bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Happy Happy , E-Mahabub S M Ear - , Mollah Nazir Uddin , Hossain Md. Emran , Khatun Dr. Halima , Rahman Md. Magfur
Published: May 2022

Background: Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is generally detected on screening mammography which shows medial calcification of the mammary arteries. On the other hand, CAD is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. BAC is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease specially in patients who underwent screening mammography. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University. Dhaka. Bangladesh during the period of January 2018- December 2022. The sample size for this study was 70. Result: The mean ±SD age of the respondents who underwent mammography was 58± 8 years where who had breast arterial calcification it was 62±7 years. Total cholesterol was 5.1±1.9 and 5.2±2.0, ASSIGN score was in 15±10.8 and 18.1±11.0, coronary artery calcium score was in 0(0,52) and 13 (0, 107), any coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 35(50%) and 7(58.3%), obstructive coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 10(14.3%) and 2(16.7%) cases. Coronary artery calcification 5 was found in TP, 14 was in TN, 3 was in FP, 14 was in FN, 2 was in sensitivity, 7 was in specificity, 6 was in PPV, 5 was in NPV and .545 was in AUC and followed by coronary artery calcification (>400 AU) was in 1, 27, 8, 1, 3, 6, 1, 9 and 0.554, any coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 5, 14, 3, 14, 2, 7, 6, 5 and 0.546, obstructive coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 2, 25, 7, 4, 3, 7, 2, 8 and 0.556. Conclusion: BAC on mammography is a potential woman-specific risk predictor for CAD and is also related to the growth of coronary atherosclerosis proven by CCTA having important clinical implications. BAC is also strongly associated with the development of CAC and CAP.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС И ЗЕЛЕНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
Authors: Загибова Макка Аслановна , Куразова Диана Алдамовна
Published: May 2022

В данной статье обсуждаются предложения «зеленой экономики», которые направлены на решение экологического кризиса. Также рассматриваются различные аспекты их критики. Дается общая характеристика экологической ситуации в мире, а также рассматривается ситуация, которая связана антропогенным изменением климата. В исследовании нами приводятся основные решения, которые сложились у исследователей в данной области, направленные на решение проблем экологического кризиса. Отмечается, что поглотители вредных веществ достигли своего предела, и в скором времени они могут оказаться бессильными в борьбе с выбросами в атмосферу и вредными отбросами, которые вместе со сточными водами попадают в почву. Отмечаются также основные проблемы, которые возникают на пути решения экологических проблем, в частности, это проблемы, связанные с применением инструментария рыночной экономики и политики. В качестве основных подходов рассматривается неоклассический подход, и приводится критика западной модели развития. В заключении мы приходим к выводу, что если такие тенденции разрушения окружающей среды и эксплуатации ресурсов сохранятся в ближайшее время, то средства к существованию всего человечества могут оказаться под угрозой исчезновения. В связи с этим, важно не только исследование вопроса о том, как частные и государственные инвестиции могут быть направлены на развитие и распространение «зеленых» технологий, но и о том, как может функционировать при этом весь экономический сектор.
Penggunaan Metode Waterfall untuk Rancangan Bangun Aplikasi Penyewaan Lapangan Olahraga
Authors: Hidayat Rachmat , Satriansyah Arief , Nurhayati M. Sinta
Published: May 2022

Buaran sports field, is a multifunctional sports venue for volleyball, futsal, badminton and basketball fields, currently the field is always used every day there is never a vacancy. The sports field rental business is one of the business fields that is quite developed, knowing this the management must have new breakthroughs so that customers do not move to other places. Managers are faced with the challenge of how they can improve services and provide the information needed to customers. The purpose of this research is to find out how to improve services to users related to field rental information, namely by designing a web-based field rental information system with the Waterfall method where data collection will be carried out. observation and interviews as analytical tools. From the results of the study it was concluded that an integrated information system with customers can be accessed 24 hours and is also expected to assist officers in managing financial transactions and can reduce errors in the data collection process, and there will be no more misinformation and reporting will be easier because the data is already stored. in database
El perfil del ministro de catequesis
Authors: Bru Alonso Manuel María
Published: May 2022

La reciente publicación del Motu Proprio Antiquum Ministerium del Papa Francisco por el que se instituye el ministerio laical de Catequista reabre el debate sobre la necesaria formación de los catequistas. En el propio documento, en su número 8 se abordan las “condiciones indispensables” para el acceso al ministerio, así como la formación específica. En línea con los últimos Directorios Generales para la Catequesis, el autor profundiza en el perfil del candidato al nuevo ministerio.
Aproximación a las competencias del catequista
Authors: Núñez Fontiveros Javier
Published: May 2022

Este artículo considera algunas de las competencias o dimensiones necesarias para el catequista hoy en día. Tiene especialmente en cuenta la Carta apostólica en forma de “motu proprio” Antiquum ministerium con la que el Papa Francisco instituye el ministerio de catequista y también se apoya en el Directorio para la catequesis. Ambos documentos muestran diversos criterios que facilitan lo que podemos llamar dimensiones o competencias del catequista. Analiza las aportaciones de estos documentos, para plantear finalmente algunas propuestas más concretas como aproximación a las competencias del catequista en la actualidad.
MODELISATION AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SALT GRADIENT SOLAR POND: THE ALTERNATING DIRECTION IMPLICIT METHOD
Authors: Ammar A. , Sissaoui H. , Kermiche M. , Oussama B.
Published: May 2022

Solar energy as free and abundant energy is considered among the renewable energy that can replace disappearing fossil fuels. Many solar power systems can be used to capture this energy, but the majority does not have the ability to store this energy in different weather and time conditions. Therefore, salinity gradient solar ponds used in the present work can overcome this issue by simultaneously capturing and storing solar energy. A solar pond is being built at Annaba. In this present work we consider two identical solar ponds subjected to the same solar radiations during a period of 28 days, and exposed to the same climatic conditions, initial and at the limits. in the first pond, nanoparticles of conductive metal, namely copper, are injected with a concentration of $0.09\%$, while the second pond does not contain any nanoparticles. a comparative study was carried out on the temperature profile in the two solar ponds mentioned above to see the influence of nanoparticles on the thermal performance of the solar pond. The mathematical model adopted in this work is based on the equation of heat conduction in two dimensions with an external source of energy to the system. The method of finite differences with ADI scheme was used to determine the temperature distribution in two different directions according to the horizontal axis ox and to the vertical axis OZ representing the depth. An average temperature and insolation values for the last ten years were obtained using the data provided by Annaba saline station. Finally, a comprehensive study was carried out in order to highlight the convergence, consistency and stability properties of the discrete model representing the solar pond.
PELATIHAN SENAM KAKI PADA LANSIA DI PANTI PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA (PPSLU) CEPIRING
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Fahmi Faradisa Yuanita
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) or commonly known as diabetes is one of the ten biggest diseases in the world, especially in Indonesia, is the silent killer because it is a disease that can affect all organs of the body and complications or causes the most other diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. The most common complication is diabetic foot. Prevention that can be done is by examination, treatment and foot exercises. The purpose of the service is to increase the knowledge and awareness of the elderly about foot exercises. The form of activity carried out was counseling and demonstration of Diabetes Mellitus foot exercise for the elderly at the Cepiring Elderly Social Service (PPSLU) Cepiring. The counseling activities that were carried out went well, the elderly seemed enthusiastic in participating in the counseling activities. This is evidenced by the activities of walking in an orderly and orderly manner, the elderly are enthusiastic when listening to counseling and demonstrations of foot exercises and ending with a photo with the service team
Grain Alignment in the Circumstellar Shell of IRC+10° 216
Authors: Andersson B-G , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Medan Ilija , Soam Archana , Hoang Thiem , Vaillancourt John E. , Lazarian Alex , Sandin Christer , Mattsson Lars , Tahani Mehrnoosh
Published: May 2022

Dust-induced polarization in the interstellar medium (ISM) is due to asymmetric grains aligned with an external reference direction, usually the magnetic field. For both the leading alignment theories, the alignment of the grain’s angular momentum with one of its principal axes and the coupling with the magnetic field requires the grain to be paramagnetic. Of the two main components of interstellar dust, silicates are paramagnetic, while carbon dust is diamagnetic. Hence, carbon grains are not expected to align in the ISM. To probe the physics of carbon grain alignment, we have acquired Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy/Higch-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-plus far-infrared photometry and polarimetry of the carbon-rich circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the asymptotic giant branch star IRC+10° 216. The dust in such CSEs are fully carbonaceous and thus provide unique laboratories for probing carbon grain alignment. We find a centrosymmetric, radial, polarization pattern, where the polarization fraction is well correlated with the dust temperature. Together with estimates of a low fractional polarization from optical polarization of background stars, we interpret these results to be due to a second-order, direct radiative external alignment of grains without internal alignment. Our results indicate that (pure) carbon dust does not contribute significantly to the observed ISM polarization, consistent with the nondetection of polarization in the 3.4 μm feature due to aliphatic CH bonds on the grain surface.
The Imprint of Superradiance on Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Payne Ethan , Sun Ling , Kremer Kyle , Lasky Paul D. , Thrane Eric
Published: May 2022

Ultralight bosons are a proposed solution to outstanding problems in cosmology and particle physics: they provide a dark-matter candidate while potentially explaining the strong charge-parity problem. If they exist, ultralight bosons can interact with black holes through the superradiant instability. In this work we explore the consequences of this instability on the evolution of hierarchical black holes within dense stellar clusters. By reducing the spin of individual black holes, superradiance reduces the recoil velocity of merging binary black holes, which, in turn, increases the retention fraction of hierarchical merger remnants. We show that the existence of ultralight bosons with mass 2 × 10−14 ≲ μ/eV ≲ 2 × 10−13 would lead to an increased rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters. An ultralight boson in this energy range would result in up to ≈60% more present-day nuclear star clusters supporting hierarchical growth. The presence of an ultralight boson can also double the rate of intermediate-mass black hole mergers to ≈0.08 Gpc−3 yr−1 in the local universe. These results imply that a select range of ultralight boson masses can have far-reaching consequences for the population of black holes in dense stellar environments. Future studies into black hole cluster populations and the spin distribution of hierarchically formed black holes will test this scenario.
Brief Introduction to Single Crystal Growth Techniques
Authors: KHIM Seunghyun
Published: May 2022

This article aims to introduce several synthesis methods to grow single-crystalline samples, which are widely used in experimental condensed matter physics studies. In order to understand the crystal growth in high-temperature melts, the concept of congruent/incongruent melting is explained based on a binary phase diagram. Then principles and practices of the Czochralski, flux-growth, and floating-zone growth methods are described. In addition, the chemical vapor transport method is briefly mentioned.
History of Single-crystal Growth in Korea
Authors: JEEN Hyoungjeen
Published: May 2022

Single crystal growth is an indispensible step for condensed matter physics research and modern industry. In this article, I reviewed the history of single-crystal growth in Korea from the publications from the Korean Physical Society. We focused on the early stage of the history to understand how the researchers settled down, overcome their hurdles, and enhanced the quality of their single crystals.
Recent Research Activities of Single-crystal Growth Groups in Korea
Authors: KIM Kee Hoon , KIM Sung Wng , KIM Jun Sung , PARK Keeseong , OH Yoon Seok , OK Jong Mok , LEE Ki Moon , LEE Jong Su , JUNG Myung Hwa , JEONG Se-Young , CHOI Kwang Yong , CHOI Young Jai
Published: May 2022

Single crystal growth research is the first step of experimental studies in condensed matter physics. Various new phenomena have been discovered in high-quality single crystalline materials, which was otherwise hidden in their polycrystalline form. In this article, we review recent research activities of single crystal growth groups in Korea. These activities cover a wide range of materials from epitaxial crystal of single-element metal to naturally-heterostructured crystals, which exhibit facinating properties and functionalites including strong oxidation resistance, superconductivity, multiferroics, quantum magnetism, and topological properties.
Del Instituto Central de Análisis Clínicos, Bacteriológicos y Químicos de Barcelona a la transfusión de sangre: las tecnologías médicas del Dr. Josep Antoni Grifols Roig (1909-1939)
Authors: Sans-Ponseti Cristina
Published: May 2022

¿En qué contexto llegaron los desarrollos tecnocientíficos que hicieron posibles las transfusiones sanguíneas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX? ¿En qué trabajaban los médicos transfusores barceloneses antes de que la hemoterapia se profesionalizara?
En este artículo intentamos resolver estas preguntas para el caso concreto del Instituto Central de Análisis Clínicos, Bacteriológicos y Químicos de Barcelona (1909-1939), dirigido por el doctor Josep Antoni Grifols Roig (1885-1976). Sus primeras patentes del test de Wassermann para la detección de la sífilis, o la técnica del aglutino-diagnóstico, nos indican cómo la sangre era concebida, en primer lugar, como una tecnología propia del laboratorio. Y para la obtención de muestras óptimas, fue necesario que Grifols desarrollara sus propias tecnologías médicas. Todo esto le reportó, además de un prestigio como médico analista, el conocimiento necesario para adaptar rápidamente su actividad a la medicina transfusional. Durante la década de los veinte, patentó el primer sistema de transfusión indirecta de España, que junto a sus sueros control, empezaron a convertir la sangre en un auténtico medicamento, utilizado para sanar.
Las fuentes utilizadas son principalmente las contenidas en el Archivo Histórico Grifols, así como las actas de los primeros congresos de médicos en lengua catalana.
Crick's Adaptor Hypothesis and the Discovery of Transfer RNA: Experiment Surpassing Theoretical Prediction
Authors: Fry Michael
Published: May 2022

Historically, hypotheses failed in most cases to correctly forecast the workings of complex biological systems. Francis Crick’s adaptor hypothesis, however, stands out as an exceptional case of a confirmed abstract prediction. This hypothesis presciently anticipated the existence of RNA adaptors that function as bridges between amino acids and the chemically different nucleic acid template for proteins. Crick conjectured that the adaptors are enzymatically charged with cognate amino acids, they bind to complementary protein-coding nucleic acid, and their liberated amino acids are incorporated into growing protein chains. Independently from and concomitantly with Crick’s hypothesis, Mahlon Hoagland and Paul Zamecnik conducted experiments with no guiding theory that culminated in discoveries of the actual adaptors, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, and their amino acids charging enzymes. This paper traces the parallel histories of Crick’s adaptor hypothesis and of the experimental discovery of tRNA and compares their relative impacts on the scientific community. Remarkably, despite the brilliance of Crick’s confirmed prognostication, it had marginal impact on practicing scientists. Conversely, Hoagland and Zamecnik’s experimental discoveries and their evidence-based model of protein synthesis had immediate and enduring impact. I discuss possible explanations for the different impacts of the theoretical prediction and experimental identifications of the same entities.
PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO E CARREIRAS:PANORAMA DA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA SOBRE A TEMÁTICA
Authors: Teixeira Rodilon , LEMOS ANA HELOISA DA COSTA , Fuzyama Christian Kazuo
Published: May 2022

O estudo teve por objetivo identificar o panorama das produções acadêmicas que abordam os efeitos do aumento da precarização do trabalho nos novos desenhos de carreiras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que, através de uma busca realizada nas bases de dados da ISI Web of Science, Scopus/Elsevier, Scientific Electronic Library Online e EBSCO, identificou artigos que abordaram tal temática no período entre 1995 e 2018. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam o crescimento de publicações da temática nos últimos anos, com destaque para estudos realizados na Inglaterra, Alemanha e Brasil, e no que diz respeito aos temas analisados constatou-se, por um lado, que estes versam sobre diversas atividades, predominantemente, sobre carreiras de docentes, das indústrias criativas e da saúde, profissões que exigem maior qualificação do trabalhador. Entretanto, por outro lado, as profissões com menor complexidade ou que exigem baixa escolaridade apresentaram poucos estudos, sinalizando baixo interesse da comunidade acadêmica, além disso, constatou-se que os estudos privilegiaram categorias como gênero, raça, idade, bem como aspectos singulares como a precarização subjetiva e a influência de fatores ideológicas e/ou status social que podem ser considerados “atraente” no trabalho precarizado.
A ESTRATÉGIA DE BUY AND HOLD NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA CARTEIRA DE JOVENS INVESTIDORES DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE
Authors: Gabriel Felipe da Silva Santos  , Cynthia Adrielle da Silva Santos  , Naielly Lopes Marques
Published: May 2022

O ambiente de reformas estruturais político-econômicas trouxe consigo preocupações a despeito do bem-estar futuro e desenvolvimento das famílias. Em paralelo a essas mudanças, a B3 (bolsa de valores do Brasil) registrou em 2020 um crescimento histórico acima de dois milhões de investidores registrados na bolsa. Fatores como o déficit previdenciário e o corte expressivo na taxa de juro doméstica, a redução no prêmio de títulos de renda fixa e o pressuposto da incapacidade do Governo em honrar com os pagamentos dos títulos emitidos, levaram investidores a tomarem risco através de investimentos na bolsa de valores, afim de auferirem ganhos condizentes com o risco acordado. Dentre os mais de dois milhões de indivíduos que fazem investimentos em ações, o presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar como a estratégia de buy and hold influencia a tomada de decisão e composição de carteira de investidores residentes na região da Baixada Fluminense que buscam retornos visando o longo prazo. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa através de um estudo de campo com esses investidores. Após análise das respostas coletadas no questionário, observamos que a estratégia em questão promove resultados estatisticamente comprovados para indivíduos que fazem investimentos visando aposentadoria, renda passiva ou independência financeira plena.
LIDERANÇA GLOBAL: CONTEXTO, CONCEITOS E DESAFIOS NA ATUAÇÃO DE EXECUTIVOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Prates Barreto Maria Simone , Nelmi Trevisan Leonardo , Rosa Veloso Elza Fatima
Published: May 2022

A pesquisa, base deste artigo, foi realizada em uma multinacional de alta performance na área de tecnologia da informação, aplicada exclusivamente a executivos brasileiros. O objetivo central foi o de avaliar o contexto de atuação, a assimilação de diferenças com lideranças locais e os desafios enfrentados pela dinâmica de liderança global. O procedimento metodológico, de pesquisa qualitativa, se mostrou mais adequado ao objetivo, com prevalência da natureza exploratória. Os executivos selecionados para a pesquisa, todos da área de tecnologia, apesar de atuantes também no Brasil, reconheciam como principal desafio de carreira o respetivo desenvolvimento como liderança global? O roteiro semiestruturado de entrevistas vinculou os três construtos, contexto, conceitos e desafios da liderança global à percepção de diferenças de atuação e de aprendizagem do executivo em diferentes realidades e países. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa evidenciaram a dificuldade de uso de diferentes linguagens para gerenciar equipes remotas, com ampla diversidade, quase sempre em conexões virtuais. A operacionalidade do desafio de atuação multicultural, em equipes remotas, também foi encontrada, tanto na gestão de fusos-horários diversos, como no cumprimento de jornadas de longa duração em diferente idioma.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Luna Batinga Georgiana
Published: May 2022

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Synthesis of Patchouli Esters from Patchouli Oil in the Presence of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Priatmoko Priatmoko , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Fadlilah Fadlilah , Rachmawati Dian Hafiizh
Published: May 2022

Patchouli alcohol was isolated from patchouli oil by fractional distillation under reduced pressure. Patchouli esters were then prepared from isolated patchouli alcohol via esterification reaction in the presence of homogeneous (concentrated hydrochloric acid) and heterogeneous (acid-activated bentonite) catalysts. Fractional distillation under reduced pressure was carried out by heating patchouli oil under a pressure until 0 mmHg. Esterification reaction was carried out by heating patchouli alcohol with propionic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst at 100-110 for 3 h The products were characterized using FTIR and GCMS spectrometers. The esterification reaction with HCl 37% and bentonite catalysts produced patchouli propionate in 26% and 21% yields, respectively.
Synthesis and Computational Insights of p-Benzoyl-Phenylalanine as Potential Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor
Authors: Shtaiwi Amneh , Adnan Rohana , Khairuddean Melati
Published: May 2022

Radiolabelled amino acids have been gaining great interest in medical field both as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. New pharmaceutical compound, p-benzoyl-phenylalanine (4-BP), was synthesised and investigated for its potential as estrogen receptor inhibitor for breast cancer and characterised using FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular docking study were carried out to explore the molecular interactions between 4-BP and human estrogen receptor (hERα). Docking results revealed 4-BP has high binding affinity via hydrophobic and polar-polar contacts towards hERα. Analysis of 30 ns molecular dynamics simulations results of the best docked 4-OHT and 4-BP with hERα receptor demonstrate stable complex interaction and (4-BP)-hERα undergoes less conformational fluctuations compared to the (4-OHT)-hERα. This work reports new synthesis method for 4-BP amino acid with improved anti-estrogenic properties and shed light on its interaction mechanism with hERα.
Kinetics Study of Free Fatty Acid Esterification from Sludge Palm Oil Using Zeolite Sulfonated Biochar from Molasses Composite Catalyst
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Asri Wan Ryan , Meilani Afrianti , Yuliasari Nova
Published: May 2022

A kinetics study of free fatty acid (FFA) esterification from sludge palm oil (SPO) using zeolite sulfonated biochar from molasses composite catalyst has been conducted. The effect of reaction temperature (60, 70, 80°C) and the molar ratio of methanol to free fatty acids (17:1, 20:1, 23:1, 26:1, 29:1) on the kinetic parameters such as reaction rate, Arrhenius constant, activation energy, and enthalpy energy were investigated. The study showed that the reaction temperature and the initial free fatty acids concentration were positively correlated with the reaction rate as well as the reaction rate constant. The forward activation energy and Arrhenius constant for FAME formation were 30.6537 kJ/mol and 2.04 x 102, respectively, while the backward activation energy and Arrhenius constant were 15.8714 kJ/mol and 2.502, respectively. The positive enthalpy value was 14.7823 kJ/mol indicates the reaction endothermically occurred. The validation of the kinetic model gives an R2 value of 0.9612 indicates that the model was acceptable and provided a predicted value close to the actual value.
Preliminary Study of Isolation and Purification Mitragynine from Kratom Leaves
Authors: Isnaeni Neni , Saefumillah Asep , Cahyana Antonius Herry
Published: May 2022

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) leaves contain a major alkaloid, mitragynine, which has opioid pain-relieving activity. Kratom and its derivatives are abused as alternatives to other narcotics. Therefore, this preliminary study was aimed to optimize the extraction of mitragynine from kratom investigating the effect of extraction time and ultrasonication on yield and quality of extract (the content of mitragynine). The extraction was carried out sequential extraction at room temperature and treatment of ultrasonication before extraction which was followed the purification process. Ultrasound-assisted extraction increased mitragynine yield to16.88%, compared to extraction without ultrasonication. The extract was purified by column chromatography, eluted with a mixture of n-hexane - ethyl acetate - 25% ammonia with a ratio of 30:15:1 (v/v). Likewise, the highest mitragynine purity obtained was 86.46%.
Screening and Toxicity Assay of Bioactive Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Indonesian Marine Sponge Dysidia sp. from Hoga Island
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Fajri , Astuti Endang , Swasono Respati Tri
Published: May 2022

Screening of the toxic active compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of the sponge Dysidea sp. from Hoga Island, Wakatobi National Park. This study aims to determine the toxic properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of sponge Dysidea sp. Isolation was carried out by extraction method using methanol as solvent, then the extract was partitioned using various solvents, such as N-Hexane, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate and Acetone. The obtained fraction was then tested for toxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and phytochemical tests. Identification of compounds from the fraction that have toxic properties were then identified using Liquid Chromatography – High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The ethyl acetate fraction obtained was 1.5 grams in the form of a green solid paste. LC-HRMS analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction contained 3 reported compounds and 2 unreported compounds.
Incorporation of ZnO Nanoparticle in Starch-Based Edible Coating Matrix for Preservation of Red Globe (Vitis vinifera Linn.)
Authors: Mahardiani Lina , Fani Liza'il , Susilowati Endang
Published: May 2022

Red Grapes or Red Globe (Vitis vinifera Linn.) is a delicate fruit easily damaged and bruised. The changes in the texture of Red Globe flesh and shrinkage happened if it kept too long, even in the low temperature. This condition is disadvantageous, especially for fruit sellers or vendors. Therefore, the edible coating is important to help the fruit's freshness by protecting its surface with its coating. Starch is one of the sources of an edible coating obtained from jackfruit seed since it contains 52.53% of amylase. This study aimed to examine the potential of jackfruit seed starch as an edible coating for the preservation of Red Globe. Furthermore, the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in the edible coating matrix was also examined for vitamin C of the Red Globe since ZnO has selective toxicity toward bacteria. The edible coating incorporated with ZnO nanoparticle was characterized based on ash content, water content, FTIR, and SEM. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticle was successfully incorporated in the edible coating matrix. In addition, the effect of edible coating on Red Globe freshness was also observed.
Englishnization in Francophone Africa? Insights into Workplace Language Use
Authors: Sacco Steven J. , OHIN-TRAORÉ Christiane
Published: May 2022

In this essay, the authors describe the results of a study that measured the use of English and French as perceived by one group of female managers and employees working in logistics and global supply chain management positions in Francophone Africa, Women in Logistics-Africa. The goal was to determine if “mandating English as the common corporate language,” sometimes called Englishnization (Neeley, 2012), has attained a significant presence within corporations operating in Francophone Africa. The 124 subjects from 94 companies in Francophone Africa, responded to a 14-question survey; 24 subjects participated in follow-up interviews. The results indicate that English is highly valued among the vast majority of respondents and is mostly used in exchanges between the French-speaking employees and their English-speaking bosses, clients, and suppliers. French, however, remains the dominant workplace language used overall as the 124 French-speaking professionals communicate almost exclusively in French with co-workers and French-speaking clients and suppliers. Consequently, English is not always the business lingua franca as claimed by Neeley (2012, 2017), and other Business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF) researchers (see e.g., Kankaanranta et al., 2015, 2018). Instead, the findings in the current study add to an increasing pool of evidence of multilingual workplace settings, even among multinational corporations where English is the official language (Ehrenreich, 2009; Janssens & Steyaert, 2014; Sacco, 2017, 2019a).
Applying the Country of Origin Effect in Teaching a German-Austrian Business Case
Authors: Sheffer Amanda
Published: May 2022

A merger of two airlines from Germany and Austria presents an opportunity for students to reflect on notions of cultures and business cultures, and then to begin to think critically about biases and stereotypes inherent in the country of origin effect (COE). While the country of origin is defined by where a consumer perceives a product to be from, regardless from where it may actually originate, the COE influences consumer purchases and perceptions. This influence, while seemingly coming from positive traits associated with the country, can also perpetuate stereotypes and false monolithic views of culture. This article presents a business case about the merger of Austrian Airlines and Lufthansa as part of a larger class unit consisting of six 50-minute course periods designed for the intermediate German post-secondary classroom. The case study presented here uses the concept of COE to examine how the nation and culturally driven goods and services may also uphold stereotypes as well as consumer and marketer biases. This current study looks at culture and language learning, cultural assessment standards and their suggested outcomes, and recent criticisms of these models in a global context. As part of the business case unit activities, students reflect on print and video advertising to develop written descriptions, to read an image, and to state an opinion—all with the goal of engaging critically with notions of culture used in travel industry marketing and branding. The purpose of this project is to embed critical readings for students of both a national culture and a monolithic German business culture early in the curriculum.
The Workplace Development of Language Professionals after University: A United Kingdom Case Study
Authors: Davie Jim
Published: May 2022

For students who major in world languages in undergraduate university programs and go on to apply the resultant knowledge professionally, the imperative to continue learning about that language and about communication more generally does not stop once they graduate. However, their ability to undertake world language-related professional development can be beset with challenges, such as cost, time, finding the right training, and, vitally, securing employer support. For their part, while employers of world language graduates rely greatly on their staff’s language proficiency and cross-cultural knowledge, they can fail to appreciate knowledge gaps or provide adequate ongoing training (e.g., Arthur & Beaton, 2000; British Academy, 2016; Davie, in preparation). This article assesses the world language professional development situation in one major UK employer of language graduates, a department within the national civil service. It firstly describes the steps taken to address graduate knowledge gaps through the creation of in-house learning modules in linguistics and cultural and linguistic anthropology. It then analyses trends in feedback elicited through a mixed-methods data collection approach. Finally, it discusses the effectiveness and impact of the learning and considers the implications of the study for employers and higher education.
Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension
Authors: Choi Jong Han , Cho Yoon Jeong , Kim Hyun-Jin , Ko Seung-Hyun , Chon Suk , Kang Jee-Hyun , Kim Kyoung-Kon , Kim Eun Mi , Kim Hyun Jung , Song Kee-Ho , Nam Ga Eun , Kim Kwang Il ,   Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines,   Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO),   Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Committee of Food and Nutrition, Korean Diabetes Association (KDA),   Policy Committee of Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH),   Policy Development Committee of National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK)
Published: May 2022

Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.
Malignancy mimicking mastitis
Authors: Shukla Shailaja , Suman Neha
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory breast carcinoma is a rare rapidly progressive form of breast carcinoma. The nature of lesion often mimics inflammatory lesions such as mastitis which leads to the delay in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a case of a young lactating female patient who presented with features of mastitis. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology and further histopathological examination of the core biopsy revealed it as carcinoma. The patient was then advised neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the awareness and recognition of this rare entity, which mimic various inflammatory and nonmalignant causes, are of utmost importance.
Perceptions of Medical Students on a Three-Step Teaching Approach to Promote Active Learning in Embryology
Authors: Kore Smitha Elizabeth , Begum Gulam Saidunnisa
Published: May 2022

Background:

The study of embryology is an essential component of the anatomy course during the preclinical years of medical education. It is usually perceived as difficult to comprehend due to the rapid three-dimensional changes that occur during fetal life. Visual representation while explaining the developmental process can facilitate comprehension. Active discussion with peers is another important learning aid that can help with better retention of the concepts taught in embryology. The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate perceptions about the three-step active learning in embryology using “do it yourself (DIY) construction models” as props, reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT) sessions, and case discussions.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 students attending the embryology lecture on the gastrointestinal tract development. In step-1, the traditional lecture was delivered using a PowerPoint presentation which was complemented by three-dimensional (3D) visualization using “DIY” construction models used as props. Step-2 RPT session step-3 application exercises using real-time cases. Feedback was taken on a questionnaire administered using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:

The descriptive analysis of the feedback revealed that most of the students were satisfied with the different active teaching strategies employed to conduct the sessions. The Chi-square test analysis showed a significant association between the questions posed in the feedback questionnaire.

Conclusion:

Our study provides insights into the importance of multiple active teaching techniques in learning embryology. The impact usage of props (DIY models) enhanced comprehension, peer teaching sessions helped the students to bridge the cognitive gaps, and case-based learning promoted critical thinking, and problems-solving skills.
Factors influencing entrepreneurial orientation levels among agri-input suppliers in Nakuru county, Kenya
Authors: Musyoka D.M. , Gathungu E. , Gido E.O.
Published: May 2022

Start-ups and small-scale agri-input suppliers (AIS) play critical roles in Kenya’s agricultural development sector. Nakuru county is the leading producer of flowers, potatoes, milk and vegetables in Kenya; creating an enabling environment for AIS start-upsto thrive. However, competition from established, medium and large-scale agri-enterprises put them at risk of closure or inhibition of their potential to survive the environmental turbulence and grow into medium or large-scale enterprises.Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) manifestations, in the form of proactiveness, innovation, and risk-taking, among other internal aspects, are considered necessary for any agri-enterprises’ start-up success, as they positively influence their growth and performance. The objective of this study was to understand factors influencing EO levels among agri-input suppliers in Nakuru County, Kenya.A study involving a sample of 137 agri-input suppliers operating in Nakuru County was carried out using face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using Principal Component Analysis, Quartile technique, and the Generalised Ordered Logit (GOL) model. Overall, the variety of traded agri-input products showed the most significant positive influence on EO levels, followed by possession of business plan, partnership, customers’ contracts and gender factors, in that order of magnitude. On the other hand, years ofagri-enterprise operation and the number of agri-input business owners showed negative influence on EO levels. The list of prioritised significant factors is important in informing agripreneurs, policy makers and socio-economic development agencies when designing development programmes and strategies aimed at promoting agripreneurship in Kenya.
Seed system and seed quality of Kersting’s groundnut in Benin
Authors: Sossou H.S. , Agoyi E.E. , Kafoutchoni K.M. , Sodedji F.A.K. , Agbahoungba S. , Quenum Fl.J.B. , Sikirou R. , Assogbadjo A.E. , Sinsin B.A.
Published: May 2022

Swift delivery of quality seeds to farming communities is a fundamental step in mainstreaming the value chain of orphan crops. The objective of this study was to characterise seed production and delivery systems of the orphan Kersting’s groundnut (KG) [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] and their influence on seed quality in Benin. A survey was conducted among 305 farmers from the major KG growing areas in Benin. A total of 60 seed samples were collected from different sources (farmer own seed, local markets and agro-dealers) for quality tests. The results showed that seed sources, acquisition modes and perceived quality differed significantly (P<0.01) among gender groups and with farming experience. Majority of farmers (74.93%) perceived seeds acquired from the local markets and seed stored in non-hermetic conditions as of poor quality compared to seeds sourced from their own stock and stored in hermetic conditions. Yet, the seed quality analysis revealed no differences (P<0.05) among the sources and storage methods. Less than 20% of the tested samples met the national quality standards suggesting an important quality constraint in the current system which may justify the reported low yield and crop failure.
Influence of socio-demographic factors on the production system of Kersting’s groundnut in Benin
Authors: Kafoutchoni K.M. , Agoyi E.E. , Sossou H.S. , Agbahoungba S. , Agbangla C. , Assogbadjo A.E. , Sinsin B.
Published: May 2022

Socio-demographic factors are often responsible for the persistent neglect of orphan crops such as Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum) in sub-Saharan Africa.The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of socio-demographic factors on production of Kersting’s groundnut (KG), as a basis for informing policy and development efforts in Benin. Data were collected from 305 randomly selected respondents from three major KG growing areas of Benin (Zou, Collines and Plateau). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, ordered logit models and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were used to analyse data, rank and prioritise production constraints across socio-demographic clusters. Factors such as land tenure, farm size, farming experience, education level, age and location had significant positive influence on cultivated KG plot size. Similarly, gender, education level and membership to cooperative groups had positive effects on farmer-reported yield. Furthermore, location in the department of Zou had a negative effect on reported yield. Production activities (sowing and harvesting) were significantly influenced by gender and education level. The most significant constraints were damage due to transhumance, lack of quality seed, changing rainfall patterns, production complexity and poor access to credit and land. Strategic actions for boosting KG productivity should include use of improved varieties, sustainable seed system, appropriate crop management practices, and improved access to credit.
Indigenous knowledge-based evaluation of Ambachi tuberous plant as a future famine food crop for Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Kamal M. , Elzein A.E.M. , Mohammed E.M.  ,  Elkhalil E.A.I.  , Osman H.A.H.  , Ahmed E.E.A. 
Published: May 2022

Malnutrition and associated diseases are major challenges in the semi-arid Sahelian zone of Africa, where rainfall is <600 mm per annum. The objective of this study was to document indigenous knowledge on the significance and management of Ambachi (Dioscorea hispida) in East Darfur State, Sudan. A total of 101 respondents was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire in Bahr Alarab Locality, located in East Darfur State. Additionally, key informants and group discussions were held with local leaders to supplement data collection. The results revealed that Ambachi plant is fairly plentiful in East Darfur state, and grows naturally in the wild. All respondents were knowledgeable about Ambachi plant’s appearance, growth cycle, usage and storage processes. Generally, Ambachi tubers are stored in various types of natural and synthetic containers, and for varied periods of time. However, up to 78% of the respondents reported Shawwal (made of plastic material), as the most preferred container for storage of dry tubers. Virtually all households (99%) attested to consuming Ambachi-based foods particularly during famine periods. Up to 98% of Ambachi plant tubers are soaked before cooking to remove the bitter taste; and two thirds of interviewees were familiar with the cooking process of Ambachi foods. Lastly, Ambachi plant tubers are tradable in different local markets across the region; although it was mainly sold in Abu matareg market located in Bahar Alara locality.
Value of corape plant as famine food in Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Ahmed A.A.M. , Osman H.A.H. , Elkhalil E.A.I. , Ahmed E.E.A. , Elzein A.E.M. , Mohamed E.M.
Published: May 2022

Darfur state of Sudan faces famine at different times, thus necessitating a search for improved coping strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the value of Corape (Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum) plant as a food crop during famine periods in Darfur state in Sudan. Atotal of 132 respondents purposely selected from Alfashir, the capital of north Darfur were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Also, key informants and focus group discussions with local leaders of the area were engaged in data collection. A total of 82.6% attested the existence of the Corape plant in Darfur; while 49.2% confirmed its significance as a famine crop in Darfur. Corape seed is used to prepare different types of meals and its seed stores for 15 - 20 years. Corape vegetation is also used as animal fodder, which according to 28% of the respondents can be stored for 6 to 12 months without significant deterioration in quality. This study concluded that the Corape plant has a good potential as food and fodder plant and can contribute significantly to household food security and livelihoods of local communities, if the problems of storage and pests were tackled.