bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training political reporters during a federal election: The UniPollWatch student journalism project
Authors: Dodd Andrew , English Peter , Lidberg Johan , Newlands Maxine
Published: August 2021

UniPollWatch was the largest student journalism project ever undertaken in Australia. Approximately 1000 students from 28 universities worked to cover the 2016 federal election. The project aimed to provide effective training on political reporting in a work-integrated learning environment. Utilising a combination of analysis and descriptions of the project and a survey research methodology, the results of this project suggest that by placing student reporters in the midst of a fluid and highly contested election environment they learn by observing and doing. The project demonstrated that students’ attitudes to, and aptitude for, covering politics varied greatly, but that the skills needed for political reporting can be improved through projects such as UniPollWatch.
The image of a romantic hero in the Kazakh epic
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Azibayeva B.U.
Published: August 2021

Folklore is a historical phenomenon: it undergoes transformations, changes in terms of the spiritual needs of society. In the course of the historical development of folklore, some genres may disappear, and others may appear. In the process of progressive development of society, new ideals emerge, new spiritual and cultural values are formed, new heroes are created and glorified, who personify these ideals and values and put them into practice. In the epic works, two dominant ideas can be distinguished and, accordingly, two types of characters that implement them. The first is the idea of protecting the Homeland, the second is the idea of happiness, freedom and harmony, the aspiration for which is eternal features of the human beings. These are original, eternal, and global ideas. The first idea in the epics is personified and implemented by the batyr. The second - by the faithful lover, i.e. romantic character. The image of the batyr is developed in the archaic, heroic and historical epic, and the image of the faithful lover - in the romance epic. In the Kazakh epic, the classic image of a lover was first created in the romantic epic “Kozy Korpesh - Bayan Sulu”. Based on the real events, love stories of Kozy and Bayan in the process of oral existence were added by new episodes, motifs, systematized and made a whole plot, which later in the era of the Kypchak Khanate (X-XI c.) began developing in the spirit of the romantic epic about love. Talented akyns, representatives of the clans and tribes who originally lived within Desht-Kypchak, and had related by origin, language, faith, worldview, culture, shared history, felt themselves as one community and later formed the Kazakh ethnic group. It is noteworthy that during the same period, written love poems were written in Persian written literature, and later in European literature. In other words, in communities belonging to different types of cultures (sedentary and sedentary-nomadic), with different socio-economic and political systems, similar cultural and spiritual processes took place in the same historical period. Representatives of the settled-nomadic culture - akyns Desht-i Kipchak created their oral creations, and the the representatives of the written culture - in writing. The appearance of works glorifying the romantic character, love and universal humanistic ideals and principles, testifies the positive, progressive changes in the society.
WORDS OF ANCESTORS – MASTERPIECES OF KAZAKH WORD ART
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Auyesbayeva P. T. , Albekov T. K. ,   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Alpysbayeva K. B. ,   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: August 2021

The article highlights the issues of scientific preparation and publication of the 100- volumes of Kazakh folklore "Word ancestors", published in the period 2004-2013, including issues of genre classification of folklore texts, principles of selection and preparation of each volume, as well as the place of this priceless spiritual heritage in the world’s culture. Kazakh folklore – is a syncretic literary art, originating from ancient times and representing folk art-aesthetic, philosophical, moral and ethical outlook. In recent years, scientific editions of folk literature, publications for children and a wide range of readers have been published, that had been collected from numerous handwritten patterns of folklore creativity which is an invaluable spiritual heritage people. At the same time we should mention that folklore collections published in the 90th - early 2000 s, covered only a small part of the rich folk heritage of Kazakhs. One of the main reasons for this was the pro-communist ideology of the Soviet political system that prevented from the development of national cultures. For this reason, hundreds of folklore religious works, works with the sence of some ethnic patriotism, freedom and independence have not been included into scientific turn over and library circulation. However those works that have been published in the Soviet period, underwent censorship and abbreviations. The main purpose of the publication was the idea of demonstrating not only the richness of Kazakh folk literature, but also implementation of publication in accordance with modern requirements of philological science, also it was important to visibly show the antiquity of the origin of national culture.
Maria Lizogub’s painting and tendencies in Women Art in Kazakhstan Authors D.S.Sharipova
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sharipova D.S.
Published: August 2021

This article examines the phenomenon of Women Art in Kazakhstan of the XX century. The analysis of the works of Maria Lizogub allows researcher to describe the specific nature of Kazakh women's painting. Analyzing the personality of artist, her creative path, author reveals the style of the works and their importance for the development of national tendencies in art. The artist was able to overcome the barriers of gender inequality declaring herself as the leading representative in the art of Kazakhstan. At the same time, making an accent on the woman’s huge spiritual potential, she comprehended her as a keeper of hearth and home and the patriarchal way of life. This duality consists in the issue of identification processes when the representation of female interacted with ethnic and cultural self-determination.
Philological analysis of flash fiction by Chingiz Aitmatov
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhapparkulova K.N.
Published: August 2021

The philological analysis of a literary text is based on literary and linguistic investigations. Any element of the philological analysis is significant in a literary text. Though a lesser researched area of his work, the flash fiction of Chingiz Aitmatov for the first time reflected many themes and motives that were further developed in the genre of the novel. The problem-conceptual analysis of his stories and essays, the originality of style and poetics – lead to the comprehension of the creative personality of the writer. At the center of our literary research are the stories Aitmatov devoted to the Great Patriotic War, one of the main topics of literature of the twentieth century. The leading theme in them is the love of the motherland. The problems of the heroic principle in the typical character, the internal moral strength of the hero are most strongly, figuratively and accurately revealed in the flash fiction of Aitmatov, which is characterized by deep psychologism, attention to details and the inner world of the characters. For the philological analysis of the text, the genre of the work, architectonics, narrative structure and intertextual relations are of particular importance.
SACRED CONCEPTS CONCERNING COWS IN KAZAKH FOLKLORE
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nabiolla N.
Published: August 2021

From ancient times our people, who grazed four food animals, believed that they had an owner. The owners of the four food animals were considered to be their "ancestors" or "peers". That is why he gave them a mythical character. He leaned on his holy ancestors and asked them to help him. He wished them well and wished them well. He thought that only then he could have cattle. That is why various rituals and ceremonies have come to everyone. Currently in the country spread a lot of myths, indicating that the cow was the cow skorlupok animal. Special attention was paid to cattle, including bull. Even the purpose of the human earth that applies to spelled. He was known in myths as the blue bull, sometimes the blue bull, which was known in folklore with special vividness. This is mostly associated with myths about the injury of the earth. In the mythology of the peoples of the world say that the earth put on, fish, elephant (for the concept of the ancient Indians), snake Cotes, the myth, widespread among the peoples of Turkic origin, including among Kazakh people put on the surface of the blue ox, and sometimes on a blue bull to pick it up. He draws attention to the myths of the bull or bull and one case depends on the blue bull. In General, the blue color has a special property, for example, "blue Bor", "blue bull", etc. "Blue" is formed from mythical concepts: " blue sky","bull of the blue God". In this regard, it should be noted that in nomadic life, it became the first cargo transport.
The story of the collection of the epic «Er Saiyn»
Authors:   M.O. Auezova Institute of Literature and Art, Alamty, Kazakhstan, Alpysbaeva K.B. , Oralbek A. ,   M.O. Auezova Institute of Literature and Art, Alamty, Kazakhstan
Published: August 2021

One of the genres of our national folklore which has rich content - is a heroic epic. We will focus on the epic "Er Saiyn". It is one of the oldest and highly artistic Kazakh heroic epics that have survived to the present day. The plot basis of it is chanting of national unity, people's heroism. Research object of our study is the analysis of the history of «Er Sayin».
Artistic use of archival data in Darkhan Kydyrali's "Mustafa" fiction
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Batyr N. Zh.
Published: August 2021

In the article describes the features of the use of archival data in the publicistic work of «Mustafa» by writer and researcher Darkhan Kydyrali. How the author uses historical data in the work is analyzed in detail. The article analyzes the similarities and differences of publicistic work and literary works, as well as defines these terms. The article focuses on the stylistic features of the author.
KAZAKH-AMERICAN LITERARY COOPERATION:DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS AND CULTURAL TRANSFER
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ananyeva S.V.
Published: August 2021

The subject of this article is the newest period of Kazakh-American literary cooperation in the historical and literary perspective. The author aims to provide a summary of modern Kazakh-American literary contacts, popularization and promotion of the model of national cultural development, national cultural code and Kazakh literature in the United States. Defining international literature connections in the modern comparative studies is important as it helps to understand the specifics and awareness of the deep processes in Kazakh and American literature, allows to observe the dynamics of their development and to reveal the mechanism of inheritance and the change of traditions, as well as accumulation of artistic values. The novelty of this article is conditioned by systematization of fragmentary facts of a descriptive nature in the field of Kazakh-American literary connections and the newest period of studying Kazakh-American literary cooperation, revealing new phenomena, world trends and innovations in the system of literary and cultural contacts. The analysis of different levels of literary interaction – from contact links to the identification of genetic and historical typological convergence – allows to discover regular phenomena in the development of the literatures of two countries and provide scientific justification for their comprehensive comprehension in terms of multiculturalism. Multicultural feature (cultural diversity) and multiculturalism are important in the US and Kazakhstan literatures as a set of theories and practices for understanding the new situation. The modern author is open to worldwide cultural experiences perceived by him through cultural experience of his own nation. Literature connections and collaboration in different historical periods have their one development algorithm and level of intensity. Literatures of USA and Kazakhstan today experience a special development dynamics. Self-identification and dialogue are the main categories of modern literature connections.
Yakub Kolas and Kazakh literature
Authors:   State literary-memorial Yakub Kolas Museum, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Kryzhevich A.S.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the connections between the classic of Belarusian literature Yakub Kolas and some Kazakh writers. These connections are traced with the help of the collection materials of the State Literary and Memorial Museum of Yakub Kolas, and the creative activity and life paths of Belarusian and Kazakh writers are also analyzed. The acquaintance of Yakub Kolas with the classics of Kazakh literature Sabit Mukanov and Mukhtar Auezov is described in detail, and their creative paths and significance for their peoples are compared. Attention is especially focused on the similarity of social and political activities and literary creativity (military poems, autobiographical novels) by Sabit Mukanov and Yakub Kolas. Possible ways of developing cooperation between museums established in honor of Kazakh writers and the literary museum of the classic of Belarusian literature are noted.The connection with Kazakhstan of the national poet of Belarus during the Great Patriotic War is also not overlooked, as are the translations of the works of Yakub Kolas into the Kazakh language. The material also contains an attempt to analyze the degree of popularity of the Belarusian classic Yakub Kolas among the Kazakh creative intelligentsia. It can be assumed that the congratulatory address and personal gifts from Kazakh writers are evidence of the recognition, respect and certain fame of Yakub Kolas in the spaces of the Kazakh steppe.
Colonial discourse in the novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov “White ship” expressed through dichotomy
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Arukenova O.
Published: August 2021

This article explores a novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov mostly famous under the title «White ship» regarding the semantic layers encoded in a dichotomy inherent in the mentality of Middle Asia ethnic groups. Texts created in Soviet times by representatives of Turkic culture on the border of a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle still need proper interpretation in terms of colonial discourse and a strategy for encoding meanings in the era of ideological censorship. The novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov has been analyzed in the article with use of literary psychoanalysis and intertextuality, the semantic layers of the work are considered in the aspect of ontological dichotomy. This paper traces how the author realizes his plan by contrasting mythological thinking and the colonial repressive system. The article reveals the function of the motive of fatherlessness and orphan hood, common in the works of Soviet authors and explores the role of the cruel state-superego-father, which destroy cultural identity and the spiritual origin of ethnos, replacing them with unification and facelessness. The mixture of subject and object, live and dead, past and future in the story form dichotomies of different levels and order, breaking the vacuum of the present: an orphaned boy without name, his grandfather as if from the mythological past, the white ship and a fairy tale without end.
Hospitalized patients co-diagnosed with infective endocarditis and opioid drug dependence in Florida, 2015-2018
Authors: Litvintchouk Alexander , Bilello Lori , Smotherman Carmen , Bull Katryn Lukens
Published: August 2021

Objective: As the opioid addiction epidemic continues to grow, other serious health issues regarding drug use has also increased. This study examines the trends in admissions and population characteristics of those who experience infective endocarditis with opioid drug dependence.Methods: We used ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes to identify patients admitted to a hospital with infective endocarditis and with a secondary diagnosis of opioid use related disorders using data released by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA). Data included age, gender, ethnicity, race, discharge disposition, admission type, payer status, total charges, and zip code of patients’ residence.Results: During the four-year period, the percent of patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis and a diagnosis code associated with opioid abuse or dependence doubled (4.48% to 8.52%). Of the patients dually diagnosed, the mean age was 37.47 and the majority were white (90.78%), non-Hispanic (91.96%), and female (58.55%). Nearly 47% of the patients did not have health insurance. The percentage of patients with both diagnosis codes living in urban counties was 91.37%. Median length of stay was 10 days and median total charges for patients was $101,604.Conclusions: With the increasing incidence of opioid dependence and addiction within the United States, there is a rise in infective endocarditis, a costly and debilitating disease. Our analysis provides the framework for hospital systems to identify patients who may benefit from addiction services, which through downstream effects will cause less of a health and financial burden.
Fitting Compound Archimedean Copulas to Data for Modeling Electricity Demand
Authors: Kelner Moshe , Landsman Zinoviy , Makov Udi E.
Published: August 2021

Modeling dependence between random variables is accomplished effectively by using copula functions. Practitioners often rely on the single parameter Archimedean family which contains a large number of functions, exhibiting a variety of dependence structures. In this work we propose the use of the multiple-parameter compound Archimedean family, which extends the original family and allows more elaborate dependence structures. In particular, we use a copula of this type to model the dependence structure between the minimum daily electricity demand and the maximum daily temperature. It is shown that the compound Archimedean copula enhances the flexibility of the dependence structure and provides a better

fit to the data.
2021/15 The concept of ‘establishment’ in the context of collective redundancies (AT)
Authors: Tinhofer Andreas , Blatnig Markus
Published: August 2021

2021/15 The concept of ‘establishment’ in the context of collective redundancies (AT)

In the context of collective redundancies the term ‘establishment’ (Betrieb) must be interpreted in compliance with the Collective Redundancies Directive 98/59/EC (the ‘Directive’). The early warning mechanism of Section 45a of the Austrian Labour Market Promotion Act (Arbeitsmarktförderungsgesetz, ‘AMFG’) is only triggered if the number of the planned redundancies reaches a relevant threshold in an establishment. In the present case the stores in question were qualified as separate establishments within the meaning of Section 45a AMFG.
2021/23 Crowdworking: An occupation between self-employment and dependence (GE)
Authors: Gorontzi Katharina , Voigt Jana
Published: August 2021

2021/23 Crowdworking: An occupation between self-employment and dependence (GE)

The German Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, ‘BAG’) has ruled that the user of an online platform (‘crowdworker’) who takes on so-called ‘microjobs’ on the basis of a framework agreement concluded with the platform operator (‘crowdsourcer’) can be an employee of the crowdsourcer. This applies in a case where the framework agreement is aimed at a repeated acceptance of such microjobs. The decisive factor is whether the crowdworker performs work that is subject to instructions and is determined by third parties in the context of the actual performance of the contractual relationship. The name of the contract is irrelevant. One assumes an employment relationship if the crowdsourcer controls the collaboration via an online platform operated by them in such a way that the crowdworker cannot freely shape their activity in terms of place, time and content.
Restorative justice in schools: examining participant satisfaction and its correlates
Authors: Walsh John Patrick , Cwick Jaclyn , Gerkin Patrick , Sheffer Joshua
Published: August 2021

Restorative justice in schools: examining participant satisfaction and its correlates

Schools in the United States are implementing restorative justice practices that embrace student responsibility and reintegration to replace the zero-tolerance exclusionary policies popularised in the 1980s and 1990s. However, little is known about what factors are related to these and other restorative outcomes. The present study utilises 2017-2018 survey data (n = 1,313) across five West Michigan schools to determine how participant and restorative circle characteristics contribute to participant satisfaction within ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Findings show that several characteristics of restorative circles, including the number of participants, time spent in the restorative circle, number of times respondents have participated in a circle, and whether an agreement was reached, are significantly related to participant satisfaction. In addition, gender and participant role interact to have a significant effect on satisfaction. And models disaggregated by incident type indicate that the interaction between race and participant role has a significant effect on satisfaction, but only among restorative circles involving friendship issues. Suggestions for future research, as well as strategies aimed at improving participant satisfaction within restorative circles, are discussed.
The Issue of “Outer Mongolia” at the United Nations in 1946-1961 :
Authors: Tsedendamba Batbayar
Published: August 2021

The article explores the aspects of the interaction between the USSR and the USA on the issue of “Outer Mongolia” as it was called within the United Nations at the first stage of the Cold War. The author divided the issue of “Outer Mongolia” at the UN during that period into three periods: the first period from 1946 to 1948, the second period from 1950 to1953, i.e. during the Korean war, the final, third one from 1955 to 1961. The author shows how the manipulation of the United Nations by the great powers in their own political interests impeded the settlement of the global issues and postponed admission of the countries such as Mongolian People’s Republic (so called Outer Mongolia) to the UN for many years. The admission to the UN for Mongolia was a matter of national pride as a sovereign nation, and gaining legitimacy in the world affairs and building a reputation in the international arena. The nature of the dialogue between Moscow and Washington played a key role in solving global and regional issues, and aspirations of small countries like the Mongolian People’s Republic had a negligible weight in international affairs.

 

НҮБ-д Монголын асуудлыг хэлэлцсэн нь (1946-1961 он): БНМАУ-ын гишүүнчлэлийн асуудлаарх ЗХУ, АНУ-ын байр суурийн хувьсал өөрчлөлт

Хураангуй: Тус өгүүлэлд “Хүйтэн дайн”-ы нөхцөлд НҮБ дахь Монголын асуудлаар ЗХУ, АНУ зэрэг их гүрнүүдийн байр суурь, тэдний зөрчил, сөргөлдөөн, эвлэрлийн уялдаа холбоог авч үзэх болно. Зохиогч НҮБ-д Монголын элссэн түүхэн үйл явцыг гурван үед буюу 1946-1948 оны эхний үе, 1950-1953 оны Солонгосын дайны үе, 1955-1961 оны НҮБ-д элссэн төгсгөлийн үе хэмээн задлан авч үзэв. “Хүйтэн дайны” үед их гүрнүүд Нэгдсэн Үндэстний байгууллагыг өөрсдийн улс төрийн зорилгод дур зоргоор ашиглаж байсан нь олон улсын маргаантай асуудлыг шийдвэрлэхэд саад болж, БНМАУ зэрэг орнуудыг НҮБ-д элсэх асуудлыг олон жилээр хойш татаж байв. БНМАУ-ын хувьд НҮБ-д элсэх нь туурга тусгаар улсын үндэсний бахархал, хууль ёсны эрхээ хүлээн зөвшөөрүүлэх, олон улсын нэр хүндээ өсгөх ач холбогдолтой байлаа. Тэр нөхцөлд Москва, Вашингтон хоорондын яриа хэлэлцээний шинж чанар нь глобаль болон бүс нутгийн асуудлыг шийдвэрлэхэд гол хүчин зүйл болж ирсэн бөгөөд жижиг орны хүсэл эрмэлзэл олон улсын хэрэгт тэр болгон үр нөлөөтэй байж чадахгүй байв.

Түлхүүр үгс: НҮБ, ЗХУ, АНУ, “хүйтэн дайн”, БНМАУ-ын гишүүнчлэл, Гоминьданы Хятадын вето эрх
The settlement of anthropogenic water-bodies of Silesia by Ferrissia clessiniana (Jickeli)
Authors: Strzelec Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

In last two decades Ferrissia clessiniana (Jickeli, 1802) was observed in anthropogenic water-bodies in Silesia (Southern Poland). Formerly this species was found only in Western and Central Poland. In Silesia it settles the subsidence ponds, sand- and gravel-pits and dam reservoirs, where lives mostly in the rush belts. In the absence of vegetation F. clessiniana inhabits the stones, covered with periphyton layer, and the remains of decayed water-plants and leaves of waterside trees. Never forms the dense populations.
Evaluation of the Use of Caffeine Citrate Maintenance Doses >5 mg/kg/day in Preterm Neonates for Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Salemi Laura A. , Sahlstrom Anna L. , Lim Sin Yin , Johnson Peter N. , Dannaway Douglas , Miller Jamie L.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Caffeine citrate doses >5 mg/kg/day are frequently used for apnea of prematurity. The primary objective was identification of patients maintained on 5 mg/kg/day (Group 1). Secondary objectives included identification of patients requiring dose increases: 7.5 mg/kg every 24 hours (Group 2), 10 mg/kg every 24 hours (Group 3), and 5 mg/kg every 12 hours (Group 4); comparison of demographics and clinical characteristics; and identification of patients requiring dose adjustments owing to caffeine-associated tachycardia.

METHODS

Retrospective study of neonates born between 23 to <31 weeks' gestation, receiving caffeine between January 1, 2015, and July 31, 2019. Patients receiving caffeine <1 week, initial maintenance dose >5 mg/kg/day, or with congenital abnormalities were excluded. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed, with a p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Overall, 281 patients were included, with 99 (35.2%) in Group 1; 56 (19.9%) in Group 2; 47 (16.7%) in Group 3; and 79 (28.1%) in Group 4. Significant differences in gestational age were noted, with Group 3 and 4 patients being more premature than Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Dose increases occurred at a median postnatal age and postmenstrual age of 13.0 days and 31.4 weeks in Group 2; 17.0 days and 30.3 weeks in Group 3; and 16.0 days and 30.1 weeks in Group 4. Significant differences were noted for development of tachycardia requiring dose adjustment, with Groups 3 and 4 having the highest percentage (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Two-thirds received caffeine citrate doses >5 mg/kg/day, with 44% receiving 10 mg/kg/day. Further exploration is necessary to determine the optimal PNA or PMA for dose adjustments.
Enalapril and Acute Kidney Injury in a Hypertensive Premature Newborn – Should It Be Used or Not?
Authors: Kanic Zlatka , Kanic Vojko , Hojnik Tina
Published: August 2021

Extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight ≤1000 g) have a significantly lower nephron number. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is usually sufficient under normal conditions but is unable to meet the needs during stress, which results in acute kidney injury (AKI). We describe the case of an extremely low birth weight infant (970 g) with a gestational age of 27 weeks (immature preterm) who was mechanically ventilated because of hyaline membrane disease. AKI with anuria and a rise in serum creatinine to 3.4 mg/dL developed in the second week. Diuresis was restored after diuretics and dopamine were administered intravenously and kidney function recovered in the next two weeks. However, he slowly became hypertensive, so intravenous enalapril was introduced in the 6th week. After the third dose, he suffered another AKI. After cessation of enalapril, kidney function recovered over the next few days. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) may cause kidney injury, it can be used with great caution in the treatment of hypertension or heart failure in preterm infants. There remains a real dilemma of whether enalapril should be used in extremely low birth weight immature infants.
Liver, Renal, and Cardiovascular Failure After Unintentional Overdose of Tizanidine in a 2-Year-Old Child
Authors: Vila Jorgina , Morgenstern Andrés , Vendrell Lourdes , Ortega Juan , Danés Imma
Published: August 2021

Tizanidine is a central alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of spasticity in adults; however, its use in the pediatric population is considered off-label. In adults, the dose is gradually titrated until the desired reduction in muscle tone is achieved. Hypotension is a frequent adverse effect, but impaired liver function is not characteristic of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist overdose. We report a 2-year-old male affected with spastic quadriplegia (treated with clonazepam and tizanidine) and dysphagia (he was fed by nasogastric tube). Two days before admission caregivers ran out of clonazepam so they increased the tizanidine dose from 0.15 mg/kg/day to 1.6 mg/kg/day. Simultaneously his nasogastric tube fell out; therefore, he was unable to maintain proper oral nutrition and hydration. He presented to the emergency department hemodynamically unstable, with impaired consciousness and signs of severe dehydration. Blood tests revealed hepatic dysfunction without cholestasis and renal dysfunction. He was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. Treatment was mainly supportive, apart from tizanidine discontinuation. Metabolic and infectious diseases were ruled out so he was finally diagnosed as having liver, renal, and cardiovascular failure after tizanidine overdose, worsened by dehydration. His clinical status improved, and after 3 weeks he was discharged from the hospital, receiving clonidine instead of tizanidine to treat spasticity. Tizanidine overdose can result in serious complications that can be worsened because of patient comorbidities.
Syngas derived from catalytic gasification of fine coal waste using Indonesian potential catalyst
Authors: Faizal Muhammad , Aprianti Nabila , Said Muhammad , Nasir Subriyer
Published: August 2021

Fine coal waste from the coal mining process has not been used as clean energy even though the amount is very abundant in the world. The conversion of fine coal to syngas is a new way to increase the value of fine coal. Syngas composition, gas ratio, gasification efficiency, and heating value of syngas have been determined under various conditions of temperature (550-750 °C) and bentonite catalyst ratio (0-0.25). The results indicate that fine coal is the suitable raw material for the gasification process. The increase in temperature has increased the volume percentage of H2. At the highest temperature (750 °C), the gas composition consists of 42.6 vol% H2, 19.1vol% CO, 19.5 vol% CH4, and 7.9vol% CO2. The best performance was achieved when the catalyst/feed ratio is 0.25 with the gas composition of 54.3vol% H2, 26.2vol% CO, 23.8 vol% CH4, and 3.5vol% CO2, heating value and gasification efficiency were 19.72 MJ/Nm3 and 72.27% at 750 °C.
Histórias de Babad: Narrativas Balinesas recriadas em cena
Authors: Amanajás Igor de Almeida , Soares Marília Vieira
Published: August 2021

As narrativas do dança-drama topeng balinês retratam crônicas históricas e mitológicas dos tempos em que Bali esteve sob influência do império Majapahit (1293-1520) e durante a migração da corte javanesa para a ilha. Relatam o cotidiano e os grandes feitos dos antigos reis balineses e javaneses bem como suas relações com a aristocracia, as fundações de vilarejos e o desenvolvimento de genealogias. Mas que narrativas seriam essas e como os artistas balineses transportam sua história e mitos para a cena dramática? Esse estudo traz à baila quatro crônicas de babad e analisa a transposição de um deles para o momento da performance na qualidade de exemplo.
Performatividade e simulacro: A performance cênica como acontecimento e sua reprodução
Authors: Munhoz Marcelo Puppi
Published: August 2021

Este artigo examina a performatividade da reprodução da performance cênica através de uma revisão bibliográfica que passa, inicialmente, pelo estabelecimento de um paralelo entre a noção austiana de performativo e o conceito deleuziano de acontecimento. A análise segue através de ajustes propostos por Fischer-Lichte, Goffman, Butler e Colling para localizar de forma mais distinta a potência performativa na performance cênica presencial. Finalmente, procura-se destacar uma potência correspondente no contexto da reprodução das performances cênicas recorrendo à positividade do conceito de simulacro proposta por Deleuze e comentadores.
Isolados, ma(i)s conectados
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana Lazzari de , Recio Liliana Perez , Balardim Paulo
Published: August 2021

O texto apresenta a edição no. 24 da Móin-Móin - Revista de Estudos Sobre Teatro de Formas Animadas, com o tema Experiências de formação no ciberespaço e processos criativos em isolamento social. Para tanto, levanta as questões lançadas como provocação aos autores desta chamada e faz um breve relato da migração das atividades do Programa de Extensão Formação Profissional no Teatro Catarinense, no qual a edição da revista está inserida, para o modo virtual.
Processos artísticos e pedagógicos para o teatro de animação no ciberespaço
Authors: Medeiros Fábio Henrique Nunes
Published: August 2021

O texto apresenta um compartilhamento de experiências e indagações teórico-práticas sobre processos artísticos e pedagógicos para o teatro de animação no ciberespaço, desenvolvidos tanto no ambiente pedagógico convencional (disciplina de Teatro de animação na Faculdade de Artes do Paraná, da Universidade Estadual do Paraná FAP-UNESPAR), quanto na Cia Laica de Teatro, na qual atuo como diretor. Para tal, a abordagem divide e apresenta em sequência as ações, numa espécie de modalidade com objetivo de sistematizar os procedimentos.
202 dias em um mundo de miniatura: Maria Cláudia e suas múltiplas facetas na pandemia
Authors: Madeira Maria
Published: August 2021

Entre os dias 16 de março e 2 de outubro de 2020, 202 cenas diferentes da boneca Maria Cláudia foram postadas em duas redes sociais diariamente, transformando a miniatura no melhor do mundo real. O lúdico tomou o espaço que não se pode tocar e/ou mensurar. O artigo aborda o teatro de animação realizado nas mídias digitais, bem como suas repercussões em tempos de pandemia de Covid-19, marcados por mudanças na vida cotidiana, isolamento social, frustrações, perdas afetivas, luto. Conclui que, ao mirar o universo da ludicidade, o espaço virtual tornou-se um lugar de desenvolvimento cognitivo, mas também de resistência e luta por sanidade, beleza, vida e cultura.
Teatro de improviso e teatro de formas animadas: uma perspectiva integrativa
Authors: Carvalho José Luis Felicio
Published: August 2021

A partir do estudo de caso do coletivo de teatro de improviso Baby Pedra e o Alicate, a investigação tem por objetivo analisar como os processos criativos de atores-improvisadores podem ser dinamizados e sobrevalorizados por meio da disciplina da máscara e, principalmente, do teatro de formas animadas. O texto busca aportar considerações relevantes para improvisadores e para artistas manipuladores, concluindo que, enquanto a improvisação “no calor da ação” pode ser uma perspectiva eficaz para dinamizar o trabalho atoral no teatro de formas animadas, também a inserção de animants na cena improvisada demonstra ter um potencial de efetividade para elevar o teatro de improviso para um patamar de excelência.
Compliance of Territorially Fragile States with International Human Rights Law
Authors: Berkes Antal
Published: August 2021

Fragile States are defined as states incapable of fully implementing their international obligations in a part of the territory falling under their jurisdiction. The fragile State's compliance with its international law obligations is then reduced due to objective factors, which also has a major impact on international human rights law (IHRL). However, doctrine has ignored that fragile states can and sometimes do implement their positive obligations in areas beyond their effective control by virtue of the evolving interpretation of IHRL, based on effectiveness. The article argues that each of the dominant conformity theories can only partially explain the factors that influence compliance with IHRL by fragile States: instead of limiting conformity to a monocausal model, rational choices and internal socialization processes should be taken into account to enhance compliance of fragile States. The two main schools of doctrine, rational and constructivist theories, provide complementary explanations to the questions of why and how fragile States can comply with their positive obligations under the IHRL. Rational theories explain that the respect, by fragile States, of their positive obligations in IHRL has direct advantages, especially in terms of monitoring the human rights situation, the well-being of the population of the region and international cooperation. Rational interests do not, however, explain why public bodies act in such a way as to promote the protection of human rights in the area beyond the effective control of the State, especially if their national behavior is not reported in international human rights mechanisms. In these cases, constructivism can provide a complementary explanation: repeated models of norms play an essential role in the creation of a common identity, in particular the belief of national actors in an ideal and active State.
Strategies for Compliance with Non-Binding International Decisions: The Spanish Case
Authors: Montesinos Padilla Carmen , Gómez Fernández Itziar
Published: August 2021

The Spanish State is among the countries with high standards of compliance with its international obligations on human rights. Regardless of the reasons that explain the respect for such commitments, it is surprising to note that the degree of compliance differs depending on the international guarantee mechanism. Compliance with treaties whose oversights is attributed to a court, such as the European Court of Human Rights, is stricter than compliance with covenants under the United Nations, whose supervision is recognised to the committee established by each treaty or by their annexed protocols. Even though the Committees also respond to individual complaints raised by persons subject to the Spanish State jurisdiction, the binding nature of their resolutions is questioned by some State institutions. Both members of the executive and the judiciary. This paper analyses the grounds that justify this two-speed compliance and questions the institutional arguments that support such reality. Our reflection insists that the obligations derived from all human rights treaties ratified by Spain are identical and demand an equal response from the State institutions. The international human rights law and the Spanish Constitution itself so require it.
Are Africans States Willing to Ratify and Commit to Human Rights Treaties? The Example of the Maputo Protocol
Authors: d’Orsi Cristiano
Published: August 2021

This paper sheds light on factors affecting the ratification and commitment of African countries to treaties, to change and to improve their conduct according to the obligations present in those treaties. As a way of example, this work uses the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (“Maputo Protocol”), considered as the pillar of women’s human rights protection in Africa. This paper considers the effect of the breaches on the sovereign rights of African states to determine the content of their domestic law and if they have made any progress in the protection of women’s rights on the continent. I wonder that because there is significant concern as to how the Maputo Protocol can be implemented given that, for example, several rights in the Protocol clash with established cultural and national traditions. That is why many of the provisions contained in the Maputo Protocol are not currently achievable given also the present socio-economic conditions in many countries of the continent. In addition, the Maputo Protocol fails to recognise several rights, deemed particularly relevant for refugees in Africa, such as the right to a fair trial and the rights of convicted and detained women. When human rights norms are emerging, as it is the case with those contained in the Maputo Protocol, strong international legal commitment generates greater public support for compliance compared to weak commitment. Conversely, when a human rights norm is domesticated, stronger state commitment does not always generate greater public support compared to a weaker commitment. That is why the effort to promote the Maputo Protocol should be dine at a continental level and not leaving it to a single country or to a small group of them.
The Cynic’s Guide to Compliance: A Constructivist Theory of the Contestation Threshold in Human Rights
Authors: Etkin Başak
Published: August 2021

Wherever the reader may sit on the spectrum of international relations theories, it should hold that whether a state complies with international human rights norms or not translates some other reality beyond the simple act of (non-)conformity. Focusing on such social meanings, constructivism allows to demonstrate how compliance is constitutive of normativity. We combine this constructivist approach with a jaded outlook in order to find out the role contestation, compliance’s cynical ugly twin, plays in normativity. This paper exploits empirical observations concerning contestation in order to address its normative implications, arguing that, up to a certain point contestation nourishes normativity as the norm is taken seriously enough to contest, but that beyond the contestation threshold it becomes damaging. Taking the norms at three stages of implementation, we evaluate their contestation, and therefore, normativity levels. Firstly, we compare UN resolutions on LGBTI+ rights and the right to development as social norms by inspecting voting records. Secondly, we study non-ratifications and reservations made to UN human rights treaties as normativity indicators for emergent legal norms, acknowledging the latter’s unique challenges. Lastly, we take a look at violations of these same treaties as contestation of an established legal norm while questioning the viability of treaty body decisions as a normativity indicator. We conclude that, providing the right indicator is chosen, the contestation threshold is a particularly useful tool when it comes to comparing two or more norms at the same stage of implementation, and only for comparison purposes until the threshold is better quantified.
Weaving theory and practice: Design discourses, exchanges, and processes
Authors: Paramita Kristanti Dewi
Published: August 2021

Theory and practice are often seen in opposition with one another in some architectural dialogues, despite their significant transformative capabilities. The first issue of ARSNET aims to dissolve such opposing relation by exploring how theory and practice weave and intersect in various architectural design inquiries. The articles in this issue investigate how the entanglements of theory and practice enable a precise reading of the contours of design knowledge, expand the interpretation of architectural spatialities, and drive a reflective awareness towards the progression of design processes.
Motion tracking of left myocardium in cardiac cine magnetic resonance image based on displacement flow U-Net and variational autoencoder
Authors: Wang Tian-Tian , Wang Hui , Zhu Yan-Chun , Wang Li-Jia ,   School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China,   Guanzhou Life Science Innovation Center, China Unicom Medical Base, Guangzhou 510000, China
Published: August 2021

The high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) seriously affects the quality of human life. How to asses cardiac function, assist in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical CVDs and evaluate prognosis is a problem to be solved urgently. In response to this issue, based on previous work of Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance (CCMR) image segmentation of the left myocardium (LVM), a robust and accurate LVM motion tracking method (DispFlow_UNet_Flow) with using the displacement flow UNet (DispFlow_UNet) and biomechanics-informed variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed in this paper. The following are the main research contents: (1) building a compressed excitation residual U-net network to accurately segment LVM, calculating the ventricular volume and myocardial mass according to the segmentation results, and then evaluating the overall cardiac function; (2) reconstructing the dense displacement field (DDF) based on the proposed motion tracking method, and obtaining the LVM dense displacement field by combining the LVM segmentation mask; (3) contrasting and evaluating the motion tracking results by using the true displacement vector field of simulated data and clinical data sets. All the results show that the tracking algorithm proposed in this paper has high precision and generalization capability.
An adaptive cryptosystem on a Finite Field
Authors: Bhowmik Awnon , Menon Unnikrishnan
Published: August 2021

Owing to mathematical theory and computational power evolution, modern cryptosystems demand ingenious trapdoor functions as their foundation to extend the gap between an enthusiastic interceptor and sensitive information. This paper introduces an adaptive block encryption scheme. This system is based on product, exponent, and modulo operation on a finite field. At the heart of this algorithm lies an innovative and robust trapdoor function that operates in the Galois Field and is responsible for the superior speed and security offered by it. Prime number theorem plays a fundamental role in this system, to keep unwelcome adversaries at bay. This is a self-adjusting cryptosystem that autonomously optimizes the system parameters thereby reducing effort on the user’s side while enhancing the level of security. This paper provides an extensive analysis of a few notable attributes of this cryptosystem such as its exponential rise in security with an increase in the length of plaintext while simultaneously ensuring that the operations are carried out in feasible runtime. Additionally, an experimental analysis is also performed to study the trends and relations between the cryptosystem parameters, including a few edge cases.