bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexity of human death: its physiological, transcriptomic, and microbiological implications
Authors: Javan Gulnaz T. , Singh Kanhaiya , Finley Sheree J. , Green Robert L. , Sen Chandan K.
Published: January 2024

Human death is a complex, time-governed phenomenon that leads to the irreversible cessation of all bodily functions. Recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed remarkable experimental evidence of genetically programmed cellular death characterized by several physiological processes; however, the basic physiological function that occurs during the immediate postmortem period remains inadequately described. There is a paucity of knowledge connecting necrotic pathologies occurring in human organ tissues to complete functional loss of the human organism. Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems show a range of differential resilience and endurance responses that occur during organismal death. Intriguingly, a persistent ambiguity in the study of postmortem physiological systems is the determination of the trajectory of a complex multicellular human body, far from life-sustaining homeostasis, following the gradual or sudden expiry of its regulatory systems. Recent groundbreaking investigations have resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the cell biology and physiology of death. Two significant findings are that (i) most cells in the human body are microbial, and (ii) microbial cell abundance significantly increases after death. By addressing the physiological as well as the microbiological aspects of death, future investigations are poised to reveal innovative insights into the enigmatic biological activities associated with death and human decomposition. Understanding the elaborate crosstalk of abiotic and biotic factors in the context of death has implications for scientific discoveries important to informing translational knowledge regarding the transition from living to the non-living. There are important and practical needs for a transformative reestablishment of accepted models of biological death (i.e., artificial intelligence, AI) for more precise determinations of when the regulatory mechanisms for homeostasis of a living individual have ceased. In this review, we summarize mechanisms of physiological, genetic, and microbiological processes that define the biological changes and pathways associated with human organismal death and decomposition.
Exploring the short-term influence of a proprietary oil extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa) on non-restorative sleep: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled actigraphy study
Authors: Mohan M. E. , Mohan Mohind C. , Prabhakaran Prathibha , Syam Das S. , Krishnakumar I. M. , Baby Chakrapani P. S.
Published: January 2024

Background

Nigella sativa (black cumin, or black seed) is popularly known as the seed of blessings in the Arab system of medicine. Though not widely recommended for sleep, a unique proprietary black cumin extract (BlaQmax®/ThymoDream™; BCO-5) has been shown to be helpful in the management of stress and sleep issues.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of BCO-5 on the sleep quality of volunteers characterized with a self-reported non-restorative sleep disorder. Healthy male and female participants (n = 70), aged 18-65 years (BMI 22-28 Kg/m2) were randomized to either placebo or BCO-5 (n = 35/group). Both interventions were supplemented at 200 mg/day for seven days. Actigraphy and a validated restorative sleep questionnaire (RSQ-W) were used to monitor the influence of BCO-5 on sleep.

Results

Compared to placebo, BCO-5 significantly improved sleep quality, as evidenced by both intra-group and inter-group analyses of the actigraphy data. The relative improvements observed were sleep efficiency (7.8%, p < 0.001), total sleep time (19.1%, p < 0.001), sleep onset latency (35.4%; p < 0.001), and wake-after-sleep-onset (22.5%; p < 0.001) compared with placebo. BCO-5 also improved sleep by 75.3% compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and by 68.9% compared to placebo (p < 0.001), when monitored by RSQ-W. BCO-5 was well-tolerated with no reports of side effects or toxicity.

Conclusion

BCO-5 significantly improved non-restorative sleep in seven days, indicating its potential role as a natural sleep aid.
LASSO-derived prognostic model predicts cancer-specific survival in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma over 50 years of age: a retrospective study of SEER database research
Authors: Feng Yuan , Yang Junjun , Duan Wentao , Cai Yu , Liu Xiaohong , Peng Yong
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for patients with advanced ductal adenocarcinoma aged ≥50 years.

Methods

Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed to screen the model variables. Cases from Nanchang Central Hospital were collected for external validation. The new nomogram and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria were evaluated using integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification index (NRI) indicators. Survival curves presented the prognosis of the new classification system and AJCC criteria.

Results

In total, 17,621 eligible patients were included. Lasso Cox regression selected 4 variables including age, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and AJCC stage. The C-index of the training cohort was 0.721. The C-index value of the validation cohort was 0.729. The AUCs for the training cohorts at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.749, 0.729, and 0.715, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the predicted and actual probabilities at 1, 2, and 3 years matched. External validation confirmed the model’s outstanding predictive power. Decision curve analysis indicated that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was higher than that of the AJCC staging system. The model evaluation indices preceded the AJCC staging with NRI (1-year: 0.88, 2-year: 0.94, 3-year: 0.72) and IDI (1-year: 0.24, 2-year: 0.23, 3-year: 0.22). The Kaplan–Meier curves implied that the new classification system was more capable of distinguishing between patients at different risks.

Conclusions

This study established a prognostic nomogram and risk classification system for advanced pancreatic cancer in patients aged ≥50 years to provide a practical tool for the clinical management of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Ready to Eat Food: A Reason for Enhancement in Multidrug Resistance in Humans
Authors: Negi Sheetal , Sharma Sarika
Published: January 2024

The increasing trend of consuming ready-to-eat (RTE) food has become a global phenomenon, and this has raised concerns about the potential negative impacts on human health. Recent studies have shown a correlation between the consumption of RTE foods and the expansion of multidrug resistance (MDR) in humans. MDR is a significant challenge in the effective theory of infectious diseases, as it limits the effectiveness of antibiotics and other drugs used in therapy. Consumption of RTE food contribute to the development of MDR in humans. Additionally, there are potential risks of consuming RTE food contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can cause severe health consequences. The article highlights the need for awareness campaigns on the potential hazard related to the ingestion of RTE food and the importance of responsible and safe food production practices. It also recommends the need for regulatory bodies to establish strict guidelines for the production and distribution of RTE food to ensure that they are free from harmful contaminants and that their consumption does not lead to the development of MDR in humans. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential negative impacts of RTE food consumption on human health and emphasizes the need for a more cautious approach to food consumption to protect public health.
Methylglyoxal Affects the Expression of miR-125b, miR-107, and Oxidative Stress Pathway-associated Genes in the SH-SY5Y Cell Line
Authors: Shademan Behrouz , Yousefi Hadi , Nourazarian Alireza
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Alzhеimеr’s disеasе (AD) is thе most prеvalеnt form of dеmеntia globally. Rеsеarch links thе incrеasе of rеactivе oxidativе spеciеs (ROS) to thе pathogеnеsis of AD; thus, this study invеstigatеd thе impact of mеthylglyoxal (MGO) on thе еxprеssion of miR-125b, miR-107, and gеnеs involvеd in oxidativе strеss signaling in SH-SY5Y cеlls. Methods: Thе MTT assay assеssеd MGO’s еffеcts on SH-SY5Y viability. miR-125b and miR-107 еxprеssion was analyzеd via rеal-timе PCR. Additionally, thе Human Oxidativе Strеss Pathway Plus RT2 Profilеr PCR array quantifiеd oxidativе pathway gеnе еxprеssion. Results: MGO concеntrations undеr 700μM did not significantly rеducе SH–SY5Y viability. MiR-125b and miR-107 еxprеssion in SH-SY5Y cеlls incrеasеd and dеcrеasеd rеspеctivеly (P<0.05). Cеlls trеatеd with 700μM MGO еxhibitеd incrеasеd CCS, CYBB, PRDX3, SPINK1, CYGB, DHCR24 and BAG2 еxprеssion (P<0.05). Thosе trеatеd with 1400μM MGO showеd incrеasеd CCS, CYBB, PRDX3, SPINK1, DUSP1, EPHX2, EPX, FOXM1, and GPX3 еxprеssion (P<0.05). Conclusion: MGO altеrs oxidativе strеss pathway gеnе, miR-125b, and miR-107 еxprеssion in SH-SY5Y cеlls. Targеting MGO or miR-125b and miR-107 may providе novеl AD thеrapеutic stratеgiеs or improvе sеvеrе symptoms. Furthеr rеsеarch should еlucidatе thе prеcisе mеchanisms.
Fabrication of Anti-glaucoma Nanofibers as Controlled-Release Inserts for Ophthalmic Delivery of Brimonidine Tartrate: In Vivo Evaluation in Caprine Eye
Authors: Shaikhi Shoushtari Fariba , Naghshbandy Mohammadshakib , Rezaei Leila , Mehrandish Saba , Mirzaeei Shahla
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Chronic ailments usually decrease the quality of life due to the requirement for repetitive administration of drugs. Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease occurred because of increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Controlled-release inserts can overcome this challenge by a gradual release of the antiglaucoma drugs. This study aimed to fabricate ocular inserts of brimonidine tartrate (BMD) for the management of glaucoma. Methods: Different polymers including poly (D, L-lactide), polycaprolactone, cellulose acetate, and Eudragit RL100® were used to develop the BMD-loaded nanofibrous inserts by electrospinning technique. The inserts were characterized. The morphology and drug-polymer compatibility were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in vitro drug release in PBS. The IOP-lowering efficacy and irritancy of optimized formulation were assessed in the caprines. Results: SEM images demonstrated nanofibers with uniform morphology and a mean diameter<300 nm were fabricated. The nanofibers were high-strength and flexible enough to be placed in the conjunctival sac. FTIR showed drug-polymer compatibility. In vitro release study indicated a sustained-release profile of the drug during 6 days for inserts. In vivo evaluation indicated that the optimized formulation is capable of maintaining the IOP in a non-glaucomatous range for an extended duration of 6 days. In addition, the formulation was non-irritant to the caprine eye. Conclusion: Due to the prolonged IOP-lowering efficiency, BMD-loaded nanofibrous inserts can be considered suitable for the controlled release of drugs and thus enhance patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration.
Anti-Inflammatory Potency of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on L2 Cell Line Induced by Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Sholihah Ika Adhani , Barlian Anggraini
Published: January 2024

Purpose: At present, therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as no real molecular-driven therapeutic intervention has yet become available. The administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is known as an inflammatory activator, representing a frequently used model of ALI. This study investigated the biological function of normoxic (21% O2 ) vs. hypoxic conditions (5% O2 ) obtained from human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) and discovered that exosomes have the ability to suppress inflammatory responses by specifically targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. and identify the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) NF-κβ gene expression. Methods: Primer culture hWJ-MSCs characterization with trilineage differentiation and CD markers was conducted. To obtain exosomes, hWJ-MSCs were stimulated with two different oxygen levels: 21% (nor-exo) and 5% (hypo-exo). Then, the L2 cell line was induced with LPS 1 µg/mL. Inflamed-L2 was treated with nor-exo, hypo-exo, and dexamethasone as a positive control. The RNA extracted from treated L2 cells was utilized to examine the gene expression profiles of TLR4 and NF-κβ, and the medium was used to measure tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels using ELISA. Lastly, proteomic analysis of the exosome using LC/MS-MS was conducted. Results: Nor-exo and hypo-exo can be characterized and can produce higher yields exosomes under hypoxic conditions. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κβ genes and the proinflammatory levels such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in nor-exo and hypo-exo treatments decreased. Conclusion: Nor-exo and hypo-exo derived from hWJ-MSCs were proven to have anti-inflammatory activities.
Ultrasensitive Quantification of MUC16 Antigen/Amine-Terminated Aptamer Interaction by Surface Plasmon Resonance: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Valizadeh Shahbazlou Shahnam , Vandghanooni Somayeh , Dabirmanesh Bahareh , Eskandani Morteza , Hasannia Sadegh
Published: January 2024

Purpose: MUC16 is a commonly employed biomarker to identify and predict ovarian cancer (OC). Precise measurement of MUC16 levels is essential for the accurate diagnosis, prediction, and management of OC. This research seeks to introduce a new surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor design that utilizes aptamer-based technology to enable the sensitive and real-time detection of MUC16. Methods: In this study, the sensor chip was immobilized with an anti-MUC16 aptamer (Ap) by utilizing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) as a linker to attach the amine-terminated Ap to the chip using EDC/NHS chemistry. Results: The results indicated that the newly created aptasensor had a detection limit of 0.03 U/mL for MUC16 concentration, with a linear range of 0.09 to 0.27 U/mL. The findings demonstrate good precision and accuracy (<15%) for each MUC16 concentration, with recoveries ranging from 93% to 96%. Additionally, the aptasensor exhibited high selectivity, good repeatability, stability, and applicability in real human serum samples, indicating its potential as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of OC. Conclusion: According to the outcomes, the designed aptasensor exhibited acceptable specificity to detect the CA125 antigen and could be utilized for the serum detection of target antigen by SPR method.
Diagnostic criteria for bruxism: A scoping review
Authors: Jordi Padrós-Augé , Nouhaila Zayane , Miquel Cano , Albert Morales-Vigo , Sebastién Castro , Laurine Parathias
Published: January 2024

Background: A scoping review was conducted to explore all the methods and criteria used in primary research on bruxism diagnosis. Methods: A pre-defined and validated search was carried out in the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, PeDro, LILACS, and Epistemonikos databases. Primary studies conducted on bruxism as primary condition in the adult population were included. The selection phases were carried out by peers, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer or by consensus. Data extraction and manual tracing were done in order to identify the relevant studies. Results: The search and selection strategy identified 472 publications, and after manual tracing, 423 studies were selected for analysis. The results on diagnostic methods were grouped into 10 categories. Different subcategories were described within these categories, resulting in a total of 73 diagnostic methods: physical examination (n=11), questionnaires (n=12), polysomnography (n=13), electromyography (n=5), the International Classification for Sleep Disorders from the American Association of Sleep Medicine (ICSD-AASM) (n=3), intraoral devices (n=10), history (n=7), audio-video recordings (n=3), smartphone applications (n=2), and others (n=7). In addition, the combinations of methods used in the primary research were also analyzed. The prevalence of use was calculated for all diagnostic categories and subcategories, as well as for the combinations. Conclusion: There was high heterogeneity in primary research regarding the diagnosis of bruxism. There is evidence that not all diagnostic methods are properly validated. Future research should focus on validating these methods and developing the best tool in terms of reliability and cost-effectiveness for the diagnosis of bruxism.
The prevalence of oral white lesions in patients referring to the Kerman (2006-2022)
Authors: Mirzaee Arad , Hashemipour Maryam Alsadat
Published: January 2024

Background: White oral mucosal lesions are among the most common lesions in dental patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of white mucosal lesions in patients referred to Kerman Dental School from 2006 to 2022. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed using the records of 2215 patients who referred to the oral diseases department of Kerman Dental School from 2006 to 2022. The records were reviewed, and the patients who were diagnosed with white lesions of the oral mucosa were selected. Then, a detailed history, including patient identification, complaints, duration of illness, personal habits (including addiction, past medical history, and familial history), was obtained. Patients’ information, including age, sex, location of lesion, duration of lesion, clinical characteristics (including size, color, and surface specifications), and microscopic diagnosis, were extracted and were entered into the data entry forms. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation), and the chi-square test was performed at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the present study, 463 (20.9%) patients had at least one type of white lesion. The most common white lesion was idiopathic lichen planus (ILP) with a prevalence of 57.5% (266 cases). Out of the 463 patients, 294 (63.5%) were female and 169 (36.5%) were male. There was a significant relationship between gender and lesions in ILP (F>M, P=0.001), contact and drug lichen planus (F>M, P=0.006), and oral cancer (M>F, P=0.006). Finally, the most common site of involvement was the buccal mucosa. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the most common lesion was lichen planus and the most commonly involved site was buccal mucosa. Also, most diagnostic concordance was found between the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of lichen planus.
The relationship between the oral behavioral checklist and the jaw functional limitation scale in temporomandibular joint pain
Authors: Medin-Ceylan Cansın , Karacay Basak Cigdem
Published: January 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) impair orofacial function and reduce functional capacity and have an impact on a person’s overall health and quality of life. For clinical and research purposes, it is encouraged to adopt the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Diseases (DC/TMD) for an evidence-based assessment of abnormalities of the jaw joint. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the jaw’s functional restriction and to assess the association between pain, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8), and the Oral Behavioral Checklist (OBC) utilizing the DC/TMD. Methods: A hundred and two patients with TMD were included in present study. TMD-Pain Screener and TMD-Symptom Questionnaire from DC/TMD Axis-I were used. In order to determine parafunctional habits and function limitations, JFLS-8 and the OBC from the DC/TMD Axis-II assessment tools were utilized. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman and Pearson tests were used for correlation assessment. Results: Age, education level, occupation, marital status, and the onset time of jaw complaints of the 102 patients (64 female and 38 male) were not found to be associated with JFLS-8. Statistical significance was found between female gender and JFLS-8 (P<0.05). While there was no statistically significant relationship between joint closed locking and JFLS-8 evaluated with the TMD-Symptom Questionnaire, a significant relationship was found between open locking and JFLS-8 (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between JFLS-8 and the TMD-Pain Questionnaire and also between JFLS-8 and the OBC (P<0.001, r=0.380; P=0.028, r=0.248). Conclusion: DC/TMD is an important tool in the evaluation of jaw limitation. Female gender, presence of pain, and parafunctional habits are risk factors for functional limitation of the jaw.
Presence of Enterobacteriaceae and its association with mental health among school going nail-biting students: A comparative study
Authors: Mansoori Naveed , Zafar Shaheer , Ahad Muhammad Abdul , Javed Sana , Mubeen Syed Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Background: Onychophagia, commonly known as nail biting, is considered a compulsive behavioral disorder primarily observed in children and adolescents. Nail biting behavior leads to an increased presence of various opportunistic microorganisms in the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the association between nail biting and mental health in children aged 10 to 16 years. It further compares the load of Enterobacteriaceae in nail-biters and non-nail biters. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 50 nail biters (cases) and 50 non-nail biters (controls). Data were collected by using convenient sampling technique from school going students aged 10 to 16 years, using pre-designed and self-administered questionnaires, the Massachusetts General Hospital-Nail Biting Questionnaire (MGH-NBQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as well as saliva samples taken and tested for bacterial growth. All ethical issues were taken into consideration. SPSS v23 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics to calculate the mean and standard deviation. The independent t test was used to compare mean SDQ scores between nail biters and non-nail biters. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 50 cases, 44 (88.0%) of the students had positive Enterobacteriaceae growth, while 13 (26.0%) of the controls did not. Nail biters had considerably higher mean scores for emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems than non-nail biters (P value<0.001). All of the SDQ domains and nail biting were found to have a statistically significant (P=0.05) association. Conclusion: The study highlights the persistent and burdensome nature of nail biting, which poses risks in terms of disease transmission. Additionally, nail biting has been associated with various behavioural and emotional disorders. Awareness of the harmful consequences of nail biting, along with appropriate preventive and treatment approaches, can assist young individuals in discontinuing this habit.
The relationship between oral health literacy and dental caries experienced among pregnant women in Arak, Iran, in 2021
Authors: Bashirian Saeid , Barati Maryam , Barati Majid , Khazaei Salman , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Gholami Leila , Shirahmadi Samane
Published: January 2024

Background: Health literacy is recognized as a key determinant of health-related behaviors and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) and dental caries experience among pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 275 pregnant women in Arak, Iran. Demographic information, self-reported oral health, and brushing frequencies were collected using a questionnaire. The Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) was used to measure the level of health literacy. Dental caries experience was assessed using the DMFT index (decayed, missing, filled teeth). Results: The age of pregnant women participating in the study averaged 29.67±5.54 years. The average OHL score was 10.14 out of 17. Adequate OHL was observed in only 38.5% of pregnant women. The participants’ DMFT score averaged 9.39±4.43. A significantly lower mean score for decayed teeth (P=0.001) and a higher mean score for filled teeth (P=0.013) were recorded in a higher percentage of participants with adequate OHL than those with marginal and inadequate OHL. By adjusting the effect of potential confounding factors, the results of the multiple linear regression model revealed no significant relationships between OHL and DMFT among pregnant women participating in the study (P=0.934). Conclusion: Fewer decayed teeth and more filled teeth were observed in pregnant women with higher OHL. The promotion of OHL may lead to adherence to health behaviors and subsequently health outcomes for the individual.
Comparison of serum and salivary folate in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Bahramian Ayla , Shahidi Nikzad , Jafarlou Vahid , Dabaghi Tabriz Fatemeh , Bahramian Maria , Imani Touygoun Akbar , Katebi Katayoun , Joudi Aydin
Published: January 2024

Background: Folate is needed for sustaining the natural function of DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. Problems in the metabolism folate can cause abnormality in cell activity and cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to compare the folate in serum and saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and healthy subjects. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with oral SCC referred to the ENT department and 30 healthy individuals were studied. 2 cc saliva and 5 cc venous blood were taken from participants and were evaluated with a human folate ELISIA kit. Independent t test and Pearson correlation test were performed using SPSS 17. Results: Serum folate in patients with oral SCC (8.18±4.37 ng/mL) were significantly lower than control group (10.61±5.79 ng/ mL) (P=0.005). Salivary folate was significantly lower in patients with SCC (1.13±1.32 ng/mL) than in control group (2.84±4.40 ng/mL) (P=0.029). Conclusion: Since the levels of serum and salivary folate in patients with oral SCC were significantly lower than that of healthy individuals, low folate levels may be associated with oral SCC.
Multidisciplinary treatment approach to unerupted permanent incisor tooth and associated dental anomalies: case reports series
Authors: Dorterler Ozgul Carti , Kaptan Arife , Candan Merve
Published: January 2024

Background: Supernumerary teeth, which are defined as any tooth or odontogenic structure formed from tooth germ in excess of the usual number for any given region of the dental arch, is a developmental anomaly encountered in pediatric clinical practice. This case report series presents the multidisciplinary treatment approach applied to three different patients with anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth. Case Series: Case 1: An 11-year-old male patient was treated with surgical and orthodontic interventions due to the delayed eruption of the supernumerary tooth in the maxillary anterior region. Case 2: It was determined that the unaesthetic appearance in the maxillary anterior region of a 10-year-old female patient was caused by supernumerary teeth. The supernumerary teeth were extracted and the unerupted teeth were treated by orthodontic intervention. Case 3: In a 9-year-old male patient, it was determined that the reason for the delayed exfoliation of the primary teeth in the maxillary anterior region was supernumerary teeth. The patient was treated with surgery and orthodontic intervention. Results: Spontaneous eruption of permanent central teeth may last for up to three years. Orthodontic treatment may be required to ensure the even alignment of the erupting teeth. The teeth can be monitored for spontaneous eruption if there is ongoing root development, although orthodontic treatment will be necessary if the root development has already been completed, as such teeth have no chance of spontaneous eruption Conclusion: Early diagnosis of delayed eruption of permanent successors is necessary to avoid many dental complications. The management of such cases should be designed by a multidisciplinary team as there is no definitive time to surgically remove unerupted supernumerary teeth.
Evaluation of dental students’ opinions in Kerman about presenting and teaching dental trauma courses and their self-assessment of treating trauma patients
Authors: Mansouri Seyed Sadegh , Shahravan Arash , Ghadimi Shaghayegh , Nekouei Amir Hossein
Published: January 2024

Background: Dentists are always preoccupied with the fate of teeth affected by traumatic injuries. The present study aimed to evaluate the opinions of dental students in Kerman Faculty of Dentistry about the mechanisms involved in teaching dental trauma courses and their self-assessment of the treatments they provide for traumatized teeth. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face interviews with senior (last-year) dental students in Kerman Faculty of Dentistry. The interviews continued until adequate data were collected. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and categorized. The content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the results, the dental trauma credits provided in the faculty were adequate, but the students preferred collaborative teaching and suggested that a single department should manage the credits that professors from different departments teach to avoid overlap. The majority of the interviewees believed that theoretical lessons alone were not adequate, and practical encounters with trauma patients required practical courses in the phantom clinic, and clinical management of trauma patients was necessary. Conclusion: Considering the students’ pinions concerning the inadequacy of theoretical presentation of dental trauma courses, to practically encounter and deal with trauma patients, it is necessary to incorporate practical training in the phantom clinic and clinical treatment of such patients into the educational curriculum so that such patients would best benefit from the treatment services.
SİBER ÇATIŞMADA SİVİL VERİLERİN ROMA STATÜSÜ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKKUŞ Berkant
Published: January 2024

Saldırı ve savunma amaçlı siber yeteneklerin gelişmesiyle birlikte siber operasyonlar artan bir şekilde savaş araç ve yöntemi olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Bu gerekçeyle sivillerin, sivil altyapının, sivil verilerin oluşacak siber zararlardan korunması zaruridir. Bu makalenin ana araştırma sorusu silahlı çatışma esnasında verilere yönelik gerçekleştirilen siber operasyonların Roma Stütüsü doğrultusundan savaş suçu olarak kabulünün mümkün olup olmadığını tespit edebilmektir. Bilgisayar verilerinin statüsü tartışmalıdır. Siber çatışmalarda verilere yönelik gerçekleştirilen saldırılar somut nesneleri de etkilemektedir. Bu makalede Roma Statüsü kapsamında bilgisayar verileri nesne veyahut mal olarak kabul edilebilir mi sorusunu netleştirmek amacıyla doktrindeki tartışmalara odaklanılacaktır. Aynı zamanda mahkeme kararları incelenecektir. Suçta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi doğrultusunda Roma Statüsü’nün yeniden yorumlanması gerekmektedir. Günümüzde teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler yeni savaş metodlarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu nedenle Roma Statüsü’nün bu değişime uygun bir yanıt sağlayıp sağlamadığı değerlendirilecektir.
KONKORDATO DIŞI GEÇİCİ MÜHLET: BORÇ ERTELEME MÜHLETİ PLANI (İNGİLTERE ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: GÖKSU Mustafa
Published: January 2024

İngiltere (ve Galler) hukukunda 2021 yılından beri uygulanmakta olan borç erteleme mühleti planı, borçlarını ödemekte zorluk yaşayan borçlulara bir soluklanma imkânı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Plan, standart soluklanma mühleti ve ruh sağlığı krizi moratoryumu olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Standart soluklanma mühleti, tüm bireysel borçluların yararlanabileceği bir imkandır. Tüzükte yazılı şartları taşıyan bir borçlu, yetkilendirilmiş bir borçlanma danışmanına başvurarak, plan kapsamındaki borçları bakımından 60 günlük bir moratoryum hakkından yararlanabilir. Bu mühlet boyunca alacaklı borçluya karşı, alacağını talep etmeye yönelik hiçbir işlem yapamaz. Buna dava açmak ve borçluyla iletişime geçmek de dahildir. Ruh sağlığı krizi moratoryumunda ise, ruh sağlığı ciddi şekilde bozulmuş olan borçluların, profesyonel tıbbi yardım aldıkları müddetçe alacaklılarından korunması söz konusu olmaktadır. Borçluya alacaklıları karşısında koruma sağlayan bu imkanlar, Türk hukukundaki benzer kurumlar olan geçici konkordato mühleti, takibin taliki ve fevkalade mühlet halleri ile kıyaslanmış ve bu imkanların Türk hukukunda da uygulama alanı bulup bulamayacakları hususu tartışılmıştır.
Work Engagement sebagai Mediator Peran Workplace Well-being terhadap Performance pada Karyawan
Authors: Faustine Dea , Zamralita
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic is a difficult time for everyone all over the world, including companies and their employees. After going through the pandemic, the term new normal emerged. The new normal brings new challenges for companies, especially in the way companies try to retain and attract new employees to work. This situation has an impact on the company, namely that it is difficult to attract and retain employees. One of the things that employees and job seekers need to consider today is workplace well-being. The well-being that employees feel at work plays a role in work engagement. Employees who are committed to their work become more innovative and are willing to put in more effort in carrying out their duties, which is expected to have an impact on performance. To have good performance, one indicator that needs to be considered is the work engagement of employees. Low levels of work engagement can have an impact on reducing employee performance, productivity and motivation. This research aims to determine the role of workplace well-being on performance with work engagement as a mediator for employees at PT X. This research is quantitative research using a questionnaire. The total number of participants was 68 participants and the data was tested using the process macro regression test. For measurement in this study, the workplace well-being questionnaire, individual work performance questionnaire and Utrecht work engagement scale were used. The results of this research show that work engagement is proven to be a full mediation in the role of workplace well-being on performance.
Peran Dukungan Organisasi pada Karyawan yang Memiliki Kecemasan di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Diniprilia Mita , Rostiana
Published: January 2024

At the beginning of 2020, more precisely in March, the world was shaken by the Corona Virus, which is better known as Covid-19. The corona virus first started to enter Indonesia in the city of Depok, West Java and continued to spread throughout other areas of Indonesia. This virus has a big impact on various aspects of human life, because residents are required to stay at home and do everything at home so as not to become infected with the Covid virus. As a result of the Covid-19 case, the Indonesian government has made various efforts to break the chain of spread of Covid-19, one of which is the policies recommended by the government for companies to implement, namely the implementation of employees working from home or working from office while still implementing the health protocols that have been previously arranged. It is hoped that working employees will continue to do good work for the company, even though there will be anxiety about working in the midst of a pandemic. Researchers used anxiety as a moderator by dividing high anxiety and low anxiety. It is hoped that the condition of employees with high or low levels of anxiety will play a role in the influence of perceptions of organizational support on work performance. The number of samples is 100 people. The data collection technique is a quantitative research method. The results of this research are perceptions of participating organizations' support for work among employees with low levels of anxiety. However, when anxiety levels are high, perceptions of organizational support do not contribute to work.
Balıkesir Katı Atık Düzenli Depolama Tesisi’nin İrdelenmesi
Authors: ALTINER Figen
Published: January 2024

Düzenli depolama alanları, katı atıkların bertarafı ve dönüşümü çalışmalarında önemli parametreler arasında yer almaktadır. Birçok ülkede, katı atıkların yönetimi konusunda, vahşi depolama yönteminden düzenli depolama sistemine geçilmesiyle birlikte, doğal çevrenin korunması, tüm canlı sağlığını tehlikeye atacak bulaşıcı hastalık risklerinin azaltılması ve atıkların geri dönüşümüyle ekonomik açıdan olumlu katkılarının sağlanması amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Balıkesir ilinde bulunan Katı Atık Düzenli Depolama Tesisi’nin irdelenmesi ve çevre üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kentsel katı atıkların bertarafı ve geri dönüşümü noktasında ilgili kuruluşlardan ve saha araştırmalarından elde edilen bilgiler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, tesiste evsel atıkların uygun teknik işlemler ile enerjiye çevrilmesiyle 2020 yılında toplam 43,747 MW/ay, 2021 yılında ise, 56,272 MW/ay enerji üretildiği ve bu enerjiyle 50,000 hanenin enerji ihtiyacının karşılandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tesiste bitkisel katı atıklar incelendiğinde, 2022 yılının ilk sekiz ayında toplamda 615,80 kg kompost üretilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, 2019-2021 yılları arasında evsel ve tıbbi atıkların arttığı ve bu artışın en önemli sebebinin COVID-19 pandemi süreci olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan incelemelerde, katı atıkların tesise taşınması esnasında ortaya çıkan karbon ayak izinin her yıl artış gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm bu sonuçlarla birlikte, Balıkesir Düzenli Katı Atık Tesisi’nin kente sağladığı olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri çalışma sonucunda açıkça belirtilmiştir.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Architectural Space Needs
Authors: COZA Halit
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 pandemic, the built environment has faced significant transformations and adaptations to address emerging challenges and public health concerns. This review explores the significant implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on architecture and urban design. Key developments include the rise of home office design to accommodate remote work, increased reliance on digital infrastructure for essential services, the revitalization of public and green spaces, and design adaptations for social distancing. Building designs now prioritize wider corridors and open-air spaces to enable safe circulation, improved ventilation systems to reduce infection risk, and antimicrobial materials for enhanced cleanliness. Moreover, digital technologies, such as smart building systems and AI-driven safety measures, play a central role in post-pandemic designs. These transformations collectively aim to create healthier, adaptable, and resilient built environments ready to face future challenges.
Visual Preferences of College Students for an Ecological Design Project in a Campus Environment
Authors: DOĞMUŞÖZ Burçin , VARDI TOPAL Hanife
Published: January 2024

In the last few decades, the integration of ecological design in urban landscapes has gained significant attention from researchers, practitioners, and administrators because of its potential to address environmental challenges and enhance the quality of life. While there are many benefits of integrating ecological design in urban landscapes such as environmental conservation and awareness, its aesthetics have remained a critical, yet often overlooked, aspect. This paper examines the visual preferences of college students for ecological design through a rain garden project at Izmir Katip Celebi University. Ecological design includes green infrastructure strategies like rain gardens that play a major role in creating sustainable urban areas. In this study, we conducted surveys among students at Izmir Katip Celebi University regarding a rain garden project that would be implemented on campus. We provided six rain garden design images, each representing various visual attributes in the survey. The survey also included questions about aesthetic appeal, ecological significance, preferred design choice, and demographic information. We collected the data from 120 respondents and analyzed responses using descriptive statistics. The study findings presented that Image 6, featuring colorful plant selections, received the highest aesthetic rating, while Image 4, with canopy trees, stood out as the most ecologically significant design.
İmar Planlarının Üç Boyutlu (3B) Görselleştirilmesi İçin Bir Öneri
Authors: AKBULUT BAŞAR Ayşe
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kent planlama anlatım tekniklerinden olan 3 boyutlu görselleştirme alanında, imar planlarının görselleştirilmesi konusundaki eksikleri saptamak ve bu alanda bir yazılım üreterek literatür ve uygulamadaki bu boşluğu doldurmaktır. Artan nüfus ve kentleşmeyle beraber, kentlerin iyi tasarlanması, toplumların refahının sağlanması daha da önem kazanmıştır. Ülkemizde imar planlarının hazırlanma, onaylanma ve uygulama süreçleri halkın bilgisine sunulsa da 2 boyutlu tasarımların algısını oluşturabilecek, imar okur yazarlığını sağlayabilecek 3 boyutlu görselleştirme uygulaması bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile açık erişimli, yaygınlık etkisi gösterebilecek, konunun uzmanı olmayan herkese hitap edecek şekilde ara yüz tasarımı algılanabilecek, imar planı hakları ve gösterimleri hakkında bilgi verecek, hatalı veriyi algılayıp bilgilendirici uyarı yapabilecek, girilen veriye göre farklı yapı alternatifleri sunabilecek bir tasarım ile "3 Boyut İmar" ismiyle yazar tarafından üretilen bir yazılım önerisi sunulmuştur. Yazılımın üretilmesiyle elde edilen sonuçlar; 3 boyutlu görselleştirmenin doğrudan imar okur yazarlığına katkısı olduğu gibi ayrıca dolaylı olarak katılım-yönetişim ve denetim, kentsel kimlik-kültürel miras-doğal çevre koruma ve eğitim alanlarına da katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir.
Comparison between Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide in Management of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Siregar Simon A , Elvioza Elvioza , Victor Andi A , Djatikusumo Ari , Andayani Gitalisa A , Yudantha Anggun R
Published: January 2024

Background: To critically evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB)compared to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods: We searched publication related to diabetic macular edema managed by bevacizumab andtriamcinolone acteonide through systematic search of database in a period of January 2002 untilOctober 2013. Information needed from all articles were extracted into a data extraction sheet. Wereviewed the efficacy of both treatment in decreasing central macular thickness (CMT), improvementof visual acuity and the adverse effects following the injection.Results: Twelve articles were included after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion cirteria. Our analysisshowed single IVTA injection were more effective in decreasing CMT and improving visual acuity at1 week to 3 months. There were no significant improvement of CMT in multiple injection of IVTAcompared to multiple injection of IVB.Conclusion: A single intravitreal injection of IVTA appears to offer certain short-term advantagesover IVB for the management of patients with diabetic macular edema, particularly with regard toCMT.Â Keywords: intravitreal, triamcinolone acetonide, bevacizumab, diabetic macular edema
Comparison of High and Low Phacoemulsification Parameter in Safety and Patients Comfort
Authors: Putri Dian Eka , Harmani Bondan , Shidik Amir , Mansyur Muchtaruddin
Published: January 2024

Background: To compare phacoemulsification (phaco) setting parameters with high (H) and low (L)parameters in Cipto Mangunkusumo (CM) hospitals impacted on corneal endothelial cell and patientâ€™spain perception (PP) during phaco procedure.Methods: Forty eight outpatients were eligibly selected by RCT at CM hospital in periods ofNovember 2013 to April 2014. Impacts of setting parameter difference were observed by objectivemeasurement of endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT). The PP wasmeasured by a JCI approved standard using visual analog scale (VAS) were adapted. A built-insoftware for phaco US energy count which is cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) used to objectivelytimed the phaco time, duration of operation (DO) were timed, and standard visual acuity (VA) wasalso noted. Data analysis was performed using general linear model (GLM) repeated measures.Results: Increase of CCT and decrease of ECD after 1 month in high and low phaco parameter are notsignificantly different, respectively 0.23% vs 2.23% and 8.53% vs 6.99% (p>0.05). Significantdifference were found in CDE between H and L; 15.80 vs 21.29 (p=0.015). No statistically significantdifference of VAS nor DO and VA.Conclusion: High and low parameter phacoemulsifications have an equal result in safety and patientâ€™scomfort.Â Keywords: setting phaco machine, endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, visual analog scale
Clinical Characteristic and Microbiological Findings in Bacterial Corneal Ulcer at A Private Eye Clinic in Jakarta
Authors: Yudapratiwi Nelandriani , Lutfiamida Rifna , Soemiatno Yulinda Indarnila
Published: January 2024

Background: Corneal ulcer is a major cause of blindness in developing countries causing prolongedmorbidity, loss of vision, and often loss of eyes. Corneal ulcer is an ocular emergency that requiresprompt and appropriate management to ensure the best visual outcome for the pattern of bacterialcorneal ulcers at a private eye clinic in Jakarta, and to test these bacteria against routinely used ocularantibiotics in order to formulate new guidelines for therapy.Methods: This was a descriptive study. All patients treated for bacterial corneal ulcers who agreed toparticipate in this study were prospectively followed. Clinical features (age, risk factors, visual acuity)and response to therapy were observed. Bacteriological profile was determined and the antibioticsusceptibility tests were done.Results: Fifteen consecutive patients with bacterial corneal ulcer (median age 39, SD 19.1) wereprospectively enrolled from September 2012 to November 2014. The predisposing factors weretrauma (40%), contact lens (33.3%), eyelid abnormalities (13.3%), and keratopathies (13.3%). Growthfrom culture was found in five patients and all of them had results of Pseudomonas sp. The isolatedPseudomonas sp was susceptible to gentamicin, levofloxacin, tobramycin, and ofloxacin. Eighty percentof patients had improved conditions with improved visual outcome.Conclusion: In this series, ocular trauma and contact lens wear were the most common predisposingfactor. Pseudomonas sp was the only microorganism isolated from the culture. The isolated bacteriawere sensitive to gentamicin, tobramycin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin.Â Keywords: bacterial corneal ulcer, culture, corneal trauma, contact lens, antibiotic susceptibility test