bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Internet Activism During the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: A Campus Network Perspective
Authors: Husák Martin , Laštovička Martin , Plesník Tomáš
Published: May 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 raised an enormous wave of Internet activism and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks launched with the help of common users across the world. In this article, we describe the events of the first days after the invasion from the perspective of the cybersecurity incident response team of Masaryk University in the Czech Republic. We observed hundreds of users intentionally participating in DDoS attacks against Russia from the university’s network. The campus network faced only minor issues in terms of service unavailability, but alerts flooded the cybersecurity team. Two dimensions of the events are highlighted. First, the large-scale attacks in an unexpected direction were highly unusual and brought technical challenges in network monitoring and intrusion detection. Second, hacktivism still violates the campus network’s terms of use and requires the cybersecurity team to communicate the issues very carefully with the community.
Expecting Brexit
Authors: Dhingra Swati , Sampson Thomas
Published: May 2022

The Brexit vote precipitated the unraveling of the United Kingdom's membership in the world's deepest economic integration agreement. This article reviews evidence on the realized economic effects of Brexit. The 2016 Brexit referendum changed expectations about future UK–EU relations. Studying its consequences provides new insights regarding the economic impacts of news and uncertainty shocks. Voting for Brexit had large negative effects on the UK economy between 2016 and 2019, leading to higher import and consumer prices, lower investment, and slower real wage and GDP growth. However, at the aggregate level, there was little or no trade diversion away from the European Union, implying that many of the anticipated long-run effects of Brexit did not materialize before the new UK–EU trade relationship came into force in 2021.
Serum PTH Associated with Malnutrition Determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Technology in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Liu Lilin , Wang Lulu , Wang Xiao , Xiong Mingxia , Cao Hongdi , Jiang Lei , Yang Junwei
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Chronic malnutrition and cachexia are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and importance should be given to these complications because they affect the patient’s quality of life and prognosis. This study analyzed the correlation between the serum PTH level, nutritional status, and body composition of patients with CKD. Methods. CKD patients were enrolled in Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from December 1, 2016, to November 30, 2020. Bioelectrical impedance technology was applied to estimate the body composition. The characteristics of the body composition were compared among different stages of CKD patients, and then the correlation between PTH and body composition was analyzed. Results. 205 CKD patients were enrolled. Twenty-five patients were in stage 1 or 2 of CKD, 78 patients were in stage 3 or 4, 31 patients were in stage 5 without dialysis (referred to as CKD stage 5A), and 71 patients were in stage 5 with dialysis (referred to as CKD stage 5B). Body composition analysis showed that the patients had a phase angle (PA) of 5.02 ± 1.07°, a percentage of body fat (PBF) of 27.74 ± 8.8%, and a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of 7.4 ± 1.34 kg/m2. PBF peaked in the CKD stage 3/4 group and gradually decreased with the progression of CKD. The PA and SMI differed significantly between the CKD stage 1/2 and stage 5B groups. The proportion of low SMI did not differ significantly between the CKD stage 1/2 and stage 3/4 groups, but it was obviously higher in the CKD stage 5A and 5B groups. PTH was significantly correlated with BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and SMI. Binary logistic regression of low SMI showed that the odds ratio for PTH levels was greater than the upper limit of the normal range, which was 11.769 (

p
=
0.043

, 95% confidence interval: 1.078–128.536), and the model predictive power was 0.986 after correction for age, sex, height, weight, hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and basal metabolic rate. Conclusions. Bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful in estimating the nutritional status of CKD patients in terms of fat and muscle parameters. High levels of PTH are an independent risk factor for developing low SMI in CKD patients.
Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Proliferation and Migration of Renal Carcinoma Cells and Its Mechanism
Authors: Lyu Xiao , Zhang Xuhui , Sun Libin , Wang Jingqi , Wang Dongwen
Published: May 2022

Background. Renal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Autophagy can be both activated and inhibited in renal carcinoma, and it plays a double-edged role in the development of renal carcinoma. In the early stage of cancer, autophagy can suppress tumors. In the late stage, autophagy contributes to the survival of tumor cells in an unfavorable environment, and some autophagy-related proteins P62, LC3B, and beclin-1 have become indicators of the prognosis of patients with renal carcinoma. Aim. To demonstrate that ursolic acid activates autophagy in renal carcinoma 786-O cells by inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway. Methods. The effect of ursolic acid on the viability of 786-O cells was determined by the MTT method; the effect of ursolic acid on the proliferation and migration of 786-O cells was examined by crystalline violet staining and scratch assay, respectively. For the study of autophagy, we firstly screened the time points. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of autophagic protein P62 at different time points of ursolic acid on 786-O. Then, the Cell MeterTM Autophagy Assay Kit was used to detect the effect of different doses of ursolic acid on the autophagic fluorescence intensity of 786-O cells; the Western blot method was used to detect the effect of different doses of ursolic acid on the expression levels of LC3II and P62 proteins in 786-O cells. Further, AdPlus-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus transfection was used to detect the effect of ursolic acid on the autophagic flow of 786-O cells; ursolic acid was combined with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) to detect the expression level of autophagy protein LC3II by Western blot. In terms of mechanism, the effect of ursolic acid on hedgehog signaling pathway-related proteins in 786-O cells was detected by Western blot. Results. Ursolic acid inhibited the activity, proliferation, and migration of 786-O cells, enhanced the fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes in 786-O cells, increased the expression level of autophagy marker protein LC3II, and inhibited the expression level of P62 in a time and dose-dependent manner; ursolic acid activated the autophagic flow in 786-O cells, which showed that ursolic acid caused the accumulation of autophagic fluorescent spots and enhanced the fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes. Ursolic acid activated the autophagic flow in 786-O cells, as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic fluorescent spots and enhanced fluorescence intensity of autophagosomes, and the combined use of the autophagy inhibitor CQ increased the expression level of LC3II compared to ursolic acid alone; ursolic acid decreased the expression levels of PTCH1, GLI1, SMO, SHH, and c-Myc and increased the expression level of Sufu in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusion. Ursolic acid activates autophagy in renal carcinoma 786-O cells, probably by inhibiting hedgehog signaling pathway activity.
Risk Assessment of Water Inrush from Coal Floor Based on Karst Fractal-Vulnerability Index Method
Authors: Li Rui-Peng , Zheng Lulin , Xie Jing , Lin Jian-Yun , Qiu Qing
Published: May 2022

Hidden karst structures are developed irregularly in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation aquifer from the northern part of the Guizhou coalfield, China. Mining operations associated with the exploitation of coal seams from the lower part of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation are threatened by karst waters from the underlying strata. To improve the accuracy of water inrush risk assessment of the karst aquifer floor in the northern Guizhou coalfield, the karst fractal quantification technique is implemented. In this study, the karst aquifer of the Maokou Formation located under the floor of the No. 15 coal seam from the Honglin Coal Mine is considered as the research object. Based on the karst results predicted by geophysical exploration methods, the fractal theory is used to quantify the degree of karst development, while the risk of water inrush from the floor of the coal seam is evaluated by applying ArcGIS information processing technology combined with the vulnerability index method. The results indicate the following observations: the mean fractal dimension of karst in the study area is 1.53, the karst structures are highly developed, and the overall distribution of karst is characterized by an irregular NW-SE direction; the main controlling factors affecting water inrush from the floor of the No. 15 coal seam are expressed by the water pressure of the aquifer, the abundance of water in the aquifer, the degree of karst development, the thickness of the effective impermeable layer, the mining depth, the coal seam dip angle, and the degree of fault complexity; the areas with the highest risk of floor water inrush are predominantly concentrated in the northwestern and central parts, but there is also a risk of floor water inrush in the first mining area of the No. 15 coal seam. This study takes into consideration complex factors such as the typical karst aquifer and the hydrogeological conditions in the northern part of the Guizhou coalfield, which results in a more realistic interpretation and can provide further guidance for water control activities in the mining area.
On Topological Properties of Degree-Based Entropy of Hex-Derived Network of Type 3
Authors: Zhu Cun-Bin , Ali Haidar , Ali Bilal , Ali Parvez , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: May 2022

Hex-derived network has an assortment of significant applications in medicine store, equipment, and network organization. Graph entropy depends upon distribution probability of vertex set and on graph itself. There are numerous issues in discrete math, software engineering, statistics, and data innovation where graph entropies are utilized to portray the reasonable constructions. In this paper, we talk about hex-derived network of type 3 denoted as

HDN
3

n

. We likewise figure degree-based entropies, for example, Randic’, ABC, and GA entropy of

HDN
3

n

.
Study on the Coevolution Mechanism of Slope and Prevention Structures under Rainfall
Authors: Tang Lin , Wu Daoyong , Wu Honggang , Wei Hong , Pang Jun , Guan Wei , Sun Hao
Published: May 2022

The relationship between slope and prevention structures under the action of rainfall is complicated. In this paper, a series of model tests were carried out to study the coevolution mechanism of slope and prevention structures under rainfall. It was found that the prestressed grouting steel anchor tube frame beam composite structure has a good reinforcement and protective effect on the slope. Specifically, less damage degree is observed for a slope with prestressed grouting steel anchor tube frame beam, while the slope of without prestressed grouting steel anchor tube frame beam suffers from severe deformation. Under the effect of rainfall, the evolution process of slope and prevention structure cooperative deformation can be divided into three stages: creep stage, extrusion stage, and acceleration stage. The antisliding force provided by the prevention structure is positively correlated with the slope deformation. Moreover, as an initiating factor for changes in various monitoring parameters, rainfall plays a dominant role in the variation of earth pressure reinforcement by steel anchor tube.
Availability and Reliability Analysis of a k-Out-of-n Warm Standby System with Common-Cause Failure and Fuzzy Failure and Repair Rates
Authors: El-Ghamry Eman , Muse Abdisalam Hassan , Aldallal Ramy , Mohamed Mohamed S.
Published: May 2022

In the real life, there exists limited information or uncertainty in knowledge about failure and repair rates which follow one of the standard distributions as exponential distribution and Weibull distribution with some parameters. We suppose that these parameters are fuzzy which allow one to specify a system design for a “worst-case scenario.” In this paper, the fuzzy availability and the fuzzy reliability of a redundant repairable parallel k-out-of-n warm standby system with common-cause failure are evaluated. We assume that the failure time of each operating unit or warm standby unit follows Weibull distribution with two fuzzy parameters and the repair time of any failed unit follows exponential distribution with one fuzzy parameter. Each fuzzy parameter is represented by triangular membership function estimated from statistical data taken from random samples of each unit. Also, we give a numerical example for a fuzzy repairable parallel 3-out-of-5 warm standby system with two active and three warm standby units to get analytically and represent graphically the fuzzy availability and reliability function of this fuzzy system.
Dynamics Analysis for a Stochastic SIRI Model Incorporating Media Coverage
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Liu Guirong
Published: May 2022

We investigate a stochastic SIRI model incorporating media coverage. Firstly, existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of the model are established. By using the Hasminskii theory, we study stationary distribution of the model. Then, we prove extinction of the disease. Moreover, the asymptotic properties of solutions are studied by using Lyapunov method. Finally, numerical simulations are presented. In addition, it shows that media coverage can strain the spread of infectious diseases.
Influencing Factors of CO2 Emissions in Chinese Power Industry: A Study from the Production and Consumption Perspectives
Authors: Liu Qiang , Mao Chunmei , Tian Fan
Published: May 2022

China’s huge regional differences are taken into consideration to study the influencing factors and their differences in CO2 emissions of the power industry from different regions. This study aimed to improve the efficiency of CO2 emission reduction policies. From the production and consumption perspectives, this study analyzes the influencing factors of CO2 emissions and utilizes the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to decompose CO2 emissions with consideration of the cross-regional power dispatching in the power industry. The results indicate that the trend of CO2 emissions in the eastern, central, and western China seems similar during years 2005 to 2017 no matter from which perspective. From the production perspective, power consumption is the main factor in CO2 emission increase and its affect extent may vary from different regions over a period of time. Energy efficiency inhibits CO2 emission increase in all regions. The power structure and power distribution across regions affect CO2 emissions significantly different in amount and direction from region to region. From the consumption perspective, economic activity plays a major role in CO2 emission increase and plays a similar role in the trend of CO2 emissions in three regions, but its affect extent on CO2 emissions varies in different regions. Targeted policy recommendations are provided to reduce CO2 emissions more effectively from China’s power industry.
Design and Implementation of Interactive Platform for Operation and Maintenance of Multimedia Information System Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Yan Xin , Yan Junhui
Published: May 2022

In order to cope with the challenges that operators face after the impact of diversified social channels in the field of interactive services, we actively build a new generation of intelligent interactive systems based on artificial intelligence technology, a semantic understanding, and intention recognition, covering rich media content, omnichannel coverage, high-frequency knowledge updates, consistent service response, high-quality, and low-cost intelligent interactive solutions is proposed. The solution provides overall business modeling for scenario design and a scenario-based knowledge expression system, with the function of fragmented knowledge processing. With complete text and voice information, combined with pictures, text, audio, video, and other multimedia, we intelligently interact with users, allowing users to obtain required information and solve problems in a pleasant and relaxing interaction. Therefore, the research and exploration of the intelligent interactive system architecture based on artificial intelligence is a useful practice and strong support for operators to redefine the connotation and elements of “smart service” in the process of building “smart operation.” Through repeated tests, it can be seen that the language similarity has reached 0.75549, which is very close to 1.0000. It can be seen that the design of this platform has been successful.
Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in a Patient with an Ileal Conduit
Authors: Stemrich Raymond A. , Patel Neel Hasmukh , Baber Jacob A. , Ferretti Mark J.
Published: May 2022

Background. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma remains an uncommon disease that is clinically difficult to identify early and surveil. Open nephroureterectomy is the gold standard for patients with high-grade disease, especially for patients in whom surveillance is complicated such as those with prior cystectomies/ileal conduits. This report presents a case of a patient with a history of radical cystectomy and ileal conduit construction who underwent a successful minimally invasive robotic surgery for treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Case Presentation. The patient is a 72-year-old Caucasian male with a history of recurrent superficial bladder tumors treated with cystoscopies with fulguration, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and a robot-assisted cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections and hematuria secondary to a ureteral stricture. The patient was admitted previously for urosepsis during which time a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was inserted on the right side. Upon presentation, imaging revealed a lesion extending from the lower pole of the right kidney into the renal pelvis. The presence of a nephrostomy and urostomy allowed the surgical team to utilize a minimally invasive approach to remove the diseased kidney and ureter with visualization enhanced by indocyanine green. Conclusion. Minimally invasive robot-assisted approaches to treating upper tract urothelial carcinomas may offer an alternative to the open cases typically employed in cases of patients with prior ileal conduit. Furthermore, utilizing indocyanine green may expand the applicability of such approaches to uro-oncologic cases with greater complexity.
LSTM-Based RNN Framework to Remove Motion Artifacts in Dynamic Multicontrast MR Images with Registration Model
Authors: Ayub Shahanaz , Kannan R. Jagadeesh , S Shitharth , Alsini Raed , Hasanin Tawfiq , Sasidhar Choragudi
Published: May 2022

Today, many people under the age of 10 are being examined for brain-related issues, including tumours, without displaying any symptoms. It is not unusual for children to develop brain-related concerns such as tumours and central nervous system disorders, which may affect 15% of the population. Medical experts believe that the irregular eating habits (junk food) and the consumption of pesticide-tainted fruits and vegetables are to blame. The human body is naturally resistant to harmful gears, but only up to a point. If it exceeds the limit, a cell manipulation process is automatically initiated that can remove dangerous inactive tissues from the cell membrane and later grows into tumour blockage in the human body. Thus, the adoption of an advanced computer-based diagnostic system is highly recommended in order to generate visually enhanced images for anomaly identification and infectious tissue segmentation. In most cases, an MR image is chosen since it is easier to distinguish between affected and nonaffected tissue. Conventional convolution neural network (CCNN) mapping and feature extraction are difficult because of the vast volume of data. In addition, it takes a lengthy time for the MRI scanning process to obtain diverse positions for anomaly identification. Aside from the discomfort, the patient may experience motion abnormalities. Recurrent neural network (RNN) classifies tumour regions into several isolated portions much faster and more accurately, so that it can be prevented. To remove motion artefacts from dynamic multicontrast MR images, a novel long short-term memory- (LSTM-) based RNN framework is introduced in this research. With this method, the MR image’s visual quality is improved over CCNN while simultaneously mapping a larger volume and extracting more quiet characteristics than CCNN can. DC-CNN, SMSR-CNN, FMSI-CNN, and DRCA-CNN results are compared. For both low and high signal-to-noise ratios, the suggested LSTM-based RNN framework has gained reasonable feature intelligibility (SNRs). In comparison to previous approaches, it requires less computing and has higher accuracy when it comes to detecting infected portions.
Privacy-Preserving Sports Wearable Data Fusion Framework
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2022

When the sports industry has access to advanced training and preparation techniques, the sports sector is entering a new era, where real-time data processing services have a crucial priority in improving physical fitness and avoiding injuries to athletes. The primary sports support methodology is based on multiple sensors, mainly wearables, often of different types and technology, which collect somatometric data in real time and are usually analyzed with deep learning technologies. And while modern athletes train and prepare intelligently using the innovative techniques of available technology, there is considerable concern about the use of personal data. There is great concern about cyberattacks and possible data leaks that could affect the sports industry and sports in general. To secure the personal data of athletes collected and analyzed by sports wearables, this paper presents a privacy-preserving sports wearable data fusion framework. This is an advanced methodology based on Lagrange's relaxation method for the problem of multiple assignments and synthesis of information by numerous sensors and the use of differential privacy to access databases with personal information, ensuring that this information will remain personal without a third entity may disclose the identity of the athlete who provided the data.
Pricing and Distribution Strategies of Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain considering Substitutes
Authors: He Xiaomei , Zhang Chi , Guo Xiaotong
Published: May 2022

In this article, we study the distribution, ordering, and pricing strategies when the supplier has a limited output and the retailer has substitute suppliers in a fresh agricultural product supply chain. The Stackelberg game method is adopted to study the optimal strategy of suppliers and retailers with suppliers as the leader and retailers as the follower. The results show that the wholesale price and selling price of suppliers are related to the price of substitutes and the substitution rate, the wholesale price and online selling price increase when the retailer introduces high-quality substitutes. When substitutes exist, the supplier is willing to distribute more fresh agricultural products to retailers. As the substitution rate increases, suppliers are willing to distribute more quantities. Therefore, retailers should choose more suppliers and fresh agricultural products with a higher substitution rate.
Applied Research of Water Jet Technology in Preventing Rock Burst Occurred in Roadways
Authors: Yang Zeng-qiang , Xiao Cang-yan , Li Chang-hao , Ren Chang-le
Published: May 2022

Taking mining area 2502 in the Huayan mine field which was affected by strong geological tectonic stress as an engineering background, the water jet technology is studied through in-site survey, laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field industrial test. The research results are as follows: the burst tendency of No. 5 coal seam can be reduced to a certain extent after softening with water, and then the water jet technology is used to prevent rock burst of roadways; the typical characteristics of rock-burst accidents mainly cause heaving floor and serious deformation of two sides. The occurrence mechanism of rock burst in roadway ribs has two different forms, and they are static load dominant type and dynamic load dominant type. The abutment stress concentration value is higher than a certain concentration static load, it will affect the coal and rock medium in the floor, and the coal and rock medium in the floor will be transformed into a plastic state and then occur rock burst; the water jet technology for roadway ribs can effectively prevent rock burst of roadway ribs and floor based on the dynamic and static loads superposition theory and Terzaghi theory. Based on the results of numerical simulation, the specific parameters of water jet technology for roadway ribs in 250204 tailgate are as follows: the diameter and length of initial borehole are 110 mm and 20.0 m, the diameter and length of water jet section are 500 mm and 15.0 m, and the spacing between adjacent water jet boreholes is 3.0 m; the monitoring result of signal intensity by EMR indicates that the decreasing amplitude of signal intensity of EMR is about 60.2% on the side of coal-pillar rib, and the decreasing amplitude of signal intensity of EMR is about 68.6% on the side of solid-coal rib; the convergences monitoring result indicates that the convergence ratio of roadway height is about 3.2%, and the convergence ratio of roadway width is about 2.3% in the pressure relief roadway part; the water jet technology is not only helpful to the prevention of rock burst for the roadway ribs but also can play a good prevention of rock burst for roadway floor. The research results provide a theoretical foundation and a new guidance for preventing rock burst in roadway ribs and floor with similar engineering geological conditions.
EnclavePoSt: A Practical Proof of Storage-Time in Cloud via Intel SGX
Authors: Zhang Yang , You Weijing , Jia Shijie , Liu Limin , Li Ziyi , Qian Wenfei
Published: May 2022

Data integrity is one of the most critical security concerns for users when using the cloud storage service. However, it is difficult for users to always stay online and frequently interact with storage service providers to ensure continuous data integrity in practice. The existing Proof of Storage-time schemes, enabling verifiable continuous data integrity checking at cost of performance, fail to provide flexible storage period, reliable measurement of storage time, and resistance to the outsourcing attack. In this paper, we propose EnclavePoSt, the first practical Proof of Storage-time via Intel SGX, where the data integrity checking can be automatically executed in a hardware-driven Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), i.e., the enclave, when users are offline. The checking results can be aggregated and efficiently verified by users. Besides, the elapsed time during isolated data integrity checking can be precisely measured, and the storage period is allowed to flexibly change. Lastly, our EnclavePoSt is resistant to the outsourcing attack. The security analysis and evaluations justify that the EnclavePoSt is more practical than previous works.
The Weibull Claim Model: Bivariate Extension, Bayesian, and Maximum Likelihood Estimations
Authors: Emam Walid , Tashkandy Yusra
Published: May 2022

Using a class of claim distributions, we introduce the Weibull claim distribution, which is a new extension of the Weibull distribution with three parameters. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the three unknown parameters, and the asymptotic confidence intervals and bootstrap confidence intervals are constructed. In addition, we obtained the Bayesian estimates of the unknown parameters of the Weibull claim distribution under the squared error and linear exponential function (LINEX) and the general entropy loss function. Since the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained in closed form, we compute the approximate Bayes estimates via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure. By analyzing the two data sets, the applicability and capabilities of the Weibull claim model are illustrated. The fatigue life of a particular type of Kevlar epoxy strand subjected to a fixed continuous load at a pressure level of 90% until the strand fails data set was analyzed.
Exacerbation of Congenital Hydronephrosis as the First Presentation of COVID-19 Infection in Children
Authors: Mohkam Masoumeh , Jamee Mahnaz , Kompani Farshid , Khalili Mitra , Seifi Atena , Mohajerzadeh Leily
Published: May 2022

Background. Congenital hydronephrosis is one of the most common abnormalities of the upper urinary tract, which can be exacerbated by a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic triggers. The urinary tract system is one of the major organs complicated by COVID-19 infection. Case Presentations. Here, we report five patients with an established diagnosis of congenital hydronephrosis, who presented with acute abdominal pain and fever and an abrupt increase in the anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APD). Patients had a previous stable course and were under regular follow-up with serial ultrasonographic studies. They underwent surgery or supportive treatment due to the later exacerbation of hydronephrosis. Based on the clinical and imaging findings, no plausible etiologies for these exacerbation episodes, including infection, nephrolithiasis, or abdominal masses, could be postulated. The common aspect in all these patients was the evidence of a COVID-19 infection. Conclusions. Infection with COVID-19 in children with antenatal hydronephrosis may exacerbate the degree of hydronephrosis and renal APD in ultrasonography, which itself may be mediated by the increase in inflammatory mediators.
Cutting Migration and Core Disturbance Caused by the Hydraulic Structure of Pressure- and Gas-Maintaining Coring Bits
Authors: You Zhenxi , Chen Ling , Li Cong , Liu Guikang , Ye Banghua , Shi Xiaojun
Published: May 2022

Gas disaster prevention and control is essential to coal mine safety production, with accurate measurement of gas pressure and content being the challenging key aspect. Pressure- and gas-maintaining coring devices can characterize cores in situ to achieve this accurate measurement. As an important part of these devices, the hydraulic structure of the coring bit plays a decisive role in the migration, coring rate, and core disturbance of the bottom-hole cuttings, and studying this structure is thus of great significance. In this paper, the fluid simulation software FLUENT is used to carry out numerical simulation of the bottom-hole flow field to study the cutting movement and core disturbance caused by coring bits with different hydraulic structures. The results show that (1) the best nozzle azimuth angle of 75° is beneficial to bottom-hole cutting discharge and reduces the scouring effect of the drilling fluid on the core. (2) The larger the diameter of the nozzle of the coring bit is, the weaker the cutting removal ability of the drill bit and the smaller the cutting scouring effect of the drilling fluid. The optimal nozzle diameter is 12 mm. (3) Adding a sluice channel inside the water barrier ring can reduce the erosion of drilling fluid on the core. (4) Bits with a rectangular inner passage promote cutting migration. Field application results show that the designed coring bit performs well, and the research results can provide a reference for the structure optimization of coring bits for pressure and gas retention.
Neighborhood Obesogenic Environment and Risk of Prostate Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: DeRouen Mindy C. , Tao Li , Shariff-Marco Salma , Yang Juan , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Park Song-Yi , Albright Cheryl L. , Monroe Kristine R. , Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne R. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Cheng Iona
Published: May 2022

Background:

Obesity is associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer. It is not known whether neighborhood obesogenic factors are independently associated with prostate cancer risk.

Methods:

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and four neighborhood obesogenic environment factors (urbanicity, mixed-land development, unhealthy food environment, and parks) were assessed for associations with prostate cancer risk among 41,563 African American, Japanese American, Latino, and White males in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study, California site. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for nonaggressive and aggressive prostate cancer, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, behavioral, and prostate cancer risk factors. Analyses were stratified by race, ethnicity, and, among Latino males, nativity.

Results:

Males residing in low-SES, compared with high-SES, neighborhoods had lower risk of nonaggressive prostate cancer [lowest vs. highest quintile HR = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.95, Ptrend 0.024], driven by a similar trend among foreign-born Latino males. Foreign-born Latino males in neighborhoods with low mixed-land development had increased risk of non-aggressive disease (lowest vs. highest quintile HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.07–2.09). For aggressive disease, the only association noted was between lower mixed-land development and lower risk among White males (Ptrend = 0.040).

Conclusions:

nSES and obesogenic environment factors were independently associated with prostate cancer risk; associations varied by race, ethnicity, nativity, and disease aggressiveness.

Impact:

Upstream structural and social determinants of health that contribute to neighborhood obesogenic characteristics likely impact prostate cancer risk differently across groups defined by race, ethnicity, and nativity and by disease aggressiveness.
Racial Differences in the Tumor Immune Landscape and Survival of Women with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Peres Lauren C. , Colin-Leitzinger Christelle , Sinha Sweta , Marks Jeffrey R. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Alberg Anthony J. , Bandera Elisa V. , Berchuck Andrew , Bondy Melissa L. , Christensen Brock C. , Cote Michele L. , Doherty Jennifer Anne , Moorman Patricia G. , Peters Edward S. , Moran Segura Carlos , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Schwartz Ann G. , Terry Paul D. , Wilson Christopher M. , Fridley Brooke L. , Schildkraut Joellen M.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) confer a survival benefit among patients with ovarian cancer; however, little work has been conducted in racially diverse cohorts.

Methods:

The current study investigated racial differences in the tumor immune landscape and survival of age- and stage-matched non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) enrolled in two population-based studies (n = 121 in each racial group). We measured TILs (CD3+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+), regulatory T cells (CD3+FoxP3+), myeloid cells (CD11b+), and neutrophils (CD11b+CD15+) via multiplex immunofluorescence. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the association between immune cell abundance and survival overall and by race.

Results:

Overall, higher levels of TILs, cytotoxic T cells, myeloid cells, and neutrophils were associated with better survival in the intratumoral and peritumoral region, irrespective of tissue compartment (tumor, stroma). Improved survival was noted for T-regulatory cells in the peritumoral region and in the stroma of the intratumoral region, but no association for intratumoral T-regulatory cells. Despite similar abundance of immune cells across racial groups, associations with survival among non-Hispanic White women were consistent with the overall findings, but among non-Hispanic Black women, most associations were attenuated and not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Our results add to the existing evidence that a robust immune infiltrate confers a survival advantage among women with HGSOC; however, non-Hispanic Black women may not experience the same survival benefit as non-Hispanic White women with HGSOC.

Impact:

This study contributes to our understanding of the immunoepidemiology of HGSOC in diverse populations.
Optimal Strategy and Benefit of Pulsed Therapy Depend On Tumor Heterogeneity and Aggressiveness at Time of Treatment Initiation
Authors: Mathur Deepti , Taylor Bradford P. , Chatila Walid K. , Scher Howard I. , Schultz Nikolaus , Razavi Pedram , Xavier Joao B.
Published: May 2022

Therapeutic resistance is a fundamental obstacle in cancer treatment. Tumors that initially respond to treatment may have a preexisting resistant subclone or acquire resistance during treatment, making relapse theoretically inevitable. Here, we investigate treatment strategies that may delay relapse using mathematical modeling. We find that for a single-drug therapy, pulse treatment—short, elevated doses followed by a complete break from treatment—delays relapse compared with continuous treatment with the same total dose over a length of time. For tumors treated with more than one drug, continuous combination treatment is only sometimes better than sequential treatment, while pulsed combination treatment or simply alternating between the two therapies at defined intervals delays relapse the longest. These results are independent of the fitness cost or benefit of resistance, and are robust to noise. Machine-learning analysis of simulations shows that the initial tumor response and heterogeneity at the start of treatment suffice to determine the benefit of pulsed or alternating treatment strategies over continuous treatment. Analysis of eight tumor burden trajectories of breast cancer patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center shows the model can predict time to resistance using initial responses to treatment and estimated preexisting resistant populations. The model calculated that pulse treatment would delay relapse in all eight cases. Overall, our results support that pulsed treatments optimized by mathematical models could delay therapeutic resistance.
РЕАКТИВНА ВІДПОВІДЬ НЕЙТРОФІЛЬНИХ ГРАНУЛОЦИТІВ І НЕСПЕЦИФІЧНОГО ІМУННОГО ПРОТИІНФЕКЦІЙНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ОРГАНІЗМУ ХВОРИХ НА COVID-19
Authors: Москалюк В. Д. , Кривецька С. С. , Баланюк І. В. , Рудан І. В.
Published: May 2022

Коронавірусна хвороба (КВХ) – це гостра респіраторна вірусна інфекція з повітряно-крапельним механізмом передачі, спричинена новим коронавірусом (SARS-CoV-2), що вражає людей різного віку і перебігає у вигляді безсимптомних, легких та тяжких форм з розвитком атипової пневмонії, тяжкого гострого респіраторного синдрому, при якому можливий летальний вислід.

Метою дослідження було встановити рівень неспецифічної реакції загального характеру та рівень реактивної відповіді нейтрофільних гранулоцитів периферичної крові, неспецифічного імунного протиінфекційного захисту організму хворих на КВХ при ушпиталенні.

Неспецифічні фактори і механізми протиінфекційного захисту беруть участь у формуванні адаптивного імунітету на усіх стадіях, що підвищує їх роль у протиінфекційному захисті. Тому встановлення рівня неспецифічної реакції загального характеру неспецифічного протиінфекційного захисту організму хворих на КВХ та реактивної відповіді нейтрофільних гранулоцитів є доволі актуальним.
АДЕКВАТНА ІМУНІЗАЦІЯ ТА СТВОРЕННЯ КОЛЕКТИВНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ВІД COVID-19 У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Бондаренко А. М. , Бондаренко Л. А.
Published: May 2022

Автори зазначають суттєву протиепідемічну неспроможність застосовуваних сьогодні коронавірусних вакцин, навіть незважаючи на значний рівень імунізації населення. Попри це, вакцинація дозволяє уникнути тяжкого або вкрай тяжкого ступеня COVID-19 і смерті від цієї хвороби.

Дискутується офіційно заявлене перевищення напруженості та захисної активності поствакцинного антиковідного імунітету, порівняно з постінфекційним.

Розглянуто проблеми правової бази вакцинації від COVID-19 в Україні. Запропоновано внести у зазначену нормативну базу нового клінічного стандарту (протоколу, положення, інструкції), що зобов’язують перед щепленням визначати для кожного конкретного пацієнта доцільність вакцинації від COVID-19 та обов’язковий конкретизований облік профілю безпеки щеплення від COVID-19 і профілю індивідуальної безпеки конкретної застосовуваної вакцини.

Наведено авторський алгоритм оцінки доцільності та безпеки вакцинації від COVID-19.
ФРАГМЕНТИ СПОГАДІВ ПРО ГЕНРІХА МОСІНГА І ЙОГО РИКЕТСІЙНУ ЛАБОРАТОРІЮ
Authors: Сагайдаковський М. М.
Published: May 2022

Наведено спогади про видатного епідеміолога Генріха Мосінга – учня і послідовника творця висипнотифозної вакцини Рудольфа Вейгля. Описані факти з особистого життя Генріха Станіславовича, описано його людські якості та етичні принципи, свідчення вдалого поєднання ним науково-дослідницької роботи з потребами практичної медицини, конкретний внесок в остаточну ліквідацію висипного тифу в Радянському Союзі й сусідніх східноєвропейських країнах.

Основне місце в розповіді відведено створенню Генріхом Мосінгом лабораторії дослідження рікетсійних інфекції та її діяльності. Описано цікаві факти з особистого життя і наукової діяльності Генріха Станіславовича до, під час і після Другої світової війни. Відзначено внесок працівників лабораторії у виробництво високоефективної вакцини проти висипного тифу і розробку специфічних методів його діагностики.

Наведено дані про рецидивну теорію спорадичного висипного тифу, яку розвинув і відстояв Генріх Мосінг, й критичне ставлення до неї деяких представників провідних наукових кіл держави. Немало з фактів викладено вперше, вони доповнюють наші знання про історію боротьби з висипним тифом і відображають високоетичні та духовні риси Генріха Станіславовича Мосінга, які запам’ятав автор статті.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ЖИТТЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРІВ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Слабкий Г. О. , Миронюк І. С. , Качур О. Ю. , Білак-Лук’янчук В. Й.
Published: May 2022

Мета: дослідити та проаналізувати стан підготовки магістрів громадського здоров’я до управління якістю життя населення.

Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження стали освітня програма і навчальний план підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти другого (магістерського) рівня освіти галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я», спеціальності 229 «Громадське здоров’я» (ОП «Громадське здоров’я» Ужгородського національного університету); робоча програма навчальної дисципліни «Управління якістю життя» даної освітньої програми. В ході проведення дослідження використано методи структурно-логічного аналізу та бібліосемантичний.

Результати. У статті наведено опис та структуру навчальної дисципліни. Програма навчальної дисципліни «Управління якістю життя» підготовки магістрів громадського здоров’я складає 120 навчальних годин (4 кредити) із яких 61,7 % у студентів денної форми навчання та загального навантаження, а у студентів заочної форми навчання цей показник становить 88,3 % відповідно. Програма включає 10 навчальних тем з основних напрямків забезпечення високої якості життя населення. Програма забезпечує набуття здобувачами вищої освіти низки загальних та фахових компетентностей, які дозволять магістрам громадського здоров’я забезпечувати управління якістю життя населення територіальної громади.

Висновки. Програма дозволяє забезпечити оволодіння студентами необхідними для практичної роботи компетенціями.
НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ НАУКОВОГО ТА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОГО СУПРОВОДУ У СФЕРІ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Кравченко С. В.
Published: May 2022

Мета: аналіз сучасної законодавчої бази нормативно-правового регулювання організації наукового та інформаційно-аналітичного супроводу органів державної влади, що формують державну політику у сфері громадського здоров’я.

Матеріали і методи, що використані при виконанні роботи: бібліосемантичний, структурно-логічного аналізу, системного підходу та аналізу.

Результати. Проаналізовано законодавчі та нормативно-правові документи щодо регулювання організації наукового й інформаційно-аналітичного супроводу органів державної влади, що формують державну політику у сфері громадського здоров’я: Закон України «Основи законодавства України про охорону здоров’я», Закон України «Про забезпечення санітарного та епідеміологічного благополуччя населення», Закон України «Про захист населення від інфекційних хвороб», Закон України «Про протидію поширенню хвороб, зумовлених вірусом імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ), та правовий і соціальний захист людей, які живуть з ВІЛ», Закон України «Про протидію захворюванню на туберкульоз», Правила санітарної охорони території України, що затверджені Постановою Кабінету Міністрів України (КМУ).

Висновок. У статті розкрито сучасний стан і сутність законодавчого нормативно-правового регулювання організації наукової та інформаційно-аналітичної підтримки органів державної влади України, що формують державну політику у сфері громадського здоров’я.
ВПЛИВ ВАРІАБЕЛЬНОСТІ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОГО ТИСКУ НА КОГНІТИВНУ ТА ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНУ СФЕРИ У ХВОРИХ (ДЕРЖАВНИХ СЛУЖБОВЦІВ) ПІСЛЯ ІШЕМІЧНОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ З ЛЕГКИМ НЕВРОЛОГІЧНИМ ДЕФІЦИТОМ
Authors: Оводюк Н. М. , Шестак Н. В.
Published: May 2022

Мета: дослідити вплив варіабельності артеріального тиску (АТ) на вираженість проявів когнітивного дефіциту та емоційно-вольових порушень у хворих після ішемічного інсульту.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідження було включено 90 пацієнтів від 33 до 72 років: 1-шу (основну) групу склали 30 пацієнтів, що перенесли ішемічний інсульт (ІІ) на тлі гіпертонічної хвороби (ГХ)  з легким неврологічним дефіцитом і повернулися до праці; 2-гу  – 30 пацієнтів, які хворіють на ГХ більше 5 років, 3-тю групу – 30 пацієнтів, без хронічних захворювань. Середній вік пацієнтів склав в основній групі (57,6±7,0) року, в І контрольній – (57,5±7,5) року, в ІІ контрольній – (44,4±7,9) року.

Використовувалися методи дослідження: клінічні, нейропсихологічне тестування, статистичні методи.

Результати. При аналізі антропометричних даних виявлено, що пацієнти основної та першої контрольної груп мали надлишкову вагу тіла (ІМТ>25), натомість пацієнти другої контрольної групи (практично здорові) мали ІМТ незначно вищий від референтного. Когнітивні та психоемоційні сфери достовірно не відрізнялись у хворих основної та першої контрольної груп.

Висновки. При дослідженні впливу ВАТ на когнітивну сферу та психоемоційний стан хворих після інсульту з легким неврологічним дефіцитом встановлено, що показники ВАТ утримувалися в межах допустимих значень. При порівнянні даних досліджень хворих основної  та І контрольної груп з групою відносно здорових пацієнтів (2 контрольна група)  міжвізитна ВАТ  (САТ, ДАТ) була достовірно нижчою в останніх (р<0,001, р=0,004).