bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimum Effective Doses of Succinylcholine and Rocuronium During Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Trial
Authors: Mirzakhani Hooman , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Welch Charles A. , Cusin Cristina , Doran Mary E. , MacDonald Teresa O. , Bittner Edward A. , Eikermann Matthias , Nozari Ala
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Neuromuscular blockade is required to control excessive muscle contractions during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In a crossover, assessor-blinded, prospective randomized study, we studied the minimum effective dose (MED) of succinylcholine and rocuronium for ECT. The MED was the lowest dose to provide a predefined qualitative measure of acceptable control of muscle strength during induced convulsions.

METHODS:

Succinylcholine (0.8 mg kg−1) or rocuronium (0.4 mg kg−1) was randomly administered in 227 ECT sessions to 45 patients. The dose was incrementally increased or decreased by 10% based on 2 psychiatrists’ (blinded to treatment) assessment of “acceptable” or “not acceptable” control of evoked muscle contractions (sufficient versus insufficient or excessive paralysis). The neuromuscular transmission was monitored quantitatively until full recovery.

RESULTS:

In our study, the MEDs of succinylcholine and rocuronium to produce acceptable ECT conditions in 50% of patients (MED50ECT) were 0.85 mg kg−1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.94) and 0.41 mg kg−1 (95% CI, 0.36–0.46) and in 90% of patients (MED90ECT) were 1.06 mg kg−1 (95% CI, 1.0–1.27) and 0.57 mg kg−1 (95% CI, 0.5–0.6), respectively. Nadir twitch height for acceptable muscle activity was 0% (0–4) and 4% (0–30; P < 0.001), respectively, and the time to recovery of the neuromuscular transmission was 9.7 ± 3.5 and 19.5 ± 5.7 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

A twitch suppression of >90% is needed for control of motor contractions during ECT. The initial ECT dose of succinylcholine should be selected based on each patient’s preprocedural condition, ranging between 0.77 and 1.27 mg kg−1 to produce acceptable muscle blockade in 50% to 90% of patients. Rocuronium–neostigmine combination is a safe alternative if appropriately dosed (0.36–0.6 mg kg−1) and monitored.
Restricting calcium currents is required for correct fiber type specification in skeletal muscle
Authors: Sultana Nasreen , Dienes Beatrix , Benedetti Ariane , Tuluc Petronel , Szentesi Peter , Sztretye Monika , Rainer Johannes , Hess Michael W. , Schwarzer Christoph , Obermair Gerald J. , Csernoch Laszlo , Flucher Bernhard E.
Published: March 2016

Skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is independent of calcium influx. In fact alternative splicing of the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.1 actively suppresses calcium currents in mature muscle. Whether this is necessary for normal development and function of muscle is not known. However, splicing defects causing aberrant expression of the calcium-conducting developmental CaV1.1e splice variant correlate with muscle weakness in myotonic dystrophy. Here we deleted CaV1.1 exon 29 in mice. These mice displayed normal overall motor performance, although grip force and voluntary running were reduced. Continued expression of the developmental CaV1.1e splice variant in adult mice caused increased calcium influx during EC coupling, altered calcium homeostasis, and spontaneous calcium sparklets in isolated muscle fibers. Contractile force was reduced and endurance enhanced. Key regulators of fiber type specification were dysregulated and the fiber type composition was shifted toward slower fibers. In contrast, oxidative enzyme activity and mitochondrial content declined. These findings indicate that limiting calcium influx during skeletal muscle EC coupling is important for the calcium signal's secondary function in the activity-dependent regulation of fiber type composition and to prevent muscle disease.
Centrosomal protein CP110 controls maturation of mother centriole during cilia biogenesis
Authors: Yadav Sharda Prasad , Sharma Neel Kamal , Liu Chunqiao , Dong Lijin , Li Tiansen , Swaroop Anand
Published: March 2016

Defects in cilia-centrosomal genes cause pleiotropic clinical phenotypes, collectively called ciliopathies. Cilia biogenesis is initiated by interaction of positive and negative regulators. The centriolar coiled coil protein CP110 caps the distal end of mother centriole and is shown to act as a suppressor to control the timing of ciliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that CP110 promotes cilia formation in vivo unlike the findings in cultured cells. Cp110−/− mice die shortly after birth because of organogenesis defects as in ciliopathies. Shh signaling is impaired in null embryos, and primary cilia are reduced in multiple tissues. We show that CP110 is required for anchoring of basal bodies to membrane during cilia formation. CP110 loss resulted in abnormal distribution of core components of sub-distal appendages (SDA) and of recycling endosomes, which may be associated with premature extension of axonemal microtubules. Our data implicate CP110 in SDA assembly and ciliary vesicle docking, two requisite early steps in cilia formation. We suggest that CP110 has unique context-dependent functions acting as both a suppressor and a promoter of ciliogenesis.
Ssdps are required for LIM-complexes to induce transcriptionally active chromatin and specify spinal neuronal identities
Authors: Lee Bora , Lee Seunghee , Agulnick Alan D. , Lee Jae W. , Lee Soo-Kyung
Published: March 2016

LIM homeodomain factors regulate the development of many cell types. However, transcriptional coactivators that mediate their developmental function remain poorly defined. To address these, we examined how two related NLI-dependent LIM-complexes, which govern the development of spinal motor neurons and V2a-interneurons, activate the transcription in the embryonic spinal cord. We found that single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (Ssdps) are recruited to these LIM-complexes via NLI, and enhance their transcriptional activation potential. Ssdps are highly expressed in the neural tube and promote motor neuron differentiation in the embryonic spinal cord and P19 stem cells. Inhibition of Ssdp activity in mouse and chick embryos suppresses the generation of motor neurons and V2a-interneurons. Furthermore, Ssdps recruit histone modifying enzymes to the motor neuron-specifying LIM-complex and trigger histone H3-acetylation and H3-lysine-4-trimethylation, well-established chromatin marks for active transcription. Our results suggest that Ssdps function as critical transcriptional coactivators for LIM-complexes to specify spinal neuronal identities during development.
ARMS/Kidins220 and synembryn-B levels regulate NGF-mediated secretion
Authors: López-Benito Saray , Lillo Concepción , Hernández-Hernández Ángel , Chao Moses V. , Arévalo Juan C.
Published: March 2016

Proper development of the nervous system requires a temporally and spatially orchestrated set of events including differentiation, synapse formation and neurotransmission. Nerve growth factor (NGF) acting through the TrkA neurotrophin receptor (also known as NTRK1) regulates many of these events. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for NGF-regulated secretion are not completely understood. Here, we describe a new signaling pathway involving TrkA, ARMS (also known as Kidins220), synembryn-B and Rac1 in NGF-mediated secretion in PC12 cells. Whereas overexpression of ARMS blocked NGF-mediated secretion, without affecting basal secretion, a decrease in ARMS resulted in potentiation. Similar effects were observed with synembryn-B, a protein that interacts directly with ARMS. Downstream of ARMS and synembryn-B are Gαq and Trio proteins, which modulate the activity of Rac1 in response to NGF. Expression of dominant-negative Rac1 rescued the secretion defects of cells overexpressing ARMS or synembryn-B. Thus, this neurotrophin pathway represents a new mechanism responsible for NGF-regulated secretion.
The Politics of Financial Development: A Review of Calomiris and Haber's Fragile by Design
Authors: Rousseau Peter L.
Published: March 2016

Fragile by Design by Charles W. Calomiris and Stephen H. Haber introduces a framework for understanding financial crises and credit abundance with politics at its center. Using the historical experiences of five nations to illustrate, the authors propose that democracies such as the United States and Canada can have stable banks and ample credit so long as populist forces do not dominate the policy agenda, and that strong autocratic states such as Mexico can also achieve stability at the cost of restricting credit. Weak autocracies, such as Brazil over much of its history, often require inflationary finance and suffer from the banking fragility that comes with it. The authors identify populist ideologies and related policy decisions (such as unit banking, deposit insurance, and the Community Reinvestment Act) as underlying causes of banking instability in the United States as typified by the recent subprime crisis. Canada, in contrast, by holding populist forces in check through calculated political choices, remains crisis-free. (JEL D72, E44, G01, G21, N20, O16, O17)
Regulatory Races: The Effects of Jurisdictional Competition on Regulatory Standards
Authors: Carruthers Bruce G. , Lamoreaux Naomi R.
Published: March 2016

This article surveys the literature on regulatory arbitrage in four settings: labor regulation, environmental protection, corporate governance, and banking and finance. For a regulatory race to occur, firms must migrate across state or country borders in response to geographic differences in the costs and benefits of regulation, and governments must shape their regulatory policies with the aim of affecting those migration flows. We find that both these conditions hold only in rare circumstances. Instead, the much more common outcome is for political pressures within jurisdictions to produce a heterogeneous pattern resembling Tiebout sorting. Such regulatory convergence as occurs is more often the result of deliberate harmonization or imitation. (JEL G18, G28, G38, H73, J08, L51, Q58)
A curated transcriptome dataset collection to investigate the immunobiology of HIV infection
Authors: Blazkova Jana , Boughorbel Sabri , Presnell Scott , Quinn Charlie , Chaussabel Damien
Published: March 2016

Compendia of large-scale datasets available in public repositories provide an opportunity to identify and fill current gaps in biomedical knowledge. But first, these data need to be readily accessible to research investigators for interpretation. Here, we make available a collection of transcriptome datasets relevant to HIV infection. A total of 2717 unique transcriptional profiles distributed among 34 datasets were identified, retrieved from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and loaded in a custom web application, the Gene Expression Browser (GXB), designed for interactive query and visualization of integrated large-scale data. Multiple sample groupings and rank lists were created to facilitate dataset query and interpretation via this interface. Web links to customized graphical views can be generated by users and subsequently inserted in manuscripts reporting novel findings, such as discovery notes. The tool also enables browsing of a single gene across projects, which can provide new perspectives on the role of a given molecule across biological systems. This curated dataset collection is available at:http://hiv.gxbsidra.org/dm3/geneBrowser/list.
On the Impact of Uncertain Cost Reduction When Selling to Strategic Customers
Authors: Shum Stephen , Tong Shilu , Xiao Tingting
Published: March 2016

Many products undergo cost reductions over their product life cycles. However, strategic customers may have more incentive to wait if they expect a cost reduction to lead to a price drop. A firm that does not face any uncertainty can use pricing strategies such as price commitment and price matching to alleviate the strategic waiting of customers. However, these pricing strategies provide less flexibility than dynamic pricing for a firm facing uncertainty. In this paper, we examine the impact of cost reduction under dynamic pricing, price commitment, and price matching when cost reduction can come from production learning or from technology advancement. The firm makes pricing decisions when facing uncertainty in future cost, and strategic customers decide whether to wait when facing uncertainty in future price. We show that in general the firm’s profit is higher when future cost is more uncertain, but not necessarily when cost reduction is more significant. In addition, production learning and technology advancement can have opposite effects on the optimal pricing decisions and the choice of pricing strategy.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Assessment of Patient Safety Culture in Primary Healthcare Services in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Aida Mohey , Ali Mona Shawki , Gewaifel Gihan Ismail
Published: March 2016

Background: Patient safety is a critical component of healthcare quality. This study aimed at assessing the perceptions of primary healthcare staff members about patient safety culture and explores the areas of deficiency and opportunities for improvement concerning this issue.

Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study surveyed 328 staff members in 28 primary healthcare facilities in Alexandria using an anonymous direct structured interview format of a modified “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture” adopted questionnaire. The total number of respondents was 250 participants (response rate = 76.2%). The main outcome measures include patient safety culture score including sub scores on 12 dimensions and 42 items; patient safety grade, number of events reported and factors contributing to the adverse events.

Results: The overall median% score for perception of patient safety culture at the facility level was 68.6%. After controlling of the confounders; being female respondent, being physicians or nurses or midwives, having long experience in PHC service and receiving education and training about safety issues were positively associated with positive response on patient safety culture scale. The domains with the highest positive score and are thus considered areas of strength were teamwork within units (80.0%), management support for patient safety (80.0%), supervisor expectations and actions promoting patient safety (75.0%) and handoffs and transitions (75.0%). Dimensions scoring the lowest and as such can be considered areas requiring improvement were overall perceptions of patient safety, frequency of events reported and staffing (60% give positive response for each). More than two-fifths (43.6%) did not report any events in the 12 months preceding the survey. The difference between professions regarding the most common procedure that causes adverse event is statistically significant. Patients' related factors such as ignorance and socio cultural acceptance were reported to be the most common factors contributing to the adverse events (92.4% of the studied participants reported that).

Conclusions: Improving patient safety culture should be a priority among health center administrators. Healthcare staff should be encouraged to report errors
Blow-up techniques and regularity near the boundary for free discontinuity problems
Authors: Maddalena Francesco , Solimini Sergio
Published: March 2016

In this paper we exploit some compactness properties of the set of quasiminimizers of a functional with free discontinuities with the aim of obtaining blow-up techniques. These techniques are finally applied to show regularity near the boundary of the minimizers of the Mumford-Shah functional.
Bifurcation From Infinity Induced by a Degeneracy in Semilinear Equations
Authors: Du Yihong , Ouyang Tiancheng
Published: March 2016

We show that for a class of semilinear elliptic eigenvalue problems, including the model case

-Δu = λu - h(x) - h(x)|u|p-1u, u|∂Ω = 0,

where p > 1 and the nonnegative function h(x) vanishes on a proper subset of Ω, global bifurcation branches from higher eigenvalues are unbounded and blow up at parameter values determined by the vanishing set Ω0 of h(x). In particular, we prove that bifurcation from infinity is possible only at λ ∈ {λk(Ω0) : k ≥ 1}. Moreover, when Ω is an interval, for each k ≥ 1, there is a pair of continuous solution curves that bifurcate out of (λk(Ω0), ∞). For various cases, we demonstrate that there is a global bifurcation branch connecting (λk(Ω), 0) and(λk(Ω0), ∞). Most of our results do not require the nonlinear term to be odd.
The Prescribed Scalar Curvature on a 3 - Dimensional CR Manifold
Authors: Gamara Najoua
Published: March 2016

We extend to the CR framework an equivalent problem to the well known Kazdan- Warner problem on Riemannian manifolds. Let (M, θ) be a three-dimensional pseudo Hermitian CR compact manifold, locally conformally CR equivalent to the sphere S3 of C4. We give suitable conditions on a C3 positive function K, defined on M, to be the Webster scalar curvature for a contact form on M conformal to θ.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Oscillation of Planar like-Lienard Systems
Authors: Granados Bertha , Tineo Antonio
Published: March 2016

In this paper we consider the planar system x' = f (x, y), y' = -g(x, y), where f-1(0) is the graph of a function F and g(x, y)x > 0 for x ≠ 0, and we study the intersection of the trajectories of the system with the curves y = F(x) and x = 0. We improve some results in the line of [I], [4] and [3].
Multiplicity results for systems of asymptotically linear second order equations
Authors: Capietto Anna , Dalbono Francesca
Published: March 2016

We prove the existence and multiplicity of solutions, with prescribed nodal properties, for a BVP associated with a system of asymptotically linear second order equations. The applicability of an abstract continuation theorem is ensured by upper and lower bounds on the number of zeros of each component of a solution.
Removable Singularities and Existence for a Quasilinear Equation with Absorption or Source Term and Measure Data
Authors: Bidaut-Véron Marie Françoise
Published: March 2016

We study the properties of the following equations with absorption or source term

-Δpu = ± |u|q-1 u + μ,

in a domain Ω of ℝN, where 1 < p < N, q > p-1, and μ is a Radon measure on Ω. We introduce a notion of local entropy solution, and give necessary conditions on μ for the existence of solutions, in terms of capacity. The question of removability of sets is also considered, as well as some stability results. Finally we give existence results in ℝN for the case of absorption.
Absence of Solutions for Some Elliptic Equations and Systems in Half-Space with Nonlinear Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Eric Nabana
Published: March 2016

This work deals with the nonexistence of solutions of the semilinear elliptic equation -Δu = a(x)|u|p in ℝN
+ = { x = ( x1 , . . . , xN) ∈ ℝN : xN > 0 ) , with the boundary condition

on ∂ℝN
+ = {(xʹ, 0) : xʹ ∈ ℝN-1}, where a(x) ≥ 0, b(xʹ) ≥ 0, p > 1 and q > 1. We are also concerned with a nonexistence result for the system -Δui = ai(x)|ui+1|pi, x ∈ ℝN
+ , 1 ≤ i ≤ m, um+1 = u1 with

on ∂ℝN
+ , where ai(x) ≥ 0 and pi > 1.
Perturbation of Global Solution Curves for Semilinear Problems
Authors: Korman Philip , Li Yi , Ouyang Tiancheng
Published: March 2016

We revisit the question of exact multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of Dirichlet problems for cubic-like nonlinearities, which we studied in [6]. Instead of computing the direction of bifurcation as we did in [6], we use an indirect approach, and study the evolution of turning points. We give conditions under which the critical (turning) points continue on smooth curves, which allows us to reduce the problem to the easier case of f (0) = 0. We show that the smallest root of f (u) does not have to be restricted.
On the Existence of Positive Solutions of Slightly Supercritical Elliptic Equations
Authors: Molle Riccardo , Passaseo Donato
Published: March 2016

In this paper we deal with existence and multiplicity of solutions for problem P(ε, Ω) below, in bounded domains Ω which do not satisfy some symmetry prop erties that play an important role in the proof of previous results on this subject. For ε > 0 small and k large enough, we construct solutions blowing up, as ε → 0, at exactly k points which approach the boundary of Ω as k tends to infinity.

We also present some examples showing that solutions of this type also exist in some contractible domains which may be even very close to starshaped domains.
A Priori Estimates for Solutions of "Sub-critical" Equations on CR Sphere
Authors: Prajapat J. , Ramaswamy Mythily
Published: March 2016

Here we study the precise blow-up behaviour and obtain a priori estimates for the finite energy C2-solutions of the equation

on the odd dimensional spheres S2n+1 with standard CR structure, as the exponent

for p ∈

, Q = 2n + 2 is the homogeneous dimension.
Non-simultaneous Blow-up in a Nonlinear Parabolic System
Authors: Quirós Fernando , Rossi Julio D.
Published: March 2016

We prove the existence of a nontrivially coupled parabolic system such that one of its components becomes unbounded at a finite time while the other remains bounded, a situation that we denote as non-simultaneous blow-up. Our system consists of two porous medium equations with coupled nonlinear flux boundary conditions. As a preliminary step, we will obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for blow-up. Next we characterize completely, in the case of increasing in time solutions, the set of parameters appearing in the system for which nonsimultaneous blow-up indeed occurs. In the course of our proofs we will obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the blow-up of solutions to general porous medium type equations on the half-line with a prescribed flux at the boundary blowing up at a finite time, a result of independent interest.
Admissible Shapes of 4-Body Non-collinear Relative Equilibria
Authors: Long Yiming
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we study possible shapes of 4-body non-collinear relative equilibria for any positive masses, and give estimates on their geometric quantities.
Efficient Numerical Shadowing Global Error Estimation for High Dimensional Dissipative Systems
Authors: Collis Jon , Van Vleck Erik S.
Published: March 2016

Shadowing is a means of characterizing global errors in the numerical solution of initial value differential equations by allowing for small perturbations in the initial conditions. The method presented in this paper provides a technique for efficient estimation of the shadowing global error for systems that have a large number of exponentially decaying modes. The method is formulated for one-step methods and is applied to the spatial discretization of some dissipative PDEs.
Blow-up Results for Parabolic Inequalities with Chipot–Weissler Nonlinearity in the Gradient Term
Authors: Piccirillo Anna Maria , Toscano Luisa , Toscano Speranza
Published: March 2016

We obtain blow-up results for a wide class of nonlinear parabolic problems with nonlinearity of the Chipot-Weissler type in the gradient term. Some of these answer an open question concerning the nonexistence of positive solutions to the problem

where λ > 0 is small, u0 ∈ Lloc(ℝN) with u0 ≥ 0, when

. For this purpose we use the method of “test function”.
Emergence of Waves in a Nonlinear Convection-Reaction-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Kamin Shoshana , Rosenau Philip
Published: March 2016

In this work we prove that for some class of initial data the solution of the Cauchy problem

ut = (um)xx + a(um)x + u(1 - um-1), x ∈ ℝ; t > 0

u(0; x) = u0(x), u0(x) ≥ 0

approaches the travelling solution, spreading either to the right or to the left, or two travelling waves moving in opposite directions.
Old and New Results for First Order Periodic ODEs without Uniqueness: a Comprehensive Study by Lower and Upper Solutions
Authors: Obersnel Franco , Omari Pierpaolo
Published: March 2016

An elementary approach, based on a systematic use of lower and upper solutions, is employed to detect the qualitative properties of solutions of first order scalar periodic ordinary differential equations. This study is carried out in the Carathéodory setting, avoiding any uniqueness assumption, in the future or in the past, for the Cauchy problem. Various classical and recent results are recovered and generalized.
Maximal Regularity for Nonautonomous Evolution Equations
Authors: Amann H.
Published: March 2016

We derive sufficient conditions, perturbation theorems in particular, for nonautonomous evolution equations to possess the property of maximal Lp regularity.
Neural Architecture and Locomotion
Authors: Turner R.E.L.
Published: March 2016

Ascaris suum is a parasitic nematode that lives in pigs' intestines. It is a tempting subject for neurophysiologists in that it is 'simple', having only 300 neurons, about 80 of which are associated with locomotion. The muscular and neural structures are quite well understood, but the means by which they produce locomotion are not. In earlier work we developed a dynamic model for a single muscle cell; the model showed remarkably good correspondence with the voltage dynamics recorded in the laboratory. Here we use collections of model cells to represent dorsal and ventral muscle chains in the worm. The neuromuscular architecture in Ascaris is extremely complicated; we show, however, that by using suitable synaptic links between the model cells, we can create propagating waves of voltage variation that correspond to fictive motion.
Periodic Solutions of Symmetric Elliptic Singular Systems
Authors: Battelli Flaviano , Fečkan Michal
Published: March 2016

We show the existence of periodic solutions of certain singularly perturbed systems having symmetry properties. Our results apply to some singular systems arising in the study of Hamiltonian systems with a strong restoring force.
Finite Speed of Propagation in Monostable Degenerate Reaction-Diffusion-Convection Equations
Authors: Malaguti Luisa , Marcelli Cristina
Published: March 2016

We study the existence and properties of travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-KPP reaction-diffusion-convection equation ut+ h(u)ux= [D(u)ux]x+ g(u), where the diffusivity D(u) is simply or doubly degenerate. Both the cases when Ḋ(0) and Ḋ(1) are possibly zero real values or infinity, are treated. We discuss the effects, due to the presence of a convective term, concerning the property of finite speed of propagation. Moreover, in the doubly degenerate case we show the appearance of new types of profiles and provide their classification according to sharp relations between the nonlinear terms of the model. An application is also presented, concerning the evolution of a bacterial colony.
Remarks on Nonlinear Elliptic Problems on Long Domains
Authors: Dancer E.N.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we discuss the behaviour of solutions near a turning point for weakly nonlinear elliptic equations on long domains. We are looking for results independent of the domain length. In the process we obtain some local uniqueness and non-degeneracy results for homoclinic solutions on infinite strips.
Non-radial Maximizers For Functionals With Exponential Non-linearity in ℝ2
Authors: Calanchi Marta , Terraneo Elide
Published: March 2016

We consider the functional F : H1
0(B(0,1)) → ℝ

where α > 0,p > 0, 1 < γ ≤ 2, and B(0,1) is the unit ball in ℝ2. We prove that for any p > 0, 1 < γ < 2 and 0 < p < 4π, γ = 2 no maximizer of F(u) on the unit ball in H1
0 is radially symmetric provided that cu is large enough. This extends a result of Smets, Su and Willem concerning the existence of non-radial ground state solutions for the Rayleigh quotient related to the Hénon equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Multiplicity of Positive Solutions For a Quasilinear Problem in IRN Via Penalization Method
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Figueiredo Giovany M.
Published: March 2016

The multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions are established for the equation −εpΔpu + V (z)|u|p-2u = f(u) in IRN, where V is a positive continuous function and f ∈ C1 is a function having subcritical and superlinear growth.
Periodic Solutions of Equations of Emarkov-Pinney Type
Authors: Zhang Meirong
Published: March 2016

After establishing a relation between the Hill’s equations and the Emarkov-Pinney equations, we are able to use degree theory to remove a technical assumption in [14], and give a complete set of non-resonance conditions for differential equations with repulsive singularities.
Solutions in Exterior Domains of Null Mass Nonlinear Field Equations
Authors: Benci Vieri , Micheletti Anna Maria
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of solutions of the problem:

where Ω ⊂ ℝN is an exterior domain and f″(0) = 0.
On the Least Action Principle – Hamiltonian Dynamics on Fixed Energy Levels in the Non-convex Case
Authors: Giambò Roberto , Giannoni Fabio , Piccione Paolo
Published: March 2016

We review the classical Principle of the Least Action in a general context where the Hamilton functionH is possibly non-convex. We show how the van Groesen [6] principle follows as a particular case where H is hyperregular and of homogeneous type. Homogeneous scalar field spacetimes in spherical symmetry are derived as an application.
Infinitely Many Solutions of Elliptic Problems With Perturbed Symmetries in Symmetric Domains
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Hernández-Martínez Eric
Published: March 2016

We study superlinear elliptic boundary value problems with perturbed symmetries in domains which are invariant under the action of a group G. We give conditions on the growth of the nonlinearity which guarantee the existence of infinitely many G-invariant solutions. These conditions improve those obtained by Bahri and Lions (1988) and Bolle, Ghoussoub and Tehrani (2000) if the domain contains a G-orbit of large enough dimension.
Existence of Multi-Bump Solutions For a Class of Quasilinear Problems
Authors: Alves Claudianor O.
Published: March 2016

Using variational methods we establish existence of multi-bump solutions for the following class of quasilinear problems

-Δpu + (λV(x) + Z(x))up-1 = f(u); u > 0 in ℝN

where Δpu is the p-Laplacian operator, 2 ≤ p < N, λ ∈ (0, ∞), f is a continuous function with subcritical growth and V,Z : ℝN → ℝ are continuous functions verifying some hypothesis.
On the Prescribed Paneitz Curvature Problem on the Standard Spheres
Authors: Abdelhedi Wael , Chtioui Hichem
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we study some fourth order conformal invariants on the standard n-spheres, n ≥ 5. Using topological arguments, we give a variety of classes of functions that can be realized as Paneitz curvature.
Existence of Sign-Changing Solutions to a Dirichlet Problem With p-Laplacian and Weights
Authors: Lin Lishan , Li Yongqing
Published: March 2016

We study the following Dirichlet problem with the p-Laplacian and weights:

We show the existence of a positive solution, a negative solution and a sign-changing solution to the problem.
Large Solutions For a Class of Nonlinear Elliptic Equations With Gradient Terms
Authors: Leonori Tommaso
Published: March 2016

In this paper we prove the existence, in a suitable sense, of a large solution (a solution that blows-up at the boundary) for a class of nonlinear elliptic equations whose model is

-Δpu + u + u|▽u|q = f in Ω,

p > 1, p - 1 < q ≤ p and f(x) ∈ L1(Ω). The main tool in order to prove it relies on approximating the problem with a more regular one, prove local (i.e. independent from the behavior on the boundary) a priori estimates and local compactness for truncations in W1,p(Ω). Such scheme of the proof is also applied in order to prove the existence of a solution for equations of the type

-Δpu + u + u|▽u|q = f in ℝN,

where f(x) ∈ L1
loc(ℝN) without any condition at infinity. Moreover, the local summability of the solution depending on the local summability of the datum is studied.
Elliptic Obstacle Problems With Natural Growth on the Gradient and Singular Nonlinear Term
Authors: Arcoya David , Carmona José , Martínez-Aparicio Pedro J.
Published: March 2016

Given a bounded, open set Ω in ℝN (N ≥ 3), ψ∈ W1,p(Ω) (p > N) such that υ̸+ ∈ H0
1(Ω) ∩ L∞(Ω) and a suitable strictly positive (see (1.4)) function a ∈ Lq(Ω) with q > N/2, we prove the existence of positive solution w ∈ H0
1(Ω) of some variational inequality with a singular nonlinearity whose typical model is

where the set of test functions K1 consists of all functions υ ∈ H0
1(Ω) ∩ L∞(Ω) such that υ(x) ≥ ψ(x) a.e. x ∈ Ω and supp (υ - ψ+) ⊂⊂ Ω. Bigger classes of test functions are also studied. We also recover the case in which the variational inequality reduces to an equation.
Periodic Bounce Solutions of Hamiltonian Systems in Bounded Domains
Authors: Liu Yong , Jiang Mei-Yue
Published: March 2016

Periodic bounce solutions of the second order Hamiltonian system

−x″ = ∇V (x, t), x(t) ∈ Ω̅

is studied, where Ω ⊂ ℝN is a bounded domain diffeomorphic to the unit ball and V ∈ C2(Ω̅ × ℝ) is periodic in the time t.
Periodic Problem Involving Quasilinear Differential Operator and Weak Singularity
Authors: Cabada Alberto , Lomtatidze Alexander , Tvrdý Milan
Published: March 2016

We study the singular periodic boundary value problem of the form

(|u′|p−2 u′)′ = f(t, u), u(0) = u(T), u′(0) = u′(T),

where 1 < p < ∞ and f ∈ Car([0, T] × (0,∞)) can have a repulsive space singularity at x = 0. Contrary to previous results by Mawhin and Jebelean, Liu Bing and Rachůnková and Tvrdý, we need not assume any strong force conditions. Our main existence results rely on a new antimaximum principle for periodic quasilinear periodic problem, which has an independent meaning.
Classical and Non-Classical Sign-Changing Solutions of a One-Dimensional Autonomous Prescribed Curvature Equation
Authors: Obersnel Franco
Published: March 2016

We discuss existence and multiplicity of solutions of the one-dimensional autonomous prescribed curvature problem

, u(0) = 0, u(1) = 0,

depending on the behaviour at the origin and at infinity of the function f. We consider solutions that are possibly discontinuous at the points where they attain the value zero.
Homology Computation
Authors: Bahri Abbas
Published: March 2016

We identify using the rational S1-cohomology of the space Cβ the odd generators of the homology for contact forms defined in [3].
Homology for Contact Forms Via Legendrian Curves of General Dual 1-Forms
Authors: Bahri Abbas
Published: March 2016

We extend in this paper the definition of the homology for contact forms defined in [1] to the case when the ”dual” form β is not a contact form anymore.
Dynamics of Generic Multidimensional Linear Differential Systems
Authors: Bessa Mário
Published: March 2016

We prove that there exists a residual subset R (with respect to the C0 topology) of d-dimensional linear differential systems based in a μ-invariant flow and with transition matrix evolving in GL(d,ℝ) such that if A ∈ R, then, for μ-a.e. point, the Oseledets splitting along the orbit is dominated (uniform projective hyperbolicity) or else the Lyapunov spectrum is trivial. Moreover, in the conservative setting, we obtain the dichotomy: dominated splitting versus zero Lyapunov exponents.
On Positive Solutions of Minimal Growth For Singular p-Laplacian With Potential Term
Authors: Pinchover Yehuda , Tintarev Kyril
Published: March 2016

Let Ω be a domain in ℝd, d ≥ 2, and 1 < p < ∞. Fix V ∈ L∞
loc(Ω). Consider the functional Q and its Gâteaux derivative Qʹ given by

It is assumed that Q ≥ 0 on C0
∞(Ω). In a previous paper [22] we discussed relations between the absence of weak coercivity of the functional Q on C0
∞(Ω) and the existence of a generalized ground state. In the present paper we study further relationships between functional-analytic properties of the functional Q and properties of positive solutions of the equation Qʹ(u) = 0.
Periodic Bifurcation For Semilinear Differential Equations With Lipschitzian Perturbations in Banach Spaces
Authors: Kamenskii Mikhail , Makarenkovy Oleg , Nistriz Paolo
Published: March 2016

Let A : D(A) → E, D(A) ⊂ E; be an infinitesimal generator either of an analytic compact semigroup or of a contractive C0-semigroup of linear operators acting in a Banach space E. In this paper we give both necessary and sufficient conditions for bifurcation of T- periodic solutions for the equation ẋ = Ax + f(t, x) + εg(t, x, ε) from a k-parameterized family of T-periodic solutions of the unperturbed equation corresponding to ε = 0. We show that by means of a suitable modification of the classical Mel’nikov approach we can construct a bifurcation function and to formulate the conditions for the existence of bifurcation in terms of the topological index of the bifurcation function. To do this, since the perturbation term g is only Lipschitzian we need to extend the classical Lyapunov- Schmidt reduction to the present nonsmooth case.
Multiplicity Result for Quasilinear Elliptic Problems with General Growth in the Gradient
Authors: Abdellaoui Boumediene
Published: March 2016

The main result of this work is to get the existence of infinitely many radial positive solutions to the problem

-Δpu = |▽u|q + λf(x) in Ω, u|aΩ = 0,

where Ω = B1(0) and f is a radial positive function. Since, in general when q ≠ p, a Hopf-Cole type change can not be used, we will consider just the existence and multiplicity of positive radial solutions. The main idea is to get a relation between radial positive solutions of the above equation and a suitable quasilinear family of problems with measures data that we will make precise later.
Symmetric And Nonsymmetric Solutions For a Class of Quasilinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Severo Uberlandio B.
Published: March 2016

We use the mountain-pass theorem combined with the principle of symmetric criticality to establish multiplicity of solutions for the class of quasilinear elliptic equations

-Δu + V(z)u - Δ(u2)u = h(u) in ℝN

where N ≥ 4, the potential V : ℝN → ℝ is positive and bounded away from zero and satisfies appropriate periodic and symmetric conditions. The nonlinear term h(u) has subcritical growth and satisfies a condition of the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type. Schrödinger equations of this type have been studied as models of several physical phenomena. The nonlinearity here corresponds to the superfluid film equation in plasma physics.
Existence of Solutions for a Semilinear Elliptic Equation in ℝN with Sign-changing Weight
Authors: Yang Jianfu , Yu Xiaohui
Published: March 2016

We study the existence of solutions for the semilinear elliptic equation

where 1 < p <

, Q(x) is a sign-changing function such that both the supports of Q+ and Q- may have infinite measure. We show that the problem has at least one solution.
Non-Radial Very Singular Similarity Solutions of Absorption-Diffusion Equations with Non-Homogeneous Potentials
Authors: Galaktionov V.A.
Published: March 2016

The semilinear heat equation with absorption and a power-type potential,

ut = Δu - |x|β|u|p-1u in ℝN × ℝ+, with p > 1, β > -2,

is considered. In the subcritical range

, this problem is shown to admit a finite set of self-similar very singular solutions (VSSs),

where f(y) has exponential decay at infinity and solves the semilinear elliptic equation

.

Some local bifurcation results are extended to the fourth-order equation

ut = -Δ2u - |x|β|u|p-1u, with p > 1, β > -4.
Compactness
Authors: Bahri Abbas
Published: March 2016

We establish , within the framework of the variational problem and the homology for contact forms defined in [3], partial compactness results for flow-lines originating at periodic orbits. These compactness results are stronger when the index of the dominating periodic orbit is even.
On Concentration of Positive Bound States for the Schrödinger-Poisson Problem with Potentials
Authors: Ianni Isabella , Vaira Giusi
Published: March 2016

We study the existence of semiclassical states for a nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson system that concentrate near critical points of the external potential and of the density charge function. We use a perturbation scheme in a variational setting, extending the results in [1]. We also discuss necessary conditions for concentration.
Sobolev Inequalities and Ellipticity of Planar Linear Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Zhang Meirong
Published: March 2016

In this paper we will establish two different classes of ellipticity criteria, called the Lp criteria and the Lp-Lq criteria respectively, for planar linear Hamiltonian systems with periodic coefficients. The criteria are explicitly expressed using the Lp and Lq norms of coefficients and some known Sobolev constants. These results can be considered as the extensions of the famous Lyapunov stability criterion for Hill’s equations.
A Nonresonance Condition for Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Ward James Robert
Published: March 2016

We consider the boundary value problem

u″ + g(u)u = h(t, u, u′)

u(0) = 0, u(π) = 0

with g continuous, periodic, and positive and h continuous and bounded. It is shown that there is a solution if the mean value of g is not the square of an integer.
Existence, Asymptotic Behavior and Uniqueness for Large Solutions to Δu = eq(x)u
Authors: García-Melián Jorge , Sabina de Lis José C. , Rossi Julio D.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we consider existence, asymptotic behavior near the boundary and uniqueness for solutions to Δu = eq(x)u in a bounded smooth domain Ω with the boundary condition u(x) → + ∞ as dist(x, ∂Ω) → 0. The exponent q(x) is assumed to be a Hölder continuous function which is either positive on ∂Ω or is positive in a neighborhood of ∂Ω maybe vanishing on ∂Ω. When dealing with nonnegative exponents q we are allowing nonempty interior regions Ω0 ⊂ Ω where q vanishes. Changing sign exponents q will be also considered.
The Uniqueness of Weak Solutions of the Globally Modified Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Romito Marco
Published: March 2016

We prove uniqueness for the globally modified Navier-Stokes equations recently introduced by Caraballo, Real & Kloeden in [1] for initial conditions in the space H of square-summable divergence-free vector fields.
Multiple Solutions for Resonant Hemivariational Inequalities via Minimax Methods
Authors: Kyritsi Sophia Th. , O’ Regan Donal , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we consider nonlinear Dirichlet problems driven by the p-Laplacian differential operator with a nonsmooth potential (hemivariational inequalities). We assume that the problem is resonant at infinity with respect to λ1 > 0 (the principal eigenvalue of the Dirichlet p-Lapalcian) from the right. Using minimax methods based on the nonsmooth critical point theory we prove an existence and a multiplicity theorem.
Evolution of Spacelike Hypersurfaces by Mean Curvature Minus External Force Field in Minkowski Space
Authors: Liu Yannan , Jian Huaiyu
Published: March 2016

We study the evolution of spacelike hypersurface moving by mean curvature minus an external force field in Minkowski space. It is shown that the flow will exist for all time if the initial spacelike surface has two compact spacelike barrier surfaces and the external force field satisfies a weak convexity condition.
On the Symmetry of Extremals for the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg Inequalities
Authors: Dolbeaulty Jean , Estebany Maria J. , Lossz Michael , Tarantello Gabriella
Published: March 2016

In this paper we prove some new symmetry results for the extremals of the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities, in any dimension larger or equal to 2.
Generic Properties of Singularly Perturbed Nonlinear Elliptic Problems on Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Micheletti Anna Maria , Pistoia Angela
Published: March 2016

Given (M, g) the set {(ε, h) ∈ (0, 1) × Sk : any solution u ∈ A of -ε2 Δg+h u+u = (u+)p-1 on M is non degenerate} is an open dense subset of (0, 1) × Bρ where Bρ is a suitable ball centered at 0 with radius ρ in the Banach space Sk. Here Sk is the space of all Ck symmetric covariant 2-tensors on M and A is a bounded subset of Hg
1 (M) which does not contain the constant function 1.
Existence of Solutions to Quasilinear Elliptic Equations With Singular Weights
Authors: Iturriaga Leonelo , Lorca Sebastian , Montenegro Marcelo
Published: March 2016

In this paper we show the existence of multiple solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic equations with singular weights when the continuous nonlinearity satisfies a superlinear condition only at zero. In particular, our approach allows us to consider superlinear, critical and supercritical nonlinearities.
Coexistence States for Cyclic 3-Dimensional Systems
Authors: Ruiz-Herrera Alfonso
Published: March 2016

We find coexistence states for systems in three dimensions with cyclic dynamic in the boundary of ℝ+
3. This problem had been already studied for competitive systems. In this paper we consider any interaction. This extension seems to be meaningful since the cyclic dynamic on the boundary can appear in natural way in many interactions.
On Best Constants for Limiting Embeddings of Fractional Sobolev Spaces
Authors: Costa David G. , Figueiredo Djairo G. de , Yang Jianfu
Published: March 2016

We consider embeddings of a class of fractional Sobolev spaces Es(Ω) (s ≥ 0) into their limiting Lp(Ω) spaces, for a bounded smooth domain Ω ⊂ ℝN, and study the relationship between the best constants for these embeddings and other best constants corresponding to the case Ω = ℝN.
Forced Duffing Equation With a Resonance Condition
Authors: Tomiczek Petr
Published: March 2016

This article is devoted to the study of the existence of a solution to the periodic nonlinear second order ordinary differential equation with damping

uʺ (x) + cuʹ (x) + g(x,u(x)) = f(x), x ∈ [0, T], u(0) = u(T), uʹ(0) = uʹ(T),

where c ∈ ℝ, g is a Caratheodory function, f ∈ L1([0, T), a quotient

lies between 0 and

and a nonlinearity g satisfies Landesman Lazer type condition near the zero. The techniques we use are a variational method and a critical point theorem.
Asymptotic Symmetry for a Class of Quasi-Linear Parabolic Problems
Authors: Montoro Luigi , Sciunzi Berardino , Squassina Marco
Published: March 2016

We study the symmetry properties of the weak positive solutions to a class of quasi-linear elliptic problems having a variational structure. On this basis, the asymptotic behaviour of global solutions of the corresponding parabolic equations is also investigated. In particular, if the domain is a ball, the elements of the ω limit set are nonnegative radially symmetric solutions of the stationary problem.
A Multiplicity Theorem for Double Resonant Periodic Problems
Authors: Gasiński Leszek , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S.
Published: March 2016

We consider semilinear periodic ordinary differential equations with the nonlinearity exhibiting double resonance at infinity in the spectral interval [λk, λk+1], k ≥ 1. Using minimax methods based on the critical point theory together with Morse theory, we show that the problem has at least four nontrivial solutions.
Normal Geodesics Connecting two Non-necessarily Spacelike Submanifolds in a Stationary Spacetime
Authors: Bartolo R. , Candela A.M. , Caponio E.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we obtain an existence theorem for normal geodesics joining two given submanifolds in a globally hyperbolic stationary spacetime ℳ. The proof is based on both variational and geometric arguments involving the causal structure of ℳ, the completeness of suitable Finsler metrics associated to it and some basic properties of a submersion. By this interaction, unlike previous results on the topic, also non-spacelike submanifolds can be handled.
Uniformly Elliptic Liouville Type Equations Part II: Pointwise Estimates and Location of Blow up Points
Authors: Bartolucci Daniele , Orsina Luigi
Published: March 2016

We refine the analysis, initiated in [3], [4] of the blow up phenomenon for the following two dimensional uniformly elliptic Liouville type problem in divergence form:

We provide a partial generalization of a result of Y.Y. Li [18] to the case A ≠ I. To this end, in the same spirit of [2], we obtain a sharp pointwise estimate for simple blow up sequences. Moreover, we prove that if {p1, ...,pN} is the blow up set corresponding to a given simple blow up sequence, then,

(∆detA)(pj) = 0, ∀ j = 1, ...,N.

This characterization of the blow up set yields an improvement of the a priori estimates already established in [3].