bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Biocatalytic System for the Enzymatic Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Podolean Iunia , Tudorache Madalina
Published: September 2024

The present study is integrated in a global effort to capitalize waste cooking oil (WCO) into versatile compounds by introducing an oxirane ring into the unsaturated carbon chain of fatty acid residues (the epoxidation of double bound). Therefore, an enzymatic method was set up for the epoxidation of artificially adulterated WCO (SFw) and WCO under real conditions (SFr) derived from sunflower biomass. Commercial lipase (Novozyme, NZ) was used as a biocatalyst for generating the peracid requested by the epoxidation pathway. Optimum experimental conditions (e.g., 1.5 wt% NZ, 1:1:0.5 = H2O2/double bonds/peracid precursor (molar ratio) and 12 h reaction time) allowed for the conversion of 90% of the SFw substrate into products with an oxirane ring. Octanoic acid was selected as the best peracid precursor. The versatility of the developed system was tested for olive, milk thistle, hemp and linseed oils as both fresh and WCO samples. The characterization of the oil samples before and after the enzymatic epoxidation allowed for the evaluation of the system performance. SFw/SFr exhibited a better susceptibility to enzymatic epoxidation. In addition, the reusability of the biocatalytic system was investigated. Furthermore, different strategies, such as biocatalyst coating and the addition of organic solvents/buffers were applied, limiting enzyme leaching, for the better recovery of the biocatalyst activity.
Research Progress on Rolling Forming of Tungsten Alloy
Authors: Cao Jun , Xia Jie , Shen Xiaoyu , Song Kexing , Zhou Yanjun , Cui Chengqiang
Published: September 2024

Tungsten is a metal with many unique characteristics, such as a high melting point, high hardness, high chemical stability, etc. It is widely used in high-end manufacturing, new energy, the defense industry, and other fields. However, tungsten also has room-temperature brittleness, recrystallization brittleness, and other shortcomings due to the adjustment of the composition and organizational structure, such as the addition of alloying elements, adjusting the phase ratio, the use of heat treatment and deformation strengthening, etc. Its performance can be improved to meet the requirements for use in different fields. At present, the main production method of tungsten alloy is powder metallurgy. The use of a rolling open billet rotary forging–stretching process can improve production efficiency and product quality, but in actual production, due to the combined effects of various factors, such as elastic deformation of rolling elements, plastic deformation of the rolled material, etc., the mechanical properties of tungsten plates and bars are often difficult to control effectively, seriously affecting rolling stability and production efficiency. For this reason, researchers have conducted extensive and deep research and optimization on the rolling process of tungsten alloys, including establishing mathematical models, performing numerical simulations, optimizing process parameters, etc., providing important references for the rolling and forming of tungsten alloys. Meanwhile, the material properties are greatly influenced by the microstructure, and the evolution of the microstructure can be well quantified by some advanced characterization techniques, such as SEM, TEM, EBSD, etc., so that certain properties of tungsten can be obtained by controlling the texture evolution. In conclusion, this paper comprehensively summarizes the research progress of tungsten alloy roll forming and provides an important reference for further improving the processing performance and production efficiency of tungsten alloy.
Microstructural Stability of IN625 Reinforced by the Addition of TiC Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion after Prolonged Thermal Exposure
Authors: Lerda Serena , Marchese Giulio , Bassini Emilio , Lombardi Mariangela , Ugues Daniele , Fino Paolo , Biamino Sara
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with the development and characterization of an Inconel 625 (IN625) reinforced with 2 wt.% of sub-micrometrical TiC particles produced by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. IN625 and IN625 2 wt.% TiC microstructural evolution was evaluated in the as-built, solution-annealed (2 h at 1150 °C), and prolonged heat-treated (2 h at 1150 °C + 100 h at 1000 °C) conditions. The IN625 and IN625 + TiC samples were successfully produced with low residual porosity (<0.15%). In the as-built conditions, both materials developed mainly columnar grains elongated to the building direction with melt pools, fine dendric structures, and small fractions of recrystallized grains. Some TiC segregations were observed in the composite, preferentially located at the melt pool boundaries. The heat treatments led to a different microstructural evolution between the base alloy and the composite. After solution annealing, the IN625 alloy was subjected to full recrystallization with a drastic reduction in hardness. Afterward, the prolonged thermal exposures for 100 h at 1000 °C provoked the formation of carbides, increasing the hardness. On the contrary, the composite retained the as-built microstructure with columnar grains in the solution-annealed and prolonged heat-treated conditions, revealing a limited formation and growth of carbides, thus resulting in a reduced hardness variation. The addition of TiC inside the IN625 enhanced the microstructural stability of the composite, preventing the recrystallization and the growth of phases occurring under prolonged thermal exposures. The current study therefore reported the effect of TiC particles on the microstructural stabilization of LPBFed IN625, with a peculiar focus on the prolonged thermal exposure at 1000 °C.
Predicting High-Strength Concrete’s Compressive Strength: A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Tianlong , Yang Jianyu , Jiang Pengxiao , AlAteah Ali H. , Alsubeai Ali , Alfares Abdulgafor M. , Sufian Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Machine learning and response surface methods for predicting the compressive strength of high-strength concrete have not been adequately compared. Therefore, this research aimed to predict the compressive strength of high-strength concrete (HSC) using different methods. To achieve this purpose, neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and response surface methodology (RSM) were used as ensemble methods. Using an ANN and ANFIS, high-strength concrete (HSC) output was modeled and optimized as a function of five independent variables. The RSM was designed with three input variables: cement, and fine and coarse aggregate. To facilitate data entry into Design Expert, the RSM model was divided into six groups, with p-values of responses 1 to 6 of 0.027, 0.010, 0.003, 0.023, 0.002, and 0.026. The following metrics were used to evaluate model compressive strength projection: R, R2, and MSE for ANN and ANFIS modeling; R2, Adj. R2, and Pred. R2 for RSM modeling. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the ANN model (R = 0.999, R2 = 0.998, and MSE = 0.417), RSM model (R = 0.981 and R2 = 0.963), and ANFIS model (R = 0.962, R2 = 0.926, and MSE = 0.655) have a good chance of accurately predicting the compressive strength of high-strength concrete (HSC). Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the ANN, RSM, and ANFIS models and the experimental data. Nevertheless, the artificial neural network model demonstrates exceptional accuracy. The sensitivity analysis of the ANN model shows that cement and fine aggregate have the most significant effect on predicting compressive strength (45.29% and 35.87%, respectively), while superplasticizer has the least effect (0.227%). RSME values for cement and fine aggregate in the ANFIS model were 0.313 and 0.453 during the test process and 0.733 and 0.563 during the training process. Thus, it was found that both ANN and RSM models presented better results with higher accuracy and can be used for predicting the compressive strength of construction materials.
Spatial-Dependent Spectral Response of Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters with Inhomogeneous Acoustic Distribution
Authors: Sun Shujing , Zhao Huijie , Guo Qi , Wang Yijie
Published: September 2024

The spectral response of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is crucial for an AOTF based spectral imaging system. The acousto-optic (AO) interaction within the spatial-distributed area of the acoustic field determines the spectral response of the light incidence. Assuming an ideally uniform acoustic field distribution, phase-matching geometries can be applied to calculate the anisotropic Bragg diffraction in AO interactions, determining the wavelength and direction of the diffracted light. In this ideal scenario, the wavelength of the diffracted light depends solely on the direction of the incident light. However, due to the non-ideal nature of the acoustic field, the wavelength of the diffracted light exhibits slight variations with incident position. In this paper, an analytical model is proposed to calculate the spatial-dependent spectral response of the diffracted light under non-uniform acoustic field distribution. The study computes the variation pattern of the diffracted light amplitude caused by the inhomogeneous acoustic distribution. The theoretical considerations and computational model are confirmed by AOTF frequency scanning experiments. The study demonstrates that the distribution of the acoustic field leads to non-uniform spatial-spectral response in the AOTF, and the spatial AO interaction computational model can provide data support for calibrating AOTF systems in imaging applications.
Effects of Different Cooling Treatments on Heated Granite: Insights from the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Liang Qinming , Huang Gun , Huang Jinyong , Zheng Jie , Wang Yueshun , Cheng Qiang
Published: September 2024

The exploration of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy is essential to fulfill the energy demands of the increasing population. Investigating the physical and mechanical properties of heated rock under different cooling methods has significant implications for the exploitation of HDR. In this study, ultrasonic testing, uniaxial strength compression experiments, Brazilian splitting tests, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were conducted on heated granite after different cooling methods, including cooling in air, cooling in water, cooling in liquid nitrogen, and cycle cooling in liquid nitrogen. The results demonstrated that the density, P-wave velocity (Vp), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength (σt), and elastic modulus (E) of heated granite tend to decrease as the cooling rate increases. Notably, heated granite subjected to cyclic liquid nitrogen cooling exhibits a more pronounced decline in physical and mechanical properties and a higher degree of damage. Furthermore, the cooling treatments also lead to an increase in rock pore size and porosity. At a faster cooling rate, the fracture surfaces of the granite transition from smooth to rough, suggesting enhanced fracture propagation and complexity. These findings provide critical theoretical insights into optimizing stimulation performance strategies for HDR exploitation.
Dual-Action Calcium Monoaluminate Enabled Room-Temperature Curing of Inorganic Phosphate-Based High-Temperature Adhesive
Authors: Dong Zhuo , Zhang Lei , Yang Ke , Fang Zhenggang , Ni Yaru , Li Yang , Lu Chunhua
Published: September 2024

High-temperature adhesives find extensive application in diverse domains, encompassing repairs, production processes, and material joining. However, achieving their curing at ambient temperatures remains a formidable challenge due to the inherent requirement of elevated temperatures, typically exceeding 500 °C, for the curing reaction. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we developed a distinctive inorganic phosphate-based composite adhesive by incorporating dual-functional calcium monoaluminate (CA) into a traditional adhesive blend comprising Al(H2PO4)3 and MgO. This distinctive approach significantly diminishes the curing temperature, enabling it to occur at room temperature. Firstly, CA’s facile hydration reaction effectively scavenges surrounding water molecules, thereby accelerating the dehydration curing process of Al(H2PO4)3. Secondly, as hydration is an exothermic process, it locally generates heat around the Al(H2PO4)3, fostering optimal conditions for its curing reaction. Moreover, the adhesive’s strength is substantially bolstered through the strategic inclusion of Nano-Al2O3 (enhancing the availability of reaction sites) and Nano-SiO2 (improving overall stability). As a demonstration, the adhesive formulation with added CA containing 2% Nano-Al2O3 and 2% Nano-SiO2 achieved a remarkable tensile strength of 32.48 MPa at room temperature, underscoring its potential as an efficient solution for various practical adhesive applications. The adhesive prepared in this study harnesses the hydration properties of CA to absorb moisture and release substantial heat, introducing a novel method for ambient temperature curing. This development promises to broaden its applications in refractory materials, coatings, and equipment repair.
Microstructure and Shape Memory Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni-(V, C) Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Kim Taeyoon , Ji Changwook , Ji Sangwon , Lee Wookjin , Kim Wangryeol
Published: September 2024

In this study, microstructure, mechanical, and shape memory properties of the welded Fe-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) plates with a nominal composition of Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni-(V, C) (wt.%) by gas tungsten arc welding were investigated. The optimal heat input to ensure full penetration of the Fe-SMA plate with a thickness of 2 mm was found to be 0.12 kJ. The solidified grain morphology adjacent to the partially melted zone was columnar, whereas the equiaxed morphology emerged as solidification proceeded. The ultimate tensile decreased after welding owing to the much larger grain size of the fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) than that of the base material (BM). Weldment showed lower pseudoelastic (PE) recovery strain and higher shape memory effect (SME) than those of the plate, which could be ascribed to the large grain size of the FZ and HAZ. Recovery stress (RS) slightly decreased after welding owing to lower mechanical properties of weldment. On the other hand, aging treatment significantly improved all PE recovery, SME, and RS via carbide precipitation. Digital image correlation analysis revealed that HAZ showed the lowest SME after heating and cooling, implying that the improved SME of FZ compensated for the low SME of the HAZ.
Boosting Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene/Calcium Carbonate Composites with Inorganic Flame Retardants
Authors: Mapossa Antonio Benjamim , dos Anjos Erick Gabriel Ribeiro , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effects of inorganic flame retardants, zinc borate, and magnesium hydroxide, on the thermal, morphological, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/calcium carbonate composites for potential construction industry applications. Polypropylene/calcium carbonate (50 wt.%) composites containing 5 and 10 wt.% flame retardants were prepared using a batch mixer, followed by compression moulding. The results demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with the highest char residue reaching 47.2% for polypropylene/calcium carbonate/zinc borate (10 wt.%)/magnesium hydroxide (10 wt.%) composite, a notably strong outcome. Additionally, the composite exhibited an elevated limited oxygen index (LOI) of 29.4%, indicating a synergistic effect between zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide. The proposed flame retardancy mechanism suggests that the flammability performance is driven by the interaction between the flame retardants within the polypropylene/calcium carbonate matrix. Magnesium hydroxide contributes to smoke suppression by releasing water, while zinc borate forms a protective glassy foam that covers the burning surface, promoting char formation and acting as a physical barrier to heat transmission and fire spread. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed good dispersion of the additives alongside calcium carbonate within the polymer matrix. Despite the addition of up to 10 wt.% flame retardants, the composites maintained high-notched impact strength.
Morphology and Prevalence of the Inferior Transverse Scapular Ligament: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Proposal for Classification
Authors: Antonopoulos Ioannis , Pechlivanidou Evmorfia , Olewnik Łukasz Hubert , Zielinska Nicol , Chrysikos Dimosthenis , Samolis Alexandros , Tsikouris George , Troupis Theodore
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The suprascapular nerve is most vulnerable to entrapment at the suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches, causing neuropathy. Numerous studies have examined the suprascapular notch and ligament and its relationship with suprascapular nerve entrapment, but few have examined the spinoglenoid notch and the inferior transverse scapular ligament (ITSL). This study summarizes all existing ITSL morphology studies and presents a simple and comprehensive classification system for different ITSL subtypes. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, searching the online databases PubMed and Embase. The references of each relevant article were further screened to find more eligible studies. The Anatomical Quality Assessment tool was used in order to further evaluate the quality of the records extracted. STATA MP 14 was used for the analysis in this study. Results: In total, 14 studies (995 scapulae; minimum: 1 and maximum: 268) were included in the present study. The overall ITSL prevalence was 5.8 (95% CI: 4.5–7.1) and the estimated odds for ligamentous vs. membranous type was 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3–0.7). The basic different morphological subtypes of the ITSL reported in the included studies are the band-like ligament, the fan-shaped ligament, the membranous ITSL, and the perforated membranous types. Conclusions: The ITSL represents an anatomical structure of mostly ligamentous nature. A single ITSL definition and standardization of its basic morphological subtypes along with an easy-to-remember and thus widely used classification system could greatly facilitate the comprehensive description, identification, and proper handling of this element across many surgical procedures.
Novel Models for Assessing and Pathophysiology of Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Mechanisms
Authors: Whalen Connor , Verma Arun , Kurashima Kento , Carter Jasmine , Nazzal Hala , Jain Ajay
Published: September 2024

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of postoperative hepatic dysfunction and liver failure involving cellular damage to previously ischemic tissues to which blood flow is restored. The reestablishment of blood flow is essential for salvaging ischemic tissues. The reperfusion itself, however, can paradoxically lead to further cellular damage, which involves a multi-factorial process resulting in extensive tissue damage, which can threaten the function and viability of the liver and other organ systems. The following review outlines multiple models for in-lab analysis of the various hepatic IRI mechanisms, including murine, porcine, cell lines, and machine perfusion models.
Exercise Barriers in Older Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uysal İsmail , Özden Fatih , Özkeskin Mehmet , Benzer Zehra , Işık Emir İbrahim
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Defining the exercise habits of individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) may help to determine optimal rehabilitation programs. This study aimed to investigate the physical and psychological parameters associated with exercise barriers in older individuals with AD, with the goal of informing more effective rehabilitation programs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with 50 individuals with AD. The individuals were evaluated with the Exercise Benefit/Barriers Scale (EBBS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS), the Barthel Index (BI), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: There was a significant positive correlation between age with EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.308; p = 0.029) and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.295; p = 0.038). There were significant negative correlations between the time of diagnosis with EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = −0.569; p = 0.000), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = −0.324; p = 0.022), and EBBS-Total Score (r = −0.508; p = 0.000). There was a positive correlation between MMSE and EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = 0.465; p = 0.001), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.471; p = 0.001) and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.519; p = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between FTSTS and EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.340; p = 0.016), and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.280; p = 0.049). There were positive correlations between BI and EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = 0.362; p = 0.010), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.377; p = 0.007), and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.405; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Exercise barriers/benefits were associated with cognition and post-diagnosis duration in individuals with AD. Individuals with lower physical function had lower exercise perception. In addition, living with relatives or caregivers led to better exercise benefit scores.
Laser Cladding Path Planning for Curved Metal Parts
Authors: Liu Jinduo , Ba Zhiyong , Shu Da
Published: September 2024

In depositing multiple layers on the surface of failed metal parts, the overlap rate is a critical factor in determining the surface smoothness and uniformity of the coating thickness. Therefore, special attention must be given to the spacing between adjacent melt tracks when planning laser paths on complex metal parts. A strategy for selecting the overlap rate for multi-track cladding is proposed, based on the key parameters of surface curvature, mass conservation, and the profile of single-track coatings. A multi-track overlap model is developed, expressing the relationship between coating morphology and the overlap rate. The optimal spacing value is determined to achieve the goal of high-quality coating remanufacturing. To verify the effectiveness of this method, nickel-based powder was used for laser forming on the surface of metal gears. The results showed that the surface of the cladding layer was smooth and flat, further demonstrating that this model helps improve the repair quality and overall performance of curved metal parts. Thus, it provides valuable guidance for the remanufacturing of failed metal parts.
S-(+)-Carvone, a Monoterpene with Potential Anti-Neurodegenerative Activity—In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies
Authors: Wojtunik-Kulesza Karolina A. , Rudkowska Monika , Klimek Katarzyna , Mołdoch Jarosław , Agacka-Mołdoch Monika , Budzyńska Barbara , Oniszczuk Anna
Published: September 2024

Carvone, a natural monoterpene, has been identified in various plants, giving them a characteristic scent. Enantiomers (R-(–) and S-(+)) reveal specific biological activities that are successfully used in traditional medicine for their antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and anti-influenza properties. The presented paper is based on S-(+)-carvone, characterized by a specific caraway scent, which revealed rich biological activities both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential anti-neurodegenerative activity of S-(+)-carvone, including in vitro experiments (butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory, neuro- and hepatotoxicity as well as neuro- and hepatoprotective activity), in vivo (memory acquisition, locomotor activity), and ex vivo (determination of S-(+)-carvone’s level in tissues collected from mice). Results revealed the multidirectional character of S-(+)-carvone. It has been shown that S-(+)-carvone is capable of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (40% for 0.025 mg applied onto the plate), and neuroprotection and hepatoprotection at selective concentrations against reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation along with non-hepatotoxicity character. Additionally, multiple-dose administration of the monoterpene at a dose of 100 mg/kg had a positive influence on memory acquisition. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the plasma and the brain showed that S-(+)-carvone can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the hippocampus (0.217 µg/mg of tissue), a crucial part of the brain associated with cognition and mental functions.
Tragic Curse, or Messianic Hope? Reading Genesis 3:16 in Light of Genesis 3:15
Authors: Doukhan Jacques B.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, it will be shown that Genesis 3:16 parallels the Messianic prophecy of Genesis 3:15 with which it also shares significant linguistic links and literary features. From this literary observation, it will be established that the two key words “desire” and “rule” have a positive significance which is further supported by the literary and syntactical construction of the sentences. The positive understanding of Genesis 3:16 in the light of Genesis 3:15 will also be reinforced and illuminated by the comparative analysis with the parallel text of Genesis 4:7. Rather than proclaiming the tragic “curse” of the subordinated woman in her relationship with man, the connection of Genesis 3:16 with Genesis 3:15 brings a message of blessing in the perspective of redemption.
Prevalence of Cardiotoxicity Secondary to Trastuzumab in Patients with HER-2-Positive Breast Cancer in Southeast Mexico
Authors: Pascual-Mathey Luz I. , Velez-Figueroa Midory I. , Díaz-Vallejo Joel J. , Mendez-Hirata Gustavo , Mendez-Machado Gustavo F.
Published: September 2024

In Mexico, breast cancer (BC) is the principal cause of death in women over 30 years old, with an annual mortality rate of 14.61 deaths per a 100,000 population. Chemotherapy, in combination with trastuzumab (TTZ), improves the survival of cancer patients; however, cardiotoxicity (CT) is the principal consequence. CT prevalence occurs between 10% and 30% of patients; however, there are no data about the prevalence of CT in the Mexican population. This study aims to establish the prevalence of CT in patients treated with anti-HER-2 therapy among BC women in southeast Mexico. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2015 to July 2019. The records of 46 patients diagnosed with HER-2-positive BC who attended the Mexican Social Security Institute in the Ambulatory Care Medicine Unit were analyzed. The diagnostic criterion for CT was a decrease in LVEF > 10% from baseline or a final LVEF < 53%. CT prevalence was observed in 19 (41.3%) of women with cancer, with an average decrease in LVEF of 13%. In the population, we found an association between weight, surface area, and the loading dose of TTZ with CT. Nutritional follow-up and the administration of cardioprotective drugs are necessary to recover LVEF and avoid cardiovascular failure in women with BC and survivors.
Communications and management efficiency
Authors:   SBHI SR «Tolyatti Dental Clinic No. 3», Tolyatti, Russia, Dashuk S. A. , Izevlina N. L. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Samara, Russia
Published: September 2024

The success of any medical organization depends on the effectiveness of the communication process, the state of the communication network, effective internal information interaction and the communication abilities of managers at all levels. Target. To study the effectiveness of communications of the Samara Diagnostic Center and identify the main communication barriers in the work of nursing ser vice managers. Results. The communication process in a medical organization was studied, the communication abilities and communication barriers of nursing service managers were determined, and recommendations were formulated to improve the communication process among medical workers. Conclusion. Communication processes play a special role in the systems «nurse  patient», «nurse  colleague», «nurse  manager, which make the processes of treatment, rehabilitation and prevention more effective. It should be noted that the communication processes that are built in medical organizations have not yet been sufficiently studied and require further research.
Clinical, immunological, and molecular genetic features in occupational bronchial asthma, depending on the phenotype
Authors:   Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia, Babanov S. A. , Baykova A. G. ,   GBUZ SO «Samara City Hospital No. 5», Samara, Russia, Agarkova A. S. ,   Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russia, Melentyev A. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman», Mytishchi, Russia
Published: September 2024

Evaluation of clinical data and features of immunopathogenesis, along with molecular genotyping, open up new possibilities for a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of occupational bronchial asthma. The aim is to determine clinical, immunological and genetic markers of the risk of developing occupational bronchial asthma under exposure to sensitizing substances based on the results of an assessment of polymorphic variants rs2069812 of the IL5 gene. The study included 170 patients with various phenotypes of occupational bronchial asthma and 50 people in the control group. The levels of MCP-1 cytokines and total IgE in blood serum were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using standard reagent kits. The serum content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was studied by sandwich-type solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. During the study, the features of clinical and immunological manifestations depending on the phenotype of occupational bronchial asthma were established for the first time, genetic markers of the risk of developing this pathology under the influence of sensitizing substances were identified: polymorphic variants rs2069812 of the IL-5 gene.
The role of microbiological monitoring in the prevention and control of antibiotic resistance
Authors:   Oryol State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Orel, Russian Federation, Simonova V. G. , Shamova N. V. ,   Oryol State University named after I. S. Turgenev, Orel, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the problem of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic microorganisms. The aim of the study is to determine the predominant microflora of a medical organization and to develop protocols for empirical antibacterial therapy in infectious and inflammatory processes. The main groups of infectious agents in the departments for the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection of the Oryol region «Botkin City Hospital» for 2020–2022 are analyzed. Isolation, identification and determination of antibiotic sensitivity were carried out using standard methods. The results of the study made it possible to identify priority microorganisms and assess their antibiotic resistance. The growth of resistance to carbapenems of microorganisms isolated from patients in 2020–2021 was revealed. The effect obtained from the correction of antibiotic therapy has been shown, which has significantly reduced the resistance of isolated strains to carbapenems. To ensure effective epidemiological surveillance of clinically significant microorganisms and curb the growth of antimicrobial resistance in medical organizations of the Orel region, it is important to consider the possibility of maintaining a regional medical information system in order to monitor the prevalence of potential pathogens of infectious diseases, including those related to the provision of medical care resistant to antimicrobial drugs.
Technological research of syrup with dipyridamole
Authors:   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Abdurakhmanov A. M. , Ogay M. A. ,   FSBEI HE Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Akhmedov F. A. ,   Research Pharmaceutical Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan, Zavadskiy S. P. ,   Institute of Pharmacy named after A. P. Nelyubin, FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: September 2024

A new liquid dosage form with dipyridamole has been obtained. A 50 % fructose solution was selected as the auxiliary component. The flavoring agent was «Orange», and the coloring agent was an orange color. The resulting dosage form, i.e. syrup, has a pleasant color, taste, and smell. 0.5 % sodium benzoate was used as a preservative, which provided a bacteriostatic effect for 24 months. Purpose of the work: to develop an optimal technological scheme for the production of a syrup with dipyridamole, establish critical points, and justify the use of flavoring and coloring agents and preservatives. Materials and methods. An integrated approach, based on modern principles of drug development (ICH) and implemented by means of modern equipment and the necessary research methods, was used. When developing the original syrup dosage form of dipyridamole, chemical, physicochemical, technological, pharmacological, and microbiological research methods were utilized. Technological methods included the preparation of fructose syrup (50 %); then dipyridamole (0.325 %) was added to the intermediate product. Results. The introduction of dipyridamole into a liquid dosage form, i.e. syrup, is a promising way to expand the range of dosage forms (DF) of dipyridamole, represented only by film-coated tablets and a suspension for oral administration (Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, UK). Conclusion. The result of the research has been the production of syrup with dipyridamole. It was found that the best composition was based on fructose, which was superior in taste to sucrose and sorbitol. Flavoring agents «Cherry», «Orange», and «Cocoa» were added to sugar-based syrups. The «Orange» turned out to be the optimal flavoring agent.
Radiation exposure in spine surgeries
Authors: Muhammad Jehanzeb  , Khizar Ahtesham
Published: September 2024

Radiation exposure is a significant concern in spine surgeries due to the extensive use of fluoroscopic imaging. This review aims to evaluate the risks, consequences, and prevention strategies associated with radiation exposure in spine surgeries. The risks of radiation exposure include potential biological damage to patients and surgical staff, such as skin burns, cataracts, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The consequences of radiation exposure can have long-term health implications and may result in substantial healthcare costs. To mitigate the risks, various prevention strategies are recommended. These include optimizing the use of fluoroscopy by adopting low-dose imaging techniques, minimizing the duration of exposure, and ensuring proper shielding of personnel. Additionally, the use of alternative imaging modalities, such as intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) navigation systems, can reduce reliance on fluoroscopy and subsequently decrease radiation exposure. Furthermore, implementing a culture of radiation safety through education, training, and awareness programs is crucial. This involves educating surgeons, nurses, and other healthcare professionals about the potential risks, proper use of equipment, and radiation protection measures. Strict adherence to radiation safety guidelines and continuous monitoring of radiation doses are essential to ensure the well-being of both patients and healthcare providers. In short, radiation exposure in spine surgeries poses significant risks and potential consequences. However, with the adoption of appropriate prevention strategies, such as optimizing imaging techniques, implementing alternative modalities, and fostering a culture of radiation safety, the potential risks can be mitigated. By prioritizing radiation safety, healthcare facilities can provide better outcomes for patients and minimize the long-term health implications associated with radiation exposure in spine surgeries.
Chronic subdural hematoma in the posterior fossa
Authors: Idir Abdelilah , Elmajdoub Youssef , Okacha Naama , Boulahroud Omar
Published: September 2024

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) in the posterior fossa is extremely rare in the adult population. CT scanning is generally accurate and sufficiently sensitive in the diagnosis of supratentorial subdural hematomas, while MRI has clearly shown its superiority in the detection of subdural collections at unusual locations and particularly in the detailed analysis of the posterior cranial fossa. The surgical strategy is still controversial. We report a case of CSH in the posterior fossa successfully treated with a suboccipital craniectomy.  A 70-year-old man; has developed headaches, nausea, cerebellar syndrome and ataxia of walking. Radiological examinations revealed the appearance of a right CSH in the posterior fossa associated with hydrocephalus. Upon rapid deterioration of the patient’s consciousness, urgent treatment was required. A small right suboccipital craniectomy was to access the hematoma. Postoperative computed tomography showed that the CSH and hydrocephalus had been successfully treated.
Growth hormone deficiency in the neurocritical patient
Authors: Abdulla Ebtesam
Published: September 2024

Growth hormone (GH) is synthesized in the anterior pituitary, but its production and release are controlled by two neurohormones found in the hypothalamus: somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). GH supports bone growth, regeneration of neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and even neuronal myelination. It is also responsible for stimulating the growth and differentiation of cells from different tissues and cell types, thereby contributing to protein synthesis. Original research papers, case reports, and case series on GH deficiency among neurocritical patients were thoroughly examined in this review. After extensive study, 13 articles were selected for the analysis. Traumatic lesions are defined by distortion of the brain tissue and subsequent biochemical modifications, which can affect GH secretion. The majority of researchers identified fractures, trauma, and bleeding as the mechanical causes of GH deficiency, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) as the etiology. The dysregulation of certain other hormones, including ACTH, Cortisol, Gonadotropin, Prolactin, FSH, TSH, Testosterone, and Hydrocortisone is also related to GH insufficiency. Growth hormone deficiency can cause complications such as hypothyroidism, hypotension, hypoxia, adrenal insufficiency, electrolyte imbalance, hyperprolactinemia, depression, anxiety, concussions, seizures, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. According to previous studies, GH insufficiency is significantly affected by age, body mass index (BMI), pituitary dysfunction, and hypogonadism. GH treatment is widely used in patients with GH deficiency, as it has more benefits than harm. The GH dose should be individualized to minimize side effects and maximize clinical efficacy.
Overcoming vasospasm
Authors: Manisor Monica , Coltea Petru , Cindea Cosmin-Nicodim , Tudor Victor , Rosca Vladimir , Boca Liliana , Saceleanu Vicentiu
Published: September 2024

This article presents a case report detailing the endovascular management of severe vasospasm in a 55-year-old patient following the rupture of a right posterior communicating aneurysm. Initially presenting with a Fisher grade 4 subarachnoid haemorrhage, the patient underwent embolization treatment, which resulted in good condition. However, on the 9th day, the patient experienced a sudden deterioration, marked by severe vasospasm and neurological deficits.
Diagnostic procedures, including cerebral angiography, revealed extensive vasospasm affecting multiple cerebral arteries. In response, endovascular therapy was initiated, consisting of the intra-arterial administration of Milrinone and Nimodipine. This intervention aimed to alleviate vasospasm and enhance cerebral perfusion. Angiographic imaging post-intervention demonstrated significant improvement in vascular perfusion, correlating with a rapid neurological response. Notably, the patient exhibited immediate improvement in motor deficits and dysarthria following treatment.
This case underscores the critical importance of timely recognition and intervention in managing complications post-aneurysmal rupture, particularly severe vasospasm, which poses significant risks of neurological sequelae. The successful application of endovascular techniques, including chemical angioplasty, highlights the evolving landscape of neurointerventional procedures in addressing complex cerebrovascular pathology.
The case further emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration between neurosurgery, interventional radiology, and neurocritical care, to optimize patient outcomes in cerebrovascular emergencies. Early detection, prompt intervention, and vigilant post-procedural monitoring remain pivotal in mitigating the risks associated with cerebral aneurysm rupture and its sequelae.
The impact of rehabilitation programs on patients postoperative recovery after spine surgery
Authors: Jehanzeb Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Spine surgery is a common intervention aimed at improving the lives of individuals with various spinal conditions, and the success of this procedure extends beyond the operating room to the postoperative recovery phase. This research paper explores the impact of rehabilitation programs on postoperative recovery in spine surgery patients. By delving into the multidisciplinary approach of rehabilitation, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, pain management, and patient education, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these programs optimize outcomes and restore functional abilities.
Rehabilitation programs play a vital role in managing postoperative pain, restoring mobility, promoting muscle strength, and enhancing overall functional abilities. The paper investigates the specific interventions involved, such as physical therapy exercises, manual therapy, pain management strategies, and patient education, highlighting their collective contribution to a holistic recovery process. The benefits of rehabilitation programs extend beyond physical aspects to address the psychological and emotional well-being of patients, providing a supportive environment through counselling and stress management techniques.
Factors influencing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, including patient-specific factors, surgical complexity, timing, and patient compliance, are examined. The study draws upon a comprehensive literature review, presenting evidence from research studies, randomized controlled trials, and prospective cohort studies that consistently demonstrate the positive impact of rehabilitation programs on pain management, functional outcomes, and quality of life.
Challenges in implementing rehabilitation programs, such as resource constraints and patient education, are acknowledged, and potential strategies for improvement are proposed. These include the integration of technology, collaboration among healthcare professionals, and a focus on patient education and engagement to enhance accessibility and effectiveness.
In conclusion, this research underscores the critical role of rehabilitation programs in optimizing postoperative recovery for spine surgery patients. The findings have implications for clinical practice, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, tailored rehabilitation approaches, collaboration among healthcare professionals, and the integration of technology to further improve patient outcomes. Future research should explore the optimal timing and duration of rehabilitation interventions, comparative studies of different approaches, and long-term outcomes to inform clinical decision-making in the field of spine surgery recovery.
Multilevel interlaminar fenestration with soft tissue decompression in lumbar canal stenosis
Authors: Agarwal Atul , Mittal Ruchi , Sharma Amit Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Lumbar Canal Stenosis is the narrowing of the Spinal Canal and/or the intervertebral foramina, which causes compression of the thecal sac and/or caudal roots at a single vertebral level. Stenosis may be local, segmental, or generalised; bone or soft tissue can cause it. Stenosis can involve the bony canal, dural sac or both.[9]
Aim: Assessment of outcomes of multilevel fenestration with soft tissue decompression in lumbar canal stenosis.
Material and method: A prospective study comprised patients with two or more lumbar canal stenosis levels. The Study eliminated patients with infective pathology or recurrent surgery on identical levels. The surgical technique of canal decompression via multilevel fenestrations was used in this study, which enables the decompression of the neural structures while preserving as much of the bony and ligamentous structures as possible. Post-op clinical measures such as motor, sensory, post-op complications, and VAS score improvement assessed study outcomes.
Result: Studies showed improvement in symptoms of pain, motor power and sensory deficit, post-operative improvement in VAS score for pain, and improved quality of life in almost all the patients from day 7 to day 60 after surgery.
Conclusion: The study shows that “Multilevel interlaminar fenestration with Soft Tissue Decompression in Lumbar Canal Stenosis” is a feasible, safe, and effective approach to lumbar canal stenosis and is associated with minimal complications and minimal perioperative morbidity.
Anterior cervical surgery for the treatment of cervigonenic headache caused by cervical spondylosis
Authors: Fadhil  , Kuntawi Aji Yunus , Sabri  , Deni Nasution Muhammad , Lizen Nindi
Published: September 2024

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a common disorder with cervical spine-specific nociceptive headache symptoms. Cervicogenic headaches have been studied for years, but diagnosis and treatment are continually evolving. Due to non-specific criteria and its relationship with cervical degenerative illness, diagnosis may be underestimated. In many situations, it contributes to myelopathy or radiculopathy. Local anaesthetic blocks are used to confirm the diagnosis, however, non-invasive methods are being explored. Identifying the nociceptive origin improves pain management. Physical therapy and percutaneous interventional procedures are used to treat isolated CEH. However, cervical decompression and/or fusion are often performed in situations of cervical myelopathy and/or radiculopathy. Here we report a 57-year-old female with cervicogenic headache treated with anterior lower cervical discectomy to relieve cervical myelopathy and/or radiculopathy headaches.