bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor binding site clusters identify target genes with similar tissue-wide expression and buffer against mutations
Authors: Lu Ruipeng , Rogan Peter K.
Published: December 2018

Background:The distribution and composition ofcis-regulatory modules composed of transcription factor (TF) binding site (TFBS) clusters in promoters substantially determine gene expression patterns and TF targets. TF knockdown experiments have revealed that TF binding profiles and gene expression levels are correlated. We use TFBS features within accessible promoter intervals to predict genes with similar tissue-wide expression patterns and TF targets.

Methods:Genes with correlated expression patterns across 53 tissues and TF targets were respectively identified from Bray-Curtis Similarity and TF knockdown experiments. Corresponding promoter sequences were reduced to DNase I-accessible intervals; TFBSs were then identified within these intervals using information theory-based position weight matrices for each TF (iPWMs) and clustered. Features from information-dense TFBS clusters predicted these genes with machine learning classifiers, which were evaluated for accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. Mutations in TFBSs were analyzed toin silicoexamine their impact on cluster densities and the regulatory states of target genes.

Results:  We initially chose the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), whose regulation has been extensively studied, to test this approach.SLC25A32andTANKwere found to exhibit the most similar expression patterns toNR3C1. A Decision Tree classifier exhibited the largest area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve in detecting such genes. Target gene prediction was confirmed using siRNA knockdown of TFs, which was found to be more accurate than those predicted after CRISPR/CAS9 inactivation.In-silicomutation analyses of TFBSs also revealed that one or more information-dense TFBS clusters in promoters are required for accurate target gene prediction. 

Conclusions: Machine learning based on TFBS information density, organization, and chromatin accessibility accurately identifies gene targets with comparable tissue-wide expression patterns. Multiple information-dense TFBS clusters in promoters appear to protect promoters from effects of deleterious binding site mutations in a single TFBS that would otherwise alter regulation of these genes.
INSIGHT TO THE MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF A HP AUSTENITIC HEAT RESISTANT STEEL AFTER LONG-TERM SERVICE EXPOSURE
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Mahyar , Javaheri Vahid , Shamanian Morteza , Rizaneh Shahram , Szpunar Jerzy A.
Published: December 2018

Heat-resistant steels of HP series (Fe-25Cr-35Ni) are used in high temperature structural applications. Their composition include Nb as strong carbide former. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) investigations revealed that, in the as-cast condition, alloys exhibit austenitic matrix with intergranular primary carbides such as MC, M23C6 and/or M7C3. During exposure at a high temperature, phase transformations occurred: chromium carbides of M7C3 type transform into the more stable M23C6 type, intergranular M23C6 carbides precipitate, and Lave phase due to increase of Niobium activity with temperature increase, as thermodynamic simulation confirmed. Therefore, combination of EBSD-EDS technique with thermodynamic calculation is one of the novel and most accurate method to investigation of phase transformation, as the precipitations are identified on the basis of their crystal structure, chemical composition and their thermodynamic features.
RELATOS DE SALA DE AULA: ANÁLISE EM BUSCA DE COMPREENSÃO DA PERSPECTIVA DISCURSIVA DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO / Classroom reports: analysis in search of comprehension of the discursive perspective of literacy
Authors: Goulart Cecília Maria Aldigueri , Lapa de Aguiar Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2018

O artigo traz como proposta analisar relatos de sala de aula registrados por uma professora alfabetizadora da rede pública de ensino do Rio de Janeiro/RJ dentro de um projeto de pesquisa coordenado por uma das autoras, à luz dos conceitos da teoria da enunciação bakhtiniana, buscando compreender como se estabelecem sentidos na relação pedagógica, no ato de ensinar e aprender a escrita no contexto escolar. Por meio dos relatos, observamos que a sala de aula analisada se constituiu como lugar de contínua produção de enunciados, de reflexão, de contraposição, de sistematização, de criação e do inusitado, sugerindo, desse modo, que cada grupo de sujeitos-crianças percorre sua trajetória por um caminho singular com aquela professora determinada, naquele tempo histórico. A escuta sensível, as interações possíveis e as elaborações surgidas no movimento da sala de aula e articuladas à vida, foram constituindo uma metodologia de trabalho entre professora e crianças, fazendo emergir sentidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da escrita para si e para o outro na relação escola/contexto social. Enfim, crianças e professora, em suas lutas diárias, no cotidiano da escola, nos seus bairros, nos cursos de formação, nos espaços políticos de disputa, no movimento da vida, buscam constantemente aprender e dar sentido à existência, nutrem esperanças, mesmo diante de todas as contradições e perplexidades da atualidade.
PIXELS INDIVIDUAIS TRATADOS COMO OBJETOS PARA A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DA COBERTURA DA TERRA: INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE GEOBIA E MINERAÇÃO DE DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO (RMRJ)
Authors: Carvalho Marcus Vinícius Alves de , Ferreira da Silva Gabriella , Madureira Cruz Carla Bernadete
Published: December 2018

Os mapeamentos temáticos constituem uma fonte relevante de informação para as mais variadas áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que auxiliam no planejamento e na tomada de decisões eficazes. A produção cartográfica foi consideravelmente revolucionada pelos avanços no Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) de Sensores Remotos, pois auxiliam tanto na elaboração quanto na atualização dos mapas de forma mais ágil e com custos reduzidos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a adoção de pixels individuais como “objetos” para a classificação da cobertura da terra na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro através da integração entre GEOBIA e Mineração de Dados Geográficos, e tendo como insumos os índices espectrais (NDVI e NDWI) e imagens transformadas (PCA, IHS e TasseledCap) provenientes dos dados OLI / Landsat-8. Estes, por sua vez, apresentam moderada resolução espacial, que é afetada pela questão da Mistura Espectral. Como resultado, o mapa temático de cobertura do solo alcançou alta precisão devido ao Índice Kappa de 0,871 e a percepção de que os atributos que mais auxiliaram na classificação foram aqueles provenientes da Transformação TasseledCap.Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto, Pixels Individuais, Objetos, Mineração de Dados Geográficos.
Occlusal Splints for Bruxing and TMD – A Balanced Approach?
Authors: Jagger Robert , King Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

Occlusal splints are classified in this article into three groups according to the way that opposing teeth contact the splint: 1) partial occlusal contact; 2) full occlusal contact in retruded arc of closure; and 3) full occlusal contact in protrusion. Each type of splint has relative advantages and disadvantages. Splints do not reliably or predictably reduce bruxism and there are differences between individuals in their response to the wearing of splints. When treating temporomandibular disorders, splints should be provided as part of a package of conservative physiotherapy type measures. There is no evidence that any one type of splint is most effective. Long-term wearing of designs that may lead to permanent occlusal changes should be avoided or the patient should be carefully monitored for occlusal changes.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The article describes the effect of splints on bruxism. Advice is provided on best practice in respect of the use of splints in the management of temporomandibular disorders.
Análisis contrastivo de las características semánticas de las preposiciones monolécticas del español y del griego moderno
Authors: Gómez Laguna Isaac
Published: December 2018

En el presente artículo contrastamos las preposiciones monolécticas del español y del griego moderno mediante el análisis componencial, enfoque semántico que considera que el significado de todo elemento lingüístico es único y permanente, no depende de factores extralingüísticos, está compuesto por semas (rasgos de significado mínimos) e interactúa con los otros significados de su contexto dando paso a los sentidos: realizaciones semánticas concretas que, a su vez, posibilitan la interpretación de determinadas estructuras funcionales. Con esta investigación queremos poner de manifiesto que: (1) el análisis componencial permite comparar elementos de distintas lenguas de la misma manera que compara elementos de una misma lengua, contrastando sus semas; (2) cuanto más similares sean los semas de dos preposiciones de lenguas diferentes, tantas más posibilidades tienen estas preposiciones de aparecer en contextos interlingüísticamente equivalentes desarrollando sentidos contextuales semejantes; (3) la norma lingüística de una lengua restringe o potencia los diferentes usos de cada elemento lingüístico, pero no puede crear sentidos no justificados por los semas de esos elementos.
La información digital enjuiciada por la prensa
Authors: Colle Raymond
Published: December 2018

2017 ha sido marcado por numerosos comentarios en medios informativos de Internet acerca de las noticias falsas y otras expresiones dudosas en las redes sociales. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido hacer un balance de lo dicho en estos medios a propósito de la difusión de informaciones. Para ello se recopilaron y clasificaron extractos de lo dicho en una amplia muestra de medios informativos digitales. Se confirmó que el tema de las noticias falsas en las redes sociales fue lo que dominó, especialmente en su relación con la política. Se siguieron solamente 68 fuentes durante 7 meses. Se logró una visión sintética de los juicios y medidas de contención tomadas. Se visualizaron las relaciones entre las temáticas abordadas. En conclusión, el año 2017 ha sido un año importante en cuanto a toma de conciencia y reacción de los medios y plataformas frente al auge de las noticias falsas en las redes sociales.
Prácticas de lectura en los centros y programas de escritura académica
Authors: Calle-Arango Lina
Published: December 2018

La historia y evolución de los centros y programas de escritura en la educación superior ha sido un tema ampliamente tratado, y gran cantidad de la literatura al respecto deja en evidencia sus prácticas más comunes. No obstante, poca mención se ha hecho a la comprensión lectora como parte integral de los asuntos que atañen a que estos espacios, aunque de unos años hacia acá ha comenzado a haber un asomo de interés. De cara a ello, en este texto se propone reflexionar sobre la importancia de que estos espacios incluyan en sus prácticas y servicios el desarrollo de la competencia lectora, concibiendo esta como indispensable en la construcción de una adecuada competencia comunicativa y apoyo a la alfabetización académica. Adicionalmente, dejar en evidencia que, aprovechando las características de estos lugares, desde la puesta en práctica de una comprensión lectora se promueva la autonomía dentro de la formación académica en géneros discursivos.
A prototipikus (poláris) antonimák
Authors: Kugler Nóra
Published: December 2018

A tanulmány arra mutat rá, hogy az antonímia alapvető jellegével nem áll összhangban a magyar szemantikai kutatásokban az antonímiára fordított figyelem. A poláris antonímiát (pl. magas – alacsony, erős – gyenge; meleg – hideg, vidám – szomorú; okos – buta; kedves – undok) szakirodalmi adatokra építve a tanulmány úgy értelmezi, hogy a poláris viszony nyelvileg nemcsak értékviszonyként konceptualizálódik, hanem alapvetőbb feldolgozási szinten energiaviszonyként és téri viszonyként is. A kifejezések előfordulásainak a megértésekor akár mindhárom tartomány aktiválódhat, bizonyos mértékben (előtér-háttér viszonyban) feldolgozódhat. Ennek magyar nyelvi anyagon történő empirikus vizsgálatára a tanulmány több, további kidolgozásra és megvalósításra váró kísérlettervet mutat be. A kísérletek a szemantikai orientáció megállapítására, a pólusok közötti és az alternatív nyelvi megkonstruálásuk közötti összefüggésre, a polaritás és a tériség kapcsolatára irányulnak.
The desire of infinity: the dialectical structure of desire in The Phenomenology of the Spirit
Authors: Marosán Bence
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses the concept of desire in Hegel from the perspective of phenomenological analysis. By connecting the phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger to German idealism, I wish to highlight the idea that the two are closer to each other than it is usually believed. Through close readings of Hegel’s Phenomenology of the Spirit, I show how some philosophical ideas of German idealism reappear more emphatically in Phenomenology.
Analytic rainbow philosophy and Newton’s infinitely simple theory of colours
Authors: Zemplén Gábor Áron
Published: December 2018

Gábor Áron Zemplén introduces Newton’s theory of colours, focusing primarily on the images Newton used to illustrate his essays. The paper analyses the first, 1672, version of Newton’s theory of colours, and highlights the fifth thesis about the number of simple colours in the rainbow. Although Newton thinks the rainbow can be divided into an infinite number of colours, his answer remains polysemic. Zemplén argues that the polysemy is intentional: the father of modern physics wanted to evade open confrontation with disciples of traditional models of physics and optics.
Perspective and the Infinite in the Early Modern Age
Authors: Pavlovits Tamás
Published: December 2018

The thematic section of this issue consists of two parts: translations of two texts by Pascal on mathematics and four essays on different interpretations of the infinite in the Early Modern Age. The translations and the essays have emerged from the OTKA research “Perspective and Epistemology in the Early Modern Age,” linked to the research activity of the “The Philosophy of the Early Modern Age” workshop (KUFIM).

The essays in the second part are extended versions of the papers of the conference organized by KUFIM at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) Budapest on May 11, 2011. I would like to thank Gábor Nagy, associate professor of mathematics at the Bolyai Institute of the University of Szeged, for his generous help with the translations. The translations have used the texts and notes of Jean Mesnard’s critical edition of Pascal (1970). The thematic issue has been supported by two OTKA projects: K 81165 and K 67798.
Intersubjectivity via mediators dependent on the mind
Authors: Kodaj Dániel
Published: December 2018

According to traditional views, the mediator of intersubjectivity, the physical world, is independent of subjectivity metaphysically because the physical world precedes subjectivity. The paper considers the consequences of a new model of intersubjective mediation where there are no mediators independent of subjectivity. This model recalls a classical idealist position à la Berkeley and Leibniz that has been expanded by John Foster, Howard Robinson, and Timothy Sprigge in contemporary analytical philosophy. The new model has three challenging features: i. it is coherent, cannot be falsified by any result of modern science, ii. it can be argued for using arguments from the philosophy of the mind, iii. it posits that morality, intersubjective acknowledgement, and reality experienced communally have a higher status metaphysically than mere physical existence.
The safety of love. Jean-Luc Marion: The Erotic Phenomenon.
Authors: Czétány György
Published: December 2018

The safety of love. Jean-Luc Marion: The Erotic Phenomenon. (Review)

Jean-Luc Marion: The Erotic Phenomenon. Trans. Zsigmond Szabó. Budapest, L'Harmattan, 2012.
Teológiai fenomenológia és a metafizika meghaladása. Jean-Luc Marion – kartezianizmus, fenomenológia, teológia
Authors: Herczegh Máté
Published: December 2018

Theological phenomenology and the transgression of metaphysics. Jean-Luc Marion: Cartesianism, Phenomenology, Theology. (Review)

Takács Ádám – Camilleri, Sylvain (eds.): Jean-Luc Marion, Cartesianism, Theology. Budapest, Gondolat, 2012.
Identity, subjectivity, intersubjectivity
Authors: Faragó Emese
Published: December 2018

Introduction to the special issue
Religious emotions in Pascal and Descartes
Authors: Boros Gábor
Published: December 2018

The 17th century abounds in theories about something variously referred to as passion, emotion, or affect. This interest in the philosophy of emotions is just as important as the interest in “reason” in the 17th century. Contrary to previous ideas that claimed the primacy of rationalism in this era, the two interests represent two sides of the same philosophical project. In this project the theory of the mind and the theory of emotions are two complementary aspects.
The question of forming the future in Reinhardt Koselleck’s reflections on history
Authors: Joób Kristóf
Published: December 2018

The paper addresses the problem of determinism in the philosophy of history. It explores to what extent views of history related to specific models of the philosophy of history implied the possibility of forming the future or its determinism. One of the key problems in Reinhard Koselleck’s theory of history and practice of intellectual history is the dual role of historical studies in general and of historical-political concepts in particular. In a simplified sense, this duality means a changing of roles between being an indicator and an actor. In other words, it signifies the problem of how concepts or views of history used for representing the historical-political reality of a given age have actually shaped that history themselves.
Leibniz and Law: An Overview of the Legal Dimension of Leibnitz’s Oeuvre and its Current Critical Reception
Authors: Paksy Máté
Published: December 2018

The paper expounds the legal relevance of Leibniz’ work through the lens of Leibniz’ contemporary reception. The bulk of the paper focuses on early legal work by Leibniz and some popular later texts like Monadology or Discourse from the perspective of legal issues.

The first part of the paper introduces Leibniz as a student of law and as a young lawyer. Then it compares three philosophers’ readings of Leibniz to find out if/how they considered his legal background. Next it portrays Leibniz as a classic advocate of natural law. This view refutes the possibility of reading his thinking as political theology. Finally, contemporary readings of Leibniz are surveyed that focus on the relevance of his early legal writing.
Aims of Attention: The Relation of an Idiom to Aesthetics and Terrorism
Authors: Fogarasi György
Published: December 2018

Attention aims at something as it posits some kind of focusing. At the same time it attracts attention, it is itself aimed at in certain ways. Therefore the term ‘aims of attention’ has a double meaning, indicating both an attention to something outside attention and attention to attention itself. The paper highlights these two aspects of attention in the critical literature about the relation of, on the one hand, attention and, on the other hand, terrorism and theatricality. This relation is normally represented in terms of an opposition between attention and violence. The paper aims at collapsing this opposition: by drawing on Heidegger’s term the Ge-stell, the paper surveys the violence implicit in any act/aim of attention.
Sponte sua
Authors: Kállay Géza
Published: December 2018

Tengelyi László műveiben a Husserlre, Merleau-Pontyra és követőire alapozott fenomenológia diakritikus módszerével a jelenségeket a tudatban kívánja megragadni és értelmezni. Az értelmezett jelenség az élmény terminust kapja. Az uralhatatlan, spontán – sponte sua – értelemképződésnek Tengelyi a tapasztalat elnevezést adja. A tapasztalat révén valami új keletkezik a tudatban. Ez a történetmondás egy lehetséges modellje is lehet, hiszen az értelemadás gyakran egy történetben lehetséges számunkra, legyen az a történet bármilyen rövid és egyszerű is.

Jelen tanulmányban a spontán értelemképződés (tapasztalat) és tematikus értelemadás diakritikus feszültségét Shakespeare Macbethjének történetmodelljén át mutatjuk be. Macbeth tragédiáját Tengelyi elméletének fényében úgy értelmezzük, hogy a darab során Macbeth voltaképpen ennek a spontánul képződő, hirtelen, kívülről támadó jelenésnek az értelmezésére törekszik, miközben a darab valamiképpen a Vészlények irányítása alatt álló, tényleges cselekménye ezzel állandó, folyamatos veszteségeket felvonultató feszültségben bontakozik ki.
RESIDUAL HEAT POWER REMOVAL FROM SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL DURING DRY AND WET STORAGE
Authors: Vlček Daniel
Published: December 2018

This project deals with the thermal analyses of the wet and dry storages of the spent nuclear fuel. The dry spent fuel storage sub-channel code COBRA-SFS has been used in order to calculate the temperature field. In this code, the new model of residual heat removal was created for the SKODA 1000/19 cask where the spent nuclear fuel TVSA-T type from NPP Temelin will be stored. The object of calculations was to obtain the inside temperatures under maximum loads. After that, the results were compared to the requirements of the local regulatory body. Because of the absence of experimental data, the validation of the created computational models could not be accomplished. However, according to the verification scheme of the COBRA-SFS authors, the verification of the new models was implemented.
Protekcjonizm regulacyjny we współczesnym handlu międzynarodowym
Authors: Puślecki Zdzisław W.
Published: December 2018

Celem głównym opracowania jest przedstawienie protekcjonizmu regulacyjnego zniekształcającego i ograniczającego współczesny handel międzynarodowy. Ważna jest zatem harmonizacja i wzajemne uznawanie norm szczególnie w zakresie barier technicznych i XXI wieku coraz większego znaczenia nabierają porozumienia bilateralne. Obejmują one już ponad 70% handlu zliberalizowanego. Wyraźnie zwiększyła się rola grupy G20. Zarówno WTO, jak i grupa G20 powinny wspólnie podejmować i koordynować wysiłki na rzecz zasad promujących nie tylko handel międzynarodowy państw wysoko rozwiniętych, ale rozszerzających również dostęp do rynku światowego państw rozwijających się. Poprzez wspieranie zasad handlowych w systemie globalnym wzmacniać się będzie legitymizacja funkcjonowania grupy G20, a zreformowany system światowej wymiany handlowej i zmodyfikowane zarządzanie tym systemem w ramach WTO z uwzględnieniem specyficznych interesów poszczególnych państw może przyczyniać się do dalszego dynamicznego rozwoju.
Physical Properties and Wear Comfort of Bio-Fiber-Embedded Yarns and their Knitted Fabrics According to Yarn Structures
Authors: Hyun Ah Kim , Seung Jin Kim
Published: December 2018

This study examined the physical properties of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)/Tencel/cotton air vortex yarns and the wear comfort of their knitted fabrics for high emotional garments. In fine yarn count, the initial modulus of the air vortex yarn was similar to the ring yarn because of the elastic property of the PTT fibers in the yarns. In particular, the thermal shrinkage of the air vortex yarns was higher than that of the ring yarns because of the sensible thermal shrinkage of the PTT fibers, which resulted in higher relaxation shrinkage of the air vortex knitted fabric than those of ring and compact knitted fabrics. On the basis of the wear comfort, the air vortex yarns are compatible with winter textile goods. The pilling of the air vortex knitted fabric was superior to that of the ring and compact yarns. The tactile hand of the air vortex yarn knitted fabrics was stiffer than that of the ring and compact yarn knitted fabrics. However, the harsh tactile hand of the air vortex knitted fabric was estimated to improve in the thinner fabrics by the low elastic modulus of fine yarn because of the PTT fibers in the air vortex yarns.
Patient views on understanding laboratory results
Authors: Wilkie Patricia
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the implications for laboratory staff of the technological changes enabling patients to have easy and quick access to their laboratory test results often without speaking with a health care professional. The needs of patients to receive results in easily understandable forms are described. The importance of sharing the concept of uncertainty with patients is discussed and explored including the challenges that this can create for staff.
High sensitivity, contemporary and point-of-care cardiac troponin assays: educational aids developed by the IFCC Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers
Authors: Collinson Paul O. , Saenger Amy K. , Apple Fred S. ,   on behalf of the IFCC C-CB
Published: December 2018

The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) formed a Task Force on the Application of Cardiac Bio-markers (TF-CB) in 2008, re-designated in 2018 as a committee (C-CB), to produce educational materials on cardiac biomarkers. Established in June 2017, definitive tables covering the majority of high-sensitivity, contemporary and point-of-care (POC) cTn assays have been developed by the C-CB and are available on the IFCC website. These tables provide extensive information about assays’ analytical characteristics and encompass information on diagnostic discriminants, particularly the 99th percentiles, as provided by the manufacturers.
The Impact of Multimodal Ensembles on Audio-Visual Comprehension: Implementing Vodcasts in EFL Contexts
Authors: Norte Fernández-Pacheco Natalia
Published: December 2018

The ever increasing worldwide use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) over the last decade, has not only contributed to the way people interact with each other, but also to how languages are taught and learnt. Language digital materials such as vodcasts bring together, in an innovative, attractive and motivating manner, diverse modes of communication which promote a multimodal approach of learning. This article explores the use of multimodal ensembles  in audio-visual language learning materials designed to enhance students’ comprehension. This mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study, comprised a multimodal analysis of two language learning vodcasts from the British Council, using ELAN as the main multimodal annotation tool. The data obtained from the multimodal transcription was relevant to describe the different orchestrations of modes contained in both vodcasts. From this data, two comprehension tests, based on the ensembles found, were developed to check how each ensemble could benefit language students. The results confirmed that EFL students’ audio-visual comprehension improved when there was a greater number of orchestrated modes. These findings not only emphasise the potential of multimodal materials to improve foreign language comprehension, but also encourage teachers to adapt their methods to the pervasive digital era.
Optimization and simulation analysis of structure parameters of OPCM ultrasonic longitudinal wave actuating element
Authors: Wang Ziping , Ye Yangchun , Bao Zhujie , Ge Hao
Published: December 2018

The force-electric coupling relationship of the mechanical and electrical properties of piezoelectric composites has been the main factor in the research and development of piezoelectric composites in practical application. A novel orthotropic piezoelectric composite material (OPCM) element is studied in this paper. The properties of the piezoelectric phase and the polymer phase and the influence of the geometrical dimensions of the OPCM on the longitudinal wave drive element are analyzed from the perspective of mechanics and electric power, respectively, and the structural design is optimized. This provides a theoretical basis for the development of OPCM and of new longitudinal ultrasonic phased array actuators.
Subordinativ vs. koordinativ.
Authors: Christiansen Mads
Published: December 2018

This article addresses (expanded) prenominal adjectival/participial attributes in modern German and modern Danish. Generally, German is considered more expandable in the prenominal position compared to Danish. However, this topic has never been studied sufficiently on an empirical basis. The article begins by giving a brief comparative survey of the structure of the NP in the respective languages. This is followed by a presentation of the corpus of the study, which consists of prose texts (newspaper articles). An important result of the analysis is that in German, the NP middle field frequently comprises subordinate structures, whereas in Danish, it more often comprises coordinate structures. This contrast is explained by different configurations of linguistic features (gender and number) that are conducive to framing constructions (Ronneberger-Sibold 2010ab).
Abilities, knowledge requirements and national tests in RE – The Swedish case as an example in the outcome-focused school and society of today
Authors: Osbeck Christina , Franck Olof , Lilja Annika , Sporre Karin , Tykesson Johan
Published: December 2018

The aim of this article is to present the system that governs Swedish RE in terms of curricular requirements, national tests and their outcomes, and discuss this in light of the current critical debate on an outcome-focused school, as well as the debate on the need for ‘powerful knowledge’. The debate on educational achievements and measurements can be seen from different angles. On the one hand, there are reasons to take the criticisms seriously, for instance concerning how such a focus tends to instrumentalise and superficialise knowledge and education. On the other hand, from a societal perspective, one has to ensure that all students, through their education, have opportunities to develop powerful knowledge that helps to explain the world so that school can contribute to social justice. Against such a background, the Swedish system is described as a rather strongly steering system that regulates schools through curricula but also monitors them through national tests. Through a brief presentation of empirical findings from the EthiCo project, it is shown how this system in practice limits the students’ chances of acquiring a multidimensional ethical competence and instead highlights a one-dimensional argumentative competence. Such a teaching runs the risk of reducing rather than widening students’ ethical competence.
A Precision Statement for Fatigue of Solid Round Wire
Authors: Jerina K. L. , Mitchell M. R.
Published: December 2018

ASTM E2948, Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire, is a procedure for rotating bending fatigue tests of fine wire to obtain the fatigue strength for metallic materials at a specified life in the fatigue regime where the strains are predominately and nominally linear elastic. This method is limited to the fatigue testing of small diameter solid round wire subjected to constant amplitude, completely reversed, periodic strain. The methodology can be useful in assessing the effects of inclusions, melt technique, and cold work processing. Data obtained in accordance with ASTM E2948 is subject to variability because of many factors. An inter-laboratory study (ILS) was performed to assess variability of the data and to develop a precision statement for ASTM E2948. Ten laboratories participated in the ILS. The samples consisted of two materials, Nitinol and 35N LT. Each material was supplied from a single lot from a single manufacturer. Samples were tested at three different strain amplitudes with ten replicates at each strain level. Variability of the resulting data was quantified as reproducibility limits, between laboratory variability, and repeatability limits, within laboratory variability. A precision statement for ASTM E2948 was formulated based on the reproducibility and repeatability limits determined from the inter-laboratory study. The viability of the limits is assessed with Monte Carlo simulations. Alternative methods of analysis using nonparametric statistics and bootstrap methods are discussed.
“The Time Has Arrived”: Perceptions of Behavioral Adjustments in the Context of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Availability Among Adolescents in South Africa
Authors: Giovenco Danielle , Kuo Caroline , Underhill Kristen , Hoare Jacqueline , Operario Don
Published: December 2018

Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) holds enormous potential to reduce HIV acquisition in key populations globally. We conducted an exploratory PrEP acceptability study using qualitative methodology among adolescents and service providers in the Western Cape Province of South Africa to inform future PrEP implementation challenges in South Africa and other high-prevalence African countries. Semistructured focus groups and in-depth individual interviews were conducted among 57 adolescents 16–17 years of age, living with and without HIV, and 25 clinical service providers. Adolescents and service providers expressed concerns that the availability of PrEP would lead to sexual disinhibition and a reduction in condom use among adolescents. Unexpected positive impacts included predictions that PrEP might encourage disclosure in serodiscordant partnerships and help normalize pill-taking in the community. Careful age, gender, and developmentally appropriate messaging will be needed to ensure adolescents understand partial efficacy and view PrEP as a component of combination prevention.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Acceptability Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Deng-Min , Newman Peter A.
Published: December 2018

Gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the vast majority of new HIV infections in Taiwan, yet utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low. We examined correlates of PrEP awareness and acceptability among MSM in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 176 MSM (mean age = 27.4 years) recruited through community-based organizations in two cities. Less than half of participants (47.2%) were aware of PrEP; however, when it was described to them, the majority (72.2%) indicated PrEP acceptability. In multivariable analyses, condomless anal sex was negatively associated with PrEP awareness, and higher levels of vicarious stigma and anticipated PrEP disclosure to sexual partners were positively associated with PrEP acceptability. Our findings indicate the need for targeted interventions to increase PrEP awareness among MSM engaged in high-risk behaviors and implementation strategies that address sociocultural factors to accelerate PrEP utilization among MSM in Taiwan.
Bagagens conceituais: Aboriginalidade, etnicidade e nacionalidade nas antropologias de Robert Paine e Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira
Authors: Da Silva Cristhian Teófilo
Published: December 2018

Este artigo aborda os trabalhos de dois antropólogos, Robert Paine (1926-2010) e Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira (1928-2006), para analisar qual perspectiva ambos construíram para fazer antropologia fora dos contextos nacionais onde atuaram inicialmente. No caso de Paine, acompanharemos o movimento dos conceitos de aboriginalidade e autenticidade em perspectiva comparada pelo mundo imperial britânico, enquanto Cardoso de Oliveira irá “transculturar” suas reflexões seminais sobre ideologias étnicas desenvolvidas entre os povos indígenas para a Catalunha na Europa. Ambos casos implicam reposicionamentos ou viagens conceituais do sentido comum de “etnicidade” como tropo demarcador das alteridades não-ocidentais entre as bordas do continente americano e as fronteiras da Europa.
Neuronal Correlations in MT and MST Impair Population Decoding of Opposite Directions of Random Dot Motion
Authors: Chaplin Tristan A. , Hagan Maureen A. , Allitt Benjamin J. , Lui Leo L.
Published: December 2018

The study of neuronal responses to random-dot motion patterns has provided some of the most valuable insights into how the activity of neurons is related to perception. In the opposite directions of motion paradigm, the motion signal strength is decreased by manipulating the coherence of random dot patterns to examine how well the activity of single neurons represents the direction of motion. To extend this paradigm to populations of neurons, studies have used modelling based on data from pairs of neurons, but several important questions require further investigation with larger neuronal datasets. We recorded neuronal populations in the middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas of anaesthetized marmosets with electrode arrays, while varying the coherence of random dot patterns in two opposite directions of motion (left and right). Using the spike rates of simultaneously recorded neurons, we decoded the direction of motion at each level of coherence with linear classifiers. We found that the presence of correlations had a detrimental effect to decoding performance, but that learning the correlation structure produced better decoding performance compared to decoders that ignored the correlation structure. We also found that reducing motion coherence increased neuronal correlations, but decoders did not need to be optimized for each coherence level. Finally, we showed that decoder weights depend of left-right selectivity at 100% coherence, rather than the preferred direction. These results have implications for understanding how the information encoded by populations of neurons is affected by correlations in spiking activity.
Activation of 5-HT1A Receptors Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Function by Inhibiting the cAMP-PKA Pathway to Modulate Presynaptic GABA Release in Chronic Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Xujiao , Zhang Rong , Zhang Shenghai , Wu Jihong , Sun Xinghuai
Published: December 2018

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor agonists are neuroprotective in CNS injury models. However, the neuroprotective functional implications and synaptic mechanism of 8-hydroxy-2- (di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a serotonin receptor (5-HT1A) agonist, in an adult male Wistar rat model of chronic glaucoma model remain unknown. We found that ocular hypertension decreased 5-HT1A receptor expression in rat retinas because the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was significantly reduced in rats with induced ocular hypertension relative to that in control retinas and 8-OH-DPAT enhanced the RGC viability. The protective effects of 8-OH-DPAT were blocked by intravitreal administration of the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 or the selective GABAAreceptor antagonist SR95531. Using patch-clamp techniques, spontaneous and miniature GABAergic IPSCs (sIPSCs and mIPSCs, respectively) of RGCs in rat retinal slices were recorded. 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of GABAergic sIPSCs and mIPSCs in ON- and OFF-type RGCs. Among the signaling cascades mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor, the role of cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling was investigated. The 8-OH-DPAT-induced changes at the synaptic level were enhanced by PKA inhibition by H-89 and blocked by PKA activation with bucladesine. Furthermore, the density of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA)/PKA was significantly increased in glaucomatous retinas and 8-OH-DPAT significantly decreased p-PKA/PKA expression, which led to the inhibition of PKA phosphorylation upon relieving neurotransmitter GABA release. These results showed that the activation of 5-HT1A receptors in retinas facilitated presynaptic GABA release functions by suppressing cAMP-PKA signaling and decreasing PKA phosphorylation, which could lead to the de-excitation of RGC circuits and suppress excitotoxic processes in glaucoma.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found that serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the retina (5-HT1A receptors) were downregulated after intraocular pressure elevation. Patch-clamp recordings demonstrated differences in the frequencies of miniature GABAergic IPSCs (mIPSCs) in ON- and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and RGCs in normal and glaucomatous retinal slices. Therefore, phosphorylated protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition upon release of the neurotransmitter GABA was eliminated by 8-hydroxy-2- (di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), which led to increased levels of GABAergic mIPSCs in ON- and OFF-type RGCs, thus enhancing RGC viability and function. These protective effects were blocked by the GABAAreceptor antagonist SR95531 or the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635. This study identified a novel mechanism by which activation of 5-HT1A receptors protects damaged RGCs via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway that modulates GABAergic presynaptic activity.
Attention Enhances the Efficacy of Communication in V1 Local Circuits
Authors: Hembrook-Short Jacqueline R. , Mock Vanessa L. , Usrey W. Martin , Briggs Farran
Published: December 2018

Attention is a critical component of visual perception; however, the mechanisms of attention at the granular level are poorly understood. One possible mechanism by which attention modulates neuronal activity is to control the efficacy of communication between connected neurons; however, it is unclear whether attention alters communication efficacy across a variety of neuronal circuits. In parallel, attentional modulation of neuronal firing rate is not uniform but depends upon the match between neuronal feature selectivity and the feature required for successful task completion. Here we tested whether modulation of communication efficacy is a viable mechanism of attention by assessing whether it is consistent across a variety of neuronal circuits and dependent upon the type of information conveyed in each circuit. We identified monosynaptically connected pairs of V1 neurons through cross-correlation of neuronal spike trains recorded in adult female macaque monkeys performing attention-demanding contrast-change detection tasks. Attention toward the stimulus in the receptive field of recorded neurons significantly facilitated the efficacy of communication among connected pairs of V1 neurons. The amount of attentional enhancement depended upon neuronal physiology, with larger facilitation for circuits conveying information about task-relevant features. Furthermore, presynaptic activity was more determinant of attentional enhancement of communication efficacy than postsynaptic activity, and feedforward local circuits often displayed the largest facilitation with attention. Together, these findings highlight attentional modulation of communication efficacy as a generalized mechanism of attention and demonstrate that attentional modulation at the granular level depends on the relevance of feature-specific information conveyed by neuronal circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow we pay attention to objects and locations in the visual environment has a profound impact on visual perception. Individual neurons in the visual cortex are similarly regulated by shifts in visual attention; however, the rules that govern whether and how attention alters neuronal activity are not known. In this study, we explored whether attention regulates communication between connected pairs of neurons in the primary visual cortex. We observed robust attentional facilitation of communication among these circuits. Furthermore, the extent to which the circuits were facilitated by attention depended on whether the information they conveyed was relevant for the particular attention task.
Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) position statement on the use of biosimilar insulin
Authors: Jayagopal Vijay , Drummond Russell , Nagi Dinesh
Published: December 2018

Biosimilar insulins have the potential to offer the NHS a considerable cost saving. The acceptability and use of biosimilar insulin by clinicians and patients may, however, be limited by lack of experience, understanding and concerns about safety and tolerability. This article summarises information on the advantages and disadvantages of using biosimilar insulins and an overview of the published evidence in relation to efficacy, tolerability and safety of current and expected Biosimilar Insulins. The position of the ABCD on the use of Biosimilar Insulin is stated along with the key practical considerations for healthcare staff involved in insulin prescription and administration.
Findings of a nationwide survey of the diabetes education and training needs of midwives in the UK
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Huw Alban Davies , Bennett Shelley , Goodchild Anne , Hugason-Briem Julia , Johnson Gail , Kitt Abigail , Schreiner Annette , Todd Diane , Yiallorous Jennifer
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing in pregnant women. Midwives manage a substantial proportion of care of these women. Currently it is notknown whether midwives have sufficient competence in managing these patients well. The Diabetes Care Trust commissioned a survey to assess the diabetes education and training needs of midwives who look after pregnant women with diabetes.Material and methods: A freedom of information request was made to all the NHS Trusts in the UK to gather relevant information about the roles and responsibilities of midwives in thematernity units in the UK. This was followed by a Survey Monkey questionnaire to midwives in the UK who are members of the Royal College of Midwives to assess their education and training level, needs, desires and views preceded by a test survey on nine midwives.Results: The survey revealed considerable variation in the roles and responsibilities, current levels of training and education needs of midwives. Over 85% of midwives expressed a desire to access additional education on diabetes management in different areas. Training in insulin initiation and titration, management during labour and ability to contribute to the antenatal clinic was desired by over 85% of midwives surveyed. Conclusions: There is an unmet need for structured education and training programmes for midwives in the management of diabetes in pregnancy. We recommend further work in producing tailored and accredited training programmes at different levels to suit the differing needs of midwives and diabetes specialist midwives in the UK.
Utjecaj smještajnih jedinica na posjećenost NP Plitvička jezera
Authors: Jerić Marijana
Published: December 2018

U ovome radu provedeno je istraživanje o utjecaju smještajnih jedinica na posjećenost NP Plitvička jezera, odnosno analiza o postojanju kauzalnog odnosa nezavisnih varijabli noćenja domaćih gostiju u hotelima Jezero, Plitvice i Bellevue, noćenja stranih gostiju u hotelima Jezero, Plitvice i Bellevue, noćenja domaćih gostiju u hotelu Macola, noćenja stranih gostiju u hotelu Macola, noćenja domaćih gostiju u privatnom smještaju i noćenja stranih gostiju u privatnom smještaju sa zavisnom varijablom broj posjetitelja NP Plitvička jezera za razdoblje od 2007. do 2017. godine za ukupno pet mjeseci od svibnja do rujna. Rezultati provedene analize ukazuju na to da veliku važnost u procjeni broja posjetitelja nacionalnog parka imaju sljedeće determinante: broj noćenja stranih gostiju u hotelu Macola, noćenja domaćih gostiju u privatnom smještaju i noćenja stranih gostiju u privatnom smještaju. U kombinaciji s rezultatima prijašnjih istraživanja donesen je zaključak da smještaj ima ključnu ulogu u posjećenosti nacionalnog parka.