bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibility of Decrease in a Level of Data Correlation During Processing Small Samples Using Neural Networks by Generating New Statistic Tests
Authors: Ivanov A I , Bannykh A G , Lozhnikov P S , Sulavko A E , Inivatov D P
Published: May 2020

Statistic tests created in the 20th century may be mapped with some equivalent artificial neurons. As a result, a network of dozens of artificial neurons that combines dozens of known statistic tests may be used for the validation of the normality hypothesis. The quality of solutions made by a neural network depends on a number of used neurons (tests). This tendency gives rise to the task of creating new statistic tests (neurons) that first and foremost require low correlation of their decision with known tests. The paper presents a forecast of attainable confidential probabilities for the validation of the normality hypothesis for a small sample of 21 tests in a network consisting of 21 artificial neurons, where each one is mapped with one traditional statistic test. When new tests are used (that should be created in the 21st century), the correlation of data is expected to lower by far, which should allow an approximately 10-fold decrease in a number of error probabilities.
Influence of parameters of adaptive control system on vibratory drilling efficiency
Authors: Ivanov I I , Larkin A A , Pleshcheev I I
Published: May 2020

One of the necessary conditions of ensuring the quality of deep hole drilling during manufacturing pieces from hard-to-machine metals is chip control. It can be ensured by applying harmonic oscillations to a drill bit in the direction of rotation axis. One possible way of maintaining such vibrations is to use a vibratory drilling head which contains an elastic element. This element allows axial displacements of the tool. If stiffness of the elastic element and the machining parameters are chosen correctly, self-actuating of axial vibrations of a drill bit in compliance with regenerative effect may occur. It is advisable to add control response, which is determined in the feedback loop, to this mechanism because of the significant damping in the cutting zone. The control response maintains the required process characteristics to ensure chip control. The algorithm of vibratory drilling dynamics adaptive control has been examined in this paper. The additional impact, which is proportional to axial speed of the drill bit, is supposed to be made on the vibration system according to this algorithm. The feedback gain is determined in the adaptation loop comparing the current value of peak-to-peak displacement and its target value. The dynamics modeling of closed loop non-linear system “elastic system-machining process-control system” has been carried out. The graphs of vibratory drilling integral characteristics plotted against processing characteristics and vibratory head parameters have been presented in this paper. These graphs are based on the multivariant modeling. The influence of the adaptation algorithm parameters on the quality of vibratory processing has been also studied.
Construction of hybrid intellectual monitoring and decision-making systems
Authors: Juraev Z Sh , Muhamediyeva D T , Sotvoldiev D M
Published: May 2020

The development of algorithms for constructing hybrid intelligent monitoring and decision-making systems, optimization of problem solving with fuzzy initial information, analysis of the correspondence model of complex difficult to formalize processes is considered. The main difference between the proposed development and the traditional ones is the use of modern intelligent information technologies for the development of algorithmic tools for constructing hybrid intelligent monitoring and decision-making systems.
Interpolation of experimental values for working parameters of a construction machine in the data space of an arbitrary dimensionality
Authors: Korytov M S , Shcherbakov V S , Titenko V V , Pochekuyeva I E
Published: May 2020

A technique has been developed for interpolating the experimentally obtained scattered data using radial basis functions, which can be used to study the constraints of kinematic, power, energy, economic and other parameters in construction, road and hoisting-and-transport machines, as well as their working patterns. The technique consisting of two computational steps arranged as two separate algorithms allows the design and machine working process parameters to be optimised. The technique can be used for the range of machine parameters with an arbitrarily large dimensionality. For the first time, detailed block diagrams of algorithms are presented for interpolating scattered data using radial basis functions. At the first stage, the weighting factor determination is performed for the radial basis function method in each experimental point of scattered data. The second stage involves the actual interpolation or extrapolation of the function value at a given point with arbitrary coordinates. The developed methodology allows rigid interpolation of scattered data, such as the field experiment values of various working parameters for the construction, road, hoisting-and-transport machines and their design parameters. The data space dimensionality for the experimental points is unlimited and can be arbitrarily large.
Application of the theory of fuzzy sets for a qualitative analysis of mathematical models
Authors: Muhamediyeva D T
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the estimation of fuzzy regression parameters when specifying various membership functions, since the effectiveness of the least squares method dramatically reduces when a number of prerequisites for its use are violated, in particular, when the sample being processed contains observations that are poorly consistent with the others. In these cases, one can use estimation methods that are less sensitive than the least squares method to specification errors and allow one to obtain so-called fuzzy estimates. Among such methods is the method of smallest modules, the implementation of which leads to the problem of linear programming.
Elementary classes of graphs in a language without equality predicate
Authors: Remeslennikov Vladimir N. , Treier Alexander V.
Published: May 2020

In this paper we describe equivalence classes generated by finite graphs in the graph theory language without equality predicate. These classes coincide with classes of so called hard extensions of graphs.
A generic algorithm for the identity problem in finite groups and monoids
Authors: Rybalov Alexander
Published: May 2020

Kapovich, Myasnikov, Schupp and Shpilrain in 2003 developed generic approach to algorithmic problems, which considers an algorithmic problem on “most” of the inputs instead of the entire domain and ignores it on the rest of inputs. This approach can be applied to algorithmic problems, which are hard in the classical sense. The problem of checking identities in algebraic structures is the one of the most fundamental problem in algebra. For finite algebraic structures this problem can be decidable in polynomial time, or hard (co-NP-complete). In this paper we present a generic polynomial algorithm for the identity problem in all finite groups and monoids with elements of period greater than 1. The work is supported by Mathematical Center in Akademgorodok, the agreement with Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation number 075-15-2019-1613.
A neural network model for short-term PV - energy forecasting
Authors: Tyunkov D A , Gritsay A S , Rodionov V S , Sapilova A A , Blokhin A V , Paltseva N A
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, energy consumption in the world is growing becomes relevant to solve the problem of replacing traditional sources with alternative ones. The solution to this problem is impossible without preliminary forecasting of energy production by alternative sources. In this paper, we consider the problem of solving the problem forecasting electric energy by solar power plants, considering the influence of external factors (weather conditions) using a model implemented on the basis a neural network.
Representation of data analysis results in multidimensional parameter space
Authors: Zykin Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

In data analysis, presenting the boundaries between the classes of objects is considered a minor issue in most cases. However, the subsequent use of the analysis results (for example, in diagnostic tasks or in the acquisition of the necessary object properties by controlling the parameters) should be based on the boundaries delineation and the accuracy of their description. This underlines the need to develop and use universal methods for presenting the data analysis results. This paper considers the data model for applied decision support systems, in which one of the components is graphic data, i.e. domains in multidimensional space, bounded by general surfaces. A mathematical model is proposed, which outlines the range of possible graphic applications rather strictly. The paper proposes a meaningful approach to describing the boundaries delineation error. The material considered can serve as a basis for technology of data analysis results storage and use.
Silicon dioxide films prepared by the sol-gel method for use in elements of microsystem technique
Authors: Kozlov A G , Filonina E V
Published: May 2020

Silicon dioxide films prepared by the sol-gel method from a solution based on tetraethoxysilane by spin-coating and subsequent thermal annealing in the temperature range from 200 to 600 °C are considered. The transmission spectra of the pure and impregnated with methyl orange silicon dioxide films are studied. It was found that the transmission of the all films depends on the annealing temperature and the impregnated films have the lower transmission than the pure ones. Studying the transmission difference between the pure and impregnated films in the band at 464 nm, corresponding to the highest absorption of methyl orange, it was determined that films annealed at 400 °C have the highest porosity.
Systems of vibration isolators based on elements with linear characteristics
Authors: Balakin P D , Dyundik O S , Zgonnik I P
Published: May 2020

Actual problems are applied issues that are related to vibration isolation of machine assemblies and operator seats in machines. The publication presents some technical solutions of vibration isolator systems. These systems are simple in design and include elastic elements with a linear stiffness characteristic, but with a special arrangement to the vibration displacements of the protected object. In systems of vibration isolators “with leap” in a specific range the effect of quasi-zero stiffness of the support is realized with an ideal vibration isolation of the object. Technological and universal technical solution for the vibration-isolating seat of transport machine operator is described in the publication.
Formation of the soil foundation for the open storage areas
Authors: Gruzin A V , Gruzin V V , Esbergenov K B
Published: May 2020

Precompaction of soil and construction materials used as the open storage areas foundations makes it possible to increase their bearing capacity. It ensures the stability of the material assets stacks of the foundation soil and their safety during the standard storage period. The research objective is to select and provide a theoretical basis to the technology of constructing the material assets open storage areas foundations. The design of the open storage area foundation and the operating element of its construction are proposed. Theoretical dependences describing the influence of the operating element design parameters on the characteristics of the soil foundation compaction are obtained. The analysis of the obtained dependencies makes it possible to define the operating element design parameters rational values for the particular soil conditions of the material assets open storage area.
Experimental studies of stresses in soil affected by a vibratory roller
Authors: Tyuremnov I S , Furmanov D V
Published: May 2020

Stresses in soil are a link between all parameters and operation modes of a vibratory roller and deformations at different depths of the soil. The paper presents a research technology and the results of measuring stress amplitudes in soil at depths of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5 m at different dynamic moduli of soil deformation Evd. It is established that in the surface layer (0.15 m deep) within a single loading cycle, the duration of stress buildup phase is 1.5…2 times lower than the duration of stress relief phase, and this ratio increases with compaction. Within one roller pass in the surface layer (0.15 m deep), the increase period of the amplitudes of separate stress cycles is 1.2…2 times longer than the decrease period of those, and this ratio also increases with compaction. It is established that the vibration impact of a roller, similarly to the impact loading of soil with a tamper, affects how the stresses change during the relief phase at each impact cycle. This change is the same as how the stresses change during the relief phase in a surface layer (0.15 m deep), which confirms that it is possible to apply the provisions of the dynamic theory of plasticity not only for impact, but also vibratory and vibro-impact soil compaction modes. The obtained results can be used to update and verify the existing and future mathematical models of soil compaction with vibratory rollers.
Sustainability land conversions in Tadokkong Village
Authors: Bakri R , Ali MS S , Rukmana D , Demmallino E B , Salman D , Marsuka
Published: May 2020

Farmers are rational creatures who always consider the advantages and disadvantages of all actions taken, in this case including the land conversion by farmers. This research focused on farmers who have converted land particularly the change of garden land into paddy fields, conducted by farmers in Tadokkong Village, PInrang Regency. The main reason underlying farmers to convert land in addition to achieving economic benefits was that the plantation land to be converted is idle land. It needs action to increase the usability of the farmland. This research was conducted in Tadokkong Village, Lembang District, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. Analysis data in this study used descriptive qualitative which collecting information through interviews and questionnaires obtained from farmers. The data was processed using a Likert scale. The results of this study indicated the rationality of farmers in doing land conversion was based on effective rational actions and reasonable actions was based on values (value rational action).
An added value analysis of Pulu Mandoti rice agricultural commodities at farmers level
Authors: Amrullah A , Tenriawaru A N , Viantika N M , Darma R , Heliawaty  , Akib M N
Published: May 2020

Pulu Mandoti rice is a local rice variety that has high economic value. This rice is phenomenal because it can only grow in two villages, one of which is Salukanan Village, Enrekang Regency. Having a distinctive aroma, texture, and taste makes the demand for rice even higher in the market also to foreign countries. The high demand for pulu mandoti has an impact on the selling price of these commodities to affect the income and profits of farmers. This research aims to analyze the added value of pulu mandoti to farmers who cultivate them. This research was conducted in Salukanan Village, Baraka Subdistrict, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, by using value-added calculations using the Hayami Method. Sampling was done by simple random sampling, with a total sample of 39 respondent farmers. The results showed that the added value of IDR 2,851,414, with a profit rate of 90.27%.
The social capital and innovative behaviors of the farmers in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Heliawaty  , Ali M S S , Salman D , Jamil M H , Fudjaja L , Busthanul N , Darwis
Published: May 2020

Farmers who adopt an innovation will collaborate with other parties through the innovation information network relationship and farmers who have a wider network will easily obtain information about the innovation. Thus, they have high social capital and an opportunity to adopt innovations. This study aims to analyze the relationship between farmers’ social capital and the innovative behavior of highland farmers in Bantaeng Regency. The samples were chosen by simple random technique. The data analysis used correlation analysis of the Chi-square Test. The data were measured by a Likert Scale with the scoring of 1 and 2. The scales were constructed based on the questions of each independent variable previously determined. The results showed that there was a relationship between the elements of social capital (social networks, mutual trust, and reciprocity) with the elements of the innovative behavior of farmers (creativity and risk-taking) at various levels of significance. The social capital elements of social networks tend to show a real relationship with creativity and risk-taking (elements of innovative behavior). Farmers’ social networks in economic activities, social, and high environmental activities tend to be related to the level of creativity and level of risk-taking of farmers. Mutual trust and reciprocity social capital elements show the relationship with the element of risk-taking.
Institutional strengthening of women farmers group (KWT) in developing household food security
Authors: Rahmadanih  , Bulkis S , Amrullah A , Rukka R M , Viantika N M
Published: May 2020

Household food security and local institution still become an issue in a rural area. These research aims are: (1) describing a strengthening model that been done by Women Farmers Group (KWT) member, (2) analyzing the household food security level of KWT, and (3) developing the institutional strengthening model based on KWT potency. KWT Mekarsari is a unit of the case, involved 30 households. Qualitative data were collected by observation and in-depth interviews, while quantitative data was collected by the survey method. It was found that the institutional strengthening model that been applied by KWT Mekarsari was a supporting model. The implementation of this model had given a great contribution to increased vegetable consumption. Moreover, the average of food diversification scores obtained household classified as “mildly food insecure” (mean score 4). Actually, there were two kind of approach that can be applied for institutional strengthening based on it potency likes: (1) Capacity development model of KWT members and (2) supporting model (Facilitating) on “building productive enterprises based on local food” with some alternative activities such as business of cassava chips, chicken or duck meatball, and salted egg. These supporting ideas were integrated with training for increasing its business capacity.
Strengthening sustainable agriculture through cocoa smallholders production
Authors: Arsyad M , Nuddin A , Yusuf S , Kawamura Y , Sinaga B M , Khaerati R
Published: May 2020

Sustainable agriculture becomes crucial issue in economic development and cocoa production is one of the important pillars. The research deals with determinants of cocoa production using Path Analysis. The results show that, first, the larger cultivated land area with farm equipment, the much higher increase in cocoa productions of smallholders will be. Therefore, we may argue that the variable Cultivated Land Area with Farm Equipment (X22) is the most important variable to be considered in increasing production. Second, the more difficult access to public health center is, the less cocoa production of smallholders will gain. This implies that providing public health center closer to the smallholder residence could be considered to encourage cocoa production as a smallholders income source.
Enzymatic characterization of apple (Malus. x Domestica)
Authors: Hutabarat O S , Halbwirth H
Published: May 2020

Secondary metabolites play a major role as quality factors in horticultural products by significantly contributing to plant health, optical attributes, sensory attributes and health beneficial effects for the consumer. Dihydrochalcones, a rare class of secondary metabolites, which is, however present in particularly high amounts in apple (Malus × domestica. In apple, phloridzin (phloretin 2’-O-glucoside) is prevalent representing more than 90% of the soluble phenolic compounds, but small amounts of 3-hydroxyphloretin and 3-hydroxyphloridzin are also constitutively present. For the systematic investigation, sufficiently comprehensive knowledge of the underlying pathway is yet lacking. Two types of enzymes could catalyze the reaction, polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) and/or cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases. To test a possible involvement of the F3‘H of apple in the formation of constitutive 3-hydroxydihydrochalcones, cDNA clones of the two types of F3‘Hs present in the apple was isolated and heterologously expressed in yeast. Despite showing high F3‘H enzyme activity with various flavonoid substrates, hydroxylation of dihydrochalcones was not observed at standard conditions, indicating that F3‘H is not part of the dihydrochalcone pathway.
Predicting the impact of land-use change on soil erosion rate in Ussu sub-catchment area and sedimentation yield in Malili River
Authors: Achmad M , Samsuar S , Mubarak H
Published: May 2020

This study aims to predict the impact of land-use change in Ussu sub-catchment area during the last ten years on the rate of soil erosion and sedimentation yield in the Malili River. The USLE method was used to predict soil erosion rates in 2009 and 2015 using DEM data, Landsat 8 Image, station rainfall data, and land use. Sediment yield was determined using flow rates calculated using the spline cubic interpolation method, the SDR of the water sample was verified by the equations developed by SCS, Vanoni, Boyce and Auswald based on the suitability of the measured surrounding sub-watershed. The results show that soil erosion rates have increased in the period of 6 years. The erosion rate increased from 58,693 tons in 2009 to 155,136 tons in 2015. SDR value was obtained at 0.1894, so the potential sedimentation in the Malili River was predicted to a maximum of 1.57 cm in 2009 and 4.15 cm in 2015. Contributions of soil erosion on sedimentation have occurred as the impact of the increased deforested land around 654.8 ha.
Land suitability evaluation for clove plants in Bacan Island
Authors: Laban S , Solle M S , Ahmad A , Jayadi M
Published: May 2020

Clove is a superior crop and the main source of income for farmers in South Halmahera, especially in Bacan island. There is an increase in the clove planting area since 2013. However, clove productivity in 2017 decreased by 32% from 2013 to 2017. The factors that influence clove production are the environment and the soil condition. Clove plants to be able to grow and produce require specific growing environmental requirements. Environmental factors that influence clove plants include climate, height and type of soil. This study aims to analyze the suitability of land for clove plants on Bacan Island. Methods for collecting land resource data include primary data surveys and secondary data collection. The land suitability evaluation was carried out according to the limiting approach. The results of land suitability analysis at the subclass level in several districts in the Bacan Island for clove plants showed that the suitability of land suitability varied (S1, S2, S3, and N) between districts with limiting factors are erosion hazard and the effective depth roots.
Fuzzy set method in GIS raster to analyze the characteristics of agricultural lands
Authors: Nurmiaty  , Arif S , Baja S , Ridwan A , Rahmad D. , Sukmawati  , Lalu M S , Suryani Ida
Published: May 2020

The increasingly growing and detailed spatial data onto land resources required a precise method for the data management can be more effective. Generally, spatial data onto land resources is categorized by sharp boundary and role of every land attribute to the land suitability is equated. On the other hand, the reality of land attribute in the field varied greatly and did not have sharp boundaries also the role of each attribute towards land suitability was varying. It caused the detailed data could not be presented properly so it did not reflect the actual condition at the field. The continued approach from fuzzy set in GIS is a method that can handle such problems. This study examined land characteristics in Pangkep District using a continuous fuzzy set approach from GIS raster. The research was conducted by using exploratory method (field survey and laboratory analysis) for the review scale. The results were then analyzed using the Semantic Import Model (SIM) fuzzy set method of GIS raster. The considered value of the attribute was converted into a general membership value (0 to 1.0), according to class limits that were determined by the Agricultural Research and Development Agency criteria (2011) adapted from the FAO criteria (1976) for planned land use. The results of land characteristic analysis by continuous fuzzy set approach were divided into three groups i.e. 1) climate characteristics: rainfall, temperature, and dry month, 2) physical characteristics of soil: slope, texture, surface rock, soil depth, soil drainage, erosion hazard, and flood hazard, and 3) soil fertility characteristics: Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), soil acidity, organic C, and salinity. The index value of each land characteristic varied from 0 (minimum) to 1.0 (maximum), according to the prospective of each land characteristics for planned land use. The results are presented in a detailed raster GIS form so it is very effective to inform and represent the actual field conditions.
Carbon stock analysis of some cocoa planting systems in climate change mitigation efforts in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Faradilla L , Mustari K , Asrul L , Kaimuddin
Published: May 2020

Global warming is very closely related to carbon stored in an ecosystem. This research aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage in cocoa plantations in East Luwu Regency. The research was carried out in cacao plantation in three districts namely Burau, Wotu and Mangkutana. Measurement of carbon storage was conducted using the allometric formula on an observation plot of 200 m2. Six sampling points were selected consisted of four location with shading trees planted in multistrata agroforestry planting system and two locations with a monoculture planting system. The results of measurements on cocoa plants show that carbon storage increased with the variety of plant species that exist in the cocoa farm. The size of the carbon stocks depends on the planting system. Cacao plantation with multistrata shades system showed carbon absorption of 148.92 tons/Ha that was greater than the amount of carbon absorption in cocoa plantation with monoculture shades system of 50.24 tons/Ha. The level of carbon uptake in East Luwu Regency is 33.19 tons C/Ha. The amount of carbon emissions absorbed is 57.46 t/Ha. CO2 content with the composition of existing land cover in East Luwu Regency is 121.81 tons CO2/Ha.
Utilization of local aromatic rice Endophytic fungi to promote the growth and yield of rice plant in drought stress conditions
Authors: Syamsia S , Kadir M , Idham A , Noerfitryani N
Published: May 2020

Drought is one of the major constraints in rice production in the rainfed areas. Water shortages due to long drought are the main problem causing the decline in rice productivity. One effort that can be done to overcome the drought is the use of endophytic fungi. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of local aromatic rice endophytic fungi on growth and production of rice in limited water conditions. This study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four treatments of field inundation combined with the fungi. Treatment were consisted of four levels: inundation with water level of 5 cm, inundation with water level of 1 cm, inundation with water level of 5 cm + endophytic fungi, and inundation with water level of 1 cm + endophytic fungi. Rice seedlings were planted using Legowo 4 : 1 with the distance within rows of 25 cm x 25 cm and the distance between rows of 50 cm. The results show that the application of endophytic fungi produced plant height, tiller number, root length, root weight, number of filled grains and production per hectare were higher and significantly different from the treatment without application of endophytic fungi. This shows that endophytic fungi promote the growth and production of rice in limited water conditions.
Flowering of Chrysanthemum sp. in pot at various concentrations of corn extract and paclobutrazol
Authors: Ulfa F , Haring F , Kanisa M , Amin A R , Kasim N , M Farid BDR
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of application of corn extract and paclobutrazol on the flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp) in pots. The research was carried out in a plastic house, Pattapang Village, Tinggi Moncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to October 2015. The research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial using a randomized block design. The first factor was the concentration of corn extract consisted of 0, 50 mL L−1, 100 mL L−1, and 150 mL L−1. The second factor was paclobutrazol with a concentration consisted of 0, 30 mL L−1, 60 mL L−1. The results show that application of paclobutrazol 60 mL L−1 gave the shortest stalk length (4.40 cm) and the longest vase life (23.08 days).
Modified vegetables extract as substitution of v8-juice medium for cultivation of Phytophthora spp
Authors: Hardina N , Kuswinanti T , Baharuddin
Published: May 2020

Phytophthora species is a pathogen that causes rot on plant parts both on roots, stems, leaves and fruit. One obstacle in investigating the mechanism of infection and virulence testing of Phytophthora palmivora is to obtain suitable media for its growth. The purpose of this research was to study the suitability of modified vegetables extract as substitution of V8 juice for growth medium of Phytopthora spp. This research consisted of several stages, which were, preparation of V8-Juice medium and vegetable medium, isolation of P. palmivora and P. colocasia from infected cacao pod and taro, and observation of P. palmivora and P. colocasiae by their morphological characters. The results showed that this medium was effective for cultivation of P. palmivora and P. colocasiae. There was no morphological difference was observed in the growth of P. palmivora both on V8-Juice medium and on vegetable extract medium. The appearance of hyphal swelling and characteristics of sporangium, oospore, chlamydospore and zoospore observed have the same characteristics in both types of media used. Modified vegetable media was also effective for cultivation of taro leaf blight pathogen P. colocasiae.
Application of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in rice seed and its effect on mortality of green leaf hopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Abdullah T , Kuswinanti T , Nurariaty A , Daud I D , Nasruddin A , Risal R , Utami S , Tuwo M
Published: May 2020

The use of synthetic chemical insecticides in controlling rice pest insects has various negative impacts. Chemical insecticides can stimulate pest resistance, the emergence of secondary pests, killing of useful organisms and natural enemies, and contamination of residues in food, soil and water. Another potential effective control alternative is the use of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). The effectiveness of B. bassiana application by spraying on plants or pests directly, can decrease due to the influence of high temperatures, low humidity, and exposure to ultra violet light. The study of the application of B. bassiana by treatment of rice seeds was carried out to determine the cumulative mortality of green leaf hopper, which was carried out in two-time periods at the Bioecology Laboratory for Natural Pests and Enemies, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The first series of studies used B. bassiana collection culture of Bioecology Laboratory, and the second series used the commercially available B. bassiana formulation. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with each of the 4 treatments and 5 replications was used in this study. The results showed that, coating or soaking rice seeds with entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana was able to cause mortality to green leafhoppers. Although the mortality is lower than spraying on rice plants or penetrating the body of green leafhoppers, however, with the covering or soaking rice seeds, the mortality of green leafhoppers is significantly higher than control without the application of B. bassiana. This indicates basic potential that requires a study for development of rice seed coating and immersion techniques to increase its effectiveness in controlling green leafhoppers.
Gorontalo local rice plant response which planted with the lowland system and upland system
Authors: Buri N , Riadi M , Dungga N E , Hipi A , Mantau Z
Published: May 2020

The development of upland rice cultivation is a strategic effort to support and increase national rice production. Local superior cultivars have long been cultivated by farmers through generations through various efforts and instincts in their possession by utilizing genetic diversity to obtain superior characters and adapt well to local agro-ecology. The research aims to obtain Gorontalo local rice genotypes that can grow and produce both on upland and lowland fields. The study was conducted in Bulotalangi Village, East Bulango Subdistrict, Bonebolango District, Gorontalo Province. Located at an altitude of 80 m above sea level, an average rainfall of 1,485 mm per year, soil texture of sandy loam and pH of 5.5. The research was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. This study used a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of 10 genotype treatments namely Situbagendit, Pulo Putih, Maraya, Bokungo, Monu Genja, Buruna, Yenti, Boleyara, Ponda and Bolotonu. The results show that the adaptive genotype grew and had a high and good production to be developed in the upland and paddy fields, namely the Maraya genotype (4.10 tons.ha−1), the Situbagendit genotype (3.73 tons.ha−1), the Yenti genotype (4.10 tons.ha−1) 3.26 tons.ha−1), and Bolotonu genotype (3.08 tons.ha−1).
The capability of Trichoderma asperellum in suppressing vascular streak diseases on five different cocoa clones
Authors: Nurlaila N , Rosmana A , Dewi V S
Published: May 2020

Trichoderma asperellum is a potential biocontrol agent against vascular streak dieback disease (VSD) on cocoa. In this research, we evaluated the suppress capacity of the fungus combined with composted plant residues against the VSD disease on five cocoa clones: S1, MCC 02, AP, THR, and RB. According to VSD development observed in six months, Sulawesi 1 was considered as less sensitive, MCC 02 was moderate resistant, AP was resistant, THR was susceptible, and RB was moderate resistant. The disease incidence on these five clones was 32.9%, 31.0%, 27.9%, 39.9%, and 26.6%, respectively three months post-application and each of this incidence were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) with the control. While, the efficacy of application was 60.1%, 55.2%, 49.9%, 75.6%, and 37,6%, respectively. These data indicated that capability of T. asperellum in suppressing VSD disease depends on the clone and lowest on the resistant clone.
Identification fruit fly species associated with watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) in South of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sulaeha S , Bahtiar A H , Melina M
Published: May 2020

Fruit fly is an important insect pest of determining low and poor quality of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in South of Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to identify species of fruit flies and other arthropods using attracted Methyl Eugenol and Cue Lure traps. This research was done from September to December 2018 in Bentang Village, Takalar, South of Sulawesi. The fruit fly were collected through the use of 1.5 ml of Methyl Eugenol and Cue Lure attractants every traps with 16 traps each treatment. The application of attractant compounds in ME traps is replaced every 6 days, whereas in the CL trap a compound is replaced every 12 days during observation. The results of this research was found species fruit flies and other arthropods in ME attractants, there are B. dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera musae., B. umbrosa (Fabricius), and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The Cue lure attractants trap was found B. Bryoniae (Tryon), B.albistrigata (de Meijere), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet), Dacus longicornis (Weidemann), Atherigona soccata (Rodani), and Syrphidae. It is especially the species of B. bryoniae (Tryon), which is the first report of its existence in South of Sulawesi.
Response of cocoa pod borer to chlorogenic acid
Authors: Firmansyah A P , Sjam S , Alam G , Dewi V S
Published: May 2020

Chlorogenic acid was first isolated from coffee beans, and this compound is found in many plants including cocoa fruit. Besides functioning as an antibacterial and antioxidant, this compounds act as insect repellents and attractants. According the literature, chlorogenic acid is a stimulant for laying eggs. Because this compound is also found in cocoa and has a function in attracting insects, an experiment was conducted to see the response of the main cocoa pests, cocoa fruit borer (CPB). Pure dissolved chlorogenic acid was divided into several concentrations and then tested with CPB adults male and female. The results of this test show that at concentrations of 5% of chlorogenic acid compounds attract more CPB, and the average of the CPB adults whose choose is female. The most of CPB visit time was 3 hours after the experiment was carried out then stop visit after 18 hours.
Distribution and ecology of sangilu (Evodia sp) as a local endemic species in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park
Authors: Suryanto H
Published: May 2020

Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is a conservation area in unique endemic fauna in the form of a butterfly. One form of efforts to maintain the sustainability of the forest ecosystem is fostering habitat by planting butterfly feed plants. Sangilu (Evodia sp) is one of the endemic species of plants as well as a butterfly plant (Host Plant) in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. However, its population in nature is decreasing. This research activity aims to obtain information on the ecology and distribution of evodia for the conservation of endemic plant species as butterfly feed plants in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The study was conducted in 2 stages of observation, namely distribution and ecology with exploration of roaming methods. Observations indicate that the distribution of sangilu in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung area was found in 14 points, namely the Samaenre and Bentenge areas of Mallawa, Laiya, Pattirodeceng and Buccu-buccue resorts in Camba. Sangilu in ecological character is found in river banks, watercourses, water sources and mostly grows on slopes.
Percentage depth dose measurement in high energy photons and electrons by using the Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeter
Authors: Mohd Yusof Mohd Fahmi , Md Othman Nur Natasha , Abdullah Reduan , Abdul Kadir Ahmad Bazlie , Salleh Husaini
Published: May 2020

The study focused on the measurement of percentage depth dose (PDD) in high energy photons and electrons by using the optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The beam output calibration was performed on 6 MV photons and 6 MeV electrons and compared to that in the ionization chamber. The PDD was measured in 6 MV photons and 6 MeV electrons and the PDD curves were plotted by using the OSL dosimeters. The PDD curves were compared to that in other common dosimeters including ionization chamber, Gafchromic® EBT2 film dosimeter and the treatment planning software (TPS). The results showed that the beam output calibration measured by using the OSL dosimeters was in good agreement to the ionization chamber within 1.6 and 5.9% percentage of discrepancy for both 6 MV photons and 6 MeV electrons respectively. The measured PDD by using the OSL dosimeters were also in in good agreement to the ionization chamber, EBT2 film and TPS software within percentage 13.4 and 10.4% of discrepancies for 6 MV photons and 6 MeV electrons respectively. The overall results indicated the suitability of OSL dosimeters to be used for direct dosimetry measurements in high energy photons and electrons.
The influence of clay addition in fly ash concrete mixture for nuclear shielding
Authors: Ramli Rogemah , Idris Faridah Mohamad , Saad Juniza Md , Yapandi M F K M , Akmal Biyamin S.
Published: May 2020

The disposal of ashes from power plants has caused health issues and reduce the air quality of the surrounding areas. The ashes have a potential to be used in construction of concrete mixture as partial replacement for cement. This research studies the potential fly ash and clay mixture (FAC) as a nuclear shielding material in concrete mixture. The raw materials and the testing were all done in Agensi Nuklear Malaysia. All concrete mixtures had a constant water/cement ratio of 0.266. The hardened concrete mixtures were tested for compressive strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and small angle neutron microscopy (SANS) are used to characterize the properties of the mixtures. The results suggested that mixture of FAC concrete with 10% of clay addition showing good potential for nuclear shielding compared to other ratios.
ESCORT: Energy sweep compact rapid cycling hadron therapy
Authors: Wah Leo Kwee , Takayama Ken , Adachi Toshikazu , Kawakubo Tadamichi , Dixit Tanuja
Published: May 2020

The Energy Sweep Compact Rapid Cycling Hadron driver for future cancer therapies based on the induction synchrotron concept is described. This fast cycling synchrotron that allows the energy sweep beam scanning. Assuming a 1.5 T bending magnet, the ring can deliver heavy ions of 430 MeV/u at 10 Hz. A beam fraction is dropped from the barrier bucket at the desired timing and the increasing negative momentum deviation of this beam fraction becomes enough large for the fraction to fall in the electrostatic septum extraction gap, which is placed at the large D(s) region. The programmed energy sweeping extraction makes spot scanning beam irradiation on a cancer area in depth possible.
Radiological and heavy metals analysis in soil and water at the former tin mining site in the urban area (Danau Kota Lake, Kuala Lumpur)
Authors: Abdul Hamid N H , Mohd Hidzir N , Mohd Radzali N A , Mokhtar A K
Published: May 2020

Former mining sites are known to be concentrated with enriched naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and heavy metals, as a result of past mining activities. A number of the sites are reclaimed as an open area, which in turn raised concerns regarding public safety. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate the safety of the public engaging in activities around the former tin mining areas. A study is carried out to determine the concentrations of NORM and heavy metals in soil and water collected from Danau Kota Lake, Kuala Lumpur, known as a former mining site. Both NORM and heavy metals were analysed using gamma spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The average concentration of 226Ra and 232Th in water collected was 0.7 ± 0.2 Bq/L and 0.1 ± 0.03 Bq/L, respectively. 40K, however, was not detected in the water. The average activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil was 60.8 ± 2.3 Bq/kg, 42.9 ± 1.4 Bq/kg, and 338.4 ± 11.7 Bq/kg, respectively. From the values obtained, it is observed that the activity concentrations for both soil and water are still within the range limit reported by WHO and UNSCEAR. In regards to heavy metals analysis, manganese concentration was the highest in both water and soil with a value of 1.18 µg/L and 147.7 mg/kg, respectively. To evaluate the radiological hazard, the radium equivalent activity index (Req), gamma index (Iγ), absorbed dose rate (D), effective dose rate (Deff) and external hazard index (Hex) are calculated and valued at 148 Bq/kg, 1.1 Bq/kg, 69 nGy/h, 0.1 mSv/year and 0.4, respectively. All radiological hazard indices are found to be below the safety limits. Therefore, the lake area is considered safe for public activities except for Iγ.
Solvent extraction of Thorium from Malaysian xenotime using Tributyl Phosphate (TBP)
Authors: Azhar Norhazirah , Takip Khaironie Mohamed , Hazan Roshasnorlyza , Paulus Wilfred Selyvester , Sapiee Nur Aqilah , Kones Jacqueline
Published: May 2020

Growing interest in environmental concern and vast industrial application makes Thorium popular and widely studies nowadays. In this study, solvent extraction process was done to determine the optimized parameters for the extraction of thorium. Parameters studied are the concentrations (M) of nitric acid (HNO3), percent (%) of Tri-Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in diluent and the volume ratio of acid to organic phase (VA:VO). The mixed rare earth (RE) oxalate powder was dissolved in HNO3 and Thorium elements was extracted using TBP diluted in kerosene. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) instrument was used to analyze the initial and final concentration of Thorium left in the aqueous solution. From the ED-XRF quantitative values, calculations were made to determine the extraction efficiency of Thorium. In the end of experiment, it is found that the optimized parameters are at 7M HNO3, 20% TBP diluted in kerosene and at VA:VO ratio of 2:3.
Evaluation of glass waste formed containing NORM
Authors: Izzati Ruzali Nur Syuhada , Fadzil Syazwani Mohd , Baan Rohyiza
Published: May 2020

In oil and gas production, crude oil is an important ingredient in the manufacture industry. The sludge from the oil is semi-solid waste and classified as a low-level waste that consists of a mixture of oil, sediment and, water containing radioactive element (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM); and high hydrocarbon concentration. It is categorized and considered as hazardous waste that required careful handling and treatment before disposal. Vitrification process was carried out in this study to immobilize the sludge containing radioactive waste. The objectives in this study is to optimize waste loading and to evaluate the glass waste formed after vitrification process. It is found that 20 wt% of oil sludge at 1200°C is the best optimize waste loading in the experiment because the glass waste formed are completely homogeneous phase.
Water quality monitoring of Reactor TRIGA PUSPATI
Authors: Hasniyati M. R. , Na’im H. S. , Oon J. T. , Zin M. H. M. , Zaredah H. , Tonny L.
Published: May 2020

At present, Reactor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is the only nuclear research reactor in operation in Malaysia since 1982. Each year, the reactor is operated on average for about 600 hours mainly for the advanced neutron and gamma radiation studies as well as for isotope production, sample activation and student training. About one-third of the RTP’s core volume is occupied by water. The water-cooling and purification systems maintain low water conductivity, remove impurities, maintained the optical clarity of the water and dissipating the reactor heat. They consist of a water surface skimmer, pump, filter, demineralizer, heat exchanger unit, associated piping and valves as well as other miscellaneous instrumentations. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate water quality and maintains the water chemistry to the required specifications at all times in order to ensure longevity and performance of the reactor system.