bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-proteins set the threshold for optimal TCF1 expression during αβ T cell development
Authors: Verma Anjali , Aylward Bridget , Ma Fei , Sherman Cheryl A. , Chopp Laura , Shinton Susan , Roy Roshni , Fahl Shawn , Contreras Alejandra , Koenitzer Byron , Awasthi Parirokh , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , De Supriyo , Ollikainen Noah , Qiu Xiang , Bosselut Remy , Sen Ranjan , Wiest David L. , Sen Jyoti Misra
Published: November 2023

Expression of T Cell Factor-1 (TCF1), encoded byTcf7,regulates lineage fate decisions during T cell development. Here we demonstrate that E-proteins control the threshold of TCF1 expression required for development of T cells. E-proteins bind to five elements (EPEs) in theTcf7locus. The third element, EPE3, interacts directly withTcf7promoter in Hi-ChIP analyses, suggesting it is an active enhancer. CRISPR-ablation of EPE3 reduces TCF1 protein expression in precursor thymocytes by 2-fold and dramatically impairs development of αβ and γδ T cells. Single cell gene expression analysis identified differentiation blocks at multiple CD4-CD8-stages and subsequent transition to CD4+CD8+stage. These data identify E-proteins and EPE3 as critical for the optimal TCF1 expression required for T cell development.
The influence of dark tourism motivational factors on revisit intention: a moderated mediation approach
Authors: Bowal Subhadeep , Ghosh Prosenjit
Published: November 2023

Purpose

In India, travellers are beginning to pay attention to dark tourism recently. This study aims to empirically investigate tourists revisit intention (TRI) to dark tourism destinations (DTD) in Indian urbanscapes. Here, a comprehensive moderated mediation method was applied to enhance TRI towards DTD via dark tourism motivational factors (DTMF). Understanding history, mass and social media and curiosity are the dimensions of DTMF.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 360 tourists’ from various DTDs in city of Kolkata, India. A structural equation modelling method was applied to investigate the hypothesis.

Findings

The findings showed DTMF dimensions enhanced the revisit intention for DTD in the city. Tourist satisfaction (TS) in dark tourism mediates the effects of DTMF on revisit intention. The mediation effects of satisfaction are diverse among high- and low-involved tourists.

Practical implications

The findings can be helpful for marketers, government and other stakeholders to make dark tourism products more feasible by identifying the DTMF, which further helps to promote dark tourism among the urban tourists.

Originality/value

This study shed light on the domain of dark tourism in urbanscapes in Kolkata, which was not previously explored. Furthermore, it suggests a moderated-mediated model for enhancing TRI to the DTD in the city, which involves TS as mediator and tourist involvement as moderator. Thus, this study enables an understanding of motivations for TRI in DTD.
Molecular profile of gastric adenocarcinoma, relevant epidemiological factors – Systematic review and meta‐analysis relating sex with Epstein‐Barr virus and unstable microsatellites subtypes
Authors: Santos Gabriel Oliveira dos , Nunes Warley Abreu , Júnior Waldemir Ferrari , Botega Luiza Gomes , Roehe Adriana Vial
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Gastric epithelial tumors exhibit morphological heterogeneity, diverse biological behaviors, and different oncopathological pathways. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) proposed a molecular classification of gastric adenocarcinomas based on genetic and molecular findings, which shows particular characteristics of diagnosis, prognosis, and indirectly, therapeutic alternatives. Within this classification, Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive (EBV+) and high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) subtypes stand out as subtypes that present a less aggressive biological behavior and a highly mutilated phenotype. This study conducted a systematic review with an emphasis on epidemiological and prognostic factors based on the molecular classification proposed by TCGA.

Methods

A broad, comprehensive, and reproducible search with methodological rigor was conducted for study selection using the ROBINS‐I and GRADEpro protocols and appropriate combinations of keywords.

Results

A total of 25 studies were selected: six with a complete classification similar to TCGA and 19 with a distinction between MSI‐H and EBV+. The application of meta‐analysis calculations reinforces the prevalence of positive Epstein‐Barr adenocarcinomas in males and high microsatellite instability in females, with a high level of certainty of evidence and low risk of bias in the analyzed studies due to the rigorous methods used.

Conclusion

The molecular classification proposed by TCGA shows limited dissemination, with MSI‐H and EBV+ subtypes being the most researched, probably due to the benefit of the association with immunotherapies. However, the subclassification cannot be restricted to less than a quarter of the cases, and improvements in this aspect are urgent for the construction of knowledge on this important topic of global health.
Non‐invasive tests for endometriosis are here; how reliable are they, and what should we do with the results?
Authors: Scheck Simon M. , Henry Claire , Bedford Nick , Abbott Jason , Wynn‐Williams Michael , Yazdani Anusch , McDowell Simon
Published: November 2023

A reliable non‐invasive biomarker for endometriosis is highly likely in the coming years. In the lead‐up to this, clinicians need to be aware of commercially available tests as they become accessible, be aware of the level of evidence to support them and be prepared to counsel and manage patients who present with the results of such tests. One such test gaining popularity in Europe was developed using a machine‐based learning algorithm to analyse thousands of microRNAs based on a 200‐patient cohort with suspected endometriosis in France. We explore the background science for this commercially available test; outline the questions that remain to be answered; and caution against its use outside of a research setting.
Ultrasonic detection of vagus, accessory, and phrenic nerve atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Relation to impairment and mortality
Authors: Walter Uwe , Sobiella Gretlies , Prudlo Johannes , Batchakaschvili Michael , Böhmert Jan , Storch Alexander , Hermann Andreas
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), phrenic nerve (PN) atrophy has been found, whereas there is controversy regarding vagus nerve (VN) atrophy. Here, we aimed to find out whether PN atrophy is related to respiratory function and 12‐month survival. Moreover, we investigated the relevance of VN and spinal accessory nerve (AN) atrophy in ALS.

Methods

This prospective observational monocentric study included 80 adult participants (40 ALS patients, 40 age‐ and sex‐matched controls). The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of bilateral cervical VN, AN, and PN was measured on high‐resolution ultrasonography. Clinical assessments included the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS‐R), the Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, and handheld spirometry of forced vital capacity (FVC). One‐year survival was documented.

Results

The CSA of each nerve, VN, AN, and PN, was smaller in ALS patients compared to controls. VN atrophy was unrelated to nonmotor symptom scores. PN CSA correlated with the respiratory subscore of the ALSFRS‐R (Spearman test, r = 0.59, p < 0.001), the supine FVC (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), and the relative change of sitting–supine FVC (r = −0.64, p = 0.001). Respiratory impairment was predicted by bilateral mean PN CSA (p = 0.046, optimum cutoff value of ≤0.37 mm2, sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 56%) and by the sum of PN and AN CSA (p = 0.036). The combination of ALSFRS‐R score with PN and AN CSA measures predicted 1‐year survival with similar accuracy as the combination of ALSFRS‐R score and FVC.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography detects degeneration of cranial nerve motor fibers. PN and AN calibers are tightly related to respiratory function and 1‐year survival in ALS.
Preference‐based patient participation in intermediate care: Translation, validation and piloting of the 4Ps in Norway
Authors: Kvæl Linda A. H. , Bergland Astrid , Eldh Ann C.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The implementation and evaluation of patient participation to obtain high‐quality transitional care for older people is an international priority. Intermediate care (IC) services are regarded as an important part of the patient's pathway from the specialist to the primary care levels, bridging the gap between the hospital and the home. Patients may experience varying capacities and conditions for patient participation. Yet, few tools for evaluating patients' preferences for patient participation within IC services are at hand. Accordingly, further knowledge is needed to understand and scaffold processes for patient participation in IC. Therefore, the aim of this project was to translate, validate and pilot test the Patient Preferences for Patient Participation (the 4Ps) with patients in IC services in Norway.

Methods

This project comprised two phases: (1) a careful translation and cultural adaptation process, followed by a content validity trial among 15 patients and staff in Norwegian IC and (2) a cross‐sectional survey of the instrument with 60 patients admitted to IC.

Results

The translation between Swedish and Norwegian required no conceptual or contextual adaptations. The subsequent cross‐sectional study, designed as a dialogue between the patients and staff, revealed that only 50% of the participants received a sufficient level of patient participation based on their preferences, mostly indicating that patients were receiving less‐than‐preferred conditions for engaging in their health and healthcare issues.

Conclusion

The 4Ps instrument was deemed suitable for measuring patient participation based on patient preferences in the IC context and was feasible for both healthcare professionals and patients to complete in an interview when arriving at and leaving services. This may support person‐centred communication and collaboration, calling for further research on what facilitates patient participation and the implementation of person‐centred services for patients in IC.

Patient or Public Contribution

First, the current paper is part of the IPIC study (i.e., the implementation of patient participation in IC). Influenced by a James Lind Alliance process, the study addresses research uncertainties identified by patients, next of kin, staff and researchers in the cocreation process. Second, cognitive interviewing was conducted with 15 representatives of the target population: seven patients receiving IC services, one home‐dwelling previous IC patient (altogether four women and four men, most of them 80 years or older) and seven healthcare staff working in IC services. The interviews determined the relevance, comprehensiveness and clarity of the 4Ps. Finally, 60 patients admitted to IC took part in the cross‐sectional study.
Effectiveness of oral tofacitinib treatment on patients with moderate‐to‐severe alopecia areata in Iran
Authors: Asilian Ali , Mohammadian Parisa , Shahmoradi Zabihollah
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Alopecia areata is an inflammatory hair loss and a common autoimmune disease. Conducting treatment studies on alopecia areata is difficult due to unpredictable periods and even spontaneous recovery from the disease. In this study, the effectiveness of tofacitinib in treating alopecia areata was investigated.

Materials and Methods

The severity of the disease was evaluated using the Alopecia Severity Tool (SALT), and based on the medical history and patient's documents and photos, the score before and after the treatment was obtained. The patients were prescribed tofacitinib tablets at a dose of 5 mg twice a day for at least 6 months and were followed for a minimum of 18 months.

Results

No side effect was observed in 97.9% of the patients. After 6 months, except for three patients who did not need any maintenance dose, others needed an average daily intake of 7 mg of tofacitinib. After 18 months, the hair loss decreased by 6.45 times compared to the beginning and by 0.5 times compared to the end of 6 months (p < 0.05). In addition, it was found that body hair loss decreased 4 times compared to the beginning and 0.6 times compared to the end of 6 months (p < 0.05). The reduction of nail involvement after 18 months and 6 months was 1.2 times and 0.6, respectively, (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Treatment of alopecia areata with tofacitinib is recommended due to its effectiveness in reducing hair loss on the head, body, and nail involvement with few reversible side effects.
Nerve sonography in the diagnostic evaluation of primary and secondary carpal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kerasnoudis Antonios , Ntasiou Etfhymia , Tsiami Styliani , Sarholz Michael , Baraliakos Xenofon , Krogias Christos
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and extra‐articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, in patients with RA, it is not always possible to clinically distinguish an actual CTS from other RA‐based complaints.

Methods

We evaluated the diagnostic role of nerve ultrasound (NUS) as supportive tool in the diagnostic process of CTS in patients with RA and tried to provide etiological clarification in cases of secondary CTS. Fifty‐eight patients with RA and clinical suspicion of CTS were enrolled. All patients underwent a standardized clinical‐neurological, electrophysiological (nerve conduction studies [NCS]), and NUS examination and completed the Boston CTS Questionnaire (BCTQ).

Results

In 96 of 116 hands examined, a clinical suspicion of CTS was documented. In 43 of 96 (44.8%) CTS‐positive hands, the diagnosis was primarily confirmed by NCS, whereas in another 16 of 96 (30.2%) hands, the diagnosis could only be verified by NUS, leading to a diagnosis of CTS in 59 of 116 (50.8%) hands. In 19 of 59 (32.3%) CTS‐positive hands, tenosynovial hypertrophy was observed, and in 7 of 59 (11.8%), a cystic mass was identified as the underlying cause of secondary CTS. A good correlation between NCS and NUS findings was documented, but no significant correlation was found between NCS, NUS, and clinical findings/BCTQ.

Conclusions

In people with RA, a diagnosis of CTS purely on a clinical basis is nonspecific and should be supported by NCS and/or NUS. NUS markedly facilitates the diagnosis of CTS in these patients and enables differentiation between primary and secondary causes.
Perilipin 5 protects the mitochondrial oxidative functions and improves the alcoholic liver injury in mice
Authors: Gao Xing , Jian Lele , Zhang Lijun , Xu Yuqiao , Zhao Yuanlin , Yang Ying , Yuan Yuan , Wang Yuying , Xu Shenhui , Ren Bincheng , Li Zimeng , Wang Chao , Li Jing , Gu Yu , Ye Jing
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Alcohol consumption is a well‐established risk factor for the onset and progression of hepatic steatosis. Perilipin 5 (Plin5), a lipid droplet protein, is an important protective factor against hepatic lipotoxicity induced by excessive lipolysis, but its role and molecular mechanism in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are not fully elucidated.

Methods

The optimized National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model was used to construct ALD model mice. Automatic biochemical analyser was used for Biochemical Parameters. The primary hepatocytes and Plin5‐overexpressed HepG2 cells (including full‐length Plin5 and Plin5 deleting 444–464 aa) were used for in vitro experiment. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, Bodipy 493/503 staining, Periodic Acid‐Schiff staining, immunohistochemistry and JC‐1 staining were used to evaluate cell morphology, lipids, glycogen, inflammation and membrane potential. Commercially kits are used to detect glycolipid metabolites, such as triglycerides, glycogen, glucose, reactive oxygen species, lactic acids, ketone bodies. Fluorescently labelled deoxyglucose, NBDG, was used for glucose intake. An XF96 extracellular flux analyser was used to determinate oxygen consumption rate in hepatocytes. The morphological and structural damage of mitochondria was evaluated by electron microscopy. Classical ultracentrifugation is used to separate the subcellular organelles of tissues and cells. Immunoblotting and qPCR were used to detect changes in mRNA and protein levels of related genes.

Results

Our results showed that the expression of Plin5 in mouse livers was enhanced by alcohol intake, and Plin5 deficiency aggravated the alcohol‐induced liver injury. To clarify the mechanism, we found that Plin5 deficiency significantly elevated the hepatic NADH levels and ketone body production in the alcohol‐treated mice. As NADH elevation could promote the reduction of pyruvate into lactate and then inhibit the gluconeogenesis, alcohol‐treated Plin5‐deficient mice exhibited more lactate production and severer hypoglycemia. These results implied that Plin5 deficiency impaired the mitochondrial oxidative functions in the presence of alcohol. In addition, we demonstrated that Plin5 could be recruited onto mitochondria by alcohol, while Plin5 without mitochondrial targeting sequences lost its mitochondrial protection functions.

Conclusion

Collectively, this study demonstrated that the mitochondrial Plin5 could protect the alcohol‐induced mitochondrial injury, which provides an important new insight on the roles of Plin5 in highly oxidative tissues.
Physical appearance and elections: An inequality perspective
Authors: Bahamonde Hector , Sarpila Outi
Published: November 2023

A consensus seems to exist around physically attractive candidates winning elections more often. Unfortunately, we have limited understanding of how voters assess candidates with socioeconomically (dis)advantageous physical appearances. To bridge this gap, we studied the electoral consequences of candidates looking upper class, middle class, or working class. Using official electoral data for the 2017 Finnish municipal elections and a novel data set based on a representative sample of the Finnish population (N = 7,920), we found that Finnish citizens systematically vote for candidates who look like they have (and do have) upper‐class occupations. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that a systematic electoral penalty exists, particularly for female candidates who look like they have (and do have) working‐class occupations.
Jorge Portilla on philosophy and agential liberation
Authors: Garcia Torres Juan
Published: November 2023

Jorge Portilla argues that authentic philosophical inquiry plays a liberating function. This function is that of bringing more fully to consciousness aspects of identities or ways of being‐in‐the world that have been, up until then, tacit or opaque to the agent herself to facilitate her endorsement, rejection, or modification of these identities. For Portilla, this function facilitates greater self‐mastery by increasing the range of free variations of subjectivity available to the agent, and this increase in self‐mastery itself constitutes a kind of liberation. The main goal of this article is to provide a substantive interpretation of the nature of liberation Portilla thinks is embedded in this central function of authentic philosophical inquiry. I argue that this type of liberation should be understood ultimately in terms of increases in human agency, so I label it “agential liberation.” For Portilla, agential liberation involves two central elements: (i) a type of agential flourishing central to human flourishing, and (ii) an increase in the reach of intentional action that I describe as an expansion in the arena of human agency.
Mother‐child bidirectional influences in the development of concern for others: Disentangling positive parenting in two predominantly white, North American Samples
Authors: Partington Lindsey C. , Hastings Paul D.
Published: November 2023

Mother's positive parenting predicts children's development of concern for others; however, it is unclear which distinct positive parenting behaviors contribute to children's concern for others. We examined the bidirectional associations between mothers’ warmth and reasoning and children's concern toward an adult in distress at 4 and 6 years. We tested these associations in two independent samples with parallel methods, a U.S. community sample (Study 1, N = 83, 44% female, 73.6% White, median income range = $75,000–$90,000 USD) and a Canadian sample at risk for externalizing problems (Study 2, N = 98, 50% female, 82.7% White, median income range = $70,000–$80,000 CND). Child gender and externalizing problems were examined as moderators of these bidirectional socialization processes. In Study 1, a cross‐lagged model (CLM) found that maternal warmth positively predicted children's concern for others over 2 years, whereas children's concern for others inversely predicted future maternal reasoning. Multigroup comparisons found these lagged effects were unique to boys only. Study 2 partially replicated Study 1, revealing fully bidirectional socialization effects unique to boys. Maternal reasoning positively predicted the development of boys’ concern for others over 2 years, and boys’ greater concern for others at age 4 elicited greater maternal reasoning over 2 years. Maternal warmth positively predicted concern for others only for children with elevated externalizing problems. These findings support a differentiated approach to positive parenting research, revealing that distinct parenting behaviors may meet individual child needs uniquely.
Effects of a high‐protein, increased‐fibre, dry diet supplemented with omega‐3 fatty acids on quality of life in dogs undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Heinze Cailin R. , Burgess Kristine E. , Barber Lisa G. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Post Gerald S. , Segaloff Richard , Bayle Julie
Published: November 2023

Quality of life (QOL) in dogs with cancer is a key consideration in the assessment of cancer treatment options. Despite interest in dietary strategies to improve management of oncology patients, there have been very few clinical studies showing the impact of diet on adverse effects of chemotherapy in dogs. This study was a randomised, controlled, double‐blinded, multicenter clinical trial to investigate a high‐protein, increased‐fibre diet supplemented with omega‐3 fatty acids, for dogs with cancer undergoing standard‐of‐care chemotherapy. Client‐owned dogs with newly diagnosed grade 2 or higher mast cell tumours (or non‐resectable/incompletely resected tumours) or multicentric lymphoma were randomised to receive the test diet (n = 24) or control diet (n = 21) for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were QOL assessments, faecal scores, and blood concentrations of C‐reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. Of 12 QOL parameters, 10 significantly improved from baseline to Week 8 in the test group compared with one in the control group. However, differences between the two groups were only statistically significant for ‘frequency of signs of illness’ (P = .009). There were no significant differences in the incidence of any adverse events, including gastrointestinal adverse events or clinically significant differences in laboratory parameters or faecal scores between the two groups. The absence of an observed negative impact of the test diet, combined with the magnitude of QOL improvements associated with the diet, suggest that a larger trial is warranted.
Maximization of the Heat Transfer Irreversibility
Authors: Fakheri Ahmad
Published: November 2023

The function of a heat exchanger is to transfer heat. In this paper, a second law-based hypothesis is advanced that in heat exchangers, the entropy generated as a result of heat transfer alone, termed productive entropy, is the desired irreversibility and should be maximized while the entropy generated (irreversibilities) by other factors like friction and mixing that do not contribute to this function should be minimized or eliminated to reduce the needed heat transfer area. The hypothesis is proven mathematically for heat transfer between two fluids in a single heat exchanger and also between one hot and two cold fluids in a network of up to four heat exchangers. There currently are two approaches for minimizing the total area (minimum initial cost) of a heat exchanger network (HEN). One uses some empirically based best practices that are generally rooted in the second law, and the other uses optimization algorithms. This paper provides a third approach for HEN optimization, outlining a systematic approach to minimize the area, based on the maximization of productive entropy. The approach identifies the global minimum area for networks with any number of hot and cold streams. It constitutes another method for HEN optimization and an improvement over the existing methods that provide approximate solutions. The methodology is applied to two test cases, and it is shown that this approach improves on the results obtained using the traditional approaches. The approach can be applied to networks using any type of heat exchanger or a combination of different types of heat exchangers.
Peridynamic Analysis of Tubular Joints of the Offshore Jacket Structure
Authors: Bachimanchi Pranitha , Saha Nilanjan
Published: November 2023

Peridynamic theory is the reformulation of classical mechanics mathematical theory compatible with cracks while performing structural analysis. The present study models the tubular joints having T, Y, K, and X configurations in the peridynamic framework by implementing peridynamic shell governing equations. The linear response of the structure is validated by comparing the magnitude of deformations under static loading and the displacement variation at the subsequent load steps varying in a sinusoidal and irregular manner with the abaqus results. The crack initiation location at the stress-concentrated region and the crack growth path leading to fracture under linearly increasing loads for the considered tubular joints can be inferred from this approach. A comparative study is performed among the joint configurations based on the linear displacement variation and critical loads for the unstable deformation due to damaged material points at the joint intersection. In the present paper, apart from validating the implementation of novel theory in the offshore structure, the drawbacks and intricacies of the classical approach for studying crack initiation and growth in complex tubular joint structures are resolved by the peridynamic approach.
Structural Optimization of the Main Bearing in a Tunnel Boring Machine Considering Clearance
Authors: Wang Xinqi , Sun Wei , Wang Lintao , Liang Shihu , Mu Xiaokai
Published: November 2023

An optimal design method for the main bearing of a tunnel boring machine is proposed. In this method, the fatigue life is used as the objective function. Structural parameters, including clearance, are considered as design variables. First, a quasi-static model of the main bearing and a calculation model of the fatigue life are established. The correctness of the theoretical method is verified by comparing it with the calculation results of the finite element method. Next, the influence of clearance on the load-carrying performance under external loads is analyzed. There is an optimal negative clearance for the axial loaded and radial rows. With the increase in the external loads, the optimal negative clearance gradually decreases. The variation laws of the load-carrying performance for the axial loaded and supporting rows affected by axial clearance mainly depend on the bias load degree of the main bearing. Finally, based on the optimal design model of the main bearing, the optimal internal structure is obtained using the genetic algorithm. The optimized fatigue life is improved by 92.2%. The load-carrying performance of the optimal main bearing has also been significantly enhanced compared to the initial design. Therefore, the proposed optimization method provides a practical approach to the main bearing design.
ℓ
00
ℓ
entanglement and the twisted quantum eraser
Authors: Danese Dylan , Wollmann Sabine , Leedumrongwatthanakun Saroch , McCutcheon Will , Erhard Manuel , Plick William N. , Malik Mehul
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the generation of unbalanced two-photon entanglement in the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) transverse-spatial degree-of-freedom, where one photon carries a fundamental (Gauss) mode and the other a higher-order LG mode with a non-zero azimuthal (ℓ) or radial (p) component. Taking a cue from the N00N state nomenclature, we call these types of states ℓ00ℓ-entangled. They are generated by shifting one photon in the LG mode space and combining it with a second (initially uncorrelated) photon at a beamsplitter, followed by coincidence detection. In order to verify two-photon coherence, we demonstrate a two-photon “twisted” quantum eraser, where Hong–Ou–Mandel interference is recovered between two distinguishable photons by projecting them into a rotated LG superposition basis. Using an entanglement witness, we find that our generated states have fidelities of 95.31% and 89.80% to their respective ideal maximally entangled states. In addition to being of fundamental interest, this type of entanglement will likely have a significant impact on tickling the average quantum physicist's funny bone.
Participant Bias in Community-Based Physical Activity Research: A Consistent Limitation?
Authors: Lesser Iris A. , Wurz Amanda , Bean Corliss , Culos-Reed Nicole , Lear Scott A. , Jung Mary
Published: November 2023

Physical activity is a beneficial, yet complex, health behavior. To ensure more people experience the benefits of physical activity, we develop and test interventions to promote physical activity and its associated benefits. Nevertheless, we continue to see certain groups of people who choose not to, or are unable to, take part in research, resulting in “recruitment bias.” In fact, we (and others) are seemingly missing large segments of people and are doing little to promote physical activity research to equity-deserving populations. So, how can we better address recruitment bias in the physical activity research we conduct? Based on our experience, we have identified 5 broad, interrelated, and applicable strategies to enhance recruitment and engagement within physical activity interventions: (1) gain trust, (2) increase community support and participation, (3) consider alternative approaches and designs, (4) rethink recruitment strategies, and (5) incentivize participants. While we recognize there is still a long way to go, and there are broader community and societal issues underlying recruitment to research, we hope this commentary prompts researchers to consider what they can do to try to address the ever-present limitation of “recruitment bias” and support greater participation among equity-deserving groups.
Charting a Course: Navigating Rigor and Meaning in Global Health Research
Authors: Canelas Tiago , Godongwana Motlatso , Wayas Feyisayo A. , Lambert Estelle Victoria , Wasnyo Yves , Foley Louise
Published: November 2023

In the rapidly evolving landscape of global health research, the tension between scientific rigor and contextual meaning presents a critical challenge. Drawing on our work with the Global Diet and Physical Activity Network, this commentary explores the complexities of conducting environmental audits for physical activity and diet in 4 rapidly urbanizing African cities: Yaoundé, Lagos, Cape Town, and Soweto. We illustrate the competing demands and tensions that researchers face in balancing rigor and meaning. We discuss the adaptation of internationally validated audit tools to local contexts and the importance of area-level deprivation in interpreting data. We also examine the feasibility of virtual assessment tools, emphasizing the value of local expertise. We argue for a balanced approach that marries research rigor with contextual meaning, advocating for transparency, humility, and meaningful community engagement.
Drift and shape—new insights into human immunity against influenza virus neuraminidase
Authors: Fox Annette
Published: November 2023

Influenza virus hemagglutinin mediates infection by binding sialic acids, whereas neuraminidase cleaves sialic acids to release progeny virions. Both are targets of protective antibodies, but influenza vaccine strain selection and antigen dose are based on hemagglutinin alone. Virus characterization using first infection ferret sera indicates that escape from hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies occurs more frequently and is not coordinated with escape from neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies. A key question addressed by Daulagala et al. (P. Daulagala, B. R. Mann, K. Leung, E. H. Y. Lau, et al., mBio 14:e00084-23, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00084-23
) is how this translates to humans who encounter multiple influenza viruses throughout life. Their cross-sectional study, using sera from a wide age range of participants and H1N1 viruses spanning 1977–2015, indicates that NI antibodies are more broadly cross-reactive than HI antibodies. Both HI and NI titers were highest against strains encountered in childhood indicating that both are shaped by priming exposures. The study further supports the development of NA-optimized vaccines.
Complete genome sequences of
Lactococcus lactis
D1_2, a bacterium with antimicrobial properties isolated from peat soil
Authors: Isaac Priscilla , Mutusamy Prasanna , Su Yin Lee , Jing Wei Yap , Mohd Salleh Faezah , Abu Bakar Muhammad Abdul Latiff bin , Parimannan Sivachandran , Rajandas Heera
Published: November 2023

Lactococcus lactis
is a beneficial lactic acid bacterium commonly studied for its probiotic properties and role in dairy production. Here, we present a complete genome of
Lactococcus lactis
D1_2, isolated from peat swamp forests. To discover the potential antimicrobial properties, the complete genome of the strain was sequenced and analyzed.
Supplemental Material: The dynamic nature of aTiO2: Implications for Ti-based thermometers in magmatic systems
Authors: Fonseca Teixeira L.M. , al. et
Published: November 2023

Fitting and calculation procedures and published data sets utilized in this study.  
Validation of US CDC National Death Index mortality data, focusing on differences in race and ethnicity
Authors: Ter-Minassian Monica , Basra Sundeep S , Watson Eric S , Derus Alphonse J , Horberg Michael A
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Death Index (NDI) is a gold standard for mortality data, yet matching patients to the database depends on accurate and available key identifiers. Our objective was to evaluate NDI data for future healthcare research studies with mortality outcomes.

Methods

We used a Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States’ Virtual Data Warehouse (KPMAS-VDW) sourced from the Social Security Administration and electronic health records on members enrolled between 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017. We submitted data to NDI on 1 036 449 members. We compared results from the NDI best match algorithm to the KPMAS-VDW for vital status and death date. We compared probabilistic scores by sex and race and ethnicity.

Results

NDI returned 372 865 (36%) unique possible matches, 663 061 (64%) records not matched to the NDI database and 522 (<1%) rejected records. The NDI algorithm resulted in 38 862 records, presumed dead, with a lower percentage of women, and Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic people than presumed alive. There were 27 306 presumed dead members whose death dates matched exactly between the NDI results and VDW, but 1539 did not have an exact match. There were 10 017 additional deaths from NDI results that were not present in the VDW death data.

Conclusions

NDI data can substantially improve the overall capture of deaths. However, further quality control measures were needed to ensure the accuracy of the NDI best match algorithm.
Facile synthesis and characterization of Al-MOFs using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid as a new class of materials for Far-UVC applications
Authors: Iqbal Romaisa , Rani Malika , Shah Aqeel Ahmad , Siddiqui Rabia , Chandio Alidad , Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Abbas Waseem , Khan M. Ajmal
Published: November 2023

In this study, a novel Al-MOFs was hydrothermally synthesized using organic linker (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, i.e. trimesic acid) because of its thermal and chemical stability as well as the versatile capability of Aluminum (Al) to form multifaceted structures. The material was targeted for applications in supercapacitor, energy storage, sensing and biomedical sciences like Far-UVC device applications. The morphological structure and bandgap of the Benzene Tricarboxylic Acid (BTC)-Aluminum based MOFs samples underwent characterization using a range of techniques, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD investigation confirmed the successful fabrication of MOF layered structure on Al-MOFs with an average crystallinity of 2.155[Formula: see text]nm. SEM identified the hexagonal structure of Al-MOFs nanocrystals and showed strong agglomeration with a grain size of 186[Formula: see text]nm. EDX analysis confirms the existence of aluminum peaks along with carbon peaks (as organic linkers), indicating the presence of organic linkers in the framework, which is the key component of MOF’s porosity. The Raman spectroscopy results evidenced the synthesis of Al-MOFs structure. The optical bandgap was evaluated using UV–Vis spectrophotometry and estimated as [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, indicating the materials stability for photovoltaic and some Far-UVC devices. Overall, the results suggest that the synthesized Al-MOFs nanomaterial is a promising candidate for various applications including Far-UVC device applications.
Giant magneto-optical Kerr effect and thermoelectric properties in CeBiPt half-Heusler by DFT
Authors: Sartipi Elmira , Elahi Seyed Mohammad , Hantehzadeh Mohammad Reza , Boochani Arash , Ghoranneviss Mahmood
Published: November 2023

The mechanical, electronic, magneto-optic and thermoelectric properties of CeBiPt compound have been calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This compound has ground state point in the ferromagnetic phase with elastic stability by large bulk modulus of 88.565[Formula: see text]GPa. Poisson’s coefficient of 0.257 represents the ionic bonds between atoms, while the anisotropy coefficient indicates the elastic isotropic nature of this compound. Also, phonon dispersion emphasizes to the dynamic stability of this compound. By the mBJ approximation, this case exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic moment of 0.98[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Based on the magnetic behavior of this crystal, the Kerr effect angles ([Formula: see text]) are 3.6∘ at 3[Formula: see text]eV and [Formula: see text] at 5.4[Formula: see text]eV, respectively, therefore, the rotation angle of the ellipse light polarization ([Formula: see text]) in the edge of ultraviolet region shows a large polarization of light in the visible region. The negative Seebeck coefficient of CeBiPt compound at low temperature refers to the hole transfer, also the magnitude of the power factor at higher temperatures indicates this compound is suitable for use in power generator applications.
Control of radiating heat on the heat transfer of polar hybrid nanofluid flow through a vertical permeable plate
Authors: Mathur Priya , Mishra S. R.
Published: November 2023

The recent applications in industrial products and engineering need high thermal efficiency for the betterment of the shape of the products, the concept of hybrid nanofluid is significant in comparison to nanofluid and pure fluid. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the flow of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid over a vertical permeable plate. The study considers free convection of an electrically conducting fluid, incorporating metal and oxide components with a water-based hybrid nanofluid. Further, the conjunction of dissipative and radiating heat with generative/absorptive heat enhances the thermal properties. The use of standard transformation rules gives rise to converting the nondimensional form of concerned PDEs to ODEs. Moreover to get rid of the solution, for the nondimensional set of equations, a shooting-based numerical technique like Runge–Kutta (RK)-fourth-order is adopted for the standard values of several components within their range. The effectiveness of these parameters is studied and displayed through graphs. The computed result of the rate coefficients at the surface is depicted in tabular form. The comparative analysis with earlier work studied by considering the base liquid shows a good correlation in particular cases. However, the important outcomes are, the magnetized nano as well as hybrid nanoparticles produces a thicker momentum boundary layer thickness whereas it enhances the fluid temperature.
Analytical solution of non-Newtonian Williamson fluid under the effect of magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Shaheen Aqila , Muhammad Hussain Saira , Ghazwani Hassan Ali , Huma Zile , Siddique Imran
Published: November 2023

In this paper, inscribed non-Newtonian Williamson fluid relaxation and contraction phenomena due to the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is taken into account. This issue is modeled, and precise solutions are handled using a low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Graphical depiction of the consequences of various parameters on temperature and velocity are provided. It becomes clear that the temperature reactions to increases in Biot numbers are decreased. Considering a cylindrical coordinate system, the impact of various physical parameters on the temperature distribution, velocity, the pressure gradient, and frictional force are secured from the flow for non-Newtonian Williamson fluid exposed from MATLAB. Additionally, it has been discovered that the velocity profile at the tube’s center increases for shear-thinning a fluid and decreases for thickening a fluid. Furthermore, the peristaltic walls show the opposite behavior.
“It’s Everybody’s Role to Speak Up... But Not Everyone Will”: Understanding AI Professionals’ Perceptions of Accountability for AI Bias Mitigation
Authors: Lancaster Caitlin M. , Schulenberg Kelsea , Flathmann Christopher , McNeese Nathan J. , Freeman Guo
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigate the perceptions of AI professionals for their accountability for mitigating AI bias. Our work is motivated by calls for socially responsible AI development and governance in the face of societal harm but a lack of accountability across the entire socio-technical system. In particular, we explore a gap in the field stemming from the lack of empirical data needed to conclude how real AI professionals view bias mitigation and why individual AI professionals may be prevented from taking accountability even if they have the technical ability to do so. This gap is concerning as larger responsible AI efforts inherently rely on individuals who contribute to designing, developing, and deploying AI technologies and mitigation solutions. Through semi-structured interviews with AI professionals from diverse roles, organizations, and industries working on development projects, we identify that AI professionals are hindered from mitigating AI bias due to challenges that arise from two key areas: (1) their own technical and connotative understanding of AI bias and (2) internal and external organizational factors that inhibit these individuals. In exploring these factors, we reject previous claims that technical aptitude alone prevents accountability for AI bias. Instead, we point to interpersonal and intra-organizational issues that limit agency, empowerment, and overall participation in responsible computing efforts. Furthermore, to support practical approaches to responsible AI, we propose several high-level principled guidelines that will support the understanding, culpability, and mitigation of AI bias and its harm guided by both socio-technical systems and moral disengagement theories.
From the chair
Authors: Harvey Christine
Published: November 2023

This first issue of 2023 picks up where we left off with follow-ups from our flagship conference, SC22. There, SIGHPC Awards Chair, Bernd Mohr (Jülich Supercomputing Center), and I met Didem Unat (Koç University), the winner of the 2021 SIGHPC Emerging Woman Leader in Technical Computing (EWL/TC) Award. Dr. Unat was unable to travel to receive the award in SC21 due to you-know-what, so we remedied that at SC22. Speaking of, the call for the 2023 EWL/TC Award is now open with nominations due by June 30. Please take this opportunity to nominate a colleague!
SC is Ready to Deliver Comfirmable Research
Authors: Taufer Michela
Published: November 2023

The reproducibility of computational results has been central topic of discussion as different scientific communities have different meanings for the same term. For a scientist, reproducibility ultimately means enabling confirmable research. We can achieve confirmable research by integrating artifact descriptors (AD) and artifact evaluators (AE) in our papers, documenting every aspect of our artifact's workflows. Agencies are investing in confirmable research; an example is a recent "Dear Colleagues Letter" that reinforces the need for reproducibility in open science.
From the chair
Authors: Harvey Christine
Published: November 2023

Fall is a busy season for most people and even more so for the HPC community with the flurry of activity leading up to the SC conference in November. As you'll see in this newsletter, there are plenty of exciting opportunities in Denver during SC including acknowledging our award winners, learning more about professional societies at BoFs, and volunteering at the SIGHPC Booth. We look forward to interacting with the next generation of HPC leaders through our student travel grants, early career travel grants, and the HPC Immersion program.
LocalRec 2022 Workshop Report: The Sixth ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Location-Based Recommendations, Geosocial Networks and Geoadvertising Seattle, Washington, USA, November 1, 2022
Authors: Bouros Panagiotis , Dasu Tamraparni , Kanza Yaron , Renz Matthias , Sacharidis Dimitris
Published: November 2023

The amount of publicly available geo-referenced data has seen a dramatic explosion over the past few years. Human activities generate data and traces that are now often transparently annotated with location and contextual information. At the same time, it has become easier than ever to collect and combine rich and diverse information about locations. For instance, in the context of geo-advertising, the use of geosocial data for targeted marketing is receiving significant interest from a wide spectrum of companies and organizations. With the advent of smartphones and online social networks, a multi-billion dollar industry that utilizes geosocial data for advertising and marketing has emerged. For example, people-specific geospatial data such as geotagged social media posts, GPS traces, data from cellular antennas and WiFi access points are used on a wide scale to directly access people for advertising, recommendations, marketing, and group purchases. Exploiting this torrent of geo-referenced data provides a tremendous potential to materially improve existing recommendation services and offer novel ones, with clear benefits in many domains, including social networks, marketing, and tourism.