bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entropic Ligand Mixing for Engineering 2D Layered Perovskite from Colloidal Monolayer Building Blocks
Authors: Massasa Emma. H. , Strassberg Rotem , Shechter Reut , Dror Shaked , Khalfin Sasha , Shaek Saar , Khristosov Maria Koifman , Hadar Ido , Bekenstein Yehonadav
Published: October 2023

Layered 2D perovskites are solution‐processed quantum‐wells. Their effective band‐gap is determined via the inorganic perovskite layer thickness and exciton quantum confinement effects. Alternatively, by changing the organic moieties, one can tune the dielectric constant and distance between the monolayers modifying the excitonic interactions. In colloidal perovskites, a dynamic equilibrium exists between the free organic moieties in the solution and the surface of the nanocrystal. Colloidal synthesis is used to make single monolayer L2PbBr4 platelets and assemble these into layered 2D stacks. In the experiment, L is an alkylamine surface ligand whose length (4‐18 carbons) determines the interlayer distances between the quantum‐wells. The dynamic equilibrium of ligand mixtures in solution and perovskite surfaces leads to optimal mixing of the molecules. During the self‐assembly of monolayers, the distance between the inorganic layers is thus engineered. The interlayer distance is proportional to the average ligand mixture length. This results in controlled interactions between the 2D‐excitons, enabling red‐shifted absorption and emission and extended lifetimes for longer alkyl chains. Using entropic mixing of ligands for the engineering of 2D excitonic interactions is therefore demonstrated. Formation of layered 2D perovskites from colloidal building blocks allows intermixing of dissimilar materials opening possibilities for new heterostructures and junctions.
Abrasive Wear in The Leg Joints of Insects
Authors: Nadein Konstantin , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: October 2023

The presence of wear of the joint cuticle of the beetle legs is demonstrated experimentally and is represented by abrasive wear. Presence of the abrasive wear in the natural‐habiting beetles of various families is also established. Abrasive wear comprises of both two‐body and three‐body wear as a result of the action of particles that have entered the joint. The presence of the sliding wear in the absence of abrasive particles is not found. The wear effects are represented by microcuttings, indentations, cracking, delamination, brittle fracturing, and destruction of the surface layer (epicuticle). The correlation of quantitative indicators of wear between the types of experimental substrates (paper, wood, sand) and the length of exposure of beetles on a particular substrate turned out to be very weak. It is hypothesized that the lubricating material in the leg joints of beetles may provide an anti‐wear function by binding particles and facilitating their removal thereby reducing surface damage by sharp asperities, and protecting the damaged surface to prevent further wear.
Ultrasensitive Room Temperature Infrared Photodetection Using a Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Liu Chih‐Ting , Vella Jarrett , Eedugurala Naresh , Mahalingavelar Paramasivam , Bills Tyler , Salcido‐Santacruz Bernardo , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Azoulay Jason D.
Published: October 2023

Photodetectors operating across the short‐, mid‐, and long‐wave infrared (SWIR–LWIR, λ = 1–14 µm) underpin modern science, technology, and society in profound ways. Narrow bandgap semiconductors that form the basis for these devices require complex manufacturing, high costs, cooling, and lack compatibility with silicon electronics, attributes that remain prohibitive for their widespread usage and the development of emerging technologies. Here, a photoconductive detector, fabricated using a solution‐processed narrow bandgap conjugated polymer is demonstrated that enables charge carrier generation in the infrared and ultrasensitive SWIR–LWIR photodetection at room temperature. Devices demonstrate an ultralow electronic noise that enables outstanding performance from a simple, monolithic device enabling a high detectivity (D*, the figure of merit for detector sensitivity) >2.44 × 109 Jones (cm Hz1/2 W−1) using the ultralow flux of a blackbody that mirrors the background emission of objects. These attributes, ease of fabrication, low dark current characteristics, and highly sensitive operation overcome major limitations inherent within modern narrow–bandgap semiconductors, demonstrate practical utility, and suggest that uncooled detectivities superior to many inorganic devices can be achieved at high operating temperatures.
Computational Investigation of MAX as Intercalation Host for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Jingyang , Ouyang Bin
Published: October 2023

Layered carbides and their analogs with MAX phase (general formula AMn+1Xn) have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage and conversion applications. One frontier for energy storage is using MAX as an Al‐ion intercalation electrode. Given that many MAXs have Al as the A sites, the structure can potentially serve as a stable host for Al intercalation. Here in this work, 425 ternary MAX Al‐ion battery electrodes are computationally enumerated. Specifically, first principal phase diagram calculations are performed on the combinatorial space of 17 types of typical transition metals, five types of anions (C, N, B, Si, and P), three types of stoichiometries (n = 1, 2, and 3) and two types of layered stackings (α and β). Among all the ternary MAX materials, 44 candidates show reasonable synthetic accessibility, and six with extraordinary performance are predicted to be promising Al‐ion battery electrodes. With the phase stability, and electrochemical performance (average voltage, theoretical capacity, energy density, and Al diffusion barrier), the work provides a comprehensive computational assessment of the great opportunities behind MAX‐based Al‐ion batteries.
Inoculant and fertilizer effects on lentil in the US northern Great Plains
Authors: Miller P. R. , Atencio S. C. , Jones C. A. , Carr P. M. , Eriksmoen E. , Franck W. , Rickertsen J. , Fordyce S. I. , Ostlie M. , Lamb P. F. , Fonseka D. L. , Grusak M. A. , Chen C. , Bourgault M. , Koeshall S. T. , Baber K. W.
Published: October 2023

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important crop, averaging over 250,000 ha in Montana and North Dakota during 2016–2021. However, relatively little is known about rhizobial inoculant and fertility response in lentil in the US northern Great Plains. The objective was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (seed coat and in‐furrow) and nutrient additions (potassium [K], sulfur [S], and micronutrients) on lentil yield and seed protein concentration. This study was conducted at seven university research centers in Montana and North Dakota from 2019 to 2021, resulting in 20 location‐years of data. In six of 20 experiments, inoculant application increased seed yield by an average of 36% (323 kg ha−1, p ≤ 0.05) but had no consistent effect on seed protein concentration. Lentil or pea crop history among locations did not explain inoculant response. Inoculant formulations (seed coat vs. in‐furrow) and K fertilizer had inconsistent and small effects on seed yield and protein concentration. However, S fertilizer (5.6 kg S ha−1) increased seed yield in four of 20 experiments (p ≤ 0.02) by an average of 14.5% (255 kg ha−1) in those experiments and decreased seed yield for one experiment (p = 0.05) by 5.8% (153 kg ha−1). Pre‐plant SO4‐S soil test levels did not predict lentil response to S fertilizer. Micronutrient application was assessed in 12 location‐years but had no effect on lentil yield or protein concentration. This research suggests a need to better understand what factors control lentil yield and protein response to rhizobial inoculant and S fertilization.
Associations of maternal stress, gene expression, and newborn birthweight in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Hsiao Chu J. , Quinn Edward B. , Maisha Felicien M. , Nevell Lisa D. , Mulligan Connie J.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Maternal stress has long been associated with lower birthweight, which is associated with adverse health outcomes including many adult diseases. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive although changes in gene expression may play a role. Studies are only beginning to test how maternal stress impacts gene expression as reflected in the transcriptome.

Materials and Methods

In a cohort of mothers and newborns in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (n = 93), we studied the effects of four maternal stress measures (chronic stress, war trauma, sexual trauma, and general trauma) on the transcriptomes of maternal venous blood, newborn venous blood, and placental tissues, and on newborn birthweight. Maternal stress was investigated as independent measures, principal components, and clusters identified through machine learning. The transcriptome was assayed using the ClariomD chip. Multiple regression models were used to test for associations between maternal stress measures, the transcriptome, and newborn birthweight.

Results

None of the maternal stress measures showed an association with the expression of individual genes. In contrast, when testing global gene expression, war trauma was significantly associated with the placental transcriptome. War trauma was also significantly associated with birthweight in multiple models. Mediation analysis indicated that ~14% of the effect of war trauma on birthweight was mediated by a placental gene expression component.

Discussion

Our results suggest that gene expression in the placenta, which represents the interface between mother and developing fetus, may partially mediate the negative impact of maternal stress on newborn birthweight.
Lessons from Failed Negotiations: Managing Conflict Mindfully
Authors: Riskin Leonard L.
Published: October 2023

Had I not participated—quite poorly—in two negotiations, several decades ago, I never would have written “Managing Conflict Mindfully: Don't Believe Everything You Think.”
Establishment of organoid models for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and screening of individualized therapy strategy
Authors: Gong Miaomiao , Meng Han , Tan Dengxu , Li Peng , Qin Jing , An Qingling , Shi Changhong , An Jiaze
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who undergo surgical resection and receive effective chemotherapy have the best chance for long‐term survival. Unfortunately, because of the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer, it is difficult to find a personalized treatment strategy for patients. Organoids are ideal preclinical models for personalized medicine. Therefore, we explore the cultivation conditions and construction methods of PDAC organoid models to screen the individualized therapy strategy.

Methods

Fresh PDAC tissues from surgical resection were collected and digested with digestive enzymes; then the tumor cells were embedded in Matrigel with a suitable medium to establish the PDAC organoid models. The genetic stability of the organoids was analyzed using whole exon sequencing; hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry of organoids were performed to analyze their consistency with the pathological morphology of the patient's tumor tissue; After 2 days of organoid culture, we selected four commonly used clinical chemotherapy drugs for single or combined treatment to analyze drug sensitivity.

Results

Two cases of PDAC organoid models were successfully established, and the results of their pathological characteristics and exome sequencing were consistent with those of the patient's tumor tissue. Both PDAC organoids showed more sensitivity to gemcitabine and cisplatin, and the combined treatment was more effective than monotherapy.

Conclusion

Both organoids better retained the pathological characteristics, genomic stability, and heterogeneity with the original tumor. Individual PDAC organoids exhibited different sensitivities to the same drugs. Thus, this study provided ideal experimental models for screening individualized therapy strategy for patients with PDAC.
Effective electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution of carbon paste electrode modified by Fe (II) and Ni (II) phenylimidazole‐dicarboxylate complexes
Authors: Gao Wei , Fei Cailing , Wu Zhengwei , Lv Yue , Zhang Jiaqi , Wu Huilu
Published: October 2023

The structure determined is helpful to explore the reaction mechanism and provide a design strategy for the synthesis of high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electricity catalysts. Therefore, two structurally tunable and deterministic metal complexes, [Fe(m‐H2MOPhIDC)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Ni(m‐HMOPhIDC)(H2O)2)]n (2) (m‐H3MOPhIDC = 2‐[3‐methoxyphenyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and used to assemble modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE 1–2) to explore the relationship between structure and catalytic performance. Structural analysis revealed that complexes 1 and 2 had a mononuclear structure and 1D linear structure, respectively, and that the central ions of the two complexes had the same coordination environment of the octahedral spatial configuration. In 0.5 M H2SO4 and 293 K, linear sweep voltammetry and Tafel curve indicate that the η10 (overpotential, 10 mA cm−2) of two modified carbon paste electrodes are −574 and −539 mV and Tafel slopes are 161 and 128 mV dec−1. Comparing the overpotential of CPE 1–2 with that of unmodified solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE, −976 mV), it was found that the overpotential of CPE1–2 shifted positively and the Tafel slopes are obviously reduced compared to sCPE (221 mV dec−1), which proves that the CPE 1–2 has effective electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The controlled potential electrolysis and impedance spectroscopy further validated the above conclusions. The higher HER activity of the CPE 2 than CPE 1 can be attributed to the fact that complex 2 is a one‐dimensional polymer, which can efficiently disperse the catalytic active site. The use of metal complexes as HER electrocatalysts provides a new idea for an effective method for converting electric energy into hydrogen energy and is beneficial to the development of the HER research field.
1,2‐Bis(triazolyl)tetraphenyldigermanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties
Authors: Zaitsev Kirill V. , Veshchitsky Gleb A. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Kharcheva Anastasia V. , Moiseeva Anna A. , Gloriozov Igor P. , Lermontova Elmira Kh.
Published: October 2023

Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C−GePh2−]2 (1) and a number of RCH2N3, this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4‐C2HN3(CH2R)GePh2−]2, 2–12 (R=Ph, p‐Tol, p‐C6H4NMe2, p‐C6H4OMe, p‐C6H4Br, m‐C6H4NO2, 2‐Naphth, CH2‐p‐OC6H4CHO, CH2‐p‐OC6H4COOMe, CH2P(O)(OEt)2, COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1–12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.
One‐year outcomes after prostate artery embolization versus laser enucleation: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Bhatia Ansh , Porto Joao Gabriel , Maini Aneesha , Langade Deepak , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Shah Hemendra Navinchandra , Bhatia Shivank
Published: October 2023

Background

Although holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) is considered a size‐independent procedure for treatment of an enlarged prostate, prostate artery embolization (PAE) is emerging as an alternative modality to treat moderate and large benign prostatic hyperplasia. This study aims to compare the early post‐operative and short‐term efficacy of PAE and HoLEP.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases were searched. Network meta‐analysis was performed following PRISMA‐N‐guidelines. Post‐operative parameters analysed include international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), post‐void residual urine (PVR), maximal uroflow rate (Qmax) and serious adverse events (SAE). Random effects model calculated weighted mean differences (WMD). If 95%CI crossed the line of no effect (WMD = 0), evidence indicated no statistically significant difference between treatments compared.

Results

Qualitative and quantitative syntheses included 20 and 18 studies with 1991 and 1606 patients, respectively. At 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference between PAE and HoLEP in IPSS score improvement [WMD: −2.21: 95%CI: (−10.20, 5.78), favouring PAE], QoL score improvement [WMD: −0.22:95%CI: (−1.75, 1.32), favouring PAE] and PVR improvement [WMD: 26.97: 95%CI: (−59.53, 113.48), favouring HoLEP]. However, PAE was found inferior to HoLEP for Qmax improvement [WMD: 8.47, 95%CI: (2.89, 14.05), favouring HoLEP]. At 1‐year follow‐up, there was no statistically significant was found between PAE and HoLEP for IPSS score improvement [WMD:6.03, 95%CI: (−1.30, 13.35)], QoL score improvement [WMD: 0.03, 95%CI: (−1.19, 1.25)], PVR improvement [WMD:4.11, 95%CI: (−32.31, 40.53)] and Qmax improvement [WMD:2.60, 95%CI: (−2.20, 7.41)] with all differences favouring HoLEP. PAE was superior to HoLEP for SAE [PAE vs. HoLEP‐OR: 0.68, 95%CI: (0.25, 1.37)].

Conclusion

HoLEP was superior to PAE at 3 months for Qmax improvement. There was no significant difference in IPSS, QoL, PVR and Qmax improvement at 1 year between PAE and HoLEP. PAE was also associated with lesser SAE compared to HoLEP. Studies on the long‐term outcome of PAE are needed to establish the durability of early outcomes after PAE.
Isotope effects on radical pair performance in cryptochrome: A new hypothesis for the evolution of animal migration
Authors: Galván Ismael , Hassasfar Abbas , Adams Betony , Petruccione Francesco
Published: October 2023

Mechanisms occurring at the atomic level are now known to drive processes essential for life, as revealed by quantum effects on biochemical reactions. Some macroscopic characteristics of organisms may thus show an atomic imprint, which may be transferred across organisms and affect their evolution. This possibility is considered here for the first time, with the aim of elucidating the appearance of an animal innovation with an unclear evolutionary origin: migratory behaviour. This trait may be mediated by a radical pair (RP) mechanism in the retinal flavoprotein cryptochrome, providing essential magnetic orientation for migration. Isotopes may affect the performance of quantum processes through their nuclear spin. Here, we consider a simple model and then apply the standard open quantum system approach to the spin dynamics of cryptochrome RP. We changed the spin quantum number (I) and g‐factor of hydrogen and nitrogen isotopes to investigate their effect on RP's yield and magnetic sensitivity. Strong differences arose between isotopes with I = 1 and I = 1/2 in their contribution to cryptochrome magnetic sensitivity, particularly regarding Earth's magnetic field strengths (25–65 µT). In most cases, isotopic substitution improved RP's magnetic sensitivity. Migratory behaviour may thus have been favoured in animals with certain isotopic compositions of cryptochrome.
Effects of green and circular products' features on consumers' choice of remanufactured smartphones
Authors: Kerber Jaqueline Carneiro , Fettermann Diego Castro , Bouzon Marina
Published: October 2023

Purchasing green products is one of the cornerstones to promote sustainable development since the negative impact of these products is lower than traditional goods. In a Circular Economic (CE) context, green products begin to encompass reconditioned products reintroduced to the production and consumption cycle, such as remanufactured products. Many green products and remanufactured products' features intersect; however, the consumers' perception of these two products is not equal. The present work analyses the consumers' intention to purchase remanufactured products in the Southern Brazil, in a CE context. To that end, 228 consumers from Southern Brazil answered a stated preference questionnaire with different scenarios of remanufactured smartphones with warranty, label and discount. Results indicate that warranty, label, and discount positively impact the consumers' choice towards remanufactured smartphones. Furthermore, results indicate that consumers would be willing to give up more on the discount in order to have a scenario where the remanufactured smartphone has a label and warranty. This study contributes to the literature on consumers' perception and purchase intention towards remanufactured products in emerging economies, which is still scarce. Furthermore, the industry might benefit from this work since understanding what affects consumers' purchase intention may help redirect marketing strategies to increase demand and competitiveness.
Crithmum maritimum L. Volatile Compound's Diversity Through Tunisian Populations: Use of a Plant Organ‐Based Statistical Approach for Chemotype Identification
Authors: Jallali Inès , Hannachi Hédia , Zaouali Yosr , Smaoui Abderrazek , Abdelly Chedly , Ksouri Riadh
Published: October 2023

This work aimed to investigate the variability of the chemical composition of the aromatic halophyte Crithmum maritimum L. essential oils according to the geographical origin and separated organs, using a statistical approach based on the multiple analysis of variance and the Principal Component Analyses. One hundred twenty samples were collected from three distinct bioclimatic regions (10 samples×3 provenances×4 organs). Hydrodistillation of separated organs (roots, stems, leaves and flowers) yielded 0.13 to 1.75 % of the dry matter. Chemical investigation of the volatile compounds by Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry showed that C. maritimum essential oils were dominated by monoterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and phenylpropanoids varying, respectively, from 33.3 to 66.9, from 7.8 to 46.6 and from 4.5 to 57.2 % according to organs and localities. Statistical analyses identified three different chemotypes depending on the geographic origin as follow: γ‐Terpinene‐Thymol methyl ether / Dillapiole / Thymol methyl ether‐Dillapiole.
In Vitro and in Silico Studies of Lichen Compounds Atranorin and Salazinic Acid as Potential Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gaikwad Subhash B. , Mapari Sachin V. , Sutar Ruchira R. , Syed Muntjeeb , Khare Roshni , Behera Bhaskar C.
Published: October 2023

Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of alga/cyanobacterium and fungus. We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties of two lichen compounds, atranorin and salazinic acid, and five lichen species: Heterodermia boryi, Heterodermia diademata, Heterodermia hypocaesia, Parmotrema reticulatum, and Stereocaulon foliolosum. Free radical scavenging, Ferric reducing potential, Nitric oxide scavenging, and Trolox equivalent capacity were used to measure antioxidant activity. Strong radical scavenging action was demonstrated by atranorin and salazinic acid, with IC50 values of 39.31 μM and 12.14 μM, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay based on resazurin, was used to measure antibacterial activity. Parmotrema reticulatum demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Raoultella planticola with MIC of 7.8 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay on breast cancer cell line was used to assess anticancer activity. To further understand the binding locations on the target proteins Er (Estrogen Receptor alpha), EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin), and PgR (Progesterone Receptor), molecular docking experiments were conducted. Docking study showed that the binding energies of atranorin and salazinic acid with mTOR were −5.31 kcal/mol and −3.43 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that atranorin has the potential to be a multitargeted molecule with natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.
Right ventricular remodeling and clinical outcomes following transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention
Authors: Dershowitz Lyle , Lawlor Matthew K. , Hamid Nadira , Kampaktsis Polydoros , Ning Yuming , Vahl Torsten P. , Nazif Tamim , Khalique Omar , Ng Vivian , Kurlansky Paul , Leon Martin , Hahn Rebecca , Kodali Susheel , George Isaac
Published: October 2023

Aims

Characterize the impact of residual tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on right ventricle (RV) remodeling and clinical outcomes after transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr) or replacement (TTVR) patients. The primary outcomes were longitudinal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and RV dimensions (RVd). We used multivariable linear mixed models to evaluate association with replacement versus repair and degree of TR reduction with changes in these echo measures over time. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify associations between changes in these echo measures and a composite clinical outcome of death, heart failure hospitalization, or re‐do tricuspid valve intervention.

Results

We included a total of 61 patients; mean age was 77.5 ± 11.7 and 62% were female. TTVR was performed in 25 (41%) and TTVr in 36 (59%). Initially, 72% (n = 44) had ≤ severe TR and 28% (n = 17) had massive or torrential TR. The median number of follow up echos was 2: time to 1st follow‐up was 50 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 20, 91) and last follow‐up was 147 (IQR: 90, 327). Median TR reduction was 1 (IQR: 0, 2) versus 4 (IQR: 3, 6) grades in TTVr versus TTVR (p < 0.0001). In linear mixed modeling, TTVR was associated with decline in TAPSE and PASP, and TR reduction was associated with decreased RVd. In multivariable Cox regression, greater RVd was associated with the clinical outcome (hazard ratio: 9.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.23–69.88, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Greater TR reduction is achieved by TTVR versus TTVr, which is in turn associated with RV reverse remodeling. RV dimension in follow‐up is associated with increased risk of a composite outcome of death, heart failure hospitalization, or re‐do tricuspid valve intervention.
Balloon‐assisted leaflet modification: Gaining momentum with innovative approaches
Authors: McCabe James M. , Helmy Tarek
Published: October 2023

Key Points

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is expanding.

The risk of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) remains a challenge.

Balloon‐assisted leaflet modification is a reasonable approach to mitigate LVOTO, especially with innovative approaches.
Copper‐Free Click Chemistry‐Mediated Assembly of Single Quantum Dot Nanosensor for Accurately Monitoring Locus‐Specific m6A in Cancer Cells†
Authors: Li Yue‐Ying , Zhao Ning‐Ning , Geng Yi‐Xuan , Han Qian , Qiu Jian‐Ge , Jiang Bing‐Hua , Wang Zi‐Yue , Zhang Chun‐Yang
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive Summary

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in embryogenesis, nuclear export, transcription splicing, and protein translation control. Herein, we demonstrate a copper‐free click chemistry‐mediated assembly of single quantum dot (QD) nanosensor for accurately monitoring locus‐specific m6A in cancer cells. The m6A‐sensitive endoribonuclease MazF can digest the unmethylated A‐RNA, and the intact m6A‐RNA then hybridizes with DNA probes a and b to produce a sandwich hybrid, initiating the click chemistry to generate probe a–b ligation product via first tandem ligation detection reaction (LDR) cycle. Subsequently, DNA probes c and d can hybridize with the probe a–b ligation product to generate the probe c–d ligation product via second LDR cycle. Both LDR cycles can be repeated through denaturation and annealing reaction to generate abundant biotin‐/fluorophore‐modified probe c–d ligation products that can easily assemble on the QD surface to induce distinct fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between QD and Cy5. This assay can be homogenously performed without the involvement of copper catalyst, m6A‐specific antibody, radioactive labeling, ligase enzyme, enzymatic reverse transcription, and next‐generation sequencing. Moreover, it can discriminate even 0.01% m6A level in complex samples and accurately measure cellular m6A‐RNA expression, providing a promising avenue for clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
Fused mean structure learning in data integration with dependence
Authors: Hector Emily C.
Published: October 2023

Motivated by image‐on‐scalar regression with data aggregated across multiple sites, we consider a setting in which multiple independent studies each collect multiple dependent vector outcomes, with potential mean model parameter homogeneity between studies and outcome vectors. To determine the validity of a joint analysis of these data sources, we must learn which of them share mean model parameters. We propose a new model fusion approach that delivers improved flexibility and statistical performance over existing methods. Our proposed approach specifies a quadratic inference function within each data source and fuses mean model parameter vectors in their entirety based on a new formulation of a pairwise fusion penalty. We establish theoretical properties of our estimator and propose an asymptotically equivalent weighted oracle meta‐estimator that is more computationally efficient. Simulations and an application to the ABIDE neuroimaging consortium highlight the flexibility of the proposed approach. An R package is provided for ease of implementation.
Cuproptosis‐related molecular patterns and gene (ATP7A) in hepatocellular carcinoma and their relationships with tumor immune microenvironment and clinical features
Authors: Li Shanbao , Weng Junyong , Xiao Chao , Lu Jing , Cao Wanyue , Song Fangbin , He Zeping , Zhang Peng , Zhu Zhonglin , Xu Junming
Published: October 2023

Background

Cuproptosis has been studied in various aspects as a new form of cell death.

Aims

We hope to explore the molecular patterns and genes related to cuproptosis in evaluating and predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the impact of tumor immune microenvironment.

Methods and Results

Sixteen cuproptosis related gene (CRGs) and cuproptosis related molecular and gene characteristics were comprehensively analyzed from 492 HCC samples. Cuproptosis related molecular patterns were generated by consensus clustering algorithm, including cuproptosis clusters, cuproptosis gene clusters (CGC) and cuproptosis score (CS). The characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immune cells were described by the ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms. Cuproptosis score was established to assess the clinical characteristics, prognostic and immunotherapy. The role and mechanism of CRG (ATP7A) in HCC, as well as its relationship with TME and immune checkpoints, have been further explored. The results of somatic mutation, copy number variations (CNV), and CRGs expression in HCC suggested the CRGs might participate in the HCC oncogenesis. The cuproptosis clusters were closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics, biological processes, and prognosis of HCC. The three CGC was revealed to be consistent with the three immune infiltration characterizations, including immune‐high, immune‐mid, and immune‐low subtypes. Higher CS was characterized by decreased TMB, activated immunity, higher immune cell proportion score (IPS) and better overall survival (OS), which indicated higher CS was immune‐high type and with better treatment effect and prognosis. The ATP7A had the highest hazard ratio (HR = 1.465, p < .001), was high expression in HCC tissues and with a shorter 5‐year OS. Knocking down ATP7A could enhance intracellular copper concentration, cause a decrease in DLAT expression, and induce cuproptosis and inhibit cell proliferation and migration. ATP7A was also positively correlated with most cancer immune cells and immune checkpoints.

Conclusion

Taken together, this research revealed the cuproptosis related molecular patterns and genes associated with the clinical pathological characteristics, TME phenotype and prognosis of HCC. The CS will further deepen our understanding of the TME characteristics of HCC, and the involvement of ATP7A in cuproptosis will provide new ideas for predicting HCC prognosis and immunotherapy.
Strategies adopted by oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in patient education on oral cancer: A Nigerian study
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Salami Afeez A. , Gbadamosi Adam A. , Nwafor Jacob N. , Amoo Babatunde A. , Adisa Akinyele O. , Aladelusi Timothy O. , Almu Bello , Amzat Jimoh , Braimah Ramat O. , Ogbeide Mike E. , Okwuosa Chukwubuzor U.
Published: October 2023

Background

The burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is increasing. Different studies have shown how public education on oral cancer have increased knowledge of oral cancer across populations, however, it is not known if these practices are adopted by oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in Nigeria.

Aims

To investigate the patient oral cancer education strategies adopted by oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in Nigeria.

Methods

This study adopted an analytical cross‐sectional study design. This study surveyed practicing oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in Nigeria. An e‐questionnaire was used for this study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20 software, and ap‐value of <.05 was used to determine the level of statistical significance.

Results

The study's response rate was 46.6% (75/161). The 75 participants were from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria responded to the survey questionnaire. Even though more than half (43/75, 57.3%) of the respondents have never received any training since their post‐bachelor's degree qualification on the strategies that can be used in educating patients on oral cancer, majority (54/75, 72.0%) of them knew at least one education strategy; also, the most known (36/54, 66.7%) and utilized (33/54, 61.3%) strategy among those respondents who were aware of patient education strategy was health talk. Only 38.7% (29/75) of the respondents reported that health learning materials (posters, leaflets, fliers, and flipcharts) are available in their clinics, all of which were in insufficient quantities. Also, 93.3% (70/75) of the respondents opined that it is worthwhile that dental clinics/hospitals in Nigeria invest in the provision of oral cancer learning materials for patient use. Inferential statistical analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between the respondents' characteristics and their awareness and practice on patient oral cancer education strategies.

Conclusion

This study identified that many oral physicians, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and oral pathologists in Nigeria lack the needed capacity to educate their patients on oral cancer. There is a need to strengthen their capacity by giving them training on patient oral cancer education strategies, and by providing them with good quality and enough teaching aids.
Genetic Manipulation of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ring Brooke E. , Khadka Saroj , Pariseau Drew A. , Mike Laura A.
Published: October 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped bacterium commonly found in the human intestine. Although it typically exists as part of the normal flora, it can also cause healthcare‐associated infections with severe consequences. Understanding the specific genes responsible for its virulence through genetic manipulation is crucial for potential therapeutic interventions. However, manipulating K. pneumoniae presents challenges due to its exopolysaccharide capsule. This article presents a comprehensive collection of protocols designed to facilitate the genetic manipulation of K. pneumoniae. By following these protocols, researchers will acquire the necessary skills to prepare electrocompetent cells, utilize electroporation for efficient plasmid DNA introduction, construct isogenic mutants using the λ Red recombinase system, and generate a complementation vector for restoring the phenotypic traits of knockout strains. These protocols provide valuable tools and techniques to navigate the intricacies associated with studying and modifying K. pneumoniae. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparing electrocompetent K. pneumoniae cells

Alternate Protocol 1: Preparing electrocompetent K. pneumoniae cells for recombineering

Basic Protocol 2: Transforming K. pneumoniae using electroporation

Basic Protocol 3: Constructing isogenic mutants in K. pneumoniae using the λ Red recombinase system

Support Protocol 1: Confirming a knockout via colony PCR

Support Protocol 2: Verifying absence of secondary mutations

Basic Protocol 4: Generating unmarked knockout mutants in K. pneumoniae using the pFLP plasmid

Basic Protocol 5: Constructing a complementation vector for K. pneumoniae
A Monoanionic Pincer Ligand with Pendant Phosphazene Arms: Stabilization of Main‐Group and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Li Kunlong , Huang Minghao , Zhou Jiliang
Published: October 2023

An unprecedented anionic pincer ligand with pendant phosphazene arms [2,6‐(MesN=PPh2)2C5H4N]− (LH) has been synthesized through a facile reaction of a bis(iminophosphoranyl)‐pyridine ligand with K‐selectride. LH can stabilize main‐group and transition metal complexes LHGeCl, LHSnCl, LHZnCl, and LHCdI. X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical study show that the phosphazene arms of LH strongly coordinate to the metal centers, while the central amide group alternatively donates one or two pairs of electrons to bind with different metal centers.
Thiuram Disulfides for the Fast and Efficient Synthesis of Peptide Disulfide Bonds Under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Song Changying , Ma Dongying , Wang Yafang , Shen Shigang , Huo Shuying
Published: October 2023

Disulfide bonds play a critical role in the pharmaceutical and biological properties of peptides. In this work, disulfiram and thiram were investigated to synthesize disulfide bonds in peptides. Excellent purities of single disulfide bond‐containing peptides were achieved with a fast reaction rate. Furthermore, one‐pot regioselective synthesis of two disulfide bonds was successfully achieved by the combination of disulfiram or thiram with trans‐[PtBr2(CN)4]2− under aqueous conditions.
Review when FERPA allows a college to disclose student education records
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: October 2023

Generally, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act prohibits postsecondary institutions from disclosing personally identifiable information from a student's education record to a third party without the student's consent. However, FERPA permits an educational institution to make a nonconsensual disclosure in certain circumstances. This article explores the various exceptions to FERPA's general consent requirement.
Applying Intro to Psych lessons to university administration
Authors: Schwebel David C. , McFarland Carl E.
Published: October 2023

The American Psychological Association estimates more than one million students take Introductory to Psychology courses annually. Psych 101 syllabi expose students to dozens of lessons spanning the broad field of psychology.
Bi‐objective Trade‐Off Optimization Control Strategy Based on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy–Pareto Algorithm for a Multimode Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Yang Xuelan , Lin Xinyou , Huang Qiang , Zheng Qingxiang , Wu Hao
Published: October 2023

Considering the trade‐off on the improvement of fuel economy performance and mode transition comfort for multimode hybrid electric vehicles (MMHEV), a bi‐objective trade‐off control strategy is designed based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) with Pareto method. Aiming at the problem of optimal economy of multimode working area of vehicles, the equivalent fuel consumption cost and torque distribution MAP in different modes are determined based on ECMS. In order to solve the problem of torque instability caused by engine response lag and demand torque fluctuation, the motor torque optimization coefficient (MTOC) is introduced as the control variable by taking advantage of the motor's fast and accurate response to torque, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the MTOC, and a smoother torque distribution is obtained. Because there is a coupling relationship between the economy and ride comfort of the system, the trade‐off optimization is carried out using the NSGA‐II algorithm based on Pareto principle. The simulation verification conducted in nonslope and slope conditions, as well as hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in managing the trade‐off between economy and ride comfort for the MMHEV.
Extrapolation of Metal Toxicity Data for the Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Using an Individual-Based Population Model
Authors: Viaene Karel P. J. , De Schamphelaere Karel A. C. , Van Sprang Patrick
Published: October 2023

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of metals typically starts from standardized toxicity tests, the data from which are then extrapolated to derive safe concentrations for the envisioned protection goals. Because such extrapolation in conventional ERA lacks ecological realism, ecological modeling is considered as a promising new approach for extrapolation. Many published population models are complex, that is, they include many processes and parameters, and thus require an extensive dataset to calibrate. In the present study, we investigated how individual-based models based on a reduced version of the Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEBkiss IBM) could be applied for metal effects on the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Data on survival over time and reproduction at different temperatures and food conditions were used to calibrate and evaluate the model for copper effects. While population growth and decline were well predicted, the underprediction of population density and the mismatch in the onset of copper effects were attributed to the simplicity of the approach. The DEBkiss IBM was applied to toxicity datasets for copper, nickel, and zinc. Predicted effect concentrations for these metals based on the maximum population growth rate were between 0.7 and 3 times higher in all but one case (10 times higher) than effect concentrations based on the toxicity data. The size of the difference depended on certain characteristics of the toxicity data: both the steepness of the concentration–effect curve and the relative sensitivity of lethal and sublethal effects played a role. Overall, the present study is an example of how a population model with reduced complexity can be useful for metal ERA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:324–337. © 2023 SETAC
Alternative locust control with a dilutable linseed oil emulsion
Authors: Hartbauer Manfred , Kostarakos Konstantinos
Published: October 2023

Locust swarm control is still a main topic in agriculture and is often based on the extensive use of chemical agents that can be problematic for the environment and human health. Currently, only a few alternative control agents are available on the market, such as neem oil, the fungus Metarhizium sp., and the microsporidian Paranosema locustae. In this study, we improved the formulation of a botanical insecticide that is based on linseed oil and was found to be effective against the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. To make sure that linseed oil is most effective, we first tested several natural plant oils in a comparative laboratory study. Linseed oil performed best and resulted in 100% mortality within only 2 days after a single spray treatment. However, this linseed oil formulation contains three expensive essential oils, thus we further improved it to avoid costly essential oils. A much lower concentration of linseed oil was also found to be highly effective and killed adult S. gregaria within 3 days in an experiment performed under semifield conditions. Furthermore, a concentrated stock solution of this botanical insecticide was developed to increase stability and reduce shipping costs in areas where water for dilution is available. Mechanical treatment, applied during the preparation of this linseed oil emulsion, resulted in the formation of micro‐colloids, which prevent the separation of phases and enable 1:16 dilution with water containing bicarbonate. Interestingly, only 24 h after single spray treatment, locusts became immobile and most of them were unable to jump, which would make them easy prey for natural enemies. Later, insects died due to the hardening of the linseed oil emulsion. This novel linseed oil emulsion is harmless for humans, rather easy to produce, and remains stable over weeks in its concentrated form, which suggests that it is promising alternative agent for locust control.
LncRNA HOTAIR regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway via the miR‐126‐3p/PIK3R2 axis to participate in synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Feifei , Wang Yuan , Huang Dan , Sun Yanqiu
Published: October 2023

Background

The abnormal expression of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) HOTAIR has been associated with synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study is to investigate whether LncRNA HOTAIR plays a role in synovial angiogenesis in RA by regulating the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway through the miR‐126‐3p/PIK3R2 axis.

Methods

In this study, we conducted in vitro experiments by designing overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNAs targeting LncRNA HOTAIR and then transfected them into rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS). We then co‐cultured the RA‐FLS with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to establish a RA‐FLS‐induced HUVEC model. We investigated the effects of LncRNA HOTAIR on the proliferation, migration, lumen forming ability of HUVEC, as well as the expression of synovial endothelial cell markers, angiogenic factors, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. To validate the interactions between LncRNA HOTAIR, miR‐126‐3p, and PIK3R2, we used bioinformatics and luciferase reporter experiments. We also employed real‐time fluorescence quantitative, Western blotanalysis, and immunofluorescence techniques to analyze the target genes and proteins.

Results

The expression of LncRNA HOTAIR was upregulated in HUVEC induced by RA‐FLS. The overexpression of LncRNA HOTAIR significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, CD34, and CD105 in HUVEC, promoting their proliferation, migration, and lumen formation. At the same time, the overexpression of LncRNA HOTAIR inhibited the expression of miR‐126‐3p, promoted the expression of PIK3R2, activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, and promoted the expression of PI3K, AKT and phosphorylated‐AKT, while the silence of LncRNA HOTAIR reversed these expressions. Bioinformatics and double luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed the targeting relationship among LncRNA HOTAIR, miR‐126‐3p, and PIK3R2. Finally, the rescue experiments showed that PI3K agonists could reverse the inhibitory effect of silent LncRNA HOTAIR on HUVEC.

Conclusion

LncRNA HOTAIR has the potential to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, likely through the regulatory axis involving miR‐126‐3p/PIK3R2, consequently contributing to synovial angiogenesis in RA.
Management of Herpesvirus Infections in the Healthy Host
Authors: Dudley Michael N.
Published: October 2023

Human herpesvirus infections continue to be a concern in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised hosts. They are often life threatening in the immunocompromised patient. In the healthy immunocompetent person the infections tend to be self‐limited, although they can directly or indirectly cause periods of severe discomfort and disability, and their treatment can affect productivity, as shown by cost‐outcome models. Treatment of primary or secondary episodes in the immunocompetent host is therefore directed toward more rapid resolution of initial and recurrent episodes, thereby limiting the impact of the infections.