bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swarm learning with weak supervision enables automatic breast cancer detection in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Saldanha Oliver Lester , Zhu Jiefu , Müller-Franzes Gustav , Carrero Zunamys I. , Payne Nicholas R. , Escudero Sánchez Lorena , Varoutas Paul Christophe , Kyathanahally Sreenath , Laleh Narmin Ghaffari , Pfeiffer Kevin , Ligero Marta , Behner Jakob , Abdullah Kamarul A. , Apostolakos Georgios , Kolofousi Chrysafoula , Kleanthous Antri , Kalogeropoulos Michail , Rossi Cristina , Nowakowska Sylwia , Athanasiou Alexandra , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Mann Ritse , Veldhuis Wouter , Camps Julia , Schulz Volkmar , Wenzel Markus , Morozov Sergey , Ciritsis Alexander , Kuhl Christiane , Gilbert Fiona J. , Truhn Daniel , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: February 2025

Background

Over the next 5 years, new breast cancer screening guidelines recommending magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for certain patients will significantly increase the volume of imaging data to be analyzed. While this increase poses challenges for radiologists, artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions to manage this workload. However, the development of AI models is often hindered by manual annotation requirements and strict data-sharing regulations between institutions.

Methods

In this study, we present an integrated pipeline combining weakly supervised learning—reducing the need for detailed annotations—with local AI model training via swarm learning (SL), which circumvents centralized data sharing. We utilized three datasets comprising 1372 female bilateral breast MRI exams from institutions in three countries: the United States (US), Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) to train models. These models were then validated on two external datasets consisting of 649 bilateral breast MRI exams from Germany and Greece.

Results

Upon systematically benchmarking various weakly supervised two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) deep learning (DL) methods, we find that the 3D-ResNet-101 demonstrates superior performance. By implementing a real-world SL setup across three international centers, we observe that these collaboratively trained models outperform those trained locally. Even with a smaller dataset, we demonstrate the practical feasibility of deploying SL internationally with on-site data processing, addressing challenges such as data privacy and annotation variability.

Conclusions

Combining weakly supervised learning with SL enhances inter-institutional collaboration, improving the utility of distributed datasets for medical AI training without requiring detailed annotations or centralized data sharing.
Preparation of sodium-ion cathode materials with excellent performance using a Co3O4-modified conformation strategy
Authors: Liu Ye , Luo Rui , Lu Jiahao , Chen Rentian , Zhung Yuxin , Wei Tao
Published: February 2025

Using Co3O4 modification of O3-NaNi0.4Fe0.2Mn0.4O2 to design a sodium-ion layered oxide cathode. The reinforced transition metal layer creates larger space for sodium-ion accommodation and slows the phase transition process.
Investigations of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ti3XC2 (X = Ge, Pb, or Bi) by DFT
Authors: Hussain Haider , Shah Zulfiqar Ali , Ilyas Syed Zafar , Shakoor Abdul , Hussain Zawar
Published: February 2025

Illustration of the MXene synthesis process from MAX phases, involving electro-deposition, etching, and sonication.
The role of the metal in metal/MoS2 and metal/Ca2N/MoS2 interfaces
Authors: Rumson Adrian F. , Rafiee Diznab Mohammad , Maassen Jesse , Johnson Erin R.
Published: February 2025

The metal determines the interface properties for a metal/MoS2 interface, while it has little influence for a metal/Ca2N/MoS2 interface.
Effect of ring substituent position on the structural and optoelectronic properties of novel quasi low-dimensional hybrid 2-, 3-, and 4-(bromomethyl)pyridinium lead bromides
Authors: Chaplygina D. A. , Patrusheva O. V. , Chen C. , Shtareva A. V. , Stoumpos C. C. , Kevorkyants R. , Emeline A. V. , Shtarev D. S.
Published: February 2025

In this work, the synthesis, crystal structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties of novel quasi low-dimensional hybrid (bromomethyl)pyridinium crystalline phases (2-BrCH2PyH)Pb2Br5, (3-BrCH2PyH)PbBr3, and (4-BrCH2PyH)PbBr3 are reported.
Non-aggregated ruthenium naphthalocyanine enabling homogeneous carbene insertion into N–H bonds at low catalyst loading
Authors: Kroitor Andrey P. , Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Sorokin Alexander B.
Published: February 2025

The first highly efficient Ru naphthalocyanine catalyst for conversion of amines to glycine derivatives has been developed. Unlike widely studied phthalocyanine counterparts, metal naphthalocyanines were not yet described as homogeneous catalysts.
Visible-light-induced oxytrifluoromethylthiolation of α-diazo esters
Authors: Tan Fei , Yang Jian , Song Tao , Hou Zhangqun , Huang Xiao , Wang Jian , Mei Ling , Dong Hongbo
Published: February 2025

An efficient and green method has been developed to construct a series of highly functionalized trifluoromethylthiolated scaffolds via the visible-light-induced oxytrifluoromethylthiolation of α-diazo esters and PhtSCF3 derivatives.
Engineering macroporous carbon film supports for freestanding Fe–N–C cathodes at high current densities
Authors: Kellner Simon , Wang Mengnan , Wang Ying , Barrio Jesús , Yang Guangmeimei , Feng Jingyu , Heutz Sandrine E. M. , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: February 2025

This study improves mass transport in PGM-free ORR catalysts by using a macroporous carbon film support. The new support is tested with FePc catalysts in a GDE half-cell, showing enhanced performance at high current densities.
Facile, selective and cost-effective detection of creatinine from human urine using a cyclometalated dinuclear iridium(iii) complex through creatinine-triggered emission
Authors: Raichure Pramod C. , Kaushik Bharat , Agarwal Annu , Laskar Inamur Rahaman
Published: February 2025

The present work proposed a novel probe for detecting creatinine from human urine, drawing attention to developing suitable probes for studying albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and obtaining a prior indication of early-stage kidney disease.
Synthesis of fluorinated tubastatin A derivatives with bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic cap groups: molecular docking with HDAC6 and evaluation of in vitro antitumor activity
Authors: Luo Huaxin , Huang Zheng , Mo Xiangdong , Long Chunmei , Wang Kaiyuan , Deng Rong , Zhu Xiaofeng , Zeng Zhuo
Published: February 2025

Tubastatin A derivatives based on bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic cap groups were synthesized. Derivative 14f exhibits the best antiproliferative activity against SUNE1, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.51 and 0.52 μM, respectively.
Machine-learning accelerated prediction of two-dimensional conventional superconductors
Authors: da Silva Thalis H. B. , Cavignac Théo , Cerqueira Tiago F. T. , Wang Hai-Chen , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: February 2025

We perform a large scale search for two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, by using electron–phonon calculations with density-functional perturbation theory combined with machine learning models.
Absorption and anti-bacterial studies of an acetylene-functionalized Schiff base for detection of Sn(ii) and inhibition of E. coli
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Markan Pallavi , Kaur Navneet , Gupta Sofia , Tamana  , Malik Pooja , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Gill Baljinder Singh , Baliyan Deepanjali
Published: February 2025

In this study, a quick-sensing naphthalene Schiff base receptor ((1E,1′E)-N,N-(naphthalene-1,5-diyl)bis(1-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)methanimine)) denoted as 4 was synthesized in order to meet the urgent requirement for Sn(ii) detection.
Probing a conducting polymer by proton-coupled electron transfer of biosimilar redox molecules
Authors: Che Canyan , Gueskine Viktor , Sjödin Martin , Pozhitkov Alexander , Yao Liang , Berggren Magnus , Ma Yuguang , Crispin Reverant , Vagin Mikhail
Published: February 2025

Proton-coupled electron transfer on a porous electrode with selective ion transport in a weakly buffered medium creates two distinct acidity regions: one within the electrode bulk and another at the interface with external electrolyte.
Bright yellow fluorescent N-doped Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots as an “on/off/on” nanoprobe for selective As3+ ion detection
Authors: Bera Santanu , Bhunia Susanta Kumar
Published: February 2025

Bright yellow fluorescent nitrogen-doped MXene quantum dots were synthesized and employed to detect As3+ and MBTZ via fluorescence “on/off/on” phenomenon.
Axially chiral dimethylaminobenzimidazoles and their preliminary evaluation as acyl-transfer reagents
Authors: Toman Daniel , Nemec Ivan , Kurka Ondřej , Přibylka Adam , Cankař Petr
Published: February 2025

Axially chiral benzimidazoles bearing a peri-substituted naphthalene at position 1 and a dimethylamino group at position 2 are capable of catalyzing the desymmetrization reaction of a meso-anhydride.
Multicolor mechanoluminescence for integrated dual-mode stress and temperature sensing
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Guo Ziyi , Wei Zhiting , Chen Wenbo , Qiang Qinping , Liu Bitao , Lang Tianchun , Peng Lingling , Wang Wenjie , Zhao Lei
Published: February 2025

An energy transfer-based full-spectrum ML construction approach simplifies the design of multifunctional sensors and helps achieve long-range dual-mode sensing.
Sustainable bio-based active packaging films: enhancing chitosan with gallic acid-loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Bu QiHang , Yue ZeiFeng , Wang ZiHan , Jiang Ning , Luo Haibo , Sun RongXue , Liu QianYuan , Xu JianHua , Wang Cheng , Fu JiaJun
Published: February 2025

Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with gallic acid significantly improved the mechanical, barrier, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the composite film, giving it the potential to replace petroleum-based packaging films.
Room temperature crystal field splitting of curium resolved by circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Peterson Appie , Adewuyi Joseph A. , Lai Rachael , Wacker Jennifer N. , Abergel Rebecca J. , Ung Gaël
Published: February 2025

Using a chiral C2-symmetrical ligand with picolinate antennae, a chiral emissive curium molecular complex was obtained. A well-resolved CPL spectrum was obtained allowing for deconvolution of the fundamental energy level of Cm3+ at room temperature.
Solvent structure controlled SeedGel formation investigated using miscible binary solvents
Authors: Xi Yuyin , Li Ruipeng , Heller William T. , Chen Wei-Ren , Hong Kunlun , Zemborain Aurora A. , Liu Yun
Published: February 2025

A SeedGel can be formed not only in partially miscible binary solvents but also in miscible binary solvents.
Promoted surface reconstruction of amorphous nickel boride electrocatalysts by boron dissolution for boosting the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Yunzhu , He Xiyu , Yan Cheng , Hu Qiaodan , Zhang Junliang , Yang Fan
Published: February 2025

Boron dissolution promotes the surface reconstruction of NiB into γ-NiOOH. The dissolved B, in the form of BO2−, adsorbs on γ-NiOOH to reduce the energy barrier for alkaline OER to achieve a superior activity.
Heptene end-capped Thiele hydrocarbons with tunable configuration and emission and on-surface transformation via annulation
Authors: Shu Yilin , Huang Jianmin , Yang Junfang , Shangguan Zhichun , Ma Junlong , Li Cheng , Zhang Guanxin , Peng Qian , Zhang Xi-Sha , Fan Qitang , Wang Bing , Zhang Deqing
Published: February 2025

We report a para-quinodimethane skeleton (p-QDM)-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with heptenes as end-capping groups and F-substituents in the central six-membered ring.
Correction: Distortion/interaction analysis via machine learning
Authors: Espley Samuel G. , Allsop Samuel S. , Buttar David , Tomasi Simone , Grayson Matthew N.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Distortion/interaction analysis via machine learning’ by Samuel G. Espley et al., Digital Discovery, 2024, 3, 2479–2486, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DD00224E.
Exploring genome-transcriptome correlations in cancer
Authors: Ronemus Michael , Bradford Daniel , Laster Zachary , Li Siran
Published: February 2025

We examine the complex relationship between genomic copy number variation (CNV) and gene expression, highlighting the relevance to cancer biology and other biological contexts. By tracing the history of genometranscriptome correlations, we emphasize the complexity and challenges in understanding these interactions, particularly within the heterogeneous landscape of human cancers. Recent advances in computational algorithms and high-throughput single-cell multi-omic sequencing technologies are discussed, demonstrating their potential to refine our understanding of cancer biology and their limitations. The integration of genomic and transcriptomic analyses, which offers novel insights into tumor evolution and heterogeneity as well as therapeutic strategies, is presented as a crucial approach for advancing cancer research.
Electrosome assembly: Structural insights from high voltage-activated calcium channel (CaV)–chaperone interactions
Authors: Chen Zhou , Minor Daniel L.
Published: February 2025

Ion channels are multicomponent complexes (termed here as“electrosomes”) that conduct the bioelectrical signals required for life. It has been appreciated for decades that assembly is critical for proper channel function, but knowledge of the factors that undergird this important process has been lacking. Although there are now exemplar structures of representatives of most major ion channel classes, there has been no direct structural information to inform how these complicated, multipart complexes are put together or whether they interact with chaperone proteins that aid in their assembly. Recent structural characterization of a complex of the endoplasmic membrane protein complex (EMC) chaperone and a voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV) assembly intermediate comprising the pore-forming CaVα1 and cytoplasmic CaVβ subunits offers the first structural view into the assembly of a member of the largest ion channel class, the voltagegated ion channel (VGIC) superfamily. The structure shows how the EMC remodels the CaVα1/CaVβ complex through a set of rigid body movements for handoff to the extracellular CaVα2δ subunit to complete channel assembly in a process that involves intersubunit coordination of a divalent cation and ordering of CaVα1 elements. These findings set a new framework for deciphering the structural underpinnings of ion channel biogenesis that has implications for understanding channel function, how drugs and disease mutations act, and for investigating how other membrane proteins may engage the ubiquitous EMC chaperone.
Response to Letter Regarding Cordray et al. (2023) and Brief Commentary on the Ankyloglossia Debate
Authors: Cordray Holly , Gethers Casiel T. , Mahendran Geethanjeli N. , Nemeth John , Raol Nikhila
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) is common, and its clinical relevance is hotly debated among multidisciplinary health care providers including pediatricians, lactation consultants, otolaryngologists, and speech-language pathologists. The literature focuses on breastfeeding symptoms; less evidence exists to clarify the spectrum of possible symptoms after infancy. We conducted a scoping review of potentially related symptoms in pediatric patients who presented for clinical evaluation of untreated ankyloglossia, with the aim of mapping symptoms that providers may want to evaluate and identifying targets for further research. Kummer (2025) has alleged “erroneous statements without evidence” about “the effect of ankyloglossia on speech,” “inaccurate citations,” and “errors of omission” in our scoping review (pp. 1, 2). This letter provides a rebuttal of her statements.

Results:

Based on results from 20 primary studies, our review drew a provisional conclusion that ankyloglossia may be associated with speech difficulty in a subset of patients; we did not assert any causal relationship. Kummer took issue with a citation in one sentence of our review; we note that some of her concerns were inaccurate, though we appreciate her clinical expertise on speech sound production. The omissions she perceived were in fact present in our original review article.

Conclusions:

Kummer's letter does not warrant an erratum to our scoping review. However, her letter prompts us to urge the multidisciplinary community of providers involved in studying and caring for patients with ankyloglossia to engage in a collaborative and open-minded discussion. We must reduce professional antagonism around this controversy and work together on patient-centered research to support children whose experiences may not fit the typical clinical picture.
Is Communication Training for Significant Others a Reasonable Rehabilitation Goal in Aphasia Therapy?
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Hardy Lucy E.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This study was motivated by goal samples from practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs) that were submitted to a website our group maintains about treatment planning for aphasia. Upon analyzing the goals, we found that less than 3% involved any form of communication partner training (CPT). Considering this finding, we sought to understand how and to what extent aphasia clinicians in the United States use CPT with significant others.

Method:

We constructed a survey that included a mixture of multiple-choice and open response questions around goal setting and CPT for significant others. The survey was posted to the same website where we had originally collected the goal samples. Responses were summarized with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results:

One hundred fifty-six SLPs and 138 graduate students completed the survey. Almost all SLPs (97%) reported engaging in CPT with family members, and approximately half indicated they also wrote goals about this service at least occasionally. However, most explained that CPT was typically handled without goal setting. Graduate students reported limited experience with CPT. Thematic analysis of the open responses yielded five themes and 24 codes that collectively display a multidimensional implementation problem.

Discussion:

SLPs recognize the importance of CPT and employ a range of training techniques with significant others. Nevertheless, they face barriers that lead to ambivalence about writing goals for this service. On the rationale that explicit goals ensure accountability and transparency, we address some of the barriers by providing practical resources as steps toward solution-focused collaboration.
Frequency safety demand and coordinated control strategy for power system with wind power and energy storage
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Shao Zijian , Fu Yuan , Cao Yabo
Published: February 2025

According to the constraints of frequency safety indices, evaluating the inertia and primary frequency regulation demand, rationally utilizing the energy reserve provided by wind turbines and energy storage devices to ensure the safety of the system frequency response, is the key to improve the stability of large‐scale new energy power systems. First, frequency response characteristics and frequency regulation safety indicators required by new energy generation systems were analyzed. Second, the frequency dynamic response model of the system with wind power and energy storage was established, and the extreme value time for the virtual inertia response of the system was calculated. Using the extreme time at which the frequency drop is maximum, the virtual inertia time constant of the wind‐storage system was evaluated. Additionally, the system inertia and the primary frequency regulation demand were obtained considering the frequency safety indices, and a novel coordinated control strategy for wind power and energy storage to provide the required frequency support was proposed. Finally, a grid‐connected wind‐storage simulation system was built to verify the superiority of the proposed control strategy. The obtained results indicate that the proposed control scheme flexibly meets the system frequency safety requirements.
Research on tea buds detection based on optimized YOLOv5s
Authors: Li Guanli , Lu Jianqiang , Zhang Dong , Guo Zhongyi
Published: February 2025

As one of the world's most popular beverages, tea plays a significant role in improving tea production efficiency and quality through the identification of tea shoots during the tea manufacturing process. However, due to the complex morphology, small size, and susceptibility to factors like lighting and obstruction, traditional identification methods suffer from low accuracy and efficiency. In this study, image enhancement techniques such as HSV transformation, horizontal flipping, and vertical flipping were applied to the training dataset to improve model robustness and enhance generalization across varying lighting and angles. To address these challenges in the context of tea buds detection, deep‐learning‐based object detection methods have emerged as promising solutions. Nevertheless, current object detection technologies still face limitations when detecting tea buds under these conditions. To enhance identification performance, this article proposed an improved YOLOv5s (You Only Look Once version 5 small model) algorithm. In the improved YOLOv5s algorithm, CBAM, SE, and CA attention mechanisms were incorporated into the backbone network to augment feature extraction, and a weighted Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) is employed in the neck network to boost performance, resulting in the YOLOv5s_teabuds model. Experimental results indicated that the improved model significantly outperformed the original in terms of precision, recall, mAP and F1‐score, with the CA attention mechanism providing the most notable improvement—enhancing precision, recall, mAP and F1‐score by 18.119%, 9.633%, 16.496% and 13.524%, respectively. After integrating BiFPN, the YOLOv5s_teabuds model further strengthened performance and robustness, with precision, recall, mAP and F1‐score increased by 19.346%, 11.388%, 18.620%, and 15.059%, respectively. Experimental results prove that the optimized YOLOv5s model can provide a real‐time, high‐precision tea buds detection method for robotic harvesting.
Energy, exergy and exergoenvironmental assessments of waste heat operated basic and modified cogeneration systems for freshwater and hydrogen production
Authors: Chandio Mohammad Waqas , Qureshi Shafiq Ur Rehman , Kumar Laveet , Memon Abdul Ghafoor
Published: February 2025

In this study, thermodynamic and environmental assessments of waste heat driven cogeneration systems are carried out. The cogeneration systems include basic and modified configurations of Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Reverse osmosis (RO) unit and Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser. The ORCs are aimed at transforming waste heat into power for the operation of a reverse osmosis (RO) unit and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser, for generation of fresh water and hydrogen, respectively. The systems were simulated in engineering equation solver (EES). Among the studied configurations and working fluids, the findings demonstrate that the ORC configuration that combines both an internal heat exchanger and a mixing chamber (HMORC) and employing Isopentane as working fluid showed optimal performance, and showcasing energy and exergy efficiencies, and sustainability index values of 19.31%, 24.63%, and 2.033, respectively. Furthermore, this setup achieves maximum flow rates of 5.211 m3/h for fresh water and 2.737 kg/h for hydrogen. Moreover, The parametric study indicates that performance of the cogeneration systems improves with rise in evaporator pressure and drop in condenser pressure. The results highlight the promise of optimised system configuration for effective waste heat recovery and sustainable resource use.
The impact of different packaging methods on physicochemical properties of yellow curry pastes products during storage period
Authors: Annisa Kusumaningrum , Mahargono Kobarsih , Rima Zuriah Amdani , Aldicky Faizal Amri , Asep Nurhikmat , Retno Utami Hatmi , Mirwan Ardiansyah Karim , Nugroho Siswanto , Amarilia H Dameswari , Siswo Prayogi
Published: February 2025

The eventual quality of yellow curry paste packaging is influenced by the packaging method and materials. The presents study assessed the effect of packaging methods on yellow curry paste samples packed in polypropylene and multilayer packages. Yellow curry pastes samples (40-50℃, 150 g) packed in zipper pouch polypropylene, sealed multilayer non vacuum and vacuumed multilayer then stored at 30 ℃ for 35 days. Moisture content, water activity, pH and color were measured weekly for 35 days. The physicochemical of the yellow curry paste samples were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the interaction of packaging methods and storage period. The increase of moisture content in all packaging methods occurred on the 7th day with a range of 36.39-53.81%. The moisture content trends showed that both vacuum and non-vacuum multilayers were able to maintain moisture content changes after 7th day for 35 days storage period. The pH values of yellow curry paste samples for 35 days ranged from 4.96 to 5.19, 4.97 to 5.19 and 4.96 to 5.10 in zipper pouch polypropylene, sealed multilayer non-vacuum and vacuumed multilayer respectively. The pH trends obtained for all method packaging increased on the 7th day could be due to the oxidation process. The highest aw 0.80 was recorded from vacuumed multilayer packaging on 35 days. The lowest aw 0.69 was recorded for samples stored for 28 days packed in zipper pouch polypropylene. A significant difference color (L* a* b*) on 0- and 35-days storage was shown in the yellow curry paste sample packed in polypropylene. Multilayer material with a vacuum method can be recommended for packaging yellow curry paste based on moisture content, water activity, pH, and color parameters.
Effects of Modified Taro Flour by Heat Moisture Treatment Substitution on Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Index, and Elongation of Pasta
Authors: Sabila Arsyistawa Hadana , Aini Nur , Setyowati Retno
Published: February 2025

Tubers are a high-carbohydrate local food commodity with great potential to be turned into flour and processed into various food products, such as pasta. One type of tuber that can produce functional pasta products is taro. Taro has a high fiber content and a low glycemic index, making it safer for individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) compared to commercial pasta available in the market. However, taro flour needs to be physically modified using the Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) technique to improve its characteristics and enhance its functional value. HMT can reduce swelling power and solubility while producing a stable texture, thus optimizing the physicochemical characteristics of starch and making it suitable as a pasta raw material. Furthermore, HMT treatment can also increase Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) and Resistant Starch (RS), resulting in a lower glycemic index. This research aims to produce high-fiber and low-glycemic index pasta. In this study, a comparison was made between pasta with modified HMT taro flour substitution, 100% semolina-based control pasta, and commercial pasta. The variables analyzed in this product are fiber content, glycemic index, and elongation. This research is expected to yield functional pasta products that are high in dietary fiber and have a low glycemic index, serving as a functional food alternative for individuals with DM based on local food sources. Pasta with 30% taro flour substitution contains a total dietary fiber content of 4.49%; glycemic index 22.39; and an extension of 20.17%.
The Effect of Packaging Type and Pasteurization Time on Changes in The Quality of Getuk Lindri
Authors: Halim Risjad , Ritonga Abdul Mukhlis , Novitasari Dian
Published: February 2025

Getuk Lindri is a traditional food made from boiled cassava which is mashed and mixed with granulated sugar. Getuk Lindri is not widely produced as a souvenir because Getuk Lindri is a semi-wet food that has a short shelf life of 1-2 days. The research was conducted based on the potential of Getuk Lindri as a souvenir. Efforts to maintain the quality of Getuk Lindri in this research are by using a thermal pasteurization process with variations of 10 minutes and 15 minutes and using EVOH (Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol) and PP (Polypropylene) plastic packaging. The parameters observed in this research were the degree of acidity, color, brix levels, texture, and organoleptic (aroma, taste, and texture). This research aims to determine the effect of packaging type, pasteurization time, and a combination of packaging type and pasteurization time on the observed parameters. The results of this research show that the type of packaging (K) has a significant effect on texture and aroma (organoleptic), texture, degree of acidity, and color with EVOH packaging (K3) as the best choice. Pasteurization time treatment (P) has a significant effect on taste (organoleptic) and texture with 10-minute pasteurization (P1) as the best choice. The combination of packaging type and pasteurization time (KxP) has a significant effect on all variables of Getuk Lindri with K3P1 (EVOH packaging with 10-minute pasteurization) as the best combination.
Development of an Epidemiological Model with Transmission Matrix to Understand the Dynamics of Tuberculosis Spread
Authors: Pasaribu Meliana , Fran Fransiskus , Helmi  , Ditya Angela Nadya Putri , Alexander  , Priyatna Tegar Rama
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis remains a major challenge in the field of healthcare. The spread of tuberculosis depends on complex interactions between individuals within a population, involving factors such as mobility, physical contact, and age groups. Each age group has unique characteristics that influence how tuberculosis spreads among the population and how each group responds to the infection. To understand the dynamics of tuberculosis spread, an epidemiological model is required. This study aims to develop an epidemiological model based on a transmission matrix that can represent the pattern of tuberculosis spread within a population. The transmission matrix is used to describe the interactions between individuals and subpopulations, taking into account the transmission rate and incubation period. After building the model and transmission matrix, model calibration and validation are conducted. In this stage, model parameters are adjusted to ensure that the model can accurately replicate the observed epidemiological data. Subsequently, analysis is performed using the model and transmission matrix to understand the dynamics of disease spread, followed by interpretation of the results. The findings of this study indicate that the use of the transmission matrix provides valuable insights into the dynamics of tuberculosis spread and helps identify high-risk subpopulations.
In jeder Lebensphase – Ergotherapie in geriatrischen Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Kirsch Gaby , Laube Paulina
Published: February 2025

In Pflege- oder Altenheimen verfolgen Ergotherapeut*innen das Ziel, Klient*innen bestmöglich in ihrer Selbstbestimmung, ihrer Partizipation und ihrem Wohlbefinden zu fördern und ein feines Gespür für ihre Lebenssituation zu entwickeln. Dafür gilt es Herausforderungen wie die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit zu meistern. Wie das gelingt, beschreiben Paulina Laube und Gaby Kirsch.
Mit kleinen Schritten starten – Evidenzbasierte Praxis
Authors: Gerasch Leonie
Published: February 2025

Eine hochwertige Therapie setzt professionelles Arbeiten voraus. Die Umsetzung in der ambulanten Praxis ist allerdings gar nicht so einfach. In ihrer Masterarbeit untersuchte Leonie Gerasch, wie es Ergotherapeut*innen gelingen kann, Hürden wie Zeitmangel oder fehlende Kompetenzen im wissenschaflichen Arbeiten zu umgehen.
Die Rechtsfrage: Darf ich andere Therapiepraxen weiterempfehlen?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: February 2025

Ich arbeite als Therapeutin in einem Krankenhaus. Darf ich Patient*innen eine therapeutische Praxis für die ambulante Weiterbehandlung empfehlen? Wenn meine Hausärztin mich an einen Spezialisten verweist, sagt sie immer, dass sie mir niemanden empfehlen darf. Und wie muss eine Schweigepflichtentbindung aufgebaut sein?

Therapeutin aus Bayern
Erkennen, Verstehen, Behandeln – Dissoziation
Authors: Kropp Deborah
Published: February 2025

Traumatisierungen, ungelöste Konflikte oder gestörte Beziehungen können dissoziative Störungen auslösen. Deborah Kropp gibt im Artikel Einblick darüber, was im Gehirn bei Dissoziationen passiert, und zeigt, warum es wichtig ist, dass Betroffene wieder lernen, im Alltag Emotionen auszudrücken und zu regulieren.
Low-dose Oral Misoprostol after Cervical Ripening with a Double-balloon Catheter: 25 µg or 50 µg?
Authors: Kehl Sven , Karademir Zeynep Selen , Weiss Christel , Titzmann Adriana , Schneider Michael , Beckmann Matthias W. , Bader Simon
Published: February 2025

Misoprostol is used in low doses for the induction of labor. It is still not clear, however, which of the approved doses (25 µg or 50 µg) is more beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral misoprostol at a dose of 25 µg or at a dose of 50 µg should be preferred to induce labor after cervical ripening with a double-balloon catheter.

This retrospective cohort study analyzed full-term pregnancies (≥ 37 + 0 GW) in which sequential induction of labor was carried out using a double-balloon catheter followed by oral administration of misoprostol. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 received 50 µg misoprostol every four hours and Group 2 received 25 µg misoprostol every two hours. The primary target parameter was the rate of caesarean sections. Secondary target parameters included the interval from induction to delivery, the rate of spontaneous births, vaginal operative deliveries, and neonatal outcomes.

967 patients were included in the study: 514 in Group 1 and 453 in Group 2. There was no significant difference in the rate of caesarean sections between the two groups (p = 0.688). However, significantly more women in Group 2 had unsuccessful induction of labor, defined as a vaginal birth after 72 hours (15.8% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.001). But fewer neonates from Group 2 required transfer to the neonatal department (10.6% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.001).

The study found no difference in the rate of caesarean sections for the different doses of misoprostol. However the rate of vaginal deliveries only occurring after 72 hours was higher in the group treated with 25 µg misoprostol, while more neonates required transfer to the neonatal department in the group receiving 50 µg misoprostol.
Modeling of shock wave loading FeO to 1000 GPa
Authors: Maevskii Konstantin K.
Published: February 2025

Iron oxide, FeO, is one of the main rock-forming oxides. Research into its thermophysical properties under high-energy loading is necessary to construct an equation of state that is used in modeling the properties of Earth's mantle and core as well as other celestial bodies. The results of calculations of thermodynamic properties of FeO under shock compression up to 1000 GPa are presented. In the phase transition field, calculations for FeO are performed as a mixture of low- and high-pressure phases based on the assumption that components of the mixture are in thermodynamic equilibrium under shock wave loadings. The conditions at the wave front are expressed in Rankin–Hugoniot ratios that express conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Conservation conditions for momentum and energy flow are written for the mixture overall, while conservation conditions for mass flow are written separately for each component. Supplementing the obtained expressions with the condition of equality of the component temperature values and the equations of state for each component, shock adiabatic curves for a heterogeneous material are obtained. This method allows us to accurately describe the shock-wave loading of FeO, including in the phase transition region. Verification of simulation results is carried out using data obtained from experiments and calculations by other researchers. The considered technique is useful for calculations of similarly complex materials.
Turbulence suppression at extreme plasma densities on DIII-D and EAST
Authors: Ding S. , Garofalo A. M. , Wang H. Q. , Choi W. , Gong X. Z. , Qian J. P. , Huang J. , Hatch D. , Kotschenreuther M. T. , Mahajan S. , Weisberg D. B. , Li Z. Y. , Yan Z. , Jian X. , Baek S.-G. , Bonoli P. , Wallace G. , Eldon D. , Victor B. S. , Marinoni A. , Hu Q. M. , Carvalho I. S. , Odstrčil T. , Wang L. , Li K. D. , Hyatt A. W. , Osborne T. H. , McClenaghan J. , Holcomb C. T. , Hanson J. M. , Sun Y. X. , Wang Z. H.
Published: February 2025

Recent high-poloidal-beta (high-βP) experiments on DIII-D and EAST have made coordinated breakthroughs for high confinement quality at high density near the Greenwald limit. Density gradient amplification of turbulence suppression at high βP can explain both of these achievements. Experiments on DIII-D have achieved Greenwald fraction (fGr = line-averaged density/Greenwald density) above 1 simultaneously with normalized energy confinement (H98y2) around 1.5, as required in fusion reactor designs but never before verified in tokamak experiments with the divertor configuration. A synergy between increased H98y2 and fGr is observed with strong gas puffing, due to the build-up of an internal transport barrier at large radius in the temperature and density channels. Transport simulations reveal that the favorable trend of reduced turbulent energy transport at higher density is only expected when increasing the density gradient at high local safety factor and high β, thus at high βP to ensure strong α-stabilization. These conditions are crucial to many conceptual designs for steady-state reactors. New experiments on EAST have nearly doubled the ion temperature at fGr ∼ 0.9, consistent with predict-first modeling results based on the same physics revealed from the DIII-D analysis. All previous EAST long-pulse H-modes have Ti ≪ Te near plasma axis. Transport modeling indicates that the profiles are limited by ion-temperature-gradient modes at mid-radius. The modeling also suggested potential solutions, including reducing magnetic shear, enhancing density gradients, and higher impurity concentration. Following this guidance, EAST experiments directly show a strong enhancement of Ti achieved with a combination of a second plasma current ramp-up, a density gradient increase, and a Zeff perturbation by a short pulse (100 ms) of impurity injection, as predicted by the earlier modeling.
Tuning of parity-time symmetry effect through exceptional points in non-Hermitian terahertz metasurface
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshul , Islam Maidul , Panwar Anuraj , Kumar Gagan
Published: February 2025

In this article, we investigate parity-time (PT) symmetry in a non-Hermitian terahertz metasurface composed of two orthogonally oriented split ring resonators. Initially, one resonator is diagonally displaced relative to the other to study PT-symmetry in the system. The eigenvalues and eigenstates of the metasurface are examined at various displacement values to analyze the PT-symmetric phase transition. At a specific displacement, the metasurface design exhibits degenerate eigenvalues, marking the occurrence of an exceptional point. Beyond this point, the system transitions into a broken PT-symmetry phase. PT-symmetry is further explored by displacing the second resonator vertically and horizontally. This investigation reveals the presence of exceptional points during the transition from PT-asymmetry to PT-symmetry states. Additionally, the role of the split gap in the second resonator relative to the first is analyzed in this non-Hermitian system. It is observed that near-field coupling between the resonators plays a significant role during displacement. This is supported by the application of coupled mode theory to the metasurface. This comprehensive study on the impact of resonator displacement leading to exceptional points in a strongly coupled system holds potential for highly sensitive sensing applications and other advancements in photonics.
A class of order-preserving, spectral-property-optimized, and shock-capturing finite difference schemes for compressible flows
Authors: He Kang , Liu Hongwei , Guo Tongbiao , Li Xinliang , He Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

The numerical simulation of compressible flows, characterized by a wide range of flow length scales and discontinuities, still pose an open challenge to design the optimal schemes which resolve the small-scale flow structures with high-fidelity and capture the shock waves with no oscillations. In this paper, we proposed a new class of finite difference schemes to achieve this goal. First of all, a new nonlinear spectral-like weighted group velocity control (WGVC) scheme, centered around the concept of group velocity, is achieved to preserve the optimal order and optimize the spectral properties simultaneously by designing a new smoothness indicators for wave packets. Furthermore, by embedding the WGVC scheme into shock-capturing schemes, we further achieve the shock-capturing property without introducing any artificial parameters. The final schemes are validated by various numerical experiments and the results show that such schemes are order-preserving, spectral-property-optimized, and shock-capturing finite difference schemes and are very suitable for numerical simulation of compressible flow problems.
Experimental and theoretical study on the differential rock-failure characteristics of cascade nozzles
Authors: Zhang Di , Cao Shirong , Liu Xiangjie
Published: February 2025

Efficient development of unconventional natural gas using self-rotating cascade-nozzle bits will help accelerate the construction of a sustainable energy system. However, the reasons for the differences in the rock-failure characteristics of the cascade nozzles are still unclear. Experiments were conducted on sandstone and coal using the developed cascade-nozzle bit under different pressures. The rock-breaking characteristics of cascade nozzles are influenced by nozzle arrangement parameters, jet pressure, and rock lithology. The nozzle arrangement and pressure affect the force exerted by the jet on the rock and the rock-breaking performance. The central nozzle, which vertically impacts the rock, has the maximum shock pressure and rotating stagnation pressure, resulting in the deepest drilled erosion hole and, therefore, the strongest rock-breaking capacity, serving as the axial drilling during the drilling process. The depth and width of the distinct rock-failure characteristics of the different cascade nozzles increase rapidly and linearly, respectively, with increasing pressure. Rock lithology influences the failure mode of the rock under the forces. Sandstone mainly undergoes erosion failure due to the scouring of the cementing materials and particles, while coal can experience either erosion failure (pressure less than 10 MPa) or splitting failure (pressure greater than 15 MPa), or both simultaneously (pressure of 15 MPa). The research findings help improve the rationality of the cascade-nozzle arrangement.
Cognitive, linguistic, and socio-cultural perspectives on classifier usage
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: February 2025

Classifiers serve as tools for exploring how individuals use languages to cognitively categorize the world within social contexts. 只 (zhī), a prevalent classifier in modern Mandarin using simplified Chinese characters, categorizes both animate and inanimate referents, with the latter lacking significant similarities in shape or function. This paper conducts a corpus-based diachronic and synchronic semantic analysis of 只 (zhī) to reveal associations among its classified referents. It discovers that canonical referents classified by 只 (zhī) in simplified Chinese writing stem from two semantic meanings: “bird” and “one out of a pair”, linked to the original meaning of 隻 (zhī) from which the classifier 只 (zhī) originates. Additionally, 只 (zhī) is creatively used in the Internet Chinese language to categorize human referents, contributing to a playful style. The study identifies how cognitive and socio-cultural factors, in addition to lexical borrowing, influence the usage of 只 (zhī), aiding in the understanding of the comprehensive motivations behind Chinese classifier usage.
The synchronic status of historical bound roots in the mental lexicon
Authors: Carlson Matthew T. , Crosson Amy C.
Published: February 2025

Many English words contain historical roots that do not occur as free morphemes (e.g., nov in innovate, dict in verdict). These words often retain an appearance of compositionality and are associated with effects on lexical processing (Pastizzo & Feldman, 2004; Taft & Forster, 1975), but frequently their roots are difficult to identify without recourse to historical etymologies, and they are semantically opaque and unproductive. More practically, although such words are prominent in academic vocabulary, they are often difficult to learn, and instruction inspired by their apparent morphological structure has yielded mixed results (McKeown et al., 2018). We explore these psycholinguistic and educational challenges through a dynamic view of the mental lexicon (Libben, 2022), understanding morphological resources as gradient, emergent, and contextually adaptable for meaning making. We quantified bound roots’ morphological families by training an unsupervised parser on a lexicon approximating that of an educated English user, and then assessing polysemy and coherence of roots’ meanings, using vector semantic representations. Testing against behavioral data supported the validity of these measures, suggesting new ways of measuring the properties of bound roots independent from etymological data and demonstrating sensitivity even to unproductive morphological structure, that can support academic vocabulary development and meaning-making.
Coupling of magnetism and transport properties to the lattice degrees of freedom in NdBaCo2O

5
+
δ

(

δ
∼
0.65

)
Authors: Pant Himanshu , Singh Saurabh , Brar Jaskirat , Sharma Priyamedha , Bharath M , Kuga Kentaro , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Bindu R
Published: February 2025

We have studied the origin of zero volume expansion below the Curie temperature (

T
c

), variable range hopping (VRH) behavior using structural, magnetic, transport and thermal studies on the oxygen deficient double perovskite NdBaCo2O

5
+
δ

(

δ
∼

0.65). The valence state of Co ions and the possible properties exhibited by such compound were studied using electronic structure calculations for δ = 0.75. Careful investigation of structure shows that the compound stabilizes in tetragonal structure (P4/mmm) having

2

a
p

×
2

a
p

×
2

a
p

(222) superstructure, where a
p
is the cubic perovskite lattice parameter. The compound exhibits a minimum in resistivity, ferromagnetic (FM) and ferrimagnetic (FeM) transitions around 375 K, 120 K (

T

c

) and 60 K, respectively with signature of Griffiths phase above

T

c

. Our detailed structural analysis suggests signature of the onset of the above magnetic transitions at temperatures well above its stabilization at long range level thereby leading to VRH behavior. The observed zero thermal expansion in volume below

T

c

appears to be due to competing magnetic interactions within and between the magnetic sublattices. Our electronic structure calculations in FM and FeM configurations show (a) Co ions stabilize in intermediate spin (IS) state, having oxidation state less than +3, (b) half metallicity, (c) the behavior of the density of states is in line with the resistivity results, and (d) unusually high orbital angular moment in Co ions with inclusion of spin orbit coupling (soc). Our results show the possibility of coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity. We believe that our results especially on the valence state of the Co ion, zero thermal expansion in volume, short range magnetic orderings and the connection between different degrees of freedom will be helpful in clearing the ambiguities existing in literature on the nature of magnetism and thereby aiding in designing new functionalities by maneuvering the strength of soc.