bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects of Handheld Vibration Massage on Posterior Shoulder Soft Tissues
Authors: Imai Takaki , Nagamatsu Takashi , Yoshizato Yushin , Miyara Kodai , Sumizono Megumi , Nakamura Masatoshi
Published: August 2024

Background

Interventions using vibration stimulation have been recognized for their potential for increasing range of motion (ROM) without compromising muscle strength. Handheld vibration massagers can efficiently deliver vibration therapy to the shoulder joint and may be a potential treatment.

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of vibration massage using a handheld device on the soft tissues of the posterior shoulder joint, particularly on internal rotation (IR) passive ROM and external rotation (ER) muscle strength.

Study Design

Crossover study design.

Methods

A crossover study with a 5-min vibration massage and passive control condition was conducted in healthy male volunteers (mean age 20.5 ± 1.7 years). Vibration massage was applied to the posterior shoulder soft tissues of the dominant arm, with no intervention under control conditions. IR-ROM (vertebral level and in abduction) and strength of the external rotators (isometric and isokinetic) were measured before and immediately after the intervention. Vertebral levels were calculated as a ratio of lengths (ratio decreases with increased mobility). IR-ROM in abduction, the angle was measured. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test (Bonferroni correction).

Results

Vibration application decreased (improved) vertebral level IR ROM by −4.1% (p < 0.01, d = 0.445) and increased abduction position IR ROM by 11.4° (p < 0.01, d = 0.694). These changes exceeded the 95% confidence interval for the minimum detectable change. By contrast, the control condition produced no changes. IR-ROM (vertebral level and abduction) immediately after the intervention showed significant differences between the control and vibration conditions (p = 0.036, d = 0.273; p = 0.048, d = 0.483, respectively). Muscle strength did not show any interaction, time, or between-condition effects.

Conclusions

A massage using a handheld vibration massager applied to the posterior shoulder soft tissues increased IR-ROM without negatively affecting muscle strength, suggesting its potential use as a means of warming up.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
A Pre and Postnatal Physical Therapy Protocol for Recreational Athletes: A Case Series
Authors: Selman Rachel , Early Kate S.
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

Recent changes to medical recommendations for exercise in pregnancy and postpartum have expanded to include recreational athletes. While women are transitioning into motherhood at the height of their athletic careers, there is limited guidance on musculoskeletal training from pregnancy through safe return to activity. The lack of education and support in this population may lead to increased prevalence of symptoms and delay of treatment, ultimately hindering athletic performance. The purpose of this case series is to assess pelvic floor symptoms through implementing a new pre- and postnatal exercise training paradigm in a group of women aiming to return to recreational athletics.

Study Design

Case series

Methods

Six recreationally athletic women between 25-35 years of age were referred to physical therapy during pregnancy to participate in this protocol. The women completed a standardized pregnancy and postpartum rehabilitation plan focused on core and pelvic floor control in addition to specific strength and mobility training.

Results

Pain, urinary dysfunction, and pelvic floor muscle strength were assessed at six weeks postpartum and at discharge. Meaningful improvement was noted in pain, urinary dysfunction, and muscle strength by the time of discharge.

Conclusion

The decrease in symptoms and improvements in measures of musculoskeletal health suggests that a physical therapist guided rehabilitation protocol may be useful as part of the standard of care to reduce prevalence of pain and dysfunction, particularly in the recreational athlete population. Improving understanding of exercise training in this population may minimize musculoskeletal symptoms and encourage additional research to improve the standard of care for this group of patients.

Level of Evidence

Level 4
Iron deficiency and anemia among adolescent girls in Banten, Indonesia: a cross
-sectional study
Authors: Aji G.K. , Laily N. , WIdarsih W. , Muhamaludin  , Illaningtyas F. , Sukarti I. , Widodo W.E. , Susanti I. , Komariyah K. , Widjayanti R.D.E.
Published: July 2024

Anemia is diagnosed when the hemoglobin level is below the World Health
Organization’s (WHO) normal value based on age and gender. Adequate hemoglobin can
be synthesized if the iron supply is sufficient. Studying iron status (hemoglobin and
ferritin), thus, in adolescent girls, the next age group that will possibly experience
pregnancy, is necessary to be performed. A cross-sectional study was performed in
Banten, Indonesia. A total of one hundred fifty-eight girls were recruited and joined the
study. Blood was drawn, and iron status (ferritin and hemoglobin) was analyzed. In
addition, respondents’ characteristic was obtained through direct interviews. Weight and
height were determined to calculate the Z-scores of BMI-for-age using WHO AnthroPlus
software. A total of one hundred fifty-two respondents were analyzed, excluding 6
respondents due to an infection condition, resulting in an average age of 16.04±1.00 years
old and an average z-score BMI-for-age of -0.32. The study revealed that anemia
prevalence was 44.7%, 55.4% of whom had iron deficiency. Another result showed that
the prevalence of iron deficiency was 36.8% among all respondents. In addition, chisquare analysis showed a relationship between anemia and iron deficiency status with an
OR ratio of 4.083 (2.029-8.217, p = 0.000). Correlation analysis unveiled that a medium
coefficient between hemoglobin and ferritin levels was observed (r = 0.497, p = 0.000).
Iron deficiency in adolescent girls enhances the risk of progressing anemia. Thus,
increasing iron consumption through food and supplementation might tackle iron
deficiency and anemia.
Bioactivities of black soldier fly larvae protein hydrolysate
Authors: Ferdinand  , Saputra F.C. , Lestari D. , Pakpahan A. , Suhartono M.T.
Published: July 2024

One of the potential insects for feed and food sources is the Black Soldier Fly (BSF)
(Hermetia illucens). The BSF originated in South America and has now spread to many
tropical countries. The BSF larvae (BSFL) had attracted much attention due to their good
nutrient content and were recently reported as having useful bioactivities. BSFL has been
widely used as feed and has been found to reduce bad smells associated with the growth of
pathogenic microbes. The high protein content in BSFL is advantageous in the production
of bioactive peptides. This research aimed to extract and hydrolyze the protein from BSFL
with protease enzyme to produce protein hydrolysate or peptides with antioxidant and
antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and FRAP,
while the antibacterial was analyzed using the agar well diffusion method. BSFL was
hydrolyzed with bromelain extracted from pineapple or commercial enzyme (Enzyplex).
The IC50 shown by protein hydrolysate was 9.43±0.84% (v/v) or 0.72 mg/mL. The FRAP
value was 521.21±264.53 µM for BSFL protein without enzyme addition, 792.14±291.02
for BSFL with the addition of bromelain, and 5,352.114±861.99 µM for BSFL with the
addition of Enzyplex. The addition of bromelain increased the FRAP value 1.2 times,
while the addition of Enzyplex increased the FRAP value 10.2 times. The antibacterial
activity indicated that protein hydrolysate with phosphate buffer pH 8 at 50℃ and 24 hrs
incubation showed the highest antibacterial activity to the lowest are Vibrio cholerae,
Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The results suggest that BSFL
has antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivities using bromelain extracted from pineapple
and Enzyplex, a commercial enzyme that contains protease, lipase and amylase. Using
Enzyplex as an enzyme to hydrolyze BFSL shows a very high antioxidant capacity
compared to bromelain as an enzyme. This suggests that more protein and other
macromolecules contribute to the antioxidant capacity. Using bromelain as an enzyme to
hydrolyze BSFL, shows that BSFL peptide has higher antibacterial activity in gramnegative bacteria.
Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum on the quality of gluten-free
cookies from rice varieties with different amylose contents
Authors: Nguyen D.T.A. , Nguyen T.T.H. , Huynh T.P.L. , Duong T.P.L. , Nhan M.T.
Published: July 2024

Amylose and hydrocolloids may influence the rheology of dough and quality parameters
of gluten-free cookies. The present study addresses an aspect of the effect of rice varieties
(IR50404, Song Hau and Jasmine) and hydrocolloids (hydrocolloids (carboxymethyl
cellulose, CMC, and xanthan gum, XG) with concentrations from 1.0 to 3.0% on rice
cookie quality parameters (moisture content, water activity, density, expansion ratio,
hardness and sensory value). The results noted that amylose content of rice varieties
mainly influenced the hardness, expansion and thickness of cookies. The CMC was
strongly and positively correlated with hardness while XG had a sharply positive relation
with hardness, expansion ratio and water activity of cookies. Their interaction contributed
mainly to the density of the rice cookie. The most appropriate hydrocolloid contents were
2% of CMC and 1% of XG for making good quality cookies from the Song Hau rice
variety with medium amylose content.
Chia seed oil microencapsulated by spray-drying: optimization and
microcapsules characteristics
Authors: Cuevas-Glory L. , Rosel-Sosa D.G. , Ramirez-Ortiz M.E. , Gallegos-Tintore S. , Chim-Chi Y.A. , Chel-Guerrero L. , Betancur-Ancona D.
Published: July 2024

A current trend in food research is the development of beneficial health products that
could help to decrease certain risks of diseases. The chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) oil is a
proven source of essential fatty acids (omega-3), which can help to prevent cardiovascular
diseases. In this study, chia seed oil was characterized and fatty acids were identified
before and after the spray-drying process. A 32
factorial design with response surface
methodology was utilized for chia seed oil spray drying experiments. Statistic design
factors and levels were as follows: gum arabic: maltodextrin mixture (GA:MD) (1:1, 1:2
and 1:3 w/w) and drying temperatures (DT) (140, 160, and 180°C). A total of 67.9% of
unsaturated fatty acids were found in raw chia seed oil and 65.7% in microencapsulated
oil. The optimal parameters for the spray drying process were as follows: GA:MD 51:1
and DT, 180°C; powder yield rate, 49.5% (w/w), mean size of particles 129 µm, and
sphericity coefficient of 0.11. Microcapsules tended to demean over time, changing their
color, and producing agglomerate, which decreased their flowing capacity. On the other
hand, the product was easier to handle, the oil was protected from heat and moisture
conditions, and the microencapsulation process provided stability to the oil's active
substances, such as omega-type fatty acids.
Apresentação
Authors: Silva Joscimar , Alves Mércia
Published: July 2024

Apresentação
Novas questões e tendências nos estudos de comunicação política e opinião pública
Authors: Silva Joscimar , Alves Mércia , Machado Veras Júnior Ivan
Published: July 2024

Novas Questões e Tendências nos Estudos de Comunicação Política e Opinião Pública: entrevistas com Fernando Azevedo, Vera Chaia e Mara Telles.
O espaço dos discursos antidemocráticos na mídia
Authors: Lima Moreira Breno
Published: July 2024

Este artigo aborda a relação complexa entre populistas e imprensa. Embora os populistas frequentemente adotem discurso contrário à mídia tradicional, a cobertura realizada pelos meios de comunicação termina por contribuir, em algum nível, com o populismo. Argumentamos que isso ocorre de duas formas: quando parcela (geralmente pequena) da mídia apoia esses líderes e por meio do agendamento dos temas levantados pelos populistas na imprensa, que são pautados por uma rotina de produção de notícias que termina amplificando o alcance do discurso populista. Defendemos que a mídia deve rever esse posicionamento e deve adotar postura menos aberta aos discursos autoritários.
Outsiders ou candidatos sistêmicos?
Authors: Montuori Fernandes Carla , Ademir de Oliveira Luiz , De Resende Chaves Fernando , Raposo Gomes Arthur
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa as estratégias midiáticas dos candidatos ao governo de Minas Gerais em 2022 que polarizam a disputa – o governador Romeu Zema (Novo) versus o ex-prefeito de Belo Horizonte Alexandre Kalil (PSD). Verifica-se, a partir da análise dos programas do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE), de que forma os atores políticos, que ingressaram na política como outsiders em campanhas anteriores, deixam de lado o discurso antipolítica e buscam uma narrativa de conciliação. Kalil foi eleito prefeito em 2016, com um discurso excêntrico e antissistema, sendo candidato pelo PHS (partido nanico), com poucos segundos no Horário Eleitoral. Em 2022, abandona a narrativa antipolítica e enfatiza, em seus programas na TV, a forte aliança com o então candidato a presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), tendo sido candidato por uma frente de centro-esquerda. Já Zema (Novo), que também se tornou governador em 2018 com a proposta de romper com o sistema político tradicional, em 2022 forma uma ampla coligação de centro-direita e direita e busca, dessa vez, colocar-se como um gestor bem-sucedido, sem negar as suas alianças com as forças políticas tradicionais.
Técnicas psicométricas nas pesquisas de opinião
Authors: Cardoso Lara Camargos João , Dellasta do Nascimento João Paulo , Peluso Torquette Magno
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo pretende promover uma discussão sobre a forma de medir o conceito de ideologia a partir de resultados empíricos. O documento explora o uso da psicometria em institutos de pesquisa, focado em dados coletados em Belo Horizonte e Contagem. Argumentamos a favor da criação de dimensões latentes, utilizando um modelo de Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) multidimensional. Os resultados indicam que o modelo de duas dimensões teve um desempenho superior para explicar os efeitos da base em todas as coletas. A pesquisa revela que os grupos de indivíduos que exibem valores de emancipação social ligados ao progressismo, mas também tendem ao punitivismo, apresentam comportamentos distintos em cada coleta. O estudo também destaca que os valores associados à direita política são mais extremos em relação à média do que os valores associados à esquerda. Os resultados apontam que o ganho de mensuração da ideologia por uma proposta operacional permite que captemos melhor a variação de manifestações ao longo do tempo e em diferentes grupos sociais, como segmentos religiosos, o que permite que sejamos mais assertivos em estratégia de comunicação de marketing político e outros propósitos.
Profissionalização entre combatividade e comedimento
Authors: Sampaio Furlani André , Batista Mitozo Isabele
Published: July 2024

O uso político das plataformas online, sobretudo das redes sociais, tem se constituído como regra no Brasil ao longo das últimas décadas, de modo que essa prática tem sido regulada a cada resolução sobre as eleições. Além do período de campanha, Jair Bolsonaro, em exercício de seu mandato como presidente da República, usou o Twitter como canal oficial de comunicação. No contexto da importância dessa rede social para o referido ator político, candidato à reeleição em 2022, o artigo realiza uma análise de conteúdo da campanha realizada por meio dela, com o objetivo de identificar características dos 652 tweets postados pelo incumbente durante o período oficial de campanha, entre os dias 16/08/2022 e 30/10/2022. Os resultados apontam que, embora a campanha tenha adotado um tom combativo e criado uma imagem negativa do principal oponente, ela se utiliza dessas estratégias de forma profissional, dando mais sobriedade ao estilo de Bolsonaro e concentrando-se em apresentar dados sobre políticas públicas implementadas pelo governo.
“Todos ao meu redor estão falando sobre esta notícia”
Authors: Fonseca Luana
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa as fontes e notícias que circularam nos grupos públicos de WhatsApp em apoio ao presidenciável Jair Bolsonaro do Partido Liberal (PL) nas eleições de 2022. A justificativa para a escolha do aplicativo em questão consiste no seu protagonismo como canal de comunicação potente para estratégias de propaganda política. Ao todo foram observados 90 grupos de 27/10/22 a 02/11/22, contemplando três dias antes e três dias depois das eleições do segundo turno realizada no dia 30/10/22, chegando ao número de 3.755 links de notícias. Considerando a quantidade significativa de conteúdo, a metodologia aplicada é a análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa para obter dados estatísticos e analíticos por um livro de códigos. Como resultado, pode-se dizer que as principais fontes de informação foram sites noticiosos que não são incluídos pela grande imprensa, uma preferência por compartilhar notícias sobre as eleições de modo geral e pesquisa eleitoral de diferentes institutos de pesquisa, e o alto compartilhamento de notícias repetidas como modo de reforçar as informações consideradas importantes.
Plataformas de mídia social como interface socioestatal
Authors: Montesso Júnior José Agnaldo , Oliveira Campos Carla Leila
Published: July 2024

As interfaces socioestatais são novos espaços de contato entre Estado e sociedade, sendo alguns deles criados pelo aprimoramento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender como as 16 prefeituras da microrregião de Varginha-MG utilizam as plataformas de mídia social Facebook e Instagram para transparência ativa. A abordagem busca discutir também como essas plataformas podem proporcionar um maior contato entre a administração pública e os cidadãos. Foram analisadas 6.203 postagens nas 16 fanpages no Facebook e nos 12 perfis do Instagram de 01/10 a 31/12/2021. Constatou-se que esses canais foram utilizados para divulgação de ações das administrações, como via de mão única, voltadas para a informação e propaganda governamental. Isso aconteceu pela baixa presença de interação e de postagens com convite para engajamento público, enquanto a divulgação de serviços públicos-sociais e a de ações governamentais tiveram mais postagens. As plataformas podem trazer contribuições no aspecto de garantir o acesso à informação, mas ainda são pouco usadas para fomentar o diálogo e estimular a participação nas decisões públicas.
A direita nas eleições presidenciais de 2022
Authors: Orso Maíra , Sandi de Almeida Alcantara Naiara , Frank de Moura Júlia
Published: July 2024

Este paper pretende discutir a distribuição de informação regida por perfis de direita no ambiente digital. Diante do crescente aumento de políticos e cidadãos ativistas de direita que produzem e compartilham informações por meio das mídias sociais, o estudo tem como ponto de partida o fato de que esses atores têm se organizado majoritariamente por plataformas online, sendo estas um canal importante da sua forma de organização. Ademais, as mídias sociais têm sido usadas como um espaço desintermediado para falar aos cidadãos. Assim, para a análise, tem-se como objeto os URLs e RTs compartilhados por 10 contas de representantes da direita no Twitter, enquadrados como: i) ativistas, ii) políticos e iii) páginas impessoais de ativismo de direita, durante o período eleitoral de 2022. Ao todo, foram codificados manualmente, a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, 1.429 tweets do total de 3.590 publicados pelos perfis no período. Após essa categorização, realizou-se uma investigação com o objetivo de analisar a conexão entre os autores originais das páginas e a presença de retweets e tweets que incluíam links. Para tanto, foram utilizados um teste qui-quadrado, apropriado para variáveis categóricas, e o teste V de Cramer, visando a compreender a relação entre as variáveis em análise. Os dados indicam que há diferença na intensidade do uso de links e novas vozes tomam forma na propagação dos conteúdos da direita online, compartilhando principalmente informações advindas do próprio Twitter por páginas de políticos de direita.
CONNELL, Raewyn. Gênero em termos reais. 1. ed. São Paulo: Nversos, 2016.
Authors: Magalhães de Figueiredo Marcos Paulo , Lins de Almeida Filho Carlito
Published: July 2024

CONNELL, Raewyn. Gênero em termos reais. 1. ed. São Paulo: Nversos, 2016.
Exploring the Potential of the Blue Economy: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enhancing International Business in Bangladesh in the context of Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Khan T. , Emon Md. M.H.
Published: July 2024

This systematic review aims to provide a methodical analysis of the Blue Economy in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly from the perspective of Bangladesh, focusing on its growth trajectory, key stakeholders, policy frameworks, technological advancements, trade and investment trends, as well as challenges and opportunities for international business expansion.

   The methods employed a comprehensive search of electronic databases, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant studies for analysis. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020, the Blue Economy sectors of the country, such as fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transportation, and tourism, saw notable development. International development agencies, corporations, academic institutions, governments, and civil society organizations are some of the major players in Blue Economy projects. The policy frameworks that facilitate the development of the Blue Economy include integrated ocean management, blue growth initiatives, maritime security and governance, and resilience and adaptation to climate change. Innovation and expansion in the Blue Economy sectors have been fueled by technological breakthroughs, such as autonomous underwater vehicles, renewable energy projects, remote sensing technologies, and marine biotechnology. Rising demand for sustainable goods and services, technical advancement, and regional collaboration have all contributed to an increase in trade and investment in Blue Economy industries internationally. The study concludes that there is significant potential for the Blue Economy in the Indo-Pacific region to drive economic growth, promote social progress, and ensure environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as regulatory complexity, access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, and environmental degradation need to be addressed to fully realize this potential. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts from governments, businesses, academia, civil society organizations, and international development agencies, along with a focus on sustainable and inclusive development practices.
Perception and Awareness of Consumers towards Green Products: Evidence from India
Authors: Darga K. F. , Gali V. B.
Published: July 2024

Consumers’ growing concern for a healthy life has increased the production and use of eco-friendly products. Green marketing refers to the practice of conducting business based on its environmental benefits. Despite the health benefits of green marketing, many consumers remain unaware of it and its associated products.

   The study aims to provide consumers’ views and perceptions of green marketing in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

   The research is based on the primary data collected from consumers using a structured questionnaire to understand their perceptions of eco-friendly or green products. The study identifies the importance of green marketing and the critical role of green products in people’s daily lives. The key factors influencing the buying decision of green products among customers have been identified, along with the reasons for the non-use of green products by other customers. The results show that consumers in Kadapa City, although aware of green marketing, have a low preference for buying green products. The study concludes that the highly influential factor that encourages customers to buy more green products is environmental motive, but the expensiveness of green products is the major reason for the low-level buying of green products by customers.
External Financial Flows and Domestic Credit Volatility Effect on Industrialization in Selected African Countries
Authors: Bako W.
Published: July 2024

Countries all over the world focus on industrialization as a foundation for rapid economic development and unemployment reduction. Without stable external and domestic finance, we cannot achieve this goal. Financial volatility has an impact on a country’s industrialization process.

   The aim of this study is to determine how external and domestic credit volatility affect industrialization in Africa. Data for some selected countries for 1992–2020 was used.

   The author used the Prais-Winsten regression method with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to estimate and analyze the model. Descriptive and quantitative methods of analysis were also used to analyze the long-balanced panel data set for the 17 selected African countries with available data. The results showed a combination of positive and negative effects of financial volatility on industrialization in Africa. The study concludes that domestic credit volatility has adversely affected industrialization in Africa and recommends the development of financial institutions on the continent through recapitalization, skilled manpower development and innovative development of different financial instruments.
Validation of the method for determining priority phthalates by GC-MS at trace concentrations in surface water with a background pollution level
Authors: Grigoryeva T. A. , Gorshkov A. G.
Published: July 2024

A methodology for determining priority phthalates (PP) at trace concentrations in surface waters with a background pollution level has been validated. Lake Baikal, the largest natural reservoir that retains up to 20% of the world’s fresh surface waters, was chosen as a natural model for the study. Baikal is characterized by a minimal content of suspended organic matter, a low degree of mineralization and a background level of organic pollutants. Four priority phthalates were found in Baikal water: dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate di-n-butyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate present in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.66 μg/liter. The method for phthalate determination includes a single liquid-liquid extraction of phthalates (Vsample = 1 liter) and direct analysis of the extracts by GC-MS. Considering the minimum content of suspended particles in water and the use of high sensitivity of the mass spectrometry, the stages of sample filtration and concentration of extracts are excluded from the procedure. Deuterated phthalates are used as surrogate internal standards for the quantitative determination of priority phthalates. The laboratory background of phthalates was assessed using reagent-blank methods, exhaustive multiple extraction and subsequent exclusion of the resulting value from the determination result as a systematic error. The limits of phthalate determination (0.01 – 0.17 μg/liter) and the error of determination (±δ from 12 to 38%) were assessed in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.66 μg/liter. The method was validated during monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in water of Lake Baikal for the period 2015 – 2023.
Application of piezoelectric sensors to aspartame determination in fluids
Authors: Vybornyi A. Yu. , Shuvalova O. A. , Zyablov A. N. , Cao Nhat Linh
Published: July 2024

The study touches the development of piezoelectric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with an aspartame imprint. The values of the imprinting factors and the selectivity coefficients of the developed sensor MIP-E951 in relation to target molecules and other sweeteners were calculated to confirm the ability of MIP -951 to selective detection of aspartame. The range of determined concentrations is 1 – 1 × 10–3 g/liter, the detection limit of aspartame is 5 × 10–4 g/liter. When analyzing model solutions, it was found that foreign components usually present in soft drinks do not interfere with the determination of aspartame using the developed sensor. The obtained sensors were tested for the determination of aspartame in soft drinks. Chromatographic analysis was used as a reference method. The results obtained by both methods indicate that piezo sensors can be successfully used for the analysis of aspartame in liquid media. The error of determination does not exceed 8%.
Determination of the criterion for the morphological classification of etching pits formed in InSb single crystals grown by the Czochralski method in the crystallographic direction [111] and doped with tellurium
Authors: Komarovsky N. Yu. , Zhuravlev E. O. , Molodtsova E. V. , Kudrya A. V. , Kozlov R. Yu. , Belov A. G. , Kormilitsina S. S.
Published: July 2024

The method of selective etching is used to assess the structural imperfection (dislocation density) of single crystals in production conditions due to high informativity and rather low labor consumption. However, the interpretation of the data obtained may differ depending on the choice of the type of regulatory documentation. We present the results of determining the criterion of morphological classification of etch pits using digital image processing. InSb (111) single crystals grown by the Czochralski method and doped with tellurium were analyzed. It was found by the method of sequential selective etching that the island-shaped pits on the surface of InSb (111), are highly likely to be dislocation in nature, regardless of their size. In turn, the clusters of pits of «regular» shape, disappearing in the course of repeated etching, probably arise in the places where point defects come to the surface and are not associated with the formation of Lomer-Cottrell barriers or other dislocation clusters. A criterion for differentiation of etching pits by determining the value of the average pixel intensity is proposed on the basis of brightness field analysis. The results obtained can be used in manufacturing structures for matrix and linear photodetectors, as well as in optimizing process parameters of the single crystal growth by the Czochralski method.
Study of the microstructure of asphalt concrete using X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Lomov S. V. , Morkovkin A. I.
Published: July 2024

A mechanical digital twin (a mechanical finite-element model) of an asphalt concrete sample has been developed in the framework of a project for recycling polymer composite materials with fibrous reinforcement (fiberglass) as an alternative for crushed stone in the asphalt concrete production. A methodology of using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for analysis of the asphalt concrete microstructure and calculation of the mechanical properties is developed. The data processing chain for developing a digital twin of the asphalt concrete microstructure, based on X-ray micro-computed tomography (XCT) image includes the following steps: 1) image enhancement; 2) image segmentation; 3) analysis of the morphology of pores and solid particles; 4) transformation of the segmented image into a voxels-based finite element (FE) model. It is demonstrated that the XCT resolution of 40 μm is sufficient for a reliable identification of microstructural parameters, i.e., volume fractions of the components, distributions of voids (pores) in size, shape and spatial position, as well as distributions of the crushed brittle additives (fiberglass chips) in size. The FE model constitutes a digital twin of the material, and, after specifying the characteristics of the material components, can be used for simulation of the thermomechanical and functional properties of the material. The developed procedure is exemplified in the calculation of statistics of the compression and shear moduli of the asphalt concrete with addition of crushed fiberglass particles. The dependence of the calculated elastic properties on the size of the digital twin is studied. It is shown that a model size of 10 mm and more is sufficient for the microstructural representativity and calculation of the homogenization characteristics. The results can be used for analysis of the microstructure and structure-dependent thermomechanical properties of asphalt concrete. The developed finite element model can be used for modelling of the visco-elastic response of asphalt concrete and its behavior under cyclic loading.
The paradigm shift in mathematical methods of research
Authors: Orlov A. I.
Published: July 2024

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Fatigue fracture of 316L steel manufactured by selective laser melting method
Authors: Botvina L. S. , Belecky E. N. , Demina Yu. A. , Ivanov I. A.
Published: July 2024

The kinetics of short cracks in 316L steel samples made by selective laser melting was studied. The structural sensitivity of such cracks, which form on technological defects at the early stage of fatigue is noted. The cracks develop predominantly along the fusion boundaries and slow down their growth at the boundaries of the melt pools. An increase in the crack opening of arrested cracks lead to the formation of a plastic zone at their tips, localization of deformation, a decrease in opening and continued growth with an increase in the number of cycles. The alternation of the processes of propagation and deceleration of short cracks during loading is reflected in the kinetic diagram of fatigue failure which has rate growth thresholds with spacing between them being close to the scanning step during steel manufacturing. The diagram is described by the Paris equation with the same exponent at the growth stage of both short and long cracks. The plotted fatigue curve was compared with fatigue curves for the same material produced by traditional and additive methods. It was shown that the plotted fatigue curve, as well as the fatigue curves for similar materials taken from literary sources, lie much lower than the fatigue curve for the same steel obtained by the traditional method. However, the use of optimal manufacturing modes, as well as subsequent heat treatment, leads to the fatigue characteristics of «additive» steel being similar to those of steels produced by the traditional method. The macro- and microrelief of the fracture surfaces of the samples was studied, the stages of stable and accelerated crack growth were identified, the crack lengths at fracture surfaces corresponding to these stages were evaluated and the predominate fracture mechanisms at each stage were described. It is shown that the observed knee point in the fatigue curve is accompanied by an increase in the damage of the lateral surface of the samples with an increase in the stress amplitude and transition to a more ductile fracture relief, which is explained by the switch from the plane-strain state to a plane-stressed state of the sample material realizing at the tip of the macrocrack.
Low cycle fracture resistance of the superalloy at single- and two-frequency modes of loading
Authors: Gadenin M. M.
Published: July 2024

Fatigue and long static damages to the majority of high-loaded units develop under repeated stresses and strains of large amplitudes in elastic and elastoplastic regions at a low number of the main cycles and superimposition of dynamic stresses of significantly smaller value with higher frequencies which results in the so-called two-frequency modes of loading. It is shown that in the region of elevated and high temperatures, which determine the manifestation of temperature and time effects in the material, parameters of the rate and duration of deformation which enter the basic equation for determination of the fatigue life through the frequency and time of loading become the most significant parameters determining the fracture process. The results of theoretical and experimental study carried out on nickel superalloy specimens under a hard mode of loading and high temperatures have shown that estimation of the strength and fatigue life in this case for the single-frequency and two-frequency modes of loading can be performed on the basis of the analysis of strain parameters and diagrams of cyclic elastoplastic deformation using the deformation-kinetic criterion of summation of damages accumulated in the material. A decrease in the fatigue life under two-frequency mode of loading and the possibility of estimating it using the specified criterion and corresponding dependences with the introduction of the parameters of frequency/amplitude ratios of the strains (both full and that imposed on the main process) is experimentally proved. The calculated dependences include the parameters of temperature conditions, frequency and duration of loading which allows (when assessing damage from low-frequency and high-frequency components of cyclic strains) taking into account the effects of cyclicity and time of loading, as well as the existence of a variable coefficient of the asymmetry of high-frequency cycles of the two-frequency mode during high-temperature cyclic elastoplastic deformation.
Evaluation of the errors of measuring residual stresses by the hole drilling method
Authors: Monakhov A. D. , Grinevich D. V. , Yakovlev N. O.
Published: July 2024

A sample configuration with a specified distribution of residual stresses in depth was developed to elaborate modes for studying residual stresses using mechanical and physical methods. The sample formation technique is based on non-uniform plastic deformation of an aluminum beam of rectangular cross section according to the pure bending scheme. The control of the deformed state during loading was performed on the end surface of the sample by the field of normal deformations obtained using a digital image correlation system. The depth of the plastically deformed layer was 1.3 mm. The theoretical distribution of residual stresses obtained as a result of unloading of a plastically deformed sample was determined from the results of a numerical calculation of a finite element model, with allowance for the physical and mechanical characteristics, elastic-plastic hardening, as well as the deformation curve in true coordinates obtained as a result of uniaxial tension on elementary samples. A study of residual stresses inhomogeneous in depth was carried out by drilling holes in accordance with ASTM E837 on two opposite sides of the sample: the region of tension under loading and the area of compression, respectively. The control of the deformation response resulted from drilling was recorded using three-axis strain gauge rosettes. The results of the actual measurement of the longitudinal component of residual stresses were compared with their theoretical distribution obtained by a numerical method. The root-mean-square error in measuring residual stresses, relative to their theoretical distribution, for an aluminum alloy sample reaches 18.7 MPa. It should be noted that largest measurement errors were recorded at small depths, since they are characterized by small values of deformations comparable to the value of shot noise.
Determination of S, Ni, Cu in copper-nickel sulfide ores by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis: experience of participation in the interlaboratory comparisons
Authors: Zhilicheva A. N. , Pashkova G. V. , Karkhova A. V. , Ukhova N. N. , Chubarov V. M.
Published: July 2024

The quality of the determination of S, Ni, Cu in copper-nickel sulfide ores was assessed in the framework of the program for interlaboratory comparative tests (ICT) using total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) taking into account the criteria for methods for determining the chemical composition of mineral raw materials. Certified TXRF techniques for the analysis of mineral materials are absent, so the interlaboratory comparison test was used to control and improve the accuracy of measurements by TXRF. Powdered ore samples were prepared as suspensions by wet grinding: 100 mg of the powder, 4 ml of ultra-pure water and 250 μl of the Ga standard solution were milled using 20 g of ZrO2 balls 1 mm in diameter in the mixing mill for 10 minutes at a frequency of 20 Hz. The ratio of the intensities of the characteristic lines of the analyzed elements and the Ga internal standard was chosen as an analytical signal. To plot calibration curves, a set of ore reference samples was analyzed using certified procedures (atomic absorption spectrometry for Cu, Ni, gravimetry for S). The quality of the TXRF analysis was assessed by the value of Z-criterion. The measurement error did not exceed 5 rel. %. The relative percentage differences between the TXRF results and the results obtained in the interlaboratory study was less than 10%. The described method can be used for rapid analysis of copper-nickel sulfide ores.
Fisher information contained in incomplete observations
Authors: Abdushukurov A. A. , Nurmukhamedova N. S. , Erisbaev S. A.
Published: July 2024

The accuracy of statistical estimates of unknown distribution parameters depends not only on the bulk of sampling data but also on the method of data acquisition. The information content of experimental data is one of the basic requirements. Problems of mathematical statistics, in particular parametric estimation based on censored observations, have specific features. Typical representatives of models of incomplete observations on a straight line are models of random censoring, competing risks of (single, multiple) random censoring. The purpose of this study is to show that censoring does not always lead to loss of (Fisher) information. It is shown that if censoring is informative, i.e., the distribution of censoring random variables depends on the same parameter, it is possible to specify a model where information can be preserved due to censoring. On the contrary, if the censoring is not informative, then the loss of information is inevitable. The Cramer – Rao efficiency was taken as a criterion for the quality of the assessment, whereas the Fisher information was taken as the criterion for information about the unknown parameter.
The Use of Drilling Method in English Speaking Skills
Authors: Abrar Abrar , Widiati Bidarita
Published: July 2024

Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa internasional yang penting dalam komunikasi global, bisnis, dan pendidikan, dan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris sangat dihargai di banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia. Namun, mencapai kefasihan dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris masih menjadi tantangan bagi banyak siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas metode drilling dan implementasinya dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode drilling efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara otomatis, akurasi pengucapan, memperluas kosakata, dan membentuk kebiasaan belajar yang konsisten dengan latihan berulang, siswa dapat melatih otak mereka untuk merespons cepat tanpa terlalu memikirkan tata bahasa atau kosakata, serta meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dalam berbicara. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengintegrasian latihan drilling dalam kurikulum pembelajaran bahasa dapat memperkuat penguasaan tata bahasa, pengucapan, kosakata, dan pola kalimat, sementara program pelatihan guru dan dukungan kebijakan perlu mencakup komponen tentang teknik drilling yang efektif, dan integrasi teknologi dapat memperluas latihan drilling di luar kelas untuk mendukung siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan untuk Membangun Karakter Mahasiswa
Authors: Karomah Siti , Dwiyanti Shania , Saifudin Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan kewarganegaraan merupakan bagian utuh dari sistem pendidikan nasional.Oleh karena itu proses pendidikan kewarganegaraan perlu diwujukan dalam kurikulum dan pembelajaran pada semua jalur dan jenjang pendidikan. Fungsi dan peran dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan pendidikan nasional, pendidikan kewarganegaraan dirancang, dikembangkan, dilaksanakan, dan dievaluasi dalam konteks pengejawantahan tujuan pendidikan nasional. Ketiga hal tersebut merupakan landasan dan kerangka pikir untuk memahami serta menerapkan Pendidikan kewarganegaraan.Pendidikan kewarganegaraan merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat mendesak bagi bangsa dalam membangun kehidupan yang aman, nyaman, damai, sejahtera. Dalam membangun demokrasi berkeadaban dibutuhkan generasi bangsa yang cerdas, berkarakter kokoh. Ada beberapa alasan mengapa pendidikan kewarganegaraan sangat dibutuhkan, pertama, meningkatnya gejala dan kecenderungan tidak political literacy atau tidak “melek” politik dan tidak mengetahui cara kerja demokrasidan lembaga-lembaganya; kedua, meningkatnya politichal apatishm yang ditunjukkan dengan sedikitnya keterlibatan warga negara dalam proses-proses politik. Pembentukan warga negara yang cerdas secara intelektual, emosional, sosial, serta spiritual benar-benar merupakan tuntutan dan keniscayaan. Disinilah eksistensi pendidikan kewarganegaraan menjadi sarana yang sangat pentingbagi negara-negara demokrasi termasuk negara Indonesia agar dapat melahirkan generasi bangsa yang mengetahui nilai-nilai kebangsaan berdasarkan Pancasila dan memiliki keterampilan yang diperlukan dalam mentransformasikan, mengaktualisasikan, dan melestarikan segala hal yang dimiliki oleh NKRI.
Implementasi Kompetensi Manajerial dan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru
Authors: Hakim Samsul , Muhammad Muhammad , Saparudin Saparudin
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi kompetensi manajerial dan supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SMK Swasta Gerung Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data dari dua sekolah, SMK Islam Manbaul Ulum dan SMK NW Dasan Tapen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah memainkan peran strategis dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi program peningkatan kinerja guru, serta dalam menyusun perangkat pembelajaran dan mendukung pelatihan profesional bagi guru. Kepala sekolah juga berperan dalam mengesahkan silabus, menyusun jadwal, mengawasi proses belajar-mengajar, dan menyelesaikan masalah yang muncul. Selain itu, monitoring dan evaluasi kinerja guru dilakukan secara berkala untuk memastikan peningkatan kualitas pengajaran. Implementasi kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah yang efektif terbukti meningkatkan kinerja guru dan mendukung tercapainya tujuan pendidikan yang berkualitas.
Pembentukan Karakter Siswa melalui Peran Guru PAI dan Pembiasaan Sekolah di SMPN Doko 2 Blitar
Authors: Nahdiyah Umi , Zamroji Nanang , Wafa Khoirul
Published: July 2024

Pembiasaan merupakan kegiatan membentuk perilaku atau sikap yang secara otomatis dan bersifat relatif tetap melalui suatu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan secara berulang diluar jam pelajaran. Pembiasaan merupakan bagian dari Pendidikan berkarakter yang mencerminkan budi pekerti yang pelaksanaanya dengan berulang terhadap stimulus yang sama sebagai hasil respon. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program kegiatan pembiasaan di SMPN 2 Doko Kecamatan Doko Kabupaten Blitar dengan bimbingan untuk pembentukan karakter siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Nilai karakter yang ditunjukkan serta diterapkan yaitu peduli lingkungan, tanggung jawab, religious, toleransi, serta jujur. 2) Program pembiasaan di SMPN 2 Doko meliputi kegiatan spontan, kegiatan rutin, kegiatan keteladanan dan kegiatan terprogram. 3) Hambatan yang dialami dalam menerapkan Pendidikan karakter di SMPN 2 Doko yaitu factor peserta didik, factor lingkungan, factor guru serta keluarga.