bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lanostane Triterpenoid Metabolites from a Penares sp. Marine Sponge Protect Neuro-2a Cells against Paraquat Neurotoxicity
Authors: Yurchenko Ekaterina A. , Kolesnikova Sophia A. , Lyakhova Ekaterina G. , Menchinskaya Ekaterina S. , Pislyagin Evgeny A. , Chingizova Ekaterina A. , Aminin Dmitry L.
Published: November 2020

The results of an investigation of the protective effects of five lanostane triterpenoids: 3β-acetoxy-7β,8β-epoxy-5α-lanost-24-en-30,9α-olide (1), 3β-hydroxy-7β,8β-epoxy-5α-lanost-24-en- 30,9α-olide (2), 29-nor-penasterone (3), penasterone (4), and acetylpenasterol (5), from a marine sponge, Penares sp., against paraquat-induced neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cell damage, are described. The influence of all compounds on viability of the Neuro-2a cells treated with paraquat (PQ) was studied with MTT and fluorescein diacetate assays as well as propidium iodide straining. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the compounds as well as their influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential in PQ-treated neuronal cells were analyzed. Finally, the effect of the compounds on intracellular level of heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) and neurite outgrowth in PQ-treated Neuro-2a cells were studied. Studied triterpenoids demonstrated protective effects against PQ-induced neurotoxicity associated with the ability to reduce ROS intracellular level and diminish mitochondrial dysfunction. Acetylpenasterol (5), as a more promising neuroprotective compound, significantly increased the viability of Neuro-2a cells incubated with PQ as well as decreased intracellular ROS level in these cells. Moreover, acetylpenasterol induced Hsp70 expression in PQ-treated cells. It was also shown to inhibit PQ-induced neurite loss and recovered the number of neurite-bearing cells. The relationship between neuroprotective activity of the investigated compounds 1–5 and their chemical structure was also discussed.
From a Medicinal Mushroom Blend a Direct Anticancer Effect on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Preclinical Study on Lung Metastases
Authors: Roda Elisa , Luca Fabrizio De , Locatelli Carlo Alessandro , Ratto Daniela , Di Iorio Carmine , Savino Elena , Bottone Maria Grazia , Rossi Paola
Published: November 2020

Bioactive metabolites isolated from medicinal mushrooms (MM) used as supportive treatment in conventional oncology have recently gained interest. Acting as anticancer agents, they interfere with tumor cells and microenvironment (TME), disturbing cancer development/progression. Nonetheless, their action mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Recently, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we demonstrated that supplementation with Micotherapy U-Care, a MM blend, produced a striking reduction of lung metastases density/number, paralleled by decreased inflammation and oxidative stress both in TME and metastases, together with QoL amelioration. We hypothesized that these effects could be due to either a direct anticancer effect and/or to a secondary/indirect impact of Micotherapy U-Care on systemic inflammation/immunomodulation. To address this question, we presently focused on apoptosis/proliferation, investigating specific molecules, i.e., PARP1, p53, BAX, Bcl2, and PCNA, whose critical role in BC is well recognized. We revealed that Micotherapy U-Care is effective to influence balance between cell death and proliferation, which appeared strictly interconnected and inversely related (p53/Bax vs. Bcl2/PARP1/PCNA expression trends). MM blend displayed a direct effect, with different efficacy extent on cancer cells and TME, forcing tumor cells to apoptosis. Yet again, this study supports the potential of MM extracts, as adjuvant supplement in the TNBC management.
Chemical Compounds and Biologic Activities: A Review of Cedrela Genus
Authors: Nogueira Thalya Soares R. , Passos Michel de S. , Nascimento Lara Pessanha S. , Arantes Mayara Barreto de S. , Monteiro Noemi O. , Boeno Samyra Imad da S. , de Carvalho Junior Almir , Azevedo Otoniel de A. , Terra Wagner da S. , Vieira Milena Gonçalves C. , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Curcino Vieira Ivo J.
Published: November 2020

The genus Cedrela P. Browne, which belongs to the Meliaceae family, has eighteen species. Trees of this genus are of economic interest due to wood quality, as well as being the focus of studies because of relevant biologic activities as in other Meliaceae species. These activities are mainly related to limonoids, a characteristic class of compounds in this family. Therefore, the aim of this review is to perform a survey of the citations in the literature on the Cedrela genus species. Articles were found on quantitative and qualitative phytochemical studies of the Cedrela species, revealing the chemical compounds identified, such as aliphatics acid and alcohol, flavonoids, tocopherol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, cycloartanes, steroids, and limonoids. Although some activities were tested, the majority of studies focused on the insecticidal, antifeedant, or insect growth inhibitor activities of this genus. Nonetheless, the most promising activities were related to their antimalarial and antitripanocidal effects, although further investigations are still needed.
Organization of the Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA in the Viral Replication Cycle—Structure, Interactions, and Implications for the Emergence of New Strains
Authors: Piasecka Julita , Jarmolowicz Aleksandra , Kierzek Elzbieta
Published: November 2020

The influenza A virus is a human pathogen causing respiratory infections. The ability of this virus to trigger seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics is a result of its high genetic variability, leading to the ineffectiveness of vaccinations and current therapies. The source of this variability is the accumulation of mutations in viral genes and reassortment enabled by its segmented genome. The latter process can induce major changes and the production of new strains with pandemic potential. However, not all genetic combinations are tolerated and lead to the assembly of complete infectious virions. Reports have shown that viral RNA segments co-segregate in particular circumstances. This tendency is a consequence of the complex and selective genome packaging process, which takes place in the final stages of the viral replication cycle. It has been shown that genome packaging is governed by RNA–RNA interactions. Intersegment contacts create a network, characterized by the presence of common and strain-specific interaction sites. Recent studies have revealed certain RNA regions, and conserved secondary structure motifs within them, which may play functional roles in virion assembly. Growing knowledge on RNA structure and interactions facilitates our understanding of the appearance of new genome variants, and may allow for the prediction of potential reassortment outcomes and the emergence of new strains in the future.
Modeling Multivariate Financial Series and Computing Risk Measures via Gram–Charlier-Like Expansions
Authors: Zoia Maria Grazia , Vacca Gianmarco , Barbieri Laura
Published: November 2020

This paper develops an approach based on Gram–Charlier-like expansions for modeling financial series to take in due account features such as leptokurtosis. A Gram–Charlier-like expansion adjusts the moments of interest of a given distribution via its own orthogonal polynomials. This approach, formerly adopted for univariate series, is here extended to a multivariate context by means of spherical densities. Previous works proposed the Gram–Charlier of the multivariate Gaussian, obtained by using Hermite polynomials. This work shows how polynomial expansions of an entire class of spherical laws can be worked out with the aim of obtaining a wide set of leptokurtic multivariate distributions. A Gram–Charlier-like expansion is a distribution characterized by an additional parameter with respect to the parent spherical law. This parameter, which measures the increase in kurtosis due to the polynomial expansion, can be estimated so as to make the resulting distribution capable of describing the empirical kurtosis found in the data. An application of the Gram–Charlier-like expansions to a set of financial assets proves their effectiveness in modeling multivariate financial series and assessing risk measures, such as the value at risk and the expected shortfall.
“There We Are Nothing, Here We Are Nothing!”—The Enduring Effects of the Rohingya Genocide
Authors: O’Brien Melanie , Hoffstaedter Gerhard
Published: November 2020

Debates continue as to whether crimes committed against the Rohingya in Myanmar amount to genocide. This article will address this question, framed in the broad context of the Rohingya victimisation in Myanmar, but also the narrow context of the Rohingya refugee lived experience in Malaysia. The authors contend that the Rohingya are victims of genocide, and this is in part evidenced by the destruction of the Rohingya culture, including through assimilation (and therefore loss of group identity) in refugee destination countries, such as Malaysia. This analysis is based on the consideration of theories of genocide process and definition, international law, and qualitative data collected during extensive anthropological fieldwork by one of the authors with urban refugees in peninsular Malaysia.
Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity to Influenza on Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Immunogenicity
Authors: Roy Sreeja , Williams Clare M. , Wijesundara Danushka K. , Furuya Yoichi
Published: November 2020

During the previous influenza seasons, between 2010 and 2016, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) provided variable efficacy against influenza in the U.S., causing the recommendation against the use of the LAIV. In striking contrast, pre-clinical studies have repeatedly demonstrated superior efficacy of LAIV against mismatched influenza viruses, compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). This disparity in reported vaccine efficacies between pre-clinical and clinical studies may in part be explained by limitations of the animal models of influenza. In particular, the absence of pre-existing immunity in animal models has recently emerged as a potential explanation for the discrepancies between preclinical findings and human studies. This commentary focuses on the potential impact of pre-existing immunity on LAIV induced immunogenicity with an emphasis on cross-protective immunity.
Parental Vaccine Preferences for Their Children in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Gong Tiantian , Chen Gang , Liu Ping , Lai Xiaozhen , Rong Hongguo , Ma Xiaochen , Hou Zhiyuan , Fang Hai , Li Shunping
Published: November 2020

Background: Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health investments to prevent and control communicable diseases. Improving the vaccination rate of children is important for all nations, and for China in particular since the advent of the two-child policy. This study aims to elicit the stated preference of parents for vaccination following recent vaccine-related incidents in China. Potential preference heterogeneity was also explored among respondents. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was developed to elicit parental preferences regarding the key features of vaccines in 2019. The study recruited a national sample of parents from 10 provinces who had at least one child aged between 6 months and 5 years old. A conditional logit model and a mixed logit model were used to estimate parental preference. Results: A total of 598 parents completed the questionnaire; among them, 428 respondents who passed the rational tests were analyzed. All attributes except for the severity of diseases prevented by vaccines were statistically significant. The risk of severe side effects and protection rates were the two most important factors explaining parents’ decisions about vaccination. The results of the mixed logit model with interactions indicate that fathers or rural parents were more likely to vaccinate their children, and children whose health was not good were also more likely to be vaccinated. In addition, parents who were not more than 30 years old had a stronger preference for efficiency, and well-educated parents preferred imported vaccines with the lowest risk of severe side effects. Conclusion: When deciding about vaccinations for their children, parents in China are mostly driven by vaccination safety and vaccine effectiveness and were not affected by the severity of diseases. These findings will be useful for increasing the acceptability of vaccination in China.
Characterization of ShigETEC, a Novel Live Attenuated Combined Vaccine against Shigellae and ETEC
Authors: Harutyunyan Shushan , Neuhauser Irene , Mayer Alexandra , Aichinger Michael , Szijártó Valéria , Nagy Gábor , Nagy Eszter , Girardi Petra , Malinoski Frank J. , Henics Tamás
Published: November 2020

Background: Shigella spp. and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain the two leading bacterial causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide. Attempts to develop preventive vaccines against Shigella and ETEC have not yet been successful. The major challenge for a broad Shigella vaccine is the serotype-specific immune response to the otherwise protective LPS O-antigen. ETEC vaccines mainly rely on the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), while heat-stable toxin (ST) has also been shown to be an important virulence factor. Methods: We constructed a combined Shigella and ETEC vaccine (ShigETEC) based on a live attenuated Shigella strain rendered rough and non-invasive with heterologous expression of two ETEC antigens, LTB and a detoxified version of ST (STN12S). This new vaccine strain was characterized and tested for immunogenicity in relevant animal models. Results: Immunization with ShigETEC resulted in serotype independent protection in the mouse lung shigellosis model and induced high titer IgG and IgA antibodies against bacterial lysates, and anti-ETEC toxin antibodies with neutralizing capacity. Conclusions: ShigETEC is a promising oral vaccine candidate against Shigella and ETEC infections and currently in Phase 1 testing.
MEMAHAMI HARAPAN DAN KERJASAMA DENGAN NASABAH DALAM PENGGUNAAN E-BANKING SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH DI PT. BNI CABANG JL. PERINTIS KEMERDEKAAN BANDUNG
Authors: Fatrayeni Fatrayeni , Sya’roni Deden A. Wahab
Published: November 2020

Dalam meningkatkan layanan kepada nasabah, BNI dengan kesadarannya membangun fasilitas E-Banking. Bagi perbankan, pengembangan E-Banking tidak hanya sekedar mengikuti trend kebutuhan nasabah yang makin mobile, tetapi mengejar tujuan lain yang juga strategis seperti menurunkan biaya dana (cost of fund), meningkat efisiensi dan memperoleh pendapat komisi (fee base income).Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh fasilitas E-Banking yang terdiri dari memahami harapan nasabah dan kerjasama dengan nasabah PT. BNI Cabang JPK Bandung serta untuk mengetahui kepuasan nasabah serta implikasinya terhadap loyalitas nasabah PT. BNI Cabang JPK Bandung.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah teori-teori E-Banking, memahami harapan nasabah, kerjasama dengan nasabah, kepuasan nasabah dan loyalitas nasabah. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan sifat dari penelitian adalah descriptive explanatory. Metode pengumpulan data adalah daftar pertanyaan, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan Indeks Pengkategorian Variabel, Koefisien Determinasi (R2), Uji Serempak (uji F) dan Uji Partial (uji t).Populasi adalah nasabah PT. BNI Cabang JPK Bandung yang berjumlah 194.753 orang nasabah, sampel diambil secara aksidental sampling yaitu seseorang diambil sebagai sampel karena kebetulan berada di penelitian, peneliti tidak mempunyai pertimbangan lain kecuali berdasarkan kemudahan saja.Hasil penelitian yang didapat melalui perhitungan indek pengkategorian variable yaitu memahami harapan nasabah, kerjasama dengan nasabah, kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah berada pada interpretasi tinggi dimana PT. BNI Cabang JPK Bandung telah memahami harapan nasabah, selalu bersikap ramah dalam keluhan dari nasabah, mempunyai kompetensi dan informasi yang diberikan sehingga nasabah merasa puas, dan nasabah selalu menggunakan produk yang ditawarkan oleh BNI yang merupakan loyalitas dari nasabah. Untuk uji serempak pada hipotesis pertama bahwa X1 yaitu memahami harapan nasabah dan X2 yaitu kerjasama dengan nasabah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Berdasarkan uji partial pada hipotesis kedua kepuasan nasabah berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan loyalitas nasabah pada PT. BNI Cabang JPK Bandung.
Analisis Sentimen Perubahan Harga Emas Dunia, Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan terhadap Keputusan Membeli Produk Reksadana Saham
Authors: Parengkuan Frangky Christoffel
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study are (1) to describe the exchange of world gold price, USD/IDR exchage rate, the movement in Indonesian Stocks Exchange Indexs (IHSG) and investor’s sentiment to buy Equity Fund (2) to verify the corelation against the world gold price, USD/IDR exchange rate and movement of Indonesian Stocks Exchange Indexs (3) to calculate how they will make effect to decision of buying Equity Fund. The Equity Funds come from all funds that sold by Bank Danamon Region 8 Jawa Barat with minimum existing for more than 10 years performance. Analytical tools that used in this study is path analysis with two statistical methods. The result showed that even in LISREL and SPSS the correlation between world gold prices and USD/IDR Exchange Rate is too low, but correlation between world gold prices and IHSG is strong enough. The strongest coorelation is on USD/IDR exchange rate and IHSG. When it is tested in path analysis, the result shows that all independent variabel have significant effect to investor sentiment of buying Equity Fund.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN NILAI PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN Pada Eastern Promise Restoran dan Bar Di Kota Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Nuridah Ida
Published: November 2020

Pertumbuhan bisnis jasa pelayanan di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat, tentunya hal ini akan menimbulkan semakin ketatnya persaingan antar bisnis, seperti yang telah terjadi pada bisnis Restoran dan Bar. Bisnis ini sangat ramai di Ibu Kota Jakarta. Menurut informasi dari majalah The Beat Jakarta jumlah Restoran dan Bar di kota Jakarta sebanyak 807, salah satunya di kota Jakarta Selatan-Kemang Raya yaitu Restoran dan Bar pada Eastern Promise yang berlokasi di Kemang Raya No.5 Jakarta Selatan. Berdasarkan hasil survei Eastern Promise memiliki persaingan yang ketat dimana jumlah pesaing saat ini sebanyak 31 Restoran dan Bar area Kemang. Guna untuk menjaga para pelanggan dari pesaing, pihak perusahaan Restoran dan Bar harus berusahan untuk melayani pelanggan dengan baik dan dapat menggunakan kualitas pelayanan sebagai keunggulan perusahaan dihadapan pesaingnya. Kualitas pelayanan ini akan menentukan tingkat kepuasan yang dirasakan oleh pelanggan yang nantinya akan timbul sikap loyal. Bisnis dengan fokus pelanggan juga akan dapat memberikan nilai pelanggan yang besar dan juga dapat memanajemani loyalitas pelanggan dan menghasilkan nilai yang superior bagi pelanggan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian mengenai pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan nilai pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada Eastern Promise Restoran dan Bar di Kota Jakarta Selatan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, survey dan explanatory dengan dimensi waktu cross sectional. Data ini dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 150 pelanggan dengan system random sampling. Dengan menggunakan Lisrel 8.70 dan SPSS.Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang didapat melalui tanggapan pelanggan menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan dan nilai pelanggan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,67, Fhitung sebesar 156,18>Ftabel 3,00. Kualitas pelayanan dan nilai pelanggan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan sebesar 0,76. Kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan sebesar 0,43 dan nilai pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan sebesar 0,45.
Características sociodemográficas e conjugais de mulheres com história de violência conjugal
Authors: Paixão Gilvânia Patrícia do Nascimento , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Diniz Normélia Maria Freire , Pereira Álvaro , Costa Dália Maria de Sousa Gonçalves da , Mota Rosana Santos
Published: November 2020

Estudo quantitativo que objetivou identificar em mulheres com história de violência conjugal características sociodemográficas e relacionadas à conjugalidade. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de conveniência composta por 50 mulheres após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), sob parecer no 42/2011. Os resultados mostraram que as entrevistadas eram caracterizadas predominantemente como negras, com baixa escolaridade e dependentes economicamente do cônjuge. A maior parte das mulheres convive com os companheiros a uma média de 11 anos, e o uso/abuso de substâncias lícitas/ilícitas foi considerável entre as entrevistadas, com maior referência ao álcool. Compreende-se a importância desta pesquisa para os profissionais de saúde, visto que o conhecimento acerca das características de mulheres em situação de violência conjugal pode direcionar para a suspeita/reconhecimento do agravo, sobretudo no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família.
/titia/ ou /tʃitʃia/? Evidências da psicolinguística e da fala infantil sobre o status fonológico das africadas [tʃ, dʒ]*
Authors: Toni Andressa
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo busca evidências na aquisição da linguagem e na psicolinguística para contribuir à discussão sobre a natureza fonêmica ou alofônica das africadas [tʃ, dʒ], procurando investigar se esses segmentos fazem parte da representação fonológica de palavras como ‘titia’, ‘dinossauro’, ‘sorvete’. Para tanto, realizamos um experimento sobre priming fonológico; uma quantificação de frequência lexical em corpora adulto e infantil; e uma descrição longitudinal da aquisição das africadas no dialeto paulistano. Os dados apontam que [tʃ, dʒ] são representados como /t, d/ com base na variação originada pela morfologia flexional e derivacional - uma fonte de dados suficiente à generalização da regra de palatalização segundo o Princípio da Tolerância (YANG, 2018).
Concordância nominal variável e saliência fônica na produção infantil: dados naturalísticos e experimentais
Authors: Azalim Cristina , Marcilese Mercedes , Gabbai Armelin Paula Roberta
Published: November 2020

Este artigo investiga a realização da concordância nominal variável de número (redundante/não redundante) na fala de crianças adquirindo o português brasileiro, com base em dados naturalísticos e experimentais. Especificamente, o estudo busca investigar possíveis efeitos de saliência fônica – grau de diferenciação entre as formas singular/plural de um mesmo item lexical – na realização da concordância nominal na produção infantil. A comparação de dados naturalísticos e experimentais revelou diferenças nos padrões de produção: (i) os dados naturalísticos sugerem comportamento semelhante das crianças e seus cuidadores, sustentando a hipótese acerca da relevância do input no processo de aquisição; (ii) os resultados experimentais, por sua vez, apresentam diferenças entre a produção adulta e infantil: adultos privilegiam a marcação redundante, enquanto crianças produzem sintagmas redundantes e não redundantes em proporções muito próximas, sugerindo a existência de uma possível correlação entre grau de escolaridade e realização da concordância; possíveis efeitos de saliência fônica foram identificados apenas para os participantes adultos. A metodologia experimental mostrou potencial para viabilizar uma caracterização mais refinada das variáveis investigadas, possibilitando a coleta de um volume maior de dados e a análise de configurações que raramente ocorrem nos dados espontâneos.
A relevância da “Supervisão” na organização curricular dos mestrados na área
Authors: Machado Jane do Carmo , Alarcão Isabel
Published: November 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os Mestrados em Supervisão e aqueles em que esta área seja especialidade de outros Mestrados em Educação/Ciências da Educação a partir dos planos curriculares (ou planos de estudos) de 13 Instituições de Ensino Superior em Portugal. As unidades curriculares, obrigatórias (obrigatórias e obrigatórias de supervisão) e opcionais (obrigatórias e condicionadas), são classificadas em 15 áreas disciplinares. Dos resultados pode-se inferir que o conceito de supervisão subjacente aponta para a formação inicial de professores e para o desenvolvimento profissional, com escassas referências à supervisão institucional.  O Sistema Europeu de Transferência e Acumulação de Créditos (ECTS) atribuídos às disciplinas de supervisão são apenas 17, 17% do total. Unidades curriculares com grande peso são investigação e avaliação. Nota-se a fraca presença de disciplinas de observação e relações interpessoais. A associação da supervisão à avaliação e a orientação prioritária para a supervisão pedagógica são aspetos comuns aos vários mestrados.
Художня картина світу: постанова проблеми на перетині методологічних площин
Authors: Ліпісівіцька Аліна Олексіївна
Published: November 2020

Художня картина світу є особливим авторським баченням навколишнього світу, реалізованим на сторінках певного художнього твору. Вона дозволяє нам розтлумачити сутність людського буття, приховану за численними образами і персонажами уявного світу, що співвідноситься з існуючим. У поданій статті ми намагаємося теоретично розглянути поняття «художня картина світу» з позицій різних літературознавчих методологій.

Спираючись на спостереження відомого українського науковця
О.О. Потебні, ми пов’язуємо художню картину світу із зовнішньою та внутрішньою формою тексту, а також значенням, заданим головними інтенціями художнього твору. Саме таким шляхом – через зовнішню форму, внутрішню форму, значення (зміст) – рухається людська свідомість у процесі пізнання сутності об’єктів художньої дійсності. Художнє пізнання можливе завдяки образному світу мови, поринувши у який можна відшукати всі першопочаткові значення і смисли, породжені процесами омовлення/висловлення. Німецький філософ Вільгельм Дільтей зобразив процес пізнання художнього світу у вигляді піраміди зіставних із потебнянськими понять переживання – вираження – розуміння. Асоціації, які виникають у реципієнта під час споглядання об’єкту художнього світу, виражаються інтерсуб’єктивними артикуляціями, і саме цей взаємозв’язок є зображенням художньої картини світу, за якою приховані культурні смисли певного народу. Представники формальної літературознавчої школи стверджували, що побудова художньої картини світу і процес пізнання об’єктів реальності відбувається завдяки відчутності форми, поза якою твір мистецтва не існує. Важливим аспектом аналізу й інтерпретації художньої картини світу є також міфологічність літературного твору. Кожен образ, за яким приховане висхідне значення пізнаваного об’єкту, відтворює певний міф – розповідь про дійсну реальність природного світу, що існує у просторі світу мистецтва.

Художня картина світу як наукове поняття піддається теоретичному моделюванню з позиції літературознавчої науки, яка розробляє нові вектори наукової інтерпретації художнього бачення світу, створюваного автором, та розуміння феномену людини у цьому світі.
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ГАЛУЗЕВОЇ НАЛЕЖНОСТІ ДОГОВОРУ АУТСТАФІНГУ
Authors: Тобота Ю. А.
Published: November 2020

In the article an author made an attempt to research branch belonging of the outstaffing agreement which is new legal institution for national judicial system and enforcement practices. Making the research the author used developments made by another national scientists whose scientific interests connected with outstaffing agreement. By the author’s point of view this type of agreements containes private and public elements and is complex agreement. An attempt of determining juridical nature of this agreement is made. Common features and differences between outstaffing agreement, civil and labour agreements were determined and some recommendations about legislative modifications were proposed.
Clinical and epidemiological features of urinary tract infection in children of Primorsky Krai
Authors: Nее A. , Sergeeva E. V. , Bykova O. G. , Semeshina O. V. , Gordeets A. V.
Published: November 2020

Summary:The review covers the findings of the epidemiological trial on urinary tract infections (UTI) incidence, acute and chronic pyelonephritis in children of Primorsky territory. The significant impact of environmental climatic and heliogeophysical risk factors on pyelonephritis morbidity in children was detected. The most significant factors of UTI development in Primorsky territory were defined. Clinical and laboratory features of this pathology in children at the present day are represented. The ideas of pathogenesis of bacterial inflammation in urinary tract have been broaden. The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its type 2 soluble receptor in persistence and in progression of the inflammation process, which can lead to non-reversible sclerotic changes in kidney tissue, was determined. The role of nitrogen oxide in pathogenetic mechanisms of renal hypertension in children was determined. The complex rehabilitation of patients with local mineral water was considered. The obtained data can be used in further researches, in the work of children›s medical institutions of cities and regions of Primorsky territory.
Tight joints and zonulin in the formation of oral tolerance and food allergy
Authors: Prikhodchenko N. G. , Shumatova T. A. , Grigoryan L. A. , Gordeets A. V.
Published: November 2020

Summary:The study represents a review of publications covering molecular entity of intestinal permeability and changes causing its disorders. The current concepts on intestinal barrier, tight joints (TJ) and intestinal permeability under normal and pathological conditions are covered. Special attention has been given to molecular unions of tight joints; a role of dysregulation of the components of the TJ complex in the formation of oral tolerance and food allergy is disclosed. It is shown that the assessment of the intestinal epithelial barrier condition can be a significant diagnostic criterion to control the disease and to assess the effectiveness of treatment.
The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on the muscular strenght of the hand flexors, muscle mass and walking distance in middle-aged men, depending on the onset of coronary heart disease
Authors: Efremushkina A. A. , Kozhedub Ya. A. , Suvorova A. A.
Published: November 2020

Objective:The objective is to assess the influence of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), represented by self-controlled walking in middleaged men with different onsets of coronary heart disease (CHD), on the muscular strength of the hand flexors, muscle mass and 6-minute walking distance.

Methods:90 men aged from 45 to 65 with the same prescriptive CHD with different onsets: myocardial infarction (MI) – 56 patients, or stable angina – 34 patients were examined. After 9 months of CR we have assessed the muscular strength of the hand flexors (MSHF), have run the bioelectrical impedance analysis and 6-minute walking test, have determined the level of testosterone in blood serum.

Results:In patients with CHD with MI as an onset, MSHF of the right hand increased from 43 to 49 DAN at the average, and from 41 to 46 DAN – of the left hand; equity proportion of muscle tissue increased from 48.4 to 48.8% , 6-minute walking distance – from 450 to 500 meters. In patients with CHD with stable angina as an onset, the proportion of muscle tissue decreased from 48.2 to 47.3 %, 6-minute walking distance – from 405 to 400 meters without significant improvement of MSHF.

Conclusions:9-month CR in patients after MI had a positive effect on MSHF, muscle tissue and stamina as opposed to the patients with stable angina.
Epidemiology of pneumococcal serotypes in children with outpatient pneumonia and carriers in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Protasova I. N. , Ilyenkova N. A. , Sokolovskaya E. S.
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective is to analyze the seroepidemiology and resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children over 5 y.o.

Methods: 57 patients with pneumonia and 186 healthy children were examined. The induced sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed with culture and molecular assays.

Results: S. pneumoniae incidence among healthy children was 15.1 %. Serotype flora was represented by 4 serotypes and 6 serogroups with prevalence of 19F, 37 (for 17.8 % each), 6АВС, 3 (for 10.7 % each). 17.8 % of strains were antibiotic resistant, four of them was 19F serotype, and one was of the 6th serogroup. All of them were multiresistant: to macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, cephalosporins of II generation along with moderate resistance to penicillin. In children with pneumonia, pneumococcocus was detected in 24.6 % of cases: serotypes 19F (64.3 %), 19А (21.4 %), 23F (14.3 %). 57.1 % of strains were multiresistant and was of 19F and 19А serotypes. Phenotype of the resistance was identic to the described above except the resistance to amoxicillin: all strains were resistant to it. All given isolates were moderately resistant to ceftriaxone.

Conclusions: Serotype flora of pneumococci in healthy children of school age was distinct in significant variety with high incidence of ‘mucoid’ serotypes 3 and 37 (28.6 %). In pneumonia, pneumococci of 19F and 19A types occurred significantly frequently. The main resistant serotype of S. pneumoniae in both groups was 19F with lowered sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome: Difficulties of diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Luchaninova V. N. , Moskvina E. A. , Shavkin A. L. , Zvereva A. Yu. , Kruchina M. K.
Published: November 2020

Summary: The brief literature summary covering the congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and two clinical observations of this disease are represented. Symptom complex of nephrotic syndrome manifested by a massive proteinuria, edemas, hypoproteinemia during the first three months after childbirth was the essential in establishing a diagnosis in both patients. In most cases CNS is caused by genetically-mediated defects of the glomerular filtration barrier components. In patients, clinical manifestations (phenotype) were absolutely similar, and etiology (genotype, other reasons) was different. The expert analysis of medical documentation detected diagnostic and therapeutic errors in patient management which in the second observations have led to the death. Based on the described cases, it is shown the necessity of complex approach to examining children with CNS to early diagnose supplemental syndrome variations of pathology, to determine vital and nephrologic prognosis for the disease and to develop therapy management (personalized therapy).
Application of transplants in collapse surgery in patients with lung tuberculosis
Authors: Belov S. A.
Published: November 2020

Russia is one of the countries with high incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis. The existence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under the persistent antibacterial therapy effect leads to a formation of drug resistant forms especially in immunodeficiency in persons with HIV-infection, the number of which is increasing every year. The use of combination of different types of collapse surgery in order to maintain a larger volume of normal pulmonary tissue enables to increase the number of cured patients. The results of literature review show a development and improvement of collapse surgery techniques. The application of different methods of compression of the affected part of the lung, collapse of destruction cavity and fixing the lung in a collapsed state are presented. The main reason for use of transplants in pulmonary tuberculosis collapse surgery is to create conditions for reparation and increase of efficacy of surgical treatment for destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in cases in which for one reason or another it is impossible to perform a respective surgical operation.
The terms of the burn wounds contamination with the nosocomial flora
Authors: Mitryashov K. V. , Okhotina S. V. , Shmagunova E. V. , Kiselev A. U. , Usov V. V.
Published: November 2020

Objective. The study objective it to analyze the dynamics of microbial content of burn wounds and to assess the markers of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in different periods of hospitalization.

Methods: 617 microbiological samples from the surface of burn wounds of 515 patients in the period from the first to ninth days after the injury were analyzed. The presence of gramnegative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, multiresistant microorganisms and microbial associations was determined. Spectrophotometry was used to identify pathogens and plate method was used to assess microbial content of wounds.

Results: During treatment, there was change of pathogens associated with duration of stay in the hospital. With an increase in hospitalization, the degree of microbial contamination of wounds, the rate of gram-negative bacteria, multiresistant microorganisms, and microbial associations increased.

Conclusions: The greatest severity of all signs of nosocomial infection occurs on the 3–4th day of hospitalization in a burn care facility. This period can be considered ad a start of active contamination of burn wounds with nosocomial flora. To prevent this, it is necessary as early as possible, from 2–3 days after hospitalization to apply active strategy for treating burn wounds and closing burn surfaces.
Chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children with atopic dermatitis complicated by mycotic infection
Authors: Alekseeva I. G. , Malanicheva T. G. , Denisova S. N. , Nее A. , Kachalova O. V.
Published: November 2020

Objective: To identify the features of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) complicated by secondary mycotic infection.

Methods: The examination of mucous membrane micro-biocenosis of stomach and duodenum was performed in 64 children aged 3–16 years with diseases of gastrointestinal tract and AD complicated by fungal infection. 45 out of 64 patients, having been under medical supervision, had a combined damage of skin and gastrointestinal tract with Candida fungi. In-depth clinical and mycological study was performed represented by esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of intestine mucous membrane. The detection of circulating candida antigens in blood serum was conducted with method of amperometric enzyme biosensor. Helicobacter pylori were detected using urease test.

Results: Children with AD combined with secondary mycotic infection had a damage of the upper parts of gastrointestinal tract and skin with Candida fungi in 70.3% of cases. Gastroduodenitis accounted for 66.7%; peptic ulcer disease was 33.3% in the structure of gastrodudenal pathology. Candida albicans fungi were plated in 80 % of cases; all children had a candida antigen in the blood serum.

Conclusions: Children with AD, complicated by mycotic infection, and chronic gastrodudenal pathology should be examined for candidiasis of upper parts of gastrointestinal tract. If there is a candidiasis they should be prescribed with systemic antimycotics and dietary adjustment.
Prevalence of thromboembolic complications depending upon compliance and preventive care after endoprosthetics of large joints
Authors: Palshin G. A. , Pavlov S. S. , Markovchina M. Yu. , Komissarov A. N. , Markov P. V. , Vinokurov M. M. , Kostiv E. P. , Ustinova A. I. , Palshin V. G.
Published: November 2020

Objective. The study objective is to assess the efficacy of preventive care for thromboembolic complications after endoprosthetics of large joints depending on patients’ compliance.

Methods: Prospective clinical examination of 686 patients aged 50–70 years, who underwent the endoprosthetics of knee and hip joints. Preventive care for thrombosis and embolism was performed according to three regimens: 1) monotherapy with parenteral low molecular weight heparins, 2) therapy with low molecular weight heparins converted to indirect anticoagulants, 3) administration of oral anticoagulants.

Results: 376 patients (54.8%) fully complied with the medical recommendations. The rest 310 patients (45.2%), non-compliant patients, ignored medical prescriptions: refusal to take anticoagulants, spontaneous replacement of anticoagulants with antiplatelet agents, not taking medications as prescribed. Among compliant patients, deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities was registered in 9 cases (2.4%); among non-compliant patients, it was registered in 13 cases (4.2%).

Conclusions: Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities was registered significantly more often in non-compliant patients. To increase the efficacy of the prevention care for thromboembolic complications after endoprosthetics of large joints, more attention should be paid to explanatory work, explaining to patients the nature and negative consequences of compliance violations.
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: The results of the first 200 procedures
Authors: Khalin K. D. , Agapov M. Yu. , Zvereva L. V. , Ogurchyenok N. E. , Ryzhkov E. F. , Barsukov A. S. , Stegniy A. S.
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective is to analyze the results of endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESDs) of large intestine tumors performed in one clinic.

Methods: Data on 207 ESDs in large intestine for 2007–2019 were analyzed. The duration and speed of surgical operation, the number of en block resections and curable resections, and the level of complications and change of results within gain in experience were assessed.

Results: According to locations, tumors are divided as follows: right-sided – 48, left-sided – 71, rectal – 88. The average speed of submucosal dissection was 13.5 mm2/min.; the average time taken for dissection of one square centimeter of a tumor was 12.5 min. The conversion to loop assistance was required in 35 cases, conversion to a laparoscopic resection – in two cases. According to criteria of endoscopic radical operations, 170 (82.1%) cases were considered curable. As experience of operations was gaining, despite the increase in number of tumors of right-sided location, the speed of ESDs was significantly increased, and the number of perforations and conversions to loop assistance was not changed.

Conclusions: ESD is an effective method of large intestine tumor removal; however, during the training period, a professional should gain an experience in at least 100 operations.
Treatment experience of a patient with duodenal trauma
Authors: Krekoten A. K. , Krekoten A. A. , Mutyl V. N.
Published: November 2020

A case of combined duodenal trauma in the 11-year-old patient is described. Complications of pre-operative and intraoperative diagnosis as well as complicated postoperative period are emphasized to be a cause of high mortality risk in this pathology. The disconnection of proximal and distal parts of duodenum was performed; anastomoses were placed between the common bile and pancreatic ducts and small intestine, and gastroenteroanastomosis was performed on a short loop. Follow-up traced for 10 months: recovery.
Features of preparation of patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis for sinus lifting and dental implantation
Authors: Gurina T. I. , Berveno S. S. , Parkhomenko K. N.
Published: November 2020

An important point in dental implantation is considered to be the preparatory stage, which includes the elimination of foci of chronic infection in the oral cavity and the entire maxillofacial region as well as in the nasal cavity and sinuses. The article covers the clinical features of preparation for sinus lifting, compares the methods of rehabilitation of the maxillary sinuses.
Factors forming the health of modern children and adolescents
Authors: Gritsina O. P. , Trankovskaya L. V. , Semaniv E. V. , Lisetskaya E. A.
Published: November 2020

The literature review analyzing national and international researches on health condition of children population and on factors affecting its development. It has been determined that nowadays the trend towards deterioration in health indicators of children and adolescents continues characterized by an increase in the prevalence of functional disorders and chronic diseases, a deterioration in indicators of physical development. Data on the influence of various factors on the health of children are summarized, among which a special place is given to intraschool factors and the regulation of the daily routine.
Morphometric and topograpical analysis of retinal abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Maltsev D. S. , Malakhova E. Yu. , Kulikov A. N. , Kazak A. A.
Published: November 2020

Objective: Quantitative morphometric and topographic analysis of specific changes of the retina in patients with the acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) based on annotated tomograms.

Methods: 39 patients with the acute CSC (44 eyes – 45 scans) were examined. A complex ophthalmological examination was carried out including 3D optical coherence tomography of maculae. The data was uploaded into CVAT. Three classes of pathological changes were differentiated: 1) retinal neuroepi‑ thelium detachment; 2) retinal pigment epithelium alteration; 3) percolation zones. The analysis of topographical localization of changes and their morphological relations were assessed with a programming language Python.

Results: A moderate trend towards vertical asymmetry of the neuroepithelial detachment zone with an excess of cumulative distribution in the lower part of the macula was revealed. Retinal pigment epithelium alteration sites and percolation zones demonstrated a relative peak of representation in the upper nasal part of the macula. In 69.9% and 80% of cases, respectively, abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium and percolation zones were localized within the limits of neuroepithelial detachment. Direct correlation between the area of neuroepithelial detachment and the area of percolation zones; the area of percolation zones and the area of retinal pigment epithelium alteration; the area of neuroepithelial detachment and the area of retinal pigment epithelium alteration.

Conclusions: Percolation zones and abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium demonstrate similar trends in topo‑ graphical localization and quantitative characteristics and are related to the area of neuroepithelial detachment in CSC. Thus, the number of retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities can serve as an indicator of disease severity.
Complications of various methods for implanting intraocular lenses in the surgical treatment of congenital cataract
Authors: Fediashev G. A. , Kasatkina I. S. , Makarevich E. S.
Published: November 2020

Objective: Comparison of complications development rate in various methods for implanting intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the surgical treatment of congenital cataract.

Methods: The results of surgical treatment of 16 children under 5 years old with bilat‑ eral congenital cataract were assessed. In each case, IOL was implanted according to the technique “optic capture” into one eye (the 1st group of study); the lens was implanted after capsulorrhexis and extraction of anterior segments of vitreous body into the second eye (the 2nd group of study).

Results: Fibrinoplastic complications in the postoperative period were more often recorded in the 2nd group than in the 1st one (5 and 1 eyes, respectively). Epithelial proliferation in the 2nd group developed in 10, in the 1st group – in 5 eyes.

Conclusions: In the surgical treatment of congenital cataract, implantation of IOLs according to the technique “optic capture” is an effective way of epithelial proliferation and opacity prevention reducing visual acuity in postoperative period. This method is safe regarding inflammatory fibrinoplastic reactions and allows maintaining normal anatomical position of the vitreoretinal structures of the growing eye.