bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pergeseran dalam Indeks Kelaparan Global (Global Hunger Index) 2000-2017: Implikasi terhadap Kebijakan Pertanian, Pangan, dan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Indonesia
Authors: Pakpahan Agus
Published: March 2018

The main objective of this paper is to show that the concept of food security should not be separated from hunger given that measures, such as of food sufficiency per capita or household food purchasing power, cannot by themselves indicate the quality of human resources in one country.  There exists an X-factor between food sufficiency per capita on the one hand, and human resources quality on the other hand, that must be analysed. In 2017, the Global Hunger Index (GHI) values of 14 achieved by developing countries managed to match those of developed countries. This opens the opportunity, particularly for Indonesia, to re-examine non-income variables and establish policy frameworks to solve hunger. A key component to the issue is the persistent lack of animal protein consumption in Indonesia and elsewhere. This paper suggests that animal protein must be produced in a way that economically cheap and frees the production system from environmental deterioration and problems arising from antibiotic resistance.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan utama tulisan ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahwa konsep ketahanan pangan tidak terlepas dari konsep kelaparan dimana konsep yang terakhir ini menguraikan dimensi kualitas sumber daya manusia. Ukuran kecukupan pangan per kapita atau daya beli pangan rumah tangga tidak dapat dengan sendirinya menunjukkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di satu negara. Di antara kecukupan pangan per kapita di satu sisi dan kualitas sumberdaya manusia di sisi lain terdapat faktor X.  Faktor X adalah faktor yang harus dipahami dalam upaya mengintegrasikan antara konsep ketahanan pangan dan kualitas sumberdaya manusia dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Keberhasilan 14 negara berkembang mencapai status Indeks Kelaparan Global (IKG) yang sama dengan IKG negara maju pada 2017 membuka peluang negara-negara berkembang, khususnya Indonesia, untuk mengambil pelajaran dari negara-negara tersebut dalam rangka memahami faktor X, khususnya faktor non-pendapatan, dalam rangka menemukan solusi kelaparan bagi Indonesia. Salah satu komponen strategis yang paling mendesak adalah bagaimana mengatasi kekurangan konsumsi protein hewani yang telah berlangsung selama ini. Namun demikian, sistem produksi protein hewani yang perlu dibangun adalah sistem produksi protein hewani yang terbebas dari masalah resistensi antibiotika dan keberlanjutan lingkungan hidup.
Community Consensus: Incubation and Adoption of Small Things
Authors: Spady Darcy
Published: March 2018

President's column

My goal is to support small producers and tech providers.

Cautionary note: If you work for a huge corporation and feel there is no need for little, pesky innovators, please stop reading this article now. Go and munch on some plants and wait to be covered in sediment and be part of a future hydrocarbon system. Should you choose to stay, there will be a group hug conducted at the end of this article.

One of my stated goals during my presidency is to support small producers and technical providers. One of my most unexpected experiences has been the pleasant surprise of finding a hotbed of startups … in France.

While being escorted through the WAI—We Are Innovation—center in Massy, France, I was struck by the thought that this is a place where great thoughts turn into great companies. Administered by BNP Paribas, this facility was packed with hard-working innovators, but not too many suits.

In the midst of this group, led by a guy wearing a suit and tennis shoes, was Habib Al Khatib, a geophysicist. He and his two colleagues are working with groundbreaking, yet painfully simple, technology. If Habib fails, he starves. I’m pretty sure Habib won’t fail. We had an excellent discussion about the place for small tech providers in SPE, and the critical need for innovation in our industry. That innovation is generated by companies large and small. I kind of sympathize with the small.

For the past decade, I have been on the board or acted as an advisor to startups. It’s much more comfortable at the board level for me. I get to come and go when there are lots of people around, and they are usually pretty happy. I’ve been a small producer, seeking financing while competing with hundreds of others like myself. You get well practiced at the “elevator pitch,” yet the process can be daunting, frustrating, and tiring.

Why do I bring this up? I discuss this concept of startups and incubation because we have a lot of SPE members in this space, and I want to support you. Maybe you once worked for a large corporation and were placed into transition by an external force. Maybe you started in a big organization and have been chomping at the bit to be freed from the constraints there. Whatever your reason, there is a home for you in SPE.
Is There a Need for a Reserves Confidence Metric?
Authors: McMillan Don
Published: March 2018

Management

An article published in the April 2014 JPT (McMillan 2014) discussed an SPE workshop survey regarding confidence in the SPE Petroleum Resources Management System [SPE-PRMS (2007)]. This survey identified issues regarding the believability of publicly disclosed reserves and resources. The survey also concluded that the interpretation of the SPE-PRMS in relation to unconventional resources is not consistent among reserve estimators. Critical to the integrity of our industry is confidence in publicly disclosed reserves. These reserves often come with limited supporting data and, therefore, tools need to be developed to enable the users, who may have limited technical knowledge, to identify estimates that should be used with caution or require additional supporting information.

McMillan (2017) proposed a modified version of the reserves-production ratio, called the Reserve Confidence Metric (RCM), to gauge confidence. Poor confidence does not mean the reserve estimates are wrong; it means that the estimates are to be used with caution or further information is required.

The SPE-PRMS presents a resource classification framework where reserves are the discovered recoverable volumes (contingent resources) for which the entity claiming commerciality has demonstrated a firm intention to proceed. The reserves are further characterized by the “range of uncertainty” generating a low, best, and high estimate referred to as proven reserves (1P), proved plus probable reserves (2P), and proved plus probable plus possible reserves (3P). 1P is often referred to as the banker’s case; 2P as the investor’s case; and 3P as the investor’s upside potential.

Because reserves estimates are influenced by economic factors, the timing of a project’s production is integral to its valuation. McMillan (2017) demonstrated that reserves post-20-years had negligible impact on a project’s economics. RCM, which is derived from the reserves-production ratio (RPR) and reserves life index (RLI), ranks 2P reserves estimates as good confidence if the ratio is less than or equal to 20 years. Otherwise it is ranked as poor confidence. In the case of the RCM ranking of 1P reserves, 10 years is proposed as the pivot point. The RCM ranking is summarized in Table 1.

RCM often registers poor confidence when the producing field is in the commissioning phase. In the case of undeveloped reserves, RCM will always be ranked as poor confidence. Having a rank of poor confidence requires the user to either use this information with caution or seek further clarification.

RCM can be applied at any reserve level: country, lease, field, well, and reservoir. The following are examples of applying RCM[2P] to production areas located in Queensland, Australia. All the reserves and production data presented are available from the Queensland State Government website (Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Queensland Government 2016).
Technology Focus: Production Monitoring/Surveillance (March 2018)
Authors: Mittal Rohit
Published: March 2018

Technology Focus

The industry, bruised in the past few years by low oil prices, has gained some relief with a recent upward trend in prices. These lean years have reinforced an imperative for survival, which, for many companies, means keeping a check on operating costs while improving production with existing assets, a fundamental pillar of which is using best-in-class techniques in production surveillance and monitoring. 

In this regard, there are two ongoing trends in the industry. The first is an increasing wave of digitization, beginning with the reservoir and continuing all the way to the pipeline and beyond, driven by inexpensive data storage and advances in connectivity from production sites. This has enabled the operator access to data on a real-time basis, thereby allowing decision making in a more-collaborative and -efficient manner. One example of such a benefit is the remote operation of electrical submersible pumps on a fieldwide level that allows operators to control the movement of fluids in the reservoir better. Offshore Turkmenistan has examples of operators monitoring several hundred wells, enabling them to conduct optimization on a daily basis.

Second, piggybacking on the increased access to sensor and equipment data, analytics and artificial intelligence are on an exponential rise in the industry. Cloud computing providers such as Amazon and Microsoft are increasingly democratizing the use of such analytics, and a company no longer needs to spend a large amount of capital on infrastructure to access computing resources. Machine learning has the potential to provide a large number of opportunities to automate processes and reduce downtimes. One such example would be intelligent algorithms controlling production and injection rates in the reservoir in order to achieve desired objectives, such as maintaining fluid contacts and preventing residual-oil-saturation losses.

Indeed, increased digitization and intelligent algorithms will lead to new processes being developed and becoming industry standards in the future. Even though the industry is often labeled as being conservative and slow to change, the near future looks promising, resembling an athlete in a relay race, impatiently waiting to grab the baton and shoot off into glory.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 186216 Comprehensive Analysis of Time-Lapsed Well Productivity Index for Characterizing Well Behavior in Tight Volcanic Gas Reservoir by Utkarsh Vijayvargia, Cairn, et al.

SPE 186205 Real-Time Application of Integrated Well and Network Models Through Smart Work Flows for Optimizing and Sustaining Production Targets in an Area of Kuwait’s Greater Burgan Oil Field by B. Al-Shammari, Kuwait Oil Company, et al.

SPE 186955 Downhole Production Logging for Locating Water Sources in Openhole-Completion Oil-Producer Wells by Amirul Afiq Yaakob, Petronas, et al.
Cyclic Steam Stimulation Results in High Water Retention for Kuwaiti Heavy-Oil Field
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: March 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 184154, “High Water Retention in Cyclic-Steam-Stimulation Wells of Kuwait Heavy-Oil Field,” by Anil Kumar Jain, Amal Al-Sane, and Fatma Ahmad, Kuwait Oil Company, prepared for the 2016 SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition, Mangaf, Kuwait, 6–8 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is one of the principal enhanced-oil-recovery methods for heavy oil. CSS was performed in some of the wells of a heavy-oil field in Kuwait. Multiple cycles were applied in these wells. However, the total water produced in each cycle was much less than expected. This paper presents experiments that were conducted to find possible reasons for the high water retention.

Hysteresis in CSS

Hysteresis in drainage and imbibition nonwetting-phase capillary pressure and relative permeability curves is an established phenomenon. Hysteresis of capillary pressure and relative permeability to water has a great effect on heavy-oil recovery and producing water/oil ratios (WORs) during cyclic steam stimulation. Produced WOR calculated without considering hysteresis will be unrealistically high relative to that observed in the fields.

Water Retention

During water injection, relative permeability to water increases, and, during the production phase, it decreases; however, it does not follow the same path. Relative permeability to water during the production phase is always less than that during the injection phase at the same water saturation. Irreducible water saturation during the production phase is more than the initial water saturation before injection. The difference between these two water saturations is water retention.

The same phenomenon occurs when CSS is applied. As a result of hysteresis and temperature, irreducible water saturation does not reach the initial water saturation. When steam is injected into a formation, the formation becomes increasingly water-wet. In subsequent cycles, steam injection reduces the oil saturation and increases the water saturation around the wellbore. Relative permeability to oil at high water saturation is also reduced. In later cycles, increasingly more water is produced than oil, and, therefore, the WOR increases. The produced water consists of both the condensed steam and the formation water. After steam is injected, fresh water is produced first, and slowly the salinity of the produced water increases. Initially, some of the condensed steam returns, but, later, formation water is produced with the condensed steam. If the well produces for long enough, eventually only formation water will be produced.
Micromechanical Characterization of Fluid/Shale Interactions by Means of Nanoindentation
Authors: Yang Zhenning , Wang Liming , Chen Zhaowei , Xiang Degui , Hou Dongwei , Ho Carlton , Zhang Guoping
Published: March 2018

Mitigation and prevention of shale-formation damage caused by hydraulic-fracturing fluid/rock interactions play an important role in well-production stability and subsequent refracturing design. In this paper, the effect of converting typically hydrophilic fractured surfaces to hydrophobic ones on fluid-induced softening of shales was investigated. Specifically, nanoindentation was used to characterize changes in the mechanical properties of shale samples after different surface treatments. A thin layer of octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) coating was deposited on the initially hydrophilic surface of shale, followed by inundation in water for certain periods of time to allow for fluid/rock interactions. Nanoindentation testing was then conducted on the treated shales to characterize their hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness to examine the alteration of shale's mechanical properties caused by fluid/rock interactions and to check whether hydrophobic coating can mitigate shale-softening. Results from nanoindentation testing were analyzed by a newly proposed clay-matrix criterion for data screening. Different rock-surface treatments lead to changes in rock properties. Both the hardness and Young's modulus of the treated samples converge and stabilize at relatively large depths. Samples with hydrophobic surfaces exhibit a much lower degree of softening, as reflected by their better mechanical properties (e.g., 40% increase in hardness, 25% increase in Young's modulus, and 35% increase in fracture toughness), compared with untreated shale samples. The results of this study also demonstrate that the continuous-stiffness-measurement (CSM) method and the repeated loading method for nanoindentation loading yield similar ranges of micromechanical properties of the bulk shale. However, the CSM method, if combined with the newly proposed clay-matrix-based criterion for data screening can better define and characterize fluid/shale interactions or softening of shales.
Proposta metodológica para formação de merendeira das escolas públicas no município de Palmas - TO
Authors: Santos Viviane Ferreira , Pires Caroline Roberta Freitas , Kato Hellen Christina De Almeida , De Sousa Diego Neves
Published: March 2018

As merendeiras desempenham importante tarefa para melhora do perfil nutricional, qualidade e segurança da alimentação dos escolares, impactando diretamente na saúde dos alunos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver oficinas educativas para capacitar e qualificar merendeiras, com ações de nutrição e segurança alimentar. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter descritivo observacional, realizado nos meses de Agosto e Setembro de 2016, utilizando-se de metodologia ativa. As oficinas foram divididas em seis momentos sendo; conhecimento, objetivo e aplicação da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada RDC 2016; dinâmica: “passando a bola”; dinâmica: “perigo físico, químico e biológico”; atividade do check-list; dinâmica: “árvore do progresso”; valorização e motivação para o trabalho em equipe. As oficinas tiveram resultados satisfatórios e boa adesão dos participantes, reconhecendo assim as atividades em forma de oficina e dinâmica boa base para elaboração de cursos de capacitação.
Oficina de corpo e dança: uma experiência interdisciplinar no âmbito das políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres
Authors: GONSALVES EMMANUELA NEVES , MOURA AMANDA DUARTE , Santos Tayane Torres dos , MESSINA JANINE , CARVALHO ERIKA MARINS DE
Published: March 2018

O trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a oficina de corpo e dança com mulheres, empreendida em um serviço de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência no município do Rio de Janeiro. A oficina de corpo e dança se refere a um trabalho dialógico desenvolvido por uma equipe interdisciplinar composta por uma profissional de psicologia e alunas do curso de Dança. Para o presente artigo, foram analisados os sessenta e cinco relatos produzidos pelas estagiárias de dança e pela psicóloga ao longo do trabalho de um ano de oficina. A partir do estudo dos relatos foi possível construir quatro categorias de análise: a estrutura das oficinas; a questão da interdisciplinaridade; os corpos nas oficinas; as falas nas oficinas. As reflexões propostas apontam para a importância de ações interdisciplinares no campo das políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência contra as mulheres.
Effect of Functionalised and Non-Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes-Urea Fertilizer on the Growth of Paddy
Authors: Norazlina Mohamad Yatim  , Azizah Shaaban  , Mohd Fairuz Dimin  , Faridah Yusof  , Jeefferie Abd Razak
Published: March 2018

The roles of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (fMWNTs) in enhancing the efficacy of urea fertilizer (UF) as plant nutrition for local MR219 paddy variety was investigated. The MWNTs and fMWNTs were grafted onto UF to produce UF-MWNTs fertilizer with three different conditions, coded as FMU1 (0.6 wt. % fMWNTs), FMU2 (0.1 wt. % fMWNTs) and MU (0.6 wt. % MWNTs. The batches of MR219 paddy were systematically grown in accordance to the general practice performed by the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). The procedure was conducted using a pot under exposure to natural light at three different fertilization times; after a certain number of days of sowing (DAS) at 14, 35 and 55 days. Interestingly, it was found that the crop growth of plants treated with FMU1 and FMU2 significantly increased by 22.6% and 38.5% compared to plants with MU addition. Also, paddy treated with FMU1 produced 21.4% higher number of panicles and 35% more grain yield than MU while paddy treated with FMU2 gave 28.6% more number of panicles and 36% higher grain yield than MU, which implies the advantage of fMWNTs over MWNTs to be combined with UF as plant nutrition. The chemical composition and morphology of UF-MWNTs fertilizers which is further characterised by FTiR and FESEM confirmed the successful and homogeneous grafting of UF onto the fMWNTs.

 

Peranan tabung karbon nano berdinding banyak (MWNTs) dan functionalised tabung karbon nano berdinding banyak (fMWNTs) dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan baja urea (UF) untuk pertumbuhan MR219 padi tempatan diselidiki. MWNTs dan fMWNTs telah digabungkan dengan UF untuk menghasilkan baja urea-tabung karbon nano berdinding banyak (UF-MWNTs) dengan tiga keadaan yang berbeza, dikodkan sebagai FMU1 (0.6 wt.% fMWNTs), FMU2 (0.1 wt.% fMWNTs) dan MU (0.6 wt.% MWNTs. Padi MR219 telah ditanam secara sistematik mengikut prosedur yang dilakukan oleh Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia (MARDI). Prosedur ini dijalankan di dalam pot di bawah pendedahan cahaya matahari secara semula jadi dengan teknik pembajaan sebanyak tiga kali, selepas tabur (HLT) iaitu pada 14, 35 dan 55 hari. Menariknya, didapati bahawa pertumbuhan padi dengan pembajaan FMU1 dan FMU2 telah meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 22.6% dan 38.5% berbanding pertumbuhan padi dengan pembajaan MU. Juga, padi yang dibaja dengan FMU 1 menghasilkan 21.4% bilangan tangkai yang lebih tinggi dan hasil bijirin 35% lebih tinggi daripada MU, manakala padi yang dibaja dengan FMU 2 memberikan nilai 28.6% dan 36% lebih tinggi jumlah tangkai dan hasil bijirin daripada MU. Ini telah menunjukkan kelebihan fMWNTs ke atas MWNTs untuk digabungkan dengan UF sebagai baja. Komposisi kimia dan kajian morfologi UF-MWNTs yang telah dicirikan oleh FTIR dan FESEM menunjukkan kejayaan dan kesebatian campuran gabungan UF dengan fMWNTs.
Diversity of Bats in Contrasting Habitats of Hulu Terengganu Dipterocarp Forest and Setiu Wetland BRIS Forest with a Note on Preliminary Study of Vertical Stratification of Pteropodid Bats
Authors: Grace Pounsin  , Nur Syahirah Wahab  , Azuan Roslan  , Muhamad Aidil Zahidin  , Elizabeth Pesiu  , Nur Aida Md Tamrin  , M T Abdullah
Published: March 2018

A study of the bat diversity was conducted in Hulu Terengganu dipterocarp forest and Setiu Wetland Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) forest in Terengganu, to study the species diversity, composition and stratification of fruit bats from the understorey to the forest canopy. Mist nets were set up at the understorey, sub-canopy and canopy layer while harp traps were set up at the understorey layer. We recorded 170 individuals from six families’ compromised 21 species from Hulu Terengganu dipterocarp forests and four species from Setiu Wetland BRIS forests throughout the sampling period. Megaerops ecaudatus and Cynopterus brachyotis were the most dominant species in Hulu Terengganu dipterocarp forest and Setiu Wetland BRIS forests. Our study also recorded two species with new distributional records for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, namely, Rhinolophus chiewkweeae and Chaerephon johorensis in Hulu Terengganu dipterocarp forests. Potential factors that might influence the results were in terms of the canopy covers, the structural complexity of canopy, food availability and spatial characteristics. This study was able to increase the knowledge on the species diversity and composition of bats in Hulu Terengganu dipterocarp forest and Setiu Wetland BRIS forest, thus, further aid in the effort of bat conservation in both areas.

 

Satu kajian kepelbagaian kelawar telah dijalankan di hutan dipterokarp Hulu Terengganu dan hutan Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) tanah lembap Setiu di Terengganu untuk mengkaji kepelbagaian spesies, komposisi dan stratifikasi kelawar dari bawah hingga ke kanopi hutan. Jaring kelawar telah di pasang di bawah kanopi, sub-kanopi dan kanopi, manakala perangkap harp telah diletak pada lapisan bawah kanopi. Kami merekodkan 170 individu daripada enam keluarga dan 21 spesies dari hutan dipterocarp Hulu Terengganu dan lima spesies dari hutan BRIS tanah lembap Setiu sepanjang tempoh pensampelan. Megaerops ecaudatus dan Cynopterus brachyotis adalah spesies yang paling dominan dalam hutan dipterocarp Hulu Terengganu dan hutan BRIS tanah lembap Setiu. Kajian kami juga telah mencatatkan dua spesies yang mempunyai rekod penyebaran baru di pantai timur Malaysia, iaitu Rhinolophus chiewkweeae dan Chaerephon johorensis daripada hutan dipterokarp Hulu Terengganu. Faktor-faktor yang berpotensi mempengaruhi keputusan adalah dari segi litupan kanopi, kepelbagaian struktur kanopi, ketersediaan makanan dan ciri-ciri ruang. Kajian ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai kepelbagaian spesies dan komposisi kelawar di hutan dipterokarp Hulu Terengganu dan hutan BRIS tanah lembap Setiu. Dengan itu, kajian lanjut diperlukan dalam usaha pemuliharaan kelawar di kedua-dua kawasan tersebut.
Chloromethane Degradation in Soils: A Combined Microbial and Two‐Dimensional Stable Isotope Approach
Authors: Jaeger Nicole , Besaury Ludovic , Kröber Eileen , Delort Anne‐Marie , Greule Markus , Lenhart Katharina , Nadalig Thierry , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Amato Pierre , Kolb Steffen , Bringel Françoise , Keppler Frank
Published: March 2018

Chloromethane (CH3Cl, methyl chloride) is the most abundant volatile halocarbon in the atmosphere and involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. The global CH3Cl budget, and especially the CH3Cl sink from microbial degradation in soil, still involves large uncertainties. These may potentially be resolved by a combination of stable isotope analysis and bacterial diversity studies. We determined the stable isotope fractionation of CH3Cl hydrogen and carbon and investigated bacterial diversity during CH3Cl degradation in three soils with different properties (forest, grassland, and agricultural soils) and at different temperatures and headspace mixing ratios of CH3Cl. The extent of chloromethane degradation decreased in the order forest > grassland > agricultural soil. Rates ranged from 0.7 to 2.5 μg g−1 dry wt. d−1 for forest soil, from 0.1 to 0.9 μg g−1 dry wt. d−1 for grassland soil, and from 0.1 to 0.4 μg g−1 dry wt. d−1 for agricultural soil and increased with increasing temperature and CH3Cl supplementation. The measured mean stable hydrogen enrichment factor of CH3Cl of −50 ± 13‰ was unaffected by temperature, mixing ratio, or soil type. In contrast, the stable carbon enrichment factor depended on CH3Cl degradation rates and ranged from −38 to −11‰. Bacterial community composition correlated with soil properties was independent from CH3Cl degradation or isotope enrichment. Nevertheless, increased abundance after CH3Cl incubation was observed in 21 bacterial operational taxonomical units (OTUs at the 97% 16S RNA sequence identity level). This suggests that some of these bacterial taxa, although not previously associated with CH3Cl degradation, may play a role in the microbial CH3Cl sink in soil.

Core Ideas

Chloromethane biodegradation is affected by temperature and soil properties.

The stable carbon enrichment factor of CH3Cl strongly depends on CH3Cl consumption.

The overall bacterial community is unaffected by chloromethane degradation.

Unexpected bacterial taxa displayed increased abundance upon CH3Cl incubation.
Sources of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Rural River System
Authors: McConnell Mandy M. , Hansen Lisbeth Truelstrup , Neudorf Kara D. , Hayward Jenny L. , Jamieson Rob C. , Yost Chris K. , Tong Anthony
Published: March 2018

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is problematic due to the risk of horizontal gene transfer and development of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Using a suite of monitoring tools, this study aimed to investigate the sources of ARGs in a rural river system in Nova Scotia, Canada. The monitoring program specifically focused on the relative contribution of ARGs from a single tertiary‐level wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in comparison to contributions from the upgradient rural, sparsely developed, watershed. The overall gene concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased downstream from the WWTP, suggesting that tertiary‐level treatment still contributes ARGs to the environment. As a general trend, ARG concentrations upstream were found to decrease as proximity to human‐impacted areas decreased; however, many ARGs remained above detection limits in headwater river samples, which suggested their ubiquitous presence in this watershed in the absence of obvious pollution sources. Significant correlations with ARGs were found for HF183 human fecal marker, Escherichia coli, and some antibiotics, suggesting that these markers may be useful for prediction and understanding of ARG levels and sources in rural rivers.

Core Ideas

Tertiary wastewater treatment contributed antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the river.

ARG levels decreased as proximity to anthropogenic influence decreased.

ARGs were observed at detectable levels even in undeveloped headwaters.

High flow conditions correlated to high ARG loading in the river.

Positive correlations were found between ARGs and fecal indicators.
Adaptación del Algoritmo Genético para la Creación de Árboles de Enrutamiento en una Red de Sensores Inalámbrica
Authors: Rodríguez-Vivas Ángela María , Corrales-Muñoz Juan Carlos
Published: March 2018

Las redes de sensores inalámbricas usadas para monitorear cultivos en países en vía de desarrollo tienen características particulares como: el despliegue de nodos sensores es escaso, los recorridos de los paquetes de datos son extensos, y su ciclo de vida debe alcanzar por lo menos seis meses. Teniendo en cuenta que estas redes tienen capacidades limitadas (en términos de procesamiento, memoria, etc.) y que el principal consumidor de potencia en los nodos es el módulo de radiofrecuencia, el requerimiento de los seis meses de longevidad se convierte en un objetivo de diseño. En este artículo se propone una técnica de enrutamiento que tiene en cuenta los parámetros que afectan la transmisión de datos en una WSN desplegada en un campo de cultivo, adaptando con base en ellos el algoritmo genético. Para esto se comparan, en términos de tiempo de ejecución, dos métodos de selección del algoritmo.
Significado de la Línea Editorial en la Revista Lámpsakos
Authors: Correa-Henao Gabriel Jaime
Published: March 2018

La revista Lámpsakos es una publicación adscrita a la Facultad de Ingenierías de la Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó, Medellín, Colombia. Tiene por objetivo divulgar artículos originales e inéditos como resultados de investigación científica y tecnológica de las áreas de ingenierías. Fundada en 2009, la revista tiene una periodicidad semestral (se publica en junio y diciembre) con alcance nacional e internacional, tiene circulación online de libre acceso, bajo estándares de rigor científico y de calidad editorial
Seguridad Energética y Protección de Infraestructuras Críticas
Authors: Correa-Henao Gabriel Jaime , Yusta-Loyo José María
Published: March 2018

En los últimos años se ha intensificado la preocupación de todos los países y gobiernos por la seguridad del abastecimiento energético, y particularmente sobre la protección de las infraestructuras críticas para el suministro de energía. A los marcos de referencia internacionales de la Directiva 2008/114/CE de la UE y el Plan Nacional de Protección de Infraestructuras de EE.UU de 2009, se suma en España la reciente aprobación de la Ley 8/2011 y del Real Decreto 704/2011 sobre identificación y protección de infraestructuras críticas. En este artículo se muestran, en el marco de estas referencias, distintas estrategias internacionales de organización de la protección de infraestructuras. También se propone un marco conceptual para la identificación de riesgos en infraestructuras eléctricas mediante mapas de riesgos interconectados.
Modelado y Simulación del Problema de Movilidad Vehicular en un Sistema de Intersecciones Semafóricas
Authors: Sánchez Paola Andrea , Villa-Garzón Fernán
Published: March 2018

En el contexto global se percibe un aumento del parque automotor. Fenómeno que, entre otros requerimientos, demanda sistemas de tráfico eficientes que respondan al volumen de vehículos que hacen uso de las vías y garanticen una adecuada movilidad. No obstante, esta visión no se corresponde con lo que sucede actualmente en las vías de las medianas y grandes ciudades que presentan problemas complejos de movilidad. El mayor impacto de las reducciones en la movilidad se encuentra en las congestiones de tráfico en sistemas de intersecciones semaforizadas. En este artículo se modela un sistema de semáforos en Medellín y se simulan, como solución, diferentes distribuciones en los tiempos de los semáforos. Los resultados encontrados con la simulación mejoran el comportamiento real y permiten sugerir políticas para el control de tráfico en la ciudad, de acuerdo con el número de vehículos.
Función Reguladora del Sistema Nervioso en la Pigmentación de la Carpa Dorada: un Experimento de Ingeniería Genética
Authors: Cifuentes-Portocarrero Javier , Loaiza-Poteros Adriana
Published: March 2018

La acción que el sistema nervioso ejerce sobre el conjunto de células cromatóforos de los peces, la establecieron numerosos investigadores apoyándose en experiencias de excitación y de seccionamiento de nervios, así como en ensayos de estimulación eléctrica y de mutilación de determinados centros y tractos nerviosos. Con todo, y no obstante la armonía que existe en el estudio de la fisiología cromática de los teleósteos, en lo que atañe al control que ejerce el sistema nervioso a las células pigmentarias, los resultados diametralmente opuestos, apuntados sobre la materia por diversos investigadores, ponen de manifiesto la conveniencia de realizar otros estudios al respecto. En  este artículo se hace la descripción de un trabajo que forma parte de las experiencias que se realizan en nuestro laboratorio, con el objeto de determinar el papel que desempeñan diferentes factores en el sistema de pigmentación de la carpa dorada - Carassius auratus.
Influencia de la Ingeniería en el Desarrollo Comercial de la Humanidad: Edad Antigua
Authors: Saravia Ana María
Published: March 2018

Básicamente, el comercio es el intercambio de mercancías, de servicios o de ambos. En la antigüedad, la cara real del comercio era el trueque, que consistía en el intercambio directo de bienes y servicios. Hoy, los comerciantes negocian generalmente con dinero como medio de intercambio, por lo que su invención hizo más simple comerciar. El comercio puede darse por la especialización y división del trabajo o porque una región tiene una ventaja comparativa en la producción de algún bien comercializable. Pero de la misma manera, para poder desarrollar el comercio, se necesitó de la ayuda y el desarrollo de áreas específicas que la ingeniería brindó.En este trabajo de hace una descripción de la influencia de la ingeniería en el desarrollo del comercio mundial desde la antigüedad hasta la caída del Imperio romano.
De Newton a Einstein: A Debate el Destino del Universo
Authors: Parreira Rogelio , Yanuba Bianca
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se describe la historia del pensamiento científico en términos de las teorías de la inercia, el espacio absoluto, la relatividad y la gravitación; de cómo Newton utilizó el trabajo de los primeros investigadores en sus teorías, y Einstein las teorías de Newton en la suya, para tratar de explicar el destino del universo. Es la descripción de un proceso revolucionario del conocimiento científico, y sus aportes al desarrollo de muchos otros campos del saber
Editorial Edición # 5
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar
Published: March 2018

Los editores apreciamos en gran medida a aquellos árbitros que logran de forma excelente su objetivo de proporcionar evaluaciones justificadas y poder retroalimentar con calidad a los autores.
Editorial Edición # 6
Authors: Sánchez Paola Andrea
Published: March 2018

Editorial Edición # 6. Semestre 2 de 2010
Análisis Conceptual de la Interoperabilidad entre Sistemas de Información Geográfica
Authors: Zapata-Jaramillo Carlos Mario , Toro-Botero Mauricio , Marín Maria Isabel
Published: March 2018

Hoy en día los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se utilizan ampliamente al interior de las empresas para la gestión de la información espacial. Usualmente, el desarrollo de estos sistemas y sus bases de datos se realizan de manera aislada, generando inconvenientes a la hora de intentar compartir los datos y las funciones entre ellas. Este problema evidencia la necesidad de buscar opciones de interoperabilidad—definida ésta como la capacidad de los programas para compartir sus datos y procesos de manera que haya poca o nula intervención del usuario—entre los SIG. Existen varios esfuerzos realizados en esta dirección, principalmente a nivel sintáctico y semántico, clasificados en cuatro grupos principales: 1) la definición de estándares, 2) la elaboración de ontologías en el dominio SIG, 3) el desarrollo de servicios web y 4) la implementación de computación grid. En este artículo se realiza un análisis conceptual de los trabajos realizados en cada clasificación, se sintetizan los aportes identificados y se presenta un resumen mediante un esquema preconceptual
Editorial: Responsabilidad de las Facultades de Ingeniería Frente al Desarrollo del País
Authors: López-Quintero Germán A.
Published: March 2018

Respecto a la formación en Ingeniería es necesario estructurar programas de estudio pertinentes y con los recursos suficientes para formar ingeniero que, en su ejercicio profesional, contribuyan efectivamente con el desarrollo del país, en esta sociedad global denominada “del conocimiento”.
Uso de los Conceptos Básicos de NXT-G 2.0 en la Construcción y Desarrollo de un Robot Seguidor de Línea
Authors: Soto-Montoya Jonathan Alexander , Gómez-Naranjo Julio César , Torres-Pardo Íngrid Durley
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se muestra la estrategia de programación de un seguidor de línea, a partir de la aplicación de fórmulas matemáticas básicas. Las formulas son traducidas en un lenguaje gráfico elemental, que hace posible la experimentación de la estrategia, en un robot LEGO MINDSTORM
Construcción de un Aplicativo para el Control De Activos Tecnológicos al Interior de una Organización: Beneficios y Experiencias
Authors: Jaramillo-Arango Adrián Alberto , Correa-Henao Gabriel Jaime
Published: March 2018

Este artículo presenta la realización de un caso de estudio, que incluye el desarrollo e implementación de una herramienta de gestión de recursos tecnológicos, con aplicaciones en la mejora de los procesos de organizaciones con certificaciones en gestión de calidad. El desarrollo de la metodología y su respectiva aplicación se ha implementado en la “Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó”, en línea con su modelo administrativo de gestión por procesos, lo cual contribuye a su reconocimiento como institución educativa de alta calidad. Los resultados de este caso de estudio han demostrado las ventajas de automatizar los diferentes procedimientos a través de herramientas de software, los cuales contribuyen a consolidar el sistema de gestión de calidad. En el artículo también se presenta una reflexión sobre la estrategia metodológica que soporta la construcción de una herramienta de software, la cual tiene en cuenta la combinación de los paradigmas ingeniería de requerimientos y los enfoques administrativos propios de la organización, para facilitar la gestión del conocimiento y la administración de activos tecnológicos
Editorial: Política de Ética en la Escritura de Publicaciones Científicas en la Revista Lámpsakos
Authors: Correa-Henao Gabriel Jaime
Published: March 2018

A partir del primer número de la revista Lámpsakos, editado en el primer semestre del año 2009, los comités editoriales y científicos de la revista han enfatizado en la necesidad de aplicar una política de publicación que garantice parámetros éticos por parte de cada autor. Dicha filosofía está documentada correctamente en las políticas de cesión de derechos, revisión por pares académicos y declaración de originalidad del trabajo, los cuales son aceptadas por los autores al momento de enviar sus manuscritos a través de la plataforma OJS o mediante diligenciamiento de formatos disponibles en la página de la revista.
Trends and changes detection in rainfall, temperature and wind speed in Burundi
Authors: Lawin Agnidé Emmanuel , Manirakiza Célestin , Lamboni Batablinlè
Published: March 2018

This paper assessed the potential impacts of trends detected in rainfall, temperature and wind speed on hydro and wind power resources in Burundi. Two climatic stations located at two contrasting regions, namely Rwegura catchment and northern Imbo plain, were considered. Rainfall, temperature and wind speed observed data were considered for the period 1950–2014 and future projection data from seven Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for the period 2021–2050 were used. The interannual variability analysis was made using standardized variables. Trends and rupture were respectively detected through Mann–Kendall and Pettitt non-parametric tests. Mann–Whitney and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were considered as subseries comparison tests. The results showed a downward trend of rainfall while temperature and wind speed revealed upward trends for the period 1950–2014. All models projected increases in temperature and wind speed compared to the baseline period 1981–2010. Five models forecasted an increase in rainfall at northern Imbo plain station while four models projected a decrease in rainfall at Rwegura station. November was forecasted by the ensemble mean model to slightly increase in rainfall for both stations. Therefore, the country of Burundi may benefit more if it plans to invest in wind power.
Multivariate frequency analysis of urban rainfall characteristics using three-dimensional copulas
Authors: Liu Chenglin , Zhou Yuwen , Sui Jun , Wu Chuanhao
Published: March 2018

Urban runoff is a major cause of urban flooding and is difficult to monitor in the long term. In contrast, long term continuous rainfall data are generally available for any given region. As a result, it has become customary to use design rainfall depth as a proxy for runoff in urban hydrological analyses, with an assumption of the same frequency for runoff and rainfall. However, this approach has lack of overall coordination and cannot fully reflect the variability of rainfall characteristics. To address this issue, this study presents a three-dimensional copula-based multivariate frequency analysis of rainfall characteristics based on a long term (1961–2012) rainfall data from Guangzhou, China. Firstly, continuous rainfall data were divided into individual rainfall events using the rainfall intensity method. Then the characteristic variables of rainfall (design rainfall depth, DRD; total rainfall depth, TRD; peak rainfall depth, PRD) were sampled using the annual maximum method. Finally, a copula method was used to develop the multivariate joint probability distribution and the conditional probability distribution of rainfall characteristics. The results showed that the copula-based method is easy to implement and can better reflect urban rainstorm characteristics. It can serve a scientific reference for urban flood control and drainage planning.
Atrio-Ventricular Septal Defect in Pregnant Women, How to Deal with it: A Case Study
Authors: D. & Caroline , M Yogiarto
Published: March 2018

Atrio-Ventricular Septal Defect in Pregnant Women, How to Deal with it: A Case Study
Obesity in Patient with Grown Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Pulmonary Hypertension in Sanglah Hospital, Bali
Authors: N., et al Natasya
Published: March 2018

Obesity in Patient with Grown Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Pulmonary Hypertension in Sanglah Hospital, Bali
Risk Assessment in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension According to Right Atrial Pressure and Correlation Between Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure with Right Atrial Pressure in Uncorrected Atrial Septal Defect Patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital
Authors: D., et al Krisnawati
Published: March 2018

Risk Assessment in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension According to Right Atrial Pressure and Correlation Between Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure with Right Atrial Pressure in Uncorrected Atrial Septal Defect Patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital
Aspirin and Clopidogrel Resistance in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hidayati Fera , Irawan Bambang , Mumpuni Hasanah
Published: March 2018

Dual antiplatelet therapy has been proven effective to reduce recurrent cardiovascular eventin patients with coronary artery disease and recommended as standard therapy for acute coronary syndrome and patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The adverse clinical occurrence in patients who taking aspirin and clopidogrel associates with antiplatelet non responsiveness, in addition to repetitive bleeding incident in such a way that platelet reactivity and genetic polymorphisms investigation rises intense interest. Resistance to antiplatelet or antiplatelet non responsiveness means a phenomenon in which antiplatelet drug fails to deliver pharmacological target and it is determined by platelet function measurement. Recent laboratorymethods have been developed to diagnose antiplatelet resistance, but none of them was considered as standard tool since its wide inter-individual variability and poor correlation between them. The mechanism of antiplatelet resistance is not fully understood, multifactorial, involving pharmaco dynamic and pharmacokinetic of the drugs. This review is aimed to comprehend theantiplatelet resistance mechanism and provide crucial information on managing patients who take dual antiplatelet treatment with adverse clinical events.
Diagnostic Values of P-Wave Dispersion to Detect Diastolic Function in Patient with Hypertension
Authors: Bhaskara Braghmandaru Adhi , Irmawan Rano , Dinarti Lucia Kris , Mumpuni Hasanah
Published: March 2018

Background: Hypertension is one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease. Patients with hypertension have increase risk of heart failure compared to populations with normal blood pressure. Clinical evidence shows diastolic dysfunction (DD) can lead to heart failure. Diagnostic of DD with echocardiography is important but access to echocardiography machines is limited compared to electrocardiography (ECG). ECG research correlates P-wave dispersion (PWD) with DD. The aim of this study is to determine the value of PWD to diagnose DD in patients with hypertension.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in patients with hypertension at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Patients received echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure measurement and data recording. The diastolic dysfunction was determined based on 2016 ASE/EACVI criteria. We conducted ROC analysis to determine the cut-off point of P-wave dispersion and the area under the curve (AUC) value, and bivariate analysis on demographic and clinical factors related to PWD. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the independent factors affecting PWD.Results: 113 patients met the criteria of the study subjects, with 47 men (37.2%), mean age 58.32±11.17 years. Thirteen (11.5%) subjects had DD and 37 subjects (32.7%) with increased PWD. Results showed increased PWD above 71.4 m.s with AUC 76.2%, sensitivity 75%, specifcity 72.2%, positive predictive value 33.3%, negative predictive value 96%, and accuracy of 72.5% in diagnosing DD.Conclusion: This is the frst study to examine the diagnostic value of PWD to detect diastolic function based on 2016 ASE/EACVI criteria. We found PWD above cut-off point 71.4 m.s has a moderate diagnostic value for detecting DD in patients with hypertension.