bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drag Estimation in the Near Wake of the NREL's Airfoils Based on Hot-Wire Data
Authors: Yanovych Vitalii , Duda Daniel , Uruba Václav , Antoš Pavel
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of the drag coefficient estimations for different types of NREL airfoils based on the experimental data. Namely, it was S803, S807, S813, and S817 profiles with the same chord length. The investigations were conducted at three angles of attack α=0°, α=±5°, different chord-based Reynolds numbers 0.6×105, 1.3×105 and 2.6×105. While, measuring cross-sections were placed behind the trailing edge at x∙c−1≈0.2, 0.4 and 1.0. Experimental data were collected using a hot-wire split fiber probe 55R55, which allowed us to estimate the characteristics of turbulent flow in stream-wise and crosswise directions. According to the obtained results, the highest and lowest Cd values correspond to profiles S817 and S803, respectively. Moreover, the results show that more asymmetric profiles S803 and S807 have the lowest resistance at zero angles of attack.

Research background: Application of Antonia and Rajagopalan methodology to drag assessment of various stream bodies.

Purpose of the article: Comparative evaluation of the drag coefficients of the NREL airfoils based on instantaneous velocity distribution behind.

Methods: Hot-wire anemometry with split fiber probe 55R55.

Findings & Value added: The highest drag coefficient corresponds to the S817 profile. The asymmetry of the airfoil shape has a significant impact on its drag characteristics.
Energy Management of a Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Tank Using a Loop Heat Pipe
Authors: Martvoňová Lucia , Malcho Milan , Jandačka Jozef , Ďuroška Ladislav
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the thermal management of a metal hydride storage tank for hydrogen in the mode of filling the storage tank with hydrogen when it is necessary to cool the metal hydride filling intensively. Cooling is carried out by boiling water at low pressure and therefore also at low temperatures of around 50 °C. In the article, a heat transfer model during boiling is developed and the limits of heat transfer during boiling at low temperatures are determined.
Utilization of the Energy Potential of Waste from the Automotive Industry
Authors: Pilát Peter , Patsch Marek
Published: November 2022

Human life is inextricably linked to the generation of waste, whether at the municipal or industrial sphere. Waste is an important source of secondary raw materials and stored energy, which nowadays is advantageous to use. The most suitable way of waste recovery is its recycling and reuse. The share of waste that is unsuitable for recycling for various reasons is high, it currently exceeds the processing capacity of the Slovak Republic and is therefore deposited in landfills. The energy stored mainly in chemical bonds is therefore not used. The share of energy stored in this way is considerable, and its use would help not only in the field of rational waste management, but also in the field of power industry. The simplest way of energy recovery of waste is its direct combustion, more complex technologies are its gasification and pyrolysis. All technologies are called as Waste to Energy systems. Combustion of waste releases stored chemical energy, which is converted into heat, which is used for the production of electricity and heating. The products of gasification and pyrolysis are gaseous and liquid fuels that can be directly used in heat sources for the production of electricity and heat for heating, but also as an input material for the creation of high-grade fuels and for the chemical industry. The article deals with the conceptual design of a small facility for the recovery of waste, especially plastics, from the automotive industry and sorted municipal waste. The concept discusses the technical possibilities of preparing the input material, the technical ways of using it by gasification or pyrolysis, and the possibilities of using the resulting products of processing plastic waste. The assumptions for the design of a small waste recovery facility are verified on an experimental pyrolysis waste treatment device, the article contains the results of laboratory pyrolytic waste treatment and the properties of the resulting products.
Pyrolysis Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Automotive Waste with Study of Each Component Energy Potential
Authors: Holubčík Michal , Klačko Andrej , Jandačka Jozef , Drga Juraj
Published: November 2022

Many research is aimed at improving municipal solid waste disposal and producing usable energy. Pyrolysis technology not only decreases the volume of municipal solid waste, but it also produces pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and carbon, all of which have a high calorific value and are widely used in industrial activities. This article focuses on the plant-based pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and automotive plastic trash. The research also discusses the pyrolysis energy potential of municipal solid waste components such as plastics, biomass, rubber, and plastics. The energy potential of plastic waste from vehicle components was also investigated in this study, which used thermogravimetric and elemental analysers. According to the findings of the examination of the most common plastic waste from automobiles, it is possible to determine the potential treatment of this waste by pyrolysis. By analyse municipal solid waste, it was discovered that waste treatment by pyrolysis might lower the environmental load in Slovakia in the future, ensuring a greater quality of life, inexpensive and sustainable energy for humanity, and strengthening waste treatment innovation.
Expanding the PIV Spectral Range and the Turbulence Generated by Grid of Prismatic Circular Cylinders
Authors: Duda Daniel , Yanovych Vitalii , Uruba Václav
Published: November 2022

The grid turbulence past a grid made of row of prismatic circular rods (rod diameter = 10 mm, rod spacing = 20 mm) perpendicular to the flow is observed by using a pair of PIV cameras. The first one has field of view larger (81 mm), the second one smaller (31 mm), which increases the dynamical range, where the spectral turbulence properties can be explored. Energy spectra displays usual behavior approximately following k −5/3 law, the anisotropy originates at larger scales and the flatness describing strong rare events is connected with smaller scales. The spectral properties of vorticity do not collapse due to the different lengthscale of differentiation, which make questionable the previous research based on the vorticity statistics.

Research background: Grid turbulence is the best experimentally accessible prototype of ideal homogenous and isotropic turbulence, although it is known, it is not exactly the ideal one.

Purpose of the article: This contribution explores the possibility of expanding the limited dynamical range of PIV method.

Methods: Particle Image Velocimetry is based on observing the motion of small particles carried by the flow.

Findings & Value added: Anisotropy connected with large scales, flatness with small scales; it does not work for vorticity.
Vaginal Birth at Term – Part 2. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/083, December 2020)
Authors: Abou-Dakn Michael , Schäfers Rainhild , Peterwerth Nina , Asmushen Kirsten , Bässler-Weber Susanne , Boes Ulrike , Bosch Andrea , Ehm David , Fischer Thorsten , Greening Monika , Hartmann Katharina , Heller Günther , Kapp Claudia , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Kayer Beate , Kranke Peter , Lawrenz Burkhard , Louwen Frank , Loytved Christine , Lütje Wolf , Mattern Elke , Nielsen Renate , Reister Frank , Schlösser Rolf , Schwarz Christiane , Stephan Volker , Kalberer Barbara Stocker , Valet Axel , Wenk Manuel , Kehl Sven
Published: November 2022

Purpose This guideline aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about vaginal birth at term. The guideline focuses on definitions of the physiological stages of labor as well
as differentiating between various pathological developments and conditions. It also assesses the need for intervention and the options to avoid interventions. The second part of this
guideline presents recommendations and statements on care during the dilation and expulsion stages as well as during the placental/postnatal stage.

Methods The German recommendations largely reproduce the recommendations of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CG190 guideline “Intrapartum care for healthy
women and babies”. Other international guidelines were also consulted in individual cases when compiling this guideline. In addition, a systematic search and analysis of the literature was
carried out using PICO questions where necessary, and other systematic reviews and individual studies were taken into account. For easier comprehension, the assessment tools of the Scottish
Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) were used to evaluate the quality of additionally consulted studies. Otherwise, the GRADE system was used for the NICE guideline, and the evidence
reports of the IQWiG were used to evaluate the quality of the evidence.

Recommendations Recommendations and statements were formulated based on identified evidence and/or a structured consensus.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Individuals with
Different Smoking Statuses
Authors: Wang Xianxuan , Chen Guanzhi , Huang Zegui , Zang Yiran , Cai Zefeng , Ding Xiong , Chen Zekai , Lan Yulong , Li Weijian , Fang Wei , Wu Weiqiang , Chen Zhichao , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of acute bout of aerobic
exercise on arterial stiffness in individuals with different smoking statuses. A
total of 940 male individuals (mean age of 36.82±7.76 years) in the
Kailuan study cohort were selected to participate in the fifth National Physical
Fitness Monitoring. All participants completed measurements of brachial
– ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) before and after twice-quantitative
cycle ergometer exercise. Four groups were defined: (1) non-smokers
(n=231), (2) former smokers (n=165), (3) light smokers
(1–10 cigarettes/day, n=254), (4) heavy smokers
(>10 cigarettes/day, n=290). Generalized linear models
were established to analyze between-group differences in the change in baPWV
before and after acute aerobic exercise in individuals with different smoking
statuses. Overall, after acute aerobic exercise, baPWV was immediately decreased
significantly (−33.55 cm/s [95% CI,
− 39.69 to −27.42]). Compared with non-smokers, former
smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers showed a greater decrease in baPWV
(−12.17 cm/s [95%CI, − 30.08 to
5.75], − 18.43 cm/s [95%CI,
−34.69 to − 2.16], and
−22.46 cm/s [95%CI, − 38.39 to
− 6.54]) respectively. There is a transient decrease in baPWV in
individuals with different smoking statuses. Compared with non-smokers, baPWV
decreased more significantly in light and heavy smokers.
Serious Adverse Drug Reactions to Antipsychotics in Minors with
Multiple Disabilities: Preventability and Potential Cost Savings by Therapeutic
Drug Monitoring
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Güntzel Tim , Egberts Karin , Geissler Julia , Neubert Antje , Gerlach Manfred , Romanos Marcel , Taurines Regina
Published: November 2022

Introduction Children and adolescents with multiple disabilities and
mental disorders (CAMD) are frequently treated with antipsychotic drugs.
However, CAMD are particularly susceptible to serious adverse drug reactions
(sADRs). This retrospective study examined the frequency of sADRs to
antipsychotics in CAMD. Further, the potential preventability of these sADRs
through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and the potential socio-economic
benefits of TDM were explored.

Methods Routine clinical data of all patients treated at a specialized
psychiatric clinic for CAMD between January 2017 and December 2018 were
retrospectively examined. Data on the occurrence of sADRs (definition according
to the European Medicines Agency), their causality with antipsychotics, as well
as their preventability (Schumock criteria) were extracted from patient files.
The prolongation of the hospital stay due to sADRs was calculated, and the cost
savings were estimated if TDM had been applied. The data were based on a
subsample of the KiDSafe project, supported by the Innovation Fund of the Joint
Federal Committee, grant number 01NVF16021.

Results One hundred two CAMD who were administered at least one
antipsychotic drug during inpatient treatment were identified. Of these
patients, 22 (21.6%) sADRs with a possible causal relationship with the
antipsychotic treatment were documented. Eleven sADRs (50%) could
potentially have been prevented through TDM. Mitigating sADRs through TDM likely
would have prevented prolonged hospital stays and thus conferred considerable
savings for health insurance companies.

Discussion The routine implementation of TDM is urgently recommended for
antipsychotic treatment in CAMD to increase drug therapy safety.
Asian business and management: review and future directions
Authors: Froese Fabian Jintae , Malik Ashish , Kumar Satish , Sahoo Saumyaranjan
Published: November 2022

This century has been proclaimed the Asian century, as industrialised countries such as Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, along with rapidly emerging nations such China and India, have contributed to worldwide economic growth. In response, research has analysed the reasons why Asian business and management have found such success. Based on a bibliometric analysis ofAsian Business & Management(ABM), a premier journal devoted to Asian management, here we examine the performance of the research constituents, social structure, and intellectual structure of 331 scholarly papers, which sheds light on the growing influence of ABM through six major knowledge clusters: corporate social responsibility; business management in emerging markets; corporate governance; internationalization; political and business ties; and organization culture and performance. Temporal analysis reveals the emergence of strategy and human resource management as a distinct knowledge cluster and the increasing importance of China as a research context and producer. Based on this analysis, we propose future research directions.
Topological nodal line phonons: Recent advances in materials realization
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Yang Tie , Cheng Zhenxiang , Surucu Gokhan , Wang Jianhua , Zhou Feng , Zhang Zeying , Zhang Gang
Published: November 2022

The topological phenomenon has been extensively studied in condensed matter physics and has attracted much attention in many different fields. Like electrons, phonons can also be studied using critical theorems and topology concepts, giving impetus to the birth of topological phonons. Among the topological phonons, the topological nodal line phonons in crystalline materials have emerged as a new area of rapid development in both experiment and theory. Researchers have been hunting for realistic materials with nodal line phonons for the last four years. To date, however, a timely review of recent advances in topological nodal line phonons, and especially their material realization, is still lacking. Considering the classification of the nodal line states, in this review, we will first review the identification of the materials hosting the nodal line phonons with different degeneracies, different types of dispersion, and different geometric shapes in theory. Moreover, we will review and discuss the reasons for the appearance of the nodal line phonons from the viewpoint of symmetry. Second, we will review the case where the nodal line appears in the projected surface phonon states instead of the bulk phonon states. Third, we will review the experimental material realization of nodal line phonons. Finally, we will present a summary, outlook, and additional notes. We believe that this review will contribute to a more advanced understanding of topological nodal line phonons in solid materials and will offer new perspectives on this rapidly expanding field.
3D Monte-Carlo model to study the transport of hot electrons in the context of inertial confinement fusion. Part I
Authors: Tentori A. , Colaïtis A. , Batani D.
Published: November 2022

We describe the development of a 3D Monte-Carlo model to study hot-electron transport in ionized or partially ionized targets, considering regimes typical of inertial confinement fusion. Electron collisions are modeled using a mixed simulation algorithm that considers both soft and hard scattering phenomena. Soft collisions are modeled according to multiple-scattering theories, i.e., considering the global effects of the scattering centers on the primary particle. Hard collisions are simulated by considering a two-body interaction between an electron and a plasma particle. Appropriate differential cross sections are adopted to correctly model scattering in ionized or partially ionized targets. In particular, an analytical form of the differential cross section that describes a collision between an electron and the nucleus of a partially ionized atom in a plasma is proposed. The loss of energy is treated according to the continuous slowing down approximation in a plasma stopping power theory. Validation against Geant4 is presented. The code will be implemented as a module in 3D hydrodynamic codes, providing a basis for the development of robust shock ignition schemes and allowing more precise interpretations of current experiments in planar or spherical geometries.
3D Monte-Carlo model to study the transport of hot electrons in the context of inertial confinement fusion. Part II
Authors: Tentori A. , Colaïtis A. , Batani D.
Published: November 2022

We describe two numerical investigations performed using a 3D plasma Monte-Carlo code, developed to study hot-electron transport in the context of inertial confinement fusion. The code simulates the propagation of hot electrons in ionized targets, using appropriate scattering differential cross sections with free plasma electrons and ionized or partially ionized atoms. In this paper, we show that a target in the plasma state stops and diffuses electrons more effectively than a cold target (i.e., a target under standard conditions in which ionization is absent). This is related to the fact that in a plasma, the nuclear potential of plasma nuclei has a greater range than in the cold case, where the screening distance is determined by the electronic structure of atoms. However, in the ablation zone created by laser interaction, electrons undergo less severe scattering, counterbalancing the enhanced diffusion that occurs in the bulk. We also show that hard collisions, i.e., collisions with large polar scattering angle, play a primary role in electron beam diffusion and should not be neglected. An application of the plasma Monte-Carlo model to typical shock ignition implosions suggests that hot electrons will not give rise to any preheating concerns if their Maxwellian temperature is lower than 25–30 keV, although the presence of populations at higher temperatures must be suppressed. This result does not depend strongly on the initial angular divergence of the electron beam set in the simulations.
Conceptual density functional theory for temporary anions stabilized by scaled nuclear charges
Authors: Titeca Charlotte , De Proft Frank , Jagau Thomas-C.
Published: November 2022

The charge stabilization method has often been used before for obtaining energies of temporary anions. Herein, we combine this method for the first time with conceptual density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules by extending it to the study of nuclear Fukui functions, atom-condensed electronic Fukui functions, and bond critical points. This is applied to temporary anions of ethene and chlorinated ethene compounds, which are known to undergo dissociative electron attachment (DEA). It appears that the method is able to detect multiple valence resonance states in the same molecule, namely, a Π and a Σ state. The obtained nuclear and atom-condensed electronic Fukui functions are interpreted as nuclear forces and electron distributions, respectively, and show clear differences between the Π and Σ states. This enables a more profound characterization and understanding of how the DEA process proceeds. The conclusions are in line with findings from earlier publications, proving that the combination of conceptual DFT with the charge stabilization method yields reasonable results at rather low computational cost.
Set free: an evaluation of two break-away mechanisms for tracking collars
Authors: Povh Leticia F. , Willers Nicole , Fleming Patricia A.
Published: November 2022

Context One of the welfare and ethical challenges with tracking animals is ensuring that the tracking device is removed from the animal at the conclusion of the study. However, for animals that are not readily re-trapped, the impact of devices and alternatives for their retrieval are rarely examined. Aims We compared the retention time of two types of break-away mechanisms for tracking collars deployed on mainland quokkas (Setonix brachyurus). Methods We tested a cotton thread (CT) weak-link, where the collar was cut and then a looping stitch was made to link the cut ends of the collar. We compared collar retention time of this simple mechanism with a lightweight automatic micro timed-release device (mTRD, Sirtrack). Key results Of the 17 radio collars with CT, the fates of 15 collars contributed to retention time data. Seven collars released: six fell off and were recovered 148 ± 64 (s.d.) days after deployment and another collar fell off 136 days after deployment but could not be recovered. Eight quokkas were recaptured (161 ± 109 days after deployment) and collars removed. Two quokkas were each tracked for over a year but then disappeared. Of the 11 GPS collars fitted with a mTRD, the fates of nine collars contributed to retention time data. Two released early at 16 and 29 days and were recovered. Seven fell off around the scheduled release date. There were two unknown fates. Re-trapped collared quokkas did not show evidence of injuries from wearing collars or any significant change in body mass (P = 0.442). Conclusions The timing of release for the CT weak-link was unpredictable, with a third of the collars releasing within 1 year and 7/15 lasting only about 6 months. Over two-thirds (7/9) of the GPS collars fitted with timed-release device released on schedule while 2/9 released early. Implications Tracking devices equipped with break-away mechanisms are essential for safeguarding animal welfare outcomes for species where the chance of recapture is not certain. For both break-away types examined in this study, the release timing was unpredictable and poor collar recovery rates show the importance of adding camera traps to monitor the outcomes for collared animals.
Short-term response of research activities on white shark behaviour
Authors: Niella Yuri , Simes Brett , Fox Andrew , Wright Andrew , Waller Matt , Riley Madeline , Meyer Lauren , Drew Michael , Pederson Hugh , Huveneers Charlie
Published: November 2022

Context Researchers studying animals need to ensure that sampling procedures and the methods they use are as harmless and non-disruptive as possible, particularly when their focal species are threatened or protected. White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List, protected globally, and are frequently studied by marine ecologists. Aims To assess white shark responses to research activities (i.e. tagging and biopsy procedures, and electric deterrent trials) conducted at the Neptune Islands Group Marine Park (South Australia, Australia). Methods Trends in shark residency following research activities were assessed by comparing shark abundance (number of sharks detected by acoustic receivers and sighted by cage-diving operators) before, during, and after scientific expeditions, and to natural fluctuations in the absence of research activities using 8 years (2013–2021) of acoustic tracking and daily sighting reports from a wildlife tourism industry. Key results Number of white sharks and residency decreased after sampling. However, changes observed following research activities were similar to natural fluctuations, suggesting that these changes reflected natural variations rather than being due to sharks responding negatively to the research activities. Conclusions Our study showed that external tagging, biopsies, or deterrent trials do not affect short- and long-term residency or abundance of white sharks, probably owing to the research activities being minimally intrusive and to sharks having efficient immune systems and remarkable ability to heal from injuries. Implications Re-evaluating study methods forms part of the researcher’s responsibilities to ensure best practice and to abide by national and international codes for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes.
Animal names applied to a person in Maasai society
Authors: Sane Eliakimu
Published: November 2022

Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article
explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the
theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analyzed information from an ethnographic exploration through
observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and
avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal
cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and
women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and
semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.
The performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Xinren
Published: November 2022

This study explores the performance and relational role of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts. The
analysis of both interactional data and post-event interview data indicates that the detection of moral transgression and moral
identification may outweigh the power relationship and social distance in the interactional practice, and that toast intervention,
by default, is relationally constructive even in seemingly conflictive situations. As a complement to previous research on ritual
communication, such as countering the heckler and bystander intervention which focus on genuine aggression, this study sheds light
on the ritual act of toast intervention as ‘mock intervention’, which is a form of ‘mock moral aggression’ similar to ritual
teasing. Thus, this study reveals the greater significance of moral identification compared to other contextual factors, and its
role in explaining the relational consequences of toast intervention in Chinese dining contexts.
The material flow and texture-weakening mechanism in double-sided friction stir welded Mg alloy
Authors: Zhou Meng-ran , Sun Yu-feng , Morisada Yoshiaki , Shi Qing-yu , Fujii Hidetoshi
Published: November 2022

In conventional friction stir welding of magnesium alloys, a strong (0001) texture at the welded zone is inevitable, which deteriorates the joint mechanical properties. A novel method called ‘double-sided friction stir welding’ solved this problem by weakening the texture. However, the texture-weakening mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism of the texture weakening in double-sided friction stir welded Mg alloy was systematically analysed. The welding temperature and the material flow mode were revealed to control the (0001) texture randomisation simultaneously. The unique material flow at the mid-thickness layer caused by the double-sided friction stir welding was revealed to match the ‘beat phenomenon’ for the first time, which was revealed as the dominant mechanism for the (0001) texture randomisation.
2.7 μm GaSb-based distributed feedback lasers with laterally coupled gratings
Authors: Han Shixian , Yan Jinyi , Cao Chun-fang , Yang Jing , Zhao Xuyi , Yu Wenfu , Antian Du , Liu Ruotao , Hu Wenxin , Chen Yuanyu , Wang Hailong , Gong Qian
Published: November 2022

We report on a high-performance GaSb-based quantum well laterally coupled distributed feedback laser emitting at wavelength of 2.7 μm. The first-order grating structure of chromium(Cr) is designed to obtain the maximum coupling coefficient, and is defined alongside the ridge waveguide by electron beam lithography. The DFB laser emits an output power of 4.3 mW in a single-mode operation at a heat-sink temperature of 20 °C. Continuous wavelength tuning has been obtained by varying the injection current at a tuning rate of 0.012 nm mA−1. The mixmum side mode suppression ratio is as high as 54.9 dB, which is the highest value ever reported at the wavelength region of 2.7 μm. In addition, the loss margin introduced by Cr gratings is estimated to be 5.02

±
0.33

cm

−
1

.
Investigating the structural, optical, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the facile sol-gel technique for dye degradation
Authors: Soleimani Farshad , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher
Published: November 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconducting metal oxides has received a lot of interest recently. In this work, TiO2, SnO2, and TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposites with different SnO2 contents were synthesized via the facile and cost-effective sol-gel method and fully characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis indicated that the crystallite size reduced remarkably and the transformation of anatase to rutile phase accelerated significantly with increasing the SnO2 content. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the XRD results. Electron microscope images revealed that the TiO2/SnO2 composites have composed of semi-spherical fused particles, where increasing the SnO2 content causes the reduction of the particles’ size. The addition of SnO2 caused the photoluminescence (PL) intensity reduction due to the easy migration of photoelectrons from the TiO2 to the SnO2 conduction band, leading to a decrease in the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Catalytic activity was tested by methylene blue under 360 nm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Intrinsic TiO2 showed better photocatalytic activity than pure SnO2, but the color degradation was still less than 50% after 90 min. UV irradiation. Increasing the SnO2 content in the TiO2 produced nanocomposites with higher color degradation rates of about 73% after 90 min. UV irradiation, suggesting the binary metal oxide TiO2/SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst as a promising candidate for effluent dye removal.
Study of magnetized multi-component plasma sheath containing charged dust particles in presence of oblique magnetic field: a fluid approach
Authors: Shaw A K , Sanyasi A K , Kar S
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of low-temperature magnetized multi-component dusty plasma sheath structures have been investigated with finite ion temperature in presence of an oblique magnetic field using the one-dimensional multi-fluid model. The parametric changes inside the sheath are estimated in presence of charged dust species having nano-meter (nm) sizes. In presence of charged dust inside the sheath, the ions are found to get accumulated near the sheath edge, hence the ion density is decreased towards the wall. Further, with the increase in magnetic field strength, the peaking of ion densities near the sheath edge has been found to be intensified. The magnetic field orientation has also played a crucial role in the bunching of the ions near the sheath edge. An increase in the magnetic field obliqueness has also contributed to intensifying the ion bunching. It has also been observed that the sheath potential is substantially changed. In addition, we also investigated and presented the influence of dust species presence on the electron density inside the sheath. A qualitative explanation of the phenomenon that occurs due to the presence of dust species is presented.
Rapid simulations of halo and subhalo clustering
Authors: Berner Pascale , Refregier Alexandre , Sgier Raphael , Kacprzak Tomasz , Tortorelli Luca , Monaco Pierluigi
Published: November 2022

The analysis of cosmological galaxy surveys requires realistic simulations for their
interpretation. Forward modelling is a powerful method to simulate galaxy clustering without the
need for an underlying complex model. This approach requires fast cosmological simulations with a
high resolution and large volume, to resolve small dark matter halos associated to single
galaxies. In this work, we present fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations based on the
Lagrangian perturbation theory code PINOCCHIO, which generates halos and merger
trees. The subhalo progenitors are extracted from the merger history and the survival of subhalos
is modelled. We introduce a new fitting function for the subhalo merger time, which includes a
redshift dependence of the fitting parameters. The spatial distribution of subhalos within their
hosts is modelled using a number density profile. We compare our simulations with the halo finder
ROCKSTAR applied to the full N-body code GADGET-2. The subhalo velocity function
and the correlation function of halos and subhalos are in good agreement. We investigate the
effect of the chosen number density profile on the resulting subhalo clustering. Our simulation is
approximate yet realistic and significantly faster compared to a full N-body simulation combined
with a halo finder. The fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations offer good prospects for
galaxy forward models using subhalo abundance matching.
Thermal Hall conductivity with sign change in the Heisenberg–Kitaev kagome magnet
Authors: Li Kangkang
Published: November 2022

The Heisenberg–Kitaev (HK) model on various lattices has attracted a lot of attention because it may lead to exotic states such as quantum spin liquid and topological orders. The rare-earth-based kagome lattice (KL) compounds

Mg

2

RE

3

Sb

3

O

14

(
RE
=
Gd
,

Er
)

and

(
RE
=
Nd
)

have
q
= 0, 120° order and canted ferromagnetic (CFM) order, respectively. Interestingly, the HK model on the KL has the same ground state long-range orders. In the theoretical phase diagram, the CFM phase resides in a continuous parameter region and there is no phase change across special parameter points, such as the Kitaev ferromagnetic (KFM) point, the ferromagnetic (FM) point and its dual FM point. However, a ground state property cannot distinguish a system with or without topological nontrivial excitations and related phase transitions. Here, we study the topological magnon excitations and related thermal Hall conductivity in the HK model on the KL with CFM order. The CFM phase can be divided into two regions related by the Klein duality, with the self dual KFM point as their boundary. We find that the scalar spin chirality, which is intrinsic in the CFM order, changes sign across the KFM point. This leads to the opposite Chern numbers of corresponding magnon bands in the two regions, and also the sign change of the magnon thermal Hall conductivity.
Dimensional crossover of a Rabi-coupled two-component Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical lattice
Authors: Li Kangkang , Liang Zhaoxin
Published: November 2022

Dimensionality is a central concept in developing the theory of low-dimensional physics. However, previous research on dimensional crossover in the context of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has focused on the single-component BEC. To our best knowledge, further consideration of the two-component internal degrees of freedom on the effects of dimensional crossover is still lacking. In this work, we are motivated to investigate the dimensional crossover in a three-dimensional (3D) Rabi-coupled two-component BEC. The spin degrees of freedom consist of the Rabi-like and inter- and intra- interaction coupling constants. The dimensional crossovers from 3D to 2D or 1D are controlled by the continuous increase of 1D or 2D lattice depth respectively. Then we analyze how the dimensionality of the model system combined with spin degrees of freedom can affect quantum fluctuations. Accordingly, the analytical expressions of the ground-state energy and quantum depletion of the system are obtained. Our results show that the dimensional crossover induces a characteristic 3D to quasi-2D or 1D crossover in the behavior of quantum fluctuations, with an emphasis on the separated effects of Rabi-like and inter- and intra- interaction coupling constants on the quantum fluctuations. Conditions for possible experimental realization of our scenario are also discussed.
Time-resolved mode analysis in Er-doped self-sweeping ring fiber laser
Authors: Poddubrovskii N R , Lobach I A , Podivilov E V , Kablukov S I
Published: November 2022

We present here a detailed study of the mode composition of an Er-doped ring self-sweeping fiber laser. Time-resolved heterodyne measurements prove that the radiation consists of slightly overlapping rectangular mode packets, each of which corresponds to generation of individual longitudinal modes. Optical frequency of each following packet sequentially increases by two free spectral ranges of the laser cavity. The presence of parametric processes during sequential growth of the neighboring mode packets is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a self-sweeping laser. Instantaneous linewidth of the laser radiation does not exceed 4 kHz during every step of single longitudinal mode generation, which is also accompanied by a small change of the optical frequency (chirp) of ∼40 kHz associated with an integral change of the laser cavity refractive index. The results are useful for calculations and modeling of laser systems based on dynamic gratings.
Contributions of Rotation, Expansion and Line Broadening to the Morphology and Kinematics of the Inner CSE of Oxygen-rich AGB Star R Hya
Authors: Nhung Pham Tuyet , Hoai Do Thi , Darriulat Pierre , Diep Pham Ngoc , Ngoc Nguyen Bich , Thai Tran Thi , Tuan-Anh Pham
Published: November 2022

We use archival ALMA observations of the CO(2–1) and SiO(5–4) molecular line emissions of AGB star R Hya to illustrate the relative contributions of rotation, expansion and line broadening to the morphology and kinematics of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) within some ∼70 au (∼0.″5) from the centre of the star. We give evidence for rotation and important line broadening to dominate the inner region, within ∼14 au (∼100 mas) from the centre of the star. The former is about an axis that projects a few degrees west of north and has a projected rotation velocity of a few km s−1. The latter occurs within some 7–14 au (50–100 mas) from the centre of the star, with the line width reaching two to three times its value outside this region. We suggest that it is caused by shocks induced by stellar pulsations and convective cell granulation. We show the importance of properly accounting for the observed line broadening when discussing rotation and evaluating the radial dependence of the rotation velocity.
Parameter measurement and optimization for a 3/6 dual-energy electron linear accelerator with industrial and inspection applications
Authors: Moogooei Hamid , Ayoobian Navid , Shirani Babak
Published: November 2022

Electron linear accelerator (LINAC) is a high-energy X-ray
generator with extensive industrial, inspection, and medical
applications. The studied LINAC uses a 2.6 MW magnetron as its RF
generator derived with a Marx modulator. An electron gun of filament
voltage 6 V and current 2.2 A connected to the accelerator tube is
applied to establish electron current inside the drift tube. For
this purpose, 9 kV and 25 kV voltages are applied to the cathode
and anode of the electron gun pulse by pulse, generating dual-energy
x-ray beams as outputs. An Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) system
is designed for studied LINAC so that variation of output dose rate
is lower than 2% and the required time to achieve the maximum
output dose rate is lower than 1 s. Optimizing the Marx modulator's
switching algorithm, the ripple in the output beam has been lower
than 5%. The half-value layer (HVL) of steel has been measured for
high and low energies equal to 6 MeV and 3 MeV, respectively. The
output pulse of the electron beam and dose rate have been measured
using a linear detector array (LDA) and dosimeter, respectively,
with a pulse frequency of 35–400 Hz and pulse width of
2–4 μs.
Electrical breakdown in Thick-GEM based WELL detectors
Authors: Jash A. , Moleri L. , Bressler S.
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of electrical discharges in gas detectors restricts their dynamic range and degrades their performance. Among the different methods developed to mitigate discharge effects, the use of resistive materials in the detector assembly was found to be very effective. In this work, we present the results of a comparative study of electrical discharges in Thick-GEM-based WELL-type detectors — with and without resistive elements. We present a new method to measure discharges in the resistive-detector configurations; it allows demonstrating, for the first time, the occurrence of discharges also in the Resistive-Plate WELL detector configuration. It also provides direct evidence for the Raether limit.
AquaClimber: a limbed swimming and climbing robot based on reduced order models
Authors: Austin Max , Chase Ashley , Van Stratum Brian , Clark Jonathan E
Published: November 2022

Many legged robots have taken insight from animals to run, jump, and climb. Very few, however, have extended the flexibility of limbs to the task of swimming. In this paper, we address the study of multi-modal limbed locomotion by extending our lateral plane reduced order dynamic model of climbing to swimming. Following this, we develop a robot, AquaClimber, which utilizes the model’s locomotive style, similar to human freestyle swimming, to propel itself through fluid and to climb vertical walls, as well as transition between the two. A comparison of simulation and model results indicate that the simulation can predict how hand design, arm compliance, and driving frequency affect swimming speed and behavior. Using this reduced order model, we have successfully developed the first limbed aquatic-scansorial multi-modal robot.
Financial risks to coal value chain from a cost-conscious shift to renewables in India
Authors: Köberle Alexandre C , Shrimali Gireesh , Mittal Shivika , Jindal Abhinav , Donovan Charles
Published: November 2022

A realignment of the financial sector is necessary to both enable the energy system transformation and manage financial risks implied by a transition to net-zero emissions. These include transition risks stemming from policies that limit or price greenhouse gas emissions. The financial sector has turned to scenarios developed by the research community for information on how transitions may unfold. Emerging methodologies linking transition scenarios to risk assessment are in their early stages but are key to enable financial institutions (FIs) to carry out the task at hand. Commercial FIs are exposed to transition risks primarily through their portfolio holdings and how assets therein may fare in a transition. Understanding this counterparty risk is key for development and interpretation of climate-financial scenarios. FIs will need to consider how the firms in a portfolio—the counterparties—will react to the transition and their capacity to navigate the changes involved. Here we apply a transparent and flexible framework to explore transition risks to corporate firms from low-carbon transition scenarios. We show that considering firms’ strategic responses to the changes in their operating environment is an important determinant of the resulting transition risk estimates. We provide an illustrative case study of the coal value chain in India to demonstrate how the framework can be applied to both risk assessment and business strategy setting.
Terrestrial carbon sequestration under future climate, nutrient and land use change and management scenarios: a national-scale UK case study
Authors: Yumashev Dmitry , Janes-Bassett Victoria , Redhead John W , Rowe Ed C , Davies Jessica
Published: November 2022

Carbon sequestration (Cseq) in soils and plant biomass is viewed as an important means of mitigating climate change. Recent global assessments have estimated considerable potential for terrestrial Cseq, but generally lack sensitivity to climate warming, nutrient limitations and perspective on local land use. These are important factors since higher temperatures can accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter, nutrient availability affects plant productivity, while land use pressures put broader constraints on terrestrial organic matter inputs and storage. Here, we explore the potential for Cseq under changing land use, climate and nutrient conditions in a UK-based national scale case study. We apply an integrated terrestrial C–N–P cycle model with representative ranges of high-resolution climate and land use scenarios to estimate Cseq potential across the UK. If realistic UK targets for grassland restoration and afforestation over the next 30 years are met, we estimate that an additional 120 TgC could be sequestered by 2100 (similar to current annual UK greenhouse gas emissions or roughly 7% of net emission cuts needed in meeting net zero), conditional on climate change of <2 °C. Conversely, we estimate that UK arable expansion would reduce terrestrial carbon storage by a similar magnitude. The most pessimistic climate trajectories are predicted to cause net losses in UK soil carbon storage under all land use scenarios. Warmer climates substantially reduce the potential total terrestrial carbon storage gains offered by afforestation and grassland restoration. We conclude that although concerted land use change could make an important moderate contribution to national level Cseq for countries like the UK, soil Cseq only provides a contribution if we are on a low emission pathway, and is therefore conditional on deep global cuts to emissions from fossil fuels, deforestation and soil degradation.
Preface
Authors: Chen Youmin
Published: November 2022

The Fifth International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience (IWEG 2022) was held successfully on 16-17 July 2022. Under the effect of COVID-19, the conference was chosen to be online, which gave everyone access to attend. As an annual international conference, IWEG aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Environment and Geoscience.

The program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, attracted over 50 participants from 13 different countries and regions, including China, Australia, Egypt, Morocco, Sri Lanka, Russia etc. Details about the presentations can be found in the Conference Overview part. We greatly appreciate Prof. Youmin Chen from Henan University, who presided over the conference, and all participants for attending and sharing!

This conference proceedings included 82 accepted articles selected from 211 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.

List of Technical Program Committee, Conference Overview, Keynote Speeches, Poster Presentations and this titles are available in this pdf.