bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of emotional intelligence on the performance of real estate agents in Prishtina, Kosovo
Authors: Hoxha Visar , Zeqiraj Emblema
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on the performance of real estate agents in Prishtina, Kosovo. The study also investigated the relationship of each dimension of emotional intelligence with the real estate agent's performance (REAP) in Prishtina, which is the city with the largest number of real estate agents in Kosovo.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study used quantitative research with the questionnaire used as a research instrument. The questionnaire survey was conducted with 78 real estate agents in Prishtina, Kosovo. The sampling method used in this research was random sampling.

Findings

The findings of this study indicated that emotional intelligence has a significant impact on the job performance of real estate agents. The study also found that relationship management (RM) and social awareness (SOA) have a strong effect on real estate agents' performance, whereas self-awareness (SA) does not seem to have any statistically significant explanatory power over REAP.

Research limitations/implications

This study can be utilized as a landmark for agents of real estate on understanding how the agents can use emotional intelligence in agents' favor by pointing out the prominence of EI in realizing the needs and desires of the potential buyers and the influence EI has on the decision to buy property. Furthermore, through this study, the real estate agencies will be provided with multiple reasons that substantiate the necessity to hire emotionally trained agents, and besides professional preparation, the companies must provide employees with behavioral training.

Originality/value

The present study is the first quantification of the impact of emotional intelligence and dimensions of emotional intelligence on the performance of Prishtina's real estate agents.
Why consumers behaved impulsively during COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Anas Mohammad , Khan Mohammed Naved , Rahman Obaidur , Uddin S. M. Fatah
Published: March 2022

Purpose

During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, owing to several reasons, consumers behaved impulsively while shopping. Impulse buying has led to a distortion in the availability of various items in the stores. This study aims to explore the factors affecting the impulse buying behavior of consumers during a pandemic like COVID-19 in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an online questionnaire, 304 Indian consumers were surveyed using a convenience sampling technique. Proposed hypotheses and model were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study confirmed that fear and resource availability are the most significant factors affecting consumer’s impulse buying behavior during a pandemic. The findings suggest that retailers can minimize the consumer’s fear and manage impulse buying to their advantage by providing better resources to their patrons while they shop.

Originality/value

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of businesses, it is being observed that the purchase preferences of consumers have become chaotic and significant swings are visible in their shopping behavior. Thus, the study is an attempt to shed light on the factors that affect consumer impulse buying behavior in such disruptive settings.
Deep learning unflooding for robust subsalt waveform inversion
Authors: Alali Abdullah , Kazei Vladimir , Kalita Mahesh , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: March 2022

Full‐waveform inversion, a popular technique that promises high‐resolution models, has helped in improving the salt definition in inverted velocity models. The success of the inversion relies heavily on having prior knowledge of the salt, and using advanced acquisition technology with long offsets and low frequencies. Salt bodies are often constructed by recursively picking the top and bottom of the salt from seismic images corresponding to tomography models, combined with flooding techniques. The process is time consuming and highly prone to error, especially in picking the bottom of the salt. Many studies suggest performing full‐waveform inversion with long offsets and low frequencies after constructing the salt bodies to correct the misinterpreted boundaries. Here, we focus on detecting the bottom of the salt automatically by utilizing deep learning tools. We specifically generate many random one‐dimensional models, containing or free of salt bodies, and calculate the corresponding shot gathers. We then apply full‐waveform inversion starting with salt flooded versions of those models, and the results of the full‐waveform inversion become inputs to the neural network, whereas the corresponding true one‐dimensional models are the output. The network is trained in a regression manner to detect the bottom of the salt and estimate the subsalt velocity. We analyse three scenarios in creating the training datasets and test their performance on the two‐dimensional BP 2004 salt model. We show that when the network succeeds in estimating the subsalt velocity, the requirement of low frequencies and long offsets are somewhat mitigated. In general, this work allows us to merge the top‐to‐bottom approach with full‐waveform inversion, save the bottom of the salt picking time and empower full‐waveform inversion to converge in the absence of low frequencies and long offsets in the data.
An autoethnographic exploration of a lone‐mother trainee systemic therapist
Authors: Beazley Pippa
Published: March 2022

In the UK, in 2019, there were 2.9 million lone‐parent families, a family with children that is headed by one parent; ~90% of lone‐parents are mothers. I am one of them. Using a social constructionist approach, I look inward at my self and back outward at social‐cultural context in response to my observations, within systemic practice and training, of possible privileging of a dominant social discourse of family—a father, a mother and children—that positions lone‐mothers as other. My experiences in vignettes, my data, are analysed using a daisy model. Emergent salient themes are discussed. The findings hopefully prompt an elicitation of responses and resonances that will act as impetus for necessary future dialogue within systemic practice and inquiry.
Edible oleogels as solid fat alternatives: Composition and oleogelation mechanism implications
Authors: Li Linlin , Liu Guoqin , Bogojevic Oliver , Pedersen Jacob Nedergaard , Guo Zheng
Published: March 2022

The growing awareness of the adverse health effects of trans‐fats and saturated fats are driving researchers to seek healthy alternatives. A promising strategy to structure liquid oil, called oleogelation, has been a subject of great interest. In the development of oleogels, highly unsaturated oils can be structured through different gelation mechanisms by varying structuring agents (e.g., polymeric or low molecular weight oleogelators). Due to their potential to reduce saturated fat in food products while also providing solid texture without changing the oil's chemical composition and nutritional values, oleogels have been introduced into various products (meat, spread, and confectionary) as alternatives to traditional solid fats. However, the shortcomings of oleogels cannot be ignored, such as the softer texture and the poorer plasticity than traditional solid fat. As the physicochemical properties and functionalities of oleogels are highly dependent on their composition and structuring mechanism, it is possible to obtain a product with desirable functionality by choosing a suitable oleogelator or oil phase. Thus, comprehensive and detailed knowledge regarding the role of oleoglarors, oil phase, and oleogelation mechanism on oleogelation is needed. This review primarily focuses on published information within the last decades addressing how the composition and oleogelation mechanism affect the structure and functionality of oleogels and oleogel‐based products. The factors affecting the oil gelation are summarized concerning three aspects: (i) oleogelator (chemical composition and molecular structure); (ii) oil phase (TAG composition and minor component); and (iii) oleogelation mechanism. Finally, the future perspectives toward oleogels are highlighted. This review aims to deepen the understanding of oleogelation and the rational design of oleogel‐based products.
An overview of structure engineering to tailor the functionality of monoglyceride oleogels
Authors: Palla Camila A. , Dominguez Martina , Carrín María Elena
Published: March 2022

Monoglyceride (MG)‐based oleogelation is an effective strategy to create soft matter structures with the functionality of fats, but with a nutritional profile similar to edible oils. MG oleogels are mainly studied to replace or reduce trans and saturated fats as well as to develop novel products with improved physical and organoleptic properties. The process consists of direct dispersion of MGs into the oil at temperatures above the melting point. This is followed by a cooling period in which the gelator network is formed, entrapping the oil in a crystalline structure. MG composition and concentration, oil type, process temperatures, stirring speed, shear rate during cooling, and storage time play a role in the kinetics of MG crystallization within an MG–oil system, which leads to the formation of lipid materials with different properties. A deep understanding of MG oleogelation processing parameters allows for the tailoring of oleogel properties to meet desirable characteristics as solid fat replacers. This review provides insight regarding manipulating physical process parameters to engineer structures with specific functionality. Furthermore, ultrasound technologies and optimization methodologies are discussed as tools for the production of oleogels with specific properties based on their potential use as well as the development of bi‐ and multi‐gelators oleogels using MGs. Finally, the food applications in which MG oleogels have been tested are summarized in addition to the identified gaps that require further research.
Packaging 4.0: The threshold of an intelligent approach
Authors: Sadeghi Kambiz , Kim Jongkyoung , Seo Jongchul
Published: March 2022

The fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) intends to digitalize the product life cycle using smart technologies interconnected with web‐based platforms. I4.0 elements can be employed to enable packaging 4.0 with improved productivity and efficiency. However, the applicability of I4.0 in packaging science has not been fully investigated due to the understanding gap regarding the I4.0 elements in packaging science. In addition, the evolution of market and customers’ demands results in complexity, which requires a business model with a high level of precision. As packaging stays with goods from manufacturing to the consumer stage, the digitalization of the product life cycle using packaging can be realized. Herein, the implications of I4.0 on packaging science are discussed to identify the potential benefits of packaging 4.0 in various sectors, for example, manufacturing, materials, supply chain, retail, and postconsumer. In this study, packaging 4.0 is defined based on a framework comprised of packaging manufacturing, packaging and products, packaging and consumer, and packaging and sustainability (ecologically, economically, and socially). In addition, a decentralized model is introduced to realize a self‐controlling concept using decentralized decision‐making centers. In this context, packaging 4.0 can be enabled using the combination of horizontal integration of enterprises, vertical integration of enterprises, and end‐to‐end engineering. Smart devices, for example, sensors, indicators, actuators, and wearable smart devices, interconnected to the internet of things and the cloud is an efficient way to realize a decentralized paradigm. The implementation of an intelligent platform in the packaging 4.0 context enables decentralized data collection in the supply chain, in‐store, and postpurchasing stages, which in turn realizes consistent life‐cycle monitoring.
The applications of conventional and innovative mechanical technologies to tailor structural and functional features of dietary fibers from plant wastes: A review
Authors: Fayaz Goly , Soleimanian Yasamin , Mhamadi Mmadi , Turgeon Sylvie L. , Khalloufi Seddik
Published: March 2022

Plant food wastes generated through the food chain have attracted increasing attention over the last few years not only due to critical environmental and economic issues but also as an available source of valuable components such as dietary fibers. However, the exploitation of plant waste remains limited due to the lack of appropriate processing technologies to recover and tailor fiber functionalities. Among the different technologies developed for waste valorization, mechanical techniques were suggested to be a promising and sustainable strategy to extract fibers with improved functionalities. In this context, the present review describes different mechanical technologies (conventional and innovative) with potential applications to produce micro/nanofibers from various plant residues, highlighting the operating principle as well as the main advantages and pitfalls. The impact on the structural, technological, and functional properties of fibrous materials is comprehensively discussed. The extent of fiber modification not only highly depended on the technology and operation conditions used but also on fiber composition and the application of posttreatments such as dehydration. Other variables, including economic and environmental issues such as equipment cost, energy demand, and eco‐friendly features, are also reviewed. The outputs of this review can be used by both the industrial sector and academia to select a suitable combination of fiber and processing technology for designing novel foods with improved functionalities that fulfill market trends and consumer needs.
Encapsulation of coffee silverskin extracts by foam mat drying and comparison with powders obtained by spray drying and freeze‐drying
Authors: Vimercati Wallaf Costa , Araújo Cintia da Silva , Macedo Leandro Levate , Correa Jefferson Luiz Gomes , Pimenta Carlos José
Published: March 2022

Coffee silverskin is a coproduct that has a rich composition in bioactive compounds. However, most of these compounds are susceptible to the conditions used during food processing and storage. Encapsulation is a process of great interest to increase the stability of these bioactive compounds, and different methods can influence the final characteristics of the product. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the encapsulation methods by foam mat drying, spray drying and freeze‐drying for producing powder from coffee silverskin extracts. Density, porosity, overrun, and stability foam were evaluated and the physicochemical properties of powders, such as water activity, moisture, wettability, hygroscopicity, solubility, color, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic were determined. The optimal condition required for the feed mixture for foam formation was 7.6% gum arabic, 2% maltodextrin, and 10.4% egg albumin. All methods presented powders with desirable values of water activity, moisture content, and hygroscopicity, being considered stable for storage, and high content of bioactive compounds. Higher temperatures for foam mat drying produced powders with higher encapsulation efficiency (>77%) and longer wettability than lower temperatures (50 and 60°C). Therefore, this study verified that foam mat drying can be considered an efficient and promising method for encapsulating bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin extract.

Practical Application

Foam mat drying can be considered an alternative method to conventional encapsulation by spray drying and freeze‐drying. This method is simple, inexpensive, and generates high‐quality products. Optimization of foam properties is necessary to ensure successful drying.
Gel properties and thermal gelling mechanism in myofibrillar protein of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) under the synergistic effects of radio frequency combined with magnetic field
Authors: Wang Limei , Yang Kun , Wang Xian , Wu Di , You Xiaopeng , Ma Jing , Zhang Yunhua , Xiong Guangquan , Wang Lan , Sun Weiqing
Published: March 2022

This study evaluated the effects of radio frequency (RF)‐replaced water bath (WB) or/and magnetic field (MF)‐assisted WB heating on various quality parameters of grass carp myofibrillar protein (GCMP) gel and to understand the thermal gelling mechanism. Compared with the control, RF‐replaced 40°C WB combining MF‐assisted 80°C WB heating promoted GCMP structural changes, that was random coil content observably increased from 28.87% to 32.3% at the expense of α‐helix reducing from 17.93% to 15.80%, even promoting the self‐assembly of exposed residues. These structural changes were conducive to form relatively smooth and loose gel network structures, thus significantly increasing immobilized and bound water and improving water holding capacity. The electrostatic repulsion between exposed residues was conducive to the stability of protein molecules and gel structure. Overall, the RF‐replaced 40°C WB combining MF‐assisted 80°C WB heating was a desirable thermal alternative to conventional WB heating for improving gel quality.
Physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of protein fractions and protein isolate from jackfruit seeds
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Zhou Xin , Zhou Lei , Liu Wei , Zhong Junzhen , Zhang Yanjun , Liu Chengmei
Published: March 2022

The physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of albumin, globulin, glutelin, and protein isolate (JSPI) extracted from jackfruit seeds were investigated. Protein fractions and JSPI were rich in amino acids, which can be comparable to soy protein. Other essential amino acids except histidine met the FAO/WHO/UNO‐recommended intake for infants and adults. Jackfruit seed proteins were mainly composed of 17–26 kDa polypeptides, β‐sheet, and random coil were the main secondary structures. Glutelin (572.55) and JSPI (246.14) have higher H0 under neutral conditions, consistent with the solubility and emulsification properties results. Albumin and globulin had good solubility and were mostly soluble under neutral or weak alkaline conditions. In general, protein fractions and JSPI exhibited good foaming and emulsification properties. Therefore, jackfruit seed proteins have the potential to be nutritious functional ingredients in the food industry.

Practical Application

Jackfruit seed proteins had high essential amino acids content and good functional properties. They can be used as a new type of functional ingredients in the food industry, which can not only reduce the environment pollution of discarded seeds but also improve use of plant protein.
Investigation of the activity of cathepsin B in red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) and its relation to the quality of muscle proteins during chilled and frozen storage
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Zhou Ting , Wu Yingru , Shui Shanshan , Tu Chuanhai , Benjakul Soottawat , Zhang Bin
Published: March 2022

Cathepsin B is a cysteine protease that has important effects on the quality of muscle products. In this study, the changes of cathepsin B activity and its relation to muscle proteins were investigated in intact and beheaded shrimp during chilled and frozen storage. The obtained results indicated that the water holding capacity (WHC), shear force, hardness, and myofibrillar protein (MP) content all significantly decreased in both the intact and beheaded shrimp samples with increasing storage period (p < 0.05). Specifically, beheading shrimp exhibited much more stable characteristics than intact shrimp samples during both chilled and frozen storage. The enzyme activity results suggested that cold temperature and storage induced the release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes to the mitochondria, sarcoplasm, and myofibrils in the muscle tissues. Furthermore, SDS‐PAGE and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that beheading the shrimp greatly inhibited the dissociation of shrimp muscle proteins during storage. The current findings suggest that cathepsin B located in the head of shrimp was likely transferred to the muscle through the first abdominal segment during storage, accelerating the dissociation of the muscle proteins. Therefore, beheading the shrimp was conducive to prolonging the shelf‐life of stored shrimp products.
Microbiological and mycotoxicological analyses of processed cereal‐based complementary foods for infants and young children from the German market
Authors: Rehagel Christina , Akineden Ömer , Usleber Ewald
Published: March 2022

This study investigated several food safety criteria in 38 different commercial products of processed cereal‐based foods (PCF) from the German market. Microbiological assessment, followed by 16S RNA gene sequencing of suspect colonies, included aerobic mesophilic bacteria, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae, Cronobacter spp., and presumptive Bacillus cereus. Mycotoxin analyses were performed by enzyme immunoassays for deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T‐2/HT‐2 toxins (T‐2/HT‐2; oat containing products only), ergot alkaloids (EA), and alternariol (AOH). No violative result above existing European Union regulations or international guidelines was obtained. Most samples had very low aerobic mesophilic cell counts (<2.0 × 101 CFU/g), the maximum was 9.6 × 102 CFU/g. A few samples contained low numbers of opportunistic pathogens, most notably Cronobacter sakazakii, Acinetobacter spp., Pantoea spp., and enterotoxigenic Bacillus wiedmannii. Levels of mycotoxin contamination were very low, well below European Union maximum limits. DON was found in 10 samples, at levels of 9–35 µg/kg. T‐2/HT‐2 were found in all 15 oat‐based products (1–8 µg/kg). All samples were negative for ZEN and EA. A high number (n = 25) of samples yielded weakly positive results for the nonregulated AOH (0.4–2 µg/kg), but just three samples exceeded a level of 1 µg/kg. No relationship between cereal composition and analytical findings for microbiological parameters and mycotoxins could be found. As long as PCF meals are freshly prepared and consumed immediately after preparation, the risk from sporadically occurring opportunistic bacteria appears to be minimal.
Fatty acid profile, sterols, and squalene content comparison between two conventional (olive oil and linseed oil) and three non‐conventional vegetable oils (echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil)
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Luna Katherine , Ansorena Diana , Astiasarán Iciar
Published: March 2022

New sources of bioactive compounds are constantly explored for reformulating healthier foods. This work aimed to explore and characterize the fatty acid profile and sterol content of three non‐conventional oils used in functional food products (hempseed oil, moringa oil, and echium oil) and to compare them with two conventional ones (extra virgin olive oil [EVOO] and linseed oil). Oxidative stability was assessed by determining their acidity value and peroxide content. All oils showed adequate values for acidity and oxidation status. Echium and hempseed oils showed a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (>70%), especially omega‐3 fatty acids, while moringa oil was rich in oleic acid. Echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil presented higher sterol content than EVOO, but lower than that of linseed oil. Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in all samples (97.88–275.36 mg/100 g oil), except in echium oil, where campesterol (170.62 mg/100 g oil) was the major sterol. Squalene was only found in significant amounts in EVOO. In conclusion, non‐conventional oils seem to be interesting sources of bioactive compounds and have great potential for the food industry.

Practical Application

Non‐conventional vegetable oils can be used as alternative sources of lipids in a variety of food products. Additionally, these oils have great potential to be included in the formulation of functional ingredients for the delivery of omega‐3 fatty acids, antioxidants, fiber, among others.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the quality of Chinese steamed bun and the action mechanism
Authors: He Wen‐Jing , Chen Nan , Yu Zhi‐Long , Sun Qun , He Qiang , Zeng Wei‐Cai
Published: March 2022

Effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on the quality of Chinese steamed bun (CSB) was investigated, while the interaction and action mechanism between TP and vital wheat gluten (VWG, constitutive proteins of flour) were further explored. With a low concentration (1%) of TP, CSB showed positive changes in quality, and the hardness of CSB decreased by 33.95%, while its specific volume, springiness, and resilience separately increased by 1.8%, 11.9%, and 5.5%, whereas the higher concentrations of TP (2% and 4%) caused an adverse impact. By observation of scanning electron microscope, VWG formed a fluffier structure with a low concentration of TP, while the structure deteriorated at high concentration of TP. In addition, the secondary and tertiary structures of VWG were both changed by TP. Along with the results of thermodynamic analysis (thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry measurements), TP could induce the structural rearrangement of VWG. Further, a lower amidogen and sulfhydryl contents of VWG were obtained in TP groups, which illustrated that peptide and disulfide bonds of VWG were not possibly interrupted by TP. Instead, hydrophobic residues of VWG were bonded to form a more hydrophilic structure. Moreover, according to molecular docking results, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate interacted tightly with VWG by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic actions, and the action sites were mainly at hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues. All results suggested that the VWG structure was affected greatly by TP, and a low dose of TP might be potential to improve the quality of flour products.

Practical Application

The physicochemical properties of gluten show the significant effects on the quality of flour products in food industry. In the present study, a low dose of tea polyphenols exhibited a strengthened effect on gluten, so as to ameliorate the texture of Chinese steamed bun (CSB) due to their tight interactions with gluten, while the color of CSB was changed to brown as tea polyphenols. All results suggested that a low dose of tea polyphenols could be potentially utilized to improve flour quality and enhance gluten strength in food industry.
Suicidal ideation and ECT, ECT and suicidal ideation: A register study
Authors: Sienaert Pascal , Brus Ole , Lambrichts Simon , Lundberg Johan , Nordanskog Pia , Obbels Jasmien , Verspecht Shauni , Vansteelandt Kristof , Nordenskjöld Axel
Published: March 2022

Objective

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is anti‐suicidal, it is not known whether the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) at baseline predicts response and remission after ECT. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of baseline SI on response and remission following ECT treatment in a large sample of patients with depression and to assess SI before and after ECT.

Methods

This population‐based register study used data from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT and the Swedish Patient Register. Patients aged 18 years or older who had received ECT for a unipolar or bipolar depressive episode between 2011 and 2018 were included in the study. SI was defined as a score of ≥4 on the last item of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – Self Assessment (MADRS‐S). Using a logistic regression model, SI at baseline was used to predict response and remission following ECT, while controlling for depression severity, psychotic symptoms, presence of a comorbid personality disorder, age, sex, electrode position, unipolar or bipolar disorder, and number of previous suicide attempts at baseline.

Results

In patients who exhibited SI at baseline, 53.7% (N = 632) of cases showed a response to ECT, whereas 68.4% (N = 690) of patients without SI showed a response. In addition, 27.2% (N = 320) of cases with SI achieved remission, whereas 48.5% (N = 489) of cases without SI achieved remission. The odds of achieving response and remission for patients with SI were 0.75 and 0.58 times, respectively, those for patients without SI. Of the 1178 patients with pre‐treatment SI, 75.64% (N = 891) exhibited no SI at the end of treatment. Moreover, in this subgroup, the presence of a personality disorder, higher MADRS‐S‐score, and younger age were associated with persistent SI.

Conclusion

The presence of SI was associated with lower ECT response and remission rates. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms and SI were reduced in a large proportion of patients across both patient groups. Clinicians should be aware of the lower likelihood of achieving a successful outcome following ECT in younger patients who present with a non‐psychotic depressive episode, SI, and (suspected) personality disorders. More research is warranted regarding if these patients can achieve similar or better results with other treatments.
Child mental health problems as a risk factor for academic underachievement: A multi‐informant, population‐based study
Authors: Schuurmans Isabel K. , Tamayo Martinez Nathalie , Blok Elisabet , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Luik Annemarie I. , Cecil Charlotte A. M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To investigate whether child mental health problems prospectively associate with IQ‐achievement discrepancy (i.e., academic under‐ and over‐achievement) in emerging adolescence. The secondary aims were to test whether these associations are specific to certain mental health problems, to assess potential sex differences, and to examine whether associations are robustly observed across multiple informants (i.e., maternal and teacher‐reports).

Methods

This study included 1,577 children from the population‐based birth cohort the Generation R Study. Child mental health problems at age 6 were assessed by mothers and teachers using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher's Report Form. The IQ‐achievement discrepancy was quantified as the standardized residuals of academic achievement regressed on IQ, where IQ was measured with four tasks from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fifth Edition around age 13 and academic attainment was measured with the Cito test, a national Dutch academic test, at the end of elementary school (12 years of age).

Results

Mental health problems at age 6 were associated with IQ‐achievement discrepancy at age 12, with more problems associating with greater academic underachievement. When examining specific mental health problems, we found that attention problems was the only mental health problem to independently associate with the IQ‐achievement discrepancy (adjusted standardized difference per 1‐standard deviation, mother: −0.11, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.16, −0.06]; teacher: −0.13, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.18, −0.08]). These associations remained after adjusting for co‐occurring mental health problems. The overall pattern of associations was consistent across boys and girls and across informants.

Conclusion

Mental health problems during the transition from kindergarten to elementary school associate with academic underachievement at the end of elementary school. These associations were primarily driven by attention problems, as rated by both mothers and teachers—suggesting that strategies targeting attention problems may be a particularly promising avenue for improving educational performance irrespective of IQ, although this should be established more thoroughly through further research.
Entertaining Beliefs in Economic Mobility
Authors: Kim Eunji
Published: March 2022

Americans have long believed in upward mobility and the narrative of the American Dream. Even in the face of rising income inequality and substantial empirical evidence that economic mobility has declined in recent decades, many Americans remain convinced of the prospects for upward mobility. What explains this disconnect? I argue that their media diets play an important role in explaining this puzzle. Specifically, contemporary Americans are watching a record number of entertainment TV programs that emphasize “rags‐to‐riches” narratives. I demonstrate that such shows have become a ubiquitous part of the media landscape over the last two decades. Online and lab‐in‐the‐field experiments as well as national surveys show that exposure to these programs increases viewers’ beliefs in the American Dream and promotes internal attributions of wealth. Media exemplars present in what Americans leisurely consume every day can powerfully distort economic perceptions and have important implications for public preferences for economic redistribution.
The importance of prejudice against persons with disabilities
Authors: Gunderson Morley , Lee Byron , Lomas Guenther
Published: March 2022

Based on the Canadian 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS), we estimate the effect of prejudice on the earnings of persons with a disability. We extract external information from medical and psychology studies that record the degree of prejudice against specific disabilities and link those prejudice indices to our disability categories. We find that the earnings of persons with a disability are strongly affected by the degree of prejudice associated with their disability, after controlling for the wide range of other factors that can affect earnings.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α promotes osteolytic lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by SHH‐dependent osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Xu Le , Li Qingxiang , Wang Yifei , Lu Han , Zhao Ning , Pu Yinfei , Wang Lin , Guo Yuxing , Guo Chuanbin
Published: March 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive tumor that usually invades the maxilla or mandible. The extent and pattern of mandibular bone invasion caused by OSCC are the most important factors determining the treatment plan and patients' prognosis. Yet, the process of mandibular invasion is not fully understood. The following study explores the molecular mechanism that regulates the mandibular invasion of OSCC by focusing on bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signals. We found that BMPR1α was positively correlated to bone defect of OSCC patients. Mechanistically, BMPR1α signaling regulated the differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts through the interaction of OSCC cells and osteoclast progenitors, and this process was mediated by SHH secreted by tumor cells. The inhibition of SHH protected bone from tumor‐induced osteolytic activity. These results provide a potential new treatment strategy for controlling OSCC from invading the jawbones.
Myocardial perfusion by CMR coronary sinus flow shows sex differences and lowered perfusion at stress in patients with suspected microvascular angina
Authors: Gyllenhammar Tom , Carlsson Marcus , Jögi Jonas , Arheden Håkan , Engblom Henrik
Published: March 2022

Background

Patients with chest pain may have normal coronary arteries and suffer from microvascular angina (MVA). The aim of this study was to determine if patients with suspected MVA have lower global myocardial perfusion (global MP) during adenosine stress compared with healthy controls and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and to determine if there are sex differences in global MP.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with suspected MVA (66 ± 11 years), 19 CAD patients (69 ± 5 years) with stress‐induced ischaemia and 24 healthy controls (61 ± 10 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) including coronary sinus flow measurements and first‐pass perfusion at rest and during adenosine stress. Global MP was quantified as coronary sinus flow normalized to left ventricular mass.

Results

Global perfusion was lower during stress in patients with suspected MVA (2.9 ± 1.0 ml/min/g) compared with healthy volunteers (3.7 ± 1.1 ml/min/g, p = 0.018), but higher compared with CAD patients (2.0 ± 0.9 ml/min/g, p = 0.019). Female controls had higher global MP than male controls both at rest (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 ml/min/g, p = 0.003) and during stress (4.4 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 0.6 ml/min/g, p = 0.001). Furthermore, females with suspected MVA showed higher global MP than males with suspected MVA (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Patients with suspected MVA have lower global MP at stress than healthy volunteers but higher than patients with CAD. Furthermore, there seems to be a sex difference in global MP at stress both in healthy volunteers and in patients with suspected MVA, with higher global MP in females, which implies a need for sex‐specific normal limits when assessing quantitative MP.
Safety of glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient donors in living right lobe liver donation
Authors: Dogar Abdul Wahab , Ullah Kaleem , Ghaffar Abdul , Ud‐din Shams‐ , Hussain Azhar , Ahmed Hafiz Bilal , Abbas Syed Hasnain , Ud‐din Siraj , Hamza Muhammad Ameer , Husnain Ali , Shoaib Azam , Ahmed Bilal , Raza Hamid , Zafar Munaza , Baig Muhammad Asif , Qaiser Muhammad Affan , Shahwani Asmat Ullah , Gupta Subhash
Published: March 2022

Background

The literature lacks data on World Health Organization (WHO) class II and III deficient liver donors who underwent right hepatectomy during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we compared the perioperative outcomes of 15 glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient living liver donors with a matched cohort of 39 nondeficient living liver donors undergoing right lobe donation.

Results

Out of 15 G6PD deficient donors, four (26.67%) donors had class II, and 11 (73.34%) had class III G6PD deficiency. The mean postoperative trough hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the deficient group than the nondeficient group (9.38 ± 1.59 g/dL vs. 10.27 ± .91 g/dL, p = .046). The mean peak indirect bilirubin level was significantly higher in the deficient group than the nondeficient group (2.22 ± 1.38 mg/dL vs. 1.40 ± .89 mg/dL, p = .047), and a similar trend was observed in total serum bilirubin (3.99 ± 2.57 mg/dL vs. 2.99 ± 1.46 mg/dL, p = .038). Biochemical evidence of hemolysis was found only in three (20%) deficient donors, but none of them needed a blood transfusion. No mortality was observed in either group. All other parameters, including demographics, operative parameters, graft characteristics, and hospital stay were comparable between both groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

G6PD deficiency with WHO class II and above should not be considered a contraindication for right lobe donation.
Discrete embryonic character variation uncovers hidden ecological adaptations in lacertid lizards
Authors: Schlindwein Xenia , Yaryhin Oleksandr , Werneburg Ingmar
Published: March 2022

Embryogenesis is the first step in the ontogenetic life journey of any individual, and is thus a starting point for natural selection to cause evolutionary change. There are slight variations in the timing of embryonic development, known as heterochrony, which may eventually lead to major differences in adult anatomy. To test this hypothesis, the embryonic development of three closely related lizard species, Darevskia armeniaca, Lacerta agilis, and L. viridis, which are adapted to different habitats, was compared by analyzing discrete timing characters. Both intra‐ and interspecific variation was detected. The latter may be interpreted as embryonic pre‐adaptions to later adult lifestyles, demonstrating that developmental penetrance manifests within a few million years. Traits with large intraspecific temporal variation, such as limb‐related features, were susceptible to natural selection. In particular, the mountain‐dwelling, climbing species D. armeniaca showed embryonic preadaptions by an early developing limb anlagen. This observation demonstrated interspecific variation, which was elusive in a previous comparative study based on purely metric data of developing limb lengths, and highlighted the importance of multiple data sources to draw robust conclusions about evolutionary change. Timing differences indicated unexplored ecological adaptations of the poorly understood lifestyle of these lizards. Thus, embryonic research provides a platform to explore superficially hidden evolutionary adaptations of all organisms on Earth.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac morphology and functions in pregnant women with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Oluklu Deniz , Kara Ozgur , Turgut Ezgi , Goncu Ayhan Sule , Yildirim Muradiye , Sahin Dilek
Published: March 2022

Objective

We aimed to evaluate and compare fetal cardiac morphology and functions of pregnant women with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and healthy pregnant women.

Methods

The study included 34 pregnant women with FMF and 68 healthy pregnant women matched with maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in 34th–37th gestational weeks. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation was performed with two‐dimensional (2D) imaging, M‐mode imaging, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).

Results

Fetal cardiac morphological measures, including cardiothoracic ratio, cardiac axis angle, right and left ventricular area, sphericity index, and ventricular septal thickness was similar in both groups. Compared with the control group, myocardial performance index (MPI), which indicates global myocardial performance, was significantly higher, and ejection time (ET) was significantly shortened in the FMF group. In addition, which shows the diastolic functional parameters such as, tricuspid E wave, E/A, E/E' ratio, and mitral E wave, E/A, E/E' ratio, were significantly higher; tricuspid A and mitral A waves were significantly lower. We found that mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE) were significantly lower in those with FMF duration over eight years than those with FMF duration less than 8 years.

Conclusion

There is no fetal cardiac morphological change in pregnant women with FMF. However, there may be changes in diastolic function. As the maternal FMF duration increases, systolic functions may also change.
Present status and future directions: Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation
Authors: Plotino Gianluca , Abella Sans Francesc , Duggal Monty S. , Grande Nicola M. , Krastl Gabriel , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Gambarini Gianluca
Published: March 2022

Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation procedures are important treatment options that clinicians may consider performing in their day‐to‐day clinical practice. Despite compromised teeth are generally considered for extraction, clinicians must be aware that these cases could be suitable for management by these alternative predictable treatment options. Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation or tooth autotransplantation have similar treatment protocols which includes atraumatic tooth extraction, visualisation of the root portion and replantation. Surgical extrusion is defined as the ‘procedure in which the remaining tooth structure is repositioned at a more coronal/supragingival position in the same socket in which the tooth was located originally’. Intentional replantation is defined as the ‘deliberate extraction of a tooth and after evaluation of root surfaces, endodontic manipulation and repair, placement of the tooth back into its original position’. Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the ‘transplantation of an unerupted or erupted tooth in the same individual, from one site to another extraction site or a new surgically prepared socket’. The same team previously published a narrative review (International Endodontic Journal. 2020, 53, 1636) and European Society of Endodontology position statement (International Endodontic Journal. 2020, 54, 655) on this topic in International Endodontic Journal. The aim of the current updated review was to provide the reader a complete overview and background on these procedures, to established clear clinical protocols and step‐by‐step for technically perform these therapies in their clinical practice and to establish future directions on the topics. The clinicians must periodically update their knowledge about these three procedures to achieve success.
Lateritic soil geopolymer composites for ceramics and engineering construction applications
Authors: Sá Ribeiro Marilene G. , Sardela Mauro R. , Keane Patrick F. , Lopez Juan S. , Kriven Waltraud M. , Sá Ribeiro Ruy A.
Published: March 2022

Characterization of an Amazonian, laterite‐doped, kaolinitic soil (LK) or “lateritic soil” and laterite‐doped metakaolin (LMK) calcined at two distinct rates, as well as granite‐marble (GM) particulate industrial wastes was performed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and particle size and distribution analysis. In addition, an LMK geopolymer (GP) and a lateritic metakaolin‐based GP reinforced with granite‐marble composite (LMKGP‐GM) were tested for water resistance and for mechanical strength. XRD and XRF were used to investigate the composition of the composite materials, while XRD confirmed the formation of GP. Just as in the case of highly reactive commercial metakaolin used in construction, according to this study, lateritic soil‐based metakaolin presented similar characteristics. Therefore, it could be used in the development of more sustainable ceramics and construction materials, including the use of GM waste as a reinforcing phase/aggregate.
Experimental analysis and machine learning modeling of optical properties of lithium disilicate glass–ceramics comprising lithium tantalate as a secondary phase
Authors: DeCeanne Anthony V. , Wilkinson Collin J. , Dittmer Marc , Ritzberger Christian , Rampf Markus , Mauro John C.
Published: March 2022

Color is an important property of lithium disilicate (LD) glass–ceramics for a variety of applications. For example, the color of dental glass–ceramics needs to be tuned to match the color of natural teeth. The present study examines the optical properties of LD glass–ceramics containing lithium tantalate as a secondary phase via ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A large data set is analyzed to investigate the relationship between heat treatments and optical properties, specifically the L*a*b* color coordinates. The color coordinates are dependent on the heat treatment following previously acquired phase data. The data are used to train a two‐step machine learning model to predict what heat treatment is needed to obtain a given set of color coordinates.
Diagnosis and treatment of influenza based on health insurance claims between the 2010–2011 and 2019–2020 influenza seasons in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Eiko , Iwasaki Kosuke , Hongo Yoshie , Yoshida Manami , Kinoshita Masahiro , Hiroi Shinzo , Tamura Daisuke
Published: March 2022

Medical practices for influenza virus infection vary among countries. In Japan, treatment with anti‐influenza drugs is recommended for patients diagnosed with influenza. This health claims database study provides quantitative information aimed at describing the actual medical practices, including diagnostic testing and medication use, for managing influenza in Japan. Most patients diagnosed with influenza underwent diagnostic tests and were prescribed anti‐influenza drugs. Meanwhile, the majority of patients prescribed anti‐influenza drugs had undergone diagnostic testing. However, an increase in the percentage of anti‐influenza prescriptions without diagnostic testing was observed during the 2019–2020 influenza season, which may be associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic.