bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA): ETIOLOGIA, DIAGNÓSTICO E INTERVENÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Saraiva Isabella Ferreira , Freire Rossana Valessa Silva , Frazão Marina de Arruda , Muniz Jéssica dos Santos , Souza Lívia Carolina Brum de
Published: August 2024

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição neurodesenvolvimental complexa que envolve desafios na comunicação social e comportamentos repetitivos. A compreensão de sua etiologia, diagnóstico e intervenções terapêuticas tem avançado significativamente nos últimos anos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), com enfoque na etiologia diagnóstico e tratamento. Métodos: Esta revisão foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada entre 2009 e 2024, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Os critérios de inclusão envolveram estudos originais e revisões em inglês, português ou espanhol, focados na etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do TEA. Dos estudos inicialmente identificados, 29 foram selecionados para análise detalhada. Resultados e Discussão: A etiologia do TEA é multifatorial, envolvendo fatores genéticos e ambientais. Estudos genéticos identificaram várias mutações associadas ao TEA, enquanto fatores ambientais, como infecções maternas, aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento. A neurobiologia do TEA revela alterações na conectividade cerebral e função sináptica. Avanços em técnicas de imagem cerebral e biomarcadores melhoram a precisão diagnóstica. As intervenções terapêuticas incluem abordagens comportamentais, farmacológicas e tecnológicas, com a Análise do Comportamento Aplicada (ABA) sendo amplamente utilizada. Tecnologias assistivas emergem como promissoras para melhorar habilidades de comunicação. Conclusão: A complexidade do TEA exige uma abordagem multifacetada para sua compreensão e manejo. Avanços em genética, neurobiologia e técnicas de diagnóstico são essenciais para intervenções precoces e eficazes. A pesquisa contínua é fundamental para desenvolver estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas que melhorem a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com TEA e suas famílias.
COMPETÊNCIAS PEDAGÓGICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: AVALIAÇÃO DAS PERCEPÇÕES DOS DOCENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Biella Ana Flávia de Carvalho Lima , Rei Meillyne Alves dos , Pereira Ana Claudia Souza , Souza Ana Lúcia Rezende , Menezes Marcos Antonio de
Published: August 2024

A formação pedagógica de docentes na área da saúde é essencial para garantir um ensino de qualidade integrando competências técnicas e pedagógicas. Este estudo investiga as percepções dos docentes sobre suas competências pedagógicas, destacando lacunas e áreas de aprimoramento. Objetivo: Analisar as percepções dos docentes da área da saúde sobre suas competências pedagógicas com foco nas habilidades necessárias para o exercício da docência, visando identificar lacunas formativas e propor recomendações para o aprimoramento dos programas de formação docente. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição pública de ensino superior em Goiás, com a participação de 55 docentes de cursos da área da saúde. Foi utilizada uma abordagem mista, combinando métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário atitudinal do tipo Likert, estruturado em três dimensões: Formação Pedagógica, Competência Docente, e Aspectos Institucionais da Formação Docente. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma média geral de 3,00 nas percepções dos docentes, com destaque positivo para a comunicação eficaz (média de 3,60) e a adaptação pedagógica (média de 3,56). No entanto, foram identificadas lacunas significativas na integração de novas metodologias pedagógicas (média de 2,33) e na aplicação prática dos conhecimentos pedagógicos. Conclusão: A pesquisa revelou disparidades nas percepções de competências entre docentes com diferentes níveis de experiência. Conclui-se que há uma necessidade urgente de políticas institucionais que promovam uma formação docente contínua e integrada, equilibrando o conhecimento técnico com as competências pedagógicas para enfrentar os desafios do ensino superior na área da saúde.
ANESTÉSICOS INTRAVENOSOS
Authors: Calzada João Vitor Dias , Assis Ádila Gabriela Costa de , Ribeiro Breno Alves , Paula Gabrielle Machado de , Sousa Sandoval Leandro Ferreira de
Published: August 2024

A anestesia é uma das maiores conquistas da medicina, revolucionando a prática cirúrgica e proporcionando alívio ao sofrimento humano. Ao longo dos séculos, sua evolução tem sido crucial para o desenvolvimento da cirurgia moderna, permitindo procedimentos complexos que antes eram impossíveis devido à dor insuportável e ao risco de choque. Esta revisão de literatura reuniu artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos na base de dados PUBMED objetivando revisar e comparar os principais anestésicos venosos utilizados na prática clínica, destacando suas características farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas, bem como suas indicações, eficácia, segurança e efeitos adversos. Os anestésicos venosos desempenham um papel fundamental na prática anestesiológica moderna, oferecendo uma ampla gama de opções terapêuticas para a indução e manutenção da anestesia. O entendimento aprofundado de suas propriedades farmacológicas, bem como de suas indicações e limitações clínicas, é essencial para a escolha do agente anestésico mais apropriado em cada situação, garantindo a segurança e o bem-estar do paciente.
ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICAS PARA O MANEJO DA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL RESISTENTE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Siqueira João Antonio Magalhães Lima , Lima Ingrid Cara , Klein Leonardo Godoy , Silva Cindy Dannyelle Ferreira Brandão , Souza Elizabeth Maria Neves Silva , Fernandes Isabela Cristina de Brito , Oliveira Rafaela Rabelo Gonçalves de , Sousa Rossana Areia de , Rodrigues Juliana Garcia , Aguiar Matheus Costa Felix Feitosa de
Published: August 2024

A hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR) é uma condição desafiadora, caracterizada pela persistência da pressão arterial elevada apesar do tratamento com múltiplos medicamentos. Este estudo realiza uma revisão integrativa para analisar as abordagens terapêuticas atuais para o manejo da HAR, com ênfase na eficácia e segurança das estratégias disponíveis. A revisão abrange modificações no estilo de vida, terapias farmacológicas combinadas e intervenções não farmacológicas, como a denervação renal. Os resultados demonstram que, embora as modificações no estilo de vida e a combinação de medicamentos sejam fundamentais, as intervenções não farmacológicas emergem como opções promissoras. No entanto, a eficácia dessas abordagens pode variar e os efeitos adversos representam desafios significativos. A integração de estratégias e a personalização do tratamento são cruciais para melhorar o controle da pressão arterial e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HAR.
AVANÇOS NO TRATAMENTO DE NEOPLASIAS HEMATOLÓGICAS COM TERAPIAS CAR-T: UMA REVISÃO DE ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS RECENTES
Authors: Breitenbach Tainara Muhl , Cruz Mariana Monteiro Magalhães , Pereira Simália Takafashi , Pinto Rafael Felipe Matozinhos , Teixeira Lucas Gabriel Peixoto , Dourado Pedro Anderson Lima , Rocha Dara Rubaly Bustillos , Caracas Samuel Dias Noronha , Dantas Lorena Costa , Deguti Teodoro Assunção
Published: August 2024

A terapia com células T modificadas por receptor quimérico de antígeno (CAR-T) tem emergido como uma inovação significativa no tratamento de neoplasias hematológicas refratárias e recidivantes. Esta revisão integrativa analisa os avanços recentes na aplicação das terapias CAR-T, com foco nos resultados de ensaios clínicos recentes. Os achados revelam que as terapias CAR-T têm alcançado altas taxas de resposta completa, especialmente em linfoma difuso de grandes células B (DLBCL) e leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), demonstrando uma eficácia superior em comparação com tratamentos convencionais. No entanto, a implementação dessas terapias não está isenta de desafios, incluindo a gestão de efeitos adversos graves, como síndrome de liberação de citocinas (CRS) e neurotoxicidade, além de questões relacionadas ao custo e complexidade da fabricação. Avanços tecnológicos, como a edição genética e melhorias nas técnicas de fabricação, têm o potencial de melhorar a eficácia e a segurança das terapias CAR-T, mas ainda há necessidade de mais pesquisas para abordar a durabilidade das respostas e a acessibilidade do tratamento. Esta revisão destaca a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para otimizar a aplicação das terapias CAR-T e sugere que a continuidade na investigação é crucial para superar os desafios existentes e expandir o impacto clínico dessas terapias inovadoras.
AS VIVÊNCIAS DAS FAMÍLIAS AO DIREITO COMPARADO NAS ADOÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
Authors: Santos Maria Goretti Silva , Camargo Maria Emilia , Mascarenhas Neto Aprigio Teles , Priesnitz Mariane Camargo
Published: August 2024

Refletir sobre o direito comparado nas adoções internacionais, as leis, os decretos e as convenções entre os países relativo ao direto das crianças e dos adolescentes, observar relatos sobre as dificuldades que as famílias passam neste momento. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, derivado dos dados do CNJ, crianças adotadas internacionalmente, por região, ambos os sexos, até 17 anos e 364 dias. Nos instrumentos de coleta de dados serão dados secundários do CNJ. Um prisma importante para a adoção internacional é que esta deve garantir a cidadania ou a nacionalidade à criança adotada, é um direito fundamental a ser preservação. Ao averiguar os dados do Gráfico 1, do período de 2019 a 16 de outubro de 2023, onde foram realizadas um total de 161 adoções internacionais no Brasil, pelo Sistema Nacional de Adoção (SNA) do CNJ, sendo crianças que saíram do território brasileiro e foram morar em outro país com seus adotantes ou novos pais. De um lado temos reduzidas as possibilidades de contato com a família de origem, por causa da distância geográfica, linguística, ética e cultural, com este sentimento de “dessemelhança” com sua origem, unido ao desconforto de não conhecer o novo país, resultando num desequilíbrio emocional da criança, segundo alguns relatos, na nova residência ou país.
TERAPIAS ANTICOAGULANTES EM PACIENTES COM FIBRILAÇÃO ATRIAL E ALTO RISCO DE SANGRAMENTO: COMPARAÇÃO DE NOVOS ANTICOAGULANTES ORAIS
Authors: Guimarães Gabriel Melo , Mariano Maria Eduarda Oliveira , Pinto Rafael Felipe Matozinhos , Fernandes Isabela Cristina de Brito , Vieira Isadora Larocca
Published: August 2024

A fibrilação atrial (FA) é uma arritmia comum que aumenta significativamente o risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e outras complicações tromboembólicas, exigindo anticoagulação sistêmica para a maioria dos pacientes. Este estudo realizou uma revisão integrativa para comparar a eficácia e segurança dos novos anticoagulantes orais (NOACs) com os antagonistas da vitamina K (AVKs) em pacientes com FA e alto risco de sangramento. A análise de 25 estudos, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas, e estudos observacionais, demonstrou que os NOACs, particularmente o apixabano, oferecem uma eficácia similar ou superior na prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos e um perfil de segurança mais favorável em comparação com os AVKs, especialmente em relação à redução do risco de sangramentos intracranianos. No entanto, o risco de sangramentos gastrointestinais foi maior com alguns NOACs, como dabigatrano e rivaroxabano. A disponibilidade de agentes de reversão específicos para os NOACs melhora a segurança em situações de emergência, embora questões de custo e acesso devam ser consideradas. Conclui-se que a escolha entre NOACs e AVKs deve ser personalizada, levando em conta o perfil de risco individual do paciente e as circunstâncias clínicas.
AVANÇOS NO TRATAMENTO DA ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA COM MODIFICADORES DA DOENÇA: UMA ANÁLISE DE ESTUDOS DE LONGO PRAZO
Authors: Almeida João Vinicius Barros , Barreiros Brenda Souza , Cláudio Thaissa Esther Miranda , Vieira Isadora Larocca , Amorim Júnior Lorival Ribeiro de
Published: August 2024

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença neurológica crônica caracterizada pela desmielinização do sistema nervoso central e pela progressiva incapacidade funcional. A introdução de modificadores da doença (TMDs) tem transformado o tratamento da EM, oferecendo novas opções para a gestão da doença. Esta revisão integrativa visa analisar os avanços no tratamento da EM com TMDs com base em estudos de longo prazo, abordando a eficácia, segurança e impacto na progressão da doença. Foram incluídos 25 estudos que apresentaram dados de seguimento de 5 a 12 anos sobre diversas terapias, incluindo interferons beta, acetato de glatirâmer, natalizumabe, ocrelizumabe, fingolimode e novas opções emergentes. Os resultados revelaram que os TMDs demonstraram uma redução significativa na frequência de surtos e na carga de lesões cerebrais, bem como um impacto positivo na progressão da incapacidade. Embora a maioria dos tratamentos tenha mostrado perfis de segurança aceitáveis, a incidência de efeitos adversos significativos exige monitoramento contínuo. A análise destaca a importância da personalização do tratamento e a necessidade de integração contínua de novas evidências para otimizar o manejo da EM e melhorar os resultados clínicos a longo prazo.
Document Security System Using Arduino-Based Fingerprint And Rfid Module
Authors: Mohamad Irkam  , Toni Wijanarko Adi Putra
Published: August 2024

Documents are valuable/important letters that can be used as evidence of printed or written information. The company where the author conducted research is a company operating in the logistics sector, which of course has a special document storage room, namely the Accounting room . The use of plastic folders containing documents and safes as a place to store important documents and files still carries a lot of risk of misuse and loss. The title of this research is Document Security System Using Arduino- Based Fingerprint and RFID Modules . One of the aims of this research is to minimize loss and prevent misuse of documents/files placed in plastic folders. A security system using fingerprint and RFID is very good to apply as document security because it has double security. The system created uses a fingerprint as a signal breaker or RFID tag electromagnetic waves which are attached to a folder containing important documents/files belonging to the company. This system is also supported by an Arduino kit Uno with an Atmega328 microcontroller as the brain for processing data from the fingerprint sensor and RFID Reader functions as an electromagnetic wave identification system for RFID Tags , therefore two pieces of hardware are needed, called Tags and Readers . Apart from the three main components mentioned, there are several other components used in making this document security system, namely micro SD kit, buzzer, push button, servo . Creating this system is very important to limit misuse of documents and the risk of losing documents in a company.
Web Based Tuition Payment Information System SMS Gateway Based Response Automation (Study at Walisongo Vocational School, Semarang)
Authors: Fujiama D. Silalahi  , Irwan Aji Mahendra
Published: August 2024

At the Walisongo Vocational School Semarang Semarang SPP payment system that is carried out at this time is by manual method where payment of SPP is still conventional where administrative staff must look for student data and record transactions in the ledger containing student data, then fill in the student payment card column. and come as proof that students have paid. However, the payment system is less optimistic.Seeing these situations and conditions, the author makes a web-based response system for spp payment automation based on the SMS gateway at Walisongo Vocational School Semarang by using the Research And Development (R & D) method where this application can help administrative administrators in this institution to facilitate payment and can make notifications directly to parents of students automatically.This application the author uses the HTML and PHP programming language with the MySQL database, where later the data will be entered and stored in the database and the author also uses the SMS gateway hardware as a notification media to the parents of students so that the use can be more easier and optimal.
Mandiri Unbk Try Out Information System Web Based Using Linear Congruent Method At Madrasah Working Group (Kkm) Mts N 2 Demak
Authors: Murtadho's Word  , Fujiama D. Silalahi
Published: August 2024

The try out process is an exam simulation exercise every year before the National Examination conducted by school institutions. The main objective of this exercise is as an effort of school institutions to prepare students to get maximum scores on the National Examination.Madrasah Working Group (KKM) of MTs 2 Demak is a body within the Ministry of Religion which fosters coordinative cooperative relations between Demak MTs 2 and private Madrasahs in the area of ​​Demak 2 MTs. So far the Try Out system at the KKM level still uses manual procedures and is still off line using paper. As a result of this system, there are still delays in the distribution of questions and reports at the central level. In making Try Out questions, randomization of questions only uses the package method questions A, B and C, so there are still students who give each other answers.LCM (linear congruent method) is a method of generating random numbers on the Try Out. The principle of this method is where the form of the LCM number as the scrambler of the question, including increament (c), modulus (m), multiplier (a), and initial value (Z0), which has provisions: c = 0 ≤ c <m, m = 0 <m, a = 0 <a <m, and Z0 = 0 ≤ Z0 <m. Making this application using the PHP programming language and database used is MySql with the R & D system development method according to Borg and Gall, including: Research and information collecting, Planning, Develop prelminary form of product, Preliminary field testing, Main product revision, Main field testing , Operational product revision, Operational field testing, Final product revision, Dissemination and implementation.Madrasah Working Group (KKM) Demak MTs 2 in conducting a try out system still uses the manual offline method and the problem scrambler is only limited to packages A, B, and C, then with the Try Out Information System the web-based KKM level is expected to facilitate parties KKM and tighten students to avoid fraud.
Security Design In Doors And Windows Arduino Based Using Fingerprint And Sms Gateway (Case Study At Pesona Asri Tembalang Housing)
Authors: Siska Setiani  , Bagus Sudirman
Published: August 2024

This research discusses security design for Arduino-based doors and windows using fingerprint technology and SMS Gateway. The case study was conducted at Pesona Asri Tembalang Housing. The main goal of this research is to improve household security by combining fingerprint authentication technology and text messaging (SMS) as a safer and more efficient access mechanism.This system development method includes analyzing household security needs, designing an Arduino-based system, integrating fingerprint modules and SMS Gateway, as well as testing and evaluating system performance. The research results show that this system is able to provide a high level of security with accurate fingerprint authentication and direct notification via SMS Gateway when suspicious activity occurs.In conclusion, an Arduino-based door and window security design with fingerprint technology and SMS Gateway is an effective solution for increasing household security. Implementing these systems can help reduce the risk of intrusion and give homeowners better control over access to their property.
Innovation In Project Management Utilizing Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Joseph Teguh Santoso  , Budi Raharjo
Published: August 2024

The successful adoption of programmable machines for complex tasks opens up opportunities for productivity and more efficient communication, but also poses serious challenges in IT project management. This study aims to tackle the issue of high project failure rates caused by inadequate planning. It aims to assist project managers in enhancing their project planning by implementing real-time solutions through the utilization of machine learning (ML) algorithms and a user-friendly graphical interface. This research is divided into two key phases. The initial phase involves an examination of existing literature in the field of machine learning to identify relevant concepts applicable to project management. In the subsequent stage, two distinct types of ML algorithms, namely example-based learning and regression modeling, will be integrated into a user-friendly platform. This research develops a system that utilizes machine learning algorithms to assist project managers in real-time or near real-time through a user-friendly graphical interface, with a focus on improving project planning and risk mitigation. This research shows that machine learning algorithms provide positive results in overcoming human factors and preventing risks based on the experience of project managers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) TO SIMULATE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN NON STERILE MEDICINE PRODUCTION ROOMS USING TEMPERATURE SENSORS (LM 35) AND HUMIDITY SENSORS (DHT 22) BASED ON ARDUINO AND WEB
Authors: Mateus Bimahatma  , Dani Sasmoko  , Jarot Dian Susatyono
Published: August 2024

The development of increasingly sophisticated pharmaceutical industry technology requires researchers to develop technology in the pharmaceutical industry that can help employees carry out their duties. As we know, technology is very helpful in providing job data in industry. Information technology can improve the quality of work in industry. One of them is about monitoring temperature and humidity in the non-sterile drug production room. This temperature and humidity is monitored by the QA ( Quality Assurance )/Quality Assurance department, which is used to see whether the temperature and humidity of the non-sterile drug production room are well conditioned.Based on the existing problems, it is necessary to have an intelligent system that can monitor temperature and humidity precisely and periodically. One of them is creating an Internet of Things (IoT) Implementation tool for Simulating Temperature and Humidity in a Non-Sterile Medicine Production Room Using an Arduino and Web Based Temperature Sensor ( LM35 ) and Humidity Sensor ( DHT 22 ). This tool will periodically detect the temperature and humidity in each non-sterile drug production room. If the temperature exceeds the maximum limit in the non-sterile drug production room, the fan will turn on to release the hot air inside. All the data that has been collected will be processed by the Arduino Uno R3 Microcontroller and will be displayed on the website as an interface . For early detection, a DC Fan appears on the website that rotates if the temperature exceeds the maximum limit. Data transmission uses ESP8266 as a wireless module .
Mobile Robot Detects Pests And Diseases In Palm Oil Nurseries
Authors: Raden Aris Sugianto  , Andi Prayogi  , Hasanal Fachri Satia Simbolon
Published: August 2024

The palm oil industry is an important economic pillar in various countries, making a significant contribution to global vegetable oil production. Despite its vital role, oil palm growth is often faced with serious challenges such as pest and disease attacks that can threaten crop yields and plant health. Oil palm seeding, as the initial stage in the plant growth cycle, is key in ensuring optimal quality and productivity in the future. The successful application of mobile robot technology in detecting pests and diseases in oil palm nurseries will not only increase production efficiency, but also support the principles of sustainability and wise resource management.
Aeolian dust and diatoms at Roosevelt Island (Ross Sea, Antarctica) over the last two millennia reveal the local expression of climate changes and the history of the Ross Sea polynya
Authors: Lagorio Serena , Delmonte Barbara , Tetzner Dieter , Malinverno Elisa , Baccolo Giovanni , Stenni Barbara , Frezzotti Massimo , Maggi Valter , Bertler Nancy
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The pattern of atmospheric and climate changes recorded by coastal Antarctic ice core sites, and the processes they illustrate, highlight the importance of multiproxy studies on ice cores drilled from such peripheral areas, where regional to local-scale processes can be documented. Here, we present a 2000 year long record of aeolian mineral dust and diatoms windblown to the Roosevelt Island obtained from the RICE (Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution project) ice core. Mineral dust and diatoms are highly complementary at RICE since they are related to the large-scale South Pacific atmospheric circulation regime, carrying dust-rich air masses that travelled above the marine boundary layer, and local oceanic aerosol transport by low-level marine air masses, respectively. The 550–1470 CE period is characterized by enhanced mineral dust transport originating from the Southern Hemisphere continents, reduced sea-ice extent in the Eastern Ross and Amundsen Seas, and more frequent penetration of humid air masses responsible for the relative increase in snow accumulation. Around 1300 CE, in particular, in concomitance with marked El Niño-like conditions, the Ross Sea dipole reaches its maximum expression. After 1470 CE, relatively lower dust and snow deposition at RICE suggests an increase in pack ice. This period is characterized by episodes of unprecedented peaks of aeolian diatom deposition, indicating a rapid reorganization of atmospheric circulation linked to the eastward enlargement of the Ross Sea polynya, likely culminating with the opening of the proposed Roosevelt Island polynya, and to an increased influence of low-level marine air masses to the site during the Little Ice Age.
Identifying climate variables that interchange with volcanic eruptions as cooling forces during the Common Era’s ice ages
Authors: Seip Knut Lehre , Grøn Øyvind , Wang Hui
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Volcanism is known to be an instigating factor for the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA, 536–660) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1250–1850), but little is known about when the effect of volcanism ends, and which other mechanisms prolong a cold period that includes the ice-ages’ cold periods, but also continued periods with persistent cooling. Here we show, with a high-resolution lead-lag method, where the stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) generated by volcanic emissions ceases to precede the Northern Hemisphere summer temperature (NHST). We find that five climate mechanisms cool the Northern Hemisphere (percentage time in parentheses): SAOD (51 %), total solar irradiance (TSI, 2 %), the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO, 11 %), the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO, 28 %) and CO2 (16 %). The last four variables overlap, and altogether the five climate variables cover 89 % of the cold period that includes LALIA and LIA. In contrast, we find an increase in atmospheric CO2 over a brief period just after large volcanic eruptions. During the cold period, the five variables lead NHST, are in a cooling mode, and have sufficient strength to cool the Northern Hemisphere.
Proglacial lake evolution and outburst flood hazard at Fjallsjökull glacier, southeast Iceland
Authors: Wells Greta Hoe , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Pálsson Finnur , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Hermanns Reginald L. , Guðmundsson Snævarr
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Glacier retreat is projected to increase with future climate warming, elevating the risk of mass movement-triggered glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). These events are an emerging yet understudied hazard in Iceland, including at Fjallsjökull, an outlet glacier of the Vatnajökull ice cap in southeast Iceland. A multibeam sonar scanner survey revealed that the proglacial Fjallsárlón lake significantly expanded from 1945 to 2021. If recent glacier terminus retreat rates continue, Fjallsárlón will reach its maximum extent around 2110, more than doubling in surface area and tripling in volume. The lake will occupy two overdeepened basins with a maximum depth of ~210 m, which will likely increase terminus melting and calving rates—and thus glacier retreat—as well as potentially float the glacier tongue. Three zones on the valley walls above Fjallsjökull have high topographic potential of sourcing rock falls or avalanches that could enter Fjallsárlón and generate displacement waves or GLOFs, significantly impacting visitors and infrastructure at this tourism site. This study provides input data for risk assessments and mitigation strategies at Fjallsjökull; a template for investigating this hazard at other proglacial lakes in Iceland; and field data to advance understanding of overdeepenings and lake–terminus interactions in proglacial lakes worldwide.
Exploring the ability of LSTM-based hydrological models to simulate streamflow time series for flood frequency analysis
Authors: Martel Jean-Luc , Arsenault Richard , Turcotte Richard , Castañeda-Gonzalez Mariana , Brissette François , Armstrong William , Mailhot Edouard , Pelletier-Dumont Jasmine , Lachance-Cloutier Simon , Rondeau-Genesse Gabriel , Caron Louis-Philippe
Published: August 2024

Abstract. An increasing number of studies have shown the prowess of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for hydrological modelling and forecasting. One commonly cited drawback of these methods, however, is the requirement for large amounts of training data to properly reproduce streamflow events. For maximum annual streamflow, this can be problematic since they are by definition less common than mid- or low-flows, leading to under-representation in the model’s training set and, ultimately, parameterization. This study investigates six methods to improve peak streamflow simulation skill of LSTM models used to extend streamflow observation time series for flood frequency analysis (FFA). Methods include adding meteorological data variables, providing streamflow simulations from a distributed hydrological model, oversampling peak streamflow events, adding multihead attention mechanisms, adding data from a large set of “donor” catchments and combining some of these elements in a single model. Furthermore, results are compared to those obtained by the distributed hydrological model HYDROTEL. The study is performed on 88 catchments in the province of Quebec using a leave-one-out cross-validation implementation and an FFA is applied using observations as well as model simulations. Results show that LSTM-based models are able to simulate peak streamflow as well (for a simple LSTM model implementation) or better (with hybrid LSTM-hydrological model implementations) than the distributed hydrological model. Multiple pathways forward to further improve the LSTM-based model’s ability to predict peak streamflow are provided and discussed.
Deep Transfer Learning Method for Seasonal TROPOMI XCH4 Albedo Correction
Authors: Bradley Alexander C. , Dix Barbara , Mackenzie Fergus , Veefkind J. Pepijn , de Gouw Joost A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The retrieval of methane from satellite measurements is sensitive to the reflectance of the surface. In many regions, especially those with agriculture, surface reflectance depends on season, but this is not accounted for in many satellite products. It is an important issue to consider, as agricultural emissions of methane are significant and other sources, like oil and gas production, are also often located in agricultural lands. In this work, we use a set of 12 monthly machine learning models to generate a seasonally resolved surface albedo correction for TROPOMI methane data across the Denver-Julesburg basin. We found that land cover is important in the correction, specifically the type of crops grown in an area, with drought-resistant crop covered areas requiring a correction of 5–6 ppb larger than areas covered in water-intensive crops. Additionally, the correction over different land covers changes significantly over the seasonally resolved timescale, with corrections over drought-resistant crops being up to 10 ppb larger in the summer than in the winter. This correction will allow for more accurate determination of methane emissions by removing the effect of agricultural and other seasonal effects on the albedo correction. The correction may also allow for the deconvolution of agricultural methane emissions, which are seasonally dependent, from oil and gas emissions, which are more constant in time.
Research without researchers: southern theory critique of research practices
Authors: Palat Narayanan Nipesh
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The metropolitan rootedness of urban studies has been under critique for more than 2 decades. The call for more studies from “elsewhere” and theorization from “outside” the North Atlantic circuits of knowledge production has changed the landscape of urban theory. However, the genius loci of this urban theory still lies in the metropolis (centre of power and knowledge). One key reason for this metropolitan locatedness is the lack of attention paid to geo- and bio-politics of knowledge which separates/excludes the ontological location of the researchers from research practice. This separation/exclusion allows a research practice wherein data are produced from the field, theorization happens elsewhere, and the researcher manages this process (as objectively as possible). This schema evades the locationality of research questions/concerns, as to where they come from, and how the ontological location of the researcher produces them. This paper discusses the need to recentre the researcher to evade what allegorically becomes “research without researchers”.
The Effect of Diurnal Rhythm on the Gut Metabolome in Inflammation and Diabetes
Authors:   , Gough Katelyn
Published: August 2024

This thesis investigated the impact of desynchronised diurnal rhythms on the human gut metabolome as a potential contributing factor in diabetic disease. The method involved in vitro and in vivo testing to determine whether environmental factors linked to disrupted exposure to light and dark cycles change the circadian rhythm, causing altered metabolite expression by intestinal microbes leading to metabolic disease.
Development of a Telehealth Guideline and Evaluation of the Feasibility of a Telehealth Intervention to Facilitate Foot Self-Care Behaviour Among Adults with Type II Diabetes in Nepal
Authors:   , Sharma Sumitra
Published: August 2024

This research study developed a telehealth guideline for diabetes care and evaluated a telehealth intervention to facilitate foot self-care behaviour among adults with diabetes in Nepal. This was the first telehealth guideline developed specifically for people with diabetes in Nepal. The guideline was developed through a comprehensive process, ensuring the incorporation of evidence-based information for diabetes care. The intervention was designed based on the guideline with the aim of improving foot self-care behaviour. The feasibility outcomes of this study concluded that telehealth can increase accessibility and utilisation of diabetes foot care, a neglected area of healthcare in Nepal.
Sanctions through the Ages: Historical and Legal Perspective
Authors: Grigoryan Siranush
Published: August 2024

Sanctions, which hold both the potential to influence state behavior and the
risk of imposing unintended harm on civilians, have been a persistent tool of
governance since the dawn of civilization.
The article challenges traditional narratives that portray sanctions as a linear
progression towards effectiveness. Instead, it delves deeper through a 'dual lens'
historical analysis, employing a comparative approach to trace the evolution and
impact of sanctions across different eras. One lens examines their development as
instruments of power, exploring how power dynamics have shaped their
application throughout history, alongside the evolving legal framework that
governs their use. The other lens focuses on the phenomenon of unintended
consequences. By tracing the use of sanctions from ancient Greece to the
contemporary era, this article explores how legal norms, diplomatic practices, and
interstate dynamics have influenced their effectiveness and limitations.
This critical reassessment of sanctions' historical continuum — their
evolution, limitations, and unintended consequences — offers valuable insights for
engaging in more informed discussions about their potential applications in the
21st century.
A Comparative Analysis of High-Intensity Technique-Specific Intervals and Short Sprint Interval Training in Taekwondo Athletes: Effects on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Anaerobic Power
Authors: Song Yuan , Sheykhlouvand Mohsen
Published: August 2024

Technique-specific high-intensity interval training (HIITTS) has been proven to be an effective method to enhance the sport-specific bio-motor abilities of taekwondo athletes. However, studies regarding its effects on comprehensive measures of cardiorespiratory fitness are limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of clarity regarding the extent of individual adaptations to this method compared to HIIT in the form of repeated sprints (HIITRS). This study compared the individual adaptations to HIITRS and HIITTS on cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power in trained taekwondo athletes (age = 19.8 ± 1.3 years; body mass = 75.4 ± 9.1 kg; height = 1.73 ± 0.0 .m). All participants completed three sessions per week of a 60-minute regular taekwondo training. Following the 60-minute training, participants completed 3 sets of 10 × 4 s all-out HIITRS or same sets of repeated kicks with both legs (HIITTS) over a 6-week training period. In both groups, rest intervals were set at 15 seconds between efforts and one minute between sets. Before and after the training period, participants underwent a series of lab- and field-based tests to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities. Both interventions resulted in significant improvements in maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), O2 pulse (V̇O2/HR), first ventilatory threshold (VT1), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), cardiac output (Q̇max), stroke volume (SV), peak power output (PPO), average power output (APO), squat jump (SJ), and countermovement jump (CMJ). However, linear speed (20-m speed time) and taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT) only responded to HIITRS. HIITRS resulted in greater changes in V̇O2max, V̇O2/HR, VT2, and Q̇max, and higher percentage of responders in measured parameters than HIITTS. In addition, HIITRS elicited lower inter-individual variability (CV) in percent changes from pre- to post-training in all measured variables. These results suggest that incorporating 3 sessions per week of HIITRS into regular taekwondo training results in significantly greater and more homogenized adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities than HIITTS among trained taekwondo athletes.
Türkiye’de Erken İslam Mimarisi Eğitimindeki Kaynakların Yetersizliği Sorunu –III Örnek 11-16
Authors: Aykaç Fettah
Published: August 2024

İlahiyat Fakülteleri ve İslami İlimler Fakültelerinin müfredatında bulunan İslam Sanatları Tarihi derslerinin ilk haftalarında işlenen Erken İslâm Mimarisi alanında yetmiş yılı aşkın bir süredir yazılı ve görsel malzeme sorunu yaşanmaktadır. 1950’lerde bu soruna yabancı dil bilen birkaç hocanın Avrupa dillerinden yaptıkları özet tercüme yayınlar yoluyla çözüm bulunmaya çalışılarak günümüze kadar mevcut birkaç kaynak kitap ve ansiklopedi maddeleri yoluyla dersler devam ettirilmiştir. Ancak özellikle iki binli yıllardan itibaren erken İslâm mimarisi alanıyla ilgili az sayıda da olsa farklı araştırmaların yayınlanmış ve bu alanla ilgili önceki yıllarda yapılmış yayınlar ile ansiklopedi maddelerinde verilen bilgilerde tutarsızlıklar sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Buna ilave olarak bazı mutedil Avrupalı oryantalistlerin yayınları da önceki bazı erken İslâm mimarisine olumsuz yaklaşan oryantalistlerin yayınlarındaki çelişkileri ortaya koymuş olması bu alana ilginin artmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Bunun sonucu olarak ta bu alanla ilgili ilave çeşitli yardımcı yayınlar yapılmaya veya bazı Türk İslam Mimarisi ile ilgili yayınların ön kısmında erken İslâm mimarisi eserleri hakkında bilgi ve görsellere yer verilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu tür yeni bilgi ve görsellerin yayılmaya başlamasıyla da önceki yardımcı kaynaklarda önemli bilgi ve görsel hataları bulunduğu netlik kazanmıştır. Seri halinde düzenlenen makalelerin ilk ikisinde on önemli yayının konuyla ilgili içerikleri tanıtılmıştı. Serinin üçüncüsü olan bu araştırma makalesinde ise Türkiye’de bu alanda yapılmış üçüncü grup altı önemli yayının muhtevalarında mevcut olan eksikler ile oryantalist etkileri bu alandaki son güncel bilgiler ışığında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenerek akademisyen ve genç araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmuştur.
Süleyman Şahin, Fıkıh Usulünde Şart Nazariyesi (Akitler Örneği)
Authors: Şahin Saygın
Published: August 2024

Hüküm teorisi, fıkıh usulü disiplini içerisinde kritik bir öneme haizdir. Çalışmanın odak noktası olan şart kavramı, hüküm teorisi içerisinde vad’i hüküm başlığı altında konumlandırılmış, şer'i/hukuki fiillerin sonuç doğurabilmesi için gerekli olan vasıf olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Fıkhın gerek ibadetler gerekse muamelat alanındaki ahkamıyla yakın bir ilişki içinde olan şart bu eserde hüküm teorisindeki yeri haricinde akdin şartları bağlamında da füru örnekleri ve dört mezhebin görüşleri ışığında incelenmiştir. Günümüz akitleri perspektifinden bakıldığında neredeyse şarta bağlanmamış akit yok gibidir. Bu husus şartın konumu ve işlevinin akitler açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Eser şart bağlamında hüküm teorisine ve şartın akitlerdeki konum ve işlevine tafsilatlı bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Akitleri şart bağlamında inceleyen az sayıda çalışmadan bir olarak fıkıh usulü literatürüne katkı sağlamıştır.
Data-Driven Entrepreneurship in Green Hydrogen Economy: An Integrated Framework for Entrepreneurial Enterprises in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Wu Xia , Li Qibo
Published: August 2024

In the era of big data, in order to improve the aggregation effect of start-ups, a digital framework with a promoting role has been formed. This paper proposes a data-driven approach in the context of the green hydrogen economy. Firstly, the data function was used to collect, classify and sort out the entrepreneurial data to form an orderly data set. Then, with the help of data-driven functions, the nonlinear reorganization of start-ups is carried out to verify their discreteness, the correlation between the hydrogen economy and start-up data is mined, and an integrated framework is formed through iterative calculation. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the hydrogen economy and start-ups, and big data can drive the integrated development of start-ups, and the data-driven method proposed in this paper can accurately identify start-up data, with a recognition rate of 90%, which is better than the previous machine learning methods and decision tree methods, and has strong big data mining capabilities. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between the hydrogen economy, big data, and start-ups, and a data-driven approach can identify the relationship between the two and facilitate the construction of an integrated framework.
Learning Middle Armenian at the Court of Meḥmed II
Authors: Budak Samet , Pifer Michael
Published: August 2024

Shortly after the conquest of Constantinople, the Ottoman court of Meḥmed II (r. 1444–46, 1451–81) began to produce language-learning primers that would teach significant languages of statecraft and knowledge production from around the Mediterranean world. This article sheds light on the court’s pedagogical and ideological engagement with multilingualism through one primer in particular, which bears the shelf mark Ahmet III 2698 in the Topkapı Palace Museum Library. We name this primer Meḥmed II’s Hexaglot Grammar, as it was produced for his court and contains an array of languages within it: Persian, Ottoman Turkish, Ancient Greek, Byzantine Greek, Latin, and, finally, the vernacular tongue of Middle Armenian. The presence of many of these languages may seem more readily apparent, but what was Middle Armenian doing at the Ottoman court? As we show, Middle Armenian had a presence at court in more ways than one. Alongside the Hexaglot Grammar, the court also produced an extensive primer for learning the Armenian alphabet (MS Ayasofya 4767, Süleymaniye Library). So, too, did producers of knowledge in Middle Armenian find a home at court, such as Amirdovlat‘ Amasiac‘i, a physician whose extensive corpus of pharmacopeia in Middle Armenian likely made use of the palace library. By exploring the circulation of diverse manuscripts, translators, and intellectuals in Constantinople alongside primers such as the Hexaglot Grammar, this article offers a portrait of the Ottoman court never before seen: a place where the premodern Armenian vernacular not only survived, but, for a time, even thrived.
Typology of exchange rate forecasting methods
Authors: Klepacki Jarosław , Raczkowski Konrad
Published: August 2024

Prognozy poszukują z reguły warunkowej wartości oczekiwanej i zbyt często odwołują się do nieracjonalnych – z punktu widzenia
szeregów czasowych – modeli regresji liniowej. Proste uśrednianie posiada swoje zalety, ale musi uwzględniać inne obiektywne
czynniki zewnętrzne, które mogą przeczyć użytym wzorcom matematycznym i schematom modelowym. Z tego względu celem
niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie typologii metod prognozowania kursu walutowego jako interdyscyplinarnej kanwy
paradygmatycznej optymalizacji możliwości określenia ceny danej jednostki pieniężnej danego państwa, wyrażonej w innych
jednostkach pieniężnych. Przyjęto hipotezę, iż wpływ kategorii fundamentalnych na kurs walutowy i jego mikrostruktura wymagają
umiejętności naprzemiennego poruszania się pomiędzy ilościowo-jakościowymi modelami prognozowania a teorią kursów
walutowych w teorii ekonomii. Ograniczeniem badawczym jest celowa rezygnacja z analiz prognostycznych kursu walutowego
z zastosowaniem ekonometrii, aparatu ekonomii matematycznej czy szkoły jakościowej samych wyników prognozowania na rzecz
analizy literatury przedmiotu w podjętym przedmiocie badań i próba ich subiektywnego i otwartego skatalogowania.
Cytokine and chemokine profiling in chronic hepatitis C and B virus infections with high viral load.
Authors:   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Kaisei Hospital. 1-6-10 Miyahara, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 532-0003 Japan., Kishida Yutaka
Published: August 2024

Background Primary defects in innate immunity in chronic hepatitis C and B may shift towards dysregulated adaptive immunity. Cytokines are critical immune regulators. Aim To clarify cytokines and chemokines in chronic hepatitis C and B to investigate the innate and adaptive immunity.