bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Studies on DNA Triple Helix Formed by Intronic GAA Triplet Repeat Expansion in Friedreich′s Ataxia
Authors: Kain Aklank , Ahmad Faizan , Rajeswari Moganty R.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Biochemical Significance of Parallel DNA Duplexes
Authors: Buck H. M.
Published: July 2005

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Thermodynamics of 7‐Methylguanosine Cation Stacking with Tryptophan Upon mRNA 5′ Cap Binding to Translation Factor eIF4E
Authors: Niedzwiecka Anna , Stepinski Janusz , Balaspiri Lajos , Darzynkiewicz Edward , Stolarski Ryszard
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Total Synthesis of an Aurone Isolated from Uvaria hamiltonii: Aurones and Flavones as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Lawrence Nicholas J. , Rennison David , McGown Alan T. , Hadfield John A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selenium‐Promoted Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Reactions and Mechanisms
Authors: Mlochowski Jacek , Brzaszcz Monika , Giurg Miroslaw , Palus Jerzy , Wojtowicz Halina
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Involvement of Phospholipase A2 in the Supply of Fatty Acids Required for Cholesterol Esterification Associated with Uptake of Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein in Macrophages
Authors: Akiba Satoshi
Published: July 2005

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Conjugates of Porphyrins with Carbohydrates
Authors: Aksenova A. A. , Sebyakin Yu. L. , Mironov A. F.
Published: July 2005

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The Diversity Observed in Manganese(III)‐Schiff Base Complexes: Models for a Variety of Biological Systems
Authors: Bermejo Manuel R. , Garcia‐Deibe Ana M. , Gonzalez Ana M. , Hoyos Olga L. , Maneiro Marcelino , Rey Manuel
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Discotic Molecules: Expression and Amplification of Chirality
Authors: Brunsveld L. , Meijer E. W. , Rowan A. E. , Nolte R. J. M.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Short‐Range and Long‐Range Magnetic Ordering in SrCuP2O7 and PbCuP2O7.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Azuma Masaki , Takano Mikio
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrocatalytic Properties of Thin Mesoporous Platinum Films Synthesized Utilizing Potential‐Controlled Surfactant Assembly.
Authors: Choi Kyoung‐Shin , McFarland Eric W. , Stucky Galen D.
Published: July 2005

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Magnetic Property Studies of Manganese—Phosphate Complexes.
Authors: Sharma C. V. Krishnamohan , Chusuei Charles C. , Clerac Rodolphe , Moeller Teresia , Dunbar Kim R. , Clearfield Abraham
Published: July 2005

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A ROMP‐Derived, Polymer‐Supported Chiral Schrock Catalyst for Enantioselective Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Kroell Roswitha M. , Schuler Norbert , Lubbad Said , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Carbonyl Differentiation in the Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Tetraallyltin. Applications to Parallel Recognition and Shotgun Process.
Authors: Nagano Yoshifumi , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo
Published: July 2005

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Cycloaddition of Thiophene S‐Oxides to Allenes, Alkynes and to Benzyne.
Authors: Thiemann Thies , Fujii Hideki , Ohira Daisuke , Arima Kazuya , Li Yuanqiang , Mataka Shuntaro
Published: July 2005

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Reactions of 5,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐polyfluoroalkyl‐8‐azachromones with N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Barabanov M. A. , Usachev B. I.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydroperoxide Oxidation of Benzylamines Catalyzed by Selenium Compounds.
Authors: Brzaszcz M. , Kloc K. , Mlochowski J.
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Hydroxy Ketones Derived from Enol Ethers via Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation. A Study in the Correlation of the Enol Ether Chain Length and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Marcune Benjamin F. , Karady Sandor , Reider Paul J. , Miller Ross A. , Biba Mirlinda , DiMichele Lisa , Reamer Robert A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Tosylates and Bromides with Grignard Reagents in the Presence of 1,3‐Butadiene.
Authors: Terao Jun , Naitoh Yoshitaka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Naphthylmethyl (NAP) as a Versatile Amino Protecting Group, Chemoselective Removal under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Godin Guillaume , Compain Philippe , Martin Olivier R.
Published: July 2005

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Polyfluoroalkylthiotrifluoroacetylketenes.
Authors: Serdyuk R. N. , Sizov A. Yu. , Ermolov A. F.
Published: July 2005

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A Novel and Highly Efficient Two‐Carbon Ring Expansion.
Authors: Rueedi Georg , Nagel Matthias , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Thiolation of 1,3‐Difluoro‐2,4,6‐trihaloanilines and Benzenes.
Authors: Manka Jason T. , Kaszynski Piotr
Published: July 2005

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Selective and Efficient Heterogeneous Hydration of Nitriles to Amides Using Silica Supported Manganese Dioxide.
Authors: Khadilkar Bhushan M. , Madyar Virendra R.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Remote Kinetic Resolution of Quaternary Carbon‐Containing Alcohols and Determination of Their Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Im Dai Sig , Cheong Chan Seong , Lee So Ha
Published: July 2005

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Efficient and Clean Aldol Condensation Catalyzed by Sodium Carbonate in Water.
Authors: Zhang Ze , Dong Ya‐Wei , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐(Diarylmethylene)‐3‐benzofuranones Promoted via Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Aryl Iodides with 3‐Aryl‐1‐(2‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐ones.
Authors: Lin Chi‐Fong , Lu Wen‐Der , Wang I‐Wen , Wu Ming‐Jung
Published: July 2005

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Ultrasound‐Accelerated Michael Addition of Indole to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).
Authors: Ji Shun‐Jun , Wang Shun‐Yi
Published: July 2005

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Variations of Acidic Functions at Position 2 and Substituents at Positions 4, 5 and 6 of the Indole Moiety and Their Effect on NMDA‐Glycine Site Affinity.
Authors: Jansen Michaela , Dannhardt Gerd
Published: July 2005

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Domino Condensation/Aza‐Michael/O→N Acyl Migration of Carbodiimides with Activated α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids to Form Hydantoins.
Authors: Volonterio Alessandro , Zanda Matteo
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Some Functionalized Arylaminomethyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles, 1,3,4‐Oxa and Thiadiazoles.
Authors: Abdel‐Aal M. T. , El‐Sayed W. A. , Abdel Aleem A. H. , El Ashry E. S. H.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure and Biological Activities of α‐Phenoxy‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoleacetamide.
Authors: Zhao Wei Guang , Li Zheng Ming , Yang Zhao
Published: July 2005

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Design and Synthesis of Orally Active Inhibitors of TNF Synthesis as anti‐Rheumatoid Arthritis Drugs.
Authors: Chen Jian Jeffrey , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

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SAR of 3,4‐Dihydropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidone p38 Inhibitors.
Authors: Liu Luping , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Active Against Multiple PI‐Resistant Viral Strains: Coadministration with Indinavir.
Authors: Duffy Joseph L. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Enantioselective Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation of Prochiral Perhydro‐pyranones with Recombinant E. coli Producing Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase.
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Rudroff Florian , Kandioller Wolfgang , Groetzl Birgit , Stanetty Peter , Spreitzer Helmut
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen Through Lithiated Phosphine Borane Complexes and N‐Phosphorylphosphazenes.
Authors: Andujar Sanchez Carmen M. , Iglesias Ma. Jose , Perez Alvarez Isidro J. , Lopez Ortiz Fernando
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Cyclization via Memory of Chirality: A Concise Access to Cyclic Amino Acids with a Quaternary Stereocenter.
Authors: Kawabata Takeo , Kawakami Shimpei , Majumdar Swapan
Published: July 2005

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Two Novel Alkaloids with a Unique Fused Hexacyclic Skeleton from Daphniphyllum subverticillatum.
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Ping , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Suppression of Exonucleolytic Degradation of Double‐Stranded DNA and Inhibition of Exonuclease III by PNA
Authors: Slaitas A. , Ander C. , Foeldes‐Papp Z. , Rigler R. , Yeheskiely E.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antisense Knockdown of PKC‐α Using LNA Oligos
Authors: Hansen Jens Bo , Westergaard Majken , Thrue Charlotte Albaek , Giwercman Birgit , Oerum Henrik
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Covalent Coupling of a PIM‐1 Oncogene Targeted PNA with an Antennapedia Derived Peptide
Authors: Bertrand J.‐R. , Sumbatyan N. , Malvy C.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2′‐O,4′‐C‐Ethylene‐Bridged Nucleic Acid (ENA) for Effective Antisense Formation
Authors: Morita Koji , Yamate Koji , Kurakata Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Kenji , Imanishi Takeshi , Koizumi Makoto
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereomeric Process Control in the Synthesis of 2′‐O‐(2‐Methoxyethyl) Oligoribonucleotide Phosphorothioates as Antisense Drugs
Authors: Ravikumar Vasulinga T. , Cole Douglas L.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2′‐Deuterio and 3′‐Deuterio Cytidine 5′‐Diphosphate
Authors: Sandbrink Jessica , Stroemberg Roger
Published: July 2005

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Determination of RNA Tertiary Structure by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR)
Authors: Piton Nelly , Engels Joachim W.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy‐β‐D‐ribose 1‐Phosphate, NMR Comparison and Its Enzymatic Activity for Structural Elucidation of Synthetic α‐Isomer
Authors: Komatsu Hironori , Ikeda Ichirou
Published: July 2005

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Crystal Structure of Calf Spleen Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase in a Complex with Multisubstrate Analogue Inhibitor with 2,6‐Diaminopurine Aglycone
Authors: Koellner Gertraud , Stroh Albrecht , Raszewski Grzegorz , Holy Antonin , Bzowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Geldanamycin (I) and (‐)‐o‐Quinogeldanamycin (II): Asymmetric Glycolate Aldol Reactions and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Andrus Merritt B. , Meredith Erik L. , Hicken Erik J. , Simmons Bryon L. , Glancey Russell R. , Ma Wei
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Formal Total Synthesis of the Salicylihalamides
Authors: Herb Christian , Maier Martin E.
Published: July 2005

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Deposition Techniques for Magnetic Thin Films and Multilayers
Authors: Keavney David , Falco Charles
Published: July 2005

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Chiral Tetraaza Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis: Recent Progress
Authors: Hechavarria Fonseca Maria , Koenig Burkhard
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Substrates for Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Arenes
Authors: Zapf Alexander
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Chemistry of Isocyanides, Their Multicomponent Reactions and Their Libraries
Authors: Ugi L. , Werner B. , Doemling A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Boranes and Metallaboranes with Phosphines
Authors: Barton Lawrence , Volkov Oleg , Hata Mitsuhiro , McQuade Paul , Rath Nigam P.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arylstannanes
Authors: Crisp G. T.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ABT‐492: Quinolone Antibacterial
Authors: Mealy N. E. , Castaner J.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Prion Diseases: From Molecular Biology to Intervention Strategies.
Authors: Nunziante Max , Gilch Sabine , Schaetzl Hermann M.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sticky Proteins for Stem Cells.
Authors: Kolter Thomas
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Qualitative und quantitative Analyse eines Supraleiters – Experiment für die Chemieolympiade in Kiel
Authors: Näther Christian , Nick Sabine
Published: July 2005

Im Juli 2004 fand zum 36. Mal die Internationale Chemieolympiade statt. 236 der besten Schülerinnen und Schüler aus 61 Ländern kämpften um Medaillen. Begleitet wurden diese von mindestens einem Mentor aus jedem Land. Im Verlauf der Olympiade mussten die Schüler neben einer theoretischen auch eine praktische Klausur absolvieren, die aus zwei Aufgaben bestand [1]. Die organische Aufgabe, die von Frau Dr. Patzke und Herrn Prof. Dr. Bader aus Frankfurt entwickelt wurde, beinhaltete die Spaltung des Polycarbonates Makrolon zu Bisphenol A sowie dessen Derivatisierung mit Natriumchloracetat. In der zweiten Aufgabe, die von den Autoren dieses Beitrages entwickelt wurde, mussten die Schüler eine qualitative und quantitative Analyse eines Supraleiters durchführen [2]. Neben der Aufgabe für den eigentlichen Wettbewerb mussten auch Vorbereitungsaufgaben erstellt werden, welche in Zusammenhang zur Olympiaaufgabe stehen und in den einzelnen Ländern zuvor geübt werden konnten. Im diesem Beitrag berichten wir über die Entwicklung und Hintergründe unserer Aufgabe für die praktische Klausur. Ein Experiment, welches recht einfach durchgeführt werden kann und auch einiges an „Chemie”︁ in sich birgt.
Comparison between HOMA‐IR and ISI‐gly in detecting subjects with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Carnevale Schianca Gian Piero , Sainaghi Pier Paolo , Castello Luigi , Rapetti Rachele , Limoncini Anna Maria , Bartoli Ettore
Published: July 2005

Background

To verify whether, as index of insulin resistance, ISI‐gly (insulin sensitivity index) is more efficient than HOMA‐IR (homeostatic model assessment) or QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) in detecting patients with the metabolic syndrome.

Methods

Excluding patients with known diabetes, endocrine, liver and kidney diseases, we enrolled 553 subjects who were screened for metabolic abnormalities. After 5 days of a balanced weight maintenance diet, we performed an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) and measured fasting and 2‐h postload blood sugar and insulin, from which we calculated ISI‐gly, HOMA‐IR and QUICKI, stratifying patients in tertiles. Statistical comparisons were performed for a number of metabolic variables between tertiles of the same index, as well as between tertiles of different indexes presumably expressing identical insulin resistance.

Results

All variables reflecting the metabolic syndrome were significantly more altered in the top as compared to the intermediate and the lowest tertile for HOMA‐IR, the opposite for ISI‐gly. Comparing homologous measurements of the top tertile of HOMA‐IR with the lowest tertile of ISI‐gly (presumably expressing identical insulin resistance), fasting glucose and insulin were significantly higher, while 2‐h OGTT values were significantly lower. The opposite occurred comparing the lowest HOMA‐IR to the highest ISI‐gly tertile, the diagnostic predictive values of the latter in detecting metabolic derangements being also higher. Data from QUICKI 1st to 3rd tertiles exactly matched those obtained from HOMA‐IR 3rd to 1st tertile.

Conclusions

ISI‐gly, which includes postload glucose and insulin concentrations, provides a more accurate estimate of whole‐body insulin sensitivity than HOMA‐IR or QUICKI, derived from fasting measurements only, thus constituting a more sensitive tool for screening and preventing metabolic abnormalities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplicated members of the Groucho/Tle gene family in fish
Authors: Aghaallaei Narges , Bajoghli Baubak , Walter Ingrid , Czerny Thomas
Published: July 2005

The highly conserved Groucho/Tle gene family has widespread functions during embryonic development and in adults. For mammalians, four full‐length Tle paralogues are known, whereas the whole spectrum of this gene family in fish species has not been analysed yet. Most detailed data exist for medaka, where 3 Tle genes have been described, Tle1, Tle3, and Tle4. We now isolated 3 additional Tle genes from the medaka genome. Sequence analysis identifies these genes as Tle2a, Tle2b, and Tle3b. Database searches of genomic sequences revealed an identical set of Tle paralogues being present in distantly related fish species, indicating duplicated Tle2 and Tle3 genes for the complete teleost lineage. Like the previously analysed medaka Tle genes, the three new genes show a broad expression pattern during embryogenesis. Nevertheless, a detailed comparison of all six Tle genes reveals critical differences in certain aspects of their expression pattern. In particular, we concentrated on the activity of Tle genes during ear development and found Tle2a and Tle2b expressed in this sensory organ. Developmental Dynamics 234:143–150, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neptune is involved in posterior axis and tail formation in Xenopus embryogenesis
Authors: Takeda Masatoshi , Kurauchi Takayuki , Yamazaki Takeshi , Izutsu Yumi , Maéno Mitsugu
Published: July 2005

In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the posterior axis and tail formation in embryogenesis, the function of Neptune, a zinc‐finger transcription factor, in Xenopus laevis embryos was investigated. Injection of neptune mRNA into the animal pole area of embryos resulted in the formation of an additional tail structure that included a neural tube and muscle tissue. This activity required FGF signaling since coinjection of a dominant‐negative FGF receptor RNA (XFD) completely blocked the formation of a tail structure. A loss‐of‐function experiment using a fusion construct of neptune and Drosophila engrailed (en‐neptune) RNA showed that endogenous Neptune is necessary for formation of the posterior trunk and tail. Furthermore, activity of Neptune was necessary for the endogenous expression of brachyury and fgf‐8 at the late gastrula stage. These findings demonstrate a novel function of Neptune in the process of anterior‐posterior axis formation through the FGF and brachyury signaling cascades. An experiment using a combination explant with ventral and dorsal marginal tissues showed that cooperation of these two distinct tissues is important for the tail formation and that expression of Neptune in prospective ventral cells may be involved in the activation of the process of tail formation. Developmental Dynamics 234:63–73, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymatic sensitivity enhancement of biogenic monoamines on a chip
Authors: Vlčková Markéta , Schwarz Maria A.
Published: July 2005

Detection of biogenic monoamines in nanomolar concentrations is of great importance for probing the brain chemistry and for their analytics in biological fluids. The sensitivity enhancement of amperometric detection of neurotransmitters (NTs) and their metabolites after their electrophoretic separation on a microchip is presented and is based on coupled enzymatic reactions. The current response of the analyte is amplified by cyclic oxidation on a gold electrode mediated by reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide coenzyme and glucose oxidase enzyme present in the electrophoresis buffer. Using this approach, detection limits of about 10 nM for NTs and their metabolites can be reached.
Editorial: Electrophoresis 14/2005
Authors: Rizzi Andreas , Oefner Peter
Published: July 2005

No abstracts.
Dynamics of Invertebrate Benthic Communities and Drift in a Regulated River of Central Spain
Authors: Boyero Luz , Valladolid María , Arauzo Mercedes
Published: July 2005

We document invertebrate benthic and drift dynamics in a regulated river in central Spain at two temporal scales: seasonal (for both benthos and drift) and daily (for drift). The benthic abundance of individuals and taxon richness generally increased in the summer. Drift abundance showed no seasonal or daily variation, but taxon richness of drifting individuals was higher in the spring. Both ben‐thos and drift showed clear seasonal changes in taxonomic composition. Interestingly, some benthic taxa showed their highest abundances in the spring, while others were more abundant in the summer. In contrast, most drifting taxa were more abundant in the spring. Different functional feeding groups showed different patterns of variation throughout the year, both in the benthos and the drift. Daily variations in drift were present in very few taxa and functional feeding groups, and only in some seasons. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a Fish Based Lake Typology for Natural Austrian Lakes >50 ha Based on the Reconstructed Historical Fish Communities
Authors: Gassner Hubert , Wanzenböck Josef , Zick Daniela , Tischler Gerhard , Pamminger‐Lahnsteiner Barbara
Published: July 2005

Based on the reconstructed native fish communities all natural Austrian lakes >50 ha (n = 43) were classified into four groups using cluster analysis methods. Sentinel species (i.e. species with highest discriminating value for lake types and characteristic for a specific lake group) and type specific fish species (accompanying species with additional value for characterising lake groups) were defined by a newly developed index and by similarity analysis. The first group included 16 lakes of high altitude, small surface area and low fish species number with arctic char as a sentinel species. The second group (n = 10) was characterized by intermediate altitude, large surface area and high maximum water depth with the minnow as sentinel species. The third group contained 14 lakes with low maximum water depths and a long retention time. For this group the bleak was found as a sentinel species. The lakes of the eastern part of Austria represented the last group (n = 3) and were characterized by low altitude and very shallow water depth with pike‐perch as a sentinel species. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐term evaluation of porous poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) as a bone‐filling material
Authors: Holmbom Johanna , Södergård Anders , Ekholm Erika , Märtson Matis , Kuusilehto Asko , Saukko Pekka , Penttinen Risto
Published: July 2005

Porous poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) (P(CL‐co‐LA, wt % ca. 5/95) sponges were prepared, coated biomimetically with CaP/apatite, and implanted with noncoated control sponges into rat femur cortical defects and dorsal subcutaneous space. The implants were inspected histologically at 2, 4, and 33 weeks after the operation. All implants were filled with fibrovascular tissue within 4 weeks. The femur implants were partially ossified with compact bone, which in the CaP‐coated sponges was less mature and more fragmented. Approximately equal amounts of bone were observed in both types of implants. The polymer induced a mild inflammatory reaction with foreign body giant cells but no accumulation of fluid. Degradation of the polymer was slow; most of it was found intact at 33 weeks in histological samples. Nondegraded polymer seems to prevent complete ossification. Cultured osteoblasts proliferated well on apatite‐coated material, whereas only a few cells were seen on noncoated material. Thus CaP/apatite coating helped the attachment of osteoblasts in cell cultures but did not offer any advantage in bone formation over noncoated material in vivo. We conclude that a shorter degradation time of P(CL‐co‐LA) is needed to create an optimal implant. Furthermore, in vivo experiments seem to be necessary for the estimation of osteopromotive properties of a biomaterial. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Laboratory‐ and pilot plant‐scale study on the dehydration of cyclohexane by pervaporation
Authors: Ortiz Inmaculada , Urtiaga Ane , Ibáñez Raquel , Gómez Pedro , Gorri Daniel
Published: July 2005

In this work, pervaporation is applied for the dehydration of industrial cyclohexane, used as a solvent and reaction medium in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers. Working with initial concentrations of water in cyclohexane within the range of 0.090–0.110 kg m−3, an experimental study was performed (i) in the laboratory, using a radial cell with a membrane area of 0.0178 m2; and (ii) in a pilot plant located at the industrial site, with a plate‐and‐frame membrane module and a total membrane area of 3 m2. In both cases, the same pervaporation membrane, with a preferential flux of water, was used. The mass transfer coefficient was determined, together with its dependence on the hydrodynamic regime. The higher hydraulic resistance of the plate‐and‐frame module generated a pressure decrease that limited the feed velocity, thus increasing the mass transfer resistance of the pervaporation process in comparison with the bench‐scale system. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel binary adenovirus‐based dual‐regulated expression system for independent transcription control of two different transgenes
Authors: Gonzalez‐Nicolini Valeria , Fussenegger Martin
Published: July 2005

Background

Stringent multitransgene control is a prerequisite for future gene‐therapy and tissue‐engineering scenarios and requires constant improvements in design to achieve optimal conditional transcription profiles.

Methods

We have pioneered a variety of recombinant adenoviruses which (i) enable streptogramin‐responsive transgene transduction in a compact autoregulated one‐virus format, (ii) manage independent streptogramin‐ and tetracycline‐responsive control of two different transgenes from a single divergent expression unit, and (iii) control sense and antisense expression of the human cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 to engineer conditional positive (enforced S‐phase entry, p27Kip1‐antisense expression) or negative (G1‐phase‐specific growth arrest, p27Kip1‐sense expression) growth control in mammalian cell lines and human primary cells.

Results

The transgene control performance of all adenoviral expression configurations has been rigorously optimized for tight, balanced and maximum expression levels and was validated for intracellular as well as for secreted product in a variety of biotechnologically relevant cell lines (Chinese hamster ovary cells [CHO‐K1], baby hamster kidney cells [BHK‐21]) as well as in human cell lines (human fibrosarcoma cells [HT‐1080]) and primary cells (human aortic fibroblasts [HAFs]).

Conclusions

We believe that multiregulated multigene‐controlled adenoviruses are important assets for successful therapeutic reprogramming of mammalian cells in clinically relevant scenarios. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proteomic study of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project's pilot samples using an accurate mass and time tag strategy
Authors: Adkins Joshua N. , Monroe Matthew E. , Auberry Kenneth J. , Shen Yufeng , Jacobs Jon M. , Camp David G. , Vitzthum Frank , Rodland Karin D. , Zangar Richard C. , Smith Richard D. , Pounds Joel G.
Published: July 2005

Characterization of the human blood plasma proteome is critical to the discovery of routinely useful clinical biomarkers. We used an accurate mass and time (AMT) tag strategy with high‐resolution mass accuracy cLC‐FT‐ICR MS to perform a global proteomic analysis of pilot study samples as part of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project. HUPO reference serum and citrated plasma samples from African Americans, Asian Americans, and Caucasian Americans were analyzed, in addition to a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory reference serum and plasma. The AMT tag strategy allowed us to leverage two previously published “shotgun” proteomics experiments to perform global analyses on these samples in triplicate in less than 4 days total analysis time. A total of 722 (22% with multiple peptide identifications) International Protein Index redundant proteins, or 377 protein families by ProteinProphet, were identified over the six individual HUPO serum and plasma samples. The samples yielded a similar number of identified redundant proteins in the plasma samples (average 446 ± 23) as found in the serum samples (average 440 ± 20). These proteins were identified by an average of 956 ± 35 unique peptides in plasma and 930 ± 11 unique peptides in serum. In addition to this high‐throughput analysis, the AMT tag approach was used with a Z‐score normalization to compare relative protein abundances. This analysis highlighted both known differences in serum and citrated plasma such as fibrinogens, and reproducible differences in peptide abundances from proteins such as soluble activin receptor‐like kinase 7b and glycoprotein m6b. The AMT tag strategy not only improved our sample throughput but also provided a basis for estimated quantitation.
Anionic homo‐ and copolymerization of double‐tailed macromonomers: A route to novel macromolecular architectures
Authors: Driva Paraskevi , Iatrou Hermis , Lohse David J. , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: July 2005

The synthesis of model linear and star double‐comb polybutadienes, as well as molecular double‐brush polybutadienes, with two tails emanating from each branch point, is presented. The synthetic approach involves (1) the selective reaction of living polybutadienes with the two chlorines of 4‐(dichloromethylsilyl)styrene to make double‐tailed macromonomers and (2) the homopolymerization or copolymerization of the double‐tailed macromonomer, in situ without isolation, to produce the double brushes and double combs, respectively. The star double comb was synthesized by the reaction of living double‐comb polybutadiene with trichloromethylsilane. Characterization carried out by size exclusion chromatography, with differential refractometer and light scattering detectors, indicated that the synthesized polybutadienes had a high degree of molecular and structural homogeneity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4070–4078, 2005
Hydrogenation and oxygenation of the (100) diamond surface and the consequences for transfer doping
Authors: Sque S. J. , Jones R. , Briddon P. R.
Published: July 2005

Ab initio density‐functional‐theory calculations have been performed to determine the structural and electronic properties of the (100) diamond surface with various hydrogen and oxygen terminations. Total energies indicate that an –OH‐terminated surface is favoured over an oxygenated surface plus gas‐phase hydrogen. Ionisation potentials and electron affinities (EAs) are reported for the different systems, and the distinction is made between bulk‐ and surface‐related properties. A first‐order correction is used to offer estimated surface EAs. A negative bulk EA is found for surfaces terminated with –H and –OH groups, although many surfaces have deep traps which can act as positive EA in the absence of band bending. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BEN‐HFCVD effects on diamond nucleation on iridium: a Raman imaging study
Authors: Arnault J. C. , Schull G. , Mermoux M. , Marcus B. , Crisci A. , Polini R.
Published: July 2005

Diamond crystallites grown on Ir/SrTiO3 substrates after a bias‐enhanced nucleation procedure in a hot filament reactor have been studied using Raman spectroscopy. In particular, two techniques, Raman imaging and Raman mapping have been employed, and some of their relative merits for the detection of small diamond particles are presented. Part of the present results tend to indicate that the bias‐enhanced nucleation process in hot filament reactors differs significantly from the corresponding one in microwave plasma reactors. In particular, a thin layer of graphitic carbon is systematically detected at the iridium surface. It is speculated that the presence of this layer prevents the oriented nucleation and growth of the diamond crystallites. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of new defect levels in nanodiamond membranes
Authors: Kravets R. , Johnston K. , Potmesil J. , Vorlicek V. , Rosa J. , Vaněček M.
Published: July 2005

This paper reports on a new set of defect features in thin membrane nanodiamond. The samples were stud‐ied using Fourier transform photocurrent spectroscopy. We have observed four dominant new peaks in nanocrystalline diamond: two sharp peaks at 0.36 and 0.40 eV and broad bands at 0.27 and 0.57 eV. The first of these peaks is suggested to originate from a currently unknown bulk impurity; the other three are surface‐related and are especially prone to surface effects such as absorption/desorption over time. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐equilibrium acoustic phonons in nanocrystalline ceramics based on C‐modification of Y2O3 sesquioxide
Authors: Ivanov S. N. , Barabanenkov Yu. N. , Taranov A. V. , Khazanov E. N. , Yagi H. , Yanagitani T. , Takaichi K. , Lu J. , Bisson J. F. , Shirakava A. , Ueda K. , Bagayev S. N. , Kaminskii A. A.
Published: July 2005

The transport processes in highly transparent nanocrystalline laser‐host ceramics based on C‐modification of Y2O3 sesquioxide were investigated by the heat‐pulse technique. The propagation kinetics of acoustic phonons was studied in the range of liquid helium temperature (1.7–3.8 K). A structural model for the grain boundary layers is suggested and their thickness is estimated. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Critical misfit for dislocation stability in self‐assembled islands
Authors: Denker U. , Jesson D. E.
Published: July 2005

The energy of a dislocation within a coherently strained nanostructure is calculated as a function of misfit and position. If the misfit is decreased below a critical value, no energetically stable position for the dislocations exists inside the island. This instability is understood in terms of a simple two‐dimensional model and we propose that this can lead to motion of the nanostructure across the surface by a novel crawl mechanism. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Range and longitudinal range straggling with various stopping power formulations for oxygen ions in Si and SiO2
Authors: Kabadayi Önder , Gümüş Hasan
Published: July 2005

The results on comparison of different energy‐loss formulations as well as calculations of the range and range straggling have been presented for the ion–target system where oxygen ions are incident on amorphous silicon and silicon dioxide targets. Applying stopping‐power expressions by Montenegro et al., Öztürk et al., Wang and He, and Gümüş and Köksal, we have numerically calculated range and range straggling within a transport‐theory formalism. An interesting result is that the Montenegro et al. formula produces results better than its corrected version; the Öztürk et al. relation, despite the range and range straggling calculations indicating that the produced results by using the Öztürk et al. formulation are better than the Montenegro et al. formula when compared with experiment. The results with respect to the range straggling of oxygen ions in silicon dioxide show that the deviation from the experiment for the Öztürk et al. formulation is 42% at 200 keV, being the smallest deviation among the SRIM program and the other techniques. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
M and 1H NMR, ionic motions and phase transitions in proton conducting MHSO4 (M = K, Rb, Cs, and NH4) single crystals
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Lim Kye‐Young
Published: July 2005

The M and 1H spin–lattice relaxation rates in MHSO4 (M = K, Rb, Cs, and NH4) single crystals were measured over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependences of the 1H spin–lattice relaxation rates in RbHSO4 and NH4HSO4 can be explained by using the Bloembergen–Purcell–Pound theory while the temperature dependence of the 1H spin–lattice relaxation rate in KHSO4 cannot. Also, the relaxation process for M in MHSO4 crystals differs depending on M. It is well known that the characteristic features of MHSO4 crystals depend on whether M is K, Rb, Cs or NH4; specifically, NH4HSO4 and RbHSO4 exhibit ferroelectricity but KHSO4 and CsHSO4 do not. Consequently, although the MHSO4 crystals considered here are all members of the alkali acid sulfate family, our relaxation rate results varied depending on the mechanism of the ionic motion. This suggests that the differences in the chemical properties of M (= K, Rb, Cs, and NH4) are responsible for the variations of the natures of the phase transitions in these crystals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Feature Article: Understanding strongly correlated many‐body systems with quantum Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Lavalle Catia , Rigol Marcos , Muramatsu Alejandro
Published: July 2005

The cover picture of the current issue, taken from the Feature Article [1], depicts the evolution of local density (a) and its quantum fluctuations (b) in trapped fermions on one‐dimensional optical lattices. As the number of fermions in the trap is increased, figure (a) shows the formation of a Mott‐insulating plateau (local density equal to one) whereas the quantum fluctuations – see figure (b) – are strongly suppressed, but nonzero. For a larger number of fermions new insulating plateaus appear (this time with local density equal to two), but no density fluctuations. Regions with non‐constant density are metallic and exhibit large quantum fluctuations of the density.

The first author Catia Lavalle is a Postdoc at the University of Stuttgart. She works in the field of strongly correlated quantum systems by means of Quantum Monte Carlo methods (QMC). While working on her PhD thesis at the University of Stuttgart, she developed a new QMC technique that allows to study dynamical properties of the t–J model.
Quantification of docetaxel and its main metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Guitton J. , Cohen S. , Tranchand B. , Vignal B. , Droz J‐P , Guillaumont M. , Manchon M. , Freyer G.
Published: July 2005

Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent widely used in therapeutics. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a routine assay, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), for the simultaneous quantification of docetaxel and its main hydroxylated metabolites in human plasma. A structural analogue, paclitaxel, was used as the internal standard. Determination of docetaxel and four metabolites (M1, M2, M3 and M4) was achieved using only 100 µL of plasma. Liquid‐liquid extraction was used for sample preparation, with extraction efficiency of at least 90% for all analytes. Detection used positive‐mode electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring mode. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The assay was linear in the calibration curve range 0.5–1000 ng/mL and acceptable precision and accuracy (<15%) were obtained with concentrations above the LLOQ. This method was sufficiently selective and sensitive for quantification of metabolites in plasma from cancer patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy, and is suitable for routine analyses during pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and sensitive quantification of urinary N7‐methylguanine by isotope‐dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with on‐line solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Chao Mu‐Rong , Wang Chien‐Jen , Yang Hsi‐Hsien , Chang Louis W. , Hu Chiung‐Wen
Published: July 2005

A rapid, highly specific and sensitive isotope‐dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method coupled with an on‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE) system was developed to measure N7‐methylguanine (N7‐MeG) in urine. 15N5‐Labeled N7‐MeG was synthesized to serve as an internal standard, and an on‐line SPE cartridge was used for on‐line sample cleanup and enrichment. The urine sample can be directly analyzed within 15 min without prior sample purification. The detection limit for this method was estimated as 8.0 pg/mL (4.8 pmol) on‐column. This method was further applied to study exposure to methylating agents arising from cigarette smoke. Sixty‐seven volunteers were recruited, including 32 regular smokers and 35 nonsmokers. Urinary cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, was also determined using an isotope‐dilution LC/MS/MS method. The results showed that urinary levels of N7‐MeG observed in smokers (4215 ± 1739 ng/mg creatinine) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in nonsmokers (3035 ± 720 ng/mg creatinine). It was further noted that the urinary level of N7‐MeG was found to be correlated with that of cotinine for smokers, implying that cigarette smoking resulted in increased DNA methylation, followed by depurination and excretion of N7‐MeG in urine. As a result of the on‐line extraction system, this method is capable of routine high‐throughput analysis and accurate quantitation of N7‐MeG, and could be a useful tool for health surveillance of methylating agent exposure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pial arteriovenous fistulas: dilemmas in prenatal diagnosis, counseling and postnatal treatment. Report of three cases
Authors: Garel C. , Azarian M. , Lasjaunias P. , Luton D.
Published: July 2005

We report three cases of the antenatal appearance of a pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF). In Case 1, the diagnosis of pial AVF was made by ultrasound examination at 32 + 3 weeks of gestation and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 34 + 3 weeks of gestation. After birth, the neonate had cardiac insufficiency and an embolization was performed 8 days postpartum which was followed by extended cerebral ischemia and death. In Cases 2 and 3 pial fistulae were diagnosed at birth. In Case 2, the patient was referred following the diagnosis of an aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen at 38 weeks of gestation. Owing to immediate delivery following her transfer, no ultrasound examination was performed and the diagnosis of pial AVF was established on the first postnatal day. An embolization was performed and the child is doing well. Case 3 presented with cardiomegaly at 30 weeks of gestation and cerebral ischemic lesions after birth.

These cases highlight the difficulties encountered in the prenatal diagnosis of pial AVFs. The diagnosis should be considered in cases of unexplained cardiomegaly and it is also important to make sure that AVFs draining into the vein of Galen are not misdiagnosed as aneurysmal malformations of this vein. The complications of pial AVFs are cardiac failure and cerebral ischemia. Embolization is the treatment of choice; however it is a risky procedure in neonates. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of Nod1 by Hsp90 chaperone complex
Authors: Hahn Ji-Sook
Published: July 2005

Nod1 and Nod2 proteins play important roles in mammalian innate immune responses as intracellular sensors for bacterial peptidoglycan. Nod1 and Nod2 share structural homology with many R proteins involved in plant disease resistance. It has been demonstrated that plant Hsp90 and its co‐chaperone RAR1 are implicated in R‐mediated disease resistance. Here the Chp‐1 gene encoding a mammalian homologue of plant RAR1 was identified as a new target for transcriptional activation by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a stress‐responsive HSF isoform. In addition, Nod1 is demonstrated to be a client protein of the Hsp90 chaperone complex containing the Chp‐1. Chp‐1 interacts with the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and the ATPase domain of Hsp90 via two distinct zinc‐binding cysteine and histidine rich domains (CHORDs). These findings suggest a common regulatory mechanism involving the Hsp90 chaperone complex in R‐mediated disease resistance in plants and Nod1‐mediated innate immune response in mammals.
A unified framework for unraveling the functional interaction structure of a biomolecular network based on stimulus‐response experimental data
Authors: Cho Kwang-Hyun , Choo Sang-Mok , Wellstead Peter , Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: July 2005

The approach is based on stationary and/or temporal data obtained from parameter perturbations, and unifies the previous approaches of Kholodenko et al. (PNAS 99 (2002) 12841–12846) and Sontag et al. (Bioinformatics 20 (2004) 1877–1886). By way of demonstration, we apply our unified approach to a network model which cannot be properly identified by existing methods. Finally, we propose an experiment design methodology, which is not limited by the amount of parameter perturbations, and illustrate its use with an in numero example.
Defective binding of transcriptional repressor ZEB via DNA methylation contributes to increased constitutive levels of p73 in Fanconi anemia cells
Authors: Pipaon Carlos , Real Pedro J. , Fernandez-Luna Jose L.
Published: July 2005

Little is known about the molecular mediators of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway involved in the machinery that maintains genomic integrity. Here, we report that the levels of p73 and its target genes, are increased in cells derived from FA patients belonging to complementation group A (FA‐A). Moreover, functional correction of FA‐A cells by gene transfer reduces the expression of p73. We also demonstrate that DNA methylation contributes to increased levels of p73 in FA‐A cells by hampering the binding of the transcriptional repressor ZEB to an intronic regulatory region of the p73 gene. Together, our data may help explain the susceptibility of these cells to DNA damaging agents.
Globalisation and Economic Growth in the Third World: Some Evidence from Eighteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: PONZIO CARLOS ALEJANDRO
Published: July 2005

This article studies the connection between globalisation and economic growth in eighteenth-century Mexico. This was a period of globalisation in Mexico, characterised by market integration and growth in international trade. I estimate economic growth at that time and explore its relationship with the dominant export of the epoch, silver. The results show that Mexico experienced rapid economic growth in the eighteenth century and, furthermore, that exports caused that growth. During the period of Bourbon reforms economic growth improved, but not dramatically. Mining ceased to be the engine of growth by the end of the century.
‘Que el cielo un soldado en cada hijo te dio …’: Conscription, Recalcitrance and Resistance in Mexico in the 1940s
Authors: RATH THOMAS
Published: July 2005

Conscription and resistance to it can tell us much about state–society relations in Mexico in the 1940s. The state's implementation of conscription was obstructed by limited bureaucratic and coercive capacity, and by the continued political autonomy of the regions. Popular protests and the hundreds of petitions sent to the central government provide a glimpse of popular views of the army, state, nation, notions of respectability, and the family. The extent of both violent and more ‘loyal’ resistance to the draft shows the continued vigorous contestation of state policies by Mexican society at different levels, and it illustrates the limits to the popular legitimacy of the central state.