bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOIL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RIZE (Oryza sativa L.) GROWN IN A FLY-ASH AMENDED SOIL
Authors: Priatmadi Bambang J. , Saidy Akhmad R. , Septiana Meldia
Published: November 2019

al of Chemistry Volume 4(1):33-42.
Artikel 3
Fly-ash (FA) is largely alkaline in nature and contains many essential elements for plant growth along with toxic metals. Therefore, fly-ash is potential to be applied as soil ameliorate that may improve soil properties and plant growth. In this experiment we studied the changes in chemical properties and rice production of acid sulphate soils amended with fly ash. Six different amounts of FA, viz. 0 (100% soil), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 75 tones FA ha-1 were added homogenously to 6 kg of soils in pots of PVC and then chemical properties of acid sulphate soils were observed after a 3-week of incubation. Subsequent of the observation of soil properties, rice was planted onto the pots. Results of study showed that fly-ash application improved soil pH and exchangeable Ca. However, the availability of nitrogen of acid sulphate soils decreased significantly with fly-ash application. The experiment also showed that fly-ash application to soils improved rice growth (height plant, number of tillers, dried-weight root and dried-weight shoot) and rice production. Application 20 tones FA ha-1 resulted in higher rice production than the application 0, 5 and 10 tones FA ha-1, and increasing subsequent the amount of FA application did not significantly increase the rice production. Results of this study demonstrate that low-level fly-ash application resulted in the improvements of soil chemical properties and rice production.
EFFECTS OF INUNDATION DEPTH ON GROWTH OF 14 PLANT SPECIES ON PEATLANDS IN PULANG PISAU REGENCY
Authors: Rotinsulu Johanna M. , Indrayanti Lies , Sampang Sampang
Published: November 2019

Rehabilitation of degraded peat-swamp forests, especially in Central Kalimantan Province, is becoming increasingly important in order to restore the ecological functions and maintain the biodiversity and carbon pool. The problem facing the rehabilitation effort is the limited knowledge about the techniques of rehabilitation on peat swamp lands using local species because inundation frequently occurs in this area during rainy season which greatly affects the growth of the plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of resistance of plants to inundation on peat swamp lands in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. The experiment was conducted in Taruna Jaya village, Jabiren subdistrict. Pulang Pisau Regency, using 14 different plant species endemic to peat swamp forests, with two factors, namely the level of immersion/inundation and plant species. In order to find out the plant resistance to inundation and the root growth, some variables were measured, such as the survival percentage of plants after tested in inundation and planted in the field, the assessment of the tree health using the criteria of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), and the root-shoot ratio (RSR). The results showed that of the 14 species tested, Belangeran (Shorea balangera Korth) and Bintangur (Calophylum sp.) had good resistance to the condition of inundated soil, high adaptability in the field, and high value of RSR (root- shoot ratio). The plant species with high efficiency in absorbing nutrients and water were Shorea balangeran Korth, Calophyllum sp., Dyera polyphylla, and Alstonia pneumatophora. Those with the very high value of tree health were Alstonia pneumatophora, Calophyllum sp., D. pseudomalabarica, Dyera polyphylla, Shorea balangeran Korth, Trisraniopsis sp. and Stemonurus secondflorus.
ESTIMATION OF CARBON STORAGE IN SHRUBS IN CEMPAKA SUBDISTRICT, BANJARBARU
Authors: Ra Dienny Redha , Wahyunah Wahyunah , Louisa Virgina Maria
Published: November 2019

The amount of critical lands, mostly wetlands, in South Kalimantan Province has increased, and it requires quick and sustainable recovery. An analysis of the potential of shrubs in vegetation indicated that shrubs had an important role in greening a city either in mixed vegetation or in vegetation filled with shrub strata. This basic characteristic becomes the basis of the study on carbon storage in shrubs and their potential as the alternative vegetation in the recovery of degraded lands. The study was conducted in Cempaka Subdistrict, Banjarbaru. Samples were taken at three stations, each of which consisted of three plots sample plots measuring 4 x 4 m. Carbon storage in the shrubs was estimated using the main stem diameter, and converted into table of average carbon estimation. The shrub canopy was estimated based on the types of canopy using formulas and types of canopy volume. The results showed that the average value of carbon storage contained in the shrubs per plot was 15.54 lbs/m2/day, with an average canopy volume per plot was 0.40 m3. In 1 ha of growing area, shrubs was estimated to absorb carbon up to 155,416.67 lbs. Total canopy volume developed by the shrub vegetation in the area was 22,462,878.50 m3/ha. The canopy volume has a correlation with carbon storage in shrubs, so shrubs are potential as the initial alternative vegetation or pioneer plants for reforestation of degraded land.
STRUCTURE, CONDUCT, AND PERFORMANCE OF NUCLEUS ESTATE AND SMALLHOLDER (NES) SCHEME IN OIL PALM SECTOR IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani , Yanti Nuri Dewi , Budiwati Nina
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure, conduct, and performance of the nucleus estate and smallholder (NES) scheme in oil palm sector. The results showed that the conduct of partners in partnership generally was in accordance with the functions/tasks, rights and obligations regulated by the local government on the the nucleus estate and smallholder oil palm project. The market structure tended to be not competitive and the partnership system with the nucleus estate and smallholder (NES) scheme did not provide similar profits where the bargaining position of plasma farmers (smallholders) was relatively lower compared with that of the business partners (nucleus estates). Non-competitive market structure did not affect the transaction mechanism of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) products from plasma plantations to necleus estates.
ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND CARBON CONTENT IN EX-COAL MINE LANDS
Authors: Hadi Wirawan Noor , Hatta Gusti Muhammad , Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Razie Fakhrur
Published: November 2019

Potentially acid forming (PAF) and non-acid forming (NAF) lands are two types of lands found in ex-coal mine lands. These lands are similar to wetlands that have the potential to produce acid. PT. Jorong Barutama Greston is one of the coal mining companies required by the government to carry out reclamation by revegetation activities. Revegetation of ex-coal mine lands has generated plant biomass and carbon content to a specific value. The purposes of this study were to compare the amount of biomass and carbon content in ex-coal mine lands and to determine the best treatment for the ex-coal mine lands. The methods began with creating the measuring plots on the lands with different soil color (gray and brown). The soil color difference was determined by laboratory analysis test. For each different soil, the land revegetation was implemented with different treatments, 4 ameliorant treatments and 2 fertilization treatments so there were 8 units of treatments. Biomass and carbon content in each treatment unit were calculated by taking 4 plants as the laboratory test samples. The carbon content was calculated using the formula calculating the carbon of undergrowth with a diameter of < 5 cm. The results showed that the biomass and carbon content of plants in plot II were 17 times higher than those in plot I. The best treatment in plot I was the use of lime, bokashi and LOF (Liquid Organic Fertilizer) while the best treatment in plot II was the use of bokashi.
ANALYSIS OF PROFIT FUNCTION AND RETURNS TO SCALE OF RICE FARMING IN TIDAL AND FRESHWATER SWAMPLANDS IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN
Authors: Rifiana Rifiana , Wilda Kamiliah , Ferrianta Yudi
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate the production and profit function by farmers and to analyze the relative economic efficiency of rice farming in two typologies of wetland, tidal swampland and freshwater swampland. The analysis showed that the production facilities in the study area were very influential on the rice farming profit, so an increase in the high price of production facility would lead to a decrease in profit, which in turn would lower the level of farmers’ welfare. Under optimal conditions where maximum profit was reached, the effects of variable input prices and the input number remained significant except for the value of the equipment used. Based on the value of the coefficient function of fertilizer demand, pesticide and labor were inelastic towards the price while the seed input was elastic. Rice farming in the study area had decreasing returns to scale. It indicated that the increase in inputs was higher than the increase in returns.
RESISTANCE OF LOCAL BANANA VARIETIES TO FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE
Authors: Mariana Mariana , Budi Ismed Setya
Published: November 2019

Fusarium wilt is one of the important banana diseases that lead to low quality and quantity of banana production. The objective of this study was to examine and study the resistance of some local banana varieties to fusarium wilt. Pathogens were isolated from the weevil of kepok banana (saba banana) that showed severe symptoms of Fusarium wilt. The inoculum was prepared by propagating the pathogens on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Inoculation was carried out using mycelium fragment suspension (12 mg hyphae mL-1 tween 20 0.05%). The roots of the two-week Ambon banana were injured and immersed in the suspension. Pathogens were determined using Koch's postulates. The varieties tested were seven (7) local banana varieties grown in South Kalimantan. Levels of resistance were determined based on the scale of Leaf Symptom Index (LSI). The pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The results showed that there were differences in the levels of resistance; Kepok banana (highly susceptible); yellow Ambon, Awa, Susu, Mahuli and Talas bananas (susceptible), and Manggala banana (tolerant).
The Quality of the Installation Service of Fish Seed (BBI) Trinsing in Fish Seed Suppliers in Barito Utara Districts
Authors: Mulyani Fachrudin
Published: November 2019

The research used descriptive qualitative method. Service was said to be of quality if the service received more than expected, satisfying if the service received the same as expected and if the service received less than expected, the service was said to be of low quality. The results show that the service quality provided by the Fisheries, Agriculture and Fisheries Department of North Barito Regency was considered satisfactory in terms of dimensions of responsiveness, dimensions of assurance and empathy. While the dimensions of reliability and dimensions of tangibles are considered unsatisfactory. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the Fisheries, Fisheries and Animal Husbandry Department of North Barito Regency will be able to improve the quality of services by improving the quality of human resources and making new breakthroughs in fish farming technology.
Use of Trichaderma sp. For Biological Control of Diplodia Disease in Siam Banjar Citrus
Authors: Mujib Abdul
Published: November 2019

Siam Banjar Citrus has a very bright prospect to be develoved, becomes a contributor to the national fruit products with various types and varieties and has the production that does not depend on seasons. Diplodia disease in citrus still becomes a major problem because it causes loss of high yield and affecth the gain of  production. The disease, caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae pat., indicates symptoms of lesions on citrus trunk, such as narrow lines on the trunk, and can cause plant death due to the disruption of transport of water and nutrients from the soil to the plants. The objectives of the research were to find out the effects of the interaction between Trichokompos fertilizer sp.,to determine the combination of Trichokompos fertilizer and Tricjoderma sp. Solution for Diplodia disease control. The study was conducted from january to april 2012, in Rantau Badauh sub- district. This experiment employed Randomized Blok Design (RBD) consisting of three replications and two factors , namely the dosage of  Trichokompos fertilizer (0 kg, 10 kg and 20 kg), and the dosage of  Trichoderma sp. (0 g/l lt EKG, 50 g/l lt EKG , 100 g/l lt EKG, 150g/l lt EKG and 200 g/l lt EKG). The observations were conducted on the presence of fungi and the measurement of bark lesions. The result showed  that there was no intraction between the two treatmeants, and the significant effect of the application of  Trichoderma sp. Against the widespread symptoms of  doplodia at all observation time with the best dosage was 50 g/l ECG. The results of the regression indicated that the higher concentration and the longer time of the applicatin of Trichoderma sp. Would reduce the widespread of symptoms caused by diplodia in citrus.
The Role of Stakeholders and Mechanism of Forest Area Gazettement of Gunung Birah Protected Area in KPHP Model Tanah Laut
Authors: Nugraha Ady Prasetya
Published: November 2019

The gazettement of forest area is one of the significant aspects in forest designation that should be carried out to determine the legal framework regarding with the administrative and the physical status as well as forest boundaries. It is expected that the legal framework and precise forest area will support the powerful and purposeful forest management. The study aimed to find out the roles and the standpoints of stakeholders, to explore the mechanism, to identify and analyze the obstacles in the process, to formulate alternative effort in the process of forest area gazettement of Gunung Birah Protected Forest. It is expected that this study will enrich the concern on forestry policy especially regarding with the gazettement of the forest area, as well as provide the input to the ministry of forestry and local government in formulating strategies and policies in the implementation of forest area gazettement. The result indicated the stakeholders involved in the gazettement of Gunung Birah protected forest in KPHP Model Tanah Laut as well as their roles are the functionaries of KPHP Model Tanah Laut, local community adjacent to the forest area, regional office of forestry Planning (Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan/BPKH), Local Government (The administration committee of forest boundary), and Central Government(the ministry of Environment and forestry). Constraints in the affirmation process of Gunung Birah protected forest areas in KPHP Tanah Laut can be divided into internal and external factors. Internal constraints include human errors in the compilation of Minute of Forest Boundary, incomplete implementation document thus the gazettement could not be processed, and the lack of socialization dealing with forest boundary to the local community adjacent to forest area. Meanwhile, the external constraints were the determination of forest boundaries stretch frequently intersects with settlement or other rights, the overlapping use of an area, the lack of public recognition on forest area boundary, the issuance of private land rights certificate in forest areas, and diverse interpretations on the status of forest area.
Association Between Lipoprotein(a) and Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis in Russian Population (Data of Observational ESSE-RF study)
Authors: Shalnova S. A. , Ezhov M. V. , Metelskaya V. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Tarasov V. I. , Muromtseva G. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Shabunova A. A. , Belova O. A. , Trubacheva I. A. , Efanov A. Y. , Astakhova Z. T. , Kulakova N. V. , Boytsov S. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2019

Experimental and clinical data indicate a significant contribution of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) to the atherogenesis. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this relationship are not fully understood.

Aim. To investigate the distribution of Lp(a) in the population of the regions participating in the Study “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF) and to evaluate its associations with cardiovascular risk factors.

Material and methods. Representative samples of the male and female population of 7 regions of the Russian Federation, aged from 25 to 64 years, enrolled in the multi-center cross-sectional epidemiological study were analyzed. A total of 10332 people were examined, of whom 3732 were men (36.0%) and 6600 were women (64.0%), the average age was equal in both sexes.

Results. The mean value of Lp(a) reached 22.4 mg/dl (standard deviation 21.3 mg/dl) and significantly differed from the median (11.1 mg/dl; interquartile range from 3.9 to 20.2 mg/dl), forming the right-skewed distribution in both male and female population. Lp(a) levels were statistically significantly correlated with the level of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), ароВ/аpoAI and total cholesterol. Notably, the odds ratios were growing by quintiles, and increased along with increasing lipid values (p<0.0001). Lp(a) levels were also positively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and negatively correlated with blood concentration of glucose and triglycerides (TG). There were no associations with body mass index, waist circumference and smoking status.

Conclusion. According to the ESSE-RF data, there are significant positive associations of Lp(a) with the LDL-C level, the ароВ/аpoAI ratio, total cholesterol, and hs-CRP. Negative associations are established with glucose and TG levels. The future studies should be planned with the notion of the Lp(a)’s right-skewed distribution type.
The Role of Magnesium in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Possibility of their Prevention and Correction with Magnesium Preparations (Part 1)
Authors: Safaryan A. S. , Sargsyan V. S. , Kamyshova T. V. , Akhmedzhanov N. M. , Nebieridze D. V. , Poddubskaya E. A.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the influence of magnesium on the homeostasis of the body and, in particular, on the cardiovascular system. It describes the importance of the presence and effects of magnesium on various key processes and functions occurring in the body. The reasons for the lack of magnesium and ways to replenish it both in the natural way (eating, certain foods) and magnesium preparations are considered. The article provides examples of large randomized studies that prove the importance of the influence of normal magnesium levels on human health in general and on the state of the cardiovascular system. These studies show how magnesium deficiency increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and how it can be reduced. It is also shown which trace elements and vitamins are closely related to magnesium metabolism, and how they (in particular, potassium and vitamin B6) improve and facilitate the normalization of magnesium levels. It is noted how comorbidity decreases with the normalization of magnesium level – the higher the magnesium level in the blood plasma (closer to the upper limit and more), the less comorbidity and longer life expectancy. Magnesium is an absolutely essential ion and a good medicine. Magnesium deficiency and hypomagnesemia are quite common, difficult to diagnose (due to underestimation and rare level control) and accompany many diseases of the cardiovascular system and beyond. The widespread use of organic magnesium salts would improve the situation as a whole, due to their universal multiple effect on many processes in the body. This is an integral part of therapeutic and preventive measures in patients with already existing diseases and in people who do not have diseases, but who are at risk due to existing hypomagnesemia.
Sampling, Analysis, and Risk Assessment for Asbestos and Other Mineral Fibers in Soil
Authors: Cahill Ed
Published: November 2019

Asbestos may be present in soil as a natural occurrence or by contamination from asbestos-containing building materials, illegal dumping of asbestos, or other human activities. When trying to properly assess asbestos and other mineral fiber content in a sample by microscopy, soil is a problem matrix in all respects. Even defining the sample to be collected requires forethought and can greatly influence the final analytical result. Determining the sampling approach as well as the best sample preparation and analysis techniques are critical to obtaining accurate results in a metric that is useful to the end user. This article provides an overview of the various approaches that can be applied to assist those involved with asbestos in soil projects. There are many analytical techniques that can be applied for the determination of asbestos content in soil, including visual observation in the field, stereomicroscopy, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and others. All of these techniques have their own inherent strengths and weaknesses. Fortunately all of the analysis options are complementary, and using multiple techniques can help to better characterize a sampling site and provide a more comprehensive assessment. Time and cost constraints will typically play a role in determining the final sampling and analysis plan.
Urinary proteome of dogs with kidney injury during babesiosis
Authors: Winiarczyk Dagmara , Michalak Katarzyna , Adaszek Łukasz , Winiarczyk Mateusz , Winiarczyk Stanisław
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAcute kidney injury is the most frequent complication of babesiosis in dogs and may provide a natural model for identifying early and specific markers of kidney injury in this species. There are limited data on urine proteomics in dogs, and none of the effect of babesiosis on the urine proteome. This study aimed to identify urinary proteins of dogs with kidney injury during the natural course of babesiosis caused by Babesia canis, and to compare them with proteins in a control group to reveal any potential biomarkers predicting renal injury before the presence of azotemia.Urine samples were collected from 10 dogs of various breeds and sex with naturally occurring babesiosis, and 10 healthy dogs. Pooled urine samples from both groups were separated by 2D (two-dimensional) electrophoresis, followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight) mass spectrometry. ResultsIn total, 176 proteins were identified in the urine samples from healthy dogs, and 403 proteins were identified in the urine samples from dogs with babesiosis. Of the 176 proteins, 146 were assigned exclusively to healthy dogs, and 373 of the 403 proteins were assigned exclusively to dogs with babesiosis; 30 proteins were common for both groups. Characteristic analysis of 373 proteins found in dogs with babesiosis led to the isolation of 8 proteins associated with 10 metabolic pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses. ConclusionsIt was hypothesized that epithelial-mesenchymal transition might play an important role in the mechanisms underlying pathological changes in renal tissue during babesiosis, as indicated by a causal relationship network built by combining 5 of the 10 selected metabolic pathways, and 4 of the 8 proteins associated with these pathways; this network included cadherins, gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors, inflammatory responses mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways, integrins, interleukins, and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) pathways. Those pathways were linked by interleukin-13, bone morphogenetic protein 7, α2(1) collagen, and tyrosine protein kinase Fer, which are potential biomarkers of damage during babesiosis in dogs, that might indicate early renal injury.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmLHY genes alters plant height and internode length in soybean
Authors: Kong Fanjiang , Cheng Qun , Dong Lidong , Su Tong , Gan Zhuoran , Nan Haiyang , Lu Sijia , Fang Chao , Kong Liping , Li Haiyang , Hou Zhihong , Kou Kun , Tang Yang , Lin Xiaoya , Zhao Xiaohui , Chen Liyu , Liu Baohui
Published: November 2019

Background: Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important oil and protein crop. Plant height is a key trait that significantly impacts the yield of soybean; however, research on the molecular mechanisms associated with soybean plant height is lacking. The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated) system is a recently developed technology for gene editing that has been utilized to edit the genomes of crop plants. Results: Here, we designed four gRNAs to mutate four LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL ( LHY ) / CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 ( CCA1 )- LIKE ( LCL ) genes in soybean. In order to test whether the gRNAs could perform properly in transgenic soybean plants, we first tested the CRISPR construct in transgenic soybean hairy roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenesis strain K599. Once confirmed, we performed stable soybean transformation and obtained nineteen independent transgenic soybean plants. Subsequently, we obtained one T 1 transgene-free homozygous quadruple mutant of GmLCL by self-crossed. The phenotype of T 2 -generation transgene-free quadruple mutant plants were observed and the results showed that quadruple mutant of GmLCL displayed reduced plant height and shortened internodes. In addition, the relative expression levels of gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway genes in the quadruple mutant of GmLCL were significantly decreased than wild type (WT). It suggests that GmLCLs encoding MYB transcription factor affect plant height through mediating the GA pathway in soybean. We also develop some genetic markers to identify mutant for assisting breeding studies. Conclusions: Our results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of four GmLCL genes reduce soybean plant height and shorten internodes. These findings suggest that manipulation of four GmLCL genes may improve yield by altered plant height and internode length in soybean.
A causal model of public health administration, need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees after ASEAN community’s policy
Authors: Kaewanuchit Chonticha , Sawangdee Yothin
Published: November 2019

Background One important outcome national and international migration is the development of economies and societies worldwide. A rapid change amongst Asian immigrant employees who were working and settling down in Thailand, especially, Burmese, Lao, and Cambodian was that it lead to poor physical health and mental health. It lead into an incremental need for a system of public health administration because of the difficulties in accessing both the health service and beneficial health information after ASEAN community’s policy. The aim of this research was to analyze a causal model of public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees after ASEAN community’s policy. Methods This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey with 400 Asian immigrant employees. They were Burmese (200 cases), Lao (100 cases), and Cambodian (100 cases) in 2017. Measures included general characteristics, public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization. A causal model for mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees were verified using path analysis. Result s Public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status in each group all have a direct effect on mental health service utilization. Public health administration among Asian immigrants employees following the ASEAN community policy had the most direct effect on mental health service utilization with a standardized regression weight of 0.758 (p-value < 0.01). The ASEAN community policy; a mediator of this research, also had a direct effect on mental health service utilization. Conclusion This research demonstrates that Public health administration was an important factor related to mental health service utilization among Asian immigrants employees following the ASEAN community policy. It also recommends using qualitative methods for further research among Asian immigrant employees who are from developing countries. Key words: Public health administration; Need for mental health care; Mental health status; Asian immigrant employees; Mental health service utilization Trial Registration Number: The Thai Clinical Trials Registry code, Thailand was TCTR20170713001.
Human Adenovirus Coinfection Aggravates the Severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Gao Jiaojiao , Xu Lili , Xu Baoping , Xie Zhengde , Shen Kunling
Published: November 2019

Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The coinfection rate of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) can reach 52% in some areas, but the effects of coinfection with different pathogens have not been clearly recognized.Methods The cases of MPP hospitalized in Beijing Children's Hospital from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2016 were screened. MPP patients coinfected with Human adenovirus (HAdV) were categorized into the research group. Patients with single M. pneumoniae infection were categorized into the control group, matching the research group by age and admission time with a ratio of 1:3. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and disease severity were compared between these two groups.Results A total of 2,540 hospitalized MPP cases were screened in Beijing Children's Hospital, among which thirty cases were enrolled in the research group and ninety cases were enrolled in the control group. The results indicated that patients in the research group had longer hospital stays, longer fever durations and a higher rate of dyspnea, as well as a larger proportion applications of oxygen therapy and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). No obvious differences were found in lab examinations within the two groups. Regarding disease severity, the proportions of extremely severe pneumonia and severe disease defined by the clinical score system were higher in the research group than in the control group.Conclusion Compared with single M. pneumoniae infection, MPP coinfected with HAdV in children was relatively more serious.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi Curvularia aeria MTCC 12847 isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. leaf.
Authors: Sahani Kamana , Thakur Deependra , Hemalatha K.P.J.
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to perform phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. leaf.
Background: Curvularia aeria MTCC 12847 was isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. leaf and was used for phytochemical analysis which revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids etc from different solvents extracts. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by nine separated methods: scavenging of free radical ABTS, DPPH, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroxyl radical, Metal cheating, Nitric oxide, Superoxide radical, Reducing power and FRAP and the isolate Curvularia aeria MTCC 12847 showed good activity at low concentration.
Conclusion: Further work is needful to isolate the exact compound which is responsible for antioxidant activity and biophysical characterization will be done in the future.
Resveratrol inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the metabolomic analysis
Authors: Jia Ai-Qun , Luo Huai-Zhi , Guan Ying , Yang Rui , Qian Guo-Liang , Yang Xian-Hui , Wang Jun-Song
Published: November 2019

Background Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) can cause destructive bacterial leaf blight in rice. As an antibacterial, resveratrol may inhibit Xoo growth. This study focused on the potential structural-activity relationship of resveratrol and its derivatives against Xoo growth, and 1 H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis was applied to investigate the global metabolite changes in Xoo after resveratrol treatment.Results Resveratrol showed the strongest inhibitory effects on Xoo growth compared with its derivatives, which lacked double bonds (compounds 4 – 6 ) or hydroxyls were substituted with methoxyls (compounds 7 – 9 ). The IC 50 of resveratrol against Xoo growth was 11.67 ± 0.58 μg/mL. Results indicated that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on Xoo growth, and hydroxyls were vital for this inhibition. Interestingly, resveratrol also significantly inhibited Xoo flagellum growth. Based on 1 H-NMR global metabolic analysis, a total of 30 Xoo metabolites were identified, the changes in the metabolic profile indicated that resveratrol could cause oxidative stress as well as disturb energy, purine, amino acid, and NAD + metabolism in Xoo , resulting in the observed inhibitory effects on growth.Conclusions This study showed that the double bond of resveratrol contributed to its inhibitory effects on Xoo growth, and hydroxyls were also the important active groups. Resveratrol could cause oxidative stress of Xoo cells, and disturb the metabolism of energy, purine, amino acid and NAD +, thus inhibit Xoo growth.
Professional support during the postpartum period: Primiparous women’s views on professional services, their expectations, and barriers to mobilizing professional help
Authors: Nan Yiping , Zhang Jingjun , Anum Nisar , Huo Lanting , Yang Lei , Yin Juan , Duolao Wang , Rahman Atif , Li Xiaomei
Published: November 2019

Background: Mothers of young infants, especially primiparous women who lack experience and knowledge, are usually overwhelmed with a multitude of stressors and challenges. Although support from professionals is needed for new mothers, there is indeed a gap between the necessary high-quality service and the currently provided poor services. This study aimed to explore primiparous women’s views on professional services, identify barriers to mobilizing professional support, and further understand women’s expectations of and preferences for the delivery of professional services. Method: A descriptive phenomenological study design was utilized in this study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 primiparous women who were selected from two community health centres and who had given birth within one year before the interview. Each conversation lasted between 20-86 minutes. Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological approach was used for data analysis. Results: Three major themes were identified: (a) dissatisfaction with current professional services for postpartum women, (b) barriers to mobilizing professional support, and (c) primiparous women’s expectations of professional support. Seven related subthemes included primiparous women’s disappointment with clinical services and their low confidence in services provided by communities, social health centres and online platforms; internal personal reasons and external socio-cultural factors that contributed to barriers in obtaining professional help; and primiparas’ new expectations of baby-care-related services, their personal needs for recovery, and their expectations of methods of services delivery. The necessity of professional support in the first month of confinement was emphasized by primiparas. Online methods were perceived by the majority of participants to be the best way to receive services. Conclusion: The results of this descriptive phenomenological study suggested that the professional services currently provided by medical facilities were insufficient and could not meet the requirements of primiparous women. The identified barriers should be analysed and overcome by enhancing education and eliminating stigma. The results also suggested that providing service focused on women’s requirements may be an effective strategy to enhance primiparous women’s well-being and suggested that women believed that the most acceptable and convenient methods should be considered during the delivery of interventions.
Genome-wide analysis of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors in papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Yang Min , Yang Hu , Kuang Ruibin , Zhou Chenping , Huang Bingxiong , Wei Yuerong
Published: November 2019

Background : As a superfamily of transcription factors (TFs), the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins have been identified and functionally characterized in many plants. However, no comprehensive analysis of the bHLH family in papaya ( Carica papaya L. ) has been reported previously.
Results: In this study, a total of 73 CpbHLH genes were found in papaya, and these genes were classified into 18 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, with one orphans. Almost all of the CpbHLH in the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and protein motifs according to an analysis of exon/intron organizations and motif compositions. The number of exons in CpbHLH genes varied from 1 to 11 with an average of 5. The amino acid sequences of the bHLH domains were quite conservative, especially Leu-27 and Leu-63. Promoter cis -element analysis revealed that most of the CpbHLH genes contained cis -elements that can respond to various biotic/abiotic stress-related events. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that Cp bHLH mainly functions in protein dimerization activity and DNA-binding, and most Cp bHLH proteins were predicted to localize in the nucleus. Abiotic stress treatment and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed some predicted CpbHLH genes that might be responsible for abiotic stress responses in papaya.
Conclusions : A total of 73 bHLH transcription factors were identified from papaya, and their gene structures, conserved domains, sequence features, phylogenetic relationship, promoter cis -element, GO annotation and gene expression profiles responsible for abiotic stress were investigated. Our findings lay a foundation for further evolutionary and functional elucidation of Cp bHLHs.
Keywords : papaya, genome-wide analysis, bHLH transcription factors, abiotic stress
An assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Three Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus by a Direct Contact Test: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chakrabort Trishnika , Taneja Sonali
Published: November 2019

For a successful endodontic treatment antimicrobial property of endodontic filling is mandatory. Hence the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of three Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus by direct contact test (DCT). Materials and Methods The antimicrobial efficacy of three different sealers (Group 1= AH Plus, 2= MTA Fillapex and 3= Endo Sequence BC) were tested against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by DCT. Freshly mixed sealers were placed in flat bottom test tubes incubated at 37°C. Thereafter 10 μL of suspension was drawn and spread over cultural plates in order to determine the colony count using digital colony counter. Readings were taken at 1 hr (fresh specimen), then at 24 hrs (after setting). The results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test Results DCT showed a significant decrease in microbial count in AH Plus,MTA Fillapex and Endoseq BC at both the time intervals. Group 3 (Endosequence BC) showed minimum microbial count followed by Group 2 (MTA Fillapex) and maximum for Group 1(AH Plus) for both the time intervals (1 hour and 24 hours). Conclusion Endosequence BC showed maximum antimicrobial efficacy against all the tested microorganisms for both the time intervals, followed by MTA Fillapex and AH Plus.
IL-6 gene rs1800795 polymorphism and diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive analysis involving 39099 participants
Authors: Chunmin Zhang , Cheng Zhiying
Published: November 2019

Background Over the past two decades, many studies concentrated the association between a common polymorphism ( rs1800795 ) from interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) risk have been published, however, the results remain ambiguous and indefinite.Methods In current, we performed a comprehensive analysis to explore above relationship. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Chinese (CNKI and Wanfang) databases, covering all papers published until Sep 20, 2019. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was applied to evaluate the strength of this association. Publication bias was assessed with both Begg and Egger’s tests.Results Overall, 26 case-control studies with 5973 T2DM patients and 13968 controls, and 11 case-control studies (10193 T1DM patients and 8965 health controls) were included for analysis in our study. Finally, significant decreased association was observed between the rs1800795 polymorphism and T2DM risk in overall sample, Asians and hospital-based subgroup (for example: C-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.53-0.81, P < 0.05), however, increased associations were found from Mixed population and hospital-based subgroup between rs1800795 polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility (for example: CC vs. GG: OR = 2.45, 95%CI = 1.18-5.07, P = 0.016 for Mixed individuals).Conclusions In summary, there had a definite evidence to confirm that IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of decreased T2DM and increased T1DM.
Learning Outcomes of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in an Adult-health Nursing Course: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Fan Jun-Yu , Tseng Ying-Jung , Chao Li-Fen , Chen Shiah-Lian , Jane Sui-Whi
Published: November 2019

Background New teaching strategies must be developed not only to enhance nurse’s competence but also to allow nurses to respond to the complex health care needs of today’s society. The purpose of this study was to explore the learning outcomes of a flipped classroom teaching approach in an adult-health nursing course for students in a two-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.Methods The study was a quasi-experimental design. An 18-week flipped classroom teaching approach was applied in an adult-health nursing course. In total, 485 nursing students enrolled in the study, with 287 assigned to an experimental group and 198 to a control group. The Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale, Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, and self-designed learning satisfaction questionnaire were used to evaluate the students’ learning outcomes.Results The experimental group did show that there were statistically significant increases in overall scores for self-evaluated core competencies, the “self-modification” subscale of the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, and in overall self-directed learning readiness; further, they also showed high levels of course satisfaction.Conclusions A flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student’s learning motivation and contributed to better learning outcomes in an adult-health nursing course. The flipped classroom combined with hybrid teaching methods is a suitable and effective learning strategy for an RN-to-BSN program for today’s complex revolution in nursing curricula, and may enhance nursing students’ abilities to address numerous challenges.
Persistent frequent attenders in primary care: case-control study comparing chronic diseases of five-year and one-year frequent attenders and features of the typical five-year frequent attenders
Authors: Santalahti Anne , Luutonen Sinikka H. , Vahlberg Tero J. , Rautava Päivi T.
Published: November 2019

Background Persistent frequent attenders have 10 or more face-to-face visits to a general practitioner (GP) within one year and they continue frequent visits for two years or more. It seems that GPs don´t recognize their persistent frequent attenders. These patients can cause frustration for GPs and furthermore patients don`t seem to get the needed help from GPs. We wanted to find out typical features of persistent frequent attenders and thus help GPs to recognize these patients and even to foresee which patients will most probably become persistent attenders in the future. Methods We used the data of 4,392 frequent attenders (FAs) from the primary healthcare centers of the study city in 2001-2006. The five-year FAs formed the study group. Patient record entries of them were scrutinized and the background variables recorded. The background variables were described in terms of means and standard deviations or frequencies and percentages. Chronic diagnoses in the study group were compared to those of the control group. The control group was randomly selected from the group of the one-year frequent attenders in 2001–2006. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare chronic diagnoses between groups. Results Out of 4,392 FAs in 2001- 2006 19.4% were FAs during two years and 1.1% during five years. In the study group, there were 65% women and 35% men and the gender distribution remained equal throughout the whole follow-up period. Their average age was 51.7 year. The study group had 15.3 self-initiated visits to a GP annually and had significantly more depression (p=0.004), epilepsy (p=0.035), heart failure (p=0.019), asthma (p=0.032), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, p=0.036) and back pain/lumbago (p=0.046) compared to the control group. Patients in the study group were referred to secondary care, on average, 20.1 times per person. Conclusion We found out that a typical persistent frequent attender was a woman at the age of 55 who had depression, low back pain, heart failure, asthma or COPD. When a GP notices this kind of a patient it might be wisdom to have extra effort with the patient and make a follow-up and treatment plan together.
Different effects of Wnt/β-catenin activation and PTH activation in adult and aged male mice metaphyseal fracture healing
Authors: Liu Daocheng , Qin Hao , Yang Jiazhi , Yang Lei , He Sihao , Chen Sixu , Bao Quanwei , Zhao Yufeng , Zong Zhaowen
Published: November 2019

Background: Fractures in older men are not uncommon and need to be healed as soon as possible to avoid related complications. Anti-osteoporotic drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin and PTH (parathyroid hormone) to promote fracture healing have become an important direction in recent years. Objective: Observe whether there is a difference in adult and aged situations by activating two signal paths. Methods: A single cortical hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm was made in the femoral metaphysis of Catnblox(ex3) mice and wild-type mice. The fracture healing effects of CA(Wnt/β-catenin activation) and PTH (activated by tamoxifen and PTH (1–34) injections) were assessed by X-ray and CT imaging on days 7, 14, and 21 after fracture. The mRNA levels of β-catenin, PTH1R(Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor), and RUNX2(Runt-related transcription factor 2) in the fracture defect area were detected using RT-PCR. Angiogenesis and osteoblasts were observed by immunohistochemistry and osteoclasts were observed by TRAP (Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase). Result: Adult CA mice and adult PTH mice showed slightly better fracture healing than adult wild-type (WT) mice, but there was no statistical difference. Aged CA mice showed better promotion of angiogenesis and osteoblasts and better fracture healing than aged PTH mice. Conclusion: The application of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drugs for fracture healing in elderly patients may bring better early effects than PTH signaling pathway drugs, but the long-term effects need to be observed.