bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychanalyse, psychiatrie et politique
Authors: Birman Joel , Hoffmann Christian
Published: September 2014

La rencontre entre la psychiatrie biologique, la psychologie cognitive et le libéralisme autour du sujet néolibéral, qui évacue le sujet de droit et le sujet de l’inconscient, oblige la psychanalyse à faire preuve d’innovation en réarticulant ses concepts à ce nouveau malaise social.
Ambigus psychotropes
Authors: Macary-Garipuy Pascale , Rossi-Neves Patricia
Published: September 2014

Si les psychotropes peuvent être un recours en cas d’extrême détresse, leur usage pléthorique dans un monde qui court après un illusoire et démocratique bonheur est une fausse solution au malaise dont est comptable chacun. Le médicament est une tentative d’effacement du manque et son abus amène une débilisation du sujet en jouant sur les neurotransmetteurs supports matériels de la pensée inconsciente. La mise en continuité du fonctionnement cérébral et du sujet est le support idéologique qui sous-tend ces pratiques médicamenteuses. Ceci va à l’encontre du sujet de l’inconscient, qui, lui, obéit à des lois langagières, hétérogènes au fonctionnement du vivant.
Y a-t-il une spécificité dans les cliniques de l'alcoolisme ?
Authors: Levaque Cédric
Published: September 2014

Au travers d’une vignette clinique, cet article propose d’entendre dans l’agir addictif de patients alcooliques un appel au transfert. L’une des visées du travail consistera en un déplacement de l’agir addictif vers la création d’un symptôme au sens analytique du terme par le chemin de la nomination. Nous indiquerons également ce que cela implique pour l’analyste concernant la direction de la cure et le maniement du transfert.
Revenus des facteurs et agglomération
Authors: Toulemonde Éric
Published: September 2014

Nous présentons un modèle simple d’économie géographique basé sur la circularité suivante : (1) les régions où vivent les travailleurs qualifiés gagnant des revenus élevés sont attractives pour les firmes qui y trouvent des débouchés importants ; (2) la présence de nombreuses firmes dans une région incite les travailleurs à acquérir les qualifications requises par ces firmes. Cette circularité peut pousser les firmes à s’agglomérer. Ce modèle s’étend facilement à plusieurs régions. Il permet aussi d’envisager une analyse plus poussée en matière de politique économique. La modélisation s’y prêtant facilement, nous rappelons enfin quelques résultats standards de l’économie géographique.
Nuevos dibujos y dos lienzos inéditos de Claudio Coello
Authors: Zapata Fernández de la Hoz Teresa , Gómez Aragüete Juan Carlos
Published: September 2014

Artista de amplísimos recursos, siempre apreciado y citado con elogios, Claudio Coello (1642-1693) es sin duda la gran figura de la pintura española de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. En este artículo se atribuyen al pintor un grupo de dibujos conservados en la Casa de la Moneda de Madrid y en los Uffizi, algunos preparatorios para obras seguras, a los que se añaden dos pinturas inéditas, entre ellas un espléndido retrato de un religioso.
Velázquez y las “corralizas” de la calle del Olivar
Authors: Piedra Adarves Álvaro
Published: September 2014

En las siguientes páginas se relata la historia de la compra y adquisición por Diego Velázquez de varios terrenos en la madrileña calle del Olivar.
Mast Cells Control the Expansion and Differentiation of IL-10–Competent B Cells
Authors: Mion Francesca , D’Incà Federica , Danelli Luca , Toffoletto Barbara , Guarnotta Carla , Frossi Barbara , Burocchi Alessia , Rigoni Alice , Gerdes Norbert , Lutgens Esther , Tripodo Claudio , Colombo Mario P. , Rivera Juan , Vitale Gaetano , Pucillo Carlo E.
Published: September 2014

The discovery of B cell subsets with regulatory properties, dependent on IL-10 production, has expanded our view on the mechanisms that control inflammation. Regulatory B cells acquire the ability to produce IL-10 in a stepwise process: first, they become IL-10 competent, a poised state in which B cells are sensitive to trigger signals but do not actually express the Il-10 gene; then, when exposed to appropriate stimuli, they start producing IL-10. Even if the existence of IL-10–competent B cells is now well established, it is not yet known how different immune cell types cross talk with B cells and affect IL-10–competent B cell differentiation and expansion. Mast cells (MCs) contribute to the differentiation and influence the effector functions of various immune cells, including B lymphocytes. In this study, we explored whether MCs could play a role in the expansion of IL-10–competent B cells and addressed the in vivo relevance of MC deficiency on the generation of these cells. We show that MCs can expand IL-10–competent B cells, but they do not directly induce IL-10 production; moreover, the absence of MCs negatively affects IL-10–competent B cell differentiation. Noteworthy, our findings reveal that the CD40L/CD40 axis plays a significant role in MC-driven expansion of IL-10–competent B cells in vitro and highlight the importance of MC CD40L signaling in the colon.
Inflammasome Activation by Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Bouwman Lieneke I. , de Zoete Marcel R. , Bleumink-Pluym Nancy M. C. , Flavell Richard A. , van Putten Jos P. M.
Published: September 2014

The Gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide. The mechanisms that lead to bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells and massive intestinal inflammation are still unknown. In this study, we report that C. jejuni infection of mouse macrophages induces upregulation of pro–IL-1β transcript and secretion of IL-1β without eliciting cell death. Immunoblotting indicated cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β in infected cells. In bone marrow–derived macrophages from different knockout mice, IL-1β secretion was found to require NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1/11 but not NLRC4. In contrast to NLRP3 activation by ATP, C. jejuni activation did not require priming of these macrophages. C. jejuni also activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages as indicated by the presence of ASC foci and caspase-1–positive cells. Analysis of a vast array of C. jejuni mutants with defects in capsule formation, LPS biosynthesis, chemotaxis, flagella synthesis and flagellin (-like) secretion, type 6 secretion system needle protein, or cytolethal distending toxin revealed a direct correlation between the number of intracellular bacteria and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The C. jejuni invasion–related activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome without cytotoxicity and even in nonprimed cells extends the known repertoire of bacterial inflammasome activation and likely contributes to C. jejuni–induced intestinal inflammation.
Variation and Genetic Control of Gene Expression in Primary Immunocytes across Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Mostafavi Sara , Ortiz-Lopez Adriana , Bogue Molly A. , Hattori Kimie , Pop Cristina , Koller Daphne , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe ,   The Immunological Genome Consortium, Blair David A. , Dustin Michael L. , Shinton Susan A. , Hardy Richard R. , Shay Tal , Regev Aviv , Cohen Nadia , Brennan Patrick , Brenner Michael , Kim Francis , Rao Tata Nageswara , Wagers Amy , Heng Tracy , Ericson Jeffrey , Rothamel Katherine , Ortiz-Lopez Adriana , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe , Kreslavsky Taras , Fletcher Anne , Elpek Kutlu , Bellemare-Pelletier Angelique , Malhotra Deepali , Turley Shannon , Miller Jennifer , Brown Brian , Merad Miriam , Gautier Emmanuel L. , Jakubzick Claudia , Randolph Gwendalyn J. , Monach Paul , Best Adam J. , Knell Jamie , Goldrath Ananda , Jojic Vladimir , Koller Daphne , Laidlaw David , Collins Jim , Gazit Roi , Rossi Derrick J. , Malhotra Nidhi , Sylvia Katelyn , Kang Joonsoo , Bezman Natalie A. , Sun Joseph C. , Min-Oo Gundula , Kim Charlie C. , Lanier Lewis L.
Published: September 2014

To determine the breadth and underpinning of changes in immunocyte gene expression due to genetic variation in mice, we performed, as part of the Immunological Genome Project, gene expression profiling for CD4+ T cells and neutrophils purified from 39 inbred strains of the Mouse Phenome Database. Considering both cell types, a large number of transcripts showed significant variation across the inbred strains, with 22% of the transcriptome varying by 2-fold or more. These included 119 loci with apparent complete loss of function, where the corresponding transcript was not expressed in some of the strains, representing a useful resource of “natural knockouts.” We identified 1222 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) that control some of this variation. Most (60%) cis-eQTLs were shared between T cells and neutrophils, but a significant portion uniquely impacted one of the cell types, suggesting cell type–specific regulatory mechanisms. Using a conditional regression algorithm, we predicted regulatory interactions between transcription factors and potential targets, and we demonstrated that these predictions overlap with regulatory interactions inferred from transcriptional changes during immunocyte differentiation. Finally, comparison of these and parallel data from CD4+ T cells of healthy humans demonstrated intriguing similarities in variability of a gene’s expression: the most variable genes tended to be the same in both species, and there was an overlap in genes subject to strong cis-acting genetic variants. We speculate that this “conservation of variation” reflects a differential constraint on intraspecies variation in expression levels of different genes, either through lower pressure for some genes, or by favoring variability for others.
Progression of Relapsing-Remitting Demyelinating Disease Does Not Require Increased TCR Affinity or Epitope Spread
Authors: Kersh Anna E. , Edwards Lindsay J. , Evavold Brian D.
Published: September 2014

In this study, we investigate the basis of T cell recognition of myelin that governs the progression from acute symptoms into disease remission, relapse, and chronic progression in a secondary progressive model of demyelinating disease. Until now, the frequency and affinity of myelin-reactive CD4 T cells that elicit relapsing-remitting disease have not been quantified. The micropipette adhesion frequency assay was used to obtain a sensitive and physiologically relevant two-dimensional measurement of frequency and TCR affinity for myelin, as the inherent low affinity does not allow the use of specific peptide:MHC-II tetramers for this purpose. We found the highest affinity and frequency of polyclonal myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–reactive cells infiltrate the CNS during acute disease, whereas affinities during remission, relapse, and chronic disease are not significantly different from each other. Frequency analysis revealed that the vast majority of CNS-infiltrating CD4 T cells are myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reactive at all time points, demonstrating epitope spread is not a predominant factor for disease progression. Furthermore, time points at which mice were symptomatic were characterized by an infiltration of Th17 cells in the CNS, whereas symptom remission showed an enrichment of cells producing IFN-γ. Also, the ratio of regulatory T cells to Foxp3− CD4 T cells was significantly higher in the CNS at remission than during acute disease. The results of this study indicate that a high frequency of T cells specific for a single myelin Ag, rather than increased TCR affinity or epitope spread, governs the transition from acute symptoms through remission, relapse, and chronic disease states.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies: From Fetoscopy to Coelocentesis
Authors: Damiani Gianfranca , Vinciguerra Margherita , Jakil Cristina , Cannata Monica , Cassarà Filippo , Picciotto Francesco , Schillaci Giovanna , Cigna Valentina , Renda Disma , Volpes Aldo , Sammartano Francesca , Milone Samuela , Allegra Adolfo , Passarello Cristina , Leto Filippo , Giambona Antonino
Published: September 2014

Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies involves the study of fetal material from blood, amniocytes, trophoblast coelomatic cells and fetal DNA in maternal circulation. Its first application dates back to the 70s and it involves globin chain synthesis analysis on fetal blood. In the 1980s molecular analysis was introduced as well as amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling under high-resolution ultrasound imaging. The application of direct sequencing and polymerase chain reactionbased methodologies improved the DNA analysis procedures and reduced the sampling age for invasive prenatal diagnosis from 18 to 16–11 weeks allowing fetal genotyping within the first trimester of pregnancy. In the last years, fetal material obtained at 7–8 weeks of gestation by coelocentesis and isolation of fetal cells has provided new platforms on which to develop diagnostic capabilities while non-invasive technologies using fetal DNA in maternal circulation are starting to develop.
Development and Recent Progresses of Gene Therapy for β-Thalassemia
Authors: Acuto Santina , Baiamonte Elena , Di Stefano Rosalia , Spina Barbara , Barone Rita , Maggio Aurelio
Published: September 2014

β-thalassemias are among the most common inherited monogenic disorders worldwide due to mutations in the β-globin gene that reduce or abolish the production of the β-globin chain resulting in transfusion-dependent chronic anemia. Currently, the only curative treatment is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation, but this option is limited by the a vailability of HLA-matched donor. Gene therapy, based on autologous transplantation of genetically corrected HSCs, holds the promise to treat patients lacking a compati ble bone marrow donor. I nit ial attempts of gene transfer have been unsuccessful due to limitations of available vectors to stably transfer a globin gene in HSCs and reach high and regulated expression in the erythroid progeny. With the advent of lentiviral vectors (LVs), based on human immunodeficiency virus, many of the initial limitations have been overcome. Since 2000 when Sadelain and co-workers first demonstrated successful globin gene transfer in murine thalassemia models with improvement of the phenotype using a recombinant β globin/LV, several other groups have developed different vectors encoding either β, γ or mutated globin genes and confirmed these results in both murine models and erythroid progeny derived from patient’s HSCs. In light of these encouraging results, research has recently moved into clinical trials that are ongoing or soon to begin. One participant in an ongoing gene transfer trial for β-thalassemia has achieved clinical benefit with elimination of his transfusi on re quirement. Here , dev elopmen t and recent progress of gene therapy for β-thalassemia is reviewed.
Plasma cell leukemia: A case series from South India with emphasis on rarer variants
Authors: Rajeswari G , Paul T Roshni , Uppin Megha S. , Uppin Shantveer G. , Rao D Raghunadha , Raju D D Sree Bhushan , Sadashindu G
Published: September 2014

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasia. They occur de novo (primary) or as a late manifestation of multiple myeloma (secondary). Patients present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, organomegaly and extramedullary manifestations. We are presenting this series as it is the second largest series from India (16) with 4 young cases (under 40 years of age), more number of female patients and two having ′hairy cell′ morphology. It is recommended that techniques like immunophenotyping and protein electrophoresis be performed, whenever the morphology is not characteristic of plasma cells.
The seroprevalence of Kaposi′s sarcoma associated herpes virus and human herpes virus-6 in pediatric patients with cancer and healthy children in a Turkish pediatric oncology center
Authors: Tacyildiz Nurdan , Dincaslan Handan Ugur , Ozdemir Halil , Yavuz Gulsan , Unal Emel , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Dogu Figen , Guloglu Deniz , Suskan Emine , Kose Kenan
Published: September 2014

Background: Many studies have tried to be establish a pathogenic role for human herpesvirus-6 and -8 (HHV-6, HHV-8) in malignant diseases, but whether these viruses plays a role in these pathologies remains unclear. HHV-6 and HHV-8 seropositivity were shown in a healthy population. There is no published data in Turkey about seroprevalence of these viruses. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HHV-6 and HHV-8 in pediatric cancer patients and to compare with healthy Turkish children′s viral seroprevalence. Patients and Methods: Ninety-three pediatric cancer patients and 43 age-matched healthy children were included in the study. All sera were screened for antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-8 by ELISA. Results: HHV-8 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was positive in 3.3% of lymphoma patients, in 4.8% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, in 4.8% of retinoblastoma patients and in 7% of healthy children. There was no significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevelance between these groups. HHV-6 seroprevalence was 81% in ALL patients, 70% in lymphoma group, 81% in retinoblastoma patients and 69.8% in healthy children. Although there was no significant difference in HHV-6 prevalence between healthy children and pediatric cancer patients, HHV-6 seropositivity tended to be higher in retinoblastoma patients under age of 4 years (odds ratio: 2.925). Conclusion: HHV-6 seroprevalence was higher than HHV-8 seropositivity in our study. Viral studies related HHV-6 seroprevelance in retinoblastoma patients would be useful to clarify if there is any etiological association between HHV-6 and retinoblastoma.
Increasing Access to Treatment for Chagas Disease: The Case of Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Ramsey Janine M. , Salgado Marco Ocampo , Wirtz Veronika J. , Reich Michael R.
Published: September 2014

Chagas disease is a neglected vector-borne disease with an estimated prevalence of 1.1 million cases in Mexico. Recent research showed that access to treatment of Chagas disease is limited in Mexico, with < 0.5% of infected cases treated. This brief report used quantitative data from the Morelos Program on Chagas disease and qualitative analysis of key informant interviews to examine strategies to increase treatment access for infected patients in Morelos, Mexico. From 2007 to 2011, 263 (9.2%) of the registered cases of Chagas disease in Mexico occurred in Morelos. Among these, 152 (57.8%) were treated and 97.3% of those treated received benznidazole. The assessment finds that state officials decided to directly purchase benznidazole from the distributor to increase access and improve clinical quality of treatment of patients in their state. They also faced significant barriers, especially in regulation and health system organization, which limited efforts to make high quality treatment available.
Molecular Evidence of Anaplasma platys Infection in Two Women from Venezuela
Authors: Arraga-Alvarado Cruz M. , Qurollo Barbara A. , Parra Omaira C. , Berrueta Maribel A. , Hegarty Barbara C. , Breitschwerdt Edward B.
Published: September 2014

This article presents two case reports of Anaplasma platys detection in two women from Venezuela. Both patients were exposed to Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the presumed tick vector, and experienced chronic, nonspecific clinical signs including headaches and muscle pains. Intra-platelet inclusion bodies resembling A. platys were observed in buffy coat smears and A. platys DNA was amplified and sequenced from whole blood; however, treatment with doxycycline did not alleviate their symptoms. These cases provide further support for A. platys as a zoonotic tick-borne pathogen, most likely of low pathogenicity; nonetheless, the cause of illness in humans by A. platys is yet to be confirmed.
An intervention for enhancing public health crisis response willingness among local health department workers: A qualitative programmatic analysis
Authors: Harrison, PhD Krista L. , Errett, MSPH Nicole A. , Rutkow, JD, PhD, MPH Lainie , Thompson, MS, MBA Carol B. , Anderson, MHE Marilyn K. , Ferrell, MS Justin L. , Freiheit, MA, MCHES Jennifer M. , Hudson, MSN Robert , Koch, PHN, RN Michelle M. , McKee, MSW, LCSW Mary , Mejia-Echeverry, MD, MPH, ARNP Alvaro , Spitzer, MBA, MS, CEM James B. , Storey, PhD Doug , Barnett, MD, MPH Daniel J.
Published: September 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of a novel multimethod curricular intervention using a trainthe-trainer model: the Public Health Infrastructure Training (PHIT). PHIT was designed to 1) modify perceptions of self-efficacy, response efficacy, and threat related to specific hazards and 2) improve the willingness of local health department (LHD) workers to report to duty when called upon.Methods: Between June 2009 and October 2010, eight clusters of US LHDs (n = 49) received PHIT. Two rounds of focus groups at each intervention site were used to evaluate PHIT. The first round of focus groups included separate sessions for trainers and trainees, 3 weeks after PHIT. The second round of focus groups combined trainers and trainees in a single group at each site 6 months following PHIT. During the second focus group round, participants were asked to self-assess their preparedness before and after PHIT implementation.Setting: Focus groups were conducted at eight geographically representative clusters of LHDs. Participants: Focus group participants included PHIT trainers and PHIT trainees within each LHD cluster.Main outcome measure(s): Focus groups were used to assess attitudes toward the curricular intervention and modifications of willingness to respond (WTR) to an emergency; self-efficacy; and response efficacy. Results: Participants reported that despite challenges in administering the training, PHIT was well designed and appropriate for multiple management levels and disciplines. Positive mean changes were observed for all nine self-rated preparedness factors (p 0.001). The findings show PHIT's benefit in improving self-efficacy and WTR among participants.Conclusions: The PHIT has the potential to enhance emergency response willingness and related self-efficacy among LHD workers.
Academic-community partnerships for sustainable preparedness and response systems
Authors: Isakov, MD, MPH Alexander , O'Neal, MD Patrick , Prescott, MD John , Stanley, PhD, RN, CRNP Joan , Herrmann, MSEd, NCC, LMHC Jack , Dunlop, MD, MPH Anne
Published: September 2014

Academic institutions possess tremendous resources that could be important for community disaster response and preparedness activities. In-depth exploration of the role of academic institutions in community disaster response has elicited information about particular academic resources leveraged for and essential to community preparedness and response; factors that contribute to the decision-making process for partner engagement; and facilitators of and barriers to sustainable collaborations from the perspectives of academic institutions, public health and emergency management agencies, and national association and agency leaders. The Academic-Community Partnership Project of the Emory University Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Center in collaboration with the Association of Schools of Public Health convened an invitational summit which included leadership from the National Association of County and City Health Officials, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Directors of Public Health Preparedness, Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Association of Schools of Public Health, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of Academic Health Centers, American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and American Association of Poison Control Centers. From this convention, emerged recommendations for building and sustaining academic-public health-community collaborations for preparedness locally and regionally.
A review of the literature on the validity of mass casualty triage systems with a focus on chemical exposures
Authors: Culley, PhD, MPH, RN, CWOCN Joan M. , Svendsen, PhD, MS Erik
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) include natural (eg, earthquake) or human (eg, terrorism or technical) events. They produce an imbalance between medical needs and resources necessitating the use of triage strategies. Triage of casualties must be performed accurately and efficiently if providers are to do the greatest good for the greatest number. There is limited research on the validation of triage system efficacy in determining the priority of care for victims of MCI, particularly those involving chemicals.Objective: To review the literature on the validation of current triage systems to assign onsite treatment status codes to victims of mass casualties, particularly those involving chemicals, using actual patient outcomes.Methods: The focus of this article is a systematic review of the literature to describe the influences of MCIs, particularly those involving chemicals, on current triage systems related to the onsite assignment of treatment status codes to a victim and the validation of the assigned code using actual patient outcomes.Results: There is extensive literature published on triage systems used for MCI but only four articles used actual outcome data to validate mass casualty triage outcomes including three for chemical events. Currently, the amount and type of data collected are not consistent or standardized and definitions are not universal.Conclusions: Current literature does not provide needed evidence on the validity of triage systems for MCI in particular those involving chemicals. Well-designed studies are needed to validate the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of triage systems used for MCI including those involving chemicals.
Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS)
Authors: Matsui H. , Koike M. , Kondo Y. , Fast J. D. , Takigawa M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Number concentrations, size distributions, and mixing states of aerosols are essential parameters for accurate estimations of aerosol direct and indirect effects. In this study, we develop an aerosol module, designated the Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS), that can explicitly represent these parameters by considering new particle formation (NPF), black carbon (BC) aging, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) processes. A two-dimensional bin representation is used for particles with dry diameters from 40 nm to 10 μm to resolve both aerosol sizes (12 bins) and BC mixing states (10 bins) for a total of 120 bins. The particles with diameters between 1 and 40 nm are resolved using additional eight size bins to calculate NPF. The ATRAS module is implemented in the WRF-Chem model and applied to examine the sensitivity of simulated mass, number, size distributions, and optical and radiative parameters of aerosols to NPF, BC aging, and SOA processes over East Asia during the spring of 2009. The BC absorption enhancement by coating materials is about 50% over East Asia during the spring, and the contribution of SOA processes to the absorption enhancement is estimated to be 10–20% over northern East Asia and 20–35% over southern East Asia. A clear north–south contrast is also found between the impacts of NPF and SOA processes on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations: NPF increases CCN concentrations at higher supersaturations (smaller particles) over northern East Asia, whereas SOA increases CCN concentrations at lower supersaturations (larger particles) over southern East Asia. The application of ATRAS in East Asia also shows that the impact of each process on each optical and radiative parameter depends strongly on the process and the parameter in question. The module can be used in the future as a benchmark model to evaluate the accuracy of simpler aerosol models and examine interactions between NPF, BC aging, and SOA processes under different meteorological conditions and emissions.
Worldwide biogenic soil NOx emissions inferred from OMI NO2 observations
Authors: Vinken G. C. M. , Boersma K. F. , Maasakkers J. D. , Adon M. , Martin R. V.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Biogenic NOx emissions from soils are a large natural source with substantial uncertainties in global bottom-up estimates (ranging from 4 to 15 Tg N yr−1). We reduce this range in emission estimates, and present a top-down soil NOx emission inventory for 2005 based on retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We use a state-of-science soil NOx emission inventory (Hudman et al., 2012) as a priori in the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model to identify 11 regions where tropospheric NO2 columns are dominated by soil NOx emissions. Strong correlations between soil NOx emissions and simulated NO2 columns indicate that spatial patterns in simulated NO2 columns in these regions indeed reflect the underlying soil NOx emissions. Subsequently, we use a mass-balance approach to constrain emissions for these 11 regions on all major continents using OMI observed and GEOS-Chem simulated tropospheric NO2 columns. We find that responses of simulated NO2 columns to changing NOx emissions are suppressed over low NOx regions, and account for these non-linearities in our inversion approach. In general, our approach suggests that emissions need to be increased in most regions. Our OMI top-down soil NOx inventory amounts to 10.0 Tg N for 2005 when only constraining the 11 regions, and 12.9 Tg N when extrapolating the constraints globally. Substantial regional differences exist (ranging from −40% to +90%), and globally our top-down inventory is 4–35% higher than the GEOS-Chem a priori (9.6 Tg N yr−1). We evaluate NO2 concentrations simulated with our new OMI top-down inventory against surface NO2 measurements from monitoring stations in Africa, the USA and Europe. Although this comparison is complicated by several factors, we find an encouraging improved agreement when using the OMI top-down inventory compared to using the a priori inventory. To our knowledge, this study provides, for the first time, specific constraints on soil NOx emissions on all major continents using OMI NO2 columns. Our results rule out the low end of reported soil NOx emission estimates, and suggest that global emissions are most likely around 12.9 ± 3.9 Tg N yr−1.
Measurement of fracture toughness of an ice core from Antarctica
Authors: Christmann J. , Müller R. , Webber K. G. , Isaia D. , Schader F. H. , Kipfstuhl S. , Freitag J. , Humbert A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The critical fracture toughness is a material parameter describing the resistance of a cracked body to further crack extension. It is an important parameter to simulate and predict the break-up behaviour of ice shelves from calving of single icebergs to the disintegration of entire ice shelves over a wide range of length scales. The fracture toughness values are calculated with equations that are derived from an elastic stress analysis. Additionally, an X-ray computer tomography (CT scanner) was used to identify the density as a function of depth. The critical fracture toughness of 91 Antarctic inland ice samples with densities between 840 to 870 kg m−3 has been determined by applying a four-point-bending technique on single edge v-notched beam samples. The examined ice core was drilled 70 m north of Kohnen Station, Dronnning Maud Land (75°00' S, 00°04' E, 2882 m). Supplementary data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.835321.
FLEXINVERT: an atmospheric Bayesian inversion framework for determining surface fluxes of trace species using an optimized grid
Authors: Thompson R. L. , Stohl A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We present a new modular Bayesian inversion framework, called FLEXINVERT, for estimating the surface fluxes of atmospheric trace species. FLEXINVERT can be applied to determine the spatio-temporal flux distribution of any species for which the atmospheric loss (if any) can be described as a linear process and can be used on continental to regional and even local scales with little or no modification. The relationship between changes in atmospheric mixing ratios and fluxes (the so-called source–receptor relationship) is described by a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) run in a backwards-in-time mode. In this study, we use FLEXPART but any LPDM could be used. The framework determines the fluxes on a nested grid of variable resolution, which is optimized based on the source–receptor relationships for the given observation network. Background mixing ratios are determined by coupling FLEXPART to the output of a global Eulerian model (or alternatively, from the observations themselves) and are also optionally optimized in the inversion. Spatial and temporal error correlations in the fluxes are taken into account using a simple model of exponential decay with space and time and, additionally, the aggregation error from the variable grid is accounted for. To demonstrate the use of FLEXINVERT, we present one case study in which methane fluxes are estimated in Europe in 2011 and compare the results to those of an independent inversion ensemble.
Using high-resolution phosphorus data to investigate mitigation measures in headwater river catchments
Authors: Campbell J. M. , Jordan P. , Arnscheidt J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This study reports the use of high resolution water quality monitoring to assess the influence of changes in landuse management on total phosphorus (TP) transfers in two 5 km2 agricultural sub-catchments. Specifically, the work investigates the "wicked problem" of agricultural soil P management and subsequent diffuse transfers at high river flows over a five year timescale. The work also investigates the phenomenon of low flow P pollution from septic tank systems (STS) and mitigation efforts – here termed the "filthy issue" of rural catchment management. Results showed an inconsistent response to soil P management over five years with one catchment showing a convergence to optimum P concentrations and the other an overall increase. Both catchments indicated an overall increase in P concentration in defined high flow ranges. Low flow P concentration showed little change or higher P concentrations in defined low flow ranges despite replacement of defective systems and this is possibly due to a number of confounding reasons including increased housing densities due to new-builds. The work indicates fractured responses to catchment management advice and mitigation and that the short to medium term may be an insufficient time to expect the full implementation of policies (here defined as convergence to optimum soil P concentration and mitigation of STS) and also to gauge their effectiveness.
Mediterranean depression characteristics related to precipitation occurrence in Crete, Greece
Authors: Iordanidou V. , Koutroulis A. G. , Tsanis I. K.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The characteristics of the cyclone tracks and circulation patterns that caused precipitation events of variable intensity for the period 1979–2011 over the island of Crete are presented. The dataset usedfor cyclone identification, is the 0.5 x 0.5, 30 years European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim mean sea-level pressure. Their characteristics are extracted with the aid of Melbourne University algorithm (MS scheme). Daily precipitation data from a dense gauging network over the island of Crete is also used for the classification of the precipitation events in terms of intensity. Daily precipitation intensity is classified in three severity categories, and the associated cyclones are filtered according to their distance from Crete Island. The atmospheric systems are further investigated both seasonally and annually for their position relative to Crete and morphological characteristics such as intensity and radius. Generally, it was found that cyclones affecting Crete most frequently approach from northwest and southwest directions and the actual cyclone centers associated with precipitation events are usually located in northwest and southeast positions relative to Crete domain. Precipitation increase is observed in parallel with cyclone pressure decrease as well as cyclone intensity, depth, radius and propagation velocity increase. Specific seasonal characteristics such as lower pressures and cyclone radius can be detected in spring in contrast to winter and autumn precipitation events. The examination of the relation between cyclone characteristics and precipitation occurrence provides improved understanding of the complex hydro-meteorological conditions and therefore valuable hydrologic information related to forecasting potential and management of the resources and the extremes.
La capacitación mediática e informativa como contenido de la educación para la paz
Authors: García Vallinas Eulogio
Published: September 2014

En esta aportación sugerimos vínculos y convergencias entre los conocimientos, propósitos, principios, procedimientos y valores que se plantean en la alfabetización mediática e informativa con la educación para la paz, en el contexto de la educación para la ciudadanía plural y democrática y el desarrollo de la cultura de paz.
Comparison of 2 Different Barrier Solutions (icodextrin 4% vs. dextran 70) used as Adhesion-prevention Agents after Microsurgical Adnexal Operations
Authors: Deus Christiane , Kropf Siegfried , Kleinstein Jürgen
Published: September 2014

In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 2 different barrier solutions (icodextrin 4% vs. dextran 70) were compared with regard to their antiadhesive properties, their tolerance and their persistence in situ. To this end, 45 patients suffering from infertility due to adnexal adhesions with indication for microsurgical adhesiolysis were randomized to 2 treatment groups. In advance of abdominal closure, patients were randomized to receive either 1,000 mL of icodextrin 4% solution (n = 23) or 300 mL dextran 70 instillation (n = 22). Serial transvaginal ultrasonographic scans were conducted on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after surgery to measure the remaining volumes of each barrier solution. Seven days after initial surgery, a second-look laparoscopy was performed; remaining fluids were aspirated and measured and adhesions were rescored (final adhesion score). Differences between treatment groups were not significant (p = 0.775). With regard to their tolerance, the advantages of the icodextrin 4% solution became obvious, as edema of vulva and abdomen occurred more frequently after dextran 70 instillation.

In conclusion, microsurgical adhesiolysis and application of icodextrin 4% solution or dextran 70 as adhesion-prevention agent resulted in reduction of incidence, extent and severity of adhesions. Both solutions were well tolerated.
Research Note: Exploring Preferences for Liquor Souvenirs at a Tourist Destination
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Hsien , Chen Chien-Min
Published: September 2014

The objectives of this study are to investigate tourist preferences for liquor souvenirs at a destination by identifying key influencing factors, and to assess the impact of demographic features on preferences. Three hundred and ten stated-preference samples were collected to show preferences by multinomial logit models. The data are divided into several subgroups to verify heterogeneity among tourists in relation to the purchase of liquor souvenirs. The results show that differences do exist among demographic groups purchasing liquor souvenirs at a tourist destination. Age, appearance, capacity and price have distinct impacts on different groups of tourists.
Determination of Total Chromium at Ultratrace Levels in Water and Soil Samples by Coprecipitation Microsample Injection System Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Baig Jameel Ahmed , Elci Latif , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Kazi Tasneem Gul
Published: September 2014

A simple, robust, and novel analytical procedure was developed for determination of total chromium (Cr) by carrier element coprecipitation (CECP) coupled microsample injection system with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. For this method, Cr(III) was oxidized by Ce(SO4)2 in acidic media, and the resulting solution formed coprecipitates with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in the presence of Ce(III). The effective parameters of the developed method have been optimized and studied in detail. The LOD and enrichment factor of CECP were 2.13 μg/L and 100 ± 2.8, respectively, with 40 mL initial volumes. The RSD values (n = 6) were <5%. The applicability and accuracy of CECP were estimated by the analysis of total Cr in industrial effluent wastewater by the standard addition method (recoveries > 96%). The accuracy of total Cr by CECP after microwave acid digestion was checked by using a certified reference material (GBW 07309 Stream Sediment). The difference between the found and certified values was not significant (P > 0.05). The proposed method was successfully applied to natural drinking water, industrial effluent wastewater, and the exchangeable fraction of garden soil from Denizli, Turkey.
Use of Dipyridile Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead Ions in Food Samples
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Aboufazeli Forouzan , Lotfi Zadeh Zhad Hamid Reza , Sadeghi Omid , Najafi Ezzatollah
Published: September 2014

Novel dipyridile-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, elemental analysis, high-angle X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. A novel nano-sorbent was used for rapid extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of lead(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Various adsorption and desorption parameters were optimized during this study. The optimum conditions were pH 6.0; time of adsorption and desorption at 2 and 5 min, respectively; and a maximum capacity value of 192.6 ± 0.7 mg/g (0.93 mmol/g). The RSD and LOD of the method were 1.43% and 0.7 ng/mL, respectively. The LOQ was 2.4 ng/mL. Standard reference materials of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1572 and NIST 1571 were used to verify the accuracy of this method. The sorbent allowed for the successful extraction and determination of low levels of Pb(II) ions in various samples of rice, baking powder, wheat, and other foodstuffs.
Determination of Sulfonamides in Pork, Egg, and Chicken Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent Followed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Haixiang , Ding Mingyu , Gao Yunbao , Deng Wei
Published: September 2014

Twelve sulfonamide residues, namely, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfamethizole were determined in pork tissue, chicken, and eggs by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS after SPE cleanup using multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which permitted extracted samples from animal tissue and eggs to be cleaned up under either normal phase (NP) or reversed phase (RP) conditions or both. In this method, the NP cleanup provided recoveries for nine of the 12 sulfonamides ranging from 71 to 90% and <60% for the remaining three with RSDs lower than 10%. For the RP cleanup method, the recoveries for nine of the 12 sulfonamides ranged from 70 to 94% and <60% for the remaining three with RSDs <11.1%. The two cleanup methods can complement each other to complete the simultaneous analysis of the 12 sulfonamides.
Qualitative and Quantitative PCR-Based Detection Methods for Authorized Genetically Modified Cotton Events in India
Authors: Chhabra Rashmi , Randhawa Gurinder Jit , Bhoge Rajesh K , Singh Monika
Published: September 2014

Qualitative diagnostics for all five commercialized genetically modified (GM) cotton events for insect resistance in India is being reported for the first time in this paper. The cost-effective and robust multiplex PCR (MPCR)-based detection assay, distinguishing the insect resistant transgenic Bt cotton events, viz., MON531, MON15985, Event 1, GFM-cry1A, and MLS-9124, has been developed. This decaplex PCR assay targets nine transgenic elements, viz., sequences of four transgenes, three transgene constructs, and two event-specific sequences along with one endogenous reference gene. The LOD of the qualitative MPCR assay was up to 0.1%. A quantitative detection method for four widely commercially cultivated GM cotton events, namely, MON531, MON15985, Event 1, and GFM-cry1A, covering 99.5% of the total area under GM cultivation in the country, is also reported. A construct-specific real-time PCR assay has been developed for quantification of these GM cotton events with LOQ <0.05% and LOD <0.025%. The developed assays will be of great use to screen for the presence/absence of authorized GM cotton events in unknown samples and to check the authenticity of GM cotton seed samples.
Matrix Extension Study: Validation of the ANSR®Salmonella Method for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Pasteurized Egg Products
Authors: Foti Debra , Zhang Lei , Biswas Preetha , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer
Published: September 2014

A matrix extension study was conducted to validate the ANSR®Salmonella method for use with pasteurized egg products. Four diverse egg product types were tested by the ANSR method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedure. There were no significant differences in the number of positive test portions by the two methods for any of the products examined. Independent laboratory testing of pasteurized liquid egg also found no significant difference in performance between the ANSR and reference culture procedures. There were no false-positive results obtained in either internal or independent laboratory testing. Inclusivity testing using a new enrichment medium specifically designed for use with pasteurized egg products produced 112 positive results out of 113 Salmonella spp. strains tested, with only a single strain of S. Weslaco testing negative by the ANSR assay. Exclusivity testing of 38 non-salmonellae produced all negative ANSR results. It is concluded that ANSR Salmonella is a reliable, sensitive, and specific method for detection of Salmonella spp. in pasteurized egg products.