bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Monthly Discharge Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Srikanth Bharthavarapu , A. Geetha Selvarani , Sahoo Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: February 2021

Discharge prediction methods play crucial role in providing early warnings and helping local people and government agencies to prepare well before flood or managing available water for various purposes. The ability to predict future river flows helps people anticipate and plan for upcoming flooding, preventing deaths and decreasing property destruction. Different hydrological models supporting these predictions have different characteristics, driven by available data and the research area. This study applied two different types of Machine learning techniques to the Tikarpara station present in the lower end of the Mahanadi river basin India. The two Machine learning techniques include Multi-layer perception (MLP) and support vector regression (SVR) MLP has shown great deal of accuracy as compared to SVR across the cases used in the study; based on available data and the study area, MLP showed the best applicability, compared to SVR techniques. MLP out performed SVR model with r2 = 0.75 and lowest RMSE = 0.58.MLP can be used as a promising tool for forecasting monthly discharge at the selected station.
Role of Pyridoxine in Alleviating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Brief Review
Authors: Halka Jayachandran , Vidya Nandakumar , Saravanan Krishnagowdu , Arun Muthukrishnan
Published: February 2021

Micronutrients are class of dietary components which are highly essential for the optimal health, growth, and development. These nutrients can overcome birth defects, maternal impairment, and increased risk of death. According to 2017 statistics, around 2 billion people in the developing countries are affected by micronutrient deficiency. There are around 13 essential vitamins which are found in nature. Vitamin B is more important as it plays a vital role in maintaining good health and well-being. Among several existing forms, the native and active form of vitamin B6 is PLP (pyridoxal 5- phosphate). PLP is a co-factor for several biochemical reactions and plays an imperative role in synthesis of amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Vitamin B6 supplementation in RDA showed to be highly health promising in controlling several clinical alignments such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disease, premenstrual syndrome, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, pellagra skin disease, ataxia, hyperacuosis, suppression of colon tumor genesis and hyper irritability. Recently, it has been reported that 43.8% people are suffering from cardiovascular disease followed by stroke (16.8%) and is also expected to reach up to1.1 trillion by the end of 2035. It has been found that vitamin B6 lowers Homocystein in blood, which damages the inner linings of arteries causing blood clots and thereby reducing the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to it humans have to depend on dietary sources of vitamin B6 which are produced by plants, fungi and bacteria. The present review currently focuses on the action of Vitamin B6 in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Structural Health Monitoring Using Iot
Authors: M.P Sureshkumar , G. Vennila
Published: February 2021

In construction industry maintenance should be given utmost importance and focus. For continuous monitoring of maintenance Internet of Things (IoT) can be used. IoT can be used to monitor the structure from anywhere. Structural health monitoring using IoT is the latest technique employed all over the world, especially the buildings exposed to harsh environments. Sensors were used to collect the data from the structure from which we can identify the deterioration and the method to rectify. Cloud computing technique was also employed. A simple signal processing technique helps us to interact with buildings, which was the blessing of IoT.  This paper presents the state of art survey about current research and implementations put into practice.
A Study on the Behaviour of Cold Formed Built - Up Steel Compression Member
Authors: K Thiyagu , R Elanchezhiyan , P Kanaka , N Ganamanikarnika
Published: February 2021

The use of cold-formed thin-walled steel structural members has increased in recent years. Especially, Cold-formed steel columns are widely used in the construction industry due to their lightweight, easy installation, erection and economy. The strength and efficiency of cold-formed steel profiles depends on the cross-sectional shape, which controls the three fundamental buckling modes: local, distortional and global. As most of their sections are open with only one symmetrical axis, they would likely fail by twisting and interacted with the other buckling modes such as local and distortional buckling. In order to improve the ultimate strength of columns, a built-up column section with distinct shape was selected from the detailed study of Literatures and three specimens of thickness 1.6mm were fabricated with different lengths 500mm, 600mm and 700mm. Consequently, buckling behaviour of built up steel members was investigated theoretically with Direct Strength Method (with the help of CuFSM) as well as experimentally and the results were compared with the buckling modes obtained numerically using ANSYS software and it is found that the ultimate load carrying capacity of the column increases with the decrease of slenderness ratio and finally a new innovative and economical column element was presented.
Role of AMPK signaling in Repigmentation- An Insilico study
Authors: M Thenmozhi , A Murugesan , S.T Kumaravel
Published: February 2021

Vitiligo is an epidermal disorder causes depigmented patches resulted from the loss of melanocytes, Autoimmunity hypotheses strongly supports that the immune system compartments responsible in the development of vitiligo. Adenosine MonoPhosphate kinase (AMPK) signaling plays a role in regimentation in vitiligo. In this present study, set of ligands selected to dock against AMPK protein in the AMP binding site using FlexX software. Based on the scores and protein-ligand interactions selected ligands were analyzed for its binding affinity and protein ligand stability for its further drug development process.
Accident Analysis and Safety Measures at Erode City
Authors: G Poovizhi , S Dhinu priya , D Ambika , S Manoj , V Gowrishankar
Published: February 2021

Indian roads have a sizeable amount of accidents happening in them. The transportation problems faced by various nations across the world have increased manifold, necessitating search for methods or alternatives that ensure efficient, safe, feasible and faster means of transport. Government of India is taking many efforts to minimize the road accidents. Amongst all traffic accident, road traffic accident bears largest number of human life and tends to be most serious problem world over. Road accidents are largely predictable and preventable, provided rational analysis and counter measures. The number of accidents in India is increasing rapidly every year due to addition of more number of vehicles on the streets.  This project is to look for few accidental prone spots in our locality and analyze the causes of accidents and try to provide viable solutions for improving the safety in the accidental zones. In this study, the accident zones were taken and a particular spot was selected and suitable measures to control the accidents were suggested.
Eco-Conscious Bricks
Authors: S Vijay , P Ravichandran , J Kaviyarasan , A.C. Shreekayathri , S.K Gowtham
Published: February 2021

The Plastic, a harmful threat to the environment, so we have decided to reduce the usage of plastics by making supplementary changes or recycling methods. Though several recycling techniques had been made in treating the plastic waste, it couldn’t made to owe for 100% reuse or nullify the effect of it. So, we came through the term “Eco-Conscious Bricks” which is made using the plastic waste as a core part is done by referring the project of the plastic roads being utilized in Jamshedpur for about 48 to 50 km. The test sample was made using the moulds and we have observed positive result on compressive test. The strength obtained was 1.2 times that of the normal bricks. And the brick manufactured in this technique yields a good finish and perfect shape with economically cheaper rate than usual.
Network Expansions in Kerala State Rtc
Authors: P Parthiban , Verghese Vincy
Published: February 2021

The cornerstone of any great public transport organization is its expanding network of operations catering the passengers’ demand of all classes of people. Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is in the process of bringing inefficiency within the area of operations in the state and the expansion of its networks is an integral part of achieving it. The network expansion occurs with the introduction of new routes that can coordinate with the existing ones, thereby meeting the passenger demand of the state. The project attempts to recognize the new routes, feasible for the operations of Kerala State Road Transport Corporation. The project extension will be based on the current operational routes of Kerala State Road Transport Corporation and the distinguished potential routes. The project will consist of distinguishing the high-density private routes thereby analysing the nature of commuting in respect of age group, time and purpose of travel. The existing operational concerns will be addressed thereby identifying the routes of operation. Based on the demand assessment, bus operations and the conceivable revenue generations will be articulated
Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study Atnagore
Authors: G Elangovan , V.M Rajanandhini
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this study is to carry out to design of a sewage treatment plant for a Nagore and Nagore district, because it has been one of the developing pilgrimage places. Due to steady increase of increasing population, there will be more generation of domestic and municipal sewage. Sewage produces obnoxious smell which causes disease to all creatures. To avoid this problem, proper treatments is necessary before disposal to land by not throwing sewage directly to natural resources and reuse the treated water that ultimately reduces the overall demand of fresh water. Its objective is to produce an environmental safe fluid waste and solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse. In one day the total sewage generated was estimated 5 MLD considering the projected population of Nagore town for the next 30 years? Consequently this paper focuses on the sewage generation in the Nagore area based on the population and sewage treatment plant is designed accordingly. It is proposed to design the various components of sewage treatment plant considering the various standards and permissible limits of treated sewage water. The various components of sewage treatment plant are screening, grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, biological reactor, secondary clarifier, activated sludge tank and drying beds.
Estimation of Evaporation Loss in Red hills Lake at Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: M Balaguru , S Sankaran , N Ilavarasan
Published: February 2021

Redhills lake, Chennai City’s primary reservoir serves as the primary storage nearly about 40 years old. It receives water from Poondi and Cholavaram reservoir and is the last stop before water transmitted to Kalpak Water Works of Metro water. Generally water storage reservoirs are prone to losses through seepage and evaporation. Seepage generally occurs when the water escapes through the bottom of the reservoir and horizontal filtration through weirs and dykes. Owing to the heat energy of sun, water loss take place by evaporation from the surfaces of lakes, ponds, canals, rivers, reservoirs, etc. Water loss by evaporation is a very serious problem in semiarid and arid regions. Red Hills Lake is of no exception. In this thesis, the evaporation losses in Red hills lake is estimated by Bulk Aerodynamic method and Combined Penman Monteith Model using real time meteorological data for the past 10 years (2004 -2013) and compared between them. The relationship between water losses due to evaporation, water level in the lake, lake inflow and lake water storage were carried out. The evaporation values determined by Bulk Aerodynamic Method Which is the function of vapour pressure difference between the water surface and atmosphere, as well as horizontal wind speed varies between 0.20 mm and 39.98 mm with an average of 7.56mm. The evaporation values determined by Combined Penman Model which depends on solar radiation varies between 1.82 mm and 30.54 mm with an average of 9.56 mm..On comparison, Combined Penman Monteith Method showed the better evaporation values and it forms the favouarble method as it depends on minimum factors of solar radiation and sunshine hours for finding evaporation loss in the study area.
Biogas Production from Fruit and Vegetable Solid Waste Co Digested with Sugar Mill Waste Sludge
Authors: T Velayutham , G Karthikeyan
Published: February 2021

Biogas (methane) production from batch anaerobic digesters containing varying concentration of sugar industry wastewater sludge as inoculums and organic fruit and vegetable market solid waste as a substrate was experimentally studied in this research. It was observed that biogas production was optimized with batch anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable solid waste. It was carried out for 60 days at room temperature with untreated sugar industry wastewater sludge as an inoculums with the varying concentration 10%, 20% and 30% of the working volume (Weight) of substrate. The performance of reactors was evaluated by measuring the daily biogas production at the room temperature and pH was maintained in the range of 6.8 to7.3 respectively. The maximum cumulative methane production is 597.66 ml/gVS. The biogas yields at the end of the 60days total cumulative biogas for R1, R2 and R3 was obtained as 382.48ml/gVS, 552.66ml/gVS and 597.66ml/gVS respectively from the reactors. At the end of the 60 days total cumulative biogas for Rc(control) was obtained as 196.85ml/gVS. It was observed that the methane content of the biogas generated from the reactors was in the range of 47–56% in control reactor and that forR1, R2and R3 were 56-61%, 60-67% and 65-74% respectively.
Smart Water Quality Evaluation System
Authors: S Arun prakash , M Gokul Divya , N.R Bharath kumar , K Poomani
Published: February 2021

In today’s world, Internet of Things (IoT) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are vastly implemented in various sectors of research for analysis and monitoring of data from remote locations. As a result of the tremendous increase in global industrialisation and its output, rural to urban drift and the extended usage of land and water resources, the quality of water reaching people has been greatly decreased. In addition to this, the extended fertilizer usage, especially chemical fertilizers in farms and also in other chemical sectors such as mining and construction have led to the overall deterioration of the quality of water all around the world. Humans need water for their survival and therefore a high level water quality system which quality checks the water that is supplied to towns and cities is essential it should also be able to work the water in the rivers, ponds etc. All the water sources should be enabled with this facility. Quality water availability plays a paramount role in preventing major disease out breaks and improves the overall quality of life.  In this paper we present a design and development of a low cost water management system for real time monitoring of the water quality using IOT(internet of things). Several sensors are implemented in this project for measuring various physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH, turbidity, flow of the water can be measured. The measured values from the sensors can be processed by the core controller. The Arduino model can be used as the core micro controller. Finally, the sensor data is received and stored in the cloud and in case of any changes in the quality of the water, the system will intimate the organization via GSM module.
Medical Plastic Waste Disposal by Using in Bituminous Road Construction
Authors: B Crusho Ammu , Verghese Vincy
Published: February 2021

The measure of plastic in the solid waste generated is increasing due to increase in factors such as urbanization, various development activities and changes in life style of humans which is leading to an unrestricted scattering on the landscape. Thus the disposal of these waste plastic has become a severe issue globally due to their non-biodegradability nature. Another area of concern is the deteriorating quality of roads due to the increase in traffic and their lower resistant’s to withstand adverse climatic conditions. Studies are being carried out to develop suitable alternatives for providing good, conventional road constructional materials for providing eco-friendly roads which have good design life. In this work, autoclaved medical plastic waste in the form of shredded syringes used in road construction is tested. The main objective of this work is to study how to use shredded Biomedical Plastic waste (BMPW) in Bituminous Mix and to compare the performance of the aggregate and bitumen when modified with bio-medical plastic waste. The results from the case studies showed improved properties for Plastic Coated Aggregate when compared to normal aggregates. There by showing that by using biomedical waste in bituminous road construction could bitterly change the quality of road and also the design life of bituminous roads by improving their properties.
ГРАНИЦЕ ЖУПЕ И НАХИЈЕ РАС У СРЕДЊЕМ И РАНОМ НОВОМ ВЕКУ (14–16. ВЕК) THE BORDERS OF THE ŽUPA AND NAHIYE OF RAS IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD (14–16TH CENTURIES)
Authors: Катић Татјана , Војводић Угљеша
Published: February 2021

Рад се бави утврђивањем простора који је обухватала област Раса у време Немањића, обласног господара Вука Бранковића и Турака Османлија. Средњовековна насеља области Раса, махом она која су припадала властелинству манастира Бањска или била у њиховом суседству, су већ позната историографији али су у овом раду понуђена нека нова решења убикације. На основу османских дефтера из XV и XVI века, утврђене су границе вилајета односно Нахије Рас које одговарају затеченом стању на терену из прве половине XV века. На простору Нахије Рас постојало је тада око 100 села. The paper aims to determine the area of the Ras district at the time of the Nemanjićs, local magnate Vuk Branković and the Ottoman Turks. The medieval settlements of the Ras district, mainly those belonging to the Banjska monastery or in their vicinity, are already known to historiography. This paper, however, offers some new solutions of ubication. Based on Ottoman defters from the 15th and 16th centuries, the borders of the vilayet, i.e. nahyie of Ras which correspond to the situation in the field from the first half of the 15th century have been determined. The area of the Ras nahiye had around 100 villages at the time.
ОПАСНОСТ ОД ИЗБИЈАЊА ЦРНОГОРСКО-ОСМАНСКОГ РАТА 1911. ГОДИНЕ
DANGER OF THE OUTBREAK OF THE MONTENEGRIN-OTTOMAN WAR IN 1911
Authors: Бакић Дарко
Published: February 2021

Малисорски устанак, који је избио у марту 1911. године услијед незадовољства становника Малесије младотурском владавином, црногорски краљ желио је да искорисити за остварење својих територијалних претензија према сјеверној Албанији, па је Малисорима пружао помоћ сваке врсте. Концентрисање јаких османских снага на црногорско-турској граници ради сламања устанка, изазивало је бојазан код црногорске стране да би могло да дође до напада Турака на Црну Гору, због чега је црногорска војска стављена у стање приправности. Криза је ријешена енергичном интервенцијом Русије, која је присилила Цетиње да предузме мјере, које су омогућиле стабилизацију прилика у Малесији.
The Montenegrin King aimed to use the Malissori Uprising, which broke out in March 1911 over the dissatisfaction of the population of Malësia with the rule of the Young Turks, to achieve his territorial pretentions to northern Albania, and therefore provided all kinds of help to the Malissori. As the concentration of strong Ottoman forces on the Montenegrin-Turkish border to suppress the uprising caused concerns among the Montenegrins that the Turks could attack Montenegro, the Montenegrin army was put on alert state. The crisis was resolved with the energetic intervention of Russia, which forced Cetinje to undertake measures, which led to the stabilisation of circumstances in Malësia.
POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEATH AND THE CONCEPT OF THE KING’S TWO BODIES: THE FUNERAL OF KING ALEKSANDAR KARAĐORĐEVIĆ I IN 1934
ПОЛИТИЧКА ЕКОНОМИЈА СМРТИ И КОНЦЕПТ КРАЉЕВА ДВА ТЕЛА: САХРАНА КРАЉА АЛЕКСАНДРА КАРАЂОРЂЕВИЋА I 1934. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Борић Тијана , Борозан Игор
Published: February 2021

Убиство краља Александра уздрмало је европску јавност пред почетак Другог светског рата. Имало је још већи одјек у комплексној јужнословенској држави. У таквом напетом тренутку, било је важно очувати државно јединство и испунити правни и симболички вакуум узрокован краљевим убиством. Елите су стога употребиле стари средњовековни концепт два краљева тела. Сходно томе, сахрана краља Александра добила је обележја масовног спектакла у коме је смрт краља постала симбол државног јединства.
The assassination of King Aleksandar shook the European public at the dawn of WWII. It had even more pronounced effects in the compound South Slavic state. In such a tense moment, it was necessary to preserve state unity and fill the legal and symbolic vacuum caused by the King’s murder. Thus, the elites employed the old medieval concept of the king’s two bodies. According to this principle, the funeral of King Aleksandar assumed the features of a mass performance wherein the death of the ruler turned into the symbol of state unity.
Quantitative Morphological Changes of the Choroidal Vasculature in Normal Aged and Diseased Human Donor eyes
Authors: Kanduri Swathi
Published: February 2021

Introduction: To analyze whether the choriocapillaries undergo degenerative changes with age and disease. Corrosion casts of choroidal vessels in human donors were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the vasculature changes with age.Method: The patterns of blood vessels, vortex veins, ciliary arteries placements, capillaries placement from centre to periphery in different quadrants and regions of choroid were evaluated in twenty donor normal tissues aged from 20-90 years. Nine donors had diabetic donor tissues were evaluated in which different quadrants with laser marks and loss of blood vessels were quantified along with, six donors with signs of age-related macular degeneration were evaluated using a light stereoscopic dissection microscope. Six human donors were investigated by SEM of which two tissues were normal, two had diabetic retinopathy and two presented with age related macular degeneration changes.

Result: The quantitative evaluation revealed that in normal to diseased there is a decrease of the blood vessel density in comparison to the total area of the choroid. There was also slight decrease from to centre to periphery in the % area of the blood vessel placement. Morphological identification noted was a greater number of vortex veins were noted in inferior end than the superior end. There was prominent loss of blood vessel bed was noted beneath the lasered areas in diabetic retinopathy tissues.

Conclusion: Loss of % area of blood vessel density was directly correlating with the progression of age and in diabetic retinopathy diseased tissues we noted prominent loss of blood vessels underneath the laser treated areas. In age related macular degeneration, loss of blood vessels was prominent in different quadrants with age too.
Comparison of Methylprednisolone and Placebo toward Incidence and Severity of Epiretinal Membrane Post Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Dewiputri Salmarezka , Elvioza Elvioza , Kekalih Aria
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Epiretinal membrane is one post-operative complication of vitrectomy that can lead to decrease visual acuity. Epiretinal membrane is the early step of proliferative vitreoretinopathy caused by inflammation. Steroid has been used in the treatment of intraocular inflammation. The aim of this study is to compare oral methylprednisolone and placebo toward incidence and severity of epiretinal membrane post pars plana vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: This was prospective, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Fourty six eyes who met inclusion criteria were randomized into 2 groups: 26 patients received oral methylprednisolone 0.8 mg /kgBW/day for 6 days, 0.4 mg/kg BW/day for 4 days, and 0.2 mg/kg BW/days for 4 days. The control group of 26 patients received placebo in a comparable manner.

Result: Four weeks after vitrectomy incidences of epiretinal membrane were 47.6 % and 58.8 % in methylprednisolone group and placebo group, respectively. Eight weeks post vitrectomy incidences of epiretinal membrane was 47.6 % and 56.2 % in methylprednisolone group and placebo group, respectively. At 4 weeks the severity of epiretinal membrane in methylprednisolone group was 60%; 0%; 40% in grade 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, in placebo group were 60%; 10%; 30% in grade 0, 1, and 2,respectively. Eight weeks post vitrectomy the severity of epiretinal membrane in methylprednisolone group were 40%; 0 %; 60% in grade 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, at placebo group were 55.6 %; 11.1 %; and 33.3 % in grade 0, 1, and 2, respectively.

Conclusion: There were no significant differences in incidence and severity of epiretinal membrane at 4 and 8 weeks among 2 groups. Oral methylprednisolone had a tendency to lower incidence of epiretinal membrane compared to placebo.
INTEGRAL ANALYSIS OF THE FIXED ASSETS PROFITABILITY MODEL IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Filatov E.A.
Published: February 2021

Over the course of more than a decade of the global economic crisis, the relevance of analyzing the performance indicators of construction organizations in the world has not only not decreased, but even vice versa - it has grown significantly, because now not only its success, but the most elementary survival in the current crisis depends on the financial condition of the company. Both the rate of recovery from the crisis and the competitiveness of the economy largely depend on the efficiency of the construction sector. Construction is a fund-forming (capital-intensive) industry on which the formation of the national economy depends; which means the formation of a complex economic, social, organizational, scientific and technical system. Currently, the construction industry of the Russian Federation is experiencing a number of difficulties in its development, but at the same time it has good chances of increasing its competitiveness and integration into the world market. The object of research of the article is the construction industry of the Russian Federation in the context of three main types of construction: construction of buildings; construction of engineering structures; specialized construction works. The article presents the author’s model of the profitability of fixed assets. The article describes one of the author’s methods of integral factor analysis, which allows an accessible and relatively simple assessment of the degree of influence of factors on changes in the studied indicator. The purpose of this article was to generalize and systematize the theoretical and methodological foundations of factor analysis in a form accessible to specialists in the field of economics and management, which should help form their basis for the development of economic thinking, understanding the essence of economic processes and phenomena occurring within the framework of the activities of economic entities. What is more important - it will help to develop skills for their quantitative assessment, economic interpretation and search for reserves to increase the efficiency of functioning.
TRADE MARKETING AND NEW SALES PROMOTION TOOLS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Shashlo N.V. , Kuzubov A.A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The market is a constant battle between enterprises, in which the winner will be the one who effectively plans, implements and measures the results of marketing activities. To get more profit and to meet the customers' needs, it is advisable to use a trade marketing mechanism. The issue of increasing the demand for goods is quite effectively resolved through the interaction of production and intermediary enterprises using trade marketing tools. This concept is insufficiently studied by Russian scientists, which makes it difficult to fully use it for the needs of market participants. The purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of “trade marketing”, as well as transformation and improvement of the classification of tools of the trade marketing system and determination of the features of their use by production and intermediary enterprises. Basing on the analysis of modern economic literature, the authors have formed their own definition of the concept “trade marketing”. It is based on the manufacturer's and the intermediary's influence on the increase in demand for products, as well as on forming end consumer's loyalty to the brand through the effective interaction of all participants in the trade chain. The most relevant trade marketing tools used by marketing agencies and domestic scientists are considered. The existing approach to the classification of trade marketing tools has been expanded. We have developed our own classification of trade marketing tools, the main criterion of which is the target audience of the enterprise. The proposed classification will help industrial and trade enterprises to use the system of trade-marketing means more efficiently.
SMALL BUSINESS: ILLUSIONS AND REALITY
Authors:   Air Force Academy, Popova S.V.
Published: February 2021

In post-industrial society, there is an increase in the role of small business as an integral element of the reproduction process. The activities of small and medium-sized businesses in our country are carried out on the basis of the established global trends. Difficulties in the dynamics of this sphere are formed under the influence of increased concentration of production and consolidation of enterprises, which gives rise to a number of problems and contradictions. Considering small business as the most important component of the market economy, its role in solving the problems of creating a competitive environment and ensuring employment should be noted. The scientific literature on the problem under consideration shows the versatility in the authors’ views of the small business role in economic development. This problem is disclosed in sufficient detail in the works of foreign authors (M Weber, J. Gelbraith, P. Drucker, W. Sombart, R. Cantillon, R Coase, J. Keynes, K. Marx, A. Marshall, L. Mises, A. Smith, J. Schumpeter and others). In Russia, L. Abalkin, A. Anchishkin, K. Bazhenov, S. Witte, V. Inozemtsev, M. Lapusta, L. Slutsky, P. Stolypin, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, A. Chayanov and etc. considered this problem. The article reveals the role of small business in the Russian economy, as well as the problems and contradictions of its functioning. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the current trends, the problems, efficiency and significance of small business are identified. Research has shown that the role of small businesses is greatly exaggerated. Small business development acts as a factor in reducing unemployment. In the process of economic activity, a number of problems arise that the enterprises themselves cannot solve. A set of measures is required to support this activity and overcome the crisis. It is important that small and medium-sized enterprises can form their own accumulation fund, which can be used to adapt in the face of stagnation, which will increase the size of the labor force and labor productivity. The crisis of small and medium-sized businesses leads to a multiplier effect in the economy, which reduces the volume of GDP. As a result of the “concentration of capital” among large producers, smallscale production becomes unproductive and unprofitable. The opportunities for obtaining loans from small businesses are very limited. Modern high-tech productive equipment is not available to most. In many enterprises, there is no separation in order to save financial resources on wages. The social security of employees is low. The prosperity of any country in a post-industrial society depends on big business; small business is only an auxiliary sphere of activity. Relying on small business, it is impossible to improve the quality of life, to ensure economic growth and national security. The results of the study can be used in determining the strategic guidelines of economic policy and choosing development priorities.
THE ESSENCE OF TAXES AND TAXATION SYSTEM STRUCTURE IN MODERN TAX THEORIES
Authors:   All-Russian Public Organization of Small and Medium-sized Businesses “Support of Russia”, Fedosimov B.A.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the materials of theoretical studies on the transforming essence of taxes in the pre-classical, classical and modern scientific paradigm. The main object of the proposed study is the taxation system in the modern period. In this regard, a retrospective analysis of previous periods is presented in the work in a concise format. At the same time, the main attention is focused on the transformation of the objects under study since the formation of the pre-classical, classical methodology and their neoclassical, modern interpretation. Basing on the analysis and definition of functions, signs and principles of taxation, and taking into account specific tax forms of withdrawal of a part of the total income of society and its redistribution, the following conclusions are drawn in the work: 1) “taxes” is a complex and multifunctional value scientific category; 2) during the transition from one historical epoch to another, the general economic meaning of the category “taxes” remains unchanged, and specific tax forms (types of taxes, fees and the full set of tax elements approved by law), principles, functions of taxation, as well as tax signs, undergo transformation; 3) knowledge of the principles of its construction, the essence of taxes, their types and forms is not enough for the effective functioning of the tax system. Therefore, modern tax theories base their research on solving the issues of analyzing a specific current tax system, identifying its positive and negative consequences and adjusting its components, methodological tools, including a set of economic regulators. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in clarifying the economic essence of the tax and using the knowledge gained in the process of developing strategic decisions by the relevant administrative structures interested in building effective taxation systems.
PROBLEMS OF RURAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Nikolaev O.V. , Litvina N.I. ,   Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Ardyaka G.V. ,   Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the socioeconomic problems in the rural areas of our country. The importance of adoptioning the state program of the Russian Federation “Comprehensive development of rural areas” for 2020-2025 and the need to solve a large-scale task related to the qualitative transformations of rural areas through the implementation of “the advantages of a rural lifestyle” are noted. The ongoing outflow of residents from rural areas to cities and a decline in the country’s indigenous population are revealed. The widespread self-employment of the population, ethno-entrepreneurship, and agritourism is becoming a reality in the Russian countryside. It is indicated that our country is still lagging behind many countries in terms of labor productivity, development of the technological base of agriculture and, in general, in terms of the standard of living of the rural population. The classification of factors of growth of labor productivity in the agricultural sphere is given. Measures are proposed to change the socio-economic policy of the state in relation to rural areas. The importance of the development of rural cooperation, the creation of conditions for the growth of incomes of rural residents is determined. It is important that economic support is received not only by large agricultural firms, but also by peasant (farm) farms; the development of large-scale commodity production should not compromise the interests of small farms, the people who work in them. It is necessary to create in rural areas the maximum possible set of various types of activities, primarily related to the efficient processing of agricultural products. It is also very important to develop the infrastructure of the agri-food market, including such areas of activity as storage, transportation and marketing of products, which is impossible without expanding and developing the training of specialists in the field of agriculture.
DIAGNOSTICS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE PERSONNEL POLICY IN A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University (Pyatigorsk branch), Sergeyeva E.A. , Pogorelskaya T.A. ,   Institute of Air Navigation
Published: February 2021

Personnel policy in the health care institution is one of the main activities, which contains a system of methods and principles implemented by the personnel department of the organization. Only under the condition of a systematic analysis of the activities of a health care institution and an assessment of human potential, a personnel strategy is it possible to competently and effectively manage the medical personnel. The issues of forming an effective personnel policy in a medical institution in the modern conditions of global reform of the industry are not sufficiently covered in the open press. The materials of the study were data on the composition and structure of the personnel of the medical institution “Stavropol Regional Hospital for War Veterans”, and the regulations governing the activities of the personnel service. To identify the type of personnel policy and its main components, the methods of questioning and statistical processing of information were used. As a result of the study, the type of personnel policy of the hospital was determined, namely, the institution adopted a reactive personnel policy, since the efforts of the personnel service and the management of the organization are mainly aimed at tracking the causes and consequences of negative aspects related to personnel. In terms of the degree of openness and the level of interaction with the environment, personnel policy is more characterized by a closed type, which is typical for medical organizations and is explained by the specifics of their activities. A new type of personnel policy is proposed, which is adequate to the modern conditions of the external environment in which the hospital operates, namely, a strategically oriented personnel policy, the main characteristics of which will be, firstly, the correct ratio of openness and closedness towards the external environment, and, secondly, high flexibility and quick adaptability to the changes in the external and internal environment, including those in the long term. The article will be of interest to managers and employees of the personnel service of medical organizations responsible for the formation of personnel policy.
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY “GREEN SERVICE” CONCEPT AND ITS COMPONENTS
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Stepanova A.M. , Matveeva L.D. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: February 2021

The article presents a research on the problem of forming the concept of a new service form, taking into account global environmental problems. In the modern world, it is especially important to pay attention to the environment, since problems with a lack of resources and environmental pollution come first. It is worth noting that the tourism and hospitality industry is making all kinds of innovations in order to minimize environmental pollution. To minimize pollution of the environment, the hospitality industry is introducing new forms and concepts of service. One of the working forms is the Green Key system; the only drawback of this system is the lack of global implementation in the industry, which in modern conditions is a matter of time. The concept of sustainable service is a new direction, which is based on a system of caring for the environment, as well as for the physical and mental health of a person. Analyzes of existing foreign and Russian environmental service programs. The main problems of ecology are formulated and ways to improve this situation on the territory of hotels are given. It was concluded that for the time being this format of service and accommodation of guests is new for Russia, but over time it will gain momentum and in a few years the number of hotels supporting the system of an eco-friendly hotel and the Green Key program in our country will increase, because Russia is an incredibly beautiful country and there is a huge number of places that are definitely worth visiting, and it is equally important to protect their enchanting wild nature.
historiador e a mundialização
Authors: Gruzinski Serge
Published: February 2021

No sábado 13 de outubro de 2001 e no domingo 14, ou seja um pouco mais de um mês após o atentado de 11 de setembro,  um rio de quase dois milhões de Brasileiros invadia as ruas da cidade de Belém do Pará.  Desde a metrópole amazônica, uma grandiosa manifestação religiosa respondia ao ataque contra as Twin Towers de Nova York: uma interminável procissão suplicava à Virgem de Nazaré que trouxesse a paz à humanidade e impedisse a guerra e o terrorismo. Como todos sabem, o Círio da Virgem de Nazaré é uma festa barroca e mestiça que reúne cada ano as populações da Amazônia oriental desde o fim do século XVIII. Em 2001 foi algo mais do que uma tradicional festa local.
Lenguas y tipografía indígenas
Authors: Gravier Marina Garone
Published: February 2021

Si el establecimiento de la imprenta en la América Española se dio menos de 50 años después del descubrimiento del nuevo continente por parte de los europeos, y apenas 18 años más tarde de la caída de la capital del imperio azteca, fue principalmente por el uso político y cultural que se haría del “arte negro”. El obispo Juan de Zumárraga había pedido a las autoridades peninsulares desde 1535 que enviaran a México una prensa y papel suficiente para publicar los textos necesarios para evangelización y doctrina a los grandes grupos indígenas que residían en las tierras conquistadas y más tarde formarían uno de los virreinatos más grandes de la corona española: Nueva España. Esa solicitud se hizo realidad pocos años más tarde, cuando el impresor sevillano de origen alemán, Juan Cromberger, estableció un contrato con el italiano Juan Pablos para que se trasladara a México con su mujer y algunos operarios e iniciar así un taller tipográfico allende el mar. Con un poco de material de imprenta y el compromiso de dar a luz cuanto le fuera solicitado por las autoridades en aquellas lejanas geografías, Pablos publicó durante varios años bajo el pie de imprenta de su empleador hasta lograr la independencia que le permitiría registrar su propio nombre en las obras salidas del taller. Sin embargo, quizá ni ese primer impresor ni los siguientes cuatro que llegarían a México durante el siglo XVI tenían clara la función trascendental que llevarían a cabo. Más allá de las usuales publicaciones de corte legal y/o literario que eran usuales que sacaran de sus prensas las oficinas antiguas, hubo un género editorial que sobresalió entre todos, y distinguió para siempre la empresa editorial en el Nuevo Mundo: la edición de obras en lenguas nativas.
Penilaian Standar Mutu Pada Aplikasi Tiket Bioskop dengan ISO 27001 dan Fishbone Analisis
Authors: Setyawan Ervin , Sukmana Farid
Published: February 2021

Cinema ticket application services make it easy to purchase movie tickets. Various applications, especially in the business sector, certainly require information security that has been guaranteed to be applied and international information security certificates in ISO 27001 quality standards. Therefore, the requirements for obtaining information security certificates in international quality ISO 27001 need to be analyzed first. It requires a lot of preparedness that must be requested in meeting ISO 27001 quality standards. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of cinema tickets for ISO 27001 eligibility. Analytical research methods used include clauses, checklists, Likert scales, maturity levels, and fishbone diagrams. The authors' references were based on the writer's team's analysis that the authors made, including graphs, charts, clause scores, checklist scores, Likert scales, maturity levels, and fishbone diagrams. Based on the author's analysis results, the cinema ticket application system does not meet ISO 27001 standards, so much needs to be improved in the system. Likert scale scores are still 19%, while to meet ISO 27001 standards, Likert scale scores must reach at least 60%. The overall problem with assessing this analysis, which results in cinema tickets being inappropriate or not passing ISO 27001 quality standards, is the lack of Likert scale scores and fishbone diagrams. This analytical research hypothesis can be the basis for future research that the application can meet the feasibility test of ISO 27001 quality standards.
The Conscious Brain
Authors: Bremer Józef , Adamek Dariusz
Published: February 2021

The goal of this article is to review some aspects of brain anatomy and neurophysiology that are important for consciousness, and which hopefully may be of benefit to philosophers investigating the conscious mind. Taking as an initial point of reference the distinction between “the hard problem” and “the weak problems” of consciousness, we shall concentrate on questions pertaining to the second of these. A putative “consciousness system” in the brain will be presented, paying special attention to diffuse projection systems. The “center of gravity” will be brain connectivity, since consciousness must, critically, be dependent on coherent activity and timing. “Detectors” of synchronicity and coincidence, like NMDA receptors, also necessarily play a role here. To be conscious, we do not need an entire brain. While even large hemispherectomies need not unequivocally affect consciousness, far smaller brain-stem lesions may be devastating in this regard. Even so, the recent discovery by Matthew F. Glasser et al. of 180 separate areas in the human brain cortex is intriguing from a teleological perspective, as it is quite unthinkable that any of them could be “redundant.