bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das Berufs- und Privatleben von Rechtsanwälten
Authors: Kilian Matthias , Bertolino Camilla
Published: July 2022

Rechtsanwälte haben verbreitet den Ruf, viel und lange zu arbeiten, so dass ihnen wenig Zeit für das Privatleben und außerberufliche Aktivitäten bleibt. Mit dem zunehmenden Ausscheiden von Angehörigen der „Baby Boomer“-Generation aus dem Arbeitsleben und der immer größeren Zahl von sog, „Millenials“ und Angehörigen der „Generation Y“ in der Arbeitswelt, aber auch aufgrund eines geschlechtsspezifischen Wandels in traditionell männlich dominierten Berufsfeldern ist in vielen Teilen der Gesellschaft der Wunsch nach einer veränderten „Work-Life-Balance“ zu spüren. Die Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben wird daher auch für die Anwaltschaft zu einer zentralen Zukunftsherausforderung, ist doch seit 2017 die Zahl der niedergelassenen Rechtsanwälte rückläufig. Der Forschungsbericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse einer in mehreren europäischen Ländern durchgeführten Studie zum Berufs- und Privatleben von Rechtsanwältinnen und Rechtsanwälten. Sie gibt auf der Basis der Befragung von mehr als 1.600 Rechtsanwältinnen und Rechtsanwälten umfassende Informationen zu Inhalten und Rahmenbedingungen der anwaltlichen Berufstätigkeit, der privaten Lebenssituation der Berufsträger und der Vereinbarkeit von Berufs- und Privatleben. Ein Vergleich der Befunde mit den Ergebnissen der Studie aus Frankreich, Spanien, Belgien und Luxemburg erlaubt eine Einordnung in einen internationalen Kontext.
Demokratische Partizipation in der Jugendverbandsarbeit
Authors: Ahlrichs Rolf , Hoffmann Stefan
Published: July 2022

Due to their structural principles, youth associations are considered to have great potential for democratic education processes. They offer experiences of democracy as both a way of life and a form of governance. But what experiences do young people have in these self-proclaimed ‘workshops of democracy’? This qualitative study examines democratic participation in youth associations on the basis of interviews with young people involved in voluntary work in three youth associations in Baden-Württemberg.
Correlation Between the Theory of Mind and Pretend Play in 5 to 7-Year-Old Children with Autism and Their Typically Developed Peers
Authors: Zarei Marziyeh , Dabiri Golchin Minoo , Seyedi Mahdieh , Akbarzadeh Baghban Alireza , Daryabor Aliyeh , Mahmoudi Ebrahim , Mirzakhani Navid
Published: July 2022

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with 2 main symptoms of social and communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Pretend play and theory of mind (ToM) have an essential role in a child’s cognitive and social development. Objectives: In this study, different variables of pretend play with levels of ToM were examined in 2 groups of typical children and children with autism. Methods: In this case-control observational study, 45 typical children and 18 children with autism aged 5 to 7 years participated. For both groups, the ToM test was performed to measure the levels of ToM, and the child-initiated pretend play assessment (ChIPPA) was performed to analyze the pretend plays in both groups. Both tests were performed directly on children, and the scores were recorded by the examiner. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the total score of ToM and pretend play. In children with autism, there was no difference between the ToM scores regarding age (P > 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the levels of ToM, percentage of elaborate pretend actions (PEPA), and the number of object substitutions (NOS; P < 0.001). The scores of the ToM and pretend play levels of children with autism and typical children were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings, the ToM and pretend play levels were lower in ASD children than in typical children. In addition, children who had higher PEPA scores and better NOS had higher ToM scores.
Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Factors of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Obtained from Stool Samples of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Motallebi Mitra , Seyyedi Zahra Sadat , Azadchehr Mohammad Javad
Published: July 2022

Background: Enterococcus faecalis rapidly develops resistance to different antibiotics, thereby resulting in serious nosocomial infections associated with high mortality rates and different problems in the healthcare systems. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of E. faecalis isolates obtained from the stool samples of patients in a hospital in the center of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 108 stool samples were collected from September 2019 to February 2020 from 108 patients hospitalized in a hospital in the center of Iran. Enterococcus faecalis isolates were detected using the ddlE gene detection technique, and antimicrobial resistance testing was performed using the disc agar diffusion method. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. Genetic diversity was also analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus using PCR. The BioNumerics software was used to construct a dendrogram. Results: Of 108 isolates, 50 samples were E. faecalis (46.2%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance among E. faecalis isolates was 62%, and most isolates were resistant to antibiotics tetracycline (70%), erythromycin (68%), and rifampin (60%). Among the E. faecalis isolates, the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes were ermB (96%), aph (2′′) Ia (66%), aac(6′)-Ie (40%), and ermC (30%), and the most prevalent virulence genes were gelE (78%), asa1 (74%), and esp (74%). The genetic diversity analysis showed 25 ERIC types in two major clusters (ie, clusters H and J) and eight minor clusters (ie, clusters A-G and I). There was no significant difference between clusters H and J in terms of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes (P > 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of the asa1 gene was significantly higher in cluster J than in cluster H (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed the high prevalence of multidrug resistance, and high heterogeneity among the E. faecalis isolates obtained from the stool samples of hospitalized patients.
Comparative analysis of phenotypic variability of introduced land snail Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in two large Eastern European cities
Authors: Gural-Sverlova Nina , Kruglova Oksana
Published: July 2022

Variation in the shell colour and banding polymorphism of Cepaea nemoralis was recorded in 20 sites in Minsk, Belarus (a total of 3965 adults collected in 2014–2021). This variation was compared with that in 16 sites from Lviv, Western Ukraine (total 3235 adults collected in 2019–2021). Unlike in Lviv, a remarkable spatial differentiation of the phenotypic composition was found in Minsk. The samples collected in the north-eastern part of Minsk were characterized by a greater degree of phenotypic diversity and by higher frequencies of unbanded and brown shells. Samples from the southern and eastern parts of the city were generally lighter and characterised by high frequencies of shells with a single central band (mid-banded). Differences between the two parts of Minsk were greater than those between Minsk and Lviv. This may be related to the history of colonization of Minsk by C. nemoralis. The Lviv samples were, on average, darker, they contained less frequently mid-banded shells and more frequently unbanded shells, especially pink unbanded ones. The Fst values characterizing the level of phenotypic variability and calculated for Minsk and Lviv are quite high and comparable with those for other urban areas recently colonized by C. nemoralis.
Le style c'est l'homme même?
Authors: Kollár József , Kollár Dávid ,   DePaul University
Published: July 2022

In our article, we argue, following Nelson Goodman and Arthur Danto, that in contrast to the essentialist conception of authenticity, it is more fertile to consider authentic patterns not as the inner core of the person, but as a case of metaphorical exemplification. According to our approach, if we accept that authentic style is a metaphorical exemplification, then, based on Richard Rorty’s concepts of language and metaphor, style can be seen as an exaptation or reuse of symbols previously adapted through cultural selection to other specific functions. To support this approach, we proceed as follows. First, using Goodman’s and Danto’s model, we argue that authentic style can best be grasped through metaphorical exemplification. We then show that the metaphorical use of linguistic, pictorial, and other symbols is the result of exaptation. According to our results, the authentic style is the exaptation of symbols previously adapted to culturally selected functions. We then separate authenticity from creativity through the concepts of style and manner—borrowed from Danto—and we point out that whether a particular symbol is authentic or not is not affected by whether creative or mechanical mental processes are responsible for its creation. Finally, we examine the relationship between authenticity and autonomy, and we show that in an environment that promotes autonomous decisions and authentic style, agents that originally generated inauthentic symbols may be able to produce authentic ones.
Community Repair of Moral Damage from Domestic Violence
Authors: LaGuardia-LoBianco Alycia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2022

I argue that communities have a moral responsibility to repair and prevent moral damage that some survivors of domestic violence may experience. This responsibility is grounded in those communities’ complicity in domestic violence and the moral damage that may result. Drawing on Claudia Card’s work on domestic violence, I first explain two forms of moral damage that some survivors may experience. These are: 1) normative isolation, or abusive environments that are marked by distorted moral standards about the abuse itself, and 2) coerced self-betrayal, the coercive entrapment of the survivor’s agency, emotions, and beliefs to express the will of the abuser. Though the abuser is always the primary cause of abuse, I argue that survivors’ communities can contribute to a climate that facilitates domestic violence by, for instance, sustaining harmful norms about gender roles, shaming survivors, protecting abusers, and not wanting to interrupt “private matters.” When this complicity exists, I argue that communities have a moral responsibility to create structures that repair and prevent moral damage from domestic violence. Finally, I sketch out some practical considerations for building these structures. These involve creating violence-resistant communities that protect survivors, hold abusers accountable, and help survivors reclaim their agencies.
Dual stimuli-responsive hydrogels for colon targeted drug delivery.
Authors: Rabeh Mohmmad Imad , Wylie Matthew , McCoy Colin P
Published: July 2022

Colon targeted drug deliverysystems are promising for the treatment of local diseases. The colon possessesa diverse microbiome that secretes a number of biomolecules, such as enzymes,that can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. Here, we report the synthesisof 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid  copolymer hydrogels crosslinked with an enzyme-sensitivecrosslinking agent. The swelling and drug release properties of hydrogels were observedin pH 1.2, pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, and in the presence of rat cecal content. Swellingstudies revealed pH responsivity of the hydrogels while the release kinetics ofmetronidazole from hydrogels containing an enzyme-labile crosslinker were fasterin the presence of rat cecal content. The results show that dual responsive hydrogelscould provide a promising platform for colonic drug delivery
Potential Impact of Revised NCI Eligibility Criteria Guidance: Prior Malignancy Exclusion in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Perez Matthew , Murphy Caitlin C. , Pruitt Sandi L. , Rashdan Sawsan , Rahimi Asal , Gerber David E.
Published: July 2022

Background: Many individuals with cancer have survived a prior cancer and for this reason may have been excluded from clinical trials. Recent NCI guidance recommends including these individuals, especially when the risk of the prior malignancy interfering with either safety or efficacy endpoints is very low. Using breast cancer as an example, we determined the potential effect this policy change may have on clinical trial accrual. Patients and Methods: We reviewed protocols of NCI-sponsored breast cancer clinical trials activated in 1991 through 2016. We quantified prevalence of prior cancer-related exclusion criteria and assessed the association with trial characteristics using Fisher’s exact tests. Using SEER data, we estimated the prevalence and timing of prior primary (nonbreast) cancer diagnoses among patients with breast cancer. Results: Among 87 clinical trials (total target enrollment, 137,253 patients), 77% excluded individuals with prior cancer, most commonly (79%) within the preceding 5 years. Among trials with radiographic response or toxicity endpoints, 69% excluded prior cancer. In SEER data, the prevalence of a prior (nonbreast) cancer diagnosis ranged from 5.7% to 7.7%, depending on breast cancer stage, of which 39% occurred within 5 years of the incident breast cancer. For trials excluding prior cancer, the estimated proportion of patients excluded for this reason ranged from 1.3% to 5.8%, with the estimated number of excluded patients ranging from 1 to 288. Conclusions: More than three-fourths of NCI-sponsored breast cancer clinical trials exclude patients with prior cancer, including almost 70% of trials with response or toxicity endpoints. Given that >5% of patients with breast cancer have a history of prior cancer, in large phase III trials this practice may exclude hundreds of patients. Following recent NCI eligibility guidance, the inclusion of patients with prior cancer on breast cancer trials may have a meaningful impact on accrual.
Role of Radiation Therapy in Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Authors: Salerno Kilian E. , Baldini Elizabeth H.
Published: July 2022

Retroperitoneal sarcoma comprises a small subset of all soft tissue sarcoma and includes various histopathologic subtypes, each with unique patterns of behavior and differential risks for local recurrence and hematogenous metastatic spread. The primary treatment modality is surgery, although even with complete macroscopic resection, recurrence is common. The rationale for the addition of radiotherapy to resection is to improve local control; however, the use of radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma is controversial, and existing data are suboptimal to guide management. Treatment decisions should be determined with multidisciplinary input and shared decision-making. When used in selected patients, radiation therapy should be delivered preoperatively; postoperative treatment is not recommended.
Europæiske grænser (ud)foldet
Authors: Schimanski Johan
Published: July 2022

Many border-crossings take an extended form where it seems that travelers and mi- grants crossing a national border have not really crossed the border at all. It is as if they have taken the border with them and still exist in bubble-like extension of the territory they come from. They visit or live in another country, but are bordered off from their surroundings by the symbolic boundaries of culture and language, a border which can follow the topographical contours of a diasporic or touristic community or their own bodies. Or they live on these borders they have nominally crossed, in hybrid cultures and ambivalent spaces: they have both crossed and not crossed the border. In both cases, the external border has moved into the territory and become an internal border, either to the territory or the border-crosser’s self. The (il)logic of ext/internal borders may also apply to larger territories. But mul- tinational continental spaces pose their own challenges, since the folding of exter- nal territorial borders onto internal spaces through travel and migration overlays a space which is already divided into nations and, in the European case, the divides between “real Europes” and “other Europes”. The location of the outer border of Europe is unsure: It may only be an outer border in one conception of Europe, and at the same time be an inner European border in another conception of Europe. In this article, I use border poetics to analyze how memories of in/external borders on both national and continental scales are publicly negotiated in the novel Spaltkopf (2008) by Julya Rabinowich, a coming-of-age narrative whose protagonist migrates from Russia to Vienna as a child.
Drømmen om Europa
Authors: Axelsen Sofie
Published: July 2022

This article examines the ability of literature and art to uncover, reflect and differentiate important dimensions in the present-day refugee and migrant crisis in and around the Mediterranean. Through an interdisciplinary study, in which theories of comparative literature and the science of religion are used to gain insight into some of the anthropological and metaphysical complications of the border-crossing, the article concludes that the aesthetic flight narratives bring a multifaceted, nuanced contribution to the complicated migrant and refugee crisis.
157 ting, man ikke må gå glip af i ny dansk litteratur – mindst
Authors: Stounbjerg Per
Published: July 2022

Anmeldelse af: Anne-Marie Mai: Litteraturland. En GPS. Kbh.: Hans Reitzel 2022. 463 sider.
‘Advertelling’ o el anuncio que se vende a sí mismo
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Vizcaíno-Alcantud Pablo , Poveda Salvá Miguel
Published: July 2022

Si aceptamos que la publicidad se basa en la creatividad; la creatividad, en las ideas, y las ideas, en la resolución de problemas, estaríamos incurriendo en una sinécdoque conceptual, ya que no contemplaríamos el ciclo de vida completo de dichas ideas. Cómo se venden, ergo, cómo se compran y, a la postre, cómo se cuentan las ideas es un camino que parece haber trascendido desde la mesa de reuniones hacia espacios de encuentro de las marcas con sus públicos, en un creciente ejercicio narrativo, persuasivo y metapublicitario.
Elektroenerģijas un klimata politikas pasākumi. Zināmais nezināmajā
Authors: Rozentāle Līga
Published: July 2022

Promocijas darbā pētītas tās Latvijas elektroenerģijas politikas jomas, kas pašreizējā elektroenerģijas politikas ietvarā ir maz attīstītas vai aizmirstas, lai definētu iespējamos politikas uzlabojumus no klimata mērķu sasniegšanas perspektīvas skatpunkta, sniedzot priekšlikumus Nacionālā enerģētikas un klimata plāna pārskatam 2023. gadā. Promocijas darbā veikta visaptveroša un sistemātiska konkrētu elektroenerģijas politikas pasākumu analīze, izmantojot vairāku metodiku tvērumu, kas noslēgumā apvienota, izmantojot teorijā balstītās pieejas metodi, lai kopējā rezultātā integrētu visas elektroenerģijas politikas pasākumu pētījuma daļas.
RF Powering of Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Nodes
Authors: Eidaks Jānis
Published: July 2022

The Thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of RF powering of autonomous wireless sensor network nodes. The impact of powering signal properties on the RF-DC conversion efficiency and wireless power transfer performance is investigated. The impact of average input power level, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) level, different modulation types, spectral properties of signals, numbers of sub-carriers, and bandwidth are examined. The most popular RF-DC converter topologies and off-the-shelf solutions in the sub-GHz frequency range have been studied in detail.
Bounded Rationality
Authors: Dhami Sanjit , Sunstein Cass R.
Published: July 2022

Two leaders in the field explore the foundations of bounded rationality and its effects on choices by individuals, firms, and the government. Bounded rationality recognizes that human behavior departs from the perfect rationality assumed by neoclassical economics. In this book, Sanjit Dhami and Cass R. Sunstein explore the foundations of bounded rationality and consider the implications of this approach for public policy and law, in particular for questions about choice, welfare, and freedom. The authors, both recognized as experts in the field, cover a wide range of empirical findings and assess theoretical work that attempts to explain those findings. Their presentation is comprehensive, coherent, and lucid, with even the most technical material explained accessibly. They not only offer observations and commentary on the existing literature but also explore new insights, ideas, and connections.

After examining the traditional neoclassical framework, which they refer to as the Bayesian rationality approach (BRA), and its empirical issues, Dhami and Sunstein offer a detailed account of bounded rationality and how it can be incorporated into the social and behavioral sciences. They also discuss a set of models of heuristics-based choice and the philosophical foundations of behavioral economics. Finally, they examine libertarian paternalism and its strategies of “nudges.”
Intracerebral mechanisms explaining the impact of incidental feedback on mood state and risky choice
Authors: Cecchi Romane , Vinckier Fabien , Hammer Jiri , Marusic Petr , Nica Anca , Rheims Sylvain , Trebuchon Agnès , Barbeau Emmanuel J , Denuelle Marie , Maillard Louis , Minotti Lorella , Kahane Philippe , Pessiglione Mathias , Bastin Julien
Published: July 2022

Identifying factors whose fluctuations are associated with choice inconsistency is a major issue for rational decision theory. Here, we investigated the neuro-computational mechanisms through which mood fluctuations may bias human choice behavior. Intracerebral EEG data were collected in a large group of subjects (n=30) while they were performing interleaved quiz and choice tasks that were designed to examine how a series of unrelated feedbacks affect decisions between safe and risky options. Neural baseline activity preceding choice onset was confronted first to mood level, estimated by a computational model integrating the feedbacks received in the quiz task, and then to the weighting of option attributes, in a computational model predicting risk attitude in the choice task. Results showed that (1) elevated broadband gamma activity (BGA) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior insula (daIns) was respectively signaling periods of high and low mood, (2) increased vmPFC and daIns BGA respectively promoted and tempered risk taking by overweighting gain vs. loss prospects. Thus, incidental feedbacks induce brain states that correspond to different moods and bias the evaluation of risky options. More generally, these findings might explain why people experiencing positive (or negative) outcome in some part of their life tend to expect success (or failure) in any other.
HIF-1α induces glycolytic reprograming in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages to promote cell survival during acute lung injury
Authors: Woods Parker S , Kimmig Lucas M , Sun Kaitlyn A , Meliton Angelo Y , Shamaa Obada R , Tian Yufeng , Cetin-Atalay Rengül , Sharp Willard W , Hamanaka Robert B , Mutlu Gökhan M
Published: July 2022

Cellular metabolism is a critical regulator of macrophage effector function. Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) inhabit a unique niche marked by high oxygen and low glucose. We have recently shown that in contrast to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), TR-AMs do not utilize glycolysis and instead predominantly rely on mitochondrial function for their effector response. It is not known how changes in local oxygen concentration that occur during conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) might affect TR-AM metabolism and function; however, ARDS is associated with progressive loss of TR-AMs, which correlates with the severity of disease and mortality. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia robustly stabilizes HIF-1α in TR-AMs to promote a glycolytic phenotype. Hypoxia altered TR-AM metabolite signatures, cytokine production, and decreased their sensitivity to the inhibition of mitochondrial function. By contrast, hypoxia had minimal effects on BMDM metabolism. The effects of hypoxia on TR-AMs were mimicked by FG-4592, a HIF-1α stabilizer. Treatment with FG-4592 decreased TR-AM death and attenuated acute lung injury in mice. These findings reveal the importance of microenvironment in determining macrophage metabolic phenotype and highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting cellular metabolism to improve outcomes in diseases characterized by acute inflammation.
Caracterización molecular de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal
Authors: Afanador Carlos Humberto , Palacio Katherine Andrea , Isaza Luis Fernando , Ahumada Enoc , Ocampo Carlos Mauricio , Muñetón Carlos Mario
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal tiene una alta incidencia en la población mundial. Diversas vías moleculares están involucradas en su desarrollo, entre ellas, la inestabilidad cromosómica, la inestabilidad microsatelital y la epigenética.Objetivo. Hacer la caracterización molecular de 44 individuos con cáncer colorrectal esporádico.Materiales y métodos. El análisis de mutaciones en los genes APC, KRAS, TP53 y BRAF se hizo mediante secuenciación de Sanger; la inestabilidad microsatelital se determinó mediante electroforesis capilar utilizando cinco marcadores de repetición corta en tándem (Short Tandem Repeat) y el estado de metilación del promotor del gen MLH1 se hizo con la técnica MS-PCR (Methylation-Specific PCR).Resultados. La frecuencia de mutación de los genes APC, KRAS y TP53 fue del 18,1, 25 y 4,5 %, respectivamente; las mutaciones detectadas se localizaron con mayor frecuencia en el colon derecho. La frecuencia de inestabilidad microsatelital fue del 27,2 % y el 73,1 % en los tumores con metilación en el gen MHL1, y el 91,6 % de los tumores con inestabilidad microsatelital presentaba metilación en el gen MLH1. En el grupo de tumores con estabilidad microsatelital, las mutaciones en los genes APC, KRAS y TP53 fueron más frecuentes que en el grupo de tumores con inestabilidad microsatelital. La metilación del gen MLH1 fue la alteración más predominante.Conclusiones. En los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal evaluados se demostró la presencia de alteraciones moleculares en las diferentes vías genéticas, las cuales son comunes en su carcinogénesis. Los pacientes presentaron un perfil de mutaciones diferente al de otras poblaciones. Los hallazgos obtenidos en este estudio confirman la heterogeneidad molecular descrita en el desarrollo del cáncer colorrectal.
Malaria importada en población pediátrica de Alicante, España (1994-2019)
Authors: Pascua-Santamaría Ana Elena , Torrús-Tendero Diego , Mira-Perceval Gema , García-Galán Paloma , Ramos-Rincón José Manuel
Published: July 2022

Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado la malaria importada en niños, en quienes la enfermedad es potencialmente grave y mortal.Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con diagnóstico de conmalaria en Alicante, España, en los últimos años.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de los casos de malaria en menores de 15 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante desde 1994 hasta 2019.Resultados. Se registraron 24 casos. El número de casos pasó de dos en el primer quinquenio a 11 en el último. La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 3 a 8). El 91,6 % procedía de África subsahariana. Los niños nacidos en España de padres inmigrantes que viajan a una zona endémica para visitar a familiares y amigos (Visiting Friends and Relatives) representaron el 62,5 % (n=15) y solo consta que recibiera quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica un paciente (6,7 %). Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron fiebre (86,9 %), hepatoesplenomegalia (70,8 %) y anemia (70,8 %). Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente identificada (83,3 %; n=20). El tratamiento más empleado fue la combinación de dihidroartemisina y piperaquina por vía oral (41,6 %, n=10), con evolución favorable en todos los casos.Conclusiones. Los casos de paludismo infantil importado están aumentando en los últimos años. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas en estos niños, por lo que es importante que los profesionales conozcan la enfermedad y tengan un alto índice de sospecha para iniciar el tratamiento precoz. Además, deben tomarse las medidas preventivas adecuadas antes de un viaje.
Red propolis reduces inflammation in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats
Authors: De Oliveira Ramos Melo Nayanna , De Sousa Peres Júnior Hélio , Araujo Diniz Clara , De Sousa Silva Matheus , Gomes de Lemos Telma Leda , Fechine Jamacaru Francisco Vagnaldo , Dornelas Conceição Aparecida
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used to treat malignant neoplasias and control autoimmune diseases. Still, one of its metabolites, acrolein, is toxic to the urothelium and can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis and severe discomfort.Objective. To evaluate the ability of red propolis to prevent and treat CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.Materials and methods. Red propolis was extracted in 1% gum arabic and administered subcutaneously (sc). In the first experiment, groups IA, IIA, and IIIA and groups IB, IIB, and IIIB received water, gum arabic (GA), or propolis, respectively, for 30 days. Then water (controls) or CP (treatment) was administered i.p. In the second experiment, groups IVA, VA, and VIA received water i.p. while groups IVB, VB, and VIB received CP i.p. This was followed by 5 injections at 2-hour intervals with either water, GA, or propolis. Bladder tissue was examined according to Gray’s criteria.Results. The total inflammatory histology score was significantly smaller in group VIB (11.33 ± 2.07). Mild inflammation predominated in group VIB while most of the animals in group IVB had severe inflammation (p=0.0375). Ulcers were predominantly multiple in Groups IVA and VB but rare or absent in Group VIB (p=0.0118). Urothelial cells were mostly absent in groups IVB and VB and present/normal in group VIB (p=0.0052). Fibrin was abundant in groups IVB and VA but mostly absent in group VIB (p=0.0273).Conclusions. Red propolis can reduce inflammation in CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats.
Built environment interventions and physical activity levels: A systematic review
Authors: Barradas Susana , Lucumí Diego , Guzmán-Tordecilla Deivis Nicolás , Young Jeremy , Pinzón Diana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and physical activity is a key preventive strategy to reduce them. There is a relationship between the built environment and the practice of physical activity, but little evidence as to whether those built environment interventions not initially designed for promoting physical activity actually have an impact on promoting the behavior.Objective: To identify whether such built environment interventions were able to change physical activity in adults.Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of interventions targeting modifications to the built environment changes in urban areas.Results: Out of 5,605 articles reviewed, only seven met our inclusion criteria. The seven studies found higher levels of physical activity after the interventions.Conclusions: We recommend greater specificity regarding the study design, the timeline of interventions implementation and post-intervention measurements, as well as the use of more objective measures. Finally, we point out the need to make more explicit the mechanisms of change related to the interventions assessed.
Manifestaciones mucocutáneas y su relación con el recuento de linfocitos T CD4 en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana hospitalizados en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Sanín Ana María , Londoño Ángela María , Gil Verónica , Mejía Ana María , Aguirre Hernán Darío , Vásquez Elsa María , Valencia Catalina , Cardona Carolina
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Entre el 80 y el 95 % de los pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) desarrollan manifestaciones en la piel que sirven como marcadores de su estado inmunológico.Objetivos. Describir las manifestaciones dermatológicas y los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de HIV y su correlación con el recuento de linfocitos T CD4.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional de corte transversal y retrospectivo a partir del registro de las historias clínicas de 227 pacientes mayores de edad con diagnóstico de HIV, evaluados por dermatología en un hospital de Medellín, Colombia.Resultados. Los 227 registros daban cuenta de 433 manifestaciones dermatológicas, el 64,4 % de ellas infecciosas. Las tres manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron candidiasis oral, condilomas acuminados y reacciones a medicamentos. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el virus del herpes zóster (HZ) diseminado y la sífilis secundaria, con un recuento de CD4 entre 200 y 499 células/mm3 (p=0,04 y 0,028, respectivamente), y entre la candidiasis oral y un recuento de CD4 menor de 100 células/mm3 (p=0,008). Conclusiones. La relación entre el herpes zóster diseminado y un recuento de CD4 entre 200 y 499 células/mm3 sugiere que, a pesar de los recuentos altos, se pueden presentar formas graves de la enfermedad debido a una posible disfunción de las células T y el agotamiento del sistema inmunológico. La relación entre la candidiasis oral y un recuento de CD4 menor de 100 células/mm3 plantea la posibilidad de considerar esta infección micótica como un marcador importante de debilitamiento inmunológico de los pacientes con HIV.
Criptococosis diseminada por terapia biológica, se debe gestionar el riesgo
Authors: Sánchez Efraín Guillermo , Acosta David , Álvarez Juan , Sánchez Gabriela , García-Casallas Julio
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Se han descrito múltiples efectos adversos con el uso de la terapia biológica para enfermedades autoinmunitarias, muchos de ellos secundarios al estado de inmunosupresión, como las infecciones bacterianas, fúngicas o virales.Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 64 años con diagnóstico comprobado de criptococosis diseminada secundaria al uso de tofacitinib. Se descartaron otras causas de inmunosupresión, como infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV). Tres años antes se le había diagnosticado artritis reumatoide y se encontraba en tratamiento farmacológico con un agente biológico que inhibe las enzimas JAK. Se han descrito muy pocos casos de criptococosis pulmonar y meníngea en este tipo de pacientes. Conclusión. Este reporte de caso es útil para que otros médicos tratantes tengan presente la posibilidad de este tipo de infección fúngica invasora asociada con la terapia biológica y el enfoque de gestión de riesgo.
Hipertiroidismo en niños y adolescentes: experiencia en un hospital universitario en Colombia
Authors: García Judith Sofía , Sarmiento María Paula , Bello Jesús David , Zuluaga Nora Alejandra , Forero Adriana Carolina , Niño Laura Fernanda
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El hipertiroidismo es una condición heterogénea caracterizada por la producción excesiva de hormonas tiroideas. Su aparición en la edad pediátrica representa un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas, así como la evolución y las diferencias entre las principales causas etiológicas de los pacientes con hipertiroidismo atendidos por el Servicio de Endocrinología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación en Medellín, Colombia, entre el 1° de julio de 2015 y el 30 de junio de 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional transversal con recolección retrospectiva de la información.Resultados. Se incluyeron 54 pacientes con una edad media de 11,9 años, 72,2 % de ellos mujeres. El 11,1 % tenía antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de Graves y 29,6 % de otras enfermedades tiroideas. El bocio fue la manifestación clínica más frecuente (83,3 %). El 92,6 % había recibido terapia con metimazol, el 79,6 % requirió betabloqueador y el 11,2 % necesitó una terapia farmacológica adicional. Se presentaron reacciones adversas a la medicación en el 16,7 %. En el 20,4 % de los pacientes hubo resolución del hipertiroidismo (espontánea: 9,3 %; posterior a la ablación con yodo radiactivo: 9,3 %, y después de la cirugía: 1,9 %).Conclusión. El hipertiroidismo es una enfermedad con manifestaciones clínicas diversas. La causa más frecuente es la enfermedad de Graves, seguida por la hashitoxicosis. En este estudio, la hashitoxicosis fue más frecuente que en estudios previos. La duración y los efectos secundarios del tratamiento farmacológico fueron similares a los reportados previamente, pero es de resaltar la mayor frecuencia de agranulocitosis en nuestra población.
Reactivación de la enfermedad de Chagas después de trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rojas Juan David , Pereira Mario , Martínez Bibiana , Gómez Julio César , Cuervo Sonia Isabel
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es una parasitosis endémica en Latinoamérica transmitida por triatominos. Está asociada a factores de riesgo como la pobreza y la ruralidad. Después de la infección aguda, un tercio de los pacientes presenta compromiso del corazón, el aparato digestivo o el sistema nervioso central, en tanto que los dos tercios restantes no presentan este tipo de compromiso secundario. La inmunosupresión farmacológica rompe el equilibrio entre el sistema inmunitario y el parásito, lo cual favorece su reactivación.Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 58 años procedente de un área rural colombiana, con diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple resistente a los fármacos de primera línea de tratamiento, que requirió un nuevo esquema de quimioterapia y consolidación con trasplante autólogo de células madre.Después del trasplante, presentó neutropenia febril. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos. En el frotis de sangre periférica, se demostraron tripomastigotes y se diagnosticó enfermedad de Chagas aguda posterior al trasplante. Se inició el tratamiento con benznidazol. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria.Conclusiones. La serología positiva para Chagas previa a un trasplante obliga a descartar la reactivación de la enfermedad en caso de neutropenia febril. Se requieren más estudios para determinar las herramientas que permitan estimar la probabilidad de reactivación de la enfermedad y decidir sobre la mejor opción de relación entre costo, riesgo y beneficio de la terapia profiláctica.
Changes in the core species of the ant-plant network of oak forest converted to grassland: replacement of its ant functional groups
Authors: Cuautle Mariana , Díaz-Castelazo Cecilia , Castillo-Guevara Citlalli , Torres Lagunes Carolina Guadalupe
Published: July 2022

Land-use change in terrestrial environments is one of the main threats to biodiversity. The study of ant-plant networks has increased our knowledge of the diversity of interactions and structure of these communities; however, little is known about how land-use change affects ant-plant networks. Here we determine whether the change in land use, from native oak forest to induced grassland, affected the network properties of ant-plant networks in a temperate forest in Mexico. We hypothesize that the disturbed vegetation will be more nested and generalized due to the addition of generalist species to the network. The oak forest network comprises 47 plant species and 11 ant species, while the induced grassland network has 35 and 13, respectively. Floral nectar was the resource used most intensely by the ants in both vegetation types. The ant-plant network of the induced grassland was significantly more nested and generalist than that of the oak forest; however, none of the networks were nested when considering the frequency of interaction. In both vegetation types, the ants were more specialized than the plants, and niche overlap was low. This could be related to the dominant species present in each type of vegetation: Prenolepis imparis in the oak forest and Camponotus rubrithorax in the grassland. The central core of cold climate ant species in the oak forest was replaced by a central core of subordinate Camponotini and tropical specialists in the induced grassland. These results suggest that the increase in nestedness and generalization in the grassland may be related to the loss of the cold climate specialists from the core of the oak forest network. Our findings provide evidence that land-use change increases the level of generalization in the ant-plant interaction networks of temperate forests.
Insights into mobile genetic elements and the role of conjugative plasmid in transferring aminoglycoside resistance in extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AB329
Authors: Khongfak Supat , Thummeepak Rapee , Leungtongkam Udomluk , Tasanapak Kannipa , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Sitthisak Sutthirat
Published: July 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infection, and the incidence of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) infections has dramatically increased worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore the complete genome sequence of XDRAB 329, ST1166/98 (Oxford/Pasteur), which is an outbreak clone from a hospital in Thailand. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using short-read Illumina and long-read PacBio sequencing, and a conjugation assay of its plasmid was performed. The complete genome sequence of A. baumannii AB329 revealed a circular chromosome 3,948,038 bp in length with 39% GC content. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including beta-lactam resistance (blaOXA-51, blaADC-25, blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1D), aminoglycoside resistance (aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA), tetracycline resistance (tet(B), tet (R)), macrolide resistance (mph(E), msr(E)), and efflux pumps, were found. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) analysis of A. baumannii AB329 revealed two plasmids (pAB329a and pAB329b), three prophages, 19 genomic islands (GIs), and 33 insertion sequences (ISs). pAB329a is a small circular plasmid of 8,731 bp, and pAB329b is a megaplasmid of 82,120 bp. aph(3′)-VIa was detected in pAB329b, and a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter was detected in the prophage. Acinetobacter baumannii resistance island 4 (AbaR4) harboring tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance was detected in the genome of A. baumannii AB329. pAB329b, which belongs to Rep-type GR6 (plasmid lineage LN_1), is a conjugative plasmid with the ability to transfer an aminoglycoside resistance gene to sodium azide-resistant A. baumannii. This study provides insights into the features of the MGEs of XDRAB, which are the main reservoir and source of dissemination of ARGs.
JMJD3 suppresses tumor progression in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving surgical resection
Authors: Chen Yen-Hao , Chen Chang-Han , Chien Chih-Yen , Su Yan-Ye , Luo Sheng-Dean , Li Shau-Hsuan
Published: July 2022

Background

Jumonji domain-containing-3 (JMJD3) is reported to be a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase and a tumor suppressor gene. The present study designed to investigate the crucial role of JMJD3 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patients who received surgical resection.

Methods

We enrolled a total of 156 OTSCC patients receiving surgical resection, including 73 patients (47%) with high expression of JMJD3 and 83 patients (53%) harboring low expression of JMJD3. Two OTSCC cell lines, SAS and Cal 27, were used to explore the modulation of cancer. GSK-J4, a potent inhibitor of JMJD3, was used to treat the two OTSCC cell lines. The Chi-square test was performed to examine between-group differences in categorical variables; the Kaplan–Meier method was used to investigate survival outcome in univariate analysis, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results

The median follow-up period was 59.2 months and he five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 46.2% and 50.0%, respectively. Better five-year DFS (59% versus 35%) and five-year OS (63% versus 39%) were mentioned in patients with high expression of JMJD3 compared to those with low expression of JMJD3. High expression of JMJD3 was significantly associated with superior DFS and OS in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Following successful inhibition of JMJD3 by GSK-J4, western blotting analysis showed the decreased expression of Rb and p21.

Conclusion

Our study showed that high expression of JMJD3 is a good prognostic factor in OTSCC patients who underwent surgical resection.
Magda Sepúlveda, editora. Chile urbano: la ciudad en la literatura y el cine (Santiago: Cuarto Propio, 2013)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Salinas Francisco Simon
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
La crítica cultural en el siglo XXI. A propósito de Crítica y política, de Nelly Richard
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Rodríguez Freire Raúl
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Revista de Crítica Cultural y el trabajo de Nelly Richard. Estéticas transdisciplinarias y escenas de escritura
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales, Silva Contreras Macarena
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
En el rumor inaudible de la noche. Pedro Lastra: Al fin del día 1958-2013. Poesía completa. Edición y prólogo de Francisco José Cruz (Sevilla: Biblioteca Sibila, 2013)
Authors:   University of Wisconsin (Estados Unidos), Pellegrini Marcelo
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
La crítica como fijación del sentido. Thayer, Willy. Tecnologías de la Crítica. Entre Walter Benjamin y Gilles Deleuze. Santiago de Chile: ediciones/ metales pesados. 2010, 270 p.
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Brower B. Jorge
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Introducción: V de vulgaridad
Authors:   Princeton University (Estados Unidos), Guerrero Javier
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
La elección de un género. Presentación de El diario íntimo en Chile, de Leonidas Morales. Santiago de Chile: RIL Editores, 2014
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Amaro Lorena
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Reseña de Marina Alvarado. Teresa Wilms Montt. Estrategias textuales y conflicto de época. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2015
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Nómez Naín
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Sangre falsa. Presentación de Feminicidio en Chile: una realidad ficcionada, de Ainhoa Vázquez Mejías. Santiago: Cuarto Propio, 2016. Barra lateral del artículo
Authors: Fernández Nona
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
Literatura bajo sospechas
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rodríguez Ferrer Rocío
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen
“Ya nos ha entrado demasiada sangre a los ojos”. Entrevista a Alejandro Almazán
Authors: Santos López Danilo , Vásquez Mejías Ainhoa , Urgelles Latorre Ingrid
Published: July 2022

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La Tempestad, de Ernest Renan y José Enrique Rodó. Prólogo de Luciano Guiñazú; traducción de Virginia García. Buenos Aires: Caterva, 2017
Authors:   Universidad Andrés Bello, Cáceres Riquelme Jorge
Published: July 2022

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Las máscaras de “la Mistral”. Sobre Artesana de sí misma. Gabriela Mistral, una intelectual en cuerpo y palabra, de Claudia Cabello Hutt. Indiana: Purdue University Press, 2018
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, González Dinamarca Rodrigo
Published: July 2022

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Prólogo dossier de homenaje a Gwen Kirkpatrick: el legado de la poesía chilena y latinoamericana
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Miranda H. Paula
Published: July 2022

No presenta resumen