bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Low-Carbon Energy Management System of Intelligent Community
Authors: Shi Shan Shan , Su Yi Rong , Liu Jin Song , Liu Shu , Gan Zhou , Wang Shuang Hu , Wang Bing Wen
Published: January 2014

The development of low-carbon energy economy has become common choice of the world to solve energy security and environmental issues in the context of climate change and energy issues. Carrying out construction of intelligent community becomes the key technology for optimizing energy efficiency of smart grid. This paper focuses on low-carbon energy management system of intelligent community, which including: construction mode, functional configuration and mode switching condition on low-carbon energy management system of intelligent community as well as the coordination between the upper and lower subsystem. These can provide reference technology solutions for energy management of intelligent community in China.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr Alloy
Authors: Liu Wen Chuang , Li Quan An , Zhou Wei , Song Xiao Jie
Published: January 2014

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy have been studied. The results showed that the alloy mainly consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5. With the increase of temperature, the tensile strength of the alloy first increases and then decreases, and the peak value appears at 250°C. The elongation increases as the temperature increases.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Y-Sm-Ca Alloys
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Quan An , Chen Jun , Zhang Xing Yuan
Published: January 2014

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5Y-(2, 3, 4)Sm-0.8Ca (wt.%) alloys have been investigated. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast alloys consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg24Y5, Mg41Sm5 and Mg2Ca. With the increase of Sm addition, the tensile strength increases at first, and then decreases. Mg-5Y-3Sm-0.8Ca alloy has the highest strength and can be a basis for developing light structural materials.
Research on Precast Roof Truss of Prestressed Concrete Square Pile
Authors: Liu Jia Bin , Guo Zheng Xing , Chen Le Qi
Published: January 2014

The precast roof truss of prestressed concrete square pile is a new self-balancing system composed of prestressed concrete square pile, strut and steel tension rod. Based on finite element analysis methods, the bending moment and deformation under most unfavorable design load was checked upon crack resistant bending moment to verify its engineering feasibility, the optimal prestressed value was analyzed to get the camber of the top chord beam, and the optimal tension method for bottom chord tension rod was determined. Compared with finite element analysis results, the full scale model test was carried out to further verify its engineering feasibility and some optimization recommendation was proposed. It suggests that the tension order of middle section before diagonal rod, initial prestressed value of 10t, and prestressed control method of monitoring camber at midspan is the most reasonable and optimal solution.
Analysis of the Dynamic Causes of Collapse Accident of Formwork Support and Countermeasure Research
Authors: Jiang Xiao Yan
Published: January 2014

The causes of collapse accident of formwork are analyzed, and the concepts for dynamic computation formula and dynamic coefficient are proposed; the dynamic impact coefficient of two different free falling bodies during safety computation of formwork support without considering or incorporating cross bar, and the countermeasures for safety computation are proposed.
Design of Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System
Authors: Yu Feng Wei , Sun Hong Ying , Cui Xiang Dong
Published: January 2014

In order to avoid maritime accidents resulted from the consciousness decrease of the Officer Of Watch ( OOW) or the OOWs failure to perform duties,a Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System ( BNWAS) based on SIEMENS S7-200 PLC is designed.The system monitors bridge activity and detect operator disability which could lead to marine accidents. If for any reason the OOW becomes incapable of performing the OOWs duties, the system can alert the Master or another qualified OOW automatically by a series of indications and alarms. This system meets the requirements of IMO (International Maritime Organization) and can be used in any kind of ship.
Recheck Calculation of Dahedong Trench-Buried Inverted Siphon Structure
Authors: Tan Min
Published: January 2014

Inverted siphon structure is a common water conveyance buildings, computer as a efficient computational tool is used, this paper adopt finite element method to carry out three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis for Dahedong inverted siphon structure. Deducing variation law of the inverted siphons stress and displacement in construction process and operating process. Analysis results further verified that design scheme is reasonable and safe, it has certain application value.
Experiment Research on Thermal Performance of Foam Concrete Wall
Authors: Chen Dai Guo , Yao Yong , Wang Hai Jun , Zhu Yu Ping , Zou Jiao Li
Published: January 2014

Foam concrete is a new building energy-saving material, which has the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation and fire prevention. The use of foam concrete slab with grooves cast roof or wall as a template can reduce the amount of the construction process, the cost of project and improve the structural thermal insulation properties. By testing the thermal defects and heat transfer performance of outer insulation and self-insulated wall, and analysis 2 kinds of wall’s heat transfer coefficient, thermal inertia indicators and technical and economic characteristics with Building Heat Transfer Theory, obtain : Foam concrete self thermal insulation wall indoor a hot environment, thermal stability and resistance against external temperature fluctuations is stronger; foam concrete self thermal insulation wall have a good heat transfer performance, and have better marketing prospects.
The Effect of the Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Nanometer Pores on the Cement Structure
Authors: Zhou Long , Hou Xu Liang , Wang Zhong Ping
Published: January 2014

The pore structure of cement-based materials is closely related to the freeze-thaw resistance durability. And this paper focused on nanometer pores to verify the connection of freeze-thaw cycles in the nanometer pores with the structure deterioration and to explore the stress in the pore wall during the freeze-thaw process. And BET method was adopted to analyze the pore structure of the cement and results indicated the changing trends of parameters such as the pore volume, average pore size and surface area of specimens. Moreover, pore size distribution presented prominent fluctuations of pore sizes in the range of 0 ~ 20 nm, while the changes on the scale of 20 ~ 100 nm were limited.
On the Tilt of the Kaifeng Iron Pagoda and Rectification Measures
Authors: Li He Qun , Yu Feng Yun
Published: January 2014

Due to the frequent northwest wind, many times of earthquakes and floods, as well as the loose soil and higher underground water level, the famous pagoda has been in the tilt for many years. Rectification measures include foundation stabilization, landing, grouting, drawing out soil, water-injecting, so on. Be sure to make model test before operation.
Finite Element Analysis of Yield Mechanism of Cave-Cutting around RC Frame Joint for “Strong Column and Weak Beam”
Authors: Yan Jie , Yao Yong , Zhang Zhao Qiang , Deng Yong Jun , Hu Peng Fei
Published: January 2014

Under the influence of floor, the reinforced concrete frames have never realized the yield mechanism of strong column and weak beam which is a seismic design principle. To study the influence of realizing such yield mechanism because of floor with opening, its necessary to establish two frame models that one is with common floor and the other is floor with opening around the joints whose size is 600mm×600mm by the ANSYS that is finite element software. Moreover, these models apply the seismic loads and carry out the time history analysis. The results show that the frames stiffness has been weakened after the floor is opened, the peak acceleration reduced and the displacement increased. However, the ductility has been strengthened, which slightly reduce the reaction of the acceleration and displacement. In addition, the appearance of the plastic hinges in the beam are advanced, and the development of their plastic deformation becomes quicker than those of columns, and the plastic hinges in the bottom of the column are delayed. Therefore, the measure of opening the floor can realize the ideal yield mechanism of strong column and weak beam to reach the seismic target that the building cant collapse under the strong shocking.
Factor Analysis Based on System Operation and Strategies of ESCO Financing Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings Project
Authors: Guo Han Ding , Liu Ji Ren , Xu Zhen Yan , Guo Zhen Guo
Published: January 2014

Project financing of ESCO is the key link to conduct EEEB. The more scientific project financing strategies are affected by some inner factors, such as financial situations in a corporation and corporate business objectives, and involved by some external factors, such as project status, marketing character of energy saving service market and constraints by policy and law. From the analysis on reciprocal action between inner and external factors, financing cost, financing risk and income from investment are the three main factors to choose an appropriate financing mode. ESCO can implement project financing by enhancing enterprise competitiveness, improving the market climate and fostering a normative policy and law environment.
A New Method Forecasting Physical and Chemical Properties of the Shale Based on Quantum Neural Network
Authors: Sun Yu Xue , Xiang Yuan Long , Wang Ze Hua , Zheng Li Ming
Published: January 2014

Influence factors of sidewall stability contain mechanical factors and chemical factors. Among them, the chemical factor is the internal cause of the sidewall instability. Based on the collection of the influence factors of physical and chemical properties of the shale, we decided the main factors that influence the stability through the simple correlation analysis and applied a kind of quantum neural network based on the multilayer excitation function. We established the quantum neural network forecast model of shale physical and chemical properties that can effectively improve the network convergence speed and the accuracy of prediction. The quantum neural network prediction model analysis show that human factors interference of this method is small, and the system parameters needed less, wide application, the result is reliable, can effectively reflect the shale physical and chemical properties and fabric characteristics, to provide a reliable basis for preventing sidewall instability.
Orthogonal Study on the Degradation of Aniline Process Parameters by Ultrasonic
Authors: Bi Yong Guang , Huang Min Xia
Published: January 2014

Objective: To optimize the ultrasonic degradation of aniline wastewater process parameters. Methods: ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, pH value, etc. 4 orthogonal factors and determine the optimum process conditions. Results: In the ultrasonic power 320W, ultrasonic time was 60min, ultrasonic temperature is 30 °C, pH value of 4 under the action of ultrasound sonication best, under optimum conditions, aniline degradation rate of 90.08%, and the various factors the impact of the size order of ultrasonic temperature> ultrasonic time> ultrasonic power> solution pH. Conclusion: Ultrasonic degradation of organic matter, is easy to operate, efficient, non-polluting or less polluting characteristics, is a better degradation of aniline wastewater new technology.
Study on CCT Curve and Microstructure Evolution of a Vanadium-Containing Steel Rebar
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhong Zhi Yong , Bai Rui Guo , Zhang Xing Li , Gao Hai , Han Chun Liang , Wang Bao Hua
Published: January 2014

The microstructure evolution and hardness change were studied for a vanadium-containing steel rebar at different cooling rates. The experimental results show that bainite and martensite gradual emerged with the increasing cooling rate and resulted in an increasing micro-hardness. Bainite or ferrite and peartite should gradually disappear when the cooling rate increased to a certain value. The cooling rate should be controlled below 10°C/s to ensure good performances. The CCT curve of HRB400E measured with the inflation method and metallographic-Hardness method could provide the theoretical basis for controlled cooling process.
Orientation Method Simulation in Twin Parallel Horizontal Wells
Authors: Liu Mei Rong , Shi Xiao Feng , Liu Qing Long
Published: January 2014

As traditional measurement while drilling (MWD) method cannot meet the high reliability, high precision requirements for drilling complex structure wells. A guided-orientation method based on rotating magnetic field has prominent advantages on the twin parallel horizontal wells and can apply in twin parallel horizontal wells. In this paper, RMRS, namely Rotating Magnet Ranging system, its operating principle was gave firstly while applied for drilling twin parallel horizontal wells. The rotating magnetic sub was characterized by a pair of orthogonal magnetic dipoles, and then build the model for positioning the twin parallel horizontal wells Finally, the authors used the Maxwell software to simulate the algorithm based on the scene environment, and then proves that algorithm is correct and useful for guiding the well to drill and keeping the twin wells parallel.
Study on the Shear Behaviors of RC Beams after Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Cao Da Fu , Zhou Kai Fu , Zhou Min , Ge Wen Jie , Wang Bi Yuan
Published: January 2014

In order to investigate the shear behaviors of RC beams after freeze-thaw cycles, static shear experiments of 45 RC beams after 0, 75, 100, 125, and 150 freeze-thaw cycles were made. The influences of different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles on the shear behaviors of RC beams with different stirrup spacing were studied. The results show that Freeze-thaw cycle, stirrup spacing of reinforced concrete beam has no significant effect on crack distribution and failure pattern; cracking load and ultimate load of shear beams decrease with the increasing of freeze-thaw cycles.
Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation to the Growth and Photosynthesis of Mulberry in Karst Rocky Desertification Area
Authors: Chen Ke , Shi Song Mei , Yang Xiao Hong , Huang Xian Zhi
Published: January 2014

The photosynthesis effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on mulberry was evaluated in karst rocky desertification area. Three-month-old sterile mulberry saplings were transplanted in karst rocky desertification area and were inoculated withGigaspora rosea. Some growth parameters and photosynthesis indexes were measured to study the physiological responses after inoculating for 1 year. The results showed mulberries that were inoculated with AMF had greater height, larger stem diameter and leaf area, more leaf number per plant, more fibrous root number and biomass of shoots and roots, as well as higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance compared with non-AMF plants. The research results confirmed that AMF markedly enhanced the absorptive ability of root system, promoted the vegetative growth, improved the photosynthetic capacity, and obviously increased mulberry survival rate in karst rocky desertification area. These results provided a theoretical base for the ecological restoration in karst rocky desertification area.
An Improved Structural Human Pose Model
Authors: Wang Wei Hua
Published: January 2014

The human pose model is the key technology of the human-computer interaction and action analysis and understanding. In this paper, an improved structural human pose model is proposed, it integrated the capability of the structural analysis in the picture structural model and the advantage of the free view of the simple staff model, with the attribute of the structure of the model, the capability of the grammar analysis is boosted up, it is the base of the human action analysis and understanding.
T-145 Turbocharger Product Identification and Research Organizations
Authors: Wang Shi Juan
Published: January 2014

T-145 turbocharger for 170 series turbocharged diesel engine supporting one type of supercharger. Product quality system certification involves turbocharger manufacturing quality and use of quality aspects. Production of quality products , including the product design quality , production organization , quality parts , components and standard parts supply , assembly quality. Use quality turbocharger can be achieved in the course of the performance indicators.These indicators are in the laboratory by the engine manufacturer turbocharger performance test data . User Quality is the key to life test booster . On the client problems is to charge by the turbocharger manufacturer . The same is the product acceptable identification of the content . Turbocharger product certification process is the production quality system certification. Also Turbocharger Manufacturing and production certification. Access system in the implementation of the product after the turbocharger manufacturer 's products to meet the requirements of industry management standards , but also meet the requirements of the engine plant . Therefore, a product required after the completion of the trial process through the identification . Used to determine the level of products .
Research on Initial Disturbance Influenced by Adapter Combined with Guide Rail
Authors: Liu Dong , Jiang Yi , Zhang Heng , Yang Zheng Ran
Published: January 2014

Initial disturbance is the chief factor that affects missile launch accuracy and divergence while using orientation devices could reduce it effectively. In this paper, adapter combined with guide rail will be mainly studied. Modeling and simulation for missile systems will be done by virtual prototyping technology, focusing on deflection, pitch angle, and pitch angular velocity and so on to analysis initial disturbance. Results show that by mean of adapter combined with guide rail initial disturbance could be greatly reduced and launch accuracy has been improved.
The Simulation and Analysis of Air Movement and the Mechanism of Fiber into Network
Authors: Wang Hua Qing , Yang Jian Cheng , Yang Kai , Qin Jian Feng , Bai Yu , Hu Shuang Hu , Jiang Xiu Ming
Published: January 2014

Web is the foundation of the nonwoven fabric.In melt-blown technology, web forming quality is directly related to the performance of the nonwoven products.Melt-blown technology is analyzed in this paper the airflow movement of web forming structure and the influence of polymer melt trickle force relations influence on evenness of this network, the last of the key components of receiver to receive the working condition of roller on the dynamic and static mechanics analysis.The experimental results show that the designed receiving roller completely meet the practical work of small melt-blown into mesh machine in the process of maximum loading force, the design is reliable.
Research on an Accident of 500 kV Gas Insulated Transmission Line
Authors: Xiong Hao , Jiang Hao , Zhou Bin , Zhou Gang
Published: January 2014

Gas insulated transmission line (GIL) is increasingly being utilized in the power system because of its advantages, such as large transportation capacity, no insulation ageing, low loss, and low electromagnetic radiation. However, even GIL equipment in operation can go wrong under the influence of various factors. This paper is an in-depth analysis on a 500kV GIL fault resulting in the tripping operation of a substation chief transformer. The causes of the accident are discussed from several aspects, such as insulation defect, design of gas inlet port, and effect of temperature on the water in the GIL. Some suggestions are given for the structure design, manufacture, installation, and operation of GIL.
Study on Failure Frequency of Sensitive Equipment Caused by Voltage Sag
Authors: Cai Wei , He Hui Min , Wang Jian Wei , Suo Juan , Wu Chuan Lai
Published: January 2014

A method calculating the failure frequency of sensitive equipment caused by voltage sag in the monitoring period is proposed. In life and production, destruction of sensitive equipments fault caused by voltage sag is a serious power quality problem. It is a transition process that sensitive equipments fault caused by voltage sag, which is from a safe state to fault state, and it is uncertain whether it is fault in the region of the voltage tolerance curve (VTC), Probability density function is used to characterize failure state caused by voltage sag which happened in the voltage tolerance curve, and using the cumulative method to calculate sensitive equipment fault frequency through the voltage sag characteristic parameters in the period of monitoring time. Using personal computers as experiment equipments, and comparing the outcome with the result calculated by using the ITIC curve, its proved this method is superior and accurate.
Assessment of Power Transformers Technical State Based on Technical Diagnostics
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra I. , Dmitriev Stepan A. , Kokin Sergey E.
Published: January 2014

This paper deals with power transformers technical state assessment based on technical diagnostics using Bayes method. Present a model for integral power transformers technical state assessment on the three types of technical diagnostics. Determining state of power transformers is based on expert judgment using the membership functions.
Characterization of TC-3 Glass/Fused Silica Composites for LTCC Applications
Authors: Miao Xi Geng , Zhang Xian Gao , Fang Xiao Wei , Ghezzo Fabrizia , Zhao Zhi Ya , Liu Ruo Peng
Published: January 2014

A glass powder of the SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-Na2O system was added to fused silica particles to form composite green compacts by tape casting. This procedure was able to lower the sintering temperature of the fused silica particles making the composites suitable for being co-fired with the silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) paste commonly used as a conductive circuit in several microwave applications. The resulting new ceramic composite with the composition of 50 wt% fused silica and 50 wt% glass (brand name: TC-3) had a low dielectric constant and a low loss tangent of 2.7 and 2.5-3.7 x10-3 , respectively, and was able to be co-fired with the Ag-Pd conductive paste at the temperature of 895 °C, resulting in a potential low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) system for microwave applications.
Effect of Partial Pressure of Precursors on Atomic Layer Deposited Zinc Oxide Films as TCO Material in Solar Cell Application
Authors: Sinha Soumyadeep , Sarkar Shaibal K.
Published: January 2014

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) using Diethylzinc and a combination of Water and Ozone as the precursores. Electrical conductivity of ALD grown ZnO films, under low field, were studied with varied partial pressure of the constituent reactants. Supressing the oxygen vacancy by introducing O3 during the reaction increase the resistivity of the films by couple of orders of magnitude. UV-Vis spectroscopy measurement showed the films to be transparent giving a room for its application as a TCO in solar cell.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Molybdenum Oxide for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Nandi Dip K. , Sarkar Shaibal K.
Published: January 2014

This work focuses on synthesis of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) by Atomic layer deposition (ALD) using molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo (CO)6] and ozone. In-situ growth characteresticswerestudied by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). ALD temperature window for this material lies between 165 to 175°C giving a maximum growth rate of 0.45 Å per ALD cycle. Negligible nucleation was found by QCM studyindicating a linear growth of the film. Effect of different oxidants on the growth rate is also studied.As-deposited film is amorphous in nature which converts to monoclinic-MoO3 after annealing as seen by taransmission electron microscopy.
An Advanced Modeling and Control Approach for Frequency Regulation in Electric Energy Systems with New Resources
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhou Yu , Deng Li , Chen Li , Liu Jian
Published: January 2014

This paper concerns the problem of regulating the frequencies of the evolving electric energy systems. The currently implemented frequency regulation approach is found unable to relieve the impact of the increasingly integrated variable sources such as renewable power plants and price responsive loads. Even several key underlying assumptions of this approach are not likely to hold in this situation. In this paper we propose an enhanced frequency regulation approach by differentiating units participating in frequency regulation both with respect to their location and ability to respond. This approach models the governorturbine-generator dynamics of each individual generator and develops a linearized model of the interconnected power system. Moreover, the singular perturbation technique is employed to reduce the unnecessary complexity of the linear system and simplify the control design. An optimal feedback control law is then designed based on the reduced order model via Linear Quadratic Regulator method. Comparative simulations on a 3bus test power system show the improved control performance obtained by the proposed approach.
Distribution Network Reconfiguration Optimization Method for Reducing the Voltage Sag Impact on Important Loads
Authors: Jiang Hui Lan , Wang Ya Wei , Wang Jing Peng , Zhang Zhang
Published: January 2014

This paper puts forward a distribution network reconfiguration method which takes into account voltage sag, and this method takes advantage of genetic algorithm in handling optimization problems and can optimize a superior distribution operation mode which makes the important load sag in the lowest degree besides satisfies the distribution network constraint. IEEE 16 nodes system is cited as an example. The simulation result shows that the distribution network operation mode got by the proposed method ensures the distribution network loss within reasonable limits as well as minimizes voltage sag in the important load node. This approach presented is of both efficient and practical.
Imprecise Risk Assessment of Power System
Authors: Qi Xian Jun , Peng Xiang Tian , Huang Xiang Yu
Published: January 2014

The incomplete probabilistic information can lead to imprecision. The traditional power system risk assessment can only deal with random information, but it cannot deal with the imprecise information. Interval Probability (IP) can reflect both randomness and imprecision. The risk assessment of power system based on IP is an effective method to deal with imprecision and can provide more useful information to the decision-makers. In the paper, the completeness degree of probabilistic information was depicted by IP. The nonlinear optimization models for imprecise risk assessment of generating system and composite generation-transmission system were established. And the genetic algorithm was used to obtain the upper and lower bound of reliability indices. Case study on revised IEEE-RTS79 and IEEE-RBTS system showed the rationality and equity of presented method.
The Optimal Operation of Super High Head Hydropower Station with Multiple Water Supply Modes
Authors: Ma Rong Yong , Lin Jia Li , Song Li , Xie Xiao Chen
Published: January 2014

In order to improve the power generation benefit of the Tianhu Hydropower Station, a optimal operation model of the water supply system of the power station is built to maximize the gross electric energy generated. The model takes into consideration that Tianhu Hydropower Station has multiple water supply modes and is characterized by its super-high water head, and that any small change on flow control may bring great impact on the output of the power station. Based on existing hydrological data and the optimal scheduling model, the optimized results are calculated and made to optimization curves. These optimization curves are used to guide the operation of the hydropower station. Years of actual practices demonstrated that operating Tianhu Hydropower Station under the guidance of the optimal reservoir group operation model presented in this paper has brought in significant economic benefits, with an annual increase in power generation income of more than eight million yuan.
Flow Characteristics around Four Circular Cylinders in Equispaced Arrangement near a Plane Wall
Authors: Wailanduw A.Grummy , Yuwono Triyogi , Widodo Wawan Aries
Published: January 2014

The flow characteristics around four circular cylinders in equispaced arrangement located near a plane wall were investigated experimentally. The pressure distributions on the each cylinder surface and on the plane wall were measured for a spacing ratio L/D= 1.5 (L, center to center spacing between cylinders; D, diameter) and G/D= 0.2 (G, gap spacing between cylinder surface and the plane wall) in a uniform flow at a Reynolds Number of 5.3 x 104. The 2D U-RANS numerical simulation with k-ω SST as viscous model was used to visualize the flow phenomena occured around the cylinders. The results showed that the flow tend to be biased on the upper side of cylinders configuration. It causes the stagnation at the upstream cylinders occured at lower side of cylinders and results a formation of a narrower wake behind the third cylinder and a wider wake behind the fourth cylinder.Keywords: equispaced arrangement, circular cylinders, plane wall
Hydrogen Production from Acetic Acid Steam Reforming over Bimetallic Ni-Co on La2O3 Catalyst-Effect of the Catalyst Dilution
Authors: Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran , Nabgan Walid , Kamaruddin Mohd Johari , Mat Ramli , Johari Anwar , Ahmad Arshad
Published: January 2014

Catalytic steam reforming of acetic acid using bimetallic catalysts of 5 wt.% nickel and 5 wt.% cobalt supported on Lanthanum (III) oxide (La2O3) for hydrogen production was investigated in a micro fixed bed reactor. The reactor was of quartz tube with a 10 mm inside diameter. The effect of catalyst dilution on the reaction was studied. Silicon carbide was used as the dilution material. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C. The complete conversion of acetic acid to product gases has been observed at 550°C and 700°C for diluted and non-diluted catalysts respectively. It shows that catalyst dilution had a profound effect on the conversion of acetic acid at low temperature (550°C) whilst high temperature of 700°C was required for the non-diluted catalyst. The product gas distributions are similar when using both diluted and non-diluted catalysts.
Electrospark Alloying of Carbon Steel with WC-Co-Al2O3: Deposition Technique and Coating Properties
Authors: Radek Norbert , Sladek Augustín , Broncek Jozef , Bilska Izabela , Szczotok Agnieszka
Published: January 2014

The paper is concerned with the performance properties of electrospark deposited coatings. The properties were assessed by analyzing the coating microstructure, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, roughness and bonding strength.The studies were conducted using WC-Co-Al2O3electrodes produced by sintering nanostructural powders. The anti-wear coatings were electro-spark deposited over C45 carbon steel by means of an EIL-8A. These coatings are likely to be applied to increase the abrasive wear resistance of tools and machine parts.
The Centrifugal Pump with the Impeller Supported in Sealing Clearances
Authors: Martsynkovskyy Volodymyr , Korczak Andrzej , Kundera Czeslaw
Published: January 2014

The paper presents the construction of single-staged centrifugal pump with the impeller supported in longitudinal and transversal sealing clearances. In the state of equilibrium the impeller is supported by axial and radial forces and moments of pressure, which occur on both sides of the impeller in annular clearances. In the result the impeller adopts optimal non-contact position in which all the external forces that works on this are in balance. A description of the statics and the dynamics of the impeller has been presented.
Impact of the Strain Rate during Tension Test on 46Cr1 Steel Temperature Change
Authors: Lipski Adam
Published: January 2014

The aim of this paper was to assess influence of the strain rate on the specimen temperature change during monotonic tensile test. Based on the assessment of this change under variable strain rate, it was determined the level of internal specimen energy change. The assessment to extent to which the adiabatic testing conditions were maintained was made based on this results.
Crack Growth Simulation in the Compressor Blade Subjected to Vibration Using Boundary Element Method
Authors: Witek Lucjan
Published: January 2014

This paper presents results of numerical crack propagation analysis of the compressor blades subjected to transverse vibrations. For stress intensity factor calculation in the half-elliptical crack, a dual boundary element method was used. In this analysis the automated remeshing procedure was used for creation of numerical models with a different crack size. Obtained results of numerical calculations were compared to results of experimental investigations performed for PZL-10W engine compressor blades tested in resonance conditions.
Magnetovision Method for Determining the Martensite Phase in the Austenite in Cylindrical and Spherical Objects as a Result of the Cyclic Loads
Authors: Kaleta Jerzy , Mech Rafał , Rikitatt Monika , Wiewiorski Przemyslaw , Wisniewski Wojciech
Published: January 2014

The subject of the study was to investigate the application potential of the magnetovision method for detecting martensitic transformation in solid samples (3D). The main goal of this research was to develop a system for tracking changes on the surface of the material during cyclic loading (fatigue of the material) and visualization of the results. As a part of that work a dedicated software GR2R-Mag was developed. It was designed to support experiments with use of a goniometer adapted for magnetic measurements. Based on the obtained results it was shown that the proposed testing method is useful for determination of the martensite phase in austenite in spherical objects during cyclic loading. By adaptation of the goniometer for magnetic field measurements, it was possible to measure the value of magnetic field around the spherical and cylindrical objects in a polar coordinates.
Comparing the Metal Concentration in the Hair of Cancer Patients and Healthy People Living in the Malwa Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Blaurock-Busch Eleonore , Busch Yvette M. , Friedle Albrecht , Buerner Holger , Parkash Chander , Kaur Anudeep
Published: January 2014

The cancer prevalence in the Malwa region of Punjab (1089/million/year) is much higher than the national average cancer prevalence in India (800/million/year). The participants in the present study were 50 healthy individuals and 49 cancer patients all living in the Malwa region of Punjab, with the healthy people being selected from the same household as the cancer patients. High concentrations of several potentially toxic elements were found in hair samples from people living in Punjab. Compared to standard reference ranges, the metals in excess in both the control and patient groups were aluminium (Al), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr) and uranium (U). The most significant findings were high lead (Pb), U and Ba concentrations. The maximum values for Ba, Mn, Pb and U were found in hair from breast cancer patients. The mean concentration of U in hair from the breast cancer patients was 0.63 μg U/g, which is more than double the value found in the control group and over six times higher than the reference range of 0.1 μg U/g. Water, soil, and phosphate fertilizers all seem to play a potential role, causing an increased metal burden in Punjabi people living in the Malwa region. The present study indicates that metals, and especially U, may be a factor in the development of breast cancer among Punjabi women.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Nickel(II) Compounds with 4,4´- Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Yu Xiao-Ke , Zhai Xiang-Sheng , Zheng Yue-Qing , Zhu Hong-Lin
Published: January 2014

Hydrothermal reactions of 4,4´-bipyridine, benzoic acid/p-methylbenzoic acid, Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O and NH4OH yielded [Ni(bpy)1.5(H2O)2(BA)2]·H2O (1) and [Ni(bpy)(HMBA)(MBA)2]n (2) (bpy = 4,4´-bipyridine, HBA = benzoic acid, HMBA = p-methylbenzoic acid). The Ni(II) ions of compound 1 are six-coordinated and bridged by 4,4´-bipyridine ligands to form a binuclear structure while complex 2 features polymeric chains which are connected by 4,4´-bipyridine molecules. Variabletemperature magnetic susceptibility measurements from 300 to 30 K showed the presence of weak ferromagnetic interactions between the Ni(II) (S = 1) ions via the 4,4´-bipyridine bridges.
Periodismo y audiencias: inquietudes sobre los contenidos generados por los usuarios
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (España), Meso Ayerdi Koldobika
Published: January 2014

Durante los últimos años, hemos sido testigos de un incremento en los espacios destinados a los contenidos elaborados por las audiencias en los medios de comunicación y de una creciente integración de estos contenidos en espacios que habían sido hasta ahora reservado a los profesionales. Ello ha despertado el interés de los investigadores, y hoy en día son abundantes, entre otros, los estudios sobre la presencia de mecanismos de participación en los medios de comunicación en línea, la actitud de los periodistas hacia la participación de los usuarios, el análisis de la calidad de la participación de la audiencia y su contribución al desarrollo de una esfera pública más enriquecedora. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar una revisión del estado del arte de la investigación en periodismo participativo. El estudio se centra en el análisis de las principales aproximaciones producidas en esta área. La revisión de la literatura permite observar la evolución en los enfoques utilizados en las investigaciones a los largo de los últimos quince años.
Estandarización de organigramas y modelamiento del proceso de producción audiovisual: una propuesta basada en la toma de decisiones
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Soto Alvarado José Antonio
Published: January 2014

En un contexto de creciente exigencia en cuanto a la sistematización de los procesos de producción audiovisual, este artículo propone un modelo de organigrama basado en la toma de decisiones, junto a un modelamiento del proceso de producción de una obra audiovisual. Una de las principales características de la propuesta es la simplificación del organigrama a un máximo de cuatro niveles de autonomía de toma de decisión, junto con la representación gráfica del flujo de trabajo de una obra audiovisual mediante el método de modelamiento de procesos, hasta ahora utilizado principalmente en el ámbito de la ingeniería.
Ética, fotoperiodismo e infancia: Imagen del conflicto palestino-israelí en España
Authors:   Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe (España), Maciá-Barber Carlos
Published: January 2014

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar las características específicas del tratamiento fotoperiodístico de la prensa española de información general en la cobertura del conflicto palestino-israelí cuando aparecen niños o adolescentes. Para precisar esos rasgos se analizaron –mediante 29 variables– todas las fotografías de esa naturaleza publicadas durante 2010 (n=26) en seis de los diarios españoles más relevantes, tanto generalistas (El País, El Mundo, Abc, La Vanguardia) como gratuitos (Qué! y 20 minutos), que abarcaban el 56,65% del universo de lectores. Para los reporteros gráficos, la niñez se convierte en un intencionado icono como víctima-testigo de la violencia en el imaginario del conflicto entre israelíes y palestinos. Las instantáneas, que distribuyen por lo general agencias de información internacionales, homogeneízan la visión del enfrentamiento, vulneran en su mayoría el derecho a la imagen de niños y jóvenes, y transgreden con frecuencia principios asentados de la deontología profesional.
El lugar de la Ética en la formación del periodista. Un estudio de la situación en la Unión Europea
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño (España), Díaz del Campo Lozano Jesús
Published: January 2014

¿Qué lugar deberían ocupar la Ética y la Deontología en el plan de estudios del futuro profesional del Periodismo? En este artículo se analizan las respuestas más comunes dadas a esta cuestión por la literatura. Además, se revisan los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en catorce países de la Unión Europea (Alemania, Austria, Bélgica, Dinamarca, España, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Países Bajos, Portugal, Reino Unido y Suecia) y las respuestas dadas por cincuenta profesores de la asignatura a un cuestionario en el que, entre otras cosas, se les consultó sobre el lugar que debe ocupar la Ética en los currículos de Periodismo.
La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en las radio-televisiones públicas de Europa
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España), Fernández Lombao Tania , Campos Freire Francisco ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España)
Published: January 2014

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) es el compromiso voluntario de conducta responsable y evaluable de una empresa, más allá de lo establecido por las leyes, para satisfacer las expectativas de los grupos de interés con los que interactúa. Este modelo de gestión nació para solucionar los problemas de reputación y credibilidad de las empresas privadas, si bien recientemente fue asumido por organizaciones de titularidad pública con el mismo objetivo. El concepto se extendió con rapidez, pero todavía no existe consenso en los organismos internacionales sobre una normalización de su práctica y reconocimiento, ni normativas estatales que lo regulen. En la Unión Europea, las corporaciones de radiotelevisión pública estatales de Alemania, Irlanda y Reino Unido comunican desde hace al menos dos años sus acciones de RSC, aunque sin seguir normativas estandarizadas internacionales o estatales. Tal tendencia va camino de consolidarse, puesto que otras seis corporaciones radiodifusoras públicas han dado los primeros pasos para la implantación de esta filosofía.
Temporal and spatial evolution of wave‐induced ripple geometry: Regular versus irregular ripples
Authors: Nelson Timothy Robert , Voulgaris George
Published: January 2014

Concurrent observations of inner shelf near bed hydrodynamics and acoustic imagery of the seabed are used to relate wave‐induced ripple geometry (wavelength and orientation) to near bed directional wave velocities. The observations were collected on the continental shelf of the South Atlantic Bight at water depths of 9.5 and 30 m off the coasts of South Carolina (median size 177 µm) and Georgia (388 µm), respectively. 2‐D spectral analysis techniques are performed on the imagery to automate detection of ripple wavelength, orientation, and irregularity. Our analysis shows that ripple irregularity is a time‐dependent process dependent on magnitude, direction, and duration of wave forcing. During energetic events, ripple geometry changes rapidly and the ripples align with the main wave direction. During periods of low energy, close to the critical conditions for initiation of sediment motion, ripple evolution occurs at a much slower rate often leading to irregularities such as terminations and bifurcations along the ripple crest. Under constantly changing wave direction, the rippled bed becomes highly disorganized. Six types of ripples are defined based on newly developed irregularity parameters: linear, bifurcating‐linear, linear‐bifurcating, bifurcating and cross, irregular, and disorganized beds. Ripple irregularity depends on the time history of the bed; ripples remain irregular until their wavelength and orientation attain a nearly equilibrium geometry. The observations collected provide significant information on the response of the seabed to wave forcing and identify processes that should be reproduced by any time‐dependent ripple prediction model. Ripple irregularity can only be predicted using such time‐dependent models.
Infrared Detection of Criegee Intermediates Formed during the Ozonolysis of β‐Pinene and Their Reactivity towards Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Ahrens Jennifer , Carlsson Philip T. M. , Hertl Nils , Olzmann Matthias , Pfeifle Mark , Wolf J. Lennard , Zeuch Thomas
Published: January 2014

Recently, direct kinetic experiments have shown that the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide by reaction with stabilized Criegee intermediates (CIs) is an important source of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. So far, only small CIs, generated in photolysis experiments, have been directly detected. Herein, it is shown that large, stabilized CIs can be detected in the gas phase by FTIR spectroscopy during the ozonolysis of β‐pinene. Their transient absorption bands between 930 and 830 cm−1 appear only in the initial phase of the ozonolysis reaction when the scavenging of stabilized CIs by the reaction products is slow. The large CIs react with sulfur dioxide to give sulfur trioxide and nopinone with a yield exceeding 80 %. Reactant consumption and product formation in time‐resolved β‐pinene ozonolysis experiments in the presence of sulfur dioxide have been kinetically modeled. The results suggest a fast reaction of sulfur dioxide with CIs arising from β‐pinene ozonolysis.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, a Novel Proinflammatory Mediator in Rheumatoid Arthritis That Potently Activates CD1c+ Myeloid Dendritic Cells to Attract and Stimulate T Cells
Authors: Moret Frederique M. , Hack Cornelis E. , van der Wurff‐Jacobs Kim M. G. , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , van Roon Joel A. G.
Published: January 2014

Objective

To determine the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the numbers of TSLP receptor (TSLPR)–expressing CD1c+ (blood dendritic cell antigen 1–positive) myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs) in the joints as compared with the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as to determine the capacity of TSLP to induce MDC‐dependent T cell activation.

Methods

TSLP levels were measured in synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with RA and those with osteoarthritis (OA). MDC numbers in PB and SF samples from RA patients and TSLPR expression on these cells were assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis. PB and SF MDCs from RA patients were stimulated with TSLP, and cytokine production was measured by multiplex immunoassay. TSLP‐primed MDCs were cocultured with autologous CD4+ T cells in the absence of additional stimuli, and subsequently, cell proliferation and cytokine production were measured.

Results

TSLP levels were significantly increased in SF samples from RA versus OA patients. The numbers of TSLPR‐expressing MDCs in the SF of RA patients were significantly increased as compared to those in the PB, and SF MDCs displayed increased levels of TSLPR. TSLP selectively stimulated the production of thymus and activation–regulated chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α by CD1c+ MDCs. TSLP‐primed MDCs from PB and SF potently stimulated the proliferation of autologous CD4+ T cells as compared to unstimulated MDCs. Enhanced proliferation was associated with increased production of interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and IL‐4.

Conclusion

These data support an inflammatory mechanism by which increased intraarticular TSLP in RA potently activates TSLPR‐expressing CD1c+ MDCs in the joints to secrete chemokines, causing chemotaxis and subsequent activation of CD4+ T cells. In addition to the demonstrated inflammatory potential of TSLP in experimental arthritis, this suggests that TSLP and TSLPR‐expressing MDCs could both play a pivotal role in the immunopathology of RA.