bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Multidisciplinary Audit of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® Programs at a Single Institution
Authors: Pickens Ryan C. , Cochran Allyson R. , Lyman William B. , King Lacey , Iannitti David A. , Martinie John B. , Baker Erin H. , Ocuin Lee M. , Riggs Stephen B. , Davis Bradley R. , Matthews Brent D. , Vrochides Dionisios
Published: September 2020

Background

As Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) programs expand across numerous subspecialties, growth and sustainability on a system level becomes increasingly important and may benefit from reporting multidisciplinary and financial data. However, the literature on multidisciplinary outcome analysis in ERAS is sparse. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of multidisciplinary ERAS auditing in a hospital system. Additionally, we describe developing a financial metric for use in gaining support for system‐wide ERAS adoption and sustainability.

Methods

Data from HPB, colorectal and urology ERAS programs at a single institution were analyzed from a prospective ERAS Interactive Audit System (EIAS) database from September 2015 to June 2019. Clinical 30‐day outcomes for the ERAS cohort (n = 1374) were compared to the EIAS pre‐ERAS control (n = 311). Association between improved ERAS compliance and improved outcomes were also assessed for the ERAS cohort. The potential multidisciplinary financial impact was estimated from hospital bed charges.

Results

Multidisciplinary auditing demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative length of stay (LOS) (1.5 days, p < 0.001) for ERAS patients in aggregate and improved ERAS compliance was associated with reduced LOS (coefficient − 0.04, p = 0.004). Improved ERAS compliance in aggregate also significantly associated with improved 30‐day survival (odds ratio 1.04, p = 0.001). Multidisciplinary analysis also demonstrated a potential financial impact of 44% savings (p < 0.001) by reducing hospital bed charges across all specialties.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary auditing of ERAS programs may improve ERAS program support and expansion. Analysis across subspecialties demonstrated associations between improved ERAS compliance and postoperative LOS as well as 30‐day survival, and further suggested a substantial combined financial impact.
Growth Regulation and Validation of Homogeneity in In Vitro-Derived Bleeding Heart by Molecular Markers and Spectral Analysis of Pigments
Authors: Kulus Dariusz , de Dieu Muhire Jean , Aksoy Barkin
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to analyze the morphogenetic events in Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’ micropropagated in various culture media, and to evaluate the biochemical and genetic stability of the produced plants. None of the sixteen tested plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations improved the micropropagation efficiency or morphological traits of shoots in ‘Gold Heart’ compared to the PGRs-free control, indicating low intrinsic regenerability of this cultivar. As for bleeding heart ‘White Gold’, culture medium with 0.5 mg·L−1 IBA and 2.0 mg·L−1 BA was optimal in terms of multiplication ratio (9.8) and shoot parameters. Addition of PGRs was necessary for effective rooting in both cultivars studied. Some experimental combinations declined the concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the shoots of bleeding heart, especially if a significant amount of callus was formed at the shoot base. The PGR-supplemented media stimulated the abundant secretion of phenols by shoots. The survival rate and quality of the plantlets after acclimatization varied from 0.0 to 100%, depending on the composition of the multiplication medium. Plants with a higher number of leaves were more likely to survive acclimatization. Somaclonal variation was detected in 36.8 to even 69.1% of in vitro-derived plants by two genetic marker systems. Most of that variation was irrelevant, however, some genotypes were significantly different from the predominant control.
Visual outcomes endorse surgery of patients with spheno-orbital meningioma with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis
Authors: Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , Genders Stijn W. , van Furth Wouter R.
Published: September 2020

Abtract

Background

Most spheno-orbital meningioma series span multiple decades, and predictors of visual outcomes have not yet been systemically assessed. We describe visual outcomes in a recent cohort and assess predictors of postoperative visual outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive case series operated by a team of a neurosurgeon and orbital surgeon between May 2015 and January 2019. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual fields (static perimetry), and relative proptosis were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 3/6/12 months after which it was assessed yearly. Predictors were assessed with linear regression analysis.

Results

Nineteen patients (all WHO grade I) were operated by the pterional approach (median follow-up 2.4 years). Preoperative visual acuity deficits (n = 10) normalized in 70% and improved in 10% (median preoperative: 0.8, postoperative: 1.2, p = 0.021). Preoperative visual field deficits (n = 8) normalized in all patients (preoperative: − 6.5 dB, postoperative: − 1.5 dB, p = 0.008). Preoperative proptosis (n = 16) normalized in 44% and improved in 56% (preoperative: 5 mm, postoperative: 2 mm, p < 0.001). BCVA and visual fields remained stable at longer follow-up in 95% of patients, while 21% showed progression of proptosis. Predictors for worse longer-term (> 12 months) BCVA were worse preoperative BCVA (p = 0.002) and diagnosis of multiple meningioma (p = 0.021). Predictors for worse longer-term visual fields were higher diameter of hyperostosis (p = 0.009) and higher Simpson grade (p = 0.032). Predictor for short-term (3 months) proptosis was preoperative proptosis (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

We recommend surgery, even of patients with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis, as patients who present with deteriorated visual function or extensive hyperostosis are less likely to have postoperative visual outcomes restored to normal.
Einfluss der Reihenfolge von Items auf die diagnostische Qualität von Vorsichtungsalgorithmen hinsichtlich der Vergabe der Sichtungskategorie I
Authors: Neidel T. , Heller A. R.
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund

Großschadenslagen stellen den Rettungsdienst vor die Herausforderung, vielen Patienten mit begrenzten Ressourcen das Überleben zu sichern. Um hier eine Fehlverteilung von Ressourcen zu verhindern, ist eine genaue Vorsichtung essenziell. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass bei den verwendeten Vorsichtungsalgorithmen weiterhin Verbesserungsbedarf besteht.

Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir, welchen Einfluss eine veränderte Reihenfolge der Abfragen/Items auf die Qualität der Vorsichtungsalgorithmen hat.

Material und Methoden

Wir verwendeten eine Datenbank von 492 Luftrettungseinsätzen. Allen Patienten wurde durch eine Gruppe von Notärzten eine Referenzsichtungskategorie (SK) vergeben. Die Vorsichtungsalgorithmen mSTaRT, ASAV und PRIOR wurden in Excel-Befehle übersetzt und die SK für jeden Patienten berechnet. Anschließend rotierte die Reihenfolge der Items. Die berechneten SK wurden hinsichtlich Sensitivität, Spezifität, Unter‑/Übertriage und Youden-Index für die SK I (rot) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

mSTaRT zeigte keinerlei Veränderung der Qualität. Die Originalvariante von ASAV erreichte die beste Performance. Eine Rotation der Items führte zu einer Zunahme der Übertriage um 15 % bei sinkender Qualität. PRIOR profitierte am meisten von den Rotationen, wobei insbesondere die Variante mit einer initialen Abfrage der Gehfähigkeit zu einer Abnahme der Übertriage von 22 % führte. Dies führte zur stärksten Verbesserung des Youden-Index (+0,12).

Diskussion

Wir konnten demonstrieren, dass eine Rotation der Items innerhalb der Vorsichtungsalgorithmen ASAV und PRIOR einen Einfluss auf Über- und Untertriage hat. Insbesondere die Position der Abfrage der Gehfähigkeit hat einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Spezifität der Algorithmen.
Intensive slurry management and climate change promote nitrogen mining from organic matter-rich montane grassland soils
Authors: Schlingmann Marcus , Tobler Ursina , Berauer Bernd , Garcia-Franco Noelia , Wilfahrt Peter , Wiesmeier Martin , Jentsch Anke , Wolf Benjamin , Kiese Ralf , Dannenmann Michael
Published: September 2020

Aims

Consequences of climate change and land use intensification on the nitrogen (N) cycle of organic-matter rich grassland soils in the alpine region remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify fates of fertilizer N and to determine the overall N balance of an organic-matter rich grassland in the European alpine region as influenced by intensified management and warming.

Methods

We combined15N cattle slurry labelling with a space for time climate change experiment, which was based on translocation of intact plant-soil mesocosms down an elevational gradient to induce warming of +1 °C and + 3 °C. Mesocosms were subject to either extensive or intensive management. The fate of slurry-N was traced in the plant-soil system.

Results

Grassland productivity was very high (8.2 t - 19.4 t dm ha−1 yr−1), recovery of slurry15N in mowed plant biomass was, however, low (9.6–14.7%), illustrating low fertilizer N use efficiency and high supply of plant available N via mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM). Higher15N recovery rates (20.2–31.8%) were found in the soil N pool, dominated by recovery in unextractable N. Total15N recovery was approximately half of the applied tracer, indicating substantial loss to the environment. Overall, high N export by harvest (107–360 kg N ha−1 yr−1) markedly exceeded N inputs, leading to a negative grassland N balance.

Conclusions

Here provided results suggests a risk of soil N mining in montane grasslands, which increases both under climate change and land use intensification.
On solving variational inequalities defined on fixed point sets of multivalued mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Xu Hong-Kun , Muglia Luigi
Published: September 2020

We are concerned with the problem of solving variational inequalities which are defined on the set of fixed points of a multivalued nonexpansive mapping in a reflexive Banach space. Both implicit and explicit approaches are studied. Strong convergence of the implicit method is proved if the space satisfies Opial’s condition and has a duality map weakly continuous at zero, and the strong convergence of the explicit method is proved if the space has a weakly continuous duality map. An essential assumption on the multivalued nonexpansive mapping is that the mapping be single valued on its nonempty set of fixed points.
School Bullying, Perpetration, and Cyberhate: Overlapping Issues
Authors: Blaya Catherine , Audrin Catherine , Skrzypiec Grace
Published: September 2020

In an international context of increasing racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, and Islamophobia in Europe and the USA (FRA, 2013; Hawdon et al. 2015), social media provide a privileged tool for propaganda and victimization. Issues of racism and xenophobia have become more prevalent both in “real life” and on the Internet. This study presents the results of a self-reported questionnaire survey on cyberhate among 1900 French students, age 12–20, where we investigated the association between school bullying and cyberhate victimization and perpetration. Findings show that bullying and cyberhate are a common experience for quite a few young people. Structural equation models provide evidence of the association between ordinary offline victimization and involvement in cyberhate. Our findings for cyberhate provide further evidence suggesting an overlap between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. They confirm the need for further research to acquire a better understanding of the processes that underscore individual involvement in online hate in order to inform effective interventions.
Characterizing networks of propaganda on twitter: a case study
Authors: Guarino Stefano , Trino Noemi , Celestini Alessandro , Chessa Alessandro , Riotta Gianni
Published: September 2020

The daily exposure of social media users to propaganda and disinformation campaigns has reinvigorated the need to investigate the local and global patterns of diffusion of different (mis)information content on social media. Echo chambers and influencers are often deemed responsible of both the polarization of users in online social networks and the success of propaganda and disinformation campaigns. This article adopts a data-driven approach to investigate the structuration of communities and propaganda networks on Twitter in order to assess the correctness of these imputations. In particular, the work aims at characterizing networks of propaganda extracted from a Twitter dataset by combining the information gained by three different classification approaches, focused respectively on (i) using Tweets content to infer the “polarization” of users around a specific topic, (ii) identifying users having an active role in the diffusion of different propaganda and disinformation items, and (iii) analyzing social ties to identify topological clusters and users playing a “central” role in the network. The work identifies highly partisan community structures along political alignments; furthermore, centrality metrics proved to be very informative to detect the most active users in the network and to distinguish users playing different roles; finally, polarization and clustering structure of the retweet graphs provided useful insights about relevant properties of users exposure, interactions, and participation to different propaganda items.
Quality improvement in long-term care settings: a scoping review of effective strategies used in care homes
Authors: Chadborn Neil H. , Devi Reena , Hinsliff-Smith Kathryn , Banerjee Jay , Gordon Adam L.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

We conducted a scoping review of quality improvement in care homes. We aimed to identify participating occupational groups and methods for evaluation. Secondly, we aimed to describe resident-level interventions and which outcomes were measured.

Methods

Following extended PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews, we conducted systematic searches of Medline, CINAHL, Psychinfo, and ASSIA (2000–2019). Furthermore, we searched systematic reviews databases including Cochrane Library and JBI, and the grey literature database, Greylit. Four co-authors contributed to selection and data extraction.

Results

Sixty five studies were included, 6 of which had multiple publications (75 articles overall). A range of quality improvement strategies were implemented, including audit feedback and quality improvement collaboratives. Methods consisted of controlled trials, quantitative time series and qualitative interview and observational studies. Process evaluations, involving staff of various occupational groups, described experiences and implementation measures. Many studies measured resident-level outputs and health outcomes. 14 studies reported improvements to a clinical measure; however, four of these articles were of low quality. Larger randomised controlled studies did not show statistically significant benefits to resident health outcomes.

Conclusion

In care homes, quality improvement has been applied with several different strategies, being evaluated by a variety of measures. In terms of measuring benefits to residents, process outputs and health outcomes have been reported. There was no pattern of which quality improvement strategy was used for which clinical problem. Further development of reporting of quality improvement projects and outcomes could facilitate implementation.
Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of the Outcome of a Re-Induction with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stege H. M. , Bradfisch F. , Fleischer M. I. , Mohr P. , Ugurel S. , Terheyden P. , Thiem A. , Kiecker F. , Leiter U. , Becker J. C. , Grabbe S. , Loquai C.
Published: September 2020

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by establishing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Tumor progression, durable response, or adverse events may lead to ICI discontinuation in MCC patients. If in these patients tumor progression occurs, the question remains if re-induction with ICI achieves renewed tumor response. This retrospective multicenter study evaluated patients in with re-induction of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced MCC. Clinical data were extracted at treatment initiation, tumor response, treatment cessation, and subsequent tumor response to re-induction. Eight patients from seven centers (mean age 67.8 years) were included. The median duration of initial therapy with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 was 9.6 months (2–21 months). Two patients achieved complete response (CR), four patients partial response (PR), one patient stable disease (SD), while in one patient progressive disease (PD) occurred as best overall response (BOR) to ICI. Reason for discontinuation of ICI was PD in three patients and severe adverse events in five patients. Following a median anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy-free interval of 9.5 months (3–18 months), re-induction with ICI therapy was initiated. Five of eight patients (62.5%) achieved an objective response upon re-induction, while in three patients, no response could be observed. Notably, adverse events, which had led to the discontinuation of the first ICI treatment line, were not observed upon re-induction. The initial response to immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to be an important marker for successful re-induction. Interestingly, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were not observed during re-induction.
Estimating dissolved carbon concentrations in global soils: a global database and model
Authors: Langeveld Joep , Bouwman Alexander F. , van Hoek Wim Joost , Vilmin Lauriane , Beusen Arthur H. W. , Mogollón José M. , Middelburg Jack J.
Published: September 2020

Dissolved carbon (C) leaching in and from soils plays an important role in C transport along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. However, a global overview and analysis of dissolved carbon in soil solutions, covering a wide range of vegetation types and climates, is lacking. We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions, including potential governing factors, with 762 entries from 351 different sites covering a range of climate zones, land cover types and soil classes. Using this database we develop regression models to calculate topsoil concentrations, and concentrations versus depth in the subsoil at the global scale. For DIC, the lack of a proportional globally distributed cover inhibits analysis on a global scale. For DOC, annual average concentrations range from 1.7 to 88.3 (median = 25.27) mg C/L for topsoils (n = 255) and from 0.42 to 372.1 (median = 5.50) mg C/L for subsoils (n = 285, excluding lab incubations). Highest topsoil values occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. In topsoils, multiple regression showed that precipitation is the most significant factor. Our global topsoil DOC model ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.36$$R2=0.36) uses precipitation, soil class, climate zone and land cover type as model factors. Our global subsoil model describes DOC concentrations vs. depth for different USDA soil classes (overall ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.45$$R2=0.45). Highest subsoil DOC concentrations are calculated for Histosols.
Influence of the stiffness of machine axes on the formation of wrinkles during rotary draw bending
Authors: Borchmann Linda , Heftrich Christopher , Engel Bernd
Published: September 2020

This study presents that finite element (FE) simulations of rotary draw bending are improved by taking into account the stiffnesses of the machine axes. The results show the influence of the axis stiffnesses of the bend die, the wiper die, the pressure die and the mandrel on the formation of wrinkles at the inner tube bend. For this purpose the axis stiffnesses are varied in FE-simulations and wrinkle evaluation factors of the final components are determined and compared. Low axis stiffnesses correspond to large axial displacements when force is applied and cause greater wrinkle formation. In addition, practical tests are carried out on the machine to measure the axis displacements and associated forces. The resulting axis stiffnesses are entered into the FE simulation. The final geometry of the bending component of the FE simulation is compared with the geometry of a component produced in a practical test. The consideration of the axis stiffness in the calculation in contrast to ideally stiff axes provides wrinkle heights that are closer to the wrinkle heights in the practical test. The knowledge gained improves the prediction of the component quality and allows the evaluation of axis displacements measured on bending machines. The overall aim of the project is to react to machine-specific axis stiffnesses in the form of process control.
Heading towards an unsustainable world: some of the implications of not achieving the SDGs
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Wolf Franziska , Lange Salvia Amanda , Beynaghi Ali , Shulla Kalterina , Kovaleva Marina , Vasconcelos Claudio R. P.
Published: September 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were conceived at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in 2012 (Rio + 20), and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015. They are part of a larger framework, namely the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since then, many countries round the world have been engaging in respect of their implementation. The slow progress seen in the implementation of the SDGs, is in contrast with the many negative implications of not implementing them. This paper outlines the relevance of the SDGs, the barriers currently seen in respect of their implementation and outlines what is at stake, if they are not duly implemented. To accomplish this, a thorough literature review of contributions published
in the field of SDGs in English between the years 2012–2020 was performed.
Adolescents’ perceptions of sexual health education programs: An integrative review
Authors: Corcoran Jessica L. , Davies Susan L. , Knight Candace C. , Lanzi Robin G. , Li Peng , Ladores Sigrid L.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Adolescents are key stakeholders in sexual health education, yet they are rarely consulted when developing sexual health programs. Their voices are integral to improving the delivery of relevant and appropriate school‐based sexual health education to promote safer adolescent sexual behaviors.

Methods

An integrative review was conducted utilizing three databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). The PRISMA and matrix method were used to search the literature and synthesize the findings from 16 articles regarding adolescent perceptions of school‐based sexual health education.

Results

The main themes that emerged from this review included: (a) factors influencing adolescent perceptions of sexual health education programs, (b) characteristics of good sexual health education programs, and (c) areas of improvement in sexual health education programs.

Conclusion

Adolescents overwhelmingly requested honest, comprehensive content delivered by nonjudgmental, well‐educated health professionals in a comfortable environment.
Unmet needs as indicator of improving chronic care delivery system in China
Authors: Ke Xia‐Tong , Wang Chun‐Lu , Salmon Jack Warren , Tang Wen‐Xi
Published: September 2020

In 2009, China strengthened its public health service system. Since then, the country has made remarkable achievements in community‐based chronic disease prevention and control; however, certain groups still have unmet needs. During 2019 to 2029, China will consolidate the top‐level design of its medical health system. During this period, the coordination of department policies, improvement of service delivery mechanisms, building an integrated health service system, and other issues will be highlighted. This study will provide a basis for designing China's chronic disease prevention and control system during the next stage of development. We will consider the unmet needs of patients with chronic diseases as an indicator for remodeling the prediction system in combination with the elements and structural theories of complex health systems. In this article, we first introduce the definition and measurement methods of unmet needs. Second, we identify the existing unmet needs found among patients with chronic diseases with reference to the chronic disease prevention and control policies of China as well as current service items. Finally, we propose the design of community chronic disease service package for the next development stage based on unmet needs of patients with chronic diseases. We also provide suggestions for how to improve China's chronic care delivery system.
Water Provenance at the Old River Bed Inland Delta and Ground Water Flow from the Sevier Basin of Central Utah during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
Authors: Bradbury Christopher D. , Jewell Paul W. , Fernandez Diego P. , Lerback Jory C. , DeGraffenried Jennifer V. , Petersen Erich U.
Published: September 2020

To ascertain the provenance of water reaching wetlands in an area sustaining a population of Pleistocene–Holocene foragers, 87-strontium/86-strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of mollusks from channels of the Old River Bed inland delta of central Utah were measured. Potential provenances examined included overflow from Pleistocene–Holocene Lake Gunnison, ground water flow from the Sevier basin, ground water discharge from piedmont aquifers infiltrated by Lake Bonneville, and ground waters from local regional aquifers. Old River Bed inland delta channels active from ~13.2 cal ka BP until ~11.2 cal ka BP have87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70930–0.71049 that are consistent with water sourced from Lake Gunnison in the Sevier basin. Inland delta channels active from ~11.2 cal ka BP until shortly after ~9.3 cal ka BP have87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70977–0.71033, suggesting ground water flowed from the Sevier basin during the early Holocene. Ratios of87Sr/86Sr did not match known values for Lake Bonneville, but the youngest Old River Bed inland delta channel system has an87Sr/86Sr ratio consistent with a local ground water source, perhaps Government Creek. Consistent ground water discharge may explain the persistence of foragers in the region despite the increasingly arid climate of the Great Basin.
Dietary protein considerations for muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass preservation in older adults
Authors: Olaniyan Eunice T. , O’Halloran Fiona , McCarthy Aoife L.
Published: September 2020

Amino acid bioavailability is critical for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and preservation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Ageing is associated with reduced responsiveness of MPS to essential amino acids (EAA). Further, the older adult population experiences anabolic resistance, leading to increased frailty, functional decline and depleted muscle mass preservation, which facilitates the need for increased protein intake to increase their SMM. This review focuses on the role of proteins in muscle mass preservation and examines the contribution of EAA and protein intake patterns to MPS. Leucine is the most widely studied amino acid for its role as a potent stimulator of MPS, though due to inadequate data little is yet known about the role of other EAA. Reaching a conclusion on the best pattern of protein intake has proven difficult due to conflicting studies. A mixture of animal and plant proteins can contribute to increased MPS and potentially attenuate muscle wasting conditions; however, there is limited research on the biological impact of protein blends in older adults. While there is some evidence to suggest that liquid protein foods with higher than the RDA of protein may be the best strategy for achieving high MPS rates in older adults, clinical trials are warranted to confirm an association between food form and SMM preservation. Further research is warranted before adequate recommendations and strategies for optimising SMM in the elderly population can be proposed.
A scoping review of literature describing the nutritional status and diets of adolescents in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Jesson Julie , Kouakou Egnon KV , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Adonis Laurence , Wrottesley Stephanie V , Leroy Valériane , Fall Caroline
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Adolescents living in resource-limited settings remain a neglected population regarding their nutritional health. We reviewed what studies on nutrition have been conducted for adolescents living in Côte d’Ivoire.

Design:

A scoping literature review, searching for any quantitative studies published from 1 January 2000 to 1 May 2019, referenced in PubMed and grey literature, related to adolescent nutritional status and diet, written in English or French.

Setting:

Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Subjects:

Adolescent girls and boys (aged 10–19 years).

Results:

We used three search strategies to explore studies related to (1) diet and nutritional practices, (2) anthropometry and (3) micronutrient intakes/status. Each identified 285, 108 and 84 titles and abstracts, respectively, resulting in 384 full-text articles to review. Finally, after adding five relevant studies from the grey literature, thirty articles were included. Two-thirds were cross-sectional observation studies. The main topics were anaemia and parasitic diseases. Among seven intervention studies, most focused on micronutrient supplementation or deworming. No studies on macronutrients or food supplementation were found. Overall, studies showed a high prevalence of undernutrition, along with emerging overweight and obesity. Anaemia and Fe deficiency were highly prevalent, with Fe supplementation showing modest improvements. Malaria and gut parasite infections remain a major burden, affecting adolescents’ nutritional status.

Conclusions:

Few specific relevant studies have been published regarding adolescent nutrition in Côte d’Ivoire, and most studies being focused on younger children. There are knowledge gaps about many nutritional aspects in this population, which urgently need to be addressed.
Brain responses to watching food commercials compared with nonfood commercials: a meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan
Published: September 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to identify and meta-analyse the neuroimaging data and hence synthesise a brain map showing the neural correlates of watching food commercials.

Design:

Published studies were retrieved and included into the analysis if they evaluated brain responses to food commercials with functional MRI and reported results based on whole-brain analysis in standard brain coordinates.

Setting:

No additional restriction was placed on the search, such as the publication year and age of participants.

Participants:

Seven papers that composed of a total of 442 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All of them recruited children or adolescents.

Results:

Food commercials caused larger brain responses than nonfood counterparts in the cuneus on both hemispheres, which played a role in dietary self-control and modulation of food craving. Other brain regions involved in food commercials processing included the left culmen, left middle occipital gyrus and the right superior parietal lobule, which could be related to reward, emotional responses and habit formation.

Conclusion:

These neural correlates may help explain the food choice and eating behaviours of children and adolescents that might be relevant to the development of obesity.
‘TROPPO AUDACE’: AMBITION AND MODERATION IN HANDEL'S BILINGUAL REVIVAL OFL'ALLEGRO, IL PENSEROSO, ED IL MODERATO
Authors: ZAZZO LAWRENCE
Published: September 2020

Winton Dean described Handel's 1740 odeL'Allegro, il Penseroso, ed il Moderato(hwv55), with its pastoral texts by Milton, as ‘perhaps the profoundest tribute Handel ever paid to the land of his adoption’. Yet for the first revival in January 1741, Handel prepared Italian-texted movements for this quintessentially ‘English’ ode in order to accommodate his star castrato that season, Giovanni Battista Andreoni. With the help of Paolo Rolli, a librettist long associated with Handel and a respected translator of Milton, Handel reset four English-texted arias and one accompagnato with Italian contrafacta and composed a completely new Italian accompagnato and bravura aria for Andreoni, to be performed before the very last chorus. While these Italian-texted movements in macaronic Handel revivals are often either neglected by Handel scholars or dismissed as unfortunate compromises, a textual and musical analysis of the accompagnato ‘L'insaziabil fantasia’ and the aria ‘Troppo audace’ reveals a quasi-operatic mini-scena that had personal and professional resonances for both Handel and Rolli – an artistic manifesto of sorts on moderation, ambition, imitation and freedom within the transnational mid-eighteenth-century European world of letters and music.
Morphological Diversity of Impact Craters on Asteroid (16) Psyche: Insight From Numerical Models
Authors: Raducan S. D. , Davison T. M. , Collins G. S.
Published: September 2020

The asteroid (16) Psyche, target of NASA's “Psyche” mission, is thought to be one of the most massive exposed iron cores in the solar system. Earth‐based observations suggest that Psyche has a metal‐rich surface; however, its internal structure cannot be determined from ground‐based observations. Here we simulate impacts into a variety of possible target structures on Psyche and show the possible diversity in crater morphologies that the “Psyche” mission could encounter. If Psyche's interior is homogeneous, then the mission will find simple bowl‐shaped craters, with a depth‐diameter ratio diagnostic of rock or iron. Craters will be much deeper than those on other visited asteroids and possess much more spectacular rims if the surface is dominated by metallic iron. On the other hand, if Psyche has a layered structure, the spacecraft could find craters with more complex morphologies, such as concentric or flat‐floored craters. Furthermore, if ferrovolcanism occurred on Psyche, then the morphology of craters less than 2 km in diameter could be even more exotic. Based on three to four proposed large craters on Psyche's surface, model size‐frequency distributions suggest that if Psyche is indeed an exposed iron core, then the spacecraft will encounter a very old and evolved surface, that would be 4.5 Gyr old. For a rocky surface, then Psyche could be at least 3 Gyr old.
An individualized immune signature of pretreatment biopsies predicts pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Guochao , Sun Nan , Zhang Zhen , Xue Liyan , Zhang Zhihui , Yang Haijun , Luo Yuejun , Zheng Xiaoli , Zhang Yonglei , Yuan Yufen , Lei Ruixue , Yang Zhaoyang , Zheng Bo , Wang Le , Che Yun , Wang Feng , Wang Sihui , Gao Shugeng , Xue Qi , Zhang Yi , He Jie
Published: September 2020

No clinically available biomarkers can predict pathological complete response (pCR) for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Considering that antitumor immunity status is an important determinant for nCRT, we performed an integrative analysis of immune-related gene profiles from pretreatment biopsies and constructed the first individualized immune signature for pCR and outcome prediction of ESCCs through a multicenter analysis. During the discovery phase, 14 differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIGs) with greater than a twofold change between pCRs and less than pCRs (<pCRs) were revealed from 28 pretreatment tumors in a Guangzhou cohort using microarray data. Ten DEIGs were verified by qPCR from 30 cases in a Beijing discovery cohort. Then, a four-gene-based immune signature (SERPINE1, MMP12, PLAUR, and EPS8) was built based on the verified DEIGs from 71 cases in a Beijing training cohort, and achieved a high accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.970. The signature was further validated in an internal validation cohort and an integrated external cohort (Zhengzhou and Anyang cohorts) with AUCs of 0.890 and 0.859, respectively. Importantly, a multivariate analysis showed that the signature was the only independent predictor for pCR. In addition, patients with high predictive scores showed significantly longer overall and relapse-free survival across multiple centers (P < 0.05). This is the first, validated, and clinically applicable individualized immune signature of pCR and outcome prediction for ESCCs with nCRT. Further prospective validation may facilitate the combination of nCRT and immunotherapy.
An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction
Authors: Hanke Leo , Vidakovics Perez Laura , Sheward Daniel J. , Das Hrishikesh , Schulte Tim , Moliner-Morro Ainhoa , Corcoran Martin , Achour Adnane , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Hällberg B. Martin , Murrell Ben , McInerney Gerald M.
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through an interaction between the spike glycoprotein and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Directly preventing this interaction presents an attractive possibility for suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an alpaca-derived single domain antibody fragment, Ty1, that specifically targets the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, directly preventing ACE2 engagement. Ty1 binds the RBD with high affinity, occluding ACE2. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the bound complex at 2.9 Å resolution reveals that Ty1 binds to an epitope on the RBD accessible in both the ‘up’ and ‘down’ conformations, sterically hindering RBD-ACE2 binding. While fusion to an Fc domain renders Ty1 extremely potent, Ty1 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus as a 12.8 kDa nanobody, which can be expressed in high quantities in bacteria, presenting opportunities for manufacturing at scale. Ty1 is therefore an excellent candidate as an intervention against COVID-19.
Both Boceprevir and GC376 efficaciously inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease
Authors: Fu Lifeng , Ye Fei , Feng Yong , Yu Feng , Wang Qisheng , Wu Yan , Zhao Cheng , Sun Huan , Huang Baoying , Niu Peihua , Song Hao , Shi Yi , Li Xuebing , Tan Wenjie , Qi Jianxun , Gao George Fu
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on March 11 by WHO, due to its great threat to global public health. The coronavirus main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) is essential for processing and maturation of the viral polyprotein, therefore recognized as an attractive drug target. Here we show that a clinically approved anti-HCV drug, Boceprevir, and a pre-clinical inhibitor against feline infectious peritonitis (corona) virus (FIPV), GC376, both efficaciously inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells by targeting Mpro. Moreover, combined application of GC376 with Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue that inhibits viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), results in sterilizing additive effect. Further structural analysis reveals binding of both inhibitors to the catalytically active side of SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro as main mechanism of inhibition. Our findings may provide critical information for the optimization and design of more potent inhibitors against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Serotype specific epitopes identified by neutralizing antibodies underpin immunogenic differences in Enterovirus B
Authors: Wang Kang , Zheng Binyang , Zhang Li , Cui Lunbiao , Su Xuan , Zhang Qian , Guo Zhenxi , Guo Yu , Zhang Wei , Zhu Ling , Zhu Fengcai , Rao Zihe , Wang Xiangxi
Published: September 2020

Echovirus 30 (E30), a serotype of Enterovirus B (EV-B), recently emerged as a major causative agent of aseptic meningitis worldwide. E30 is particularly devastating in the neonatal population and currently no vaccine or antiviral therapy is available. Here we characterize two highly potent E30-specific monoclonal antibodies, 6C5 and 4B10, which efficiently block binding of the virus to its attachment receptor CD55 and uncoating receptor FcRn. Combinations of 6C5 and 4B10 augment the sum of their individual anti-viral activities. High-resolution structures of E30-6C5-Fab and E30-4B10-Fab define the location and nature of epitopes targeted by the antibodies. 6C5 and 4B10 engage the capsid loci at the north rim of the canyon and in-canyon, respectively. Notably, these regions exhibit antigenic variability across EV-Bs, highlighting challenges in development of broad-spectrum antibodies. Our structures of these neutralizing antibodies of E30 are instructive for development of vaccines and therapeutics against EV-B infections.
Author Correction: Profiling immunoglobulin repertoires across multiple human tissues using RNA sequencing
Authors: Mandric Igor , Rotman Jeremy , Yang Harry Taegyun , Strauli Nicolas , Montoya Dennis J. , Van Der Wey William , Ronas Jiem R. , Statz Benjamin , Yao Douglas , Petrova Velislava , Zelikovsky Alex , Spreafico Roberto , Shifman Sagiv , Zaitlen Noah , Rossetti Maura , Ansel K. Mark , Eskin Eleazar , Mangul Serghei
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Next-generation sequencing of newborn screening genes: the accuracy of short-read mapping
Authors: Trier C. , Fournous G. , Strand J. M. , Stray-Pedersen A. , Pettersen R. D. , Rowe A. D.
Published: September 2020

Newborn screening programs are an integral part of public health systems aiming to save lives and improve the quality of life for infants with treatable disorders. Technological advancements have driven the expansion of newborn screening programs in the last two decades and the development of fast, accurate next-generation sequencing technology has opened the door to a range of possibilities in the field. However, technological challenges with short-read next-generation sequencing technologies remain significant in highly homologous genomic regions such as pseudogenes or paralogous genes and need to be considered when implemented in screening programs. Here, we simulate 50 genomes from populations around the world to test the extent to which high homology regions affect short-read mapping of genes related to newborn screening disorders and the impact of differential read lengths and ethnic backgrounds. We examine a 158 gene screening panel directly relevant to newborn screening and identify gene regions where read mapping is affected by homologous genomic regions at different read lengths. We also determine that the patient’s ethnic background does not have a widespread impact on mapping accuracy or coverage. Additionally, we identify newborn screening genes where alternative forms of sequencing or variant calling pipelines should be considered and demonstrate that alterations to standard variant calling can retrieve some formerly uncalled variants.
A multimodal magnetoencephalography 7 T fMRI and 7 T proton MR spectroscopy study in first episode psychosis
Authors: Gawne Timothy J. , Overbeek Gregory J. , Killen Jeffery F. , Reid Meredith A. , Kraguljac Nina V. , Denney Thomas S. , Ellis Charles A. , Lahti Adrienne C.
Published: September 2020

We combined magnetoencephalography (MEG), 7 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and 7 T fMRI during performance of a task in a group of 23 first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 26 matched healthy controls (HC). We recorded both the auditory evoked response to 40 Hz tone clicks and the resting state in MEG. Neurometabolite levels were obtained from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The fMRI BOLD response was obtained during the Stroop inhibitory control task. FEP showed a significant increase in resting state low frequency theta activity (p < 0.05; Cohen d = 0.69), but no significant difference in the 40 Hz auditory evoked response compared to HC. An across-groups whole brain analysis of the fMRI BOLD response identified eight regions that were significantly activated during task performance (p < 0.01, FDR-corrected); the mean signal extracted from those regions was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.0006; d = 1.19). In the combined FEP and HC group, there was a significant correlation between the BOLD signal during task performance and MEG resting state low frequency activity (p < 0.05). In FEP, we report significant alteration in resting state low frequency MEG activity, but no alterations in auditory evoked gamma band response, suggesting that the former is a more robust biomarker of early psychosis. There were no correlations between gamma oscillations and GABA levels in either HC or FEP. Finally, in this study, each of the three imaging modalities differentiated FEP from HC; fMRI with good and MEG and MRS with moderate effect size.
Proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress are modulated in synovitis of osteoarthritis, chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis, and correlate with the histological inflammatory score
Authors: de Seny Dominique , Bianchi Elettra , Baiwir Dominique , Cobraiville Gaël , Collin Charlotte , Deliège Mégane , Kaiser Marie-Joëlle , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Hauzeur Jean-Philippe , Delvenne Philippe , Malaise Michel G.
Published: September 2020

It is now well recognized that osteoarthritis (OA) synovial membrane presents inflammatory components. The aim of this work is to provide evidence that similar inflammatory mechanisms exist in synovial membrane (n = 24) obtained from three pathologies presenting altogether an inflammatory gradient: OA, chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy (CPPA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial biopsies were first characterized by a histological score based on synovial hyperplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear and macrophages. All biopsies were also analyzed by 2D-nano-UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap for protein identification and quantification. Protein levels were correlated with the histological score. Histological score was in the range of 3 to 8 for OA, 5 to 13 for CPPA and 12 to 17 for RA. Of the 4,336 proteins identified by mass spectrometry, 51 proteins were selected for their strong correlation (p < 0.001) with the histological score of which 11 proteins (DNAJB11, CALR, ERP29, GANAB, HSP90B1, HSPA1A, HSPA5, HYOU1, LMAN1, PDIA4, and TXNDC5) were involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Protein levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly higher in RA compared to OA (for both) or to CPPA (for S100A8 only) and also significantly correlated with the histological score. Eighteen complement component proteins were identified, but only C1QB and C1QBP were weakly correlated with the histological score. This study highlights the inflammatory gradient existing between OA, CPPA and RA synovitis either at the protein level or at the histological level. Inflamed synovitis was characterized by the overexpression of ER stress proteins.