bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Renin Secretion and Arterial Pressure During Prolonged Baroreflex Activation
Authors: Hildebrandt Drew A. , Irwin Eric D. , Cates Adam W. , Lohmeier Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

Chronic electric activation of the carotid baroreflex produces sustained reductions in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure and is currently being evaluated as antihypertensive therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. However, the influence of variations in salt intake on blood pressure lowering during baroreflex activation (BA) has not yet been determined. As the sensitivity of arterial pressure to salt intake is linked to the responsiveness of renin secretion, we determined steady-state levels of arterial pressure and neurohormonal responses in 6 dogs on low, normal, and high salt intakes (5, 40, 450 mmol/d, respectively) under control conditions and during a 7-day constant level of BA. Under control conditions, there was no difference in mean arterial pressure at low (92±1) and normal (92±2 mm Hg) sodium intakes, but pressure increased 9±2 mm Hg during high salt. Plasma renin activity (2.01±0.23, 0.93±0.20, 0.01±0.01 ng angiotensin I/mL/h) and plasma aldosterone (10.3±1.9, 3.5±0.5, 1.7±0.1 ng/dL) were inversely related to salt intake, whereas there were no changes in plasma norepinephrine. Although mean arterial pressure (19–22 mm Hg) and norepinephrine (20%–40%) were lower at all salt intakes during BA, neither the changes in pressure nor the absolute values for plasma renin activity or aldosterone in response to salt were different from control conditions. These findings demonstrate that suppression of sympathetic activity by BA lowers arterial pressure without increasing renin release and indicate that changes in sympathetic activity are not primary mediators of the effect of salt on renin secretion. Consequently, blood pressure lowering during BA is independent of salt intake.
Axioidea material collected by the Japanese R/V-s “Hakuhou-maru” and “Nagasaki-maru” in the East China Sea with a revised key to the families of the superfamily Axioidea Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda, Callianassidea)
Authors: Sakai Katsushi
Published: June 2014

The present Axioidea-material was collected by the R/V “Hakuhou-maru”, University of Tokyo, in 2005 and the R/V “Nagasaki-maru”, University of Nagasaki, during biological surveys in the East China Sea in 2004-2005. The material collected during these cruises comprises three families, four genera including one new genus, and four species including three new species. These taxa are: Axiidae Huxley, 1879 with Acanthaxius Sakai & De Saint Laurent, 1989, A. gotoensis sp. nov., and Batyaxius gen. nov., B. sugurui sp. nov.; Calocarididae Ortmann, 1891 with Ambiaxius Sakai & De Saint Laurent, 1989, A. alcocki (McArdle, 1900); and Eiconaxiidae Sakai & Ohta, 2005 with Eiconaxius Bate, 1888, E. kumejimaensis sp. nov.
The origin of barnacles (Thecostraca, Cirripedia)
Authors: Williamson D. I.
Published: June 2014

I claim that hybridogenesis has played a vital part in the evolution of the Thoracica, Acrothoracica, Rhizocephala and Facetotecta. Hybridogenesis is the generation of new life forms and new life histories by sexual hybridization. It includes larval transfer, which explains the origins of all larvae, and component transfer, which explains the origins of cnidarians, lophophorates and thoracicans. I propose that adult thoracicans are descended from a hybrid between a crustacean and a non-arthropod, the genomes of which are expressed together. They are concurrent chimeras. Adult acrothoracicans are equivalent to the crustacean part of thoracicans. Nauplius larvae were added to the life histories of thoracicans and some acrothoracicans by later hybridizations. Adult rhizocephalans and juvenile facetotectans have no arthropod characteristics, and I claim that both these taxa acquired nauplius and cypris larvae by hybrid transfer. Extreme differences between the mitochondrial genomes of a sacculinid rhizocephalan and thoracicans are consistent with this view of rhizocephalan evolution. The Rhizocephala and Facetotecta are not members of the Cirripedia or the Arthropoda.
Two new genera of pennellids (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida): Propeniculus and Pseudopeniculus, each with a new combination, Propeniculus trichiuri (Gnanamuthu, 1951) and Pseudopeniculus asinus (Kabata & Wilkes, 1977)
Authors: Castro Romero Raul
Published: June 2014

A new genus, Propeniculus (Copepoda, Pennellidae), is established here to accommodate a pennellid originally described as Peniculus trichiuri Gnanamuthu, 1951, in the new combination, Propeniculus trichiuri (Gnanamuthu, 1951). Four other species of Peniculus (P. sciaenae Gnanamuthu, 1951; P. scomberi Gnanamuthu, 1951; P. stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1951; and P. theraponi Gnanamuthu, 1951) are considered junior synonyms of Propeniculus trichiuri. The habitus of the new genus is generally similar to that of Peniculus. It differs from that genus in that it has a prominent ventral swelling on its cephalothorax, a minute buccal cone, and in the absence of a proboscis. The labral plate is simple (whereas it is complex in Peniculus), and the posterior surface of the labium bears two groups of spinules (two pairs of scale-like plates are found in Peniculus). Sclerotized skeletal bars are present in the neck of the new genus, and these also occur in Metapeniculus but not in Peniculus. P. trichiuri lives on the fins of its hosts, which are marine fishes in the Indian Ocean (type locality), in Taiwanese as well as in Indonesian waters.

Pseudopeniculus is erected to accommodate Peniculus asinus Kabata & Wilkes, 1977 as a new combination in Pseudopeniculus asinus (Kabata & Wilkes, 1977). In this case, the presence of two pairs of holdfasts on the cephalothorax, the type of labrum (simple), and the probable absence of labial armature, together with the type of intrabuccal stylet, bearing plumose setae, make P. asinus completely different from all other species of Peniculus. P. asinus also lives attached to the fins of its host, parasitizing Sebastes in North America (Oregon and Canada).

A key is included for the identification of the genera.
Description of Indoclausia helioporae sp. nov. (Copepoda, Clausiidae) from blue coral, associated with a number of polychaetes
Authors: Cheng Yu-Rong , Ho Ju-Shey , Dai Chang-Feng
Published: June 2014

This is the first study of Helioporacea Bock, 1938 for symbiotic copepods. A new species of copepod, Indoclausia helioporae sp. nov., was obtained by washing segments of blue coral, Heliopora coerulea (Pallas, 1766), collected from shallow water reefs in southern Taiwan. A full description of the new species is provided. The new species can be easily distinguished from its only congener, Indoclausia bacescui Sebastian & Pillai, 1974, by having (1) a small body of 1.32 × 0.20 mm; (2) a small caudal ramus, 33 × 15 μm; (3) a short antennule with formula: 4, 10, 11, 4, 2 + 1 aesthetasc and 7 + 1 aesthetasc (very short); (4) a 2-segmented maxilliped; (5) the exopod of leg 1 with formula: I-0; III-0; (6) the exopod of leg 2 with formula: I-0; I, III; (7) no seta on the endopod of legs 1 and 2; (8) a uniseriate egg-sac with 6 eggs.
New species of the genus Zeuxo (Peracarida, Tanaidacea)
Authors: Larsen K.
Published: June 2014

Two new species ofZeuxoTempleton, 1840 are described, one from Korea (Z. koreaensis), belonging to theZ. normani(Richardson, 1905) species complex, and one from Turkey (Z. turkensis). Two otherZeuxospecies (Z. exsargassoSieg, 1980 andZ. holdichiBamber, 1990) are redescribed. The speciesZ. paranormaniSieg, 1980 is demoted to a junior synonym ofZ. normani, while the ‘Zeuxo normani’ from Australia is raised to full species rank under the nameZ. edgari.
Environmental driving forces determining the epipelagic decapod larval community distribution in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean)
Authors: Carbonell Ana , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Álvarez-Berastegui Diego , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Álvarez-Berastegui Diego , Vélez-Belchi Pedro , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Álvarez-Berastegui Diego , Vélez-Belchi Pedro , dos Santos Antonina , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Álvarez-Berastegui Diego , Vélez-Belchi Pedro , dos Santos Antonina , Balbín Rosa , Carbonell Ana , Tor Ariadna , Álvarez-Berastegui Diego , Vélez-Belchi Pedro , dos Santos Antonina , Balbín Rosa , Alemany Francisco
Published: June 2014

The decapod larvae community inhabiting the Balearic Sea surface waters was studied from plankton surveys carried out in the spring and summer of 2004 and 2005 between 38°N 0.5°E and 42°N 6°E. A total of 84 taxa were identified, from seven taxonomic orders. The mean larval densities varied from 0.01-240 (±11.69) individuals 100 m−3in 2004 to 0.40-600 (±26.89) individuals 100 m−3in 2005. The analysis of larval spatial patterns in relation to the observed inter-annual environmental variability indicated that they were associated with the different hydrodynamic conditions. In 2004, mesoscale gyres, both anticyclonic and cyclonic, influenced the surface larval distribution by trapping and retaining larvae near the islands, and these larvae constituted an identifiable community different from a second one occupying the oceanic area, characterized by the presence of mesopelagic species larvae. In 2005, most of the area was occupied by resident surface Atlantic waters, which hindered the northern progression of fresher recent Atlantic waters. This environmental homogeneity resulted in a less contrasting scenario, and a unique community including larvae both of neritic and oceanic decapod species was found in most stations. The contrasting hydrographical situations studied in these years allowed to detect shift boundaries in the larval distribution of neritic species, indicating that the hydrographically more homogeneous years may lead to a higher dispersion of neritic decapod larvae.
The Rule of Law and the Quest for Constitutional Substitutes in International Law
Authors: Collins Richard
Published: June 2014

The practice of modern international law seems inherently bound up with the quest for a rule of law in international affairs. This commitment to the rule of law at the international level finds expression not merely in academic literature, but has been regularly endorsed by states themselves, particularly in the context of the United Nations. Nevertheless, the pursuit of an international rule of law is an ambition which is constantly frustrated. The institutional structure of the international legal order seems incompatible with this vision, resulting in a constant sense of frustration about the apparently ‘primitive’ or otherwise constitutionally deficient institutional structure of modern international law. In fact, despite the intensification of ‘governance’ through international institutions in the years since the end of the Second World War, it seems like the proliferation and growing normative authority of international institutions more often than not gives rise to more concerns from a rule of law perspective. In this article I not only seek to understand the nature of this rule of law commitment and the reasons for this constant frustration, but in doing so I will argue that the institutional context implicit in the ideal of the rule of law is incompatible with the nature and functioning of international law. I seek to show, in fact, how the perpetual sense of frustration felt in international law’s failure to live up to this ideal stems from the fact that the rule of law is a notion which is implicitly bound up with the political context of sovereign authority within states. To attempt to impose the rule of law outside of this context will not only result in distortion and mischaracterisation, but runs the risk also of legitimising precisely the kind of arbitrary authority which is the main target of the rule of law itself.
The Copenhagen Process: Principles and Guidelines on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations
Authors: Oswald Bruce ‘Ossie’ , Winkler Thomas
Published: June 2014

The Copenhagen Process Principles and Guidelines on the Handling of Detainees in International Military Operations are intended to contribute both to the humane treatment of detainees and the effectiveness of military operations. This article seeks to stimulate discussion concerning the Principles and Guidelines. It also provides the international community with a better understanding of a very successful process for developing normative standards or soft law. Finally, it explains some of the main issues dealt with during the Process, and some of the key aspects of the provisions contained in the Principles and Guidelines.
Protecting Human Rights as Public Morals under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (gatt) 1994
Authors: Ife Ogbonna J.
Published: June 2014

This article analyses the acceptance of the concept of ‘public morals’ as a legitimate objective grounded in the importance of internationally recognised human rights instruments and worthy of protection by a Panel of the World Trade Organisation (wto) in the case European Communities – Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products. It analyses how the General Exception clause to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (gatt) Article XX(a) was successfully used to defend a regulatory measure and concludes by endorsing a symbiotic relationship between wto Agreements and international human rights instruments.
Justiciability of the Right to Health in South Africa and Switzerland through the Lens of its Normative Components
Authors: Hasselgård-Rowe Jennifer , Mpinga Emmanuel Kabengele
Published: June 2014

Despite the recent interest in health rights litigation, there has not yet been a study specifically addressing and comparing the justiciability of the right to health in two diverse contexts such as South Africa and Switzerland from the point of view of determining whether the essential components of the right to health under international law have been referred to in the formulation of complaints and in judgments handed down by the courts. The respective constitutional provisions incorporating the right to health as well as pertinent health rights cases were identified before analysing the similarities and differences relating to the essential components of the right to health. The findings support more frequent reference to the normative components of the right to health throughout domestic judicial proceedings in order to further the advancement and effective implementation of the right to health, not only in South Africa and Switzerland but more broadly.
Silene peloritana (Caryophyllaceae) a new species from Sicily
Authors: Brullo Cristian , Brullo Salvatore , Del Galdo Gianpietro Giusso , Minissale Pietro , Sciandrello Saverio
Published: June 2014

Silene peloritana is described and illustrated as a narrow endemic circumscribed to Mt. Scuderi, an isolated peak of the Peloritani range (NE Sicily). The new species, belonging to S. sect. Dipterosperma, is a small therophyte growing on cacuminal carbonatic stands. It is well differentiated from the other Sicilian species of this section for its small size, shorter lower internodes, bracts and calyx teeth, petal lobes obovate, coronal scales purplish, and anthers pinkish-violet. A key of the Sicilian taxa belonging to Silene sect. Dipterosperma is provided.
New Mycomya species from South-East Asia (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)
Authors: VÄISÄNEN RAUNO
Published: June 2014

Mycomya Rondani specimens from the islands of South-East Asia, i.e. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, are revised. The paper includes a key to the Mycomya species of the South-East Asian islands. The following six new species are described: M. shimai sp. n. from Java, Indonesia, M. pongo sp. n. from Sabah, Malaysia, and M. apoensis sp. n., M. nakanishii sp. n., M. paraklossi sp. n. and M. yatai sp. n. from Mindanao, the Philippines. The holotypes of M. klossi Edwards from Borneo, Malaysia, and M. minutata Edwards from Sumatra, Indonesia, were examined and their genitalia are described. M. occultans (Winnertz) is recorded from Java, Indonesia.
Two new species of freshwater crabs of the genus Sundathelphusa Bott, 1969 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from caves in Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Husana Daniel Edison M. , Yamamuro Masumi , Ng Peter K. L.
Published: June 2014

Two cave species of Sundathelphusa are described from a karst area in southern Luzon, Philippines. Both species have elongated ambulatory legs but the eyes and carapace pigmentation are well developed, indicating they are not troglobites. Sundathelphusa danae sp. nov. is superficially more similar to S. longipes (Balss, 1937) than to S. holthuisi Ng, 2010, which was described from the same locality. Sundathelphusa danae sp. nov. is distinguished from its closest congeners by its strongly convex anterolateral margin, more swollen branchial regions, possession of a complete frontal median triangle, laterally inflated subbranchial region and the more slender ambulatory legs. Sundathelphusa vienae sp. nov. is unusual among Sundathelphusa species in that its carapace is more quadrate, with the slender and almost straight male first gonopod tapered and having a pointed terminal segment.
Description of two new Jujubinus species (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Sicily Channel, with notes on the Jujubinus curinii species complex
Authors: SMRIGLIO CARLO , DI GIULIO ANDREA , MARIOTTINI PAOLO
Published: June 2014

Based on shell characters, two new species of the gastropod family Trochidae, Jujubinus eleonorae n. sp. and Jujubinus trilloi n. sp., from the Sicily Channel are described. Shells of the new taxa were collected in the lower infralittoral of the Skerki and Talbot Banks, respectively. The new taxa are compared with Jujubinus curinii Bogi & Campani, 2005, morphologically the most closely related species.
Motivation for and Development of a Standardized Introductory Meteorology Assessment Exam
Authors: Davenport Casey E. , Wohlwend Christian S. , Koehler Thomas L.
Published: June 2014

Education research has shown that there is often a disconnect between what instructors teach and what students actually comprehend. Much of this disconnect stems from students’ previous conceptions of the subject that often remain steadfast despite instruction. The field of meteorology is particularly susceptible to misconceptions as a result of the years of personal experience students have with weather before instruction. Consequently, it is often challenging for students to accurately integrate course material with their observations and personal explanations. A longitudinal assessment exam of the meteorology program at the U.S. Air Force Academy revealed that misconceptions of fundamental, introductory content can propagate through years of instruction, potentially impeding deeper understanding of advanced topics and hindering attainment of professional certifications. Thus, it is clear that such misconceptions must be identified and corrected early. This manuscript describes the development of the Fundamentals in Meteorology Inventory (FMI), a multiple-choice assessment exam designed to identify the common misconceptions of fundamental topics covered in introductory meteorology courses. In developing the FMI, care was taken to avoid complex vocabulary and to include plausible distractors identified by meteorology faculty members. Question topics include clouds and precipitation, wind, fronts and air masses, temperature, stability, severe weather, and climate. Applications of the exam for the meteorology community are discussed, including identifying common meteorology misconceptions, assessing student understanding, measuring teaching effectiveness, and diagnosing areas for improvement in introductory meteorology courses. Future work to be completed to ensure the efficacy of the FMI will also be acknowledged.
The Role of Extratropical Cyclones and Fronts for Southern Ocean Freshwater Fluxes
Authors: Papritz Lukas , Pfahl Stephan , Rudeva Irina , Simmonds Ian , Sodemann Harald , Wernli Heini
Published: June 2014

In this study, the important role of extratropical cyclones and fronts for the atmospheric freshwater flux over the Southern Ocean is analyzed. Based on the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), the freshwater flux associated with cyclones is quantified and it is revealed that the structure of the Southern Hemispheric storm track is strongly imprinted on the climatological freshwater flux. In particular, during austral winter the spiraliform shape of the storm track leads to a band of negative freshwater flux bending toward and around Antarctica, complemented by a strong freshwater input into the midlatitude Pacific, associated with the split storm track. The interannual variability of the wintertime high-latitude freshwater flux is shown to be largely determined by the variability of strong precipitation (>75th percentile). Using a novel and comprehensive method to attribute strong precipitation uniquely to cyclones and fronts, it is demonstrated that over the Southern Ocean between 60% and 90% of the strong precipitation events are due to these synoptic systems. Cyclones are the dominant cause of strong precipitation around Antarctica and in the midlatitudes of the Atlantic and the Pacific, while in the south Indian Ocean and the eastern Atlantic fronts bring most of the strong precipitation. A detailed analysis of the spatial variations of intense front and cyclone precipitation associated with the interannual variability of the wintertime frequency of cyclones in the midlatitude and high-latitude branches of the Pacific storm track underpins the importance of considering both fronts and cyclones in the analysis of the interannual variability of freshwater fluxes.
Comprehensive Pattern of Deep Convective Systems over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian Monsoon Region Based on TRMM Data
Authors: Qie Xiushu , Wu Xueke , Yuan Tie , Bian Jianchun , Lu Daren
Published: June 2014

Diurnal and seasonal variation, intensity, and structure of deep convective systems (DCSs; with 20-dBZ echo tops exceeding 14 km) over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian monsoon region from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the ocean are investigated using 14 yr of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Four unique regions characterized by different orography are selected for comparison, including the TP, the southern Himalayan front (SHF), the South Asian subcontinent (SAS), and the ocean. DCSs and intense DCSs (IDCSs; with 40-dBZ echo tops exceeding 10 km) occur more frequently over the continent than over the ocean. About 23% of total DCSs develop into IDCSs in the SHF, followed by the TP (21%) and the SAS (15%), with the least over the ocean (2%). The average 20-dBZ echo-top height of IDCSs exceeds 16 km and 9% of them even exceed 18 km. DCSs and IDCSs are the most frequent over the SHF, especially in the westernmost SHF, where the intensity—in terms of strong radar echo-top (viz., 40 dBZ) height, ice-particle content, and lightning flash rate—is the strongest. DCSs over the TP are relatively weak in convective intensity and small in size but occur frequently. Oceanic DCSs possess the tallest cloud top (which mainly reflects small ice particles) and the largest size, but their convective intensity is markedly weaker. DCSs and IDCSs show a similar diurnal variation, mainly occurring in the afternoon with a peak at 1600 local time over land. Although most of both DCSs and IDCSs occur between April and October, DCSs have a peak in August, whereas IDCSs have a peak in May.
A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China
Authors: Zhang Xue-Jun , Tang Qiuhong , Pan Ming , Tang Yin
Published: June 2014

A long-term consistent and comprehensive dataset of land surface hydrologic fluxes and states will greatly benefit the analysis of land surface variables, their changes and interactions, and the assessment of land–atmosphere parameterizations for climate models. While some offline model studies can provide balanced water and energy budgets at land surface, few of them have presented an evaluation of the long-term interaction of water balance components over China. Here, a consistent and comprehensive land surface hydrologic fluxes and states dataset for China using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model driven by long-term gridded observation-based meteorological forcings is developed. The hydrologic dataset covers China with a 0.25° spatial resolution and a 3-hourly time step for 1952–2012. In the dataset, the simulated streamflow matches well with the observed monthly streamflow at the large river basins in China. Given the water balance scheme in the VIC model, the overall success at runoff simulations suggests that the long-term mean evapotranspiration is also realistically estimated. The simulated soil moisture generally reproduces the seasonal variation of the observed soil moisture at the ground stations where long-term observations are available. The modeled snow cover patterns and monthly dynamics bear an overall resemblance to the Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Compared with global product of a similar nature, the dataset can provide a more reliable estimate of land surface variables over China. The dataset, which will be publicly available via the Internet, may be useful for hydroclimatological studies in China.
Improving the Model Convective Storm Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting by Assimilating State Variables Retrieved from Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Liou Yu-Chieng , Chiou Jian-Luen , Chen Wei-Hao , Yu Hsin-Yu
Published: June 2014

This research combines an advanced multiple-Doppler radar synthesis technique with the thermodynamic retrieval method, originally proposed by Gal-Chen, and a moisture/temperature adjustment scheme, and formulates a sequential procedure. The focus is on applying this procedure to improve the model quantitative precipitation nowcasting (QPN) skill in the convective scale up to 3 hours. A series of (observing system simulation experiment) OSSE-type tests and a real case study are conducted to investigate the performance of this algorithm under different conditions.

It is shown that by using the retrieved three-dimensional wind, thermodynamic, and microphysical parameters to reinitialize a fine-resolution numerical model, its QPN skill can be significantly improved. Since the Gal-Chen method requires the horizontal average properties of the weather system at each altitude, utilization of in situ radiosonde(s) to obtain this additional information for the retrieval is tested. When sounding data are not available, it is demonstrated that using the model results to replace the role played by observing devices is also a feasible choice. The moisture field is obtained through a simple, but effective, adjusting scheme and is found to be beneficial to the rainfall forecast within the first hour after the reinitialization of the model.

Since this algorithm retrieves the unobserved state variables instantaneously from the wind measurements and directly uses them to reinitialize the model, fewer radar data and a shorter model spinup time are needed to correct the rainfall forecasts, in comparison with other data assimilation techniques such as four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) or ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) methods.
A novel deletion in the iron-response element of the L-ferritin gene, causing hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome
Authors: Garber Ian , Pudek Morris
Published: June 2014

A 47-year-old woman, presenting to her family physician with fatigue, was incidentally found to have persistently elevated ferritin. There was clinically no suggestion of iron overload, and laboratory testing showed transferrin saturation at the low end of the reference range. After ruling out acquired causes of hyperferritinaemia, as well as laboratory interference, further questioning revealed a history of bilateral early-onset cataracts, allowing a diagnosis of hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome to be made. DNA sequencing of the 5′ untranslated region of the L-ferritin gene revealed a novel 4-base deletion in the iron response element, within a region known to be crucial for binding iron regulatory protein.
“It Goes Hand in Hand with the Parties”
Authors: Allison Rachel , Risman Barbara J.
Published: June 2014

Hooking up, or sexual activity outside relationships, is a dominant feature of social life on many college campuses. However, research has yet to explore how social location intersects with campus-level factors to shape students’ negotiations of this script. Interview data from 87 undergraduates at an urban commuter university demonstrate the distinction between “adopting” and “enacting” sexual scripts. Although the majority of students locate hooking up as a salient cultural scenario for their lives, the adoption of hooking up does not neatly translate into its enactment for all students. Where students live emerges as a fault line systematically structuring opportunities for hooking up. There are racial and class divisions even among students with similar residential locations, reflecting the importance of socioeconomic resources and peer group homophily to sexuality. This study points to how race, class, and residence integrally shape the interpersonal sexual scripts of college students.
Young Adult Casual Sexual Behavior
Authors: Lyons Heidi A. , Manning Wendy D. , Longmore Monica A. , Giordano Peggy C.
Published: June 2014

Most young adults have had some casual sex experience. However, it is important to understand the motivations for such behavior. We investigate the motivations for and consequences of casual sex using a life-course lens. We use the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study to examine a diverse sample of young adults with recent casual sexual experiences ( N = 239). We draw on a subset of in-depth relationship narratives ( N = 44) to provide a more nuanced understanding of the motivations for and consequences of casual sex. We find that sexual pleasure and substance use remain the most common reasons for participating in casual sex. However, young adults report motives that are associated with the young adult stage in the life course including too busy for commitment, geographic mobility, and feeling too young to be tied down. These findings can inform service providers who work with the young adult population.
Means to an End
Authors: Gleeson Shannon
Published: June 2014

This article applies the tenets of bureaucratic incorporation theory to an investigation of bureaucratic decision making in labor standards enforcement agencies (LSEAs), as they relate to undocumented workers. Drawing on 25 semistructured interviews with high-level officials in San Jose and Houston, I find that bureaucrats in both cities routinely evade the issue of immigration status during the claims-making process, and directly challenge employers’ attempts to use the undocumented status of their workers to deflect liability. Respondents offer three institutionalized narratives for this approach: (1) to deter employer demand for undocumented labor, (2) the conviction that the protection of undocumented workers is essential to the agency’s ability to regulate industry standards for all workers, and (3) to clearly demarcate the agency’s jurisdictional boundaries to preserve institutional autonomy and scarce resources. Within this context, enforcing the rights of undocumented workers becomes simply an institutional means to an end.
Why governments intervene: Exploring mixed motives for public policies on corporate social responsibility
Authors: Knudsen Jette S , Brown Dana
Published: June 2014

Why are national governments increasingly adopting policies on corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Government CSR policies have been explained either as a means of substituting or supporting (mirroring) domestic political-economic institutions and policies, or as a means for government to promote international competitiveness of domestic businesses. Both sets of explanations see governments as driving CSR policies to meet particular national government goals. Support is found for the thesis that CSR policies are often related to international competitiveness, yet our findings suggest that government goals in this regard are not necessarily pre-defined.
A comparison of the discursive practices of perception of patient participation in haemodialysis units
Authors: Aasen Elin Margrethe
Published: June 2014

Background:

According to Norwegian law, nurses are obligated to provide an acceptable level of health assistance to patients and their family members and to allow patients and their family members to participate in the planning of patient care and treatment.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of older patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment and of their next of kin and of nurses regarding patient participation in the context of haemodialysis treatment.

Research design:

The study adopts an approach that is both comparative and explorative in nature by examining the narratives of patients, nurses and next of kin and by performing critical discourse analysis as outlined by Fairclough.

Ethical considerations:

Permission to carry out the research was granted by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics of Mid-Norway and by the participating hospitals. Informed consent and confidentiality were ensured.

Findings:

Two discourses were found: (a) the discourse of paternalism with the discursive practices of achieving physiological balance in patients, trusting the healthcare team and being excluded or included in the difficult end-of-life decision-making process, and (b) the discourse of patient participation, with the themes of maintaining patients’ quality of life and trusting patients.

Conclusion:

The participation of older patients and their next of kin was not as well integrated as social practice in dialysis units. The dominant discourse seemed to have an ideology and social practice of paternalism. However, there existed hegemonic struggles for an ideology of patient participation that involved (a) achieving physiological balance in patients versus maintaining patients’ quality of life, (b) trusting the healthcare team versus trusting the patient, and (c) being excluded versus included in the difficult end-of-life decision-making process.
Vision for improvement: Expressive writing as an intervention for people with Stargardt’s disease, a rare eye disease
Authors: Bryan Jennifer L , Lu Qian
Published: June 2014

This study implemented and evaluated the effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention among patients with Stargardt’s disease, a rare disease due to macular degeneration. Participants were randomly assigned to either an expressive writing intervention or a neutral writing condition. Participants completed measures at three time points: baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post-intervention. Psychological health outcomes improved at the 3-week follow-up for the intervention condition compared to control. Self-reported physical health improved at the 6-week follow-up in the intervention condition compared to control. These results suggest that expressive writing may be an effective, practical, and low-cost intervention for those with Stargardt’s disease.
The personal social networks of personality disordered forensic psychiatric patients
Authors: Ter Haar-Pomp Lydia , Spreen Marinus , Bogaerts Stefan , Volker Beate
Published: June 2014

There has hardly been any examination of the personal social networks of personality disordered forensic psychiatric patients leading up to, and at the time of their offence. To shed light on this question, 36 male inpatients were interviewed by forensic social workers about their social contacts in the period in which they committed their crime. Network size, roles, social support, investment, structure and potential risks were investigated.

Findings

At the time of their offence, patients were in contact with a variety of social network members, especially family members, who also happened to be the most likely victims of the patients’ offences. Patients received social support; almost half of the social supporters had potential risk factors (criminal record, psychiatric problems, drug use, etc.).

Applications

This study shows the complexity of the social factors involved with criminal behavior. Theoretically, good network conditions do not necessarily imply a low risk for each individual case. Forensic social workers should frequently check if there are significant changes in the patient's network, such as access to victims, instability of relationships, a lack of personal support and the influence of high-risk network members.
Conceptual design and assessment of a profiled Fresnel lens daylight collector
Authors: Nair MG , Ganesan AR , Ramamurthy K
Published: June 2014

This paper describes design of daylight collectors using multiple Fresnel lenses, each facing the sun for a particular period of time in a day. The influence of solar movement on flat Fresnel lens was studied. The influence of groove density of the lens was also determined by which the suitable Fresnel lens was selected. Passive and profiled north-facing and south-facing collectors with multi-lens system have been designed based on the solar altitude and azimuth angle of a geographical location. Performance of the north- and south-facing collector at different times of a day with an acrylic dome indicated better efficiency and uniformity of lighting throughout the day time for the proposed profiled Fresnel collectors.
Colour fidelity for picture gallery illumination, Part 1: Determining the optimum light-emitting diode spectrum
Authors: Schanda J , Csuti P , Szabó F
Published: June 2014

Colour rendering for picture gallery lighting means colour fidelity, showing the colours of the pictures as seen by the painter in the light he used in creating the pictures. As up to the beginning of the 20th century illuminance high enough for good colour vision was possible only in daylight, daylight would be the optimum illuminant. For art preservation and energy saving reasons this is not feasible. Museums often use light of 3500 K correlated colour temperature (CCT). A method is described that takes chromatic adaptation into consideration to determine the spectral power distribution producing least colour distortion of object colours while changing from a higher adaptation luminance at 6500 K to 3500 K illumination at a lower adaptation luminance. The method can be used for any CCT and adaptation luminance values.
Sports at Work
Authors: Kniffin Kevin M. , Wansink Brian , Shimizu Mitsuru
Published: June 2014

Do former high school athletes make better employees than nonathletes? Two studies examine how participation in competitive youth sports appears to be relevant for early-career job prospects as well as late-in-life outcomes. In the short run, Study 1 shows that people expect former student-athletes to display significantly more leadership, self-confidence, and self-respect than those who were active outside of sports—such as being in the band or on the yearbook staff. In the long run, Study 2 uses biodata to discover that men who participated in varsity-level high school sports an average of 60 years earlier appeared to demonstrate higher levels of leadership and enjoyed higher-status careers. Surprisingly, these ex-athletes also exhibited more prosocial behavior than nonathletes—they more frequently volunteered time and donated to charity. These findings open a wide range of possibilities regarding how one’s participation in competitive youth sports might influence the development of important skills and values beyond simply signaling the specific traits examined here. Moreover, this contributes to theoretical debates about the traits of students involved in competitive athletics, and it highlights the need for closer attention to the relevance of sports in the workplace and beyond—including late-in-life charitable giving and voluntarism.
Multimodal alignment during collaborative remembering
Authors: Cienki Alan , Bietti Lucas M , Kok Kasper
Published: June 2014

This article investigates the roles that interactive alignment of manual gesture, postural sway, and eye-gaze play in small groups engaged in collaborative remembering. Qualitative analyses of a video corpus demonstrate that the coordination of these behaviors may contribute to joint remembering in various ways, depending upon the cognitive and communicative affordances of these behaviors. The observation that these behaviors are different in their nature and their contributory potential to shared remembering is corroborated by the results of a quantitative analysis, which suggests that co-speech gesture, postural sway, and eye-gaze have different interactional dynamics. This supports the conclusion that in order to understand the role of multimodal alignment in the discourse of shared remembering, co-verbal behavior should not be treated as a homogeneous category. Finally, we discuss the potential of combined qualitative–quantitative approaches to inform the interplay of verbal and bodily coordination during interactive memory construction.
Emotion Management: Sociological Insight into What, How, Why, and to What End?
Authors: Lively Kathryn J. , Weed Emi A.
Published: June 2014

In recounting some of the key sociological insights offered by over 30 years of research on emotion management, or emotion regulation, we orient our discussion around sociological answers to the following questions: What is emotion management? How does emotion management occur? Why does it occur? And what are its consequences or benefits? In this review, we argue that emotion and its management are profoundly social. Through daily interactions with others, individuals learn to differentiate which emotions are appropriate when, as well as the most effective ways to bring their feelings in line with culturally agreed-upon emotion norms. Emotion management is also functional, not only for the individuals who perform it, but also for the dyads, groups, institutions, and societies in which they are embedded. The social processes through which individuals learn to display culturally appropriate emotions have important implications on many levels, from interpersonal interactions to the development of social movements.
Comment: Strohminger–McGinn: Deconstructing the Moral Amplification Effect
Authors: Royzman Edward
Published: June 2014

I use a number of McGinn’s (2011) ideas to identify likely confounds in the induction of incidental disgust as the basis of the moral amplification effect.
Comment: Menstrual Cycle Fluctuations in Women’s Mate Preferences
Authors: Hyde Janet S. , Salk Rachel H.
Published: June 2014

We applaud Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie’s (2014) careful, nuanced meta-analysis. The evolutionary hypotheses designed to explain menstrual cycle fluctuations in mate preferences are convoluted and, based on this new meta-analysis, unnecessary because the existence of the fluctuations is not supported by the data. Evolutionary explanations are still possible if they predict women’s mate preferences rather than cyclic fluctuations in those preferences. The biosocial model provides a plausible alternative account. We emphasize the importance of improved methods in future research, focusing especially on ascertainment of cycle phase.
Comment: Beyond “Evolutionary versus Social”: Moving the Cycle Shift Debate Forward
Authors: Brown Gillian R. , Cross Catharine P. , Street Sally E. , Brand Charlotte O.
Published: June 2014

Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie (2014) thoroughly evaluate the evidence for menstrual cycle shifts in ratings of several male characteristics and conclude that their analyses fail to provide supportive evidence for consistent cycle effects. The topic of menstrual cycle shifts in mate preferences has been strongly debated, with disagreements over both scientific content and practice. Here, we attempt to take a step back from these acrimonious exchanges and focus instead on how to interpret menstrual cycle shifts in mate preference tasks, independently from the question of when, or if, task performance varies with cycle stage. A greater consideration of domain-general mechanisms could provide an opportunity for investigating how evolved predispositions interact with socially transmitted information in biasing women’s responses on mate preference tasks.
Current Emotion Research in Health Behavior Science
Authors: Williams David M. , Evans Daniel R.
Published: June 2014

In the past two to three decades health behavior scientists have increasingly emphasized affect-related concepts (including, but not limited to emotion) in their attempts to understand and facilitate change in important health behaviors, such as smoking, eating, physical activity, substance abuse, and sex. This article provides a narrative review of this burgeoning literature, including relevant theory and research on affective response (e.g., hedonic response to eating and drug use), incidental affect (e.g., work-related stress as a determinant of alcohol use), affect processing (e.g., anticipated regret for illicit sex or skipping an exercise session), and affectively charged motivation (e.g., cigarette craving). An integrative dual-processing framework is presented that suggests pathways through which affect-related concepts may interrelate to influence health behavior.
Influence of glenosphere design and material on clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Bloch Hans R , Budassi Piero , Bischof Andreas , Agneskirchner Jens , Domenghini Christian , Frattini Marco , Borroni Mario , Zoni Sabine , Castagna Alessandro
Published: June 2014

Background

The aim of this multicentre retrospective study was to compare reverse total shoulder arthroplasty clinical outcomes with glenospheres of different diameters, designs and materials.

Methods

Between 2003 and 2008, 133 patients were divided into three groups: 60 (45%) with 36-mm standard CoCrMo (group A), 21 (16%) with 36-mm eccentric cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) (group B) and 52 (39%) with 44-mm cross-linked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (X-UHMWPE) (group C) glenospheres. Mean (SD) follow-up was 38.7 (17.4) months. Clinical evaluation included Constant score and range of motion. Radiographic analysis included radiolucent lines, instability, loosening and assessment of scapular notching.

Results

Mean Constant score significantly increased for all groups (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Group C allowed a higher and stable increase in range of motion. After 12 months and 24 months, groups C and B showed less pain than group A (Mann–Whitney U-test, p < 0.05). Group C had significantly lower scapular notching than group B (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.001) and A (Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.009) at 12 months, 24 months and 36 months. Groups A and C presented 5 (8.3%) and 4 (7.6%) early complications, respectively.

Conclusions

The present study reported good results for all groups, although groups C and A presented better clinical outcomes, significantly lower notching and instability. A 44-mm X-UHMWPE glenosphere allowed a faster and more stable functional recovery, despite poorest pre-operative conditions. Additional long-term studies are needed to evaluate survivorship.