bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the diagnostics of different clinical conditions
Authors: Polińska Beata , Matowicka-Karna Joanna , Kemona Halina
Published: July 2021

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, “Biernacki’s reaction”) is one of the oldest, routine laboratory tests. ESR is sensitive test with
low specificity. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is relatively constant in healthy subjects and unequal between different diseases. ESR
technique uses venous blood collected into tubes with anticoagulant (sodium citrate or EDTA), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is
assessed after 60 minutes. The results are expressed in mm/1 h and its reference values depend on age and gender. Increased ESR is
present in inflammatory, necrotic changes, autoimmune diseases and cancer, anaemias, hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The
characteristic ESR >100 mm/1 h is observed in patients with multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s disease and liver cirrhosis. Reduced ESR occurs
mainly in polycythemia vera and fibrinogen deficiency. Physiologically, the increased ESR is observed during pregnancy, puerperium,
menstruation or while taking certain medications.
Determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood serum by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Potocka-Banaś Barbara , Borowiak Krzysztof , Janus Tomasz , Dembińska Teresa , Rak Alicja
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of cocaine
and its metabolites (benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester) in biological material.
Method. Cocaine and its metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).
Results. The extraction repeated twice with smaller portions of solvent showed higher efficiency and lower values of standard deviation
that is why it was applied to further analysis. To increase sensitivity of LC/MS/MS method optimization of declustering potential was
performed over 0-300V range and DP=100V was chosen.
Collision energy for cocaine and benzoylecgonine was 25V and for ecgonine methyl ester was 22V. High resolution of the apparatus
allowed to select narrow signal range for each compound: 185,135±0.025 Da for cocaine-d3, 182,120±0.025 Da for cocaine, 168,105±0.025
Da for benzoylecgonine and 182,125±0.025 Da for ecgonine methyl ester. Results obtained from analysis of two series of cocaine, benzoylecgonine
and ecgonine methyl ester samples allowed to plot calibration curves within the range of 1-100 ng/ml which showed linearity.
Conclusion. Obtained results allowed for identification and quantitative determination of cocaine and its metabolites (benzoylecgonine
and ecgonine methyl ester) in human serum. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry can find application in both forensic
and clinical toxicology.
Comparative analysis of commercially available methods for proteinuria assessment
from the medical decision point of view – what do we keep forgetting about
Authors: Wlazeł Rafał Nikodem , Janeczko Aneta , Rośniak-Bąk Kinga
Published: July 2021

Introduction: In assessing the kidney function Proteinuria still appears to be the most common screening test. Although recommendations
focus on albuminuria, also in association with urine creatinine level, tradition, habits and economical reasons determine wide
use of dipstick tests the tool for determining urine protein during routine urinalysis.
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare 3 methodologically different tests used for assessing proteinuria, from medical point of
view: the qualitative Sorenson method and 2 quantitative methods: the traditional Exton method and the method with pyrogallol red.
Material and Methods: In this study we analyzed 395 urine samples from patients aged 3-101 years old, 45% (n=182) men, ordered
from 18 entities. In all the samples we determined protein concentration with use of: Combur Test M dipstic tests, cobas u411, Roche;
The Exton Reagent, Specol 11, Aqua-Med; Urinary/CSF protein, AU640, Beckman Coulter. Additionally we performed microscopic examination
of urinary sediment and assessed if any physical or morphological parameters or the patients’ condition influence differences
in obtained protein levels.
Results: Analyzing the results we noticed the Sorenson method had tendency to generate ambiguous and inflated results in comparison
to quantitative methods. The automatic method with pyrogallol red was characterized with the smallest imprecision across all its analytical
linearity. Both quantitative methods was characterized with very good correlation coefficient (R=0.97) of results. The color of the
urine, presence of bacteria and casts as well as serum C-reactive protein and creatinine level, and GFR were associated with statistically
relevant differences in protein levels obtained with use of analytical methods in question.
Conclusions: Only quantitative methods appear to ensure obtaining reliable proteinuria assessment. Laboratories should consider
providing automatic quantitative methods for determining the concentration of the urine protein in routine urinalysis.
Desafios no atendimento à saúde da criança por médicos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Pfeilsticker Francis Jardim , Silva Everton Edjar Atadeu da , Quintino Sara Toledo , Hattori Wallisen Tadashi
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O atendimento em Saúde da Criança por médicos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) fundamenta-se em recomendações do Ministério da Saúde e da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Objetivo: Identificar as dificuldades dos médicos da ESF para ofertarem assistência em Saúde da Criança no município de Patos de Minas/MG, já que a assistência na Atenção Básica (AB) é prestada pela ESF em quase todo o território neste município. Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário estruturado aos 42 médicos que atuam na ESF, com questões específicas relacionadas ao perfil profissional e da equipe da ESF e quanto às ações em Saúde da Criança na anamnese, exame físico, exames laboratoriais e orientações. Resultados: Responderam ao questionário 32 médicos (76%). O principal motivo para estarem na ESF foi o interesse pelo trabalho na AB (78%). As dificuldades mais frequentes relacionadas à equipe foram a falta de realização dos grupos de puericultura (41%) e a ausência da puericultura compartilhada com o enfermeiro (41%). Apontaram que as habilidades clínicas e a abordagem familiar são fatores que dificultam a realização da consulta de puericultura. As dificuldades apresentadas pelos médicos foram quanto às habilidades no exame físico do recém-nascido, principalmente exame dos olhos (59%), audição (63%) e avaliação neurológica (53%). Dentre os testes oftalmológicos a dificuldade variou de 69% para acuidade visual até 94% para o teste de cobertura. Dificuldades relacionadas à estrutura física inadequada e/ou inexistência de equipamento ocorreram para a realização do Teste do Olhinho (34%) e para a aferição de pressão arterial (69%). Dificuldades devidas ao desconhecimento de recomendações do Ministério da Saúde ocorreram com o rastreamento de anemia (16%) e do perfil lipídico (41%). Quanto às orientações 16% dos médicos não abordam as curvas de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) com as famílias, assim como 19% não abordam violência na infância. As dificuldades identificadas nos médicos quanto às habilidades clínicas, podem estar relacionadas à qualidade de formação na graduação, assim como à ausência ou ineficácia de educação permanente durante o exercício profissional. Conclusão: A assistência à criança em Patos de Minas apresenta falhas, que estão relacionadas a fragilidades dos médicos, à estrutura física e de equipamentos e às equipes da ESF.
Desafios da atenção primária no contexto da COVID-19
Authors: Cirino Ferla Maria Simas Bastos , Aragão Jussara Balbino , Meyer Guilherme , Campos Daniela Silva , Gryschek Anna Luiza De Fátima Pinho Lins , Nichiata Lucia Yasuko Izumi
Published: July 2021

Problema: A emergência da pandemia de Covid-19 desafiou a Atenção Primária à Saúde a modificar seus processos de trabalho para mitigar sua ocorrência, sem abandonar as ações programáticas que já vinham desenvolvendo. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a reorganização da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) para enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19, por meio da descrição das ações e estratégias adotadas pelo município de Diadema (SP). Resultados: Apresenta: rotinas e linhas de cuidados prioritárias; visitas domiciliares e ações no território; atendimento à demanda espontânea; fluxo de atendimento para usuários com Síndrome Gripal; imunização e campanha de vacinação da gripe; vigilância dos casos; Saúde Bucal; ações do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica e os procedimentos de enfermagem. Sintetiza o eixo operacional, as ações para o enfrentamento do Covid-19 e os desafios enfrentados. Desde o início da pandemia até janeiro de 2021, a APS foi o maior notificador municipal, responsável por 58% das notificações de casos suspeitos ou confirmados de Covid-19. Conclusão: A pandemia reforça a necessidade de defesa do protagonismo da APS para a alocação de recursos financeiros, otimizando gastos e organizando fluxos para reduzir gastos desnecessários com internações hospitalares, tanto pela Covid-19, quanto pelas demais causas sensíveis à APS.
Avaliando contribuições na substituição de termos informais em classificação de texto de redes sociais com NetSpeak-BR
Authors: Nascimento Rodolpho da Silva , Santos Gabriel dos , Carvalho Flávio , Guedes Gustavo
Published: July 2021

NetSpeak (NS) é um conjunto de palavras informais caracterizadas por uma variação criativa na escrita, com o uso abreviaturas, grafia fonética e outros neologismos. Os termos NS são muito comuns em comunicações escritas em plataformas de redes sociais online, sendo assim tratados em tarefas de pré-processamento para obter melhores resultados nas tarefas de classificação. Este trabalho analisa a contribuição da normalização de dados considerando a troca de termos informais (NS) por termos formais, utilizando o léxico NetSpeak-BR. Embora os resultados tenham indicado um aumento de desempenho usando diferentes algoritmos de classificação de aprendizado de máquina, essa melhoria não foi consistente para diferentes redes sociais.
Quão efetivas são Redes Neurais baseadas em Grafos na Detecção de Fraude para Dados em Rede?
Authors: Pereira Ronald D. R. , Murai Fabrício
Published: July 2021

Redes Neurais baseadas em Grafos (GNNs) são modelos recentes criados para o aprendizado de representações de nós (e de grafos), que alcançaram resultados promissores na detecção de padrões que ocorrem em dados de larga escala que relacionam diferentes entidades. Dentre esses padrões, fraudes financeiras se destacam por sua relevância socioeconômica e por apresentarem desafios particulares, tais como o desbalanceamento extremo entre as classes positivas (fraudes) e negativas (transações legítimas), e o desvio de conceito (i.e., propriedades estatísticas dos dados mudam ao longo do tempo). Neste trabalho, realizamos uma série de experimentos para avaliar técnicas existentes de detecção de fraudes em rede, considerando os dois desafios anteriores. Para isso, utilizamos conjuntos de dados reais, complementados por dados sintéticos criados a partir de uma nova metodologia introduzida aqui. Baseado nessa análise, propomos uma série de pontos de melhoria a serem investigados em pesquisas futuras.
Sistemas Gerenciadores de Legado Digital: implicações tecnológicas e legais em redes sociais
Authors: Maciel Cristiano
Published: July 2021

O ensaio em tela é do tipo informativo-teórico e discute aspectos controversos quanto aos sistemas gerenciadores de legado digital, lançando luz sobre as redes sociais e discutindo questões tecnológicas e legais, a partir da visão do pesquisador sobre o tema. Busca-se fomentar a reflexão sobre o devido tratamento à temática, visando ampliar as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico nesta área, especialmente no Brasil.
Unterstützung für pflegende Angehörige – Die Fachstellen für pflegende Angehörige in Bayern
Authors: Schroll-Decker Irmgard , Meussling-Sentpali Annette , Schwendner Christine
Published: July 2021

Die vom Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege geförderten »Fachstellen für pflegende Angehörige« sollen durch psychosoziale Beratung, begleitende Unterstützung und Entlastung der pflegenden Angehörigen verhindern, dass diese durch die oft lang andauernde Pflege selbst erkranken und pflegebedürftig werden. Darüber, wie dies gelingt, gibt diese Bestandsaufnahme einen Überblick. Über Kooperationsmodelle zwischen den Fachstellen und den Pflegestützpunkten in Bayern werden die Autorinnen in einem der nächsten Hefte berichten.
Die Deutsch-Französische Parlamentarische Versammlung – ein Schritt zur Europäisierung der Parlamente?
Authors: Demesmay Claire , Seidendorf Stefan
Published: July 2021

Parliamentary cooperation has long been a stepchild of the Franco-German relationship, but the creation of the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly (FGPA) in 2019 has closed this gap: For the first time, a separate parliamentary body monitors the cooperation between the two executives. This article aims to explore the question to what extent the FGPA can contribute to strengthening the role of national parliaments in the EU. To this end, the article begins by explaining the context and origin of the FGPA, before scrutinizing its working practice as it has developed since the beginning of the joint work in 2019. Finally, the various elements are evaluated in terms of the added value of the FGPA for parliamentary cooperation in the EU.
Wirksamkeit der Kontrollen im Corporate-Governance-System der Sparkassen
Authors: Ewelt-Knauer Corinna , Schwering Anja , Winkelmann Sandra
Published: July 2021

Da Sparkassen einen öffentlichen Auftrag erfüllen müssen, der ihr Bestehen gesetzlich legitimiert, zeichnet sich ihr Corporate-Governance-System durch Besonderheiten aus. Diese Besonderheiten wirken sich nicht nur auf die Vorstandstätigkeit, sondern auch auf die Tätigkeit der Kontrollorgane aus, welche eine nachhaltige Erfüllung des öffentlichen Auftrags prüfen und gewährleisten sollen. Nach einer Vorstellung des Corporate-Governance-Systems beschäftigt sich der Beitrag daher mit der Frage, ob und wie allgemeine Herausforderungen, die durch das System bedingt sind, sowie besondere Herausforderungen, die sich aus der langanhaltenden Niedrigzinspolitik ergeben, die Effektivität der Kontrollen beeinflussen.
Úvaha nad knihou Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law: Beyond Compliance
Authors: Bílková Veronika
Published: July 2021

Tento text oceňuje přínos knihy Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law: Beyond Compliance (KOSAŘ, D. et al. Routledge, 2020), a to zejména jako případové studie požívání judikatury Evropského soudu pro lidská práva českými vrcholnými soudy. Poukazuje však na to, že autoři svůj příspěvek k poznání v některých aspektech ne zcela vysvětlili. Upozorňuje také na některá zjištění knihy, kterým by prospěla propracovanější argumentace a přesvědčivější propojení mezi daty a závěry z nich vyvozovanými.
Whistleblowing, or the Resistance to Institutional Wrongdoing from Within
Authors: Bocchiola Michele , Ceva Emanuela ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the resort to whistleblowing as a form of resistance to institutional wrongdoing that comes from within an institution. The resort to whistleblowing can take either an individual or an institutional form. As an individual act of resistance, whistleblowing has often been presented as a last resort against institutional wrongdoing whose justification draws on normative arguments for civil disobedience. The institutional form we present in this article shows a nontrivial sense in which a “normalized resort” to whistleblowing can be morally justified as an ordinary practice to resist institutional wrongdoing. Whistleblowing is thus a component of an institutional ethics of office that calls on officeholders’ responsibility to engage in practices of self-scrutiny and self-correction of institutional dysfunctions. The integration of the justification of the resort to whistleblowing within this framework emphasizes the importance of entrusting the oversight of institutional action primarily to institutional members.
Early marriage and displacement�a conversation: how Syrian daughters, mothers and mothers-in-law in Jordan understand marital decision-making
Authors: Zuntz Ann-Christin , Palattiyil George , Amawi Alba , Al Akash Ruba , Nashwan Ayat , Al Majali Areej , Nair Harish
Published: July 2021

Conflict and forced migration threaten to reverse the decline of early marriage in the Middle East. In some Syrian refugee communities, protracted displacement and precarious livelihoods, together with pre-war traditions of early marriage, push families to arrange matches for their adolescent daughters, and sometimes sons. Drawing on thirteen ethnographic interviews with young Syrian women, mothers, mothers-in-law and grandmothers in Jordan, we develop a multi-perspective approach to the study of early marriage. A feminist outlook has informed our fieldwork and the way its results are presented: around a conversation with Syrian women of different ages and from different generational groups. While humanitarian reports often use women�s voices in a tokenistic way, we stay attentive to the complex nature of their stories and ambitions, contrasting them with insights from interviews with Jordanian academics, aid workers and policymakers. Our study adds nuance to existing humanitarian narratives by drawing attention to the interplay of multigenerational household dynamics, legal and economic constraints in host countries, but also younger and older women�s aspirations, that shape marital decision-making within displaced families.
Representações sociais da terapia antirretroviral para pessoas vivendo com HIV
Authors: Araújo Shaiene Naiara , Nascimento Vivian Corrêa , Santos Felipe Kaezer dos , Marques Sergio Corrêa , Oliveira Denize Cristina de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analisar a representação social da terapia antirretroviral para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Método: estudo qualitativo, com a utilização da teoria das representações sociais. A coleta de dados incluiu 50 participantes, sendo realizada de fevereiro a setembro de 2020, utilizando um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e um formulário para evocações livres. O cenário do estudo foi uma unidade de tratamento de HIV na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo software EVOC. Resultados: o núcleo central da representação da terapia antirretroviral reforça o controle do HIV e a imagem do medicamento como algo bom. Conclusão: a estrutura representacional sugere que o grupo tende à normalização da terapia antirretroviral, fazendo referência a um medicamento que controla o HIV. O estudo possibilitou reconhecer os diferentes conteúdos representacionais da terapia antirretroviral para o grupo estudado, além da variada complexidade entre as imagens identificadas.
A construção do “eu” professora de Libras
Authors: Sousa Geisiele Cavalcante de , Munguba Marilene Calderaro Da Silva , Clark Keren Rachel Santos
Published: July 2021

A descoberta de uma identidade profissional é uma experiência muito singular na vida de qualquer pessoa. Por vezes, é um processo que se inicia despretensioso, vai se fortalecendo com alguns episódios e culmina com uma constatação marcante. Assim se deu a construção da identidade “professora de Libras” na autora do presente relato. Seu ingresso em um projeto de extensão focado na difusão de Libras e a experiência de lecionar esta língua para duas turmas de alunos iniciantes definiram a certeza da identificação com esta atividade. E mais ainda: a convicção de como Língua Brasileira de Sinais precisa ser mais amplamente divulgada.
Promoção de Saúde Bucal para Adultos com Deficiência Intelectual: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Reis Giselle Emilãine da Silva , Dezanetti Jullyana Mayara Preizner , Pupo Yasmine Mendes , Torres-Pereira Cassius Carvalho
Published: July 2021

O propósito deste trabalho é relatar uma experiência de extensão realizada em uma escola para adultos com deficiência intelectual, na cidade de Curitiba/PR. Entre 2014 e 2017 graduandos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), integrantes do grupo PET Odontologia, conduziram um projeto que realizou atividades de promoção e prevenção em saúde bucal, além de contar com ações de identificação e priorização para referência intramuros das necessidades de tratamento odontológico. Esse relato de experiência demonstra que as atividades de extensão atuam como um meio facilitador de acesso à saúde, além de contribuir para uma formação mais abrangente do futuro profissional.
Uma bússola para navegar pelo mar aberto e desafiante do ensino de Filosofia para adolescentes
Authors: Café Anderson Luis da Paixão
Published: July 2021

Trata-se da resenha bibliográfica do livro Lecionando Filosofia para adolescentes: práticas pedagógicas para o Ensino Médio, no qual o professor Renato Velloso colocou à disposição de seus colegas filósofos a sua experiência de mais de quinze anos enquanto professor da disciplina de Filosofia, lecionada para adolescentes e jovens de escolas públicas e privadas no país. A obra pode ser entendida como uma verdadeira bússola que permite aos professores e às professoras de Filosofia repensar sobre as suas práticas didáticas utilizadas para difundir conhecimentos filosóficos entre jovens e adolescentes. Através de uma linguagem clara, objetiva e direta, a obra disponibiliza um amplo conjunto de informações didáticas e metodológicas que contribui para ampliar o repertório educacional dos seus leitores, fazendo-os perceber o quanto a Filosofia pode ser pensada enquanto um porto seguro capaz de aliviar as dores e os sofrimentos humanos de adolescentes que estão ávidos por descobrirem-se e redescobrirem-se no mundo.
The metaphorical conceptualization of God in the Serbian language
Authors: Stevanović Katarina
Published: July 2021

The subject of this paper is a way of conceptualizing God in the Serbian language. The aim of the paper is to show and indicate the ways in which the meaning of the noun God is understood in the Serbian language, and which metaphors arise when it is described. It is shown which metaphorical expressions are and by which source domains the concretization occurs. The theoretical basis of the conducted research is the theory of conceptual metaphors, which is based on the cognitive-semantic approach. First, a theoretical review of conceptual metaphors is given, followed by an analysis of a corpus based on examples from literary works, daily newspapers, and dialect texts from the Kragujevac Lepenica area.
Analysis of the frequency of verbal and vocal signs in true and false statements
Authors: Baić Valentina , Ivanović Zvonimir , Veljković Milan
Published: July 2021

The paper presents research aimed at analysing the frequency of verbal and vocal signs in a situation of false and true statements, by introducing a secondary task. The research involved 100 students (47 men and 53 women) of the master's studies of criminal investigation at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, aged 23-44. Students had the task, based on the observation of twenty selected videos (10 true statements and 10 false statements), to mark the frequency of each individual verbal and vocal sign, on a previously generated and prepared list. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in terms of the frequency of all verbal and vocal signs in a false or true statement: response latency, speech hesitation, speech errors, speech rate, number of spoken words in the utterance, and length of utterance. Response latency, speech hesitation, and speech errors have higher median values in false utterances than in true ones, while speech rate, number of words spoken, and length of utterance show higher median values in true than false utterances.
Preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Jeremić Ana , Vuković Dragana , Subanović Srna , Broćić Jovana , Macanović Biljana
Published: July 2021

The application of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) began in the late 1980s. Pre-implantation genetic testing, as the earliest possible method of prenatal diagnosis, enables the selection of embryos with a normal karyotype for embryo transfer. The use of preimplantation genetic testing has proven to be a useful method in the following three groups of inherited diseases: monogenic disorders (single gene defects), trinucleotide repeat disorders, and chromosomal abnormalities. The success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has increased significantly since the introduction of PGT into clinical practice. This paper presents a literature review with the aim of clearly determining the role of PGT in embryo selection before embryo transfer, as well as the role of this type of testing in increasing the success rate of IVF. One of the goals of the paper is also to review the development of molecular genetic methods that are currently, or have once been, in routine use when performing PGT. The current literature is an indicator of the development and progress of molecular genetics techniques applied in PGT. At the same time, it provides an opportunity and an incentive for further extensive research that will lead to the improvement of preimplantation genetic testing and thus increase the success rate of in vitro fertilization.
SARS-Cov-2: Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and prevention: A review of current knowledge
Authors: Fišeković-Kremić Marina , Stojanović-Ristić Snežana
Published: July 2021

The SARS-Cov-2 disease appeared in December 2019, when the new coronavirus was confirmed to be the cause of the disease. The objective of this article is to summarize previous research on the epidemiological characteristics, etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention, and control of the new SARS-Cov-2 infection. The SARS-Cov-2 virus belongs to the group of betacoronaviruses, which are single-stranded RNA viruses. The envelope has a crucial role in the pathogenicity of the virus. A viral infection can cause an excessive immune response in the patient, which is labeled as a "cytokine storm," and whose effect is extensive tissue damage. Three main routes of the transmission of the virus are: droplets, direct contact, aerosol. The incubation period is considered to be 1-14 days. The clinical manifestation ranges from asymptomatic, mild, to severe, and some cases end in death. The main clinical manifestations include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Nasal congestion, a runny nose, a sore throat, headache, myalgia, diarrhea, loss of the sense of taste and/or smell have also been reported. The diagnostic procedures are the following: clinical manifestation, chest X-rays, biochemical analyses, epidemiological anamnesis. A positive nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab (Ag test, and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)) is used for etiological diagnosis. The SARS-Cov-2 infection has affected a large number of people and countries around the world. The application of preventive measures, early identification of infected persons, their isolation , and vaccination are currently the most effective mode in the battle against this virus. After the conclusion of the pandemic, it will be possible to estimate the health, social and economic impact of the virus.
Unmet dental health care needs in Serbia
Authors: Todorović Jovana , Popović Nataša , Piperac Pavle , Đurđević-Todorović Slavica , Terzić-Šupić Zorica
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was the analysis of the social and health status characteristics of the population with unmet dental health care needs. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 20,069 respondents from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) in the Republic of Serbia in 2014. Results: Nearly every sixth citizen (16.1%) reported unmet dental health care needs. Participants between the ages of 27 and 44 years (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.21 - 1.82), and between 45 and 64 years (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.19 - 1.86), participants who assessed their health status as: good (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.63 - 2.25), fair (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 2.64 - 3.77), bad (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 2.94 - 4.53), or very bad (OR: 4.22, 95% CI: 3.10 - 5.74), had a higher likelihood of reporting unmet dental health care needs. The most frequent reasons for unmet dental health care needs were financial obstacles to the accessibility of dental health care (66.6%) and fear or treatment (15.1%). Conclusion: The study found associations between unmet dental health care needs and social and health status characteristics. Health policy should adopt a multidimensional approach and eliminate barriers which restrict the accessibility of dental health care.
Nursing profession in the contemporary healthcare system and public health: New roles and challenges
Authors: Živanović Dejan , Javorac Jovan , Dimoski Zvonko , Šumonja Sanja
Published: July 2021

Given the general importance of caring for the health of the population, it is understood that the healthcare system is organizationally one of the most complex systems in a country, with elements that should provide physically, geographically, and economically accessible, integrated and quality healthcare. Historically, nursing as a profession has gone through several developmental stages, always trying to respond to professional challenges and follow modern trends and needs of society. By defining nursing as an integral and independent profession within the healthcare system, the modern nurse is faced with a number of professional, educational, and social challenges, especially in those countries where the nursing profession still has an inadequate social image, both in public and professional environment. The change of nurses professional role in reformed European and North American healthcare systems ̓ is particularly visible in primary health care and public health, where nurses have taken on one of the leading roles in the organization of the work process. With a unique professional focus that can be directed on the individual and family, or system and community, modern nursing as a healthcare profession is extremely well-positioned to respond to the need of modern society for the integration of health services and to make an active contribution to positive changes in the modern healthcare system, at the same time.
Alzheimers's disease: Epidemiological characteristics and its prevention
Authors: Grujičić Jovan , Nikolić Aleksandra
Published: July 2021

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease that is of immense public health interest. Worldwide, according to data from 2018, the approximated number of people living with Alzheimer's was at a minimum 50 million. In the United States, according to data from 2021, there were as many as 6.2 million people age 65 and over living with Alzheimer's. In the last 20 years, Alzheimer's disease is being recorded 145.2% more frequently as the cause of death, partially due to the cause of death being more accurately attributed, but mostly due to the growing frequency of Alzheimer's disease due to the aging of the population. Based on years of life lost(YLL), Alzheimer's disease was the fourth, according to years of life with disability (YLD) nineteenth and according to the sum indicator DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years) sixth leading cause of burden amongst diseases in the USA in 2016. The nonmodifiable risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease are age, genetics, and family history, while the modifiable risk factors are smoking, diabetes, midlife obesity, hypertension, prehypertension, high cholesterol, insufficient physical activity, unhealthy diet, shorter length of formal education, low level of mental stimulation at work, traumatic brain injury, poor sleep, alcohol abuse, and hearing impairment. It is estimated that by reducing the modifiable risk factors, 40% of cases of Alzheimer's dementia can be prevented or postponed. The biomarkers that can be used for early detection of this disease are betaamyloid protein that forms beta-amyloid plaques, abnormal tau protein accumulated inside neurons, the existence of brain inflammation and atrophy. While we wait for researchers to find a cure for this illness, it is important to raise awareness of available screening methods for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and prevention opportunities.
Reacciones de las universidades mexicanas frente al virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Niño Carrasco Shamaly Alhelí , Castellanos-Ramírez Juan Carlos , Bermúdez Vivas Rubén
Published: July 2021

La propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2 es una emergencia de escala mundial con grandes repercusiones en todos los sistemas educativos. Ante dicho escenario, las universidades han implementado diversas acciones para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia sobre la formación de sus estudiantes. El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar los mecanismos de respuesta implementados por 35 universidades mexicanas. Teniendo como referencia el método de teoría fundamentada, se analizaron los sitios Web oficiales de las universidades y, a partir de la naturaleza de los propios datos, se propusieron categorías conceptuales para caracterizar las acciones, estrategias y programas implementados ante la emergencia. Como parte de los resultados se identificaron 22 categorías conceptuales que se agruparon en cuatro rubros: i) medidas de preparación en una etapa temprana de la emergencia, ii) respuesta y apoyo para la implementación de la modalidad educativa en línea, iii) medidas para el cuidado y bienestar personal y iv) canales de comunicación dirigidos a la comunidad educativa. A partir de las fortalezas identificadas en las universidades se sugiere aprovechar la experiencia acumulada, especialmente los casos exitosos de tres universidades públicas, y pasar de la simple prescripción de pautas para la continuidad académica a la elaboración amplia de planes educativos para la emergencia.
Education laboratories in 'education for all' in Russia: from Lenin to Putin
Authors: Kalinnikova Magnusson Liya
Published: July 2021

Development of education for all is a symbolic nexus/chain of policy agenda reforms in education towards its accessibility for each societal member. In Russia, the formation of this agenda was rooted in strong Soviet ideological doctrine, based on egalitarian values and hegemony of proletarian humanism. Ideological response to the needs of industrialization in its primary policy agenda reforms, performed strong structural barriers to the basic right to education for children with disabilities in the public schooling system. The undertaken research appeals to the history of formation of education for all, dealing with social education legalization with two time frames: Soviet and Post-Soviet; methodology of the research has qualitative approach, aiming to make text analysis (as a primary source) of the main state policy documents, concerning social justice and equity, educational laws, governmental orders and other documents, regulating education for children with disabilities retrospectively and contemporary. Secondary data, such as statistics, case data, etc., were collected from the historic and current sources, such as peer reviewed publications, governmental statistics, state archives, etc. The research questions of the study are: what are the main features of the policy agenda for children with disabilities as a nexus of reforms of ‘education for all’ retrospectively and contemporary? What structural challenges occurred and what curriculum was created and implemented cross the time? What science perspective/s in special pedagogy emerged and transited? Research findings are combined in two big themes: Desired contours of the future and a state order for experimentation and Unfinished experimentation: disrupting the pattern. The themes are supported by the sub-themes. Both of the themes are discussed for the understanding of special education inputs in education for all.[1] The author
A Nationwide Survey on the Facilities and Personnel for Endoscopic Sedation: Results from 50 Qualified Endoscopy Units of Teaching Hospitals Accredited by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE)
Authors: Park Seon-Young , Lee Jun Kyu , Kim Jung-Wook , Lee Tae Hee , Park Chang-Hwan , Jang Jae-Yong , Kim Byung-Wook , Jang Byung Ik ,   the Quality management and Endoscopic sedation committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE)
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine the current status of facilities, equipment, and personnel for endoscopic sedation from endoscopy units of representative hospitals in South Korea.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 50 qualified endoscopy units accredited by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.Results: All included endoscopy units had regulations and educational programs regarding sedation training for endoscopists and nursing personnel. There present one assisting nurse during endoscopy in 35 units (70%) and at least two nurses in 12 units (24.0%). All endoscopy units had examination rooms equipped with oxygen supply and suction systems. Endoscopist-directed sedation was performed in 48 units (96.0%). Propofol-based sedation was the most used sedation method. All units had a separate recovery bay. The daily number of patients per bed was greater than 10 in 17 units (34.0%). In 26 (52.0%) units, a single nurse cared for ≥10 patients per day. All the units fulfilled the discharge criteria.Conclusions: This study presents data regarding endoscopic sedation clinical practice in 50 endoscopy units in South Korea. This study presents the current status of endoscopic sedation clinical practice in 50 qualified endoscopy units accredited by the KSGE, which provide excellent quality management.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AS A DETERMINANT OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL OPEN ECONOMIES
Authors: Božić Radomir
Published: July 2021

The modern age is characterized by strong development and application of information and communication tech- nologies (ICT) and Industry 4.0, which determine sig- nificant changes in the economy and society as a whole, and especially affect production and business processes, economic growth and development, productivity, busi- ness models, required qualifications and workers’ skills, the education system, as well as people’s daily lives. Thanks to that, developed countries are already achiev- ing significant effects in terms of efficiency, productiv- ity, flexibility, gross domestic product (GDP) and living standards growth, and there are opportunities for small open economies to create their own approaches to accel- erate growth and convergence with developed countries. Otherwise, the negative consequences known as digital sharing are also possible. The aim of this paper is to present, based on relevant lit- erature and experiences of individual countries, the po- tentials, challenges and possible responses of economic and business policy makers aimed at the application of ICT and Industry 4.0 in small open economies, such as the Western Balkans. The paper is structured as follows: Introductory remarks - elaboration of the theoretical basis, characteristics and implications of ICT and Industry 4.0 on the economy and society as a whole; Methodology - review of rel- evant current literature; Results - presentation of basic potentials, challenges and possible responses of small open economies in the function of accelerating econom- ic growth; and Discussion - concluding remarks and rec- ommendations for possible responses.
CONFLICT OF STRATEGIES – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND SUPPORT STRATEGIES OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Krunić Miroljub
Published: July 2021

Over the past twenty five years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has been experiencing, with more or less oscillations, low and stagnant economic growth. Planning and economic policy documents shaped the vision of rapid transition and successful economic growth, which was supposed to enable the sustainability of the economic system and its elements. The strategic commitment to integrate into the European Union system has not changed. It was confirmed by signing the Stabilization and Association Agreement in 2008. International financial institutions have even provided financial support to the economic programs in BiH and its entities to an extent greater than their capacity to use, but below the economic needs of the country as a whole. In these circumstances, the issue of a possible conflict between the economic development goals of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the objectives of financial support provided by the international community has been raised. Circumstances such as a long period of time, modest economic performance, lost opportunities and dangerous negative trends indicate the need to reconcile the conflicting strategies and interests of two parties - Bosnia and Herzegovina and the international community.
CREDIT POLICY OF BANKS IN THE FUNCTION OF DEVELOPING THE ECONOMY OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Bašić Dragana , Ćurić Predrag
Published: July 2021

The banking sector of Republika Srpska features a high level of legal and regulatory compliance, and can be defined as conservative banking with deposits as the main source of business and loans as their fundamental product. The availability of funds for lending under favourable conditions in the economy is the fundamental and most important function provided by the banking sector, even though its role is crucial in executing payment transactions as well as providing security in savings products. As per expectations, quantitative analysis shows a very high level of correlation between the changes in the volume of bank loans and the changes in the gross domestic product in Republika Srpska. On the one hand, the credit policy of banks represents an important basis for the development of enterprises and the economy, and for the business of banks, on the other. Banks obtain the highest revenues from the active interest rates, and through defining an adequate credit policy with respect to the conditions existing in the economic environment, they can make their operations more secure and profitable. By using the data from the survey questionnaire, we investigated the extent to which the credit policy of banks affects the financial stability and business operations of companies in Republika Srpska.
CEP78 functions downstream of CEP350 to control biogenesis of primary cilia by negatively regulating CP110 levels
Authors: Gonçalves André Brás , Hasselbalch Sarah Kirstine , Joensen Beinta Biskopstø , Patzke Sebastian , Martens Pernille , Ohlsen Signe Krogh , Quinodoz Mathieu , Nikopoulos Konstantinos , Suleiman Reem , Damsø Jeppesen Magnus Per , Weiss Catja , Christensen Søren Tvorup , Rivolta Carlo , Andersen Jens S , Farinelli Pietro , Pedersen Lotte Bang
Published: July 2021

CEP78 is a centrosomal protein implicated in ciliogenesis and ciliary length control, and mutations in the CEP78 gene cause retinal cone-rod dystrophy associated with hearing loss. However, the mechanism by which CEP78 affects cilia formation is unknown. Based on a recently discovered disease-causing CEP78 p.L150S mutation, we identified the disease-relevant interactome of CEP78. We confirmed that CEP78 interacts with the EDD1-DYRK2-DDB1VPRBP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is involved in CP110 ubiquitination and degradation, and identified a novel interaction between CEP78 and CEP350 that is weakened by the CEP78L150S mutation. We show that CEP350 promotes centrosomal recruitment and stability of CEP78, which in turn leads to centrosomal recruitment of EDD1. Consistently, cells lacking CEP78 display significantly increased cellular and centrosomal levels of CP110, and depletion of CP110 in CEP78-deficient cells restored ciliation frequency to normal. We propose that CEP78 functions downstream of CEP350 to promote ciliogenesis by negatively regulating CP110 levels via an EDD1-dependent mechanism.
Rapid spread of a densovirus in a major crop pest following wide-scale adoption of Bt-cotton in China
Authors: Xiao Yutao , Li Wenjing , Yang Xianming , Xu Pengjun , Jin Minghui , Yuan He , Zheng Weigang , Soberón Mario , Bravo Alejandra , Wilson Kenneth , Wu Kongming
Published: July 2021

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have been widely planted and the effects of Bt-crops on populations of the target and non-target insect pests have been well studied. However, the effects of Bt-crops exposure on microorganisms that interact with crop pests have not previously been quantified. Here, we use laboratory and field data to show that infection of Helicoverpa armigera with a densovirus (HaDV2) is associated with its enhanced growth and tolerance to Bt-cotton. Moreover, field monitoring showed a much higher incidence of cotton bollworm infection with HaDV2 in regions cultivated with Bt-cotton than in regions without it, with the rate of densovirus infection increasing with increasing use of Bt-cotton. RNA-seq suggested tolerance to both baculovirus and Cry1Ac were enhanced via the immune-related pathways. These findings suggest that exposure to Bt-crops has selected for beneficial interactions between the target pest and a mutualistic microorganism that enhances its performance on Bt-crops under field conditions.
Folding of cohesin’s coiled coil is important for Scc2/4-induced association with chromosomes
Authors: Petela Naomi J , Gonzalez Llamazares Andres , Dixon Sarah , Hu Bin , Lee Byung-Gil , Metson Jean , Seo Heekyo , Ferrer-Harding Antonio , Voulgaris Menelaos , Gligoris Thomas , Collier James , Oh Byung-Ha , Löwe Jan , Nasmyth Kim A
Published: July 2021

Cohesin’s association with and translocation along chromosomal DNAs depend on an ATP hydrolysis cycle driving the association and subsequent release of DNA. This involves DNA being ‘clamped’ by Scc2 and ATP-dependent engagement of cohesin’s Smc1 and Smc3 head domains. Scc2’s replacement by Pds5 abrogates cohesin’s ATPase and has an important role in halting DNA loop extrusion. The ATPase domains of all SMC proteins are separated from their hinge dimerisation domains by 50-nm-long coiled coils, which have been observed to zip up along their entire length and fold around an elbow, thereby greatly shortening the distance between hinges and ATPase heads. Whether folding exists in vivo or has any physiological importance is not known. We present here a cryo-EM structure of the apo form of cohesin that reveals the structure of folded and zipped-up coils in unprecedented detail and shows that Scc2 can associate with Smc1’s ATPase head even when it is fully disengaged from that of Smc3. Using cysteine-specific crosslinking, we show that cohesin’s coiled coils are frequently folded in vivo, including when cohesin holds sister chromatids together. Moreover, we describe a mutation (SMC1D588Y) within Smc1’s hinge that alters how Scc2 and Pds5 interact with Smc1’s hinge and that enables Scc2 to support loading in the absence of its normal partner Scc4. The mutant phenotype of loading without Scc4 is only explicable if loading depends on an association between Scc2/4 and cohesin’s hinge, which in turn requires coiled coil folding.
The secret life of memory receptors
Authors: Wong Hovy Ho-Wai , Camiré Olivier , Sjöström P Jesper
Published: July 2021

The canonical hippocampal NMDA memory receptor also controls the release of the transmitter glutamate and the growth factor BDNF.