bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Measurement of Healthcare Service and Association Discussion between Quality and Efficiency: Evidence from 31 Provinces of Mainland China
Authors: Du Tao
Published: January 2018

Performance of healthcare service includes quality and efficiency, so there is inevitably an association between them. In general, it is believed that there is a trade-off between quality and efficiency; however, we prove that it is not completely accurate. We take the quality as an additional output to measure the healthcare service efficiency creatively, and discuss the association between quality and efficiency based on the effect of quality on relative efficiency. Firstly, we use TOPSIS method to calculate relative quality index values of healthcare service of 31 provinces of mainland China. This practice ensures the consistent comparison of 31 provinces’ qualities. Subsequently, we measure the 31 provinces’ relative performances and efficiencies of healthcare service with consideration of quality or not, by constructing DEA models. Then, we analyze the association between quality and efficiency from each group of the national, east, central and west, and conclude that the association between them is different along with their advantage degrees of quality and efficiency. Finally, we use the Tobit regression method to test 12 environment variables’ net impacts on efficiency values both with consideration of quality or not. The results indicate that the main drivers of healthcare service efficiency are different when we take quality as an additional output or not. This article contributes to the field of performance measurement of healthcare service, puts forward a new method to integrate quality and efficiency and provides management guidelines.
The Impact of Flipped Learning on Cooperative and Competitive Mindsets
Authors: Kwon Jung , Woo Hyung
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the effect of flipped learning in business education, especially teaching corporate sustainability. Although the effect of flipped learning has been demonstrated in many education avenues, it is still rare in business education. To address this, we designed a flipped learning course for teaching corporate sustainability and implemented it in the autumn semester of 2016 at H University. The six classes of 157 university students were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups according to a pre-test–post-test control group design. The treatment groups were provided with the funnel experiment as pre-learning material based on flipped learning, but the control groups were instructed without it using the existing instructor-led ways. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used to verify the difference between the pre- and post-test scores of the cooperative/competitive mindset to compare the two groups. The results revealed that the cooperative mindset scores in the treatment groups were improved more than those of the control groups. The competitive mindset scores in the treatment groups, on the other hand, were decreased more than those of the students in the control groups. These findings suggest that flipped learning methods may be a promising approach to enhance students’ awareness of sustainable management in business.
Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Collivignarelli Maria , Abbà Alessandro , Benigna Ilaria , Sorlini Sabrina , Torretta Vincenzo
Published: January 2018

The use of water disinfection as a public health measure reduces the spread of diseases. Various disinfection technologies can be used to meet the pathogen inactivation demand in water. This work is an overview of the main disinfection technologies of wastewater and drinking water that reports for the conventional processes the action mechanism, the possible formation of by-products, the operative conditions, the advantages and disadvantages. For advanced and natural processes the action mechanisms are reported. Advanced technologies are interesting but are still in the research state, while conventional technologies are the most used. There is a tendency, especially in Italy, to use chlorine-based disinfectant, despite in some forms could lead to production of disinfection by-products.
The Effects of Operational Structure Change on Performance after Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Ahn Chihyoun , Kim Mi-Ok , Jung Hyung-Rok
Published: January 2018

Sustainability is directly linked to firms’ survival in competitive markets. To survive, firms need extra capital, and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) are one sustainability strategy. Additional resources from SEOs lead to changes in firms’ operational structure, which brings future sustainability. This study investigates whether there is sustainability in firms’ operational structure and the effects of sustainable development on operational performance and market reaction. We measure the operational structure change of firms as three proxies: (1) the rate of increase in the number of operating segments, (2) the Berry–Herfindahl index using the ratio of sales of each operating segment out of total sales, and (3) the size of net investment in plant and equipment. Our results show that operational structure change has a statistically significant and positive correlation with long-term operating performance. In addition, there is no significant stock price response at first, but the operating performance in the next term is perceived as a favorable factor after three years. The results show that there are different responses in the stock market toward operational structure change. The empirical results confirm that firms with SEO have sustainable development in operational structure and that markets recognize firms’ sustainability strategy arising from SEOs.
The Sustainable Development of the Economic-Energy-Environment (3E) System under the Carbon Trading (CT) Mechanism: A Chinese Case
Authors: Zhao Xingang , Zhang Yuzhuo , Liang Ji , Li Yanbin , Jia Rongda , Wang Ling
Published: January 2018

The implementation of the carbon trading (CT) mechanism is important for the transformation of China’s renewable energy industry, thereby affecting the structure of energy, economy, and the environment, and determining the sustainable development of China’s economic-energy-environment (3E) system in the future. This paper constructs a 3E system simulation model under the CT mechanism based on the theory of system dynamics and taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example. We study the internal operation mechanism of the carbon emissions trading system and its impact on 3E by combing the related mechanisms of the CT market, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP), thereby helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that the implementation of CT can effectively reduce energy consumption growth and carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the negative impact of CT implementation on GDP is significantly lower than its positive impact on reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Thus, the CT mechanism is conducive to the sustainable development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region’s 3E system. In addition, reducing the total amount of quota, reducing free quota, and increasing CT price can effectively promote carbon emission reduction, thus promoting the sustainable development of the 3E system.
On the Interdependence of the Financial Market and Open Access Spectrum Market in the 5G Network
Authors: Gazda Juraj , Tóth Peter , Zausinová Jana , Vološin Marcel , Gazda Vladimír
Published: January 2018

Modern 5G networks offer a large space for innovation and a completely new approach to addressing network functioning. A fixed spectrum assignment policy is a significant limitation of today’s wireless communication network practice and is to be replaced by a completely new approach called dynamic spectrum access (DSA). However, there is no general agreement on the organization of the DSA. Some studies suggest that open access market can be inspired by the electricity or financial markets. It allows to treat operators with region coverage as investors entering the market and trading the spectra on an on-demand basis. Because investors operate in both the financial markets and the markets for spectra, new interference between both markets emerges. Our paper shows how the risk-free rate of return stemming from the financial markets influences the techno-economic properties of the network. We show that, for low risk-free returns, the spectrum market becomes oversupplied, which keeps service prices very low and spectrum trading volumes large. In contrast, if risk-free returns are high, then spectrum trading volumes decline and the market becomes price sensitive; in other words, economic rules begin to work better.
An Effective Authentication Scheme Using DCT for Mobile Devices
Authors: Chang Chin-Chen , Lu Tzu-Chuen , Zhu Zhao-Hua , Tian Hui
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes an image authentication scheme for mobile devices. The proposed scheme generates an image watermark by using discrete cosine transform (DCT) and hides the watermark in the spatial pixels for image authentication and tamper detection. The hiding operator used in this paper is very simple in a mobile environment allowing high-speed authentication using a low-power mobile device. The quality of the stego-image and the recovered image becomes excellent as a result of the proposed scheme.
ROS-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induced by Zearalenone in Mouse Sertoli Cells via ER Stress and the ATP/AMPK Pathway
Authors: Zheng Wang-Long , Wang Bing-Jie , Wang Ling , Shan Yu-Ping , Zou Hui , Song Rui-Long , Wang Tao , Gu Jian-Hong , Yuan Yan , Liu Xue-Zhong , Zhu Guo-Qiang , Bai Jian-Fa , Liu Zong-Ping , Bian Jian-Chun
Published: January 2018

Zearalenone (ZEA) can perturb the differentiation of cells, reduce the generation of reproductive cells and induce a death of germ cells, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In order to investigate the potential mechanism of ZEA-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we studied the effects of ZEA on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, cell-cycle-related proteins, cell death, cell apoptosis, ROS generation and the ATP/AMPK pathway in Sertoli cells. The role of ROS, ER stress and the ATP/AMPK pathway in ZEA-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis was explored by using the antioxidant NAC, ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA and the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin, respectively. The results revealed that ZEA inhibited the cell proliferation, influenced the distribution of the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis through the ATP/AMPK pathway. The ATP/AMPK pathway was regulated by ER stress that was induced by ROS generation after exposure to ZEA. Taking these together, this study provided evidence that ROS regulated the process of ZEA-induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis through ER stress and the ATP/AMPK signal ways.
Tick-, Flea-, and Louse-Borne Diseases of Public Health and Veterinary Significance in Nigeria
Authors: Oguntomole Oluwaseun , Nwaeze Ugochukwu , Eremeeva Marina
Published: January 2018

Mosquito-borne diseases are common high-impact diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. However, other non-mosquito vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) may share their geographic distribution, seasonality, and clinical manifestations, thereby contributing their share to the morbidity and mortality caused by febrile illnesses in these regions. The purpose of this work was to collect and review existing information and identify knowledge gaps about tick, flea-, and louse-borne diseases of veterinary and public health significance in Nigeria. Full-length articles about VBPs were reviewed and relevant information about the vectors, their hosts, geographic distribution, seasonality, and association(s) with human or veterinary diseases was extracted. Specific laboratory tools used for detection and identification of VBPs in Nigeria were also identified. A total of 62 original publications were examined. Substantial information about the prevalence and impacts of ticks and fleas on pet and service dogs (18 articles), and livestock animals (23 articles) were available; however, information about their association with and potential for causing human illnesses was largely absent despite the zoonotic nature of many of these peri-domestic veterinary diseases. Recent publications that employed molecular methods of detection demonstrated the occurrence of several classic (Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia africae, Bartonella sp.) and emerging human pathogens (R. aeschlimannii, Neoehrlichia mikurensis) in ticks and fleas. However, information about other pathogens often found in association with ticks (R. conorii) and fleas (R. typhi, R. felis) across the African continent was lacking. Records of louse-borne epidemic typhus in Nigeria date to 1947; however, its current status is not known. This review provides an essential baseline summary of the current knowledge in Nigeria of non-mosquito VBPs, and should stimulate improvements in the surveillance of the veterinary and human diseases they cause in Nigeria. Due to increasing recognition of these diseases in other African countries, veterinary and public health professionals in Nigeria should expand the list of possible diseases considered in patients presenting with fever of unknown etiology.
Higher Spin Fields in Hyperspace. A Review
Authors: Sorokin Dmitri , Tsulaia Mirian
Published: January 2018

We give an introduction to the so-called tensorial, matrix or hyperspace approach to the description of massless higher-spin fields.
Parallels of Belated Recognition: Bolyai János and Károlyházy Frigyes
Authors: Kádár György
Published: January 2018

There was an obvious parallelism between the lives of the two Hungarian men of science: János Bolyai a genial geometer and Frigyes Károlyházy a missionary of education in the field of modern physics. Both of them selected and solved a complex problem that was too difficult for the majority of scientists of their times. Their work was criticized authoritatively by high rank scientists of their discipline, which led to their withdrawal from science. The belated recognition of the Non-Euclidean geometry and the gravity inspired quantum-mechanical state reduction put these excellent achievements to their deserved right place.
Hamiltonian Dynamics of Doubly-Foliable Space-Times
Authors: Gergely Cecília , Keresztes Zoltán , Gergely László
Published: January 2018

The 2 + 1 + 1 decomposition of space-time is useful in monitoring the temporal evolution of gravitational perturbations/waves in space-times with a spatial direction singled-out by symmetries. Such an approach based on a perpendicular double foliation has been employed in the framework of dark matter and dark energy-motivated scalar-tensor gravitational theories for the discussion of the odd sector perturbations of spherically-symmetric gravity. For the even sector, however, the perpendicularity has to be suppressed in order to allow for suitable gauge freedom, recovering the 10th metric variable. The 2 + 1 + 1 decomposition of the Einstein–Hilbert action leads to the identification of the canonical pairs, the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints. Hamiltonian dynamics is then derived via Poisson brackets.
Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (BmNPV) Induces Host Cell Autophagy to Benefit Infection
Authors: Wang La , Xiao Qin , Zhou Xiao-Lin , Zhu Yan , Dong Zhan-Qi , Chen Peng , Pan Min-Hui , Lu Cheng
Published: January 2018

Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is an important pathogen of silkworms. Despite extensive studies in recent decades, the interaction between BmNPV and host cells is still not clearly understood. Autophagy is an intrinsic innate immune mechanism and it controls infection autonomously in virus-infected cells. In this study, we found that BmNPV infection could trigger autophagy, as demonstrated by the formation of autophagosomes, fluorescent Autophagy-related gene 8-Green Fluorescent Protein (ATG8-GFP) punctate, and lipidated ATG8. Meanwhile, autophagic flux increased significantly when monitored by the ATG8-GFP-Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) autophagy tandem sensor and protein degradation of p62. In addition, almost all of the identified autophagy-related genes (Atgs) had been up-regulated post infection in mRNA levels. Then, we screened Atgs with the greatest fold-change during virus infection. Interestingly, all of the screened Atgs positively regulated the expression of virus genes. Further studies showed that Atg7 and Atg9 could contribute to the level of autophagy caused by viral infection. Our results demonstrated that BmNPV induced host cell autophagy to benefit its infection. These results offer insight into the complex interactions between virus and host cell, and viral pathogenesis.
Interactions between Enteric Bacteria and Eukaryotic Viruses Impact the Outcome of Infection
Authors: Berger Angela , Mainou Bernardo
Published: January 2018

Enteric viruses encounter a multitude of environments as they traverse the gastrointestinal tract. The interaction of enteric eukaryotic viruses with members of the host microbiota impacts the outcome of infection. Infection with several enteric viruses is impaired in the absence of the gut microbiota, specifically bacteria. The effects of bacteria on virus biology are diverse. Poliovirus capsid stability and receptor engagement are positively impacted by bacteria and bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Norovirus utilizes histo-blood group antigens produced by enteric bacteria to attach and productively infect B cells. Lipopolysaccharides on the envelope of mouse mammary tumor virus promote a tolerogenic environment that allows for the establishment of viral persistence. Reovirus binds Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria through bacterial envelope components to enhance virion thermostability. Through the direct engagement of bacteria and bacterial components, viruses evolved diverse ways to impact the outcome of infection.
Blood Coagulation Factor X Exerts Differential Effects on Adenovirus Entry into Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Findlay James , Cook Graham , Blair G.
Published: January 2018

It has been proposed that blood coagulation factors, principally factor X (FX), enhance the uptake of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) into cultured epithelial cells by bridging the viral hexon capsid protein and cell-surface heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). We studied the effects of FX on Ad transduction of lymphoid cell lines (NK92MI, a natural killer cell line; Daudi, a B-cell line and Jurkat, a T-cell line) as well as primary peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and HeLa epithelial cells using either replication-deficient Ad5, or a derivative in which the Ad5 fiber was replaced with that of another Ad type, Ad35, termed Ad5F35. PBL and NK92MI were resistant to Ad5 transduction. Transduction of Jurkat and Daudi cells by Ad5 was reduced by FX but without discernible effects on cell-surface Ad5 binding. FX reduced virus binding and transduction of all lymphoid cell lines by Ad5F35, as well as transduction of the T- and Natural Killer (NK)-cell populations of PBL. Flow cytometry analysis showed that all lymphoid cell lines were negative for HSPG components, in contrast to HeLa cells. FX reduced transduction of an HSPG-negative mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHOpgsA745) by Ad5 and Ad5F35, with Ad5F35 binding also being reduced by FX. These results point to fiber-dependent differences (Ad5 versus Ad35 fiber) in Ad binding to and transduction of human lymphoid and epithelial cells in the presence of FX.
Searching for Extragalactic Sources in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey
Authors: Baravalle Laura D. , Alonso M. Victoria , Castellón José Luis Nilo , Beamín Juan Carlos , Minniti Dante
Published: January 2018

We search for extragalactic sources in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey that are hidden by the Galaxy. Herein, we describe our photometric procedure to find and characterize extragalactic objects using a combination of SExtractor and PSFEx. It was applied in two tiles of the survey: d010 and d115, without previous extragalactic IR detections, in order to obtain photometric parameters of the detected sources. The adopted criteria to define extragalactic candidates include

1.0 < 

2.1 < C < 5; and

and the colors: 0.5 < (J–K

s
) < 2.0 mag; 0.0 < (J–H) < 1.0 mag; 0.0 < (H–K

s
) < 2.0 mag and (J–H) + 0.9 (H–K

s
) > 0.44 mag. We detected 345 and 185 extragalactic candidates in the d010 and d115 tiles, respectively. All of them were visually inspected and confirmed to be galaxies. In general, they are small and more circular objects, due to the near-IR sensitivity to select more compact objects with higher surface brightness. The procedure will be used to identify extragalactic objects in other tiles of the VVV disk, which will allow us to study the distribution of galaxies and filaments hidden by the Milky Way.
NuSTAR and Swift Observations of Swift J1357.2–0933 During an Early Phase of Its 2017 Outburst
Authors: Stiele H. , Kong A. K. H.
Published: January 2018

We present a detailed spectral analysis of Swift and NuSTAR observations of the very faint X-ray transient and black hole system, Swift J1357.2–0933, during an early, low-hard state of its 2017 outburst. Swift J1357.2–0933 was observed at ∼0.02% of the Eddington luminosity (for a distance of 2.3 kpc and a mass of

). Despite the low luminosity, the broadband X-ray spectrum between 0.3 and 78 keV requires the presence of a disk blackbody component with an inner disk temperature of

in addition to a thermal Comptonization component with a photon index of

. Using a more physical model, which takes strong relativistic effects into account, and assuming a high inclination of 70°, which is motivated by the presence of dips in optical light curves, we find that the accretion disk is truncated within a few

from the black hole, independent of the spin.
Exploring the Variability of the Flat Spectrum Radio Source 1633+382. I. Phenomenology of the Light Curves
Authors: Algaba Juan-Carlos , Lee Sang-Sung , Kim Dae-Won , Rani Bindu , Hodgson Jeffrey , Kino Motoki , Trippe Sascha , Park Jong-Ho , Zhao Guang-Yao , Byun Do-Young , Gurwell Mark , Kang Sin-Cheol , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Jeong-Sook , Kim Soon-Wook , Lott Benoit , Miyazaki Atsushi , Wajima Kiyoaki
Published: January 2018

We present multi-frequency simultaneous VLBI radio observations of the flat spectrum radio quasar 1633+382 (4C 38.41) as part of the interferometric monitoring of γ-ray-bright active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program combined with additional observations in the radio, optical, X-rays, and γ-rays carried out during the period 2012 March–2015 August. The monitoring of this source reveals a significant long-lived increase in its activity for approximately two years in the radio bands, which correlates with a similar increase in all other bands from submillimeter to γ-rays. A significant correlation is also found between radio fluxes and simultaneous spectral indices during this period. The study of the discrete correlation function indicates time lags smaller than the uncertainties of ∼40 days among both radio bands and high-energy bands, and a time lag of ∼70 days, with γ-rays leading radio emission. We interpret this as showing that the high-energy and radio fluxes arise from different emitting regions, located at 1 ± 13 and 40 ± 13 pc from the central engine respectively.
The Dispersion of Fast Radio Bursts from a Structured Intergalactic Medium at Redshifts z < 1.5
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Danforth Charles W.
Published: January 2018

We analyze the sources of free electrons that produce the large dispersion measures,

(in units of cm−3 pc), observed toward fast radio bursts (FRBs). Individual galaxies typically produce

from ionized gas in their disk, disk-halo interface, and circumgalactic medium. Toward an FRB source at redshift z, a homogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) containing a fraction

of cosmological baryons will produce

, where

. A structured IGM of photoionized Lyα absorbers in the cosmic web produces similar dispersion, modeled from the observed distribution,

, of H i (Lyα-forest) absorbers in column density and redshift with ionization corrections and scaling relations from cosmological simulations. An analytic formula for DM(z) applied to observed FRB dispersions suggests that

for an IGM containing a significant baryon fraction,

. Future surveys of the statistical distribution, DM(

, of FRBs identified with specific galaxies and redshifts can be used to calibrate the IGM baryon fraction and distribution of Lyα absorbers. Fluctuations in DM at the level ±10 cm−3 pc will arise from filaments and voids in the cosmic web.
Advanced Pretibial Melanoma (APM): Clinicians Behaviour As Triggering Factor?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Pidakev Ivan , Chokoeva Anastasiya Atanasova , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Maximov Georgi Konstantinov , Lozev Ilia
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Pigmented lesions represent a broad spectrum of clinical conditions, both benign and malignant. The precise diagnosis is often a challenge, while the clinical diagnostic criteria could be misleading, as a result of the frequently atypical presentation of otherwise completely benign in nature lesions. The variety of therapeutic options for benign pigmented lesions including shave curettage, local laser destruction, electrocoagulation removal could sound enticingly both for the physician and patient, but they destroy the possibility for histological examination and provide a deceptively feeling of calm, that the problem is solved. If there is even a minimum chance for misdiagnosis, the risk could be a human life. Furthermore, a simple surgical excision could provide total resolution of the problem, with correct histological verification and further therapeutic measurements, if needed.CASE REPORT: We present a case of a patient, with advanced pretibial melanoma with multiple lung metastases, misdiagnosed as a seborrheic keratosis, treated with shave-curettage 6 months earlier, as we want to emphasize the importance of the correct therapeutic method in all cases with pigmented lesions with unknown origin, in order to minimize the risk of dramatic consequences of misdiagnosis of melanoma. So, we want to ask you- is this risk justified?CONCLUSION: So, we want to ask you - is this risk justified?
Van Lohuizen Syndrome – A Case Report with a Diagnostic Delay of Four Years
Authors: Wollina Uwe , França Katlein , Lotti Torello , Tchernev Georgi
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Cutis marmorata telangiectatic congenital or Van Lohuizen syndrome is a rare vascular disorder that may be associated with other congenital malformations. Around 300 cases have been reported so far.CASE REPORT: We present a 4-year-old girl with Van Lohuizen syndrome of the leg, but without any other malformations.CONCLUSION: Neonatal lupus erythematosus may resemble congenital vasculopathy, but histopathology and immune-serology are characteristic.
Practical solutions for bottlenecks in ecosystem services mapping
Authors: Palomo Ignacio , Willemen Louise , Drakou Evangelia , Burkhard Benjamin , Crossman Neville , Bellamy Chloe , Burkhard Kremena , Campagne C. Sylvie , Dangol Anuja , Franke Jonas , Kulczyk Sylwia , Le Clec'h Solen , Abdul Malak Dania , Muñoz Lorena , Narusevicius Vytautas , Ottoy Sam , Roelens Jennifer , Sing Louise , Thomas Amy , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Verweij Peter
Published: January 2018

Ecosystem services (ES) mapping is becoming mainstream in many sustainability assessments, but its impact on real world decision-making is still limited. Robustness, end-user relevance and transparency have been identified as key attributes needed for effective ES mapping. However, these requirements are not always met due to multiple challenges, referred to here as bottlenecks, that scientists, practitioners, policy makers and users from other public and private sectors encounter along the mapping process.

A selection of commonly encountered ES mapping bottlenecks that relate to seven themes: i) map-maker map-user interaction; ii) nomenclature and ontologies; iii) skills and background; iv) data and maps availability; v) methods-selection; vi) technical difficulties; and vii) over-simplification of mapping process/output. The authors synthesise the variety of solutions already applied by map-makers and map-users to mitigate or cope with these bottlenecks and discuss the emerging trade-offs amongst different solutions. Tackling the bottlenecks described here is a crucial first step towards more effective ES mapping, which can in turn ensure the adequate impact of ES mapping in decision-making.
Exécution et régularisation
Authors: Fuchs Olivier
Published: January 2018

Le juge administratif, dans un souci de réalisme et d’effet utile de ses décisions, a multiplié les hypothèses dans lesquelles l’administration peut régulariser un acte entaché d’illégalité. L’office du juge de l’injonction en est modifié. Ces décisions, en particulier la décision Commune d’Emerainville du 1 er juillet 2016, tracent une voie sans doute fructueuse pour l’avenir. Plusieurs interrogations demeurent toutefois.
Le « macronisme » et la fin des partis traditionnels ?
Authors: Choffat Thierry
Published: January 2018

Pour des raisons différentes, mais le plus souvent liées à l’élection présidentielle d’avril-mai 2017, les partis politiques traditionnels semblent bien en peine. Les observateurs voient un Parti communiste en mort clinique depuis longtemps, un Parti socialiste à l’agonie, Les Républicains bien malades, le Front national sous perfusion et Debout La France mis à mal après une « tentative de suicide » entre les deux tours de la présidentielle. Les primaires – de droite d’abord, puis de gauche – ont parfois vidé de leur substance les partis qui, selon l’article 4 de la Constitution de 1958 doivent pourtant concourir « à l’expression du suffrage. Ils se forment et exercent leurs activités librement. Ils doivent respecter les principes de la souveraineté nationale et de la démocratie ». L’arrivée à l’Elysée d’Emmanuel Macron a encore plus perturbé le système partisan. Pour la première fois depuis longtemps, un candidat non investi par un parti de gouvernement s’est imposé dans une élection présidentielle. Pire, ceux qui ont alterné au pouvoir au fil des décennies précédentes, PS et LR, ne sont pas parvenus à se qualifier pour le second tour, laissant l’affrontement final se jouer entre la candidate d’extrême droite et le vainqueur qui revendiquait son absence d’implantation à droite ou à gauche. Au traditionnel faible nombre d’adhérents des partis français s’ajoute depuis la défaite aux législatives de juin 2017, un évident manque budgétaire, les suffrages (première fraction du financement public des partis politique) et les parlementaires (seconde fraction) conditionnant l’apport financier de l’État. La volonté de dépassement du clivage droite/gauche a enfin contribué à faire exploser les repères et les organisations. Les ralliements à la nouvelle majorité présidentielle, venus de l’UDI, du PS ou de LR, ont perturbé les mouvements. On peut presque s’interroger sur la pertinence actuelle du vieux clivage droite/gauche mis à mal par les scrutins d’avril, mai et juin 2017. Avec cette évolution partisane, ne revient-on pas aux fondements même de la Cinquième République ? En 1958, le général de Gaulle avait fondé l’espoir que les institutions nouvelles allaient entraîner la quasi-disparition des partis politiques omniprésents sous la le régime précédent. La réforme constitutionnelle de 1962 allait dans ce sens, l’élection présidentielle au suffrage universel direct devait provoquer la rencontre entre un homme et le peuple sans que des corps intermédiaires n’interviennent outre mesure. Mais très vite, les partis se sont transformés en « écurie présidentielle » et se sont rendus indispensables. Sans les partis, un candidat n’avait que peu de chances de s’imposer dans une compétition présidentielle. Les exemples de Raymond Barre en 1988 ou d’Edouard Balladur en 1995 étaient flagrants. En 2017, un constat inverse s’impose. On peut désormais se poser la question de la place des partis, voire de leur survie, dans la vie politique.
Former en prévenant les abus. Démaîtrise et responsabilité ecclésiale
Authors: Hausman Noëlle
Published: January 2018

Les responsables de formation des futurs prêtres ou religieux sont plus que jamais requis d’aborder, avec les candidats, les questions affectives et sexuelles inhérentes à leur maturation humaine et spirituelle. Il s’agit premièrement, pour les accompagnateurs de séminaristes ou de novices, d’opérer un travail sur eux-mêmes en vue d’aborder avec les jeunes le domaine délicat des comportements plus ou moins perturbés. C’est sur l’horizon d’un équilibre global des personnes que peuvent s’insérer les problématiques liées aux dérives et abus de toutes sortes.
Voler sur les deux ailes de la charité. Les Psaumes des montées commentés par saint Augustin
Authors: Favry Anne-Claire
Published: January 2018

Dans les Enarrationes sur les Psaumes des montées (Ps 119-133), Augustin explique à ses auditeurs comment monter vers Dieu. À l’image de l’échelle, inspirée du titre latin Canticum graduum , il ajoute celle des ailes de l’âme, identifiées aux deux préceptes de l’amour de Dieu et du prochain. Il délivre ainsi un riche enseignement sur la charité par laquelle on vit ici-bas dans la paix, et par laquelle on parvient, dans l’unité, à la Pax , terme de notre ascension, Dieu lui-même.
Le pèlerinage ignatien : entre ascèse, identité et mystique
Authors: Brouillette André
Published: January 2018

Le texte du Récit du pèlerin de St Ignace de Loyola, se situant au croisement du pèlerinage médiéval et de la modernité, présente trois instances distinctes : la démarche ascétique, la recherche d’identité et la quête mystique. L’analyse de l’usage du pèlerinage par Ignace dans la Compagnie de Jésus naissante montre cependant que le pèlerinage y touche principalement les dimensions ascétique et identitaire, oblitérant ainsi le sommet proprement mystique du cheminement d’Ignace qui ouvrait à un pèlerinage intérieur sans limite.
Dimensions spirituelles du taiji quan à travers la pratique du pousser des mains
Authors: Dreyer Serge
Published: January 2018

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la pratique du taiji quan s’est répandue en France au prix d’un détournement de la nature de cette discipline qui, d’un art martial chinois à l’origine, est devenue essentiellement une pratique de santé avec une vocation spirituelle faisant vaguement référence au taoïsme. Sans pointer les responsabilités de ce détournement, Chen Zhi Qiang, petit-fils de Chen Fa ke (2016), une sommité du monde du taiji quan en Chine, montre qu’il ne faut pas limiter la pratique aux seuls mouvements lents : il est nécessaire d’équilibrer le yin et le yang –  comme le sans-forme et la forme, le mou et le rigide – dans la pratique comme dans toutes les situations de la vie. C’est dans une conception organique de cette discipline, incluant ses aspects martiaux, qu’une véritable spiritualité semble pouvoir émerger. Le tuishou (pousser des mains), l’une des pratiques martiales caractéristiques du taiji quan , est ici pris en exemple pour montrer comment quelques notions chinoises telles que wuwei (notre définition d’« intervention minimum pour être/rester en phase avec l’autre » est préférable dans le cadre du tuishou ), le yin et le yang peuvent être vécues à travers la mise en scène martiale du corps. D’autres aspects comme le conditionnement physique et spirituel à travers le fangsong (détente) permettent de retrouver des préoccupations spirituelles simples telles que le lâcher-prise, l’écoute de l’autre, etc. Dès lors, pratiques corporelle et spirituelle ne font plus qu’un.
Role and Importance of Ethics in Research
Authors: Simelane-Mnisi Sibongile
Published: January 2018

Ethics relate to the manner in which a researcher treats participants in the research study. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss and explain the role and the importance of ethics in educational research. Firstly, an explanation of ethics is presented. This is followed by the discussion on the importance of ethics in research. Thereafter, a framework for ethical analysis is presented. Furthermore, the important role that needs to be considered when conducting a research is provided. Reference is made to the target university's ethics processes and procedures for the qualification purposes. It may be concluded that for every research study to be conducted, it is important to follow the ethics in order for the researcher to know how to treat and conduct the participants in the research. It is recommended that researchers protect the interests of vulnerable groups throughout the research process.
Ensuring Research Integrity
Authors: Ovia Ebikaboere
Published: January 2018

Ethics is the study of man's internalization of his understanding of terms such as value, dignity, integrity, fairness, justice, and care among others. These terms are relevant to man in his private as well as public life, in official and unofficial settings. Man must realize that he interacts with others either on one-on-one basis or through other materials, which include recorded voice, written documents, speeches made, interviews granted, and the like. He must take cognizance of his sense of morality therefore or become immoral, that is using people solely to achieve his purpose, or worse still degenerate to being amoral. Where a researcher is indifferent to the impact of his work on others, his research base or benefactors, he is an egoist. In order to assist the researcher, journalist, teacher, etc. every organization, institute, corporation, etc. must have laid down rules generally referred to as “code of conduct.” These must be binding on all members, serving as a guide to members' behaviors in their day-to-day interactions.
Roles and Importance of Ethics in the Counseling Profession
Authors: Adeusi Sussan Olufunmilola
Published: January 2018

Absence of rules, guidelines, or instruction in any setting will lead to chaos. Ethics is a written law, and in this chapter, the focus is on the role and importance of ethics in counselling. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the morality of human actions. Every professional body is governed by ethics and counselling profession is not exclusive. Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON) does not have already established ethical codes due to several challenges but the ethical codes of American Counselling Association (ACA) and British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) have been very helpful. These major associations (ACA and BACP) are guided by similar ethical principles and code of ethics. Without ethics, counselling will achieve nothing or very little of her goals. Hence, the roles and importance of ethics in counselling is crucial; it sets order and guarantees a total and healthy human development.
The Reality of Teaching Young ELLs in a Pull-Out Program
Authors: Sildus Tatiana I. , Vanderbeck Natalie , Broxterman Michelle
Published: January 2018

The chapter focuses on the specifics of working with elementary school English language learners in ESOL pull-out programs. The authors, a TESOL professor and two ESOL pull-out teachers in elementary schools, examine the role of the ESOL program instructor in this type of academic setting. To give the readers a better idea of what the job of an ESOL pull-out teacher entails, the chapter presents portions of teacher interviews offering insights from two elementary pull-out programs. It provides first-hand accounts of real life experiences of instructors in established programs. They not only reflect on what it is like to teach ELLs in this type of program, but also offer practical suggestions, as well as comment on additional programs and services, such as summer school and after school academy, available to ELLs in their district. The goal of the chapter is to better familiarize elementary educators currently working in districts with pull-out programs or those considering this option as a career choice, and to better prepare them for the realities of everyday work.
Using Brain-Based Instruction to Optimize Early Childhood English Language Education
Authors: El-Henawy Walaa M.
Published: January 2018

Neuroscience has given educators new insights into how the brain learns at different developmental stages and practical ways to use those findings in the classroom to optimize student learning. Current studies provide a biologically driven framework for planning and implementing effective instruction called brain-based instruction. Brain-based instruction is a comprehensive approach to learning and teaching grounded in cognitive neuroscience research that is concerned with perception, action, memory, language, and selective attention. This chapter introduces brain-based approach to learning and teaching and how it could be incorporated in earl ELL education especially early childhood classroom. It reviews how the brain learns and how this knowledge is important for ELL teachers. In addition, educational implications of brain-based education are provided particularly for language arts instruction, classroom environment, and assessment.
Opportunities for Engaging Young English Language Learners Through Technology Use
Authors: Egbert Joy , Abobaker Reima
Published: January 2018

There are still many aspects of language learning that are not well explained, but second language acquisition theories provide evidence for under what conditions language is learned. Key among these conditions is the opportunities that students have for input, output, social interaction, and feedback. Teachers have control over the types of opportunities that language learners have in their classrooms, and it is important that these opportunities are engaging so that learners take advantage of them and therefore learn. Technology, used to support engaging language tasks, can help this to happen. This chapter addresses the links between second language acquisition theory and engaging opportunities for young learners in language classrooms, and it explores uses of technology that can support both.
Teaching ELL Students in the Elementary Grades
Authors: McCalley Sue Ellen
Published: January 2018

This chapter presents information regarding teaching ELL students with high incidence disabilities in the mild to moderate range. Specific disabilities to be discussed are learning disabilities, dyslexia, cognitive impairments, and autism. Identification procedures and implications for the individual education plan are offered. Learning characteristics that are manifested with these disabilities are explored. Instructional strategies that are most effective for children with these disabilities are explained. The impact of ELL on the disability is discussed. Accommodations to instructional strategies for ELL students are suggested. The misidentification of ELL students as having a disability is examined as well as misplacement into special education.
Bioremediation of Industrial Waste Using Microbial Metabolic Diversity
Authors: Gangola Saurabh , Bhatt Pankaj , Chaudhary Parul , Khati Priyanka , Kumar Narendra , Sharma Anita
Published: January 2018

Evolution is mainly driven by environmental stresses. Among all the living beings, microorganisms have elaborated a wide range of physiological responses to survive in different ecosystems. Variations in the environment allow microorganisms to acquire new gene(s) through different processes and to lose preexisting genes by the processes like mutation or deletion. Our environment is heavily contaminated by indiscriminate and wide spread use of polythene, paints, petroleum products, industrial dyes, toxic chemicals and pesticides etc. Indiscriminate use of these chemicals/polymers adversely affects the environment and ultimately human beings and other living systems. Microbial evolution/ adaptation is the key of formation of a fully functional catabolic pathway enabling them to use toxic compound(s) as a source of carbon and energy. Physical and chemical methods are applicable in a modified matrix or help in converting the pollutants from one phase to another but the microbial degradation process to detoxify the pollutants can be effectively used to overcome the pollution problem.
Role of Organic Soil Amendments in Controlling Ground Water Pollution Due to Pesticides
Authors: Srivastava Anjana , Srivastava P. C.
Published: January 2018

In soil, pesticide residues are subjected to various transformations and transportation processes. Leaching is one of the major transportation processes responsible for ground water contamination. Organic amendments used in agriculture are known to improve the physico-chemical properties of soil at low cost and are regarded as one of the most suitable technologies for sustainable agriculture. These amendments play an important role in the retention of pesticides because of increased adsorption of these chemicals on soil. Sorption of pesticides which are weak acids or bases, is influenced by soil pH because they assume a positive or negative charge, or no charge depending on the pH. Leaching of such pesticides to ground water can be prevented to a great extent by mixing of organic amendments to soil because they enhance the ability of pesticide retention on soil and or promote their microbial degradation as well during in situ decomposition of organic amendments in soil.
Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Rajwar Deepika , Bisht Mamta , Rai J. P. N.
Published: January 2018

In recent years, stringent discharge standards prior to the release of effluent into the water bodies have led to implementation of diverse advanced biological treatment processes in various industries. Biological treatment is a fundamental part of industrial wastewater treatment, contains soluble inorganic/organic pollutants. Being a cost-effective process, biological treatment has an economic advantage over chemical and physical processes. It employs a range of microorganisms which as a community form a microbial biofilm. Microbial biofilm provides a diverse range of micro-niches to microbial communities and protection from physical agitation to support metabolic potential and functional stability. Currently, biofilms are applied in wastewater treatment, degradation of toxic waste in water and soil and production of various commercial products. Intensive exploration has proved the importance of biofilm as a highly promising biotechnology, especially in wastewater treatment.
Nano Particles and Their Mode of Action in Environment
Authors: Bhatt Rakesh , Gupta Sandeep
Published: January 2018

Nano particles are particles that exist on a nanometer scale. Nanoparticles exist in our surrounding either naturally or created by human activities. As per Commission of European Union (2011), a nano-object needs only one of its characteristic dimensions to be in the range of 1-100nm to be classed as a nanoparticle even if its other dimensions are outside that range. Nanoparticles have revolutionized the world through the introduction of a unique class of material and consumer products in many fields due to production of innovative materials and devices. Despite their unique benefits and utility in daily activities, this could result in undesirable changes in the environment and affect the workplace. Carbon-based nanoparticles, oxides of metals, and natural inorganic compounds can have biological effects on the environment and human health. This chapter deals with the nanoparticles and their mode of action in the environment.