bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s Disease Progressively Alters the Face-Evoked Visual-Processing Network
Authors: Huang Jie , Beach Paul , Bozoki Andrea , Zhu David C.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Postmortem studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains not only find amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the primary and associative visual cortical areas, but also reveal a temporally successive sequence of AD pathology beginning in higher-order visual association areas, followed by involvement of lower-order visual processing regions with disease progression, and extending to primary visual cortex in late-stage disease. These findings suggest that neuronal loss associated with Aβ and NFT aggregation in these areas may alter not only the local neuronal activation but also visual neural network activity.

Objective:

Applying a novel method to identify the visual functional network and investigate the association of the network changes with disease progression.

Methods:

To investigate the effect of AD on the face-evoked visual-processing network, 8 severe AD (SAD) patients, 11 mild/moderate AD (MAD), and 26 healthy senior (HS) controls undertook a task-fMRI study of viewing face photos.

Results:

For the HS, the identified group-mean visual-processing network in the ventral pathway started from V1 and ended within the fusiform gyrus. In contrast, this network was disrupted and reduced in the AD patients in a disease-severity dependent manner: for the MAD patients, the network was disrupted and reduced mainly in the higher-order visual association areas; for the SAD patients, the network was nearly absent in the higher-order association areas, and disrupted and reduced in the lower-order areas.

Conclusion:

This finding is consistent with the current canonical view of the temporally successive sequence of AD pathology through visual cortical areas.
Allelic Distribution of Genes for Apolipoprotein E and MTHFR in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Their Epistatic Interaction
Authors: Sutovsky Stanislav , Petrovic Robert , Fischerova Maria , Haverlikova Viera , Ukropcova Barbara , Ukropec Jozef , Turcani Peter
Published: August 2020

Background:

Genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the gene-gene interaction (epistasis) between specific allelic variants is only partially understood.

Objective:

In our study, we examined the presence of the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E ( APOE) and the presence of C677T and A1298C (rs1801133 and rs1801131) polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) gene in patients with AD and controls. We also evaluated the epistatic interaction between MTHFR and the APOE variants.

Methods:

A total of 564 patients with AD and 534 cognitively unimpaired age-matched controls were involved in the study.

Results:

The presence of the ɛ4 allele of APOE increases the risk of developing AD in a dose-dependent manner (OR 32.7: homozygotes, 15.6: homozygotes + heterozygotes, 14.3: heterozygotes). The combination of genotypes also increases the risk of developing AD in a dose-dependent manner: OR 18.3 ( APOE 4/X and 4/4 + CT rs1801133), OR 19.4 ( APOE 4/X and 4/4 + CT rs1801133 + AC rs1801131), OR 22.4 ( APOE 4/X and 4/4 + TT rs1801133), and OR 21.2 ( APOE 4/X and 4/4 + CC rs1801131). Homozygotes for variant alleles of MTHFR as well as patients with AD had significantly higher levels of homocysteine than homozygotes for standard alleles or controls.

Conclusion:

Homozygotes for APOE4 and carriers of APOE4 with TT genotype of rs1801133 were found to be at the highest risk of developing AD. These findings suggest that the epistatic interaction of specific gene variants can have a significant effect on the development of AD.
The Contribution of Vascular Pathology Toward Cognitive Impairment in Older Individuals with Intermediate Braak Stage Tau Pathology
Authors: Robinson Andrew C. , Roncaroli Federico , Chew-Graham Stephen , Davidson Yvonne S. , Minshull James , Horan Michael A. , Payton Antony , Pendleton Neil , Mann David M.A.
Published: August 2020

Background:

The pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are well described but little is known as to how both neurodegeneration and vascular changes might interact in causing cognitive impairment.

Objective:

The present study aims to investigate relationships between vascular and AD pathology in cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired individuals with a particular emphasis on those at intermediate Braak tau stages.

Methods:

We investigated the interplay between Braak tau stage and measures of vascular pathology as described by the vascular cognitive impairment neuropathology guidelines (VCING) in 185 brains from the Brains for Dementia Research programme and The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Healthy Old Age. VCING asserts that at least one large (>10 mm) infarct, moderate/severe occipital leptomeningeal cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and moderate/severe arteriosclerosis in occipital white matter accurately predicts the contribution of cerebrovascular pathology to cognitive impairment.

Results:

We found that the extent of arteriosclerosis in the occipital white matter did not differ between cognitive groups at intermediate (III-IV) Braak stages whereas moderate/severe leptomeningeal occipital cerebral amyloid angiopathy was greater in cognitively impaired than normal individuals at Braak stage III-IV. This finding remained significant after controlling for effects of age, sex, CERAD score, Thal phase, presence/severity of primary age-related tauopathy, presence/severity of limbic-predominant age-related TDP43 encephalopathy and small vessel disease in basal ganglia.

Conclusion:

Interventions targeting cerebral amyloid angiopathy may contribute to delay the onset of cognitive impairment in individuals with intermediate Alzheimer’s type pathology.
Exploration of Plasma Lipids in Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bergland Anne Katrine , Proitsi Petroula , Kirsebom Bjørn-Eivind , Soennesyn Hogne , Hye Abdul , Larsen Alf Inge , Xu Jin , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Rajendran Lawrence , Fladby Tormod , Aarsland Dag
Published: August 2020

Background:

Lipids have important structural roles in cell membranes and changes to these membrane lipids may influence β- and γ-secretase activities and thus contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology.

Objective:

To explore baseline plasma lipid profiling in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with and without AD pathology.

Methods:

We identified 261 plasma lipids using reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid positive (Aβ+) or negative (Aβ–) participants with MCI as compared to controls. Additionally, we analyzed the potential associations of plasma lipid profiles with performance on neuropsychological tests at baseline and after two years.

Results:

Sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations, particularly, SM(d43:2), were lower in MCI Aβ+ individuals compared to controls. Further, SM(d43:2) was also nominally reduced in MCI Aβ+ individuals compared to MCI Aβ–. No plasma lipids were associated with performance on primary neuropsychological tests at baseline or between the two time points after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion:

Reduced plasma concentrations of SM were associated with AD.
Resilience of Alzheimer’s Disease to COVID-19
Authors: Li Jingwen , Long Xi , Huang Heqing , Tang Jine , Zhu Chunli , Hu Shaoping , Wu Jing , Li Jinghong , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian
Published: August 2020

Background: Facing the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most vulnerable individuals are seniors, especially those with comorbidities. More attention needs to been paid to the COVID-19 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the top age-related neurodegenerative disease. Objective: Since it is unclear whether AD patients are prone to COVID-19 infection and progression to severe stages, we report for the first time a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the clinical data of 19 AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, compared with 23 non-AD COVID-19 patients admitted at the same time to our hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Results: Between AD patients and non-AD patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the pneumonia severity was not significantly different. AD patients had a higher clustering onset than non-AD patients. The median duration from symptom onset to hospitalization were shorter in AD patients than non-AD patients, indicating the former were sent to the hospital by their family or from nursing home earlier than the later. The median duration from hospitalization to discharge seemed shorter in AD patients than non-AD patients. Dementia patients seemed less likely to report fatigue. It is noticed that more AD patients might have pericardial effusion than the non-AD patients. Conclusion: AD patients with COVID-19 were in milder conditions with a better prognosis than non-AD patients. AD patients who had adequate access to healthcare showed resilience to COVID-19 with shorter hospital stays.
A moving-coil linear generator with dual axial-magnetized stator for free-piston engines
Authors: Xu Zhaoping , Yang Lijie , Liu Liang , Lu Jinkang
Published: August 2020

Free-piston engine coupled with linear generator is a new type of thermoelectric energy converter, which has the advantages of high efficiency and simple structure. In this paper, a novel moving-coil linear generator with dual axial-magnetized stator is proposed for this kind of short-stroke high frequency oscillation generating applications. Finite-element (FE) model of the generator is created, the static and transient characteristics are analyzed, and the losses in different components are compared. A full-bridge power converter is designed to meet the control requirements of reversible operation. A 540 W experimental prototype is developed and tested to validate the FE analysis. According to the tested and simulated results, the generator has advantages of high efficiency and fast response. The generating efficiency of 92% can be obtained at the rated generating power. The average inductance of the proposed generator is about 0.7 mH, which benefits from the low armature effect and ensures a very quick electromagnetic response.
A flexible authentication scheme for smart home networks using app interactions and machine learning
Authors: Ashibani Yosef , Mahmoud Qusay H.
Published: August 2020

Smartphones have now become ubiquitous for accessing and controlling home appliances in smart homes, a popular application of the Internet of Things. User authentication on smartphones is mostly achieved at initial access. However, without applying a continuous authentication process, the network will be susceptible to unauthorized users. This issue emphasizes the importance of offering a continuous authentication scheme to identify the current user of the device. This can be achieved by extracting information during smartphone usage, including application access patterns. In this paper, we present a flexible machine learning user authentication scheme for smart home networks based on smartphone usage. Considering that users may run their smartphone applications differently during different day time intervals as well as different days of the week, new features are extracted by considering this information. The scheme is evaluated on a real-world dataset for continuous user authentication. The results show that the presented scheme authenticates users with high accuracy.
A multidimensional intuitionistic fuzzy InterCriteria analysis in the restaurant
Authors: Traneva Velichka , Tranev Stoyan
Published: August 2020

The intuitionistic fuzzy InterCriteria analysis (ICrA) is a new method for correlation analysis, which is based on the concepts of index matrices (IMs) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), aiming at detecting of the dependencies between pairs of rating criteria in both clear and uncertain environments. In the present paper, which is an extension of [39], our aim is to extend ICrA to multidimensional ICrA (n-D ICrA) under intuitionistic fuzzy environment for situations where the evaluations of the objects against multidimensional criteria are completely unknown and to show its efficiency through an application in identifying correlations between pairs of criteria when referred to actual data gathered through estimates of a restaurant’s kitchen staff over a three-year period in Bulgaria. We also present a comparative analysis of the correlations between the evaluated criteria of the kitchen staff, on the basis the application of the correlation methods of ICrA, Pearson (PCA), Spearman (SCA) and Kendall (KCA). The four-correlation analysis yielded very similar correlation coefficients, but only the ICrA can be applied to intuitionistic fuzzy evaluations. It is observed that considerable divergence of the ICrA results from those obtained by the other classical correlation analyzes, is only found when the input data contains mistakes.
A fuzzy fixed point problem for constraint inequalities
Authors: Işık Hüseyin , Sezen Muzeyyen Sangurlu
Published: August 2020

In this work, we prove a new fixed point theorem in the setting fuzzy metric spaces. The fuzzy metric space considered here is assumed to have two partial orders defined on it. We introduce a new approach to the existence of a fixed point of a function satisfying the two constraint inequalities. An example is included which illustrates new results of this paper. Moreover, an application of our result to the study of integral equations is provided.
An Interval-Valued Bipolar Fuzzy Linguistic VIKOR Method using Connection Numbers of SPA Theory and Its Application to Decision Support System
Authors: Tehrim Syeda Tayyba , Riaz Muhammad
Published: August 2020

The plan of this research is to establish an innovative multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) based on a interval-valued bipolar fuzzy set (IVBFS) by unifying“ VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Rasenje (VIKOR)” method. The VIKOR method is regarded to be a helpful MAGDM technique, particularly in circumstances where an expert is unable to properly determine his decision at the outset of the design of the scheme. The theory of set pair analysis (SPA) is a state-of-the-art uncertainty theory consisting of three variables, including “identity degree”, “discrepancy degree” and “opposite degree” of connection numbers (CNs) and a combination of many current theories dealing with vagueness in the data. Inspired by this, we are therefore making an attempt in the current research to enhance the theory of information measurement by incorporating certain metrics using CNs. In this research paper, we present the linguistic VIKOR method in the context of the CNs based metrics obtained from the interval-valued bipolar fuzzy numbers (IVBFNs). First of all, we create CNs of IVBFNs and then CN-based metrics. Secondly, we develop linguistic VIKOR method using CNs based metrics to handle an MAGDM problem under IVBF type information. The predominance and advantages of proposed approach are also highlighted. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency of the extended VIKOR method by solving a numerical example, sensitivity analysis and a detailed comparison with some existing approaches.
Comparison of six types of rough approximations based on j-neighborhood space and j-adhesion neighborhood space
Authors: Atef Mohammed , Khalil Ahmed Mostafa , Li Sheng-Gang , Azzam A.A. , El Atik Abd El Fattah
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we generalize three types of rough set models based on j-neighborhood space (i.e, type 1 j-neighborhood rough set, type 2 j-neighborhood rough set, and type 3 j-neighborhood rough set), and investigate some of their basic properties. Also, we present another three types of rough set models based on j-adhesion neighborhood space (i.e, type 4 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set, type 5 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set, and type 6 j-adhesion neighborhood rough set). The fundamental properties of approximation operators based on j-adhesion neighborhood space are established. The relationship between the properties of these types is explained. Finally, according to j-adhesion neighborhood space, we give a comparison between the Yao’s approach and our approach.
Prioritized weighted aggregation operators under complex pythagorean fuzzy information
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Peng Xindong , Al-Kenani Ahmad N. , Sattar Aqsa
Published: August 2020

Complex Pythagorean fuzzy (CPF), a worthwhile generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy set, is a powerful tool to deal with two-dimensional or periodic information. In this paper, we develop two prioritized aggregation operators (AOs) under CPF environment, namely, complex Pythagorean fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging (CPFPWA) operator and complex Pythagorean fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric (CPFPWG) operator. We consider the prioritization relationship among criteria and decision makers (DMs) to make our result more accurate as in real decision making (DM) problems, the criteria and DMs have different priority level. Further, we discuss remarkable properties of our proposed AOs. Moreover, we promote the evolution of MCDM problem by investigating an algorithm in CPF environment with its flow chart. Finally, to check the superiority and validity of proposed operators, we compare the computed results with the different existing techniques.
O duplo grau de jurisdição, a colegialidade e seus vieses cognitivos
Authors: Passos Hugo Malone , Duarte Sidiney Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

A partir dos estudos de Daniel Kahneman e Amos Tversky a respeito do processo decisório humano no campo da psicologia comportamental, o artigo pretende analisar qual o impacto dos vieses cognitivos e das heurísticas sobre os julgamentos judiciais realizados por órgãos colegiados. Não é objetivo deste artigo comprovar empiricamente os vieses cognitivos – o que poderá ser objeto de estudos futuros – mas sim cogitar de que maneira os vieses podem ser amplificados em órgãos colegiados. Parte-se da hipótese de que a colegialidade só será eficiente na correção de vieses cognitivos caso esteja disposta a se livrar de seus próprios processos heurísticos e enviesadores.
Muslim Enlightenment in Y. Altynsarin’s Works «Shariat-ul Islam»
Authors:   Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті, Сейсенбиева Элеонора , Мәдібаева Қанипаш ,   Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті, Юсуп Айжан ,   Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті
Published: August 2020

Мақалада қазақ әдебиетінің бай мазмұнды елеулі желісі – діни-ағартушылық бағыттың ХІХ ғасырдағы көркемдік өрісі тұрғысынан тың пайымдаулар жасалған. Мақалада Ыбырай Алтынсариннің қазақ әдебиеті тарихындағы діни, мұсылмандық ағартушылық бағыттағы еңбегі туралы айтылады. Жеке шығармашылық тұлға – Ы.Алтынсариннің әдеби мұрасы көркемдік тұрғыда сараланған. Бұл мақаланың негізгі мақсаты қазақ әдебиетінің тарихындағы мейлінше өнімді шығармашылық дәуір – ХІХ ғасырдағы әдеби мұраның өзекті мазмұнын құраған экзегетикалық дәстүрді тарихи алғышарттар, көркемдік негіз, ұстанымдар ауқымында тануды ғылыми зерттеуге тарту қисындарын пысықтау бағыттарымен айқындалады.
浅析高校创新创业教育管理组织机构的优化
Authors: 陈 海霞
Published: August 2020

创新创业教育管理组织机构是开展创新创业教育的关键。本文在高校创新创业教育管理存在问题分析的基础上，提出建立专职的创新创业教育管理组织机构的优化建议。
浅谈初中英语课堂教学
Authors: 姜 晖
Published: August 2020

中国英语教学的转折点。作为高中初中教学人员，我们必须努力实现这一中心：提高学生的学习兴趣；注意语音训练，打下坚实的基础。良好的学习习惯；重视发现单位，提高课堂教学质量。
试论游戏化教学在小学数学教学中的应用
Authors: 金 咏梅
Published: August 2020

为了切实有效的提高小学数学的教学质量并对于相应教学形式进行革新，小学数学教师需要考虑到班级学生的实际学习兴趣并借助游戏化教学形式开展教学活动。当前小学数学教学课堂存在着趣味性低、教学形式单一等教学问题，而游戏化教学模式的引入可以使得数学课堂焕发生机，并充分响应了新课改对于小学数学学科提出的教学要求。
小学英语教学中核心素养的培养策略
Authors: 马 荣旭
Published: August 2020

随着新课改的全面推进，各个学科都在提升其教学效果和学习质量，其中学习效率是教育者经常考虑和思索的问题，对于小学英语而言，对于课程的教学质量，教师更加需要投入更多的精力和时间，通过经验的积累和有效案例的整合，找出适合学生心理特点和英语学科特点的教学方法，并能够结合教师自身特点，精心设计课堂环节，培养更全面的小学英语核心素养，提升学生的英语学习能力。
如何在语文教学中激发学生的学习兴趣
Authors: 荣 小萍
Published: August 2020

兴趣是学习最好的老师。在小学语文课堂教学上，兴趣激发的方式有很多种，创设教学情境，发挥信息技术教学优势，建立良好的师生互动等。在课堂上，我们教师要创新思路，尝试多种多样的激趣途径来激发学生学习语文的兴趣，提高语文课堂教学效率。本文笔者结合多年的教学实践，就小学语文教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣，谈谈自己的一些看法。
“五育融合”与新时代“教育新体系”的构建
Authors: 吴 志华 , 纪 秀花 , 邵 秀芹 , 乔 延敏 , 张 玉华 , 方 可斌
Published: August 2020

我国的教育变革与发展的趋势已经从“五育并举”到“五育融合”开展，“五育并举”最早是由蔡元培所提出的，通过与其生活时代的比较，新时代所提出的“五育并举”有着时代发展的需求与问题，而“五育融合”的发展更是为新时代的发展带来了新的教育体系，“五育融合”是将假设、实践、理念、思维以及能力进行融合，将它们构成是破解五育教育新体系开展的基本维度与路径。
浅析多媒体技术在小学科学教学中的应用
Authors: 袁 靖
Published: August 2020

科学这门学科具有较强的实践性，在实际教学中，小学科学教师不仅要传授学生基础的科学知识，还应该在做实验的过程中训练学生的动手能力和观察能力，这样学生学习起来也更加方便，通过引导学生观察和分析某一事物，掌握事物的发展规律，这样对提升学生的科学水平具有很重要的作用。而利用多媒体技术对小学生进行科学教学非常重要，其不仅有助于提升课堂教学的质量，还能为学生设置更丰富的教学内容，本文专门对此进行了阐述分析，希望能为相关教育工作者提供有力参考。
Organizational and Legal Principles of Soviet Militia Dispatch Center’s Functioning during 1969–1991
Authors: Halkin D. V. , Halkina O. M.
Published: August 2020

The normative and legal provision, organization and activity of militia dispatch centers of Soviet Ukraine in 1969–1991 have been studied.

Various forms, methods and directions of activity of militia dispatch centers in 1961–1991 have been analyzed; and the activity of the militia in ensuring the protection of public order and the fight against crime has been reconsidered. The author has characterized the functions of militia dispatch centers, which were performed by them in the period from 1969 to 1991. The peculiarities of personnel and logistical provision of the militia dispatch centers in the specified historical period have been highlighted.

The analysis of archival materials has demonstrated that the implementation of the function of the dispatch center was associated with the implementation of an increased number of tasks. However, the combination of the duties of a duty officer with performing the duties in another position led to the overburdening of a militiaman, which had a negative impact on law enforcement activity.

Improving the organizational forms of the Soviet militia dispatch centers was carried out in several areas: 1) the creation of regular police units in all militia agencies, the number of which depended on the population, as well as changes in the operative situation; 2) increase in the number of regular shifts; 3) bringing the premises, equipment and logistics of dispatch centers in line with the established requirements; 4) the introduction of additional structures within dispatch centers, caused by an increase in the workload on dispatch centers as a result of the growth in crime rates; 5) increase of requirements to personnel of dispatch centers.

In terms of reforming the law enforcement system, miscalculations and mistakes of the past years should be avoided. The specifics of dispatch centers’ activity is that it represents the interests of all services, combines the goals and objectives of public order, prevention and detection of crimes, as well as coordinates their actions in case of emergencies. The efficiency of crime detection, assistance to victims and detention of perpetrators depends on the effective organization of interaction between services and units.

Thus, the creative use of obtained experience to improve the activities of the dispatch centers of internal affairs agencies will to some extent avoid mistakes and miscalculations made in previous historical periods.
Realization by the Children's Parents of Their Right to Freedom of Movement
Authors: Yevko V. Yu.
Published: August 2020

The subject matter of the work is the current legislation of Ukraine on the right to freedom of movement and the practice of its application. At present, the mechanism for parents to exercise their child’s right to freedom of movement is primarily designed to ensure the right of parents and children to communicate freely with each other. However, it somewhat restricts the child’s right to freedom of movement. Judicial practice demonstrates that cases of granting permission for temporary departure of a child abroad without the consent of the father (mother) and cases of returning the child to permanent residence in Ukraine are often decided by courts without taking into account the interests of the child. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current legislation of Ukraine, which establishes the mechanism for exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement by his parents and the practice of its application. The author of the article for the first time has studied and analyzed the main aspects of the mechanism of exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement. Based on a consistent analysis, the author has elaborated recommendations to eliminate differences in the current regulatory acts, the norms of which establish the mechanism for exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement, in order to avoid unjustified restrictions on this right.

The example of the child’s right to freedom of movement can assist in tracing the organic interaction between public and private law mechanisms for regulating the exercise of this right. The sphere of public law establishes the general content of this right and the basic conditions of its exercise. Private law establishes certain mechanisms for exercising this right and ensures its protection.

It has been concluded that public authorities while exercising the right of a child to freedom of movement by parents, are largely based on the principle of equal rights and responsibilities of parents in the upbringing children, while the best interests of the child should be given priority.

Besides, certain requirements of the Family Code of Ukraine create additional bureaucratic obstacles and restrict the child’s right to freedom of movement. It is important to find a balance between the interests of the child, his parents and public order, as well as the time factor that can both positively and negatively affect the child’s relationship with a parent who does not live with the child. An urgent issue for Ukraine is the development of an effective mechanism for implementing decisions on the return of a child to his / her place of permanent residence.
Essence and Specific Features of State Regulation in the Field of Air Transport
Authors: Brusakova О. V.
Published: August 2020

The emphasis has been placed on the fact that an important direction in the development of air transport infrastructure is the increase of the efficiency of state regulation in the field of aviation transport. The author has analyzed the existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of “state regulation”, “state management”, “public management”, “public administration”, “legal regulation”; has revealed the peculiarities of their relationship. It has been argued that state regulation, state management and public administration are interrelated legal categories that differ in the object of management (regulation), purpose, forms and methods of implementation of management (regulatory) measures, as well as the range of entities authorized to implement these measures. It has been substantiated that state regulation is a process implemented by various branches of government by available legal means in order to ensure regulatory impact on the relevant social environment, focused on creating conditions for effective operation of entities and facilities in areas desirable and useful for certain industries. and the state in the whole.

It has been established that the state regulation in the field of air transport should be understood as a purposeful process of implementing regulatory measures by the state in the person of authorized agencies in order to streamline social processes (public and legal relations between entities and objects of aviation), establishing general rules of conduct while transportation of passengers and cargoes by air, rendering other aviation services, designing, manufacture and service of air transport.

It has been noted that the state regulation in the field of air transport is a system category, which consists of interdependent components, the combination of which allows to achieve the goals in a timely manner using the appropriate set of resources. Thus, the state regulation in the field of air transport is the system consisting of the following components: purpose and objectives; principles of regulation; object of regulation; subject of regulation; forms and methods of regulation; relations that arise during regulation.

The peculiarities inherent in the state regulation in the field of air transport have been singled out.
Legal Protection of Innovations in the Regime of Commercial Secrets, Industrial Property: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rudenko L. D.
Published: August 2020

The author of the article presents a comparative legal analysis of trade secret and industrial property regimes. Based on the analysis, the following distinctive features of legal regimes of trade secrets and industrial property are identified. The legal regime of industrial property provides strict criteria for the qualification of certain innovations as inventions, utility models, industrial designs. On the contrary, any commercially valuable innovations can be protected in the mode of trade secret. The legal regime of industrial property is a legal monopoly, as it provides the receipt of a security document (patent, declaratory patent). The trade secret regime is provided by a de facto monopoly, as it is ensured by the application of certain protective measures. The regime of industrial property rights presupposes the existence of both personal non-property and property exclusive rights. The trade secret regime provides only exclusive property rights. It has been identified that a common issue for both industrial property rights and trade secrets is the controversial application of "binding clauses" in licensing agreements, as they are contrary to the rules of fair competition. It is noted that the use of trade secrets to protect innovations is appropriate at the stage of development, mass production. When commercializing innovations, it is advisable to apply the regime of industrial property rights.
Administrative Detention: Compliance of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses with Social Needs and the Current State of Keeping Human Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Sambor M. A.
Published: August 2020

The author has studied administrative detention as a measure to ensure proceedings in cases on administrative offenses, its use in documenting administrative offenses and interdependent measures, as well as the use of data obtained as evidence in proceedings in cases on administrative offenses.

One of the effective means of ensuring proceedings in cases on administrative offenses, termination and documentation of administrative offenses is administrative detention, which restricts a number of human rights and freedoms. Administrative detention also essentially occurs, when a person is forced to stay with the authorized person at the crime scene while drawing up a report on administrative offenses or making a decision, because this person can not leave the place without the permission of the authorized official and move in accordance with the chosen route.

It is alleged that administrative detention creates additional guarantees for the rights and freedoms of a person, who is subject to administrative liability, and whose right to freedom of movement and personal inviolability is limited.

We are confident that the offered amendments to the legislation will help to build the sphere of administrative and tort law and its institutions, which will have a positive impact on the legal system and legislation of independent Ukraine, raise the prestige of its legal system in the world and serve as a convincing argument for citizens for the possibility to be the victim of the arbitrariness of authoritative agencies.
Cambio de diagnóstico y de categoría diagnóstica en pacientes con artritis idiopática juvenil
Authors: Strickler Alexis L. , Cifuentes Daniela , Mihovilovic Krasna , Vergara Fracisca , Grez Monica , Rivera Viviana
Published: August 2020

Al menos 50% de los pacientes pediátricos portadores de artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) continuará control en reumatología adulto. La clasificación de la Liga Internacional de Asociaciones de Reumatología (ILAR) vigente, actualmente en revisión, difiere de la clasificación de las artritis inflamatorias del adulto. Se ha reportado cambios de categoría en 10,8% de los pacientes durante el seguimiento.Objetivo: Analizar los pacientes con AIJ seguidos al menos 7 años para objetivar cambios de diagnóstico en la transición, e identificar factores de mal pronóstico funcional.Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo en base a registros clínicos. Se incluyó a la totalidad de los pacientes con AIJ controlados en policlínico pediátrico del Hospital de Puerto Montt entre el año 2005 y 2017, que cumplieron siete o más años de seguimiento. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en base a variables clínicas: categoría diagnóstica, tiempo de evolución al diagnóstico, actividad clínica y serológica, y tiempo de evolución al inicio de la terapia farmacológica.Resultados: Se evaluaron 18 pacientes, 3 Oligo-articular (OA) persistente, 1 OA extendida, 4 Poli-articular (PA) factor reumatoide (FR) negativo, 4 PA FR positivo, 5 Sistémicas, 1 Psoriática, todos con seguimiento mayor a 7 años. Once de 18 niños fueron transferidos a adultos. Tres de 11 cambiaron de diagnóstico a Artritis Reumatoide (AR) más otra enfermedad autoinmune: Síndrome de Sjögren + Lupus eritematoso sistémico, Púrpura trombocitopénico inmune, Enfermedad autoinmune no clasificada y cinco de 11 niños de categoría ILAR: OA a Artritis reumatoide juvenil, OA extendida a PA FR negativo, 3 Sistémicas a PA FR negativo. Edad de inicio, formas poli-articulares, retrasos en diagnóstico y comienzo de terapia se asociaron a secuelas e inflamación persistente.Conclusiones: Ocho de once pacientes transferidos cambiaron denominación diagnóstica y/o presentaron otras enfermedades autoinmunes. Algunos factores de mal pronóstico deben mejorar.
Tasas Regionales de hospitalización y mortalidad por asma infantil en Chile
Authors: Herrera Gana Ana María , Cavada Chacón Gabriel
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años se ha observado un aumento significativo de la tasa de hospitalización por asma en niños. En la actualidad se desconocen las tasas regionales y la tasa de mortalidad.Objetivo: Conocer las tasas regionales de hospitalización por asma en niños y determinar la mortalidad en este grupo etario.Pacientes y Método: Se calculó la tasa de hospitalización por asma en las 15 regiones del país existentes al momento de realizar el estudio, entre el año 2008 y 2014, en base al número de egresos hospitalarios por región y de las poblaciones expuestas al riesgo de hospitalización. La tasa de mortalidad se obtuvo calculando el cociente entre el número de defunciones por asma en niños de 5 a 15 años y la población expuesta.Resultados: La tasa más alta de hospitalización la presentó la V región con 7,6 por 10.000 habitantes. La tasa media de hospitalización en las distintas regiones fue similar a la de la Región Metropolitana, con la excepción de 4 regiones. La tasa global de mortalidad por asma en niños de 5 a 15 años para el periodo analizado es de 0,37 por 100.000 habitantes.Conclusiones: La mayoría de las regiones del país presentan tasas de hospitalización similares a la Región Metropolitana. La V Región presenta la tasa más alta de hospitalización. La tasa global de mortalidad por asma en niños de 5 a 15 años es de 0,37 por 100.000 habitantes.
The Influence of Landslides Parameters Contributing to Runout Zones using GIS-Based Empirical Model in Kundasang, Sabah
Authors: Liki Azrul
Published: August 2020

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ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENDAPATAN PETANI DI DESA YANG DIRELOKASI DENGAN DESA YANG TIDAK DIRELOKASI
Authors: Permata Cyntia Dwi , Chalil Diana , Emalisa Emalisa , Barus Riantri
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan pendapatan petani di desa yang direlokasi dengan yang tidak direlokasi. Data diperoleh dari 30 petani di desa yang direlokasi dan 30 dari desa yang tidak direlokasi yang ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan uji beda rata-rata (independent sample t-test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani di desa yang di relokasi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pendapatan petani di desa yang tidak direlokasi. Penyebabnya adalah pemilihan komposisi jenis komoditi, produktivitas dan harga jual dari masing masing komoditi. Hal tersebut terkait dengan kondisi lahan, sarana transportasi dan aksesbilitas.
Nepal Scale up Chlorhexidine as Part of Essential Newborn Care: Country Experience
Authors: Lamichhane Bikash , Khanal Leela , Shrestha Parashu Ram , Dawson Penny , Singh Samikshya
Published: August 2020

Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic, effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as some viruses, having strong skin binding effect. Randomized controlled trials conducted in South Asian countries have proven that the use of chlorhexidine (4% weight/weight) for cord care can reduce neonatal mortality and prevent severe cord infections. Between 2011 and 2017, Nepal completed nationwide scale-up of the use of chlorhexidine by integrating with ongoing maternal and neonatal health programs, under the leadership of the Child Health Division. The chlorhexidine coverage and compliance study (2017) has revealed that the country has achieved 59% coverage of the intervention to date, with lowest use among home births. The strategy should be further strengthened to ensure that every newborn in need is reached with chlorhexidine. Keywords: Chlorhexidine; cord care; Nepal experience, Newborn.
Free Newborn Care Services: A New Initiative in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Gambhir , Paudel Prajwal , Shrestha Parashu Ram , Jnawali Shambhu Prasad , Jha Deepak , Ojha Tek Raj , Lamichhane Bikash
Published: August 2020

Background: Nepal has made a significant progress in reducing child mortality. However, the annual rate of reduction in neonatal mortality is not satisfactory. As safeguarded by constitution of Nepal and to address neonatal mortality due to poverty and inequity, government has introduced free newborn care (FNC) package. This study aims to assess the status of FNC services in all the public hospitals.Methods: Child Health Division organized 5 workshops region-wise with the theme of newborn care services in March/April 2018 to cover all the public hospitals in the country. A template was designed comprising of duration of FNC implementation, number of newborns admitted since implementation, morbidities pattern, and number of babies served. It was circulated and all hospitals were advised to fill it and present in the review. Later, the data were compiled and analyzed.Results: Only 58 presentations out of 93 participated hospitals were included in this study. The total admitted cases were 8564 newborns. The common causes of admission were neonatal sepsis (44.5%) followed by asphyxia (14.29%) and hyperbilirubinemia (11.4%). A total of 1573 neonates received services of FNC package C, 3722 package B, 3081 received package A. The main challenges faced in implementation reported were lack of infrastructure and human resources to provide services and the reimbursement is not enough.Conclusions: Free newborn care is a new initiative taken to reduce neonatal mortality. This package is very helpful to serve sick newborns. However, the package should be revised taking into consideration the appropriate reimbursement and extra staffs to provide this service.Keywords: Free newborn care; government efforts; health services.
Fellowship Training in Nepal: Current Prospects
Authors: Neupane Harish Chandra , Shrestha Niki , Shrestha Bishow Kumar
Published: August 2020

The need of subspecialty training has been acutely felt in Nepal now with the rapid advancement in the field of medical sciences, the changing burden of diseases, the acute shortage of highly specialized health professionals, the evolving concept of learning and medical education and the ever-increasing focus on right and safety of patients.Fellowship Training is obtained in a specific specialty or subspecialty. Fully academic 3-year Fellowship programsin Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Cardiologyhavebeen initiated for certification of the training for the first time in Nepal at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) and all three are recognized by the Nepal Medical Council.The three Fellowship training programs, run in affiliation with Lincoln University, at the CMC have all the training criteria of DM/MCh included along with extra requirement of one more paper publication and the trainees are paid adequate stipend without any tuition fee or bond. The high volume of cases and procedures in CMC, exposes the FCMC Fellows to an increased chance of appropriate skill development along with appropriate postings in various other institutions for adequate experience of hands on training.Fellowship programs are the cornerstone of providing super specialized patient care.The need today is to focus on the basic training concepts and criteria, rather than on various names like diploma, MD, MS, DM/MCh of training.Nepal should focus onthe prerequisites, infrastructure and human resource for expanding the quality Fellowship trainingprograms in the country and thereby enhancing the standard of patient care.Keywords: Cardiology; DM; FCMC; fellowship; hepatopancreatobiliary surgery; MCh; PCCM.
Flexible Bronchoscopic Removal of a Forgotten Intrabronchial Foreign Body
Authors: Dhungana Ashesh , Thapa Ajit
Published: August 2020

Foreign body aspiration is uncommon in adults and the diagnosis may be delayed in the elderly, as many fail to provide a history of choking during initial evaluation. Flexible bronchoscopy is a useful tool for foreign body extraction from the tracheobronchial tree in selected cases. A Sixty-two year old male presented with history of cough, purulent sputum and intermittent hemoptysis. CT scan of the thorax demonstrated a radio-dense foreign body in the bronchus intermedius causing focal narrowing. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a glistening white bone in the distal bronchus intermedius which was successfully grasped with the flexible forceps and extracted via the oral route with the bronchoscope. Keywords: Elderly; flexible bronchoscopy; foreign body aspiration.
Informatization and Digitalization of Law-making Activity in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Karypov B.
Published: August 2020

The development of digital technologies in all spheres of public life is an actual issue for states. Globalization processes spawn the need for broad integration, where digital technologies come to the fore on the development of an effective state with law-making that meets modern requirements. The use of digital technologies allows legal monitoring of the legislation system, ensuring the elimination of gaps, duplication, changes in the legislative acts. The article considers the problems of informatization and digitalization of law-making activity in the Kyrgyz Republic. The object of the study is public relations arising in the process of informatization and digitalization of the law-making activity of state authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical problems of the introduction and further development of information and digital technologies in the legislative process of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic to increase the level of adopted regulatory legal acts and the effectiveness of lawmaking in general. While studying the problem, universal and specific scientific methods of cognition were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, historical and comparative. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the activity on the adoption, amendment and repeal of normative legal acts should correspond to a dynamically developing economy.
Marriage Contract: Basic Aspects, Recognition of the Valid Agreement in the Court
Authors: Shumova K. , Sidorova S.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the institution of a marriage contract in the Russian Federation. A detailed analysis of the basic rules for concluding a marriage contract has been carried out. In particular, it analyzes the recognition of a marriage contract as null and void in court, as well as examples from judicial practice.
Energy Problems in USA-UE Foreign Policy: Between Independence and Interdependence
Authors: Khlopov O.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the study of energy problems in the foreign policy of the EU and the United States. The analysis of the paper is formed on a cognitive approach in analyzing the foreign policy making process and explores the relationship between energy and foreign policy of the EU and the USA. Based on the comparative method, the study races the role of the energy factor in shaping the foreign policy of the European Union and the United States. Although the US is the world's largest hydrocarbon producer and net exporter of energy, mainly due to its shale deposits, the EU remains the world's largest energy importer. This significant difference provides an opportunity to compare the role of energy in the foreign policy process of the two participants with completely different potential for the production and export, mostly of hydrocarbon resources. The author argues that the energy security strategies of both actors are based on interaction of material and ideological factors, but they have different ideas about the interests that generate their foreign policy behavior.
Competent-oriented Learning Approach
Authors: Tagaeva D. , Toktomambetova Zh.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the tasks of personality-oriented learning, different models of developing learning of a modern school. Technologies for building and implementing a personality-oriented educational process. Modern innovative approaches to learning, forms and means of training are presented.
Understanding Schizophrenia: Genetic Causes and Treatment
Authors: Javeria Fatima , Altaf Shazma , Zair Alishah , Iqbal Rana Khalid
Published: August 2020

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease. The word schizophrenia literally means split mind. There are three major categories of symptoms which include positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The disease is characterized by symptoms of hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech. Schizophrenia is related to many other mental and psychological problems like suicide, depression, hallucinations. Including these, it is also a problem for the patient’s family and the caregiver. There is no clear reason for the disease, but with the advances in molecular genetics; certain epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Epigenetic mechanisms that are mainly involved are the DNA methylation, copy number variants. With the advent of GWAS, a wide range of SNPs is found linked with the etiology of schizophrenia. These SNPs serve as ‘hubs’; because these all are integrating with each other in causing of schizophrenia risk. Until recently, there is no treatment available to cure the disease; but anti-psychotics can reduce the disease risk by minimizing its symptoms. Dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, are the neurotransmitters which serve as drug targets in the treatment of schizophrenia. Due to the involvement of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, drugs available are already targeting certain genes involved in the etiology of the disease.