bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximate reflection coefficients for a thin VTI layer
Authors: Hao Qi , Stovas Alexey
Published: September 2017

We have developed an approximate method to derive simple expressions for the reflection coefficients of P- and SV-waves for a thin transversely isotropic layer with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) embedded in a homogeneous VTI background. The layer thickness is assumed to be much smaller than the wavelengths of P- and SV-waves inside. The exact reflection and transmission coefficients are derived by the propagator matrix method. In the case of normal incidence, the exact reflection and transmission coefficients are expressed in terms of the impedances of vertically propagating P- and S-waves. For subcritical incidence, the approximate reflection coefficients are expressed in terms of the contrast in the VTI parameters between the layer and the background. Numerical examples are designed to analyze the reflection coefficients at normal and oblique incidence and investigate the influence of transverse isotropy on the reflection coefficients. Despite giving numerical errors, the approximate formulas are sufficiently simple to qualitatively analyze the variation of the reflection coefficients with the angle of incidence.
Human small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H146) tumor behaviour on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane after the sodium valproate treatment
Authors: Šlekienė Lina , Mozūraitė Raminta , Vosyliūtė Ruta , Balnytė Ingrida , Valančiūtė Angelija
Published: September 2017

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of cancer with 5-year survival rate and poor prognosis. Since patients' initial response to therapy is rapidly followed by a relapse with the drug-resistant disease, new therapies are required. The aim was to evaluate whether H146 cell line tumor was able to maintain the morphological pattern when grafted on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Also, to evaluate the morphological changes in the CAM after grafting the tumor without or with treatment with sodium valproate (NaVP). The cell culture of the commercial NCIH146 cell line was used for the formation of the tumor. The tumor of 1x106 cells and I type rat tail collagen was dropped onto the absordable sponge and instantly grafted on CAM. After 5 days of incubation chicken embryos were sacrificed and CAMs were cut out. Standard H&E staining and immunohistochemistry (CD56) were performed. The histomorphometrical analysis of non-treated (n=5), 4 mM NaVP-treated (n=5) and 8 mM (n=5) of NaVP-treated groups was performed. The thickness of the CAM was measured in all the investigated groups in the areas under the onplant and in the neighbouring sites. H146 cells are able to maintain morphological appearance on the CAM and retained the expression of specific profile for CD56. H146 cell tumor increased the thickness of the CAM under the tumor in the non-treated group (509.2±184μm). After treatment with 4 mM and 8 mM of NaVP CAM thickness decreased (362±232.6 μm and 147.8±98.4 μm respectively; p<0.0001). The effect of NaVP on CAM increased with increasing solution concentrations of 4 mM and 8 mM. CAM thickness in the non-treated group neighbouring to the tumor site was 139.1±138.4 μm, in 4 mM NaVP-treated group – 104.9±81 μm and in 8 mM NaVP-treated group CAM thickness reached only 70.8±51.5 μm. CAM thickness in the non-treated group significantly differs compared to 4 mM and 8 mM of NaVP – the treated groups (p<0.05, p<0.0001). Difference between both NaVP-treated groups is also significant (p<0.05). CAM is a suitable model for in vivo analysis of human H146 cell line formed tumor. Cells grafted on the CAM preserved their morphology and expressed characteristic immunohistochemical markers. CAM mesenchyme proliferation was suppressed under the influence of NaVP in concentration–dependent manner.
Development of Theoretical Aspects of Tax Optimization in Conditions of Improving Legislation
Authors: Резяпова Аида , Rezyapova Aida
Published: September 2017

The article examines the most common methods of tax optimization that do not contradict the current legislation. The author from a critical point of view analyzes the classification of ways of tax optimization offered by different authors, leads objective arguments in support of his own point of view.
International Anticorruption Standards: Classification, Benefits and Shortcomings, Further Development Prospects
Authors: Черепанова Вера , Cherepanova Vera
Published: September 2017

Th is paper assesses the proliferation of international anticorruption initiatives, standards, and guidelines. A comprehensive classification of different types of standards with regards to their applicability to anticorruption compliance program set-up is provided. Based on the analysis of benefits and shortcomings of standards, a conclusion is made that in the absence of a clear regulatory framework the effectiveness and efficiency of standards is limited, since they lack accountability per se.
Method of Rotation of Geometrical Objects Around the Curvilinear Axis
Authors: Беглов И. , Beglov I. , Рустамян Вячеслав , Rustamyan Vyacheslav
Published: September 2017

Rotation is the motion of geometric objects along a circle. This is one of geometric techniques used to form lines and surfaces. In this paper has been considered the rotation of objects in a three-dimensional space around a straight axis. It is known that a straight line can be considered as a particular case of a circle with a radius equal to infinity. Such circle’s center is at infinite distance from the considered straight line segment. Then in the general case, the rotation axis is a closed curve, for example, a circle with a radius of finite magnitude. Rotation of a point around a straight axis now splits into two trajectories. One of them is a circle with a radius, the second is a straight line crossing with the axis, and the center of this trajectory is at an infinite distance from the point. The method of point rotation about an axis of finite radius was considered. Note that a circle is a special case of an ellipse. When the actual focus of the circle is stratified into two, the line itself loses its curvature constancy, and is called an ellipse. The point, rotating around the elliptical axis, is stratified into four ones, forming four circles (trajectories). Axis foci appearing in turn in the role of the main one determine two trajectories by each with a trivial and nontrivial center of rotation. We have considered the variant for arrangement of the generating circle so that its center coincided with one of the elliptic axis’s foci. The obtained surfaces are a pair of co-axial Dupin cyclides, since they have identical properties. Changing the circle generatrix radius, other things being equal, we get different types of closed cyclides.
Laboratory Practicum on Computer Graphics
Authors: Алексюк А. , Aleksyuk A.
Published: September 2017

To master such important section of computer graphics as “Geometric Transformations of Coordinates” have been proposed laboratory works on discipline “Engineering and Computer Graphics” for MSUN students of specialties 27.03.04 “Management in Engineering Systems” and 09.03.01 “Informatics and Computer Engineering”. In contrast to existing laboratory works on computer graphics, demanding the knowledge of algorithmic languages and programming essentials, the presented tasks are performed in a MathCAD package, which allows represent results in the form of geometrical drawings without writing complicated computer programs. In this paper are considered elementary geometrical transformations and their compositions. Matrixes of object coordinates transformations at transfer, rotation and scaling on the plane and in space have been described. Constructions of orthogonal, axonometric and central projections on screen plane have been considered. Distinctions in algorithms for objects’ geometrical transformations above reference zero and arbitrary point have been noted. It has been showed that the end result of complex transformations depends on sequence of elementary transformations. A large number of examples covering the laboratory practicum’s content have been provided. Results have been presented in the form of numbers and drawings using MathCAD. In the first laboratory work have been considered the objects geometrical transformations (transfer, rotation and scaling) on the plane and in space; in the second one – construction of central, orthogonal and axonometric projections for three-dimensional objects on a computer screen (plane). Have been developed methodological instructive regulations for performance of laboratory and independent works which are used for students training on the MSUN’s descriptive geometry and graphics chair.
Listening to children
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: September 2017

In the last of her series exploring ‘listening to the child’, Penny Webb explains why it is so important to have faith in yourself and your experience, and to trust your own instincts.
Science: Following instructions
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: September 2017

This is the fifth in a series of extracts from the book, Developing Early Science Skills Outdoors, which explores ideas for providing children with opportunities to learn outside.
Accessing dental services for care home residents
Authors: Humphreys Katie
Published: September 2017

A person's oral health has a large influence on their overall health and wellbeing. In this article, Katie Humphreys explains how care homes can ensure their residents receive the best possible oral health care, and how to decide which dental service a resident needs
Tracking high-risk behaviour in people living with dementia
Authors: Ekblad Jari
Published: September 2017

Tracking the behavioural patterns of people living with dementia can help minimise the normal day-to-day risks we all live with. In this article, Jari Ekblad considers how technology can assist in shaping care provision to the needs of each resident
How to choose an accountant for a residential care home
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: September 2017

Care homes, like any successful business, need a good accountant if they want to meet their financial obligations. In this article, Adam Bernstein explores what homes should be looking for in their next accountant, and what they need to be wary of
Where are we going with integrated care?
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: September 2017

Integrated care is something of a focus for the NHS, due its promise of better care that costs less to provide. In this article, Helena Frankova outlines the problems that this project faces, from where we are going, to how we are supposed to get there
COMPARISON OF LANGUAGE SUBSET AND LANGUAGE EXTENSION BY SAFE RELATED INFORMATION APPROACH TO SAFE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Brandejský Tomáš , Fábera Vít
Published: September 2017

Presented contribution is dedicated to discussion of two different approaches into increase of programming language safety. They are language subset and extension of original safety mechanisms. As examples we used MISRA C/C++ subset and SPARK language builded on the base of ADA language. In the last chapters we discuss novel approaches based on application of programmable hardware which is described in VHDL language, which is also modification of ADA language. Especially SPARK and VHDL languages represents novel approaches to safe system development which are now discussed in relation to new Railway SW projects.
RAILTOPOMODEL AND RAILML 3 IN OVERALL CONTEXT
Authors: Hlubuček Adam
Published: September 2017

This paper aims to provide a brief insight into the UIC RailTopomodel and railML initiative. Concerning the railML exchange format, mainly the current form of forthcoming third edition, involving especially the infrastructure schema, based on the RailTopoModel modelling principles, is taken into account. When rewarding, the comparison between railML 3 and the previous railML 2.3 version is given. At the end, the author focuses on selected issues of possible applicability of these tools for the needs of such systems as the automatic train control, automatic train operation, prediction of train etc. If essential, some extensions of the structures are proposed.
RAILWAY TRAFFIC OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Kamenický Dušan , Brandejský Tomáš , Fábera Vít , Gopak Valerii
Published: September 2017

The article focuses on analysis of possibilities of operatic control of railway traffic and its automatization and its support by information systems. Conditions, necessary pieces of input information like infrastructure description are discussed. RailML format is mentioned as suitable format for description in railway area. Optimization criterion and use of evolutionary techniques are suggested. The system is modeled in Railway Laboratory of the Faculty of Transportation Sciences, CTU in Prague.
ITS ON RAILWAY
Authors: Leso Martin
Published: September 2017

Development of technology management and security, transmission and information systems allows the concept of process management and security of railways and organizing the operation of a new, as yet non-phase in a non-traditional way. Requirements for higher efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of the attractiveness of rail transport Connection in the integrated transport systems are a challenge for the railways. These requirements can be solved just by changing the concept and technology of the presented here as an ITS-R.
DOMAINS OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, WHICH NEED THE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Procházková Dana , Procházka Jan , Kertis Tomáš
Published: September 2017

The paper analyses the railway accidents sources in the Czech Republic on the basis of knowledge on complex system behaviour. It derives seven categories of sources of railway accidents. The individual categories include the accident sources from the same field domain. These domains are: technical related to rail traffic vehicles; technical related to rail infrastructure and railway station; railway operation control – organizational causes; railway operation control – cyber causes; control of rail traffic vehicles; attack on the train; domain legislative and other. The results show that for railway traffic safety improvement, it is necessary to pay attention to all categories, and especially to these that lead to organizational accidents origination.
HIGH SPEED RAILWAY LINES – FUTURE PART OF CZECH RAILWAY NETWORK?
Authors: Týfa Lukáš , Vodák David
Published: September 2017

The paper first describes high speed rail generally and explains the relationship between high speed and conventional railway networks (according to the vehicle types in operation on the network). The core of the paper is comprised of the methodology for choosing the best route for a railway line and its application to the high speed railway connection Praha – Brno. The Algorithm used assumes the existence of more route proposals, which could be different in terms of the operational conception, line routing or types of vehicles used. The optimal variant is the one with the lowest daily cost, which includes infrastructure and vehicle costs; investment and operational costs. The results from applying this model confirmed the assumption, that a dedicated high speed railway line, only for high speed trains, has the same or lower investment costs than a line for both high speed and conventional trains. Furthermore, a dedicated high line also has a lower cost for infrastructure maintenance but a higher cost for buying high speed multiple units.
SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS FOR NITROGEN ION IMPLANTATION
Authors: Vertat Petr , Drahokoupil Jan , Vlcak Petr
Published: September 2017

Ion implantation is one of the modern methods of the surface modification of various materials. Industrially used Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy and commercially pure Ti grade 2 were characterized using the X–ray diffraction methods. Texture of the material and dependence of the microstructural properties on the method of the surface modification were examined in order to determine suitable conditions for application of the process in the industry. The structure of Ti–6Al–4V alloy before and after the nitrogen ion implantation process is discussed and observed surface hardening is explained.
Mei Mei, A Daughter's Song: Review
Authors: Fukui Masako
Published: September 2017

The most compelling aspect of Mei Mei: A Daughter’s Song is its enduring power as cultural critique. On the surface, the subject matter is the universal conflict between mother and daughter, but this radio docudrama by Taiwanese-American producer Dmae Roberts is in fact an ambitious exploration of the complex meanings of race, hybridity and cultural ‘mixedness’ that outline the contours of identity in multicultural societies such as the US.
As an Asian-American ‘minority’ discourse, this documentary disrupts the dominant ‘white vs other’ understanding of culture by exploring Roberts’ ambivalence about her own biracial identity (her mother is Taiwanese, her father is ‘white’ American). Roberts’ feelings of alienation and frustration growing up American and hiding her Asian-ness underscore the shame she feels about her mother, who in turn is disappointed in her not so dutiful daughter. This tension serves as a metaphor for larger racial and cultural tensions, issues that have even more resonance today than when Mei Mei was first broadcast in 1989.
This article examines how Roberts achieves this cultural critique in under 27 minutes by layering first person narrative, dialogue, actuality and dramatic fairy tale elements in Taiwanese, Chinese, and English into a sometimes playful, sometimes haunting soundscape. The fact that the foreign language sonic elements or the mother’s broken English may be incomprehensible is not just about adding texture, but about a rich subtext that invites the listener to experience this docudrama as a form of intercultural theatre.
Mei Mei is intelligent radio, intensely personal in tone yet conceptually grand in scope. It is the work of a generous producer.
DOWNLOAD FULL REVIEW WITH AUDIO LINKS AS PDF
The Eternal Present: The Untold and Short Cuts series, BBC Radio 4.
Authors: Gallacher Lyn
Published: September 2017

The present tense is THE powerful first lesson in radio grammar. But so is telling the truth. What happens then, when these two butt up against one another and call each other’s bluff?
‘The Untold’ is a half-hour BBC radio series dedicated to ‘documenting the untold dramas of 21st century Britain’. The episode, Songs of the Bothy Balladeer, like all the stories in this series, is personal. This whole production can only be made with a high degree of cooperation from all its subjects. Indeed some of them nominate themselves. It means that we, the audience, are granted seemingly unimpeded access to a life-changing moment as it happens. We are with the subject behind the scenes. This is reality radio. In real time. Pre-recorded. Throughout the whole series ‘time’ is critical. The untold story must happen in a sort of ‘suspended’ real time. For the idea to work, the audience must feel it is living moment by moment alongside a particular dramatic event in the subject’s life. The idea fits perfectly with our ‘selfie stick’ age.
The second series, Short Cuts, is another BBC Radio 4 production, assembled by an independent company, Falling Tree Productions. The slot is also 28 minutes, but this program is made up of short documentaries and ‘adventures in sound’. Each episode is produced and curated around a particular theme by the inventive Eleanor McDowall. McDowall seeks out and plays documentaries from everywhere, mixing experienced, professional program makers up with student and community radio first-timers. What she is seeking are sound paintings that look at the world in a way you haven’t seen before. She stresses a compositional approach, often with found sound.
‘The End of the Story’ episode is made up of three features about things drawing to a close. The first, by noted Danish producer Rikke Houd, is about ancient Inuit culture in Greenland. The story is told in three different epochs, each cut into fragments and layered over one another. The earliest is an evocative and mysterious archival recording. This sound of a man’s voice from the past desperately shouting to us in the present, so that all it represents – people, culture, language, land, will not be forgotten and destroyed – has huge emotional power. The words are incomprehensible but the meaning is plain. The second, two and a half minutes piece, is called ‘Too Many Miles’. It is an imaginary audio film inspired by a Robert Frost poem. The producer of the third piece, ‘Power of Bare’, is former Third Coast Artistic Director, Sarah Geis. It is an interview with an American artist, Harold Stevenson, from the Warhol generation, who is best known for his paintings of the male nude.
In comparing these shows, it could be said that the program with the more artifice is actually the more honest. Not that it matters, because one program The Untold, simply proceeds by asking us to suspend our disbelief in the idea of real time being real, and the other, Short Cuts, doesn’t.
Assessing attitudes of citizens of Qazvin city towards Afghan Refugees via Cybernetics
Authors: Keshavarz Ghasemi Hossein , Naderpour Babak
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present study is to assess attitudes of citizens of Qazvin City towards Afghan migrants using the factor analysis technique and the Bogardus Social Distance Scale. The data were collected via a questionnaire distributed among a sample size as 384 participants. Then, the collected data were analyzed via SPSS-23 and the factor analysis technique. As a result, 30 indices were summarized by factor analysis and reduced into 7 factors presented in combinatorial meaningful factors. The contribution of each factor affecting the attitudes of citizens of Qazvin City towards Afghan refugees using the mentioned technique. The research findings indicated that those 7 factors generally explain 60.21% of the citizens’ attitudes towards Afghan migrants. The results obtained from the Bogardus Social Distance Scale showed that citizens of Qazvin City have no positive attitudes towards Afghans with the mean scores of negative answers with 77.66%. This issue indicates a great social distance between Afghan refugees and the research population.
The impact of anxiety on sexual satisfaction in menopausal women
Authors: Kavlak Tulay , Hisar Filiz
Published: September 2017

Purpose:This study was carried out in order to determine the anxiety levels of menopausal women on their sexual satisfaction.Method and material:This descriptive study. The study was carried out at a menopause clinic of a state hospital between June and August 2011. Data were collected by questionnaire: the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory.     Results:The mean age of the participants was 49.2±7.6 years old and nearly half of the women 46-50 age group. Half of the women in our sample had a chronic disease, 46.4% of women had sexual intercourse twice a week and 85.1% of them were housewives.  In our research it was found that the women’s sexual satisfaction was low, and their state anxiety levels were moderate level. There was a moderate positive correlation between the women’s sexual satisfaction scores and their anxiety levels. Increased levels of both state and trait anxiety in women reduces their sexual satisfaction. Conclusion:In this study, it was shown that women’s anxiety levels were middle and their sexual satisfactions were decreased during menopause. For this reason menopausal women’s should recommended give information about sexual and psychological consultancy services.
Colonic Perforation: A Medical Complication
Authors: Parsons Christopher , Chan Elizabeth , Evans Richard P. T. , Mourad Moustafa Mabrouk , Leung Edmund
Published: September 2017

Hypothyroidism is a common comorbidity that on acute presentation is often overlooked. It can be an easily managed condition; however non-compliance can have severe consequences. In the presented case it was requirement for emergency surgery that resulted in stoma formation. This case is a first example of the need to include patient’s decision making process with regards to medication adherence in the setting of chronic disease.
Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma Gene Polymorphisms in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Najafi Shamsolmoulouk , Yousefi Hila , Mohammadzadeh Mahsa , Bidoki Alireza Zare , Farhadi Elham , Rezaei Nima
Published: September 2017

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral ulcerative inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. IL-2 and IFN-γ are secreted by Th1 cells and the elevated levels of them have been reported in RAS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-2 and IFN-γ genes could alter the cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of IL-2 and IFN-γ alleles and genotypes in a group of patients with minor-RAS (MiRAS). PCR-SSP method used to type genomic DNA of 64 Iranian patients with MiRAS for IL-2 gene (G –330 T) and (G +166 T) and IFN-γ gene at position UTR5644 (A/T). Frequency of each allele and genotype was compared with control group. IL-2 +166 G allele was significantly lower among patients which was reflected in significantly decreased of GG genotype at this position, while IL-2 +166 T allele was significantly higher among patients, IL-2 GT genotype was also significantly higher in RAS patients. No significant differences were found regarding IL-2 –330 G/T allele frequencies, while IL-2 GT genotype at this position was significantly higher among patients and IL-2 –330 TT genotype was significantly lower among RAS patients. Although no significant differences were found in IFN-γ allele frequencies at UTR5644 (A/T), AT genotype at this position was significantly overrepresented among patients compared with controls. Results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL-2 and IFN-γ genes have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. More studies in different ethnic groups are needed to confirm results of this study.
Application of Ultrasound Stirring for Quenching in a Liquid Medium
Authors: Landek Darko , Župan Josip , Filetin Tomislav
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates an application of ultrasonic stirring in water and oil-immersion quenching of a medium carbon steel sample. By developing a pressure acoustic simulation, the distribution of ultrasound pressure and acceleration in quenching media was predicted. By using the standard temperature probe of Inconel 600, the cooling curves of water and quench oil were recorded with and without ultrasound agitation. Using the same conditions, a quenching of the steel cylinders made for carbon steel C45 was performed. The experimental results have shown a significant impact of ultrasound agitation on cooling curve parameters, sample distortions, and surface hardness distribution and its hardenability.
A Touch of the Hand
Authors: Cox Kimberly
Published: September 2017

Kimberly Cox, “A Touch of the Hand: Manual Intercourse in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall” (pp. 161–191)

Characters in the works of Anne Brontë, Elizabeth Gaskell, Thomas Hardy, and Bram Stoker communicated their passions, reciprocated desires, and negotiated the power dynamics of their social and romantic relationships through their hands. Despite the recent work on Victorian hand studies, little attention has been paid to such moments when characters’ hands touch. This essay introduces the term “manual intercourse” as a way of referring to all literary depictions of tactile encounters (whether handshakes, caresses, uninvited grasps, or other accidental manual interactions) while acknowledging the silent, embodied communication and exchange inherent in such moments of physical connection. Taking Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) as an example par excellence, this essay explores how reading a novel through characters’ manual intercourse opens new ways of understanding and interpreting intense moments of emotional intimacy that language fails to represent adequately. Since emotions can be communicated through the quality, pressure, duration, and circumstance of a touch, manual intercourse in such novels allows for the possibility of excess sentiment that cannot be simply expressed through speech. Further, though nineteenth-century etiquette books dedicated entire sections to delineating types of handshakes acceptable in certain social situations, this essay suggests that some Victorian novelists challenged traditional gender ideology and the power structures inherent in it through representations of manual intercourse that either adhere to or deviate from traditional handshake etiquette.
Billy’s Fist
Authors: Rebhorn Matthew
Published: September 2017

Matthew Rebhorn, “Billy’s Fist: Neuroscience and Corporeal Reading in Melville’s Billy Budd” (pp. 218–244)

This essay explores the relationship between Herman Melville’s Billy Budd (published 1924) and late-nineteenth-century neuroscience—particularly works by Alexander Bain and George Henry Lewes—to argue that this novel advances a new way of reading the body. Inflected by Melville’s late encounter with Arthur Schopenhauer’s ruminations on “will power,” Melville uses neuroscience to develop Schopenhauer’s idea into what I am calling a “corporeal reading” practice. This is a reading practice, I argue, that erodes the ontological distinction between the mind and body, between the mind as subject and the body as mere object. Yet because Melville set this novel in wartime, this new reading practice also reveals the deep, and often deadly, tensions that accompany understanding the body as having a mind of its own. In this way, Billy Budd becomes a primer not only for expanding the notion of the bodily consciousness, but also for learning to read the political inflections of the animate body and its “will (to) power.”
National Trends in Pediatricians’ Practices and Attitudes About Breastfeeding: 1995 to 2014
Authors: Feldman-Winter Lori , Szucs Kinga , Milano Aubri , Gottschlich Elizabeth , Sisk Blake , Schanler Richard J.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has affirmed breastfeeding as the preferred method of infant feeding; however, there has been little systematic examination of how pediatricians’ recommendations, affiliated hospitals’ policies, counseling practices, and attitudes toward breastfeeding have shifted over the past 2 decades. These trends were examined from 1995 to 2014.

METHODS:

Data are from the Periodic Survey (PS) of Fellows, a nationally representative survey of AAP members. PS #30 (1995; response rate = 72%; N = 832), PS #57 (2004; response rate = 55%; N = 675), and PS #89 (2014; response rate = 51%; N = 620) collected demographics, patient and practice characteristics, and detailed responses on pediatricians’ recommendations, affiliated hospitals’ policies, counseling practices, and attitudes toward breastfeeding. By using bivariate statistics and logistic regression models, the analysis investigated changes over time with predicted values (PVs).

RESULTS:

From 1995 to 2014, more pediatricians reported their affiliated hospitals applied for “baby-friendly” designation (PV = 12% in 1995, PV = 56% in 2014; P < .05), and more reported that they recommend exclusive breastfeeding (65% to 76% [P < .05]). However, fewer respondents indicated that mothers can be successful breastfeeding (PV = 70% in 1995, PV = 57% in 2014; P < .05) and that the benefits outweigh the difficulties (PV = 70% in 1995, PV = 50% in 2014; P < .05). Younger pediatricians were less confident than older pediatricians in managing breastfeeding problems (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatricians’ recommendations and practices became more closely aligned with AAP policy from 1995 to 2014; however, their attitudes about the likelihood of breastfeeding success have worsened. These 2 divergent trends indicate that even as breastfeeding rates continue to rise, continued efforts to enhance pediatricians’ training and attitudes about breastfeeding are necessary.
Ex situ potential conservation of ipecacuanha (Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes.), a critically endangered medicinal plant species
Authors: Urrea Trujillo Aura Ines , Botero Giraldo Catalina , Naranjo Gòmez Esther Julia
Published: September 2017

P. ipecacuanha is a medicinal plant endangered in Colombia, due to the indiscriminate exploitation suffered several decades ago for its therapeutic importance. Its great medicinal value is due to emetine production and its derivatives, approached in the roots. Given these concerns, the aim of this research was to evaluate different parameters for in vitro conservation of P. ipecacuanha due to limited plant growth, using as in vitro explants plant nodes. In fact, plant growth response to 18, 23 and 25°C with and without addition to MS basal culture medium 15 and 30 gL-1 of mannitol osmotic regulator was evaluated. Registration of plant survival data (%), plant height (cm), plant development of axillary shoots, number of leaves, callus formation and vigour of developed buds and was initially performed at 3 months and then every two months until 12 months. The explants conserved for 9 months in culture medium without mannitol osmotic regulator and temperature of 18°C, showed response after transferring and reculturing in recovery culture medium for 6-8 weeks, this process had not achieved any effect on plant growth and vigour in the recovery phase. In addition, the critical parameters in the acclimatization process were determined.
Estudio comparativo de las propiedades mecánicas de la resina poliéster reforzada con fibra de bambú, como material sustituto de la fibra de vidrio
Authors: Taborda-Rios July Andrea , Cañas-Mendoza Luz Adriana , Tristancho-Reyes José Luis
Published: September 2017

En esta investigación se llevó a cabo una caracterización mecánica de dos tipos de materiales compuestos: resina poliéster reforzada con fibra de vidrio y resina poliéster reforzada con fibra de bambú. Se realizaron ensayos de tracción, flexión e impacto siguiendo las normas internacionales ASTM. Las fibras de bambú fueron obtenidas de forma manual y para mejorar la compatibilidad matriz de poliéster/ fibra, fueron sometidas a un tratamiento químico con hidróxido de sodio al 5 % en masa. Las muestras fueron elaboradas con concentraciones en masa de fibras de bambú de 11.07, 13.53 y 16.23 % y para poliéster reforzado con fibras de vidrio de 10.11, 14.77 y 19.19 %. Las propiedades mecánicas de estos materiales compuestos fueron comparadas con la matriz de poliéster sin refuerzo con el fin de conocer el aporte mecánico que le hacen las fibras a la matriz.
Implantación de elementos de sostenibilidad aplicados a la modernización de áreas productivas: España, un caso deficitario en la Europa del sur
Authors: Gomis Jordi , Turón-R. Carlos
Published: September 2017

La modernización de las áreas productivas -parques industriales, logísticos, tecnológicos, etc.-, comporta, desde la óptica urbanística, la oportunidad de incorporar soluciones que aporten una mejor sostenibilidad de las mismas. Las especificidades de dichos espacios, como son sus consumos energéticos elevados o las importantes necesidades de agua, hacen que su implantación requiera de la adopción de medidas que minoren la afectación sobre el medio ambiente, contribuyendo al concepto de área productiva sostenible. La introducción de las energías renovables y las Smart Grids, la mejora del ciclo del agua y la aplicación de la urbótica son soluciones que en el ámbito de las infraestructuras urbanas permiten hacer más sostenibles estos espacios. El presente artículo analiza y comprueba su implantación en un entorno industrial significativamente relevante de España, concluyéndose como resultado final la escasa incorporación de dichos elementos en las áreas productivas.
A 2-tuple linguistic multi-period decision making approach for dynamic green supplier selection
Authors: Jiménez Moya Gerdys Ernesto , Zulueta Véliz Yeleny
Published: September 2017

La selección de proveedores verdes tiene como objetivo la elección del mejor proveedor, entre varias alternativas, teniendo en cuenta no solo criterios tradicionales como el costo y la calidad del servicio o producto, sino considerando también la capacidad de producir estos productos o servicios cumpliendo estándares o regulaciones ambientales y con el menor impacto en el medio ambiente. En contextos reales de selección verde, en ocasiones no basta con una única evaluación estática de los proveedores y se necesita considerar la evolución de los proveedores en diferentes momentos y por supuesto algunos parámetros no son constantes en el tiempo, más bien son dinámicos y varían de un período a otro. En consecuencia, las decisiones acerca de los proveedores tienen lugar en un entorno dinámico, donde la decisión final se toma luego de un proceso de exploración. Además, la información disponible es vaga o imprecisa que no implica la incertidumbre probabilística. En tales situaciones, el uso del modelo lingüístico 2-tupla proporciona una forma adecuada para representar las evaluaciones lingüísticas por medio de variables lingüísticas y modelar la incertidumbre. En este trabajo, la atención principal se centra en encontrar el proveedor adecuado utilizando un enfoque de toma de decisiones multicriterio y multiperíodo, basado en el modelo computacional 2-tupla lingüística.
Design and optimization of a reverse electrodialysis stack for energy generation through salinity gradients
Authors: Vallejo-Castaño Sara , Sánchez-Sáenz Carlos Ignacio
Published: September 2017

Se presenta y resuelve un modelo para diseño de pilas de Electrodiálisis inversa. Se propuso una nueva función de optimización para RED, que tienen en cuenta el consumo de agua de río, la densidad de potencia neta y la eficiencia termodinámica del proceso. Los parámetros de tiempos de residencia y espesor de compartimientos fueron optimizados correctamente usando la nueva función propuesta. Los resultados sugieren pequeños tiempos de residencia, compartimientos de espesores delgados, poca área transversal y relaciones bajas de Longitud/ Ancho del compartimiento para máxima generación de energía.
Procedimiento para la priorización de Factores Críticos de Éxito
Authors: Plasencia-Soler Juan Antonio , Marrero-Delgado Fernando , Nicado-García Miriam , Aguilera-Sánchez Yasmany
Published: September 2017

El conocimiento de los Factores Críticos de Éxito (FCE) juega un papel primordial en el cumplimiento de la misión y la satisfacción de las necesidades de los clientes en una organización. El presente artículo propone un procedimiento para priorizar FCE en una organización mediante la construcción de un índice de criticidad (Ic), que tiene su base en los índices de criticidad para evaluar y priorizar riesgos, integrando el Proceso de la Jerarquía Analítica (PJA) y el trabajo con expertos. El procedimiento es aplicado para la determinación de los FCE para evaluar el comportamiento ético, socialmente responsable y sostenible, a través de la construcción de una jerarquía que permite clasificar los FCE en económicos, sociales y ambientales, en una organización orientada a la prestación de servicios informáticos.
Un Algoritmo GRASP híbrido para el 2eCVRP
Authors: Arias-Osorio Javier , Niño-Saénz Andrés Fernando
Published: September 2017

Avances recientes en la investigación de problemas de ruteo, han abordado extensiones del clásico Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos (VRP), como lo es el Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos de Dos Escalones (2E-CVRP), en el cual se aborda el diseño de rutas en una cadena de suministro de dos escalones. El primero de ellos que conecta la carga desde un depósito central hasta su consolidación en depósitos intermedios denominados satélites, y el segundo que enlaza la carga de los satélites con el cliente final. Para la solución del 2E-CVRP se optó por implementar un híbrido metaheurístico, la primera técnica denominada GRASP se enfoca en la formación de una solución inicial; para dar lugar al segundo método, designado como recocido simulado, en el que por medio de los operadores 2-opt, Or-Opt y Exchange, se intensifica la búsqueda de mejora de la solución inicial. Este algoritmo presenta buenos resultados para casos propuestos de la literatura.
Combined control of a flywheel energy storage system and a vanadium redox flow battery for wind energy applications in microgrids
Authors: Suvire Gaston Orlando , Ontiveros Leonardo Javier , Mercado Pedro Enrique
Published: September 2017

La incorporación de potencia eólica en microredes está creciendo progresivamente. Esta integración puede introducir problemas en la dinámica y calidad de potencia del sistema eléctrico debido a fluctuaciones del viento. Este trabajo propone un controlador compuesto por un sistema de acondicionamiento de potencia (PCS), un almacenador flywheel (FESS) y una batería de flujo redox de vanadio (VRFB) para mitigar problemas introducidos por la generación eólica en microredes. Se presenta un modelo del PCS/FESS-VRFB y se propone un método para controlar la potencia intercambiada entre el controlador y la red eléctrica. El método tiene dos modos: nivelación de potencia y control de frecuencia. A través de simulaciones, se estudia el desempeño del PCS/FESS-VRFB cuando opera con generación eólica en microredes. Los resultados demuestran un adecuado desempeño del método propuesto y una alta efectividad para nivelar las fluctuaciones de potencia eólica y proveer soporte para el control de frecuencia de la microred.
La plaza hispanoamericana Siglos: XVI, XVII y XVIII. Caso de estudio como análisis tipológico
Authors: Correal Avilán Natalia
Published: September 2017

La ciudad hispanoamericana debe ser estudiada a partir de los elementos que la componen, desde su antepasado hasta su compleja trama urbana actual. Uno de los elementos clave del desarrollo y  transformación de la ciudad fue su inicio fundacional, desde aquel espacio tácito que terminó  convirtiéndose en un centro urbano con un elemento clave: la plaza. Este fue el elemento de  significación de la ciudad colonial y el ordenador de cada conjunto urbano de la fundación   hispanoamericana, y tal generalidad es común y se consolida como un patrón que va repitiéndose  en todos los núcleos de población. El análisis tipológico de la plaza es trascendental para entender  su evolución y transformación no solo como elemento independiente sino también de la ciudad que la compone. La investigación se centra en consolidar y caracterizar la plaza como un “tipo” y sus  variables (forma, ubicación, usos y arquitectura a su alrededor). Escoger este espacio para el   análisis demuestra la trascendencia de aquel vacío dentro de las ciudades densas actuales, la  escogencia de estos tres siglos limita el ejercicio en la búsqueda de parámetros de comparación y  clasificación como herencia de la cultura española dentro del territorio. Esta clase de estudios  tipológicos demuestran la relevancia de la formación de centros urbanos inéditos que transformaron para siempre el territorio indígena, y que aún hoy son imprescindibles en la lectura de la ciudad,  que se siguió configurando a través de aquel patrón.
Revisión epistemológica de nuevas tipologías urbanas para la identificación de mini ciudades en América Central
Authors: Acosta Schnell Sabrine
Published: September 2017

Las mini ciudades en Centroamérica son nuevas tipologías urbanas que se pueden identificar como proyectos de uso mixto con espacios residenciales, comerciales y de entretenimiento, de iniciativa privada. La novedad de esta tipología urbana sugiere un acercamiento desde la  geografía urbana ya que no se han investigado previamente. Este es el objetivo principal de esta revisión epistemológica sobre los abordajes de tipologías urbanas como barrios cerrados, centros  comerciales y parques temáticos para intentar caracterizar las mini ciudades centroamericanas. Esta revisión bibliográfica hace parte de una tesis doctoral que aborda la temática  específicamente para el caso costarricense y guatemalteco. La revisión bibliográfica no pretendió ser exhaustiva ni profunda sino crítica y con carácter de diagnóstico. Se señalan seis líneas temáticas que incluyen: i) las discusiones sobre el riesgo de simplificar la teoría de las tipologías urbanas a todo el continente americano; ii) los análisis de las ciudades con un amplio recorte histórico, desde la antigüedad hasta las actuales tendencias; iii) las búsquedas de la definición de ciudad; iv) las investigaciones sobre los centros comerciales y parques temáticos que emulan ser mini ciudades; v) abordajes de la reorganización del espacio urbano y su constante carácter dinámico; vi) los faltantes (gaps) en la teoría de la geografía urbana centroamericana,  específicamente sobre las recientes mini ciudades. Se concluye reflexionando sobre la necesidad de aportar un análisis específico sobre las mini ciudades como nuevas tipologías urbanas en Centroamérica.
Nano-colloidal carrier via polymeric coating for oral delivery of isradipine
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Chaudhary Hema , Kamboj Anjoo
Published: September 2017

Our research objective was to develop, characterize, and optimize stable form of nano-colloidal carrier with Eudragit-coated solid lipid nanobioparticles (SLNbp) for oral delivery of isradipine (ISR). To achieve, a three factors, i.e., lipid-to-surfactant ratio (A, % w/w), Eudragit L100 (B, % w/w), and sonication time (C, minutes) at three levels (−1 and +1 levels of quality central level) was applied to develop SLNbp using response surface methodology at constant ratio of ISR and rutin. The second-order polynomial quadratic equations of responses [R1, R2, and R3; entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, and drug release] were constructed and also plotted response surface (two- and three-dimensional) plots. The derived polynomial equation and 2D and 3D model were showed the relationship between the responses of the selected independent variables (A, B, and C). The model validation and optimization was performed by numerical checkpoint analysis to predict the optimized solid lipid nanobioparticle formulas (ONbp 1–10). The optimized formulations prepared and during evaluation ONbp 3 has better smaller particle size (106 nm), sustainable release (95.61% up to 40 h), higher EE (97.85%), and drug content (99.92% ± 0.08%) during 3-month storage showed good stability. Therefore, its performance can be considered for further development of stable oral drug delivery system of ISR.
A kézátültetés története: fejlődés a műtéti technikában, a gyógyszeres kezelésben és az átültetett kezek túlélésében. Irodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Bíró Vilmos
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

The author summarizes briefly the history of hand allograft transplantation, the basics of the operative technics, and the medicinal treatment of the immunosuppression. He establishes that this operation requires complicated team-work: many specialists must be united in the interest of the successful final outcome. The biggest problem is not the technical challenge of the complicated operation, but the ineffectiveness of immunosuppression, its complications; even though significant development has happened in this field and experimental results are also encouraging. The author discusses these questions in this publication in the mirror of literature data. He states, that a successful hand transplantation, with its sensory and motoric functions can increase quality of life, in contrast with the ortheses. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(38): 1483–1487.