bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public-Private Partnership: A Bibliometric Analysis and Historical Evolution
Authors: Azarian Mathew , Shiferaw Asmamaw Tadege , Stevik Tor Kristian , Lædre Ola , Wondimu Paulos Abebe
Published: August 2023

The broad and extensive application of public-private partnership (PPP), as well as the divergent documented definitions and experiences, have led to a translucent perspective of PPP and strained academia and industry to reach a consensus on the major practice of this concept. Early contractor involvement (ECI), governance tools, and relational contracting are only a few of the frameworks attributed to PPP. This issue has received limited attention from researchers, despite the focus of review studies on different disciplines of PPP. Hence, this paper puts forward the idea of conducting a comprehensive review to not only shed light on the major practice of PPP but also provide a wider outlook on this concept based on the research carried out since 1979. A narrative review is initially accomplished to identify the major drivers and milestones that have contributed to the evolution of PPP. Employing bibliometric analysis in the following phase assists in conducting a multi-dimensional assessment of studies published within the last five decades. The economic and societal practices of PPP throughout its evolution path signified the dominant application of this concept as a business model. The bibliometric analysis revealed that PPP has contributed to various sectors, i.e., urban development, public infrastructure, transportation, health, and education, just to name a few. In addition, economic and organizational management of PPP was revealed as a major research stream that was accompanied by sustainable development. As a matter of fact, economic and environmental sustainability are the major cross-disciplinary elements that form an interplay between the drivers and attributes of PPP. Value for money (VfM), technology, and innovation, along with smart infrastructure (SI) and smart cities (SCs), are identified as the major directions for the future research agenda associated with PPP.
Targeted Therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Gong Helong , Xue Busheng , Ru Jinlong , Pei Guoqing , Li Yan
Published: August 2023

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and predominantly pediatric malignancy of bone and soft tissue in children and adolescents. Although international collaborations have greatly improved the prognosis of most EwS, the occurrence of macrometastases or relapse remains challenging. The prototypic oncogene EWS-FLI1 acts as an aberrant transcription factor that drives the cellular transformation of EwS. In addition to its involvement in RNA splicing and the DNA damage response, this chimeric protein directly binds to GGAA repeats, thereby modifying the transcriptional profile of EwS. Direct pharmacological targeting of EWS-FLI1 is difficult because of its intrinsically disordered structure. However, targeting the EWS-FLI1 protein complex or downstream pathways provides additional therapeutic options. This review describes the EWS-FLI1 protein partners and downstream pathways, as well as the related target therapies for the treatment of EwS.
Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone Combination as First-Line Oral Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Unicentric Real-Life Study
Authors: Del Fabro Vittorio , Di Giorgio Mary Ann , Leotta Valerio , Duminuco Andrea , Bellofiore Claudia , Markovic Uros , Romano Alessandra , Bulla Anna , Curto Pelle Angelo , Elia Federica , Di Raimondo Francesco , Conticello Concetta
Published: August 2023

Based on the results obtained in clinical trials, the use of the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Len/Dex) has become a potential therapeutic choice for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. This study evaluated 89 frail NDMM patients treated with first-line oral association. At the last follow-up, 34 out of 89 patients (38.2%) were alive, and 22 were still in treatment with Len/Dex. Among 73 evaluable patients who received at least two cycles, the overall response rate was 71% (N = 52). The disease control rate, defined as any level of clinical response to therapy, occurred in 71 patients (97%). We reported one or more adverse events of grade 3 or 4 (G3/4) in 65.2% (N = 58) of patients, with a prevalence of hematological toxicity (24 patients), leading to an overall discontinuation of treatment in two cases. In univariate analysis, high ISS, high serum β2-microglobulin, and creatinine clearance <30 mL/min negatively impact OS, while the depth of response positively impacts OS. Moreover, G3-4 anemia, ISS, frailty score, and ECOG negatively impacts PFS. In conclusion, elderly and more frail patients benefit from the Len/Dex combination also in the era of monoclonal antibodies, ensuring an increased PFS and OS in patients where the therapeutic choice is often limited and usually not very effective.
Morphine Analgesia, Cannabinoid Receptor 2, and Opioid Growth Factor Receptor Cancer Tissue Expression Improve Survival after Pancreatic Cancer Surgery
Authors: Vecera Lubomir , Prasil Petr , Srovnal Josef , Berta Emil , Vidlarova Monika , Gabrhelik Tomas , Kourilova Pavla , Lovecek Martin , Skalicky Pavel , Skarda Jozef , Kala Zdenek , Michalek Pavel , Hajduch Marian
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) has a poor prognosis despite surgical removal and adjuvant therapy. Additionally, the effects of postoperative analgesia with morphine and piritramide on survival among PDAC patients are unknown, as are their interactions with opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expressions in PDAC tissue. Cancer-specific survival data for 71 PDAC patients who underwent radical surgery followed by postoperative analgesia with morphine (n = 48) or piritramide (n = 23) were therefore analyzed in conjunction with opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expressions in the patients’ tumors. Receptor gene expressions were determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients receiving morphine had significantly longer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those receiving piritramide postoperative analgesia (median 22.4 vs. 15 months; p = 0.038). This finding was supported by multivariate modelling (p < 0.001). The morphine and piritramide groups had similar morphine equipotent doses, receptor expression, and baseline characteristics. The opioid/cannabinoid receptor gene expression was analyzed in a group of 130 pancreatic cancer patients. Of the studied receptors, high cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) gene expressions have a positive influence on the length of overall survival (OS; p = 0.029, resp. p = 0.01). Conversely, high delta opioid receptor gene expression shortened OS (p = 0.043). Multivariate modelling indicated that high CB2 and OGFR expression improved OS (HR = 0.538, p = 0.011, resp. HR = 0.435, p = 0.001), while high OPRD receptor expression shortened OS (HR = 2.264, p = 0.002). Morphine analgesia, CB2, and OGFR cancer tissue gene expression thus improved CSS resp. OS after radical PDAC surgery, whereas delta opioid receptor expression shortened OS.
Blue-Emitting 2D- and 3D-Zinc Coordination Polymers Based on Schiff-Base Amino Acid Ligands
Authors: Karakousi Rodavgi , Tsami Pinelopi A. , Spanoudaki Maria-Areti I. , Dalgarno Scott J. , Papadimitriou Vassileios C. , Milios Constantinos J.
Published: August 2023

The solvothermal reaction of Zn(NO3)2·4H2O, 1-OH-2-naphthaldehyde, and 2-methylalanine (mAla) in MeOH leads to the formation of complex {[ZnL1]}2n (1) (H2L1 = the Schiff-base resulting from the reaction of 1-OH-2-naphthaldehyde and mAla) in good yields. The structure of the neutral species, as determined by single-crystal crystallography, describes a two-dimensional coordination polymer, with repeating {Zn2} units bridged by syn, anti-carboxylate groups of the Schiff-base ligands. Repeating the same reaction using glycine (gly) instead of mAla leads to the formation of complex {[ZnL2]·0.33MeOH}3n (2.0.33MeOH) (H2L2 = the Schiff-base resulting from the reaction of 1-OH-2-naphthaldehyde and gly), again in good yields. Complex 2 describes a three-dimensional coordination polymer based on {Zn2} building blocks, arranged by anti, anti-carboxylate groups in a 3D motif. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to strongly emit at ~435 nm (λexc = 317 nm) both in solution and solid state, with complex 2 displaying a slightly longer lifetime of τav = 2.45 ns vs. τav = 2.02 ns for 1.
Comparison of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Cerebral Autoregulatory Indices in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Chao Howard , Acosta Sebastian , Rusin Craig , Rhee Christopher
Published: August 2023

Background: Premature infants are born with immature cerebral autoregulation function and are vulnerable to pressure passive cerebral circulation and subsequent brain injury. Measurements derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled continuous assessment of cerebral vasoreactivity. Although NIRS has enabled a growing field of research, the lack of clear standardization in the field remains problematic. A major limitation of current literature is the absence of a comparative analysis of the different methodologies. Objectives: To determine the relationship between NIRS-derived continuous indices of cerebral autoregulation in a cohort of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Methods: Premature infants of birth weight 401–1000 g were studied during the first 72 h of life. The cerebral oximetry index (COx), hemoglobin volume index (HVx), and tissue oxygenation heart rate reactivity index (TOHRx) were simultaneously calculated. The relationship between each of the indices was assessed with Pearson correlation. Results: Fifty-eight infants with a median gestational age of 25.8 weeks and a median birth weight of 738 g were included. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was detected in 33% of individuals. COx and HVx demonstrated the highest degree of correlation, although the relationship was moderate at best (r = 0.543, p < 0.001). No correlation was found either between COx and TOHRx (r = 0.318, p < 0.015) or between HVx and TOHRx (r = 0.287, p < 0.029). No significant differences in these relationships were found with respect to IVH and no IVH in subgroup analysis. Conclusions: COx, HVx, and TOHRx are not numerically equivalent. Caution must be applied when interpreting or comparing results based on different methodologies for measuring cerebral autoregulation. Uniformity regarding data acquisition and analytical methodology are needed to firmly establish a gold standard for neonatal cerebral autoregulation monitoring.
“Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C) after COVID-19 Infection in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg-Erlangen, Germany—Expectations and Results of a Two-Year Period
Authors: Hébert Steven , Schmidt Marius , Topf Georg , Rieger Daniel , Klinge Jens , Vermehren Jan , Fusch Christoph , Grillhösl Christian , Schroth Michael , Toni Irmgard , Reutter Heiko , Morhart Patrick , Hanslik Gregor , Mulzer Linda , Woelfle Joachim , Hohberger Bettina , Hoerning André
Published: August 2023

Background: Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare autoimmune disorder occurring after a latency period following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic regime of MIS-C is adapted to the therapy of the Kawasaki disease, as clinical symptoms are similar. Since the Kawasaki disease can potentially result in severe symptoms, which may even affect long-term health, it is essential to gain further knowledge about MIS-C. Thus, we aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, therapeutical procedure and outcome of MIS-C patients in the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical charts of MIS-C patients was carried out at three children’s hospitals covering the medical care of the metropolitan area of Nuremberg-Erlangen in Germany. Demographic characteristics and symptoms at first visit, their clinical course, therapeutic regime and outcome were recorded within the time period January 2021–December 2022. Results: Analysis of 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with MIS-C resulting in an incidence of 2.14/100.000 children. The median time between COVID-19 infection and admission to hospital was 5 weeks. The median age was 7 years. Symptoms comprised fever (100%), rash (70%), bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis (70%) and urticaria (20%). At the time of presentation, diagnosis-defining inflammation parameters were increased and the range for C-reactive protein was 4.13 mg/dL to 28 mg/dL, with a median of 24.7 mg/dL. Procalcitonin was initially determined in six patients (1.92 ng/mL to 21.5 ng/mL) with a median value of 5.5 pg/mL. Two patients displayed leukocytosis and two displayed leukopenia. None of the patients presented coronary pathologies. Nine of the ten patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In addition, patients received intravenous steroids (80%) and acetylsalicylic acid (80%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV virus may rarely exert multiorgan manifestations due to hyperinflammatory immunological processes. Within two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified ten patients with COVID-induced MIS-C in the metropolitan area Nuremberg-Erlangen. In the description of the patient collective, we can confirm that MIS-C is distinguished from the Kawasaki disease by the lack of coronary manifestations. Interestingly, although having monitored all pediatric facilities in the investigated area, we find lower incidences of MIS-C compared to findings in the literature. In conclusion, an overestimation of incidences in the upcoming MIS-C during the pandemic needs to be considered.
Determination of Risk Factors for Severe Life-Threatening Course of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in Children
Authors: Avrusin Ilia S. , Abramova Natalia N. , Belozerov Konstantin E. , Kondratiev Gleb V. , Bregel Liudmila V. , Efremova Olesya S. , Vilnits Alla A. , Konstantinova Julia E. , Isupova Eugenia A. , Kornishina Tatiana L. , Masalova Vera V. , Felker Eugeniy Yu. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Aleksandrovich Yuriy S. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: August 2023

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening condition that often requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for severe/life-threatening course of MIS-C. The study included 166 patients (99 boys, 67 girls) aged 4 months–17 years (median 8.2 years). The criterion of severity was the fact of ICU admission. To conduct a comparative analysis, MIS-C patients were divided into two groups: patients hospitalized in the ICU (n = 84, 50.6%) and those who did not need ICU admission (n = 82, 49.4%). Patients with a more severe course of MIS-C were significantly older. They had a higher frequency of signs such as rash, swelling, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and neurological and respiratory symptoms. Hypotension/shock and myocardial involvement were much more common in patients with severe MIS-C. These patients had a more significant increase in CRP, creatinine, troponin, and D-dimer levels. Additionally, the presence of macrophage activation syndrome was higher in patients admitted to the ICU. Conclusion: Nineteen predictors of severe course of MIS-C were found, out of which hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, D-dimer > 2568 ng/mL, troponin > 10 pg/mL were mainly associated with the probability of being classified as early predictors of severe MIS-C requiring ICU admission.
Results from Estonia’s 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Research Gaps and Five Key Messages and Actions to Follow
Authors: Mäestu Evelin , Kull Merike , Mäestu Jarek , Pihu Maret , Kais Kristjan , Riso Eva-Maria , Koka Andre , Tilga Henri , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: August 2023

The aim of this article is to summarize the results of the 2022 Estonian Physical Activity Report Card across 10 indicators based on available scientific data and national databases, and, additionally, to compare the current results with previous Report Card results. A national expert panel, consisting of research and policy experts, identified the available sources and synthesized as well as graded relevant data related to the physical activity (PA) of Estonian children and youth. Grade B was assigned to Organized Sports and Physical Activity (B−), Community and Environment (B+), and Government (B). Grade C was assigned to Overall Physical Activity (C+), Physical Fitness (C+), Family and Peers (C−), and School (C+). The lowest grade, D, was assigned to Active Play (D), Active Transportation (D+), and Sedentary Behaviors (D−). In Estonia, the participation rate in organized sport is relatively high, and government in addition to community support seem to be at a relatively good level. However, a relatively high number of children and youth did not meet the current PA guidelines, and the levels of sedentary behavior and screen time were very high. The PA of children and youth should be a cross-disciplinary priority, and focus should be put on developing schoolyards and outdoor breaks, varied and easily accessible organized sport, the use of active transportation, and the implementation of physical education that supports leisure time activities.
Effects of Gd2O3 Content on the Infrared Emissivity and Ablation Resistance of HfB2/SiC/TaSi2 Coating at 4400 kW/m2
Authors: Lu Jianxiao , Zhu Shizhen , Liu Yanbo , Xie Mingshao
Published: August 2023

To improve the infrared emissivity and the ablation resistance of HfB2/SiC/TaSi2 coatings for serving in heat flux of 4400 kW/m2, HfB2/SiC/TaSi2 coatings with different contents of high-emissivity Gd2O3 were prepared using atmospheric plasma spraying. The highest emissivity in 3–5 μm can reach up to 0.92 at 1273 K when the Gd2O3 content is at 10 vol.%. The increase in the emissivity is attributed to the additional electronic transitions induced by oxygen vacancies, which are generated by substituting Hf4+ with Gd3+. Due to the high emissivity, the surface temperature of the coating modified with 10 vol.% Gd2O3 was decreased by ~100 K. Meanwhile, the mass and the liner ablation rate are confirmed to be 4.28 × 10−7 kg/s and 2.15 × 10−7 m/s, respectively, which are decreased by 80% and 31% compared to the undoped HfB2/SiC/TaSi2 coating. During ablation, HfB2/SiC/TaSi2/Gd2O3 coating was oxidized to HfO2, Gd2Ta2O7, HfSiO4, and GdTaO4. A stable Hf–Ta–Gd–Si–O multiphase glass was formed on the surface of the coating, which could restrain oxygen penetration. However, the excessive amount of Gd2O3 is detrimental to the ablation performance due to its consumption of the SiO2 glass layer. These findings indicate that the addition of an appropriate amount of Gd2O3 could improve the anti-ablation performance of the modified coating.
Tribological Performance and Model Establishment of Self-Compensating Lubrication Film Inspired by the Functional Surfaces of Scapharca subcrenata Shells
Authors: Lu Guanchen , Yang Zhijie
Published: August 2023

Composite surface structures inspired by the functional surface of Scapharca subcrenata shells can improve the tribological properties effectively, composed of the ordered “U”- shape micro-grooves and solid lubricant Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) alloys. A series of wear tests were conducted to further investigate the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film, and then the mathematical model of the spreading tribofilm could be proposed. The results showed that the appropriate surface texturing parameters (NBCSS-28) had a great effect on the formation of the self-compensating lubrication film, which exhibited a lower friction coefficient (0.386) and wear volume (0.682 mm3) than the other NBCSS samples. The tribofilm, with a thickness of a few microns, was deposited on the contact surface after the wear tests. The interfacial reactants (the Ni/Ni3Sn2 interface) of the SAC305 alloys, and Ni3Al alloys confirmed by the wetting experiments and the thermogravimetric analysis, could promote the deposition and diffusion of the tribofilm during the sliding process. Hence, distinguishable layered structures could be observed on the fractured surfaces of the NBCSS samples. Moreover, the formation process of the tribofilm exhibited an obvious relationship with the reduction in the dynamic friction coefficient. The tribofilm formation model was proposed by the accumulation behaviors of the spreading tribofilm randomly in the form of multiple discrete irregular film shapes on the worn surface, which could predict the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film to improve the optimization design of the parameters.
Poseidonibacter ostreae sp. nov., Isolated from the Gut of Ostrea from the Seomjin River
Authors: Baek Kiwoon , Jang Sumin , Chung Eu Jin , Ryu Shi Hyun , Choi Ahyoung
Published: August 2023

Three Gram-negative strains, SJOD-M-6T, SJOD-M-5, and SJOD-M-33, were isolated from Ostrea denselamellosa. These strains are oxidase- and catalase-positive coccoids that thrive aerobically. The three strains shared 100.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and showed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 99.7–99.8% and 93.8–96.8%, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that all three isolates belong to the genus Poseidonibacter. Their closest neighbors were Poseidonibacter parvus LPB0137T (98.8%), Poseidonibacter antarcticus SM1702T (98.7%), and Poseidonibacter lekithochrous LFT 1.7T (95.5%). However, the ANI and dDDH values between SJOD-M-6T (the representative strain of the novel species) and its closest phylogenetic relatives fell well below the established cut-off values of <95% (ANI) and <70% (dDDH) for species delineation. Furthermore, several phenotypic traits distinguish the novel strains from their closest relatives. Based on the combined genotypic and phenotypic data, strains SJOD-M-6T, SJOD-M-5, and SJOD-M-33 are classified as novel species within the genus Poseidonibacter. We propose the name Poseidonibacter ostreae sp. nov. for this novel species, with the type strain being SJOD-M-6T (=KCTC 72758T = NBRC 114334T = FBCC-B685).
Sustainable Design in Building and Urban Environment
Authors: Aram Farshid
Published: August 2023

The basic objectives of sustainability are to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, minimize waste, and create healthy, productive environments [...]
Enhancing Building Archaeology: Drawing, UAV Photogrammetry and Scan-to-BIM-to-VR Process of Ancient Roman Ruins
Authors: Stanga Chiara , Banfi Fabrizio , Roascio Stefano
Published: August 2023

This research investigates the utilisation of the scan-to-HBIM-to-XR process and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to improve the depiction of archaeological ruins, specifically focusing on the Claudius Anio Novus aqueduct in Tor Fiscale Park, Rome. UAV photogrammetry is vital in capturing detailed aerial imagery of the aqueduct and its surroundings. Drones with high-resolution cameras acquire precise and accurate data from multiple perspectives. Subsequently, the acquired data are processed to generate orthophotos, drawings and historic building information modelling (HBIM) of the aqueduct, contributing to the future development of a digital twin. Virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR) technology is then employed to create an immersive experience for users. By leveraging XR, individuals can virtually explore and interact with the aqueduct, providing realistic and captivating visualisation of the archaeological site. The successful application of the scan-to-HBIM-to-XR process and UAV photogrammetry demonstrates their potential to enhance the representation of building archaeology. This approach contributes to the conservation of cultural heritage, enables educational and tourism opportunities and fosters novel research avenues for the comprehension and experience of ancient structures.
Sound Identification Method for Gas and Coal Dust Explosions Based on MLP
Authors: Yu Xingchen , Li Xiaowei
Published: August 2023

To solve the problems of backward gas and coal dust explosion alarm technology and single monitoring means in coal mines, and to improve the accuracy of gas and coal dust explosion identification in coal mines, a sound identification method for gas and coal dust explosions based on MLP in coal mines is proposed, and the distributions of the mean value of the short-time energy, zero crossing rate, spectral centroid, spectral spread, roll-off, 16-dimensional time-frequency features, MFCC, GFCC, short-time Fourier coefficients of gas explosion sound, coal dust sound, and other underground sounds were analyzed. In order to select the most suitable feature vector to characterize the sound signal, the best feature extraction model of the Relief algorithm was established, and the cross-entropy distribution of the MLP model trained with the different numbers of feature values was analyzed. In order to further optimize the feature value selection, the recognition results of the recognition models trained with the different numbers of sound feature values were compared, and the first 35-dimensional feature values were finally determined as the feature vector to characterize the sound signal. The feature vectors are input into the MLP to establish the sound recognition model of coal mine gas and coal dust explosion. An analysis of the feature extraction, optimal feature extraction, model training, and time consumption for model recognition during the model establishment process shows that the proposed algorithm has high computational efficiency and meets the requirement of the real-time coal mine safety monitoring and alarm system. From the results of recognition experiments, the sound recognition algorithm can distinguish each kind of sound involved in the experiments more accurately. The average recognition rate, recall rate, and accuracy rate of the model can reach 95%, 95%, and 95.8%, respectively, which is obviously better than the comparison algorithm and can meet the requirements of coal mine gas and coal dust explosion sensing and alarming.
Attitude of Romanian Medical Students and Doctors toward Business Ethics: Analyzing the Influence of Sex, Age, and Ethics Education
Authors: Constantin George-Dumitru , Mazilescu Crisanta-Alina , Hoinoiu Teodora , Hoinoiu Bogdan , Luca Ruxandra Elena , Viscu Loredana-Ileana , Pasca Ioana Giorgiana , Oancea Roxana
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the attitude of Romanian medical students and doctors toward business ethics by measuring the preference for a particular ethical philosophy, namely, the preference for Machiavellianism, moral objectivism, social Darwinism, ethical relativism, and legalism. At the same time, this study aimed to explore the influence of sex, age, and ethics education on the attitude toward business ethics. The data collection was performed using a voluntary self-administered online survey including the Attitudes Toward Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) instrument. Our findings show that the values based on which Romanian medical students and doctors make business decisions belong predominantly to the moral objectivism philosophy, which is grounded on rational actions based on a set of objective moral standards.
A Balanced BPF with Wide Bandwidth and Steep Selectivity Based on Slotline Stub Loaded Resonators (SSLRs)
Authors: Liu Yifei , Wu Wei , Li Jinxi , Zhao Mo , Wei Feng
Published: August 2023

A balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with a wide differential mode (DM) bandwidth and steep DM passband selectivity and high common-mode (CM) block based on slotline stub-loaded resonators (SSLRs) is designed in this brief. The proposed SSLR, which is composed of a half-wavelength slotline resonator and a shorted slot stub loaded at the symmetrical plane, is applied to achieve a broad DM passband with a center frequency at 5.1 GHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 92%. Meanwhile, two transmission zeros (TZs) are introduced to realize a steep DM passband selectivity. The center frequency and bandwidth of the DM passband can be adjusted by changing the dimensions of SSLRs and the gaps between them. Meanwhile, one narrow notched band with a 3 dB bandwidth of 4.9% is realized by employing one coupled quarter-wavelength short-circuited stub at the input ports. In addition, the DM stopband with a rejection level of 10 dB can be extended to 20 GHz. The designed balanced broadband filter is stimulated by a U-shaped microstrip line to slotline transition structure, which can realize wideband a CM block with a high suppression level without influencing the DM one, and this can reduce the design complexity. In order to prove the idea, a balanced broadband filter is designed and measured. The predicted results of S parameters are compared with the measured ones, and a good agreement is achieved.
Dynamic Performance Analysis and Control Parameter Adjustment Algorithm for Flywheel Batteries Considering Vehicle Direct Action
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Cui Junjie
Published: August 2023

Traditional methods often ignore the direct influences of vehicle vibration on the flywheel battery system, which leads to an inaccurate analysis of the dynamic performance of the flywheel battery system and its control effect. Therefore, to make up for the deficiencies of existing studies, a more accurate dynamic performance analysis method and efficient control parameter adjustment algorithm for flywheel batteries based on automotive direct action are proposed in this study. First, the influence of road conditions and vehicle driving conditions on the stability of a vehicle is analyzed primarily. Then, the vibration signal generated by the vehicle is transmitted to the vehicle’s magnetic flywheel battery system for analysis, and the accuracy of the analysis process is realized. Then, according to the stability analysis results for the direct action of the vehicle and the actual PID controller, the control parameter adjustment algorithm is summarized using the curve-fitting method. Finally, a performance test is carried out on the mobile experimental platform. Good experimental results show that the flywheel can quickly return to its equilibrium position and effectively reduce the influence of interference from road conditions and different working conditions and improve the robustness. Therefore, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and parameter adjustment method proposed in this paper was effectively verified.
Energy-Saving Scenarios of an Existing Swimming Pool with the Use of Simple In Situ Measurement
Authors: Ratajczak Katarzyna , Szczechowiak Edward , Pobudkowska Aneta
Published: August 2023

Swimming is a good form of physical activity that keeps swimmers fit and healthy. In countries with cold climates, swimming is allowed only indoors. Since adequate water and air parameters must be ensured in these buildings, they are very energy-consuming. In new buildings, modern solutions can be used, thanks to which technologically advanced energy-saving systems can be used. Unfortunately, in existing buildings, it is not always possible to make technical changes, or they are associated with high financial expenses. In this article, a method of in situ measurement of selected air parameters is proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to suggest scenarios for changes in the control of air technology and parameters in order to achieve energy savings. The easy measurement method was applied in a typical swimming pool building, and energy-saving measurements were taken on the first day to obtain a baseline. Seven scenarios were analyzed that would lead to a reduction in energy consumption without the introduction of new elements into the facility. The main task was to find a solution that ensured adequate thermal comfort in the building. Significant energy savings were achieved in each scenario: 6–47% compared to measured energy consumption. To improve the energy efficiency of swimming pools, especially in the current energy crisis related to the economic and political situation, all methods for reducing the energy demand are desirable. The proposed assessment method will allow for energy-consuming elements and allow for changes in the use of equipment in the swimming pool building. However, the main objective is to maintain the thermal comfort of swimming pool users, as no savings can be achieved at the expense of worsening the feeling of building users.
A Universal Parametric Modeling Framework for Electric Machine Design
Authors: Qiao Zhenyang , Jiang Dongdong , Fu Weinong
Published: August 2023

At present, the majority of electric machine design software employs its own unique machine data structure. However, when users need to transfer their designs between software, they are often faced with significant obstacles or cannot obtain a parametric model suitable for optimization. In order to solve this issue, a universal parametric modeling framework is proposed for electric machine design. The geometric structure is strictly constrained to ensure that the model will not interfere with each part because of the randomness of input parameters. A data structure consisting of points, lines, and surfaces is constructed, and a conversion interface for parametric modeling with different software is established. Consequently, this universal framework can automatically generate parametric models appropriate for different finite element analysis (FEA) software according to the input parameters. The framework is especially convenient for users who need to design or optimize an electric machine, particularly when FEA software is required for verification. Numerical verification is performed using different software based on interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.
Identifying the Main Factors Influencing Significant Global Vegetation Changes
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Lu Yafeng , Song Xueqian
Published: August 2023

Understanding the dynamics of vegetation change is crucial for comprehending ecosystem functioning and its response to anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study investigates significant vegetation changes worldwide and aims to identify the dominant factors responsible for these changes. By analyzing long-term data on vegetation dynamics and climatic factors, this research identifies regions with significant global vegetation changes and determines the main factors leading to such changes at the grid scale. The results reveal important insights into the drivers of vegetation change. Firstly, the study finds that the area experiencing significant browning from April to July is larger than the area exhibiting significant greening. Secondly, on an annual scale, anthropogenic activity emerges as the main factor driving significant vegetation greening, while climate change becomes the primary factor causing vegetation browning from July to September. Thirdly, in regions dominated by climate change, temperature is identified as the primary climatic factor contributing to significant vegetation greening. Additionally, the study reveals that the primary climatic factors causing significant vegetation browning are temperature followed by soil moisture, with temperature being the main factor in most months. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving global vegetation changes and have implications for sustainable development and climate action.
High-Efficient Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Fiber Based on the Suitable C5/C6 Co-Fermentation Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain
Authors: Li Menglei , Xu Fadi , Zhao Yuping , Sun Dongming , Liu Jiao , Yin Xiaolong , Li Zailu , Zhao Jianzhi , Li Hongxing , Bao Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

As a potential alternative to fossil-based fuels, cellulosic ethanol has attracted much attention due to its great benefit to energy sustainability and environmental friendliness. However, at present, the industrial competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol production is still insufficient compared with fossil-based fuels because of the higher costs. Expanding the range of lignocellulosic biomass may be a promising measure to promote the economical production of cellulosic ethanol. Corn fiber, a byproduct from the corn deep-processing, is an attractive feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production because of its rich carbohydrate content (generally exceeding 65% of dry weight), almost no transportation cost, and low lignin content allow it to be easily handled. This study first optimized the hydrolysis conditions, including the pretreatment and enzymolysis process based on dilute sulfuric acid, to achieve a high sugar yield. Then, the corn fiber hydrolysates obtained under different hydrolysis conditions were suitably fermented by different C5/C6 co-fermentation Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicating that the hydrolysate at high solid loading (20%) needs to detoxification to a certain extent but not low solid loading (10%) to achieve high ethanol yield. Finally, the fermentation of the 20% solid loading hydrolysates with resin detoxification was performed in a 50 L bioreactor, achieving the sugar (glucose and xylose) metabolic rate of 2.24 g L −1 h −1 and ethanol yield of 92% of the theoretical value, which are the highest reported levels to date. This study provided a potential process route for cellulosic ethanol production from corn fiber from the perspective of the suitability between the upstream hydrolysis process and the downstream fermentation strain.
Potential Effects of Microalgae-Supplemented Diets on the Growth, Blood Parameters, and the Activity of the Intestinal Microbiota in Sparus aurata and Mugil cephalus
Authors: García-Márquez Jorge , Domínguez-Maqueda Marta , Torres Miguel , Cerezo Isabel M. , Ramos Eva , Alarcón Francisco Javier , Mancera Juan Miguel , Martos-Sitcha Juan Antonio , Moriñigo Miguel Ángel , Balebona María Carmen
Published: August 2023

This work aimed to assess the suitability of a microalgal blend as a dietary ingredient for feeding juveniles of marine carnivorous and herbivorous teleost, as is the case of Sparus aurata and Mugil cephalus, respectively, and to isolate microorganisms from different media and characterize them on the base of their enzymatic activities and their antagonism against important fish pathogens. Thirty juveniles of each species (70 ± 3.2 g S. aurata mean weight and 47 ± 2.8 g M. cephalus mean weight) were distributed in four tanks (15 individuals each) corresponding to four independent dietary treatments (control and microalgae diets designed for each species). Fish were fed their corresponding diets ad libitum for 108 days. At the end of the trial, fish were weighed, and plasma, liver, perivisceral fat, and the entire intestines were obtained for the evaluation of growth performance and metabolic assessment. Furthermore, 117 bacterial strains were isolated in different culture media from the gastrointestinal tract of S. aurata fed the microalgae blend and further characterized for their potential use as probiotics in aquaculture. S. aurata fed the microalgae-supplemented diet (25% dietary inclusion) showed a significant increase in weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, hepatosomatic, and intestine length indices. However, growth performance and somatic indices in M. cephalus were not affected by the experimental diets. Plasma samples from S. aurata fed the microalgal diet revealed higher levels of glucose and triglycerides and a decrease in cortisol levels. No significant differences were found in any biochemical parameters among the experimental diets in M. cephalus. In conclusion, both species demonstrated a favorable adaptation to the nutritional formulation employed in this study, and bacterial strains UMA-169 and UMA-216 (both identified as Bacillus pumilus) could be considered for use in aquaculture as they might benefit host health by improving digestion and absorption of different energy sources and by minimizing the colonization of pathogenic species.
Research Progress of Protein-Based Bioactive Substance Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Mengqing , Liu Kunlun , Liu Xin , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Zhang Huiyan , Wang Meiyue
Published: August 2023

Bioactive substances exhibit various physiological activities—such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities—and have great potential for application in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. However, the low solubility, chemical instability, and low bioavailability of bioactive substances limit their application in the food industry. Using nanotechnology to prepare protein nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver active substances is a promising approach due to the abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of proteins. Common protein-based nanocarriers include nano-emulsions, nano-gels, nanoparticles, and nano complexes. In this review, we give an overview of protein-based nanoparticle fabrication methods, highlighting their pros and cons. Additionally, we discuss the applications and current issues regarding the utilization of protein-based nanoparticles in the food industry. Finally, we provide perspectives on future development directions, with a focus on classifying bioactive substances and their functional properties.
Effects of Dietary Plant-Derived Low-Ratio Linoleic Acid/Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Blood Lipid Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo
Published: August 2023

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of low-ratio linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic acid (LA/ALA) supplementation on the blood lipid profiles in adults. We conducted a systematic search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of low-ratio LA/ALA using databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, as well as screened related references up until February 2023. The intervention effects were analyzed adopting weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The meta-analysis indicated that low-ratio LA/ALA supplementation decreased total cholesterol (TC, WMD: −0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.17, −0.01, p = 0.031, I2 = 33.2%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, WMD: −0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.13, −0.02, p = 0.007, I2 = 0.0%), and triglycerides (TG, WMD: −0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.09, 0.00, p = 0.049, I2 = 0.0%) concentrations. There was no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C, WMD: −0.00 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.02, p = 0.895, I2 = 0.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that low-ratio LA/ALA supplementation significantly decreased plasma TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations when the intervention period was less than 12 weeks. In the subgroup analysis, a noteworthy decrease in both TC and LDL-C levels was observed in individuals receiving low-ratio LA/ALA supplementation in the range of 1–5. These findings suggest that this specific range could potentially be effective in reducing lipid profiles. The findings of this study provide additional evidence supporting the potential role of low-ratio LA/ALA supplementation in reducing TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations, although no significant impact on HDL-C was observed.
I See Myself Strong: A Description of an Expressive Poetic Method to Amplify Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer Indigenous Youth Experiences in a Culture-Centered HIV Prevention Curriculum
Authors: Beltrán Ramona , Alvarez Antonia Rose-Garriga , Fernandez Angela R.
Published: August 2023

Poetry is an ideal tool to convey participant voices in social research as it compresses the meaning and essence of participant narratives through using evocative sensory words that illuminate nuances of lived experience. Expressive poetics is an emerging arts-based research method that facilitates a multi-sensory and relational analytical process. In this article, the authors describe and illustrate an adapted expressive poetics research method through highlighting the experiences of Two Spirit, lesbian, gay, transgender, or queer (2SLGBTQ) Indigenous youth that participated in a culture-centered HIV prevention curriculum. It is our hope that through creating dialogic poems, we deepen and nuance the salient experiences of participant youth, acknowledge our relationship through adding our creative response to their calls for care, and create a model for others to engage in a similar process. In a time when 2SLGBTQ bodies are increasingly targeted and policed, it is more important than ever to center and amplify these voices.
Foraging Eco-Ethology, Incentives and Motivations in the Kindergartens of Norway Based on Sámi and Norwegian Cultures
Authors: Bergan Veronica , Laiti Marikaisa
Published: August 2023

Early childhood education (ECE) institutions in Norway highly value nature and outdoor activities. The framework plan for kindergartens encourages that children get insights into the origin of food. The approach for imparting this knowledge incentivises foraging in kindergartens. The eco-ethology of humans is dependent on cultural values and practices and what is available for harvest in the local environments in different seasons. This paper explores the incentives and motivations for foraging in kindergartens in Norway through a qualitative approach. The data was collected from Sámi and Norwegian ECE professionals through on-site video documentation, group interviews, in-depth semi-structural interviews, and field notes. It was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, in which the researchers had an active role in the process through reflexive engagement with theory, data, and interpretation. Three themes related to the incentives and motivations for foraging were found: (1) “viewpoints of nature”, (2) “transfer and production of knowledge”, and lastly (3) “motives and meaning for foraging”. Norwegian ECE professionals seemed to view nature as a place to explore outdoors (termed friluftsliv) and Sámi ECE professionals used nature for a practical purpose (termed meahcci). Nature was used by all the ECE professionals for transfer and production of knowledge. The motives and meaning for foraging in ECE settings in Norway originated from the cultural values of purposeful use of nature’s resources. Further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence and importance of foraging practices in ECE, especially in terms of its significance to education for sustainability.
Impact of Cold Stress on Physiological Responses and Fruit Quality of Shiranuhi Mandarin in Response to Cold Conditions
Authors: Kim Misun , Moon Young-Eel , Han Seung Gab , Yun Seok Kyu , Joa Jae-Ho , Park Jee-Soo
Published: August 2023

We identified the minimum temperature limits to ensure Shiranuhi mandarin growth and fruit quality and provided overwintering temperature management guidelines. Expanded polystyrene panels with air conditioners were exposed to −1, −3, and −5 °C in the greenhouse for 15 h to determine the overwintering temperature. Leaves and fruits were analyzed at intervals for physiological response, fruit quality, and aromatic components. The low temperature treatment groups showed 1.3 to 1.4 times increased malondialdehyde content in leaves and 1.1 to 1.3-fold higher electrolyte linkage rates in the −5 °C treatment group alone. The sugar/acidity ratio was 1.1 to 1.3 times higher in the −5 °C treatment than in the control due to rapid acid reduction. The fruit firmness and citrus color index decreased notably after 21–28 days of treatment. Ascorbic acid content significantly decreased 17.3%–41.1% at −5 °C. Among the aromatic compounds, decanal levels notably increased with −5 °C treatment; −5 °C cold treatment notably affected oxidative stress in leaves and the sugar/acid ratio, ascorbic acid content, and aromatic compounds in fruits. If prolonged exposure to temperatures <−5 °C is expected, preharvest heating facilities are critical. We recommend maintaining greenhouse temperatures >0 °C during fruit growth and >−3 °C after harvest as the minimum temperature to preserve fruit set and quality.