bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN SISTEM MOTIVASI PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI ERA COVID-19 SMPN SATU ATAP 4 DUSEL
Authors: Paudah
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan pendidikan saat ini dipengaruhi oleh pesatnya kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, bisa kita lihat salah satu teknologi informasi yang ikut berperan dalam dunia pendidikan adalah pembelajaran secara daring. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang pembelajaran daring di era covid-19 dan perkembangan motivasi peserta didik di SMPN Satu Atap 4 Dusun Selatan dimana pembelajaran daring ini, menggunakan media online selama wabah covid-19. Apakah pebelajaran daring di era covid-19 efektif?. Apa dampak sistem pembelajaran daring di era covid-19?. Apa motivasi yang didapat selama pembelajaran daring di era Covid-19?. Menurut isi artikel yang saya jabarkan pembelajaran daring ini kurang efektif salah satunya pembelajaran yang di tiadakan bertatap muka, peserta didik harus menggunakan media internet menggunakan (whatsapp, zoom, google meet, google clasroom, edmodo) banyak peserta didik yang kurang paham dengan pembelajaran secara daring. Ada juga dampak sistem pembelajaran daring mulai dari masalah teknis hingga soal proses pembelajaran. Seperti jaringan, biaya quota yang cukup mahal, mengoperasionalkan aplikasi (whatsapp, zoom, edmodo, google meet, google calassroom) dengan prosedur yang benar, seperti tidak menghidupkan mute (microphone) saat mendengarkan agar tidak storing, cara menampilkan PPT/dokumen, dan masih rendahnya partisipasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran daring di tengah wabah covid-19.
The `greed ́ and `nationalism ́ in vaccination against Covid-19 lead to the Tragedy of the Commons, Nash equilibrium and Giffen's goods, giving SARS-CoV-2 more opportunities to escape mutants.
Authors: de Alcañiz Javier Garcia y Garcia , López Julia Romero , RODAS VICTORIA LOPEZ , Costas Eduardo
Published: March 2021

It is possible to follow an ideal vaccination global strategy, that will reduce to the minimum the number of infected and dead by COVID-19 as well as the likelihood of an escape mutant. This ideal vaccination strategy needs of a high degree of international cooperation among different countries. International initiatives as COVAX, advocated by the WHO, try to achieve such goal. However, in the present scenario with limited number of vaccine doses, Game Theory model also predicts that they are becoming goods subject to the Tragedy of the Commons. Countries with the capability to control vaccine dose distribution will desert from the international agreements, vaccinating first to their own nationals. If such behaviour is known by other countries (as is happening now) more countries will be tempted to desert as well. Eventually it will end in a Nash equilibrium, which stops the ideal vaccination strategy. Furthermore, in poorer countries, with great difficulties to get access to vaccine doses, these will be transformed into Giffen goods. Vaccination data available to date, show that we are in a scenario where vaccine doses have transformed into goods subject to the Tragedy of the Commons, countries desert from cooperation reaching a Nash equilibrium and vaccine doses are close to become a Giffen good for the poorer countries. This dynamic will not only rise the number of infected and dead by COVID-19, but also the likelihood of an escape mutant (in the SARS-CoV-2 populations) will be increased. If, eventually, this turns out to be the new scenario new vaccines could be developed for those new escape mutant strains, going back to a very similar setting as the starting one. Most likely, the world will reach a Pareto optimality (equilibrium between desertion and cooperation) due the pressure of those who seek high levels of cooperation to attain a global vaccination strategy.
Global poverty and inequality from 1980 to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Moses Mark , Kharas Homi , Miller-Petrie Molly , Tsakalos Goli , Marczak Laurie , Hay Simon , Murray Christopher , Dieleman Joseph L
Published: March 2021

The world made remarkable progress in reducing extreme poverty over the last twenty years. Recent progress has slowed, however, and the economic damage wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic imperils progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of eradicating extreme poverty and alleviating inequality by the year 2030. To track progress towards the SDGs, we collated—to the best of our knowledge—the largest collection of poverty and inequality related data and developed novel methods to construct comprehensive and comparable estimates of poverty and inequality from 1980 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, across urban and rural settings, and by age; further, we forecast the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty out to 2021. We find that over the past four decades, the number of individuals living in extreme poverty declined dramatically, however, extreme poverty counts were rising in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era corresponded to the fastest observed reduction in extreme poverty and a period of more equitable growth. Progress made is jeopardized by the economic shock resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimates of poverty through 2021 highlight the effect of the global economic shock, the effect of governments’ economic responses to the pandemic, and the need to build economies resilient to the next global threat.
Thanks, Buddy: The Personal Aspects of Public Sex Sites
Authors: Brown Matthew Curtis
Published: March 2021

Traditional models of public sex among men continue to construct public sex sites as anonymous and impersonal. Humphreys's (1970) work established public sex sites as settings for quick, emotionally detached sex among men. According to his findings, most of the men do not identify as gay or bisexual. Recently, social historians argue that these sites provided for gay and bisexual men settings that promoted the recognition of their emerging sexual identities and communities prior to the Stonewall Riots. In this dissertation, I problematize the anonymous and impersonal assumptions of the earlier models and argue that public sex sites continue to serve gay and bisexual men by allowing these men a place to congregate with others like themselves. In face-to-face interviews with 30 gay, queer, and bisexually identified men, I ask questions that explore the interpersonal relationships that originated in public sex sites. I explore the ways that men who use public sex sites establish an ethic of caring and create a sense of community among one another. In my methods chapter, I continue the discussion addressing the role that sexual identity and “erotic subjectivity” of the researcher functions in research. Also, I address how relying on institutional review board's approval affects sexually charged research and maintains the silence surrounding sexuality.
Pengaruh DAR dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap ROA Perusahaan yang Terdaftar Di LQ45 Pada BEI
Authors: Luckieta Meiliani , Amran Ali , Alamsyah Doni Purnama
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh dari Struktur Modal (DAR) dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan (ROA) yang terdaftar di LQ45 pada BEI sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran dan pemahaman yang mendalam untuk digunakan para investor dan pelaku bisnis dalam upaya meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode verifikatif. Variabel yang digunakan adalah variabel Struktur Modal (DAR) dan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel independent, variabel profitabilitas perusahaan (ROA) sebagai variabel dependent. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan 23 perusahaan yang aktif selama periode 2013 – 2017 dan terdaftar di LQ 45 Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sedangkan Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode dokumentasi, berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah diseleksi diperoleh 23 perusahaan sebagai sampel penelitian. Sumber data berasal dari Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan yang terdaftar di LQ 45 Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013 – 2017. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana dengan Program SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan secara parsial bahwa Struktur Modal berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap Profitabilitas Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap Profitabilitas Struktur Modal dan Ukuran Perusahaan secara  bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap ProfitabilitasKata Kunci: Ukuran Perusahaan, ROA, DAR.
The Effect of Work Environment, Competence, and Motivation on Employee’s Performance in Electronic Companies in the Industrial District of Bekasi Regency
Authors: Sabil Sabil , Suhartono Suhartono , Winarno Slamet Heri , Putra Octa Pratama , Widodo Dwiyatmoko Puji
Published: March 2021

Employee performance is an important element to assess the level of success of the company is running its business. Many factors can affect employee performance, including the environment, work, competence, and employee motivation. This study aims to explore the relationship of influence between these three factors on employee performance. The sample of respondents selected were employees who worked at several electronic companies in the Bekasi Industrial Area, West Java, Indonesia. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis to test the level of influence of the variables used. The use of 183 employees who come from different characteristics, age, sex, length of work, education, and income are used to test the effect of the work environment, competence and motivation on performance. The results showed that performance was more significantly influenced by the work environment and motivation as intervening, while competence did not significantly influence performance. Motivation also directly influences performance. Companies must be able to create attractive work environments so that employees can be motivated and make optimal use of employee competency planning. This study focuses more on how the work environment, competence, and motivation affect performance both partially and simultaneously.Keywords: Work Environment, Competence, Motivation, Employee’s Performance
Capital Investment, Internasionalisasi, Dan Firm Performance Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2014-2019
Authors: Yovita Yovita
Published: March 2021

Abstrak  - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab apakah capital investment memengaruhi tingkat internasionalisasi perusahaan, serta untuk menguji efek internasionalisasi terhadap firm performance. Berbagai penelitian terkait efek dari internasionalisasi pada perusahaan telah dilakukan, salah satunya pada firm performance perusahaan yang digambarkan dengan penjualan, profit, hingga nilai perusahaan. Hasilnya pun beragam, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana dengan efek internasionalisasi pada perusahaan di Indonesia? Perusahaan yang beroperasi di negara dengan pasar terbuka tidak dapat menghindar dari internasionalisasi. Sehingga, fokus dari penelitian tertuju pada 72 perusahaan manufaktur yang secara aktif terlibat dalam aktivitas ekspor dari 2014 hingga 2019, sehingga menghasilkan 360 poin observasi. Capital investment akan diukur dengan variabel CAPEXTA, sedangkan internasionalisasi akan diukur dengan FSTS, dan perubahan level internasionalisasi diukur dengan FSG. Pengukuran efek internasionalisasi terhadap firm performance akan menggunakan ROA dan Tobin’s Q. Beberapa variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah gdp growth rate, firm size, leverage, tangible asset ratio, market-to-book ratio, gross profit margin, dan sales growth. Hipotesis terkonfirmasi menggunakan regresi data panel dengan fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan CAPEXTA dan internasionalisasi (FSTS) memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan dan non-linear. Pengaruh CAPEXTA pada FSG ditunjukkan sebagai negatif signifikan dan non-linear juga. Sedangkan FSTS dan ROA memiliki hubungan berbentuk U dan positif, di mana hubungan FSTS dan Tobin’s Q adalah positif.Kata Kunci: capital investment, internasionalisasi, foreign sales growth, firm performance, tobin’s q
CRIMINAL PROSECUTION IN THE PERSON OF A VICTIM IN CRIMINAL CASES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SOME CURRENT ISSUES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Zhdanova Yana Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The author of this study has considered some problems of legal regulation of criminal prosecution of victims in criminal cases in the Russian Federation. Taking into account the law enforcement practice of Moscow, the Moscow Region, and the Udmurt Republic, he made legislative proposals for their resolution .
Acquaintance with Digital Etiquette: Email Correspondence for Distance Learning
Authors: Kochkareva Irina Vitalevna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the rules of behaviour of communicants in the process of distance learning.
The purpose of the study is to consider the main difficulties that arise when students and teachers communicate in the virtual space, to identify their causes and ways to overcome them. The author focuses on the rules of email etiquette. The data obtained during a survey of students and teachers of the Perm State National Research University is used by the author.
The relevance of the topic raised in this article is due to the fact that at present it is an urgent need to teach students and schoolchildren the basics of digital etiquette, namely, polite communication in social networks, compliance with the etiquette of official email correspondence, etc.
The methods used for research include analysis, description, observation, comparison.
The results of the study showed that in the moving to distance learning, when students ' communication with the teacher becomes mediated, many students experience certain difficulties, because they do not know the rules of behaviour in cyberspace.
In this regard, it is concluded that teachers should include the module " Acquaintance with digital etiquette " in the course of training in order to make communication with students more effective and develop the necessary communicative competence.
Somatisms in the Structure of the Paremiological Means of the Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Zhancharbekova Sabira Zhamalbekovna
Published: March 2021

This article provides a semantic analysis of somatisms in the proverbs of Kyrgyz folklore, examines the ability of somatic units to metaphorize and convey in an allegorical form the cultural and everyday features of the life of the people. Proverbs from Kyrgyz folklore containing a somatic component were selected for analysis.
The purpose of the study is to carry out a semantic analysis of somatisms and determine their role in the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Kyrgyz language.
It is shown that the most significant somatic concepts reflect the cultural, value and worldview guidelines of the people, their centuries-old history and everyday life. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the ability of somatisms to metaphorize complex everyday, historical, and cultural concepts.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the systematic analysis of various somatic groups in the proverbs of Kyrgyz folklore (communicative, denoting the senses, etc.) has been led for the first time.
As a result, it was revealed that the image of "corporeality" is widely represented in the linguistic picture of the world of Kyrgyz speakers, somaticisms are an effective way of conceptualizing objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, as well as abstract concepts.
It is concluded that the communicative function is often conveyed in Kyrgyz proverbs using the somatism “language”; somatism “head” replaces concepts similar in meaning (“mind”, “intellect”). The functional and external characteristics of body parts are used in folklore to denote a person's role in a social group, status, age, etc. Somatisms reveal complex folk images and metaphors that make up the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Kyrgyz language.
Modern Foreign Chuvash Studies: Melinda Takács
Authors: Fomin Eduard Valentinovich
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the Hungarian section of the Chuvash studies. The aim of the work is to familiarize the scientific community with new Hungarian scientists. The author uses traditional descriptive and analytical methods practiced in scholarship. The Hungarian section is the most developed area of foreign Chuvash studies. It is due to the linguistic contacts of the Turkic languages of the Chuvash type with Hungarian, which took place in the period before the conquering of homeland by the Hungarians. Currently, Hungarian Chuvash studies are mainly represented by linguistic and musicological trends. There are works of a historical and literary plan. One of the representatives of modern scholars of the Chuvash language in Hungary is M. Takács, who asserted herself by direct translations of the works of the Chuvash fiction into Hungarian, mainly the stories of E. Lisina. She also published scholarly works based on personal experience and devoted to the problems of translation and linguistics of a literary text. Thus, a distinctive feature of M. Takács’s Chuvash studies at the moment is a departure from the problems recognized as traditional for the Hungarian Chuvash studies – language contacts. Another direction of M. Takács’s research is the study of nouns published in the book «Works related to the grammar of the Chuvash language» of 1769. Another direction of M. Takács is the study of the problems of «Works belonging to the grammar of the Chuvash language» 1769. The author comes to the conclusion that the scientific developments of M. Takac in Hungarian Chuvash studies develop the traditions of studying the literary texts of Chuvash authors in linguistic and translation aspects.
Features of Physical Training of Students to Pass the Standards of the GTO Complex for Strength
Authors: Ermakova Elena Gennadevna
Published: March 2021

The sphere of activity of students is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, they are at risk of many diseases that develop due to lack of physical activity. That is why there is a subject «physical education» in their curriculum. Educational institutions use the standards of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) to assess the physical fitness of students. This article provides information about the history of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» (GTO) and its contribution to the lives of students, characterizes and reviews the features of physical training of students of strength orientation to pass the standards of the GTO for strength, lists the reasons for choosing the complex GTO as a way to assess students and conducts research to identify the effectiveness of using strength exercises necessary for students to achieve the standards of the complex GTO for strength, in the framework of physical education.
Research Methods. Developed strength-oriented physical exercises were carried out in physical education classes, the method of a step-by-step increase in load with an individual approach, the method of control exercises and the method of comparative analysis of the first and second stages of the study.
Results of the study. With the help of the conducted experiment a significant dynamic of all the results is observed, the comparative indicators are presented in the diagram, conclusions are drawn that systematic lessons strength orientation with a gradual increase in load, with improvement of technique of correct exercise contribute to the development of the physical quality «strength».
Ethnic Self-Consciousness of Students and its Development in the Process of Studying the Discipline «Theory and Methods of Ethnocultural Education»
Authors: Kamaeva Marina Petrovna
Published: March 2021

The article examines the problems of the formation of ethnic self-awareness of university students in the process of teaching the discipline «Theory and methods of ethnocultural education».
The relevance of the study is determined by the state policy that elevates culture to the rank of national priorities and recognizes it as the most important factor in the harmonization of public relations, the guarantor of the preservation of a single cultural space and territorial integrity.
The purpose of the article is to consider the issues of content-methodological and educational plan in the formation and development of ethnic self-consciousness of students of higher educational institutions in the process of teaching the dissertation "Theory and methodology of ethno-cultural education".
The analysis of normative-legal and legislative acts in the field of culture and education, observation, and the method of generalization of pedagogical experience allowed us to identify effective forms and means of ethno-cultural education of students. The data of a sociological survey conducted before and after studying the discipline "Theory and methodology of ethno-cultural education" among students of the training direction "Folk Art Culture" of the Chuvash State Institute of Culture and Arts are presented in the article.
Based on the data obtained by such criteria as the level of formation of ethnonigilism, ethnic indifference, positive ethnic identity, ethno-egoism, ethno-isolationism, ethno-fanaticism, conclusions were drawn about the positive result of the study and recommendations were made for the development of ethnic self-knowledge of students in the course of studying the discipline "Theory and Methodology of ethno-cultural education".
Analytical Forms of the Verb as a Structural Feature of the Grammar of the Chuvash Language
Authors: Lebedev Eduard Evgenevich
Published: March 2021

The study is devoted to the consideration of the analytical forms of the verb in the Chuvash language and the issue of their inclusion in the system of grammatical categories along with synthetic forms.
The work was carried out on the material of samples of Chuvash fiction using the functional-semantic method.
The article presents a brief history of the study of this issue both in general in Turkic studies and in Chuvash linguistics. The author emphasizes that the existing undefined status of such combinations in the grammars of the Chuvash and other Turkic languages does not contribute to an adequate description of the corresponding forms and categories. Due to the fact that one of the components of analytical forms completely or partially loses its nominative meaning, while acquiring an official grammatical meaning, they have not become the subject of detailed study in the syntax section. But in morphology, they are also not studied to the proper extent due to the fact that more than one word is formally present in such combinations. The author believes that when applying the functional-semantic approach to the study of such combinations, it becomes clear that functionally these forms do not differ from synthetic forms and should be the subject of description at the morphological level.
The conclusions of the research are supported by examples of specific analytical forms and are as follows: these forms are an integral part and structural feature of the Chuvash language grammar. As a prospect for further research, we can name a detailed study of the functional and semantic component of the analytical forms of the verb and the development of their classification.
Thomas Winterberg's Danish Experiments
Authors: Krank Eduard Osvaldovich
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the work of the Danish film director T. Winterberg. The aim of the article is to study the plot originality of the stories told by T. Winterberg by methods of cinema, to understand the genre specificity of his films, highlighting the experiment as the most significant component of their artistic and mental originality. Descriptive, hermeneutic, diachronic, historical-genetic, comparative, analytical and biographical methods, used in a complex manner, allow one to come to certain conclusions. These conclusions are that T. Winterberg's cinematography relies on experiment as a way of plotting, which determines the genre character of the director's films. This is confirmed by the luck that accompanied exactly those films of T. Winterberg, which are built on Danish material, and the much less success of films created on plots that are associated with other toposes (Soviet, American, British). T. Winterberg became world famous after the release of the film "Family Celebration", made within the framework of such originally Danish phenomenon as «Dogma-95». Collation of the author's manner of T. Winterberg with the master of Danish (and world) cinema and originator of «Dogma» L. von Trier allows us to compare the ways of organizing the narrative of two famous film directors: if L. von Trier's films are based on provocation, then T. Winterberg – exactly on experiment. Being rooted on national soil, this experiment transcends ethnic narrow-mindedness itself, acquiring a universal, between-national character.
Lexico-Semantic Groups of Chuvash Hydronyms
Authors: Egorova Anna Semenovna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the lexical and semantic analysis of Chuvash hydronyms.
The purpose of the study is to classify the names of water bodies by lexical and semantic groups, to identify the main principles of the nomination of hydro-names.
The article deals with the names of rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, swamps and swampy places, the names of springs and wells. The main material for the analysis was collected by the author during field research, data from the toponymic file of the Scientific Archive of the CSUH and various cartographic sources, maps of land stored in rural administrations of the Chuvash Republic were used.
The main methods are descriptive, comparative, typological, and statistical ones.
The results of the study showed that according to the lexical and semantic classification, Chuvash hydronyms are divided into two groups: 1) hydronyms that reflect the physical and geographical properties of water bodies and their environment; 2) hydronyms that have arisen as a result of practical human activity. Most of the names of water bodies are based on a specific feature of the geographical realities themselves. Their Chuvash language can be grouped into the following subgroups: 1) names containing a significant feature of the object; 2) names indicating the ground, soil; 3) names related to the plant world; 4) names associated with the animal world; 5) names indicating the location of the water body; 6) names expressed by numerical indicators; 7) figurative and metaphorical names. Hydronyms that have arisen as a result of the practical activity of a person are divided into the following subgroups: 1) hydronyms related to the life and economic life of the population; 2) hydronyms whose meanings are related to the social life and spiritual culture of the population; 3) hydronyms derived from anthroponyms; 4) hydronyms derived from ethnonyms; 5) hydronyms derived from toponyms.
It is concluded that as a result of lexical and semantic analysis, it is possible to establish the principles of the nomination of hydronymes, to identify the physical and geographical characteristics of the area, to obtain new information about the material and spiritual culture of the Chuvash people.
Harnessing the heterogeneity of aging
Authors:   Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Ladiges Warren
Published: March 2021

Genetic variation does not entirely address the consistent divergence of healthy and unhealthy aging in heterogeneous and homogeneous mammalian populations. The alteration of gene function through modification of histone DNA infrastructure is a logical extending explanation for this divergence. Since epigenetic alterations are reversible, therapeutic interventions that target the right gene or gene products could reverse aging, at the very least in the population of older people with poor health. Keywords: Heterogeneity of aging, epigenetic alterations, reversing aging
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: A rare mesenchymal tumor presented with hypoglycemia
Authors:   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt., Ali Kamal Yasser
Published: March 2021

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare primary tumor of the pleura, originating from the mesenchymal cells. The tumor has a non-specific clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. Patients may be asymptomatic or have non-specific clinical features including chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and paraneoplastic symptoms. Complete surgical resection is indicated in all cases to avoid recurrence of the tumor. We described a 49-yearold woman who presented with unexplained right chest pain and repeated attacks of hypoglycemia, associated with pleural SFT. Keywords: Pleura; thoracic oncology; solitary fibrous tumor; paraneoplastic hypoglycemia; Doege-Potter syndrome
Opis parafii św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika w Czeladzi z 1791 roku (Fragment nieodnalezionej wizytacji dekanatu siewierskiego diecezji krakowskiej z lat 90. XVIII wieku)
Authors: Trąba Mariusz
Published: March 2021

W 1846 r. proboszczem parafii św. Stanisława w Czeladzi został mianowany ks. Wojciech Janecki. Okazało się wówczas, że parafia nie posiada aktualne­go inwentarza dóbr i praw majątkowych. W poszukiwaniu tego dokumentu zwrócono się do Konsystorza Generalnego Diecezji Krakowskiej. Pomimo poszukiwań dokumentu takiego nie odnaleziono. W archiwum Konsystorza odkryto jedynie dokument opisujący miasto Czeladź oraz parafię czeladzką sporządzony w 1791 r. Jego odpis przesłano do Konsystorza Diecezji Kra­kowskiej w Kielcach. Ten właśnie dokument jest przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania. Prawdopodobnie dokument pod nazwą Opisanie Kościoła i Parafii Mia­steczka Czeladź z 1791 r. stanowi fragment większej całości; być może wi­zytacji dekanatu siewierskiego z tego okresu. Wskazuje na to jego treść oraz struktura będąca powtórzeniem tego typu dokumentów z końca XVIII wieku, np. wizytacji sąsiedniego dekanatu bytomskiego z lat 1792-1793. Dotychcza­sowe poszukiwania w archiwach kościelnych i państwowych nie przyniosły pozytywnych rezultatów w zakresie odszukania źródeł potwierdzających prze­prowadzenie owej wizytacji. Publikowany dokument stanowi jedno z najważniejszych źródeł doty­czących dziejów Czeladzi w końcowym okresie istnienia Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej. Jego autor podaje dokładne dane dotyczące parafii oraz kościoła w Czeladzi w ostatnich latach przed zaborami. Należy podkreślić, że doku­ment ten nie został wykorzystany w dotychczasowych badaniach nad dziejami miasta Czeladzi.
Zmiany personalne w organizacji administracji i sądownictwie diecezji kujawsko-kaliskiej (1918-1925)
Authors: Wlaźlak Władysław
Published: March 2021

Problematyka zmian personalnych w administracji i sądownictwie diecezji kujawsko-kaliskiej w latach 1918-1925, była uwarunkowana kilkoma czyn­nikami. Przede wszyskim doszło do zmian w prawodawstwie kościelnym. Nowy Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego, który zaczął obowiązywać w 1918 r. od­dzielał władzę administracyjną od sądowniczej. W tymże roku biskup kujaw­sko-kaliski ustanowił Kurię Biskupią we Włocławku dla prowadzenia spraw administracyjnych, zaś dla prowadzenia spraw sądowych ustanowił Trybu­nał Generalny we Włocławsku oraz Trybunał Pomocniczy w Częstochowie i Kaliszu. W miejsce dawnego oficjalatu włocławskiego ustanowił wikariat generalny włocławski, oficjalat kaliski został wikariatem, zaś oficjalat piotr­kowski przemianował na wikariat częstochowski. We Włocławku rezydował wikariusz generalny dla całej diecezji, którym był biskup pomocniczy. Nadto w stolicy diecezji urzędował ks. S. Chodyński, któremu podlegał wikariat wło­cławski, był jednocześnie oficjałem Trybunału Włocławskiego. Wiceoficjałem tegoż Trybunału był bp W.S. Owczarek, który następnie objął urząd oficjała. Z kolei wikariuszem generalnym i wiceoficjałem w Trybunale Częstochow­skim został bp W.P. Krynicki, zaś wikariuszem generalnym i wiceoficjałem w Trybunale Kaliskim był ks. J.N. Sobczyński. Należy zauważyć, że w kurii byli zatrudnieni kanclerz, konsultorzy, radcowie, sekretarze, skarbnik, archiwa­riusz, architekci, członkowie różnych komisji, cenzorzy ksiąg religijnych i wi­zytatorzy nauki religii. Piastujący powyższe stanowiska duchowni pracowali również w sądzie, a większość z nich stanowiła elitę duchowieństwa, które było wykształcone w zagranicznych uczelniach. Władza diecezjalna doceniała ich zaangażowanie, czego wyrazem były nadawane im godności kościelne. Wielu z nich parało się pracą naukową. Ten skład obsady personalnej uległ zmianie w 1925 r., kiedy diecezja kujawsko-kaliska utraciła wikariat częstochowski na rzecz nowo utworzonej diecezji.
Der Beginn der freisingischen Herrschaft in Groß-Enzersdorf im Hinblick auf die Entstehung des kirchlichen Lebens: von den Anfängen bis zu Bischof Berthold von Wehingen
Authors: Borowski Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Gründung von Ort und Pfarre Groß-Enzersdorf (Enzersdorf im Text). Große Bedeutung erlangte dabei das Hochstift Freising mit seinen Bischöfen, die sowohl das kirchliche wie auch kommunale Leben prägten. In diesem Artikel befasst sich der Autor mit der Entstehung von Enzersdorf, beginnend mit der Schenkung Kaiser Heinrichs II. bis hin zu Bischof Berthold von Wehingen, der die Ortschaft bis heute prägt.
Parafia w Meriden i jej duszpasterze na łamach „Dziennika Chicagoskiego” w latach 1893-1920
Authors: Szymański Józef
Published: March 2021

Parafia w Meriden to najstarsza polska parafia w stanie Connecticut. Liczyła ok. 3500 wiernych. Została utworzona w 1892 r. przez ks. Antoniego Klawitera. Kolejno pełnili w niej posługę duszpasterską: ks. dr Tomasz Misicki, ks. Kazimierz Kucharski, ks. Lucjan Bójnowski, ks. Michał Miklaszewski, ks. Józef Cułkowski i ks. Jan Ceppa. Owoce ich posługi duszpasterskiej i narodowej znalazły swoje odzwierciedlenie na łamach „Dziennika Chicagoskiego”. W parafii swoją działalność prowadziły różne towarzystwa religijne, kulturalne i narodowe, mające na celu podtrzymanie polskiej świadomości na­rodowej wśród emigrantów oraz więzi ze starym krajem, a także pogłębianie życia religijnego. Obok pomocy duchowej, uroczystych nabożeństw parafia polska w Meriden dostarczyła do błękitnej armii wielu rekrutów, a także pomoc materialną staremu krajowi. Ogromną rolę odegrała parafia polska przede wszystkim w sprawach odrodzenia poczucia narodowego i odrodzenia niepodległego państwa polskiego. Więź emigrantów polskich z Kościołem poza ojczystym krajem kształtowała poczucie tożsamości religijnej i narodowej
Legal Instruments in the Development of Electromobility in the European Union, with Particular Focus on Planning Acts
Authors: Kokocińska Katarzyna Elżbieta
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses and characterizes actions undertaken for the development of electromobility as part of the incentive policy pursued by the state. In most European countries, development of the electric vehicle market is largely contingent on electromobility policies, but the measures adopted with a view to supporting it do not always yield the expected results. Effectiveness of supporting actions depends on the cooperation of entities which are responsible for development and social-economic cohesion. The situation requires a multi-level approach to the implementation of electromobility development policy, consolidation of actions of various stakeholder groups, and one common direction in the national development of the electric vehicle market. Development planning acts are the very instruments which serve to enhance the efficacy of efforts undertaken jointly by public administration bodies and foster partnership-based relations between state, regional, and local authorities and their social and economic partners.
Councillor Clubs in Communes in Poland and France
Authors: Augustyniak Monika Ewa
Published: March 2021

The article presents the legal status of councillor clubs in Poland and in France. It discusses establishment and functioning of clubs that are usually created on the basis of political criteria, in the light of a councillor’s free mandate and social control. It presents elements of club’s financing and possibility to express opinions by minority clubs in a council. The analysis of the legal status of councillor clubs leads to conclusions and determination of the direction of changes in the scope of the research concerned.

The legal status of councillor clubs corresponds to the issue of quality of democratisations of a self-governing authority. Therefore, specification of premises determining organisation and operation of councillor clubs in a municipal council is a significant regime-related issue. The problems related to functioning of the councillor clubs in the Polish and French legal orders is currently a challenge for contemporary local self-government.
The Question of Public Participation in the Procedure for Authentic Interpretation of Laws
Authors: Struić Gordan
Published: March 2021

Authentic interpretation of laws is an interpretation of legal provisions that, due to their lack of clarity or misinterpretation in their application, is provided by the parliament. Unlike the legislative procedure, which is conducted, as a rule, in two (exceptionally three) readings, a proposal for giving an authentic interpretation is discussed in one reading. Starting from the understandings of some authors that the act of authentic interpretation of laws is contrary to the principle of democratic pluralism, and that it lacks the necessary level of democratic control and citizen participation, the author examines whether the Croatian parliamentary law enables public participation in the procedure for authentic interpretation of laws and, if so, what legal instruments can be used to implement it in parliamentary practice. To this end, the paper analyzes several relevant constitutional, legal, and procedural provisions of the Croatian parliamentary law, with reference to a parliamentary practice. Given the fact that the procedure for authentic interpretation in the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Serbia is regulated in a similar way by the rules of procedure of their respective parliaments, the relevant regulations of the latter three countries on the possibility of public participation in this procedure are analyzed as well. It was concluded that Croatian parliamentary law enables public participation in the procedure for authentic interpretation, through the instruments of petition, information and involvement in working groups and working bodies, and the same instruments, with certain specifics, are recognized in the parliamentary law of the latter three countries.
Investing on the Polish Market of Condo-Hotels and Apart-Hotels – Selected Legal Issues
Authors: Badura Ewelina
Published: March 2021

The institutions of a condo-hotel and apart-hotel are not defined in Polish legislation. However, ownership issues of such facilities are not entirely outside statutory regulations. Legal diversity, the absence of an unambiguous definition and of transparent statistical data, combined with the interchangeable use of the terms “condo-hotel” and “apart-hotel” by investors and operators of such facilities may raise concerns about the proper functioning of the market for this type of investment in Poland. The risks of investing in condo-hotels and apart-hotels in Poland can be divided into several basic categories.
Environmental Management of ISO 14001 System Enforcement in EU Countries
Authors: Zębek Elżbieta Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The European Union International Organization for Standardization management system for the environment (ISO 14001) is established by European Commission Regulation 1221/2009. This legislates a voluntary system where organizations can register in a community eco-management and audit scheme. In the literature, this standard is recognized as an instrument of international environmental protection law, introduced by soft law regulations. ISO 14001 has been implemented by many global and European organizations, and it strives to improve the quality of their environmental resources.

It was considered that the ISO 14001 eco-management and audit scheme enforced protection of environment in EU countries by imposing the obligation to implement appropriate legal regulations in this area. This article aims is determine what legal solutions in chosen UE countries enable the effective implementation of ISO 14001 and what positive effects it has on the state of the environment in these countries.

The results demonstrated that the number of certified organizations is increasing despite the many difficulties and costs of implementing and organizing required environmental protection areas. The implementation of ISO 14001 was described using the example of Poland and Italy compared to other EU countries. The uptake identifies improved environmental quality, and this is confirmed by indicators of decreasing gas emissions and increasing waste recycling which improve global air, soil and water quality. The higher implementation index of the ISO 14001 standard in Italy translates into higher environmental quality indicators in this country than in Poland.
Opinia prawna na temat beneficjenta rzeczywistego w przypadku spółki kapitałowej, której jedynym (100%) udziałowcem czy akcjonariuszem jest zakon bądź jego jednostka organizacyjna (prowincja zakonna, opactwo, klasztor niezależny, dom zakonny)
Authors: Walencik Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Celem niniejszej opinii prawnej jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie: Kto jest beneficjentem rzeczywistym w przypadku spółki kapitałowej, której jedynym (100%) udziałowcem czy akcjonariuszem jest zakon bądź jego jednostka organizacyjna (prowincja zakonna, opactwo, klasztor niezależny, dom zakonny)? Przeprowadzone analizy przepisów prawa polskiego i prawa kanonicznego prowadzą do wniosku, że w przypadku spółki kapitałowej, której jedynym (100%) udziałowcem czy akcjonariuszem jest zakon bądź jego jednostka organizacyjna (prowincja zakonna, opactwo, klasztor niezależny, dom zakonny) beneficjentem rzeczywistym jest właściwy wyższy przełożony tego zakonu oraz członkowie jego rady. Osoby te spełniają przesłanki określone w art. 2 ust. 2 pkt 1 ustawy z dnia 1 marca 2018 r. o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy oraz finansowaniu terroryzmu, ponieważ stanowią one grupę osób fizycznych sprawujących bezpośrednio kontrolę nad spółką poprzez posiadane uprawnienia (zgromadzenie wspólników/walne zgromadzenie), które wynikają z okoliczności prawnych (przepisów prawa kanonicznego), umożliwiające wywieranie decydującego wpływu na czynności lub działania podejmowane przez spółkę. Jest to bowiem grupa osób fizycznych sprawujących kontrolę nad osobą prawną (zakonem bądź jego jednostką organizacyjną), któremu łącznie przysługuje prawo własności więcej niż 25% ogólnej liczby udziałów spółki i łącznie dysponującym więcej niż 25% ogólnej liczby głosów w organie stanowiącym spółki (art. 2 ust. 2 pkt 1 lit. a tiret trzecie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy oraz finansowaniu terroryzmu).
Moralność publiczna jako przesłanka ograniczania wolności zgromadzeń
Authors: Zacharczuk Piotr
Published: March 2021

Wolność zgromadzeń może podlegać ograniczeniom także z uwagi na konieczność ochrony moralności publicznej. Moralność publiczna stanowi bowiem przesłankę dopuszczalności ograniczeń tej wolności zarówno na gruncie prawa międzynarodowego, jak i prawa krajowego. Celem badawczym niniejszego opracowania jest w pierwszej kolejności ukazanie moralności publicznej jako przesłanki uzasadniającej ograniczenie wolności zgromadzeń w ujęciu unormowań międzynarodowych oraz regulacji konstytucyjnej, a następnie przeanalizowanie szczegółowych ustawowych przesłanek ingerencji w wolność zgromadzeń wchodzących w zakres moralności publicznej. Zgodnie z postanowieniami ratyfikowanych umów międzynarodowych oraz przepisami Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, do ograniczenia omawianej wolności konieczne jest obowiązywanie przewidujących to przepisów. Niektóre obecnie obowiązujące, polskie regulacje ustawowe, już określają przesłanki stanowiące podstawę ograniczenia wolności zgromadzeń z uwagi na ochronę wartości mieszczących się w moralności publicznej. Zasadne są jednak zmiany ustawowe umożliwiające w większym zakresie stosowanie ograniczeń wolności zgromadzeń z uwagi na ochronę moralności publicznej.
إصلاح القطاع الأمني في فترات الإنتقال الدستوري
Authors: Bisarya Sumit , Choudhry Sujit
Published: March 2021

إن مجالات إصلاح قطاع الأمن والدیمقراطیة والإصلاح الدستوري مترابطة ارتباطاً جوھریاً. وبالتالي یمكن أن توفر عملیة بناء الدستور فضاءاً مھماً للمفاوضات حول التغییرات في العلاقة بین المؤسسات المدنیة وقطاع الأمن. تھدف ورقة السیاسات ھذه إلى دعم المستشارین وصناع القرار في التعامل مع ھذه التحولات المعقدة. وتركز ھذه الورقة على العلاقة بین إصلاح قطاع الأمن وعملیات الإصلاح الدستوري. ورغم أنھ یُنظر عادةً إلى إصلاح القطاع الأمني ووضع الدستور على أنھما مسألتان منفصلتان، إلا أنھما عملیاً مترابطتان بشدة، ویعتمد نجاح الانتقال إلى الدیمقراطیة الدستوریة على المعالجة الناجحة لقضایا قطاع الأمن. ویتقاطع الإصلاح الدستوري وعملیات إصلاح القطاع الأمني في التحولات الدیمقراطیة من الحكم العسكري وفي الحرب الأھلیة والأنظمة السلطویة.
Strategi Kelompok Nelayan dalam Mereduksi Politik Patron Klien di Kabupaten Maros
Authors: Chalid Abdul , Manji Taufiq
Published: March 2021

Kecamatan Bontoa merupakan daerah pesisir yang sebagian besar wilayahnya dihuni oleh penduduk nelayan. Pada masyarakat ini berlaku tatanan sosial yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem kepemilikan material atau sumber daya ekonomi dari sektor kelautan yang menjadi sumber penghasilan utama mereka. Sumber daya tersebut meliputi modal dan alat tangkap yang hanya dimiliki oleh segelintir nelayan. Hal tersebut sebagai faktor utama lahirnya pembagian kerja yang berdampak pada stratifikasi sosial di dalam kehidupan masyarakat nelayan setempat. Nelayan yang tidak memiliki alat tangkap disebut sawi, bekerja pada nelayan yang memiliki alat tangkap disebut punggawa. Sistem ini telah berlangsung secara turun temurun. Terjadi hubungan timbal balik yang saling tergantung satu dengan lainnya. Akan tetapi, hubungan tersebut tidak sejajar. Punggawa memiliki posisi sebagai patron dan nelayan pekerja sebagai klien. Punggawadi Kecamatan Bontoa merupakan tokoh kuat yang pengaruhnya hampir menyamai pengaruh seorang bangsawan pada masa lalu. Dalam kegiatan elektoral pengaruh punggawa ini dimanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh aktor politik yang berkontentasi memperebutkan kursi kepala daerah. Sebagian nelayan menyadari bahwa hubungan ini tidak sehat karena menciptakan ketergantungan secara ekonomi, sosial, dan bahkan politik. Sebab itu, berusaha   menciptakan budaya demokrasi melalui kelompok nelayan.