bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Cues in the Judgment of Music Emotion for Normal and Cochlear Implant Listeners
Authors: Pathre Tanmayee , Marozeau Jeremy
Published: April 2023

Several studies have established that Cochlear implant (CI) listeners rely on the tempo of music to judge the emotional content of music. However, a re-analysis of a study in which CI listeners judged the emotion conveyed by piano pieces on a scale from happy to sad revealed a weak correlation between tempo and emotion. The present study explored which temporal cues in music influence emotion judgments among normal hearing (NH) listeners, which might provide insights into the cues utilized by CI listeners. Experiment 1 was a replication of the Vannson et al. study with NH listeners using rhythmic patterns of piano created with congas. The temporal cues were preserved while the tonal ones were removed. The results showed (i) tempo was weakly correlated with emotion judgments, (ii) NH listeners’ judgments for congas were similar to CI listeners’ judgments for piano. In Experiment 2, two tasks were administered with congas played at three different tempi: emotion judgment and a tapping task to record listeners’ perceived tempo. Perceived tempo was a better predictor than the tempo, but its physical correlate, mean onset-to-onset difference (MOOD), a measure of the average time between notes, yielded higher correlations with NH listeners’ emotion judgments. This result suggests that instead of the tempo, listeners rely on the average time between consecutive notes to judge the emotional content of music. CI listeners could utilize this cue to judge the emotional content of music.
Delineating functional regions from road networks: The case of South Korea
Authors: Ou Yifu , Kim Euijune , Liu Xingjian , Nam Kyung-Min
Published: April 2023

We apply a percolation method to South Korea’s road networks and identify major urban clusters. The results show that Korea has developed a highly mono-centric spatial structure, in which the Seoul Metropolitan Area expands to northern Chungnam, far beyond the limits conventionally assumed. A percolation threshold of 1080 m is critical in delineating Korea’s functional regions, and the results at this threshold show great similarity to flow-based maps. Similar model outputs support the percolation approach as an alternative to conventional flow-based methods. The similarity is higher for larger clusters, where the supply of road infrastructure better meets demand thanks to size-biased public resource allocation. Also, the similarity between model outputs tends to increase with a time lag, since road network configurations take time to catch up with the demand revealed in traffic flows. These findings speak for the need for increased connectivity in Korea’s smaller cities.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals that Bacillomycin D-C16 induces multiple pathways of disease resistance in cherry tomato
Authors: Xue Yingying , Sun Jing , Lu Fengxia , Bie Xiaomei , Li Yuanhong , Lu Yingjian , Lu Zhaoxin , Lin Fuxing
Published: April 2023

Background

Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato against pathogens; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, the effect of Bacillomycin D-C16 on induction of disease resistance in cherry tomato was investigated using a transcriptomic analysis.

Results

Transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of obvious enrichment pathways. Bacillomycin D-C16 induced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways and activated the synthesis of defense-related metabolites including phenolic acids and lignin. Moreover, Bacillomycin D-C16 triggered a defense response through both hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interactions pathways, and increased the transcription of several transcription factors (e.g., AP2/ERF, WRKY and MYB). These transcription factors might contribute to the further activated the expression of defense-related genes (PR1, PR10 and CHI) and stimulated the accumulation of H2O2.

Conclusion

Bacillomycin D-C16 can induce resistance in cherry tomato by activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone signal transduction pathway and plant-pathogen interactions pathway, thus activating comprehensive defense reaction against pathogen invasion. These results provided a new insight into the bio-preservation of cherry tomato by the Bacillomycin D-C16.
Protective effect of resveratrol on mitochondrial biogenesis during hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal pups
Authors: Yang Menghan , Shen Yunchuan , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Rong , Dong Wenbin , Lei Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Background

Neonatal hyperoxic brain injury is caused by exposure to hyperphysiological oxygen content during the period of incomplete development of the oxidative stress defence system, resulting in a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing damage to brain tissue. Mitochondrial biogenesis refers to the synthesis of new mitochondria from existing mitochondria, mostly through the PGC-1α/Nrfs/TFAM signalling pathway. Resveratrol (Res), a silencing information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) agonist, has been shown to upregulate the level of Sirt1 and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). We speculate that Res has a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced brain injury through mitochondrial biogenesis.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley (SD) pups were randomly divided into the nonhyperoxia (NN) group, the nonhyperoxia with dimethyl sulfoxide (ND) group, the nonhyperoxia with Res (NR) group, the hyperoxia (HN) group, the hyperoxia with dimethyl sulfoxide (HD) group, and the hyperoxia with Res (HR) group within 12 h after birth. The HN, HD, and HR groups were placed in a high-oxygen environment (80‒85%), and the other three groups were placed in the standard atmosphere. The NR and HR groups were given 60 mg/kg Res every day, the ND and HD groups were given the same dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) every day, and the NN and HN groups were given the same dose of normal saline every day. On postnatal day (PN) 1, PN7, and PN14, brain samples were acquired for HE staining to assess pathology, TUNEL to detect apoptosis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting to detect the expression levels of Sirt1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in brain tissue.

Results

Hyperoxia induced brain tissue injury; increased brain tissue apoptosis; inhibited Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, TFAM mRNA expression in mitochondria; diminished the ND1 copy number and ND4/ND1 ratio; and decreased Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, and TFAM protein levels in the brain. In contrast, Res reduced brain injury and attenuated brain tissue apoptosis in neonatal pups and increased the levels of the corresponding indices.

Conclusion

Res has a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal SD pups by upregulating Sirt1 and stimulating the PGC-1α/Nrfs/TFAM signalling pathway for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Overexpression of a WRKY transcription factor McWRKY57-like from Mentha canadensis L. enhances drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhang Ting , Zheng Xiaowei , Li Bingxuan , Qi Xiwu , Xu Yu , Li Li , Liang Chengyuan
Published: April 2023

Background

Drought has become a major environmental problem affecting crop production. Members of the WRKY family play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, their roles in mint have been barely explored.

Results

In this study, we isolated a drought-inducible geneMcWRKY57-likefrom mint and investigated its function. The gene encodes a group IIc WRKY transcription factor, McWRKY57-like, which is a nuclear protein with a highly conserved WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc-finger structure, and has transcription factor activity. Its expression levels were examined in different tissues of mint and under the treatment of mannitol, NaCl, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate. We found thatMcWRKY57-likeoverexpression in Arabidopsis significantly increased drought tolerance. Further studies showed that under drought stress,McWRKY57-like-overexpressing plants had higher chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents but lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde content than wild-type plants. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were enhanced inMcWRKY57-liketransgenic plants. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the drought-related genesAtRD29A,AtRD29B,AtRD20,AtRAB18,AtCOR15A,AtCOR15B,AtKIN2, andAtDREB1Awere upregulated inMcWRKY57-liketransgenic plants than in wild-type Arabidopsis under simulated drought conditions.

Conclusion

These data demonstrated thatMcWRKY57-likeconferred drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating plant growth, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of stress-related genes. The study indicates thatMcWRKY57-likeplays a positive role in drought response in plants.
A comparative study of mortality differences and associated characteristics among elderly and young adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in India
Authors: Mittal Kartik , Dhar Minakshi , Pathania Monika , Jha Dipesh , Saxena Vartika
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Studies have shown that elderly have been disproportionately impacted by COVID pandemic. They have more comorbidities, lower pulmonary reserve, greater risk of complications, more significant resource utilization, and bias towards receiving lower-quality treatment.

Objectives

This research aims to determine the characteristics of those who died inhospital due to COVID illness, and to compare these factors between elderly and young adults.

Methods

We conducted a large retrospective study at a government run center in Rishikesh, India, from 1st May 2020 till 31st May 2021, and divided study population into adults (aged 18 to 60 years) and elderly (aged 60 years). We evaluated and compared our data for presenting symptoms, vitals, risk factors, comorbidities, length of stay, level of care required, and inhospital complications. Long-term mortality was determined using telephonic follow-up six months after discharge.

Results

Analysis showed that elderly had 2.51 more odds of dying inhospital compared to younger adults with COVID. Presenting symptoms were different for elderly COVID patients. The utilization of ventilatory support was higher for elderly patients. Inhospital complications revealed similar profile of complications, however, kidney injury was much higher in elderly who died, while younger adults had more Acute Respiratory Distress. Regression analysis showed that model containing cough and low oxygen saturation on admission, hypertension, Hospital Acquired Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and shock, predicted inhospital mortality.

Conclusion

Our Study determined characteristics of inhospital and long-term mortality in elderly COVID patients and compared them from adults, to help better triaging and policy making in future.
Prevalence and predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment among stroke survivors in Uganda
Authors: Kaddumukasa Martin N. , Kaddumukasa Mark , Katabira Elly , Sewankambo Nelson , Namujju Lillian D. , Goldstein Larry B.
Published: April 2023

Background

Little is known about the characteristics and determinants of post-stroke cognitive impairment in residents of low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies, patterns, and risk factors for cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional study of consecutive stroke patients cared for at Uganda’s Mulago Hospital, located in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

131 patients were enrolled a minimum of 3-months after hospital admission for stroke. A questionnaire, clinical examination findings, and laboratory test results were used to collect demographic information and data on vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics. Independent predictor variables associated with cognitive impairment were ascertained. Stroke impairments, disability, and handicap were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and modified Rankin scale (mRS), respectively. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess participants’ cognitive function. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with cognitive impairment.

Results

The overall mean MoCA score was 11.7-points (range 0.0–28.0-points) for 128 patients with available data of whom 66.4% were categorized as cognitively impaired (MoCA < 19-points). Increasing age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07; p = 0.026), low level of education (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.25–8.33; p = 0.016), functional handicap (mRS 3–5; OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.28–2.63; p < 0.001) and high LDL cholesterol (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.14–6.56; p = 0.024) were independently associated with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the high burden and need for awareness of cognitive impairment in post stroke populations in the sub-Saharan region and serve to emphasize the importance of detailed cognitive assessment as part of routine clinical evaluation of patients who have had a stroke.
The impact of mode of delivery on parent-infant-bonding and the mediating role of birth experience: a comparison of mothers and fathers within the longitudinal cohort study DREAM
Authors: Döblin Svenja , Seefeld Lara , Weise Victoria , Kopp Marie , Knappe Susanne , Asselmann Eva , Martini Julia , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: April 2023

Background

The association between mode of delivery (MOD) and parent-infant-bonding has only been studied in mothers and findings have been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how MOD relates to postpartum parent-infant-bonding in both mothers and fathers and whether these associations are mediated by birth experience.

Methods

This study is part of the prospective cohort study “Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health” (DREAM). Our sample comprised N = 1,780 participants who completed quantitative questionnaires during pregnancy as well as 8 weeks and 14 months postpartum. MOD was dummy coded, contrasting spontaneous vaginal delivery against vaginal delivery induced by drugs, operative vaginal delivery, planned, and unplanned cesarean section. Parent-infant bonding and birth experience were assessed using validated scales. A moderated mediation analysis based on ordinary least square (OLS) regression and bootstrapped estimates was conducted, considering relevant confounding variables.

Results

Compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery, all categories of MOD predicted more negative birth experiences in both parents. A more positive birth experience predicted stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks, but not at 14 months postpartum. Mothers who delivered via cesarean section (planned or unplanned) reported stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks and 14 months postpartum. In fathers, only unplanned cesarean section was associated with stronger parent-infant-bonding at 8 weeks postpartum. At 8 weeks postpartum, birth experience mediated the association between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs and a planned cesarean section and mother-infant-bonding and between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs, an operative vaginal delivery, and planned cesarean section and father-infant-bonding. At 14 months postpartum, birth experience mediated the association between a vaginal delivery induced by drugs, operative vaginal delivery, and planned cesarean section and parent-infant-bonding in both parents.

Conclusions

The results emphasize the importance of the birth experience for parent-infant-bonding in both mothers and fathers. Further research should address the mechanisms by which parents with an unplanned cesarean section establish stronger parent-infant-bonding compared to parents whose baby was delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery, despite their overall more negative birth experiences.
A phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SHINE): a single arm clinical trial protocol
Authors: Lee Justin , Nguyen Nhu Tram , Wright James , Yeung Ka-Kit David , Sagar Stephen , Kim Do-Hoon , Ostapiak Orest , Doerwald-Munoz Lilian , Whelan Timothy
Published: April 2023

Background

Cancers of the head and neck region are often characterized by locally advanced, non-metastatic disease. Standard treatments for advanced cervico-facial cancers of the skin or primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include combinations of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which are associated with high rates of acute toxicity and complications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been shown to be a promising modality of treatment for this patient population in retrospective studies; to our knowledge, there are no prospective clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of SBRT in these patients.

Methods

This phase 2, single institution, single arm study aims to evaluate response rates to SBRT in older age patients with locally advanced HNSCC for whom primary surgery is not recommended or performed. The intervention is SBRT 45 Gy in 5 fractions given every 3–4 days. Toxicity, quality of life and patient outcomes will be recorded regularly up to 24 months after completion of SBRT.

Discussion

For this patient population, SBRT may offer a shorter and more effective treatment than the current standard of care palliative regimens. If the study demonstrates that SBRT is safe and effective, then this may lead to randomized studies comparing conventional radiotherapy to SBRT for selected head and neck cancer patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04435938.  Date registered: June 17, 2020.
Altered expression of anti-apoptotic protein Api5 affects breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Kuttanamkuzhi Abhijith , Panda Debiprasad , Malaviya Radhika , Gaidhani Gautami , Lahiri Mayurika
Published: April 2023

Background

Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and, therefore, is a tightly regulated process. Deregulation of apoptosis signalling can favour carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibitor 5 (Api5), an inhibitor of apoptosis, is upregulated in cancers. Interestingly, Api5 is shown to regulate both apoptosis and cell proliferation. To address the precise functional significance of Api5 in carcinogenesis here we investigate the role of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis.

Methods

Initially, we carried out in silico analyses using TCGA and GENT2 datasets to understand expression pattern of API5 in breast cancer patients followed by investigating the protein expression in Indian breast cancer patient samples. To investigate the functional importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis, we utilised MCF10A 3D breast acinar cultures and spheroid cultures of malignant breast cells with altered Api5 expression. Various phenotypic and molecular changes induced by altered Api5 expression were studied using these 3D culture models. Furthermore, in vivo tumorigenicity studies were used to confirm the importance of Api5 in breast carcinogenesis.

Results

In-silicoanalysis revealed elevated levels of Api5 transcript in breast cancer patients which correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of Api5 in non-tumorigenic breast acinar cultures resulted in increased proliferation and cells exhibited a partial EMT-like phenotype with higher migratory potential and disruption in cell polarity. Furthermore, during acini development, the influence of Api5 is mediated via the combined action of FGF2 activated PDK1-Akt/cMYC signalling and Ras-ERK pathways. Conversely, Api5 knock-down downregulated FGF2 signalling leading to reduced proliferation and diminished in vivo tumorigenic potential of the breast cancer cells.

Conclusion

Taken together, our study identifies Api5 as a central player involved in regulating multiple events during breast carcinogenesis including proliferation, and apoptosis through deregulation of FGF2 signalling pathway.
The extent of energy drink marketing on Canadian social media
Authors: Ayoub Chanelle , Pritchard Meghan , Bagnato Mariangela , Remedios Lauren , Potvin Kent Monique
Published: April 2023

Background

Caffeinated energy drink (CED) consumption among children and adolescents is a growing global public health concern due to its potential to produce adverse effects. CED marketing viewed by children and adolescents contributes to this problem as it increases consumption and favourable attitudes towards these high-caffeine and high-sugar products. This study aimed to describe the social media marketing of CEDs by estimating the frequency of user-generated and company-generated CED marketing and analyzing the marketing techniques used by Canadian CED brands on social media.

Methods

CED products and brands were identified using the list of CEDs that received a Temporary Marketing Authorization from Health Canada in June 2021. The data on the frequency, reach and engagement of CED-related posts created by users and Canadian CED brands on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and YouTube were licensed from Brandwatch for 2020–2021. A content analysis was conducted to assess the marketing techniques used in Canadian CED company-generated posts using a coding manual.

Results

A total of 72 Canadian CED products were identified. Overall, there were 222,119 user-level mentions of CED products in total and the mentions reached an estimated total of 351,707,901 users across platforms. The most popular product accounted for 64.8% of the total user-level mentions. Canadian social media company-owned accounts were found for 27 CED brands. Two CED brands posted the most frequently on Twitter and accounted for the greatest reach, together making up 73.9% of the total company-level posts and reaching 62.5% of the total users in 2020. On Instagram/Facebook, the most popular brand accounted for 23.5% of the company-level posts and 81.3% of the reach between July and September 2021. The most popular marketing techniques used by Canadian CED brands were the use of viral marketing strategies (82.3% of Twitter posts and 92.5% of Instagram/Facebook posts) and the presence of teen themes (73.2% of Twitter posts and 39.4% of Instagram/Facebook posts).

Conclusion

CED companies are extensively promoting their products across social media platforms using viral marketing strategies and themes that may appeal to adolescents. These findings may inform CED regulatory decision-making. Continued monitoring is warranted.
Pregnancy intentions of young women in Canada in the era of climate change: a qualitative auto-photography study
Authors: Smith Danielle M. , Sales Javier , Williams Aleyah , Munro Sarah
Published: April 2023

Background

Climate change poses a global health risk through consequences such as sea level rise, wildfires, and increased air pollution. Children born today and in the future may be disproportionately affected by climate change. As a result, many young adults are rethinking having children. The impacts of the climate crisis on the decision-making of parents is an understudied area of research. This study aims to be one of the first to explore how climate change impacts the pregnancy intentions of young women in Canada and their perspectives towards childbearing.

Methods

We conducted auto-photography and qualitative interviews. Participants were recruited using social media, and were aged 18–25, nulliparous, assigned female at birth, and were either current or previous residents of British Columbia, Canada. We asked participants to take photos that responded to the question, “Show us how climate change impacts your decision to have a family,” then complete a virtual, one-on-one interview during which photo-elicitation was employed to guide conversation about participants’ decision-making related to childbearing and climate change. We subjected all transcribed interviews to qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

We conducted in-depth interviews with seven participants who discussed a total of 33 photographs. Analysis of participants’ interviews and photographs identified themes of eco-anxiety, hesitancy towards having children, sense of loss, and a desire for systemic change. Participants experienced anxiety, grief, and loss when faced with thoughts of change associated with their environments. Climate change impacted all but two participants’ childbearing decision making, which was found to be interrelated with social-environmental factors, such as cost of living.

Conclusion

We aimed to identify the ways in which climate change may impact youth decisions to have a family. Further research on this topic is needed to understand the prevalence of this phenomenon, and to build such considerations into climate action policy and family planning tools used among young people.
Surgical treatment of carpometacarpal thumb arthritis with trapeziectomy and intra-tendon (FCR) suspension with one-loop APL: comparative cohort study
Authors: Passiatore Marco , Taccardo Giuseppe , Cilli Vitale , Rovere Giuseppe , Liuzza Francesco , Pannuto Lucia , De Vitis Rocco
Published: April 2023

Background

One of the current choices of treatment for Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint arthritis is trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty. The Ceruso’s technique consists of complete trapezial excision and abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon suspension. The APL tendon is tied to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon with two loops, one around it and one inside, and then used as interposition tissue. The purpose of the present study was to compare two different techniques of a trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty using the Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL) tendon, which is only Once Looped Around (OLA) versus Once Looped Inside (OLI) the Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) tendon.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective study (Level of evidence: III) has been conducted on sixty-seven patients older than 55 years (33 OLI, 35 OLA), assessing clinical outcomes for at least 2 years of post-surgery follow-up. The outcomes were to assess and compare surgical outcomes comparing the two groups, in terms of subjective and objective evaluation for both groups at the last follow-up (primary outcome), and at the intermediate follow-ups (three and six months). Complications were also assessed.

Results

The authors found an improvement in pain, range of motion, and function, with equivalent results for both techniques. No subsidence was observed. FCR tendinitis was significantly reduced with OLI, as well as the need of post-operative physiotherapy.

Conclusions

The one-loop technique allows for reduced surgical exposure, providing excellent suspension and clinical outcomes. Intra FCR loop should be preferred to improve post-surgical recovery.

Level of evidence

Level III study. This is a retrospective cohort study (written according to STROBE guidelines).
Serum lactate dehydrogenase level predicts the prognosis in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Gu Shuo , Yang Chao
Published: April 2023

Background

Recently, several studies investigated the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma. However, no studies explored the role of serum LDH level in the survival of overall bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we intended to address the association of LDH level with the prognosis of BC.

Methods

206 patients with BC were included in this study. The clinical data and blood samples of patients were collected. The overall survival and progression-free survival were used. Kaplan–Meier method and Log rank test were used to evaluate the effects of LDH level on the survival of BC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to identify prognosis predictors of BC.

Results

Data indicated that serum LDH level in the BC patients was significantly higher than those in controls. In addition, this study suggested that serum LDH level was associated with T stage, N stage, tumor size, M stage, pathological type, and lymphovascular invasion. The Kaplan–Meier analysis found significant differences in the OS and PFS rate between lower and higher serum LDH level groups (LDH ≥ 225 U/L and < 225 U/L). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that pathological type, T2–3, and higher level of LDH were independently associated with adverse prognosis in BC patients.

Conclusion

The higher serum LDH level (≥ 225 U/L) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with BC. Serum LDH level could be used as a novel predictive biomarker for BC patients.
Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption considerations of root-filled teeth vs vital pulp teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Danning , Xue Kun , Meng Jiayuan , Hu Meijing , Bi Fei , Tan Xuelian
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this systematic review was to research the difference between root-filled teeth (RFT) and vital pulp teeth (VPT) in orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR) and to offer suggestions for clinicians on therapeutic sequence and timing when considering combined treatment of endodontic and orthodontic.

Materials and methods

An electronic search of published studies was conducted before November 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. Eligibility criteria were based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Single-factor meta-regression analysis was used to explore the sources of literature heterogeneity, and a random effects model was used for analysis.

Results

This meta-analysis comprised 8 studies with 10 sets of data. As there was significant heterogeneity among the studies, we employed a random effects model. The funnel plot of the random effects model exhibited a symmetrical distribution, indicating no publication bias among the included studies. The EARR rate of RFT was significantly lower than that of VPT.

Conclusions

In the context of concurrent endodontic and orthodontic treatment, priority should be given to endodontic therapy, as it serves as the foundation for subsequent orthodontic procedures. The optimal timing for orthodontic tooth movement post-root canal therapy is contingent upon factors such as the extent of periapical lesion resolution and the degree of dental trauma sustained. A comprehensive clinical assessment is essential in guiding the selection of the most suitable approach for achieving optimal treatment outcomes.
Disparities and barriers of health facility delivery following optimal and suboptimal pregnancy care in Nigeria: evidence of home births from cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Oyedele Oyewole K.
Published: April 2023

Background

Despite uptake of antenatal care (ANC), 70% of global burden of maternal and child mortality is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, due to persistent home delivery. Thus, this study investigated the disparity and barriers to health facility delivery and the predictors of home delivery following optimal and suboptimal uptake of ANC in Nigeria.

Methodology

A secondary analysis of 34882 data from 3 waves of cross-sectional surveys (2008–2018 NDHS). Home delivery is the outcome while explanatory variables were classified as socio-demographics, obstetrics, and autonomous factors. Descriptive statistics (bar chart) reported frequencies and percentages of categorical data, median (interquartile range) summarized the non-normal count data. Bivariate chi-square test assessed relationship at 10% cutoff point (p < 0.10) and median test examined differences in medians of the non-normal data in two groups. Multivariable logistic regression (Coeff plot) evaluated the likelihood and significance of the predictors at p < 0.05.

Results

46.2% of women had home delivery after ANC. Only 5.8% of women with suboptimal ANC compared to the 48.0% with optimal ANC had facility delivery and the disparity was significant (p < 0.001). Older maternal age, SBA use, joint health decision making and ANC in a health facility are associated with facility delivery. About 75% of health facility barriers are due to high cost, long distance, poor service, and misconceptions. Women with any form of obstacle utilizing health facility are less likely to receive ANC in a health facility. Problem getting permission to seek for medical help (aOR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.20–2.59) and religion (aOR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.05–1.93) positively influence home delivery after suboptimal ANC while undesired pregnancy (aOR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.01–1.60) positively influence home delivery after optimal ANC. Delayed initiation of ANC (aOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02–1.39) is associated with home delivery after any ANC.

Conclusions

About half of women had home delivery after ANC. Hence disparity exist between suboptimal and optimal ANC attendees in institutional delivery. Religion, unwanted pregnancy, and women autonomy problem raise the likelihood of home delivery. Four-fifth of health facility barriers can be eradicated by optimizing maternity package with health education and improved quality service that expand focus ANC to capture women with limited access to health facility.
Mellitin peptide quantification in seasonally collected crude bee venom and its anticancer effects on myelogenous K562 human leukaemia cell line
Authors: Obeidat Maher , Al-khraisat Ihab F. , Jaradat Da’san M. M. , Ghanim Bayan Y. , Abdallah Qasem M. , Arqoub Duaa Abu , Sabbah Duaa , Al-Sanabra Ola M. , Arafat Tawfiq , Qinna Nidal A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Apitherapy is an emerging field in cancer research, particularly in developing communities. The potency of Melittin (MEL), a major constituent in bee venom is accounted for the cytotoxic capacity against cancer cells. It is postulated that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection influences its specific activity against certain types of cancer.

Method

Hereby, Jordanian crude bee venom (JCBV) was collected during different seasons of the year, specifically spring, summer and autumn and investigated for in vitro antitumour effects. Venom collected during springtime comprised the highest quantity of MEL in comparison to venom collected some other time. Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL were tested on an immortal myelogenous leukaemia cell line, namely K562 leukemic cells. Treated cells were examined for cell modality via flow cytometry analysis and cell death mediating gene expressions.

Results

Springtime-collected JCBV extract and MEL showed an IC50 of 3.7 ± 0.37 μg/ml and 1.84 ± 0.75 μg/ml, respectively. In comparison to JCBV and positive control, MEL-treated cells exhibited late apoptotic death with a moderate cellular arrest at G0/G1 and an increase of cell number at G2/M phase. Expression of NF-κB/MAPK14 axis was inhibited in MEL and JCBV-treated cells, as well as expression of c-MYC and CDK4. Moreover, marked upregulation in ABL1, JUN and TNF was observed. In conclusion, springtime-collected JCBV showed the highest content of MEL while both JCBV and pure MEL showed apoptotic, necrotic, and cell cycle arrest efficiency against K562 leukemic cells.

Conclusion

Integration of bee venom in chemotherapy needs more investigation and should be carefully translated into clinical use. During such translation, the correlation of bee genotype, collection time and concentration of MEL in CBV should be profiled.
Safe acceptance in the nurses’ cultural care of medical tourists in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Hamzehpour Hero , Ashktorab Tahereh , Esmaeili Maryam
Published: April 2023

Background

Medical tourism is traveling to another country to promote, restore and maintain health, recreation, and pleasure. There are different types of health tourism, including medical tourism, recovery tourism, and preventive tourism. This study aimed to explain safe acceptance in the nurses’ cultural care of medical tourists in Iran.

Methods

In this qualitative study, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses, patients, and patients’ relatives, who had been selected by purposeful sampling in 2021–2022. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed by conventional content analysis.

Results

The statistical analysis revealed that the main theme of this study was safe acceptance which included the five categories of trust building, safety, maintaining comfort and peace, stress control, and identifying patients’ expectations.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that safe acceptance of cultural care was essential to medical tourism. Iranian nurses were aware of the factors that affected cultural care and the safe acceptance of medical tourists. Moreover, they carried out the necessary measures to achieve safe acceptance. In this regard, solutions such as developing a comprehensive and mandatory national qualification program and evaluating its periodic performance in this field are suggested.
People powered research: what do communities identify as important for happy and healthy children and young people? A multi-disciplinary community research priority setting exercise in the City of Bradford, United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: Cartwright Christopher , Rahman Aamnah , Islam Shahid , Lockyer Bridget , Roper Euroline , Worcester Meegan , Zarate Melany , McEachan Rosemary ,   on behalf of the Happy and Healthy Children Steering Group, Amini Nadera , Hammard Ruby , Horner Peter , Iqbal Halima
Published: April 2023

Background

Involving communities in research priority setting can increase the relevance and efficiency of research, leading to better health outcomes. However these exercises often lack clarity in how communities are involved and the extent to which priorities are acted upon is unclear. Seldom-heard groups, for example ethnic minorities may experience barriers to participation. We report methods and outcomes of an inclusive co-produced community research priority setting exercise within the multicultural and deprived city of Bradford, UK. The aim was to identify priorities for keeping children happy and healthy and was undertaken by the Born in Bradford (BiB) research programme to inform future research agendas.

Methods

A 12 member multi-disciplinary, multi-ethnic community steering group led the process using a modified James Lind Alliance approach between December 2018-March 2020. Research priorities were collected through a widely distributed paper and online survey. Respondents were asked to list three important things to keep children i) happy, ii) healthy and what needs to change to improve either health or happiness. Free text data were coded iteratively by community researchers, and shared priorities were co-produced in a series of workshops and meetings with the community steering group and community members.

Results

Five hundred eighty-eight respondents to the survey identified 5748 priorities, which were coded into 22 themes. These covered a range of individual, social and wider socioeconomic, environmental and cultural priorities. Diet/nutrition and exercise were most commonly identified as important for health, including what needs to change to improve health. For happiness, home life and family relationships, listening to children, and education/activities were the most commonly identified. Community assets were identified as important to change for both health and happiness. From the survey response the steering group developed 27 research questions. There were mapped onto existing and planned research agendas within BiB.

Conclusions

Communities identified both structural and individual factors as important priorities for health and happiness. We demonstrate how communities can be involved in priority setting using a co-productive approach in the hope this can be used as a model for others. The resulting shared research agenda will shape future research to improve the health of families living in Bradford.
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of Roux-en-Y anastomosis and jejunal interposition after total gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Yu-hang , Meng Rui , Zhu Bing , Zhan Qi-qi , Yang Xin , Ding Guan-yi , Jia Chun-liang , Xu Wei-guo
Published: April 2023

Background

To compare the clinical efficacy of two alimentary tract reconstruction methods—“P”-shape jejunal interposition (PJI) and Roux-en-Y anastomosis after total gastrectomy.

Method

The following search phrases were utilized to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Academic Journals Network Full-text Database (CNKI), and Wanfang Database as of April 2022: “gastrectomy,” “Roux-en-Y,” “interposition,” “total gastrectomy,” and “jejunal interposition.” Meta-analysis of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complication rate, and postoperative nutritional status of patients was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

A total of 24 studies and 1887 patients were included in the study. Among patients who received a total gastrectomy, the operation time in the PJI group was substantially longer than that in the Roux-en-Y group (WMD = 19.77, 95% CI: 5.84–33.70, P = 0.005). The incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis in the PJI group was considerably reduced than that in the Roux-en-Y group (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.56, P < 0.01). The probability of postoperative dumping syndrome in the PJI group was significantly lower than that in the Roux-en-Y group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17–0.43, P < 0.01), and the postoperative body mass changes were significantly lower in the PJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group (WMD = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.24–5.64, P < 0.01). The PJI group had substantially higher postoperative hemoglobin, albumin, and total protein levels than the Roux-en-Y group (WMD = 13.94, 95% CI: 7.77–19.20, P < 0.01; WMD = 3.97, 95% CI: 2.58–5.37, P < 0.01; WMD = 5.31, 95% CI: 3.45–7.16, P < 0.01). The prognostic nutritional index was higher in the PJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group (WMD = 9.25, 95% CI: 7.37–11.13, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

PJI is a safe and effective reconstruction method and is superior to Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications and postoperative nutritional recovery in patients after total gastrectomy.
Del-Nido cardioplegia in cardiac surgery for elderly patients: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Gu Wenda , Qing Hongkun , Luo Xiang , Zang Xin , Zhou Kan , Guo Haijiang , Zhou Chengbin , Guo Huiming , Liu Jian
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To compare the safety and efficacy of del-Nido cardioplegia (DNC) with traditional 4:1 cold blood cardioplegia (CBC) in coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgeries in elderly patients.

Methods

The present study is a retrospective case-series study that included 302 consecutive patients aged 70 years and over who underwent on-pump valve surgery and/or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). DNC was administered to 90 patients and CBC to 212 patients. After propensity-score matching, 89 pairs were compared. The safety and efficacy were analyzed between the two groups.

Results

The DNC group had a similar mortality (3.4% vs. 5.6%, OR = 0.79,P = 0.720) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implantation rate (1.1% vs. 2.2%, OR = 0.75,P = 1.000) to the CBC group, a lower incidence of postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) implantation (1.1% vs. 9.0%, OR = 0.54,P = 0.034) and a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at discharge (60 (56–64) % vs. 57 (51–62)%,P = 0.007). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the DNC group was higher when the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (79.4 (65.0-94.3) ml/min/1.73m2vs. 77.2 (59.8–88.7) ml/min/1.73m2,P = 0.014), but no significant differences were identified after 24 h. The serum lactate values of the DNC group were significantly lower than those of the CBC group (0 h: 2.7 (2.0-3.2) vs. 3.2 (2.4–4.4),P = 0.001; 3 h: 3.2 (2.0-4.8) vs. 4.8 (2.8–6.6),P < 0.001; 6 h: 3.5 (2.2–5.4) vs. 5.8 (3.4–8.4),P < 0.001; 9 h: 3.4 (2.0–7.0) vs. 5.5 (2.9–8.3),P = 0.005). There were no differences between the two groups in respect of lactate levels at 12 h and thereafter. Postoperative creatinine kinase-MB concentrations were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Del-Nido cardioplegia is safe and effective in elderly patients undergoing CABG and/or valve surgery.
High-throughput and targeted drug screens identify pharmacological candidates against MiT-translocation renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lang Martin , Schmidt Laura S. , Wilson Kelli M. , Ricketts Christopher J. , Sourbier Carole , Vocke Cathy D. , Wei Darmood , Crooks Daniel R. , Yang Youfeng , Gibbs Benjamin K. , Zhang Xiaohu , Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Chen Lu , Guha Rajarshi , Ferrer Marc , McKnight Crystal , Itkin Zina , Wangsa Darawalee , Wangsa Danny , James Amy , Difilippantonio Simone , Karim Baktir , Morís Francisco , Ried Thomas , Merino Maria J. , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Thomas Craig J. , Linehan W. Marston
Published: April 2023

Background

MiT-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by genomic translocations involving microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiT) family members TFE3, TFEB, or MITF. MiT-RCC represents a specific subtype of sporadic RCC that is predominantly seen in young patients and can present with heterogeneous histological features making diagnosis challenging. Moreover, the disease biology of this aggressive cancer is poorly understood and there is no accepted standard of care therapy for patients with advanced disease. Tumor-derived cell lines have been established from human TFE3-RCC providing useful models for preclinical studies.

Methods

TFE3-RCC tumor derived cell lines and their tissues of origin were characterized by IHC and gene expression analyses. An unbiased high-throughput drug screen was performed to identify novel therapeutic agents for treatment of MiT-RCC. Potential therapeutic candidates were validated in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Mechanistic assays were conducted to confirm the on-target effects of drugs.

Results

The results of a high-throughput small molecule drug screen utilizing three TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines identified five classes of agents with potential pharmacological efficacy, including inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and several additional agents, including the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A. Upregulation of the cell surface marker GPNMB, a specific MiT transcriptional target, was confirmed in TFE3-RCC and evaluated as a therapeutic target using the GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, Mithramycin A, and CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC as single agents or in combination.

Conclusions

The results of the high-throughput drug screen and validation studies in TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines have provided in vitro and in vivo preclinical data supporting the efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A, and GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC. The findings presented here should provide the basis for designing future clinical trials for patients with MiT-driven RCC.