bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The journey to engaged customer community: Evidential social CRM maturity model in Twitter
Authors: Yahav Inbal , Schwartz David G. , Welcman Yaara
Published: December 2019

We investigate the company use of Twitter as a platform for social customer relations management (SCRM) to find that message type and follower growth follow an identifiable maturity model. Studying longitudinal Twitter data from 73 Standard and Poor's companies, we find that companies map into one of two distinct maturity stages as reflected in the content of company‐generated messages. The first maturity stage consists of branding, where the focus is on customer acquisition up to a certain volume, at the expense of their engagement. The second is social care, where the focus is on retaining customers and increased engagement. We further find that companies have relatively little control over their maturity stage and that investing in social care in the first stage, aiming to increase engagement, is not effective. Proper understanding and recognition of the Twitter SCRM maturity model will allow companies to assess their methods and processes according to SCRM best practices.
Telomere‐Specialized Retroelements in Drosophila: Adaptive Symbionts of the Genome, Neutral, or in Conflict?
Authors: Markova Dragomira N. , Christensen Shawn M. , Betrán Esther
Published: December 2019

Linear chromosomes shorten in every round of replication. In Drosophila, telomere‐specialized long interspersed retrotransposable elements (LINEs) belonging to the jockey clade offset this shortening by forming head‐to‐tail arrays at Drosophila telomere ends. As such, these telomeric LINEs have been considered adaptive symbionts of the genome, protecting it from premature decay, particularly as Drosophila lacks a conventional telomerase holoenzyme. However, as reviewed here, recent work reveals a high degree of variation and turnover in the telomere‐specialized LINE lineages across Drosophila. There appears to be no absolute requirement for LINE activity to maintain telomeres in flies, hence the suggestion that the telomere‐specialized LINEs may instead be neutral or in conflict with the host, rather than adaptive.
Oxidative stress‐alleviating strategies to improve recombinant protein production in CHO cells
Authors: Chevallier Valentine , Andersen Mikael Rørdam , Malphettes Laetitia
Published: December 2019

Large scale biopharmaceutical production of biologics relies on the overexpression of foreign proteins by cells cultivated in stirred tank bioreactors. It is well recognized and documented fact that protein overexpression may impact host cell metabolism and that factors associated with large scale culture, such as the hydrodynamic forces and inhomogeneities within the bioreactors, may promote cellular stress. The metabolic adaptations required to support the high‐level expression of recombinant proteins include increased energy production and improved secretory capacity, which, in turn, can lead to a rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through the respiration metabolism and the interaction with media components. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant response within the cells. Accumulation of intracellular ROS can interfere with the cellular activities and exert cytotoxic effects via the alternation of cellular components. In this context, strategies aiming to alleviate oxidative stress generated during the culture have been developed to improve cell growth, productivity, and reduce product microheterogeneity. In this review, we present a summary of the different approaches used to decrease the oxidative stress in Chinese hamster ovary cells and highlight media development and cell engineering as the main pathways through which ROS levels may be kept under control.
Regulation of apoptosis by E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin proteasome system
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Trivedi Arun K.
Published: December 2019

Apoptosis is an organised ATP‐dependent programmed cell death that organisms have evolved to maintain homoeostatic cell numbers and eliminate unnecessary or unhealthy cells from the system. Dysregulation of apoptosis can have serious manifestations culminating into various diseases, especially cancer. Accurate control of apoptosis requires regulation of a wide range of growth enhancing as well as anti‐oncogenic factors. Appropriate regulation of magnitude and temporal expression of key proteins is vital to maintain functional apoptotic signalling. Controlled protein turnover is thus critical to the unhindered operation of the apoptotic machinery, disruption of which can have severe consequences, foremost being oncogenic transformation of cells. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is one such major cellular pathway that maintains homoeostatic protein levels. Recent studies have found interesting links between these two fundamental cellular processes, wherein UPS depending on the cue can either inhibit or promote apoptosis. A diverse range of E3 ligases are involved in regulating the turnover of key proteins of the apoptotic pathway. This review summarises an overview of key E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the regulation of the fundamental proteins involved in apoptosis, linking UPS to apoptosis and attempts to emphasize the significance of this relationship in context of cancer.
Intermetallic Compounds as an Alternative to Single‐atom Alloy Catalysts: Geometric and Electronic Structures from Advanced X‐ray Spectroscopies and Computational Studies
Authors: Wegener Evan C. , Bukowski Brandon C. , Yang Dali , Wu Zhenwei , Kropf A. Jeremy , Delgass W. N. , Greeley Jeffrey , Zhang Guanghui , Miller Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2019

Pt−Fe intermetallic compound (IMC) catalysts, including Pt3Fe, PtFe and PtFe3, are shown to have advantageous catalytic properties similar to those reported for single‐atom alloy catalysts. Suppresion of the Pt ensembles responsible for hydrogenolysis results in high olefin selectivity during propane dehydrogenation. In situ resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) results and density functional theory calculations show that these changes are associated with a decrease in the average energy of the filled 5d states of Pt in the Pt−Fe intermetallic compound structures compared to monometallic Pt, accompanied by an increase in the average energy of the unfilled valence bands. The decrease in energy of the filled Pt 5d orbitals increases with increasing Fe content in the IMC, i.e. PtFe3>PtFe>Pt3Fe. These results demonstrate that by altering the stoichiometry of IMC catalysts it is possible to control both the ensemble size and electronic properties of active sites, which affords another mechanism for tuning catalytic properties, in addition to changing promoter metals. The present study demonstrates the potential of ordered intermetallic compounds as an alternative to traditional solid‐solution single‐atom alloys to serve as catalysts with well‐defined and uniform active sites.
Comparative Study of the Flue Gas Desulfurization Using Different‐Grade Natural Manganese Oxides
Authors: Chen Yongxiang , Li Jianguo , Li Yunjiao , Cao Xinlong , Tang Sanchuan , Wang Shilei , Chang Shenhong , Ye Wanqi , Li Wei
Published: December 2019

Different grades of natural manganese ores were used to remove SO2 by dry flue gas desulfurization. The grades of the manganese ores were negatively correlated with the desulfurization performance. The produced MnSO4 enriched on the surface would block the gas diffusion channels during desulfurization. The better desulfurization properties of the low‐grade manganese ores are ascribed to the highly active γ‐MnO2, the porous structure, and the high specific surface area as well as the SiO2 bridge‐like effects. This study supports the cooperative use of sulfur‐containing flue gases and low‐grade natural manganese oxides.
Modeling of Mixing‐Precipitation Processes: Agglomeration
Authors: Orlewski Pawel M. , Mazzotti Marco
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive description of the barium sulfate precipitation process in a wide range of supersaturations is presented. By using an additive to stabilize the particles, the decoupling of the primary from the secondary processes, as well as the agglomeration from aggregation was possible. By being able to study the two processes independently, a model describing the agglomeration of barium sulfate in the range of high supersaturations was validated experimentally for the first time. The proposed model has proven to describe the experiments with a high degree of accuracy in the whole range of supersaturations investigated. Additionally, by comparing agglomeration kernels of various complexity, ranges where simplifications are possible were identified, thus enabling the future development of models with better performance.
Effect of Electrolyte Ions on the Formation, Electroactivity, and Rectification Properties of Films Obtained by Electrografting
Authors: Ramírez‐Chan Daniel E. , Fragoso‐Soriano Rogelio , González Felipe J.
Published: December 2019

The oxidation of 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)butyrate ions in acetonitrile was used to modify glassy carbon surfaces with films bearing 3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)propyl groups. The main features of the voltammetric reduction of the grafted nitrophenyl groups were studied in two different supporting electrolytes; n‐Bu4NPF6 and Me4NPF6. The best response was obtained with the less bulky electrolyte, which was explained by the major capability of these ions to diffuse inside the channels of the grafted film, as well as the better stabilization of the radical anions generated during the reduction process. It was also shown that the films electrografted in presence of the bulky n‐Bu4NPF6 are thicker but less compact than those prepared in Me4NPF6. The amount of nitrophenyl groups in the grafted film that can be reduced depends on the size of the electrolyte ions. The permeation of the electrolyte ions inside the film channels determines also the voltammetric behavior of ferrocene as redox probe. A current rectification phenomenon was observed in acetonitrile solutions of bulky and hydrophobic electrolytes like n‐Bu4NPF6 and n‐Hx4NPF6, whose marginal inclusion inside the film channels promotes both the entrance of ferrocene and the expelling of ferrocenium ions from these ones. This phenomenon was emulated through a CEC mechanism in solution, where the diffusion inside the channels was described as single chemical equilibria.
Intermetallic PtBi Nanoplates with High Catalytic Activity towards Electro‐oxidation of Formic Acid and Glycerol
Authors: Wang Chang‐Yi , Yu Zhi‐Yuan , Li Gen , Song Qian‐Tong , Li Guang , Luo Chen‐Xu , Yin Shu‐Hu , Lu Bang‐An , Xiao Chi , Xu Bin‐Bin , Zhou Zhi‐You , Tian Na , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: December 2019

Despite considerable progress made for direct liquid fuel cells, developing efficient electrocatalysts for the oxidation of small organic molecules reaction remains a challenge. Herein, we employed a facile one‐pot method to synthesize hexagonal intermetallic PtBi nanoplates. Benefiting from the unique structure and third body effect, the mass activity of formic acid oxidation on PtBi/C at peak potential reaches 9.06 A ⋅ mgPt−1, which is 10.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst, making it the most efficient electrocatalyst ever reported. In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed that the introduction of Bi suppresses dramatically CO‐poisoning, which effectively improves the activity and stability towards formic acid oxidation. Furthermore, in situ FTIR spectra of glycerol oxidation indicate that much more oxalate and tartronate are produced on PtBi/C than that on Pt/C, and a plausible reaction mechanism for the oxidation of glycerol on PtBi/C catalyst in alkaline solution was proposed.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production with a Molecular Cobalt Complex in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wilken Mona , Siewert Inke
Published: December 2019

Herein, we present the synthesis of a cobalt complex with a pentadentate ligand platform and its application in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (LCF3=2,6‐bis(methoxybis(4‐trifluormethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)pyridine). The complex is active in neutral to acidic solvent mixtures containing 50 % water. Electronic tuning in the ligand backbone, that is introduction of electron‐withdrawing CF3‐groups, shifts the onset potential of the catalytic wave to less negative potentials. NMR and UV/Vis studies indicate that the CoIII complex is deprotonated twice in the ligand backbone under neutral conditions. Reduction is accompanied by protonation, as indicated by pH‐dependent CV measurements, and the CoI state initiates catalysis. The result suggests that the pentadentate ligand is an ideal platform for cobalt catalysts in the oxidative and reductive water splitting reaction.
Photoinduced, Direct C(sp2)−H Bond Azo Coupling of Imidazoheteroarenes and Imidazoanilines with Aryl Diazonium Salts Catalyzed by Eosin Y
Authors: Saba Sumbal , Dos Santos Caio R. , Zavarise Bruno R. , Naujorks Aline A. S. , Franco Marcelo S. , Schneider Alex R. , Scheide Marcos R. , Affeldt Ricardo F. , Rafique Jamal , Braga Antonio L.
Published: December 2019

Herein, a greener approach to the eosin Y‐Na2 catalyzed, C(sp2)−H bond azo coupling of imidazoheteroarene with aryl diazonium salts is described, under acid free conditions. This direct photoredox process resulted in the corresponding azo products in good to excellent yields. Besides, this new approach could also be applicable to anilines, which is a poorly reactive substrate by other methods. The main features of this reaction are that it provides high yields and is gram‐scalable and applicable to biologically relevant imidazoheteroarenes and ‐anilines.
An algorithm for coupling multibranch in vitro experiment to numerical physiology simulation for a hybrid cardiovascular model
Authors: Mirzaei Ehsan , Farahmand Masoud , Kung Ethan
Published: December 2019

The hybrid cardiovascular modeling approach integrates an in vitro experiment with a computational lumped‐parameter simulation, enabling direct physical testing of medical devices in the context of closed‐loop physiology. The interface between the in vitro and computational domains is essential for properly capturing the dynamic interactions of the two. To this end, we developed an iterative algorithm capable of coupling an in vitro experiment containing multiple branches to a lumped‐parameter physiology simulation. This algorithm identifies the unique flow waveform solution for each branch of the experiment using an iterative Broyden's approach. For the purpose of algorithm testing, we first used mathematical surrogates to represent the in vitro experiments and demonstrated five scenarios where the in vitro surrogates are coupled to the computational physiology of a Fontan patient. This testing approach allows validation of the coupling result accuracy as the mathematical surrogates can be directly integrated into the computational simulation to obtain the “true solution” of the coupled system. Our algorithm successfully identified the solution flow waveforms in all test scenarios with results matching the true solutions with high accuracy. In all test cases, the number of iterations to achieve the desired convergence criteria was less than 130. To emulate realistic in vitro experiments in which noise contaminates the measurements, we perturbed the surrogate models by adding random noise. The convergence tolerance achievable with the coupling algorithm remained below the magnitudes of the added noise in all cases. Finally, we used this algorithm to couple a physical experiment to the computational physiology model to demonstrate its real‐world applicability.
Superior Electrochemical Performance of Pristine Nickel Hexaaminobenzene MOF Supercapacitors Fabricated by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Wechsler S. C. , Amir F. Z.
Published: December 2019

2 D Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes because of their controllable structure, tunable pore size, and high specific surface area. In this study, the fabrication of pristine MOF nickel hexaaminobenzene Ni3(HAB)2 supercapacitor electrodes by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was reported. The MOF‐based symmetric supercapacitor demonstrated a superior electrochemical capacitive performance over a potential window of 0–1.0 V and displayed an areal capacitance of 13.64 mF cm−2 and a remarkable ultra‐high cycling stability with a retention of 81 % over 50 000 cycles. The supercapacitor's outstanding performance was attributed to the binder‐free EPD process and to the 2 D MOF nanosheets, which facilitate ion diffusion throughout the electrodes. These promising results demonstrate the potential of using pristine MOFs as the next generation of materials for energy‐storage applications.
Natural Polymers as Green Binders for High‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Ruschhaupt Peter , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano
Published: December 2019

The state‐of‐the‐art aqueous binder for supercapacitors is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). However, it limits the mass loading of the coatings owing to shrinkage upon drying. In this work, natural polymers, that is, guar gum (GG), wheat starch (WS), and potato starch (PS), were studied as alternatives. The flexibility and adhesion of the resulting coatings and electrochemical performance was tested. The combination of 75:25 (w/w) ratio PS/GG showed a promising performance. Electrodes were characterized by SEM, thermal, adhesion, and bending tests. Their electrochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cycling experiments. The PS/GG mixture conformed well to criteria for industrial production, enabling mass loadings higher than CMC (7.0 mg cm−2) while granting the same specific capacitance (26 F g−1) and power performance (20 F g−1 at 10 A g−1). Including the mass of the current collector, this represents a +45 % increase in specific energy at the electrode level.
Flow cytometry aneuploidy and cell cycle indexing as a possible tool for differentiating between CD10+ diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma
Authors: Azoulay David , Cohen Hector I. , Dementiev Eugene , Eshel Elizabeth , Akria Luiza , Shaoul Ety , Horowitz Netanel
Published: December 2019

Background

Differential diagnosis between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) becomes a challenge when adequate biopsy is unavailable. The present study aimed to investigate the applicability of DNA cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry (FC) for differentiating between CD10+ DLBCL and FL.

Methods

Data were collected from 57 specimens where CD5−/CD10+/light chain restricted B cells were detected. DNA staining was performed using the Coulter DNA Prep Kit. Cell cycle fractions were evaluated by automatic analysis using the ModFit LT software.

Results

Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of CD10+ FL in 30 specimens (52.6%), CD10+ DLBCL in 24 specimens (42.1%), and CD10+ Burkitt lymphoma in 3 specimens (5.3%). A significantly higher rate of DNA aneuploidy was detected among CD10+ DLBCL than FL specimens (50 vs. 13.3% respectively, p = .003). Likewise, DNA index was significantly higher in CD10+ DLBCL relative to FL (1.26 ± 0.35 vs. 1.04 ± 0.16 respectively, p = .004). Notably, the proportion of cells in the S‐phase and proliferative fraction was significantly higher in CD10+ DLBCL than in CD10+ FL (S‐phase: 15.97 ± 13.94 vs. 4.43 ± 4.41 mean ± SD, respectively, p < .0001; proliferative fraction: 18.87 ± 15.17 vs. 5.78 ± 7.04 mean ± SD, respectively, p = .0001). Using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cutoffs for S‐phase ≥7% and proliferative fraction ≥9% were determined. These values could be used to differentiate between CD10+ DLBCL and CD10+ FL.

Conclusion

Including DNA cell cycle analysis in the FC lymphoma assessment panel may be of diagnostic value in differentiating between CD10+ DLBCL and FL when adequate biopsy is unavailable.
Linking community assembly and structure across scales in a wild mouse parasite community
Authors: Rynkiewicz Evelyn C. , Fenton Andy , Pedersen Amy B.
Published: December 2019

Understanding what processes drive community structure is fundamental to ecology. Many wild animals are simultaneously infected by multiple parasite species, so host–parasite communities can be valuable tools for investigating connections between community structures at multiple scales, as each host can be considered a replicate parasite community. Like free‐living communities, within‐host–parasite communities are hierarchical; ecological interactions between hosts and parasites can occur at multiple scales (e.g., host community, host population, parasite community within the host), therefore, both extrinsic and intrinsic processes can determine parasite community structure. We combine analyses of community structure and assembly at both the host population and individual scales using extensive datasets on wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and their parasite community. An analysis of parasite community nestedness at the host population scale provided predictions about the order of infection at the individual scale, which were then tested using parasite community assembly data from individual hosts from the same populations. Nestedness analyses revealed parasite communities were significantly more structured than random. However, observed nestedness did not differ from null models in which parasite species abundance was kept constant. We did not find consistency between observed community structure at the host population scale and within‐host order of infection. Multi‐state Markov models of parasite community assembly showed that a host's likelihood of infection with one parasite did not consistently follow previous infection by a different parasite species, suggesting there is not a deterministic order of infection among the species we investigated in wild wood mice. Our results demonstrate that patterns at one scale (i.e., host population) do not reliably predict processes at another scale (i.e., individual host), and that neutral or stochastic processes may be driving the patterns of nestedness observed in these communities. We suggest that experimental approaches that manipulate parasite communities are needed to better link processes at multiple ecological scales.
Patterns and potential drivers of intraspecific variability in the body C, N, and P composition of a terrestrial consumer, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus)
Authors: Rizzuto Matteo , Leroux Shawn J. , Vander Wal Eric , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Heckford Travis R. , Balluffi‐Fry Juliana
Published: December 2019

Intraspecific variability in ecological traits is widespread in nature. Recent evidence, mostly from aquatic ecosystems, shows individuals differing at the most fundamental level, that of their chemical composition. Age, sex, or body size and condition may be key drivers of intraspecific variability in the body concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). However, we still have a rudimentary understanding of the patterns and drivers of intraspecific variability in chemical composition of terrestrial consumers, particularly vertebrates.

Here, we investigate the elemental composition of the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus. Based on snowshoe hare ecology, we predicted older, larger individuals to have higher concentration of N or P and lower C content compared with younger, smaller individuals. We also predicted females to have higher concentrations of N, P, and lower C than males due to the higher reproductive costs they incur. Finally, we predicted that individuals in better body condition would have higher N and P than those in worse condition, irrespective of age.

We obtained C, N, and P concentrations and ratios from a sample of 50 snowshoe hares. We then used general linear models to test our predictions on the relationship between age, sex, body size or condition and stoichiometric variability in hares.

We found considerable variation in C, N, and P stoichiometry within our sample. Contrary to our predictions, we found weak evidence of N content decreasing with age. As well, sex appeared to have no relationship with hare body elemental composition. Conversely, as expected, P content increased with body size and condition. Finally, we found no relationship between variability in C content and any of our predictor variables.

Snowshoe hare stoichiometry does not appear to vary with individual age, sex, body size, or condition. However, the weak relationship between body N concentration and age may suggest varying nutritional requirements of individuals at different ages. Conversely, body P's weak relationship to body size and condition appears in line with this limiting element's importance in terrestrial ecosystems. Snowshoe hares are keystone herbivores in the boreal forest of North America, and the substantial stoichiometric variability we find in our sample could have important implications for nutrient dynamics, in both boreal and adjacent ecosystems.
Green‐brown polymorphism in alpine grasshoppers affects body temperature
Authors: Köhler Günter , Schielzeth Holger
Published: December 2019

Ectothermic animals depend on external heat sources for pursuing their daily activities. However, reaching sufficiently high temperature can be limiting at high altitudes, where nights are cold and seasons short. We focus on the role of a green‐brown color polymorphism in grasshoppers from alpine habitats. The green‐brown polymorphism is phylogenetically and spatially widespread among Orthopterans and the eco‐evolutionary processes that contribute to its maintenance have not yet been identified.

We here test whether green and brown individuals heat up to different temperatures under field conditions. If they do, this would suggest that thermoregulatory capacity might contribute to the maintenance of the green‐brown polymorphism.

We recorded thorax temperatures of individuals sampled and measured under field conditions. Overall, thorax temperatures ranged 1.7–42.1°C. Heat up during morning hours was particularly rapid, and temperatures stabilized between 31 and 36°C during the warm parts of the day. Female body temperatures were significantly higher than body temperatures of males by an average of 2.4°C. We also found that brown morphs were warmer by 1.5°C on average, a pattern that was particularly supported in the polymorphic club‐legged grasshopperGomphocerus sibiricusand the meadow grasshopperPseudochorthippus parallelus.

The difference in body temperature between morphs might lead to fitness differences that can contribute to the maintenance of the color polymorphism in combination with other components, such as crypsis, that functionally trade‐off with the ability to heat up. The data may be of more general relevance to the maintenance of a high prevalence polymorphism in Orthopteran insects.
Asymmetric competition shapes amphibian response to rapid environmental change
Authors: Thurman Lindsey L. , Garcia Tiffany S.
Published: December 2019

Pond‐breeding amphibians experience climatic variability primarily in the form of seasonal temperature fluctuations and water availability, two factors that are strongly influenced by shifts in climate. Larval amphibians are concurrently exposed to biological stressors, such as competition and predation, as they often co‐occur in diverse, multi‐species assemblages. Thus, to accurately predict species’ response to climate change, we empirically tested the interaction between a biotic and abiotic driver. We focused on three amphibian species that overlap in distribution and phenology across high elevations of the Cascade Mountain Range of the U.S. Pacific Northwest: the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), and Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas). Amphibians in this region are threatened by drought‐induced habitat loss resulting from the shortened hydroperiod and, in some areas, complete elimination of seasonal wetlands. We conducted a fully factorial experiment to determine the interactive effects of competition and drying on amphibian growth, development, and survival. We found that the impact of drying on each species was largely dependent upon interspecific competition dynamics. Competitive interactions, particularly in the three‐species competition treatment, exacerbated the effects of drying, with both competition‐ and context‐dependent responses to these stressors. Through an analysis of species‐level effects, as well as an examination of secondary productivity (i.e., total biomass across treatments), we determined that Cascades frogs are the dominant competitor in this system owing to their larger body size and relative ability to withstand the stress of a rapidly drying hydroperiod. Our results suggest that ignoring biotic interactions in predictions of species response to climate change factors may be misleading.
Sequence analysis and acoustic tracking of individual lake sturgeon identify multiple patterns of river–lake habitat use
Authors: Colborne Scott F. , Hondorp Darryl W. , Holbrook Christopher M. , Lowe Michael R. , Boase James C. , Chiotti Justin A. , Wills Todd C. , Roseman Edward F. , Krueger Charles C.
Published: December 2019

Understanding the spatial ecology of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) has proven to be a challenge due to the life history characteristics of these fish, especially their long life span, intermittent spawning, and long‐distance migrations. Within the Huron‐Erie Corridor (HEC) of the Laurentian Great Lakes, habitat use of 247 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) was monitored over a three‐year period (2015–2017) with acoustic transmitters. Extensive spatial coverage of receivers throughout the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie (~150 km) allowed for continuous monitoring of the movements of acoustic‐tagged individuals. Sequence analysis of individual detection histories was used to describe lake sturgeon habitat use and to determine (1) whether distinct habitat‐use patterns occurred within the HEC; (2) whether the range of habitats occupied varied across seasons among sturgeon grouped by common patterns; and (3) whether variation identified was related to tagging sites in the two rivers or sex. Lake sturgeon were active throughout the HEC, but five distinct habitat‐use patterns were identified. River residents were not broadly distributed across entire rivers, but rather associated with particular segments (middle Detroit River, St. Clair River delta). Variations in habitat‐use sequences were in part related to three river tagging sites, but not sex, and did not produce groups with sequences that reflected all five habitat‐use patterns derived from cluster analysis. Lake sturgeon distribution was reduced to fewer habitat segments during winter and expanded to the maximum extent during the spring and summer. Conservation planning that incorporates behavioral diversity of habitat use is relatively rare due to a lack of observations on movements of individuals at biologically relevant spatial and temporal scales, but using telemetry and sequence analysis methods may promote the success of conservation and restoration efforts.
Probing the Effect of Counterions on the Oxidation of Alcohols Using Oxoammonium Salts
Authors: Miller Shelli A. , Nandi Jyoti , Leadbeater Nicholas E. , Eddy Nicholas A.
Published: December 2019

The effect of varying the counterion in the oxoammonium salt mediated oxidation of alcohols has been probed. Computational and experimental results suggest that the counterion is non‐innocent in oxoammonium salt mediated oxidations and the outcome of the reaction is related, at least in part, to the ability of the hydrogen‐bond accepting nature of the anion.
Reduced surface adsorption in 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene micro free‐flow electrophoresis devices
Authors: Anciaux Sarah K. , Bowser Michael T.
Published: December 2019

We have 3D printed and fabricated micro free‐flow electrophoresis (µFFE) devices in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) that exhibit minimal surface adsorption without requiring additional surface coatings or specialized buffer additives. 2D, nano LC–micro free flow electrophoresis (2D nLC × µFFE) separations were used to assess both spatial and temporal broadening as peaks eluted through the separation channel. Minimal broadening due to wall adsorption was observed in either the spatial or temporal dimensions during separations of rhodamine 110, rhodamine 123, and fluorescein. Surface adsorption was observed in separations of Chromeo P503 labeled myoglobin and cytochrome c but was significantly reduced compared to previously reported glass devices. Peak widths of < 30 s were observed for both proteins. For comparison, Chromeo P503 labeled myoglobin and cytochrome c adsorb strongly to the surface of glass µFFE devices resulting in peak widths >20 min. A 2D nLC × µFFE separation of a Chromeo P503 labeled tryptic digest of BSA was performed to demonstrate the high peak capacity possible due to the low surface adsorption in the 3D printed ABS devices, even in the absence of surface coatings or buffer additives.
Dynamic capillarity during displacement process in fractured tight reservoirs with multiple fluid viscosities
Authors: Li Ying , Luo Hongwen , Li Haitao , Chen Shengnan , Jiang Xiaorong , Li Jingfa
Published: December 2019

Dynamic capillarity commonly exists for multiphase flow in porous media, during which fluid viscosity varies and has strong influence. Displacement experiments are conducted on water‐wet, fractured tight rock at in situ pressure and temperature of an oil reservoir via a specially designed apparatus to investigate the effects of fluid viscosity on the dynamic capillarity. The dynamic effect in the matrix is examined through the measurement and calculation of capillary pressure, the dynamic coefficient, and the fluid flow behavior. The results show that with a higher oil viscosity: (a) both the steady and the dynamic capillary pressures reverse their directions more quickly and behave as larger resistances in the matrix; (b) the difference between the steady and the dynamic capillary pressures becomes around 5%‐19% more significant; (c) water saturation changes more slowly corresponding to the lower water relative permeability, while oil relative permeability quickly becomes lower than that during the basic displacement process; and (d) the dynamic coefficient becomes 2‐3 times higher, and the dynamic contact angle becomes 10%‐25% larger, showing a more variable interface. A contact angle advancement coefficient is proposed to identify the significance of contact angle advancement and the competition between capillary pressure and viscous force. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of multiphase flow in tight reservoirs and enhancing oil recovery.
Conserving transboundary wildlife migrations: recent insights from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Middleton Arthur D , Sawyer Hall , Merkle Jerod A , Kauffman Matthew J , Cole Eric K , Dewey Sarah R , Gude Justin A , Gustine David D , McWhirter Douglas E , Proffitt Kelly M , White PJ
Published: December 2019

Animal migrations are ecologically, culturally, and economically important. Ungulate populations in many parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas migrate long distances to access seasonally available resources, traversing vast landscapes in large numbers. Yet some migrations are declining, raising concerns among scientists and natural resource managers. We synthesize recent advances in ungulate migration ecology with relevance to management and policy. Using case studies from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), we show how new tools can be applied to map ungulate migrations and assess threats across multiple seasonal habitats, serving as a conservation roadmap. To help conserve ungulate migrations, we also propose a transboundary science, policy, and management framework that could be adapted beyond theGYEand that encompasses the needs of multiple species. The key elements of this framework consist of more widespread mapping and assessment of migrations, improved federal and state coordination across jurisdictional lines, increased investment in private land conservation, and strong engagement of local stakeholders positioned to sustain conservation activities over the long term.
Efficient All‐2D Amorphous Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets/Multilayered Molybdenum Disulfide Hybrid Heterojunction Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Zhenbang , Liu Pu , Yang Guowei
Published: December 2019

Hydrogen energy is considered to be a critical environmentally friendly and widely sourced renewable energy source that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. At present, the preparation of hydrogen (H2) mainly depends on traditional fossil fuels. In order to achieve sustainable development of environmental protection, great attention has been paid to the preparation of H2 by electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry. Here, it is reported for the first time that a novel active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, consisting of all‐2D amorphous nanosheets/2D crystal layer heterojunction structure and without any noble metal (no precious metals are present in the preparation or measuring), is almost entirely fabricated by laser ablation in liquid (LAL) growth of amorphous cobalt sulfide on the surface of multilayered molybdenum disulfide. In acidic media, the amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets/multilayered molybdenum disulfide (a‐CoS/MoS2) catalyst exhibits fast hydrogen evolution kinetics with onset potential of −147 mV and a Tafel slope of 126 mV per decade, which is much better than only the amorphous cobalt sulfide and molybdenum disulfide layer. The high hydrogen evolution activity of the amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets/multilayered molybdenum disulfide hybrid is likely due to the unique electrocatalytic synergistic effects between hydrogen evolution‐active amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets and layered crystal molybdenum disulfide materials, as well as the much‐increased catalytic sites. This work provides a new general route based on all‐2D amorphous nanosheets/2D crystal structure for designing and preparing novel layered materials with effectively manipulated catalytic properties and active functionality surface.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, S–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions, and mineral chemistry of the Xin'gaguo skarn Pb–Zn deposit, Tibet, China
Authors: Tang Pan , Tang Juxing , Wang Ying , Lin Bin , Zheng Wenbao , Leng Qiufeng , Zhang Zebin , Yang Yang , Wu Chunneng , Qi Jing , Li Yixuan
Published: December 2019

The Xin'gaguo deposit is representative of the skarn Pb–Zn polymetallic zone in the northern Gangdese porphyry metallogenic belt, Tibet. Pb–Zn mineralization is hosted in the Take'na formation skarn. The Xin'gaguo ore‐forming process can be divided into prograde skarn, retrograde skarn and quartz‐sulfides. Skarn minerals include garnet, diopside, and epidote, with minor wollastonite, actinolite, and chlorite. Metallic minerals are mainly sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and pyrrhotite, with minor arsenopyrite, marcasite, native bismuth, cosalite, and gersdorffite. The LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb age of the diorite is 59.66±0.52 Ma. Diorite samples are characterized by fractioned REE patterns with marked positive Eu anomalies, enriched LILEs (Rb, Ba, Th, U, and K) and depleted HFSEs (Ta, Nb, Zr, Hf, and Ti), belong to the calc‐alkaline series and have metaluminous compositions. Zircon εHf(t) values of the diorite are positive (5.7–11) and lie between the chondrite and mantle values. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the diorite was formed by the partial melting of a young metasomatized asthenospheric mantle wedge deriving basaltic rocks. The δ34S values of sulfides range from −4.7 to 4.5‰ and show a bimodal distribution, indicating interactions of magma‐derived ore fluid with biogenic sulfide minerals from the Take'na formation. The 206Pb/204Pb (18.5–18.629), 207Pb/204Pb (15.599–15.704), and 208Pb/204Pb (38.616–38.975) of sulfides show that ore‐forming metals were derived from mixed sources, in part from the Lhasa Terrane basement. Skarn mineral compositions imply that the ore‐forming environment was variable, and underwent at least three changes in oxidation‐reduction state. The geochemical characteristics of diorite indicate that the Xin'gaguo deposit formed within the Indo‐Asian continental collision tectonic setting.
A novel circulating tumor cell subpopulation for treatment monitoring and molecular characterization in biliary tract cancer
Authors: Reduzzi Carolina , Vismara Marta , Silvestri Marco , Celio Luigi , Niger Monica , Peverelli Giorgia , De Braud Filippo , Daidone Maria G. , Cappelletti Vera
Published: December 2019

In biliary tract cancer (BTC), tissue biopsies to guide treatment are rarely feasible, thus implementing liquid biopsy approaches to improve patient management represents a priority. So far, studies on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BTC are insufficient to promote their use in patient clinical management and are limited to EpCAM‐enriched CTCs evaluated with the CellSearch. We applied a single‐cell protocol allowing identification not only of epithelial CTCs (eCTCs), but also of nonconventional CTCs (ncCTCs) lacking epithelial and leukocyte markers, but presenting aberrant genomes as confirmed by copy number alterations and therefore representing a distinct subpopulation of bona fide CTCs. In 41 blood samples longitudinally collected from 21 patients with advanced‐stage BTC, addition of ncCTC to classic eCTC led to a CTC‐positivity increase from 19% to 83%. Patients presenting with at least 1 eCTC/10 ml of blood at baseline prior to treatment start had a significantly shorter median disease‐specific survival (DSS) compared to those lacking eCTCs (9 months vs. 19 months, p = 0.03 by log‐rank test). No differences in DSS were observed according to ncCTC‐positivity, conversely, variations in ncCTC counts during, and at the end of treatment, were associated with the RECIST response supporting their role in treatment monitoring. Moreover, in 88 ncCTCs collected at different times during treatment, unsupervised clustering evidenced segregation of cells by patient's best response, allowing identification of genomic regions possibly involved in resistance mechanisms. The presence of ncCTCs beside eCTCs opens the way to exploiting liquid biopsy for optimizing clinical management in BTC.
Does the trend toward less deep excisions in LLETZ to minimize obstetric risk lead to less favorable oncological outcomes?
Authors: Lara‐Peñaranda Rosario , Rodríguez‐López Pilar M. , Plitt‐Stevens Javier , Ortiz‐González Ana , Remezal‐Solano Manuel , Martínez‐Cendán Juan P.
Published: December 2019

Objective

To analyze the relationship between large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) depth and the persistence of disease and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational retrospective study included women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 who underwent LLETZ at Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain, from November 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. Follow‐up of cytology and HPV detection were performed at 6 and 12–18 months after surgery.

Results

In this study of 256 women, multivariate analysis revealed that conization depth of 10 mm or less did not indicate an increase of persistence/recurrence of pathological cytology at 6 months (P=0.094) and after 12–18 months (P=0.234), or infection by HPV at 6 months (P=0.675) and 12–18 months (P=0.938) after LLETZ. The affected endocervical margin at 6 months is the sole independent risk factor for persistence, both in the lesion (P=0.003) and HPV (P=0.004).

Conclusion

Conization depth lower than 10 mm at LLETZ did not increase disease persistence or infection by HPV in an 18 month monitoring period. Therefore, higher depth conizations would not be justified to ensure favorable oncological results.
Coping strategies of women survivors of domestic violence residing with an abusive partner after registered complaint with the family counseling center at Alwar, India
Authors: Mahapatro Meerambika , Singh Sudhir P.
Published: December 2019

Coping is one of the most important and widely studied aspects of domestic violence (DV). Women adopt a wide variety of coping strategies to manage abuse, ranging from individual estrangement to institutional entitlements. The condition of women becomes complex when they seek institutional support while living with an abusive husband and his family under the common hearth. The present study aims to analyze the coping strategy of mediation between informal and formal justice while residing with an abusive husband and his family. Further, the study explores the coping strategy as an outcome of the contextual factor and associated psychological distress. It is a prospective intervention study with a 4‐month span building awareness, counseling (individual, couple, and family counseling), and case‐specific advice (safety plan, choice‐making, and problem‐solving). A baseline and endline assessment with SRQ‐20 and in‐depth interviews were carried out on 299 married women who had registered a complaint with a family counseling center (FCC); Mahila Suraksha Evam Salah Kendra (MSSK) in Alwar district, India. To understand the context and the coping strategy adopted by women, in‐depth interviews were carried out. The results show that there is a differential impact of DV, psychological distress, and coping strategy based on contextual factor; women having an informal support system have a better result in coping; and intervention at the formal system resulted in improving coping strategy and simultaneously reducing psychological distress. As the mediation period is interminable and traumatic, the institutional support to women survivors of DV is an important policy alternative for improving survivors’ well‐being, especially in an unsupportive informal context.
Social support, rural/urban residence, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults
Authors: Shang Qiaoqiong
Published: December 2019

This study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10‐item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.