bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors influence on bone turnover markers in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Timkina N. V. , Simanenkova A. V. , Karonova T. L. , Vlasov T. D. , Semenova N. Yu. , Bairamov А. A. , Timofeeva V. A. , Shimshilashvili A. A. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: April 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is accompanied by increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Data on type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in fracture risk are contradictory. A simultaneous comparison of high- and low-selective SGLT-2i effects on bone turnover parameters with the effects of other drug classes has not been performed previously.

Aim: To evaluate and to compare the influence of empagliflozin (EMPA), canagliflozin (CANA) and sitagliptin (SITA) on bone remodeling parameters in type 2 diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Type 2 DM was modelled in male Wistar rats by high-fat diet and strepTozotocin+nicotinamide injection. Four weeks after the following groups were formed: “DM” without treatment, as well as 8-week treatment with SITA 50 mg/kg (“DM+SITA”), CANA 25 mg/kg (“DM+CANA”), EMPA 2 mg/kg (“DM+EMPA”). Animals in “Control” group were not subjected to any interventions. Calcium, phosphorus, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL concentrations were measured in the blood sampled at the end of the treatment, as well as bone histoarchitectonics was evaluated.

Results: Calcium concentration was higher in “DM+EMPA” group (2.79 (2.69; 2.83 mmol/L) comparing with “Control” (2.65 (2.53; 3.15)), phosphorus level in “DM+EMPA” was higher than in all other groups. FGF23 was decreased in “DM” group (0.24 (0.11; 0.31) pmol/L), while EMPA treatment was associated with higher FGF23 level (1.1 (0.62; 1.1). OC was lower in “DM” (10.69 (9.97; 11.03) ng/mL) than in “Control” group (49.1 (47.98; 54.57), treatment with SITA and EMPA was associated with increase in OC level (19.57 (18.85; 24.44) и 16.00 (15.72; 17.00), respectively), with OC concentration being higher in “DM+SITA” group. There were no differences in OPG and RANKL levels between “DM” and “Control” groups, whereas OPG was lower in “DM+CANA” (1.85 (1.19; 1.90) pmol/L) and “DM+EMPA” (1.26 (0.76; 1.88) than in “DM+SITA” (6.28 (3.05; 3.99). RANKL/OPG ratio was the highest in “DM+EMPA” and “DM+CANA” groups, with no significant between-group difference. In «DM+EMPA» and «DM+CANA» groups there was a decrease in the area of bone trabeculae in the epiphyseal part (56.70 (53.80; 58.05)% и 52.30 (50.50; 54.85)%) in comparison with “Control” group (62.30 (61.30; 64.20)%). All study drugs administration led to similarly satisfactory glycemic control.

Conclusion: SITA influence on bone remodeling is neutral, while EMPA and CANA administration leads to increase of bone resorption. Drugs’ influence on bone metabolism is not due to their effect on glycemic profile
Los Manuales Escolares en el Preescolar
Authors: Forero Leonardo Cárdenas
Published: April 2022

Situado en el método arqueo-genealógico y en la perspectiva de la gubernamentalidad foucaultiana, este artículo de reflexión cualitativa busca determinar cómo los Manuales Escolares en el Preescolar (MANESP) se constituyen en un espacio de enunciación del modo en que operan el poder, el saber escolar y la subjetividad en la educación preescolar. Con este ejercicio investigativo, se procura enriquecer el campo relacionado con la historia de los MANESP, un territorio que se viene consolidando como escenario de exploración investigativa, educativa y pedagógica. Para ello, se excavan en los textos de la educación preescolar lo decible (escenarios, sujetos y saberes) y lo visible (hechos, personajes e instituciones), que dan cuenta de las condiciones de existencia de los MANESP y de la forma cómo estas discursividades se establecen para orientar el funcionamiento del saber escolar, el poder y la formación subjetiva infantil.
Reflexión sobre los contextos de participación en el municipio de Girardota: retos para la educación inicial
Authors: Serna Córdoba Andri Yulieth , Alzate Alzate Natalia Andrea , Martinez de Merino Carmen Yisabel
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la incidencia de los contextos de participación del municipio de Girardota, Colombia, en el marco de la formación ciudadana en educación inicial, para lo cual se realizó un acercamiento reflexivo a teorías y autores que ilustran el tema. Entre las conclusiones principales encontramos los desafíos que el municipio de Girardota debe asumir en cuanto a formación ciudadana, reconociendo en los niños la capacidad para hacer propio su entorno, evidenciando a su vez que la formación ciudadana implica una mayor apropiación y reconocimiento del contexto, la cual debe ser otorgada a los niños desde su primer ciclo de educación.
Review Kebijakan Penggunaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Perkotaan antara Jakarta dengan New York pada Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Setiowati Retno , Koestoer Raldi Hendro
Published: April 2022

Separuh penduduk tinggal di perkotaan dan menjadi penyebab permasalahan lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah alih fungsi lahan hijau menjadi lahan terbangun. Ruang terbuka hijau memiliki fungsi ekologis, ekonomis, dan sosial yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan perkotaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji kebijakan penggunaan ruang terbuka hijau perkotaan pada pandemi COVID-19 menggunakan metode studi komparasi. Lokasi studi dipilih di Jakarta, Indonesia dan New York, Amerika Serikat karena kedua kota tersebut memiliki jumlah penduduk yang padat dan menjadi pelopor pertama penyebaran COVID-19 di masing-masing Negara.  Responden di New York masih menggunakan ruang hijau perkotaan selama pandemi dan menganggapnya lebih penting untuk kesehatan mental dan fisik daripada sebelum pandemi dimulai. Terdapat kekhawatiran para pengunjung ruang hijau perkotaan di New York terkait jarak sosial, aksesibilitas, dan keamanan. Terjadi perubahan perilaku selama pandemi di Jakarta terhadap ruang hijau perkotaan seperti meningkatnya aktivitas pejalan kaki di sepanjang koridor hijau yang menjadi pendorong kebijakan publik dalam menanggapi perilaku dan kebutuhan baru yang muncul dari pandemi. Berdasarkan bukti empiris, perubahan perilaku di Indonesia diduga disebabkan oleh kebutuhan masyarakat untuk berekreasi dan relaksasi terhadap alam untuk mengurangi dampak psikologis yang disebabkan pembatasan sosial. Kebijakan pembukaan ruang terbuka hijau saat pandemi di Jakarta dapat dipertimbangkan dengan mengutamakan protokol kesehatan.
Urban Tourism Concepts in the Design of Kampung Tua in Batam
Authors: Sari Yusra Aulia , Pamadi Mulia
Published: April 2022

Batam City’s government has focused on exploring its tourism potential in recent years. This makes Batam the 3rd largest city in the number of tourist arrivals after Bali and Jakarta. Batam is one of the cities that is trying to develop the potential of an old village. There are at least 37 areas that have been agreed upon by the government and the community as Kampung Tua. Kampung Tua is a group of houses that function as neighborhoods the original inhabitants of Batam City when Batam began to be built, containing historical values, local culture, or religion that were preserved. This research aims to determine the design of the concept of urban tourism in Kampung Tua Tanjungriau. The method used in this research is the qualitative approach. Data collection was performed with observation, documentation, literature study, and data from local government. The result of this research is the design of urban tourism in Kampung Tua Tanjungriau such as physical and non-physical components of the Kampung Tua Tanjungriau area which has an interesting collaborative design between urban design and urban tourism.
Konsep Penyediaan Sarana Perumahan Skala Kecil Berdasarkan Prinsip-Prinsip Perencanaan Neighborhood Unit dan Walkability
Authors: Pusporini Nuryantiningsih , Setijanti Purwanita , Cahyadini Sarah
Published: April 2022

Saat ini pemerintah mengijinkan adanya pembangunan perumahan dengan skala kecil, namun pada umumnya perumahan dengan kawasan kecil ini cenderung tidak dilengkapi dengan sarana yang cukup, tentunya dengan alasan keterbatasan lahan. Permasalahan tersebut juga muncul di Kota Malang yang mayoritas pembangunan perumahan didominasi oleh pembangunan perumahan skala kecil. Penelitian ini akan difokuskan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan minimal sarana perumahan berdasarkan preferensi penghuni, serta menyusun konsep penyediaan sarana perumahan yang sesuai dengan luas kawasan perumahan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip perencanaan neighborhood unit dan walkability. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivisme dengan pendekatan gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif agar dapat menguraikan dan mengukur hasil preferensi secara obyektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis sarana perumahan yang diprioritaskan oleh penghuni untuk berada di dalam kawasan perumahan adalah: sarana peribadatan, pos keamanan, RTH dan toko/warung. Jarak jangkauan berjalan kaki yang disenangi berada dalam radius seratus meter, terutama untuk menuju tempat ibadah, taman atau toko kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sarana prioritas dan radius berjalan kaki tersebut dapat menentukan konsep luas minimal kawasan perumahan skala kecil. Berdasarkan luas kawasan, menurut teori pembangunan perumahan, perumahan skala kecil tidak dapat disebut sebagai sebuah neighborhood unit, namun aglomerasi dari beberapa perumahan skala kecil dengan permukiman masyarakat di sekitarnya membentuk satu neighborhood unit yang dapat menggunakan sarana perumahan secara bersama.
Pemetaan Perubahan Lahan Sawah Kabupaten Sukabumi Menggunakan Google Earth Engine
Authors: Siska Widia , Widiatmaka Widiatmaka , Setiawan Yudi , Adi Setyono Hari
Published: April 2022

Google Earth Engine (GEE) merupakan layanan pemrosesan geospasial yang telah banyak digunakan di berbagai bidang pemetaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  identifikasi perubahan lahan sawah Kabupaten Sukabumi menggunakan GEE. Data citra landsat 5 dan landsat 8 yang digunakan di GEE merupakan data citra yang telah di pre-process dan terkoreksi. Klasifikasi penggunaan/tutupan lahan dibedakan menjadi 6 kelas yaitu sawah, badan air, pemukiman, bervegetasi, hutan dan tanah terbuka. Sampel acak penggunaan lahan dibuat sebanyak 394 titik di GEE menggunakan poin dan rectangular. Klasifikasi penggunaan lahan dianilisis menggunakan metode Random Forest (RF). Penilaian akurasi dihitung menggunakan confusion Matrix, sedangkan validasi lapang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stratified random sampling.  Uji akurasi analisis tutupan lahan tahun 2020 dengan confusion Matrix menghasilkan nilai Overall Accuracy (OA) 0,94 dan nilai kappa  0,91; tahun 2015 dengan nilai OA 0,93 dan nilai Kappa 0,91; sedangkan tahun 2010 memiliki nilai OA 0.96 dan nilai Kappa 0.94. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan sawah Kabupaten Sukabumi mengalami penyusutan seluas 10,317.27  ha dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun (2010-2020). Klasifikasi penggunaan lahan menggunakan GEE dapat menghasilkan peta dengan akurasi tinggi dengan OA >85%, serta dapat mempersingkat waktu analisis.
Residential-Based Discrimination in the Labor Market
Authors: Mikula Štěpán , Reggiani Tommaso
Published: April 2022

Through a correspondence study, this paper investigates whether employers discriminate job applicants based on their living conditions. Exploiting the natural setting provided by a Rapid Re-housing Program, we sent 1347 job applications for low-qualified front-desk jobs in Brno, Czech Republic. The resumes exogenously differed in only one main aspect represented by the address of the applicants, signaling both the quality of the neighborhood and the quality of the housing conditions in which they were living. We found that while the higher quality of the district has a strong effect in increasing the hiring chances (+20%) the actual improvement of the living conditions standards, per se, does not generate any significant positive effect.
Scalar and vector tomography for the weighted transport equation with application to helioseismology
Authors: Thompson Nathan L. , Bukhgeim Alexander L.
Published: April 2022

Motivated by the application to helioseismology, we demonstrate uniqueness and stability for a class of inverse problems of the weighted transport equation.
Using 𝐴-analytic functions, this inverse problem is expressed as a Cauchy problem.
In this form, we show that, for a finite even trigonometric polynomial weight function, the resulting system is well-conditioned numerically and permits a Carleman-like estimate with boundary terms.
Education and employment in America: my quest for self-actualization as a person with hearing loss
Authors: Eleweke C. Jonah
Published: April 2022

Evidence indicates that some Africans, with or without special needs or disabilities highly target attending U.S. colleges and universities for further education. Typically, most of these people had obtained their bachelor’s degrees in institutions of higher education in their countries. The desire to travel to U.S. for graduate studies could be due to factors such as the absence of desired graduate programs, limited admission opportunities in institutions of higher education, and social, political, and economic instabilities in African countries. For Africans with special needs or disabilities, the lack of support services in tertiary institutions in their countries is a major factor for their strong desire to go the U.S. for higher education. Some Africans educated in U.S. colleges and universities may, on completion of their programs of study, decide to seek suitable employment opportunities in the U.S. From afar, they are still able to make positive contributions to the social, economic, and political developments of their home countries. I am one of those graduates who decided to work in the U.S. In this article, I share my experiences.
Dual-band composite right/left-handed metamaterial lines with dynamically controllable nonreciprocal phase shift proportional to operating frequency
Authors: Kaneda Takumi , Ueda Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

Dual-band composite right/left-handed transmission lines with the nonreciprocal phase shift approximately proportional to the operating frequency are proposed and demonstrated by using normally magnetized ferrite microstrip lines. The nonreciprocal phase shift can be dynamically controlled by changing the externally applied dc magnetic field. Dynamic change in the nonreciprocal phase gradient along the line enables us to realize dual-band and unidirectional beam-scanning leaky-wave antennas without suffering from frequency-dependent change in the beam direction. A prototype nonreciprocal metamaterial line using polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet was fabricated and measured for verification of our basic concept.
Influence of irrigation regime on gas exchange, growth, and oil quality of field grown, Texas (USA) olive trees
Authors: Parks Staci , Montague Thayne
Published: April 2022

Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil production is an emerging industry in Texas (USA). However, limited research has been conducted to determine best irrigation practices for Texas growers. In this study, established “Arbequina” olive trees from three south Texas orchard locations were used to investigate effects of irrigation volume on olive tree gas exchange, growth, and oil quality. Twelve-year-old trees were exposed to three irrigation regimes. Over the course of two growing seasons, leaf gas exchange, shoot growth, and oil quality were measured. Data from a single orchard and growing season are presented. Differences in monthly and overall leaf gas exchange data were not found. Based on soil surface area under each tree’s dripline, depth of total water applied to each tree (irrigation plus precipitation) ranged from 1,451 (three-emitter irrigation treatment) to 759 mm (one-emitter irrigation treatment). Trees exposed to the three-emitter irrigation treatment produced the greatest shoot growth. Fruit mass and fruit volume were greatest for trees which had the fewest emitters (lowest irrigation volumes). Oil pressed from each experimental tree rendered extra virgin olive oil. Oil chemical analysis indicates total phenols tended to be greatest from trees receiving the least volume of irrigation. For Texas olive growers, research suggests there are opportunities to reduce irrigation, yet maintain olive oil quality.
The Coronavirus and the Earth’s Thinking: An Anthropological Issue
Authors: Quiroga Tiago
Published: April 2022

The article develops the hypothesis that Covid-19 is one of the most significant results of the Anthropocene era. Indifferent to nature’s veiled, but not inactive conditions, the human era advances over woods and forests, intensifying the increase of emerging infectious diseases, especially those caused by pathogens that generate zoonoses. In addition to health matters, this circumstance implies the urgent revision of the cultural tradition that conceives the energies of nature as availability. Based on these findings, the text criticizes the cultural determination of anthropocentrism, suggesting that the crisis caused by the coronavirus also represents the possibility of new mediations with nature. The thesis defends that, despite the anguish caused by the proximity to death, the pandemic is an opportunity to open our ears anew to listen to the Earth’s thinking.
The Social Background of the Enlightenment in Russia in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Artemyeva Tatiana V.
Published: April 2022

The Age of Enlightenment is identified as an eighteenth-century intellectual and philosophical movement that produced a variety of ideas ranging from the conservative to the radical, and from rational to mystical or even counter-enlightenment. This article discusses the social structure of intellectual elites in different countries during the Enlightenment. It argues that the different systems of ideas that were generated during this period, and the different forms these ideas took, are a result of the different configurations of intellectual elites in each country. It turns to examples from Scotland, France, German lands, and Russia to show the social background of enlightenment ideas.
Zum 100. Geburtstag von Igor’ Cholin: Die Werkauswahl der Edition Aspei (Bochum) zwischen Avantgarde und Konzeptualismus
Authors: Hofmann Tatjana
Published: April 2022

The following article was originally meant to be a review of the German Cholin edition. During my correspondence with the editors the text developed in dependence on my reception process: I started to read Cholin in an intertextual chain of (post-)avant-garde art and life practices that are situated around documentarism. Cholin’s poetics builds upon language experiments of Zaumniki and the absurd writing of Obėriu. Besides, I argue, we can also find some references to the simultaneously emerged, yet contrary avant-gardistic movement of Factography. Cholin’s mediators reinforce this tradition as they set in motion the continuation of the factographic discourse via Moscow Conceptualism and its reception aesthetics in (Western) Germany and in Western Europe. The edition by aspei applies practices of publishing, translating and researching next to artistic ones, thus integrating documenting as well as commenting.
Translationally invariant exact steady flows of gas and fluid
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg
Published: April 2022

New exact 3-D steady translationally invariant (or z-invariant) flows of isentropic gas and ideal incompressible fluid are constructed. New exact solutions for steady magnetohydrodynamics equations are derived. We show that Euler equations for steady z-invariant flows of isentropic gas are equivalent to a coupled system of a partial differential equation of second order for the streamfunction ψ(x, y) which contains an arbitrary differentiable function H(ψ) and a transcendental equation connecting gas density ρ(x, y) with function ψ(x, y) and depending on equation of state p(ρ) = cρ

γ
and on the function H(ψ). We prove that functions ψ(x, y) and ρ(x, y) satisfy a universal nonlinear equation that is independent of equation of state p = p(ρ) and of the function H(ψ).
Similarity solution for one dimensional motion of a magnetized self-gravitating gas with variable density under the absorption of monochromatic radiation
Authors: Sahu Praveen Kumar
Published: April 2022

The impendence of azimuthal or axial magnetism in one-dimensional shock wave prevalence via a gas with monochromatic radiation for cylindrical and spherical geometry is examined. The travelling piston supplies the varying input of energy continuously and conditions of equilibrium flow through the whole field are retained. A regime of ODEs is derived by means of the regime of governing motion’s equations using the similarity process. The distributions of gas-dynamical quantities, obtained by their numerical integration, are discussed through figures. It is observed that the adiabatic index and the impendence of magnetism, as well as gravitation, lessen the shock intensity, however, the initial density variation index has the opposite behaviour on it.
Holistic environmental monitoring in ports as an opportunity to advance sustainable development, marine science, and social inclusiveness
Authors: Ferrario Filippo , Araújo Carlos A. S. , Bélanger Simon , Bourgault Daniel , Carrière Julie , Carrier-Belleau Charlotte , Dreujou Elliot , Johnson Ladd Erik , Juniper S. Kim , Mabit Raphael , McKindsey Christopher W. , Ogston Lindsey , Picard Manon M. M. , Saint-Louis Richard , Saulnier-Talbot Émilie , Shaw Jean-Luc , Templeman Nadine , Therriault Thomas W. , Tremblay Jean-Eric , Archambault Philippe
Published: April 2022

Ports play a central role in our society, but they entail potential environmental risks and stressors that may cause detrimental impacts to both neighboring natural ecosystems and human health. Port managers face multiple challenges to mitigate risks and avoid ecosystem impacts and should recognize that ports are embedded in the wider regional coastal ecosystem. Cumulative impacts of anthropogenic stressors have the potential to further burden the existing suite of natural stressors, particularly where ports are located in embayments and estuaries. Environmental monitoring in ports should thus develop a comprehensive, holistic, multilayered approach integrated in the wider ecosystem that will help managers better achieve sustainable development, a major goal of the United Nations’ 2030 agenda and Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). This practice bridge showcases the experience of the second Canadian Healthy Ocean Network (CHONe2) in Baie des Sept Îles (BSI, Quebec; the fourth largest industrial port in Canada) laying the foundations of holistic environmental monitoring in ports. We describe the partnership model (i.e., engaging scientists, local authorities, an independent organization, and local industries), synthesize the multidisciplinary studies that turned environmental monitoring into a systemic investigation of the biological and physical components of BSI, integrate the developed scientific knowledge into a social–ecological–environmental system, present an innovative near real-time monitoring approach, and discuss implications for management and policy. The CHONe2 experience in BSI aligns with the decade’s road map for sustainable development and provides elements that could be adapted to other commercial ports. By suggesting a set of best practices (e.g., multidisciplinarity, transparency, inclusivity, participatory modeling), we hope to spark new interest in environmental monitoring as a path to conciliate development and sustainability of ports and other high-use marine areas.
Low but not undetectable early postoperative nadir serum cortisol predicts sustained remission in Cushing’s disease
Authors: Stroud Anna , Dhaliwal Pearl , Harvey Richard J , Alvarado Raquel , Jonker Benjamin P , Winder Mark J , Grayson Jessica W , McCormack Ann
Published: April 2022

Objective

Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the first-line treatment for Cushing’s disease. The objectives of the study were to determine remission and recurrence rates after TSS for Cushing’s disease, identify factors that predict these outcomes, and define the threshold for postoperative morning serum cortisol (MSeC) that most accurately predicts sustained remission.

Methods

Records were retrospectively reviewed for consecutive adults undergoing TSS for Cushing’s disease at a tertiary centre (1990–2019). Remission was defined as MSeC <138 nmol/L by 6 weeks postoperatively. Recurrence was defined as elevated 24-h urine free cortisol, lack of suppression after dexamethasone or elevated midnight salivary cortisol.

Results

In this study, 42 patients (age 47 ± 13 years, 83% female) were assessed with 55 ± 56 months of follow-up. Remission occurred after 77% of primary (n = 30) and 42% of revision operations (n = 12). After primary surgery, remission was associated with lower MSeC nadir (26 ± 36 nmol/L vs 347 ± 220 nmol/L, P  < 0.01) and lower adrenocorticotropin nadir (2 ± 3 pmol/L vs 6 ± 3 pmol/L, P = 0.01). Sustained remission 5 years after surgery was predicted by MSeC <92 nmol/L within 2 weeks postoperatively (sensitivity 100% and specificity 100%). After revision surgery, remission was predicted by lower MSeC nadir (70 ± 45 nmol/L vs 408 ± 305 nmol/L, P = 0.03), smaller tumour diameter (3 ± 2 mm vs 15 ± 13 mm, P = 0.05) and absence of cavernous sinus invasion (0% vs 71%, P = 0.03). Recurrence after primary and revision surgery occurred in 17% and 20% of patients respectively.

Conclusions

Lower postoperative MSeC nadir strongly predicted remission after both primary and revision surgery. Following primary surgery, an MSeC <92 nmol/L within 2 weeks predicted sustained remission at 5 years. MSeC nadir was the most important prognostic marker following TSS for Cushing’s disease.
The Jubilee Singers: Free or Enslaved?
Authors: Jones Micaiah
Published: April 2022

This paper intends to inform the reader about the great impact that the Fisk Jubilee Singers had on developing and understanding American music, specifically African American slave songs and culture, during their years of performance and travel. It also seeks to highlight the contradiction of the Fisk singers’ situation during that period of their lives; many of them were recently released from slavery, yet they were obligated to tour as a group for years after their education had ended. This resulted in most of the members altogether forfeiting their diplomas. This paper focuses on the difficulty which the Jubilee singers were subjected to and asks the question of whether or not they had been freed from slavery at all, or whether this attempt at freedom and education really became another form of slavery for the group of young students.
Total Artwork: Wagner's Philosophies on Art and Music in the Ring Cycle
Authors: Peront Soraya
Published: April 2022

Richard Wagner is one of the most renowned composers of the Romantic period, due to his intensely emotional music, captivating operatic plots, and his unique idea to combine visual art, vocal music, and instrumental music in an unprecedented way. His music is acclaimed for being highly progressive for its time; Wagner also held unique philosophical beliefs which formed the foundation for his music. Wagner’s pioneering ideas about art, music, and the way they should be paired together led to the composition of many operas that still have a place in the permanent repertoire today, including Der Ring des Nibelungen, or the Ring cycle. The Ring cycle is the pinnacle of Wagner’s compositional career. Though his previous operas were innovative, it was the Ring into which Wagner poured his most groundbreaking ideas, taking over twenty years to complete it. The cycle consists of four independent operas that contain a continuous storyline and musical themes, all tied together through leitmotifs and equally featuring instrumental music, vocal music, and visual art. Ultimately, Richard Wagner’s philosophies about art and music led to his use of leitmotifs and his support of Gesamtkunstwerk, which influenced his compositional techniques in the Ring cycle.
Imunologiniai atvirų ir laparoskopinių prostatos vėžio operacijų skirtumai
Authors:   , Bosas Paulius
Published: April 2022

Immunological differences between open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomies
The groundwater isotope-geochemistry anomalies formation features in the Baltic Artesian Basin
Authors:   , Samalavičius Vytautas
Published: April 2022

Baltijos artezinio baseino izotopinių-hidrogeocheminių anomalijų formavimosi dėsningumai
The religion of conscience in the light of initiatic psychoanalysis
Authors: Fonseca Lins Luciano da , Veloso Lins Kátia Goretti , de Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto Carvalho , de Oliveira Diélita Carla Lopes , de Siqueira da Silva Maria Dione Monteiro , dos Santos Allison José , Mazullo Martins Bruna Bastos , do Nascimento Yuri Medeiros , Neto Nery Adamy , da Silva Paulo César , Ribeiro Ribas Valdenilson
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Initiatic Psychoanalysis works with the plans of human spirituality. The philosophical, epistemological, and religious aspects began with the author Luciano da Fonseca Lins, Lacanian Psychoanalyst. Objective:The objective of Initiatic Psychoanalysis is to dismantle the identifications of the Self with the Illusory reality falsely presented as Perception. Perception is nothing more than electrical stimuli transformed in the brain, according to the beliefs of the perceiver. Method: A narrative review was carried out through a search in the electronic indexing databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CAPES journal portal and Google Scholar. The methods used on the interpretive basis of textual construction were the Zen Buddhist Koans, which are puzzles given to be decoded by the no-Mind, the allegorical method of Philo of Alexandria and the desert monks. Such methods, in the context of allegory, are allusive ways of directing the subject to mythical amplifications, legends and fairy tales, in the sense of seeking the Apophatic path, that is, through negative meditation, possibilities to transcend intellectual thought, which he defines to interrupt the Seeker Individual's linear and compulsive thinking. Results: The expected results are to enable the Seeker Individual to abandon their neurotic narratives, which are repetitions of neuronal patterns, to a different way of perceiving, different from linear thinking. Such procedures are presented as a possibility of awakening the Seeker Individual to his self-deceptions, experienced up to the present. Conclusion: Intuition and insights are expected to have modified perceptual value to transform individual existential from existing.
Witnessing as an alternative approach of religious truth. A comment on Rawls’s idea of comprehensive doctrines
Authors: Jonkers Peter
Published: April 2022

The paper offers a critical examination of the term ‘reasonable comprehensive doctrines’, which is a key term in Rawls’s Political Liberalism. It is argued that this term is not accurate anymore to catch the current shape of religious and secular worldviews and the nature of their truth claims, because it focuses too much on the doctrinal character of religious truth, which plays a central role in Christianity but not in many other religions and secular worldviews. However, sociologists of religion and philosopher Charles Taylor have pointed out that a shift in people’s attitude towards religion has been taking place since the last decades of the twentieth century, resulting in a more existential and less doctrinal approach to religious truth. This focus on ‘lived religion’, inspiring the faithful put their lives in the sign of (the truth of) these doctrines, explains why Rawls’s doctrinal approach falls short of expectations in finding a response to the challenge of religious pluralism. Yet, in the conclusion of this paper it is shown that Rawls also values witnessing as an alternative, more existential approach to religious truth, although it plays a rather marginal role in his work.
Effects of gonadectomy on clinical-hematological, metabolic and hormone conditions of cockerels
Authors: Zakharenko М. О. , Cheverda І. М. , Kurbatova І. М.
Published: April 2022

Gonadectomy (caponization) of cockerels is an important way of increasing their productivity, improving the quality and taste properties of the meat, and obtaining dietary products. The objective of the study was the influence of gonadectomy of cockerels on their clinical condition, morphological composition of blood, hemoglobin content and anabolism in the tissues, their productivity and chemical content of the muscles. In the experiment, we used 30 Adler silver cockerels aged 4 weeks, which were divided into two groups: control (intact) and experimental (gonadectomized) according to the analogue principle, with 15 individuals in each. The experiment lasted for 185 days, including the main period of 175 days. We determined that the body temperature of cockerels after gonadectomy increased as early as days one and three. In the blood of gonadectomized cockerels, the number of leukocytes decreased by 36.3%, thrombocytes – by 24.7%, while hemoglobin concentration, numbers of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes did not change compared with the intact individuals. On days 20 and 185 of the experiment, the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma of gonadectomized cockerels was lower respectively by 57.1% and 53.1%, whereas no differences were found prior to gonadectomy and on the third day of the experiment. We determined increase in uric acid concentration and decrease in the level of ionizing calcium in blood plasma of gonadectomized cockerels compared with intact individuals, while the content of cortisol, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, and also activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase did not change. Live weight of gonadectomized cockerels in the period from 45 to 105 days of the raising did not change, and was higher by 10.4–17.0% from day 115 to 145, and further remained not different from the control. Thoracic muscles of gonadectomized cockerels contained 1.8 times more fat, while the levels of moisture, dry matter, protein and ash in thoracic and thigh muscles did not change. The conducted studies have revealed the effect of gonadectomy of roosters on clinical-hematological parameters, metabolic processes, productivity of birds and chemical composition of muscles and may be used to improve the production of chicken meat with high dietary and taste properties.
Effectiveness of food concentrate phenolic compounds of apples in experimental membrane pathologies
Authors: Fylymonenko V. P. , Galuzinska L. V. , Kravchenko G. B. , Kravchenko V. M. , Bryukhanova Т. О. , Мaloshtan L. М. , Lytkin D. V.
Published: April 2022

Apple fruits are an available source of phenolic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing, etc.). The antioxidant properties of food concentrate phenolic compounds of apples (Concentrate) were studied in vitro in models of spontaneous and ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver homogenate, and acute carbon tetrachloromethane hepatitis was chosen as in vivo model in rats. Membrane stabilizing activity was evaluated by the degree of hemolysis in blood samples from the tail vein. The effect of Concentrate on vascular permeability was studied considering the time of animal skin papules staining at the site of injection of phlogogenic substances. Hepatoprotective activity in the model of acute carbon tetrachloride hepatitis was assessed by changes in prooxidant-antioxidant status in liver homogenate and liver enzymes activity in serum. Significant antioxidant effect of Concentrate was fixed in models of spontaneous and ascorbate induced LPO (TBA reactants’ content was 3.12 times and 2.25 times lower than control for spontaneous LPO and ascorbate induced LPO, respectively) and under tetrachloride hepatitis (Concentrate antioxidant activity was 47.8%). The membrane-protective activity of the studied Concentrate was also high and reached 50.1%. Also, Concentrate demonstrated capillary-strengthening properties, reducing the permeability of the vascular wall, which was caused by three different chlorogens, most notably by zymosan (Concentrate significantly delayed the stain utilization from the bloodstream by 2.14 times compared to control). Newly developed concentrate showed complex hepatoprotective activity, improving the indices of antioxidant-prooxidant status and activity of liver cytolysis enzymes in rats with tetrachloromethane hepatitis. The transparent corrective effects of Concentrate are the result of synergism and additivity of its multiple components and indicate the prospects of its further research in order to develop medications for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with membrane damage.
Evaluación de presiones sobre el suelo mediante la metodología Land Accounts en el departamento de Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Rey-Valencia Diana , Patiño-Rincón Diego , Zambrano-Nájera Jeannette
Published: April 2022

El cambio en el uso de la tierra de manera no planificada está causando problemas de erosión, pérdida de productividad y conflictos por el uso de los suelos. Por lo tanto, la pérdida de productividad debido a la degradación del suelo se ha convertido en un problema global importante. En Caldas, el problema es grave debido a la alta susceptibilidad que presenta el suelo a usos indebidos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los cambios que se han producido en las coberturas en el período 2000-2014. Para esto, se propone utilizar la metodología de Cuentas de Tierras desarrollada por la Agencia Europea del Medio Ambiente. Esta metodología permite evaluar las presiones ejercidas sobre el suelo, define los cambios a lo largo del tiempo, mide la velocidad de esos cambios y, de esa manera, predice qué cambios han causado o podrían causar la degradación del suelo y la pérdida de productividad. En Caldas, la formación neta fue de -4,74 y -5,52 km2 en los periodos 2000-2010 y 2010-2014 respectivamente. Según la metodología, las subclases con mayor consumo fueron pastos, bosques y áreas agrícolas heterogéneas en 2000-2010, mientras que en 2010-2014 el consumo de bosques disminuyó considerablemente y los pastos y áreas agrícolas heterogéneas se mantuvieron igual. En conclusión, se ejercen altas presiones sobre los suelos debido a la modificación de las áreas agrícolas y la deforestación.
Factores claves para la adaptación al cambio climático de los caficultores colombianos
Authors: Garavito-Calderon Nidia
Published: April 2022

El cambio climático podría tener un impacto negativo sobre la producción global de café. En Colombia, la variabilidad climática actual impactó negativamente la actividad cafetera en 2010-2011. Así, las medidas de adaptación implementadas por los caficultores serán cruciales para asegurar el futuro de la producción. Este estudio pretende identificar cuáles son los factores que alientan a los caficultores a implementar estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático. El enfoque de vulnerabilidad se utiliza para analizar las perspectivas de adaptación de los productores a la variabilidad climática. La investigación se base en un análisis crítico de información secundaria, proveniente del Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2014. Los principales hallazgos son que factores como el grupo étnico, nivel de educación, alfabetización, asociatividad, acceso al crédito, tamaño de la finca, condiciones de vida y tenencia de la tierra, son elementos decisivos para la implementación de estrategias de adaptación. Así, el análisis desarrollado en este documento podría ser una alternativa para que los hacedores de política diseñen programas o políticas que tengan en cuenta las características de los cultivadores para reducir su vulnerabilidad al cambio climático.
Los microplásticos, una amenaza desconocida para los ecosistemas marinos de Colombia: perspectivas y desafíos a enfrentar
Authors: Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge Alexander , Nisperuza-Pérez Carlos , Yepes-Escobar Juan
Published: April 2022

Los plásticos están presentes en todos los aspectos de la vida cotidiana y su producción masiva alrededor del mundo ha traído consigo un área emergente de investigación: los microplásticos, estas partículas de tamaño diminuto están causando graves efectos en el ambiente marino, a tal punto que hay una creciente preocupación por los posibles efectos sobre la biota, el equilibrio de los ecosistemas marinos y la salud humana. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo brindar una visión más integrada de la contaminación por microplásticos y sus posibles problemáticas asociadas en los ecosistemas marinos y costeros de Colombia. Teniendo en cuenta la información disponible hasta la fecha, se evidencia un aumento progresivo en el estudio de estos contaminantes principalmente en cuanto a su distribución. Sin embargo, existe escaza información del efecto que puede tener sobre la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas marinos de Colombia, por ello se hizo necesario recurrir a bibliografía internacional, en la cual se atribuyen tres problemáticas a los microplásticos: la ingestión por parte de la biota marina, proliferación de microorganismos no deseados y la biomagnificación de sustancias tóxicas, lo cual respalda que estas partículas son una amenaza evidente para los ecosistemas marinos de Colombia. Finalmente, se proponen siete áreas de actuación para el estudio de estas partículas, y algunas estrategias que permitan minimizar su efecto, haciendo énfasis en que la educación pública es una parte crítica para crear cambios a nivel social.
Gentes, territorio y naturaleza: un recorrido por la regulación territorial y ambiental colombiana de 1850 hasta 1970
Authors: Gaviria-Springer Juliana , Hillón Yulieth
Published: April 2022

Este artículo presenta el recorrido normativo más importante que ha tenido la regulación de la naturaleza y sus gentes desde 1850 hasta 1970 en Colombia. Esto con el objeto de visibilizar algunos de los regímenes de representación creados alrededor de “lo otro” y, en ese sentido, los procesos de neoliberalización de las naturalezas existentes en el derecho colombiano. Para poner en evidencia dichas “estructuras hegemónicas” es necesario describir la visión de desarrollo imperante en esos años y cómo esta ha influenciado las regulaciones de la propiedad, la agricultura, los baldíos, lo indígena y el ambiente. Todo este ejercicio permite comprender de mejor forma la normatividad actual y las complejidades en las que se encuentra la relación humano-naturaleza en el país.
Métodos alternativos para superação de dormência em sementes de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Witt
Authors: Dias Cremildo Riba Gouveia , Vinjunju Meclina Sandra Rafael , Serrote Caetano Miguel Lemos , Mussalama Adélio Zeca
Published: April 2022

A produção de mudas de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Witt) é limitada pela dormência das sementes. No presente estudo foram testados diferentes métodos de superação de dormência em sementes de leucena, por meio de um experimento em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por T0- Controle, T1- imersão em água fria por 24 horas, T2- imersão em água fria por 48 horas, T3- imersão em ácido sulfúrico a 95% por 5 minutos, T4- escarificação mecânica, e T5- imersão em água quente a 60 oC por 15 minutos. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico SISVAR e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos por imersão em água à temperatura ambiente por 24 horas ou por 48 horas foram os melhores para a superação de dormência de sementes de leucena.
Palavras-chave: Germinação; escarificação; imersão; leucena.
A temática ambiental e o ensino de física
Authors: Amorim Costa Santos Francineide , Massoni Neusa Teresinha , Rejane da Silva Dantas Claudio , Felipe Rodrigues Rochelande
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho propõe a abordagem da temática ambiental na educação básica a partir de conteúdos da física, utilizando dados provenientes de sensoriamento remoto (SR). Inicialmente, fazemos uma articulação da legislação brasileira sobre educação ambiental com a literatura, em periódicos, referente à pesquisa em ensino de física e sua relação com a educação ambiental. Na sequência, apresentamos algumas situações que poderiam ser abordadas em sala de aula utilizando imagens de satélite. Posteriormente, são abordados alguns princípios físicos do SR, destacando o papel da radiação solar e terrestre e o registro dessa radiação pelos sensores. Apresentamos, então, alguns resultados estimados a partir de dados de SR para Temperatura da superfície (Ts), Radiação terrestre (radiação de onda longa - ROL) e Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) para diferentes localidades. Os resultados demonstram a importância da preservação da vegetação para a manutenção de temperaturas mais amenas. A proposta permite articular aspectos da temática ambiental ao ensino de física, estendendo aspectos do conteúdo científico a fenômenos socioambientais para além da sala de aula, possibilitando relacionar o currículo de física com o contexto local em que vivem os estudantes.
Palavras-chave: Educação ambiental; ensino de física; sensoriamento remoto; temperatura da superfície terrestre; vegetação.
Halal Certification Management Procedure for Cosmetic Products in Indonesia After Government Regulation Number 31 of 2019
Authors: Alam Azhar , Yunie Samhuri Refita
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In ensuring the halalness of a product, the Indonesian government issued Government Regulation no. 31 of 2019, following up on changes to the flow of halal certification as stated in the Halal Product Assurance Law Number 33 of 2014, which the Ministry of Religion manages, Division of the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Body (BPJPH). This study aims to reveal the differences in the management of halal certificates before and after the Halal Product Guarantee Act (UU JPH). In addition, this study also discusses the procedures carried out by LPPOM - MUI and BPJPH in the management of halal certificates for cosmetic products. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with the research object being LPPOM MUI and BPJPH Banten Province. Data were obtained from interviews, literature documents. The study results indicate significant changes that occur with the emergence of the role of BPJH as the central institution authorized in the halal certification process. The management of halal certification for cosmetic products is adjusted to the tariff with categories ranging from large, medium, medium, or home industry businesses.
Keywords: Cosmetics, LPPOM MUI, BPJPH, Halal Certification
 
Abstrak:Dalam menjamin kehalalan suatu produk, maka pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 31 Tahun 2019 menindaklanjuti perubahan alur pembuatan sertifikasi halal sebagaimana tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 yang dikelola oleh Kementrian Agama Divisi Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan perbedaan pengelolaan sertifikat halal sebelum dan sesudah adanya Undang Undang Jaminan Produk Halal (UU JPH). Selain itu penelitian ini juga membahas prosedur yang dilakukan LPPOM – MUI dan BPJPH dalam pengelolaan sertifikat halal pada produk kosmetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan objek penelitian adalah LPPOM MUI dan BPJPH Provinsi Banten. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, dokumen literatur. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan yang signifikan yang terjadi dengan munculnya peran BPJH sebagai lembaga utama yang berwenang dalam proses sertifikasi halal. Pengurusan sertifikasi halal produk kosmetik disesuaikan besaran tarifnya dengan kategori jenis mulai dari besar, menengah, sedang, atau usaha industri rumah tangga.
Kata Kunci : Kosmetik, LPPOM MUI, BPJPH, Sertifikasi Halal.