bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occult Fractures in Children with a Radiographic Fat Pad Sign of the Elbow
Authors: Kappelhof B. , Roorda B.L. , Poppelaars M.A. , The B. , Eygendaal D. , Mulder P.G.H. , van Bergen C.J.A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

A radiographic fat pad sign after an elbow injury in children may indicate an occult fracture. Different incidences and locations of occult fractures have been reported. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the overall rate of occult fractures in children with a positive fat pad sign from the data of original studies. Secondary objectives were to assess the fracture types and to identify risk factors for sustaining an occult fracture.

Methods:

A systematic literature search of the Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies on pediatric populations with a positive fat pad sign identified using a lateral elbow radiograph and with follow-up imaging were included in this meta-analysis. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias with use of the MINORS (Methodological Index for NOn-Randomized Studies) instrument.

Results:

Ten studies with a total of 250 patients, of whom 104 had an occult fracture, were included. Accounting for heterogeneity between the studies, the overall occult fracture rate was 44.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.4% to 59.7%). The most common fracture locations were the supracondylar humerus (43%), proximal ulna (19%), proximal radius (17%), and lateral humeral condyle (14%). Definitions of a positive pad fad sign were not uniform among studies, and the follow-up imaging modality also varied (radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography). The average MINORS score was 10.1 for the 7 noncomparative studies and 18.7 for the 3 comparative studies, with both averages classified as moderate quality. We were not able to identify risk factors for an occult fracture in the presence of a positive fat pad sign.

Conclusions:

The occult fracture rate was 44.6% in pediatric elbow injuries with a positive fat pad sign. Supracondylar humeral fractures were the most frequently encountered type. The findings of this meta-analysis underline the potential clinical relevance of a positive fat pad sign in children and denote the opportunity for future studies to create evidence-based guidelines.

Level of Evidence:

Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Tiantian , Zhang Qian , Li Li , Xu Chunhua
Published: November 2022

Background
Currently, some studies reported neoadjuvant therapy for stage IB-III lung cancer could achieve pathological downstaging and surgical resection. Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes, multidisciplinary teams-led management, and a poor prognosis. However, the clinical benefits of stage III NSCLC in the neoadjuvant setting are still unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of published data on neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in stage III NSCLC to systematically evaluate its efficacy and safety.
Methods
We searched the databases to identify eligible studies of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for stage III NSCLC. The primary outcomes mainly included pathological and radiological response outcomes, the feasibility of surgery, and the safety of the regimen. The pathological and radiological response included the rate of major pathologic response (MPR), complete pathologic response (pCR), radiological response outcomes, and R0 resection; The feasibility included the rate of surgical resection, conversion to thoracotomy, surgical complications, pathological downstaging of clinical disease stage. The safety included the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and severe adverse events (SAEs). R 4.1.3 software was conducted for data analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses were performed.
Results
Nine trials containing a total of 382 populations were eligible for the meta-analysis, with the pooled surgical resection rate of 90%. Owing to the large heterogeneity of the single-rate meta-analysis, the random effect model was adopted. The estimated pooled prevalence of MPR was 56% (95%CI, 0.39–0.72) and of pCR was 39% (95%CI, 0.28–0.51). The pooled rate of TRAEs was 65% (95%CI, 0.17–0.99) and SAEs was 24% (95%CI, 0.05–0.49). Compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy achieved more pathological and radiological relief, and has a high surgical resection rate and low risk of conversion to thoracotomy and surgical complications, with poor tolerance of toxicity but rarely developing life-threatening adverse events.
Conclusion
In conclusion, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is suggested to be beneficial for stage III NSCLC, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy.
The multiway support of phytoremediation efficiency of soil historically co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals using Zea mays
Authors: Gobetti Sara , Kumor Agata , Płociniczak Tomasz , Prach Marta , Sinkkonen Aki , Pacwa-Płociniczak Magdalena
Published: November 2022

The phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals was studied using Zea mays that was supported with the addition of plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas qingdaonensis ZCR6 and meat and bone meal. The introduced ZCR6 strain was able to survive in the soil and colonize the tissues of maize; however, it did not support plant growth and biomass production or have an impact on hydrocarbon removal. The amendment of the soil with meat and bone meal had a negative impact on the growth of maize however it enhanced soil microbial activity and thus the degradation of hydrocarbons. The efficacy of hydrocarbon removal estimated in fertilized soils reached a value of 32% regardless of the treatment. Z. mays was able to accumulate Zn, Cd and Cu in the presence of hydrocarbons, with the highest phytoextraction ability of Zn. The activity of the mechanisms enhancing the phytoremediation was tested through the quantification of the expression of the selected genes. Among them only acdS, encoding ACC deaminase, and CYP153, encoding cytochrome P450-type alkane hydroxylase, were expressed. As far as we are aware, these are the first results tackling the global problem of co-contaminated soils using a slow-release meat and bone meal fertilizer and a plant-growth-promoting microbe.
Deep neural network based on F-neurons and its learning
Authors: Bodyanskiy Yevgeniy , Kostiuk Serhii
Published: November 2022

Artificial neural networks are widely used in data processing and Data Mining. In contrast to traditional artificial neural networks, deep neural networks employ many artificial neuron blocks and more than three layers. An increase in the number of neuron blocks and layers improves the approximation capabilities but leads to the effects of exploding and vanishing gradients. Deep neural networks often employ piece-wise activation functions like ReLU to overcome the effects of exploding and vanishing gradients. We propose F-neuron as an adaptive alternative to piece-wise activation functions. Like ReLU, F-neuron does not suffer from the effects of exploding and vanishing gradient. F-neuron changes its form during the training, can approximate any currently used function, and synthesize new task-specific functions. We show that F-neuron can synthesize new task-specific functions and achieve higher approximation quality in existing neural network architectures. We evaluate the performance of the F-neuron on two image classification datasets (Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR-10) in two different architectures (LeNet-5 and KerasNet).
Quality Indicators for Appropriate Antibiotic Prescribing in Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Vazouras Konstantinos , Jackson Charlotte , Folgori Laura , Anastasiou-Katsiardani Anastasia , Hsia Yingfen , Basmaci Romain
Published: November 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to define a set of urinary tract infections (UTIs)-specific quality indicators for appropriate prescribing in children and evaluate clinical practices in a district general hospital in Greece.
Methods
The UTIs-specific quality indicators were informed by a review of the existing literature. Quality indicators were selected to describe the overall antibiotics use, prescribing patterns and UTIs clinical management regarding treatment and prophylaxis in a cohort of children admitted with a UTI. Microbiological, clinical and prescribing data about dosing, duration and route of administration were collected from the patients’ electronic health records.
Results
Twelve quality indicators were adapted or developed for prescribing in childhood UTIs. A broad variety of antibiotics were prescribed for UTIs, with a drug utilization (DU) 90% rate of 6 and 9 different antibiotics for febrile and afebrile UTIs, respectively. Despite the low incidence of multi-drug resistant UTIs in the study period (9/261, 3.4%), broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed in 33.5% (164/490) of prescriptions. A total of 62.8% (164/261) of patients were started on empiric combined therapies, while opportunities to de-escalate were missed in 37.8% (62/164) of them. One quarter (67/261, 25.7%) of patients did not fulfil the criteria for receiving treatment, while nearly half of those prescribed prophylaxis (82/175, 46.9%) could have avoided having a prophylaxis prescription.
Conclusions
Our study identified substantial gaps for improvement in antimicrobial prescribing for UTIs in children. The application of the proposed quality indicators could help to limit unnecessary antibiotics use in children with UTI.
Novel Privacy Considerations for Large Scale Proteomics
Authors: Hill Andrew C. , Litkowski Elizabeth M. , Manichaikul Ani , Yu Bing , Gorbet Betty A. , Lange Leslie , Pratte Katherine A. , Kechris Katerina J. , DeCamp Matthew , Coors Marilyn , Ortega Victor E. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Gerzsten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. , Curtis Jeffrey , Hu Xiaowei , Ngo Debby , O'Neal Wanda K. , Meyers Deborah , Bleecker Eugene , Hobbs Brian D. , Cho Michael H. , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush , Guo Claire , Bowler Russell
Published: November 2022

Privacy protection is a core principle of genomic but not proteomic research. We identified independent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quantitative trait loci (pQTL) from COPDGene and Jackson Heart Study (JHS), calculated continuous protein level genotype probabilities, and then applied a naïve Bayesian approach to match proteomes to genomes for 2,812 independent subjects from COPDGene, JHS, SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We were able to correctly match 90%-95% of proteomes to their correct genome and for 95%-99% we could match the proteome to the 1% most likely genome. The accuracy of matching in subjects with African ancestry was lower (~ 60%) unless training included diverse subjects. With larger profiling (SomaScan 5K) in the Atherosclerosis Risk Communities (ARIC) correct identification was > 99% even in mixed ancestry populations. When serial proteomes are available, the matching algorithm can be used to identify and correct mislabeled samples. This work also demonstrates the importance of including diverse populations in omics research and that large proteomic datasets (> 1,000 proteins) can be accurately linked to a specific genome through pQTL knowledge and should not be considered unidentifiable.
Modeling and Investigation of Minimum Chip Thickness for Silicon Carbide during Quasi-intermittent Vibration Assisted Swing Cutting
Authors: Guo Mingqi , Mingming Lu , Lin Jieqiong , Qiang Gao , Du Yongsheng
Published: November 2022

In micromachining, the Quasi-intermittent Vibration-assisted Swing Cutting technology alleviates the residual height problem of vibration-assisted machining, and inherits the intermittent machining characteristics of Elliptical Vibration-assisted Cutting (EVC). The minimum chip thickness has a significant impact on cutting forces, tool wear, and process stability when working with difficult-to-machine materials. This study thoroughly examines the impact of cutting parameters and tool parameters on the quality of the workpiece during machining in order to better understand the time-varying characteristics of the QVASC machining process and the size effect on micro cutting of SiC crystal. This paper created the minimum chip thickness prediction model suited for QVASC machining process. The effects of variables like cutting speed and tool inclination on the minimum chip thickness were discussed as well as the scribing tests that were conducted on such challenging materials as SiC. The research findings show that: during the machining process, the critical undeformed chip thickness of silicon carbide decreases continuously as the cutting velocity sequentially increases (1.51 mm/min, 1.88 mm/min, 2.26 mm/min); under the down inclination angle (0–10°), the critical undeformed chip thickness also continuously decreases. Some conclusion can be drawn that cutting at too fast a velocity and reduces the thickness of the instantaneous undeformed chip, which is not conducive to ductile removal.
Comparing log file to measurement-based patient-specific quality assurance
Authors: Chan Li Ting , Tan Yun Inn , Tan Poh Wee , Leong Yuh Fun , Khor Jong Shin , Teh Mun Woan , Cruz Joan Faith Loria , Baggarley Sháun Peter , Ooi Kiat Huat , Leong Yiat Horng
Published: November 2022

Recent technological advances have allowed the possibility of performing patient-specific quality assurance (QA) without time-intensive measurements. The objectives of this study are to: 1) compare how well the log file-based Mobius QA system agrees with measurement-based QA methods (ArcCHECK and portal dosimetry, PD) in passing and failing plans, and; 2) evaluate their error sensitivities. To these ends, ten phantom plans and 100 patient plans were measured with ArcCHECK and PD on VitalBeam, while log files were sent to Mobius for dose recalculation. Gamma evaluation was performed using criteria 3%/2 mm, per TG218 recommendations, and non-inferiority of the Mobius recalculation was determined with statistical testing. Ten random plans were edited to include systematic errors, then subjected to QA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to compare error sensitivities across the QA systems, and clinical significance of the errors was determined by recalculating dose to patients. We found no significant difference between Mobius, ArcCHECK, and PD in passing plans at the TG218 action limit. Mobius showed good sensitivity to collimator and gantry errors but not MLC bank shift errors, but could flag discrepancies in treatment delivery. Systematic errors were clinically significant only at large magnitudes; such unacceptable plans did not pass QA checks at the TG218 tolerance limit. Our results show that Mobius is not inferior to existing measurement-based QA systems, and can supplement existing QA practice by detecting real-time delivery discrepancies. However, it is still important to maintain rigorous routine machine QA to ensure reliability of machine log files.
AFLPs and existence of hybrids that confuse species boundaries between the lesser known African taxa in Solanum Merolloids section (Solanaceae)
Authors: Manoko Mkabwa Lawrence Katambo
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to assess whether or not existed interspecific hybrids that confused the taxonomy of African section Solanum species. Hybridization is one of the factors that blur boundary between closely related species. It is an indication that there is semi-permeable boundary between them through which genes are flowing across. In the African species of section Solanum it has been hypothesized that interspecific hybridization is one of the factors complicates the delimitation of species though this claim has never been examined systematically. One group of taxa with complicated taxonomy is the lesser known Bitter species; Solanum tarderemotum and S. florulentum all described from Tanzania. Through history the two taxa have been considered separate species, different species mixed with hybrids and recently the boundary of S. tarderemotum has been expanded to also cover S. florulentum and materials that have been hypothesized to be hybrids. DNA was isolated from sixty-three individuals from 22 accessions and two AFLP primer combinations; EcoRI + AAC/MseI + CAC and EcoRI + ACC/MseI + CAT. Clustering were constructed using PAST software. Five clusters were generated, S. tarderemotum sensu stricto and S. florulentum sensu stricto, fell in different clusters sharing only 41% of their total number of polymorphic bands. The other three clusters were of intermediary forms but sharing larger number of polymorphic bands with S. tarderemotum and S. florulentum than 41%. This observation indicates that the intermediary forms are real hybrids and S. tarderemotum and S. florulentum are good separate species thus should not be fused between them and with their hybrids.
Latent Profile Analysis of Work–Family Balance Among Chinese Clinical Nurses
Authors: Gao XiaoLei , Zhao Tong , Huang Guang-Biao , Wang LiNa , YH Qiu
Published: November 2022

Background
Nursing is a high-pressure job in China, where the employment ratio is lower than the global level. In China, most nurses are female and need to reconcile professional demands with family responsibilities. Therefore, providing the support necessary to maintain a work–family balance is essential for reducing pressure and promoting better engagement in nursing work.
Methods
This study conducts a latent profile analysis to identify diversity in work–family balance in the nursing profession in China. Latent profile analysis can identify clusters of individuals with different qualities; in this case, the study is person-centered rather than variable-centered.
Results
This study classifies the types of work–family balance in nurses and identifies the influencing factors between different profiles. More specifically, by analyzing gains and strains in 451 clinical nurses (93.32% female and 6.65% male) in China, this study identifies three levels of the work–family balance: unbalanced, barely-balanced, and balanced. The three-profile model is the optimal profile model for work–family balance classification and further analysis. Results indicate that age, department, length of service, and dual-earner couples are important factors affecting the family balance patterns.
Conclusions
Based on these profiles, it is recommended that hospital managers take action to improve nurses’ work–family balance, thereby improving their job well-being and enhancing their work motivation.
Radon and Thoron Exhalation Rate in the soil of Western Haryana, India
Authors: Rani Shakuntala , Kundu Rajender Singh , Garg Vinod Kumar , Singh Balvinder , Panghal Amanjeet , Dilbaghi Neeraj
Published: November 2022

This study, reports the exhalation rates of radon and thoron from surface soil collected from 60 rural sites of district Hisar, Haryana, India. The exhalation rates of Rn222 (Radon)& Rn220(Thoron) were measured by portable SMART RnDuo (AQTEK SYSTEMS) using a mass accumulation chamber which is equipped with a scintillation material coated cell. Dose rate due to Natural gamma radiations ranged 0.526 to 1.139 mSv y− 1. The Rn222mass exhalation rate in soil samples varied from 0.14 to 94.65 mBq kg− 1 h− 1. Thoron surface exhalation rates ranged 46.42 to 619.88 mBq m− 2 h− 1. This study give an idea about the differences in Rn222 & Rn220 exhalation at different locations which may be due to variations in geological structure of the locations and characteristics of the top soil.The findings show that using soil of the study area as building material is safe.
Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults residing in senior care facilities of Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Jawad , Zakar Rubeena , Ali Mohammad Vaqas , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Sajjad Amal , Fischer Florian
Published: November 2022

Background
This study investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods
Data were collected from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The scales used in the study were assessed for their construct validity, convergence validity, and internal consistency. Three separate multiple regression analyses were carried out to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being of residents from socio-demographic variables, relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services.
Results
The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b=-0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b=- 0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b=- 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being.
Conclusion
Pragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.
An intersectional analysis of diverse professional perspectives on collaborating with caregivers: Empirical Research - Qualitative
Authors: Hengelaar Aldiene Henrieke , Hartingsveldt Marg van , Abma Tineke , Verdonk Petra
Published: November 2022

Aim
The provision of informal care occurs within larger care networks that involves collaboration with different professionals. This study aims to explore professionals’ perspectives on and experiences in collaboration with caregivers with a migration background in care networks around care recipients with acquired brain injury.
Methodology
An intersectionality informed qualitative design was used, between 2019 and 2021, with informal conversations (N = 12) and semi-structured interviews (N = 17), to gain insight in how professionals’ perspectives are framed and shaped by aspects of diversity, as well as situational and contextual factors. Two critical friends were involved in either the thematic or the secondary intersectionality informed analysis which was substantiated by a participatory analysis in a community of practice.
Results
We identified four interrelated themes: (a) “The difficult Other” in which professionals reflected on caregivers and care-recipients with a migration background causing ‘difficulties’; (b) “The dependent Other” refers to professionals’ realization that ‘difficulties’ are intensified by the context in which care takes place; (c) in “The uncomfortable self” professionals describe how feelings of insecurities evoked by the Other are associated with an inability to act ‘professionally’, and; (d) “The reflexive self” shows how some professionals reflect on their own identities and identify their blind spots in collaboration within a care network.
Conclusion
These interrelated themes offer an explanation of evidenced health inequalities in diverse networks and a pathway to unsettle the Self-Other binary. We conclude there is a need for educational curricula and professionals to invest in the integration of such reflexive practices to ensure health equalities for all.
Impact
The integration of reflexive practices in healthcare curricula is needed as diversity responsive care requires a critical investigation of oneself as professional.
Public Contribution
Caregivers, patients with acquired brain injury and different healthcare professionals were involved in the study design and interpretation of the data.
Investigation on variation characteristics of bent tube axis and determination of bending die motion trajectory in free bending process
Authors: Cheng Zonghui , Li Shaoxin , Cheng Cheng , Guo Xunzhong , Shi Yuanji , Shu Song
Published: November 2022

In free bending process, the axis shape of bent tube is determined by the motion path of bending die. The bent tubes with different bending radii and bending directions can be integrally formed at one time by continuously adjusting the position and posture of die. To accurately form the pre-designed bent tube, the formation mechanism of bending arc of tube in free bending process was analyzed. The mathematical model between bending radius and deflection was established and the moving direction of bending die was also determined according to the plane space azimuth where the bending arc segment is located. The formation process of transition segments with variable curvature and variable bending direction is illustrated during the movement of bending die and the influence law of transition segment on the axis shape was also explored. By comparing the axis deviation of experimental and simulate bent tubes, the length of transition segment and the moving path of bending die can be optimized. Finally, the applicability of free bending forming technology in forming bent tubes with different shape features was verified by conducting the free bending experiments on bent tubes with three typical shapes. Due to the high flexibility of free bending forming technology, the work in this paper could promote the engineering application of this technology in the precise control of axis shape of bent tube.
Contrastive learning-based pretraining improves representation and transferability of diabetic retinopathy classification models
Authors: Alam Minhaj Nur , Yamashita Rikiya , Ramesh Vignav , Prabhune Tejas , Lim Jennifer I. , Chan Robison Vernon Paul , Hallak Joelle , Leng Theodore , Rubin Daniel
Published: November 2022

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) based pretraining allows enhanced data representation, therefore, the development of robust and generalized deep learning (DL) models, even with small, labeled datasets. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of CL based pretraining on the performance of referable vs non referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) classification. We have developed a CL based framework with neural style transfer (NST) augmentation to produce models with better representations and initializations for the detection of DR in color fundus images. We compare our CL pretrained model performance with two state of the art baseline models pretrained with Imagenet weights. We further investigate the model performance with reduced labeled training data (down to 10 percent) to test the robustness of the model when trained with small, labeled datasets. The model is trained and validated on the EyePACS dataset and tested independently on clinical datasets from the University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC). Compared to baseline models, our CL pretrained FundusNet model had higher AUC (CI) values (0.91 (0.898 to 0.930) vs 0.80 (0.783 to 0.820) and 0.83 (0.801 to 0.853) on UIC data). At 10 percent labeled training data, the FundusNet AUC was 0.81 (0.78 to 0.84) vs 0.58 (0.56 to 0.64) and 0.63 (0.60 to 0.66) in baseline models, when tested on the UIC dataset. CL based pretraining with NST significantly improves DL classification performance, helps the model generalize well (transferable from EyePACS to UIC data), and allows training with small, annotated datasets, therefore reducing ground truth annotation burden of the clinicians.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Spatiotemporal Mapping of Atypical p38 Reveals an Endosomal and Cytosolic Spatial Bias
Authors: Burton Jeremy , Okalova Jennifer , Grimsey Neil
Published: November 2022

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a central regulator of intracellular signaling, driving physiological and pathological pathways. With over 150 downstream targets, it is predicted that spatial positioning and the availability of cofactors and substrates determines kinase signaling specificity. The subcellular localization of p38 is highly dynamic to facilitate the selective activation of spatially restricted substrates. However, the spatial dynamics of atypical p38 inflammatory signaling are understudied. We developed spatially targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors to track p38 activity with subcellular resolution. Through comparative analysis of plasma membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and endosomal compartments, we confirm a characteristic profile of nuclear bias for mitogen-activated kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6) dependent p38 activation. Conversely, atypical p38 activation via thrombin-mediated protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) activity led to the sequestration of p38 at the endosome and cytosol, limiting nuclear translocation, a profile conserved for prostaglandin E2 activation of p38. Conversely, perturbation of receptor endocytosis led to spatiotemporal switching of thrombin signaling, reducing endosomal and cytosolic p38 activation and increasing nuclear activity. The data presented reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of p38 activity and provide critical insight into how atypical p38 signaling drives differential signaling responses through spatial sequestration of kinase activity.
Experiences and opinions of Baby-Led Weaning by healthcare professionals: A qualitative study.
Authors: Fernández-Medina Isabel María , Márquez-Díaz Rita Rocío , Arcas-Rueda Marina , Ruíz-Fernández María Dolores , Ortíz-Amo Rocío , Ventura-Miranda María Isabel
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to describe and understand the experiences and opinions of pediatricians and pediatric nurse specialists of the implementation of the Baby-led Weaning (BLW) approach.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was carried out. A focus group and thirteen face-to-face interviews were conducted between February and May 2022. All were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the help of a qualitative data analysis software.
Results
From the data, two themes emerged: 1. BLW as an ideal method of introducing solid food, with the subthemes: ‘a natural method of introducing complementary feeding’ and ‘BLW is a safe method’; 2. Perceived barriers to the implementation of the BLW method, with the subthemes: ‘a lack of BLW training prevents the best practice’ and ‘the influence of family and social context on parents’.
Conclusions
BLW is a natural and safe method to introducing complementary feeding. The lack of training of healthcare professionals and the influence of family social context on parents may limit the implementation of BLW.
Pickering Emulsions based on Sustainable MIL-101(Fe)/CNC Hybrid Nanoparticles for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Dyes
Authors: Yu Dehai , Wang Zhile , Ji Dandan , Jing Changshui , Song Zhaoping , Wang Huili , Liu Wenxia
Published: November 2022

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is an efficient, energy-saving, renewable technology. MIL-101(Fe) is an effective photocatalyst; however, its degradation efficiency for dye molecules is reduced by its hydrophobicity and sedimentation in aqueous solutions. In this study, MIL-101(Fe)/cellulose-nanocrystal (CNC) hybrid nanoparticles (MCs) with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by in situ growth. Owing to their unique amphiphilicity and interfacial adsorption, the MC-stabilised Pickering emulsions exhibited uniform particle size and stability. The MCs were uniformly adsorbed at the oil–water interface of the emulsion and dispersed in the water phase through a three-dimensional (3D) network with clusters. This facilitated complete contact of the MCs with pollutants, thereby significantly increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. The tuneable wettability of MIL-101(Fe) induced by CNCs considerably affected the stabilisation and photocatalytic degradation performance. At 0.5 wt% CNC, the MCs had a three-phase contact angle of 92°, resulting in the highest photocatalytic degradation rate and emulsion stability of the samples studied herein. An emulsion with a constant emulsification index of 100% was obtained at 0.4 wt% MCs and an oil-phase volume fraction of ~ 0.2. The MC-stabilised emulsion system exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B. Moreover, the MCs could be recycled several times while ensuring a degradation efficiency within an acceptable range. Herein we introduce a new approach for improving and fabricating green, sustainable photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems.
Harm Estimation from psychoactive drug use under MCDA principles and community perceptions in Colombia, 2021.
Authors: CASTAÑO GUILLERMO , GASCA ELLS NATALIA GALEANO , SANDOVAL JUAN DE JESUS
Published: November 2022

Background
Public policies related to drug use have been formulated based on the guidelines given by international organizations that have classified them based on more socio-legal motivations, lacking a scientific basis.
Methods
To achieve the hierarchy of harm associated with the consumption of psychoactive drugs through a consensus of experts, complemented with the social representations that communities have in this regard. Principles of Multcriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were used and through the Delphi method, 15 expert scientists in psychoactive drugs were consulted, who weighted on a scale the construction of consensus on damages related to 15 psychoactive drugs at the individual level and third parties. In addition, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with social actors to inquire about their perceptions regarding the harm associated with drug use, both in consumers and in others. Finally, Bayesian elicitation was applied to the qualitative information of the substances, where medians and 95% credibility intervals were estimated.
Results
The consensus showed that smokeable cocaine (basuco), heroin, alcohol and cocaine were, in order, the most harmful substances for individual users, with medians of 40.3; CRI95% (39.3–41.3); 40; CRI95% (38.9–40.9), 39.7; CRI95% (38.9–40.5) and 39; CRI95% (38.4–39.7), respectively, while cocaine, alcohol and basuco were the most harmful to another 43.4; CRI95% (42.8–44), 42.7; CRI95% (42.2–43.3) and 42.7; CRI95% (42.3–43.1), respectively. For their part, the community actors considered alcohol to be the most harmful substance both for the individual who consumes it and for third parties, followed by cocaine and marijuana.
Conclusion
The disagreement in the management given to drugs by public policies regarding the problem of both legal and illegal drug use is corroborated, in relation to the international discussion the variables that had more weight in the context Colombia were those related to violence, displacement and crime associated with the production and trafficking of substances.
Case Study-Based Predictive Linear Regression Model to Measure Anxiety and Depression as the Impact of COVID- 19 among Students in Higher Education
Authors: Krishnan Reshmy , Jeba Shermina , James Menila , Badi Ali Al , Kumari Shantha , Anajemba Joseph Henry , Iwendi Celestine , Harinda Eugene
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation on Porous Fe/Pd-Fe Nanostructured Bimetallic Electrodes
Authors: Hosseini Javad , Abdolmaleki Mehdi , Allahgholipourb Gholam Reza , Hanifehpour Younes
Published: November 2022

In this work, to prepare nanostructured and porous Fe/Pd-Fe bimetallic catalysts, the iron coating is applied firstly onto the copper substrate by the electrochemical deposition method. Subsequently, iron-zinc alloy coating is deposited on the underlayer iron. Eventually, by immersing this alloy coating in an alkaline solution containing palladium ions, the palladium will replace the zinc, resulting in porous Fe/Pd-Fe catalysts. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used for the characterization of the physical properties of the as-prepared electrocatalysts. Their electrocatalytic activity was studied by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD results showed that the zinc element was the main component of the Fe/Zn-Fe alloy and was replaced by palladium as a result of leaching-galvanic replacement. The electrochemical investigations showed that a new porous Fe/Pd-Fe bimetallic catalyst had higher electro-catalytic activity and stability than pure Pd and Fe electrodes for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. The superiority of the Fe/Pd-Fe catalyst is related to the high surface area and a synergistic effect between Fe and Pd in Fe/Pd-Fe catalysts. Therefore, the nanostructured Fe/Pd-Fe catalysts can be proposed as potential anode materials for alkaline ethanol fuel cells.
Clinical impact of weight loss on mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Ju Kwang , Chung Chiwook , Kim Jiwon , Cho Hyo Sin , Kim Ho Cheol
Published: November 2022

Background
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often experience weight loss during the follow-up period. However, the prevalence and clinical impact of weight loss in these patients still need to be elucidated.
Methods
This retrospective single-center study reviewed 134 consecutive patients diagnosed with IPF. Clinical data of patients were compared according to the significant weight loss. We analyzed whether the clinical impact of significant weight loss differed regarding the pirfenidone dose.
Results
The median follow-up period was 22.1 months. Of the 134 patients, 42 (31.3%) experienced significant weight loss. Significant weight loss was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.650; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.108–6.341; p = 0.029) after adjusting for lung function and other significant risk factor (6-minute walk test distance: HR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.992–0.987; p = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. The median survival of patients with significant weight loss (n = 26) was shorter than that of those without significant weight loss (n = 50) in the reduced dose pirfenidone group (28.3 ± 3.1 vs 41.8 ± 3.1 months, p = 0.013). Compared with patients without significant weight loss (n = 38), patients with significant weight loss (n = 15) also showed a marginally-significant shorter survival in the full-dose pirfenidone group (28.9 ± 3.1 vs 39.8 ± 2.6 months, p = 0.085).
Conclusions
Significant weight loss is a prognostic factor in patients with IPF regardless of pirfenidone dose. Vigilant monitoring might be necessary to detect weight loss during the clinical course in these patients.
Chronic subdural electrocorticography in nonhuman primates by an implantable wireless device for brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Yan Tianfang , Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Kameda Seiji , Maeda Masashi , Mihara Takuma , Hirata Masayuki
Published: November 2022

Background

Subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) signals have been proposed as a stable, good-quality source for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), with a higher spatial and temporal resolution than electroencephalogram (EEG). However, long-term implantation may lead to chronic inflammatory reactions and connective tissue encapsulation, resulting in a decline in the signal recording quality. However, no study has reported the effects of the surrounding tissue on signal recording and device functionality thus far.

Methods

In this study, we implanted a wireless recording device with a customized 32-electrode-ECoG array subdurally in two nonhuman primates for 15 months. We evaluated the neural activities recorded and wirelessly transmitted to the devices and the chronic tissue reactions around the electrodes.

Results

Time-frequency analyses of the acute and chronic phases showed similar signal features. The average root mean square voltage and power spectral density remained relatively stable after chronic implantation. Histological examination revealed thickening of the reactive tissue around the electrode array; however, no evident inflammation in the cortex. In addition, we measured the gain factor of the newly formed ventral fibrous tissue in vivo.

Conclusions

This study suggests that subdural ECoG may provide stable chronic signal recordings for future clinical applications and neuroscience research and highlights the role of reducing the thickness of ventral tissue proliferation.
Construction of Feature Analysis Model for Demeanor Evidence Investigation Based on Data Mining Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Mengxing , Qi Lin , Guo Yulong
Published: November 2022

Demeanor evidence refers to the authoritative opinions of experts using analytical instruments to collect and interpret the formation of external physiological symptoms of the entire human body.The use of man-made reasoning in the field of legal settling has become increasingly broad.Specialists are giving increasingly more consideration to the securing of modular proof. This paper proposes the development of a component examination model for modular proof examination applications. The technique for this paper is to apply the guileless Bayes strategy, propose a superior information mining calculation, and lay out a model for proof observation and examination. The function of these methods is to systematically explore the basic theoretical issues of demeanor evidence based on the status quo of judicial application of demeanor evidence. Through the prediction of individual demeanor based on data mining algorithm, the evidence analysis model is designed, the neurobiological experiment is carried out, and the demeanor evidence animal stress model is constructed to verify the scientific basis of multidemeanor evidence observation. The experimental results showed that after repeated stimulation of SD rats, the maximum changes in the expression of HSP70 gene and SAA gene were 10.77 and 14.1 respectively, reflecting the high reliability of demeanor evidence biological experiments.
In silico designing of a novel polyvalent multi-subunit peptide vaccine leveraging cross- immunity against human visceral & cutaneous leishmaniasis: An Immunoinformatics-based approach
Authors: Bhattacharjee Mainak , Banerjee Monojit , Mukherjee Arun
Published: November 2022

Leishmaniasis necessitates grave medical concern due to emergence of drug resistant strains & adverse side effects of the drugs. Already set foot in the endemic disease to tropical & subtropical countries in the world. Presently no promising & apposite vaccination strategy exists as curative therapy. In this study, we have designed for the first time a multi-subunit peptide vaccine that may confer cross-immunity against both visceral leishmaniasis (VL) & cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans. It is based on twelve experimentally validated leishmania-specific antigenic proteins that stem from multiple pathogenic species of Leishmania. Immuno-dominant B/T-cell epitopes were identified, amalgamated with proper linker & appropriate adjuvant (IL-12) to enhance the immunogenicity. Further, various physicochemical parameters, allergenicity, antigenicity and toxicity of the vaccine were also predicted to ensure the safety of the final vaccine construct. Homology modeling was performed to predict the structure of the proposed vaccine peptide & interactions with the TLR receptors were studied by molecular docking approach. Stability of the vaccine-TLR complex was also studied by implementing molecular dynamics simulation. Again mRNA structure prediction, codon optimization and in silico cloning of the corresponding gene sequence were carried out in order to anticipate the amenability of the gene construct to get expressed under in vitro system. Finally, computational immune simulation findings reveal promising cellular & humoral immune responses. Thereupon our engineered chimeric peptide appears to be a potential vaccine candidate against VL & CL.
Early Multi-Class Ensemble Based Fake News Detection Using Content Features
Authors: Rezaei Sajjad , Kahani Mohsen , Behkamal Behshid , Jalayer Rahman
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, social media play an essential role in spreading the news with low cost and high speed in publishing, and easy availability. As anybody can publish some news, many fake materials are also published in this media. Multi-class detection of fake news (more than just false or true) have gained more attention, as some news are half-true. In addition, early detection of fake news has an important role, before their impacts on the society become great. This paper investigates an early detection of fake news using multi-class classification. This is achieved by extracting the content features from the news, such as sentiment and semantic features. The proposed model employs five classifiers (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, LightGBM, and XGBoost) as primary classifiers. Furthermore, the AdaBoost is used for the meta-learning algorithm to develop a stacking generalization model concerning fake news detection. Stacking generalization is an ensemble learning method that uses all data produced by the first-level algorithms. We trained our model with Politifact data in the evaluation, and the model performance was evaluated by their Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score. Performance improvements are visible over previous models, in both binary and multi-class classifications.
Relationship between Early-onset stroke and Triglyceride-glucose index among young Chinese adults
Authors: 许 文奇 , Zhao Haiyan , Han Xu , Liu jianrong , Li haixia , Sun Junyan , Xing Aijun , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , wu yuntao
Published: November 2022

Background: The triglyceride–glucose index (TyG-index), an alternative indicator of peripheral insulin resistance (IR), is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. The aim of this researchwas to determine the correlation between early-onset stroke and the TyG-index among young Chinese adults.
Methods: Participants (age ≤40 years) who attended their first physical examination in Kailuan General Hospital or its 11 subsidiary hospitals between 2006 and 2012 were enrolled. A Cox proportional hazard models wasemployed to assess the correlation between early-onset stroke incident and the TyG-index. Restricted cubic splineanalysis was further conducted to examine nonlinear associations. TyG-index was calculated as Ln [Triglyceride (TG, mg/dl) × Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG, mg/dl)/2].
Results: Overall, 35999 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 30.82±5.66 years, and 77.1% of subjects were males. During a median observation period of 11 years, 281 stroke events occurred (62 hemorrhagic strokes and 219 ischemic strokes). Compared to the Q1 group, subjects in groups Q2-Q4 had significantly higher risks of early-onset stroke (P<0.05) after adjustment for relevant confounders in the Cox proportional hazards model. The restricted cubic splines revealed that the risk of stroke progressively increased with a high TyG-index≥ 8.41.
Conclusions: The TyG-index may be a major risk factor for early-onset stroke among young Chinese adults. TyG-index ≥8.41 can be used as an indicator for screening high-risk stroke groups.