bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phone use by pedestrians - pilot studies
Authors: Frej Damian Paweł
Published: June 2024

People use mobile phones for almost all activities throughout the day. Phones are used to perform activities such as running, cycling and walking on the sidewalk. Most often we listen to music, browse the Internet or just talk. Unfortunately, it should be noted that the use of a mobile phone is not always safe, as it can distract the attention of a pedestrian or driver, which can lead to a road accident. The topic of using mobile phones at pedestrian crossings is much less frequently discussed compared to using a mobile phone while driving a passenger vehicle. The phenomenon of distracting pedestrians with a mobile phone is becoming an increasingly recognizable phenomenon. In many countries, such behavior is severely punished. The use of mobile phones by pedestrians and drivers reduces attention. Despite the risk of road accidents, many pedestrians and cyclists are accustomed to using their mobile phones while traveling in traffic. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the problem of using a telephone by pedestrians crossing an intersection with traffic lights. The collected results confirm that pedestrians often use mobile phones while crossing the pedestrian crossing. Collected data from observational studies reveal several other important findings. Pedestrians using a mobile phone on a pedestrian crossing walk slower. Pedestrians are oblivious to passing vehicles and often cross the pedestrian crossing without thinking or checking in advance. Pedestrians using a mobile phone at a pedestrian crossing do not pay attention to traffic lights, but follow the crowd of other pedestrians
To determine the maneuverability of three-link road trains type “B-triple” with steered axles of semi-trailers dollies
Authors: Marchuk Roman , Sakhno Volodymyr , Murovanyi Igor , Razboinikov Oleksandr , Bosenko Volodymyr , Marchuk Nazar
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the development of container transportation served as a powerful impetus for increasing the length of vehicles, especially road trains, which is due to a number of advantages regarding the transportation of large-sized freight in a container.
Today, the whole range of containers is transported by two-link road trains consisting of a tractor vehicle and semi-trailer. The efficiency of such transportation can be increased by means of three-link road trains capable of transporting either three (two 20-foot and one 40- or 45-foot) or four 20-foot containers. This organization of transportation will lead to energy savings and a reduction in environmental pollution due to the reduction of vehicles. However, there is a problem with the maneuverability and stability of such vehicles.
The paper developed a kinematic model of three-link road train type “B-triple” with steered axles (front or rear) of semi-trailer dolly with a dual drive control for these axles. Based on folding angles of road train links and drive control transmission ratios of the axles of semi-trailer dolly, the main indicators of road train maneuverability are determined – road train links trajectories displacement relative to the vehicle trajectory and road train overall traffic lane.
It was established that when entering a turn with slight differences in folding angles of road train links, the steered axles of semi-trailer dolly turn in the direction opposite to the direction of a turn, thereby reducing the overall traffic lane. During circular motion, the overall traffic lane of road train with steered semi-trailers decreased by almost 2 m, but such road train does not meet the maneuverability requirements. The search for ways to improve the maneuverability of three-link road trains should be sought in the designs of three-link road trains.
Current Approaches in Traffic Lane Detection: a minireview
Authors: Aron Csato , Florin MARIASIU
Published: June 2024

The continuous development and importance of the field of road transport these days make it necessary to design, develop and implement technological solutions that reduce (eliminate as much as possible) the risk of road accidents. Such a technological solution is also represented by advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), systems that assist drivers in various ways, such as collision avoidance, automatic parking, adaptive cruise control, attention and lane departure warnings. Over the next ten years, there will likely be a rise in the need for ADAS system deployment in automobile construction, driven by consumer and regulatory interest in safety applications that protect drivers and lower accident rates. At the moment, autonomous emergency braking and forward collision warning systems are mandated for all cars in the US and the EU. Additionally, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) may soon distinguish automobile brands and have a significant impact on consumer preference. The present work aims to provide a general picture related to the current research and development of ADAS systems that refer to the detection of the traffic lane and lane markings. The approaches are presented regarding: the current development directions of ADAS systems, current traffic lane detection techniques, traffic lane detection methods and the use of artificial intelligence techniques in this field. The general conclusion is that further research is needed in the field, research to increase the performance of traffic lane detective systems by using advanced algorithms and easy-to-implement methods that do not require large hardware resources.
Teaching L2 pragmatics: The effects of different types of task implementation vs a PPP framework
Authors: Róg Tomasz
Published: June 2024

The present study investigates the effect of different types of task implementation on teaching L2 interactional sequences. 81 EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. In the first experimental group (T1-EG, n = 27), implicit instruction appeared during the pre-task phase, while the post-task phase included an explicit focus on forms. The second group (T2-EG, n = 32) received implicit instruction in the target structures and a reactive focus on form during task performance. The third group (PPP-EG, n = 27) followed a presentation – practice – production (PPP) lesson framework. Groups’ pragmatic production was measured using written discourse completion tasks. Results showed that in the current study, all three groups reported gains, yet the implicit-explicit condition (T1-EG) appeared to be more beneficial for teaching the interactional sequences than the implicit-only (T2-EG) or the PPP (PPP-EG) framework.
Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) of English majors in courses dealing with the culture of English-speaking countries
Authors: Laskowska Martyna
Published: June 2024

UNESCO (2013: 16) describes “intercultural competences” as: (1) the necessary linguistic knowledge and awareness when interacting with people from different cultures; (2) relevant knowledge about specific cultures; (3) broad comprehension about the issues that arise when members of different cultures interact; (4) adaptable attitudes that encourage creating and sustaining contact with diverse members of society. The development of intercultural competence has increasingly been recognized as a vital aim of foreign language (L2) education. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between courses related to the culture of English-speaking countries and the development of intercultural communicative competence of English philology students. Specifically, it explores participants’ opinions on whether the culture courses support students’ ability to acquire academic-level communicative competence, fluency in formal and informal language, and a holistic understanding of the spectrum of Anglophone communities. The participants of the study were English philology students and lecturers teaching culture courses. A mixed methodology was used with two types of research methods: a student survey and semi-structured interviews with lecturers. The results of the study allow for a formulation of didactic implications for the development of intercultural competence of English philology students.
Mixed-type literature review of research on L2 learning in and through the linguistic landscape
Authors: Wiśniewska Danuta
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to provide a review of articles reporting on research related to the linguistic landscape as applied to foreign language education, with a focus on the conceptualisation of the linguistic landscape, main themes, and research methods and distribution across years, languages taught and countries of research. The search for relevant articles published between 2003–2023 was conducted in data­bases: Web of Science, ERIC, MLA, and Scopus. The search yielded a total sample of 20 articles. The presentation of the main results of the review is followed by suggestions of topics for further research and reviews of a broader scope.
Specjalne potrzeby edukacyjne – samoocena wiedzy, umiejętności i postaw w przekonaniach przyszłych nauczycieli języków obcych przed i po szkole letniej
Authors: Stasiak Patrycja , Kałdonek-Crnjaković Agnieszka , Molska Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

The study involved students of the Faculty of Modern Languages at the University of Warsaw (FML UW), who attended a course within a summer school (SL) on special educational needs in language education. The study aimed to observe the changes in participants’ knowledge and skills in the area of special educational needs (SEN), as well as their attitudes towards teaching students with dyslexia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and on the autism spectrum. The second aim of the study was to check the participants’ satisfaction with the SL organization with the view of continuing this initiative at FML UW. Data were collected using a pre- and post-questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions and post-SL interviews. Data were presented using descriptive and interferential statistics. Interviews were transcribed and coded thematically in the scope of the research questions. Findings showed that SL was a successful initiative. The participants gained knowledge and skills at a significant level (p < 0.05). The participants believed that teaching students with SEN was challenging but they remained uncertain whether working with students with SEN was stressful. The participants reported a significantly more satisfactory attitude after the SL. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed considering the agency and well-being of language teachers.
Visualizing sustainable rainwater harvesting: A case study of Karbala Province
Authors: Abbas Al Ibraheemi , Nile Basim K. , Hassan Waqed H.
Published: June 2024

The management of rainwater collection in a practical way is a fundamental need for the management of water resources in a manner that is sustainable. The goal of this research is to determine whether or not remote sensing technology is effective in providing data on precipitation for the purpose of locating rainwater collection tank locations in the province of Karbala. Rainfall patterns fluctuate considerably. Remote sensing may not capture variability enough to estimate the rainfall period and location. Sustainable rainfall harvesting requires accurate rainfall timing and distribution. This information is applied in the modeling of hydrological processes, the management of disasters, and environmental research. Following the completion of a geographical study, it has been established that the city of Karbala may be divided into two basic sections. Through the use of estimation, it is possible to more easily identify the region that is ideal for the location of rainwater-harvesting reservoirs and lakes. On the contrary, it is crucial to keep in mind that a location that was chosen based on average rainfall over a period of two years could not be suitable for other time periods. This is an idea that should be kept in mind several times. To put this into perspective, when choosing a location, it is vital to take into consideration the severity of the rainfall as well as the geographical location of the area. Particularly in locations such as Karbala, the implementation of data visualization systems into water management practices has the potential to improve both the efficiency and sustainability of water management methods. The findings of this study show the significance of implementing precise site selection techniques to enhance rainwater collection systems and encourage activities that are environmentally responsible for water management.
Wide variations in Medieval French unambiguous V2 configurations are due to register
Authors: Larrivée Pierre
Published: June 2024

Quantitative studies of V2 in Medieval French have produced diverging results with respect to the rate of use of V2 and the informational value of the initial XP. These divergences are hypothesized to relate to the register of investigated texts. The hypothesis is verified by the systematic analysis of unambiguous V2 (with an expressed post-verbal subject) with respect to rates of use and informational value of XPs in three register-differentiated Anglo-Norman prose legal texts from the 1260–1300 period. On rates, unambiguous V2 is three times more frequent in the most formal, legal treatise text than it is in the less formal, court dialogues. On informational value, indications are provided that the XP tends to have a Focus value more often in more formal texts. Register thus impacts the behavior of unambiguous V2 configurations in Medieval French; using data less remote from the primary competence of speakers helps in approaching the effective curve of change.
Violence against Women: Challenges in Fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Implementation of the 2011 Istanbul Convention in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Fabijanić Gagro Sandra , Škorić Marissabell
Published: June 2024

Year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. At the same time, the world has just passed the halfway point in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are enshrined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. By comparing the results of both instruments, this paper aims to highlight current trends in universal and national efforts to combat violence against women. Based on the premise that violence against women, is unfortunately, still pervasive and can occur anytime and anywhere, this paper addresses three main topics: 1) the fundamental challenges for strengthening gender equality and women’s empowerment in combating violence against women globally and the current results of the implementation of SDG 5; 2) the contribution of key international documents; and 3) the assessment of the implementation of the 2011 Istanbul Convention in the Republic of Croatia through the comments of the recent GREVIO report.
Christopher Whyte and Brian M. Mazanec: Understanding cyber warfare. Politics, Policy and Strategy. Second edition.
Authors: Kiss Mátyás
Published: June 2024

-
LITHOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN SEDIMENTS AND THE INFLUENCE OF VOLCANISM ON SEDIMENTATION IN THE SOUTHEAST OF WEST SIBERIA
Authors: САРАЕВ С.В. , ГАНАШИЛИН А.С. , ИЗОХ Н.Г. , ПОПОВ Б.М.
Published: June 2024

Дана литологическая характеристика среднедевонского вулканогенно-карбонатно-терригенного комплекса отложений Салаира и Кузнецкого прогиба, погружающегося на севере под мезозойско-кайнозойский чехол Западно-Сибирской геосинеклизы. Преобладают отложения глубокого бассейна, представленные тонко-, мелкозернистыми обломочными разновидностями (с доминированием вулканического материала) и тонко-, мелкообломочными биодетритовыми известняками со слоями оползневых брекчий, а также турбидитами и своеобразными «конгломератовидными известняками» (палеосейсмитами). Реконструированы седиментационные и геодинамические обстановки формирования среднедевонского комплекса. Установлен преобладающий андезитовый состав пирокластики и меньшее значение в осадках кислых и основных вулканических компонентов. В этом регионе определены признаки окраинно-континентальных обстановок Сибирского континента, склона и его основания. Палеогеодинамическая обстановка, согласно седиментационным и геохимическим данным, оставалась в целом одной и той же и соответствовала, по геохимическим данным, условиям островных дуг. Палеоклимат питающей провинции изменялся от семигумидного в позднем эмсе-раннем эйфеле (малосалаиркинское время) к аридному в среднем живете (керлегешское время). Отложения в глубоководном бассейне формировались в окислительной обстановке с хорошей аэрацией вод, исключая эвксинские обстановки в самой нижней части изученного разреза.

Dataset on the Middle Devonian volcanic-carbonate-terrigenous sediments of Salair and the Kuznetsk trough, submerged northward under the Mesozoic-Cenozoic West Siberian geosyneclise (WSG) cover, have been presented. Mainly deep water sediments composed of thin- and fine-grained clastic material (with predominance of tephroids) and thin-, fine-clastic biodetrital limestones with slope slide breccia, as well as turbidites and peculiar “conglomerate-like” limestones (paleoseismites) were found. Sedimentary and geodynamic environments have been reconstructed for the Middle Devonian strata. Predominantly andesitic composition of pyroclastic ashes with fewer values of felsic and basic volcanic components have been determined. The structures related to the continental margin environments of the Siberian continent, the continental slope and its basement have been found. According to sedimentary and geochemical data, the paleogeodynamic environment within the studied region was relatively stable and generally corresponded to the island arc conditions. The paleoclimate of the source area changed from semi-humid in the late Emsian-early Eifelian (Malaya Salairka age) to aridic in the middle Givetian (Kerlegesh age). Basin sediments formed in the deep water oxic environments with good water aeration, excepting euxinic environments found in the lowermost part of studied succession.
Radiological findings in blunt abdominal trauma: bowel and mesenteric injuries
Authors: Verdejo Marta Gallego , Aisa Ana Peña , Lacave Reyes Petruzzella , Parrado García Sara Carmen
Published: June 2024

Mesenteric and intestinal injuries resulting from blunt abdominal trauma are relatively uncommon, but can be life-threatening. In this case, we present the story of a 46-year-old man who experienced blunt abdominal trauma due to a traffic accident. We will examine the specific and non-specific radiological findings that should alert us to the possibility of mesenteric or intestinal injury in such cases.
Critical analysis of the new Chinese foreign investment law in the prism of China-EU CAI and China-US bit negotiations
Authors: Bush Chunping
Published: June 2024

The Chinese foreign direct investment legal system prior to 2019 evolved constantly, although it failed to satisfactorily address the main issues for foreign direct investments. The new Chinese Foreign Investment Law of 2019 and its Implementing Rule made a landmark improvement to the legal system. This new reform went hand in hand with the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) and China-US BIT and their negotiations. It played a preparative role for the progress made in these two influential investment agreements. It offered unprecedent solutions in areas such as the pre-establishment national treatment, prohibition of forced technology transfer and the enhanced foreign investment protection. Nonetheless, further reforms on SOEs are still needed. The ratification of the China-EU CAI and the reanimation of the China-US BIT, albeit unlikely to happen anytime soon, would still provide long-desired clarity to the dispute resolution mechanism, national security review system and forced technology transfer issue.
Unraveling the causal relationship between inflation uncertainty and rates of inflation in GCC countries: Evidence from a mixture of causal (linear) relationships models, and (causal inference with panel data)
Authors: A Fadol Hassan Tawakol , Alquyt Duaa
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the links between rising inflationary pressures and monetary policy uncertainty (Inflation Uncertainty) in the GCC economies. After discovering cross-sectional dependency among the countries as an index of their reciprocal developmental traits, we used the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach. Individual nation research reveals that only KSA has a bidirectional correlation between high global inflation rate pressures and economic policy uncertainty, whereas Bahrain has no causality. The United Arab Emirates and Qatar exhibit bidirectional causality between high global inflation rate pressures and domestic economic policy uncertainties. Domestic economic policy uncertainty has no bearing on KSA's high global inflation rate pressures; thus, there is a one-way causality from high global inflation rate pressures to domestic economic policy uncertainty in KSA. Overall, economic policy uncertainty influences high global inflation rate pressures in these nations, while high global inflation rate pressures and domestic economic policy uncertainty mutually impact each other. Overall, the GCC countries would benefit from an augmented Taylor rule that includes financial stability as an extra monetary policy aim. It is necessary to make a more general adjustment in the model dynamics underlying the shock transmission mechanism. JEL Classification Code: ECM, PNARDL, PVAR, Eviews12, ARDL, NCSS12
Institutional efficiency in the context of Ukraine’s eurointegration prospects. Article two: Ukraine’s institutional eurointegration perspectives
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Kornivska Valeriia
Published: June 2024

The article provides a few evaluations of institutional efficiency in Ukraine according to the methodology of the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators. The presented institutional dynamics give reasons to assess institutional efficiency in Ukraine as low not only in relation to the average European level, but also in relation to European countries with low institutional efficiency (Bulgaria and Romania). According to the vast majority of indicators of institutional efficiency, downward institutional dynamics are observed. In order to determine the factors of effective institutional adaptation of Ukraine, the work displays the experience of successful (Estonia) and less successful (Bulgaria) EU member states. On this basis, institutional risks are shown and it is substantiated that a rational European integration strategy should include appropriate approaches from the point of view of integration risk management, including the creation of national reserves and maintaining the ability to maneuver in case of shock situations. It is shown that for the successful implementation of European integration processes, it is necessary to create one's own institutional architecture, adequate to the nationally rooted type of economic development, based on Ukrainian identity.
Про результати виконання цільової програми наукових досліджень НАН України «Аерокосмічні спостереження довкілля в інтересах сталого розвитку та безпеки» у 2021—2023 рр.
Authors: Федоров Олег Павлович
Published: June 2024

У доповіді наведено основні результати, отримані під час виконання цільової програми наукових досліджень НАН України «Аерокосмічні спостереження довкілля в інтересах сталого розвитку та безпеки» (ERA-PLANET/UA) у 2021—2023 рр. Роботи за програмою мали на меті подальший розвиток українського сегменту європейського дослідницького простору в галузі супутникових спостережень, а також проблематики оцінювання шкоди довкіллю та продовольчій безпеці держави внаслідок воєнних дій. Отримані наукові й прикладні результати сприятимуть вирішенню нагальних проблем екологічного моніторингу в Україні та здійсненню оцінки шкоди, спричиненої воєнними діями, а також розвитку співпраці науковців НАН України з європейськими партнерами у сфері аерокосмічних спостережень Землі.
Павло Васильович Харламов — засновник Донецької школи механіки
Authors: Зуєв Олександр Леонідович , Кононов Юрій Микитович , Щербак Володимир Федорович
Published: June 2024

25 червня 2024 р. виповнюється 100 років від дня народження видатного вченого у галузі аналітичної механіки, засновника Донецької школи аналітичної механіки, заслуженого діяча науки УРСР (1983), лауреата премії імені М.М. Крилова НАН України (2001), доктора фізико-математичних наук (1964), професора, члена-кореспондента НАН України (1965) Павла Васильовича Харламова.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation of Erythrina fusca Lour Chemical Compounds Targeting VEGFR-2 Receptor for Anti-Liver Cancer Activity
Authors: Maharani Dila Aulia , Adelina Rosa , Aini Anggun Qurrota , Supandi Supandi
Published: June 2024

Liver cancer is a serious health concern characterized by abnormal cell growth, but currently, available treatment options are limited, suggesting the need for a new therapeutic method. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of chemical compounds obtained from the cangkring plant (Erythrina fusca) as anti-liver cancer agents targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). The investigation was conducted in silico through molecular docking and dynamic method. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Tools, followed by visualization with Biovia Discovery Studio. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted using GROMACS software and visualized with Grace. A total of 36 chemical compounds from E. fusca were used as ligands for molecular docking. The results showed that Isobavachalcone (ISB) was the most effective test compound with a binding energy of -11.45 kcal/mol, compared to the positive control Sorafenib with a value of - 11.51 kcal/mol. In this context, hydrogen bonding, as well as hydrophobic, electrostatic, and unfavorable molecular interactions were identified. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation provided RMSD, RMSF, Radius of Gyration (Rg), and hydrogen bond parameters. Analysis of these parameters further confirmed the superior stability of ISB in binding to VEGFR-2, suggesting the potential to suppress angiogenesis by blocking the receptor.
Modified Bacterial Cellulose-Based Composite Profile for Drug Release of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
Authors: Cahyani Ni Wayan Chyntia Pramesti , Yuanita Emmy , Dharmayani Ni Komang Tri , Sudirman Sudirman , Sudewianingsih Ni Made , Ulfa Maria
Published: June 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biodegradable natural polymer with high mechanical strength and non-toxicity. This biopolymer is widely used as a candidate in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, wound healing, and filtration systems. However, BC lacks antibacterial activity which limits its use in biomedical applications. So, modification of BC-based composite is required. This study aims to examine the effects of modifying BC-based composites with fillers such as graphite (G) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the release of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) drugs. Adding fillers to BC can alter its physical and mechanical properties, reducing its porosity and swelling rate in acidic and alkaline mediums. The drug release of TCH from modified BC-based composites follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell kinetics models. Adding filler and TCH antibiotic to the composite enhances its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a significant inhibition zone. The results of the inhibition zone show that composites have the potential to be applied in biomedical fields, especially in transdermal patches.
Anticancer Activities of Bromelain Hydrolysate of Soy Protein Against Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7
Authors: Hermanto Sandra , Nurgraha Auliyah Aisyah , Rudiana Tarso
Published: June 2024

Soybeans contain proteins that have the potential to produce anticancer bioactive peptides. This study aims to determine the anticancer activity of soy protein hydrolysate against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Soybean protein hydrolyzed by bromelain enzyme 0.5% (w/v) at the optimum temperature and pH for protein hydrolysis using the Bergmeyer and Grassl method. The degree of hydrolysis value of protein hydrolysate was determined by the Alder-Niesen method and the protein profile was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The hydrolysate with the best degree of hydrolysis value was analyzed for anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells by the Presto Blue assay method, and fractionation of protein hydrolysates by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-15). The molecular weight of the peptide was characterized by LCMS/MS. Soy protein hydrolysis using 0.5% (w/v) bromelain enzyme was optimum at 65 ºC and pH 7.0 for 4 hours, with a hydrolysis degree value of 20.57%. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the protein hydrolysates had quite thick protein bands in the range of <35 kDa with an IC50 value of 70.37 mg/mL. Based on the LCMS/MS results, the peptide from fractionation has a molecular weight of 5.133 kDa.
Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement
Authors: Firdaus Dzikri Anfasa , Andrianto Dimas , Darmawan Noviyan
Published: June 2024

Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair contain α-keratin, a protein that can be broken by hydrolysis to produce simpler amino acids. Feather waste generates millions of tons of α-keratin biomass originating from animal slaughterhouses, thereby raising health concerns. The utilization of acid hydrolysis is considered to be more cost-effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis, and it provides a broader range of amino acid cleavage sites compared to enzymes, which exhibit specific cleavage. This study aimed to isolate amino acids from Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair through acid hydrolysis. The methods included hair sample preparation, acid hydrolysis used 6 M HCL at 110°C, reflux isolation, amino acid separation based on isoelectric pH 4.9 –5.4, functional groups analysis using FTIR, and analysis of amino acid content by HPLC methods. The results showed that the yield produced after isolation on Javanese goat hair samples was 0.92% and Garut sheep hair 0.32%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed amino acid functional groups in both samples, including carboxyl (COOH), amine (C-N primer), (C-S disulfide), and amide I (-CONH2). Successful breakdown of α-keratin proteins into simpler amino acids was achieved for Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair. Amino acid analysis of Javanese goat hair isolates revealed the presence of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, and arginine amino acids, respectively. The highest content was isoleucine at 0.60% w/w. In conclusion, the isolated amino acids from Javanese goat hair can be used as a halal supplement that serves as nutrition in the body.
Garciniaxanthone E and 12b-Hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin A from The Tree Bark Garcinia dulcis and their Inhibitory Properties against Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Authors: Kurniadewi Fera , Aqilah Amadita Shafa , Kartika Irma Ratna , Nurjayadi Muktiningsih , Hermawati Elvira , Danova Ade
Published: June 2024

Two xanthone derivatives, garciniaxanthone E (1) and 12b-Hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin A (2) have been isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the tree bark of Garcinia dulcis. The Ultraviolet (UV), Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS) data analysis elucidated the structure of the isolated compounds. This study represents the first evaluation of compounds 1 and 2 in terms of their efficacy against receptor tyrosine kinases. The results showed that compound 1 exhibited weak activity with 12% inhibition against Insulin Receptor (InsR), while compound 2 showed moderate activity with 29% inhibition against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A molecular docking study targeting EGFR-TK suggests that the hydroxyl group at C-4 on compound 2 can be demolished to raise the inhibitory activity in future research.
Análisis de procedencia de la Formación Tena en el río Anzu, Puyo – Ecuador
Authors: Romero-Cóndor Christian Wladimir , Cervantes-Gualuchico Heidy Liliana , Oyague-Vergara Emilio José , Heredia-Puente Sofia Tatiana , Pazmiño-Aguiar Paola Dominique , Proaño-Altamirano Antonio Patricio , Ortiz-Mercado María Angelica , Carranco-Andino Fausto Rodolfo , Guerrero-Tamayo Erick Javier , Martínez-Jimenez Víctor Horacio
Published: June 2024

La mega secuencia sedimentaria del Cretácico Superior de la cuenca Oriente en Ecuador se compone por las formaciones Hollín, Napo y Tena, que ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a su interés económico en la industria petrolera. No obstante, la escasa información acerca de las características petrográficas y geoquímicas de las rocas fuente de la Formación Tena en el centro y sur de la zona Subandina ha generado incertidumbre en el modelo de evolución geológica regional, particularmente en el intervalo Maastrichtiano a Paleoceno. La sección del río Anzu, al noroeste de Puyo, proporciona la oportunidad de analizar la procedencia de la Formación Tena, exhibiendo de forma completa y continua su secuencia estratigráfica. Con el propósito de definir la fuente detrítica de la Formación Tena, esta investigación detalla la litoestratigrafía, petrografía, geoquímica y asociación de minerales pesados en la sección del río Anzu. El análisis petrográfico revela que las areniscas de la Formación Tena son litoareniscas feldespáticas, arcosas líticas y sublitarenitas, originadas a partir de fuentes sedimentarias ricas en cuarzo, con influencia ígnea y metamórfica. Las asociaciones de minerales pesados, junto con las concentraciones de elementos mayores, traza y tierras raras, indican que estas areniscas provienen principalmente de provincias sedimentarias recicladas, con influencia de provincias ígneas ácidas y metamórficas. Estas fuentes estarían vinculadas a regiones andinas que exhumaron y asimilaron bloques o cuñas tectónicas de la cuenca Oriente durante el inicio de la orogenia Andina a finales del Cretácico Superior e inicio del Paleoceno; la erosión de estos bloques controló el detrito disponible para la sedimentación de la Formación Tena en la zona de estudio.
Project Spotlight: Molin Concrete builds precast concrete teaching tool at UMD
Authors: Dymond Benjamin Z. , Saccoman John , McIntyre Marty
Published: June 2024

Working together, Molin Concrete Products of Lino Lakes, Minn., and the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) designed a teaching tool that helps engineering stu¬dents understand more than precast concrete design concepts. The precast concrete demonstration structure allows students to observe, touch, and visualize concepts in real time.
Emperor Maximilian’s winged putto leaning on a walker – and on Dürer’s monogram
Authors: Eörsi Anna
Published: June 2024

In the bas-de-page decoration by Jörg Breu the Elder of a leaf in the Prayer Book of Emperor Maximilian I (fol. 78r), a cheerful winged putto is gracefully propelling a walking frame. Both the rolling structure aiding its first steps and the presence of wings cry out for an explanation, especially as the two are shown together.

Unlike most other depictions of a child with a walker, this putto is neither a personification of an age of man, nor a reference to a specific infant. Among its precedents, it is worth mentioning the marginal decorations of prayers of intercession, especially the relevant depiction in the Hours of Mary of Burgundy.

The structure of the walker in Maximilian’s prayer book is counterfunctional: its wooden slats together form a capital A and capital D. By modelling the walker on Dürer’s monogram, Jörg Breu was, on the one hand, thanking his mentor for his inspiration, and on the other, fulfilling the wish of Konrad Peutinger – and indirectly of the emperor – that the decoration of the prayer book be completed in the manner commenced by Dürer.

While there are also classical precedents for the motif of the walker as a device aiding the acquisition of knowledge, later examples are particularly relevant to the sustentaculum modelled on Dürer’s monogram. In the seventeenth century, the metaphor of the “first step” and the concept of “giving and receiving support” frequently conjured up the theme of master and pupil; at this time, the child learning to walk with the aid of a walker was repeatedly alluded to in the context of the study and practice of art. This notion also comes across in the etching by Rembrandt known as ‘Het Rolwagentje’: here too, learning to walk independently refers to the process of mastering art, with the obligatory first steps being to practise drawing nudes and to copy the works of the master.

In the depiction of the putto, its hesitant steps imply slowness, while its wings suggest speed. This ambivalence is also the essence of the adage festina lente, which was of particular relevance to Emperor Maximilian; the theme was probably suggested by Peutinger. Other references to the emperor are the figure of Hercules stepping on a snail, in the lower right margin of the same sheet, and the crane depicted on its verso.
Frontal white and gray matter abnormality in gambling disorder: A multimodal MRI study
Authors: Bellmunt-Gil Albert , Vorobyev Victor , Parkkola Riitta , Lötjönen Jyrki , Joutsa Juho , Kaasinen Valtteri
Published: June 2024

Background

Changes in brain structural connections appear to be important in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders, but their role in behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder (GD), is unclear. GD also offers a model to study addiction mechanisms without pharmacological confounding factors. Here, we used multimodal MRI data to examine the integrity of white matter connections in individuals with GD. We hypothesized that the affected areas would be in the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit.

Methods

Twenty individuals with GD (mean age: 64 years, GD duration: 15.7 years) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent detailed clinical examinations together with brain 3T MRI scans (T1, T2, FLAIR and DWI). White matter (WM) analysis involved fractional anisotropy and lesion load, while gray matter (GM) analysis included voxel- and surface-based morphometry. These measures were compared between groups, and correlations with GD-related behavioral characteristics were examined.

Results

Individuals with GD showed reduced WM integrity in the left and right frontal parts of the corona radiata and corpus callosum (pFWE < 0.05). WM gambling symptom severity (SOGS score) was negatively associated to WM integrity in these areas within the left hemisphere (p < 0.05). Individuals with GD also exhibited higher WM lesion load in the left anterior corona radiata (pFWE < 0.05). GM volume in the left thalamus and GM thickness in the left orbitofrontal cortex were reduced in the GD group (pFWE < 0.05).

Conclusions

Similar to substance addictions, the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuit is also affected in GD, suggesting that this circuitry may have a crucial role in addictions, independent of pharmacological substances.
Rola sakramentu pojednania i pokuty w rozwoju życia chrześcijańskiego w świetle nauczania papieży Jana Pawła II, Benedykta XVI i Franciszka
Authors: Żarkowski Andrzej
Published: June 2024

“God became man so that man might become God” – this theological formula, present in the writings of early Christian authors and the Catechism of the Catholic Church, expresses the fundamental thought of the Church Fathers on salvation. The incarnation of Jesus Christ, as an expression of God’s love, is the central element of the economy of salvation, for by assuming human nature, the Son of God redeems humanity. The Catechism emphasizes that the entire life of Christ is a mystery of Redemption, encompassing His incarnation, passion, death, resurrection, and eternal life. The Church, continuing Christ’s salvific work, calls for penance and conversion, offering the sacrament of reconciliation as a way to renew one’s relationship with God. Despite historical crises, the Church continually strives to renew Christian life through the sacrament of penance, which plays a key role in the inner transformation of individuals. The aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the importance of this sacrament in light of the teachings of John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis as an essential element in the development of Christian life.
On Materials Which Allow Students to Find Out Mathematical Propositions Using Snapping on GeoGebra
Authors: Hara Tomoki , Ahara Kazushi
Published: June 2024

GeoGebra is the most well-known Dynamic Geometry Application (DGA) in the world. Many researchers are interested in GeoGebra as a tool to make interactive mathematics resources. Here we focus on a snapping function in GeoGebra, which is a kind of general feature of DGA: the mouse
cursor is attracted to a specific position or a specific object and it looks like magnetic attraction. Snapping to a lattice point is originally implemented in GeoGebra. Some examples of extended snapping function are introduced in GeoGebra Material platform. The goal of this paper is to argue
the effectiveness of snapping function in GeoGebra from the viewpoint of making educational materials. We propose some positive examples of resources with snapping functions. We also use GeoGebra resources both with and without snapping functions, and report the results of questionnaires about
these materials in a class of a simulated lesson.
Revisiting Elementary Arithmetic Through the Development of Iterative Sentences: Some Brief Reflections about the Ordering of the Corresponding Teaching Activities
Authors: Roanes-Lozano Eugenio , Solin Pavel
Published: June 2024

This experience has taken place at the School of Education of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. The goals of the subjects considered are to show how the computer can help in the teaching-learning process in Primary and/or Secondary Education and to clarify and strengthen the
mathematical concepts of our students. Mastering a specific computational language or package is not a goal. We’ll focus here on a very specific problem, discussed and precised together with the second author: implementing arithmetic operators as nontrivial examples of iterative sentences
(not exactly using Peano's arithmetic, but a similar constructive approach). We’ll analyse along the article why we believe the best ordering for developing the corresponding algorithm and implementing the code for the operators: power (with positive integer exponent), multiplication
(by a positive integer) and addition (of a positive integer), is the reverse ordering in which they are introduced in elementary mathematics or introduced in an axiomatic.
Psychological typification and reaction of the cardiovascular system of endurance athletes to multisensory interference. Part 2: the relationship between the psychological characteristics of a successful athlete and the response of heart rate to stressors
Authors: Vergunov Evgenij , Zinchenko Margarita , Gultyaeva Valentina , Barabash Ekaterina , Uryumtsev Dmitriy , Balioz Natalia , Krivoschekov Sergej
Published: June 2024

The search for methods of profiling and selecting athletes in order to preserve health
and improve performance is one of the most important tasks of scientific and methodological support for sports training. The purpose of the study is to assess the possibility of determining the psychophysiological types of athletes when testing for resistance to multisensory interference. These data can later be used in combined psychophysiological methods of sports selection. The aim of the study is to find out whether certain psychological types of athletes may have characteristic physiological features of reactions to hypoxia, as well as to assess the applicability of the methods
used. 28 cyclical sports athletes — male skiers and swimmers from 13 to 26 years old (Q1 (25 %) 18,2; median (50 %) 19,0; Q3 (75 %) 20,7) of various levels of athletic qualification were examined.
A test was performed with normobaric 10 % hypoxia with an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Revealed: 1. differences in HRV profiles at rest and at the beginning of the hypoxic test in athletes of different sports qualifications, 2. certain combinations of personality traits of masters of cyclic sports correspond to characteristic HRV profiles. This study shows that the skill level of an athlete is reflected in the response to multisensory interference and the chosen research methods are adequate for the set
goals. The limitations of this pilot study include the sample size, as well as the fact that only males participated in it. In the future, the authors plan to increase the sample depending on the size of the effect (at least 125 volunteers) to obtain more reliable data and qualitative conclusions.
The Book Collection of the Paulins of Wielgomłyński Monastery in the Light of the Inventors of the Years 1716–1755
Authors: Stolarczyk Tomasz
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the book collection of the Pauline Fathers from Wielgomlyny (Poland) from the first half of the 18th century. The analysis of the this collection was carried outon the basis of Latin library inventories from the first half of the 18th century. They are now occurring in order’s archive in Jasna Gora (Czestochowa) and the Archives of the Archdiocese of Czestochowa. In the first half of the 18th century the library in Wielgomlyny was from 252 in 1716 to 746 books in 1755. Out of these, theological works and collections of sermons predominated. The Paulines also had several copies of polemical and hagiographic books as well as the Bible and commentaries on it. There were also a small number of works by first and foremost modern philosophers, and one by ancient philosophers, as well as works in medicine and astrology. A significant role in the Pauline library was played by works from the field of history, both church and secular, political writings and collections of laws. Church authors dominated the laity - among those of religious provenance, the Jesuits were in the lead and, of course, Paulines. The vast majority of books were written in Latin. However, there were also works in Polish (mainly sermons), including those translated into that language. Summing up, it should be stated that the library of the Pauline monks from Wielgomlyny was a typical monastery library of the 18th century.
Economic issues in pages “Ziemia Częstochowska” in the years 1934–2022, in a subjective choice – an attempt to relate
Authors: Złotkowski Dariusz
Published: June 2024

"Ziemia Częstochowska" as a periodical of the Regional Culture Society in Częstochowa, which has been published since 1934. From the beginning of its existence, it has been a multi-layered form of communicating to the reader articles from many areas of life in Częstochowa and the surrounding area. The purpose of this article is to try to draw attention to articles about economics. The declining period of the Second Polish Republic, the so-called The time of the People's Republic of Poland and the years after 1989 are three very different eras. Each of them had a particular impact on economic issues. The attempt to discuss such articles presented in this study is subjective. Secondly,it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that no article can be rejected out of hand, even if it was written during the period of domination of Marxist ideology. Some of the articles written at that time have retained some value to this day. And perhaps most importantly, this text is an appeal to the young generation of historians and history lovers, including local ones, to undertake such difficult and thankless research on economic history.