bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive consensus tracking of multi‐agent systems in the presence of Byzantine agents and connection loss of reference signals
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad Amin , Bagheri Peyman , Hashemzadeh Farzad
Published: November 2023

This article proposes the consensus tracking of multi‐agent systems, in the presence of Byzantine agents and loss of connection between agents and the reference signal. The main purpose of this work is to steer a multi‐agent system to the desired reference, assuming that there are some agents which send incorrect information to the other agents, and the connection between the agents and the reference signal may lose. Using graph properties alongside the weighted‐mean‐subsequence‐reduced (W‐MSR) algorithm led to a novel control method for multi‐agent systems. With the aid of model predictive control (MPC), the agents reach the desired consensus with connection loss of reference signals, misbehaving agents in the system, and constraints on the input signals. Combining MPC with the W‐MSR algorithm results in an algorithm called reference‐based‐W‐MSR (RBW‐MSR), which has made the consensus point fixed according to a predetermined reference. A theorem is illustrated to guarantee the consensus with the interruption of reference signals and agents. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated via simulation results.
SSDraw: Software for generating comparative protein secondary structure diagrams
Authors: Chen Ethan A. , Porter Lauren L.
Published: November 2023

The program SSDraw generates publication‐quality protein secondary structure diagrams from three‐dimensional protein structures. To depict relationships between secondary structure and other protein features, diagrams can be colored by conservation score, B‐factor, or custom scoring. Diagrams of homologous proteins can be registered according to an input multiple sequence alignment. Linear visualization allows the user to stack registered diagrams, facilitating comparison of secondary structure and other properties among homologous proteins. SSDraw can be used to compare secondary structures of homologous proteins with both conserved and divergent folds. It can also generate one secondary structure diagram from an input protein structure of interest. The source code can be downloaded (https://github.com/ncbi/SSDraw) and run locally for rapid structure generation, while a Google Colab notebook allows easy use.
Genome‐scale metabolic models applied for human health and biopharmaceutical engineering
Authors: Li Feiran , Chen Yu , Gustafsson Johan , Wang Hao , Wang Yi , Zhang Chong , Xing Xinhui
Published: November 2023

Over the last 15 years, genome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been reconstructed for human and model animals, such as mouse and rat, to systematically understand metabolism, simulate multicellular or multi‐tissue interplay, understand human diseases, and guide cell factory design for biopharmaceutical protein production. Here, we describe how metabolic networks can be represented using stoichiometric matrices and well‐defined constraints for flux simulation. Then, we review the history of GEM development for quantitative understanding of Homo sapiens and other relevant animals, together with their applications. We describe how model develops from H. sapiens to other animals and from generic purpose to precise context‐specific simulation. The progress of GEMs for animals greatly expand our systematic understanding of metabolism in human and related animals. We discuss the difficulties and present perspectives on the GEM development and the quest to integrate more biological processes and omics data for future research and translation. We truly hope that this review can inspire new models developed for other mammalian organisms and generate new algorithms for integrating big data to conduct more in‐depth analysis to further make progress on human health and biopharmaceutical engineering.
Cholangiocellular adenoma in Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei)
Authors: Jerdy Hassan , Ribeiro Vanessa , Souza Aline , Valle Rodrigo , Maracini Pryscilla , Bertozzi Carolina , Hauser‐Davis Rachel Ann , Carvalho Eulógio
Published: November 2023

Pontoporia blainvillei, commonly known as the Franciscana dolphin, inhabits the coastal waters of South America and is classified as vulnerable and as undergoing significant population declines. This species is generally found in turbid coastal waters, although it is also found in clear waters, as well as marine areas associated with islands and rocky shores. Tumours originating from cholangiocytes have been rarely described in cetaceans, with descriptions limited to cholangiocellular carcinomas. Cholangiocellular adenomas are characterised by the formation of bile ducts and are rarer than cholangiocellular carcinoma. This study described the first report of a tumour originating from cholangiocytes in P. blainvillei, raising concerns on this endangered cetacean's health status and conservation. The underlying causes of this tumour in Franciscana dolphins remain unknown, highlighting the need for further research.
Two loop mass renormalisation in heterotic string theory: NS states
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritabrata
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In this work computation of the renormalised mass at two loop order for the NS sector of heterotic string theory is attempted. We first implement the vertical integration prescription for choosing a section avoiding the spurious poles due to the presence of a required number of picture changing operators. As a result the relevant amplitude on genus 2 Riemann surface can be written as a boundary term. We then identify the 1PI region of the moduli space having chosen a gluing compatible local coordinates around the external punctures. We also identify the relevant integrands and the relevant region of integration for the modular parameters at the boundary.
Tachyons and Misaligned Supersymmetry in orientifold vacua
Authors: Leone Giorgio
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We extend the analysis of Misaligned Supersymmetry to orientifold vacua. The lack of modular invariance in the Klein bottle, annulus and Möbius strip amplitudes implies that the IR properties of the physical spectrum are related to the UV behaviour of closed strings freely propagating between D-branes and O-planes, and vice versa. We thus build sector averaged sums 〈d(n)〉 associated to both representations of each Riemann surface. We find that the 〈d(n)〉’s associated to the loop channel control the coupling of closed-string tachyons to D-branes and/or O-planes, and therefore their vanishing is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for stability in the closed sector. Similarly, the sector averaged sums associated to the tree-level amplitudes encode the presence of tachyons in the physical spectrum, and their vanishing is a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for classical stability. Using this technology, it is difficult, if not impossible, to formulate necessary and sufficient criteria for the absence of tachyons since, in orientifold vacua, they can be removed from the spectrum by the orientifold projection. Although in these cases one would naively expect a cancellation between 〈d(n)〉’s associated to different amplitudes, this does not occur in practice. We provide several examples in ten and lower dimensions supporting our results.
Einflussfaktoren auf das Einnahmeverhalten von Analgetika bei Patient*innen mit chronischen tumorassoziierten Schmerzen
Authors: Zugaj Marco Richard , Züger Andrea , Keßler Jens
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Patient*innen überleben eine Tumorerkrankung durch die Verbesserung der tumorspezifischen Therapie immer länger. Schmerzen sind ein häufiges Symptom. Goldstandard bei tumorassoziierten chronischen Schmerzen ist die multimodale Therapie. Nonadhärenz verursacht hohe Kosten und bringt unter Umständen Patient*innen in Gefahr.

Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Einnahmeverhalten und die subjektive Therapietreue von Patient*innen mit tumorassoziierten chronischen Schmerzen zu untersuchen. Dabei sollte die Perspektive der Patient*innen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Verschiedenen Medikamentengruppen, wie Nicht-Opioid-Analgetika (NOPA), Opioide, Ko-Analgetika und Cannabinoide, aber auch nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren wurden in die Betrachtung eingeschlossen.

Methode

Im Rahmen eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden semistrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit 10 Patient*innen mit chronischen tumorassoziierten Schmerzen durchgeführt. Das gesprochene Wort wurde aufgenommen und transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte im Sinne einer fokussierten inhaltlich strukturierenden Interviewanalyse nach Kuckartz und Rädiker.

Ergebnisse

Es konnten fünf Hauptkategorien definiert werden. Die zentrale Kategorie anhand der Forschungsfrage bildete das „Adhärenzverhalten aus Patient*innensicht“. Den Rahmen der Untersuchung bildete die Kategorie „Medikamentöse Therapie“. Weitere Hauptkategorien waren: „Krankheitsgeschichte“, „Verhältnis zu den Behandelnden“ und „Einstellungen und Überzeugungen“. Insgesamt wurden weitere 77 Unterkategorien gebildet und interpretiert. Das Adhärenzverhalten aus Patient*innensicht unterschied sich zwischen den verschiedenen Medikamentengruppen. Ein palliatives Setting beeinflusste Therapieentscheidungen und Therapieadhärenz. Die angewendeten Medikamentenschemata waren komplex und dynamisch, gerade auch bei mehreren beteiligten Behandelnden. Weiterhin bestand Unklarheit bei der Anwendung von Cannabinoiden. Nichtmedikamentöse Therapien wurden von den Patient*innen marginalisiert. Aus Sicht der befragten Patient*innen waren es weniger die Behandelnden, die Einfluss auf ihr Adhärenzverhalten nahmen, als vielmehr eigene Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Überzeugungen

Diskussion

Die Untersuchung bezog ergänzend zu bisheriger Literatur in einem qualitativen Setting alle Medikamentengruppen und auch nichtmedikamentöse Therapien gleichgestellt mit ein. Aus der bisherigen Forschung bekannte Adhärenzfaktoren spiegelten sich auch in der subjektiven Wahrnehmung der Gruppe der Patient*innen mit chronifizierten Schmerzen nach Tumorerkrankungen wider. Eine Marginalisierung nichtmedikamentöser Verfahren könnte damit erklärt werden, dass in der Phase einer Chronifizierung multimodale Therapieansätze zu selten konsequent eingesetzt und kontrolliert werden. Medikamentöse und nichtmedikamentöse Therapien sollten daher noch konsequenter auch bei Patient*innen mit tumorassoziierten Schmerzen gleichberechtigt angewendet werden.
Perspectives of patients with metastatic breast cancer on physical exercise programs: results from a survey in five European countries
Authors: Sweegers Maike G. , Depenbusch Johanna , Kampshoff Caroline S. , Aaronson Neil K. , Hiensch Anouk , Wengström Yvonne , Backman Malin , Gunasekara Nadira , Clauss Dorothea , Pelaez Mireia , Lachowicz Milena , May Anne M. , Steindorf Karen , Stuiver Martijn M. ,   the PERSPECTIVE survey group, Arrieta Haritz , Toribio María Gutiérrez , Santillan María López , Tol Jolien , Malter Wolfram , Puppe Julian
Published: November 2023

Background

To successfully implement exercise programs for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), services and patient education should consider patients’ knowledge, preferences, values, and goals. Hence, gaining insight into their perspectives on exercise and exercise programming is important.

Method

In this cross-sectional survey, we recruited patients with MBC from the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Sweden. We collected data on patients’ knowledge and skills about exercise and outcome expectations. We identified barriers to and facilitators of participation in exercise programs, and patients’ preferences for program content and modes of exercise delivery.

Results

A total of 420 patients participated in the survey. Respondents were, on average, 56.5 years old (SD 10.8) and 70% had bone metastases. Sixty-eight percent reported sufficient skills to engage in aerobic exercise, but only 35% did so for resistance exercise. Respondents expected exercise to have multiple physical benefits, but a few patients expected exercise to worsen their pain (5%). Not having access to an exercise program for cancer patients (27%), feeling too tired (23%), and/or weak (23%) were the most often reported barriers. Facilitators for exercising regularly were previous positive physical (72%) and emotional (68%) experiences with exercising, and receiving personalized advice from a physiotherapist or sport/fitness instructor (62%). Patients were most interested in walking and preferred exercising at a public gym, although there were differences by country. Fifty-seven percent did not know whether their insurance company reimburses exercise programs and only 9% would be willing to pay more than €50 per month to participate.

Conclusion

A large percentage of patients with MBC lack the skills to engage in regular exercise as recommended by exercise guidelines for people with cancer. Patients may benefit from personalized advice and appropriate training facilities to overcome barriers. When implementing exercise interventions, attention should be given to reimbursement and the relatively low willingness-to-pay.
Facile and optimal evaluation model of intelligent waste collection systems based on the Internet of Things: a new approach toward sustainability
Authors: Hezam Ibrahim M. , Gamal Abduallah , Abdel-Basset Mohamed , Sallam Karam
Published: November 2023

Waste management is a difficult and complicated issue. Since this waste may constitute a threat to persons and the environment, it is vital to guarantee that it is adequately collected. Therefore, new waste collection technologies that adopt modern technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the appropriate alternative. Determining the optimal intelligent technology for waste management and tuning its priorities is a complicated task that requires taking into account the dimensions of environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Thus, this paper introduces a hybrid methodology for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) that assesses intelligent waste management technologies utilizing IoT, taking into account multiple criteria. First, eleven decision-making criteria are determined to give a realistic approach. Second, the researchers demonstrated the innovative decision approach established on the combination of the Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) method and the Indifference Threshold-based Attribute Ratio Analysis (ITARA) method, called T2NN-ITARA, under a type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs) environment. This approach has been used to define the criteria’s relative significance. Also, T2NN-MARCOS approach has been established to evaluate and classify intelligent waste management technologies based on IoT and to reveal the most sustainable solution. An illustrative case study evaluating four intelligent waste management technologies based on IoT is presented to prove the validity of the applied methodology. The findings show that the criteria of sustainability and standardization are the two most influential criteria in the evaluation and classification of intelligent waste management technologies based on IoT. It has also been determined that the RFID and GPRS blend for waste management is the most suitable intelligent technology for garbage management. Sensitivity and comparison analyzes were also accomplished to illustrate the stability, strength, and robustness of the suggested approach. The research provides significant information for government and waste practitioners.
Critical analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence integration with cutting-edge technologies for production systems
Authors: Varriale Vincenzo , Cammarano Antonello , Michelino Francesca , Caputo Mauro
Published: November 2023

Scientific research on emerging technologies underscored the advantages of their implementation within production systems, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, the integration of AI with other cutting-edge technologies is a relevant topic which can potentially lead to huge impacts in terms of business performance. Yet, literature on the subject, although rich, is still fragmented, limited to specific cases and applications, but lacking in a comprehensive classification framework. Therefore, using a systematic literature review, this study provides an overview of how the combination of AI and other cutting-edge technologies could potentially improve market and organisational performance in business functions and processes. By classifying the literature of case studies and real-world applications into specific taxonomies, the research considers an indicator, the co-occurrence ratio, highlighting the most significant and emerging combinations between AI and other cutting-edge technologies, also specifying the contexts in which they are used. The study shows that AI is strongly interconnected with other cutting-edge technologies, suggesting a research agenda in which the integration of AI with other emerging technologies is promising within specific production systems contexts, providing benefits and opportunities for companies.
Knot homologies and generalized quiver partition functions
Authors: Ekholm Tobias , Kucharski Piotr , Longhi Pietro
Published: November 2023

We introduce generalized quiver partition functions of a knot K and conjecture a relation to generating functions of symmetrically colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials and corresponding HOMFLY-PT homology Poincaré polynomials. We interpret quiver nodes as certain basic holomorphic disks in the resolved conifold, with boundary on the knot conormal $$L_K$$

L
K

, a positive multiple of a unique closed geodesic, and with their (infinitesimal) boundary linking density measured by the adjacency matrix of the generalized quiver. The basic holomorphic disks that are quiver nodes appear in a certain U(1)-symmetric configuration. We propose an extension of the quiver partition function to arbitrary, not U(1)-symmetric, configurations as a function with values in chain complexes. The chain complex differential is trivial at the U(1)-symmetric configuration, under deformations the complex changes, but its homology remains invariant. We also study recursion relations for the partition functions connected to knot homologies. We show that, after a suitable change of variables, any (generalized) quiver partition function satisfies the recursion relation of a single toric brane in $${\mathbb {C}}^3$$

C

3

.
Being a Direct Realist – Searle, McDowell, and Travis on ‘seeing things as they are’
Authors: Miguens Sofia
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present article is to identify and analyze three particular disputes among current proponents of perceptual realism which may throw light on tensions present in the history of direct realism and current discussions. Starting from John Searle’s conception of direct realism, I first set McDowell and Travis’s approaches in contrast with it. I then further compare Travis’ view with McDowell’s. I claim that differences among the three philosophers are traceable first to methodological conceptions of the approach to perceptual experience (whether philosophical naturalism implies dealing with the sub-personal level), then to what makes for the particularity of a perceptual experience (whether it involves consciousness and a task of unity or not), and finally to what makes for the determinacy of an experience of things in the world (whether such determinacy characterizes the world itself or, as such, involves language and thought).
Mass spectrometry imaging reveals flavor distribution in edible mushrooms
Authors: Vats Mudita , Cillero-Pastor Berta , Flinders Bryn , Cuypers Eva , Heeren Ron M. A.
Published: November 2023

The spatial distribution of molecules and compounds responsible for the flavor profile of edible button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporous) has never been determined. The food industry is interested in knowing the localization of these compounds. Such knowledge would enable extraction of flavor compounds from a particular regions of the mushroom, which is safer for consumption compared to alternatives such as synthetic flavoring agents. The present study utilizes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to determine the spatial distribution of flavor compounds in a mushroom. As MALDI-MSI requires very thin sections, a sample preparation protocol was optimized and sectioning fresh frozen mushrooms at 35 µm thickness was considered the best method to evaluate the distribution of flavor compounds. Further, the effect of heat on the spatial distribution of flavor compounds was investigated by heating whole mushrooms to 140 ℃ prior to sectioning. Heating reduced the water content of the mushroom and thus enabled the generation of even-thinner 17 µm thick sections. MALDI-MSI measurements performed on underivatized and on-tissue derivatized fresh frozen and heat-treated mushroom sections elucidated the spatial distribution of several flavor-related compounds.
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Population Isolates: Challenges and Implications for Human Identification
Authors: Connell J. R. , Lea R. A. , Haupt L. M. , Griffiths L. R.
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Review

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in forensic science, aiding in human identification especially when dealing with degraded DNA samples or cases devoid of paternal family reference samples. Yet, the nuances of isolated populations, shaped by a small number of founders that separate from general populations due to factors such as cultural or geographic differences, and as such, often exhibit very different allele frequencies, pose challenges to its applicability.

Recent Findings

Recent investigations have determined that ignoring the presence of genetic isolates when performing forensic genetic analysis can introduce significant bias into the results ultimately leading to incorrect match probability estimates, increased false positives or false negatives, miscalculation of familial relationships, ethical and legal concerns, loss of public trust, and mistaken convictions or acquittals.

This paper offers a comprehensive review of the challenges and implications for human identification using mtDNA in isolated populations, focusing on population history and social factors; homogeneity of mtDNA; lack of representation in reference databases; and data interpretation and appropriate statistical methods.
Factors that Influence People’s Beliefs About Men’s and Women’s Jealousy Responses
Authors: Bendixen Mons , Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen
Published: November 2023

This study examines what beliefs people hold about other men’s and women’s reaction to infidelity and how related these beliefs are to one’s own jealousy response and to various socio-cultural influences. This novel approach was examined in a Facebook snowball sample (N = 1213) who responded to three infidelity scenarios regarding what aspect of infidelity (emotional or sexual) they believed would make men and women more jealous and then what aspect would make themselves more jealous. The results suggest that both men and women believed men would be more upset by the sexual aspect of infidelity and that women would be more upset by the emotional aspect (i.e., falling in love). Own jealousy responses in men and women were strongly associated with beliefs about same-sex responses to infidelity and showed moderate association with beliefs about opposite-sex responses. Self-reported perceptions of cues to infidelity and knowledge from various sources about what (1) may be cues to infidelity and (2) may be typical reactions to infidelity were unrelated to beliefs about men’s and women’s jealousy responses and to own jealousy responses. We discuss whether beliefs about men’s and women’s jealousy responses may be culturally transmitted or more likely involve a dual model consisting of (a) reflection of own jealousy responses with (b) some cross-sex insights into jealousy reactions in men and women. The findings suggest that there may be evolved psychological adaptations for jealousy beliefs that extend to others of same and opposite sex.
Artificial Intelligence Meets Flexible Sensors: Emerging Smart Flexible Sensing Systems Driven by Machine Learning and Artificial Synapses
Authors: Sun Tianming , Feng Bin , Huo Jinpeng , Xiao Yu , Wang Wengan , Peng Jin , Li Zehua , Du Chengjie , Wang Wenxian , Zou Guisheng , Liu Lei
Published: November 2023

The recent wave of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society. As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals, flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system, which is capable of highly efficient acquisition, analysis, and even perception of vast, multifaceted data. While challenging from a manual perspective, the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm (machine learning) and the framework (artificial synapses) level. This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven, intelligent flexible sensing systems. The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced. The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed, which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems, soft/humanoid robotics, and human activity monitoring. As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century, the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.
Structural Isomers: Small Change with Big Difference in Anion Storage
Authors: Dai Huichao , Chen Yuan , Cao Yueyue , Fu Manli , Guan Linnan , Zhang Guoqun , Gong Lei , Tang Mi , Fan Kun , Wang Chengliang
Published: November 2023

Organic electrode materials are promising for batteries. However, the reported organic electrodes are often facing the challenges of low specific capacity, low voltage, poor rate capability and vague charge storage mechanisms, etc. Isomers are good platform to investigate the charge storage mechanisms and enhance the performance of batteries, which, however, have not been focused in batteries. Herein, two isomers are reported for batteries. As a result, the isomer tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) could store two monovalent anions reversibly, deriving an average discharge voltage of 1.05 V and a specific capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 C. On the other hand, the other isomer tetrathianaphthalene could only reversibly store one monovalent anion and upon further oxidation, it would undergo an irreversible solid-state molecular rearrangement to TTF. The molecular rearrangement was confirmed by electrochemical performances, X-ray diffraction patterns, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and 1H detected heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra. These results suggested the small structural change could lead to a big difference in anion storage, and we hope this work will stimulate more attention to the structural design for boosting the performance of organic batteries.
Identity and Justice for Argentinean-Identified Grandchildren: DNA-Testing as a Turning Point
Authors: de Baggis Cecilia , Naharro Magdalena Jiménez , Pallini Susanna
Published: November 2023

During the Argentinean military dictatorship (1976–1983), 130 children ofdesaparecidos(disappeared) born during their mothers’ captivity and then kidnapped by families close to the military were identified thanks to the efforts of human rights organizations and especially of their grandparents. DNA testing was used for verifying their identity. Based on the principle of the right to identity, if the children refused DNA testing, they were forced against their right to privacy. Ten identified grandchildren were interviewed and transcripts were codified in six categories. All interviewees considered the DNA testing the turning point for their social identity. These observations support the Argentinean legislative orientation.
Zero to k Inflated Poisson Regression Models with Applications
Authors: Saboori Hadi , Doostparast Mahdi
Published: November 2023

In the count data set, the frequency of some points may occur more than expected under the standard data analysis models. Indeed, in many situations, the frequencies of zero and of some other points tend to be higher than those of the Poisson. Adapting existing models for analyzing inflated observations has been studied in the literature. A method for modeling the inflated data is the inflated distribution. In this paper, we extend this inflated distribution. Indeed, if inflations occur in three or more of the support point, then the previous models are not suitable. We propose a model based on zero, one,$$\ldots ,$$…,andkinflated points with probabilities$$w_{0},w_1,\ldots ,$$w0,w1,…,and$$w_{k},$$wk,respectively. By choosing the appropriate values for the weights$$w_{0},\ldots ,w_{k},$$w0,…,wk,various inflated distributions, such as the zero-inflated, zero–one-inflated, and zero–k-inflated distributions, are derived as special cases of the proposed model in this paper. Various illustrative examples and real data sets are analyzed using the obtained results.
A systematic review of implementation reporting in opioid stewardship literature
Authors: Pattullo Champika , Suckling Benita , Dace William , Donovan Peter , Hall Lisa
Published: November 2023

Background

The increased awareness of opioid-related harms has resulted in a proliferation of safety strategies and hospital-based quality improvement initiatives, often referred to as ‘opioid stewardship’ interventions. The effective translation of these interventions into more widespread practice relies on understanding and adapting important details of the implementation process. However, as with many healthcare quality improvement studies, the context, and details of the implementation are often absent from the published literature, limiting the scale and spread of practice.

Aim

To systematically review studies describing opioid stewardship interventions in acute hospital settings and assess the reporting of their implementation.

Method

A literature search of opioid stewardship interventions in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to August 2020 was performed. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Studies were screened initially for an evaluation of the intervention and subsequently for the inclusion of implementation reporting. The latter was coded using the four Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) domains.

Results

The database searches identified a total of 4031 publications, of which 372 underwent a full text review and 13 studies were included in the final analysis. The main reasons for exclusion during full-text review were insufficient details of the intervention (n = 90/354, 25%) or implementation (n = 215/354, 61%) to undergo an NPT analysis. When evaluating the potential for scale and spread of an intervention, all studies (n = 13) met the criteria for coherence, cognitive participation, and collective action, but only 3 reported on reflexive monitoring.

Conclusion

We identified only a small number of opioid stewardship studies that described the implementation processes of the reported interventions. This may be a barrier to effective translation of interventions into broader practice, limiting the potential for impact and benefit to patients and the wider community. Future studies of opioid stewardship interventions should consider using implementation science e.g., NPT across all aspects of knowledge translation and reporting.
Terra Nova
Authors: Bouchard Jack
Published: November 2023

Au début du xvie siècle, les marins européens établirent une pêcherie commerciale et un site d’occupation permanent dans l’Atlantique du Nord-Ouest. Comment nommer ce lieu ? Cet article défend l’idée que ces marins développèrent leur propre conception de l’espace par le prisme de la création de la pêcherie – une conception qui était le reflet des cartes mentales qu’ils avaient développées à travers la pratique du travail de la pêche. Il soutient qu’au lieu d’utiliser une terminologie contemporaine comme Newfoundland, les spécialistes devraient au contraire s’emparer de cette grille de lecture géographique pour traiter des premières années de la pêcherie et de la colonisation. Des marins de toute l’Europe ont utilisé l’expression Terra Nova et ses variantes afin de désigner un espace fluctuant, vaste et aqueux dans l’Atlantique du Nord-Ouest. Son usage s’est montré cohérent dans le temps et l’espace, et liait la géographie à la pratique de la pêche. Cet article restitue les cartes mentales du xvie siècle, retrace l’origine et la diffusion du syntagme Terra Nova et montre en quoi il diffère des géographies et des désignations des cartographes. Dans sa dernière partie, il réfléchit à la relation entre le travail, la mer et l’espace, et à la manière dont celle-ci a contribué à l’usage de Terra Nova. Ce faisant, il offre le moyen de retrouver les cartes mentales oubliées et de démontrer la malléabilité des géographies maritime au début de l’histoire de l’expansion européenne dans le bassin atlantique.
Specifications and control of spatial frequency errors of components in two-beam laser static holographic exposure for pulse compression grating fabrication
Authors: Hu Chen , Wan Songlin , Jiang Guochang , Gu Haojin , Zhang Yibin , Jin Yunxia , Liu Shijie , Zhao Chengqiang , Cao Hongchao , Wei Chaoyang , Shao Jianda
Published: November 2023

The large-aperture pulse compression grating (PCG) is a critical component in generating an ultra-high-intensity, ultra-short-pulse laser; however, the size of the PCG manufactured by transmission holographic exposure is limited to large-scale high-quality materials. The reflective method is a potential way for solving the size limitation, but there is still no successful precedent due to the lack of scientific specifications and advanced processing technology of exposure mirrors. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to clarify the specifications of components, and advanced processing technology is adopted to control the spatial frequency errors. Hereafter, we have successfully fabricated a multilayer dielectric grating of 200 mm × 150 mm by using an off-axis reflective exposure system with Φ300 mm. This demonstration proves that PCGs can be manufactured by using the reflection holographic exposure method and shows the potential for manufacturing the meter-level gratings used in 100 petawatt class high-power lasers.
Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) pulp oil has the potential to enhance the intestinal barrier morphology, goblet cell proliferation and gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Sant’ Ana Cíntia Tomaz , Verediano Thaísa Agrizzi , Grancieri Mariana , Lopes Toledo Renata Celi , Costa Neuza Maria Brunoro , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte , Barros Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de
Published: November 2023

Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree native from Brazil, whose pulp is rich in oil that has a high content of oleic acid and carotenoids. Macauba pulp oil can bring health benefits due to its bioactive compounds; however, its effects on gut health are unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of macauba pulp oil on the intestinal health in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Male C57BL1/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals/group): control diet, HF diet and HF diet with 4 % of macauba pulp oil (HFM). Concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), faecal pH and histomorphometric analysis of the colon were performed. Content of colon samples was used on microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Animals from the HFM group had higher butyric acid content and goblet cells number, greater circular and longitudinal muscle layer and higher α-diversity compared with the HF group. Moreover, consumption of MPO reduced Desulfobacterota phylum, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae family, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Enterorhabdus genus. Therefore, macauba pulp oil was able to modulate the gut microbiota and enhance intestinal barrier morphology, showing preventive effects on gut dysbiosis in mice fed a HF diet.
Type synthesis and trajectory planning of 5-DOF redundantly actuated parallel robots with large output rotational angles for large workpieces
Authors: Jiang Bingshan , Huang Guanyu , Zhu Shiqiang , Fang Hairong , Tian Xinyu , Xie Anhuan , Zhang Lan , Zhao Pengyu , Gu Jianjun , Kong Lingyu
Published: November 2023

Aerospace represents the development of national science and technology. It is an important foundation for exploring space and an important guarantee for the construction of aerospace power. There are many large workpieces in the aerospace field. The box insulation layer of large workpieces is an important processing problem. A new thick processing equipment is proposed to process the box insulation layer of large workpieces. The thick processing equipment consists of the XYZ shaft long guide rail and five degrees of freedom (5-DOF) RAPA. The mechanical structure of the 5-DOF RAPA is a redundantly actuated parallel mechanism (RAPM). Meanwhile, this paper proposes a new method to design 5-DOF redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms (RAPMs) with large output rotational angles. Based on configuration evolution and Li group, two articulated moving platforms (AMPs) and four kinds of limbs are designed, and a series of 3T2R (T represents translation, R represents rotation) RAPMs and 2T3R RAPMs are synthesized. To verify the designed RAPMs with large angle, an example of RAPMs, 4UPS-{2UPR}-R is analyzed. To ensure that the RAPM has no mechanism vibration impact in movement, this paper represents the RAPM adopts a newly proposed trajectory planning method. The results show that the 4SPU-(2UPR)R mechanism possesses large angles and verifies the efficiency of the new proposed trajectory planning method in simplified trajectories. This work lays the foundation for processing the box insulation layer of large workpieces with straight lines and arcs paths.
Reproductive outcomes with delayed blastocyst development: the clinical value of day 7 euploid blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Abdala Andrea , Elkhatib Ibrahim , Bayram Aşina , El-Damen Ahmed , Melado Laura , Nogueira Daniela , Lawrenz Barbara , Fatemi Human M.
Published: November 2023

Embryos of optimal development reach blastocyst stage 116 ± 2 h after insemination. Usable D7 blastocysts represent nearly 5% of embryos in IVF with acceptable pregnancy and live birth rates, however data are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of D7 blastocysts in single euploid frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. An observational study was performed including 1527 FET cycles with blastocysts biopsied on D5 (N = 855), D6 (N = 636) and D7 (N = 36). Blastocysts were classified as good (AA/AB/BA), fair (BB) or poor (AC/BC/CC/CA/CB) (Gardner scoring). FETs were performed in natural cycles (NC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles. Patient’s age differed significantly between D5, D6 and D7 blastocysts FET cycles (33.2 ± 5.6, 34.4 ± 5.3 and 35.9 ± 5.2, P < 0.001). OPRs were higher when D5 euploid blastocysts were transferred compared with D6 and D7 (56.0% vs. 45.3% and 11.1%, P < 0.001). Poor quality blastocysts were predominant in D7 blastocyst FET cycles (good quality: 35.4%, 27.2%, 5.6%; fair quality: 52.1%, 38.5%, 11.1%; poor quality: 12.5%, 34.3%, 83.3%, P < 0.001 for D5, D6 and D7 blastocysts; respectively). OPR was significantly reduced by D7 blastocyst FETs (OR = 0.23 [0.08;0.62], P = 0.004), patient’s BMI (OR = 0.96 [0.94;0.98], P < 0.001), HRT cycles (OR = 0.70 [0.56;0.88], P = 0.002) and poor quality blastocysts (OR = 0.33 [0.24;0.45], P < 0.001). OPR is significantly reduced with D7 compared with D5/D6 euploid blastocysts in FET cycles. The older the patient, the more likely they are to have an FET cycle with blastocysts biopsied on D7, therefore culturing embryos until D7 can be a strategy to increase OPR outcomes in patients ≥38 years.
Divergent Mental Models as a Trigger of Team Adaptation
Authors: Müller Rebecca , Antoni Conny H.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Due to the continuous implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), members of one team often have a different understanding (i. e., mental models) about their ICT use. Consequently, the ability to adapt their ICT use and to converge their divergent mental models is an essential requirement for teams to remain effective. The results of a laboratory experiment examining 198 participants in 66 teams confirm the hypothesis that the higher the initial divergence of mental models about their ICT use, the more the teams engage in team adaptation processes (i. e., situation assessment, plan formulation, and plan execution). Furthermore, the divergent mental models of team members, mediated by sequential team adaptation processes (i. e., situation assessment, plan formulation, and plan execution) and convergence of mental models, lead to a positive change in ICT use. Our results underscore that theories and research on team adaptation should focus more on team members’ divergence of and convergence toward shared mental models.
A Community‐Based Approach to Climate Science Communication: Results From a Pilot Climate Extension Program
Authors: Clark Suzanna , Roop Heidi A. , Gonzales Katerina R. , Mohr Caryn , Dybsetter Anne , Kingery Linda
Published: November 2023

While the majority of adults across the United States report that they believe that global warming is happening, far fewer report discussing global warming (Howe et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2583; Marlon et al., 2022, https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations‐data/ycom‐us/). One way to inspire further climate action and engagement is to increase individuals' capacity to confidently and effectively discuss climate change. Climate communication science highlights that such communication is most effective when it is anecdotal, narrative, tailored to the audience, and place‐based. To generate climate conversations and inspire action in a variety of communities, partners at the University of Minnesota Extension piloted a program to train community members from across the state of Minnesota in effective climate communication through a series of instructional workshops, coaching, and participant‐led communication activities. Following the training portion of the program, participants identified and hosted their own climate‐related communication activities in their communities. These “climate conversations” took place across Minnesota and included community events, dialogue with elected leaders, and conversations stimulated through literature, among other activities. In their communities, program participants sparked conversations, initiated long‐term climate action efforts, and improved their sense of efficacy in response to climate change. Participants also reported that they improved their climate conversation skills, increased their local climate knowledge, established a support network with fellow participants, had reduced anxiety around communicating, and increased their confidence in being able to communicate about climate change in their communities. This pilot program provides a framework for future cohort‐ and community‐based climate communication programs in the state and beyond.
Development of the SURface Fast Emissivity Model for Ocean (SURFEM‐Ocean) Based on the PARMIO Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Kilic Lise , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos , Turner Emma , Hocking James , English Stephen , Meissner Thomas , Dinnat Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

A Passive and Active Reference Microwave to Infrared Ocean (PARMIO) physical radiative transfer model has been selected by an international team of experts to be used as a community ocean surface emissivity model. A fast version of this physical community model is developed within the framework of European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Numerical Weather Prediction Satellite Application Facilities visiting scientist programme: the SURface Fast Emissivity Model for Ocean (SURFEM‐Ocean), for implementation in the Radiative Transfer code for TOVS (RTTOV) as an alternative/replacement of the well‐known FAST microwave Emissivity Model (FASTEM). First, the configuration of the PARMIO model is adapted to microwave frequencies from 500 MHz to 700 GHz, and issues observed in the preliminary studies with cold sea surface temperatures (SST) and high ocean wind speeds (OWS) are corrected. Second, an artificial neural network method is used to reproduce the results of the PARMIO model much faster. The computation of the analytical Jacobians is also implemented. Finally, SURFEM‐Ocean results are compared with satellite observations and other ocean emissivity models. SURFEM‐Ocean extends the capability of FASTEM. It computes emissivities from 500 MHz to 700 GHz, for all incidence angles, for the fourth Stokes polarizations, for OWS from 0 to 50 m/s, SST from −2 to 30°C, sea surface salinity from 0 to 40 psu, and for all wind directions.
Homogenization of Porous Thin Layers With Internal Stratification for the Estimation of Seismic Reflection Coefficients
Authors: Sotelo Edith , Barbosa Nicolás D. , Solazzi Santiago G. , Rubino J. Germán , Favino Marco , Holliger Klaus
Published: November 2023

Stratified thin layers often present a prominent mechanical contrast with regard to the embedding background and, hence, are important targets for seismic reflection studies. An efficient way to study the reflectivity response of these thin layers is to employ their homogenized viscoelastic equivalents. We aim to homogenize a simple, yet realistic, thin‐layer model, which is composed of a finite non‐periodic sequence of homogeneous porous strata embedded in a background deemed impermeable at the seismic frequencies. The overarching objective is to reproduce the reflectivity response of such stratified thin layers. However, the estimation of the equivalent moduli is inherently affected by the boundary conditions (BC) associated with the embedding background. Therefore, classical homogenization procedures, which assume the existence of a periodic structure, are not readily applicable. We, therefore, propose a novel homogenization procedure that incorporates naturally the appropriate BC. To this end, we consider a sample that includes both a part of the background and a section of the thin layer, to which we apply classical oscillatory relaxation tests. However, we estimate the average of stress and strain components only over the thin layer section of interest. To test the accuracy of the method, we consider a sandstone composed of two strata saturated with different fluids embedded in impermeable half‐spaces. After estimating the corresponding equivalent moduli, we compare the resulting P‐wave reflectivities with those obtained using the original model. Our results show that the inferred viscoelastic equivalent closely reproduces the reflectivities of the stratified thin layer in the seismic frequency range.