bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US Internationalization Faces the Recession
Authors: Green Madeleine , Ferguson Adelaide
Published: February 2017

U.S. higher education has been hard hit by the recession, and internationalization is no exception. This article focuses on campus responses to budgetary constraints among large public institutions, including staff reductions, intensified recruitment of international students, and expectations that senior internationalization officers (SIOs) will balance their budgets through income-generating activities. It also notes the apparent strengthening of the role of the SIO and concludes that commitment to internationalization seems to be holding up in face of hard times.
Partnerships in Africa in the New Era of Internationalization
Authors: Teferra Damtew
Published: February 2017

African universities have a range of cooperative arrangements with academic organizations and governments in many countries. This article discusses the various linkages that have contributed to higher education development in Africa.
What Does Organized Business Want? A Look at India
Authors: Levy Daniel
Published: February 2017

Much has been said about the relationship of businesses to higher education. This article, in the context of India, discusses how businesses view higher education and what is considered important for universities to do.
Five Truths about Internationalization
Authors: Knight Jane
Published: February 2017

University internationalization is evolving and becoming more complex. This article explores five key elements of internationalizationthe local context, "one size does not fit all," unintended consequences, internationalization is not an end in itself, and globalization and internationalization are linked, but not the same thing.
Regulating Private For-Profit Higher Education
Authors: Tierney William
Published: February 2017

As the for-profit higher education industry continues to grow, many observers have questioned their practices and policies. The author explains why the industry continues to grow and proposes who will have to oversee and regulate the industry in the future.
Imagining the University
Authors: Barnett Ronald
Published: February 2017

Recent transformations in the relationship of knowledge to the economy and in the implementation of 'neoliberal' policies have seen, worldwide, an emergence of 'the entrepreneurial university'. Several reactions to this phenomenon can be identified, indicative of different forms of imagining the university. And yet, we can justifiably speak of a poverty of the imagination, for there are few ideas of the university that are sensitive to the deep structures of the university, suitably critical of the contemporary situation but yet duly optimistic about its possibilities. What are needed, therefore, is not more ideas of the university but better ideas. In particular, what are called for are feasible utopias of the university. One such feasible utopia is sketched here, namely that of the ecological university. The article ends with a reflection on the implications of the analysis here for university leadership.
Branch Campuses Weigh Start-up Options
Authors: Stanfield David
Published: February 2017

With over 200 international branch campuses now in operation, new entrants can benefit from previous experience to guide start-up decisions. Thoughtful strategic decisions in three categories--first-mover vs. established market, comprehensive vs. narrow focus, and collaborative vs. autonomous--will likely contribute to their success.
Deceptive Foreign Credential Evaluation Services
Authors: Gollin George
Published: February 2017

Foreign credential evaluation services play an increasingly important role in facilitating the movement of university students and graduates across national borders. But this unregulated sector of higher education is replete with unscrupulous agencies that provide deceptive evaluations for the customers of degree mills.
Professors: The Key to Internationalization
Authors: Altbach Philip , Postiglione Gerard
Published: February 2017

A key factor in internationalizing any university is the academics who work there. This article notes that analyzes the attitudes of the academic profession and notes that most academics are not very internationally minded. Results from two international studies are used for this analysis.
Government and Governance Reforms in Africa
Authors: Varghese N.V.
Published: February 2017

Several African countries have implemented reforms in higher education governance in recent years. Many of these reforms were because of expansion and declining quality. Efforts have been made to reduce dependence on the state and increase market forces into the higher education equation.
The Founding of University of the Chinese Academic of Sciences
Authors: Qiang Zha , Zhou Guangli
Published: February 2017

Chinese universities expanded their aggregate enrolment size dramatically in the past fifteen years. Now they seem to be greeting opportunities to magnify their research capacity, which is exemplified by the founding of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. For years, and following the Soviet model, China holds a separate research sector, with Chinese Academy of Sciences being the hallmark. Now such a structure seems to be at a crossroads. Changes occurring to it, no matter dramatic or gradual, will render China's university sector the primary beneficiary, which in turn enjoys a leap in terms of research resource and capacity.
Can the Great American Universities Take Root in Asia?
Authors: Lewis Harry
Published: February 2017

Can the Great American Universities Take Root in Asia?
Franchising, Validation, and Branch Campuses in the European Union
Authors: Bischof Lukas
Published: February 2017

European Higher Education is growing together. Both students and institutions are increasingly going abroad to obtain or offer education. Lately, the issue of branch campuses, franchising or validation arrangements have caused controversy. While European law guarantees all EU universities to offer their study programs in other EU Member States, there is not yet an overarching form of cross-border quality assurance. A recent study has investigated the prevalence of cross-border provision of higher education as well as its regulation in 27 Member States of the European Union. This article explores existing loopholes and makes recommendations for a European quality assurance framework for cross-border education.
Academic Collaboration with African Universities
Authors: Boeren Ad
Published: February 2017

Over the years, collaboration between academic institutions in the global North and institutions in Africa has been characterized by an evolutionary process from pure capacity building to equal partnerships, from social commitment to matching interests, and from specific needs to global strategies. A brief review of this process against the backdrop of global changes and higher education challenges provides a better understanding of the present opportunities and constraints.
How Corruption Puts Higher Education at Risk
Authors: Heyneman Stephen P.
Published: February 2017

Global attention begin in the 1990s with definitions and questions as to how common education corruption was; it then expanded to include the differences from one to another region, ranging from financial corruption and student plagiarism to sexual intimidation. Once these had been mapped, the next issues concerned the degree to which education corruption might affect an economy, and the degree to which it might be addressed through changes in policy.
Ukraine’s External Independent Testing Innovation
Authors: Klein Eduard
Published: February 2017

In 2008 Ukraine reformed its university admission system and effectively reduced corruption. Despite high confidence ratings, the reform has been watered down since the political change in 2010 and its future remains unclear.
Research Universities: American Exceptionalism?
Authors: Rosovsky Henry
Published: February 2017

Henry Rosovsky, Harvard's longtime Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, describes six key characteristics present in America's top tier of research universities: shared governance, academic freedom, merit selection, significant human contact, preservation of culture, and nonprofit status. Although often discussed individually, these six characteristics of quality are rarely discussed as a system and, contrary to a longstanding historical tradition, their presence does not preclude innovation and change. The author questions whether today's boards of trustees, the court of last resort in American higher education, are prepared to uphold the key characteristics of quality.
Affirmative Action Initiatives Around the World
Authors: Jenkins Laura Dudley , Moses Michele S
Published: February 2017

Affirmative action policies to increase the number of underrepresented students in higher education have expanded globally in the last quarter-century. Gender is the most prominent policy target. Institutions of higher education and governments have increasingly adopted race-neutral or multifaceted affir­mative action policies, in response to legislative threats, legal challenges or social criticism.
Access to Higher Education: The Israeli Case
Authors: Ben-David Iris , Iram Yaakov
Published: February 2017

Israeli higher education has exhibited a high level of academic achievement. However, access to higher education is at the middle level compared with the OECDs and has presented a middle rate of improvement. Stratification is still evident, especially, for minority students and for students from low socio-economic strata. Equity issues for previous schooling levels nurture stratification in higher education. We argue that there is a need for a holistic equitable school policy reform.
What Counts for Academic Productivity in Research Universities?
Authors: Altbach Philip G.
Published: February 2017

Measuring research productivity in universities is a complicated and problematic process. Yet, such measurements are important for calculating the productivity of institutions, individual researchers, and academic systems. They count for a lot in the rankings. Current measures undercount the social sciences and humanities, and don’t pay sufficient attention to books. Further, the ways that knowledge is communicated is changing.
The Times Higher Education Rankings and the Mysterious “Rise of Asia”
Authors: Usher Alex
Published: February 2017

The Times Higher Education Rankings analysis of its own rankings have persistently pushed a “rise of Asia” narrative – by which the paper usually means East Asia.  But this year, the narrative was only sustained by the surprise rise of Turkey in the rankings – a rise that was to significant extent precipitated by a single highly-cited scientific paper.
Kazakhstan’s Bolashak Scholarship Program
Authors: Sagintayeva Aida , Jumakulov Zakir
Published: February 2017

Government sponsored study abroad programs are one approach to developing the human capital of a country. From our review of the characteristics and outcomes of one long-standing government-sponsored international scholarship program (Kazakhstan’s Bolashak program), we identify five lessons: 1) align the program to countries’ strategic economic development needs, 2) maximize the benefit through the selection of quality destination institutions, 3) ensure transparency, 4) align the economic needs to the level of study programs, and 5) provide incentives for scholarship recipients to return to the home country.
Improving Engineering Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mohamedbhai Goolam
Published: February 2017

There is a serious lack of engineering capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa and this can hamper its industrial development.  This article surveys the current state of engineering education and training in Africa, identifies the challenges in achieving quality engineering education, and highlights steps to be taken for improvement.
How Much is a Full Professor Worth? The Challenge of Attracting the Best Talent
Authors: Knobel Marcelo
Published: February 2017

There are many factors that motivate the pursuit of an academic career, including academic freedom, prestige, stability, curiosity, among others. However, salary is also key to the future career choices of young talent. In the State of São Paulo, in Brazil, the salary of all public servants is currently tied to the salary of the governor, that, for political reasons, is kept at a rather low value. This fact is already having an effect on thousands of faculty members in the higher education system of the State. In this paper, I discuss how this salary limitation can influence the decision of young talent to follow an academic career and, put at risk a rather well developed higher education system. Furthermore, I discuss this issue in a broader context of strong regulation, a lack of competitiveness to support career development, and how this all undermines the commitment and morale of qualified professors.
Australian Universities Under Neoliberal Management: The Deepening Crisis
Authors: Connell Raewyn
Published: February 2017

Australian universities were transformed from small colonial outposts of European education to a relatively large public higher education sector by national development funding.  Neoliberal management since the 1980s has transformed the universities into export-oriented corporations, is placing severe stress on the younger workforce, and is generating a crisis in the production of an intellectual culture.
Why Internationalize Education?
Authors: Coelen Robert
Published: February 2017

A number of predicted global developments are together creating a period of unprecedented change. The combined effects of the change of location of major business activity, the enhanced mobility of professionals, global redistribution of the middle classes, urbanization, the development of a globally interconnected network of new urban centers, job polarization, and technology, are producing an environment in which international awareness and intercultural effectiveness are no longer optional extras, but essential attributes for new graduates to exhibit. Indeed, if economic developments do not force the hand of higher education institutions in this respect, the need for the same attributes to address global challenges—such as climate change, the availability and distribution of food and water, and conflict–motivated migration—most certainly will.
Europe Calling: A New Definition for Internationalization at Home
Authors: Beelen Jos , Jones Elspeth
Published: February 2017

The increasing importance of the concept of internationalization at home is not only manifest in the educational policy of the European Commission, in emerging national policies and in institutional policies of European higher education institutions (HEIs), but most of all in educational practice.Since the existing definition of internationalization at home does not offer much support for those who are working on its implementation, the authors have proposed a new definition that hopefully contributes to lifting the ‘conceptual fog’ that surrounds the internationalization of learning and teaching. The new definition may also help to reach a common understanding of the concept when academics, the key actors in the internationalization of teaching and learning, are joined by both educational and internationalization experts. After all, their joint expertise is needed to build the international and intercultural dimensions of programs of study.
Changing Trends in Japanese Students Studying Abroad
Authors: Bradford Annette
Published: February 2017

After a dramatic decline in the number of Japanese students studying abroad and significant media focus on the inward-looking tendencies of Japanese students, much attention in Japan has turned to outward mobility. This article discusses the number of students overseas, noting a recent uptick. It examines student perspectives toward studying abroad and comments on new policy initiatives.
German Universities Open Doors to Refugees: Access Barriers Remain
Authors: Morris-Lange Simon , Brands Florinda
Published: February 2017

In the face of unprecedented numbers of asylum seekers, German universities are inviting newcomers to enroll in their tuition-free study programs. However, so far only a handful of asylum seekers can be found in lecture halls across the country as legal and financial barriers condemn thousands of young and eager men and women to months and even years of idleness.
France Debates International Student Fees
Authors: De Gayardon Ariane
Published: February 2017

The question of international students’ tuition fees has sparked debates in many of the European welfare states. One of the latest countries to face such a debate was France, where the matter is complicated by the African origin of half of the mobile students. This article looks at the French context to provide insights on the questions and concerns that the establishment of such policies should raise.
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due
Authors: Altbach Philip G
Published: February 2017

Awarding credit for publication, for prizes such as the Nobels, and other aspects of academic work has become more complicated. How is credit handled for articles that have 1,000 authors? Are Nobel prizes national or individual accomplishments? This article considers the complexities of awarding credit for academic work.
Private Higher Education: Even France, Even For-Profit
Authors: Casta Aurélien , Levy Daniel
Published: February 2017

The dramatic growth of private higher education (PHE) in France, including a significant for-profit component, clashes with traditional notions of an omnipotent state ruling over higher education. But in fact the post-Napoleonic state has generally been accepting of the private educational sector, which has evolved from a religious to a markedly commercial orientation.
The Scholar-Practitioner Debate in International Higher Education
Authors: Streitwieser Bernhard , Ogden Anthony C.
Published: February 2017

This discussion looks at the role and potential of a growing class of professionals at U.S. colleges and universities today: scholar-practitioners or alternative-academics. Scholar-practitioners are products of a changing higher education landscape where core faculty lines are declining while contract and adjunct positions are growing in tandem with the proliferation of specialized campus services.  For hybrid scholar-practitioners of international higher education, opportunities exist to leverage their exposure to data and experiential knowledge in order to broaden and deepen the discussion in an enterprise increasingly attracting significant research attention.
Chilean Universities: Not So Tuition-free After All
Authors: De Gayardon Ariane , Bernasconi Andrés
Published: February 2017

In 2011, massive student demonstrations disturbed the proper functioning of universities, with students making free higher education one of their key demands. In 2013, Michele Bachelet, a socialist, was elected president - free higher education being one of her most important electoral promises. This article summarizes the "Short Tuition Free Act" of December 2015 in Chile which is supposed to be the first step toward a free tuition higher education for all. It analyses the current conditions under which students can have access to subsidized tuition and the pitfalls of the current law. It also provides critics of the current approach and questions the possibility of implementing a free for all policy.
Funding World-Class Universities
Authors: Usher Alex
Published: February 2017

Research universities that aspire to world-class status are expensive to develop and support. Patterns of funding are discussed, and the impact of different levels of financial support analyzed.
The Crucial Presence of Private Higher Education in Latin America
Authors: Salto Dante J.
Published: February 2017

During a recent "summit" meeting of leading Latin American higher education scholars and practitioners, key developments in Private Higher Education (PHE) became the topic of many meaningful discussions. This article reports on PHE and closely related issues, such as privatization and the comparison between the public and private sectors, highlighted at the summit.
International Faculty Mobility: Crucial and Understudied
Authors: Rumbley Laura E. , De Wit Hans
Published: February 2017

Increased global competition not only implies that universities must compete for the best and brightest of undergraduate and graduate students, but they must also seek out talented researchers and teachers on a worldwide scale. The international mobility of faculty is also important in relation to the internationalization of higher education. Yet, the scope and nature of international mobility of faculty is a rather unknown and understudied phenomenon. This article addresses definitional and contextual issues, and national, institutional and individual factors related to international faculty mobility, and calls for more research on the phenomenon.
The Use of Academic Libraries in the Digital Age: What the Numbers Say
Authors: Barclay Donald A.
Published: February 2017

Given the early twenty-first century’s wealth of information, it is a fair question to ask: “Are we approaching a time when academic libraries will no longer be necessary?” According to academic library usage data, the answer to this question is clearly “No.” While over the last ten to twenty years the number of books borrowed from U.S. academic libraries has plummeted, the number of people setting foot in those same libraries has significantly increased. And although longitudinal data for the use of non-U.S. libraries is hard to come by, a small sampling of academic libraries outside of the U.S. reflects a similar trend of fewer books borrowed coupled with more visits. The paper concludes by suggestions reasons for why students are making increased use of academic library spaces in the Digital Age.
The Importance of Polytechnics for Africa's Development
Authors: Mohamedbhai Goolam
Published: February 2017

Most African countries that were former British colonies replicated the British higher education system and created both universities and polytechnics. However, in order to increase their tertiary education enrolment, these countries are gradually upgrading their polytechnics to universities. This article argues that this is a wrong move as polytechnics are as important as universities for Africa’s development, and calls for a re-consideration of the polytechnics conversion policy.
Efectos de la mediación oral para la resolución de conflictos comunicativos en aulas de inglés de Educación Primaria, con presencia de alumnado extranjero
Authors: Barranco Izquierdo Natalia , Guillén Díaz Carmen
Published: February 2017

Esta investigación aborda las potencialidades de la mediación oral en la resolución o evitación de los conflictos comunicativos que tienen lugar en el discurso de enseñanza/ aprendizaje en aulas con alumnado extranjero, y se presentan sus efectos en las actividades comunicativas de la lengua planificadas para el aula. Se lleva a cabo movilizando procedimientos y estrategias propias de la investigación interpretativa, y se parte de la premisa relativa al estatus particular, potencial y efectivo de la mediación oral como un eje vertebrador de la comunicación durante el proceso de enseñanza/ aprendizaje de inglés en aulas de Educación Primaria con presencia de alumnado extranjero. Todo ello en la perspectiva última de la formación del profesorado a quien corresponde el logro de la integración socioeducativa de este alumnado.
Hvilket paradoks / hvis paradoks?
Authors: Louw Maria , Rytter Mikkel
Published: February 2017

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen: Der er de senere år blevet forsket og skrevet om sufisme fra mange forskellige vinkler og med fokus på en bred række tematikker. For blot at nævne nogle, kunne man fremhæve studier der tager afsæt i den karisma, der emmer fra levende shuyukh (Werbner og Basu 1998; Werbner 2003); de tilbagevendende religiøse festivaller og fejringer ved helgengrave (Curie 2006; Frembgen 2011); forskellige former for zikr (ihukommelse af Gud) og ekstatiske ritualer (Lizzio 2007; Pinto 2010; Irwin 2011); fødevarers potentielt rensende og transformerende egenskaber for dedikerede sufier (Werbner 1998; Matzens 2012; Rytter 2013); sufisme som en integreret del af hverdagsislam (Louw 2007; Raudvere og Stenberg 2007); samt nutidige turuq (veje, ordner) globale udstrækninger og plasticitet (Malik and Hinnels 2006; Geaves, Dressler and Klinkhammer 2009; Stjernholm 2011; Bubandt 2011; Mathiesen 2012). Trods det massive opbud af studier, er der imidlertid ingen der endnu har adresseret og diskuteret det forhold, at sufisme - og islamisk mysticisme mere generelt - tilsyneladende har paradokset som centralt omdrejningspunkt. Det er denne vinkel på sufismen, som nærværende temanummer afsøger og diskuterer. (...)
Muslimske børn i den ’sekulære’ danske folkeskole
Authors: Gilliam Laura , Kühle Lene
Published: February 2017

I stedet for et abstract er her begyndelsen på indledningen:Ca. 7 % af eleverne i den danske folkeskole har muslimsk baggrund. Selvom et voksende antal af deres forældre vælger at sætte deres børn i muslimsk friskole,1 går langt det overvejende flertal – antallet var omkring 90 % i 2009 ‒ af børn med muslimsk baggrund i den danske folkeskole (Sedgwick i dette nummer). Således tilbringer størstedelen af børn med muslimsk baggrund en stor del af deres hverdag og barndom i den danske folkeskole, samtidig med at mange danske folkeskoler har børn med muslimsk baggrund blandt deres elever. Denne kendsgerning skaber debat i de danske medier, som igen og igen rejser spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt skolen ændrer forskellige praksisser på foranledning af muslimske børn og forældre, og om dette udfordrer skolens kulturelle identitet og værdigrundlag på afgørende vis (Kühle 2014). Debatten føres også på mange lærerværelser og skoleledelseskontorer, hvor spørgsmålet er, hvordan skolen som ’sekulær’ institution kan tage hensyn til muslimske praksisser og forståelser, og hvorvidt skolen skal give køb på sit særlige forhold til kristendommen for at skabe bedre plads til de muslimske børn (...)
Religionens mange dimensioner: Skoleteologi og muslimske børn i en dansk provinsskole
Authors: Anderson Sally
Published: February 2017

This article is based on fieldwork with young Muslim refugees from Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan, who attend small-town schools in the Danish countryside. The article explores the Danish schools’ ’mixed bag’ approach to religious education. Drawing on theology, philosophy, cultural history and the sociology of religion, the national curriculum privileges evangelical Lutheran Christianity while postulating a universal ’religious dimension’ in people’s lives. The article discusses how this school theology that highlights a common human religious attitude simultaneously excludes any serious discussion of a child’s relationship with God and the many other dimensions of religion that impact the lives of Muslim refugee children. While reporting that they enjoy learning about Christianity, Muslim children also feel compelled by God, family, classmates and their teacher’s lack of knowledge of Islam to find and hold on to their own religious convictions. In this they are surprisingly little helped by a subject designed to get at the religious dimension in people’s lives.
Dialogens arrangement: Når muslimer og kristne mødes
Authors: Galal Lise Paulsen
Published: February 2017

Denne artikel sætter fokus på religionsdialogen som et arrangeret kulturmøde, der har til formål at skabe fredelig sameksistens og forsoning på tværs af religiøse tilhørsforhold. Med afsæt i en teologisk forståelse af dialog undersøges, hvad arrangementet betyder for den transformation af deltagerne, som religionsdialogen anticiperer. På baggrund af interviews med dialogarrangører og observationer af dialogarrangementer analyseres det spændingsfelt af forskelle, som arrangementet har til formål at overskride. Der sættes særligt fokus på betydningen af arrangementets rituelle karakter og de forskelssætninger af subjektet, som indrammer dialogen.
Muslim consumption and anti-consumption in Malaysia
Authors: Fischer Johan
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this article is to further our understanding of the transformation of Muslim consumption and anti-consumption by an empirical case study of Malaysia. Much current anti-consumerist and anti-globalization discourse identifies boycotting as an immensely powerful force. I argue that insufficient attention has been paid to the micro-social logics of modern forms of religious consumption and anticonsumption in particular historical/national settings and that these issues should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, state and market. This article examines the political and cultural effects of the Islamic opposition’s call to boycott US goods in Malaysia in the wake of 9/11 that coincided with a forceful stress on promoting modern halal (in Arabic halal literally means ‘permissible or ‘lawful’) products and services. This article argues that from around that time, Muslim consumption in Malaysia became the subject of increasing consumer activism and I explore how Malaysian federal state institutions, Islamic organizations and consumers respond to and are affected by calls to boycott (anti-consumption) and boycott (consumption) a range of products. More specifically, this article examines the above issues building on ethnography from fieldwork with Muslim Consumers Association of Malaysia (PPIM), which is an organization that protects the interests of Muslim consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as Malay Muslim middle-class informants.
The impact of character branding through media: A case study of TV al-Hijrah’s Ustaz celebrity programme
Authors: Mohammed Rosli Bin
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to see how character branding of religious individual whose known as Ustaz Celebrity relates to the programs aired on TVAlhijrah, in accordance with its concept as an Islamic station which broadcast one hundred percent Islamic-oriented content. This study was conducted based on qualitative findings involving in-depth "face to face” interview and also through telephone conversations, used as a research instrument. The researcher also conducted a survey in which the questionnaires are distributed to tor TVAlhijrah’s viewers. Respondents are divided into several categories such as age, gender and education level. Data from respondents, used to measure the characteristics of an ustaz which suits the title of ustaz celebrity and how their celebrities characteristic be able to used helping TVAlhijrah broadcasting their Islamic content. Transcripts, coding and data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis. The results of this study can be used in helping TV Alhijrah to find more people to become Ustaz Celebrity in the future. It can also be used as a guideline for all TV station to choose Ustaz Celebrity to be anchoring their programmes. Character branding strategy through Ustaz Celebrity will attract more viewers to tune into TV stations as an alternative electronic medium that is capable of providing Islamic content in accordance with the requirements of syariah (Syariah Compliance)
Science, Translation and the Mangle: A Performative Conceptualization of Scientific Translation
Authors: Olohan Maeve
Published: February 2017

Against a backdrop of growing interest in historical and sociological approaches to the translation of science, this paper explores the conceptual potential of Andrew Pickering’s ‘mangle of practice’ (Pickering 1992; 1993; 1995; Pickering and Guzik 2008) as a sociological framework for research into the translation of science. Pickering’s approach is situated within a performative idiom of science and seeks to account for the interplay of material and human agency in scientific practice. It sees scientific and technological advances as emerging temporally from a dialectic of resistance and accommodation, metaphorically the mangle of practice. This paper introduces the main tenets of Pickering’s argument, contextualizing it within the field of science and technology studies. It then explores some of the implications of construing translation in these terms. Firstly, this conceptual approach helps to recognize the role of translation in the performance of science and to seek ways of studying translation practices as an integral component of scientific practices. Secondly, Pickering’s posthumanist or decentred perspective focuses on both material and human agency and the interplay between them; a similar approach to the study of translation would foreground the interaction between translator agency and material performativity in studies of translation practices. I conclude with proposals for adopting this ontological shift in translation studies, where it may have the potential to enhance our understanding of translation practices, in particular in relation to tools, technologies and sociotechnical developments in translation.
“Act Like my Friend”
Authors: Hughes Judy , Chau Shirley , Rocke Cathy
Published: February 2017

Through a final qualitative interview question, we asked mothers who were involved with the Canadian child welfare system to provide recommendations to improve practices in this system. Through their responses, these women focused on the relationships between parents and workers. Surprisingly, they stated that child welfare workers should “act like friends.” In these descriptions, they stated that child welfare workers should be respectful, honest, caring, supportive, non-judgmental, and encouraging. They further stated that workers should have empathy and provide concrete supports so that parents maintain connections to their children. First, we present the mothers’ recommendations. Then, we situate these findings into best practice literature and discuss both the possibilities and challenges of developing stronger relationships between parents and child welfare workers.
Liens entre le roulement du personnel vécu et l’évolution clinique d’adolescentes hébergées en centre de réadaptation
Authors: Tremblay Chantale , Joly Jacques , Haines Victor , Lanctôt Nadine
Published: February 2017

Le roulement du personnel est un phénomène préoccupant dont les conséquences sont peu étudiées, surtout dans les services de protection de l’enfance. Or un taux élevé de roulement de personnel pourrait entrainer des conséquences négatives pour la clientèle qui le subit. Cette étude a pour objectif d’explorer le lien entre le roulement du personnel et l’évolution clinique d’adolescentes hébergées en unité de réadaptation en ce qui a trait à l’expérience, l’expression et la régulation de la colère ainsi qu’à la détresse psychologique. Contrairement à ce que la littérature laissait présager, les résultats indiquent que les adolescentes ayant vécu un taux de roulement du personnel plus élevé ne présentent pas plus de détresse psychologique au fil du temps et leurs sentiments de colère ne s’intensifient pas au fil du temps. Au contraire, ils s’atténuent, mais probablement en raison d’un niveau de colère initial plus élevé. Par ailleurs, l’apport important de covariables suggère que bien d’autres variables expliquent l’évolution clinique des adolescentes. D’autres études sont proposées pour mieux comprendre le phénomène du roulement du personnel de même que ses conséquences.
Tikkun Olam: Collectivity, Responsibility, History
Authors: Leslie Alex
Published: February 2017

This paper presents findings from qualitative interviews with five Jewish people — two Rabbis and three workers in various community service capacities — about their understandings and practices of the Jewish principle of tikkun olam. Tikkun olam is a Hebrew phrase that means “the repair of the world,” has its roots in Rabbinic law, the Kabbalah and the ‘Aleinu prayer, and became a mainstream term for Jewish social justice work and community contribution in North America following the Shoah (Holocaust). In this study, participants spoke to the imperative to act and responsibility; external tikkun and internal tikkun; collectivity and interconnectedness; the presence of Jewish history in their work, particularly in the case of the Holocaust; and the spiritual dimension of working with people. This study was undertaken with a narrative approach, to honour and preserve understandings of tikkun olam across Jewish communities. This study indicates the continuing influence of tikkun olam in settings both within and outside the Jewish community. Potential future areas of research are the role of spirituality in social workers’ commitment to social justice and the commitment expressed by several participants to work with Aboriginal people based on a shared history of cultural genocide.
Monstrous Hybrids in Shakespeare’s King Lear
Authors: Lafont Agnès
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT: This article seeks to present the different languages (emblems, Renaissance translations of classical myths, biblical exegesis) that inform the images of monsters which, as hybrid creatures blending human and animal characteristics, serve a dramatic function in Shakespeare’s King Lear. It means to question the ways in which the play links filial ingratitude with female monstrosity and Lear’s madness. Tracing the classical and medieval lineage of the monstrous bestiary (serpent, tiger, vulture) in King Lear and connecting it to emblematic readings of Shakespeare’s time, it explores how Shakespeare provides a dynamic characterisation of Goneril and Regan through their bestialisation. This study of teratogenesis then questions the notion of metamorphoses in the play. KEYWORDS: Shakespeare; King Lear; emblem; mythology; ingratitude.  RESUMEN: Este artículo intenta presentar los lenguajes diferentes (los emblemas, las traducciones renacentistas de los mitos clásicos, la exégesis bíblica) que informan las imágenes de los monstruos que, como criaturas híbridas que combinan características humanas y animales, sirven una función dramática en King Lear de Shakespeare. Procura interrogar las maneras en que el drama establece un vínculo entre la ingratitud filial, la monstruosidad femenina y la locura de Lear. Por trazar el linaje clásico y medieval del bestiario monstruoso (serpiente, tigre, buitre) en King Lear, y conectándolo con interpretaciones emblemáticas de la época de Shakespeare, explora cómo Shakespeare nos proporciona una caracterización dinámica de Goneril y Regan mediante su bestialización. Este estudio de la teratología procede a cuestionar el concepto de las metamorfosis en el drama. PALABRAS CLAVES: Shakespeare, King Lear, emblema, mitología, ingratitude.
García Mahíques, Rafael (dir.), Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 2. Los Ángeles I. La Gloria y sus jerarquías
Authors: Mínguez Cornelles Víctor
Published: February 2017

Recensión del libro:GARCÍA MAHÍQUES, Rafael (dir.) [2016]. Los tipos iconográficos de la tradición cristiana, vol. 2. Los Ángeles I. La Gloria y sus jerarquías, Madrid, Ediciones Encuentro, 594 pp.
Cilia-mediated Hedgehog signaling controls form and function in the mammalian larynx
Authors: Tabler Jacqueline M , Rigney Maggie M , Berman Gordon J , Gopalakrishnan Swetha , Heude Eglantine , Al-lami Hadeel Adel , Yannakoudakis Basil Z , Fitch Rebecca D , Carter Christopher , Vokes Steven , Liu Karen J , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Egnor SE Roian , Wallingford John B
Published: February 2017

Acoustic communication is fundamental to social interactions among animals, including humans. In fact, deficits in voice impair the quality of life for a large and diverse population of patients. Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms of development and function in the vocal apparatus is thus an important challenge with relevance both to the basic biology of animal communication and to biomedicine. However, surprisingly little is known about the developmental biology of the mammalian larynx. Here, we used genetic fate mapping to chart the embryological origins of the tissues in the mouse larynx, and we describe the developmental etiology of laryngeal defects in mice with disruptions in cilia-mediated Hedgehog signaling. In addition, we show that mild laryngeal defects correlate with changes in the acoustic structure of vocalizations. Together, these data provide key new insights into the molecular genetics of form and function in the mammalian vocal apparatus.
Hippocampal activation is associated with longitudinal amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline
Authors: Leal Stephanie L , Landau Susan M , Bell Rachel K , Jagust William J
Published: February 2017

The amyloid hypothesis suggests that beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition leads to alterations in neural function and ultimately to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. However, factors that underlie Aβ deposition are incompletely understood. One proposed model suggests that synaptic activity leads to increased Aβ deposition. More specifically, hyperactivity in the hippocampus may be detrimental and could be one factor that drives Aβ deposition. To test this model, we examined the relationship between hippocampal activity during a memory task using fMRI and subsequent longitudinal change in Aβ using PIB-PET imaging in cognitively normal older adults. We found that greater hippocampal activation at baseline was associated with increased Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, increasing Aβ accumulation mediated the influence of hippocampal activation on declining memory performance, demonstrating a crucial role of Aβ in linking hippocampal activation and memory. These findings support a model linking increased hippocampal activation to subsequent Aβ deposition and cognitive decline.
Candidate genes that have facilitated freshwater adaptation by palaemonid prawns in the genusMacrobrachium: identification and expression validation in a model species (M. koombooloomba)
Authors: Rahi Md Lifat , Amin Shorash , Mather Peter B. , Hurwood David A.
Published: February 2017

Background

The endemic Australian freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium koombooloomba, provides a model for exploring genes involved with freshwater adaptation because it is one of the relatively fewMacrobrachiumspecies that can complete its entire life cycle in freshwater.

Methods

The present study was conducted to identify potential candidate genes that are likely to contribute to effective freshwater adaptation byM. koombooloombausing a transcriptomics approach.De novoassembly of 75 bp paired end 227,564,643 high quality Illumina raw reads from 6 different cDNA libraries revealed 125,917 contigs of variable lengths (200–18,050 bp) with an N50 value of 1597.

Results

In total, 31,272 (24.83%) of the assembled contigs received significant blast hits, of which 27,686 and 22,560 contigs were mapped and functionally annotated, respectively. CEGMA (Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach) based transcriptome quality assessment revealed 96.37% completeness. We identified 43 different potential genes that are likely to be involved with freshwater adaptation inM. koombooloomba. Identified candidate genes included: 25 genes for osmoregulation, five for cell volume regulation, seven for stress tolerance, three for body fluid (haemolymph) maintenance, eight for epithelial permeability and water channel regulation, nine for egg size control and three for larval development. RSEM (RNA-Seq Expectation Maximization) based abundance estimation revealed that 6,253, 5,753 and 3,795 transcripts were expressed (at TPM value ≥10) in post larvae, juveniles and adults, respectively. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that 15 genes were expressed differentially in different individuals but these genes apparently were not involved with freshwater adaptation but rather were involved in growth, development and reproductive maturation.

Discussion

The genomic resources developed here will be useful for better understanding the molecular basis of freshwater adaptation inMacrobrachiumprawns and other crustaceans more broadly.
Geografias de hýbris: dialética sujeito-lugar nos enredos da lavoura arcaica de Raduan Nassar
Authors: Souza Júnior Carlos Roberto Bernardes de , De Almeida Maria Geralda
Published: February 2017

Obra significativa da literatura brasileira, “Lavoura Arcaica”, de Raduan Nassar, é um drama trágico acerca da hýbris de André, o protagonista, à ordem familiar campesina e suas imposições. Pela interpretação geográfica pautada na perspectiva humanista, em particular na fenomenologia existencialista, o texto realiza uma leitura hermenêutica da obra visando desvelar a dialética sujeito-lugar. Explora os desdobramentos das tensões existenciais do lugar de André por meio dos dois momentos da obra: “A partida” e “O retorno”. No decurso do rompimento e arquitetura de vínculos, a tensão se torna um modo de existir no lugar, a ocasionar no extremo do pathos paterno que desconstitui a ordem familiar.
ESTUDO SISTEMATIZADO PARA SELEÇÃO DE TERMOS DE BUSCA PARA PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Hasner Cecilia , Winter Eduardo , Rodrigues Ricardo Carvalho
Published: February 2017

As técnicas de propagação de cana-de-açúcar nos últimos anos vêm direcionando seus esforços de pesquisa para ampliar a produção de mudas, os quais são registrados em documentos científicos e técnicos. Entretanto, não existe uma metodologia sistematizada para a recuperação destas informações que possam subsidiar pesquisas futuras. Neste sentido, o foco deste trabalho é estudar a utilização de termos de busca para o levantamento bibliográfico sobre tecnologias de propagação vegetativa da cana-de-açúcar e espécies similares de forma sistemática. A metodologia se baseou em oito etapas, utilizando o Agrovoc para levantamento de palavras chaves e técnicas de avaliação da efetividade dos termos nos documentos recuperados. Os resultados permitiram identificar que os termos plant” e “seed” são mais precisos que “vegetative” e “propagation” nas bases da Web of Science, Scopus e Derwent Innovation Index, com maior destaque para a Scopus. Estudos futuros permitirão compreender se estes resultados refletem o estado de desenvolvimento tecnológico da propagação vegetativa da cana-de-açúcar.
ANÁLISE DOS SISTEMAS INFORMACIONAIS DE TARJAS ELETRÔNICAS DE PRATELEIRAS
Authors: Rosseto de Melo Paulo Henrique , Cunha Gilberto José da
Published: February 2017

Com a evolução tecnológica estabelecimentos comerciais procuram por inovações em seus serviços. Diante das variedades existentes, entende-las em sua origem e descobrir seu funcionamento é de suma importância para todas as partes interessadas. Muitos já sabem das implicâncias relacionadas com filas excessivas e mal atendimento aos clientes, principalmente em um sistema demasiado caro e ineficaz. Direcionar corretamente os colaboradores, deixando de lado funções básicas como precificação para outras de gerenciamento e atendimento é necessário. Portanto, os sistemas desenvolvidos convergem com tais interesses, minimizando erros humanos e proporcionando efetividade nas lojas de conveniência atuais.
Negação de Formas: Notas sobre Contribuições de Georg Simmel para Compreender Organizações
Authors: DeLuca Gabriela , Kihara Silvia , Chiesa Carolina Dalla
Published: February 2017

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir como se mantêm dois coletivos, a Casa da Cultura Digital e o Global Shapers Porto Alegre, utilizando como base os conceitos “formas de sociação” e “negação de formas” de Georg Simmel. Para realizar a discussão proposta, escolhemos, a partir da reflexão feita dos dados empíricos, as formas de sociação Sociabilidade, Subordinação e Superordenação e Dinheiro, além do tipo social Estrangeiro. Neste estudo, consideramos as formas de organização destes coletivos como peculiares, pois buscam afastar-se de formatos organizacionais hierárquicos, demasiadamente regrados e autoritários, entendendo-as como uma negação de formas. Na busca por negarem tais formas, os coletivos aceitam-nas e criam outras. Neste sentido, parecem formar “organizações estrangeiras”, as quais se afastam do status quo e também se aproximam. Com isso, buscamos lançar luz às organizações que, de algum modo, tentam criar alternativas de existência. Embora diferentes em suas propostas, elas apresentam aproximações e afastamentos que colaboram para a reflexão teórica sobre organizações.