bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baśń i prawda w opowiadaniach Antoniny Domańskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Ługowska Jolanta
Published: November 2021

A Fable and the Truth in Antonina Domańska’s Short Stories Antonina Domańska’s work is distinguished by a great variety of applied genological patterns, which include: a historical novel, a historical short story, a contemporary drama short story, a fable, a legend and a belief tale. Particular genres may be categorised into two communication models present in the 19th century literature for children and young adults. One of them was connected with ‘telling tales’ (using fiction), while the other one consisted in ‘story-telling’, understood as conveying facts that could be verified through empirical experience. Truth and fiction in Domanska’s literary output turn out to be certain poles, between which the world depicted in her narrative works spreads. What seems to be typical of this kind of writing style is the tendency to maintain an ideological and aesthetic coherence of the created world, which is reflected in the characteristic closeness between events and images constructed by means of various genotypes. Thus, the world of fables (a collection Przy kominku) finds its counterpart in the real world, while the real world (depicted especially in historical works) is complemented by images and motifs from the fable tradition. As a result, the fable compensation acquires roots in social reality and psychological motivation, while literary images of the past are enriched by folklore motifs referring to old folk beliefs and concepts.
Efficacy and Safety of Innovative Experimental Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells versus Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL): Matching Adjusted Indirect Comparisons (MAICs) and Systematic Review
Authors: Weinstein Bayarmagnai , Muresan Bogdan , Solano Sara , Vaz de Macedo Antonio , Lee YoonJung , Su Yu-Chen , Ahn Yeseul , Henriquez Gabriela , Carmago Christina , Kim Gwang-Jin , Carpenter David O.
Published: November 2021

Despite favorable results of CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL), several challenges remain, including incomplete response, immune-mediated toxicity, and antigen-loss relapse. We delineated the relative clinical benefit of the novel approaches compared to the currently approved CAR T-cell therapies. In the absence of head-to-head comparisons and randomized controlled trials, we performed Matching Adjusted Indirect Comparisons to quantify the relative efficacy and safety of experimental CARs against Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), the first FDA-approved CAR. A total of 182 R/R LBCL patients from 15 clinical trials with individual patient data (IPD) were pooled into eight populations by their CAR T-cell constructs and +/- ASCT status. The study endpoints were Progression-Free Survival (PFS), grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and grade ≥ 3 neurotoxicity (NT). Tandem CD19.CD20.4-1BBζ CARs indicated favorable efﬁcacy and safety, whereas the co-infusion of CD19 & CD20 with 4-1BBζ showed no clinical benefit compared to Yescarta. Third generation CD19. CD28. 4-1BBζ, and sequential administration of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and CD19. CARs presented statistically insignificant yet improved PFS and safety except for ASCT combined intervention which had suggestively higher NT risk than Yescarta. CARs with modified co-stimulatory domains to reduce toxicity (Hu19. CD8.28Zζ and CD19. BBz.86ζ) presented remarkable safety with no severe adverse events; however, both presented worse PFS than Yescarta. Third-generation CARs demonstrated statistically significantly lower NT than Yescarta. CD20. 4-1BBζ data suggested targeting CD20 antigen alone lacks clinical or safety benefit compared to Yescarta. Further comparisons with other FDA-approved CARs are needed.
Walking: A Quiet Participation in Place
Authors: Markle Josh , Pelech Sharon
Published: November 2021

We reflect on experiences we have had working, living and walking alongside our students. We interpret these experiences to reveal the silences at play as we walk stories into being together and attune ourselves to the places we both create and inhabit. We ground our exploration of the connection between walking and curriculum in life writing and literary métissage (Hasebe-Ludt et al., 2009). Throughout, we draw inspiration from Abram (1996) to explore the notion of walking as quiet participation, which we characterize as a bodily attunement toward each other and the more-than-human world, and we point to its possibilities for how we work and live alongside one another.
Ethical Rules of the Audit Profession and the Role of Compliance in Narrowing the Expectations Gap between Auditors and Financial Statements Users
Authors: Al qtaish Hasan
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to identify the ethical rules of the audit profession and the role of its commitment in narrowing the expectation gap from the point of view of auditors in Jordan. For the purposes of collecting information related to the subject of the study, the researcher used a questionnaire directed to a sample of 44 auditors all subjected to analysis, and the researcher used descriptive statistical methods, and tested (T-test) for a single sample to test hypotheses. One of the results of the study included the role of auditors to adhere to the ethical rules of the audit profession (integrity, propriety, independence, competence, due professional care, and confidentiality of information) and to a high degree in narrowing the expectation gap. The researcher provided a range of recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for supervisors and regulators of the audit profession to hold conferences, training courses, workshops and seminars with the aim of increasing communication, educating and sensitizing users of financial statements on the nature of the work and duties of auditors to reduce the expectation gap. The need to strengthen the auditors' commitment to audit standards in general and the ethics of the audit profession and the rules of professional conduct in particular through the development of scientific curricula and study plans in the accounting departments of Jordanian universities
ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ МАЛОГО ТА СЕРЕДНЬОГО БІЗНЕСУ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТА ФІНАНСОВУ СПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД РІЗНИХ РІВНІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Sushkova Olena , Osadchyi Ievgenii
Published: November 2021

У дослідженні проведено оцінку впливу діяльності суб’єктів малого та середнього бізнесу на ключові показники економічного розвитку та рівня фінансової спроможності органів місцевого самоврядування різних рівнів в Україні. Здійснено аналіз участі суб’єктів малого та середнього бізнесу в економічному розвитку територіальних громад різних рівнів в Україні через призму показників їхньої економічної активності (обсяги реалізованої продукції, послуг, кількість зайнятих, рівень прибутковості) та сплачених ними податків до місцевих бюджетів. Доведено, що разом малий та середній бізнес займає значну частку бізнес-середовища України, а також відіграють важливу роль у сприянні соціально-економічного розвитку та підвищенні фінансової забезпеченості територіальних громад різних рівнів, а для західних регіонів України становлять основу їхнього економічного розвитку, що варто враховувати при розробці стратегії SMART спеціалізації регіонів. Обґрунтовано, що маючи владні повноваження та фінансові ресурси, місцеві органи самоврядування повинні спрямувати зусилля на стимулювання точок зростання, що підтримують покращення інфраструктури та бізнес-клімату в регіоні, впровадження інновацій та розвиток нового виробництва суб’єктами малого та середнього бізнесу.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО АНАЛІЗУ ТА ЙОГО РОЛЬ У ПРИЙНЯТТІ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Samiilenko Halyna , Viter Alina
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто основні підходи до розуміння сутності поняття «управлінський аналіз» та їх комбінації, сформульовано його особливості. Визначені такі сутнісні складові управлінського аналізу, як мета, завдання, предмет, об’єкт, суб’єкт, користувачі, функції, що дає можливість його виділення в самостійну галузь знань та напрям практичної діяльності. Розглянуто методологічну базу управлінського аналізу, з’ясовано її направленість на отримання чисельної аналітичної інформації, альтернативних варіантів рішень та залежність від бізнес-процесів, стратегії та системи управління підприємством. У межах дослідження методологічних засад управлінського аналізу систематизовано методи та сформульовано його базові принципи, поєднання яких слід вважати основою методології. З’ясовано провідну роль та визначальне місце управлінського аналізу в процесі прийняття управлінських рішень.
РАЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ВОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЯКІСНОЮ ПИТНОЮ ВОДОЮ, ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЗДОРОВ’Я ТА ТРИВАЛОСТІ ЖИТТЯ
Authors: Kychko Iryna , Kholodnytska Alla
Published: November 2021

У статті обґрунтовано, що якість водних ресурсів є одним із вагомих чинників тривалості життя. Систематизовано джерела забруднення водних ресурсів України, розглянуто категорії стічних вод у розрізі ступеня їх очищення. Обґрунтовано за допомогою емпіричних, статистичних методів, а також порівняння, систематизації та узагальнення вплив рівня забруднення водних ресурсів на демографічні процеси та розроблено коригуючі заходи водокористування щодо запобігання погіршення якості води, негативних наслідків споживання населенням водних ресурсів. Визначено, що для покращення екологічних показників водних ресурсів України необхідно вирішити такі завдання, як зменшити рівень забруднення стічних вод шляхом реконструкції і ремонту каналізаційних мереж і споруд та використання сучасних технологій очистки води; сприяти на державному рівні формуванню екологічних потреб, що може суттєво зменшити рівень забруднення; створювати програми стимулювання соціальної відповідальності бізнесу за допомогою фінансових, адміністративних важелів
Facilitated Release of Doxorubicin from Biodegradable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Venedicto Melissa , Lai Cheng-Yu
Published: November 2021

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death for women in the United States. The current treatment with chemotherapy drugs has significant side effects and may cause harm to healthy cells rather than cancer cells. In order to combat the potential side effects, nanoparticles composed of mesoporous silica were created to house the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The silica network contains the drug, and a pH study was conducted to determine the conditions for the nanoparticle to disperse the drug. The introduction of disulfide bonds within the nanoparticle created a framework to efficiently release 97% of DOX in acidic environments and 40% release in neutral environments. The denotation of acidic versus neutral environments was important as cancer cells are typically acidic. The chemistry was proved with the incubation of the loaded nanoparticle into HeLa cells for a cytotoxicity report and confocal imaging. The use of the framework for the anticancer drug was shown to be effective for the killing of cancerous cells.
O campo intelectual no Brasil nas décadas de 1960 e 1970: a “estrutura cultural conservadora”, as universidades e as esquerdas
Authors: Cunha Diogo
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é identificar os atores, individuais e institucionais, do campo intelectual no Brasil, e analisar o seu processo de autonomização nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Para isso, dividimos o texto em três partes. Analisaremos, inicialmente, o intelectual tradicional e as instituições culturais a eles ligadas. Em seguida, examinaremos os artistas de esquerda e a ascensão de uma cultura de esquerda engajada cujo apogeu se situa durante a ditadura militar. Finalmente, veremos as transformações no âmbito das universidades federais e o surgimento de um novo tipo de intelectual, o professor pesquisador. As análises mostraram, em primeiro lugar, a necessidade de ir além de uma concepção bourdieusiana para melhor compreender a ação dos distintos atores do campo intelectual, privilegiando abordagens que deem conta da formação de redes intelectuais. Mostraram também que cada setor da intelectualidade estudado neste artigo manteve uma relação distinta com o poder. Grande parte dos artistas de esquerda, assim como os professores pesquisadores mantiveram uma autonomia com relação ao poder, embora para estes últimos a relação tenha sido mais complexa uma vez que sua emergência está estritamente ligada à política universitária da ditadura militar. Finalmente, os intelectuais tradicionais, embora em franca perda de prestígio e de legitimidade, ainda detinham um poder importante, menos por causa de critérios propriamente intelectuais do que pela seu acesso aos meios de comunicação e aos postos estratégicos do Estado.
Engrenagens de uma maquinaria repressiva: considerações sobre o Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964
Authors: Porfírio Pablo Francisco de Andrade
Published: November 2021

Este artigo investiga como o Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964 foi vivenciado na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, centro de atuação dos principais movimentos sociais do período. O relato de memória do trabalhador aposentado José Sebastião foi tomado como fio condutor desta narrativa. Ele oferece indícios sobre o operativo civil e militar que funcionou naquela região antes e durante o movimento golpista. As informações produzidas pela memória foram cotejadas com outras fontes documentais, como imprensa, relatórios administrativos, processos judiciais e mesmo outros relatos orais. Ao fim, buscou-se apresentar aspectos da maquinaria repressiva em funcionamento na Zona canavieira de Pernambuco no início da década de 1960 e problematizar uma invisibilidade da condição dos trabalhadores rurais como vítimas dos militares a partir de 1964.
Como o negro aparece? Formulações gerais sobre a presença do negro nos livros didáticos de história do Ensino Médio
Authors: Silva Humberto Rafael de Andrade
Published: November 2021

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a iconografia relacionada à temática afrobrasileira nas dezenove coleções aprovadas pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático, nos anos de 2012 a 2014. Para isso, procedeu-se a catalogação das imagens em Microsoft Excel identificando seus aspectos materiais (as informações que o livro fornece da imagem) e de contexto (localização da imagem no interior da publicação, relação da imagem com o texto verbal, além de observações feitas sobre peculiaridades das coleções).
A história da imigração italiana no Rio Grande do Sul em álbuns comemorativos
Authors: Lima Tatiane de
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo propõe um breve estudo comparado entre três álbuns comemorativos dedicados à imigração italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Queremos, a partir da comparação, identificar e analisar as semelhanças e diferenças que há na história da imigração italiana que é contada em cada um destes suportes de memória.
Trigeminal paresthesia secondary to responsive neurostimulation (RNS) lead migration
Authors: Haneef Zulfi , Karimov Alexandr , Krishnan Vaishnav , Sheth Sameer A.
Published: November 2021

Background:

The responsive neurostimulation system (RNS) is used in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for surgical resection of a seizure focus. As a relatively new therapy option, the adverse effects of long-term implantation are still being clarified. We present a series of two patients who presented with similar symptoms which were attributable to migration of the intracranially implanted subdural leads.

Case Description:

Two patients who had subdural RNS lead implantation presented with symptoms of paroxysmal unilateral facial pain which were thought to be related to the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve secondary to RNS lead migration. Adjustment of the stimulation parameters improved the symptoms in both patients.

Conclusion:

Chronically implanted subdural RNS leads can migrate over time stimulating nerves in the intracranial space. Strategies to avoid and overcome the complication are discussed.
Extremely tortuous superior cerebellar artery mimicking an aneurysm
Authors: Matsuda Megumi , Endo Hideki , Ishikawa Kohei , Nomura Ryota , Ishizuka Tomoaki , Oka Koji , Nakamura Hirohiko
Published: November 2021

Background:

An extremely tortuous superior cerebellar artery is a rare anomaly. We report a case of an extremely tortuous superior cerebellar artery mimicking an aneurysm.

Case Description:

A 77-year-old woman was initially diagnosed with unruptured cerebral aneurysm at the right basilar artery-superior cerebellar artery junction by magnetic resonance angiography. Catheter angiogram revealed that there was no apparent aneurysm at the basilar artery-superior cerebellar artery junction and the lesion was actually an extremely tortuous superior cerebellar artery.

Conclusion:

Although an extremely tortuous superior cerebellar artery is rare, it should be considered when examining other vascular lesions.
Eficiencia de absorción en postlarvas de camarón blanco del Pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei, alimentadas con una dieta de levadura marina de marismas de manglar
Authors: Colon Velásquez Patricio , Solorzano-Reyes Fulvia
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio investigó la levadura marina como fuente de alimento en el camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei. Se determinó la eficiencia de absorción de levaduras midiendo la proporción de materia orgánica asimilada por las postlarvas de camarón. La levadura marina se aisló y se propagó en laboratorio a partir de una muestra de sedimento obtenida en una marisma de manglar. Seis etapas de desarrollo de postlarvas de camarón, desde PL-5 días hasta PL-35 días fueron alimentadas exclusivamente con tres concentraciones de levaduras (1,5 × 105, 3 × 105, 5 × 105 cel/mL). El promedio general de la absorción de levadura fue de 65,85 ± 11,42 %. El análisis de varianza de dos vías ANOVA (p < 0,05) mostró que la eficiencia de absorción de levadura en post-larvas de camarón no se vio afectada por las concentraciones de levaduras; tampoco las concentraciones de levaduras interactuaron con la edad de las postlarvas. La eficiencia de absorción de 67,30 % registrada en postlarvas jóvenes (PL-5 a PL-15) fue significativamente diferente a la absorción registrada en post-larvas de mayor edad (PL-20 a PL-35) con un promedio de 60,21 % (p < 0,05). La eficiencia de absorción relativamente alta de levadura en postlarvas de L. vannamei contribuye a una mejor comprensión del rol de los microorganismos como complemento nutricional en la acuicultura costera.
Hábitos tróficos del lenguado Citharicthys gilberti (Paralichthyidae) y su relación con las dinámica ambiental en la Bahía de Buenaventura, Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Garcia Evelin , Molina Andrés , Duque Guillermo
Published: November 2021

Los lenguados son importantes en el flujo de energía de los estuarios, el cual está influenciado por la dinámica de las variables ecológicas y ambientales de estos ecosistemas. Esta investigación proporciona una evaluación de la influencia que tienen las variaciones ambientales (espaciotemporales) en la dieta de Citharicthys gilberti en la Bahía de Buenaventura. Se examinaron un total de 92 estómagos correspondientes a sitios con diferentes características ambientales dentro de la Bahía. Se determinaron índices de alimentación para hacer una caracterización trófica y evaluar las interacciones entre los hábitos tróficos y las variables ambientales. Los resultados muestran que esta especie es en gran medida un depredador oportunista. Las presas que representaron la mayor importancia relativa dentro de la dieta de C. gilberti fueron los crustáceos y los peces. El consumo de crustáceos fue mayor en la época seca y en la zona externa, siendo influenciado significativamente por variaciones en el pH y la transparencia. Por otra parte, el consumo de peces fue constante todo el año independientemente de las variaciones ambientales. Así mismo, los nematodos y los poliquetos fueron presas secundarias y los huevos y moluscos presas secundarias o accidentales y no presentaron diferencias espaciotemporales. Los peces bentónicos son de vital importancia en el ecosistema estuarino, ya que proporcionan un intercambio energético entre el hábitat demersal y la columna de agua, reflejando no solo los efectos de las variaciones ambientales, sino también, la dinámica de las especies relacionadas tróficamente.
Processing method for recycled uranium-containing water from radioactively contaminated soils treated by hydroseparation
Authors:   JSC “A. A. Bochvar High-Technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”, Mariakhin M. A. , Krapivina М. К. ,   JSC “A. A. Bochvar High-Technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”, Varlakov A. P. ,   JSC “A. A. Bochvar High-Technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”, Germanov A. V. ,   Joint Stock Company “A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”, Varlakova G. A. ,   Joint Stock Company “A.A. Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”
Published: November 2021

The paper focuses on a method used to process the water from the treatment of uranium-contaminated soil resulting from the operation of JSC "AECC" sublimation facilities by hydroseparation, in particular, on its development and testing results. During the tests, the feasibility of recycled water treatment was demonstrated both suggesting the use of membrane and ion exchange methods with process parameters of the treatment stages identified. The study shows the possibility of producing uranium-containing materials in the form of ammonium polyuranates as secondary products of recycled water processing. A schematic diagram of recycled water purification following hydroseparation treatment of soil excluding the generation of radioactive waste was developed based on the results of the research.
Experience in the development and operation of facilities for primary characterization of waste from nuclear facilities
Authors:   JSC VF, Jbanek L.
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on methodological and hardware support of radioactive waste characterization, including the one associated with radiation characteristics of materials measured to support the decision-making on its release from regulatory control. The study provides an assessment of uncertainties and their influence on the measurement results. It presents the experience of the Czech company JSC VF in the development of automated installations allowing to address this problem with some examples of such installations operating in various countries being provided.
Evolution of the Repository in Nizhnekanskiy Massif under the Influence of Climatic Factors
Authors:   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kochkin B. T. , Bogatov S. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saveleva E. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2021

The study identifies climatic factors related to external influences governing the long-term evolution of the RW disposal system at the Yeniseyskiy site. The paper evaluates the current state of knowledge about these factors and indicates most important research areas. These include: paleoclimatic studies in the repository region to clarify the climate history of past geological epochs; quantitative regional climate forecast based on global numerical climate models; special forecasts based on a general climate model of the region allowing, in particular, to clarify the depth of rock mass freezing during ice periods.
L1 Use in EFL Classes with English-only Policy: Insights from Triangulated Data
Authors: Tamimi Sa’d Seyyed Hatam , Qadermazi Zohre
Published: November 2021

This study examines the role of the use of the L1 in EFL classes from the perspective of EFL learners. The triangulated data were collected using class observations, focus group semi-structured interviews and the learners’ written reports of their perceptions and attitudes in a purposedesigned questionnaire. The participants consisted of sixty male IranianEFL learners who constituted three classes. The results indicated a strong tendency among the participants toward L1 and its positive effects on language learning; while only a minority of the learners favoured an Englishonly policy, the majority supported the judicious, limited and occasional use of the L1, particularly on the part of the teacher. The participants mentionedthe advantages as well as the disadvantages of the use/non-use of the L1. While the major advantage and the main purpose of L1 use was said to be the clarification and intelligibility of instructions, grammatical and lexical items, the main advantages of avoiding it were stated as being the improvement of speaking and listening skills, maximizing learners’ exposureto English and their becoming accustomed to it. The study concludes that, overall and in line with the majority of the previous research studies, a judicious, occasional and limited use of the L1 is a better approach to take in EFL classes than to include or exclude it totally. In conclusion, a reexamination of the English-only policy and a reconsideration of the role of the L1 are recommended. Finally, the commonly held assumption that L1 is a hindrance and an impediment to the learners’ language learning is challenged.
Dissection of Mammalian Organs and Opinions about It among Lower and Upper Secondary School Students
Authors: Špernjak Andreja , Šorgo Andrej
Published: November 2021

This article describes the results of a study that investigated the use of the dissection of organs in anatomy and physiology classes in Slovenian lower and upper secondary schools. Based on a sample of 485 questionnaires collected from Slovenian lower and upper secondary school students, we can conclude that dissection of mammalian organs during the courses on Human Anatomy would be a preferred activity for the majority of them. Opinions on such practices are positive, and only a minority of students would prefer to opt out. However, the practice is performed only occasionally in regular classes, or even omitted, and a number of students never participate in it. According to the results, we can suggest the dissection of mammalian organs in combination with alternatives, such as 3D models and virtual laboratories, as a preferred strategy to increase knowledge of anatomy and to raise interest in science. However, students should know that the organs they are dissecting were dedicated to human consumption, or are waste products in these processes. Opt-out options should be provided for those who do not want to participate in such activities.
Promoting Societal-Oriented Communication and Decision Making Skills by Learning about Advertising in Science Education
Authors: Belova Nadja , Eilks Ingo
Published: November 2021

In our everyday lives we are surrounded by advertising in its various forms. Thus in the school context it is not surprising that the issue of advertising is addressed by different subjects, with the main foci being advertising-specific language, images and illustrations, use of stereotypes, strategies of persuasion etc. But advertising also contains factual information, being explicit or implicit, to make a campaign more credible and underline the effectiveness of a certain product. Dealing with the use of factual information in advertising critically is important for the consumer. For many products this information is derived from science and technology. Understanding the science in and behind advertising is necessary to become a critical consumer. Learning about the use of science in advertising also allows promoting societal-oriented communication and decision making skills in the science classroom. Unfortunately, only a few examples on the use of advertising in the science classroom exist. This paper provides a justification for the use of advertising in science education. Examples from the classroom developed in the framework of the PROFILES-project are provided by way of illustration.
Investigating Preschool and Primary School Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Needs in Teaching Science: A Pilot Study
Authors: Walan Susanne , Chang Rundgren Shu-Nu
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the curricula reforms at the levels of preschool and primary school in Sweden have caused new demands on the teachers. In particular, numerous teachers lack the educational training in science subjects. Therefore, this study aims to investigate teachers’ self-efficacy and needs in relation to science teaching. A total of 71 teachers, divided into three groups of preschool, 1-3 grades and 4-6 grades, were invited to join this pilot study. From the EU FP7 project, PROFILES, a Likert scale questionnaire (with scores from 1 to 3 to represent strongly disagree, agree to strongly agree, and I don’t know was scored 0) was used and revised for the data collection in this pilot study. The results showed that the participating teachers had relatively high self-efficacy and no significant differences were found among the three groups of teachers. However, even though the teachers had high self-efficacy, the needs of further education were expressed by the teachers to a large extent. In particular, the group of preschool teachers addressed the need for more content knowledge (CK) in physics and chemistry (>41%). In terms of the groups of 1-3 and 4-6 grades teachers, the needs relating to scientific literacy were revealed, with a focus on engaging students in socio-scientific problems (52%, 56%) and assessment (44%, 61%). The implication of this study is discussed in the hope to contribute to teachers’ professional development for both pre- and in-serviceteachers in science education.
The (Un)Attractiveness of Vocational and Technical Education: Theoretical Background
Authors: Lovšin Miha
Published: November 2021

This paper considers the problem of the lack of attractiveness of vocational and technical education via a review of legislation on counselling practices, implementing documents, and the social factors by means of which the education system can influence the individual’s decision. It is apparent that legislation regulating the organisation and content of career counselling services in educational sector is inadequate. The organisation of career counselling at the level of implementation is also inadequate. Counsellors advise individuals on the basis of their academic results and the results of aptitude tests. Counselling practices deriving from theories that place career planning and management skills in the foreground are more rarely represented. Theories that treat career decisions as a social process show that at the level of the student population the choice of the type of school is a rational decision based primarily on the economic position and level of education to which a specific educational pathway is generally supposed to lead. The lower attractiveness of vocational and technical education coincides with the fact that representatives of lower social classes have a weaker economic position and more frequently have vocational and technical education qualifications than representatives of higher social classes. Nevertheless, the trend of high unemployment among young people with academic qualifications, which opposite of the traditional situation, indicates that it will be necessary to include career planning and management skills in the educational contents of institutionalised and formal education as a whole.
Overcoming the Obstacle of Poor Knowledge in Proving Geometry Tasks
Authors: Magajna Zlatan
Published: November 2021

Proving in school geometry is not just about validating the truth of a claim. In the school setting, the main function of the proof is to convince someone that a claim is true by providing an explanation. Students consider proving to be difficult; in fact, they find the very concept of proof demanding. Proving a claim in planar geometry involves several processes, the most salient being visual observation and deductive argumentation. These two processes are interwoven, but often poor observation hinders deductive argumentation. In the present article, we consider the possibility of overcoming the obstacle of a student’s poor observation by making use of computer-aided observation with appropriate software. We present the results of two small-scale research projects, both of which indicate that students are able to work out considerably more deductions if computer-aided observation is used. Not all students use computer-aided observation effectively in proving tasks: some find an exhaustive computer-provided list of properties confusing and are not able to choose the properties that are relevant to the task.
The Complexity of Policy Mirroring: The Connection between International and Slovenian Higher Education Policy Discourse
Authors: Komljenovič Janja
Published: November 2021

The contemporary economic imaginary of the ‘knowledge-based economy’ is changing the perception of higher education in Europe. The goals of higher education are changing and reform of institutions is predicted. The present article examines these reforms and conceptualisations of higher education by presenting the results of discourse analysis of 47  international policy documents at the European level and two comprehensive national strategies of the Republic of Slovenia for higher education, research and innovation. Based on the analysis of the European documents, the article suggests that two main discourses are constructed: a) ‘the research-based society and economy’, and b) ‘reforming the university’. These present the emergence of a new idea of higher education at the international and national levels. The article investigates the extent to which these discourses are present in Slovenian higher education policy. The findings show that Slovenian discourse hesitates to embrace them fully. In particular, the idea of the managerial university is marginal in Slovenian discourse.
Project Activities and Encouraging Critical Thinking: Exploring Teachers’ Attitudes
Authors: Pejić Papak Petra , Vujičić Lidija , Ivković Željka
Published: November 2021

The contemporary education process frequently emphasises the importance of teaching and learning by focusing teaching activities towards research and collaborative work, the encouragement of critical thinking, the creative  and productive application of knowledge, an active approach to the teaching content, and solving specific problems in project activities. A survey was conducted on a sample of 220 elementary school teachers from three counties in Croatia (Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Lika-Senj, and Istria) regarding the frequency of implementing project activities that encourage critical thinking in pupils. The objectives of the research were to determine the regularity of implementing project activities at the class level and at the level of the entire school, and to examine possible differences between teachers who estimated regular implementation of project activities in their schools and those who estimated the levels of irregular implementation of project activities, in the application of contemporary work strategies, as well as in the attitudes on the contemporary paradigm of childhood and the education process. The research results showed that the majority of teachers estimated that project activities were carried out regularly at their school (66.5% on a class level and65% on a school level). Teachers who reported the regular implementation of project activities at the class level and at the school level more frequently applied contemporary work strategies and techniques of critical thinking than their colleagues did. The research results also indicated that those teachers more frequently use established approaches to the educational process (teacher should explain, exhibit facts, and point out important conclusions) than their colleagues do. There were no statistically significant differences in contemporary attitudes between the two groups of teachers. Since the objective behind the implementation of project activities was to create the knowledge that, in the creative act, boundaries of the known or tried are transcended in the direction of new and expanded knowledge, importance should be given to the role of teachers in promoting the development of critical thinking and guiding pupils to explore and discover new knowledge.
The Pluralisation of Family Life: Implications for Preschool Education
Authors: Kovač Šebart Mojca , Kuhar Roman
Published: November 2021

The article takes as its starting point the public debate about the newly proposed Family Code in Slovenia in 2009. Inter alia, the Code introduced a new, inclusive definition of the family in accordance with the contemporary pluralisation of family life. This raised a number of questions about how – if at all – various families are addressed in the process of preschooleducation in public preschools in Slovenia. We maintain that the family is the child’s most important frame of reference. It is therefore necessary for the preschool community to respect family plurality and treat it as such in everyday life and work. In addition, preschool teachers and preschool teacher assistants are bound by the formal framework and the current curriculum, which specifies that children in preschools must be acquainted with various forms of families and family communities. This also implies that parents – despite their right to educate their children in accordance with their religious and philosophical convictions – have no right to interfere in the educational process and insist on their particular values, such as the demand that some family forms remain unmentioned.
Teacher Development in Slovenia for Teaching Foreign Languages at the Primary Level
Authors: Brumen Mihaela , Dagarin Fojkar Mateja
Published: November 2021

The introduction of foreign languages into the first three-year cycle of primary school has spurred the need for qualified teachers, and is one of the main discussion points among experts in foreign language teaching. Most of the contemporary studies report that there is a global gap between the supply of qualified teachers of foreign languages to young learners and the demand for them as programmes expand. These studies emphasize the paramount importance in assuring the quality of early foreign language instruction. Therefore, the authors of this paper first present some of the models of initial and in-service training of teachers of foreign languages to young learners across the world and then focus on a more in-depth presentation and analysis of the training of teachers of foreign languages at the primary level in Slovenia. All the existing national programmes for teacher development are compared and discussed. Finally, some guidelines and recommendations are given regarding training teachers to teach foreign languages to young learners.
Reading Ability, Reading Fluency and Orthographic Skills: The Case of L1 Slovene English as a Foreign Language Students
Authors: Erbeli Florina , Pižorn Karmen
Published: November 2021

This study examined the difference between less-skilled and skilled L1 Slovene English as foreign language (EFL) students in foreign language (L2) fluency and L2 orthographic skills; 93 less-skilled Grade 7 L1 Slovene students and 102 skilled Grade 7 L1 Slovene students participated in the study. The results showed that skilled readers performed better in all fluency and orthographic skills tasks, as the differences between groups were statistically significant. The correlations among all variables showed that L2 fluency and L2 orthographic skills are positively interrelated among both groups, suggesting that higher L2 fluency scores are associated with higher L2 orthography scores. This outcome implies that less-skilled readers need to be greatly exposed to L2 language and be ensured necessaryopportunities in- or outside the classroom in L2 learning.
Exploring the Link between Achievement Goals, Motivation, and Parental Expectations among University Students in Kosovo
Authors: Grajcevci Albulene , Shala Arif
Published: November 2021

This paper sheds light on the link between achievement goals, motivation, and parental expectations in a sample of 600 students attending higher education institutions in Kosovo. Aside from exploring the stipulated link between the constructs, the research aims to discover whether cultural differences mediate expected results. The results proved that the masteryof goals positively correlates to intrinsic motivation in addition to which curiosity as a subscale of intrinsic motivation positively predicted preferences for the mastery of goals. As expected, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals, correlated to extrinsic motivation with extrinsic motivation, successfully predict preferences for both types of performancegoals. The data proved that among students in Kosovo, all types of goals correlated to intrinsic motivation. Achievement goals were differentiated in extrinsic motivation with mastery goals correlating rather weakly to only one subscale of extrinsic motivation.
The Curricular Reform of Art Education in Primary School in Slovenia in Terms of Certain Components of the European Competence of Cultural Awareness and Expression
Authors: Bračun Sova Rajka , Kemperl Metoda
Published: November 2021

One of the important positions of the last curricular reform in Slovenia, which included systemic issues of education (White Paper on Education, 2011) and curricula for compulsory subjects in primary school, is the fact that Slovenia has been integrated into Europe, and thus education should also include the development of core European competences. One such competence is cultural awareness and expression, which until now has been an issue more in the context of cultural policies than school policies in Slovenia. The purpose of the present article is to critically analyse the curricular reform of art education (i.e., visual art education), through which, in terms of certain components of the competence of cultural awareness and expression, it is foreseen that the student will gain a knowledge of art, develop an ability to experience works of art and develop a creative attitude towards art and heritage.Because the starting point and goal of curricular change is the curriculum, our analysis is derived from curriculum theories, and not from the art theories and pedagogical theories that have predominantly framed previous attempts at curriculum analysis. Critical consideration of the curricular reform of art education in primary school in terms of certain components of the competence of cultural awareness and expression was undertaken by comparing curricula in the field of aesthetic education. We compared art education with music education and literature within the Slovenian language curriculum. Qualitative analysis showed that, despite the reform, the curriculum for arts education does not realise selected components of the competence of cultural awareness and expression, largely due to the curriculum’s conceptual structure. Art education is centred principally on art-making activities, with an obviousneglect of appreciation. The integration of arts subjects at school, as proposed by the White Paper, is therefore not possible, due to the existing model of art education. From a practical point of view, the analysis also raised the question of the knowledge and competences of teachers.
Student Engagement with a Science Simulation: Aspects that Matter
Authors: Rodrigues Susan , Gvozdenko Eugene
Published: November 2021

It is argued that multimedia technology affords an opportunity to better visualise complex relationships often seen in chemistry. This paper describes the influence of chemistry simulation design facets on user progress through a simulation. Three versions of an acid-base titration simulation were randomly allocated to 36 volunteers to examine their interactions with the simulation. The impact of design alterations on the total number of interactions and their patterns was analysed for the following factors: (a) the place of a feature on the screen, (b) alignment of the sequence of instructions, (c) additional instruction before the simulation, (d) interactivity of a feature. Additionally, interactions between individualfactors, such as age, prior experience with science simulations and computer games, perception of the difficulty of science simulations, and general subject knowledge, on one hand, and the efficiency of using the simulation, on the other hand, were examined. The findings suggest that: (a) centrality of the position of an element significantly affects thenumber of interactions with the element, (b) re-arranging the sequence of instructions on the screen in left-to-right order improves the following of instructions, (c) providing users with additional written advice to follow numbered instructions does not have a significant impact on student behaviour, (d) interactivity of a feature was found to have a strong positivecorrelation  with the number of interactions with that feature, which warrants a caution about unnecessary interactivity that may hinder simulation efficiency. Surprisingly, neither prior knowledge of chemistry nor the age of the participants had a significant effect on either the number of interactions or the ability to follow on-screen instructions.
A Case Study of Albania’s Participation in PISA 2009
Authors: Harizaj Alfons
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a view of the results and progress of Albania in the Programme for International Students’ Assessments 2009 (PISA 2009). The overall goal and objectives of PISA are to offer support and expertise in the field of the evaluation of educational development factors in Albania. One of the methods successfully used for monitoring the achievedprogress during the given study period was the estimation and comparison of results with the results of previous PISA participations. A broader comparison of these statistics with those of other PISA participants in the Albanian region provides a real picture of the situation, showing the progress Albania has made and indicating how effective Albania’s educationalpolicies are.
Coleman’s Third Report
Authors: Šimenc Marjan , Štraus Mojca
Published: November 2021

The article analyses the (third) Coleman Report on private and public schools. The report scrutinises the relationship between private and public schools and shows that private school students show better academic achievement. Coleman concluded that these findings provided a strong argument in favour of public financial support for private schools. However,he identified a number of school characteristics that he believed to be related to student achievement. According to his analysis, these characteristics were not limited to privateschools; public schools exhibiting the same characteristics also had good results. Coleman interpreted the available data in favour of financial aid to private schools, although this was not the only possible interpretation. An alternative conclusion would have been to encourage these characteristics in public schools. Why did Coleman disregard this possibility? Why did he deviate from his usual scientific rigour? The present article suggests that there appear to be two reasons for the narrow interpretation of the relationship between public and private schools in Coleman’s third report. The first lies in Coleman’s notion of contemporary society as a constructed system in which every individual actor holds a place in the structure and requires incentives in order to act to the benefit of society. In the case of education, the goal of the institution is to ensure the high cognitive achievement of students, and the incentive is related to choice and competition. The second reason is related to Coleman’s vision of sociology as a discipline aiding the construction of an effective society.