bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essays on Lay and Ecclesiastical Communities in and Around the Medieval Urban Parish
Authors: Campos Maria Amélia
Published: July 2024

This book gives a definite contribution to a wide-ranging reflection on the medieval parish and the secular clergy, considered within a long-term chronological framework and a wide geographical scope that allows the analysis and confrontation of case studies from the Iberian kingdoms, Northern France, Italian Piedmont, Lombardy, Flanders, Transylvania, and North of the Holy Roman Empire. The chapters published in this book tells of dynamics of social, religious, and cultural exclusion and inclusion within lay communities, of the constitution of family elites and parish confraternities; it shows the composition and the recruitment rationales of the parish clergy and of some ecclesiastical chapters with a duty of Cura animarum; it examines the relations of the churches and parochial clergy with more prominent – secular and regular – ecclesiastical institutions in the context of the establishment and exercise of the right of patronage; finally, it explores the role of the secular clergy in the application of justice, based on the characterization of their cultural and juridical formation.
From Neighbours to Enemies and Back. Jewish-Christian relations in Northern Europe
Authors: Heß Cordelia
Published: July 2024

Jews and Christians coexisted in numerous towns and parishes throughout medieval Europe. However, during the High and Late Middle Ages, relations between neighbors often turned hostile, resulting in partial or complete annihilation or expulsion of Jewish communities. This chapter will delve into the mechanisms underlying these sudden shifts from neighborly coexistence to enmity, as well as the subsequent step frequently observed: the return of Jewish communities to the places they were forced to abandon a few years or decades earlier. Especially in the Northern parts of the Holy Roman Empire, the documentation of these processes is scarce, and the history of the communities is difficult to reconstruct. The cities of Fulda and Wittenberg will be analyzed as case studies to achieve this objective.
‘Artificial Families’ within the Parish: Intertwined Relationships Between Confraternities and Parish Churches in Medieval Coimbra
Authors: Rocha Ana Rita
Published: July 2024

Between the beginning of the twelfth century and the end of the fifteenth century, we estimate in forty the number of confraternities founded in the town of Coimbra. This chapter aims to analyse the developed relationships between the confraternities of Coimbra and the urban parish churches. At first, after a brief general presentation of the documented medieval confraternities of Coimbra, we will identify and describe those established in the parish churches, paying attention to their chronology and main characteristics and functions, as well as the confraternal practices within the parish context. Finally, using a small but significant set of written sources, we will pay particular attention to the interdependent relationships between the studied confraternities and the parish churches where they were based. These relationships are especially clear in the moment when a confraternity was extinctic and its assets were annexed to the church. Therefore, we intend to analyse how this incorporation took place and how it was reflected over time, beyond the existence of the confraternities themselves.
Epilogue
Authors: Kümin Beat
Published: July 2024

This chapter reflects on four aspects pertaining to the principal themes of this project: the distinct merits of parish studies as a field, historiographical priorities pursued thus far, insights gleaned from the preceding essays, and areas for future development. In order to broaden the spatial scope, the supporting materials primarily draw from Anglophone contexts and recent works on the British Isles.
It serves as an afterword to this international essay collection on medieval urban parish communities.
City Chapters with Cura Animarum. Territorial Recruitment and Social Composition of the Clergy in North-Western Italy (Twelfth-Fifteenth century)
Authors: Cissello Francesco , Corniolo Elena
Published: July 2024

Our paper aims to analyse the recruitment processes and the social composition of some city chapters with cura animarum functions in North­‑Western Italy in the late Middle Ages. Case studies will be the cathedral chapter of Vercelli and the two chapters of Aosta (the regular chapter of Sant’Orso and the cathedral chapter). These topics will be discussed through the analysis of an heterogeneous set of documents, mostly unpublished, preserved in the respective capitular archives. Vercelli and Aosta were both similar and different towns, making a comparative study of particular interest. The two urban centres developed differences in the institutions of city self­‑government. On the other hand, the importance of the diocesan Church, not only ecclesiastical but also political, was similar. Another fundamental common element was the location within the area of the Via Francigena, which connected the territories in the North and South of the Alps, leading to a conspicuous mobility of goods and people. Through the analysis of some representative cases, we will highlight the existence of differences in clergy recruitment depending on the territorial context, but also on the functions carried out by the various attested ecclesiastical communities.
“Qui miserit merdam in bocca alterius pectet CCC solidos:” Episcopal Lawcodes and Lordship in Twelfth Century Castile and León
Authors: Lincoln Kyle C.
Published: July 2024

By most estimates, bishops were the clerical counterparts to the comital class of nobles in the Medieval Latin West. As a land­hold­er and member of a royal administration, bishops often played one of the most important roles; indeed, Reilly once referred to Leonese and Castilian bishops as the “key institutional element” and both the archival evidence and subsequent historiography have widely supported his conclusions. Taking these observations as a point of departure, this paper will examine the ways in which the prelates of Leon and Castile in the twelfth century controlled – or attempted to control – the public life of their diocesan territories through their issuance of fueros (municipal law codes). Although these law­‑codes were assuredly the result of a negotiated process involving the town’s stakeholders, high clergy, the bishops, and even royal officers, they nevertheless provide an important entry point for examining the ways in which clerical lordship functioned in the North­‑Central Iberian Peninsula. In particular, the paper will deploy the law codes of Castilian and Leonese (archi­‑)episcopal sees to examine the ways in which ideas about power, lordship, reform, and religiosity circulated and were implanted in the kingdoms of León and Castile during the period.
The Exercise of Patronage by the Colegiada de Guimarães in the Church of São Miguel do Castelo during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth centuries
Authors: Fernandes Aires Gomes
Published: July 2024

The church of São Miguel do Castelo belonged to the patronage of the collegiate church of Santa Maria da Oliveira. This article explores the dynamics and procedural involvement of this connection throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Patrons were usually responsible for presenting the parish priest whenever the office became vacant. With this case study, a better understanding of the entire process – from the moment a church was ‘vacated’ until the swearing in, or the ‘enthronement’ of the new priest – will be demonstrated. Moreover, this study sets out to tackle other specific aspects relating to this subject, such as deciphering if this time of vacancy is variable or took a standardized form. Furthermore, this work aims to address the origin of the parish priests, both geographi­cally and socially, as well as utilizing additional information that extant sources provide. Likewise, attention will be given to the benefits the patrons derived from ‘their’ church – as well as the obligations to which they were subject. To undertake this study, documents from the Colegiada de Santa Maria da Oliveira de Guimarães, preserved in the National Archive of Torre do Tombo and in the Alfredo Pimenta Archive will be analyzed.
Medieval Jewish Quarters in Northern France and Urban Parishes (Twelfth-Fourteenth centuries): Places of Identity and Cohabitation
Authors: Banoun Manon
Published: July 2024

Jewish communities have been observed to have flourished in numerous cities across Western Europe since the early Middle Ages, as evidenced by the gradual establishment of Jewish quarters. Functioning as both identity spaces and sites for exchange and cohabitation, medieval Jewries were integrated into the parishes in diverse ways, contingent upon specific contexts and historical periods. This presentation aims to explore the intricate relationships between Jewish communities and medieval parishes, with a particular focus on the apparent tension arising from the spatialization of identity through community spaces shared with other religious groups.
To achieve this objective, the study will examine four cities located in Tsarfat (corresponding to Northern France for medieval Jews), namely Paris, Rouen, Orléans, and Provins, spanning the period from the twelfth to the fourteenth century, employing an archaeological and topographical approach. By analyzing the physical layout and urban organization of these cities, the research endeavours to shed light on the dynamics of interaction between Jewish communities and the broader societal framework of medieval parishes.
Las ecologías del deseo de la silla Canoa: desde el salón hacia la ciudad
Authors: Marcos Torró María José
Published: July 2024

Este artículo conceptualiza las ecologías del deseo. Lo hace acompañando la heterogénesis de la silla Canoa, un proyecto que cose en una red deseante doméstica, que emancipa a aquellos actantes implicados en sus políticas de diseño. El dispositivo que conforma la silla Canoa es concebido para el disfrute e independencia doméstica de la modista Madame Mathieu-Levy, siendo la arquitecta Eileen Gray quien la construye para su apartamento de la rue Lotta en 1919. En la arquitectura se canalizan dichas ecologías del deseo desde la domesticidad hacia lo social, la silla Canoa encabeza y anticipa discusiones de la contemporaneidad porque despliega un conjunto de modos de vida domésticos caleidoscópicos y alternativos. Las ecologías del deseo se conceptualizan utilizando la metodología generativa de Félix Guattari (1989), quien amplía la percepción de la ecología en dichos términos generativos y ahonda en la producción de subjetividades a través del deseo, desde el procedimiento de heterogénesis. Hay tres discusiones de la ecología del deseo: la primera discusión es la ecología del deseo seductora, la cual desarrolla un estudio sobre la subjetividad del “ladeo erotizado”; la segunda es la ecología del deseo queer que desmenuza el “dispositivo giratorio” de Paul B. Preciado (2010); la tercera discusión es la ecología del deseo activista, que debate como el biodiseño del dispositivo activa nuevas micropolíticas de lo femenino. Las capas generativas de la silla Canoa ensamblan nuevas urdimbres de contemporaneidad en la construcción política, social y cultural de los dispositivos de control hasta ahora domesticados. Las contribuciones que se plantean amplían la documentación crítica existente sobre la icónica silla Canoa. Este trabajo, aporta a la conceptualización de las capas de ecología del deseo a través de la resignificación de otras políticas de ideación de proyectos de arquitectura. La silla Canoa abre una puerta a la mujer contemporánea desde su salón hacia la ciudad.
Rapid antigen detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in stray cats: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Santos Ronaldy Santana , Lee Daniel Antônio Braga , dos Santos Barreto Marina , Silva Eloia Emanuelly Dias , de Jesus Pamela Chaves , Moura Pedro Henrique Macedo , Silva Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues , de Souza Jessiane Bispo , Bezerra Taynar Lima , Santos Patricia Oliveira Meira , Guimarães Adriana Gibara , Santana Lucas Alves da Mota , Prudencio Carlos Roberto , Borges Lysandro Pinto
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim: Although reverse zoonotic transmission events from humans to domestic cats have been described, there is currently little evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) circulation in stray cats. Due to the evidence of natural and experimental infections in cats and the capacity to disseminate the virus among them, this study aimed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 antigen in stray cats from the Federal University of Sergipe in Brazil.

Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty six stray cats from the university were screened for SARS-CoV-2 antigens by random sampling. Throat swab samples were tested for the virus using rapid antigen detection tests.

Results: Of the 126 animals tested, 30 (23.60%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens. To our knowledge, for the first time, this study detected the SARS-CoV-2 antigen in stray cats and confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Brazil’s stray cat population.

Conclusion: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in stray cats poses a risk for infected and healthy animals and possibly for humans who attend the university daily. As a limitation of the study, the small sample size necessitates caution when interpreting the results. This underscores the need for further research in this area to help control diseases in stray animals during potential pandemics. This highlights the need for monitoring and controlling the spread of the virus in stray animal populations.

Keywords: animals, antigen, cats, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
Impact of ginger powder (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on the performance, biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and rumen fermentation in Ossimi rams
Authors: Ali Montaser Elsayed , Alsalama Sulaiman A. , Al-Thubyani Sarah A. , Baazaoui Narjes , Ahmed Ahmed Ezzat , Nasser Mohamed-Emad A. , Nasr Heba A.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has great potential as a growth promoter and immunostimulant in ruminant nutrition. This study assessed the impact of ginger powder supplementation on Ossimi rams’ rumen fermentation, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant levels.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen Ossimi rams, aged 10 ± 1.3 months and weighing 30 ± 1.5 kg. Rams were randomly divided into three experimental groups: The control group (G1) received standard feed, while ginger powder (5 g and 7 g/kg body weight [BW] for G2 and G3, respectively) mixed in water was administered to groups G2 and G3 before their standard feed.

Results: The control group recorded higher dry matter (DM) intake values (p < 0.05) than the ginger-treated groups. The ginger-treated groups showed superiority (p < 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion compared to the control group. The digestion coefficients of DM, crude protein, and crude fiber were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by a high dose (7 g/Kg BW) of ginger supplementation, whereas organic matter, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract digestibility remained unchanged. Compared to the control group, the rams given 5 g of ginger had significantly less (p < 0.05) total protein and globulin in their serum, but the rams given 7 g of ginger had significantly more (p < 0.05) of these proteins. In the ginger groups, these levels were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those in the control group for serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Rams given ginger had significant growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, total superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px, TAC, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgG enhancement (p < 0.01), and a decrease (p < 0.01) in malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control group. Significant increases in total short-chain volatile fatty acids, acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids (p < 0.05), and significant decreases in NH3N and protozoa (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Ginger powder (5 g and 7 g) can improve growth, immune responses, antioxidant status, and ruminal parameters in rams. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of ginger on different types of animals (cow, buffalo, and goat) to develop new feed additives.

Keywords: antioxidant status, biochemical parameters, ginger powder, rams, rumen fermentation.
Using Version Control Information to Visualize Developers' Knowledge
Authors: Fekete Anett , Porkoláb Zoltán
Published: July 2024

It is not always clear in case of a software project who has the right amount of knowledge concerning a certain module or file. Programmers frequently ask questions like "Who knows the most about this code?" or "Who can I ask for help when I work on this module?". In a large, long-term software product, knowledge is distributed in an uneven way among developers. Developer fluctuation during the product lifetime might cause some parts of the code to be known very well by a multitude of developers, while other parts might sink to the "gray zone", where developer competence is dangerously scarce. It is important for the project management to identify such critical points, to avoid the complete loss of competence. Version control repositories contain loads of useful information about the evolution of a software project. This paper presents a developer-centered visualization that is intended to show individual, team-bound and company-bound knowledge of large legacy projects. The competence information is computed from the extracted version control information from Git repositories. The calculated competence value is based on the number of commits per developer and their significance. Aggregated views for teams and companies are available based on various heuristics. The visualization is implemented as a new plugin in CodeCompass, a standalone, open-source code comprehension software. Project managers and individual developers may both profit from the tool, whether it concerns software evolution, human-resource management, architecture, knowledge catch-up, or blame.
Towards a Block-Level ML-Based Python Vulnerability Detection Tool
Authors: Bagheri Amirreza , Hegedűs Péter
Published: July 2024

Computer software is driving our everyday life, therefore their security is pivotal. Unfortunately, security flaws are common in software systems, which can result in a variety of serious repercussions, including data loss, secret information disclosure, manipulation, or system failure. Although techniques for detecting vulnerable code exist, the improvement of their accuracy and effectiveness to a practically applicable level remains a challenge. Many existing methods require a substantial amount of human expert labor to develop attributes that indicate vulnerabilities. In previous work, we have shown that machine learning is suitable for solving the issue automatically by learning features from a vast collection of real-world code and predicting vulnerable code locations. Applying a BERT-based code embedding, LSTM models with the best hyperparameters were able to identify seven different security flaws in Python source code with high precision (average of 91%) and recall (average of 83%). Upon the encouraging first empirical results, we go beyond this paper and discuss the challenges of applying these models in practice and outlining a method that solves these issues. Our goal is to develop a hands-on tool for developers that they can use to pinpoint potentially vulnerable spots in their code.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Complications From Pediatric Multiple Magnet Ingestion: A Large Retrospective Study
Authors: Luo Yizhen , Cui Xiongjian , Zhou Jianli , Zhuang Yijiang , Zheng Chenrui , Su Qiru , Gan Yungen , Li Zhiyong , Zeng Hongwu
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable nomogram based on clinical factors to predict complications associated with pediatric multiple magnet ingestion, addressing the urgency and controversy surrounding its management.

METHODS:

Patients aged 0–18 years with multiple magnet ingestion diagnosed at the Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were enrolled. Clinical data were analyzed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multifactor logistic regression analyses to screen for risk factors. A model was constructed, and a nomogram was plotted. Model performance was evaluated and internally validated using the area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve, decision curve analysis, and 1,000 bootstraps. We calculated the optimal cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the prediction model.

RESULTS:

Of the 146 patients, 57 (39.0%) experienced complications. The nomogram included age, multiple ingestions, vomiting, abdominal pain, and abdominal tenderness. The AUC was 0.941, and the internally validated AUC was 0.930. The optimal cutoff value selected as a predictive value was 0.534, with a sensitivity of 82.5%, specificity of 93.3%, positive predictive value of 88.7%, negative predictive value of 89.3%, and accuracy of 89.0%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a P value of 0.750. The calibration plot exhibited high consistency in prediction, and decision curve analysis showed excellent net benefits.

DISCUSSION:

Our nomogram demonstrates excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility and may thus help clinicians accurately assess the risk of complications from pediatric multiple magnet ingestion.
Research Progress of Optical Satellite Remote Sensing Monitoring Asphalt Pavement Aging
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Yang Dayong , Xie Zhiwei , Wang Han , Hao Zhigang , Zhou Fanyu , Wang Xiaona
Published: July 2024

The aging condition of asphalt pavement is an invaluable basis for traffic infrastructure evaluation. Due to the amount of time and high cost of monitoring and identifying asphalt pavement aging, many current studies focus on satellite remote sensing methods. In this paper, some methods
and technologies for monitoring asphalt pavement degradation by optical satellite remote sensing are introduced as a literature review. Many researchers have developed spectrum libraries based on the actual aging of asphalt pavements, and it is possible to construct pavement health indices
based on spectrum changes. Some indexes can extract different aging degrees of asphalt pavement from optical satellite images. Of course, current research can only preliminarily reflect the aging phenomenon of asphalt pavement and cannot accurately describe the distress characteristics of
asphalt pavement. Future research needs to further strengthen mechanism research, develop higher resolution images, improve image processing technology, and adopt multi-means fusion analysis methods.
Hyperspectral Reflectance Assessment for Preliminary Identification of Degraded Soil Zones in Industrial Sites, India
Authors: Dutta Amitava , Tyagi Rashi , Sharma Shilpi , Datta Manoj
Published: July 2024

The study explores the potential of next-generation satellite hyperspectral imaging systems for screening and predicting surface‐soil contamination and degradation by exploiting various spectral indices and signature‐matching techniques at a heavily industrialized area
in India. The soil moisture content, desertification and salinity status, clay or fine material content, heavy metal content, vegetation health status, and stress levels were assessed from continuum-removed spectral reflectance values. Results indicated the presence of water in two tailings
ponds, high salinity, and desertification values in most of the tailings ponds and dump sites, clay boundary liner along four ponds, high heavy metal indices along three ponds and all dump sites, highly stressed vegetation near all tailings ponds and coal dump sites, and pollutants in nearby
water channels. The results suggest a strategy for the initial identification of priority areas for ground-based investigations and an alternative rapid methodology to monitor large industrial hubs in India.
One-Dimensional-Mixed Convolution Neural Network and Covariance Pooling Model for Mineral Mapping of Porphyry Copper Deposit Using PRISMA Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Peyghambari Sima , Zhang Yun , Heidarian Hassan , Sekandari Milad
Published: July 2024

Mapping distribution of alterations around porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) greatly affects mineral exploration. Diverse geological processes generate irregular alteration patterns with diverse spectral characteristics in mineral deposits. Applying remotely sensed hyperspectral images
(HSIs) is an appealing technology for geologic surveyors to generate alteration maps. Conventional methods mainly use shallow spectral absorption features to discriminate minerals and cannot extract their important spectral information. Deep neural networks with nonlinear layers can evoke
the deep spectral and spatial information of HSIs. Deep learning-based methods include fully connected neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and hybrid convolutional networks like mixed convolution neural network and covariance pooling (MCNN‐CP) algorithms. However, each
has its advantages and limitations. To significantly avoid losing important spectral features, we proposed a new method by fusing a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) with MCNN‐CP (1D‐MCNN‐CP), achieving an overall accuracy (97.44%) of
mineral mapping from PRISMA HSIs. This research deduced that 1D‐MCNN‐CP improved performance and reduced misclassification errors among minerals sharing similar spectral features.
In der doppelten Krise
Authors: Tiede Robert
Published: July 2024

Robert Tiede beschäftigt sich im vorliegenden Beitrag mit Wohnungskündigungen und Räumungsklagen auf dem Berliner Wohnungsmarkt. Basierend auf ersten Evidenzen aus Interviews mit Mieter:innen sowie mit Expert:innen, adressiert dieser Beitrag zwei Forschungsthemen: Erstens werden die Auswirkungen und Bewältigungsformen von Verdrängungsprozessen aus der Perspektive der Mieter:innen beleuchtet. Zweitens wird ein tieferer Einblick in die Effekte der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19-Pandemie in Fällen entsicherter Mietverhältnisse gegeben. Es zeigt sich, dass sich während der Pandemie multiple Krisenphänomene verschränken, da sich die erlebte Krise einer Wohnungskündigung - insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der angespannten Wohnungsmärkte - mit der gesellschaftlichen Krise der Pandemie überlagert. Die Erkenntnisse weisen darauf hin, dass einige Gruppen, etwa aufgrund von Faktoren wie Sprache, Alter oder Klasse, besonders stark von den Krisenphänomenen und den politischen Maßnahmen betroffen waren.
Raumaneignung obdachloser Menschen
Authors: Boettcher Hannah
Published: July 2024

Das Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit ist es, anhand eines Fallbeispiels urbaner Protestformen marginalisierter Personengruppen die Praktiken der Raumaneignung und die Entwicklung kollektiver Handlungsfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Gegenstand der Analyse ist das Projekt "OMZ - Obdachlose mit Zukunft", welches aus einer Hausbesetzung obdachloser Personen im Kontext des sich global ausbreitenden "SARS-CoV-2-Virus" entstanden ist. Mithilfe eines ethnographischen Forschungsansatzes und der "Grounded Theory" als Forschungsdesign wurden die sozialen Praktiken der Bewohner:innen über einen Zeitraum von sechs Monaten untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Raumaneignung und kollektive Handlungsfähigkeit als dynamischer Prozess auftreten, der ein Spannungsfeld zwischen internen Dynamiken und dem von politischen Akteur:innen gesetzten Rahmen darstellt.
Literatur(wissenschaft) ausstellen
Authors: Gfrereis Heike
Published: July 2024

An Praxisbeispielen wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, inwiefern Literaturausstellungen Wissenschaftsdidaktik sind, wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen, Literaturgeschichten und Literaturtheorien materialisieren und Kommunikations- und Medienkompetenz sowie historische und ästhetische Urteilskraft schulen, warum sie ideale Räume für forschendes Lehren und Lernen sind und wie sie literaturwissenschaftliche Reallabore sein können. Literaturausstellungen sind wie die Didaktik der Literaturwissenschaft eine besondere, weil polyperspektivische, ver- und befremdende, entmythologisierende Didaktik des Lesens.
Warum spricht eigentlich niemand über Filter?
Authors: Elbir Deniz
Published: July 2024

Deniz Elbir widmet sich in diesem Beitrag den Grundprinzipien der sogenannten diversitätsorientierten Öffnung von Kultureinrichtungen, welcher explizit aus einer Perspektive heraus verfasst wurde, die unterschiedliche Seiten und damit auch Kehrseiten des Diskurses aus einer täglichen Arbeitspraxis kennt. Es fließen sowohl systemimmanente Betrachtungen ein, als auch jene aus jahrelanger Beratertätigkeit für diversitätsorientierte Öffnungen, für Programmberatungen und Entwicklungspläne. Ohne einen Anspruch auf Absolutheit zu beanspruchen, sollen die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und systemischen Gefüge dargelegt und zusammengeführt werden. Im ersten Teil werden hierzu einige Grundannahmen in der Debatte um Diversität in der Kultur diskutiert. Im zweiten Teil werden Erfahrungswerte dargelegt und in ein Verhältnis zum gegenwärtigen Diskurs und den diskutierten Grundannahmen gesetzt.
Common Grounds
Authors: Görmar Farina , Lampert Anna , Pattathu Antony George
Published: July 2024

Immer mehr Kultureinrichtungen suchen die Zusammenarbeit mit Organisationen der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft und BIPoC-Expert*innen. Sie sehen darin einen zentralen Hebel, um Öffnungsprozesse in ihren Häusern anzustoßen, Power Sharing zu ermöglichen und ein diverseres Publikum anzusprechen. Doch die historisch gewachsenen hierarchischen Strukturen, Verwaltungs- und Arbeitsabläufe des klassischen Kulturbetriebs ermöglichen nicht immer eine Zusammenarbeit mit den angefragten Akteur*innen, es fehlt ein »Common Ground«. Farina Görmar, Anna Lampert und Antony Pattathu zeigen in ihrem Beitrag Möglichkeiten des >>Groundings
Migration im Museum - Museen der Migration
Authors: Aksen Bora , Haut Anna , Oltmer Jochen
Published: July 2024

Anna Haut und Bora Aken sprechen mit Jochen Oltmer über die Repräsentation von Migration in Museen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Museums Friedland und des Focke-Museums, dem Bremer Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte. Sie diskutieren die Veränderung der Museumslandschaft der vergangenen Jahre, der zunehmenden Berücksichtigung migrationsbezogener Aspekte und die spezifischen Herausforderungen "Migration" zu einem Gegenstand von Ausstellungen zu machen.
Zur Poetik der Selbstverpflichtung. Vielfalt im Kontext von Rhetorik und politischer Praxis
Authors: Nieberle Sigrid
Published: July 2024

Die wertschätzende Rhetorik soziokultureller Diversität wird bisweilen einem weitgehend folgenlosen woke capitalism und seinem Diversitätsimperativ zugeschlagen, meist jedoch im Modus der Selbstverpflichtung kommuniziert. Unternehmen und Institutionen bekennen sich zu ambitionierten diversitätsorientierten Managementkonzepten, die eine spezifische »Poesie der Reform« (Luhmann) hervorbringen. Daher lohnt es sich, die Poetik dieser Selbstverpflichtung mit semiotischem Instrumentarium näher zu untersuchen und in historische wie rhetorische Kontexte einzuordnen. Besonders relevant erscheint die Frage, wie ein solcher pragmatischer Text ausgestaltet sein muss, damit ein gemeinsamer Sprechakt institutionell organisierter Kollektive gelingen kann. Am Beispiel der »Charta der Vielfalt« tritt die nötige Balance zwischen sprachlicher Materialität, poetischer Gestaltung und gesellschaftspolitischer Aussage zutage.
Der Diversitätsimperativ im Wissenschafts- und Hochschulsystem der Weltgesellschaft
Authors: Kaldewey David
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des Funktionsbereichs von Wissenschaft und Hochschule, dass was auf den ersten Blick als globaler Diversitätsimperativ erscheint, in Varianten daherkommt, die Verschiedenes bedeuten und bewirken können. Im ersten Teil wird aufgeschlüsselt, was gemeint sein kann, wenn in den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften über Diversität geforscht wird. Vorgeschlagen wird eine Heuristik, die zwischen Diversitätsdiskursen, Diversitätspraktiken und Diversitätsstrategien unterscheidet. Ausgehend von der Frage, warum Diversität gemanagt werden soll, werden im zweiten Teil verschiedene Argumente rekonstruiert, die der Institutionalisierung von Diversitätsmanagement zugrunde liegen. Der dritte Teil verweist darauf, dass sich die Forderung nach mehr Diversität auf verschiedene Aspekte und Gruppen beziehen kann und dass deshalb Ziele und Prioritäten transparent gemacht werden sollten.
Islands of hope
Authors: Glück Kim
Published: July 2024

Informal savings associations (known as equb/qubye in the Ethiopian context) are a global phenomenon and a future-oriented practice that is ubiquitous in the diverse Ethiopian-Eritrean community in Israel. The heterogeneity of this commu-nity is reflected in the fact that it is divided into two groups, differentiated primarily by their legal status. On the one hand, there are Ethiopian Israelis, most of whom immigrated to Israel in the early 1990s and were naturalized under the Israeli Law of Return. Since their arrival in their long-awaited religious homeland, they have been an integral part of multicultural Israeli society. With security offered by the Israeli welfare state (e.g., pensions), state mortgages, and the possibility of house own-ership, there is little need to save money urgently for an uncertain future (Kaplan 2010: 73). Yet, the equb practice is quite significant among Ethiopian Israelis. On the other hand, there are Ethiopian and Eritrean migrants who are in Israel as asy-lum seekers. They are temporarily tolerated, and Israel is mostly just a short-term stopover on the way to a future home elsewhere. For these migrants, belonging to an equb group is an important mechanism for maintaining and strengthening connections with the diaspora community and increasing financial security. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of hope in the context of the equb practice of Ethiopian Israelis as well as within the Ethiopian-Eritrean diaspora community in Israel, exploring its manifestations across various temporal, spatial, and social aspects.
Savings (equb) and insurance (iddir) associations of Eritreans in Germany
Authors: Tewolde Kelati Sebhatleab
Published: July 2024

With more than 70,000 members, Germany hosts the third-largest Eritrean population in the world. The objective of this contribution is to explore and describe the establishment, activities, and administration of savings (equb) and insurance (id-dir) associations in this community. The investigation contextualizes their utilization within the framework of the migration experience. The associations are organized based on trust to help members solve their economic and social challenges. Trust is established through family, religious, or ethnic affiliations, and this helps the associations have a less formal administra-tive structure. Though most are not registered as non-profit organizations, they have binding internal regulations.
Alexander von Humboldts Naturforschung
Authors: Feige Sophia
Published: July 2024

Sophia Feige befasst sich mit "Alexander von Humboldts Naturforschung", konkret mit dem "Verhältnis von Ästhetik, Natur und geographischer Bildung". Von hieraus zeigt sie, dass die Natur der Geographie eben nicht als Gegenstand verstanden werden darf, sondern als Naturverständnis, als innere Haltung, räumlich verankert und leiblich erfahrbar und von gesellschaftlichen und historischen Kontexten präformiert. Sie stellt die forschungslogischen Konsequenzen dar, die gezogen werden müssen, wenn wir mit Bezug auf Humboldt eine zeitgemäße, d.h. auf die Fragen und Probleme unserer Zeit antwortende angemessene Vermittlungsidee formulieren. Dazu ist es notwendig, die Bruchstelle zwischen Moderne, Romantik und Aufklärung ernst zu nehmen.
Lernen am Artefakt
Authors: Mörgeli Claudia
Published: July 2024

Wie sprechen Schüler*innen über ihre eigenen Handlungen und Lernprozesse, wenn die Lehrperson nicht ins Geschehen involviert ist? Und inwiefern führt das ästhetisch-forschende In-Beziehung-Treten mit dem Artefakt zu neuen Erfahrungen, die sich für das konzeptuelle Denken der Schüler*innen als leitend erweisen? Mithilfe prozess- und handlungsorientierter Konzepte leistet Claudia Mörgeli dazu Grundlagenforschung im Fach »Textiles und Technisches Gestalten«. Ihre Erkenntnisse nutzt sie für Handlungshinweise an Lehrpersonen, die auch außerhalb der Kunstpädagogik lernförderlich angewendet werden können.
Die Komposition der Hysterie
Authors: Müller Julia Marie
Published: July 2024

Wie psychologisch ist die Musik von Richard Strauss? Julia Marie Müller widmet sich seiner Tondichtung »Don Quixote« und spiegelt neue Erkenntnisse einer Psychologie der Moderne um 1890 auf das Schaffen des Komponisten. Mittels einer Analyse der musikalischen Motive im Kontext semiotischer Theorien Umberto Ecos deckt sie eine spezielle Bedeutsamkeit auf, die sich in der Struktur der Komposition zeigt: Strauss hat seinen Protagonisten auf Basis aktuellster zeitgenössischer Forschung konzipiert und musikalisch ausgeführt. So gestaltet sich etwa Don Quixotes Verrücktheit bei Strauss als Hysterie, deren funktionelle Mechanismen in den Strukturen der Motivbehandlung der Komposition sicht- und hörbar werden.
Die Wiederentdeckung des Kunstspielklaviers
Authors: Rose Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Während Reproduktionsklaviere wie das Welte-Mignon schon vor langer Zeit wiederentdeckt wurden, harren die Kunstspielklaviere noch ihrer Renaissance. Sie unterscheiden sich von ihren berühmteren Geschwistern durch die aktivere Rolle, die sie dem Spieler einräumen: Dieser soll, in Analogie zum klassischen Klavierspiel, mit der Notenrolle auf Augenhöhe und den Händen auf einem Spielbrett, das Dynamik, Tempo und Pedal kontrolliert, vom Apparat unterstützt musizieren. Sebastian Rose diskutiert die faszinierenden Instrumente erstmals umfassend aus kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Darüber hinaus wirft er auch einen Blick auf organologische, wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Aspekte und erweckt die Kunstspielklaviere so wieder zum Leben.
Nachverdichtung im Städtebau
Authors: Kaufmann Lisa
Published: July 2024

Nachverdichten sowie Um- und Anbauen anstelle eines Neubaus - so lässt sich die aktuelle Devise in Architektur und Städtebau auf den Punkt bringen. Siedlungsbauten der Nachkriegsmoderne stellen in dieser Hinsicht einen wichtigen Faktor zur Wohnraumversorgung und Mietmarktstabilisierung in Großstädten dar. Lisa Kaufmann analysiert die Besonderheiten von Zeilenbauten sowie die Herausforderungen und Potenziale ihrer Weiterentwicklung. Dazu bündelt sie quantitatives und qualitatives Wissen als Entscheidungs- und Planungsgrundlage für zukünftige Nachverdichtungen. Im Fokus stehen das Weiterbauen, der Erhalt von Siedlungen der Nachkriegsmoderne und die Anpassung an heutige Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen.
Hegel on Sacred Poetry
Authors: Ibarra B. Víctor
Published: July 2024

In his aesthetic reflections, Hegel identifies the Judaic Psalms, which he calls sacred poetry, as the core of the sublime. While it has often been suggested that Hegel showed little interest in the notion of sublimity, Ibarra B. contends that this interpretation is misleading and warrants further elucidation. Introducing a new perspective, he argues that a careful examination of Hegel's remarks on sacred poetry reveals a critique of the notion of agency as depicted in the Psalms. By revisiting Hegel's early works predating 1800 and his dispute with Kant's concept of freedom, this studyoffers a practical account of Hegel's view on sublime art within the framework of his philosophy of love.
The role of geocosmic transport in the large-scale industrialization of the space
Authors: Unitsky A.E. ,   Astroengineering Technologies LLC, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, Isaev D.A. , Looksha V.L. , Labazava I.E. , Telegina A.A. ,   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc., Minsk, Republic of Belarus,   Astroengineering Technologies LLC, Minsk, Republic of Belarus,   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc., Minsk, Republic of Belarus,   Astroengineering Technologies LLC, Minsk, Republic of Belarus,   Astroengineering Technologies LLC, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: July 2024

Today, humanity is faced with a number of environmental problems, the solution of which depends on our continued existence. The authors propose a systematic approach to get out of this situation, which is described in detail in the EcoSpace program. The main vector of further industrial development will be space, but its implementation requires transport that has a number of unique characteristics. The authors of the article proposed the design of a general planetary vehicle (GPV), which is a self-supporting aircraft (with a length of 40,076 km, a total mass without payload of about 30 million tons), made in the form of a torus with a cross section of several meters, covering the planet in a plane, parallel to the equator. A solution to the problem of stabilization of the central position of the rotor in the channel of the stator of a general planetary vehicle (GPV) with the help of the forces of the magnetic fields of permanent magnets is proposed. The designed system compensates for external forces acting both on the rotor during takeoff preparation and on the stator during climb. The diagrams of the distribution of magnetic fluxes in the suspension, as well as under the influence of the Earth's gravity force on the rotor near its surface, are given. Thus, a general planetary vehicle, designed to move all harmful industrial production beyond the planet Earth, opens up prospects for using the conditions of weightlessness, vacuum, ultra-low and ultra-high temperatures, spatial, energy and raw materials of near space and the boundless Universe. The results of the conducted studies and their analysis demonstrate that UTS is able to provide a planetary scale and a rapid pace of practical implementation of the uSpace project.
Adjusting Mood in Mandarin Chinese: A Game Theory Approach to Double and Redundant Negation with Entropy
Authors: Sun Yanting , Kong Lingda
Published: July 2024

This study investigates how Mandarin Chinese speakers use double and redundant negations to adjust information entropy and convey the speaker’s mood. Integrating Gricean implicature, signaling game theory, and information entropy, we quantified uncertainty in negation sentences by calculating self-information of negation markers and overall entropy for negations versus affirmatives. Analyzing sentences from the BCC Corpus of Mandarin Chinese newspapers, we extracted double and redundant negation patterns, calculated their frequencies, and compared entropy values in payoff matrices against affirmatives. Contextual analysis of surrounding discourse interpreted pragmatic functions. Our findings reveal that universal double negations reduce sentence entropy, intensifying assertiveness. Modal forms further decrease entropy, amplifying necessity, while conditional patterns strengthen the asserted conditions. Euphemistic double negations increase entropy, weaken assertiveness, and align with Levinson’s Manner Principle. This increase in entropy quantifies pragmatic markedness, allowing tentative critiques. Redundant negations significantly reduce entropy, strengthening negative attitudes. We elucidate how interlocutors navigate cooperative discourse by quantifying uncertainty via entropy measures, making contextually-optimal linguistic choices like assertion, indirectness, and emphasis. These findings impact signaling game theory and pragmatic markedness, with applications in natural language processing, cross-cultural communication, and computational models. Future research could explore other languages and cognitive and social factors in negation use.
Design and optimization of two-stage controller for three-phase multi-converter/multi-machine electric vehicle
Authors: Jassim Arkan A. , Karam Ekhlas H. , Ali Mohammed Moanes E.
Published: July 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) cut greenhouse gas emissions and our use of non-renewable resources, making them more attractive. EVs have lower fuel and maintenance expenses than internal combustion engine automobiles. This study proposes a multi-converter/Multi‒Machine system with two induction motors (IM) that drive a pure EV’s rear wheels. EV two-stage controllers using a simple Adaline neural network (NN) regulate Field-Oriented regulate of a three-phase IM. To control IM speed, the first controller level is a hybrid proportional–integral (PI) with a robust integral sign of error (RISE) controller. Injection torque is controlled by PI‒adaline NN in the second controller step. The simple Adaline NN improves two-stage controller performance. The Multi-Verse Optimization algorithm found the ideal RISE parameter to improve EV drive system performance. A plug-in EV’s linear speed is controlled by the Electronic Differential Controller (EDC). It uses the driver’s reference speed and steering angle to set each driving wheel’s reference speed. EDC adjusts wheel speeds to enhance traction and stability during cornering, accelerating, and decelerating. Utilizing this information, the EDC can effectively distribute power and torque to the wheels, thereby enhancing vehicle handling and overall performance. Three distinct road scenarios and the designated driving route topology have been used to act and demonstrate the resistive forces that affected the EV while it was traveling down the road. By using Matlab (Simulink), EV’s roadworthiness and efficiency will be evaluated.
Illustrating a Jewish Life: Portrait Photography, Biography and the Creation of a Jewish Public Sphere
Authors: Grossmann Rebekka
Published: July 2024

Portrait photography is a fixed element in the history of German Jewry. This article asks what we can learn about a Jewish biography like that of the German–Jewish writer Sammy Gronemann by seeking to follow his life’s trajectories through the images he and others created of him and the appearances he coined. It argues that photography not only represented but also actively shaped his work as a writer and a Zionist politician and that it influenced the worlds he inhabited. It does so by situating Gronemann, the German Jew, in the history of German portrait photography, Gronemann, the Western Zionist, in the history of international Zionist image politics and Gronemann, the writer in the history of the creation of a visible cultural scene in the Yishuv and later Israel. Pondering Gronemann’s relationship with visual arts offers insights into the ways public visibility shaped German–Jewish realities both in Europe and in Palestine, both before and after the foundation of the State of Israel.