bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in medical practice of retinopathy of prematurity among 8 Asian countries from an international survey
Authors: Youn Young-Ah , Kim Sae Yun , Cho Su Jin , Chang Yun Sil , Miyake Fuyu , Kusuda Satoshi , Iskandar Adhi Teguh Perma , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Dewi Rizalya , Chee Seok Chiong , Neoh Siew Hong , Imperial Ma. Lourdes S. , Velasco Belen Amparo E. , Quek Bin Huey , Lin Yuh-Jyh , Chang Jui-Hsing , Nuntnarumit Pracha , Ngerncham Sopapan , Supapannachart Sarayut , Ozawa Yuri , Tomotaki Seiichi , Prempunpong Chatchay , Prempraphan Pathaporn , Isayama Tetsuya
Published: September 2023

Advances in perinatal care have led to the increased survival of preterm infants with subsequent neonatal morbidities, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aims to compare the differences of neonatal healthcare systems, resources, and clinical practice concerning ROP in Asia with review of current literature. An on-line survey at the institutional level was sent to the directors of 336 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in 8 collaborating national neonatal networks through the Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo). ROP screening was performed in infants born at < 34 weeks in Indonesia and Japan. In South Korea, Malaysia, and Taiwan, most screened for ROP in infants born at < 32 weeks. In all networks, majority of NICUs conducted ROP screening to infants with birth weight < 1500 g. In most NICU’s in-hospital ophthalmologists performed indirect ophthalmoscopy and some were supplemented with digital imaging. Both laser photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection are performed for treatment and, vitreous surgeries are conducted less frequently in all countries. Despite limited information collected by the survey, this first study to compare ROP practices implemented in eight Asian countries through AsianNeo will enable an understanding of the differences and facilitate quality improvement by sharing better practices.
Risk of age older than 65 years for 30-day cardiac complication may be comparable to low-to-moderate risk according to revised cardiac risk index in non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Oh Ah Ran , Park Jungchan , Lee Jong-Hwan , Cha Dahye , Choi Dan-Cheong , Yang Kwangmo , Ahn Joonghyun , Sung Ji Dong , Park I. Hyun , Lee Seung-Hwa
Published: September 2023

Revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) is widely used for surgical patients without containing age as a risk factor. We investigated age older than 65 years with respect to low-to-moderate risk of RCRI. From January 2011 to June 2019, a total of 203,787 consecutive adult patients underwent non-cardiac surgery at our institution. After excluding high-risk patients defined as RCRI score > 2, we stratified the patients into four groups according to RCRI and age (A: age < 65 with RCRI < 2, [n = 148,288], B: age ≥ 65 with RCRI < 2, [n = 42,841], C: age < 65 with RCRI = 2, [n = 5,271], and D: age ≥ 65 with RCRI = 2, [n = 5,698]). Incidence of major cardiac complication defined as a composite of cardiac death, cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction was compared. After excluding 1,689 patients with high risk (defined as RCRI score > 2), 202,098 patients were enrolled. The incidence with 95% confidence interval of major cardiac complication for A, B, C, and D groups was 0.3% (0.2–0.3), 1.1% (1.0–1.2), 1.8% (1.6–1.8), and 3.1% (2.6–3.6), respectively. In a direct comparison between B and C groups, old patients with RCRI < 2 showed a significantly lower risk compared to younger patients with RCRI = 2 (odd ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.78; p < 0.001). In non-cardiac surgery, the risk of age older than 65 years was shown to be comparable with low-to-moderate risk according to RCRI.
Efficacy of copper nanoparticles encapsulated in soya lecithin liposomes in treating breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro
Authors: Ahmed Shaimaa A. , Gaber Mohamed H. , Salama Aida A. , Ali Said A.
Published: September 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, which has attracted the attention of the scientific world to the search for efficient methods for treatment. With the great development and regeneration of nanotechnology over the last 25 years, various nanoparticles in different structures, shapes and composites provide good potential for cancer therapy. There are several drugs approved by FDA used in breast cancer treatment like Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Femara, Herceptin, etc. Each has several side effects as well as treatment, which limits the use of drugs due to heart failure, pulmonary dysfunction, or immunodeficiency. Recently, such side effects are greatly reduced by using innovative delivery techniques. Some drugs have been approved for use in cancer treatment under the concept of drug delivery, such as Doxil (liposomal loaded doxorubicin). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as a drug model for cancer treatment, either in their free form or encapsulated in Soy lecithin liposomes (SLP) from plant origin as a cheap source of lipids. CuNPs were prepared by the chemical reduction method and loaded onto SLP through the thin film hydration method. The drug model Cu/SLP was successfully combined. The characteristics of the free CuNPs, liposomes, and the combined form, zeta potential, size distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%), drug release profile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were checked, followed by an in vitro study on the breast cancer cell line Mcf-7 as a model for cytotoxicity evaluation. The optimal Cu/SLP had a particle mean size of 81.59 ± 14.93 nm, a negative zeta potential of − 50.7 ± 4.34 mV, loaded CuNPs showed an EE% of 78.9%, a drug release profile for about 50% of the drug was released after 6 h, and FTIR analysis was recorded. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the IC50 of Cu/SLP is smaller than that of free CuNPs. These results give clear evidence of the efficacy of using the combined Cu/SLP rather than CuNPs alone as a model drug carrier prepared from plant origin against cancer, both medically and economically.
Optimization of vertically aligned carbon nanotube beam trajectory with the help of focusing electrode in the microchannel plate
Authors: Adhikari Bishwa Chandra , Ketan Bhotkar , Patil Ravindra , Choi Eun Ha , Park Kyu Chang
Published: September 2023

The focusing electrode plays an important role to reduce the electron beam trajectory with low dispersion and high brightness. This article summarizes the importance of the vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube effect with the focusing electrode. First of all, the effect of electron beam trajectory is studied with the different heights, hole sizes, and applied voltage of the focusing electrode by the opera 3D simulation. The field emission electron beam spot is captured in the microchannel plate which helps to reduce the signal noise effect and damage of CNT tips by the joule heating effect. The high-dense bright spot is optimized at the focusing electrode hole size of 2 mm, and the height of 1 mm from the gate mesh electrode at the low bias voltage of − 200 V without the loss of current. The FWHM of the electron beam is calculated 0.9 mm with its opening angle of 0.9° which could be applicable in high-resolution multi-electron beam microscopy and nano-focused X-ray system technology.
Two successive outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis due to norovirus GII.6 in a holiday camp house
Authors: Alsedà Miquel , Godoy Pere , Bach Pilar , Soldevila Núria , Cornejo Thais , Corominas Laura , Grau Maria , Domínguez Àngela ,   The Working Group for the Study of Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in Catalonia, Alsedà Miquel , Álvarez Josep , Barrabeig Irene , Belver Anna Isabel , Camps Neus , Minguell Sofia , Carol Monica , Godoy Pere , Izquierdo Conchita , Jané Mireia , Martínez Ana , Parrón Ignacio , Pérez Cristina , Rovira Ariadna , Sabaté Maria , Sala Maria Rosa , Torner Núria , Vileu Rosa Maria , de Andres Anna , de Benito Javier , Camprubí Esteve , Cunillé Montse , Forns M. Lluïsa , Moreno-Martínez A. , Razquín Efrén , Rius Cristina , Sabaté Sara , de Simón Mercé , Rodríguez Virginia , Bartolomé Rosa , Cornejo Thais , Guix Susana , Coronas Lorena , Domínguez Àngela , Soldevila Núria
Published: September 2023

When two outbreaks occur in the same institution within a short period of time, an important health and social concern is generated. Two gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring a week apart in the same facility were reported in Lleida, Spain, in 2018. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological investigation carried out and to determine the risk factors. Demographic data, food consumption and symptoms were collected. Health inspections of the facility were carried out. Risk ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated for the implication of each food consumed. The attack rate was 89.7% in the first outbreak and 69.6% in the second outbreak. The most frequent symptoms in the first and second outbreak were abdominal pain (88.5% and 100%, respectively), vomiting (80.8% and 87.5%, respectively) and nausea (69.2% and 81.3%, respectively). The first outbreak was associated with the consumption of a salad and the second with a cheese omelet. Norovirus GII.6 was detected by RT-PCR and sequenced in both groups of students and in the food handlers who prepared the meals. These results highlight the importance of exclusion from work of food handlers with gastroenteritis, the adequate availability of mechanisms for correct hand washing and the correct cleaning of surfaces.
Statistical optimization, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle biosynthesized by saw palmetto seed phenolic extract
Authors: Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Barakat Amal Z. , Bassuiny Roqaya I. , Mohamed Saleh A.
Published: September 2023

On the global market, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are in high demand for their various applications in biomedicine, material engineering, and consumer products. This study highlighted the biosynthesis of the Ag-NPs using saw palmetto seed phenolic extract (SPS-phenolic extract), which contained vital antioxidant-phenolic compounds. Herein, central composite statistical design, response surface methodology, and sixteen runs were conducted to optimize Ag-NPs biosynthesis conditions for maximizing the production of Ag-NPs and their phenolic content. The best-produced SPS-Ag-NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 460 nm and nano-spherical sizes ranging from 11.17 to 38.32 nm using the UV spectrum analysis and TEM images, respectively. The produced SPS-Ag-NPs displayed a high negative zeta-potential value (− 32.8 mV) demonstrating their high stability. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that SPS-phenolic compounds were involved in sliver bio-reduction and in stabilizing, capping, and preventing Ag-NP aggregation. The thermogravimetric investigation revealed that the produced SPS-Ag-NPs have remarkable thermal stability. The produced SPS-Ag-NP exceeded total antioxidant activity (13.8 µmol Trolox equivalent) more than the SPS-phenolic extract (12.0 µmol Trolox equivalent). The biosynthesized SPS-Ag-NPs exhibited noticeably better antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus compared to SPS-phenolic extract. Hence, the bio-synthesized SPS-Ag-NPs demonstrated great potential for use in biomedical and antimicrobial applications.
Public RNA-seq data-based identification and functional analyses reveal that MXRA5 retains proliferative and migratory abilities of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Yoshida Kazuma , Suzuki Shigeki , Yuan Hang , Sato Akiko , Hirata-Tsuchiya Shizu , Saito Masahiro , Yamada Satoru , Shiba Hideki
Published: September 2023

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) usually remain quiescent in the dental pulp tissue; however, once the dental pulp tissue is injured, DPSCs potently proliferate and migrate into the injury microenvironment and contribute to immuno-modulation and tissue repair. However, the key molecules that physiologically support the potent proliferation and migration of DPSCs have not been revealed. In this study, we searched publicly available transcriptome raw data sets, which contain comparable (i.e., equivalently cultured) DPSC and mesenchymal stem cell data. Three data sets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then processed and analyzed. MXRA5 was identified as the predominant DPSC-enriched gene associated with the extracellular matrix. MXRA5 is detected in human dental pulp tissues. Loss of MXRA5 drastically decreases the proliferation and migration of DSPCs, concomitantly with reduced expression of the genes associated with the cell cycle and microtubules. In addition to the known full-length isoform of MXRA5, a novel splice variant of MXRA5 was cloned in DPSCs. Recombinant MXRA5 coded by the novel splice variant potently induced the haptotaxis migration of DPSCs, which was inhibited by microtubule inhibitors. Collectively, MXRA5 is a key extracellular matrix protein in dental pulp tissue for maintaining the proliferation and migration of DPSCs.
Identification and validation of a prognostic risk-scoring model based on the level of TIM-3 expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Huang Wanxue , Zheng Shasha , Wang Qi , Zhao Na , Long Zhiguo
Published: September 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis due to the presence of self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The presence of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) on the surface of LSCs has been observed in various types of human AML, exerting an impact on the prognostic outcome. Exploring the hub genes associated with varying levels of TIM-3 expression offers a valuable approach to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involving TIM-3 and to identify potential prognostic indicators in AML. Nevertheless, to date, no research studies have reported a prognostic model that relies on the level of TIM-3 expression. In our study, we screen the hub-genes based on different expression level of TIM-3 through WGCNA. The prognostic risk-scoring model was constructed based on hub-genes. The results show the risk prognostic model has extraordinary ability to predict prognosis in both the training and validation sets. The high-risk group present poor prognosis with mutation of NPM1, TP53 (Multiple Hit) and FLT3(multiple hit), while IDH2 (Missense Mutation), MUC16 (Multiple Hit/Missense Mutation) occur mutation in low-risk group presenting favorite prognosis than high-risk group. Leukocyte cell–cell adhesion, regulation of T cell activation and I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling enriched in high-risk group, involving in HSCs or LSCs anchoring to BM, which implicated in LSCs survival and chemotherapy resistance. B7-H3 (CD276) and CD276 would be the potential immune targets in high-risk group. The risk score model may help in distinguishing immune and molecular characteristics, predicting patient outcomes.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid total Ig, anti-RBD IgG antibodies, and infection in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey from October 2022 to January 2023
Authors: Chansaenroj Jira , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Kanokudom Sitthichai , Assawakosri Suvichada , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Klinfueng Sirapa , Wongsrisang Lakana , Thongmee Thanunrat , Aeemjinda Ratchadawan , Khanarat Nongkanok , Srimuan Donchida , Thatsanathorn Thaksaporn , Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Katanyutanon Apirat , Thanasopon Wichai , Bhunyakitikorn Wichan , Sonthichai Chaninan , Angsuwatcharakorn Piyada , Withaksabut Withak , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Poovorawan Yong
Published: September 2023

Seroprevalence studies on SARS-CoV-2 are essential for estimating actual prevalence rates of infection and vaccination in communities. This study evaluated infection rates based on total anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin (N) and/or infection history. We determined the seroprevalence of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies across age groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chonburi province, Thailand, between October 2022 and January 2023. Participants included newborns to adults aged up to 80 years. All serum samples were tested for anti-N total Ig and anti-RBD IgG. The interviewer-administered questionnaires queried information on infection history and vaccination records. Of 1459 participants enrolled from the Chonburi population, ~ 72.4% were infected. The number of infections was higher in children aged < 5 years, with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreasing significantly with increasing age. There were no significant differences based on sex or occupation. Overall, ~ 97.4% of participants had an immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The anti-RBD IgG seroprevalence rate was lower in younger vaccinated individuals and was slightly increased to 100% seropositivity at ages > 60 years. Our findings will help predict the exact number of infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Thai population. Furthermore, this information is essential for public health decision-making and the development of vaccination strategies.
A facile, rapid procedure for Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalyzed by efficient amino-bifunctional frameworks under mild conditions
Authors: Saghian Mahdie , Dehghanpour Saeed , bayatani Zahra
Published: September 2023

A series of bifunctional hexagonal MOFs have been successfully constructed by the introduction of various amine functional groups within the unsaturated Cu-based MOF, HKUST, to access amino-modified frameworks. The prepared compounds are cost-effective and display high chemical and thermal stability. They were effectually exploited as efficacious and superb heterogeneous catalysts in rapid and facile Knoevenagel condensation reactions for a variety of substrates containing different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents with very high conversion, good reusability under mild conditions, and very short reaction time. The contaminant presence of Lewis acid and basic sites resulted in efficient condensation reactions by the prepared catalysts.
Exploring GWAS and genomic prediction to improve Septoria tritici blotch resistance in wheat
Authors: Zakieh Mustafa , Alemu Admas , Henriksson Tina , Pareek Nidhi , Singh Pawan K. , Chawade Aakash
Published: September 2023

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is a destructive foliar diseases threatening wheat grain yield. Wheat breeding for STB disease resistance has been identified as the most sustainable and environment-friendly approach. In this work, a panel of 316 winter wheat breeding lines from a commercial breeding program were evaluated for STB resistance at the seedling stage under controlled conditions followed by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP). The study revealed a significant genotypic variation for STB seedling resistance, while disease severity scores exhibited a normal frequency distribution. Moreover, we calculated a broad-sense heritability of 0.62 for the trait. Nine single- and multi-locus GWAS models identified 24 marker-trait associations grouped into 20 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for STB seedling-stage resistance. The seven QTLs located on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 5B (two), 7A, and 7D are reported for the first time and could potentially be novel. The GP cross-validation analysis in the RR-BLUP model estimated the genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of STB resistance with a prediction accuracy of 0.49. Meanwhile, the GWAS assisted wRR-BLUP model improved the accuracy to 0.58. The identified QTLs can be used for marker-assisted backcrossing against STB in winter wheat. Moreover, the higher prediction accuracy recorded from the GWAS-assisted GP analysis implies its power to successfully select superior candidate lines based on their GEBVs for STB resistance.
Effect of organic loading rates on the performance of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment behaviours, fouling, and economic cost
Authors: Al-Sayed Aly , Hassan Gamal K. , Al-Shemy Mona T. , El-gohary Fatma A.
Published: September 2023

Although submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) are widely used in treating municipal wastewater and recovery of potential resources, membrane operational parameters and membrane fouling control remain debated issues. In this study, the treatment of municipal wastewater by MBR at high-biomass sludge (MLSS (g/L) ranging from 5.4 g/L to 16.1 g/L) was assessed at an organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 0.86 to 3.7 kg COD/m3d. The correlation between trans-membrane pressure and total fouling resistance was thoroughly investigated in this study. According to the findings, greater OLRs of 0.86 to 3.7 kg COD/m3d caused a decrease in COD, BOD, and NH4–N removal efficiency, and higher OLRs of 3.7 kg COD/m3d resulted in a higher increase in total fouling resistance (Rt). The economic study of using the MBR system proved that for a designed flow rate of 20 m3/d, the payback period from using the treated wastewater will be 7.98 years, which confirms the economic benefits of using this MBR for treating municipal wastewater. In general, understanding the challenges facing the efficiency of MBR would improve its performance and, consequently, the sustainability of wastewater reclamation.
Design and control of a self-adjusting outdoor landscape wall
Authors: Cui Ru
Published: September 2023

This paper designs an outdoor landscape wall, which is equipped with an electrical motor, a sunlight intensity sensor and a rain sensor. The plants in the landscape wall will be rotated indoors when the weather is bad. To the contrary, based on signals from the sunlight intensity sensor, the plants can be rotated outdoors to get suitable sunlight. The dynamics of the electrical motor current control loop is much higher than the requirement of the position control loop. The whole control system can be divided into two subsystems: out-loop position control system and inner-loop current control system. An adaptive control strategy is proposed for out-loop position control. A nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization is developed for inner-loop current control. The two subsystems are synthesized with a first-order filter. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed control strategy. The simulation results demonstrate that high-performance position tracking can be achieved under parameter uncertainty and disturbance.
Estimation of cumulative amplitude distributions of miniature postsynaptic currents allows characterising their multimodality, quantal size and variability
Authors: Gordleeva Susanna , Dembitskaya Yulia , Kazantsev Victor , Postnikov Eugene B.
Published: September 2023

A miniature postsynaptic current (mPSC) is a small, rare, and highly variable spontaneous synaptic event that is generally caused by the spontaneous release of single vesicles. The amplitude and variability of mPSCs are key measures of the postsynaptic processes and are taken as the main characteristics of an elementary unit (quantal size) in traditional quantal analysis of synaptic transmission. Due to different sources of biological and measurement noise, recordings of mPSCs exhibit high trial-to-trial heterogeneity, and experimental measurements of mPSCs are usually noisy and scarce, making their analysis demanding. Here, we present a sequential procedure for precise analysis of mPSC amplitude distributions for the range of small currents. To illustrate the developed approach, we chose previously obtained experimental data on the effect of the extracellular matrix on synaptic plasticity. The proposed statistical technique allowed us to identify previously unnoticed additional modality in the mPSC amplitude distributions, indicating the formation of new immature synapses upon ECM attenuation. We show that our approach can reliably detect multimodality in the distributions of mPSC amplitude, allowing for accurate determination of the size and variability of the quantal synaptic response. Thus, the proposed method can significantly expand the informativeness of both existing and newly obtained experimental data. We also demonstrated that mPSC amplitudes around the threshold of microcurrent excitation follow the Gumbel distribution rather than the binomial statistics traditionally used for a wide range of currents, either for a single synapse or when taking into consideration small influences of the adjacent synapses. Such behaviour is argued to originate from the theory of extreme processes. Specifically, recorded mPSCs represent instant random current fluctuations, among which there are relatively larger spikes (extreme events). They required more level of coherence that can be provided by different mechanisms of network or system level activation including neuron circuit signalling and extrasynaptic processes.
Monitoring the abundance of flying insects and atmospheric conditions during a 9-month campaign using an entomological optical sensor
Authors: Saha Topu , Genoud Adrien P. , Williams Gregory M. , Thomas Benjamin P.
Published: September 2023

Monitoring the dynamics of insect populations is key to assessing the impact of human activities on insect populations. However, traditional methodologies relying on physical traps have inherent limitations in accurately monitoring insect abundance. Here, we present findings from a 9-month campaign conducted in New Jersey, USA, utilizing a near-infrared optical sensor known as eBoss. From April to December 2022, the eBoss derived the aerial density (insect/m3) and biomass density (mg/m3) with a 1-min resolution from a total of 302,093 insect observations. The data collected were analyzed in relation to air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The results revealed that the abundance of flying insects exhibited an initial increase from April to June, reaching a peak of 0.094 insect/m3 and 1.34 mg/m3, followed by a subsequent decline towards the end of the year. Our investigation showed a surge in insect abundance above 12.5 °C, with particularly high levels observed between 19 and 31 °C. The impact of relative humidity and wind speed on insect populations was also explored. Overall, this campaign demonstrated the efficacy of photonic sensors in gathering novel and extensive data for the field of entomology, paving the way for improved understanding and management of insect populations.
Natural scene reconstruction from fMRI signals using generative latent diffusion
Authors: Ozcelik Furkan , VanRullen Rufin
Published: September 2023

In neural decoding research, one of the most intriguing topics is the reconstruction of perceived natural images based on fMRI signals. Previous studies have succeeded in re-creating different aspects of the visuals, such as low-level properties (shape, texture, layout) or high-level features (category of objects, descriptive semantics of scenes) but have typically failed to reconstruct these properties together for complex scene images. Generative AI has recently made a leap forward with latent diffusion models capable of generating high-complexity images. Here, we investigate how to take advantage of this innovative technology for brain decoding. We present a two-stage scene reconstruction framework called “Brain-Diffuser”. In the first stage, starting from fMRI signals, we reconstruct images that capture low-level properties and overall layout using a VDVAE (Very Deep Variational Autoencoder) model. In the second stage, we use the image-to-image framework of a latent diffusion model (Versatile Diffusion) conditioned on predicted multimodal (text and visual) features, to generate final reconstructed images. On the publicly available Natural Scenes Dataset benchmark, our method outperforms previous models both qualitatively and quantitatively. When applied to synthetic fMRI patterns generated from individual ROI (region-of-interest) masks, our trained model creates compelling “ROI-optimal” scenes consistent with neuroscientific knowledge. Thus, the proposed methodology can have an impact on both applied (e.g. brain–computer interface) and fundamental neuroscience.
Rise of post-pandemic resilience across the distrust ecosystem
Authors: Illari Lucia , Restrepo Nicholas J. , Johnson Neil F.
Published: September 2023

Why does online distrust (e.g., of medical expertise) continue to grow despite numerous mitigation efforts? We analyzed changing discourse within a Facebook ecosystem of approximately 100 million users who were focused pre-pandemic on vaccine (dis)trust. Post-pandemic, their discourse interconnected multiple non-vaccine topics and geographic scales within and across communities. This interconnection confers a unique, system-level (i.e., at the scale of the full network) resistance to mitigations targeting isolated topics or geographic scales—an approach many schemes take due to constrained funding. For example, focusing on local health issues but not national elections. Backed by numerical simulations, we propose counterintuitive solutions for more effective, scalable mitigation: utilize “glocal” messaging by blending (1) strategic topic combinations (e.g., messaging about specific diseases with climate change) and (2) geographic scales (e.g., combining local and national focuses).
Early acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in lung adenocarcinomas before radiographic advanced identified by CT radiomic delta model based on two central studies
Authors: Li Xiumei , Zhang Chengxiu , Li Tingting , Lin Xiuqiang , Wu Dongmei , Yang Guang , Cao Dairong
Published: September 2023

Early acquired resistance (EAR) to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in lung adenocarcinomas before radiographic advance cannot be perceived by the naked eye. This study aimed to discover and validate a CT radiomic model to precisely identify the EAR. Training cohort (n = 67) and internal test cohort (n = 29) were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and external test cohort (n = 29) was from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College. Follow-up CT images at three different times of each patient were collected: (1) baseline images before EGFR-TKIs therapy; (2) first follow-up images after EGFR-TKIs therapy (FFT); (3) EAR images, which were the last follow-up images before radiographic advance. The features extracted from FFT and EAR were used to construct the classic radiomic model. The delta features which were calculated by subtracting the baseline from either FFT or EAR were used to construct the delta radiomic model. The classic radiomic model achieved AUC 0.682 and 0.641 in training and internal test cohorts, respectively. The delta radiomic model achieved AUC 0.730 and 0.704 in training and internal test cohorts, respectively. Over the external test cohort, the delta radiomic model achieved AUC 0.661. The decision curve analysis showed that when threshold of the probability of the EAR to the EGFR-TKIs was between 0.3 and 0.82, the proposed model was more benefit than treating all patients. Based on two central studies, the delta radiomic model derived from the follow-up non-enhanced CT images can help clinicians to identify the EAR to EGFR-TKIs in lung adenocarcinomas before radiographic advance and optimize clinical outcomes.
Assessing the roles of shape prototypicality and sexual dimorphism in ratings of the trustworthiness of faces
Authors: Leger Kathlyne , Dong Junzhi , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C. , Shiramizu Victor K. M.
Published: September 2023

Perceptions of the trustworthiness of faces predict important social outcomes, including economic exchange and criminal sentencing decisions. However, the specific facial characteristics that drive trustworthiness perceptions remain poorly understood. Here we investigated this issue by exploring possible relationships between ratings of the trustworthiness of face images and objective assessments of two aspects of face shape that researchers have previously argued are important for perceptions of trustworthiness: distinctiveness and sexual dimorphism. Here we report that faces with more distinctive shapes are rated as less trustworthy, but that sexual dimorphism of face shape is not significantly correlated with trustworthiness ratings. These results suggest that distinctiveness of face shape plays a more important role in trustworthiness perceptions than does sexual dimorphism and suggest that perceptions of trustworthiness may stem, at least in part, from the ‘anomalous-is-bad’ stereotype.
Genetic diversity and ancestry of the Khmuic-speaking ethnic groups in Thailand: a genome-wide perspective
Authors: Kampuansai Jatupol , Wongkomonched Rattanasak , Kutanan Wibhu , Srikummool Metawee , Seetaraso Tanapon , Sathupak Suwapat , Thongkumkoon Patcharawadee , Sangphukieo Apiwat
Published: September 2023

The Khmuic-speaking populations are believed to be the descendants of one of the earliest groups to settle in Mainland Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there are two agricultural Khmuic-speaking ethnic groups, the Khamu and Lua (Htin). These peoples primarily reside in scattered locations along the mountainous Thailand–Laos border in Nan province. In this study, we conducted genome-wide SNP analysis on 81 individuals from three Khamu and two Lua villages in northern Thailand. Our findings revealed that both the Khamu and Lua groups possess genetic structures that are distinct from other ethnicities in Southeast Asia, indicating a unique history of migration and settlement. Within the Khmuic group, the Khamu populations living in different locations exhibited similar genetic structures and displayed genetic affinities only with some hill-tribes and Tai-Kadai (Kra-Dai)-speaking groups in Thailand, suggesting potential intermixing or cultural exchange. Furthermore, the Lua people displayed a distinctive population structure, which could be attributed to the founder effect and endogamous marriage practices. Additionally, we discovered a relationship between the Khmuic-speaking populations in Thailand and a Neolithic ancient sample obtained from the Tham Pha Ling archaeological site in Laos. This study provides new insight into genetic substructure within the Khmuic-speaking people and their potential relationship to the indigenous inhabitants of Mainland Southeast Asia.
Engaging a national-scale cohort of smart thermometer users in participatory surveillance
Authors: Tseng Yi-Ju , Olson Karen L. , Bloch Danielle , Mandl Kenneth D.
Published: September 2023

Participatory surveillance systems crowdsource individual reports to rapidly assess population health phenomena. The value of these systems increases when more people join and persistently contribute. We examine the level of and factors associated with engagement in participatory surveillance among a retrospective, national-scale cohort of individuals using smartphone-connected thermometers with a companion app that allows them to report demographic and symptom information. Between January 1, 2020 and October 29, 2022, 1,325,845 participants took 20,617,435 temperature readings, yielding 3,529,377 episodes of consecutive readings. There were 1,735,805 (49.2%) episodes with self-reported symptoms (including reports of no symptoms). Compared to before the pandemic, participants were more likely to report their symptoms during pandemic waves, especially after the winter wave began (September 13, 2020) (OR across pandemic periods range from 3.0 to 4.0). Further, symptoms were more likely to be reported during febrile episodes (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.6–2.6), and for new participants, during their first episode (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 2.4–2.5). Compared with participants aged 50–65 years old, participants over 65 years were less likely to report their symptoms (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.3–0.3). Participants in a household with both adults and children (OR = 1.6 [1.6–1.7]) were more likely to report symptoms. We find that the use of smart thermometers with companion apps facilitates the collection of data on a large, national scale, and provides real time insight into transmissible disease phenomena. Nearly half of individuals using these devices are willing to report their symptoms after taking their temperature, although participation varies among individuals and over pandemic stages.
Weighted spin torque nano-oscillator system for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Böhnert T. , Rezaeiyan Y. , Claro M. S. , Benetti L. , Jenkins A. S. , Farkhani H. , Moradi F. , Ferreira R.
Published: September 2023

Neuromorphic computing is a promising strategy to overcome fundamental limitations, such as enormous power consumption, by massive parallel data processing, similar to the brain. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-principle implementation of the weighted spin torque nano-oscillator (WSTNO) as a programmable building block for the next-generation neuromorphic computing systems (NCS). The WSTNO is a spintronic circuit composed of two spintronic devices made of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs): non-volatile magnetic memories acting as synapses and non-linear spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) acting as a neuron. The non-linear output based on the weighted sum of the inputs is demonstrated using three MTJs. The STNO shows an output power above 3 µW and frequencies of 240 MHz. Both MTJ types are fabricated from a multifunctional MTJ stack in a single fabrication process, which reduces the footprint, is compatible with monolithic integration on top of CMOS technology and paves ways to fabricate more complex neuromorphic computing systems.
Contextual cueing of visual search reflects the acquisition of an optimal, one-for-all oculomotor scanning strategy
Authors: Seitz Werner , Zinchenko Artyom , Müller Hermann J. , Geyer Thomas
Published: September 2023

Visual search improves when a target is encountered repeatedly at a fixed location within a stable distractor arrangement (spatial context), compared to non-repeated contexts. The standard account attributes this contextual-cueing effect to the acquisition of display-specific long-term memories, which, when activated by the current display, cue attention to the target location. Here we present an alternative, procedural-optimization account, according to which contextual facilitation arises from the acquisition of generic oculomotor scanning strategies, optimized with respect to the entire set of displays, with frequently searched displays accruing greater weight in the optimization process. To decide between these alternatives, we examined measures of the similarity, across time-on-task, of the spatio-temporal sequences of fixations through repeated and non-repeated displays. We found scanpath similarity to increase generally with learning, but more for repeated versus non-repeated displays. This pattern contradicts display-specific guidance, but supports one-for-all scanpath optimization.
Real-time monitoring and actuation of a hybrid siphon valve for hematocrit-independent plasma separation from whole blood
Authors: Khodadadi Reza , Pishbin Esmail , Eghbal Manouchehr , Abrinia Karen
Published: September 2023

Glass Slides are used as a super hydrophilic surfaces for making the hybrid siphon valves. This mechanism has been used for high efficiency plasma separation based on whole blood with different hematocrit levels.
Establishing stereochemical comparability in phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with nuclease P1 digestion coupled with LCMS analysis
Authors: Li Zifan , Tong Fei , Xiao Li , Larson Nicholas R. , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Yueheng , Immel-Brown Jonas P. , Bou-Assaf George M.
Published: September 2023

NP1 digestion coupled with UHPLC-HRMS can provide valuable information on stereochemical comparability between phosphorothioate oligonucleotides by examining digestion fragments.
Stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces regulated by dual-salt and localized high-concentration strategies for high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Yingmeng , Zeng Lingxuan , Ding Zaohui , Wu Wei , Deng Libo , Yao Lei
Published: September 2023

Dual-salt LHCE creates robust and inorganic-rich interfacial layers on cathode and anode to stabilize high-voltage cathode and high-active Li-metal anode.
Multi-component carbon-based composites containing high crystallinity NiBDC as high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Han Mei , Bi Jingce , Liu Ningning , Liang Zhiqiang , Wang Yi , Wang Zhuopeng , Zhang Xia , Song Yu , Han Yide
Published: September 2023

A new strategy is developed to fabricate carbon-based composites with high crystallinity of the MOF, and they are applied as electrodes to assemble a supercapacitor with high capacitance and energy density.
Nitridation-free preparation of bimetallic oxide-nitride bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Shenoy Sulakshana , Chuaicham Chitiphon , Sasaki Keiko , Park Sungkyun , Nallal Muthuchamy , Park Kang Hyun , Sekar Karthikeyan
Published: September 2023

The study presents a novel method for synthesizing bimetallic oxide-nitride electrocatalysts, utilizing metal salts and nitrogen-rich precursors in a surfactant-free, one-pot synthesis, demonstrating remarkable catalytic efficacy and stability.
Pre-engineering artificial solid electrolyte interphase for hard carbon anodes for superior sodium storage performance
Authors: Shi Lu , Sun Yadi , Liu Wei , Zhao Fanjun , Liu Ruixin , Dong Chengyu , Cheng Guanggui , Ding Jianning
Published: September 2023

A 5-nm-thick artificial solid electrolyte interphase is pre-engineered for hard carbon anodes toward ultrahigh-initial Coulombic efficiency and superior-rate sodium storage.
Insights into the multifaceted applications of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Sen Raju , Bhardwaj Srashti , Bar Krishnendu , Deshwal Shalu , Vaitla Janakiram
Published: September 2023

This feature article focuses on the synthesis and applications of vinyl sulfoxonium ylides under metal-mediated and metal-free conditions.
A brand-new type of excited-state proton transfer (ESIPT) molecule based on sulfoxide/sulfenic acid tautomerism
Authors: Su Rongchuan , Huang Zhenmei
Published: September 2023

A brand-new type of ESIPT molecule based on sulfoxide/sulfenic acid tautomerism. The sulfoxide/sulfenic acid based ESIPT molecule requires one step and two steps in the ground and first excited singlet state, respectively.
Using singular value decomposition to analyze drug/β-cyclodextrin mixtures: insights from X-ray powder diffraction patterns
Authors: Hasegawa Kanji , Goto Satoru , Tsunoda Chihiro , Kuroda Chihiro , Okumura Yuta , Hiroshige Ryosuke , Wada-Hirai Ayako , Shimizu Shota , Yokoyama Hideshi , Tsuchida Tomohiro
Published: September 2023

A projection of interconversion pathways in a hyperdimensional space enables the visualization of relationships between polymorphs or crystalline habits.
Excitation energy equilibration in a trimeric LHCII complex involves unusual pathways
Authors: Novoderezhkin Vladimir I.
Published: September 2023

Inter-monomeric energy migration in the trimeric LHCII complex is accelerated due to uphill transfers from chlorophylls a to chlorophylls b.
Towards nanotube-based sensors for discrimination of drug molecules
Authors: Algharagholy Laith A. , García-Suárez Víctor M. , Albeydani Ohood Abdullah , Alqahtani Jehan
Published: September 2023

Drug molecules encapsulated in modified nanotubes produce distinctive features in the density of states that can be used to sense and distinguish them from other types of molecules.
Exploiting epoxy-rich poly(ethylene glycol) films for highly selective ssDNA sensing via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zharnikov Michael
Published: September 2023

Bioinert, porous polyethylene glycol films are used as 3D template for immobilization of thiolated probe ssDNA, providing effective DNA sensing platform.
Enhancing the bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution activity of CoNC by introducing a trace amount of Fe
Authors: Sun Yongrong , Liu Zhikai , Liu Hailu , Li Fayong , Li Lingfeng , Du Chunyu , Li Jia , Xie Dong , Han Guokang
Published: September 2023

The potential application of zinc air batteries to tackle the energy shortage and environmental crisis has proposed new requirements of the bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Spectroscopic investigation of the structural transformation of Ru in the Ru/CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Xu Kai , Hu Xiu-Cui , Ma Chao , Wang Peng , Wang Wei-Wei , Jia Chun-Jiang
Published: September 2023

In this study, the status of the Ru (single atoms and nanoclusters) in the Ru/CeO2 catalyst is intensively investigated in oxidative (O2), inert (N2, Ar), and reductive (H2, CO) atmospheres by an in situ spectroscopic technique.
Transition-metal-free, oxidative C(sp3)–H arylation of amides with zeolite catalysts
Authors: Vercammen Jannick , Krasniqi Besir , De Vos Dirk
Published: September 2023

Zeolite catalysts in combination with tert-butylperoxy ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC) as oxidant promote oxidative coupling reactions with amides.
Bridge-type Mn–O–Mn sites promoting catalytic methane oxidation and carbonate desorption over Mn-based oxides
Authors: Xu Jiacheng , Zhang Tiantian , Sun Yan , Fang Shiyu , Wu Zuliang , Gao Erhao , Zhu Jiali , Wang Wei , Dai Lianxin , Liu Weihua , Zhang Buhe , Zhang Junwei , Yao Shuiliang , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

MnO2 is a good catalyst due to its various crystal structures and oxidative valence states.
Phosphorus doped molybdenum disulfide regulated by sodium chloride for advanced supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Li Yunan , Meng Jiayin , Wang Xiaotian , Song Meng , Jiao Mingli , Qin Qi , Mi Liwei
Published: September 2023

Interweaved SP-MoS2 nanosheets possessed a more negative K+ average adsorption energy and exhibited superior specific capacitance and rate capability.
Autoxidation of glycols used in inhalable daily products: implications for the use of artificial fogs and e-cigarettes
Authors: Guo Xinyang , Chan Ya-Chun , Gautam Tania , Zhao Ran
Published: September 2023

The use of glycols is seen in various industries and occupations.
Porous calcium copper titanate electrodes for paracetamol degradation by electro-oxidation via CuO-induced peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Makhoul Elissa , Tanos Fida , Bekheet Maged F. , Riedel Wiebke , Petit Eddy , Viter Roman , Tepliakova Iryna , Ramanavicius Arunas , Razzouk Antonio , Lesage Geoffroy , Cretin Marc , Boulos Madona , Cornu David , Bechelany Mikhael
Published: September 2023

Pharmaceutical-induced water pollution threatens health and ecosystems. Advanced oxidation, like electrocatalysis with peroxymonosulfate and calcium copper titanate as a key catalyst, shows promise for removing trace pollutants.
A facile, general, and modular synthetic approach to biomass-based diols
Authors: Jiang Le , Wang Li , Yan Qiang , Fan Haojun , Xiang Jun
Published: September 2023

A modular synthetic route to prepare biomass-based diols (BDOs) is demonstrated. This method offers a convenient and efficient way for accessing structurally diverse BDOs without the need for catalysts and under mild reaction conditions.
Critical evaluation of sample preparation for SP-ICP-MS determination of selenium nanoparticles in microorganisms – focus on yeast
Authors: Sajnóg Adam , Bierła Katarzyna , Szpunar Joanna , Jiménez-Lamana Javier
Published: September 2023

Different sample preparation protocols for the characterization of biogenic SeNPs in yeast by SP-ICP-MS have been critically evaluated.
A spectral standardization method based on plasma image-spectrum fusion to improve the stability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Nie Junfei , Zeng Ying , Niu Xuechen , Zhang Deng , Guo Lianbo
Published: September 2023

A novel spectral standardization method was proposed based on plasma image-spectrum fusion (SS-PISF) to improve the spectral stability.
An all-in-one platform to deplete pathogenic bacteria for rapid and safe enrichment of plant-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wen Zhihao , Yu Jianning , Jeong Hyorim , Kim Dong-Uk , Yang Ji Yeong , Hyun Kyung-A , Choi Seoyeon , Park Sunyoung , Jung Hyo-Il
Published: September 2023

An all-in-one platform efficiently removed impurities, including pathogenic bacteria, from extracellular vesicles derived from liquorice (LdEVs). The resulting purified LdEVs hold promise for applications in cosmetics and therapeutics.