bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things: IETF protocols, Algorithms and Applications
Authors:   Professor, department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering college, Tirupati, India., Kumar Dr. M. Sunil , Prakash K. Jyothi ,   PG Scholar, department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering college, Tirupati, India.
Published: September 2019

Gathering and transmitting data can do through internet connected things without interaction of human. Internet of Things are becoming more dominant in our environments by the support of technologies. Now a days the digital information shared from Internet of Things devices via Wireless by using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). To this end, a set of protocols and some open standards are developed by the IETF for obtaining applications and their services for wireless networks. In this provide privacy and security while transmitting data for health care IOT based applications, because the security is major problem in today’s world. This paper focuses on explaining the concepts of the IETF protocols, password strength evaluation method and Steganography technique by using algorithms.
Protected Health Care Application In Cloud using Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption And Hierarchical Attribute-Based Encryption
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India., Sudha I. , Nedunchelian R. ,   Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karpaga Vinayagar College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: September 2019

Cloud computing is becoming an emerging paradigm to tenuously store and Share the data for users. A personal health record (PHR) could be a health record during which the patient keeps health data and other information associated with the patient's care. There is a great challenge of privacy and confidentiality once patient shares their records of the commercial cloud servers, that results in less secure. In view of the above, this paper proposes a technique which combines attribute based access control model with an expansion of ciphertext-policy attribute-set-based encryption (ASBE) and Hierarchical Attribute-based Encryption allows to store the sanitized data securely in the cloud system and also the original data may be retrieved from the sanitized data with the help of the key provided by the data owner. The experimentation is carried out on the data sets and it provides superior performance efficient and accurate results. PHR system categorizes the users to multi security domains so as to scale back key management quality.
Click chemistry towards thermally reversible photochromic 4,5-bisthiazolyl-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Zhang Chenxia , Morinaka Kaori , Kose Mahmut , Ubukata Takashi , Yokoyama Yasushi
Published: September 2019

Three new diarylethenes were synthesized from 1,2-bis(5-methyl-2-(4-substituted-phenyl)thiazol-4-yl)ethyne and benzyl azide through Ru(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cyclization reactions. The 4,5-bisthiazolyl-1,2,3-triazoles thus prepared, which belong to the terarylene family, showed thermally reversible photochromism. The absorption maximum wavelengths of the closed forms are longer than other terarylenes reported so far. The thermal back reactions are much faster when the substituents on the terminal phenyl groups are electron-withdrawing cyano groups than when they are electron-donating methoxy groups.
Value of Combination of Standard Axial and Thin-Section Coronal Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Diagnosis of Acute Brainstem Infarction
Authors: Khaleel Nashwan I. , Zghair Muna A. G. , Hassan Qays A.
Published: September 2019

AIM: To determine the value of the combination of thin-section 3 mm ‎coronal and standard ‎axial DWI and their impact in facilitating the diagnosis of ‎‎acute brainstem infarction.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted from the 1st of April 2017 to the end of February 2018 on 100 consecutive patients (66% were male, and 34% were female) with isolated acute ischemic infarction in the ‎brainstem. The abnormal MRI findings concerning the ischemic lesions were interpreted on standard axial 5 mm and thin-section coronal 3mm DWI.
RESULTS: The mean age of the studied group was 69.2 ± 4.3 for male and 72.3 ± 2.5 years. The standard axial DWI can diagnose 20%, 6.7% and 6.7% of the infarctions in midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata respectively, while both axial and thin coronal sections together can diagnose 80% of midbrain infarctions, 93.3% of pons infarctions and 93.3% of medulla oblongata infarctions. Furthermore, the thin section coronal 3 mm section can diagnose very smaller ischemic lesion volume in comparison to the standard axial 5mm section (3.4 ± 0.45 / cm3 versus 4.6 ± 0.23 / cm3, P < 0.001)
CONCLUSION: The addition of thin-section coronal DWI can facilitate the detection of brainstem ischemic lesions. We suggest its inclusion in the stroke MRI protocol.
Academic Staff Satisfaction with their Work: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Medical University
Authors: Dimova Rositsa , Stoyanova Rumyana , Harizanova Stanislava , Tarnovska Miglena , Keskinova Donka
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Employees' work satisfaction, combined with democratic management, are important predictors of future productivity in any organisation.
AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate job satisfaction in academic staff as well as the associated working environment factors, using an original self-administered questionnaire.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an original standardised questionnaire. It involved 370 academic staff members at one of the five medical universities in Bulgaria. The questionnaire consists of 17 items (including occupational hazards, management style, conflict solving and demographic characteristics) rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
RESULTS: The results revealed that the majority of academic staff (71.7%) works in a risky environment. Employees indicate that “mental strain”, “work with chemical agents and dust” and “work with biological hazards” are the most common risk factors. Democratic leadership and cooperation are most commonly applied management styles.
CONCLUSION: The instrument for the measurement of job satisfaction revealed high values of psychometric characteristics for reliability and validity. The study found a high level of satisfaction of academics with their working conditions. It is necessary to conduct similar studies periodically to detect more precisely the decrease in academic staff work satisfaction and take timely and adequate measures to improve it.
Araneofauna (Arachnidae: Araneae) of Monte Pellegrino (Sicily, Italy): Fourth contribution to the knowledge of the Sicilian spider fauna
Authors: Dentici Antonino
Published: September 2019

This work is a preliminary checklist of spiders living in Monte Pellegrino, near Palermo (Sicily, Italy). Monte Pellegrino, together with the Parco della Favorita, has a high biodiversity and the different vegetation types together with the particular geomorphology of the soil offers a great variety of flora and fauna.The samples were obtained over several years, with a large number of specimens. Up to date, 74 species from 63 genera and 26 families are listed.

Four species new for Sicily: Segestria bavarica C.L. Koch, 1843 (Segestridae), Monaeses paradoxus (Lucas, 1846) and Ozyptila confluens (C.L. Koch, 1845) (Thomisidae), and Episinus algiricus Lucas, 1846 (Theridiidae). Moreover, Tibellus Simon, 1875 (Philodromidae), a new genus from Sicily, was also found at Monte Pellegrino.

The studies currently carried out were mainly aimed at known areas of the mountain, such as the Gorgo di Santa Rosalia, the area around the Sanctuary of Santa Rosalia and the Addaura Caves, but other interesting areas of this locality could add new data.
Saproxylic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) on an old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Madonie Mountains (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Sparacio Ignazio , Viviano Roberto
Published: September 2019

Saproxylic insects associated with old trees are seriously threatened in Europe and their habitat is severely decreased. Usually, old trees harbour a very diverse fauna of beetles with many rare species and red-listed saproxylic insect species. These insects live in the dead wood outside the tree (in branches or parts of the trunk), inside the tree hollows, in the debris, and in fungal fruit bodies.

During 2019 we collected saproxylic beetles near Monte Carbonara (Madonie Mountains, Sicily, Italy) at 1800 meters above sea level. Particularly, we studied a very old still standing beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), t with numerous cavities and parts of the trunk fallen to the ground.

Samples were collected by visually looking for beetles, on the ground and under leaves near the old beech, in its cavities and sifting the debris in the laboratory.

Up to date the results include interesting beetle species such as Osmoderma cristinae Sparacio, 1994 (Cetoniidae), Byrrhus numidicus Normand, 1935 (Byrrhidae), Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Morimus asper Sulzer, 1776 (Cerambycidae).
Ground beetles communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Piana degli Albanesi surroundings (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Tetamo Andrea , Vancheri Davide , Bellavista Michele , Sparacio Ignazio
Published: September 2019

Piana degli Albanesi (Sicily, Italy) is a mountain locality (800 meters above sea level) near Palermo. It is situated in a valley surrounded by four mountains (Pizzuta, Kumeta, Maganoce, Xeravulli) that ends at the lake of Piana degli Albanesi. Piana degli Albanesi and its surroundings are very important localities in the Sicilian entomological history with numerous records.

In this work, we show the Carabidae populations that live in this study area, with particular attention to the total number of species present and to their ecological and biogeographical characteristics.

Carabids are useful bioindicators, often used to identify habitat alterations; research focused on them allows obtaining different information on the environments studied.
La dynamique instituante des agricultures
Authors: Dubois Michel J. F.
Published: September 2019

Le modèle agricole productiviste de la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle est désormais en fin de course et l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle ne pourra pas se construire de la même manière que le précédent. L’hypothèse soutenue ici est que cette transformation ne sera pas seulement faite avec les agriculteurs, mais par eux. Les conditions du succès exigent une forte technicité des agriculteurs, esprit d’innovation et d’entreprise, des échanges intenses entre eux, avec leurs partenaires, leurs clients, leurs coopératives, les chercheurs. Une nouvelle « culture technique agricole » est attendue et nécessaire. Elle émergera d’autant mieux que les organisations, institutions et administrations accompagneront ce changement déjà pris en main par les agriculteurs plutôt qu’elles l’orienteront selon des modalités prescriptives.
Quand la coopération devient résistance : le cas d’un centre d’accueil de demandeurs d’asile
Authors: Duarte Antoine
Published: September 2019

L’article s’intéresse aux formes concrètes que revêtent les conduites de résistance inventées par les sujets lorsqu’ils sont confrontés aux dérives de certaines méthodes introduites dans les entreprises et les institutions depuis le tournant gestionnaire. La recherche clinique se fonde sur la méthodologie de l’enquête en psychodynamique du travail et relate une investigation menée dans un Centre d’accueil de demandeurs d’asile avec un collectif de travailleurs et travailleuses volontaires. L’analyse des conduites de résistance permet ainsi de mettre en lumière le rôle joué par les stratégies de défense contre la souffrance au travail dans l’empêchement à agir et la place centrale de la recomposition de la coopération pour envisager de nouvelles manières de faire.
Investigation of the Attitudes for Environment and Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Benzer Semra , Benzer Recep , Bozkurt Şule
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of the students in a secondary school in Aksaray towards the environment according to some variables. The research group of the study was constituted of 426 students who were attending in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade at a secondary school in the academic year of 2015-2016. The research done by using environmental attitude scale concluded that the secondary students have a positive attitude towards the environment. It was found that there was a meaningful difference according to gender, age group, father profession status, mother profession status. It was also concluded that students did not differ according to mother education level, father education level, grade level, family income level, and number of siblings variables. Similar evaluations were made with artificial neural networks. In this study, it has been shown that artificial neural networks can be used in the studies conducted in the field of education.
Knowledge Management Within the Context of Organizational Innovation
Authors: Calp M. Hanefi
Published: September 2019

Knowledge management aims to provide easy access and management of the information resource for the institutions and thus to create value by taking the right decisions. Since knowledge management has a decisive impact on the business performance and innovation process at different stages and requires a different knowledge management concept, enterprises should integrate innovation selection activities into knowledge management processes. Otherwise, businesses may face problems in the management processes of the information resources they have. The purpose of this chapter is to first specify the definition and tasks of knowledge management, then to examine the knowledge management processes and to correctly identify of the problems encountered in these processes to find and to implement effective solutions and to realize effective management of the knowledge management within the scope of organizational innovation. This study is very important for businesses with a large scale of the budget, human resources, corporate memory, and thus, a data source.
Connected Employee Platforms
Authors: Cebeci Ufuk , Ersözlü Batuhan Burak , Acar Can Berk , Tokatlioglu Sahen
Published: September 2019

In the modern era, enterprises are facing a variety of difficulties because of today's emerging technologies. One of the numerous difficulties for a business is to fulfill its employees in order to adapt to the constantly changing business processes and to make progress and stay in competition. In order to build proficiency, viability, efficiency, and occupation responsibility of employees, the business must fulfill the requirements of its employee by giving great working conditions. The target of this chapter is to dissect the effect of workplace on employee work fulfillment. This chapter may profit society by urging individuals to contribute more to their occupations and may help them in their daily work life. Consequently, it is fundamental for an association to support their employee to snap down for accomplishing the hierarchical objectives and goals.
An Innovative Solar Energy and Decision Support System Approach by Using IoT
Authors: Cebeci Ufuk , Düzgit Zehra , Çavdar Cansu
Published: September 2019

Global warming affects everyone, and the effects will be more dangerous all over the world in time. Therefore, it is very important to use our world's limited resources and to prefer the renewable resources such as solar energy and wind energy. In this study, the authors consider an elevator system, which includes a solar-powered and conventional one with some new Internet-of-Things (IoT) features. The elevator may be operated by both electric energy and solar energy. Solar energy, as being a renewable energy source, leads to various benefits. Internet-of-Things-enabled elevator has a global system for mobile communications (GSM) module to send messages to pre-specified receivers in case of a power failure. The target performance measures are defined, and the advantages of the solar-powered smart elevator are explained.
IoT Impact and Challenges on Robotic Waiters in Automation of Restaurants and Hotels
Authors: Mishra Neelima , Goyal Dinesh , Elngar Ahmed A
Published: September 2019

In China and Japan robots are used to serve in restaurants to serve or to just greet the customer. In restaurants robots need to understand the environment and make decisions accordingly, like changing the route if it finds any obstacle in between. To have this capability of making decisions and behaving like humans, robots need information from different sources from which they can understand the change in environment, position of other robots, and also the path to the destination. This can be done by integrating robots with IoT technology that allow the enhancement in the capabilities in robotic waiter. IoT also helps in monitoring the working parts of robots and movements. This chapter aims to discuss the real-time challenges and impact of IoT on robotics services in restaurants and hotels.
Intelligent Health Vigilance System Using Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Patil Bhushan , Vohra Manisha
Published: September 2019

Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that is constantly progressing and finding new applications. It is making its way into enormous sectors. One such sector where IoT has entered is healthcare. This sector is one of the most vital sectors of world. Health of each and every individual should be given utmost priority. Any person who is unwell requires vigilance. The patients in hospital are always kept under vigilance. The healthcare sector constantly strives to keep on finding new ways and methods to improve and upgrade the current methods used for vigilance of patients. The use of IoT in healthcare sector can drastically change the way this sector works now. In this chapter, the concept of IoT shall be explained in detailed. Along with it, the current vigilance system and methods used in healthcare will be stated and viewed. In addition, a detailed demonstration through case studies explaining the use of IoT in healthcare sector will also be presented in this chapter.
Integrating IOT-Commodity Cameras Through LoRaWAN
Authors: Pandey Rajiv , Fatima Shahnaz , Asthana Shubham , Rathore Ayush Kumar
Published: September 2019

IoT devices and their applications are supporting humankind in almost all domains. This chapter explores LoRaWAN and proposes to integrate the commodity cameras installed at the security points of most of the gates to residential areas. LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) protocol for wide area networks and it has been opted for its functional and architectural scalability. The intelligent inputs are transferred from the commodity cameras to the data concentrators (DC), on edge-based computing, the DC can transfer this input to fog, cloud, remote servers for machine learning integrations. This chapter demonstrates the basic architectural framework of the said implementation. However, the detailed implementation and prototype is beyond the scope of this chapter. The chapter has however demonstrated the architecture. The features of the commodity cameras have been listed that can serve as the feed to the concentrators that shall enable alarm generations at the local and remote policing sites.
Introduction to IoT Technologies and Its Applications
Authors: Yadav Neeta , Badal Neelendra
Published: September 2019

The internet of things is everywhere. It is an emerging and wide scope of study. Every day there is a new addition to this technology. It is simply defined as a network over which a collection of things communicate with each other using internet as a medium of communication. It is also sharing information with each other for the ease, welfare, and convenience of human beings. It makes human life easier. About one trillion devices are expected to connect with this technology in the upcoming future (most probably in 2025). Each and every year its popularity increases. It makes smart health; provides more safety, comfort, and convenience; and also increases wisdom. IoT is one of the platforms of today's smart city and smart energy management systems. This chapter explores IoT technologies and applications.
IoT in Education
Authors: Arora Jyoti Batra , Kaushik Suruchi
Published: September 2019

Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology that is looked upon as a technology that can bring positive changes in development of the society. Using IoT, humans and things embedded with sensors, actuators, and other hardware can communicate in an intelligent manner, thus creating a sea of innovative ideas which can make life easy, simple, and smart. IoT has touched upon different areas such as healthcare, home security, and agriculture. In this chapter, the authors give an insight about the technology and its applications in various fields. The major focus is on emerging trends in education and potential applications of IoT in the field of education. IoT can bring a major shift in traditional educational practices and make the teaching-learning process more effective by actively engaging learners. Use of IoT devices can also help teachers in deciding their future plan of action and giving more attention to the slow learners. This chapter also highlights the challenges that this technology faces in the education sector.
Supporting Surgeons to Have Families
Authors: Harries Rhiannon L. , Nicholas Rebecca Spenser , Mohan Helen M.
Published: September 2019

Surgical training often overlaps childbearing years. It is important that those considering a career in surgery know it is possible to combine a career in surgery with having children—and are supported to do so. With the changing demographic of the surgical workforce in the UK, it is increasingly common that surgeons are trying to combine surgical training and pregnancy, or indeed consultant posts and pregnancy. It is crucial that there is a culture within a surgical department and training programme whereby surgeons feel supported in their fertility, pregnancy journey, return to work, and childrearing. It is imperative that trainees feel comfortable asking for and are given adequate time off for fertility issues and early and mid-trimester pregnancy loss. Support systems should be in place to provide emotional and practical support to both female and male surgeons who experience fertility problems, pregnancy loss, and stillbirth, as well as those who are pregnant, returning to work following parental leave and balancing childrearing with a surgical career.
Parental Leave During Surgical Training
Authors: Carlin Patricia Maria Saez
Published: September 2019

Work-family conciliation is currently in vogue. However, reality demonstrates that there is still a long way to go before being forced to make a choice between work, family, or personal life. Can a balance be achieved among the three? In relation to the medical profession, is there currently an adequate conciliation policy? Can these strategies be extrapolated to the training period? The proposal in this chapter consists in carrying out an up-to-date analysis on the parental leave situation during medical training as one of the main aspects of conciliation, by analysing parental leave policies and barriers faced by surgical trainees.
Gender Equity in Medical Leadership
Authors: Chandra Lizzie , Downey Candice L. , Svavarsdottir Hafdis S. , Skinner Helen , Young Alastair L.
Published: September 2019

Female representation in medicine is increasing, however women make up only a small percentage of senior roles in the NHS. Only 36% of consultants are female with wide variation between specialties ranging from 12% of surgeons to over half of paediatricians, gynaecologists, and directors of public health. Women comprise 77% of the NHS workforce and account for 44% of chief executives of all NHS Trusts and 47% of executive directors. This chapter analyses the role of women as leaders within the medical world and compares the representation of women in senior leadership roles within medicine and other parallel, male-dominated working environments. Alternative forms of leadership such as mentoring, coaching, and sponsorship are also considered.
Parallels Between Improving the Culture for Women in Surgery and a Surgical Approach to Improving Health for All
Authors: McNally Scarlett A.
Published: September 2019

Every person should be valued for their skills and potential, for every moment they are present. Training on Diversity and Unconscious bias is urgently needed. All staff must see themselves as role models, creating culture and reacting to another's name badge/role, with “fake it till you make it”. Those with poor behaviour may lack insight. Zero tolerance involves others taking a poorly-behaving peer for ‘a Vanderbilt cup of coffee'. Informal mentors should avoid gendered assumptions, e.g. all medical students need to scrub in. Leadership roles should have a clear application process. Inequality is not just a women's issue. Improvements must focus on the women themselves, the others around them, and the structures/processes. There are parallels with prevention in healthcare needing 3-pronged change: in individuals, society/culture, and organisations. More people being active can rapidly reduce the need for, and cost of, healthcare and social care by £Billions annually. The current paradigm of health is perhaps passive and paternalistic and a radical approach is needed.
Gender Equity in the Medical Profession as a Democratic Culture
Authors: Alves Helena
Published: September 2019

Gender Equity is still a challenge 45 years after establishment of democracy in Portugal. The author makes a historical framework of gender equality in the context of democracy and brings together demographic and statistical data on education, science, women's political participation in governments, parliament, and local power levels, the medical profession, and medical specialties. Also focused are the governmental structures to promote gender equality and the way of recruitment/appointment for public administration leaders. A comparison is made with other countries, using data from the OECD. The conclusion is that although there is a high rate of feminization in medicine in Portugal, this is due to the great competitiveness, work capacity, and dedication of women, which guarantees the entry of more women into medical schools. It remains to be seen that men are better represented in top positions and women are clearly overlooked, although the best performance of women in financial management is known. There is a lot of work to do until achieving a true gender equality in Portugal.
Gender Inequity in the United States Surgical Workforce
Authors: Heisler Christine A. , Stephens Elizabeth H. , Temkin Sarah M. , Miller Pringl
Published: September 2019

Despite the consistently reported gender parity among accepted applicants to US medical schools, upstream parity in surgical training, academic promotion, leadership positions, pay equity, grant funding, and efforts to promote wellness specific to the needs of women surgeons is seriously lacking. Along with these known disparities, women surgeons disproportionally suffer from gender bias, micro-aggressions, bullying, discrimination, and harassment that together create an unjust, unsafe, undignified, intolerable if not hostile work environment. This chapter will explore these issues and offer a landscape that will set the stage for future initiatives to invoke change.
Gamified Curriculum and Open-Structured Syllabus in Second-Language Teaching
Authors: Costuchen Alexia Larchen
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides an example of a secondary-education curriculum tailored to increase 21st century students´ motivation in second-language study by integrating digital learning into the classroom. The proposed syllabus is competency-based, open-structured, and promotes active learning within the constructivist paradigm. The research focus of this chapter suggests raising discussion on the practical benefits this type of curriculum design has on learning. The accompanying challenges that institutions face will also be addressed. The legal framework was based on public-school policy, the autonomous regulations in the Valencian Community, Spanish National Legislation, and the International Guidelines of the Council of Europe. The syllabus content is supported by such programs as Quizlet and Anki App for vocabulary acquisition; Kahoot, Socrative, and Jeopardy App for reading comprehension and grammar work; and Augment and HP Reveal for visuospatial stimulus via augmented reality. Web-based platforms such as Adobe Spark, Explain Everything, Nearpod, Padlet, and Canva, among others, were applied for digital story-making, videocast, interactive presentations, discussion boards, graphic-novel writing activities, etc. It should be noted that this design is just one of various options, that the current educational system in Spain is expecting curricular changes and that digital technology and internet-based resources need to be constantly checked for updates.
What Are the Experiences of College English Teaching in Heilongjiang Province, China?
Authors: Baisu Zhang , Mengyi Qiao , Xiaoling Jin , Lixin Wang
Published: September 2019

Teaching reform is an important part of addressing teaching standards in China in order to ensure quality in faculty performance and implementation of student outcomes is delivered at the highest degree of excellence in colleges and universities throughout China. This chapter makes a comprehensive investigation in the field of English teaching in 20 colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province. This chapter will focus on aspects of English teaching reform. The College English Test (CET) is a large-scale standardized test administered nationwide by the National College English Testing Committee on behalf of the Higher Education Department of the Ministry of Education (MOE) in China. The chapter will describe the role CET 4 & 6, faculty, and scientific research played in the analysis of the findings. This chapter discusses progress in the field of teaching English, addresses challenges and makes appropriate recommendations.
The Affective Phenomena of Childhood Trauma
Authors: Steele Claire , Neimann Theresa
Published: September 2019

Childhood trauma and stress affects learning. John Dewey's theories of progressive, experiential education data suggest that experiential education positively correlates not only to comprehension, but also to attitudes towards learning as a whole, and towards student self-esteem and ultimately brain health. However, experiential learning is affected by brain development and childhood stress. Experiential learning, particularly project-based curricula, have demonstrated positive outcomes in students from grades K-12. When assessments are adjusted to reflect content actually covered by a given project, students who learned through the project-based method performed significantly better than students in the comparison group, suggesting that experiential education enhances brain development and brain health in the areas of social emotional learning and improves comprehension and retention of material.
Cause of a Crisis
Authors: Felix Jonathan J.
Published: September 2019

From the 1990s until the present, there has been a growing movement in the higher education sector worldwide, emphasizing the primacy of the natural sciences and commercial activity as an important part of 21st century education and workforce preparation. Since then, the ongoing discourse on higher education has also systematically led to the marginalization of humanities. This chapter explores the ways in which the statements of purpose of higher education institutions, and their subsequent activities, might contribute toward the current state of the humanities. The author argues that the self-perception of these entities is related to their organizational identity, values, and actions. Using discourse analysis, this work will also attempt to explore the mission statements of 15 major higher education institutions in Trinidad and Tobago, and how statements regarding their core work are related to the current crisis with the humanities. From this preliminary study, higher education providers may be able to reconsider the ways in which their core internal and market-driven activities might severely compromise their ability to adequately serve students and the wider society by extension.
Artists, Cities, and Tourism
Authors: Santos Ezequiel Azevedo , Joaquim Graça
Published: September 2019

Within the framework of the “Tourfly” project, in which cultural and creative industries are central research areas, the authors investigated the relationship of artists with the city of Lisbon by analyzing six emblematic cases where artists are core in the emergence of creative tourism in the city, in terms of both domestic and international tourism. Between the gentrification problem and the social recovery of human communities, the presence of simulacra in tourist offer as opposing to authenticity experiences, the data from six focus group is presented, discussed, and theorized along this current chapter bringing a contribution for the understanding of artists' role in the design of both innovative and social sustainable tourist practices.
Tourism on the Azores and the Liberalization of the Air Space
Authors: Zsembera Janine Viktoria , Carvalho Luísa Cagica
Published: September 2019

Until 2015, air transportation in the Autonomous Region of the Azores faced a strong situation of monopoly as only two airlines where operating on domestic routes between the mainland, Lisbon and Porto, and the archipelago. From a consumer's point of view, there were only two main differences regarding airfares, the so called “resident fare,” which was only for passengers that had their main living address on one of the nine islands and the “normal fare.” With other words, each and every passenger that lived on the Azores had access to special reduced rates. This positive point, on one side, had its negative aspect on the other side, as it affected national tourism, excluding all residents on the Portuguese mainland and/or Madeira from having access to these fares. With the liberalization of air space and the arrival of low cost airlines, such as Ryanair and EasyJet, the situation changed.
European Capital of Smart Tourism
Authors: Aramendia-Muneta Maria Elena
Published: September 2019

This theoretical chapter tries to underpin the European Capital of Smart Tourism initiative that was launched in 2018 for the cities of the European Union. It therefore starts with an introduction to smart tourism and to the meaning of a smart tourism city. It follows this with a description of the impact of the smart tourism city award on the European Union, and the rules of the challenge, emphasising the good practice of the two 2019 winning cities, Helsinki and Lyon. Finally, some recommendations for future research and a conclusion are given.
Revolutionary Upheavals in Russia in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Ershov Bogdan
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the social contradictions and the inability of the government to solve the main political problems that led to the deep socio-political crisis of Russia in the early 20th century. This was expressed in the struggle of the workers against the autocratic police system, in the creation of radical, left-wing political parties and liberal opposition unions, in disputes within the ruling elite, and fluctuations in the government's course. All these sociopolitical contradictions and problems were aggravated in the conditions of the deep economic crisis that Russia, like all other European powers, experienced in the early 20th century. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that in the late 19th to early 20th centuries in Russia, as in other capitalist countries, monopolistic associations in industry, commerce, and transport became widespread.
The Truth We Can't Afford to Ignore
Authors: Ligocki Danielle , Wilkins Martha Ann
Published: September 2019

Popular media has become a central aspect of life for many individuals. With that exposure to media comes imagery that contains messages both covert and overt that are readily consumed by the viewers. Adolescents are especially influenced by these images because of their frequency and use of media. This study addresses the ways in which middle school students interpret and internalize stereotypical imagery found in popular culture, specifically reality television, and examines the role of the teacher and greater school community in helping students to identify and mediate stereotypical images. Through participatory literacy strategies, classrooms everywhere can become an educative, critical, thoughtful space for both students and teacher.
Determinants of the Tuition Fees and Their Impact on Financial Value
Authors: kabtool Roshan
Published: September 2019

This chapter aims at determining the factors that affect the pricing of tuition fees in private schools. It includes private primary schools in Damascus Governorate, the research population, in which the researcher used the analytical descriptive method and provided a theoretical framework that clarifies all the concepts related to the subject of tuition fees and private education from a financial aspect. The sample was obtained from 35 private schools from Damascus governorate schools. Future studies may address the educational aspect of this theme or take broader sectors of private education.
International Labor Migration in a Globalizing Economy
Authors: Rubinskaya Eteri
Published: September 2019

International labor migration is a multi-level, multi-dimensional social phenomenon being studied by specialists of different branches of science. Scientific views on the content of the concept, causes, and factors behind it, consequences from it, etc., have been developing together with the progress of this phenomenon and are still developing it now. The chapter is dedicated to the influence of the world economic trends (globalization, integration, transnationalization) on the international labor movement and changes of theoretical approaches to its analysis in the historical development of society on the examples of relevant contemporary concepts.
The Impact of Migration on Sustainable Development of Small Countries in Europe
Authors: Sofija Adžić
Published: September 2019

The chapter analyzes the institutional framework and the implementation of the European concept of sustainable development within migration flows. The key research method is factor analysis which is applied to describe the functioning of institutional and market initiatives in the course of establishing a sustainable development regime that absorbs migration flow. The main obstacles in this regard were: poor construction of today's market; the current public system of economic development regulation; and low efficiency in absorption of migrant flows. Small countries will have to turn to macro- and micro-reforms and policies. The framework of sustainable development requires a new approach in the context of the Agenda 2030 and will improve: (1) the socioeconomic climate for productive entrepreneurship and employment growth; (2) development of the innovation system under 3T; and (3) development of the economy overall.
Productive Mechanism Design to Control Migration Temperature Basing on Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Patlasov Oleg Yurievich , Luchko Oleg Nikolaevich , Mukhametdinova Svetlana Khamitianovna
Published: September 2019

This research chapter describes one of the approaches to designing a productive mechanism for migration temperature control considering it as an integral qualitative and quantitative indicator of the social and economic problems associated with migration processes. The analysis of various approaches to studying migration processes impacts the socioeconomic situation in recipient countries has been carried out. Some cognitive models have been developed based on the questionnaire result analysis, expert assessments, and statistical data. A series of simulation experiments have been carried out using software specially developed to automate the cognitive modeling processes. In the course of our experiments, some changes in the target factor. i.e., in migration temperature, have been detected as a result from different intensity impulses impacting on individual controlling factors. Within the developed models framework, several proposals have been put forward concerning the productive mechanism for migration temperature control.
Service Learning as a Scholarly Pursuit
Authors: Turner Sylvia
Published: September 2019

This chapter will show how one of the top scholars programs at the University of Tennessee incorporates meaningful service-learning into its curriculum. Their model, which includes academic courses, service dialogues, and service, promotes greater scholar engagement in the community and undoubtedly enhances the classroom experiences for its students. Following the practices of many of the earlier movements, the program tries to recognize the valuable resources, the human competence, and the rich cultural legacies in the schools and communities in which they serve. It is a constant and dynamic process of assessment and reflection that will hopefully transform not only the scholars but the communities they serve.
Designing Assessment, Assessing Instructional Design
Authors: Panke Stefanie
Published: September 2019

Assessment plays a vital role in delivering, evaluating, monitoring, improving and shaping learning experiences on the Web, at the desk and in the classroom. In the process of orchestrating educational technologies instructional designers are often confronted with the challenge of designing or deploying creative and authentic assessment techniques. For an instructional designer, the focus of assessment can be on individual learning, organizational improvement or the evaluation of educational technologies. A common question across these domains is how to translate pedagogical concepts such as authenticity and creativity into concrete practical applications and metrics. Educational technologies can support creative processes and offer connections to authentic contexts, just as well as they can curtail creativity and foster standardized testing routines. The chapter discusses theoretical frameworks and provides examples of the conceptual development and implementation of assessment approaches in three different areas: Needs assessment, impact assessment and classroom assessment.
Cloud-Based Continuous Formative Assessment (CFA)
Authors: Herr Norman , Tippens Marten , Rivas Mike , Vandergon Virginia Oberholzer , d'Alessio Matthew , Reveles John
Published: September 2019

Continuous Formative Assessment (CFA) is a strategy that employs free and accessible collaborative cloud-based technologies to collect, stream, and archive evidence of student knowledge, reasoning, and understanding during STEM lessons, so that instructors and students can make evidence-based decisions for adjusting lessons to optimize learning. Writing samples, diagrams, equations, drawings, photos, and movies are collected from all students and archived in cloud-based databases so that instructors can assess student understanding during instruction, and monitor learning gains over time. This chapter introduces and explains CFA techniques and provides preliminary research pertaining to the effectiveness of CFA instructional strategies in promoting student accountability, metacognition, and engagement in STEM courses, and suggests avenues for future research.
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning and Assessment
Authors: Gikandi Joyce W.
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on re-interpreting the findings of a recent study based on collaborative learning perspectives. The study utilized a case study design in which two online postgraduate courses were investigated as a collective case study. Online observations, analysis of the archived course content and interview transcripts were used as data collection techniques. The data from multiple sources were triangulated. Qualitative techniques were used in data analysis and descriptive statistics were integrated to extend the meaning of qualitative data. The findings of the study suggest that social interactivity is pivotal to facilitating meaningful learning in formal online education. The findings further illustrate that development of productive communities in continuing (in-service) education is a gradual process that evolves through four stages starting from community of interest to community of practice.
EvalCOMIX®
Authors: Ibarra-Sáiz María Soledad , Rodríguez-Gómez Gregorio
Published: September 2019

The increasing use of technological tools to support the process of participation in assessment is explained, firstly, by the current tendencies in assessment and learning in Higher Education which encourage the active participation of students as a means to improve their learning; secondly, by the universal presence of technology that makes it impossible to conceive of any educational process that does not contemplate its use and that is leading to ever more courses that are either virtual or require minimal attendance; and, finally, an environment in which there are ever greater numbers of students per class. This chapter presents the results of using the web-based EvalCOMIX® programme in the context of a number of Higher Education training courses. Data has been collected through questionnaires and interviews applied to students, lecturers and academic coordinators. The results illustrate the ease of implementation of EvalCOMIX®, its usefulness in creating and sharing assessment instruments and the opportunity it provides to facilitate student participation in assessment.
The Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Assessment for the Purposes of a Mathematical Sciences Lecturer
Authors: Broughton Stephen James , Hernandez-Martinez Paul , Robinson Carol L.
Published: September 2019

Computer-Aided Assessment (CAA) is becoming an increasingly popular method for assessing students in their mathematics courses in higher education. This article examines six lecturers' practices of using CAA on their mathematics courses. The interviews with these lecturers revealed that the CAA system did provide many of the benefits that were promised; however, there were some important aims not satisfied by the system, which limited the scope of its effectiveness. Using a model for effective assessment, which draws upon ideas from the assessment literature and cultural-historical activity theory, the lecturer interviews give an insight into what stops this assessment tool from remaining effective. This study shows that the CAA system was reasonably effective to an extent, and lecturers had achieved a relatively stable practice that they were satisfied to maintain; however, there were shortcomings with the existing system that limited the scope of its effectiveness, which led to diverse practices and a desire to change system.
A Virtual-Reality Approach for the Assessment and Rehabilitation of Multitasking Deficits
Authors: Bock Otmar , Drescher Uwe , van Winsum Wim , Kesnerus Thomas F , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: September 2019

Virtual reality technology can be used for ecologically valid assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive deficits. This article expands the scope of applications to ecologically valid multitasking. A commercially available driving simulator was upgraded by adding an ever-changing sequence of concurrent, everyday-like tasks. Furthermore, the simulator software was modified and interfaced with a non-motorized treadmill to yield a pedestrian street crossing simulator. In the latter simulator, participants walk on through a virtual city, stop at busy streets to wait for a gap in traffic, and then cross. Again, a sequence of everyday-like tasks is added. A feasibility study yielded adequate “presence” in both virtual scenarios, and plausible data about performance decrements under multi-task compared to single-task conditions. The present approach could be suitable for the assessment and training of multitasking skills in older adults and neurological patients.