bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing illness severity is associated with global myocardial dysfunction in the first 24 hours of sepsis admission
Authors: Ehrman Robert R. , Bredell Bryce X. , Harrison Nicholas E. , Favot Mark J. , Haber Brian D. , Welch Robert D. , Levy Philip D. , Sherwin Robert L.
Published: July 2022

Background

Septic cardiomyopathy was recognized more than 30 years ago, but the early phase remains uncharacterized as no existing studies captured patients at the time of Emergency Department (ED) presentation, prior to resuscitation. Therapeutic interventions alter cardiac function, thereby distorting the relationship with disease severity and outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of illness severity on cardiac function during the first 24 h of sepsis admission.

Methods

This was a pre-planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of adults presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis (treatment for infection plus either lactate > 2 mmol/liter or systolic blood pressure < 90 mm/Hg) who received < 1L IV fluid before enrollment. Patients had 3 echocardiograms performed (presentation, 3, and 24 h). The primary outcome was the effect of increasing sepsis illness severity, defined by ED Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, on parameters of cardiac function, assessed using linear mixed-effects models. The secondary goal was to determine whether cardiac function differed between survivors and non-survivors, also using mixed-effects models.

Results

We enrolled 73 patients with a mean age of 60 (SD 16.1) years and in-hospital mortality of 23%. For the primary analysis, we found that increasing ED SOFA score was associated with worse cardiac function over the first 24 h across all assessed parameters of left-ventricular systolic and diastolic function as well as right-ventricular systolic function. While baseline strain and E/e' were better in survivors, in the mixed models analysis, the trajectory of Global Longitudinal Strain and septal E/e′ over the first 24 h of illness differed between survivors and non-survivors, with improved function at 24 h in non-survivors.

Conclusions

In the first study to capture patients prior to the initiation of resuscitation, we found a direct relationship between sepsis severity and global myocardial dysfunction. Future studies are needed to confirm these results, to identify myocardial depressants, and to investigate the link with adverse outcomes so that therapeutic interventions can be developed.
Ethnic minority experiences of mental health services in the Netherlands: an exploratory study
Authors: Ilozumba Onaedo , Koster Tirsah S , Syurina Elena V , Ebuenyi Ikenna
Published: July 2022

Objective

Despite considerable spending on mental health in the Netherlands, access to mental health remains suboptimal, particularly for migrants and ethnic minorities. Addressing the growing mental health service needs requires an understanding of the experiences of all stakeholders, specifically minority populations. In this exploratory study, we sought to understand the perspectives and experience of mental health services by migrants and their provider. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 10 participants, five of whom were mental health service providers and the other five were clients who had utilized or currently utilized MHS in the Netherlands.

Results

We identified three themes that explained the experiences of clients and providers of MHS in the Netherlands (i) Perceptions of mental health service utilization (ii) Mismatch between providers (iii) Availability of services. The most significant factor that influenced participants experience was a service provider of a different cultural background. Minority populations accessing mental health services have multiple needs, including an expressed need for cultural understanding. Their experiences of mental health services could be improved for minority populations by addressing the diversity of health providers.
Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by persistent trigeminal artery associated with craniosynostosis: a case report
Authors: Sun Tao , Huang Qinghao , Li Chuangfeng , Wang Wentao , He Longshuang , Liu Jinlong , Yang Chao
Published: July 2022

Background

Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare arterial anastomosis between the basilar artery (BA) and internal carotid artery (ICA). It plays an indispensable role in a number of neurological disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Case presentation

We report a unique case of a 58-year-old Han female patient with TN caused by PTA associated with craniosynostosis. Preoperative three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) and 3D constructive inference in steady state (3D-CISS) imaging showed that the PTA run though Meckel’s cave. Complete pain relief was immediately achieved after microvascular decompression (MVD), without facial numbness and other complications. No recurrence was recorded at the 1-year follow up.

Conclusions

Microvascular decompression is a feasible option for the treatment of complex TN combined with other abnormalities. For patients deemed suitable for percutaneous balloon compression, PTA should be ruled out. Preoperative 3D-TOF and 3D-CISS MR imaging were essential to identify PTA neurovascular conflicts.
Neonatal cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening complication secondary to peripherally inserted central catheter: a case report
Authors: Zarkesh Mohammad Reza , Haghjoo Mokaram
Published: July 2022

Background

Although the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) has many advantages for the treatment of neonates, catheter malposition may result in serious complications that could be life-threatening. We report the case of a 10-day-old neonate with cardiac tamponade secondary to a PICC line who was successfully treated by pericardiocentesis.

Case presentation

An Iranian (Asian) preterm male neonate was born by Cesarean section with a birth weight of 1190 g and a first-minute Apgar score of 7. Based on an increased respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) score from 4 to 7, resuscitation measures and intubation were performed at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). On day 3 after birth, a PICC line was inserted for parenteral therapy. A chest X-ray confirmed that the tip of the PICC line was in the appropriate position. Mechanical ventilation was discontinued 72 h post-NICU admission because of the improved respiratory condition. On the day 10 post-NICU admission, he suddenly developed hypotonia, apnea, hypoxia, hypotension, and bradycardia. Resuscitation and ventilation support were immediately started, and inotropic drugs were also given. Emergency echocardiography showed a severe pericardial effusion with tamponade. The PICC line was removed, and urgent pericardiocentesis was carried out. The respiratory situation gradually improved, the O2 saturation increased to 95%, and vital signs remained stable.

Conclusions

Dramatic improvement of the neonate's clinical responses after pericardial drainage and PICC removal were suggestive of PICC displacement, pericardial perforation, and cardiac tamponade.
Confidence bands and hypothesis tests for hit enrichment curves
Authors: Ash Jeremy R , Hughes-Oliver Jacqueline M
Published: July 2022

In virtual screening for drug discovery, hit enrichment curves are widely used to assess the performance of ranking algorithms with regard to their ability to identify early enrichment. Unfortunately, researchers almost never consider the uncertainty associated with estimating such curves before declaring differences between performance of competing algorithms. Uncertainty is often large because the testing fractions of interest to researchers are small. Appropriate inference is complicated by two sources of correlation that are often overlooked: correlation across different testing fractions within a single algorithm, and correlation between competing algorithms. Additionally, researchers are often interested in making comparisons along the entire curve, not only at a few testing fractions. We develop inferential procedures to address both the needs of those interested in a few testing fractions, as well as those interested in the entire curve. For the former, four hypothesis testing and (pointwise) confidence intervals are investigated, and a newly developed EmProc approach is found to be most effective. For inference along entire curves, EmProc-based confidence bands are recommended for simultaneous coverage and minimal width. While we focus on the hit enrichment curve, this work is also appropriate for lift curves that are used throughout the machine learning community. Our inferential procedures trivially extend to enrichment factors, as well.
Volterra integration operators from Hardy-type tent spaces to Hardy spaces
Authors: Hu Rong , Qin Chuan , Zhou Lv
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we completely characterize the boundedness and compactness of the Volterra integration operators $J_{g}$

J
g

acting from the Hardy-type tent spaces

HT

q
,
α

p

(

B
n

)
to the Hardy spaces

H
t

(

B
n

)
in the unit ball of

C
n

for all $0< p,q,t<\infty $
0
<
p
,
q
,
t
<
∞
and $\alpha >-n-1$
α
>
−
n
−
1
. The duality and factorization techniques for tent spaces of sequences play an important role in the proof of the main results.
Community structure of coral microbiomes is dependent on host morphology
Authors: Morrow Kathleen M. , Pankey M. Sabrina , Lesser Michael P.
Published: July 2022

Background

The importance of symbiosis has long been recognized on coral reefs, where the photosynthetic dinoflagellates of corals (Symbiodiniaceae) are the primary symbiont. Numerous studies have now shown that a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes also make-up part of the microbiome of corals. A subset of these prokaryotes is capable of fixing nitrogen, known as diazotrophs, and is also present in the microbiome of scleractinian corals where they have been shown to supplement the holobiont nitrogen budget. Here, an analysis of the microbiomes of 16 coral species collected from Australia, Curaçao, and Hawai’i using three different marker genes (16S rRNA, nifH, and ITS2) is presented. These data were used to examine the effects of biogeography, coral traits, and ecological life history characteristics on the composition and diversity of the microbiome in corals and their diazotrophic communities.

Results

The prokaryotic microbiome community composition (i.e., beta diversity) based on the 16S rRNA gene varied between sites and ecological life history characteristics, but coral morphology was the most significant factor affecting the microbiome of the corals studied. For 15 of the corals studied, only two species Pocillopora acuta and Seriotopora hystrix, both brooders, showed a weak relationship between the 16S rRNA gene community structure and the diazotrophic members of the microbiome using the nifH marker gene, suggesting that many corals support a microbiome with diazotrophic capabilities. The order Rhizobiales, a taxon that contains primarily diazotrophs, are common members of the coral microbiome and were eight times greater in relative abundances in Hawai’i compared to corals from either Curacao or Australia. However, for the diazotrophic component of the coral microbiome, only host species significantly influenced the composition and diversity of the community.

Conclusions

The roles and interactions between members of the coral holobiont are still not well understood, especially critical functions provided by the coral microbiome (e.g., nitrogen fixation), and the variation of these functions across species. The findings presented here show the significant effect of morphology, a coral “super trait,” on the overall community structure of the microbiome in corals and that there is a strong association of the diazotrophic community within the microbiome of corals. However, the underlying coral traits linking the effects of host species on diazotrophic communities remain unknown.
Bilateral reconstruction of the mandibular body with symphyseal preservation using a single fibula free flap: Operative technique
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Favero Vittorio , Chiarini Luigi , Nocini Pier Francesco
Published: July 2022

Background

Mandibular osteonecrosis may occur in 5% of the patients who undergo radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck malignancies. Resection and microvascular reconstruction is the treatment of choice in complicated osteoradionecrosis, however multifocal presentation may complicate the management of the disease given the poor quality and limited availability of adequate recipient vessels.

Operative technique

A 74-year-old man affected by multifocal severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandible underwent bilateral resection of the mandibular bodies while preserving the symphysis. The defects were reconstructed with a single fibula flap composed by two bony segments connected by a central segment, corresponding to the symphyseal region, in which the bone was dissected and removed. The anastomosis was performed on a single side of the neck. Healing was uneventful and the adopted technique allowed for a quick functional and esthetic recovery.

Conclusion

The presented technique provided a safe and efficacious, although technically challenging, solution in a case presenting multifocal osteonecrosis of the jaw. The morbidity of the procedure was limited because the tissue resection and reconstruction processes were minimized.

Graphical abstract
Outcome prediction for hypothermic patients in cardiac arrest
Authors: Pasquier Mathieu , Hugli Olivier , Hall Nicolas , Rousson Valentin , Darocha Tomasz
Published: July 2022

The 5A score predicts in-hospital mortality of patients suffering from accidental hypothermia, including those not in cardiac arrest. The HOPE score was specifically developed to predict survival for the subgroup of hypothermic patients in cardiac considered for extracorporeal life support rewarming. The C-statistic in the external validation study of the HOPE score was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.753–0.897), confirming its excellent discrimination. In addition, its good calibration allows for a reliable interpretation of the corresponding survival probability after rewarming. The HOPE score should be used for predicting outcome and selecting hypothermic patients in cardiac arrest for rewarming.
Translocal vulnerability of temporary rural–rural labor migrant-sending households in Quarit district, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Linger , Degefa Terefe
Published: July 2022

The current era of globalization is accompanied by vulnerabilities of migrants at their destination. Although such cases possibly shape the vulnerabilities of migrant-sending households through the network of migration, most studies give little attention to these spatial vulnerabilities. Informed by the translocal approach, this article attempts to bridge this gap based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative data generated from households that send temporary labor migrants to export-oriented cash crop growing areas in Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from randomly selected 250 migrant-sending households and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data meant to support quantitative data were gathered before and after collecting quantitative data through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a review of secondary sources. The findings demonstrate that temporary rural–rural labor migrants are vulnerable to multiple shocks at their destination. These vulnerabilities of migrants are transferred to migrant-sending households through migration networks and result in various degrees of negative livelihood outcomes such as asset decumulation and food insecurity depending on the type of migrant-households. It is learned, in this case, that a localized approach to vulnerability analysis appears inadequate in revealing the whole spectrum of vulnerability. The implication is that efforts meant to address migration-related vulnerability require coordinated responses involving actors situated both at the origin and destination of migrants. Interventions to address migration-related vulnerability also require mainstreaming migration into national development policies and strategies designed based on a translocal approach.
Unmasking the ties of snake bite poisoning and COVID-19
Authors: Chander Anjuman , Samra Tanvir , Loganathan Sekar , Mahajan Varun
Published: July 2022

Background

Snake bite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease with variable clinical presentation, neurotoxic manifestations (respiratory paralysis), rhabdomyolysis, cardiotoxicity, autonomic hyperactivity, and/or coagulation abnormalities. There is limited data on the clinical course of the envenomation in an incidentally diagnosed COVID-19 patient.

Case presentation

A 17-year-old male with history of snake bite and neuroparalysis developed shortness of breath. He was treated with lyophilized polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) on admission in the emergency department and mechanical ventilation. Subsequently, he tested positive for COVID-19 infection. No immunomodulatory therapy was administered, and patient was extubated on the 5th day of ICU admission without any neurological deficit.

Conclusions

Coinfections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus with snake bite poisoning lead to diagnostic dilemmas and controversies in management practices. Abnormalities of coagulation need to be cautiously addressed, and cause of development of pneumonia needs to be identified. The rapid recovery of the patient in our case theoretically can be explained on the organ-protective potential of snake-derived peptides; a large case series is however needed to prove the same.
In vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol leaf extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (Dc.) Hochst (Fabaceae)
Authors: Abdulkadir Safiya Shehu , Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Abdussalam Umar Sharif , Bichi Lawal Alhassan , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Malami Sani
Published: July 2022

Background

Piliostigma reticulatum is a plant traditionally used to treat malaria, smallpox, neuralgia, dysentery, diarrhea, and rheumatism in Northern Nigeria. There is no scientific evidence to support the antimalarial activity of this plant. This work aims to investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol leaf extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (MPR) in mice, infected with NK65 chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The oral lethal doses and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract were performed. The therapeutic, suppressive, and prophylactic models were used for the antiplasmodial activity at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the MPR extract. Chloroquine and artesunate were used as the positive control drugs, while distilled water was used for the negative control group. The antiplasmodial activity was determined by comparing the mean parasite clearance in the treated groups, to the negative control group. Also the effect of the extract on the blood packed-cell volume of mice (PCV) was determined.

Results

The LD50 of MPR was found to be > 5000 mg/kg. Glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes and alkaloids were the phytochemicals identified in the extract. The extract of MPR produced a significant reduction in the mean parasitemia level compared to the negative control in the curative test: MPR 250 (68.31%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (76.53%, P < 0.001), and MPR1000 (83.65%, P < 0.001). The extract prolonged the survival of infected mice (18.8 days), compared to the negative control (5.2 days). The extract produced significant chemosuppression compared to the negative control; MPR 250 (73.79%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (81.33%, P < 0.001), and MPR 1000 (78.37%, P < 0.001). The extract produced significant chemoprophylaxis compared to the negative control; MPR 250 (68.5%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (58.7%, P < 0.001), and MPR 1000 (84.77%, P < 0.001). The extract was found to have no significant effect on the blood PCV of the treated groups compared to the negative control.

Conclusions

The study showed that the MPR extract has significant antiplasmodial activity in mice at the doses tested, and could justify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of malaria in Northern Nigeria.
Mechanisms underlying cereal/legume intercropping as nature-based biofortification: A review
Authors: Ebbisa Addisu
Published: July 2022

The deficiencies of micronutrients known as hidden hunger are severely affecting more than one-half of the world’s population, which is highly related to low bioavailability of micronutrients, poor quality diets, and consumption of cereal-based foods in developing countries. Although numerous experiments proved biofortification as a paramount approach for improving hidden hunger around the world, its effectiveness is highly related to various soil factors, climate conditions, and the adoption rates of biofortified crops. Furthermore, agronomic biofortification may result in the sedimentation of heavy metals in the soil that pose another detrimental effect on plants and human health. In response to these challenges, several studies suggested intercropping as one of the feasible, eco-friendly, low-cost, and short-term approaches for improving the nutritional quality and yield of crops sustainable way. Besides, it is the cornerstone of climate-smart agriculture and the holistic solution for the most vulnerable area to solve malnutrition that disturbs human healthy catastrophically. Nevertheless, there is meager information on mechanisms and processes related to soil-plant interspecific interactions that lead to an increment of nutrients bioavailability to tackle the crisis of micronutrient deficiency in a nature-based solution. In this regard, this review tempted to (1) explore mechanisms and processes that can favor the bioavailability of Zn, Fe, P, etc. in soil and edible parts of crops, (2) synthesize available information on the benefits and synergic role of the intercropping system in food and nutritional security, and (3) outline the bottlenecks influencing the effectiveness of biofortification for promoting sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on this review SSA countries are malnourished due to limited access to diverse diets, supplementation, and commercially fortified food; hence, I suggest integrated research by agronomists, plant nutritionists, and agroecologist to intensify and utilize intercropping systems as biofortification sustainably alleviating micronutrient deficiencies.

Graphical Abstract
Retrospective diagnosis of Behcet’s disease prompted by a false-positive D-dimer
Authors: Merashli Mira , Ames Paul RJ
Published: July 2022

A 42-year-old lady underwent extensive investigations looking for thrombosis, cancer or vasculitis following repeated D-dimer testing with values greater than 60,000 μg/ml; the negativity of the imaging ruled out cancer or thrombosis, but a review of her clinical history suggested she had features of Behcet’s disease several years earlier, leading also the hypothesis that the elevated D-dimer could have been a false positive, as subsequently demonstrated. Careful history taking is mandatory for the early interpretation of symptoms linked to Behcet’s disease, and a high degree of suspicion for a false positivity must be applied to asymptomatic people with unusually high levels of D-dimer.
Fruit and vegetable intake and incident and persistent poor sleep quality in a rural ageing population in South Africa: longitudinal study
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: July 2022

Background

Fruit and vegetable intake may improve sleep.

Aims

To assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and sleep quality in a longitudinal study.

Method

We analysed longitudinal data from two consecutive population surveys of adults in Agincourt, South Africa (2014–2015 and 2018–2019).

Results

In total, 331 of 2975 participants without poor sleep quality in Wave 1 (11.1%) had incident poor sleep quality in Wave 2, and 270 of 3546 participants who had poor sleep quality in Wave 1 (7.6%) had poor sleep quality in both Waves 1 and 2 (persistent poor sleep quality). The prevalence of poor sleep quality at baseline was 17.2%. In the fully adjusted model for people without poor sleep quality at baseline, higher fruit and vegetable consumption (≥5 servings/day) was positively associated with incident poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.51–2.01) but not among women (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.46). Two or more servings of fruits were positively associated with incident poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.96–5.72) and among women (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.15–2.94). No models among men and women showed a significant association between vegetable intake and incident poor sleep quality or between fruit and vegetable intake, vegetable intake and persistent poor sleep quality. Fruit intake (one serving) was positively associated with persistent poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.00–3.08) but not among women (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.93–2.18).

Conclusions

Higher fruit and vegetable intake was independently associated with poorer sleep quality among men but not women, and higher fruit but not vegetable intake was associated with poorer sleep quality among both men and women.
White Mythologies
Authors: Ellis Neyra Ren
Published: July 2022

This response essay engages the three book discussion essays by Ronald Mendoza–de Jesús, Petra R. Rivera-Rideau, and Rocío Zambrana on The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics (2020). Following questions of anti-Blackness in Spanish Caribbean (especially Puerto Rican) aesthetics, culture, and history that are distinctly presented and theorized in each of the scholarly interlocutor’s book-forum essays, this essay thinks about reading itself and other perceptual modes, such as listening, qua Whiteness, “the ontic,” and “slow violence.” In its (re)considerations of the senses, it additionally critiques several foci of contemporary aesthetic and cultural theory and production, such as the current fashion of hyperbolizing aesthesis and poiesis as salvific and unquestionably relational in lieu of reckoning with ethical questions of reading, the perilous return of vitalism, and the discourse of White cultural nationalism afoot in representations of Puerto Rico today.
Control of Vibration-Metasurface Coupling at the Mid-Infrared Spectral Window for Inorganic Thermal Emitters
Authors: Nishijima Yoshiaki , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: July 2022

The coupling between light and molecular vibrational modes is dependent on the efficiency of molecular absorption. Here, we demonstrate a method to control the coupling between molecular mid-infrared absorption/emission in the chemical fingerprinting spectral window and a metasurface using SiO2 as an absorber/emitter and CaF2 as a spacer to optimize the strength of coupling. The use of inorganic dielectric I-spacers in metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces opens applications in narrow-band emitters for a mid-infrared spectral window at elevated temperatures (>350 °C), where polymer/organic I-spacers degrade.
Electrochemical Analysis of Fe2+ Ions Behavior in the Metal Oxide Dispersions
Authors: Lament Karolina , Nieszporek Jolanta , Piasecki Wojciech
Published: July 2022

This study aims at establishing how metal oxides (TiO2, Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3) influence electrochemical activity of Fe2+ ions in solutions of different pH. Above pH 6.5 almost total uptake of Fe2+ ions from solution was reported for all oxides due to adsorption and oxidation of ferrous ions manifested by the reversal of the redox potential (Eh) trend. TiO2 and Fe2O3 revealed the strongest Fe2+ affinity and Al2O3 the weakest. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the transformation of precipitated Fe(OH)3 into FeOOH above pH 6.5. Square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used in experimental measurements applying the gold electrode. The changes in Ra (activation resistance of the Fe2+ electrooxidation) confirmed the beneficial effect of Fe2O3 and TiO2 on the rate of Fe2+ electrooxidation on the electrode. The linear relationship between the anodic peak current and the square root of the scanning rate proves that in the absence of oxides, the Fe2+ oxidation process is determined by the diffusion of the depolarizer to the electrode surface. In the presence of oxides, the relationships Ip = f ($\sqrt{\text{v}} $) are non-linear, and therefore the electrooxidation of Fe2+ ions is controlled by their adsorption on gold.
A gestão não será mais a mesma
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: July 2022

Nesse cenário pandêmico, a Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) reorganizou rapidamente suas atividades e pôde dar continuidade ao ensino de qualidade em prol do desenvolvimento do país. Em consonância com esses objetivos, os artigos da GV-executivo buscam disseminar o conhecimento produzido nas pesquisas de seus professores e professoras, nos diversos centros de estudo e nos trabalhos aplicados dos alunos e das alunas dos mestrados profissionais da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da FGV (FGV EAESP).
Uma forma de combater a corrupção
Authors: Costa Ligia Maura , Pagotto Leopoldo
Published: July 2022

Reaver valores obtidos de maneira ilícita é o caminho mais efetivo de evitar e punir práticas corruptas. o brasil está caminhando nessa direção, mas o destino dos montantes retomados ainda é alvo de incertezas e disputas.
Tecnologia em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Diniz Eduardo H.
Published: July 2022

Consolidar o novo normal, imposto pelos avanços digitais apenas iniciados nessa pandemia, vai exigir ainda mais foco em conceitos primordiais como democracia, justiça e equidade social.
Saindo do fundo do poço?
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: July 2022

A retomada sustentável do crescimento depende da volta dos investimentos. a agricultura vai bem, mas é indispensável que o mesmo vigor retorne à indústria e ao setor de serviços.
Covid-19: educação é conhecimento compartilhado
Authors: Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: July 2022

O processo educacional é uma troca que exige o contato humano, por meio do qual conteúdos, experiências, competências e emoções estão em jogo. não pode se resumir a uma impessoal transmissão de informações via recursos digitais.
Η κουλτούρα του ελληνικού δημόσιου σχολείου
Authors: Λαλιώτη Ευθυμία
Published: July 2022

Η έρευνα αποτελεί προσπάθεια χαρτογράφησης της κουλτούρας του Δημόσιου Σχολείου στην Ελλάδα• πρόκειται για μια προσέγγιση τύπων και προσανατολισμών της σχολικής κουλτούρας με βάση τις απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών. Αναζήτησε στοιχεία σχολικής κουλτούρας που άπτονται αφενός της λειτουργίας του ελληνικού κοινωνικού και εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος (κοινά στα δημόσια σχολεία: πρόσληψη γραφειοκρατικής οργάνωσης του ελληνικού δημόσιου σχολείου και της ελληνικής εκπαίδευσης, απόψεις για το σχολείο, την εκπαίδευση και τον εκπαιδευτικό), αφετέρου της ιδιοσυστασίας κάθε σχολείου και της σχετικά αυτόνομης δράσης του (ιδιοσυστασιακά/διακριτικά του καθενός: ιδιογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά του σχολείου, αποκλίσεις στην αντιμετώπιση του ανθρώπινου παράγοντα, στην αξιοποίηση των ευκαιριών και στην εσωτερική στοχοθεσία) και αποκάλυψε τη μίξη κοινών και ιδοσυστασικών στοιχείων, ο μοναδικός συνδυασμός των οποίων προσδίδει την ιδιαιτερότητα της σύνθεσης κάθε σχολικής κουλτούρας. Σε μια προσέγγιση τυπολογικής κατάταξης, αναδείχτηκαν δύο βασικοί προσανατολισμοί κουλτούρας, ο επικρατέστερος -ακόμα, σε ένα πλαίσιο μη πλήρως ελεγχόμενο από τους όρους της αγοράς- της ανθρωποκεντρικής-ανοιχτής-συνεργατικής κουλτούρας και ο σπανιότερος της γραφειοκρατικής-κλειστής κουλτούρας, οι οποίοι συνδέονται με την εντονότερη αντίστοιχα παρουσία ιδιοσυστασιακών και κοινών χαρακτηριστικών, με τη Βαθμίδα Εκπαίδευσης να μην λειτουργεί διαφοροποιητικά ως προς τη σχολική κουλτούρα στην Ελλάδα• κατ’ αναλογίαν, επικρατέστερος του γραφειοκρατικού είναι ο ανθρωποκεντρικός προσανατολισμός πρόσληψης της σχολικής κουλτούρας από τον Διευθυντή Δημόσιου Σχολείου στην Ελλάδα, με τον ρόλο του στη διαμόρφωση της κουλτούρας αυτής να μην εκλαμβάνεται σαφώς ως κυρίαρχος στο ελληνικό πλαίσιο αναφοράς. Η διερεύνηση του θέματος στηρίχτηκε στο θεωρητικό μοντέλο των Ανταγωνιζόμενων Αξιών των Cameron and Quinn (1999, 2006, 2011) για τους τέσσερις τύπους οργανωσιακής κουλτούρας (Α, Β, Γ, Δ) με i) προσαρμοσμένη χρήση του Eρωτηματολογίου Maslowski (2001) για διερεύνηση των απόψεων των εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με την κουλτούρα του σχολείου τους σε (γενικό) δείγμα 1020 ημερήσιων σχολείων και των δύο Βαθμίδων Σχολικής Εκπαίδευσης από όλη την Επικράτεια και ii) Μελέτη μεμονωμένων Περιπτώσεων 12 σχολείων (ειδικό δείγμα), μέσω συγκριτικής και συνδυαστικής θεώρησης ανά σχολείο δεδομένων ποσοτικοποιημένων από το Ερωτηματολόγιο και ποιοτικών από τις ατομικές και ομαδικές Συνεντεύξεις εκπαιδευτικών (Διευθυντών/-ντριών και Διδασκόντων/-ουσών).
Κοινωνικές Και δημογραφικές μεταβολές
Authors: Πρεσβέλου Αγγελική-Νίκη
Published: July 2022

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύτηκε τη Νοσολογική κατάσταση του Ναυπλίου και κατ’ επέκταση της επαρχίας Ναυπλίας, όπως προκύπτει από την επεξεργασία των καταλόγων εισερχομένων-εξερχομένων ασθενών στο Δημοτικό Νοσοκομείο Ναυπλίου, εντάσσοντάς την στο γεωγραφικό, δημογραφικό και υγειονομικό πλαίσιο της χρονικής περιόδου από το 1834 έως το 1861. Σε συνέχεια των παραπάνω διερευνήθηκαν και αποτυπώθηκαν τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά των σημαντικότερων ασθενειών της περιόδου βάσει των οποίων συστάθηκε ο Νοσολογικός Πίνακας της περιοχής για την μελετούμενη περίοδο.Για την επίτευξη του βασικού στόχου της διατριβής αρχικά αποτυπώθηκε το γεωφυσικό προφίλ της περιοχής καθώς και οι κλιματολογικές συνθήκες διαβίωσης του πληθυσμού εκείνης της περιόδου. Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκε η οικιστική δομή της περιοχής και η εξέλιξη της αστικοποίησης και της συγκέντρωσης του πληθυσμού σε αστικά και ημιαστικά κέντρα. Μελετήθηκε η δημογραφική εξέλιξη του πληθυσμού και παρουσιάστηκαν οι βασικοί δημογραφικοί δείκτες, στο βαθμό που ήταν δυνατό από τη φύση των πηγών που επεξεργαστήκαμε, και αποτυπώθηκε το στάδιο της δημογραφικής μετάβασης του πληθυσμού της Αργολίδας και ειδικότερα του Ναυπλίου, με την μελέτη και της επαγγελματικής δραστηριότητας των κατοίκων της περιοχής. Η παραπάνω ανάλυση αποτέλεσε το βασικό πλαίσιο, στο οποίο εντάχθηκε η ποσοτική και ποιοτική ανάλυση των πρωτογενών στοιχείων από των κατάλογο εισερχομένων ασθενών του Δημοτικού Νοσοκομείου Ναυπλίου προκειμένου να περιγραφεί το πρότυπο νοσηρότητας της περιόδου εκείνης για το Ναύπλιο, να αναδειχθούν οι βασικές ασθένειες, να αποτυπωθεί το δημογραφικό τους προφίλ και εν τέλει να συσταθεί ο Νοσολογικός Πίνακας της περιόδου.Το πρότυπο νοσηρότητας, έτσι όπως προέκυψε από τη μελέτη, εντάσσεται σε ένα πρώιμο στάδιο αστικοποίησης της πόλης του Ναυπλίου στο οποίο παρουσιάζονται υψηλά ποσοστά συγκέντρωσης-πυκνότητας του πληθυσμού σε ιδιαίτερα ανθυγιεινές συνθήκες διαβίωσης με υποτυπώδεις εξυπηρετήσεις αστικού χαρακτήρα καθώς ακόμα και το ίδιο το Νοσοκομείο βρίσκεται σε εμβρυακή φάση και στοιχειώδεις παροχές. Συγκεκριμένα, επιβεβαιώνεται το γεγονός ότι στην ίδια περίοδο της πρώιμης ανάπτυξης των νοσοκομείων σε όλη την Ευρώπη το ποσοστό των ασθενών που επισκέπτονται το νοσοκομείο είναι ιδιαίτερα χαμηλό σε σχέση με τον γενικό πληθυσμό και αφορά κυρίως άνδρες των οποίων η βασική ασθένεια είναι οι πυρετοί και τα γαστρεντερολογικά προβλήματα. Η προσέλευση των γυναικών είναι ακόμη χαμηλότερη ενώ οι βασικές αιτίες εισαγωγής είναι τα αφροδισιακά πάθη και οι ψυχικές διαταραχές.
Τύποι γονέων και κοινωνική συμπεριφορά κατά την παιδική και εφηβική ηλικία
Authors: Κρασανάκη Αναστασία , Βάσιου Αικατερίνη , Τάνταρος Σπυρίδων
Published: July 2022

Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση της σχέσης ανάμεσα στους τύπους γονέων και στην κοινωνική συμπεριφορά των παιδιών και των εφήβων. Ειδικότερα, μελετήθηκε η σχέση των τύπων γονέων με την αρνητική κοινωνική συμπεριφορά παιδιών και εφήβων, δηλαδή τα προβλήματα εξωτερίκευσης και εσωτερίκευσης, καθώς επίσης και με τη θετική κοινωνική συμπεριφορά που αυτά επιδεικνύουν. Επιπλέον, εξετάστηκαν οι τύποι γονέων και το φύλο των παιδιών ως προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες της κοινωνικής τους συμπεριφοράς. Οι συμμετέχοντες ήταν 1.205 γονείς παιδιών και εφήβων ηλικίας 6-18 ετών, από ολόκληρη την ελληνική επικράτεια. Συμπλήρωσαν το Ερωτηματολόγιο Τύπων Γονέων, το Ερωτηματολόγιο Δυνατοτήτων και Δυσκολιών, καθώς και ένα δημογραφικό ερωτηματολόγιο. Τα αποτελέσματα ανέδειξαν θετική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στον διαλεκτικό γονικό τύπο και τη θετική κοινωνική συμπεριφορά και αρνητική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στον αυταρχικό, ανεκτικό και αυστηρό γονικό τύπο και τη θετική κοινωνική συμπεριφορά. Επιπρόσθετα, εντοπίστηκε αρνητική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στον διαλεκτικό γονικό τύπο και στα προβλήματα εξωτερίκευσης/εσωτερίκευσης και θετική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στον αυταρχικό, ανεκτικό και αυστηρό τύπο και στα προβλήματα εξωτερίκευσης/εσωτερίκευσης παιδιών και εφήβων. Επίσης, αναδείχθηκαν ατομικές διαφορές ως προς το φύλο σε σχέση με τη θετική κοινωνική συμπεριφορά και τα προβλήματα εξωτερίκευσης/εσωτερίκευσης. Τέλος, οι τύποι γονέων και το φύλο των παιδιών αναδείχθηκαν ως προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες της κοινωνικής συμπεριφοράς των παιδιών. Γενικότερα, τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας ανέδειξαν τις ευεργετικές επιδράσεις του διαλεκτικού τύπου γονέα, υπογραμμίζοντας παράλληλα τις αρνητικές επιδράσεις της υιοθέτησης του αυταρχικού, του ανεκτικού και του αυστηρού τύπου γονέα.
Emotional processes, leadership, gender and workplace affect in interdisciplinary teams
Authors: Tsouvelas George , Nikolaou Ioannis , Koulierakis George
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of emotional skills and gender in workplace affect through non-hierarchical level and multilevel analyses. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires completed by 19 directors and 128 subordinates working in interdisciplinary teams of Centers of Educational and Counselling Support. At non-hierarchical level, higher order emotional abilities (use and regulate emotions) were positively related to positive affect at workplace. Negative affect was negatively associated with the ability to regulate emotions and positively with the strategy of emotional suppression. At multilevel analyses, cognitive reappraisal emerged as a significant predictor for both the positive and negative affect (inversed) of the subordinates. Gender differences were observed at multilevel analyses. We tempt to explore possible tensions between emotional competencies and emotional outcomes (workplace affect) both at non-hierarchical level and managerial level in interdisciplinary teams. Training programs may promote group emotional empowerment and focus on higher order emotional skills. Managerial level training programs could also go deep in cognitive reappraisal of the emotions as an emotion regulation strategy that promotes safer emotional affect at workplace.
Η ανάπτυξη της αναπαραστασιακής ικανότητας στο χώρο των φυσικών επιστημών σε σχέση με την ικανότητα στοχασμού στον κοινωνικό κόσμο
Authors: Κυριακοπούλου Νατάσσα , Βοσνιάδου Στέλλα
Published: July 2022

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνήθηκε η ικανότητα των παιδιών να χειρίζονται αναπαραστάσεις σχετιζόμενες με τη διαισθητική εμπειρία τους για τον κόσμο παράλληλα με την επιστημονική αντι-διαισθητική γνώση που αποκτούν κατά τα σχολικά χρόνια. Τα αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων μελετών μας έδειξαν ότι η κατανόηση επιστημονικών αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων δεν οδηγεί απαραίτητα και στην κατανόηση των διαφορετικών τρόπων με τους οποίους μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί μια ίδια κατάσταση στον κόσμο. Η ικανότητα να σκέφτεται κανείς συγχρόνως για δύο διαφορετικές αναπαραστάσεις παρουσιάζει μια αναπτυξιακή πορεία, όπου τα παιδιά σταδιακά κατανοούν και το «βλέπω» και το «βλέπω σαν». Η κατανόηση αυτή φαίνεται να συνδέεται με αλλαγές όχι μόνο στις οντολογικές δεσμεύσεις αλλά και στις επιστημολογικές δεσμεύσεις καθώς και στις αναπαραστάσεις των παιδιών. Η υπόθεση ότι οι απαρχές αυτής της κατανόησης βρίσκονται στην ικανότητα των παιδιών να σκέφτονται για τις διαφορές ανάμεσα στις πεποιθήσεις τους και τις πεποιθήσεις των άλλων στο πεδίο του κοινωνικού κόσμου (Θεωρία του Νου) μελετήθηκε στην παρούσα μελέτη. Εξήντα τρεις μαθητές (μ.ο. ηλικίας 10 έτη και 8 μήνες) εξετάστηκαν με  έργα  Θεωρίας του Νου (ΘτΝ) και  έργα κατανόησης για τον φυσικό κόσμο. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν να επιβεβαιώνουν την ύπαρξη κοινών γνωστικών-επιστημολογικών στοιχείων ανάμεσα στα δυο πεδία σκέψης. Η ΘτΝ φάνηκε να αποτελεί σημαντικό προβλεπτικό παράγοντα για την ικανότητα των παιδιών να αναστοχάζονται πάνω σε διαφορετικές οπτικές του φυσικού κόσμου. Τα αποτελέσματα συζητούνται με βάση και την επίδραση που μπορεί να έχουν στο σχεδιασμό διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων που προωθούν την εννοιολογική αλλαγή.
Μάθηση αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων υπό το πρίσμα της εννοιολογικής αλλαγής
Authors: Σκοπελίτη Ειρήνη
Published: July 2022

Τι κρύβεται πίσω από τη συχνά παρατηρούμενη δυσκολία των μαθητών να κατανοήσουν αντι-διαισθητικές εξηγήσεις από τα πεδία των φυσικών επιστημών και των μαθηματικών; Υποθέτουμε ότι οι μαθητές ερχόμενοι στο σχολείο έχουν ήδη διαμορφώσει θεωρίες για το πώς λειτουργεί ο κόσμος στηριζόμενοι σε πληροφορίες που λαμβάνουν από το εξωτερικό περιβάλλον μέσω των αισθήσεων. Οι θεωρίες αυτές όμως ενδέχεται να έρχονται σε αντίθεση με τις επιστημονικές εξηγήσεις οι οποίες αρκετά συχνά θεωρούνται ότι είναι αντι-διαισθητικές, αφού δεν προκύπτουν από τις καθημερινές μας παρατηρήσεις μέσω των αισθήσεων και δεν επιβεβαιώνονται από αυτές. Για να επιτευχθεί η μάθηση απαιτείται η αναδιοργάνωση των αρχικών θεωριών των μαθητών· απαιτούνται δηλαδή πολλαπλές εννοιολογικές αλλαγές --οντολογικές, επιστημολογικές και αναπαραστασιακές-- όπως περιγράφεται στην προσέγγιση της Θεωρίας Πλαισίου για τη μάθηση με εννοιολογική αλλαγή. Στο παρόν Ειδικό Αφιέρωμα του περιοδικού παρουσιάζονται πέντε εργασίες που βασίζονται στην ίδια θεωρητική προσέγγιση για τη μάθηση αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων με εννοιολογική αλλαγή. Οι συγγραφείς επεκτείνουν την προσέγγιση της Θεωρίας Πλαισίου περιγράφοντας τις δυσκολίες των μαθητών να κατανοήσουν αντι-διαισθητικές εξηγήσεις των φυσικών επιστημών και των μαθηματικών και προτείνουν διδακτικές πρακτικές που θα μπορούσαν να υποστηρίξουν τη μάθηση αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων.
CE-CERT for prevention of burnout for attending physicians and general pediatric residents: A grounded theory investigation
Authors: Deel Matthew , DeGrace Beth , North Maddison N. , Naifeh Monique M. , Risch Elizabeth , Schmidt Susan R. , Bax Ami C.
Published: July 2022

Background: Physician burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard for decades. Burnout prevention may target individual and workplace environment factors; however, a gold standard approach to prevention has yet to be established. Components for Enhancing Clinician Experience and Reducing Trauma (CE-CERT) is both a practice and peer supervision model for promoting wellness among helping professionals. This study sought to explore the experiences of a group of attending physicians at a mid-size pediatric residency program in an urban free-standing children’s hospital as they learned and implemented CE-CERT.

Methods: A total of seven attending physicians participated in CE-CERT during the academic year between 2020 and 2021. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five of the seven participants (71%) after completion of the program to explore their experiences with CE-CERT in their personal and professional lives. Through constructivist grounded theory methods, attending physician experiences with CE-CERT were systematically analyzed.

Results: Rigorous analysis revealed six common themes around the attending experiences with the CE-CERT model in their personal and professional lives. The six themes were as follows: 1) It’s given me a framework, 2) It’s given me insight, 3) Taking a minute, 4) Gave me skills to use, 5) You can do this without being overwhelmed, and 6) We connected. The themes were organized in a pictorial representation of their interactions.

Conclusions: This study found that the CE-CERT program taught skills and concepts to our sample of attending physicians that were applicable and promoted self-motivation with potential to mitigate burnout and promote compassion satisfaction and professional quality of life.
Organization of healthcare and public health, current issues (for heads of structural units of medical organizations)
Authors: Nojkina N.V. , Roslaya N.A. , Zaripova T.V. , Rusakova I.V. , Chebykina T.V.
Published: July 2022

The electronic teaching aid "Organization of health care and public health, topical issues" (for heads of structural units of medical organizations) "was developed on the basis of the qualification requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the specialty" Organization of Health Care and Public Health ", taking into account the professional standard "Specialist in the organization of health care and public health" in order to form the competencies of medical specialists necessary to perform the type of professional activity - management of a structural unit of a medical organization. The manual consists of 2 training modules: "Modern issues of public health and management in health care" and " Monitoring the activities of a structural unit of a medical organization ", containing the concept of a process approach in health management, principles of organization and planning of activities and a structural unit of a medical organization, a methodology for analyzing and evaluating indicators characterizing the activities of a medical organization, and indicators of public health. The manual examines the modern requirements of legislation on the protection of patients' rights, the main regulatory documents reflecting the organization of the activities of medical commissions in medical organizations, requirements for maintaining medical records, methods of motivating employees of a structural unit of a medical organization, forms and methods of planning and organizing internal quality control and safety of medical activities, as well as the organization of work with citizens' appeals. Supplementing theoretical information with questions for self-control, test tasks and situational tasks allows you to master the material qualitatively and contributes to the preservation of the acquired knowledge and competencies.
Solving Large-Scale Fixed-Budget Ranking and Selection Problems
Authors: Hong L. Jeff , Jiang Guangxin , Zhong Ying
Published: July 2022

In recent years, with the rapid development of computing technology, developing parallel procedures to solve large-scale ranking and selection (R&S) problems has attracted a lot of research attention. In this paper, we take fixed-budget R&S procedure as an example to investigate potential issues of developing parallel procedures. We argue that to measure the performance of a fixed-budget R&S procedure in solving large-scale problems, it is important to quantify the minimal growth rate of the total sampling budget such that as the number of alternatives increases, the probability of correct selection (PCS) would not decrease to zero. We call such a growth rate of the total sampling budget the rate for maintaining correct selection (RMCS). We show that a tight lower bound for the RMCS of a broad class of existing fixed-budget procedures is in the order of [Formula: see text], where k is the number of alternatives. Then, we propose a new type of fixed-budget procedure, namely the fixed-budget knockout-tournament ([Formula: see text]) procedure. We prove that, in terms of the RMCS, our procedure outperforms existing fixed-budget procedures and achieves the optimal order, that is, the order of k. Moreover, we demonstrate that our procedure can be easily implemented in parallel computing environments with almost no nonparallelizable calculations. Last, a comprehensive numerical study shows that our procedure is indeed suitable for solving large-scale problems in parallel computing environments.

History: Accepted by Bruno Tuffin, Area Editor for Simulation.

Funding: Y. Zhong was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101047]. L. J. Hong was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72091211 and 72161160340]. G. Jiang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72121001 and 72171060].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1221 .