bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribological behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxide coatings on Ti6Al4V and cp-Ti alloys
Authors: Tekin K. C. , Malayoglu U. , Shrestha S.
Published: May 2015

In this study, mechanical and tribological properties of plasma electrolytic oxide (PEO) coatings prepared on Ti6Al4V and cp-Ti alloys in two different electrolytes have been investigated. Additionally, molybdenum disulfide friction modifier (FM) was impregnated onto the PEO coatings to evaluate the effect of solid lubrication and composite nature of the ceramic PEO coating on tribological behaviour. Surface morphology and cross-sections were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition was identified by X-ray diffraction. Nanoindentations were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the coatings. Adhesion strength of the coatings was determined using a scratch test. To assess the tribological behaviour of the coatings, dry sliding wear test against 100Cr6 steel ball was performed with a ball on flat configuration. Test results showed that the PEO coating produced in aluminate–phosphate electrolyte possessed less wear loss compared to that produced in silicate–phosphate electrolyte. Impregnation of the PEO coatings with FM resulted in reduced friction coefficient.
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film containing Fe2O3 via plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Kim Y. S. , Shin K. R. , Kim G. W. , Ko Y. G. , Shin D. H.
Published: May 2015

This study investigated the photocatalytic activity of an Fe containing TiO2 film produced in the FePO4 electrolyte via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. For this purpose, the PEO process was carried out on titanium substrate under ac condition in two different alkaline electrolytes containing K3PO4 and FePO4 respectively. The structure, chemical composition and constituent phases of the PEO treated samples were analysed via SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the samples were also examined by an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. In terms of the photocatalytic activity judging from the decomposition of methylene blue under visible light illumination, the sample formed in the FePO4 electrolyte was better than that in the K3PO4 electrolyte due to the incorporation of an Fe compound that has a narrow band gap.
Detection of Majorana fermions by Fano resonance in hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Xia Jun-Jie , Duan Su-Qing , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2015

The realization and detection of Majorana fermions in condensed matter systems are of considerable importance and interest. We propose a scheme to detect the Majorana fermions by Fano resonance in hybrid nanostructures made of semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wire in proximity to superconductor. Through detailed theoretical studies of the transport properties of our hybrid nanostructures based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique and the equation of motion approach, it is found that the Fano resonance in the current response due to the interference among different transmission paths may give clear signature of the existence of Majorana modes. Moreover, we have found a peculiar relationship between the Fano factor q and the Majorana bound state coupling strength/the length of nanowire, which can be used for a design of an electronic nanoruler. Our method of detection of Majorana fermions based on Fano resonance is related to the global conductance profile, thus is robust to perturbations.
Relation between the strength and dimensionality of defect-free carbon crystals
Authors: Kotrechko Sergiy , Timoshevskii Andrey , Kolyvoshko Eugene , Matviychuk Yuriy
Published: May 2015

On the basis of ab initio simulations, the value of strength of interatomic bonds in one-, two- and three-dimensional carbon crystals is obtained. It is shown that decreasing in dimensionality of crystal gives rise to nearly linear increase in strength of atomic bonds. It is ascertained that growth of strength of the crystal with a decrease in its dimensionality is due to both a reduction in coordination number of atom and increase in the angle between the directions of atomic bonds. Based on these data, it is substantiated that the one-dimensional (1D) crystals have maximum strength, and strength of carbyne is the absolute upper limit of strength of materials.
When will ‘open science’ become simply ‘science’?
Authors: Watson Mick
Published: May 2015

Open science describes the practice of carrying out scientific research in a completely transparent manner, and making the results of that research available to everyone. Isn’t that just ‘science’?
A candidate gene study reveals association between a variant of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) gene and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Marangoni Roberta Goncalves , Korman Benjamin D , Allanore Yannick , Dieude Philippe , Armstrong Loren L , Rzhetskaya Margarita , Hinchcliff Monique , Carns Mary , Podlusky Sofia , Shah Sanjiv J , Ruiz Barbara , Hachulla Eric , Tiev Kiet , Cracowski Jean-Luc , Varga John , Hayes M Geoffrey
Published: May 2015

Introduction

The multifunctional nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has potent anti-fibrotic effects, and its expression and activity are impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated PPAR-γ gene (PPARG) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SSc.

Methods

Tag SNPs spanning PPARG were genotyped in a European ancestry US discovery cohort comprising 152 SSc patients and 450 controls, with replication of our top signal in a European cohort (1031 SSc patients and 1014 controls from France). Clinical parameters and disease severity were analyzed to evaluate clinical associations with PPARG variants.

Results

In the discovery cohort, a single PPARG intronic SNP (rs10865710) was associated with SSc (p = 0.010; odds ratio = 1.52 per C allele, 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.08). This association was replicated in the French validation cohort (p = 0.052; odds ratio = 1.16 per C allele, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.35). Meta-analysis of both cohorts indicated stronger evidence for association (p = 0.002; odds ratio = 1.22 per C allele, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.40). The rs10865710 C allele was also associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the French SSc cohort (p = 0.002; odds ratio = 2.33 per C allele, 95% confidence interval 1.34-4.03).

Conclusions

A PPARG variant is associated with susceptibility to SSc, consistent with a role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of SSc.
A critical evaluation of science outreach via social media: its role and impact on scientists
Authors: McClain Craig , Neeley Liz
Published: May 2015

The role of scientists in social media and its impact on their careers are not fully explored.  While policies and best practices are still fluid, it is concerning that discourse is often based on little to no data, and some arguments directly contradict the available data.  Here, we consider the relevant but subjective questions about science outreach via social media (SOSM), specifically: (1) Does a public relations nightmare exist for science?; (2) Why (or why aren’t) scientists engaging in social media?; (3) Are scientists using social media well?; and (4) Will social media benefit a scientist’s career? We call for the scientific community to create tangible plans that value, measure, and help manage scientists’ social media engagement.
Case Study of Three High-Performing Contract Loggers with Distinct Harvest Systems: Are They Thriving, Striving, or Just Surviving?
Authors: Germain René , Bick Steven , Kelly Matthew , Benjamin Jeffrey , Farrand Wendy
Published: May 2015

This article focuses on the narrow margins faced by contract loggers under various harvest systems in the forest products supply chain of the northeastern United States. Contract logging firms conduct a majority of the harvesting across the various forest cover types of the region—from spruce-fir to white pine to northern hardwoods—supplying sawlogs, pulpwood, chipwood, and firewood to various markets. Over the past few decades, performance expectations have increased owing to the expansion of harvesting regulations, including best management practices, and the adoption of forest and logger certification programs. These rising expectations have corresponded with increasing logging costs, resulting in narrowing margins for contract loggers. Using results from a recent logger case study, we examine operating margins for three harvest systems under varying terrain, harvest levels, and systems configurations. Results suggest that across all harvest systems, there is a fine line between just making a living (striving), succeeding and growing (thriving), and only partially covering costs while losing equity to uncompensated depreciation (surviving).
Estrategia de adaptación local al cambio climático para el acceso equitativo al agua en zonas rurales de Chile
Authors: Delgado Luisa Elizabeth , Torres-Gómez Marcela , Tironi-Silva Antonio , Marín Víctor Hernán
Published: May 2015

En este artículo se analiza la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones rurales que no poseen derechos de agua en Chile y cómo se verán afectadas por una reducción generalizada de las precipitaciones producto del cambio climático. Sin bien existen diferentes instrumentos de gestión desarrollados en las últimas décadas, las características del Código de Aguas chileno, que corresponde al instrumento o?cial para el manejo del recurso, han impedido que éste se administre adecuadamente en resguardo de su calidad y disponibilidad a toda la población. Como resultado de ello, la producción agrícola de subsistencia estará a futuro rodeada de una mayor incertidumbre, lo que incidirá en el bienestar de las familias rurales. Se propone que la gobernanza ambiental local es la mejor opción a corto y mediano plazo para no aumentar los riesgos a los que se verían expuestas las poblaciones rurales, bajo el contexto analizado.
Entre las políticas por el agua y los esfuerzos por calmar la sed. El «acueducto del desierto» en las tierras secas no irrigadas de Lavalle, Mendoza
Authors: Grosso Cepparo María Virginia , Torres Laura María
Published: May 2015

El «acueducto del desierto» se presenta como una obra hídrica necesaria y emblemática para la zona no irrigada del departamento de Lavalle, Mendoza. Sin embargo, a casi diez años del inicio de su diseño y construcción, se encuentra desarticulada de la política hídrica provincial y exhibe limitaciones para resolver problemas estructurales como las disputas por el agua entre oasis-tierras no irrigadas, la escasez hídrica y la reparación histórica a la injusticia ambiental del lugar.
Efeito de Iscas Tóxicas sobre Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Borges Rafael , Machota Junior Ruben , Carissimi Boff Mari Inês , Botton Marcos
Published: May 2015

Uma alternativa para a supressão populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) é o emprego de iscas tóxicas. Nesse estudo, foi avaliado em laboratório o efeito de ingestão de formulações de iscas tóxicas sobre adultos de A. fraterculus bem como o efeito da precipitação pluvial sobre a eficiência das iscas. As formulações avaliadas foram: a) ANAMED® (SPLAT® 40,00% + atrativo 24,20% + espinosade 0,10%); b) Success* 0,02 CB® – (atrativos + espinosade 0,02%); c) proteína hidrolisada (Biofruit® 3%) + Malathion 1000 CE (0,15%) e d) Testemunha – água destilada. A mortalidade proporcionada pelas formulações contendo espinosade (ANAMED® e Success* 0,02 CB®) foi equivalente à formulação Biofruit® + Malathion 16 horas após a aplicação dos tratamentos (HAT). Na ausência de chuva, as três formulações foram eficazes (mortalidade superior a 90%) até 21 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). As formulações ANAMED® + espinosade e Success* 0,02 CB® promoveram elevada mortalidade (60,0 e 64,0%, respectivamente) até 28 DAT. Com chuva simulada de 20 e 50 mm, a mortalidade promovida pela formulação ANAMED® foi de 69,2 e 41,0%, respectivente, diferindo das demais formulações. A isca tóxica Biofruit® + Malathion apresentou o menor TL (tempo letal) 50 com 8,71 horas, seguida de ANAMED® e Success* 0,02 CB® com 11,78 e 12,61 horas, respectivamente. As formulações Success* 0,02 CB® e ANAMED® + espinosade apresentaram alta eficiência no controle de adultos de A. fraterculus na ausência de chuva. Sob lâminas de 20 e 50 mm de chuva simulada., ANAMED® apresenta maior eficiência no controle de adultos de A. fraterculus que as formulações Success* 0,02 CB® e Biofruit® + Malathion.
Secretariat on the Move
Authors: Humphris Colin
Published: May 2015

January 2015 was a momentous time for the IUPAC Secretariat—at the end of the month it moved from 104 T.W. Alexander Drive, Building 19, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 after 17 years in what was actually a spacious, but nevertheless temporary, wooden building. Some referred to it as a trailer, Europeans would probably call it a large portacabin. Most volunteers will have had dealings with the Secretariat, but few actually enjoyed a visit.
Youth Views on Sustainability: PMMA, from plexiglass window to a packaging for an implantable glucose sensor
Authors: Van De Walle Elke
Published: May 2015

The unique versatility of polymers allows them to be manufactured into both commonly used house-hold items and specialised medical devices. ‘Plastic’ windows and contact lenses form one such example, as both are manufactured from the same material, called poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA.
Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in cryoconserved chicken primordial germ cells
Authors: Sawicka Dorota , Chojnacka-Puchta Luiza , Zielinski Marcin , Plucienniczak Grazyna , Plucienniczak Andrzej , Bednarczyk Marek
Published: May 2015

Our research aimed to compare the effects of four cryoprotectants and four slow freezing programs on the viability and apoptosis of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro. PGCs were collected from chicken embryonic blood at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stages 14-16 and purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and then subjected to cryopreservation. We applied microscopy to determine the survival of PGCs after trypan blue staining and flow cytometry to examine apoptosis and viability after annexin V kit staining. We also examined the functionality of cryopreserved PGCs in vivo. Significant differences in viability of PGCs determined via microscopy and flow cytometry were observed. The most unfavorable combination for slow freezing PGCs was program 3 and MIX H (10% DMSO and 5% glycerol in Hank’s solution supplemented with 10% FBS) as the cryoprotectant (48.43 and 15.37% live and early apoptotic PGCs, respectively). The highest average percentage of live PGCs (93.1%) and the lowest percentage of early apoptotic PGCs (6.5%) were achieved by slow freezing PGCs in the presence of DMSO F (10% DMSO in FBS) via program 1. Therefore, this method was chosen for the in vivo test. Cryopreserved (group 1) and freshly isolated (group 2) PGCs were transfectedwith a pEGFP-N1 plasmid, cultured under antibiotic selection, and then injected into 3-day-old embryos. After 5 days of incubation, we identified the EGFP marker gene in the gonads of 40 and 45% of recipients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. This is the first study to apply flow cytometry to examine the apoptosis and viability of cryopreserved PGCs. The in vitro and in vivo findings showed that the developed PGC cryoconservation method, depending on slow freezing at the rate of 2°C/min (program 1) in the presence of 10% DMSO F, is an improvement over previous cryoconservation methods and may be a useful tool for the ex situ strategy of poultry biodiversity preservation.
Der Pferdediskurs im England des 17. Jahrhunderts. Die horsemanship-Traktate als geschichtswissenschaftlicher Untersuchungsgegenstand
Authors: Saracino Stefano
Published: May 2015

Die kulturhistorische Erforschung der Grenzregime, die in der Frühen Neuzeit die natürliche Grenze zwischen Mensch und Tier festlegten, und die Instabilität und Brüchigkeit dieser Grenze haben in letzter Zeit im Kontext der human-animal-history besondere Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Dressur- und Manegepferde, deren Züchtung, Haltung und Vorführung im Mittelpunkt der Quellenmaterialien stehen, die für die vorliegende Studie ausgewertet wurden, passen eher schlecht zum Bild vom wilden und vernunftlosen Tier, aus dem sich traditionell ein menschlicher Herrschaftsauftrag ableiten ließ. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift diesen Gegenstand auf und beleuchtet ihn anhand der horsemanship-Traktatistik sowie des Pferdediskurses, der im England des 17. Jahrhundert geführt wurde. Mit den Fallbeispielen des Stuart-Hofes und der Cavendish-Familie wird allerdings versucht, darüber hinausgehend die wissenschaftliche Relevanz und das heuristische Potential der horsemanship für verschiedene Forschungszweige der Geschichtswissenschaften zu veranschaulichen. Die Thematik liefert u. a. neue Einblicke in die Erforschung des historischen Wandels von Naturkonzeptionen und dessen Auswirkungen auf politische Ordnungsentwürfe oder aber in die semantische und symbolische Kommunikation adeligen Selbstverständnisses, aber auch des Selbstverständnisses nichtadeliger Ständegruppen. Das Pferd eignet sich besonders gut zur semiotischen Repräsentation von Standeszugehörigkeit sowie als Legitimationsressource, die die abgehobene Stellung des adeligen Standes ebenso wie seine politische Bedeutung rechtfertigt. Über das Pferd und die horsemanship wurden im 17. Jahrhundert deshalb ständegesellschaftliche Konflikte ausgetragen, an denen sich aufzeigen lässt, dass Tiere und die Interaktion zwischen Tier und Mensch in der Frühen Neuzeit eine eminent politische Bedeutung besaßen.
What Can Experiments Tell Us About How to Improve Government Performance?
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Niño-Zarazúa Miguel
Published: May 2015

In recent years, experimental methods have been both highly celebrated, and roundly criticized, as a means of addressing core questions in the social sciences. They have received particular attention in the analysis of development interventions. This paper focuses on two key questions: (1) what have been the main contributions of RCTs to the study of government performance? and (2) what could be the contributions, and relatedly the limits? It draws inter alia on a new systematic review of experimental and quasi-experimental studies on governance to consider both the contributions and limits of RCTs in the extant literature. A final section introduces the studies included in this symposium in light of this discussion. Collectively, the studies push beyond polarized debates over experimental methods towards a new middle ground, considering both how experimental work can better address identified weaknesses and how experimental and non-experimental techniques can be combined most fruitfully.
Prediction of major international soccer tournaments based on team-specific regularized Poisson regression: An application to the FIFA World Cup 2014
Authors: Groll Andreas , Schauberger Gunther , Tutz Gerhard
Published: May 2015

In this article an approach for the analysis and prediction of international soccer match results is proposed. It is based on a regularized Poisson regression model that includes various potentially influential covariates describing the national teams’ success in previous FIFA World Cups. Additionally, within the generalized linear model (GLM) framework, also differences of team-specific effects are incorporated. In order to achieve variable selection and shrinkage, we use tailored Lasso approaches. Based on preceding FIFA World Cups, two models for the prediction of the FIFA World Cup 2014 are fitted and investigated. Based on the model estimates, the FIFA World Cup 2014 is simulated repeatedly and winning probabilities are obtained for all teams. Both models favor the actual FIFA World Champion Germany.
The effect of two commercial melt strength enhancer additives on the thermal, rheological and morphological properties of polylactide
Authors: Hernández-Alamilla Montserrat , Valadez-Gonzalez Alex
Published: May 2015

The effect of two commercial melt strength enhancer additives, Paraloid BPMS-250 (BPMS) and Biostrength 700 (BIOS), on the thermal, rheological and morphological properties of polylactide (PLA) was studied. Thermal analyses showed that both the BPMS and BIOS additives decreased the ability of PLA to crystallize. The rheological tests indicated that zero-shear viscosity and storage modulus of the PLA/BPMS and PLA/BIOS blends were significantly increased with the additive content. These could be attributed to the entanglements between the PLA chains with those of the high molecular weight additive, creating a physical network which reduces the segmental mobility of PLA and improves the melt elasticity of the blend. The entanglement molecular weights (M

e
) of PLA/BPMS and PLA/BIOS blends were lower than those of unprocessed and processed PLA (M

e
≈4×104 g/mol), which suggests greater chain entanglements and a higher entanglement density (v

e
). The elongational viscosity (η

E
) and melt strength values were estimated using a screw-extrusion capillary rheometer, where the PLA/BIOS blends presented the highest values. Finally, scanning electron microscopy on the samples was carried out to assess the blend morphology.
Die Zukunft der Lehre in Public Health in Deutschland
Authors: Blättner Beate , Dierks Marie Luise
Published: May 2015

Einleitung

Lehre in Public Health heißt, Menschen dafür auszubilden, künftige Aufgaben der Gesundheitsforschung, der Gesundheitsförderung und der Gesundheitsversorgung unter einer interdisziplinären Perspektive mit wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Methoden bearbeiten zu können. Zudem sollen sie nicht nur die sozialen und ethischen Implikationen von gesundheitspolitischen und strukturellen Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen kennen und beeinflussen, sondern auch gesundheitsrelevante Entscheidungen in anderen Politikfeldern in ihrer Tragweite beurteilen und im Sinne der Nutzer des Gesundheitswesens gestalten können. Die Vermittlung der entsprechenden Grundlagen findet aktuell in Deutschland in einer bunten Landschaft auf Bachelor-, Master- und Promotionsniveau statt. Dazu gehören Studiengänge, die Public Health in breiter Perspektive anbieten, aber auch Programme, die Teilaspekte abdecken, zum Beispiel Gesundheitsförderung, Gesundheitskommunikation oder Gesundheitsmanagement, dabei aber nicht immer die bevölkerungsbezogene Perspektive beinhalten. Die Herstellung von Transparenz über Studieninhalte, Studienabschlüsse und über Qualifikationsprofile und die Stärkung des Fachs Public Health sind wichtige Zukunftsaufgaben.
Literalität und Gesundheit
Authors: Quenzel Gudrun , Schaeffer Doris , Messer Melanie , Vogt Dominique
Published: May 2015

Einleitung

Zu den zentralen Herausforderungen von Public Health gehört, die Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung zu stärken, doch ebenso, das Gesundheitssystem nutzerfreundlicher zu gestalten und es so zu verändern, dass die Anforderungen an die Nutzer möglichst gering sind und zugleich ihre Gesundheitskompetenz verbessert wird.
Role of protein kinase A in regulating mitochondrial function and neuronal development: implications to neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Dagda Ruben K. , Das Banerjee Tania
Published: May 2015

In neurons, enhanced protein kinase A (PKA) signaling elevates synaptic plasticity, promotes neuronal development, and increases dopamine synthesis. By contrast, a decline in PKA signaling contributes to the etiology of several brain degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that PKA predominantly plays a neuroprotective role. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are large multidomain scaffold proteins that target PKA and other signaling molecules to distinct subcellular sites to strategically localize PKA signaling at dendrites, dendritic spines, cytosol, and axons. PKA can be recruited to the outer mitochondrial membrane by associating with three different AKAPs to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, structure, mitochondrial respiration, trafficking, dendrite morphology, and neuronal survival. In this review, we survey the myriad of essential neuronal functions modulated by PKA but place a special emphasis on mitochondrially localized PKA. Finally, we offer an updated overview of how loss of PKA signaling contributes to the etiology of several brain degenerative diseases.
Procesos de globalización y circulación del significado en los medios deportivos: dos casos de polémicas sobre discurso discriminatorio en el fútbol internacional
Authors: Achugar Mariana , Canale Germán
Published: May 2015

La globalización genera espacios multilingües de interacción donde existen conflictos en la interpretación de prácticas discursivas aceptables a nivel local, provocando una re-escalarización (Fairclough, 2010; Blommaert, 2014) de lo local, nacional, regional y global. Este trabajo explora cómo en el fútbol internacional – en que interactúan jugadores, fanáticos y medios deportivos internacionales – se disputan estas prácticas discursivas y su significado. En un corpus de artículos periodísticos investigamos dos incidentes en los que enunciados en español fueron interpretados por hablantes de otras lenguas ­como actos discriminatorios. Usando herramientas de análisis del discurso (Martin y White, 2005; van Dijk, 2000; van Leeuwen y Wodak, 1999) mostramos cómo se construyen comunidades axiológicas y posicionamientos ideológicos que legitiman marcos interpretativos regionales, relegando a un segundo plano la discusión sobre las prácticas discursivas discriminatorias a nivel local. Esta pugna por el derecho a la interpretación produce reflexiones metapragmáticas sobre la inestabilidad del significado a través de las diferentes escalas (global, regional, local). Mostramos cómo lo que en una escala resulta inocuo, en otra es un índice de significados ideológicamente cargados que define a un individuo o grupo como racista u homofóbico.
Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Compounds
Authors:   ASTM Committee D02
Published: May 2015

Description

Pure component properties are required for nearly all calculation and design procedures used in modern hydrocarbon process design. The properties contained in DS 4B are deemed the most useful in the petroleum refining and associated industries for these designs.

DS 4B is the most complete compilation of this data in one source, complete with references. It updates the 1971 edition. This new edition includes all of Chapter 1 from the American Petroleum Institute's Publication 999, Technical Data Book--Petroleum Refining. This edition is broader in scope, and includes Hydrocarbons C1 to C30 as well as non-hydrocarbons.

For chemical engineers, engineering managers.
Photo-Reversibility of Cinnamylidene Acetic Acid Derived Crosslinks in Poly(ε-caprolactone) Networks
Authors: Störmann Florian , Wischke Christian , Lendlein Andreas
Published: May 2015

Photoswitchable polymeric materials comprise moieties that undergo light-induced chemical reactions or conformational alteration. The reversibility of photo-responsive molecular switches has an influence on material functions observed on the macroscopic level such as reversibility of shape switching, especially with regard to the number of cycles. Cinnamylidene acetic acid (CAA) has received attention due to its reversible dimerization by [2+2] cycloaddition reactions. In the present study, possible side-reactions during photo-scission of the CAA dimers as netpoints in poly(ε-caprolactone) based materials were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, HPLC and 1H,1H-COSY. Liberation of fluorescent fragments, which have their origin in the various dimer structures, could only be found in small amounts, while a non-identified species seems to be generated during dimerization and photo-scission. The results furthermore suggest that CAA-based switches in PCL-networks do not provide full reversibility of netpoint formation under the examined conditions, due to non-selective side-reactions, which could lead to an attenuation of the macroscopic effect in multiple photo-cycles. In perspective, the design of CAA derivatives with enhanced photo-reversibility should be targeted.
Hope, Laughter, and Humor in Residents and Staff at an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Westburg Nancy G.
Published: May 2015

Possessing hope and utilizing laughter and humor to cope with life's stressors and losses are especially important to elderly people as they experience a decline in their independence. In this study, hope levels and laughter and humor experiences of 24 elderly residents (ages 69 to 96 years) and 21 staff at an assisted living facility were assessed and compared. Hope was defined as a two-factor cognitive construct that involves (a) Pathways, an individual's ability to set goals and devise multiple plans to reach them, and (b) Agency, an individual's inner determination to implement these plans and overcome obstacles to the goals. Both residents and staff had high total Hope and Pathways scores, but residents' Agency scores were significantly higher than staff's. Residents and staff reported numerous benefits from humor and laughing, but differences arose between the two groups about the sources and frequency of humor and laughter. Differences were found between more-hopeful and less-hopeful respondents in regards to sources of laughter, benefits of laughing and playing more, and the last time they laughed. Implications for mental health counselors are discussed.
A Different Approach: Applying a Wellness Paradigm to Adolescent Female Delinquents and Offenders
Authors: Hartwig Holly J. , Myers Jane E.
Published: May 2015

Recent epidemiological and survey research indicates that the incidence of delinquency among adolescent females is increasing. Existing treatment programs, based primarily in research on males, fail to consider the unique developmental needs of females. These programs focus on punishment rather than treatment, often reinforcing the behaviors they seek to reduce or eliminate. Programs that incorporate a focus on gender issues, prevention, early intervention, and positive mental health are needed. A wellness paradigm is presented and explored as a promising approach to preventing as well as treating delinquent behaviors among adolescent females. This approach is demonstrated using a case example from an inpatient adolescent treatment program.
In-Home Treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder in a Therapeutic Foster Care System: A Case Example
Authors: Sheperis Carl J. , Renfro-Michel Edina L. , Doggett R. Anthony
Published: May 2015

When trauma precedes a child's placement in the foster care system, it can lead to lasting mental health difficulties. Often, children who experience extreme, chronic trauma prior to age 5 develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, the diagnosis of RAD is often overlooked. This article discusses the characteristics of RAD as well as diagnostic criteria and possible etiology. We present the case example of an adolescent diagnosed with RAD as an example of treatment from an in-home perspective.
The Decision to Remain Single: Implications for Women Across Cultures
Authors: Gordon Phyllis A.
Published: May 2015

Greater numbers of heterosexual women are choosing to never marry. The decision to remain single or indefinitely postpone marriage seeking may be perceived as different from many within the individual's family or social group. The purpose of this discussion is to highlight some of the societal problems and pressures women experience when choosing to not marry. Negative and positive consequences of this marital choice across cultures are examined, and counseling implications are provided.
Self-Injurious Behavior: A Bi-Modal Treatment Approach to Working with Adolescent Females
Authors: Stone Judy A. , Sias Shari M.
Published: May 2015

The topic of self-injurious behavior (SIB), particularly among female adolescents, has been gaining widespread attention in mainstream culture (Favazza, 1998). However, limited research has been generated examining effective treatment modalities. Given the lack of information concerning treatment models, this article presents a bi-modal treatment approach with a female adolescent SIB client
Assessing Outcome in Practice Settings: A Primer and Example from an Eating Disorders Program
Authors: Granello Darcy Haag , Hill Laura
Published: May 2015

All segments of the behavioral healthcare system are increasingly being called upon to demonstrate the effectiveness of their treatment. This article outlines a type of research study, the effectiveness study, that can be implemented quite easily and inexpensively and can provide a measure of treatment success. The article discusses choice-points for engaging in an effectiveness study and gives suggestions for research decisions. A small-scale study conducted at a partial hospitalization unit for eating disorders is used as an example.The information on designing and implementing a research program and the example provided are intended to assist practitioners and program administrators who are considering engaging in their own outcome research.
Treating Sibling Incest Using a Family Systems Approach
Authors: Haskins Cora
Published: May 2015

Mental health counselors are becoming more aware of sibling abuse in all of its forms. The literature addressing the nature of sibling abuse is increasing; however, there is little written about methods of treatment. Family systems theory as a framework for understanding the common family dynamics observed in families where there is sibling abuse is discussed. Lastly this paper presents a case example using family systems theory as a framework for conceptualizing and developing treatment.
Biological Sex, Adherence to Traditional Gender Roles, and Attitudes Toward Persons with Mental Illness: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Hinkelman Lisa , Granello Darcy Haag
Published: May 2015

Undergraduate students (n = 86) responded to the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire and The Hypergender Ideology Scale, which measures the degree to which they adhered to traditional gender roles. Results indicated that males were significantly more likely than females to endorse intolerant attitudes toward persons with mental illnesses. However, when adherence to hypergender ideology was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between the genders. It was determined that strict gender-role adherence, rather than biological sex, accounted for the variance in CAMI scores. Implications for mental health counselors and for selecting predictor variables for future research are discussed.
Examining Counseling Needs of Headache Patients: An Exploratory Study of Wellness and Perceived Stress
Authors: Degges-White Suzanne , Myers Jane E. , Adelman James U. , Pastoor Denise D.
Published: May 2015

Headaches are a complex medical problem that results in significant health expenditures, lost employee attendance and productivity, and relationship disturbance. Further, psychological counseling is one of the basic components of treatment of sufferers of chronic headaches. A study of 60 adults seeking medical care at a headache specialty clinic was conducted to provide preliminary information on levels of wellness and perceived stress in this population. Not surprisingly, overall levels of wellness were low and perceived stress was high compared to a norm group of adults. Specific components of wellness varied with spirituality being higher among the headache population and nutrition, exercise, and locus of control being lower. A case study is presented from practice in a medical clinic, and implications for mental health counselors as providers in medical settings are discussed.
Mental Health Counseling and the AMCD Multicultural Counseling Competencies: A Civil Debate
Authors: Thomas Kenneth R. , Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: May 2015

This article introduces a JMHC special section on the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development’s (AMCD) Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arredondo et al., 1996). Authors were asked to respond to Weinrach and Thomas’s (2002) recent critique of the Competencies published in JMHC. The present article provides an overview of the positions taken by Weinrach and Thomas in their critique. Four articles by six preeminent leaders in the field of multiculturalism follow this introduction.The special section concludes with an article by Weinrach and Thomas, who respond to the reactors’ comments and expand on their original position.
The “No-Show” Phenomenon and the Issue of Resistance Among African American Female Patients at an Urban Health Care Center
Authors: Tidwell Romeria
Published: May 2015

Using data from 90 African American female medical and mental health patients, this exploratory study examined the reasons patients missed scheduled appointments at a low-income, urban healthcare center. Results indicated a clear difference between the two groups in their appointment-keeping behavior. Mental health no-show patients were more likely than medical no-show patients to cite external factors such as a broken-down car or a scheduling conflict to explain missed appointments. The article also presents a discussion of resistance and its possible role in the no-show phenomenon. Implications and recommendations for future research are also presented.
Reactions to the Multicultural Counseling Competencies Debate
Authors: Vontress Clemmont E. , Jackson Morris L.
Published: May 2015

Two well-known cross-cultural counselor educators present their thoughts on some of the criticisms of the AMDC Multicultural Counseling Competencies. First, they posit their agreements and disagreements with Weinrach and Thomas’ (2002) points of contentions. Then, they indicate why they object to many of the components of the Competencies, which they consider to be essentially anti-therapeutic because of their focus on group stereotypes instead of the uniqueness of individual clients.
Mental Health Counselors' Decision-Making Priorities Related to Inpatient Admissions for Anxiety Disordered Clients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Zarski John J. , Hilscher Randall L.
Published: May 2015

Factors related to making decisions about whether or not a client should be admitted as an inpatient are poorly understood. Research focused on mental health counselors' decision-making priorities related to admission decisions for anxiety disordered clients is scant. This pilot study assessed which clinical factors most led mental health counselors to recommend an immediate inpatient admission among anxiety disordered clients presenting at a community mental health center. Results revealed that suicidality and inability to care for oneself strongly predicted the recommendations for an inpatient admission. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Helping Older Adolescents Search for Meaning in Depression
Authors: Blair Robert G.
Published: May 2015

This paper examines some ways that logotherapy (Frankl, 1984) can be used with older adolescents struggling with depression. The focus of treatment is on the adolescent's initiating and sustaining a search for meaning.
Mastery and Expertise in Counseling
Authors: Skovholt Thomas , Jennings Len
Published: May 2015

As one of the great inventions of the last half of the 20th century, counseling offers great hope and promise. Yet for counseling practitioners, within this hope and promise, there is confusion about how to help and what constitutes mastery and expertise. It is like being in a fog and searching for mastery. And it matters because the counselor's contribution to counseling outcome is significant. Factors in counselor mastery and expertise are explored.
A Narrative Approach to Strategic Eclecticism
Authors: Guterman Jeffrey T. , Rudes James
Published: May 2015

Strategic eclecticism is set forth as a basis from which to use divergent theories and techniques within narrative therapy, a process-oriented model informed by postmodernism. The theory and practice of narrative therapy are described. Principles and guidelines for employing a narrative approach to strategic eclecticism are explicated along with a case example. Directions for future research and theory building also are considered. It is suggested that a narrative approach to strategic eclecticism speaks to the need for convergence between the modernist and postmodernist schools.
Searching for Mastery
Authors: Jennings Len , Hanson Matthew , Skovholt Thomas M. , Grier Tabitha
Published: May 2015

The study of expertise has a long and textured history, and it continues to be an active area of research among researchers and practitioners interested in human performance, giftedness, and achievement. In this literature review, we explore the concept of expertise across disciplines to gain a better understanding of the common elements of expertise and its relevance to the counseling profession.
Cultural Competence and Master Therapists: An Inextricable Relationship
Authors: Goh Michael
Published: May 2015

Striving for cultural competence and developing expertise are both highly desirable objectives in the field of mental health counseling. That the two concepts have been investigated rather independently of each other is surprising. The importance of and rationale for combining two scientific knowledge bases of cultural competence and research about expertise in mental health counseling are the focus of this article. The case for a more deliberate juxtaposing of the two research areas of cultural competence and expertise in mental health counseling is made by highlighting the interrelatedness of cultural competence and master therapist research, the diversity of mental health consumers, the requirements of ethical practice, and the need to reduce bias in how mental health research is conducted.
Talking to the Master: Intersections of Religion, Culture, and Counseling in Taiwan and Ghana
Authors: Lo Hsiao-Wen , Dzokoto Vivian
Published: May 2015

Mental health counseling is gaining worldwide popularity. It is, therefore, important to critically examine the appropriateness of direct importation of Western psychological interventions into nonWestern countries. This article reviews the state of counseling in Taiwan and Ghana. It highlights the heterogeneous nature of counseling services in the face of cultural similarities. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of considering the interplay of culture and religion in assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment.
Letting a Hundred Flowers Bloom: Counseling and Psychotherapy in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Chang Doris F. , Tong Huiqi , Shi Qijia , Zeng Qifeng
Published: May 2015

Although the Chinese have been exposed to Western psychotherapies since the 1950s, the practice of counseling is a relatively new phenomenon. In this article, we trace the development of counseling in China, examine its cultural and practical relevance, and review recent advances in training and practice. Although heavily influenced by Western models, contemporary Chinese approaches to counseling reflect the philosophical traditions, cultural history, and indigenous help-seeking practices of a rapidly modernizing society. The increasing popularization of psychotherapy in China is analyzed in the context of the changing social and economic climate and the crises and opportunities that accompany Chinese life in the 21st century.
Counseling and Psychotherapy in Italy: A Profession in Constant Change
Authors: Gemignani Marco , Giliberto Massimo
Published: May 2015

This article illustrates the state of the art for mental health counseling in Italy through a historic and postmodern perspective.The context of Italian mental health counseling is complex and full of new and old premises, events, and arguments. On the one side, the way counseling has developed and is perceived in Italy results from the intersection of old cultural legacies, such as Christianity, and new challenges, such as a multicultural and multiethnic society. On the other side, the development of mental health counseling in Italy is the result of the encounter between the pragmatic, optimist U.S. counseling and the phenomenological, hermeneutic traditions of European schools. The article ends with an exploration of the potentials that may arise from an ongoing communication between U.S. and Italian mental health professionals.
Mental Health Counseling in Ukraine
Authors: Yakushko Oksana
Published: May 2015

In the past two decades, some profound changes have occurred in the former Soviet Ukraine.These changes have significantly affected Ukrainian mental health counseling. This article provides a synopsis of the historical and social influences on Soviet and Ukrainian mental health services, transformations that are occurring within the mental health field of the present day Ukraine, and specific mental health issues faced by Ukrainian women and men. The conclusion shares potential implications of this information about Ukrainian mental health issues for U.S. mental health counselors.
Gender Role Conflict, Homophobia, Age, and Education as Predictors of Male Rape Myth Acceptance
Authors: Kassing Leslee R. , Beesley Denise , Frey Lisa L.
Published: May 2015

The relationship of homophobia and gender role conflict to male rape myth acceptance was investigated using a sample of 210 adult men from a Midwestern community. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the ability of certain variables to predict adherence to male rape myths. Those variables were homophobia; success, power, and competition attitudes; restrictive affectionate behavior between men; restrictive emotionality; and conflicts between work and family relationships. Results indicated that greater adherence to rape myths was related to homophobia and more success, power, and competitive attitudes. Additionally, older participants and participants with lower levels of education were more likely to endorse greater adherence to rape myths. Implications of this research include the necessity for more research on male rape myth acceptance, for implementation of educational programs and changes in the socialization process to help dispel these myths, and for mental health counselors to provide unbiased and gender-responsive treatment modalities to male victims who seek help.
Development and Initial Validation of the Collectivistic Coping Styles Measure with African, Asian, and Latin American International Students
Authors: Moore James L. , Constantine Madonna G.
Published: May 2015

We developed and provided initial empirical validation of the Collectivistic Coping Styles Measure (CCSM), a 9-item scale that assessed the degree to which African,Asian, and Latin American international students utilized social support seeking and forbearance to cope with their problems or concerns. We found evidence of good construct and concurrent validity and good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the CCSM. Implications of the findings for mental health counseling are discussed.
Mental Health Counselors and Substance Abuse Treatment: Advantages, Difficulties, and Practical Issues to Solution-Focused Interventions
Authors: Linton Jeremy M.
Published: May 2015

Mental health counselors increasingly work with a wide variety of client issues, including substance abuse. This article addresses the use of solution-focused counseling as a viable treatment option for clients who experience problems with substance abuse and addiction. A brief overview of traditional substance abuse treatment is offered. The basic assumptions of solution-focused counseling are then discussed, and differences from traditional approaches are delineated. Benefits of using solution-focused counseling with substance abuse issues, such as the collaborative and client-centered nature of the approach, are presented; and sample interventions are described. Difficulties to using solution-focused counseling techniques with substance abuse issues are also discussed.
Dream Interpretation: A Developmental Counseling and Therapy Approach
Authors: Marszalek John F. , Myers Jane E.
Published: May 2015

In counseling sessions, clients often present dreams as material to use in making meaning of their experiences. Mental health counselors may benefit from using Ivey's Developmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT) approach to help clients process dreams, thereby promoting insight and change. A case example demonstrates the use of DCT in dream analysis.