bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral efficiency of massive MIMO networks with pilot contamination and channel covariance matrix estimation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Wu Shangbin , Yu Shanshan , Liu Ju
Published: September 2018

This study addresses spectral efficiencies (SEs) in a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output cellular network with pilot contamination. Both uplink and downlink SEs are investigated with practical channel state information. A downlink precoder minimising signal detection error and power leakage with considerations on spatial correlation has been derived. Also, a low‐complexity covariance matrix estimation method has been proposed and compared with the existing estimation method in terms of normalised mean‐squared error. It has been demonstrated via simulations that both uplink and downlink SEs using the proposed covariance matrix estimation method can grow with the number of antennas even with a relatively small number of pilot symbols.
Adaptive protocol for full‐duplex two‐way systems with the buffer‐aided relaying
Authors: Anyugu Francis Lin Betene , Ye Xiangshen , Hao Shengqi
Published: September 2018

In this study, the authors explore two‐way relaying having a full‐duplex decode‐and‐forward relay with two finite buffers. Chiefly, they propose a novel adaptive protocol (that maximises the cumulative network throughput) based on the combination of the buffer states, lossy link, and the outage probability; a decision is generated as to whether it can transmit, receive or even simultaneously receive and transmit information. Towards this objective, first, based on the queue state transition and the outage probability, an analytic Markov chain model is proposed to analyse this scheme, and the throughput and queueing delay are derived. Second, they evaluate the performance of the throughput according to the variation of the self‐interference. The authors' numerical results reveal exciting insights. First, the adaptive protocol is optimal when the length of the buffer is superior to a certain threshold. Second, they demonstrate that the adaptive protocol can boost the transmission efficiency and prevent buffer overflow.
Active control method of large‐scale wind integrated power system with enhanced reactive power support for wind speed fluctuation
Authors: Ouyang Jinxin , Li Mengyang , Diao Yanbo , Tang Ting , Xie Qiyuan
Published: September 2018

A regional power grid containing high‐density wind power is generally connected to a load centre through long‐distance transmission lines. Voltage problems, caused by wind speed fluctuation, in the sending‐end grid have become increasingly serious. The variable speed wind turbine has been used to compensate the deficit in reactive power. However, the available methods could not meet the requirement because the controllable range of reactive power contributed by wind farms cannot be adjusted. A new idea of reactive power control realised by the active control before wind speed fluctuation was proposed to prevent the voltage variation. Firstly, the influence of wind speed fluctuation on voltage was analysed, and the power controllable range of wind turbines was studied. The principle and strategy of the active control of reactive power were proposed based on the model predictive control theory. Then, the active control model was established according to the system dynamic demand for reactive power. According to wind speed forecasting, the reactive control capability of wind turbine was excavated to meet the grid demand by adjusting active power before wind speed variation, and the reduced active power of wind farms is optimally compensated by thermal powers. Finally, the method was proven to solve voltage problems.
Improved schemes for traditional current‐based phase selectors in wind power systems
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Zhang Baohui , Wang Chenqing
Published: September 2018

This study shows that traditional current‐based phase‐selection (TCPS) schemes are not applicable to wind power systems, and subsequently proposes two improved phase‐selection schemes. On the basis of the practical TCPS criteria, derivations of the essential conditions for correct phase selection, which show that the positive‐to‐negative sequence current branch coefficient (PNSCBC) ratio at the relay location should be within a certain range, are presented. Wind power generation systems are weak‐infeed systems; consequently, the PNSCBC ratio on the wind power side is approximately equal to the negative‐to‐positive sequence impedance (NPSI) ratio of the wind power system. However, the authors’ theoretical and simulation analysis results show that the NPSI ratio of a wind power system may exceed the range required for reliable phase selection; therefore, TCPS schemes are not applicable to wind power systems. Thus, they propose improved phase‐selection schemes based on sequence current fault components and phase current difference fault components. In the proposed schemes, the PNSCBC ratio is obtained using the backside system impedance measured by the relay, and it is then used for compensating the TCPS criteria. Simulation results and field fault test data verify the efficacy of the proposed schemes.
Utilising reliability‐constrained optimisation approach to model microgrid operator and private investor participation in a planning horizon
Authors: Hosseinnia Hamed , Nazarpour Daryoush , Talavat Vahid
Published: September 2018

A huge motivation has recently made on microgrid (MG) financial issues, aimed to investigate the contribution of MG operator (MGO) and private investor to reach an optimal operational strategy. Motivating the private investors to contribute in an energy production, is a considering benefit sharing factor by MGO to satisfy both of MGO and private investor. In this study, a reliability‐constrained optimisation approach is presented to calculate the number and size of MG system components. To this aim, planning problem is solved in two cases; full available state and state with considering random outage of units. Furthermore, all uncertainties of generation units are considered in the problem formulation. Non‐sequential Monte Carlo method is used to generate all scenarios. The proposed model simultaneously optimises two objectives, namely the benefits of MGO. The two‐stage heuristic method is used to solve the objective function. In the first stage, by utilising genetic algorithm, the solution to form the Pareto optimal front is found. In the second stage, to select the trade‐off solution among obtained Pareto solutions, the fuzzy satisfying method has been used. Simulations are carried out in two cases, with and without considering the share of a private investor of MGO's benefit, i.e. β.
Vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication based on a peer‐to‐peer network with graph theory and consensus algorithm
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Li Huiyun
Published: September 2018

Vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication is an important part of the modern intelligent transportation system. Most of the existing vehicle networks are based on central structures, which are prone to single point of failures, and may consequently result in system paralysis. In order to increase the network fault tolerance and maintain the stability of the network system, the authors propose a vehicle network model based on the peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network. In this model, the base station and the roadside units will no longer be necessary facilities. The vehicles can be used as relays to directly participate in the exchange and transfer of information. The relay nodes (vehicles) are selected based on the degree distribution and the consensus algorithm. The real‐time capability, efficiency and cost effectiveness of the proposed P2P model is verified through experimental results.
Development of localisation and mapping software for autonomous cars
Authors: Jo Kichun , Sunwoo Myoungho
Published: September 2018

Autonomous car requires localisation and mapping capabilities to model the surrounding environment and to plan a safe and efficient route for the autonomous driving. Implementation of the localisation and mapping software depends on the type of sensors, map formats, computing environment, and processing algorithms. These dependencies make it difficult to extend, reuse, and maintain localisation and mapping software. The common software platform and software development guideline is a way to address the software dependency issues and to enhance the software reusability, scalability, maintainability, and transferability. Therefore, this study proposes a common software platform and implementation guidelines for localisation and mapping of autonomous cars. The common software platform for localisation and mapping is built on the philosophy of the AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR), which is a standard automotive software platform. The software development methodology of AUTOSAR applies to implementation guidelines of the localisation and mapping software. A graph structure of localisation and mapping is used to design the common software platform. The proposed common software platform and design methodology are evaluated using practical applications of localisation and mapping in a real autonomous car. The results show that the proposed platform and methodology are able to improve the reusability, scalability, maintainability, and transferability of the localisation and mapping software.
Multi‐model ensemble for short‐term traffic flow prediction under normal and abnormal conditions
Authors: Chen Xiqun (Michael) , Zhang Shuaichao , Li Li
Published: September 2018

Accurate traffic flow prediction under abnormal conditions, such as accidents, adverse weather, work zones, and holidays, is significant for proactive traffic control. Here, the authors focus on a special challenge of how to develop robust responsive algorithms and prediction models for short‐term traffic forecasting in different traffic conditions. To this end, this study presents an ensemble learning algorithm for the short‐term traffic flow prediction via the integration of gradient boosting regression trees (GBRT) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). Four different model structures whether considering the feature selection are proposed and tested for multi‐step‐ahead prediction under both normal and abnormal conditions. The results indicate that the proposed multi‐model ensemble models are superior to the benchmark algorithms, i.e., support vector regression, and random forests, the GBRT model outperforms the Lasso model under normal traffic conditions, and the Lasso model has a better prediction accuracy under abnormal traffic conditions. In addition, the Lasso model with the feature selection is superior to the full feature model under either normal or abnormal conditions, while the GBRT model is not always better under normal conditions. The proposed integration framework is general and flexible to assemble various traffic prediction algorithms.
Implementation and evaluation of cooperative adaptive cruise control functionalities
Authors: Meier Jan‐Niklas , Kailas Aravind , Adla Rawa , Bitar George , Moradi‐Pari Ehsan , Abuchaar Oubada , Ali Mahdi , Abubakr Maher , Deering Richard , Ibrahim Umair , Kelkar Paritosh , Vijaya Kumar Vivek , Parikh Jay , Rajab Samer , Sakakida Masafumi , Yamamoto Masashi
Published: September 2018

This study summarises the implementation of software system architecture and relevant modules to enable cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) functionalities as an extension of adaptive cruise control (ACC), thereby leveraging the lessons learned from prototype ACC vehicle testing as well as ideas from prior research. These activities were conducted in the United States under a cooperative agreement between the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners, LLC and the Federal Highway Administration. A key outcome of this project was to understand the implementation of advanced capabilities for the CACC algorithm in a very structured manner. With the introduction of each CACC module, the impacts on the behaviours of vehicles following in a string (or string stability) were quantified to establish potential performance enhancements to automated following systems.
Automatic measurement of the traffic sign with digital segmentation and recognition
Authors: Khalid Sara , Muhammad Nazeer , Sharif Muhammad
Published: September 2018

Traffic sign detection assists in driving by acquiring the temporal and spatial information of the potential signs for road awareness and safety. The purpose of conducting research on this topic is introduced to a novel and less complex algorithm that works for traffic signs identification, accurately. Initially, the authors estimate the global threshold value using the correlational property of the given image. In order to get red and blue traffic signs, a segmentation algorithm is developed using estimated threshold and morphological operations followed by an enhancement procedure, the net outcome of which is provided the greater number of potential signs. Moreover, remaining regions are filtered in terms of statistical measures using the non‐potential regions. Furthermore, detection is performed on the basis of histogram of oriented gradient features by employing the support vector machine (SVM)–K ‐nearest neighbour (KNN) classifier. The denoising approach with the weighted fusion of KNN and SVM is used in order to improve the performance of the proposed algorithm by reducing the false positive. A recognition phase is performed on the GTSRB data set in order to formulate the feature vector. The proposed method performed the significant recognition with an accuracy rate of 99.32%. It is quite comparable to the existing state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Evaluating resonances in PCSEL structures based on modal indices
Authors: Li Guangrui , Sarma Jayanta , Hogg Richard
Published: September 2018

The frequently sought after combination of characteristics in semiconductor lasers of high power together with narrow beam divergence and monochromatic output is usually difficult to attain. The photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL) is one category of device, however, which tends to provide the above‐mentioned desirable output features. The PCSEL uses a large area optically active surface but with a two‐dimensional periodic structure that enables it to generate high power in a narrow vertically emitted beam yet maintaining single wavelength operation. A primary requirement to model PCSELs is to obtain the optical field resonances that identify the lasing mode. This study presents an alternative method for evaluating the resonances, based essentially on the transfer‐matrix technique and wave propagation in multilayer medium, which is relatively easy to formulate, and has quite modest demands on computing requirements.
Extreme wind power forecast error analysis considering its application in day‐ahead reserve capacity planning
Authors: Zhang Fan , Qiao Ying , Lu Zongxiang
Published: September 2018

Accurate wind power forecasting is crucial for setting reserve dimensions of a power system. From the perspective of power grid dispatcher, one of the most critical issues of dealing with the uncertainty brought by wind power forecast error (WPFE) is to analyse its extreme value to decide the new reserve requirements induced by variable wind power. This study targets at predicting the daily maximum of day‐ahead WPFE via extreme value analysis approach considering its application of operating reserve planning. Non‐stationary block maxima method (NS‐BMM) is applied to model the probabilistic characteristic of daily maxima WPFE via fitting the non‐linear relationship between distribution parameters and the covariates. To better shape the non‐stationarity, a conditional NS‐BMM (CNS‐BMM) via partition according to wind conditions is proposed. Moreover, indicators to evaluate the quality of applying NS‐BMMs in the day‐ahead reserve plan are also discussed. Finally, a case study based on the operational data from a typical wind farm in northern China is carried out. Results show that CNS‐BMM offers a better model of daily maximum WPFE compared to not only traditional quantile regression but also non‐CNS‐BMM, and applying the estimate of daily maximum WPFE on reserve plan demonstrates an advantage over conventional three‐sigma method.
Waveform optimisation for unambiguous Doppler extension
Authors: Mao Zhineng , Wei Yinsheng
Published: September 2018

Coherent train of pulses can obtain high Doppler resolution, but leads to range and Doppler ambiguity. Thus, the staggered pulse repetition frequencies are presented to extend the unambiguous range or Doppler coverage. However, there are various disadvantages either in pulse‐to‐pulse stagger or block‐to‐block stagger. In this study, inspired by the Doppler compensation processing, a modified range Doppler (RD) processing method is proposed. Correspondingly, a waveform design scheme matching this method is also presented. The modified RD processing associated with the designed waveform can effectively solve the Doppler ambiguity problem. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the modified RD processing method and the designed waveform.
In‐flight RCS measurements of drones and birds at K‐band and W‐band
Authors: Rahman Samiur , Robertson Duncan Alexander
Published: September 2018

This study presents the in‐flight radar cross‐section (RCS) data of drones and birds at K‐band and W‐band obtained from extensive experimental trials. The focus of this study is to demonstrate the RCS characteristics of these targets in practical scenarios, hence experimental results are used exclusively. Owing to variations in orientation, aspect angle and target motion, the measured RCS values of these targets fluctuate significantly during their flight. Three very well‐calibrated frequency modulated continuous wave radar systems, one operating at the K‐band (24 GHz) and two at W‐band (94 GHz), have been used to collect data for RCS analysis. Three drones of different sizes (DJI Phantom 3 Standard, DJI Inspire 1 and DJI S900 Hexacopter) and four birds of prey of different sizes (Northern Hawk Owl, Harris Hawk, Indian Eagle Owl and Tawny Eagle) have been used for data collection. The results demonstrate that the RCS scales broadly with the size of the target, consistent with the optical scattering regime and that the RCS values for each target are comparable at the K‐band and the W‐band. The statistical distribution of RCS for each target falls within a certain range which is useful for predicting the performance of a drone detection radar.
Robust wideband beamforming method for linear frequency modulation signals based on digital dechirp processing
Authors: Li Weixing , Yang Jian , Zhang Yue , Lu Jian
Published: September 2018

This study presents a robust digital beamforming (DBF) method for wideband digital array radar, which uses linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms. Firstly, received signals are digitally dechirped, followed by narrowband filtering and decimation. Then the authors generate time‐variant factors to compensate phase perturbations induced by the dechirp processing. It is proved that the wideband LFM signals can be treated as narrowband signals after compensation. Finally, a robust adaptive narrowband DBF method based on uncertain set constraints and interference‐plus‐noise matrix reconstruction is applied to suppress the interferences. The proposed method is computationally efficient and feasible for real‐time applications. It behaves robustly in the presence of direction of arrival estimation errors across a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Preparation, characterisation and enhanced photocatalytic activities of Fe,F co‐doped TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Yu Zhuanni , Lan Jing , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2018

Fe,F co‐doped TiO2 nanotubes (Fe,F/TiO2 NTs) were synthesised by the combination of hydrothermal process and impregnation method. The structure and composition of prepared catalysts were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD results confirmed only the presence of the anatase phase in Fe,F/TiO2 NTs. Well‐defined TiO2 NTs with nearly uniform diameters could be seen from the TEM images. Also, the high‐resolution XPS spectra of Fe 2P and F 1s showed that Fe3+ and F− existed in TiO2 lattice and on the surface of TiO2, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of Fe/TiO2 NTs and Fe,F/TiO2 NTs with different Fe concentrations were evaluated by photo‐degrading aqueous methyl orange under visible light irradiation, and the results showed that the photoactivity of Fe and F co‐doped TiO2 NTs was enhanced obviously compared with Fe mono‐doped TiO2 NTs and the 0.5% Fe,F/TiO2 NTs presented the best photocatalytic performance.
Massive galaxies on the road to quenching: ALMA observations of powerful high redshift radio galaxies
Authors: Falkendal Theresa , De Breuck Carlos , Lehnert Matthew D. , Drouart Guillaume , Vernet Joël , Emonts Bjorn , Lee Minju , Nesvadba Nicole P. H. , Seymour Nick , Béthermin Matthieu , Kolwa Sthabile , Gullberg Bitten , Wylezalek Dominika
Published: September 2018

We present 0.″3 (band 6) and 1.″5 (band 3) ALMA observations of the (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission for 25 radio galaxies at 1 <  z <  5.2. Our survey reaches a rms flux density of ∼50 μJy in band 6 (200–250 GHz) and ∼20 μJy in band 3 (100–130 GHz). This is an order of magnitude deeper than single-dish 850 μm observations, and reaches fluxes where synchrotron and thermal dust emission are expected to be of the same order of magnitude. Combining our sensitive ALMA observations with low-resolution radio data from ATCA, higher resolution VLA data, and infrared photometry from Herschel and Spitzer, we have disentangled the synchrotron and thermal dust emission. We determine the star-formation rates and AGN infrared luminosities using our newly developed Multi-resolution and multi-object/origin spectral energy distribution fitting code (MR-MOOSE). We find that synchrotron emission contributes substantially at λ ∼ 1 mm. Through our sensitive flux limits and accounting for a contribution from synchrotron emission in the mm, we revise downward the median star-formation rate by a factor of seven compared to previous estimates based solely on Herschel and Spitzer data. The hosts of these radio-loud AGN appear predominantly below the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, indicating that the star formation in many of the host galaxies has been quenched. Future growth of the host galaxies without substantial black hole mass growth will be needed to bring these objects on the local relation between the supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. Given the mismatch in the timescales of any star formation that took place in the host galaxies and lifetime of the AGN, we hypothesize that a key role is played by star formation in depleting the gas before the action of the powerful radio jets quickly drives out the remaining gas. This positive feedback loop of efficient star formation rapidly consuming the gas coupled to the action of the radio jets in removing the residual gas is how massive galaxies are rapidly quenched.
Pulsierende Schröpftherapie bei Kniegelenkarthrose und Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Teut Michael , Ullmann Alexander , Kaiser Stefan , Binting Sylvia , Cree Margit , Brinkhaus Benno
Published: September 2018

Beim pulsierenden Schröpfen werden Schröpfköpfe lokal angesetzt und die Saugeffekte pulsierend durch eine verbundene Pumpe erzeugt. In 2 randomisierten Studien wurdediese Methode auf ihre Wirksamkeit bei Kniegelenksarthrose und chronischen Rückenschmerzen der Lendenwirbelsäule hin überprüft. In Vergleichen zu einer Kontrollgruppe, die nur Bedarfsmedikation erhielt, konnte2-mal Schröpfen pro Woche über einen Monat nach 4 und 12 Wochen Schmerzen lindern, Funktionen verbessern und die körperliche Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen steigern. Weitere, bestätigende Studien an größeren Patientenkollektiven und mit hochwertigen Methoden müssen folgen, um die Ergebnisse dieser Studien zu bestätigen.
The effect of prior treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with achalasia undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Liu Zu-Qiang , Li Quan-Lin , Chen Wei-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Cen , Wu Qiu-Ning , Cai Ming-Yan , Qin Wen-Zheng , Hu Jian-Wei , Zhang Yi-Qun , Xu Mei-Dong , Yao Li-Qing , Zhou Ping-Hong
Published: September 2018

Background Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a treatment option for patients with previous surgical or endoscopic treatment. We aimed to evaluate the influence of prior treatment on perioperative and follow-up outcomes in patients undergoing POEM.

Methods From August 2010 to December 2014, a total of 1384 patients with achalasia underwent POEM at our center. We retrospectively reviewed 849 patients who completed follow-up. Patients with an Eckardt score ≥ 4 after POEM were considered to have a clinical failure. We compared variables between patients with and without prior treatment. We analyzed risk factors for perioperative major adverse events, and clinical reﬂux and failure during follow-up. 

Results 245 patients (28.9 %) had undergone prior treatment, and 34 patients (4.0 %) experienced a major adverse event associated with the POEM procedure. During a median follow-up of 23 months (range 1 – 71), clinical reflux occurred in 203 patients (23.9 %) and clinical failure was recorded for 94 patients (11.1 %). Patients with prior treatment had a longer procedure duration (P = 0.001) and longer hospital stay after POEM (P = 0.001). Prior treatment was not an independent risk factor for major adverse events or clinical reflux (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, P = 0.65; OR 1.26, P = 0.19; logistic regression), but it did increase the rate of clinical failure during follow-up (hazard ratio 1.90, P = 0.002; Cox regression).

Conclusions POEM was performed safely with a low rate of major adverse events in patients with achalasia who had undergone prior surgical or endoscopic treatment. However, prior treatment increased the risk of clinical failure after POEM.
SGLT-2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors as Second-Line Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Wang Keke , Zhang Yansong , Zhao Chunyang , Jiang Mingyan
Published: September 2018

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are both novel and second-line therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no well-rounded comparison of these two drugs has been published. Upon searching randomized controlled trials in databases from inception to July 2018, we collected studies on the efficacy or safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors compared with those of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 12 randomized controlled studies including 4342 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors achieved greater reductions in HbA1c (SMD –0.22; 95% CI: –0.30, –0.14; p=0.000) and fasting plasma glucose (SMD –0.48; 95% CI: –0.56, –0.41; p=0.000). In addition, these reductions increased with a prolonged treatment duration from 12 to 78 weeks. Geographically, significant reductions of SGLT-2 inhibitors in HbA1c and FPG were found in North America and Europe, but not in Asia. Furthermore, SGLT-2 inhibitors showed greater reductions in body weight (SMD −0.72; 95% CI: –0.81, –0.63; p=0.000) from baseline, with an increased incidence of genital infections (OR 4.49; 95% CI: 2.96, 6.83; p=0.000) and pollakiuria (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.79; p=0.037) and a decreased incidence of hypertension and hyperglycemia. Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that compared to DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on HbA1c, FPG, body weight, SBP, DBP, and HDL-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and a higher incidence of genital infections and pollakiuria.
Allograft Reconstruction of the Knee—Methods and Outcomes
Authors: Temple H.
Published: September 2018

Although allograft usage has decreased over the past three decades in favor of segmental metal implants, they still have an important role in the reconstruction of large osteochondral defects following tumor resection. The decline of allografts in limb salvage is multifactorial and includes limited availability, technical difficulty, increased rates of infection and fracture, and unpredictable results. There are circumstances where allograft transplantation is useful around the knee resulting in improved function, bone and joint preservation, and acceptable long-term outcomes.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Wrong Side Implant
Authors: Alanazi Hassan , Alahmari Mousa , Hashem Musaab , Alqahtani Muath , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Alenazi Bashir
Published: September 2018

We report a unique wrong implant error during bilateral total knee replacement procedure in 72-year-old woman with bilateral knee osteoarthritis that failed conservative treatment. Patient has severe bilateral knee pain. Examination showed full range of motion. X-ray showed severe bilateral tricompartmental osteoarthritis. Patient underwent surgery in 2013; postoperative radiographs showed well-fixed femoral, tibial, and patellar components but right femoral implant was placed in the left knee. Postoperative examination showed painless full range of motion. One similar case report found describing wrong-site femoral component that ended with symptomatic. In our case, no complications were observed.
Nondegeneracy of the traveling lump solution to the 2 + 1 Toda lattice
Authors: Liu Yong , Wei Juncheng
Published: September 2018

The 2 + 1 elliptic Toda lattice has a traveling wave type solution Qn satisfying Qn+1(x,y)=Qn(x+122,y). This solution is analogous to the lump solution of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP)-I equation. We prove that {Qn} is nondegenerate in the sense that the corresponding linearized Toda lattice operator has no nontrivial kernel.
A curious observation of Pauli-Blocking in MoS2-quantum dots/graphene hybrid system
Authors: Nemoori Amulya , Mishra Himanshu , Singh Vijay Kumar , Shukla P. K. , Srivastava Anchal , Pandey Amritanshu
Published: September 2018

In this study, Pauli-Blocking has been observed in a 0D/2D MoS2 quantum dots/graphene (MoS2-QDs/graphene) hybrid system. For the observation of room temperature Pauli-Blocking in the 0D/2D system, a photodetector device based on n-type MoS2-QDs and CVD grown graphene has been fabricated using a facile and lithography free technique. The current-voltage characteristics of the device have been performed at room temperature. The fabricated device shows a negative response under visible light (λ ∼ 400 to 700 nm) illumination. The dark to photo current ratio of the device shows variation up to two orders of magnitude. This negative response, which results decrease in current under visible light illumination, may be attributed to the Pauli-Blocking due to high absorbance of photon energy in visible light range. Furthermore, it is believed that the present study may provide an insight into understanding the Pauli-Blocking in 0D/2D hybrid system at room temperature.
Communication: State-to-state inelastic scattering of interstellar O2 with H2
Authors: Bishwakarma Chandan Kumar , van Oevelen George , Scheidsbach Roy , Parker David H. , Kalugina Yulia , Lique François
Published: September 2018

Molecular oxygen (O2) is predicted to be a major reservoir of elemental oxygen in dense interstellar molecular clouds. However, the abundance of O2 derived from astronomical observations is much lower than expected. Solving the discrepancies between models and observations requires a review of the chemistry and collisional excitation of O2 in space. In particular, O2–H2 collisions are crucial to derive O2 abundance in space from the interstellar spectra. A crossed molecular beam experiment to probe the rotational excitation of O2 due to H2 collisions at energies of 650 cm−1 is reported. Velocity map imaging was combined with state-selective detection of O2(X3Σg−) by (2 + 1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. The obtained raw O2+ images were corrected from density to flux and the differential cross sections (DCSs) were then extracted. Exact quantum mechanical calculations were also performed. Very good agreement between experimental and theoretical DCSs was found. The agreement demonstrates our ability to determine inelastic processes between O2 molecules and H2 both theoretically and experimentally and that the excitation of O2 in the interstellar medium can be correctly modeled. Consequences on the astrophysical modeling are briefly evaluated.
Coulomb log for conductivity of dense plasmas
Authors: Starrett C. E.
Published: September 2018

The Coulomb log (log Λ) approximation is widely used to approximate electron transport coefficients in dense plasmas. It is a classical approximation to the momentum transport cross section. The accuracy of this approximation for electrical conductivity in dense plasmas is assessed by comparing to fully quantum mechanical calculations for realistic scattering potentials. It is found that the classical approximation is accurate to ±10% when log Λ > 3, irrespective of the plasma species. The thermodynamic regime (density and temperature) for which log Λ > 3 corresponds to does, however, strongly depend on the material. For increasing Z, log Λ is greater than 3 for increasingly high temperatures and lower densities.
Theoretical simulations reveal a path forward for antiferromagnetic artificial neurons
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2018

Numerical simulations show that a hypothetical device capable of acting as a full adder circuit forms dynamic memory loops and operates millions of times faster than biological counterparts.
The rusty-margined guan (Penelope superciliaris) in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest: density, population size, activity and habitat use
Authors: Pereira-Ribeiro Juliane , Colombo Ferreguetti Átilla , Tomas Walfrido Moraes , Bergallo Helena Godoy , Duarte Rocha Carlos Frederico , Brooks Daniel M.
Published: September 2018

Context Population estimation and monitoring are important tools for the support of programs and actions of conservation for most wildlife species, including birds. For validation of such support, a set of reliable, consistent and comparable parameter estimates is essential (through systematic monitoring over time), in addition to studies on ecological aspects of the species. Aims In this study, our aim was to analyse the population of Penelope superciliaris in the Vale Natural Reserve (VNR), located in north-eastern Espírito Santo, Brazil, providing estimates of density, population size and activity. We also analysed occupancy and detectability of the species, relating them to six covariates (distance from forest edge, water and road, as well as poaching intensity, canopy cover and understorey cover) based on previous knowledge of the ecology of rusty-margined guan. Methods We used line-transect surveys to estimate density and abundance, and camera traps to estimate habitat use by P. superciliaris, using the occupancy modelling approach. Key results Estimated density for P. superciliaris was 2.5 ± 1.0 groups per km2 with a group size of 6.0 ± 2.0 individuals, and estimated population size for the entire VNR was 3544 ± 495 individuals. Occupancy by P. superciliaris was best described by three covariates: (1) distance to road; (2) distance to water; and (3) poaching intensity. Detectability was affected by two covariates: (1) understorey cover; and (2) poaching intensity. Conclusions Our results provide the first information on density, habitat use and activity of P. superciliaris in the VNR. We concluded that P. superciliaris is active diurnally, especially during morning and late afternoon, prefers areas near water sources in denser forests and tends to avoid areas with habitat modification and intense poaching activity. Implications Our data highlight the impact of poaching on the species and can be useful as a baseline for future studies and Cracid conservation plans.
La traduction institutionnelle européenne, naturalisation ou droit d’asile ?
Authors: Vieilledent-Monfort Catherine
Published: September 2018

La production normative et politique multilingue des institutions fait parfois doublement figure de paradigme de la traduction :
d’une part parce qu’elle est d’abord une traduction juridique, d’autre part parce qu’elle porte la
complexité à son paroxysme. Le traducteur dans les institutions européennes est l’agent nécessaire d’un discours qui porte
ses effets juridiques dans les vingt-quatre langues officielles. La réalité est que nombre de présupposés sur l’activité traduisante
sont mis à mal dans ce contexte.

A la Commission, tout commence avec un document de travail, le plus souvent en langue anglaise, qui est dit « original » mais dont
l’état final n’est garanti qu’au terme d’un parcours complexe. La volonté du législateur, équivalent à un
« vouloir dire » de l’autorité publique européenne, est le fruit de compromis entre services et avec les parties concernées,
rediscutés à plusieurs étapes clés entre les institutions. L’original monolingue n’aide guère à retrouver cette intention
initiale : dans le processus interinstitutionnel, le multilinguisme nous rappelle que le centre est partout.

La traduction institutionnelle, processus au cœur de la rédaction législative, doit en outre trouver un destinataire : les concepts-clés,
souvent des néologismes visant à créer une réalité juridique et politique nouvelle, sont reconstruits dans la langue cible mais
l’équivalence est parfois hors d’atteinte, voire indésirable. Chaque langue a ses solutions pour accueillir cette réalité
langagière nouvelle qui n’est parfois pas assimilable lexicalement et dont le statut reste, par nécessité, proche du droit
d’asile.
Academics as mediators between languages and cultures in higher-education settings
Authors: Durmuşoğlu Köse Gül , Gülmüş Zehra , Gümüş Volga Yılmaz , Eren Gamze
Published: September 2018

Intercultural and multilingual communication has become a necessity for all institutions in the age of globalization and transculturation. Higher-education institutions are no exceptions to this, mainly due to increasing contact with universities and other institutions at the international level, student and teaching staff mobility, and exchange of knowledge and experience. Intercultural communication in universities includes not only national cultures of respective parties, but also educational and even legal cultures. Higher-education institutions are required to manage multilingual and intercultural communication effectively, undoubtedly with the help of translation. Today, in most higher-education institutions in Turkey, academics employed in foreign-language departments are responsible for translation work, i.e. intercultural communication. This paper mainly focuses on the role of academics as translators in the management of intercultural communication in higher-education settings. The paper first draws attention to the increasing need for intercultural and multilingual communication in higher education. It then explores the translator’s role, power, responsibility and limitations in achieving intercultural communication in higher-education institutions.
Communication technique et complexité dans un monde en mutation
Authors: Minacori Patricia
Published: September 2018

Dans le cadre du colloque « Traduire, écrire, réécrire », la notion d’écriture et plus précisément de rédaction a retenu notre attention. Il est en effet un métier peu connu en France, la rédaction technique aussi dénommée communication technique. Ce métier a vu le jour aux Etats-Unis et les formations sont nombreuses Outre-Atlantique, car de nombreux départements d’anglais ont une composante de communication technique. Il n’en va pas de même en France. Nous allons, dans un premier temps donner une définition de ce métier multifacette, puis nous détaillerons la formation et la recherche dans ce domaine à l’Université Paris Diderot. Notre participation à un projet européen de référentiel de compétences dans ce secteur va aussi permettre à des universités européennes de développer des programmes de formation dans ce secteur. Enfin, nous illustrerons par des exemples de projets de collaboration à distance que nous menons avec des universités américaines et européennes, dans quelle mesure les métiers de la communication technique et de la traduction sont contigus. En effet, la chaîne documentaire part toujours d’un document technique conçu par des communicateurs techniques, puis en bout de chaîne viennent les traducteurs/localisateurs. Il est donc d’une importance primordiale que ces acteurs puissent mieux comprendre les métiers des uns et des autres, pour enrichir leur collaboration.
Adaptor functions of the Ca2+-binding protein ALG-2 in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Shibata Hideki
Published: September 2018

Apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2) is a Ca2+-binding protein with five repetitive EF-hand motifs, named penta-EF-hand (PEF) domain. It interacts with various target proteins and functions as a Ca2+-dependent adaptor in diverse cellular activities. In the cytoplasm, ALG-2 is predominantly localized to a specialized region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), called the ER exit site (ERES), through its interaction with Sec31A. Sec31A is an outer coat protein of coat protein complex II (COPII) and is recruited from the cytosol to the ERES to form COPII-coated transport vesicles. I will overview current knowledge of the physiological significance of ALG-2 in regulating ERES localization of Sec31A and the following adaptor functions of ALG-2, including bridging Sec31A and annexin A11 to stabilize Sec31A at the ERES, polymerizing the Trk-fused gene (TFG) product, and linking MAPK1-interacting and spindle stabilizing (MISS)-like (MISSL) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) to promote anterograde transport from the ER.
3. The rise of “modern” childhoods
Authors: Marten James
Published: September 2018

By the end of the nineteenth century Americans and western Europeans had arrived at a specific definition of a “modern” childhood, in which children could expect a number of things: that their childhood and youth would extend through adolescence, that their schooling would extend beyond a basic education, that many of their families’ social and economic resources would be devoted to their happiness and nurturing, and that they would increasingly be integrated into the developing consumer culture. “The rise of ‘modern’ childhoods” outlines the impact of the slave economy and colonization on childhood, working children and child exploitation during the industrial revolution, and how access to education became one of the hallmarks of a “modern” childhood.
5. The century of the child and beyond
Authors: Marten James
Published: September 2018

The 1989 Convention of the Rights of the Child, issued by the United Nations, provided a far more detailed and supposedly binding set of conditions and rights than the 1924 Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which would define childhood globally. And yet the dying and injustice and exploitation continue. “The century of the child and beyond” considers the impact of war and conflict on children; the creation of global agencies and organizations designed to provide aid to and advocate for children; health, poverty, and quality of life; child labor and slavery; changes and challenges in education; modern forms of families; and the globalization of children’s culture.
African Politics: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Taylor Ian
Published: September 2018

African Politics: A Very Short Introduction explores how politics is practised on the African continent, providing an overview of the different states and their systems. It considers the nature of the state in sub-Saharan Africa and why its state structures are generally weaker than elsewhere in the world. Exploring the historical and contemporary factors that account for Africa’s underdevelopment, it also analyses why some African countries suffer from high levels of political violence while others are spared. Unveiling the ways in which African state and society actually function beyond the formal institutional façade, this VSI discusses how external factors—both inherited and contemporary—act upon the continent.
8. Democracy in Africa
Authors: Taylor Ian
Published: September 2018

Modern Africa’s first formalized liberal democracies came with various legislatures left behind by the colonialists. Yet soon after independence, most new African leaders enforced their own imprints on the states, restructuring, even abolishing, the various institutions they controlled, suggesting them to be colonial burdens inappropriate for African conditions. One-party systems of government became the norm. ‘Democracy in Africa’ discusses the wave of democratization beginning in the 1990s and the introduction of multiparty elections. The quality of Africa’s democracies is, however, uneven; despite political changes, the entrenchment of democratic values remains shallow and compromised. However, some progress has been made: around one-quarter of African states are now ‘free’.
What sociology is not
Authors: Bruce Steve
Published: September 2018

‘What sociology is not’ considers how sociology should differ from related and apparently similar enterprises. Although sociology owes much to reformers and many sociologists derive their research interests from their moral and political engagement with the world, sociology must be distinguished from social reform. The problems of partisanship and relativism are discussed along with how social theory and sects within sociology can threaten the discipline. Sociology must be empirical, and in asserting that it must be a social science we must bear in mind the advantages and disadvantages that come from the discipline’s odd subject matter: ourselves. Common sense provides the best warrant for the possibility of social science.
Current Activities of the Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups
Authors: Bertagnolli Monica M , Blaney Susan M , Blanke Charles D , Curran Walter J , Dancey Janet , Mannel Robert S , O’Dwyer Peter J , Schnall Mitchell D , Wolmark Norman ,   Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups
Published: September 2018

The Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups is an organization representing the interests of patients and researchers who conduct research through the National Cancer Institute-supported National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN). The NCTN provides a crucial mechanism for executing practice-changing cancer clinical research to achieve both cancer control and development of new therapeutic agents or modality approaches. Public funding, largely through the National Cancer Institute, ensures that the work of the NCTN achieves important research that would not otherwise be accomplished in the private sector. In fall 2017, the Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups convened a Scientific Leadership Council to review the current state of the network with regard to research capabilities and to develop a list of research questions to be prioritized by the network. This report presents the results of this meeting, detailing a roadmap for future work by the NCTN.