bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Health or Sufficient Capability in Economic Evaluation? A Methodological Experiment of Treatment for Drug Addiction
Authors: Goranitis Ilias , Coast Joanna , Day Ed , Copello Alex , Freemantle Nick , Frew Emma
Published: November 2016

Conventional practice within the United Kingdom and beyond is to conduct economic evaluations with “health” as evaluative space and “health maximization” as the decision-making rule. However, there is increasing recognition that this evaluative framework may not always be appropriate, and this is particularly the case within public health and social care contexts. This article presents a methodological case study designed to explore the impact of changing the evaluative space within an economic evaluation from health to capability well-being and the decision-making rule from health maximization to the maximization of sufficient capability. Capability well-being is an evaluative space grounded on Amartya Sen’s capability approach and assesses well-being based on individuals’ ability to do and be the things they value in life. Sufficient capability is an egalitarian approach to decision making that aims to ensure everyone in society achieves a normatively sufficient level of capability well-being. The case study is treatment for drug addiction, and the cost-effectiveness of 2 psychological interventions relative to usual care is assessed using data from a pilot trial. Analyses are undertaken from a health care and a government perspective. For the purpose of the study, quality-adjusted life years (measured using the EQ-5D-5L) and years of full capability equivalent and years of sufficient capability equivalent (both measured using the ICECAP-A [ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults]) are estimated. The study concludes that different evaluative spaces and decision-making rules have the potential to offer opposing treatment recommendations. The implications for policy makers are discussed.
Suicidal thinking and behaviour as of 600 BCE (Aesop’s fables)
Authors: Davis Julian , Money Tammie T , Pridmore Saxby
Published: November 2016

Objective:

Psychiatry has ignored history, anthropology, sociology and literature in the search for enlightenment regarding suicide. Our objective was to determine what, if anything, Aesop’s fables had to teach us about suicide in around 600 BCE. Aesop’s account is around two centuries older than the oldest text (Herodotus: The histories) previously examined by our group.

Method:

We examined two translations of Aesop’s fables, seeking accounts fitting the following categories: (1) suicidal thinking, (2) suicidal behaviour without fatal consequences, and (3) suicidal behaviour with fatal consequences.

Results:

One account fitting each of these categories was identified. The triggers were: (i) self-doubt and criticism, (ii) unpleasant predicament (constant fear), and (iii) inescapable physical pain.

Conclusion:

Evidence indicates that around 600 BCE, suicide was practised as a means of coping with self-doubt and criticism, unpleasant predicaments and inescapable physical pain. Recent scientific evidence confirms these observations.
Incidence Rate and Patterns of Physical Restraint Use Among Adult Patients in Malaysia
Authors: Eskandari Fatemeh , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Zainal Nor Zuraida , Wong Li Ping
Published: November 2016

Incidence rate and patterns of physical restraint use were examined based on a cross-sectional study in 22 wards of a large teaching hospital in Malaysia. Results indicated that the highest rate of physical restraint (19.7%) was reported from neurology–neurosurgery wards. “Un-cooperative for electroconvulsive therapy” and “trying to pull out catheters” were the most commonly reported reasons to use restraint in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards, respectively. There were some relationships between patterns of physical restraint in this study. Exploring the incidence rate and patterns of physical restraint is important so that effective strategies can be formulated to minimize using restraint in hospitals.
“Family Support Would Have Been Like Amazing”
Authors: Roe Stuart
Published: November 2016

This qualitative study examines gay and bisexual adolescent experiences with parental and family support using a phenomenological inquiry approach. Four themes related to peer support emerged from the data including (1) coming out was necessary; (2) initial reactions of parents are most often not positive; (3) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth view religion as a barrier to support from parents; and (4) LGBTQ youth want explicit support from parents and family members. Implications for counselors working with parents, families, and individuals are discussed.
Prevention of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions in women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Jerzak Katarzyna J , Deghan Manshadi Shaidah , Ng Pamela , Maganti Manjula , McCuaig Jeanna M , Bulter Marcus , Oza Amit , Mackay Helen J
Published: November 2016

Background

Carboplatin-based chemotherapy offers high response rates and improved overall survival for women with epithelial ovarian cancer, but its use is limited by the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic diphenhydramine for hypersensitivity reaction prevention, we reviewed the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and identified patients at high risk of hypersensitivity reactions.

Methods

Women receiving ≥6 cycles of carboplatin-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer were identified from our institutional database at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Institutional policy was changed in 2009 to introduce diphenhydramine prophylaxis for patients receiving ≥6 cycles of carboplatin. Additional clinical data were abstracted from the patient record.

Results

Between 2006 and 2012, 450 women received ≥6 cycles of carboplatin-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Two hundred and ninety-one women received prophylaxis with diphenhydramine. Carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 41 of 449 patients (9%). Univariable predictors of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions included administration of 8 to 10 cycles of carboplatin, history of other drug allergies and a platinum-free interval >12 months. BRCA mutational status was not predictive. In a multivariable analysis, the number of cycles of carboplatin and a platinum-free interval >12 months were independent predictors of hypersensitivity reactions. There was a trend towards diphenhydramine prophylaxis reducing the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in women with a platinum-free interval compared to continuous delivery; this was most marked when the platinum-free interval was >12 months (n = 64) (OR: 0.2 (95% CI: 0.046–0.83), p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The administration of diphenhydramine to women who have a platinum-free interval may reduce the risk of hypersensitivity reaction, but prospective evaluation is required.
Mobile orientations: An autoethnography of Tunisian professional boyfriends
Authors: Mai Nicola
Published: November 2016

Ahmed is a young man working as a ‘professional boyfriend’ in the intimate economy surrounding the tourist industry in Sousse, one of Tunisia’s main tourist destinations on the Mediterranean coast. He and most of his friends and colleagues are also harraga, ‘burners’ in Arabic, a term describing young men burning their documents and yearning for Europe. By performing love to female tourists and by migrating as their spouses, young men in Tunisia embody late modern individualized and consumerist lifestyles, while providing for their families at home. They also embody their ‘mobile orientations’, a term I coined to refer to how migrants inhabit a desired subjectivity by entering the socially available arrangements of objects, discourses, mobilities and affective practices enabling their agency. For Ahmed and his peer group migration is not a possibility, but an existential necessity to become successful men according to the values set by the neoliberal social ontology. By analysing the forms of intimate labour and the mobile orientations they engage in, I problematize the presumption of exploitability of local people within public and academic debates about ‘sex tourism’. In this article I discuss the heuristic opportunities and predicaments posed by my auto ethnographic experience as a tourist who became an ethnographer and filmmaker. I also reflect on the choices I made while analyzing my ethnographic findings and editing my filmed material during post-fieldwork reflections.
Featured Article: Transcriptional landscape analysis identifies differently expressed genes involved in follicle-stimulating hormone induced postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Maasalu Katre , Laius Ott , Zhytnik Lidiia , Kõks Sulev , Prans Ele , Reimann Ene , Märtson Aare
Published: November 2016

Osteoporosis is a disorder associated with bone tissue reorganization, bone mass, and mineral density. Osteoporosis can severely affect postmenopausal women, causing bone fragility and osteoporotic fractures. The aim of the current study was to compare blood mRNA profiles of postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis, with the aim of finding different gene expressions and thus targets for future osteoporosis biomarker studies. Our study consisted of transcriptome analysis of whole blood serum from 12 elderly female osteoporotic patients and 12 non-osteoporotic elderly female controls. The transcriptome analysis was performed with RNA sequencing technology. For data analysis, the edgeR package of R Bioconductor was used. Two hundred and fourteen genes were expressed differently in osteoporotic compared with non-osteoporotic patients. Statistical analysis revealed 20 differently expressed genes with a false discovery rate of less than 1.47 × 10−4 among osteoporotic patients. The expression of 10 genes were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated. Further statistical analysis identified a potential osteoporosis mRNA biomarker pattern consisting of six genes: CACNA1G, ALG13, SBK1, GGT7, MBNL3, and RIOK3. Functional ingenuity pathway analysis identified the strongest candidate genes with regard to potential involvement in a follicle-stimulating hormone activated network of increased osteoclast activity and hypogonadal bone loss. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study may contribute to future research of postmenopausal osteoporosis blood biomarkers.
Playing a Better Me: How Players Rehearse Their Ethos via Moral Choices
Authors: Consalvo Mia , Busch Thorsten , Jong Carolyn
Published: November 2016

This article is an exploration of players’ understandings of games that offer moral dilemmas in order to explore player choice in tandem with game mechanics. We investigate how game structures, including the presence of choice, a game’s length, and avatar presentation, push players in particular ways and also how players use those systems for their own ends. We explore how players “rehearse their ethos” through gameplay and how they are continually pushing back against the magic circle. It is based on two-dozen semi-structured interviews with players conducted in 2012. It illustrates that there are no clear-cut answers—game structures, including narratives, character designs, length, or save systems, can push players to act in certain ways that may or may not align with their own beliefs and goals.
Predicting Women’s Utilization of Primary Care Mental Health Services in Mexico City
Authors: Mendoza Karla , Ulloa Arianna , Saavedra Nayelhi , Galván Jorge , Berenzon Shoshana
Published: November 2016

Objective: To analyze factors associated with and predicting Mexican women seeking primary care mental health services (PCMHS) and provide suggestions to increase PCMHS utilization. Method: We administered a questionnaire to (N = 456) female patients in Mexico City primary care clinics. We conducted chi-square analyses of seeking PCMHS and sociodemographic variables, perceptions of and experiences with PCMHS. Our results and literature review guided our logistic regression model. Results: Women referred to a mental health provider (MHP; odds ratio [OR] = 10.81, 95% CI = 3.59-32.51), whose coping mechanisms included talking to a MHP (OR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.10-14.53), whose primary worry is loneliness (OR = 8.15, 95% CI = 1.20-55.10), and those who follow doctor’s orders; were more likely to seek PCMHS (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.92). Conclusions: Primary care providers play a fundamental role in women’s decisions to seek PCMHS. Proper referrals to PCMHS should be encouraged.
A Qualitative Assessment of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Tjong Vehniah K. , Cogan Charles J. , Riederman Brett D. , Terry Michael A.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is known to produce excellent outcomes, yet some patients do not return to their preinjury level of sport participation. Much literature on return to sport has revolved around anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and even shoulder instability, but none to date have used qualitative, semistructured patient interviews on patients with hip labral tears.

Purpose:

To understand the factors influencing the decision to return to sport after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

An experienced interviewer conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews of patients aged 18 to 60 years who had arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI. All had preinjury participation in sport and a minimum 2-year follow-up with no revision surgery. Qualitative analysis was then performed to derive codes, categories, and themes. An assessment of preinjury and current sports participation by type, level of competition, and frequency along with patient-reported hip function was also obtained. In addition, current modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score–sports-specific subscale (HOS-SSS), and a coping mechanism evaluation (Brief COPE) were also recorded.

Results:

A total of 23 patients were interviewed to reveal the overarching themes of internal motivation, external encouragement, and resetting expectations as the predominant factors influencing a patient’s decision to return to preinjury sport. Subjective outcome measurements (mHHS, iHOT-12, patient satisfaction) showed significant differences between patients who did and did not return to sport. Interestingly, the adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms matched and supported our themes in those patients who described fear and self-motivation as defining features influencing their cessation of or return to play, respectively.

Conclusion:

Self-motivation, aging, pain, encouragement from others, and adapting to physical limitations can largely affect a patient’s decision to return to sport after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI. Innate coping mechanisms may also help to predict the course of and subsequently aid in a patient’s postoperative recovery.
Breathe Easy at Home
Authors: Rosofsky Anna , Reid Margaret , Sandel Megan , Zielenbach Molly , Murphy Johnna , Scammell Madeleine K.
Published: November 2016

The Breathe Easy at Home Program enables clinicians to refer asthmatic patients to Boston Inspectional Services Department (ISD) if they suspect housing conditions trigger symptoms. The authors conducted one-on-one interviews with clinicians ( n = 10) who referred patients, and focus groups with inspectors from the ISD ( n = 9) and a variety of stakeholders ( n = 13), to gain insight into program function and implementation. Clinician interviews revealed inconsistencies in enrollment approaches, dissatisfaction with the web-based system, and patient follow-up difficulties. Inspectors identified barriers to working effectively with residents and landlords, and the stakeholder focus group highlighted successes of an unusual institutional collaboration. Interviews and focus groups identified strong and personal rapport between clinicians, inspectors, and patients as key to program retention, and that participating families required additional support throughout the process. Despite recommendations for improvement in program implementation, clinicians, inspectors, and stakeholders felt that the program overall improved both the home environment and asthma outcomes.
Expressions of the CagA protein and CagA-signaling molecules predict Helicobacter pylori dependence of early-stage gastric DLBCL
Authors: Kuo Sung-Hsin , Chen Li-Tzong , Lin Chung-Wu , Yeh Kun-Huei , Shun Chia-Tung , Tzeng Yi-Shin , Liou Jyh-Ming , Wu Ming-Shiang , Hsu Ping-Ning , Cheng Ann-Lii
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Expression of CagA and CagA-signaling molecules p-SHP2 and p-ERK is associated with HP dependence of gastric DLBCL. CagA is associated with the direct lymphomagenic effect of HP on B cells of HP-dependent gastric DLBCL.
How I treat bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Williams Kirsten M.
Published: November 2016

In past years, a diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) conferred nearly universal mortality secondary to lack of consensus for diagnostic criteria, poorly understood disease pathogenesis, and very few studies of therapeutic or supportive care interventions. Recently, however, progress has been made in these areas: revised consensus diagnostic guidelines are now available, supportive care has improved, there is greater understanding of potential mechanisms of disease, and prospective trials are being conducted. This article describes these advances and provides suggestions to optimize therapy for patients with BOS after HCT.
CCL2 is a KIT D816V–dependent modulator of the bone marrow microenvironment in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Greiner Georg , Witzeneder Nadine , Berger Angelika , Schmetterer Klaus , Eisenwort Gregor , Schiefer Ana-Iris , Roos Simone , Popow-Kraupp Theresia , Müllauer Leonhard , Zuber Johannes , Sexl Veronika , Kenner Lukas , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Valent Peter , Mayerhofer Matthias , Hoermann Gregor
Published: November 2016

Key Points

CCL2 is a KIT D816V–induced cytokine targeting microenvironmental cells in mastocytosis in vitro and in vivo. Serum levels of CCL2 in patients with mastocytosis correlate with advanced disease and poor survival.
Investigating the Role of an Inquiry-Based Biology Lab Course on Student Attitudes and Views toward Science
Authors: Jeffery Erica , Nomme Kathy , Deane Thomas , Pollock Carol , Birol Gülnur
Published: November 2016

Students’ academic experiences can influence their conceptualization of science. In contrast experts hold particular beliefs, perceptions, opinions, and attitudes about science that are often absent in first-year undergraduate students. Shifts toward more expert-like attitudes and views have been linked to improved student engagement, critical-thinking ability, conceptual understanding, and academic performance. In this study, we investigate shifts in attitudes and views toward science by students in four biology classes with differences in student enrollment, academic support, and instruction. We observe significant, positive effects of enrollment in a guided-inquiry lab course and academic performance on the percentage of expert-like student attitudes and views at the end of term. We also identify variation in two aspects of student attitudes and views: 1) confidence and interest and 2) understanding and acceptance. In particular, enrollment in the lab course boosts student confidence and interest in scientific inquiry in the short term, even for students with low academic performance or little English-language experience. Our results suggest that low-performing students in particular may require additional opportunities for experiential learning or greater academic support to develop expert-like perceptions of biology as a science.
Scientific Process Flowchart Assessment (SPFA): A Method for Evaluating Changes in Understanding and Visualization of the Scientific Process in a Multidisciplinary Student Population
Authors: Wilson Kristy J. , Rigakos Bessie
Published: November 2016

The scientific process is nonlinear, unpredictable, and ongoing. Assessing the nature of science is difficult with methods that rely on Likert-scale or multiple-choice questions. This study evaluated conceptions about the scientific process using student-created visual representations that we term “flowcharts.” The methodology, Scientific Process Flowchart Assessment (SPFA), consisted of a prompt and rubric that was designed to assess students’ understanding of the scientific process. Forty flowcharts representing a multidisciplinary group without intervention and 26 flowcharts representing pre- and postinstruction were evaluated over five dimensions: connections, experimental design, reasons for doing science, nature of science, and interconnectivity. Pre to post flowcharts showed a statistically significant improvement in the number of items and ratings for the dimensions. Comparison of the terms used and connections between terms on student flowcharts revealed an enhanced and more nuanced understanding of the scientific process, especially in the areas of application to society and communication within the scientific community. We propose that SPFA can be used in a variety of circumstances, including in the determination of what curricula or interventions would be useful in a course or program, in the assessment of curriculum, or in the evaluation of students performing research projects.
Options for Online Undergraduate Courses in Biology at American Colleges and Universities
Authors: Varty Alison K.
Published: November 2016

I aimed to document the online undergraduate course supply in biology to evaluate how well biology educators are serving the diverse and growing population of online students. I documented online biology course offerings in the 2015–2016 academic year at 96 American colleges and universities. I quantified differences in variety, extent, and availability of courses offered by different kinds of academic institutions and characterized 149 online biology courses offered. Although there was no relationship between an institution’s enrollment size and any measure of its online biology offerings, I found significantly more online biology course options at 2-year public compared with 4-year public and 4-year private schools. Courses offered for nonmajors, including students pursuing healthcare-related degrees, were three times as common as those intended for biology majors, who were more likely to be offered hybrid courses with face-to-face laboratories. These data indicate some deficiencies in online biology course options; options for students majoring in biology are limited at all types of institutions examined with a minority of 4-year institutions having any online options in biology. Significant investment of institutional resources in faculty training and technological support are necessary to develop online biology courses that will benefit a larger student population.
Validation and Application of the Survey of Teaching Beliefs and Practices for Undergraduates (STEP-U): Identifying Factors Associated with Valuing Important Workplace Skills among Biology Students
Authors: Marbach-Ad Gili , Rietschel Carly , Thompson Katerina V.
Published: November 2016

We present a novel assessment tool for measuring biology students’ values and experiences across their undergraduate degree program. Our Survey of Teaching Beliefs and Practices for Undergraduates (STEP-U) assesses the extent to which students value skills needed for the workplace (e.g., ability to work in groups) and their experiences with teaching practices purported to promote such skills (e.g., group work). The survey was validated through factor analyses in a large sample of biology seniors (n = 1389) and through response process analyses (five interviewees). The STEP-U skills items were characterized by two underlying factors: retention (e.g., memorization) and transfer (e.g., knowledge application). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine relationships between classroom experiences, values, and student characteristics (e.g., gender, cumulative grade point average [GPA], and research experience). Student demographic and experiential factors predicted the extent to which students valued particular skills. Students with lower GPAs valued retention skills more than those with higher GPAs. Students with research experience placed greater value on scientific writing and interdisciplinary understanding. Greater experience with specific teaching practices was associated with valuing the corresponding skills more highly. The STEP-U can provide feedback vital for designing curricula that better prepare students for their intended postgraduate careers.
Allopurinol as add-on treatment for mania symptoms in bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Bartoli Francesco , Crocamo Cristina , Clerici Massimo , Carrà Giuseppe
Published: November 2016

Background

Since bipolar disorder seems to be associated with purinergic system dysfunction, allopurinol might be effective in treating symptoms of mania.

Aims

To estimate the efficacy and tolerability of allopurinol as adjunctive treatment for mania symptoms in people with bipolar affective disorder.

Method

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of adjunctive allopurinol and placebo on mania symptom changes.

Results

Five RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Participants with allopurinol augmentation had a significantly greater decrease in mania symptoms than those with placebo (SMD= −0.34, P = 0.007), especially in people with the most severe forms of mania. Remission rates, although based on only two studies (n = 177), were significantly higher among individuals receiving allopurinol, whereas for discontinuation and side-effects no difference was found.

Conclusions

Our finding of a small to moderate effect size and overall low evidence for add-on allopurinol in reducing mania symptoms indicate that its use in routine practice needs further elucidation.
A Real-Time Decision Support System for Anesthesiologist End-of-Shift Relief
Authors: Wax David B. , McCormick Patrick J.
Published: November 2016

A decision support system using recent data about work hours and real-time data about relief events was developed to guide anesthesiologist end-of-shift relief decisions in an effort to promote a relief order that prioritized relief for those who had recently worked later than others. After system implementation, there were fewer deviations from this idealized order of relief, and early relief was more evenly distributed.
The Association Between Cyanosis and Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Children With Congenital Heart Defects: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Laskine-Holland Marie-Laure , Kahr Walter H. A. , Crawford-Lean Lynn , Humpl Tilman , Honjo Osami , Foreman Celeste , Jain Mehr , O’Leary James D.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) have quantitative and qualitative differences in coagulation compared with healthy children. Secondary to polycythemia and increased deformability of red blood cells, cyanosis may be an important confounding factor for altered whole-blood coagulation in this population with potential implications for interpreting intraoperative thromboelastometry (TEM) for children with CHD undergoing major surgery. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the association between cyanosis in children with CHD and measures of whole-blood coagulation determined using TEM (ROTEM [Tem International, GmbH, Munich, Germany]).

METHODS:

In this retrospective cohort study, children who underwent congenital cardiac surgery in a 12-month period between April 2014 and 2015 were investigated. Children who were receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications in the preoperative period were excluded. Eligible children were categorized by the presence of cyanosis, defined as an oxyhemoglobin concentration ≤85%. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between cyanosis and TEM outcomes (primary outcome, fibrinogen/fibrin polymerization [FibTEM] maximal clot firmness [MCF]) adjusting for potential confounding factors.

RESULTS:

Three hundred forty-five TEM profiles from 320 children were included in the cohort for analysis. Twenty-two percent (76/345) of children had cyanotic CHD. Clot firmness measured using the FibTEM assay was decreased in cyanotic children compared with noncyanotic children, median difference (95% confidence interval) interim [2 (0–3) mm; P = .01], and maximal [2 (1–3) mm; P = .01] clot firmness. The association between cyanosis and fibrinogen/fibrin polymerization clot firmness was not significant (A10, P = .7; MCF, P = .7) after adjusting for confounding factors (hematocrit, platelet count, and sex). There was a significant association between cyanosis and intrinsically activated clot firmness (A10, P = .03; MCF, P = .02), but not other TEM outcomes, after adjusting for confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Cyanotic children had decreased clot firmness in the fibrinogen/fibrin polymerization component of the clot compared with noncyanotic children, but the association between cyanosis and clot firmness was accounted for by differences in hematocrit, platelet count, and sex between groups. These findings will help guide the identification and treatment of coagulopathy in this vulnerable population.
Perforating the nuclear boundary – how nuclear pore complexes assemble
Authors: Weberruss Marion , Antonin Wolfram
Published: November 2016

The nucleus is enclosed by the nuclear envelope, a double membrane which creates a selective barrier between the cytoplasm and the nuclear interior. Its barrier and transport characteristics are determined by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that are embedded within the nuclear envelope, and control molecular exchange between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. In this Commentary, we discuss the biogenesis of these huge protein assemblies from approximately one thousand individual proteins. We will summarize current knowledge about distinct assembly modes in animal cells that are characteristic for different cell cycle phases and their regulation.
How cells respond to environmental cues – insights from bio-functionalized substrates
Authors: Ruprecht Verena , Monzo Pascale , Ravasio Andrea , Yue Zhang , Makhija Ekta , Strale Pierre Olivier , Gauthier Nils , Shivashankar G. V. , Studer Vincent , Albiges-Rizo Corinne , Viasnoff Virgile
Published: November 2016

Biomimetic materials have long been the (he)art of bioengineering. They usually aim at mimicking in vivo conditions to allow in vitro culture, differentiation and expansion of cells. The past decade has witnessed a considerable amount of progress in soft lithography, bio-inspired micro-fabrication and biochemistry, allowing the design of sophisticated and physiologically relevant micro- and nano-environments. These systems now provide an exquisite toolbox with which we can control a large set of physicochemical environmental parameters that determine cell behavior. Bio-functionalized surfaces have evolved from simple protein-coated solid surfaces or cellular extracts into nano-textured 3D surfaces with controlled rheological and topographical properties. The mechanobiological molecular processes by which cells interact and sense their environment can now be unambiguously understood down to the single-molecule level. This Commentary highlights recent successful examples where bio-functionalized substrates have contributed in raising and answering new questions in the area of extracellular matrix sensing by cells, cell–cell adhesion and cell migration. The use, the availability, the impact and the challenges of such approaches in the field of biology are discussed.
Dimension reduction of Malaria Box data allows efficient compound prioritization
Authors: Singh Gajinder Pal
Published: November 2016

Background: New anti-malarial drugs are needed to meet the challenge of artemisinin resistance and to achieve malaria elimination and eradication. The new anti-malarial compounds are expected to have many desirable properties, such as activity against multiple stages of Plasmodium, low host cytotoxicity, and low propensity for resistance development, but whether and how these properties might be linked to each other is not clear. A better understanding of the relationship between activities of compounds against different stages of Plasmodium could help in the development of strategies to prioritize compounds with maximum potential for further development. Methods: We utilized the large amount of data that has recently been generated on 400 anti-malarial Malaria Box compounds and performed statistical analyses, such as rank correlation, hierarchical clustering, and principal-component analyses, to test associations between activities against different stages of Plasmodium, other pathogens, and human cells. Results: We found significant positive correlations between the activities of compounds against different stages of Plasmodium. Our results also show toxicity associated with assays conducted at higher compound concentrations. Principal-component analyses (PCA) of the data allowed differentiation of Plasmodium-specific activity from general toxicity and predicted success in in vitro evolution of resistance. We found that a single principal-component can capture most of the desirable properties of Malaria Box compounds and can be used to rank compounds from most desirable to least desirable activity-profile. Conclusions: Here, we provide a systematic strategy to prioritize Malaria Box compounds for further development. This approach may be applied for prioritization of anti-malarial compounds in general.
Superstition and Financial Decision Making
Authors: Hirshleifer David , Jian Ming , Zhang Huai
Published: November 2016

In Chinese culture, certain digits are lucky and others unlucky. We test how such numerological superstition affects financial decision in the China initial public offering (IPO) market. We find that the frequency of lucky numerical stock listing codes exceeds what would be expected by chance. Also consistent with superstition effects, newly listed firms with lucky listing codes experience inferior post-IPO abnormal returns. Further tests suggest that our conclusions are not driven by endogeneity.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
The support worker's role in equality, diversity and inclusion
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: November 2016

In this article, the author will be discussing the importance of equality, diversity and inclusion, and how support workers can promote these values within their care delivery.

The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ) clearly states the importance of equality, diversity and inclusion, and the relevant clauses of the Code will be identified and discussed. The two key pieces of legislation, the Equality Act 2010 ( Ministry of Justice, 2010 ) and the Human Rights Act 1998 ( Ministry of Justice, 1998 ) will be discussed, identifying how these apply to the support worker's role.

Where discrimination is occurring, the support worker will need to have the courage to speak out and challenge this bad and unlawful practice.

Through promoting equality, diversity and inclusion, the support worker will be delivering care of the highest quality, as well as demonstrating respect and dignity to service users, their families and to colleagues.
Medicines optimisation in respiratory medicine
Authors: J Scott Stephen
Published: November 2016

The respiratory formulary prescription cost (net ingredient) accounts for around 12% of the total cost of all prescriptions of £8.82 billion in England. In the current climate it is essential to ensure that medication is prescribed appropriately so that patients benefit from their medication and are not prescribed medication that is unlikely to benefit them, thereby reducing medicines waste. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two areas of respiratory disease that affect significant numbers of the population (5.4 million and 1.2 million people in the UK respectively). Strategies to improve medicines optimisation in respiratory disease can potentially have huge implications both in terms of improving quality of life for patients and costs. Medicines optimisation is defined as ‘a person-centred approach to safe and effective medicines use to ensure people obtain the best possible outcomes from their medicines’. It is clear with the prevalence of respiratory disease and its significant impact on the healthcare budget through prescribing that medicines optimisation is an essential consideration for those commissioning and responsible for designing services.
Using humour as therapy in clinical practice
Authors: Behi Ruhi
Published: November 2016

With all the doom and gloom around in the media, I believe a positive, optimistic, and opportunistic approach to nursing is long overdue. A time of change is perceived by most as threatening; only a few see it as a time of opportunity. The darkened glass of insecurity clouds the latent positive therapeutic possibilities, both for patients and professionals.
Suction therapy in the critically ill patient
Authors: Ashurst Stephen
Published: November 2016

Caring for patients with inefficient airway function who need suctioning requires a great deal of nursing skill. This article outlines the methods of suction therapy currently available, the role of research in improving clinical practice and the way in which new technology may be used to benefit both patient and nurse.
Preoperative fasting of patients undergoing elective surgery
Authors: Hung Philip
Published: November 2016

Preoperative fasting regimens tend to be based in ritualistic practice causing physical and psychological harm to patients. This research study investigates current nursing practice and concludes that it must be research based.
New Code of Professional Conduct: how it affects you
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Revising the Code of Professional Conduct (UKCC, 1984) has many similarities to the difficulties involved in revising or tampering with the Lord's Prayer. There are those who like the version they grew up with and therefore do not wish to see it changed. On the other hand, there are others who are more radical and responsive to current trends and wish to change with the times.
Accountability in principle and in practice
Authors: Pyne Reg
Published: November 2016

The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) has again declared its position on the subject of accountability by publishing the third edition of its Code of Professional Conduct for the Nurse, Midwife and Health Visitor and a new The Scope of Professional Practice. This article examines what these documents mean for professional nursing practice.
Analysis of training needs of qualified nurse practitioners
Authors: Sheperd John
Published: November 2016

Training needs analysis is essential in the development of continuing education programmes. This article outlines a study that attempts to identify a systematic approach to the assessment of training needs of qualified nurse practitioners within three separate health authorities.
Wound care: how well do you dress?
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

When my 12-year-old child falls over and grazes herself, like many other children of a similar age she demands a plaster. Usually, the more severe the wound looks, the higher the expectation of a fancy dressing. This curious observation leads me to wonder how relevant such an early experience is to expectations in later life.
How to choose the right applicant
Authors: Fish Jane
Published: November 2016

Appointing staff to a post is a complex process for nurse managers. The cost of failing to select the best person can be high. Careful preparation on the interviewer's part is essential if the selection process is to be effective.
Healthcare in an Indian hospital
Authors: Biley Francis
Published: November 2016

The Hospicio Hospital of Margoa provides a vast array of services that cater for diverse healthcare needs. This article describes what it is like to nurse in an Indian hospital.
Book reviews
Authors: McCollum Jean , Davison Peter , Marriott Janet D , Wilkinson Chris , Notter Joy , MacAlister Lynn , Sheehan Antony
Published: November 2016

Emergency Nursing Review

Keane's Essentials of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd edn)

Budgeting Concepts for Nurse Managers (2nd edn)

Quick ECG Interpretation: Nurse's Ready Reference

The Sleep Book for Tired Parents

Challenges in Caring: Explorations in Nursing and Ethics

Basic Family Therapy (3rd edn)
PREP: gaining momentum or slowing down?
Authors: Castledinc George
Published: November 2016

Having got their fingers burnt over the costing of Project 2000 the Government is being more cautious with post-registration nursing education this time. It has decided not to fund the proposals — including at least 5 days study every 3 years for each registered practitioner — until more precise and accurate figures have been produced.
Management of lymphoedema: a community-based approach
Authors: Williams Angela Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Lymphoedema causes considerable physical, emotional and social problems. This article describes the establishment of a community lymphoedema service in one district health authority. The proposal won the Queen's Nursing Institute Innovation Award in 1991. A second article will review the first year of the clinical service.
Chronic fatigue syndrome: cause, controversy and care
Authors: Hooge Jean
Published: November 2016

There is much controversy as to whether chronic fatigue syndrome is a physical or a psychological illness. This article reviews the literature, explains where nursing stands in the controversy and makes suggestions for nursing care.
Models of psychiatric consultation liaison nursing
Authors: Tunmore Robert , Thomas Ben
Published: November 2016

Recent developments in healthcare legislation have caused nurses to examine new and innovative styles of practice. Psychiatric consultation liaison nursing promotes collaboration among healthcare practitioners, raises standards of patient care and strengthens rather than negates the traditional role of the mental health nurse.
Physical examination and historytaking skills in a prostate clinic
Authors: Wareing Mark
Published: November 2016

The proliferation of nurstHed Initiatives arising from nurse specialist/practitioner posts In urology Is reflected In areas such as the management of bladder cancer, erectile dysfunction, stoma care, and prostate disease. The establishment of the role of urology specialist nurse In one North Oxfordshlre hospital led to the development of a nurstHed prostate assessment clinic for male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms arising from benign prostatic hyperplasia. A description of how training was conducted, and the subsequent reappraisal of competency, Is given In relation to physical examination and history-taking skills necessary for the development of this Initiative.
Measured improvement in rate of healing of venous ulceration
Authors: Goldman Robert J , Franklin Deborah , Brewley Barbara I , Salcido Richard
Published: November 2016

This case study describes a pivotal Intervention associated with Improved wound appearance and healing rate In a young, active woman with extensive venous stasis ulcers. These extensive ulcerations were heavily exudative and covered by a layer of yellow eschar. Yellow eschar and drainage were successfully managed with a capillary dressing (Vacutex), which promoted therapeutic compression as applied by standard dressings. This case provides data In favour of wound care protocols featuring Vacutex, specifically designed to address the consequences that wound drainage and eschar have In dramatically large venous stasis ulcers.
Transcultural nursing: how do nurses respond to cultural needs?
Authors: Narayanasamy Aru
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to explore how nurses responded to the cultural needs of their clients. From the transcultural point of view, healthcare providers must deliver a service that Is culturally sensitive and appropriate. However, for a variety of reasons, there Is growing concem that the cultural healthcare needs of minority ethnic groups are not met adequately. This study was done to outline nurses' activity In transcultural care. Empirical data were obtained from a sample of registered nurses (n = 126) who were invited to complete questionnaires pertaining to cultural care. As a result of data analysis, the quantitative findings are presented as tables and the qualitative data as categories and themes. The findings suggest that most respondents felt that patients' cultural needs should be given consideration. Cultural aspects of care seem to be a feature of the overall nursing picture within a multicultural context of health care. Many participants claimed that they responded to the cultural needs of patients. Some felt that patients' cultural needs are adequately met; such needs are perceived as religious practices, diets, communication, dying, prayer and culture. Furthermore, a slgnlflcant number of respondents suggested that they would like further education In meeting the cultural needs of their patients. This study offers some InSights Into transcultural healthcare practice and, In accordance with the findings, Identlfles strategies for Improving these practices for nursing and nurse education.
Drift and Evolutionary Forces
Authors: Luque Victor
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the view of evolutionary theory as a theory of forces. The analogy with Newtonian mechanics has been challenged due to the mismatch between drift and the other evolutionary forces. Genetic drift and its lack of direction has done that several authors tried to minimize or to protect its status as a force. I argue that the attempts to maintain drift as a force, in a strong manner, are not fully successful. I also show how historical and theoretical reasons explain why the Newtonian analogy arose, insofar as it is helpful in revealing the causal structure of evolutionary theory.
Interview - Human Trafficking in Brazil: Between crime-based and human rights-based governance
Authors: V. de Castilho Ela Wiecko
Published: November 2016

This interview with Ela Wiecko V. de Castilho, Vice-Prosecutor General of the Republic in Brazil, looks at the development of anti-trafficking law and agendas since Brazil’s ratification of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol). Castilho looks at how the externally-imposed concept of anti-trafficking gained momentum in the country and details debates and tensions in the subsequent development of national policy. Brazilian criminal law has significant conceptual differences with the Trafficking Protocol, particularly around consent and internal trafficking. Castilho discusses unresolved issues on rights of sex workers and migrants and points to a data collection methodology that was recently established and will allow for analysis of whether victims’ situations meet the international definition of human trafficking. If they do not, she suggests that this definition may not need to be maintained in Brazil.