bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘I’ve no doubt I am quite wrong’
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Four considers Christie’s adaptions of the usually limiting spinster stereotype in the portrayal of Marple and secondary characters. This chapter argues that Christie plays extensively with this stereotype, and that she develops the duality of the spinster persona to extraordinary degree in Marple. Discussion begins with fictional representations of the spinster in literature before turning to the ways that Christie harnesses the mystical and the mundane aspects of the stereotype in her spinster-sleuth. This chapter reveals the narrative strategies which endow Marple with the otherworldly powers of the spinster. It also identifies mundane feminine pastimes such as gossiping, knitting, and gardening which are elevated to precision instruments of the spinster-sleuth’s deductive method. Marple’s uses of spinsterly camouflage and ‘performance’ of elderly femininity are also explored. Textual evidence demonstrates why Marple’s outward displays of meek compliance to patriarchal order are necessary, and how her deceptive reassurance functions in the texts.
‘Heroic Women’
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Six considers comedy in the portrayal and narrative placement of Marple’s female assistants. This chapter contends that Christie parodically reverses conventional expectations about gender roles and genre rules in her depictions of stock characters such as the femme fatale and dotty old woman witness. It is argued that Christie reiterates, but modifies, the tactic of the feminine-heroic that was discussed in Chapter Five with regard to the Marple character. In this instance, Christie mobilises the comic self-referentiality of the clue-puzzle to redefine the heroic ideal in ways which expand feminine roles such as the plucky love interest and the awkward ingénue. The association of these female characters with qualities such as courage, intelligence, and personal integrity allows them scope beyond the usual narrative position of victim, suspect, or love interest. This underpins the original hypothesis that these characters may be considered as the ‘Heroic Women’ of the Marple mysteries.
Construction Sights
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: January 2023

Looking at photographs of Parisian construction (and destruction) sites by artists Marc Petitjean and Stéphane Couturier, Chapter One proposes that pictures of urban landscapes in various stages of mutation depict the city not merely as a bounded physical reality, but as a dialectical process. Both Petitjean’s series on the evolution of the neighborhood surrounding the Pompidou Center and Couturier’s views of the innards of nearby buildings in his “Urban Archaeology” series bear witness to the processes of an architectonic form of creative destruction in Paris’ city center. As they elicit the past, present, and future life of the buildings they picture, their images consider how the production and use of space factors into the larger historical processes of Paris’ becoming. When examined closely and in tandem, however, Petitjean’s and Couturier’s photographs also hint at the logic of speculation, in both the visual and commercial sense of that term, that subtends their production, dissemination, and display. In doing so, both projects study the construction site as part of a strategy to lay bare what the rhythms of modernization and capitalism often obscure and leave behind.
Coda
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: January 2023

A brief coda to this book considers how photographers might attend to places that were once officially part of France but are no longer. By way of example, the chapter offers a reading of Thomas Jorion’s 2016 series, Vestiges d’empire. While Jorion’s work makes visible the architectural and infrastructural remnants of France’s imperial aspirations across Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean, his photographs suggest how the countless ruins of France’s transoceanic legacy elicit a spatially orchestrated form of trauma that continues to exert its force in the present. Jorion’s work thereby problematizes what we mean when we talk about “French” landscapes, positing the idea of the Hexagon and the very notion of the national territory as psychically loaded and limiting concepts. The Topographic Imaginary thus concludes by inviting further inquiry into contemporary photographic visions of landscapes not only in metropolitan France, but throughout the francophone post-colony and beyond.
Defying Eternity in Keats’s Poetry
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Keats’s poetry often seems deeply concerned by the threat of eternity rather than its promise. Even while dying, Keats remained in love with mutability and the earthly. Eternity offered no consolation for losing his human life. This chapter views Keats’s poetry as taking the attitude that eternity is not a human property. Keats makes what is human, mortal, and sensual into the essence of poetry in which eternity cannot but seem a deadly abstraction. Eternity, unmentioned, undesired, and unidealised, stands as the polar opposite of what Keats, that great, and above all, human poet, seeks to achieve. Eternity shadows Keats’s earthly poetic achievements, where the poet’s struggle to remain embodied becomes Keats’s defiance of eternity.
Julius Caesar The Gallic War Book V
Authors: Gerrish Jennifer
Published: January 2023

The Latin text is accompanied by a facing-page English translation. The text displays many instances of Julius Caesar’s need to repeatedly justify his continuing command in Gaul and to reframe setbacks. The translation faithfully represents the clarity and precision of Caesar’s Latin while also conveying the drama of Caesar’s narrative in a voice that modern readers will find lively and accessible.
Commentary Book V
Authors: Gerrish Jennifer
Published: January 2023

The commentary covers topics of historical, literary, and linguistic interest, providing support to readers of both the English and Latin texts. It is keyed to the translation. Close attention is given to place-names, to attempt to identify locations where possible. What is known about named individuals is explained, as well as military terms. Julius Caesar’s digression on the topography of Britain is fully explicated. Events in Gaul such as Ambiorix’s revolt and the ambush of Sabinus are described.
Valuing The Past
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

This chapter introduces the subjects of the book by briefly summarising the history of Cleopatra’s Needles, from their original erection at the Temple of Re at Heliopolis in 1468 BC, to their arrival in London in 1878, and New York in 1880. It then sets out the book’s two main arguments. One is that the protracted process of acquiring the London Needle offers a rare chance to examine differences in the understanding of Ancient Egypt between groups in society at various times, and changes in understanding over time, in relation to a single example of material culture. The other main contention is that concepts of property and value are particularly useful in analysing the ways in which Ancient Egypt was understood over the course of the nineteenth century and beyond, and how the reception of historical cultures functions more generally. There are also sections on the concepts of value, property and reception and the chapter considers exchange relationships and gifts and commodities in the context of the acquisition of the Needle.
The Needles In Egypt
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

Chapter two examines the loss of an active cultural tradition from Pharaonic Egypt over the centuries, including the loss of understanding of its written records, changes in the value and ownership status of obelisks, and the mutation, rather than simple transmission, of the way in which they were understood. Successive sections then consider obelisks in the ancient world, how understanding of them and their perceived value changed with the introduction of first Christianity and then Islam and the loss of their original functions, the growing influence of European powers in Egypt with the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the history of the Needles in the nineteenth century against the background of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars and later nineteenth century geopolitics.
Our Egyptian Obelisk
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 examines the perception of the Needle in a non-Egyptian context., including the legal and ethical basis on which it was acquired, and its continued categorisation as a war memorial and imperial trophy. Issues related to this include the question of whether Muhammad Ali and his successors had the right to disposal of the obelisk, or if this lay with the Ottoman Sultan. The fallen Needle was repeatedly described as the property of the British nation, and both Britain and France emulated Imperial Rome by the acquisition and transport of an obelisk to their capital cities. Accounts of this in contemporary sources reflect their political rivalry during this period. The chapter will also examine other monumental Egyptian antiquities, especially the colossus of Ramses II at Memphis, which were considered to be available as alternatives to the Needle. Discussion of the role of the Needle as a memorial to British victories in Egypt includes the sites proposed for its re-erection in London, including Trafalgar Square, as well as the role of Scottish troops in the Egyptian campaign, and of Scots in proposals to transport the Needle and possible sites in Scotland for the obelisk.
Introduction: “Superschlock”
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This introduction gives an overview of the book. George A. Romero long contended that Dawn of the Dead was intended as ‘schlock’: the social satire that critics praise it for was always part of the surface excess. Arguably, excess is integral to the film’s meaning, not only in its scenes of gore, its social satire and its bawdy style, but in the production history of the film itself. In terms of script, production and distribution, Romero took Dawn of the Dead into new areas of cinematic extremity, and in the process made perhaps the greatest horror film of the 1970s. Dawn of the Dead is a culmination of the American Nightmare cycle that began in 1968 with Romero’s own Night of the Living Dead.
“Sick or Subtle?”: Critical Reception and Audience Consumption
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This chapter details Dawn of the Dead’s reception by film critics and audiences. Romero was harshly criticised by many (including Janet Maslin and Pauline Kael) who felt that Dawn of the Dead ‘desensitised’ viewers to violence. A number of early criticisms concentrated on the violence, and the effect this appeared to have on some members of the audience. These criticisms keyed into media effects debates that seemed to preoccupy the media regulators. The film itself came second to a broader discussion of screen violence – or was dismissed altogether because of its violence. The chapter goes on to discuss how controversy over Dawn of the Dead’s violence has receded over the years and critics now tend to focus on the satirical aspects of the film. The gore of Dawn of the Dead has become commonplace to the genre; its shock/controversy factor has been lost, which has led to the film becoming less polarising for critics and audiences. But the violent extremity of Dawn of the Dead has, in the past, been seen by many as problematic, just as its gory excess has contributed to its cult status amongst audiences.
His Own Heaven, His Own Hell
Authors: Haberman Steve
Published: January 2023

Poe, mirroring the story of Christ’s second coming in his portrayal of the Red Death, does not present the story as a warning to the wicked, but as a sobering meditation on inevitability of death and the meaninglessness of temporal power and pleasure. Corman rejects religion, not presenting the Red Death as a metaphor for Christ at the second coming, but as a wise and world-weary voice for the sad realities of existence. Both artists ignore God as presented in Christian theology and act as the Gods of their own apocalypses, characterising death and the meaning of life in their own personal ways.
Synopsis: Screening the Future
Authors: Wilson D. Harlan
Published: January 2023

This extended synopsis accounts for notable details, themes, and points of reference in Minority Report, foregrounding the screens that define the physical, psychological, and emotional landscape of Spielberg’s imagined future.
Introduction
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

Focusing on the port of Hull, this chapter introduces the British distant-water fishery in the troubled economic context of the 1970s, when rising oil prices, falling fish stocks and significant shifts in international policy led to crisis. It sets out the intellectual framework for the book, which engages oral history and archival research to produce first-hand narratives of disruption. Using the structure of time, place and memory, the chapter introduces two 1950s sociological studies of Hull’s fishery that provide the basis for monitoring change, before lightly examining geographical theories that underpin the depiction of place association and attachment within this story. Finally, it considers memory as both research method, and as the subject of the final chapter that traces the journey from active fishery to maritime heritage through an interplay of authorised representation, feelings of disinheritance, community protest and the rise of alternative expressions of heritage ‘from below’.
A New Fishing World Order
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores the arrival and consequences of the global emergence of fishing limits that culminated in the 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In the North Atlantic, the Icelandic push for limits ahead of international consensus met with British resistance and defeat in three Cod Wars that took place between 1958 and 1976. The resultant expulsion of British trawlers from new Icelandic limits coincided with Britain’s own waters becoming part of a shared European Economic Community common pond. The chapter examines first-hand accounts and remembered attitudes towards conflict, limits, quotas, and the uncertainty surrounding the content of a common fisheries policy (CFP). It reveals a fragmented industry, set in its ways and not immediately responsive to the need to adapt.
New Horizons
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

Faced with contraction and decline, Britain’s distant-water fishery needed to revise its operations and seek new opportunities. This chapter examines diversification post-1976. In home waters, narrators reveal involvement in the 1970s south-west England mackerel fishing boom; experimental fishing for alternative exploitable species off the British coast and transferring into coastal fishing or into the emerging North Sea gas and oil industry. Further afield, globalisation and the growth of Exclusive Economic Zones saw Hull trawlermen and firms supporting the expansion of overseas fisheries, working in the global oil industry and taking a key role in developing a new British fishery around the Falkland Islands. Narrators describe sunshine, free time and voyages that no longer started and finished at Hull’s fish dock. But they also convey precarity, uncertain payment and dangerous scenarios. In the home port, Hull had survived as a fish handling and processing centre by attracting foreign caught fish to its quay. In the decade after the Cod Wars, life in Hull’s long established distant-water fishery had changed beyond recognition. In 1983, the revised common fisheries policy was finally released to shape a new European fishery. Despite vigorous efforts to diversity, for many trawling firms it was too late and only two continued to operate beyond 1986.
The Life and Death of Trawlertown
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

This chapter steps ashore into Hull’s fishing district of Hessle Road. Using concepts of place drawn from phenomenological geography, non-representational theory and Ingold’s notion of the taskscape, it provides a model for examining the port-city in transition. As a companion to Hugil’s Sailortown, Trawlertown is introduced as a space within yet separate to the wider city, created by the physical presence and daily interactions of Arctic trawling. Oral accounts explore the neighbourhood of Hessle Road and St Andrew’s Fish Dock in a 1950s and 1960s heyday, revealing the interdependency of dock and district. The chapter then considers the physical, social and cultural impact of post-war housing clearance and dispersal, which coincided with the collapse of trawling, just as the fleet itself was transferring to new modern facilities in Albert and William Wright Dock. As the interactions and spaces of the fishery declined, Trawlertown dissolved back into the city. However, physical traces remained that were vested with memory, meaning and a sense of legacy. In the years that followed, these remnant spaces were to become the focus of the fishing community’s struggle for remembrance, representation and heritage.
Remembrance
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines Hull’s distant-water fishery in transition from active industry to maritime heritage, placing it as the final yet ongoing episode in the history of the industry. It draws upon theories of place memory, heritage dissonance, Smith’s Authorised Heritage Discourse and Robertson’s concept of Heritage from Below to deliver an account of how one community’s feelings of disinheritance led to community protest and alternative expressions of heritage. It reveals a messiness of remembering, where heritage is contested between elite and grassroots organisations, between civic and community needs and between and within communities themselves. From previous chapters, the understanding gained of the extreme nature, place-based attachments, close knit networks and rapid contraction of Hull’s fishery offers a deeper insight into the processes of heritage and why remembrance became of such community importance. Amidst tangible successes and losses, the chapter also suggests that the struggle for remembrance itself has unintentionally become a form of intangible heritage, keeping the past meaningful and alive in a way that a fixed representation may not have achieved. Ultimately, the outcome is one of reclaimed identity and belonging through an ongoing conversation with the past.
“Need blond, right-wing intellectual, fifteen-years-old, maximum” – The Contemporary Superhero Film as Critiqued Fifty Years Ago
Authors: Sage Tyler
Published: January 2023

This chapter uses the satire offered by Mr. Freedom to critique the contemporary superhero film cycle. The strengths and weaknesses of this cycle are first explored and then put into the context of the larger ideological movements of the American cinematic tradition. Contemporary movies discussed include Logan, Black Panther, and Christopher Nolan's Batman trilogy.
The OA and Genre
Authors: Sweeney David
Published: January 2023

Netflix categorises The OA generically as 'Sci Fi', 'Mystery', 'Thriller' and 'Drama' while IMDb classifies the series as 'Drama, Fantasy, Mystery', only partly intersecting with Netflix's categorisation. The OA is close, as is discussed, to the work of science fiction writer Philip K. Dick. It recalls too Grant Morrison's Vertigo comic book series The Invisibles, itself influenced by Dick, which displays similar themes, and also the Wachowskis’ 1999 film The Matrix and its two sequels (2003), which in turn show an influence from Morrison. Like these works, The OA can be described as a gnostic text, that is, one which is concerned with the acquisition of spiritual knowledge which leads to an understanding of reality's true nature. This is an aspect of another Netflix series, Sense8 co-created by the Wachowskis with J. Michael Stracynski, whose Babylon 5 (1993-97) also contained gnostic themes and to which The OA is compared. First, however, the chapter addresses the mystery and SF elements of the series as well as those from another genre not identified in either Netflix's or IMDb's classification: that of horror. The chapter concludes with a consideration of The OA as part of the emergent ‘New Age’ genre.
The Verlaine-Environment
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

This chapter begins with an analysis of the pictorial aspect of Verlaine’s ‘haiku-poetry’. Drawing on Barthes, who ties haiku to photography, and on Simondon’s notion of the ‘cycle of images’, the chapter argues that in Verlaine’s poetry images are associated with a form of ‘tuning’: when we contemplate and/or produce images, we establish an equilibrium between ourselves and the environment. The proposed reading of Verlaine is then placed in relation to readings by Jean-Pierre Richard, Arnaud Bernadet and Clive Scott. Already in 1988, Scottt argued that Verlaine’s poetry ‘casts anthropocentricity in doubt’. Probing Scott’s statement, the chapter suggests that Verlaine’s poetry orients us towards what is today theorised as affectivity and ‘nonconscious cognition’ (N. Katherine Hayles). This paves the way for an explicit answer to the key question: how does Verlaine speak to the present? Verlaine’s best-known poetry relies upon – and produces – an understanding of human subjectivity as being intimately caught up in an environment (rural, urban, or linguistic) which always exceeds it; this conception of subjectivity is in tune with our Anthropocene times.
Paintings of Port Buildings and Ships in Qing Dynasty Canton during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Wong Junfu
Published: January 2023

Canton in China was an important port for trading during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and became home to ships from all over the globe, as well as to export agencies, commercial and domestic residences, and embassies. This chapter discusses the ships and architecture of Canton port during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through an examination of select paintings. Using detailed visual analysis of paintings, the chapter identifies the buildings constructed along the coastline by referring to documentary and archived sources that describe the city structure. Finally, the chapter considers the archaeological artefacts found at shipwrecks which provide specific insights into to the forms and types of ships built at that time.
Victorian Identity and the Sea: Imagining the Nation in Banal Maritime Art
Authors: Williams David
Published: January 2023

During the nineteenth century, art was instrumental in forming fundamental expressions of Englishness. Through art, the country was presented as a seafaring nation and as an ‘island’, and yet this was created largely through images of the interior landscape, with little regard to maritime imagery. Furthermore, until now, researchers have not examined maritime art after 1850, and they posit that changes in technology led to the English turning away from the sea in art. Contrary to existing research, this chapter proposes that maritime art had continuing importance after 1850, and that the genre was able to capture ideas of Englishness that were impossible in landscape art. The chapter demonstrates that maritime art could connect the modern to the past in ways that landscape art could not.
Paul Delaroche
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

This book offers a re-assessment of the French nineteenth-century artist, Paul Delaroche. In the artist’s own time, his work was widely known and lauded by public and critics alike. However, its very popularity was instrumental in its exclusion from an art-historical canon that privileged avant garde qualities of difficulty and stylistic innovation over the supposed instant legibility and general accessibility of Delaroche’s painting. Revisionist scholarship has sought to secure a position for Delaroche in the tradition of French history painting; this book builds on these studies, but focuses on the artist’s popularity with the newly expanded, more socially diverse audiences of the 1820s and 1830s. Lacking in specialist knowledge, but nevertheless keen to engage with and deeply affected by art, the behaviour of this new public prompted lively discussions about who has the right to judge art and on what grounds. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, the book reveals Delaroche’s relationship to a new, technologically innovative, trans-medial visual culture that included new forms such as panoramas and dioramas, as well as stage spectacle. The consonances between Delaroche’s painting and performance have prompted accusations of ‘theatricality’, meaning unreality or inauthenticity. However, such criticisms do not take into account the common concern with immediacy – the effacement of all signs of mediation – across a range of popular culture in this period. Delaroche’s practice is revealed as embedded in a nineteenth-century culture of remediation, a term borrowed from discussions of twentieth- and twenty-first-century immersive media, in which we see the formation of modern spectatorship.
Theatricality, Authenticity, and the Expression of Emotion
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

This chapter revisits debates about the problem of ‘theatricality’ as it relates to the expressive figure through the writings of Diderot, Stendhal, and others. Figural pantomime needed to be clear and emphatic in order to convey the human drama portrayed in the picture; yet over-telegraphed expression might be criticised as ‘theatrical’, meaning unrealistic or inauthentic. Like a false note, it would fail to connect with the spectator’s sympathies, leaving them unmoved. Michael Fried considers Delaroche’s paintings as marred by their too obvious appeal to the beholder. This chapter argues to the contrary that contemporaries praised the ‘authenticity’ of his works. ‘Theatricality’ as a critical term should be uncoupled from actual performance culture, which was also the site of anti-theatrical feeling. Consonances are drawn between Delaroche’s paintings and the performances of the melodrama actress Marie Dorval, in which inscrutability, awkwardness, and accident were presented as markers of authenticity.
Conclusion
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

Popular demand for immediacy – the apparently unmediated image – is examined as a response to the conditions of modernity in which subjectivity is experienced as isolation. The roots of both Delaroche’s immediacy and the pleasure in process and fragmentation for its own sake that we identify with modernism are found in the debates of the 1820s and 1830s. Since that time these twin aspects of modernity have existed always in tandem.
Introduction
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: January 2023

Beginning with the case of a Jesuit priest in French Guiana in 1751, the question of ear cropping is introduced. Under the Code Noir of 1685, the cropping of ears is prescribed as a punishment for runaway slaves. Drawing on the work of Diana Paton and Vincent Brown, the case of ear cropping is considered in the broader context of slave punishment in the Caribbean, while the case of the French priest is threaded through the introduction as a means of connecting his lived reality of the auditory world of the forest to the critical and theoretical references, which range from Caribbean authors such as Frantz Fanon, Edouard Glissant, and Jean-Claude Charles to prominent sound theorists such as Mark M. Smith, Leigh Eric Schmidt, and Steven Feld, and other relevant scholars such as Saidiya Hartman and Nicholas Mirzoeff. As such, the book is grounded in sound studies and Caribbean studies, and from the outset is deeply engaged with close readings of contemporary texts about slavery and plantation life.
Sounds Of Slavery
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: January 2023

The second chapter begins with the observation that early European travelers to the Caribbean tended to be poor listeners, in ways that confirm Veit Erlmann’s statement that hearing is “culturally variable and subject to the prevailing ideologies and power relations of a given place at a given time” (“But What of the Ethnographic Ear?” 3). Harnessing the power of the visual, white European travelers developed their ability to catalog and classify the world, which they considered to be primarily visual in nature, and could thereby be controlled and exploited. In this regard, the chapter uses the work of Nicholas Mirzoeff is an important point of reference, in that it identifies the ways in which the plantation was something of a matrix for the modern deployment of visuality and visual techniques as means of ordering societies. The rest of the chapter in effect carries out sound-focused readings of texts, and draws on historical archives and critical studies to compare and contrast the soundscapes of enslavement and freedom in the Caribbean with special emphasis on Guadeloupe, Haiti, and Jamaica. Close readings of primary and secondary sources—principally by Labat, Moreau de Saint-Méry, Descourtilz, Henry Bleby, and an anonymous Scottish-Caribbean novel—listen in to the auditory dimensions of enslaved experience, and show how certain sounds—of music, ritual (chiefly religious worship), and work—survived the Middle Passage, while others—mainly of African languages—largely perished or were creolized in the new place. How did sounds help or hinder slaves in adapting to their new environments? What roles did sounds play in building community and connection during moments of conspiracy and rebellion?
Introduction
Authors: Baek Jiewon
Published: January 2023

The setting for Fictional Labor combines both the physical and virtual spaces of modern cities: Paris, Lodève, Fameck, unnamed banlieues and commercial zones, and the information space of the Internet. This setting reveals a melancholic civilization suffering from the adverse effects of neoliberal politics, digital automation, and marketing industries, including the proletarianization of knowledge and sensibility. The question is how the creative work of generating a positive will and motive for living is possible in the absence of ethos. The book’s methodology combines close analyses of literature and the visual arts with political, ecological, and economic perspectives on the meaning of labor under capitalism. By offering a new sense of cultural production as labor, the theory of fictional labor foregrounds the ethical formation of sensibility to alterity. Each of the four chapters that follow presents a figural instantiation of fictional labor: surplus-word, mask, vector, and savage-word.
Revenants
Authors: Panaite Oana
Published: January 2023

In Lettre morte (1999), Linda Lê’s narrator grapples with the punishment of Mezentius, that is, the everyday torture of the living being bound to the dead. The death of the Vietnamese father seals the impossible double bind: forever inseparable from his surviving daughter, penetrating every corner of her life, his memory is a constant reminder of the absence to which the daughter’s exile had condemned him while still alive. The chapter examines this semantic interplay as it unfolds throughout the narrative to discuss the ghostly presence of the biopolitical in a book that speaks of the horrors of colonial and neocolonial and exile while refusing a realistic representation with these themes. Rather than taming or soothing the trauma by giving it a mimetic shape, the text compulsively revisits, without ever fully reconstructing, the memory of the dead father allowing him to invest the narrative space not in spite but because of the daughter’s exile and the familial estrangement that preceded and foreshadowed his disappearance. As the seminal figure of a narrative that ties together alienation, exile, love, and madness, the paternal figure represents a spectral permanence as formative as it is destructive.
The Verdict of Israeli Historiography on Hasidism
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses primarily on Israeli historiography of hasidism. It emphasises the ongoing power of the pioneering paradigms enunciated by scholars prior, even after they were probatively challenged. At the same time, the chapter demonstrates how accepted notions, like the idea that the Besht founded an actual movement, or that hasidism was a movement of the common people against the establishment, or that a Yiddish translation of Shivḥei habesht reflects an ur-text, could be upended by new analyses of old sources, by discovering new sources, or by shifting the contextual perspective. The chapter also refers to the differences between scholars who relate to hasidism as primarily a subject of the history of religion, especially theology, and those who view it from the perspective of social history. As one way to bridge this gap, the chapter calls for a strictly critical approach to all the sources.
Dubno in the Wake of Khmelnytsky
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines how Jews and non-Jews resident in the same town went about reconstructing their lives after the destruction of 1648. Founded in the first half of the sixteenth century, the Jewish community in Dubno was one of the second-line communities of Wołyn, after Ostróg, Łuck, Włodzimierz Wołynski, and Krzemieniec. In the standard treatments of the 1648 war it receives only passing mention. The chapter notes a stark lack of detail about the uprising and war that formed the context for the Gezeirot, the persecutions of the Jews. Like most of the primary sources relating to these events — Jewish, Polish, and Ukrainian — the chronicles are blatantly partisan, to the point of frequent blindness to the experiences of the other groups.
Jewish Autonomy in Poland and the Polish Regime
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores Jewish autonomy in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Jewish community in the early modern period was renowned for its autonomous rights, which formed the framework within which it conducted its affairs. Foreign Jewish observers were impressed by the structure of the Polish Jewish system of autonomy, which was composed of institutions at three levels: the kahal (communal council) which managed the kehilah (individual local community), the va'ad galil (regional council), and the two national councils: the Polish Va'ad Arba Aratsot (Council of Four Lands) and the Lithuanian Va'ad Medinat Lita (Council of the [Jewish] State of Lithuania). These same observers marvelled at the scope of Jewish authority. The Jews judged themselves, taxed themselves, legislated for themselves, administered their own communal affairs, set up supervisory bodies, enjoyed meaningful powers of enforcement, and conducted negotiations and diplomacy.
The Indebtedness of the Lublin Kahal in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter analyses the problem of communal indebtedness, concentrating on the case of Lublin. A previous generation of scholars had cited the high incidence of communal borrowing as a main cause of a supposed crisis of eighteenth-century Polish Jewish life. More recent work claimed that high inflation resulting in progressive devaluation of the debts meant that communal borrowing was actually smart policy. The chapter attempts to explain the motivations and mechanics of communal borrowing as well as offer a profile of the creditors. It demonstrates that, while communal indebtedness did not reach crisis proportions in general, there were communities, like Lublin, that went bankrupt.
The Image of Poland as a Torah Centre after 1648
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter is a corrective to another common notion: that after the mid-seventeenth-century persecutions Torah culture declined precipitously in Poland, never to recover. The chapter asserts that on the cultural vector, recovery from Khmelnytsky's rebellion and the Muscovite-Swedish invasions and accompanying persecutions was quite rapid. Rabbis and religious functionaries did indeed emigrate in the wake of the persecutions. However, not all of Poland's Jewish communities were affected. After 1660, along with the physical and social rehabilitation of the Jewish communities, much of the destroyed Jewish educational and cultural life was reconstituted. Notwithstanding their exceptional predecessors, the post-1660 Polish Jewish community, recovering from rampant destruction, remained an important centre of Torah.
Międzybóż and Rabbi Israel Ba’al Shem Tov
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter is based on Israel Ba'al Shem Tov and his town, Międzybóż. Specifically, it is a non-Jewish documentation on the man and his environment. Israel Ba'al Shem Tov (Besht) and the movement that arose in his wake have been studied and discussed many times, from varying perspectives and a variety of methodological approaches. Yet for a long time one element was virtually absent from this entire scholarly corpus: the perspective on the Besht provided by non-Jewish sources, which this chapter seeks to provide. Crucial to research on the Besht and his entourage is the need to understand the dynamics in the Jewish community of Międzybóż when the Ba'al Shem Tov settled there. Among other things, the chapter considers who possessed financial means and who wielded authority. Furthermore, their attitude towards the Besht is also studied. Community organisation and whether or not the Besht had a formal role in any communal institutions are also considered, as well as what sort of problems the Jews faced in Międzybóż, and what part the Besht played in attempting to find solutions.
Stories that Changed History
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter is a critical assessment of what has traditionally served as the main source on the Ba'al Shem Tov and early hasidism — the collection of stories, Shivḥei habesht. The initial point here is to understand that the two early recensions of the book had different objectives. The first one, copied repeatedly in manuscript form only, was intended to encourage piety, not necessarily to promote hasidism per se. The second one, in print, was published with the aim of reinforcing the messages of the developing movement. The other fundamental point is that Shivḥei habesht belongs to the genre of hagiography and is subject to its parameters. This dimension of the book must be explored before attempting to learn history from these stories. The chapter concludes with a guide to editions of Shivḥei habesht.
Hasidism as a Modern Phenomenon
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter is an attempt to affirm that hasidism should indeed be classified as belonging to Jewish modernity and not thought of as a vestige of an earlier time and sensibility. The chapter claims that hasidism bears many of the hallmarks of modernity and was, arguably, the most successful of the nineteenth-century new Jewish movements. Hasidism was acknowledged as a subject in the process of modernisation by its self-consciously modernizing opponents, by government authorities, and by members of the new modern capitalist and proto-industrialist elites who gave it both generous financial support and political cover. The fact that the maskilim blamed hasidism for all of the misfortunes of the Jewish people, and used it as an excuse for the failure of the maskilic programme, should not be naively taken as evidence for hasidic withdrawal from the modern world. On the contrary, it is proof of how much they were engaged with it. Hasidim's willingness to compete on the modern field against Haskalah ideas and projects led to their victories over maskilim.
BROAD [C II] LINE WINGS AS TRACER OF MOLECULAR AND MULTI-PHASE OUTFLOWS IN INFRARED BRIGHT GALAXIES
Authors: Janssen A. W. , Christopher N. , Sturm E. , Veilleux S. , Contursi A. , González-Alfonso E. , Fischer J. , Davies R. , Verma A. , Graciá-Carpio J. , Genzel R. , Lutz D. , Sternberg A. , Tacconi L. , Burtscher L. , Poglitsch A.
Published: January 2023

We report a tentative correlation between the outflow characteristics derived from OH absorption at 119 μm and [C ii] emission at 158 μm in a sample of 22 local and bright ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). For this sample, we investigate whether [C ii] broad wings are a good tracer of molecular outflows, and how the two tracers are connected. Fourteen objects in our sample have a broad wing component as traced by [C ii], and all of these also show OH119 absorption indicative of an outflow (in one case an inflow). The other eight cases, where no broad [C ii] component was found, are predominantly objects with no OH outflow or a low-velocity (≤100 km s−1) OH outflow. The FWHM of the broad [C ii] component shows a trend with the OH119 blueshifted velocity, although with significant scatter. Moreover, and despite large uncertainties, the outflow masses derived from OH and broad [C ii] show a 1:1 relation. The main conclusion is therefore that broad [C ii] wings can be used to trace molecular outflows. This may be particularly relevant at high redshift, where the usual tracers of molecular gas (like low-J CO lines) become hard to observe. Additionally, observations of blueshifted Na i D λλ 5890, 5896 absorption are available for 10 of our sources. Outflow velocities of Na i D show a trend with OH velocity and broad [C ii] FWHM. These observations suggest that the atomic and molecular gas phases of the outflow are connected.
The Orbital Architecture of Qatar-6: A Fully Aligned Three-body System?
Authors: Rice Malena , Wang Songhu , Gerbig Konstantin , Wang Xian-Yu , Dai Fei , Tyler Dakotah , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W.
Published: January 2023

The evolutionary history of an extrasolar system is, in part, fossilized through its planets’ orbital orientations relative to the host star’s spin axis. However, spin–orbit constraints for warm Jupiters—particularly in binary star systems, which are amenable to a wide range of dynamical processes—are relatively scarce. We report a measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, observed with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph, across the transit of Qatar-6 A b—a warm Jupiter orbiting one star within a binary system. From this measurement, we obtain a sky-projected spin–orbit angle λ = 0.°1 ± 2.°6. Combining this new constraint with the stellar rotational velocity of Qatar-6 A that we measure from TESS photometry, we derive a true obliquity

ψ
=

21.82

−
18.36

+
8.86

°

—consistent with near-exact alignment. We also leverage astrometric data from Gaia DR3 to show that the Qatar-6 binary star system is edge-on (

i

B

=

90.17

−
1.06

+
1.07

°

), such that the stellar binary and the transiting exoplanet orbit exhibit line-of-sight orbit–orbit alignment. Ultimately, we demonstrate that all current constraints for the three-body Qatar-6 system are consistent with both spin–orbit and orbit–orbit alignment. High-precision measurements of the projected stellar spin rate of the host star and the sky-plane geometry of the transit relative to the binary plane are required to conclusively verify the full 3D configuration of the system.
The Large-scale Behavior in the Disk of δ Scorpii from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Suffak M. W. , Jones C. E. , Tycner C. , Henry G. W. , Carciofi A. C. , Mota B. C. , Rubio A. C.
Published: January 2023

We model the circumstellar disk of δ Sco using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HDUST in order to quantify the large-scale changes in the disk through the years 2000–2018, and to see if these changes can be attributed to the secondary star affecting the disk throughout its orbit. We determine our best-fitting models through matching simulated observations to actual Hα spectroscopy and V-band photometric observations. Our modeling results confirm previous findings that the disk of δ Sco was forming early in the century. We also find a period of disk dissipation when the companion is at apastron, as well as a significant growth of the disk between 2009 and 2011, prior to the periastron of 2011. Due to the steady-state nature of the disk after 2011, it is difficult to say whether the variations seen are due to the effect of the close passage of the binary companion.
Intriguing Revelations from Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron
Authors: Boesgaard Ann Merchant
Published: January 2023

This is a report on some highlights of research on the rare light elements, lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and boron (B), that were presented at my Henry Norris Russell Lecture in 2020 January. It is not a comprehensive review of work on these light elements, but contains sections on Big Bang nucleosynthesis of Li and the rarity of these light elements. It includes information on how they are observed, both historically and currently, and the difficulties entailed in determining their abundances. The production of Li, Be, and B is ongoing, so the youngest stars contain the most Li in their atmospheres and they have had less time to destroy it. All three elements are readily destroyed in stellar interiors, but have differing degrees of susceptibility to the particular nuclear fusion reactions which deplete their surface content. This feature makes them remarkably good probes into the otherwise unobservable interiors of stars and provides insights into internal-mixing processes. It also enhances the use of two or more of the three in sorting out the various processes at work in the insides of stars.
Solar Orbiter and SDO Observations, and a Bifrost Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Small-scale Coronal Jets
Authors: Panesar Navdeep K. , Hansteen Viggo H. , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Cheung Mark C. M. , Berghmans David , Müller Daniel
Published: January 2023

We report high-resolution, high-cadence observations of five small-scale coronal jets in an on-disk quiet Sun region observed with Solar Orbiter’s EUI/HRIEUV in 174 Å. We combine the HRIEUV images with the EUV images of SDO/AIA and investigate the magnetic setting of the jets using coaligned line-of-sight magnetograms from SDO/HMI. The HRIEUV jets are miniature versions of typical coronal jets as they show narrow collimated spires with a base brightening. Three out of five jets result from a detectable minifilament eruption following flux cancelation at the neutral line under the minifilament, analogous to coronal jets. To better understand the physics of jets, we also analyze five small-scale jets from a high-resolution Bifrost MHD simulation in synthetic Fe ix/Fe x emissions. The jets in the simulation reside above neutral lines and four out of five jets are triggered by magnetic flux cancelation. The temperature maps show evidence of cool gas in the same four jets. Our simulation also shows the signatures of opposite Doppler shifts (of the order of ±10 s of km s−1) in the jet spire, which is evidence of untwisting motion of the magnetic field in the jet spire. The average jet duration, spire length, base width, and speed in our observations (and in synthetic Fe ix/Fe x images) are 6.5 ± 4.0 min (9.0 ± 4.0 minutes), 6050 ± 2900 km (6500 ± 6500 km), 2200 ± 850 km, (3900 ± 2100 km), and 60 ± 8 km s−1 (42 ± 20 km s−1), respectively. Our observation and simulation results provide a unified picture of small-scale solar coronal jets driven by magnetic reconnection accompanying flux cancelation. This picture also aligns well with the most recent reports of the formation and eruption mechanisms of larger coronal jets.