bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przydatność IGRA i próby tuberkulinowej w diagnozowaniu utajonego zakażenia prątkiem gruźlicy w grupach narażonych na zawodowe czynniki ryzyka—Κomentarz do artykułu D. Borkowskiej i wsp.
Authors: Targowski Tomasz
Published: September 2016

W pierwszym numerze “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” z 2014 roku ukazała się kazuistyczna praca autorstwa Pani mgr Dagmary Borkowskiej i wsp [...]
O discurso pedagógico na ditadura militar: Educação Moral e Cívica & currículo escolar
Authors: Rostas Márcia Helena Sauaia Guimarães , Abreu Alexandre Kerson de
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, o funcionamento do discurso pedagógico utilizado na disciplina de Educação Moral e Cívica, implantada nas escolas brasileiras durante o regime militar. Para isso, será realizado um estudo de caso sobre um dos livros didáticos utilizados na época: “Educação Moral e Cívica”, dos autores Otto Costa, Felipe N. Moschini e José C. Paixão. Por meio da Análise de Discurso (AD) de linha francesa, procuraremos mostrar os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelo sujeito discursivo e seu interlocutor, observando as diferentes formações discursivas presentes, o processo de interpelação do sujeito pela ideologia e o conceito de interdiscurso/memória discursiva.
Meios digitais em práticas pedagógicas na educação: uma análise hermenêutico-fenomenológica
Authors: Azevedo Adriana Barroso de
Published: September 2016

O artigo aqui apresentado traz resultados de pesquisa realizada com 11 professores, indicados por serem inovadores, criativos e por possuírem práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas com uso de tecnologias, que atuam em escolas nas redes pública e privada dos municípios de São Bernardo do Campo e São Paulo. O trabalho parte da concepção da pesquisa-formação (JOSSO, 2010) e busca promover reflexão com vistas à construção de conhecimentos sobre educação e tecnologia. As narrativas das experiências docentes com uso de tecnologia, construídas em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, foram analisadas a partir da abordagem hermenêutica-fenomenológica (Freire 2012, Ricouer 1986). Os resultados apontam que as práticas não estão ancoradas no uso da tecnologia em si, mas no desejo desses educadores de promover uma educação mais humanizada e próxima do contexto de seu aluno.
Editorial – Revista Educação
Authors: Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas , Henz Celso Ilgo , Berni Clenio Perlin
Published: September 2016

Editorial
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates focal adhesions at the leading edge of migrating cells
Authors: Teckchandani Anjali , Cooper Jonathan A
Published: September 2016

Cell migration requires the cyclical assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions. Adhesion induces phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins, including Cas (Crk-associated substrate/p130Cas/BCAR1). However, Cas phosphorylation stimulates adhesion turnover. This raises the question of how adhesion assembly occurs against opposition from phospho-Cas. Here we show that suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) and Cullin 5, two components of the CRL5SOCS6 ubiquitin ligase, inhibit Cas-dependent focal adhesion turnover at the front but not rear of migrating epithelial cells. The front focal adhesions contain phospho-Cas which recruits SOCS6. If SOCS6 cannot access focal adhesions, or if cullins or the proteasome are inhibited, adhesion disassembly is stimulated. This suggests that the localized targeting of phospho-Cas within adhesions by CRL5SOCS6 and concurrent cullin and proteasome activity provide a negative feedback loop, ensuring that adhesion assembly predominates over disassembly at the leading edge. By this mechanism, ubiquitination provides a new level of spatio-temporal control over cell migration.
Barriers and Drivers for Innovation in Times of Crisis
Authors: Cândido Ana Clara , Wielevick Patrícia Feronha , Zimmermann Ricardo Augusto
Published: September 2016

The economic crisis which started in 2008 has demonstrated more clearly the importance of conjuncture aspects for organizational results evidencing associated opportunities and vulnerabilities. In such a context, if on one hand innovation is affected by investment reduction by most enterprises, on the other it has shown to be one of the “antidotes” against the crisis and appears as fertile soil for investments, in the organizational as well as in the territorial context. Enterprises and countries which maintained or even raised efforts toward innovation have demonstrated a higher resilience in times of difficulty. This study aims at identifying opportunities and threats to the innovation performance of firms by means of the study of the crisis effects upon external facilitators and barriers. Besides the literature review, case studies developed in Portuguese and Brazilian enterprises are used for the analysis of the practical effects of the identified aspects in two distinct realities in what concerns the economic crisis. The results show that although Portugal has suffered the crisis effects, in a general way, more than Brazil, when we look to innovation performance, Portugal has shown better results than Brazil during and after the crisis. This study contributes to enterprise and academic purposes since it classifies factors which influence innovation positive or negatively in times of crisis.
An Alternative Needling Site for Hemodialysis—Retrograde Brachiocephalic AV Fistulas: A Case Series
Authors: Khalid Usman , Horvath Szabolcs , Saunders Elaine , Davies Lynn , Morris Rhys , Ilham Mohamed A. , Stephens Michael R.
Published: September 2016

Establishing a patient with a functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains a challenge for vascular access surgeons. The presence of venous branches directing flow away from the main outflow vein in a brachiocephalic fistula may be one of the reasons for their failure to mature, and often these are ligated. When not ligated, “retrograde flow” may occur and develop into an “unorthodox” fistula. At the Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, 331 brachiocephalic fistulas were created for hemodialysis access over a 3-year period. Five male patients were identified, with a median age of 69 years, who had, as a result of proximal cephalic vein stenosis/occlusion, developed a functioning mature fistula within a distal branch/forearm vein that eventually drains via the basilic vein. Moreover, the flow rates within these new fistula outflow veins were comparable to functioning conventional brachiocephalic fistulas. These retrograde brachiocephalic fistulas that have been inadvertently/accidentally created appear to be successful in providing stable vascular access for hemodialysis. These cases are an interesting find, as such branches often would have been ligated at the time of fistula creation. When creating an AVF between the brachial artery and the median cubital vein, consideration should be given to not ligating the below elbow cephalic vein.
Vimentin filament controls integrin α5β1‐mediated cell adhesion by binding to integrin through its Ser38 residue
Authors: Kim Jiyoon , Jang Jungim , Yang Chansik , Kim Eun Jin , Jung Hosung , Kim Chungho
Published: September 2016

Regulation of integrin affinity for its ligand is essential for cell adhesion and migration. Here, we found that direct interaction of vimentin with integrin β1 can enhance binding of integrin α5β1 to its ligand, fibronectin. Conversely, blocking the interaction reduced fibronectin binding, cell migration on a fibronectin‐coated surface, and neural tube closure during Xenopus embryogenesis. We also found that withaferin A (WFA), a natural compound known to inhibit vimentin function, can suppress the vimentin–integrin interaction and abolish fibronectin binding. Finally, we identified Ser38 of vimentin as a critical residue for integrin binding. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser38 may regulate the integrin–ligand interaction, thus providing a molecular basis for antivimentin therapeutic strategies.
Tropical storm redistribution of Saharan dust to the upper troposphere and ocean surface
Authors: Herbener Stephen R. , Saleeby Stephen M. , van den Heever Susan C. , Twohy Cynthia H.
Published: September 2016

As a tropical cyclone traverses the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), the storm will spatially redistribute the dust from the SAL. Dust deposited on the surface may affect ocean fertilization, and dust transported to the upper levels of the troposphere may impact radiative forcing. This study explores the relative amounts of dust that are vertically redistributed when a tropical cyclone crosses the SAL. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was configured to simulate the passage of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) through the SAL. A dust mass budget approach has been applied, enabled by a novel dust mass tracking capability of the model, to determine the amounts of dust deposited on the ocean surface and transferred aloft. The mass of dust removed to the ocean surface was predicted to be nearly 2 orders of magnitude greater than the amount of dust transported to the upper troposphere.
Wave function properties of a single and a system of magnetic flux tube(s) oscillations
Authors: Esmaeili Shahriar , Nasiri Mojtaba , Dadashi Neda , Safari Hossein
Published: September 2016

In this study, the properties of wave functions of the MHD oscillations for a single and a system of straight flux tubes are investigated. Magnetic flux tubes with a straight magnetic field and longitudinal density stratification were considered in zero‐β approximation. A single three‐dimensional wave equation (eigenvalue problem) is solved for longitudinal component of the perturbed magnetic field using the finite element method. Wave functions (eigenfunction of wave equation) of the MHD oscillations are categorized into sausage, kink, helical kink, and fluting modes. Exact recognition of the wave functions and the frequencies of oscillations can be used in coronal seismology and also helps to the future high‐resolution instruments that would be designed for studying the properties of the solar loop oscillations in details. The properties of collective oscillations of nonidentical and identical system of flux tubes and their interactions are studied. The ratios of frequencies, the oscillation frequencies of a system of flux tubes to their equivalent monolithic tube (
), are obtained between 0.748 and 0.841 for a system of nonidentical tubes, whereas the related ratios of frequencies for a system of identical flux tubes are fluctuated around 0.761.
On improving the accuracy of electron density profiles obtained at high altitudes by the ionospheric sounder on the Mars Express spacecraft
Authors: Němec F. , Morgan D. D. , Gurnett D. A.
Published: September 2016

We attempt to improve the standard inversion routine used to obtain electron density profiles from the data measured by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) topside radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft. Artificial ionospheric traces corresponding to how the MARSIS instrument would see model electron density profiles are constructed, and they are inverted using the standard routine. Ideally, this should result in the original electron density profiles. However, it is found that discrepancies between the original and resulting electron density profiles may be significant, in particular at larger solar zenith angles and for higher spacecraft altitudes. This is due to a gap of MARSIS time delay measurements at low‐sounding frequencies, and a necessity to interpolate electron density profiles in this plasma frequency range. Although the ionospheric scale height likely increases with the altitude, the standard inversion routine uses an exponential interpolation with a constant scale height. We suggest a new inversion method, which takes into account expected shapes of ionospheric profiles in the interpolation region. We verify the performance of this method both on the model electron density profiles and on real MARSIS data. We demonstrate that it seems to perform considerably better than the standard routine, in particular for higher spacecraft altitudes. Finally, we use the new inversion method to obtain a revised dependence of the peak altitude on the solar zenith angle.
Where giant earthquakes may come
Authors: Marzocchi W. , Sandri L. , Heuret A. , Funiciello F.
Published: September 2016

Giant earthquakes (Mw≥8.5) usually occur on the boundary between subducting and overriding plates of converging margins, but it is not yet clear which (if any) subduction zones are more prone to produce such a kind of events. Here we show that subduction zones may have different capabilities to produce giant earthquakes. We analyze the frequency‐magnitude distribution of the interplate earthquakes at subduction zones that occurred during 1976–2007 and calculate the propensity (defined as the average annual rate) of giant events for about half of the subduction zones. We find that the b value of interplate earthquakes is significantly different among the subduction zones, and out‐of‐sample giant earthquakes (before 1976 and after 2007) have occurred preferentially in high‐propensity areas. Besides the importance for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation, our results seem to indicate that a higher seismicity rate does not necessarily imply a higher likelihood to generate giant earthquakes, and the way in which the stress is released at a subduction interface does not change significantly after the occurrence of such events.
How dual‐polarization radar observations can be used to verify model representation of secondary ice
Authors: Sinclair Victoria A. , Moisseev Dmitri , von Lerber Annakaisa
Published: September 2016

In this paper it is discussed how dual‐polarization radar observations can be used to verify model representations of secondary ice production. An event where enhanced specific differential phase, Kdp, signatures in snow occur at the altitudes where temperatures lie in the range between −8 and −3°C is investigated. By combining radar and surface‐based precipitation observations it is shown that these dual‐polarization radar signatures are most likely caused by ice with concentrations exceeding those expected from primary ice parameterizations. It is also shown that the newly formed ice particles readily aggregate, which may explain why Kdp values seem to be capped at 0.2–0.3°/km for a C band radar. For the event of interest, multiple high‐resolution (1 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations are conducted. When the default versions of the Morrison microphysics schemes were used, the simulated number concentration of frozen hydrometeors is much lower than observed and the simulated ice particle concentrations are comparable with values expected from primary ice parameterizations. Higher ice concentrations, which exceed values expected from primary ice parameterizations, were simulated when ad hoc thresholds for rain and cloud water mixing ratio in the Hallett‐Mossop part of the Morrison scheme were removed. These results suggest that the parameterization of secondary ice production in operational weather prediction models needs to be revisited and that dual‐polarization radar observations, in conjunction with ancillary observations, can be used to verify them.
Product–Process–Facility Relationship
Authors: Odum Jeffrey
Published: September 2016

The relationship between manufactured product and the process by which it is manufactured determines the facility design. While this is common to many industries, for the manufacture of biological products, the relationship is much more complex. Biomanufacturing differs from traditional manufacturing of drugs by a chemical synthesis, because the products are produced around living organisms instead of chemical raw materials. Hence, the biomanufacturing process is based on biological and chemical unit operations.

According to the current paradigm of the biotech industry, the entire manufacturing process determines the quality of the product; therefore, the entire manufacturing process must be defined and controlled carefully to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the product. The design of the facility must meet the current Good Manufacturing Practice and other guidelines.
Band Diagram and Rate Analysis of Thin Film Spinel LiMn2O4 Formed by Electrochemical Conversion of ALD‐Grown MnO
Authors: Young Matthias J. , Schnabel Hans‐Dieter , Holder Aaron M. , George Steven M. , Musgrave Charles B.
Published: September 2016

Nanoscale spinel lithium manganese oxide is of interest as a high‐rate cathode material for advanced battery technologies among other electrochemical applications. In this work, the synthesis of ultrathin films of spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) between 20 and 200 nm in thickness by room‐temperature electrochemical conversion of MnO grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is demonstrated. The charge storage properties of LiMn2O4 thin films in electrolytes containing Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ are investigated. A unified electrochemical band‐diagram (UEB) analysis of LiMn2O4 informed by screened hybrid density functional theory calculations is also employed to expand on existing understanding of the underpinnings of charge storage and stability in LiMn2O4. It is shown that the incorporation of Li+ or other cations into the host manganese dioxide spinel structure (λ‐MnO2) stabilizes electronic states from the conduction band which align with the known redox potentials of LiMn2O4. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrate that up to 30% of the capacity of LiMn2O4 arises from bulk electronic charge‐switching which does not require compensating cation mass transport. The hybrid ALD‐electrochemical synthesis, UEB analysis, and unique charge storage mechanism described here provide a fundamental framework to guide the development of future nanoscale electrode materials for ion‐incorporation charge storage.
Ultrabroadband Optical Superchirality in a 3D Stacked‐Patch Plasmonic Metamaterial Designed by Two‐Step Glancing Angle Deposition
Authors: Hou Yidong , Leung Ho Ming , Chan Che Ting , Du Jinglei , Chan Helen Lai‐Wai , Lei Dang Yuan
Published: September 2016

Low‐cost and large‐scale fabrication of 3D chiral metamaterials is highly desired for potential applications such as nanophotonics devices and chiral biosensors. One of the promising fabrication methods is to use glancing angle deposition (GLAD) of metal on self‐assembled dielectric microsphere array. However, structural handedness varies locally due to long‐range disorder of the array and therefore large‐scale realization of the same handedness is impossible. Here, using symmetry considerations a two‐step GLAD process is proposed to eliminate this longstanding problem. In the proposed scheme, the unavoidable long‐range disorder gives rise to microscale domains of the same handedness but of slightly different structural geometries and ultimately contributes to a broad‐band response. Experimentally, a record‐breaking superchiral response of circular dichroism signal of ≈11° is demonstrated and an average polarization rotation angle of 27° in the visible region on ≈1 cm2 sample is observed. Computer‐aided geometric reconstruction with experimental parameters unambiguously reveal the presence of strong structural anisotropy and chirality in the prepared stacked‐patch plasmonic chiral metamaterial; microscopic spectral analyses combined with full‐wave electromagnetic simulations coherently provide deeper insights into the measured circular dichroism and optical activity. The observed chiroptical response can also be flexibly controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters for various potential applications.
Conditions for Reversible Na Intercalation in Graphite: Theoretical Studies on the Interplay Among Guest Ions, Solvent, and Graphite Host
Authors: Yoon Gabin , Kim Haegyeom , Park Inchul , Kang Kisuk
Published: September 2016

Graphite is the most widely used anode material for Li‐ion batteries and is also considered a promising anode for K‐ion batteries. However, Na+, a similar alkali ion to Li+ or K+, is incapable of being intercalated into graphite and thus, graphite is not considered a potential electrode for Na‐ion batteries. This atypical behavior of Na has drawn considerable attention; however, a clear explanation of its origin has not yet been provided. Herein, through a systematic investigation of alkali metal graphite intercalation compounds (AM‐GICs, AM = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) in various solvent environments, it is demonstrated that the unfavorable local Na‐graphene interaction primarily leads to the instability of Na‐GIC formation but can be effectively modulated by screening Na ions with solvent molecules. Moreover, it is shown that the reversible Na intercalation into graphite is possible only for specific conditions of electrolytes with respect to the Na‐solvent solvation energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the complexes. It is believed that these conditions are applicable to other electrochemical systems involving guest ions and an intercalation host and hint at a general strategy to tailor the electrochemical intercalation between pure guest ion intercalation and cointercalation.
Thermodynamic equilibrium solutions through a modified Newton Raphson method
Authors: Marinoni Marianna , Carrayrou Jérôme , Lucas Yann , Ackerer Philippe
Published: September 2016

In numerical codes for reactive transport modeling, systems of nonlinear chemical equations are often solved through the Newton Raphson method (NR). NR is an iterative procedure that results in a sequential solution of linear systems. The algorithm is known for its effectiveness in the vicinity of the solution but also for its lack of robustness otherwise. Therefore, inaccurate initial conditions can lead to non‐convergence or excessive numbers of iterations, which significantly increase the computational cost. In this work, we show that inaccurate initial conditions can lead to very ill‐conditioned system matrices, which makes NR inefficient. This efficiency is improved by preconditioning techniques and/or by coupling the NR method with a zero‐order method called the positive continuous fraction method. Numerical experiments that are based on seven different test cases show that the ill‐conditioned linear systems within NR represent a problem and that coupling NR with a method that bypasses the computation of the Jacobian matrix significantly improves the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1246–1262, 2017
Water content of light n‐alkanes: New measurements and cubic‐plus‐association equation of state modeling
Authors: Zirrahi Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Abedi Jalal
Published: September 2016

Light hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane or other so called gaseous solvents have been suggested as steam additives to improve bitumen recovery and energy efficiency. The water content of these gases is one of the key requirements in the simulation and design of solvent‐aided thermal heavy oil recovery processes. In this work, we present new experimental data for the water content of these gases at high temperatures (up to 493.15 K) and moderate pressures (P < 6 MPa). The experimental data was regenerated using the cubic‐plus‐association equation of state. The Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state is used to treat the physical interactions. The association interactions are captured using Wertheim's first‐order thermodynamic perturbation theory. A set of binary interaction parameters is proposed to calculate the water content of methane, ethane, propane, and n‐butane at the operating conditions of the thermal heavy oil and bitumen recovery processes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1384–1389, 2017
A Longitudinal Study of Predictors of Housing Stability, Housing Quality, and Mental Health Functioning Among Single Homeless Individuals Staying in Emergency Shelters
Authors: Aubry Tim , Duhoux Arnaud , Klodawsky Fran , Ecker John , Hay Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

The current study examined risk and resilience factors at multiple levels that affect homeless individuals' ability to exit homelessness and achieve housing stability. It also examined the relationship between housing status, housing quality and mental health functioning. The methodology is a longitudinal study of single homeless individuals staying in emergency shelters in a medium‐sized Canadian city who were followed for a 2 year period. Data were collected from participants at a baseline interview when they were homeless and at a 2‐year follow‐up. There were 329 participants interviewed at baseline and 197 (59.9%) participants interviewed at follow‐up. Results from a structural equation modelling analysis found that having interpersonal and community resources were predictive of achieving housing stability. Specifically, having a larger social support network, access to subsidized housing, and greater income was related to achieving housing stability. On the other hand, having a substance use problem was a risk factor associated with a failure to achieving housing stability. Being female, feeling personally empowered, having housing that is perceived of being of higher quality were directly predictive of mental health functioning at follow‐up. Findings are discussed in the context of previous research and their policy implications.
Embryonic hypocellularity, blastogenetic malformations, and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Lubinsky Mark
Published: September 2016

An association between congenital malformations and fetal growth restriction (FGR) can be largely explained by a relationship with early embryonic hypocellularity. The malformations include the VACTERL association, which is exceptional as a Mendelian syndrome, but is commonly associated with monozygotic twinning, maternal diabetes, and some forms of aneuploidy, all characterized by a small embryo early in development. Parsimony suggests that these different links to VACTERL are related to the hypocellularity as a single common factor, rather than as an expression of three independent pathogenetic processes. A distinct non‐genetic pathogenesis is further supported by increased frequencies in the same conditions of a single umbilical artery (SUA), which is also unusual in Mendelian disorders. SUA often involves the atrophy of one artery, which may be facilitated by altered hemodynamics in a smaller embryo, providing a direct link to hypocellularity. Hypocellularity may also explain a possible connection between VACTERL and certain mitochondrial disorders, where reduced energy might slow early cell division and growth, reducing the size of the embryo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐biofouling anion exchange membrane using surface modified quaternized poly(ether imide) for microbial fuel cells
Authors: Elangovan Mahendiravarman , Dharmalingam Sangeetha
Published: September 2016

This article deals with a novel way of improving the anti‐biofouling potential of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) by surface modification with ethanol amine (AEOH), a low cost material without affecting the chemical structure and morphology of Quaternized Poly(ether imide) (QPEI), the host membrane. The anti‐biofouling potential of the AEM was evaluated using bacteria anti‐adhesion test, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, water uptake, and the AEOH modification time. The data reveal that power density in all MFCs attain the highest in the sixth batch and thereafter declined albeit in a varying rate as expected measuring the least for QPEI‐30. Periodical measurement of internal resistance and protein content on the membrane surfaces were found to be the least for QPEI‐30 when compared with others. A reduced biofouling with improved anti‐biofouling property is attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity due to surface modification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44432.
Generating human serotonergic neurons in vitro: Methodological advances
Authors: Vadodaria Krishna C. , Marchetto Maria C. , Mertens Jerome , Gage Fred H.
Published: September 2016

Technologies for deriving human neurons in vitro have transformed our ability to study cellular and molecular components of human neurotransmission. Three groups, including our own, have recently published methods for efficiently generating human serotonergic neurons in vitro. Remarkably, serotonergic neurons derived from each method robustly produce serotonin, express raphe genes, are electrically active, and respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in vitro. Two of the methods utilize transdifferentiation technology by overexpressing key serotonergic transcription factors. The third and most recent method involves differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to serotonergic neurons using developmental patterning cues. In this mini‐review, we briefly describe the developmental programs governing serotonergic specification in vivo and how they have been harnessed to achieve serotonergic differentiation in vitro. We discuss the distinct and overlapping features of the recently published methodologies and their value in the context of in vitro disease modeling.

Also see the video abstract here.
Randomized clinical trial of chewing gum after laparoscopic colorectal resection
Authors: Shum N F , Choi H K , Mak J C K , Foo D C C , Li W C , Law W L
Published: September 2016

Background

Chewing gum may enhance intestinal motility after surgery. This trial studied whether chewing gum could lead to a further reduction in ileus in patients who had a laparoscopic colorectal resection and followed an enhanced recovery programme.

Methods

Patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were randomized to a control or intervention group. Patients in the control group received a standardized recovery programme. Patients in the intervention group were, in addition, given chewing gum three times daily from day 1 until discharge. Primary outcome measures were time to first flatus and first bowel motion. Time to feeling hungry and hospital stay were secondary outcome measures.

Results

Forty-one patients were randomized into each group. Thirty-seven patients underwent rectal resection and 45 had a colonic resection. Time to passage of flatus was shorter (18 versus 34 h; P = 0·007), first bowel motion occurred earlier (19 versus 44 h; P = 0·001) and time to feeling hungry was earlier (16 versus 25 h; P = 0·001) in the intervention group. There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay (5 days in the intervention group versus 5·5 days in the control group). Subgroup analyses revealed that the benefits of chewing gum were clearer in patients who had a colonic resection, with a shorter time to first flatus (20 versus 35 h; P = 0·043), first bowel motion (19 versus 53 h; P = 0·014) and feeling hungry (14 versus 40 h; P = 0·001). No adverse events were attributed to chewing gum.

Conclusion

Chewing gum is a simple intervention that speeds intestinal transit in patients managed with a recovery programme after laparoscopic colorectal resection. Registration number: NCT02419586 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
An Effective Route for the Room Temperature Formation of Pd Coatings on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kim Yeong‐Joon , Lee Im‐Kyu , Song Jae Hee
Published: September 2016

We present an easy one‐pot synthesis route for the production of palladium nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐supported Pd‐nanomaterial composites by a simple proton beam irradiation process in an aqueous solution at room temperature. Pristine and surface‐modified MWCNTs were used to prepare MWCNT–Pd hybrids. Pd nanoparticles on the surfaces of MWCNTs were produced in situ in an aqueous solution without the addition of any harsh reducing agent. Pristine and thiolated MWCNTs were both densely decorated with spherical Pd nanoparticles and eventually Pd nanowire formation on MWCNTs was realized when reaction times exceeded 60 min. The thicknesses of Pd coatings on MWCNT surfaces were controlled by varying the concentration of MWCNTs in the reaction mixture. MWCNT‐Pd composites were characterized by time‐resolved transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and the results obtained showed that Pd coatings were continuous, and resulted in a MWCNT‐supported Pd nanowire structure.
A New Kaempferol‐based Ru(II) Coordination Complex, Ru(kaem)Cl(DMSO)3: Structure and Absorption–Emission Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Shao Mingwei , Gang Jongback , Kim Sanghyo , Yoon Minyoung
Published: September 2016

Recent interest in developing a new anticancer drug with low side effects has led to the study of the combination of two new anticancer drugs. Although both kaempferol (kaem) and Ru‐based metal complexes have not been proven as effective drugs, their unique anticancer activities with reduced side effects have drawn our attention to the need for further studies on their potential in anticancer application. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, structure, and spectroscopic properties of a kaem‐based Ru (II) complex, RuCl(kaem)(DMSO)3 (1). Because of the presence of a catechol‐like functional group in its dihydropyran ring, kaem can strongly bind to the Ru(II) metal center in a basic medium. The molecular structure of the complex was characterized by spectroscopic studies and X‐ray crystal structure analysis. In addition, the complex forms a molecular dimer as a result of the cooperative effect of H‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions. Moreover, the molecular dimer forms a ladder‐like one‐dimensional network structure by water mediated H‐bonding that further extended into a three‐dimensional packing structure. UV–Vis spectroscopy studies of the complex demonstrated the appearance of a strong metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the visible region with strong fluorescence emission derived from the MLCT. Further studies are now in progress to demonstrate synergetic anticancer activity.
HPV16 variants distribution in invasive cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anus
Authors: Nicolás‐Párraga Sara , Gandini Carolina , Pimenoff Ville N. , Alemany Laia , de Sanjosé Silvia , Xavier Bosch F. , Bravo Ignacio G. ,   the RIS HPV TT and HPV VVAP study groups
Published: September 2016

Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 is the most oncogenic human papillomavirus, responsible for most papillomavirus‐induced anogenital cancers. We have explored by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis the viral variant lineages present in 692 HPV16‐monoinfected invasive anogenital cancers from Europe, Asia, and Central/South America. We have assessed the contribution of geography and anatomy to the differential prevalence of HPV16 variants and to the nonsynonymous E6 T350G polymorphism. Most (68%) of the variance in the distribution of HPV16 variants was accounted for by the differential abundance of the different viral lineages. The most prevalent variant (above 70% prevalence) in all regions and in all locations was HPV16_A1‐3, except in Asia, where HPV16_A4 predominated in anal cancers. The differential prevalence of variants as a function of geographical origin explained 9% of the variance, and the differential prevalence of variants as a function of anatomical location accounted for less than 3% of the variance. Despite containing similar repertoires of HPV16 variants, we confirm the worldwide trend of cervical cancers being diagnosed significantly earlier than other anogenital cancers (early fifties vs. early sixties). Frequencies for alleles in the HPV16 E6 T350G polymorphism were similar across anogenital cancers from the same geographical origin. Interestingly, anogenital cancers from Central/South America displayed higher 350G allele frequencies also within HPV16_A1‐3 lineage compared with Europe. Our results demonstrate ample variation in HPV16 variants prevalence in anogenital cancers, which is partly explained by the geographical origin of the sample and only marginally explained by the anatomical location of the lesion, suggesting that tissue specialization is not essential evolutionary forces shaping HPV16 diversity in anogenital cancers.
On generalized Borgen plots II: The line‐moving algorithm and its numerical implementation
Authors: Jürß Annekathrin , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus
Published: September 2016

Borgen plots are geometric constructions that represent the set of all nonnegative factorizations of spectral data matrices for three‐component systems. The classical construction by Borgen and Kowalski (Anal. Chim. Acta 174, 1‐26 (1985)) is limited to nonnegative data and results in nonnegative factorizations. The new approach of generalized Borgen plots allows factors with small negative entries. This makes it possible to construct Borgen plots for perturbed or noisy spectral data and stabilizes the computation. In the first part of this paper, the mathematical theory of generalized Borgen plots has been introduced. This second part presents the line‐moving algorithm for the construction of generalized Borgen plots. The algorithm is justified, and the implementation in the FACPACK software is validated.
“Grafting” of Coordination Complex Modified Polyoxometalate on Ethylenediamine Planted Polyvinylidene Fluoride: Superhydrophilic Composite Membrane for Oxytetracycline Treatment
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaoxing , Yang Hongyu , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: September 2016

Under the guide of chemical bonding, a composite membrane had been fabricated successfully through grafting of a coordination complex modified polyoxometalate to an ethylenediamine planted polyvinylidene fluoride. Compared with neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, the oxytetracycline adsorption capacity of the polyoxometalate grafted composite membrane has been improved to a great extent. In addition, this polyoxometalate grafted composite membrane also exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, which leads to a clear enhancement in its antifouling properties. Besides oxytetracycline, its performances in the removal of other tetracycline‐type antibiotics, such as tetracycline and doxycycline, also looks outstanding. Furthermore, after successive adsorption and desorption experiments, the pollutant removal activity and antifouling property of this composite membrane are well retained, which suggests it is stable for removing tetracycline‐type antibiotics in waste water treatment processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Vacancy Ordering in an Antiperovskite Resulting in Two Modifications of Fe2SeO.
Authors: Valldor Martin , Wright Taylor , Fitch Andrew , Prots Yurii
Published: September 2016

Single crystals of two modifications of Fe2SeO are grown in a CsCl flux using a 4:1:1:3 molar mixture of Fe, Se, SeO2, and CsCl (evacuated silica tubes, 750 °C, 96 h; cooling to 500 °C over 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium‐Indium Ordering in the Complex [Ni2Ga3In] Network of GdNi2Ga3In.
Authors: Galadzhun Yaroslav V. , Horiacha Myroslava M. , Nychyporuk Galyna P. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl I.
Published: September 2016

The isotypic compounds LnNi2Ga3In (Ln: Y, Gd—Tm) are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Lightweight Shape‐Memory Magnesium Alloy.
Authors: Ogawa Yukiko , Ando Daisuke , Sutou Yuji , Koike Junichi
Published: September 2016

A β‐type Mg—20.5 at% Sc alloy exhibits superelasticity of 4.4% at ‐150 °C and shape recovery upon heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and the Temperature‐Dependent Luminescent Properties of SrWO4:Eu3+ Ultralong Nanowire Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Dao‐Jun , Zhang Jing‐Chao , Zhou Jing‐Yang , Cai Sun‐Shou , Gao Yue , Yuan Bai‐Qing , Zhang Ren‐Chun
Published: September 2016

SrWO4:Eu3 + nanowires with high aspect ratio are prepared by solvothermal reaction of Sr(NO3)2, Eu(NO3)3, and Na2WO4 which are subsequently added to a solution of NaOH in H2O, oleic acid, EtOH, and cyclohexane as a poor solvent‐induced self‐assembly process (180 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nonequivalent Substitution and Charge‐Induced Emitter‐Migration Design of Tuning Spectral and Duration Properties of NaCa2GeO4F:Mn2+ Persistent Luminescent Phosphor.
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Feng Lin , Zhang Jiachi , Ci Zhipeng , Zhang Zhiya , Wang Yuhua
Published: September 2016

Codoping of the title phosphor with Li+, Al3+, N3‐, Ga3+, or B3+ leads to red emission color and improves its duration properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Double Cation Order in the High‐Pressure Perovskites MnRMnSbO6.
Authors: Solana‐Madruga Elena , Arevalo‐Lopez Angel M. , Dos Santos‐Garcia Antonio J. , Urones‐Garrote Esteban , Avila‐Brande David , Saez‐Puche Regino , Attfield J. Paul
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline MnLnMnSbO6 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm) samples are prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric amounts of MnO, Sb2O3, and Ln2O3 (multianvil press, 1473 K, 10 GPa, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Competition Between the Direct Exchange Interaction and Superexchange Interaction in Layered Compounds LiCrSe2, LiCrTe2, and NaCrTe2 with a Triangular Lattice.
Authors: Kobayashi Shintaro , Ueda Hiroaki , Michioka Chishiro , Yoshimura Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline LiCrSe2, LiCrTe2, and NaCrTe2 are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements in stoichiometric amounts (Al2O3 crucible in silica tube under Ar, 700 °C, 24 h) in case of the Li compounds and by a stoichiometric mixture of Na2Te and Cr2Te3 (silica tube under N2, 500 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Extensive Parallelism Between Crystal Parameters and Magnetic Phase Transitions of Unusually Ferromagnetic Praseodymium Manganite Nanoparticles.
Authors: Sadhu Anustup , Salunke Hemant G. , Shivaprasad Sonnada M. , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: September 2016

Rietveld analyses of XRD patterns of PrMn0.9O3 nanoparticles with a constant Pnma space group from 300 to 10 K predict the four magnetic phases, viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving the Thermodynamic Stability of Aluminate Spinel Nanoparticles with Rare Earths.
Authors: Hasan Md M. , Dey Sanchita , Nafsin Nazia , Mardinly John , Dholabhai Pratik P. , Uberuaga Blas P. , Castro Ricardo H. R.
Published: September 2016

The surface energy of MgAl2O4, an important base material for catalyst supports, is reduced by Y3+, Gd3+, and La3+ dopants prone to form surface excess (surface segregation).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Dimensional Reduction Formalism to Pb12 [Li2(P2O7)2 (P4O13)2](P4O13): A Phosphate Containing Three Types of Isolated P—O Groups.
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Wu Hongping , Wang Ying , Dong Xiaoyu , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline Pb12 [Li2(P2O7)2 (P4O13)2](P4O13) is prepared via calcination of stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, PbO, and NH4H2PO4 (Al2O3 crucible, 630 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxetane Ring Opening with Chloride: Unusual Use of Wet Molecular Sieves for the Controlled Release of HCl.
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Zhaobin , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2016

An enantioselective cleavage of oxetanes with a silyl chloride provides 3‐chloropropanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Benzylic Alkylation of Active Methylene Compounds with α‐Naphthylbenzyl Carbonates and Pivalates.
Authors: Tabuchi Sho , Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: September 2016

An enantioselective benzylic alkylation of active methylene compounds is achieved by using diarylmethyl carbonates, which are converted into chiral coupling products by a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐Cyclobutanes via [2 + 2] Cycloadditions Involving Keteniminium Intermediates.
Authors: Kolleth Amandine , Lumbroso Alexandre , Tanriver Gamze , Catak Saron , Sulzer‐Mosse Sarah , De Mesmaeker Alain
Published: September 2016

Ketene iminium salts, generated by treatment of amides with Tf2O undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with alkenes to form unstable cyclobuteneiminium salts which are reduced to give aminocyclobutanes (III) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Functional Group Tolerant Method for Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization‐Coupling of ε‐Acetylenic β‐Ketoesters with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Chaladaj Wojciech , Domanski Sylwester
Published: September 2016

The annulative difunctionalization of acetylenes via tandem carbocyclization‐coupling of ε‐acetylenic β‐ketoesters with aryl halides catalyzed by a Pd‐species derived from an air‐ and moisture‐stable palladacyclic precatalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzene‐Fused Medium‐Ring Ketones: Gold Catalysis‐Enabled Enolate Umpolung Reactivity.
Authors: Xu Zhou , Chen Hongyi , Wang Zhixun , Ying Anguo , Zhang Liming
Published: September 2016

On heating, N‐alkenoxypyridinium salts from aryl‐substituted linear alkynes react in an SN2 manner to give benzo‐fused seven‐ and eight‐membered cyclic ketones, including O‐ and N‐heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of TMSCCl2Br and Its Use in Dichlorocyclopropanation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Lee Darren S. , Duran‐Pena Maria Jesus , Burroughs Laurence , Woodward Simon
Published: September 2016

The 1,4‐addition of TMSCCl2Br to fumarate (I) and cyclic nitroalkenes is accompanied by cyclization with bromine elimination to afford dichlorocyclopropane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Hydrodeiodination of Aryl, Alkenyl, Alkynyl, and Alkyl Iodides with an Alcoholate as Organic Chain Reductant Through Electron Catalysis.
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido
Published: September 2016

Diethyleneglycol mono methyl ether is developed as cheap hydrogen donor for the dehalogenation of aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Cyclotrimerization and Dimerization of Allenes with Alkynes.
Authors: Sakashita Kazuki , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken
Published: September 2016

A cationic rhodium(I)/binap complex catalyzes the cross‐cyclotrimerization of two molecules of a monosubstituted allene with one molecule of a functionalized alkyne to give 3,6‐dialkylidenecyclohex‐1‐enes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C—H Activation: Versatile Routes to meta‐Alkenylated Arenes.
Authors: Kumar N. Y. Phani , Bechtoldt Alexander , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2016

An oxidative olefination of benzoic acids with alkenes as well as a redox‐neutral hydroarylation of alkynes by benzoic acids yield aryl alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Stereodefined Enol Carbamates with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Rivera Ana Cristina Parra , Still Raymond , Frantz Doug E.
Published: September 2016

The FeCl3‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of E‐ and Z‐enol carbamates with Grignard reagents is reported to yield tri‐ and tetrasubstituted acrylates with retention of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: Easy Access to Furyl‐Substituted Cyclopropane and 1,2‐Dioxolane Derivatives.
Authors: Mata Sergio , Gonzalez Jesus , Vicente Ruben , Lopez Luis A.
Published: September 2016

A convenient synthesis of cyclopropyl‐substituted furan derivatives by a zinc‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of 1,3‐dicarbonylic compounds, 2‐alkynals and alkenes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Inverted 3‐Acyloxy‐1,4‐enyne and Alkyne: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Li Xiaoxun , Song Wangze , Ke Xiaona , Xu Xiufang , Liu Peng , Houk K. N. , Zhao Xian‐liang , Tang Weiping
Published: September 2016

A new type of ACE, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Addition of Aromatic Amines or Aromatic Aza‐Heterocycles to α,β‐Unsaturated Olefins.
Authors: Kim Seongcheol , Kang Seongil , Kim Gihyeon , Lee Yunmi
Published: September 2016

The reactions are carried out in the presence of a Cu complex, formed from CuCl/KOtBu and a specified ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl C—N Bond Formation by Electrophilic Amination of Diarylcadmium Reagents with O‐Substituted Ketoximes.
Authors: Daskapan Tahir , Korkmaz Adem
Published: September 2016

The CuCN‐catalyzed electrophilic amination of aryl compounds (I) is described using acetone O‐mesitylsulfonyl oxime as the nitrogen source.