bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of activated peat for remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products
Authors: Adelfinskaya Ekaterina A. , Myazin Vladimir A.
Published: February 2021

One of the most serious environmental problem in the Far North of the Russian Federation is the pollution of the territory by oil and oil products. Ecosystems of this region are extremely vulnerable, their remediation after anthropogenic impact, such as spill of fuels, can last for decades. This is the reason for necessity of the development of effective methods for cleaning and restoring oil-contaminated lands. As a result of undertaken laboratory study, the possibility of bioremediation of soils contaminated with oil products using activated peat as a sorbent and organic fertilizer was shown. Two weeks after the addition of activated peat, the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil decreased by 22-47% due to dilution of pollution and improvement of air and nutrient regime. After reclamation, the germination rate of the seeds of a test culture increased by 1,6-3,7 times. The optimum amount of peat required for adding into contaminated sandy soil, depending on the degree of contamination, has also been established. Based on the studies, recommendations for the remediation of the contaminated area of 0.07 ha located in the north-west of the Murmansk region using peat and mineral fertilizers were developed.
The zoobenthos of the river Tzraudon, the Terek river basin
Authors: Dzhioeva Iya E. , Cherchesova Susanna K. , Novatorov Oleg A. , Tsagaeva Zarina K.
Published: February 2021

The paper provides information about the fauna of amphibious insects that live in the river Tsraudon, discusses the ecology of species, the dynamics of species diversity. The collected material in the classes Turbellaria (Tricladida), Crustacea (Amphipoda), Arachnida (Hydracarina), Insecta (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Diptera), Gastropoda (Pulmonata), is represented by 55 species from 29 families; among zoobenthos, Insecta dominates (87 %). All insects except the order Odonata are represented by litoreophilic, stenothermic species.
School’s Perspectives on Educational Programmes under Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. Case Study: Malaysia
Authors: Azhar Athirah , Azman Azlinda
Published: February 2021

This study explores the impacts of the Corporate Social Responsibility educational programme from the schools’ perspectives towards their pupils and school. A qualitative approach was chosen from a case study of these programmes conducted in Malaysia. The method used for data collection was semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was adopted to collect data from headmasters/mistresses from 10 primary schools and was analysed using narrative analysis. Findings shows that these programmes have impacted pupils through educational exposure, a holistic approach, academic improvement, feeling motivated, encouraging creativity and assisting in pupils’ future career development. One of the impacts that were related to the educational programmes was the teaching and learning knowledge that was gained by the teachers. Other than that, the educational programmes also eased the financial burden of the school as well as providing benefits to the surrounding community. Schools suggested that the programmes should be improved by creating better and more programme type content, being more academically focused, allocating more funding, being conducted over a longer period for sustainability, and conducting the programme more regularly. Corporate Social Responsibility educational programmes in future are suggested to be academic related which should include an English language programme, information technology, 21st century learning, a green programme, basic skills (read, write, count), a motivational programme, and a study visit. In conclusion, CSR educational programmes initiatives must be sustainable because it had great impact on pupils, teachers, schools, and the community surrounding the school.
Employability and Inclusion of Non-traditional University Students: Limitations and Challenges
Authors: Rodríguez María Aurora Tenorio , González-Monteagudo José , Padilla-Carmona Teresa
Published: February 2021

In recent decades employability has become more visible and is part of the agenda of European universities, leading to a closer link between higher education and the labour market. In this context, the objectives of this study are: to analyse the approach to employability developed by the university; to find out the influence of employability policies on non-traditional students; and the alignment of the development of employability with the democratic mission of the university. Qualitative research has been carried out at one public university in Southern Spain, based on 40 in-depth interviews, undertaken with non-traditional students and graduates, employers, and university staff. The main results obtained are: the employability approach is based on the acquisition of key skills, in the framework of neoliberal policies; the opportunities offered to students to improve their employability are unevenly distributed and, therefore, scarcely available to underrepresented students; and the market-oriented concept of employability damages non-traditional students. The development of the democratic and inclusive role to be developed by the universities requires challenging the policies and practices on employability, that are based on neoliberal perspectives. This involves the visibility of the power relations at stake as well as the promotion of critical and reflective pedagogies, with the aim of questioning and reducing the inequalities faced by non-traditional students.
Composition as Devised Collaboration
Authors: Seán Clancy  , Andy Ingamells
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research was to explore devised collaboration between Seán Clancy and Andy Ingamells as a compositional process through the creation of two works that use collaborative creative strategies in different ways:

1. in This is About, by devising all material through the act of doing, considering all material in a given process to be collaborative.

2. in Antonio Guillem, by collaboratively constructing and performing a piece remotely over the internet, intended as a creative response to the pandemic by exploring technology in a novel way.

This exposition provides contextual information to support the two creative outcomes.

Both works borrow aspects from other areas of Clancy's practice research, such as intervention and translation (available here). Both were devised through discussion, creating material by moving back and forth between doing and reflecting. We explored the collaborative process through a kind of visual musique concrète arising from the images of performance situations. In both works the compositional process was scrutinised, reviewed by funding bodies and festival directors, and disseminated internationally by BBC Radio 3, Twitch and YouTube.
maskings
Authors: Corey Mwamba
Published: February 2021

"maskings" is an exposition distilled from a wider research project called "how the vibraphone can be a mouth". Using music, prose, and free verse, I seek to highlight the issues that project revealed within jazz and improvised music studies, and studies into vibraphone practice; briefly show the practical-philosophical roots of my methodology in the research; and present the practice-led roots of my current philosophy of the vibraphone.
Isolated Attractors- TTT2020- Conference
Authors: Sergio Patricio
Published: February 2021

Attractors cause attraction, collision, repulsion and distraction between different poles of charged energies. Latour makes a metaphor about these attractors in society and politics by defining many layers of interaction between the poles, decades after quantum physics observed strange attractors in chaotic systems of particles. Initial conditions could make a difference in terms of observation of strange attractors in art practices, where artists have the access to continue their own art practice, and who have also faced the art market and non patronage within a competitive society of succession. The proposal observes an isolated artist, connected virtually to the environment, but losing social skills, because of social distancing. Isolation in artists is present here and now in today's societies, with society’s own practices infected by worldwide news, porn, violence, loneliness and a vacuum in daily life routines. What kind of attractors proceed in an artist’s own art practice while in isolation, at home in a shared “WG”(shared flat) , without the resources to develop their own art and without the possibility of success and social empowerment? Which kind of strange attractor could possibly define the steps and procedures of this new generation of artists who don’t feel supported and who feel isolated in their “home” artwork? This paper attempts to observe this idea based on a few cases by comparing interviews with artists isolated by Convid-19 in 2020 in different countries.
Transforming performance- an inquiry into the emotional processes of a classical pianist
Authors: Francisca Skoogh
Published: February 2021

This artistic research PhD project challenges classical music performance culture through a series of experimental collaborative projects. My particular interest lies in how this culture shapes the psychological experience of performance from the perspective of the individual musician. The project’s aims can be further defined through the following research questions: a) How can I better understand the psychological impact that the traditions and ceremonies of classical music have on my performance? b) Departing from my own practice, what other factors affect me emotionally during performance? c) How can experimentation with the traditions of performance culture in classical music provide different modes of emotional regulation in staged performance?
This thesis is a compilation of projects and publications in which I explore classical music performance through my individual experience as a soloist. Selected concert performances of classical works, experimentation with performance settings, and the creation of two commissioned works, play central roles.
The method and design builds on the qualitative study of several case studies of my practice as a concert pianist in collaboration with other musicians, choreographers and composers. The methodological approach entails combinations of autoethnographic methods, stimulated recall and thematic analysis. The theoretical framework is twofold, and rests on psychological and psychoanalytical perspectives as well as on a socio-historically driven analysis of the music-theoretical concept of Werktreue.
Some artistic results are available online in The Research Catalogue and others are published on the CD Notes from Endenich (Daphne Records). The combined outcomes of the project suggest, that musicians can benefit from an increased awareness of factors that affect the western classical music performer. While this thesis is specifically directed towards other musicians, it is also my hope that the findings can be valuable also in other research fields. Without the active contribution from musicians and artists into the investigation of how they function as performers, and of the values that accompany them on-stage, it is difficult to understand which needs should be addressed scientifically. For music researchers, there are many opportunities to dig into the different aspects of performance, but it is vital to let musicians show the way by collaborating within the field of Artistic Research, and thereby, together with musicians, find new ways to transform their experience of performing.
Catalogue d'Emojis
Authors: Paul Norman  , Michael Wolters
Published: February 2021

Catalogue d'Emojis is a Live Performance and CD release of a new work for two performers and two pianists by Dr Paul Norman and Dr Michael Wolters (who together work under the name 'Difficult Listening').
11 rue Simon Corbellier
Authors: Nadja Lipsyc
Published: February 2021

you're the abstract
THE ROLE OF MUBALIGH AND PARENTS IN GROWING CHILDREN'S CHARACTER IN KAMPONG GAYAU SARAWAK MALAYSIA
Authors: Rustan Edhy , Akmal Miftahul Jannah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to obtain an overview of how to foster children's character through the role of Islamic education from Mubaligh and contributions of parents in Gayau Pantu Sri Aman village, Sarawak, Malaysia. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study design. The subjects of this study were children aged 10-12 years old. The minority converts are tenheads of families, and the preacher consists of two people who come from the community. Data were collected through interviews and observations. Data analysis refers to the Milles and Huberman model, namely: 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation, and 4) makingconclusions. The data validity technique used triangulation of data and sources. The results showed that mubaligh and parents play a role in developing children's character by applying social-oriented religious learning. Religion and tolerance are the most dominant characters that grow in children.Â
Heroin Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Bond Michael , Butler Kenneth , Richardson Adam , Blosser Kelly
Published: February 2021

A 49-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with dyspnea,
a respiratory rate of 26 times per minute and a room air oxygen
saturation of 69% after nasal inhalation of heroin. A chest computed
tomography angiogram (CTA) revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities in
all five lung lobes representing hypersensitivity pneumonitis
EXPERIENCES OF NURSES DIAGNOSED WITH COVID-19
Authors: AYDIN Ruveyde , BULUT ENES
Published: February 2021

Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who were
diagnosed with coronavirus-19 and received treatment from their
perspective. Background: Coronavirus-19 has caused many people to become
sick and die. Nurses who struggle with coronavirus-19 in the forefront
have been physically and psychologically influenced by the pandemic, and
many nurses were diagnosed with coronavirus-19 and even died. Methods: A
descriptive qualitative approach was used. The study was conducted with
18 nurses diagnosed with coronavirus-19, and the data were collected
using a semi-structured individual interview form. The data were
analysed with the thematic analysis technique using Meleis et al.’s
mid-range theory on experiencing transitions. COREQ Checklist was
followed as EQUATOR Checklist. Results: Nurses’ experiences when
diagnosed with coronavirus-19 have been examined under 6 main themes as
emotions experienced when finding out to be coronavirus-19 positive, the
emotions during the quarantine process, posttraumatic growth, methods of
coping with coronavirus-19, nursing care after coronavirus-19 treatment,
and metaphors about coronavirus-19. Conclusion: The study revealed that
nurses diagnosed with coronavirus-19 experienced fear, loneliness,
frustration, depressed mood, exclusion, and fear of death. Besides,
after coronavirus-19 treatment, they experience posttraumatic growth
such as spiritual change, changes in the relationship with others,
changes in priorities, and appreciation of the meaning of life. They
cope with adverse situations caused by coronavirus-19 by getting social
support, positive thinking, paying attention to nutrition, and engaging
in domestic activities. Besides, they perform their nursing care after
coronavirus-19 with more empathy and emphasizing the psychological
aspect of care. Relevance to clinical practice Being diagnosed with
coronavirus-19 has caused the nurses to be negatively affected
psychologically (fear, depression, loneliness, etc.). It is recommended
to provide professional psychological counselling services to nurses
during the pandemic and maintain these services 24/7.
Comparing cost of intravenous infusion and subcutaneous biologics in COVID-19 pandemic care pathways -- A brief UK stakeholder survey
Authors: Heald Adrian , Bramham-Jones Steven , Davies Mark
Published: February 2021

Objectives One important group of people at higher risk from the
COVID-19 pandemic are those with autoimmune conditions including
rheumatoid arthritis/inflammatory bowel disease. To minimise infection
risk, many people are now being switched from intravenous to
subcutaneous biologics including biosimilars. A key question is how
transition costs are viewed by clinicians. Design The survey was
designed to understand the comparative economic issues related to the
intravenous infusion vs subcutaneous biologic administration routes for
infliximab. The survey focused on direct cost drivers/indirect cost
drivers. Wider policy implications linked to the pandemic were also
explored. Setting/Participants Semi structured telephone interviews were
carried out with twenty key stakeholders across the NHS from
clinical/pharmacy/commissioning roles. The interviews were undertaken
virtually 5thApril-27thApril 2020 and included a semi-structured
interview framework with questions across the two administration routes.
Results From interview results a simple cost analysis was developed plus
a qualitative analysis of reports on wider policy/patient impacts. Key
findings included evidence of significant variation in infusion tariffs
UK wide, with interviewees reporting that not all actual costs incurred
are captured in published tariff costs. A cost analysis showed
administration costs 50% that of infusion, with a most patients
administering subcutaneous medicines themselves. Other indirect benefits
to this route included less pressure on infusion unit waiting times and
reduced risk of COVID-19 infection plus reduced patient costs. However,
this was to some extent offset by increased pressure on home-care and
community/primary care services. Conclusions Switching from infusion to
subcutaneous routes is currently being driven by the COVID-19 pandemic
in many services. A case for biologics (infusion vs subcutaneous) must
be made on accurate real-world economic analysis. In an analysis of
direct/indirect costs, excluding medicine acquisition costs,
subcutaneous administration appears to be the more cost saving option
for many patients even without the benefit of industry funded home-care.
The Effects of Pharmacological Interventions on Smoking Cessation in People with Alcohol Dependence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nine Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guo kangle , Li Jingwen , Jieyun Li , Chen Nan , li yanfei , yang kehu , Li Xiuxia
Published: February 2021

Background Pharmacotherapies are widely used for smoking cessation.
However, their effect on smoking cessation for people with alcohol
dependence remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to explore the
effects of pharmacotherapies on smoking cessation for people with
alcohol dependence. Methods Five electronic databases were searched in
January 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the use
of pharmacotherapies to promote smoking cessation in people with alcohol
dependence. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.
RevMan version 5.3 was used to perform meta-analyses of the changes in
smoking behavior, and the GRADE approach was used to assess the
certainty of the evidence. Results Nine RCTs involving 908 smokers with
alcohol dependence were identified. Eight RCTs were published in the
United States, and one was from Canada. The risk of bias was rated as
low in three studies and unclear in the remaining six. The results of
the meta-analysis showed that, compared with the placebo group,
Varenicline had a significant effect on short-term smoking cessation
(three RCTs, OR = 6.27, 95% CI: [2.49, 15.78], p < 0.05,
very low certainty). Naltrexone had no significant effect on smoking
cessation in short-term or long-term observations (three RCTs, OR =
0.99, 95% CI: [0.54, 1.81], p = 0.97, moderate certainty), and
Topiramate had no significant effect (two RCTs, OR = 1.56, 95% CI:
[0.67, 3.46], p > 0.05, low certainty). Only one trial
reported that Bupropion had no effect on smoking cessation. Conclusion
Varenicline may have a positive effect on smoking cessation in people
with alcohol dependence. However, Naltrexone, Topiramate, and Bupropion
seem to have no clear effect on increasing smoking abstinence among
drinkers. The small number of studies and the low certainty of evidence
indicate that caution is required in interpreting the results.
Incident atrial fibrillation and its risk prediction in patients developing COVID-19: A machine learning based algorithm approach
Authors: Genaidy Ash
Published: February 2021

Background The elderly multi-morbid patient is at high risk of adverse
outcomes with COVID-19 complications, and in the general population, the
development of incident AF is associated with worse outcomes in such
patients. We therefore investigated incident AF risks in a large
prospective population of elderly patients with/without incident
COVID-19 cases and baseline cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular
multi-morbidities. We used two approaches: main-effect modeling and
secondly, a machine-learning (ML) approach accounting for complex
dynamic relationships. Methods We studied a prospective elderly US
cohort of 280592 patients from medical databases in a 8-month
investigation of new COVID19 cases. Incident AF outcomes were examined
in relationship to diverse multi-morbid conditions, COVID-19 status and
demographic variables, with ML accounting for the dynamic nature of
changing multimorbidity risk factors. Results Multi-morbidity
contributed to the onset of confirmed COVID-19 cases with cognitive
impairment (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.52-1.88), anemia (OR 1.41; 95%CI
1.32-1.50), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.27-1.44) and vascular
disease (OR 1.30; 95%CI 1.21-1.39) having the highest associations. A
main effect model (C-index value 0.718) showed that COVID-19 had the
highest association with incident AF cases (OR 3.12; 95%CI 2.61-3.710,
followed by congestive heart failure (1.72; 95%CI 1.50-1.96), then
coronary artery disease (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.27-1.60) and valvular disease
(1.42; 95%CI 1.26-1.60). The ML algorithm demonstrated improved
discriminatory validity incrementally over the statistical main effect
model (training: C-index 0.729, 95%CI 0.718-0.740; validation: C-index
0.704, 95%CI 0.687-0.72). Calibration of ML based formulation was
satisfactory and better than the main-effect model. Decision curve
analysis demonstrated that the clinical utility for the ML based
formulation was better than the ‘treat all’ strategy and the main effect
model. Conclusion COVID-19 status has major implications for incident AF
in a cohort with diverse cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular
multi-morbidities. Our approach accounting for dynamic multimorbidity
changes had good prediction for incident AF amongst incident COVID19
cases.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and viral illness in DiGeorge syndrome. Case report and literature review.
Authors: Yousaf Zohaib , Ata Fateen , Iqbal Phool , Muthanna Bassam , Khan Adeel , Akram Jaweria , Kartha Anand
Published: February 2021

DiGeorge syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder due to long arm
microdeletion of chromosome 22. Isolated hemolysis is rarely seen in
DiGeorge syndrome and is usually reported in conjunction with idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura. We report a case of DiGeorge syndrome with
AIHA, which was successfully managed by intravenous steroids and
intravenous immunoglobulins.
Auditor Evaluation of Manager's Competence After a Failure in Internal Control
Authors: Maksymov Eldar M.
Published: February 2021

Audit guidance requires auditors to assess management's competence with respect to internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) based on the recommendations of COSO's integrated framework. The omission bias theory suggests that after internal control failures, auditors may assess managers' competence in a manner inconsistent with these requirements. Results from four experiments using 313 experienced audit and accounting professionals support this concern and a means of mitigating it. I find that auditors view the manager to be most competent when prior to the failure in the key control the manager did nothing to prevent the failure versus reinforced the key control. I do not find this effect when auditors had shared their concerns about the key control with the manager prior to the control's failure. My results also show that auditors incorporate their competence judgments about management into evaluations of the ICFR, as required by the audit guidance.
The Joint Effects of Partner Rotation and PCAOB Inspections on Audit Effort
Authors: Winn Amanda M.
Published: February 2021

This study experimentally tests the joint effects of mandatory partner rotation and PCAOB inspections on audit effort. Using a sample comprised primarily of audit partners, I find that experienced auditors plan lower effort prior to mandatory partner rotation and higher effort when PCAOB inspection risk is high relative to low. Thus, the net effect of anticipating mandatory partner rotation and high PCAOB inspection risk is no change in effort. Partners also reallocate effort away from planning and testing activities prior to rotation, consistent with a disincentive to invest in outgoing clients, while both partner rotation and high PCAOB inspection risk cause partners to spend more effort on documentation. Supplemental evidence about the spillover effects of mandatory partner rotation and PCAOB inspection risk on non-targeted clients is inconsistent with shirking behavior. Results are of interest to legislators, regulators, and auditors during the ongoing debate about the effects of current regulations.

Data Availability: Contact the author.
The City of Casey: A Blazing Fraud
Authors: Solsma Lori L. , Njoroge Joyce , Heaston Patrick H.
Published: February 2021

This case involves cash theft at the City of Casey, a small town in Iowa. To avoid detection in an impending audit, the city clerk set the administrative offices on fire. The State Auditor's Office performed an investigation and discovered misappropriations of about $300,000. This case allows students to analyze a fraud in a local governmental unit where limited resources and incompatible duties are common within the accounting function. The loss of documentary evidence challenges investigation of the fraud and provides students with an opportunity to discuss forensic accounting. The primary case objectives are (1) to identify risks and related fraud perpetration methods, (2) identify useful sources of evidence when original source documents and accounting records are missing, and (3) provide recommendations to minimize fraud risk. This case can be used in fraud and audit courses.
Needs Versus Wants: The Mental Accounting and Effort Effects of Tangible Rewards
Authors: Mitchell Timothy , Presslee Adam , Schulz Axel K-D. , Webb R. Alan
Published: February 2021

The use of tangible rewards to motivate employees is common in North American organizations. However, there is considerable variation regarding the nature of tangible rewards used with some firms offering hedonic items (e.g., wants) and others offering utilitarian items (e.g., needs). We use two studies to examine the effects of tangible reward nature on employee mental accounting and effort. In Study 1, consistent with predictions, we find that hedonic tangible rewards are mentally accounted for separately from utilitarian tangible rewards, and that hedonic tangible rewards are more likely categorized separately from regular earnings than are utilitarian tangible rewards. In Study 2, as predicted, we find hedonic tangible rewards lead to greater effort than utilitarian tangible rewards. Collectively, results from our two studies demonstrate the motivational benefits of offering performance-based hedonic tangible rewards rather than utilitarian tangible rewards and offer new insights regarding the mental accounting mechanisms underlying these effects.

Data Availability: Data are available on request.

JEL Classifications: C91; M41; M52.
Glucokinase Inactivation Paradoxically Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance by Increasing β-Cell Mass in db/db Mice
Authors: Omori Kazuno , Nakamura Akinobu , Miyoshi Hideaki , Yamauchi Yuki , Kawata Shinichiro , Takahashi Kiyohiko , Kitao Naoyuki , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Terauchi Yasuo , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: February 2021

Efficacy of glucokinase activation on glycemic control is limited to a short-term period. One reason might be related to excess glucose signaling by glucokinase activation toward β-cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucokinase haploinsufficiency on glucose tolerance as well as β-cell function and mass using a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that in db/db mice with glucokinase haploinsufficiency, glucose tolerance was ameliorated by augmented insulin secretion associated with the increase in β-cell mass when compared with db/db mice. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical and metabolomic analyses revealed that glucokinase haploinsufficiency in the islets of db/db mice was associated with lower expression of stress-related genes, greater expression of transcription factors involved in the maintenance and maturation of β-cell function, less mitochondrial damage, and a superior metabolic pattern. These effects of glucokinase haploinsufficiency could preserve β-cell mass under diabetic conditions. These findings verified our hypothesis that optimizing excess glucose signaling in β-cells by inhibiting glucokinase could prevent β-cell insufficiency, leading to improving glucose tolerance in diabetes status by preserving β-cell mass. Therefore, glucokinase inactivation in β-cells, paradoxically, could be a potential strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Metformin Benefits: Another Example for Alternative Energy Substrate Mechanism?
Authors: Giaccari Andrea , Solini Anna , Frontoni Simona , Del Prato Stefano
Published: February 2021

Since the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), metformin has been considered the first-line medication for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Though direct evidence from specific trials is still lacking, several studies have suggested that metformin may protect from diabetes- and nondiabetes-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and neoplastic diseases. In the past few decades, several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain metformin’s protective effects, none being final. It is certain, however, that metformin increases lactate production, concentration, and, possibly, oxidation. Once considered a mere waste product of exercising skeletal muscle or anaerobiosis, lactate is now known to act as a major energy shuttle, redistributed from production sites to where it is needed. Through the direct uptake and oxidation of lactate produced elsewhere, all end organs can be rapidly supplied with fundamental energy, skipping glycolysis and its possible byproducts. Increased lactate production (and consequent oxidation) could therefore be considered a positive mechanism of action of metformin, except when, under specific circumstances, metformin and lactate become excessive, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis. We are proposing that, rather than considering metformin-induced lactate production as dangerous, it could be considered a mechanism through which metformin exerts its possible protective effect on the heart, kidneys, and brain and, to some extent, its antineoplastic action.
Differences in Biomarkers of Inflammation Between Novel Subgroups of Recent-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Herder Christian , Maalmi Haifa , Strassburger Klaus , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Ratter Jacqueline M. , Karusheva Yanislava , Elhadad Mohamed A. , Bódis Kálmán , Bongaerts Brenda W. C. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Trenkamp Sandra , Waldenberger Melanie , Burkart Volker , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael , Group GDS
Published: February 2021

A novel clustering approach identified five
subgroups of diabetes with distinct progression trajectories of complications.
We hypothesized that these subgroups differ in multiple biomarkers of
inflammation. Serum levels of 74 biomarkers of inflammation were measured in
414 individuals with recent adult-onset diabetes from the German Diabetes Study
(GDS) allocated to five subgroups based on data-driven analysis. Pairwise
differences between subgroups for biomarkers were assessed with generalized
linear mixed models before (model 1) and after adjustment (model 2) for the clustering variables.
Participants were assigned to five subgroups: severe autoimmune diabetes
(SAID, 21%), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3%), severe
insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 9%), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 32%)
and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 35%). In model 1, 23 biomarkers showed ≥1 pairwise
difference between subgroups (Bonferroni-corrected p<0.0007). Biomarker levels were generally highest in SIRD
and lowest in SIDD. All 23 biomarkers correlated with ≥1 of the clustering variables.
In model 2, three biomarkers (CASP-8, EN-RAGE, IL-6) showed at least one
pairwise difference between subgroups (e.g. lower CASP8, EN-RAGE and IL-6 in SIDD
vs. all other subgroups, all p<0.0007).
Thus, novel diabetes subgroups show multiple differences
in biomarkers of inflammation, underlining a prominent role of inflammatory
pathways in particular in SIRD.
Pledged into Harm: Sorority and Fraternity Members Face Increased Risk of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment
Authors:   University of Oregon, USA, Barnes Melissa L. , Adams-Clark Alexis ,   University of Oregon, USA, Rosenthal Marina N. ,   St. Mary's University of Minnesota, USA, Smith Carly P. ,   Radically Open DBT, USA, Freyd Jennifer J. ,   University of Oregon, USA
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the risk of sexual exploitation (both assault and harassment) associated with sorority and fraternity membership on U.S. college campuses. The results from this study come from data collected through an online survey. Participants (N=883) at a large Pacific Northwestern university provided information related to their sorority or fraternity membership, experiences of sexual violence (i.e., assault and harassment), and alcohol use. We both replicated and extended past research. Corroborating prior research, Greek-affiliated students experienced higher rates of sexual assault than non-affiliated students. We extended past research by focusing on sexual harassment experiences within the Greek life culture. Both male and female Greek-affiliated students reported higher rates of sexual harassment particularly unwanted sexual attention, compared to their non-Greek-affiliated peers. We also found that both sorority membership and alcohol-related problems predicted unique variance in women’s exposure to nonconsensual sexual contact, attempted/completed rape, and unwanted sexual attention. Fraternity membership but not alcohol-related problems predicted unique variance in men’s exposure to nonconsensual sexual contact and unwanted sexual attention. Implications discussed include the short- and long-term consequences of Greek-affiliation, institutional betrayal, and addressing sexual exploitation within this culture. Also identified are limitations of the current study and future directions for research on sexual exploitation within Greek life.
KONTRIBUSI PEMBELAJARAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI DAN LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERILAKU KEUANGAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Herawati Nyoman Trisna
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The Contribution of Learning in University and Financial Literacy To Student’s Financial Behaviour. The objective of this research is to determine the contribution of: (1) learning in university to student’s financial behavior, (2) the financial literacy to student’s financial behavior, (3) learning in university and financial literacy simultaneously to student’s financial behavior. The design of this research is explanatory research, which examines the contribution between learning in university and financial literacy to student’s financial behavior. The population in this study is all students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Undiksha. Data were collected using a question-naire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis (path analysis) using SPSS version 16.0 for windows. The result shows that learning in university does not contribute significantly to the financial behavior of the students. Financial literacy contributes positively and significantly to the financial behavior of students. Simultaneously learning in university and financial literacy are signifycantly contributing to the financial behavior of students. In general, the level of financial lite-racy of students at Faculty of Economics and Business comes within the low category.   Keywords: financial behavior, financial literacy, learning in university Abstrak: Kontribusi Pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi dan Literasi Keuangan terhadap Pe-rilaku Keuangan Mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kontribusi: (1) pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa, (2) literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa, (3) pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi dan literasi keuangan secara simultan terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksplanatori (ex-planatory research) yang mengkaji kontribusi antara pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi dan literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ma-hasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Undiksha. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesio-ner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis jalur (path analysis) dengan bantuan SPSS versi 16.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran di pergu-ruan tinggi tidak berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa. Literasi ke-uangan berkontribusi positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku keuangan mahasiswa. Secara simultan pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi dan literasi keuangan berkontribusi secara signifkan terhadap peri-laku keuangan mahasiswa. Secara umum tingkat literasi keuangan mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis tergolong masih rendah. Kata-kata Kunci: literasi keuangan, pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi, perilaku keuangan
TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS USING A DIGITAL COMIC STRIP
Authors: Adi Ana I Ketut Trika
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Teaching English for Young Learners Using a Digital Comic Strip. Since young learners get bored easily, English teachers should be creative in designing the instruction in order to make it interesting for the students. One of the ways that can be done by the English teachers to make their teaching and learning process becomes an interesting activity is by providing good teaching media. It is believed that young learners love story and colorful teaching media. Therefore, this article aims at explaining how to create a colorful digital comic strip and how to use it for teaching English. Specifically, this article discusses about: (1) the role of story in teaching English for young learners; (2) how to design and develop a digital comic strip; (3) how to teach English for young learners using a digital comic strip; and (4) the benefits of teaching English for young learners using a digital comic strip. It is expected that this article could give enough information for those English teachers who want to teach English for young learners using a digital comic strip. Keywords: comic strip, instructional media, young learners Abstrak: Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk Peserta Didik Anak-Anak Menggunakan Komik Strip. Para guru yang mengajar Bahasa Inggris untuk anak-anak hendaknya kreatif dalam mendesain sebuah pembelajaran untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik bagi peserta didik. Hal tersebut karena peserta didik anak-anak sangat cepat bosan. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilaku-kan untuk mencipatakan pembelajaran yang menarik adalah dengan membuat media pembelajaran yang bagus. Anak-anak biasanya menyukai cerita dan media pembelajaran yang berwarna-warni. Untuk itu artikel ini akan menjelaskan mengenai cara mengembangkan komik strip digital berwarna dan strategi untuk mengajar Bahasa Inggris menggunakan komik strip digital tersebut. Secara spesi-fik, artikel ini akan membahas mengenai: (1) peranan cerita dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris un-tuk peserta didik anak-anak; (2) cara mendesain dan mengembangkan komik strip digital; (3) strate-gi mengajar menggunakan komik strip digital; dan (4) manfaat pembelajaran bahasa Inggris meng-gunakan komik strip digital. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberikan informasi yang cukup bagi guru yang tertarik untuk mengajar Bahasa Inggris menggunakan komik strip digital. Kata-kata Kunci: komik strip, media pembelajaran, peserta didik kanak-anak,
Pengembangan Permainan Chemistry Scrabble (Chemscrabb) sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Materi Hukum-Hukum Dasar Kimia Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Kristy Dinda Purnama , Azra Fajriah
Published: February 2021

Permainan chemistry scrabble merupakan salah satu variasi dalam mengerjakan latihan untuk memantapkan konsep peserta didik pada materi hukum-hukum dasar kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan produk berupa permainan chemistry scrabble sebagai media pembelajaran pada materi hukum-hukum dasar kimia dan menentukan tingkat validitas dan praktikalitas media berdasarkan fungsi media dan ciri media praktis. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis Research and Development (R&D) dan menggunakan model 4-D. Penelitian ini dibatasi sampai tahap develop yaitu uji validitas dan praktikalitas. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket validitas dan angket praktikalitas. Uji validitas dilakukan oleh lima orang validator, sedangkan uji praktikalitas oleh dua orang guru kimia dan 20 orang peserta didik kelas XII. Teknik analisis data menggunakan formula momen Kappa Cohen. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan permainan chemscrabb memiliki validitas mencapai 0,81 yang berkategori sangat tinggi, praktikalitas guru sebesar 0,83 yang berkategori sangat tinggi serta praktikalitas peserta didik sebesar 0,81 yang berkategori sangat tinggi. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa permainan chemistry scrabble (chemscrabb) pada materi hukum-hukum dasar kimia yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai variasi media pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Permainan Chemistry Backgammon (Chemmon) sebagai media pembelajaran kimia pada materi hukum-hukum dasar kimia kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Mardani Meri Aulia , Azra Fajriah
Published: February 2021

Permainan Chemistry Backgammon (Chemmon) merupakan media pembelajaran yang berguna sebagai latihan untuk memperkuat pemahaman “hukum-hukum dasar kimia” peserta didik tentang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media permainan Chemmon menjadi media pembelajaran kimia terhadap hukum-hukum dasar kimia dan menentukan tingkat validitas serta praktikalitasnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Research and Development (R&D) yang menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D, yaitu fase define, design, develop dan disseminate. Pengembangan permainan Chemmon terbatas pada fase develop dengan melakukan pengujian validitas dan praktikalitasnya. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket validasi dan angket praktikalitas. Validasi dilakukan oleh lima orang validator. Sementara itu, praktikalitas dilakukan oleh 20 orang peserta didik kelas XII dan dua orang guru kimia. Teknik analisa data menggunakan formula Kappa Cohen. Hasil uji validitas media memiliki momen kappa (k) dengan kategori tinggi yaitu 0,78. Untuk hasil uji kepraktisan momen kappa (k) media sebesar 0,78 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian permainan chemmon dikatakan valid dan praktis sebagai media pembelajaran kimia untuk mempelajari “hukum-hukum dasar kimia”.
Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Materi Laju Reaksi Berbasis Problem Based Learning Untuk Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Rhaska Gebby , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa LKPD berbasis masalah, serta menguji keefektifan dan kepraktisan bahan ajar yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Research And Development (R&D), dan menerapkan model Ploomp. Model Ploomp meliputi tiga kegiatan, yaitu; (1) tahap pendahuluan (2) tahap pembentukan prototipe dan (3) tahap evaluasi. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada tahap prototipe, dan evaluasi formatif dibatasi pada tahap review ahli. Untuk penilaian ahli dilakukan oleh 2 dosen kimia dan 3 guru kimia.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner validitas, kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan analisis rumus Aiken’s V. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, modul yang dihasilkan memiliki kategori valid dengan nilai V 0,87, namun belum melakukan uji praktikalitasnya.
Komik kimia sebagai Alternatif Media Pembelajaran pada Materi Reaksi Reduksi dan Oksidasi Kelas X SMA
Authors: Purnamasari Sil , Putra Ananda
Published: February 2021

Penggunaan media dalam proses pembelajaran akan mampu membantu menumbuhkan minat belajar peserta didik. Komik kimia dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu inovasi alternatif media pembelajaran pada materi reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangan media pembelajaran dalam bentuk komik kimia pada materi reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi dengan menentukan tingkat validitas dan praktikalitas. Jenis penelitian yang adalah jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D, yang terdiri dari 4 tahap: define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Pada tahap disseminate tidak dilakukan karena keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Angket validasi dan praktikalitas digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian untuk melihat kevalidan dan kepraktisan komik kimia. Validitas dilakukan dengan 6 validator dan praktikalitas dilakukan dengan 30 peserta didik serta 4 orang guru kimia. Teknik analisa data ini menggunakan formula Kappa Cohen’s. Hasil dari uji validasi komik kimia memperoleh moment kappa (k) sebesar 0,82 dengan memiliki kategori sangat tinggi. Sementara itu hasil dari uji praktikalitas komik kimia memperoleh moment kappa (k) sebesar 0.86 dengan memiliki kategori sangat tinggi . Diharapkan untuk kedepannya dapat membuat media pembelajaran berbentuk komik pada materi lainnya.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring Terintegrasi Pertanyaan Prompting pada Materi Termokimia Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Delvi Intan Prima , Guspatni Guspatni
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran yang baik adalah pembelajaran yang interaktif, inspiratif, menyenangkan dan mengaktifkan siswa dalam menemukan konsep. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan multimedia PowerPoint-iSpring terintegrasi pertanyaan prompting pada materi termokimia kelas XI SMA/MA. Model pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model 4D. Penelitian ini dibatasi sampai tahap pengembangan dengan melakukan uji validitas multimedia PowerPoint-iSpring. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar validasi yang diberikan kepada lima orang yang terdiri dari dua orang dosen kimia FMIPA UNP, dua orang guru SMAN 3 Batusangkar dan satu orang guru kimia SMAN 1 Batusangkar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan indeks Aiken’s V dan diperoleh rata-rata nilai indeks Aiken’s V sebesar 0,87 dengan kategori valid. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia pembelajaran yang dikembangkan telah valid.
Pengembangan Konten Pembelajaran E-Learning untuk Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit Menggunakan Aplikasi Moodle
Authors: Asral Suci Sukma Taruna , Zainul Rahadian
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan konten pembelajaran e-learing menggunakan aplikasi moodle mata pelajaran kimia materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model 4-D dengan tahap define, design,develop dan disseminate. Tahap penelitian ini hanya terbatas hingga tahap develop (hanya validasi). Uji praktikalitas tidak bisa dilakukan karena pandemi Covid-19. Jumlah validator untuk penelitian ini adalah 7 validator. Hasil dari angket validasi akan dianalisis menggunakan formula kappa Cohen. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa rata-rata momen kappa validitas konten adalah 0,77 dan validitas konstruk 0,84 dengan kategori kevalidan tinggi dan sangat tinggi.