bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN TANAH DALAM MENAHAN AIR PADA BERBAGAI KELERENGAN LAHAN KOPI DI DAERAH SUMBERMANJING WETAN, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Faiz Awal Maulana , Prijono Sugeng
Published: July 2021

Water is a natural resource that is very important because its existence is needed for living things, including plants that need water for their growth and development. The availability of water in the soil has different amounts because it is influenced by various soil properties in the land. Land that has a sloping ground surface, the movement of water that enters the ground does not only move vertically as in land that has a flat surface but also laterally is parallel to the sloping land surface and moves down the slope. The first land has a slope percentage of 6%, the second has a slope of 13%, the third has a slope of 23%, and the fourth has a slope of 37%. The study consisted of 4 treatments for different levels of a land slope, and nine replication points were carried out. The results of this study indicated that the difference in the level of slope in each land had an effect on the water content in the soil at a depth of 40-60 cm; the higher the percentage of the slope of the land reduced the availability of groundwater. Specific gravity, porosity, and soil meso pore had a significant effect on the soil water content with a positive correlation direction, meaning that the higher the density, porosity, and soil meso pores, the more water available in the soil. Macro pores and soil micro pores had a significant effect on soil water content with a negative correlation, meaning that the higher the macro pores and soil micro pores will reduce the available water in the soil.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK TANAMAN NANAS DI DAS MIKRO SUPITURUNG KECAMATAN PLOSOKLATEN KABUPATEN KEDIRI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Shabrina Sarah Nur , Rayes Mochtar Lutfi , Agustina Christanti
Published: July 2021

Fruit plants in Kediri Regency are classified as having good economic potential, one of which is pineapple. Pineapple plants in Kediri Regency have differences in productivity in each sub-district. The results of interviews with local farmers indicated that the Supiturung Micro Watersheds in Plosoklaten District had low pineapple productivity and were not yet optimal. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors causing differences and less optimal productivity of pineapples in the Supiturung Micro Watersheds and analyze the land suitability assessment of pineapple plants in the region. This study used a survey method with a physiographic approach to 10 Land Map Units (LMU) and determined 20 observation points as representatives. Data analysis was performed through correlation and multiple regression tests with the stepwise method to determine the land characteristics that most significantly affected pineapple productivity. Modification of the suitability class and modification of the criteria was carried out utilizing boundary line analysis, with class boundaries according to FAO (1976), namely class S1 (80-100%), S2 (60-80%), S3 (40-60%), and N (<40%) of the potential productivity. The land suitability evaluation results of pineapple plants in the Supiturung Micro Watersheds were included in land suitability classes S2, S3, and N. Based on the stepwise method analysis, the texture is a significant characteristic affecting the productivity of pineapples (p <0.05) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.838. The modification of land suitability criteria with boundary line analysis resulted in changes in one land characteristic, namely soil texture S2, S3, and N. Initially, the rough class included in the N class was changed to S2 level along with the slightly rough level.
MORFOLOGI DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH PADA TOPOSEKUEN LERENG BARAT GUNUNG KELUD, KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Delfianto Rizki , Rayes Mochtar Lutfi , Agustina Christanti
Published: July 2021

The research that was conducted from April to December 2020 in the Supiturung Micro-Watershed, located on the western slope of Mount Kelud, Kediri was aimed to study the morphological characteristics and soil classification using a topo-sequence approach. Four pedons were observed across the physiographic positions (upper, middle and lower slopes) on dry-land farming land use. The method used in this research included 8 stages, namely the preparation stage, pre-survey, map making, field observations, laboratory analysis, soil classification, data processing, and reporting. On the field, cross-sectional profiles were carried out on four selected pedons by testing the soil profile measuring 1 x 1 meter with a depth of 150-200 cm, followed by soil horizon, soil thickness, texture, structure, consistency, effective depth, type and number of pores, as well as other characteristics. Soil samples were collected from the genetic horizon of the pedons for being analyzed using standard procedures, then taken to the laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis. Soil morphology with physicochemical properties was then classified based on the Keys Taxonomy of Soil to the Sub Group level. The results showed that each pedon has a different Sub Group. This condition can be caused by many factors, such as differences in epipedon thickness, base saturation values, organic C levels, and other morphological conditions at the time of direct observation. Four pedons have lithologic discontinuities, recognition of these types of lithologic changes is important because pedogenesis and pedogenic interpretations are greatly influenced by changes in the parent material.
PENGARUH VERMIKOMPOS ABU TERBANG BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN CACING TANAH Eisenia fetida TERHADAP KANDUNGAN N, P, K, DAN Pb
Authors: Aryonugroho Alfarizky , Lestari Nina Dwi
Published: July 2021

The plan to build a coal-fired steam power plant is expected to increase. One of the wastes generated from coal-fired steam power plants is coal fly ash. The accumulation of coal fly ash can cause environmental pollution such as soil and groundwater pollution in the storage location. Vermicompost can be used for managing coal fly ash by utilizing earthworms as decomposers. Earthworms can increase the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and reduce the solubility of lead contained in coal fly ash. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vermicompost using earthworm Eisenia fetida on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and lead in coal fly ash. The study consisted of five treatments, with a total weight of 3 kg coal fly ash each. The results showed that mixing cow dung in vermicomposting of coal fly ash significantly increased N, P, K and decreased Pb in vermicompost.
Transartes, arte expandida e novas linguagens
Authors: Pinto-Coelho Zara
Published: July 2021

Assistimos, hoje, a uma elasticidade no mundo das artes sem precedentes, ao mais ousado experimentalismo de novas técnicas, novas linguagens, a práticas e processos que desafiam os limites disciplinares pré-estabelecidos, com efeitos inesperados. Arte e natureza, arte e vida, arte e não-arte justapõem-se, entrelaçam-se, elidem-se mutuamente. Discernir e compreender as transformações operadas na arte contemporânea e designadamente a transdisciplinaridade, carece de uma visão mais ampla, capaz de extrapolar, e de assim enquadrar, o entendimento do campo artístico. Mais do que uma combinação, aquilo que diferencia a transdisciplinaridade é a atitude, abordagem e necessidade de incursão para lá dos limites da disciplina de partida e o retorno a algo singular, sem igual. Este livro expressa bem as intersticialidades que caraterizam a arte contemporânea e pretende contribuir para o alargamento dos horizontes do debate sobre os limites do ser da arte e da vida.
Degradation of carbon reinforced epoxy composites under sliding in ambient air
Authors: Dhieb H. , Buijnsters J.G. , Celis J.P.
Published: July 2021

For many technical applications friction and wear are critical issues. Polymer compositesreinforced by different components are currently widely used in various automotive and aerospaceapplications as well as structural engineering. However, the degradation of such composite materials infretting contacts leads to change and loss of the material in use and the contact behaviour of thesematerials depend on the counter body, reinforcements, and operation time. In this paper, the wear andcoefficient of friction of bulk epoxy and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite have been investigatedunder reciprocating sliding against alumina and stainless steel balls in ambient air. The effect of slidingdirection with respect to the long and unidirectional carbon fibers has been studied. The coefficient offriction measured for the bulk epoxy against stainless steel and alumina is around 0.65, whereas the valuesmeasured for the epoxy reinforced with carbon fibers are significantly lower. It was found that sliding withstainless steel in a direction parallel to the fiber orientation results in a lower coefficient of friction thanunder sliding in anti parallel direction. The reduced wear volume of the composite is largely influenced bythe carbon fiber reinforcement due the auto-protecting film formed on the contact area.
Investigation of friction hysteresis using a laboratory-scale tribometer
Authors: Neis Patric Daniel , De Baets Patrick , Perez Delgado Yeczain , Ferreira N.F.
Published: July 2021

The current paper addresses the characterization of dynamic friction by using a laboratory-scaletribometer. A special post-processing script in MatLab has been developed in order to analyse the datafrom the experiments. A sine wave signal for the velocity is imposed, with three different frequencies and,consequently, acceleration and deceleration rates. A friction material from brakes, with nominal contactarea of 254 mm², was subjected to sliding against a commercially available brake disc (gray cast iron, diameter of 256 mm). Some technical details and adjustments from the designed tribometer are showed and the results from the experiments are discussed. A friction hysteresis has been observed for all experimental curves, which exhibit loops in elliptical shape. A negative slope has been encoThe current paper addresses the characterization of dynamic friction by using a laboratory-scaletribometer. A special post-processing script in MatLab has been developed in order to analyse the datafrom the experiments. A sine wave signal for the velocity is imposed, with three different frequencies and,consequently, acceleration and deceleration rates. A friction material from brakes, with nominal contactarea of 254 mm², was subjected to sliding against a commercially available brake disc (gray cast iron,diameter of 256 mm). Some technical details and adjustments from the designed tribometer are showedand the results from the experiments are discussed. A friction hysteresis has been observed for allexperimental curves, which exhibit loops in elliptical shape. A negative slope has been encountered for thecurves when the imposed frequency is 1 Hz and 2 Hz, while for the highest frequency (4 Hz) the slope ispositive. The laboratory-scale tribometer, associated to the post-processing stage, is capable tosuccessfully be used to characterize friction hysteresis effect. untered for the curves when the imposed frequency is 1 Hz and 2 Hz, while for the highest frequency (4 Hz) the slope is positive. The laboratory-scale tribometer, associated to the post-processing stage, is capable to successfully be used to characterize friction hysteresis effect.
Improving the Follow-up Rate for Pediatric Patients (0-16 years) of an Eye Hospital in Nepal: Protocol for a Public Health Intervention Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Bhandari Gopal , Rathi Suresh Kumar , Gudlavalleti Anirudh Gaurang , Pandey Binod , Ghimire Ramesh , Ale Daman , Kayastha Sajani , Chaudhary Daya Shankar , Byanju Raghunandan ,   Operational Research Capacity Building Study Group
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The follow-up of pediatric patients ensures regular ocular morbidity monitoring and better treatment outcome. Hiralal Santudevi Pradhan Institute of Ophthalmic Science (Bharatpur Eye Hospital [BEH]) noticed that the follow-up rate was only 22% among its pediatric patients. Several factors like lack of awareness and forgetfulness among patients may contribute to a lower number of follow-up visits. Therefore, BEH decided to find if counseling and reminders through SMS text messaging and phone calls would improve the follow-up rates.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the impact of interventions like counseling and reminder SMS text messaging and phone calls in improving the follow-up rate of pediatric patients.

METHODS

This is a public health intervention study being conducted using quantitative analysis. All children (0-16 years) with ocular conditions requiring at least 3 follow-up visits in the study period will be included. In all, 264 participants will be allocated to 3 groups: routine standard care, counseling, and reminders with SMS text messaging and phone calls. In counseling, patients will take part in 20-minute counseling sessions with trained counselors at each visit, and information leaflets will be provided to them. In the reminder SMS text messaging and phone call group, patients will receive an SMS text message 3 days prior and a phone call 1 day prior to their scheduled visits. Patients attending within 2 days of the scheduled date will be considered compliant to follow-up. The proportion of patients completing all the follow-up visits in each group will be assessed. Informed consent will be taken from parents and children. Univariate and multivariate analyses will be conducted.

RESULTS

The ethical approval for this study has been obtained from the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of Nepal Health Research Council (ERB protocol registration #761/2020 P). The data collection was initiated on January, 24, 2021, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as of September 2021, we have only been able to enroll 154 of the planned 264 participants (58.3% of the sample size).

CONCLUSIONS

This study will reliably document not only the factors associated with follow-up rate through an intervention package (counseling and reminders through SMS text messaging and phone calls) but also the cost effectiveness of the intervention package, which can be applied in all the departments of the hospital.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04837534; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04837534

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/31578
transformation of the case system in African Latin as evidenced in inscriptions
Authors: Adamik Béla
Published: July 2021

Present paper intends to explore the process of the transformation of the case system as evidenced in the inscriptions of the Roman provinces Africa Proconsularis and Numidia. First the peculiarities of the transformation of the case system in African Latin in the preChristian and Christian periods will be analysed. Then the African distributional patterns of case system changes will be compared to those of other regions of the Empire selected for the survey including Spain, Gaul (including Germany), Italy, Illyricum, and the city of Rome. Finally, the results of the present analysis, especially those regarding the dialectological positioning of Roman Africa, will be compared with the results of the investigation of Gaeng 1992 regarding the later, Christian period.
Myth and philosophy: The Great Sinner’s topos in Ovid, Lucretius and Seneca
Authors: Martorana Simona
Published: July 2021

In my paper I examine the occurrence of a repeated pattern, namely the catalogue of the so-called Great Sinners, in the work of three Latin authors: Ovid, Lucretius and Seneca. Through the hermeneutical category of (external) intertextuality, the paper explores how the same Leitmotiv is profitably employed by different authors across diverse genres and contexts, changing certain features while retaining the same core. Specifically, it will be shown that these Latin writers drew the list of the Great Sinners from previous sources, but that they also adapted the catalogue to the content and patterns of their own works. Finally, it is noted that these three occurrences of the catalogue should be seen more generally as a specimen for the process of imitatio/aemulatio of previous traditions brought forth by classical writers.
role of archaisms in the Latin inscriptions of the Roman Empire: some new considerations in light of computerized dialectology
Authors: Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to reconsider the role of archaisms in epigraphy and, above all, their possible dialectal value. Indeed, according to a traditional theory, provinces that were colonized earlier by the Romans preserved archaic varieties of Latin. Scholars have often used inscriptions to support this idea, particularly in the case of Hispania, but the results of this paper, which rely on the methodology of modern Computerized Dialectology, are negative in this regard.
Minitrae Et Numini Eius. A Celtic Deity and the Vulgar Latin in Aquincum
Authors: Vágási Tünde
Published: July 2021

The subject of this paper is a curious and somewhat problematic inscription on an altar from Aquincum. Among the many features of this inscription that are interesting for our study, the most striking one is the beginning of the text: the name of the god or goddess is controversial. Who exactly was Minitra? A Celtic goddess, or someone much better known from Roman religious life? According to Géza Alföldy, the native gods of Pannonia were venerated still in the 3rd century A.D., including Teutates, Sedatus, Ciniaemus and Minitra, etc. Since the inscription in question contains many vulgar Latin phenomena, it becomes questionable whether the name of the deity is written correctly, especially because, while the names of classical gods rarely appear misspelled, the names of the gods of so-called ‘eastern’ cults and mystery religions appear in a number of faulty variations. I will try to identify the deity through the analysis of Vulgar Latin phenomena.
Fleeing Sisters: the Golden Age in Juvenal 6
Authors: Gellérfi Gergő
Published: July 2021

The opening of Juvenal’s longest and maybe the most well-known poem, Satire 6, is based on the ancient concept of the “Ages of Man”, starting from the reign of Saturn and ending with the flight of the two sisters, Pudicitia and Astraea. The first part of this 24-line-long passage depicts the Golden Age by making use of two different sources: the idealized Golden Age appearing in Vergil’s poetry among others and the prehistoric primitive world from Book 5 of Lucretius. The Juvenalian Golden Age, presented briefly in a naturalistic way, is a curious amalgam of these two traditions, being the only time in human history according to the poet when marital fidelity was unblemished. However, while reading Satire 6, it seems far from obvious that the lack of adultery should be attributed to higher morals.
On the Manuscript(s) of Lazius’ Description of Transylvania
Authors: Csapó Fanni
Published: July 2021

The upsurge of cosmographical and geographical literature can be seen in humanist circles from the 14th century onwards. Beside chorography, the encomium of towns and cities was also a popular genre; some elements of ethnography, natural, economic and political geography were also built into the histography. A century later, this tendency reached Hungary and the social aspiration to presentation of the country appeared in Hungary too. Owing to these factors, chorography of Hungary was written by Miklós Oláh; humanist historians (for instance Antonio Bonfini) also incorporeted geographical digression into their work. Not only descriptions of Hungary, but some geographical descriptions of Transilvania were made in the second half of the 16th century; one of these was written by a 16 th century Viennese humanist polyhistor, Wolfgang Lazius. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the three textual variants of the manuscript of the Transylvania-description by Lazius, to explore their relationship to each other, and to establish their order of composition.
Religious Vocabulary in Demosthenes’ Speech Against Timocrates
Authors: Seres Dániel
Published: July 2021

In this study I argue that the words “ἱερόσυλος” (temple-robber) and “κατάρατος” (accursed) are key elements in Demosthenes’ speech against Timocrates. In both cases, I argue that in this speech elements of religious vocabulary are clearly used: Demosthenes legitimately and convincingly uses such strong expressions against his opponents. As these words rarely occur in texts of the classical period, I shell examine in parallel the prose texts of the fifth to third centuries BC, furthermore the epigraphical sources and the dramas, which are the primary requirements to understanding the role of these words in argument.
CIL III 9527 as Evidence of Spoken Latin in the Sixth-century Dalmatia
Authors: Kunčer Dragana
Published: July 2021

The epitaph of Priest Iohannes (CIL III 9527, Salona, August 13, 599 or AD 603) is one of the few inscriptions from the sixth-century Salona, which can be dated with precision. It is also one of the rare inscriptions from Dalmatia of this period, which mention a person (proconsul Marcellinus) known from other sources (Registrum epistularum of Pope Gregory the Great). However, its linguistic importance seems to be summarized in the remark of its most recent editor Nancy Gauthier (2010) that the language of the epitaph reflects the features of Latin spoken in Dalmatia at the time (“la langue vivante”). The aim of this paper was to check the plausibility of this statement by comparing the Vulgar Latin features in the inscription with the results of research on Latin in late Dalmatia. Also, a new interpretation of the word obsis l. 13 is proposed.
Remarks on Vowel Deletion in Latin Inscriptions From Sardinia
Authors: Tamponi Lucia
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This paper focuses on the frequency of vowel deletion in a corpus containing the available Latin inscriptions from Sardinia. The frequency of the phenomenon has been examined with reference to the amount of other deviant spellings displayed in the epigraphic texts, the dating and the type of the inscriptions involved. The results of the analysis show a very low frequency of vowel deletion in the inscriptions from the island, which is consistent with the Romance evolution of the Sardinian varieties. In particular, late syncope is infrequent, especially when its relative frequency is compared with that provided for other areas of the Empire. Therefore, though it is possible to find a correlation between the data from Latin inscriptions and Romance, our results reinforce the conclusions put forward by Adamik,1 according to which the allegedly high frequency of syncope in late Latin and the assumption of a pan-Romance core of Romance syncope is not supported by inscriptional evidence.
Opportunities and prospects for Russian-Tajik trade and investment cooperation
Authors: Dadabaeva Zarina A.
Published: July 2021

In todays world, small and economically weak States find it difficult to develop without the assistance of international partners. Analysis shows that trade relations between Russia and Tajikistan are developing in a mixed manner. Their structure is characterized by some one-sidedness and raw material orientation. Exports from Russia predominate, and Russian products occupy a stable first place in the overall trade turnover of Tajikistan. While Tajik export goods are not so much in demand in Russia, their share in the total Russian trade turnover is insignificant. Russian investment activity, which was active in the zero years of the 21st century, is gradually losing its position. The study shows that this has been facilitated more by the internal-Tajik factor, in particular the sharp deterioration of the investment climate for Russian investors. But, in the authors opinion, the potential for successful trade and investment cooperation between Russia and Tajikistan is quite wide. Ecologically clean and of good quality fresh fruit and vegetables and dried fruit from Tajikistan could, under certain conditions, diversify the Russian market for agricultural products. In turn, the Tajik economy needs new technologies in telecommunications, the agricultural sector, the digitization of all sectors of the economy, and assistance in the construction of hydroelectric power stations, new power lines, roads and railways.
Modern exchange rate formation in a resource-oriented economy: the institutional dimension
Authors: Bunevich Konstantin G. , Gorbacheva Tatiana A.
Published: July 2021

There is an increasing need for in-depth theoretical and applied studies of the essence, structure and features of the formation of the exchange rate, the development of the mechanism of currency regulation in the Russian Federation, determining the degree of state regulation of currency relations, including due to the introduction of currency restrictions, clarifying the main criteria for the effectiveness of their application, as well as developing directions for improving the mechanism of currency regulation in the conditions of post-crisis economic development. The main purpose of this article was to consider the peculiarities of the formation of the exchange rate in a resource-oriented economy, which includes the Russian economy. The article uses general scientific methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as a systematic approach to the study of information. The value of the exchange rate for the economy is indicated. The main indicators of exchange rates and the main groups of factors affecting the exchange rate of the national currency are described.
Impact of changes in economic pressures on the activities of foreign oil and gas companies in Venezuela
Authors: Chadaeva Elmira A. , Ojeda Kalluni Elvis
Published: July 2021

The article discusses several new laws in the oil and gas sector of Venezuela, which appeared at the beginning of the 21st century. It also presents the tax regimes in this area of the country and the types of tax and economic burdens that apply to these regimes; highlights the main problematic aspects of changes in tax legislation and the consequences on the activities of foreign companies and the development of the oil and gas sector of the country as a result of such changes. It is concluded that the increase in state revenues not solve the problem of attracting investments in the oil and gas sector of the country, and only scare off a large company in the future (Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips have left the Venezuelan market), resulting in a fall in production at the country, its government revenues, and then slowing down economic growth in the country. As an alternative approach to improving state regulation and the conduct of the oil business in the country, the options for improving this situation are presented: to increase the share of foreign companies in strategic partnerships; review the tax system for oil companies; allow some programs to be implemented directly by foreign companies; and propose new distribution and profitability schemes that will adapt to the current international hydrocarbon market.
Theoretical Investigation on Biological Activity of Imidazole Derivatives [Carbenzim, Mebendazole] by using (DFT) and (PM3) Methods
Authors:   Industrial Research and Development Authority, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraq, Tuma Musa Amar , Abaid Khalida ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2021

The theoretical study represents an essential preliminary stage for the start of any industry, as it gives a theoretical description of the properties of compounds (chemical, physical and biological properties)without conducting research to find out about this and the least cost. Through the theoretical study, we extract a clear picture of the chemical compounds before starting to manufacture them to know the extent of their impact on human health and their chemical and biological effectiveness. Using the Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) with base 6-311G,throughGaussian 09 program, the optimize geometry,(bond lengths, angles bond)and vibrational spectra was calculated of the benzimidazole derivatives [Carbenzim (CZM), Mebendazole (MBZ)].Through orbital charts of HOMO and LUMO to study electronic properties. The HOMO-LUMO gap was also evaluated for chemical reactivity and determination of global reactivity descriptors (Hardness (),Softness (S), Electrophilicity(), Chemical potential(),Electronegativity(χ))] that defines compunds effectiveness and the their biological activities. In addition, (QSAR) data has been used to develop relationships between biological activities and thermophysical properties of chemicals, through the Hyper Chem8.0programbyusingSemi-empirical(SE)method at the (PM3) level. The LOG P value was calculated, binding energy, Polarizability, hydration energy, surface area, and electrostatic potential energy difference of two level.
Blend Modified Polymers (Polyethersulfone, Expandable Polystyrene, Polyvenylidinefluride) as a Membrane for Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Al-Taie Zainab , Salih Shihab Mehdi ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Allami Shrok ,   Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2021

In this work membrane (proton exchange membrane) by using the blend polymers (polyethersulfone (PES), Expandable polystyrene (EPS), polyvenylidinefluride polymer (PVDF)) were prepared. This membrane was modified by adding organic sulfonic acid to the blend solution precasting process, and sulfonated by dipping it in diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO460%) post casting process. The sulfonation was confirmed via FTIR spectra. The sulfonated membrane was characterized by proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC), (SO3H)content, and water uptake. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is characterized by electrochemical polarization tests and power densities obtained from it used to evaluate the efficiency of the membrane in the cell.
Solving Two Dimensional Coupled Burger's Equations and Sine-Gordon Equation Using El-Zaki Transform-Variational Iteration Method
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Computer Applications, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Al-Tai Marwa , Al-Fayadh Ali ,   Iraqi Ministry of Education, Second General Directorate of Education Al-Karkh in Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the combined form of the Elzaki transform and variation iteration method is implemented efficiently in finding the analytical and numerical solutions of the two-dimensional nonlinear coupled Burger's partial differential equations and sine-Gordon partial differential equation. The obtained solutions were compared to the exact solutions and other existing methods. Illustrative examples show the efficiency and the power of the used method.
Classification of Plants Leaf Diseases using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Mohammed Jasim Al-Akkam Reem , Sahib Mahdi Altaei Mohammed ,   Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is one of the most important professions in many countries, including Iraq, as the Iraqi financial system depends on agricultural production and great attention should be paid to concerns about agricultural production. Because plants are exposed to many diseases and monitoring plant diseases with the help of specialists in the agricultural region can be very expensive. There is a need for a system capable of automatically detecting diseases. The aim of the research proposed is to create a model that classifies and predicts leaf diseases in plants. This model is based on a convolution network, which is a kind of deep learning. The dataset used in this study called (Plant Village) was downloaded from the kaggle website. The dataset contains 34,934 RGB images, and the deep CNN model can efficiently classify 15 different classes of healthy and diseased plants using the leaf images. The model used techniques to augment data and dropout. The Soft max output layer was used with the categorical cross-entropy loss function to apply the CNN model proposed with the Adam optimization technique. The results obtained by the proposed model were 97.42% in the training phase and 96.18% in the testing phase.
Medical Image Denoising Via Matrix Norm Minimization Problems
Authors:   Computer science Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Abd-Alzahra Zainab , Al-Sarray Basad ,   Computer science Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the matrix completion problem for image denoising. Three problems based on matrix norm are performing: Spectral norm minimization problem (SNP), Nuclear norm minimization problem (NNP), and Weighted nuclear norm minimization problem (WNNP). In general, images representing by a matrix this matrix contains the information of the image, some information is irrelevant or unfavorable, so to overcome this unwanted information in the image matrix, information completion is used to comperes the matrix and remove this unwanted information. The unwanted information is handled by defining {0,1}-operator under some threshold. Applying this operator on a given matrix keeps the important information in the image and removing the unwanted information by solving the matrix completion problem that is defined by P. The quadratic programming use to solve the given three norm-based minimization problems. To improve the optimal solution a weighted exponential is used to compute the weighted vector of spectral that use to improve the threshold of optimal low rank that getting from solving the nuclear norm and spectral norm problems. The result of applying the proposed method on different types of images is given by adopting some metrics. The results showed the ability of the given methods.
Talent Management and The Journey Towards Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment In South Korea
Authors: Yurdagul Esin
Published: July 2021

Lack of gender equality affects talent management. The journey towards gender equality can be achieved through diversity, inclusion, and empowerment which is a continuous process, according to the International Labour Organization. This paper examines the importance and significance of achieving gender equality in South Korea through diversity, inclusion, and empowerment in public as well as private sector organisations which are shaped by a strict form of Confucianism. The impact of this on talent management in the country is then assessed.
Islamic Banks: History, Stability and Lessons from Cooperative Banking
Authors: Gulzar Rosana , Ibrahim Mansor H. , Ariff Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Islamic banking’s profit-maximising fervour, building upon the use of interest-resembling products, has raised concerns about its Shariah authenticity and financial stability. While early Islamic economists envisioned an industry built on values of mutuality and participation, architects of Islamic banking have chosen to replicate interest-based conventional banking for the purpose of fast growth. This study has two objectives. First, to narrate the history of Islamic banking, from the theories postulated to the beginnings of the industry. This builds an understanding of why ‘Islamic’ banking operates as it does currently, which has implications for Shariah compliance and financial stability. It is suggested that the mimicking of conventional banks may cause instability since unlike commercial banks, ‘Islamic’ banks face Shariah constraints. This leads to the second objective, which is to analyse the cooperative banking model, which has been described as the closest theoretical model to Islamic banking. Specifically, this study focuses on the model in Europe which, despite its challenges, has managed to silence critics in the way it contributes to communal welfare and financial stability, especially during credit crunches when commercial banks are known to retreat from markets. This first study of a functioning cooperative banking model, in the context of Islamic banking, may thus offer lessons for Islamic banking reform.
MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY’S AWARENESS OF ECOSYSTEMS IN SETIU WETLAND
Authors: Aziz Nazli , Yien Lua Wei , Ghazali Farahdilah , Abd. Rasid Nor Hafzan , Idris Izwandy , Wan Talaat Wan Izatul Asma
Published: July 2021

Many wetlands have experienced rapid degradation that is due to unstainable development practices globally. Oftentimes, uncoordinated economic development plans in wetlands and surrounding areas have affected the ecological functions of these sensitive ecosystems. This study examined Setiu Wetland, a wetland with diverse ecosystems on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The main objective of this study was to analyse the potential of marine spatial planning (MSP) to be adopted there. MSP is an integrated coastal zone management tool to govern conflicting uses of an area considering environmental sustainably. Like other coastal zone managements adopted in Southeast Asia, MSP requires participation and awareness of the local community to ensure sustainable development targets are achieved. This paper addresses the local community’s awareness of the ecosystem importance of Setiu Wetland and the socio-economic activities in the area. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method to examine, in particular, the local community’s awareness of the oyster habitat that has a direct impact on the Setiu Wetland ecosystems. The research findings indicate that awareness of the importance of oyster habitats to the wetland ecosystems is high among the local community. The community strongly supports the idea of protecting and preserving the wetland to ensure the healthy functioning of ecosystems.
PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION OF MARICULTURE AREA IN SUNGAI UDANG, PENANG, MALAYSIA, THE NORTHERN STRAIT OF MALACCA
Authors: Mohd Razali Roziawati , A. Rahim Masazurah , Ku Yaacob Ku Kassim
Published: July 2021

A study was conducted in the marine finfish cage culture area in Sungai Udang, Penang, at the northern part of the Malacca Straits to examine the phytoplankton composition and abundance especially for potentially harmful phytoplankton. Monthly sampling were taken from March 2016 to January 2017 at nine sampling stations. Physio-chemical parameters of surface seawater such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, and nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate) were also measured. A total of 54 phytoplankton taxa were recorded, with 37 genera belonged to diatoms, 15 of dinoflagellates, and 2 of cyanobacteria. The composition of phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms (>85%) at all sampling stations throughout the sampling period. The phytoplankton abundance ranged between 2.6×103 cells L-1 and 5.8×106 cells L-1. The potentially harmful toxic phytoplankton observed throughout the sampling period are dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp., Prorocentrum micans and Dinophysis caudata and diatoms, Pseudo-nitzchia spp but in low cell density. A total of six bloom-forming phytoplankton that can potentially trigger mass mortality of cultured fish such as Akashiwo sanguinea, Chaetoceros spp., Ceratium furca, Ceratium fusus, Margalefidinium spp. and Karlodinium spp. recorded at this area were relatively low in cell densities. Furthermore, no fish kill incident was reported in the area from blooms of phytoplankton during the period of study. Even though potentially harmful phytoplankton present were in low densities, they may pose significant risks to aquaculture activity if there is a sudden bloom. Hence, a monitoring program should be implemented to provide early warning of harmful algae blooms and safeguard the aquaculture industry in Sungai Udang, Penang.
MODELLING OF INTRADAY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PRODUCTION
Authors: Ibrahim Noor ‘Adilah
Published: July 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) productions should occur within a time interval of sunlight. Time mismatches are detected between sunrise and first production hour as well as sunset and last production hour in a transmission system operator, Amprion, Germany. Hence, in this paper, we investigate this effect using an additive function of two seasonalities and a stochastic process. Both seasonalities are based on the mimicked locations, corrected by a weighing scale, depending on the first and last production hours' coordinates. The result shows that the proposed deterministic model could capture the effect of sunrise and sunset. Also, the dynamics of random components are sufficiently explained by an autoregressive process of order two. Finally, the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution is shown as the best distribution in explaining noise behaviour, particularly heavy tails in the production's residuals, compared to the Gaussian distribution.
Datação por traços de fissão e geocronologia do Plio-Quaternário
Authors: Poupeau Gerard , LE BOURDONNEC François-Xavier , Vignol-Lelarge Maria Lidia , DORIGHEL Olivier
Published: July 2021

A datação por traços de fissão aplicada em estudos do Plio-Quaternário é pouco conhecida no Brasil. O objetivo principal do presente manuscrito, redigido em língua portuguesa, é apresentar e fazer ampla divulgação das potencialidades desta metodologia aos pesquisadores que atuam nesse domínio temporal das ciências da natureza no nosso país. Para tal são apresentados detalhadamente todos os aspectos da datação por Traços de Fissão. São abordados os princípios básicos da datação por Traços de Fissão, a equação da idade, precisão e acurácia, as técnicas analíticas utilizadas em função das particularidades e natureza dos materiais, suas limitações assim como os casos de sucesso. Também são apresentados diversos estudos de caso com exemplos de utilização da metodologia nas variadas áreas de aplicação de pesquisas do Plio-Quaternário, inclusive em arqueologia.
Analisis Kontras Digital Radiography Dengan Menggunakan ImageJ
Authors: Labania Hosiana MD , P. Rindayani  , Kasman  , Abd. Rahman  , S. Ulum
Published: July 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis kontras digital radiography dengan menggunakan ImageJ di RSUD Madani Palu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas citra radiograf pada digital radiography dengan menganalis menggunakan ImageJ. Penelitian ini menggunakan koin aluminium sebagai obyek untuk memperlihatkan perbedaan derajat keabuan pada radiografi dengan focus film distance (FFD) 100 cm dan luas lapangan penyinaran 26 x 22 cm2. Kondisi penyinaran diberikan dengan faktor eksposi meliputi variasi tegangan tabung sebesar 60 kVp, 65 kVp, 70 kVp dan 75 kVp dengan arus waktunya sebesar 16 mAs, 20 mAs dan 25 mAs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi tegangan (kVp) maka nilai kontras dan SNR cenderung menurun dan sebaliknya nilai kontras dan SNR cenderung meningkat pada penggunaan arus waktu yang semakin tinggi. Kualitas citra yang optimal memiliki nilai signal to noise ratio (SNR) dan kontras yang tinggi pada tegangan 60 kVp dan arus serta waktu penyinaran 20 mAs.
The effects of the conditioned medium of fetal neural cell culture on the apoptosis in the rat brain after traumatic brain injury
Authors:   A. P. Romodanov State Institute of Neurosurgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lisyany M. , Govbakh I. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Belska L. ,   A. P. Romodanov State Institute of Neurosurgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tsupykov O. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine; State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Palamarova A. ,   A. P. Romodanov State Institute of Neurosurgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2021

A promising treatment method of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be stem cell therapy. However, the question of the nature and mechanisms of action of humoral factors produced by stem cells on apoptotic and reparative processes in the brain after trauma remains open. The purpose of the study was to research the effect of conditioned media of fetal neural cell cultures on the number of apoptotic cells in the cortex and subcortical structures of the rat brain after TBI. Materials and methods. TBI was modelled by dropping a metal cylinder on rat's head. Rat fetuses (E17-18) brain was used to obtain cultures of neural stem/progenitor cells. Conditioned media from cell cultures with high adhesive properties (HA-CM) and low adhesive properties (LA-CM) were used to treat the experimental TBI in rats. The presence of p53-positive cells in the cortex and subcortical structures was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections showed that on the 5th day after TBI in rats there was an increase in the number of p53-positive cells in both the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. Injection of HA-CM and LA-CM to animals on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th days after TBI was found to reduce the number of p53-positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus by approximately half compared to the TBI group. A significant difference in the inhibitory effect of two different conditioned media (HA-CM and LA-CM) on apoptosis in the brain of rats after TBI was not detected. Conclusions. The administration of conditioned media of rat fetal neural cell cultures caused a significant decrease in the number of p53-positive cells in both the cortex and subcortical structures on the 5th day after the brain injury.
The glucose tolerance test in mice: sex, drugs and protocol.
Authors: Kennard Matilda , Nandi Manasi , Chapple Sarah , King Aileen
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) are commonly used
in preclinical studies but are poorly standardised. Male mice are often
preferred due to more severe phenotypes which may aid in detecting drug
effects. Using novel glucose telemetry in undisturbed mice, the effect
of different pre-GTT protocols on blood glucose concentrations, GTTs and
detection of drug effects were considered. Experimental Approach: Seven
male and female C57Bl/6J mice (8-10 weeks) were implanted with HD-XG
glucose telemetry devices. Mice were fasted for 16h overnight or 6h in
the daytime following a whole cage change, cage change with retention of
used bedding or no cage change prior to i.p.GTTs. Glucose tolerance
following oral glucose gavage was compared to voluntary ingestion of
gels. Using the most refined procedures, 250mg/kg oral metformin and
10nmol/kg i.p. exendin-4 were tested. Key Results: Blood glucose
initially increased following cage changing at the start of the fast.
For 6h fasting, retaining bedding reduced these initial responses and
produced more timely glucose reductions whereas 16h fasts caused
pronounced hypoglycaemia. Impaired glucose tolerance in males was
exaggerated following 16h fasting or whole cage changes. Refined
procedures including voluntarily ingested glucose gels blunted responses
but the effects of exendin-4 and metformin were still observable in both
sexes. Conclusion and Implications: Variations in GTT protocol can have
profound effects on glucose homeostasis. Improved glucose tolerance due
to protocol refinement and/or the use of females still allows for
detection of drug effects providing evidence that more severe phenotypes
are not required when testing drugs.