bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanism of cerebral edema improvement via IL-1RA released from the stroke-unaffected hindlimb by treadmill exercise after cerebral infarction in rats
Authors: Gono Rina , Sugimoto Kana , Yang Chihpin , Murata Yukie , Nomura Reiko , Shirazaki Mai , Harada Kazuo , Harada Teiji , Miyashita Yohei , Higashisaka Kazuma , Katada Ryuichi , Matsumoto Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Cerebral edema following cerebral infarction can be severe and directly affect mortality and mobility. Exercise therapy after cerebral infarction is an effective therapeutic approach; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Myokines such as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) are released during skeletal muscle contraction with effects on other organs. We hypothesized that myokine release during exercise might improve brain edema and confirmed the hypothesis using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model rats. Rats subjected to tMCAO were divided according to the severity of illness and further assigned to exercise and non-exercise groups. Treadmill exercises were performed at a speed of 2–8 m/min for 10 min from 1–6 days post-reperfusion after tMCAO. Exercise significantly reduced edema and neurological deficits in severely ill rats, with a reduction in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in the ischemic core and increased blood IL-1RA release from the stroke-unaffected hindlimb muscle after tMCAO. Administration of IL-1RA into the lateral ventricles significantly reduced edema and AQP4 expression in the ischemic core. In conclusion, treadmill exercise performed in the early phase of stroke onset alleviated the decrease in blood IL-1RA following ischemic stroke. IL-1RA administration decreased astrocytic AQP4 expression in the ischemic core, suppressing brain edema.
Dialysis adequacy and hemoglobin levels predict cerebral atrophy in maintenance-hemodialysis patients
Authors: Cao Ming-Xuan , Xiao Jia , Qin Hua-Min , Wang Zhi-Hong , Boltze Johannes , Liu Shu-Xin , Li Shen
Published: January 2023

The pathogenesis of cerebral atrophy (CA) is not clear. Previous studies show a high incidence of preterm CA in hemodialysis patients. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing CA and to derive a CA prediction nomogram in maintenance-hemodialysis patients. First, brain volumes of hemodialysis patients (≤55 years) were compared against age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and differences were revealed in bilateral insular cisterns width, maximum cerebral sulci width, Evans index, ventricular-brain ratio, frontal atrophy index, and temporal lobe ratio. Then, the patients were divided equally into “no or mild” or “severe” CA groups. Potential factors influencing CA were screened. Kt/V (urea removal index) and hemoglobin levels negatively correlated with CA degree, and were used to establish a nomogram within randomly assigned training and validation patient groups. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) for training and validation groups were 0.703 and 0.744, respectively. When potassium and calcium were added to the nomogram, the AUROC for training/validation group increased to 0.748/0.806. The nomogram had optimal AUROC for training (0.759) and validation (0.804) groups when albumin was also included. Hemodialysis patients showed reduced anterior brain volumes and the nomogram established herein may have predictive value for developing CA.
Prolonged asystole induced by trigeminocardiac reflex accompanied with abnormal heart rate variability during percutaneous balloon compression: a case report
Authors: Zhang Huanhuan , He Jinhua , Du Yanru , Liu Meinv , Li Jianli
Published: January 2023

Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) can result in bradycardia and even cardiac arrest, and is reversible with elimination of the stimulus. Here, we report the case of a 68-year-old man who experienced cardiac arrest during percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. In this patient, sinus rhythm did not recover after stimulation removal, causing us to successfully perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The patient regained a sinus rhythm and was pretreated with atropine 0.5 mg, allowing the operation to be started again. The operation was completed successfully and the patient experienced no complications. Subsequent heart rate variability (HRV) analysis showed that parasympathetic activity predominated before anesthesia induction and after tracheal intubation. It further elevated during foramen ovale puncture, leading to prolonged asystole. Fortunately, sympathetic activity predominated after atropine was administered, which manifested as an increase in sympathetic activity and a decrease in parasympathetic activity. This could be beneficial for patients with TCR. This case indicates that TCR-related cardiac arrest might not be reversed with stimulus cessation, and atropine played a key role in preventing TCR. Moreover, HRV analysis might be essential for preoperative screening for high-risk patients. We also reviewed the literature for cases of TCR with prolonged asystole.
Effect of music emotion on mu and beta oscillations
Authors: Wang Yang , Siu Tik Sze Carrey , Cheung Him
Published: January 2023

That music elicits motor signals has been suggested as the key to understanding how emotion may be experienced from it. While previous studies have demonstrated that music both induces movement and affects ongoing motor activities, little is known about the effect of its emotional content on neural-motor representation and how such an effect may be modified by concurrent movement. To fill this gap, we asked participants to tap their right index finger following flashes of a dot (movement) or just to count the flashes silently (no-movement) while listening to happy versus emotionally neutral music, when EEG was recorded. Results showed that happy music induced greater mu (8–13 Hz) suppression than neutral music in the no-movement but not the movement condition. For beta oscillations (16–24 Hz), happy music induced greater suppression than neutral music irrespective of concurrent movement. These findings suggest a close association between music emotion and motor representation at a neural level, supporting theories stipulating that emotion in music is experienced through motor representation, such as embodied music cognition and the Shared Affective Motion Experience model.
Distance creates proximity: Unraveling the influence of geographical distance on social proximity in interorganizational collaborations
Authors: Roth Philip , Mattes Jannika
Published: January 2023

A vital ingredient for the success of interorganizational collaboration projects is strong personal relationships among the partners. Their formation is structured by geographical distances between partners. In the corresponding research, it is assumed that geographic distance inhibits face-to-face interactions, which are highly effective for tie-formation. However, findings from adjacent fields of research suggest that greater distances can also be conducive to the development of personal relations. In this paper, we unravel these contradictions. Empirically, we examine the development of 2132 personal ties between individuals from 20 government-funded interorganizational innovation projects using a mixed-method design. Statistical analysis of the data reveals a U-shaped correlation between geographical and social proximity. Contrary to common assumptions, large geographical distances are found to be particularly conducive to forming relationships. The qualitative data explains this finding by identifying and systematically relating five practices which are associated with specific distances and which are (differently) effective for tie-formation.
Changes in Tangible Social Support Over Time Among Older Adults Receiving Long-Term Services and Supports
Authors: Goldman Annika S. , Abbott Katherine M. , Huang Liming , Naylor Mary D. , Hirschman Karen B.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in and predictors of perceived tangible social support over a 2-year period among older adults new to LTSS. Linear mixed effects models were used to model repeated measures of tangible social support as a function of LTSS type [NH, AL, HCBS], personal, clinical, and health-related quality of life variables. AL residents reported greater initial tangible social support, but NH and HCBS residents improved more over time. Predictors of increased tangible social support over time included greater positive affect, sense of aesthetics, education, satisfaction with family relationships, and total number of close friends and family. Decreased tangible support over time was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Findings indicate the positive influence of NH and HCBS services on perception of tangible social support, and the importance of addressing depressive symptoms and assisting with the maintenance of important relationships.
Experimental investigations and optimization of weld bead characteristics during submerged arc welding using recycled steel slag as a flux
Authors: Saini Sumit , Singh Kulwant
Published: January 2023

A novel methodology has been established which allows to recycle steel slag as a suitable flux for submerged arc welding. The flux produced using waste slag as a raw material has been applied to deposit beads on plates. The bead geometry is dependent on welding parameters; hence optimization of parameters is essential. In this cut throat competition, researchers are striving to minimize the cost of experimentation using various experimental and optimization techniques to reduce number of experiments for save time, money, and resources. In this article various techniques have been explored for better optimized results. The welding parameters have been optimized to obtain desired bead geometry using various optimization techniques such as genetic and teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm, and desirability. It was observed that the genetic algorithm technique provides better results having a minimum error of penetration, bead width, and reinforcement (i.e. 1.12%, 1.83%, and 2.46%, respectively), as compared with other techniques applied. It is further observed that flux manufactured from waste slag is capable to produce desired bead profile which is similar with that of the fresh flux. Recycled slag is capable to produce optimum bead geometry having maximum penetration of 11.52 mm, bead width 20.73 mm, and reinforcement 3.24 mm.
Coal–environmental quality nexus in EU-part of the Eastern Bloc: Do socioeconomic factors and bureaucracy play a substantial role?
Authors: Muoneke Obumneke Bob , Egbo Obiamaka Priscilla , Okere Kingsley Ikechukwu
Published: January 2023

Based on the fact that the EU-part of the Eastern Bloc has not fared well in transitioning to renewable energy in the last decade compared to other regions of the bloc, this study investigated the impacts of coal consumption, socioeconomic factors and bureaucracy on the environment and the moderating effect of socioeconomic factors and bureaucracy on the coal consumption–environment relationship in the selected bloc. The study used the AMG, FMOLS and DOLS modelling framework and a panel of six countries in the selected bloc from 1990 to 2018. The study established that coal consumption has a significant dampening effect on CO2 emissions in the EU-part of the Eastern Bloc and that bureaucracy in the region amplifies this effect instead of mitigating it. In another corridor, we found that in the midst of the coal–environmental nexus, socioeconomic factors offer a mitigating path towards emission reduction in the region. Policy recommendations directed at addressing bureaucratic hitches associated with the transition to renewable energy in Eastern Europe. The authors propose the inauguration of hybrid courts (specialised) to settle disputes that may arise from indigenes and standing technical committees to increase bureaucratic expertise, which would reduce the permit acquisition period required for wind, hydropower, and solar installation farms and other technicalities associated with the EU funding for the Eastern Bloc.
The Help-Seeking Experiences of Family and Friends Who Support Young People With Mental Health Issues: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Migliorini Christine , Barrington Nicholas , O’Hanlon Brendan , O’Loughlin Gretel , Harvey Carol
Published: January 2023

Little has been documented of the journey that family and friends (F&F) undertake when supporting a young person aged 12–25 years struggling with mental illness. The experiences of family and friends were explored using an online qualitative survey ( N = 58) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 15). Recruitment was through a national youth mental health service Facebook page and website. An experiential thematic analysis was conducted focusing on participants’ experiences and sense of their world.

Strong feelings and challenging life circumstances made the context of help-seeking complicated. Despite following usual avenues for advice or support, F&F still came across professionals and a health/mental health system that compounded their distress. It was the simpler things that some professionals did that made their journey more bearable. Useful insights derived from the narratives allow service improvement recommendations such as reminding professionals of the multiplicity of stressors commonplace to families and the value of validation and acknowledgement.
Derivation and External Validation of a Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Chinese Patients
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Huang Jiali , Liu Jinxuan , Chang Jiaqi , Pan Lei , Wang Yong , Gao Yuan , Yang Yuanhua
Published: January 2023

Aim

To develop and validate a risk assessment model (RAM) of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized Chinese patients.

Methods

We reviewed data from 300 patients with VTE and 300 non-VTE patients at Beijing Shijitan Hospital. The risk factors related to VTE were analyzed, and the VTE RAM (Shijitan (SJT) version) was developed according to the weight of each risk factor. A total of 407 patients with VTE and 533 non-VTE patients were enrolled for external validation. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, receiver operating curve (ROC), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of VTE RAM (SJT version) compared with Caprini RAM and Padua RAM.

Results

The VTE RAM (SJT version) contained six risk factors (age >60 years, lower limb edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), central venous catheterization (CVC), VTE history, and D dimer). In the external validation group, for medical patients, the AUC value of SJT RAM (0.82 ± 0.03) is significantly higher than Caprini RAM (0.76 ± 0.04; P < 0.05), SJT RAM has a higher sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index than Caprini RAM ( P < 0.05), which means that the SJT RAM has a much better predictive value than Caprini RAM. While SJT RAM and Padua RAM have the similar predictive value for medical patients ( P > 0.05). For surgical patients, the AUC value of SJT RAM (0.72 ± 0.04) is significantly higher than the value of Padua RAM (0.66 ± 0.04; P < 0.05), SJT RAM has a higher sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index than Padua RAM ( P < 0.05), which shows that the VTE RAM has better predictive value than Padua RAM. While SJT RAM and Caprini RAM have the similar predictive value for surgical patients ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The SJT RAM derived from general hospitalized Chinese patients will be time-saving for physicians and has a better predictive ability for patients at risk of VTE.
A novel self-adaptive option method for sensitive failure component signals and its application in rolling bearings
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Fang Minghe , Guo Guihong , Liu Liqiu
Published: January 2023

Bearing is the most vulnerable key part in rotating machine and bears important influence on the safety of equipment. Weakness and complexity are the two features of fault characteristic information carried by signals in the early stage of fault. For that, a fault is difficult to be recognized correctly. To identify a compound failure of bearing, the paper has brought forward a new self-adaptive option method for component signals that are sensitive to failure feature information of bearing. The sensitivity of kurtosis to bearing failure is exploited and the influence of signal complexity on the extraction of failure feature information is taken seriously, the paper has proposed the self-adaptive option method for component signals that are sensitive to failure feature by combined kurtosis with Complexity parameter included in Hjorth parameters. Furthermore, as the mid-value represents the general level of signal and is not affected by larger or smaller data, with the mid-values of kurtosis and Complexity parameter as the boundary, the paper has chosen the component signals which can more comprehensively show the failure features of bearing. Additionally, by principal component analysis (PCA), component signals selected are blended and reconstructed. Finally, by the Hilbert envelope spectrum of signals reconstructed, failure types of bearing are identified. To verify the effectiveness of presented method, the presented method is compared with conventional method on the basis of the exactly consistent data. The result indicates that the proposed method is superior to the traditional one in extracting fault information and identifying the multiple failure types of bearing.
Father-Child (Dis)connections: Expectations and Practices of Young Un(der)employed Fathers in Johannesburg
Authors: Dawson Hannah Joy
Published: January 2023

Despite a growing body of research on fathers and fatherhood in South Africa, we know relatively little about un(der)employed Black fathers’ experiences, perspectives, and patterns of involvement in their children’s lives. This article uses Johnson-Hanks’ concept of “vital conjunctures” to examine the divergent ways in which young Black men practice fatherhood under conditions of profound economic uncertainty. Three modes of father-child (dis)connections are presented to show how different patterns of paternal involvement are steered by men’s economic conditions, the complex relational dynamics they occupy, as well as shifting cultural expectations and gender norms. The article shows how the quality of men’s relationships with the mothers of their children plays an important role in differentiating fatherhood practices. Ultimately, this article argues that being a respectable father in conditions of economic uncertainty is a complex and convoluted endeavour involving intense negotiation and improvisation.
The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Pathological Narcissism: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Gao Shuling , Yu Delin , Assink Mark , Chan Ko Ling , Zhang Ling , Meng Xianxin
Published: January 2023

Emerging evidence has documented the positive association between child maltreatment and both phenotypes of pathological narcissism (i.e., vulnerable and grandiose narcissism). However, results across these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to examine the extent to which child maltreatment is associated with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, and whether these associations differed by study or sample characteristics. A systematic literature review was conducted in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Three-level meta-analyses were performed in R to synthesize the effect sizes. A total of 15 studies ( N = 9,141 participants) producing 129 effect sizes were included. Results showed that child maltreatment was positively related to both vulnerable narcissism (mean r = .198; p < .001) and grandiose narcissism (mean r = .087; p < .001), but only to a small extent. Further, the association between child maltreatment and vulnerable narcissism was stronger for neglect ( r = .278) than for physical abuse ( r = .130). The strength of the association between child maltreatment and grandiose narcissism was larger for samples that were on average younger than 18 years ( r = .187) than for samples that were on average older than 18 years ( r = .068). Also, the strength of the association was stronger for females than for males. Child maltreatment is a risk factor for developing both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Interventions targeting pathological narcissism should be aware of potential trauma resulting from victimization of child maltreatment.
Communication Breakdown? The Perils and Opportunities of ASM Self-Discontinuation
Authors: Lapalme-Remis Samuel
Published: January 2023

[Box: see text]
Decision-Making During High-Risk Events: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Reale Carrie , Salwei Megan E. , Militello Laura G. , Weinger Matthew B. , Burden Amanda , Sushereba Christen , Torsher Laurence C. , Andreae Michael H. , Gaba David M. , McIvor William R. , Banerjee Arna , Slagle Jason , Anders Shilo
Published: January 2023

Effective decision-making in crisis events is challenging due to time pressure, uncertainty, and dynamic decisional environments. We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed and PsycINFO, identifying 32 empiric research papers that examine how trained professionals make naturalistic decisions under pressure. We used structured qualitative analysis methods to extract key themes. The studies explored different aspects of decision-making across multiple domains. The majority (19) focused on healthcare; military, fire and rescue, oil installation, and aviation domains were also represented. We found appreciable variability in research focus, methodology, and decision-making descriptions. We identified five main themes: (1) decision-making strategy, (2) time pressure, (3) stress, (4) uncertainty, and (5) errors. Recognition-primed decision-making (RPD) strategies were reported in all studies that analyzed this aspect. Analytical strategies were also prominent, appearing more frequently in contexts with less time pressure and explicit training to generate multiple explanations. Practitioner experience, time pressure, stress, and uncertainty were major influencing factors. Professionals must adapt to the time available, types of uncertainty, and individual skills when making decisions in high-risk situations. Improved understanding of these decisional factors can inform evidence-based enhancements to training, technology, and process design.
Skin Complexion and the Blush
Authors: Crozier W. Raymond
Published: January 2023

The implications of variation in skin pigmentation for the blush have attracted discussion for centuries. Two long-standing positions are identified. First, the blush has been identified with shame, giving rise to claims that because people with dark skin do not blush they do not have the capacity to experience shame. Second, the meaning of a visible blush can be ambiguous. A review of more recent theorizing and empirical research suggests that people blush whatever their level of pigmentation; the blush tends to be associated with embarrassment rather than shame; it serves both intraindividual and communicative functions. Nevertheless, there has been little systematic investigation into the impact of the relative discernibility of the blush on emotional experience or its functions.
Data governance: Digital product passports as a case study
Authors: Ducuing Charlotte , Reich René Herbert
Published: January 2023

The circular economy (‘CE’) is a political goal to shift the economy towards a more circular and sustainable one. Data sharing shall close information gaps in the predominant economy and, hence, form the backbone of the transition to a CE. As part of the recent legislative proposals from the EC, “digital product passports” (‘DPPs’) are expected to constitute one-stop shops for such data and information delivery. The principal idea of DPPs is to provide product information to interested stakeholders within and outside the product value chain. However, many challenges arise with DPPs, in particular how to reconcile a broad (if no ‘open’) access to data while preserving the (legally protected) interests of certain actors, and the lack of trust concerning data use and quality between the actors. Our hypothesis are (i.) that such challenges are related to the absence of an appropriate (data) governance model for DPPs and (ii.) that data governance as a main concern within the data economy agenda could inform the regulation and operationalisation of DPPs. We analyse the – lack of - (data) governance of DPPs, both in the literature and in the recent legislative proposals from the EC. We find that data governance is significantly overlooked or considered only from a pure technological perspective (techno-solutionism), which is likely to jeopardise DPPs. As both a confirmation and a way forward, we establish connections to data governance as per the data economy agenda. In turn, the analysis of DPPs governance informs the general discussion on data governance.
Predictors of Urgent Dialysis Following Ambulance Transport to the Emergency Department in Patients Treated With Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Thanamyooran Aran , Nallbani Megi , Vinson Amanda J. , Clark David A. , Fok Patrick T. , Goldstein Judah , More Keigan M. , Swain Janel , Wiemer Hana , Tennankore Karthik K
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis frequently require ambulance transport to the emergency department (ambulance-ED transport). Identifying predictors of outcomes after ambulance-ED transport, especially the need for timely dialysis, is important to health care providers.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to derive a risk-prediction model for urgent dialysis after ambulance-ED transport.

Design:

Observational cohort study

Setting and Patients:

All ambulance-ED transports among incident and prevalent patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis affiliated with a regional dialysis program (catchment area of approximately 750 000 individuals) from 2014 to 2018.

Measurements:

Patients’ vital signs (systolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate) at the time of paramedic transport and time since last dialysis were utilized as predictors for the outcome of interest. The primary outcome was urgent dialysis (defined as dialysis in a monitored setting within 24 hours of ED arrival or dialysis within 24 hours with the first ED patient blood potassium level >6.5 mmol/L) for an unscheduled indication. Secondary outcomes included, hospitalization, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods:

A logistic regression model to predict outcomes of urgent dialysis. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using the C-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Results:

Among 878 ED visits, 63 (7.2%) required urgent dialysis. Hypoxemia (odds ratio [OR]: 4.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75-9.33) and time from last dialysis of 24 to 48 hours (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.05-11.9) and >48 hours (OR: 9.22, 95% CI: 3.37-25.23) were strongly associated with urgent dialysis. A risk-prediction model incorporating patients’ vital signs and time from last dialysis had good discrimination (C-statistic 0.8217) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit P value .8899). Urgent dialysis patients were more likely to be hospitalized (63% vs 34%), but there were no differences in inpatient mortality or length of stay.

Limitations:

Missing data, requires external validation.

Conclusion:

We derived a risk-prediction model for urgent dialysis that may better guide appropriate transport and care for patients requiring ambulance-ED transport.
Burnout without a job: An explorative study on a sample of Italian unemployed jobseekers
Authors: Nonnis Marcello , Frau Gianmarco , Agus Mirian , Urban Antonio , Cortese Claudio Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Background:

Search for work is in itself a job and its outcomes are similar to those of job burnout: it can generate feelings of exhaustion, detachment from the commitment to research, and a sense of ineffectiveness. The aim of the present study is to investigate the construct of burnout within the category of long-term unemployed people engaged in job search activity.

Design and methods:

The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory nature. Two hundred eight Italian unemployed jobseekers compiled an adaptation of the OCS Burnout scale, by Maslach and Leiter. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the psychometric features of the instrument. The relations between the instrument and age and months of job search variables were assessed through Spearman’s Rho coefficient of co-graduation. Finally, a MANOVA was carried out.

Results:

The questionnaire is able to intercept and describe the dimensions of respondents’ burnout with respect to four dimensions: Exhaustion, Disengagement, Effectiveness in job search, Disillusion. Correlation analysis shows that the duration of the job search period has a positive relationship with Exhaustion, Disillusion, and Disengagement; a negative relationship with Effectiveness in job search. Finally, MANOVA shows that older unemployed people rate themselves less effective in job searching and more exhausted, compared to younger unemployed people.

Conclusions:

The psychosocial effects of job search on the unemployed are still little studied, and this research, through the construct of burnout, proposes a comprehensive and articulated key to its understanding.
Modifying Text Messages from a Faith-Based Physical Activity Intervention with Latino Adults in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Whitley Margaret D , Perez Lilian G , Castro Gabriela , Larson Anne , Derose Kathryn P
Published: January 2023

Background

Text messages are useful for health promotion and can be modified during public health emergencies.

Purpose

Describe how we developed and implemented a physical activity (PA) text messaging component within a faith-based intervention, modified the text message content in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated participants’ perceptions of the modified text messages.

Research Design and Study Sample

PA promotion text messages were delivered to predominately Spanish-speaking, churchgoing Latino adults ( n = 284) in Los Angeles, California. In 2020, we modified the messages to disseminate COVID-19-related information and support and share virtual PA resources.

Data Collection and Analysis

We analyzed quantitative and qualitative survey data to gauge participants’ experiences with the text messages.

Results

COVID-19 related text messages were a feasible, acceptable addition to a PA intervention for a sample of Latinos.

Conclusions

Throughout the pandemic, the messages enabled continued communication and support for PA and protection from COVID-19 in a population at high-risk of health inequities.
Membrane bending and sphingomyelinase-associated, sulfatide-dependent hypoxic adhesion of sickle mature erythrocytes
Authors: Goreke Utku , Kucukal Erdem , Wang Fang , An Ran , Arnold Nicole , Quinn Erina , Yuan Charlotte , Bode Allison , Hill Ailis , Man Yuncheng , Hambley Bryan C. , Schilz Robert , Ginwalla Mahazarin , Little Jane A. , Gurkan Umut A.
Published: January 2023

Abnormal erythrocyte adhesion owing to polymerization of sickle hemoglobin is central to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). Mature erythrocytes constitute >80% of all erythrocytes in SCD; however, the relative contributions of erythrocytes to acute and chronic vasculopathy in SCD are not well understood. Here, we showed that bending stress exerted on the erythrocyte plasma membrane by polymerization of sickle hemoglobin under hypoxia, enhances sulfatide-mediated abnormal mature erythrocyte adhesion. We hypothesized that sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, which is upregulated by accumulated bending energy, leads to elevated membrane sulfatide availability, and thus, hypoxic mature erythrocyte adhesion. We found that mature erythrocyte adhesion to laminin in controlled microfluidic experiments is significantly greater under hypoxia than under normoxia (1856 ± 481 vs 78 ± 23, mean ± SEM), whereas sickle reticulocyte (early erythrocyte) adhesion, high to begin with, does not change (1281 ± 299 vs 1258 ± 328, mean ± SEM). We showed that greater mean accumulated bending energy of adhered mature erythrocytes was associated with higher acid SMase activity and increased mature erythrocyte adhesion (P = .022, for acid SMase activity and P = .002 for the increase in mature erythrocyte adhesion with hypoxia, N = 5). In addition, hypoxia results in sulfatide exposure of the erythrocyte membrane, and an increase in SMase, whereas anti-sulfatide inhibits enhanced adhesion of erythrocytes. These results suggest that the lipid components of the plasma membrane contribute to SCD complications. Therefore, sulfatide and the components of its upregulation pathway, particularly SMase, should be further explored as potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting sickle erythrocyte adhesion.
The novel biomarkers for assessing clinical benefits of continuous renal replacement therapy in pediatric sepsis: a pilot study
Authors: Cui Yun , Feng Shuyun , Miao Huijie , Liu Tiantian , Shi Jingyi , Dou Jiaying , Wang Chunxia , Zhang Yucai
Published: January 2023

Background

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been considered as an adjuvant therapy for sepsis. However, the novel biomarker to evaluate the benefits of CRRT is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the novel biomarkers involved in the impact of CRRT in pediatric sepsis.

Methods

The serum proteomic profiles on the 7th day after CRRT (CRRT 7th day) compared with before CRRT (CRRT 1st day) was determined in 3 children with sepsis as a discovery set. The screened candidates were confirmed in the validation cohort including patients received CRRT (CRRT group) and without CRRT (non-CRRT group). We defined that pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score (pSOFA) in pediatric patients with sepsis decreased by 2 points or more on the CRRT 1st day compared with CRRT initiation as CRRT responders. The changes of serum biomarkers were compared between CRRT responders and CRRT non-responders. Moreover, correlation analysis was further conducted in pediatric sepsis.

Results

A total of 145 differentially expressed proteins were found according to the serum proteomics profiles. By visualizing the interaction between the differential proteins, 6 candidates (Lysozyme C [LYZ], Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein [LRG1], Fibromodulin [FMOD], Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin [SERPINA3], L-selectin [SELL], Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 [CD14]) were screened. In the validation cohort, serum levels of LYZ and LRG1 showed a higher trend on the CRRT 7th day than that on the 1st day in the non-CRRT group. However, the changes in levels of LYZ and LRG1 on the 7th day was significant in the CRRT group (p = 0.016, p = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, the levels of LYZ and LRG1 on the CRRT 7th day in the CRRT group were significantly higher than that in the non-CRRT group (p < 0.001, p = 0.025). Decreased levels of CD14 were associated with sepsis recovery, but not associated with CRRT. There were no significantly difference in serum FMOD, SERPINA3, and SELL levels. Importantly, serum LYZ and LRG1 levels changed in CRRT responders, but not CRRT non-responders. Further analysis indicated that serum LYZ levels were correlated to total platelet counts, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and albumin levels, and serum LRG1 level were correlated to total platelet count and TBIL levels on the 1st day in the CRRT group. Protein–protein interaction network analysis displayed that serum LYZ and LRG1 were involved in the process of inflammatory response, leucocytes adhesion to vascular endothelial cell, as well as complement activation.

Conclusion

Elevated serum LYZ and LRG1 levels are associated with clinical benefits of CRRT during sepsis.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the effects of light quality on maize hybrids
Authors: Zhan Weimin , Guo Guanghui , Cui Lianhua , Rashid Muhammad Abdul Rehman , Jiang Liangliang , Sun Guanghua , Yang Jianping , Zhang Yanpei
Published: January 2023

Background

Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the phenotypic superiority of an F1hybrid relative to its parents in terms of growth rate, biomass production, grain yield, and stress tolerance. Light is an energy source and main environmental cue with marked impacts on heterosis in plants. Research into the production applications and mechanism of heterosis has been conducted for over a century and a half, but little is known about the effect of light on plant heterosis.

Results

In this study, an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed using maize (Zea maysL.) inbred parents, B73 and Mo17, and their hybrids, B73 × Mo17 (BM) and Mo17 × B73 (MB), grown in darkness or under far-red, red, or blue light. Most differentially expressed genes (73.72–92.50%) and differentially accumulated metabolites (84.74–94.32%) exhibited non-additive effects in BM and MB hybrids. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that differential genes and metabolites were involved in glutathione transfer, carbohydrate transport, terpenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. The darkness, far-red, red, and blue light treatments were all associated with phenylpropanoid–flavonoid biosynthesis by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Five genes and seven metabolites related to phenylpropanoid–flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified as potential contributors to the interactions between maize heterosis and light conditions. Consistent with the strong mid-parent heterosis observed for metabolites, significant increases in both fresh and dry weights were found in the MB and BM hybrids compared with their inbred parents. Unexpectedly, increasing light intensity resulted in higher biomass heterosis in MB, but lower biomass heterosis in BM.

Conclusions

The transcriptomic and metabolomic results provide unique insights into the effects of light quality on gene expression patterns and genotype–environment interactions, and have implications for gene mining of heterotic loci to improve maize production.
Clinical predictors and management for radial artery spasm: an Australian cross-sectional study
Authors: Curtis Elizabeth , Fernandez Ritin , Khoo John , Weaver James , Lee Astin , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The transradial approach for coronary artery catheterisation has increased in popularity compared to the transfemoral approach for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. However, radial artery spasm continues to be a major complication of the procedure. Current management strategies vary concerning radial artery spasm and there is limited evidence of practice in the Australian context.

Aim

To identify the predictors of radial artery spasm and the medications used for its prevention and management.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a three-month period in two tertiary hospitals in NSW, Australia. A self-administered pre-procedural survey was completed by patients undergoing coronary artery catheterisation. This survey collected socio-demographic data and assessed anxiety using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Procedural data, including length of procedure, equipment used, occurrence of radial artery spasm, and medications given, were collected post-procedure by the interventionalist.

Results

Of the 169 participants, over half were male (59.8%) and aged 66 years or older (56.8%). Radial artery spasm was reported in 24 (14.2%) participants. Rates of spasm were significantly higher among females (66.6%, p = 0.004), those aged under 65 years (62.5%, p = 0.001) and those who reported a medical history of anxiety (33.3%, p = 0.0004). There were no significant differences in State and Trait anxiety scores among those who had RAS and those who did not. Logistic regression identified younger age as the only statistically significant predictor of RAS (OR 0.536; 95% CI 0.171–1.684; p = 0.005).

To prevent radial artery spasm most patients received midazolam (n = 158; 93.5%), nitrates (n = 133; 78.7%) and/or fentanyl (n = 124; 73.4%) prophylactically. Nitrates were the most frequently administered medication to treat radial artery spasm (78.7%).

Conclusion

This study highlights that there is a need to develop a clearer understanding of the predictors of RAS, as identifying patients at risk can ensure prophylactic measures are implemented. This study identified nitrates as the preferred vasodilator as a preventative measure along with the use of sedation.
Perceived neighborhood environment walkability and health-related quality of life among predominantly Black and Latino adults in New York City
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Kodali Hanish , Wyka Katarzyna E , Huang Terry T.-K.
Published: January 2023

Background

Measures of the built environment such as neighborhood walkability have been associated with health behaviors such as physical activity, the lack of which in turn may contribute to the development of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, limited research has examined these measures in association with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), particularly in minoritized populations. We examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood environment and HR-QoL in a sample of mostly Black and Latino residents in New York City (NYC).

Methods

This study utilized the baseline survey data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study among 1252 residents [34.6% Black, 54.1% Latino, 80.1% female, mean(±SD) age = 38.8 ± 12.5) in 54 park neighborhoods in NYC. Perceived built environment was measured using Neighborhood Environment and Walkability Survey, and mental and physical HR-QoL was estimated using Short Form (SF)-12. Using factor analysis, we identified two subscales of neighborhood walkability: enablers (e.g., trails, sidewalks, esthetics) vs. barriers (e.g., high crime and traffic). In addition, we included a third subscale on neighborhood satisfaction. Generalized Estimating Equation models adjusted for demographics and BMI and accounted for the clustering effect within neighborhood. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data.

Results

Mental HR-QoL was associated with barriers of walkability (β ± SE = − 1.63 ± 0.55, p < 0.01) and neighborhood satisfaction (β ± SE = 1.55 ± 0.66, p = 0.02), after adjusting for covariates. Physical HR-QoL was associated with only barriers of walkability (β ± SE = − 1.13 ± 0.57, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Among NYC residents living in minoritized neighborhoods, mitigating negative aspects of the neighborhood environment may be more crucial than adding positive features in terms of HR-QoL. Our study points to the need to investigate further the role of the built environment in urban, minoritized communities.
How did UK social distancing restrictions affect the lives of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? A qualitative exploration of survivor views
Authors: McKinlay A. R. , Simon Y. R. , May T. , Fancourt D. , Burton A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Increased numbers of domestic abuse cases were reported at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people experiencing abuse faced barriers to seeking support with service closures affecting the sector. Available evidence suggests women are overrepresented in the reported cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) and we aimed to learn more about how their lives were impacted by social distancing restrictions.

Methods

We conducted an online qualitative interview study, using reflexive thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted between April 2021 and March 2022. 18 women in the UK with past experiences of IPV provided informed consent and participated in this study.

Results

During the analysis, we identified five themes relating to the impact of lockdown restrictions on participants’ lives, including: (1) Lockdown meant being confined to a place where abuse was escalating, (2) Barriers to accessing support, including “cancelled” services and missed opportunities to intervene during interactions in lockdown with frontline workers. (3) Increased feelings of fear, isolation, and loss of control, particularly during the early stages of the pandemic from the combination of abuse and pandemic-related changes to daily life. (4) Some forms of support were more accessible during the pandemic, such as provision of online psychological support and social groups. Participants also accessed new forms of support for the first time during the pandemic, in some cases sparked by posts and content on social media about abuse awareness. (5) For some, psychosocial wellbeing transformed during the pandemic, with several participants using the word “freedom” when reflecting on their experience of simultaneously escaping abuse and living through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

In this study, we explored the views of female survivors of IPV in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results highlight the importance of combined public awareness campaigns and community intervention points for victims to safely seek help during social distancing restrictions. Having the time and space to reflect on healing after escaping abuse was described by women in our study as a benefit from their lives in lockdown, which is a factor that could be incorporated into future initiatives developed to support people subjected to violence and abuse.
Short-term effects of Kinesio taping combined with cervical muscles multi-angle isometric training in patients with cervical spondylosis
Authors: Xiong Jian , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Zhichao , Ma Yan , Li Zuhong , Chen Yongjin , Liu Qi , Liao Weijing
Published: January 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Kinesio taping (KT) combined with multi-angle isometric resistance training for cervical spondylosis.

Methods

Sixty-one patients were divided into two groups by random number table method. Both groups were given multi-angle isometric training, the patients in the observation group were supplemented with Kinesio taping. Before and after treatment, the symptoms of cervical spine function were evaluated in two groups by visual analogue scale (VAS), cervical dysfunction index (NDI), cervical range of motion and muscle stiffness.

Results

After 3 weeks of treatment, VAS, NDI scores and the cervical range of motion were significantly better than before (P < 0.05). The range of anterior flexion and extension was significantly larger than the control group (P < 0.05), but the range of other motions were not certain. The muscle stiffness in KT group were significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusion

Kinesio taping combined with multi-angle isometric resistance training can further alleviate the clinical symptoms and correct the neck abnormal posture. But its effects on the range of cervical motion remain uncertain.