bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compensation System and Employee Motivation in the Public Sector: A Case Study of Ogun State Civil Service
Authors: Oladejo Segilola Yewande , Saka Abdul-Afeez Ayomide
Published: December 2024

This study examined the correlation between the civil service compensation system and employee motivation in the public sector. Using both questionnaires and interviews to gather data, the study found out that the compensation system was not sufficient to meet employees’ basic needs. The study therefore advocated a comprehensive approach to increasing motivation at work, acknowledging the significance of non-monetary factors.
Avifaunal diversity of Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Chauhan Kushant , Kumar Gaurav , Negi Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Birds are among the most charismatic animals on our planet. Worldwide, there are about 11,000 different avian species. BirdLife International (2024) has listed 1,211 bird species that occur in India, demonstrating its immense diversity. Of these species, the majority (about 80%) are restricted to the Himalayas. To contribute to our knowledge on avian diversity in India, we conducted avifaunal surveys in the Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 76 species of birds, representing 11 orders, 32 families, and 59 genera, were recorded. Passeriformes dominated the avifauna with 56 species. Muscicapidae was the most abundant family enumerating 12 species. The second largest family was Fringillidae including 6 species, closely followed by Paridae and Phasianidae, with 5 species each. Of the 76 species recorded, 22 (28.95%) were classified as very common, 25 (32.90%) as common, 21 (27.63%) as uncommon, and 8 species (10.52%) as rare. The Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) is a vulnerable species and the Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis) is listed as a near-threatened species as per IUCN Red List. Around 30% of the species belong to very narrow and restricted feeding guilds. The study also revealed the presence of 21 bird species with a decreasing population trends as provided by the global IUCN population assessments, thereby highlighting the importance and imperative of conservation measures in this Wildlife Sanctuary.
Avian assemblages in the waste landfills: observations from urban sites in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mallick Rajashree , Bhar Ayon , Paul Pranesh , Kumar Goutam , Aditya Saha & Gautam
Published: December 2024

Urban dumpsites, often regarded as environmental eyesores, may play an unexpected ecological role by providing habitats for avian species. In this context, the present study was conducted to justify whether dumpsites can sustain bird populations and enhance urban biodiversity. We recorded the bird abundance and species richness through surveys at four well-known urban dumpsites in Kolkata and surrounding areas between February and June 2024. We encountered a variety of common and rare bird species that use the dumpsite for feeding, breeding, and roosting using established methods. The dumping area close to the agricultural fields had a higher bird species richness compared to the urbanized area. However, the urban dumping areas exhibited comparatively higher bird abundance. House Crow (Corvus splendens) and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) were the two most common species at the dumpsites. This work emphasizes the importance of studying the bird groups concerning landfill sites and management, as a significant influx of birds could lead to various environmental challenges in metropolitan areas.
European Serin (Serinus serinus) expands nesting area to south and east
Authors: Shupova Tatiana V. , Illienko Volodymyr V. , Gaychenko Vitaly A.
Published: December 2024

In the context of anthropogenic and climatic changes in the faunas of numerous regions, species that were previously absent from there are now observed, accompanied by alterations in the number of animal populations and disruption of the usual trends of their dynamics. The changes in the range of the European Serin (Serinus serinus) within Ukraine were identified by creating a four-layer GIS map in the DIVA-GIS software. The analysis revealed that European Serin continues to disperse in Europe, with a notable shift towards the south and east. The current southern border of the breeding range of the species passes through Central Ukraine, encompassing the right bank of the Dnipro river. However, the status of European Serin in the Black Sea region remains unclear. In the territories inhabited in the 20th century, the density of European Serin in the breeding season has increased, although decreasing population size is described for old populations of Europe. It is relevant to study the comparative dynamics of bird numbers in old habitats and in newly developed areas, with a view to identifying new wintering grounds for birds and populations that have shifted to a sedentary lifestyle.
The recolonization of the Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) in its natural steppe habitats in Hungary – an overview of the species’ grassland activities between 1995 and 2024
Authors: Kiss Ádám , Takács Ádám , Pigniczki Csaba
Published: December 2024

The Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) is an endangered shorebird in Hungary, which disappeared as a character breeding species from its sodic grassland habitats during the mid-1990s. Therefore, it was a positive experience to witness the return of this species to its natural habitats, which we observed and documented in 2022 and 2024, and suggested in 2023. During the 2022 observation, one of the three pairs nesting in the Alsó-Szúnyog-puszta reached the chick-rearing stage. We have summarised twenty-one observations of the species in its natural habitat during the breeding season between 2013 and 2024. Based on our data, Collared Pratincole has been confirmed to breed three times in Hungary in its natural habitats, with five additional instances of assumed breeding between 1995 and 2021. In 2022, the species bred in sodic grassland (Camphorosmetum annuae) grazed with livestock. Pratincoles nested in colonies mixed with Kentish Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) and other shorebirds, such as Northern Lapwings (Vanellus vanellus), Black-tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa), and Common Redshanks (Tringa totanus).
‘I Am Poor and Needy’: The Worshipper’s Posture Within the Psalter’s Structure
Authors: Dunham Kyle C.
Published: December 2024

This study builds upon Johannes Bremer’s thesis that the main theme of the Psalter is YHWH’s concern for the poor (the so-called Armentheologie or theology of the poor). I argue that the phrase ‘poor and needy’ does not occur randomly through the Psalter but at strategic junctures. Traced from its inception to conclusion, seven Psalms (35, 37, 40, 70, 74, 86, 109) utilize this phrase to create a trajectory that moves from suffering to triumph, from oppression to deliverance, from denigration to vindication. Along this plotline, the psalmist identifies himself with the poor and needy in a way that grounds a messianic horizon for the Psalter, foreshadowing its consummation in Jesus Christ, the ultimate royal sage who promises ‘blessing’ (ashre) for the ‘poor in spirit’ who inherit the heavenly kingdom alongside the Psalter’s poor petitioner (Psalm 72:8-14; Matthew 3:2; Luke 6:20). The Psalter thus provides hope in the midst of suffering, as the poor and needy praise God’s name after deliverance and thank him for his abundant steadfast love, culminating in God’s ultimate victory through their (eschatological) deliverance.
Journey to the Kingdom: The Three-Fold Compositional Arc of Book II of the Psalter
Authors: Gilcher Jerod A.
Published: December 2024

Employing the methodology of Editorial Criticism, this article seeks to demonstrate that Book II of the Psalter (i.e., Psalms 42-72) consists of three parallel, compositional arcs that take the form of a journey. Based on key-word links, as well as clear organizational clues found in the superscriptions, the psalms of Book II are deliberately arranged to portray three parallel depictions of the same progression of events. Mirroring the general sequence of eschatological events portrayed in the prophets, Book II presents a three-fold analogous deliverance out of exile into a global kingdom ruled by the Davidic king. While each journey highlights one compelling facet of that future kingdom, together they provide a multi-perspectival and even complementary vision of the future which signals a renewed hope in the Davidic promises. Thus, this article will argue that the design of Book II of the Psalter does not extol the glorious days of a bygone era, but rather orients the reader to anticipate the ultimate eschatological fulfillment of what God had guaranteed in the future. The net effect of these compositional arcs (or journeys) for the readers would inevitably be to sustain them through the disorienting experiences of captivity and provide invincible hope for the age to come.
Praying the Psalms in Union with Christ
Authors: Gundersen David ‘Gunner’
Published: December 2024

The believer’s oneness with Christ creates profound roots within the believer’s soul. This union undergirds the believer’s spiritual life as he or she prays the Psalms. This essay explores the theological realities that explain the spiritual resonance Christians experience when praying the Psalms. I propose that as believers pray the Psalms in union with Christ, their souls resonate with the Spirit of Christ, the sonship of Christ, the sufferings of Christ, the body of Christ, and the intercession of Christ. Believers share this salvific oneness with Christ by faith, so that they share in his life, death, resurrection, ascension, inheritance, and beloved status as God’s righteous son. In praying the Psalms, believers echo the Spirit of Christ, sense the sonship of Christ, taste the sufferings of Christ, harmonize with the body of Christ, and join in the intercessions of Christ.
Ambiguity and Poetry: Psalm 62 as Witness
Authors: Jones Ethan C.
Published: December 2024

Ambiguity is intrinsic and intended within biblical poetry. Psalm 62 demonstrates ways in which biblical poetry conveys this ambiguity. The form of poetry itself—its paratactic and terse shape—is the soil in which inference, reasoning, and imagination grow. There is, furthermore, an overlap between ambiguous language in general and ambiguity in poetry due to its form and intent. This essay directs modern notions of delimitation toward the realities of biblical poetry and encourages proper awareness and appreciation of ambiguity within Holy Scripture by considering its role within Psalm 62. Here the reader is challenged not only by the content of the psalm but by its form, repetition, and nuance so as to humble intellectual hubris, invite careful attention to detail, and prompt prayerful dependence on the Holy Spirit’s work of illumination and inspiration of Holy Scripture.
Ascending the Hill to Praise: The Function of the Psalter’s Structure and Poetry in Forming Hearts of Praise
Authors: Aniol Scott
Published: December 2024

The Psalms constitute more than a randomized collection of discrete songs. God has given the psalms to form believers through regular performance. The Psalms are not merely an anatomy of the soul: the Psalms are medicine for the soul. A proper understanding of the dominant metaphors within the psalms, through their use and practice, renders the Book of Psalms a pathway toward refuge and the refuge itself. The worshipper must sing his or her way through the Psalms from songs of lament and repentance, through songs of thanksgiving and trust, eventually ascending the hill to praise.
Present View and Perspectives in the Optimization of Electrical Parameters of Wireless Communication System
Authors: Panait Iulian , Buică Emanuel
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to analyze the performance of wireless communication systems by focusing on key electrical parameters such as signal power, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), attenuation, and modulation techniques. The study utilizes advanced concepts including MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, dynamic power control, and Shannon-Hartley theorem, all analyzed using MATLAB/Octave for simulation and optimization purposes. The investigation is conducted to optimize the efficiency and reliability of wireless networks, ensuring better resource management and improved quality of service (QoS).
Quality Assurance Using Agile Applied in Organic Herbs Conditioning
Authors: Mesaros D. , Muntean S. , Duda M. , Pece Mastan O. , Longodor A.L. , Kovendi Z.
Published: December 2024

The paper’s objective is to emphasize the applicability of AGILE Methodology in quality assurance of organic herbs conditioning. This paper begins with a brief overview of the theoretical components of quality assurance and a short introduction in AGILE Methodology emphasizing how may be applied in a variety of industries, such as the food processing industry and pharmaceutical industry. The goals of interdisciplinarity are customer happiness, productivity growth, and profit maximization.
Transforming Industrial Supervision Systems: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Machine Learning Techniques and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Zermane Hanane , Ziar Ahcene , Madjour Hassina , Touahar Djamel
Published: December 2024

In addressing the mounting challenges of industrial supervision systems grappling with intricate processes, this study pioneers a transformative paradigm centered on the SCIMAT cement factory. By seamlessly integrating Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic, the primary aim is to revolutionize real-time control systems, with a keen focus on cement production. SVM integration into the supervision system, coupled with connectivity to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), is complemented by fuzzy real-time controllers’ regression analysis. Rigorous testing and evaluation validate the proposed approach’s reliability, showcasing its effectiveness in discerning optimal system functioning. The system’s practical application within a PLC environment underscores its prowess in issuing commands to industrial equipment, thereby enhancing operational efficiency. Going beyond conventional methodologies, our approach amalgamates SVM classification, fuzzy controllers, and real-time regression analysis, delivering a multifaceted solution for industrial supervision. The system’s standout achievement is an SVM classification accuracy surpassing 94% compared to other classifiers. The K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) model demonstrated an accuracy rate of approximately 93.83%. The decision tree model attained an accuracy of around 83.73%. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 80.25%. These models are not only adept at distinguishing optimal functioning from faults but also adept at preserving the linguistic language used by operators. The study’s novelty lies in the holistic integration of SVM and Fuzzy Logic, offering a practical and adaptable solution that not only advances classification accuracy but also significantly reduces maintenance costs, marking a substantial improvement over the traditional methods. This transformative model, validated through SVM classification and practical application, establishes a new standard for flexibility, cost reduction, and overall productivity enhancement in industrial processes.
Design and Implementation of a Temperature Monitoring System in Industrial Environments
Authors: Nedelcu Otilia
Published: December 2024

The proposed paper presents the development of a temperature monitoring system designed for industrial environments, based on a Raspberry Pi 3 microcomputer equipped with a touchscreen and a K-type thermocouple connected via the MAX6675 module. The system enables temperature monitoring and recording through an intuitive interface, providing users with real-time visualization and data logging functionalities. The touchscreen interface allows for easy and efficient interaction, enabling operators to quickly access essential information. The system was implemented and tested on an industrial oven capable of reaching temperatures up to 800°C, demonstrating stability and reliability in extreme environmental conditions. Experimental results show that the system provides precise monitoring and enhanced control over high-temperature industrial processes.
Düzce’de Fındık Üreticilerinin Yabancı Otlar Konusunda Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar
Authors: Sizer Vedat , Tepe Işık , Arslan Zübeyde Filiz
Published: December 2024

çalışma, Türkiye’nin önemli bir fındık bölgesi olan Düzce ilinde yabancı ot sorunu ve mücadelesinde üreticinin bilgi, deneyim ve sorunları çözmedeki yetkinliğini tespit etmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Düzce’de 2021-2022 yıllarında toplam 100 fındık üreticisine 30 soru yöneltilmiştir. Anket sonuçlarına göre; üreticilerin %53’ünün eğitim seviyesinin lise ve üzeri olduğu, %52’sinin fındık yetiştiriciliğini aile varlığı olduğu için ve %34’ünün ise geçimlerini sağlamak amacıyla yaptığı anlaşılmıştır. Üreticilerin %84’ünün yabancı otları önemli derecede sorun gördüğü; mücadele için %80’inin biçme, %9’unun ise kimyasal mücadele uyguladığı tespit edilmiştir. Üreticilerin %40’ı fındık yetiştiriciliği dışında sanayi ve ticaret alanında, %17’si kamu kurumlarında çalışarak ek gelir elde ettiklerini; yine %65 gibi büyük bir çoğunluğu ise fındık dışında herhangi bir ürün yetiştirmediklerini beyan etmişlerdir. Üreticiler fındık bahçelerinde sorun olan 45 farklı yabancı ot türü bildirmişlerdir. Bu yabancı ot türlerinden; dam bromu (Bromus tectorum L.), tek yıllık salkımotu (Poa annua L.), yara otu (Prunella vulgaris L.), yonca (Medicago sativa L.), şebrek (Lapsana communis L.), bataklık sinirotu (Plantago lanceolata L.), kuzukulağı (Rumex acetosella L.), ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L.), böğürtlen (Rubus sanctus Schreb), tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis L.), yabani çilek (Fragaria vesca L.) ve kadife otu (Holcus lanatus L.) türlerinin yaygın olduğu bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca, üreticiler mevcut yabancı otlara karşı uyguladıkları kimyasal mücadele ile yabancı ot sorununu belli bir ölçüde çözdüklerini ancak böğürtlen, eğrelti otu, tarla sarmaşığı, ısırgan otu ve köpek dişi ayrığı ile mücadelede yeterli başarı elde edemediklerini belirtmişlerdir.
Weed Management Effects on Weed Dynamics, Yield and Economics of Spring Maize at Dang, Nepal
Authors: Devkota Manjul , Sai Rijwan , Shrestha Aavash , Chaudhary Shiva , Koirala Prajjwal , Mahato Mohan
Published: December 2024

Weeds pose a significant challenge in maize fields in the Dang district, leading to a substantial 52% reduction in yield. Hence, this study was conducted in Satbariya village of Dang, Nepal, in 2023 to evaluate the impact of various weed management practices on weed dynamics, growth, and yield of spring maize. The experiment included seven treatments: a weedy check, weed-free plot, pre-emergence application of atrazine at 1.25 a.i. kg/ha (AtPrE), post-emergence application of atrazine at 1.25 a.i. kg/ha (AtPoE), manual weeding at 30 DAS, mini-tiller at 30 DAS, and LaPoE (tembotrione 42% SC + atrazine 50% WP) applied as post-emergence. The Subarna variety of maize was chosen for the study. Fifteen weed species from seven different families were identified in the experimental area. Specific morphological and phenological parameters, such as plant height and days to tasseling and silking, were not significantly influenced by the weed control methods. However, significantly lower weed density and biomass were observed in the weed-free plot and LaPoE. Similarly, weed-free plots and LaPoE exhibited significantly higher weed control efficiency (WCE) and weed control index at both 45 and 60 DAS, leading to a lower weed index (0.00–16.71%) and more effective weed control. Concerning the yield parameters, cob length, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher in weed-free plots, followed by LaPOE, and the highest grain and biological yield were observed in weed-free plot (6.14–15.18 tons/ha) and LaPoE (5.12–13.32 tons/ha). Moreover, the benefit-cost ratio and net return were observed to be highest with LaPoE. This study suggests that LaPoE can be an effective and economical weed management strategy for increasing maize yield and profitability. Further research could explore the long-term effects of using LaPoE on weed control and crop productivity.
Sowing Dates Effects and Varieties Comparison and Their Interaction on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Sarhadi Wakil Ahmad , Yousofzai Wahida , Shams Shamsurhman , Sahes Abdul Khaliq , Rateb Alim
Published: December 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth is directly affected by sowing dates. However, the yield of wheat in Afghanistan is significantly lower than the global standard. Several factors including fertilizers, sowing dates, seeds and cultivation methods, contribute to this low yield. The objective of this research was to address this critical issue by comparison of the effects of different sowing dates on wheat yield and its components under Kabul climatic conditions. The same experiment was conducted at two sites in 2020 using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and twelve treatments. The varieties used were Darolaman-07 (V1), Mazar- 99 (V2), and Chunta-1 (V3) as factor one, and sowing dates of November 10th (S1), November 18th (S2), November 26th (S3), and December 4th (S4) as factor two. Growth and yield parameters measured and analyzed included plant height, number of leaves plant-1, total number of tillers plant-1, leaf area index (LAI), leaf nitrogen content (N), spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1, thousand- grain-weight, days to maturity, number of spikes plant-1, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. Sowing dates had significant effects on some wheat growth and yield parameters. Sowing on November 10th, 2020, resulted in the highest plant height and leaves number per plant compared to later sowing dates. There was a significant interaction between sowing date and variety at (P˂0.01) in both growth and yield parameters. ANOVA analysis highlighted significant differences among wheat varieties in spike length, grain weight spike-1, thousand grain-weight, and harvest index, with notable variations observed among different varieties. Based on the results, the longest duration to maturity and the highest grain yield were observed on sowing date of November 10, 2020.
Growth and Yield of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo var. sunny house) in Response to Organic and Inorganic Mulching Materials at Rampur, Chitwan
Authors: Bhattarai Abhishek , Shrestha Aavash , Sai Rijwan , Pathak Sameeksha , Kafle Nischal
Published: December 2024

Mulching, a widely employed agricultural practice, has been recognized for its influence on soil moisture retention, temperature regulation, and weed suppression, thereby improving growth and yield of crops. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulching materials on growth and yield attributes of summer squash under water constraint condition during March to May 2023 in Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid in single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four different mulches (rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk and silver on black plastic mulch 30 microns) and control replicated 4 times. All the Plant growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves per plant and plant spread, were highest in silver plastic mulch and the poorest in the un-mulched plots. Mulching also significantly influenced floral characters, with plastic mulch demonstrating superiority in traits such as days to flowering, number of flowers per plant, and sex ratio compared to organic mulches and the control. Fruit length, diameter, and weight exhibited the highest values under plastic mulch and the lowest values under the control, while all organic mulches showed similar results. The highest yield of 41.44 Mt ha-1 was achieved with silver plastic mulch, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing crop productivity, while the lowest yield of 11.77 Mt ha-1 was recorded in the control plots. Despite its higher cost, silver pastic mulch exhibited highest net return and benefit-cost ratio. Rice husk mulch, with the second highest benefit-cost ratio and relatively low cost of production, emerged as promising alternative. Although mulching did not notably affect the soil pH, the varying soil organic matter percentages were observed, with the highest on rice straw mulch and the lowest on silver plastic mulch. The study suggests that while plastic mulch can significantly boost productivity during water scarcity, rice husk mulch offers a cost-effective alternative with substantial economic benefit.
Farklı BAP, IBA ve IAA Hormon Dozlarının Oğul Otu (Melissa officinalis L.) Bitkisine Yapraktan Uygulanmasının Büyüme ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Yolcu Muhammed Said , Çetiner Oğuz
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, BAP, IBA ve IAA hormonlarının 50 ve 100 ppm dozlarının Melissa officinalis L. (Oğulotu) bitkisinin büyüme ve biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme, sera koşullarında “Tam Şansa Bağlı Tesadüf Parselleri” deneme desenine göre üç tekrar ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; fide boyu, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, klorofil a ve b, toplam karotenoidler, toplam fenolik maddeler ve antioksidan aktiviteler (CUPRAC ve FRAP) değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; kök yaş ağırlığı dışındaki büyüme parametrelerinde hormon uygulamalarının kontrole göre önemli etkisinin olduğu, fide boyu, yaş, kuru ağırlıkları ile kök kuru ağırlıklarında en yüksek sonuçlara IBA50 dozunda ulaşıldığı, kök uzunluğunda ise en yüksek değere BAP100 uygulamasında ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. Klorofil a, b ve total karotenoid parametrelerinde en yüksek değerler kontrol uygulamalarından, en yüksek antioksidan aktivite (FRAP) BAP100, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı ise IBA100 uygulamalarında ölçülmüştür.
Determination of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Watermelon Mosaic Virus Infections in Cucurbit Production Areas of Çanakkale Province from Türkiye
Authors: Sarı Merve , Karanfil Ali , Korkmaz Savaş
Published: December 2024

Viral diseases are among the most significant challenges in protecting plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, with viruses from the Potyvirus genus, such as zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), causing up to 100% yield losses under favorable conditions.  Despite the importance of these viruses, there have been no previous studies investigating potyvirus diseases in Cucurbitaceae production areas in Çanakkale province. Consequently, the status of these diseases in the region remains unknown. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the presence of potyviruses in Cucurbitaceae production areas in Çanakkale. In the 2021 production year, a total of 137 samples exhibiting virus and virus-like symptoms were collected from various Cucurbitaceae production sites in Çanakkale province and its districts. The samples were tested using RT-PCR with primer pairs specific to WMV and ZYMV. From the infected samples, seven isolates were selected for further analysis, and the coat protein (CP) genes were amplified and sequenced. The results revealed that WMV was detected as a single infection in 78 samples, ZYMV in one sample, and mixed infections of ZYMV+WMV were found in 39 samples, indicating that WMV is notably prevalent in Çanakkale. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that the Turkish WMV and ZYMV isolates share more than 90% similarity with other isolates in both the local samples and the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that Turkish WMV and ZYMV isolates are closely related to each other. This is the first study to reveal the presence and phylogenetic relationships of ZYMV and WMV in cucurbitaceous plants in Çanakkale province of Türkiye.
Zinc and Phosphate Solubilizing by Rhizobacteria Promotes Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Growth in Salty Conditions
Authors: Çelik Yusuf , Özarslandan Adem , Kayak Necibe
Published: December 2024

Due to climate change, the world is negatively affected by drought, temperature, salinity, and flood stress, leading to a significant decline in crop production. Lettuce is particularly significant when considering salt stress. To increase plant tolerance to salinity, various strategies are employed to support the development of agriculture. Rhizobacteria play a key role in regulating phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) homeostasis in plants. According to the study results, Rhizobium bacteria supported plant growth by improving the solubility of zinc and phosphate. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the antioxidant system, which helps detoxify reactive oxygen species. The relationship between proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities showed that PGPR inoculation enhanced the plant's defense mechanism against salt stress. In establishing this tolerance, increases in chlorophyll content, repair of membrane repair, and higher leaf relative humidity under salt stress were observed. PGPR also improved seedling height, diameter, and fresh and dry weight under stress by 70%, 51.4%, 55%, and 109%, respectively, due to the stress-mitigating effects of P and Zn. In conclusion, it is predicted that there will be a need to develop fertilization programs containing different rhizobacteria and Zn+P combinations. These programs would activate the antioxidant mechanism in saline soils, stabilize physiological processes, and positively impact plant growth.
Mitigation of Flood Stress in Mazamort Pepper Variety through Manganese Application
Authors: Dere Sultan , Doğan Mehmet Emin
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mn application on the resistance of pepper plants exposed to flood stress. The study was conducted in a climate-controlled room at Siirt University, utilizing the Mazamort three-lobed pepper variety as plant material. In the climate chamber (19 m²), conditions were established at 24±1°C during the day and 18±1°C at night, with a light/dark photoperiod of 16/8 hours. The growing medium consisted of a 2:1 (v) mixture of peat and perlite. Four treatment groups were established: control, flood stress, 2.5 mg/L manganese (Mn), and flood stress combined with 2.5 mg/L Mn. Sixty-day-old Mazamort pepper plants were subjected to continuous flooding and manganese application at each watering. The duration of flood stress was set at 0 days (control) and 10 days. The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design with three replications, each containing 10 plants. Parameters evaluated at the end of the study included visual assessment, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf moisture content, root fresh and dry weight, root moisture content, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), ion leakage, relative water content (RWC), and turgor loss. The highest plant height was observed in the 2.5 mg/L manganese treatment (45.82 cm), while the greatest stem diameter was recorded in the control group. The highest leaf number (30.60) and SPAD value (35.34) were also noted in the control group. RWC was highest at 96.90% in the 2.5 mg/L manganese treatment. The maximum turgor loss was 5.606% in the control group, and the highest ion leakage (17.880%) was observed in the 2.5 mg/L manganese treatment. It was concluded that manganese application mitigated the negative effects of flood stress on various parameters; however, it did not fully restore the values to control group levels.
Verim ve Bazı Kalite Öğelerine Etkisi
Authors: Demir Yaman Büşra , Erdem Mazlum , Sönmez Fahri
Published: December 2024

Farklı dozlarda uygulanan azotun dört arpa çeşidinde tane verimi ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tokat’ta 2018-19 ve 2019-20 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Deneme planına göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yapılan bu araştırmada, dört farklı azot dozu (0, 3, 6, 9 ve 12 kg/da) ile Bolayır, Hasat, Hazar ve Ünver arpa çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada m2’deki başak sayısı, tane verimi, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, ham protein oranı ve tane irilik oranları incelenmiştir. Ortalamaların karşılaştırılmasında LSD testi kullanılmıştır.İklim faktörleri çeşitlerin incelenen özelliklerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Araştırmada, ham protein oranı (İlk yıl önemsiz) metrekaredeki başak sayısı, tane verimi, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane irilik oranı açısından çeşitler arasında farklar önemli bulunmuştur. Uygulanan azot genelde belli bir doza kadar tane verimini artırmış, fakat malt kalite özelliklerini düşürmüştür. Verim ve maltlık özelliği bakımından Bolayır, yemlik özelliği bakımından Ünver çeşidinin bölge için diğer çeşitlere göre daha iyi durumda oldukları belirlenmiştir. Malt özelliği bakımından 3 kg N/da dozunun yeterli olduğu, bununla beraber, en yüksek tane verimine sahip Bolayır ve Ünver çeşitlerinin yemlik olarak yetiştirilmesi durumunda 6 kg N/da dozunun uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Tane verimi ve maltlık özelliği bakımından Bolayır, yine verim ve yemlik özellik bakımından Ünver çeşidinin bölge için diğer çeşitlere göre daha uygun oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Agronomic Management of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.): A Review
Authors: Deb Babli Rani , Paul Swapan Kumar
Published: December 2024

The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a winter crop that can be cultivated as a versatile crop. It’s yield and quality being strongly influenced by environmental and agronomic factors, nutritional content, medicinal properties, and ability to fix nitrogen biologically. Therefore, to maximize advantages of faba bean cultivation, choosing the appropriate varieties, planting times, techniques, plant density, depth of sowing, and ensuring proper crop nutrients and irrigation is essential. For successful faba bean production in subtropical climates, it's important to assess the performance of different varieties under these specific conditions. Planting dates and soil temperature are crucial for germination, growth, and yield. At the same time, the crop's performance is also influenced by sowing methods, plant density, sowing depth, and water and fertilizer management. Integrating faba beans into cropping systems is expected to offer various ecological benefits. This paper reviews the existing literature on the agronomic practices of faba beans.
Sağlıklı Asma Fidanı Üretiminde Sıcak Su Uygulamaları
Authors: Kara Zeki , Fakhar Mohammed Salah Mohammednoori
Published: December 2024

Asmalarda gövde hastalıkları (AGH) arasında, Esca sendromu (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora ve Phaeoacremonium oleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola, Cylindrocarpon spp.), Petri hastalığı (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium spp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea ve Pleurostoma richardsiae), Siyah ayak (Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Campylocarpon, Cylindrocladiella veya Neonectria), Botryosphaeriae dieback (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum ve Botryosphaeria dothidea) Eutypa dieback, (Eutypa lata ve Diatrypaceae spp.) Phomopsis dieback, (Phomopsis viticola) yer almaktadır. AGH enfeksiyonları kısa veya uzun vadede asmaların ölümüne neden olur. Global ölçekte, bağcılığın sürdürülebilirliğini etkidiğinden ve tüm bağcı ülkelerde hızla yayıldığından, son otuz yıldır asmanın en yıkıcı hastalıkları olarak kabul edilmektedir. AGH’nın kontrolünde sıcak su uygulaması (SSU), tarım kimyasalları ve dezenfektanlar kullanılmaktadır. SSU′na genç asmalar, dinlenme halindeki aşı gözü veya anaç çelikleri, köklü veya aşılı köklü asma fidanları ve Vitis vinifera çeşitleri farklı düzeyde hassasiyet gösterebilirler. Bu hassasiyet çeliklerin veya fidanların büyüdüğü mevsim sıcaklıklarından etkilenebilir ve uygulanacak sıcaklık aralığı, kontrol edilecek patojenlere göre değişebilir. Asma çeliklerindeki AGH′nı baskılamak için çeşidine göre değişen aralıklarda SSU′ları (30-45 dakika süreyle 45-54°C) önerilmektedir. SSU, asma çoğaltma materyalleri ile taşınabilecek filoksera, nematod ve fitoplazma patojenleri için etkin bir kontrol yöntemidir. Kaliteli bir asma fidanı, sağlıklı, ismine doğru, iyi bir bitki formuna sahip, iyi kaynaşmış, virüsler ve patojenlerden arındırılmış, çevresel strese maruz kalmamış olmalıdır. Bu derlemede, asma çoğaltma materyallerinin patojenik bakteri, mantar, nematod, fitoplazma ve filoksera enfeksiyonlarının kontrolünde kullanılan SSU çalışmalarının bir özeti sunulmuştur.
Specific features in the translation of science fiction (as exemplified by the Italian translation of A. and B. Strugatskii’s short story “Forgotten Experiment”)
Authors: Vigna-Taglianti Jacopo
Published: December 2024

The paper examines specific features emerging in the translation of science-fiction works from Russian into Italian. The Italian translation of the short story “Forgotten Experiment” by A. N. and B. N. Strugatskii is used as an example. This short story was not selected randomly, but accurately chosen as the first work by the authors published in Italy in 1961. Some features were identified as specific of sci-fi translation. A certain similarity between sci-fi and technical translation can be observed, for example, in the use of scientific and pseudoscientific terminology, as well as original neologisms and occasionalisms, realia and irrealia (also defined as quasi- or pseudorealia). Other features should be considered too, such as rendering the authors' scientific and philosophical conceptions and writing style. The methods of contextual and comparative analysis were used to locate passages in the text that pose specific translation challenges, while the analysis of translation shifts allowed us to determine how the translator tried to overcome them. It should be noted that, despite the growing academic interest towards science fiction, the combination of Russian and Italian remains unexplored, thus substantiating the novelty of the current study. The results of the contextual and comparative analysis of the Italian translation of the short story “Forgotten Experiment” led us to the following conclusions: despite being made by an experienced translator of literary fiction and poetry such as Raissa Naldi, the translation under study cannot be considered adequate since it does not render properly the previously identified features of sci-fi translation. In particular, too many textual elements were omitted, the terminological system is not uniform, the scientific and philosophical conception and writing style are misrendered. This proves that such features should be taken into consideration when translating science fiction in order to obtain a satisfactory result.
Twenty-Four Years of Radiation Protection of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Authors: Wolk Scott J. , Aldcroft Thomas L. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Schwartz Daniel A. , O’Dell Stephen L. , Minow Joseph I. , Grant Catherine E. , Bautz Marshall W. , Viens Paul , Bissell Bradley
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the challenges and successes of radiation monitoring for the Chandra X-ray Observatory (Chandra). Now in operation for over 24 years, Chandra was originally designed with minimal concern for its space environment. However, just weeks into the mission, it was discovered that the charge-coupled devices on its primary detector were more vulnerable to radiation damage from low-energy (100–200 keV) protons than expected due to the ability of the Chandra mirrors to focus such protons. Its highly elliptical orbit, with a 63.5 h period, regularly takes the spacecraft through the Earth’s radiation belts, the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath, and into the solar wind. Therefore, proper radiation management has been a prime concern of the Chandra team. A comprehensive approach utilizing scheduled radiation safing, in addition to onboard autonomous radiation monitoring, manual intervention, and specific orbital modeling, has proved successful at managing further radiation damage. Owing to the tremendous success and long duration of the mission, there have been a series of challenges in all of these approaches as the orbit has evolved and as the availability of both onboard and independent space-based monitoring has changed.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Magnetically Suspended Square Cylinders with Low Fineness Ratio
Authors: Okuizumi Hiroyuki , Makino Rintaro , Horiguchi Masatoshi , Saito Yuji , Sawada Hideo , Konishi Yasufumi , Obayashi Shigeru , Asai Keisuke , Nonomura Taku
Published: December 2024

It is common that bluff bodies form complex wake structures and act on themselves with significant influence on aerodynamic forces. A square cylinder was studied as a typical model that makes complex flowfields. A magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS) was used to support the model with magnetic forces and eliminate the influence of mechanical supports on the flowfield of wind-tunnel testing. The aerodynamic forces and base pressure of the square cylinder models with fineness ratios (L/D) of 1.0, 1.2, 1.68, and 2.0 were measured using the MSBS. The employed Reynolds numbers were from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The drag coefficients were independent of the Reynolds number Re and could be divided into two regions between [Formula: see text] and 1.68. The base pressure coefficient decreased monotonically from 1.0 to 1.68. The drag did not significantly change for [Formula: see text] and 1.2 with angles of attack from -2 to 2 deg. In contrast, it quadratically increased from [Formula: see text] and 2.0. The lift–curve slopes were negative from [Formula: see text] to 1.2 and positive from [Formula: see text] to 2.0, confirming the reversal. The moment–curve slopes were negative for all fineness ratios. Notably, these changed linearly from [Formula: see text] to 1.2 and nonlinearly from [Formula: see text] to 2.0. The visualization test using the surface-oil-flow method revealed that the square cylinders had a reattachment position near [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. This suggests that the reversal of the lift–curve slope was caused by reattachment.
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Graph Convolutional Networks for Air Route Network Congestion Prediction
Authors: Yin Jiantang , Liu Jixin , Zeng Weili , Wei Wenbin , Tian Wen , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2024

High-precision air traffic congestion prediction is the basis for implementing refined traffic flow management. However, current prediction approaches are limited to fixed route topologies, neglecting the dynamic spatial dependencies caused by congestion propagation between routes. Additionally, these models do not adequately consider the varying importance of different routes and time points within the time series. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal dynamic graph convolutional network to simultaneously capture the static and dynamic spatial dependencies among air traffic routes. We construct two types of adjacency matrices based on the connections between routes: a static adjacency matrix and a dynamic adjacency matrix. The static adjacency matrix reflects the basic connections between routes, while the dynamic adjacency matrix captures the congestion influence from upstream to downstream routes at each time interval. In the model, these adjacency matrices are first processed through graph convolutional network layers, where a spatial attention mechanism assigns weights to different routes. The processed data are then fed into gated recurrent unit layers, utilizing a temporal attention mechanism to assign varying weights to congestion data at different time. Experiments were conducted on the air route network in Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area of China. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several existing approaches, particularly those using only static graph convolution methods.
Special Issue Introduction: Digital Technologies and the Advancement of Social Justice: A Framework and Agenda
Authors: Pang Min-Seok , Kankanhalli Atreyi , Aanestad Margunn , Ram Sudha , Maruping Likoebe M.
Published: December 2024

In this introduction to the special issue, we propose a framework for researching the interplay between digital technologies and social justice, which offers a unique and fruitful opportunity for information systems (IS) researchers to make contributions to theory and practice, with meaningful policy impacts. The framework draws upon prior definitions and typologies of social justice, previous IS research on social justice, and the studies included in this special issue. The framework positions digital technologies as playing key roles in revealing, orchestrating, enabling, and inhibiting social justice. We also propose theoretical arguments on how social justice phenomena can reshape the design of digital technologies and the manner in which they are used. We draw attention to the tensions that arise from the interplay between digital technologies and social justice and how digital technologies can be designed towards advancing social justice, urging future research to address these fundamental issues. Lastly, we chronicle how this special issue was developed and organized and what efforts we made towards a diversity of perspectives and the inclusion of a variety of voices in the special issue.
Обратная задача Штурма–Лиувилля и ее приложения к обратным задачам оптики слоистых покрытий
Authors: Тихонравов А.В. , Шкаликов А.А.
Published: December 2024

Показано значение результатов общей теории обратной задачи Штурма-Лиувилля для развития теории и численных методов решения обратных задач оптики слоистых покрытий. Дается краткий обзор наиболее эффективных методов проектирования оптических покрытий. Показывается, что с помощью развитых методов могут быть рассчитаны наиболее востребованные на практике типы покрытий с большим числом оптимизируемых параметров, а уникальные спектральные свойства этих покрытий достигаются на основе построенной теории.

The application of the results of the inverse Sturm–Liouville problem for the development of the theory and numerical methods for solving inverse problems in thin film optics is shown. A brief overview of the most effective methods for designing optical coatings is given. It is shown that with the help of developed methods the most demanding types of coatings with a large number of optimized parameters can be designed. The unique spectral properties of these coatings are achieved on the basis of the developed theory.