bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of drying−wetting durability of cement-stabilised clayey soil
Authors: Liu Wenhua , Li Wugang , Sun Xiuli
Published: December 2020

Few studies have reported the effect of cement content and surcharge pressure on the drying−wetting durability of cement-stabilised clayey soil. The aim of this research was thus to understand the effect of these two factors on the drying−wetting durability of cement-stabilised clayey soil. Clayey soil, dredged from Taihu Lake in Wuxi, China, was stabilised with three different cement contents. Drying−wetting tests were performed on the cement-stabilised clayey soil under five different surcharge pressures and direct shear tests were conducted using a modified conventional direct shear device. The cement content was found to have a significant effect on the drying−wetting durability of the cement-stabilised clayey soil. Drying−wetting appears to decrease the shear strength of clayey soil with a low cement content, whereas drying−wetting appears to increase the shear strength of clayey soil with a high cement content. The variation in shear strength of the cement-stabilised clayey soil is attributed to drying-induced bond damage and drying-temperature-induced hydration and pozzolanic reactions. The surcharge pressure had a significant impact on the drying−wetting durability in a certain range. The findings are interesting from a practical perspective for earthworks involving cement-stabilised clayey soils.
Nevâbitten Muhalefete: Mütevahhid’in Muhalefetinden Erdemli Siyasal Topluma
Authors: ÇAYLAK Adem , YILDIRIM Onur
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, bireyin ancak bir siyasal toplum içinde iyi, mutlu ve yetkin olacağı kabul edilen klasik ya da modern siyaset felsefesinin aksine, filozofun/bireyin tek başına da mutlu olabileceği ve yetkinleşebileceği iddiasını di-le getiren İbn Bacce’nin “tedbirü’l-mütevahhid” (yalnız insanın yönetimi) kavramsallaştırmasından yola çıkarak, erdemsiz bir toplumda mütevahhidin (nevâbitin) muhalefetinden erdemli bir siyasal topluma dönüşümün olanağı tartışılacaktır. Buna ilaveten çalışma, Fârâbî başta olmak üzere İslam ahlak ve siyaset felsefesi geleneğinde erdemli bir siyasal toplumda erdemsiz birey olarak olumsuz nitelendirilen “nevâbit” kavramına olumlu bir anlam yükleyen İbn Bâcce’nin nevâbit kavramsallaştırmasından yola çıkarak, bozulmuş ve çarpık bir devlette, nevâbit taifesinin muhalefetiyle erdemli bir si-yasal toplumun nasıl tekevvün edebileceğinin praksisi üzerine bir analiz yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın, klasik siyaset felsefesinde istisna bir yere sahip olduğu düşünülen İbn Bâcce’ci yaklaşım ve kavramsallaştırmaların analizi üzerinden günümüzde erdemsiz devlet ve toplumunun iyi, doğru, adil ve erdeme dayanan bir dönüşümüne teorik katkı yapabileceği ve bu bağlamda yeni bir muhalefet yaklaşımı, teorisi ve stratejisinin inşasına yönelik bir kapı arayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Desenvolvimento de uma bancada didática para controle de nível como forma de inibir os desperdícios de água potável
Authors: Silva Maicon Douglas Leles da , Berto Lilian Keylla , Rezende Luciana Cristina Soto Herek
Published: December 2020

Um dos temas mais debatidos na atualidade é o homem e o meio ambiente. Muitas pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para avaliar os resultados dos danos causados pelo homem ao meio ambiente. A água sempre foi usada pelos seres humanos para seu consumo ou como fonte de alimento sendo imprescindível para a vida. É um recurso que não consegue acompanhar a demanda de consumo à medida que a população aumenta. Desta forma este trabalho tem por finalidade a análise, o desenvolvimento e aplicação do controle de nível de um reservatório em malha fechada. Com o intuito de minimizar o desperdiço de água em tanques, apenas controlando o nível. Uma vez utilizando apenas a quantidade necessária de água nos processos, o consumidor economiza e preserva o meio ambiente, e talvez sem saber permite que famílias mais desfavorecidas financeiramente tenham acesso a este recurso, atendendo o objetivo de número seis da Agenda 2030 relacionado à água potável e saneamento. Foram projetados e dimensionados os componentes elétricos assim como a placa de circuito impresso, utilizada nesta proposta para receber os sinais provenientes dos periféricos, processar os dados e atuar nas bombas. Para o acionamento das bombas foi projetado um driver de acionamento Push-Pull. Para o controle foi utilizado o método experimental. O trabalho alcançou seu propósito de encontrar o modelo matemático e projeto do controlador para aplicação no sistema.
Recursos hídricos no Brasil: um estudo bibliométrico de como o assunto está sendo tratado no mundo científico
Authors: Pagnota Gustavo Henrique , Georges Marcos Ricardo Rosa
Published: December 2020

A água é uma substância vital para o desenvolvimento da vida na Terra e para o crescimento econômico e industrial. Os recursos hídricos não estão espalhados de forma uniforme no mundo sendo a América do Sul detentora de grande parte deste recurso. Dentre eles, o Brasil possui uma grande concentração em seu território, sendo que a sua distribuição também é irregular dentro do País. Com o aumento das atividades industriais e do crescimento populacional, surgiu uma necessidade de um estudo bibliométrico para averiguar como o mundo científico está abordando este tema, Uma vez que segundo a ODS-6 Discutida pela ONU garante água em qualidade e quantidade para todos os indivíduos. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho é pesquisar os principais metadados de artigos científicos envolvendo recursos hídricos brasileiros, visando a apresentação de um panorama da produção científica sobre o tema. A metodologia utilizada será uma revisão bibliométrica dos artigos científicos presentes no banco de dados da Capes entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Os resultados obtidos foram que o tema está sendo pesquisado de forma aleatório pelas Universidades e não muito efetiva quando comparada a produção por ano. As Bacias mais citadas nos artigos foi a bacia hidrográfica do Amazonas e a bacia hidrográfica do Tietê. Sendo assim, Concluiu-se que esse tema precisa ter seu estudo aprofundado no contexto da produção científica brasileira, necessitando de mais estudos nessa área.
Análise das Questões Ambientais nos Livros Didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental II em 2019
Authors: Geminiano Mário Marcio , Oliveira Arlinda Montalvão de , Garcia Patricia Helena Mirandola
Published: December 2020

Com o intuito de entender como as questões ambientais estão sendo abordadas pelos livros didáticos de Geografia no ano de 2019, essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar, como alguns conteúdos foram abordados de acordo com a BNCC - Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Para essa análise, utilizou-se a metodologia de Pinto e Mariano (2018) que pontuam a presença de conteúdos em livros didáticos, por meio de uma ficha de avaliação. A coleção Expedições Geográficas - Ensino Fundamental II dos autores Melhen Adas e Sergio Adas foi utilizada para essa análise e os resultados apontaram que, os quatro volumes da obra estão bem fundamentados e estruturados por meio de textos, figuras e infográficos. Observou-se por meio da metodologia empregada que alguns conceitos importantes das questões ambientais, não são indicados, como o termo Educação Ambiental, e também, no volume do 8º ano, apenas o termo Desmatamento é abordado, ficando de fora outros termos de considerável importância na discussão ambiental.
Quarentena em condomínios residenciais do Rio de Janeiro – RJ: controvérsias do sistema de gestão de coleta seletiva
Authors: Almeida Eliane Monteiro de , Corvino Juliana Diniz Fonseca , Tavares Junior Frederico Augusto
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo trata da importância da prática da coleta seletiva, realizada em condomínios residenciais na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, devido ao aumento do consumo de insumos básicos em consequência da quarentena instalada no mês de abril de 2020, em razão da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Além disso, o artigo aborda a questão do aumento na coleta de materiais recicláveis e, ainda, outras questões importantes como a ineficiência da Lei Estadual nº 6.408/2013 – imprescindível para edificações com mais de três andares – e a geração de renda, que contribui coletivamente com os catadores, cooperativas e com a logística reversa, minimizando o impacto socioambiental e intervindo positivamente nas mudanças climáticas. O estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os processos de coleta seletiva dos condomínios, na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro, seguindo os atores envolvidos nas controvérsias que compõem o sistema de gestão de reciclagem. Para tanto, o estudo propõe uma reflexão por meio de cartografias psicossociais do sistema de gestão de coleta seletiva em edificações residenciais, uma vez que a legislação vigente não estabelece qualquer tipo de sanção pelo descumprimento da Lei Estadual nº 6.408/2013. A partir disso, é utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa através da Cartografia de Controvérsias/Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) de Latour, com finalidade exploratória e descritiva em torno de dispositivos relacionados à temática da reciclagem. O resultado é uma discussão psicossocial a favor da gestão de resíduos sólidos, que desvela novas pistas para a responsabilidade compartilhada da coleta seletiva em edificações residenciais.
Outorga dos direitos de uso dos recursos hídricos no estado de Roraima
Authors: Loura Átyles Paiva , Veras Antonio Tolrino de Rezende
Published: December 2020

O estado de Roraima possui uma extensa hidrografia. Em termos quantitativos, apresenta grande potencial quanto aos variados tipos de usos associados aos recursos hídricos. A Lei nº 547, de 23 de junho de 2006, dispõe sobre a Política de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos no Estado de Roraima. Esta política inclui a outorga dos direitos de uso de recursos hídricos, dentre seus instrumentos de gestão, com o objetivo de assegurar à atual e as futuras gerações a necessária disponibilidade de água, em padrões de qualidade e quantidade adequados aos respectivos usos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar os aspectos legais e administrativos da outorga, bem como os pontos controvertidos do atual modelo e critérios para a concessão das outorgas, no Estado de Roraima. A presente pesquisa é caracterizada como revisão bibliográfica e documental com análise da legislação, sendo classificada como qualitativa e exploratória, além de ter tido como suporte à base de dados Google Acadêmico. Constata-se que os instrumentos de gestão promovem o uso racional/sustentável dos recursos hídricos conforme diretrizes da legislação. No entanto os resultados indicam que o processo de emissão de outorga do direito de uso dos recursos hídricos apresente deficiências, como um Plano de Recursos Hídricos desatualizado, a ausência de um sistema eficiente de informação sobre recursos hídricos e um quadro técnico insuficiente.
Análise de uma proposta pedagógica sobre o ensino do conceito de distribuição geográfica dos seres vivos na biologia a partir do olhar de professores em formação
Authors: Rezende Richard Lima , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho buscou analisar uma proposta pedagógica sobre o ensino de distribuição geográfica dos seres vivos, tema este que apresenta carência de estudos neste sentido, principalmente no que diz respeito à biologia. Assim, a partir da análise de conteúdo, realizou-se a categorização das falas de dez graduandos que avaliaram esta proposta pedagógica em: pontos positivos e em pontos a melhorar. Como resultado obtivemos três categorias, a primeira que se relaciona à construção e uso do recurso “mapa-painel”; a segunda sobre a complexidade dos conceitos trazidos no discurso do professor para estudantes do ensino médio; e a terceira que se remete ao método avaliativo pelo exercício da escrita poética. De acordo com a discussão entendemos que o “mapa-painel” proporcionou um trabalho coletivo, mas que a utilização de mapas no ensino deve ser bem pensada pelo professor. Sobre o discurso com conceitos complexos, houve falta de exemplos por parte dos graduandos para serem mais objetivos, mas consideramos que o professor deve-se atentar para a questão, pois a relação dos alunos com a metodologia pode ser afetada ao não compreenderem os elementos da conversa durante a aula. Em relação à poesia como recurso avaliativo, observamos que pode proporcionar a expressão artística e uma maior reflexão sobre o conteúdo por parte dos estudantes. Concluímos que os aspectos trazidos pelos graduandos foram pertinentes e que há a necessidade de se propor mais caminhos para o ensino da distribuição geográfica dos seres vivos.
Ancient DNA Extraction from Dental Calculus with Consolidant Removal v1
Authors: Aron Franziska , Hofman Courtney , Fagernäs Zandra , Velsko Irina , Brandt Guido , Warinner Christina
Published: December 2020

Silica-based total DNA extraction protocol optimised for the recovery of ultra-short DNA molecules from archaeological dental calculus, modified from Dabney et al. (2013) PNAS (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1314445110) and adapted for dental calculus by Mann et al. (2018) Scientific Reports (doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28091-9). This protocol includes an optional acetone wash step to remove conservation consolidants (e.g. glue) from dental calculus that can sometimes be found on samples archived in museum collections.
In vitro transcription of guide RNAs and 5'-triphosphate removal v12
Authors: Dewitt Mark , Julia Wong not provided , Wienert Beeke , F Schlapansky Moritz
Published: December 2020

sgRNA template assembly, in vitro T7transcription, and sgRNA column cleanup to remove 5'-triphosphate groups
The complexity of DNA sequences. Different approaches and definitions
Authors: Gusev Vladimir D. , Miroshnichenko Liubov A.
Published: December 2020

An important quantitative characteristic of symbolic sequence (texts, strings) is complexity, which reflects at the intuitive level the degree of their "non-randomness". A.N. Kolmogorov formulated the most general definition of complexity. He proposed measuring the complexity of an object (symbolic sequence) by the length of the shortest descriptions by which this object can be uniquely reconstructed. Since there is no program guaranteed to search for the shortest description, in practice, various algorithmic approximations considered in this paper are used for this purpose. Along with definitions of complexity, suggesting the possibility of reconstruction a sequence from its "description", a number of measures are considered that do not imply such restoration. They are based on the calculation of some quantitative characteristics. Of interest is not only a quantitative assessment of complexity, but also the identification and classification of structural regularities that determine its specific value. In one form or another, they are expressed in the demonstration of repetition in the broadest sense. The considered measures of complexity are conventionally divided into statistical ones that take into account the frequency of occurrence of symbols or short “words” in the text, “dictionary” ones that estimate the number of different “subwords” and “structural” ones based on the identification of long repeating fragments of text and the determination of relationships between them. Most of the methods are designed for sequences of an arbitrary linguistic nature. The special attention paid to DNA sequences, reflected in the title of the article, is due to the importance of the object, manifestations of repetition of different types, and numerous examples of using the concept of complexity in solving problems of classification and evolution of various biological objects. Local structural features found in the sliding window mode in DNA sequences are of considerable interest, since zones of low complexity in the genomes of various organisms are often associated with the regulation of basic genetic processes.
Development of a method and equipment for testing materials for alternating bending during piercing in screw rolling mills
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia), Romantsev B. A. , Aleshchenko A. S. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia), Guseynov E. R. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia), Tsyutsyura V. Yu. ,   Volgograd State Technical University (Volgograd, Russia)
Published: December 2020

Hot-rolled pipe production is complicated process of metal treatment by pressure and as a rule it has three operations of form charging: piercing, plugging, calibration or reduction. Each of them is characterized by complex schemes of stress-deformed state which promotes either formation or detection of various defects. Hot billet piercing at screw piercing rolling mill is widely used for pipe production for its high output and getting the shells of long length. But this operation of form charging of the metal is realized under the conditions of complicated stress-deformed state with cyclic alternating bending of all metal layers. Defects appearing on the outside surface of the shell such as captures and cracks is caused by plastic bending of shell wall, which is followed by alternating stress and deformation at the inlet and outlet cone of deformation zone in consequence of four times plastic bending of the wall. Shell wall is influenced by compression stress of the working rolls and guides. The less favorable scheme of stress state with tensile stress arises on the shell surface between the rolls and the guide. And as a results it generates and increases the defects on the outside surface. Theoretical and experimental research of deformation and speed conditions of billet piercing process for screw piercing rolling mill is presented in the work. Statistic data of production mills which operate in TRA 50-200 and TRA 159-426 lines were used for the research. All the calculations were done with use of applied software and test machine of original design with crank and connecting rod mechanism was constructed. The machine carries out the process of alternating plastic bending which is in maximum close to the conditions taking place in deformation zone of screw piercing rolling mill. Definition of rational configuration of sample shape was determined. Process plasticity of the metal of hot samples was analyzed as well. The samples were made from hot-rolled bars of different steel grades.
Selection of modes for laser cladding of PR-08Kh17N8S6G powder
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (Vladimir, Russia), Gots A. N. , Lyukhter A. B. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (Vladimir, Russia), Gusev D. S. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (Vladimir, Russia), Zavitkov A. V. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (Vladimir, Russia)
Published: December 2020

A brief analysis of powders used in the industry for surfacing on the work surfaces of critical parts is given in order to increase their wear resistance. The results of experimental studies on the choice of parameters of gas-powder cladding modes are presented. The cladding process was carried out by a laser robotic complex with a coaxial feed of powder to the surfacing zone. The substrate used steel grade 08H18N10T, which was applied to the melt of wear-resistant powder grade PR-08H17N8S6G. The use of ytterbium fiber laser allowed to reduce the heat supply to the surfaces, which significantly reduced the residual stresses in the workpiece. Variable parameters of the laser cladding process were the output power of laser radiation, processing speed, and powder mass flow rate. During visual inspection, the absence of pores and cracks were used as the estimated indicators of the cladding. The study of macro geometry single clad track was conducted on cross section of the clad. During measurements, the quality of a single clad track was determined by its geometric dimensions: clad height, clad width, contact angle between the tangent to the cladding surface and the substrate plane, as well the depth of the mixing layer of the surfaced and substrate materials. According to the results of experimental studies of the selected optimal mode, providing a cladding track with a clad height above 1 mm; clad width 2.5 mm; the depth of the mixing layer – 0.2 mm; contact angle between the tangent to the clad surface and the substrate more than 50º. This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Agreement on the provision of subsidies No. 075-15-2019-1833 dated December 03, 2019. Unique identifier PNI RFMEFI60419Kh0245.
Technological assurance of the accuracy of cycloidal helical surfaces when processing them with a non-profiled tool on CNC machines
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Moscow, Russia), Goncharov A. A.
Published: December 2020

Modern designs of volumetric machines have parts containing complex-profile cycloidal screw surfaces as working bodies. The shaping of some types of this surfaces, such as the rotor surface of a conical singlescrew compressor, is possible only through the use of non-profiled tools and using specialized machining strategies. In view of the high prospects of using such structures in astronautics, robotics, medicine in the mining industry and metallurgy, there is an urgent problem of cycloidal helical surfaces accuracy during their processing on CNC machines. This work is devoted to the study of this problem. In the course of the study, a technological approach was chosen that provides control of the shape accuracy parameters when processing these surfaces, which consists in programmed feed control during processing. An analytical formalized algorithm for calculating the amount of feed change was integrated into an automated system for calculating the tool path, which made it possible to carry out experimental processing of a series of samples. The results of a metrological study of the accuracy of the shape of samples processed using a software-implemented technique for increasing the accuracy of the cross-section of cycloidal helical surfaces are presented. The efficiency of application of the proposed technique in the processing of miniature cycloidal helical surfaces is shown. Therefore, for the singlescrew micro-dispenser selected as a characteristic part of the rotor, it was possible to reduce the deviation from the circularity of the crosssectional profile of the cycloidal screw surface by more than three times. This demonstrates the possibility of increasing the accuracy of processing a complex-shaped surface by modifying the code of the control program without using additional equipment or more advance tools.
Challenges and prospects for the development of ferrous metallurgy in the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University (Minsk, Belarus), Solodovnikov S. Yu. , Sergievich T. V. ,   Belarusian National Technical University (Minsk, Belarus)
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the features, problems, risks and development trends of the ferrous metallurgy of the Republic of Belarus. Its specificity lies in high centralization of the industry and signs of a cluster structure; the use of scrap metal as a raw material; the predominance of state ownership; export orientation; intra-industry cooperation institutionally formalized into a holding; geographical proximity to the consumer. Since the ferrous metallurgy of the Republic of Belarus is import-dependent and export-oriented, the article considers its development taking into account the risks arising in the field of raw material supply, as well as through the prism of factors determining dynamics of world steel markets as the main type of Belarusian ferrous metallurgy products. The dynamics of economic cycles; investments in ferrous metallurgy; stimulation and growth of steel-consuming industries; changing environmental requirements; protectionist measures of international trade are revealed as these factors. Ferrous metallurgy of the Republic of Belarus doesn’t take an important place in world markets, but nevertheless demonstrates the dynamic development and growth of production. At the same time, many, first of all, external risks and threats require constant adaptation of Belarusian metallurgical enterprises to maintain the economic security of the industry. There is proposed in the article to develop measures to preserve traditional trade relations; strengthening intersectoral cooperation with industries which consume products in the domestic market; individualization of demand; “smart” environmental policy, which involves toughening environmental requirements and preservation of economic efficiency; digitalization with the Russia and Western Europe experience; search for alternative sources of raw materials.
The development of ferrous metallurgy is an effective way to restore the Syrian economy
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia), Podkur S. V. , Kotelnikov G. I. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia), Semin A. E. ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” (Moscow, Russia)
Published: December 2020

The Middle East is a victim of civilian contacts. Under the current conditions, the question arises of rationalizing the investment strategy of the post-war development of the countries of the region that have managed to overcome this crisis. In the article this problem is considered on the example of Syria. A rational way of multiplicative stimulation of the development of the country’s economy is proposed, based on the approach of J. M. Keynes. This approach consists in choosing the most favorable conditions for investment. According to the results of research at this point (industry) was ferrous metallurgy. At the initial stage of the post-war reconstruction of the republic, it can come out with a locomotive. The optimal configuration and place for the construction of a production metallurgical cluster that provides the market with the most popular types of metal products: 1 million tons per year of hot-rolled sheet (1-12.5 mm), 150 thousand tons of galvanized sheet per year (0.2-2, 5 mm), 200 thousand tons per year of shaped steel (2-8 mm), 50 thousand tons per year of galvanized shaped steel (0.7-3 mm). The functioning of the cluster will provide Syria with sheets and fittings, will contribute to the development of engineering and other sectors of the economy, will lead to an increase in the country’s GDP by 4.5% and a reduction in government debt payments by $ 532.5 million per year.
THE ROLE AND MECHANISMS OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN THE PROGRESSION OF MELANOMA
Authors: Chulkova S. V. , Ryabchikov D. A. , Dudina I. A. , Savchenko I. V. , Egorova A. V. , Gladilina I. A. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: December 2020

Despite the achievements of modern medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases, skin melanoma remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide: every third case of melanoma ends in death. As you know, one of the main causes of death is the high incidence of melanoma progression. It is important to note that the mechanisms of melanoma progression are diverse and the rapidly developing area of drug therapy for tumors requires a deep understanding of their characteristics. This is primarily due to the fact that these processes lead to the formation of special, minor tumor clones with stem properties. They are highly resistant to therapy. The latter is the mainobstacle to effective treatment of melanoma patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a leading role in the acquisition of metastatic potential by melanoma cells. An important distinguishing feature of EMT is a change in the level of expression of transmembrane glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. With EMT, both a decrease in the level of E-cadherin and an increase in the expression of N-cadherin are observed. Such a switch in different classes of adhesion molecules leads to the fact that melanoma cells lose contact with neighboring keratinocytes and begin to interact with fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The key regulator in EMT induction in melanoma is the Notch1 signaling pathway, which accelerates N-cadherin expression when activated. In addition, EMT also regulates many other pathways – RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, the dysregulation of which is associated with the development of drug resistance in melanoma. The analysis was carried out in the article of modern literature data on the importance of EMT in carcinogenesis and prognosis of melanoma. The modern mechanisms of EMT, currently known prognostic factors, as well as potential therapeutic targets that affect EMT and, accordingly, inhibit the process of metastasis, are described in detail.
THE CAMPSITE ORECHOVO-DONETSKOE 3 IN THE MIDDLE STREAM OF THE SEVERSKY DONETS BASIN. ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ONE OF THE TURNING POINT IN THE HISTORY OF THE DNIEPER-DONETS NEOLITHIC
Authors: Gorelik Alexander Feliksovich , Tsybriy Viktor Vitalievich
Published: December 2020

The materials of investigations of the early Neolithic campsite Orechovo-Donetskoe 3 in the basin of the Seversky Donets are published in this paper for the first time. The authors argue, that this site belongs to a number of numerous other sites of the hunters, collectors and fishers of so called Bondaricha stage who have extended in 6 thousand calBC in the territory of a left bank of the Seversky Donets and partly, in the Dnieper rapids area. They analyse the reasons of considerable demographic transformations at a boundary between Mesolithic and Neolithic in this region, regard the ways of communications and contacts of the population of Donets culture, show the importance of social changes as a prerequisite of process of Neolithisation.
THE CAMPSITE ORECHOVO-DONETSKOE 3 IN THE MIDDLE STREAM OF THE SEVERSKY DONETS BASIN. ON THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ONE OF THE TURNING POINT IN THE HISTORY OF THE DNIEPER-DONETS NEOLITHIC
Authors: Grechkina Tatiana Yurievna , Kutukov Dmitriy Vladimirovich , Vybornov Aleksandr Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

The materials of investigations of the early Neolithic campsite Orechovo-Donetskoe 3 in the basin of the Seversky Donets are published in this paper for the first time. The authors argue, that this site belongs to a number of numerous other sites of the hunters, collectors and fishers of so called Bondaricha stage who have extended in 6 thousand calBC in the territory of a left bank of the Seversky Donets and partly, in the Dnieper rapids area. They analyse the reasons of considerable demographic transformations at a boundary between Mesolithic and Neolithic in this region, regard the ways of communications and contacts of the population of Donets culture, show the importance of social changes as a prerequisite of process of Neolithisation.
NEOLITHIC FLINT ASSEMBLAGES FROM BULGARIA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Gurova Maria
Published: December 2020

This paper offers a brief overview of the flint assemblages from the Neolithic period in Bulgaria (VI mill. cal BC) by following their evolution that depending on the context could also be called innovation, retardation or simply modification. Some significant changes occur during the Neolithic who reflected to all aspects of the flint industry - from the raw material acquisition via techno-typological parameters until the functional connotations of different artefacts categories. The empirical corpus of the study contains assemblages coming from 18 different sites. Expectedly whatever changes are attested as occurring alongside the evolution on the Tell settlements, there is no striking rupture and discontinuity in the flint industry as claimed on the basis of fragmentary assemblages coming from other sites belonging to different cultural stages/periods of the Neolithic. The paper ends with a series of challenging questions referring to different level of our knowledge and understanding of the gradual changes of the Neolithic lifeway.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF ANCIENT POTTERY
Authors: Kulkova Marianna Alexeevna
Published: December 2020

The radiocarbon dating of ancient ceramics is an important aspect of investigations both the radiocarbon analysis and the archaeology. The time of a making and using of pottery corresponds directly with the time of the ancient people existing. In spite on that fact that the pottery radiocarbon dating has many problems because of different sources of carbon inside pottery, there is the possibility for correct radiocarbon dating with using both the AMS technique and the conventional technique. The main problem of pottery radiocarbon dating is how to separate intrinsic pottery carbon from older geological carbon and younger carbon absorbed by pottery pores during burial. The examination of basic stages of pottery making and using gives the possibility to assess the main sources of carbon entrance to a ceramic vessel. The compositional analysis of clay and temper that had been used for pottery making should be considered. The method of the temperature control during combustion should be applied in process of the radiocarbon dating. It is very important to supply the careful chemical pretreatment of ceramics with aim to remove the older and younger contaminations. The comparison of pottery dates obtained with the relative dating according to pottery typology should use for control. The other problem of the radiocarbon dating of pottery is the reservoir effect if the freshwater and the seawater fish or seafood were used in a cooking process. If the clay has the high carbonate concentration or shells inside pot-sherds the determination of d 13C should be done after carbonate removing. The careful chemical pretreatment of ceramics must guarantee the removing of humic acids forming after burial of pot-sherds and as well as in result of food cooking. The examination of d 13C should be provided for organics from pot-sherds. The correction of radiocarbon age can be realized. If it is possible the total content of carbon should determine in pot-sherds as well. In article the
EARLY NEOLITHIC POTTERY COMPLEX OF THE UPPER VOLGA CULTURE FROM SITE ZAMOSTJE 2: TYPOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMES
Authors: Lozovski Vladimir Mikhailovich , Lozovskaya Olga Vladimirovna , Zaitceva Ganna Ivanovna , Possnert Göran , Kulkova Marianna Alexeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the complex of Early Neolithic Upper Volga culture pottery from site Zamostje 2. The analysis revealed that the vast majority of ceramics found during the excavation of site belong to the first stage of development of the Upper Volga culture - ceramics without ornaments and fragments with ornaments comprised of small dots and notches. Conducted extensive radiocarbon dating by different kinds of materials made it possible to determine the time of existence of the Upper Volga culture on the site Zamostje 2 within the 6850 - 6200 BP. Nevertheless, a small series of dates obtained from crust on fragments, demonstrates a more ancient age as compared with the main array of dates. The nature of such phenomenon currently not entirely clear .
ON THE QUESTION OF THE UNITY OF CRITERIA OF NEOLITHIC EPOCH FOR THE CULTURES OF NORTH AND SOUTH
Authors: Stawitsky Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2020

The first archaeological periodization by H. Thompson was founded on the turn of the materials from which tools were made. J. Lubbock has introduced a new criterion in the periodization of the Stone Age - improving of methods of processing tools that allowed him to identify the Neolithic. By the opinion of Ethnographer L. Morgan, the way of getting livelihood was laid in the base of the periodization. As markers separating one stage of development from another, he have been used an archaeological features of secondary importance. For Neolithic pottery was such a sign. G. Child used the non-arheological periodization of G. Morgan. G. Childe named the producing economy the main criteria of Neolithic. Spreading of the views of G. Child in Western Europe has led to the fact that most of the Neolithic cultures of the forest zone are no longer considered as such. In the Soviet Union, and then Russia has evolved a concept according to which the population of forest crops by developing appropriating economy has reached the same level of social development that the Neolithic cultures with generating economies. Among foreign scholars this view most consistently advocated by M. Zvelebil. However, this argument is based on the concept of subjective interpretation of archaeological artifacts. Common features in the level of development of the cultures of North and South, are generally fixed on the basis of similarity of archaeological (technological) and socio-cultural characteristics, but this similarity is due to various reasons, which lead to different consequences. The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in the forest zone was carried out not in the revolutionary but in the evolutionary form. If the "revolution" has taken place, then it occurred earlier in the Late Mesolithic, when transition passed from specialized hunting migratory animals to complex hunting- fishing economy. This "Mesolithic revolution" produced demographic growth of Neolithic population, the increase of which was primarily due to favorable natural conditions of Atlantic optimum rather than to improvement of tools and methods of obtaining food. Whereas in the cultures of the South it was the exact opposite. Comparison of socio- economic development of the Neolithic population of the North and South has deep meaning only in terms of the concept of a single line of evolutionary development of human society, according to which the population of different regions held the same stage of development. If we consider that the evolution of the character wore a multi-line, then this comparison is not valid. In our opinion, the whole complex of archaeological materials suggests ways of multiline development of the Neolithic population of different natural areas, the similarity between them is very general in nature.
THE PHYTOVARIETY OF LOCALITY « SEMISTOZHKY» (CENTRAL CISCAUCASIA)
Authors: Belous Victor Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The article reflects the study results of aboriginal flora and the phytocenotic state of natural landmark Semistozhky (Stavropol height) communities. In the studied territory not less than 210 species of vascular plants are registered, among which 11 subjects are protected in this region (sub endemic, xerothermic relicts, vulnerable and strenuously exploited types). The studied steppe complex of the natural locality Semistozhky differs in a noticeable variety of the mastered habitats. A certain background in distribution of flora and vegetation of the studied landscape create the different characteristics of local soils and climates. Contrast of manifestation of local conditions is connected with an exposition and the steepness of slopes, composition of soils, and finds reflection on the mode warm and moisture security of edaphotop of the natural boundary. On slopes of hills virgin motley-sod grasses and meadow polydominant remarkable steppe communities are preserved. The herbage is difficult arranged and more-layered. Change of specific structure of sublevels of herbage happens during the whole vegetative season. The basis of herbage is made of xerophytes and mezoxerophytes. The most of xerophyt vegetation area extends on the slopes, southern, east and intermediate to them. Communities of the southern slopes are put by densely tufted sod and motley grasses. On destruction products of maternal breed (sandstone, calcicrete) and regional sites of plateau free serial communities from psammo-petrophyt group are developed.
THERMOPHILIC ORGANOTROPHIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS MEIOTHERMUS IN ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF PRIBAIKALYE (BURYATIA)
Authors: Budagaeva Valentina Grygoryevna , Barkhutova Darima Dondokovna
Published: December 2020

Aerobic, facultative anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria are widespread in the sediments and microbial mats of alkaline hot springs in Baikal region (Buryatia). Typical representatives of hydrolytic bacteria are alkalotermophylic bacilli which are capable of utilizing organic matter in alkaline hot spring waters. Two pure cultures of bacteria growing on acetate, pyruvate and soetone were isolated from the microbial mat of Baikal region thermal springs (Buryatia). These strains were non-sporeforming straight or curved rods that morphologically similar to the representatives of the genus Meiothermus. Bacteria on agar medium formed small smooth pink colonies. Ecophysiological properties of isolates are studied (with respect to temperature and pH). Optimal growth temperature of culture Um-14-2-1 was 450C, the temperature range was 35-600C. The temperature range of strain Al-14-3 was 30-60C, with an optimum 50 C. The pH range of strain Um-14-2-1 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.0. The pH range of strain Al-14-3 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.5. Two thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria are similar to the genus Meiothermus by morphophysiological properties and the ability to thermophile, and are moderate thermophiles.
RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS OF WETLANDS KRYACHEK LAKE AND NEIGHBORHOOD (ULYANOVSK REGION)
Authors: Vargot E V , Grishutkin O G , Artaev O N
Published: December 2020

Paper presents materials of comprehensive research (physical-geographical characteristics, plant cover, ichtyofauna) of Kryachek (Kryazh) Lake and of three worked-out bogs (Stanovoe, Lebyazhye and unnamed in 2 km to east of the Lyakhovka village) located near this lake. At present, all investigated water bodies are lakes with a more or less developed sphagnum-sedge, serge-calamagrostis-sphagnum quaking mires. Physiographic characteristics (surface of bottom for Kryachek Lake, pH of water, depth of lakes), plant cover and ichthyofauna of lakes were studied during researches. It was revealed that Kryachek Lake and depleted peatlands have a high floristic diversity relatively to other similar ecosystem (lakes, raised bogs and transition mires). Altogether 77 species of vascular plants from 48 genera and 32 families were revealed within studied objects. Among the studied flora, species of ferns, raised bogs, transition mires and, also, aquatic andlittoral-aquatic plant species are presented due to the presence of various microecotopes (young and formed quaking mires of raised bogs and transitional mires, fens, ditches, backwaters, shallow waters, deep areas). Studied wetlands are places of location many rare plants in forest-steppe-Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et Koch, P. praelongus Wulf., Scheuchzeria palustris L., Eriophorum gracile Koch, Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh., C. limosa L., Hammarbya paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Salix lapponum L., S. myrtilloides L., Drosera rotundifolia L., Oxycoccus palustris Pers., Utricularia intermedia Hayne, U. minor L. Ichthyofauna of studied water bodies with sphagnum quaking mire is very poor. Altogether, four limnophilic fish species were registered (Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843), Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758)). This is explained by the peculiarities of physical-chemical environment settings (in particular, it is the dynamics of pH in the range of 4,3-6,4 within a water body) and a considerable distance from the rivers which are the main source of resettlement of different fish species.
Peculiarities of ontogenesis of Bassia laniflora (S.G. Gmel.) A.J. Scott. (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Vyal Yulia Alexandrovna , Mazey Natalia Grigorjevna , Novikova Lubov Alexandrovna , Mironova Anna Andreevna
Published: December 2020

Peculiarities of ontogenesis and phytosociology of Bassia laniflora (S.G. Gmel.) A.J. Scott (family Chenopodiaceae) in South of Penza region on sandy soils is studied. Bassia laniflora grows in the composition of sparse forb sandy steppes, together with Achillea nobilis L., Erigeron сanadensis L., Rumex acetosella L., Artemisia pontica L., acting as dominant and codominant. Participation of Bassia laniflora in plant communities115%. Age status and as well as biometric characteristics are described (two age periodvirgin, generative; five age status seedling plants, juvenile, immature, virgin, generative). Polymorphism of virgin and generative plants Bassia laniflora is established. Virgin and generative plants into 3 groups according characteristics of life forms (height of the escape, diameter of stem, especially branching, number of flowers) are divided. Pictures of different life forms of generative plants are there. Causes of polymorphism plants Bassia laniflora and possibilities of adaptation at level of ontogenesis are discussed.
THE MEANING OF PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Gerasimova Natalia Gennadievna , Akhverdieva Tatiana Bayramovna , Shuvalova Yulia Vladimirovna , Kovalenko Elena Nikolaevna , Gorbatov Victor Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

The pathogenesis of several diseases of respiratory system, in particular recurrent obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma are founded on syndrome of bronchial obstruction. The study of the pathogenesis aspects of these diseases is essential to improve the efficiency of treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Patients with bronchial obstruction syndrome have imbalance between reactions of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system with a significant damage to biological membranes at the cellular and subcellular level. Metabolic response in these patients have lower compensatory capacity, that leads to development of more severe forms of the disease. The analysis of the data obtained showed that prior to initiating therapy in children with recurrent obstructive syndrome was a decrease in antioxidant protection indicators (ceruloplasmin content and catalase activity in blood serum) and an increase in indicators of intoxication (malondialdehyde content in the blood serum). After the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy the patients showed a reliable increase in the content of ceruloplasmin and catalaza activity in the blood serum and decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum. It was found that before treatment patients had an increase in the index of intoxication (nitric oxide), after the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy they had a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the blood serum.
PALINOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALINOTOXICAL ASSESSMENT OF AEROTECHNOGENIC POLLUTION IN URBOEKOSISTEMS
Authors: Ibragimova E E
Published: December 2020

The men's generative system of populations of Salix babylonica growing along roads with various level of pollution was investigated. It is established that emissions of motor transport make the adverse effect on generative bodies of Salix babylonica that is shown in the raised production of sterile pollen and its poor quality that is confirmed by exis - tence of reliable differences between the populations growing in zones with various level of aero technogenic pollution. At plants of an inspection zone quite high rate of sterility - 18% of a man's gametophyte was revealed, however production of abortive pollen had been increasing at the populations growing in zones with the average and high level of pollution by 2,7 times. Calculation of an index of sterility lack of distinctions in production of sterile man's gametes between zones with average and high pollution levels have been revealed. The obtained data allowed making the conclusion that the plants that aren't changing production of abortive pollen in process of increase in pollution are tolerant and can be recommended for gardening of urbophytocenosis. Therefore Salix babylonica is offered to use for gardening of anthropogenous phytocenosis as culture, tolerant to a technogenic stress. Indicator of the raised production of abortive pollen grains in system of environmental monitoring behind the objects of environment has been recommended to use testing various degree of anthropogenous loading.