bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect Occurrence in Water‐Assisted Injection‐Molded Products: Definition and Responsible Formation Mechanisms
Authors: SANNEN SOFIE , VAN PUYVELDE PETER , DE KEYZER JOZEFIEN
Published: September 2014

This study starts with the definition of different defects that occur in water‐assisted injection‐molded products to which subsequently responsible formation mechanisms are attributed. It is seen that the four different defect types in the current experimental setup—irregular residual wall, void, double wall, and no residual wall—are either formed by different mechanisms or by the same mechanism of which the extent decides on the actual defect type. The current insights into the occurring part defects are used in the second part of this study to explain the influence of process and material parameters on the defect occurrence in a reference experiment. The presence as well as the extent of a formation mechanism is here further linked to the water and/or polymer properties/conditions, which exist during water penetration. The water and melt temperature, water holding pressure, and the presence of nucleating agents in the polymer melt were therefore varied within the predefined reference setting. The influence on the nature and location of the part defects was investigated with a qualitative defect analysis. It is found that the proposed definitions and mechanisms are able to explain experimentally observed changes in defect occurrence physically, with which the existing indistinctness in the literature can be elucidated as well.
VENOM OF THE PARASITOID WASP Pteromalus puparum CONTAINS AN ODORANT BINDING PROTEIN
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhu Jia‐Ying , Qian Cen , Fang Qi , Ye Gong‐Yin
Published: September 2014

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are crucial for insects to detect food, mates, predators, or other purposes. They are mostly located on antennae and other olfactory sensilla. In this study, we identified an OBP from the venom of Pteromalus puparum, designated as PpOBP. The cDNA of PpOBP is 517 bp in length, encoding 132 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PpOBP was clustered with OBP68 and OBP67 of Nasonia vitripennis. PpOBP was highly expressed in the venom apparatus at the transcriptional and translational levels. PpOBP was located in all parts of venom apparatus including venom gland, venom reservoir, and Dufour's gland. During 0–6 days post adult eclosion, the PpOBP mRNA level peaked at 2 days in the venom apparatus, whereas the protein remained at a high level. In the venom apparatus, the PpOBP mRNA was significantly upregulated following feeding with honey and parasitization. We propose that PpOBP is involved in parasitoid‐host interactions.
High cell density propionic acid fermentation with an acid tolerant strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Jin Ying , Yang Shang‐Tian
Published: September 2014

Propionic acid is an important chemical with wide applications and its production via fermentation is of great interest. However, economic production of bio‐based propionic acid requires high product titer, yield, and productivity in the fermentation. A highly efficient and stable high cell density (HCD) fermentation process with cell recycle by centrifugation was developed for propionic acid production from glucose using an acid‐tolerant strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, which had a higher specific growth rate, productivity, and acid tolerance compared to the wild type ATCC 4875. The sequential batch HCD fermentation at pH 6.5 produced propionic acid at a high titer of ∼40 g/L and productivity of 2.98 g/L h, with a yield of ∼0.44 g/g. The product yield increased to 0.53–0.62 g/g at a lower pH of 5.0–5.5, which, however, decreased the productivity to 1.28 g/L h. A higher final propionic acid titer of >55 g/L with a productivity of 2.23 g/L h was obtained in fed‐batch HCD fermentation at pH 6.5. A 3‐stage simulated fed‐batch process in serum bottles produced 49.2 g/L propionic acid with a yield of 0.53 g/g and productivity of 0.66 g/L h. These productivities, yields and propionic acid titers were among the highest ever obtained in free‐cell propionic acid fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 502–511. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the Molecular Structure of Imidazolium–Silica‐Based Nanoparticle Networks by Combining Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy and First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Neouze Marie‐Alexandra , Kronstein Martin , Litschauer Marco , Puchberger Michael , Coelho Cristina , Bonhomme Christian , Gervais Christel , Tielens Frederik
Published: September 2014

A DFT‐based molecular model for imidazolium–silica‐based nanoparticle networks (INNs) is presented. The INNs were synthesized and characterized by using small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical ab initio calculations. 11B and 31P HETCOR CP MAS experiments were recorded. Calculated 19F NMR spectroscopy results, combined with the calculated anion–imidazolium (IM) distances, predicted the IM chain density in the INN, which was also confirmed from thermogravimetric analysis/mass spectrometry results. The presence of water molecules trapped between the nanoparticles is also suggested. First considerations on possible π–π stacking between the IM rings are presented. The predicted electronic properties confirm the photoluminescence emissions in the correct spectral domain.
[UIII{N(SiMe2tBu)2}3]: A Structurally Authenticated Trigonal Planar Actinide Complex
Authors: Goodwin Conrad A. P. , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Liddle Stephen T. , McMaster Jonathan , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo J. , Mills David P.
Published: September 2014

We report the synthesis and characterization of the uranium(III) triamide complex [UIII(N**)3] [1, N**=N(SiMe2tBu)2−]. Surprisingly, complex 1 exhibits a trigonal planar geometry in the solid state, which is unprecedented for three‐coordinate actinide complexes that have exclusively adopted trigonal pyramidal geometries to date. The characterization data for [UIII(N**)3] were compared with the prototypical trigonal pyramidal uranium(III) triamide complex [UIII(N“)3] (N”=N(SiMe3)2−), and taken together with theoretical calculations it was concluded that pyramidalization results in net stabilization for [UIII(N“)3], but this can be overcome with very sterically demanding ligands, such as N**. The planarity of 1 leads to favorable magnetic dynamics, which may be considered in the future design of UIII single‐molecule magnets.
ChemInform Abstract: The Luminescence Properties of Novel α‐Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu 2+ Phosphor Prepared in Air.
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Yan‐gai , Liu Haikun , Yang Dexin , Ding Hao , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui
Published: September 2014

Blue emitting α‐Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu 2+ phosphor is prepared via conventional solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of MgO, Al2O3, H2SiO3, and Eu2O3 using excess La2O3 as a flux (alumina crucible, air, 1300 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Class of Bifunctional Thioureas from L‐Proline: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyls to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Vinayagam Poopathy , Vishwanath Manjunatha , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: September 2014

Excellent enantioselectivities are obtained in the Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroolefins using a novel bifunctional thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Olefin Epoxidation with a Carboxylic Acid‐Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Molybdenum Tricarbonyl Complex.
Authors: Gomes Ana C. , Bruno Sofia M. , Abrantes Marta , Magalhaes Clara I. R. , Goncalves Isabel S. , Valente Anabela A. , Pillinger Martyn
Published: September 2014

The catalyst can be recyled, but its activity decreases significantly in consecutive catalytic cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Examination of the Scope and Stereochemistry of the Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement of Boron Ketene Acetals.
Authors: Seizert Curtis A. , Ferreira Eric M.
Published: September 2014

Isopropylacetates, tert‐butylacetates and acetates as well as esters of secondary alcohols fail to rearrange.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature, Metal‐Free Arylation of Aliphatic Alcohols.
Authors: Ghosh Raju , Lindstedt Erik , Jalalian Nazli , Olofsson Berit
Published: September 2014

For the first time the efficient arylation of aliphatic alcohols with diaryliodonium salts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Arylhydrazines via C—NHNH2 Bond Activation in Water.
Authors: Liu Jin‐Biao , Zhou He‐Ping , Peng Yi‐Yuan
Published: September 2014

A novel protocol for the Suzuki cross‐coupling of arylhydrazines with arylboronic acids to form biaryls under aqueous conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indazoles and Azaindazoles by Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative C—N Coupling under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hu Jiantao , Xu Huacheng , Nie Pengju , Xie Xiaobo , Nie Zongxiu , Rao Yu
Published: September 2014

It offers a new, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach to a wide range of indazoles and azaindazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexafluoroantimonic Acid Catalysis: Formal [3 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Aziridines with Two Alkynes.
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Bo , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: September 2014

The HSbF6‐catalyzed [3 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1‐tosylaziridines with two equivalents of a terminal alkyne affords azepines such as (III) and (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligoepicatechins from the Leaves of Machilus konishii.
Authors: Lin Yi‐Shan , Tsai Sheng‐Fa , Lee Shoei‐Sheng
Published: September 2014

Dehydrodiepicatechin A (I) is isolated along with several known compounds from the title plant leaves.
ChemInform Abstract: The Origins of Cyanobactin Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Jaspars Marcel
Published: September 2014

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Microstructural and Vibrational Analyses of the Monoclinic Tungstate BiLuWO6.
Authors: Ahsaine H. Ait , Taoufyq A. , Patout L. , Ezahri M. , Benlhachemi A. , Bakiz B. , Villain S. , Guinneton F. , Gavarri J.‐R.
Published: September 2014

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Lu2O3, Bi2O3, and WO3 (1000 °C, 15 h) and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Polymorph of Phosphorus Nitride Imide HP4N7 Representing a New Framework Topology.
Authors: Baumann Dominik , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: September 2014

A new polymorph of HP4N7 is synthesized from a mixture of P3N5 and NH4Cl in a modified Walker‐type multianvil assembly (BN crucible, 6 GPa, 800 °C, 240 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Coexistence of Localized and Itinerant Electrons in the Double‐Perovskite Ba2Fe2/3Mo4/3O6.
Authors: Lopez Carlos A. , Saleta Martin E. , Pedregosa Jose C. , Sanchez Rodolfo D. , Alonso Jose A. , Fernandez‐Diaz Maria T.
Published: September 2014

The new double‐perovskite of title is prepared by decomposition of citrate precursors obtained from Ba(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, and (NH4)6Mo7O24 (air, 180→600 °C, 12 h) followed by thermal treatment under 5% H2/N2 (800 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Y(IO3)3 as a Novel Photocatalyst: Synthesis, Characterization, and Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Huang Hongwei , He Ying , He Ran , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Yihe , Wang Shichao
Published: September 2014

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of stoichiometric amounts of Y(NO3)3 and I2O5 (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, ESR, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and DFT band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mixed Gold‐Palladium Polyoxo‐Noble‐Metalate [NaAuIII4PdII8O8 (AsO4)8]11‐.
Authors: Izarova Natalya V. , Kondinski Aleksandar , Vankova Nina , Heine Thomas , Jaeger Patrick , Schinle Florian , Hampe Oliver , Kortz Ulrich
Published: September 2014

Na11 [NaAu4Pd8O8(AsO4)8] ·35H2O·6NaOAc is synthesized by first reacting a 1M aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Links Between Structure and Magnetism in Sr2‐xCaxFeOsO6 Double Perovskites.
Authors: Morrow Ryan , Freeland John W. , Woodward Patrick M.
Published: September 2014

The ordered double perovskites Sr2FeOsO6, Ca2FeOsO6, and SrCaFeOsO6 are prepared from stoichiometric amounts of SrO2, CaO, Fe2O3, and Os using PbO2 as an in situ source of oxygen (1000 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Free Two‐Component Approach in Gold Catalysis: Activation of [LAuCl] Complexes with Derivatives of Copper, Zinc, Indium, Bismuth, and Other Lewis Acids.
Authors: Fang Weizhen , Presset Marc , Guerinot Amandine , Bour Christophe , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Gandon Vincent
Published: September 2014

Catalytically active species for a variety of transformations are obtained from stable gold complexes using non‐silver metal‐based activators.
ChemInform Abstract: The N‐Chlorination of Primary Amines Using FeCl3 and m‐CPBA.
Authors: Liu Jia , Xu Junchao , Ren Jiangmeng , Zeng Bu‐Bing
Published: September 2014

N,N‐Dichloroamines are prepared from primary amines using m‐chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant and FeCl3 as chlorine source.
ChemInform Abstract: Greener Iodination of Arenes Using Sulfated Ceria—Zirconia Catalysts in Polyethylene Glycol.
Authors: Kahandal Sandeep S. , Kale Sandip R. , Gawande Manoj B. , Zboril Radek , Varma Rajender S. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: September 2014

The title reaction proceeds under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Cross‐Coupling Reactions of (Pivaloyloxymethyl)zinc Chloride.
Authors: Blanc Romain , Groll Klaus , Bernhardt Sebastian , Stockmann Paul N. , Knochel Paul
Published: September 2014

The title chlorides, which are prepared by an iodine‐magnesium exchange and subsequent transmetalation (step 1 and 2) from compounds (I), show higher reactivity in the Negishi cross‐coupling (step 3) than the one prepared by direct zinc insertion.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Practical Alkynylation of Heteronucleophiles with Copper Acetylides.
Authors: Theunissen Cedric , Lecomte Morgan , Jouvin Kevin , Laouiti Anouar , Guissart Celine , Heimburger Jeremy , Loire Estelle , Evano Gwilherm
Published: September 2014

Copper acetylides, activated by oxidation with oxygen in the presence of simple nitrogen ligands, undergo a formal umpolung and are able to transfer their alkyne subunit to a wide range of heteronucleophiles, including amides, oxazolidinones, imines and dialkyl phosphites.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two‐Step Synthesis of the Bioprotective Agent JP4‐039 from N‐Boc‐L‐leucinal.
Authors: Bernardim Barbara , Burtoloso Antonio C. B.
Published: September 2014

The conversion of readily synthesized α,β‐unsaturated diazoketones to β,γ‐unsaturated amides by a photochemical Wolff rearrangement in the presence of primary and secondary amines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxysulfonylation of Alkynes in Aqueous Media: Highly Selective Access to β‐Keto Sulfones.
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Chawla Ruchi , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: September 2014

This simple oxysulfonylation protocol involves the FeCl3/K2S2O8 catalyzed formation of sulfonyl radicals from sulfinate salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C3‐Substituted Enantiopure 2‐(p‐Tolylsulfinyl)‐furans: The Sulfoxide Group as a Chiral Inductor for Furan Dienes as Precursors of a Wide Variety of Chiral Intermediates.
Authors: Montana Angel M. , Grima Pedro M. , Batalla Consuelo , Kociok‐Koehn Gabriele
Published: September 2014

A variety of C‐3 functionalized chiral sulfoxide‐containing furan derivatives is prepared, mainly based on manipulation of the carboxyl‐moiety in (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxyboration: Ring‐Closing Addition of B—O σ Bonds Across Alkynes.
Authors: Hirner Joshua J. , Faizi Darius J. , Blum Suzanne A.
Published: September 2014

A mild and scalable new method for the synthesis of benzofuran derivatives using a Au‐catalysis strategy is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cascade Coupling of N‐Alkyl‐N‐phenylacrylamides with Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Gong Weiwei , Xu Lei , Ji Tao , Xie Ping , Qi Xueyong , Pittman Charles U. Jr. , Zhou Aihua
Published: September 2014

furnishing 3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)indolin‐2‐ones (III) in good yields
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2‐Dioxolanes from β,γ‐Epoxy Ketones.
Authors: Kandur Wynne V. , Richert Kathleen J. , Rieder Curtis J. , Thomas Andrew M. , Hu Chunhua , Ziller Joseph W. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: September 2014

A single step acid‐catalyzed addition of H2O2 to β,γ‐epoxy ketones is developed to synthesize hydroperoxy‐substituted 1,2‐dioxolanes as mixture of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl Substituted 4‐Quinolones via Suzuki Cross Coupling.
Authors: Gupta Sumanta , Ghosh Prasanjit , Dwivedi Seema , Das Sajal
Published: September 2014

The Suzuki cross coupling of 6‐bromo‐4‐quinolones with arylboronic acids is achieved in the presence of Pd‐carbene complex as catalyst under microwave irradiation to give the corresponding 6‐arylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Aza‐[3 + 3] versus Aza‐[3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Heterocyclic Enaminones with Maleic Anhydride and Maleimides: Skeletally Diverse Synthesis of Pyrrolizidinones, Indolizidinones, and Pyrroloazepinones.
Authors: Cunha Silvio , Santos Airam Oliveira , Menezes Correia Jose Tiago , Sabino Jose Ricardo
Published: September 2014

Domino reactions of cyclic enaminones with maleic anhydride or maleimides are investigated providing the formation of diverse alkaloid‐like products.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce—Zr/SiO2: A Versatile Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Three‐Component Synthesis and Solvent Free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol.
Authors: Pagadala Ramakanth , Maddila Suresh , Rana Surjyakanta , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: September 2014

Ce—Zr loaded on silica is shown to be an extremely efficient catalyst for the synthesis of pyranoquinolines (IV) via a three component reaction as well as the solvent‐free liquid‐phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Ugi‐4CC Derived 1H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl‐(aryl) Methyl Piperazinyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid: Synthesis, Biology and 3D‐QSAR Analysis.
Authors: Chauhan Kuldeep , Singh Pratiksha , Kumar Vikash , Shukla Praveen K. , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: September 2014

All compounds are tested for their antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Allenes with 2‐Iodobenzenesulfonamides: Simple Synthesis of Benzosultams under Green Conditions.
Authors: Nagarjuna Reddy M. , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: September 2014

By using allenes (VI) and (VIII) the corresponding β,γ‐cyclized products are obtained as single or major products instead of the β,α‐cyclized ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Thiazolo/Thienoazepine‐5,8‐diones from Dihalo Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones and Mercaptonitrile Salts.
Authors: Luo Laichun , Meng Lanlan , Sun Qi , Ge Zemei , Li Runtao
Published: September 2014

The title compounds are efficiently obtained by domino synthesis of multifunctionalized thiazoles/thiophenes and subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Relay Catalysis Using a Gold(I) Complex/Broensted Acid Binary System for the Synthesis of Bezoxasiloles.
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Takahashi Yu , Nakashima Yuichi , Abe Hitoshi
Published: September 2014

The novel strategy for the synthesis of benzoxasiloles involves a cascade intramolecular allylation of alkynes and the addition of silanols to enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric C—H Functionalization/Cyclization Reaction of Metallocenes: An Efficient Approach Toward the Synthesis of Planar Chiral Metallocene Compounds.
Authors: Deng Ruixian , Huang Yunze , Ma Xinna , Li Gencheng , Zhu Rui , Wang Bin , Kang Yan‐Biao , Gu Zhenhua
Published: September 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds is achieved by intramolecular cyclization to form indenone derivatives in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of the C24—C40 Fragment of (‐)‐Pulvomycin.
Authors: Boerding Sandra , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2014

Fragment (I) is prepared in 15 linear steps from D‐fucose in 6.8% overall yield, including a diastereoselective addition to an aldehyde, a β‐selective glycosylation and a Stille cross‐coupling as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Scyphostatin Hydrophilic Moiety.
Authors: Kuwata Kazuaki , Suzuki Masashi , Inami Yoshikazu , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Shoji Mitsuru
Published: September 2014

The stereoselective synthesis of the title compound (I) is accomplished, which can give access to scyphostatin (II) and its derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Example of Double 6‐exo‐trig Heterocyclization: Nitrile Conversion to New Anticancer Active (HeLa Cells) Primary Amine Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Prodius Denis , Shah Hamid Saeed , Iqbal Jamshed , Macaeva Anastasia , Dimoglo Anatoli , Kostakis George E. , Zill Nicolas , Macaev Fliur , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2014

Derivatives (II) are ionic liquids at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Zintl Phase Compounds AM2Sb2 (A: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Yb; M: Zn, Cd) and Their Substitution Variants: A Class of Potential Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Guo Kai , Cao Qigao , Zhao Jingtai
Published: September 2014

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Formation and Chemical Features
Authors: Kehr Gerald , Schwendemann Sina , Erker Gerhard
Published: September 2014

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Acidic α‐Amino Acids as Acyl Donors: An Effective Stereo‐Controllable Synthesis of Aryl‐Keto α‐Amino Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Wang Lei , Murai Yuta , Yoshida Takuma , Okamoto Masashi , Tachrim Zetryana Puteri , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Hashimoto Makoto
Published: September 2014

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Marine Terpene‐Adenine Hybrids and Synthetic Analogues
Authors: Gundersen Lise‐Lotte
Published: September 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Application of β‐Amino Ketones
Authors: Nguyen Nghi H. , Hughes Andrew B. , Sleebs Brad E.
Published: September 2014

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogues
Authors: Lopchuk Justin M.
Published: September 2014

Review: synthesis and reactivity of pyrroles, indoles and related fused ring systems rported during 2012; 341 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiosyntheses Using Fluorine‐18: The Art and Science of Late Stage Fluorination
Authors: Cole Erin L. , Stewart Megan N. , Littich Ryan , Hoareau Raphael , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: September 2014

Review: 257 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Oxaziridines
Authors: Williamson Kevin S. , Michaelis David J. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: September 2014

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Heterocycles in Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Rotstein Benjamin H. , Zaretsky Serge , Rai Vishal , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: September 2014

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed/Mediated Oxidative Transformations of C—H Bonds
Authors: Jia Fan , Li Zhiping
Published: September 2014

Review: 195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azolylimidazoles: Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Abdelwahab Bakr Fathy , Khidre Rizk Elsayed
Published: September 2014

Review: 105 refs.
Selective reading of stored information in RE doped aluminium perovskites
Authors: Chiriu D. , Carbonaro C.M. , Corpino R. , Stagi L. , Ricci P.C.
Published: September 2014

Cerium doped rare earths aluminum perovskites, (REAlO3) are widely used as highly efficient and fast scintillators matrix for γ‐ray detection. The crystal structures of pure perovskites (YAlO3 (YAP) and LuAlO3 (LuAP)) and their mixed compound (Lu0,7Y0,3AlO3 (LuYAP)) needs to be free of structural defects in order to avoid unwelcome shallow or deep intragap energy levels that decreases light yield and can generates afterglow that further reduce the efficiency of the final devices. However in this paper we focus on the possibility to control and use such carrier traps to engineer new devices for optical memory storage. In this perspective, the optical and structural characterizations are presented and the effects of visible irradiation on the thermoluminescence measurements are discussed. Three trap levels are observed in nitrogen atmosphere grown monocrystals of LuYAP sample, and the selective effects of red, blue and deep blue irradiation show the feasibility in the near future of new promising transparent displays.
AgTFSI as p‐Type Dopant for Efficient and Stable Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Bo , Huang Jing , Ågren Hans , Kloo Lars , Hagfeldt Anders , Sun Licheng
Published: September 2014

A silver‐based organic salt, silver bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl)imide (AgTFSI), was employed as an effective p‐type dopant for the triarylamine‐based organic hole‐transport material Spiro‐MeOTAD, which has been successfully applied in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of AgTFSI‐doped devices improved by 20 %, as compared to the device based on the commonly used oxygen doping both for ssDSCs and PSCs. Moreover, the solid‐state dye‐sensitized devices exposed to AgTFSI as dopant showed considerably better stability than those of oxygen doped, qualifying this p‐type dopant as a promising alterative for the preparation of highly efficient as well as stable ssDSCs and PSCs for the future.
Early stages of induction of anterior head ectodermal properties in Xenopus embryos are mediated by transcriptional cofactor ldb1
Authors: Plautz Carol Zygar , Zirkle Brett E. , Deshotel Malia J. , Grainger Robert M.
Published: September 2014

Background: Specific molecules involved in early inductive signaling from anterior neural tissue to the placodal ectoderm to establish a lens‐forming bias, as well as their regulatory factors, remain largely unknown. In this study, we sought to identify and characterize these molecules. Results: Using an expression cloning strategy to isolate genes with lens‐inducing activity, we identified the transcriptional cofactor ldb1. This, together with evidence for its nuclear dependence, suggests its role as a regulatory factor, not a direct signaling molecule. We propose that ldb1 mediates induction of early lens genes in our functional assay by transcriptional activation of lens‐inducing signals. Gain‐of‐function assays demonstrate that the inductive activity of the anterior neural plate on head ectodermal structures can be augmented by ldb1. Loss‐of‐function assays show that knockdown of ldb1 leads to decreased expression of early lens and retinal markers and subsequently to defects in eye development. Conclusions: The functional cloning, expression pattern, overexpression, and knockdown data show that an ldb1‐regulated mechanism acts as an early signal for Xenopus lens induction. Developmental Dynamics 243:1606–1618, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Olfactory sensory system develops from coordinated movements within the neural plate
Authors: Torres‐Paz Jorge , Whitlock Kathleen E.
Published: September 2014

Background: The peripheral olfactory sensory system arises from morphologically identifiable structures called placodes. Placodes are relatively late developing structures, evident only well after the initiation of somitogenesis. Placodes are generally described as being induced from the ectoderm suggesting that their development is separate from the coordinated cell movements generating the central nervous system. Results: With the advent of modern techniques it is possible to follow the development of the neurectoderm giving rise to the anterior neural tube, including the olfactory placodes. The cell movements giving rise to the optic cup are coordinated with those generating the olfactory placodes and adjacent telencephalon. The formation of the basal lamina separating the placode from the neural tube is coincident with the anterior migration of cranial neural crest. Conclusions: Olfactory placodes are transient morphological structures arising from a continuous sheet of neurectoderm that gives rise to the peripheral and central nervous system. This field of cells is specified at the end of gastrulation and not secondarily induced from ectoderm. The separation of olfactory placodes and telencephalon occurs through complex cell movements within the developing neural plate similar to that observed for the developing optic cup. Developmental Dynamics 243:1619–1631, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The bacteriome–mycobiome interaction and antifungal host defense
Authors: Oever Jaap ten , Netea Mihai G.
Published: September 2014

Large communities of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiome, inhabit our body surfaces. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing, the diversity and abundance of these communities are being unravelled. Besides an imporant role in metabolic processes, the microbiome is essential for proper functioning of our immune system, including the defense against fungi. Despite the progress of the past years, studies aimed at characterizing our fungal colonizers (the mycobiome) are limited; nevertheless fungi are important players of the microbiome, either as a cofactor in disease or as potential pathogens. In this review, we describe the role of the bacterial microbiome in antifungal host defense. On the one hand, bacteria provide colonization resistance to fungi, inhibit Candida virulence by preventing yeast‐hyphal transition and contribute to epithelial integrity, all factors are important for the pathogenesis of invasive fungal disease. On the other hand, several bacterial species modulate mucosal (antifungal) immune responses. Murine studies demonstrate important effects of the microbiome on the antifungal responses of T‐helper 17 cells, regulatory T cells and innate lymphoid cells. Inferred from these studies, perturbation of the healthy microbiome should be avoided and microbiome manipulation and interventions based on bacteria‐derived pathways involved in immunomodulation are attractive options for modulating antifungal host defense.
Microbiota control of a tryptophan–AhR pathway in disease tolerance to fungi
Authors: Romani Luigina , Zelante Teresa , Luca Antonella De , Iannitti Rossana G. , Moretti Silvia , Bartoli Andrea , Aversa Franco , Puccetti Paolo
Published: September 2014

An increased understanding of the importance of microbiota in shaping the host's immune and metabolic activities has rendered fungal interactions with their hosts more complex than previously appreciated. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has a pivotal role in connecting tryptophan catabolism by microbial communities and the host's own pathway of tryptophan metabolite production with the orchestration of T‐cell function. AhR activation by a Lactobacillus‐derived AhR ligand leads to the production of IL‐22 to the benefit of mucosal defense mechanisms, an activity upregulated in the absence of the host tryptophan catabolic enzyme, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is required for protection from fungal diseases (“disease tolerance”). As AhR activation in turn leads to the activation—in a feedback fashion—of IDO1, the regulatory loop involving AhR and IDO1 may have driven the coevolution of commensal fungi with the mammalian immune system and the microbiota, to the benefit of host survival and fungal commensalism. This review will discuss the essential help the microbiota provides in controlling the balance between the dual nature of the fungal–host relationship, namely, commensalism vs. infection.
Electrochemical Sensing of Uric Acid Using Glassy Carbon Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polyethylenimine
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandro , Lozano Maria L. , Galicia Laura , Ferreyra Nancy F. , Rivas Gustavo A.
Published: September 2014

This work reports the advantages of using glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in polyethylenimine (PEI). The presence of MWCNTs wrapped by PEI largely facilitated the strong adsorption of uric acid (UA) and allowed its highly sensitive and selective quantification even in the presence of high excess of ascorbic acid. The selected conditions for the electrochemical sensing were 5 s accumulation at −0.300 V under stirring and quantification in a 0.050 M phosphate buffer solution pH 7.40 by differential pulse voltammetry adsorptive‐stripping after medium exchange. The platform allowed the successful application in the quantification of UA in urine.
Evaluation of in‐channel amperometric detection using a dual‐channel microchip electrophoresis device and a two‐electrode potentiostat for reverse polarity separations
Authors: Meneses Diogenes , Gunasekara Dulan B. , Pichetsurnthorn Pann , da Silva José A. F. , de Abreu Fabiane C. , Lunte Susan M.
Published: September 2014

In‐channel amperometric detection combined with dual‐channel microchip electrophoresis is evaluated using a two‐electrode isolated potentiostat for reverse polarity separations. The device consists of two separate channels with the working and reference electrodes placed at identical positions relative to the end of the channel, enabling noise subtraction. In previous reports of this configuration, normal polarity and a three‐electrode detection system were used. In the two‐electrode detection system described here, the electrode in the reference channel acts as both the counter and reference. The effect of electrode placement in the channels on noise and detector response was investigated using nitrite, tyrosine, and hydrogen peroxide as model compounds. The effects of electrode material and size and type of reference electrode on noise and the potential shift of hydrodynamic voltammograms for the model compounds were determined. In addition, the performance of two‐ and three‐electrode configurations using Pt and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes was compared. Although the signal was attenuated with the Pt reference, the noise was also significantly reduced. It was found that lower LOD were obtained for all three compounds with the dual‐channel configuration compared to single‐channel, in‐channel detection. The dual‐channel method was then used for the detection of nitrite in a dermal microdialysis sample obtained from a sheep following nitroglycerin administration.
Characteristics of some synthetic terpenoids with a grapefruit odour discovered by serendipity
Authors: Bonikowski Radosław , Świtakowska Paulina , Jabłońska Aneta , Kula Józef , Sienkiewicz Monika , Gabrysiak Justyna , Kajrukszto Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

This work presents odour characteristics of a newly synthesized family of seven terpenoid alcohols with citrusy grapefruit odours. The alcohols were prepared from citronellal that was subjected to a two‐ or three‐step reaction sequence to deliver secondary or tertiary alcohols. Two other compounds with an acetal structure (containing 18 and 19 carbon atoms) with the same odour type and very high tenacity were synthesized from (+)‐3‐carene. The most olfactorily potent compounds were 5,9‐dimethyldec‐8‐en‐2‐ol 10 and 2‐carene derivative acetal 25. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural substrates of approach‐avoidance conflict decision‐making
Authors: Aupperle Robin L. , Melrose Andrew J. , Francisco Alex , Paulus Martin P. , Stein Murray B.
Published: September 2014

Animal approach‐avoidance conflict paradigms have been used extensively to operationalize anxiety, quantify the effects of anxiolytic agents, and probe the neural basis of fear and anxiety. Results from human neuroimaging studies support that a frontal–striatal–amygdala neural circuitry is important for approach‐avoidance learning. However, the neural basis of decision‐making is much less clear in this context. Thus, we combined a recently developed human approach‐avoidance paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural substrates underlying approach‐avoidance conflict decision‐making. Fifteen healthy adults completed the approach‐avoidance conflict (AAC) paradigm during fMRI. Analyses of variance were used to compare conflict to nonconflict (avoid‐threat and approach‐reward) conditions and to compare level of reward points offered during the decision phase. Trial‐by‐trial amplitude modulation analyses were used to delineate brain areas underlying decision‐making in the context of approach/avoidance behavior. Conflict trials as compared to the nonconflict trials elicited greater activation within bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and caudate, as well as right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Right caudate and lateral PFC activation was modulated by level of reward offered. Individuals who showed greater caudate activation exhibited less approach behavior. On a trial‐by‐trial basis, greater right lateral PFC activation related to less approach behavior. Taken together, results suggest that the degree of activation within prefrontal‐striatal‐insula circuitry determines the degree of approach versus avoidance decision‐making. Moreover, the degree of caudate and lateral PFC activation related to individual differences in approach‐avoidance decision‐making. Therefore, the approach‐avoidance conflict paradigm is ideally suited to probe anxiety‐related processing differences during approach‐avoidance decision‐making.Hum Brain Mapp 36:449–462, 2015. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of rituximab and positron emission tomography in the treatment of primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma: experience on 74 patients
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Broccoli Alessandro , Casadei Beatrice , Stefoni Vittorio , Pellegrini Cinzia , Gandolfi Letizia , Maglie Roberto , Argnani Lisa , Pileri Stefano , Fanti Stefano
Published: September 2014

Regarding primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma (PMLBCL), there are several controversial topics that warrant further investigation: the superiority of third‐generation regimens, the impact of rituximab, the use of involved field radiotherapy (RT) and the assessment of clinical response by positron emission tomography (PET). We report our experience on 74 PMLBCL patients treated with a combination of a third‐generation chemotherapy regimen (MACOP‐B) and rituximab: an observational retrospective single‐centre study was conducted on patients diagnosed and treated between February 2002 and July 2011. All patients were evaluated by computed tomography scan and PET scan; after the final PET evaluation, PET‐negative patients were observed, whereas PET‐positive patients underwent mediastinal RT. Sixty‐one (82.4%) patients achieved a complete response after the MACOP‐B plus rituximab regimen; 68.9% presented a positive final PET and were treated with local RT, whereas 31.1% had a negative PET. Five patients relapsed within 12 months. At 10 years, overall survival was 82%, progression‐free survival was 87.6% and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 90.5% (median follow‐up 4 years). No statistically significant differences were observed in DFS between the patients treated also with RT (PET positive) and patients only observed (PET negative): 90.7% vs 90% (p = 0.85), respectively. In our experience, adding rituximab does not change the final results in terms of complete response and DFS utilizing third‐generation regimen. Furthermore, the introduction of the PET‐guided RT approach leads to a patient‐tailored treatment, which preserves the outcome and, at the same time, allows reducing the use of RT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PDGFR‐β‐activated ACK1‐AKT Signaling Promotes Glioma Tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhang Jiannan , Chen Tao , Mao Qin , Lin Jinbo , Jia Jun , Li Shanquan , Xiong Wenhao , Lin Yingying , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhao Hailiang , Wang Guisong , Zheng Duo , Qiu Shuqi , Ge Jianwei
Published: September 2014

Aberrant PDGF‐PDGFR signaling and its effects on downstream effectors have been implicated in glioma development. A crucial AKT regulator, ACK1 (TNK2) has been shown to be a downstream mediator of PDGF signaling; however, the exact underlying mechanisms in gliomas remain elusive. Here, we report that in glioma cells, PDGFR‐β activation enhanced the interaction between ACK1 and AKT, resulting in AKT activation. PDGF treatment consistently promoted the formation of complexes containing PDGFR‐β and ACK1. Mutational analysis suggested that Y635 of ACK1 is a PDGFR‐β phosphorylation site and that the ACK1 Y635F mutant abrogated the sequential activation of AKT. Moreover, PDK1 interacted with ACK1 during PDGF stimulation, which is required for the binding of ACK1 to PDGFR‐β. Further mutational analysis showed that T325 of ACK1 was crucial for the ACK1 and PDK1 interaction. ACK1 Y635F or T325A mutants abolished PDGFR‐β‐induced AKT activation, the subsequent nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and the expression of cyclin D1. Glioma cell cycle progression, proliferation and tumorigenesis were accordingly blocked by ACK1 Y635F or T325A. In glioblastoma multiforme samples from 51 patients, increased ACK1 tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with upregulated PDGFR‐β activity and AKT activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ACK1 plays a pivotal role in PDGF‐PDGFR‐induced AKT signaling in glioma tumorigenesis. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of glioma progression and may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for future glioma treatment.
Nano‐textured fluidic biochip as biological filter for selective survival of neuronal cells
Authors: Han Hsieh‐Cheng , Lo Hung‐Chun , Wu Chia‐Yu , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Chen Li‐Chyong , Ou Keng‐Liang , Hosseinkhani Hossein
Published: September 2014

This is an innovative study to engineer biological filter to evaluate the effect of template surface structure and physiochemical properties that can be used for wide variety of applications in biological, health care as well as environmental protection. Specifically, planar silicon (Si) wafer and arrayed Si nano‐tips (SiNT) templates were fabricated and coated with gold for various lengths of time to study the effect of surface charge, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity on biological activity of rat pheochromocytoma cell lines PC12. The initial growth and proliferation of PC12 cells on Si and SiNT templates showed an antipathy for the ultra‐sharp SiNTs templates. In contrast, the same cells demonstrated a preferable adherence to and proliferation on planar Si templates, resulting in higher cell densities by three orders of magnitude than those on SiNT templates. It is hypothesized that SiNTs array does generate nano‐fluidic effect such that the effective contact region for aqueous solution on SiNTs is lower than that on planar Si templates, thus decreasing adsorbable area for cell viability and survival. Moreover, the effect of the gold coating on cell number density was analyzed in terms of the surface roughness, zeta potential and wetting properties of the templates. It was determined that surface charge, as measured by the zeta potential, strongly correlated with the trend observed in the surface cell density, whereas no such correlation was observed for surface roughness or wetting properties in the ranges of our experiment conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2015–2023, 2015.
Tailoring of the dopamine coated surface with VEGF loaded heparin/poly‐l‐lysine particles for anticoagulation and accelerate in situ endothelialization
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Jiang , Wang Jian , Wang Yuan , Zeng Zheng , Liu Tao , Chen Junying , Huang Nan
Published: September 2014

Coronary artery disease is a great threat to human health and is the leading killer worldwide. Percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective therapy; however, thrombus, and restenosis caused by endothelium injury continue to be problematic after treatment. It is widely accepted that surface biofunctional modification to improve blood compatibility and accelerate endothelialization may be an effective approach to prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. In this study, novel VEGF‐loaded heparin/poly‐l‐lysine (Hep/PLL) particles were developed and immobilized on a dopamine coated titanium surface. The size, distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of the prepared particles were subsequently characterized. The influence of changes in the surface physicochemical properties after particle immobilization was assessed for blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. Surface‐modified VEGF‐loaded particles significantly inhibited platelet adhesion and activation and were effective in promoting the proliferation and survival of endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, Hep/PLL particles were also beneficial for controlling the long‐term release of VEGF, which may facilitate endothelium regeneration. In conclusion, VEGF‐loaded Hep/PLL particles were successfully immobilized on the Ti surface, and the biocompatibility was significantly improved. This study demonstrates a potential application for the multifunctional modification of stent surfaces for clinical use. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2024–2034, 2015.
The effect of extracellular matrix proteins on the cellular response of HUVECS and HOBS after covalent immobilization onto titanium
Authors: Heller Martin , Kämmerer Peer W. , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Luszpinski Marie‐Anne , Förch Renate , Brieger Jürgen
Published: September 2014

Biomimetic surface modifications are regarded as promising approach to stimulate cellular behavior at the interface of implant materials. Aim of the study was an evaluation of the cellular response of human umbilical cord cells (HUVECS) and human osteoblasts (HOBS) on titanium covalently coated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibrinogen, collagen, laminin, and osteopontin. For the surface modification, titanium discs were first amino‐functionalized by plasma polymerization of allylamine. The ECM protein conjugation was performed using the linker molecule α, ω‐bis‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide polyethylene glycol (Di‐NHS linker). For surface characterization, infrared spectroscopy and fluorescein isothiocyanate staining (FITC) were used to evaluate the presence and distribution of primary amines in the plasma polymer film. Real‐time analyses of the respective protein conjugation processes were performed via surface plasmon resonance kinetic measurements. All ECM proteins were immobilized successfully. Furthermore, the biological functionality of the conjugated factors fibronectin and collagen could be proven as they led to a distinct stimulation of cell adhesion of HUVECS and HOBS when compared to the control group. The highest cell coverage of HUVECS was observed on fibronectin‐modified surfaces with approximately 35% and on collagen with 33% after 24 h (PT: 9.4%). For laminin, no additional effect was observed, and for osteopontin, only a slight enhancement of cell adhesion was found. A similar, cell‐stimulating tendency of fibronectin and collagen was seen as well after 3 and 7 days. Biomimetic surface modification via plasma polymerization is a powerful method for biomolecule conjugation with a high retention of biological functionality and offer promising clinical perspectives. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2035–2044, 2015.