bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of web-based electrocardiography simulation on strategies and learning styles
Authors: Granero-Molina José , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , López-Domene Esperanza , Hernández-Padilla José Manuel , Preto Leonel São Romão , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida María
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVETo identify the association between the use of web simulation electrocardiography and the learning approaches, strategies and styles of nursing degree students.METHODA descriptive and correlational design with a one-group pretest-posttest measurement was used. The study sample included 246 students in a Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support nursing class of nursing degree.RESULTSNo significant differences between genders were found in any dimension of learning styles and approaches to learning. After the introduction of web simulation electrocardiography, significant differences were found in some item scores of learning styles: theorist (p < 0.040), pragmatic (p < 0.010) and approaches to learning.CONCLUSIONThe use of a web electrocardiogram (ECG) simulation is associated with the development of active and reflexive learning styles, improving motivation and a deep approach in nursing students.
Patient Attitudes Regarding the Cost of Illness in Cancer Care
Authors: Meisenberg Barry R. , Varner Ashley , Ellis Erin , Ebner Stephen , Moxley John , Siegrist Erika , Weng David
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose.

The cost of illness in cancer care and the subsequent distress has attracted scrutiny. Guidelines recommend enhanced discussion of costs, assuming this will reduce both stress and costs. Little is known about patient attitudes about cost considerations influencing treatment decisions.

Methods.

A convenience-sample survey of patients currently receiving radiation and/or intravenous chemotherapy at an outpatient cancer center was performed. Assessments included prevalence and extent of financial burden, level of financial distress, attitudes about using costs to influence treatment decisions, and frequency or desirability of cost discussions with oncologists.

Results.

A total of 132 participants (94%) responded. Overall, 47% reported high financial stress, 30.8% felt well informed about costs prior to treatment, and 71% rarely spoke to their oncologists about cost. More than 71% of patients did not want either society's or personal costs to influence treatment, and this result did not change based on degree of financial stress. Even when asked to assume that lower cost regimens were equally effective, only 28% would definitely want the lower cost regimen. Patients did not believe it was the oncologist's duty to perform cost discussions.

Conclusion.

Even insured patients have a high degree of financial distress. Most, including those with the highest levels of distress, did not speak often with oncologists about costs and were strongly adverse to having cost considerations influence choice of regimen. The findings suggest that patients are not cost sensitive with regard to treatment decisions. Oncologists will require improved tools to have meaningful cost discussion, as recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Implications for Practice:

This study raises important questions regarding optimal communication with patients about costs. If patients are not cost sensitive regarding treatment decisions, they will not be full partners in the desire to reduce financial burden and financial distress by lowering costs. Better patient educational tools are needed to help increase not just cost awareness but also awareness of value. To master this mode of discourse and to help ease patients’ financial toxicity, oncologists will need to master a new set of data and develop new skills. This new knowledge and proficiency are as vital to good oncology care as all other clinical acumen.
HPV Testing in Resource-Limited Settings: How Can We Reach the Next Level of Cervical Cancer Screening in Latin America and the Caribbean?
Authors: Randall Thomas C. , Salicrup Luis A. , Luciani Silvana , Trimble Edward L.
Published: September 2015

Cervical cancer is a well-understood disease; its prevention is more a matter of logistics and affordable tools than science. Recent experience shows that stakeholders have much in common, and all parties should work openly and collaboratively to bring new technology to the aid of women in resource-limited settings around the world.
POLÍTICAS TERRITORIAIS URBANAS NO PROCESSO DE GOVERNANÇA LOCAL
Authors: Campos Gabriela Ribeiro da Silva , Almeida Adriana Fortunato de , Nunes Brendo Ramalho , Gonçalves Letícia Aparecida , Eghrari Susan
Published: September 2015

(Resumo Expandido)
Fentes documentales gráficas para el estudio de los pretéritos paisajes fluviales: los proyectos españoles de presas y embalses.
Authors: González-Martín Juan Antonio , Pintado-Céspedes Concepción , Fidalgo-Hijano Concepción
Published: September 2015

E este trabajo se analizan las características que hacen de las fuentes documentales gráficas, incorporadas en los proyectos españoles de presas y embalses, uno de los pilares más importantes para el estudio de los paisajes fluviales de nuestro pasado inmediato. El examen de los mapas, planos, climo-diagramas, hidrogramas, gráficos de sondeos e imágenes fotográficas, etc., que acompañan a los informes técnicos, constituyen una objetiva representación y visualización de una realidad geográfica mutante en el tiempo. Además, su contraste diacrónico permite establecer una secuencia de acontecimientos —naturales y antrópicos— en los ámbitos de las vertientes y fondos de valle que, en muchos casos, sorprende por la intensidad de las transformaciones del paisaje en tan breve lapso de tiempo.
Vergelijkingen en verbindingen De arbeidsdeelname van vrouwen in Nederland en Nederlands-Indië, 1813-1940
Authors: Van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise
Published: September 2015

Comparisons and Connections: Women’s Labour Force Participation in the Netherlands and the Netherlands-Indies, 1813-1940Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk investigates the extent to which colonial ties between the Netherlands and the Netherlands East-Indies influenced women’s labour patterns in the colony as well as the metropolis. On the one hand, comparisons are made between quantitative and qualitative developments in women’s labour force participation in the Netherlands and the Netherlands Indies in the colonial period. On the other hand, various connections are made between developments in the metropolis and the colony. Not only did Dutch economic and colonial policies, such as the Cultivation System and the exports of Dutch textiles by the Dutch Trading Company (nhm), lead to changes in women’s work in both regions. Moreover, social policy, for instance the Social Question and Ethical Policy, also influenced legislation on and practices of women’s work in colony and metropolis. The underlying rhetorics were generally patronising, containing elements of class, ethnicity and gender to justify intervention (and the differences therein) in both parts of the empire. This article is part of the special issue 'De Vrouw 1813-1913' and was nominated for the first Low Countries History Award in 2016 (for the best article in BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review over the years 2013-2014-2015). Vergelijkingen en verbindingen De arbeidsdeelname van vrouwen in Nederland en Nederlands-Indië, 1813-1940Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk onderzoekt in hoeverre de koloniale banden tussen Nederland en Nederlands-Indië de arbeidspatronen van zowel vrouwen in de kolonie als vrouwen in het moederland beïnvloedden. Enerzijds wordt een vergelijking gemaakt van de ontwikkelingen in de arbeidsdeelname van vrouwen in Nederland en Nederlands-Indië in de koloniale periode, in kwantitatief en kwalitatief opzicht. Anderzijds worden verschillende verbindingen gelegd tussen ontwikkelingen in het moederland en de kolonie. Niet alleen het economische en koloniale beleid van Nederland, zoals het Cultuurstelsel en de exporten van Nederlands textieldoor de Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (nhm), leidde tot veranderingen in vrouwenarbeid in beide regio’s. Ook het sociaal beleid, zoals de ‘Sociale Quaestie’ en de Ethische Politiek, beïnvloedde de wetgeving en praktijk van de arbeid van vrouwen in moederland en kolonie. De retoriek hierachter was meestal bevoogdend, en bevatte elementen van klasse, etniciteit en gender ter verantwoording van het ingrijpen (en de verschillen daarin) in beide delen van het koloniale rijk. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'De Vrouw 1813-1913'.
Vrouw en opvoeding sinds de late negentiende eeuw. Het bijzondere van de Nederlandse casus
Authors: Dekker Jeroen J.H.
Published: September 2015

Women and Child Rearing since the Late Nineteenth Century: The Speciality of the Dutch CaseIn the last two centuries only a few people would contest that Dutch mothers should raise their children. Until the end of the nineteenth century this task often went together with women’s labour. From that point until the 1960s there was a special period in Dutch history, with the great majority of mothers devoting themselves full-time to motherhood and only a very small minority working outside the home. This deviation from a European pattern – almost a Dutch Sonderweg in the first half of the twentieth century – changed into another deviation from the 1970s. Then more and more Dutch mothers started to work outside the home, eventually even in greater numbers than in other European countries, but with the majority of mothers preferring part-time work. As a result, it became a matter of course for Dutch mothers to combine working outside the home with raising their own children. This article is part of the special issue 'De Vrouw 1813-1913'. Dat Nederlandse vrouwen hun eigen kinderen behoren op te voeden is een opvatting die in de laatste tweehonderd jaar weinig is aangevochten. Tot het einde van de negentiende eeuw ging dat vaak samen met vrouwenarbeid. Toen ontstond een bijzondere Nederlandse situatie waarbij tot in de jaren zestig bijna alle moeders zich volledig aan het moederschap wijdden en nauwelijks buitenshuis werkten. Deze afwijking van het Europese patroon – een Nederlandse Sonderweg – veranderde vanaf de jaren zeventig in haar omkering toen gehuwde vrouwen steeds vaker gingen werken, zelfs vaker dan moeders in andere Europese landen. Ook in een ander opzicht pakten Nederlandse moeders het anders aan dan inandere Europese landen: ze werkten in meerderheid in deeltijd. Tegelijk werken en opvoeden van de eigen kinderen werden vanaf toen een vanzelfsprekendheid. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'De Vrouw 1813-1913'.
Multipurpose Masculinities: Gender and Power in Low Countries Histories of Masculinity
Authors: Dudink Stefan
Published: September 2015

This article introduces the contributions to a BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review special issue on Low Countries masculinities. It outlines a shared theoretical framework that focuses on what historian Mrinalini Sinha has called, 'the rhetorical and ideological efficacy' of notions of masculinity 'in underwriting various arrangements of power'. The article's central argument is that the history of masculinity should move 'beyond masculinity' by analysing the deployment of masculinity in the making, legitimisation and contestation of not just power relations of gender, but also other power relations. It points to the origins of this framework in post-structuralist strands of women's and gender history and evaluates critically the usefulness of the notion of 'hegemonic masculinity' for such an approach. This article is part of the special issue 'Low Countries Histories of Masculinity'.
Voorbij Bijltjesdag? Recente werken over de bestraffing van collaboratie na beide wereldoorlogen in de Lage Landen
Authors: Grevers Helen
Published: September 2015

Lijst van besproken publicaties: Guido Abuys, Bas Kortholt, Interneringskamp Westerbork. Verhalen van een vergeten verleden 1945-1948 (Hilversum: Just Publishers, 2010, 175 p. + dvd, ISBN 978 90 8975 143 0)Guillaume Baclin, Laurence Bernard, Xavier Rousseaux, En première ligne: La justice militaire belge face à ‘l’incivisme’ au sortir de la Première Guerre Mondiale (Études sur la Première Guerre mondiale. Studies over de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Studies on World War One 16; Bruxelles: Archives générales du Royaume, 2010, 249 pp., ISBN 978 90 5746 257 3)Koos Groen, Fout en niet goed. De vervolging van collaboratie en verraad na de Tweede Wereldoorlog (Hilversum: Just Publishers, 2009, 695 p., ISBN 978 90 77895 64 1)Xavier Rousseaux, Laurence Van Ypersele (eds.), La Patrie crie vengeance! La Répression des ‘inciviques’ belges au sortir de la guerre 1914-1918 (Histoire; Bruxelles: Le Cri, 2008, 437 pp., ISBN 978 2 8710 6493 0)Frank Seberechts, Frans-Jos, Verdoodt, Leven in twee werelden. Belgische collaborateurs en de diaspora na de Tweede Wereldoorlog (Leuven: Davidsfonds, 2010, 236 p., ISBN 978 90 5826 664 4)Jan Sintemaartensdijk, Yfke Nijland, Operatie Black Tulip. De uitzetting van Duitse Burgers na de oorlog (Amsterdam: Boom, 2009, 175 p., ISBN 978 90 8506 808 2)Pierre-Alain Tallier, Patrick Nefors (eds.), Quand les canons se taisent. En toen zwegen de kanonnen. When the Guns fall Silent. Actes du colloque international organisé par les Archives de l’État et le Musée royal de l’Armée et d’Histoire militaire (Bruxelles, 3-6 novembre 2008) (Études sur la Première Guerre mondiale. Studies over de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Studies on World War One 18; Bruxelles: Archives générales du Royaume, 2010, 631 pp., ISBN 978 90 5746 284 9)Marc Van den Wijngaert, e.a., Beulen van Breendonk. Schuld en boete (Antwerpen: Standaard, 2010, 223 p., ISBN 978 90 02 23956 4)
Was heißt und zu welchem Ende studiert man europäisch vergleichende Geschichte? Überlegungen aus gegebenem Anlaß
Authors: Schilling H.
Published: September 2015

K. Davids, J. Lucassen, A miracle mirrored. The Dutch republic in European perspective
In oude en nieuwe vormen verpakte illusies. Naar aanleiding van enkele recente studies over de geschiedenis van de volkskunde in Nederland
Authors: Rooy P. de
Published: September 2015

T. Dekker, H. Roodenburg, G. Rooijakkers, Volkscultuur. Een inleiding in de Nederlandse etnologie M. Eickhoff, B. Henkes, F. van Vree, Volkseigen. Ras, cultuur en wetenschap in Nederland 1900-1950 R. van Ginkel, Volkscultuur als valkuil. Over antropologie, volkskunde en cultuurpolitiek A. van der Zeijden, De voorgeschiedenis van het Nederlands centrum voor volkscultuur. De ondersteuning van de volkscultuurbeoefening in Nederland 1949-1992. Nederlands volkskundig genootschap. Beraad voor het Nederlands volksleven. Informatiecentrum volkscultuur G. Rooijakkers, Volkskunde. De rituelen van het dagelijks leven A. de Jong, De dirigenten van de herinnering. Musealisering en nationalisering van de volkscultuur in Nederland 1815-1940 Illusions dressed up in old and new ways, Piet de RooyIn recent years the number of publications on the history of folklore in the Netherlands has grown exponentially. An analysis of these publications is presented here, using an approach from the philosophy of science called 'the struggle for demarcation' (Thomas Gieryn). What really stands out is the way folklorists have persistently tried to gain status and authority by scrutinising the very nature of the discipline and either dismissing or ridiculing older or alternative forms of it. Folklore legitimised racist thinking in the 1930s and 1940s and as a reaction to this 'tainted past' an attempt was made in the 1970s to transform folklore into an interdisciplinary science. This attempt failed and a new discipline was subsequently invented: folklore as ethnic studies. Today it is not actually its own troubled past, but rather the popular craving for historical illusions (exhibiting the past in museums) that continues to cast doubts upon the nature and validity of this discipline.
'Die enorme hoeveelheid informatie...' De mateloze reconstructie van een oorlogsmisdaad
Authors: Honig J.W.
Published: September 2015

'Information overload... ' The endless reconstruction of a war crime, J. W. HonigThe NIOD-report on Srebrenica chose to ignore the pressing nature of the questions that the massacre had given rise to in the Netherlands and that led to launch of the investigation in 1996. The political and social relevance of the investigation was compromised by the excessive time it took to deliver the report (five-and-a-half years) and its bulk (6600 pages) whose accessibility was further marred by the chronological structure and narrative approach. But even if one accepts the rapporteurs' stated intent that they merely wanted to produce 'an academic monograph' then the work has serious shortcomings. A consideration of the explanation of the massacre reveals a careless use of primary sources, a continual failure to distinguish clearly the wood for the trees and conclusions that are not properly supported by often confusing and contradictory arguments. Most critically, though the report aims to provide 'analytical explanatory judgements', these often fall short. The final conclusions regarding the key question of the main motives behind the massacre therefore not only fail to convince, but the way in which they are arrived at casts serious doubts as to the academic quality and validity of the report as a whole. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Srebrenica, een "veilig" gebied' (J. C. H. Blom, B. G J. de Graaff, D. C. L. Schoonoord).
Andere katholieken en de jaren zestig. Een aanvullende reactie op Peter van Rooden
Authors: Luykx P.
Published: September 2015

Reactie op P. van Rooden, 'Oral history en het vreemde sterven van het Nederlandse christendom' BMGN 119:4 (2004) 524-551.
Keuzes en patronen in de techniekgeschiedenis van Nederland in de twintigste eeuw
Authors: Davids K.
Published: September 2015

Choices and patterns in the history of technology in the Netherlands during the 20th centuryTechniek in Nederland in de twintigste eeuw (TIN 20) is an impressive work. However, the voluntaristic picture of the modernisation process that it paints requires, in our opinion, some qualification. This essay argues that the authors of TIN-20 have failed to adopt a clear and consistent position on who was making the choices about technological development and how far the key actors really had any room for choice at all. Moreover, when the time frame is extended to include the entire period from c. 1500 onwards, the degree of continuity and repetition in the technological development of the Netherlands turns out to have been higher than the authors of TIN-20 suggest. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Techniek in Nederland in de twintigste eeuw' (J. Schot, H. Lintsen, A. Rip, A. Albert de la Bruhèze).
'In den beginne was het woord'. De vroege groei van 'parlementen' in de middeleeuwse vorstendommen der Nederlanden
Authors: Boone M.
Published: September 2015

In the beginning, there was the word. The early evolution of parliament in the mediaeval princedoms of the Netherlands‘Parliaments’ or representative political institutions in the princedoms of the Low Countries came about as a result of political practice rather than any legislative initiative. There is a clear link with the early and exceptional degree of urbanisation: the earliest manifestations of institutions that deal with aspects that could be described as representing the people appear in an urban context. From the protection and promotion of the interests of the urban elites grew the practice of limiting the princely manifestations of power or at least subjecting them to some control from the top down. This practice resulted in the development of a political culture in which basic values such as communication, participation and co-management played a central role. However, the final result was not entirely flawless: a tendency towards oligarchy among those in representative functions and a complex entanglement of financial interests reduced the effectiveness of the institutions, while the growth of princely power and the accumulation of coercive power in the hands of the prince was not held in check by any form of critical opposition from those who represented the people. This article is part of the special issue 'Parlementen in de Nederlanden'.
Hysterische mannen en koele vrouwen. Politiek, sekse en emoties in de lange negentiende eeuw
Authors: Schwegman M.
Published: September 2015

Marjan Schwegman, Highly strung men and unshakeable women. Politics, gender and emotions throughout the course of the nineteenth centuryIt is a commonly held view that throughout the course of the nineteenth century opportunities for women to participate in Dutch politics increased. However, if one examines the changes in the public articulation of gender, emotions and politics, a completely different picture emerges. Women were increasingly labelled as emotionally unstable and childlike. These ‘characteristics’ were considered incompatible with a political career. This categorization became an obstacle on the road to the full participation of women in politics. This article is part of the forum 'Debat over emoties'.
Een onopgelost dossier
Authors: Jensma G.Th.
Published: September 2015

Goffe Jensma, An unsolved caseIn order to account for the composition of his dissertation, which Te Velde raised as a point for discussion, Jensma notes that from a methodological point of view the pivotal distinction in cases of forgery is between solved and unsolved cases. Where solved cases comply with the balanced rhetoric of historiography, unsolved cases, such as this one have, in practice, to be described using more rigid terms derived from pseudo-legal debates. It is of paramount importance to this debate that the interpretations are complete; there may be no shred of doubt left about the solution that is presented. This, scholarly speaking, absurd requirement explains why Jensma chose the ‘thick description’ method to do literary justice to the Oera Linda book affair. Jensma further rejects, at least as a compelling interpretation, Te Velde’s suggestion to consider the case of the Oera Linda Book specifically within the context of the Dutch playful liberal debating-culture of the 1860s and 1870s. The key to understanding the Oera Linda book affair does not lie in the sophisticated irony with which this ‘joke’ was played, but rather in the tragic misunderstanding that was accidentally caused by this serious and deliberate hoax. This response is part of the discussion forum 'De gemaskerde God' (G.T. Jensma).
'Zit u dan niet in de gevangenis?' of: hoe erg is geschiedschrijving in opdracht? De Arena. Geschiedschrijving in opdracht
Authors: Graaff B.G.J. de
Published: September 2015

‘Are you not in prison yet?’ or: how much of a minefield is commissioned research?Historical knowledge can be used for multiple purposes. Consequently, it is hard to make a distinction between studies that criticize government policies and those that support them. Besides, the impact of historical publications on major public debates is usually quite small. However, this should not dissuade historians from carrying out commissioned research which has its origins in a lively public interest in the subject. Otherwise they risk leaving this area wide open to terribles simplificateurs. Another question is the amount of freedom the researcher is allowed in order to carry out  research and present results. The author shows that he experienced more freedom in this respect when he carried out research commissioned by the government than when he carried out research at the request of private interest groups. He also experienced external (efforts at) meddling with his research and publications when carrying out independent research, including threats of judicial prosecution. Independent research is therefore no less problematic than commissioned research. However, the latter may result in the historians’ research agenda disintegrating. This article is part of the forum 'Geschiedschrijving in opdracht'.
Een problematische erfenis: België en de moord op Lumumba
Authors: Klep Chr.
Published: September 2015

A troublesome legacy: Belgium and the assassination of LumumbaPatrice Lumumba was executed in January 1961, shortly after having been ousted as the first prime minister of newly independent Congo. Almost immediately, the question arose whether, and to what extent, the Belgian authorities (including the Royal House) had been implicated in the murder. The Belgian government had been antagonistic towards the 'troublesome' nationalist Lumumba from the start. At first the 'establishment'-view dominated: Belgium was not guilty. At the most, it bore a moral responsibility for the murder. In 1999, the Belgian social scientist, De Witte, reopened this debate through his highly critical book. De Witte accused the Belgian authorities in no uncertain terms. A parliamentary inquiry, based on an extensive historic study, resulted in middle-of-the road conclusions: mistakes had been made in 1961, but this did not amount to guilt. After the inquiry the Lumumba affair disappeared from the  public and political agenda once again.
Sociale controle, misdaad en het geweldsmonopolie. De veranderende rol van de politie
Authors: Spierenburg P.
Published: September 2015

Social Control, Crime and the Monopoly on the Use of Force. The Changing Role of the PoliceThis review article identifies three major developments within the history of the police force in Europe: 1. the spread of the police force and their politicolegal organization; 2. the transition from a multi-functional institution providing various services and fostering a traditional mentality to a professional apparatus focused on crime prevention; 3. changes in the relationship between the police and the state's monopoly on the use of force, eventually leading to a more restrained and politically neutral form of maintaining law and order. De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse politie deals disproportionately with the first aspect. Within the second field, there is little attention for the mentality and additional tasks of nineteenth century policemen, but sufficient attention for the differentiation in police work in the twentieth century. With respect to item 3, the focus is overwhelmingly on the suppression of social protests. The relationship between the police and the people, in particular the ‘charming offensive’ during the 1970s, remains largely unexplored. This review is part of the discussion forum 'De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse politie' (Cyrille Fijnaut).
Repliek
Authors: Fijnaut C.
Published: September 2015

ResponseIt is good for the further development of historical research into the police force that the reviews not only extol the virtues of the study in question, but also ask pertinent questions about the basic principles behind the research, the way in which the subject was methodically examined, and how the findings were edited. The question in the critique written by Van Doorslaer concerning the magistrature’s role in how the Dutch police operated during the German Occupation, is a matter that certainly deserves more attention than it received in this study. However, anyone wishing to give an informed answer to this question would not only have to scrutinize the relationship between the magistrates and the police, but would also have to closely examine the relationship between the government and the police as well. This is because in the Netherlands the government traditionally has a lot to say with regard to the police. The question, therefore, is how did both of these institutions function towards the police during the German Occupation. The core question in the comments made by Jansen is whether enough attention was given to the position of the police in the constitutional state. He is of the opinion that the problematic matter of police authority was inadequately dealt with. Indeed, this issue was largely bypassed, although this was not the case with regard to the position of the police in the constitutional state. Its relationship with government and the legal system, in other words, how the police force is embedded within the state system, is traditionally seen as one of the key questions in this context. Spierenburg argues in his critique that the politicalorganisational developments are dealt with in too biased a fashion in this study and so the professional developments in the police machinery and the changes in the monopoly on the use of force are skirted over. This statement cuts no ice for a variety of reasons. The main one is that the changes in the monopoly on the use of force and in the police profession take shape, first and foremost, in the organisational development of the police. This link between them is continuously and rigourously examined in this study. This review is part of the discussion forum 'De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse politie' (Cyrille Fijnaut).
Hans Max Hirschfeld. De juiste man op de juiste plaats...?
Authors: Keizer M. de
Published: September 2015

Hans Max Hirschfeld. The Right Person in the Right Position...?Fennema’s biography of H.M. Hirschfeld represents an interesting contribution to the debate on ethics and historiography. After all, Hirschfeld’s central position in the Dutch economy during the German occupation raises some fundamental ethical questions. Should economic and material values prevail at all times or should other values – moral, humanist or Christian – carry just as much weight, if not more? As opposed to the situation in the 1930s and the post-war years, during the German occupation the technocrat Hirschfeld was not democratically accountable for his policy. The author of this article explains that Hirschfeld’s biographer mistakenly assumes that it is not necessary to include a discussion of the ethical aspects of Hirschfeld’s continuation in public office during wartime. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dr. Max Hirschfeld. Man van het grote geld' (Meindert Fennema en Johan Rhijnsburger).
Antropologie van de moderne geschiedwetenschap?
Authors: Jonker E.
Published: September 2015

J. Tollebeek, Fredericq en zonen. Een antropologie van de moderne geschiedwetenschap The Anthropology of Modern Historiography?Jo Tollebeek’s book about the Belgian historian Paul Fredericq is meant to be an example of ‘the anthropology of modern professional history’. The author believes that this anthropology goes beyond older genres. The traditional historiography focused too heavily on the intellectual content of history writing, whereas the sociology of knowledge only looked at the infrastructure of history as a profession. The post-modern deconstruction of the political role of history writing has become rather reductionistic. The anthropological gaze has to combine all of these points of view and then try to embed them in background information. Does Tollebeek succeed in doing this? We certainly get a rich picture of content, social context and professional practice. The thrills of archival research, the routine of day-to-day academic life, and the (management of) emotional ties within the community of scholars in particular, all come alive. It comes at a price, though. The precision and specificity of micro-history make comparisons within larger frameworks and developments difficult. This macro level makes more selection and simplification inevitable.
Nieuwe geschiedschrijving van de collaboratie. Introductie bij het thema
Authors: Haan I. de , Romijn P.
Published: September 2015

A New Historiography of the CollaborationIn this issue, four young historians present the results of their original research on National-Socialist collaboration during the German occupation of the Netherlands and Belgium. The authors take issue with some of the more traditional representations in the historiography of the collaboration and collaborators as moral, political and criminal deviationists per se. They analyze the motives of the Dutch and Belgian National Socialists, the dynamics of their political activism, and the interaction with their social environments. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Historiography of the Collaboration'.
De weg van Vlaamse 'daders' naar de Gestapo. De tolken van de Antwerpse Sipo-SD
Authors: Eetvelde Robby Van
Published: September 2015

Flemish Collaborators and their Route to the Gestapo. The Translators of the Sipo-SD in AntwerpDuring the Second World War, Nazi-Germany used the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) in its occupied territories and at the home front to maintain order and execute the racial policy of the regime. With a head office in Brussels and branches in Antwerp, Ghent, Liège and Charleroi, the Gestapo was also present in military occupied Belgium. The German agents were not completely up to their task. They lacked the knowledge of the regional languages and circumstances. The help of the local Belgian populace was therefore a necessity. What motivated these men to collaborate so assiduously with the German occupier? This research is based on the postwar criminal case files, compiled by the military courts in the context of the prosecution of those who collaborated. Several biographies of Flemish collaborators with the Gestapo office in Antwerp have been reconstructed. In this way, four major motivational groups can be distinguished: opportunists, ideological perpetrators, ‘traditional’ collaborators and former members of the resistance. Contrary to existing research into similar groups of men, financial or material gain was not their primary motive. Various psychological factors played a greater role. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Historiography of the Collaboration'.
Oorlog en vrede. De slag om het Nationaal Historisch Museum
Authors: Groen P.M.H.
Published: September 2015

War and Peace. The Battle around the Dutch National History MuseumWar and Peace is one of the ‘world themes’ that the future Dutch National History Museum will concentrate on. This essay argues that we should elaborate on this theme from two angles: our relationship with our military past and our perspective with regard to specific conflicts. Our attitude to our military past and present is charaterized by ambiguity. Dutch war culture can represent this ambiguous attitude. Our visions about the causes and nature of conflicts alter with the passage of time and according to our specific social position. This change in our (historical) perspectives can be illustrated based on some of the frequently discussed conflicts. This article is part of the forum 'The Dutch National History Museum'.
Tussen tafellaken en servet. Het stadhouderlijk hof in dynastiek Europa
Authors: Duindam J.
Published: September 2015

Neither Fish, Flesh, nor Fowl. The Stadholder’s Court in Dynastic EuropeThis contribution presents a concise image of the recent historiography on the European dynastic court, and then places the stadholder’s court within this context. The modest contours of the latter stand out sharply against developments elsewhere, such as the secular Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, for example. However, the stadholder’s court was far more than just the household of a high-ranking magistrate of noble birth, even though the group of courtiers and servants around the stadholder remained modest in terms of its size and structure. Nor did a wider circle of visitors and clients ever really materialise. The absence of any sovereign basis for the position of stadholder in the Republic apparently made it difficult to turn court life into an instrument for the further advancement of power. Nevertheless, in his capacity as a ‘servant’ of the state machine, the stadholder was able to play a remarkable role under William III – and subsequent generations of stadholders even played a decisive role – within the system of nomination rights and the power relations that stemmed from that. This article is part of the special issue 'The Internationalization of the National History and the Pillarization'.
De Bezetting revisited. Hoe van De Oorlog een ‘normale’ geschiedenis werd gemaakt die eindigt in vrede
Authors: Henkes Barbara
Published: September 2015

The Occupation revisited. How Wartime and Repression are converted into ‘Normal’ HistoryAt the end of 2009, a new television series about the Netherlands during the Second World War (called The War) was broadcast on Dutch television. Barbara Henkes examines how this audiovisual history can be interpreted and contextualized within Dutch historiography concerning the Second World War and the holocaust. The War was inspired by the wish to take a stand against the viewpoint that was articulated by figures such as the well-known historian, Loe de Jong. During the years 1960-1965 he presented a history of the Netherlands during the war on Dutch national television. This was the first of its kind and was entitled The Occupation. The program depicted the Netherlands as a violated nation whose citizens rose up en masse to oppose the ‘tide of evil’ that swept over them from Germany.De Jong’s national epic, which was also presented in a series of famous books, acquired the status of a master narrative, although it remained somewhat controversial. Soon afterwards other, more ambivalent perspectives on this dramatic episode in Dutch history were presented on Dutch television, with the trailblazing documentary entitled ‘Resolute, but Flexible and in Moderation’ (1974) leading the way. The program makers of The War ignore these alternative narratives and instead present us with a ‘new’ master narrative: their War has Hegelian traits in which coincidence or ‘fate’ determined whether someone collaborated with the Nazi’s, got involved in some form of resistance or carried on with business as usual; a scenario in which ‘human agency’ seems to disappear in the maelstrom of history.
Europe without Economy
Authors: Klemann Hein A.M.
Published: September 2015

Middelaar, Luuk van, De passage naar Europa. Geschiedenis van een begin (Dissertatie Universiteit van Amsterdam 2009; Groningen: Historische Uitgeverij, 2009, 531 blz., ISBN 978 90 6554 236 6). De passage naar Europa [The Passage to Europe] is an interesting book – creative, original and readable, but for a doctoral dissertation it is also remarkably devoid of theory. Van Middelaar introduces various interesting notions and ideas (European ‘discourses’, ‘policy spheres’ and ‘zones of interactions’), but these remain ambiguous, and therefore rather noncommittal. The book stands out for its interpretative richness, its analytical sensitivity and its imaginative prose. It lacks an overall theoretical framework, however. It fails to link up with the wider academic debate on European integration. This review is part of the discussion forum 'De passage naar Europa. Geschiedenis van een begin' (Luuk van Middelaar).
Creating Central Sulawesi. Mission Intervention, Colonialism and ‘Multiculturality’
Authors: Coté J.
Published: September 2015

Creating Central Sulawesi: Mission Intervention, Colonialism and ‘Multiculturality’Central Sulawesi provides an example of how, under colonialism, non-state bodies contributed to the creation of new political identities in the Indonesian archipelago, and how the modern Indonesian state came to be based on these. Arguably, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the region was poised to be incorporated into the structure of one or other of the existing powerful Central and Southern Sulawesi political entities. As such, as just another ‘region’ in the sprawling archipelagic colony subjected to standard colonial policy, it should have been readily incorporated into the Indonesian state, albeit through the ‘Sulawesi Permesta’. Instead, in seeking to establish what one writer has described as a ‘volkskerk’ [people’s church], the ‘Poso mission’ established with colonial support by the Nederlandsche Zendinggenootschap [Netherlands Missionary Society] in 1892, was instrumental in defining new religious, cultural and linguistic boundaries. These acted to effectively isolate the Pamona people from adjacent Christian communities established by other missionary endeavours; from their Islamic neighbours and, arguably, from the ‘nation’. As elsewhere in the archipelago, the subsequent process of this region’s reintegration has formed part of the difficult postcolonial legacy inherited by the Indonesian nation.
A New Dutch Imperial History: Connecting Dutch and Overseas Pasts
Authors: Bloembergen Marieke , Kuitenbrouwer Vincent
Published: September 2015

This introduction is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
A New Dutch Imperial History?: Perambulations in a Prospective Field
Authors: Raben Remco
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the recent developments in imperial history in Great Britain and France and analyses the state of Dutch research in the light of these new approaches. Raben concentrates on three broadly defined topics – the webbed character of colonial spaces, the impact of empire on metropolitan societies and the moral ramifications of colonial empires. The way imperial histories are written is determined by the experiences with ‘empire’ in the metropolitan countries. Despite essential differences in imperial circumstances in and of the Netherlands, Dutch historiography could be inspired by the British and French developments to explore the spatial, cultural and moral relationships between the various parts of the Dutch colonial world. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
A Swiss Village in the Dutch Tropics: The Limitations of Empire-Centred Approaches to the Early Modern Atlantic World
Authors: Fatah-Black Karwan
Published: September 2015

This article considers what the migration circuits to and from Suriname can tell us about Dutch early modern colonisation in the Atlantic world. Did the Dutch have an Atlantic empire that can be studied by treating it as an integrated space, as suggested by New Imperial Historians, or did colonisation rely on circuits outside Dutch control, stretching beyond its imperial space? An empire-centred approach has dominated the study of Suriname’s history and has largely glossed over the routes taken by European migrants to and from the colony. When the empirecentred perspective is transcended it becomes possible to see that colonists arrived in Suriname from a range of different places around the Atlantic and the European hinterland. The article takes an Atlantic or global perspective to demonstrate the choices available to colonists and the networks through which they moved. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
Shooting from the Trenches: On the Impossibility and Inability to think about the War
Authors: Heijden Chris van der
Published: September 2015

In this essay Chris van der Heijden (Dat nooit meer [Never Again]) answers his critics. He accepts in general what Bob Moore says, although his criticism is rather abstract. He does agree partly with Koes Aerts, but not on some crucial points – for example the method. Van der Heijden doesn’t agree at all with Wielenga, not so much because of arguments but exactly because of the lack of it. In the debate with Wielenga, he contends, the trench warfare, which is going on since almost ten years, simply goes on. According to Van der Heijden it leads to nothing. This response is part of the discussion forum 'Dat nooit meer' (Chris van der Heijden).
A Smell of Higher Honey: E-Humanities Perspectives
Authors: Leemans Inger
Published: September 2015

Is e-humanities ‘The next big thing’ and are we on the verge of a ‘Humanities 3.0’? The field of e-humanities, at this moment, seems to be too diverse and scattered to move in sync. One of the challenges that face e-humanities research at this moment lies in the field of uniting data digitisation/management and data analysis/representation. Here, heritage institutions, libraries, archives and universities should cooperate closely. Existing (digital) humanities data corpora should be connected and integrated through on the basis of question-driven analysis possibilities. However the biggest challenge would be to take hermeneutics as a base for e-science, by developing digital analytical strategies for the knowledge fields unique to the humanities – meaning attribution, interpretation and concept formation in text, image, sound, object or space, and combining these withnumeric data about production, consumption patterns, networks, et cetera. How can we trace complex and essentially contested concepts? Can digital analysis set us on a trail for new interpretations? How can we accommodate the complexity and ambiguity of the sources with which we work and develop digital methods to automate the way humanities scholars look for patterns, interpret and evaluate them? The evaluative aspect of e-humanities could really alter our research field, since for a long time humanities scholars have tended to work with implicit evaluative schemes. The advantage of e-humanities research therefore would lie not only in the fact that hermeneutics are structurally taken into account in digital analysis, and that new patterns and interpretations might be found, but also that we would gain more insight in the kind of questions we pose, the steps that we take during this process and in the validation of the results. This article is part of the forum 'The End of the Humanities 1.0'.
Why did Johann Weyer write De praestigiis daemonum?: How Anti-Catholicism inspired the Landmark Plea for the Witches
Authors: Hoorens Vera
Published: September 2015

Johann Weyer (1515/1516-1588)’s book De praestigiis daemonum, et incantationibus ac veneficiis (On devilish delusions and on enchantments and poisonings), first published in Basel in 1563, counts as a systematic attack on witch theories and witch trials. Vera Hoorens argues that Weyer wrote it not only to defend the witches but also and, perhaps even more, as an instrument to criticise the Catholic Church. This reinterpretation solves the problems that are associated with the traditional interpretation of De praestigiis daemonum, including the variety of its contents, Weyer’s seemingly enigmatic source use, and his having written the book before and not during the increase in witch trials. The article answers a numberof questions that are raised by the reinterpretation, including those surrounding Weyer’s religious persuasion, why contemporaries and historians almost unanimously viewed De praestigiis daemonum as a treatise against witch trials, and the extent to which he truly cared about the witches. Waarom schreef Jan Wier De praestigiis daemonum? Jan Wier (1515/1516-1588)’s boek De praestigiis daemonum, et incantationibus ac veneficiis (Over duivelse begoochelingen en over betoveringen en gifmengerijen), waarvan de eerste editie in 1563 in Basel verscheen, geldt als een systematische aanval op heksentheorieën en heksenprocessen. Vera Hoorens betoogt dat Wier het niet enkel schreef om de heksen te verdedigen, maar ook, en misschien nog wel meer, als een instrument voor zijn kritiek op de Katholieke Kerk. Deze herinterpretatie lost de problemen op die geassocieerd zijn met de traditionele interpretatie van De praestigiis daemonum, namelijk de verscheidenheid van zijn inhoud, Wiers schijnbaar raadselachtig bronnengebruik, en het feit dat hij zijn boek schreef voordat en niet terwijl de heksenprocessen toenamen. Dit artikel beantwoordt een aantal vragen die de voorgestelde herinterpretatie oproept, zoals wat Wiers religieuze overtuiging was, waarom tijdgenoten en historici De praestigiis daemonum bijna unaniem zagen als een traktaat tegen de heksenprocessen, en in welke mate Wier echt om de heksen gaf.