bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI METODE FOAM-MAT DRYING DALAM PEMBUATAN BUBUK SUSU KEDELAI INSTAN
Authors: Purbasari Dian
Published: September 2019

As one of the products from soybean, soybean milk is widely known and appreciated by the public because of its benefits for health. Problems are often encountered in the processing of liquid soybean milk, such as short shelf life of it and easy to loss of quality. One alternative treatment that can extend the shelf life is to turn it into an instant soybean milk powder by drying method. Making instant soybean milk powder in this study used a foam-mat drying method. The purpose of this research was to study the application of foam-mat drying method on the characteristic (quality) of instan soybean milk powder produced. The results showed that the best treatment according to the drying time parameters was at 10% dextrin and 1% Tween 80. Physical characteristics of instant soybean milk powder had the highest yield values (16.10%) at a drying temperature of 60°C, the value of lightness (L) about 84.2; value of redness (a) about 1.3; yellowish value (b) about 24,and water absorption (DSA) of 1.68 mL/g. Chemical analysis resulted that water content of 3.05% at the drying temperature of 70°C, while the highest protein content at the drying temperature of 60°C amounted to 17.34% and the highest fat content about 11.36% at drying temperature of 50°C.

Keywords: foam-mat drying, instant, shelf life, soybean milk
PENERIMAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP LIQUID BODY SOAP EKSTRAK TEMBAKAU DAN ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSINYA
Authors: Wiyono Andi Eko , Amilia Winda , Suryaningrat Ida Bagus
Published: September 2019

Liquid body soap is one of the soap products made from a mixture of oil and alkali in liquid form. Addition of tobacco extracts produces liquid body soap which has new characteristics. The existence of tobacco waste extracts can affect the level of consumer acceptance. The level of acceptance of panelists can be measured using hedonic testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding tobacco waste extract to the reception of liquid body soap sensory quality attributes and calculating the cost of production. This research was conducted in two steps. The first stage was intended to determine the best formula based on panelists' acceptance. The design that has been used was the single factor Complete Random Design. The factors used in this study were variations in tobacco extract as much as 5%, 10%, and 15%. In the next stage, the cost of production was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of tobacco waste extract had no significant effect on panelists' acceptance of the sensory quality attributes of liquid body soap. The best treatment was obtained from the addition of tobacco waste extract as much as 5%. The cost of producing liquid body soap was Rp. 9.075,44. Consecutive total costs/ year, selling price, annual profit., and R / C ratio was Rp. 984.023.244,-; Rp. 11.000, -; Rp. 208.673.756,-; and 1,21.

Keywords: panelists, tobacco extracts, sensory quality, cost of production
Resolution of the Measurement Problem from a Quantum Gravity Perspective
Authors: Marongwe Stuart
Published: September 2019

Recent advances in the theory of quantum gravity show that the Ricci flow serves as the time evolution operator for the vacuum energy density and that in the presence of baryonic matter, the Ricci flow is analogous to the heat equation in the presence of a heat sink. Here we show using the equations of quantum gravity, that quantum information can be modelled as a thermal fluid consisting of a superposition of weakly excited eigenstates of a quantum field and that each eigenstate vector has an associated eigenstate potential well. The depth of the potential well depends on the amplitude of the eigenstate vector. Measurement is then considered as a selection by tuning process which only allows an eigenstate resonating with the detector to be detected. During the detection process, the resonating eigenstate vector increases in amplitude, deepening its potential well such that the other weakly excited states rapidly drain their small excitation energies into it via the principle of minimum action. This draining process is the act of collapsing the wave function to a specific state. Also, the presence of the eigenstate potential wells is what cancels out the infinities from high energy interactions.
Effects of Al2O3 Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of CoCr Alloys
Authors: Hong Qin , Bai Peikang , Wang Jianhong
Published: September 2019

In typical Cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys powders, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powder can be added. In the present study, we successfully prepared alloyed samples of various powder ratios by laser cladding, and analyzed their microstructure and carbide structural characteristics, including microhardness, biological properties, morphology (using scanning electron microscopy), and crystal structure (using X-ray powder diffraction). Elemental distribution was also determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectral analysis. The results showed that Al2O3 addition caused the alloy to change from slender columnar crystals to columnar grains similar, to equiaxed grains. In addition, Al2O3 agglomeration zones appeared, and carbide structures were altered. The mechanism of the observed performance changes was also analyzed.
Model Pengkuran Kinerja Lembaga Zakat di Indonesia
Authors: Bastiar Yandi , Bahri Efri Syamsul
Published: September 2019

Seeing the tasks of zakat institutions that are so complex, certainly indicates that the performance of zakat institutions need special attention to be evaluated in terms of management of zakat funds. Because zakat has a strategic role to assist the government in poverty alleviation programs and development programs. This study aims to explain the model of zakat institution performance measurement. The models described in this study consist of National Zakat Index (IZN), Zakat Village Index (IDZ), Center of Islamic Business and Economic Studies (CIBEST), Balance Scorecard, Indonesia Magnificence of Zakat (IMZ) and International Standard of Zakat Management (ISZM). The method used in this study is Library Research, and from the results of this study shows that each measurement model has the characteristics of each with different measurement methods with each other.
MEMAHAMI POLA PEMBAHARUAN PAHAM KEPEMIMPINAN MANAJEMEN PERWAKAFAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: ABDULLAH JUNAIDI , Aristoni Aristoni
Published: September 2019

The tradition of the Indonesian Islamic community who tend to interpret the waqf as ibadahtabarru 'which has dimensions that are sunnah Award, in the realm of implementation are still heavily influenced understand professed by the majority of society itself, the local customs. In addition, it is also influenced by religious ideology, which is a habit to take legal actions, especially on the ground perwakafan orally on the basis of mutual trust to a particular person or institution, and this practice many people do before the Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Regulation of Agrarian and Government Regulation No. 28 Year 1977 on Land Owned perwakafan. The phenomenon of this tradition implications perwakafan in Indonesia has not experienced encouraging development for the benefit of the people, even suppose many emerging new issues such as loss of property for religious use, utilization is not appropriate designation endowments, low ability to manage so many waqf property displaced and so forth.

Pattern management leadership implementation waqf ago is still considered consumer-static, meaning that the management of property endowments are less able to provide benefits to the community, it can be seen from the model of leadership within the agency kenazhiran paternalistic and absence of adequate control, the recruitment of human resources more focused on ketokoan clerics, scholars, religious teacher regardless of professionalism, no clear operational standards empowerment and so forth. in line with the enactment of Law No. 41 2004 quiet Endowment and Government Regulation No. 28 Year 1977 on Land Owned perwakafan, then it started last major improvement in the management of the renewal perwakafan Indonesia understands both institutionally related empowerment, development and coaching, management kenazhiran and others.
MUSTAHIK ZAKAT DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH (PENAFSIRAN AYAT 60 SURAT AL-TAUBAH)
Authors: FA'ATIN SALMA
Published: September 2019

Mustahik concept of zakat in the Qur'an, verse 60 of Surat al-Tawbah, still today, the study of which is always contextual, even experiencing growth and expansion of meaning. This paper will explore the concept mustahik zakat in verse 60 of Surat al-Tawbah, specifically in the Tafsir al-Misbah, with the method of descriptive-analytic, ie digging meaning of the concept of mustahik zakat, describing exposures significance to further analyze it in the context of empowerment and management mustahik zakat. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of such a large charity, then it should be used as an instrument in economic development. Mustahik zakat, one of which is poor, it is necessary empowerment for them; First, empowerment through the development of individual attitudes (increase in work ethic, straighten understanding of religious terms-ascetic, qana'ah, trust, syukur), empowerment through the structure, the systems and the people involved in the system. Communities and governments who play an important role in the establishment of a system or structure that is more equitable so as to create prosperity, not poverty.
TATA CARA DAN PENGELOLAAN WAKAF UANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Abdullah Junaidi
Published: September 2019

Cash waqf is not refers to money waqf only but also cover waqf of capital stock and obligation. This kind of waqf has been acknowledged by waqf institution in Indonesia and also has been regulated by the government. This article describes its regulation and how to do cash waqf in Indonesia.
PERAN LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN WAKAF DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER BERTOLERANSI
Authors: Candra Hari , Amania Naila
Published: September 2019

The importance of the Quranic principle in the Qur>an is actually nothing but a departure from social reality, that diversity and diversity are social facts. Nevertheless, for some people it still assumes that diversity is a threat, but for some others diversity undermines the monism that is inherent in tribal, national and religious clothes. The number of social conflicts that occur in society today is pointed out as an indication that some parties are still unwilling and not ready to accept the diversity even many ways that are used in rejecting the fitrah and destiny of God, which is by forming a religious understanding that rejects various forms of understanding that lead to diversity include the diversity of ideology and contemporary-modern thought theory. Seeing this fact, it is important to immerse tolerance within the framework of diversity in the life of society, nation and state. Tolerance is needed and become a pillar in realizing a life of mutual respect for each other so as to create a harmonious life. To realize it all required the role of educational institutions is no exception wakaf educational institutions where it is considered to have a noble and great role in the history of human life that is shaping the character of learners who are capable, independent, creative, democratic, responsible and tolerant tailored to the concept of curriculum based on values  of tolerance according to Islamic teachings.
Zakat Untuk Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahik Di BAZNAS Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Riau
Authors: Fitrianto Fitrianto
Published: September 2019

Zakat in Islam is a treasure worship and zakat is the obligation of Muslims who already have wealth to meet the value of nisab and haul which must be distributed to Asnaf directly or through zakat institution. National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Kuantan Singingi is an official government zakat institution that has been in operation in 2007 and has raised a large amount of zakat funds. In 2015 zakat fund raising has increased significantly to reach the amount of Rp. 2,162,988,234. The accumulated zakat funds are distributed by BAZNAS Kuantan Singingi in various program models such as consumptive zakat program, health services in the form of medical aid, educational scholarships, and habitable housing development for asnaf, and productive zakat programs such as asnaf skills training and venture capital in various businesses. These programs are proclaimed to improve the mustahik welfare in Kuantan Singingi district of Riau.
Histori Filantropi: Tinjauan Teori Postmodern
Authors: Puji Purwatiningsih Aris , Hermawan Adinugraha Hendri
Published: September 2019

Postmodern is a breeding effort, epistemological innovation, so anthropology becomes more adaptive and productive. This can be demonstrated through the application of his theory in practice and philanthropy models. This paper aims to describe the history of philanthropy in terms of the perspective of postmodern theory. The results of the literature review indicate that at first the emergence of the philanthropy movement was the way of the rulers of the time to maintain the stability of public security by providing assistance to the community, but in the postmodern period turned into non-profit social institutions or institutions that serve as mediators of donors to the needy. Philanthropy, initially only in the form of goods aimed at relieving and meeting the needs of a deficient society, in the postmodern era can develop into donor body parts, smiles and even empathy can be referred to as philanthropy. Alms that were originally human goods, the postmodern expanded that spread the science, moving the masses can also be called philanthropy.
Diversity and Training in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: September 2019

Medical Problems of Performing Artists has addressed the needs of clinicians for many decades, providing evidence and opinion pieces on performing artists' healthcare regarding a wide range of health issues that may either affect or cause problems when performing. Traditionally, two
major challenges facing the best approaches to managing the health of performing artists has been (i) limited scientific research evidence supporting preventative approaches, specific assessments and treatment methods for the vast array of conditions seen, and (ii) a lack of training programs
specifically targeting performing artists' healthcare. Not only are there many important differences between general healthcare and managing the health of performing artists, but there are variations between individuals performing on the same instrument, and a vast array of styles and genres
of performing arts that create very different demands on performers. In relation to the first point, a previous lack of available scientific literature has hindered evidence-informed performing arts medicine practice; however, high-quality research has recently progressed rapidly. This edition
of MPPA also highlights the incredible breadth of information emerging, recognising the complex and multiple health demands facing diverse performing arts domains.
Adverse events with fatal outcome associated with alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Holmøy Trygve , Fevang Børre , Olsen David Benee , Spigset Olav , Bø Lars
Published: September 2019

Objective
Sporadic fatal adverse events have been reported during treatment of multiple sclerosis with alemtuzumab. To provide a systematic overview, we searched the centralized European Medicines Agency database of suspected adverse reactions related to medicinal products (EudraVigilance) for fatal adverse events associated with treatment with alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®) for multiple sclerosis. Four independent reviewers with expertise on MS, clinical immunology, infectious diseases and clinical pharmacology reviewed the reports, and scored the likelihood for causality.
Results
We identified nine cases with a probable and one case with a possible causal relationship between alemtuzumab treatment and a fatal adverse event. Six of these patients died within one month after treatment; one from intracerebral hemorrhage, two from acute multiple organ failure and septic shock, one from listeriosis, one from pneumonia and one from agranulocytosis. Four patients died several months after administration of alemtuzumab from either autoimmune hepatitis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia or agranulocytosis. Four of the 10 cases had been published previously in case reports or congress abstracts. Fatal adverse events related to treatment with alemtuzumab occur more frequently than previously published in the literature. A significant proportion occurs in the first month after treatment.
Effectiveness and safety of integrase inhibitors in HIV-infected pregnant women followed up in the Madrid Cohort
Authors: Ramos Marta Illán , Mazariegos Diana , Beceiro José , Escosa Luis , Muñoz Eloy , Viñuela Mª Del Carmen , Navarro Mª Luisa , Prieto Luis Manuel , Olabarrieta Iciar , Regidor Francisco Javier , Roa Miguel Ángel , Guillén Sara , Francisco Laura , Fuentes Manuel , Ramos José Tomás
Published: September 2019

Background

The risk of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is associated mainly with the gestational age at which antiretroviral therapy (AT) begins and HIV-1-RNA viral load (VL) at delivery. The importance of achieving virological supression during pregnancy, has led to an increased use of integrase inhibitors (INIs) in risky conditions. Our objective was to assess the safety and effectiveness in Madrid-Cohort of mothers-children exposed to INIs during pregnancy.

Methods

Retrospective, multicentric, observational, cohort study, of HIV-1-infected pregnant women exposed to INIs during pregnancy and their infants, from 2000 to 2017, from the nine public hospitals belonging to the Madrid Cohort.

Maternal demographic characteristics, clinical data, HIV-1 infection features, AT regimens and changes of treatment during pregnancy were recorded. Blood count, biochemistry panel, HIV-1 VL and CD4+ lymphocyte counts/percentage at first trimester and at the last one near delivery were also collected.

Results

Sixty seven pregnant women exposed to INIs from the Madrid cohort (n: 1423) and their 68 children were identified (17.6% premature). Neonatal prophylaxis consited mostly on zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy, followed by combined prophylaxis with ‘triple therapy’. There were no cases of MTCT.

Twenty women were diagnosed with HIV-1 in the current pregnancy. Of 43 women with AT before pregnancy, 65% received INI before conception. Raltegravir was the most commonly used (80.5%). The median lenght with INI at delivery was 148 days [interquartile rang (IR): 29-251]. Median CD4+ lymphocyte count increased from 428 cells/mL (IR: 310-642) in first trimester to 636 cells/mL (IR: 408-818) in the third. There was a statistically significant increase (p=0.02) of mothers with undetectable VL at delivery compared with first trimester. INIs were well tolerated, without any relevant adverse effect notification. There was no case of discontinued medication due to intolerance or toxicity. 11,7% of children had minor birth defects and one patient had ventricular septal defect without hemodynamic compromise. All of them evolved favourably.

Conclusions

INI seems safe and effective in prevention of MTCT. Antiretroviral regimens during pregnancy that include INI are increasingly being used. Our findings support the use of INI as intensification in pregnant women at high risk of MTCT.
Maternal coffee intake and the risk of threatened abortion
Authors: Choi Hansol , Koo Seul , Park Hyun-Young
Published: September 2019

Background
Maternal caffeine intake has an effect on fetal growth through cross the placenta freely. The objective of this study is to examine the association of pre-pregnancy coffee consumption pattern with the risk of threatened abortion.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted for a total of 4,111 pregnant women who completed baseline examination for the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study between 2013 and 2017. Coffee consumption pattern before pregnancy was measured by a questionnaire. The frequency of coffee consumption was divided into seldom (<1 cup/week), light (<1 cup/day), moderate (1 cup/day), and heavy coffee drinkers (≥2 cups/day). Threatened abortion was defined as the occurrence of vaginal bleeding in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption and the risk of threatened abortion, after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, physical activity before and after pregnancy, stress level, history of depression, and reproductive information.

Results
Women with heavy coffee drinking were at increased odds for having threatened abortion in unadjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 1.271; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.008 to 1.602). Compared to women with seldom coffee drinkers, the fully adjusted ORs for the risk of threatened abortion were significant in moderate (OR, 1.420; 95% CI, 1.001 to 2.014) and heavy coffee drinkers (OR, 1.750; 95% CI, 1.156 to 2.651).

Conclusions
Heavy coffee drinking was independently associated with a higher risk of threatened abortion among Korean pregnant women.
Argon treatment alters microglial activation and neuronal cell death after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage – a randomized controlled animal trial
Authors: Kremer Benedikt , Coburn Mark , Weinandy Agnieszka , Nolte Kay , Clusmann Hans , Veldeman Michael , Höllig Anke
Published: September 2019

Background

Here, we demonstrate argon´s neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) examining various localizations (hippocampal and cortical regions) with respect to neuronal damage and microglial activation 6, 24 and 72h after SAH.

Methods

One hour after SAH (endovascular perforation rat model) or sham surgery, a gas mixture containing 50 vol% argon (argon group) or 50 vol% nitrogen (control group) was applied for 1h. Cerebral coronal sections (H&E; Iba-1 stained) were analyzed for neuronal cell death and microglial activation in predefined anatomical regions.

Results

Comparing the hippocampal regions 6h after SAH reduced neuronal damage was seen in the argon group (p<0.0001) as well as in the cortical region (p=0.014). Over time the effect diminished: A substantial difference 24h after SAH was only seen for the cortical region (p=0.004). No significant difference was observed 72h after SAH. The hippocampal and overall microglial activation 24h after SAH were significantly reduced in the argon group (p=0.013; p<0.0001), whereas 72h after SAH significance was only detected in the cortical area (p=0.014).

Conclusion

Argon treatment ameliorated early neuronal damage after SAH. However, inhibition of microglial activation might indicate a beneficial effect with regard to secondary inflammatory.
The effect of breastfeeding on passive smoking’s issues of smoking mother’s infants at 9 months. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Monney Yhan , Marier Amélie , Esqu Sandrine , Clerc Pascal , Saint-Lary Olivier
Published: September 2019

Background

It has been suggested that the adverse effects of passive smoking on children could be avoided by breastfeeding, especially when they were breastfed longer than 4 months. However, those results have to be more consistent. On the other hand, it has already been shown that tobacco could pass through breast milk with adverse effects on child depending on components. Our aim was to study the link between passive smoking and breastfeeding on health issues of children exposed to passive smoking by their mother during the pregnancy.

Methods

We identified our variables on child’s health statements at 8 days and 9 months of life. Each child-smoking mother pair was included in the study. Univariate then multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to estimate first an adjusted odds-ratio of being sick at nine months according to the duration of breastfeeding, and then to estimate another adjusted odds-ratio of being breastfed for longer depending on whether the child was sick before nine months or not.

Results

Univariate analysis have shown a protective effect of a breastfeeding longer than 4 months (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22; 0.90]), which disappeared in multivariate analysis after adjustment (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.22; 1.01]). However, being healthy at nine months increased the probability to be breastfed at least 4 months (aOR = 2.85, 95% CI [1.31; 6.23]).

Conclusion

Breastfeeding’s effect seems to be insufficient on passive smoking’s adverse effects. Smoking cessation is still a priority when the mother smokes whether she breastfeeds or not.
Efficacy of Bimin Decoction on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: an open-label non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Yan Xinyu , Gai Jianqing , Han Jinshuai , Zhang Hong , Luo Hui , Huang Shaoting , Wang Junge
Published: September 2019

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease which affects people worldwide and traditional Chinese medicine is getting popular among AR patients for definite clinical effect and less adverse reactions. Lung qi dificiency and cold syndrome (LQDCS) is a frequent type of AR, and Chinese herbal medicine Bimin Decoction (BMD) was generated for AR patients with LQDCS. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of BMD for AR patients with LQDCS to conventional medicine loratadine and fluticasone nasal spray. .
Methods/Design: The study was designed as an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. A total of 108 AR patients with LQDCS aged 19 to 60 were 1:1 randomly allocated to BMD group and control group by central computer system in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to April 2018. 98 completed the study (n=51; n=47). Patients inBMD group received Bimin Decoction while the control group received fluticasone nasal spray and loratadine tablets for a 4-week treatment. The primary outcome was change of the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) at baseline and the end of treatment. Alterations in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality Life quality Questionnaire (RQLQ), nasal resistance (NR) and acoustic rhinometry parameters were second outcomes. Any side effect of treatment was observed and recorded.
Results: After the 4-week treatment the TNSS total score was significantly reduced in both groups from baseline (P < 0.05), no significant between-groups differences were observed for the changes of TNSS scores [-0.08 (95% CI -0.56 to 0.40)], which was within the defined non-inferiority margin. RQLQ in both groups decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline and more obvious reduction in BMD group was observed (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the nasal resistance, the nasal volume and the nasal minimum cross-sectional area after treatment between groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings indicated that BMD helps relieve PAR symptoms and improve rhinitis-related life quality. Our study indicated that BMD is non-inferior to loratadine tablets and fluticasone nasal spray for AR patients with LQDCS.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-INR-16010063. Registered on 2 December, 2016
Keywords: Perennial allergic rhinitis, Chinese traditional medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical efficacy
Synergistic effects of scalp acupuncture and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Jae-Hong , Han Jae-Young , Song Min-Keun , Park Gwang-Cheon , Lee Jeong-Soon
Published: September 2019

Background Presently, there is a need for stroke treatment strategies that combine multiple disciplines, such as neurology, rehabilitation medicine, and traditional medicine. This study investigated the synergistic effects of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) known to be effective for cerebral infarction. Methods This outcome assessor-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial included a per-protocol analysis to compare the efficacy of SA and electromagnetic convergence stimulation (SAEM-CS), which comprises the simultaneous application of low-frequency rTMS, SA, rTMS, and conventional stroke rehabilitation therapy (CSRT) for cerebral infarction patients. The trial was completed by 42 cerebral infarction patients (control group, 12; SA group, 11; rTMS group, 8; SAEM-CS group, 11). All patient groups underwent two sessions of CSRT per day. SA, rTMS, and SAEM-CS were conducted once per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks. The primary outcome (motor function recovery) was evaluated using the Fugl‐Mayer assessment (FMA). Other scales were used to assess cognitive function, activities of daily living, walking, quality of life, and stroke severity, which were secondary outcomes. Results There were significant changes (week 7–week 0) between groups in the FMA upper extremity (FMAUE), FMA total (FMAT), modified Barthel index (MBI), and functional independent measurement (FIM) scores. There were no significant changes in the scores of other outcome measures. FMAUE (p=0.015), FMAT (p=0.023), MBI (p=0.002), and FIM (p<0.001) scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the control group and FMAUE (p=0.016), FMAT (p=0.012), MBI (p=0.026), and FIM (p=0.012) scores significantly increased in the rTMS group compared with the SAEM-CS group. However, there were no significant changes in the SA or SAEM-CS group. Conclusions Low-frequency rTMS in the contralesional hemisphere had long-term therapeutic effects on upper extremity motor function recovery and on improvements in activities of daily living. SAEM-CS had no positive synergistic effects of SA and rTMS on motor function recovery, cognitive function, activities of daily living, walking, quality of life, and stroke severity. Trial Registration URL: cris.nih.go.kr. Unique identifier: KCT0001768, retrospectively registered (registration date: January 14, 2016).
Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among children with and those without HIV infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Borna Hodjat , Ahmadi Ali
Published: September 2019

Background: HIV-infected children are at a higher risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) and its mortality, even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, an effective vaccination strategy would be beneficial. To investigate the effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination (PCV) against IPD among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: Observational studies and randomized trials on 7 years old or older children were searched in the Cochrane Library, Web of Science core collection, Embase, Medline/PubMed, and Google Scholar. Critical appraisal was done using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment form. Effectiveness and efficacy of at least one dose of PCV was investigated among children with and without HIV considering subgroups of pneumococcal serotypes. We meta-analyzed the effect sizes using random-effects modeling.
Results: Efficacy of PCV was estimated as 45.0% (31.2, 56.1) and 52.6% (25.7, 69.8) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively. Effectiveness of PCV among HIV-infected children as -6.2% (-67.6, 32.7) was significantly lower than HIV-uninfected children 65.1% (47.3, 76.9). Effectiveness of PCV among HIV-infected children for IPDs caused by vaccine serotypes was estimated as 7.7(-66.7, 48.9), and for IPDs caused by non-vaccine serotypes was estimated as -402.8(-1856, -29.2).
Conclusion: Unlike the evidence on the efficacy of PCV against IPD among both of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, its effectiveness against IPD among HIV-infected children is much less limited.

Review Registration

The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42018108187).
Commercialization as a Factor in the Development of Institutional Aspects of Technoscience
Authors: Брызгалина Елена , Bryzgalina Elena , Занфира Вениамин , Zanfira Veniamin
Published: September 2019

The article features the institutionalization processes of modern technoscience, which occur under the influence of commercialization. These processes are described on the basis of the conceptual consideration of science as a social institution. Institutionalization is undestood as the process of formation of stable patterns of social interaction between science, technology, and business and their organizational and legal consolidation. Commercialization of technoscience leads to the formulation of a specific sphere of commodity production, where the product becomes an object of intellectual property, and social relations are built to obtain knowledge as a product aimed at transforming the world. This product is distinguished by its performativity, availability, and practical utility. In technoscience, the institutional forms of commercialization of activities are determined by the scope of its use, e.g. pharmacy or medicine, as well as private interests (from commercial profit, achieving power positions, strengthening prestige and gaining competitive advantages, to the whim of the beneficiary). The present research proves that the institutions that arise in the process of commercialization form infrastructure of the innovation activity. Thus, the process of institutionalization of technoscience has one of the main objectives of the formation of innovation infrastructure. All in all, organizations of scientific, technical, innovative, and support structures (government, commercial and non-profit organizations, etc.) act in the public interest. That way, they ensure the continuous progressive development of society by overcoming production downturns, its restructuring, changing, and expanding the product line, enhancing its competitiveness and attractiveness for domestic and foreign markets, as well as creating new jobs and preserving scientific and technical potential. The present research belongs to leading scientific school of Moscow State University "Transformation of culture, society, and history: philosophical and theoretical understanding"
Sociocultural and Legal Aspects of Social Activity of Subjects in the Banking Sector
Authors: Козырева Марина , Kozyreva Marina , Криони Александр , Krioni Alexander , Морозов Николай , Morozov Nikolay
Published: September 2019

The paper features some sociocultural and legal aspects of social activity executed by various subjects of the credit relations in the Russian Federation. The focus is made on the banking sector. The authors use culturological and activity approaches to legal and illegal actions of credit institutions and demonstrate some specific traits of administrative offenses in this sector. The paper also describes the culture of credit loans, in particular, that of microfinance institutions. The authors believe that this kind of activity is aimed at gaining and can be characterized as immoral. They studied behavioral stereotypes of borrowers and credit institutions to classify the social activities of the credit relations subjects. A high level of social activity of borrowers is directed to satisfaction of physiological requirements and security needs. The social activity of credit institutions is mostly limited by its respect for legal standards and improving the level of culture of loan granting. Hence, if the social activity of credit relations subjects that meets cultural and legal standards, it contributes to the development of national economy.
Endogenous respiration process analysis between aMBR and UV/O3-aMBR for polluted surface water treatment
Authors: Li Lu , Song Kang , Visvanathan Chettiyappan
Published: September 2019

The microbial endogenous respiration process is very important in biological water treatment processes. This study analyzed and compared the endogenous respiration process in an attached growth membrane bioreactor (aMBR) system and a UV/O3 integrated aMBR system (UV/O3-aMBR) in treating polluted surface water with CODMn around 10 mg/L. The endogenous respiration activity of heterotrophic microbes and autotrophic nitrifiers activity in both systems was analyzed and compared. Results show that heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic nitrifiers enter endogenous respiration at 6 h aeration in an aMBR and 0 h in a UV/O3-aMBR system. Biomass amount on PVA-gel in aMBR was higher than in UV/O3-aMBR in terms of specific respiration rates SOURt, SOURH, and SOURA. Substrate remained on PVA-gel in the aMBR system, but no substrate remained on PVA-gel in the UV/O3-aMBR system. Higher species of microbes, including recoverable and irrecoverable components, existed in the aMBR system as compared to the UV/O3-aMBR system. The UV/O3-aMBR system could make full use of the advanced oxidation process (AOP) and biological process, leading to a higher treatment performance, and has the potential to mitigate total energy demand. Thus, the UV/O3-aMBR system can be used as a new technology for treating polluted surface water with the co-contribution of biological process and AOP treatment.
Responses of channel morphology to flow-sediment variations after dam construction: a case study of the Shashi Reach, middle Yangtze River
Authors: Chen Fan , Chen Li , Zhang Wei , Han Jianqiao , Wang Junzhou
Published: September 2019

Upstream damming has profoundly impacted downstream channel morphology by altering inflowing water and sediment conditions, which can mostly be ascribed to variations in the flow hydrograph and sediment supply regime. In this paper, channel erosion and deposition during different flow-sediment processes are quantified using a 2D hydro-morphodynamic model. Our results revealed that the net erosion mainly occurred during the flood season when the flow discharges were above 15,000 m3/s. Together, larger peak discharges and less sediment supply could produce greater net erosion. Flow hydrograph variations could alter the inundation extent, thus creating a more widespread redistribution of channel deposition and erosion and possibly causing a shift in the active channel adjustment area, where more channel scouring and siltation occurred. The channel adjustments caused by the sediment supply regime variations underwent a gradual downward propagation process, and most of the riverbed thalweg profile variations could first be observed at a very short distance from the studied reach entrance. A larger cross-sectional area and channel depth as well as a lower width-depth ratio could result from larger floods and less incoming upstream sediment load. We found that a comprehensive flow-sediment combination coefficient with a value of m ranging from 2 to 4 most appropriately reflected the post-dam flow-sediment imbalance regime at the studied reach, which implied the leading role of flow hydrograph variations in shaping channel morphology. In summary, the combined results presented herein for the Shashi Reach of the Yangtze River can provide a better understanding of the downstream morphological impacts of different flow-sediment processes caused by dam operation.
Bir Olasılıktan Ötekine Köprü
Authors: Korkmaz Adil
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada öznel ve nesnel olasılıklar
arasındaki işbirliği koşulları incelenmektedir. Burada işbirliği sözcüğü ile
anlatılmak istenen, olasılıklardan biri belli iken öbürünü de belli etmektir. Olasılık
kuramının ilk zamanlarında böyle bir sorun yoktur; çünkü o zamanlarda tek
olasılık vardır, o aynı anda hem öznel hem de nesnel olasılıktır, büyük sayılar
yasası onlardan birinin öbürüne eşit olmasını garanti etmektedir, bu da
demektir ki olasılıklardan biri belli iken öbürü de bellidir. O günlerdeki işbirliğine
mutlak işbirliği denebilir. Bugün yalnızca koşullu işbirliği kabul edilebilir
niteliktedir. Bu çalışma söz konusu koşullu işbirliğini incelemeyi
amaçlamaktadır.
“Quem participa?” Reflexões sobre teoria da inclusão
Authors: Bora Dr. Alfons
Published: September 2019

O artigo discute o conceito sociológico de inclusão. Em contraste com alguns conceitos clássicos, como os encontrados em Parsons e Habermas, ele toma inclusão como forma de endereçamento em uma sociedade funcionalmente diferenciada e não como forma de integração social. Essa capacidade de endereçamento é descrita como o modo pelo qual os sistemas sociais, como redes de comunicação, constituem endereços para suas operações. Pessoas, como se argumenta, tornam-se endereços de processos comunicativos por várias formas de "pertencimento" ou "participação". Essas formas variam tanto em seu modo de incluir pessoas quanto na extensão da inclusão de pessoas como endereços sociais. Considerando esses dois aspectos, o artigo propõe um conceito modalizado e gradativo de inclusão e, para demonstrar sua utilidade empírica, ilustra sua aplicação com muitos exemplos, especialmente a partir do Direito. Pessoas estão sendo incluídas de maneiras muito diferentes por meio de comunicações jurídicas. A capacidade de ser sujeito de direitos e deveres, a de agir juridicamente, a de processar outrem e outras formas de inclusão são discutidas sob essa perspectiva.
Capitalismo e diferenciação funcional: rupturas e continuidades entre Marx e Luhmann
Authors: Bachur João Paulo
Published: September 2019

A questão da utilização da teoria crítica para se definir sistemas sociais gera extremo desconforto, uma vez que não se utiliza, nesse contexto, aspirações universais e utópicas de justiça, pelo contrário, permite se retirar o véu da utopia e apresentar a verdade crua da sociedade. Dessa maneira, esse trabalho objetiva recuperar o sentido original da teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt e interpretar Niklas Luhmann como um crítico de Marx, fazendo com que, dessa forma, se possa fazer, de forma mais precisa, um diagnóstico da sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa dos dados, a partir de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica. A pesquisa, por fim, demonstrou que as duas dialéticas apresentadas se equilibram reciprocamente, impondo uma “verdadeira” análise através da teoria crítica, capaz de descrever a sociedade capitalista como um todo, e não apenas limitada ao seu conteúdo normativo.
Grocery Shopping Channels: Segmentation by Gender and Age Group
Authors: Whaley Jeremy , Hur Songyee , Kim Youn-Kyung
Published: September 2019

Grocery shopping via online and multi-channel (using both physical stores and online) has been increasing. Although physical stores still serve a dominant format for grocery shopping, the research examining consumption patterns across grocery channels fails to show this wave of increasing online or multi-channel grocery shopping. Using a secondary data set of 7212 grocery shoppers, we used corresponding analysis to identify grocery shopper segments based on gender and age group that were associated with specific channels (physical store, online, and multi-channel), and GLM to examine consumption patterns across the segments. We offer both theoretical and practical implications for grocery marketers.
DIREITOS HUMANOS E FUNDAMENTAIS NA ERA DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO
HUMAN AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Fornasier Mateus de Oliveira , Barriquello Carolina Andrade
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho objetiva abordar a questão dos direitos humanos e fundamentais em uma era global, visando por meio deles a inclusão dos excluídos das comunicações sistêmicas, bem como a tentativa de barrar a tendência expansiva dos sistemas globais. É dividido, especificamente, em três objetivos/seções, que pretendem: i) analisar a evolução da sociedade mundial - da moderna sociedade internacional, baseada na soberania estatal, à global, em que o Estado passa a dividir seu papel de destaque para com outros atores; ii) caracterizar sistemicamente os direitos humanos e fundamentais para além do seu caráter de postulados internacionais/constitucionais; iii) aprofundar o papel dos direitos humanos/fundamentais, passando-se a tomá-los como instrumentos de contenção às tendências expansivas dos sistemas sociais, em prol da proteção da pessoa humana. Seu método de pesquisa é sistêmico-construtivista, de abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental.
PODER E SELETIVIDADE: OS PROCESSOS DE CRIMINALIZAÇÃO NA AMERICA LATINA E OS SEUS IMPACTOS NA CRISE DO DISCURSO PENAL
POWER AND SELECTIVITY: THE LATIN AMERICAN CRIMINALIZATIONS PROCESS AND ITS IMPACTS IN THE CRISES OF THE CRIMINAL ARGUMENTATION
Authors: Brandão Cláudio
Published: September 2019

Através do exercício do poder de punir são realizados os processos seletivos de criminalização, que é o objeto da presente investigação. As estatísticas da criminalidade divulgadas pelo Estado brasileiro expõem o discurso penal a uma desconcertante crítica. Nesse panorama, o discurso penal, baseado em postulados iluministas, dentre os quais emerge o princípio da igualdade, é inserido em uma crise, revelada pela política criminal. O vértice dela é o exercício do poder por parte das agências de controle do sistema penal.
Synthesis and efficacy of copper(II) complexes bearing N(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazide and diimine co-ligands on plasmid DNA and HeLa cell lines
Authors: Rajendran Neelaveni , Periyasamy Abirami , Kamatchi Nithya , Solomon Vasantha
Published: September 2019

This present work deals with the synthesizes of nine novel thiosemicarbazone copper(II) complexes {[Cu(L)2]Cl C3, [Cu(L)(bpy)]Cl C4?C6, [Cu(L) (phen)]Cl C7?C9 (where, L = H(L1)?H(L3), H(L1) = (E)-N-methyl-2- -(1-phenyl-2-((5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide, H(L2) = (E)-N-ethyl-2-(1-phenyl-2-((5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H- -1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide, H(L3) = (E)-N- -phenyl-2-(1-phenyl-2-((5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)ethylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide, bpy = 2,2?-bipyridyl and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with improved pharmacological results. The synthesized complexes were characterized by various spectral-analytical techniques. The structure of the copper(II) complexes C1?C9 was proposed by EPR spectroscopy. It confirmed the square planar coordination around Cu(II) complexes. The antibacterial screening of the complexes revealed that complexes C7 and C8 demonstrated significant activity against Gram-positive (B. thuringiensis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The concentration-dependent DNA cleavage activity of supercoiled (SC) pUC18 DNA exhibited complete DNA degradation effect on complex C6 at a minimum concentration of 40 ?M. In vitro cytotoxic results showed that the mixed ligand copper(II) complexes C4, C5 and C7 exhibited higher effects on human cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa, when compared to cisplatin. Hence, the results obtained from each biological screening indicated the superior biological efficacy of the mixed ligand copper(II) complexes bearing diimine moieties. It could be considered as a promising alternative to an existing anticancer drug.