bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBJETIVIDADE JORNALÍSTICA POR APROXIMAÇÃO OU COMO RITUAL ESTRATÉGICO
Authors: Henriques Rafael da Silva Paes
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta dois posicionamentos teóricos possíveis frente à questão da objetividade jornalística: a intersubjetividade (MEYER, 1989; SPONHOLZ, 2009) e a objetividade como ritual estratégico (TUCHMAN, 1999). Por meio de revisão crítica de literatura do gênero narrativa, é possível observar que esses são dois caminhos possíveis e bastante distintos para se responder o que está em jogo quando o jornalista reivindica a objetividade para si. No primeiro, é preciso discutir, antes de qualquer coisa, o fundamento ontológico do mundo em que vivemos e qual é a melhor maneira de se conhecer a realidade. Na segunda perspectiva, o jornalista segue uma série de procedimentos, não porque assim acredita que vai acessar a objetividade, mas porque essa metodologia é um modo de defesa contra os riscos da profissão. Como resultados, podemos indicar que, no intersubjetivismo, o compromisso da atividade jornalística é com os acontecimentos, independentemente de interpretação subjetiva. A presença de variados pontos de vista é, na verdade, uma estratégia de aproximação com o que ocorreu. Como não resulta de nenhuma compreensão ontológica da existência, para o ritual estratégico, o que importa quando se trata de objetividade, é o jornalista se resguardar da exposição e deixar que os fatos “falem por si mesmos”, como se isso fosse uma operação possível. É nesse sentido que se evidencia a importância de embasamento ontológico na antiga, e ainda pertinente, discussão sobre objetividade jornalística.
DONA IVONE LARA VIVE:
Authors: Azevedo Lídia Michelle , Silva Renata Nascimento da , Martins Zilda
Published: August 2022

A reflexão proposta neste artigo incide sobre os conceitos de racismo, colorismo e representação, observados em debates de redes sociais, quando Jô Santana, diretor do espetáculo Dona Ivone Lara – O Musical, escolheu a cantora Fabiana Cozza para representar a Rainha do Samba. Serão analisados comentários publicados na página oficial da peça, no Facebook, e no perfil de Cozza, no Instagram. Também vão ser investigadas publicações e repercussões do perfil da cantora, referentes à carta de renúncia ao papel. A proposta é compreender de que modo a ideologia racista atua na prática social e nos discursos virtuais. O anúncio dos organizadores do espetáculo, solicitando candidatas para interpretar a Rainha do Samba, sem definir o critério de artistas negras de pele retinta, e o contraste de cor entre Cozza e D. Ivone Lara, tensionou os debates. Esse trabalho será guiado por três eixos de respostas ao anúncio. No primeiro, houve negação da necessidade de verossimilhança; no segundo, aceitação da identidade negra de Cozza, mas não aceite do convite; e no terceiro, questionamento em torno da identidade negra da cantora. Também será verificado o teor das discussões a respeito das relações raciais, se ganharam mais visibilidade, considerando a abrangência das redes sociais. Teoricamente, o estudo será ancorado em autores como Sueli Carneiro, Muniz Sodré, Teun Van Dijk, Stuart Hall, Alice Walker, Manuel Castells, dentre outros. A metodologia resulta de pesquisa empírica e bibliográfica, de natureza descritiva e qualitativa.
ESCRAVIDÃO E ABOLICIONISMO NA IMPRENSA MINEIRA DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Jácome Phellipy Pereira
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste texto é refletir acerca de marcas de racialização em narrativas da imprensa oitocentista em Minas Gerais. Ao longo do século XIX, jornais de diferentes regiões da província trouxeram textos que, de maneiras bastante heterogêneas, dão conta dos processos de violência impostos, de movimentos emancipadores e/ou reacionários de que eram parte, bem como da luta de pessoas negras por liberdade e outros direitos. Minas Gerais registrava, nesse período, o maior número de pessoas escravizadas do Império. A escravização de pessoas negras é, portanto, um aspecto fundamental para compreendermos as relações sociais, econômicas e identitárias. Assim, ressaltamos o papel da imprensa mineira na propagação e naturalização de ideais racistas e, também, uma difusa rede abolicionista empenhada por alguns jornais e/ou estampada, ainda que sem essa intenção, em outros.
A DISPUTA PELO CAPITAL DE VISIBILIDADE NEGRA NA PUBLICIDADE
Authors: Santos Pedro Henrique Conceição dos , Bragaglia Ana Paula
Published: August 2022

Até a década de 1980, as pessoas negras eram comumente representadas através de personagens subalternizadas em peças publicitárias. Essas representações estão relacionadas ao passado da escravização de sujeitos negros, o que corroborou para a criação de um “regime racializado de representação”. Apesar disso, a partir da segunda metade da década de 2010, percebemos a ampliação na participação de negros como protagonistas em anúncios. Levando em consideração esse cenário de mudança, analisamos a repercussão de O ano que a gente quer (2018), peça da empresa de cosméticos Avon, nas redes sociais de um coletivo vinculado ao movimento negro. A partir daí, dialogamos criticamente sobre como a visibilidade pode ser encarada como um capital importante no jogo da representatividade na contemporaneidade brasileira.
PERFORMANCES DA NEGAÇÃO E DA RECUSA:
Authors: Belo Pollyane , Gonçalves Fernando
Published: August 2022

Este artigo discute o princípio da negação que caracteriza e sustenta o cistema colonial e busca pensar possibilidades de escape. O estopim desta reflexão foi a interdição sofrida em 2021 pela Casa T* (espaço de acolhimento de pessoas travestigeneres, racializades e imigrantes em Lisboa) na organização da marcha LGBTQI+ da cidade, sem que houvesse qualquer tipo de pleiteamento prévio de participação no evento de sua parte. Considerando as dimensões físicas e simbólicas da recusa antecipada de um desejo que nem veio a ser. As questões que impulsionaram a escrita foram: quais as bases do pensamento representacional que nega e performa o abandono de corpes e pessoas e desconsidera seus desejos e existências? Como pensar rotas de fuga que permitam construções plurais fora da neurose representativa colonial? Episteme-mundos derivadas do pensamento radical negro e trans* nos auxiliaram a rascunhar respostas para tais questões que tangenciam o episódio trazido e, ao mesmo tempo, abarcam querelas fundamentais da representação política fora do Sujeito moderno.
Long-Term Noise Reduction Performance Evaluation by Asphalt Pavement Method
Authors: Choi Sang Hoon , Lim Kwang Mo , Lee Joo Ha
Published: August 2022

This study compared the long-term noise reduction performance through field measurements using different asphalt pavement methods. The main variables were the type of pavement methods, including the porous, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA), and thin-layer. Noise data over the last 11 years was analyzed. Noise reduction performance of porous pavements continued to decrease due to pores filling over time and that maintenance is necessary three years post-construction. Since the intaglio surface was formed in SMA, a non-porous pavement, using thin-layer methods, the noise reduction performance could be maintained at a certain level for an extended period. Based on this study, further studies, including the effects of the traffic and the permeability of pavements, could establish the standardization of noise reduction pavement technology.
Development of Drought Vulnerability Index for Upland Crops using Soil Moisture Data
Authors: Jeon Min-Gi , Nam Won-Ho , Mun Young-Sik , Ok Juung-Heun , Hwang Seonah , Hur Seung-Oh
Published: August 2022

Recently, with changing rainfall patterns worldwide due to climate change, the effects and damages of upland crops are increasing. A water supply system from irrigation facilities such as agricultural reservoirs and pumping stations has been established in paddy fields, whereas irrigation uplands equipped with water supply facilities account for only 18.5% of the upland area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze vulnerable areas of upland droughts because they depend on natural rainfall and lack the ability to respond to drought damage. Currently, there is limited drought information to respond to an upland drought because the characteristics of crops and actual cultivation period are not analyzed. Soil moisture directly resulting from rainfall shortage is highly related to drought, especially for upland crops and vegetation. Therefore, upland crops drought can be evaluated using soil moisture and weather data. In this study, an upland drought vulnerability index based on runs theory and entropy method was developed using effective soil moisture, soil moisture drought index, and groundwater level. Soil moisture and meteorological data were obtained from the soil moisture observation network (Rural Development Administration), and weather observation network (Korea Meteorological Administration). The results showed that Upland Drought Vulnerability Index (UDVI) can be an effective tool for quantitatively evaluating upland drought vulnerability.
Establishment of Standards for the Elevated Heliports to Ensure Safety
Authors: Shin Euntaek , An Sehyuck , Eum Taesoo , Song Changgeun
Published: August 2022

Helicopters that can respond rapidly to medical accidents are used frequently on sites that require firefighting and medical services. Therefore, Korea recommends that high-rise buildings install heliports for easy evacuation through an alteration to the Building Act. However, because heliport installation laws are inconsistent with the specifications of each heliport on high-rise buildings being different, helicopter landing in emergencies may be hindered. This may result in failure to respond to an accident. To minimize complications, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) determine helicopter take-off and landing regulations as well as heliport operations. This method minimizes human error in pilots and allows for the maintenance of facilities, minimizing technical errors. Therefore, this study investigates the current status of domestic rooftop heliports and attempts to derive measures that improve domestic legislation through comparison with overseas standards to identify higher standards.
Comparison of Performance of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Compression Index Based on Clay Properties
Authors: Lee Sung Yeol , Kim Jinyoung , Kang Jaemo , Baek Won Kin , Yoon Hyeon Jun
Published: August 2022

As the construction of large structures increases primarily on the soft ground along coasts, prevention of damage to the structures due to subsidence should be prioritized. Ground subsidence has been investigated actively. Because the amount of settlement can be calculated based on the compression index of clay, the latter must be calculated accurately. In this study, data pertaining to the natural water content, liquid limit, plasticity index, initial void ratio, and compression index of clay are acquired from Busan, Gwangyang, and Mokpo to construct a dataset for predicting the compression index. Correlation analysis between factors is performed using the dataset, and compression index prediction models are developed using machine learning algorithms, random forest, multiple linear regression, ridge, Lasso, SVM, XGBoost, LightGBM, and DNN. Subsequently, the results of each model are compared in terms of the RMSE and R2. The results show that the natural water content, liquid limit, plasticity index, initial void ratio, and compression index are correlated significantly. Among the machine learning models, LightGBM demonstrates the best performance.
Sedimentation and Self-Weight Consolidation Characteristics of Illite and Kaolinite Suspension
Authors: An Jeongmin , Choi Hyun-Jun , Lee Seokjae , Won Jongmuk
Published: August 2022

In this study, we performed one dimensional cylindrical sedimentation tests to investigate the impact of clay mineralogy, ionic concentration, ionic valence on sedimentation, and self-consolidation behavior of clay. The result at 1,000% and 2,000% water content indicates that the water content = 2,000% showed higher self-consolidation coefficient and initial settling velocity, and faster initiation and termination of self-consolidation. Additionally, settling velocity decreased as ionic concentration (0.01 - 2 M) increased, and kaolinite showed higher settling velocity than illite. The observed sedimentation and self-consolidation experimental results implies the need for considering clay mineralogy, water content, ionic concentration, and ionic valence in the geotechnical behavior of high-water content clay sediment.
Analysis of Vulnerability during Business and Off-business Hours in Case of Hazardous Materials Release Accidents
Authors: Lee Jaejoon
Published: August 2022

Korea has been experiencing human and environmental damage caused by accidental release of toxic chemicals such as the Gumi hydrofluoric acid accident and the Ulsan chemical accident. As the government managers do not know when, where, and how such accidents will occur, they have been trying to reduce the level of damage by recognizing victims in advance. In this study, assuming a chlorine gas release accident occurs in facilities handling hazardous chemicals, the impact range was analyzed considering the worst-case scenario of chemical release. After analyzing social, physical, and place-dependent vulnerabilities by applying the multi-criteria evaluation method, a vulnerability map of chemical release was prepared. The study focused on proposing a method for vulnerability assessment during non-economic and economic activity time by considering dynamic factors when evaluating vulnerability. The results of dynamic vulnerability analysis based on GIS are expected to support decision making that could respond differently to chemical release accidents depending on the time of occurrence, thereby minimizing human casualties.
Cause Analysis of Ignition Factors in Educational Facilities and Improvement Measures: Focus on Universities
Authors: Ko Jihun
Published: August 2022

Recently, regular safety inspections for fire prevention have been carried out in universities because of the tightening of safety management regulations. Moreover, the training of research workers on laboratory safety rules has not resulted in significant changes in safety awareness. Therefore, to minimize fire damage through efficient management in the future, we analyzed the causes of fires in educational facilities using the statistical data of the National Fire Information System for fires that occurred in the universities in 2017-2021. Our analysis of the factors of fires showed that electrical factors accounted for 39% of fires, mechanical factors for 13%, chemical factors for 7%, and negligence for 28%. As electrical factors and negligence are the most frequent causes of fires, it is necessary to establish a high level of safety awareness among laboratory personnel and an active attitude towards fire prevention among managers.
Causes of and Preventive Measures against Camping Car Fires
Authors: Lee Euipyeong
Published: August 2022

The number of camping cars is increasing owing to the increasing trend of “untact” healing brought about by the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and the spread of the camping culture. With an increase in the number of camping cars, camping car fires are concurrently on the rise. This study analyzes the fire statistics, fire cases, and regulatory status related to camping cars. As a preventive measure, the study proposes to establish safety standards, install safety facilities, and strengthen safety management measures that must be complied with during the manufacture of camping cars.
An Important Concern for the Analysis of Culprit Artery
Authors: Chang Qinghua , Jin Yuanzhe
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a man in his 50s with hypertension and diabetes who presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset chest pain radiating to his left arm and profuse sweating.
IL‐7 is expressed in malignant mesothelioma and has a prognostic value
Authors: Mai Hoa‐Le , Deshayes Sophie , Nguyen Thi‐Van‐Ha , Dehame Virginie , Chéné Anne‐Laure , Brouard Sophie , Blanquart Christophe
Published: August 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer mainly related to asbestos exposure. Despite recent therapeutic advances, notably immunotherapies, the benefit remains limited and restricted to a small percentage of patients. Thus, a better understanding of the disease is needed to identify new therapeutic strategies. Recently, interleukin 7 receptor (IL‐7R) has been described as being expressed by MPM cells and associated with poorer patient survival. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the IL‐7R/IL‐7 pathway in MPM using patient samples. We found that, although more than 40% of MPM cells expressed IL‐7R, IL‐7 had no effect on their intracellular signaling. Accordingly, the addition of IL‐7 to the culture medium did not affect MPM cell growth. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we showed that high IL7 gene expression in MPM tumors was associated with a higher overall patient survival and an induction of genes involved in the immune response. In pleural effusions (PEs), we found that IL‐7 concentration was not a good diagnostic biomarker. However, we observed that high IL‐7 levels in PEs were associated with shorter survival of MPM patients, but not of lung cancer patients. The prognostic value of IL‐7 was also conserved when only patients with epithelioid mesothelioma, the most common histological type of MPM, were analyzed. Taken together, our study suggests that, although the IL‐7R/IL‐7 signaling pathway is not functional in MPM cells, IL‐7 expression in PEs may have prognostic value in MPM patients.
Electrospun Tri‐Cation Perovskite Nanofibers for Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Kim Min‐Woo , Yuan Yihang , Jeong Sehee , Chong Jenny , Mølnås Håvard , Alaei Aida , Cleveland Iver J. , Liu Na , Ma Yichen , Strauf Stefan , Aydil Eray S. , Sahu Ayaskanta , Kalyon Dilhan M. , Lee Stephanie S.
Published: August 2022

Tri‐cation (Cs+/CH3NH3+/CH(NH2)2+) and dual‐anion (Br–/I–) perovskites are promising light absorbers for inexpensive infrared (IR) photodetectors but degrade under prolonged IR exposure. Here, stable IR photodetectors based on electrospun tri‐cation perovskite fibers infiltrated with hole‐transporting π‐conjugated small molecule 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) are demonstrated. These hybrid perovskite photodetectors operate at a low bias of 5 V and exhibit ultra‐high gains with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) as high as 3009%, decreasing slightly to ≈2770% after 3 months in air. These EQE values are almost ten times larger than those measured for photodetectors comprising bilayer perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD films. A high density of charge traps on electrospun fiber surfaces gives rise to a photomultiplication effect in which photogenerated holes can travel through the active layer multiple times before recombining with trapped electrons. Time‐resolved photoluminescence and conductive atomic force microscopy mapping reveal the improved performance of electrospun fibers to originate from the significantly enhanced interfacial surface area between the perovskite and Spiro‐OMeTAD compared to bilayers. As a solution‐based, scalable and continuous method of depositing perovskite layers, electrospinning thus presents a promising strategy for the inexpensive fabrication of high‐performance IR photodetectors for applications ranging from information technology to imaging.
Indenone Synthesis via Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Annulation
Authors: Hutchinson Lauren E. , Wilger Dale J.
Published: August 2022

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed annulation reactions to synthesize indenones are reviewed, beginning with the Larock indenone synthesis and focusing on the most recent advances in technology. Proposed reaction mechanisms, and the evidence supporting them, are highlighted throughout this review. Current limitations in these reactions are described in detail. Obtaining high regioselectivity remains challenging with several different classes of alkyne. In particular, high‐yielding and regioselective reactions with alkyl‐substituted alkynes remain elusive, as do reactions with terminal alkynes. In the final section, the case is made that indanone synthesis reactions employing alkenes should be further explored.

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Tonsillar Microbiome‐Derived Lantibiotics Induce Structural Changes of IL‐6 and IL‐21 Receptors and Modulate Host Immunity
Authors: Li Jing , Jin Jiayang , Li Shenghui , Zhong Yan , Jin Yuebo , Zhang Xuan , Xia Binbin , Zhu Yinhua , Guo Ruochun , Sun Xiaolin , Guo Jianping , Hu Fanlei , Xiao Wenjing , Huang Fei , Ye Hua , Li Ru , Zhou Yunshan , Xiang Xiaohong , Yao Haihong , Yan Qiulong , Su Li , Wu Lijun , Luo Tuoping , Liu Yudong , Guo Xiaohuan , Qin Junjie , Qi Hai , He Jing , Wang Jun , Li Zhanguo
Published: August 2022

Emerging evidence emphasizes the functional impacts of host microbiome on the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are limited mechanistic insights into the contribution of microbial biomolecules especially microbial peptides toward modulating immune homeostasis. Here, by mining the metagenomics data of
tonsillar microbiome, a deficiency of the encoding genes of lantibiotic peptides salivaricins in RA patients is identified, which shows strong correlation with circulating immune cells. Evidence is provided that the salivaricins exert immunomodulatory effects in inhibiting T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation and interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) production. Mechanically, salivaricins directly bind to and induce conformational changes of IL‐6 and IL‐21 receptors, thereby inhibiting the bindings of IL‐6 and IL‐21 to their receptors and suppressing the downstream signaling pathway. Finally, salivaricin administration exerts both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against experimental arthritis in a murine model of RA. Together, these results provide a mechanism link of microbial peptides‐mediated immunomodulation.
A New Approach toward the Realization of Specific and Label‐Free Biological Sensing Based on Field‐Effect Devices
Authors: Bhattacharyya Ie Mei , Ron Izhar , Shima‐Edelstein Ruth , Pikhay Evgeny , Roizin Yakov , Shalev Gil
Published: August 2022

Specific and label‐free detection of biological interactions is paramount to a plethora of technological applications ranging from home‐care diagnostics to smart agriculture and home security. The biologically‐modified field‐effect transistor (BioFET) is a promising sensing platform due to its inherent signal amplification, low power, and miniaturization. In the following a low‐cost meta‐nano‐channel BioFET (MNC BioFET) is reported that provides means to electrostatically control the size, shape, and location of the conducting channel such as to enhance the coupling between the locally‐occurring electrostatics of the biological interactions and the electrodynamics of the underlying conducting channel. Moreover, it provides means to electrostatically control the Debye screening length at the sensing area to increase the readout signal. The MNC BioFET is fabricated in a large‐scale silicon chip foundry that ensures robustness and stability, optimal noise levels and signal amplification, repeatability, and ultimate miniaturization with the potential for high‐end multiplexing in ultra‐small samples. In the current study, a specific and label‐free sensing of prostate specific antigen with the MNC BioFET is demonstrated, and show the dependency of the sensor signal on the channel configuration. Finally, an order of magnitude enhancement in readout signal is demonstrated by the electrostatic control of the screening length at the sensing area.
Unraveling the Atomic Redox Process in Quantum Conductance and Synaptic Events for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Krishnan Karthik , Vijayaraghavan Saranyan
Published: August 2022

Manipulation of atomic point contact (APC) in memristive devices is considered as an essential approach in emulating biological synaptic functions and paves the way for developing neuromorphic computing systems. In this article, the conductance modulation in a polyvinylimidazole (PVI)‐based memristor that mimics the synaptic functions underlying the sensory memory, short‐term memory, long‐term memory, and forgetting events of the human brain, is demonstrated. A detailed analysis of resistive switching, quantum conductance, and synaptic behaviors in the silver (Ag) included PVI memristor is investigated by means of DC sweep and pulse current–voltage (I–V) measurements. Based on the synaptic plasticity of the Ag‐PVI memristor, the biological synaptic functions such as learning and forgetting two images are mimicked using 5 × 5 synaptic memristor arrays. To explain the relationship between the atomic redox process and synaptic events in the memristor, the I–V/cyclic voltammetry study is introduced. As a consequence, the concentration of charges in the APC region increases as the conductance state increases. This study is essential in order to explore the progressive growth of APC under confined redox reaction in the electrochemical metallization‐based memristors for developing both synaptic devices and high‐density multilevel memories.
Continuous‐flow Diels‐Alder Reactions of Unactivated Dienes over Zeolitic Catalysts
Authors: Masuda Koichiro , Agalave Sandip G. , Chen Wenlong , Onozawa Shun‐ya , Shimada Shigeru , Sato Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Shū
Published: August 2022

Diels–Alder reactions of unactivated dienes with various dienophiles were investigated under continuous‐flow conditions. H‐beta zeolite was found to be a suitable catalyst for this type of transformation, allowing a good productivity of 1.88 kg/dm3⋅day space‐time yield and exhibiting excellent catalyst durability over >72 h of continuous operation. The catalyst was easily recyclable up to four times by simple calcination, without loss of activity.
What Matters for a European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant?
Authors: Anastasaki Athina
Published: August 2022

European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grants are arguably the most competitive grants in Europe and their prestige is fully justified considering that they (i) allow focus on a high risk/high gain project through generous funding of 1.5–2 million Euros, (ii) they can enable the foundation of a new academic group and earn the submitting principal investigator a professorship, and (iii) they serve as a highly reputable award that can either facilitate tenure/promotion or assist in securing a subsequent academic position. However, the journey to getting one is far from easy. In this Viewpoint Article, I will discuss my first two unsuccessful attempts to secure an ERC Starting Grant and how the lessons learned during the process led me to ultimately secure a grant upon my third attempt.
Rechargeable LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.2O2||Graphite Batteries Operating at −60 °C
Authors: Yang Yusi , Chen Yifan , Tan Lulu , Zhang Jianwen , Li Nan , Ji Xiao , Zhu Yujie
Published: August 2022

The rechargeability of contemporary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is challenging at low temperatures, mainly due to the hurdles faced by graphite anodes. Herein, by exploiting the Li‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite, its low‐temperature rechargeability is boosted. Experimental characterizations aided by theoretical calculations demonstrate that the co‐intercalation process is featured by low interfacial resistance with a small charge transfer activation energy (0.23 eV atom−1) and an extremely low diffusion energy barrier (0.09 eV atom−1) which leads to nearly temperature‐independent diffusion coefficients of the solvated Li‐ion in graphite, enabling graphite to be stably charged‐discharged at −60 °C with 73.7 % of its room‐temperature capacity. Consequently, the full‐cell consisting of a LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.2O2cathode and a graphite anode shows impressive rechargeability under −60 °C. This work provides an alternative approach to develop low‐temperature rechargeable LIBs.
Static and Dynamic Gradient Based Directional Transportation of Neutral Molecules in Swollen Polymer Films
Authors: Ali Mohammad A. , Volmert Brett , Evans Christopher M. , Braun Paul V.
Published: August 2022

Materials which selectively transport molecules offer powerful opportunities for concentrating and separating chemical agents. Here, utilizing static and dynamic chemical gradients, transport of molecules within swollen crosslinked polymers is demonstrated. Using an ≈200 μm static hydroxyl to hexyl gradient, the neutral ambipolar nerve agent surrogate diethyl (cyanomethyl)phosphonate (DECP) is directionally transported and concentrated 60‐fold within 4 hours. To accelerate transport kinetics, a dynamic gradient (a “travelling wave”) is utilized. Here, the non‐polar dye pyrene was transported. The dynamic gradient is generated by an ion exchange process triggered by the localized introduction of an aqueous NaCl solution, which converts the gel from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. As the hydrophilic region expands, associated water enters the gel, and pyrene is pushed ahead of the expansion front. The dynamic gradient provides about 10‐fold faster transport kinetics than the static gradient.
An Inorganic Huisgen Reaction between a 1,2‐Diboraallene and an Azide to Access a Diboratriazole
Authors: Zhu Lizhao , Kinjo Rei
Published: August 2022

Regioselective Huisgen cycloaddition reaction between 1,2‐diboraallene and azide proceeds under catalyst‐free and mild conditions to furnish a diboratriazole (2). X‐ray diffraction analysis and computational studies confirmed the delocalization of π electrons over the B2N3five‐membered ring of (2), indicating its aromatic features. Molecule (2) spontaneously releases N2to form the 2,3‐dibora‐4‐aza‐1,3‐butenyne derivative (3). The mechanism of a whole reaction profile was extensively investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Lithium‐Ion Thermal Charging Cell with Giant Thermopower for Low‐Grade Heat Harvesting
Authors: Xu Yinghong , Li Zhiwei , Wu Langyuan , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: August 2022

Liquid‐based thermoelectric cells integrate energy harvesting and storage technology, becoming the focus of energy fields. However, the simultaneous implement of high output voltage and heat‐to‐electricity efficiency is still challenging. Herein, we propose a lithium‐ion thermal charging cell using lithium anode and electrospun zinc vanadate@carbon nanofiber cathode. Benefitting from the superior performance of electrode and the significant difference between the size of cation and anion in electrolyte, such system can continuously realize the harvesting and conversion of low‐grade heat into electricity. Consequently, an open‐circuit voltage of about 2.1 V can be generated at a low temperature gradient of 25 K together with an ultrahigh thermopower of 47.9 mV K−1and a remarkable power density of 9.2 W m−2. Moreover, an impressive Carnot‐related efficiency (5.2 %) can be achieved under same conditions. This work confirms the superiority of organic thermoelectric system and provides a new insight to develop promising thermal charging cell for sustainable applications.
Improved Interface Stability and Zinc‐Ions Distribution Achieved by Functional Protective Layer Containing Abundant Oxygen Sites and Regular Channels for Long‐Life Zinc‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Tiancun , Ji Yaling , You Jianhua , Cai Chen , Wen Yi , Yao Zhujun , Yang Yefeng
Published: August 2022

Aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention for the high safety, economy and nontoxic property, but further practical applications are still hindered due to the severe interfacial corrosion and annoying dendrite growth. Herein, a functional protective layer (FPL) containing abundant oxygen sites and regular channels is proposed as the surface coating to stabilize the Zn‐metal anode. Specifically, transferred free water molecules and mitigated Zn‐ions can be attracted by these polar oxygen sites, beneficially reliving corrosion behavior, reducing side reactions and inducing uniform Zn deposition. Furthermore, the cross‐linked structure with opening channels of FPL benefits electrolyte to quickly arrive the electrode surface and maintain the superior movement of Zn‐ions. As a result, a superior cycling performance with high stability of 450 h at 5 mA cm−2and excellent rate behavior have been endowed by Zn electrode loading FPL. In the exploration of practical utilization, full battery consisting of Zn@FPL anode and cathode adopting commercial MnO2powder also exhibits an outstanding capacity retention of 98.9 % after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The proposed strategy of constructing a protective layer with functional sites and opening structure shows a good guiding significance for protecting Zn‐metal anode.
2D Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction: Discussing Structure Efficiency Strategies and Prospects for Scaled Production Based on Current Progress
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Li Kai , Wang Guangtao , Li Xiang , Zhou Pengyu , Ding Shichao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Chang Yu‐Chung , Zhou Yuanzhen , Zhu Wenlei
Published: August 2022

Currently, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels is accompanied by massive emissions of CO2, leading to severe energy shortages and intensified global warming. It is of great significance to develop and use renewable clean energy while reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Photocatalytic technology is a promising strategy for carbon dioxide conversion. Clearly, the achievement of the above goals largely depends on the design and construction of catalysts. This review is mainly focused on the application of 2D materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The contribution of synthetic strategies to their structure and performance is emphasized. Finally, the current challenges, and prospects of 2D materials for photoreduction of CO2 with high efficiency, even for practical applications are discussed. It is hoped that this review can provide some guidance for the rational design, controllable synthesis of 2D materials, and their application for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Transient neurochemical features of the perigeniculate neurons during early postnatal development of the cat
Authors: Merkulyeva Natalia , Mikhalkin Аleksandr , Kostareva Anna , Vavilova Tatyana
Published: August 2022

The thalamic reticular nucleus receives axons from the thalamic sensory nuclei and the cerebral cortex. The visual part of this nucleus in carnivores is the perigeniculate nucleus located dorsal to the lateral geniculate nucleus. The perigeniculate nucleus participates in the modulation of visual processing and in the transition of synchronized slow rhythmicity during sleep into desynchronized high‐frequency activity during arousal and consists of inhibitory neurons. The main neurochemical markers for perigeniculate neurons are glutamic acid decarboxylase and Ca2+‐binding protein parvalbumin. Previous studies of postnatal development focused on the morphological features of the perigeniculate nucleus; however, its neurochemistry remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the postnatal development of perigeniculate neurons using immunohistochemical labeling of parvalbumin, two related Ca2+‐binding proteins (calretinin and calbindin), glutamic acid decarboxylase, and a common neuronal protein, NeuN, in kittens that were 0–123 days old and in adult cats. In parallel with the well‐known dominant neuronal populations expressing parvalbumin and GAD67 and persisting until adulthood, transient populations expressing calretinin and calbindin were observed. The calbindin‐positive neurons were similar to the main perigeniculate population and showed close morphological features and parvalbumin coexpression. In contrast, the calretinin‐positive neurons differed in their morphological characteristics and did not express GAD67, thus distinguishing them from the majority of perigeniculate neurons. A possible link between these populations was revealed, and the development of thalamocortical processing is discussed.
Influence of LiTaO3(0001) and KTaO3(001) Perovskites Structures on the Molecular Adsorption of Styrene and Styrene oxide: A Theoretical Insight by Periodic DFT Calculations
Authors: Toledo Felipe , Schott Eduardo , Saavedra‐Torres Mario , Delgado Eduardo , Pecchi Gina , Zarate Ximena
Published: August 2022

In this research, the adsorption of styrene and styrene oxide, both biomass derivatives, on KTaO3(001) and LiTaO3(0001) perovskite‐like structures was studied from a theoretical point of view. The study was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption phenomenon was deeply studied by calculating the adsorption energies (Eads), adsorbate‐surface distances (Å) and evaluating the differences of charge density and charge transfer (ΔCT). For complexes adsorbed on KTaO3 (TaO2, KO and K(OH)2 exposed layers), the highest Eads was found for styrene oxide, attributed to the oxygen reactivity of the epoxy group describing a strong interaction with the surface. However, when evaluating a K(O)2 model, a more favorable interaction of styrene with the surface is observed, resulting in a high Eads of −9.9 eV and a ΔCT of 3.1e. For LiTaO3, more favorable interactions are found for both adsorbates compared to KTaO3, evidenced by the higher adsorption energies and charge density differences, particularly for the styrene complex adsorbed on TaO2 exposed layer (Eads: −10.2 eV). For the LiO termination, the surface exposed oxygens are fundamental for the adsorption of styrene and styrene oxide, leading to a considerable structural distortion. The obtained results thus provide understanding of the structural features, surface reactivity and adsorption sites of LiTaO3 and KTaO3 perovskite in the context of a heterogeneous catalytic process, such as the oxidation of styrene.
Low‐boiling Point Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as Dual‐Phase Dual‐Modality MR/US Contrast Agent
Authors: McHugh Christian T. , Durham Phillip G. , Atalla Sebastian , Kelley Michele , Bryden Nicholas J. , Dayton Paul A. , Branca Rosa T.
Published: August 2022

Detection of bare gas microbubbles by magnetic resonance (MR) at low concentrations typically used in clinical contrast‐ultrasound studies was recently demonstrated using hyperCEST. Despite the enhanced sensitivity achieved with hyperCEST, in vivo translation is challenging as on‐resonance saturation of the gas‐phase core of microbubbles consequently results in saturation of the gas‐phase hyperpolarized 129Xe within the lungs. Alternatively, microbubbles can be condensed into the liquid phase to form perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, where 129Xe resonates at a chemical shift that is separated from the gas‐phase signal in the lungs. For ultrasound applications, nanodroplets can be acoustically reverted back into their microbubble form to act as a phase‐change contrast agent. Here, we show that low‐boiling point perfluorocarbons, both in their liquid and gas form, generate phase‐dependent hyperCEST contrast. Magnetic resonance detection of ultrasound‐mediated phase transition demonstrates that these perfluorocarbons could be used as a dual‐phase dual‐modality MR/US contrast agent.
Comparative phenomics of root architecture and anatomy in Phaseolus species
Authors: Massas Anica Sandra F. , Strock Christopher F. , Schneider Hannah M. , Debouck Daniel G. , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P.
Published: August 2022

Phaseolus species are globally important food security crops. Drought and low soil fertility are primary constraints to Phaseolus production in developing nations. Root phenes have important roles in soil resource capture and plant performance. We profiled root phenotypes in 30 wild and seven domesticated Phaseolus taxa in laboratory and greenhouse environments. Our results reveal that substantial variation for root phenotypes exists among and within Phaseolus taxa, notably for phenes such as basal root number, basal root whorl number, root hair length, root hair density, metaxylem vessel number, and total cross‐sectional area. Wild taxa display greater genetic variation for root architecture and anatomy and possess desirable phenotypes that are either not found or are not sufficiently expressed in domesticated accessions. Consequently, wild taxa represent an important resource for breeding programs to improve abiotic stress tolerance. Root phenotypes were also associated with the environment in the region of origin, suggesting that they have adaptive value. We speculate that significant variation in root phenotypes across different Phaseolus species is related to their abiotic stress tolerance and are valuable for breeding programs focused on improving edaphic stress tolerance.
Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides
Authors: Ranjan Prabodh , Saptal Vitthal B. , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: August 2022

The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal‐based catalytic CO2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re‐balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal‐like reactivity, ceramic‐like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO2 adsorption and its conversion into value‐added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
Segmented Structure Design of Carbon Ring In‐Plane Embedded in g‐C3N4 Nanotubes for Ultra‐High Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wu Xiaobo , Fan Huiqing , Wang Weijia , Lei Lin , Chang Xinye , Ma Longtao
Published: August 2022

The photocatalytic water splitting capability of metal‐free graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst is determined by its microstructure and photoexcited electrons transfer. Herein, a segmented structure was developed, consisting of alternant g‐C3N4 nanotubes and graphitic carbon rings (denoted as Cr‐CN‐NT). The Cr‐CN‐NT showed ordered structure and ultralong length/diameter ratio of 150 nm in diameter and a few microns in lengths, which promoted electron transport kinetics and elongated photocarrier diffusion length and lifetime. Meanwhile, the local in‐plane π‐conjugation was formed and extended in Cr‐CN‐NT, which could improve charge carrier density and prohibit electron–hole recombination. Accordingly, the average hydrogen evolution rate of Cr‐CN‐NT reached 9245 μmol h−1 g−1, which was 61.6 times that of pristine CN, and the remarkable apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of Cr‐CN‐NT reached up to 12.86 % at 420 nm. This work may provide a pathway for simultaneous morphology regulation and in‐plane modification of high‐performance photocatalysts.
Neratinib inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by activating autophagy‐dependent ferroptosis
Authors: Ma Hongxia , Liu Yang , Miao Zhen , Cheng Shijia , Zhu Yunan , Wu Yifan , Fan Xinxin , Yang Jing , Li Xingang , Guo Liyin
Published: August 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy with increased lethality. We focused on elucidating the role of Neratinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the progression of AML and identify the potential mechanisms. Upon the treatment of Neratinib, autophagy suppressor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and ferroptosis stimulator Erastin, the viability and proliferation of HL‐60 cells were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐Ethynyl‐20‐Deoxyuridine staining assays. A flow cytometer was to observe cell cycle and apoptosis. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested via 2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate  assay. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Fe2+ activity were examined with commercial kits. LC3‐II expression was examined by using immunofluoresence staining. Western blot analysis ascertained the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy‐associated proteins. It was noted that Neratinib notably mitigated cell viability and proliferation, cut down Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Moreover, Neratinib hindered cell cycle at G0/G1 phase whereas exacerbated apoptosis. ROS, MDA and Fe2+ activities were elevated by Neratinib, coupled with the reduced glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain 1 expression and enhanced acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 expression. Furthermore, Neratinib promoted autophagy of HL‐60 cells, evidenced by raised LC3‐II, ATG5, Beclin1 expression and lessened p62 expression. Importantly, 3‐MA eased the impacts of Neratinib on cell ferroptosis, proliferation and apoptosis, which were offset by further administration of Erastin. To conclude, Neratinib could suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis of HL‐60 cells through autophagy‐dependent ferroptosis.
Acute diabetic foot in post kidney transplantation patients receiving chronic immunosuppression—clinical presentation and outcomes
Authors: Gorin Kobi , Cahn Avivit , Leibovitch Michal , Peled Shachar , Perzon Ofer , Tzukert Keren , Haze Amir , Elishoov Ofer , Olshtain‐Pops Karen , Gelman Yechiel Nisan
Published: August 2022

Aims

Data regarding diabetic foot ulcers in patients after solid organ transplantation, particularly kidney transplantation, are limited. Chronic immunosuppression may be associated with impaired wound healing and a higher risk of amputations. In this study, we characterised the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients after kidney transplantation admitted to the diabetic foot unit, compared to non‐kidney‐transplant patients.

Materials and Methods

Data on the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of all patients admitted to the diabetic foot unit of a large tertiary centre between the years 2014 and 2019 were collected. The most recent admission of each patient was considered. Primary outcomes were major amputations and 1 year mortality rate.

Results

During the study period, 537 patients were hospitalised, 18 of them were receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to kidney transplantation. Baseline characteristics of the patients were broadly similar, except that smoking was reported by 22.0% of the non‐transplant patients and by none of the post‐transplant patients (p = 0.01). Post‐transplant patients tended to be younger (59.4 ± 11.1 vs. 65.3 ± 12.2; p = 0.07), were more likely to have type‐1 diabetes (16.7% vs. 5.2%; p = 0.07) and had lower glucose levels upon admission (9.4 ± 4.3 vs. 12.0 ± 6.4 mmol/L; p = 0.07). Overall, 30% of the patients underwent major amputation, in‐patient mortality rate was 9.3%, and 1 year mortality rate was 27.2%. Rates were similar in the post‐transplant versus the non‐post‐transplant patients (p = 0.83, 1.00, 0.59, respectively).

Conclusions

Post‐transplant patients did not incur worse outcomes in spite of immunosuppressive therapy. Limb salvage efforts should be pursued in these patients similar to the overall population.