bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enunciados de estímulo à cultura participativa na TV Globo e a formação de um acontecimento discursivo
Authors: Moreira Diego Gouveia
Published: August 2021

A televisão vem passando por diversas mudanças, provocadas, entre outros fatores, pela cultura participativa. No Brasil, a TV Globo também se reposicionou para continuar atraindo a atenção de sua audiência. Este artigo problematiza como os discursos de estímulo à cultura participativa constituem um acontecimento discursivo, nos termos de Michel Foucault (2007), diante da ordem do discurso da TV Globo. Para mostrar isso, são apontadas como condições de existência desses novos enunciados: a cultura da convergência e a ascensão de uma nova classe consumidora no país. Esses vetores são os dois que julgamos mais importantes para compreender o reposicionamento da TV Globo. Um deles diretamente ligado às transformações do ecossistema midiático e outro mais associado às mudanças no campo social e cultural. O objetivo é mostrar que o reposicionamento da Globo e a instauração de discursos de estímulo à participação se deram a partir do surgimento de uma nova classe social e também da própria cultura da convergência, sendo esta ligada ao ecossistema midiático, e aquela a mudanças no campo social e cultural. Ao longo do trabalho, são discutidas teorias sobre televisão, cultura da convergência, cultura participativa, estudos sobre a nova classe consumidora e postulações sobre acontecimento discursivo. Diante disso, é traçado um panorama das transformações empreendidas pela emissora para se aproximar dessa nova classe e também para atender as demandas da cultura da convergência. Ao final, constata-se que a principal resposta dada pela emissora foi o investimento em estratégias transmídias, diversos programas de engajamento propostos pelos produtores (destinador corporativo/institucional) aos consumidores (destinatários), explorando suas competências para buscar e articular conteúdos nas diversas mídias e plataformas.
Effect of a Physician/Pharmacist Collaborative Care Model on Time in Target Range for Systolic Blood Pressure: Post Hoc Analysis of the CAPTION Trial
Authors: Dixon Dave L. , Baker William L. , Buckley Leo F. , Salgado Teresa M. , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Carter Barry L.
Published: August 2021

Longer time in target range (TTR) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Team-based care improves SBP control but its effect on the consistency of SBP control over time is unknown. This post hoc analysis used data from a cluster-randomized trial of a physician/pharmacist collaborative model that randomized medical offices to either a 9- or 24-month pharmacist intervention or control group. TTR for SBP was calculated using linear interpolation and an SBP range of 110 to 130 mm Hg. TTR is reported as median values and group comparisons assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Of the 625 participants enrolled, 524 had 9-month and 366 had 24-month SBP data. Participants were a median 59 years old, 59% female, and 52% minority. After 24 months, the median TTR for SBP was 31.9% and 29.8% for the 9- and 24-month intervention groups, respectively, compared with 19% in the control group (
P
=0.0068). This observation persisted in the subgroup of participants with diabetes or chronic kidney disease and minorities. A longer TTR was not associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events. Time to first observed SBP in the target range was shorter in the intervention group compared with control (270 versus 365 days;
P
=0.0047). A physician/pharmacist collaborative care model achieved longer TTR for SBP compared with control (usual care).
Redescriptions of North American Epidamaeus (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) species proposed by N. Banks, H.E. Ewing, A.P. Jacot, and J.W. Wilson
Authors: NORTON ROY A. , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: August 2021

Early American acarologists proposed several species that have been recombined to the oribatid mite genus Epidamaeus (Damaeidae), but none has been redescribed to modern standards. These include E. puritanicus (Banks, 1906), E. michaeli (Ewing, 1909), E. globifer (Ewing, 1913), E. florida (Wilson, 1936), E. olitor (Jacot, 1937), and E. craigheadi (Jacot, 1939). We redescribe and illustrate these species, based on available type specimens and other material in various collections, and give an indication of their overall distributions. Juvenile instars are at least partly described for all except E. florida and E. olitor. Since these six collectively include the most encountered Epidamaeus species in the eastern USA, a diagnostic key is presented that also includes E. arcticola (Hammer, 1952), which is reliably recorded from eastern North America (New Hampshire) for the first time. A neotype is selected for E. michaeli, which is considered a senior subjective synonym of E. canadensis (Banks, 1909) [new syn.]. Synonymy of E. puritanicus with E. grandjeani (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957) is rejected.
Review of the genus Papagona Ball, 1935 (Hemiptera: Caliscelidae) including a new Neotropical species
Authors: DE FREITAS ABNER S. , ZAHNISER JAMES N. , TAKIYA DANIELA M.
Published: August 2021

Papagona Ball, 1935 was originally described based on two species from the USA (Arizona). Both species of Papagona (P. papoosa Ball, 1935, type species of genus, and P. succinea Ball, 1935) are redescribed herein based on type specimens, including their previously unknown internal male genitalia. A new species from Brazil (Roraima) is described herein including the male and female terminalia. A taxonomic key to all included species is provided and additional diagnostic characters for this genus are proposed.
Taking the HIGHWAY to Save Lives on Lake Victoria
Authors: Roberts Rita D. , Goodman Steven J. , Wilson James W. , Watkiss Paul , Powell Robert , Petersen Ralph A. , Bain Caroline , Faragher John , Chang’a Ladislaus B. , Kapkwomu Julius Kiprop , Oloo Paul N. , Sebaziga Joseph N. , Hartley Andrew , Donovan Timothy , Mittermaier Marion , Cronce Lee , Virts Katrina S.
Published: August 2021

Up to 1,000 drowning deaths occur every year on Lake Victoria in East Africa. Nocturnal thunderstorms are one of the main culprits for the high winds and waves that cause fishing boats to capsize. The High Impact Weather Lake System (HIGHWAY) project was established to develop an Early Warning System for Lake Victoria. Prior to HIGHWAY, weather forecasts for the lake were overly general and not trusted. Under the HIGHWAY project, forecasters from weather service offices in East Africa worked with leaders of fishing communities and Beach Management Units to develop marine forecasts and hazardous-weather warnings that were meaningful to fishermen and other stakeholders. Forecasters used high-resolution satellite, radar, and lightning observations collected during a HIGHWAY field campaign, along with guidance from numerical weather prediction models and a 4.4-km resolution Tropical Africa model, to produce specific forecasts and warnings for 10 zones over the lake. Forecasts were communicated to thousands of people by radio broadcasters, local intermediaries, and via smartphones using the WhatsApp application. Fishermen, ferry-boat operators, and lakeside communities used the new marine forecasts to plan their daytime and nighttime activities on the lake. A socioeconomic benefits study conducted by HIGHWAY found that ∼75% of the people are now using the forecasts to decide if and when to travel on the lake. Significantly, a 30% reduction in drowning fatalities on the lake is likely to have occurred, which, when combined with the reduction in other weather-related losses, generates estimated socioeconomic benefits of $44 million per year due to the HIGHWAY project activities; the new marine forecasts and warnings are helping to save lives and property.
An Eulerian Scheme for Identifying Fronts and Vortices in Quasi-Balanced Flows
Authors: Bachman Scott D.
Published: August 2021

The identification of vortices in a fluid flow is a dynamically interesting problem that has practical applications in oceanography due to the outsized role eddies play in water mass, heat, and tracer transport. Here a new Eulerian scheme is developed to detect both vortices and strongly strained fronts, which are both ubiquitous in the World Ocean. The new scheme is conceptually linked to the well-known Okubo–Weiss parameter, but is extended to quasigeostrophic flows by recognizing the strong role played by vertical shear in ocean dynamics. Adapted from the 2 criterion for vortex identification, the scheme considers the curvature of the pressure field as the differentiator between vortical and strained flow structures, and it is shown that its underlying geometry also exhibits characteristics of quasigeostrophic flow. The uses and skill of the scheme are demonstrated using a high-resolution regional ocean simulation, and prospects for its use with observational products are discussed.
Influence of coupling agent on post-consumption polypropylene composites reinforced with malt bagasse fibers
Authors: Stefani Daniela , Dahlem Júnior Marcos Aurélio , Francisquetti Edson Luiz , Reis Fernando da Silva dos , Borsoi Cleide , Hansen Betina , Catto André Luis
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the use of coupling agent (CA) on the properties of thermoplastic composites produced from post-consumer polypropylene (rPP) and malt bagasse fibers (MB) of brewing industry. The CA used was maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (MAgPP). The study was carried out in two stages: in first step the best concentration of MB fibers was verified, where was varied the fiber contents between 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w); in the second step, the best MB concentration evaluated was used with different CA concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% w/w). Of the three MB concentrations evaluated as reinforcing filler, the sample with a 30% (w/w) ratio presented 44% lower deformation than the others, presenting better mechanical resistance, although it also presented the highest water absorption. Thus, the 30% MB fiber content was chosen for two step, where the results showed that the PP/MB-30 composite treated with 3% (w/w) CA had a modulus of elasticity 10.3% higher than the same composite without CA, corroborating with the morphological analysis, which indicated better interfacial adhesion between composite components when CA was used. The PP/MB-30 composite treated with 1% (w/w) CA showed the highest thermal stability among all samples.
Dark Times and Second Chances: Perceived Growth From Adversity
Authors: Ogletree Aaron M. , Blieszner Rosemary
Published: August 2021

Using a lifespan perspective, we investigated a neglected aspect of research on religion, namely, whether perceptions of growth from adversity might strengthen religious worldviews, thus accounting for feelings about one's own death in old age. A directed content analysis of in-depth interviews from 16 adults aged 65+ focused on life events, religious worldviews, and death. Findings suggested that participants’ religious worldview beliefs were associated with positive reinterpretation of lifespan adversities such that stressors functioned as opportunities for spiritual growth. Participants’ views of and beliefs about death were without fear, indicating the potential influence of highly individualized and deeply spiritual religious worldview beliefs on the abatement of death fear.
Tactile Vision: A Personal View
Authors: Guarniero Gerard
Published: August 2021

The author, who is congenitally blind, describes two training programs with a Tactile Vision Substitution System (TVSS), including a mobile version of the device. After mastering the working of the System, which occupied most of the first training program, the author was able to identify specific objects (providing he had previously been “shown” them and had them named) and to grasp such visual concepts as two-point perspective and monocular cues of depth. The TVSS could not perform as either a mobility aid or as a reading device.
Abilities Structure of Congenitally Blind Persons: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Miller Laurence R.
Published: August 2021

A principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed for a sample of male adult congenitally blind persons. Seventeen variables were measured, including the six WAIS Verbal subtests, the six HISAB subtests, the Category Width Scale, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, the Rigidity Scale, a measure of sophistication of body concept, and vision. The analysis produced five factors, three of which are small specific factors. The first common factor, described as nonverbal ability, is of substantial magnitude and suggests that these measures clearly assess areas of intellectual functioning not tapped by verbal testing alone, and that level of useful vision is a highly important consideration in evaluating the test performance of this group. The second common factor is described as verbal intelligence, and it is proposed that much of the variance involved in tests of Information, Vocabulary, Similarities, and Comprehension can be attributed to verbal memory and that these four tests provide an adequate assessment of learning potential for this group. Standard regression coefficients for computing factor scores are provided. The validity data presented should facilitate the application of the cognitive style approach to further research with congenitally blind persons.
Assessing the Needs of a Blind Client Population
Authors: Delaney Anne Marie , Nuttall Ronald L.
Published: August 2021

A needs assessment was conducted to measure perceived unmet needs of the blind population of Massachusetts. Some 1,050 client interviews were conducted, using a sample stratified by age and region. The results indicated that the highest needs were for instruments specifically designed for the blind, such as low vision devices and the Optacon; transportation services, especially public transit and volunteer drivers; recreation services; training in daily living procedures; and medical health care. Very little need was expressed for personal or family counseling services, and there was relatively little need for housing services.
College Preparatory Program for Visually Impaired Students: An Evaluation
Authors: Martin Virgene , Martin Roger , Hapeman Lawrence
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of a nine-week college preparation summer program for visually impaired high school students is evaluated. Feedback from the students and their rehabilitation counselors indicates that the program increased the readiness of the students in the areas of communication, studying, personal-social and mobility.
Abbreviated WAIS for Administration by Blind Persons: A Preliminary Study
Authors: King Daniel W. , Bashey Husain I.
Published: August 2021

This pilot study investigates a method by which blind individuals might administer an abbreviated form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The six subtests of the verbal portion of the WAIS were recorded on cassette tapes and administered to 24 participants. Reliabilities of each of the subtests and the composite Verbal Short Form (VSF) were comparable to those reported by Wechsler (1955). Correlations between VSF and WAIS verbal and full-scale IQs demonstrated that the VSF is a potentially valid instrument for the measurement of intelligence. Further research with the VSF is suggested to substantiate the generalizability of these preliminary results.
Cognitive Mapping by the Blind
Authors: Casey Steven M.
Published: August 2021

In an effort to study the cognitive mapping abilities of blind persons, tactile maps of a school campus were made by ten congenitally blind and ten blindfolded partially sighted high school students. Although some blind students made well-organized and accurate maps of the campus, most of the maps made by the congenitally blind subjects were poorly organized and integrated as compared with maps made by the blindfolded partially sighted subjects. Blind persons exhibit varying methods for categorizing the elements of a large environment, and the method of cognitive mapping is believed to be related to how well a person can negotiate within the environment.
Orientation to Low Vision Aids
Authors: Kelleher Dennis K.
Published: August 2021

This article orients the reader to numerous aspects of low vision aids, including types of aids, function of aids, training sequence and considerations, a non-technical description of visual acuity, and favorable prognostic factors in using low vision aids. A brief annotated resource list is included.
Perception of the Capabilities and Personality of a Blind Radio Interviewer
Authors: Kushnir T. , Stratford B.
Published: August 2021

The study investigated students’ perception of a radio interviewer's capabilities and personality. Half the subjects were told he was blind and the rest were not given this information. Opinions relating to the ‘blind’ interviewer were significantly more favorable. This finding contradicts the extensive literature indicating stereotyped negative attitudes toward the blind. Several explanations of the findings are discussed.
Blindness Statistics (Part 1): An Analysis of Operational Options
Authors: Schein Jerome D. , Desantis Vito J.
Published: August 2021

Blind agencies constantly need statistics for planning, administering and evaluating their services, as well as for their programs of prevention. The article compares four means of estimating the size and characteristics of the blind population with respect to accuracy and cost, and recommends a powerful, relatively inexpensive method.
Teachers’ Verbalizations and the Social Interaction of Blind Preschoolers
Authors: Workman Susan H.
Published: August 2021

Data suggest that teachers can facilitate interactions between blind preschoolers and their sighted peers by the use of verbal cues. The most useful cues appear to be descriptions of the social environment, direct prompts to the target child, and indirect prompts to other children in the group. Also, there are teacher-child interaction patterns that appear to hinder interaction with peers; these are indicated, and the discussion provides teachers with a basis for thinking about social interaction and ways of helping young children organize their social environment.
The Need for Motor Development Programs for Visually Impaired Preschoolers
Authors: Palazesi Margot A.
Published: August 2021

Visually impaired children have difficulty acquiring spatial orientation concepts necessary for proficient locomotive movements and independent mobility. The majority of past research on remedying spatial deficits has focused on older visually impaired individuals. It is the purpose of this paper to advocate the development of movement programs for preschool visually impaired children in order to compensate for their orientation deficits. Skills necessary for acquisition of spatial concepts should be taught through movement programs at an early age in the normal developmental sequence instead of attempting to remedy deficits at a later age.
Post-Rehabilitation Use of Adaptive Skills
Authors: Ponchillia Paul E. , Kaarlela Ruth
Published: August 2021

This paper describes a study designed to identify the ways in which blind and visually impaired persons utilize adaptive skills following successful rehabilitation. In addition, the effects of certain personal characteristics on the use of such skills was measured. The skills utilized most frequently and at the highest levels were, as expected, related to caring for one's daily living needs. Those reported least frequently related to specialized needs, such as braille, typing, and independent travel. Chi-square analyses demonstrated significant relationships between educational level and typing skills (p = .04), degree of vision and handwriting skills (p < .01), degree of vision and personal management skills (p <.01), age of onset and listening and recording skills (p = .01), and age of onset and home management skills (p = .04). Key words: blind rehabilitation, adaptive skills, post-rehabilitation and blindness skills.
Assessing Optimal Illumination for Visual Response Accuracy in Visually Impaired Adults
Authors: LaGrow S. J.
Published: August 2021

The currently accepted position concerning recommended lighting for visually impaired individuals is that individually identified and specified lighting is required for these persons to attain optimal visual performance. However, there is presently no formula for predicting the placement or intensity of a light source needed for any given patient, nor are there any specific rules for determining optimal illumination for visually impaired individuals. The purpose of the present study was to determine (a) if individual levels of optimal illumination could be reliably determined for visually impaired adults, and (b) if the level identified in assessment had validity in relation to a practical reading task. Visual response accuracy was assessed across 10 levels of illumination which were all greater than normal room lighting. Each level was presented 4 times for a total of 40 experimental trials.
Young people's books concerning visual impairment
Authors: Spaulding A.
Published: August 2021

First of an in-depth, two-part review of literature for young people on the subjects of blindness and visual impairment.
Imagining the ‘Biochemical Race’: Sero-Anthropology and Concepts of Racial Purity in Portugal (1900s–1950s)
Authors: Cleminson Richard , Roque Ricardo
Published: August 2021

This article traces the reception of blood group research in Portuguese physical anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century and analyses its presence as ‘sero-anthropology’ within the context of the disciplinary and political dynamics of colonial and metropolitan Portugal and against the background of international developments on blood group research. It argues that Portugal, hitherto largely understudied in relation to the broader international picture, was in tune with these developments. The article argues further that Portuguese physical anthropology, particularly research based at the University of Porto, was deeply ingrained with the fear of ‘contamination’ of the ‘race’ by the colonialized ‘other’ and sought to differentiate the Portuguese from the peoples of Africa and the East where Portugal possessed colonies, while it also sought to place the Portuguese within the scale of racial hierarchies of ‘whites’ in Europe. The article elaborates on a number of central and marginal figures within Portuguese anthropology to illustrate these claims and argues that the discipline was in tune with wider European developments in the field but with specific colonialist and racialist inflections, some of which are still felt in Portuguese culture today.
Is There a Connection Between Spiritual Transcendence and Quality of Life? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Patients Under the End-of-Life Care
Authors: Wysocka Maria , Wawrzyniak Małgorzata , Jarosz Jerzy , Hordowicz Martyna , Klimkiewicz Anna
Published: August 2021

Background: There is limited data available on the spiritual dimension of palliative care in Eastern Europe. In countries such as Poland, investigating spirituality and its essential aspects is further complicated because in a predominantly Catholic country, spirituality is mistakenly thought to be identical to religiousness. Aim: This study investigated the connection between spiritual transcendence, meaning in life, altruism, and the quality of life of cancer patients in end-of-life care in an Eastern Europe Country (Poland). Design: This cross-sectional study was based on 4 surveys. The Quality of Life Questionnaire MQOL-R, the Scale of Spiritual Transcendence, the Purpose in Life Questionnaire PIL-6, and the Altruism Scale were used. Setting/Participants: Data from 41 oncology patients receiving end-of-life care at home and in a stationary hospice was obtained. Results: Results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between transcendence, spiritual growth, and global quality of life. There is also a positive correlation between altruism and the meaning of life, as well as between the meaning of life, spirituality and quality of life, while altruism is positively associated exclusively with spirituality. Conclusion: This study revealed that spiritual transcendence can be understood, according to Piedmont's theory, as a personality trait that allows the patients to cross the boundaries of their existence and identify subjectively important values in their life. It can be examined and developed not only in the context of the need but also as a predisposition and a resource of personhood.
A principle-based framework for improving health equity in the Champlain region of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lafrenière Darquise , Kekewich Michael , Lukich Nikolija , Bearnes Reece D.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this column is to present an action-oriented health equity framework derived from Beauchamp and Childress’ four ethical principles (ie, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice) and centred around the specific needs of marginalized and excluded communities of the Champlain region of Ontario. It describes the conceptual underpinnings of the framework, defines its components, and demonstrates how it can be applied. The principle-based health equity framework is a useful tool to reduce health disparities within healthcare organizations; it is designed to promote the incorporation of health equity objectives, strategies, principles, and measurements into healthcare organizations’ strategic planning processes and operations.
In-Hospital Mortality and Related Outcomes for Elevated Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Routine Care
Authors: Buckley Jennifer R. , Wible Brandt C.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To compare in-hospital mortality and other hospitalization related outcomes of elevated risk patients (Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index [PESI] score of 4 or 5, and, European Society of Cardiology [ESC] classification of intermediate-high or high risk) with acute central pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using the Inari FlowTriever device versus those treated with routine care (RC).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective data was collected of all patients with acute, central PE treated at a single institution over 2 concurrent 18-month periods. All collected patients were risk stratified using the PESI and ESC Guidelines. The comparison was made between patients with acute PE with PESI scores of 4 or 5, and, ESC classification of intermediate-high or high risk based on treatment type: MT and RC. The primary endpoint evaluated was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, total hospital length of stay, and 30-day readmission.

Results

Fifty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 28 in the MT group and 30 in the RC group. Most RC patients were treated with systemic anticoagulation alone (24 of 30). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower for the MT group than for the RC group (3.6% vs 23.3%, P < .05), as was the average ICU length of stay (2.1 ± 1.2 vs 6.1 ± 8.6 days, P < .05). Total hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission rates were similar between MT and RC groups.

Conclusion

Initial retrospective comparison suggests MT can improve in-hospital mortality and decrease ICU length of stay for patients with acute, central PE of elevated risk (PESI 4 or 5, and, ESC intermediate-high or high risk).
The Association Between Fatalism and Mammography Use in Korean American Immigrant Women
Authors: Lee Mi Hwa , Hong Saahoon , Merighi Joseph R.
Published: August 2021

Fatalism is reported as a salient cultural belief that influences cancer screening disparities in racial and ethnic minority groups. Previous studies provide a range of measures and descriptions of cancer fatalism, but no studies to our knowledge have analyzed how fatalistic views cluster together within subgroups to form distinct profiles, and how these profiles can be predicted. This study identified subgroups of Korean American immigrants with similar fatalistic beliefs toward cancer and examined the influence of fatalism, health belief variables, and health literacy on mammography use. A cross-sectional survey design was used to obtain a convenience sample of 240 Korean American immigrant women in Los Angeles, California. Latent class analysis was used to identify unobserved subgroups of fatalism. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with recent mammography use. The latent class analysis model identified three cancer fatalism subgroups: high fatalism (17.8%), moderate fatalism (36.7%), and low fatalism (45.5%). Women in the high fatalism subgroup were more likely to have had a mammogram within the past 2 years than women in the low fatalism subgroup. Regression analysis revealed three facilitators of recent mammogram use: level of fatalism, perceived barriers to mammogram, and family history of cancer. Although cultural beliefs can have a powerful influence on health-seeking behavior, it is important to weigh individual and contextual factors that may weaken or mediate the relationship between fatalism and engaging in preventive care such as having a mammogram.
Health related quality of life of patients treated with bilateral enucleation for retinoblastoma
Authors: Al Qahtani Maha , AlMasfer Salah , Khandekar Rajiv
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Bilateral enucleation is rarely used to manage retinoblastoma (Rb). We present the health-related quality of life (HQL) and the associated factors among individuals who underwent bilateral surgical enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Methods:

Patients were interviewed via telephone in January 2020. A retinoblastoma registry was used to select patients who underwent bilateral enucleation/exenteration during 33 years. Data included age, gender, literacy, occupation, marital status, and health issues. Patients were asked eight questions on HQL. The responses were graded as 0–10. The percentage proportion of the HQL score was correlated to the determinants.

Results:

Twenty-one out of 24 participants were interviewed (median age, 23 years). Fourteen participants answered the HQL question themselves, and for 7, their parents answered. Twenty patients (95%) had an ocular prosthesis. The median HQL score was 58 (out of a maximum score of 80) (interquartile range (IQR): 49; 70; minimum, 0 and maximum, 74). The HQL score was positively correlated to: self-reporting than parents reporting (Mann Whitney U (MW) p = 0.05); among students versus individuals in other occupations (MW p = 0.03); interval between eye removal and interview ( p = 0.02). Age at enucleation of the second eye ( p = 0.001), students ( p < 0.001), and self-responders ( p < 0.001) were independent predictors of a high HQL score.

Conclusions:

HQL of individuals having bilateral eye enucleation for retinoblastoma was reasonably good and positively correlated to self-reporting, learning as students to cope and age at 2nd eye removal. Anaplasty services to improve cosmetics seem to benefit such disabled persons.
Machine learning and structural health monitoring overview with emerging technology and high-dimensional data source highlights
Authors: Malekloo Arman , Ozer Ekin , AlHamaydeh Mohammad , Girolami Mark
Published: August 2021

Conventional damage detection techniques are gradually being replaced by state-of-the-art smart monitoring and decision-making solutions. Near real-time and online damage assessment in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems is a promising transition toward bridging the gaps between the past’s applicative inefficiencies and the emerging technologies of the future. In the age of the smart city, Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics, the complex nature of data-driven civil infrastructures monitoring frameworks has not been fully matured. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are thus providing the necessary tools to augment the capabilities of SHM systems and provide intelligent solutions for the challenges of the past. This article aims to clarify and review the ML frontiers involved in modern SHM systems. A detailed analysis of the ML pipelines is provided, and the in-demand methods and algorithms are summarized in augmentative tables and figures. Connecting the ubiquitous sensing and big data processing of critical information in infrastructures through the IoT paradigm is the future of SHM systems. In line with these digital advancements, considering the next-generation SHM and ML combinations, recent breakthroughs in (1) mobile device-assisted, (2) unmanned aerial vehicles, (3) virtual/augmented reality, and (4) digital twins are discussed at length. Finally, the current and future challenges and open research issues in SHM-ML conjunction are examined. The roadmap of utilizing emerging technologies within ML-engaged SHM is still in its infancy; thus, the article offers an outlook on the future of monitoring systems in assessing civil infrastructure integrity.
Maternal deaths due to indirect causes: Report from a tertiary care center of a developing country
Authors: Hossain Nazli , Shaikh Zeenat F
Published: August 2021

Objective

To assess the causes of indirect maternal deaths.

Setting

The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, of a tertiary referral center in Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2018 to December 2020. Maternal deaths were categorized according to World Health Organization guidelines into direct and indirect deaths.

Result

The total maternal deaths during the study period were 96, with 26 (27%) due to indirect causes. The mean age in the indirect group was 27 (range: 20–35) years, with only eight (31%) registered (attending for three of more antenatal visits). The mean gestational age was 33 (range: 22–39) weeks. Cesarean section was the main mode of delivery, in 13 (50%). Perinatal mortality was 68%. Cardiac and hepatic diseases (each six deaths, 23%) were the main causes of indirect maternal deaths. The majority of women (20; 76%) died during the postpartum period. Delays in seeking medical help, referral, and appropriate treatment were observed in 10, 9, and 7 cases, respectively.

Conclusion

Indirect maternal deaths are an important cause of maternal mortality.
Globalized English and users’ intercultural awareness: Implications for internationalization of higher education
Authors: Salih Abdelrahman A , Omar Lamis I
Published: August 2021

Globalized English offers interaction platforms, including cyber-based settings, for linguistically and culturally diverse speakers, particularly in the English as a second language/English as a foreign language context. Thus, it requires developing the intercultural competence of the parties involved. English users’ different perspectives may challenge effective communication and interaction. This paper results from a collaboration project between an Omani higher learning institution and an American higher learning institution and reports an exploratory study that examined the understanding and use of intercultural communicative competencies by 15 undergraduate users of English. Data was collected from the sample participants’ notes on material analysis, collaborative projects, test performances, and the instructors’ field observations. Data analysis examined the participants’ intercultural intelligence in various communicative settings in English. The findings showed the participants changed certain predetermined misconceptions about the “other culture” and developed positivity and acceptance of intercultural differences. Results also highlighted the significance of online academic internationalization and incorporating intercultural competence in the English as a second language/English as a foreign language curricula. The study further indicated the significance of the teacher’s role in nurturing learners’ intercultural competence and intercultural-awareness priorities for being the global citizens of today.
Point of care tests for invasive fungal infections: a blueprint for increasing availability in Africa
Authors: Osaigbovo Iriagbonse Iyabo , Bongomin Felix
Published: August 2021

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) such as cryptococcosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Lack of laboratory infrastructure and laboratory personnel trained in diagnostic mycology hamper prompt detection and management of IFIs on the continent. Point-of-care tests (POCT) obviate the need for complex infrastructure, skilled technicians, and stable electricity and have had major impacts on the diagnosis of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in low- and middle-income countries. Over the last 10 years, POCTs for IFIs have become increasingly available and they have the potential to revolutionize the management of these infections if scaled up in Africa. At the beginning of 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Diagnostic List (EDL) included a cryptococcal antigen test for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis, Histoplasma antigen test for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis, and Aspergillus-specific test for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. All of these are available in formats that may be used as POCTs and it is hoped that this will improve the diagnosis of these life-threatening IFIs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This perspective review discusses commercially available POCTs and outlines strategies of a blueprint to achieve their roll-out in Africa. The strategies include raising awareness, conducting research that uncovers the exact burden of IFIs, increasing advocacy, integrating diagnosis of IFIs into existing public health programs, adoption of the WHO EDL at country levels, and improving logistics and supply chains.
Associations Between Online Instruction in Lateral Reading Strategies and Fact-Checking COVID-19 News Among College Students
Authors: Brodsky Jessica E. , Brooks Patricia J. , Scimeca Donna , Galati Peter , Todorova Ralitsa , Caulfield Michael
Published: August 2021

College students, and adults in general, may find it hard to identify trustworthy information amid the proliferation of false news and misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. In Fall 2020, college students (N = 221) in an online general education civics course were taught through asynchronous assignments how to use lateral reading strategies to fact-check online information. Students improved from pretest to posttest in the use of lateral reading to fact-check information; lateral reading was predicted by the number of assignments completed and students’ reading comprehension test scores. Students reported greater use, endorsement, and knowledge of Wikipedia at posttest, aligning with the curriculum’s emphasis on using Wikipedia to investigate information sources. Students also reported increased confidence in their ability to fact-check COVID-19 news. While confidence was related to perceived helpfulness of the assignments, it was only weakly associated with lateral reading. Findings support the effectiveness of the online curriculum for improving fact-checking.
Pharmacological activation of rev-erbα suppresses LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization and prevents pregnancy loss
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Xu Feng , Wang Songcun , Li Xinyi , Lin Haiyan , Ding Yan , Du Meirong
Published: August 2021

Background

Circadian rhythm is an important player for reproduction. Rev-erbα, a significant clock gene, is involved in regulating cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism. Macrophage polarization plays crucial roles in immune tolerance at the maternal-fetus interface, which also modulates the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Alteration of macrophage polarization induces adverse pregnancy outcomes such as infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion and preterm labor.

Results

Decidual macrophages from LPS-induced mice abortion model displayed M1-like bias, accompanied by decreased expression of Rev-erbα. SR9009, an agonist of Rev-erbα, may reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 polarization of macrophages via activation of PI3K but not NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, SR9009 could reduce M1-like polarization of decidual macrophages induced by LPS and attenuate LPS-induced resorption rates in mice model.

Conclusions

Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the pharmacological activation of Rev-erbα using SR9009 could attenuate the effect of LPS on macrophage polarization and protect pregnancy. This study may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for miscarriage induced by inflammation.
Adhesion of monocytes and endothelial cells isolated from the human aorta suppresses by miRNA-PEI particles
Authors: Poursaleh Adeleh , Beigee Farnaz Sadegh , Esfandiari Golnaz , Najafi Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background

Knowledge of stenosis in coronary arteries requires an understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that occur throughout the leukocyte rolling process. In this study, the roles of miR-125a-5p and miR-495-3p were investigated on the adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the human aorta.

Methods

Human primary endothelial cells were obtained from the aorta of people who had died of brain death. Whole blood was used to isolate the monocytes. The miR-125 and miR-495 were predicted and transfected into ECs using Poly Ethylene Imine (PEI). The expression levels of adhesion molecules and monocyte recruitment were identified by the RT-qPCR technique and Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesion Assay kit, respectively.

Results

The ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and VCAM-1 expression levels decreased significantly in the miR-495/PEI-transfected ECs (P < 0.05) while in the miR-125/PEI-transfected ECs only the ICAM-2 and ITGB-2 expression levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to the miR-synthetic/PEI-transfected ECs. Furthermore, the monocyte adhesion was decreased in the miR-125 and miR-mix/PEI-transfected ECs as compared to the miR-synthetic/PEI-transfected ECs (P = 0.01 andP = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion

According to the findings, the efficient relations between miR-125 and adhesion molecules may be responsible for the inhibition of monocyte rolling.
Women’s barriers for contacting general practice when experiencing gynecological cancer symptoms: a population-based study
Authors: Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Rasmussen Sanne , Haastrup Peter Fentz , Suadicani Kaspar , Søndergaard Jens , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg
Published: August 2021

Background

A prerequisite for general practitioners (GPs) being able to refer patients with gynecological cancer alarm symptoms for further investigations is that individuals present the symptoms to the GP. Not all symptoms are presented to the GP, and knowledge of barriers for healthcare-seeking is sparse. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between age, socioeconomic status, and common barriers (“being too embarrassed”, “being too busy”, “worried about wasting the doctors time” and “worried what the GP might find”) towards GP contact with gynecological alarm symptoms.

Methods

Nationwide population-based study in Denmark based on a random sample of 51 090 women aged 20 years or older. A web-based questionnaire regarding experience of four predefined alarm symptoms of gynecological cancer, decisions about contact to GPs, and barriers towards GP contact was distributed. Information about socioeconomic status was collected from Statistics Denmark.

Results

A total of 26 466 women (54.5%) completed the questionnaire. The proportion of women with no contact to the GP varied between 64.6% and 78.1% for postmenopausal bleeding and pain during intercourse, respectively. Between 32.3% (bleeding during intercourse) and 45.3% (postmenopausal bleeding) of the women reported no barriers for GP contact. The proportions of reported barriers ranged from 7.5% for being too embarrassed (pelvic pain) to 26.8% for being too busy (bleeding during intercourse).

Women aged 40–59 years had lower odds of reporting “being too embarrassed” and “worried about wasting the GP´s time”, while women aged 60 + years of age had lower odds of reporting “being too busy” compared to the youngest age group.

Women in the highest income groups had lower odds of reporting “being too embarrassed” and “wasting the GP´s time” compared to those with a low income, while those with high educational level had lower odds of reporting “being too embarrassed” and “worried what the GP might find” compared to those with low educational level.

Conclusions

More than half of the respondents with no contact to the GP, reported one or more barriers towards GP contact. Lower age and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with higher odds of reporting barriers. As this may explain the differences in healthcare seeking behavior, healthcare planners, policy makers and clinicians should be aware of these findings.
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism LEP-R c.668A>G (p.Gln223Arg, rs1137101) of leptin receptor gene with endometrial cancer
Authors: Bieńkiewicz Jan , Romanowicz Hanna , Wilczyński Miłosz , Jabłoński Grzegorz , Stepowicz Anna , Obłękowska Anna , Malinowski Andrzej , Smolarz Beata
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) LEP-R c.668A>G (p.Gln223Arg, rs1137101) of leptin receptor gene and to assess the influence this DNA marker has on endometrial cancer (EC) with respect to total body fat content.

Methods

The study comprised 120 patients treated for endometrial cancer and 90 controls treated for uterine fibroids. In total, 210 patients were included in this research. DNA was isolated from archival post-operative specimens. Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism was employed to analyze the SNP.

Results

In this paper we have demonstrated that heterozygous genotype AG of SNP LEP-R c.668A>G (p.Gln223Arg, rs1137101) is statistically less frequent in women with endometrial cancer (EC) than in controls: 33 versus 57%, respectively. Similarly, this heterozygous genotype is statistically significantly less frequent in obese (BMI > 30) women with EC than in lean controls (BMI < 25): 30 versus 63%, respectively.

Conclusions

AG polymorphic variant of SNP LEP-R c.668A>G (p.Gln223Arg, rs1137101) in LEP-R may be considered a protective factor in the development of endometrial cancer.
Aseptic meningitis, hepatitis and cholestasis induced by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: a case report
Authors: van Asperdt J. A. A. , De Moor R. A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Drug-induced aseptic meningitis is a rare, but challenging diagnosis, most commonly reported with nonsteoroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a sulfonamide that is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections. The most common side effects associated with TMP/SMX are generally mild and self-limited, but serious side effects have been reported, including liver injury and aseptic meningitis.

Case presentation

We report a 2,5 year old Dutch girl with both drug-induced aseptic meningitis and drug-induced liver injury while using TMP/SMX prophylaxis. Ursodeoxycholic acid was started because of cholestatic injury. After cessation of TMP/SMX, full convalescence was reached within weeks.

Conclusions

This is the first report of a young patient with both aseptic meningitis and drug-induced liver injury caused by TMP/SMX. Drug-induced aseptic meningitis and cholestatic hepatitis constitute a considerable diagnostic challenge to clinicians. In addition to a thorough evaluation for infectious causes, clinicians should be aware of drug-induced aseptic meningitis and cholestatic hepatitis.