bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiband valley-locked topological transport based on elastic topological insulator
Authors: LIN Jianhua , BI Rengui , TANG Shiyao , KONG Peng , DENG Ke ,   College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University, Xiangxi 416000, China,   Schoole of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Published: February 2025

Since the topological insulator concept was expanded from the field of quantum waves to the field of elastic waves, the research related to the elastic system valley Hall insulator has been developed rapidly because of its novel physical properties, rich designability for wave modulation and simple implementation conditions. To address the limitations of small energy and inflexible structure of the edge-state transmission of valley Hall insulators in traditional structure, a topological waveguide heterostructure is designed based on the valley locking principle. The original configuration of this structure features a honeycomb lattice connected by rectangular veins. The energy band structure and transmission characteristics of the model are calculated using the equivalent structural parameter method. It is found that there are three Dirac points at the corner point K of the Brillouin zone, and the spatial inversion symmetry of the system can be broken by changing the structural parameters, so as to realize the topological phase transition of the out-of-plane body elastic mode in three frequency bands. The topological heterogeneous structure is formed by superimposing Dirac point phonon crystals between two topological insulators, and the topological waveguide state possesses advantages, such as multiband, tunability, and robustness. The structure can be used to design energy splitters and energy convergers to achieve flexible manipulation of elastic waves. This study enriches topological acoustics, and the designed multi-band elastic topological insulator has potential applications in multi-band communication and information processing.
Construction of a user-friendly software-defined networking management using a graph-based abstraction layer
Authors: Jia Yufeng , Ren Jiadong , Li Xianshan , He Haitao , Zhang Pengwei , Li Rong
Published: February 2025

The software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm relies on the decoupling of the control plane and data plane. Northbound interfaces enable the implementation of network services through logical centralised control. Suitable northbound interfaces and application-oriented abstractions are the core of the SDN ecosystem. This article presents an architecture to represent the network as a graph. The purpose of this architecture is to implement an abstraction of the SDN controller at the application plane. We abstract all network elements using a graph model, with the attributes of the elements as the attributes of the graph. This virtualized logical abstraction layer, which is not limited by the physical network, enables network administrators to schedule network resources directly in a global view. The feasibility of the presented graph abstraction was verified through experiments in topological display, dynamic route, access control, and data persistence. The performance of the shortest path in the graph-based abstraction layer and graph database proves the necessity of the graph abstraction layer. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the graph-based abstraction layer can facilitate network slicing, maintain a dependable depiction of the real network, streamline network administration and network application development, and provide a sophisticated abstraction that is easily understandable to network administrators.
Geysers are geothermal springs that can be used to set your watch
Authors: Belousov Vladimir
Published: February 2025

The article describes a rare natural hydrogeological and geothermal phenomenon - a geyser. Information is provided on the distribution of geysers on Earth and on the dynamics of their activity. Particular attention is paid to the recurrence (cyclicity) of geyser eruptions. A unique 80-year series of observations of their activity in the Valley of Geysers in Kamchatka, obtained by different authors using both traditional visual observations and automated systems records, is considered.
Sevan Hydrobiological Station: 100 years of discoveries and achievements
Authors: Stepanyan Oleg
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the 100-th anniversary of the Sevan Lake Station, later Sevan Hydrobiological Station of the Institute of Hydroecology and Ichthyology of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia and later of the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. The focus of the research is on the largest lake in the Republic of Armenia and Transcaucasia as a whole -Lake Sevan and its ecosystem. The authors analyze the causes of the environmental problems of Lake Sevan, modern difficulties, overcoming negative consequences. They show the development and continuity of scientific research and the contribution of outstanding scientists to the study of Lake Sevan. Examples of Russian-Armenian scientific cooperation in the modern period are given. The contribution of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the study of Lake Sevan at the present time is shown.
Badyarikha Homotherium cub: questions and answers
Authors: Lopatin Alexey
Published: February 2025

The interview tells about the study of the Badyarikha mummy of a Homotherium latidens cub from Yakutia described by Russian scientists in November 2024, as well as various aspects of the investigations of saber-toothed cats (Machairodontinae) and other Pleistocene mammals.
The winners of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry – David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper
Authors: Lebedeva E.N.
Published: February 2025

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 was awarded to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their significant contributions to the development of computational protein design and structure prediction based on amino acid sequence. One of David Baker’s major achievements is the development of new designer proteins using the Rosetta program. The AlphaFold neural network, created by Hassabis and Jumper, allows for highly accurate prediction of the three-dimensional structure of proteins based on their amino acid sequences. The potential of AlphaFold’s artificial intelligence and the possibilities discovered by the Nobel laureates are inexhaustible. AI will accelerate discoveries in the biological and medical sciences and help develop new treatments.
An Important Medieval Middle Low German Law Manuscript Which Ended up on the Banks of the Volga: Was it an Inexplicable Accident?
Authors: Portnykh Valentin
Published: February 2025

Ten years ago, a sensational discovery took place: a German manuscript with an unclear date, which had been preserved since 1975 in the local history museum of the city of Yuryevets, located on the banks of the Volga, one of the regional centers of Ivanovo Oblast, was identified as an important manuscript of Lübeck law, a widely known by historians so-called Bardewik codex written in Middle Low German in 1294. It remained unclear, how could such a unique manuscript from the Archives of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck) end up in such an unexpected place. The only hypothesis explaining the manuscript's arrival in Yuryevets so far has been the assumption that it could have been owned by a possible relative of Vladimir G. Shishlov, who at one time sold some Hanseatic manuscripts (including several pieces from Lübeck) to the Lenin State Library. In fact, it appears that the manuscript emerged in Yuryevets was associated with another person, Vitaliy F. Gruzdev, who is known to have owned some other manuscripts from Hanseatic cities. In fact, he was born in the vicinity of Yuryevets and, living in Leningrad, did not forget his native land and made gifts to the local history museum. Taking into account the geographical proximity to Yuryevets, it can be assumed that a medieval manuscript from Halberstadt, sold to the Russian National Library by an resident of the city of Ivanovo in 1999, passed through the hands of Gruzdev as well
Much Said about «Terminological Muteness» (in the Wake of the Conference «Social Protest and Popular Movements (on the 500th Anniversary of the Peasants’ War in Germany)»)
Authors: Mastyayeva Irina
Published: February 2025

In September 2024, a conference titled «Social Protest and Popular Movements (on the 500th Anniversary of the Peasants’ War in Germany)» was held at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This article aims to summarize the main outcomes of the conference, highlighting the key ideas and themes that were discussed, namely the historiography, the question of the influence of religious factors, and the central theme – the problem of the «terminological muteness» in contemporary studies of social protests
Sarris P. Justinian. Emperor, Soldier, Saint. London: Hachette, 2023. 675 p.
Authors: Nikolsky Ivan
Published: February 2025

This paper offers a review of Peter Sarris’s monograph «Justinian: Emperor, Soldier, Saint». The book, which is the subject of review, is of undoubted interest not only to the scholars, studying early Byzantium, but also to medievalists in general. It is not just a political bibliography. Through the prism of Justinian’s personality the whole medieval world, including the Western Europe, is portrayed. Its origins, including the main political, religious practices, the very model of relations between authorities and society, the researcher discovers precisely in the Justinian era. The review evaluates Sarris’s ideas in the comparison with A. Kaldellis’s ones, who subjected Byzantine history to a much more radical revision
Edition of «A Soldiers’ Chronicle» of the Hundred Years War Curry A., Ambühl R. A Soldiers’ Chronicle of the Hundred Years War. College of Arms Manuscript M 9. Cambridge: D.S. Brever, 2022. 455 p.
Authors: Prazdnikov Andrey
Published: February 2025

The authors and contributors of the peer-reviewed publication are Ann Curry, Emeritus Professor of Medieval History at the University of Southampton, a recognized specialist in the history of the Hundred Years’ War, and Remy Ambühl, a researcher of the wars of the Late Middle Ages from the same university. The Soldier’s Chronicle was written by several authors, the main of whom was the English chronicler William of Worcester. It contains unique information that has not been reflected in other modern sources, including a very large number of names of participants of the war between England and France from 1415 to 1429. The publishers of the chronicle subjected it to external and internal criticism as a historical source, analyzed its language, and reviewed the history of the manuscript from its creation to the present. They provided the chronicle edition with extensive notes
Рождение науки и термина “Материаловедение”
Authors: Dmitriev A. P.
Published: February 2025

Ещё 100 лет назад не было ни этого научного направления, ни даже определяющего его слова - материаловедение. Возникновением этой области знания мы обязаны Павлу Александровичу Флоренскому. Религиозный философ, священник, после революции 1917 года вынужден был, как он записал в дневнике, претерпеть “...нисхождение с высот отвлечённой мысли к низинам практической жизни, технике”. Некоторые подробности этого “нисхождения”, в результате которого получила права гражданства новая отрасль науки, представлены в тексте.
Голубое небо Джона Тиндаля
Authors: Bulyubash Boris
Published: February 2025

“Я только верю в голубую / Недосягаемую твердь, / Всегда единую, простую / И непонятную, как смерть”. “Непонятная и недосягаемая твердь” - таким видел голубое небо в 1894 г. русский поэт и писатель Дмитрий Мережковский. Со стремительным развитием воздухоплавания вопрос досягаемости был снят. Что же касается понимания, то Мережковский просто был не в курсе дела: во второй половине XIX в. усилиями английских физиков Джона Тиндаля и Уильяма Стретта (лорд Рэлей) наука существенно продвинулась в объяснении цвета безоблачного неба.
Gold ore manifestations of the Eastern Donbass
Authors: Parada Sergey
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of studying the features of the geological conditions of occurrence, morphology and mineral composition of potential ore bodies of the Kerchik and Trofimov gold ore occurrences in the Eastern Donbass. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop scientific and methodological foundations for the creation of geological prospecting models of new types of metallic minerals for Eastern Donbass. It has been established that the Trofimov ore occurrence is represented by large-volume zones and deposits of gold-sulfide-veined-interspersed mineralization in sandstone-shale carbonaceous (black shale) strata. The features of localization, placement and material composition of the Trofimov ore occurrence, as well as the features of the geological structure of the Eastern Donbass as a whole, correspond to classical ore regions with a black shale type of mineralization in carbon-terrigenous strata. In accordance with this, the ores of the Trofimov manifestation are assigned to the sedimentary (metamorphogenic)-hydrothermal (black shale) genetic class. The formation of ores of this class is associated with lithogenesis and epigenetic transformations of carboniferous deposits at the pre-orogenic stage of the geological development of the territory. These and other ore occurrences of the North Kondakovskaya Area are most consistent with the Bobrikov geological prospecting model. The Kerchik ore occurrence is represented by epithermal quartz veins and local interlacing veins of gold-silver-polymetallic mineralization. Their origin is associated with the development of central-type volcanic-plutonic apparatuses in the Jurassic period, the origin of which is due to subduction and subsequent sliding of lithospheric plates. The gold-silver-polymetallic ores of the Kerchik type identified in the Eastern Donbass to date represent a late productive stage of ore formation associated with the regeneration and redistribution of pre-orogenic gold-bearing mineralizations of the black shale type at the Jurassic stage of post-orogenic magmatism.
Relief and features of development of the Kamyshevatskaya Spit (according to the SSC RAS expedition in June 2024)
Authors: Matishov Gennady
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of comprehensive studies conducted by the staff of the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Kamyshevatskaya Spit (Krasnodar Region) in June 2024. The drilling data of 8 wells (selected cores) and available space images were analyzed. The ionic composition of surface and groundwater, as well as the nature of coastal currents in the area were studied. Based on the results of drilling cores a characteristic of the structure of the geological section to a depth of more than 20 m is given, identifying various lithological types of deposits. It was established that the accumulative body of the spit, composed of sandy-shell deposits, lies on estuary-lagoon deposits, presumably of early Holocene age, and on marine and alluvial sands of the Late Pleistocene. According to the analysis of space photography, three generations of coastal ridges were identified in the surface relief of the spit, and it was established that about half of its area is occupied by lagoons and estuaries. The studies established that the Sea of Azov in the area of the Kamyshevatskaya Spit is characterized by a drift-gradient current pattern. The resulting movement of water is directed to the southeast. The waters of the sea in this area are characterized by high salinity - more than 15 PSU. At the same time, fluctuations in level and salinity are noticeably less than in the Taganrog Bay. The amplitude of the level was 0.4 m, salinity - 0.15 PSU. The measured level of mineralization of surface and ground waters in the area of the spit was in the range from 2 to 74.7 g/l, while their composition is predominantly sodium chloride. High mineralization is explained by evaporation.
About the reasons for waterlogging of territories in a number of districts of Rostov Region
Authors: Mokhov Alexander
Published: February 2025

The situations of waterlogging of territories in certain areas of the Rostov region are considered. Over the course of many years, the intensity of this process has been increasing within the region and is creating unfavourable conditions for the life of the population. Many parts of the territory are prone to waterlogging due to the geological and hydrogeological structure and terrain features. The ability to combat this process is hampered in many cases by a lack of information about its causes and insufficient monitoring. The factors that can cause its formation in the territories of such large cities as Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk, and Shakhty include water leaks from water-carrying communications, low drainage of groundwater, and ineffective organization of precipitation runoff. In mining areas, the subsidence of the earth’s surface above the mine workings and their flooding, with the backwater of underground waters, is of great importance. In rural areas, problems are caused by poor sewerage systems and the use of large volumes of water for irrigating agricultural crops. The importance of these factors is aggravated by unfavourable conditions for the flow of underground and meteoric waters. Over the last decade, an increased amount of precipitation has made an active contribution. A survey of the Salsk Nizovka microdistrict and the territory of the Zimovniki settlement as well as the monitoring of groundwater levels and their chemical composition showed a chronological and genetic correlation between waterlogging and increased and concentrated precipitation and its decisive significance. In order to reduce waterlogging, it is recommended to take priority measures to improve the flow of meteoric waters, increase the drainage of groundwater, and reduce leaks from water-carrying communications.
Study of the oil-oxidizing potential of the bacterial strain Rhodococcus piridinivorans PDB9T isolated from the waters of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Balykin Pavel
Published: February 2025

In connection with the radical change in the situation with the Sea of Azov (which has become an internal sea of Russia), there is a need to summarize the available data on the fishing areas of the Sea of Azov in order to develop approaches to optimize fishing and measures to restore fish resources. Until 2022, the Sea of Azov was divided into zones of responsibility of Russia and Ukraine (in a ratio of about 2 : 3), and the permanent Ukrainian-Russian Fisheries Commission annually discussed the results of the research work on the assessment of fish stocks and approved the rules of fishing, as well as the possible catch of different fish species. In the past, the neighboring state had an advantage in the field of fishing in the Sea of Azov. Thus, in 2004-2008, on average, Ukraine caught 28.7 thousand tons of fish, and Russia - 17.2 thousand tons. In 2016-2018, the average catch of Ukraine was 16.2 thousand tons, while the Russian catch was 15.3 thousand tons. Due to the uniqueness of the objects and features of fishing in the Sea of Azov in the second half of the twentieth century, four fishing areas were identified, the commercial information on the size and composition of catches of which is given in the work. For example, in the Azov-Don, Azov-Kuban, Azov-Crimean and Azov-Ukrainian districts, in 1986-2008 and 2023, anchovy and sprat dominated everywhere. In the Azov-Ukrainian and Azov-Crimean regions, these species accounted for more than 90% of the catches, while in the Azov-Kuban and Azov-Don regions, more valuable fish (sturgeon, pike perch, bream, roach) were caught in significant quantities. In the Azov-Kuban region, more than half of the catch was mullet. This introduced species was quite a significant quarry in the Azov-Don district as well. The article provides the information about the size and composition of commercial catches. The shown differences between the areas, in all the periods under consideration, necessitate the development of a more modern scheme of commercial zoning of the Sea of Azov.
Legal Framework for Proof of Medical Negligence in Nigeria
Authors: Chibuike Opara, Maxwell
Published: February 2025

Medical negligence remains a critical concern in Nigeria, reflecting the interplay of legal, ethical, and healthcare dynamics. This paper examined the legal framework governing the proof of medical negligence, focusing on key statutes, judicial precedents, and systemic challenges. The 1999 Constitution, the Evidence Act (2011), the National Health Act, and the Medical and Dental Practitioners Act form the core legislative instruments analyzed. Despite these legal provisions, significant barriers such as fragmented statutes, ambiguities in evidentiary standards, high litigation costs, and limited patient awareness hinder effective implementation. The research adopted a doctrinal research methodology, analyzing primary and secondary legal sources to identify gaps and propose reforms. It highlighted the role of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms as a complementary approach to traditional litigation, offering cost-effective and timely solutions to medical negligence disputes. A comparative analysis with international best practices underscores the need for judicial capacity-building, public awareness campaigns, and harmonization of existing laws to enhance consistency and accessibility in the legal process. Key findings reveal that while statutes like the National Health Act and the Medical and Dental Practitioners Act provide a framework for addressing medical negligence, their full potential remains unrealized due to enforcement challenges. The paper recommended integrating ADR mechanisms, aligning statutory provisions, and empowering both the judiciary and the public to foster accountability and justice. Ultimately, this paper contributed to the discourse on healthcare reform, advocating for a robust and cohesive legal framework that ensures patient protection, professional accountability, and trust in Nigeria’s healthcare system.
Some Fixed Point Results for Integral Type Mappings in b-Metric Space
Authors: Preeti  , Poonam
Published: February 2025

This article explores the fixed point results by generalizing the result proved by (Singh 2016) for Lebesgue integrable mapping satisfying b-(E.A.) property in b- metric spaces. In this manuscript, we establish standard fixed point theorem for the following generalized Lebesgue integrable mapping satisfying b-(E.A.) property in b- metric spaces:
$$\int_0^{b^{\varepsilon} d(f x, g y)} \varphi(t) d t \leq \int_0^{M_b(x, y)} \varphi(t) d t \text { for all } x, y \in \dot{X} \mid$$Where,$$M_b(x, y)=\left\{\mathrm{d}(S x, T y), \mathrm{d}(f x, S x), \mathrm{d}(g y, T y), \frac{\mathrm{d}(S x, g y)+\mathrm{d}(f x, T y)}{2 b},\right.$$$$\begin{aligned}& \mathrm{d}(S x, f x)\left[\frac{1+\mathrm{d}(S x, T y)}{1+\mathrm{d}(T y, f y)}\right], \mathrm{d}(T y, g y)\left[\frac{1+\mathrm{d}(S x, T y)}{1+\mathrm{d}(S x, f x)}\right] \text {, } \\& \left.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2(S x, f x)}{1+\mathrm{d}(f x, g y)}, \frac{\mathrm{d}^2(T y, g y)}{1+\mathrm{d}(f x, g y)}\right\} .\end{aligned}$$Some examples and corollaries are provided to support our result.
DUS Trait Evaluation in Urdbean Genotypes: Implications for Breeding through Morphological Markers
Authors: Soni Ayushi , Sharma Stuti
Published: February 2025

Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is most prevalent types out of pluses crops. In this research, comprehensive evaluation of 96 Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes, which included two check varieties, to assess genetic variation across 21 distinct morphological traits. The present investigation was conducted in Randomized complete block design at JNKVV, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh). The observations were taken at various stages of the plant's development. Determine the important morphological traits using PPV&FRA descriptors. These characteristics encompass a broad spectrum, including hypocotyl anthocyanin coloration, timing of flowering, growth and habit of the plant, stem color and pubescence, leaf shape, foliage and vein color, leaf pubescence, petiole color, pod characteristics (including green color intensity in immature pods and pubescence, peduncle length, pod length and color, plant height, and several seed traits (color, shape, luster, and size). Our analysis revealed substantial variability in 19 morphological traits out of the 21 traits evaluated under Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) traits. However, there is no significant variation was detected in the traits of anthocyanin pigment and plant habit while in remaining 19 traits significant variation was observed. As a result, these traits have a distinct morphological identity that will make identification easier. For simple visibility of varietal associated traits during maintenance and resistance breeding programs, this attributes might be taken into consideration in the development of the urdbean variety.
Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Lyons Maureen D. , Pope Bailey , Alexander Jason
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American College of Chest Physicians’ 2022 guideline on perioperative management of patients taking oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy who are undergoing an elective surgery or procedure.
From plan to delivery: Machine learning based positional accuracy prediction of multi‐leaf collimator and estimation of delivery effect in volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Qiu Minmin , Zhong Jiajian , Xiao Zhenhua , Deng Yongjin
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The positional accuracy of MLC is an important element in establishing the exact dosimetry in VMAT. We comprehensively analyzed factors that may affect MLC positional accuracy in VMAT, and constructed a model to predict MLC positional deviation and estimate planning delivery quality according to the VMAT plans before delivery.

Methods

A total of 744 “dynalog” files for 23 VMAT plans were extracted randomly from treatment database. Multi‐correlation was used to analyzed the potential influences on MLC positional accuracy, including the spatial characteristics and temporal variability of VMAT fluence, and the mechanical wear parameters of MLC. We developed a model to forecast the accuracy of MLC moving position utilizing the random forest (RF) ensemble learning method. Spearman correlation was used to further investigate the associations between MLC positional deviation and dosage deviations as well as gamma passing rates.

Results

The MLC positional deviation and effective impact factors show a strong multi‐correlation (R = 0.701, p‐value < 0.05). This leads to the development of a highly accurate prediction model with average variables explained of 95.03% and average MSE of 0.059 in the 5‐fold cross‐validation, and MSE of 0.074 for the test data was obtained. The absolute dose deviations caused by MLC positional deviation ranging from 12.948 to 210.235 cGy, while the relative volume deviation remained small at 0.470%–5.161%. The average MLC positional deviation correlated substantially with gamma passing rates (with correlation coefficient of −0.506 to −0.720 and p‐value < 0.05) but marginally with dosage deviations (with correlation coefficient < 0.498 and p‐value > 0.05).

Conclusions

The RF predictive model provides a prior tool for VMAT quality assurance.
Combined application of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Renvatinib, and Carrelizumab in a patient with primary liver cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Yan , Lai Yaoshui , Song Hongjie
Published: June 2024

The patient was diagnosed with primary liver cancer featuring intrahepatic metastasis (Barcelona stage B; Stage IIB), hepatitis B infection, and post‐hepatitis B cirrhosis during the period of compensated liver function. Following a 7‐month regimen combining traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) with Renvatinib and Carrelizumab, the patient exhibited favorable tolerability, no bleeding risks, and stable tumor progression. The effectiveness of TCHM in this case was marked by significant symptom alleviation, reduced serum molecular markers, minimized adverse reactions, and obviated surgical intervention. Blood tests displayed alpha‐fetoprotein levels ranging from 8.85 to 20.65 IU/mL, with no increase in bleeding risks.
Expert consensus on quality control indicators of integrative medicine in primary Sjögren's syndrome (2023 version)
Authors: Tao Qing‐Wen , Luo Jing , Wu Tzu‐Hua , Wang Jian‐Ming , Xu Yuan , Jin Di‐Er
Published: June 2024

Treatment integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) has yielded positive results and gained wide acceptance. However, the absence of standardized clinical management in certain regions has led to suboptimal outcomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pSS in China. In response, the Center for Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine at the China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, in collaboration with the Beijing Association of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Rheumatology Professional Committee, initiated a project led by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism. The project (Beijing Association of the Integrating of Traditional and Western Medicine standardization expert consensus record number: 2021Z031A3) aims to develop a set of quality control indicators for the integrated treatment of pSS using traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Based on the 2021 version, the consensus revision incorporates seven new items, focusing on essential assessment areas for pSS patients, treatment response, and healthcare cost management. The 2023 expert consensus update seeks to enhance pSS diagnosis and treatment practices in China, offering a benchmark for medical quality control.
Antimicrobial Peptide Coating of TiO2 Nanoparticles for Boosted Antimicrobial Effects
Authors: Caselli Lucrezia , Traini Tanja , Micciulla Samantha , Sebastiani Federica , Köhler Sebastian , Nielsen Emilie Marie , Diedrichsen Ragna Guldsmed , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Malmsten Martin
Published: June 2024

This study explores the coating of photocatalytic nanoparticles with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for boosted antimicrobial effects, and how such effects depend on AMP properties. For this, TiO2 nanoparticles are coated with the AMP KYE21 or its hydrophobically enhanced variant WWWKYE21. Mirroring effects of free peptides, coated nanoparticles displayed higher binding and UV‐induced degradation for bacteria‐like than for mammalian‐like membranes. In addition, they degraded bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). WWWKYE21‐coated nanoparticles displayed higher binding to LPS and bacteria‐like membranes and photocatalytic degradation, although saturation effects are found at high nanoparticle binding. Neutron reflectometry showed that binding of peptide‐coated nanoparticles to bacteria‐like membranes resulted in partial lipid removal in the absence of UV, but that UV illumination caused additional degradation, featuring increases in the hydration of headgroup and acyl chain regions. For LPS, UV induced removal of its outer O‐antigen region. Analogous to findings in model systems, antimicrobial effects of peptide‐coated nanoparticles against Escherichia coli bacteria on illumination are pronounced, while toxicity against human monocytes remained low. Altogether, results show that AMP coating boosts the antimicrobial effects of photocatalytic nanoparticles without causing cell toxicity. From a broader perspective, the study points to the potential of nanoarchitectonic combination of component properties for the design of composite NP properties.
Rapid and Precise Molecular Nanofiltration Using Ultra‐Thin‐Film Membranes Derived from 6,6′‐Dihydroxy‐2,2′‐biphenyldiamine
Authors: Chen Youcai , Shi Wenxiong , Li Shao‐Lu , Wang Mengfan , Wang Jian , Hao Shuang , Gong Genghao , Ye Chunchun , McKeown Neil B. , Hu Yunxia
Published: June 2024

A key challenge in efficient molecular separation is fabricating large‐scale, highly selective polymeric membranes with precise pore control at the molecular scale. Herein, a new contorted monomer 6,6′‐dihydroxy‐2,2′‐biphenyldiamine (DHBIPDA) is introduced as a building block to generate cross‐linked, ultra‐thin microporous nanofilms (sub‐10 nm) via interfacial polymerization, enabling rapid, and precise molecular nanofiltration. Using diacyl chloride (TPC) as the cross‐linker instead of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) significantly reduces the pore sizes within the membranes and achieves a narrower pore distribution due to a semi‐crystalline structure. The film structures are confirmed using comprehensive characterization techniques including wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), CO2 adsorption analysis, and molecular‐scale simulation. The DHBIPDA/TPC and DHBIPDA/TMC membranes achieve methanol permeance values of up to 16.4 and 15.1 LMH bar−1 coupled with molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) as low as 283 and 306 Da, respectively. The DHBIPDA/TPC membrane demonstrates both higher permeance and higher selectivity compared to its relatively disordered counterpart DHBIPDA/TMC, consistent with characterization data. The DHBIPDA‐derived membrane efficiently separates dye mixtures with similar molecular weights and enables effective recycling of organometallic homogeneous catalysts, suggesting its potential for industrial applications.
An Acellular, Self‐Healed Trilayer Cryogel for Osteochondral Regeneration in Rabbits
Authors: Chen Tsai‐Yu , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Wen Tsung‐Kai , Hsu Shan‐hui
Published: June 2024

Osteochondral regeneration remains formidable challenges despite significant advances in microsurgery. Herein, an acellular trilayer cryogel (TC) with injectability, tunable pore sizes (80–200 µm), and appropriate compressive modulus (10.8 kPa) is manufactured from self‐healable hydrogel under different gelling times through Schiff reaction between chitosan and difunctionalized polyurethane (DFPU). Bioactive molecules (Y27632 and dexamethasone) are respectively loaded in the top and bottom layers to form the Y27632/dexamethasone‐loaded trilayer cryogel (Y/DEX‐TC). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in Y/DEX‐TC proliferated ≈350% in vitro and underwent chondrogenesis or osteogenesis in response to the respective release of Y or DEX in 14 days. Acupuncture is administered to animals in an attempt to modulate the innate regulatory system and mobilize endogenous MSCs for osteochondral defect regeneration. In vivo rabbit experiments using Y/DEX‐TC combined with acupuncture successfully regulate SDF‐1 and TGF‐β1 levels, which possibly cause MSC migration toward Y/DEX‐TC. The synergistic effect of cryogel and acupuncture on immunomodulation is verified with a ≈7.3‐fold enhancement of the M2‐/M1‐macrophage population ratio by treatment of Y/DEX‐TC combining acupuncture, significantly greater than ≈1.5‐fold increase by acupuncture or ≈2.2‐fold increase by Y/DEX‐TC alone. This novel strategy using acellular drug‐loaded cryogel and accessible acupuncture shows promise in treating osteochondral defects of joint damage.
Bias‐Free Cardiac Monitoring Capsule
Authors: Qu Xuecheng , Cheng Sijing , Liu Ying , Hu Yiran , Shan Yizhu , Luo Ruizeng , Weng Sixian , Li Hui , Niu Hongxia , Gu Min , Fan Yubo , Shi Bojing , Liu Zhuo , Hua Wei , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Patients often fail to recognize the early signs of CVDs, which display irregularities in cardiac contractility and may ultimately lead to heart failure. Therefore, continuously monitoring the abnormal changes in cardiac contractility may represent a novel approach to long‐term CVD surveillance. Here, a zero‐power consumption and implantable bias‐free cardiac monitoring capsule (BCMC) is introduced based on the triboelectric effect for cardiac contractility monitoring in situ. The output performance of BCMC is improved over 10 times with nanoparticle self‐adsorption method. This device can be implanted into the right ventricle of swine using catheter intervention to detect the change of cardiac contractility and the corresponding CVDs. The physiological signals can be wirelessly transmitted to a mobile terminal for analysis through the acquisition and transmission module. This work contributes to a new option for precise monitoring and early diagnosis of CVDs.
Isomerization Engineering of Solid Additives Enables Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells via Manipulating Molecular Stacking and Aggregation of Active Layer
Authors: Miao Yawei , Sun Yanna , Zou Wentao , Zhang Xu , Kan Yuanyuan , Zhang Wenqing , Jiang Xinyue , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang , Hao Xiaotao , Geng Longlong , Xu Huajun , Gao Ke
Published: June 2024

Morphology control is crucial in achieving high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) and remains a major challenge in the field of OSC. Solid additive is an effective strategy to fine‐tune morphology, however, the mechanism underlying isomeric solid additives on blend morphology and OSC performance is still vague and urgently requires further investigation. Herein, two solid additives based on pyridazine or pyrimidine as core units, M1 and M2, are designed and synthesized to explore working mechanism of the isomeric solid additives in OSCs. The smaller steric hindrance and larger dipole moment facilitate better π–π stacking and aggregation in M1‐based active layer. The M1‐treated all‐small‐molecule OSCs (ASM OSCs) obtain an impressive efficiency of 17.57%, ranking among the highest values for binary ASM OSCs, with 16.70% for M2‐treated counterparts. Moreover, it is imperative to investigate whether the isomerization engineering of solid additives works in state‐of‐the‐art polymer OSCs. M1‐treated D18‐Cl:PM6:L8‐BO‐based devices achieve an exceptional efficiency of 19.70% (certified as 19.34%), among the highest values for OSCs. The work provides deep insights into the design of solid additives and clarifies the potential working mechanism for optimizing the morphology and device performance through isomerization engineering of solid additives.
An Ultralight Composite Current Collector Enabling High‐Energy‐Density and High‐Rate Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Ouyang Zhaofeng , Wang Shuo , Wang Yan , Muqaddas Sheza , Geng Shitao , Yao Zhibo , Zhang Xiao , Yuan Bin , Zhao Xiaoju , Xu Qiuchen , Tang Shanshan , Zhang Qiang , Li Jun , Sun Hao
Published: June 2024

Anode‐free lithium (Li) metal batteries are promising alternatives to current Li‐ion batteries due to their advantages such as high energy density, low cost, and convenient production. However, the copper (Cu) current collector accounts for more than 25 wt% of the total weight of the anode‐free battery without capacity contribution, which severely reduces the energy and power densities. Here, a new family of ultralight composite current collectors with a low areal density of 0.78 mg cm−2, representing significant weight reduction of 49%‐91% compared with the Cu‐based current collectors for high‐energy Li batteries, is presented. Rational molecular engineering of the polyacylsemicarbazide substrate enables enhanced interfacial interaction with the sputtered Cu layer, which results in excellent interfacial stability, flexibility, and safety for the obtained anode‐free batteries. The battery‐level energy density has been significantly improved by 36%–61%, and a maximum rate capability reaches 5 C (10 mA cm−2) attributed to the homogeneous Li+ flux and smooth Li deposition on the nanostructured Cu layer. The results not only open a new avenue to improve the energy and power densities of anode‐free batteries via composite current collector innovation but, in a broader context, provide a new paradigm to pursue high‐performance, high‐safety, and flexible batteries.
Systematic Exploration of the Benefits of Ni Substitution in Na–Fe–Mn–O Cathodes
Authors: Abdolhosseini Marzieh , Jia Shipeng , Sieffert Michael , Eisnor Maddison , Kumakura Shinichi , McCalla Eric
Published: June 2024

Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) are receiving a great deal of attention as potential sustainable replacements for Li‐ion batteries in electric vehicles and grid storage applications. To date, commercialized SIBs offer inferior energy density with passable extended cycling. By contrast, next‐generation SIBs will likely utilize layered oxide cathodes that offer improved energy density but to date show inferior stability both during cycling and in terms of stability of the cathodes in air during cell assembly. These properties are highly tunable with composition and herein the promising P2 phases are systematically explored in the Na–Fe–Mn–O phase diagram by making 256 different compositions. The optimal material is a P2 material saturated with Ni (a modest 16% of the transition metal layer) and shows a highly competitive energy density of 640 Wh kg−1 while minimizing the amount of sacrificial sodium needed in full cells and also improving the air stability of the material. This study shows the vital role that thorough systematic screening will play in the continued development of these vital materials for sustainable secondary battery production and provides guidance toward sustainable Na‐ion cathodes by minimizing the nickel content required for high performance.
Glutathione‐Sensitive Photosensitizer–Drug Conjugates Target the Mitochondria to Overcome Multi‐Drug Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Song Weiguo , Yang Hekai , Wang Ying , Chen Shuzhen , Zhong Wenda , Wang Qian , Ding Wenshuo , Xu Guangzhao , Meng Chen , Liang Ying , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Cao Shuhua , Wei Liuya , Li Fahui
Published: June 2024

Multi‐drug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of cancer therapy failure. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality that can circumvent MDR and synergize with chemotherapies, based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by photosensitizers. However, overproduction of glutathione (GSH) by cancer cells scavenges ROS and restricts the efficacy of PDT. Additionally, side effects on normal tissues are unavoidable after PDT treatment. Here, to develop organic systems that deliver effective anticancer PDT and chemotherapy simultaneously with very little side effects, three GSH‐sensitive photosensitizer‐drug conjugates (CyR‐SS‐L) are designed and synthesized. CyR‐SS‐L localized in the mitochondria then is cleaved into CyR‐SG and SG‐L parts by reacting with and consuming high levels of intracellular GSH. Notably, CyR‐SG generates high levels of ROS in tumor cells instead of normal cells and be exploited for PDT and the SG‐L part is used for chemotherapy. CyR‐SS‐L inhibits better MDR cancer tumor inhibitory activity than indocyanine green, a photosensitizer (PS) used for PDT in clinical applications. The results appear to be the first to show that CyR‐SS‐L may be used as an alternative PDT agent to be more effective against MDR cancers without obvious damaging normal cells by the combination of PDT, GSH depletion, and chemotherapy.
A DNA‐Modularized STING Agonist with Macrophage‐Selectivity and Programmability for Enhanced Anti‐Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Yingzhi , Li Ruike , Duan Qiao , Wu Lingling , Li Xinyi , Luo Aoxiang , Zhang Yongming , Zhao Na , Cui Kai , Wu Wenwei , Liu Tize , Wan Jian‐Bo , Deng Liufu , Li Guiying , Hou Lijun , Tan Weihong , Xiao Zeyu
Published: June 2024

The activation of cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and its adaptor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), is known to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for promoting antitumor immunity. To enhance the efficiency of cGAS‐STING pathway activation, macrophage‐selective uptake, and programmable cytosolic release are crucial for the delivery of STING agonists. However, existing polymer‐ or lipid‐based delivery systems encounter difficulty in integrating multiple functions meanwhile maintaining precise control and simple procedures. Herein, inspired by cGAS being a natural DNA sensor, a modularized DNA nanodevice agonist (DNDA) is designed that enable macrophage‐selective uptake and programmable activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway through precise self‐assembly. The resulting DNA nanodevice acts as both a nanocarrier and agonist. Upon local administration, it demonstrates the ability of macrophage‐selective uptake, endosomal escape, and cytosolic release of the cGAS‐recognizing DNA segment, leading to robust activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway and enhanced antitumor efficacy. Moreover, DNDA elicits a synergistic therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. The study broadens the application of DNA nanotechnology as an immune stimulator for cGAS‐STING activation.
Quantum‐Dot‐Induced Energy Filtering Effect in Organic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Daegun , Kim Jimin , Chung Sein , Cho Kilwon
Published: June 2024

Thermoelectric (TE) charge transport in organic TE nanocomposite systems is a critical consideration in designing high‐performance TE materials. Here, the relationship between the TE properties and energy structure of conducting polymer/quantum dot (QD) nanocomposites is systematically investigated by developing a potential wall or potential well in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with CdTe QDs. The added QDs are primarily distributed within the electrically insulating PSS shell and act as stepping stones for charge transport between PEDOT‐rich grains. The embedded QDs generate an energy‐filtering effect, which is induced by both potential wall and potential well states established by the QDs in the PEDOT:PSS films. The induced energy‐filtering effect increases the Seebeck coefficient S with limited loss of electrical conductivity σ, thereby overcoming the TE trade‐off relation S ∝ σ
−1/4. The energy‐filtering effect is optimized by carefully controlling the QD size. The PEDOT:PSS/QD nanocomposite containing the smallest QDs exhibits a power factor of 173.8 µW m−1 K−2, which is 80% larger than the value for the pristine PEDOT:PSS film. This work suggests a strategy for designing TE nanocomposites with improved TE performance and emphasizes the importance of fine‐tuning the interfacial energy gap to achieve an effective energy‐filtering effect.
Dualism of Remarkable Magnesium Ion Conduction with Low Activation Energy over a Wide Temperature Range versus Limited Stability of the Hybrid Composite Electrolyte Mg‐MOF‐74/MgX2/Propylene Carbonate
Authors: Maile Ruben , Wei Zhixuan , Achazi Andreas Johannes , Wang Kangli , Henkel Pascal , Mollenhauer Doreen , Janek Jürgen , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: June 2024

A metal–organic framework (MOF) quasi‐solid‐state Mg2+‐ion conductor is prepared with a conductivity of 0.6 × 10−4 S cm−1 already at room temperature. Mg‐MOF‐74 acts as host for MgX2 (X = Cl−, Br−, BF4−) dissolved in propylene carbonate, leading to dry free‐flowing powders with liquid electrolyte exhibiting low activation energy of 0.2 eV with Arrhenius‐type behavior (233–333 K). Different halides and pseudohalides reveal an influence of the anions on ionic conductivity, activation energy, and chemical stability. High transference numbers 0.45–0.80 for Mg2+ ions are recorded, being among the highest reported with small and low‐cost halides. Against magnesium, an insulating solid electrolyte interface layer forms that prevents a steady‐state and full‐MOF decomposition, as shown by powder X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Comparison with pure propylene carbonate shows that the electrolyte is enhanced by MOF addition. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of complexes in solution indicate correlations between the activation energy for Mg2+ migration through the MOF and the Gibbs energy needed to form charged Mg compounds in solution. Furthermore, DFT calculations of complexes within the MOF pore reveal variations in binding energy and charge transfer correlating with experimental transference numbers. Altogether, the high potential of MOFs for quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes with multivalent cations stability issues are illuminated.