bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A literary Review of Nidanpanchak of Pandu Vyadhi
Authors: Abdare Madhuri Sudhakar , Khobragade Rupali
Published: April 2021

Pandu is a very common prevalent disease in the society. Nutritional Iron deficiency is the most common cause of Panduroga in India. It affects all age groups but the most vulnerable are preschool-age children, pregnant women, and non-pregnant women of childbearing age. In India Malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy, contribute to anemia which can be correlated as pandu roga in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda panduroga has been described in all Samhita in detail with nidan panchak in present study. Study deals with systemic review of Panduroga from all the classics of Ayurveda.
Kakanasa (Martynia diandra, Glox.) â€“ An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: Jere Netra , Avalaskar Amit
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is the most ancient health care System. The textual legacy started with Bruhat Samhita was completed in 4th century. After that, texts were written in the form of Nighantus which explained the dravyas, base of any treatment, in detail. Ancient Acharyas never limited the number of Dravyas as Acharya Charaka says- â€˜Nothing in this world is devoid of  medicinal propertiesâ€™.  More than 3000 plants had discussed in the Ayurveda in Sanskrit texts. Out of them some plants are widely used by clinicians today in their day to day practice. Eg. Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris) in urinary tract diseases.  Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica) in Acidity. Mushali (Chlorophytum borivilianum) in Azoospermia Shunthi (Zingiber officinale) in Digestive problems etc. On the other hand there are still some plants which are not yet more focused; but used by very few people in some conditions. Kakanasa (Martynia diandra, Glox.) is one of them. It is an annual herb, can be seen throughout the country, generally occupying rubbish heaps and waste places.
"Clinical study to assess the efficacy of Nitya Shodhana, Shaman and Rasayana chikitsa in the management of Sandhigata vata with special reference to osteoarthritis.
Authors: Karmarkar Gaurangi Girish , Rasal Prajakta , PAWAR VINAY ANKUSH
Published: April 2021

Background: Inappropriate physical activities as well as improper dietary habits lead to Osteoarthritis. The vitiated Vata vitiates other Dosha that gets launched in Sandhi (joints) which leads to pathological changes termed as Sandhigata Vata. In Ayurveda, Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa are indicated for pacification of aggravated Dosha and Rasayana Chikitsa for replenishment of Dhatukshaya.
Methods: In the present study, 30 study subjects showing classical signs and symptoms of Sandhigata Vata were enrolled. Gokshuradi Guggulu as Shamana Chikitsa, Gandharvahastyadi Kashaya as a Nitya Shodhana along with Dashamoola Kwath Parisheka was given for 14 days followed by Rasayana Churna (Gokshura-Guduchi-Amalaki) for three months. Assessment of clinical efficacy was done on the basis of subjective and objective parameters - Shool (Resting Pain), Shool (Nocturnal Pain), Akunchan Prasarna Shool (Pain of Movements) of Knee, assessment of Pain of Weight bearing, Difficulty in Walking (Sakashtagaman), Pidanasahatwa (Tenderness), Shotha, Range of movementwas done. The data generated through clinical study was subjected to appropriate statistical tests.
Results: Significant relief was observed in all symptoms which was statistically significant too (p < 0.05). Not a single adverse event reported in any of the study subjects during or after the study.
Discussion: Gokshuradi Guggulu is an effective Rasayana as well as Shaana, Guggulu acts as Vatahara, Shoolahara. Gandharvahastyadi Kashaya helps in vatanulomana & regularizes vatadosha. Dashamoola Kwath Parisheka pacifies Vatadosha and thus relieves pain and swelling in Sandhigata Vata. Rasayana Churna proved to be very effective in managing the degenerative joint disorder like Sandhigata Vata.
Conclusion: Present study reveals that the selected composite management of Nitya Shodhana, Shamana and Rasayana Chikitsa has potential effect on Sandhigata Vata with the added advantage of being free from side effects.
To Study The Effect Of Mahatriphaladi Ghrita On Drushtipatalgat Vyadhi W. S. R. to Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Khajekar Sonali vilas , Nimase Sandeep K.
Published: April 2021

ARMD is a degenerative disorder change occurred previously was not reversed by either treatment in particular time of span. After statistical analysis, it was concluded that there is no difference between the applied two treatments. Mean was calculated and observed there was slightly more in the control group but was negligible. Results were equally good with the contemporary modern line of treatment, therefore can be prescribed as an alternative medication which will help patients suffering from ARMD.
Indralupta (alopecia areata) Kshudraroga management in Sushruta Samhita and Alopathy
Authors: Gayakwad Pratibha , Giri Seema , Patange Gauri P.
Published: April 2021

The history of cosmetics extents at least 6000 years and is present in almost every society all over the world. In todayâ€™s era people are suffering from stress and strain due to the hustle and bustle of urban lifestyle. This has succumbed them to various lifestyle disorder.. Due to which itâ€™s effects are seen on the body and out of which hair is affected the most. Sushruta has mentioned about Khalitya. It is caused by vitiation of  vata and  pitta doshas. In Indralupta there will be vitiation of rakta with kapha which obstruct the hair follicle.  sushruta had said that the drushti and the lomkupaa never grow throughtout lifetime but hairs  and nail do. In chikitsasthana the treatment for Indralupta. The bald paer or seat should be anointed and fomented, and then bleeding (by venesection) should be resorted to, after which a plaster composed of Manahsila, Kasisa, Tuttha and Maricha, or of Kutannata and Devadaru pasted tighter, should be applied to it. Alopecia areata also known as spot baldness,  is a state in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. Typical symptoms of alopecia areata are small bald patches, underlying skin is unscarred and looks superficially normal. Patients also tend to have a slightly higher incidence of condition related to the immune system, such as asthama, allergies atopic dermatitis, and hypothyroidism. It occurs at any age. Hair loss area may tingle or painful. Due to autoimmunity, colic disease, endogenous retinoids metabolic defect alopecia areata occur..
Linguistic Study on the Sandipa Manuscript. Morphology (3.1.). The Noun. The Article. The Adjective. The Numeral
Authors:   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Verebceanu Galaction
Published: April 2021

The morphological peculiarities of some flexible parts of speech (noun, article, adjective, numeral) present in the text of the popular writing entitled Sandipa (ms. Rom. 824, dated 1798 and kept at the State Library of Russia, Moscow) are analyzed. The forms are examined in terms of the norm existing in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Considerations on the Establishment of Marketing Terminology in Romanian
Authors:   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Druta Inga , Vieru Lidia ,   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Vlas Mariana ,   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology
Published: April 2021

The marketing language in Romanian is recent, having its beginnings in the 90s of the last century. Modern marketing has evolved from strictly economic processes and phenomena to psychosocial ones, which derive from the subjective behavior of the consumer. The paper analyzes the most common procedures for establishing marketing terms in Romanian in the etymological, semantic and structural aspects and concludes that the marketing language is interdisciplinary, with a continuous dynamics, with terminological fluctuations, in search of identity and of its characteristics.
PROBLEMS OF MODERN TIMES IN TURYSBEK SAUKETAYEV’S NOVEL "I AM A MADMAN"
Authors: Zaikenova R. Z. , Sharap A. U.
Published: April 2021

In the small and voluminous works of Turysbek Sauketayev, which represent a special type of thinking in Kazakh literature, the destinies of people and various social situations are intertwined. The writer is distinguished from others by a special style of writing and the choice of the subject of the work. The novel "I am a madman" has a high symbolic meaning. The damage caused by negativity and untruth in society to the fate of the individual, truthfulness, justice, love, etc. reveals a break in ties, contradictions between society and the individual, reflecting the devaluation of human values in the soul of the hero. The novel raises questions of humanity, the search for justice in human existence.
THE ROLE OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT (SCAFFOLDING) IN SUBJECT-LANGUAGE TRAINING: VISUALIZATION OF LEARNING THROUGH A SYSTEM-FUNCTIONAL MULTIMODAL APPROACH
Authors: Kakimova M. E. , Sabiev E. V. , Ensegenova G. Zh.
Published: April 2021

When learning a second foreign language, students often face numerous problems, one of which is the lack of linguistic resources of the language being studied. The most effective solution to this problem can be the use of methodological supports (scaffolding) in the context of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). This article examines the possibility of using visual thinking as a potentially valuable multi-modal tool for the development and understanding of scientific content by students in the context of CLIL through discourse analysis. It is known that the discourse has a focus on pragmatics, on various linguistic situations, on communication and on the text as a whole. It is assumed that discourse and its analysis are considered as a process and a result in the form of a text at the same time.
Diagnosis and Treatment of an Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis: A Case Report Study
Authors: Soghli Negin , Johari Maryam , Panjnoush Mehrdad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Given the improvements of diagnostic equipment, including new imaging modalities, the diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis cases has been growing rapidly in recent years. The disorder is mainly caused by Aspergillus species since this species, as the most common pathogen, usually appears asymptomatic, leading to a delay in diagnosis. In this regard, the common manifestations involve headache, cough, nasal discharge, and facial pain. Clinicians usually disregard the odontogenic origin while seeking the etiology of symptomatic rhinosinusitis. Case Presentation: In this paper, we report a case of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in the left maxillary sinus of a patient complaining about intermittent pain, post-nasal discharge, anosmia, and oral malodor. According to the clinical examinations and radiographs, maxillary sinusitis was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with the surgical debridement of the affected tissue. Conclusions: Odontogenic sinusitis is most commonly the result of periodontitis or iatrogenesis. Although no antifungal treatment is necessary for fungal sinusitis, a variety of surgical approaches are adopted. The accurate diagnosis of odontogenic sources improves both treatment strategies and postoperative outcomes.
The Flight’s Lost Moment
Authors: Stonebridge Lyndsey ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

The failure of post-war institutions to fully grasp the depth and permanence of the placeless condition in the twentieth-century is at least in part responsible for the re-emergence of camps, barbed wire, sunken boats, and separated children in our own. As Seyla Benhabib demonstrates brilliantly, none of key intellectual exiles at the center of her book believed that political thought could simply accommodate the age of the refugee: the terms under which it operated had to shift with the moving world. I argue that there is an important kind of border poetics at work in these accounts of exile, migration and statelessness and within Benhabib’s analysis of the challenges that the placeless condition presents to the institutions of law and democracy today. This is no-coincidence. The modern history of placelessness required—and requires—a political imagination, and a language, that we are yet to fully appreciate or articulate. The wager of Benhabib’s book is how we might cultivate a poetics of exile which relinquishes claims to sweeping universalism whilst imagining the new forms we so urgently need to keep political life open to the differences and otherness that is its lifeblood.
The Role of the Christian Church in Combating 21st Century Racism
Authors: Iwuoha Clara M. Austin ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The demons of racism, bigotry, and prejudice found in society at large are also found in the Christian Church. Despite the very nature of Christianity that calls on Christians to be a counter voice in the world against evil, many have capitulated to various strains of racism. Some Christian denominations have begun to explore racism in the Church and have developed responses to addressing the issues in both the Church and the world. This article examines the historical context of race and religion in the Christian Church, and addresses the current efforts of some Christian denominations to become proactive in the struggle against racism. Jesus, in His Word, calls believers to pursue peace and oneness. The paper holds that racial harmony and racial unity are possible, but there are many false, old and d beliefs that will have to be crushed under the hammer of God's Word in order to get to a place of real peace.
Unmasking Color Racism
Authors: Allinson Robert Elliott ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

One reason Aristotle is distinguished as a philosopher is that he thought the philosopher investigated the causes of things. This paper raises the question: What are the causes of racial prejudice and racial discrimination. All ethical beings know that racial prejudice and racial discrimination are morally wrong, deplorable and should be completely eradicated. Deanna Jacobsen Koepke refers to Holt’s definitions in distinguishing racism from prejudice: “Racism is defined as hostility toward a group of people based on alleged inferiorities. Racism is a system of power and privilege that is at the foundation of society’s structures rather than prejudice, which is a hostile attitude toward a person based on trait he or she is assumed to have due to group membership.” This concept squarely places racism as the culprit to be extinguished. In this article, it is to be argued that to define racism as the target is only to observe the manifest phenomenon. The argument of the article is that racial prejudice and discrimination rest upon four pillars: political, economic, social and cultural. For simplicity of explanation, the social and cultural pillars shall be considered under the category of the political pillar, although the distinction between these pillars shall be noted. This article argues that these four pillars themselves, rest upon a foundation. The foundation is the deep psychological fear of the current, existing dominant economic group that the current existing dominated minority group will eventually usurp the power of the dominant economic group. The manifest form that this type of fear assumes is racial prejudice and discrimination. In its most extreme forms it then manifests as hate speech, hate action, hate brutality and hate murder.2 These manifestations provide the fuel that maintains the power imbalance and provides a camouflage for the four pillars that lie beneath the racist exterior. In this article, the political and economic pillars that underlie color racism will be examined first. The underlying deep psychological foundation shall be treated separately. In the end, the argument of this article is that color racism cannot be fully extinguished until its role as providing a mask for the underlying four pillars that consistently support inequality between different groups or classes are uprooted and the deep psychological fear that underlies them is eliminated.3 The masked function of color racism is its enormous power in perpetuating inequality; hence, the title of this paper, Unmasking Color Racism.
Western Racist Ideologies and the Nigerian Predicament
Authors: Elechi Maraizu ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Racism is responsible for discrimination against some citizens in Nigeria. It influences government's policies and actions and militates against equity and equal opportunity for all. It has effaced indigenous values and ebbed the country into groaning predicaments of shattered destiny and derailed national development. Racism hinges on superciliousness and the assumed superiority of one tribe and religion over the others. These bring to the fore two forms of racism in Nigeria: institutional and interpersonal racisms. The Western selfish motive to dominate, marginalize, and sustain economic gains, political expansion, psycho-mental control, and socio-cultural devaluations escalated racism in Nigeria. Racist ideologies were entrenched through the selfish ventures of slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism, which enforced an unprecedented unjust harvest of impugnable systemic practices. Neo-colonial forces continue to promote ethnocentrism, cultural imperialism, and the dehumanization, exploitation, oppression, and suppression of Africans. Adopting a methodical approach of critical analysis, this article spotlights the negative effects of racism on Nigeria's development. However, the bristling challenges of racist ideologies can be resolved within the epistemological compass of gynist deconstruction approach to human thought and action for a better universe of one human race.
A Retrospective Observational Study for Prediction of Stone-Free Status after Single-session of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Renal Stones
Authors: Jain Mayank , Manohar CS , Prasad KN Rajendra , Bhalerao Abhishek Umesh , Keshavamurthy R
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) is a preferred minimal invasive treatment modality for renal stones with advantages of being effective and having lower morbidity rates. Aim: To predict the Stone Free Rate (SFR) after RIRS with lower pole and non-lower pole stones. Materials and Methods: The records of 85 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral RIRS from September 2016 to July 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The studied parameters included patient demographics, stone characteristics (size, volume, and attenuation, Lower Pole Infundibulopelvic Angle (LP IPA) and operative time, presence of preoperative Double-J Stent (DJS) and Stone Free Status (SFS). Standard statistical tests were applied with level of significance as p<0.05. Results: Overall success rate was 83.5% (71 cases) while 14 cases had Residual Stones (RS) at 1 month. The mean age of the patients was 41.07±12.25 years. The mean operative time was 68.85±22.3 minutes. Mean stone size and stone volume were higher in the RS group compared to SF (Stone free) group, 15.07±1.5 mm vs. 12.28±1.6 mm, 1187±145 mm3 vs.680.67±289 mm3 respectively (p<0.001; p<0.001). In RS group, 90% (13) cases had IPA<45°, while 80% cases with IPA>45° were stone free. Patients with non-lower pole stones has SFR 2.8 times compared to LP stones (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, only LP IPA and LP stone location predicts SFS after RIRS. Conclusion: RIRS is effective procedure for renal stones. Stone size, stone volume, LP stone location and LP IPA effectively predict SFR. However, LP IPA and LP stone location are the most significant predictor of SFS, after single session RIRS for solitary renal stone.
Coronary Angiogram using Distal Radial Access: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lalitha S , Sai Vijay , Siddarth .
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Transradial access has become gold standard for percutaneous coronary catheterisation procedures. As the learning curve overcomes, safe alternative access sites such as Distal Radial Artery (DRA), ulnar artery have been tried. Aim: The aim of this study was to generate best evidence for using right DRA for coronary angiography. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a novel route in addition to radial artery was studied. A total of 150 cases who underwent the angiogram by the DRA technique were included in the study, preserving the radial artery for various procedures. DRA was punctured in anatomical snuffbox by standard techniques and coronary angiography was performed. The evaluated parameters included the characteristics of patients (gender and age distribution), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), mean arterial pressure, flouro time, puncture time, Dose Area Product (DAP) and cumulative air kerma. Fisher’s-exact test was used to find out the association between the gender, hypertension, diabetes and the success of puncture. Results: There was 93.4% successful puncture rate for distal radial access. There was no influence of age on the success of puncture. The association of success of puncture with gender, hypertension and diabetes was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study presents that the distal radial approach is feasible and relatively safe. Further randomised controlled trials may be required to establish this relatively new approach as the standard care.
Development Across the World on Vaccines for COVID-19: A Primer for Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Amrutiya Rahulkumar Jiteshbhai , Nimbalkar Somashekhar Marutirao
Published: April 2021

The current Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic needs no introduction. To save lives and revive the global economy, the need of the hour is a safe and effective vaccine which does not enhance viral disease. Scientists are using traditional, modern, and novel platforms to develop their vaccine candidates. Each platform has its pros and cons. Novel platforms will shorten our response time against biohazards of the future. Vaccine development is being rushed and we are optimistic that we will have a vaccine as early as mid-2021. World health organisation, governments, pharma giants, researchers, private companies, and philanthropists have joined their hands to fund the vaccine hunt and to ensure an equitable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine access to people all across the world. Our review highlights potential problems in vaccine development, plans for vaccine allocation, and hurdles for vaccine uptake. It also throws light on vaccine delays due to a lack of confidence in the safety and effectivity of the vaccine, along with difficulties to access a shot.
MICOS and the mitochondrial inner membrane morphology – when things get out of shape
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Ghosh Mausumi , Meinecke Michael
Published: April 2021

Mitochondria play a key role in cellular signalling, metabolism and energetics. Proper architecture and remodelling of the inner mitochondrial membrane are essential for efficient respiration, apoptosis and quality control in the cell. Several protein complexes including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), F1FO‐ATP synthase, and Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), facilitate formation, maintenance and stability of cristae membranes. MICOS, the F1FO‐ATP synthase, OPA1 and inner membrane phospholipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine interact with each other to organize the inner membrane ultra‐structure and remodel cristae in response to the cell's demands. Functional alterations in these proteins or in the biosynthesis pathway of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine result in an aberrant inner membrane architecture and impair mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities hallmark several human conditions and diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies and diabetes mellitus. Yet, they have long been regarded as secondary pathological effects. This review discusses emerging evidence of a direct relationship between protein‐ and lipid‐dependent regulation of the inner mitochondrial membrane morphology and diseases such as fatal encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and cancer.
CDX2 regulates interleukin‐33 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells (LS174T)
Authors: Larsen Sylvester , Seidelin Jakob Benedict , Davidsen Johanne , Dahlgaard Katja , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Bennett Eric Paul , Pedersen Ole Birger , Coskun Mehmet , Troelsen Jesper Thorvald
Published: April 2021

Dysregulation of interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but few studies have examined transcriptional regulation of the IL33 gene. In the intestines, gene regulation is controlled by a transcription factor network of which the intestinal‐specific transcription factor CDX2 is a key component. In this study, we investigated whether CDX2 regulates IL33 mRNA expression. We examined IL33 mRNA expression in primary colonic epithelial cells from healthy humans and epithelial cell lines, revealing high expression levels in primary colonic and LS174T cells. Combining genomics data (ChIP‐seq, RNA‐seq) and IL33 promoter analyses in LS174T cells revealed intronic enhancer activity in the IL33 gene that is dependent on CDX2 expression. Western blotting and qRT‐PCR confirmed that IL33 expression is upregulated in a CDX2 concentration‐dependent manner, thereby providing the first evidence that CDX2 regulates the expression of IL33.
Thought control in daily working life: How the ability to stop thoughts protects self‐esteem
Authors: Göbel Kyra , Niessen Cornelia
Published: April 2021

Dealing with unwanted thoughts is a recurrent phenomenon in everyday life. The present study focuses on intrusive thoughts in the work context and examines the protective function of thought control for self‐esteem. Possible mediators (negative affect, task focus) and individual differences in the ability to control unwanted thoughts are also considered. We assessed 143 employees' individual ability to suppress thoughts using the think/no‐think paradigm, followed by a five‐day experience sampling study in the work context. Multilevel analyses showed that individuals with lower suppression abilities experienced higher negative affect and lower self‐esteem when they tried to suppress intrusive thoughts, whereas individuals with higher suppression abilities did not. The findings reveal the protective nature of thought suppression abilities, but also highlight possible detrimental aspects of unsuccessfully engaging in thought control. The results provide a basis for recommendations to individuals on dealing with intrusive thoughts.
Achieving Remote Stress and Temperature Dual‐Modal Imaging by Double‐Lanthanide‐Activated Mechanoluminescent Materials
Authors: Chen Changjian , Zhuang Yixi , Li Xinya , Lin Feiyan , Peng Dengfeng , Tu Dong , Xie An , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: April 2021

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is one of the most important routes to realize remote sensing of stress distribution, but has never been used in temperature sensing. Traditionally, stress sensing and temperature sensing are separately realized through different methods in multifunctional sensors, which definitely makes the structure more complicated. In this work, the remote stress–temperature dual‐modal sensing is proposed by using the double‐lanthanide‐activated ML material SrZnSO:Tb,Eu, where the stress is read by the integral intensity of ML and the temperature is displayed by the green to red emission ratio (ITb/IEu) of ML in one material. The dual sensing mode in SrZnSO:Tb,Eu enables building of a new imaging system, providing a facile, reliable, and more sensitive way to remotely visualize the distribution of stress and temperature. It opens up a novel approach to develop advanced artificial skins with simplified structures in human–machine interfaces, structural health monitoring, and biomedical engineering applications.
Monitoring Reversible Tight Junction Modulation with a Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Lieberth Katharina , Brückner Maximilian , Torricelli Fabrizio , Mailänder Volker , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: April 2021

The barrier functionality of a cell layer regulates the passage of nutrients into the blood. Modulating the barrier functionality by external chemical agents like poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) is crucial for drug delivery. The ability of a cell layer to impede the passage of ions through it and therefore to act as a barrier, can be assessed electrically by measuring the resistance across the cell layer. Here, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is used in a current‐driven configuration for the evaluation of reversible modulation of tight junctions in Caco‐2 cells over time. Exposure to low and medium concentrations of PLL initiates reversible modulation, whereas a too high concentration induces an irreversible barrier disruption due to nonfunctional tight junction proteins. The results demonstrate the suitability of OECTs to in situ monitor temporal barrier modulation and recovery, which can offer valuable information for drug delivery applications.
Wearable Strain Sensor Based on Double‐Layer Graphene Fabrics for Real‐Time, Continuous Acquirement of Human Pulse Signal in Daily Activities
Authors: Sun Yongzhi , Zhang Zequn , Zhou Yu , Liu Shinian , Xu Hua
Published: April 2021

Real‐time, continuous acquirement of human pulse signal in daily activity has important clinical significance for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and healthcare system. Here, a wearable strain sensor is developed based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fabrics/foam tape/rGO fabrics structure to realize this goal. The wearable device is designed and fabricated with two‐layered rGO fabrics: the lower rGO fabrics that can directly attach to the skin surface acquire the superposition signal of the human daily activity and pulse, while the upper rGO fabrics can only acquire human daily activity signal because the foam substrate between the two rGO fabrics components can preclude the response of the upper rGO film to the weak pulse beat. Through comparing two signal modules, the human daily activity signal of the superposition signal can be marked and further eliminated by band‐pass filter method and the pulse signal in daily activity can be obtained. This wearable sensor displays capability to monitor human pulse signal during various daily activities, including index finger bending, middle finger bending, wrist flexion and extension, fist clenching and continuous finger flexion with different rates, thus providing a promising solution to monitor human pulse in daily activity.
Half‐sib mating for inheritance analysis of post‐drought recovery and productivity related traits in tall fescue
Authors: Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Taleb Mohammad Hadi , Mirmohammady Maibody Sayed Ali Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Climate change has exacerbated the need for grass varieties that are able to not only tolerate prolonged drought stress, but also to recover well post‐drought. The genetic basis of post‐drought recovery related traits and their association with drought tolerance has not yet been thoroughly investigated in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceum). Polycross‐derived half‐sib families (HF) were assessed for agro‐morphological traits in the field under three irrigation levels (normal, mild drought, and intense drought stresses) during 2017 and 2018. In the 3rd year (2019), irrigation was withheld for all treatments for 2 mo; after 6 wk re‐watering, the families were assessed for post‐drought recovery. Considerable genetic variation was observed among HF for measured traits. The results show that increased intensity of water stress had adverse effects on post‐drought recovery potential and production. Moderately high values of narrow‐sense heritability for yield components and recovery related traits suggest the influence of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Significant correlation of yield productivity and recovery forage yield with morphological traits and stress tolerance index indicate that forage production and recovery potential can be predicted via developing an index. The results also indicated that the recovery rate measured in the 3rd year was positively correlated with number of stems per plant and crown diameter of previous years. Based on the general combining ability (GCA) and application of multivariate analysis, families were identified that may be useful for high‐yield production and post‐drought recovery potential as well as turf application.
Increase of flow‐through pores in rationally designed organosilica‐PVDF nanocomposite membrane
Authors: Prajapati Pradeep K. , Mistry Rupal , Saxena Mayank , Nandha Nayan , Thummar Utpal , Kumar Pranay , Singh Puyam S.
Published: April 2021

Organosilica‐polyvinylidenefluoride nanocomposite membrane has shown excellent performance in emerging technology of membrane distillation process for treatment of highly saline water stream. In present work, a systematic study using capillary flow porometry was carried out to evaluate the constricted part of the flow‐through pores, which is active pores of the nanocomposite membranes. Mean flow pore size and distributions of the membrane pores were found to be influenced due to the phenomenon of micro‐gelation by air exposure prior to the immersion in the coagulation bath of the preparation method, polymer concentration, polymer chain length and nature of the solvent in the casting dope solution. The best membrane in terms of the largest mean flow diameter of 0.12 μm with narrow distribution of flow‐through pores were observed in the membrane with optimum organosilica content of 1.4 wt%.
One‐two dependence and probability inequalities between one‐ and two‐sided union‐intersection tests
Authors: Finner Helmut , Roters Markus
Published: April 2021

In a paper published in 1939 in The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Wald and Wolfowitz discussed the possible validity of a probability inequality between one‐ and two‐sided coverage probabilities for the empirical distribution function. Twenty‐eight years later, Vandewiele and Noé proved this inequality for Kolmogorov‐Smirnov type goodness of fit tests. We refer to this type of inequality as one‐two inequality. In this paper, we generalize their result for one‐ and two‐sided union‐intersection tests based on positively associated random variables and processes. Thereby, we give a brief review of different notions of positive association and corresponding results. Moreover, we introduce the notion of one‐two dependence and discuss relationships with other dependence concepts. While positive association implies one‐two dependence, the reverse implication fails. Last but not least, the Bonferroni inequality and the one‐two inequality yield lower and upper bounds for two‐sided acceptance/rejection probabilities which differ only slightly for significance levels not too large. We discuss several examples where the one‐two inequality applies. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible impact of the validity of a one‐two inequality on directional error control in multiple testing.
Can seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulations prevent suicidality? A systematic review
Authors: Chen Yiming , Magnin Charline , Brunelin Jérome , Leaune Edouard , Fang Yiru , Poulet Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Background

Suicide is a major public health issue and the majority of those who attempt suicide suffer from mental disorders. Beyond psychopharmacotherapy, seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulation interventions have been used to treat such patients. However, the effect of these nonpharmacological treatments on the suicidal ideation and incidence of suicidality remains unclear. Here, we aimed to provide an update on the effects of seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulation on suicidality.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library databases using the MeSH terms “Electroconvulsive Therapy”, “Magnetic Seizure Stimulation”, “repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”, “transcranial Direct Current Stimulation”, “Cranial Electrostimulation” and “suicide”. We included studies using seizure therapies and noninvasive brain stimulation as a main intervention that evaluated suicidality, regardless of diagnosis.

Results

Among 1,019 records screened, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria using either electroconvulsive therapy (n = 14), magnetic seizure therapy (n = 2), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (n = 9), or transcranial direct current stimulation (n = 1). We observed that studies reported significant results, suggesting these techniques can be effective on the suicidal dimension of mental health pathologies, but a general statement regarding their efficacy is premature due to limitations.

Conclusions

Future enquiry is necessary to address methodological limitations and evaluate the long‐term efficacy of these methods both alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy.
Influence of Soil Variation on Diosgenin Content Profile in Costus speciosus from Indo‐Gangetic Plains
Authors: Rawat Poonam , Kumar Manish , Srivastava Akanksha , Kumar Bhanu , Misra Ankita , Pratap Singh Satyendra , Srivastava Sharad
Published: April 2021

Costus speciosus is a rich source of commercially important compound Diosgenin, distributed in different regions of India. The present investigation was aimed to quantify diosgenin through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography in 34 germplasms of Costus speciosus and also to identify the superior sources and to correlate the macronutrients of rhizospheric soil. The starch content varied in microscopic examination and correlated inversely (r=−0.266) with diosgenin content. Findings revealed that the extraction process with acid hydrolysis yielded higher diosgenin content (0.15–1.88 %) as compared to non‐hydrolysis (0.009–0.368 %) procedure. Germplasms from Uttar Pradesh (NBCS‐4), Jharkhand (NBCS‐39) and Bihar (NBCS‐2) were identified as elite chemotypes based on hierarchical clustering analysis. The phosphorous content of respective rhizospheric soil correlated positively (r=0.742) with diosgenin content. Findings of present study are useful to identify the new agrotechniques. The elite germplasms can also be used as quality planting material for large scale cultivation in order to assure a sustained supply to the herbal drug industry.
Soil‐residual herbicides: Is there a trade‐off between waterhemp control and soybean injury?
Authors: Harre Nick T. , Young Julie M. , Hager Aaron G. , Young Bryan G.
Published: April 2021

The perceived risk of pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicide injury negatively affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield may cause growers to select herbicides and/or rates that, consequently, reduce waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] control. Research was conducted over 3 years with flumioxazin and sulfentrazone to evaluate the influence of herbicide rate and mixture on waterhemp control and soybean injury, density, development, and grain yield. In a year with limited rainfall, waterhemp control was >90% up to 9 weeks after planting (WAP) and soybean injury never exceeded 7% from all treatments. In years with more adequate moisture, reduced rates of either flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied with any mixture herbicide provided similar waterhemp control (>95%) to a full‐labeled rate of flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied alone at 3 WAP. A full‐labeled rate of flumioxazin or sulfentrazone in mixture with fomesafen + S‐metolachlor provided the greatest and most uniform waterhemp control (>90%) at 9 WAP. When applied at full‐labeled (1x) rates, soybean injury at 3 WAP from flumioxazin‐ and sulfentrazone‐based treatments ranged from 8 to 18% and 2 to 6%, respectively. Similar trends among treatments were observed for soybean density. Despite early‐season injury, treatments applied at a 1x rate did not reduce grain yield. However, applicators should be cognizant of spray boom overlap as 2x rates increased the extent of yield loss by up to 10 bu acre–1. Soybean injury at 9 WAP was a more accurate predictor of grain yield loss (R2 = .51) than injury at 3 WAP (R2 = .14).
Prognostic value of patient‐derived xenograft engraftment in pediatric sarcomas
Authors: Castillo‐Ecija Helena , Pascual‐Pasto Guillem , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Resa‐Pares Claudia , Vila‐Ubach Monica , Monterrubio Carles , Jimenez‐Cabaco Ana , Baulenas‐Farres Merce , Muñoz‐Aznar Oscar , Salvador Noelia , Cuadrado‐Vilanova Maria , Olaciregui Nagore G , Balaguer‐Lluna Leire , Burgueño Victor , Vicario Francisco J , Manzanares Alejandro , Castañeda Alicia , Santa‐Maria Vicente , Cruz Ofelia , Celis Veronica , Morales La Madrid Andres , Garraus Moira , Gorostegui Maite , Vancells Margarita , Carrasco Rosalia , Krauel Lucas , Torner Ferran , Suñol Mariona , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , Carcaboso Angel M
Published: April 2021

The goals of this work were to identify factors favoring patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and study the association between PDX engraftment and prognosis in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We used immunodeficient mice to establish 30 subcutaneous PDX from patient tumor biopsies, with a successful engraftment rate of 44%. Age greater than 12 years and relapsed disease were patient factors associated with higher engraftment rate. Tumor type and biopsy location did not associate with engraftment. PDX models retained histology markers and most chromosomal aberrations of patient samples during successive passages in mice. Model treatment with irinotecan resulted in significant activity in 20 of the PDXs and replicated the response of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Successive generations of PDXs responded similarly to irinotecan, demonstrating functional stability of these models. Importantly, out of 68 tumor samples from 51 patients with a median follow‐up of 21.2 months, PDX engraftment from newly diagnosed patients was a prognostic factor significantly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.040). This association was not significant for relapsed patients. In the subgroup of patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma classified as standard risk, we found higher risk of relapse or refractory disease associated with those samples that produced stable PDX models (p = 0.0357). Overall, our study shows that PDX engraftment predicts worse outcome in newly diagnosed pediatric sarcoma patients.
Biobank Scale Pharmacogenomics Informs the Genetic Underpinnings of Simvastatin Use
Authors: Wendt Frank R. , Koller Dora , Pathak Gita A. , Jacoby Daniel , Miller Edward J. , Polimanti Renato
Published: April 2021

Studying drug‐metabolizing enzymes, encoded by pharmacogenes, may inform biological mechanisms underlying the diseases for which a medication is prescribed. Until recently, pharmacogenes could not be studied at biobank scale. In 7,649 unrelated African‐ancestry (AFR) and 326,214 unrelated European‐ancestry (EUR) participants from the UK Biobank, we associated pharmacogene haplotypes from 50 genes with 265 (EUR) and 17 (AFR) medication use phenotypes using generalized linear models. In EUR, N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) metabolizer phenotype and activity score were associated with simvastatin use. The dose of NAT2*1 was associated with simvastatin use when compared with NAT2*5 (the most common haplotype). This association was robust to effects of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentration (NAT2*1 odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05–1.09, P = 1.14 × 10−8) and polygenic risk for LDL‐C concentration (NAT2*1 OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, P = 2.26 × 10−4). Interactive effects between NAT2*1 and simvastatin use on LDL‐C concentration (OR = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.916–0.998, P = 0.045) were replicated in the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Pharmacogenetic Sequencing Pilot (eMERGE‐PGx) cohort (OR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.976–0.998, P = 0.029). We used biobank‐scale data to uncover and replicate an association between NAT2 locus variation and better response to statin therapy. Testing NAT2 alleles may be useful for making clinical decisions regarding the potential benefit (e.g., absolute risk reduction) in LDL‐C concentration prior to statin treatment.
A novel dynamic clustering approach for energy hole mitigation in Internet of Things‐based wireless sensor network
Authors: Dogra Roopali , Rani Shalli , Sharma Bhisham , Verma Sandeep , Anand Divya , Chatterjee Pushpita
Published: April 2021

With the advancements in the technology, Internet of Things (IoT)‐based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have shown a tremendous growth in rendering a huge number of applications across the globe. However, it is observed that IoT‐based sensor nodes suffer from energy limitations. To resolve this, cluster‐based topology is adapted by the various researchers for rendering green energy‐efficient solution for communication of IoT devices. In this paper, the dynamic and energy‐efficient clustering for energy hole mitigation (DECEM) is proposed. The proposed framework is composed of the following proposed attributes; network is divided in two halves of regions, in each half, a gateway node (GN) is selected that collects data from their corresponding half region. Further, in each cluster, two cluster heads (CHs) are selected among whom one is made active at a moment (remains active until 60% of its energy is consumed) and other stays in sleep mode. First, the GN is selected in each side of the network (divided into two halves), and later, clustering is done, and selection of two CHs in each cluster is performed. The parameters for the selection of GN and CHs include residual energy, separation between the node and the sink, the number of neighbour nodes and network's residual energy. The simulation experiments reveal that DECEM has enhanced stability period by 5% and 31% as compared to the MEEC and IDHR protocols, respectively. The network lifetime is gigantically improved by 56% as compared to MEEC protocol.
Epidemiology of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest complicating non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: 18‐year US study
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Jentzer Jacob C. , Prasad Abhiram , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Kashani Kianoush , Shah Nilay D. , Dunlay Shannon M.
Published: April 2021

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the combination of cardiogenic shock (CS) and cardiac arrest (CA) complicating non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods and results

Adult (>18 years) NSTEMI admissions using the National Inpatient Sample database (2000 to 2017) were stratified by the presence of CA and/or CS. Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, early coronary angiography, hospitalization costs, and length of stay. Of the 7 302 447 hospitalizations due to NSTEMI, 147 795 (2.0%) had CS only, 155 522 (2.1%) had CA only, and 41 360 (0.6%) had both CS and CA. Compared with 2000, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for CS, CA, and both CS and CA in 2017 were 3.75 (3.58–3.92), 1.46 (1.42–1.50), and 4.52 (4.16–4.87), respectively (all P < 0.001). The CS + CA (61.2%) cohort had higher multiorgan failure than CS (42.3%) and CA only (32.0%) cohorts, P < 0.001. The CA only cohort had lower rates of overall (52% vs. 59–60%) and early (17% vs. 18–27%) angiography compared with the other groups (all P < 0.001). CS + CA admissions had higher in‐hospital mortality compared with those with CS alone (aOR 4.12 [95% CI 4.00–4.24]), CA alone (aOR 1.69 [95% CI 1.65–1.74]), or without CS/CA (aOR 22.66 [95% CI 22.06–23.27]). The presence of CS, either alone or with CA, was associated with higher hospitalization costs and longer hospital length of stay.

Conclusions

The combination of CS and CA is associated with higher rates of acute non‐cardiac organ failure and in‐hospital mortality in NSTEMI admissions as compared with those with either CS or CA alone.