bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal Relationship between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Jiang Ziqing , Li Guanhong , Zeng Siying , Li Jingjun , Li Yongchun , Lin Jintao , Fan Qin
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Despite the exponential increase in the incidence rate of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for the disorder are still limited. According to vast clinical observations, the pathogeneses of ASD and Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share a great deal of similarities. This serves as a prompt to investigate, in this study, whether patients with ADHD are at a higher risk for ASD, which is significant for disease prevention.

Methods Data concerning ADHD as the exposure variable and ASD as the outcome variable were collected from the publicly available Integrative Epidemiology Unit Open GWAS project (IEU GWAS) database. After screening the instrumental variables (IVs), statistical analysis was performed using the TwoSampleMR package of version R4.3.1, and sensitivity testing was conducted to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results.

Results After screening the Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through the calculation of F-value and Mendelian randomization (MR) Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), seven SNPs that satisfied the three major assumptions of Mendelian randomization were selected as IVs and could be used in place of ADHD in exploring the aforementioned causal relationship. The Odds ratio (OR) for the random-effect Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was 1.31 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.52; p = 0.0001). A similar trend was observed for the Weighted median estimator (WME) method, with an OR of 1.37 (wider 95% CI: 1.15–1.64; p = 0.0005).

Conclusion This study includes the pooled data on ADHD and ASD from the IEU GWAS public database, and there is sufficient evidence that patients with ADHD have a higher risk of ASD.
DESAFIOS NO ENSINO DA DIVERSIDADE ÉTNICA E CULTURAL: PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E ANOS INICIAIS
Authors: Crislane Silva Diniz da Paz Gesley , Pizza Pancotte Darius Rebeca
Published: December 2024

O Brasil é um dos países com maior diversidade étnica e cultural do mundo, constituído por uma população multicultural e pluriétnica devido à presença originária de povos indígenas, posterior colonização europeia, e povos africanos. Diante da discriminação e negação da cultura afro, afro-brasileira e indígena, medidas legais precisaram ser adotadas, como a criação da lei 11.645/08, tornando obrigatório o seu ensino na educação básica. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi destacar a importância da lei e os desafios que professoras de determinada escola pesquisada enfrentam para sua efetivação. Metodologicamente, caracteriza-se pela natureza qualitativa com uso da técnica do Grupo Focal. Os resultados indicaram que as professoras têm conhecimento parcial da lei e não se sentem preparadas para tratar da temática na sala de aula. Conclui-se que é urgente abordar as relações étnicas na formação inicial e continuada de professores, para que eles se sintam instrumentalizados em sua prática pedagógica.
DISCURSO EUGÊNICO RACIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA (1929-1933)
Authors: Da Silva Carmen Jesus , Dos Santos Jose Francisco
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho se debruça na problemática relativa ao discurso ideológico eugênico presente no âmbito da educação. Mediante a análise documental dos Boletins de Eugenia publicados por Renato Kehl de 1929 a 1933, verifica-se o discurso eugênico na sociedade brasileira e o incentivo às práticas eugênicas por meio da educação. É utilizado o recorte racial, buscando compreender como a educação foi utilizada para propagar a lógica racista na sociedade. Além disso, os principais movimentos de reformas educacionais no Brasil perpassam pelo período de efervescência da eugenia no país, o que implica na defesa da educação eugênica na Constituição Brasileira de 1934. Nesse sentido, é fundamental analisar as bases que consagraram a estrutura de educação pública, para que seja possível obtermos uma educação plural no Brasil.
CONCEPÇÕES DE CRIANÇAS DO PRIMEIRO ANO DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL SOBRE OS INDÍGENAS DA ATUALIDADE: UM MOVIMENTO REFLEXIVO ATRAVÉS DO USO DA TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Sarmento Ferreira Subtil Rayra , Ferreira Rodrigues Gomes Larissa
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de fomentar a importância da tecnologia para os povos indígenas como recurso para ampliar os seus aspectos culturais, na intenção de desmistificar conceitos enraizados sobre os povos originários em uma turma de primeiro ano das séries iniciais, utilizando o aplicativo Instagram, a fim de demonstrar que existem indígenas com acesso à internet. Para isso, utilizou-se a pesquisa com o cotidiano como metodologia. Como resultado da pesquisa, os estudantes puderam compreender que os indígenas existem no Brasil e que estão inseridos no contexto social e cultural, bem como utilizam recursos tecnológicos para socializar seus modos de vida.
Body Count: The War on Terror and Civilian Deaths in Iraq, by Lily Hamourtziadou – Book Review
Authors: Travers Alannah
Published: December 2024

Body Count: The War on Terror and Civilian Deaths in Iraq is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the true impact of the Iraq War and its ongoing consequences for the people of Iraq. Lily Hamourtziadou has created a powerful account of the human cost of war, and her dedication to truth and justice is evident on every page. Body Count is both a work of immense scholarly value, and a tribute to the individuals who have suffered and continue to suffer as a result of the conflict. https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/body-count
Data-driven and model-guided iterative reconstruction framework for simultaneous sparse-view and ring artifact reduction in synchrotron X-ray microtomography
Authors: Li Fangzhi , Li Yimin , Wang Ziyao , Ma Chenyang , Ji Dongjiang , Lv Wenjuan , He Yi , Jian Jianbo , Zhao Xinyan , Hu Chunhong , Zhao Yuqing
Published: December 2024

Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (S-µCT) is a highly valuable technique for investigating organ function and pathologies. However, its application is often limited by high radiation doses and the occurrence of ring artifacts. While S-µCT utilizing sparse-view projections can effectively decrease radiation doses, the reconstructed images frequently exhibit severe streaking artifacts, which are exacerbated by ring artifacts, ultimately compromising reconstruction accuracy, image quality, and resolution. Previous research has primarily focused on either sparse-view CT reconstruction or ring artifact reduction, leaving the issue of simultaneous sparse-view and ring artifact reduction under-explored. In this study, we propose a data-driven and model-guided iterative reconstruction framework for S-µCT to address this issue. Specifically, this framework integrates a data prior derived from a score-based generative model to tackle the streaking artifacts introduced by sparse-view projections, along with a model prior obtained from a regularization model to suppress ring artifacts. To assess the effectiveness and capabilities of the proposed framework, simulations using foam phantoms and real S-µCT experiments involving rat liver samples were conducted. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively reduces both streaking and ring artifacts, yielding high-quality S-µCT images with significant reconstruction accuracy and improved image resolution. These findings suggest that the proposed framework holds considerable promise for expanding the application of S-µCT in the future.
Tandem achromatic metasurface for waveguide coupling in full-color AR displays
Authors: Zhang Kaixin , Fan Zhengui , Chen Kangkang , Lin Jiale , Huang Chunlei , Nie Junyang , Sun Jie , Yan Qun , Chen Enguo
Published: December 2024

Waveguide coupling design is one of the most challenging topics in augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays (NED). The primary challenge stems from the necessity to simultaneously address two competing factors: the overall volume of the AR system and the occurrence of chromatic aberration. To address this issue, what we believe to be a novel tandem trilayer achromatic metasurface is specifically designed for waveguide coupling in AR NEDs, capable of achieving an achromatic effect in a nanometer-thin layer. By analyzing the influence of unit structure parameters on the phase delay of input electromagnetic waves, the optimal parameters are determined and the tandem trilayer achromatic metasurface structure is established. Simulation results show that the incident light can be deflected by 45°, 46°, and 45° at wavelengths of 440 nm ∼ 470 nm, 520 nm ∼ 550 nm, and 620 nm ∼ 660 nm, respectively. The angular deviation error of the three primary colors is maintained lower than 1° in the AR waveguide, ensuring a satisfactory achromatic effect. This design provides a new solution for developing ultra-thin and compact optical systems for full-color AR NEDs.
School and meal characteristics associated with plate waste in K-12 cafeterias in the United States
Authors: Adjapong Eunice S. , Bender Kathryn E. , Schaefer Sophia , Roe Brian E.
Published: December 2024

Food wasted in primary and secondary education institutions creates nutritional losses, financial inefficiencies, and environmental degradation. While there is some evidence of how particular interventions within schools may influence the amount of waste created, there is little recent information about typical levels of food waste generated in U.S. primary and secondary schools and how waste correlates with school and meal characteristics. We analyze data reported by more than 100 schools from 24 states as part of the World Wildlife Fund’s Food Waste Warriors project and identify how plate and beverage waste from school lunches are associated with school and meal service characteristics. We find schools that permit students to choose their own amount of milk report 76% less milk waste than those reliant upon individual milk cartons while schools that implement at least one non-curricular intervention (e.g., a table where students can share unopened food) report significantly less produce waste than other schools. We confirm several patterns observed or hypothesized in the literature, including more waste generated by younger students and during the earliest and shortest lunch periods. We document several novel associations including more plate waste at smaller schools, during winter months and in the Northeast region. We find several nuanced patterns of waste related to the prevalence of free and reduced meal service and whether all meal elements are offered versus served. While this study cannot support rigorous evaluation of intervention effectiveness, it provides insights into school and program characteristics that may pose challenges for schools interested in reducing student plate waste.
Source-free domain transfer algorithm with reduced style sensitivity for medical image segmentation
Authors: Lin Jian , Yu Xiaomin , Wang Zhengxian , Ma Chaoqiong
Published: December 2024

In unsupervised transfer learning for medical image segmentation, where existing algorithms face the challenge of error propagation due to inaccessible source domain data. In response to this scenario, source-free domain transfer algorithm with reduced style sensitivity (SFDT-RSS) is designed. SFDT-RSS initially pre-trains the source domain model by using the generalization strategy and subsequently adapts the pre-trained model to target domain without accessing source data. Then, SFDT-RSS conducts interpatch style transfer (ISS) strategy, based on self-training with Transformer architecture, to minimize the pre-trained model’s style sensitivity, enhancing its generalization capability and reducing reliance on a single image style. Simultaneously, the global perception ability of the Transformer architecture enhances semantic representation to improve style generalization effectiveness. In the domain transfer phase, the proposed algorithm utilizes a model-agnostic adaptive confidence regulation (ACR) loss to adjust the source model. Experimental results on five publicly available datasets for unsupervised cross-domain organ segmentation demonstrate that compared to existing algorithms, SFDT-RSS achieves segmentation accuracy improvements of 2.83%, 2.64%, 3.21%, 3.01%, and 3.32% respectively.
Potential role of circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA as biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective single-center study
Authors: Eboshida Natsuki , Hamada Atsuko , Higaki Mirai , Obayashi Fumitaka , Ito Nanako , Yamasaki Sachiko , Tani Ryouji , Shintani Tomoaki , Koizumi Koichi , Yanamoto Souichi
Published: December 2024

Metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma has been associated with a poor prognosis. However, sensitive and reliable tests for monitoring their occurrence are unavailable, with the exception of PET-CT. Circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA have emerged as promising biomarkers for determining treatment efficacy and as prognostic predictors in solid tumors such as breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Hence, this study aimed to determine the potential role of liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells, and cell-free DNA as biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thirteen patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma who visited our hospital between 2022 and 2023 were recruited, and plasma samples were collected from each patient preoperatively and postoperatively. We examined the relationship between the prognosis, the number of circulating tumor cells per four milliliters of peripheral blood, and the amount of cell-free DNA per milliliter of serum or the gene mutation in cell-free DNA. We observed no correlation between the number of preoperative circulating tumor cells and metastatic events. However, the number of circulating tumor cell clusters or the amount of preoperative cell-free DNA in metastatic cases was higher than that in non-metastatic cases. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, circulating tumor cell clusters or cell-free DNA levels may help inform management decisions regarding metastasis. However, further studies are required to provide a possible window for therapeutic interventions.
Implementing digital respiratory technologies for people with respiratory conditions: A protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hui Chi Yan , Condon Kathleena , Kolekar Shailesh , Roberts Nicola , Sreter Katherina Bernadette , Simons Sami O. , Figueiredo Carlos , McKeough Zoe , Salim Hani , Gawlik-Lipinski Aleksandra , Gonsard Apolline , Önal Aral Ayşe , Vanoverschelde Anna , Armstrong Matthew , Kohlbrenner Dario , Paixão Cátia , Stafler Patrick , Papadopoulou Efthymia , Rabe Adrian Paul , Mohammad Milan , Bouloukaki Izolde , Quach Shirley , Chaabouni Malek , Kaltsakas Georgios , Loveys Kate , Reier-Nilsen Tonje , Sunjaya Anthony Paulo , Robinson Paul , Pinnock Hilary , Chan Amy Hai Yan
Published: December 2024

The value of ‘data-enabled’, digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital healthcare, but guidance for implementation is lacking. Using respiratory technologies as an example, our scoping review process will capture and review the published research between 12th December 2013 to 12th December 2023. Following standard methodology (Arksey and O’Malley), we will search for studies published in ten databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, CABI Global Health, and WHO Medicus. Our search strategy will use the terms: digital health, respiratory conditions, and implementation. Using Covidence, screening of abstracts and full texts will be undertaken by two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted into a pilot-tested data extraction table for charting, summarising and reporting the results. We will conduct stakeholder meetings throughout to discuss the themes emerging from implementation studies and support interpretation of findings in the light of their experience within their own networks and organisations. The findings will inform the future work within the ERS CONNECT clinical research collaboration and contribute to policy statements to promote a harmonised framework for digital transformation of respiratory healthcare.
CAPE activates AMPK and Foxo3 signaling to induce growth inhibition and ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fang Qilu , Fang Qichuan , Cheng Rui , Feng Tingting , Xin Wenxiu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Approximately 20% of all breast cancer cases are classified as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which represents the most challenging subtype due to its poor prognosis and high metastatic rate. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the main component extracted from propolis, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity across various tumor cell types. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CAPE on TNBC.

Methods

MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with CAPE. CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation. Western blot, TUNEL and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining methods were employed to assess cell apoptosis. ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH, C11-bodipy staining, along with measurements of GPX4 and Ferritin levels, were utilized for ferroptosis detection. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to assess key regulatory molecules. The cells were subjected to treatments involving ferroptosis inhibition, AMPK inhibition, or Foxo3 inhibition, followed by CAPE administration to assess cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Tumor xenografts were used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of CAPE.

Results

CAPE not only suppressed cell proliferation but also promoted apoptosis followed by ferroptosis. Co-incubation with Fer-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) diminished CAPE’s suppressive effects on proliferation and apoptosis induction. CAPE treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and promoted the nuclear translocation of Foxo3. Inhibition of both AMPK and Foxo3 by siRNAs or inhibitors (Compc, TIC10) reversed the growth retardation induced by CAPE as well as its pro-apoptotic effects leading to ferroptosis. Specifically, AMPK inhibition abrogated the CAPE-induced nuclear translocation of Foxo3. CAPE significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice bearing TNBC xenografts.

Conclusion

CAPE possesses a resistance effect on TNBC via activation of AMPK and Foxo3 signaling pathways.
A randomized controlled trial on anonymizing reviewers to each other in peer review discussions
Authors: Rastogi Charvi , Song Xiangchen , Jin Zhijing , Stelmakh Ivan , Daumé Hal , Zhang Kun , Shah Nihar B.
Published: December 2024

Many peer-review processes involve reviewers submitting their independent reviews, followed by a discussion between the reviewers of each paper. A common question among policymakers is whether the reviewers of a paper should be anonymous to each other during the discussion. We shed light on this question by conducting a randomized controlled trial at the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 2022 conference where reviewer discussions were conducted over a typed forum. We randomly split the reviewers and papers into two conditions–one with anonymous discussions and the other with non-anonymous discussions. We also conduct an anonymous survey of all reviewers to understand their experience and opinions. We compare the two conditions in terms of the amount of discussion, influence of seniority on the final decisions, politeness, reviewers’ self-reported experiences and preferences. Overall, this experiment finds small, significant differences favoring the anonymous discussion setup based on the evaluation criteria considered in this work.
Understanding the pathways to text generation: A longitudinal study on executive functions, oral language, and transcription skills from kindergarten to first grade
Authors: Jiménez Juan E. , Balade Jennifer , García Eduardo , Chen Becky Xi
Published: December 2024

This longitudinal study explored the contribution of transcription skills, oral language abilities, and executive functions in kindergarten to written production in grade 1 among Spanish-speaking children (N = 191) through structural equation modeling (SEM). Three dimentions of written production were assessed, including productivity, quality, and syntactic complexity. Accordingly, three SEM models were tested to explore these relationships, and the estimated models for each endogenous variable demonstrated good fit. The results indicate that transcription skills and executive functions were key predictors of productivity, while both transcription and narrative oral competence contributed to writing quality. Syntactic complexity, on the other hand, was primarily influenced by narrative oral competence and executive functions. The results are interpreted within the framework of the not-so-simple view of writing model, particularly considering the characteristics of a shallow orthography. Limitations and educational implications are also discussed.
Use of interactional metadiscourse and identity construction in responses to negative online reviews of Chinese and British hotels
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Xiao Wei
Published: December 2024

In the business context, effectively responding to negative reviews is critical for a hotel to maintain reputation and customer relations. To explore the linguistic devices employed in addressing guest complaints, a corpus-based study is conducted on the use of interactional metadiscourse and identity construction in responses to negative online reviews of Chinese and British Hotels. Drawing upon the statistical results of the usage of interactional metadiscourse and the analysis of discourse examples, this study delves into the frequency and similarities/differences in the employment of five subcategories of interactional metadiscourse across the respective corpora of 100 responses to negative reviews from hotels in Beijing and hotels in London. Furthermore, the study examines the characteristics and similarities/ differences of the identity construction of manager, communicator, doer and advisor with the use of interactional metadiscourse. The findings reveal that there are significant differences between the two sides in the use of self-mentions, boosters, hedges and positive attitude markers, while there is little difference in the use of engagement markers and negative attitude markers. The most constructed identity by both sides is the communicator, and the least is the adviser, with little difference. The identity of manager is significantly more prevalent in responses from hotels in Beijing, whereas hotel responders in London exhibit a notably greater tendency to construct the identity of doer. The similarities and variances of interactional metadiscourse use and identity construction indicate the two sides’ distinctive priorities in interactions with guests and different cultural values, which provide valuable insights for hotels on the effective use of metadiscourse to construct multiple identities, revealing that the strategically crafted responses play a pivotal role in shaping favorable images, fostering harmonious relationships with customers and promoting sustainable development of the hotels.
The transmission of bovine leukemia virus to calves occurs mostly through colostrum and milk
Authors: Quadros Daniel Lazzari , Puhl Kalinka , Ribeiro Vitoria Agnoletto , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz Carlos
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Enzootic bovine leukemia is highly prevalent in most dairy farms, and strategies to reduce both vertical and horizontal transmission are being investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the rate of in utero infection, transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to calves through colostrum and milk, and the effectiveness of colostrum and milk pasteurization in reducing BLV transmission to calves.

Materials and Methods: This study included four groups of calves from seropositive and seronegative cows. Group 1: Calves from BLV-positive cows (n = 11) were fed pasteurized colostrum and milk; Group 2: Calves from BLV-negative cows (n = 9) were fed pasteurized colostrum and milk; Group 3: calves from BLV-positive cows (n = 16) were fed unpasteurized colostrum and milk; and Group 4: calves from BLV-negative cows (n = 9) were fed unpasteurized colostrum and milk. In utero infection was evaluated using blood samples collected from calves before colostrum ingestion (day 0), and BLV transmission through colostrum and/or milk was evaluated by collecting blood samples after colostrum ingestion (days 1, 7, and 30). Samples seropositive on days 0 and/or 30 were also analyzed for the presence of viral DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR).

Results: All calves born to BLV seronegative cows (Groups 2 and 4) tested negative on days 0 and 30, indicating a lack of virus transmission via tank milk. Among the calves from Group 1, we found one in utero infection, and among the nine calves serologically positive on day 30, we found four positives by nPCR. Within Group 3, we found one in utero infection, and among the 10 calves serologically positive on day 30, we found 7 also positive by nPCR.

Conclusion: The transmission of BLV through colostrum is central to the persistence of this virus in dairy cattle. Molecular detection of BLV in seropositive calves during the 1st month of life, followed by culling, may be a valuable eradication strategy.

Keywords: diagnosis, epidemiology, retrovirus, vertical transmission.
Coping with crises in entrepreneurship and effectuation
Authors: Lima Edmilson , Moreira Silva João Paulo , Lopes Rose Mary , Cunha Julio
Published: December 2024

Objective: This theoretical essay examines the processes by which crises are experienced and managed by entrepreneurs, with a particular focus on the role of effectuation. Problem: The nature, intensity, and duration of crises vary, exerting pressure on organizations and entrepreneurs. In order to respond effectively, it is necessary to develop quick, ingenious solutions that are adapted to the context of uncertainty and lack of resources. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the occurrence of crises for entrepreneurs and the strategies they employ to cope with them. Originality: The study, based on a characterization of crises and their diversity, delves more profoundly into the ways in which entrepreneurs cope with crises and the extent to which effectuation is (or fails to be) useful in such coping. It illuminates the micro and macro levels of crises and the nuances in responses to them. Social/management contributions: In addition to presenting new research conclusions, the essay proposes a research agenda for prospective publications that seek to address humanity's significant challenges.
Semaglutide-Associated Gastric Pneumatosis
Authors: Turunen Andrew M. , Coombs Reilly A. , Garg Sushil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and more recently for weight loss, often causes gastrointestinal adverse effects such as delayed gastric emptying and abdominal discomfort. Current literature has not described an associated case of gastric pneumatosis with semaglutide use. We report a 61-year-old man on semaglutide for 9 months with gastric pneumatosis. Symptoms resolved on discontinuation. Clinicians should be vigilant for significant gastrointestinal adverse effects, including pneumatosis with semaglutide use.
Tension-free thyroidectomy with medial access to the recurrent largeal nerves and thyroid vessels: methodology, results of application, advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Sleptcov I. V. , Chernikov R. A. , Novokshonov K. Yu. , Sablin I. V. , Pushkaruk A. A. , Kantaria G. V. , Tulanbaev J. T. , Farafonova U. V. , Feldsherov I. M.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite technical improvements in surgical equipment, a significant number of studies report a high incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and hypoparathyroidism. In order to reduce specific complications, we have proposed an alternative method of performing thyroidectomy — tension-free thyroidectomy (TFT) with medial access to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and parathyroid glands.

AIM: Assessing the effectiveness and safety of the TFT method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients who were treated at the Saint Petersburg State University Hospital in the period from 2020 to 2024. The study is prospective, non-randomized. Patients were recruited using the continuous sampling method. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the patient’s consent to the proposed surgical method, age over 18 years, and the absence of previous operations on the thyroid gland. Exclusion criteria included laryngeal paralysis identified before surgery and previous operations on the thyroid gland. The primary control point is the development of laryngeal paralysis. Secondary control points are the development of persistent hypoparathyroidism, the development of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia, the duration of surgery.

RESULTS: The study included 792 patients who underwent tension-free thyroidectomy/hemithyroidectomy using a medial approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. Indications for surgery were thyroid cancer (454 patients; 57.3%), follicular tumor of the thyroid gland (262; 33.1%), Graves’ disease (44; 5.6%), nodular toxic goiter (20; 2.5 %), nodular nontoxic goiter with compression of the neck organs (11; 1.4%), intrathyroid adenoma of the parathyroid gland (1; 0.1%). Postoperative hematoma developed in 2 patients (0.3%). Unilateral laryngeal paresis was noted in 16 patients (1.6% of the number of nerves at risk). Permanent laryngeal paresis was noted in 2 patients (0.2% of the number of nerves in the risk zone); all other cases of laryngeal paresis were transient. Hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in 17 cases (7.7% of the number of thyroidectomies), of which in 7 cases after thyroidectomy with central cervical lymph node dissection (7.1% of the number of thyroidectomies with central cervical lymph node dissection). In 16 (7.2%) cases, hypoparathyroidism was transient in nature, in 1 case (0.5%) it was permanent.

CONCLUSION: The technique of tension-free thyroidectomy allows for a low level of postoperative complications, such as hypoparathyroidism and dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The TFT technique can be recommended for wide clinical use.
Clinical guidelines “Congenital hypothyroidism”
Authors: Peterkova V. A. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Nagaeva E. V. , Shiryaeva T. U. , Chikulaeva O. A. , Vadina T. A. , Shreder E. V. , Bashnina E. B. , Belyashova E. U. , Bolotova N. V. , Vasyukova O. V. , Galkina G. A. , Degtyarev M. V. , Kiyaev A. V. , Konuhova M. B. , Kolodkina A. A. , Коstrova I. B. , Мalievsky O. A. , Mitkina V. B. , Petryaykina E. E. , Samsomova L. N. , Svetlova G. N. , Taranushenko T. E. , Sheremeta M. S. , Shestopalova E. A. , Chugunov I. S.
Published: December 2024

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important issue of pediatric endocrinology. Early detection of this disease and timely initiation of treatment can prevent the development of severe mental retardation. Neonatal screening for CH in Russian Federation has been conducted since 1993. Updated in 2024 clinical guidelines are the main tool of a physicians. They briefly and structurally present main information about congenital hypothyroidism, its epidemiology and modern classification, methods of diagnosis and treatment, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.
Phenotypic Features and Bone Metabolism in MEN1-related Hyperparathyroidism According to the Russian Registry of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pylina S. V. , Eremkina A. K. , Kim E. I. , Elfimova A. R. , Gorbacheva A. M. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: MEN1-related hyperparathyroidism (mPHPT) is a rare inherited form of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) that is caused by a germline mutation in the MEN1 gene. The available data on bone phenotypes in mPHPT are scarce and contradictory due to the orphan nature of the disease, the under-recognition of the disease due to the limited use of genetic screening, and the heterogeneity of the samples evaluated.

AIM: To evaluate the phenotypic features of verified MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism, including associated bone complications, according to data from Russian register of primary hyperparathyroidism

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nationwide, multicenter, non-interventional, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of bone metabolism in a group of verified mPHPT (N=86) and sporadic hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) (N=3599) in the active phase of PHPT. The main parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism were evaluated, as well as bone mineral density (BMD) using the Z-score in the lumbar spine, femur, and radius.

RESULTS: According to the Russian registry of hyperparathyroidism, patients with mPHPT have the same parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism as the sporadic form of the disease, with higher levels of total (p=0.019) and the lower level of ionized calcium (p=0.010). The prevalence of isolated bone complications (38% vs. 27%; p=0.081) and renal pathology (16% vs. 18%; p=0.086) was comparable in both groups. After exclusion of age-related factors, the bone phenotype of mPHPT is characterized by a greater frequency of BMD loss in the femur neck (p=0.009).

CONCLUSION: According to data from the Russian Registry of Hyperparathyroidism, patients with mPHPT and sPHPT are characterized by comparable deviations in the main parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, except for total and ionized calcium, as well as the frequency of bone and visceral complications. A higher frequency of BMD loss at the femoral neck was observed in the subgroup of young patients with mPHPT.
Pemetaan Jejak Pengetahuan: Sebuah Catatan Kronologis Epistemologi Islam perspektif al-Jabiri
Authors: Fazlin Hani , Hasan Hamka , N Abd. Muid
Published: December 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan yang cermat terhadap perjalanan dan perkembangan jejak pengetahuan yang telah menjadi bagian integral dari budaya penalaran dalam masyarakat Arab, yang pada gilirannya menjadi pondasi yang kuat dalam pembentukan penalaran dalam Islam secara menyeluruh. Seorang pemikir Islam yang terkenal dari wilayah Maghrib, yaitu al-Jabiri, telah mengembangkan sebuah kerangka pemikiran yang terdiri dari tiga tipologi sistem penalaran yang memengaruhi dan membentuk pengetahuan di kalangan masyarakat Arab tersebut; yakni bayan, ‘irfān, dan burḥān. Penelitian yang disajikan dalam artikel ini merupakan sebuah penelitian kualitatif yang berlandaskan pada sumber data dari penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa keberadaan ketiga sistem penalaran ini adalah hasil dari dinamika pergulatan ideologis-politis yang saling berkompetisi untuk mendominasi, daripada sekadar menjadi sesuatu yang bersifat transformatif. Epistemologi bayan dan ‘irfān hadir dalam keberagaman unsur pra-Islam yang telah meresap dan semakin berakar kuat pada masa kodifikasi dan gerakan penerjemahan. Sementara itu, epistemologi burḥān muncul pada masa kekuasaan Daulah Abbasiyah di bawah kepemimpinan al-Ma’mun, yang diinisiasi dengan tujuan untuk menekan kelompok-kelompok yang menentang negara, khususnya mereka yang berpegang teguh pada pemikiran 'irfān. Historisitas dari ketiga epistemologi ini saling bersilangan dan membentuk pola penalaran yang khas bagi bangsa Arab.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. with special emphasis on antibacterial, antioxidant and plant growth promoting potential
Authors: Sanchali Roy , Biyas Mukherjee , Nasrin Parvin , Sikha Dutta
Published: December 2024

The creation of "microbial nanotechnology" for quick and large-scale manufacturing of nanoparticles would be possible with an effective biosynthesis method. Plumbago zeylanica L. is a medicinal plant from which the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. was isolated and identified by 18S rDNA sequencing and microscopic studies. Cell filtrate of Colletotrichum sp. was employed to produce biological silver nanoparticles which acted as a reducing and stabilising agent during this process. The brown colour proved that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being produced. In characterization of AgNPs, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy revealed maximum absorption at 425 nm. From transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopic study the shape of the silver nanoparticle was found spherical with 10–30 nm diameters. The existence of elemental silver (peak) was verified by the silver signal in the energy-dispersive X?ray spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared analysis showed some major and minor shifts in the peaks of some chemical bonding. Synthesised AgNP had strong antibacterial action against pathogenic bacterial strains in 200 g/mL concentration and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, it showed the highest inhibition. The AgNP concentration of 150 g/mL demonstrated the highest competency for antioxidant capabilities while ascorbic acid was used as the reference. Also, AgNP exhibited plant growth-promoting ability as in 40 mg/L concentration; it significantly enhanced the shoot and root growth, total soluble protein, sugar, and indole acetic acid content of P. zeylanica L. This AgNP can be useful in pharmaceutical industries and agriculture as nano fertilizers for all these purposes.
Geostatistical assessment and mapping of soil spatial variability in Sirumugai, Western Ghats
Authors: Jayasuriya J , Jagadeeswaran R , Kumaraperumal R , Balaji K , Raju M
Published: December 2024

This study examines the spatial variability of soil properties and classifies the soil in the Sirumugai Reserved Forest range, located in the Western Ghats, India. A systematic soil survey and profile studies were conducted, using landforms as the basis for investigation within the study area. Horizon-wise soil samples were analysed for key soil parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium. The results revealed significant variations in soil properties across different locations, primarily influenced by elevation. The coefficient of variation for phosphorus was 0.87, while for potassium, it was 0.48. The analysis also encompassed assessments of skewness and kurtosis. pH (0.15) and phosphorus (0.75) exhibited kurtosis values close to 1, indicating relatively normal and flatter distributions. Conversely, sodium (27.10), elevation (3.91), and calcium demonstrated high kurtosis. Most soil properties were found to be right-skewed, while bulk density (0.09) was left-skewed. Geostatistical analysis in the Sirumugai Reserved Forest revealed considerable spatial variability in soil properties, particularly in EC and organic carbon. Elevation emerged as a strong influencing factor   for soil properties, coupled with soil depth and nutrient leaching, which were prominent at higher altitudes. Ordinary kriging provided accurate spatial predictions, offering valuable insights for land management and conservation strategies tailored to the region.
Harnessing the power of foliar nanofertilizers to enhance vegetable crop performance
Authors: Sweta Ranjita Pradhan , Thangamani C , Saraswathi T , Sridevi G , Poorniammal R , Kannan P , Indu Rani C
Published: December 2024

The utilization of foliar nanofertilizers in vegetable crop enhancement has garnered significant attention in recent agricultural research. This review delves into the significant role of foliar nanofertilizers in augmenting the productivity and resilience of vegetable crops. Beginning with the introduction of this concept, it elucidates the vital need for nanofertilizers in modern agriculture. This paper outlines the numerous advantages of nanofertilizers over conventional fertilizers, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize agricultural practices. It discusses various modes of nanofertilizer application, with a particular focus on their efficacy as foliar sprays. Furthermore, this review examines the intricate mechanisms underlying the foliar application of nanofertilizers, elucidating how these nanomaterials interact with plant physiology to enhance nutrient uptake and utilization. By analyzing empirical studies, it evaluates the effects of foliar nanofertilizers on vegetable growth and yield highlights their efficacy in optimizing crop performance. Additionally, this review highlights the application of foliar nanofertilizers in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses in vegetable crops and their role in improving resilience to adverse environmental conditions and pest infestations. It also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with the broader adoption of nanofertilizers, including regulatory concerns and potential environmental impacts. Finally, this article provides insights into the prospects and research directions in the field of foliar nanofertilizers, underscoring the importance of continued innovation to harness their potential for sustainable agriculture.
Prospects and challenges of drone technology in sustainable agriculture
Authors: Rishikesavan S , Kannan P , Pazhanivelan S , Kumaraperumal R , Sritharan N , Muthumanickam D , Mohamed Roshan Abu Firnass M , Venkatesh B , Surya Teja Varanasi
Published: December 2024

Drones have emerged as a viable precision agriculture technology that can help achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by enhancing sustainable farming practices, increasing food security and reducing environmental impact. This review paper aims to thoroughly examine the various applications of drone technology, including crop health monitoring, pesticide and fertilizer spraying, weed control and data-driven decision-making for farm optimization. It emphasizes the role of drones in precision spraying, promoting targeted interventions and minimizing environmental impact compared to conventional methods. Drones play a vital role in weed management and crop health assessment. The study emphasizes the relevance of data collected by drones for decision-making concerning irrigation, fertilization and overall farm management. However, using Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture faces challenges caused by batteries and their life, flight time and connectivity, particularly in remote areas. There are legal challenges whereby regulatory frameworks and restrictions are present in different regions that affect the operation of drones. With the help of continuous research and development initiatives, the challenges depicted above could be solved and the fullest potential of drones can be tapped for achieving sustainable agriculture.
Identification and in-silico analysis of phytochemicals from Phyla nodiflora (L.): Potential bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications
Authors: Seenivasan P , Palanikumar U , Thangavelu AU , Balasubramanian R
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for safer and more sustainable alternatives to chemical-based medicines has driven significant interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds, which possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. Among these, Phyla nodiflora (L.), a medicinal plant traditionally used in various remedies, has garnered attention for its potential in treating numerous ailments. However, a comprehensive understanding of the bioactive compounds in P. nodiflora and their mechanisms of action remain limited. In this context, the present study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals derived from the hexane and methanolic leaf extract of P. nodiflora. Using GC-MS analysis, 50 distinct chemical compounds were identified, from which the 10 most predominant bioactive compounds were selected for further investigation based on their known pharmacological properties. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies against key protein targets, including Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, Androgen Receptor, Cyclin A, and NKCC1. The findings revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol exhibit significant potential as drug candidates, demonstrating promising therapeutic applications for conditions such as diabetes, alopecia, cancer, and anti-diuresis. These findings provide valuable insights into the medicinal value of P. nodiflora, paving the way for further research, including in vitro and in vivo studies, to validate the efficacy of these compounds. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of plant-based drug discovery in the development of novel treatments for non-communicable diseases, thereby contributing to the growing body of research in ethnopharmacology and natural product chemistry.
Role of farm size in adopting salinity-tolerant paddy varieties: A study in coastal districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Manikandan S , Premavathi R , Kannan VS , Janaki P , Selvi RG
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the causes of salinity, farmers' preferences, and the adoption rates of salt-tolerant rice varieties with an emphasis on how farm size and socioeconomic variables impact these decisions. The study employs an ex-post facto research approach to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between farm features and the adoption of various salinity-tolerant cultivars. A total of 210 farmers were selected using snowball sampling to evaluate their adoption patterns. The results indicate that marginal farmers predominantly adopt varieties like TPS-5, TRY-3, and KKL(R)-1 due to their adaptability to small-scale farming under salinity stress. Conversely, TRY-1 is more favoured by larger farms, while small-scale farmers prefer TRY-5 as a viable salinity-tolerant option. The analysis, conducted using a One-Way ANOVA test, reveals a significant relationship between farm size and variety adoption, with socio-economic factors playing a critical role in shaping these preferences. These findings may assist policymakers and agricultural extension agencies understand the importance of providing farmers with the information, tools, and social support they require to enhance the adoption of specific varieties.
Przyczyny niegodności dziedziczenia w prawie rzymskim
Authors: Gryczyński Kamil
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza przyczyn niegodności dziedziczenia w rzymskim prawie spadkowym. Ukazano w nim charakter prawny indignitatis i postawiono tezę, że niegodność dziedziczenia w prawie rzymskim nie zawsze prowadziła do konfiskaty dóbr spadkowych przez skarb cesarski. Analizie poddane zostały różne przypadki niegodności dziedziczenia, które ujęto w siedem zestawów przyczyn: spowodowanie śmierci spadkodawcy; brak pomszczenia śmierci spadkodawcy; naruszenie swobody testowania; kwestionowanie testamentu; okazanie zmarłemu spadkodawcy braku szacunku; postępowanie sprzeczne z obowiązkami testamentowymi, prawem lub dobrymi obyczajami; zmiana woli testatora. Rzymska indignitas była instrumentem korygowania prawa spadkowego odwołującym się do sprawiedliwości. Początki niegodności wyznaczały względy etyczne. W prawie klasycznym rozszerzanie przyczyn niegodności dziedziczenia motywowano względami fiskalnymi, w prawie poklasycznym nastąpił częściowy powrót do korzeni aksjologicznych. Katalog przyczyn niegodności był bardzo szeroki, co pozwalało elastycznie reagować na niesprawiedliwość w prawie spadkowym. Zdaniem autora doświadczenie prawa rzymskiego przemawia za ustanowieniem szerokiego katalogu przyczyn niegodności we współczesnym prawie cywilnym.