bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influential Nodes in Social Networks
Authors: Das Kousik , Mahapatra Rupkumar , Samanta Sovan , Pal Anita
Published: August 2019

Social network is the perfect place for connecting people. The social network is a social structure formed by a set of nodes (persons, organizations, etc.) and a set of links (connection between nodes). People feel very comfortable to share news and information through a social network. This chapter measures the influential persons in different types of online and offline social networks.
Energy of m-Polar Fuzzy Digraphs
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Saleem Danish , Ghorai Ganesh
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, firstly some basic definitions like fuzzy graph, its adjacency matrix, eigenvalues, and its different types of energies are presented. Some upper bound and lower bound for the energy of this graph are also obtained. Then certain notions, including energy of m-polar fuzzy digraphs, Laplacian energy of m-polar fuzzy digraphs and signless Laplacian energy of m-polar fuzzy digraphs are presented. These concepts are illustrated with several example, and some of their properties are investigated.
Bipolar Neutrosophic Cubic Graphs and Its Applications
Authors: Sweety C. Antony Crispin , Vaiyomathi K. , Irudayam F. Nirmala
Published: August 2019

The authors introduce neutrosophic cubic graphs and single-valued netrosophic Cubic graphs in bipolar setting and discuss some of their algebraic properties such as Cartesian product, composition, m-union, n-union, m-join, n-join. They also present a real time application of the defined model which depicts the main advantage of the same. Finally, the authors define a score function and present minimum spanning tree algorithm of an undirected bipolar single valued neutrosophic cubic graph with a numerical example.
Rethinking Media Engagement Strategies for Social Change in Africa
Authors: Fayoyin Adebayo
Published: August 2019

Media engagement is a powerful strategy of achieving development outcomes in society. This has resulted in the deployment of different media platforms and processes (including the mass media, community media, mediated media and social media) by development agencies for social change. This chapter examined the imperatives for and the diverse approaches by development organizations in mobilizing the media for social change in Africa. While such media engagement processes have contributed to influencing public and media agenda in line with organizational mandates, they also heavily integrate corporate promotion and individual organizational positioning. Our analysis demonstrates the absence of a collective media engagement strategy aligned with the overarching global and continental development goals among development agencies. Drawing on insights from contemporary development frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063 of the Africa Union, the study calls for a rethink of existing media engagement approaches in achieving social change in Africa. It also recommends actions to enhance issue positioning and advocacy journalism.
Contribution of Mindfulness to Individuals' Tendency to Believe and Share Social Media Content
Authors: Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: August 2019

The objective of this research was to explore the effect of mindfulness on individuals' tendencies to believe social media content and share it without realizing the potential consequences. The sample used in this study comprised 300 participants in Bangkok, Thailand, of whom 157 were full-time employees and 143 were college students. Results from partial least squares regression analysis supports the hypothesis that individuals who exhibit higher levels of mindfulness tend to be skeptical of the validity of information to which they are exposed. In addition, skepticism is linked to a decreased tendency to believe social media content and to share content on social media. The findings further support a direct link between mindfulness and a decreased tendency to share social media content. Overall, these findings confirm the positive contribution of mindfulness as a quality that may allow individuals to question the validity of social media content before they decide to believe it and share it with others.
Press Freedom and Socio-Economic Issues in the Nigerian and Ugandan Democratic Landscape
Authors: Nelson Okorie
Published: August 2019

Press freedom is a global concept that encourages the freedom of the press from external influences or interferences. In Africa, press freedom is enshrined in the constitutions of most countries. However, there are several factors and issues that limit press freedom in Africa. Using Nigeria and Uganda as examples, this chapter explores press freedom and socio-economic issues in a democratic media landscape. Furthermore, the chapter was organized in a number of rubrics; it x-rayed the concept of press freedom. It also examined the constitutional basis of press freedom in Uganda and Nigeria. The chapter concludes that Press freedom promotes transparency and flourishes more in countries where there are constitutional and legal provisions are greatly promoted because of the democratic principles and ideals which are conducted with openness.
Art, Values, and Conflict Waged in Satirical Cartoons
Authors: Hall Z.
Published: August 2019

The first international art controversy erupted after the publication of satirical cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad in Denmark's Jyllands-Posten in 2005. Unlike prior art controversies, the Muhammad cartoon controversy, as it came to be known, engaged millions of people around the globe. Debates and protests surrounding competing sacrosanct values received massive media attention. As the conflict between Western free speech and 10th anniversary of the September 30 publication of the cartoons approaches, the world mourns the loss of more lives in connection with the continuing controversy. By examining the constellation of speech acts associated with Flemming Rose, Stephane Charbonnier, and Lars Vilks, this chapter examines whether satire is an effective rhetorical device for resolving disagreements involving conflicting sacrosanct values, and if and how it ameliorates or contributes to conflict in increasingly multi-religious, multiethnic, and multicultural societies.
Analyses on Engineering Mechanics of Robotic Arm for Sorting Multi-Materials
Authors: Razali Zol Bahri , Kader Mohamed Mydin M. Abdul , Daud Mohd Hisam , Stephen Khor Wen Hwooi
Published: August 2019

The study involves static analysis on the developed robotic arm. Increasing loads are applied to the robotic arm to determine the maximum load that it can hold. Firstly, the robotic arm model is created using CATIA. Then, it is analyzed using the generative structural analysis tool in the same software. Increasing loads are applied to the end of the robotic arm until significant deformation occurs. The same procedure is done for modified designs in the analysis software. The results considered include displacement and stress. Based on the results, the critical stress areas are near to the rotating joints of the robotic arm, the back of the gripper and the sharp edge of the second arm. Proposed modifications include increasing the servo motor shaft radius and edge filleting the affected area, increasing the thickness and reducing the length of the gripper base plate, and implementing a new design for the second arm.
Control of a Wing Type Flat-Plate for an Ornithopter Autonomous Robot With Differential Flatness
Authors: Díaz Elkin Yesid Veslin , Bogado-Martínez Cesar Francisco , Dutra Max Suell , Raptopoulos Luciano Santos Constantin
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, a two-degree-of-freedom controller that exploits the flat properties of a three degree-of-freedom wing type flat-plate for an Ornithopter Autonomous robot is proposed. A set of kinematical patterns inspired by nature is used to simulate the wing's movement around two wingtip trajectories; also, the effects of the aerodynamical forces as a function of the wind velocity and the wing's angle of attack are considered. In order to control the system, the effects of these forces are viewed as disturbs that affect the wing's dynamics. The proposed control scheme drives the device through the desired path by generating a set of desired inputs which are compensated by a feedback loop when the aerodynamical forces actuate upon the system.
Dynamic Modelling and Control of an Underactuated Quasi-Omnidireccional Hexapod
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Edgar Alonso , Aguilera José A.
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents the mechanical design, dynamic model, and walking control law of an insect-like, asymmetric hexapod robot. The proposed model is an original walking mechanism designed with three actuators to provide quasi-omnidirectionality. One of the motivational aims is to reduce the number of actuators preserving similar holonomy as compared to popular 18-servo redundant hexapods with three servos per leg. This work includes the Klann mechanism as limb, two-drive differential robot's control, one per lateral triplet of legs. The legs of a triplet are synchronized in speed with different rotary angles phase. In addition, the six limbs are synchronized with bidirectional yaw motion. The proposed mechanical design has one servo for limbs yawing, one for the right limbs triplet and one motor for the left triplet. Thus, quasi-omnidirectional mobility is achieved. Furthermore, a dynamic control law that governs the robot's mechanisms motion is deduced, with an Euler-Lagrange approach. Kinematic and dynamic results are validated through numerical simulations using a tripod gait.
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Organizational Energy
Authors: Preskar Mihaela , Žižek Simona Šarotar
Published: August 2019

Organizational culture is an important part of the organization's life as it determines how everything is going on in the organization. The more employees understand rules, norms, and values that they must follow, the better the individual employees in the organization feel, since it gives them a sense of order and security in the organization. If employees feel well in the organization, they are ready to contribute more to the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization, thus affecting productive organizational energy. Such employees will be more committed, efficient, innovative, successful, and will experience positive emotions such as joy, pride, and enthusiasm in the workplace. Knowledge in the field of organizational behavior can greatly contribute to recognizing how organizational culture affects better organizational energy.
The Relationship Between Culture and Human Development
Authors: Silva Pedro , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: August 2019

The human development is used to evaluate the richness of human life, focusing on the people, on their opportunities and choices, rather than simply on the richness of economies. As for national culture, it is understood as a set of characteristics that distinguish members and that may influence all aspects of social and individual life. This study hypothesizes that national culture, measured using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, has an impact on corruption and on innovation, and that less corrupt and more innovative nations create better welfare conditions and human development for their habitants. To test the proposed framework, data were obtained from Hofstede's, Transparency International, Global Innovation, and United Nations Development Programme websites for the year 2012. Using PLS-SEM, the results show that cultural factors play a smaller role on determining innovation than corruption, and that decreasing corruption is more important to improve human development than increasing innovation.
Organisational Context for Effective Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Slavković Marko , Simić Marijana
Published: August 2019

In the knowledge era, organizations have to learn faster and better than competition, with the continuous cultivation of a culture of knowledge sharing. Attention should be paid to motivating employees to develop a positive attitude towards knowledge sharing, actively exchanging information and knowledge, continuously participating in learning processes, or putting knowledge sharing activities into everyday routine and habit. The research objectives are identification of the nature of the influence of intrinsic motivation on the knowledge sharing practice in organizations in the Republic of Serbia, determining the presence of a statistically significant difference in the intraorganizational knowledge sharing between multinational and domestic enterprises, and determining a statistically significant difference in the level of intrinsic motivation among employees in multinational companies and employees in domestic enterprises. The obtained results confirm the impact of intrinsic motivation on knowledge sharing.
Platform Strategy for New Product Development
Authors: Ku Sang-Wuk
Published: August 2019

This chapter proves the mediating effect of product platform strategies on the relationship between a firm's subject, environment, and resources and the performance of new product development in the perspective of platform leadership. The author analyzed the mediating role of product platform strategy by considering CEO propensity, competition and customers, and competitiveness of retained resources. Compared to the past, in the perspective of platform leadership, the product platform strategy has a critical effect on the relationship between the business scope of a platform leader, the external relationship with complementors, and the internal organization of a platform leader impact on the performance of new product development. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis with the data of Korean high technology companies, the product platform strategy would be mediating the relationship between the antecedents such as CEO propensity, competition and customers, and competitiveness of retained resources and NPD performance.
Designing Digital Marketing Strategies for International Business
Authors: Perker Burçak Cebeci
Published: August 2019

As its popularity increased, internet was converted to a main marketing tool for many types of businesses. However, it preserves more promising features due to offered globality and rapidness when it comes to communicate people effectively. As invested financial budgets and intellectual power are increased for global brands, which internet marketing strategies a business would succeed in international market has become a crucial inquiry. This study subjected 10 different international brands by conducting qualitative and quantitative research methods to compare efficiency of internet marketing strategies in order to correspond this question.
Reflection of Digital Transformation on Corporate Sustainability and a Theoratical Perspective
Authors: Zehir Cemal , Özgül Burcu
Published: August 2019

With its high process automation and digitalization, Industry 4.0 provides new opportunities to actualize more flexible, higher quality, speedy, cheap, and productive manufacturing and services. Containing numerous technology and paradigms, Industry 4.0 is expected to transform the industrial manufacture and society by aiming at economic, social, and environmental gains. The facts that natural resources are running out, lifecycle of the world is diminishing, and society has increasing anxiety on this situation. These have been the propulsive power for the development of Industry 4.0. By means of the technology and innovations that Industry 4.0 brings along, it is clear that it could also contribute to the recent popular and emphasized concept:sustainability. In this chapter, after giving information about the paradigms related with Industry 4.0, the theoretical frame of corporate sustainability and the effect of digital transformation on corporate sustainability have been evaluated. And then, constructing sustainable digital business models and focusing on value proposal have been discussed.
The Effects of Industry 4.0 on Labor Force Attributes and New Challenges
Authors: Aşçı Mehmet Saim
Published: August 2019

Unmanned factories became a topic of discussion after the concept of Industry 4.0 was first introduced in the Hannover Fair in 2001, and increasing the computerization level in business life and supporting the production processes with advanced technology were determined as targets. In this regard, artificial intelligence and increased automation are expected to create new kinds of jobs in the coming years; however, a significant problem is predicted considering that these changes will invalidate a high number of job types exist today. Thus, the workforce will face a severe unemployment threat. As a result of all of this, radical changes in the work methods, along with means of seeking employment, are now considered. The qualities of the work and the workforce are being transformed along with the organization methods of the production. While on the other hand, it becomes evident that education also has to adapt to this transformation. In this study, the issues the labor might have to face during this period will be discussed, along with what could be done to solve these problems.
Robot Process Automation (RPA) and Its Future
Authors: Doguc Ozge
Published: August 2019

Many software automation techniques have been developed in the last decade to cut down cost, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce errors. Robotic process automation (RPA) has become increasingly popular recently. RPA offers software robots (bots) that can mimic human behavior. Attended robots work in tandem with humans and can operate while the human agent is active on the computer. On the other hand, unattended robots operate behind locked screens and are designed to execute automations that don't require any human intervention. RPA robots are equipped with artificial intelligence engines such as computer vision and machine learning, and both robot types can learn automations by recording human actions.
The Effects of Corporate Tax Rate on the Firm Performance
Authors: Oz-Yalaman Gamze
Published: August 2019

The issue of taxation is one of the key subjects that draw the attention of both policymakers and business executives. This chapter investigates the effects of taxation on the firm performance by using an extensive data set from a panel of 738 companies for 16 different countries over the years between 2000 and 2016. The results suggest that the impact of corporate tax rates on firm performance is significantly negative. The results also show that financial crisis, development levels of countries, and size of firms have a significant effect on this relationship. The results are robust in terms of combining different sets of control variables. These findings are to guide the business executives in the decision-making process, which could increase the firm performance, and the results may help to improve the implementation of fiscal policy in the field of taxation.
T Cell–Intrinsic IL-6R Signaling Is Required for Optimal ICOS Expression and Viral Control during Chronic Infection
Authors: Wong Kurt A. , Harker James A. , Dolgoter Aleksandr , Marooki Nuha , Zuniga Elina I.
Published: August 2019

The pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 plays an integral role not only in innate inflammatory responses but also in the activation and differentiation of lymphocyte subsets. In this study, by using a conditional knockout (cKO) model with selective IL-6 receptor deletion in T cells (IL-6R–cKO), we demonstrated that T cell–specific IL-6R signaling is essential for viral control during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection. Strikingly, we observed that in contrast to previous studies with ubiquitous IL-6 deletion or blockade, specific IL-6R deletion in T cells did not affect T follicular helper (Tfh) cell accumulation unless IL-6R–deficient T cells were competing with wild-type cells in mixed bone marrow chimeras. In contrast, Tfh cells from IL-6R–cKO–infected mice exhibited reduced ICOS expression in both chimeric and nonchimeric settings, and this sole identifiable Tfh defect was associated with reduced germinal centers, compromised Ig switch and low avidity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus–specific Abs despite intact IL-6R expression in B cells. We posit that IL-6R cis-signaling is absolutely required for appropriate ICOS expression in Tfh cells and provides a competitive advantage for Tfh accumulation, enabling generation of optimal B cell and Ab responses, and ultimately viral control during in vivo chronic infection.
TCR Sequencing Reveals the Distinct Development of Fetal and Adult Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria , Tieppo Paola , McGovern Naomi , Gosselin Françoise , Chan Jerry K. Y. , Goetgeluk Glenn , Dauby Nicolas , Cogan Alexandra , Donner Catherine , Ginhoux Florent , Vandekerckhove Bart , Vermijlen David
Published: August 2019

Phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells represent the main innate human γδ T cell subset and dominate the fetal and adult peripheral blood γδ T cell repertoire. It has been hypothesized that adult blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells find their origin in the fetus like it is established for mouse innate γδ T cells. To address this issue, we analyzed the CDR3 of the TCR of human blood and thymic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from fetal until adult life. We first identified key differences in the CDR3 repertoire of fetal and adult blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, including in CDR3 features important for phosphoantigen reactivity. Next, we showed that most of these key adult CDR3 features were already present in the postnatal thymus and were further enhanced upon selection in vitro by the microbial-derived phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate. Finally, we demonstrated that the generation of a fetal-type or adult-type Vγ9Vδ2 CDR3 repertoire is determined by the fetal and postnatal nature of the hematopoietic stem and precursor cell. Thus, our data indicate that fetal blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells find their origin in the fetal thymus whereas adult blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are generated to a large degree independently after birth.
Case study: Patient with alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Wessels S. P.
Published: August 2019

Alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology in which the alveoli are filled with lipid-proteinaceous material. The diagnosis is usually made on an open lung biopsy. The main symptoms are chest pain, tiredness, persistent pyrexia and a productive cough with purulent, bloodstained sputum. Exertion dyspnoea, however, is regarded as the most important symptom. Chest X-rays demonstrate a picture similar to severe pulmonary oedema. The lung functions and the blood gases are indicators of the severity of the disease and there Is usually a reduction in the vital capacity, Sa02 and Pa02.A case study of a patient with this diagnosis treated at Tygerberg Hospital is reported. He was admitted complaining of the above mentioned symptoms, his lung functions and blood gases were extremely poor and the chest X-rays showed bilateral diffuse opacifications. He had to be ventilated with high percentages of oxygen and a high PEEP to maintain an adequate Sa02 and Pa02. The infection was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids. Because of the presence of a tremendous amount of bronchial secretions, chest physiotherapy was very important. General techniques used were bagging, percussion and shaking in alternative side-lying and were combined with Mistabron: Saline inhalations to help dissolve the proteinaceous material in the alveoli. Over a period of 8 weeks he recovered remarkably, but two months after admission his condition unexpectedly deteriorated and he died three days later.
Protocol for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
An investigation into the relationship between anaerobic work capacity, percentage body fat and the grade of asthma in asthmatics and a healthy control group
Authors: Burger M. , Geyer M. , Regel W. , Smit G. M. , Terblanche E. , Hendry J. A.
Published: August 2019

The goal of this study was to compare the anaerobic working capacity of asthmatic children to that of a healthy control group and to ascertain the relationship between the degree of asthma, anaerobic exercise and percentage body fat. A total of 41 children, 21 asthmatics and 20 healthy children (13-18 years) were tested. Three variables - percentage body fat, pulmonary function and fitness - were measured. It was found that there is very little difference between the asthmatic and the healthy child, with regard to anthropometric measurements, fitness and anaerobic working capacity. A poor correlation was found between percentage body fat, pulmonary function and anaerobic working capacity. The results further showed that there is a slight correlation between the percentage body fat and anaerobic working capacity. This tendency can only be confirmed with a larger random sample of children.The researchers conclude that asthmatics, irrespective of the degree of asthma, are not restricted as far as anaerobic activities are concerned. They can  therefore lead a normal healthy life and, as far as anaerobic exercise is  concerned, can compete on equal terms with healthy children.
An investigation into post-graduate physiotherapy education in South Africa
Authors: Irwin-Carruthers S. H.
Published: August 2019

This article outlines the development of post-graduate physiotherapy education in South Africa and the problems encountered. The method and results of two surveys are discussed. The first, conducted in 1986, ascertained involvement and interest in post-graduate study, and the reasons for non-participation. The respondents’ needs and preferences were also analysed. The second (1989) survey investigated the extent to which universities were meeting these needs. The difference between clinical specialisation and academic post-graduate study is discussed and the progress made in the former is detailed.Proposals are made for overcoming current problems in postgraduate programmes, including delineating objectives and competencies, optimum management of existing resources and developing new resources. The question remains as to whether the direction in which post-graduate programmes are developing at present can be justified in terms of the needs of the population.
Council meeting: Opening address
Authors: Strauss S. A.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
College of Physiotherapists of South Africa
Authors: Irwin-Carruthers S. H.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Goodbye to professor Raymond Dart
Authors: Tobias Phillip V.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Abstracts of papers presented at National Congress, Pretoria, April 1991
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2019

Gross motor classes for severely to profoundly retarded mentally handicapped by J.A.C. Gilder. Lentegeur Hospital.Physiotherapeutic management of Guillain-Barré patients in the Johannesburg hospital by L. Hale. Physiotherapy Department, Johannesburg Hospital.Pressure sores in paraplegia: Where are we now? by R. Henn. Physiotherapy Department, Rand Mutual Hospital.Low power infra-red laser irradiation in the treatment of chronic tendinitis in athletes by L. Jankelowitz. Discipline of Sport Science, Medical School, University of Cape Town.
Characterization of the acoustic output of therapeutic ultrasound equipment
Authors: Van der Merwe M. G. , Bhagwandin N. , Van der Spuy J. E. , Le Roux P. E.
Published: August 2019

The safety and efficacy of ultrasound therapy may be compromised if the output from therapy transducers differs considerably from the indicated value. Although the total power output of a transducer can be easily measured using a pressure balance, it is also important to know how this energy is distributed through space. By using a hydrophone scanning technique, beam profiles of the energy distribution can be obtained. From the beam profiles various parameters such as the effective radiating area (ERA) and the beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) can be determined. Since the spatial-average intensity selected for treatment is a ratio of the emitted ultrasound power and the effective radiating area, it is essential to be able to measure parameters like the effective radiating area. In this study ERA and BNR measurements for commercially available devices were performed with a hydrophone scanning technique.
Myofascial pain: A review - Part I
Authors: Pullen Shelley
Published: August 2019

Myofascial pain syndrome is pain and/or autonomic phenomena referred from active myofascial trigger points with associated dysfunction.It has been said to affect human well-being and productivity even to the extent of driving some people to suicide.A literature review of myofascial pain is presented. An interesting historical view of muscular pain is discussed.
New method of measuring the degree of lumbar spine curvature in pregnant women
Authors: Mitchell Jeanette , Ness Donnèe , Whitelock Sandra
Published: August 2019

There are very few studies which record measurements of the degree of lumbar spine curvature. This study reports a new method of measuring the angle of curvature of the lumbar spine in pregnant women, using photography. It is a simple, cost-effective and non-invasive method which can be used in the laboratory or the clinical situation. The study sample consisted of 13 healthy, middle-class, English-speaking, South African, Caucasian women, aged between 20 and 40 years, in the third trimester of pregnancy. A mean angle of 33,9 ±3,6 (SD) degrees, representing the degree of lumbar spine curvature, was obtained.
Clinical notes - Minor shoulder instabilities
Authors: Lauterbach Gisela
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
El Futuro de Madre de Dios
Authors: Vanthomme Hadrien , Sánchez-Cuervo Ana María , Gárate Paola , Bravo Adriana , Dallmeier Francisco
Published: August 2019

Madre de Dios en Perú es una de las regiones con mayor biodiversidad en la Tierra, y es una pieza central para conectar áreas protegidas dentro del Corredor de Conservación Vilcabamba–Amboró. Como se reveló con imágenes satelitales, el paisaje excepcional de Madre de Dios está amenazado por un desarrollo no planificado a lo largo de la Carretera Interoceánica, que divide la región de norte a sur. Los cambios en el uso del suelo en los últimos 25 años han reducido la conectividad del paisaje y han degradado los servicios ecosistémicos de los que dependen los habitantes de Madre de Dios. El Centro para la Conservación y la Sostenibilidad del Smithsonian desarrolló una nueva herramienta para ayudar a los actores claves de Madre de Dios a definir una visión común para el futuro de su región: el Simulador de Paisajes Productivos del Smithsonian. El Futuro de Madre de Dios presenta el marco y la implementación de esta herramienta participativa, holística y cuantitativa. El estudio contempla cuatro escenarios de cambios futuros para la región: tendencias actuales, expansión de la minería de oro aluvial, ordenamiento territorial y conservación del paisaje. Los cambios en la cobertura del suelo esperados en cada escenario hasta 2040 se modelan, y los paisajes resultantes se evalúan para 15 indicadores de éxito, que abarcan la prosperidad económica, el bienestar humano y la integridad ambiental. Este libro ilustra los resultados de estos análisis y presenta recomendaciones que contribuirán a la promoción del desarrollo sostenible en Madre de Dios.
2019/13 A long-term functional impairment? (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K.
Published: August 2019

2019/13 A long-term functional impairment? (DK)

An employee’s functional impairment, which at the time of dismissal had had a duration of 11 months and with an uncertain prognosis, was not deemed a long-term one. For that reason, the Danish Western High Court found that the employee was not disabled within the meaning of the Anti-Discrimination Act or Directive 2000/78 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation.
2019/14 Termination indemnity based on reduced remuneration for worker dismissed during part-time career break compatible with EU law (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier
Published: August 2019

2019/14 Termination indemnity based on reduced remuneration for worker dismissed during part-time career break compatible with EU law (BE)

According to the Labour Court of Mons, calculating the termination indemnity of a worker based on the reduced remuneration paid during a career break called ‘time-credit’ is compatible with EU law, despite the Meerts judgment regarding parental leave.
2019/16 Pay discrimination based on gender in third level college (IE)
Authors: O’Leary Orla
Published: August 2019

2019/16 Pay discrimination based on gender in third level college (IE)

A recent decision by the Irish Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) found that a third level college lecturer had not been discriminated against on the grounds of gender in relation to her pay.
2019/17 Non-discrimination based on gender in the employment relationship (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Ion Gabriela
Published: August 2019

2019/17 Non-discrimination based on gender in the employment relationship (RO)

A decision taken by an employer based on gender which respects the national legislation was considered discriminatory based on EU legislation.
2019/19 Employer liable for wrongful disclosure of data by ‘rogue’ employee (UK)
Authors: Illing Sean
Published: August 2019

2019/19 Employer liable for wrongful disclosure of data by ‘rogue’ employee (UK)

The German Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, the ‘BAG’) has held that pre-employment as a freelancer must be taken into account in relation to the number of years having been with a firm as a freelancer when assessing the legality of a fixed-term contract due to the character of the specific deployment.
2019/20 How to interpret the Posting of Workers Directive in the cross-border road transport sector? Dutch Supreme Court asks the ECJ for guidance (NL)
Authors: Even Zef , Zwanenburg Amber
Published: August 2019

2019/20 How to interpret the Posting of Workers Directive in the cross-border road transport sector? Dutch Supreme Court asks the ECJ for guidance (NL)

In this transnational road transport case, the Dutch Supreme Court had to elaborate on the ECJ Koelzsch and Schlecker cases and asks for guidance from the ECJ on the applicability and interpretation of the Posting of Workers Directive.
2019/22 Supreme Court applies Max Planck and Kreuziger judgments (LV)
Authors: Burkevics Andis
Published: August 2019

2019/22 Supreme Court applies Max Planck and Kreuziger judgments (LV)

The Latvian Supreme Court recently used the ECJ Max Planck and Kreuziger judgments to explain how an employer can escape its obligation to compensate an employee for unused leave at the end of the employment relationship. The employer must prove that (a) it was possible for the employee to use the leave, and (b) the employer has in good time informed the employee that leave, if not used, might be lost and will not be compensated.
Modernist Architecture in Illustrative Art for Children and Teenagers in the People’s Republic of Poland
Authors: Friedrich Jacek
Published: August 2019

Books and periodicals for children and teenagers constituted an important instrument of education and also social persuasion in the People’s Republic of Poland. In such publications, illustrations played a crucial role. Printed in several dozen or even several hundred thousand copies, such publications circulated among great numbers of young readers, therefore becoming a very effective medium for disseminating certain desired views. There can be no doubt that the messages directed at the youth largely reflected the opinions held by the adult section of the society: the authors and the people ordering and authorising the publication. The numerous topics presented in a form suitable for young readers included architecture. The nature of architecture-related themes was varied indeed; at times architecture (historical or contemporary) appeared in the foreground, but most often depictions of buildings served only as a visual backdrop for the narrated story. However, even presented in the background, the forms of architecture chosen by illustrators were not received indifferently by the readers, since they conveyed a certain model imagery of houses, flats, housing estates, or entire cities. Since such images were published by the thousand, a thorough analysis of the issue would not fit the spatial constraints of a single article. The aim of the text is, therefore, restricted to identifying the possibility for expanding the source material for studies on architectural culture; it focuses on a single theme, namely the methods in which publications for children and young readers issued in communist Poland presented, and often even propagated, modernist architecture. Due to the choice of the subject matter, the article mainly concentrates on the period of the post-Stalinist Thaw when modern forms gained a true monopoly in Polish architecture. The tendencies observable in architectural theory and practice at the time were reflected with considerable fidelity in publications for young audiences. Popular images included the vision of a modern metropolis with heavy pedestrian and automobile traffic, full of high-rise buildings, lit by lamps and neon lights after dark. Depictions of modernist housing estates with blocks of flats, as well as modern schools or playgrounds were equally common. The message conveyed by such imagery may easily be summarised by the title of one of the children’s rhymes analysed above, namely Nasz dom [Our home]. Both the texts and the visual depictions of the day constructed a vision in which modernist architecture became the natural habitat of contemporary people. The present article describes numerous depictions which corroborate such an interpretation of the phenomenon under analysis.
The role of microbiological analysis as a diagnostic tool of periodontitis: a clinical study
Authors: Orzechowska Agata , Górski Bartłomiej , Górska Renata
Published: August 2019

Oral bacteria take the the form of biofilms, which – due to their complex structure – are characterized by high resistance to many external factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of subgingival biofilm in pockets ≥7 mm in an effort to answer the question whether the presence of selected bacteria of the red complex and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans may determine the diagnosis in the context of the new classification of periodontal diseases.
The study included two groups of patients: 30 individuals with periodontitis Grade B (Stage III or IV) and 30 subjects with periodontitis Grade C (Stage III or IV). Each patient had at least one PPD ≥ 7 mm. The study group consisted of 26 males and 34 females, mean age 43.8 ± 15.2 years. Selected periodontal parameters were evaluated as well as microbiological quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed regarding bacterial flora in the pockets for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
The total number of bacteria was higher in patients with periodontitis Grade B, as compared to periodontitis Grade C. The number of P. gingivalis was higher in patients with periodontitis Grade B at 157.4*10^3 versus 139.9*10^3 in Grade C patients (p = 0.033). There was no difference in the occurrence of T. denticola depending on the diagnosis (p = 0.228). The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was confirmed only in four patients with periodontitis Grade C (p = 0.186). A moderate correlation was observed between the occurrence of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in patients with periodontitis Grade B (r = 0.51, p = 0.004).
The composition of subgingival biofilm was very similar in patients with periodontitis Grade B and periodontitis Grade C. We may speculate that periododntitis grade may not be distinguished according to a simple analysis of subgingival plaque with respect to P. gingivalis, T. denticola and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Armenia Caught Between (In-)Compatible Legal Orders: Paths of Competitive and Cumulative Integration
Authors: Harzl Benedikt , Mickonytė Aistė
Published: August 2019

In 2013, Armenia abandoned the plan to sign the Association Agreement and to establish a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) with the EU. Instead, it acceded to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Against this U-turn in Armenia’s integration agenda, this contribution critically investigates the (in)compatibility of participation in the European and the Eurasian legal orders. While the customs union-based regional integration processes preclude Armenia’s participation in both, the authors argue that the strict dichotomy of having to choose one or another transnational legal order and the subsequent legal and political divisions harm Armenia and hamper the achievement of objectives inherent to the EU’s Eastern Neighborhood. It will be argued that this dichotomy may be overcome by a rapprochement between the EU and the EAEU, potentially through contractual relations. Moreover the creative ways in which the EU already provides for differentiated integration could be adapted to enable Armenia reconcile legal approximation with the EU with its engagement within the Eurasian region.
Mass and Social Media in Ukraine: Between Chaos and Media Capture
Authors: Mylovanova Zoya , Ostrovska Kseniya
Published: August 2019

Democracy requires well-functioning mass media, i.e. media that are professional, diverse and independent providing accurate, unbiased and accessible information. Pervasive and systematic propaganda, which is a key warfare tool of “hybrid wars” of nowadays as the case of Ukraine so well illustrates, is detrimental to the freedom of the media and has to be addressed by the state. The article provides an overview of the current Ukrainian media legislation, focusing, in particular, on the measures taken by Ukraine to counterbalance foreign propaganda as well as the risks of media capture and the threat to the freedom of press that such measures entail.
Die staatliche Blockierung des Zugangs zu Internetinhalten in Russland – Eine Analyse aus verfassungsrechtlicher Sicht
Authors: Beriger Julian-Ivan
Published: August 2019

Since 2012, the legal possibilities for state blocking of web content in Russia have been largely expanded by amendments to the Federal Information Act (Art. 15.1.-15.8. Federal law of 27 July 2006 No. 149-FZ). Therefore, Internet censorship has been steadily growing in Russia over the last years. From a constitutional point of view, the “ordinary procedure” in Art. 15.1. InfoG and the “express block” in Art. 15.3. InfoG are the most important state blocking procedures. While in the “ordinary procedure” the owner of the website is given the opportunity to voluntarily delete the offending information, the “express block” suggests immediate blocking of the relevant websites by order of the Attorney General of the Russian Federation. The state blocking of online content affects the right to information and communication and the freedom of expression, guaranteed in Art. 29 of the Russian Constitution (Art. 10 ECHR and Art. 19 ICCPR). The current blocking practice of the Russian authorities does not meet the requirement of “proportionality“ of state action, which is stated by Art. 55 (3) of the Russian Constitution (Art. 10 (2) ECHR and Art. 19 (2) ICCPR). Legal regulation of the internet is expected to continue growing in Russia due to the various legislative initiatives in this field.
The Coincidence of the Finite and the Infinite in Spinoza and Hegel
Authors: Sánchez de León Serrano José María , Shein Noa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a reassessment of Hegel’s critical reading of Spinoza and of the charge of acosmism, for which this reading is known. We argue that this charge is actually the consequence of a more fundamental criticism, namely Spinoza’s presumable inability to conceive the unity of the finite and the infinite. According to Hegel, the infinite and the finite remain two poles apart in Spinoza’s metaphysics, which thus fails to be a true monism, insofar as it contains an irreducible duality. Against this reading, we argue that Spinoza’s conception of the causal co-determination of finite modes entails the acknowledgment of their essentially infinite nature. The study of this particular instance of coincidentia oppositorum enables to counter some of Hegel’s criticisms as well as to illuminate a fairly unexplored aspect of Spinoza’s substance monism.
Influence of sodium chloride on the dehydroascorbate reductase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana catalase 2 knokout mutant
Authors: Buzduga I. M. , Volkov R. A. , Panchuk I. I.
Published: August 2019

Aim. To better understand the mechanisms of abiotic stress resistance in plants, it is important to clarify the role of individual antioxidant enzymes from the same multiproteinic family in the response to stress. It is known that the loss of some isoforms of antioxidant enzymes can be compensated by activation of other enzymes. However, the functional interaction of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes with catalase under salt stress still remains unexplored. Respectively, we determined the activity of DHAR in knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress. Methods. The DHAR activity was determined in the knock-out line cat2 and in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants after various regimes of treatment with sodium chloride. Results. After treatment with 200 mM sodium chloride in the dark, activation of DHAR was found after 8 hours in WT plants and after 4 hours in the knock-out line cat2. However stress treatment under illumination resulted in significant increase in DHAR activity after 8 hours in both studied lines. In this case, DHAR activity in cat2 was lower than in WT, whereas in non-treated plants or upon stress treatment in the dark no difference between the tested lines was detected. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that under salt stress conditions, changes in the DHAR activity are included into functional rearrangements of the antioxidant system in cat2 line, which compensate the loss of activity of CAT2 isoenzyme.Keywords: dehydroascorbate reductase, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), salt stress, Arabidopsis thaliana
Self-incompatibility allele identification in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars
Authors: Ivanovych Ya. I. , Tryapitsyna N. V. , Udovychenko K. M. , Volkov R. A.
Published: August 2019

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.