bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas de la producción y exportación de automóviles ligeros de México (1999-2018)
Authors: Godínez Montoya Lucila , Figueroa Hernández Esther , Pérez Soto Francisco
Published: August 2020

Este artículo analizó el alto grado de integración de la industria automotriz de México con la economía estadounidense, ya que alrededor del 73,0 % del total de las exportaciones de vehículos manufacturados se dirigen a este país. El objetivo consistió en analizar la influencia de algunas variables macroeconómicas sobre la producción de automóviles ligeros en México y su exportación a los Estados Unidos, para lo cual se formuló un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas. Se concluyó que tanto la producción de automóviles como las exportaciones resultaron ser altamente significativas, lo que muestra la alta interrelación entre estas variables.
Efectos de propagación de los mercados financieros estadounidenses en los colombianos
Authors: Sandoval Paucar Giovanny
Published: August 2020

Este artículo cuantifica y analiza los efectos de los choques originados en los mercados estadounidenses sobre los principales mercados financieros colombianos durante el periodo de 2003 a 2015. La metodología utilizada es un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) estructural que emplea la heterocedasticidad que existe en los datos para la identificación y la estimación de los coeficientes de transmisión financiera. Se encuentra que los mercados estadounidenses generan efectos overall spillovers significativos sobre el mercado accionario colombiano. A su vez, los resultados reflejan la posición dominante del mercado de bonos estadounidenses como el motor de los efectos de desbordamiento.
New records of Apostolepis kikoi Santos et al., 2018 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) in the state of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil
Authors: Correa Fermiano Eder , Silva-Alves Vancleber Divino , Diogo da Silva Odair , de Fátima Rocha Seba Mariany , Araújo Goebel Larissa Gabriela , dos Santos-Filho Manoel , Silva Dionei José da
Published: August 2020

The fossorial snake Apostolepis kikoi Santos et al., 2018 is known only from its type locality, in Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Here, we present the first records of this species after its description, expanding its distribution to transition areas between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, in the southwestern portion of Mato Grosso. The new record expands the known distribution of A. kikoi by 297 km west from the type locality. In addition, we provide data on morphological variation by comparing our sample with the type series.
Detection of gas in landfills using geophysical methods
Authors: Svensson M. , Dahlin T. , Rosqvist H.
Published: August 2020

At NSR, Filboma landfill in Helsingborg, Sweden, a pilot test for detection of gas using the geophysical method resistivity profiling has shown promising results. Some of the results most likely showing trapped gas is shown. Due to the promising results two new separate tests are planned for 2008. The first test will focus on comparing gas leakage on the ground surface using laser technique and simultaneous resistivity monitoring. The second test is aiming to optimize the localisation of gas resources and monitoring the expected decrease of gas after the installation of gas wells. The set up for those tests will be presented and discussed
Biocover - reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills by use of engineered bio-covers
Authors: Fredenslund A.M. , Kjeldsen P. , Scheutz C. , Lemming G.
Published: August 2020

Emission of methane from landfills due to anaerobic decomposition of organic material is oneof the most important environmental concerns with regards to solid waste management. Thisis due to the amount of methane released from landfills globally and the relatively high globalwarming potential of methane. An approach to reduce emissions is to improve conditions forbiological oxidation of methane in the top cover using engineered biocovers.A demonstration project was initiated at the Technical University of Denmark under the EULife Environment program, where this technology is applied in full scale at section I on Fakselandfill in Denmark. Construction of the full scale biocover at the test site was completed attime of writing.The main project objective was to document the construction and efficiency of the system.The project actions consist of a logical order of tasks performed in able to meet the objectivesof the project. At first the landfill was characterized. Expected landfill gas production wasestimated based upon the collected data using models. Then, a baseline study was performed,consisting of an evaluation of the spatial variability in methane emission at the site. The totalmethane emission from the landfill was measured by use of a tracer technique.Mixtures of locally available soils and organic waste residuals were tested by laboratory batchand column experiments. A cover improvement plan included details on material additions toselected areas of the landfill, maintenance plans of the total landfill cover. A plan formonitoring performance was setup. The emissions after the cover improvement will becompared to the emissions obtained during the baseline study. Scenarios for other landfillswill be calculated based on the experiences obtained from the studied landfill.
Nutrient recovery from anaerobically digested organic wastes
Authors: Botheju Deshai , Svalheim Oystein , Rydtun Bjorn , Johansen Jo-Ela , Bakke Rune
Published: August 2020

Effluents (digestates) resulting from anaerobic digestion of wet organic wastes can berecycled as fertilizers. Separation of such digestates into a wet and a dry fraction is common.The solid fraction is often sold as a soil enhancement product while the liquid fraction isusually discarded as wastewater. A large portion of the digestate nutrients is dissolved as ionsin the liquid. The aim of this study is to establish an efficient way to convert this into a liquid"organic fertilizer". Enhancement of the nutrient concentration is necessary in order to makethe final product commercially acceptable. Direct evaporative concentration is not suitable asit would lead to a significant loss of ammonia due to the fact that most of the availablenitrogen in these digestates is present in the ammonium/ammonia form. Thus stabilizing theproduct by partial nitrification prior to evaporation is proposed based on a series ofexperiments conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of this approach.The ammonium-N concentration of the digestate used was 1.7 g/L. The nitrification does notappear to be inhibited by ammonia, nitrate or nitrite accumulation, except when pH > 7.5, asituation that can be avoided by regulating the feeding rate based on pH measurements.Significant nitrite accumulation was not observed either. Nitrification is however consistentlylimited by alkalinity so that only about 75% of the ammonia can be converted to nitratewithout alkalinity supplementation. The nitrification brings the pH down below 5.0 where theremaining ammonia is present as> 99% NH/. At this condition the nitrified digestate can beevaporated without a significant nitrogen loss and the product is recognized to be a highquality liquid fertilizer. It is suggested that the production of concentrated partially nitrifiedorganic fertilizers can become a sustainable way of nutrient recovery from anaerobicdigestates originating from municipal organic wastes.
Landfills as long-term sinks for organic carbon - an important parameter for reduction of global atmospheric CO2 concentrations
Authors: Bramryd Torleif , Johansson Michael
Published: August 2020

Increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere contribute to global warming and thusdisturbed meteorological balances, It is of great importance to establish carbon accumulatingprocesses in the urban society, as the natural CO2 balancing processes are insufficient tocompensate for the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide,Controlled landfills, and different types of landfill bioreactor cells for residual wastes, play arole as long-term storage for organic carbon, and therefore, if a reliable biogas collectionsystem is provided, counteract increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Landfills thus canbe regarded as the anthropogenic counterpart to natural peatlands and lake sediments,In a landfill reactor-cell, treating approximately I 00 000 tons of waste per year, and wherethe fermentation residues are left in the landfill, a long-lived organic fraction correspondingto about 45 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide is long-term accumulated each year. Thiscompensates for the annual carbon dioxide emissions from about 15 000 cars, provided thateach one runs 15 000 km per year with fossil fuel.During landfilling most of the organic carbon in fossil derived products, like plastics,synthetic rubber or textiles, a,s.o, will be brought back to long-term accumulation, As theseproducts only to a very small extent take part in the methane gas production, the landfill gas(biogas) can be regarded as a true bio fuel. With a modem bioreactor technique almost allproduced biogas can be collected in the extraction system, and emissions of methane to theatmosphere are minimized. Modem research has also shown that methane emissions fromlandfills are at much lower rates than earlier expected, mainly due to efficient gas collectionsystems but also to methane oxidizing bacteria in the surface cover layer of the landfill. As aconclusion, treatment of residual wastes in highly optimised landfill cells creates animportant sink for organic carbon and a preferred "in-situ" stabilization technique before finallandfi 11 ing,
Integration of the packaging waste utilization systems of Finland and Russian neighboring areas
Authors: Honkanen Hannariina , Horttanainen Mika , Soukka Risto
Published: August 2020

This study examines the situation of energy recovery of packaging waste in Finland,packaging waste utilization in the Russian neighboring areas and the state of operational andbusiness environment of packaging waste recovery development schemes. Wastemanagement and recovery of waste materials carry current and focal problems in Finland andin Russia. Both tightening national environmental legislation under the influence of EUregulations and the need to reclaim wastes have caused the state of change in the wastemanagement field in Finland. In Russia, the situation of reclaiming waste materials is poorerand the recovery rates of waste fractions are low.Finnish energy production facilities seem to have obvious needs for replacing fossil fuels withrenewable energy sources and waste derived fuels given that the quality requirements exist.The situation with exceeding the demand and companies competing for waste derived fuels isalready foreseeable. In the sparsely populated country, the collecting of waste for recovery isalso a matter of feasibility. On the other hand, economic growth, the growing purchasingpower and the supply of consumer goods in Russia, especially in the city of St. Petersburg andLeningrad region close to the Finnish border, have a measurable effect on the volume andcomposition of generated packaging waste, now mainly disposed in landfills.The cooperative Finnish-Russian cross-border recovery of packaging waste is a potentialoption for Finnish and Russian companies to develop their businesses and promote wasterecovery. The biggest challenges in implementing new operations relate to legislativedifferences, foreign license practices and different waste management systems. In this paper,we present a theoretical model of an energy recovery scheme from the perspective of Finnishenergy production facility.
Reusing of sodium silicate as a raw material in glass industry: byproduct of sodium borohydride production
Authors: Kanturk Aysel , Sari Muge , Dere Özgul , Piskin Sabriye
Published: August 2020

Global energy and ecology problems continue to grow because of burning of fossil fuels,environmental pollution, decrease of energy sources and difficulties in storing electricity.Hydrogen has great potential to solve these problems as an environmentally clean energycarrier and as a way to reduce reliance on imported energy sources. Hydrogen can be storedand transported safely in the form of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) due to its high theoreticalhydrogen yield by weight (10.6%) in applications where H2 gas is used, e.g., proton exchangemembrane (PEM) fuel cells. NaBH4 is synthesized from boron minerals (borax, ulexite,colemanite ... ) by the thermal-chemical reactions.The main aim of this paper is the investigation of reusing of Na2SiO3, obtained from Na8H4production based on the conversion reaction of borosilicate glass, as a raw material in glassindustry. The by-product, was defined as Na2SiO3 (PDF number: 00-016 -0818) by XRD (XRay Diffractometer) technique, was then vitrificated into a glass for utilization. The obtainedglass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS) analysis and FT-IR (Fourier Transformer-Infrared spectroscopy) techniques. Theresults show that by-product Na2SiO3 can be reused as a raw material in glass industry.
Studying the properties of constructed wetland sediments for their possible application as fertilizers
Authors: Vergeles Yuriy , Butenko Nataliya , Ishchenko Andriy , Svirenko Lidiya , Stolberg Felix , Hogland William
Published: August 2020

The processes of sediment formation and their biogeochemical properties were studied in2005-2007 at the experimental constructed wetland site ("Bioplato") designed for treatment ofdomestic effluents in Ukraine, nearby the city of Kharkiv. The constructed wetland consists ofthree units: one with vertical filtration applying fine gravel (0.5 m in depth) and coarse sand(0.3 111) as filtering media, one with horizontal filtration applying middle sand (0,8 m) as afiltering medium, and one surface flow unit with natural wetland soil applied, The site alsoincludes a septic tank and a small sludge-drying field. The constructed wetland with acapacity of 50 1113 of treated domestic wastewater per day was established in 1998 and sincethen it has been operated continuously until now. Macrophytes were planted in I 998-200 I,and recently the reed (Phragmites australis), cattail (Typha latifolia), and a number of sedgespecies (Carex Jpp.) dominate over the rest of ca. 30 plant species with average cover of 85-90%. Treatment efficiency of 90-95% of BOD5 and suspended solids removal, as well as 98-99% of removal of pathogenic microorganisms allows discharging the treated wastewater intoadjacent artificial lake, Sludge was sampled at each unit followed with standard laboratoryanalyses of its main characteristics: total organic carbon (TOC), total nutrients (N, P),contents of trace elements, abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, and general toxicity.The results of analyses confirmed that the top layer of sludge from each unit of the assessedconstructed wetland site could be used as a source of fertilizers for grain and leguminouscrops.
Economic aspects of phytoremediation
Authors: Thewys T.
Published: August 2020

The replacement of a traditional crop in favor of a phytoremediating culture is not a neutraloperation, The social acceptability of introducing a phytoremediating crop depends on thecondition that the net present value of the gross labor income (the total revenue diminished bythe non-labor variable costs) earned on the area to be cleaned up and calculated over asufficient long period, is at least not decreased. The case study considered applies to a largearea cross bordering the eastern part of Flanders and the Netherlands characterized withdiffuse heavy metal pollution. The reclamation activity aims at removing 2,5 kg to 5,4 kgcadmium/ha, As a social acceptable, but weak phytoremediation scenario, the yearlycultivation scheme for a 'modal' farn1er starts with 14 ha of rape (in 4 year rotation); 4 ha ofwillow (with harvest every 4th year) and 18 ha of roughage. The resulting median net presentvalue (NPV) over a period of 40 years of the gross labor income is nearly the same as theNPV of continuing the current land occupation (the benchmark), that is 36 ha only forroughage. However, taking into account the uncertainty of the assumed values for importantparameters, the probability of obtaining a lower value for the NPV than currently is, is 62%.We also note that after 40 years only 22 % of the surface is satisfying the remediation target.Increasing the ratio of willow versus rape to 14 ha/4 ha results in the sanitation of the total 36ha after 32 years (willow has a higher uptake performance than rape). On top of this, themedian value for the NPV is now 5 % larger than the benchmark due to the expected largerlabor income on the 'cleaned' hectares. In this scenario the probability of obtaining a lowervalue for the NPY than currently is only 15%.
Estimation of leachate production from a pilot scale lysimeter in Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Dinesh Raj , Khanal Sanjay Nath
Published: August 2020

More than eight million tons of solid waste is produced per day in developing countries.While Europe and industrialized countries go for high-tech solutions (e.g. modernincineration technologies), there is still a huge demand for proper landfilling in developingcountries. This paper presents the outcome of the research on the water management oflandfill in Nepal using a pilot scale lysimeter. The related leachate production as an effect ofclimatological factors is assessed. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance(HELP) model has been used to compute estimates of water balances. The local weather data(evapotranspiration data and daily values of rainfall, temperature and solar radiation),vegetative growth were prepared as required and variable soil and waste data (porosity, fieldcapacity, wilting point, initial moisture content and saturated hydraulic conductivity of layersand materials) have been determined.With the simulation carried out, it indicates that the evapotranspiration (ET) is nearlyconstant, but not high. This may be due to the small area of lysimeter and higher portion hasbeen percolated before evaporation could take place. The trend of leachate generation onHELP simulation seems to be similar in October to December season, but in June toSeptember, the trend shows higher percolation rate compared to the model. The annual datashows that percolation is about 81-84% of rainfall amount whereas evapotranspiration isabout 15-19%. The daily production rate of percolation is about 3.47 L/m2/day. Withinhighest rainfall days during 2000 to 2004 (88 L/m2/day), average percolation is about 5.78L/m2/day (6.5% of the rainfall).The application of the model in the developing country like Nepal has raised issue like effecton water balance by the large variation of short-tenn rainfall, which might have greater inputinto percolation.
Community onsite anaerobic sewage treatment in a uasb-septic tank system: system behaviour during winter period in Palestine
Authors: Al-Jamal Wafa , Mahmoud Nidal
Published: August 2020

The effect of the Mediterranean climate low temperature period on the performance UASBseptic tank treating concentrated domestic sewage (COD ~ I 00mg/L) in Palestine was 3 studied. Two community onsite UASB-Septic tank reactors (capacity: 0.8 111 , height: 2.5 m)were operated in parallel over a year and monitored over the colder half of the year. Thereactors were operated under two different HRT (2 days for RI and 4 days for R2) at averagesewage temperature of 17 .3 °C with 12 and 25 °C extreme values. The COD,, in the rawsewage represented a high fraction of the total COD, viz. about 43.7% from the COD,01. RIachieved mean removal efficiencies for COD,m, CODsus, CODcol, CODdis, of 51 %, 83%, 20%and 24% respectively and BOD5 and TSS average removal efficiencies of 45% and 74%respectively. R2 achieved mean removal efficiencies for COD,0., COD,u,, CODcol, CODdis, of54%, 87 %, I 0% and 28%, respectively with BOD5 and TSS average removal efficiency of49% and 78% respectively. The sludge production from both reactors was very low withVS/TS ratios of 67.9 and 67.02 of the sludges in RI and R2, respectively. Based on theremoval efficiencies and sludge production it can be concluded that the here researchedUASB-Septic tank system is a potential compact and effective community onsite pretreatment unit for domestic wastewater in Palestine. The reactor can be designed at either 2 or4 days HRT, but slight preference might be given to 4 days HRT when sludge production is ofconcern.
Quality indexes of ground water at Zmiev district of Kharkiv region
Authors: Sierikova O. , Yakovlev V.
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the ground water quality at Zmiev district of Kharkiv Region. The result shows that 97% of cases the water in wells doesn't meet the requirements of the quality standards for sanitary and chemical indices. The most actual indices of non-correspondence of quality are: hardness, solid residual, iron, manganese, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, and oxidation characteristic. The necessity of use of more strict approach to decentralized water sources while evaluation of the drinking qualities is grounded.
Issues in VOC monitoring and reporting
Authors: Srivastava Anjali
Published: August 2020

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) present a particularly unique testing dilemma sincethere are a large number of different compounds defined as VOCs, The process of accuratelyand consistently measuring the quantity of total VOCs emitted is a matter of concern to policymakers and researchers,Each method has advantages and disadvantages relative to the other methods, The choice ofmeasurement and reporting techniques depends on the purpose that the data will serve, Due todiffering analytical limitations for each of the VOC test methods, all sources may not be ableto use the same method/ procedures to monitor and report,Because of the wide variety of compounds of interest coupled with the lack of standardizedsampling and analysis procedures, detennination of pollutants in ambient air is a complextask, Many toxic organics can be sampled and analyzed by several techniques, with differentinterferences and detection limitations, No uniforn1 averaging period is defined for ambientvoe measurement,
Efficiency estimation of a wastewater treatment plant in an industry in Kaliningrad
Authors: Shevtsova Maria , Umansky Sergey
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this study is the industrial establishment "System". This study also aimsto estimate the influence of machine - building plants in the environment. Recommendationsand conclusions were given for the improvements of ecological situation. There are variousproblems concerning the protection of the environment. Pollution is the main problem. Plant"System" influences negative effect upon air, water and its quality. Waste products ofdifferent classes of danger, which are formed on the industrial establishment "System",pollute soils of districts. It is necessary to devise different methods for improving theecological situation. There are various measures to be done to prevent the environmentalpollution
Conjoint analysis: a new method of eliciting environmental preferences and stakeholder group segmentation
Authors: Alriksson Stina
Published: August 2020

Deciding on an environmental strategy is an important and also difficult task for amanufacturing organisation in Sweden today. Therefore, there is a need for a method toenable organisations to sort and prioritize the environmental objectives and concerns, TheSwedish Steel Producers' Association,"Jernkontoret", has initiated a research programmecalled "Towards a closed steel eco-cycle". The aim is to make the steel eco-cycle sustainablethrough increased scrap recycling and efficiency. In order to assess what environmentalpreferences the different stakeholder groups have, an interdisciplinary research project, usingconjoint analysis, has been perforn1ed where preferences for some of the most importantenvironmental concerns within the steel industry were investigated, Environmentalpreferences within six stakeholder groups - members of public, representatives from the steelindustry, customers to the steel industry, interest groups, decision makers and environmentalexperts - were evaluated through a conjoint analysis combined with a cluster analysis. Thesurvey was distributed through a questionnaire and the respondents were asked to rank 8alternatives in a fractional factorial design,The results indicated that emission of carbon dioxide was prioritized over use of nonrenewable energy, use of non-renewable resources and weight reduction of products. Acluster analysis was made on the respondents and eight segments were found, however, thissegmentation was markedly different than expected in that the original six groups were notrecovered.The results were communicated back to the participants directly after they responded to thequestionnaire and the result was discussed in the group. The reactions from the discussionwere documented in order to be made useful in the product development process as well as inthe decision process within the steel industry.
Cooperation between industry and university, different worlds but common interest
Authors: Erlandsson Åke
Published: August 2020

In the industry we shall support our customers with good products in a way to earn money,We shall also be a fair member of the society which includes legality and a goodenvironmental profile, The main interest of the University is examination of students, producepapers in the most respectable sites and find external money, The industry has problems thatneed qualified solutions as soon as possible. Why is then the cooperation about environmentalissues between the industry and university are of great interest and importance? In theindustry we have the activities that are a part of many environmental problems but not the fullcompetence over all aspects connected to them, In my over twenty years of experience indifferent Swedish companies located in south east Sweden I have had many contacts with theUniversity of Kalmar, regarding different environmental questions. First of all, there is a greatcompetence and a great interest to be a part in developing of the cooperation with theindustry, Parts that could be better include the following:• Easier use and cooperation with other parts of the University have competence orresources• Short term cooperation for the industry in longer projects• General contacts between the academic world and the local industry which both areparts in a fast growing global environmental impact• In the industry we most learn that work by students or researchers are not free ofcharge• Lack of efficient administrative routines and project management at the university• In the industry we most learn that work by students or researchers are not free ofcharge• Lack of efficient administrative routines and project management at the university,What we can do locally is to build network both formal and informal,Industry cooperation, project management, network
Project "exchange of secondary raw materials and technology between northwest Russia and southeast Finland": perspectives and opportunities
Authors: Lyubarskaya Maria , Chekalin Vadim
Published: August 2020

Waste management and utilization of waste materials are current and remarkable problems inNordic Countries and, especially, in Russia, In the city of St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblastwaste causes a difficult environmental and health problem because plenty of waste is left tothe environment without relevant handling, As a result, it is obvious that a negativeenvironmental impact will occur to the whole region of Gulf of Finland. It is possible todevelop joint solutions for the waste problems in cooperation between Russian and Finnishparties especially for the regions in the adjacent areas of the border. Increasing of volumesimproves the profitability of waste utilization and makes it easier to execute the necessaryinvestments. This favours the exchange and trade of materials derived and/or refined fromwaste and necessary technologies, between Russian and Finnish actors.T ASIC project "Exchange of secondary raw materials and technology between NorthwestRussia and Southeast Finland" is financing by the European Community, represented by theCommission of the European Communities.
The role of trans-national networks in technology transfer and innovation
Authors: Sani Daniela , Shahin Kussai
Published: August 2020

Technology transfer and innovation is one of the main challenge of the European Communityto "drive innovation and competitiveness by connecting knowledge, technologies andpeople". In this field, the paper aims to present the results of technology transfer actions attrans-national level obtained by NETTI - Network in the Energy Field: Technology Transfer(TT) and Innovation, thanks also to effective cross cooperation with other TT networkshighlighting the importance of synergies and combining resources and initiatives. The lessonlearned shows the opportunities and the results that could be obtained by an efficientcollaboration between interregional and trans-national actions.
Subsurface irrigation of arborial areas as a mechanism for carbon sequestration through treated sanitary wastewater as a radicular nutrient source
Authors: Galavoti Ricardo Camilo , Ohnuma Jr. Alfredo Akira , De Andrade Juliana Pontes M. , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario
Published: August 2020

Based on a research developed in the USA [I] for the subsurface irrigation ofredwood forests(Sequoiadendrum Gigantea), this paper analyzes treated sanitary wastewater reuse as analternative for carbon sequestration and oxygen generation through root assimilation ofnutrients inside them, at rates that consider the transpiration, evapotranspiration andsubsurface infiltration processes in arboreal areas of urban lots. Through buried ecochambers,the tree roots make contact with treated sanitary wastewater (stored in tanks in case its flowexceeds the evapotranspiration capacity of the arboreal area), and pumped according to itsseasonal transpiration rate. This arboreal area will act as a nutrient pump to evapotranspiratepurified water and oxygen while sequestrating carbon dioxide from its roots, withoutcollecting, pumping, treatment and disposal of sanitary wastewater by the public systems,acting as a "Smart Drainage System" which comprises a local sanitary wastewater treatment,as well as the selective rainwater reservation at the urban lot, for multi-useful profits, such as:garden irrigation, sanitary installations, floor and pavement washing, among others.
Water sensitive urban design and stormwater harvesting - on the path to sustainable urban development - case studies from Sydney, Australia
Authors: Jonasson Olof J. , Davies Peter
Published: August 2020

In Australia, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) or Sustainable Urban Drainage (SUDS)is being used to integrate urban drainage and water supply infrastructure planning and designwith elements of hydrology, ecology, land use planning and landscaping, To support thisdirection, various National and State guidelines and legislation have been developed that areaimed at changing traditional engineering and urban design practice,Recent droughts affecting most of Eastern Australia, including three capital cities, has led to afocus on urban water management. This has increased the attention and recognition ofintegrated water management including water conservation, demand management,diversification of supply, protecting environmental flows and improving water quality at thereceiving bodies. Within Australia, stormwater reuse is being promoted as one way to lessenthe demand on drinking water supplies for non-potable uses. Important for urban areas is theneed for appropriate levels of treatment (depending on use) and sufficient storage to provide areliable supply. From an integrated water management perspective such projects can havemultiple benefits through managing the discharge and improving the quality from lowfrequent storms at the local scale while providing broader water conservation gains across theurban area.This paper discusses two case studies from Australia that have applied integrated watermanagement principles within an existing urban catchment. These include a stormwaterharvesting project to irrigate a sports field and a car park bioretention system to treat roadrunoff before it discharges to a natural stream.
Decision trees to select best response strategies after oil spill in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Lanzillotta Handerson A. A. , Marques Marcia
Published: August 2020

The response to spills in aquatic system include decisions that must be taken almostimmediately after the accident has been noticed, Choosing the wrong strategy can result inlarger and sometimes irreversible environmental impacts, which in turn may result in severesocio-economic consequences, such as suspension of fishing practices in the affected areas,impacts on tourism and recreation, etc, Every hour that passes after the accident count, sincethe oil spreads and the weathering processes to begin, This process changing physicalchemical properties and limits the effectiveness of containment, chemical dispersant and insitu burning. If the response is slow to start, dependent on the oil properties, it may sink orreach coastal zones making the impacts even greater, including the generation of largeramounts of oily residues to be dealt with, This paper presents strategic responses that can beundertaken under the format of decision trees, having as the starting point the type of the oilthat has been spilled, Since the most appropriate options are dependent on various variables,including oceanographic and meteorological conditions, the decision trees are seen as one ofmany useful tools that can support decision processes after an incident takes place,
New technologies for new environmentally oriented european economics: cadmium-free thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2/(In2S3) heterophotoelements
Authors: Rud Yuri , Gremenok Valeriy , Rud Vasiliy
Published: August 2020

At present, the time has come to start the active search for commercial ecologically safetechnologies for growing large-area CulnGaSe films and obtaining the thin filmheterophotoelements on the basis of these films [1-4], It is very benefitial task for newenvironmentally oriented European economics, We have long tenn experience with problemhow to develop ecology safe heterophotoelements as high-efficiency photoconverters of solarradiation, First of all we have experiment with CulnSe2/green leafs heterojunctions [5-1 OJ,then we studied thin-film n-ZnO:Al/p-Cu(ln,Ga)Se2 heterojunctions which was fabricated bymagnetron sputtering of an ZnO target, leading to a deposition of Cu(ln,Ga)Se2 films on thesurface [ 11 ], This study is a continuation of the important line of research in modernphotoenergy engineering and is concerned with development of the technology of cadmiumfree Cu(ln, Ga)Sei/ln2S3 thin film heterophotoelements,The method of heat treatment of metallic Cu-In-Ga layers in the N2 inert atmosphere in thepresence of selenium and sulfur vapors was used to grow homogeneous films of Cu(ln,Ga)(S,Se)2 alloys onto which the CdS or ln2S3 films were deposited and, on the basis of thesestructures, the thin-film glass/Mo/p-Cu(ln, Ga) (S, Se)i/n-(ln2S3,CdS)/n-ZnO/Ni-AIphotoelements were fabricated, The mechanisms of charge transport and the processes ofphotosensitivity in the obtained structures subjected to irradiation with natural and linearlypolarized light are discussed, The broadband photosensitivity of thin-filmheterophotoelements and the induced photopleochroism were detected; these findings indicatethat there is an interference-related blooming of the structures obtained,It is concluded that it is possible to use ecologically safe cadmium-free thin-filmheterostructures as high-efficiency photoconverters of solar radiation,
Dancing the Virtual Medical Tango in the Time of Covid-19
Authors: Cheung Yiu Fai
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The response of medical schools to the Covid-19 pandemic is unprecedented. To protect students and patients, medical schools have suspended clinical attachments and bedside clinical teachings. The author reflects on how to engage medical students in virtual real time clinical encounters with the use of SMART technologies. As clinical teaching and learning of medical students will never be the same again, dancing this virtual medical tango in the time of Covid-19 and beyond may be a new norm.
Environmental risk management: practical application issues
Authors: Orlova Liubov
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to identify how we can use some methods of environmental risk management at the macro, meso and micro levels. It is necessary for minimizing and reducing the consequences of environmental disasters; identify opportunities and practical tools for neutralizing environmental risks and threats.
The general scientific and special methods, such ascontent analysis method, system analysis method, retrospective analysis method, statistical survey methods, benchmarking were chosen and used as the scientific tools for this study. The research was informed by analytical developments of the Federation of European Risk Management Associations (FERMA), The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), the Federal State Statistics Service. The works of researchers in sustainable development, green economy and risk management filds were used as the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. The definitions of environmental management and sustainable development were the basis of the study.
The development of an integrated approach to environmental risk management at all levels of the economy is the result of research. The integration of risk management helps to increase adaptability to the risks resulting from change.
Some practices of implementing a risk-oriented approach in solving environmental problems at the state, regional and urban, enterprise and individual levels are un the article. Strategic development programmes, national projects and programmes are the practices at the state level; technological and digital innovation are the practices at the regional and urban levels; environmental compliance and environmental due diligence are the practices at the enterprise level; environmental thinking and culture is to form at the individual level.
As an issue to be debated, the author considers the application of the acceptable risk principle (the assessment of environmental risks as «cost-benefit-risk»), and identifies the need to apply the zero environmental risk principle everywhere.
The introduction of augmented reality technologies in the enterprise information system
Authors: Nedyak Anton , Rudzeyt Oleg , Zainetdinov Artem
Published: August 2020

Today, there is a great interest in the topic of AR and VR and their popularity is only growing. These technologies are of great importance in our time because of the mass transition to the use of digital technology for processing, transmission and storage of information. The need for augmented reality is growing, because they are all new and new areas in which to apply, for example, heavy industry, foundry, marketing, education, medicine, etc. At the moment companies are clear targets for reducing the cost of production and improve its quality, which can achieve reduction of cycle time. This issue is going to do well AR technologies, because they reduce the time of some technological processes in production such as preparation of forms for casting before work, the use of the reference 3D models to validate final products, the transfer of jobs to production. To obtain data on the effectiveness of the implementation of such technologies in manufacturing have studied the main technical and economic indicators of major companies, for example Boeing or Siemens who already use AR-hats, to construct objects in mechanical engineering. This article discusses the assessment of market AR, which shows the degree of their introduction into various spheres of activities, an overview of the devices that can be embedded in the production process of the enterprise and the analysis of the foundry of the selected companies. An estimate was made of the technological processes of enterprises, which are required to implement AR technologies using the analytic hierarchy process was chosen as the optimal AR-devices for introduction into production and presented a conceptual model of the database for their work in the enterprise system. The materials are of practical importance for the economic development of various industries, especially heavy industry. Developed the concept of a database can be used as a basis for further construction of architectures of information systems, where it is planned to introduce AR technology.
Features of application of modern types of concrete in transport construction
Authors: Varakin Maksim , Ovchinnikov Igor
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the problem of using modern types of concrete, in particular self-compacting concrete, fiber concrete and ultra-high-strength concrete.
The issues of the importance of analyzing the possibility of using innovative types of concrete were raised in order to improve the quality of the resulting structures, increase their durability, reduce labor costs, reduce the time of work. The principle of operation of self-compacting concrete and concrete using various fibers instead of conventional reinforcement is described. Their strength characteristics are shown, the principle of operation, the features of its use, as well as manufacturing methods are described. The main types of fibers, both metallic and non-metallic, are distinguished, their main features are described. It also discusses the importance of adhering to the technology for laying concrete mixtures and how to care for them. Examples of their possible and actual use in transport construction and not only are given.
The experience of using self-compacting concrete and fiber concrete in tunneling, bridge building. The issues of their development and features of their application are raised. The importance of their use from an environmental point of view (the use of recycled materials) is noted.
A comparison of the main mechanical characteristics of several types of concrete (ultrahigh-strength concrete, high-strength concrete, ordinary concrete) is carried out. The principle of tensile operation of ultrahigh-strength concrete in comparison with other materials is considered.
Using the authors’ works as an example, the work emphasizes the importance of further research of these materials, the development of regulatory documentation for further implementation in various areas of construction, the importance of developing new types of reinforced concrete structures with new section shapes, which is possible with the correct approach and use of modern materials, is emphasized.
A New Species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Valdemarin Karinne Sampaio , Quintino Faria Jair Eustáquio , Mazine Fiorella Fernanda , Souza Vinicius Castro
Published: August 2020

Abstract—A new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic forest of Brazil is described and illustrated. Eugenia flavicarpa is restricted to the Floresta de Tabuleiro (lowland forests) of Espírito Santo state and is nested in Eugenia
subg. Pseudeugenia. Considering all other species of the subgenus that occur in forest vegetation types of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain, Eugenia flavicarpa can be distinguished mainly by the combination of smooth leaves with indumentum on both surfaces, with
two marginal veins, usually ramiflorous inflorescences, pedicels 4.5‐9.7 mm long, flower buds 3.5‐4 mm in diameter, and by the calyx lobes that are 2‐3 mm long with rounded to obtuse apices. Morphological analyses were performed to explore the significance of quantitative
diagnostic features between the new species and the closely related species, Eugenia farneyi. Notes on the habitat, distribution, phenology, and conservation status of Eugenia flavicarpa are provided, as well as a key for all species of Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia
from forest vegetation of the Atlantic forest phytogeographic domain.
Five New Species of Hechtia (Bromeliaceae; Hechtioideae) from Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Cárdenas Rodrigo Alejandro , Siekkinen Andrew , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa , Espejo-Serna Adolfo
Published: August 2020

Abstract—The genus Hechtia includes 84 species, 79 of them present in Mexico. With 12 species (including those described herein), the Mexican state of Guerrero is the third most diverse in species. As a result of botanical explorations for the project Bromeliaceae
of Mexico, we describe here five new species for science, all endemic to Guerrero: Hechtia elegans, H. ensifolia, H. medusae, H. platyphylla, and H. pycnostachya. The proposed species are compared
with other morphologically similar taxa (H. caulescens, H. flexilifolia, H. glauca, H. hintoniana, H. laxissima, and H. pretiosa). Morphological descriptions, images, and a distribution map of the described taxa are
included, as well as an identification key for all the species of Hechtia currently known from Guerrero.
Resistance of fly ash geopolymer binders to organic acids
Authors: Aiken Timothy A. , Kwasny Jacek , Sha Wei
Published: August 2020

Fly ash geopolymers are a relatively new class of binders with the potential to reduce the CO2 emissions associated with Portland cement based construction materials. This paper reports on the organic acid resistance of fly ash geopolymers following exposure to acetic and lactic acid. Organic acids are prevalent in many circumstances including agriculture, production processes and waste management. These findings demonstrate that the surface of fly ash geopolymers had superior resistance to organic acids when compared with traditional Portland cement, evidenced by smaller mass losses. This was attributed to the formation of reaction products which were less susceptible to acid attack than those formed in Portland cement systems due to their lower calcium content. However, despite the surface of fly ash geopolymers appearing less deteriorated due to organic acid attack, they were found to have a higher porosity than their Portland cement counterparts making them more susceptible to acid ingress.
The City as a Continuous Laboratory for Diversity: The Case of Geneva
Authors: Monnot Christophe
Published: August 2020

After a long period of interest of religious plurality in the nation-state, the sociology of religion, with the impulse of the sociology of migration, has turned its attention to the city. This local level allows us to understand the issues of diversity governance. This article takes advantage of the literature on the governance of migration to apply it to the governance of religious diversity. Using data from the National Congregations Study and available data on Geneva, this article will first show how past responses to the emergence of diversity determine the path for future decisions. To this top-down regulation of religion responds one or more bottom-up strategies of religious communities to find legitimacy in a constraining environment. Based on the unit of the religious community, this study on Geneva provides a historical case of the evolution of diversity. This historical perspective provides the consistency of the current governance of religious diversity, illuminating the struggle for recognition of the minority groups.