bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitutive outsides or hidden abodes? Totality and ideology in critical urban theory
Authors: Conroy William
Published: January 2024

In the context of hotly contested debates within critical urban theory, many scholars have recently attempted (both implicitly and explicitly) to move beyond the relational-dialectical concept of ‘totality’, taking up the notion of ‘the constitutive outside’ in its place. With this in view, this article seeks to (1) develop a critique of the ways in which the concept of the constitutive outside is deployed in these debates; and (2) to sketch another path forward – one that understands capitalist urbanisation as a distinctive moment in the evolution of a world-encompassing and internally related socio-spatial totality, while also attending to well-founded concerns among theorists of the constitutive outside regarding the question of difference and ascriptive hierarchisation. More precisely, this article will pursue a close reading of work on the constitutive outside in critical urban theory, suggesting that it effectively re-articulates longstanding and entrenched tenets of capitalist ideology, positing the image of a ‘space-time of the other’. And it will conclude with a revised conceptualisation of totality for critical urban theory, building on Nancy Fraser’s recent work on capitalism’s racialised, gendered, and ecological ‘hidden abodes’.
Editorial Mentorship and Special Issues
Authors: Mandinach Ellen B.
Published: January 2024

This article describes how mentorship and editorial guidance is important in the development and production of special issues of journals. Editors need to recognize the potential of emerging topics of interest in the field and sometimes take risks to publish cutting edge issues. Teachers College Record has a history of publishing outstanding and informative special issues. This article outlines the process for the development of one such special issue and credits the editors for their assistance and insights.
Self-regulation in online string instrument lessons: Motivation, social interaction and learning environment
Authors: Utermohl de Queiroz Dora , Foletto Clarissa , López-Íñiguez Guadalupe , Pedro Luís
Published: January 2024

This article investigates selected processes of self-regulated learning (SRL) in online string instrument lessons. We explore: (i) the factors that motivate teachers and students to commence and maintain online teaching and learning, (ii) the synchronous and asynchronous social interactions that occur between teachers, students and peers and (iii) the structuring of the online/physical learning environment. The participants were five international string teachers and six students, voluntarily teaching and learning online in a non-formal educational context. Data sources include lesson observations, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. A theoretical’ thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the possibility of online lessons overcoming geographical barriers led to the involvement of teachers and students, and persistence came with the realisation of student performance progress. Teachers attempted to overcome the impracticability of technique-related physical manipulation by stimulating students’ mental imagery. They also reported the importance of exploring interactions through social media platforms to encourage students to seek help. To account for lessons taking place at students’ homes, teachers reinforced the importance of providing instructions to promote environmental structuring. Finally, despite the physical distance, teachers affirmed that they established bonds of affection with students.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for the Increased Incidence of Revision Surgery After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Darbandi Azad Duke , Cohn Matthew , Credille Kevin , Hevesi Mario , Dandu Navya , Wang Zachary , Garrigues Grant E. , Verma Nikhil , Yanke Adam
Published: January 2024

Background:

Approximately 90% of patients who undergo arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) are satisfied with their pain levels and function after surgery. However, a subset of patients experience continued symptoms that warrant revision surgery. Preoperative risk factors for RCR failure requiring revision surgery have not been clearly defined.

Purpose:

To (1) determine the rate of RCR failure requiring revision surgery and (2) identify risk factors for revision surgery, which will help surgeons to determine patients who are at the greatest risk for RCR failure.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were performed. The initial search resulted in 3158 titles, and 533 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 10 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) human clinical studies, (2) arthroscopic RCR, (3) original clinical research, and (4) evaluation of preoperative risk factors for revision.

Results:

After a full-text review, a total of 16 risk factors were recorded and analyzed across 10 studies. Corticosteroid injection was the most consistent risk factor for revision surgery, reaching statistical significance in 4 of 4 studies, followed by workers’ compensation status (2/3 studies). Patients with corticosteroid injections had a pooled increased risk of revision surgery by 47% (odds ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.36-1.52]). Patients with workers’ compensation had a pooled increased risk of revision surgery by 133% (odds ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 2.09-2.60]). Age, smoking status, diabetes, and obesity were found to be risk factors in half of the analyzed studies.

Conclusion:

Corticosteroid injections, regardless of the frequency of injections, and workers’ compensation status were found to be significant risk factors across the literature based on qualitative analysis and pooled analysis. Surgeons should determine ideal candidates for arthroscopic RCR by accounting for corticosteroid injection history, regardless of the frequency, and insurance status of the patient.
Similar Healing Rates of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Bone Marrow Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Thamrongskulsiri Napatpong , Limskul Danaithep , Itthipanichpong Thun , Tanpowpong Thanathep , Kuptniratsaikul Somsak
Published: January 2024

Background:

Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) techniques such as microfracture, nanofracture, and the crimson duvet procedure expose the bone marrow of the proximal humerus to the rotator cuff tendon footprint. The effect of performing BMS on tendon healing is a subject of interest.

Purpose:

To compare studies on arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with BMS versus without BMS for rotator cuff tears according to healing rates and clinical and radiological outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed in conducting a search. Studies that compared arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without BMS were included if they provided postoperative patient-reported outcomes and healing rates. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MDs), while continuous outcomes were expressed as odds ratio.

Results:

Included were 5 studies (N = 499 shoulders); 4 studies had level 1 evidence, and 1 study had level 2 evidence. The healing rate of rotator cuff repair was similar between the 2 groups (ie, with and without BMS) (odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 0.63 to 4.00]; P = .33). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the postoperative Constant score (MD, 1.41 [95% CI, –0.58 to 3.39]; P = .16), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (MD, 0.77 [95% CI, –1.43 to 2.96]; P = .49), or range of motion for forward flexion (MD, 2.45 [95% CI, –0.66 to 5.57]; P = .12) and external rotation (MD, 0.81 [95% CI, –2.35 to 3.97]; P = .62) at the final follow-up between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The healing rate of rotator cuff repair was similar, regardless of whether BMS was performed or not. Additionally, there was no significant difference in postoperative patient-reported outcome scores, range of motion, and complications.

Registration:

CRD42023388427 (PROSPERO).
Evaluation of functional and oncological outcomes of localized prostate cancer after different minimally invasive therapeutic methods: A single center experience
Authors: Chinenov D. V. , Shpot E. V. , Chernov Y. N. , Gerasimov A. N. , Kazachevskaya L. Y. , Lyapichev K. A. , Ismailov H. M. , Tsukkiev Z. K. , Korolev D. O. , Rapoport L. M.
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

To study the functional and oncological results of minimally invasive treatment methods: cryoablation, brachytherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy of localized prostate cancer in a single hospital.

Methods:

One hundred sixty patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with minimally invasive methods (53, 52, 55 patients with cryoablation, brachytherapy and HIFU therapy, respectively). Prostate-specific antigen and evaluation of post-procedure biopsies were used as an assessment. The review of functional indicators and quality of life was made with International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) questionnaires.

Results:

Patients after cryoablation showed worse results of oncological control according to positive repeat biopsies, best indicators were observed after brachytherapy. When considering the IPSS results, there were statistically significantly worse scores in the brachytherapy group in the early postoperative period, these differences do not reach statistical significance in the late period in the brachytherapy and cryoablation groups. Patients in the cryoablation group showed worse indicators of IIEF-5; in the early postoperative period; in the late follow-up period, the indicators of erectile function in patients in the cryoablation group did not statistically significantly differ from those in patients after brachytherapy. Patients after HIFU therapy showed fewer cases of de novo erectile dysfunction during the follow-up period of 3 years, higher average IIEF-5 scores, lower IPSS scores and better QoL results.

Conclusion:

The recurrence of prostate cancer was statistically significantly higher in the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 3 grade group. HIFU therapy had better urination indicators compared to other groups, that can be associated with the laser enucleation of prostatic hyperplasia. The advantage was noted in patients after HIFU therapy when comparing the parameters to the IIEF-5 thus, HIFU treatment had a better impact on patients’ QoL with localized prostate cancer.
Activating transcription factor 3 is a new biomarker correlation with renal clear cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Yang Zhicong , Hou Yongwang , Li Jingqi , Xu Dandan , Yang Zhichao , Wang Xinsheng
Published: January 2024

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most invasive type of cancer, with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets of ccRCC. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a tumor oncogene or repressor, has rarely been examined in ccRCC. In the present study, we comprehensively elucidate the prognostic value and potential functions of ATF3 in ccRCC.

Methods: Several TCGA-based online databases were used to analyze ATF3 expression in ccRCC and determine ccRCC prognosis. The upstream-binding micro (mi) RNAs of ATF3 and long non-coding (lnc)RNAs were predicted using the StarBase database.

Results: Analysis of several TCGA-based online databases showed that ATF3 expression is decreased in ccRCC, suggesting a significant association with the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, we found hsa-miR-221-3p to be potential regulatory miRNA of ATF3 in ccRCC. Prediction and analysis of the upstream lncRNAs indicated that PAXIP1-AS2 and OIP5-AS1 were the most potent upstream lncRNAs of the hsa-miR-221-3p/ATF3 axis in ccRCC. The results of the GO and KEGG analyses implied that ATF3 is likely involved in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ccRCC. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between ATF3 expression and ER stress.

Conclusions: Our in silico findings highlighted that ATF3 expression was low in ccRCC and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, PAXIP1-AS2 and the OIP5-AS1/hsa-miR-221-3p/ATF3 axis were identified as significant potential regulators of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in ccRCC.
Standarized Protocols for Hybrid Filler Application in Aesthetic Medicine
Authors: Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Muñoz-Gonzalez Cristina , Porcar Plana Carmen Alejandra , Verano Garcia Alba , Kadouch Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

This study introduces protocols for using hybrid fillers (mixing calcium hydroxylapatite and hyaluronic acid) in facial, jaw, neck, and hand aesthetic treatments. The goal is to establish clear, standardized procedures to enhance effectiveness and safety.

Methods:

The study outlines detailed protocols for using hybrid fillers in aesthetic treatments, covering patient selection, injection techniques, and posttreatment care for face, jaw, neck, and hands.

Results:

The detailed descriptions empower clinicians with insights to implement standardized approaches using hybrid fillers. They aim to optimize procedural accuracy and effectiveness while reducing the risk of complications.

Conclusions:

The hybrid filler protocols standardize aesthetic treatments, aiding in optimal outcomes and guiding clinicians in enhancing their practice. In addition, these protocols serve as a valuable reference, offering comprehensive guidelines for future research in the realm of hybrid filler utilization in aesthetic medicine.
Vehicle pitch dynamics control using in-wheel motors
Authors: Kopylov Semen , Ambrož Miha , Petan Žiga , Kunc Robert , Zheng Sifa , Hou Zhichao
Published: January 2024

Implementation of in-wheel motors brings numerous advantages: decreased overall vehicle weight and manufacture cost, available accurate torque control for better road handling and powertrain high energy efficiency. Even so, when the motor is placed inside the wheel, the unsprung mass of the vehicle increases, leading to a less comfortable ride. This paper puts forward and studies a control system that takes advantage of the vertical component of the driving force provided by an in-wheel motor to enhance ride comfort and handling dynamics. The proportional integral (PI) controller was proposed to minimize the pitch acceleration response of the vehicle. Controller’s gains were optimized using the gradient descent method with sequential quadratic programing algorithm. A co-simulation approach and a dynamic model of the vehicle were presented. Data regarding the vehicle’s measurements was taken from a real car with in-wheel motors. The dynamic model of the car was validated based on the results derived during the road test experiment. Assessing the controller’s effectiveness, a co-simulation approach between the dynamic model and the control system was established. An acceleration test in a straight line showed a 25% increase in ride comfort as measured by the RMS pitch angular vibrations of the sprung mass. The control is attained with no increase in the tire load and the vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics.
Intersection collision risk evaluation and active collision avoidance strategies for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Ning , Chen Yandong , Wang Peng , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2024

In order to ensure that the autonomous vehicle can predict and taking actions to avoid the collision in time when facing the obstacles with intersection collision risk, an intersection collision risk prediction system is proposed in this paper, and two kinds of active obstacle avoidance strategies are designed according to the system: braking strategy and steering strategy. The position information of the obstacle is predicted by Fractional extended Kalman filter, the collision risk rate is determined by the time difference between the vehicle and the obstacle through the intersection point, and a neural network is trained to quickly give the collision risk of the vehicle and the obstacle. Braking strategy and steering strategy are formulated according to collision risk, the braking deceleration and Sigmoid path parameters are given. Finally, the simulation results of PreScan and MATLAB show that the collision risk prediction system can accurately predict the collision between vehicles and obstacles, the braking and steering strategies can effectively avoid the collision.
A real-time automatic rail extraction algorithm for low-density mobile laser scanning data
Authors: Hu Zhihao , Huang Xiaoci
Published: January 2024

Automatic detection of railroad infrastructure using Mobile Laser Scanning systems is a key technology for both advanced rail driver assistance and intelligent track maintenance. The recent research into railway facility extraction or condition monitoring usually relies on high-density point cloud dataset with known sensor parameters but ignores the processing performance in actual deployment and has high requirements for the acquisition device. To address these limitations, a novel rail extraction algorithm is proposed for processing Mobile Laser Scanning data in real time during acquisition, which could extract rail features by a hierarchical coarse-to-fine method with basic structural parameters. Using the geometric and global statistical characteristics of rail in raw data, a new rail descriptor is defined based on the quantitative statistics of points satisfying height difference in generalized local neighborhood. The approach is evaluated experimentally by a simulated real-time acquisition data and compared with a reference method. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a finer extraction effect and good real-time performance.
Gamification and Gaming in Cryptocurrency Education: A Survey with Cryptocurrency Investors and Potential Investors
Authors: Hadan Hilda , Zhang-Kennedy Leah , Nacke Lennart , Mäkelä Ville
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In recent years, cryptocurrency has increasingly sparked interest among investors. Many people have invested in this field without adequate knowledge. Existing research has shown that using game design elements can be an effective method of education. Such learning interventions can potentially be a good match for educating market investors, as they provide risk-free simulations for novice investors to gain practical experience without having to be concerned about real financial losses. However, it is unclear how market investors perceive gamified and game-based learning interventions and whether they would adopt them for cryptocurrency education.

Research Objectives

Our study investigated market investors’ perceptions, needs and expectations regarding the integration of gamification and game-based learning interventions in cryptocurrency education.

Methodology

We conducted an online survey with n=413 participants, including experienced market investors and people who are interested in cryptocurrency. Within the survey, we presented the mock-ups of two cryptocurrency learning interventions: a gamified cryptocurrency learning application, and a cryptocurrency learning video game.

Results

From market investors’ perspectives, our study revealed the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating gamification and game design principles to facilitate learning cryptocurrency. We identified the need to develop dynamic, accessible, reliable, and community-building gamified and game-based cryptocurrency learning interventions.

Conclusion

From our findings, we propose guidance for the integration of gamification and games in cryptocurrency education, and we provide design recommendations for investor-specific cryptocurrency learning interventions.
Gaia storytelling: Management learning as terrestrial politics
Authors: Jørgensen Kenneth Mølbjerg , Fatien Pauline
Published: January 2024

This paper addresses calls for developing eco-centric approaches to sustainable management learning that challenge the anthropocentric technocratic foci of established models. A growing concern is that despite declarations of climate emergencies, programs making a sustainable turn perpetuate rather than challenge the status-quo. A key issue is that they rely on an ontology of separateness which further detaches humans from nature. To propose an alternative approach that re-embeds human in nature through an ontology of relatedness, we develop the concept Gaia storytelling. It combines Arendt’s notion of storytelling with Latour’s notion of Gaia. Gaia storytelling dissolves the anthropocentric culture-nature binary that dominates current thinking by attuning itself to the politics of relations and how this politics performs the world through complex entanglements that involve multiple agencies. Storytelling for Gaia is seen as a way to give purpose and direction in life when this life is seen as interdependent on and created from multiple tangling agencies. Two stories that emerged from management learning exercises are discussed for developing Gaia storytelling: an auto-ethnography of a supermarket allows attuning to how our stories are affectively enacted into being through constant story selling; a storytelling workshop of regional sustainable development is used to discuss the possibilities for creating spaces of appearances that can work for Gaia. Finally, we discuss Gaia storytelling with reference to three principles: (1) natureculture, (2) common space, and (3) performativity.
Is fear of disease progression associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence in persons with HIV/AIDS?
Authors: Yeom Chan-Woo , Ha Hyeju , Hahm Bong-Jin , Hee Lee Sun , Joong Kim Nam , Shim Eun-Jung
Published: January 2024

We examined the mediating role of depression and anxiety on the relationship between fear of disease progression (FoP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and the moderating role of social support in the FoP-depression/anxiety-ART adherence relationship in persons with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). 202 PWHA completed self-report measures. Simple mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed. FoP was directly and negatively associated with ART adherence, and the mediating role of depression in this relationship was significant. Indirect effect of FoP mediated by anxiety on ART adherence was not significant. The moderating effect of social support was significant in the FoP-depression pathway, while the indirect effect of FoP on ART adherence mediated by depression was greatest at a higher level of social support and lower level of FoP. The results suggest the relevance of high FoP and depression-mediated FoP in ART adherence and social support may attenuate the negative impact of FoP.
Marginalized disappearances: Shaping the power relations of the search for the missing
Authors: Matyska Anna
Published: January 2024

Every year, tens of thousands of people go missing in Europe and across the globe, leaving the families of these individuals in the anguish of the unknown. Yet only some missing gain media attention, with others remaining the ‘missing missing’, and this contributes to a definition of who is, and who is not, worthy of being searched for. This article focuses on the Polish television programme Ktokolwiek widział, ktokolwiek wie ( Has anybody seen, does anybody know), which for the last three decades has been helping to establish a more egalitarian politics of the visibility of, and the search for, the missing in Poland, going against the grain of the mass media’s tendency to ‘symbolically annihilate’ those with less power in society. I explore how the programme supports the search for the marginalized missing, that is, those who have led precarious lives on the socio-spatial margins of Polish society, people who, to utilize Gatti’s term, were ‘socially disappeared’ before they went physically missing. I show how the programme utilizes its power of mediation to articulate disappearances of the marginalized missing and mobilizes institutions and the public to help in finding them.
Parametrizing the unmeasurable: Urban qualities as quantitative parameters for computer games
Authors: Cucuzzella Carmela , Hazbei Morteza , Asgari Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2024

Parametric design and gamification rely on quantitative factors that can be easily translated into computer language. However, measuring and quantifying the complex urban qualities poses a challenge. This leads to the question of how to incorporate complex spatial quality into parametric design. This research, therefore, proposes a method to parametrize and quantify urban qualities by extracting main spatial qualities from three main sources, developing a comprehensive list of qualities that can be effectively parametrized, breaking them down into more tangible parameters, and assessing their interrelations within a system model. The results reveal that although urban qualities are complex, they are better defined and parametrized when their relations and originating factors are fully investigated. Furthermore, qualities are classified according to their degree of connection to other qualities within the system model and the nature of these connections. This classification results in six categories: Main Instigator, Mediating and Consequential qualities, as well as Minimally, Moderately, and Highly connected qualities. This research contributes to urban parametric design by providing a method to parametrize urban qualities and gamification fields, allowing developers to implement city complex qualities into the games.
The Post-war Revival of Canadian Planning: Assessing the Impact of the Community Planning Association of Canada
Authors: Gordon David L. A. , Virginillo Miranda
Published: January 2024

The Community Planning Association of Canada (CPAC) advocated for the re-establishment of planning in post-war Canada. During this period, the federal government set reconstruction objectives, and both Central (now Canada) Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and the CPAC were formed. We believe that 1944–1947 was a critical juncture establishing planned suburban development in Canada as a path-dependent process with tremendous momentum into the 21st-century. Using a historical-institutional approach, the role of CMHC and the influence of the CPAC is examined. Analysis relying on extensive archival material demonstrates that the CPAC gave a tremendous push along the path-dependent process of suburbanization.
Reframing Teacher Candidates’ Views on Disability Through the Writings of Disabled Authors
Authors: Krishnan Sudha
Published: January 2024

This study examines the understandings and beliefs about disability of teacher candidates in a credential program to teach students with extensive support needs and shows how reading first-person narratives by disabled authors in a course influenced these understandings and beliefs. The study used deductive thematic coding to analyze reflective assignments from 21 teacher candidates and semi-structured interviews of seven candidates. Four themes were developed through the coding process including current beliefs, expressing discomfort at disabled authors’ experiences, the reflective process, where they made deep connections to personal experiences in their work, family, and community settings, and a resolve to change their teaching practice. The study recommends adding the perspectives of the disabled individual in teacher preparation texts, creating cognitive dissonance in teacher preparation programs as a first step toward changing ableism in the educational system, including veteran teachers in this conversation through university-school partnerships to encourage diversity, equity, and inclusion for all students.
Failing to Grasp our Failure to Grasp Automation Failure
Authors: Chiou Erin K.
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses three points inspired by Skraaning and Jamieson’s perspective on automation failure: (a) the limitations of the automation failure concept with expanding system boundaries; (b) parallels between the failure to grasp automation failure and the failure to grasp trust in automation; (c) benefits of taking a pluralistic approach to definitions in sociotechnical systems science. While a taxonomy of automation-involved failures may not directly improve our understanding of how to prevent those failures, it could be instrumental for identifying hazards during test and evaluation of operational systems.
The Influence of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Physical Activity on the Mental Health Benefits of Sport Participation During COVID-19
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Haraldsdottir Kristin , Reardon Claudia , Watson Andrew M.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare the benefits of sport participation with no sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the moderating effects of race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and physical activity (PA) on mental health in adolescent athletes.

Hypothesis:

Sport participation would be associated with greater improvements in mental health for athletes from racial and ethnic minority and lower SES groups compared with White and high SES groups. PA would mediate <30% of the mental health benefits of sport participation.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

In May 2021, adolescent athletes completed an online survey (demographics, sport participation, measures of anxiety and depression, PA). Participants were classified as those who played sports (PLY) and those who did not (DNP). Mental health symptoms for the PLY and DNP groups were compared via analysis of variance models that controlled for demographic variables. Moderating analyses assessed the interaction of sport participation status by (1) race and ethnicity (White/non-White) and (2) SES (high/low) with mental health. Mediation analyses assessed the degree that PA scores explained the differences in anxiety and depression between the 2 groups.

Results:

Participants included 4874 adolescent athletes (52% female; age, 16.1 ± 1.3 years; PLY, 91%). Athletes who returned to sport from racial minority groups and low SES had greater decreases in anxiety (race and ethnicity: interaction estimate (b) = -1.18 ± 0.6, P = 0.04; SES, b = -1.23 ± 0.5, P = 0.02), and depression (race and ethnicity: b = -1.19 ± 0.6, P = 0.05; SES, b = -1.21 ± 0.6, P = 0.03) compared with White and high SES athletes, respectively. PA explained 24% of anxiety ( P < 0.01) and 20% of depression scores ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Athletes who identify as a racial or ethnic minority and from areas of lower household income experienced disproportionately greater negative mental health impacts from sport restrictions during COVID-19.

Clinical Relevance:

Improving access to sports in traditionally underserved areas may have significant mental health impact for adolescents.
Frontal Sinus Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injury: Predictors of Mortality in Surgical Management
Authors: Trejo Eduardo , García Patricio , Ortega Diego A. , González Karla C. , Botello Edgar , Hernández Gamaliel , Morales Jesús A. , Martínez Ángel R.
Published: January 2024

Study Design

This is anobservational, retrospective, analytical study.

Objective

The aim was todetermine a statistical basis for a future line of research based on the epidemiology of a center located in a developing country, as well as defining indirect mortality predictors.

Methods

Clinical files were reviewed based on diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10). Sociodemographic variables as well as treatment modality of the condition during hospitalization was recorded. The patient sample was divided into two groups. Student’s T-test was performed in variables with normal distribution and Chi-square test in independent random variables with standard normal distribution. For correlations, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used, taking the P-value <.05 as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 150 participants were included in this study, from which 125 were male (83.3%). The average age was 28.58 ± 16.55 years. The median hospitalization time was 9 days. Forty-five patients (30%) were treated conservatively. Fifteen patients died during hospitalization. The factors considered as predictors of mortality in the general population corresponded to Motor Vehicle Accident, Frontonasal Duct Obstruction, Neuroinfection, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, as well as GCS at discharge. In the patients who underwent surgery, predictors of mortality corresponded to Motor Vehicle Accident, Bilateral Frontal Craniotomy, Surgical Bleeding >475 cc, Neuroinfection, as well as GCS at admission and discharge.

Conclusions

The creation of adequate diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in traumatic brain injury management is needed, especially in developing countries. More specific studies are needed, particularly analytical and multicentric studies, which may allow the development of these algorithms.
Double criminality and the European Arrest Warrant: current trends and future developments in light of the KL case
Authors: Bondi Gianmarco
Published: January 2024

In line with its case-law, in the KL case the Court of Justice of the European Union further reduced the scope of the principle of double criminality in the European Arrest Warrant. This paper serves to critique this decision by taking into consideration the various competing issues at stake and resulting human rights repercussions. Furthermore, it examines the contents and consequences of the CJEU’s interpretation of the said principle, with particular emphasis on the concept of legal interest. Finally, by referring to the judgement in question and the one in the E.D.L. case, this essay advances a different reading of the proportionality of offences and penalties in surrender proceedings.
Effects of Experiential Learning Program of Community Health Workers on Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases of Respiratory System
Authors: Wongcharoen Neeranuch , Srirattayawong Thapkwan , Panta Pitakpong , Ongkulna Kiattisak , Teachasub Jutapong , Somboon Tanawat , Weiangkham Dao
Published: January 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Community health workers (CHWs) can be extremely important in many facets of healthcare, especially for marginalized communities. Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory System were important for CHWs in Preventing and Control Diseases.

Methods:

This quasi-experimental research; a 2 pretest-post group design, aimed to investigate the result of the experiential learning program of the CHWs toward health literacy and preventive behaviors of the infection of emerging and re-emerging diseases of the respiratory system. The samples are 66 CHWs working in Ngao District, Lampang Province which were divided into 2 groups; the experimental and control groups, 33 subjects for each group. The tools used in this research consisted of an experiential learning program for 6 weeks and a questionnaire concerning health literacy and preventive behaviors of emerging and re-emerging diseases in the respiratory system.

Results:

The experimental group had the mean score of health literacy regarding the prevention of emerging and re-emerging diseases of the respiratory system at the highest level ([Formula: see text] = 4.52, SD = 0.16) which was higher than before receiving the program which was a high level ([Formula: see text] = 3.61, SD = 0.32) at the significant level of P < .001 while the preventive behavior concerning the emerging and re-emerging diseases in the respiratory system was at the highest level ([Formula: see text] = 4.63, SD = 0.41)and higher than the control group which was at a high level ([Formula: see text] = 4.36, SD = 0.50) at the significant level of P < .001.

Conclusions:

The research results could be a guideline for developing the CHW’s potential effectively and proficiently.
Technique and Outcomes of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repair With Augmentation
Authors: Loeb Alexander E. , Ithurburn Matthew P. , Kidwell-Chandler Ariel , Atkinson Andrew , Cain E. Lyle
Published: January 2024

Background:

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries to the knee are uncommon, and ideal surgical management of these injuries is unclear. Current surgical techniques include PCL reconstruction with remnant debridement, remnant-preserving techniques, and primary PCL repair. Augmentation of PCL repairs and reconstructions has been proposed to protect repairs or grafts in the postoperative period.

Purpose:

To describe PCL repair with the hamstring autograft augmentation technique and examine our preliminary midterm outcomes from a sequential cohort of patients.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The authors identified patients at their institution who underwent remnant-preserving primary PCL repair with hamstring autograft augmentation for both isolated tears and tears associated with multiligament knee injury (MLKI). Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated at a minimum 2-year follow-up using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form, the 12-item Short Form Survey, and a custom return-to-play questionnaire. Patient-reported outcomes data were summarized, and the predictors of outcomes from the descriptive data and clinical measures were further examined.

Results:

A total of 23 patients with a mean follow-up of 5.3 years met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 87% were associated with MLKI. The mean IKDC score was 87.7. Approximately 83% of patients were able to successfully return to their sport or occupation. Among 19 athletes, only 2 reported being unable to return to their preinjury level of sport because of limitations from their PCL surgery. Patient-reported outcome scores and return to sport or occupation did not have a statistically significant association with age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to surgery, or follow-up time.

Conclusion:

Outcomes of our cohort with remnant-preserving primary PCL repairs with hamstring autograft augmentation demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes to previously published PCL data. The advantages of remnant preservation, primary repair, and augmentation with an independent hamstring autograft reconstruction are combined within this technique.
Cross-National Study of Transparency in CSR Communication and Corporate Trust: Mediating Roles of Perceived Altruism and Perceived Skepticism
Authors: Rim Hyejoon , Dong Chuqing , Zhang Yafei
Published: January 2024

This study uses online surveys administered in the US ( N = 491), the UAE ( N = 538), and South Korea ( N = 548) to examine the associations between transparency strategies in CSR communication (i.e., participation, substantial information, and accountability) and the public’s evaluation of corporate trust. Additionally, it investigates the mediating roles of perceived altruism and skepticism toward CSR, while also exploring how these associations differ across the three selected countries. When testing a proposed model using the combined data from three countries ( N = 1,577), our findings suggest that transparency strategies do not directly contribute to corporate trust. However, the participation aspect leads to corporate trust only through the influence of perceived altruism, while substantial information predicts a reduced level of CSR skepticism. Notably, results derived from country-specific data reveal intriguing patterns concerning accountability. In the US, accountability leads to altruism and fosters corporate trust, while in the UAE, it contributes to fostering corporate trust. However, in South Korea, it leads to increased skepticism. Conversely, in South Korea, substantial information contributes to building corporate trust. We discuss the implications of these findings from the unique institutional, social, and cultural perspectives of the countries studied.
Digital denizenship: Hindu nationalist architectures of digital closings and unbelonging in India
Authors: Oza Ekta , Williams Philippa , Kamra Lipika
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the sociodigital experiences of political and religious minorities in contemporary India to understand matters of voice and power, as well as feelings of belonging, identity and citizenship. It builds out from research conducted in New Delhi between February and June 2019 during and after the Indian national elections and focuses on WhatsApp as an everyday space where Hindu nationalism is (re)produced and articulated through memes, forwarded messages, videos and political talk. In the shadow of right-wing nationalisms, it examines how civic and political relationships are being transformed. Drawing on experiences and narratives of political and religious minorities we contend that the ‘digital denizen’ represents a new digital-political subject, one who is increasingly outcaste within a global conjuncture of exclusionary politics, technological affordances and local histories of power and coercion. Digital denizenship represents the regression of citizenship which connects ways of acting and articulating within intimate and digital storytelling infrastructures shaped by the articulation and defence of ‘truth’. We show how being a digital denizen means recognising, anticipating and navigating the oppressive expressive power of exclusionary sociodigital practices in order to quietly resist difference, disorientation, danger and unbelonging in everyday life.
A behavioral explanation of the activity-space segregation: Individuals’ preference of choosing an activity destination
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhou Suhong , Lu Junwen , Zheng Zhong
Published: January 2024

The difference in the individuals’ preference of activity destination choice is a new explanation for the activity-space segregation. This study investigates individuals’ preference in the destination choice for their daily activities. It uses revealed preference survey for the choice of the activity destination, and mobile phone dataset for the ambient population at the activity destination in Guangzhou, China. It has found that (1) the activity-space segregation is strongly influenced by the residential segregation, but disadvantaged populations are more spatially constrained by the distance decay effect; (2) all individuals prefer a destination with high diversity of built environment; and (3) migrant people tend to be self-segregated at the activity space, but people with higher education status prefer to take activities at an integrated place.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Healthcare Sector: A Critical Evaluation of Both Sides of the Coin
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Victoros Evangelos , Ernest Julianne , Davis Rob , Shanjana Yeasna , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: January 2024

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) has drastically risen in recent years, especially in the field of medicine. Its influence has spread so greatly that it is determined to become a pillar in the future medical world. A comprehensive literature search related to AI in healthcare was performed in the PubMed database and retrieved the relevant information from suitable ones. AI excels in aspects such as rapid adaptation, high diagnostic accuracy, and data management that can help improve workforce productivity. With this potential in sight, the FDA has continuously approved more machine learning (ML) software to be used by medical workers and scientists. However, there are few controversies such as increased chances of data breaches, concern for clinical implementation, and potential healthcare dilemmas. In this article, the positive and negative aspects of AI implementation in healthcare are discussed, as well as recommended some potential solutions to the potential issues at hand.
α-Ketoglutarate improves cardiac insufficiency through NAD+-SIRT1 signaling-mediated mitophagy and ferroptosis in pressure overload-induced mice
Authors: Yu Hao , Gan Daojing , Luo Zhen , Yang Qilin , An Dongqi , Zhang Hao , Hu Yingchun , Ma Zhuang , Zeng Qingchun , Xu Dingli , Ren Hao
Published: January 2024

Background

In heart failure (HF), mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic remodeling lead to a reduction in energy productivity and aggravate cardiomyocyte injury. Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate (AKG) alleviated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice with HF and improved cardiac insufficiency. However, the myocardial protective mechanism of AKG remains unclear. We verified the hypothesis that AKG improves mitochondrial function by upregulating NAD+ levels and activating silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in cardiomyocytes.

Methods

In vivo, 2% AKG was added to the drinking water of mice undergoing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. Echocardiography and biopsy were performed to evaluate cardiac function and pathological changes. Myocardial metabolomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) at 8 weeks after surgery. In vitro, the expression of SIRT1 or PINK1 proteins was inhibited by selective inhibitors and siRNA in cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II (AngII) and AKG. NAD+ levels were detected using an NAD test kit. Mitophagy and ferroptosis levels were evaluated by Western blotting, qPCR, JC-1 staining and lipid peroxidation analysis.

Results

AKG supplementation after TAC surgery could alleviate myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and improve cardiac function in mice. Metabolites of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) were increased, but the TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism pathway could be inhibited in the myocardium of TAC mice after AKG supplementation. Decreased NAD+ levels and SIRT1 protein expression were observed in heart of mice and AngII-treated cardiomyocytes. After AKG treatment, these changes were reversed, and increased mitophagy, inhibited ferroptosis, and alleviated damage in cardiomyocytes were observed. When the expression of SIRT1 was inhibited by a selective inhibitor and siRNA, the protective effect of AKG was suppressed.

Conclusion

Supplementation with AKG can improve myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and chronic cardiac insufficiency caused by pressure overload. By increasing the level of NAD+, the SIRT-PINK1 and SIRT1-GPX4 signaling pathways are activated to promote mitophagy and inhibit ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, which ultimately alleviates cardiomyocyte damage.