bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Optical Imaging of Transport Phenomena and Surface Structure During Crystal Growth Process, and Optical and X-Ray Techniques for Investigating the Device Relevant Properties of Photonic Crystals
Authors: Verma Sunil , Kar Sujan , Debnath Chiranjit
Published: January 2025

Crystals are driving the current photonics revolution. Material scientists need to have a detailed understanding of how crystals grow, whereas device engineers need crystals of adequate size and quality for the end applications. Growth rate and defect structure of a crystal is a function of the timedependent spatial distribution of the temperature, convection and concentration profiles during crystal growth process, therefore it is important to map these transport processes andunderstand their influence on the growing crystal. The first part of the present article discusses the optical techniques developed and the results obtained during online and in-situ optical imaging of the crystal growth process. Post-growth, the grown crystal is cut and polished along specific directions to obtain the element for use in the desired device. However, before deploying a crystal element for a particular application, it is necessary to assess its optical quality and measure important optical properties. The second part of the article discusses various optical and X-ray techniques developed for investigating the optical properties and defects structure of the crystals.
Characterization of Polymorphic Crystals: Glycine as a Case Study
Authors: Srinivasan K.
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the methodologies and techniques employed to study and identify various
Myanmar: China’s Decisive Intervention, India Marginalised
Authors: Subir Bhaumik
Published: January 2025

Myanmar’s ongoing civil conflict has emerged as a key arena for geopolitical competition, particularly between India and China. China has significantly enhanced its influence in the country through assertive and strategic interventions, notably in the context of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). By mediating ceasefire agreements and engaging actively with Myanmar’s ethnic armed groups, China has consolidated its position as the primary external player in the conflict, ensuring the stability of critical infrastructure routes and safeguarding its investments. In contrast, India’s approach has been more reactive, primarily relying on ASEAN-led mediation efforts that have yielded limited results. India’s failure to capitalize on historical ties with Myanmar’s ethnic groups and its cautious diplomatic stance have sidelined it in the region, undermining its aspirations under the ‘Act East’ policy. As China continues to assert its influence, India risks further marginalization, with implications for its connectivity projects and broader strategic goals in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the contrasting approaches of India and China in Myanmar, analyzing the implications for India’s regional ambitions and suggesting that a more proactive strategy is essential for India to secure its geopolitical and economic interests in the face of China's expanding dominance.
Transformations of the American hero in the US media discourse
Authors: Lyubymova Svitlana
Published: January 2025

Abstract In the era of digital technologies, media has become a powerful tool of shaping worldview of people by means of sociocultural stereotypes. Formed in the process of evaluative categorization, sociocultural stereotypes represent simplified and conventional images of individuals and groups in media discourse. Affected by a range of factors, stereotypes undergo changes. Mass media play a particularly influential role in this process. The prominent figure of the US media landscape is ideologically charged stereotype of the American hero that embodies nationally significant ideas of freedom, individualism, and enterprise that lead to the accomplishment of a much-desired goal. I argue that the idealized cultural construct of the American hero, embodied in a sociocultural stereotype, is conceptualized through an image schema integrating foundational elements: PART–WHOLE–FORCE, SOURCE–PATH–GOAL. The WHOLE, representing the hero, comprises PARTS such as appearance, clothing, and behavior. FORCE signifies hero’s strength necessary to achieve the GOAL. SOURCE arises from one’s understanding, while the PATH involves overcoming adversities, culminating in success as the GOAL. This paper outlines transformations of the American hero stereotype in the US media discourse in diachronic perspective. Invariably virtuous, courageous, self-confident, purposeful, and hardworking, the American hero is inspirational and idealized image that takes on different forms due to changes of historical context. In different periods, the American hero is represented by a first settler, a cowboy, a ranger, a scientist. This stereotype functions as a model pattern for evaluating individuals and social groups. While the portrayal of the American hero in media discourse adapts to changing contexts, his image schema remains invariable.
FRAMES, PERSPECTIVES, SCENARIOS
Authors: Manuel Liz Gutiérrez
Published: January 2025

Ofrecemos un análisis de las nociones de "marco", "perspectiva", o "punto de vista", y "escenario", analizando también otras nociones relacionadas como las de "estructura de contenidos", "adoptar un marco" y adoptar una perspectiva". Se trata de un trabajo de ingeniería conceptual que intenta recoger algunos usos habituales de estas nociones tanto en el ámbito ordinario como en ámbitos científicos y técnicos. Una de las principales ideas que articular nuestro trabajo es que existe una gran continuidad entre la noción de marco y las nociones de perspectiva o punto de vista. Otra es que marcos y perspectivas no imponen límites infranqueables a nuestra conexión con la realidad. Son más bien justamente nuestras vías de conexión a ella
POINTS OF VIEW, FRAMES, SCENARIOS… AND MODELS
Authors: Vázquez Campos Margarita
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the conceptual distinctions and interrelations between “point of view”, “frame”, “scenario”, and “model”. I introduce the concept of “model” as a bridge between a subject's point of view and the relational structure that constitutes the frame, using the notion of a model as applied in System Dynamics (SD) and Possible Worlds Semantics (PWS) as a starting point. I conclude by offering a generalization of the four concepts.
ON POINTS OF VIEW, PERSPECTIVES, FRAMES, SCENARIOS AND SCHEMAS. DOES NON-CONCEPTUALITY PLAY A RELEVANT ROLE?
Authors: Brugnami Enrico
Published: January 2025

This article explores the role of non-conceptuality in perspectives, points of view, frames, scenarios and schema. It argues for the hybrid nature of perspectives, frames and schemas. Against the idea that the concepts mentioned are purely conceptual or that their most important characteristic is conceptual, the article emphasizes the fundamental role of non-conceptual content. In the case of frames, we compare them with the notion of schema as used in psychology and cognitive behavioural therapy, illustrating how non-conceptual frames influence perception, decision-making, and courses of action. The analysis proposes a understanding of these concepts as interrelated and argue that the non-conceptual aspects of frames and schemas affect drastically the points of view we hold and the scenarios we imagine.
Assessing the Assessors: Language Assessment Knowledge and Beliefs in Thai Preservice English Teachers
Authors: Ketkumbonk Atthasit , Sukying Apisak
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the evolution of language assessment knowledge (LAK) and language assessment (LA) beliefs among 54 Thai preservice English teachers from a public university in northeastern Thailand during their teaching practicum. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. While language assessment literacy (LAL) remains a developing area with varied levels across different contexts, this research addresses the gap by examining changes in LAK and beliefs over time. Using parallel LAK tests and a detailed LA beliefs questionnaire based on Taylor’s (2013) framework, assessments were conducted at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the semester. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a slight improvement in LAK, with mean scores increasing from 31.3 (56.9%) at T1 to 33.19 (60.34%) at T2, indicating a medium level of LAL, though the change was not statistically significant. Despite the modest improvement in technical skills, there was a notable decline in applying local assessment practices. However, the preservice English teachers consistently rated the importance of language assessment highly, with a significant growth in their personal beliefs and attitudes. The study also identified a small but statistically significant correlation between LAK and LA beliefs, highlighting the context-bound nature of assessment practices. These findings highlight the need for context-sensitive training in teacher education programs to better prepare preservice teachers for real-world challenges, emphasizing the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge with practical applications. Further research is recommended to explore these dynamics over a longer period and across diverse educational settings.
Understanding Work-Life Balance Challenges among Academic Professionals in Higher Education: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ramachandaran Sharmila Devi , Nuraini Riska , Doraisingam Puspanathan
Published: January 2025

The work-life balance of academic professionals in higher education is crucial as their performance impacts both institutional goals and individual well-being. This qualitative study examines the work-life balance challenges experienced by academicians in Malaysian higher educational institutions. Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with six academicians and data were analyzed thematically to identify the challenges. Three main themes were formulated: excessive workload, mental health issues, and time management. The findings contribute empirical insights into the lived experiences of academicians, highlighting the unique pressures within academic settings. This study also highlights the relevance of phenomenological approaches in uncovering the nuances of these challenges and emphasizes the importance of institutional policies supporting resilience and mental health and fostering a work-life balance and well-being culture. Practical recommendations include the development of support systems, workload management strategies, and proactive health initiatives to address the challenges in higher education. By providing insights into the challenges to work-life balance, this study aims to inform policymaking within higher education institutions and promote sustainable working environments that benefit academic professionals, and institutions.
Pengaruh Metode Bernyanyi Dalam pembelajaran Matametaika Pada Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Azzahra Wanda Septiana , Nurmalia Laily
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the singing method on improving students' memory skills in mathematics learning. This type of research is experimental research with a Quasy Experimental Design design and uses a comparative quantitative methodology approach, namely to compare the effect of the memory ability of students who are taught using the singing method with students who are taught not using the singing method in Mathematics subjects at Pondok Pucung 04 State Elementary School. Method Data collection uses observation, tests and documentation studies. If you look at the N-gain score results, there is a difference in the control class value of 0.41 in the medium category and the experimental class is 0.62 in the medium category, with a difference of 0.21. The control class has an average posttest score of 74.67 and the experimental class has an average of 81.83 with the difference between the average values of the experimental and control classes being 7.16 with a t-count of 2.133 and an f-count of 0.120 and also the significant value of 0.037 is smaller than 0.05, which means Ho is rejected and Ho is accepted.
डूंगरसी रत्नु काव्य समीक्षा
Authors: Pooja Charan  , Rathore Sharad
Published: January 2025

राजस्थान वीरों की भूमि है। यहां का इतिहास विश्व पटल पर विशेष स्थान रखता है। चारण कवियों के साहित्यक योगदान ने इतिहास को अमरत्व दिया। चारण कवियों में डूंगरसी रतनू महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रखते हैं, जिन्होंने अपने काव्य में वीर रस के साथ-साथ भक्ति और प्रकृति का भी सुंदर वर्णन किया। उनके काव्य में वीरता, युद्ध, अश्व विद्या, और पौराणिक आख्यानों का उल्लेख मिलता है। डूंगरसी का संबंध चारणों की रतनू शाखा से था और वे जैसलमेर के दरबार से जुड़े हुए थे। इसके अलावा, डूंगरसी के काव्य में प्रकृति का वर्णन भी मिलता है। पक्षियों के व्यवहार और आकाशीय पिंडों का वर्णन उनकी प्रकृति विज्ञान की जानकारी को दर्शाता है। अलंकारों का कुशल प्रयोग उनके काव्य की विशेषता है। सरल शब्दों में गूढ़ भावों का संप्रेषण, विभिन्न रसों का समन्वय, और शब्दावली में अरबी, फारसी और संस्कृत का प्रयोग उनकी भाषाई क्षमता को दर्शाता है। उनके काव्य में वीरता और भक्ति का ऐसा अद्भुत मिश्रण है जो राजस्थान की चारण परंपरा को समृद्ध बनाता है।
Diversity of Insect Species in PT Sumber Graha Sejahtera of Production Forest in West Wara District, Luwu Regency
Authors: Batari Putri Andi Utami , Witno  , Liana  , Rian Badjang  , Novi Herman Sada  , Maria
Published: January 2025

Insects are the most numerous groups of organisms in the phylum of Arthropods and have a very important role in the continuity of ecological functions. This study aims to determine the diversity of nocturnal and diurnal insect species in PT. Sumber Graha Sejahtera of production forest area in West Wara District. This study used 2 methods are plot and line transect. The traps used are Light traps for nocturnal insects used on 5 plot and Sweep Net for diurnal insects used on 3 line transect. The results showed that there were 36 species of insects consisting of 14 nocturnal species and 22 diurnal species. The diversity index of nocturnal insects were included in the medium category (2.57) with the highest population density found in the species Aedes albopictus which is 0.0160, while the diversity index of diurnal insects were included in the high category (3.02) with the highest population density found in the species Valanga nigricornis which is 0.0056.
Constraints Faced by the Groundnut Growers in Adoption of Cluster Frontline Demonstration of Villupuram District
Authors: M Karthickraja , R Premavathi ,   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641 003, India, PP Murugan ,   Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641 003, India, K P Vanetha ,   Agricultural Extension, ICAR- KVK, Tindivanam, Villupuram- 604 001, India.
Published: January 2025

India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world and
occupies an important position in the Indian agricultural economy. The
productivity of groundnut farming is currently declining due to pest and
disease attacks, use of old and traditional low-yielding varieties. To tackle
the issues demonstrations on cluster mode are essential. Cluster
Frontline Demonstration (CFLD) is conducted by Subject Matter
Specialists (SMSs) and scientists in a systemic manner on selected
farmers field to spread the new variety and groundnut production
technologies. The ICAR- KVK, Tindivanam had organized CFLDs on
groundnut crop in two villages viz., Nolambur and Kilmavilangai.
Therefore, the study aimed to know the profile characteristics of CFLD
beneficiary farmers and to encounter the major constraints faced by
groundnut growers. To get an adequate sample size, 60 CFLD
beneficiaries were selected randomly for the present study. The data were
collected by using a pre-tested interview schedule. Garrett’s ranking
technique and percentage analysis were used to analyze the data for
meaning interpretation. The majority of beneficiaries belonged to middle
age category (61.66%), majority of male beneficiaries (80.00%), educated
upto middle school (40.00%), land holdings of 1 to 2 ha (68.33%) as
small land, 20- 30 years of farming experience in oilseeds (80.00%),
participated in one training (66.67%), medium level of extension agency
contact (66.67%) and mass media exposure (56.67%), 55 per cent of
farmers were adopted new practices after the successful adoption of
other members. The major constraints include poor labour availability,
poor transport facilities, lack of proper marketing channels and lack of
technical knowledge. Hence, CFLD showed that medium to high level
profile characteristics and improved adoption of new technologies.
Effect of Incorporation of Soluble Dietary Fibre on the Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Nuggets
Authors:   Former Director, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR) and    Former Executive Director, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai., T. Sathu , P. Kuttinarayanan ,   Former Director, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR) and    Former Executive Director, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai., John Preethy ,   Former Director, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR) and    Former Executive Director, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai.
Published: January 2025

Studies were conducted to select a suitable soluble dietary fibre among lupin flour and oats bran for incorporating in functional chicken nuggets enriched with omega-3 eggs (OE). The lupin flour (T1) and oats bran (T2) at 4 % level were used separately, as sources of soluble fibre in the formulation. The chicken nuggets added with dietary soluble fiber were evaluated for various physico-chemical characteristics, proximate composition and sensory properties and compared with control C1 (without any functional ingredients) and C2 (enriched with 7.5 % OE). The enriched chicken nuggets differed significantly (P<0.05) from the unfortified chicken nuggets with respect to emulsion pH, product pH, cooking yield, moisture, protein and fat content. The lightness and yellowness values were significantly (P<0.05) higher for the chicken nuggets enriched with soluble dietary fibres than control (C1) but redness value was significantly lower than control (C1). Lupin flour at 4.0 % level adversely affected the appearance, colour, flavour and overall acceptability. Consumer preferred functional chicken nuggets can be made by incorporating 7.5 % OE and 4.0 % oats bran without deteriorating the nutritive and sensory qualities.
Efectos de los shocks de temperatura durante la niñez temprana sobre el rendimiento escolar: El caso de Perú
Authors: Liao Christopher , Olazábal Eder , Barron Manuel
Published: January 2025

Propósito: Estimar el efecto de los shocks de temperatura durante la gestación y la niñez temprana, sobre el rendimiento escolar en estudiantes de segundo de primaria en Perú.
Metodología: Se combinaron datos de temperatura de Climatic Research Unit de la Universidad de East Anglia con los resultados de matemáticas y comunicación, según la evaluación censal de estudiantes de 2015 de segundo de primaria. Se estimaron regresiones multivariadas controlando por efectos fijos de año y distrito de nacimiento. Resultados: Los shocks de temperatura tienen efectos asimétricos en el desempeño escolar, donde cada shock de calor incrementa el puntaje de los estudiantes en regiones de clima frío, pero lo reduce en regiones de clima caliente. Los shocks de frío tienen efectos negativos en regiones frías, y efectos estadísticamente nulos en regiones calientes. Estos efectos aparecen tanto en zonas urbanas como en rurales. Los shocks tienen efectos más fuertes en las niñas que en los niños. Implicaciones: Los encargados de política educativa deben implementar canales de soporte a estudiantes expuestos a shocks de temperatura durante la niñez temprana, así como a sus familias. Originalidad: La principal contribución es resaltar que los shocks de temperatura en la niñez temprana tienen impactos sobre el rendimiento escolar años después.
Liderazgo directivo y apoyo contextual en el interés de los estudiantes por disciplinas STEM: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: López Santiago Dalina Sugey , Magaña Medina Deneb Elí
Published: January 2025

Propósito: Analizar diversos estudios sobre liderazgo directivo y apoyo contextual en el interés de los estudiantes por disciplinas STEM. Metodología: Se seleccionaron 35 artículos de las bases de datos ERIC, SCOPUS, DOAJ, Redalyc, Springer y Google Académico publicados entre los años 2018 y 2024, cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron los idiomas inglés y español, valorando la calidad de la información y temática STEM. Resultados: El 68.6% de la literatura está enfocada a estudiantes sobre los apoyos contextuales en su interés por carreras STEM y solo el 31.4% está relacionado con el liderazgo directivo. Asimismo, el país con mayor número de estudios entre las variables es Estados Unidos de América. Implicaciones: Las variables contextuales ambientales, sociales, culturales, económicas, y escolares, influyen en el interés por carreras STEM y algunas están correlacionadas con el liderazgo, el cual es fundamental para los programas STEM y los docentes. Sin embargo, se destaca la existencia de vacíos sobre el liderazgo directivo. Originalidad: Es fundamental dirigir nuevas investigaciones hacia el liderazgo de los directores de escuelas en el área STEM y su influencia en el interés de los estudiantes por estas disciplinas, lo que implica beneficios al tener más literatura, comprender el liderazgo en diferentes países e identificar variables comunes o diferentes a nivel global.
Comunicación interna y su relación con la satisfacción laboral
Authors: Benitez Christian
Published: January 2025

Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo explorar la evolución histórica y el papel estratégico de la comunicación interna en las organizaciones, con un enfoque especial en su impacto en la satisfacción laboral. Mediante una revisión narrativa, se investigan las transformaciones socioculturales y tecnológicas que han influido en la comunicación interna, subrayando la importancia de integrarla en la estrategia organizacional para mejorar la planificación y ejecución de acciones. Se examina la fluidez de la información y la efectividad de los distintos tipos de comunicación, junto con las herramientas y canales empleados para transmitir mensajes clave. Además, se destaca la relevancia del feedback como un mecanismo para mejorar la comprensión mutua y facilitar una comunicación más efectiva en el futuro. Finalmente, se concluye que la comunicación interna desempeña un papel crucial en la creación de un entorno laboral positivo, afectando significativamente la percepción de los empleados y, por ende, su satisfacción en el trabajo.
Scaling trustworthy AI: A framework for responsible system design
Authors: Martin Louis
Published: January 2025

AI technology is becoming more fluid and has impacted the society across a range of domains in a positive as well as in a negative manner. AI reliability is critical to society’s acceptance and preventing the risks connected to it hence the importance of the following measures. The purpose of this work is to synthesize a multifaceted approach to the further scaled implementation of trustworthy AI with a focus on responsible AI design. The framework is applied in theory as well as in two empirical cases, where the research combines theoretical and practical approaches. Main outcomes point to the importance of transparency management, accountability and ethical aspects in the effectiveness of AI applications. The discussed framework provides practical recommendations regarding how AI can be implemented responsibly at a large scale in an organization as an integrated system. The findings of this study must be viewed as significant for future development of AI technologies from both reliability and ethical perspectives with a view to ensuring the growth of public confidence in the application of reliable artificial intelligence technologies in the various sectors of our society.
Modification and performance evaluation of IoT-enabled solar dryer for fish drying
Authors: Mainul Hasan  , Farhan Rakib Sarkar  , Shermin Aktar  , Khairul Islam
Published: January 2025

This study presents the modification and performance evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled solar dryer fitted for fish drying applications. Traditional solar dryers often lack precision control and monitoring mechanisms, resulting in suboptimal drying outcomes. To address this, we integrated IoT technology into the solar drying system, allowing user-interface monitoring and control of critical parameters. The modified solar dryer features sensors (DHT22, Lux) capturing data on temperature, humidity, and ambient conditions, which are relayed to a central control unit. This integration enables dynamic adjustments for optimal drying conditions. Key performance indicators, namely % moisture loss efficiency and drying rate were evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of the system. When compared to traditional sun dryers, three experimental trials using fresh fish samples under various conditions showed a considerable improvement in moisture loss efficiency. In contrast to 67% when drying in the sun, the percentage of total moisture loss in fish after 22 hours in the drying chamber was found to peak at 85%. Additionally, there was a notable improvement in the drying rate, demonstrating the IoT-enabled solar dryer's potential for effective fish drying. Sun-dried fish had an hourly average drying rate of 11.64 grams, whereas the IoT-based solar drier achieved an average of 14.77 grams per hour. With a decent user interface and a sustainable approach to fish preservation, this research sheds light on the mutually beneficial link between IoT technology and solar drying techniques. The results highlight the potential for incorporating smart technologies into food drying systems to address food processing and agricultural industry issues.
Barriers and enabling factors to antenatal clinic attendance among pregnant women: A cross-sectional assessment at Federal Medical Center Asaba Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Helen Utobore Ibingha  , Ukamaka Clementina Nwankwo
Published: January 2025

Increase antenatal care contact strengthen the chances of early identification of maternal and foetal risk; hence, early intervention to promote mother and child safety. This study identifies barriers and enabling factors to antenatal clinic attendance among pregnant women in FMC, Asaba Delta State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted, and a sample size of 300 pregnant women was employed in the study. A validated self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established through the Cronbach alpha method, which yielded 0.70. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, and the significance level was set at 0.05. The result shows that several barriers were identified with the presence of co-wives (mean = 3.1) and paternal education (mean = 3.1) being the most implicated with an overall mean of 2.93. The most enabling factors for ANC in this study were health insurance/user-free exemption (mean = 3.3), involvement in decision-making (mean = 3.1), husband/partner's approval (mean = 3.3), and supportive spouse (mean = 3.2), with a general mean of 2.95. ANC attendance was significantly associated with age and parity and insignificantly associated with education. In conclusion, to improve ANC attendance, targeted education, awareness programs and health insurance as enabler be implemented, emphasising the importance of ANC and addressing socio-economic, and cultural barriers.
HER-2 low in breast cancer: A new perspective for anti-HER-2 therapy
Authors: Afifah Jilan Hasninda  , Willy Sandhika
Published: January 2025

HER-2 is a transmembrane receptor of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) subfamily that functions physiologically in normal cell proliferation and differentiation. HER-2 overexpression is found in 20–30% of breast cancer patients. Thus, HER-2 is established as a prognosis marker and therapeutic target for anti-HER-2. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) issued guidelines for HER-2 classification based on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) examinations. Before ASCO/CAP issued the latest update to their guidelines, HER-2 classification was divided into HER-2 negative, equivocal, and positive. Only patients with HER-2 positive (HER-2 overexpression) received anti-HER-2 therapy. After the DESTINY-Breast04 trial demonstrated the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in breast cancer with low HER-2 levels, ASCO/CAP officially updated the guidelines by introducing a low HER-2 classification, which is HER-2 expression with an immunohistochemical (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ without HER-2 gene amplification on in situ hybridization (ISH). Trastuzumab deruxtecan exerts a substantial cytotoxic burden on HER-2-expressing tumor cells, significantly improving progression-free survival and overall survival compared with conventional chemotherapy. Reclassification of low HER-2 tumors bridges a critical gap in breast cancer management, providing a new perspective for patients with low HER-2 expression with anti-HER-2 therapy, thus highlighting the importance of accurate identification of HER-2 for prognosis determination and therapeutic reference in breast cancer. This review highlights HER-2 classification, the importance of IHC and ISH assays for HER-2 expression, and anti-HER-2 therapy options for HER-2 positive and HER-2 low based on the latest guidelines.
The role of AI in enhancing tax transparency and reducing evasion
Authors: Tolulope Aladebumoye
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing tax administration by enhancing transparency and reducing tax evasion. This paper investigates the integration of AI technologies within tax systems, evaluating their effectiveness in improving compliance and the proactive detection of non-compliance. Through a detailed analysis of case studies and existing literature, the research underscores AI’s capability to identify irregular patterns and predict potential evasion, thereby enabling tax authorities to take timely and effective actions. The paper also considers the ethical and privacy implications associated with deploying AI in tax systems, highlighting the need for robust safeguards. Overall, the findings demonstrate that AI not only supports more efficient tax collection but also promotes a fairer compliance environment.
Design, development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for concurrent estimation of tranexamic acid and ethamsylate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Sunitha N  , Hyphen Arnab Dhara  , Thangabalan B
Published: January 2025

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method is developed and validated for the determination of tranexamic acid Ethamsylate in bulk drug and marketed dosage forms. The chromatographic determination was performed on Shimadzu Lab solutions with a variable wavelength detector. The separation was conducted using thermoscientific Hypersil BDS (150 mm x 5 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (80:20, %v/v) ratio. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluents were monitored at wavelength 280 nm and found sharp and symmetrical peaks with retention times of 3.27 and 4.27 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and system suitability. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range 10-30µg/mL, 10-30µg/ml, with regression 0.999. The percentage recoveries for Tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate were found to be in the range of 100.41% and100.31 %, respectively. The developed HPLC technique is precise, specific, accurate, and stable. Hence, this study proves that the method is reproducible, selective, and suitable to be applied for the analysis of tranexamic acid Ethamsylate in commercial pharmaceutical dosage form for quality control applications.
Enhancing mathematical critical thinking through the core instructional model: The role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Nurjana Namko Ladjali  , Sarson W  , Dj Pomalato  , Nurhayati Abbas
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effects of the CORE instructional model on enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in mathematics, focusing on the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Critical thinking and emotional intelligence are pivotal in mathematics education, enabling students to analyze, evaluate, and solve complex problems while managing cognitive and emotional challenges. Despite their importance, traditional teaching methods often fail to address these dimensions effectively, necessitating innovative pedagogical approaches. A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare the effectiveness of the CORE model with conventional teaching methods among eighth-grade students. The study also examined the interaction between teaching methods and emotional intelligence levels. Data were collected through a critical thinking test and an emotional intelligence questionnaire, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the CORE model significantly outperformed conventional methods in fostering critical thinking skills. Students with higher emotional intelligence achieved superior outcomes under the CORE model, leveraging self-regulation and reflective practices. Even students with lower emotional intelligence showed notable improvements compared to traditional methods. These findings highlight the importance of integrating cognitive and emotional dimensions into instruction. This study contributes to educational research by demonstrating the CORE model’s efficacy and offering insights into its alignment with emotional intelligence. Implications for tailored instructional strategies and future research directions are discussed.
Phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted soil from Egbema Nigeria using Hibiscus cannabinus
Authors: Ifeoma Judith Nwajiobi  , Angela Chika Udebuani  , Toochukwu Ekwutosi Ogbulie  , Christopher Maduabuchi Duru
Published: January 2025

Crude oil pollution is an environmental problem affecting different areas around the world. The continual use of crude oil and its combustion products impact our environment and human health negatively. Phytoremediation is a process with recorded success in remediation activities. Physicochemical properties of unpolluted agricultural soil (control) crude oil-polluted soil and Egbema polluted soils were analyzed using standard methods prior to and after 90 days planting of Hibiscus cannabinus. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of soil samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results show that sample A3 had the highest agronomic properties (number of leaves, fresh weight and total plant height) which corresponds to the highest percent remediation (46.01%) obtained in the study. This shows a correlation between biomass production and crude oil removal in the phytoremediation plant Hibiscus cannabinus. In addition, soil pH and moisture content increased from mean range 4.80-7.30 and 2.50-15.50% to mean range of 5.10-8.20 and 5.00-27.90% respectively showing remediation activity of polluted soils. Hibiscus cannabinus therefore offer great potential in crude oil remediation from Egbema polluted sites.
Simplicia quality analysis and phytochemical screening of red bracts of Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Siti Fatimah Hanum  , Satheesh Babu Natarajan  , Muhammad Gousuddin  , Rizka Angrainy  , Berliana Irianti  , Manisha
Published: January 2025

Background: The Kepok banana plant (Musa paradisiaca L.) has been processed into food preparations, empirically used as medicine, and as a cosmetic for hair and skin care. Kepok banana flowers have bracts and male flowers contain nutritional content, namely carbohydrates, protein, low fat, high fiber and also minerals such as phosphorus, iron and calcium) as well as vitamins A, B1 and vitamin C. To determine the potential of the red bracts of Kepok banana flowers as an efficacious ingredient in medical and cosmetic preparations, simplicia characteristics testing was carried out to determine the quality of simplicial and phytochemical screening to determine secondary metabolite compounds in plant.
Objective: The aim of this research was to identify the characteristics of simplicia and screen phytochemicals in the red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.).
Method: This research was carried out experimentally in the Pharmaceutical and Chemical Technology laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College Malaysia. The red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) were dried by drying, protected from direct sunlight. Extract of the red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) was obtained using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with 70% ethanol solvent.
Results: Microscopic results of powder and fresh simplicia of red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) were obtained, epidermis fragments, xylem fibers, sclerenchyma fibers, anomocytic type stomata, endocarp and essential oil. The results of the simplicia quality inspection showed that the water soluble essence content was 37.15%, the ethanol soluble essence content was 16.57%, the water content was 5.31%, the total ash content was 9.04%. and the acid insoluble ash content was 2.42%. Phytochemical screening of the red bractea extract of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) obtained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids.
Conclusion: The results of the quality analysis of the simplicia red bracts of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) met the simplicia quality standards and the results of the phytochemical screening examination of the red bractea extract of the Kepok banana flower (Musa paradisiaca L.) contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids compounds.
Research on Generative AI Chatbot Service based on Academic Data
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Lee June-Hwan
Published: January 2025

Recent advances in large-scale language models (LLMs) have brought about significant changes in conversational chatbot systems by achieving excellent results in areas such as text generation, translation, and sentiment analysis. However, LLM-based chatbots have limitations in providing reliable responses due to problems such as hallucination, and this problem needs to be solved even more in areas such as bachelor's data where accuracy and recency are important. This study proposes a design and implementation method of a generative AI chatbot system based on bachelor's data by utilizing the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) structure, which allows the chatbot to retrieve necessary data in real time from not only internally stored learning data but also external reliable information sources, and generate answers based on them. Through this, the goal is to provide accurate and reliable responses tailored to the characteristics of bachelor's data. It suggests the possibility of implementing a question-answering system that can be safely and efficiently applied even in a non-public data environment by using a generative AI chatbot based on bachelor's data, and through this, allows users to quickly access and utilize the bachelor's information they need.
Study on the Corridor Form Using the Analysis Technic of the Actor-Based Model : Focusing on Elementary School Facilities
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Lee Seung Yong
Published: January 2025

Currently, due to the rapid decline of the school-age population in Korea, various perspectives on elementary school facilities and systems are being shared. In particular, recently, due to the future education policy of the Ministry of Education, elementary school facility spaces for various programs have been created. As a result, quantitative and qualitative developments have been made due to plans that focus on education and space allocation by program. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the safety of elementary school spaces applying the existing laws related to evacuation of elementary school facilities and whether evacuation and evacuation plans through corridor spaces are appropriate. In this study, we would like to analyze the problem of space through the simulation of the evacuation process from the corridor space to the evacuation exit and present basic data that can be used in future elementary school facility planning.
File Protection Technique using AES Encryption
Authors:   Korean Institute of Smart Media, Lee Kwang Kyu
Published: January 2025

In an increasingly diverse work environment and increasingly intelligent cyber-attacks, the existing perimeter-based data security is no longer effective. In particular, sensitive information such as personal information should be encrypted and stored or transmitted so that only authorized users can access it. In this paper, we use the most secure AES symmetric key encryption algorithm and SHA-512-based hash algorithm to generate a unique key for the encryption and decryption process of important files stored in a computer system to provide confidentiality. Based on this, we implement an AES encryption file technique that ensures that only authorized users can safely access files by comparing the generated unique key with the system key.
Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Sukamto Filia Icha , Nasriati Ririn , Munawaroh Siti , Dwi Rahayu Yayuk
Published: January 2025

Self Harm merupakan perilaku yang cenderung merugikan diri sendiri untuk mengatasi rasa sakit yang dialami secara emosional karena permasalahan dan tekanan psikologi yang dapat mengarah pada perilaku bunuh diri dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Remaja cenderung melakukan self harm sebagai Upaya untuk mengatasi berbagai macam tekanan emosi yang dialaminya.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi dengan media video terhadap perilaku self harm pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pre eksperimen one group pretest dan post test.  Sampel penelitian ini adalah remaja di desa Koripan Kecamatan Bungkal Ponorogo dengan jumlah 43 orang yang diambil dengan teknik sampel purpossive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji Wlcoxon Sign Rank test. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai signifikansi (p value=0,340 < a=0.05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada pengaruh edukasi dengan video terhadap perilaku self harm pada remaja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk merubah perilaku self harm pada remaja tidak cukup efektif hanya menggunakan video edukasi namun membutuhkan intervensi yang lain.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN ROM TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN ROM KELUARGA PENDERITA STROKE
Authors: Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Fitriana Nurul Fatwati
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang: Keluarga pasien berperan dalam tahap pemulihan pasien stroke. Kelemahan otot yang dialami mengganggu aktivitas dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan ROM. Edukasi keluarga pasien tentang ROM diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan keluarga, sehingga dapat mendampingi proses pemulihan pasien.
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan ROM terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan ROM keluarga penderita stroke di  RSUD Prof. DR. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto.
Metode: Jenis kuasi eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-postest. Sampel sebanyak 39 orang diambil dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan SOP ROM. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji t dependent.
Hasil:  Tingkat pengetahuan  responden minimal sebelum pendidikan kesehatan sebesar 9, sesudah mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan meningkat menjadi 12. Sedangkan ketrampilan keluarga responden minimal sebelum pendidikan kesehatan sebesar 2, sesudah mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan meningkat menjadi 7. Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan ROM terhadap tingkat pengetahuan keluarga penderita stroke (p = 0,001). Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan ROM terhadap ketrampilan ROM keluarga penderita stroke (p = 0,001).
Kesimpulan: pendidikan kesehatan ROM berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan ketrampilan  keluarga pasien stroke di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto.
Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Ketrampilan, Keluarga Pasien, Pendidikan ROM
HIJRAH AND RECTIFICATION OF MUSLIM IDENTITY: The Case of Campus Da’wah Activists in Pontianak City
Authors: Syahbudi Syahbudi , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Ali Roslan Bin , Hayanuddin Safri
Published: January 2025

From its inception, hijrah in Islamic tradition referred to the Prophet Muhammad’s geographical migration from a perilous environment to a place of peace. Over time, however, hijrah has evolved to encompass broader notions of transformation, including shifts in lifestyle, adoption of Islamic attire, and changes in social relationships. These developments illustrate that hijrah is a fluid and multifaceted concept. It explores how these activists experience and manage hijrah in terms of acceptance and supervision. Key questions addressed include: How do campus da’wah activists construct and sustain their identity through hijrah in the context of modernity? What role does the state play in shaping religious life? The article argues that hijrah represents not only a journey of self-improvement but also a subtle form of resistance to state influence in regulating religious practices, particularly as communities navigate the negative aspects of modernity. The interplay between hijrah, the state, and modernity is characterized by selective engagement, prioritizing lifestyle changes over ideological shifts. Using Peter L. Berger’s social construction framework—encompassing externalization, objectification, and internalization—the article concludes that the spirit of hijrah within this framework significantly shapes perspectives on the state’s role in religious affairs.
Keywords: Hijrah; identity, state role, Islamic thought, modernity.
A városi zöldfelületek szerepe az árvízveszély csökkentésében: A kínai Zhengzhou Erqi kerületének GIS-modellezési esettanulmánya
Authors: ZHANG Xiaoyan , WANG Xinyu , TÖRÖK Zsolt Győző
Published: January 2025

A városi területeken előforduló áradások gyakoribb előfordulásával és súlyosbodásával a modern várostervezés fokozott figyelmetfordít a városi zöldfelület és a felszíni lefolyás kapcsolatának a tanulmányozására, különösen a zöldfelületek térbeli elhelyezkedésének és a lefolyáscsillapítás összefüggésének feltárására. Tanulmányunkban a kínai Zhengzhou város Erqi kerületének példáján vizsgáljuk a városi zöldfelületek elhelyezkedése és a lefolyás csillapítási hatékonyság közötti összefüggését. Célunk a zöldterületek térbeli szerkezete és lefolyáscsillapításának mértékének megértése az ellenálóbb városok tervezése érdekében. Vizsgálatunkban GISplatformon,a D8 algoritmus felhasználásával modellezzük a lehetséges felszíni lefolyást a városi mintaterülete. Az árvízkockázati felmérést utcaszinten is elvégezzük, hogy feltárjuk a zöldfelületekre nehezedő lefolyási terhelést. A zöldfelületi lefolyáscsillapítás hatékonyságának heterogenitási jellemzőit és a városi árvízkockázatot vizsgáljuk, amely referenciaként szolgálhat a városi árvízkockázat csökkentésének tervezéséhez.