bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of causal associations among gut microbes,plasma metabolites and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Wei , Wu Xiao wei , Wu Jing , Zhang Bing yu , Chen Liang sheng , Yi Xue
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: A collection of interstitial lung disorders, particularly in elderly individuals, with an uncertain cause is known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A growing body of research indicates that the causes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may include the multifaceted interaction of gut microbes and plasma metabolites. However,uncertainty exists regarding the causative link between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, plasma metabolites, and gut microbes.
METHODS:Based on GWAS database,two-sample MR analysis was used to identify gut microbes and plasma metabolites that influence the risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sensitivity analysis was used in order to assess the robustness of the results. At last, reverse MR was employed to explore reverse causation.
RESULTS:The development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be influenced genetically by nine different gut microbes (family.Bacteroidaceae, genus.Bacteroides, genus.Senegalimassilia, etc.) and thirteen different plasma metabolites (glucose, 2-aminobutyrat, aspartylphenylalanine, etc.). Additionally, changes in 10 plasma metabolites and 9 gut microbes may result from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSION:We have established a causal association between gut microbes, plasma metabolites, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for the first time with this research. Our research contributes to advancing both clinical therapies and public health strategies that will effectively reduce the incidence and social burden of IPF.
The genus Termitomyces: Outline, phylogeny, and divergence times estimation with description of a new edible species from Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Hussain Shah , Al-Kharousi Moza , Al-Owaisi Arwa A. , Al-Maqbali Dua'a , Al-Muharabi Marwa A. , Al-Shabibi Zahra , Al-Balushi Abdullah H. , Saady Nadiya Al , Velazhahan Rethinasamy , Rashan Loay , Al-Sadi Abdullah M. , Al-Yahya'ei Mohamed N.
Published: November 2023

The termite cultivated mushroom genus Termitomyces belongs to the family Lyophyllaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). In this study, we presented a phylogeny of Termitomyces based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α). The ancestral age of Termitomyces was estimated around 23 million years. Molecular clock analyses also indicate the presence of two clades, each clade with approximate stem age of 18 million years. We think that these clades can be treated for the infrageneric classification of Termitomyces. Furthermore, we also described a new species in the genus, Termitomyces dhofarensis from Dhofar region, located in southern Oman. The new species is edible. Local people collect it for generations for food and even trade it in the local markets. The species is described here based on a combination of morphological features of basidiomata and multigene phylogenetic analyses. The divergence time is estimated to be around 1.2 million years for Termitomyces dhofarensis. This is the first report of the genus from Arabian Peninsula.
The Value of Adjunctive Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lianfeng , Geng Yu , Liu Yuanwei , Lv Tingting , Zhang Ping
Published: November 2023

Background
Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The left atrium posterior wall is an arrhythmogenic substrate that contributes to the development of AF. It remains unclear whether additional left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) beyond PVI is beneficial in AF patients. This study evaluated the impact of PWI on clinical outcomes of AF patients.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of AF with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of all atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT). The safety outcomes were mainly focused on procedural adverse events.
Results
A total of 16 studies (7 RCTs, 3 prospective study and 6 retrospective analysis) with 3340 patients with AF were included (1550 patients in PVI with PWI group and 1790 in PVI alone group). 12 studies included persistent atrial fibrillation patients, 3 studies with paroxysmal AF patients and 1 study with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF concurrently. Mean follow-up was 16.56months. In AF patients, adjunctive PWI obviously reduced the recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias (RR 0.78 [95% CI 0.64–0.95], I²=79%, P=0.01) and the recurrence of AF (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53–0.88], I²=75%, P=0.004); Meanwhile, adjunctive PWI was not associated with substantially lower recurrence of atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT) (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94–1.60], I²=49%, P=0.12) .The incidence of procedural adverse events between the PVI only and PWI+PVI was similar (RR 1.19 [95% CI 0.80–1.79], I²=0%, P=0.39). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of adjunctive PWI compared with PVI only was more significant in persistent AF group and cryoballoon ablation group. Notably, adjunctive PWI with radiofrequency ablation may induce a slight increase of recurrent AFL/AT compared with PVI only (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.02–2.39], I²=30%, P=0.04).
Conclusions
In patients with AF, adjunctive PWI was associated with decreased recurrence of AF and atrial arrhythmias compared with PVI alone without an increased risk of procedural adverse events, especially in persistent AF patients. Cryoballoon ablation seemed more suitable for PWI compared with radiofrequency ablation. More RCTs are needed to verify the conclusion.
A software defect prediction approach by Cat Hunting Optimization(CHO) algorithm and deep learning based on the GAN-VGG16 networks
Authors: Ghaedi Azam , Bardsiri Amid Khatibi , Shahbazzadeh Mehdi Jafari
Published: November 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Gastric microecology changes in sepsis patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Fu Fangjie , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhengying , Ji Peng , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: November 2023

Sepsis, characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from an uncontrolled response to infection, can impact various systems of the body, including the digestive system. Prior research has identified sepsis as a significant risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding. However, there is limited reporting on the gastric microecology of individuals with sepsis complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding. This paper presents the cases of two patients, shedding light on this issue. The first case was a 29-year-old female who developed sepsis during perioperative liver transplantation, while the second case features a 34-year-old female with acute pancreatitis complicated by septic shock. Both patients underwent gastroscopy following gastrointestinal bleeding, revealing evident gastric mucosal injuries. Notably, the second patient exhibited suppurative gastritis. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of gastric juice from these two patients unveiled microecological alterations in the stomach. The sequencing results indicated a substantial presence of pathogenic sequences, underscoring the role of direct gastric mucosal injury due to infection as a significant contributor to gastrointestinal bleeding. This study not only introduces a novel approach to pinpoint the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in sepsis but also provides valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Fine-tuning ClimateBert transformer with ClimaText for the disclosure analysis of climate-related financial risks
Authors: Garrido-Merchán Eduardo C. , González-Barthe Cristina , Coronado-Vaca María
Published: November 2023

In recent years there has been a growing demand from financial agents, especially from particular and institutional investors, for companies to report on climate-related financial risks. A vast amount of information, in text format, can be expected to be disclosed in the short term by firms in order to identify these types of risks in their financial and non-financial reports, particularly in response to the growing regulation that is being passed on the matter. To this end, this paper applies state-of-the-art NLP techniques to achieve the detection of climate change in text corpora. We use transfer learning to fine-tune two transformer models, BERT and ClimateBert -a recently published DistillRoBERTa-based model that has been specifically tailored for climate text classification-. These two algorithms are based on the transformer architecture which enables learning the contextual relationships between words in a text. We carry out the fine-tuning process of both models on the novel “ClimaText” database, consisting of data collected from Wikipedia, 10K Files Reports, and web-based claims. Our text classification model obtained from the ClimateBert fine-tuning process on ClimaText, outperforms the models created with BERT and the current state-of-the-art transformer in this particular problem. Our study is the first one to implement the recently published ClimateBert algorithm on the ClimaText database. Based on our results, it can be said that ClimateBert fine-tuned on ClimaText is an outstanding tool within the NLP pre-trained transformer models that may and should be used by investors, institutional agents, and companies themselves to monitor the disclosure of climate risk in financial reports, as well as in other textual sources, such as policies, new legislation or directives passed on this matter. In addition, our transfer learning methodology is cheap in computational terms, thus allowing any organization to perform it.
Design, Validation, and Examination of the Performance Improvement of Dewatering System Implemented for Biogas Slurry
Authors: Yadav Sunil
Published: November 2023

The project addresses the pressing need for organic fertilizers in Nepal and explores an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. By dewatering biogas residue, this research contributes to sustainable agriculture practices. The project's methodology involved a combination of research, literature recommendations, and guidance from experienced supervisors. SolidWorks was utilized for the design phase, while ANSYS facilitated simulation works. Subsequently, the testing of the dewatering machine was conducted. The biogas slurry used for testing and sun-drying was sourced from a prototype 1m3 capacity biogas plant. The machine's performance was evaluated at various operating speeds, with 8 rpm identified as the most efficient. Notable outcomes included a liquid yield of 52.51%, an extraction efficiency of 79.11%, and extraction losses amounting to 22.80%. To enhance the quality of the organic fertilizer, the slurry sample underwent sun-drying for different durations: 24, 48, and 72 hours. Nutrient concentrations (TS, N, P, K) were analyzed, that came with the 48-hour sun-drying period proving to be the most effective in reducing Total Solid contents. Comparatively, pre-treating the slurry sample for 24 and 48 hours prior to testing in the dewatering machine allowed for an assessment of the machine's efficiency, offering valuable insights to be contrasted with the sun-drying process. This research paves the way for a greener, more efficient method of dewatering biogas slurry, aligning with Nepal's agricultural and environmental sustainability goals.
Microalgae biomass as a conditioner and regulator of soil quality and productivity
Authors: Lorentz Juliana Ferreira , Calijuri Maria Lúcia , Rad Carlos , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Assemany Paula Peixoto , Martinez Jorge Miñon , Kholssi Rajaa
Published: November 2023

Characteristics of an acid soil cultivated with Uruchloa brizantha cv. Marandu were evaluated in relation to two types of fertilization: a conventional one, chemical based on nitrogen and potassium, and a biological one, based on microalgae biomass. The results were compared among three treatments: control, conventional, and biological fertilization, with seven replications each. The study evaluated microalgae community, total carbon and nitrogen contents, mineral nitrogen, and enzymatic activity. Chlorella vulgaris showed the highest organism density, which can be explained by its rapid growth and high resistance. The highest species diversity was detected in the control 1,380,938 org.(cm3)−1 and biological 1,841,250 (org.(cm3)−1 treatments, with the latter showing a higher density of cyanobacteria, especially Pseudanabaena limninetica with 394,554 org. (cm3)−1. The soil treated with chemical fertilization showed higher nitrate (9.14 mg.NKg− 1 NO3−-N) and potassium (52.32 mg.dm− 3) contents. The highest levels of sulfur (21.73 mg.dm− 3) and iron (96.46 mg.dm− 3) were detected in the biological treatment. The chemical treatment showed higher activity of the enzymes acid phosphatase, acetilglucosaminidase, and sulfatase, while α-glucosidase and leucine-aminopeptidase stood out in the biological treatment. Soil properties were not significantly affected by the treatments. The use of microalgae biomass derived from wastewater treatment from milking parlors was evaluated and presented as a promising fertilizer for agriculture, following the line of recovering nutrient-rich wastes. In this sense, although many challenges need to be overcome, the results suggest that microalgae-based fertilizers could lead to low-impact agriculture.
The pine sawyer beetle alters oviposition strategy in response to extreme high temperatures
Authors: Li Hui , Li Shouyin , Chen Jin , Tan Yushan , Ye Jianren , Hao Dejun
Published: November 2023

The frequency and intensity of extreme high temperatures (EHTs) are increasing due to the climate warming. Insects have evolved a range of thermotolerance mechanisms to cope with EHTs, whereas there is limited research available on the alteration oviposition strategies under EHTs. This study aims to investigate the impacts of EHTs on the fertility and oviposition strategy of pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, a destructive forestry pest. Both male and female adults exhibited a decline in reproductive performance under EHTs. Additionally, M. alternatus females generally laid one egg within one oviposition slit to minimize offspring competition. After EHTs treatments, it was firstly found that the females laid multiple eggs, which was characterized as a novel oviposition strategy. The elicitation of this novel oviposition strategy was negatively correlated with the hatchability of offspring and count of sperms in spermatheca. Furthermore, the hatchability of eggs laid by novel oviposition strategy was significantly lower than that of eggs laid individually. The novel oviposition strategy may help alleviate adverse effects of EHTs on M. alternatus by conserving energy, contributing to the long-term survival of the population. Our findings discovered a novel direction for the behavioral adaptation of insect species in the context of climate warming.
Impact of PSMA PET/CT on the therapeutic decision of Prostate Carcinoma Biochemical Recurrence: a retrospective analysis at the Brazilian public health service.
Authors: Silva Anna Carolina Borges da , de Toledo Luís Gustavo Morato , Fernandes Roni de Carvalho , Ziroldo Alan Rechamberg , Sawczyn Guilherme Vinícius , Alarcon Shirleneq Tettmann , Lewin Fábio
Published: November 2023

Background.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in males and biochemical relapse (BCR) consists of a challenging scenario compared to primary staging due to small volume of disease and low PSA levels. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) presents superior performance and strongly affects therapeutic choice.
Objective.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSMA PET, compared to conventional imaging methods, on BCR therapeutic approach in patients treated at the public Brazilian health system.
Methods.
128 patients diagnosed with BCR were evaluated using PSMA after conventional imaging. Disease extension defined by PET was compared with conventional imaging; staging / extension changes and therapeutic management impact were then determined. PET comparison with conventional imaging and decision-making changes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests.
Results.
Disease detection rate was 60% and 41% using PSMA and conventional exams, respectively. PET detection rates and sensitivity increased proportionally to the increase in PSA levels and no statistically significant difference was observed in the rate of disease detection between patients with and without androgen blockade. After disclosure of PET findings and the results of the confrontation with conventional imaging, the board changed the management decision in 36% of the patients with and locoregional treatment indication was predominant.
Conclusions.
The impact of PSMA on BCR therapeutic management, when compared to conventional exams, is significant, favoring the indication of locoregional salvage treatments and PSMA cost-effectiveness over traditional investigation has been demonstrated in other countries.
Event Reduction in Localization of DES Supervisory Control
Authors: Saeidi Vahid , Afzalian Ali A. , Gharavian Davood
Published: November 2023

Supervisor localization procedure has been employed to construct local controllers corresponding to component agents in discrete-event systems. The proposed method in [11] is based on state reduction of a monolithic supervisor with respect to each set of controllable events corresponding to each component agent. A supervisor is localizable if state cardinality in each local controller is less than the number of states in the reduced supervisor, constructed by the proposed method in [10]. A supervisor is reducible if state cardinality of the constructed generator by the supervisor reduction procedure is less than the number of states of the original supervisor. In this paper, we define exclusive control consistency (ECC) property for a pair of states and prove that this property is a sufficient condition to guarantee reducing the event cardinality in each local controller comparing to the reduced supervisor. It is shown that reducibility and localizability properties are stronger than having ECC states in the original supervisor. The implementation of local controllers on industrial systems is facilitated by state reduction, whereas communication traffic between each pair of local controllers is reduced by event reduction.
Impact of job stress on job satisfaction for nursing staff: A survey in healthcare services in Yemen
Authors: Alraimi Ammar Ali , Shelke Abhijeet
Published: November 2023

This study looks at the effect of job-related stress on the job satisfaction of nursing staff in hospitals. Job stress is one of the most significant workplace health concerns for employees, and job satisfaction has been identified as an important factor in the delivery of high-quality services and superior performance at hospitals. This paper presents a field survey. Drawing on a sample of 362 nurses operating in Yemeni hospitals, we examined the degree to which stressors such as conflict, workload, interpersonal relationships, career development, information access, physical surroundings, career prospects, management style, job enrichment, rewards, and job security are all factors that influence job satisfaction. Conflict, excessive workload, and a lack of job autonomy were shown to be negatively correlated with all job satisfaction characteristics, whereas a lack of information access and feedback was found to be positively associated with employees' satisfaction with rewards and job security.
Biomass degradation after harvest of genetically modified products compared to conventional counterparts
Authors: Vertuan Hallison , Jose Marcia , Crivellari Augusto , G. Belchior Gustavo , Verardino Luciana , J. Soares Daniel , Bellini Luiz F. , Bacalhau Fabiana , Barancelli Marcos , Sordi Daniel , Berger Geraldo
Published: November 2023

Conventional breeding and modern biotechnology tools have been successfully combined over the years to generate GM crops. Single events have been crossed to generate stacked products and these combinations have proven to be an effective way to combine different gene products and associated characteristics which are agronomically relevant and result in yield increase. Regulatory agencies around the world still require risk assessment data for these products while no evidence-based additional biosafety concerns have emerged in over 20 years of global use. As part of the environmental risk assessment to evaluate the biosafety of GMOs, the Brazilian regulatory agency requests biomass degradation analyses of GM plants compared to their conventional counterparts. Here we present results on the evaluation of biomass degradation of GM and non-GM crops for soybean, maize and cotton, including single events and stacked products. Field trials were performed in representative cultivated areas in Brazil to generate biomass samples after harvest. Stalks, senescent leaves and stems after harvest were considered the biomass assessed. Collected samples were used in degradation studies conducted in a greenhouse setting from 2012 to 2019. For each product, data was subjected to analysis of variance and pairwise differences between GM and conventional counterparts were assessed with a 5% significance level. Our results show that single events and stacked products of soybean, maize and cotton presented no significant differences from their conventional counterparts for biomass degradation. This adds to the existing weight of evidence that indicates that single and stacked GM crops follow the same pattern of biomass degradation compared to conventional counterparts.
The effect of interest rates on credit access for small and medium-sized enterprises: A South African perspective
Authors: Sthembiso Msomi Thabiso
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effect of interest rates on credit access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. The study employs a quantitative research design, using data collected from 200 SMEs in South Africa. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. An inverse relationship between interest rate and credit accessibility was found using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = –.199, p < 0.05). The results show that interest rates have a significant negative effect on credit access for SMEs in South Africa. Moreover, the study finds that SMEs experience considerable obstacles in obtaining affordable credit, and that interest rates play a crucial role in this. The study recommends that policymakers in South Africa should consider reducing interest rates and relaxing collateral requirements to improve credit access in SMEs. Furthermore, the study suggests that SMEs should focus on building a good credit history to improve their creditworthiness and increase their chances of accessing credit. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on the effect of interest rates on credit access for SMEs and provide insights for policymakers and SME owners in South Africa.
Distribution pattern of dissolved organic matter in pore water of sediments from three typical areas of western Lake Taihu and its environmental implications
Authors: Li Zhichun , Wu Songjun , Yu Hao , Qiu Huili , Jiang Quanliang , Deng Yang , Gui Herong , Wang Guoxiang , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: November 2023

The migration, transformation, and accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pore water of sediment cores play a pivotal role in lacustrine carbon cycling. In order to understand the dynamics of DOM in the sediments of large shallow eutrophic lakes, we examined the vertical profiles of DOM and the benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in sediment cores located in algae accumulated, dredged, and central areas of eutrophic Lake Taihu, China. Optical properties showed the significant influence of terrestrial inputs on the DOM components of pore water in the algae accumulated area but an abundant accumulation of autochthonous DOM in the central area. The benthic fluxes of DOC ranging from −458.2 to −139.4 mg·m−2·d−1 in the algae accumulated area displayed an opposite diffusion direction to the other two areas. The flux ranges of 9.5–31.2 mg·m−2·d−1 in the dredged area and 14.6–48.0 mg·m−2·d−1 in the central area were relatively smaller than those in the previously reported lake ecosystems with low trophic levels. Dredging engineering disturbed the pre-dredging distribution patterns of DOM in sediment cores. The deposition, accumulation, and transformation of massive algae scums in eutrophic lakes probably promoted the humification degree of sediments.
An Analysis on The Relationship Between Online Consumption and Culture in The Framework of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
Authors: Tok Gülce , Bilis Ali Emre
Published: November 2023

Today, the internet is used extensively for information, news and entertainment. However, the behavior of purchasing goods or services on the internet has increased in recent years, especially with the effect of the global pandemic. This increase has led to changes in daily life practices. The main purpose of this study, which is based on these developments, is the effect of cultural ties on the reflections of consumers' online purchasing behaviors on this behavior, within the scope of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. For this purpose, the study was discussed within the scope of cultural dimensions and online behavior dimensions. For the purpose of the research, a conceptual framework was created in the context of the studies in the literature and hypotheses of the research were formed. The data obtained through the online survey applied to consumers over the age of 18 who engage in online consumption behavior in Çanakkale, which constitutes the universe of the study, were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 25.0 program. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that Hofstede's cultural dimensions had a significant effect on online behavior during the process of online purchasing behavior.
COVID-19 Pandemic and its Economic Impact on the Global Economy: A
Computable General Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Sone Esambe , Ko Jong-Hwan
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-
2, has been a global health crisis since its emergence in late 2019, impacting all aspects of life
worldwide. It has revealed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems while also inspiring scientific advancements
and cooperation in developing vaccines, highlighting the importance of preparedness
and equitable healthcare for future challenges.

Method:

This paper evaluates the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global
economy. The study employed the Global Trade Analysis Project model using GTAP database
version 10A with 2014 as the base year. The database's 141 regions and 65 sectors are aggregated
into 20 regions and 29 sectors. The model used involves a baseline and two policy scenarios. The
baseline scenario projected the global economy to 2020 from 2014 using macroeconomic variables,
such as real GDP, population, capital stock, and labor supply. Policy scenarios 1 and 2 accounted
for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and fiscal stimulus package, respectively.

Result:

The impacts of the pandemic are measured in real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes,
trade balance, and output by sector. Simulation results indicate that the real GDP for all
regions declined. The impact of COVID-19 on the welfare of countries, including Korea, Japan,
the US, Mexico, China, Italy, and Great Britain, varied. In all these countries, the pandemic highlighted
existing inequalities and vulnerabilities, affecting countries disproportionately. Government
interventions, such as stimulus packages, income support programs, and vaccination campaigns,
have aimed to mitigate the impact and support the welfare of the population. The pandemic disrupted
global supply chains and increased trade costs, thereby negatively impacting both import
and export volumes. The output of some sectors, such as tourism-related sectors, was heavily affected.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted real GDP, welfare, export and import volumes,
trade balance, and output by sector. By examining the specific implications of the pandemic
on each of these economic factors, policymakers and researchers can gain valuable insights into the
challenges faced and potential avenues for recovery.
Text Analytics
Authors: Sameera Divanu , Sharma Niraj , Chary R.V. Ramana
Published: November 2023

This chapter covers text analytics definitions, how to get started with text
analytics, examples and approaches, and a case study. The chapter gives examples of
existing text analytics applications to show the wide range of real-world implications.
Finally, as a guide to text analytics and the book, we give a process road map. Chapter
2 (How to Get Started with Text Analytics) briefly explains the Analyse Your Data,
Use BI Tools to Understand Your Data and Final Words. Chapter 3 (Examples and
Methods for Text Analytics) explains various Text Analytics Approaches 1: Word
Spotting Text Analytics Approach 2. Manual Rules Text Analytics Approach 3. Text
Categorization Approach 4: Topic Modelling Approach and 5. Thematic Analysis.
Applications of Word Spotting Text Analytics Approach, Manual Rules, Text
Categorization Approach, Topic Modelling Approach and Thematic Analysis are
discussed with real-time examples. Chapter 4 discusses the case study, the following
real-time application, Word Cloud Explorer, to illustrate its analytic capabilities.
Types of Non-Ionizing Radiation and its Interaction with Matter
Authors: Intakhab Bushra , Maqbool Muhammad
Published: November 2023

We encounter radiation in our daily life. Emission or transmission of energy
in the form of waves or particles is known as radiation. There are two types of radiation
– ionizing and non-ionizing. The types and interactions of non-ionizing radiation with a
medium, materials, or body tissue are discussed in this chapter. Non-ionizing radiation
has less energy than ionizing radiation; it does not possess enough energy to produce
ions or ionize body tissues and cells. Non-ionizing radiation includes Static fields,
ultrasound, and a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sunlight, mobile phones, the
earth’s magnetic field and electrical appliances are some of the common sources of
nonionizing radiation. Although these radiations have low energy, they have many
useful applications, especially in medicine. Non-ionizing radiations originate from
various natural and manmade sources. It has always been present and is all around us.
These radiations cannot destroy human tissues by ionizing body atoms, instead, they
can destroy body cells by excitations, heating, vibration, phonons generation, and
chemical changes because of the relatively low energy of the particles of nonionizing
radiation. Non-ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses in
agriculture, medicine, industry, and research. As the use of nonionizing radiation
increases, so does the potential for health hazards. In this chapter, we will look at non-ionizing radiation, the way it interacts with matter, and some of the potential biological
health effects produced by various types of non-ionizing radiation.
Microwaves and Radiofrequency Radiation: Benefits, Risks and Protection
Authors: Gonzalez Ezequiel , Maqbool Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Radiofrequency and microwave radiation are part of the electromagnetic
spectrum. They occupy the lower end of the spectrum with respect to frequency and are
on the higher end with respect to wavelength. They have lower energy than the rest of
the forms of electromagnetic energy on the spectrum, and as a result, they do not have
enough energy to ionize the materials they irradiate. Radiofrequency and microwave
radiation have been used in many applications, including communications and the use
of radar to be able to predict weather patterns, medicine in both diagnostic and
therapeutic uses, and industry. A major development in recent years has been the
development of the 5G mobile network, which uses millimeter waves to transmit data
to and from mobile phones that operate in the radiofrequency region. However, the rise
of the 5G mobile network has many concerns that high exposures to these levels of
radiation can be harmful to humans. This has been a point of discussion in the past and
has led to decades of research into the potential health effects of radiofrequency and
microwave radiation on humans. Even with a large amount of research that has been
done, the health effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation are still a highly
debated subject. The IARC classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic energy coming
off from mobile phones as a Group 2B substance, which means that it is not clear
whether it causes cancer. Overall, radiofrequency and microwave radiation can be
harmful, but research shows that it is mainly in the really high levels of exposure.
Oftentimes, the public does not come close to approaching the limits established from
the regulatory exposure limits set forth by various regulatory bodies around the world.
An Architectural Allegory for “The Ideal Human” (The Fountainhead)
Authors: Karacaoğlu Emre
Published: November 2023

Essentially an exploration of the Russian-born American author, Ayn Rand’s
philosophy, and objectivism, her novel, ‘The Fountainhead’, holds a well-deserved spot
in the architectural world. Although criticized harshly for a number of its literary
aspects, the world-famous work emphasizes that integrity is one of the distinguishing
qualities between individuals who have retained their sense of self and others who have
succumbed to the ideas of equality, acceptance and altruism. This central idea is
presented to the reader via the allegorical story of the archetypal “ideal
person/architect,” Howard Roark, who epitomizes the tenets of Rand’s philosophy.
Rand recounts this story through the depiction of four different characters, Keating,
Toohey, Wynand, and Roark, whose lives and choices represent logical variations on
her philosophical and psychological themes. As opposed to Roark, Keating is a
conformist and surrenders his judgment for acceptance and success. Toohey is a power
seeker with no tangible talent other than rhetoric, and Wynand, the only sound
character in the novel, is a publisher of vulgar tabloids, yet possesses the innate essence
to appreciate humanity’s noblest achievements. Architecture serves as an all-encompassing metaphor, and the protagonist’s architectural views represent his
philosophy of life, just as buildings designed by Peter Keating and other characters
represent their philosophies. The novel emphasizes that the basic principle embodied
by the architect is inscribed in their work, while also reminding the reader that each
individual continues to exist with such an absolute principle.
The Sheltering Sky: Re-Reading the Perceptual Experience of Desert
Authors: Köseoğlu Emine
Published: November 2023

Spatial perception is a process for understanding the spatial environment by
conveying information from the stimuli. Stemming from the interaction of humans and
their built environment, it is influenced by several subjective and objective factors.
Spatial experience, on the other hand, is related to time-duration-familiarity, meaning-interpretation- impressions of the space in addition to sensory and bodily perceptual
experiences of the environment. As an impressive medium to reveal the perceptual
aspects of space, Paul Bowles' famous novel, “The Sheltering Sky”, tells the story of
three characters: Kit, Port and Tunner. The book consists of three parts: Tea in the
Sahara, The Earth's Sharp Edge, and The Sky. The trip to North Africa, which the
protagonists think will distract them from everything, including the remnants of war,
“dissolves” the makeshift relationship through the perceptual mysteries of the Sahara.
Bowles embeds the desert as a great allegory in this painful story of travelers who are
on a journey of searching for the meaning of their existence. This study aims to reveal
that the desert here is directly connected to the sense of non-place through its
extraordinary sensory and perceptual dimensions. A phenomenological perspective is
suggested and used in an efficient way to understand the lifeworlds of the protagonists
in this novel. With the help of a phenomenologist’s point of view, the events,
situations, atmospheres, ambiences, conditions and requiems of tenderness of human
existence in the world blending in this marvelously told story could be reread.
Between Appearance and Reality ‘After Dark’
Authors: Başböğer Büşra Nur
Published: November 2023

In this article, written on the basis of Haruki Murakami's work “After Dark”,
along with the architectural layout, the author's living environment, what he wants to
present to the reader, original views, new perceptions of life, and features of the period
are examined from many angles. The main goal is to make sense of the identity of Dark
and its relationship with architecture. It is a work in which the transformations of space
can be examined by personal and social habits, acceptance after dark, and the effect of
lifestyle on architecture. In this study, the work was first analyzed with the effects of
postmodernism from a spatial perspective. Modernity, and postmodernity discourses
have an important place in order to be able to respond to discussions about making
sense of the transformations witnessed on Earth through Japan. Standing out from the
age of Enlightenment, modernism has spread across all stakes of social structures, such
as economical structure, cultural processes, and political life, and has taken a primary
role in shaping the social structure until the 20th century. The discourse “postmodern”
has taken its place in academic discussions of the social structure, which has been
reshaped by the development of communication and transportation technology after the
second half of the 20th century. These perspectives on urban discourse and the role they
play in the organization of urban space constitute the main hypothesis of this study. It
was thought that it would be useful to examine the transformations caused by modern
and postmodern discourses in the social structure based on their reflection on urban
space. In addition, the vitality of the characters has been added to the novel, where
every detail is given to the reader, from the description of a place to their music. The
vitality of the characters is an immersive work. After Dark became one of the rare
works of the postmodern movement that can be studied in literature and architecture.
Behind Every Serial Killer, There is Perfect Spatial Reasoning (The Devil in the White City)
Authors: Erkan Gökhan Hüseyin , Antmen Ahmet
Published: November 2023

The Devil in the White City is a nonfiction novel based on true events set in

Chicago, Illinois, United States, in the late 19th century. Author Erik Larson, drawing

from his background in journalism, transforms the findings of his historical research

into a literary work without breaking the connection of events with reality. The plot of

the novel proceeds with non-linear time oscillations on two main axes. The first of the

axes follows the struggle of Daniel Hudson Burnham, appointed in 1890, when the

events began, as the chief architect of the World's Fair to be held in Chicago three years

later. His dramatic struggle is full of ambition and competition in the areas of

architecture, engineering, economy, and politics. The other axis, to the extent,

permitted by the evidence and testified to by witnesses, traces the murders committed

by Henry Howard Holmes, the first known serial killer in the history of the United

States, who took advantage of the construction of the World’s Fair to plan and execute

his nefarious deeds in the same place and in the same time frame.

The sections presenting the design and construction process of The White City by

Burnham are, to a large extent, technical in themselves and will potentially attract those

readers who are particularly interested in the history of architecture. The chapters

where the spatial reasoning underlying the design of the World's Fair Hotel, known as

“The Murder Castle of Holmes”, designed and modified by Holmes specifically to

facilitate the murders he had planned and committed, are also quite interesting.

The non-linear narrative of the novel between parallel lives is dominated by the direct

narrative technique based on documents, instead of indirect narration, which gives

weight to the literary style. The author does not aim to create a connotation in the mind

of the reader through images, but to make the reader connect with reality through

uninterrupted descriptions throughout the novel. Thus, the novel, The Devil in the

White City, documents the historical background of “The City Beautiful” movement,

which is among the theories of architecture and urbanism, where Burnham's Chicago is

its very first example. On the other hand, it documents a distinct historical event by

focusing on the first known representative of the serial killer phenomenon that has

inspired many horror-thriller novels even to this day.
The Great Fire of London
Authors: Turan Oktay
Published: November 2023

The Great Fire of London is the debut novel of British poet, novelist, and
biographer Peter Ackroyd. The novel gives an opportunity to make a thematic start to
the author' s oeuvre full of London and contains many leitmotifs that will be the
cornerstones of the author's later work. Ackroyd insists that his novels are mostly from
the English tradition, although his novels have a postmodern structure. In these works,
which are written with a labyrinth-like writing technique, it is not clear where the
fiction begins and where it ends. There is not much of a difference between poetry,
literary text, or biography for Ackroyd. The result that enables the transition between
these genres is that all these genres consist of a language game. Language games are
multilayered for the author, and the reader encounters onomastic, formal or symbolic
palimpsests in the narrative. Ackroyd’s style of writing is psychogeographic, and his
characters consider the city of London a perfect fit for psychogeographic adventures.
This urge to articulate denotes an antimodern behavior pattern in the search for a
tradition that is part of a continuity against modernism
Ports of Call
Authors: Akansel Sennur
Published: November 2023

Amin Maalouf or Emin Maluf, was born on February 25, 1949, in Beirut.
The author, who writes his books in French, has lived in France since 1976. The author
was awarded the Goncourt Academy Literary Award in 1993 for his novel, The Rock
of Tanios (Le Rocheɾ de Tanios). His books have been translated into more than 40
languages and have reached a wide audience in France and in many other countries.
Amin Maalouf tells the history of the Middle East to Westerners in their own language.
He owes his fame to historical novels. His first book, The Crusades through the Eyes of
the Arabs, played an important role in his recognition as a great writer.
Ports of Call, one of Maalouf's important works, tells the story of a person who was
born in Lebanon, then went to France, took part in the resistance movement, and then
returned to Lebanon to be greeted as a hero. The author states that his source of
inspiration for this book was the life story of a person he met towards the end of the
1960s. It describes the divisions experienced in Palestine and Lebanon during World
War II and offers implicit solutions to the events in the Middle East. This study aims to
provide a spatial analysis of the locations where the events of the story take place.
Scenes from the Mind of an Artist (M Train)
Authors: Özdem Gökçe
Published: November 2023

Patti Smith's M Train resembles a mental train that stops at any station, at
any time interval. With ambition and inspiration, Smith takes the reader on a journey
between dreams and reality, past and present, books and country. Smith’s whole life
can be considered a work of art. She is an unconventional artist who reveals herself in
her relation to space. In an intertwined experience of time and space, we find Smith
reminiscing on life, loss, and pains of creation. Smith's analogy of a clock with no
hands refers to a frozen time, a memory where the past and the present coexist. This
memory also contains the ties that a person establishes with their physical environment.
The subjectivity of experience creates differences in the perception of a space. But how
is it possible to resist time in our age of speed? This is what Smith presents to her
readers: an infinite present.
Smith's memory resists its loss, just as architecture resists time. Architecture witnesses
personal and social tragedies and freezes them in time. In this sense, architecture turns
into a memory remnant, a trace, and survives by creating a bridge between the past,
present, and even the future. Smith's experience of the past in the present also makes it
possible to interpret the relationship between architecture and experiential time. In this
context, architecture reveals memory space and becomes an important factor in the
reproduction of memory. Moreover, it can help revive and maintain memory by
constructing new forms of expression. In this regard, personal and social memory
emerges as a subject that should be emphasized in architectural research.
The Role of Space in Science Fiction Literature and its Transformation: “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”
Authors: Aydın Ali
Published: November 2023

Since architecture has a fundamental place in many aspects of life rather
than just the construction of buildings, it necessitates an interdisciplinary view to
comprehend its influences and consequences fully. After the design and construction
process of the buildings is completed, they lead a different life in everyday life.
Therefore, the literature contains essential potential about the adventures of architecture
in daily life. It witnesses the neglected life of the discipline of architecture, which is
confined to certain areas. On the other hand, science fiction literature expands these
boundaries to timeless areas due to its themes based on the imagination of the future.
One of the masterpieces of science fiction literature, Philip K. Dick's novel “Do
Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” is an important work that should be consulted, as
it gives architects a chance to examine today's world from the perspective of the past
and the future, both in terms of being far ahead of its time and in terms of space
imaginations. The article aims to ask what kind of parallels the spaces in the novel have
with the social life of the characters and what the dystopian relationship with
technology will transform architecture into. In this context, it seems that spaces have
lost their importance in line with the relationship that the characters have established
with technology. In the novel, where life is made bearable only by several
technological possibilities, we come across the vision of a dystopian planet in which its
ties with Earth are irrevocably severed. Architecture, which cannot go beyond the
collage of the past on such a planet, appears as a faint shadow in the pleasing world of
technology. As a result, the architectural setup plays a vital role in increasing
authenticity as well as event and character setups in science fiction literature. It is seen
that the one-sided relationship with technology reduces architecture to a simple décor
of a history of an emulated past. This ascribed role undoubtedly embodies implications
for the present and the future. What kind of problems will be caused by looking at
architecture from the perspective of the imposition of a limited present constitutes the
most dominant architectural potential of the novel.