bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Učestalost i oblici suradnje odgojitelja i roditelja u katoličkim vrtićima u odnosu na javne i privatne dječje vrtiće u Zadarskoj županiji
Authors: Mohorić Marijana , Nenadić–Bilan Diana
Published: May 2019

U radu se polazi od rezultata brojnih istraživanja o potrebi i važnosti uspostave suradničkih odnosa između odgojitelja i roditelja. Rezultati navedenih istraživanja ukazuju na nezamjenljivi doprinos roditeljske uključenosti cjelokupnoj dobrobiti djece, kao i kvaliteti života i rada predškolske ustanove. Polazeći od potrebe aktivnoga i intenzivnoga uključivanja roditelja kao ravnopravnih suradnika u ostvarivanje misije i zadaća dječjega vrtića, u radu su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja provedenoga na uzorku od tri javna gradska dječja vrtića, tri privatna dječja vrtića te tri katolička dječja vrtića u Zadarskoj županiji. Ispitani su stavovi odgojitelja u vezi s učestalosti odaziva roditelja na suradnju, zastupljenih oblika suradnje s roditeljima te uočenih prepreka u ostvarivanju suradničkih odnosa. Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na sličnosti, ali i razlike u navedenim stavovima s obzirom na vrstu predškolske ustanove. Podatci prezentirani u radu potiču na daljnja istraživanja negativnih stavova koji ometaju uspostavu kvalitetnije suradnje s roditeljima te promišljanje učinkovitijih oblika suradnje koji bi odgovarali potrebama suvremene obitelji.
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Melalui Budaya Nyama Beraya Pada Masyarakat Muslim Pegayaman
Authors: Fauzi Achmad Fauzi
Published: May 2019

Nyama Culture is a culture that encourages people to have tolerance attitudes and behaviors for differences because they see others as their own brothers. The form of Nyama culture in Pegayaman is realized by acculturation of local religious and cultural traditions such as the tradition of crossing or the day of cutting off large religious holiday animals such as Eid al-Fitr, Maulid Nabi, Eid al-Adha and several other big celebrations. Where in every celebration of the big day Muslims continue to preserve their ancestral culture, namely Ngejot or provide various types of food to Nyama Hindu. The discussion of this study is 1) The existence of Nyama Beraya culture is influenced by: historical background, cultural acculturation, community cohesiveness, openness of society, Islamic religious ideology. 2) The process of internalizing multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman through three stages, namely: planting, practice and appreciation. 3) The strategy of internalizing multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman consists of: free strategies, traditional strategies and transinternal strategies. 4) The impact of the internalization of multicultural values ​​through the culture of Nyama Beraya in Muslim communities pegayaman includes: no conflict, high spirit of knitting unity and preventing radicalism, growing togetherness, high enthusiasm of the community to maintain the tradition and the friendly welcome of the community.
Interpretasi Dialog Antar Agama Dalam Berbagai Prespektif
Authors: Albab Ananda Ulul
Published: May 2019

Conflicts that occur between religious communities are often caused by small problems and misunderstandings of words or actions carried out between religious people. Though harmony is an important foundation in this nation. Therefore, dialogue is present to rebuild good relations between fellow believers. Not to look for differences then to harm it. But to look for differences that exist then embrace and love each other. Dialogue also functions to build relationships that are not only in one religion, but also outside the religion. So between Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism can always communicate well. Remembering religion is indeed not to teach divisions but to lead every Ummah to uphold humanity. Although each religion is different in its teaching, but there are still the same aspects in terms of humanity, such as teaching love, compassion, sacrifice, mutual respect between others, giving selflessly, and many more good things taught by religion. The dialogue has different meanings and meanings depending on who interprets and gives his thoughts. It also depends on the background of the person who sparked an understanding of dialogue. In this article we will discuss dialogue according to the views of several religious leaders.
Surgical neurology: Harvey Cushing’s endangered legacy
Authors: Al-Mefty Ossama , Laws Edward R. , Popp A. John
Published: May 2019

As it does periodically, the United States healthcare system is, yet again, undergoing a period of change on multiple fronts, including internal initiatives in education, quality, and the workforce, as well as external pressure responding to changes in reimbursement and oversight. In such times, looking back at the foundations of our specialty is helpful, allowing often-beleaguered neurosurgeons to reflect upon what it means to be a neurosurgeon, and how they can be assured that our specialty will continue to flourish in the future. Harvey Cushing envisioned, espoused, and developed neurological surgery as a “special field”—a comprehensive, encompassing, and distinct discipline that studies the nervous system and manages neurological disorders. It provides surgical intervention for the treatment of neurological disorders; it by no means was meant to be developed as a mere technical or procedural skill; it is neither a subspecialty of surgery nor a branch of neurology; it is a “special field” that has flourished to become a crown jewel in the realm of medicine. Herein is a perspective that brings the inception and future of this concept to light. A specialty that is to live and flourish should stand on and recognize its roots.
The relevance of skull density ratio in selecting candidates for transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Boutet Alexandre , Gwun Dave , Gramer Robert , Ranjan Manish , Elias Gavin J. B. , Tilden David , Huang Yuexi , Li Stanley Xiangyu , Davidson Benjamin , Lu Hua , Tyrrell Pascal , Jones Ryan M. , Fasano Alfonso , Hynynen Kullervo , Kucharczyk Walter , Schwartz Michael L. , Lozano Andres M.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a minimally invasive treatment for movement disorders. Considerable interpatient variability in skull transmission efficiency exists with the current clinical devices, which is thought to be dependent on each patient’s specific skull morphology. Lower skull density ratio (SDR) values are thought to impede acoustic energy transmission across the skull, attenuating or preventing the therapeutic benefits of MRgFUS. Patients with SDR values below 0.4 have traditionally been deemed poor candidates for MRgFUS. Although considerable anecdotal evidence has suggested that SDR is a reliable determinant of procedural and clinical success, relationships between SDR and clinical outcomes have yet to be formally investigated. Moreover, as transcranial MRgFUS is becoming an increasingly widespread procedure, knowledge of SDR distribution in the general population may enable improved preoperative counseling and preparedness.

METHODS

A total of 98 patients who underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy at the authors’ institutions between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed (cohort 1). The authors retrospectively assessed the relationships between SDR and various clinical outcomes, including tremor improvement and adverse effects, as well as procedural factors such as sonication parameters. An SDR was also prospectively obtained in 163 random emergency department patients who required a head CT scan for various clinical indications (cohort 2). Patients’ age and sex were used to explore relationships with SDR.

RESULTS

In the MRgFUS treatment group, 17 patients with a thalamotomy lesion had an SDR below 0.4. Patients with lower SDRs required more sonication energy; however, their low SDR did not influence their clinical outcomes. In the emergency department patient group, about one-third of the patients had a low SDR (< 0.4). SDR did not correlate with age or sex.

CONCLUSIONS

Although lower SDR values correlated with higher energy requirements during MRgFUS thalamotomy, within the range of this study population, the SDR did not appreciably impact or provide the ability to predict the resulting clinical outcomes. Sampling of the general population suggests that age and sex have no relationship with SDR. Other variables, such as local variances in bone density, should also be carefully reviewed to build a comprehensive appraisal of a patient’s suitability for MRgFUS treatment.
When the air hits your brain: decreased arterial pulsatility after craniectomy leading to impaired glymphatic flow
Authors: Plog Benjamin A. , Lou Nanhong , Pierre Clifford A. , Cove Alex , Kenney H. Mark , Hitomi Emi , Kang Hongyi , Iliff Jeffrey J. , Zeppenfeld Douglas M. , Nedergaard Maiken , Vates G. Edward
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Cranial neurosurgical procedures can cause changes in brain function. There are many potential explanations, but the effect of simply opening the skull has not been addressed, except for research into syndrome of the trephined. The glymphatic circulation, by which CSF and interstitial fluid circulate through periarterial spaces, brain parenchyma, and perivenous spaces, depends on arterial pulsations to provide the driving force for bulk flow; opening the cranial cavity could dampen this force. The authors hypothesized that a craniectomy, without any other pathological insult, is sufficient to alter brain function due to reduced arterial pulsatility and decreased glymphatic flow. Furthermore, they postulated that glymphatic impairment would produce activation of astrocytes and microglia; with the reestablishment of a closed cranial compartment, the glymphatic impairment, astrocytic/microglial activation, and neurobehavioral decline caused by opening the cranial compartment might be reversed.

METHODS

Using two-photon in vivo microscopy, the pulsatility index of cortical vessels was quantified through a thinned murine skull and then again after craniectomy. Glymphatic influx was determined with ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of mice 0, 14, 28, and 56 days following craniectomy or cranioplasty; brain sections were immunohistochemically labeled for GFAP and CD68. Motor and cognitive performance was quantified with rotarod and novel object recognition tests at baseline and 14, 21, and 28 days following craniectomy or cranioplasty.

RESULTS

Penetrating arterial pulsatility decreased significantly and bilaterally following unilateral craniectomy, producing immediate and chronic impairment of glymphatic CSF influx in the ipsilateral and contralateral brain parenchyma. Craniectomy-related glymphatic dysfunction was associated with an astrocytic and microglial inflammatory response, as well as with the development of motor and cognitive deficits. Recovery of glymphatic flow preceded reduced gliosis and return of normal neurological function, and cranioplasty accelerated this recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

Craniectomy causes glymphatic dysfunction, gliosis, and changes in neurological function in this murine model of syndrome of the trephined.
Diffusivity parameters of diffusion tensor imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient as imaging markers for predicting the treatment response of patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Lee Yu-Li , Chen Shu-Tian , Yang Jen-Tsung , Weng Hsu-Huei , Wang Hsueh-Lin , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is facial pain that is usually caused by neurovascular compression syndrome and is characterized by suddenly intense and paroxysmal pain. Radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) is one of the major treatments for TN, but the treatment response for RFL is sometimes inconsistent, and the recurrence of TN is not uncommon. This study aimed to estimate the outcome predictors of TN treated with RFL by using the parameters of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

METHODS

Fifty-one patients with TN who were treated with RFL were enrolled in the study. MRI was performed in all patients within 1 week before surgery. The visual analog scale was used to evaluate symptom severity at three time points: before, 1 week after, and 3 months after RFL. The involved cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerves was manually selected, and the histograms of each of the diffusivity metrics—including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD)—were measured. The differences in the means, as well as the kurtosis and skewness of each of the diffusivity metrics between the nonrecurrent and recurrent groups, were then analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

RESULTS

There were significantly lower kurtosis values (a broader peak of the distributional curves) for both FA and ADC in the recurrent group (p = 0.0004 and 0.015, respectively), compared to the nonrecurrent group. The kurtoses of AD and RD, as well as the mean and skewness of all other diffusivity metrics, did not show significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The pretreatment diffusivity metrics of DTI and ADC may be feasible imaging biomarkers for predicting the outcome of TN after RFL. A clarification of the kurtosis value of FA and ADC is helpful for determining the prognosis of patients after RFL.
Neurosurgical ablative procedures for intractable cancer pain
Authors: Berger Assaf , Hochberg Uri , Zegerman Alexander , Tellem Rotem , Strauss Ido
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Cancer patients suffering from severe refractory pain may benefit from targeted ablative neurosurgical procedures aimed to disconnect pain pathways in the spinal cord or the brain. These patients often present with a plethora of medical problems requiring careful consideration before surgical interventions. The authors present their experience at an interdisciplinary clinic aimed to facilitate appropriate patient selection for neurosurgical procedures, and the outcome of these interventions.

METHODS

This study was a retrospective review of all patients who underwent neurosurgical interventions for cancer pain in the authors’ hospital between March 2015 and April 2018. All patients had advanced metastatic cancer with limited life expectancy and suffered from intractable oncological pain.

RESULTS

Sixty patients underwent surgery during the study period. Forty-three patients with localized pain underwent disconnection of the spinal pain pathways: 34 percutaneous-cervical and 5 open-thoracic cordotomies, 2 stereotactic mesencephalotomies, and 2 midline myelotomies. Thirty-nine of 42 patients (93%) who completed these procedures had excellent immediate postoperative pain relief. At 1 month the improvement was maintained in 30/36 patients (83%) available for follow-up. There was 1 case of hemiparesis.

Twenty patients with diffuse pain underwent stereotactic cingulotomy. Nineteen of these patients reported substantial pain relief immediately after the operation. At 1 month good pain relief was maintained in 13/17 patients (76%) available for follow-up, and good pain relief was also found at 3 months in 7/11 patients (64%). There was no major morbidity or mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

With careful patient selection and tailoring of the appropriate procedure to the patient’s pain syndrome, the authors’ experience indicates that neurosurgical procedures are safe and effective in alleviating suffering in patients with intractable cancer pain.
Lumbar disc arthroplasty versus anterior lumbar interbody fusion: 5-year outcomes for patients in the Maverick disc investigational device exemption study
Authors: Gornet Matthew F. , Burkus J. Kenneth , Dryer Randall F. , Peloza John H. , Schranck Francine W. , Copay Anne G.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Despite evidence of its safety and effectiveness, the use of lumbar disc arthroplasty has been slow to expand due in part to concerns about late complications and the risks of revision surgery associated with early devices. More recently, FDA approval of newer devices and improving reimbursements have reversed this trend in the United States. Additional long-term data on lumbar disc arthroplasty are still needed. This study reports the 5-year results of the FDA investigational device exemption clinical trial of the Medtronic Spinal and Biologics’ Maverick total disc replacement.

METHODS

Patients with single-level degenerative disc disease from L4 to S1 were randomized 2:1 at 31 investigational sites. In the period from April 2003 to August 2004, 405 patients received the investigational device and 172 patients underwent the control procedure of anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), numeric rating scales (NRSs) for back and leg pain, the SF-36, disc height, interbody motion, heterotopic ossification (investigational device), adverse events (AEs), additional surgeries, and neurological status. Treatment was considered an overall success when all of the following criteria were met: 1) ODI score improvement ≥ 15 points over the preoperative score; 2) maintenance or improvement in neurological status compared with preoperatively; 3) disc height success, that is, no more than a 2-mm reduction in anterior or posterior height; 4) no serious AEs caused by the implant or by the implant and the surgical procedure; and 5) no additional surgery classified as a failure.

RESULTS

Compared to that in the control group, improvement in the investigational group was statistically greater according to the ODI and SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) at 1, 2, and 5 years; the NRS for back pain at 1 and 2 years; and the NRS for leg pain at 1 year. The rates of heterotopic ossification increased over time: 1.0% (4/382) at 1 year, 2.6% (9/345) at 2 years, and 5.9% (11/187) at 5 years. Investigational patients had fewer device-related AEs and serious device-related AEs than the control patients at both 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Noninferiority of the composite measure overall success was demonstrated at all follow-up intervals; superiority was demonstrated at 1 and 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Lumbar disc arthroplasty is a safe and effective treatment for single-level lumbar degenerative disc disease, resulting in improved physical function and reduced pain up to 5 years after surgery.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00635843 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Redefining lumbar spinal stenosis as a developmental syndrome: does age matter?
Authors: Kitab Sameer , Habboub Ghaith , Abdulkareem Salam B. , Alimidhatti Muthanna B. , Benzel Edward
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Age is commonly thought to be a risk factor in defining lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) degenerative or developmental subtypes. This article is a follow-up to a previous article (“Redefining Lumbar Spinal Stenosis as a Developmental Syndrome: An MRI-Based Multivariate Analysis of Findings in 709 Patients Throughout the 16- to 82-Year Age Spectrum”) that describes the radiological differences between developmental and degenerative types of LSS. MRI-based analysis of “degeneration” variables and spinal canal morphometric characteristics of LSS segments have been thought to correlate with age at presentation.

METHODS

The authors performed a re-analysis of data from their previously reported prospective MRI-based study, stratifying data from the 709 cases into 3 age categories of equal size (instead of the original < 60 vs ≥ 60 years). Relative spinal canal dimensions, as well as radiological degenerative variables from L1 to S1, were analyzed across age groups in a multivariate mode. The total degenerative scale score (TDSS) for each lumbar segment from L1 to S1 was calculated for each patient. The relationships between age and qualitative stenosis grades, TDSS, disc degeneration, and facet degeneration were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression.

RESULTS

Multivariate analysis of TDSS and spinal canal dimensions revealed highly significant differences across the 3 age groups at L2–3 and L3–4 and a weaker, but still significant, association with changes at L5–S1. Age helped to explain only 9.6% and 12.2% of the variance in TDSS at L1–2 and L2–3, respectively, with a moderate positive correlation, and 7.8%, 1.2%, and 1.9% of the variance in TDSS at L3–4, L4–5, and L5–S1, respectively, with weak positive correlation. Age explained 24%, 26%, and 18.4% of the variance in lumbar intervertebral disc (LID) degeneration at L1–2, L2–3, and L3–4, respectively, while it explained only 6.2% and 7.2% of the variance of LID degeneration at L4–5 and L5–S1, respectively. Age explained only 2.5%, 4.0%, 1.2%, 0.8%, and 0.8% of the variance in facet degeneration at L1–2, L2–3, L3–4, L4–5, and L5–S1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Age at presentation correlated weakly with degeneration variables and spinal canal morphometries in LSS segments. Age correlated with upper lumbar segment (L1–4) degeneration more than with lower segment (L4–S1) degeneration. The actual chronological age of the patients did not significantly correlate with the extent of degenerative pathology of the lumbar stenosis segments. These study results lend support for a developmental contribution to LSS.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN, KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT BHINEKA BAKTI HUSADA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Sartika Dewi
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan, kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Rumah Sakit Bhineka Bakti Husada Tangerang Selatan.Metode yang gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Maka dilakukan pengujian statistik untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh diantara variabel-variabel yang diteliti dan proses perhitungan statistic lainnya dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows. Sedangkan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap pada Rumah Sakit Bhineka Bakti Husada yang berjumlah 122 orang dan menggunakan teknik sampling Slovin untuk mencari sampel yang akan digunakan untuk merandom responden, sehingga banyaknya responden dalam penelitian ini sebesar 94 responden.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi pengaruh secara parsial antara pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan yang positif sebesar t hitung 4,296 pada taraf signifikansi 0,000. Terjadi pengaruh secara parsial antara kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan yang positif sebesar t hitung 2,175 pada taraf signifikansi 0,032. Terjadi pengaruh secara parsial antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan yang positif sebesa t hitung 2,515 pada taraf signifikansi 0,014. Dan hubungan secara simultan terjadi antara pendidikan dan pelatihan, kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan yang positif sebesar f hitung 9,676 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan dan Pelatihan, Kompensasi, Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan
Assesmen Kebutuhan dan Perencanaan Kualitas Kelulusan Siswa-siswi MA. As-Syafi’iyah Mojokerto
Authors: Tamam Mohammad Badru
Published: May 2019

Schools assume greater responsibility for preparing students for college, career, and life. accountability is more than just a series of narrow testing and reporting for narrow competency levels. Learning interest in learning and the need to learn how education is increasingly committed to creating learning-centered environments where institutions work actively to help students learn, and assessment of student learning is very important to understand and measure the success of these efforts. The quality of student graduation at MA As-Shafi'iyah. 1) In assessing educational needs to achieve quality education, there are three components, namely students, parents and community members, educators and components involved in the educational process. Besides learning planning also needs to be considered because planning will affect the quality of graduates. 2) Assessment and evaluation are a serious and integral part of the teaching process, which affects not only students, but teachers, the community, and the entire educational environment. 3) one being hypothesized is that informal assessment methods are often used rather than provide more controlled arrangements. Depending on how they are used, the format for informal and formal assessments can include teacher observation of students, oral questions, journal entries, portfolio entries, exit cards, skills inventory, homework assignments, project products, student opinions, interest surveys, referenced criteria , or norm-based tests
Growth Response of Two Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Stem Cuttings on Application of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid)
Authors: Wulandari Rizky , Hasanah Yaya , Meiriani Meiriani
Published: May 2019

Using fruit branch for pepper shrub propagation is one of alternatives for an efficient pepper multiplication which usually uses underlayer cuttings. This research is aimed at finding the growth response of two pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cuttings to the administration of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid). This research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan (± 32 m above sea level), from April to August 2017 using a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors, pepper branch cuttings (primary branch cuttings and secondary branch cuttings) and the administration of IBA and NAA (0+0 ppm, 2500+0 ppm, 0+2500 ppm, 1500+1000 ppm, and 1000+1500 ppm). The results show that the emerging shoot rate in the secondary branch cuttings was significantly faster than in the primary branch cuttings, but the volume of root in the primary branch cuttings is significantly larger than in the secondary branch cuttings. There was no significant difference in the administration of IBA and NAA on all observed variables. The highest interaction of shoot length was found in the  primary branch cuttings with the administration of  IBA 1500 ppm + NAA 1000 ppm and the highest percentage of root and root volume was found in the primary branch cuttings with the administration of IBA 2500 ppm + NAA 0 ppm.
Effect of the Extraction Solvent Polarity and the Ratio of Feed and Solvent on the Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum)
Authors: Rahardjo Monika , Mangalik Gelora , Sihombing Monang , Da Costa Junet Franzisca
Published: May 2019

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is a plant growing in tropical areas and previously known as an ornamental plant, but then later used as medicinal plant. Previous researches found that red betel leaves contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and many more that have potential to be used as antioxidant. The extractions were carried out using variations of solvent types (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate) and feed to solvent (F:S) ratios in g/ml (F:S=1:20, F:S=1:25, F:S=1:30). The best conditions from this research were the usage of ethanol as the solvent. In addition to its ability to extract the compounds potential as antioxidant and F:S ratio of 1:30, it could give highest yield of extract. Variation of solvent type and variation of F:S have significant effect on the value of antioxidant activity (IC50) of the red betel leaf sample.
Analysis on Soy-Yamgurt Potential as Antidiabetic in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Rats
Authors: Kwanariesta Jessica , Rusmarilin Herla , Suhaidi Ismed
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to determine the potential of soy-yamgurt probiotics drink from the mixture of yam and soy extract with a ratio of 1: 1 in reducing the fasting blood glucose level of rats induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Based on the analysis of chemical and phytochemical characteristics of soy-yamgurt, it was found that it has water content (80.97%), total solids (18.85%), protein content (11.95%), total lactic acid (1.03%), viscosity (20.56 Pa.s), lactic acid bacteria (10.22 log CFU/g), fiber content (0.98%), IC50 value (44.99 μg/ml), total phenol (711.90 μgGAE/g) and total flavonoids (1345.73 μgQE/g). The in vivo test used thirty 10-16 week old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 160-200 g divided into 5 groups: P1 (control), P2 (streptozotocin-nicotinamide), P3 (glibenclamide of 0.45 mg/kg body weight), P4 (3 ml of soy-yamgurt) and P5 (3.5 ml of soy-yamgurt).The results showed that the soy-yamgurt at the doses of 3 ml/160 g body weight and 3.5 ml/160 g body weight for 4 weeks in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rats had significantly (P<0.01) lowered blood glucose levels and increased their weight.
Legume Plant Growth at Various Levels of Drought Stress Treatment
Authors: Sinamo Veronica , Hanafi Nevy Diana , Wahyuni Tri Hesty
Published: May 2019

A strategic alternative step for the development of cultivation of feed crops is to optimize the use of dry land that has the potential for agricultural and livestock business. One of the forage plants that has good adaptation to less good soil condition and is a pioneer plant, Pueraria javanica legume, so it can be considered as a potential alternative forage as animal feed. The research aims at determining the effect of various levels of drought stress treatment on the plant hight, fresh matter production, dry matter production and root biomass of Pueraria javanica legume. The experiment was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were A1 (25% field capacity (FC)=144 ml/polybag, A2 (50% FC)=288 ml/polybag and A3 (100% FC)=576 ml/polybag. The results show that Pueraria javanica legume can survive and grow up to severe drought stress (25% FC) but the crop production does not increase when compared to the field capacity condition; besides, the legume cannot survive longer in drought condition. The volume of water supplied corresponding to the field capacity makes the plant growth better.
Performance of Broilers and Native Chickens Fed with Unfermented and Fermented Arenga Waste
Authors: Nurmi Aisyah , Harahap Nurainun , Santi Melia Afnida
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this research were to study the performances of broilers and native chicken given arenga waste (APAF) fermentation by Saccaromyces cerevisiae and arenga waste unfermentation (APA) in the ration. Sixty day-old chicks of broiler Arbor Acres strain and sixty native chicken were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (10 birds/replicate). Design of this experiment was completely randomized design factorial 2x2, with factor A was feeding (A1 = arenga waste unfermentation, A2 = arenga waste fermentation), and factor B was chickens type (B1=native chicken, B2=broilers). The variables observed were: daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion. The results showed that the performances of the broiler given fed with unfermented and fermented arenga waste showing no significant differences between all treatments.  The results showed that there is an interaction between feeding and chicken type was no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion from this research of using fermented and unfermented arenga waste until level of 2.5% in ration showed no significant differences in the performance.
Prevalence of Helminthiasis in Slaughterhouse Medan
Authors: Ritonga Mudhita Zikkrullah , Putra Andhika
Published: May 2019

Factors affecting the success of the livestock business are feed and disease control. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis in Slaughterhouse Mabar Medan City. The type of this research is survey research with portrait and analysis of a condition of cattle condition that will be slaughterhoused in Slaughterhouse Mabar Medan City in a certain time. The design of this study is observation or direct observation to the field to see the existing events without intervening from the researcher. The sampling technique is determined by purposive sampling (purposive determination of respondents). Methods of data retrieval is done by observation method that is data retrieval method done by systematically record the result of observation to the events investigated during the research. The result of research in Slaughterhouse Mabar Medan city shows that the prevalence of helminthiasis is 0%. From this result shows the cows that were slaughtered by Slaughterhouse Mabar Medan City is free from the parasitic worm disease.
Preservation Technique of Dwarf Elephant Grass Cuttings (Pennisetum purpureum CV mott.)
Authors: P Desy Valentina , Hanafi Nevy Diana , Wahyuni Tri Hesti , Sadeli Achmad
Published: May 2019

The breeding of dwarf elephant grass generally uses vegetative methods, namely using cuttings. The constraints faced and the distribution of cuttings are the nature of which are easily damaged during storage due to physiological activities and invasion of microorganisms. This study aims to find a number of preservation techniques that can maintain the age and quality of dwarf elephant grass cuttings (Pennisetum purpureum cv mott.). This research was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sumatera Utara, starts from July to August 2018. The design used is a 5 x 5 factorial complete randomized design (RAL), with 4 replications each consisting of 3 cuttings. The results showed that the general condition of the cuttings planting material was better until storage for 20 days, namely A4; the average shrinkage weight of the cuttings is significantly different in the A4 (refrigerator) treatment that is equal to 1.532 and the longer it is stored the higher the weight loss; the average power grows is significantly different in treatment A1 (wax) which is equal to 1.950 and the longer it is stored the lower the power to grow cuttings. The average vertical height is significantly different from the A1 treatment (wax) with a value of 10,585.
Isolation and Identification of Osmophilic Yeast from unripe Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)
Authors: Suhartatik Nanik , Nurjanah Mimin , Kuswanto Kapti Rahayu
Published: May 2019

Osmophilic yeast are microbes that are able to live on media with high sugar concentrations. Some types of osmophilic yeast can break down organic compounds, for example, starch. This research was aimed to isolate and identify existing osmophilic yeast in unripe jackfruits. In this research, the unripe jackfruit was left rotting and 2.5 g of the sample were taken to be solved in 25 ml 0.85% NaCl and diluted. The GYP (glucose-yeast-peptone) agar medium with the glucose concentration of 30–50% was suitable for osmophilic yeast growth. Isolate purification was performed using the streaking method from single colony. Isolates were identified based on physiological and morphological characteristics. The physiological characterization were carried out by running sugar assimilation test on the tool kit API 20C AUX, while the morphological characterization was carried out by performing macroscopic and microscopic observations. Four isolates were assumed to be Candida lambica, 3 isolates were assumed to be Candida rugosa and two isolates were assumed to be Geotrichum candidum. It was found out that 44.4% of yeast in the unripe jackfruit were Candida lambica, 33.3% was Candida rugosa and 22.2% was Geotrichum candidum. Candida lambica was the most common osmophilic yeast found in the jackfruit.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Farmers' Decisions in Applying Organic Vegetable Farming
Authors: Sanjaya Kris Indra , Prihtanti Tinjung Mary
Published: May 2019

Farming with organic systems is one of the important efforts to support sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence farmers to decide to implement organic vegetable farming. This research was conducted in June 2018 until September 2018 in Selongisor Hamlet, Batur Village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency. Taking this research was conducted on a non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique with the required criteria, namely respondents who cultivated in multicultural/intercropping. Samples taken were 60 samples consisting of 30 samples for each system both organic and inorganic. The research analysis used logistic regression, where the independent variables analyzed included age, education level, farm area, farm income, cosmopolitan farmers. The results showed the influence of land area, farmer's income and cosmopolitan farmer's decision making in cultivating organic vegetables.
Analysis of Smallholders’ Progress in Implementing Sustainable Management in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Chalil Diana , Barus Riantri
Published: May 2019

The significant increase in oil palm areas has resulted in more concerns to the environmental issues - as majority of farming activities were not conducted in sustainable ways. To address the environmental issues, the Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) organization has formulated principles and criterias (PnC) for sustainable practices of the oil palm plantation as a guideline, whereby it has to be adhered by all parties involved, including the smallholders. The study is therefore conducted to analyze the sustainable management implementation among smallholders in North Sumatra. In total, 320 and 137 schemed and independent smallholders from four oil palm plantations centers in North Sumatra were interviewed in 2012 and 2018 to see their progress. The levels of implementation for each group were determined based on their scores for each of the criteria, and were compared with the independent sample t-test. The influencing factors for implementation levels were estimated by using multinomial logit model. The results showed that the level of implementation for both schemed and independent smallholders were still low in both 2012 and 2018. Education, experience and participation were identified as factors that significantly influenced their sustainable management implementation levels. Therefore, it is suggested that trainings should be emphasized to improve the sustainable management implemenatation among oil palm smallholders.
Premagic and Ideal Flow Matrices
Authors: Teknomo Kardi
Published: May 2019

Several interesting properties of a special type of matrix that has a row sum equal to the column sum are shown with the proofs. Premagic matrix can be applied to strongly connected directed network graph due to its nodes conservation flow. Relationships between Markov Chain, ideal flow and random walk on directed graph are also discussed.
Analisa Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kari (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
Authors: Mustanir Mustanir , Al-Qarana Tara Rizki , Gusvianna Hilda , Saidi Nurdin
Published: May 2019

Daun M. koenigii sangat umum digunakan sebagai rempah dalam berbagai masakan di Aceh, namun pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pentingnya daun M. koenigii perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat ditingkatkan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakterial daun M. koenigii terhadap bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus serta uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil). Uji antibakterial dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram, dan hasilnya ekstrak etil asetat menghasilkan zona hambat yang lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak metanol dan n-heksana. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi 1, 5 dan 10 % secara berturut-turut adalah 8,7; 7,7 dan 6,7 mm terhadap E. coli, dan 12,8 ;10,7 dan 8,0 mm terhadap S. aureus. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak metanol dan nheksana secara berturut-turut berdasarkan nilai IC50 yaitu 23; 50,54; dan 64,70 ppm. Berdasarkan kromatografi kolom diperoleh 8 (A-H) subfraksi dan subfraksi G menunjukan aktifitas antioksidan yang paling kuat sebesar 14,41 ppm

 

Murraya koenigii (M. koenigi) leaves are very commonly used as spices in various cuisines in Aceh, but people's understanding of the importance of M. koenigi leaves needs to be improved, so it can be utilized better. In this study, the antibacterial activity of M. koenigii leaves was carried out against E. coli and S. aureus and antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals (1,1- Diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil). Antibacterial tests were carried out using the disc diffusion method, and as a result, the ethyl acetate extract produced a larger inhibition zone than the methanol and n-hexane extracts. The inhibition zones produced at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% were 8.7; 7.7 and 6.7 mm against E. coli, and 12.8; 10.7 and 8.0 mm against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extract had the strongest antioxidant activity compared to methanol and nexexane extracts based on IC50 values, 23; 50; 54; and 64.70 ppm. Based on column chromatography obtained, 8 (A-H) subfraction and subfraction G showed the strongest antioxidant activity of 14.41 ppm.
Konversi Oil Palm Frond (OPF) Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol Dengan Proses Pretreatment Organosolv dan Hidrolisa Asam
Authors: Saisa Saisa , Husin Husni , Mahidin Mahidin
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan pelepah sawit sebagai sumber holoselulosa yang dikonversi menjadi bahan baku bioetanol (gula total). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses pretreatment organosolv berpelarut etanol dan hidrolisa asam terhadap konversi pelapah sawit menjadi gula. Proses pembuatan gula dari pelepah sawit diawali dengan melakukan proses delignifikasi dan dilanjuti dengan proses hidrolisa. Proses delignifikasi berlangsung pada kondisi dengan variasi konsentrasi etanol 35%, 55%, 75%, dan 90% v/v temperatur 100 dan 120 °C dan waktu reaksi 60 dan 90 menit. Selanjutnya untuk proses hidrolisa menggunakan asam sulfat dengan variasi konsentrasi 1%, temperatur 60, 70, 80, 90 dan 100 °C dan waktu reaksi 15, 30, 45, 60 dan 75 menit. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pada kondisi delignifikasi dengan konsentrasi C2H5OH 75%, temperatur 120 °C, selama 60 menit, serta 1% katalis (H2SO4) dan pada kondisi hidrolisa H2SO4 1%, waktu 30 menit, dan temperatur 90 °C diperoleh yield total gula tertinggi sebesar 93,65 mg/L.

 

This study used palm fronds as a source of holocellulose which was converted into bioethanol raw material (total sugar). This study aimed to study the organosolv pretreatment process with ethanol solution and acid hydrolysis towards the conversion of palm fronds oil into sugar. The process of sugar production of palm fronds began with a delignification process and continued with the hydrolysis process. The delignification process took place in conditions with variations in ethanol concentration of 35%, 55%, 75%, and 90% (v/v) temperatures of 100 and 120°C and reaction times of 60 and 90 minutes. Furthermore, the hydrolysis process used sulfuric acid with a variation of 1% concentration, temperature 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C and reaction time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes. The results showed that in the delignification conditions with a concentration of C2H5OH 75%, temperature of 120°C, for 60 minutes, and 1% catalyst (H2SO4) and hydrolysis conditions H2SO4 1%, 30 minutes time, and the temperature of 90°C, the highest total sugar yield of 93.65 mg/L was obtained.
Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat Dan N-Heksana Batang myristica Fragrans
Authors: Damayanti Rizki , Ervilita Ria
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia terhadap batang Myristica fragrans. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan diantaranya adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, dan terpenoid/ steroid. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol batangMyristica fragrans menunjukkan adanya kandungan flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid/ steroid. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan adanya falvonoid dan terpenoid/ steroid sedangkan pada ekstrak n-heksana menujukkan adanya senyawa terpenoid/ steroid. Senyawa-senyawa kimia yang tidak terdapat pada ketiga ekstrak dengan variasi pelarut daun Myristica fragrans adalah senyawa alkaloid dan fenolik.

 

Phytochemical screening tests on the stem of Myristica fragrans have been carried out. Phytochemical tests were included alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and terpenoids/steroids. The results of the phytochemical screening test of ethanol extract from the stem of Myristica fragrans showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids/steroids. The results of phytochemical screening on ethyl acetate extract showed phalvonoid and terpenoids/steroids whereas n-hexane extract showed terpenoids/steroids. Chemical compounds which were not found in the three extracts with a variety of solvent leaves Myristica fragrans were alkaloid and phenolic compounds.
Pra Rencana Pabrik High Fructose Syrup Dari Menir
Authors: Djoa Dominikus Djago , Hadi Bambang Susila , Mahayasa I Gede Aryana
Published: May 2019

Tujuan pendirian pabrik ini adalah : Pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan pemanis sirup fruktosa di dalam negeri, meningkatkan devisa negara di sektor industry, memperluas volume produktifitas terutama bagi industri yang memerlukan sirup fruktosa. Proses pembuatan HFS dari menir dengan cara isomerisasi dibagi menjadi tiga tahap : pretreatment, hidrolisa dan isomerisasi menggunakan enzim glucoisomerisasi. Aspek kelayakan pra rencana pabrik HFS : (1) aspek ekonomi yaitu Pay Out Time, Rate of Return dan Break even Point; (2) aspek proses; (3) aspek teknik; (4) aspek manajemen perusahaan. Pra rencana pabrik HFS dalam perencanaan adalah semi kontinyu, 24 jam per hari dengan 300 hari kerja/tahun, kapasitas produksi 9475,76 ton sirup/tahun, bahan baku 2700 ton menir/tahun, konsumsi air 2308 m3/hari, steam 663 ton/hari dan listrik 150 KVA, pembiayaan modal tetap Rp. 16,17 M dan modal kerja Rp. 3,3M, hasil penjualan Rp. 23,69 M, investasi total pada akhir masa konstruksi Rp. 21,32M, laju pengembalian modal 17,83%, waktu pengembalian modal 4,41 tahun, titik impas 40,52% dan masa konstruksi 2 tahun. Secara keseluruhan dipandang dari segi teknis maupun ekonomi dapat dikatakan pra rencana pabrik High Fructose Syrup dari menir dapat dilanjutkan ke dalam tahap perencanaan.

 

The purpose of the establishment of the factory was to meet the needs of fructose syrup in the country, increasing the country's foreign exchange in the industrial sector, expanding the productivity volume especially for industries that requires fructose syrup. The process of making high fructose syrup (HFS) from the menir by isomerization was divided into three stages: pretreatment, hydrolysis, and isomerization using glucoisomerization enzymes. Pre-feasibility aspects of HFS factory plans were: (1) economic aspects Pay Out Time, Rate of Return and Break even Point; (2) process aspects; (3) technical aspects; (4) aspects of company management. The pre plan of the HFS factory in planning was semi-continuous, 24 hours per day with 300 working days/year, production capacity of 9475.76 tons of syrup/year, raw material of 2,700 tons of menir/year, water consumption of 2,308 m3/day, steam of 663 tons/days and 150 KVA electricity, fixed capital financing of Rp. 16.17 M and working capital of Rp. 3.3M, sales of Rp. 23.69 M, Rp. 21.32M of total investment at the end of the construction period, 17.83%, rate of return on capital, 4.41 years of capital payback period, 40.52% break-even point and 2 year construction period. Overall, in terms of technical and economic aspects, it could be said that the pre-plan of the High Fructose Syrup plant from menir could be continued into the planning stage.