bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases
Authors: Georgieva-Trifonova Tsvetanka , Zdravkov Kaloyan , Valcheva Donika
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of the existing research on the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases by providing answers to a set of research questions resulting from a systematic literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study consists of conducting a systematic literature review of research works related to the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases. A manual keyword search is performed in known academic databases. As a result, a total of 78 literature sources are identified as related to the topic and included in the review. From the selected literature sources, information is extracted, which is then summarized and analyzed according to previously defined research questions and finally reported. Besides, a framework is defined to classify literature sources found and collected as a result of the study. The main criteria, according to which the classification is performed, are the used semantic technology and the research problem for which semantic technologies are applied in bibliographic databases. The classification of the publications is verified by each author independently of others.

Findings

The conducted systematic scientific review establishes that the evolution of semantic technologies sets a period of increased interest in the researchers, as a result of which the advantages of using them for bibliographic descriptions are examined and practically confirmed. After defining semantic models for bibliographic descriptions and approaches to transform existing bibliographic data into their correspondence, the research interest is directed at their comparison, collation; enrichment to facilitate search and retrieval of useful information. Possible perspectives for future research are outlined, which mainly relate to the complete use of the created data sets and their transformation into knowledge repositories.

Originality/value

Despite the increasing importance of the semantic technologies in various areas, including the bibliographic databases, there is a lack of comprehensive literature review and classification of literature sources relevant to this topic. The detailed study proposed in the present paper supports introducing with the existing experience in the application of semantic technologies in bibliographic databases, as well as facilitates the discovery of trends and guidelines for future research.
Gendered processes of agricultural innovation in the Northern uplands of Vietnam
Authors: Kawarazuka Nozomi , Prain Gordon
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore ethnic minority women’s gendered perceptions and processes of agricultural innovation in the Northern uplands of Vietnam. The key research question asks how women develop innovations and learn new agricultural practices within patriarchal family structures.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews including life histories were conducted with 17 female and 10 male farmers from different socio-economic groups; participant observation and key informant interviews were also carried out.

Findings

Women’s innovation processes are deeply embedded in their positions as wives and daughters-in-law. Their innovation tends to be incremental, small-scale and less technological, and they use innovation networks of women rather than those of the formal agricultural institutions, including bringing innovation knowledge from their birth family to the patrilocal household. Unlike men’s perceived innovation, women’s innovation is strongly linked to small-scale entrepreneurship, and it is a powerful approach in the sense that it strengthens the position of women in their families while improving the household economy.

Research limitations/implications

Identifying socially constructed innovation processes helps policymakers to rethink the introduction of ready-made innovation packages, both in terms of content and delivery, and to facilitate innovation for women, as well as men, in marginalized positions.

Social implications

Understanding the gendered processes of innovation instead of measuring gender gaps in innovation outcomes sheds light on women’s interests and preferences, which can inform policies for supporting women’s innovation and thereby lead to social change, including gender equity.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the understanding of gendered innovation processes and entrepreneurship associated with agriculture in rural areas in non-Western ethnic-minority contexts, which is an area that past and current research on entrepreneurship has relatively ignored.
How inter-country similarities moderate the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism in out-group country perceptions
Authors: Han C. Min , Nam Hyojin
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and cosmopolitanism (COS) may affect Asian consumers’ perceptions of out-group countries and their products, doing so by examining similar vs dissimilar countries across countries of origin. Given the strong inter-country rivalries that exist among Asian countries, the authors propose two alternative hypotheses, drawing from social identity theory and realistic group conflict theory.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, the authors examine consumer perceptions of both Western countries (dissimilar out-groups) and Asian countries (similar out-groups) within China (Study 1). In addition, the authors investigate how CET and COS affect consumer perceptions of Asian countries in Japan and in non-Asian dissimilar countries, and compare the effects between the two regions (Study 2).

Findings

The findings indicate that CET shows greater negative effects on perceptions of a country and its products, when the country is from a similar out-group than when it is from a dissimilar one. On the other hand, COS showed equally strong positive effects among consumers for both similar and dissimilar out-group countries.

Research limitations/implications

The results suggest that Asian consumers feel a sense of intergroup rivalry with other Asian countries, and, as a result, exhibit a greater degree of ethnocentric biases toward these countries and their products than they do toward Western countries and products. Also, the results suggest that COS may transcend national differences and inter-country rivalries in consumer consumption tendencies.

Originality/value

The study examines inter-country similarities as a moderator of CET and COS effects, which has not been extensively researched in the past. In addition, the study discusses the concept of intergroup rivalry among neighboring countries and examines how it affects consumer perceptions of out-group countries and their products in Asia, where strong inter-country rivalries exist.
Numerical performance information in presidential rhetoric
Authors: Rajala Tomi
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Presidents have constitutional powers and are incentivized to use performance information that is essential to economic leadership practices. However, presidents have not previously been studied in this context. The purpose of this paper is to examine how two sitting presidents use numerical performance information in their speeches. A speech is a formal talk given to a large number of individuals at a particular instance.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data were obtained from 85 presidential speeches given by the president of Estonia and 35 by the president of Lithuania. The speeches were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Inductive inference, descriptive statistics and statistical tests were used to propose new theoretical ideas for future research.

Findings

Studied presidents used extensively numerical performance information, primarily outcome information. Also, the presidents used performance information differently, even though both presidents operated in a similar political context and had similar individual characteristics. The differences were in part explained by speech length but not speech context. Older age, doctoral degree, and longer administrative and political career were associated with lower use.

Practical implications

The study provides preliminary results on how presidents use performance information and what type of performance information is most useful in presidential speeches that address the nation and conduct economic leadership.

Originality/value

New analytical models are presented that can be used to study the intensity of performance information use in rhetoric. Conceptual definitions of the various levels of intensity in performance information use are also introduced. In general, presidential performance information use adds a new dimension to existing research.
The importance of considering trauma in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: considerations and clinical recommendations
Authors: Allely Clare Sarah , Faccini Lino
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The area of trauma in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is an important area given the substantial rates of abuse endured by these individuals. However, there are issues with the identification of trauma, understanding how it is perceived, and manifested. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

The limited research regarding trauma in ASD is reviewed and gaps are identified.

Findings

The key findings from the relevant literature are discussed.

Practical implications

Practical suggestions are outlined for more effective identification of trauma in individuals with ASD.

Originality/value

To date, there has been relatively little research on trauma and ASD. This paper emphasises the urgent need for attention in this area.
R&D disclosures and earnings management
Authors: Lakhal Nadia , Dedaj But
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of Research and Development (R&D) disclosures on earnings management practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has been conducted by using a longitudinal archival data set of French companies belonging to the CAC All-Tradable index and instrumental variable estimations.

Findings

The results of the research highlight the moderating effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption and the financial crisis in this relationship. It also shows that R&D disclosures are negatively associated with earnings management. The findings also show that the IFRS adoption is complementary in its monitoring role of managerial behavior in reducing earnings management in the presence of R&D disclosures. Furthermore, this study finds that the negative effect of R&D disclosures on earnings management is more prevalent during the global financial crisis.

Originality/value

This study examined the consequences of the voluntary disclosure of R&D information in the French context. It introduces a measurement for the disclosure of R&D activities in annual reports through the construction of an R&D disclosure index.
Breaking the epistemic pornography habit
Authors: Spear Andrew D.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze some of the epistemically pernicious effects of the use of the internet and social media. In light of this analysis, it introduces the concept of epistemic pornography and argues that epistemic agents both can and should avoid consuming and sharing epistemic pornography.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on research on epistemic virtue, cognitive biases, social media use and its epistemic consequences, fake news, paternalistic nudging, pornography, moral philosophy, moral elevation and moral exemplar theory to analyze the epistemically pernicious effects of the internet and social media.

Findings

There is a growing consensus that the internet and social media activate and enable human cognitive biases leading to what are here called “failures of epistemic virtue.” Common formulations of this problem involve the concept of “fake news,” and strategies for responding to the problem often have much in common with paternalistic “nudging.” While fake news is a problem and the nudging approach holds out promise, the paper concludes that both place insufficient emphasis on the agency and responsibility of users on the internet and social media, and that nudging represents a necessary but not sufficient response.

Originality/value

The essay offers the concept of epistemic pornography as a concept distinct from but related to “fake news” – distinct precisely because it places greater emphasis on personal agency and responsibility, and following recent literature on moral elevation and moral exemplars, as a heuristic that agents might use to economize their efforts at resisting irrational cognitive biases and attempting to live up to their epistemic duties.
Developmental trauma in a forensic intellectual disability population
Authors: Morris Deborah J. , Shergill Shubhinder , Beber Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Purpose

People with an intellectual disability (ID) are more at risk of experiencing adverse childhood events. Moreover, prolonged exposure to ACEs results in enduring changes and impairments in neurological, physiological and psycho-social systems and functioning. In response, van der Kolket al.(2009) have put forward the concept of developmental trauma disorder (DTD) to reflect the “constellation of enduring symptoms” and complex care needs of this population. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the level of exposure to adverse childhood events and the prevalence of DTD in an inpatient forensic ID population.

Design/methodology/approach

A retrospective file review and consensus approach to diagnosis were used in a sample of adults with an ID detained in a secure forensic service.

Findings

Results revealed that 89 admissions (N=123) had been exposed to at least one significant ACE, with 81 being exposed to prolonged ACEs. A total of 58 admissions (47 per cent) met criteria for PTSD and 80 (65 per cent) met the criteria for DTD. Significant gender differences were noted in MHA status, primary psychiatric diagnoses, exposure to ACEs and DTD.

Research limitations/implications

The discussion explores the implications for working with forensic ID populations who report high incidents of childhood trauma and the utility, strengths and weaknesses of the proposed DTD, its relationship to ID diagnoses is explored.

Originality/value

The study outlines the prevalence of DTD and PTSD in ID forensic populations and suggests additional key assessment and treatment needs for this population.
The impacts of Industry 4.0: a descriptive survey in the Italian manufacturing sector
Authors: Zheng Ting , Ardolino Marco , Bacchetti Andrea , Perona Marco , Zanardini Massimo
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how much the Italian manufacturing companies are ready to be concretely involved in the so-called “Industry 4.0” (I4.0) journey. In particular, this paper focuses on analyzing the knowledge and adoption levels of specific I4.0 enabling technologies, also considering how organizations are involved and which are the main benefits and obstacles.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive survey has been carried out on a total of 103 respondents related to manufacturing companies of different sizes. Data collected were analyzed in order to answer five specific research questions.

Findings

The findings from the survey demonstrate that Italian manufacturing companies are in different positions in their journey toward the I4.0 paradigm, mainly depending on their size and informatization level. Furthermore, not all the business functions are adequately involved in this transformation and their awareness about this new paradigm seems quite low because of the absence of specific managerial roles to guide this revolution. Finally, there are strong differences concerning both benefits and obstacles related to the adoption of I4.0 paradigm, depending on the technology adoption level.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should focus on developing case studies about pilot I4.0 practitioners in order to understand the root cause of successful cases. Both managerial and practical references should be developed, helping Italian manufacturing enterprises to consolidate and strengthen their position in global competitive market. Finally, it would be interesting to carry out the same study in other countries in order to make comparisons and suitable benchmark analyses.

Originality/value

Despite scholars have debated about the adoption of technologies and the benefits related to the I4.0 paradigm, to the best of authors’ knowledge, only a few empirical surveys have been carried out until now on the adoption level of I4.0 principles in the manufacturing sector of a specific country.
Countering “Arctification”: Dawson City’s “Sourtoe Cocktail”
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth Ann , Spinei Michelle , Varnajot Alix
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the Sourtoe Cocktail, a custom in Dawson City, Canada’s Yukon, in which participants drink a shot of alcohol with a dehydrated human toe in it. Springing from a local legend, the thrill-inducing Sourtoe Cocktail has attracted the attention of tourists. The paper reveals insights from this particular case study in order to discuss potential future tourism trends within the Arctic, especially in regard to the development of a sustainable tourism industry. Additionally, it illustrates how local communities can avoid negative effects of “Arctification.”

Design/methodology/approach

The case study is deconstructed through Dean MacCannell’s (1976) framework of sight sacralization. The Sourtoe Cocktail is analyzed based on the five stages of the framework, which helps to reveal the various elements at play at the local level. The framework specifically highlights linkages between society and the Sourtoe Cocktail as a product in order to understand how it became a tourist attraction.

Findings

The use of MacCannell’s sight sacralization framework reveals the intricate relationship of the Sourtoe Cocktail to both the Arctic and the local folklore of the Klondike Gold Rush. In addition, it is argued that the activity can serve as an example of avoiding “Arctification” processes for northern communities.

Originality/value

The originality of the study lies in the application of the sight sacralization framework to an ordinary object – a toe – instead of an object of inherent historical, aesthetic or cultural value. The paper proposes a complementary study to the recommendations provided in the Arctic Tourism in Times of Change: Seasonality report (2019) for the development of sustainable Arctic societies.
“Dark” student volunteers: commitment, motivation, and leadership
Authors: Veres Jennifer Chelsea , Eva Nathan , Cavanagh Andrew
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Drawing from the cognitive evaluation theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between student volunteers’ narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and commitment to university volunteer programmes through the mediating mechanisms of self-orientation and pro-social motivation. Further, it investigates the roll of servant leadership in mitigating these personality types and encouraging student volunteers to become more pro-socially motivated.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses data collected via questionnaire from 156 student volunteers across Australia. Hypothesis testing was conducted using ordinary least squares regression with the path-analytic conditional process modelling (PROCESS) macro for SPSS.

Findings

The study’s analysis indicated that self-orientated motivation mediated the relationship between narcissism and normative commitment, and pro-social motivation mediated the relationship between both Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and affective commitment. Further, servant leadership was found to moderate the relationship between both Machiavellianism and psychopathy, and pro-social motivation, such that the negative relationship became weaker under a servant leader. These findings suggest that servant leaders play a significant role in encouraging “dark” personalities to see the light.

Originality/value

This research is the first to examine the use of the Dark Triad in a student volunteering context. It extends the cognitive evaluation theory by revealing that extrinsic (in contrast to intrinsic) motivations are “crowded out” as intrinsic (in contrast to extrinsic) motivations develop within individuals. The study also refines the social learning theory, by examining the influences of “positive” leadership attributes (servant leadership) on “darker” (Dark Triad) personalities.
Perceived organizational politics and counterproductive work behavior
Authors: Meisler Galit , Drory Amos , Vigoda-Gadot Eran
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine hostility as a mediator of the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics (POP) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ examined the mediation model using a sample of 171 full-time employees studying in an evening MBA program. The authors’ collected the data for this study in three waves.

Findings

The findings supported all of the hypotheses. POP was positively related to both hostility and CWB. Moreover, hostility mediated the relationships between POP and both organizational and interpersonal CWB.

Practical implications

Given that individuals high in emotional intelligence (EI) are better at regulating their negative emotions, EI training may be a powerful tool for reducing the hostility elicited among organizational members in response to POP, and consequently, their engagement in CWB.

Originality/value

The current study uncovered the emotional mechanism that underlies the POP-CWB relationship. The findings have intriguing implications in terms of potential moderators that can be developed through interventions in an attempt to reduce the hostility and CWB that result from POP.
Exploring influencing factors on transit ridership from a local perspective
Authors: He Yuxin , Zhao Yang , Tsui Kwok Leung
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Exploring the influencing factors on urban rail transit (URT) ridership is vital for travel demand estimation and urban resources planning. Among various existing ridership modeling methods, direct demand model with ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression as a representative has considerable advantages over the traditional four-step model. Nevertheless, OLS multiple regression neglects spatial instability and spatial heterogeneity from the magnitude of the coefficients across the urban area. This paper aims to focus on modeling and analyzing the factors influencing metro ridership at the station level.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs two novel direct demand models based on geographically weighted regression (GWR) for modeling influencing factors on metro ridership from a local perspective. One is GWR with globally implemented LASSO for feature selection, and the other one is geographically weighted LASSO (GWL) model, which is GWR with locally implemented LASSO for feature selection.

Findings

The results of real-world case study of Shenzhen Metro show that the two local models presented perform better than the traditional global model (OLS) in terms of estimation error of ridership and goodness-of-fit. Additionally, the GWL model results in a better fit than GWR with global LASSO model, indicating that the locally implemented LASSO is more effective for the accurate estimation of Shenzhen metro ridership than global LASSO does. Moreover, the information provided by both two local models regarding the spatial varied elasticities demonstrates the strong spatial interpretability of models and potentials in transport planning.

Originality/value

The main contributions are threefold: the approach is based on spatial models considering spatial autocorrelation of variables, which outperform the traditional global regression model – OLS – in terms of model fitting and spatial explanatory power. GWR with global feature selection using LASSO and GWL is compared through a real-world case study on Shenzhen Metro, that is, the difference between global feature selection and local feature selection is discussed. Network structures as a type of factors are quantified with the measurements in the field of complex network.
Islamophobia in the National Health Service: an ethnography of institutional racism in PREVENT's counter‐radicalisation policy
Authors: Younis Tarek , Jadhav Sushrut
Published: December 2019

In 2015, the UK government made its counter‐radicalisation policy a statutory duty for all National Health Service (NHS) staff. Staff are now tasked to identify and report individuals they suspect may be vulnerable to radicalisation. Prevent training employs a combination of psychological and ideological frames to convey the meaning of radicalisation to healthcare staff, but studies have shown that the threat of terrorism is racialised as well. The guiding question of our ethnography is: how is counter‐radicalisation training understood and practiced by healthcare professionals? A frame analysis draws upon 2 years of ethnographic fieldwork, which includes participant observation in Prevent training and NHS staff interviews. This article demonstrates how Prevent engages in performative colour‐blindness – the active recognition and dismissal of the race frame which associates racialised Muslims with the threat of terrorism. It concludes with a discussion of institutional racism in the NHS – how racialised policies like Prevent impact the minutia of clinical interactions; how the pretence of a ‘post‐racial’ society obscures institutional racism; how psychologisation is integral to the performance of colour‐blindness; and why it is difficult to address the racism associated with colourblind policies which purport to address the threat of the Far‐Right.
Leading Inclusion in Complex Systems: experiences of relational supervision for headteachers
Authors: Kennedy Emma‐Kate , Laverick Laleh
Published: December 2019

In the current context, effectively including children and young people with additional needs is a challenge for school staff. Conflicting demands placed on teachers, support staff and those who lead them often derail strategic planning for the successful inclusion of all learners. School leaders have to work with complexity and ‘mess’, whilst containing the often powerful and distressing feelings of children, parents/carers and the staff who care for them. Supporting head teachers to take up their role within complex systems, in ways that promote their on‐going learning and development, is vital. Critical are the ways in which their own experiences and feelings can be held to aid thinking. This article outlines some of the constraints currently experienced by head‐teachers in England, as well as one potential approach to containment: the provision of relational supervision. The experience of relational supervision, for both supervisee and supervisor, is explored through a case study and some suggestions for future developments offered.
Voter mobilisation in the echo chamber: Broadband internet and the rise of populism in Europe
Authors: SCHAUB MAX , MORISI DAVIDE
Published: December 2019

Can the diffusion of broadband internet help explain the recent success of populist parties in Europe? Populists cultivate an anti‐elitist communication style, which, they claim, directly connects them with ordinary people. The internet therefore appears to be the perfect tool for populist leaders. This study shows that this notion holds up to rigorous empirical testing. Drawing on survey data from Italy and Germany, a positive correlation is found between use of the internet as a source of political information and voting for populist parties. By instrumenting internet use with broadband coverage at the municipality level, the study then demonstrates that this relationship is causal. The findings suggest that part of the rise of populism can be attributed to the effect of online tools and communication strategies made possible by the proliferation of broadband access.
The Business Risk Audit Approach and Audit Production Efficiency
Authors: De Martinis Michael , Houghton Keith
Published: December 2019

Essentially, this study asks: Does the business risk audit (BRA) approach increase audit production efficiency? To answer this question empirically, direct and indirect tests are employed using proprietary, working paper data from the larger clients of a major Australian public sector audit provider and an efficiency frontier analytic methodology, data envelopment analysis (DEA). Results based on this proprietary, audit hours data for audit engagements carried out just after BRA approach implementation show that they have high levels of production efficiency and are risk‐adjusted, with no significant difference in production efficiency between higher and lower business risk audit engagements. Results based on audit fees data for audit engagements carried out shortly before and after BRA approach implementation show that overall production efficiency significantly improves. Importantly, while this improvement is significant for lower‐risk audit engagements, there is no significant improvement for higher‐risk audit engagements. In the context of this study's research site, this is consistent with the BRA approach addressing inefficiencies created when lower‐risk audit engagements are being over‐audited. That is, the BRA approach can result in both risk‐adjusted and more efficiently produced audits. With the re‐emergence of the BRA approach in the literature and in practice, this study provides empirical evidence to support the claim that this audit approach can lead to ‘creating auditing efficiencies’ (Bellet al., 1997, p. 1).
Meta‐analysis of total and differential white blood cell counts in schizophrenia
Authors: Jackson Alricka J. , Miller Brian J.
Published: December 2019

Objective

Schizophrenia is associated with alterations in blood inflammatory markers, including cytokines. Total white blood cell (WBC) count is a marker of low‐grade inflammation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of total and differential WBC counts in patients with schizophrenia.

Method

Articles were identified through a systematic search of PsycINFO, Pub Med, Web of Science, and the associated references. Data were analyzed using a random effects approach.

Results

Twenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. Blood total WBC, monocytes, and neutrophils were significantly higher in schizophrenia vs. controls with small‐to‐medium effect sizes (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.39–0.53, P < 0.01 for each). In first‐episode psychosis compared with controls, neutrophils and monocytes were significantly increased with similar effect sizes (SMD = 0.40–0.41, P ≤ 0.01 for each), and there was a trend for higher total WBC (SMD = 0.46, P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Consistent with studies of other inflammatory markers, we found evidence for increased total and differential WBC counts in schizophrenia. Our results complement other studies of WBC counts in schizophrenia. These findings are relevant to the pathophysiology and potentially the treatment of schizophrenia.
Sex ratio and female allocation to harems in a polygynous bark beetle
Authors: Griffin Melissa J , Holwell Gregory I , Symonds Matthew R E
Published: December 2019

Varying forms of polygyny are observed across many animal groups. In some species, groups of females may remain with a single male for an extended length of time. This is often referred to as harem polygyny. A female‐biased sex ratio has been associated with harem polygynous species. In such species, formation of harems may be an inevitable consequence of the relative lack of available males, rather than multiple females actively choosing to mate with a subset of specific males. The five‐spined bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, is a secondary pest of pine plantations (Pinus spp.). Harem‐like groups are formed when males bore into the bark creating a small nuptial chamber from where they release pheromones, attracting multiple females that build individual galleries associated with the males' chamber. We estimated the sex ratio of I. grandicollis in the flying population compared with those in the logs, and investigated whether females are actively choosing to join the harem of particular males, or if they simply randomly allocate themselves to harems. We also investigated how this female behaviour changes over time since the start of colonisation. The sex ratio in the flying population of I. grandicollis was slightly male biased while the population in pine billets was female biased. Early colonising females (within 2 to 8 days of log infestation) joined males non‐randomly – being more evenly distributed than expected by chance. However, the pattern of allocation differs between these days, with females allocating themselves more randomly later in the colonisation process. In a separate experiment, data collected from logs colonised after 14 days suggest completely random allocation of females to males. These results suggest that when there is a higher proportion of males to females (during early colonisation), females allocate themselves evenly among males, reducing potential between‐female competition. However, as males become rarer, females must join larger harems, but do not appear to exhibit any specific choice behaviour in which harems they join.
Support to Syrian refugees in Turkey: The roles of descriptive and injunctive norms, threat, and negative emotions
Authors: Yitmen Şenay , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: December 2019

This research investigates individual’s support for social provisions and rights of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Support is examined in relation to perceived threat of Syrian refugees and negative emotions in combination with the perception of family and friends considering Syrian refugees a threat (negative descriptive social norm) and whether these significant others morally support these refugees (positive injunctive norms). A questionnaire study was conducted among Turkish participants (N = 565), and the results show that perception of threat was associated with negative emotions which, in turn, were related to less support to Syrian refugees. Additionally, perception of threat was associated with less support through negative emotions when perceived descriptive norms were strong. Further, perceived injunctive norms were associated with more support to Syrian refugees, but less so when people had stronger negative emotions. These findings suggest that with negative descriptive norms, threat‐based negative emotions are associated with less support to Syrian refugees, and that stronger negative emotions make the association between positive injunctive norms and support weaker.
Commentary: estimating the prevalence of IBS globally—past, present and future
Authors: Ford Alexander C.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “THE PREVALENCE, PATTERNS AND IMPACT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF 40 000 SUBJECTS” BY HUNGIN, A., WHORWELL, P.J., TACK, J., AND MEARIN, F., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2003. DOI:10.1046/J.1365-2036.2003.01456.x
Letter: the gluten‐free diet as a bottom‐up approach for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Rej Anupam , Buckle Rachel Louise , Shaw Christian Charles , Trott Nick , Aziz Imran , Surendran Sanders David
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wang et al and Tuck et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15419 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15560.
Editorial: endoscopic inflammation in ileoanal pouches—does it really matter? Authors' reply
Authors: Kayal Maia , Ungaro Ryan
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kayal et al and Townsend and Subramanian papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15505 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15536.
Commentary: recognising the boom in coeliac disease prevalence was more than just increased awareness
Authors: Gibson Peter R.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “INCREASING PREVALENCE OF COELIAC DISEASE OVER TIME” BY LOHI, S., MUSTALAHTI, K., KAUKINEN, K., LAURILA, K., COLLIN, P., RISSANEN, H., LOHI, O., BRAVI, E., GASPARIN, M., REUNANEN, A. AND MÄKI, M., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2007. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03502.x
Commentary: faecal microbiota transplantation—from home brew to holy grail
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M.M.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON "RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL: FAECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION BY COLONOSCOPY VS. VANCOMYCIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION" BY CAMMAROTA, G., MASUCCI, L., IANIRO, G., BIBBÒ, S., DINOI, G., COSTAMAGNA, G., SANGUINETTI, M. AND GASBARRINI, A., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2015. DOI:10.1111/apt.13144
Editorial: moving towards the appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Kurlander Jacob E. , Rubenstein Joel H.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ghosh et al and Schnoll‐Sussman and Katz papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15591.
Letter: are sorafenib‐related adverse events associated with prolonged survival?
Authors: Li Jian‐Xu , Liu Xu , Tang Shao‐Tong , Liang Guang‐Lan , Xiang Bang‐De
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Díaz‐González et al and Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15572.
Editorial: rapid assessment of health‐related quality of life in primary biliary cholangitis—no excuse not to ask
Authors: Gulamhusein Aliya F. , Jackson Nathan D.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Alrubaiy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15554 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15601.
Editorial: moving towards appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors. Authors’ reply
Authors: Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Katz Philip O.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Ghosh et al and Kurlander and Rubenstein papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15564.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of busulfan and the influence of body composition in paediatric Fanconi anaemia patients
Authors: van Hoogdalem Matthijs W. , Emoto Chie , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Mehta Parinda A. , Vinks Alexander A.
Published: December 2019

Aims

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure that requires haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Busulfan is used in conditioning regimens prior to HCT. Doses used in non‐FA patients cause life‐threatening toxicities in FA patients and data on busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) in this population are limited. This study characterized busulfan PK in paediatric FA patients using population PK modelling and evaluated the effect of body composition on steady‐state concentrations (Css).

Methods

A total of 200 busulfan plasma concentrations in 29 FA patients from a recent study (Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01082133) were available for population PK modelling. The effect of different body size‐scaled doses and body compositions on Css was investigated using population PK modelling.

Results

Fat free mass (FFM) was identified as the best size descriptor in a two‐compartment busulfan PK model in FA patients. Conventional dosing, based on an amount of busulfan per kilogram of total body mass, resulted in higher Css in FA patients with higher body mass index (BMI). A newly proposed FFM‐based dosing strategy would eliminate the observed trend of higher concentrations in high BMI patients, and achieve consistent Css across a wide BMI spectrum.

Conclusions

This is the first study to describe the population PK of busulfan in paediatric FA patients. The proposed model will facilitate PK model‐informed precision dosing. FFM‐based dosing is expected to improve the probability of achieving target Css, particularly in obese patients, while minimizing the risk of overdosing.
The changing roles of a multinational enterprise's subsidiaries and headquarters in innovation transfer: A network perspective
Authors: Dymitrowski Adam , Ratajczak‐Mrozek Milena
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to identify the changing roles of actors involved in successful innovation transfer within a multinational enterprise. This should help in understanding how multinational enterprises are paving the way for performance management and management control in the innovation network. In examining successful innovation transfer, we identify how the internal (HQ, subsidiaries) and external actors contribute to innovation transfer and how this involvement changes over time. For the analysis, we use case studies of four different multinational enterprises and their chosen successful innovation transfer assessed from the perspective of their subsidiaries. In the analysis, we apply the idea of developing, producing and using settings of innovation derived from industrial network analysis. Our study makes a useful contribution to existing literature by shedding more light on the phenomenon of successful innovation transfer and providing a new, dynamic perspective on the roles of internal and external actors of multinational enterprises in this innovation transfer. We identify the changing roles of headquarters and subsidiaries in successful innovation transfer, indicate the importance of sister subsidiaries for this process and the lack of necessity to involve external customers in order to achieve a successful innovation transfer.
Does competition affect the clinical decision‐making of dentists? A geospatial analysis
Authors: Ghoneim Abdulrahman , Yu Bonnie , Lawrence Herenia P. , Glogauer Michael , Shankardass Ketan , Quiñonez Carlos
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To investigate the association between dentists' geographic density and perceptions of market competition with clinical decision‐making among a representative sample of dentists in Ontario, Canada's most populated province.

Methods

Competition was quantified using dentist density, defined as the number of dental clinics lying within a one kilometre radius around the respondents' clinic address and by self‐reported perceived pressure from other dental clinics. The outcome (clinical decision‐making or treatment intensity) was measured using a set of clinical scenarios, which categorized dentists as either relatively aggressive or conservative. Associations were assessed using bivariate analysis and logistic and linear regression.

Results

Dentists who perceived large competitive pressure from other dentists (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.49) were relatively more aggressive in their treatment choices. Interestingly, dentists located in very low dentist density areas (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.68) were also relatively more aggressive in their treatment choices.

Conclusion

This study is the first to explore the impact of competition on the clinical decision‐making of dentists in a Canadian context. It presents a valuable addition to the competition literature and helps to understand current dynamics in the Canadian dental care market.
Quality of life and functional outcomes following pelvic exenteration and sacrectomy
Authors: McCarthy A. S. E. , Solomon M. J. , Koh C. E. , Firouzbakht A. , Jackson S. A. , Steffens D.
Published: December 2019

Aim

The aim was to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) between patients undergoing pelvic exenteration (PE) and pelvic exenteration with sacrectomy (PES), and to investigate the influence of high (L5–S2) vs low (≤ S3) sacrectomy on QOL and functional outcomes.

Method

Patients undergoing en bloc sacrectomy as part of a PE and PE alone from 2008 to 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. QOL and functional outcomes were assessed using the 36‐Item Short Form Survey, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Colorectal Cancer questionnaire and Quality of Life questionnaire, the Revised Musculoskeletal Tumour Scale, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and the Female Sexual Function Index.

Results

Of the 344 patients identified, data were available for 116 patients who underwent PE alone and 140 patients who underwent PES. PES patients had significantly poorer physical component scores (P < 0.001) but not mental component scores (P = 0.17). Of the 140 PES patients, 55 were eligible and were invited to participate in a second functional survey, with 30 patients returning the study questionnaire. High sacrectomy patients, compared with low sacrectomy, had significantly worse lower limb motor function (P = 0.03) and poorer physical (P = 0.001) and mental health component scores (P = 0.02). No differences were found in sexual, bladder and bowel function between high and low sacrectomy patients.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing PES had worse physical component scores compared with PE alone, whereas high sacrectomy patients had significantly worse lower limb motor function and physical and mental component scores but comparable bowel, bladder and sexual functional outcomes compared with low sacrectomy patients.
Forest optimization algorithm‐based feature selection using classifier ensemble
Authors: Moorthy Usha , Gandhi Usha Devi
Published: December 2019

Features selection is the process of choosing the relevant subset of features from the high‐dimensional dataset to enhance the performance of the classifier. Much research has been carried out in the present world for the process of feature selection. Algorithms such as Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree, and genetic algorithm are applied to the high‐dimensional dataset to select the relevant features and also to increase the computational speed. The proposed model presents a solution for selection of features using ensemble classifier algorithms. The proposed algorithm is the combination of minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) and forest optimization algorithm (FOA). Ensemble‐based algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and NB is further used to enhance the performance of the classifier algorithm. The mRMR‐FOA is used to select the relevant features from the various datasets and 21% to 24% improvement is recorded in the feature selection. The ensemble classifier algorithms further improves the performance of the algorithm and provides accuracy of 96%.