bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Mutilation of the Fingers After a Supracondylar Humerus Fracture: The Deleterious Effects of a Median Nerve Palsy
Authors: Quince Elisa M. , Atkins Myles A. , Brooks Jaysson T.
Published: July 2020

Case:

A toddler underwent percutaneous pin fixation for a type III supracondylar humerus fracture (SHF). At home, her cast fell off and her k-wires pulled out. Subsequently, she presented to the emergency department for biting the tip of her index finger off and chewing on her thumb and middle fingers. She was diagnosed with a median nerve (MN) palsy with associated paresthesia.

Conclusion:

In very young children, it may be difficult to cope with the sensation of paresthesias after a MN palsy after a SHF. Self-mutilation of the fingers may be an unfortunate complication from these paresthesias.
Guided Growth with Hemiplateau Elevation as an Alternative to Epiphysiodesis for Treatment of a Young Patient with Advanced Infantile Blount Disease
Authors: Bolliet Marine P. , Bovid Karen M. , Bauler Laura D.
Published: July 2020

Case:

Infantile Blount disease results from deceleration of growth by the proximal posteromedial tibial physis causing tibia vara. In advanced disease stages, surgical treatment is indicated. Owing to the young age and advanced Langenskiöld stage in this patient, a novel technique was performed combining lateral proximal physeal tethering with medial hemiplateau elevation osteotomy to correct the articular surface and unload the medial proximal tibial physis.

Conclusion:

Together, these procedures allow for correction of alignment while preserving growth potential. This technique was successful in correcting tibia vara due to infantile Blount disease while allowing continued growth in a 5-year-old patient.
Влияние экзометаболитов моллюска Mytilus galloprovincialis на содержание R-фикоэритрина в красной водоросли Gelidium spinosum при выращивании в поликультуре
Authors: Беляев Б. Н. , Береговая Н. М.
Published: July 2020

Приведены результаты исследований культивирования красной черноморской водоросли Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva, 1996 (Rhodophyta) в лабораторных условиях в поликультуре микроводоросль Tetraselmis viridis — мидия Mytilus galloprovincialis — гелидиум с целью повышения концентрации R-фикоэритрина в последнем. Описано положительное влияние экзометаболитов мидий на концентрацию R-фикоэритрина в гелидиуме в поликультуре. Актуальность работы определяется ценностью фикоэритрина, который используют как мощный антиоксидант, а также как метчик в цитометрии и микроскопии. Цель исследования — увеличить концентрацию R-фикоэритрина в гелидиуме с применением метода поликультуры. В качестве материала использовали гелидиум из обрастания скал и берегоукрепительных сооружений в районе бухты Карантинная (г. Севастополь); его культивировали в лабораторной установке с восемью рабочими объёмами, в четырёх из которых содержали мидий. Деконтат мидий, дополненный минеральными солями и биогенами, использовали как питательную среду для гелидиума. Сочетание экзометаболитов мидий с разработанной ранее питательной средой на основе черноморской воды, обогащённой биогенами и минеральными солями, приводит к увеличению содержания R-фикоэритрина более чем вдвое, в то время как внесение экзометаболитов в чистую профильтрованную черноморскую воду повышает его максимум на 35 %. Ориентировочные весовые соотношения элементов поликультуры в 1,5-литровых объёмах, позволяющие достичь желаемого результата уже через две недели, — это 2 г гелидиума / 50–60 г двухлетних мидий / 0,4–0,6 г сырого веса микроводорослей.
Оценка неоднородности распределения клеток при токсикологических экспериментах с клоновыми культурами бентосных диатомовых водорослей
Authors: Петров А. Н. , Неврова Е. Л.
Published: July 2020

Увеличение антропогенной нагрузки на прибрежные акватории требует постоянного отслеживания состояния их экосистем. Удобными биоиндикаторами для опосредованной оценки качества морской среды служат донные диатомовые водоросли, являющиеся ключевым звеном морских прибрежных сообществ и обладающие высокой чувствительностью к влиянию экологических факторов. Изменение показателей развития микроводорослей под воздействием различных токсикантов может быть подходящим инструментом при мониторинге качества морской среды, однако научно-методические подходы использования бентосных диатомовых как тест-объектов остаются недостаточно разработанными. Одной из важных проблем является оценка достоверности выборок при подсчёте обилия клеток в сосудах на разных этапах токсикологического эксперимента. Цель работы — провести статистическую оценку достоверности равенства среднего исходного числа клеток инокулята клоновой культуры, вносимого в каждую из повторностей, а также достоверности равномерного распределения клеток по всей площади дна чашек Петри. Использованы клоновые культуры трёх видов бентосных диатомовых водорослей — Thalassiosira excentrica Cleve, 1903 (Coscinodiscophycea), Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow, 1880 (Fragilariophyceae) и Pleurosigma aestuarii (Bréb. in Kütz.) W. Smith, 1853 (Bacillariophyceae). Эти виды относятся к разным классам Bacillariophyta и значительно различаются по морфологии панциря и образу жизни (парящие в водной массе, прикреплённые, подвижные). Статистическое сравнение вариативности числа клеток в эксперименте подтвердило отсутствие достоверных различий между средними значениями исследуемого параметра у всех видов при стандартном уровне значимости (0,05). Показано, что, несмотря на видоспецифические отличия в темпе приращения числа клеток, вариативность числа клеток в полях зрения микроскопа в ходе эксперимента меняется незакономерно. Наибольшая вариативность отмечена на 5-е сутки у мелкоразмерного вида T. excentrica (Cv = 42…55 %), а наименьшая — у крупноклеточного вида A. crystallina (Cv = 27…31 %). Установлено отсутствие достоверных различий в численности клеток между тремя повторностями (для каждого из видов) как при исходном внесении инокулята в чашки, так и в последующие дни опыта. Вывод справедлив для каждого из изученных видов диатомовых, что позволяет рассматривать все повторности как выборки одной совокупности и осреднять результаты, полученные на разных стадиях токсикологического эксперимента. Статистически доказана равномерность распределения клеток по дну экспериментальных чашек, которая не зависит от видовой принадлежности клеток и их абсолютной численности. Результаты позволяют надёжно оценивать изменения численности клеток тестируемых видов диатомовых водорослей на разных этапах эксперимента по выборкам, полученным на основе подсчёта клеток в ограниченном числе полей зрения.
VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATE OF 30 RICE LANDRACES OF LAMJUNG AND TANAHUN DISTRICTS, NEPAL
Authors: Dhakal Anup , Sharma Shishir , Pokhrel Amrit , Poudel Ankur
Published: July 2020

The variability in the rice landraces is the source of variation and offers substantial opportunity for the development of new varieties through the selection. Exploring diversity and variability of landraces is utmost for rice improvement. The objective of the study was to assess diversity indices, magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance for the yield, and yield contributing traits. An experiment was carried out in alpha-lattice with 30 landraces, two replications in the Agronomy farm of IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during June-November, 2018. Shannon and Simpson's indices were calculated for 18 qualitative traits. The value of the Shannon and Simpson index ranged 0.15-1.41 and 0.07- 0.75, respectively. Landraces showed significant variations (p<0.001) for all 13 qualitative traits studied. The higher value of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the studied traits indicated the influence of the environment. The filled-grain per panicle exhibited a high estimate of PCV and GCV, followed by the effective tiller and filled grain percentage. High heritability, along with high genetic advance was found in 10 traits, including 1000 grain weight, grain length, and filled grain per panicle indicated the presence of additive gene action. Direct selection of characters of these traits based on phenotypic expression by a selection method will be more reliable for yield improvement. The study suggests that the existence of diversity and estimated genetic parameters among landraces of rice that can be exploited in future rice breeding programs.
Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea
Authors: Azmi Nazihah , Minhat Fatin Izzati , Hasan Sanatul Salwa , Rahman Abdul Manaf Omar Abdul , Abdul A'ziz Aishah Norashikin , Wan Saelan Wan Nurzalia , Shaari Hasrizal , Aziz Azzyyati Abdul , Suratman Suhaimi
Published: July 2020

We investigated the distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from Kelantan waters in the western part of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Twenty-nine benthic foraminiferal species were identified from seven samples collected along a ∼250 km-long transect perpendicular to the Kelantan coastline. Calcareous hyaline species made up 57% of the overall assemblages collected in the study area, followed by calcareous porcelaneous (23%) and agglutinated (20%) species. Cluster analysis recognised two distinctive groups. Group A represented the shallow inner-shelf area (19–35 m water depth) with a coarse sand-dominated substrate where Amphistegina papillosa (13.37%) and Assilina ammonoides (11.04%) were highly abundant. Group A had lowest diversity with no agglutinated species. Group B, occurred at 40–60 m water depth, had higher foraminiferal diversity and was characterised by a very fine sand substrate. The foraminiferal assemblages here were dominated by calcareous hyaline species in group B followed by calcareous porcelaneous and agglutinated species. Group B was characterised by Assilina ammoinodes (11.04%), Heterolepa dutemplei (10.29%), and Discorbinella bertheloti (10.03%). The dominant agglutinated species in Group B were Textularia agglutinans (4.93%) and Cylindroclavulina bradyi (3.55%). Shallow-water species, such as Amphistegina spp., were absent from Group B. Our study shows that the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the western Sunda shelf off Kelantan, is closely associated with changes in seafloor sediment, distance from the shore, and water depth.
Preloading Depleted Parent Wells To Avoid Fracture Hits: Some Important Design Considerations
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Manchanda Ripudaman , Gala Deepen , Sharma Mukul
Published: July 2020

Mitigating the negative impact of fracture hits on production from parent and child wells is challenging. This work shows the impact of parent-well depletion and repressurization on child-well fracture propagation and parent-well productivity. The goal of this study is to develop a method to better manage production/injection in the parent well so that the performance of the child well can be improved by minimizing fracture interference and fracture hits.

A fully integrated equation-of-state compositional hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator has been developed to seamlessly model fluid production/injection (water or gas) in the parent well and model propagation of multiple fractures from the child well. The effects of drawdown rate and production time is presented for a typical shale play for three different fluid types: black oil, volatile oil, and dry gas. The results show that different reservoir fluids and drawdown strategies for the parent wells result in different stress distributions in the depleted zone, and this affects fracture propagation in the child well. Different strategies were studied to repressurize the parent well by varying the injected fluids (gas vs. water), the volumes of the preload fluid, and so on. It was found that fracture hits can be avoided if the fluid injection strategy is designed appropriately. In some poorly designed preloading strategies, fracture hits are still observed. Last, the impact of preloading on the parent-well productivity was analyzed. When water was used for preloading, water blocking was observed in the reservoir, and it caused damage to the parent well. However, when gas was injected for preloading, the oil recovery from the parent well was observed to increase.

Such simulations of parent–child well interactions provide much-needed quantification to predict and mitigate the damage caused by depletion, fracture interference, and fracture hits.
Review of Temperature Dependence of Thermal Properties in Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Process: Mathematical Formulation
Authors: Irani Mazda , Ghannadi Sahar
Published: July 2020

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the preferred thermal-recovery method used to produce bitumen from Athabasca deposits in Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, heat energy is transferred from steam to the reservoir, which reduces bitumen viscosity, and enables the bitumen to flow toward the horizontal production well under gravity forces. Conduction is the main heat-transfer mechanism at the edge of the steam chamber. It is controlled by reservoir thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Both factors are temperature dependent and neglecting such dependency can cause errors that should be evaluated in one study. In this study an analytical SAGD model is discussed that includes temperature dependency in the prediction of the temperature evolution ahead of the interface, oil-production rates, and steam/oil ratio (SOR). Such a model is used to evaluate the importance of temperature dependency in different operational conditions.

The results of the presented analytical model reveal that the oil rate can be calculated ignoring temperature dependency, suggesting thermal conductivity and specific heat calculated at a dimensionless temperature ratio between 0.75 to 0.8 and between 0.37 to 0.41, respectively. For both laterally expanding and angularly expanding reservoirs, the SOR is independent of the thermal conductivity. Unlike the effect of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity on SOR, temperature dependency on heat capacity significantly affects SOR. Such errors are larger for higher injection pressures (hence, higher steam-chamber temperatures).

This study provides a modified Butler analytical SAGD model that combines independently calculated modification factors for thermal conductivity and heat capacity into a modification factor (CT). Interestingly, the modification factor is identical with the TANDRAIN factor that is suggested by Butler to reduce the overestimated rates from the original theory. Such a finding is important because it addresses modifications such as in TANDRAIN and LINDRAIN estimations that are a result of ignoring the temperature dependency in analytical formulation.
Improved Slippage Model for Sucker Rod Pumps Developed in a Pump Test Facility and Verified by Field Measurements
Authors: Langbauer C. , Kochtik D. , Volker L.
Published: July 2020

Sucker rod pumps provide a cost-efficient way to produce hydrocarbons from low-pressure reservoir formations. Their design is dependent on predictive models used to optimize the system before implementation in the field. The greater the accuracy of these models, the better the performance of the pumping system in the field. The scope of this paper is to present an improved plunger slippage model, developed in connection to the pump test facility (PTF) and validated by field data.

This paper provides an analysis of plunger slippage. Existing plunger-slippage models are compared with field data. Based on the result of this comparison, an improved plunger-slippage model is derived based on the Navier-Stokes equation and dimensional analysis. Adjustments are applied to increase the model's validity. The mathematical and laboratory work have shown that a proper fit to reality requires four coefficients that make the equation an empirical one. An extensive laboratory test campaign, using real field equipment, was performed at the PTF at Montanuniversitaet Leoben (MUL). Numerous influencing parameters, such as plunger velocity, clearance magnitude, and fluid viscosity, were studied.

Historical plunger-slippage models overestimate the slippage rate, whereas field data showed that newer models underestimate the slippage rate. In general, dynamic models are more accurate than static slippage models. The fit of the four model coefficients, based on laboratory tests, indicate that the chosen strategy of using laboratory tests and allocating the results to field conditions has worked out. The comparison of the results obtained by the presented improved slippage model and the field tests indicate a good match.

The presented slippage model predicts the plunger slippage rate precisely and results in greater accuracy. The plunger wear rate approach is presented, which can be used to plan well interventions, decrease intervention costs, and increase the mean time between failures.
Implementation of a complex intervention to improve participation in older people with joint contractures living in nursing homes: A process evaluation of a cluster-randomised pilot trial
Authors: Klingshirn Hanna , Müller Martin , Beutner Katrin , Hirt Julian , Strobl Ralf , Grill Eva , Meyer Gabriele , Saal Susanne
Published: July 2020

Background: Joint contractures in frail older people are associated with serious restrictions in participation. We developed the Participation Enabling CAre in Nursing (PECAN) intervention, a complex intervention to enable nurses to promote participation in nursing home residents with joint contractures. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of the implementation strategy and to identify enablers and barriers for a successful implementation.Methods: The implementation of PECAN was investigated in a 6-month pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial (c-RCT). As a key component of the implementation strategy, nominated nurses were trained as facilitators in a one-day workshop and supported by peer-mentoring (visit, telephone counselling). A mixed-methods approach was conducted in conjunction with the pilot trial and guided by a framework for process evaluations of c-RCTs. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires (nursing staff), documentation forms, problem-centred qualitative interviews (facilitators, therapists, social workers, relatives, peer-mentors), and a group discussion (facilitators). A set of predefined criteria on the nursing home level was examined. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis.Results: Seven nursing homes (n=4 intervention groups, n=3 control groups) in two regions of Germany took part in the study. Facilitators responded well to the qualification measures (workshop participation: 14/14; workshop rating: “good”; peer-mentor visit participation: 10/14). The usage of peer-mentoring via telephone varied (one to seven contacts per nursing home). Our implementation strategy was not successful in connection with supplying the intervention to all the nurses. The clear commitment of the entire nursing home and the respect for the expertise of different healthcare professionals were emphasised as enablers, whereas a lack of impact on organisational conditions and routines and a lack of time and staff competence were mentioned as barriers. Conclusion: The PECAN intervention was delivered as planned to the facilitators but was unable to produce comprehensive changes in the nursing homes and subsequently for the residents. Strategies to systematically include the management and the nursing team from the beginning are needed to support the facilitators during implementation in the main trial. Trial Registration: German clinical trials register, DRKS00010037. Registered 12 February 2016.
NMDA Receptor-mediated CaMKII/ERK Activation Contributes to Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Jingyi , Liu Shuaihui , Guo Luying , Wang Rending , Chen Jianghua , Shen Jia
Published: July 2020

Background: Renal fibrosis (RF) results in renal function impairment and eventually kidney failure. We found that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) played an important role during RF. However, its mechanism of action is yet to be deciphered. Methods: Acute RF was induced in mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). NR1, which is the functional subunit of NMDAR, was downregulated using lentiviral vector-mediated shRNA interference. Histological changes were observed by Masson’s trichrome staining. Expression of NR1, fibrotic and EMT markers were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. HK-2 cells were incubated with TGF-β, and NMDAR antagonist MK-801 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) antagonist KN-93 administration were further included in this study for pathway determination. Expression of NR1, total and phosphorylated CaMKII, total and phosphorylated ERK were measured using western blot and immunofluorescent assays. Chronic renal fibrosis was introduced by sublethal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice, and oral NMDAR inhibitor dextromethorphan (DXM) administration was performed. Results: NR1 expressions were upregulated in both obstructed kidneys and TGF-β treated HK-2 cells. NR1 knockdown, MK801 and KN93 reduced the fibrotic morphology in vivo and in vitro respectively, and companied with the downregulated ERK activation, while KN93 administration had no effect on NR1 and CaMKII levels. Mice in the DXM group had better preservation of kidney structures and corticomedullary volumes. Conclusions: NMDAR participates in both acute and chronic renal fibrogenesis via CaMKII/ERK activation, and is a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.
Myxoid stroma is associated with postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer
Authors: Okuyama Takashi , Sameshima Shinichi , Takeshita Emiko , Mitsui Takashi , Noro Takuji , Ono Yuko , Noie Tamaki , Ban Shinichi , Oya Masatoshi
Published: July 2020

Background: Fibrosis surrounding cancer cells has been shown to affect cancer cell metastatic behavior. The present study aimed to explore the utility of myxoid stroma as a predictive factor for postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer.Methods: The present study retrospectively investigated 169 patients who underwent curative surgical resection of stage II colon cancer. The fibrotic stroma was classified according to Ueno’s criteria, and the patients were divided into the myxoid (MY) group and the non-MY (NMY) group. We also recorded tumor budding (TB) and investigated the combination of MY and TB for postoperative relapse. Postoperative survival was also explored.Results: Thirty-two (18.9%) patients had MY. MY was significantly associated with tumor budding (TB) and postoperative relapse (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The 5-year RFS rates in MY group and NMY group were 52.1% and 94.6% (p<0.0001), and the 5-year OS rates in MY group and NMY group were 74.6% and 93.3% (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that both MY and TB were significant risk factors for postoperative relapse (; p<0.001, and p=0.02, respectively). Furthermore, compared with patients with either one of MY or TB, patients with both MY and TB had postoperative relapse significantly more frequently (11.4% vs. 53.8%).Conclusions: The present study suggests that MY is a predictive marker for postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer.
Transcriptome analysis and molecular mechanism of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) drought tolerance under repeated drought using single-molecule long-read sequencing
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Lei , Wang Ling , Tan Meilian , Ogutu Collins O. , Yin Ziyan , Zhou Jian , Wang Jiaomei , Wang Lijun , Yan Xingchu
Published: July 2020

Background: Oil flax (linseed, Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the most important oil crops., However, the increases in drought resulting from climate change have dramatically reduces linseed yield and quality, but very little is known about how linseed coordinates the expression of drought resistance gene in response to different level of drought stress (DS) on the genome-wide level.Results: To explore the linseed transcriptional response of DS and repeated drought (RD) stress, we determined the drought tolerance of different linseed varieties. Then we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing of drought-resistant variety (Z141) and drought-sensitive variety (NY-17) under DS and RD stress at the seedling stage using single-molecule real-time sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and reduce and visualize GO (REVIGO) enrichment analysis showed that upregulated genes of Z141 were enriched in more functional pathways related to plant drought tolerance than those of NY-17 were under DS. In addition, 4436 linseed transcription factors were identified, and 1190 were responsive to stress treatments. Moreover, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that the proline biosynthesis pathway interacts with stress response genes through RAD50 (DNA repair protein 50) interacting protein 1 (RIN-1). Finally, proline biosynthesis and DNA repair structural gene expression patterns were verified by RT- PCR.Conclusions: The drought tolerance of Z141 may be related to its upregulation of drought tolerance genes under DS. Proline may play an important role in linseed drought tolerance by maintaining cell osmotic and protecting DNA from ROS damage.. In summary, this study provides a new perspective to understand the drought adaptability of linseed.
Co-relation with novel phosphorylation sites of IκBα andnecroptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Yoon Hee-sub , Yun Sung Ho , Park Joo-Hee , Han Eun Hee , Chi Sung-Gil , Chung Young Ho
Published: July 2020

Background: The phosphorylation of NF-kappaB inhibitor alpha (IκBα) protein is pivotal to the regulation of NF-κB transcription factor activity in the cell. The phosphorylation of IκBα by IκB kinase family have been so many identified, but the phosphorylation sites of IκBα by other kinases remain poorly understood. We investigated the new phosphorylation site for IκBα and identified its biological function in breast cancer cells. Methods: Previously we observed that aurora kinase (AURK) binds IκBα in the cell. To identify the essential domains of IκBα for phosphorylation of IκBα by AURK, kinase assay was performed with a series of IκBα truncation mutants. AURK significantly promotes activation of IκBα at serine 32, but not serine 36 residues, unlike IκB kinase (IKK) family proteins activate both IκBα serine residues. We also confirmed phosphorylation of IκBα by the matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) and nano-liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (nanoLC-MS/MS; Q Exactive). Results: We identified two novel sites of serine phosphorylation at S63 and S262. Alanine transition of S63 and S262 (S63A and S262A) of IκBα induced inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of p65 transcription activity. Besides, S63A and/or S262A of IκBα regulated apoptotic and necroptic effects in breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Therefore, we identified novel phosphorylation site of IκBα by AURK, and its site was related to apoptosis and necroptosis pathway in breast cancer cells.
Low-arginine and low-protein diets induce hepatic lipid accumulation through different mechanisms in growing rats
Authors: Otani Lila , Nishi Hiroki , Koyama Ayaka , Akasaka Yuta , Taguchi Yusuke , Toyoshima Yuka , Yamanaka Daisuke , Hakuno Fumihiko , Jia Huijuan , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro , Kato Hisanori
Published: July 2020

Background: Dietary protein deficiency and amino acid imbalance cause hepatic fat accumulation. We previously demonstrated that only arginine deficiency or total amino acid deficiency in a diet caused significant hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in young Wistar rats. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of fatty liver formation in these models.Methods: We fed 6-week-old male Wistar rats a control diet (containing an amino acid mixture equivalent to 15% protein), a low-total-amino acid diet (equivalent to 5% protein; 5PAA), and a low-arginine diet (only the arginine content is as low as that of the 5PAA diet) for 2 weeks.Results: Much greater hepatic TG accumulation was observed in the low-arginine group than in the low-total-amino acid group. The lipid consumption rate and fatty acid uptake in the liver did not significantly differ between the groups. In contrast, the low-total-amino acid diet potentiated insulin sensitivity and related signaling in the liver and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. The low-arginine diet also inhibited hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein secretion without affecting hepatic insulin signaling and lipogenesis.Conclusions: Although the arginine content of the low-arginine diet was as low as that of the low-total-amino acid diet, the two diets caused fatty liver via completely different mechanisms. Enhanced lipogenesis was the primary cause of a low-protein diet-induced fatty liver, whereas lower very-low-density lipoprotein secretion caused low-arginine diet-induced fatty liver.
Persons post-stroke improve step length symmetry by walking asymmetrically
Authors: Padmanabhan Purnima , Sreekanth Keerthana , Gulhar Shivam , Cherry-Allen Kendra M. , Leech Kristan A. , Roemmich Ryan T.
Published: July 2020

Background

Restoration of step length symmetry is a common rehabilitation goal after stroke. Persons post-stroke often retain the ability to walk with symmetric step lengths ("symmetric steps"); however, the resulting walking pattern remains effortful. Two key questions with direct implications for rehabilitation have emerged: 1) how do persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps, and 2) why do symmetric steps remain so effortful? Here, we aimed to understand how persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps and explored how the resulting gait pattern may relate to the metabolic cost of transport.

Methods

We recorded kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic data as nine persons post-stroke walked on an instrumented treadmill under two conditions: preferred walking and symmetric stepping (using visual feedback).

Results

Gait kinematics and kinetics remained markedly asymmetric even when persons post-stroke improved step length symmetry. Impaired paretic propulsion and aberrant movement of the center of mass were evident during both preferred walking and symmetric stepping. These deficits contributed to diminished positive work performed by the paretic limb on the center of mass in both conditions. Within each condition, decreased positive paretic work correlated with increased metabolic cost of transport and decreased walking speed across participants.

Conclusions

It is critical to consider the mechanics used to restore symmetric steps when designing interventions to improve walking after stroke. Future research should consider the many dimensions of asymmetry in post-stroke gait, and additional within-participant manipulations of gait parameters are needed to improve our understanding of the elevated metabolic cost of walking after stroke.
Understanding long-term HIV survivorship among African American/Black and Latinx persons living with HIV in the United States: A qualitative exploration through the lens of symbolic violence
Authors: Freeman Robert , Gwadz Marya , Wilton Leo , Collins Linda M. , Dorsen Caroline , Hawkins Robert L. , Silverman Elizabeth , Martinez Belkis Y. , Leonard Noelle R. , Applegate Amanda , Cluesman Sabrina
Published: July 2020

Background

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer, although racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities persist. Yet, little is known about successful HIV management over decades. To address this gap, the present study took a qualitative approach and used the lens of symbolic violence, a type of internalized, non-physical violence manifested in the power differential between social groups. We focused on adult African American/Black and Hispanic/Latinx (AABHL) PLWH from low SES-backgrounds.

Methods

Data were drawn from two studies with AABHL PLWH in New York City ( N =59). After providing signed informed consent, participants engaged in in-depth semi-structured interviews on aspects of HIV management. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using a systematic content analysis approach.

Results

Participants in the two studies were comparable on sociodemographic and HIV history characteristics. They had lived with HIV for 20 years, on average (range 3-33 years). All were from low-SES backgrounds and most were African American/Black and men. Participants experienced a convergence of multiple intersecting social exclusions, harms, and stigmas, consistent with symbolic violence, which contributed to disengagement from HIV care and medications. We found five specific sub-themes: (1) material, social, and emotional challenges combined to “grind down” participants over time and diminish self-worth and even, at times, the will to live, (2) social isolation and self-isolation, based in part on feeling devalued and dehumanized, served as both a stigma-avoidance strategy and a mechanism of social exclusion, (3) stigmatizing aspects of patient-provider interactions, both experienced and anticipated, and (4) perceived restricted autonomy in HIV care reduced engagement, and (5) poor HIV management was internalized as a personal failure. Importantly, resilience was also evident throughout the five sub-themes.

Conclusions

Symbolic violence is a useful framework for understanding the experiences of long-term HIV management/survivorship among AABHL PLWH from low-SES backgrounds. Aspects of symbolic violence are internalized over time (e.g., experiencing devaluation, dehumanization, loss of self-worth, and anticipated stigma), thereby impeding successful HIV management, including because avoiding HIV care and discontinuing HIV medications are primary coping strategies. Study findings have implications for interventions in community and health care settings.
Application of the thermal time model for different Typha domingensis populations
Authors: León Fanny Mabel Carhuancho , Cortijo Pedro Luis Aguado , Izquierdo María del Carmen Morató , Moncho María Teresa Castellanos
Published: July 2020

Background: Cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) is a perennial emergent plant which is used in Green Floating Filters (GFFs), one of the most innovative systems of wastewater treatment to bioremediate eutrophic waters and produce biomass as biofuel feedstocks. The establishment of cattails in GFFs depends on the seed germination and plant responses under conditions of a new habitat. This study analysed the germination responses of four different populations of cattails through a thermal time model to know their basic parameters of germination and which population would be more adapted to the conditions tested.Results: Seeds from the Badajoz (Ba), Cuenca (Cu), Madrid (Ma), Seville (Se) and Toledo (To) populations were exposed to different thermal regimes (constant, and alternating temperatures between 15 and 30°C) and different darkness treatments (between 0 and 20 days with 24h dark photoperiod, then exposed to light with 12h light/dark photoperiod) to determine the parameters of the thermal model from germination levels in each treatment. To population was used to validate the thermal time parameters of other populations. Regardless of the other parameters, no germination occurred in total darkness. The mean value of base temperature (Tb) was 16.4±0.2°C in all treatments. Optimum temperature (To) values in Ma and Ba were 25°C, and those in Cu and Se were 22.5°C. The germination response decreased when the temperature approached Tb and increased when it was close to To. In comparison to alternating temperatures, constant temperatures had the highest germination response and lowest thermal time (θT(50)). Darkness treatments had a direct relationship with θT(50). The population origin also affected seed germination; Cu had the highest values of To and germination response but had a lower θT(50), which coincides with the lowest mean ambient temperatures. Conclusion : According to these results, the germination response of cattails was high in all populations under optimal conditions but was affected to a greater or lesser extent depending on thermal regimes, darkness treatments, and populations. The thermal time model allowed us to determine that To was between 22.5-25ºC and that Cu is the best population regarding the germination response under the conditions tested.
Tissue Doppler Imaging And Strain Rate Of The Left Atrial Lateral Wall: Age Related Variations And Comparison With Parameters Of Diastolic Function
Authors: Argento Laura Vanina , Travetto Carolina Mercedes , Colicigno Maria de las Mercedes , Marambio Gerardo , Gentile Silvia , Salvati Ana , Lax Jorge , Cianciulli Tomás
Published: July 2020

Background: Strain Rate Imaging (SRI) is one of the most used techniques to study left atrial (LA) and diastolic function. Its availability in low-income countries is diminished since it requires additional expensive software, among other limitations. In contrast, Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is widely available and easy to use. We hypothesize TDI could detect changes in LA and diastolic function associated with age similarly to SRI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of age on LA and diastolic function assessed by LA lateral wall TDI online by spectral pulse, and to compare them with age-related variations of LA SRI and other parameters of diastolic function in a population of healthy adults. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one healthy adults were prospectively evaluated. In apical four - chamber view the LA lateral wall was divided in three portions. Peak velocities of basal and mid portions were measured with TDI online by spectral pulse and with SRI by speckle tracking. A first positive wave (S'la and SRS) and two negative waves (E'la and SRE, and A'la and SRA respectively) were obtained. E'la/A'la ratio and SRE/SRA ratio were analyzed. The distribution of the variables by age subgroups was described and analyzed. Correlation analyses were performed. Results: The median age was 42 years old and 54.9% were female. E'la/A'la showed a negative good correlation with age. E'la/A'la and SRE/SRA ratios changed from > 1 to < 1 in the age group of 41 - 50 years old, while this occurred in the group of 51 - 60 years old for the E/A ratio. Lateral and septal mitral annulus E´ showed decrease with age and prolongation of E-wave deceleration time was observed in the age group over 61 years old. Conclusion: Normal values​​ according to age group of TDI of the LA lateral wall were obtained. Age-related changes in LA and diastolic function could be detected as early with TDI as with SRI. Future studies are required to explore if this method could be used to address in part LA or diastolic function in other populations with established cardiovascular disease or at risk of presenting it, which could be useful in low-income settings, where SRI is not available.
Finite Cell Method for functionally graded materials based onV-models and homogenized microstructures
Authors: Wassermann Benjamin , Korshunova Nina , Kollmannsberger Stefan , Rank Ernst , Elber Gershon
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes an extension of the nite cell method (FCM) to V-rep models, a novel geometric framework for volumetric representations. This combination of an embedded domain approach (FCM) and a new modelingframework (V-rep) forms the basis for an efficient and accurate simulation of mechanical artifacts, which are not only characterized by complex shapes but also by their non-standard interior structure. These types of objects gain more and more interest in the context of the new design opportunities opened by additive manufacturing, in particular when graded or micro-structured material is applied. Two different types of functionally graded materials (FGM) are considered: The rst one, multi-material FGM is described using the inherent property of V-rep models to assign different properties throughout the interior of a domain. The second, single-material FGM { which is heterogeneously micro-structured { characterizes the effective material behavior of representative volume elements by homogenization and performs large-scale simulations using the embedded domain approach.
Comparison Of Treatment Outcomes Between Epoch And Chop Regimens In Patients With Hiv Associated Nhl In A Low Resource Setting
Authors: Okello Clement Dove , Omoding Abrahams , Ddungu Henry , Mulumba Yusuf , Orem Jackson
Published: July 2020

Background: The optimal chemotherapy regimen for treating HIV associated NHL in low resource settings is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study to describe survival rates, treatment response rates and adverse events in patients with HIV associated NHL treated with EPOCH and CHOP regimens at the Uganda Cancer Institute.Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with HIV and lymphoma and treated at the Uganda Cancer Institute from 2016 – 2018 was done.Results: One hundred eight patients treated with CHOP and 12 patients treated with EPOCH were analysed. Patients completing 6 or more cycles of chemotherapy were 51 (47%) in the CHOP group and 8 (67%) in the EPOCH group. One year overall survival (OS) rate in patients treated with CHOP was 54.5% (95% CI, 42.8 – 64.8) and 80.2% (95% CI, 40.3 – 94.8) in those treated with EPOCH. The observed survival rates differences were not statistically different between the two groups; hazard ratio, 0.43 (95% CI, 0.10 - 1.78; p=0.24). Factors associated with favourable survival were BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, (p=0.03) and completion of 6 or more cycles of chemotherapy, (p<0.001). The overall response rate was 40% in the CHOP group and 59% in the EPOCH group. Severe adverse events occurred in 19 (18%) patients in the CHOP group and 3 (25%) in the EPOCH group; these were neutropenia (CHOP=13, 12%; EPOCH=2, 17%), anaemia (CHOP=12, 12%; EPOCH=1, 8%), thrombocytopenia (CHOP=7, 6%; EPOCH=0), sepsis (CHOP=1), treatment related death (EPOCH=1) and hepatic encephalopathy (CHOP=1).Conclusion: Treatment of HIV associated NHL with curative intent using CHOP and infusional EPOCH is feasible in low resource settings and associated with >50% one year survival.
Association between cardiometabolic health and objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting: a pilot study.
Authors: Cook Ian , Mohlabe Matlawa , Makgopa Herbert Mabalane
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and cardiometabolic health, in a rural African setting in 139 adults (≥40 years, female: n=99, male: n=40). Wrist-mounted, tri-axial accelerometry data was collected over nine days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Biological data included body composition, resting blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids. Logistic regression models were constructed with insulin resistance (IR) and Cardiometabolic (CM) risk, as dependent variables, adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural and biological factors.

Results

Nocturnal sleep time was longer in females (p=0.054) and sleep quality was better in males (p≤0.017). Few participants slept >9 hours/night (4-5%), and 46-50% slept <7 hours/night. IR and CM risk was higher in females (p≤0.006). In adjusted models, sleep variables were independently associated with IR (p<0.05). Sleep quantity was non-linearly associated with CM risk (p≤0.0398), and linearly associated with IR (p≤0.0444). Sleep quality was linearly related with CM risk and IR (p≤0.0201). In several models, sleep quantity and sleep quality measures were concurrently and significantly associated with IR (p≤0.044).
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of tertiary education students in regard to air pollution in Windhoek, Namibia: a cross sectional study
Authors: KEMBA KOSMAS HAUSHIKU , Tshifhiwa Nkwenika , Vusumuzi Nkosi
Published: July 2020

Background: Knowing the residents' knowledge, attitude, and practices to air pollution is necessary for developing interventions specific to that population. Air pollution remains a neglected environmental concern in Windhoek, Namibia and people’s perceptions about air pollution and health have not been documented. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of tertiary students to air pollution in Windhoek. Methods: Students from five tertiary institutions in Windhoek were included in cross sectional study. A previously validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants. Frequency and a corresponding percentage were reported for categorical data, whereas the association between knowledge of air pollution and perceptions was evaluated using the Chi-square test. Kruskal Wallis rank test was used to assess the statistical difference in knowledge, attitudes and practices. Data analysis was performed using STATA 15 and evaluated at a 5% level of significance Results: More than half (59.4%) of the respondents thought that air pollution was a major problem, while over 90% knew that air pollution could negatively impact health. The media was found to be the main source of information for respondents (91.1%). Despite having the knowledge, less than a third (27%) of the respondents regularly took action out of concern of air pollution. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge, attitudes, and practices to air pollution (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Air pollution interventions targeting tertiary students should be aimed at informing them on ways in which they could contribute individually and collectively to reducing air pollution and its negative effects.
Comparison Between The Efficacy and Safety of The Single- (Love Baby) and Double-Balloon Catheters for Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction
Authors: Hou Meng , Wang Weihong , Liu Dan , Li Xuelan
Published: July 2020

Background: Induced labor is а progressively common obstetric procedure, Whether the specifically designed double-balloon catheter is better than the single-balloon device in terms of efficacy, efficiency and safety yet remains controversial. Methods: In our study We have performed a Retrospective study in which 220 patients with immature cervix were admitted for induction of labor either through single cervix balloon catheter (love-baby) (SBC) or double cervix balloon catheter (DBC). The comparison showed that the cervical bishop score was slightly higher for the SBC after removal or expulsion of the balloon. Results:This was a proof that SBC demonstrates slightly better efficacy for cervical ripening with a shorter time from balloon placement to spontaneous vaginal delivery than DBC. No significant differences in the comparison between SBC and DBC following other parameters like spontaneous vaginal delivery, the initiate uterine contractions rate, the number of patients that needed oxytocin, the balloon spontaneous expulsion rate and others have been detected. Interestingly, SCB showed a higher incidence in adverse reactions leading to taking out the balloon halfway. The multi-factor analysis showed that the spontaneous labor was a risk factor for the cesarean section in SBC patients.Conclusion: These results prove that the new Chinese single balloon, also called love baby, can effectively induce labor as it may be highly recommendable for cervical ripening than DBC, though it could be with a higher incidence of adverse reactions causing the balloon to be pulled out halfway.