bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: ESTRATÉGIA PARA FORTALECIMENTO DA APS. RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE UMA SANITARISTA
Authors: Souza Nathalia Aguiar de , Campos Amanda Cruz de Moura , Rodrigues Michelle Andreza Falcão
Published: December 2024

Este relato de experiência descreve a implementação de práticas grupais de educação em saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde, destacando sua importância no fortalecimento da atenção integral e promoção da saúde, de acordo com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. A autora, sanitarista residente, compartilha suas vivências em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Distrito Federal. A experiência permitiu a análise de diferentes abordagens, evidenciando a influência da dinâmica das equipes multiprofissionais e das características locais nos resultados das atividades. A educação em saúde se mostrou essencial para promover o autocuidado, empoderamento dos participantes e fortalecimento do vínculo entre comunidade e profissionais de saúde. Apesar dos desafios, como a baixa adesão inicial e ausência masculina, os grupos demonstraram potencial transformador, ampliando a autonomia e protagonismo dos usuários.
PENSÃO POR MORTE: GARANTIA DO MÍMINO EXISTÊNCIAL
Authors: Silva Anna Caroline da Silva da , Rocha Vanessa Santos , Miranda Mariana Barbosa
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho, produzido através de pesquisas bibliográficas, tem por finalidade estudar o instituto da Pensão por Morte, suas características e fundamentos. O objetivo central deste artigo é conceituar o surgimento da Pensão por Morte, as mudanças implementadas pela Emenda Constitucional n° 103/2019, quem pode ser beneficiário deste instituto e quais os requisitos para ser segurado. A Pensão por Morte serve como garantia do mínimo existencial para os dependentes do de cujus, para que estes não venham a ficar sem sustento ante a falta do provedor. Dessa maneira, a Seguridade Social engloba a Pensão por Morte, portanto este possui os elementos fundadores da seguridade, conceituados no Art. 194 da Constituição Federal de 1988. Consequentemente, este trabalho acadêmico terá cunho informativo esclarecedor, através do uso de doutrinas conceituadas e pesquisas recentes, para melhor compreensão do instituto da Pensão por Morte aos leitores, pois este está fundado no Princípio da Dignidade Humana, direito fundamental de todos.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN PROYEKTOR DALAM PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Gumilar Yogi , Budi Utami Fitria , Lestari Maya , Ulfah Mawaddah Fahmy
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of using projectors for teaching English in early childhood education, focusing on teachers' perceptions, the impact on student attention and understanding, and the challenges encountered. Technological advancements, particularly the use of projectors, have been shown to enhance educational experiences by making lessons more engaging and interactive. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method, interviewing 12 kindergarten teachers in Tangerang to gather insights on their experiences with projectors. Findings indicate that teachers generally view projectors positively, appreciating their ability to capture students' attention and facilitate comprehension of basic English concepts. Projectors are effective in providing clear visual content and supporting multisensory learning, but their impact is influenced by factors such as the teacher's proficiency, content relevance, and classroom environment. Challenges include limited availability of projectors, inadequate technical training, and difficulties in maintaining young children's attention. The study underscores the need for improved access to technology, better teacher training, and thoughtful integration of projectors into teaching practices. Future research should explore the long-term effects of projector use and develop best practices for their implementation in early childhood education.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PLAYDOUGH TEIRHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK GKPI TARUTUNG KOTA
Authors: Harefa Sefi Putri , Samosir Rotua , Butar Butar Mei Lastri E.F.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence the meidiia playdough teaching  is in the balance of the credibility of children aged 5-6 years of kindergarten GKPI Tarutung Kota.  The data collection tools in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample in this study is children aged 5-6 years who are divided into two groups, namely group B2 as the experimental group and group B3 as the control group. The hypothesis test in this study is a t-test using the help of the Microsoft Excel  computer program and the SPSS version 21 program. Based on the results of the Posttest test between the experimental group and the control group, there was a significant difference. The results of the experimental group and the control group normality of the sig. (2-tailed) of 0.081 and 0.666 is greater than the significance level of 0.005 and the homogeneity of the Fcal value is 0.050 will be compared with the value of Fcal with the provision of the numerator dk (n1-1; 8-1=7) and the denominator dk (n2-1; 25-24=24) which is 2.42. So it is known that Fcalung < Ftabel (0.050 < 2.42) sig. Based on the results of the t-test, the Equal Varince Assumed value is calculated > ttable (α=0.05; df= 48), namely tcal= 4.736 > ttable = 2.021 or can be seen in the significant value of Equal Varince Ascetic, which is 0.000 < 0.05. It turned out that the ttable > calculation was 4,736 > 2,021, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. This means that the teacher of the playdough is facing the balance of the creativity of children in the age of 5-6 years of GKPIi Tarutung Kota Kindergarten.
La viveza boliviana y su relación con la decadencia moral de la sociedad
Authors: Condori Cáceres René Percy , Ramos Cárdenas Obed Tatiana , Camacho López Harold Alejandro , Mejia Bohorquez Alejandro Amilcar , Aráoz Rioja Nidia Edith
Published: December 2024

La investigación aborda el fenómeno de la "viveza boliviana", un comportamiento cultural que prioriza beneficios personales mediante la transgresión de normas éticas y sociales. A través de un enfoque mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo), se estudió este fenómeno en la ciudad de Oruro, Bolivia, seleccionando una muestra de personas de 16 a 40 años en mercados, plazas y otros espacios concurridos. Se utilizaron encuestas, entrevistas y observación para recolectar datos. Los resultados revelan que el 77.8% de los encuestados percibe que la "viveza boliviana" contribuye a la pérdida de valores morales, mientras que un 55.6% la considera una parte de la identidad cultural. Factores como la falta de educación (44.4%), la cultura arraigada (33.3%) y la pobreza (11.1%) fueron identificados como causas principales de este comportamiento. Aunque negativamente visto, es comúnmente aceptado como astucia o inteligencia.  Las conclusiones subrayan que este fenómeno fomenta el individualismo y deteriora el bienestar colectivo, con efectos negativos sobre la moralidad social. A pesar de su aceptación en algunos sectores, su normalización perpetúa la crisis de valores en la sociedad orureña y boliviana. Se propone que la educación integral y el fortalecimiento de valores éticos son fundamentales para contrarrestar este problema cultural profundamente arraigado.
Heat transfer in two-zone thick-walled pipes with axial varying periodic temperature boundary condition
Authors: Ateş Ali
Published: December 2024

The combined heat transfer in thick-walled pipes is investigated by also considering axial heat conduction. The problem considers a two-zone infinite pipe. There is a constant outer wall temperature boundary condition in the upstream region of the pipe. In the downstream region, the outer wall temperature is assumed to vary periodically in the axial direction spatially. This problem, where the flow is assumed to be laminar, is solved numerically by the finite difference method. The effects of the basic parameters of wall thickness ratio, Peclet number, wall-fluid thermal conductivity coefficient ratio and wall-fluid thermal diffusivity coefficient ratio on the interface heat flux are investigated. The effects of the axial dimensionless frequency on the results are also taken into account in the studies. The results obtained are highly dependent on the parametric values. It is observed that the wall thickness ratio is more effective than the other parametric values. In addition, it can be said that the pipe wall and fluid axial conduction cause heat transfer to the upper flow region at a non-negligible scale.
Placental-origin Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Advances
Authors: Qian Min , Zhang Li , Wang Lan , Chen* Lulu
Published: December 2024

Placental-origin diseases, stemming from placental dysfunction, impact maternal and fetal health. This article reviews scientific and
clinical advancements, emphasizing molecular insights and innovative diagnostics and treatments. It notes that placental issues are associated
with signaling pathway dysregulation and epigenetic responses to environmental influences. Clinical tools like Doppler ultrasound and noninvasive DNA testing improve early disease detection. Personalized medicine, considering genetic and lifestyle elements, presents new management strategies. Challenges due to disease diversity and individual differences remain, with a call for future research to focus on biomarker
identification, environmental-genetic interactions, and interdisciplinary efforts to advance diagnostics and therapeutics.
A PROIBIÇÃO DA CONTRATUALIZAÇÃO DA HERANÇA NO BRASIL E SEUS IMPACTOS NA AUTONOMIA PRIVADA
Authors: De Mari Rocha Benicio Carvalho Ana Carolina
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo tecer algumas reflexões acerca da proibição dos pactos sucessórios no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, positivada no art. 426 do Código Civil, por meio de vertente jurídico-dogmática e tipo jurídico-compreensivo. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, analisa-se a relação entre os contratos, a autonomia privada e a propriedade privada. Na sequência, são expostos os principais argumentos utilizados para justificar a proibição dos pactos sucessórios no Brasil contrastados com as características dos contratos em geral, sobretudo aquelas relacionadas às incertezas, aos riscos e à inevitável incompletude típicas das relações contratuais. Em sequência, é feita uma comparação entre os contratos aleatórios e os pactos sucessórios, baseada no regramento dado pelo Código Civil à categoria dos contratos aleatórios. Ao final, são sintetizados os motivos que demonstram a urgência da discussão acerca dos pactos sucessórios e a necessidade de mudanças na disciplina sucessória brasileira.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE NEUROPOLÍTICA:
Authors: Sampaio José Adércio Leite , Souza Priscila Fernanda Luciano de
Published: December 2024

Pesquisas recentes em neurociências e psicologia social têm revelado que decisões humanas, incluindo aquelas no contexto político, são em grande parte influenciadas por processos inconscientes. Esses achados, agora utilizados estrategicamente em campanhas eleitorais, têm permitido a especialistas em marketing político mobilizar, de modo mais eficaz, o inconsciente dos eleitores, buscando influenciar seu apoio a candidatos específicos. O objetivo é analisar como os avanços nas neurociências e na psicologia social, aplicados ao marketing político, estão moldando o comportamento eleitoral ao influenciar processos inconscientes, e discutir as implicações éticas desse uso no contexto das escolhas democráticas. Até que ponto o uso estratégico de técnicas baseadas em processos inconscientes no marketing político pode ser considerado uma ferramenta legítima para engajamento eleitoral, sem comprometer a autonomia individual e a autenticidade das decisões em um sistema democrático? A exploração dessas técnicas representa um desafio ético significativo, pois, embora possam ser ferramentas poderosas para compreender e engajar os eleitores, há o risco de que sua aplicação ultrapasse os limites da persuasão legítima, interferindo na autonomia individual e comprometendo a autenticidade das escolhas democráticas. É crucial garantir que essas práticas respeitem os princípios éticos fundamentais e não manipulem, de maneira insidiosa, os processos de tomada de decisão dos eleitores.
EL DEBER DE MOTIVACIÓN EN EL JUICIO POR JURADOS:
Authors: Álvarez Rodrigo Ríos
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo aborda la crítica sobre la falta de motivación en los veredictos del juicio por jurados, una tendencia que ha cobrado fuerza en Europa continental y América Latina, buscando reafirmar el rol de los jueces profesionales. Influenciados por autores como Michele Taruffo y Jordi Ferrer, se examina el concepto de motivación desde una perspectiva radical y racional en la valoración de pruebas. A través de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, se analizan los casos “V.R.P, V.P.C. y otros vs. Nicaragua” y “Taxquet vs. Bélgica” para identificar el estado actual del debate sobre el deber de motivación. El objetivo es ofrecer una revisión descriptiva de las posturas jurídicas y doctrinarias, y establecer una postura sobre el alcance y contenido de dicho deber, apoyándose en los estudios de Edmundo Hendler y Andrés Harfuch.
NOVO ARQUIVAMENTO DE PROCEDIMENTOS CRIMINAIS
Authors: Souza Renee do Ó , Lins Caroline de Assis e Silva Holmes , Ribeiro Ana Flávia Assis
Published: December 2024

A nova sistemática de arquivamento dos procedimentos criminais redefine os papéis do Ministério Público (MP) e da vítima no processo penal. Este estudo analisa a abordagem do CPP, decisões do STF e a Resolução CNMP 181/2017, destacando o aumento da responsabilidade do MP e a redução da intervenção judicial no ato de arquivamento dos procedimentos investigatórios. Conclui-se que a valorização da vítima e o fortalecimento do MP, com menor participação judicial, configuram um modelo mais eficiente e justo, demandando atuação criteriosa para aprimorar a justiça penal brasileira.
L’hétérophonie « statistique » et l’oralité dans Momente et Telemusik de Karlheinz Stockhausen
Authors: Tremblay Vicky
Published: December 2024

Cet article étudie l’hétérophonie dans la théorie et les oeuvres de Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007). Il s’intéresse aux écrits et aux partitions de Stockhausen à l’aune des travaux théoriques que l’ethnomusicologue estonienne Žanna Pärtlas propose sur l’hétérophonie. Stockhausen associe cette texture à la composition dite « statistique », qui lui permet de répartir les hauteurs et les durées de façon aléatoire. Cette pratique se manifeste par la notation graphique dite qualitative et l’exécution plus libre par les interprètes de Momente, mais aussi par l’insertion d’échantillons sonores de musiques traditionnelles et extraoccidentales dans Telemusik. Il apparait que l’hétérophonie et la musique « statistique » s’intègrent plus largement dans une nouvelle forme d’oralité musicale propre au XXe siècle qui peut être qualifiée, après Paul Zumthor, d’oralité « seconde » — c’est-à-dire une oralité qui s’est développée dans un contexte d’« hégémonie de l’écriture » — et « médiatisée » par les nouveaux dispositifs électroniques.
Male rats emit aversive 44-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during prolonged Pavlovian fear conditioning
Authors: Olszyński Krzysztof Hubert , Polowy Rafał , Wardak Agnieszka Diana , Łaska Izabela Anna , Grymanowska Aneta Wiktoria , Puławski Wojciech , Gawryś Olga , Koliński Michał , Filipkowski Robert Kuba
Published: December 2024

Rats are believed to communicate their emotional state by emitting two distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations. The first is long ‘22-kHz’ vocalizations (>300 ms, <32-kHz) with constant frequency, signaling aversive states, and the second is short ‘50-kHz’ calls (<150 ms, >32 kHz), often frequency-modulated, in appetitive situations. Here, we describe aversive vocalizations emitted at a higher pitch by male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in an intensified aversive state – prolonged fear conditioning. These calls, which we named ‘44-kHz’ vocalizations, are long (>150 ms), generally at a constant frequency (usually within 35–50-kHz range) and have an overall spectrographic image similar to 22-kHz calls. Some 44-kHz vocalizations are comprised of both 22-kHz-like and 44-kHz-like elements. Furthermore, two separate clustering methods confirmed that these 44-kHz calls can be separated from other vocalizations. We observed 44-kHz calls to be associated with freezing behavior during fear conditioning training, during which they constituted up to 19.4% of all calls and most of them appeared next to each other forming uniform groups of vocalizations (bouts). We also show that some of rats’ responses to the playback of 44-kHz calls were more akin to that of aversive calls, for example, heart rate changes, whereas other responses were at an intermediate level between aversive and appetitive calls. Our results suggest that rats have a wider vocal repertoire than previously believed, and current definitions of major call types may require reevaluation. We hope that future investigations of 44-kHz calls in rat models of human diseases will contribute to expanding our understanding and therapeutic strategies related to human psychiatric conditions.
Prolonged cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage in yeast requires the maintenance of DNA damage signaling and the spindle assembly checkpoint
Authors: Zhou Felix Y , Waterman David P , Ashton Marissa , Caban-Penix Suhaily , Memisoglu Gonen , Eapen Vinay V , Haber James E
Published: December 2024

Cells evoke the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) to inhibit mitosis in the presence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to allow more time for DNA repair. In budding yeast, a single irreparable DSB is sufficient to activate the DDC and induce cell cycle arrest prior to anaphase for about 12–15 hr, after which cells ‘adapt’ to the damage by extinguishing the DDC and resuming the cell cycle. While activation of the DNA damage-dependent cell cycle arrest is well understood, how it is maintained remains unclear. To address this, we conditionally depleted key DDC proteins after the DDC was fully activated and monitored changes in the maintenance of cell cycle arrest. Degradation of Ddc2ATRIP, Rad9, Rad24, or Rad53CHK2 results in premature resumption of the cell cycle, indicating that these DDC factors are required both to establish and maintain the arrest. Dun1 is required for the establishment, but not the maintenance, of arrest, whereas Chk1 is required for prolonged maintenance but not for initial establishment of the mitotic arrest. When the cells are challenged with two persistent DSBs, they remain permanently arrested. This permanent arrest is initially dependent on the continuous presence of Ddc2, Rad9, and Rad53; however, after 15 hr these proteins become dispensable. Instead, the continued mitotic arrest is sustained by spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins Mad1, Mad2, and Bub2 but not by Bub2’s binding partner Bfa1. These data suggest that prolonged cell cycle arrest in response to 2 DSBs is achieved by a handoff from the DDC to specific components of the SAC. Furthermore, the establishment and maintenance of DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest require overlapping but different sets of factors.
Türkçe Öğrenen Uluslararası Öğrencilerde Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık ve Zihniyet Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Acar Yasemin , Meydan Ali
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Türkçe öğrenen uluslararası öğrencilerin kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları ile zihniyetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. Kültürel farklılıkları tanıma ve takdir etme becerisi olarak tanımlanan kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve dil öğrenen bireylerin zihniyet türü hedef kültür ortamında etkili bir dil öğrenimi için oldukça önemlidir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yürütülmüştür. Veriler sosyo-demografik bilgilerin yer aldığı bir Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği ve Zihniyet Teorisi Ölçeği aracılığıyla Türkiye'de üç devlet üniversitesinin Türkçe Öğretim Merkezlerinde Türkçe öğrenen uluslararası öğrencilerden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkçe öğrenen uluslararası öğrenciler arasında kültürlerarası duyarlılığın şekillenmesinde zihniyetin kritik rolüne vurgu yapmaktadır. Sabit öz teori, özellikle kültürlerarası etkileşimlere katılım ve bunlardan keyif alma açısından daha düşük kültürlerarası duyarlılık seviyeleriyle ilişkilidir. Buna karşılık, gelişim öz teorisi, daha yüksek kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeylerinin yanı sıra kültürlerarası etkileşimlere daha fazla katılım ve bunlardan daha fazla zevk alma ile bağlantılıdır. Bu ilişkiler, öğrencilerin kültürlerarası duyarlılığını artırmanın, dolayısıyla dil öğrenme çıktılarını ve Türkiye’deki kültürel ortama genel uyumlarını iyileştirmenin anahtarının uluslararası öğrencilerde gelişim öz teorisini desteklemek olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Correlation of Clinical, Radiological and Endoscopic Grading of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Paediatric Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jain Ishi , Khare Pushkar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common conditions encountered by Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons in the paediatric age group. Clinical assessment of adenoid hypertrophy is the first step, but to confirm the degree of adenoid hypertrophy, both X-ray soft-tissue neck and endoscopy are needed.

Aim: To correlate the clinical grading of adenoid hypertrophy with endoscopic and radiological findings.

Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross- sectional analytical study conducted at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 50 children aged between 4 and 15 years, who presented to the outpatient department of ENT with signs and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy, were evaluated. These children underwent clinical evaluation, followed by endoscopy and X-ray lateral view of the soft-tissue neck. Adenoid hypertrophy was graded clinically, endoscopically and radiologically. Statistical analysis was performed using Kendall’s tau correlation analysis.

Results: In the study population, the majority of children 17 (34%) were between the ages of 7 and 9 years, with a male predominance of 32 (64%). Grade-3 adenoid hypertrophy was the most common finding, observed in 21 (42%) based on clinical grading, 26 (52%) on endoscopy, and 19 (38%) on X-ray lateral view of the soft-tissue neck. There was a strong correlation between endoscopic and clinical grading (p-value=0.001), and the correlation between radiological and endoscopic grading was highly significant (p-value=0.001). Clinical grading and radiological findings also showed a significant correlation (p-value=0.002).

Conclusion: All three modalities of adenoid grading are correlated and reliable. They can be used in different combinations for grading adenoid hypertrophy and determining the management plan.
Determinants of Market Participation among Vegetable Growers in West Coast Region, The Gambia
Authors: Boye Mortala , Fatty Lamin KM , Bah Abubacarr A.
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aimed to identify factors that influencing vegetable growers' decision to participate in output market in the West Coast Region of The Gambia.
Study Design:  A cross-sectional data involving a sample of 138 vegetable producers were selected using multi-stage sampling technique.
Methodology: Data was collected through in-person interview using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and Probit model.
Results: Results from Probit model analysis show that gender, access to transportation, access to credit, belonging to a farmer association, and access to market information were the main significant factors influencing vegetable growers to participate in the output market.
Conclusion: The findings highlight that government and other stakeholders dedicated to supporting the well-being of vegetable growers need to improve the existing infrastructure, strengthen farmer organizations, and enhancing access to credit and market information.
Does Interest Rates Affect Financial Disclosure and Non-performing Loans? Evidences from Commercial Banks in Western Uganda
Authors: Muniru Sewanyina , Tom Ongesa , David Nyambane , Michael Manyange
Published: December 2024

The research examines the correlation between non-performing loans (NPLs) in Uganda's commercial banking sector and financial disclosure (FD), with attention to IR. A mixed-method study was conducted using survey data from 189 banking professionals, which contained descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) combined with Pearson correlation analysis. SmartPLS was utilized to conduct research on the role of interest rates in shaping the relationship between FD and NPMs using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This indicates that there is a small but significant positive relationship between FD and NPLs (r=0.378, p0.05), suggesting that the more financial reporting is transparent, the lower the number of NPMs become. Interest rates play a significant role in shaping this connection, with the highest connection weight between IR and NPLs (0.916). This also showed that FD and NPLs were strongly negatively associated (r=0.777, p=0.000), suggesting the need for transparent reporting to mitigate the risk of such NPOs. The findings highlight the importance of interest rate policies and financial transparency in managing NPLs, providing valuable information for banking regulators and policymakers. Additionally, A partial explanation was given for why the connection between interest rates and financial disclosure played a role in decreasing NPLs, underscoring the crucial role of transparency within finance. It provides valuable insights into the dynamics of financial disclosure and its impact on non-performing loans in the banking industry.
Brand Ambassadors, Taglines, and Jingles: Synergistic Effects on E-commerce Brand Awareness – A Case Study on Tokopedia
Authors: Erawati Sherly Hesti , Rahmawati Rina
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aims to examine the impact of brand ambassadors, taglines, and jingles on brand awareness among Tokopedia users, assessing how these marketing elements contribute to consumer recognition and recall.
Study Design: A non-causal descriptive research design was utilized to explore the relationships between the independent and dependent variables.
Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected from Tokopedia users through an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and user forums between June and August 2024.
Methodology: The study included 300 respondents, age range 17-30 years) who had made at least one purchase on Tokopedia. A structured questionnaire was employed to measure perceptions of brand ambassadors, taglines, jingles, and brand awareness. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on brand awareness.
Results: The regression analysis revealed that brand ambassadors (B = 0.45, p < 0.001), taglines (B = 0.30, p = 0.003), and jingles (B = 0.40, p < 0.001) significantly influenced brand awareness. The model explained a substantial portion of the variance in brand awareness (R² = 0.37).
Association of Seropositivity and Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Impact of Treatment With Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: Results From a Real‐World Study
Authors: Alemao Evo , Bao Ying , Weinblatt Michael E. , Shadick Nancy
Published: September 2019

Objective

Seropositivity for anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)/rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased overall mortality; however, the association between antibody titers and mortality is not well established. Investigating relationships between antibody titers and mortality may clarify their role in RA pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of antibody titers with mortality and its modification by disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

Methods

Eligible patients with established RA were identified through administrative claims data linked to laboratory results (2005–2016). Patients were categorized by positivity status for ACPA, RF, or both. Patients were further divided into groups by autoantibody titers. DMARD‐exposed patients were categorized into biologic DMARD (bDMARD) and conventional DMARD (cDMARD) subcohorts. Crude mortality rates/1,000 patient‐years and Kaplan‐Meier curves were compared between antibody categories. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and sensitivity (propensity‐matched patients) analyses were conducted.

Results

Overall, 53,849 and 79,926 patients had evaluable ACPA and RF status, respectively. For both autoantibodies, mortality rates were significantly higher in seropositive versus seronegative patients (risk increase of 48.0% and 44.0% in ACPA‐ and RF‐positive patients, respectively; P < 0.001 each). Mortality rates were greatest in patients with higher versus lower autoantibody titers (ACPA hazard ratio [HR] 1.60 [95% confidence interval (95% CI]) 1.45–1.76]; RF HR 1.78 [95% CI 1.66–1.91]). In cDMARD‐exposed patients, HRs were higher in seropositive versus seronegative cohorts; in bDMARD‐exposed patients, there was no difference in mortality by serostatus.

Conclusion

Elevated ACPA/RF titers were independently associated with increased mortality among patients with RA and persisted in patients treated with cDMARDs but not with bDMARDs.
Photo‐/Thermal‐Responsive Field‐Effect Transistor upon Blending Polymeric Semiconductor with Hexaarylbiimidazole toward Photonically Programmable and Thermally Erasable Memory Device
Authors: Liu Yidong , Yang Yizhou , Shi Dandan , Xiao Mingchao , Jiang Lang , Tian Jianwu , Zhang Guanxin , Liu Zitong , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Deqing
Published: September 2019

It is shown that the semiconducting performance of field‐effect transistors (FETs) with PDPP4T (poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐quaterthiophene)) can be reversibly tuned by UV light irradiation and thermal heating after blending with the photochromic hexaarylbiimidazole compound (p‐NO2‐HABI). A photo‐/thermal‐responsive FET with a blend thin film of PDPP4T and p‐NO2‐HABI is successfully fabricated. The transfer characteristics are altered significantly with current enhanced up to 106‐fold at VG = 0 V after UV light irradiation. However, further heating results in the recovery of the transfer curve. This approach can be extended to other semiconducting polymers such as P3HT (poly(3‐hexyl thiophene)), PBTTT (poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b] thiophene)) and PDPPDTT (poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐dithienothiophene)). It is hypothesized that TPIRs (2,4,5‐triphenylimidazolyl radicals) formed from p‐NO2‐HABI after UV light irradiation can interact with charge defects at the gate dielectric–semiconductor interface and those in the semiconducting layer to induce more hole carriers in the semiconducting channel. The application of the blend thin film of PDPP4T and p‐NO2‐HABI is further demonstrated to fabricate the photonically programmable and thermally erasable FET‐based nonvolatile memory devices that are advantageous in terms of i) high ON/OFF current ratio, ii) nondestructive reading at low electrical bias, and iii) reasonably highly stable ON‐state and OFF‐state.
Donor Polymer Can Assist Electron Transport in Bulk Heterojunction Blends with Small Energetic Offsets
Authors: Yin Hang , Ma Lik‐Kuen , Wang Yilin , Huang Jiachen , Yu Han , Zhang Jianquan , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ma Wei , So Shu Kong , Yan He
Published: September 2019

Conventional organic solar cell (OSC) systems have significant energy offsets between the donor and acceptor both at the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Because of this, in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) system, electrons typically transport in acceptors, whereas holes typically transport in donors. It is not favorable for electrons to hop back and forth between the donor and acceptor because the hopping is energetically disfavored. In such conventional OSC systems, the addition of donor polymer to acceptor films should typically reduce the electron mobility. In this study, a surprisingly large increase (up to 30×) in electron mobility is observed in an OSC blend when introducing a polymer donor into small molecular acceptor. By ruling out morphology reasons, it is shown that the donor polymer can assist the electron transport by providing “bridges” or a “shortcut” for electron transport across the domains of small molecular acceptors. This can happen because, for these systems, the LUMO offset is small. The study shows the benefits of donor‐assisted electron transport in BHJ systems with small energetic offsets. This finding could be also applied to other fields to tune the optimized charge transport property of organic materials or slush blends.
Reaction and Energy Levels at Oxide–Oxide Heterojunction Interfaces
Authors: Kung Hao‐Ting , Li Peicheng , Lee Jae‐Jin , Zhao Yongbiao , Dumont Antoine , Lu Zheng‐Hong
Published: September 2019

Oxide–oxide heterojunction interfaces (OHIs) are foundations for many applications such as transistors, optoelectronic devices, and chemical catalysis. The formation of OHIs involves complex events such as charge transfer, interfacial diffusion, and chemical reactions. These events collectively contribute to an OHI's energy structure and to its ability to perform an intended application. Here, multiple MoO3/oxide interfaces are studied at which changes in multiple oxidation states Mox+ can be easily tracked. For the formation of reactive interfaces, it is found that the primary driving force behind the reduction of MoO3 is redox reactions at the interfaces. For the nonreactive interface, the reduction of MoO3 occurs as a result of various factors such as oxygen deficiency. At these OHIs, band bending and formation of interface dipole are observed. It is discovered that the degrees of interface dipole and work function at the OHIs scale linearly as a function of the contacting oxide's work function. These findings provide the guide in designing OHIs for a specific application.
Reconfigurable Periodic Liquid Crystal Defect Array via Modulation of Electric Field
Authors: You Ra , Choi Yun‐Seok , Shin Min Jeong , Seo Min‐Kyo , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: September 2019

Topological defects in liquid crystal (LC) phases have been considered critical from the areas in topology and self‐assembly, as well as in applications such as optical vortex generation, particle manipulation system, and template for material micropatterning. An approach for generating and modulating various patterns of LC defects is presented in a single cell by varying the electrode configurations. Periodic LC defect arrays including −1 topological defect in the nematic phase can be achieved by simply adjusting crossed electrodes. Specifically, the fourfold symmetric −1 defect pattern is used as a vortex beam generator and a particle trapping agent with control either of the frequency of the applied electric field or the temperature. The approach suggested here would be beneficial to extend the use of LC patterns in lithographic tools and optoelectronic devices.
Quenching‐Resistant Polymer Carbon Dot Preserving Emission Color Consistency in Solid‐State
Authors: Kwak Byeong Eun , Yoo Hyo Jeong , Kim Do Hyun
Published: September 2019

Solid‐state luminescent carbon dot without dispersion matrices is studied to overcome aggregation‐caused quenching, but it usually shows spectral shift between solution‐ and solid‐state accompanying a dramatic decrease of fluorescence intensity, which hinders a real application. Herein, polymer carbon dot (PCD) showing solid‐state luminescence without red‐shift is synthesized by low‐temperature reaction. The PCD solution and solid have the same emission peaks at 434 nm and similar absolute quantum yields of 68.2% and 62.7%, respectively, which is uncommon feature compared to other carbon dots. The mechanism for solid‐state luminescence and emission color consistency is investigated by structural analysis of the PCD compared to carbon dot that shows red‐shift in solid‐state. The PCD is utilized into light‐emitting diode application as a phosphor, and little color change in emission without significant decrease in luminous efficacy is achieved even with high loading fraction (50 wt%), opening the possibility of real application in solid‐state lighting.
The Optical Properties and Plasmonics of Anisotropic 2D Materials
Authors: Wang Chong , Zhang Guowei , Huang Shenyang , Xie Yuangang , Yan Hugen
Published: September 2019

In the fast growing 2D materials family, anisotropic 2D materials, with their intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy, exhibit a great potential in optoelectronics. One such typical material is black phosphorus (BP), with a layer‐dependent and highly tunable bandgap. Such intrinsic anisotropy adds a new degree of freedom to the excitation, detection, and control of light. Particularly, hyperbolic plasmons with hyperbolic q‐space dispersion are predicted to exist in BP films, where highly directional propagating polaritons with divergent densities of states are hosted. Combined with a tunable electronic structure, such natural hyperbolic surfaces may enable a series of exotic applications in nanophotonics. Herein, the anisotropic optical properties and plasmons (especially hyperbolic plasmons) of BP are discussed. In addition, other possible 2D material candidates (especially anisotropic layered semimetals) for hyperbolic plasmons are examined. This review may stimulate further research interest in anisotropic 2D materials and fully unleash their potential in flatland photonics.
Growth and Characterization of Vanadium Dioxide/Niobium Doped Titanium Dioxide Heterostructures for Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: Creeden Jason A. , Madaras Scott E. , Beringer Douglas B. , Novikova Irina , Lukaszew Rosa A.
Published: September 2019

The properties of VO2/TiO2:Nb heterostructures are engineered for their potential use in ultraviolet (UV) detection and observed external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 100% in both near UV (405 nm) and UV‐C (254 nm) spectral regions. The proposed UV detection scheme is based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films epitaxially grown on niobium doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:Nb). Such VO2/TiO2:Nb heterostructure exhibits enhanced photocurrent due to cation doping engineering in a space‐charge region thus yielding favorable conditions for hole tunneling from TiO2:Nb into VO2. The heterostructure is engineered and photocurrent is optimized by varying the VO2 film thickness, reaching up to 5000% EQE for 405 nm and up to 17 000% EQE for 254 nm light, indicating that the VO2/TiO2:Nb system can be fine‐tuned for efficient UV photodetection.
Dendrite‐Free Flexible Fiber‐Shaped Zn Battery with Long Cycle Life in Water and Air
Authors: Guan Qun , Li Yongpeng , Bi Xuanxuan , Yang Jie , Zhou Jingwen , Li Xuelian , Cheng Jianli , Wang Zhuanpei , Wang Bin , Lu Jun
Published: September 2019

Fiber‐shaped aqueous rechargeable Zn batteries (FARZBs) show flexibility, good reliability, cost‐effectiveness, high energy/power densities, and high safety that have attracted increasing attention as promising energy storage devices for future wearable applications. However, the development of FARZB is limited by its poor cycling life and inferior charge–discharge performance, mainly suffering from zinc dendrite growth and increasing electrode irreversibility. In this work, dendrite‐free fiber‐shaped Zn//Co3O4 rechargeable batteries with a long cycle life tested in water and air, are obtained via tuning the surface binding energy of Zn on the anode using the zincophilic N,O‐functional carbon fiber, as well as engineering the Co3O4 cathode with a nanowire array structure. The fiber‐shaped Zn//Co3O4 full battery demonstrates remarkable long cycle life in water and air with high energy density, impressive flexibility, and excellent waterproof ability (fully immersed and charged/discharged under water for more than 33 h for 3000 cycles with capacity retention of ≈80%). The reversible electrochemical mechanisms of the FARZBs, without obvious zinc dendrite deposits and structural change of Co3O4 nanowires, are confirmed by a series of characterizations. These results demonstrate that the FARZBs are promising power sources for emerging wearable electronics.
Synergistically Tuning Water and Hydrogen Binding Abilities Over Co4N by Cr Doping for Exceptional Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yao Na , Li Peng , Zhou Zirui , Zhao Yuanmeng , Cheng Gongzhen , Chen Shengli , Luo Wei
Published: September 2019

Searching for highly efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolyte is highly desirable for the development of alkaline water splitting, but still remains a significant challenge. Herein, the rational design of Cr‐doped Co4N nanorod arrays grown on carbon cloth (Cr–Co4N/CC) that can efficiently catalyze the HER in alkaline media is reported. It displays outstanding performance, with the exceptionally small overpotential of 21 mV to obtain the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and good stability in 1.0 m KOH, which is even better than the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst, and much lower than most of the reported transition metal nitride‐based and other non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts toward the alkaline HER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results reveal that the Cr atoms not only act as oxophilic sites for boosting water adsorption and dissociation, but also modulate the electronic structure of Co4N to endow optimized hydrogen binding abilities on Co atoms, thereby leading to accelerating both the alkaline Volmer and Heyrovsky reaction kinetics. In addition, this strategy can be extended to other metals (such as Mo, Mn, and Fe) doped Co4N electrocatalysts, thus may open up a new avenue for the rational design of highly efficient transition metal nitride‐based HER catalysts and beyond.
Evaluation of Gender Differences in Ultrasound Milestone Evaluations During Emergency Medicine Residency Training: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Acuña Josie , Stolz Uwe , Stolz Lori A. , Situ‐LaCasse Elaine H. , Bell Gregory , Berkeley Ross P. , Boyd Jeremy S. , Castle David , Carmody Kristin , Fong Tiffany , Grewal Ekjot , Jones Robert , Hilberts SueLin , Kanter Carolyn , Kelley Kenneth , Leetch Stephen J. , Pazderka Philip , Shaver Erica , Stowell Jeffrey R. , Josephson Elaine B. , Theodoro Daniel , Adhikari Srikar
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Prior literature has demonstrated incongruities among faculty evaluation of male and female residents’ procedural competency during residency training. There are no known studies investigating gender differences in the assessment of procedural skills among emergency medicine (EM) residents, such as those required by ultrasound. The objective of this study was to determine if there are significant gender differences in ultrasound milestone evaluations during EM residency training.

Methods

We used a stratified, random cluster sample of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) EM residency programs to conduct a longitudinal, retrospective cohort analysis of resident ultrasound milestone evaluation data. Milestone evaluation data were collected from a total of 16 ACGME‐accredited EM residency programs representing a 4‐year period. We stratified milestone data by resident gender, date of evaluation, resident postgraduate year, and cohort (residents with the same starting date).

Results

A total of 2,554 ultrasound milestone evaluations were collected from 1,187 EM residents (750 men [62.8%] and 444 women [37.1%]) by 104 faculty members during the study period. There was no significant overall difference in mean milestone score between female and male residents [mean difference = 0.01 (95% confidence interval {CI} = −0.04 to 0.05)]. There were no significant differences between female and male residents’ mean milestone scores at the first (baseline) PGY1 evaluation (mean difference = −0.04 [95% CI = −0.09 to 0.003)] or at the final evaluation during PGY3 (mean difference = 0.02 [95% CI = −0.03 to 0.06)].

Conclusions

Despite prior studies suggesting gender bias in the evaluation of procedural competency during residency training, our study indicates that there were no significant gender‐related differences in the ultrasound milestone evaluations among EM residents within training programs throughout the United States.
From maternal tending to adolescent befriending: The adolescent transition of social support
Authors: Rodrigues Michelle A. , Sanford Summer R. , Rogers Mary P. , Lee Katharine M.N. , Wilson Meredith A. , Amos Jennifer , Hunter Carla D. , Clancy Kathryn B.H.
Published: September 2019

Attachment theory holds that parental relationships have lifelong effects on offspring social lives. The tend‐and‐befriend hypothesis posits that female friendships among humans evolved as part of a primate‐wide coping mechanism to mediate stress by relying on social support. Here we bridge developmental and evolutionary frameworks to examine adolescent girls’ perception of their reliance on female friendship for social support, how perceptions of parental relationships affect peer relationships, and the extent to which parent and peer relationships buffer depressive symptoms. We predict perceived maternal relationship quality will be positively associated with close female friendships, and maternal relationships, paternal relationships, and female friendship will buffer depressive symptoms. Participants were adolescent girls from a summer science camp (N = 95). Participants filled out demographic information, social network surveys, the Parent‐Adolescent Communication Scale, and the Center for Epidemiology Depression Scale. Data was analyzed with Pearson's correlations, t tests, and path analysis. Adolescent girls with few female friends, compared with girls who had more than two very close female friends, experienced more depressive symptoms (t = 3.382, p = .001, D = 0.784). Adolescent girls with few female friends experienced more depressive symptoms compared to girls with two or more very close female friends (t = 3.382, p = .001, D = 0.784). Stronger maternal and paternal relationships were associated with having more female friends (maternal: t = −3.213, p = .003, D = 0.837; paternal: t = −2.432; p = .017). In the path analysis model, only maternal relationship quality significantly predicted female friendship category (β = .33, CR = 2.770, p < .006). Furthermore, participants with two or more very close female friends and higher paternal relationship quality had significantly fewer depressive symptoms (friends; β = −.19, CR = −2.112, p = .035; paternal: β = −.33, CR = −3.220, p < .001), and older participants had more depressive symptoms (β = .17, CR = −1.931, p = .036). These results provide additional support for the tend‐and‐befriend hypothesis, suggesting that maternal tending sets the stage for close female friendships.