bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosuvastatin corrects oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LPS to attenuate cardiac injury by inhibiting the NLRP3/TLR4 pathway
Authors: Ren Guocheng , Zhou Qiujie , Lu Meili , Wang Hongxin
Published: February 2021

Rosuvastatin has been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether rosuvastatin was effective in attenuating cardiac injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – challenged mice and H9C2 cells and identify the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Cardiac injury, cardiac function, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and the NLRP3/TLR4 pathway were evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro studies. LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury was markedly attenuated by rosuvastatin treatment, evidenced by increased cell proliferation of H9C2 cells, rescued cardiac function, and improved morphological changes in mice and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB), and troponin I (cTnI) in serum. Apoptosis was clearly ameliorated in myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells co-treated with rosuvastatin. In addition, after LPS challenge, excessive oxidative stress was present, indicated by increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, NADPH activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Rosuvastatin improved all the indicators of oxidative stress, with an effect similar to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (an ROS scavenger). Notably, LPS-exposed H9C2 cells and mice showed significant NLRP3 and TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation and inflammatory responses. Administration of rosuvastatin reduced the increases in NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), pro-caspase-1, TLR4, and p65 expression and decreased the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and IL-6 contents, with an effect similar to that of MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor). In conclusion, inhibition of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress contributes to cardioprotective effect of rosuvastatin against cardiac injury induced by LPS, and the effect of rosuvastatin was achieved through inactivation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
Parametrization of the angular distribution of Cherenkov light in air showers
Authors: Arbeletche Luan B. , de Souza Vitor
Published: February 2021

The Cherenkov light produced in air showers largely contributes to the signal observed in ground-based gamma-ray and cosmic-ray observatories. Yet, no description of this phenomenon is available covering both regions of small and large angles to the shower axis. To fill this gap, a parametrization of the angular distribution of Cherenkov photons is performed in terms of a physically-motivated parametric function. Model parameters are constrained using simulated gamma-ray and proton showers with energies in the TeV to EeV region. As a result, a new parametrization is obtained that improves the precision of previous works. Results presented here can be used in the reconstruction of showers with imaging Cherenkov telescopes as well as in the reconstruction of shower profiles with fluorescence detectors.
Relating the curvature of De Sitter universe to open quantum Lamb shift spectroscopy
Authors: Bohra Hardik , Choudhury Sayantan , Chauhan Prashali , Narayan Purnima , Panda Sudhakar , Swain Abinash
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we explore the connection between the curvature of the background De Sitter space-time with the spectroscopic study of entanglement of two atoms. Our set up is in the context of an Open Quantum System (OQS), where the two atoms, each having two energy levels and represented by Pauli spin tensor operators projected along any arbitrary direction. The system mimic the role of a pair of freely falling Unruh De-Witt detectors, which are allowed to non-adiabatically interact with a conformally coupled massless probe scalar field which has the role of background thermal bath. The effective dynamics of this combined system takes into account of the non-adiabatic interaction, which is commonly known as the Resonant Casimir Polder Interaction (RCPI) with the thermal bath. Our analysis revels that the RCPI of two stable entangled atoms in the quantum vacuum states in OQS depends on the de Sitter space-time curvature relevant to the temperature of the thermal bath felt by the static observer. We also find that, in OQS, RCPI produces a new significant contribution appearing in the effective Hamiltonian of the total system and thermal bath under consideration. We find that the Lamb shift is characterised by a decreasing inverse square power law behaviour, $$L^{-2}$$

L

-
2

, when inter atomic Euclidean distance, L, is much larger than a characteristic length scale, k, which is the inverse surface gravity of the background De Sitter space. If the background space time would have been Minkowskian this shift decreases as, $$L^{-1}$$

L

-
1

, and is independent of temperature. Thus, we establish a connection between the curvature of the De Sitter space-time with the Lamb shift spectroscopy.
Lanczos potential of Weyl field: interpretations and applications
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram Gopal
Published: February 2021

An attempt is made to uncover the physical meaning and significance of the obscure Lanczos tensor field which is regarded as a potential of the Weyl field. Despite being a fundamental building block of any metric theory of gravity, the Lanczos tensor has not been paid proper attention as it deserves. By providing an elucidation on this tensor field through its derivation in some particularly chosen spacetimes, we try to find its adequate interpretation. Though the Lanczos field is traditionally introduced as a gravitational analogue of the electromagnetic 4-potential field, the performed study unearths its another feature – a relativistic analogue of the Newtonian gravitational force field. A new domain of applicability of the Lanczos tensor is introduced which corroborates this new feature of the tensor.
Group consensus in second-order multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Leng Hui , Wu Zhaoyan , Zhao Yi
Published: February 2021

In this paper, group consensus of second-order multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics is investigated. First, we design the distributed protocols for achieving group consensus, in which the strengths of the interactions among the agents are enhanced through tuning the coupling strengths. Further, taking the difference of the edges among agents into account, edge-based distributed protocols through tuning coupling weights of a fraction of edges are designed. Remarkably, only the edges of spanning tree in each group are pinned and the coupling strengths or weights of pinned edges are enhanced according to the updated laws. Both the types of distributed protocols are proved analytically and verified by numerical illustrations.
Distributed Core Decomposition in Probabilistic Graphs
Authors: Luo Qi , Yu Dongxiao , Li Feng , Cheng Xiuzheng , Cai Zhipeng , Yu Jiguo
Published: February 2021

This paper initializes distributed algorithm studies for core decomposition in probabilistic graphs. Core decomposition has been proven to be a useful primitive for a wide range of graph analyses, but it has rarely been studied in probabilistic graphs, especially in a distributed environment. In this work, under a distributed model underlying Pregel and live distributed systems, we present the first known distributed solutions for core decomposition in probabilistic graphs, where there is an existence probability for each edge. In the scenario that the existence probability of edges are known to nodes, the proposed algorithm can get the exact coreness of nodes with a high probability guarantee. The proposed algorithm can also be used to efficiently update the coreness of nodes in dynamic graphs, where a set of edges are inserted/deleted into/from the graph. In the harsher case that the existence probability is unknown, we present a novel method to estimate the existence probability of edges, based on which the coreness of nodes with small approximation ratio guarantee can be computed. Extensive experiments are conducted on different types of real-world graphs and synthetic graphs. The results illustrate that the proposed algorithms exhibit good efficiency, stability and scalability.
An Online Scheduling Problem on a Drop-Line Parallel Batch Machine with Delivery Times and Limited Restart
Authors: Liu Hailing , Lu Xiwen
Published: February 2021

This paper studies online scheduling on an unbounded drop-line parallel batch machine with delivery times and limited restarts. A drop-line parallel batch machine is a system that can process some jobs simultaneously as a batch. Jobs in a batch have the same starting time and the completion time of a job is equal to its starting time plus its processing time. Limited restarts mean that a running batch containing at least one restarted job cannot be restarted again. The objective is to minimize the time by which all jobs have been delivered. We prove that any online algorithm has a competitive ratio of at least [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the positive solution of the equation [Formula: see text]. We provide a best possible [Formula: see text]-competitive online algorithm for the problem. Furthermore, we study the restricted problem with small delivery times and provide a best possible online algorithm with a competitive ratio of [Formula: see text].
Scalar–tensor f(R) gravity model for late-time universe
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon
Published: February 2021

We suggest an [Formula: see text] gravity model constructed in the framework of scalar–tensor theory. To field equations in the model, we obtain an accelerating universe solution for the late-time and discuss a future behavior of the universe.
Remarks on the Abraham–Minkowski problem, from the formal and from the experimental side
Authors: Brevik Iver , Chaichian Masud , Cotăescu Ion I.
Published: February 2021

We analyze the Abraham–Minkowski problem known from classical electrodynamics from two different perspectives. First, we follow a formal approach, implying use of manifolds with curved space sections in accordance with Fermat’s principle, emphasizing that the resulting covariant and contravariant components of the photon four-momentum are a property linked to the Minkowski theory only. There is thus no link to the Abraham theory in that context. Next we turn to the experimental side, giving a brief account of older and newer radiation pressure experiments that clearly show how the Minkowski photon momentum is preferable under optical conditions. Under low-frequency conditions, where experimental detection of the individual oscillations predicted by the Abraham term are possible, the picture is however quite different.
On an attractive inverse-square potential in an elastic medium with a screw dislocation
Authors: Bakke K. , Furtado C.
Published: February 2021

We consider an elastic medium with the distortion of a circular curve into a vertical spiral. Then, we investigate the topological effects of a charged screw dislocation on the attractive inverse-square potential that stems from the interaction of the induced electric dipole moment of a neutral quasiparticle with an electric field. We show that an analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states can be obtained. In addition, we consider a rotating reference frame. Thus, we analyze an Aharonov–Bohm-type effect for bound states and the arising of a coupling between torsion and the angular velocity.
Practical single-photon receiving efficiency model based on Gaussian beam propagation
Authors: Xue Yang , Shi Lei , Li Jia-Hao , Li Tian-Xiu , Wei Jia-Hua , Yu Long-Qiang
Published: February 2021

Modern optical technology has greatly facilitated the implementation of free-space quantum key distribution. However, the influence of atmosphere on the beam propagation is always unpredictable and could impair the system performance to some extent. It is necessary to develop an efficient model that could describe the beam propagation and receiving. In this paper, a single-photon receiving efficiency model is proposed incorporating the single-photon acquisition probability and channel transmittance based on the Gaussian beam propagation. We also present simulation and experiment of beam-spot size widening through a 0.5 km free-space channel to verify the proposed model. The results show that with the increase of turbulence strengths, the single-photon acquisition probability will degrade more sharply. The single-photon receiving efficiency will decrease with the increment of the ratio between beam centroid deflection and the receiving aperture radius [Formula: see text].
Floating Memristor and Inverse Memristor Emulators with Electronic Tuning
Authors: Bhardwaj Kapil , Srivastava Mayank
Published: February 2021

The work reports two different configurations to emulate the floating memristor and inverse memristor behavior. The presented circuits are based on a modified concept of active element VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) termed as MVDTA. The reported floating memristor employs only a single MVDTA and single grounded capacitance. On the other end, the floating emulation circuit of inverse memristor emulator is based on two MVDTAs and single grounded capacitance. The behavior of the realized element for both the configurations can be tuned electronically through biasing voltage. Also, there is no employment of any commercial IC or external circuitry for multiplication of analogue voltages which is generally required to implement memristive elements. Along with the circuit implementations, mathematical properties of ideal memristor and inverse memristor considering both symmetric as well as nonsymmetric models are discussed. All the emulation circuits are verified by executing simulations using CMOS 0.18[Formula: see text]um process technique under PSPICE environment. The reported circuits are also realized using commercially available IC LM13700 and results are presented.
Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Fully Differential CMOS Opamp with a Novel Bandwidth Extension Technique for SoC Active Filter Applications
Authors: Kayanselçuk Toprak , Zencir Ertan
Published: February 2021

An ultra-wide bandwidth fully differential two-stage 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS operational amplifier (Opamp) is presented, which uses a novel bandwidth extension technique called “pole duplication”. This technique is based on relocating the dominant pole with the same location with a non-dominant pole and adjusting 3-dB frequency and stability with a compensation network. Simulation results show that the proposed Opamp has 103[Formula: see text]MHz 3-dB bandwidth with a 2[Formula: see text]pF load capacitor. It consumes 9[Formula: see text]mA current from 1.2-V supply. Transition frequency of 2.4[Formula: see text]GHz and a gain of 29[Formula: see text]dB is accomplished. A 2[Formula: see text]pF load capacitance can be driven at a phase margin of [Formula: see text]. The suggested pole duplication technique is used to achieve higher 3-dB cut-off frequencies by adjusting the load capacitor. Fully differential two-stage Opamp is presented, which uses a novel bandwidth extension technique, is suitable for SoC active filter applications with 40[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m layout area and ultra-wide 3-dB bandwidth.
A Training-Based Identification Approach to VIN Adversarial Examples in Path Planning
Authors: Wang Yingdi , Tian Yunzhe , Liu Jiqiang , Niu Wenjia , Tong Endong
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the problem of AI security has gradually emerged. Most existing machine learning algorithms may be attacked by adversarial examples. An adversarial example is a slightly modified input sample that can lead to a false result of machine learning algorithms. This poses a potential security threat for many AI applications. Especially in the domain of robot path planning, the adversarial maps may result in multiple harmful effects on the predicted path. However, there is no suitable approach to automatically identify them. To our knowledge, all previous works used manual observation method to identify the attack results of adversarial maps, which is time-consuming. Aiming at the existing problems, this paper explores a method to automatically identify the adversarial examples in Value Iteration Networks (VIN), which has a strong generalization ability. We analyze the possible scenarios caused by the adversarial maps. We propose a training-based identification approach to VIN adversarial examples by combining the path feature comparison and path image classification. Experiments show that our method can achieve a high-accuracy and effective identification on VIN adversarial examples.
A New Voltage Mode KHN Biquad Using VCII
Authors: Kulshrestha Sanuj , Bansal Deepak , Bansal Shivansh
Published: February 2021

The objective of this paper was to propose a second generation voltage conveyor (VCII)-based new voltage mode biquad, equivalent to Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) biquadratic circuit. The proposed circuit helped to efficiently add and subtract voltages by exploiting the virtual ground at one of the terminals of VCII, and without compromising on the features of the filters, such as the independent tuning of the quality factor (Q) and characteristic frequency ([Formula: see text]). The proposed circuit’s viability has been verified through LTspice simulations. The paper also presented the nonideal, the sensitivity, distortion, linearity and Monte Carlo analysis of the filters of the proposed circuit.
Design of Low-Cost Miniaturized Metamaterial-Based Circular Split-Ring Monopole Radiating System for LTE Applications
Authors: Surendar U. , Senthilkumar S. , William J.
Published: February 2021

A compact low-cost metamaterial circular monopole antenna for LTE applications is presented here. This paper addresses an asymmetric circular split-ring radiator for 2.6[Formula: see text]GHz (LTE-7 band), 3.5[Formula: see text]GHz (LTE-22 band). The design here employs split rings with varying split gaps in the consecutive ring layers of the radiating element which helped in achieving better impedance matching for obtaining multiband operation. The work presented here demonstrates the feasibility of achieving double negative material property, without loading the SRR’s separately in the system. The antenna was modeled using a 1.6[Formula: see text]mm thick FR-4 lossy material. The simulated results were compared with measured results and found to be in good agreement with each other. Employing asymmetric split ring as radiator helped in achieving 29% of size reduction in the patch layer. The modified split-ring radiator achieved directional radiation pattern and minimum side-lobe levels with a peak gain of 1.29 and 0.204[Formula: see text]dB at the lower band and upper band, respectively. The compact dimension [Formula: see text] of the radiating system makes it suitable for LTE-WLAN/Wi-Max applications.
Casimir effect in a Schwarzschild-like wormhole spacetime
Authors: Santos A. C. L. , Muniz C. R. , Oliveira L. T.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate the role of gravito-inertial effects on the Casimir energy of a massless scalar field confined between two parallel plates orbiting a static and zero tidal Schwarzschild-like wormhole, at zero temperature. Firstly, we obtain the metric in isotropic coordinates, finding the allowed angular velocities and the circular orbit radii for a material particle as well as for the photon. Following this, we compute the changes induced by both gravity and rotation of the plates in the energy density of the quantum vacuum fluctuations associated to the scalar field, in the zero tidal approximation inside the cavity. Finally, the Casimir energy obtained for some these wormholes are graphically compared between themselves and also with those ones related to an Ellis wormhole as well as to a Schwarzschild black hole. With this, the gravito-inertial effects on the quantum vacuum fluctuations analyzed in this work allow to recognize and identify both the geometry and topology of the spacetime associated to each one of these objects.
Polarization tensor in de Sitter gauge gravity
Authors: Raziani R. , Takook M. V.
Published: February 2021

The gauge theory of the de Sitter group, [Formula: see text], in the ambient space formalism has been considered in this paper. This method is important to construction of the de Sitter super-conformal gravity and Quantum gravity. [Formula: see text] gauge vector fields are needed which correspond to [Formula: see text] generators of the de Sitter group. Using the gauge-invariant Lagrangian, the field equations of these vector fields have been obtained. The gauge vector field solutions are recalled. By using these solutions, the spin-[Formula: see text] gauge potentials has been constructed. There are two possibilities for presenting this tensor field: rank-[Formula: see text] symmetric and mixed symmetry rank-[Formula: see text] tensor fields. To preserve the conformal transformation, a spin-[Formula: see text] field must be represented by a mixed symmetry rank-[Formula: see text] tensor field, [Formula: see text]. This tensor field has been rewritten in terms of a generalized polarization tensor field and a de Sitter plane wave. This generalized polarization tensor field has been calculated as a combination of vector polarization, [Formula: see text], and tensor polarization of rank-2, [Formula: see text], which can be used in the gravitational wave consideration. There is a certain extent of arbitrariness in the choice of this tensor and we fix it in such a way that, in the limit, [Formula: see text], one obtains the polarization tensor in Minkowski spacetime. It has been shown that under some simple conditions, the spin-[Formula: see text] mixed symmetry rank-[Formula: see text] tensor field can be simultaneously transformed by unitary irreducible representation of de Sitter and conformal groups ([Formula: see text]).
Prime, irreducible, and completely irreducible lattice preradicals on modular complete lattices (I)
Authors: Albu Toma , Castro Pérez Jaime , Ríos Montes José
Published: February 2021

Based on the concept of a lattice preradical recently introduced in [T. Albu and M. Iosif, Lattice preradicals with applications to Grothendieck categories and torsion theories, J. Algebra 444 (2015) 339–366], we present and investigate in this paper, the latticial counterparts of the concepts of prime and irreducible preradicals on the category Mod-[Formula: see text] of all unital right [Formula: see text]-modules over an associative ring [Formula: see text] with identity, introduced and studied in [F. Raggi, J. Ríos Montes, H. Rincón, R. Fernández-Alonso and C. Signoret, Prime and irreducible preradicals, J. Algebra Appl. 4 (2005) 451–466].
HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOWS THROUGH A VERTICAL DISEASED CORONARY ARTERY WITH HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: KOT M. A. EL , ELMABOUD Y. ABD
Published: February 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are now widely used because of their synthesis compatibility and less toxicity in several biomedical applications such as cancer treatment. From the fluid mechanics point of view, we examine the behavior of a mixture of gold and Titanium Oxide nanoparticles, which suspended in the blood as a base fluid in the diseased coronary artery. The main goal of this paper is to examine and shed light on the hybrid nanofluid flows through a vertical diseased artery in the presence of the catheter tube with heat transfer. The mathematical model is established and then solved with the Laplace and the finite Hankel transforms. The inverse of the transformed functions has been calculated numerically. The velocity, the pressure, the impedance and the heat transfer are discussed graphically. It is noteworthy to mention that the mixture of the nanoparticles dispersed in the blood needs high pressure to push it. The impedance of blood is proportional to the overall volume concentration of the nanoparticles and Reynolds number.
An Adaptive Personalized Property Investment Risk Analysis Method Based on Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Atiqah Rochin Demong Nur , Lu Jie , Khadeer Hussain Farookh
Published: February 2021

Risk assessment analysis for investment decisions largely depends on expert judgment using traditional approaches and is lacking in considering investors’ different preferences and limitations. This paper proposes an adaptive personalized property investment risk analysis (APPIRA) method to identify the property investment determinants using a data-driven and personalized approach to weight the risk factors using the multicriteria decision model for optimal solutions. Result for predictive modeling using value prediction technique that measures the median house price depicts that the best method used was nonseasonal ARIMA. Furthermore, classification technique indicates that in each of the three selected suburbs, different property characteristics determined the rental properties desirable. As shown in result, for the investors who plan to invest in property for rental purposes, they need to choose townhouse type or property to make it rentable while for Vaucluse, terrace houses. These results can be applied into practice and will benefit the property industry directly.
Simulation and comparison of single and differential ended CG-CS LNA for Cognitive Radio
Authors: Sarala B. , Rukmani Devi S. , Hepzibah Jasmine , Gunasekhar P. , Sheela J. Joseline Jeya
Published: February 2021

In this paper, comparison of common gate-common source single ended and differential ended Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for Cognitive Radio (CR) receiver is presented. LNA for CR receiver architectures operating over a frequency range of 50–900[Formula: see text]MHz is designed for narrow band applications. In this work, Noise figure (NF), Third-Order Intercept Point (IIP3), voltage gain and scattering parameters (SP) have been analyzed. The voltage gain is 10.16866[Formula: see text]dB for single ended and 29.21371[Formula: see text]dB for differential ended, NF is 1.012[Formula: see text]dB for single ended and 3.8[Formula: see text]dB for differential ended. Power gain (S21) obtained is 15.67481[Formula: see text]dB for single ended and 14.89[Formula: see text]dB for differential ended. Compression point is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB for single ended and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB for differential ended, Third-Order Intercept Point (IIP3) is 1.97705 for single ended and 5.01608[Formula: see text]dB for differential ended amplifier, respectively. The design has been implemented using CMOS technology with cadence virtuoso design environment/automation tools.
Combinatorial proof of the minimal excludant theorem
Authors: Ballantine Cristina , Merca Mircea
Published: February 2021

The minimal excludant of a partition [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is the smallest positive integer that is not a part of [Formula: see text]. For a positive integer [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] denotes the sum of the minimal excludants of all partitions of [Formula: see text]. Recently, Andrews and Newman obtained a new combinatorial interpretation for [Formula: see text]. They showed, using generating functions, that [Formula: see text] equals the number of partitions of [Formula: see text] into distinct parts using two colors. In this paper, we provide a purely combinatorial proof of this result and new properties of the function [Formula: see text]. We generalize this combinatorial interpretation to [Formula: see text], the sum of least [Formula: see text]-gaps in all partitions of [Formula: see text]. The least [Formula: see text]-gap of a partition [Formula: see text] is the smallest positive integer that does not appear at least [Formula: see text] times as a part of [Formula: see text].
Influence of structural factors on thermal stress in skutterudite-based thermoelectric module
Authors: Li Junwei , Huang Hui , Liu Ruiheng , Song Qinfeng , Bai Shengqiang , Chen Lidong
Published: February 2021

Thermoelectric (TE) modules for power generation usually operate under high temperatures and large temperature differences, which inevitably introduce thermal stress in the modules. Suppressing the thermal stress is then one of the important issues for improving the service reliability of TE modules. In the past decades, various approaches have been developed for the design optimization of TE module primarily being focused on the enhancement of conversion efficiency, while the influence of structural factors on the module’s mechanical reliability is often overlooked. In this work, we proposed a multi-objective optimization strategy by using the finite element method to evaluate the structural reliability of a TE module, which integrates the module mounting mode, configurational structure of ceramic substrates, thickness of ceramic substrates and electrodes, cross-sectional shape of TE legs, and gaps between [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-type legs. As a typical sample, the thermal stress of an 8-pair skutterudite (SKD)-based TE module with the framework dimensions of 20 × 22 × 12 mm3 was well studied under the service conditions. The results reveal that a split structure of ceramic substrates and a pressing mounting mode with 2 MPa pressure on the module’s hot-side can significantly reduce the thermal stress in the module. Meanwhile, increasing the gap distance between [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-type legs, rounding the square column shaped legs, using thin ceramic substrate and thick electrode also can relieve the thermal stress somewhat. The simulation gives a comprehensive solution to reduce the thermal stress and enhance the module’s service reliability for the practical applications through structure optimization.
The metric dimension & distance spectrum of non-commuting graph of dihedral group
Authors: Banerjee Subarsha
Published: February 2021

The non-commuting graph [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text] has vertex set as [Formula: see text] and any two vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we have determined the metric dimension and resolving polynomial of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the dihedral group of order [Formula: see text]. The distance spectrum of [Formula: see text] has also been determined for all [Formula: see text].
A compact scheme for two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional wave equations
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Ren Min
Published: February 2021

Based on the equivalent integro-differential form of the considered problem, a numerical approach to solving the two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional wave equations (NTFWEs) is considered in this paper. To this end, an alternating direction implicit (ADI) numerical scheme is derived. The scheme is established by combining the second-order convolution quadrature formula and Crank–Nicolson technique in time and a fourth-order difference approach in space. The convergence and unconditional stability of the proposed compact ADI scheme are strictly discussed after a concise solvability analysis. A numerical example is shown to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
Analyzing Industry 4.0 Implementation Barriers in Indian SMEs
Authors: Kumar Girish , Bakshi Arjun , Khandelwal Anurag , Panchal Anuj , Soni Umang
Published: February 2021

Production in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) makes a substantial contribution to the Gross Domestic Product directly and indirectly in developing economies including India. In the present time, applying Industry 4.0 to the SMEs will build a smart manufacturing system that will prove to be economically feasible as well as socially sustainable. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize major barriers of implementing Industry 4.0 in Indian SMEs. A questionnaire with 12 barriers which were identified based on the literature survey and expert discussion was made to be filled by industry experts of production, information technology, business and members of the top management in SMEs. Further, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods like TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE are used to find the rank for each barrier. The study reveals that the major implementation barriers of Industry4.0 in Indian SMEs are fear of unemployment, lack of IT training, poor IT infrastructure, etc. The ranking for each barrier will not only help to assess risks in manufacturing, supply chain or business initiative, but also to help the managers in devising risk mitigation plans. This study may be used by firms working under the manufacturing sector.
Computational Capacity of Complex Memcapacitive Networks
Authors: Tran Dat , Teuscher Christof
Published: February 2021

Emerging memcapacitive nanoscale devices have the potential to perform computations in new ways. In this article, we systematically study, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the computational capacity of complex memcapacitive networks, which function as reservoirs inreservoir computing,one of the brain-inspired computing architectures. Memcapacitive networks are composed of memcapacitive devices randomly connected through nanowires. Previous studies have shown that both regular and random reservoirs provide sufficient dynamics to perform simple tasks. How do complex memcapacitive networks illustrate their computational capability, and what are the topological structures of memcapacitive networks that solve complex tasks with efficiency? Studies show that small-world power-law (SWPL) networks offer an ideal trade-off between the communication properties and the wiring cost of networks. In this study, we illustrate the computing nature of SWPL memcapacitive reservoirs by exploring the two essential properties: fading memory and linear separation through measurements of kernel quality. Compared to ideal reservoirs, nanowire memcapacitive reservoirs had a better dynamic response and improved their performance by 4.67% on three tasks: MNIST, Isolated Spoken Digits, and CIFAR-10. On the same three tasks, compared to memristive reservoirs, nanowire memcapacitive reservoirs achieved comparable performance with much less power, on average, about 99× , 17×, and 277×, respectively. Simulation results of the topological transformation of memcapacitive networks reveal that that topological structures of the memcapacitive SWPL reservoirs did not affect their performance but significantly contributed to the wiring cost and the power consumption of the systems. The minimum trade-off between the wiring cost and the power consumption occurred at different network settings ofαandβ: 4.5 and 0.61 forBiolekreservoirs, 2.7 and 1.0 forMohamedreservoirs, and 3.0 and 1.0 forNajemreservoirs. The results of our research illustrate the computational capacity of complex memcapacitive networks as reservoirs in reservoir computing. Such memcapacitive networks with an SWPL topology are energy-efficient systems that are suitable for low-power applications such as mobile devices and the Internet of Things.
Perception and Signaling of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Plants
Authors: Podolec Roman , Demarsy Emilie , Ulm Roman
Published: February 2021

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an intrinsic fraction of sunlight that plants perceive through the UVR8 photoreceptor. UVR8 is a homodimer in its ground state that monomerizes upon UV-B photon absorption via distinct tryptophan residues. Monomeric UVR8 competitively binds to the substrate binding site of COP1, thus inhibiting its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity against target proteins, which include transcriptional regulators such as HY5. The UVR8–COP1 interaction also leads to the destabilization of PIF bHLH factor family members. Additionally, UVR8 directly interacts with and inhibits the DNA binding of a different set of transcription factors. Each of these UVR8 signaling mechanisms initiates nuclear gene expression changes leading to UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and acclimation. The two WD40-repeat proteins RUP1 and RUP2 provide negative feedback regulation and inactivate UVR8 by facilitating redimerization. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the UVR8 pathway from UV-B perception and signal transduction to gene expression changes and physiological UV-B responses.
How Physical Interactions Shape Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Maier Berenike
Published: February 2021

Biofilms are structured communities formed by a single or multiple microbial species. Within biofilms, bacteria are embedded into extracellular matrix, allowing them to build macroscopic objects. Biofilm structure can respond to environmental changes such as the presence of antibiotics or predators. By adjusting expression levels of surface and extracellular matrix components, bacteria tune cell-to-cell interactions. One major challenge in the field is the fact that these components are very diverse among different species. Deciphering how physical interactions within biofilms are affected by changes in gene expression is a promising approach to obtaining a more unified picture of how bacteria modulate biofilms. This review focuses on recent advances in characterizing attractive and repulsive forces between bacteria in correlation with biofilm structure, dynamics, and spreading. How bacteria control physical interactions to maximize their fitness is an emerging theme.
The Sliding Filament Theory Since Andrew Huxley: Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Muscle Research
Authors: Powers Joseph D. , Malingen Sage A. , Regnier Michael , Daniel Thomas L.
Published: February 2021

Two groundbreaking papers published in 1954 laid out the theory of the mechanism of muscle contraction based on force-generating interactions between myofilaments in the sarcomere that cause filaments to slide past one another during muscle contraction. The succeeding decades of research in muscle physiology have revealed a unifying interest: to understand the multiscale processes—from atom to organ—that govern muscle function. Such an understanding would have profound consequences for a vast array of applications, from developing new biomimetic technologies to treating heart disease. However, connecting structural and functional properties that are relevant at one spatiotemporal scale to those that are relevant at other scales remains a great challenge. Through a lens of multiscale dynamics, we review in this article current and historical research in muscle physiology sparked by the sliding filament theory.
The Innate Immune Response toMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection
Authors: Ravesloot-Chávez Mariëtta M. , Van Dis Erik , Stanley Sarah A.
Published: February 2021

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates the course of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate the adaptive response and determine its characteristics. Macrophages are responsible both for exerting cell-intrinsic antimicrobial control and for initiating and maintaining inflammation. The inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is a double-edged sword. While cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 are important for protection, either excessive or insufficient cytokine production results in progressive disease. Furthermore, neutrophils—cells normally associated with control of bacterial infection—are emerging as key drivers of a hyperinflammatory response that results in host mortality. The roles of other innate cells, including natural killer cells and innate-like T cells, remain enigmatic. Understanding the nuances of both cell-intrinsic control of infection and regulation of inflammation will be crucial for the successful development of host-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.
Quantum Dynamics of Exciton Transport and Dissociation in Multichromophoric Systems
Authors: Popp Wjatscheslaw , Brey Dominik , Binder Robert , Burghardt Irene
Published: February 2021

Due to the subtle interplay of site-to-site electronic couplings, exciton delocalization, nonadiabatic effects, and vibronic couplings, quantum dynamical studies are needed to elucidate the details of ultrafast photoinduced energy and charge transfer events in organic multichromophoric systems. In this vein, we review an approach that combines first-principles parameterized lattice Hamiltonians with accurate quantum dynamical simulations using advanced multiconfigurational methods. Focusing on the elementary transfer steps in organic functional materials, we address coherent exciton migration and creation of charge transfer excitons in homopolymers, notably representative of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) material, as well as exciton dissociation at polymer:fullerene heterojunctions. We emphasize the role of coherent transfer, trapping effects due to high-frequency phonon modes, and thermal activation due to low-frequency soft modes that drive a diffusive dynamics.
Exploring the Mechanism of Crashes with Autonomous Vehicles Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Hengrui , Chen Hong , Zhou Ruiyu , Liu Zhizhen , Sun Xiaoke
Published: February 2021

The safety issue has become a critical obstacle that cannot be ignored in the marketization of autonomous vehicles (AVs). The objective of this study is to explore the mechanism of AV-involved crashes and analyze the impact of each feature on crash severity. We use the Apriori algorithm to explore the causal relationship between multiple factors to explore the mechanism of crashes. We use various machine learning models, including support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to analyze the crash severity. Besides, we apply the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) to interpret the importance of each factor. The results indicate that XGBoost obtains the best result (recall = 75%; G-mean = 67.82%). Both XGBoost and Apriori algorithm effectively provided meaningful insights about AV-involved crash characteristics and their relationship. Among all these features, vehicle damage, weather conditions, accident location, and driving mode are the most critical features. We found that most rear-end crashes are conventional vehicles bumping into the rear of AVs. Drivers should be extremely cautious when driving in fog, snow, and insufficient light. Besides, drivers should be careful when driving near intersections, especially in the autonomous driving mode.
CAMPO Precision128 Max ENERGY Spectrum CT Combined with Multiple Parameters to Evaluate the Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Wu Cuicui , Li Zhongtao , Ding Yan , Wen Lijuan , Wang Li
Published: February 2021

The emergence of energy spectrum CT provides greater diagnostic value for clinical practice. Its advantage is that it can provide more functional imaging parameters and accurate image information for clinical practice, which represents a mainstream direction of CT technology development at present. This paper mainly studies the clinical trial of CAMPO Precision128 Max ENERGY spectrum CT combined with multiple parameters to evaluate the benign and malignant pleural effusion. This paper analyzes the principle and key performance parameters of energy spectrum CT imaging, the etiology of pleural effusion, and its conventional diagnostic methods and uses energy spectrum CT to detect the benign and malignant pleural effusion. In this paper, two groups of patients with different types of pleural effusions were scanned by line spectrum chest CT scans, and energy spectrum analysis software was used to measure and calculate the CT values of conventional mixed energy values of ROI of patients with pleural effusions. For the CT value and energy curve slope measurement value of different single energy keV, independent sample t-test was used to analyze and compare the two sets of data, and finally it has been found out that the two sets of data were similar. According to the experimental results, the curves of energy spectrum of the two groups of data are similar in the descending curve of bow-back. The slope of energy spectrum curve in the leakage group was lower than that in the exudate group, showing statistical significance (

P
<
0.05

). The slope of energy spectrum curve K in the malignant pleural effusion group was significantly higher than that in the benign pleural effusion group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The trend of energy spectrum curves of the two is roughly the same, while at the high energy level, part of the energy spectrum curves of the two are overlapped. The above conclusion indicates that energy spectrum CT plays a certain role in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. At the same time, energy spectrum CT also provides a noninvasive and rapid examination method for clinical differentiation of pleural effusion, which has certain clinical application value and prospect.
Antioxidant Activity of Potato Seedlings at Different Storage Temperatures
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Junlian , Liu Chang , Arabmarkadeh Arash
Published: February 2021

In order to promote the storage and growth of potato seedlings, the antioxidant activities of potato seedlings at different storage temperatures were analyzed. The antioxidant activities of potato seedlings at two different temperatures were compared. In addition, the effects of high temperature and normal temperature on the growth phenotype and antioxidant system physiological indexes of potato seedlings were analyzed by high temperature treatment. According to the significant change characteristics of SOD activity of antioxidant index at different temperatures, the SOD genes of potato were screened and bioinformatics analysis and gene expression analysis were carried out. The results showed that high temperature inhibited the antioxidant activity of potato seedlings and affected the growth of potato seedlings. The growth of potato seedlings can be promoted in medium and low temperature environment. In the future research, the experimental results can be used as the theoretical basis for potato planting.
Optimal Power Allocation for Cooperative Pattern Division Multiple Access Systems
Authors: Zhang Xiurong , Kang Shaoli , Fu Xueqian
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on the power allocation (PA) problem in code division multiple access (PDMA) networks with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays. We provide two wireless communication technical performance indexes, which are system throughput and outage probability. A multiobjective version of particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve Pareto-optimal solutions for optimal PA problems. A novel programming model is built based on improvement of constraint functions, and the accuracy and efficiency of solution can be improved via compact constraints. The technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution is proposed to balance the performance indicators, which include outage probability and system throughput. It has been calculated that the proposed approach for optimal PA is verified and performs better than a genetic algorithm approach.
Matrix Factorization Recommendation Algorithm Based on Multiple Social Relationships
Authors: Bin Sheng , Sun Gengxin
Published: February 2021

With the widespread use of social networks, social recommendation algorithms that add social relationships between users to recommender systems have been widely applied. Existing social recommendation algorithms only introduced one type of social relationship to the recommendation system, but in reality, there are often multiple social relationships among users. In this paper, a new matrix factorization recommendation algorithm combined with multiple social relationships is proposed. Through experiment results analysis on the Epinions dataset, the proposed matrix factorization recommendation algorithm has a significant improvement over the traditional and matrix factorization recommendation algorithms that integrate a single social relationship.