bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of chemical composition and nutritional value in grain from selected winter wheat cultivars grown in south-western Poland
Authors: Szuba-Trznadel Anna , Gałka Bernard , Kamińska Joanna , Jama-Rodzeńska Anna , Król Zygmunt , Jarki Daniel , Fuchs Bogusław
Published: February 2024

Given the low protein coverage by legumes in Poland, alternatives (with high protein content and high nutritional value) are being sought (with high protein content and high nutritional value of protein) that could replace these plants. Cereal cultivation dominates in Poland; hence, the search for high-value plants will also consider this group of plants. The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional value of proteins from two wheat cultivars. A field experiment conducted in Zawidowice in south-western Poland in 2019 investigated the nutritional values of two winter wheat cultivars: Aurelius and Activus. These two cultivars were compared in terms of their chemical composition, the biological value of their proteins for animal nutrition, and the content of macro- and microelements. Significant differences in chemical composition were found between the tested wheat cultivars. In terms of the chemical composition, i.e. the content of protein, fiber and ash, the Activus cultivar was characterized by significantly better parameters. This cultivar also had significantly higher gross energy. In turn, a significantly higher content of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, cysteine, tryptophan, histidine, leucine, ioleucine, and valine, was found in the Aurelius cultivar; therefore, the indicators determining the biological value of the protein are more favorable in the Aurelius cultivars. Meanwhile, in terms of selected macro- and microelements the Auerlius cultivar was more valuable. Varietal progress is necessary to obtain cultivars with the essential nutrients needed by animals to satisfy their dietary requirements.
Analysis of age-specified and genotype distribution of HPV multiple infections in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhou Yu-Xia , Ma Xiao-Hui , Wang Ting-Ting , Qu Xiao-Li , Zhang Xiao-Qian
Published: February 2024

Multiple infections are a key component of HPV pathogenesis and have a direct impact on how an infection turns out. It’s crucial to look at the associations between HPV multiple infections and both age and HPV genotypes in the Chinese population, searching for the causative factors of multiple infections with a view to providing new ideas for the treatment and prevention of multiple infections. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data of HPV infections among outpatients from the 2019 year to the 2021 year of Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Analyzed the correlation between HPV multiple infections and age using logistic regression. Differences in the percentage of multiple infections between age groups were compared using the chi-square test. The chi-square test compared the differences in the distribution of 15 common HPV genotypes in mono- versus multiple infections. A two-dimensional matrix presented the frequency of HPV genotype combinations. Logistics regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with the occurrence of multiple infections, with a dominance ratio OR 1.026 (95% CI 1.02–1.04). Interestingly, the proportion of HPV multiple infections among HPV-positive individuals increases with age in people older than 30 years of age. The chi-square test showed there was a difference in the distribution of HPV genotypes between multiple infections and mono- HPV infection (χ2 = 76.4; p = 0.000), a difference in the composition of HPV genotypes for dual versus single infections (χ2 = 90.6; p = 0.000) and a difference in HPV genotypes for triple versus single infections (χ2 = 56.7; p = 0.000). A 2 × 2 matrix showed that the combination of HPV52/HPV58 (30; 6.4%) was the combination of the highest frequency of infection for dual infections; The HPV52/HPV58 (21; 4.8%) combination was the highest frequency of HPV triple infection combination. HPV multiple infections were positively correlated with age; increasing age was positively correlated with the proportion of HPV multiple infections in the total infected population; the distribution of the 15 common genotypes of HPV differed between multiple infections and single infections; and HPV52:58 was a common type of infection combination in the Shandong population.
Nanocrystals as performance-boosting materials for solar cells
Authors: Yang Boping , Cang Junjie , Li Zhiling , Chen Jian
Published: February 2024

Nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely studied owing to their distinctive properties and promising application in new-generation photoelectric devices.
The structure–activity relationship of copper hydride nanoclusters in hydrogenation and reduction reactions
Authors: Zheng Xi , Liu Ye , Ma Wanli , Su Yan , Wang Yu
Published: February 2024

Three Stryker-type copper hydride nanoclusters ([CuH]6) were synthesized. Variations in the electron-donating properties of phosphine ligands affect the hydrogenation reaction and reduction process activity of [CuH]6.
Enhancing photocatalytic efficiency with hematite photoanodes: principles, properties, and strategies for surface, bulk, and interface charge transfer improvement
Authors: Jha Bibhuti Kumar , Chaule Sourav , Jang Ji-Hyun
Published: February 2024

This review systematically explores various strategies aimed at enhancing charge transfer at different levels—bulk, surface, and interfaces of hematite. The examination encompasses diverse approaches, and assesses their impact on mitigating the identified issues.
High-performance Bi2Se3/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures as binder-free anodes in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Meija Raimonds , Lazarenko Vitalijs , Rublova Yelyzaveta , Felsharuk Andrei , Andzane Jana , Gogotsi Oleksiy , Baginskiy Ivan , Zahorodna Veronika , Dutovs Aleksandrs , Voikiva Vanda , Lohmus Rynno , Viksna Arturs , Erts Donats
Published: February 2024

For high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Bi2Se3/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures emerge as a possible anode choice.
The pore structure and water absorption in Portland/slag blended hardened cement paste determined by synchrotron X-ray microtomography and neutron radiography
Authors: Vigor James E. , Prentice Dale P. , Xiao Xianghui , Bernal Susan A. , Provis John L.
Published: February 2024

The development of the pore structures of hardened Portland/slag cement pastes for sample ages up to 1 year, and the absorption of moisture through these pores, are monitored and quantified using X-ray and neutron techniques.
Inverse design for materials discovery from the multidimensional electronic density of states
Authors: Bang Kihoon , Kim Jeongrae , Hong Doosun , Kim Donghun , Han Sang Soo
Published: February 2024

To accelerate materials discovery, a deep learning method for inverse design of inorganic materials using multidimensional DOS properties was developed.
A dual passivation strategy based on F/N co-doped coal-based graphene quantum dots for high-efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hu Qixu , Zhao Ke , Liu Min , Riaz Salman , Qi Ying , Wei Peng , Cheng Jian , Xie Yahong
Published: February 2024

F/N-GQDs were used to synergistically passivate defects of perovskite layers, suppressing nonradiative recombination, optimizing energy level alignment, and improving hole extraction ability, greatly enhancing the photoelectric performance of C-PSCs.
CO2-generated amorphous metal organic frameworks for efficient CO2 conversion
Authors: Fang Zhou , Hu Yue , Yao Bing , Ye Zhizhen , Peng Xinsheng
Published: February 2024

Amorphous CO2-based MOFs are directly synthesized and utilized for CO2 cycloaddition, providing an avenue for dual carbon neutralization. The amorphous MOFs show superior catalytic performance compared with crystalline ones (yield >99%, TON >2600).
Dithienoquinoxaline-quaterthiophene wide bandgap donor polymers with strong interchain aggregation for efficient organic solar cells processed with a non-halogenated solvent
Authors: Wang Xinkang , Zhang Zesheng , Kong Lingchen , Luo Mei , Chen Mingqing , Zhang Lianjie , Chen Junwu
Published: February 2024

Wide bandgap oligothiophene based polymers PQx4T and PQx4T-2F were synthesized, among which PQx4T-2F was very efficient to construct toluene-processed active layers with a non-fullerene acceptor.
Pretargeted radiotherapy and synergistic treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer using cross-linked, PSMA-targeted lipoic acid nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Liqun , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhou Siming , Li Jie , Pan Lili , Liao Chunyan , Wang Zhipeng , Chen Ying , Shen Guohua , Li Lin , Tian Rong , Sun Hongbao , Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Shiyong , Wu Haoxing
Published: February 2024

A potent strategy based on cross-linked, PSMA-targeted lipoic acid nanoparticles revealed the great potential of pretargeted radiotherapy for the synergistic treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Nanozymes: a new approach for leukemia therapy
Authors: Wang Wei , An Jingyi , Zhao Runze , Geng Xin , Jiang Wei , Yan Xiyun , Jiang Bing
Published: February 2024

Nanozymes demonstrate catalytic activities that can modulate ROS levels in leukemia cells, presenting a promising approach for treating leukemia.
A review of AI-based trust management in smart cities
Authors: Ohnesorg Jessica , Fakhoury Nazek , Eltahawi Noura , Ge Mouzhi
Published: February 2024

Given the complexity of trust management in smart cities, this work unfolds the important role of trust management across various domains. Be- yond its traditional roots in human relationships, trust management emerges as a cornerstone in technological, business, and societal contexts. This scoping review first organizes the literature by five most commonly cited indicators, and then derives essential insights from existing literature. This paper not only nav- igates through the challenges presented by technological advancements in trust management, but also offers a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and frameworks shaping trust in smart cities.
Improving access to prescription-based care through patient-centered smart pharmacy ecosystems
Authors: Georges Badr Nabil , Khiami Malak
Published: February 2024

In smart cities, community pharmacies offer a range of health services, including clinical data gathering, medication dispensing, and automated alerts for precautions. Our paper reviews smart pharmacies, highlighting a shift from prescription-based treatment to patient-centered care. This transformation involves promoting a culture of cooperation and shared decision-making among stakeholders for value co-creation through seamless integration of pharmaceutical services and technology. Through the lens of Service Dominant (SD) Logic, this conceptual paper sets out to examine the context of smart pharmacies in the contemporary healthcare landscape, revealing their potential in advancing patient-centered care and driving collaborative value creation within a complex healthcare ecosystem.
Empowering service systems through Intelligence Augmentation (IA) in digital society
Authors: Bassano Clara , Caputo Francesco , Barile Paolo , Piciocchi Paolo
Published: February 2024

The paper explores the interpretative significance of relevance in the systemic qualification of “intelligence,” particularly in the context of Intelligence Augmentation (IA). Using the Viable System Approach (VSA) matrix, it delves into Informational Variety and Systemic Relevance to understand the incremental impact of AI in complex decision-making. The study reveals that, methodologically, the relevance of the viable system explains the synergistic collaboration between humans and machines, considering technology not just as an influential resource but also possessing structural criticality. “Intelligent” service systems, based on AI, transform into “wise” systems when components cooperate with technological resources. This interaction, rather than amplifying human capabilities, leads to cognitive enhancement, streamlining decision-making. The abstract emphasizes the incompleteness of current support systems, which focus solely on the quantitative aspect of information, suggesting that greater efficiency necessitates integrating human experiences, knowledge, and emotions. It underscores that the role of technology lies in how humans interact with it, and as technology becomes increasingly critical, algorithms will progressively shape AI decision-making processes. In summary, AI facilitates the transition of the business system from an intelligent to a wise configuration, integrating the rational component of AI with the emotional aspect of human intelligence.
Les dents et le milieu buccal au cœur de la santé globale
Authors: Prosper Alison , Lê Sylvie , Thomas Charlotte , Minty Matthieu , Hamel Olivier , Blasco-Baque Vincent , Canceill Thibault
Published: February 2024

La recherche autour des interrelations existant entre les maladies orales et les maladies systémiques connaît une croissance exponentielle depuis plus de vingt ans. Les dents et leurs tissus de soutien peuvent être atteints de maladies, notamment infectieuses, dont les conséquences se font ressentir localement, dans la cavité buccale, mais aussi à distance dans l’organisme. Ces maladies conduisent fréquemment à l’entretien d’un état inflammatoire dans la cavité orale qui complique les traitements de maladies inflammatoires systémiques. L’objectif de cette revue est de dresser un état des lieux des connaissances actuelles concernant les interrelations qui peuvent exister, chez l’adulte comme chez l’enfant.
Les cellules mésenchymateuses orales, une niche spécifique, du développement à la régénération
Authors: Isaac Juliane , Clerc Mélodie M. , Ferré François C. , Fournier Benjamin P.J.
Published: February 2024

Les tissus muqueux et osseux oraux présentent des propriétés uniques. Les fibroblastes de la muqueuse orale et les ostéoblastes des mâchoires, issus des crêtes neurales crâniennes, jouent un rôle clé dans la cicatrisation/réparation. Ces cellules expriment un répertoire spécifique de gènes associés à leurs propriétés régénératives, mais aussi liés aux maladies rares crâniofaciales. La connaissance de ces tissus ouvre des perspectives cliniques pour la régénération tissulaire et la réparation des défauts osseux et muqueux. Ces avancées multidisciplinaires ont aussi un impact prometteur sur la prise en charge des maladies liées au parodonte et sur l’amélioration de la santé bucco-dentaire.
Auto-immunité et cavité orale, où en est-on en 2023 ?
Authors: Lobognon Vanessa Dominique , Alard Jean-Éric
Published: February 2024

Les maladies auto-immunes (MAI) restent une énigme dans notre compréhension du système immunitaire. L’identification de leurs étiologies demeure un défi majeur en dépit d’une augmentation exponentielle de nos connaissances sur le fonctionnement du système immunitaire. La cavité orale a une place particulière vis-à-vis des MAI. La muqueuse buccale présente les barrières naturelles de l’organisme parmi les plus exposées à des agents pathogènes. À ce titre, elles jouent un rôle dans l’éducation du système immunitaire, puis dans la protection quotidienne de l’organisme. Les perturbations du système immunitaire se manifestent fréquemment par des conséquences au niveau de la sphère buccale, le plus souvent précocement, permettant d’initier une démarche diagnostique. L’effort de recherche actuel sur les interactions entre microbiotes et système immunitaire permet de moderniser l’hypothèse historique liant une origine infectieuse à l’apparition de l’auto-immunité, en y apportant quelques nuances.
Spécificités de la douleur neuropathique oro-faciale
Authors: Moreau Nathan , Peirs Cédric , Dallel Radhouane , Boucher Yves
Published: February 2024

Les douleurs de la région céphalique – et notamment les douleurs oro-faciales – diffèrent des douleurs spinales sur les plans physiopathologique, clinique, thérapeutique et pronostique. Leur prévalence élevée, leur fort retentissement sur la qualité de vie individuelle et leur impact économique et sociétal important justifient une étude spécifique. Parmi ces douleurs, les douleurs neuropathiques, résultant d’une maladie ou d’un traumatisme du système nerveux trigéminal, sont parmi les plus difficiles à diagnostiquer et à soigner. L’étude des mécanismes neurobiologiques, périphériques et centraux les sous-tendant a permis de nombreuses avancées conceptuelles, cliniques et thérapeutiques, avec, par exemple, la mise en évidence du rôle des cellules nerveuses et non nerveuses, telles que la glie, les immunocytes, les cellules endothéliales vasculaires ou le rôle de la reconfiguration de la circuiterie nerveuse au niveau du complexe sensitif trigéminal, dans la genèse des douleurs neuropathiques post-lésionnelles. Les interactions cellulaires au sein du ganglion trigéminal, susceptibles d’éclairer la compréhension de certaines comorbidités douloureuses dentaires, oculaires ou céphalalgiques, sont également décrites.
Die Selbstwirksamkeit spielerisch stärken – Therapiespiel Mindsetter
Authors: Döringer Gesa
Published: February 2024

Therapeutische Spiele können eine interaktive Lernumgebung bilden und Motivation, Kreativität sowie Engagement fördern. Gesa Döringer entwickelte den Mindsetter, um Klient*innen ein Gefühl von Selbstwirksamkeit zu vermitteln. Er basiert auf der lösungsfokussierten Therapie und enthält Elemente des spielbasierten Lernens. Der Mindsetter hat sich bewährt, um die Ziele von Klient*innen zentral zu stellen und neuen Ideen Raum zu geben.
Im Dialog mit dem dem eigenen Körper – Embodiment
Authors: Hawighorst Svenja
Published: February 2024

Therapeut*innen sind in ihrem Berufsalltag vielfältigen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Eigene Emotionen zu erkennen und zu berücksichtigen ist wichtig, um Erkrankungen wie einem Burnout vorzubeugen. Svenja Hawighorst beschreibt, wie man Embodiment zur Gesundheitsförderung einsetzen kann.
Bleeding Risk Prediction in Patients Treated with Antithrombotic Drugs According to the Anatomic Site of Bleeding, Indication for Treatment, and Time Since Treatment Initiation
Authors: Bhagirath Vinai , Kovalova Tanya , Wang Jia , Xu Lizhen , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , O'Donnell Martin , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Bosch Jackie , Coppolecchia Rosa , Vaitsiakhovich Tatsiana , Kleinjung Frank , Mundl Hardi , Eikelboom John
Published: February 2024

Background Reasons for the relatively poor performance of bleeding prediction models are not well understood but may relate to differences in predictors for various anatomical sites of bleeding.

Methods We pooled individual participant data from four randomized controlled trials of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary and peripheral artery diseases, embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), or atrial fibrillation. We examined discrimination and calibration of models for any major bleeding, major gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), according to the time since initiation of antithrombotic therapy, and indication for antithrombotic therapy.

Results Of 57,813 patients included, 1,948 (3.37%) experienced major bleeding, including 717 (1.24%) major GI bleeding and 274 (0.47%) ICH. The model derived to predict major bleeding at 1 year from any site (c-index, 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.71) performed similarly when applied to predict major GI bleeding (0.71, 0.69–0.74), but less well to predict ICH (0.64, 0.61–0.69). Models derived to predict GI bleeding (0.75, 0.74–0.78) and ICH (0.72, 0.70–0.79) performed better than the general major bleeding model. Discrimination declined over time since the initiation of antithrombotic treatment, stabilizing at approximately 2 years for any major bleeding and major GI bleeding and 1 year for ICH. Discrimination was best for the model predicting ICH in the ESUS population (0.82, 0.78–0.92) and worst for the model predicting any major bleeding in the coronary and peripheral artery disease population (0.66, 0.65–0.69).

Conclusion Performance of risk prediction models for major bleeding is affected by site of bleeding, time since initiation of antithrombotic therapy, and indication for antithrombotic therapy.
The Utility of Routinely Performing a Short-Interval Cholecystogram following Cholecystostomy Tube Placement
Authors: Geisler Jospeh , Amarneh Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of routinely performing short-interval cholecystogram (SIC) following percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement and to identify predictive factors for early PCT dislodgment.

Materials and Methods We conducted retrospective review of 224 adult patients who underwent PCT placement for acute cholecystitis at a single tertiary care medical center. SIC was defined as occurring at least 1 day after PCT placement and prior to the patient being discharged from the hospital. Early PCT dislodgment was defined as occurring within 2 months of placement.

Results Among 224 patients, 181 (80%) patients underwent SIC on average 3 days after PCT. Of these, 175 (97%) had PCT appropriately positioned, while 6 (3%) showed tube malposition outside the gallbladder. Patients who underwent a SIC demonstrated a similar rate of early tube dislodgment compared to those discharged without this procedure (12.6 vs. 14.3%, p = 0.81). Notably, patients with a body mass index exceeding 40 kg/m2 had a higher likelihood of early cholecystostomy tube dislodgment (29 vs. 14%, p = 0.038).

Conclusion Routinely performing a SIC following PCT may offer limited benefit. We recommend selectively performing this study on patients with clinically suspected tube dislodgement.
Fish school “fast-starts” benefit the back of the class
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: February 2024

Downstream delays drive dynamic rotational velocity for group followers
Portable maser realized through miniaturization tech, room-temperature gain material
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: February 2024

The device, weighing just a few kilograms, can produce coherent microwave light and could be applied in medical and communications fields.
Study yields insight into infant ability to identify voices – and exposes research gaps
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: February 2024

Babies appear less adept at distinguishing voices of unfamiliar men than those of unfamiliar women.
Snapshot volumetric imaging using rainbow-sheet illumination
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Yuan Hang , Zhang Pengfei , Gao Feng
Published: February 2024

Traditional lens-based three-dimensional imaging methods struggle with speed, spatial resolution, field of view, and depth of field (DOF). Here, we propose a volumetric imaging method that combines rainbow-sheet illumination, chromatic-aberration-induced DOF extension, and compressive hyperspectral imaging to optically section transparent objects over 200 depth slices in a single snapshot. A proof-of-concept mesoscopic system with a lateral resolution of 12.7 line pairs per millimeter and a depth resolution of roughly 140 μm in a volume of 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 is constructed. The practicality of the suggested method is demonstrated by dynamic volumetric imaging of a transparent jellyfish at a rate of 15 volumes per second.
Elusive helium stars identified in archival data
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: February 2024

After reinterpreting measurements for studying gamma-ray bursts, researchers found the progenitors of some supernovae.
Disrupted routines anticipate musical exploration
Authors: Kim Khwan , Askin Noah , Evans James A.
Published: February 2024

Understanding and predicting the emergence and evolution of cultural tastes manifested in consumption patterns is of central interest to social scientists, analysts of culture, and purveyors of content. Prior research suggests that taste preferences relate to personality traits, values, shifts in mood, and immigration destination. Understanding everyday patterns of listening and the function music plays in life has remained elusive, however, despite speculation that musical nostalgia may compensate for local disruption. Using more than one hundred million streams of four million songs by tens of thousands of international listeners from a global music service, we show that breaches in personal routine are systematically associated with personal musical exploration. As people visited new cities and countries, their preferences diversified, converging toward their travel destinations. As people experienced the very different disruptions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns, their preferences diversified further. Personal explorations did not tend to veer toward the global listening average, but away from it, toward distinctive regional musical content. Exposure to novel music explored during periods of routine disruption showed a persistent influence on listeners’ future consumption patterns. Across all of these settings, musical preference reflected rather than compensated for life’s surprises, leaving a lasting legacy on tastes. We explore the relationship between these findings and global patterns of behavior and cultural consumption.
Developing a Formal Animal-Assisted Therapy Program Across Disciplines at a Preschool with Welfare Considerations for Canine Participants
Authors: Winsor Katrina
Published: February 2024

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is becoming more common in school settings. When structured properly, there can be many benefits for student participants. However, a program should not be considered successful if it does not also carefully consider the welfare of the animal participants. To truly consider this perspective, there should be proper training for staff prior to seeking to incorporate AAT to ensure proper competency. Sessions should also be carefully and thoughtfully structured in ways that ensure that the welfare of the animal participants is prioritized. Each environment should also be carefully considered from the perspective of not only the goals to be accomplished via AAT but also from the perspective of the animal. This should include ways to avoid overworking the animal and balancing out their schedule with time for them to relax and recharge. Applying all of these factors together can provide a program with a holistic perspective to enhance the human-animal bond and be mutually beneficial and fulfilling.

Information

© The Author 2024
Impacts of Capital Investment in Tourism Infrastructure: The Case of the Kuélap’s Cable Car System
Authors: Medina Cecilia Rivas , Osorio Sandra Cherro
Published: February 2024

Located in the north of Peru, the Archaeological Complex of Kuélap – an ancient fortress nestled in the cloud forest – is considered a significant cultural resource representative of one of the country’s most important pre-Inca cultures: the Chachapoyas. While being a main destination on the north-eastern tourism circuit, this site required considerable development in order to attract tourism to the area. This case study investigates the relationship between capital investment in tourism infrastructure and improvements to tourism services. A combination of public and private partnerships allowed for the improvement of accessibility and tourism information facilities. The implementation of a cable car system to the fortress, the first of its kind in the country, has significantly reduced the trip distance from 2 h of hiking down to 20 min. The inclusion of signposting, infography and resting areas has also contributed to tourism satisfaction. Furthermore, through the development of community-based products and services, the local population is expected to benefit from the increase in visitation. As a result of these developments, tourist numbers showed a positive increase, contributing to the local economy. This case study examines current impacts and provides an analysis of other factors related to the management of heritage sites and their implications in the long term.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Fiscal Incentives for Hotels in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Garcia Carolina I. , Pforr Christof , Volgger Michael
Published: February 2024

This case study focuses on the Hotel Sector Promotion Scheme, a programme implemented in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, for the period 2019–2023. The scheme provides fiscal incentives in the form of tax credits for developing and improving hotel infrastructure in the city. To explore this case, we use secondary data from the City Legislature and media outlets specialising in tourism, as well as primary data from interviews with tourism stakeholders. By reviewing the programme and its particularities, this contribution sheds light on the interface between policy making, evidence use and partnerships.

Information

© The Authors 2024
National Parks and Landscape Commodification: New Challenges for Nature-based Tourism in Patagonia
Authors: Landini Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Some of the most important tourism destinations in North Patagonia are located inside or adjacent to National Parks, especially around a circuit known as the Lakes Corridor that runs along the Andes through more than 600 km. Even though the main attractions are in the protected areas, accommodation and other services are provided in the towns or cities nearby. As a result of the intensification of tourism and recent inward migrations, the region has experienced urban growth and the emergence or increase of social disputes around land use, environmental issues, and local residential needs. In this case study, we analyze this process, focusing on destinations from the Lakes Corridor and paying special attention to the COVID-19 pandemic effects. The main objective is to understand the characteristics, actors involved, and tensions that emerge in urban development related to this specific kind of tourism based on the positive valorization of nature. This case study is part of an investigation regarding the configuration of tourist landscapes in North Patagonia. Methodologically, it involves the construction of data through observation and interviews, as well as qualitative analysis of different sources, like promotion material and public documentation regarding territorial planning.

Information

© The Author 2024
Evolution and spread of multiadapted pathogens in a spatially heterogeneous environment
Authors: Griette Quentin , Alfaro Matthieu , Raoul Gaël , Gandon Sylvain
Published: February 2024

Pathogen adaptation to multiple selective pressures challenges our ability to control their spread. Here we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens spreading in a heterogeneous host population where selection varies periodically in space. We study both the transient dynamics taking place at the front of the epidemic and the long-term evolution far behind the front. We identify five types of epidemic profiles arising for different levels of spatial heterogeneity and different costs of adaptation. In particular, we identify the conditions where a generalist pathogen carrying multiple adaptations can outrace a coalition of specialist pathogens. We also show that finite host populations promote the spread of generalist pathogens because demographic stochasticity enhances the extinction of locally maladapted pathogens. But higher mutation rates between genotypes can rescue the coalition of specialists and speed up the spread of epidemics for intermediate levels of spatial heterogeneity. Our work provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between migration, local selection, mutation, and genetic drift on the spread and on the evolution of pathogens in heterogeneous environments. This work extends our fundamental understanding of the outcome of the competition between two specialists and a generalist strategy (single- vs. multiadapted pathogens). These results have practical implications for the design of more durable control strategies against multiadapted pathogens in agriculture and in public health.
Contrasting academic approaches to COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution: What can the Oxford and Texas experiences teach us about pandemic response?
Authors: Contreras Jorge L , Shadlen Kenneth C
Published: February 2024

This article contrasts the different approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development adopted by Oxford University, on one hand, and Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (collectively, Texas), on the other hand. Texas was praised widely in the press and academic literature for adopting an “open source” approach to vaccine development. Oxford, however, chose to license its vaccine technology to pharmaceutical manufacturer AstraZeneca and received significant public criticism as a result. Yet the Oxford vaccine reached far more individuals in developing countries than the Texas vaccine. We compare the two vaccines' experiences, drawing attention to a constellation of interrelated elements that contribute to a successful vaccine production program, including not only IP licensing, but also timing, technology transfer, and resource mobilization, all in the context of the prevailing funding environments. This comparative analysis sheds light on how the innovation ecosystem functioned during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing useful insights for policy makers and advocates as they prepare for future pandemics and other global health challenges.
Antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and epidemiological data of gonorrhoea patients in five cities across Ethiopia, 2021–22
Authors: Birhanu Muluken , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku , Schröder Daniel , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat , Jacobsson Susanne , Tasew Geremew , Addis Tesfa , Abdeta Abera , Alem Yonas , Desalegn Zelealem , Ademe Muluneh , Teka Birhanu , Yohannes Meron , Yigeremus Mahlet , Golparian Daniel , Gebre-Selassie Solomon , Unemo Magnus
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global public health concern and enhanced global gonococcal AMR surveillance is imperative. As in many African countries, regular, representative and quality-assured gonococcal AMR is lacking in Ethiopia. We describe the AMR in gonococcal isolates from five cities across Ethiopia, 2021–22, and patient epidemiological data.

Methods

Urethral discharge from males and cervical discharge from females were collected from October 2021 to September 2022. Epidemiological data were collected using a questionnaire. MIC determination (ETEST; eight antimicrobials) was performed on gonococcal isolates and EUCAST breakpoints (v13.1) were used.

Results

From 1142 urogenital swab samples, 299 species-identified gonococcal isolates were identified; 78.3% were from males and 21.7% from females. The median age for males and females was 25 and 23 years, respectively. Most isolates (61.2%) were identified in Addis Ababa, followed by Gondar (11.4%), Adama (10.4%), Bahir Dar (10.0%) and Jimma (7.0%). The resistance level to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and benzylpenicillin was 97.0%, 97.0% and 87.6%, respectively, and 87.6% of isolates were producing β-lactamase. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and spectinomycin. Recommended therapy [ceftriaxone (250 mg) plus azithromycin (1 g)] was used for 84.2% of patients.

Conclusions

We present the first national quality-assured gonococcal AMR data from Ethiopia. Resistance levels to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and benzylpenicillin were exceedingly high. However, all isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and spectinomycin. In Ethiopia, it is essential to strengthen the gonococcal AMR surveillance by including further epidemiological data, more isolates from different cities, and WGS.
Not Carfentanil—A Case of Unexpected Xylazine Detection
Authors: Zheng Jasper X , Randall Shelby , Grimsrud Kristin , Bainbridge Scott , Tran Nam K
Published: February 2024

Historically, xylazine has been utilized in veterinary medicine for decades as an anesthetic and analgesic sedative to facilitate safe handling, diagnostic testing, and surgical procedures in large animals. Currently, xylazine is an emerging threat to human health. It has been detected in the illicit drug supply chain, often as an adulterant. It has been more commonly added to illicit substances, most notably fentanyl, by drugmakers to enhance drug effect. End users are often unaware of its presence. This is alarming given the large number of xylazine-involved overdose deaths while laboratory detections are deficient and reversal agents are absent. Herein, we present the first documented case of xylazine identified via gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at University of California Davis Health despite a peculiarly mild clinical presentation. We hope to increase awareness of this potentially fatal adulterant that is often missed in evaluation and engender further opportunities to study this ongoing issue.
Evaluation of Sensitive Analytes to Hemolysis Interference on an Automated Chemistry Analyzer
Authors: Marakankadavu Parambu Marfas , Bush Valerie
Published: February 2024

Background

Hemolysis is a common reason for specimen rejection in the laboratory. Our experience suggested that hemolysis (H) flag limits are too strict for some analytes leading to unnecessary specimen rejections. This study summarizes H flags for commonly rejected analytes on the Beckman Coulter DxC 700 AU analyzer.

Methods

We evaluated analytes with low-limit H flags and high rejection rates. These included: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), iron (IRN), potassium (K), direct bilirubin (DBIL), magnesium (Mg), amylase (AMY), sodium (Na), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), phosphorus (PHOS), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Five patient plasma pools without hemolysis were made from 50 patient specimens. Neat pools were analyzed to establish baseline analyte concentrations. A hemolysate was created by diluting whole blood with distilled water. Each analyte was tested after spiking each pool with the hemolysate to specific hemoglobin concentrations corresponding to manufacturer’s H flags. Percent differences were calculated between baseline pool means and each flag’s pool mean. Acceptance limits were based upon the average of the 2019 CLIA and the method precision limits. Calculated percent differences greater than the acceptance limits were considered significant.

Results

Manufacturer-defined hemolysis flags can be updated to greater than 1+ for Na, K, and AST, greater than 3+ for ALKP, and greater than 4+ for AMY and Mg. No changes were noted for the remaining analytes.

Conclusions

The hemolysis criteria set for ALKP, AMY, AST, Mg, K, and Na were updated in the Remisol Advance middleware, which led to a 56% reduction in rejected hemolyzed specimens.
Whole Blood Cardiac Troponin “Triaging” to Improve Early Detection of Myocardial Injury at a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: de Koning Lawrence , Seiden-Long Isolde , Anker Katherine , Myers Kimberley , Stang Antonia
Published: February 2024

Background

The importance of offering on-site cardiac troponin (cTn) testing at pediatric hospitals may be underappreciated. We developed a rapid rule-in process for myocardial injury at a pediatric hospital experiencing delays in off-site high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) testing.

Methods

Collect-to-verify turnaround times (TATs) for off-site testing were reviewed. Pre-analytic changes to improve TATs were devised, implemented and evaluated, after which a new analyzer was selected and evaluated for on-site cTn testing. Performance of the new analyzer's assay was compared to the off-site hs-cTnT assay, and post go-live TATs for on-site testing were assessed.

Results

Median collect-to-verify TAT for short turnaround-time (STAT) priority off-site plasma hs-cTnT testing was 104 min, with 35% of orders having a TAT >120 min. Eliminating serum separator tubes and requiring a separate plasma separator tube did not significantly reduce TATs. A QuidelOrtho Triage® MeterPro whole blood cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay was implemented to “triage” time-critical and STAT priority specimens collected for off-site hs-cTnT testing. Elevated cTnI (≥0.02 µg/L) had a sensitivity of 91% for clear elevations in hs-cTnT (≥53 ng/L) but a 0% sensitivity for modest elevations (5 to 13 ng/L, 14 to 52 ng/L). An interpretive comment was auto-appended to cTnI results indicating that clinicians should wait for the hs-cTnT result if cTnI was normal. Median collect-to-verify TAT for on-site cTnI testing was <50% the TAT for off-site hs-cTnT testing.

Conclusions

On-site point-of-care whole blood cTn testing can rapidly confirm significant or late-presenting myocardial injury. Combined with simultaneous off-site high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) testing, this workflow is a viable interim solution for pediatric hospitals without on-site hs-cTn testing.
Effects of burn severity and postfire salvage logging on carnivore communities in montane forests
Authors: Volkmann Logan A , Hodges Karen E
Published: February 2024

Wildfire and postfire salvage logging are major drivers of forest succession in western North America. Although postfire landscapes support a variety of carnivore species, it is unclear how these animals respond to differing patterns and severities of burning, or to additional landscape change from postfire salvage logging. Open, early-seral habitats created by these disturbances are predicted to benefit generalists such as coyotes (Canis latrans) and weasels (Mustela spp.), but restrict the activity of forest specialists such as Canadaian Lynx (Lynx canadensis) and Pacific Marten (Martes caurina). We used winter track surveys, supplemented with remote cameras, to examine carnivore habitat use in and around large, mixed-severity burns in north-central Washington, United States (burned in 2006), and central British Columbia, Canada (burned in 2010, then partially salvage-logged; some areas reburned in 2017). At 10 to 13 years postfire, marten had similar detection rates across lightly and severely burned areas of the 2006 burn, as did coyotes. Marten selected lightly burned areas of the 2010 burn (6 to 9 years postfire) over higher burn severities, and selected burns over adjacent unburned forests. Weasels selected areas of higher burn severity on both landscapes, while Lynx selected lower burn severities. Weasels and coyotes selected areas with a greater proportion of salvage-logged habitat in the 2010 burn, while marten, lynx, and wolves (Canis lupus) avoided areas with salvage logging. Fishers (Pekania pennanti) showed no clear patterns of selection or avoidance in relation to burn severity or salvage logging. Burn severity strongly influences wildlife activity postfire; lightly burned residual habitats are critical for forest specialists. Postfire salvage logging alters carnivore communities and may hinder species that require structurally complex landscapes.
Parasitic leiomyoma of the greater omentum: a case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Zhiman , Wang Yongzhou , Lei Hongyan
Published: February 2024

Parasitic leiomyomas (PL), also known as free leiomyomas, which occur outside the uterus and rarely happen in clinical practice. They are usually reported in women of reproductive age who underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy and frequently present with symptoms such as abdominal pain and distention. In fact, it is hard to determine the nature of the mass according to the imaging examination and clinical manifestation. At present, the most common treatment involves an abdominal or laparoscopic surgery in order to remove the mass and perform the next step of treatment based on the histological diagnosis. In this case report, we describe a 35-year-old woman with a 12.4 × 9.3 × 9.8 cm3 PL with blood supply from the greater omentum. Considering the prolonged menstruation of the patient, she underwent the hysteroscopic and laparotomy exploration. The mass was confirmed as smooth leiomyoma with necrosis by the immunohistochemical examination. The patient had a good recovery and being discharged seven days after the surgery. The patient is still in the follow-up.
First report of a post-pneumonectomy nocardia empyema
Authors: Nakata Jonathan A , Arif Azzan , Chai Louis F , Su Stacey
Published: February 2024

Post-pneumonectomy empyema (PPE) is an uncommon but serious complication that carries significant therapeutic challenges. We present a late-onset PPE due to Nocardia nova in an immunocompetent individual. Nine years after a right pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, surveillance scans revealed new right pleural thickening and FDG avidity concerning for recurrence. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsies were negative for malignancy, but tissue cultures grew N. nova. Nocardia empyema is rare with few reported cases. Most occur in immunocompromised hosts, and all were associated with pulmonary or disseminated nocardiosis. Our case describes the first report of a PPE secondary to Nocardia.
Small bowel volvulus with chylous ascites: a case report
Authors: Nakamura Shun , Tajima Masaaki , Yokoyama Naoki , Kikuchi Nobuyuki
Published: February 2024

Here, we report a rare case of small bowel volvulus with chylous ascites. A 93-year-old man with a medical history of angina pectoris presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed a whirl sign of the mesenteric vessels with the axis of the superior mesenteric artery. A diagnosis of small bowel volvulus was made, and emergency surgery was performed. Laparoscopic examination revealed chylous ascites. Due to severe intestinal edema and difficulty in manipulating the forceps, surgery was transferred to a laparotomy. The entire small bowel was twisted 360° counterclockwise, requiring manual untwisting. Examination of the intestinal tract after untwisting revealed no evidence of ischemia or necrosis. However, because a diverticulum was observed on the mesenteric side of the upper jejunum and considering the influence of secondary small bowel volvulus, partial small bowel resection was performed. The patient had a favorable postoperative course.
Promoting the consumption of insect-based foods: The role of information, protein-based nutrition claims, and dietary styles
Authors: Gassler Birgit , Koetzsche Maike , Koemle Dieter , Teuber Ramona
Published: February 2024

Although insects have been approved as novel foods since 2021, European consumers’ willingness to purchase insect-based (IB) foods remains low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of (i) information treatments highlighting either the safety or environmental benefits of IB ingredients, and (ii) protein-based nutrition claims in promoting the consumption of IB foods. Additionally, we investigated how vegans, vegetarians, flexitarians, and omnivores differ in their entomophagy attitudes and choice behavior. We collected data from 844 German consumers via an online questionnaire that included a choice experiment featuring bread made with insect flour. Our findings highlight differences in entomophagy attitudes by diet, with vegetarians, and vegans showing a stronger aversion to insect consumption compared with omnivores and flexitarians. Results from random parameters logit models indicate that the information treatments had no effect and that the majority of consumers, regardless of their diet, would require a discount to buy bread made with insect flour. Protein-based nutrition claims only promoted the purchase of IB bread by vegetarians.
A Dynamic Model of Input–Output Networks
Authors: Liu Ernest , Tsyvinski Aleh
Published: February 2024

We develop a dynamic model of input–output networks that incorporates adjustment costs of changing inputs. Our closed-form solution for the dynamics of the economy shows that temporary shocks to upstream sectors, whose output travels through long supply chains, have disproportionately significant welfare impact compared to affected sectors’ Domar weights. We conduct a spectral analysis of the U.S. production network and reveal that the welfare impact of temporary sectoral shocks can be represented by a low-dimensional, 3-factor structure.