bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Silence: Unveiling Child Abuse in Bangladesh
Authors: Morium Salma
Published: May 2024

Child abuse is a grave global concern that goes beyond geographical, cultural, and socio-economic boundaries. Bangladesh is a country characterized by its rich cultural heritage and diverse population. It’s a densely populated South Asian nation, that has made significant strides in improving various aspects of human development over the past decades. However, despite these advancements, child abuse remains a significant challenge that demands urgent attention. Child abuse takes various forms, including physical, sexual, emotional, and neglectful abuse, each leaving scars that can impede a child's potential to thrive and contribute positively to society. Moreover, the intricate tapestry of socioeconomic disparities, traditional practices, and limited access to education and healthcare services further compounds the vulnerabilities of children, often exposing them to increased risks of exploitation and maltreatment. This paper will delve into the prevailing cultural norms and societal attitudes that might perpetuate child abuse, exploring how traditional beliefs and practices intersect with modern challenges. By analyzing statistical data, academic research, and expert opinions, the study will provide a nuanced understanding of the scale of the problem, helping to identify gaps in current policy frameworks and protective mechanisms. Additionally, the research will scrutinize the role of various stakeholders, such as government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and international bodies, in addressing child abuse in Bangladesh.
Analyzing Environmental Public Interest Litigation Research (2003-2023) Through Bibliometrics and CiteSpace: The Perspective of China
Authors: Qingran Liu , Jingyi Yu
Published: May 2024

Environmental public interest litigation serves as an effective mechanism for environmental protection. A comprehensive literature review in environmental public interest litigation holds significant implications for both practical applications and theoretical advancements. This study utilized CiteSpace analysis software to examine the research hotspots and evolving trends in this field based on 978 articles from the CNKI database (839 articles) and the Web of Science core collection (139 articles) published between 2003 and 2023. The results indicated: (1) In terms of publication volume, the field of environmental public interest litigation in both China and abroad has undergone three phases: an initial exploration phase, a phase of steady development, and a phase characterized by fluctuations in growth or decline. (2) Regarding institutional collaborations, research alliances between Chinese and international institutions in this domain are relatively limited. (3) From keyword co-occurrence and keyword burst perspective, both domestic and international studies predominately focus on “public participation”, and burst keywords such as “plaintiff qualifications” and “environmental jurisprudence” continue to be central themes in Chinese publications. (4) Keyword Time-Zone map reveals that shifts in research hotspots closely align with advancements in legal regulations within the practice sector. This study extends prior work by temporal scope, literature breadth, and issue depth, summarizing the environmental public interest litigation research under different backgrounds thereby providing advice for future development in China.
A Novel Evaluate the Ultimate Strength of Plate Having Cutout Under In-Plane Compression
Authors: Hinh Nguyen , Phong Ta , Hai Nguyen
Published: May 2024

In this study, investigating the effect of different sizes, cut out shapes and different shapes of the structural to the ultimate strength of steel panels. The nonlinear finite element method is applied in this study. A series of simulations have been performed for the unstiffened panels have the cutouts with different shapes and sizes. Effect of size and cutout shapes to the ultimate strength of steel plates and different shapes of the structural. The relationship between stress and strain is investigated and analyzed. A relationship showed that the effects of different shapes of structural to ultimate strength is presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress and ultimate strength of perforated structures with holes under the compression edge load. Which is the main action type arising from cargo weight and water pressure affecting the ships structure and offshore structures. The cutout is circular and elongated circular in the located in the center of the plate. A series of Abaqus nonlinear finite element analyses performed with cutout size is investigated. By regression analysis of the FEA results is obtained, it helps marine designers to give the optimum structure for simultaneous durability to ensure the maximum saving of raw materials.
Pathway to Multi-Response Characterization of the Improved Elliptical Vessel Solar Receiver for Efficiencies Maximization
Authors: Onah Thomas , Aka Christian , Egwuagu Onyekachi
Published: May 2024

Studies on the pathway to multi-response characterization of the improved elliptical vessel solar receiver for environmental sustainability has been studied. The materials were sourced based on categories of components element: support mechanisms made of mild steel plates, bolts, nuts, clamps, and water as heat transfer fluid. The reflector was made of aluminum foil tape while the vessel has a glass cover fitted with bolts and nuts, the receiver is made of copper pipe, aluminum pipe, galvanized iron pipes, and stainless steel pipes. They are fitted into the vessel with chlorinated polyvinyl chloride 3⁄4 pipes, and journal-bearing mechanisms. Furthermore, glass cover attachment reduces radiative heat loss coefficient by eliminating wind influence and increases heat flux inside the vessel thereby improving heat transfer, hence improving the overall system's efficiency. The pathway to multi-response characterization showed that the average experimental thermal efficiency rose from 9.83% to 12.55% and from 4.42% to 7.03% for Polyurethane coated Copper and Aluminum respectively. It reduced from 9.83% to 8.53% and from 8.10% to 6.50% respectively for Polyurethane coated Galvanized Iron and Aluminum. This depicts the gleam appearance of Polyurethane coating on Galvanized Iron and stainless steel thus reducing their heat absorption coefficient and in turn reducing their efficiency.
Comparison of Economic Feasibility of Different Chicken Genotypes Under On-Station Condition
Authors: Abdu Misba , Gebreslassie Atsbaha
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this study was to compare the economic feasibility of Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂Improved Horro*Cosmopolitan♀ (HC), and ♂Cosmopolitan*Improved Horro♀ (CH) in reference to Indigenous (L) and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. The study employed a completely randomized design, with a total of 180 samples (36/genotype) for egg sales, 54 samples (9/genotype) for live bird sales, and 36 samples (6/genotype) for meat sales. Each genotype's eggs, live birds, and meat sales were triplicate. All data were analyzed using the GLM model in SAS Software. At 8–24weeks, KK had the highest feed intake (AFI8–24) compared to HC, CH, and C; nevertheless, L had the lowest next to H. At 8–52 weeks, KK, CH, and HC hens had the highest feed intake (AFI8–52), whereas L, H and C hens had the lowest. L had the lowest meat yield (MYD) next to H, but the KK had the highest between 8 and 24 weeks followed by the HC, CH, and C. Live genotypes and meats sales showed that KK had the highest costs (TC1) and meat sales (TC2) followed by HC, CH and C, but the lowest for H and L. KK had the lowest total live sale return (TR1), whereas H had the highest followed by L, CH, HC, and C.L had the lowest total meat sale return (TR2), while KK had the highest followed by HC, CH, C, and H.L hen had the lowest total egg sale return (TR3) followed by C, while the highest was achieved by CH hen followed by H, KK and HC.H had the highest live net return (NR1) followed by L, CH, C, and HC, while KK had the lowest. Meat net return (NR2) was the lowest for L and the highest for KK followed by HC, CH, C, and H. H had the highest net return of egg sales (NR3) followed by CH, C, KK, and HC, but L had negatively least. H registered the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR1/TC1vs.TR3/TC3) compared to other genotypes (live chicken and eggs). KK showed the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR2/TC2) followed by HC, CH, C and H, whereas L had the lowest for meat. In conclusion, the net return and cost-benefit ratio for live genotypes, meats and eggs were notably positive and feasible except L had (for egg case) negative net return and cost-benefit ratio.
Mathematical Model for Thermo-Electrical Instabilities in Semiconductors
Authors: Arzikulova Mukaddas
Published: May 2024

Crystalline semiconductors under specific conditions, with an applied electric field, switch or oscillate between two conductive states, thus producing low frequency oscillations of electric current flowing through the sample and as a result of Joule heating oscillations of sample temperature. These phenomena are recognized to be thermo - electrical instabilities. Although current oscillations can be detected and registered experimentally, there is no device that can detect, register and allow us to study the sample temperature change in time. The purpose of this study is to learn about the relationship of electric current and sample temperature coupled with deep traps that play an important part in supporting the phenomenon. This can be done only by setting up a mathematical model that describes the phenomenon in detail. The equations that make up the model are continuity equations for free electron and deep traps carrier populations, as well as a heat conduction equation – a set of ordinary nonlinear inhomogeneous differential equations. The system is transformed into a so called “canonical form” as a result of linearization of the system at isolated equilibrium. It is achieved by expansion of the right hand sides of the equations into two variable Taylor series at isolated equilibrium involving linear non-singular transformation. The mathematical model for thermo-electrical instabilities in an n-type semiconductor with non-degenerate electron statistics has been studied as 3D dynamical system. The system of differential equations is broken down into component planar systems, each of them being tested for existence of limit cycles on a determined phase plane, followed by quantitative investigation of their local behavior at isolated equilibrium and at points on individual trajectories on phase plane dependant on single parameter T0. Solutions of sets of initial value problems as time series of the variables: free electron concentration; sample temperature; deep trap population is presented. The investigation results show that oscillations of sample temperature follow those of current. Change in T0 forces the system to adjust to new thermodynamical state by changing frequency and amplitude of the oscillations as well as dynamics of deep trap population.
Performance Evaluation of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Varieties for Moisture Stress Areas of Simada, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Alamir , Fentie Dejen
Published: May 2024

Tef is the major staple cereal crop in Ethiopia, mainly grown under rainfed condition. The major objective of this study was to evaluate and recommend the best performed tef varieties for the tef growers of moisture stress areas. Field experiment was conducted to select well adapted and high yielder tef varieties at Simada North western, Ethiopia during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 main cropping season. The experiment was conducted by using 12 tef varieties through a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined analysis of variance over years revealed a highly significant difference (p<0.01) among studied tef varieties for days to maturity, biomass yield, grain yield and harvest index and significant difference (p<0.05) for plant height. Infarct, the cultivation of improved tef varieties in moisture deficit areas is absolutely crucial for food security and income generation to the communities by enhanced tef production and productivity through using recommended varieties as compared to the farmers local varieties. So, the Two tef varieties, Mechere and Zoble provided as higher grain yield 1830kg/ha, 1824 kg/ha respectively at moisture stress area. Therefore, based on grain yield and other important traits, Mechere and Zoble varieties could be recommended for Simada district and similar moisture stressed agro ecologies.
Evolution of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices According to Continuous Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS-C) from 2010-2011 to 2019 and Associated Factors in Senegal
Authors: Camara Maty , Ndiaye Ibrahima , Gueye Boubacar , Dramé Aboubacry , Bassoum Oumar , Toure Anna , Sarr-Cisse Aita , Coly Aminata , Beye Maguette , Lo Nafissatou
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The first two years of a child's life are particularly important. Inadequate breastfeeding practices during this period considerably compromise the health, development and survival of infants, children and mothers. Several studies have assessed the impact of breastfeeding on infant mortality. The objectives of our study were to investigate changes in exclusive breastfeeding practices during the first six months of life according to DHS data from 2010-2011 to 2019 and to identify the various associated factors. Methodology: This is a quantitative analysis of secondary data based on cross-sectional data from the DHS from 2010-2011 to 2019 on changes in exclusive breastfeeding practices for infants under six months of age. Our study focused on women aged 15 to 49 years interviewed during the DHS and residing in Senegal at the time of the various surveys who had children under two years of age. Data were collected on exclusive breastfeeding rates in different years, the socio-demographic and gyneco-obstetric characteristics of mothers, and the characteristics of newborn children. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Results: showed that exclusive breastfeeding rates remained below 50% from 2010-11 to 2019. Analysis by region showed a disparity between the different regions. The associated factors were: ethnic group: Wolof are less likely to practice EBF with an adjusted AOR of 0.59 with a CI95: [0.38, 0. 90], maternal literacy: mothers who could not read were less likely to perform EBF with an adjusted AOR of 0.71 and a CI95: [0.53-095], birth order: mothers with 6 or more children were more likely to perform EBF, with an AOR of 3.20 and a CI95: [1.68-6.17], maternal occupation: Working mothers were less likely to practice EBF than non-working mothers, with an AOR of 0.60 and a CI95 [0.46-0.79], access to the media: Mothers with access to the media were less likely to practice assisted fertilization, with an AOR of 0.57 and a CI95: [0.37-0.90] and use of modern contraception: Mothers using modern contraception were less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding, with an AOR of 0.53 and a CI95: [0.38-0.72]. Conclusion: Despite all the efforts made by the Senegalese government and its technical and financial partners, rates are still low. To strengthen the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, it is important and urgent to design and implement innovative evidence-based interventions covering the different levels of the socio-ecological model (individuals, families, communities and public policies).
Label-Free Identification of AML1-ETO Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Yimeng , Chen Xing , Zhu Mingyao , Xu Yang , Wu Yihui , Gao Sujun , Zhang Ming , Su Long , Han Wei , Chi Mingbo
Published: May 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological tumor disease. Chromosomal abnormality is an independent prognostic factor in AML. AML with t(8:21) (q22; q22)/AML1-ETO (AE) is an independent disease group. In this research, a new method based on Raman spectroscopy is reported for label-free single-cell identification and analysis of AE fusion genes in clinical AML patients. Raman spectroscopy reflects the intrinsic vibration information of molecules in a label-free and non-destructive manner, and the fingerprint Raman spectrum of cells characterizes intracellular molecular types and relative concentration information, so as to realize the identification and molecular metabolism analysis of different kinds of cells. We collected the Raman spectra of bone marrow cells from clinically diagnosed AML M2 patients with and without the AE fusion gene. Through comparison of the average spectra and identification analysis based on multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, the distinction between AE positive and negative sample cells in M2 AML patients was successfully achieved, and the single-cell identification accuracy was more than 90%. At the same time, the Raman spectra of the two types of cells were analyzed by the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares decomposition method. It was found that the presence of the AE fusion gene may lead to the metabolic changes of lipid and nucleic acid in AML cells, which was consistent with the results of genomic and metabolomic multi-omics studies. The above results indicate that single-cell Raman spectroscopy has the potential for early identification of AE-positive AML.
Neural network-driven interpretability analysis for evaluating compressive stress in polymer foams
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Alejandro E , Plascencia-Mora Héctor , Acevedo-Alvarado Mario
Published: May 2024

This research presents a method to analyze how neural network models, applied to Expanded Polypropylene and Expanded Polystyrene foams, predict their compressive stress responses. By using SHAP values and Partial Dependence Plots, the study elucidates the models’ decision-making processes. It focuses on three main features for both materials: density, loading rate, and strain, with an additional feature concerning loading and unloading for Expanded Polystyrene foam. The findings highlight that increased density and loading rate are closely correlated with higher compressive responses, and strain emerges as the most influential factor for the response of both materials. Partial Dependence Plots reveal a linear relationship with density, whereas other variables demonstrate non-linear relationships. These results validate the use of neural networks in analyzing material behavior, showing that the models’ outputs are in line with empirical observations. In conclusion, as presented, the integration of interpretability tools with neural network models offers a robust method for material response analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of material science.
Diversity and Inclusion in Regional Science Participation: Through the Lens of Data Mining
Authors: Schintler Laurie A. , Chen Zhenhua
Published: May 2024

Despite increasing awareness of the need to promote diversity, equity and inclusion in regional science, it remains unclear how and to what extent underrepresentation exists in the field. In addition, although inequalities in science along these lines have been studied empirically across a wide range of fields and disciplines, they have yet to be examined specifically in the field of regional science per se. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the extent to which there are disparities in publication and citation rates based on race, gender and region, and how topic selection affects these differentials. To achieve this goal, we analyzed 4,930 bibliometric records for nine journals with an explicit regional science brand over the period from 1961 to 2021, we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique regression modeling to assess how citation impact is affected by the gender, race, nationality of authors, topic selections, and other relevant factors. The results of this study provide evidence on patterns of inequality in regional science and help to understand the distribution of scientific productivity and impact by gender, race and origins. While the field is becoming more diverse and inclusive in terms publications and citations, significant gaps and disparities remains, especially regarding the Global South and minorities. We conclude with policy and programmatic recommendations for promoting broader participation in regional science in the future.
The business of universities: A case study of halls of residence
Authors: COWAN DAVE , BOROUMAND KIANA
Published: May 2024

In this article, we discuss the changing modes of provision of English Universities’ halls of residence from University provision to a complex marketplace in which private provision dominates. We frame our analysis around five themes familiar to discussions of privatisations of public sector institutions: financialisation, affordability, infrastructure, regulation, and partnerships. We draw on our original research, which comprises a survey of 50 universities, readings of the corporate reports of the leading providers, and seven key stakeholder interviews. This data enables us to illustrate concerns about the effects on students and the University sector in England as a result of the shift in mode of provision.
Diagnostic yield of computed tomography angiography in patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kjølhede Maria , Hjort Niels , Homburg Sif , Nørholt Morten , Dalby Rikke Beese , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund
Published: May 2024

Background

Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common causes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, these conditions do not imply macrovascular pathology. Still, computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) is often performed in the acute phase in patients with ICH.

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic yield of CTA in the detection of secondary etiology in consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH.

Material and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective single-center cohort study of 203 patients presenting with spontaneous ICH admitted to a comprehensive stroke center over a two-year period (15 October 2016 to 15 October 2018). The underlying vascular pathology was assessed using CTA.

Results

CTA was performed in addition to non-contrast CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular pathology was found in 11 of 203 (5.4%) patients and included arteriovenous malformations (n=4), aneurysms (n=4), vasospasms (n=1), cerebral venous thrombosis (n=1), and other vascular malformations (n=1). In eight cases, the finding was deemed symptomatic. Patients with vascular pathology on CTA more often had lobar located hemorrhages (63.6% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.049). Numerically, patients with vascular pathology were younger, had smaller hematoma volumes, and lower mortality.

Conclusion

Underlying macrovascular pathology was detected on CTA in only approximately 1 of 20 consecutive patients with ICH. The patients with vascular pathology more often had a hemorrhage with a lobar location and young age and the present study is supportive of a risk-based stratification approach in performing CTA.
Factors associated with irritable bowel syndrome and Helicobacter pylori infection: public knowledge and awareness of signs and symptoms
Authors: Shaheen Muamar M. A. , Hroub Maysaa , Talahmeh Lana
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate factors related to the risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods

This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study analysed the responses from participants that completed an online questionnaire, which asked about their knowledge of the causes and risk factors associated with IBS and H. pylori infection.

Results

The study analysed responses from 230 participants: 181 females (of 227 participants; 79.7%) and 190 aged 18–40 years (of 228; 83.3%). Of the 230 participants, 40 (17.4%) had been diagnosed by a physician with IBS and 57 (24.8%) had been diagnosed with H. pylori infection. Of 226 participants, 93 (41.2%) had self-medicated with antibiotics in the past 6 months for various reasons. The overall mean ± SD knowledge score about IBS and H. pylori infection for the study cohort ( n = 230) was 35.8 ± 19.2%. Wald χ2-test analysis demonstrated that chronic diseases, antibiotic use and having an endoscopy were significantly associated with developing IBS. Male sex and chronic diseases were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Logistic regression analysis showed no relationship between IBS and H. Pylori infection.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases was the only risk factor common for IBS and H. pylori infection.
IFLA’s role in mobilizing libraries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: A review
Authors: Devi Sapna , Gupta Dinesh K , Arahova Antonia
Published: May 2024

This article examines how IFLA promotes the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by building strong librarianship and fostering a literate, informed and engaged society. Data was collected through various search strategies from the IFLA website and Google Scholar, and organized meaningfully to highlight the contributions of various IFLA sections towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. IFLA’s various sections and key projects – such as the Green Library Award, toolkits, Library Map of the World and Sustainable Development Goal stories – were studied to analyse IFLA’s role in mobilizing libraries towards attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. IFLA should work internationally to transform libraries to benefit the library profession, community and environment. The findings suggest that library and information science professionals should be aware of the activities undertaken and visualized through IFLA’s intention to mobilize libraries and raise awareness about the Sustainable Development Goals in the community at large.
Understanding the complex dynamics of climate change in BRICS countries: Analyzing the COP26 and COP27 agendas
Authors: Jan Dil , Ahmad Maaz , Gu Xiao
Published: May 2024

The urgency to address climate change becomes increasingly evident as we observe a rise in devastating natural disasters and significant changes in global temperatures. This comprehensive study critically assesses the adherence to climate targets set at COP26 and COP27, employing a dual approach encompassing theoretical and empirical aspects—basic and additional analysis. According to theoretical findings, China, Brazil, and South Africa are still experiencing an increase in climate change indicators despite their collective efforts. Notably, Brazil has shown limited progress in green financing initiatives. Moving to an empirical analysis covering 1995–2021, the study employs advanced econometric techniques, including panel ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS, CS-ARDL, and Grey forecasting models (GM (1,1) and DGM (1,1)). The past data on energy production using both renewable and non-renewable sources spanning from 2010 to 2021 to forecast energy production for the next 8 years, extending up to 2029. Results indicate that green financing, renewable energy consumption, natural resource rents, and government effectiveness significantly reduce GHG emissions. Conversely, economic growth, including its cubic form, exacerbates GHG emission trends. Moreover, the study validates the environmental N-shaped hypothesis in the examined countries, providing a complete understanding of climate change's intricate and multifaceted impacts. The grey forecasting model shows that Brazil, Russia, and South Africa are actively endeavoring to curb greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning toward renewable energy sources for energy production. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions in green financing and sustainable practices to effectively address and mitigate climate change.
A new multi-input multi-output control design method for a large-scale web transport system
Authors: Tran Thanh T , Nguyen Vi H
Published: May 2024

The paper introduces an innovative multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control design approach tailored for the complex dynamics of large-scale web transport systems in printed electronics manufacturing technology. First, a novel hybrid control design is proposed to a MIMO strict-feedback nonlinear dynamic system, in which a modified tracking error is introduced in term of a sliding surface for design purpose. Then, a combined use of Lyapunov-based control design and sliding mode control is employed to formulate a novel control law, called Backstepping Sliding Mode Control (BSMC) and a BSMC based control structure is provided. Second, application of this control strategy is implemented to control web tension and velocity of a three-span web transport system. In this study, a series of assumptions are provided to transform an original system dynamics of web transport system into a standard strict-feedback form. Then, the proposed theory is applied for the achieved system, a BSMC for the system is synthesized for simulation study. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted under different operating conditions to validate the effectiveness, reliability, and robustness of the proposed control method.
Critical care nurses’ experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care
Authors: Palmryd Lena , Rejnö Åsa , Alvariza Anette , Godskesen Tove
Published: May 2024

Background

In Swedish intensive care units, nine percent of patients do not survive despite receiving advanced life-sustaining treatments. As these patients transition to end-of-life care, ethical considerations may become paramount.

Aim

To explore the ethical challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for patients at the end of life in an intensive care context.

Research design

The study used a qualitative approach with an interpretive descriptive design.

Research context and participants

Twenty critical care nurses from eight intensive care units in an urban region in Sweden were interviewed, predominately women with a median age of fifty-one years.

Ethical considerations

This study was approved by The Swedish Ethics Review Authority.

Findings

Critical care nurses described encountering ethical challenges when life-sustaining treatments persisted to patients with minimal survival prospects and when administering pain-relieving medications that could inadvertently hasten patients’ deaths. Challenges also arose when patients expressed a desire to withdraw life-sustaining treatments despite the possibility of recovery, or when family members wanted to shield patients from information about a poor prognosis; these wishes occasionally conflicted with healthcare guidelines. The critical care nurses also encountered ethical challenges when caring for potential organ donors, highlighting the balance between organ preservation and maintaining patient dignity.

Conclusion

Critical care nurses encountered ethical challenges when caring for patients at the end of life. They described issues ranging from life-sustaining treatments and administration of pain-relief, to patient preferences and organ donation considerations. Addressing these ethical challenges is essential for delivering compassionate person-centered care, and supporting family members during end-of-life care in an intensive care context.
Potential Impact of Withdrawal of Generalized System of Preferences for India by European Union
Authors: Kumar Kannan , Krishnan Amal , Gopalakrishnan Badri Narayanan
Published: May 2024

Trade between India and Europe has been growing at strong pace for the last two decades. India’s goods exports to Europe have increased from USD 12.3 Bn in 2002 to USD 68.9 Bn in 2002. During the same time period India’s export products eligible for Europe Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) has also risen in absolute terms from USD 5.8 Bn in 2002 to USD 19.7 Bn in 2022. While the absolute value of GSP covered products has increased, the percentage coverage of India’s export products eligible for Europe GSP has fallen from 47% in 2002 to just 29% in 2022. Since, the end of 2022, India is graduating out of many sectors covered under the GSP regime. While, this is a major concern for policymakers, and exporters in general, the potential impact has not been quantified. This article quantifies this impact applying CGE modelling through GTAP. The results show that, while India’s overall exports are affected only to a minimum extent by the removal of GSP, it is mainly due to the growth in non-GSP sectors and services exports. However, the negative shock on some labour-intensive sectors will have an impact on the country’s overall GDP.
Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in Olympic legacy-shaping processes
Authors: Valiyeva Dilara , Strittmatter Anna-Maria , Hermanrud Inge
Published: May 2024

Scholars emphasise the need to understand how contested concepts, like social inclusion and legacy, are interpreted within specific contexts. However, there are a lack of critical studies on social legacies of sports mega-events. This study aims to analyse how social inclusion of marginalised groups is constructed in the legacy-shaping process of and bidding for the Olympic Games. Three cases were chosen in which the inclusion of Indigenous Peoples was stated as one of the goals of the bidding and organising committees: Sydney 2000, Vancouver 2010 and Tromsø 2014, 2018 bids. Translation theory and critical discourse analysis were used to understand how inclusion and legacy efforts are taken into action. The cases spread across space, time and bidding stage did not provide unique approaches to the formulations of legacies and inclusion. Despite the highlighted celebration of culture and diversity of communities in the documents, we interpret the inclusion discourse as a symbolic appreciation of Indigenous Peoples with attempts to address and solve the challenges connected to social exclusion. However, these attempts are characterised by postcolonial and assimilation thinking. A broader commitment is needed to create lasting social change through long-term initiatives created with and led by Indigenous Peoples.
Violence Against Children: The Dynamics of Changes in the Relationship of Parents and Children in the Learning Situation During Quarantine and in War Conditions
Authors: Oros Oleksandra , Afanasiev Dmytro
Published: May 2024

This article is dedicated to find out the impact of social changes and their crisis manifestations on the dynamics of family relations, which is manifested in situations of child-parent interaction in the learning process, as well as to analyze the impact of social changes on manifestations of violence against children. A comparative analysis of joint learning situations in junior grades during the COVID-19 pandemic and under martial law was carried out. The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in parents’ assessment of the learning process and results, the behavior of parents and children in the learning situation. An important task of the research is to identify the dynamics of changes in the risks of violence and the level of violence against children by parents in the joint learning situation. These social changes affect family dynamics and manifestations of parental violence against children.
Imatinib-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ma Zengqing , Zhao Jianguo , Li Susu , Gao Fuping , Zhang Chuanyang , Wu Lianping , Lin Yu
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first-line therapy for patients with KIT mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia and abdominal pain are common gastrointestinal adverse reactions of imatinib, but imatinib-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) is rarely reported.

Case report

We presented a case of UC induced by imatinib in a 56-year-old male patient who experienced this adverse event after 5 years of imatinib 400 mg/d treatment following GIST resection.

Management and outcome

The patient's diarrhea and bloody stools showed significant improvement following the discontinuation of imatinib therapy and administration of antidiarrheal medications. Then, imatinib was restarted at a daily dosage of 400 mg.

Discussion

UC is a rare adverse event associated with imatinib. Physicians should consider the possibility of UC induced by imatinib when patients present with diarrhea and bloody stool after receiving imatinib treatment. This case offered objective evidence of UC induced by imatinib.
Revelations about the seeds we planted: huikau, kū̒ē, and the Lāhui
Authors: Kawano (Kanaka ̒Ōiwi) Kourtney
Published: May 2024

Although emerging research on families of color explores internalized oppression and resistance, there is a gap in the literature on these phenomena’s incidence among Kanaka ̒Ōiwi (Native Hawaiian) ̒ohana (families) and the Lāhui (Hawaiian people, nation). Furthermore, scholars have yet to contextualize internalized oppression and resistance as huikau (confusion) and kū̒ē (to oppose, protest, resist), respectively. This conceptual article thus addresses this research gap while interweaving metaphors from Black feminist and Indigenous literature. This article provides a historical analysis of how internalized oppression and huikau came to afflict Kanaka ̒Ōiwi (Native Hawaiians) and conceptualizes the potentiality for kū̒ē at the ̒ohana dimension to generate a widespread disruption of huikau in communities and the Lāhui for collective social change. This conceptualization is offered as a culturally responsive intervention for educators, social workers, and health practitioners who engage with Kanaka ̒Ōiwi ̒ohana.
Can multi-stakeholder platforms and dialogues facilitate the meaningful and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples in managing natural resource conflicts?
Authors: Maharjan (Newar) Shree Kumar , Ratner Blake , Razafimbelo Antsa
Published: May 2024

Indigenous Peoples have important roles and contributions in the systematic and sustainable management of natural resources; however, their full and effective participation in the related processes, mechanisms including related multi-stakeholder platforms, and dialogues (MSPDs) are not always ensured at the national and global levels. This article focuses on the review and analysis of the published and online papers, reports on Indigenous Peoples, and their contributions and conflicts related to natural resources, especially concerning power, politics, and policies with specific examples in the Asian context. The interest-based “power sharing” and “power with governance” model is appropriate for the effective engagement of Indigenous Peoples in multi-stakeholder dialogue on natural resources.
Collecting streaming services
Authors: Aegidius Andreas Lenander , Andersen Mads Møller Tommerup
Published: May 2024

In the streaming era, the very thing that defines it is what threatens to impede access to important media history and cultural heritage. Streaming’s barriers to entry and its interim content catalogs challenge the actual collection and preservation of it for research and teaching purposes. If researchers and libraries do not work together to document and preserve these, we will keep losing important sources and data. From a collection perspective, we argue that streaming services consist of their catalog, metadata, and graphical user interfaces. First, we map the large-scale legal deposit collection of streaming at a national library as well as a media researcher’s small-scale targeted collection. Second, we compare the resulting collections of web sites and graphical user interfaces in order to discuss methodological challenges. The findings of this comparative analysis indicate the existing deficiencies in both collections and suggest potential improvements in the collection and preservation of streaming services.
Affordance, digital media literacy, and emotions in virtual cultural heritage tourism experiences
Authors: Lee Jiho , Jung Timothy , tom Dieck M Claudia , García-Milon Alba , Kim Chang-Sik
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of both the affordance of virtual reality (VR) technology and users’ digital media literacy on users’ emotions, which leads to recommendations to use VR experiences in cultural heritage tourism. A survey was conducted at a realistic VR studio in Gyeongju World Culture Expo Park, South Korea using high-quality and sophisticated VR content that accurately reflects users’ physical movements in real-time rendering. A total of 157 visitors participated in the study, and the measurement model and structural model were analysed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that the cognitive, physical, sensory, and functional affordance of VR devices, as well as user digital media literacy, had a significant effect on the visitors’ positive emotional experiences. In addition, visitors’ positive emotions had a significant effect on the recommendation intention. This empirical result shows that digital media literacy is a new major variable that affects the virtual experience of cultural heritage sites.
Evolution of microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of dissimilar Al and Mg joints with Cu interlayer fabricated by friction stir welding
Authors: Liu Yongyong , Wang Ziqian , Jiang Xiaoqing , Yuan Tao
Published: May 2024

The formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) poses a challenge to Al/Mg dissimilar alloys FSW. The results of the implemented systematic Cu interlayer experiments show that the diffusion forms of elements in the weld nugget zone (WNZ) and banded structure zone (BSZ) varied at different rotation speeds and Cu interlayer thicknesses. Adding Cu interlayer led to the evolution of conventional aluminium–magnesium IMCs towards aluminium–copper, magnesium–copper, and aluminium–copper–magnesium IMCs. The tensile properties of the joints reached the maximum at lower rotation speeds and thinner interlayer thicknesses, respectively, which was attributable to the generation of Al2Cu and Al2CuMg with the best compressive and shear resistance, respectively. Simultaneously, the dispersion distribution of Cu elements and phase transition weakened the stress gradient of BSZ.
Value-driven attitude surveys: Lessons from the refugee crisis in Greece
Authors: Qadir S. , Feruni J. , Mastora A. , Karampoutakis G. , Tveit M. , Nikopoulos S. , Anitsi E. , Cleary S. D. , Dyer A. R. , Candilis P. J.
Published: May 2024

Community reaction to refugees and asylum-seekers is often gauged by attitude surveys that are not designed to overcome built-in bias. Questionnaires that do not account for context and background consequently yield results that misrepresent community attitudes and offer predictably negative responses to immigrant groups. Such surveys can alter public perception, fuel anti-refugee sentiment, and affect policy simply because of how they are constructed. This model survey among humanitarian aid-workers from nine Greek non-governmental organizations uses specific techniques designed to overcome these challenges by applying sample familiarity, non-inflammatory hypothesis-testing, educational question stems, intentional ordering of questions, and direct questioning rather than surrogate measures like statistical approximation. Respondents working in the refugee crisis in Greece demonstrate how empathy, education, and exposure to refugees serve to overcome the harmful stereotypes of outsiders as contributors to crime, terror, and social burden.
Social connections and ethical entrapments: On doing anthropology of and through the border regime
Authors: Castellano Viola
Published: May 2024

The article aims to conceptualize the relational dimension of the border regime and its function in reinforcing and reproducing global inequalities. It does so by analyzing the social connections that shaped my fieldwork on The Gambia's “backway,” the illegalized trip to Europe. In particular, the article focuses on what I define as moments of ethical entrapment that my main Gambian interlocutor and I faced while interacting with people in Serekunda. In interrogating those entrapments as simultaneously provoked by and exposing the border regime, the analysis highlights how borderwork and the potentiality of border violence constantly haunt social connections at/in/across borders. At the same time, the article looks at the emergence of such entrapments as a product of the shifting and ambiguous positionalities subjects hold in the different nodes of borders’ temporally and spatially scattered assemblages. I argue that the analysis of such social connections and ethical entrapments discloses the implications of doing anthropology of the border regime through the border regime itself. On the one hand, borders’ capacity to act on and through subjects—even beyond their conscious will—reinforce the principle of dissimilarity on which they rely and reproduce. On the other hand, the ethical entrapments emerging from the connections that the border regime creates between people illuminate its socially productive, counterintuitive, and fragmented dimensions, potentially opening space for what Povinelli defined as the otherwise.
The space between us: Developing an ethics of care in duoethnography
Authors: Hunting Amabel , Hammond Kay
Published: May 2024

Duoethnography involves engaging in a personal critical dialogue between two people about a shared experience for the purpose of personal and social transformation. Research involving people usually requires prior formal ethical approval; however, in duoethnography where the researchers are also the participants, many have chosen not to do so due to the situated and ongoing nature of the ethical relationship. Instead, they report generally on the ethical principles enacted in their method. Embarking on our first duoethnography, we experienced conflicting perspectives between applying for formal ethical approval to guide us and autonomously negotiating our own ethics of care. By sharing our divergent experiences of obtaining formal ethical approval, we offer our stories as a springboard for provocations and guidance on the unique ethical considerations for future duoethnographers. Ethical principles include understanding the relationship dynamics, commitment to the project, vulnerabilities, consent and confidentiality, and working with differences.
Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines
Authors: Ziobro Julie , Pilon Betsy , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Benedetti Giulia M. , Massey Shavonne L. , Yozawitz Elissa , Numis Adam L. , Pressler Ronit , Shellhaas Renée A.
Published: May 2024

Neonates are susceptible to seizures due to their unique physiology and combination of risks associated with gestation, delivery, and the immediate postnatal period. Advances in neonatal care have improved outcomes for some of our most fragile patients, but there are persistent challenges for epileptologists in identifying neonatal seizures, diagnosing etiologies, and providing the most appropriate care, with an ultimate goal to maximize patient outcomes. In just the last few years, there have been critical advances in the state of the science, as well as new evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, classification, and treatment of neonatal seizures. This review will provide updated knowledge about the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures, classification of the provoked seizures and neonatal epilepsies, state of the art guidance on EEG monitoring in the neonatal ICU, current treatment guidelines for neonatal seizures, and potential for future advancement in treatment.