bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketones and the Heart: Metabolic Principles and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Matsuura Timothy R. , Puchalska Patrycja , Crawford Peter A. , Kelly Daniel P.
Published: March 2023

The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are hepatically produced metabolites catabolized in extrahepatic organs. Ketone bodies are a critical cardiac fuel and have diverse roles in the regulation of cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, and cellular crosstalk in multiple organs that mediate disease. This review focuses on the role of cardiac ketone metabolism in health and disease with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of ketosis as a treatment for heart failure (HF). Cardiac metabolic reprogramming, characterized by diminished mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, contributes to cardiac dysfunction and pathologic remodeling during the development of HF. Growing evidence supports an adaptive role for ketone metabolism in HF to promote normal cardiac function and attenuate disease progression. Enhanced cardiac ketone utilization during HF is mediated by increased availability due to systemic ketosis and a cardiac autonomous upregulation of ketolytic enzymes. Therapeutic strategies designed to restore high-capacity fuel metabolism in the heart show promise to address fuel metabolic deficits that underpin the progression of HF. However, the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of ketone bodies in HF have yet to be defined and represent important future lines of inquiry. In addition to use as an energy substrate for cardiac mitochondrial oxidation, ketone bodies modulate myocardial utilization of glucose and fatty acids, two vital energy substrates that regulate cardiac function and hypertrophy. The salutary effects of ketone bodies during HF may also include extra-cardiac roles in modulating immune responses, reducing fibrosis, and promoting angiogenesis and vasodilation. Additional pleotropic signaling properties of beta-hydroxybutyrate and AcAc are discussed including epigenetic regulation and protection against oxidative stress. Evidence for the benefit and feasibility of therapeutic ketosis is examined in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, ongoing clinical trials are reviewed for perspective on translation of ketone therapeutics for the treatment of HF.
Külliyât Eserlerinden Osmanli Vakiflarina Bakış
Authors: ELİK Yasemin
Published: March 2023

Osmanlı vakıflarının temel görevi, kamusal niteliği olan pek çok hizmeti Osmanlı toplumuna sunmaktır. Eğitimden sağlığa, sosyal güvenlikten diyanet ve bayındırlığa, sosyal yardıma kadar pek çok görev ifa eden vakıflar, Osmanlı toplumu için büyük önem arz eden müesseseler olmuşlardır. Çalışma; seçilmiş arşiv kaynakları olan Ahkâm Defterleri çerçevesinde vakıfları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında toplam 677 tane hüküm incelenmiştir. Kaynaklar incelendiğinde vakıfların XVIII. yüzyıl sonları ve XIX. yüzyıl başlarında da; öncesinde olduğu gibi ekonomik, mali ve sosyal açılardan toplumu etkiledikleri görülmüştür. Kira ve kiracılık, vakıf yerin tasarrufu ve istibdâli, vakfa müdahale ya da vakfın müdahalesi ve vakfın ve kiracının yapmış olduğu tamir ve onarımlar ile ilgili konular bu etkileşim alanlarından bazılarıdır. Nihai olarak vakıfların, Evkaf Nezareti’ne bağlanarak denetimlerinin tekleştirilmesine kadar; Osmanlı toplumunu ekonomik, mali ve sosyal açılardan etkilediği Ahkâm Defterleri ile doğrulanmıştır.
Kitle Fonlaması İslami Finansın Geleceği mi?
Authors: CANBAZ Muhammet Fatih
Published: March 2023

Kitle fonlaması gelişmiş ülkelerde son 20 yılda, Türkiye’de ise son birkaç yılda özkaynak finansmanı aracı olarak büyük ilgi uyandırmaktadır. Kitle fonlaması, bir girişimin çevrimiçi platformlar aracılığıyla yatırımcılara açık çağrı ile sunularak sermaye talep etme ve toplama sistemidir. Bu aracı geleneksel finansmandan ayıran en temel özellik; yatırımcıların her zaman uzman yatırımcılar olmayışı, internet erişimine sahip olan, küçük tutarlarda da olsa bir girişime ortak olmak isteyen basit insanlardan oluşmasıdır. Bu özelliği yatırımcı olmayı tabana yayarken yöntemi geleneksel muadillerinden de farklı kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, alternatif finansın gelişimiyle ortaya çıkan kitle fonlamasının İslam ekonomisi ve finansı kaideleriyle benzerliklerinin ortaya koyularak yöntemin İslami finansın geleceği olup olamayacağının araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda kitle fonlamasının geleneksel finans kabullerini değiştiren yönleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; kitle fonlamasının İslami finans ile birçok ortak özelliği olduğu ve İslami finansa uyumunun kolay olacağı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak bu noktada Şeriat’e uyum konusunda çerçeve metinlerin hazırlanması ve farkındalık çalışmaları gibi önemli ön hazırlık safhalarının tamamlanması gerekmektedir. İslami kitle fonlaması platformlarının henüz Müslüman toplumlarda yeterli sayıda ortaya çıkmamış olması ve İslami kaidelere uygun girişim projelerinin test edilememiş olması çalışmanın kısıtlarındandır.
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES ON BRAND IMAGE AND BUYING BEHAVIOUR: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY-MALAYSIA COCA-COLA CONSUMERS
Authors: KILIÇ Hilal , TÜRKER Onur , YURTSEVER Ahmet Esad , OHAJİONU Uchechi Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Today, brands benefit from marketing communication tools while communicating with their target audience. Corporate Social Responsibility activities are considered one of these tools. These activities also form a part of the marketing strategies of the brands. This study comparatively examines the extent to which the corporate social responsibility activities of the Coca-Cola brand, one of the most important global brands in the world, affect the buying behaviour of the target audience. When the literature is examined, it has been determined that there is no academic study in this field. With this study, it has been found that the brand's corporate social responsibility initiatives have an impact on customers' buying decisions as a result of a comparative examination of consumers in the two countries.
Üniversite Eğitimi Alan Yabancı Öğrencilerin Türkiye ve Turizm Kavramına Yönelik Metaforik Algıları
Authors: KÖŞKER Hasan
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’de üniversite eğitimi alan yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin Türkiye ve turizm kavramına yönelik algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla tespit etmek ve bu metaforları kategorik olarak sınıflandırmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi’nde eğitim alan yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak 124 geçerli formdan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz ve yorumlaması içerik analizi tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye kavramına yönelik en çok tekrarlanan metaforlar; misafirperver, tarih, güzel bir ülke, ikinci vatanım ve turan olmuştur. Turizm kavramına yönelik en çok tekrarlanan metaforlar ise; deniz, gezmek, para, eğlence, gelir kaynağı, ekonomik kaynak ve deniz-kum-güneş olmuştur. Metaforların kategorik sınıflandırılmasında katılımcıların Türkiye’ye yönelik geliştirdiği metaforların daha çok aidiyet ile tarihi ve kültürel algıya yönelik olduğu, turizme yönelik geliştirilen metaforların ise daha çok klasik ve ekonomik algıya yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Karşıt Kamusal Alan Olarak Gecekondu ve Toplumsal Hareketlere Türk Sinemasından Bakmak
Authors: GÜNGÖR KILIÇ Esra
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin 1970’li yıllarında yaşanan gecekondulaşmayı karşıt kamusal alanlar olarak konumlandırarak, sinemanın imgeleri aracılığıyla gecekondularda gerçekleşen yıkıma karşı direniş pratiklerini toplumsal hareketler literatürüne içkin kavramlarla analiz etmek; sosyal bir anlam yaratmaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak öncelikle, sosyolojik bir olgu olarak iç göç ve gecekondulaşmaya değinilmiştir. Bu bağlamdan yola çıkılarak, gecekondulaşmanın kent çeperlerinde meydana getirdiği kendilerine içkin kamusal alanlar, karşıt kamusal alan literatürü içerisinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kültürel bir ürün olarak sinemanın toplumsal olan ile ilişkisi sonucunda gecekondu hareketlerine dair görünür kıldığı direniş pratiklerinin incelenmesinde ise sosyolojik film analizi kullanılmıştır. Filmlerin analizinden elde edilen bulgular ışığında, gecekondu bölgelerinde yaşayanların toplumsal hareketler açısından birbirinden farklılaşan eylem/direniş örnekleri gösterdiğine ulaşılmıştır. Filmlerde açığa çıkan ortak vurgu ise bireysel olarak başlayan direnişin toplumsal bir sürece dönüşme potansiyelini barındırdığıdır.
Interdependent Self-Organizing Mechanisms for Cooperative Survival
Authors: Scott Matthew , Pitt Jeremy
Published: March 2023

Cooperative survival “games” are situations in which, during a sequence of catastrophic events, no one survives unless everyone survives. Such situations can be further exacerbated by uncertainty over the timing and scale of the recurring catastrophes, while the resource management required for survival may depend on several interdependent subgames of resource extraction, distribution, and investment with conflicting priorities and preferences between survivors. In social systems, self-organization has been a critical feature of sustainability and survival; therefore, in this article we use the lens of artificial societies to investigate the effectiveness of socially constructed self-organization for cooperative survival games. We imagine a cooperative survival scenario with four parameters: scale, that is, n in an n-player game; uncertainty, with regard to the occurrence and magnitude of each catastrophe; complexity, concerning the number of subgames to be simultaneously “solved”; and opportunity, with respect to the number of self-organizing mechanisms available to the players. We design and implement a multiagent system for a situation composed of three entangled subgames—a stag hunt game, a common-pool resource management problem, and a collective risk dilemma—and specify algorithms for three self-organizing mechanisms for governance, trading, and forecasting. A series of experiments shows, as perhaps expected, a threshold for a critical mass of survivors and also that increasing dimensions of uncertainty and complexity require increasing opportunity for self-organization. Perhaps less expected are the ways in which self-organizing mechanisms may interact in pernicious but also self-reinforcing ways, highlighting the need for some reflection as a process in collective self-governance for cooperative survival.
Human-Animal Reincarnation and Animal Grief in Kabbalah: Joseph of Hamadan’s Contribution
Authors: Sachs-Shmueli Leore
Published: March 2023

In thirteenth-century Castile, the kabbalist R. Joseph of Hamadan offered an unprecedented articulation of the idea of reincarnation (gilgul), proposing that Jewish men could be reborn as gentiles, women, or even animals. This article studies the formation of the Jewish belief in the transmigration of human souls into animal bodies, focusing on the question of animal pain. It contextualizes the kabbalistic literary treatment of animals by examining the thirteenth-century European genre of bestiaries, which attempted to instill proper morals in readers by associating animals with sinners. Although the idea of animal reincarnation led kabbalists to treat animals as creatures with human souls, it did not lead to a fundamental or radical shift in the treatment of animals.
A Musical Mash-Up of Phrynichus Tragicus and New Music in Aristophanes’ Birds
Authors: Lewis Amy S.
Published: March 2023

I argue that in the ode and antode of Birds (737–52 and 769–84), Aristophanes presents a ‘mash-up’ of the early tragic songs of Phrynichus and the late fifth-century New Music. I analyze the comic presentation of both in Aristophanes and other comic poets to show that while they are contextually distinct, there is evidence of some musical congruity that renders them a fitting pair for combination in a mash-up. Regarding the ode and antode of Birds, I argue that despite the Phrynichean style of the songs, their meta-musical discourse shows a New Music poetics. I identify the New Musical aspect of the songs in the figure of the nightingale-aulete and the bird-noise refrains. Contextualizing the mash-up in the comic plot, I suggest that it constitutes a comic musical commentary on the play’s politics.
The Evolutionary Pentatonism in Nicomachus, the Extant Fragments and an Ancient Greek Musical Praxis
Authors: Katsanevaki Athina
Published: March 2023

Pentatonism in ancient Greek music refers to so called ‘gapped scales’, quoted by Pseudo-Aristotle, Pseudo-Plutarch, Nicomachus and Aristides Quintilianus. In the case of Nicomachus, the interchangeabilities of pitches and positions of notes, with the musical nomenclature, make the text incomprehensible. These extracts have already been analyzed by Chailley (1956, 1968), Barker (1989, 2007) and Franklin (2019). It is important though, to shift from the Western concept of music in order to unfold the musical process revealed in the texts. Ethnomusicological research reveals a network of musical dialects which follows an evolutionary process and suggests new possible interpretations: it breaks down the predominant concept of the theory of the cycle of the fifths and leads to a ‘flexible’ pentatonism, produced by focal points created by a ‘building up’ or ‘making’ of musical scales. Additionally, the critical approach of the extant fragments in the environs of the field of Ethnomusicology offers new interpretations for an ancient Greek musical praxis.
Report of intersex individuals from a southeastern Chinese Choroterpes facialis (Gillies, 1951) population (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)
Authors: YANG QING-YI , LI JING , ZHOU CHANG-FA
Published: March 2023

Previously there were only three cases of mayfly gynandromorphism reported from Asia, occurring in the families Baetidae and Heptageniidae. Here, we report two intersex individuals of Choroterpes facialis (Gillies, 1951) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from southeastern China. They have similar external morphologies (each having two different eyes, two shortened penes, and female sternum IX) but with one being predominately male and the other being predominately female (one with eggs in the abdomen, but the other apparently with sperm). We believe this to be the first report of a feminized male individual. This phenomenon implies their intersexuality is caused by some similar reasons, such as temperature or parasitism. Remarkably, two intersex specimens found among 1,736 normal individuals shows that gynandromorphism does occur rarely, and only six normal males in the sampling suggest the species C. facialis is partially parthenogenetic at least.
Taxonomy of the mediseorsa species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Adelidae)
Authors: SUN HAO , LI HOUHUN
Published: March 2023

The mediseorsa species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 is proposed to accomodate four new species: N. mediangusa sp. nov., N. longiuga sp. nov., N. longissima sp. nov. and N. mediseorsa sp. nov. The diagnostic characters to distinguish the group are provided. Images of adults and genitalia of the new species are given.
Descriptions of Leptolaimus sinensis sp. nov. and Perspiria brevicaudata sp. nov. (Nematoda) from the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: CHU MENGDI , HAO YINGDONG , HUANG YONG
Published: March 2023

Two new free-living marine nematodes which were collected at silt beach of Rizhao along the Yellow Sea are identified here as Leptolaimus sinensis sp. nov. and Perspiria brevicaudata sp. nov. Leptolaimus sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by annulated cuticle with lateral alae, 2 µm in width; buccal cavity cylindrical; cephalic setae 2 µm long; amphidial fovea unispiral, circular in outline; six to seven evenly spaced tubular precloacal supplements and 23–29 continuous alveolar supplements extending from cloaca to level of the base of buccal cavity; spicules slender, slightly arcuate; gubernaculum with dorso-caudal apophysis; tail conico-cylindrical, about 6 times cloacal body diameter in males and elongated in females, about 9 times anal body diameter in length. Perspiria brevicaudata sp. nov. is characterized by having four cephalic setae and four cervical setae; small buccal cavity with dorsal tooth and minute ventral tooth; amphidial fovea unispiral, looking like double circle in outline, surrounded partially by cuticle striations; spicules arcuate with ventral velum, handle-like proximally and tapered distally; gubernaculum plate-shaped, without apophysis; twelve winged precloacal supplements present. Updated identification keys for group of Leptolaimus species characterized by the presence of both alveolar and tubular precloacal supplements and for species of Perspiria are also given.
Three new species of the genus Spinadesha Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from Vietnam
Authors: OANH NGUYEN THI , LONG KHUAT DANG , NGHIEP HOANG THI
Published: March 2023

This paper contains descriptions and illustrations of three new species of the genus Spinadesha Quicke from Vietnam, viz. Spinadesha alia Long, sp. nov., S. crista Long, sp. nov. and S. intermedia Long, sp. nov. The genus Spinadesha is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, and a key to the species of Spinadesha is provided.
Limited Resources at a Community Based Level 1 Trauma Center: Does This Affect Pelvic Angioembolization Times During Daylight Hours versus after Hours, Weekends, and Holidays?
Authors: Aukerman William , Simunich Thomas , Boer Justin , Dumire Russell
Published: March 2023

Hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures require swift intervention due to the high mortality of their injuries. A delay in embolization of these patients significantly affects survival. We therefore, hypothesized that there would be a significant difference between time to embolization at our larger rural Level 1 Trauma Center. This study investigated the relationship between interventional radiology (IR) order time to IR procedure start time over 2 time periods at our large, rural Level 1 Trauma Center with those having sustained a traumatic pelvic fracture requiring IR, and having been identified as being in shock. The current study found no statistically significant difference from time from order to IR start between the 2 cohorts (Mann–Whitney U test, P = .902). The results suggest we are delivering a consistent standard of care at our institution for pelvic trauma, based on IR order time to start of the procedure.
Incidence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Newborn Infants: Five Years’ Single-Center Experience, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Qurashi Mansour , Alahmadi Shima , Mustafa Ahmed , Aga Syed Sameer , Al Hindi Mohammed , Ahmed Abrar , Mohammad Hadeel , ElSharabasy Rasha , Abed Sara , AlThubaiti Iman , Alrashdi Nabila
Published: March 2023

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are inherited biochemical/metabolic disorders that are commonly present in the immediate neonatal period. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence and distribution of IEMs in newborn infants delivered in our hospital and to evaluate its outcome. A total of 16 494 (99.9%) newborn infants were screened for IEMs. We found 29 newborn infants diagnosed with IEMs, representing an incidence of 1 per ~569 live births and a cumulative incidence of 176 per 100 000 live births of the IEM-positive newborn infants. We detected 11 different types of IEMs, and the top 6 categories were endocrinopathies followed by carbohydrates disorders, vitamin-responsive disorders, organic acid defects, and ketogenesis and ketolysis defects. This study does reflect upon the importance of educating the general population about the perils of Consanguineous Marriages (CMs) in order to reduce related disorders significantly, especially in families who have a history of IEMs.
Seventy-Two-Hour Reutilization After Telemedicine Visits in Academic Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Reilly Kristen , Walters Jessica , Xu Yingying , Burkhardt Mary Carol
Published: March 2023

Telemedicine has expanded due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the health care usage after telemedicine visits compared with similar in-person visits is not known. This study compared the 72-hour health care reutilization after telemedicine visits and in-person acute encounters in a pediatric primary care office. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed in a single quaternary pediatric health care system between March 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020. Reutilization information was collected for 72 hours following the index visit and included subsequent encounters within the health care system. The 72-hour reutilization rate for telemedicine encounters was 4.1% compared with 3.9% for in-person acute visits. Of revisits, patients who had a telemedicine visit most often sought additional care at the medical home, and patients with an in-person visit most often sought additional care to the emergency department or urgent care. Telemedicine does not result in higher total health care reutilization.
Post-colonial gaslighting and Greenlandic independence: When ontological insecurity sustains hierarchy
Authors: Hansen Emil Sondaj
Published: March 2023

This article proposes the concept of ‘post-colonial gaslighting’ to analyse subtle forms of colonialism and domination in international relations and the persistence of hierarchies in the international system. It asks why Greenland, despite electoral majorities for independence, remains a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Going beyond existing materialist explanations focusing on lack of economic development, the article deploys the framework of ontological insecurity to show how Danish elites through techniques of gaslighting challenge the post-colonial status of Greenland and prevent agency. The Greenlandic colonial experience is rejected and delegitimised, in turn providing the foundation for blaming Greenlanders for failing to live up to the criteria of statehood. The article thus breaks with widespread assumptions of voluntarism in the literature on non-sovereignty, as well as introducing mechanisms of contestation to the literature on ontological security. The theoretical contribution of the article is the conceptual marriage of the hierarchy and ontological security literatures through the concept of post-colonial gaslighting.
The Political and Religious Context of Juvenile Punishment: A Multilevel Examination of Juvenile Court Dispositions in Three Southern States
Authors: Zane Steven N. , Pupo Jhon A.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

We examine the relationship between political and religious context and juvenile court dispositions, including whether case-level indicators of focal concerns are moderated by community politics and religion.

Methods

Using a sample of 55,328 juvenile defendants across 175 counties in three states, we first employ multilevel modeling to estimate the direct effects of political and religious context on odds of placement. Second, we examine cross-level interactions between political and religious context, on the one hand, and major case-level predictors of placement, on the other.

Results

We found mixed support for the hypotheses. While neither political nor religious context were directly associated with odds of placement, religious context moderated several case-level effects. Specifically, findings indicated that violent offenders were punished more harshly in more religious and more religiously homogeneous counties, defendants with a prior record were punished less harshly in more religious and more religiously homogenous counties, Hispanic defendants were punished less harshly in more evangelical counties, and male defendants were punished less harshly in more religiously homogeneous counties.

Conclusion

Juvenile punishment varies across different courts and systems, yet major contextual hypotheses for this variation (e.g., minority threat) have received limited empirical support. Our findings indicate that other aspects of community context, most notably religiosity, may moderate the relationship between case-level factors and juvenile court punishment.
A State-by-State Document Analysis of Official Guidance on Paraprofessional Allocation
Authors: McDermott Logan , Cruz Rebecca A. , Feng Zhihui
Published: March 2023

Paraprofessionals have increasingly served as a support service for students with disabilities. Yet, scholars have urged caution in the overuse of assigning paraprofessional supports. Furthermore, it is unclear how states provide guidance to local stakeholders in determining the best use of paraprofessionals. Thus, in this study, we conducted a state-by-state analysis of documents depicting guidance for paraprofessional supports. We identified states that offered comprehensive frameworks to support practitioners while allowing teams to maintain the autonomy to make decisions on a case-by-case basis. However, we also found that few states offered guidance, particularly with regard to navigating tensions between student need and potential risks. We rely on a Disability Studies framework to discuss implications for policy, practice, and future research, particularly in how states might provide robust guidance that assists schools in building an accommodating and inclusive environment rather than focusing solely on student characteristics framed as deficits.
Making sense of segregation: Transitional thinking and contested space
Authors: Murphy Joanne , McDowell Sara
Published: March 2023

In segregated societies space is typically a source of conflict and confusion. Everyday geographies are often navigated through complex patterns of movement that are sensitive to the ‘other’ and their spatial practices. Individuals adjust and tailor their movements, in part, because of the fear of the unknown. This paper, using three embedded cases of interface communities in Northern Ireland, considers how processes of spatial ‘sensemaking’ can reduce anxiety about contested spaces in deeply divided communities. The paper makes three important contributions. First it extends conceptualisations of sensemaking to a focused reading of geographical space in a divided society. This marks an important extension for a theory that until now has been largely confined to the organisational studies literature and provides a theoretical scaffolding with which to better understand individual and group responses to spatial contestation and division. Second, it identifies how processes of sensemaking, married with what we term a ‘connecting methodology’, can instigate individuals to make, break and give sense to themselves and others around issues of past contestation and current disputes. Finally, it argues that these interventions can occasion transitional thinking and new movement through contested space, an important contribution for those working and living in divided societies. The paper draws on data from a wider project on community commemoration in Northern Ireland which explore how individuals and communities collectively move through contested spaces. The process of sensemaking, we argue, can redefine the parameters for participatory methodologies and provide unique opportunities to break deadlocks in deeply divided societies.
Risk factors for elective and emergency oxygenator exchanges during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: van Minnen Olivier , Oude Lansink-Hartgring Annemieke , Hoffmann Roland F , van den Bergh Walter M
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite systemic anticoagulation and antithrombotic surface coating, oxygenator dysfunction remains one of most common technical complications of Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several parameters have been associated with an oxygenator exchange, but no guidelines for when to perform an exchange are published. An exchange, especially an emergency exchange, has a risk of complications. Therefore, a delicate balance between oxygenator dysfunction and the exchange of the oxygenator exists. This study aimed to identify risk factors and predictors for elective and emergency oxygenator exchanges.

Methods

This observational cohort study included all adult patients supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). We compared patients’ characteristics and laboratory values of patients with and without an oxygenator exchange and between an elective and emergency exchange, defined as an exchange outside office hours. Risk factors for an oxygenator exchange were identified with cox regression analyses, and risk factors for an emergency exchange were identified with logistic regression analyses.

Results

We included forty-five patients in the analyses. There were twenty-nine oxygenator exchanges in nineteen patients (42%). More than a third of the exchanges were emergency exchanges. Higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), transmembrane pressure difference (ΔP), and hemoglobin (Hb) were associated with an oxygenator exchange. Lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was the only risk factor for an emergency exchange.

Conclusion

Oxygenator exchange is frequent during V-V ECMO support. PaCO2, ΔP and Hb were associated with an oxygenator exchange and lower LDH with the risk of an emergency exchange.
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kosmas Constantine E. , Bousvarou Maria D. , Kostara Christina E. , Papakonstantinou Evangelia J. , Salamou Evdokia , Guzman Eliscer
Published: March 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public health hazards, especially in today’s Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has been established that links IR with CVD. The mediating mechanisms are perplexing, under ongoing, rigorous investigation and remain to be fully elucidated. IR is a condition encompassing hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. It occurs when insulin is not capable of exerting its maximum effects on target tissues, including skeletal muscles, liver and adipose tissue. This alteration of insulin signaling pathways results in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, all of which are predisposing factors for atherosclerosis and CVD. The management of IR can be achieved through dietary modifications, the inclusion of regular exercise routines in everyday life, pharmacological agents and other interventions tailored to each individual patient’s needs. It is important to underline though that, although various antidiabetic drugs that may improve IR are available, no medications are as yet specifically approved for the treatment of IR. This narrative review will focus on the current scientific and clinical evidence pertaining to IR, the mechanisms connecting IR with CVD, as well as plausible strategies for a holistic, personalized approach for IR management.
Development geography II: Community-based adaptation and locally-led adaptation
Authors: Vincent Katharine
Published: March 2023

In this report, I review the concept of community-based adaptation, showing how it morphed from a participatory development-informed approach centred around agency and empowerment to one which is often externally driven, focusing on a spatial, rather than social, definition of community. I then highlight how locally-led adaptation is attempting to re-focus attention on agency, whilst also managing a conceptualisation of ‘local’ that is not limited to the community-level. Since the concept of locally-led adaptation is emerging, it is critical to learn from participatory development and the critiques of community-based adaptation to ensure that it is not also diluted from its intentions.
A unified optimization control of wind farms considering wake effect for grid frequency support
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Wang Husai , Jiang Zhifu , Tian Dechi
Published: March 2023

This paper proposed a unified active power optimization control of wind farms under wake effect. It takes the sum of the kinetic energy variation and pitch angle variation as the optimization objective and used the particle swarm algorithm to achieve the optimization results. The main feature of the proposed method is that it unifies the kinetic energy optimization under a low wind speed area, the pitch angle and kinetic energy trade-off optimization under a medium wind speed area, and the pitch angle optimization under a high wind speed area. Combined with the de-loaded power constraint, it can flexibly reach various optimal operating states of the wind farm. The simulation results show that the proposed method optimizes the rotor speed and pitch angle in different wind speed areas, and releases kinetic energy and/or increases the output power of the wind farm to provide frequency support by switching the operating states.
Assessment of Life-Cycle Benefits of Bio-Based Fog Sealant for Low-Volume Asphalt Pavement Preservation
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Yang , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan
Published: March 2023

Bituminous pavement can become brittle and distressed over time as a result of the oxidation of bitumen associated with exposure to air, and multiple preservation methods could be implemented to prevent oxidation and prolong the lifespans of asphalt roads. Fog seal, a common preservation strategy, refers to applying a thin layer of emulsion on an existing surface to mitigate oxidation and moisture penetration. Over recent decades, some innovative sealants derived from biomass have drawn considerable attention given their economic benefits and eco-friendly properties, including a proprietary soybean-derived sealer that has been successfully applied in many states. While some studies have investigated its performance and concluded that it could effectively preserve asphalt roads and potentially prolong their lifespans, there has been little comprehensive life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based on field performance and actual construction cost which would support appropriate recommendations to local public agencies. To fill this gap, this study selected a low-volume asphalt pavement in Clinton County, Iowa, and during summer 2016 sprayed a proprietary bio-based fog sealant on it for five consecutive years of investigation, including an annual distress survey conducted on both untreated and bio-based fog sealant-treated sections for comparison purposes. Field assessment during this five-year period indicated that bio-based fog seal treatment could control crack growth of asphalt-surfaced roads. Bio-based fog sealant installation and road maintenance costs were combined and LCCA was employed, with results suggesting that, among the various options investigated in this study, applying three treatments at five-year intervasl during a service period was the most cost-effective.
Online and In-Store Shopping Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a Panel Survey in New York City
Authors: Drummond Justin , Hasnine Md Sami
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a study of various factors that influenced online and in-store shopping behaviors in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. It uses panel data collected by the New York City Department of Transportation for May, July, and October 2020. In the survey, 696 respondents consistently responded in all three months and, therefore, this group was used for analysis. The study adopts random effect ordered probit models with marginal effects and dynamic discrete choice models to understand the factors that influenced online and in-store shopping during the pandemic. The models reveal that increased subway usage was correlated with in-store shopping during the pandemic. Income also played a part in shopping behavior: higher-income individuals were less likely to shop in store, whereas lower-income individuals (more likely to ride the subway or bus) were more likely to shop in store. Contrary to previous research, age did not appear to have an impact on online and in-store shopping behaviors. Finally, this study discovered that online and in-store shopping are not necessarily indirectly proportional, which was unexpected. This means an increase in online shopping does not necessarily lead directly to a decrease in in-store shopping. By understanding how individuals reacted to the pandemic, proper policies—especially from a transportation aspect—can be developed in advance to prepare for future pandemic threats.
Dynamic Spatial–Temporal Convolutional Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Zhang Hong , Kan Sunan , Zhang XiJun , Cao Jie , Zhao Tianxin
Published: March 2023

Because of the highly nonlinear and dynamic spatial–temporal correlation of traffic flow, timely and accurate forecasting is very challenging. Existing methods usually use a static adjacency matrix to represent the spatial relationships between different road segments, even though the spatial relationships can change dynamically. In addition, many methods also ignore the dynamic time-dependent relationships between traffic flows. To this end, we propose a new network model to model the spatial–temporal correlation of traffic flow dynamics. Specifically, we design a dynamic graph construction method, which can generate dynamic graphs based on data to represent dynamic spatial relationships between road segments. Then, a dynamic graph convolutional network is proposed to extract dynamic spatial features. We further propose a multi-head temporal attention mechanism to learn the dynamic temporal dependencies between different times and then use temporal convolutional networks to extract the dynamic temporal features. The experimental results on real data show that the model proposed in this paper has a better prediction performance than existing models.
Electrospun bio-nano hybrid scaffold from collagen, Nigella sativa, and chitosan for skin tissue engineering application
Authors: Alam Md Rubel , Shahid Md Abdus , Alimuzzaman Shah , Hasan Md Mehedi , Hoque Md Enamul
Published: March 2023

The new sophisticated tissue engineering focused on producing nanocomposite with different morphologies for rapid tissue regeneration. In this case, utilizing nanotechnology with the incorporation of bio-based materials have achieved the interest of researchers. This research aims at developing hybrid bio-nano scaffold with collagen (Col), Nigella sativa ( Ns), and chitosan (Cs) by a bi-layered green electrospinning on polyvinyl chloride (PVA) layer in a different ratio for tissue regeneration. Field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), moisture management properties, tensile properties, antibacterial activity, and wound healing assessment of the fabricated hybrid bio-nano scaffolds were employed to investigate the different properties of hybrid bio-nano scaffolds. The results exhibit that the sample with Col (50%) and Ns (25%), Cs (25%) has good fiber formation with a mean diameter of 381 ± 22 nm. This bio-nano scaffold has a porosity of 78 ± 6.9% and a fast absorbing-slow drying nature for providing a moist environment. The antibacterial zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 10 ± 1.3 and 8 ± 0.9 mm respectively, and appeared to be adequate to inhibit bacterial action. The wound healing assessment states that 84 ± 3.8% of wound closure occurs in just 10 days, which is quicker (1.5 times) than the duration of a commercial bandage. All of the findings suggest that the bio-nano scaffold could be useful for skin tissue engineering.
Wisdom in Nursing Practice
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: March 2023

This column on practice applications focuses on wisdom and the critical nature wisdom serves within the nursing discipline. Wisdom conveys an awareness, judgement, and a diligent engagement with important persons, ideas, and others; therefore, wisdom has implications for nursing in the areas of practice, education, leadership, and research. Even broader and more importantly, wisdom connects to nursing’s theoretical conceptualizations and informs the why and value of the nursing discipline.
Improving Physical Fitness and Health of Office Workers in Iran
Authors: Shakerian Behnam , Mohammad RafatiFard , Saeid Dashti , Haghi Mehdi , Ardakani Mojtaba Fattahi , Chenari Hadi Ahmadi , Baumann Steven L.
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on a study on improving the health and fitness of office workers in Iran using a comprehensive model. The research design was a randomized controlled trial involving 294 employees. The intervention was a 6-month program to promote physical activity. The primary outcome measure was their scores on the physical activity (PA) index recorded at 3 and 6 months. A statistically significantly increase in PA was found in the intervention group over the control group. In addition, the mean values of related health and physiological indices of the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant increase compared to the control group. The conclusions of this study support research findings in multiple countries, that the physical activity and health of office workers can be improved in a short period.
Aesthetic Knowing: Cut-Ups and Haiku Poems
Authors: Turner Ashley R. , Velasco Roque Anthony F. , Oman Kathleen , Sousa Karen H.
Published: March 2023

Enhancing course design and pedagogy to encourage engagement and creativity is fundamental in doctoral education. Using poetry is an innovative way to enrich nursing education through aesthetic knowing. The authors in this paper aim to describe an educational exercise utilizing the Cut-Up Method to create haiku poems. PhD nursing students used the Cut-Up Method to produce haiku poems describing the meaning of nursing science. Themes from the haiku poems include relationship building, caring and caring relationships, and the evolution of nursing. Learning activities promote aesthetic knowing to facilitate engagement, creativity, and collaboration. The Cut-Up Method and haikus are creative ways of developing aesthetic knowing.
Learning From Cancer Patients Who Push on With Tenacity
Authors: Yimmee Suchawadee
Published: March 2023

Cancer survivors have unique life challenges that threaten their well-being. Concept building has identified fearless tenacity as a process that is critical to meaningful survival, by expanding understanding of how cancer survivors get along day by day as they transcend the course of cancer treatment and move beyond to pursue life purpose. This work establishes a foundation for nurses wishing to promote self-worth through fostering fearless tenacity. It sets a direction for research and practice grounded in the discipline through a specific nursing theory and solid footing from both extant literature and the real life experiences.
Leading-Following and Living Quality: A Reflection
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: March 2023

There are many moments within all collaborative leading-following relationships that form each constituent over time. In collaborative leading-following, it is important that there is a nursing theoretical framework that guides the professional relationship with a knowledge base that is distinctive and shared by all involved. In this paper, the author reflects on the humanbecoming core knowings of living quality in light of the essences of leading-following (Parse, 2021a, 2021b).
Trust and Worth on the Co-Created Journey of Teaching-Learning
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: March 2023

Trust and worth are common words often heard in the media with calls to trust the news, trust elected officials, or trust the science. Yet how can one trust science or news or others when contrary evidence arises? In the teaching-learning of nursing, emerging truths and new knowings challenge what was once considered conventional wisdom, presenting a challenge and an opportunity for nurse faculty. A discussion of trust and worth is presented with insights offered for the teaching-learning of nursing. While the insights are not exhaustive, the intent is to challenge nurse faculty to set aside time and space to delve with colleagues into creation of a culture of trust and worth in the teaching-learning milieu. This seems most appropriate for such a time as this, where a simple thing as listening to the evening news suggests that human dignity, trust, and worth seem little valued.
A Landscape Analysis of State-Level School Counseling Policy: Perspectives from State Officials
Authors: Savitz-Romer Mandy , Nicola Tara P. , Rowan-Kenyon Heather T. , Carroll Stephanie
Published: March 2023

This study explores the prevalence and implementation of four key school counseling policies at the state level and to what extent they are monitored for positive impact on the school counseling profession. Drawing on an analysis of state school counseling policy documents and interviews with school counseling leaders from 30 state education agencies, we found that policies vary considerably across states. Within states, the constrained authority of state counseling officials and lack of funded counseling mandates contributed to differences in policy implementation at the local level. These barriers can unintentionally reduce the efficacy of counseling policies and thus their impact on students.
Outcomes of a Pharmacy-Driven Inpatient Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Transitions of Care (TOC) Management Process
Authors: Roberts Aaron , Ball Meredith Hope , Bentley Austin Clark , Rafferty Aubrie
Published: March 2023

Background: Current data shows 30% of patients hospitalized for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation are readmitted within 30 days. Medication management during transitions of care (TOC) has shown impact on clinical outcomes, however there is insufficient data to suggest how pharmacy TOC services might benefit this patient population. Objective: Evaluate the effects of pharmacy-driven COPD TOC services on hospital re-presentation rates. Methods: A single-center retrospective chart review conducted of patients hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation. A comprehensive admission-to-discharge TOC service was provided by early immersion pharmacy students, advanced immersion pharmacy students, and an attending pharmacist in a layered learning model. The primary outcome was 30-day re-presentation rate. Secondary outcomes were 90-day re-presentation rate, volume of interventions made and description of the service. Results: From 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019, there were 2422 patients admitted for COPD exacerbation management and 756 patients received at least one intervention from the COPD TOC service. 30% needed a change to inhaler therapy. The provider accepted 57.8% of the recommended changes, and 36% and 33% of eligible patients received an inhaler technique education and bedside delivery of the new inhaler, respectively. Outcomes in the 30-day re-presentation and 90-day censored re-presentation rates for the intervention and control group were 28.5% vs 25.5% ( P = .12) and 46.7% vs 42.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study did not find a significant change in 30-day re-presentation rate with a pharmacy-driven COPD TOC service. It did find that a significant number of patients admitted with COPD exacerbation may need an inhaler change, and demonstrates the utility of this kind of TOC service for identifying and correcting medication-related problems unique to this disease state. There were opportunities for improvement in percent of patients receiving the full intended intervention.