bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAp73 is a central transcriptional regulator of airway multiciliogenesis
Authors: Nemajerova Alice , Kramer Daniela , Siller Saul S. , Herr Christian , Shomroni Orr , Pena Tonatiuh , Gallinas Suazo Cristina , Glaser Katharina , Wildung Merit , Steffen Henrik , Sriraman Anusha , Oberle Fabian , Wienken Magdalena , Hennion Magali , Vidal Ramon , Royen Bettina , Alevra Mihai , Schild Detlev , Bals Robert , Dönitz Jürgen , Riedel Dietmar , Bonn Stefan , Takemaru Ken-Ichi , Moll Ute M. , Lizé Muriel
Published: June 2016

Motile multiciliated cells (MCCs) have critical roles in respiratory health and disease and are essential for cleaning inhaled pollutants and pathogens from airways. Despite their significance for human disease, the transcriptional control that governs multiciliogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we identify TP73, a p53 homolog, as governing the program for airway multiciliogenesis. Mice with TP73 deficiency suffer from chronic respiratory tract infections due to profound defects in ciliogenesis and complete loss of mucociliary clearance. Organotypic airway cultures pinpoint TAp73 as necessary and sufficient for basal body docking, axonemal extension, and motility during the differentiation of MCC progenitors. Mechanistically, cross-species genomic analyses and complete ciliary rescue of knockout MCCs identify TAp73 as the conserved central transcriptional integrator of multiciliogenesis. TAp73 directly activates the key regulatorsFoxJ1,Rfx2,Rfx3, andmiR34bcplus nearly 50 structural and functional ciliary genes, some of which are associated with human ciliopathies. Our results position TAp73 as a novel central regulator of MCC differentiation.
Crystal structure of bis(benzoato-κO)dibutyltin(IV), nBu2Sn(bzo)2
Authors: Reuter Hans , Okio Coco K. Y. A.
Published: June 2016

The title compound, [Sn(C4H9)2(C6H5COO)2], was synthesized in order to study the interaction between di-n-butyltin(IV) oxide and some carboxylic acids. Di-n-butyltin(IV) dibenzoate, nBu2Sn(obz)2, exhibits the same structural features as other diorganotin(IV) dibenzoates characterized by an unsymmetrical bidentate bonding mode [Δ(Sn—O) ≃ 0.4 Å] of the two benzoate groups to tin. In a first approximation, the coordination sphere at tin resulting from the two stronger bonded O atoms [2.1227 (17) and 2.1405 (16) Å] and the two α-C atoms of then-butyl groups [2.125 (3) and 2.129 (2) Å] is compressed to a tetragonal disphenoid [〈(C—Sn—C) = 148.2 (1)° and 〈(O—Sn—O) = 82.01 (6)°]. This coordination sphere is expanded by the less strongly bonded two O atoms [2.507 (2) and 2.485 (2) Å] to a substantially distorted octahedron and by a weak intermolecular Sn...O interaction [2.943 (2) Å] to a pentagonal bipyramid with the formation of centrosymmetric dimers. The unbranched butyl groups adopt two different conformations:anti–gauche[torsion angles: 166.0 (2)–63.9 (4)°] andgauche–gauche[65.0 (3)–56.3 (3)°]. Intermolecular interactions between the dimers are restricted to O...H—C contacts (2.64 Å) and van der Waals interactions.
cis-Dichlorido(6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]dithiocine-κ2S,S′)palladium(II)
Authors: Bernès Sylvain , Tiburcio Jorge , Torrens Hugo
Published: June 2016

In the title compound, [PdCl2(C14H12S2)], the PdIIatom features a square-planar coordination to the two S atoms of the dithiocine ligand and two Cl−ions. The dithiocine ligand forms a pair of metallacycle rings, with seven (C4S2Pd) and five (C2S2Pd) members, respectively. The benzylic part of the molecule is oriented away from the Pd atom, as a consequence of the boat conformation adopted by the chelating ligand. The geometry for both S-donor atoms is consistent withsp3hybridization.
Short communication: reliability and validity of the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Tveter Anne Louise , Bakken Trine Lise , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Bech-Pedersen Egon , Bramness Jørgen G.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The UKU side effect rating scale for adults with intellectual disabilities (UKU-SERS-ID) was developed to detect side effects among patients with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to examine the reliability and face validity of the UKU-SERS-ID.

Design/methodology/approach

– UKU-SERS-ID comprises 35 items. In total, 22 patients with ID were included from two specialized services for adults with ID and comorbid mental illness. All patients were rated on three different occasions by three clinicians; two nurses and one medical doctor. Reliability was estimated with Cohen’s κ. A focus group discussed the face validity of the items comprising the UKU-SERS-ID.

Findings

– Respectively ten (nurse-nurse scores) and eight (nurse-doctor scores) items were considered difficult to score due to low prevalence of the symptoms. For the other items the reliability was acceptable. Through discussion in a focus group, with the reliability scores in mind, only one of the items of the UKU-SERS-ID was discarded.

Practical implications

– The authors have developed a feasible side effect instrument for clinical practice. It is easy to score and relevant regarding important side effects.

Originality/value

– The UKU-SERS-ID seems to be a feasible tool. Further investigations are mandatory in order to gain knowledge about distribution and phenomenology of side effects from psychotropic medication for individuals with ID.
Measuring waste to reduce waste in CTP
Authors: Wilson Shellyanne , Nurse Dennis
Published: June 2016

Subject area

Operations Management Quality Management.

Study level/applicability

The case can be used in a number of course contexts, including undergraduate and graduate courses in operations management and quality management.

Case overview

Central Tobacco Plant (CTP) is a tobacco processing and packaging company, operating in the Central America and Caribbean region. This case focuses on a waste measurement exercise conducted in the cigarette production department of CTP, which was commissioned by George Edwards, the Secondary Manufacturing Department Manager. The reason for the exercise was the announcement that CTP could possibly face a plant audit, where a poor result could cause the shifting of manufacturing of some products, or, in the worst case scenario, all of it product lines, to one of the larger, and more efficient manufacturing plants in the Central America and Caribbean region. The waste measurement exercise is carried out as a three-week student–industry project by two students pursuing an MSc programme at the local university, who are mentored by both Edwards and by a university supervisor. At the end of the exercise, Edwards needs to consider the appropriateness of the current waste measurement system, the quantities of waste produced and opportunities to reduce waste.

Expected learning outcomes

The case has four primary learning objectives: to illustrate the role of performance measurement in process improvement, to explore the perspective of lean manufacturing in waste management, to apply basic quality tools in the analysis of a manufacturing process and to identify opportunities for process improvement.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and Logistics
Human resource development in Mauritius: context, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , Neeliah Harris , Auckloo Raj , Ragaven Raj
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore human resource development (HRD) in Mauritius and the challenges and opportunities faced by organisations in different sectors in adopting HRD practices.

Findings

This special issue presents four papers that explore dimensions of HRD in public sector, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and tourism organisations. It also reports on human capital development in the Mauritian economy generally.

Research limitations/implications

There is a paucity of knowledge and understanding on HRD in Mauritian organisations. There is significant scope to further explore the effectiveness of national policies and interventions in enhancing HRD and human capital capability.

Practical implications

The four papers highlight the important role of organisational champions and of the selection and implantation of HRD practices that are good contextual fit and which can contribute to organisation performance.
Linking polychronicity to hotel frontline employees’ job outcomes
Authors: Daskin Mustafa
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of polychronicity on frontline employees’ (FLEs) service recovery performance, perceived role overload, and work stress in a hotel work setting.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this survey, a total number of 267 usable questionnaires were personally retrieved from a sample of full-time FLEs in the research location. The hypothesized relationships were tested using hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings

– Results based on hierarchical regression analysis reveal that polychronicity had positive impact on service recovery performance and negative impact on role overload and work stress. Significantly, while education was found to be positively related to service recovery performance, on the other hand, age, education, and job tenure were found to be negatively related to role overload and work stress.

Practical implications

– This paper provides implications for managers in terms of minimizing FLEs role overload and work stress and maximizing their service recovery performance. Also, this study provides useful guidelines to implement effective management practices and improve organizational outcomes within a hotel work setting.

Originality/value

– Theoretically, the current study by examining the untried effects and relationships such as the effect of polychronicity on FLEs’ service recovery performance and work stress lends further contribution to the tourism and hospitality management literature.
Healthcare waste management: an interpretive structural modeling approach
Authors: Thakur Vikas , Anbanandam Ramesh
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The World Health Organization identified infectious healthcare waste as a threat to the environment and human health. India’s current medical waste management system has limitations, which lead to ineffective and inefficient waste handling practices. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to: first, identify the important barriers that hinder India’s healthcare waste management (HCWM) systems; second, classify operational, tactical and strategical issues to discuss the managerial implications at different management levels; and third, define all barriers into four quadrants depending upon their driving and dependence power.

Design/methodology/approach

– India’s HCWM system barriers were identified through the literature, field surveys and brainstorming sessions. Interrelationships among all the barriers were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Fuzzy-Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) analysis was used to classify HCWM barriers into four groups.

Findings

– In total, 25 HCWM system barriers were identified and placed in 12 different ISM model hierarchy levels. Fuzzy-MICMAC analysis placed eight barriers in the second quadrant, five in third and 12 in fourth quadrant to define their relative ISM model importance.

Research limitations/implications

– The study’s main limitation is that all the barriers were identified through a field survey and barnstorming sessions conducted only in Uttarakhand, Northern State, India. The problems in implementing HCWM practices may differ with the region, hence, the current study needs to be replicated in different Indian states to define the waste disposal strategies for hospitals.

Practical implications

– The model will help hospital managers and Pollution Control Boards, to plan their resources accordingly and make policies, targeting key performance areas.

Originality/value

– The study is the first attempt to identify India’s HCWM system barriers and prioritize them.
Comparing and improving chronic illness primary care in Sweden and the USA
Authors: Øvretveit John , Ramsay Patricia , Shortell Stephen M. , Brommels Mats
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for improving primary care services for people with chronic illnesses by comparing how Sweden and US services use evidence-based practices (EBPs), including digital health technologies (DHTs).

Design/methodology/approach

– A national primary healthcare center (PHCC) heads surveys in 2012-2013 carried out in both countries in 2006.

Findings

– There are large variations between the two countries. The largest, regarding effective DHT use in primary care centers, were that few Swedish primary healthcare compared to US heads reported having reminders or prompts at the point of care (38 percent Sweden vs 84 percent USA), despite Sweden’s established electronic medical records (EMR). Swedish heads also reported 30 percent fewer centers receiving laboratory results (67 percent Sweden vs 97 percent USA). Regarding following other EBPs, 70 percent of Swedish center heads reported their physicians had easy access to diabetic patient lists compared to 14 percent in the USA. Most Swedish PHCC heads (96 percent) said they offered same day appointment compared to 36 percent in equivalent US practices.

Practical implications

– There are opportunities for improvement based on significant differences in effective practices between the countries, which demonstrates to primary care leaders that their peers elsewhere potentially provide better care for people with chronic illnesses. Some improvements are under primary care center control and can be made quickly. There is evidence that people with chronic illnesses in these two countries are suffering unnecessarily owing to primary care staff failing to provide proven EBP, which would better meet patient needs. Public finance has been invested in DHT, which are not being used to their full potential.

Originality/value

– The study shows the gaps between current and potential proven effective EBPs for services to patients with chronic conditions. Findings suggest possible explanations for differences and practical improvements by comparing the two countries. Many enhancements are low cost and the proportionate reduction in suffering and costs they bring is high.
Corporate governance: a conscious approach for Asia and emerging economies
Authors: Rajablu Mahmoud
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Asian economy in transition is facing great deal of challenges, so its corporate governance. This paper investigates the dominant corporate governance models practiced under the liberal market capitalism, cooperative capitalism, collective capitalism and the state capitalism across the continents and proposes conscious governance approach for Asia and emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores and compares Anglo-American and Continental European corporate governance models. The report further investigates the development of corporate governance across Asian publicly listed companies, state-owned enterprises, small and medium enterprises and other privately held large enterprises, and raises questions and concerns and derives conclusion.

Findings

The Asian experience of imposing Western corporate governance models is more of a simplification of tasks based on political, cultural and globalization needs rather than the regions’ economic, financial and social development reality.

Practical implications

The unique proposition of conscious corporate governance aligns corporate governance practice with Asian socio-economic transition vision and helps with further development and reforms.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the existing efforts and triggers a fresh view to the Asian and emerging economies corporate governance research and strategy.
Move over Mintzberg, let adhocracy give way to ambidexterity
Authors: Parikh Margie
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare the concepts of organizational ambidexterity, the ability of organizations to simultaneously pursue contradictory goals, and adhocracy, an organizational configuration meant to be most suitable for innovation and flexibility. It concludes that the concept of adhocracy is more useful than that of adhocracy, which has clear limitations.

Design/methodology/approach

– A review of literature involving the two concepts was conducted because initial comparison between the two showed close parallels between the two concepts – namely organizational ambidexterity and adhocracy – especially a shared orientation towards organizational effectiveness through innovation, amid dynamic and complex environment.

Findings

– Important similarities between the two concepts are that both reject the idea of “one best way” to organize. Both recommend balancing of conflicting goals. However, it appears that the contemporary environment in which organizations operate has evolved beyond the adequacy of adhocracy as a suitable archetype of effective and innovative organizations. Adhocracy suggests that pendulum-like, or iterative movement is the way to balance the contradictory goals, which is largely expected to be accomplished by the operating core and support staff. And this, too, is thought to be suitable for young and small organizations. Ambidexterity is a more comprehensive concept that includes the crux of Adhocracy, and offers a wider range of approaches and methods for balancing contradictory goals.

Originality/value

– To be fair to Mintzberg, adhocracy was an interesting concept in its time, but the organizations and their environments have moved beyond its realm of relevance and they need more than what the concept can give. Adhocracy may now move over and make space for ambidexterity.
Maximizing e-HRM outcomes: a moderated mediation path
Authors: Panos Spiros , Bellou Victoria
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– Rapid technological changes have turned electronic-human resource management (e-HRM) into a significant academic and managerial agenda. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact that different types of e-HRM goals have on distinct types of e-HRM outcomes and an explanatory mechanism, by incorporating HRM role as a mediator and IT users’ acceptance as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

– HR managers of all organizations that adopt some form of e-HRM systems in Greece were asked to participate in the study. The responses of 80 out of 167 managers were analyzed through various methods, including exploratory factor analysis, cross-tabulations, and bootstrapping.

Findings

– Evidently, regarding HRM roles and outcomes interaction, administrative experts tend to achieve primary outcomes whereas change strategists achieve transformational outcomes. Moreover, information technology (IT) users’ acceptance moderates the mediating effect of e-HRM goals on e-HRM outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

– The limited sample and the cross-sectional design of the study are its key limitations.

Practical implications

– The findings can facilitate HR manager’s effort to make the most out of e-HRM systems introduced, by stressing the influence of HR role adopted and IT users’ acceptance. Prior to e-HRM adoption, HR role and workforce must be prepared to fit, respectively, e-HRM goals and the expected outcomes. Additionally, apparently the outcomes to be realized through the adoption of e-HRM system may significantly differ in type, based on the goals set.

Originality/value

– Albeit expected e-HRM outcomes are multiple and crucial for organizations nowadays, extant evidence is scarce. The moderated mediation model indicates that e-HRM outcomes to be realized largely depend upon other HRM role and IT users’ acceptance, rather than e-HRM goals initially set.
Status, legitimacy, and the presence of outside directors in China
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Wu Han , Yao Xiaotao
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine firms’ early adoption decision regarding new practices, and what social factors – that is social status and political legitimacy – may influence decision processes under ambiguity.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study examines outside director presence among publicly listed firms in China between 1991 and 2000, using discrete time – event history analysis based on observation of 770 firms.

Findings

– Social status negatively influences early adoption decisions through the expectation of status enhancement, while political legitimacy is also influential because early adoptions are more attractive to firms in need of political access. Moreover, a firm’ political legitimacy moderates the effect of social status, due to their resource dependence on different stakeholders.

Originality/value

– This study’s findings provide important insights for research on diffusion models of new practices by identifying the social processes during early diffusion, and articulating different effects of status and legitimacy. It further emphasizes the sociopolitical perspectives and social motives of governance structure changes in emerging economies.
Managerial coaches, are they ready? The case of Malaysian telecommunications industry
Authors: Chong Chin Wei , Yuen Yee Yen , Tan Booi Chen , Zarim Zainal Abu , Hamid Norhasniza Abdul
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the key competencies managerial coaches have and examine the significant competencies that affect coaching effectiveness in the Malaysian telecommunications industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The unit of analysis was individual managerial coaches who were working in the Malaysian telecommunications industry. Among the 300 questionnaires distributed, a total of 140 were obtained and deemed sufficiently complete to be useable. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Findings

The results indicated that leadership development is the most important function of managerial coaching, followed by communication. In addition, co-creating the relationship and effective communication are the critical categories of competencies for managerial coaching. Analysis from the regression highlighted that effective communication is the influencing factor on the coaching effectiveness, followed by facilitating learning, and results. The findings also shown that all the core competencies in setting foundation are the significant influencing factors.

Research limitations/implications

Analyses relied on cross-sectional data and limits the generalizability of findings to other industries. The utilization of self-reported perceptual data may suffer from response bias.

Practical implications

This paper highlights personal or professional coaching characteristics that might affect managerial leadership development. It also provides a list of important criteria for developing effective managerial coaching to assist Malaysian managerial coaches to build a world class workforce.

Originality/value

Using International Coach Foundation competency model, this study provides an insight on the important criteria to develop and select coaching managers effectively which ultimately lead to performance improvement in the organization.
Knowledge transfer in B-O-R-N Model to enhance computer learners’ learning outcomes in knowledge and cognitive skills
Authors: Duangchant Shatchaya , Kiattikomol Paiboon , Kaewkuekool Sittichai
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The process of knowledge transfer under the B-O-R-N Model is based on the concepts of knowledge transfer and change of knowledge patterns to create new knowledge. It stimulates learners to learn under the process of knowledge transfer during the learning with an aim to allow learners to achieve the learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines learning according to the B-O-R-N manual to test the effectiveness of learners’ outcomes in the domains of knowledge and learning outcomes for cognitive skills. The teaching is provided by three teachers, and the opinions of 97 sample respondents are surveyed after learning according to the B-O-R-N Model.

Findings

The effectiveness of learning outcomes in the domains of knowledge and learning outcomes for cognitive skills of the learners who were taught by different teachers was similar: the learners’ scores exceeded the set-up criteria in all aspects. Also, the learners were satisfied with the activities in the B-O-R-N Model at the highest level, which demonstrated that the knowledge transfer during the learning activities was an important factor which affected the learning outcomes of the undergraduate computer learners effectively.

Originality/value

The knowledge management which happens during the B-O-R-N Model process is the creation of the new learning environment which allows learners to learn together and use mixed skills that can be applied in real situations. It encourages learners to have sustainable learning and the potential to develop themselves, resulting in the development of the economy and a knowledge-based society, as well as the enhancement of the country’s competitiveness.
Tourism SMEs and organizational learning in a competitive environment
Authors: Imani Khoshkhoo Mohammad Hossein , Nadalipour Zahra
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to study the impact of increasing number of competitors on the organisational learning (OL) in tourism small and medium-sized enterprises. The focus of this study is the tourism and travel agencies (TTAs) of the City of Ahvaz where the OL was studied within TTAs insofar as increasing the number of competitors is concerned. The underlying question in this paper is whether or not the increasing number of competitors affects OL in TTAs of the City of Ahvaz.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a longitudinal survey, OL was studied at individual, group and organisational levels. The research is based upon quantitative and qualitative methods. Owing to the small number of samples, in addition to questionnaire and quantitative analysis, authors made use of in-depth interviews. The first research was conducted in 2012, while the second one was done in 2014.

Findings

It was found that in 2012, with its limited number of competitors in the market, learning in these organisations was desirable at individual level and not at group or organisational levels. On the other hand, both the quantitative and qualitative methods in 2014, with the increased number of TTAs, suggested that the quality of learning were desirable in all organisational levels in that year.

Research limitations/implications

Care should be taken in generalising the results of the research to other TTAs because the size of the sample in this study was small. Moreover, structure and performance of TTAs may be different among various regions. In addition to the said limitation, it must be noted that some variables such as experience, education and gender were not consider in analysing the results of the study. Furthermore, OL in the TTAs might be affected by other variables that were not considered in this study.

Originality/value

Originality of the study is to link “OL” to the “competition”. There is not any study with special focus on OL with approaching to competition, neither in travel and tourism literature nor in OL literature, and this study can be a starting point to raise further and future research and debates.
Consensus thermotolerance ranking for 110 Symbiodinium phylotypes: an exemplar utilization of a novel iterative partial‐rank aggregation tool with broad application potential
Authors: Swain Timothy D. , Chandler John , Backman Vadim , Marcelino Luisa
Published: June 2016

Corals may reduce the effects of heat‐induced bleaching through associations with thermotolerant algal symbionts (Symbiodinium). Although hundreds of Symbiodinium genetic types (phylotypes) are known, thermotolerance has been systematically evaluated for small subsamples within individual reports, making consensus a challenging task.

Data on 110 phylotypes were aggregated from 35 reports, each assessing 2–24 phylotypes (median 4). One‐third of reports include ties (phylotypes with indistinguishable thermotolerance). Between reports, most phylotypes are unique (74% assessed once), most pairwise comparisons are unknown (relative thermotolerance for 15% of the possible 5995 phylotype pairs are evaluated) and many rankings are inconsistent (52% of 58 phylotype pairs assessed in more than one report are discordantly ranked).

Ranking of Symbiodinium phylotypes resulted in 64 thermotolerance cohorts (47 are single phylotypes, 17 contain 2–10 phylotypes with a median of 3 phylotypes) and indicates diverse thermotolerance capabilities within clades and among closely related phylotypes.

The iterative partial‐rank aggregation method (with error estimation) introduced here is broadly applicable to any quantitative consensus rank building problem where qualitative input ranks are not fully comprehensive nor resolved.

Reconstructions based on simulated data (mirroring the empirical data set) indicate robust predictive capabilities for resolving rankings (1·28 approximation of the true solution) and inferring unknown pairwise comparisons (83% correctly predicted pair rankings from only 16% known a priori).

Application to Symbiodinium phylotypes represents an additional tool to generate testable hypotheses on the role of symbiont thermotolerance in an ecosystem that is collapsing in the face of climate change and provides the first quantitative index of Symbiodinium thermotolerance and its associated uncertainty.

A Lay Summary is available for this article.
The Influence of the Degree of Rurality on EMR Adoption, by Physician Specialty
Authors: Whitacre Brian E.
Published: June 2016

Objective

To explore the influence of varying degrees of remoteness on practice‐level electronic medical record (EMR) adoption, including whether the effect differs across practice specialty.

Data Sources

Survey data on over 270,000 office‐based physician practices (representing over 1,250,000 providers) collected by SK&A information services during 2012.

Study Design

This study examined differences in EMR adoption by practices located across the nine‐category rural–urban continuum. Logistic regressions and associated marginal effects are used to assess how much a move up or down the rural–urban continuum code impacts the likelihood of EMR adoption, after controlling for characteristics likely to affect EMR adoption such as practice size and specialty.

Principal Findings

Overall practice‐level EMR adoption rates generally increase with the degree of rurality and range from 47 percent in the most urban counties to over 60 percent in the most rural. Moving from the most urban county to the most rural corresponded to a 7 percent increase in the likelihood of EMR adoption (p < .01).

Conclusions

EMR adoption rates do vary significantly across nonmetropolitan counties, and they generally increase as a practice becomes more rural. From a policy perspective, this suggests that urban practices may in fact be the lowest hanging remaining fruit for increasing EMR adoption rates.
Effect of Cooking on Isoflavones, Phenolic Acids, and Antioxidant Activity in Sprouts of Prosoy Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Chang Sam K. C.
Published: June 2016

Soy sprouts possess health benefits and is required to be cooked before consumption. The effects of cooking on the phenolic components and antioxidant properties of soy sprouts with different germination days were investigated. A food‐grade cultivar Prosoy with a high protein content was germinated for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d and cooked till palatable for 20, 20, 5, 5, and 7 min, respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), condensed tannins content (CTC), individual phenolic acids, isoflavones, DPPH, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of raw and cooked sprouts were measured. Cooking caused significant losses in phenolic content and antioxidant activities, and maximum loss was on day 3 > 5 > 7, including TPC (32%, 23%, and 15%), TFC (50%, 44%, and 20%), CTC (73%, 47%, and 12%), DPPH (31%, 15%, and 5%), FRAP (34%, 25%, and 1%), and ORAC (34%, 22%, 32%), respectively. Cooking caused significant losses in most individual phenolic acid, benzoic group, cinnamic group, total phenolic composition, individual isoflavones, and total isoflavones. The losses of phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic, syringic, chlorogenic, or sinapic acids during cooking were not compensated by the increases in trihydroxybenzoic, vanillic or coumaric acids on certain days of germination. Cooking caused minimal changes in phenolic acid composition of day 1 and 2 sprouts compared to 3, 5, and 7 d sprouts.
Variability and Trends in Runoff Efficiency in the Conterminous United States
Authors: McCabe Gregory J. , Wolock David M.
Published: June 2016

Variability and trends in water‐year runoff efficiency (RE) — computed as the ratio of water‐year runoff (streamflow per unit area) to water‐year precipitation — in the conterminous United States (CONUS) are examined for the 1951 through 2012 period. Changes in RE are analyzed using runoff and precipitation data aggregated to United States Geological Survey 8‐digit hydrologic cataloging units (HUs). Results indicate increases in RE for some regions in the north‐central CONUS and large decreases in RE for the south‐central CONUS. The increases in RE in the north‐central CONUS are explained by trends in climate, whereas the large decreases in RE in the south‐central CONUS likely are related to groundwater withdrawals from the Ogallala aquifer to support irrigated agriculture.
The Socio‐Cultural Impact of the War of American Independence on Liverpool, 1775‐83
Authors: Hill Simon
Published: June 2016

Much has been written about how the American Revolutionary War affected the British Isles. However, Liverpool (arguably the second city of empire) rarely features within such literature. This article redresses this oversight, and considers the socio‐cultural impact of the war on the town. Liverpool will illustrate three key themes: first, that, contrary to some suggestions, eighteenth‐century warfare did impact on British society; second, that both the localities and the central fiscal‐military state influenced the agenda; third, that warfare generated division and unity. This third point has important implications for our understanding of British opinion, imperial ideology and national identity c.1775‐83.
camtrapR: an R package for efficient camera trap data management
Authors: Niedballa Jürgen , Sollmann Rahel , Courtiol Alexandre , Wilting Andreas
Published: June 2016

Camera trapping is a widely applied method to study mammalian biodiversity and is still gaining popularity. It can quickly generate large amounts of data which need to be managed in an efficient and transparent way that links data acquisition with analytical tools.

We describe the free and open‐source R packagecamtrapR, a new toolbox for flexible and efficient management of data generated in camera trap‐based wildlife studies. The package implements a complete workflow for processing camera trapping data. It assists in image organization, species and individual identification, data extraction from images, tabulation and visualization of results and export of data for subsequent analyses. There is no limitation to the number of images stored in this data management system; the system is portable and compatible across operating systems.

The functions provide extensive automation to minimize data entry mistakes and, apart from species and individual identification, require minimal manual user input. Species and individual identification are performed outside the R environment, either via tags assigned in dedicated image management software or by moving images into species directories.

Input for occupancy and (spatial) capture–recapture analyses for density and abundance estimation, for example in the R packagesunmarkedorsecr, is computed in a flexible and reproducible manner. In addition, survey summary reports can be generated, spatial distributions of records can be plotted and exported togissoftware, and single‐ and two‐species activity patterns can be visualized.

camtrapRallows for streamlined and flexible camera trap data management and should be most useful to researchers and practitioners who regularly handle large amounts of camera trapping data.
Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on pre‐hospital airway management
Authors: Rehn M. , Hyldmo P. K. , Magnusson V. , Kurola J. , Kongstad P. , Rognås L. , Juvet L. K. , Sandberg M.
Published: June 2016

Background

The Scandinavian society of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine task force on pre‐hospital airway management was asked to formulate recommendations following standards for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines.

Methods

The literature was systematically reviewed and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to move from evidence to recommendations.

Results

We recommend that all emergency medical service (EMS) providers consider to: apply basic airway manoeuvres and airway adjuncts (good practice recommendation); turn unconscious non‐trauma patients into the recovery position when advanced airway management is unavailable (good practice recommendation); turn unconscious trauma patients to the lateral trauma position while maintaining spinal alignment when advanced airway management is unavailable [strong recommendation, low quality of evidence (QoE)]. We suggest that intermediately trained providers use a supraglottic airway device (SAD) or basic airway manoeuvres on patients in cardiac arrest (weak recommendation, low QoE). We recommend that advanced trained providers consider using an SAD in selected indications or as a rescue device after failed endotracheal intubation (ETI) (good practice recommendation). We recommend that ETI should only be performed by advanced trained providers (strong recommendation, low QoE). We suggest that videolaryngoscopy is considered for ETI when direct laryngoscopy fails or is expected to be difficult (weak recommendation, low QoE). We suggest that advanced trained providers apply cricothyroidotomy in ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situations (weak recommendation, low QoE).

Conclusion

This guideline for pre‐hospital airway management includes a combination of techniques applied in a stepwise fashion appropriate to patient clinical status and provider training.
Discontinuation of peri‐operative gentamicin use for indwelling urinary catheter manipulation in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Bond Stuart E. , Boutlis Craig S. , Jansen Stuart G. , Miyakis Spiros
Published: June 2016

Background

Gentamicin has historically been used prior to insertion and removal of indwelling urinary catheters (IDCs) around elective joint replacement surgery to prevent infection; however, this indication is not recognized in the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic and the paradigm for safe use of gentamicin has shifted.

Methods

The antimicrobial stewardship team of a 500 bed tertiary regional hospital performed a retrospective clinical study of gentamicin IDC prophylaxis around total hip and knee arthroplasties. Results were presented to the orthopaedic surgeons. A literature review identified no guidelines to support gentamicin prophylaxis and only a very low risk of bacteraemia associated with IDC insertion/removal in patients with established bacteriuria. Consensus was reached with the surgeons to discontinue this practice. Subsequent prospective data collection was commenced to determine effectiveness, with weekly feedback to the Department Head of Orthopaedics.

Results

Data from 137 operations pre‐intervention (6 months) were compared with 205 operations post‐intervention (12 months). The median patient age was 72 years in both groups. Following the intervention, reductions in gentamicin use were demonstrated for IDC insertion (59/137 (42%) to 4/205 (2%), P < 0.01) and removal (39/137 (28%) to 6/205 (3%), P < 0.01). No gentamicin use was observed during the final 40 weeks of the post‐intervention period. There were no significant differences between the groups for pre‐operative bacteriuria, surgical site infections or acute kidney injury.

Conclusion

A collaborative approach using quality improvement methodology can lead to an evidence‐based reappraisal of established practice. Regular rolling audits and timely feedback were useful in sustaining change.
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery – a clinical recommendation
Authors: Haahr Thor , Ersbøll Anne S. , Karlsen Mona A. , Svare Jens , Sneider Kirstine , Hee Lene , Weile Louise K. , Ziobrowska‐Bech Agnes , Østergaard Claus , Jensen Jørgen S. , Helmig Rikke B. , Uldbjerg Niels
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota with a depletion of Lactobacillus spp. In pregnancy, prevalence's between 7 and 30% have been reported depending on the study population and the definition. BV may be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD). However, it is controversial whether or not BV‐positive pregnant women will benefit from treatment to reduce the risk of sPTD. We could not identify any good‐quality guideline addressing this issue. Consequently we aimed to produce this clinical recommendation based on GRADE.

Material and methods

Systematic literature searches were conducted in the following databases: Guidelines International Network: G‐I‐N, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov from 1999 to 3 October 2014. Hence, nine guidelines, 34 reviews, 18 randomized controlled trials and 12 observational studies were included.

Results

The GRADE quality of evidence was consistently low or very low, primarily because none of the risk ratios (RR) for the risk of sPTD at <37 weeks were statistically significant. Concerning treatment with metronidazole, RR was 1.11 (95% CI 0.93–1.34) in low‐risk pregnancies and 0.96 (95% CI 0.78–1.18) in high risk pregnancies. Concerning treatment with clindamycin at any gestational age, the RR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.73–1.05).

Conclusion

This systematic review gives a strong recommendation against treatment with metronidazole and a weak recommendation against treatment with clindamycin to reduce the sPTD rate in both high‐risk and low‐risk pregnancies with BV.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation among alternatives for fertility preservation in the Nordic countries – compilation of 20 years of multicenter experience
Authors: Rodriguez‐Wallberg Kenny A. , Tanbo Tom , Tinkanen Helena , Thurin‐Kjellberg Ann , Nedstrand Elizabeth , Kitlinski Margareta Laczna , Macklon Kirsten T. , Ernst Erik , Fedder Jens , Tiitinen Aila , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Einarsson Snorri , Jokimaa Varpu , Hippeläinen Maritta , Lood Mikael , Gudmundsson Johannes , Olofsson Jan I. , Andersen Claus Yding
Published: June 2016

Introduction

The aim of this study is to report the current status of ovarian tissue cryopreservation among alternatives for fertility preservation in the Nordic countries.

Material and methods

A questionnaire was sent to 14 Nordic academic reproductive centers with established fertility preservation programs. It covered fertility preservation cases performed up to December 2014, standard procedures for ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation and reproductive outcomes following ovarian tissue transplantation.

Results

Among the Nordic countries, Denmark and Norway practice ovarian tissue cryopreservation as a clinical treatment (822 and 164 cases, respectively) and their programs are centralized. In Sweden (457 cases), ovarian tissue cryopreservation is practiced at five of six centers and in Finland at all five centers (145 cases). Nearly all considered ovarian tissue cryopreservation to be experimental. In Iceland, embryo cryopreservation is the only option for fertility preservation. Most centers use slow‐freezing methods for ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Most patients selected for ovarian tissue cryopreservation were newly diagnosed with cancer and the tissue was predominantly retrieved laparoscopically by unilateral oophorectomy. Only minor complications were reported. In total, 46 women have undergone ovarian tissue transplantation aiming at recovering fertility, 17 healthy children have been born and several additional pregnancies are currently ongoing. Whenever patients’ clinical condition is permissive, oocyte cryopreservation after hormonal stimulation is preferred for fertility preservation. Between 2012 and 2014, a smaller proportion of females have undergone fertility preservation in the Nordic centers, in comparison to males (1:3).

Conclusions

Overall, ovarian tissue cryopreservation was reported to be safe. Slow freezing methods are still preferred. Promising results of recovery of fertility have been reported in Nordic countries that have initiated ovarian tissue transplantation procedures.
Cataract surgery in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Kessel Line , Koefoed Theil Pernille , Lykke Sørensen Torben , Munch Inger Christine
Published: June 2016

Purpose

To examine the outcome after cataract surgery in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in routine clinical practice.

Methods

We extracted information about patients recorded in electronic databases managing anti‐VEGF injections and cataract surgery. We compared Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity and frequency of anti‐VEGF injections before and after cataract surgery.

Results

We identified 89 eyes from 89 patients who had cataract surgery after being treated with a median of 10 (range 3–36) anti‐VEGF injections for neovascular AMD. Visual acuity improved by a mean of 7.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–9.6] ETDRS letters in the first 6 months after cataract surgery. The need of anti‐VEGF injections did not change after cataract surgery with an average of 1.5 in the 6 months before surgery versus 1.7 in the 6 months after surgery (p = 0.25). Visual improvement was greater in patients when the time from latest injection to cataract surgery was lower.

Conclusions

Cataract surgery improves vision in patients undergoing treatment for neovascular AMD. Cataract surgery was not associated with an increased need for anti‐VEGF treatment and patients who were in active anti‐VEGF treatment had better visual outcomes than patients who had cataract surgery after long injection‐free periods.