maximising the capture width ratio are substantially different, so the economically-oriented metric should be preferred.
Bloodstream Infection by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Two COVID-19 Patients after Receiving Supplementation of Saccharomyces in the ICU
Authors: Ventoulis Ioannis , Sarmourli Theopisti , Amoiridou Pinelopi , Mantzana Paraskevi , Exindari Maria , Gioula Georgia , Vyzantiadis Timoleon-Achilleas
Published: June 2020

Co-infections have an unknown impact on the morbidity and mortality of the new clinical syndrome called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The syndrome is caused by the new pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and it is probably connected with severe traces in the elements of the immune system. Apart from possible Aspergillus infections, particularly in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), other fungal infections could occur, probably more easily, due to the immunological dysregulation and the critical condition of these patients. Probiotic preparations of Saccharomyces are broadly used for the prevention of antibiotic-associated complications, especially in the intensive care units (ICU). On the other hand, Saccharomyces organisms are reported as agents of invasive infection in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. We report two cases of bloodstream infection by Saccharomyces in two patients hospitalised in the ICU, due to severe COVID-19, after Saccharomyces supplementation.
Some Diophantine Problems Related to k-Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Trojovský Pavel , Hubálovský Štěpán
Published: June 2020

Let k ≥ 1 be an integer and denote ( F k , n ) n as the k-Fibonacci sequence whose terms satisfy the recurrence relation F k , n = k F k , n − 1 + F k , n − 2 , with initial conditions F k , 0 = 0 and F k , 1 = 1 . In the same way, the k-Lucas sequence ( L k , n ) n is defined by satisfying the same recursive relation with initial values L k , 0 = 2 and L k , 1 = k . The sequences ( F k , n ) n ≥ 0 and ( L k , n ) n ≥ 0 were introduced by Falcon and Plaza, who derived many of their properties. In particular, they proved that F k , n 2 + F k , n + 1 2 = F k , 2 n + 1 and F k , n + 1 2 − F k , n − 1 2 = k F k , 2 n , for all k ≥ 1 and n ≥ 0 . In this paper, we shall prove that if k > 1 and F k , n s + F k , n + 1 s ∈ ( F k , m ) m ≥ 1 for infinitely many positive integers n, then s = 2 . Similarly, that if F k , n + 1 s − F k , n − 1 s ∈ ( k F k , m ) m ≥ 1 holds for infinitely many positive integers n, then s = 1 or s = 2 . This generalizes a Marques and Togbé result related to the case k = 1 . Furthermore, we shall solve the Diophantine equations F k , n = L k , m , F k , n = F n , k and L k , n = L n , k .
Fungistatic Action of N-Acetylcysteine on Candida albicans Biofilms and Its Interaction with Antifungal Agents
Authors: Nunes Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos , Rosa Leticia Matheus , Vega-Chacón Yuliana , Mima Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

Therapies targeted to fungal biofilms, mainly against the matrix, and therapies that do not induce microbial resistance are relevant. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, has shown antimicrobial action. This study evaluated the effect of NAC against fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) Candida albicans. The susceptibility of planktonic cultures to NAC, the effect of NAC on biofilms and their matrix, the interaction of NAC with antifungal agents, and confocal microscopy were evaluated. Data were analyzed descriptively and by the ANOVA/Welch and Tukey/Gomes–Howell tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC was 25 mg/mL for both strains. NAC significantly reduced the viability of both fungal strains. Concentrations higher than the MIC (100 and 50 mg/mL) reduced the viability and the biomass. NAC at 12.5 mg/mL increased the fungal viability. NAC also reduced the soluble components of the biofilm matrix, and showed synergism with caspofungin against planktonic cultures of CaS, but not against biofilms. Confocal images demonstrated that NAC reduced the biofilm thickness and the fluorescence intensity of most fluorochromes used. High concentrations of NAC had similar fungistatic effects against both strains, while a low concentration showed the opposite result. The antibiofilm action of NAC was due to its fungistatic action.