bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a 2-Year-Old Down Syndrome Child: Successful Management With Adenotonsillectomy Followed by Rapid Maxillary Expansion Treatment
Authors: Park Marn Joon , Kim Yoon-Ji , Chung Yoo-Sam
Published: September 2022

Due to glossal and craniofacial skeletal abnormalities, children with Down syndrome (DS) are prone to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), thus demanding an increased necessity for an earlier diagnosis and more strict control for OSA. Adenotonsillectomy (T&A op) is an effective surgical treatment method to reduce OSA in children. Nevertheless, it should be noted that T&A op in DS children might be insufficient to completely resolve OSA and that extra care is needed when performing a T&A op for airway obstruction in DS during the immediate postoperative period. The objective of the present study was to report a case of a 2-year-old male DS patient with severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] of 61.7/hr) which was consequently reduced to moderate OSA (AHI of 7.6/hr), followed by reduction to mild OSA (AHI of 4.8/hr) with an one-year of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) device application. With a 2-year application of the RME device, the hard palate width in the 1st and 2nd molar region was increased to 5.86 mm and 5.26 mm, respectively. This is the first case report describing that a severe OSA is reduced to moderate OSA with T&A op and further reduced to mild OSA with an RME device application.
The High-Dose of Exogenous Melatonin Did Not Alter the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Anoxic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Kanarskii Mikhail , Nekrasova Julia , Pradhan Pranil , Borisov Ilya , Korepina Olga , Kondratyeva Ekaterina , Nikitkina Angelina , Petrova Marina
Published: September 2022

Disturbance in circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle is typical for patients in the intensive care unit, which retards rehabilitation. To assess the effect of exogenous melatonin and simultaneous mitigation of intensive care unit environmental factors on sleep duration. We studied five patients with chronic disorder of consciousness caused by anoxic brain injury. In addition, we varied the level of melatonin secretion in blood plasma to assess melatonin’s bioavailability and elimination time. We evaluated the sleep-wake cycle using continuous videoelectroencephalogram monitoring with the addition of oculographic and myographic channels for 72 hours. All the patients received melatonin tablets on the second day, wore masks and ear plugs, and had no feeding and nursing manipulations at night on the second and third days. There was no significant difference in sleep time between the first, second, and third days. Future studies of the circadian rhythm should aim at gaining a deeper analysis of the characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle in patients with severe anoxic brain injury together with further research for possible ways to influence the circadian component of sleep.
Сила ненасилия: Сцепка этики и политики
Authors: Батлер Джудит
Published: September 2022

В своей новой книге Джудит Батлер доказывает, что этика ненасилия должна связываться с широкой политической борьбой за социальное равенство. Один из современных вызовов, с которыми сталкивается политика ненасилия, сводится к существованию расхождения во мнениях о том, что считать насилием и ненасилием. Батлер утверждает, что ненасилие часто ошибочно принимают за пассивную практику или за сосуществование с властью, но на самом деле ненасилие — этическая позиция, находящаяся в самой гуще политического поля. Если рассматривать ненасилие как этическую проблему в рамках социальной и политической философии, то потребуется осуществить критику индивидуализма, а также понять психосоциальный аспект насилия. Агрессивная форма ненасилия принимает то, что враждебность — составная часть нашего психического устройства, но она также ценит амбивалентность как способ предотвращения перерастания агрессии в насилие. Книга адресована философам, социологам, политологам, культурологам и тому кругу читателей, кому интересно знать, что сегодня происходит в современной социальной и политической философии.
Cooperative investment problem with an authoritative risk determined by Central Bank
Authors: Anwar Almualim
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we are interested to provide an analytic solution for cooperative investment risk with an authoritative risk determined by the central Bank. This problem plays an important role in solving cooperative investment problems in an investment sector such as insurance companies or banks etc and keeping in our mind the effect of a risk determined by the central Bank which has not been done before. We reformulate cooperative investment risk by writing dual representation for each risk preference (Coherent risk measure) for each agent (investor). Finding an analytic solution for this problem for both cases individual and cooperative investment problem by using dual representation for each risk preference has a strong effect on the financial market. Moreover, we find the equilibrium allocation in terms of an equilibrium price by formulating the optimization problem in the case of equilibrium with an initial endowment for each agent’s ’investor’. In addition, formulate a problem that covers the risk minimization problem with an expected return constraint and expected return maximization problem with risk constraint, in both individual and cooperative investment cases, for the general case of an arbitrary joint distribution for the asset return under certain conditions and assuming that all coherent risk measure is continuous from below. Thus, the optimal portfolio is written as the optimal Lagrange multiplier associated with an equality-constrained dual problem. Furthermore, a unique equilibrium allocation as a fair optimal allocation solution in terms of equilibrium price density function for each agent (investor) is also shown.
Thermodynamic-induced geometry of self-gravitating systems
Authors: BI Lev , AG Zagorodny
Published: September 2022

A new approach based on the nonequilibrium statistical operator is presented that makes it possible to take into account the inhomogeneous particle distribution and provides obtaining all thermodynamic relations of self-gravitating systems. The equations corresponding to the extremum of the partition function completely reproduce the well-known equations of the general theory of relativity. Guided by the principle of Mach's "economing of thinking" quantitatively and qualitatively, is shown that the classical statistical description and the associated thermodynamic relations reproduce Einstein's gravitational equation. The article answers the question of how is it possible to substantiate the general relativistic equations in terms of the statistical methods for the description of the behavior of the system in the classical case.
Devam Oyunlarında Alımlama: Tarla Kuşuydu Juliet, Nina ve Nora 2
Authors: ZEREN Vecihe Özge
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, klasikleşmiş oyun metinlerinin devamı niteliğinde olan oyunları, okurların alımlama düzeyleri bağlamında incelemektedir. Tiyatro literatüründe yaygın olmayan devam oyunu kavramı, metinlerarasılıkla ilişkili bir yazma pratiği olarak ele alınmıştır. Klasik dramatik yapının kültleşmiş metinlerini, dramatik tamamlanmışlık anlayışını yıkacak biçimde yeniden kurgulayan devam oyunları, kendine özgü bir kurgulama mantığı içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Her okur, tamamlanmış bir metnin devamını kendi hayal gücüyle yaratmaktadır. Devam oyunları, hayal gücüne dayalı bu özgürlük alanını kasıtlı olarak manipüle etmekte ve yazarın kurgusu, okurun olası kurgusunun önüne geçmektedir. Başka bir metinden yola çıkılarak yazılan devam oyunlarında ilk oyuna ilişkin bilgiler, okur alımlamasını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Devam oyunlarının alımlanma farklılıklarına odaklanan bu çalışmada, okurların ilk metni bilme düzeylerine göre bir okur sınıflandırması yapılmış ve ilk metni bilen okur, yarı-bilen okur ve bilmeyen okur olmak üzere üç okur grubu belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu okur gruplarının devam oyunlarını alımlama biçimleri, örnek olarak seçilen üç oyun üzerinden incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden metin analizi ile yapılan bu çalışmanın örneklem alanı için, Anton Çehov’un Martı oyunun devamı olan Matei Visniec’in Nina metni; William Shakespeare’in Romeo ve Juliet oyunun devamı olan Ephraim Kishon’un Tarla Kuşuydu Juliet metni ve Henrik Ibsen’in Nora: Bir Bebek Evi oyunun devamı olan Lucas Hnath’ın Nora 2 metni seçilmiştir.
Automated DNA/RNA Extractions from a stony coral (Acropora palmata) using ZymoBIOMICS DNA/RNA Magbead Kit and the Kingfisher Flex v2
Authors: D Young Benjamin
Published: September 2022

This is the protocol used to extract DNA and RNA from the same piece of coral tissue and skeleton using the Zymo DNA/RNA MagBead and ZymoBIOMICS DNA/RNA MagBead kits with automation on the KingFisher Flex. Protocol goes from coral sampling and storage to sample prep for the DNA and RNA protocols on the KINGFISHER Flex.
Preparation of 0.5L of phosphate buffer (pH=6.0) v1
Authors: Pérez Escudero Alfonso
Published: September 2022

Original source of the protocol: WormBook Methods http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_strainmaintain/strainmaintain.html This protocol is for making pH=6.0 phosphate buffer, which is used in the preparation of worm media, like NGM (Nematode Growth Medium).
Simultaneous detection of miRNA and mRNA at the single-cell level in plant tissues v1
Authors: Wu Chi-Chih
Published: September 2022

Detecting the simultaneous presence of a microRNA (miRNA) and a mRNA in a specific tissue can provide support for the prediction that the miRNA regulates the mRNA. Ｗe develop a method that uses sequence-specific miRNA-locked nucleic acid (LNA) and mRNA-LNA probes. Moreover, it augments the detection signal by rolling circle amplification, achieving a high signal-noise ratio at the single-cell level. Dot signals are counted for determining the expression levels of mRNA and miRNA molecules in specific cells. We show a high sequence specificity of our miRNA-LNA probe, revealing that it can discriminate single-base mismatches. Numerical quantification by our method is tested in transgenic rice lines with different gene expression levels.
Remote Management for Autarkic Field Devices
Authors: Wazinski Peter , Siddesh Sushil
Published: September 2022

Field devices are increasingly operated with a battery and/or direct cloud connection. These autarkically operated field devices allow live data to be obtained from locations that are difficult to access, e.g., flow measurement for a water spring in the forest. The location could also be moving/mobile, e.g., fill level on a tanker truck. The resulting requirements for the device managementalong the life cycle (commissioning, configuration, update, repair) are manifold and will be discussed in this article.
Sources of psychological and emotional discomfort of students and methodological ways to overcome it
Authors: Maksimyuk Elena V.
Published: September 2022

The paper analyzes the results of a survey of first-year students of the Siberian State Automobile and Highway University, conducted to identify the problem areas and factors provoking psycho-emotional discomfort among students at the initial stage of education. The prospect of the study is the further development and implementation of effective methods for leveling factors that are sources of psycho-emotional discomfort during the educational process, and creating a comfortable educational environment that provides cognitive and emotional-reflexive inclusion of students in the educational process. The study was carried out in several stages. The results of the first survey made it possible to assess the degree of psycho-emotional comfort of students in 26 different disciplines. At the second stage, the presence of psychological comfort among students in the classroom was analyzed, depending on the nature of the discipline. The third stage of the study was aimed at identifying sources of discomfort. The identified sources were divided into external, associated with the personality of the teacher, and internal, associated with the student himself. Then a further survey was conducted to reveal factors that cause psycho-emotional discomfort. As external factors, the respondents indicated the language personality of the teacher, the manner of presenting the material and the nature of the requirements. Internal factors are the level of respondents own knowledge, self-doubt and uncertainty about the prospects. At the last stage of the study, the respondents had to suggest ways to overcome discomfort in the classroom. An analysis of the answers showed that the majority of respondents are ready to independently solve the problems of psycho-emotional discomfort by improving knowledge, more thorough preparation for classes, raising self-confidence, as well as by timely solving emerging issues and constructive dialogue with the teacher. In the final part, based on the identified sources and factors, methodological recommendations are formulated on how to eliminate the psycho-emotional discomfort of students in the classroom.
On the use of dar și [but also] in current Romanian
Authors: Chirilă Adina
Published: September 2022

In more recent normative works of the Romanian language, the way in which the sequence dar și [but also] is discussed indicates an acceptance of it among the copulative coordinating constructions, along with those organized in correlative pairs. As in the case of nu numai ..., dar și [not only..., but also], the correct involvement in the discourse of dar și is necessarily controlled by the latent adversative semantic content of the conjunction dar [but] from its structure. In everyday use, however, the transmitter no longer takes into account the fact that dar și “focuses the syntactic limb it precedes, presenting it as less likely, therefore more significant”. In situations as such, dar și appears as a verbal excess, instead of the simple coordinating conjunction și [and]. The tendency could be justified by the speaker’s need to compensate, through the formal note and lexical agglomeration, for the simplicity (sometimes pauperity) of the content that is to be transmitted.
Observații despre uzul locuțiunii conjuncționale dar și în limba română actuală
Authors: Chirilă Adina
Published: September 2022

În lucrări normative mai recente ale limbii române, felul în care se discută despre secvența dar și indică o acceptare a acesteia între construcțiile coordonatoare copulative, alături de cele organizate în perechi corelative. Ca și în cazul lui nu numai ..., dar și, implicarea corectă în discurs a locțiunii conjuncționale dar și este cu necesitate controlată de conținutul semantic adversativ latent al conjuncției dar din structura ei. În uzul cotidian, pot fi identificate însă exprimări în care emițătorul nu mai ține seama de faptul că dar și „focalizează membrul sintactic pe care îl precedă, prezentîndu-l ca fiind mai puțin probabil, deci mai semnificativ”. În asemenea situații, dar și apare ca exces verbal, în locul conjuncției coordonatoare simple și. Tendința ar putea fi justificată de nevoia emițătorului de a compensa, prin nota formală și aglomerare lexicală, simplitatea (uneori pauperitatea) conținutului de transmis.
Particularități fonetice și lexico-morfologice ale poemelor homerice în versiuni turcești
Authors: Anefi Icbal
Published: September 2022

Paginile de mai jos reprezintă o mostră de posibile direcții de analiză a unor traduceri dintr-o limbă veche și cu totul specială – limba greacă homerică – într-o limbă modernă. Evident, orice traducere, chiar dacă ar fi vorba despre două limbi înrudite genealogic și tipologic, constituie o provocare, din punctul de vedere al abordării mentalitare și lingvistice. Cînd între cele două limbi puse în contact cultural se mai interpun și diferențele impuse de criteriul genealogic și structural-tipologic, dificultățile de redare a textului original cresc foarte mult. Cu toate acestea, versiunile nou realizate pot fi foarte reușite, pentru că, așa cum se știe, orice limbă naturală dispune de virtuți compensatorii pentru redarea particularităților din limba-bază.

Corpusul de texte selectat pentru mica noastră incursiune în diacronia traducerilor turcești din Iliada și Odiseea a fost extras din cea mai reprezentativă versiune turcească, aceea numită „Erhat-Kadir”, iar pentru reflectarea în română a textelor respective am utilizat versiunea cea mai cunoscută din respectivul spațiu cultural-lingvistic, „versiunea Murnu”.
A parallel between the first verse of the biblical genesis, the poem “The Secret Rose Garden” and the Sephirotic Tree of Kabbalah
Authors: Cojocaru Andrei Victor
Published: September 2022

This article proposes a study on the border between comparative literature and the hermeneutics of symbols. Although the traditional literature of the Middle East offers many possibilities, the context of the analysis will focus mainly on a parallel between the representation of the Sephirotic Tree of Kabbalah (also called the Tree of Life) and certain verses from the poem “The Secret Rose Garden” written by Mahmūd Shabestarī. At the same time, we will use as a link between the two contexts a symbolic interpretation of the first verse of the biblical genesis. Along with highlighting some of the peculiarities involved in deciphering the Hebrew alphabet, this approach aims at an approach that facilitates the transition from a type of intellectual Kabbalah to a reception related to intuitive Kabbalah. Consequently, the comparative literature appears more as a pretext for contextualizing the method of approach, as well as for presenting illustrative examples.
COVID-19 SALGININA YAKALANMAYAN YETİŞKİNLERİN BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK, DEPRESYON, ANKSİYETE VE STRES DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
Authors: Söner Osman , Kartol Aslı
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 salgını küçükten büyüğe her yaş grubunu birçok alanda derinden etkilemiştir. Özellikle yetişkin bireyler salgının sebep olduğu sağlık ve sosyal problemlerin yanı sıra arka planda ekonomik etkilerine de maruz kalmışlardır. Bu durum yetişkinlerin ruh sağlığı ve mental iyi oluşlarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Salgın sürecindeki psikolojik süreçlerin ele alındığı bu çalışmada yetişkinlerin bilinçli farkındalık, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu %72.4’ü (n=364) yetişkin kadın ve %27.6’sı (n= 139) yetişkin erkek oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ‘Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği’ ve ‘DASS-21 Ölçeği’ uygulanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılan bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde cinsiyete göre bilinçli farkındalık, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yetişkin bireylerin bilinçli farkındalık düzeyleri arttıkça depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca depresyon ve anksiyete bilinçli farkındalığın anlamlı yordayıcılardır
¿Influye la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil en la construcción de Estereotipos de Género? Análisis de Respuestas de Alumnado de 5º y 6º de Primaria.
Authors: Rodríguez Olay Lucía
Published: September 2022

Este artículo desarrolla el análisis de un bloque de cuestiones planteadas a 2124 alumnos y alumnas de 5º y 6º de Primaria en el que se preguntaba qué habían aprendido tras la lectura de alguno de los libros más leídos por los niños y las niñas de entre 10 y 13 años del informe Hábitos de lectura y compra de libros de 2018. Se trató, a través de dicho análisis, de comprobar dos hipótesis: que los niños y las niñas sí se ven influenciados por la LIJ y a partir de sus lecturas construyen diversos estereotipos, entre ellos, los de género y que hay diferencias con respecto a los aprendizajes que extraen de sus lecturas los niños y las niñas.Tal y como muestran los datos recogidos, sí hay diferencias en las apreciaciones que los niños y las niñas hacen de las lecturas lo que lleva a concluir también que se generan, por lo tanto, ciertos estereotipos que aquí se detallan.
Taxation of Nun-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
Authors: GEDİZ ORAL Burcu
Published: September 2022

NFT is an identical cryptographic, digital record attached to an asset such as a work of art, music, collectibles or other valuables. When it comes to the new use of technology in any field, it usually takes some time for regulators and legislatures almost all over the world to catch up with the rapid adoption of the technology and make legal regulations immediately. Similarly, a specific legal doctrine or principle of taxation has not yet been determined in the world for NFTs. At the time of writing this study, there is no direct regulation regarding NFTs. When regulating NFTs, because they can be traded globally, their legal status and the different regulatory frameworks they may be subject to in different countries must be taken into account. But more generally, we can think of how NFTs might be regulated by looking at how the law applies to cryptocurrencies, art, and collectibles. But given the distinctive features that distinguish these assets, it is certain that the cryptocurrencies framework cannot be fully applied to NFTs. In this study, potential tax issues related to NFT transactions are discussed.
The Influence of Chivalry and Aristocracy on Jean Froissart's Conception of History
Authors: YAVAŞ Halil
Published: September 2022

Jean Froissart is one of the most important names in historiography in Late Medieval Europe. In our study, after a brief analysis of his life, we will examine the stages of writing his Chronicle, which spanned a period of about forty years. We will examine this subject from various aspects, especially the motive for writing the work, the benefactors in the writing process, the physical qualities of the work and the famous illustrations in the work. One of the things that have attracted our most attention has been Froissart's work as a war correspondent and his enthusiasm to witness the events. We will investigate this subject with examples from his Chronicle. Undoubtedly, his understanding and method of historiography have been another issue that we will focus on in our study. Most importantly, the contribution of the concept of chivalry to his understanding of historiography and this is his perspective on the concept. So much so that when chivalry is mentioned in the Late Middle Ages, Froissart, who almost sanctified this concept, comes to mind. We also see this approach in some writers of that period, but Froissart has a special place here. As a matter of fact, although he was as neutral as possible in his Chronicle, he took a clear position on valor and chivalry. The general conclusion we reached in our study is that Froissart is actually a historian of honest wars beyond his definition of a historian of chivalry.
Examining the Effect of Education on Income Distribution in Turkey (2003-2018)
Authors: SARIDAŞ Gürkan , ÇELİK Kazım
Published: September 2022

Income distribution in a country cannot have absolute equality for various reasons. One of the main reasons for this can be shown as the differences between the education levels and abilities of the citizens. There are inequalities between the income distributions of the countries due to the differences in the abilities of the people. Eliminating this inequality in income distribution ensures a fair distribution of income within the country. Education is an important tool in the development of people's abilities, knowledge and skills. Therefore, one of the factors shaping income distribution is education. In the 2003-2018 data set revealed by the TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) Household Budget Survey data obtained, the Gini coefficient showing the income distribution inequality in Turkey gradually decreases, and the income distribution inequality between education levels is quite high. It has been found that the inequality between the incomes of people with the same education level is in the range of 10-15%, and in Theil Index, the inequality in the income distribution depends on the education level at a value varying between 86% and 89%. The level of education that disrupts inequality changes according to years, and it is observed that it is generally seen in high school and below. In this context, it has been suggested that the pyramid shape showing the education levels should be corrected, policies aiming to expand education should be developed, countries should increase their education levels within the scope of compulsory education, facilitate the provision of training through various institutions or organizations, and support the contribution of the knowledge and skills to be gained through education to economic growth.
Emociones para un nuevo mundo : con una reflexión sobre la educación a futuros docentes de primera infancia en la Universidad
Authors:   Universidad Libre, Pacheco Juan Carlos
Published: September 2022

El presente libro se enmarca dentro de la teoría crítica de la sociedad, con un telón de fondo que es la teoría crítica decolonial. La paradoja es grande. Como vamos a evidenciar en las siguientes páginas, el grueso de la investigación sobre emociones se da en los países del norte global, por lo que la literatura que he encontrado está concentrada en la lengua inglesa. Ello no significa que las contradicciones ideológicas y críticas no se hallen presentes en estos países. Por ejemplo, la pedagogía crítica también ha tenido fuertes pensadores dentro de los Estados Unidos, Canadá y Europa, quienes han generado fuertes ataques al modelo instrumental del capitalismo: el Sur también está en el Norte. Esta crítica, que muchas veces es general, ha influido fuertemente en América Latina, la cual tiene innumerables experiencias prácticas educativas; y si la colonialidad del sentir se encuentra en la educación, allí también se hace presente la decolonialidad. La “colonialidad del sentir”, no solo se expresa en el mundo estéticocultural, tal como por ejemplo lo han propuesto Zulma Palermo (2009) o Pedro Pablo Gómez y Walter Mignolo (2012), sino también en el traslado de los modelos educativos eurocéntricos, los cuales comienzan a incorporar la educación emocional en ellos mismos. Aquí tomamos la lección de hace un tiempo frente al asunto de la decolonialidad: no se trata de rechazar las ideas de los países del centro, sino de tomarlas críticamente para verlas desde nuestro contexto. Aunque aparentemente no existe una literatura extensa sobre emociones y decolonialidad, las experiencias dentro de nuestra América son innumerables y realmente poderosas. Es así que en el Capítulo 3 pondré cuatro ejemplos significativos: el Sentipensar de Orlando Fals Borda, la crítica al neocolonialismo proveniente del grupo de Sociología de los cuerpos y emociones de Argentina, la experiencia feminista decolonial, con particular énfasis en las mujeres mayas, y finalmente, la propuesta del corazonar de Patricio Guerrero. Tres grandes elementos de la colonialidad del sentir deseo resaltar: la tiranía que el racionalismo le impone al mundo de las vivencias, siempre privilegiendo el enfriamiento en lo humano; el asentamiento de las fábricas del miedo, la humillación y la vergüenza, frutos de una conquista violenta que generó una herida colonial; y u
Supporting Logistics Management to Anticipate Covid 19 Using the “Retail Direct Order” Concept
Authors: Purwadi Purwadi , Y. Syahruddin , Ilmi Zainal , Sampeliling Alexander
Published: September 2022

The Covid-19 that has hit the world since the end of 2019 has had a considerable impact on the Indonesian economy, especially on business people. This paper considers how businesses in Indonesia could benefit from implementing a Retail Direct Order (RDO) process to respond to social changes, particularly restrictions on movement, brought about by the pandemic. The paper first reviews the literature on supply chain management and logistics and the effects on them due to greater digitization of businesses, operational automation and globalization. It then proposes how RDO can assist businesses in Indonesia – especially department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, and non-store retailers – to adapt to the new business environment. One benefit of properly managed RDO is to reduce panic buying by supporting a more dependable supply of goods.
Copyright Protection for Creators of Digital Artwork
Authors: Deniesa Salsabilla , Putri Dela Rinanda , Amrullah Arqam , Farid AdrianaMaisarah binti Mohd , Hassan Nor Audra Diana binti Md
Published: September 2022

The development of digital technology can be a double-edged knife for the creative industry. It is undeniable that the ease of obtaining anything from internet can lead to a new problem, one of which is copyright infringement. Copyright of digital artworks should be protected since without which it will harm the rights of art workers who upload their works in the internet. The purpose of this research is to discuss and understand the copyright protection for digital artworks as well as some legal remedies that can be taken against infringement of the exclusive rights of the creators. This normative legal research employs statutory and comparative approach. The study shows that although legal protection for digital artworks has been governed under the Copyright Act 2014 (Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright), however its implementation but is still lacking and therefore improvement is necessary. In addition, the awareness of art workers about their rights should also be encouraged.
Characteristics of patients with sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss: observational study
Authors: Naimova Zilola , Mahmudova Saodat Kurbonbekova , Khushvakova Nilufar Jurakulovna
Published: September 2022

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is considered as acute onset hearing disturbance characterized by hearing loss of greater than 30 decibels.

Methods: This retrospective research included data from 83 hospitalized patients (92 ears) and was conducted in a regional multidisciplinary children's medical centre between January 2014 and December 2019. We performed examinations of the eardrum as well as cranial nerves.

Results: Among the 92 ears with SNHL, 8 ears (8.7%) in age group of 2-18 years, 33 ears (35.9%) in the group of 19-30 years, 30 (32.6%) and 21 ears (22.8%) represented the age groups of 31-65 and those aged over 65 years respectively. Hearing loss in 5 ears (5,4%) was rated as light, in 7 ears (7.6%) as moderate, in 14 ears (15.2%) as severe, and 66 ears (71.7%) out of the 92 had profound degree of hearing loss. Early treatment of SNHL was positive predictive factor for recovery (OR=2.54, 95% CI 1.09-5.91, p=0.03). The presence of tinnitus was also strongly linked with better recovery outcomes while not significantly associated (OR=2.59, 95% CI 0.91-7.37, p=0.07).

Conclusions: In the course of our research, we found that 11.9% of patients made a full recovery, while the total recovery rate was 42.3%. Positive prognostic markers for hearing recovery were early treatment and a strong trend was observed with the presence of tinnitus.
Nasosinus mucoceles: about 13 cases in Donka University Hospital, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Keita Abdoulaye , Diallo Ibrahima , Diallo Mamadou A. , Kourouma Sayon , Diallo Mamadou M. R. , Fofana Mamady , Diallo Mamadou M. , Kaman Mohamed C.
Published: September 2022

Background: Nasosinus mucoceles are expansive pseudocystic formations of the sinuses of the face formed by chronic retention of mucus in a sinus cavity due to ostial obstruction.

Methods: This was a descriptive study of retrospective data collection. It was carried out over ten years (from 01 January 2008 to 01 January 2018) at the otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery department of the Donka University Hospital.   

Results: We found an incidence of 1.3 cases per year. The average age was 39.77 years with extremes of 10 years and 60 years. The sex ratio was 0.6. Headaches (92.3%) and facial swelling (76.9%) were the main reasons for consultation. The ethmoid-frontal form was predominant (53.8%). CT scan of the sinuses was performed in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was not performed. The diagnosis of certainty was made by anatomy pathology (100%). The paralateral nasal route was the main approach (46.2%). The simple postoperative follow-ups were simple (100%). Lethality was zero.  

Conclusions: We noted a low incidence of naso-sinus mucoceles in our series. The symptomatology was fairly standard. Imagery and anatomy pathology established the diagnosis. However, endonasal surgery has become essential in the management. Simple postoperative follow-up would be related to the experience of the surgeon, the severity of the lesions and the proper conduct of post-operative care.
Adverse Effect of Azo Food Colourants: A Toxicological Aspect
Authors: Biswas Pronit , Bose Devasish , Singh Yadav Rajesh
Published: September 2022

Food colourants are important food additives which not only enhance the appearance of food, but also appetite and hold a very significant position in the food industry. These can be obtained from natural and synthetic sources, but synthetic sources are more popular, efficient and potential in its functional terms. Although food colourants don’t have any nutritional value, but their quantity and quality present in food materials imparts serious health risks. Earlier, studies reported that azo food colourants are injudiciously used in the food products and also developed suitable analytical methods for their detection in food materials. Further, evidences from various literatures suggested that food colourants which contains azo dyes are the causal factors for neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, hypersensitivity and therefore not safe for the human consumption. The present review article has been aimed to evaluate the toxicological profile of azo food colourants and associated adverse health impact. The findings of the study will add insightful facts to the literature and help the regulatory agencies to revisit and improve their toxicity testing procedures and exercise greater caution regarding continued approval of these dyes, and in the future approve only welltested and, safe dyes.
Prospective Role of Calcium Supplementation in Prevention of Fluorosis: A Study in Some North Indian Villages
Authors: Srivastava Apurva K. , Mathur Asha , Yadav Subhash , Mehrotra Saket
Published: September 2022

More than a hundred million people from almost twenty-five countries, including India, are affected by fluorosis. An assessment of fluoride in water, a prospective study of dental fluorosis and the role of calcium in preventing or ameliorating dental fluorosis through a long-term community study in endemic high fluoride area in Northern India was done. Water survey from different areas was done to identify high fluoride area in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. House to house survey of a population of almost 5000 people was done. Biochemical tests were performed in 50 dental fluorotic and 50 non-fluorotic randomized subjects. Clinical and biochemical status was recorded after six months of calcium supplementation. Our results have shown that 28.64% population had dental fluorosis (total fluorosis: 43%), the highest in 13-15 years age group. After six months of calcium supplementation, 44% of cases showed reversal of dental fluorosis, whereas in 40% of them disease did not progress further. An increase in serum calcium and a significant decrease in urinary fluoride was observed post supplementation. In this first large-scale prospective community study of its kind, it is demonstrated that long-term administration of calcium can reverse dental fluorosis especially in children with early grades of fluorosis. Calcium may protect tooth against damage from high fluoride intake and reduces dental fluorosis. With the increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis, calcium can prove a cheap and effective method for the prevention and treatment of dental fluorosis.
A Review on the Adaptogenic Activity of Potent Rasayana Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Krishna Moka Murali , Sumithra M.
Published: September 2022

Tinospora cordifolia is an herbaceous vine that belongs to the Menispermaceae family, a succulent woody shrub genus, native to the tropical Indian sub-continent, and it is known for its common names: “Guduchi”, “giloy”, “amrita”, “gurjo”, and “heart-leaved moonseed”. The recent recognition and biological role of active components in disease management in the plant have contributed to an active interest in the plant worldwide. Extracts of T. cordifolia are widely used as antispasmodic, anti-microbial, antiperiodic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic, endocrine disorders like anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic, etc. in various herbal formulations to treat different diseases. It helps reduce the resistance to insulin and stress, revitalises all the tissues of the body, and spontaneously promotes metabolism. However, this adaptogenic ability is also under-explored. Stress and ageing disorders need to be treated independently. The current review paper mainly focused on stress, depression, and the anti-stress properties (adaptogen) of T. cordifolia. Depression and stress, along with disrupted metabolic and reproductive properties, are high-risk factors in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Further studies are needed to focus on adaptogenic activity to relieve certain endocrine disorders that occur due to stress, often ovarian cysts, female menstrual irregularities, and hormonal imbalance.
Voting Combinations-Based Ensemble: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: ABRO Abdul Ahad , TALPUR Mir Sajjad Hussain , JUMANİ Awais Khan , SIDDIQUE Waqas Ahmed , YAŞAR Erkan
Published: September 2022

Machine learning (ML) is a prominent and extensively researched field in the artificial intelligence area which assists to strengthen the accomplishment of classification. In this study, the main idea is to provide the classification and analysis of ML and Ensemble Learning (EL) algorithms. To support this idea, six supervised ML algorithms, C4.5 (J48), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) and One Rule (OneR) in addition the five UCI Datasets of ML Repository, are being applied that demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of numerous approaches. In this paper, a voting-based ensemble classifier has been proposed along with two base learners (namely, Random Forest and Rotation Forest) to progress the performance. Whereas, for analytical procedures, significant parameters have been considered: Accuracy, Area under Curve (AUC), recall, precision, and F-measure values. Hence, the prime objective of this research is to obtain binary classification and efficiency by conducting the progress of ML and EL approaches. We present experimental outcomes that validate the effectiveness of our method to well-known competitive approaches. Image recognition and ML challenges, such as binary classification, can be solved using this method.
Studying Abroad Meets Marginalization: Roma of Greece, Autoethnography, and Academic Tourism
Authors: Lagos Taso G , Singh Yash , Pace Andrew , Stone Erik , Wu Hongjun , Yan Hongyi , Forbes-Luong Shayla
Published: September 2022

While Greece has historically hosted many minority groups in various relational statuses with the majority population, the Roma uniquely embody practical, psychological and metaphorical spaces that sets them apart from other excluded groups. This study explores the historico-social space that separates the Roma and contextualizes recent developments, including Covid-19, which further marginalizes the group. The transactional space that defines relations between Roma and non-Roma encompasses a ‘gaze’ that disenfranchises Gypsy cultural standing and reduces mutual understanding between mainstream and marginalized communities. This same transactional space is rife with misunderstanding that profits normative day-to-day relations between Roma and those in mainstream society. The paper explores perceptions of the Roma within the Greek social hierarchy, while suggesting study abroad programming, as part of academic tourism, can play a positive role in altering perceptions of minority groups.
The Study of Vocal Fatigue Symptoms in Speech Therapy Students by Focusing on In-Turned and Ex-Turned Students
Authors: Zamani Peyman , Akhani Mohammad , Negravi Yasaman , Hatami-Monjezi Donya , Abdi-Dezfuli Ayda , Rezaei Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The voice is a professional tool for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Due to the daily professional use of voice, SLPs, especially novices in this profession are exposed to voice injuries and disorders. Identifying high-risk vocal behaviors in this group can prevent the spread of more serious laryngeal injuries. This study aimed to investigate voice fatigue symptoms in speech therapy students.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 129 speech therapy students were divided into two main groups of in-turns and ex-turns. In three sections of the semester (beginning, middle, and end), the vocal fatigue index (VFI) questionnaire and two auditory-perceptual voice scales were completed for both groups. The within-between comparisons were made  by considering other side factors, such as gender and students’ professional knowledge status in SPSS software v. 19.0.
Results: In the in-turns group, the mean score of VFI at the middle (P=0.025) and the end (P=0.010) of the semester were significantly higher than at the beginning of the semester. Also, the mean score VFI of the in-turns at the middle and end of the semester were higher than of the ex-turned speech therapy students (P=0.011). The effects of students’ gender and their knowledge status on the findings were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that new vocal-speech behaviors related to clinical activities in the clinic environment of speech therapy can increase laryngeal tensions and vocal fatigue in in-turned speech therapy students.
A Review of Laboratory Methods for Measuring Oxidative Stress
Authors: Asadian Fatemerh , Takhshid Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Antioxidant defense system, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protects cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing oxidant compounds. Increasing the production of oxidant species and decrease activity of antioxidant system causes oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of human diseases and strengthening of human antioxidant defense system in preventing and ameliorating of diseases have been shown in numerous studies. Therefore, identifying reliable oxidative stress markers for evaluating the beneficial effects of antioxidants in human diseases has been the focus of many studies over the past decades. Measuring free radicals and active species by flow cytometry, determining the total antioxidant capacity of body fluids, measuring the oxidation products of macromolecules, determining the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and changing the expression of genes related to the antioxidant system are among these methods. This review discussed the major advantages and limitations of these methods.
Conclusion: Due to limitations and potential confounding factors of the current markers of oxidative stress, an appropriate experimental protocol should be used for each study and caution should be taken in the interpretation of results. Furthermore, more than one method should be used to overcome the limitations of each marker.
Association of CXCL12 and CXCR4 Genes Polymorphism with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Gharibi Saba , Aghaei Shiva , Shahvazian Ensieh , Mahmoodi Mohammad Bagher , Sahami-Fard Mohammad Hossein , Kolahdouz Parisa , Farashahi Yazd Ehsan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Patients with diabetes are prone to develop complications related to the retina. So far, several genes have been reported in connection with the progression of retinopathy, and a group of these genes is genes involved in angiogenesis. CXCL12 and CXCR4 genes are among the most important genes in this path, which have been less studied and investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between polymorphism of CXCL12 (rs1801157) and CXCR4 (rs2228014) genes and the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the population of Yazd City.
Methods: In the present case-control study, rs2228014 and rs1801157 polymorphisms were investigated among 103 patients with diabetes in two groups, case and control. In this study, the control group included 49 diabetic patients who did not show retinopathy complications, and the case group consisted of 54 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy complications. The Genotyping of rs2228014 polymorphism was examined by ARMS-PCR method and rs1801157 variant by RFLP-PCR technique. The statistical analysis of data was conducted using SPSS software version 16 and chi-square test.
Results: Our results represented no association among the rs1801157 and rs2228014 polymorphisms and the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study did not confirm association of the rs1801157 and rs2228014 polymorphisms with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and further studies are required to investigate the correlation of polymorphisms of interest with PDR.
Evaluation the Level of Awareness of Patients Referring to Imaging Centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Hospitals about the Ionizing Radiation Risks
Authors: Olumi Shabnam , Fathabadi Amir Hossein , Azimian Hosein , Mostafapour Samaneh , Khademi Sara
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The undeniable role of medical imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases shows the importance of protection against ionizing radiation used in these methods. Therefore, the aim of the present study is investigating the necessity of increasing patients' awareness of ionizing radiation in minimizing the dose received.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study with 159 research-made questionnaires, including demographic information and questions about the level of awareness of patients regarding the dangers of ionizing radiation and protection against these radiations, were completed by the patients referring to the radiology departments of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Data analysis was done using t-test and one-way analysis of variance under SPSS 16 software.
Results: The mean knowledge score of the patients was 35.36% ± 26.07%. Moreover, 91/1% of them stated in their answers that they would like physicians to explain the benefits and risks of these radiations, while only 35.2% of patients were informed by their physicians.
Conclusion: According to the results of the completed questionnaires, a low percentage of the patients answered the specialized questions correctly, and according to the individuals' statements, 91/2% stated that they would like to receive information in this regard. Therefore, the need to provide appropriate training to the patients in this field, through the preparation of training brochures, and attracting staff cooperation, to inform patients referring to radiology departments about the risks should be a priority.
Case Reports in Traditional and Integrative Medicine
Authors: Salehi Zahra , Farjam Mojtaba , Hashempur Mohammad Hashem
Published: September 2022

The Article Abstract is not available.