bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvanian conifers from interglacial taphoflora of Monte Mor, Itararé Group, State of São Paulo, Brazil: the earliest of the Paraná Basin
Authors: Mune Sandra Eiko , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary Elizabeth Cerruti , Kavali Pauline Sabina , Shivanna Mahesh , Abranches Carla , Christiano-de-Souza Isabel
Published: December 2016

The pre-glossopterid macroflora from the Volpe Ranch, in Monte Mor (State of São Paulo), was deposited during an interglacial context of the Itararé Group. It is characterized by the Paranocladus-Ginkgophyllum-Brasilodendron Association and is included in the middle-basal part of the Itararé Group outcrop, in the NE of the Paraná Basin. It is similar to the Argentine macrofloristic association Krauselcladus-Asterotheca Phytozone (ex-Interval Zone) and its palynofloristic contents belong to the Crucisaccites monoletus Palynozone (Kasimovian to Gzhelian). The conifers in this assemblage are represented by macro and microfossils and record the first level of occurrence of conifers in the basin. They are documented by leafy branches impressions and compressions of Paranocladus dusenii Florin and Buriadia heterophylla (Feistmantel) Seward and Sahni emend. Singh, and platyspermic seeds of the genus Paranospermum. Cuticular studies allowed to correlate the presence of Paranocladus dusenii with the platyspermic seeds Paranospermum cambuiense Ricardi-Branco and to identify a new species of Paranospermum as well. Previous palynological studies in this level led to the recognition of some pollen grains affinis to the gymnosperms (conifers, ginkgoaleans and pteridospermales) comprising monosaccate and bisaccate forms allocated to the genera Cannanoropollis, Plicatipollenites, Potonieisporites and Caheniasaccites indicating certain diversity of conifers as early as in Pennsylvanian. The association of conifers and Ginkgophyllum represents a mesoxerophytic tree community. The abundance of their fragmented material in the taphofloral assemblage suggests allochthonous origin transported toward a deltaic plain which were associated to a parautochthonous origin material. Their fossiliferous sandy matrix overlying the coal also suggests a higher energy agent of transport.
ANALYSE SEMANTIQUE DE LA LOCALISATION EN CHINOIS
Authors: Renaud Francis
Published: December 2016

A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME LOCATIVE CONCEPTS IN CHINESE

The representation of meaning in natural languages is quite a complex task, which can only be achieved by means of approximative model constructions within the frame of a powerful formalism. This paper provides an introduction to some basic locative concepts, in the formal apparatus of lambda-calculus.
A sample of eighteenth century spoken Mandarin from North China
Authors: Coblin South W.
Published: December 2016

The Chinese dialogues in the Qīngwén qĭméng, a Manchu textbook for Chinese readers, provide an extended sample of spoken northern Guānhuà from the mid-eighteenth century. And one version of this text, to be examined here, adds Manchu transcriptional forms for the Chinese text. In the present paper certain phonological, lexical and syntactic features of the form of Chinese underlying the text are examined with specific reference to the development of northern Guānhuà as a koine and to the relationship of this koine to its more prestigious counterpart, the southern Guānhuà of the Nanking area. The paper ends with some thoughts about the route followed by northern Guānhuà as it became the dominant koiné variety during the nineteenth century.
Taxonomic review based on new morpho-anatomical data of the algae Porolithon craspedium and P. gardineri (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta), and comments on other taxa ascribed to the genus
Authors: MANEVELDT G. W. , KEATS D. W.
Published: December 2016

Based on new studies of the types and of putative conspecific specimens from various localities in the Indian and Pacific oceans, Porolithon craspedium and Porolithon gardineri were reaffirmed as distinct species. Examining solely morpho-anatomical data, the types of P. castellum and P. marshallense were found to match the present-day diagnosis of P. craspedium and P. gardineri respectively. It is possible therefore that P. castellum and P. marshallense may respectively be conspecific with P. craspedium and P. gardineri. However, due to a lack of DNA sequencing of the type and/or ‘topotype’ specimens, formal synonymies cannot be proposed and we hope that this study can instead be used to facilitate future research. In contrast to other species from the genus, mature P. craspedium is massive and mountain-like, bearing broad individual to fused vertical columns, while P. gardineri is fruticose with narrow terete, loosely dichotomously branched, predominantly unfused protuberances. Species of Porolithon are ecologically very important and are now well established as principal cementers and primary reef frame-builders of coral reefs across the globe. Additionally, P. colliculosum and P. orbicularis where shown to conform instead to the current characterisation of Spongites and have here been duly transferred to that genus.
Vincetoxicum siamicum sp. nov. (Asclepiadeae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a rheophyte from northeastern Thailand and preliminary observation on its in situ pollen germination
Authors: KIDYOO AROONRAT
Published: December 2016

Vincetoxicum siamicum A.Kidyoo, newly described here, is a rheophytic herb growing in dense clumps near or in streams in northeastern Thailand. Here I provide a diagnosis and detailed description of this new species, as well as illustrations and photographs. Several characters of V. siamicum are compared with those of V. stauntonii, considered to be a close relative. These two species display consistent differences in leaf arrangement and corona structure. A comparison with other rheophytic species, V. glaucescens, V. hydrophilum, V. riparium, V. verticillatum, is also provided. They differ in several traits: shape, size and texture of leaves, hairiness of corolla lobes, branching pattern of inflorescences and elevations at which they occur. In addition, in situ pollen germination observed in the flowers of V. siamicum is reported.
Lysimachia kraduengensis (Primulaceae), a new species from northeastern Thailand
Authors: JULIUS AVELINAH , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , NAIKI AKIYO , GUTIÉRREZ-ORTEGA JOSÉ SAID , SUDDEE SOMRAN , RUEANGRUEA SUKID , YAHARA TETSUKAZU , UTTERIDGE TIMOTHY
Published: December 2016

A new species of Primulaceae from Thailand, Lysimachia kraduengensis, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to L. engleri, L. lancifolia, L. laxa and L. sikokiana in having solitary and axillary flowers, a yellow corolla, relatively long pedicels and basifixed anthers. The new species can be distinguished by the combination of its height, leaf texture, petiole, calyx and anther length, and brown coloration on the flowers. In addition, the conservation status, an updated key to Lysimachia species in Thailand, and discussion of the systematic placement of the new species based on the trnL-F marker of chloroplast DNA are provided.
Pleocnemia siamensis (Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from southern Thailand
Authors: XU XIAO-GANG , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: December 2016

A new fern species, Pleocnemia siamensis (Dryopteridaceae), is described and illustrated from Yala Province, southern Thailand. Pleocnemia siamensis is most similar to P. macrodonta in the dissection of laminae and morphology of sinuses, but the former has sori in one row on each side of the costules and located at the ends of the veinlets (rarely on the back of the veinlets), while the latter has sori in two rows on each side of the costules and located on the back of veinlets. Pleocnemia siamensis is described from limestone cliffs in a national park and is classified as CR-critically endangered IUCN category.
Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: ZHANG DONG , ZHANG MING , WANG CHAO , PAPE THOMAS
Published: December 2016

An updated taxonomic catalog of all 32 species of the subfamily Paramacronychiinae so far known to occur in China is presented. The catalog includes data on type locality, references, distribution and information on type material for nominal species with a Chinese type locality. Additional specimens deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Museum of Beijing Forestry University were examined. The genus Wohlfahrtiodes Villeneuve, 1910 and the species Wohlfahrtiodes marzinowskyi Rohdendorf, 1962 are new records from China. Two new synonyms are proposed: Wohlfahrtia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 = Sinotibetomyia Xue in Xue & Fei, 2011, syn. nov., and Wohlfahrtia atra Aldrich, 1926 = Sinotibetomyia curvifemura Xue & Fei, 2011, syn. nov.
Impacts of Different Types of ENSO on the Interannual Seesaw between the Somali and the Maritime Continent Cross-Equatorial Flows
Authors: Li Chen , Luo Jing-Jia , Li Shuanglin
Published: December 2016

The impacts of different types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interannual negative correlation (seesaw) between the Somali cross-equatorial flow (CEF) and the Maritime Continent (MC) CEF during boreal summer (June–August) are investigated using the ECMWF twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C) dataset and numerical experiments with a global atmospheric model [the Met Office Unified Model global atmosphere, version 6 (UM-GA6)]. The results suggest that ENSO plays a prominent role in governing the CEF-seesaw relation. A high positive correlation (0.86) exists between the MC CEF and Niño-3.4 index and also in the case of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, central Pacific (CP) El Niño, EP La Niña, and CP La Niña events. In contrast, a negative correlation (−0.35) exists between the Somali CEF and Niño-3.4 index, and this negative relation is significant only in the EP El Niño years. Further, the variation of the MC CEF is highly correlated with the local north–south sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, while the variation of the Somali CEF displays little relation with the local SST gradient. The Somali CEF may be remotely influenced by ENSO. The model results confirm that the EP El Niño plays a major role in causing the weakened Somali CEF via modifying the Walker cell. However, the impact of the EP El Niño on the Somali CEF differs with different seasonal background. It is also found that the interannual CEF seesaw displays a multidecadal change before and after the 1950s, which is linked with the multidecadal strengthening of the intensity of the EP ENSO.
Robust differential expression analysis by learning discriminant boundary in multi-dimensional space of statistical attributes
Authors: Bei Yuanzhe , Hong Pengyu
Published: December 2016

Background

Performing statistical tests is an important step in analyzing genome-wide datasets for detecting genomic features differentially expressed between conditions. Each type of statistical test has its own advantages in characterizing certain aspects of differences between population means and often assumes a relatively simple data distribution (e.g., Gaussian, Poisson, negative binomial, etc.), which may not be well met by the datasets of interest. Making insufficient distributional assumptions can lead to inferior results when dealing with complex differential expression patterns.

Results

We propose to capture differential expression information more comprehensively by integrating multiple test statistics, each of which has relatively limited capacity to summarize the observed differential expression information. This work addresses a general application scenario, in which users want to detect as many as DEFs while requiring the false discovery rate (FDR) to be lower than a cut-off. We treat each test statistic as a basic attribute, and model the detection of differentially expressed genomic features as learning a discriminant boundary in a multi-dimensional space of basic attributes. We mathematically formulated our goal as a constrained optimization problem aiming to maximize discoveries satisfying a user-defined FDR. An effective algorithm, Discriminant-Cut, has been developed to solve an instantiation of this problem. Extensive comparisons of Discriminant-Cut with 13 existing methods were carried out to demonstrate its robustness and effectiveness.

Conclusions

We have developed a novel machine learning methodology for robust differential expression analysis, which can be a new avenue to significantly advance research on large-scale differential expression analysis.
Impact of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon on body composition and psychopathological profile in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Guedes Erika P. , Madeira Eduardo , Mafort Thiago T. , Madeira Miguel , Moreira Rodrigo O. , Mendonça Laura Maria C. , Godoy-Matos Amélio F. , Lopes Agnaldo J. , Farias Maria Lucia F.
Published: December 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon (IGB) on body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods

Fifty patients (aged 18–50 years) with obesity and MS were selected for treatment with IGB for 6 months. Body composition was verified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and right after IGB removal. Anxiety/depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.

Results

In total, 39 patients completed the study. After 6 months, there were significant decreases in weight (11.7 ± 9.6 kg, p < 0.0001) and waist circumference (9.3 ± 8.2 cm, p < 0.0001). Weight loss was also demonstrated by DXA and corresponded to decreases of 3.0 ± 3.4% in body fat percentage, 7.53 ± 7.62 kg in total body fat, and 3.70 ± 4.89 kg in lean body mass (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Depressive symptoms scores decreased by a mean of 4.57 ± 10.6 points when assessed with the BDI (p = 0.002) and 1.82 ± 5.16 points when assessed with the HADS-Depression (p = 0.0345). Anxiety symptoms scores decreased by a mean of 1.84 ± 4.04 points when determined with the HADS-anxiety (p = 0.0066). The decrease in body fat percentage was the parameter that best correlated with improvements in depressive (p = 0.008) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.014).

Conclusions

In obese individuals with MS, fat mass reduction was associated with short-term improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Trial Registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01598233
Clinical protein science developments for patient monitoring in hospital central laboratories
Authors: Malm Johan , Marko‐Varga György
Published: December 2016

Patient care relies heavily on standardized tests performed in hospital laboratories, typically including clinical chemistry, pathology and microbiology. With the introduction of personalized medicine tremendous efforts have been made to identify new biomarkers of disease with various omics technologies, often including mass spectrometry. In order to validate new biomarkers and perform clinical studies high quality biobank samples are of key importance. In this editorial different aspects of mass spectrometry in future personalized medicine are discussed.
Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation?
Authors: Poortmans Jacques R. , Carpentier Alain
Published: December 2016

Muscle mass is the major deposit of protein molecules with dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. In human subjects, invasive and non-invasive techniques have been applied to determine their skeletal muscle catabolism of amino acids at rest, during and after different forms of physical exercise and training. The aim of this review is to analyse the turnover flux and the relative oxidation rate of different types of muscle proteins after one bout of exercise as well as after resistance and endurance condition of training. Protein feeding in athletes appears to be a crucial nutrition necessity to promote the maintenance of muscle mass and its adaptation to the need imposed by the imposed technical requirements. In resting human individuals, the recommended protein daily allowance is about 0.8 g (dry weight) kg−1 body weight per 24 h knowing that humans are unable to accumulate protein stores in muscle tissues. Nevertheless, practical feeding recommendations related to regular exercise practice are proposed to athletes by different bodies in order to foster their skills and performance. This review will examine the results obtained under endurance and resistance type of exercise while consuming single or repeated doses of various ingestions of protein products (full meat, essential amino acids, specific amino acids and derivatives, vegetarian food). From the scientific literature, it appears that healthy athletes (and heavy workers) should have a common diet of 1.25 g kg−1 24 h to compensate the exercise training muscle protein degradation and their resynthesis within the following hours. A nitrogen-balance assay would be recommended to avoid any excessive intake of protein. Eventually, a daily equilibrated food intake would be of primer importance versus inadequate absorption of some specific by-products.
The Care of the Possible
Authors: Conley Verena Andermatt
Published: December 2016

In ecological thinking, the term care is of shifting valence. In philosophical and literary history, care is inflected as worrisome, burdensome, while, at the same time, uplifting and given to life. It has functional virtue in material practices based on what can be called an empathic relation. In recent critical texts addressing ecological dilemmas, care emerges as a diagram—an intermediate form—between possibility and event. Both palliative and favoring what is possible, care is inflected multifariously and with uncommon force of attraction in the materialist philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari that inspires the work of Jane Bennett, Rosi Braidotti, Brian Massumi, Isabelle Stengers, Mark Hansen, and Jussi Parikka. In each, the care of the possible is based on experimentation and embrace of open-ended practice: collaboration rather than individual profit; posthumanism that recognizes universal entanglements; attention to the role technology plays in all spheres of inquiry; and, increasingly, sensors that produce a surplus of sensibility. This article argues that open-endedness, or possibility, has to be coupled with a palliative care brought to dwindling material resources.
Technofossils of the Anthropocene
Authors: Taffel Sy
Published: December 2016

From the inception of modern, petrochemical-derived synthetic plastics to the contemporary situation in which over 300 million tons of plastic are produced each year, media assemblages and plastics constitute a range of intra-actions that contribute to our understanding of contemporary material politics. This article explores a number of issues surrounding entanglements of media and plastics, including the formation of vast oceanic plastic garbage patches, the treatment of highly toxic electronics waste, the usage of thermal papers that disrupt the human endocrine system, and the formation of technical fossils whose lack of biodegradability forms one strand of evidence within discourses of the Anthropocene. The material politics of plastics places into conversation temporal scales ranging from geological rhythms, which are measured in millions of years, to the hyperconsumption of 24/7 global capitalism, asking pertinent questions about how we conceptualize contemporary ethical and biopolitical issues surrounding humans and other living systems.
Grand challenges for global brain sciences
Authors:   Global Brain Workshop 2016 Attendees
Published: December 2016

The next grand challenges for science and society are in the brain sciences.  A collection of 60+ scientists from around the world, together with 15+ observers from national, private, and foundations, spent two days together discussing the top challenges that we could solve as a global community in the next decade.  We settled on three challenges, spanning anatomy, physiology, and medicine.  Addressing all three challenges requires novel computational infrastructure.  The group proposed the advent of The International Brain Station (TIBS), to address these challenges, and launch brain sciences to the next level of understanding.
METHOD OF INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF ALFALFA SEED
Authors: Ахметзянова  , Akhmetzyanova Railya
Published: December 2016

Alfalfa seed production depends on pollination of flowers and the level of large number of full seeds formation in the pollination of flowers per 1 bean, as well as the weight of 1000 seeds. Field studies were carried out in LLC “Urta Saba” of Sabinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014-2016. The soil is gray forest of heavy-loamed and granulometric distribution. Agrochemical indicators of soil are typical. The common method of field research with forage crops was used. During the experiments the weather conditions were madi-favourable for alfalfa seeds. The total area of plots is 80 m2, the accounting is 60 m2. The experimental scheme is as follows: 1) control without fertilizing; 2) foliar fertilizing by potassium sulfate; 3) fertilizing by potassium-magnesium; 4) fertilizing by potassium bisulfate; 5) fertilizing by potassium chloride. The object of research is variegated-hybrid alfalfa of Gyuzel. It is necessary to create optimum conditions for plant nutrient status for normal fruit formation of alfalfa. It was revealed, that the plants develop better during foliar fertilizers by potassium. Carrying out a foliar feeding of plants during flowering helped to raise the connection of beans on inflorescence of alfalfa, to increase the number of normally developed alfalfa seeds, by reducing the number of shrunken, undeveloped ones. And, in turn, it was accompanied with an increase in seed production and sowing qualities of alfalfa seeds.
IMPACT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE STEPPE ZONES OF ORENBURG URAL REGION
Authors: Тимошенкова  , Timoshenkova Tatyana , Самуилов  , Samuilov Feofan
Published: December 2016

Terms of plant water availability during the growing season of barley promote the wide variability in the size of plant organs of modern barley varieties of Orenburg breeding. In favorable conditions, the spring barley varieties form tall crops, long stems and large ears. Tall crops are typical to Armilid, Orenburgskiy 11, Orenburgskiy 17, Pervotselinnik and T 12 varieties. In dry conditions, there is a noticeable decrease in the value of the morphological features of the barley plants. The greatest advantage over the standard one according to the length of stem and ear in drought conditions was observed in Pervotselinnik varity. Mathematical analysis revealed a close relationship between the productivity of spring barley varieties on morphological characters sizes. Analysis of the graphs showed, that with an increase in plant height, stem length and ear length, an increase of the productivity is observed in the range of parameters studied morphological traits of modern spring barley varieties. The optimal parameters for the plant height of spring barley make up 82-88 cm; ear length - 8,5-9,7 cm; stem length - 75-80 cm; stem length ration to ear - 10,00-10,50 units. These values of morphological characters allow to obtain a high yield in the steppes of Orenburg Ural region. The optimal combination of plant organs parameters is observed in Armilid, Myar 2 and Pervotselinnik varities.
FEATURES OF INTERNAL ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTING FORMATON ON THE STATE BUDGETARY FACILITIES IN AGRARIAN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Клычова  , Klychova Guzaliya , Нуриева  , Nurieva Regina
Published: December 2016

In modern conditions of agricultural organizations a special attention focuses on the development and formation of internal management reporting. As a source of financing of current and capital expenditure of the agrarian organizations, budgetary funds could have a significant impact on the increase in the company’s financial results, and therefore it requires continuous monitoring of target and efficient use. The article describes the features of internal management reporting formation on budgetary funds in agrarian organizations like agar product of management accounting and internal control system, taking into account the productive and technological and industry-wide characteristics of agriculture.
Southern Sudanese Women's Resistance to State Crime
Authors: Maher Sara
Published: December 2016

This article will show that oral histories of South Sudanese
1 women elders, living in the Australian diaspora, contain accounts of state crime perpetrated against Sudan's southern population during that country's second civil war (1983–2005) by the Government of Sudan (GoS). Crimes include genocidal attacks on rural communities that involved killings, rape and enslavement. The bombing of displaced civilians, extrajudicial killings, unlawful imprisonment, and mass killings at border crossings were also mentioned by women elders in life histories recorded by The Anyikool Project (TAP) between 2012 and 2014 (Maher 2014). Green and Ward (2013) found that oral histories of members of civil society organizations (CSOs) contain histories of state crimes during civil conflict, and are therefore a potentially rich source of knowledge for researchers. Here, I posit that the oral histories of female survivors of civil conflict are an equally rich, but a largely untapped, source of information. The oral narratives of these women have much to offer our understanding of gendered resistance to state crimes during civil wars.
Los determinantes económicos de la delincuencia: Santiago de Chile 2001-2009
Authors: González Esteban Ángel Luis
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se analiza el fenómeno de la delincuencia en Santiago de Chile a lo largo de la última década. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis descriptivo –composición y tendencias en el nivel de criminalidad, percepción social de la delincuencia y situación de Chile en el mundo– y, a continuación, se efectúa un análisis empírico en el que las categorías de homicidio y robo con fuerza son explicadas a partir de una batería de variables socioeconómicas. Los homicidios son mayoritariamente cometidos por hombres en las comunas más densamente pobladas y en aquellas con mayor déficit educacional. Por el contrario, la gran mayoría de los robos se produce en las comunas ricas, donde la mayor presencia policial no permite compensar la incidencia de condicionantes estructurales como la desigualdad de ingresos.
Enredando a las elites empresariales en América Latina: análisis de redes de interlocking directorates y propiedad en México, Chile, Perú y Brasil
Authors: Cárdenas Julián
Published: December 2016

Enredar a las elites empresariales es un llamamiento a estudiar las redes de las personas y organizaciones que dirigen y controlan las grandes empresas. Este artículo analiza y visibiliza a las elites empresariales en México, Chile, Perú y Brasil mediante el análisis de redes de interlocking directorates y propiedad entre las grandes empresas. Los resultados contribuyen a teorías y debates sobre la organización de las elites y el poder en base al análisis de casos de América Latina.
Redes de cooperación legislativa a nivel subnacional. Análisis de los casos de Río Negro y Santa Fe
Authors: Rodríguez Cecilia Graciela
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo aborda las redes de cooperación legislativa que se conforman entre los legisladores de distintos partidos, en las legislaturas provinciales de Río Negro y Santa Fe en Argentina, durante el período 1995-2007. La baja densidad y la reducida conectividad de las redes de cooperación observadas confirman que el establecimiento de lazos no es estable, sino que se trata de dinámicas de cooperación que se conforman de forma puntual para sacar adelante la legislación.
Sistema de innovación de la salud: redes en Río Grande do Sul/Brasil
Authors: Tatsch Ana Lúcia , Ruffoni Janaina , Botelho Marisa dos Reis A.
Published: December 2016

Siguiendo el enfoque de sistema de innovación, el artículo tiene el objetivo de contribuir a caracterizar el proceso de innovación en el área de salud. Para esto, fueron analizadas las interacciones entre actores del sistema de salud en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El estudio se basa en un conjunto de datos secundarios y primarios y se caracteriza por ser un estudio empírico exploratorio. Los datos primarios se recogieron a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas cara a cara. Los datos secundarios fueron obtenidos del Directorio de Grupos de Investigación del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico y fueron utilizados para la construcción de redes de interacción. El análisis ha demostrado que, si bien se reconoce la presencia en el sistema de salud local de una serie de organizaciones, las interacciones entre los diversos subsistemas –servicios, de enseñanza e investigación e industriales– son poco frecuentes. Entre los actores que se destacaron como centrales en las redes están: un hospital universitario, universidades tradicionales de investigación del Estado y organizaciones de distintos tipos y tamaños.
IChO-48—An Extraordinary Olympiad of Chemistry
Authors: Elizbarashvili Elizbar , Ochkhikidze Natia , Khatisashvili Gia
Published: December 2016

Georgia became a member of the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) at the 2014 Olympiad in Vietnam, but our first participation in IChO was in Washington in July 2012, when I [Elizbar Elizbarashvili] was an observer.
The Asymmetrical Influence of Timing Asynchrony of Bass Guitar and Drum Sounds on Groove
Authors: Matsushita Soyogu , Nomura Shingo
Published: December 2016

Groove is a pleasant feeling that compels people to move their bodies along with music. In the past, there was some consensus among both musicians and researchers that the main factor in inducing this feeling is onset asynchrony of sounds. However, recent studies have asserted that no-asynchrony is the condition that will obtain the highest groove. The current study examined whether no-asynchrony exclusively elicits the highest groove. In Experiment 1, we measured the groove increment of a backbeat drum pattern as a function of the asynchronies between bass guitar and hi-hat cymbal sounds. Upon evaluation, the scores of no conditions exceeded those of the synchronous condition. However, the condition with slight bass guitar precedence over the hi-hat achieved an approximately equal score to the condition with complete synchrony, and that score was higher than the ones achieved with bass delay. In Experiment 2, we measured the participants’ sensitivities to timing discrimination. The results confirmed that the amount of bass precedence in Experiment 1 was perceptible to the listeners. These findings suggest that complete synchronization is not always the best condition to achieve groove and that listeners prefer perceivable asynchronies in some cases.
Quality of life in thyroid cancer patients: a literature review
Authors: Bãrbuş Elena , Peştean Claudiu , Larg Maria Iulia , Piciu Doina
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Quality of life (QoL) has received increasing interest in the last years, especially in patients with cancer. This article aims to analyze a selection of medical research papers regarding the quality of life in patients with thyroid carcinoma. We overviewed the main QoL aspects derived from several studies and highlighted those less researched issues, which could represent a solid base for future clinical studies.Method. We used an integrative selection method of medical literature, choosing mostly "free access" studies, as it was considered that they could be easily viewed, searched and researched including by patients.Results. After an integrative literature review, we selected 16 relevant studies. Patients with thyroid cancer have several factors influencing their QoL, with both physical and psychological impact. The decisive factors are the quality of the surgical act, radioiodine therapy, follow-up using rh-TSH vs. hormonal withdrawal, access to behavioral help and the relationship with their physician.Conclusion. We must understand the emotional impact of the cancer diagnosis on the patient and we must collaborate in order to help the patient restore the psychosomatic balance and to recover the quality of life.
BIOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIOCINS FROM SOME Lactobacillus species ISOLATED FROM FOODS
Authors: Christianah Oladipo Iyabo , Oluyinka Anwooko Deborah , Ibukun Daramola Dupe , Bose Babalola Funmilayo , T. Abidoye Ganiyat , Dorcas Olawale Olaitan , Mary Iyanda Kehinde , Ruth Ajiboye Ouwakemi , Anuoluwapo Osunpidan Daniel , Theresa Ogunremi Aminat , A. Olanbiwoninu Afolake
Published: December 2016

Lactobacillus species isolated from ogi, kunnu, yoghurt and palm-wine were found to produce bacteriocins. The bacteriocins had broad spectra of antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The effects of the bacteriocins on Escherichia coli infections in rats were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with E. coli and treated with 1280 AU/ml of the bacteriocins from L. plantarum MO21, L. plantarum MP12, L. casei MK21, L. casei MO11, L. brevis MK11 and L. buchneri MY21. Escherichia coli infection caused upregulation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total protein, globulin, cholesterol, bilirubin and glucose levels in sera of the infected rats which were down-regulated in the bacteriocin treated rats. Gastric and GIT damage caused by E. coli infection were reduced in the bacteriocin-treated groups. Therefore, it is concluded that these bacteriocins may have useful biomedical applications.
COMPARISON OF HYALURONIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS BY THE RECOMBINANT Escherichia Coli STRAINS IN DIFFERENT MODE OF BIOREACTOR OPERATION
Authors: Lai Zee-Wei , Abdul Rahim Raha , B. Ariff Arbakariya , Mohamad Rosfarizan
Published: December 2016

Recombinant E. coli was used as a host to explore the biosynthesis of Hyaluronic acid (HA) in Gram-negative strain using the optimized medium. In addition, measurement of HA molecular weight produced by the recombinant strains in shake-flask and 2 L stirred tank bioreactor (batch and fed-batch cultivation) were compared too .In this study, the hasA and hasE genes expressed together in a plasmid in recombinant E. coli strains were successfully produced HA using glucose as a carbon source under aerobic condition. Production of 127 mg/L HA was observed in a batch fermentation process with the highest HA molecular weight (70056 Da) using strain sAE in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor with controlled DO at 30%. The fed-batch culture with constant feeding of glucose was favorable for cell growth and the highest OD600 achieved at 1.923. However, the HA biosynthesis and molecular weight in fed-batch culture were lower than that observed in the batch culture.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF CYANOBACTERIA, LIMNOTHRIX SP. AND LEPTOLYNGBYA SP. FROM ARABIAN SEA
Authors: Anas Abdulaziz , Vinothkumar Saradavey , Gupta Sweety , Jasmin Chekidhenkuzhiyil , Joseph Valsamma , Subrayan Parameswaran Perunninakulath , Nair Shanta
Published: December 2016

The hexane fractions of the marine cyanobacteria: Leptolyngbya sp. and Limnothrix sp., collected from Arabian Sea were found to display promising antioxidant properties than their ethyl acetate fraction during radical scavenging ABTS/DPPH assays (IC50=30/330 and 60/260 µg ml-1 respectively). Phytochemical analyses of the fractions indicated presence of carbohydrates, flavanoids and steroids in both organisms. The hexane fraction of Limnothrix sp exhibited higher UV-Vis (300-450 nm) absorption, indicating presence of aromatic antioxidant compounds like flavanoids. This fraction was relatively non-toxic towards mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells (IC50 400 µg ml-1) and in fact, protected live cells from UV induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. On the contrary, the hexane fraction of Leptolyngbya sp. had lower UV-Vis absorption, richer in alkaloids and also more cytotoxic (IC50 200 µg ml-1) towards the mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells. In short the hexane fraction of Limnothrix sp. is a safe antioxidant additive for food and healthcare products. On the other hand, the hexane fraction of Leptolyngbya sp. is rich in alkaloids and was cytotoxic, with potential application in cancer therapy.
Indias blancas tierra adentro. El cautiverio femenino en la Frontera de la Araucanía, siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: González Yéssica
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se analiza la tensión experimentada por los grupos en contacto en la Frontera de la Araucanía en Chile para el periodo colonial y tardocolonial, a partir del estudio cautiverio, con énfasis en la cautividad femenina. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, basado en la relectura de fuentes primarias y de archivo, tomando los lineamientos teóricos y metodológicos de la historia fronteriza y de género. Se caracteriza el cautiverio como una práctica transversal a los grupos en contacto, en que el cuerpo e imagen de la “cautiva”, como símbolo de derrota, fue crisol de la mezcla de sangres, cultura e identidades y objeto de instrumentalización política según sus intereses y las transformaciones de los siglos abarcados.
Degeneración, regeneración y raza: el proyecto moderno en Antioquia, 1903-1930
Authors: Ospina Cruz Carlos Arturo , Runge Peña Andrés Klaus
Published: December 2016

Este es un estudio histórico-pedagógico que explora la participación de Antioquia en discusiones sobre la “degeneración” y la “regeneración” de la “raza” en el contexto de la reforma nacional instruccionista de 1903. A partir de un análisis documental de los discursos que circulaban en la época (plasmados en leyes, decretos, publicaciones en la Revista de Instrucción pública y textos de educadores —pedagogos— e intelectuales), se muestra cómo la decadencia de la “raza” fue entendida en Antioquia como el resultado del mal estado físico, las supuestas incidencias negativas que esto tenía sobre el desarrollo intelectual y la búsqueda de una salida “regenerativa” que pretendía atender las insuficiencias físicas en términos eugenésicos. Como se verá, estos debates sobre el cuerpo fueron el reflejo de otros que giraban en torno a uno más grande: el cuerpo nacional.
Martha Lux Martelo. Mujeres patriotas y realistas entre dos órdenes. Discursos, estrategias y tácticas en la guerra, la política y el comercio (Nueva Granada, 1790-1830).
Authors: González Zuluaga Lorena P.
Published: December 2016

Martha Lux Martelo es psicóloga de la Universidad del Norte, magíster y doctora en Historia de la Universidad de los Andes. Dentro de sus líneas de interés se encuentran la historia colonial y de género. Este libro es resultado de la investigación que Lux realizó en su doctorado bajo la dirección de María Emma Wills. La orientación de Wills probablemente repercutió en la visión novedosa que Lux presenta en su lectura de la guerra de Independencia y de la confrontación entre patriotas y realistas, haciendo uso de herramientas proporcionadas por los estudios recientes sobre el conflicto en nuestro país y sobre la denominada categoría de feminicidio, de los cuales se ha ocupado Wills como investigadora del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.
Francisco A. Ortega Martínez y Yobenj Aucardo Chicangana-Bayona, eds. Conceptos fundamentales de la cultura política de la Independencia.
Authors: Garrido Margarita
Published: December 2016

El libro editado por Francisco Ortega Martínez y Yobenj Aucardo Chicangana-Bayona es, en buena parte, producto de una investigación colectiva sobre los lenguajes políticos del período de la Independencia neogranadina, iniciada ya hace más de siete años con un grupo de estudiantes de maestría de la Universidad Nacional que, al ampliar sus fronteras, ha involucrado a otros investigadores nacionales y extranjeros, con quienes discute su propuesta metodológica y de principios con respecto a la historia conceptual. Lo interesante es que el libro no es la respuesta a un llamado a enviar artículos que más o menos se acomoden a unos temas y problemas, sino el resultado de lecturas conjuntas, debates y reflexiones que le permitió compartir a los autores lo que en su momento entendían por historia conceptual y por cultura política. Así, decidieron formular preguntas que no solo dieran cuenta de la semántica histórica sino que además, como lo plantean en la introducción, indagan por las experiencias que alimentaron los sentidos dados a un concepto y las expectativas que despertaron entre quienes lo usaron. Los conceptos a trabajar fueron escogidos, entendiendo que tenían esa calidad precisamente por haber estado en el centro de los debates por el sentido y el significado de los acontecimientos; porque fue con esos conceptos que los contemporáneos reflexionaron y elaboraron las experiencias vividas.
Jaramillo Uribe: el sociólogo, el historiador
Authors: Cubides Cipagauta Fernando
Published: December 2016

Al tomar como referente principal los 32 ensayos compilados en el libro De la sociología a la historia, se examinan los traslapes, las afinidades y la complementariedad entre las dos disciplinas en la trayectoria de Jaime Jaramillo Uribe como investigador, maestro, pionero de la investigación histórica con carácter profesional y divulgador. Para ello se acude a la información biográfica que el propio Jaramillo aporta tanto en sus Memorias intelectuales como en varios de los ensayos y en la entrevista con la concluye De la sociología a la historia. Se procura hacer extensivo y aplicable este análisis a otras publicaciones suyas, así como al conjunto de su trayectoria.
“Historia de la pedagogía como historia de la cultura”: ¿entre la historia de las ideas y la historia social?
Authors: Saldarriaga Vélez Oscar
Published: December 2016

Se ofrece una relectura del libro de Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, Historia de la pedagogía como historia de la cultura, dictado como curso en 1952 y editado en 1970. Siendo Jaramillo el iniciador del género de la historia social de la educación en el Manual de historia de Colombia (también publicado en 1970), se pregunta si existe continuidad o discontinuidad entre la historia de la pedagogía y de la cultura y cómo se asume en la obra del maestro Jaramillo esta tensión. El análisis constata que en su obra circulan varios sentidos del término cultura, también tensionados entre su dimensión “espiritual” y su dimensión “material”, inspirados los primeros en Dilthey y Durkheim y los segundos en Marx y Weber. Se propone una hipótesis para iniciar un trabajo de exploración y explicación de esta polisemia, a partir de los varios estratos de saber presentes en la intelectualidad colombiana entre las décadas de 1930 y 1960.
El constitucionalismo y los imperativos revolucionarios: Popayán, 1808-1815
Authors: Vanegas Isidro
Published: December 2016

Se estudia la manera como emergió y se desarrolló el ideal constitucional en Popayán durante el periodo de las primeras repúblicas neogranadinas. Aunque esa provincia fluctuó entre el independentismo y el lealismo, también allí los líderes insurgentes compartieron un rasgo fundamental de la Revolución neogranadina: la vocación constitucionalista, pues estuvieron convencidos de que sus provincias, así como el conjunto neogranadino, debían dotarse de cartas constitucionales que dieran culminación a la deseada transformación del orden.
Statistical analysis of surface roughness of machined graphite by means of CNC milling
Authors: Sánchez López Orquídea , Rosas González Armando , Hernández Castillo Ignacio
Published: December 2016

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth on the surface finish of grade GSP-70 graphite specimens for use in electrical discharge machining (EDM) for material removal by means of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling with low-speed machining (LSM). A two-level factorial design for each of the three established factors was used for the statistical analysis. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that cutting speed and feed rate are the two most significant factors with regard to the roughness obtained with grade GSP-70 graphite by means of CNC milling. A second order regression analysis was also conducted to estimate the roughness average (Ra) in terms of the cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth. Finally, the comparison between predicted roughness by means of a second order regression model and the roughness obtained by machined specimens considering the combinations of low and high levels of roughness is also presented.
Fast calculation of the maximum power point of photovoltaic generators under partial shading
Authors: Ramos-Paja Carlos Andres , Trejos-Grisales Luz Adriana , Herrera - Murcia Javier
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a method to calculate the energy production of photovoltaic generators considering partial shading or mismatched conditions. The proposed method is based on the complete one-diode model including the bypass diode in its exponential form, where the current and voltage values of the modules composing the photovoltaic panel array are calculated without using the Lambert-W function. In addition, the method introduces a procedure to calculate the vicinity of the maximum power points, which enables the reduction of the operations required to obtain the global maximum. The proposed method provides short simulation times and high accuracy. On the other hand, since the method does not require complex mathematical functions, it can be implemented straightforwardly on known software packages and development languages such as C and C++. Those characteristics make this method a useful tool to evaluate the economic viability and return-of-investment time of photovoltaic installations. Simulation results and comparisons with a classical procedure confirm the good performance of the proposed method in terms of execution time and accuracy.
The mechanical behavior of two warm-mix asphalts
Authors: Rondón Hugo Alexander , Ocampo Manuel Santiago , Vacca Hermes Ariel , Reyes Fredy Alberto , Nieto Juan Pablo , Beltrán Diana Patricia
Published: December 2016

This paper presents results stemming from a comparative experimental analysis of two warm-mix asphalts (WMA) and a dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA). In order to evaluate asphalt mixture behavior, physical and rheological tests were conducted, including tests on resilient modulus, resistance to moisture-induced damage, resistance to fatigue and resistance to permanent deformation. Samples studied were subjected to short (STOA) and long-term (LTOA) aging. As far as asphalt mixture composition is concerned, the same particle size distribution and coarse aggregate were employed for both mixture types. The control HMA mixture was produced with AC 60-70, and the WMAs used the same asphalt cement modified with two chemical additives (Rediset WMX® and Cecabase RT®). The modified mixtures exhibited better resistance to permanent deformation, aging and moisture-induced damage (versus the control mixture). Likewise, WMAs generally saw increased fatigue resistance under controlled-stress loading, which rheological characterization showed is mainly attributable to binder additives and their concomitant modifications.