bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Surface Broadband Shortwave Radiation Budget during the 2017 Eclipse
Authors: Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Tsay Si-Chee , Herman Jay , Jeong Ukkyo , Abuhassan Nader , Swap Robert , Wu Dong
Published: January 2020

Abstract. While solar eclipses are known to greatly diminish the visible radiation reaching the surface of the Earth, less is known about the magnitude of the impact. We explore both the observed and modelled level of change in surface radiation during the eclipse of 2017. We deployed a pyranometer and Pandora spectrometer instrument to Casper, Wyoming and Columbia, Missouri to measure surface broadband shortwave (SW) flux and atmospheric properties during the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse event. We performed detailed radiative transfer simulations to understand the role of clouds in spectral and broadband solar radiation transfer in the Earth’s atmosphere for the normal (non-eclipse) spectrum and red-shift solar spectra for eclipse conditions. The theoretical calculations showed that the non-eclipse-to-eclipse surface flux ratio depends strongly on the obscuration of solar disk and slightly on cloud optical depth. These findings allowed us to estimate what the surface broadband SW flux would be for non-eclipse conditions from observations during the eclipse and further to quantify the impact of the eclipse on the surface broadband SW radiation budget. We found that the eclipse caused local reductions of time-averaged surface flux of about 379 W m−2 (50 %) and 329 W m−2 (46 %) during the ∼3 hours course of the eclipse at the Casper and Columbia sites, respectively. We estimated that the Moon’s shadow caused a reduction of approximately 7–8 % in global average surface broadband SW radiation. The eclipse has a smaller impact on surface flux reduction for cloudy conditions than a clear atmosphere; the impact decreases with the increase of cloud optical depth. However, the relative time-averaged reduction of local surface SW flux during a solar eclipse is approximately 45 % and it is not sensitive to cloud optical depth. The reduction of global average SW flux relative to climatology is proportional to the non-eclipse and eclipse flux difference in the penumbra area and depends on cloud optical depth in the Moon’s shadow and geolocation due to the change of solar zenith angle. We also discuss the influence of cloud inhomogeneity on the observed SW flux. Our results not only quantify the reduction of the surface solar radiation budget but also advance the understanding of broadband SW radiative transfer under solar eclipse conditions.
Estimation of the westward auroral electrojet current using sparse magnetometer chain data
Authors: Evdokimova Marina A. , Petrukovich Anatoli A.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We investigate 1-D models of the westward substorm electrojet using magnetic field observations along a meridian chain of stations. We review two respective linear models from Kotikov et al. (1987) and Popov et al. (2001) with a large number of elementary currents at fixed positions. These models can be applied to a magnetometer chain with many magnetic stations. A new nonlinear method with one current element is designed for cases with a small number of stations. We illustrate the performance of these methods using data from the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) and Yamal Peninsula stations. Several corrective measures are
proposed to account for unphysical solutions or local extrema from the optimized functions. We also advertise a generic maximum
likelihood approach to a problem that is feasible for any empiric model.
Global flood hazard map and exposed GDP comparison: a China case study
Authors: Aerts Jerom P. M. , Uhlemann-Elmer Steffi , Eilander Dirk , Ward Philip J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazard events in the world. In 2016, economic losses from flooding amounted to $56 bn globally, of which $20 bn occurred in China (Munich Re, 2017). National or regional scale mapping of flood hazard is at present providing an inconsistent and incomplete picture of floods. Over the past decade global flood hazard models have been developed and continuously improved. There is now a significant demand for testing of the global hazard maps generated by these models in order to understand their applicability for international risk reduction strategies and for reinsurance portfolio risk assessments using catastrophe models. We expand on existing methods for comparing global hazard maps and analyse 8 global flood models (GFMs) that represent the current state of the global flood modelling community. We apply our comparison to China as a case study and, for the first time, we include industry models, pluvial flooding, and flood protection standards in the analysis. We find substantial variability between the flood hazard maps in modelled inundated area and exposed GDP across multiple return periods (ranging from 5 to 1500 years) and in expected annual exposed GDP. For example, for the 100 year return period undefended (assuming no flood protection) hazard maps the percentage of total affected GDP of China ranges between 4.4 % and 10.5 % for fluvial floods. For the majority of the GFMs we see only a small increase in inundated area or exposed GDP for high return period undefended hazard maps compared to low return periods, highlighting major limitations in the models’ resolution and their output. The inclusion of industry models which currently model flooding at higher spatial resolution, and which additionally include pluvial flooding, strongly improves the comparison and provides important new benchmarks. Pluvial flooding can increase the expected annual exposed GDP by as much as 1.3 % points. Our study strongly highlights the importance of flood defenses for a realistic risk assessment in countries like China that are characterized by high concentrations of exposure. Even an incomplete (1.74 % of area of China) but locally detailed layer of structural defenses in high exposure areas reduces the expected annual exposed GDP to fluvial and pluvial flooding from 4.1 % to 2.8 %.
Lateral meltwater transfer across an Antarctic ice shelf
Authors: Dell Rebecca , Arnold Neil , Willis Ian , Banwell Alison , Williamson Andrew , Pritchard Hamish
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Surface meltwater on ice shelves can be stored as slush, in melt ponds, in surface streams and rivers, and may also fill crevasses. The collapse of the Larsen B Ice Shelf in 2002 has been attributed to the sudden drainage of ~ 3000 surface lakes, and has highlighted the potential for surface water to cause ice shelf instability. Surface meltwater systems have been identified across numerous Antarctic ice shelves, however, the extent to which these systems impact ice shelf instability is poorly constrained. To better understand the role of surface meltwater systems on ice shelves, it is important to track their seasonal development, monitoring the fluctuations in surface water volume and the transfer of water across the ice shelf. Here, we use Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery to track surface meltwater across the Nivlisen Ice Shelf in the 2016–2017 melt season. Using the Fully Automated Supraglacial-Water Tracking algorithm for Ice Shelves (FASTISh), we identify and track the development of 1598 water bodies. The total volume of surface meltwater peaks on 26th January 2017 at 5.5 × 107 m3. 63 % of this total volume is held within two large linear surface meltwater systems, which are orientated along the ice shelves north-south axis and appear to migrate away from the grounding line during the melt season, facilitating large scale lateral water transfer towards the ice shelf front. This transfer is facilitated by two large surface streams, which encompass smaller water bodies and follow the surface slope of the ice shelf.
Annual and interannual variability and trends of albedo for Icelandic glaciers
Authors: Gunnarsson Andri , Gardarsson Sigurdur M. , Pálsson Finnur , Jóhannesson Tómas , Sveinsson Óli G. B.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. During the melt season, absorbed solar energy, modulated at the surface predominantly by albedo, is the governing factor controlling surface-melt variability for glaciers in Iceland. Using MODIS satellite-derived daily surface albedo, a gap-filled temporally continuous albedo product is derived for the melt season (MJJA) for the period 2000–2019. The albedo data are thoroughly validated against available in-situ observations from 20 glacier automatic weather stations for the period 2000–2018. The results show that spatio-temporal patterns for the melt season have generally high annual and inter-annual variability for Icelandic glaciers, ranging from high fresh-snow albedo of about 85–90 % in spring, decreasing to 5–10 % in the impurity-rich bare-ice area during peak melt season. The analysis shows that the volcanic eruptions in 2010 and 2011 had significant impact on albedo and also had a residual effect in the following years. Furthermore, airborne dust, from unstable sandy surfaces close to the glaciers, is shown to enhance radiative forcing and decrease albedo. A significant positive albedo trend is observed for northern Vatnajökull while other glaciers have non-significant trends for the study period. The results indicate that the high variability in albedo for Icelandic glaciers is driven by climatology, i.e. snow metamorphosis; tephra fall-out during volcanic eruptions and their residual effects in the post-eruption years; and dust loading from widespread unstable sandy surfaces outside the glaciers. This illustrates the challenges in albedo parametrization for glacier surface-melt modelling for Icelandic glaciers as albedo development is driven by various complex phenomena, which may not be correctly captured in conventional energy-balance models.
A mass conserving formalism for ice sheet, solid Earth and sea level interaction
Authors: Adhikari Surendra , Ivins Erik R. , Larour Eric , Caron Lambert , Seroussi Helene
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Polar ice sheets are important components of any Earth System model. As the domains of land, ocean, and ice sheet change, they must be consistently defined within the lexicon of geodesy. Understanding the interplay between the processes such as ice sheet dynamics, solid Earth deformation, and sea level adjustment requires both consistent and mass conserving descriptions of evolving land and ocean domains, grounded and floating ice masks, coastlines and grounding lines, and bedrock and geoid height as viewed from space. Here we present a geometric description of an evolving ice sheet margin and its relations to sea level change, the position and loading of the solid Earth and include the ice shelves and adjacent ocean mass. We generalize the formulation so that it is applied to arbitrarily distributed ice, bedrock and adjacent ocean, and their interactive evolution. The formalism simplifies computational strategies that seek to conserve mass in Earth System models.
‘Islamophobia Kills’. But Where Does it Come From?
Authors: Poynting Scott
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the global provenance of Australian Islamophobia in the light of the Christchurch massacre perpetrated by a white-supremacist Australian. Anti-Muslim racism in Australia came with British imperialism in the nineteenth century. Contemporary Islamophobia in Australia operates as part of a successor empire, the United States-led ‘Empire of Capital’. Anti-Muslim stories, rumours, campaigns and prejudices are launched from Australia into global circulation. For example, the spate of group sexual assaults in Sydney over 2000–2001 were internationally reported as ‘ethnic gang rapes’. The handful of Australian recruits to, and supporters of, IS, is recounted in the dominant narrative as part of a story propagated in both the United Kingdom and Australia about Islamist terrorism, along with policy responses ostensibly aimed at countering violent extremism and targeting Muslims for surveillance and intervening to effect approved forms of ‘integration’.
“We only have 12 years”: YouTube and the IPCC report on global warming of 1.5ºC
Authors: Bounegru Liliana , De Pryck Kari , Venturini Tommaso , Mauri Michele
Published: January 2020

This article contributes to the study of climate debates online by examining how the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR15) played out on YouTube following its release in October 2018. We examined features of 40 videos that ranked the highest in YouTube’s search engine over the course of four weeks after the publication of the report. Additionally, this study examines the shifting visibility of the videos, the nature of the channels that published them and the way in which they articulated the issue of climate change. We found that media activity around SR15 was animated by a mix of professional and user-led channels, with the former enjoying higher and more stable visibility in YouTube ranking. We identified four main recurrent themes: disaster and impacts, policy options and solutions, political and ideological struggles around climate change and contested science. The discussion of policy options and solutions was particularly prominent. Critiques of the SR15 report took different forms: as well as denialist videos which downplayed the severity of climate change, there were also several clips which criticized the report for underestimating the extent of warming or overestimating the feasibility of proposed policies.
PSNIRA vs. peaceful protesters? YouTube, sousveillance and the policing of the union flag protests
Authors: Reilly Paul J.
Published: January 2020

The decision to change the flag protocol at Belfast City Hall prompted a campaign of loyalist flag protests across Northern Ireland between December 2012 and March 2013. Although most passed off without incident, a small number ended in violent clashes between loyalists and the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). Activists uploaded footage to YouTube purporting to show ‘heavy-handed’ policing during these incidents. This paper uses a thematic analysis to examine 1,586 comments left by those who viewed 36 ‘sousveillance’ videos. Results indicate that these conformed to and reinforced competing narratives on policing within the deeply divided society. Those who perceived the ‘PSNIRA’ as being complicit in Sinn Fein’s ‘culture war’ against loyalists were likely to believe the claims of the protesters, even in the absence of corroborative evidence in these videos. The same was true for critics of the protests watching footage of loyalists threatening PSNI officers.
Assessing the cognitive and communicative properties of Facebook Reactions and Likes as lightweight feedback cues
Authors: Sumner Erin M. , Hayes Rebecca A. , Carr Caleb T. , Wohn Donghee Yvette
Published: January 2020

The emergence of Facebook Reactions provides new opportunities to explore the nature of paralinguistic digital affordances (PDAs; lightweight one-click social media response cues). Guided by adaptive structuration theory and the concept of cognitive automaticity, a survey of 255 individuals aged 18–24 assessed the cognitive processes and communicative meanings associated with the provision of Facebook Reactions and Likes. Although Like and Reaction cues (excluding Angry) were all identified as more literal in meaning than not, specific results indicated: (a) Likes were perceived more faithfully than Reactions; (b) the Like and Love cues were labeled as the most faithful; and (c) Reactions were perceived as more deliberate and less automatic communicative behaviors than Likes. Collective results suggest social media platforms that offer multiple one-click response cues (e.g., Facebook) can afford different communicative opportunities than platforms with a single PDA response option, presenting challenges for future cross-platform research addressing lightweight response cues.
Bridging Sustainability and Food Security Ideas Towards Building Sustainable Food Systems
Authors: Oloko Majing
Published: January 2020

Having stable access to nutritious and culturally preferred food to maintain health and well-being is still a challenge for many people across the globe. Food insecurity and environmental degradation is rising across the world with interrelated drivers. There has been increasing advocacy for the creation of sustainable food systems to support food and nutritional security without degrading the environment. Bridging sustainability and food security ideas is a step towards building such food systems. However, how to apply ideas of sustainability and food security into building sustainable food systems remains a challenge, given the connection between the two concepts is not well appreciated. I introduce a sustainability and food security assessment framework as a first step for bridging sustainability and food security concepts, towards building sustainable food systems.
The Counterpoints of Glenn Gould and Edward Said
Authors: Bartine David
Published: January 2020

Two of Edward Said's several writings about pianist and writer Glenn Gould are titled “Glenn Gould, the Virtuoso as Intellectual” and “The Music Itself: Glenn Gould's Contrapuntal Vision.” In Musical Elaborations, Said refers to the need for new attempts “to devise modes of articulating musical activity” in relation to “the social and cultural setting.” Gould's work offered Said what he recognized to be productive efforts—particularly Gould's explorations of “counterpoint”—toward that end. During a major phase of Said's work in which he explored “counterpoint” for “a different kind of reading and interpretation” that might support progressive social and cultural change, he pursued a course seemingly compatible with a theme of “intellectual liberation and critique” he located in Gould's and his own work. In this article, I discuss Gould's work as influencing a major concern of Said's efforts between 1984 and 1993. However, I argue that in the performances and writings of Gould were signs of a skepticism about “humanism” that would have included Said's reform of “humanism in the name of humanism” and the future society either “humanism” imagined, signs that foreshadowed Said's eventual reconsiderations of “contrapuntal reading and interpretation” and the society to which they might contribute.
Developing an Ecofeminist Literary Criticism Model to Cultivate An Ecologically Aware and Feminist Generation
Authors: Wiyatmi Wiyatmi , Suryaman Maman , Swatikasari Esti
Published: January 2020

This study is aimed at developing an ecofeminist literary criticism in order to instigate a generation that is ecologically aware and feminist. The study is based on research and development using five universities in Yogyakarta and Surakarta that run Indonesian literature study programs. Research findings show that in the learning processes of the literary criticism course, ecofeminist perspectives are seen as a new viewpoint and they have not been well discussed in class. No course book is available that is specifically designed to present the conceptual framework of ecofeminism in literature. From observation of the curriculum in the five universities, we found that literary criticism, literary sociology, and literature research are possible venues through which literary criticism can be brought up in relation to environmental and feminist issues. However, ecofeminist literary criticism has not been specifically investigated and applied. Hence there is a need to develop a model of literary criticism based on an ecofeminist standpoint. The model has been designed and validated by content experts who are proficient in the conceptual framework of ecofeminist literary theory and criticism. We agree on the importance of developing an ecofeminist literary criticism model with lesson plans and content materials. The content materials have the following characteristics: (a) a conceptual framework of literary criticism based on ecology and feminism; (b) a literary criticism model for novels using ecofeminism perspectives; (c) a course book expected to be used as a material supplement for literary criticism and literature research, which up to the present has not specifically studied the relationship between literary works (novels) and ecological and feminist issues.
Educación, género y división del trabajo. Articulaciones en el marco de las “políticas de igualdad de oportunidades” en Argentina (1991-1994)
Authors: Alvarez Matías , Minardo Florencia
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de incentivos denominado “Estado, políticas públicas y desigualdades sexogenéricas. Configuraciones en la Argentina contemporánea (1983-2019)”, el cual pretende dar cuenta de las formas de intervención estatal implicadas en la reproducción/ transformación de estas desigualdades y su relación con los procesos sociales y culturales más amplios. Uno de los objetivos de este proyecto es el análisis de las políticas de género que se han institucionalizado progresivamente desde el retorno a la democracia, y las tensiones a las que han dado lugar. Aquí nos detendremos particularmente en el trabajo como una dimensión de la desigualdad de género identificada como central en estas iniciativas políticas, y el recurso a la educación y las políticas educativas, como instrumentos transformar esta dimensión de la desigualdad. A tal efecto, buscaremos identificar cómo la división sexual del trabajo ha sido colocada como un vector central de intervención social en distintos programas e iniciativas desplegadas por los organismos para la mujer, especialmente durante la primera gestión del Consejo Nacional de la Mujer. Luego, intentaremos mostrar las respuestas educativas al problema de la división sexual del trabajo desarrolladas por el Consejo en el mismo período en un contexto de reformas educativas.
El cuerpo puesto al debate: bosquejo sobre el establecimiento de las problemáticas trans en el contexto chileno
Authors: Jaque Paéz Carlos
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo refiere sobre la introducción de las llamadas “problemáticas trans” (aquellas que conciernen de manera general a identidades travesti, transgénero y transexuales) en el ámbito del debate público en el contexto chileno. Bajo esta premisa, se realiza primero un recorrido por distintas figuras identitarias trans en el desarrollo histórico occidental del último siglo, para posteriormente observar su inmersión en el contexto local. Para ello se observa el abordaje realizado a propósito de las problemáticas trans en distintos tópicos, en particular a través del trato dado por los medios de comunicación, la preocupación desde el análisis de Derechos Humanos, el trabajo comunitario y legislativo realizado por organizaciones sociales, y la paulatina importancia que han cobrado dichas problemáticas en los estudios académicos. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la relevancia del cuerpo puesto al debate público, permitida gracias a la introducción de las problemáticas trans.
Escuelas Superiores de Ciencias Aplicadas: Un primer caso de estudio
Authors: Christoph Rainer , Hernández Ángel , Muñoz Romeo , Ventura Jonathan , Büscher Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

La investigación aplicada multidisciplinaria, combinada con enfoques educativos modernos representan una potente herramienta para buscar y desarrollar soluciones a la medida que mejoran las condiciones de vida de amplios sectores de la población de Centro América, aportando también a reducir la necesidad de tener que migrar.En este estudio se combinaron modernas metodologías de investigación aplicada, i.e. las Nanotecnologías, con un enfoque de educación multidisciplinario y orientado en la solución de problemas, i.e. la metodología STEM, para buscar soluciones innovadoras y sostenibles para necesidades básicas como agua, seguridad alimentaria, refrigeración y reducción de la violencia escolar.Basado en los alentadores resultados obtenidos, proponemos la creación de una red Centroamericana de Escuelas Superiores de Investigación Aplicada, dedicadas a desarrollar soluciones innovadoras, basadas en materiales y recursos locales disponibles, para resolver necesidades básicas y específicas de las poblaciones de cada región.
Editorial
Authors: Lozano Jenny Lisbeth
Published: January 2020

La revista Realidad y Reflexión llega a su número 50 fortaleciendo su labor de difusión de la ciencia, con su indexación en las prestigiosas bases de datos Red Latinoamericana de Revistas Académicas en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (LatinRev) y DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals).
Lease Accounting: Back into the Past—A General Review of Different Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Sorrentino Marco , Smarra Margherita , Farina Briamonte Massimiliano
Published: January 2020

Purpose – For better mapping the path of lease accounting research, the purpose of this paper is to offer a general review of the existing different ways accounting literature has framed leasing operations in the book-keeping model and, especially, in the accounting equation.

Design/methodology/approach – The literature reviewed consists of all the studies published in accounting academic journals available in the database ‘Business Source Premier’ from 1950 to July 2016 and presenting the word ‘lease’ or ‘leasing’ in the title, and the term ‘accounting’ in the main text.

Findings – The research has proved that while there is an overall agreement that, for accounting purposes, leasing has to be considered in the wider category of executory contracts, three main different theoretical approaches can be distinguished in literature: (i) the property right view; (ii) the firm commitment approach; and (iii) the risk and rewards approach.

Originality/value – In order to fill the gap found in the literature and the non-existence of a study clarifying the main positions concerning the theoretical interpretation and the consequent accounting recognition of leasing in its predominantly financial and trilateral configuration, this paper makes an original contribution to the lease accounting research: providing a first organic reconstruction of the main academic studies dealing with this specific issue.
The Role of Customer Engagement and Relationship Quality toward E-Customer Loyalty in the Jordanian Online Environment
Authors: Nawaf Al-Nsour Sana’a
Published: January 2020

The digital world now is more dominant, and the customer shifts to online engagement and online practices. This paper aimed to develop a new framework to illustrate the impact of electronic customer engagement on relationship quality and e- customer loyalty in the online environment in Jordan. This study through reviewing the literature, extracted three dimensions of customer engagement; cognitive, affective and normative engagement. In addition to relationship quality and its mediating impact on customer loyalty.460 questioners were distributed to university student who confirmed following or liking at least one brand community on Facebook, (PLS-SEM)was used to analyze the data collected and the result showed that there is a significant impact of e-customer engagement on relationship quality and customer loyalty.in addition, relationship quality had partial mediation relation between customer engagement and e-customer loyalty.
Challenges that Confront the Human Development in Jordan and Means of Limiting Them
Authors: Abu Shari’ah Hamzeh Ismail Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

The study aims at recognizing the human development as a worldly phenomenon and its challenges on the human development, especially in Jordan, being the most important and powerful resources to confront the challenges, meanwhile the study problematic had circulated in an axial question meaning what are the challenges that confront the human development and how to surmount them, and make barrier against achieving objectives of the state through the qualified human resources, reaching the welfare of the community and make happy its individuals? To answer the question of study and achieve its objectives. The study had employed the analytical descriptive method, and the study came asserting the correctness of this hypothesis. The study had made us deduce many deductions the most important of them is that the human development concentrates on achieving the economic development, not only to pure economic objectives, but another political, social, and environmental and at a truthful link with objectives of security and settlement. And the study obliged many deductions, the most important of which is laying a comprehensive strategy for the economic, social, and political development in Jordan.
William Faulkner: At the Intersection of Styles and Poetics
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: January 2020

The article contextualizes William Faulkner’s fi ction in reference to the major twentieth-century tendencies in literary interpretation. Faulkner’s work is characterized by the
presence of a series of inherent contradictions: between form and content, puritanism
and Nietzschean nihilism, literary achievement and public recognition. This accounts for
a variety of interpretative possibilities: Faulkner’s fi ction can be read in different generic
contexts, e.g. the Victorian convention of the novel, modernism and postmodernism,
as well as through the lenses of a spectrum of theories, including post-colonial studies
and Marxism.
Fatality and Identity: Milosz Reads Faulkner
Authors: Stefańczyk Karol
Published: January 2020

The article highlights the infl uence of William Faulkner’s on Czeslaw Milosz’s writing.
The starting point in such an investigation is Milosz’s article written for a Polish journal,
while the poet stayed in United States shortly after the Second World War. Titled simply
„Faulkner”, it underlines those crucial features of Faulkner’s prose which Milosz himself
found symptomatic and inspiring. Two works by Milosz appear to have been particularly
infl uenced by Faulkner’s novels: The Issa Valley (Dolina Issy) and Native Realm (Rodzinna
Europa). Both focus on the search for identity and the tragic fatality which leads characters onto the brink of madness.
(Re-)Creating Order: Narrativity and Implied World Views in Pictures
Authors: Ranta Michael
Published: January 2020

The philosophical debate on the nature of narrative has been mainly concerned with literary narratives, whereas forms of non-literary and especially pictorial narrativity have been rather neglected. Within traditional art history, however, the narrative potential of the visual arts has usually been taken for granted, though rarely by attempting to elucidate any deeper cognitive, semiotic, and philosophical aspects involved. Now, generally speaking, narratives contribute to the human endeavour to reduce the unpredictability of worldly changes, and human existence in particular, attempting to establish order in our experiences of transitoriness and existential vulnerability. The paper discusses some possible criteria of narrativity with regard to their applicability to pictorial objects. It demonstrates thatpictorial works may express or imply high- -level narrative structures or, put in another way, wider world views or schemata, and that our comprehension of and need for these schemata can be explained by taking recent research within cognitive psychology, schema theory, and narratology into account.
A Reading of Marlene Streeruwitz’s New York. New York
Authors: Borgert Udo , Bandhauer Andrea
Published: January 2020

The paper examines Marlene Streeruwitz’s fi rst play New York. New York. Which,
after its fi rst staging in Munich in 1993, caused a controversy because of the provocative treatment of the subject and the use of deconstructive strategies. The analysis
undertaken here focuses on both these aspects. Streeruwitz’s play is a mixture of tragedy,
comedy and farce, a collage of highly choreographed everyday and surreal scenes, quotations and fi lmic and acoustic elements that highlight the trans-historical continuation
of the exploitative patterns inherent in social structures, in which men possess all power.
The play is set in an underground men’s toilet, albeit occasionally used by women,
at the „Burgstrasse” station in Vienna – a location where the veneer of bourgeois respectability conceals the repeated acts of victimization, exploitation, brutality, abuse, duplicity
and indifference. This is a distinctly Austrian Hades, and yet, in Streeruwitz’s bleak diagnosis, the behavioral patterns do not just relate to contemporary Austria but to western
civilization in general.
Postdramatic and (anti?)Feminist Dramaturgy. On Elfriede Jelinek’s Princess Plays
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: January 2020

The article considers the plays of Elfriede Jelinek in a broad context of postmodern critical discourses, the postdramatic turn and the Austrian drama tradition in the 20th and 21th centuries. The controversy over Jelinek’s work in Austrian culture is a key element in her artistic strategy targeted at the political correctness of modern societies, ideological opressions and the dead end of avant-garde metadrama. A historical nad theoretical discussion is followed by an interpretation of Jelinek’s dramatic cycle Princess Plays.
Dispelling the Charm of Fairy tales in Elfriede Jelinek’s Miniature Plays
Authors: Zatora Anna
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes Elfriede Jelinek’s Snow White and Sleeping Beauty as reinterpretations of classic fairytales. Weronika Kosecka’s conception of the postmodern fairytale
is referred to so as to illuminate Jelinek’s engagement with the issues of gender and
the body in the texts under discussion.
The Hero as Author, the Author as Hero: Jacek Hugo Bader’s Game
of Authorship
Authors: Buława Marta
Published: January 2020

Although the conventions of the reportage limit the author’s role in the text, Jacek
Hugo Bader, in Biała gorączka and Dzienniki kołymskie, expands the authorial domain
in a non fi ction account. Bader continually oscillates between the role of a hero and
of the author, striving to create an illusion of the simultaneity of the events and the processes of writing and reading. To this purpose, he uses a variety of techniques, including
the attempts to erase the narrator. As a result, the very authorship of his texts becomes
questionable
Paradox or Schizophrenia: The Problem of the Author in Literature
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on the debate on the conception of the author over the past
century that has resulted in a series of attempts to undermine the position of the author
and even remove this category from theoretical considerations (the idea of the death
of the author). It points to a schizophrenic gap between critical theory and reading
practice in which the author remains indispensable for interpretation. The theories that
aim to exclude the author are based on certain paradoxes, such as regressus as infi -
tivum when a text is treated as a combination of quotes or creatio ex nihilo when the
author is completely erased. The second part of the article offers an analysis of Witkacy’s
Gyuabal Wahazar with a view to showing the ways in which the authorial subject is constituted and bound to the author’s existence. It emphasizes the concomitant indispensability and indeterminacy of the subject.
Plagiarism, Mystifi cation, Parody, Pseudonym.
The Ways of „Concealing the Author” in the Interwar Period
– An Overview
Authors: Sobczak Paweł
Published: January 2020

The article concentrates on the strategies of hiding the authorship of a literary text
in the interwar period. Many writers were interested in textual games and experiments that
did not allow readers to identify the author right away. The strategies under discussion
include: plagiarism (conscious and concealed appropriating another person’s work),
mystifi cation (signing a text with another person’s surname), parody (imitating the style
of another author) and pseudonym (signing a text with a name different from one’s own).
The examples have been taken from selected works by Wacław Sieroszewski, Wincenty
Rzymowski, Stefan Krzywoszewski, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Jan Emil Skiwski, Ferdynand
Goetel, Julian Tuwim, Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński and others.
From Pseudonymity to the Death of the Author: Some Remarks on Kierkegaard’s Authorial Strategies
Authors: Kaftański Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes Kierkegaard’s authorial strategies of polynomity and pseudonymity, and the multifarious construction of the veronymous texts, in the context of his varied textual production. It argues that the proliferation of authorial voices, but also the revocation of the authorial voice and complex editing process, redefi ne the relationship between the author and the reader. These authorial tactics and measures aim at changing the reader’s scope from reading texts as related to a particular author, and to directing the reader from the author towards the text. Considering Kierkegaard as the primary reader of his own texts, the article examines his pseudonymous „Does a Human Being Have the Right to Let Himself Be Put to Death for the Truth?” as an example of a radical split-up between Kierkegaard qua reader and qua author, undertaken by putting the fi ctional author of that work to death.
Szlengel in Krasiński Garden
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to Władysław Szlengel, the most outstanding Polish-language poet in the Warsaw Ghetto. It focuses on the poet’s ghetto writings, death and literary legend. The interpretive framework for Szlengel’s poetry is derived from two contemporary poems: Czesław Miłosz’s Campo do Fiori and Piotr Mitzner’s Park Krasińskich (Krasiński Garden).
Büchner’s Spirit: Some Digressions on an Oblique Quotation from Rilke
Authors: Zieliński Jan
Published: January 2020

In one of his essays, Piotr Mitzner reminds us that life, or being, according to Rilke, is supposed to be a theatre. This statement encourages a variety of digressions that pertain to a poem by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, and another by Aleksander Wat, an essay about aging by Ryszard Przybylski including a recollection of the last visit that Wat’s wife paid Iwaszkiewicz; another quote from Rilke in Ronald Harwood’s Quartet with entails references to Rilke and Jens Peter Jacobsen, Jacobsen and Iwaszkiewicz, Rilke’s English translator Karl Werner Maurer and his translation of The Death and the Ploughman by Johannes von Tepl; Rilke’s letter to the Princess Marie von Thun und Taxis-Hohenlohe about Büchner; an October 1st, 1956 entry in Iwaszkiewicz’s journal, written in Zurich, with an evocation of Paul Fenneberg, with remarks on an unfi nished Iwaszkiewicz’s short story On the balcony, about his meetings with Emil Młynarski, Grzegorz Fitelberg and Karol Szymanowski; another oblique quotation from Rilke in another Wat’s poem with comments on Rilke and Ibsen, Ibsen and Nietzsche, Leopold Staff and Rilke; fi nally, Luise Büchner’s poem on the bells in Zurich and on the grave of her brother – to name only a few.
Black humour in Polish fiction after 1989
Authors: Bocheński Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The article examines the differences between black humour in the work of André Breton and the reinterpretation of this category in contemporary Polish literature.
For Breton, the aesthetic of black humour was a blasphemous gesture against the mediocrity of culture and society, against a sentimental approach to life and death. By contrast,
recent conteptualizations of black humour are often linked with the carnivalesque and
ironic aspects of culture, which are interpreted as a sign of forgetting about the nonsense
of existence and death. The literary works by authors like Manuela Gretkowska, Krzysztof
Varga and Ignacy Karpowicz only confi rm these observations. The article is also concerned with the writings by Zbigniew Kruszyński, Wiesław Myśliwski and Magdalena Tulli,
whose uses of black humour signify resistance against trivialization of eschatological
issues.
Kierkegaard's existentialism in dramas
Sartre. Dialogue of philosophy and theater
Authors: Włoczewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

A 19th century Danish philosopher and writer Søren Kierkegaard was considered
by his contemporaries as an eccentric. The existentialism he created was in a total opposition to the leading systems of Hegel and Kant, as it accentuated the self, its individual
quest of absolute, its fears, hopes and diffi cult relations with the Other. But he inspired
the most important thinkers and writers of the next century, and his successors are Husserl, Jaspers, Heidegger, Marcel and Sartre. They inherited the key notions of Danish
existentialism and developed their meanings. Sartre and Marcel applied, both in philosophical essays and in literature, such notions as freedom, authenticity, bad faith, choice,
action. Kierkegaard, who also illustrated his thought in writings, called such a method
indirect. His Either/Or (1843) and A Literary Review: Two ages, a novel by the author
of A story of everyday life (1845) show a man looking for the sense of his life. Just like
Orestes, hero of Sartre’a play The Flies.
The bicentennial anniversary of Kierkegaard’s birth gives an excellent opportunity to refocus on his writings and his infl uence on the veneered authors of our times.
The present article tries to compare the notions of consciousness, freedom, choice and
judgment of religion in Kierkegaard’s and Sartre’s texts, both philosophical and fi ction.
Translation and the emigrant experience. A case study
Authors: Jarniewicz Jerzy
Published: January 2020

The article offers a discussion of the bilingual collection of poems by Wioletta Grzegorzewska, the Polish émigré poet living in Britain, as an example of the condition
of an émigré poet-in-translation. The book, addressed both to her „native” Polish-language readership and to the new, foreign-language readers in the country of her settlement, shows how the status of the émigré poet undermines the distinction between the foreign and the familiar, providing an apt illustration of Salman Rushdie’s view
of emigrants as „translated people”. As the detailed analyses of the English translations in Grzegorzewska’s book reveal, the translator not only defi nes her readers,
but also, paradoxically, creates the poet he is translating: the translator’s choices are
shown to work towards obliterating the poet’s status as an émigré writer and, with British
readers in mind, eliminating traces of her linguistic and cultural otherness.
Languages of Theories – the Languages of Poetics.
On a Paradigm Shift Still Awaiting its Fulfillment
Authors: Kola Adam
Published: January 2020

Theoretical movements, interpretative paradigms and intellectual fashions have been
widely introduced to Poland (feminism, postcolonial studies etc.), rarely (g)localized, but without a good understanding of the real consequences of embracing those cultural models. In literary studies, the main obstacle preventing the fulfi llment of the paradigm shift
is the exclusion of poetics from those new trends, while its development should follow
the adoption of a given theory. The article shows a complex character of the absence
of poetics (in plural, refl ecting a variety of theories), on the one hand, and the persistence
and appeal of the structural poetic (singular; even in the situation when the structuralistic
theory is not used). The present situation can be seen as an infl ation of pure theorizations
and a defl ation of the development of possible tools in text analysis.
"They Must Be Analyzed". The Theory’s Empire and the Challenge of the Transcultural Humanities
Authors: Łukaszyk Ewa
Published: January 2020

Analytic practices in the humanities have been gradually transformed into a new
form of symbolic oppression. Open access download and indiscriminate consumption do not automatically imply an equal active participation in the debate. Apparently,
the „democratic” rules and procedures behind the production of knowledge, such as
a double-blind peer-review system, are not as innocent as they seem. Andrzej Walicki has
pointed out that Polish scholars may have to face continuing hindrances, which should
be interpreted not only as a result of their personal insuffi ciency, but as an epiphenomenon of a global problem: they remain in the shadow of the Theory’s Empire. The necessity of creating new networks of exchange is thus evident, and so is the task of rethinking
the concept of „the world” in order to guarantee participation and visibility.
„A great communion of individuals”
Authors: Łastowiecki Janusz
Published: January 2020

The text oscillates around the perception of a radio programme. The main concept
of the consideration is the inspiration of the prominent radio author – Andrzej Mularczyk,
who named radio theatre a great communion of individuals. The customary phenomenological perspective of the study shows the genealogical complexity of this heterogeneous genre. The chief idea of the great communion of individuals reveals the glaring
strength, that is exerted by the radio programme on its particular recipients. The chosen
examples of the radio programmes will brighten and somehow explain the mechanism
of artistic perception of the radio creation.
An apology for the tower of Babel: The future of comparative literature in the face of multilingualism
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: January 2020

The article evokes the story of the tower of Babel as the symbolic beginning of multilingualism and comparative studies, highlighting the positive, original and optimistic
meaning of this symbol. The fi eld of comparative studies addresses a whole variety
of crucial problems. Therefore the continuing discussions about the discipline’s end appear to be sign of its vivacity rather than of its death. Like many other disciplines, comparative studies is still in process, undergoing a constant adaptation to the changing
conditions, but its place in the humanities must not be underestimated.
Comparative Studies: a Criticism of Similarities
Authors: Sadowski Witold
Published: January 2020

The article explores the difference between the category of tertium comparationis and
a C-fi eld. The C-fi eld can be involved in different aspects of the analysis, for example the
fi eld of one discipline (e.g. models of literary genres). The letter as genre exemplifi es the
presence of hidden connections between its literary, administrative and pastoral forms.
The method appears to be especially useful in the reconstructions of past phenomena
(works, movements, periods etc.).
Emergent Literature and the Field of Comparative Literature
Authors: Godzich Wlad
Published: January 2020

The article discusses recent tendencies in Comparative Literature and examines the
consequences of the discipline’s development and popularity in the United States. Referring
to Immanuel Kant’s, G.W.F. Hegel’s and Martin Heidegger’s philosophies of the work of
art and to the writings of selected postcolonial writers (South African Ezequiel Mphahlele
and Angolian Manuel Rui), the article makes a case for the fertility Comparative Literature.
The Foundering of Aesthetics: Thoughts on the Current State of Comparative Literature
Authors: Weber Samuel , Nowicka Marta , Wiśniewski Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The article investigates major preoccupations of comparative literature at the end
of the twentieth century. Evoking René Wellek and Paul de Man, the discussion focuses
on a rereading of selected aspects of Immanuel Kant. The argument points out the differences between Comparative Literature and „general literature”.
“Worse and worse boredom”:
Gombrowicz, Schulz, and Witkacy on the Intensity
of Modern Life
Authors: Markowski Michał Paweł
Published: January 2020

The article examines Gombrowicz's Schulz's and Witkacy's reflections on the Intensity of Modern Life. Gombrowicz tried to find an exit from the confrontation with pure existence, Schulz dramatically searched for the opportunity to escape from the double that turned away from him, and Witkiewicz knew perfectly well that no liberating transition between esse and socius is possible.