bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal switching sequence path for distribution network reconfiguration considering different types of distributed generation
Authors: Badran Ola , Mekhilef Saad , Mokhlis Hazlie , Dahalan Wardiah
Published: July 2017

Minimizing power losses in a distribution system is commonly realized through optimal network reconfiguration. In the past, network reconfiguration research was focused on planning, where the final configuration with the lowest power losses was the main goal. However, power losses during switching operations from the initial state to the final state of the configuration were not considered. This paper presents the optimal switching sequence path to minimize power losses during the network switching operation. Apart from this contribution, the simultaneous optimal network reconfiguration for variable load network and distributed generation (DG) output is also proposed. The proposed methodology involves the (i) optimal network reconfiguration with variable load and DG output simultaneously, and (ii) the optimal sequence of switching operations required to convert the network from the original configuration to the optimal configuration obtained from (i). The selected optimization technique in this work is the firefly algorithm. To assess the capabilities of the proposed method, simulations using MATLAB are carried out on IEEE 33‐bus radial distribution networks. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to determine the sequence path of switching operations, as well as the optimal network configuration and optimal output of DG units. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An interactive generative abstraction system for the archetype-based pre-ideation process (IGATY)
Authors: Suh Joori
Published: July 2017

Archetypein Greek means an original basis that prevails in all later forms. In the field of design, types and archetypes have been used as analytical tools; unfortunately, they have not been perceived as promising prospects in the search for creative ideas, and the dynamic transformative quality embedded in archetypes has not been fully utilized in the ideation process. This research is an exploration of re-establishing the value of implementing archetypes as generative abstractions in the initial phase of the ideation process. The fundamental structure of archetypes was redefined based on the dual structure of a core signal and a peripheral, and an interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) was implemented to visualize the transformative quality embedded in archetypes. In order to emphasize the experiential property of archetypes, the proposed system was designed to offer users the opportunity to view their exploration in a virtual environment (VE). Emphasis was placed on the artful use of technology in the pre-logical stage of the ideation process based on the theory of archetypes. This paper reports on the results from the experiment based on six museum archetypes focusing on (1) the system’s generative quality; (2) the synthesis$+$evolution function; and (3) VE integration.
The structure of a trailing vortex from a perturbed wing
Authors: Fishman G. , Wolfinger M. , Rockwell D.
Published: July 2017

The structure of a trailing vortex from a wing undergoing small amplitude, low frequency heaving motion is investigated using space–time representations determined from stereo particle image velocimetry. The evolution of the vortex shows large fluctuations of axial velocity deficit and circulation during the oscillation cycle. Correspondingly, large variations of swirl ratio occur and onset of pronounced azimuthal vorticity arises. At a given cross-section of the vortex, the pattern of azimuthal vorticity moves around its axis in an ordered fashion as both it and the pattern of velocity defect increase in magnitude and scale. When the swirl ratio attains its minimum value during the oscillation cycle, and this value lies below the theoretically established critical threshold for amplification of azimuthal modes, the magnitude and scale of the pattern of azimuthal vorticity is maximized. Subsequent increase of the swirl ratio yields attenuation of the azimuthal vorticity. Onset of pronounced azimuthal vorticity when the swirl ratio decreases involves rapid amplification, then disruption, of axial vorticity fluctuation.
Liquid-infused surfaces as a passive method of turbulent drag reduction
Authors: Fu M. K. , Arenas I. , Leonardi S. , Hultmark M.
Published: July 2017

Liquid-infused surfaces present a novel, passive method of turbulent drag reduction. Inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher Plant, liquid-infused surfaces utilize a lubricating fluid trapped within structured roughness to facilitate a slip at the effective surface. The conceptual idea is similar to that of superhydrophobic surfaces, which rely on a lubricating air layer, whereas liquid-infused surfaces use a preferentially wetting liquid lubricant to create localized fluid–fluid interfaces. Maintaining the presence of these slipping interfaces has been shown to be an effective method of passively reducing skin friction drag in turbulent flows. Given that liquid-infused surfaces have only recently been considered for drag reduction applications, there is no available framework to relate surface and lubricant characteristics to any resulting drag reduction. Here we use results from direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow over idealized, liquid-infused grooves to demonstrate that the drag reduction achieved using liquid-infused surfaces can be described using the framework established for superhydrophobic surfaces. These insights can be used to explain drag reduction results observed in experimental studies of lubricant-infused surfaces. We also demonstrate how a liquid-infused surface can reduce drag even when the viscosity of the lubricant exceeds that of the external fluid flow, which at first glance can seem counter-intuitive.
Dynamics of drop impact onto a solid sphere: spreading and retraction
Authors: Zhu Yang , Liu Hao-Ran , Mu Kai , Gao Peng , Ding Hang , Lu Xi-Yun
Published: July 2017

In this paper, drop impact onto a sphere is numerically investigated at moderate Reynolds and Weber numbers. It is naturally expected that the aspect ratio of the sphere to the drop, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{r}$, would make a big difference to drop spreading and retraction on the sphere, compared with drop impact onto a flat substrate. To quantitatively assess the effect of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{r}$, a diffuse-interface immersed-boundary method is adopted after being validated against experiments. With the help of numerical simulations, we identify the key regimes in the spreading and retraction, analyse the results by scaling laws, and quantitatively evaluate the effect of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{r}$ on the impact dynamics. We find that the thickness of the liquid film spreading on the sphere can be well approximated by $h_{L,\infty }(1+3/4\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{r}^{-3/2})$, where $h_{L,\infty }$ represents the film thickness of drop impact on a flat substrate. At the early stage of spreading, the temporal variation of the wetted area is independent of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{r}$ when the time is rescaled by the thickness of the liquid film. Drops are observed to retract on the sphere at a roughly constant speed, and the predictions of theoretical analysis are in good agreement with numerical results.
Implicit followership theory to employee creativity: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Kong Ming , Xu Haoying , Zhou Aiqin , Yuan Yue
Published: July 2017

Leaders’ implicit followership theory describes leaders’ personal assumptions about the traits and behaviors that characterize followers. Unlike traditional organizational behavior research, studies on leaders’ implicit followership theory can deepen our understandings of ‘how leaders and followers perceive, decide and take action’ from follower-centric perspective. Adopting 267 follower–leader dyads from 16 Chinese enterprises as our final sample, we found that: (1) positive leaders’ implicit followership theory had significant positive effect on followers’ creativity; (2) followers’ leader–member exchange with leader, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy mediated the positive relationship between positive leaders’ implicit followership theory and followers’ creativity; (3) no significance difference was found between the mediating effects of leader–member exchange, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy. The current study not only extended the application of social cognitive theory in leadership research, but also made contributions to the enrichment of social exchange theory and componential theory of creativity.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: an Aboriginal perspective on diagnosis and intervention
Authors: Loh Pek-Ru , Hayden George , Vicary David , Mancini Vincent , Martin Neilson , Piek Jan P.
Published: July 2017

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) arising from a Western health model has generated much global debate about its relevance in Indigenous communities. More importantly, it has raised questions concerning acceptance of its diagnosis and intervention, hence affecting early identification and treatment compliance. The current study explored an Aboriginal perspective of diagnosis and treatment compliance of ADHD in an Australian Aboriginal community. Using a qualitative approach, 27 participants aged between 22 and 52 years from a Western Australian metropolitan Aboriginal community comprising community members, Aboriginal mental health and education professionals, and Aboriginal parents of children with ADHD, were interviewed either individually or in groups. Participants identified differences in child rearing practices, expectation of child behaviour in school, higher tolerance of hyperactive behaviour within the Aboriginal community and lack of information about ADHD as the main reasons for parents not seeking medical help for the child. Participants also saw the changes in a child's behaviour after medication as a loss of identity/self and this was reported to be the main contributor to treatment non-compliance. Overall, most participants recognised the detrimental effect of having ADHD. However, the current diagnostic process and treatment are not culturally appropriate to assist the Aboriginal community to effectively manage this disorder in their children.
Removing the Mask of Sanity: McCarthyism and the Psychiatric–Confessional Foundations of the Cold War National Security State
Authors: GENTER ROBERT
Published: July 2017

In the early Cold War, the US government institutionalized a national security program, centered on the investigation into the political beliefs of federal employees, to safeguard the nation from Communist subversion. Often interpreted as the result of a partisan battle between New Deal Democrats and conservative Republicans, the national security program had deeper origins, reflecting the influence of psychiatric discourse on public understandings of deviancy. Framed by a metonymical logic that linked radical political beliefs, deviant sexual behaviors, and other illicit behaviors under the category of psychopathology, the security program sought to guard against the threat posed by potentially dangerous individuals, a form of protection that necessitated the public disclosure by those deemed security risks of all aspects of their personal lives.
The distribution, abundance and group dynamics of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (Sousa plumbea) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (UAE)
Authors: Díaz López Bruno , Grandcourt Edwin , Methion Séverine , Das Himansu , Bugla Ibrahim , Al Hameli Maitha , Al Ameri Hind , Abdulla Mohamed , Al Blooshi Ayesha , Al Dhaheri Shaikha
Published: July 2017

The Arabian Gulf is one of the most heavily impacted water bodies raising serious concerns about the conservation status of many marine species. A limited coastal range and near-shore distribution make Indian Ocean humpback dolphins particularly vulnerable to mortality and traumatic injuries from heavy maritime traffic and gill-netting practices. Prior to the present study, no research had focused on the ecology of this species in the Arabian Gulf, despite the potential for human impacts. The mark–recapture method of photo-identification, undertaken during 55 boat-based surveys conducted between 2014 and 2015, was used to assess the occurrence, abundance and use of habitat of this endangered species along the coast of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (UAE). In all, 368 h and 6703 km of observation were carried out over a period of 5 months, and 54 encounters were made with humpback dolphins. The group size ranged from 1 to 24 individuals and group composition showed that 79% of the observed dolphins were adults. Abundance estimates were calculated and fitted with open population models. A review of all available data indicates that the studied population is the largest reported in the world with 701 (95% CI = 473–845) individuals. While their occurrence within Abu Dhabi near-shore waters is frequent, the survey area appears to be only a part of a much larger home range for this humpback dolphin population. The observation of multiple threats derived from anthropogenic activities increases our concerns regarding the conservation of this important dolphin population.
Book-Burning and the Uses of Writing in Ancient Rome: Destructive Practice between Literature and Document
Authors: Howley Joseph A.
Published: July 2017

This article examines the burning of written material at Rome from the Republican period until the rise of Christianity, using the lens of book history. It considers why and how Romans burned written material, gathering for the first time all testimony of burning any kind of writing, and examines responses to these burnings in ancient discourse. A capacious, book-historical approach to Roman book-burning shows that differences in practice and uses — of books as opposed to documents, for example — account for the different consequences Romans saw for burning different written media.
Is ‘NBA’ Chinese or English?
Authors: Xu Mingwu , Tian Chuanmao
Published: July 2017

In recent years, the use of foreign loanwords in Chinese has increased significantly. It has been estimated that there are currently about 3,000 foreign words in Chinese, most of which are related to English (Zhang, 2006). Of these, more than 500 words are frequently used, together with their abbreviations and translations. In response to this situation, the Chinese government established the Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on Chinese Language Translation and Writing Specifications (IJM-CLTWS) in 2012, consisting of ten state-level ministries and institutions such as the State Language Commission, the Central Compilation & Translation Bureau, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education. Thus far, the expert committee of the IJM-CLTWS has identified four groups of foreign words and their standard Chinese translations.
If I Were Iracema Blends Indignation and Aesthetic Daring
Authors: SANTOS VALMIR
Published: July 2017

The actress whose European beauty recalls Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring expresses through her facial expression the bloody side of Brazil's historic persecution of its indigenous peoples. The sculpted features of Adassa Martins in the one-person play Se eu fosse Iracema (If I Were Iracema) transfigure the condition of the other, of the first inhabitants.
A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by house mouse and black rat populations in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: PANTI-MAY J. A. , DE ANDRADE R. R. C. , GURUBEL-GONZÁLEZ Y. , PALOMO-ARJONA E. , SODÁ-TAMAYO L. , MEZA-SULÚ J. , RAMÍREZ-SIERRA M. , DUMONTEIL E. , VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ V. M. , MACHAÍN-WILLIAMS C. , DE OLIVEIRA D. , REIS M. G. , TORRES-CASTRO M. A. , ROBLES M. R. , HERNÁNDEZ-BETANCOURT S. F. , COSTA F.
Published: July 2017

The house mouse (Mus musculus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus) are reservoir hosts for zoonotic pathogens, several of which cause neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Studies of the prevalence of these NTD-causing zoonotic pathogens, in house mice and black rats from tropical residential areas are scarce. Three hundred and two house mice and 161 black rats were trapped in 2013 from two urban neighbourhoods and a rural village in Yucatan, Mexico, and subsequently tested forTrypanosoma cruzi,Hymenolepis diminutaandLeptospira interrogans. Using the polymerase chain reaction we detectedT. cruziDNA in the hearts of 4·9% (8/165) and 6·2% (7/113) of house mice and black rats, respectively. We applied the sedimentation technique to detect eggs ofH. diminutain 0·5% (1/182) and 14·2% (15/106) of house mice and black rats, respectively. Through the immunofluorescent imprint method,L. interroganswas identified in 0·9% (1/106) of rat kidney impressions. Our results suggest that the black rat could be an important reservoir forT. cruziandH. diminutain the studied sites. Further studies examining seasonal and geographical patterns could increase our knowledge on the epidemiology of these pathogens in Mexico and the risk to public health posed by rodents.
Diatoms and the Continuing Relevance of Morphology to Studies on Taxonomy, Systematics and Biogeography. Celebrating the Work and Impact of Patricia A. Sims on the Occasion of her 80th Birthday . J. Witkowski, D. Williams & J. P. Kociolek (eds).
Authors: Kelly Martyn
Published: July 2017

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Exploring the hidden interior of the Earth with directional neutrino measurements
Authors: Leyton Michael , Dye Stephen , Monroe Jocelyn
Published: July 2017

Roughly 40% of the Earth’s total heat flow is powered by radioactive decays in the crust and mantle. Geo-neutrinos produced by these decays provide important clues about the origin, formation and thermal evolution of our planet, as well as the composition of its interior. Previous measurements of geo-neutrinos have all relied on the detection of inverse beta decay reactions, which are insensitive to the contribution from potassium and do not provide model-independent information about the spatial distribution of geo-neutrino sources within the Earth. Here we present a method for measuring previously unresolved components of Earth’s radiogenic heating using neutrino-electron elastic scattering and low-background, direction-sensitive tracking detectors. We calculate the exposures needed to probe various contributions to the total geo-neutrino flux, specifically those associated to potassium, the mantle and the core. The measurements proposed here chart a course for pioneering exploration of the veiled inner workings of the Earth.
An exported protein-interacting complex involved in the trafficking of virulence determinants in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes
Authors: Batinovic Steven , McHugh Emma , Chisholm Scott A. , Matthews Kathryn , Liu Boiyin , Dumont Laure , Charnaud Sarah C. , Schneider Molly Parkyn , Gilson Paul R. , de Koning-Ward Tania F. , Dixon Matthew W. A. , Tilley Leann
Published: July 2017

The malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, displays theP. falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) on the surface of infected red blood cells (RBCs). We here examine the physical organization ofPfEMP1 trafficking intermediates in infected RBCs and determine interacting partners using an epitope-tagged minimal construct (PfEMP1B). We show that parasitophorous vacuole (PV)-locatedPfEMP1B interacts with components of the PTEX (PlasmodiumTranslocon of EXported proteins) as well as a novel protein complex, EPIC (Exported Protein-Interacting Complex). Within the RBC cytoplasmPfEMP1B interacts with components of the Maurer’s clefts and the RBC chaperonin complex. We define the EPIC interactome and, using an inducible knockdown approach, show that depletion of one of its components, the parasitophorous vacuolar protein-1 (PV1), results in altered knob morphology, reduced cell rigidity and decreased binding to CD36. Accordingly, we show that deletion of thePlasmodiumbergheihomologue of PV1 is associated with attenuation of parasite virulencein vivo.
Role of integrin-linked kinase in regulating the protein stability of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Huang H-L , Wu H-Y , Chu P-C , Lai I-L , Huang P-H , Kulp S K , Pan S-L , Teng C-M , Chen C-S
Published: July 2017

MUC1-C overexpression has been associated with the progression of pancreatic tumors by promoting the aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As MUC1 is a STAT3 target gene, STAT3 plays a major role in regulating MUC1-C expression. In this study, we report an alternative mechanism by which integrin-linked kinase (ILK) post-transcriptionally modulates the expression of MUC1-C by maintaining its protein stability in pancreatic cancer cells. We found that ILK acts in concert with STAT3 to facilitate IL-6-mediated upregulation of MUC1-C; ILK depletion was equally effective as STAT3 depletion in abolishing IL-6-induced MUC1-C overexpression without disturbing the phosphorylation or cellular distribution of STAT3. Conversely, ectopic expression of constitutively active ILK increased MUC1-C expression, though this increase was not noted with kinase-dead ILK. This finding suggests the requirement of the kinase activity of ILK in regulating MUC1-C stability, which was confirmed by using the ILK kinase inhibitor T315. Furthermore, our data suggest the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC)δ in mediating the suppressive effect of ILK inhibition on MUC1-C repression. For example, co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that ILK depletion-mediated MUC1-C phosphorylation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of PKCδ at the activation loop Thr-507 and increased binding of PKCδ to MUC1-C. Conversely, ILK overexpression resulted in decreased PKCδ phosphorylation. From a mechanistic perspective, the present finding, together with our recent report that ILK controls the expression of oncogenic KRAS through a regulatory loop, underscores the pivotal role of ILK in promoting pancreatic cancer progression.
The movement of small insects in the convective boundary layer: linking patterns to processes
Authors: Wainwright Charlotte E. , Stepanian Phillip M. , Reynolds Don R. , Reynolds Andy M.
Published: July 2017

In fine warm weather, the daytime convective atmosphere over land areas is full of small migrant insects, among them serious pests (e.g. some species of aphid), but also many beneficial species (e.g. natural enemies of pests). For many years intensive aerial trapping studies were the only way of determining the density profiles of these small insects, and for taxon-specific studies trapping is still necessary. However, if we wish to determine generic behavioural responses to air movements shown by small day-migrating insects as a whole, the combination of millimetre-wavelength ‘cloud radars’ and Doppler lidar now provides virtually ideal instrumentation. Here we examine the net vertical velocities of > 1 million insect targets, relative to the vertical motion of the air in which they are flying, as a succession of fair-weather convective cells pass over the recording site in Oklahoma, USA. The resulting velocity measurements are interpreted in terms of the flight behaviours of small insects. These behaviours are accounted for by a newly-developed Lagrangian stochastic model of weakly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic characterisations of small insect aerial density profiles. We thereby link patterns to processes.
Emergence of ON1 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A in China between 2011 and 2015
Authors: Song Jinhua , Zhang Yan , Wang Huiling , Shi Jing , Sun Liwei , Zhang Xiaojie , Yang Zifeng , Guan Wenda , Zhang Hong , Yu Pengbo , Xie Zhengde , Cui Aili , Ng Teresa I. , Xu Wenbo
Published: July 2017

A molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) was conducted to examine the distribution of its subgroups and genotypes, as well as to identify its transmission pattern in China. A total of 705 samples collected from 9 provinces in China between January 2008 and February 2015 were identified as HRSV-positive and were subsequently sequenced. Of these, 336 samples were HRSV subgroup A (HRSVA), 368 samples were HRSV subgroup B (HRSVB), and 1 sample contained both HRSVA and HRSVB. These 705 HRSV sequences, together with 766 HRSV sequences downloaded from GenBank, were analyzed to understand the recent circulation patterns of HRSV in China. HRSVB predominated in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, whereas HRSVA predominated in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons; HRSVA and HRSVB co-circulated during 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed most of the HRSVA sequences clustered into 2 genotypes, namely, NA1 and ON1. The ON1 genotype was first detected in China in 2011, and it quickly replaced the NA1 genotype to become the most prevalent HRSVA genotype circulating in China between 2013 and 2015. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and molecular characterization of HRSV should be conducted to monitor the evolution of HRSV in China.
Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic value of plasma apelin 12 levels for differentiating patients with moyamoya and intracranial atherosclerotic diseases
Authors: Hu Wei , Jiang Wan , Ye Li , Tian Yanghua , Shen Bing , Wang Kai
Published: July 2017

Patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) or intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) experience similar cerebral ischaemic events. However, MMD patients show greater angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, which play crucial roles in collateral circulation development to enhance clinical prognosis and outcome. Apelins have been associated with angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether apelin levels were higher in patients with MMD than in patients with ICAD or in healthy controls. We compared plasma apelin levels in 29 patients with MMD, 82 patients with ICAD, and 25 healthy participants. Twelve-hour fasting blood samples were collected and analysed using commercially available kits. Univariate analyses indicated that compared with the ICAD and healthy control groups, the MMD group had higher apelin-12, apelin-13, apelin-36, and nitric oxide levels. Binary logistic regression analyses further showed that the plasma apelin-12 level was substantially higher in MMD patients than in ICAD patients. Patients with MMD were also differentiated from patients with ICAD by their mean ages, with the former being younger. Therefore, the plasma apelin-12 level is a potential diagnostic marker for differentiating MMD and ICAD and may provide a treatment strategy for enhancing collateral circulation development and clinical prognosis and outcome.
Correction: Corrigendum: Study on the noncoincidence effect phenomenon using matrix isolated Raman spectra and the proposed structural organization model of acetone in condense phase
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wu Fengqi , Zhao Yanying , Zhou Ran , Wang Huigang , Zheng Xuming , Ni Bukuo
Published: July 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 43835; published online: 03 March 2017; updated: 10 July 2017. This Article contains errors in the order of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which were inadvertently published as Figure 4, 1, 2, 5 and 3 respectively. The correct Figures appear below. The legends for theFigures are correct.
Correction: Corrigendum: Possible recent warming hiatus on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau derived from ice core records
Authors: An Wenling , Hou Shugui , Zhang Wangbin , Wu Shuangye , Xu Hao , Pang Hongxi , Wang Yetang , Liu Yaping
Published: July 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32813; published online: 09 September 2016; updated: 10 July 2017. This Article contained errors. In the original version, Affiliations 2 and 4 were incorrectly listed as 4 and 2 respectively. The correct affiliations are listed below: 2 CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Raman Spectroscopic Sensing in Food Safety and Quality Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhong
Published: July 2017

Raman spectroscopy could provide detailed molecular vibrational information, i.e., fingerprinting information, for the target analyte in food samples in a relatively short amount of time. With the development of high-performance Raman-active substrates in recent years, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with various extraction/enrichment methods has been validated to be a rapid and promising tool for the detection of chemical and bacterial contaminations in foods. SERS has also shown its potential to be used in the analysis of food composition and food quality due to its fingerprinting-type spectrum and fast spectral collection speed. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the basic principle of Raman spectroscopy, the Raman spectrometer, SERS and related statistic principles for SERS analysis. We also review the recent research progress of using SERS to detect food contaminants and determine the compositions/qualities of foods.
Amino-terminated hyper-branched polyamidoamine polymer grafted magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets as an efficient sorbent for the extraction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors from plasma samples
Authors: Lotfi Zahra , Mousavi Hassan Zavvar , Sajjadi S. Maryam
Published: July 2017

In this study, third generation dendrimers covalently bonded to magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets (DMGO) were prepared.
Highly efficient Cr2O72−removal of a 3D metal-organic framework fabricated by tandem single-crystal to single-crystal transformations from a 1D coordination array
Authors: Li Cheng-Peng , Zhou Hang , Wang Si , Chen Jing , Wang Zhong-Liang , Du Miao
Published: July 2017

Tandem single-crystal to single-crystal (SC–SC) transformation of a 1D neutral chain affords a 3D cationic framework, showing highly efficient Cr2O72−captureviaSC–SC anion-exchange.
Synthesis, structure and applications of graphene-based 2D heterostructures
Authors: Solís-Fernández Pablo , Bissett Mark , Ago Hiroki
Published: July 2017

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and applications of graphene-based two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures. Stacked and in-plane heterostructures with other 2D materials and heterostructures with lower dimensionality materials are presented.
A mononuclear iron carbonyl complex [Fe(μ-bdt)(CO)2(PTA)2] with bulky phosphine ligands: a model for the [FeFe] hydrogenase enzyme active site with an inverted redox potential
Authors: Natarajan M. , Faujdar H. , Mobin S. M. , Stein M. , Kaur-Ghumaan S.
Published: July 2017

This mononuclear iron complex displays an inverted redox potential and catalyzes hydrogen evolution in acidic solution.
A synthetic dodecanolide library for the identification of putative semiochemicals emitted by mantellid frogs
Authors: Peram Pardha Saradhi , Vences Miguel , Schulz Stefan
Published: July 2017

Novel methyl-branched 11-dodecanolide semiochemicals were identified and synthesized in the femoral secretion of Madagascan frog Gephyromantis moseri.
Unified total synthesis of (+)-chinensiolide B and (+)-8-epigrosheimin
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Acharyya Susit , Mandal Abhisek , Maity Ramkrishna
Published: July 2017

The combination of stereocontrolled Evanssyn-aldol, intramolecular ene and RCM reactions is shown to be a general protocol for the synthesis of C8-deoxy- and -oxy guaianolides. Unified total synthesis of (+)-chinensiolide B and (+)-8-epigrosheimin is demonstrated from a common precursor.
C–ON bond homolysis of alkoxyamines: when too high polarity is detrimental
Authors: Nkolo Paulin , Audran Gérard , Bikanga Raphael , Brémond Paul , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Roubaud Valérie
Published: July 2017

In this article, previous multi-parameter linear relationships are amended using a parabolic model to describe the effect of EWGs in the alkyl fragment of alkoxyamines on the homolysis rate constantkd.
Recent advances in asymmetric total synthesis of prostaglandins
Authors: Peng Haihui , Chen Fen-Er
Published: July 2017

Prostaglandins (PGs) are a series of hormone-like chemical messengers and play a critical role in regulating physiological activity.
Quinoxaline-based conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells
Authors: Liu Ming , Gao Yueyue , Zhang Yong , Liu Zhitian , Zhao Liancheng
Published: July 2017

Recent developments of quinoxaline-based conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells are reviewed.
Visible-light-induced oxidant and metal-free dehydrogenative cascade trifluoromethylation and oxidation of 1,6-enynes with water
Authors: Jana Sadhan , Verma Ajay , Kadu Rahul , Kumar Sangit
Published: July 2017

Unprecedented light-induced oxidant and metal-free tandem radical cyclization–trifluoromethylation and dehydrogenative oxygenation of 1,6-enynes have been achieved using a photoredox catalyst, CF3SO2Na, and water as the oxygen source.
Laccase–natural mediator systems for “green” synthesis of phenolic monomers from alkali lignin
Authors: Yao Bin , Kolla Praveen , Koodali Ranjit , Balaranjan Selvaratn , Shrestha Sunav , Smirnova Alevtina
Published: July 2017

Being a major byproduct of pulp and paper industry, lignin has attracted attention as a source of high-value organic chemicals,e.g.phenolic monomers that can be produced by lignin enzymatic treatment.
Method for unconstrained text detection in natural scene image
Authors: Liu Zhandong , Li Yong , Qi Xiangwei , Yang Yong , Nian Mei , Zhang Haijun , Xiamixiding Reziwanguli
Published: July 2017

Text detection in natural scene images is an important prerequisite for many content‐based multimedia understanding applications. The authors present a simple and effective text detection method in natural scene image. Firstly, MSERs are extracted by the V‐MSER algorithm from channels of G, H, S, O1, and O2, as component candidates. Since text is composed of character candidates, the authors design an MRF model to exploit the relationship between characters. Secondly, in order to filter out non‐text components, they design a set of two‐layers filtering scheme: most of the non‐text components can be filtered by the first layer of the filtering scheme; the second layer filtering scheme is an AdaBoost classifier, which is trained by the features of compactness, horizontal variance and vertical variance, and aspect ratio. Then, only four simple features are adopted to generate component pairs. Finally, according to the orientation similarity of the component pairs, component pairs which have roughly the same orientation are merged into text lines. The proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets: ICDAR 2011 and MSRA‐TD500. It achieves 82.94 and 75% F‐measure, respectively. Especially, the experimental results, on their URMQ_LHASA‐TD220 dataset which contains 220 images for multi‐orientation and multi‐language text lines evaluation, show that the proposed method is general for detecting scene text lines in different languages.
Reversible data hiding scheme based on significant‐bit‐difference expansion
Authors: Wang Weiqing , Ye Junyong , Wang Tongqing , Wang Weifu
Published: July 2017

This study presents a lossless robust data hiding scheme based on significance‐bit‐difference expansion. The original cover image can be recovered without any distortion after the hidden data have been extracted if the stego image remains intact, on the other hand, the hidden data can be robust against unintentional changes applying to the stego image, such as image compression and sometimes unavoidable addition of random noise which is below a certain level and does not change the content of an image. The proposed scheme decomposes pixels in a cover image into two parts, that is, the higher significant bits (HSB) and the least significant bits (LSB), and calculates the HSB difference between adjacent pixels. Bits are embedded into HSBs by shifting the HSB difference value histogram bins. The shift and shifting rule are fixed for all HSB difference values, and reversibility is achieved. Furthermore, owing to the separation of HSBs and LSBs, minor alteration applying to the stego image generated by non‐malicious attacks such as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression, which will not change the HSB values as well as the HSB difference values, and robustness is achieved. Experimental results show that, compared with previous works, the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly improved.
On Friedrichs model with two continuum states
Authors: Xiao Zhiguang , Zhou Zhi-Yong
Published: July 2017

The Friedrichs model with one discrete state coupled to more than one continuum is studied. The exact eigenstates for the full Hamiltonian can be solved explicitly. The discrete state is found to generate more than one virtual state pole or more than one pair of resonance poles in different Riemann sheets in different situations. The form factors could also generate new states on different sheets. All these states can appear in the generalized completeness relation.
Carbon nanotube wires with continuous current rating exceeding 20 Amperes
Authors: Cress Cory D. , Ganter Matthew J. , Schauerman Christopher M. , Soule Karen , Rossi Jamie E. , Lawlor Colleen C. , Puchades Ivan , Ubnoske Stephen M. , Bucossi Andrew R. , Landi Brian J.
Published: July 2017

A process to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) wires with diameters greater than 1 cm and continuous current carrying capability exceeding 20 A is demonstrated. Wires larger than 5 mm are formed using a multi-step radial densification process that begins with a densified CNT wire core followed by successive wrapping of additional CNT material to increase the wire size. This process allows for a wide range of wire diameters to be fabricated, with and without potassium tetrabromoaurate (KAuBr4) chemical doping, and the resulting electrical and thermal properties to be characterized. Electrical measurements are performed with on/off current steps to obtain the maximum current before reaching a peak CNT wire temperature of 100 °C and before failure, yielding values of instantaneous currents in excess of 45 A for KAuBr4 doped CNT wires with a diameter of 6 mm achieved prior to failure. The peak temperature of the wires at failure (∼530 °C) is correlated with the primary decomposition peak observed in thermal gravimetric analysis of a wire sample confirming that oxidation is the primary failure mode of CNT wires operated in air. The in operando stability of doped CNT wires is confirmed by monitoring the resistance and temperature, which remain largely unaltered over 40 days and 1 day for wires with 1.5 mm and 11.2 mm diameters, respectively. The 100 °C continuous current rating, or ampacity, is measured for a range of doped CNT wire diameters and corresponding linear mass densities ρL. To describe the results, a new form of the fuse-law, where the critical current is defined as I∝ρL3/4, is developed and shows good agreement with the experimental data. Ultimately, CNT wires are shown to be stable electrical conductors, with failure current densities in excess of 50 A in the case of a convectively cooled 11.2 mm doped CNT wire, and amenable for use in applications that have long-term, high-current demands.
Coupling and power transfer efficiency enhancement of modular and array of planar coils using in-plane ring-shaped inner ferrites for inductive heating applications
Authors: Kilic V. T. , Unal E. , Demir H. V.
Published: July 2017

We propose and demonstrate a highly effective method of enhancing coupling and power transfer efficiency in inductive heating systems composed of planar coils. The proposed method is based on locating ring-shaped ferrites in the inner side of the coils in the same plane. Measurement results of simple inductive heating systems constructed with either a single or a pair of conventional circular coils show that, with the in-plane inner ferrites, the total dissipated power of the system is increased by over 65%. Also, with three-dimensional full electromagnetic solutions, it is found that power transfer efficiency of the system is increased up to 92% with the inner ferrite placement. The proposed method is promising to be used for efficiency enhancement in inductive heating applications, especially in all-surface induction hobs.
The effects of convergence ratio on the implosion behavior of DT layered inertial confinement fusion capsules
Authors: Haines Brian M. , Yi S. A. , Olson R. E. , Khan S. F. , Kyrala G. A. , Zylstra A. B. , Bradley P. A. , Peterson R. R. , Kline J. L. , Leeper R. J. , Shah R. C.
Published: July 2017

The wetted foam capsule design for inertial confinement fusion capsules, which includes a foam layer wetted with deuterium-tritium liquid, enables layered capsule implosions with a wide range of hot-spot convergence ratios (CR) on the National Ignition Facility. We present a full-scale wetted foam capsule design that demonstrates high gain in one-dimensional simulations. In these simulations, increasing the convergence ratio leads to an improved capsule yield due to higher hot-spot temperatures and increased fuel areal density. High-resolution two-dimensional simulations of this design are presented with detailed and well resolved models for the capsule fill tube, support tent, surface roughness, and predicted asymmetries in the x-ray drive. Our modeling of these asymmetries is validated by comparisons with available experimental data. In 2D simulations of the full-scale wetted foam capsule design, jetting caused by the fill tube is prevented by the expansion of the tungsten-doped shell layer due to preheat. While the impacts of surface roughness and predicted asymmetries in the x-ray drive are enhanced by convergence effects, likely underpredicted in 2D at high CR, simulations predict that the capsule is robust to these features. Nevertheless, the design is highly susceptible to the effects of the capsule support tent, which negates all of the one-dimensional benefits of increasing the convergence ratio. Indeed, when the support tent is included in simulations, the yield decreases as the convergence ratio is increased for CR > 20. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the full-scale wetted foam design has the potential to outperform ice layer capsules given currently achievable levels of asymmetries when fielded at low convergence ratios (CR < 20).
Unique oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain sequence of native parrots: a possible link between phytoestrogens and breeding success
Authors: Davis Catherine E. J. , Bibby Adrian H. , Buckley Kevin M. , McNatty Kenneth P. , Pitman Janet L.
Published: July 2017

The New Zealand (NZ) native parrots kākāpō, kākā and kea are classified as critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable respectively. Successful reproduction of kākāpō and kākā is linked to years of high levels of fruiting in native flora (mast years). To assess a possible hormonal link between native plants and reproductive success in these parrots in mast years, we examined the ligand-binding domains (LBD) of the progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in NZ native (kākāpō, kākā, kea and kākāriki) and non-native (Australian cockatiel) parrots and compared them with those in the chicken. The amino acid sequences for PR, AR, ESR1 and ESR2 shared >90% homology among the NZ parrots, the cockatiel and, in most cases, the chicken. The exception was for the ESR1 LBD, which contained an extra eight amino acids at the C-terminal in all the parrots compared with the chicken and with published sequences of non-parrot species. These results support the notion that the ESR1 LBD of parrots responds differently to putative oestrogenic compounds in native trees in NZ during times of intermittent masting. In turn, this may provide important information for generating parrot-specific bioassays and linkages to steroidogenic activity in native plants.
Self-affirmation facilitates minority middle schoolers' progress along college trajectories
Authors: Goyer J. Parker , Garcia Julio , Purdie-Vaughns Valerie , Binning Kevin R. , Cook Jonathan E. , Reeves Stephanie L. , Apfel Nancy , Taborsky-Barba Suzanne , Sherman David K. , Cohen Geoffrey L.
Published: July 2017

Significance

This research represents an experimental investigation of how a psychological process unfolds over many years to affect success at a later period of transition, even almost a decade later. A series of 15-min reflective writing exercises not only closed academic performance gaps in early adolescence but, years later, improved drivers of academic and economic opportunity among minority youth: high school course choices, college enrollment, and 4-y college selectivity. Long-term benefits occurred despite the barriers that confront minority students on the path to college. A psychological intervention can have a persistent positive effect when it ushers people onto positive structural pathways.
Intact piRNA pathway prevents L1 mobilization in male meiosis
Authors: Newkirk Simon J. , Lee Suman , Grandi Fiorella C. , Gaysinskaya Valeriya , Rosser James M. , Vanden Berg Nicole , Hogarth Cathryn A. , Marchetto Maria C. N. , Muotri Alysson R. , Griswold Michael D. , Ye Ping , Bortvin Alex , Gage Fred H. , Boeke Jef D. , An Wenfeng
Published: July 2017

Significance

Retrotransposons make up the bulk of the human genome and, if unleashed, threaten the genomic integrity through DNA damage and insertional mutagenesis. In germ cells, an intact PIWI-interacting RNA pathway is essential for suppressing the expression of L1 retrotransposons. Deficiencies in the PIWI-interacting RNA pathway have dire consequences because mutant males are invariably sterile. To address the role of retrotransposon activation in these mutants, we developed an L1 reporter transgenic mouse. This mouse model allowed us to detect significant and stage-specific increases of new insertions in mutant germ cells, to draw attention to the importance of other L1-related activities for germ-cell health, and to predict the timing and origin of heritable L1 insertions in the human population.
The case for defined protein folding pathways
Authors: Englander S. Walter , Mayne Leland
Published: July 2017

Significance

This paper considers the experimental evidence for and against the two major current models for protein folding, the theoretically hypothesized many-pathway model, and the experiment-based defined-pathway model. The questions of how proteins fold, why they fold in that way, and how the folding pathway of each protein is encoded in its sequence and structure have fundamental significance for protein structure and design, folding and misfolding, regulation and function, clinical problems, and industrial applications. The present analysis attempts to distinguish the models and answer these questions.
Remarks on the Barthesian notion of punctum
Authors: Greco Roberto
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to be a compendium on the significance of images as an effective mediator in communication. The research work has resulted from the assumption that it is possible to think of the image as an intrinsically ethical mediator in communication. It has been amply demonstrated that the use of images can reach a level within a communication that is inherently ethical, able to take effective account of an otherness. There cannot exist, in this sense, a communication that is not an appeal, a search for the other, inside this kind of exchange, with full respect of the other’s essence. A communication that makes use of images in an ethical manner will also be more immediate and certainly more effective. In order to address these issues, this paper’s investigation has been deepened with the semiotics bibliography of French essayist Roland Barthes, with particular reference to those essays concerning a kind of poetics of the punctum, an analysis in relation to those images that are able to disrupt the relationship between observer and observed.