bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing Care Systematization with Case-Based Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Alazzam Malik Bader , Tayyib Nahla , Alshawwa Samar Zuhair , Ahmed Md. Kawser
Published: March 2022

Of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence (AI), those used in the health sector are the ones that represent the largest proportion, in terms of use and expectation. An investigative systematization model is proposed in the scientific training of nursing professionals, by articulating epistemological positions from previous studies on the subject. In order to validate the model proposed, a prototype was created to present an application that could help nurses in their clinical processes, storing their experiences in a case base for future research. The prototype consisted of digitizing paediatric nursing diagnoses and inserting them into a case base in order to assess the effectiveness of the prototype in handling these cases in a structure conducive to retrieval, adaptation, indexing, and case comparison. This work presents as a result a computational tool for the health area, employing one of the artificial intelligence techniques, case-based reasoning (CBR). The small governmental nursing education institution in Bangladesh used in this study did not yet have the systemization of nursing care (NCS) and computerized support scales.
Product-Type Operators on the Space of Fractional Cauchy Transforms
Authors: Fan Zeng , Guo Xin
Published: March 2022

The space of fractional Cauchy transforms plays a central role in classical complex analysis, harmonic analysis, and geometric measure theory. In this paper, we study the boundedness and compactness of product-type operators from the space of fractional Cauchy transforms to the Zygmund-type space in terms of the function theoretic characterization of Julia–Carathéodory type.
Automatic Console Image Processing Aided by Improved Particle Swarm Computing Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Chen Mujun
Published: March 2022

The search range and search position of the particle are closely related to the shrinkage-expansion factor of the particle and the value of the center of the potential well. As the number of iterations increases, its search will gradually fall near the center of the potential well, and the search range will gradually decrease. Therefore, when the center of the potential well and the search range gradually approach the global optimum, the final result of the algorithm can be guaranteed to be the global optimum. Therefore, we need to optimize the shrinkage-expansion factor and the potential well center, improve the individual development ability of the group in the later stage of the algorithm and the expansion ability of the group, so that the potential well center is easier to fall near the global optimal point. Based on the chaotic strategy, a particle swarm initialization method is proposed. Using the unique ergodicity of the chaotic system, the method can make the particles spread well in the solution space of the search problem. Based on the antecedent normal cloud model, an adaptive method for determining control parameters and the center of the potential well is proposed. Based on the consequent normal cloud model, a particle adaptive mutation method is proposed. The comprehensive application of these improvement measures to the improved QPSO effectively improves the performance of the original algorithm. In this paper, the principle and method of multioptical axis parallelism measurement are studied. Based on the hardware equipment of the parallelism measurement system based on the large-diameter off-axis parabolic mirror collimator, the measurement accuracy and automation of the system are improved through image processing technology. The degree and anti-interference ability of the system are analyzed in detail. According to the characteristics of the system, an optimized focus evaluation function and a center positioning algorithm are proposed to improve the measurement speed and accuracy of the system. Through the improvement of the system DCT focus evaluation coefficient method and the optimization of the least squares ellipse fitting process, the measurement accuracy and anti-interference ability of the system are improved, the calculation time is shortened, and the real-time performance and automation of the system are enhanced.
The Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xiaochaihutang in Treating Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Zheng Lin , Jiang Hongnan , Li Ruoqi , Song Liying , Chen Ruihan , Dong Honglin
Published: March 2022

Background. As a classic prescription in Chinese medicine treatment, Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) can improve the clinical effect and reduce serum tumor markers in patients with breast cancer (BC). However, there has not been any study to confirm the mechanism. We used bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology to find the potential targets. Methods. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BC were identified from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Then, we utilized weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) with the same dataset. The target genes of BC were obtained by comparing genes of DEGs and in significant modules of WGCNA. Drug targets of XCHT from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database were intersected with the targets of BC. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) of the drug targets was analysed by using the STRING database. We utilized the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis (KEGG) enrichment analysis to identify the specific pathways and key target proteins. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used as the verification of drug targets. Molecular docking was performed to visualize the patterns of interactions between the effective molecule and targeted protein. Results. We obtained a set of 21 target genes, which mainly encode neurotransmitter receptors or related transporters, such as OPRD1, 5‐HT2A, and so on. In addition, enrichment analyses of 21 target genes showed that they were mainly concentrated in pathways related to the nervous system. Molecular docking was performed on the target gene of BC. Six active compounds can enter the active pocket of target gene, namely, naringenin, beta‐sitosterol, coumestrol, nuciferine, beta‐sitosterol, and protopine, thereby exerting potential therapeutic effects in BC. Conclusions. Our analysis shows that the mechanism of XCHT in the treatment of BC is mainly acting on the neurogenesis in the microenvironment of breast tumor tissue.
Apigenin Suppresses the Warburg Effect and Stem-like Properties in SOSP-9607 Cells by Inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shi Yihua , Lian Kai , Jia Jiguang
Published: March 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor that commonly occurs in children and adolescents. Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is one of the most researched phenolic compounds that exhibits antitumor effects in several cancers. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of apigenin on OS. To address this, OS cells (SOSP-9607) were treated with different concentrations of apigenin. The proliferation, migration, invasion, stem-like properties, and Warburg effect of apigenin-treated OS cells were evaluated. Apigenin was found to suppress the proliferation of SOSP-9607 cells and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by decreased number of migrated and invaded cells, decreased protein expression of vimentin, and increased protein expression of E-cadherin. Additionally, apigenin suppressed tumorsphere formation and reduced the proportion of SOSP-9607 cells with positive expression of the stem cell-related markers Nanog and OCT-4. Apigenin inhibited the Warburg effect in SOSP-9607 cells, as demonstrated by decreased glucose and lactic acid levels, increased citrate and ATP levels, and downregulation of GLUT1, HK1, and LDHA, which are metabolism-related enzymes related to the Warburg effect. Moreover, apigenin inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in SOSP-9607 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that apigenin suppresses the Warburg effect and stem-like properties in SOSP-9607 cells, which may be mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, thus, providing a novel strategy for OS treatment.
Diagnostic Value of MRI Combined with CXCR4 Expression Level in Lymph Node Metastasis Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Xingde , Wang Ming , Liu Fenghai , Wang Jingrun
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with CXCR4 expression levels in lymph node metastasis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods. 289 patients with HNSCC were divided into lymph node metastasis group (LNM group,

n
=
171

) and non-LNM group (

n
=
118

) according to the pathological examination results. MRI was used to scan the patient’s lesions and cervical lymph nodes, and ADC was measured by MRI diffusion weighting imaging. The expression of CXCR4 in tumor tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of HNSCC lymph node metastasis. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic effects of MRI, CXCR4, and MRI combined with CXCR4 on HNSCC lymph node metastasis. Results. Compared with the non-LNM group, patients in the LNM group had a lower degree of pathological differentiation, and the positive rate of TNM staging and vascular invasion was higher. The signal intensity of T1WI and T2WI were low intensity and high intensity, respectively, and the ADC value was significantly reduced. At the same time, the expression level of CXCR4 in the tumor tissues of the LNM group was also significantly increased. In addition, compared with MRI and CXCR4 used alone, MRI combined with CXCR4 has a higher predictive value. Conclusion. MRI has a good effect in demonstrating lymph node metastasis. CXCR4 is significantly upregulated in lymph node metastasis tumor tissue. The combination of the two can be used for clinical diagnosis of HNSCC lymph node metastasis.
Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape and a New Prognostic Score in Glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Chi Shumei
Published: March 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive, malignant primary brain tumor, which has abundant tumor-infiltrating immune cells and stroma in the tumor microenvironment (TME). So far, the TME landscape of GBM has not been elucidated. GBM samples were retrieved from TCGA and GEO databases. We used ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to calculate risk score associated with TME, and immune cell infiltration (ICI) score of each patient is calculated by PCA. GSEA analysis is explored for each subgroup. Finally, the patient prognosis in different ICI score subgroup is determined. Two ICI clusters are determined in 208 GBM patients, and 207 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) are found between ICI clusters. And then, two gene clusters were determined. Finally, we obtained ICI score for each patient using principal component analysis (PCA). Patients were divided into high and low ICI score subgroups by setting the median as cutoff. Through GSEA, we found ECM-receptor interaction, mTOR signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and other immunosuppressive pathway related genes in the low ICI score group. Furthermore, patients with high ICI score group have more better prognosis. Targeting the stroma in GBM may be an effective new therapeutic approach, and the ICI score is an effective potential prognostic classifier of GBM.
Sinomenine Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry and Migration of Breast Cancer Side Population Cells via Regulating miR‐340‐5p/SIAH2 Axis
Authors: Song Lingqin , Tang Liqiong , Lu Dalin , Hu Min , Liu Chengcheng , Zhang Haifeng , Zhao Yang , Liu Di , Zhang Shuqun
Published: March 2022

Hypoxia and its induced vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, which both closely related with stem‐like side population (SP) cells, are the main culprits leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Sinomenine exhibits excellent anticancer activity in breast cancer, but whether and how it affects hypoxia‐triggered VM formation in breast cancer SP cells remains unclear. In this study, breast cancer SP cells were sorted from MDA‐MB‐231 cells and cultured with sinomenine under hypoxic conditions. Sinomenine obviously repressed the migration and VM formation of breast cancer SP cells. Through downregulating SIAH2 and HIF‐1α, sinomenine can inhibit epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process of breast cancer SP cells. SIAH2 was identified as a target of miR‐340‐5p and was downregulated by it, and sinomenine can upregulate miR‐340‐5p. Hypoxia‐induced downregulation of miR‐340‐5p and activation of SIAH2/HIF‐1α pathway can be both counteracted by the sinomenine. Moreover, miR‐340‐5p inhibition and SIAH2 overexpression can partly counteract the anticancer effects of sinomenine. Taken together, sinomenine inhibits hypoxia‐caused VM formation and metastasis of breast cancer SP cells by regulating the miR‐340‐5p/SIAH2 axis.
Implementation of HACCP Management System in a Cake Manufacturing Company in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Case Study
Authors: Jubayer Md. Fahad , Hossain Md. Sajjad , Al-Emran Md. , Uddin Md. Nasir
Published: March 2022

The study aims to provide technical information on the development and application of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) in one of the popular cake manufacturing companies in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A generic HACCP plan in accordance with legal requirements was created after a detailed analysis of data collected from the company. Every step of the production process was examined for biological, chemical, and physical hazards. The prerequisite program was designed to address some hazards prior to production, thereby simplifying the HACCP plan. The critical control points were determined by answering the questions in the decision trees. Finally, the HACCP control chart was created to include critical limits, monitoring, and corrective actions as the components of several HACCP principles. One critical control point (CCP) and two operational prerequisite programs (oPRPs) were identified throughout the manufacturing process. This is the first HACCP study aimed at a cake manufacturing company, and it is expected that it would assist process engineers and quality control specialists in designing and implementing control measures.
A Research of Neural Network Optimization Technology for Apple Freshness Recognition Based on Gas Sensor Array
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Weizhen , Liu Yungang , Wang Zhaoba , Yan Zhuanhong
Published: March 2022

In the process of growth, apples’ ripening, storage, transportation, and processing, the appearance and internal physiological characteristics will have some changes because of the effect of time and physical attributes. A series of problems, such as the false ripeness and putrefaction of fruit, will bring huge economic losses to fruit vendors and harm to consumers. In this paper, an odor recognition system has been designed for the fast evaluation of the freshness characteristics of apples, which is based on the freshness characteristics of Fuji apple. A series of apple-air mixture with equivalent model was established by studying the change of gas concentration during the growth and storage of apples. The continuous projection algorithm (Successive Projections Algorithm, SPA) is used to optimize the sensor array to solve the problems of collinearity and overlap and also to eliminate the abnormal and redundant sensors. ZigBee wireless sensor network is adopted to send data to host computer, and BP (Error Backpropagation) neural network algorithm optimized by SFLA (shuffled complex evolution, SCE + Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) algorithm is used to recognize gas data, which greatly improves the training speed and precision of neural network. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the Fuji apples freshness is 98.67% and can quickly and comprehensively identify the freshness of apples.
Modern Art Interactive Design Relying on Neural Network Intelligent Algorithms
Authors: Guo Yanan
Published: March 2022

The extraction speed of current art exchange element is relatively low, and its effect is relatively poor, so is the effect of art exchange. Therefore, a new art exchange method has been developed with respect to artificial intelligence technology, which analyzes the background of current art, providing a good environment foundation for the exchange place to integrate the artificial intelligence technology after the exchange, and interacts with the network artificial intelligence technology and the multimedia multielement exchange art in the control. It has been proved through practice that artificial intelligence technology embodies the advantages of design tools and the improvement of efficiency in modern art exchange; it allows the current diversity of artistic interaction and enables it to obtain new development in the current new technological background.
The Design of a Dual Servo Drive and Control Integrated Platform Based on VNet Neural Network
Authors: Huiling Zhang
Published: March 2022

A dual-servo drive and control integrated platform based on VNet neural network development is aimed to address the concerns of poor realization function, operational stability, and lengthy reaction time in the presently built dual-servo drive and control integrated platform. The VNet neural network model structure is established, the VNet neural network model is trained, and the VNet neural network adaptive control method is introduced. Based on VNet neural network development, the hardware design of the dual servo drive control integrated platform has been completed through the overall hardware architecture of the platform, power drive circuit design, and control unit circuit design. The control program was developed using the C language based on a combination of STM32F4 library functions. Through the overall structure of the platform software, the design of functional modules and the design of the servo drive controller, the software design of the dual-servo drive and control integrated platform is completed, and the dual-servo drive and control integrated platform design is realized. The experimental results show that the proposed method design platform’s implementation function and operational stability are good, and the platform response time can be effectively shortened.
Pricing and Coordination of Remanufacturing Supply Chain with Government Participation considering Consumers’ Preferences and Quality of Recycled Products
Authors: Feng Yanhua , Xia Xuhui , Yin Xinyi , Wang Lei , Zhang Zelin
Published: March 2022

Remanufacturing has become an important way to realize sustainable development strategy. For remanufacturing closed‐loop supply chain under different circumstances, many factors are considered, such as consumers’ different preferences for the purchase and payment of remanufactured products and the quality of recycled products. In this study, three models are presented for supply chain system, including a manufacturer lead and a retailer recycle. While nongovernment participation and non‐supply‐chain coordination are considered in model I, model II has government participation but non‐supply‐chain coordination, and model III has both government participation and supply chain coordination. The equilibrium decisions are derived for each model using the game‐theoretic approach. The study found that consumers’ preferences affect the pricing decisions of remanufactured products. When consumers’ willingness to buy and pay for remanufactured products is close to that of new products, the total profit of the supply chain will significantly increase; the quality of recycled products will also influence the pricing decisions of new/remanufactured products, which in turn will affect the market demand for products. Government participation is conducive to encouraging manufacturer, retailer, and consumers to actively participate in the recycling and remanufacturing activities of used products. Supply chain coordination contracts can further enhance the role of the consumer market and promote the implementation of government policies. Under certain conditions, revenue sharing contract coordination can significantly increase the total profit of the supply chain system. The research conclusions have certain reference value for the coordination among the nodes of the remanufacturing supply chain and the formulation of policies with government participation.
Effects of Feeding Frequency and Dietary Protein/Carbohydrate Ratios on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Intestinal Functionality and Health
Authors: Basto-Silva Catarina , Serra Cláudia R. , Castro Carolina , Nóvoa Guilherme S. , Oliva-Teles Aires , Capilla Encarnación , Guerreiro Inês
Published: March 2022

The present study evaluated the effects of feeding frequency (FF) and dietary protein/carbohydrate (P/CH) ratios on intestinal histomorphology, microbiota profile, and digestive and oxidative stress-related enzyme activities of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). To this purpose, two practical diets were formulated: one with 50% P and 10% CH (P50/CH10) and other with 40% P and 20% CH (P40/CH20). Triplicate groups of fish with9.1±0.01 gwere fed these diets for 60 days until visual satiation at a FF of 1, 2, or 3 meals per day. Distal intestine histomorphology was not affected by diet composition or FF. However, the pyloric caeca (PC) of fish fed 1 meal per day presented more gut fold height alterations than the other groups, except in fish fed diet P50/CH10 3 meals per day, where no changes was observed. Fish fed diet P40/CH20 3 meals per day also presented higher PC submucosa cellularity than the other groups. Fish fed diet P40/CH20 presented a higher number of operational taxonomic units, microbial richness, and diversity indices than fish fed diet P50/CH10. Amylase was the only measured digestive enzyme affected by the experimental conditions, presenting higher activity in fish fed diet P50/CH10 once per day. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was lower in fish fed 2 meals per day than only 1. While catalase activity was lower in fish fed 2 than 3 meals per day. Glutathione reductase activity was the only measured parameter affected both by dietary P/CH ratio and FF, being inferior in fish fed once per day the P50/CH10 diet than the P40/CH20 diet and, also in the P50/CH10 diet, to fish fed 1 than those fed 3 meals per day. Overall, no major interactions was observed between dietary P/CH ratio and FF; however, a P40/CH20 diet fed 2 meals per day might be recommended for gilthead seabream juveniles.
AFLPC: An Asynchronous Federated Learning Privacy-Preserving Computing Model Applied to 5G-V2X
Authors: Huang Jie , Xu Cheng , Ji Zhaohua , Xiao Shan , Liu Teng , Ma Nan , Zhou Qinghui
Published: March 2022

Federated learning can effectively protect local data privacy in 5G-V2X environment and ensure data protection in Internet of vehicles environment. The advantages of low delay of 5G network should be better utilized in the vehicle-road cooperative system. But the existing asynchronous federated learning obtains a local model through different node training and completes the update of the global model through the central server. There are problems such as single point of failure, privacy leakage, and deviation of aggregation parameters. In response to the above problems, we proposed a 5G-V2X-oriented asynchronous federated learning privacy-preserving computing model (AFLPC). We used an adaptive differential privacy mechanism to reduce noise while protecting data privacy. A weight-based asynchronous federated learning aggregation update method is proposed to reasonably control the proportion of parameters submitted by users with different training speeds in the aggregation parameters and actively update the aggregation parameters of lagging users, so as to effectively reduce the negative impact on the model caused by the different speed of finding you. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively ensure the credibility and privacy of asynchronous federated learning in 5G-V2X scenarios and at the same time improve the utility of the model.
Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children and Adolescents: Twenty-Six Year Experience from a Single Centre
Authors: Korkmaz Hüseyin Anil , Kapoor Ritika R , Kalitsi Jennifer , Aylwin Simon JB , Buchanan Charles R , Arya Ved Bhushan
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Paediatric cohorts of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) have shown varying prevalence for different causes of CDI. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of CDI and long-term outcome in children and adolescents from a Tertiary Paediatric Endocrinology unit. Methods. The clinic database was searched to identify patients with CDI managed between 1993 and 2019. Relevant clinical information was collected from patient records. Results. A total of 138 CDI patients, median age 6 years (range <1–18) at presentation, were identified. Principal CDI aetiologies were craniopharyngioma (n = 44), acute central nervous system (CNS) insult (n = 33), germinoma (n = 15), postneurosurgery (indication other than craniopharyngioma and germinoma, n = 20), midline CNS malformation (n = 14), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n = 5), and familial (n = 2). Idiopathic CDI in this cohort was infrequent (n = 5). Patients with CNS malformations/infections presented with CDI at a younger age compared to patients with CNS tumours

p
<
0.0001

. Five patients, initially presenting as idiopathic CDI, were subsequently diagnosed with germinoma after a median interval of 3.3 years. All patients with CDI related to craniopharyngioma and nearly all (87%) patients with CDI related to germinoma had concomitant GH, ACTH, and TSH deficiency. The majority of patients who manifested CDI due to acute CNS insult either deceased (30%) or had transient CDI (33.3%). Conclusion. Surgery for craniopharyngioma was the most common underlying aetiology of CDI with ubiquitous occurrence of panhypopituitarism in these patients. Manifestation of CDI in patients with acute CNS insult carries poor prognosis. We affirm that neuroimaging assessment in idiopathic CDI should be continued beyond 3 years from diagnosis as a significant number of patients exhibited progression of infundibular thickening 3 years post-CDI diagnosis.
Enterprise Decision-Making and Analysis Based on E-Commerce Data Mining
Authors: Wang Xiaozhi , Huang Jieqiong
Published: March 2022

Enterprises have established a number of business processing systems and business websites according to their own characteristics and business needs, such as e-commerce websites and shopping websites. Over time, a large number of sales transaction data and customer purchase information have been generated, but no useful information has been generated stored in the database. Therefore, the management and decision-making levels of enterprises try to get useful information from huge and complex data. With the development of network technology and database, data mining technology has emerged. Nowadays, data mining technology has become one of the most concerned technologies of e-commerce. It can select appropriate data mining methods according to the characteristics of commodities, carry out effective statistical analysis and decision support for data, predict and analyze future market trends, greatly improve the business intelligence analysis of e-commerce enterprises, and make enterprises have greater advantages in market competition. This paper explains some important methods related to data mining and designs a data mining system. One of the systems can help e-commerce decision-makers analyze and predict data. Through experiments, it is concluded that the average absolute percentage errors of prediction data are 8.6% and 5.3%, respectively, with small errors and high accuracy. Second, make better recommendations for users. After investigation and analysis, the highest satisfaction has increased by 25% after using the system.
Medical Image Captioning Using Optimized Deep Learning Model
Authors: Singh Arjun , Krishna Raguru Jaya , Prasad Gaurav , Chauhan Surbhi , Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Zaguia Atef , Ullah Mohammad Aman
Published: March 2022

Medical image captioning provides the visual information of medical images in the form of natural language. It requires an efficient approach to understand and evaluate the similarity between visual and textual elements and to generate a sequence of output words. A novel show, attend, and tell model (ATM) is implemented, which considers a visual attention approach using an encoder-decoder model. But the show, attend, and tell model is sensitive to its initial parameters. Therefore, a Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm-II (SPEA-II) is utilized to optimize the initial parameters of the ATM. Finally, experiments are considered using the benchmark data sets and competitive medical image captioning techniques. Performance analysis shows that the SPEA-II-based ATM performs significantly better as compared to the existing models.
Fine Geological Modeling of Complex Fault Block Reservoir Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Zhe , Li Wenke , Zhang Lei , Li Jiajing
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, people’s demand for underground mineral resources is increasing, and geological disasters have occurred frequently in recent years. Geological disasters refer to geological effects or geological phenomena that are formed under the action of natural or man-made factors, causing loss of human life and property, and damage to the environment; such as landslides, collapses, mudslides, and ground subsidence. Under such a background, people must accelerate the exploration of complex geological structures. This paper is aimed at using the methods and concepts of deep reinforcement learning. Deep learning is to learn the inherent laws and representation levels of sample data. The information obtained during these learning processes is of great help to the interpretation of data such as text and images. In this way, the fine geology of complex fault-block reservoirs is modeled and studied. Geological structures and phenomena are discussed through convolutional neural network models and computer techniques. At the same time, the multitask bird recognition network is used to extract and classify geological images, so as to construct geological model maps with different spatial structures. Finally, the quality of the fault reconstruction model, the calculation of reservoir geological simulation reserves, and the evaluation of the water injection development effect of complex fault blocks are analyzed. In the evaluation of the development effect of water injection in complex fault blocks, comparing the relationship curve between the actual comprehensive water content and the oil recovery factor with the standard curve, the comprehensive water content of the initial block increased rapidly. Through timely and dynamic water allocation and comprehensive management, the water cut rising speed is controlled. The current comprehensive water cut of the reservoir is between 60% and 80%, the actual curve is between 25% and 35%, and the estimated waterflooding recovery is about 30%.
Efficacy, Influencing Factors, and Safety of Alteplase Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Combined with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Yongyin , Cai Haoye , Shu Hao , He Ruqian , Huang Xuerong , Song Xiaoyi
Published: March 2022

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase is currently the most effective method to improve the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke combined with atrial fibrillation and to analyze the related influencing factors. It turns out, alteplase intravenous thrombolysis is effective for patients with ICS combined with atrial fibrillation, and the incidence of sICH are lower than those without alteplase intravenous thrombolysis, but the efficacy is worse than that of patients without atrial fibrillation. At the same time, the baseline NHISS score and systolic pressure before the thrombolytic were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in ICS patients with atrial fibrillation. This study has provided a scientific basis for making an active decision to perform ultraearly intravenous thrombolysis in our hospital to reduce the mortality and disability rate of stroke in the region.
Chemotherapy-Induced Collagen IV Drives Cancer Cell Motility through Activation of Src and Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Fatherree Jackson P. , Guarin Justinne R. , McGinn Rachel A. , Naber Stephen P. , Oudin Madeleine J.
Published: March 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and deadly subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 30,000 cases annually in the United States. While there are several clinical trials ongoing to identify new agents to treat TNBC, the majority of patients with TNBC are treated with anthracycline- or taxane-based chemotherapies in the neoadjuvant setting, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. While many patients respond well to this approach, as many as 25% will suffer local or metastatic recurrence within 5 years. Understanding the mechanisms that drive recurrence after chemotherapy treatment is critical to improving survival for patients with TNBC. It is well established that the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structure and support to tissues, is a major driver of tumor growth, local invasion, and dissemination of cancer cells to distant metastatic sites. In the present study, we show that decellularized ECM (dECM) obtained from chemotherapy-treated mice increases motility of treatment-naïve breast cancer cells compared with vehicle-treated dECM. Tandem-mass–tag proteomics revealed that anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapies induce drug-specific changes in tumor ECM composition. The basement membrane protein collagen IV was significantly upregulated in the ECM of chemotherapy-treated mice and patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Collagen IV drove invasion via activation of Src and focal adhesion kinase signaling downstream of integrin α1 and α2, and inhibition of collagen IV–driven signaling decreased motility in chemotherapy-treated dECM. These studies provide a novel mechanism by which chemotherapy may induce metastasis via its effects on ECM composition.

Significance:

Cytotoxic chemotherapy induces significant changes in the composition of tumor ECM, inducing a more invasive and aggressive phenotype in residual tumor cells following chemotherapy.
The Polarity and Specificity of Antiviral T Lymphocyte Responses Determine Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cancer and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Fahrner Jean-Eudes , Lahmar Imran , Goubet Anne-Gaëlle , Haddad Yacine , Carrier Agathe , Mazzenga Marine , Drubay Damien , Alves Costa Silva Carolina ,   Lyon COVID Study Group, de Sousa Eric , Thelemaque Cassandra , Melenotte Cléa , Dubuisson Agathe , Geraud Arthur , Ferrere Gladys , Birebent Roxanne , Bigenwald Camille , Picard Marion , Cerbone Luigi , Lérias Joana R. , Laparra Ariane , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Kloeckner Benoît , Gazzano Marianne , Danlos François-Xavier , Terrisse Safae , Pizzato Eugenie , Flament Caroline , Ly Pierre , Tartour Eric , Benhamouda Nadine , Meziani Lydia , Ahmed-Belkacem Abdelhakim , Miyara Makoto , Gorochov Guy , Barlesi Fabrice , Trubert Alexandre , Ungar Benjamin , Estrada Yeriel , Pradon Caroline , Gallois Emmanuelle , Pommeret Fanny , Colomba Emeline , Lavaud Pernelle , Deloger Marc , Droin Nathalie , Deutsch Eric , Gachot Bertrand , Spano Jean-Philippe , Merad Mansouria , Scotté Florian , Marabelle Aurélien , Griscelli Frank , Blay Jean-Yves , Soria Jean-Charles , Merad Miriam , André Fabrice , Villemonteix Juliette , Chevalier Mathieu F. , Caillat-Zucman Sophie , Fenollar Florence , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Launay Odile , Kroemer Guido , La Scola Bernard , Maeurer Markus , Derosa Lisa , Zitvogel Laurence
Published: March 2022

Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on the in-depth understanding of protective immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We characterized the polarity and specificity of memory T cells directed against SARS-CoV-2 viral lysates and peptides to determine correlates with spontaneous, virus-elicited, or vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in disease-free and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between type 1 and 2 cytokine release was associated with high susceptibility to COVID-19. Individuals susceptible to infection exhibited a specific deficit in the T helper 1/T cytotoxic 1 (Th1/Tc1) peptide repertoire affecting the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S1-RBD), a hotspot of viral mutations. Current vaccines triggered Th1/Tc1 responses in only a fraction of all subject categories, more effectively against the original sequence of S1-RBD than that from viral variants. We speculate that the next generation of vaccines should elicit Th1/Tc1 T-cell responses against the S1-RBD domain of emerging viral variants.

Significance:

This study prospectively analyzed virus-specific T-cell correlates of protection against COVID-19 in healthy and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between Th1/Th2 recall responses conferred susceptibility to COVID-19 in both populations, coinciding with selective defects in Th1 recognition of the receptor binding domain of spike.

See related commentary by McGary and Vardhana, p. 892.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Phosphoantigen-Stimulated γδ T Cells Suppress Natural Killer–Cell Responses to Missing-Self
Authors: Walwyn-Brown Katherine , Pugh Jason , Cocker Alexander T.H. , Beyzaie Niassan , Singer Bernhard B. , Olive Daniel , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Parham Peter , Djaoud Zakia
Published: March 2022

γδ T cells stimulated by phosphoantigens (pAg) are potent effectors that secrete Th1 cytokines and kill tumor cells. Consequently, they are considered candidates for use in cancer immunotherapy. However, they have proven only moderately effective in several clinical trials. We studied the consequences of pAg-stimulated γδ T-cell interactions with natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, major innate and adaptive effectors, respectively. We found that pAg-stimulated γδ T cells suppressed NK-cell responses to “missing-self” but had no effect on antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Extensive analysis of the secreted cytokines showed that pAg-stimulated γδ T cells had a proinflammatory profile. CMV-pp65–specific CD8+ T cells primed with pAg-stimulated γδ T cells showed little effect on responses to pp65-loaded target cells. By contrast, NK cells primed similarly with γδ T cells had impaired capacity to degranulate and produce IFNγ in response to HLA class I–deficient targets. This effect depended on BTN3A1 and required direct contact between NK cells and γδ T cells. γδ T-cell priming of NK cells also led to a downregulation of NKG2D and NKp44 on NK cells. Every NK-cell subset was affected by γδ T cell–mediated immunosuppression, but the strongest effect was on KIR+NKG2A– NK cells. We therefore report a previously unknown function for γδ T cells, as brakes of NK-cell responses to “missing-self.” This provides a new perspective for optimizing the use of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy and for assessing their role in immune responses to pAg-producing pathogens.

See related Spotlight by Kabelitz, p. 543.
CBX2 in DSD: The Quirky Kid on the Block
Authors: Hart Dirk , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Daniel , Biason-Lauber Anna
Published: March 2022

Sex development is an intricate and crucial process in all vertebrates that ensures the continued propagation of genetic diversity within a species, and ultimately their survival. Perturbations in this process can manifest as disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). Various transcriptional networks have been linked to development of the gonad into either male or female, which is actively driven by a set of genes that function in a juxtaposed manner and is maintained through the developmental stages to preserve the final sexual identity. One such identified gene is Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2), an important ortholog of the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, that functions as both chromatin modifier and highly dynamic transactivator. CBX2 was shown to be an essential factor for gonadal development in mammals, as genetic variants or loss-of-function of CBX2 can cause sex reversal in mice and humans. Here we will provide an overview of CBX2, its biological functions at molecular level, and the CBX2-dependent transcriptional landscape in gonadal development and DSD.
Lenvatinib with or without Concurrent Drug-Eluting Beads Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Unresectable, Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Real-World, Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Xia Dongdong , Bai Wei , Wang Enxin , Li Jiaping , Chen Xiaoming , Wang Zhexuan , Huang Mingsheng , Huang Ming , Sun Junhui , Yang Weizhu , Lin Zhengyu , Wu Jianbing , Li Zixiang , Yang Shufa , Zhu Xu , Chen Zaizhong , Zhang Yanfang , Fan Wenzhe , Mai Qicong , Ding Rong , Nie Chunhui , Feng Long , Li Xueda , Huang Wukui , Sun Jun , Wang Qiuhe , Lv Yong , Li Xiaomei , Luo Bohan , Wang Zhengyu , Yuan Jie , Guo Wengang , Li Kai , Li Bing , Li Ruijun , Yin Zhanxin , Xia Jielai , Han Guohong ,   on behalf of China HCC-TACE Study Group
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Lenvatinib is the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of lenvatinib plus drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) versus lenvatinib alone in real-world practice. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 142 consecutive patients who received lenvatinib plus DEB-TACE and 69 patients who received lenvatinib alone as first-line treatment from 15 Chinese academic centers from November 2018 to November 2019. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) were evaluated by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, and safety profiles were compared between the two groups. Results: The median OS and PFS were significantly longer in the combined therapy group than in the monotherapy group in whole cohort (median OS, 15.9 vs. 8.6 months, p = 0.0022; median PFS, 8.6 vs. 4.4 months, p < 0.001) and after propensity score matching analysis (median OS, 13.8 vs. 7.8 months, p = 0.03; median PFS, 7.8 vs. 4.5 months, p = 0.009). Moreover, the treatment option was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS with adjustment based upon baseline characteristics (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.78, p = 0.001, and adjusted HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30–0.60, p < 0.001, respectively) and propensity score (adjusted HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36–0.76, p = 0.001, and adjusted HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33–0.64, p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a greater ORR was observed in the combined group (ORR: 46.48% vs. 13.05%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the most common adverse events (AEs) were elevated aspartate aminotransferase (54.9%) and fatigue (46.4%) in the lenvatinib plus DEB-TACE group and lenvatinib group, respectively. Most AEs were mild-to-moderate and manageable. Conclusions: With well-tolerated safety, lenvatinib plus DEB-TACE was more effective than lenvatinib monotherapy in improving OS, PFS, and ORR. Thus, it may be a promising treatment for advanced HCC. Future prospective studies confirming these findings are warranted.
Responsividade de dois instrumentos de avaliação do equilíbrio em pacientes pós-AVE trombolisado na fase aguda
Authors: Bernardes Lemuel Victor da Silva , Maso Iara , Santos Marilucia Reis dos , Silva Alana das Mercês , Oliveira Francisco Robson , Motta dos Anjos Jorge Luís
Published: March 2022

The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Postural Assessment for Stroke Scale (PASS) are useful and valid measurement tools in clinical practice. Objective: To compare the responsiveness of BBS and PASS in assessing the balance of post-stroke thrombolyzed individuals in the acute phase. Methods: This is a longitudinal analytical study, conducted in a Stroke Unit, in which BSS and PASS were applied in the first 24 hours and on the seventh day of hospitalization or on the day of discharge. To determine responsiveness, the Effect Size Index (ES) and the Standardized Response Mean (SRM) were adopted, and the soil and ceiling effect of both scales were also calculated. Results: 44 patients, predominantly male, mean age 60 (±13) years and median NIHSS 3.5 [1-6]. Bothassessment instruments detected improved balance. Both scales presented small ES, with the BBS ES being equal to 0.2 and PASS equal to 0.3. The SRM was moderate for both scales, with the SRM of the BBS equal to 0.7 and the PASS equal to 0.6. The PASS had a lower soil effect than BBS in the first 24 hours, and on the seventh day, BBS had a lower ceiling effect. Conclusion: PASS can be a best option for balance assessment in patients post-stroke in the first 24 hours, while BBS may be a better choice for evaluation from the seventh post-stroke in this specific population.
Functional mobility in Parkinson’s disease: associations with motor and non-motor symptoms
Authors: Scalzo Paula Luciana , Faria-Fortini Iza de , Pereira Jéssica Ramos , Azevedo Lílian Viana dos Santos , Cruz Ana Carolina de Souza
Published: March 2022

Functional mobility (FM) is the ability of people to move in different environments, including at home, at work, and in the community, in order to perform functional activities or tasks, independently and safely. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate which motor and/or non-motor symptoms (severity of the motor symptoms, depressive symptoms, and fatigue) have the greatest impact on FM assessed by Modified Parkinson Activity Scale (mPAS) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method: The outcome of interest was FM assessed by mPAS, which includes 14 activities covering three domains (chair transfers, gait akinesia, and bed mobility). Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parkinson’s Disease Fatigue Scale-16 (PFS-16) were used. Results: Forty-four individuals (age: 65±11 years) with PD (PD duration: 7±4 years) were eligible to take part in this cross-sectional, exploratory study. The motor symptoms alone explained 36% (F= 17.85, p<0.001) of the variance in the FM scores. When depressive symptoms were included in the model, the explained variance increased to 45% (F= 12.77, p<0.001). This indicated that individuals who had lower motor and depressive symptoms were less likely to have limitations in FM. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that motor symptoms were the best potential predictor of FM in individuals with PD, according to mPAS scores. Additionally, the presence of depressive symptoms should not be overlooked.