bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ভগবানিয়া সম্প্রদায়ের যাপিত জীবনে ধর্মচর্চা
Authors: করিম খ. ম. রেজাউল , রহমান এটিএম আনিসুর
Published: June 2024

ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গ ও বাংলাদেশের দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলে বসবাসকারী ভগবানিয়া সম্প্রদায়ের সমন্বিত ধর্ম কর্তাভজা। এ সম্প্রদায়ের সদস্যরা একই সঙ্গে হিন্দু ও মুসলিম ধর্মীয় আচার-অনুষ্ঠান, রীতিনীতি সমন্বিতভাবে লালন করে থাকে। তাদের মধ্যে কোনো জাতি-বর্ণ-গোষ্ঠীভেদ দেখা যায় না। একাগ্রতা ও ভক্তি সহকারে ঈশ্বরজ্ঞানে ̧গুরু সেবাই এ সম্পধদায়ের অনন্য বৈশিষ্ট্য। ̧গুরুধর্মী এ মতবাদের অনুসারীরা যাপিত জীবনের প্রায় সকল ক্ষেত্রে নানা নিয়ম-কানুন মেলে চলে, যার বেশিরভাগই সাস্থ্য সম্পর্কিত। চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞানের উৎকর্ষের যুগেও এ সম্প্রদায়ের সদস্যরা ধর্মীয় এবং সনাতন ধ্যানধারণার প্রতি তাদের বিশ্বাস অটুট রেখেছে। তাদের শাস্ত্রমতে, ব্যক্তির কর্মফলই রোগব্যাধির কারণ। ধর্মীয় অনুশাসন থেকে বিচ্যুতি ঘটলেই ব্যক্তি নানা রোগব্যাধিতে আক্রান্ত হয়। ধর্মীয় ̧গুরুগণ তাদের লোকায়ত চিকিৎসার চর্চা করে থাকেন। তারা সাধারণত নিরামিষভোজী। তারা বারো মাসে বারো ধরনের আচার-অনুষ্ঠানাদি পালন করে থাকে। ভগবানিয়া সম্প্রদায় মূলত গ্রামীণ কৃষিভিত্তিক হলেও বর্তমানে তারা আধুনিক শিক্ষায় শিক্ষিত হয়ে নানা পেশা ও কর্মের সঙ্গে জড়িত। তারপরেও তাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের সকল ক্ষেত্রে ধর্মীয় বিধি নিষেধ কঠোরভাবে মেনে চলার প্রবণতা লক্ষ করা যায়। বক্ষ্যমান প্রবন্ধটি সাতক্ষীরা জেলার তালা উপজেলার চরগ্রামের নির্বাচিত ৬০ জন উত্তরদাতার কাছে থেকে মুখ্য তথ্য ও বিভিন্ন গৌণ উৎস থেকে সংগৃহীত তথ্যের ভিত্তিতে রচিত। প্রবন্ধে ভগবানিয়া সম্পধদায়ের যাপিত জীবনে ধর্মচর্চার স্বরুপ অনুসন্ধানের প্রচেষ্টা নেয়া হয়েছে।
The Impact of Friction Stir Process on Mechanical Properties of AA6082 Enhanced by Titanium Aluminum Carbide Ti3AlC2
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Algizani Ziyad T. , Moustafa Essam B. ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the effects of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) on the mechanical properties and microstructural refinement of aluminum alloy AA6082 and its composite reinforced with Titanium Aluminum Carbide (𝑇𝑖3𝐴𝑙𝐶2). The primary aim was to determine the extent to which FSP can enhance the compression strength and modify the microstructure of the base AA6082 and the AA6082/𝑇𝑖3𝐴𝑙𝐶2 metal matrix composite. Through a series of FSP treatments, we observed a microstructural refinement of 26% in the composite material. Concurrently, the compression strength of the materials processed by FSP demonstrated a significant increase of 16.3%. These results suggest that FSP is an effective method for enhancing the mechanical properties of AA6082, with implications for the material's application in industries where the strength-to-weight ratio is critical. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the microstructural transformation mechanisms and the corresponding enhancement in mechanical properties, offering insights into the potential of FSP in developing high-performance metal matrix composites.
Global Perspectives on Fiscal Policy and Labor Income-Leisure Choices: Theoretical and Practical Insights
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Shahid Muhammad , Kashif Bhatti Muhammad , Ali Amjad
Published: June 2024

In macroeconomic literature, fiscal policy is considered a powerful tool to achieve sustainable development, full employment, and social well-being in developed and developing societies. For this, public authority uses expansionary and contractionary tax policies to achieve stable growth and employment environment for the stable labor market. This study theoretically and empirically investigates the problem of inference on income-leisure labor preference. Also, it considers the impact of tax and expenditure structure on labor choices regarding working hours under the assumption of neoclassical theory. We use quantile regression analysis to investigate the data set for worldwide, high, and low-income countries from 2000 to 2022, for the macro-level analysis based on the empirical investigation of 123 countries cross-section panel. The outcomes show that when the fiscal authorities impose a regressive form of taxes, it may hurt the labor wages and distribution of income-leisure preferences or the welfare of labor. Similarly, non-labor income hurts labor utility through a large volume of non-development expenditure. However, when the progressive form of taxes is imposed, it may improve the labor utility. At the same time, on the other side, when fiscal authority disburses the development expenditure, it may support the non-labor income through the provision of public goods and services. For practice, the empirical results of quantile regression show that government expenditure has a positive while tax hurts labor supply. Fiscal policy in low-income countries has provided an alternative outcome
Turkish Adaptation of Leisure Motivation Scale: A Sample of Turkish Adolescents Participating in Regularly Physical Activity
Authors: Aydın İsmail , Yaşartürk Fatih , Akay Buğra , Solmaz Serdar , Ceylan Mehmet
Published: June 2024

In the study, we aimed to evaluate the Turkish adaptation of the leisure motivation scale (LMS-A) for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities. We collected data from 331 people determined by the convenience sampling method, and conducted its Turkish adaptation with three different test phases after we performed Turkish language co-validation of the scale. Firstly, we determined the univariate and multivariate normality levels of the data. In the second stage we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the contextuality of the scale and in the third stage we utilized two types of construct validity, convergent and discriminant to evaluate the validity of the scale. The results revealed that the original structure of the scale fits well in the correlated factors model and best fit the data collected from the Turkish population. These results suggest that the leisure motivation scale could be a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities in Türkiye.
Tinjauan Fiqih Munakahat terhadap Tradisi Perkawinan Nyuwita Ngawula di Masyarakat Suku Samin, Kecamatan Kradenan, Kabupaten Blora
Authors: M Yosi Ramadan  , Ahmad Farishin Ikhwan  , Muhibban
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tradisi tersebut melalui sudut pandang fiqih munakahat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dan observasi lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui dengan malaliu wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh adat, tokoh agama, dan masyarakat Suku Samin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Nyuwita Ngawula memiliki beberapa kesesuaian dengan prinsip-prinsip fiqih munakahat, seperti adanya wali nikah, maskawin, dan ijab kabul. Namun, terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu dibenahi. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa tradisi Nyuwita Ngawula perlu dilakukan penyesuaian agar lebih selaras dengan fiqih munakahat. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui edukasi kepada masyarakat Suku Samin tentang rukun dan syarat sah pernikahan, serta pemisahan tempat tinggal calon mempelai selama masa ngawula.
أثر الروافد الفكرية في تشكيل الصورة الشعرية عند ابن الحداد الأندلسي
Authors: أ‌. د. مثنى عبدالله محمد علي أ‌. د. مثنى عبدالله محمد علي
Published: June 2024

ملخص البحث:
إنَّ التفاعل بين المُبدع وثقافتهِ التي تتراكم خلال سنينَ حياته المختلفة واضحٌ جداً؛ لأنَّ أكثر المُبدعين أصالةً مَنْ كان تركيُبه الفني ذا طبيعة تراكمية، بمعنى أنَّ الشاعر المُبدع  يستسقي صورَه من مجموعة من الروافد المعرفية التي تكشف عن مقدرته على استحضار تلك الروافد في مواقف الانفعال الذاتي، فضلاً عن تنظيمها والتأثير في المتلقي، والتي بدورها تعكس التفاعل بين المُبدع والتراكم المعرفي والثقافي خلال مراحل حياته المختلفة.
     وبما أن الشِّعْرَ فنٌّ لغويٌ وصُورةٌ مُشَكَّلَةٌ من اللغة، والتي هي مجموعة من العلاقات البنائية التي تشكّل الطاقات الخيالية للقصيدة، فإنَّ الصورة تُصبح عملية إبداعية تستمد عناصرها من ثقافة المُبدع وتؤطّر بتصورات الخيال المتنوعة؛ لذلك -ومن خلال قراءتنا لديوان ابن الحداد - يمكننا أن نرصد مجموعة من الروافد الفكرية المهمة التي استقى منها ابنُ الحداد صورَه، والتي كان لها الأثر الواضح في تشكيل هذه الصور، ومن تلك الروافد:
1- الرافد الديني.
2- الرافد الأدبي.
3- الرافد التاريخي.
4- الرافد الاجتماعي.
5- الرافد العلمي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: (ابن حداد الأندلسي) (الروافد الفكرية) (الصورة الشعرية)
الاستلاب في رواية مسامرات جسر بزيبز لشاكر الانباري
Authors: م. د. محمد ابراهيم عبدالله حسن م. د. محمد ابراهيم عبدالله حسن
Published: June 2024

ملخص البحث :
لقد حظي مفهوم الاستلاب بأهمية كبيرة في العصر الحديث؛ لأنه  يدخل ضمن حيز المفاهيم المعاصرة في علم النفس وعلم الاجتماع، إذ يعالج أهم القضايا التي تتعلق بذات الإنسان في الوقت الحاضر، مما جعله  ينعكس على الفعل الروائي بشكل ملحوظ، يحاول الكاتب أن يرسم رؤيته للعالم بما يكتنزه من قيود وتراكمات تجتاحه تجعله بعيدًا عن تحقيق ذاته وهويته؛ فلم يكنز توظيف الاستلاب كفعل قاهر للذات عشوائيًّا أو عفويًّا، بل كان الدافع واراء ذلك هو انتهاك وسلب كل ما يتعلق بذات الإنسان الأمر يجعل هذا العمل يرتقي إلى مستويات عالية من الإبداع السردي الذي يبدو جليّا، وحفلت الكثير من الروايات العراقية والعربية في العصر الحديث بهذا النمط وانمازت وزخرت بالاستلاب لأنه حقل خصب يبين للعالم حجم الكارثة التي يعاني منها المواطن العربي ولا سيما العراقي ورواية مسامرات جسر بزيبز كانت نموذجًا غنيًا حافلًا بنماذج كثيرة ومتعددة منحتني دافعًا كبيرًا للأبحار في سبر غور هذه النصوص، وقام بحثي هذا على ملخص توضيحي يبين  تعريف مصطلح الاستلاب والوقوف عليه بشكل دقيق، في حين جاء المبحث الأول بعنوان استلاب الهوية الذي يعد من أخطر أنواع الاستلاب فهو يعد ضياع ذات الإنسان؛ وفقدانه لأبرز سمات العيش الكريم، في حين خص المبحث الثاني بعنون الاستلاب المعرفي الذي يعنى بذات الإنسان وكينونته، في حين جاء المبحث الثالث بعنوان الاستلاب الزماني وحضور الذاكرة، لما للذاكرة دور كبير في استرجاع الاحداث واستعادتها فيما يقتضيه سياق النص
الكلمات المفتاحية: الاستلاب، رواية، مسامرات جسر بزيبز، شاكر الانباري
Exploring the Challenges of Printed Modular Instruction for Learners with Special Needs
Authors: Pinote Mirbeth
Published: June 2024

This study explored the challenges parents and teachers face as a foundation for developing an action plan to enhance printed modular distance learning implementation. This study used a descriptivecomparative research design to compare the challenges teachers and parents encountered during the printed modality implementation. The study sample comprised six teachers and 54 parents, selected through universal sampling. Respondents completed a questionnaire adapted from Abante et al. (2021). Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and independent samples t-tests. The findings revealed that parents experienced significant challenges hiring tutors, while teachers faced substantial difficulties in parent-teacher communication and validating learners’ progress. The statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in the challenges reported by parents and teachers. The study concludes that printed modular distance learning facilitates continuing education at home but falls short of adequately supporting learners with special needs. Consequently, a targeted action plan should be implemented to address these challenges and improve educational outcomes.
Att utbilda till anställningsbara industriarbetare: Industrilärares berättade erfarenheter om yrkesdidaktik
Authors: Asghari Hamid
Published: June 2024

Industrilärares berättade erfarenheter om undervisning av och möte med elever på svenska yrkesgymnasieskolor står i centrum för denna studie. Studien har berättelseforskning som teoretisk och metodologisk utgångspunkt och undersöker de olika teman som framträder ur lärarnas berättelser om begreppet yrkesdidaktik. Centralt i berättelseforskningen är grundantagandet att berättelser konstrueras tillsammans med och i relation till andra människor. Artikeln visar att ur industrilärarnas berättelser framträder tio teman om yrkesdidaktik. Den gemensamma nämnaren i dessa teman är begreppet yrke. Det är relaterat till anställningsbarhet som industriarbetare och har betydelse för industrilärares yrkesundervisning och yrkeslärande. Yrkesdidaktiken och dess ingående teman diskuteras i relation till verkstadsmiljö (mästar-lärlingstradition) och skolmiljö. Slutsatsen är att yrkesdidaktik kan beskrivas som yrkesundervisning och yrkeslärande med allt vad det innebär av yrkesskickligheter och tillvägagångssätt för att fostra en elev till yrkesutövare inom ett yrke för en arbetsmarknad som kontinuerligt, i takt med teknikutveckling och samhällsförändring, förändras.
A poética do suicídio em Sylvia Plath
Authors: Cecília Carvalho Ana
Published: June 2024

Em fevereiro de 1963, aos trinta anos de idade, a escritora americana Sylvia Plath se suicidou em Londres, onde morava com seus dois filhos, poucos meses depois de ter se separado de seu marido, o poeta inglês Ted Hughes. A morte de Plath aconteceu em meio a uma intensa produção poética, que haveria de incluí-la, por fim, entre as autoras mais importantes do século XX. Uma abordagem psicanalítica da obra da escritora revelará elementos que nos permitem reconhecer uma espécie de toxidez da escrita. Esse aspecto aponta a presença de impulsos destrutivos que operam no interior do processo criativo. Na articulação entre vida, obra e morte, este livro procura ressaltar os modos pelos quais esses impulsos relacionam-se aos limites da escrita literária em sua dupla face funcional e disfuncional.
Precision-based causal inference modulates audiovisual temporal recalibration
Authors: Li Luhe , Hong Fangfang , Badde Stephanie , Landy Michael S
Published: June 2024

Cross-modal temporal recalibration guarantees stable temporal perception across ever-changing environments. Yet, the mechanisms of cross-modal temporal recalibration remain unknown. Here, we conducted an experiment to measure how participants’ temporal perception was affected by exposure to audiovisual stimuli with constant temporal delays that we varied across sessions. Consistent with previous findings, recalibration effects plateaued with increasing audiovisual asynchrony (nonlinearity) and varied by which modality led during the exposure phase (asymmetry). We compared six observer models that differed in how they update the audiovisual temporal bias during the exposure phase and in whether they assume a modality-specific or modality-independent precision of arrival latency. The causal-inference observer shifts the audiovisual temporal bias to compensate for perceived asynchrony, which is inferred by considering two causal scenarios: when the audiovisual stimuli have a common cause or separate causes. The asynchrony-contingent observer updates the bias to achieve simultaneity of auditory and visual measurements, modulating the update rate by the likelihood of the audiovisual stimuli originating from a simultaneous event. In the asynchrony-correction model, the observer first assesses whether the sensory measurement is asynchronous; if so, she adjusts the bias proportionally to the magnitude of the measured asynchrony. Each model was paired with either modality-specific or modality-independent precision of arrival latency. A Bayesian model comparison revealed that both the causal-inference process and modality-specific precision in arrival latency are required to capture the nonlinearity and asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration. Our findings support the hypothesis that audiovisual temporal recalibration relies on the same causal-inference processes that govern cross-modal perception.
Uncertainty-based causal inference modulates audiovisual temporal recalibration
Authors: Li Luhe , Hong Fangfang , Badde Stephanie , Landy Michael S.
Published: June 2024

Cross-modal temporal recalibration is crucial for maintaining coherent perception in a multimodal environment. The classic view suggests that cross-modal temporal recalibration aligns the perceived timing of sensory signals from different modalities, such as sound and light, to compensate for physical and neural latency differences. However, this view cannot fully explain the nonlinearity and asymmetry observed in audiovisual recalibration effects: the amount of re-calibration plateaus with increasing audiovisual asynchrony and varies depending on the leading modality of the asynchrony during exposure. To address these discrepancies, our study examines the mechanism of audiovisual temporal recalibration through the lens of causal inference, considering the brain’s capacity to determine whether multimodal signals come from a common source and should be integrated, or else kept separate. In a three-phase recalibration paradigm, we manipulated the adapter stimulus-onset asynchrony in the exposure phase across nine sessions, introducing asynchronies up to 0.7 s of either auditory or visual lead. Before and after the exposure phase in each session, we measured participants’ perception of audiovisual relative timing using a temporal-order-judgment task. We compared models that assumed observers re-calibrate to approach either the physical synchrony or the causal-inference-based percept, with uncertainties specific to each modality or comparable across them. Modeling results revealed that a causal-inference model incorporating modality-specific uncertainty captures both the nonlinearity and asymmetry of audiovisual temporal recalibration. Our results indicate that human observers employ causal-inference-based percepts to recalibrate cross-modal temporal perception.
Macro and microplastic pollution in Romania: addressing knowledge gaps and potential solutions under the circular economy framework
Authors: Mihai Florin-Constantin , Ulman Simona-Roxana , Pop Valeria
Published: June 2024

Background

This review reveals the role of linear economy prevalence and mismanagement practices in plastic pollution of aquatic and terrestrial environments and related knowledge gaps in Romania while outlining downstream and upstream solutions to reduce plastic pollution and adopt circular economy strategies. Thus, the major aim of this study is the investigation of the stage of scientific knowledge concerning all these demands in the Romanian context.

Methodology

This work integrates two main approaches: (i) a bibliometric analysis fed by Web of Science and Scopus databases to reveal the current coverage of peer-reviewed literature related to plastic waste in Romania and (ii) a subject-based review to underline the main themes related to plastic waste management, plastic pollution, and mitigating options in Romania in line with circular economy principles.

Results

Reducing plastic pollution requires scientific knowledge, multi-sectoral cooperation, and societal awareness. Following this, the topics of plastic waste and plastic pollution appeared to be under-investigated in the literature considering Romania as a case study and concentrated around the 2020 year, emphasizing, in this way, the trendiness of plastic waste concerns and their management in the current research landscape. Our analysis points out that: (i) Romania is facing massive plastic pollution requiring solid improvements in waste management performances; (ii) few peer-reviewed research studies are performed in Romania for both macro and microplastic concerns with unknown pollution levels in most of its geographical regions; (iii) the plastic waste management is still understudied here, while waste statistics are poorly available at local levels; (iv) the perspectives of circular economy transition are still limited, feeding the plastic pollution in the coming years.

Conclusions

Several knowledge gaps are identified and must be covered by future research such as (i) adjusting mismanaged plastic waste levels to regional waste management performances and determining littering rates in urban and rural areas to improve the plastic pollution modeling inputs; (ii) examining plastic pollution associated with landfill sites and waste imports; (iii) assessing the sectoral contributions to macro and microplastic pollution of aquatic environments related to municipalities, tourist destinations, agriculture, etc.; (iv) determining retention levels of plastic in river basins and role of riparian vegetation; (v) analyzing microplastics presence in all types of freshwater environments and interlinkage between macroplastic fragmentation and microplastic; (vi) assessing the plastic loads of transboundary rivers related to mismanagement practices; (vii) determining concentrations of microplastics in air, soil, and other land use ecosystems.
Extent of Adoption Regarding Recommended Cultivation Practices of Landraces by the Beneficiaries of Global Environment Facilities
Authors: Kishnawat Lokendra Singh , Lal Banwari , Ekta  , Sou Dinesh
Published: June 2024

The present study examined the adoption levels among 113 kharif crop growers in Osian tehsil (Jodhpur) and Chohtan tehsil (Barmer) of Rajasthan. Results indicated that 64 respondents (56.64%) exhibited medium adoption, 36 of them (31.86%) showed high adoption, and 13 respondents (11.50%) had low adoption levels of recommended practices. Practice-wise analysis revealed the highest adoption in “Sowing of seed” (87.33 MPS), followed by “Spacing” (85.00 MPS), “Harvesting” (81.67 MPS), and “Storage” (80.00 MPS). Lower adoption rates were observed in “Fertilizer application” (61.33 MPS), “Seed treatment” (67.67 MPS), and “Plant protection measures” (78.67 MPS). Multiple regression analysis of independent variables with adoption showed that family type, income level and social participation had positive relationship with adoption whereas age, caste, occupation, level of education and land holding had negative association with adoption.  These findings underscore the varied adoption levels across different practices, highlighting            areas for targeted intervention to enhance overall compliance with recommended cultivation techniques.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Tea Garden Soils of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Authors: Pradhan Diksha , Bharose Ram , Thomas Tarence
Published: June 2024

The experiment was conducted in 2023-2024 to assess the physical and chemical properties of tea garden soils of Darjeeling, West Bengal within its geographical coordinates ranging from 27° 2' 9.6252'' N latitude to 88° 15' 45.6192''E longitude. Nine distinct villages located in the Darjeeling district covering Glenburn, Soureni, and Selimbong tea gardens were chosen for the study. The physical properties of tea garden soils, soil colour, texture, bulk density (Mg m-3), particle density (Mg m-3), percent pore space and percent water holding capacity were analysed at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths. The results showed that the soil colour varied from brown to yellowish brown in dry condition and dark brown to dark reddish brown in wet. The soils of Selimbong were sandy loam to sandy clay loam, Soureni were clay loam, and soils of Glenburn were clay loam to sandy clay loam in texture. The variation in bulk density and particle density was recorded non-significant with the values ranging from 1.01-1.22 Mg m-3 and 2.21-2.64 Mg m-3 respectively. The percent pore space and percent water holding capacity were found significant with the values ranging from 50.53-68.96% and 53.36-79.43% respectively. The soil pH ranged from 4.32-5.28 and electrical conductivity (EC) 0.03-0.97 dS m-1 which were found to be non-significant. The organic carbon and available nitrogen were found to be significant with values ranging from 0.63-2.02% and 177.70-696.3 kg ha-1 respectively. The available phosphorus ranged from 16.13-29.54 kg ha-1 and available potassium 100.64-334.92 kg ha-1 which was found to be significant. The values of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were recorded significant ranging from 0.02-0.42 C mol(p+) kg-1 and 0.016-0.223 C mol(p+) kg-1 respectively.
The Study of Variability Heritability and Genetic Advance in Okra [(Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench] Crop
Authors: Yadav Kalyan Singh , Singh Ajeet Pratap
Published: June 2024

The study was conducted during kharif 2019 to Ziad 2020  at the research farm of shri Durga ji post graduate college Chaneshwar Azamgarh U.P. with ten genotypes Azad Bhindi1, Azad Bhindi 2, Azad Bhindi 3, KS 312, VRO5, KS 442, KS 439, BO2, Arka Abhay and Prabhani Kranti along with 11 characters viz days to flowering,  height of plant, number of branches per plant /main shoot, number of first fruiting node, height of first fruiting node, number of nodes per plant, length of internodes, length of fruit, width of fruits  , number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant .  All data recorded as per scientific for good genotypes of releasing factors i.e. high yielding and good quality characters. The number of first fruiting node coefficients of variability  for all the variables traits were higher in F1 generations. The number of initial fruiting nodes and total number of nodes in the F1 generation exhibited coefficients of variability with highest magnitudes in the F1 generation. When compared to parents, F1 generations, and other traits, the number of branches per plant showed the highest coefficient of variabilities in F2. The high heritability estimates in narrow sense were observed for length of fruit in both the generations and height for all the characters except height of plant, width of fruit, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant in F1 generation only. Other characters showed moderate heritability F2 generations and height of plant in both generation, genetic advance in narrow sense higher in F2 then F1 generation for all the characters. The maximum genetic advance was observed for fruit yield per plant in F1 and F2 and moderate genetic advance was observed for height of plant in both F1 and F2 generation.
Effect of Crop Establishment Methods and Nano Urea Compared to Urea on Quality and Nutrient Uptake in Rice Crop (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Azam Kamaran , Singh A.K. , Singh Manju , Singh Vikash , Marufi Mohammad Nabi , Kumar Neeraj
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022 and 2023 at Agronomy research farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with thrice replications. Taking three crop establishment methods Direct Seeded Rice, System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Transplanted Rice in main plot and seven nitrogen levels control, 100 % RDN through conventional Urea, 100 % RDN through Nano Urea, 80 % RDN through conventional Urea + 20 % RDN through Nano Urea, 60 % RDN through conventional Urea + 40 % through Nano Urea, 40 % RDN through conventional Urea + 60 % through Nano Urea and 20 % RDN through conventional Urea + 80 % through Nano Urea in sub plot. Results showed that significantly higher NPK content, NPK uptake protein content and protein yield was recorded in application of 60 % RDN through conventional Urea + 40 % through Nano Urea which was at par with 40 % RDN through conventional Urea + 60 % RDN through Nano Urea significantly superior over rest of the treatment during both the years of investigations.
Bioprospecting of Indigenous Microbial Species for Bioethanol Production from the Fruits of Some Selected Exotic Ornamental Plants
Authors: Yahaya Sani , Fagge Nasir Isa , Ahmad Umar Farouk , Ibrahim Ammar Salisu , Surajo Ibrahim , Alhassan Adam Salihu
Published: June 2024

The study determined the ability of some selected indigenous microbial isolates, namely Bacillus subtilis, Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the production of bioethanol from the fruits of some exotic plants (i.e. Ixora coccinea, Duranta repens and Syzygium guineense). B. subtilis was isolated from soil, while Z. mobilis and S. cerevisiae were isolated from palm wine using cultural methods. The organisms were identified based on their colony characteristics and morphological features, which were observed by microscopic examination of the stained smears of the isolates. The identity of the organisms was confirmed through the molecular study of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA regions of the microbial genomes using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR - DGGE). The fruit samples were collected, washed, blended, filtered using a clean piece of cloth and pretreated using ultrasonication and autoclave. Concentrations of reducing sugars in the fruit filtrates were determined using DNSA-UV-visible spectrophotometry. Seven (7) conical flasks (500ml capacity) were arranged for each fruit sample in duplicate, and 250ml of the fruit filtrates were dispensed in the flasks accordingly. The fermenting organisms were inoculated in the flasks containing the fruit filtrates singly and in combination. Flasks were incubated in shaking incubator for seven days at 35oC. After incubation, the concentrations of bioethanol produced were determined using the UV-visible spectrophotometry. Highest reducing sugars concentrations of 43.7% and 43.6% were found in I. coccinea and S. guineense, respectively, while 36.4% was recorded for D. repens. Highest bioethanol yield of 27.5m/L was found in I. coccinea fermented by S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis, while the lowest yield of 17.25m/L was found D. repens. The yield in bioethanol production was higher in samples containing a combination of fermenting organisms compared to ones with individual cells. It was recommended that the fruits of these exotic plants should be considered for commercial production of bioethanol.
Removal of Detergents from Proteins and Peptides in a Spin‐Column Format
Authors: Antharavally Babu S.
Published: August 2012

To enable downstream analysis, it is critical to remove unbound detergents from protein and peptide samples. This unit describes the use of a high‐performance resin that offers exceptional detergent removal for proteins and peptides. The easy‐to‐use spin format significantly improves results over the standard drip column and batch methodologies, with >95% removal of 1% to 5% detergents, including SDS, sodium deoxycholate, CHAPS, Triton X‐100, Triton X‐114, NP‐40, Brij‐35, octyl glucoside, octyl thioglucoside, and lauryl maltoside, with high recovery of proteins and peptides. Detergent removal efficiency is evaluated using colorimetric methods and mass spectrometry (MS). BSA tryptic peptides have been successfully analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS for identification of protein, following detergent removal using the resin. Advantages of this method include speed (less than 15 min), efficient detergent removal, and high recovery of proteins and peptides. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 69:6.12.1‐6.12.7. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adaptive predictive expert control of superheated steam temperature in a coal‐fired power plant
Authors: Pérez Ricardo Requena , Geddes Andrew , Clegg Andrew
Published: July 2012

This paper describes the application of an adaptive predictive expert (ADEX) control solution to the attemperation process for superheated steam temperature control in the ScottishPower coal‐fired power station at Cockenzie near Edinburgh in Scotland. The project comprised two phases, the first of which was a trial to establish the feasibility and potential benefits of ADEX compared with the existing control system by using a software platform on PC connected to the plant Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) via Object linking and embedding for Process Control (OPC), and the second phase was to verify and install a permanent, robust solution using an ADEX controller module with a digital link to the plant PLC. The overall objective of the project was to reduce steam temperature variations caused by load changes and other perturbations in order to protect the steam turbine (Unit 3) and to minimize thermal stresses in the attemperation pipework and boiler and so minimize premature failures along with associated cost risk. In the first phase, ADEX demonstrated a 50% improvement in reducing steam temperature variation overall compared with the existing method, and the subsequent installation of the ADEX controller module provided the necessary robustness and backups for a final industrial solution. The results of both phases are displayed graphically. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 2‐Oxindole‐ 3‐carboxylate Esters to Nitroolefins Promoted by Cinchona Alkaloid‐Thiourea‐Brønsted Acid Cocatalysts
Authors: Chen Xianjie , Zhu Wei , Qian Wangke , Feng Enguang , Zhou Yu , Wang Jinfang , Jiang Hualiang , Yao Zhu‐Jun , Liu Hong
Published: August 2012

A highly efficient organocatalyzed Michael addition of 2‐oxindole‐3‐carboxylate esters to nitroolefins using a Cinchona alkaloid‐thiourea and an achiral Brønsted acid as cooperative organocatalysts is reproted that affords significantly improved enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. It also provides an efficient approach to the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives with high enantioselectivity.
Anatomicohistological Characteristics of the Tubular Genital Organs of the Female Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii)
Authors: MAYOR PEDRO , BOWLER MARK , LÓPEZ‐PLANA CARLOS
Published: July 2012

Functional morphology of the reproductive organs is a key component for the better understanding of reproductive patterns as well to maximize reproductive efficiency and to develop assisted breeding techniques adapted to wildlife. This study examined anatomical and histological characteristics of genital organs of 60 Poeppig's woolly monkey females in the wild in different reproductive stages, collected by rural hunters in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. The endometrium, the endometrial glands, and the myometrium showed a significant increase in size related to the follicular growth. In nonpregnant females in the follicular phase, the endometrium, the endometrial glands, and the myometrium showed a significant increase related to the follicular growth. Nonpregnant females in the luteal phase had a thicker endometrium, a greater proliferation of endometrial glands, and a thicker myometrium, compared to females in the follicular phase. Nonpregnant females with small antral follicles presented high amounts of collagen beneath the endometrial epithelium, a sign of endometrial regeneration after menstruation that could be useful for the diagnosis of the reproductive phase in this species. A larger proportion of secreting cervical glands was observed in pregnant females compared to other females. The cervical mucous secretion occupied the lumen of the endocervical canal, assuring that no material could enter the uterus during gestation. The Poeppig's woolly monkey showed different vaginal epithelium features in accordance with the reproductive state of the female, suggesting that vaginal cytology could be a successful methodology with which to characterize the estrous cycle of wild primates. The present reproductive evaluation of Poeppig's woolly monkey provides important information that could improve the methodologies for the diagnosis of the reproductive phase of females, the assisted reproductive techniques in non‐human primates, and could also give us opportunity for comparative studies and an insight into the evolution of animal reproductive biology, including humans. Am. J. Primatol. 74:1006‐1016, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Minerals in Food Selection in a Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta Pigra) Population in Belize Following a Major Hurricane
Authors: BEHIE ALISON M. , PAVELKA MARY S. M.
Published: July 2012

As plants may contain low levels of some minerals including sodium, copper, and phosphorous, herbivores may become deficient in these nutrients. In 2001, Hurricane Iris hit the Monkey River Forest in Belize causing substantial damage to the food supply of the black howler monkey population (Alouatta pigra) living there. This included an 18‐month absence in fruit production and a complete loss of figs that are high in calcium. In this article, we describe the post‐hurricane diet of this monkey population and compare the mineral content of food items to each other and to recommendations for non‐human primates [NRC 2003]. We also investigate food selection in relation to potentially limiting minerals. Behavioral data from four groups of howlers (2002–2006) and samples of all ingested food items were collected and a sample of 99 plant from 18 food species was analyzed for mineral content. Unexpectedly, the post‐hurricane diet contained more mature leaves than new leaves despite the availability of new leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of minerals than reproductive parts and with the exception of Cecropia peltata stems, plant parts were low in sodium. Cecropia peltata is a pioneer species that grows following habitat disturbance thus the ingestion of these stems may be a potential mechanism to avoid sodium deficiency in this damaged forest. Calcium and zinc were found above recommended values in most food items; however, both positively predicted food selection, which may reflect a difference between their abundance and their bioavailability. However, as mature leaves contained more calcium than other plant parts, their high post‐hurricane consumption may also be a response to the absence of figs and the need to find an alternate calcium source. This study highlights how habitat disturbance may affect mineral abundance and the dietary choices of primates. Am. J. Primatol. 74:1054‐1063, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rot fluoreszierende Proteine: spezielle Anwendungen in der Bildgebung und Perspektiven
Authors: Shcherbakova Daria M. , Subach Oksana M. , Verkhusha Vladislav V.
Published: August 2012

Während der letzten Jahre wurden zahlreiche rotverschoben fluoreszierende Proteine (RFPs) entwickelt. Die verbesserten RFPs eröffnen einmalige Möglichkeiten, biologische Vorgänge auf Molekülebene ebenso zu verfolgen wie in gesamten Organismen. Hier wird die Beziehung zwischen den Eigenschaften von RFPs unterschiedlichen Phänotyps und ihren Anwendungen in verschiedenen Abbildungstechniken beschrieben. Bereits eingeführte und in der Entwicklung befindliche Bildgebungsverfahren werden in Zusammenhang mit herkömmlichen RFPs, mit im langwelligen Rot fluoreszierenden Proteinen, RFPs mit einer großen Stokes‐Verschiebung, fluoreszierenden Schaltuhren, irreversibel lichtaktivierbaren und reversibel mit Licht schaltbaren RFPs besprochen. Vorteile und Grenzen spezifischer RFPs werden für jedes Verfahren aufgezeigt. Aktuelle Fortschritte beim Verständnis der chemischen Umwandlungen roter Chromophore geben einen Ausblick auf künftige RFP‐Phänotypen und die damit jeweils möglichen neuen Abbildungsverfahren.
Ocular Anatomy and Retinal Photoreceptors in a Skink, the Sleepy Lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)
Authors: New Shaun T.D. , Hemmi Jan M. , Kerr Gregory D. , Bull C. Michael
Published: July 2012

The Australian sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) is a large day‐active skink which occupies stable overlapping home ranges and maintains long‐term monogamous relationships. Its behavioral ecology has been extensively studied, making the sleepy lizard an ideal model for investigation of the lizard visual system and its specializations, for which relatively little is known. We examine the morphology, density, and distribution of retinal photoreceptors and describe the anatomy of the sleepy lizard eye. The sleepy lizard retina is composed solely of photoreceptors containing oil droplets, a characteristic of cones. Two groups could be distinguished; single cones and double cones, consistent with morphological descriptions of photoreceptors in other diurnal lizards. Although all photoreceptors were cone‐like in morphology, a subset of photoreceptors displayed immunoreactivity to rhodopsin—the visual pigment of rods. This finding suggests that while the morphological properties of rod photoreceptors have been lost, photopigment protein composition has been conserved during evolutionary history. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Determines Motor Neuron Number? Slow Scaling of Facial Motor Neuron Numbers With Body Mass in Marsupials and Primates
Authors: Watson Charles , Provis Jan , Herculano‐Houzel Suzana
Published: July 2012

How does the number of motor neurons in the brain correlate with the muscle mass to be controlled in the body? Numbers of motor neurons are known to be adjusted during development by cell death, but the change in the percentage of surviving motor neurons in response to experimental changes in target muscle mass is relatively small. Here we address the quantitative matching between final numbers of motor neurons in the facial nucleus and body mass (which we use as a proxy for the muscle mass). In 22 marsupial species, we found that the number of facial motor neurons is strongly correlated with body mass, and scales across species as a power function of body mass with a very small exponent of 0.184, which is close to the exponent found in primates from previously published data. With such an exponent, doubling the body mass is accompanied by a modest increase of only 14% in numbers of facial motor neurons, while halving body mass results in a decrease of only 12%. These numbers are remarkably similar to the 15–20% increase or 8% decrease in the number of spinal cord motor neurons that results from experimental or natural doubling or reducing by half the target muscle field of birds and amphibians. The scaling rule presented here might thus account for the quantitative matching of motor neurons to their target muscle mass in evolution. With this small scaling exponent, our data also raise the possibility that larger animals will have larger motor units. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulse Radiolytic Investigation of the Radiation‐Induced Cationic Primary Processes in Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Brede O. , Bös J. , Mehnert R.
Published: July 2012

By nanosecond pulse radiolysis with optical detection the observable transients measured in pure carbon tetrachloride were identified as the radical cation CCl4·+, an ion‐pair neutralization complex [CCl4·+ ··· Cl−] and an anion Cl2−. If aromatic scavengers Ar were added donor‐acceptor complexes of the type [Cl ← Ar] and aromatic radical cations Ar·+ were observed and kinetically characterized. — A step‐wise charge transfer from CCl4·+ to alkanes and further to aromatics was used to derive information on the nature of an existing primary positive charge carrier which probably has the structure of an excited radical cation CCl4·+*. Based on these observations an overall reaction mechanism describing the radiation‐induced processes of cationic origin in the carbon tetrachloride/scavenger system was formulated.
Energy Transfer in Micellar Systems. Fluorescence Investigation of Energy Transfer from Dialkylalloxazine to Dye Cations in the Presence of Anionic Micelles
Authors: Matsuo Taku , Aso Yasuhiro , Kano Koji
Published: July 2012

The energy transfer from photoexcited 1,3‐dioctylalloxazine (DOA) to dye cations (proflavine, PF+, and acriflavine, AF+) has been investigated in aqueous solutions containing anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, micelles. The energy transfer efficiency smoothly varies with the concentration of SDS above the critical micelle concentration of SDS. The experimental data can be interpreted in terms of the probability of binding both donor and acceptor molecules in the same micelle. The singlet energy of the excited donor at the micelle interior appears to be efficiently delivered to the acceptor cation at the micellar surface by the Förster‐type induced resonance mechanism.
NMR‐Untersuchungen an Lösungen mit Nitroxidradikalkomplexen. III. Komplexe mit Äthanol, Isoamylalkohol, n‐Dekanol, Glykol, Cyclohexanol und Triäthylcarbinol
Authors: Dally E. , Müller‐warmuth W.
Published: July 2012

NMR‐Kontaktverschiebungen, Linienverbreiterungen und Relaxation wurden für einige weitere Alkohole mit einem Nitroxidradikal in Lösungen von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff untersucht. Für primäre Alkohole wurden Hyperfeinkopplungskonstanten der OH‐Protonen zwischen — 1,4 und — 1,5 MHz gefunden, für sekundare Alkohole von — 1,2 MHz und für tertiäre Alkohole von — 0,9 MHz. Eine mögliche Temperaturabhängigkeit der Kopplungskonstanten und die Spindichteverteilung im Alkoholmolekül werden diskutiert. Aus Messungen der Linienbreite und Relaxation bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Frequenzen werden Aussagen über Bewegungsverhalten, Struktur und Lebensdauer der Komplexe abgeleitet. Die Diskussion faßt die Ergebnisse der drei Arbeiten dieser Serie zusammen.
Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen an Silberhalogeniden V: Verdampfung von Silberiodid
Authors: Pittermann Udo , Weil Konrad G.
Published: July 2012

Der Gleichgewichtsdampf über Silberiodid in der Nähe der Schmelztemperatur wurde mit Hilfe der Knudsenzellen‐Massenspektrometrie untersucht. Die experimentellen Bedingungen waren so gewählt, daß sie dem niedrigen Verdampfungskoeffizienten von Silberiodid Rechnung trugen. Die Partialdrücke und Sublimationsenthalpien der Hauptkomponenten des Dampfes wurden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Autoren im Hinblick auf die Gleichgewichtseinstellung verglichen.
Self‐assembling Behavior of Single‐chain Amphiphiles with the Biphenyl Moiety in Dilute Aqueous Solution
Authors: Okahata Yoshio , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: July 2012

A series of single‐chain amphiphiles which contain the biphenyl moiety and the dodecyl tail as the hydrophobic group were synthesized. The hydrophilic head group was either cationic (ammonium), anionic (phosphate), nonionic (polyoxyethylene) or zwitterionic (aminimide). These amphiphiles possessed the cmc values of 10−5 − 10−6 M, and their aggregate weight as estimated by laser light scattering was 5 – 190 million daltons. The molecular movement was highly restricted in these aqueous aggregates as inferred from 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Electron microscopy showed that spherical particles with diameter of at least 300 Å are formed from the ammonium and zwitterionic amphiphiles. The bilayer structure was not necessarily seen in these cases. In contrast, the well‐developed bilayer was formed with the anionic and nonionic amphiphiles (flattened vesicles and lamellae). Cholesterol was readily incorporated into these aggregates and the resulting aggregates gave rather different morphologies.
Ermittlung der thermodynamischen Mischungsfunktionen von PbCl2LiClKCl‐Schmelzen auf Grund von EMK‐Messungen
Authors: Vytlacil R. , Neckel A.
Published: July 2012

Unter Verwendung der Bildungszelle

wurden EMK‐Werte bei sechs Temperaturen zwischen 873 K und 1123 K im gesamten Konzentrationsbereich des Dreistoffsystems PbCl2  LiCl  KCl gemessen. Die auf Grund der Messungen berechneten partiellen molaren freien Exzeßenthalpien GE von Bleichlorid wurden mit Hilfe des Redlich‐Kister‐Ansatzes für thermodynamische Exzeßfunktionen ausgeglichen. Aus den so erhaltenen Redlich‐Kister‐Parametern wurden die partiellen molaren freien Exzeßenthalpien der beiden anderen Komponenten im ternären System bestimmt und aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Parameter die integralen und partiellen molaren Mischungswärmen und Exzeßentropien berechnet. Der Ausgleich der experimentell erhaltenen Werte für die partiellen molaren freien Exzeßenthalpien GE im Dreistoffsystem liefert auch Redlich‐Kister‐Parameter für das experimentell schwer erfaßbare Zweistoffsystem LiClKCl und ermöglicht somit die Berechnung der thermodynamischen Exzeßfunktionen für dieses System. Die erhaltenen Daten werden mit Werten verglichen, die in ähnlicher Weise aus einer Untersuchung des Dreistoffsystems AgClLiClKCl erhalten worden waren.
Electrostatic Properties of Ionic Micelles in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Frahm Jens , Diekmann Stephan , Haase Axel
Published: July 2012

Electrostatic surface potentials of micelles of sodium salts of decyl‐, dodecyl‐, tetradecyl‐, and hexadecylsulfate were measured in aqueous solutions in the presence of various concentrations of NaClO4. From the surface potentials, the surface charge and diffuse double layer properties of the micelles were calculated by means of a modified non‐linearized Poisson‐Boltzmann equation [1]. With known values for the mean aggregation number the dissociation constants of the micelles were obtained. The effects of different counterions such as lithium, sodium, and caesium salts of dodecylsulfate were considered. For sodiumdodecylsulfate a decrease of the free monomer concentration for surfactant concentrations above the cmc was calculated.