PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF TWO EXTRACTS OF CHAMAECRISTA ROTUNDIFOLIA (PERS.) GRENNE
Authors:   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo., Aboudou Azizou Dahounom ,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Koffi Koudouvo ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.,   Center for Research and Training on Medicinal Plants (CERFOPLAM).,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Kodjo Akpadja ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Komla Esseh ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Hafez Ouro-Djeri ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Eric Agbodjento ,   Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances (URMAPha)., Tamegnon Victorian Dougnon ,   Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances (URMAPha)., Amegnona Agbonon ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo., Tchadjobo Tchacondo ,   Laboratory of Biomedical, Food and Environmental Health Sciences (LaSBASE), University of Lome, Togo., Mensavi Gbeassor ,   Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology (LAPHYPAR), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.,   Center for Research and Training on Medicinal Plants (CERFOPLAM).
Published: February 2024

With a view to promoting Togolese traditional medicine through the revaluation of medicinal endogenous knowledge, phytochemical studies of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of the leafy stem of Chamaecrista rotundifoliawere carried out. Studies of the antioxydant/anti-radical activity and of the extracts safety were undertaken.Thus, 4 main minerals were quantified in the plants powder.The aqueous (10 mg/mL) and hydroethanolic (5 mg/mL) extracts presentedan anti-radical activity with Inhibitory Concentration 50 percent (IC50) respectively 3.15 1 mg/mL and 2.121 mg/mL versus Vitamin C, IC50 =0.1 (1mg/mL). Results of the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power test showed an activity of these extracts doses respectively with a ferric reduction rate of 21.73% and 22.27% compared to VitaminC (2 mg/mL) = 80.72%. At the toxicological level, the lethal concentrations of50 percentobtained on shrimp larvae of Artemia salina respectively 0.68 Â± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.13 Â± 0.01 mg /mL of aqueous and hydroethanolic extractswere greater than 0.1 mg/mL indicating that the extracts, at these concentrations, are not cytotoxic. Furthermore, at a single limit dose of 2000 mg/kg/body weight, these extracts are not toxic to the Wistar rat. Phytochemistry and physicochemistry revealed respectively the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc at various rates.This study showed that Chamaecrista rotundifoliais rich in phytochemical compoundsandvital minerals. Itsaqueous and hydroethanolic extractshave low free-radical and anti-radical activities,then they are non-toxic at the doses studied. Additional studies are needed for future foundations of phytomedicines formulation.