bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration Bias and the Interpretation of Clinical Learning Environment Perceptions Surveys
Authors: Deemer David A. , Byrne John M. , Loo Lawrence K. , Puder David , Torralba Karina D. , Lee Sonny C. , Kashner T. Michael
Published: December 2020

Background

The clinical learning environment (CLE) is frequently assessed using perceptions surveys, such as the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire and ACGME Resident/Fellow Survey. However, these survey responses often capture subjective factors not directly related to the trainee's CLE experiences.

Objective

The authors aimed to assess these subjective factors as “calibration bias” and show how it varies by health professions education discipline, and co-varies by program, patient-mix, and trainee factors.

Methods

We measured calibration bias using 2011–2017 US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Learners' Perceptions Survey data to compare medical students and physician residents and fellows (n = 32 830) with nursing (n = 29 758) and allied and associated health (n = 27 092) trainees.

Results

Compared to their physician counterparts, nursing trainees (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.22–1.40) and allied/associated health trainees (1.18, 1.12–1.24) tended to overrate their CLE experiences. Across disciplines, respondents tended to overrate CLEs when reporting 1 higher level (of 5) of psychological safety (3.62, 3.52–3.73), 1 SD more time in the CLE (1.05, 1.04–1.07), female gender (1.13, 1.10–1.16), 1 of 7 lower academic level (0.95, 1.04–1.07), and having seen the lowest tercile of patients for their respective discipline who lacked social support (1.16, 1.12–1.21) and had low income (1.05, 1.01–1.09), co-occurring addictions (1.06, 1.02–1.10), and mental illness (1.06, 1.02–1.10).

Conclusions

Accounting for calibration bias when using perception survey scores is important to better understand physician trainees and the complex clinical learning environments in which they train.
Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Students and Its Correlation with Depression, Anxiety and Stress: A Cross-sectional Study of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Shishir , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Chalise Anisha , Gautam Himlal
Published: December 2020

Background: Self-esteem is an overall subjective evaluation of one’s worth or value which encompasses the positive or negative orientation or beliefs towards oneself. Self-esteem has established itself as an important psychological factor contributing to health and quality of life. Thus, this study aimed at understanding the factors influencing the level of self-esteem among the undergraduate students and its correlation with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms experienced by the students.

 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 randomly sampled undergraduates from different academic institutions of Pokhara Metropolitan using Rosenberg self-esteem scale to assess the level of self-esteem and DASS-21 to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The chi-squire test, binary logistic regression and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to establish the relationship between variables at the level of significance, p<0.05.

Results: More than three-forth (75.7%) of the students were found to have a normal level of self-esteem while around one-fifth (21.4%) of the students had low self-esteem. There was no statistical relationship established between students’ academic discipline and their self-esteem. However, students’ academic performance, family history of any psychological distress and their perceived level of social support were the major influencing factors associated with their self-esteem at p<0.001. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, self-esteem was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress at p<0.01.

Conclusion: The prevalence of low self-esteem was relatively lower in this students' group and there existed a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression, anxiety and stress experienced by the students. Thus, strategies aimed to increase students' level of perceived social support and self-esteem can reduce their risks of acquiring any mental health problems in near future.
Can Oil Prices Predict Japanese Yen?
Authors: Devpura Neluka
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we examine the relationship between Japanese Yen (vis-à-vis the US dollar) and the crude oil futures price. The novelty is that we use high frequency (intraday hourly) data to examine time-varying predictability. We find limited evidence that oil prices predict the Yen. There is no time-varying predictability relationship.
LA ENSEÑANZA EN LÍNEA Y LA DIMENSIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE LA CIENCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: ANÁLISIS FILOSÓFICO-METODOLÓGICO COMO CIENCIA DE DISEÑO
Authors: Alonso Rodríguez Ana María
Published: December 2020

Plantea la educación en línea nuevos problemas a la Ciencia de la Educación, que tiene un carácter dual: es Ciencia Social y Ciencia de lo Artificial. La mediación de la Tecnología refuerza la dimensión artificial de la Ciencia de la Educación, que se configura como una Ciencia de Diseño. Esto revierte en la vertiente interna y la dimensión externa de la actividad educativa.

Este artículo ofrece un análisis filosófico-metodológico de la Educación mediada por la Tecnología. Lo hace desde el marco teórico de las Ciencias de lo Artificial, lo que aporta novedad: por un lado, este enfoque es poco habitual; y, por otro, la Filosofía de la Ciencia apenas ha prestado atención a la Ciencia de la Educación.

Dentro de este marco temático, para resolver problemas en los procesos de enseñanza mediados por la Tecnología, se contextualizan los diseños educativos como diseños científicos. Después se analizan sus límites para atender las distintas dimensiones de la Educación.
DE LA OSCURIDAD DE LA ILEGALIDAD A LA LUZ DE LA LEGALIDAD: IMPACTO DE LA ADQUISICIÓN DEL ESTATUS CIVIL SOBRE LA VIDA DE LOS HIJOS DE TRABAJADORES EXTRANJEROS EN ISRAEL
Authors: Lifszyc Friedlander Anabel
Published: December 2020

De acuerdo con la ley israelí los hijos de trabajadores extranjerossin visa de trabajo no gozan de estatus civil, con todo lo queesto implica. A principio de los 2000, el Gobierno israelí amenazó condeportar a todos los trabajadores sin visa de trabajo y a sus familias.Esta decisión llevó a la sociedad civil israelí y a las ONG a demandarque el gobierno israelí otorgara estatus civil a los hijos de trabajadoresextranjeros. Después de una ardua lucha el Gobierno decidió en el 2006y 2010 de forma excepcional otorgar estatus civil a los hijos de trabajadoresextranjeros y a sus familias, alrededor de 500 niños y jóvenes deorigen latinoamericano. Tras esta decisión, el presente estudio exploracómo se han construido y reconstruido las experiencias de vida de estosniños desde el inicio de su nuevo estatus civil. La metodología combinamétodos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. Según loshallazgos, estos niños revelan un alto grado de pertenencia a la sociedadisraelí y se definen a sí mismos como israelíes. Se sienten integrados enla sociedad israelí y tienen buenas expectativas de su futuro en Israel.
EL FUTURO Y LA INCERTIDUMBRE EN LOS ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS INMIGRATORIOS: EL EJEMPLO DE NEUQUÉN, PROVINCIA PATAGÓNICA, 1930-1976
Authors: Dimant Mauricio
Published: December 2020

Este artículo busca introducir brevemente una discusiónsobre el análisis de la concepción de futuro en los estudios históricos inmigratorios,a través de ejemplos en la región patagónica. Considerandoque las conjeturas, imágenes y concepciones sobre el futuro –o sobreposibles escenarios en el futuro– se basan en datos e informacionesque afectan a la vida de los individuos y sus sociedades, este artículoidentifica al menos dos formas de indagar sobre el rol de la imagen defuturo en los estudios históricos sobre la inmigración. El artículo discutesobre cómo la concepción respecto del futuro afectó al presente delos inmigrantes y la forma de relacionarse con su pasado, considerandoque las imágenes de futuro formaron parte de la vida cotidiana de todoslos pobladores. Tal perspectiva permite afinar los estudios históricos dela participación de los inmigrantes en los procesos socioeconómicos y políticos, resaltando el papel de la incertidumbre en sus experiencias,prácticas e identificaciones, lográndose así profundizar la comprensiónde la historia inmigratoria y su relación con la historia política, social yeconómica de las zonas de residencia y radicación.
Kur’an’da Kadınla İlgili Yerel Kültürün Fenomenolojisi
Authors: KATMER Zeynep
Published: December 2020

İnsanoğlunun fıtratında bulunan aidiyet duygusu, insanın tarih boyunca toplumuna ve kültürüne bağlılığının nedeni olmuştur. İnsanlar, içinde bulundukları toplumları kültürleri üzerinden karakterize ederek bu yolla maddi manevi değerlerini, birliklerini, kimliklerini nesilden nesile aktarmış ve korumayı başarmıştır. Toplumlar, küreselleşen dünyada, yerel kültürlerini muhafaza etmeye çalışarak etkileşimde oldukları evrensel değerlerle ortak paydada buluşabilme eğilimi göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın konusu toplumsal kurumlar bağlamında Kur’an’da kadın ile alakalı yerel kültür izleri taşıyan ayetleri ele almaktır. Araştırmanın amacı ise yerel kültür bağlamında Kur’an’ın kadına ilişkin olay, olgu, betimleme ve anlatımlarını fenomenolojik tarzda yerellik-evrensellik bağlamında tartışmaktır. Çalışma fenomenolojik yöntem temelli tarihsel-dokümantasyon tekniği bağlamında yürütülmüştür. Sonuç olarak kadına dair yerel kültürün Kur’ânî boyutlarının, kadının evliliği, aile içerisindeki konumu, sosyal hayat içerisindeki durumu üzerinde olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca kadına ilişkin hükümlerin yerel kültürün evreninde şekillendiği görülmektedir. Bunun yanında sosyolojik olarak bakıldığında Kur’an’ın Arap toplumu içerisinde kadına yönelik tutumunun, evrensellik içeren temel insani haklar çerçevesinde değiştirilmeye çalışıldığı anlaşılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kadın, Yerel kültür, Kur’an, Küreselleşme, Arap toplumu
دور مقررات اللغة العربية في الجامعات في تعزيز القيم الإسلامية لدى المتعلمين
Authors: KUDAT Aydin , DUGHİM Khaled
Published: December 2020

مشكلة البحث، هل تعزز مقررات اللغة العربية في الجامعات القيم الإسلامية عند الدارسين؟ كيف تعزز مقررات النحو والصرف القيم الإسلامية وتفعّلها لدى المتعلمين؟ هل تساهم مواد البلاغة والأدب في تفعيل و تعزيز القيم الإسلامية لدى المتعلمين؟ وبإمكاننا ان نفيد أهداف البحث بما يلي: الكشف عن أهمية دراسة اللغة العربية عند الشباب المسلم العربي وغير العربي و بيان أهمية مقررات اللغة العربية في الجامعات، توضيح أهمية مواد اللغة العربية ( النحو والصرف والبلاغة والأدب والقصة والرواية ) في ترسيخ القيم الإسلامية وتعزيزها عند الدارسين من خلال اعتماد اللغة العربية بشكل أساسي على القرآن الكريم والحديث الشريف وشعر الحكمة . وأهمية البحث فكما يلي، نظراً لأهمية المرحلة الجامعية في حياة الشباب وهم في طور التكوين و بناء الشخصية الإسلامية وبناء القيم، وبالنظر من ناحية أخرى إلى أهمية مقررات مواد اللغة العربية في المرحلة الجامعية وتأثير مفرداتها على تفكير الطلاب واتجاهاتهم وقيمهم في الجامعات لابد من تسليط الضوء على أثر هذه المواد ومفرداتها في تعزيز القيم وترسيخها لدى الدارسين في الجامعات من الطلاب الأتراك وغيرهم. ومنهج البحث هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي و المنهج الاستقرائي في بعض الأحيان﻿
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Authors: Tognelli Joaquin
Published: December 2020

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Indoor Air and Surface Fungal Contamination in the Special Care Baby Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Okolo OM , Toma AB , Envulado AE , Olubukunnola I , Izang A , Onyedibe K , Maktep DD , Egah ZD
Published: December 2020

Fungi frequently contaminate the indoor air as well as surfaces of hospital equipment and furniture. This pose a significant risk for neonates in the Special Care Baby Unit. This study aimed to determine the rate of fungal contamination of indoor air and surfaces of the special care baby unit of a tertiary health facility in Jos, Nigeria. The study was carried out at the special care baby unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Indoor air samples were obtained using sedimentation method whereas samples from surfaces were collected using sterile pre-moistened cotton tipped swab sticks. The swab sticks were inoculated onto sabouraud dextrose agar plates which were incubated along with indoor air culture plates for seven days. Univariate analysis was carried out using STATA (version 14IC). Fungal contamination rate of the special care baby unit was 20.2%.  Aspergillus species (29.6%) was the most predominant fungus isolated. Most of the fungi were isolated from the outborn term and outborn preterm rooms of the special care baby unit. The fungi isolated include Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Penicillium spp, Cladosporium spp, Curvularia spp, Fusarium spp, Paecillomyces spp, Alternatia spp, and Rhodotorulla spp. Fungi are a major cause of indoor air as well as surface contamination in special care baby unit of the hospital. Routine cleaning and disinfection will lead to a reduction in the fungal load.
Unexpected Low Covid-19 Mortalities Across Africa: What Could have Happened?
Authors: Onoja MA , Oloche JJ , Jombo GTA , Onoja TA
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 mortalities have continued to be surprisingly low across Africa against all the earlier predictions. This has baffled the global scientific community and several hypotheses and theories have been propounded to explain the underlying factors for this unexpected occurrence. We found out that none of the theories is free of technical flaw, no matter how as plausible as it may appear it does not fully explain this phenomenon. Hence, we conclude that the mystery behind COVID-19 on African soil is yet to be unraveled. Meanwhile preventive measures already on ground should be sustained to keep the disease permanently low.
A-posteriori Estimation of Random Uncertainty for the Reflection Type Q-factor Measurements
Authors: Kajfez Darko
Published: December 2020

A frequently used Q factor measurement procedure consists of determining the values of the input reflection coefficient vs. frequency with the use of a network analyzer, and processing the measured values with a data-fitting procedure to evaluate the location and the size of the corresponding Q-circle. That information is then used to compute the value of the loaded and unloaded Q factors and the coupling coefficient of the resonator being tested. This paper describes a novel method of post-processing the measured data, which also provides information on the uncertainty of the obtained results. Numerical examples show that this a-posteriori procedure can not only provide the uncertainty estimates but also improve the accuracy of results, even in the presence of a significant level of random measurement noise.
Verifying Received Power Predictions of Wireless InSite Software in Indoor Environments at WLAN Frequencies
Authors: Obeidat Huthaifa , Obeidat Omar , Mosleh Mahmood , Abdullah Ali , Abd-Alhameed Raed
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces a study on verifying received power at WLAN frequencies in indoor
environments, Wireless InSite is a popular electromagnetic ray-tracing software which is widely used for predicting channel behaviour in indoor and outdoor environments. The study compares software-generated data with measurements collected through 3rd floor Chesham Building, University of Bradford, at WLAN frequencies, the paper also investigates the effect of changing settings on results accuracy and computational time, and finally, the paper presents a comparison between simulation results with empirical models.
Dual-Band Printed Monopole Antenna Design
Authors: Ragheb Hassan , El-Aal Shady , Saad Afaf , Zaalouk Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Design procedure of a high gain dual-band printed monopole antenna, resonating at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz, is presented. The proposed design meets the specifications required by WI-FI, WIMAX and radio frequency identification (RFID) reader applications. Our design utilizes Rogers RT/Duroid 5880(tm) substrate, and the major radiation element is an annular circular patch shape. The design was improved by adding a face-to-face fork shape metal inside the annular circular patch. The antenna feed consists of a microstrip line and a slotted transformer section for matching purpose. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and the measurements of the return loss and antenna radiation pattern were performed. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation and the measurements showed an excellent agreement.
Cross Polarized 2x2 LTE MIMO System for Automotive Shark Fin Application
Authors: Preradov Djordje , Aloi Daniel
Published: December 2020

In this research we propose two orthogonally placed FR4 printed planar monopole antenna elements for use in the automobile roof top shark fin antenna for LTE MIMO applications. The discussed MIMO antenna system is designed to cover the worldwide LTE frequency band from 698MHz to 2700MHz. The goal of this research is to achieve satisfactory MIMO performance across the whole band while staying within physical constraints of the shark fin style antenna. The target reflection coefficient (S11) of each element is -6dB. Because of physical constraints of the automotive shark fin design antenna MIMO decorrelation is achieved by cross polarization and small distance separation. Correlation better than -12dB is targeted and achieved in higher bands, while in lower frequency bands antennas would not benefit from MIMO performance. Numerical simulation of the MIMO antenna system is performed using FEKO in order to verify the design parameters. Simulation findings are confirmed by manufacturing antennas and testing in the lab.
Design and Analysis of Ultra-wideband and High Directive THz Photoconductive Vivaldi Antenna
Authors: Yousaf Jawad , Dhiflaoui Amira , Yahyaoui Ali , Hakim Bandar , Zarouan Mohamed , Zouch Wassim , Aguili Taoufik , Rmili Hatem
Published: December 2020

In this work a novel design of an ultra-wideband and highly directive Vivaldi photoconductive antenna (PCA) is reported for the first time for the THz sensing and imaging applications. The optical-to-THz conversion efficiency for the enhanced directivity
of the reported PCA is enhanced by adding a hemispherical silicon-based lens with the PCA gold electrode and quartz substrate (Epsilon r = 3.78, tan delta = 0.0001). The optimization of the antenna design parameters is performed in CST MWS for the frequency range of 1-6 THz. The design antenna has UWB -10 dB impedance and 3-dB AR bandwidths of 6 THz, maximum directivity of 10 dBi and maximum total radiation efficiency of > 40%.
Revisão integrativa e análise estatística sobre atuação docente no ensino superior na percepção dos discentes de cursos de licenciatura
Authors: Pedrosa Pedro Eder , Oliveira Kenia Edjane , Pontes Junior José Airton
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar os dados fornecidos pelo INEP, do ENADE 2017, com uma revisão integrativa acerca do assunto tratado, para uma compreensão da percepção dos discentes sobre os docentes, já que o comportamento didático-pedagógico influencia diretamente no aprendizado. A pesquisa é constituída de duas etapas a primeira com a revisão já mencionada onde busca relacionar trabalhos onde já se questionaram acerca da percepção estudantil e a segunda uma análise dos microdados do Enade 2017 sobre as perguntas didático-pedagógicas. Compreendendo que o professor pode tanto facilitar quanto dificultar a absorção dos conteúdos, sabendo-se que o trabalho foca nas licenciaturas e com isso acarreta a formação de professores. Desse modo, objetivou-se entender a percepção dos estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura que participaram no ENADE 2017, por meio de uma revisão integrativa que procura conciliar os dados aos trabalhos avaliados a respeito da organização didático-pedagógico.
Saberes da docência: leitura crítica, emancipação humana e profissional
Authors: Souza Leticia Oliveira de , Anselmo Katyanna De Brito
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo compreende a obra “A importância do ato de ler: em três artigos que se completam” de Paulo Freire (2011) analisando os construtos teóricos do autor e suas principais contribuições para formação de professores, evidenciando os saberes necessários à docência e os desafios do trabalho docente. Esse estudo desenvolve-se com base nas orientações da pesquisa bibliográfica, com técnicas de leituras sistematizadas. Como resultados preliminares tem-se a compreensão de que o docente necessita, alicerçar-se em três pilares da formação: o ensino, pesquisa e extensão, que envolvem o avaliar, intervir e fundamenta-se nos saberes epistemológicos da docência. A prática de ensino configura-se em sua complexidade, muito distante da premissa de ensinar, enquanto “dom” ou com bases na asserção contemporânea do “notório saber da docência”. Freire (2011) contribui substancialmente no entendimento dos saberes da docência, à medida que enxerga a importância da leitura crítica como instrumento de emancipação humana e profissional.
Establishing Running Intensities of Elite Field Hockey Players During Competitive Match-Play
Authors: Forouhandeh Arian
Published: December 2020

Field hockey requires players to perform at varying intensities throughout a competitive match, involving high-speed running combined with tactical skills in order to outscore the opposition. A greater understanding of specific running demands imposed by competitive match-play may aid coaches in appropriate prescription of training and adequate recovery programmes. Purpose: to determine peak duration- and position-specific running intensities during field hockey competition, using a rolling average method. Methods: twenty one elite male field hockey players were analysed through 15Hz Global Positioning System (GPS) technology across a 16 match competitive season. Peak values for relative distance (m·min-1) and high-speed distance (m·min-1) were calculated, placed in a velocity-time curve and analysed using a rolling average method across ten different durations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 min) for each playing position. Results: Forwards and midfielders covered significantly (p < 0.05) more relative distance than defenders for averages 1 to 6, with the forwards covering the greatest maximum relative distance and high-speed relative distance. There was a substantial decrease in relative distance and high-speed distance as the length of the rolling average increased, presenting small to moderate differences between durations 4 to 10 min, with the magnitude of differences between lengths decreasing as the rolling average length increased. Conclusion: These findings suggest that match-play running demands are significantly more intense than previously reported for all positions. As forwards exhibited a greater running intensity throughout, position specific training drills should replicate the most demanding phases of field hockey competition.
UMA PROPOSTA DO RELACIONAMENTO ENTRE A GUERRA CIBERNÉTICA E O TERRORISMO NO CONTEXTO INFORMACIONAL E SEUS REFLEXOS PARA AS INFRAESTRUTURAS CRÍTICAS
Authors: Mota Dardano do Nascimento , Da Mota Fernanda Antônia Barbosa
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo pretende apresentar uma análise sobre a possível relação entre oTerrorismo e a Guerra Cibernética no contexto informacional. Para atingir o objetivoproposto, o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho encontra-se subdividido nasseguintes seções: considerações preliminares; a Informação; a Guerra Cibernética(GC) onde serão detalhados os aspectos que a relacionam com a Informação; umoverview do Novo Terrorismo; e, por fim, uma proposta de como estaria estruturadaa relação do Terrorismo com a GC. O artigo apresenta conceitos básicos relacionadosao Terrorismo, à Guerra Cibernética e à Informação, visando facilitar o entendimentoda análise desenvolvida. Para isso, emprega pesquisa bibliográfica e documental,priorizando os estudos relacionados ao assunto em tela. Por fim, o presente artigobuscou encontrar conclusões quanto à análise proposta sugerindo a criação de umórgão nacional voltado para a proteção de infraestruturas críticas.
Roman et caricature au XIXe siècle. Poétiques réalistes entre Illusions perdues et Éducation sentimentale
Authors: Guinand Cécile
Published: December 2020

Au XIXe siècle, la caricature connaît un essor sans précédent en France et les écrivains s’intéressent de près à ce phénomène médiatique qui n’est pas sans lien avec le réalisme littéraire. Déformation au service du dévoilement de la v©rité, écart face au discours politique officiel et en porte-à-faux vis-à-vis des canons culturels, la caricature modèle l’imaginaire des écrivains qui s’inspirent de ses codes et mettent au point une caricature textuelle. Art en constant dialoue avec le contexte historique, politique, social et culturel, la caricature est indissociable de ses supports de diffusion : littérature panoramique, presse satirique illustrée, monde du théâtre, albums… ces différentes formes éditoriales sont autant de sources pour les romanciers qui s’en inspirent en même temps qu’ils s’en distancient. De l’étude sémiotique à l’analyse socio-culturelle médiatique, cet essai détaille les implications littéraires des relations entretenues par le roman réaliste et la caricature en s’appuyant sur deux œuvres majeures qui mettent en abyme ce contexte culturel, social et médiatique particulier : les Illusions perdues de Balzac et L’Éducation sentimentale de Flaubert.
Yakın Anlamlı Lafızların Meâllerdeki Tercümeleri (Necm-Kevkeb Örneği)
Authors: ÖZDAŞ Haşim
Published: December 2020

Birçok dilbilimci, birden fazla lafzın aynı anlamda kullanılması şeklinde tarif edilen müterâdif lafızların mevcudiyetini dilin zenginliği olarak kabul ederken; diğer bazıları, buna karşı çıkmışlardır. Bu iki yaklaşıma karşın diğer bazıları ise, terâdüfün az sayıda da olsa Arap dilinde var olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Bu hususla bağlantılı olarak müterâdif lafızların varlığını savunan bazı âlimler, bunun Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de de yer aldığını savunurken; eşanlamlı lafızların varlığına karşı çıkanlar ise, bunun Kur’ân’da da yer almadığını beyan etmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla terâdüf olgusunu kabul etmeyenlere göre, tek bir anlamın birden çok lafızla ifade edilmesi, eş anlamlılık değil; yakın anlamlılık ile ilgilidir. Buna göre, yakın anlamlı kelimelerin her birinin, diğerinde olmayan bir anlam farklılığı vardır. Kur’ân-ı Kerim meâllerinde bu türden yakın anlamlı kelimelerin tercüme edilmesi noktasında genel olarak gerekli hassasiyetin gösterilmediğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, âlimlerin müterâdif addedilen lafızlara karşı farklı yaklaşımlarına ve bu tür lafızların Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de yer alıp-almadığı konusuna kısaca yer verildikten sonra, necm lafzı ile yakın anlamlı olan kevkeb lafzının aralarında bir fark yokmuş gibi tercüme edilmesi sorununa dikkat çekilecektir.
Evaluasi Kinerja Operasional Pelayanan Bus Rapid Transit (B Koridor Blok M-Kota, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Vidhia Clara , Hendra Franka
Published: December 2020

The operational aspect as an aspect directly related to the provision of services to the community will certainly require this BRT system to provide better service quality compared to other public transport service systems. The objectives of this research are: to assess the operational performance of BRT services in DKI Jakarta in the Blok M-Kota corridor in terms of headway, load factor and travel time based on BRT service performance standards and to assess public perceptions of the operational performance of BRT services in corridors. Blok M-City. In this study using descriptive analysis methods, evaluative, and science methods. The survey technique was carried out by means of a static survey, on bus, interviews, and questionnaires.

The results showed that the headway, BRT has a good level of service, when compared to the standard of the Directorate General of Land Transportation where the average standard headway is 5 minutes. While the standard of BP TransJakarta can be said to be good where the headway during peak hours is 2-3 minutes and non-peak hours are 5 minutes. Load factor, the results of the primary survey and analysis show that the load factor has not yet reached the operational target of BP TransJakarta by 70% so that the bus condition still feels roomy and relaxed, although it is much better according to the standards of the Directorate General of Land Transportation. As for travel time, the operational service performance of BRT is in accordance with the standards of the Directorate General of Land Transportation which stipulates the standard travel time is 1-1.5 hours and BP TransJakarta sets 45 minutes, which is much faster where for the Blok M-Kota and Kota-Blok majors. M.
Implementasi Akad Ba’i Istishna dan Ba’i Taqsith Pada Pembiayaan Kepemilikan Rumah (Non Bank) di Perumahan Islami Indonesia
Authors: Paramansyah Arman , Abdillah Izul , Damayanthi Dessy
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the application of istishna and ba'i taqsith contracts on bankless home ownership financing and to find out the advantages of each of these contracts. This research was conducted using qualitative research with descriptive analysis method, namely research by focusing on the implementation of istishna and ba'i taqsith contracts and showing a relationship between the financing of house ownership without the bank, then conducting a description to provide a clear picture. The results of the study conclude that the istishna contract in its application, namely the mustashni/customer, pre-orders the house to be ordered from the shani/maker by stating the raw material specifications, size and payment system at the beginning of the agreement and the handover of the building will be handed over in a tough manner. In the payment system there are 2 schemes, namely: In cash and credit, in credit financing for Indonesian Islamic Housing using a ba'i taqsith agreement. Namely a sale and purchase contract with a payment in installments at a certain time and is more expensive than the cash price. Credit calculation uses a 7% margin of cash and flat prices until the end of payment, there are no penalties for late payments and if there is default, deliberations will be held for the solution. The advantages of the ba'i istishna and ba'i taqsith contracts are the advantages of the istishna contract, it can change the design desired by the consumer and the advantages of the ba'i taqsith contract, can negotiate prices, late payment is not subject to fines, the benefits are greater than the cash price, and to educate the public about sharia credit.
Formação de professores de Geografia e História em Portugal: uma década de investigação-ação pós Bolonha
Authors: Solé Glória , Pacheco Elsa , SOARES LAURA MARIA PINHEIRO DE MACHADO
Published: December 2020

Trinta anos decorridos sobre a formação de professores no contexto dos Mestrados em Ensino de Geografia e/ou História no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário e uma década após a entrada em vigor do modelo educativo implementado no quadro do processo de Bolonha, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre os temas de investigação-ação que foram alvo dos Relatórios de Estágio apresentados nas Universidades Portuguesas onde existe este 2º Ciclo de Estudos. Consultando os respetivos Repositórios Científicos, procede-se inicialmente a uma avaliação das principais palavras utilizadas nos títulos dos relatórios das duas áreas disciplinares, pormenorizando depois a nossa análise sobre os trabalhos desenvolvidos nas Universidades do Minho e do Porto, a partir da sua categorização em temáticas devidamente especificadas através de descritores elaborados para o efeito. Concluímos que o enfoque temático se direciona mais para o desenvolvimento de competências centradas em valores ancorados na vida real dos alunos e menos na aposta em assuntos de base tecnológica, como seria de esperar.
FACTORES DE RIESGO QUE INCIDEN EN LA HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL DE LAS GESTANTES DEL CENTRO DE SALUD CISNE 2, GUAYAQUIL
Authors: Jiménez Crrufo Débora Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad de origen desconocido y multifactorial. Complica aproximada-mente el 10% de todos los embarazos y se define como un padecimiento que se presenta desde la vigésima semana del embarazo en adelante, durante el parto y el puerperio, caracterizado por hiper-tensión arterial, proteinuria y edema. En los casos más graves se presenta con-vulsiones y coma. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que inciden en la hipertensión arterial de las gestantes del Centro de Salud Cisne 2, Guayaquil. Mé-todos: El estudio se hizo bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, retrospectivo y descriptivo. El alcance descriptivo es utilizado para conocer el comportamiento de cada uno de los factores que tienen incidencia so-bre el reingreso de pacientes con Diabe-tes Tipo II. La población se conformado por 15 mujeres embarazadas que asistie-ron al servicio de emergencia obstétrica del Centro de Salud Cisne 2, consideran-do dos aspectos: geográficos y demográ-ficos. El tipo de muestra que se utilizó fue censal, y finita la población para brindar la oportunidad a todos los pacientes que sean partícipes de la investigación y por ende disminuir el índice de la existencia de sesgo en la investigación. El proceso de selección se realizó de manera alea-toria, guiado por los parámetros teóricos que plantea la definición del tipo de mues-treo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: El 66,7% de las gestantes no han recibido información sobre cuáles son los factores de riesgo de la hiperten-sión arterial en el embarazo, la hiperten-sión arterial se presentó en el 46,7% de las encuestadas, el 53,3% afirmo no sa-ber que la falta de control prenatal puede traer complicaciones graves en su emba-razo, el 60% le gustaría asistir a talleres de información sobre la hipertensión arte-rial y el 60% cree que con el desarrollo de talleres se podrá lograr conciencia de los riesgos obstétricos durante el embarazo.Conclusión: Este estudio nos dio como resultado que el mayor factor de riesgo que incide en la hipertensión arterial de las gestantes es la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y sus consecuen-cias graves. Es por eso la importancia de impartir talleres para que conozcan del tema y concienticen los riesgos que la misma podría tener en su embarazo.
INCIDENCIA DEL AGOTAMIENTO FÍSICO Y MENTAL EN PERSONAL DE SALUD DEL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, PRUEBA PILOTO
Authors: Balcazar Robles Jezabell Ivonne
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El agotamiento físico y mental en el personal de salud de cuida-dos intensivos neonatales del Hospital Gineco-obstétrico y Pediátrico Universita-rio de Guayaquil, en el periodo de agosto 2019 a mayo 2020, conlleva a un inapro-piado estilo de vida y una afectación di-recta en las esferas biológicas, psicoló-gicas, ecológicas y sociales del individuo que la padece y su marco familiar. Este proceso investigativo plantea conocer los efectos en la salud, del agotamiento físico y mental, en las diferentes esferas afec-tivas de relaciones interpersonales como son las familiares, sociales y sobre todo las laborales, así como el grado de satis-facción laboral de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estu-dio es determinar la incidencia del ago-tamiento físico y mental en el personal de salud de cuidados intensivos neona-tales del Hospital Universitario. Materia-les y métodos: El tipo de investigación fue de campo, de tipo transversal y des-criptivo. La técnica fue la encuesta de opción múltiple y una entrevista de pre-guntas abiertas. Se procedió a la valida-ción del instrumento tipo cuestionario y el otro instrumento tipo guión de preguntas abiertas. Se recolectó la información y se introdujo en una base de datos y se pro-cesaron utilizando el Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 25.0. Se utilizó fundamentalmente estadísticadescriptiva para procesar los datos y lue-go la triangulación de datos. Resultados:Al consultarles si sienten que su trabajo los lleva a presentar agotamiento físico y mental, la muestra de estudio reveló que el 13.3% siempre, el 20% casi siempre, el 60% algunas veces y el 6.7% nunca. Conclusión: Se concluye que si hay una alta incidencia del agotamiento físico y mental en los profesionales de la salud en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neo-natales del Hospital Universitario de Gua-yaquil en el periodo 2019-2020.
Book review of "The Management of Peer-Group Learning: Syndicate Methods in Higher Education"
Authors: Geis George L.
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Faculty Adoption of Teaching and Learning Technologies: Contrasting Earlier Adopters and Mainstream Faculty
Authors: Anderson Terry , Varnhagen Stanley , Campbell Katy
Published: December 2020

The adoption of teaching and learning technologies is an innovation that challenges the structure, culture and practice of modern research universities. This paper documents quantitatively and qualitatively the attitudes, skills and behavior of the faculty related to the use of instructional technology at a large Canadian research university. The data was gathered from a survey (n = 557) of teaching faculty. The data is analyzed with respect to Roger's (1995) categories of adoption of innovation differentiating "Earlier Adopters" (EAs) from "Mainstream Faculty" (MF). The paper discusses four factors that have tended to create a "chasm" between these two groups and discusses strategies for reducing the chasm and providing support and incentive for all faculty in the adoption of instructional technologies.
Monitoring Student Cues: Tracking Student Behaviour in Order to Improve Instruction in Higher Education
Authors: McAlpine L. , Weston C. , Beauchamp C. , Wiseman C. , Beauchamp J.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we focus on monitoring, a particular aspect of reflection related to teaching. We define monitoring as a feedback mechanism which entails attending to and evaluating a multitude of cues in the envi- ronment in order to evaluate progress towards a goal. We direct our attention to monitoring because it is a way in which a teacher is able to gain understanding of how effective his/her teaching actions are. Thus, knowing what cues to evaluate (and being able to do so) is a critical skill in reflection. Further, we focus exclusively in this paper on the concur- rent monitoring of cues related to students since we believe that attention to student cues while teaching provides teachers with a window into their students' learning experiences. We call this particular type of reflection, reflection-in-action. As well as depicting multiple examples of monitoring drawn from our research, we explore the contribution of this work to the literature in higher education and to faculty development activities, particularly, to the growing literature on teacher thinking.
Preference for Prestige: Commentary on the Behaviour of Universities and their Benefactors
Authors: Caton Charlotte S.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines institutional behaviour, as perceived and described by individuals who have donated large gifts to private non- profit (not-for-profit) corporations especially universities. The study improves the understanding readers may have of the means used by Canadian institutions to initiate relationships with individuals capable of making large gifts, of how these relationships are nurtured, of who in the organization influences decisions about the purposes served by gifts from these donors and of how institutional and/or personal prestige are factors in donor-recipient relationships. More significantly, the study explores the degree to which institutions involve major donors as partners in enhancing an institution's reputation for quality. Data reported here were gathered from interviews with donors to universities, hospitals and arts organizations in Toronto. The responses of donors are reported and some differences identified between donors to universities and donors to either hospitals or arts organizations. With the largest generational transfer of wealth in history starting to occur, the findings may prove useful to universities as they compete for charitable dollars with other nonprofit organizations.
Do University Presidents Make a Difference? A Strategic Leadership Theory of University Retrenchment
Authors: Budros Art
Published: December 2020

Although the general consensus is that university presidents do not make a difference, most research on this issue is atheoretical and perceptual in nature. Consequently, I draw on strategic leadership theory to examine whether observable experiences of presidents affected the adoption of retrenchment (early faculty retirement) plans among Ontario universities from 1989-90 to 1997-98. In doing so, I also advance strategic leadership theory by introducing novel measures of leaders' observable experiences and by testing their impact on an outcome (retrenchment) in a noncorporate setting. Since early faculty retirement plans have spread across universities, and since evidence indicates that they combine financial benefits and academic costs, their adoption represents a key structural change begging for explanation. Although the literature attributes the adoptions to uncontrollable forces, I report that presidents play a major role in the adoptions. Those who lack seats on corporate boards, who have non-business or non-economics backgrounds, who are male, and who are recruited externally adopt the plans at lower rates than their respective counterparts. The results portray presidents as exercising circumscribed agency, strategizing on the basis of their personal and professional experiences and making a difference even under inhospitable circumstances.
In Education and in Work: The Globalized Community College
Authors: Levin John S.
Published: December 2020

This is a multiple case study of seven colleges using field methods research to examine institutional life and organizational context. This study determines that community colleges in both Canada and the United States exhibited educational and work behaviors in the 1990s consistent with the globalization process. Education was oriented to the marketplace, and the needs of business and industry received high priority in educational programming. Work within these institutions was valued for and carried out with economic ends: to realize productivity and efficiency.
Stumped by Headlines: Investigating a Functional Knowledge Deficit
Authors: Ungar Sheldon
Published: December 2020

Competing claims about the level of ignorance, or knowledge, among the current Nexus generation are addressed. The core of the paper is a theoretical analysis of ignorance in the knowledge society. Specifically, the knowledge-ignorance paradox suggests that the intense specialization demanded by a knowledge economy militates against a broader information society and gives rise to "reading reluctance." To provide evidence for this analysis, the results of a small-scale study testing the idea of a "functional knowledge deficit" are presented. Students were asked to identify metaphorical terms that are commonly used without definition in newspaper captions. The results revealed that students could only identify about 30% of these common expressions, and that they did not do better with terms derived from computers or the popular culture. Significant differences were also found between male and female responses. Both the implications of the findings and further avenues of research are discussed.
The New Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: The Impact of Tuition Increases at an Ontario University
Authors: Quirke Linda , Davies Scott
Published: December 2020

Recent increases in university tuition fees are part of a new entrepre- neurial trend in higher education in which institutions are expected to generate more of their own revenue. We examine the effects of this trend on access to universities for students of lower socioeconomic origins, and identify a series of cross cutting pressures. On the one hand, tuition fees pose an obvious financial barrier for these students, whom researchers have shown to be relatively cost-sensitive and debt-averse. On the other hand, the demand for university education among youth from all backgrounds remains buoyant, and student cultures may be increasingly resigned to accepting large debts to finance their schooling. We then examine empirical evidence from two surveys from the University of Guelph, along with some supplementary sources. We find that the representation of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds fell substantially during a decade of rising tuition costs. In discussing this finding, we link the phenomena of higher and de-regulated tuition to the new entrepreneurship, and argue that it has the potential to increasingly stratify Canadian higher education.
Canadian Postsecondary Students With Disabilities: Where Are They?
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Asuncicion Jennison V. , Barile Maria , Robillard Chantal , Fossey Myrtis E. , Lamb Daniel
Published: December 2020

Results of a Canada-wide and a Quebec based study of students with a variety of disabilities in Canadian postsecondary education are presented. Study 1 involved 156 professionals. They represent 80% of the population of professionals who provide on-campus disability support services. Results indicate that (1) 8% of postsecondary institutions reported not having any students with disabilities, (2) overall, 2% of students are registered to receive disability related services from their post- secondary institutions, and (3) this varies from 1/2% to 6% across the country. Junior/community colleges had a higher percentage of students with disabilities registered to receive disability related services (3 3/4%) than universities (1 2/3%). (4) Distance education had 3%. (5) Quebec has a smaller proportion of both college (2/3% vs 6%) and university (1/2%) vs 2 1/2%) students with disabilities than the rest of Canada. A targeted study involving 46 professionals who provide disability related services in Quebec's public junior/community colleges, the CEGEPs, revealed that lack of recognition of learning disabilities for postsecondary funding by the Quebec government is an important contributor to the small percentages, although it cannot explain the huge discrepancies between Quebec and the rest of Canada. Extrapolation suggests that there are over 100,000 students with disabilities currently enrolled in Canadian postsecondary education, although only 1/4 to 1/2 of them register to receive disability related services.
Enrolment Demand versus Accessibility at Canada's Universities
Authors: Giroux Robert J.
Published: December 2020

An increasing number of young Canadians want the benefits of a university education, placing huge demands on Canada's universities. Our universities have responded to this demand by increasing enrolment significantly over the past several years, but per-student funding levels have not kept pace. This enrolment growth is unsustainable without increased government support to boost institutional capacity and hence accessibility. Without additional funds, either access or educational quality—or both—will suffer.
The Academic Senate and University Governance in Canada
Authors: Jones Glen A. , Shanahan Theresa , Goyan Paul
Published: December 2020

This study examines the academic senate within the context of university governance in Canada. Data were obtained from a survey of university senate secretaries on senate structure, composition, and operation, and from a survey of senate members on their perceptions of the senate, their role as senate members, and the nature of their work. The study raises concerns over the effectiveness of the senate and suggests a need to review the senate and its role in contemporary university governance within the context of the current Canadian higher education environment.
Ontario Higher Education Reform, 1995-2003: From Modest Modifications to Policy Reform
Authors: Jones Glen A.
Published: December 2020

Ontario higher education system has moved far and fast in the past decade. The early 1990s saw "modest modifications and structural stability." Since 1995, under a neo-liberal government in Ontario, major policy initiatives, with objectives not unlike those already at large in western Europe and most of the United States, have quickly followed one another. The author proposes an explanation of the timing and dynamics of the Ontario reforms, describing the driving forces behind reform.