bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging properties of malaria transmission and persistence in urban Accra, Ghana: Evidence from a participatory system approach
Authors: Savi Merveille Koissi Koissi , Callo-Concha Daniel , Tonnang Henri E.Z. , Borgemeister Christian
Published: March 2021

Several studies that aim to enhance the understanding of malaria transmission and persistence in urban settings failed to address its underlining complexity. We aim at doing that by applying a qualitative and participatory-based system analysis and mapping to elicit the system’s emergent properties. In two experts’ workshops, we sketched and refined the system, which was represented through a causal loop diagram, where the identification of leverage points was done using network analysis. We found 45 determinants interplaying through 56 linkages, and identified three subsystems: urbanization-related transmission, infection-prone behavior and healthcare efficiency, and Plasmodium resistance. Apart from the number of breeding sites and malaria positive cases, other determinants such as drug prescription and the awareness of householders were identified by the network analysis as leverage points and emergent properties of the system of transmission and persistence of malaria. Based on our findings, we suggest that ongoing efforts to control malaria, such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and larvicide applications should continue, and include new ones focusing on the public awareness and malaria literacy of city dwellers. We found that our participatory approach strengthened the legitimacy of the recommendations and the co-learning of participants.
Interactome, Network, and Enrichment Motif Analysis Reveals Possible Linkage Between Human Mental Disorders, Emotions, and Coronavirus: In-Silico Insight
Authors: Habib Peter T.
Published: March 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused a global crisis. Today, everybody focuses on COVID-19 infection prevention, preparation, and discussion of physical health effects issues. It is important to understand, however, that a few will face life-threatening negative effects on physical health, but that all people will face the negative impact of the pandemic on mental health. COVID-19 hospitals are established in different locations to address the physical health implications of the pandemic. However, it is necessary to understand the effects of infections on mental health more effectively to prevent the negative consequences of infection. Here, we try to find out how the infection could affect mental health. We identify motifs in SARS-CoV-2 that are predicted to interact with human transcription factors (TF). Those TFs regulating behavior and mental health. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to overactivation or inhibition of critical genes already known to affect behavior and mental health. This study is still limited to in silico limits so, clinical investigation needs to be addressed to assess our hypothesis.
Comparing the Impact of Serum GPER-1 and Oxidant/Antioxidant Levels on Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients and Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beyoğlu Abdullah , Kurutaş Ergül Belge , Karaküçük Yalçın , Çömez Ayşegül , Meşen Ali
Published: March 2021

Aims

This research sought to determine the impact of serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 (GPER-1) levels on the development of retinopathy in diabetic patients, comparing them to healthy individuals.
Methods

Forty patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (Group 1), 40 patients without DR (NDR) (Group 2) and 40 healthy individuals (Group 3) were included in this study. Serum progesterone, GPER-1, oestradiol, oxidant/antioxidant and thyroid-releasing hormone (TSH) levels were analysed and compared among the groups. Post hoc analysis was performed to compare the sub-groups in which statistically significant differences were found.
Results

A significant difference was found among all groups in terms of GPER-1, oxidant/antioxidant and oestradiol levels (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was found in terms of TSH or progesterone (p = 0.496, p = 0.220, respectively). In the post hoc analysis of the groups with statistically significant differences, another significant difference was found among all groups for GPER-1 and oxidant/antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). GPER-1 and oxidant levels were positively correlated, while GPER-1 and antioxidant levels were negatively correlated (r = 0.622/p < 0.01, r = 0.453/p < 0.01, r = 0.460/p < 0.01, respectively). The multiple regression analysis showed that increased GPER-1 may help prevent DR.
Conclusions

GPER-1 levels, which were highest in the DR group, increased as the oxidant/antioxidant balance changed in favour of oxidative stress. This seems to be a defence mechanism for preventing neuronal damage.
Factors influencing the implementation of Basel III: An empirical analysis of the UAE banks
Authors: Rezq Aljaber Rama , A. Hassan Al-Tamimi Hussein
Published: March 2021

Basel III accord was introduced in 2010 to support banks facing the sever effect of the 2007–2008 financial crisis in terms of liquidity and capital adequacy. The importance of this paper stems from the investigation of the implementation of this Accord in the UAE, and what are the reasons behind the effective implementation. While some previous studies on the UAE have examined Basel Accord, no studies have so far examined the effective implementation of Basel III. In this study, a modified questionnaire was used, a total of 90 bank senior managers responded to the questionnaire and their responses were used to answer the research questions and hypotheses. The results of the regression analysis support the hypotheses proposing a significant positive relationship between implementation effectiveness and expected benefits and availability of resources needed. The results of the analysis did not support the influence of the variables of awareness, the role of management, and the role of the central bank. Based on the findings of this study, three recommendations were made. First, to promote the effective implementation of the Basel Accords in the UAE’s banking sector. Second, banks should review current implementation processes and plans to ensure that employees understand the requirements for implementing Basel III. And third, the UAE Central Bank should be more involved in setting a framework for implementing regulations to ensure the effective implementation of Basel III.
Shakespearean and Brechtian Drama and Theatre: An Audience Response Perspective
Authors:   Department of English, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar-246174, Uttarakhand (India),, Joshi Vishal , Kunwar Shakuntala
Published: March 2021

Shakespearean Dramatic theatre and Brechtian Epic theatre represent two divergent paradigms in the field of genre-drama. The plays falling under these two varying paradigms invite their readers or audience to learn to approach them by adopting a different theoretical perspective or critical stance. As per Martin Esslin “human capacities can change through time: human beings may learn to adjust themselves to new ways of perception …, and gain practice in accepting new ways of seeing both reality and art” (15). In the proposed study, the two plays chosen for comparative analyses are Hamlet by Shakespeare and Mother Courage and Her Children by Brecht: the former one centring on empathy, and the other one on alienation. Of the two paradigms discussed in the present study, in one type, admittedly, an emotional catharsis occurs and the second theoretically disclaims emotional catharsis.
Linguocultural Anatomical Code: Concept of Sacredness
Authors:   Graduate Student, Buketov Karaganda University, Kazakhstan., Alshynbaeva Moldir A. , Mazhitayeva Shara , Kaliyev Bektursyn , Nygmetova Nurgul , Khamzina Gulbaram S.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the Kazakh people’s linguocultural anatomical code, which has developed due to nomadic culture over the centuries and reflected their beliefs, rituals, rites, and traditions. The linguocultural code is viewed as a secondary modeling semiotic system, or as a connotative semiotics. Certain anatomical concepts, i.e. body parts, bones, and internal organs serve as the cultural code’s elements. Culturally conditioned sacral significance, tracing to pagan magic, myths, and legends, is revealed in their lexical and phraseological representations in the connotative meaning. Thus, the article analyzes such concepts as 12 (on eki) múshe, jauyryn, ókpe. 12 (on eki) múshe serves as the basic concept of the Kazakh anatomical code, defining views on human and animals’ anatomy, the role and functions of certain anatomical concepts in spiritual, religious, and ritual-rite culture. A high degree of sacredness of the named concepts, depending on the level of linguistic unit total number and cultural sacred meaning units, was identified as well. Thus, the purpose of our article is to identify the specifics of the Kazakh anatomical linguocultural code by analyzing certain sacred concepts, verbalized in the names of skeleton, bones, some inner organs, as well as to define the degree of their sacredness, preserved in the modern Kazakh language. We have developed the methodology for studying these concepts, based on the secondary semiotic sign analysis, i.e. lexical and phraseological verbal units and their semantics: denotative and connotative, and defined certain concepts’ sacredness degree.
Linguistic nationalism in early-colonial Assam: The American Baptist Mission and Orunodoi
Authors:   Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Dasgupta Arnab
Published: March 2021

This paper will attempt to map the emergence of linguistic nationalism as a direct offshoot of the language debate in early-colonial Assam. In 1836, Bengali was made the language of courts and schools in Assam. Ten years later, the Baptist Mission at Sadiya started publishing a monthly magazine called Orunodoi. Orunodoi gradually became a critical instrument in the effort to reinstate Assamese as the language of the province’s courts and schools. How did the emergent public sphere react to the debate on language? What was the power dynamic between an emergent native intelligentsia, the Baptist Mission and the colonial state in early-colonial Assam? What are the factors that prevented Assamese from being reinstated as the language of courts and schools in Assam until 1873? Was the debate on language merely about imposition of a ‘foreign’ language, or was the discourse more fluid with concerns like language standardisation operating as undercurrents? Can the language debate in early-colonial Assam be isolated as the first assertion of a sub-national identity based upon cultural and linguistic ‘uniqueness’? Through an analysis of some articles published in Orunodoi, read along with private letters and official correspondences of the American Baptist Mission in Assam, this paper will attempt to address some of these questions and recover the context of the debate around language in nineteenth-century Assam.
India nel quattrocento: Fifteenth-Century Italian Travel Writings on India
Authors:   Department of English, Jadavpur University, Das Jitamanyu
Published: March 2021

Fifteenth-century Italian travel narratives on India by Nicolò dei Conti and Gerolamo di Santo Stefano present a detailed account of the India they visited, following the narrative tradition of the Italian Marco Polo. These narratives of the Renaissance were published as descriptive authorial texts of travellers to the East. Their importance was due to the authors’ detailed first-hand experiences of the societies and cultures that they encountered, as well as the various trade centres of the period. These narratives were utilised by merchants, explorers, and Jesuits for a variety of purposes. The narratives of Nicolò dei Conti and Gerolamo di Santo Stefano thus became indispensable tools that were later distorted through numerous translations to suit the politics of Orientalism for the emerging colonial enterprises. In my paper, I have attempted a re-reading of the particular texts to identify how Italy saw India, while illustrating through their history of publication the transformation that these narratives underwent later in order to objectify India in the West through the lens of Orientalism in their manner of representation.
The Indulekha Moment and the Malayalam Literary Canon: On the Literary History of the Early Twentieth-century Novels in Kerala, South India
Authors:   Department of Communication, Indian Institute of Management Indore, Vinayan Sruthi , Raj Merin Simi ,   Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Published: March 2021

This article analyses the politics of the literary canon of the early twentieth century Malayalam novels with particular focus on the impact of the novel Indulekha (1889) in literary history. The inception of novel as a literary genre is widely regarded as a point of departure for Malayalam literature leading to the development of modern Malayalam, thereby shaping a distinct Malayali identity. Interestingly, the literary histories which established the legacy of Malayalam prose tend to trace a linear history of Malayalam novels which favoured the ‘Kerala Renaissance’ narrative, especially while discussing its initial phase. This calls for a perusal of the literary critical tradition in which the overarching presence of Indulekha has led to the eclipsing of several other works written during the turn of the twentieth-century, resulting in a skewed understanding of the evolution of the genre. This article would explicate in detail, on what gets compromised in canon formation when aesthetic criteria overshadow the extraliterary features. It also examines how the literary history of early Malayalam novels shaped the cultural memory of colonial modernity in Kerala.
Consumption and the Indian Diaspora: A Study of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake
Authors:   Dept. of English, Tezpur University, Assam, India, Das Rashmi
Published: March 2021

For the diaspora, consumption remains a significant exercise, as it acts as a means of appropriation of the host land, while also being an agency of assimilation and categorisation. Moreover, the fact remains that consumption or eating simultaneously entails regeneration and violence. As such, this paper justifies how the locus of consumption is multifaceted, being not only physical, but also metaphorical, and at times hyperreal, whereby the diaspora exists not only as consumers, but also as an item of consumption by the hosts. For this purpose, Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake (2003) has been analysed through the methodology of close reading, to present how food and its narrative is used as a repetitive metaphor and an ideological implement, which further illuminates the technicalities of consumption among the Indian diaspora. To set the stage, this paper briefly summarises the development of food studies as a genre, which has successfully enlarged the scope of literary criticism and research. Theoretically, this paper draws on Mikhail Bakhtin’s discourse of food and eating as presented in his work Rabelais and His World (1965). By examining the unifying trope of food, this paper attempts to study the numerous dichotomies between the diasporic body and the concept of the grotesque body, as put forward by Bakhtin. This paper also attends to the concept of “culinary citizenship” (Mannur, 2010, p. 20) and traces the way it is overturned in favour of culinary “interorientation” (Bakhtin, 1965/1984, p. 317).
The Weird ‘Others’: An ‘Alternative’ Understanding of the Witches of Macbeth from Feminist Perspective
Authors:   echno Main Salt Lake, Kolkata, Chakrabarti Reema , Sarkar Shah Al Mamun
Published: March 2021

This paper attempts to re-interpret the witches of Macbeth from a Feminist perspective. Both critics as well as the ordinary readers mostly receive them in a negative light. Doing so, they overlook the fact that women like these witches are relegated to the margins and share a history of being discriminated and vulnerable to attacks. Within the text, they are humiliated as the ‘weird others’ and compared to ‘bubbles’ on earth. To this date, people have the tendency to marginalize and discriminate women who posit their individuality in their socially reclusive lifestyle. While analyzing their character from a Feminist perspective, the paper will explore their trauma and identify their mischief as a source of rebellion. By making such an alternative reading of the text, the work aims to create a ‘shock-effect’ among people who continue to discriminate such marginalized women.
Hydrological simulation of the Jialing River Basin using the MIKE SHE model in changing climate
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Meng , Song Yongyu , Lai Yuequn
Published: March 2021

Climate change and human activities have an important impact on the changing environment, leading to significant changes in the basin water cycle process. The Jialing River Basin, the largest tributary of the upper Yangtze River, is selected as the study area. Three different rainfall datasets, the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving (CMAD) dataset, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data, and gauged observation data, were used as inputs for the MIKE System Hydrological European (MIKE SHE) model. By comparing the simulation results driven by various meteorological data, the applicability of the MIKE SHE model at four stations is evaluated, and the sensitivity and uncertainty of model parameters are analyzed. Meanwhile, the impact of large hydropower stations on the runoff of the Jialing River Basin is assessed, and the influence of human activities on the runoff change is determined. The future climate change of the watershed was analyzed by using the typical representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. Based on the MIKE SHE model, the runoff of the Jialing River Basin in the future climate scenario is predicted, and the corresponding response of the Jialing River Basin is analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the CMAD data-driven model has better Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and correlation coefficient for each period. By analyzing the influence of the hydropower station on the runoff process at the outlet of the basin, it is found that the hydropower station has a certain regulating effect on the runoff process at the outlet of the basin. In addition, the RCP4.5 scenario is more consistent with the future scenario, indicating that the Jialing River Basin will become colder and drier.
Quantitative evaluation of the mitigation effect of low-impact development pavement materials on urban heat island and tropical night phenomena
Authors: Mun-soo Na , Woo-bin Bae , Hee-man Kang , Yong-gil Kim , Sang-rae Kim
Published: March 2021

Rapid urbanization has led to altered thermal circulations in major cities that are responsible for the increasing occurrence of urban heat islands (UHIs) and events such as tropical nights and heat waves. To effectively mitigate such events, low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure strategies have been developed. In Korea, LID techniques focus mainly on road pavement materials; however, issues regarding the reliability of measurements due to differences in the measurement equipment and studied specimens persist. This study presents the design of a green infrastructure surface temperature measurement (GSTM) instrument and a reliable methodology developed to evaluate the performance of pavement materials under controlled climate conditions. The developed GSTM instrument and methodology were tested by monitoring the surface temperature of materials based on LID practices and dense-graded asphalt and evaluating their ability to mitigate UHI and tropical night phenomena. The experiments were conducted under controlled climate conditions, using summer climate conditions of Seoul's typical meteorological year data. The UHI and tropical night phenomena mitigation performance of the pavement materials was evaluated by analyzing the correlation between the pavement materials' albedo and surface temperature using porous block specimens of different colors and LID-based pavement materials. The greening block recorded the most significant reduction in surface temperature, showing a difference of 22.6 °C, 185 min to the dense-graded asphalt. The white and yellow porous blocks showed surface temperature differences of 10.2 °C and 8.2 °C respectively compared to the dense-graded asphalt. The results revealed that pavement materials with higher albedo, more evaporation, and lower heat capacity have superior performance in mitigating UHI and tropical night events.
Removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions using alkaline-modified nanoclay
Authors: Geroeeyan Armin , Niazi Ali , Konoz Elaheh
Published: March 2021

In the present research, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye using alkaline-modified clay nanoparticles was studied. To characterize the adsorbent, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET and BJH analyses were performed. The effect of the variables influencing the dye adsorption process such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, stirring rate, temperature, and initial dye concentration was investigated. Furthermore, the high efficiency of Ni2+ removal indicated that it is possible to remove both dye and metal cation under the same optimum conditions. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Fitting the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm indicated that the monolayer adsorption of dye occurred at homogeneous sites. Experimental data were also analyzed with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations for kinetic modeling of the dye removal process. The adsorption results indicated that the process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters of the dye adsorption process such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy changes were calculated and revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The results presented the high potential of the modified nanoclay as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of BO2 dye and Ni2+ from aqueous medium.
State Arctic Policy of Russia
Authors: Leksin V. N. , Porfiriev B. N.
Published: March 2021

The state Arctic policy of Russia has no analogues in terms of the variety of tasks and the scale of risks of their implementation – from natural and climatic to foreign policy. Its most important subject was the consistent combination of new state and corporate solutions with the re-development of the «Soviet heritage». Today, this “heritage” accounts for more than 80% of the currently used national wealth of the Arctic. It was created in fundamentally different socio-political and socio-economic conditions, and now to maintain it at least in the same state and restructure it requires financial, material, technical and human resources that are not comparable with those necessary for similar purposes in the territories located to the south. The implementation of a unified state policy in the Arctic zone is complicated by the fact that it consists of a unique conglomeration of territories of four constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 28 municipalities of different types, located on the territory of other regions of the Russian Federation. All of them are relatively independent, have their own regulations, strategies for their development, etc. In 2008–2019, the state Arctic policy of Russia was documented in successive Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and government decisions on the Arctic development program. However, in 2020 they were radically revised, including in the direction of taking into account the growing foreign policy threats.  The  conclusion  is  justified  that  only  the  strengthening  of  political  and  economic sovereignty  on  the  basis  of  stable  economic  growth  of  the  entire  country  can  ensure  the stability and minimize the risks of the functioning of this most important part of our state.
Consolidated Budgets of the Subjects of the Russian Federation in 2020: Opportunities for Fulfilling Obligations in the Context of the Crisis
Authors: Lykova L. N.
Published: March 2021

In the context of the economic crisis of 2020, triggered by the global pandemic, regional budgets faced a pronounced drop in tax revenues. The regions, whose economy is based on the extractive sector and metallurgy were most seriously affected. The drop in corporate income tax receipts in some regions was critical. At the same time, due to the implemented measures to support employment and income of the population, the personal income tax receipts have even increased. The most important element of supporting regional budget revenues was a significant increase in federal transfers. In fact, all categories of intergovernmental transfers (grants, subsidies, subventions, and other transfers) were used to support regional budgets. At the same time, the most financially prosperous subjects of the Russian Federation solved the problems that arose mainly at the expense of their own reserves. The result was the ability of the regions to increase spending in the most important areas (health, social policy). Nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid a pronounced increase in budget deficits of the subjects the Russian Federation and an increase in the volume of state sub-federal debt.
Etyczne aspekty wykorzystywania zwierząt w procedurach doświadczalnych
Authors: Gądzik Zuzanna
Published: March 2021

Artykuł dotyczy analizy aspektów etycznych związanych z wykorzystywaniem zwierząt w procedurach doświadczalnych – w kontekście zadawania im bólu lub cierpienia. Wyniki powyższych procedur mogą z jednej strony mieć bowiem znaczenie dla rozwoju nauki (m.in. nauk medycznych i weterynaryjnych), techniki czy przemysłu, z drugiej natomiast wiążą się niejednokrotnie z bólem lub cierpieniem żywych organizmów, mają negatywny wpływ na ich zdrowie lub nawet życie. Tematyka ta stanowi przedmiot dyskusji naukowej oraz próby znalezienia kompromisu pozwalającego na uzyskiwanie wiarygodnych wyników badań oraz wyeliminowania lub przynajmniej ograniczania negatywnych następstw dla zwierząt w nich wykorzystanych. Artykuł obejmuje zestawienie i charakterystykę poglądów zwolenników i przeciwników przeprowadzania doświadczeń na zwierzętach. W jego ramach pochylono się nad zagadnieniami stanowisk altruistycznych i egoistycznych, szowinizmu gatunkowego oraz tzw. zasad 3R (replacing, reducing, refining). Aktualność artykułu wynika przede wszystkim z wejścia  w życie ustawy z 15 stycznia 2015 r. o ochronie zwierząt wykorzystywanych do celów naukowych lub edukacyjnych, uchylającej ustawę z 21 stycznia 2005 r. o doświadczeniach na zwierzętach i regulującej na nowo kwestie związane z możliwością wykorzystywania żywych zwierząt w procedurach doświadczalnych narażających je na ból lub cierpienie.
E-partycypacja i ISO 37120 jako wyznacznik implementacji rozwoju zrównoważonego w smart city
Authors: Legutko-Kobus Paulina
Published: March 2021

Smart city to miasta, w których kwestie publiczne rozwiązywane są z wykorzystaniem technologii informacyjnych i komunikacyjnych (ang. ICT). Od początku rozwoju tej koncepcji (lata 90. XX w.) zakładano, że miasto inteligentne to równocześnie miasto dążące do wdrożenia rozwoju zrównoważonego. Artykuł koncentruje się na następujących aspektach badawczych: jak definiowane i klasyfikowane są smart city; które polskie miasta ujmowane są w międzynarodowych rankingach smart city; jak koncepcja smart city może przyczyniać się do wdrażania rozwoju zrównoważonego. Polskie miasta nie należą do liderów smart city w skali międzynarodowej. Wiele z nich implementuje jednak elementy koncepcji 3.0, wykorzystując idee smart do wdrażania rozwoju zrównoważonego. Poszczególne wymiary smart city (w literaturze wskazuje się ich 6) odnoszą się do aspektów rozwoju zrównoważonego i pozwalają osiągać ład zintegrowany. Norma ISO 37120 jest z jednej strony certyfikatem wdrożenia idei smart, z drugiej zaś stosowana jest jako instrument oceny poziomu wdrożenia rozwoju zrównoważonego. Miasta, które w Polsce certyfikowane są według tej normy, to: Gdynia, Gdańsk, Kielce, Lublin i Warszawa. Artykuł wskazuje, że wdrażanie koncepcji smart city może przyczyniać się do szybszego i skuteczniejszego osiągnięcia rozwoju zrównoważanego na obszarach miast nie tylko dzięki coraz doskonalszym technologiom, lecz przede wszystkim dzięki zwiększeniu zaangażowania społecznego (wykorzystującego narzędzia e-partycypacji do współdecydowania) oraz dążeniu miast do pozyskiwania i udostępniania coraz lepszych i dokładniejszych danych związanych z różnymi aspektami rozwoju zrównoważonego.
Konkurencja jako narzędzie osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju w transporcie kolejowym
Authors: Jarecki Stefan Akira
Published: March 2021

Koleje mają kluczowe znaczenie dla osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu. Ustawodawca krajowy i unijny uznali, że ze względów środowiskowych koleje powinny mieć duży udział w przewozach ogółem. Według UE, konkurencja na rynkach przewozów kolejowych zachęci operatorów do lepszego reagowania na potrzeby klientów, poprawy jakości usług i ich efektywności kosztowej, a tym samym wzmocni pozycję konkurencyjną kolei. W związku z tym prawo UE otworzyło rynki przewozów kolejowych na konkurencję. Celem artykułu jest analiza, czy jest to wystarczające do osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu. Skupiam się na istniejących przepisach prawa, ich doprecyzowaniu (interpretacji) i usystematyzowaniu. Dlatego charakter moich badań jest generalnie dogmatyczny. Moim zdaniem, konkurencja w transporcie kolejowym może przyczynić się do wzrostu przewozów kolejowych, należy jednak zapewnić, aby koszty jej wprowadzenia nie przewyższały korzyści z tego tytułu. Ponadto, do osiągnięcia celów polityki krajowej i unijnej w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu niezbędne jest zapewnienie równych warunków konkurencji między koleją a mniej przyjaznymi środowisku rodzajami transportu, w szczególności transportem drogowym (zwłaszcza w zakresie opłat za korzystanie z infrastruktury).
Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama
Authors: Subashi Esmeralda
Published: March 2021

Critics, scholars and readers alike have hailed Tennessee Williams as the greatest Southern playwright and one of the most distinguished dramatists in the history of American drama. He is indisputably the most renowned American playwright of the second half of the 20th century. This article endeavors to make an overview of Tennessee Williams’s lyrical drama, focusing on its main features such as characterization, art, language, major themes represented in his plays, etc. Williams introduced the innovative concept of the Plastic Theater into the American drama, which combined all elements of production- dialogue, action, setting, lighting, even props - in a unified and symbolic expression of truth. Williams was a very prolific playwright, poet and prose writer but his three plays- The Glass Menagerie, his most experimental play; A Streetcar Named Desire, his masterpiece; and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, his most popular play- have entered and captivated the imagination of theater audiences for generations.
Vibration Impact on Potentially Liquefactions Slope Deformation
Authors: Yusuf Rakhmat , Haryadhi Yayan , Dermawan Herwan
Published: March 2021

In an area that has potential for earthquake has possibility of losing soil stability and causing physical soil damage, one of them is liquefaction. This research was conducted to determine the magnitude of deformation on slopes with potentially liquefaction. The soil slope samples were tested using shaking table with slope 6°, 12°, 18°, 24° and the frequency was set 6.6 Hz, 7.4 Hz, 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz. Research began with examination of soil physical properties which had unit weight of density 1.81 gr/cm3, moisture content 2.31%, specific gravity 2.72, sand with coefficient of uniform is 2.1, coefficient curvature is 0.98 and angle of repose is 23.962°. By giving earthquake acceleration of 0.4g, 0.5g, 0.6g and 0.7g in the soil slope sample that was tested by shaking table, it was liquefaction occurred. Results of research, the greater slope and frequency given, so the lateral and axial deformation will increase. Minimum lateral deformation occurs at frequency 6.6 Hz with a slope 6° and maximum lateral deformation is 17 cm at frequency 9.5 Hz with a slope 24°, while minimum axial deformation is 0.5 cm at frequency 8 Hz with a slope 6° and a maximum axial deformation is 5 cm at frequency 9.5 Hz with a slope 24°, but 12-degree slope can considered as a safe slope for slope which holding vibration
Mode Choice Modelling Between Bus and Train Under the New Normal Condition
Authors: Kriswardhana Willy , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Muntsari Daud
Published: March 2021

The passenger movements were limited by the government policies that made new system decisions, namely large-scale social distancing policies. However, over time several regions in Indonesia have begun to end large-scale social distancing called new normal. The new normal condition has undoubtedly changed the pattern of mode choice of the passenger. Little attention has been paid to the travel mode choice under the new normal condition. Therefore, this study aims to understand the travel mode choice model of train and bus, especially in the new normal era. The primary data was collected using the stated preference online-based survey. This study performed a Binomial-Logit-Difference model. From the modelling result, 89% of the passenger will choose the bus if the train's travel fare is IDR 160,000 higher. The probability value will be equal when the ticket fare of the bus is IDR 25,000 higher than train’s travel cost. It indicates that people choose the bus mode because of the travel cost factor. Directions for the future study are presented
Risk Factors Related to Recurrence Rates of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Pakraman and Non-Pakraman Villages in Bali Province
Authors: Luh Sri Wahyuni Ni , Handayani Nasution Tina , Widjajanto Edy
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Uncontrolled risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and fewer activities are the main causes of ACS recurrence within 30 days after the acute presentation. This study aims to analyze risk factors related to the recurrence rate of ACS patients in Pakraman and non-Pakraman villages in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. Observational analytics with Cross-Sectional Study are used in this study involving 130 patients within 1 month. Data is collected through two (2) stages using a questionnaire. The bivariate analysis shows that both smoking groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008) and hypertension groups (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01) are associated with ACS recurrence, while physical activity groups are not related (p = 0.455 and p = 0.565). Logistic regression results show that smoking (5.633) is highly associated with ACS recurrence in Pakraman villages, while hypertension (4.784) is highly associated with ACS recurrence in non-Pakraman villages. ACS handling is important in the acute period and in the long-term to prevent the risk of recurrence.
Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Cahyawati Dian , Gunarto Muji
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini menguraikan hasil penelitian tentang persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran daring pada awal masa pandemi Covid-19.  Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dengan angket yang dibagikan secara online kepada mahasiswa aktif semseter genap 2019/2020. Diperoleh responden sebanyak 91 orang. Responden mahasiswa laki-laki ada 38% dan perempuan sebanyak 62%. Sebanyak 46% adalah mahasiswa tingkat pertama dan sisanya ada 54% adalah mahasiswa tingkat kedua dan ketiga. Hampir 90% responden mengikuti lebih dari lima mata kuliah pembelajaran daring melalui aplikasi Google Classroom, Google Meet, Zoom, Edmodo, e-learning kampus, atau Whatsapp Group. Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajarn daring menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa masih merasa terhambat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran daring, hanya 15% responden yang menyatakan kesetujuannya terhadap pembelajaran daring, berpendapat bahwa beban tugas lebih banyak, masih kesulitan menerima materi, masih sangat berkepentingan untuk bertemu dan mendapatkan penjelasan dari dosen. Upaya perbaikan efektivitas pembelajaran daring perlu dilakukan dan dipersiapkan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa. Khusus untuk mahasiswa, persiapan perangkat dan aplikasi pembelajaran daring, dan meningkatkan persiapan mental yaitu beradaptasi, mandiri, tangguh, dan bertanggung jawab adalah upaya untuk mencapai hasil pembelajaran yang maksimal.AbstractThis article outlines the results of research on students' perceptions of online learning at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used was a survey with a questionnaire distributed online to active students of even semester 2019/2020. Obtained respondents as many as 91 people. 38% of males and 62% female. About 46% were first-year students and the remaining 54% were second and third-year students. Nearly 90% of respondents attended more than five online learning courses through the Google Classroom application, Google Meet, Zoom, Edmodo, campus e-learning, or Whatsapp Group. The exploration of perception results showed that students still find some obstacles in participating in online learning, argue that the student's assignment was more, they were difficult to receive about the material, still very important to meet and get an explanation from the lecturer. Improving online learning effectiveness could be done and prepared by lecturers and students. Specifically for students, preparing the online learning tools and applications, and improving mental preparation namely adaptable, self-regulated learning, tough, and responsible are the efforts to achieve maximum learning outcomes.
Effect of Saudi nurses’ perceived work-life quality on work engagement and organizational commitment
Authors:   Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, et al. Hassona
Published: March 2021

The nurse faculty at the University of Ha’il in Saudi Arabia is responsible for academic and in-service education for nursing discipline and for staff and organizational research. They are considered critical players in assuring quality educational experiences that prepare the nursing workforce for a diverse, ever-changing health care environment. Nowadays, Ha’il University is seeking accreditation, which includes evidence that the working environment is appropriate for both students and the teaching staff. Also, managements in public higher education institutions recently have utilized quality of work-life as a tool for attracting and retaining talented academic staff. Because with having quality of work-life commitment and loyalty of the employees created to its potential. Thus the aim of this study is to test the mediating effect of quality of work-life on the relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment among academic nursing staff at Ha’il University. Measures were the quality of the work-life scale, the short form of the Utrecht work engagement scale, and an organizational commitment questionnaire. The results indicated that the academic nursing staff had satisfactory levels of work-life quality (3.56±0.62) and high work engagement (4.76±1.12) and a positive organizational commitment result (3.09±0.22). A correlation was found between quality of work-life and organizational commitment. However, there was neither a significant relationship between quality of work-life and work engagement nor was there between work engagement and organizational commitment. The conclusion was therefore that quality of work-life does not mediate the work engagement and organizational commitment relationship.
COVID-19 associated delirium: pathogenetic mechanisms of induction and clinical features
Authors: Tsoy L. V.
Published: March 2021

The present review describes pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical features of COVID-19 associated delirium. Potential factors leading to the named condition and pathophysiological chains were described elaborately, including older adults’ manifestation analysis based on the latest clinical studies. A systematic literature review was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, e-library, Google Scholar and others.
The role of genetic and metabolic disorders in osteoporosis
Authors: Vasilyeva L. V. , Bezzubtseva E. N. , Gosteva E. V. , Evstratova E. F.
Published: March 2021

Osteoporosis is a progressive multifactorial systemic disease of the skeletal system characterized by the damage of the microarchitectonics of the bone tissue, which leads to the occurrence of low-energy fractures and impairment of the quality of life of individuals. The risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include smoking, which inhibits calcium absorption in the intestine and not only contributes to the reduction of bone density but also acts as a predictor of bronchopulmonary pathology. The systemic inflammation that develops in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, associated with the production of interleukins (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor – α, stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and a low level of osteoprotegerin closes the circle. In clinical practice, the determination of markers of bone resorption is required. This is a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, the 5β fraction of which signals the end of the resorption process; these are hydroxypyridine crosslinks – pyridoline (PYD) and deoxypyridoline, that stabilize the bone collagen molecule. Genetic factors also play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. The presence of the GG genotype or the G allele of the 283 A> G polymorphism (Bsml) of the VDR gene is a predictor of osteoporosis of the lumbar vertebrae L1-L4. The substitution of cytosine for thymine (C> T) in exon 17 of the calcitonin gene (CALCR) at position 1340 leads to the substitution of the amino acid proline (CCG) for leucine (CTG) at position 463 of the receptor protein molecule and affects bone density. But the most phylogenetically ancient mechanism for regulating the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis is the Wnt signaling pathway (SP-Wnt). Alterations in Wnt signaling observed in cases of genetic mutations cause various diseases of the human skeleton. A systematic literature search was carried out using the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science databases.
A case of timely diagnosis and successful surgical correction of the left pulmonary artery sling in a newborn
Authors: Pukhtinskaya M. G. , Estrin V. V. , Lebedenko A. A. , Porutchikovа Yu. A. , Simonovа A. V. , Aleksanyants T. N.
Published: March 2021

The article describes a clinical observation of a newborn patient with a rare congenital cardiovascular disorder of the left pulmonary artery sling. There are few publications in the world’s literature on the clinical observations of the above pathology, which causes the key difficulty in diagnostics. Moreover, this case features a favorable outcome thanks to a timely diagnosis and a successful surgical correction that followed.
History of the Rostov school of obstetrics and gynecology (to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia)
Authors: Mikhelson A. F. , Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Evdokimova E. P.
Published: March 2021

In November 1915, the Russian University of Warsaw appeared in Rostov-on-Don, which later became the Donskoy University, and in the present – the Rostov State Medical University. The Department and clinic of obstetrics and women’s diseases in Rostov-on-Don were set up as part of the medical department of the University of Warsaw, which was evacuated to Rostovon-Don also in 1915. The founder of the Department was a doctor of medicine, Professor Anastasiy Alexandrovich Sitcinski. The Rostov school of obstetricians and gynecologists, which is distinguished by continuity, the presence of family dynasties, observance of traditions in the transfer of knowledge, skills, and moral qualities, began with the activities of this doctor. The stages of development of the Rostov school of obstetrics and gynecology presented in the article are of current importance in the aspect of studying problems related to the history of medicine. In order to analyze the scientific directions of the Rostov school of obstetrics and gynecology, the peculiarities of the work of the departments of obstetrics and gynecology of the Rostov state medical University were studied. The assessment of continuity in scientific work and practical activities were carried out. The article presents the features of the development of the Rostov school of obstetrics and gynecology over the past 90 years. The work of individual departments of obstetrics and gynecology, their scientific directions were analyzed.
The Value of Web-Based Patient Education Materials on Transarterial Chemoembolization: Systematic Review
Authors: Sideris Georgios Antonios , Vyllioti Aikaterini-Themis , Dima Danai , Chill Michael , Njuguna Njogu
Published: March 2021

Background

Thousands of web searches are performed related to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), given its palliative role in the treatment of liver cancer.

Objective

This study aims to assess the reliability, quality, completeness, readability, understandability, and actionability of websites that provide information on TACE for patients.

Methods

The five most popular keywords pertaining to TACE were searched on Google, Yahoo, and Bing. General website characteristics and the presence of Health On the Net Foundation code certification were documented. Website assessment was performed using the following scores: DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. A novel TACE content score was generated to evaluate website completeness.

Results

The search yielded 3750 websites. In total, 81 website entities belonging to 78 website domains met the inclusion criteria. A medical disclaimer was not provided on 28% (22/78) of website domains. Health On the Net code certification was present on 12% (9/78) of website domains. Authorship was absent on 88% (71/81) of websites, and sources were absent on 83% (67/81) of websites. The date of publication or of the last update was not listed on 58% (47/81) of websites. The median DISCERN score was 47.0 (IQR 40.5-54.0). The median TACE content score was 35 (IQR 27-43). The median readability grade level was in the 11th grade. Overall, 61% (49/81) and 16% (13/81) of websites were deemed understandable and actionable, respectively. Not-for-profit websites fared significantly better on the Journal of the American Medical Association, DISCERN, and TACE content scores.

Conclusions

The content referring to TACE that is currently available on the web is unreliable, incomplete, difficult to read, understandable but not actionable, and characterized by low overall quality. Websites need to revise their content to optimally educate consumers and support shared decision-making.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020202747; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020202747