bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of milk and grass composition from grazing Irish dairy herds with and without milk fat depression
Authors: Neville O. B. , Fahey A. G. , Mulligan F. J.
Published: February 2023

Background

This study investigated the factors relating to pasture chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition that influence the milk fat percentage of spring calving, grazing dairy cows. The relationship between milk fat percentage and FA composition of the milk in these herds was also investigated.

Results

Milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield were increased in milk from HMF herds. Cows from LMF herds did not have negatively altered milk processability including rennet coagulation time (RCT), pH and ethanol stability. Crude protein, NDF, ADF, ether extract and total FA content of pasture was not different between LMF and HMF herds. Milk fat concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) t10, c12 was not different between HMF and LMF herds. Pre-grazing herbage mass and pasture content of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total FA were similar between HMF and LMF herds. Pasture offered to LMF herds had a higher concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). A strong negative relationship (r = -0.40) was evident between milk fat percentage and pasture crude protein content for MMF herds (3.31–3.94% milk fat).

Conclusions

This research reports improved milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield from HMF herds compared to LMF herds. Milk processability was not impacted by low milk fat percentage. Pasture NDF and total fatty acid content was similar in HMF herds and LMF herds. Milk fat percentage had a strong negative association (r = -0.40) with pasture crude protein content in MMF herds (MF 3.31–3.94%). Correlation values between pasture chemical and FA composition and milk fat percentage in LMF herds and HMF herds were low, indicating that diet is not the only causative factor for variation in milk fat of grazing dairy cows. Comparison of milk fatty acid composition from herds with and without milk fat depression suggests that there may be other fatty acids apart from CLA t10, c12 that contribute to the inhibition of milk fat synthesis during milk fat depression in grazing herds.
A quantitative three-dimensional comparative study of alveolar bone changes and apical root resorption between clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Almagrami Ibtehal , Almashraqi Abeer A. , Almaqrami Bushra Sufyan , Mohamed Amin S. , Wafaie Khaled , Al-Balaa Maher , Qiao Yiqiang
Published: February 2023

Background

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the alveolar bone changes and to investigate the prevalence and severity of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of maxillary incisors in patients who received treatment with clear aligners (CA) versus conventional fixed appliances (FA), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

One hundred sixty maxillary incisors from 40 patients with similar baseline characteristics based on the American Board of Orthodontics discrepancy index scores were divided into the CA and FA groups. The dentoalveolar quantitative changes were analyzed using pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCT. The measured parameters included alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone height (ABH), root length (OIIRR), and maxillary incisor inclinations.

Results

Post-treatment, the average palatal and total ABT significantly decreased in central and lateral incisors in the FA group. In contrast, the CA group’s average labial ABT of the lateral incisors decreased considerably. Regarding the ABH, both groups showed significant labial and palatal marginal bone resorption. In both groups, root lengths significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.005). The inter-group comparison revealed that ABT and root length had significantly decreased in the FA group compared to the CA group, while the ABH showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean absolute reductions of ABT and OIIRR in the CA group were significantly less (− 0.01 ± 0.89 and 0.31 ± 0.42) than those in the FA group (0.20 ± 0.82 and 0.68 ± 0.97), respectively.

Conclusions

CA and FA treatments appear to cause a significant ABT reduction and a statistically significant increased OIIRR in the maxillary incisor region, with a greater extent expected with FA treatment. However, the increased OIIRR values in the majority of both groups’ cases were not clinically significant. Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant ABH reduction, with the highest found in the labial side of lateral incisors in the CA group.
China’s decarbonization requires achievable deep underground research facilities
Authors: Chu Zhaoxiang , Wang Yiming
Published: February 2023

This letter introduces the founding of a new Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory-DUSEL in China, the distinguishing feature of which is focusing on the key scientific issue on the law of fluid matter migration within the Earth’s Critical Zone in geoscience. Various technical, economic, and social challenges were elucidated. The achievements of this facility and thereby ambitious research may provide essential solutions to both energy transition and climate security, and then bolster support for decarbonization of China’s energy sector, finally helping attain its double carbon’ goal.

Graphical Abstract
PAHs, hydrocarbons, and dimethylsulfides in Asteroid Ryugu samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil (CI1) meteorite
Authors: Aponte José C. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , Elsila Jamie E. , Parker Eric T. , McLain Hannah L. , Naraoka Hiroshi , Okazaki Ryuji , Takano Yoshinori , Tachibana Shogo , Dong Guannan , Zeichner Sarah S. , Eiler John M. , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nakamura Tomoki , Yabuta Hikaru , Terui Fuyuto , Noguchi Takaaki , Sakamoto Kanako , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Nakazawa Satoru , Tsuda Yuichi , Watanabe Sei-ichiro ,   The Hayabusa2-initial-analysis SOM team,   The Hayabusa2-initial-analysis core team
Published: February 2023

Evaluating the molecular distribution of organic compounds in pristine extraterrestrial materials is cornerstone to understanding the abiotic synthesis of organics and allows us to better understand the molecular diversity available during the formation of our solar system and before the origins of life on Earth. In this work, we identify multiple organic compounds in solvent extracts of asteroid Ryugu samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil meteorite using two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry (GC×GC–HRMS). Our analyses found similarities between the molecular distribution of organic compounds in Ryugu and the CI carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil. Specifically, several PAHs and organosulfides were found in Ryugu and Orgueil suggesting an interstellar and parent body origin for these compounds. We also evaluated the common relationship between Ryugu, Orgueil, and comets, such as Wild-2; however, until comprehensive compound-specific isotopic analyses for these organic species are undertaken, and until the effects of parent body processes and Earth’s weathering processes on meteoritic organics are better understood, their parent–daughter relationships will remain unanswered. Finally, the study of organic compounds in Ryugu samples and the curation practices for the future preservation of these unvaluable materials are also of special interest for future sample return missions, including NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission.

Graphical Abstract
Patient with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with successful emergency surgery for ulcerative colitis-associated toxic megacolon
Authors: Hayashi Hirokatsu , Tajima Jesse Yu , Yokoi Ryoma , Sato Yuta , Kiyama Shigeru , Takahashi Takao , Okumura Naoki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ibuka Takashi , Kumada Keisuke , Shimizu Masahito , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa
Published: February 2023

Background

In patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis with concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the treatment strategy should consider the presence of pneumonia, respiratory status, and the severity of the ulcerative colitis (UC). We report a case of a 59-year-old man with SARS-CoV-2 infection who was diagnosed with toxic megacolon caused by UC.

Case presentation

Preoperative computed tomography scanning of the chest showed ground-glass opacities. The patient was treated conservatively until the pneumonia improved, but developed bleeding and liver dysfunction associated with UC. As the patient’s condition worsened, emergency surgery with subtotal colorectal resection, ileostomy, and rectal mucous fistula creation was performed while undertaking adequate infection control measures. Intraoperatively, contaminated ascites was observed, and the intestinal tract was markedly dilated and fragile. Nevertheless, the postoperative outcome was positive, with no pulmonary complications. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 77.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges in surgical scheduling. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection required close monitoring for postoperative pulmonary complications.
Importance of intraoperative indocyanine green imaging in the management of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a case report
Authors: Miyashita Ryohei , Kitazawa Masato , Tokumaru Shigeo , Nakamura Satoshi , Koyama Makoto , Yamamoto Yuta , Hondo Nao , Miyazaki Satoru , Soejima Yuji
Published: February 2023

Background

Non-obstructive intestinal ischemia (NOMI) is caused by intestinal vascular spasm and has a poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated early. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been reported to be useful for the intraoperative assessment of the extent of intestinal resection required for NOMI. Few reports have described massive intestinal bleeding after conservative management of NOMI. We report a case of NOMI with massive postoperative bleeding from the site of an ICG contrast defect found before the initial surgery.

Case presentation

A 47-year-old woman with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease presented complaining of severe abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan showed portal gas and dilation of the small intestine, leading to a diagnosis of NOMI and subsequent emergency surgery. At the time of initial surgery, the contrast effect of ICG was slightly reduced, showing a granular distribution in the ascending colon to cecum (fine grain pattern) and significantly reduced in parts of the terminal ileum except around blood vessels (perivascular pattern). However, there was no obvious gross necrosis of the serosal surface, and the intestinal tract was not resected. The acute postoperative course was uneventful; however, the patient went into shock on the 24th postoperative day due to massive, small intestinal bleeding, and emergency surgery was performed. The bleeding originated from the section of the ileum that had complete loss of ICG contrast effect before the initial surgery. A right hemicolectomy with the terminal ileum resection was performed, and an ileo-transverse anastomosis was performed. The second post-operative course was uneventful.

Conclusions

We report a case of delayed hemorrhage of the ileum shown to have poor blood flow on ICG imaging at the initial surgery. Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging is useful in assessing the degree of intestinal ischemia for NOMI. When patients with NOMI are followed up without surgery, complications such as bleeding should be noted.
Assessment of subclinical myocardial dysfunctions in Egyptian children with celiac disease, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ibrahim Lamiaa Abdelrahman , Mansour Hala Hussein , Abdu Yasmeen Abdel Salam , Fattouh Aya Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Background

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The increased incidence of cardiac morbidities in celiac patients highlights the importance of early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunctions. In this study, we aimed to assess the cardiac functions and explore early subclinical myocardial dysfunctions in celiac patients by tissue Doppler imaging.

Results

A cross-sectional analytical study which included 42 celiac patients with CD and 36 age- and sex-matched controls. They were subjected to full medical history and examination and complete transthoracic echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging to assess cardiac functions. Evidences of early subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were found in our patients; they had significantly lower tricuspid E/A ratio; lower S, E′, a′ in both ventricles; reduced mitral E′/a′ (2.13 ± 0.87, 2.94 ± 0.061 respectively, p < 0.001); and increased tricuspid E/e′ (6.09 ± 0.8, 4.15 ± 1.33 respectively, p < 0.001) compared to the controls. Biventricular MPI were within normal limits, yet with a significant difference from the control (p = 0.001). lower E′/a′ in the RV is significantly related to the extraintestinal manifestations (1.5 ± 0.48, 2.16 ± 0.71 respectively, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Children with CD had subclinical myocardial dysfunction especially in RV which is better detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). These dysfunctions are increased with the presence of extraintestinal manifestations.
Mammographically detected asymmetries in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Hanafy Mennatallah Mohamed , Ahmed Aya Ahmed Hamed , Ali Engy Adel
Published: February 2023

Background

Proper assessment of mammographically detected asymmetries is essential to avoid unnecessary biopsies and missed cancers as they may be of a benign or malignant cause. According to ACR BIRADS atlas 2013, mammographically detected asymmetries are classified into asymmetry, focal asymmetry, global asymmetry, and developing asymmetry. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence in mammographically detected asymmetries compared to breast ultrasound as well as combined mammography and ultrasound.

Results

This study was a prospective study that comprised 51 women with breast asymmetry found on screening as well as diagnostic mammography. All participants conducted full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Then the obtained mammographic images were processed by the artificial intelligence software system. Mammography had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 73%, a positive predictive value of 56.52%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 80%. The results of Ultrasound revealed a sensitivity of 100.00%, a specificity of 89.47%, a positive predictive value of 76.47%, a negative predictive value of 100.00%, and an accuracy of 92.16%. Combined mammography and breast ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 100.00%, a specificity of 86.84%, a positive predictive value of 72.22%, a negative predictive value of 100.00%, and an accuracy of 90.20%. Artificial intelligence results demonstrated a sensitivity of 84.62%, a specificity of 94.74%, a positive predictive value of 48.26%, a negative predictive value of 94.47%, and an accuracy of 92.16%.

Conclusions

Adding breast ultrasound in the assessment of mammographically detected asymmetries led to better characterization, so it reduced the false-positive results and improved the specificity. Also, Artificial intelligence showed better specificity compared to mammography, breast ultrasound, and combined Mammography and ultrasound, so AI can be used to decrease unnecessary biopsies as it increases confidence in diagnosis, especially in cases with no definite ultrasound suspicious abnormality.
Imaging case series of melioidosis: the great masquerader
Authors: Amin Dhanush , Chinta Sridevi , Kapoor Anu , Subbalaxmi M. V. S. , Reddy D. Amulya , Neelima A. , Yarlagadda Jyotsna
Published: February 2023

Background

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic to Southeast Asia. Inhalation, inoculation and ingestion are major routes of transmission. Increased risk of infection is seen in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, chronic renal and liver failure and malignancy. The aim of the present case series is to describe the varied imaging manifestations of melioidosis.

Case presentation

This is a retrospective review of imaging findings in eight patients with culture-proven B. pseudomallei infections diagnosed in our institute from September 2019 to September 2021. A total of eight culture-proven melioidosis cases were reported from our institute. All of them had multiorgan involvement and predisposing conditions or risk factors, most common being diabetes mellitus and alcoholism. Lung was the most common organ involved showing nodules and consolidations followed by liver and spleen demonstrating multiple ‘honeycomb’-like abscesses. Musculoskeletal manifestations included osteomyelitis and intramuscular abscess. Cerebral abscess, cerebral infarcts, prostatic abscess, abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm with periaortic hematoma and splenic vein thrombosis with splenic infarcts were a few other manifestations.

Conclusions

Melioidosis is a great mimicker with acute, subacute or chronic clinical course involving multiple organs and resembling other common infections. Hence, it should be considered as a possible etiological agent when evaluating patients with risk factors and multiorgan involvement.
VAR, ARIMAX and ARIMA models for nowcasting unemployment rate in Ghana using Google trends
Authors: Adu Williams Kwasi , Appiahene Peter , Afrifa Stephen
Published: February 2023

The analysis of the high volume of data spawned by web search engines on a daily basis allows scholars to scrutinize the relation between the user’s search preferences and impending facts. This study can be used in a variety of economics contexts. The purpose of this study is to determine whether it is possible to anticipate the unemployment rate by examining behavior. The method uses a cross-correlation technique to combine data from Google Trends with the World Bank's unemployment rate. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous variables (ARIMAX) and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models for unemployment rate prediction are fit using the analyzed data. The models were assessed with the various evaluation metrics of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), median absolute error (MedAE), and maximum error (ME). The average outcome of the various evaluation metrics proved the significant performance of the models. The ARIMA (MSE = 0.26, RMSE = 0.38, MAE = 0.30, MAPE = 7.07, MedAE = 0.25, ME = 0.77), ARIMAX (MSE = 0.22, RMSE = 0.25, MAE = 0.29, MAPE = 6.94, MedAE = 0.25, ME = 0.75), and VAR (MSE = 0.09, RMSE = 0.09, MAE = 0.20, MAPE = 4.65, MedAE = 0.20, ME = 0.42) achieved significant error margins. The outcome demonstrates that Google Trends estimators improved error reduction across the board when compared to model without them.
Optimal shape design of an airship based on geometrical aerodynamic parameters
Authors: Atyya Mohamed , ElBayoumi Gamal M. , Lotfy Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Background

Conventional airship mathematical modeling usually involves six coupled degrees of freedom and two inputs, namely tail and thrust. The current study focuses on aerodynamic modeling. The aerodynamic model is developed in 3D-space based on plane semi-empirical model of a symmetric airship. The model depends on the main geometrical parameters of the airship. The study introduces an optimal shape design of the airship. The objective function is established to reduce drag and the effect of side flow and increases both lift force and pitching moment. Three types of airship shape construction are investigated, namely NPL, GNVR, and Wang.

Results

MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox is used to obtain the optimal shape. The population size is 50 and the number of generations is also 50 for NPL, GNVR and Wang shapes at each corresponding angle of attack $$(\alpha =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$

(
α
=

-

20
∘

,

20
∘

)

and side-slip angle $$(\beta =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$

(
β
=

-

20
∘

,

20
∘

)

. The shapes are compared to select the best fit within the operating range. To get the optimal shape, weighted averaging is performed on the optimal solution.

Conclusion

The GNVR geometric construction technique is the best method to generate the optimum shape of the airship in the presence of side-slip angle effect with the utilized objective function that reduces drag and side flow and increases lift and pitching moment.
Pneumococcal vaccination in diabetic patients: review from clinical practice
Authors: Ghit Amr
Published: February 2023

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the second-highest rate of increase in diabetes, especially in KSA, Egypt, and UAE. Diabetes accounts for a significant economic burden in terms of the cost of treatment, the management of complications, disability, and the loss of productivity. Diabetic adults have an increased susceptibility to infections due to the presence of hyperglycemia. The risk of pneumonia is higher in patients with diabetes. Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal infections) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in KSA, which also increases the risk of mortality in diabetic patients. The annual planned pilgrimage to Mecca, KSA, is one of the largest frequent religious gatherings globally, and outbreaks of infectious diseases are of great concern. This review will discuss the pneumococcal infection outbreak and prevention in patients with diabetes in KSA. Also, it will gather information discussed by a scientific advisory board held in Riyadh in 2020 covering the current understanding of pneumococcal disease prevention in diabetic patients and recommendations to overcome barriers facing vaccination.
Nonmetastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children and Adolescents: Overall Results of the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS2005 Study
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Minard-Colin Veronique , Zanetti Ilaria , Ferrari Andrea , Gallego Soledad , Dávila Fajardo Raquel , Mandeville Henry , Kelsey Anna , Alaggio Rita , Orbach Daniel , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Sheila , Guillén Burrieza Gabriela , Ben-Arush Myriam , Glosli Heidi , Mudry Peter , Ferman Sima , Devalck Christine , Defachelles Anne Sophie , Merks Johannes Hendrikus Maria , Jenney Meriel
Published: February 2023

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.

The RMS2005 study included two phase III randomized trials for high-risk (HR) and observational trials for low (LR), standard (SR), and very high-risk (VHR) patients who have been partially reported. Herein, we present a comprehensive report of results achieved for the complete unselected nonmetastatic cohort and analyze the evolution of treatment in comparison with previous European protocols. After a median follow-up of 73.1 months, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 1,733 patients enrolled were 70.7% (95% CI, 68.5 to 72.8) and 80.4% (95% CI, 78.4 to 82.3), respectively. The results by subgroup: LR (80 patients) EFS 93.7% (95% CI, 85.5 to 97.3), OS 96.7% (95% CI, 87.2 to 99.2); SR (652 patients) EFS 77.4% (95% CI, 73.9 to 80.5), OS 90.6% (95% CI, 87.9 to 92.7); HR (851 patients) EFS 67.3% (95% CI, 64.0 to 70.4), OS 76.7% (95% CI, 73.6 to 79.4); and VHR (150 patients) EFS 48.8% (95% CI, 40.4 to 56.7), OS 49.7% (95% CI, 40.8 to 57.9). The RMS2005 study demonstrated that 80% of children with localized rhabdomyosarcoma could be long-term survivors. The study has established the standard of care across the European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group countries with the confirmation of a 22-week vincristine/actinomycin D regimen for LR patients, the reduction of the cumulative ifosfamide dose in the SR group, and for HR disease, the omission of doxorubicin and the addition of maintenance chemotherapy.
Serum Succinate/Fumarate Ratio in Patients With Paraganglioma/Pheochromocytoma Attending an Endocrine Oncogenetic Unit
Authors: Bancel Léo-Paul , Masso Vincent , Dessein Anne-Frederique , Aubert Sébastien , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Coppin Lucie , Odou Marie-Françoise , Cao Christine Do , Cardot-Bauters Catherine , Pigny Pascal
Published: February 2023

Context

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) with SDHx pathogenic variants (PVs) are characterized by a higher intratissular succinate/fumarate ratio (RS/F) than non-SDHx–mutated ones. Also, an increase in serum succinate levels has been reported in patients with germline SDHB or SDHD PV.

Objective

To assess whether measurement of serum succinate, fumarate levels, and RS/F might aid identification of an SDHx germline PV/likely pathogenic variant (LPV) in patients with PPGL or in asymptomatic relatives; and to guide identification of a PV/LPV among the variants of unknown significance (VUS) identified in SDHx by next-generation sequencing.

Methods

This prospective monocentric study included 93 patients attending an endocrine oncogenetic unit for genetic testing. Succinate and fumarate were measured in serum by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The RS/F was calculated to assess SDH enzymatic function. Diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

RS/F had a higher discriminant power than succinate alone to identify an SDHx PV/LPV in patients with PPGL. However, SDHD PVs/LPVs are frequently missed. Only RS/F differed between asymptomatic SDHB/SDHD PV/LPV carriers and SDHB/SDHD-linked patients with PPGL. Finally RS/F could be helpful to easily evaluate the functional impact of VUS in SDHx.

Conclusion

Measurement of serum RS/F in patients with PPGL and in asymptomatic relatives is a valuable initial workup tool to detect those carrying a germline PV/LPV in SDHx. Its discriminative power is equal or superior to those of succinate measured alone. SDHD PVs/LPVs are less frequently identified by these biochemical tools. Use of RS/F for SDHx VUS reclassification needs to be evaluated further.
Crip Genealogies
Authors: Pickens Therí Alyce
Published: February 2023

The contributors to Crip Genealogies reorient the field of disability studies by centering the work of transnational feminism, queer of color critique, and trans scholarship and activism. They challenge the white, Western, and Northern rights-based genealogy of disability studies, showing how a single coherent narrative of the field is a mode of exclusion that relies on logics of whiteness and imperialism. The contributors examine how disability justice activists work in concert with other social justice projects, explore crip environments, create alternate disciplinary genealogies, and reject notions of the model minority. Throughout, they demonstrate how the mandate for a single genealogy of the discipline whitewashes disability and continues forms of violence. By cripping disability studies, the contributors allow for divergent histories, the coexistence of anti-ableist and antiracist theorizing, and a radically just and capacious understanding of disability.

Contributors. Suzanne Bost, Mel Y. Chen, Sony Coráñez Bolton, Natalia Duong, Lezlie Frye, Magda García, Alison Kafer, Eunjung Kim, Yoo-suk Kim, Kateřina Kolářová, James Kyung-Jin Lee, Stacey Park Milbern, Julie Avril Minich, Tari Young-Jung Na, Therí A. Pickens, Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha, Jasbir K. Puar, Sami Schalk, Faith Njahîra Wangarî
The Force of Witness
Authors: Fregoso Rosa-Linda
Published: February 2023

In The Force of Witness Rosa-Linda Fregoso examines the contra feminicide movement in Mexico and other feminist efforts to eradicate gender violence. Drawing on interviews, art, documentaries, and her years of activism, Fregoso traces the micro and macro scales of misogyny and the patterns of state complicity with gender violence. She shows how different forms of witnessing—from activist-mothers’ bearing witness to the memories of their daughters and expert witnesses in court cases to communal witnessing and a scholar-activist-citizen witnessing her own actions—are key to resisting feminicidal violence. Fregoso situates these forms of witness in the histories, contexts, structures, bodies, and intersectional struggles they emerge from. By outlining the complexities of feminicidal violence in relation to witnessing processes, Fregoso challenges the notion of witness as an individual or autonomous subject inscribed solely in the legal or religious arenas. Rather, she theorizes witness as a force of collectivity and a constellation of multiple social locations and intersectional practices that work together to abolish feminicidal violence.
Translational landscape in human early neural fate determination
Authors: Yan Chenchao , Meng Yajing , Yang Jie , Chen Jian , Jiang Wei
Published: February 2023

Gene expression regulation in eukaryotes is a multi-level process, including transcription, mRNA translation and protein turnover. Many studies have reported sophisticated transcriptional regulation during neural development, but the global translational dynamics are still ambiguous. Here, we differentiate human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with high efficiency and perform ribosome sequencing and RNA sequencing on both ESCs and NPCs. Data analysis reveals that translational controls engage in many crucial pathways and contribute significantly to regulation of neural fate determination. Furthermore, we show that the sequence characteristics of the untranslated region (UTR) might regulate translation efficiency. Specifically, genes with short 5′UTR and intense Kozak sequence are associated with high translation efficiency in human ESCs, whereas genes with long 3′UTR are related to high translation efficiency in NPCs. In addition, we have identified four biasedly used codons (GAC, GAT, AGA and AGG) and dozens of short open reading frames during neural progenitor differentiation. Thus, our study reveals the translational landscape during early human neural differentiation and provides insights into the regulation of cell fate determination at the translational level.
Proximity to the Frontier, Markups, and the Response of Innovation to Foreign Competition: Evidence from Matched Production-Innovation Surveys in Chile
Authors: Cusolito Ana Paula , Garcia-Marin Alvaro , Maloney William F.
Published: February 2023

This paper employs a matched firm production-innovation panel dataset from Chile to explore the response of firm innovation to the increased competition arising from the China shock. The data cover a wider range of innovation inputs and outputs than previously possible and allow generating measures of markups and efficiency (TFPQ) that correspond closely to the concepts of rents and technological leadership envisaged in the Schumpeterian literature. Except for the 10 percent most productive plants that see an increase in quality, increased competition depresses most measures of innovation. These differences are exacerbated when interacted with plant-level movements in rents. (JEL D24, L25, L60, O14, O19, O31, O34)
Robust Information Transmission
Authors: Dilmé Francesc
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates robust information transmission between a sender and a receiver in the Crawford and Sobel (1982) model. We characterize behavior that remains equilibrium behavior independently of the form of a small communication cost. Under standard conditions, we find that an equilibrium outcome is robust if and only if it features a maximal number of on-path actions and each is induced by a single message. The result extends regardless of the direction of the bias, the number of available messages, or whether the objectives of the sender and the receiver are aligned. (JEL D82, D83)
The irritable bowel syndrome among adults in Qatif, Saudi Arabia: prevalence and impact on health-related quality of life, by gender and age
Authors: Alnasser Ali Hassan A. , Al Kalif Mohammed Sheker H. , Alrowaila Muneera Ahmed O. , Alhomaidi Fatimah Mahdi A. , Alalsayedsalih Hasheem Murtada S. , Alkabah Ali Ahmad A. , Almanyan Ali Jaffar Q. , Al Zawwad Ali Hasan M. , Alalwan Hussain Tawfeeq A. , Bu Hassan Ahmed Tariq T. , Al Abbad Komail Abdulaziz S. , Alibrahim Hassan Ayman H. , Awkar Ali Abdullah D. , Altawfiq Kauthar Jaffar A. , Almosa Fadel Ali M.
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Even though irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not life-threatening, it can have a significant impact on a patient's daily activities and quality of life. Studies indicate that IBS is more prevalent in women than in men. The mechanism, etiology, and signs of IBS are not well understood, but there is evidence that gender and age is a biological characteristic that affects these subjects. This influence on the quality of life of Saudi adults by gender and age has not previously been compared.

(2) Methods: A snowball sampling techniques of 279 people in Qatif, Saudi Arabia, is surveyed online to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Short SF-36 was self-administered to assess HRQoL; logistic regression models, Mann-Whitney, and the Kruskal-Wallis were used. SPSS version 23.0 was used to store and analyze all data.

(3) Results: The prevalence of IBS among Saudi adults was 17.6%. IBS has a statistically significant association with age and gender which is more common among older women. IBS participants have poorer HRQoL than the overall population, particularly in Physical Component Score (PCS).

(4) Conclusions: IBS is more prevalent among Saudi adults in Qatif and has a significant negative impact on the HRQoL, particularly among elderly women.
Experimental assessment of barely visible impact damage carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite using ultrasound method
Authors: Tan Yee Vien , Lai Wei Liang , Saeedipour Hamid , Adul Majid Mohd Shukry , Goh Kheng Lim
Published: February 2023

Background: Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (CFRP) is susceptible to impact damage which could resulted in reduction of the mechanical properties. This paper studies the architecture of barely visible impact damage (BVID) to comprehend the extent of damage on quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates of varying thickness (i.e. 16, 24 and 32-ply laminates of 3, 4 and 5 mm respectively).

Methods: Quasi-static indentation is chosen to produce BVID on CFRP laminates, followed by using non-destruction evaluation method, namely conventional contact-type ultrasonic testing (UT) and C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM) method.

Results: The findings revealed (1) the size and shapes of the BVID on CFRP laminates, (2) no damage found at the point of damage, and (3) the bridging between the point of impact to the outer damaged diameter due to the consequence of diverse orientation of carbon fibre strips which exhibit excellent mechanical properties before structural failure.

Conclusions: The results concluded that the UT and C-SAM method can identify both the pristine region and the internal damaged structures in CFRP laminates.
A hitchhikers’ guide to the terminology of accreditation processes for health professionals and institutions
Authors: Sousa Nuno , Santa-Cruz Andre , Melo Antonio , Sousa Camila , Marques Fernanda , Leite-Almeida Hugo , Souza Lucimara , Marangoni Marco , Raia Marcia , Santos Maurilio , Goncalves Nuno , Morgado Pedro , Souza Pedro , Matos Sousa Rita , Gomes Sara , Santos Wilfredo , Araújo Beatriz , Amaral Eliana , Pereira Vitor , Scoles Peter ,   MAPS
Published: February 2023

Accreditation processes for health care professions are designed to ensure that individuals and programs in these fields meet established standards of quality and effectiveness. The accelerating pace of globalization in the health care professions has increased the need for a shared understanding of the vocabulary of evaluation, assessment, and accreditation.  The psychometric principles of valid and reliable assessment are commonly accepted, but the terminology is confusing. We believe that all stakeholders – evaluators, faculty, students but also the community – will benefit from a shared language and common set of definitions. We recognize that not all readers will agree with the definitions we propose, but we hope that this guide will help to ensure clarity, consistency, transparency, and fairness, and that it will promote through the stimulation of a debate greater collaboration across national and international boundaries.
Quality Indicators of Transport Services to Assess the Quality of Public Services
Authors: Kapelyuk Zoya , Popova Ya.
Published: February 2023

The quality of services is one of the most important and problematic indicators in the economy, due to the lack of a unified methodology for calculating quality. The Russian Federation provides a large volume of transportation services to the population, but the transport complex has certain specifics. The authors propose an algorithm for assessing the quality of transport services based on external criteria, reflecting the characteristics and focus of transport enterprises. The article assesses the quality of passenger transportation services provided by advanced modes of transport: air, rail and road. The analysis and comparison of indicators of safety, security, environmental friendliness, transport, economic and informational accessibility, as well as speed of movement and convenience is carried out. A rating of the attractiveness of modes of transport, obtained by comparing the proposed indicators according to the algorithm for assessing the quality of services provided, has been compiled.
Loss in CO2 assimilation by forest stands relative to its emissions generated by the economic sector as an indicator of ecological consequences of a windstorm in the municipality of Brusy, NW Poland
Authors: Kunz Mieczysław , Nienartowicz Andrzej , Kamiński Dariusz
Published: February 2023

The extent of damage to state and private forests as well as roadside and field buffer strips of trees in the urban-rural municipality of Brusy in the Pomerania Province, Poland, following the powerful windstorm on 11–12 August 2017, was calculated based on different data. The size of losses was expressed in m3 of large (merchantable) timber harvested from windsnap or windthrow. The biomass of the destroyed assimilation apparatus was estimated using expansion factors and ratios of individual compartments of damaged trees representing 20 species. By applying conversion factors expressing the amount of carbon dioxide fixed during the year per unit of dry leaf biomass of each tree species, the total loss in net and gross photosynthesis, corresponding to the biomass of the destroyed assimilation apparatus, was estimated. The obtained values were compared with CO2 emissions generated by the commune in 2006, 2013 and 2020. It has been found that the sum of losses in photosynthesis and CO2 emissions generated by economic activity is a good indicator of environmental threats, and the percentage of losses accounted for by photosynthesis is a good indicator of ecological losses caused by the windstorm in the forest stands.
Water and Fire – The History of a Mound of Ash: Water Management in Hellenistic Berenike, Its Environmental and Logistical Setting
Authors: Woźniak Marek A. , Popławski Szymon
Published: February 2023

Archaeological work since 2014 in the Hellenistic areas of Berenike, a key port on Egypt’s Red Sea coast, founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphus in c. 275 BC, has brought extensive evidence of water-related structures: a rock-cut well located inside a rebuilt early-Hellenistic gate and a nearby cistern with an associated rainwater-collection system, that has changed the way in which the sources and uses of water in Hellenistic Berenike is understood today. The research started with the excavation of an ash mound, a characteristic landmark in the western part of the site, which is now believed to be the rubbish dump from the furnace that heated a Hellenistic bathhouse. At this stage in the research, it can be argued that Hellenistic Berenike had sufficient water available on site not only for drinking (hence potable), and agricultural and industrial uses, but also for public bathing. This article summarises the current state of research, presenting recent discoveries of a Hellenistic date at the site within their archaeological, architectural and environmental contexts.
The fixed point set of the inverse involution on a Lie group
Authors: Duan Haibao , Liu Shali
Published: February 2023

The inverse involution on a Lie group $G$ is the periodic $2$ transformation
$\gamma $ that sends each element $g\in G$ to its inverse $g^{-1}$. The
variety of the fixed point set $\Fix(\gamma )$ is of importance for the
relevances with Morse function on the Lie group $G$, and the $G$-representations
of the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$.
In this paper we develop an approach to calculate the diffeomorphism types of the fixed point sets $\Fix(\gamma)$ for the simple Lie groups.
Motion planning in polyhedral products of groups and a Fadell-Husseini approach to topological complexity
Authors: Aguilar-Guzmán Jorge Aguilar-Guzmán , González Jesús
Published: February 2023

We compute the topological complexity of a polyhedral product $\mathcal{Z}$ defined {in terms of} an $\operatorname{LS}$-logarithmic family of locally compact connected
$\operatorname{CW}$ topological groups. The answer is given by a combinatorial formula that involves the $\operatorname{LS}$ category of the polyhedral-product factors.
As a by-product, we show that the Iwase-Sakai conjecture holds true for $\mathcal{Z}$. The proof methodology {uses}
a Fadell-Husseini viewpoint for the monoidal topological complexity
$\big(\mathsf{TC}^M\big)$ of a space, which, under mild conditions, recovers Iwase-Sakai's original definition.
In the Fadell-Husseini context, the stasis condition - $\mathsf{TC}^M$'s \emph{raison d'\^etre} - can be encoded at the covering level.
Our Fadell-Husseini inspired definition provides an alternative to the $\mathsf{TC}^M$ variant given by Dranishnikov,
as well as to the ones provided by Garc\'ia-Calcines, Carrasquel-Vera and Vandembroucq in terms of relative category.
Monotonicity of eigenvalues of the fractional $p$-Laplacian with singular weights
Authors: Iannizzotto Antonio
Published: February 2023

We study a nonlinear, nonlocal eigenvalue problem driven by the fractional $p$-Laplacian with an indefinite,
singular weight chosen in an optimal class. We prove the existence of an unbounded sequence of positive variational eigenvalues
and alternative characterizations of the first and second eigenvalues. Then, by means of such characterizations,
we prove strict decreasing monotonicity of such eigenvalues with respect to the weight function.
Borsuk-Ulam theorems for elementary abelian 2-groups
Authors: Crabb Michael C.
Published: February 2023

Let $G$ be a fct Lie group and let $U$ and $V$ be
finite-dimensional real $G$-modules
with $V^G=0$. A theorem of Marzantowicz,
de Mattos and dos Santos estimates the covering dimension of the
zero-set of a $G$-map from the unit sphere in $U$ to $V$ when
$G$ is an elementary abelian $p$-group for some
prime $p$ or a torus.
In this note, the classical Borsuk-Ulam theorem will be used to give
a refinement of their result estimating the dimension
of that part of the zero-set on which an elementary abelian
$p$-group $G$ acts freely or a torus $G$ acts with finite isotropy
groups.
The methods also provide an easy answer
to a question raised in \cite{DM}.
watching children play: toward the earth in bliss
Authors: Uskokovic Evangelina , Uskokovic Theo , Uskokovic Vuk
Published: February 2023

Watching children at play is favorite pastime for many elderlies. However, the growing safety concerns have prompted parents to become increasingly resistant to the idea of having strangers watch their children in parks and playgrounds. This creates an intergenerational gap in communication with potentially detrimental consequences for all social groups. Oral interviews were conducted and written surveys distributed that validated the hesitance of seniors, especially in the United States, to spend time at children’s playgrounds despite their finding the vicinity of children stimulating. Behavioral observations were conducted at playgrounds to quantify the positive and negative effects of supervisors’ ages on children’s play and thus indirectly assess whether there can be mutual benefits of making the presence of older people at playgrounds, which is customary in many countries, more culturally acceptable. Observations focused on the behavior of a pair of siblings showed that there is an increased probability of both conflicts and joyful expressions when the children were in the presence of a middle-aged person than when they were watched over by the elderlies. This has suggested that freer expressions stimulated in the presence of parent-like figures simultaneously induce the undesired and the desired behavioral patterns in the form of propensities for conflict and propensities for expressions of joy, respectively. This has confirmed that the observational stance has a critical effect on the observational outcome and that the age of the watchers has an effect on the behavior of children at play, with the age correlating directly with the calmness of the play, but also with a lower degree of exhilaration.
as práticas adultocêntricas nas políticas públicas destinadas às infâncias no brasil: pistas para aproximações de um devir-erê
Authors: Fim Matheus magno Dos santos , César Janaína Mariano
Published: February 2023

This article problematizes work practices with children, analyzing especially adult-centric practices and the ways in which they characterize public policies aimed at childhood in Brazil. Our study was based on the cartography method, which made it possible to monitor the uncertain psychosocial landscapes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. It used methodological concepts from Institutional Analysis and the Sociology of Childhood, which intersected with elements of Afroperspectivist philosophy, such as represented among the Ibeji and the Erês. The methodological tool adopted was the Conversation Circle, carried out online, which operated as a group apparatus characterized by welcoming and sharing, where it was possible to gather and analyze data on adult-centric practices among workers from different public agencies in health, social assistance and education, aimed at children in the state of Espírito Santo. Research diaries were also produced,  which were referred to in the analytic process. The text identifies several aspects of Erean adult’s views of childhood, and offers  insight into the knowledge and practices that contribute to the process of becoming-Erê, a possibility that can be exercised at any stage of life.