bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
False Web memories: A case study on finding information about Andrei Broder
Authors: Bar-Ilan Judit
Published: May 2013

Andrei Broder, the well-known Internet researcher does not have a home page of his own. This complicates finding information about him, especially since during the last ten years he switched several employers. Especially of interest is the page research.compaq.com/people/Andrei_Broder/bio.html, which almost seven years after Andrei Broder left Compaq, still appears among the top-ten results displayed by Google for the query Andrei Broder as of June 2006. The title of this page is “No such user” and its content is “Sorry, Andrei Broder is no longer working in Compaq Corporate Research.” The case becomes even more interesting, since the actual page and the whole site research.compaq.com are inaccessible at least since March 2006, and the Google’s cached copy is from December 2005!
In this paper we investigate the placement of this page at various search engines over the years, and describe searchers’ efforts to find information about the job title and business address of Andrei Broder as of May 2005, when he was still working at IBM.
Book reviews
Authors: Gibson Nigel , Parsons Rob
Published: May 2013

None available.
Pervasive fun
Authors: Luthiger Benno , Jungwirth Carola
Published: May 2013

The goal of the study on Fun and Software Development (FASD) is to precisely assess the importance that fun has as motivation for software developers to engage in open source projects. A survey carried out both under open source developers and programmers working in Swiss software companies yielded that the fun motive accounts for about 27 percent to 33 percent of open source developers’ motivation.
Fun is a pervasive feature of software development, not only for open source programmers but in the area of commercial software development too: Open source developers that are paid for their work are observed to be very motivated and prepared for future effort, especially if they enjoy their development time. Furthermore, the fun that programmers experience functions as a good proxy for their productivity. Therefore, employers that want to enhance the programmers’ productivity can safely invest in an environment of fun for developers in their company.
Genealogy and the economic drain on Ireland: Unintended consequences
Authors: Heinlen Emily
Published: May 2013

In the last decade, with the increase in the digitization of genealogical documents and the prevalence of the Internet across the globe, online genealogical research has become a popular pastime among the citizens of the western countries. While this increase in popularity has been an economic boost for online companies that specialize in genealogy, it has had the unintended consequence on Ireland of decreasing the incoming revenue of the genealogy tourism industry. In this paper, I explain the situation and its causes, as well as the current practices being used to stem the decrease and possible solutions to be used in the future.
Understanding hypertext cognition: Developing mental models to aid users' comprehension
Authors: White Andy
Published: May 2013

This paper uses literature on hypertext theory to evaluate our reading strategies in an online environment. Assessing the impact of digital technology on our educational environment and culture, the paper recommends a new form of pedagogy for hypertexts based on Walter Ong’s concept of ‘secondary orality’.
Scientific journal publishing in India: Promoting electronic publishing of scholarly journals in India
Authors: Abraham Thomas , Minj Suvarsha
Published: May 2013

This article provides a report about the Scientific Journal Publishing in India (SJPI) Project which promotes electronic publishing of scholarly journals. It covers briefly the objectives, implementation and outcomes of the Project. Open Journal Systems and Open Archives Harvester were used to achieve the goals of the Project.
Annotating and linking in the Open Journal Systems
Authors: Kopak Rick , Chiang Chia-Ning
Published: May 2013

This study reports on user based research on the annotating and linking prototype components of the Open Journals Systems of the Public Knowledge Project. The study describes the features of the components and provides results based on an analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. The paper concludes by stating design implications of the research, and outlines future research based on development of the prototype.
Extending OJS into small magazines: The OMMM Project
Authors: Maxwell John W.
Published: May 2013

At the CCSP, we have been exploring the possibilities of using open source, journal management software OJS to run small, independent magazines. To what extent can the editorial process embodied in OJS be adapted and loosened to serve the known needs of small magazines. Conversely, to what extent could this functionality be addressed starting with much simpler, less formalized platforms such as wikis, blogs, and open-ended CMS tools, adding structure and constraint as needed. Small magazines share many characteristics with journals: they have well-known communities of contributors, well-defined editorial and production processes, and are interested in publishing online as well as in print. There are also significant differences. One obvious difference is peer review, but this may not prove to be the most significant. Rather, focusing on the underlying model of the text and the author, and what each contributes to the larger publication and discourse reveals interesting assumptions underlying the both publishing operations and software systems. A set of requirements for online magazine publishing systems is proposed, with implications for the world of scholarly communication as well.
Rethinking collections - Libraries and librarians in an open age: A theoretical view
Authors: Morrison Heather
Published: May 2013

Open access, one of the most important of the potentials unleashed by the combination of the electronic medium and the World Wide Web, is already much more substantial in extent that most of us realize. More than 10 percent of the world's scholarly peer-reviewed journals are fully open access; this does not take into account the many journals offering hybrid open choice, free back access, or allowing authors to self-archive their works. Scientific Commons includes more than 16 million publications, nearly twice as much content as Science Direct. Meanwhile, even as we continue to focus on the scholarly peer-reviewed journal article, other potentials of the new technology are beginning to appear, such as open data and scholarly blogging. This paper examines the library collection of the near and medium future, suggests that libraries and librarians are in a key position to lead in the transition to an open age, and provides specific suggestions to aid in the transition.
Scholarly publishing in sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ondari-Okemwa Ezra
Published: May 2013

A free flow of ideas and information is vital to the process of scientific inquiry, and in turn to the ability to address economic, environmental and social development issues both in the sub–Saharan Africa region and globally. Most of the challenges facing scholarly publishing in sub–Saharan Africa are global and do not respect national boundaries. Scholarly publishing enables research findings of scholars to cross international boundaries to provide strong, positive connections between individual scholars, institutions and nations. Such exchanges contribute to the expansion of the global knowledge base to which the sub–Saharan Africa region is linked. Participation in the global arena through scholarly communication may enable the sub–Saharan Africa region to have access to knowledge and information it needs to succeed in the global economy that is being digitized rapidly. Scholarly publishing is as a result of research and innovation which may improve the quality of knowledge and information produced by scholars in the sub–Saharan Africa region. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of scholarly publishing in sub–Saharan Africa in the twenty–first century. The paper also proposes ways of capitalising on the vast opportunities of enhancing knowledge production and dissemination in sub–Saharan Africa through scholarly publishing in the twenty–first century. An analysis of publication records of sub–Saharan Africa between 1997 and 2007 in the Thompson Scientific was conducted. There are many challenges confronting scholarly publishing in sub–Saharan Africa. The challenges include technological, socio–political, economic and environmental. The twenty–first century brings with it opportunities that may enhance sub–Saharan Africa’s visibility of scholarly publishing.
DiPP and eLanguage: Two cooperative models for open access
Authors: Puschmann Cornelius , Reimer Peter
Published: May 2013

This article describes the development, deployment and ongoing use of two collaborative platforms for the publication of peer–reviewed, open access, academic e–journals and the different organizational environments towards which each system is tailored. The two projects presented here, DiPP [1] and eLanguage [2], are examples of different approaches to electronic publishing: the first being a regional publishing cooperative, the second a disciplinary one [3]. Our description includes the technical specifications of the DiPP platform, which is an extension of the Plone [4] content management system and Fedora [5], and eLanguage, which is based on the Public Knowledge Project's Open Journal Systems (OJS) [6] and the blogging platform Wordpress [7]. The authors hope to convincingly illustrate how very specific factors — both technical and cultural — shape the requirements of those who work with different publishing products and that these factors must be carefully reviewed when building a publishing cooperative. We also wish to emphasize the importance of bringing together researchers, scholarly societies and libraries in a joint effort to create the ideal environment for open access. Scholarly societies in particular can act as influential stewards for the proliferation of open access due to their reach and the trust they enjoy, and therefor bringing them aboard is of critical importance [8].

 

Notes

1. See http://www.dipp.nrw.de/.

2. See http://elanguage.net/.

3. We owe the term publishing cooperative to Raym Crow of SPARC, who held a presentation outlining the concept at the First PKP Scholarly Publishing Conference in Vancouver on 12 July 2007. The presentation slides are available at http://pkp.sfu.ca/ocs/pkp2007/index.php/pkp/1/paper/view/79/33. See also Raym Crow, 2006. “Publishing cooperatives: An alternative for non–profit publishers,” Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resource Coalition (SPARC) Discussion Paper, at http://www.arl.org/sparc/publications/papers.html; see also version in First Monday, volume 11, number 9 (September), at http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_9/crow/.

4. See http://plone.org/.

5. See http://www.fedora–commons.org/. Note that this repository system is not to be confused with the Linux distribution of the same name.

6. See http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=ojs.

7. See http://wordpress.org/.

8. See Veltrop (2003) and Waltham (2006) for a discussion of open access in relation to scholarly societies.
Transitioning to open access (OA)
Authors: Struik Christina , Coldenbrander Hilde , Warren Stephen , Maurivez Halina de , Joseph Heather , Koufougiannakis Denise , Morrison Heather , Shearer Kathleen , Vezina Kumiko , Waller Andrew
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a summary of three presentations: Heather Joseph of the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) on key advocacy strategies, the Canadian Association of Research Libraries’s (CARL) Kathleen Shearer on the CARL Institutional Repository program and forthcoming CARL Author’s Addendum, and Heather Morrison on the Canadian Library Association’s (CLA) Task Force on Open Access. The presentations were followed by a one–hour workshop, with about 50 participants including librarians from Canada and elsewhere, publishers, and others. Workshop exercises, designed for the expert audience anticipated at the First International PKP Scholarly Publishing Conference, were developed to elicit a broad overview of open access initiatives underway, issues and barriers to open access, and solutions to overcome them. Participants reported being engaged in a wide variety of open access initiatives, from OA publishing and institutional repositories to a recent commitment to devote a percentage of a university budget to OA. Two solutions the workshop participants saw as key for open access were finding a funding solution (possibly re–deploying collections and acquisitions budgets or earmarking grants funds for knowledge transfer), and branding repositories as containing trustable material. The workshop portion could have been expanded considerably, to a half or full day. Results of the workshop will help to inform the work of the CLA Task Force on Open Access.
Partners in science: OJS, a collaborative researchers' workbench and an open repository
Authors: Van Wesenbeeck Astrid , Van Luijt Martin
Published: May 2013

Not Available
You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults
Authors: Bumgarner Brett A.
Published: May 2013

The social networking site Facebook has become an inescapable phenomenon for college students, but little systematic research has studied why these students use Facebook. I conducted an online survey among Facebook users at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N = 1,049) to examine why they use Facebook and how it fulfills their needs. The most prevalent use of Facebook was as a social activity – students reported using Facebook with friends to view and discuss other people’s profiles. Essentially, Facebook appears to operate primarily as a tool for the facilitation of gossip.
What open access research can do for Wikipedia
Authors: Willinsky John
Published: May 2013

This study examines the degree to which Wikipedia entries cite or reference research and scholarship, and whether that research and scholarship is generally available to readers. Working on the assumption that where Wikipedia provides links to research and scholarship that readers can readily consult, it increases the authority, reliability, and educational quality of this popular encyclopedia, this study examines Wikipedia’s use of open access research and scholarship, that is, peer-reviewed journal articles that have been made freely available online. This study demonstrates among a sample of 100 Wikipedia entries, which included 168 sources or references, only two percent of the entries provided links to open access research and scholarship. However, it proved possible to locate, using Google Scholar and other search engines, relevant examples of open access work for 60 percent of a sub-set of 20 Wikipedia entries. The results suggest that much more can be done to enrich and enhance this encyclopedia’s representation of the current state of knowledge. To assist in this process, the study provides a guide to help Wikipedia contributors locate and utilize open access research and scholarship in creating and editing encyclopedia entries.
Five heuristics for designing and evaluating Web-based communities
Authors: Gallant Linda M. , Boone Gloria M. , Heap Austin
Published: May 2013

From a three-step analysis of online communities, a set of five heuristics emerged: interactive creativity; selection hierarchy; identity construction; rewards and costs; and, artistic forms. These heuristics were generated from concepts appearing in past research, and then tested by a content analysis with focus groups using the case examples of two well-developed Web-based communities, Facebook and MySpace. The users saw this type of social technology as a flexible form of their own expression to create their own identities, social relationships, and meanings. Overall, MySpace was seen as offering greater creativity and artistic form than Facebook. The users in this study used online communities for gaining social rewards; e.g., forming and maintaining friendships, with little concern for social costs such as time expended or privacy concerns. This study contributes to a set of heuristics that can be used to evaluate other Web-based online communities in social contexts such as gaming, communities of practice, and business.
The interaction between technologies and society: Lessons learned from 160 evolutionary years of online news services
Authors: Nguyen An
Published: May 2013

In mapping the evolutionary process of online news and the socio-cultural factors determining this development, this paper has a dual purpose. First, in reworking the definition of “online communication”, it argues that despite its seemingly sudden emergence in the 1990s, the history of online news started right in the early days of the telegraphs and spread throughout the development of the telephone and the fax machine before becoming computer-based in the 1980s and Web-based in the 1990s. Second, merging macro-perspectives on the dynamic of media evolution by DeFleur and Ball-Rokeach (1989) and Winston (1998), the paper consolidates a critical point for thinking about new media development: that something technically feasible does not always mean that it will be socially accepted and/or demanded. From a producer-centric perspective, the birth and development of pre-Web online news forms have been more or less generated by the traditional media’s sometimes excessive hype about the power of new technologies. However, placing such an emphasis on technological potentials at the expense of their social conditions not only can be misleading but also can be detrimental to the development of new media, including the potential of today’s online news.
The library: A distinct local voice?
Authors: Lyons Charles
Published: May 2013

Librarians collaborating with their patrons and using technology to tap deeper into the reservoirs of local knowledge within their communities? Creating and becoming active participants in locally-focused online communities, blogs and wikis? Leveraging local search engines and creating their own customized locally-focused search engines? Libraries mapping information relevant to their communities? The librarian as local expert specializing in the hyper-local content not captured elsewhere? It may not be the norm, but it’s already happening. This paper examines the library’s place as a local information provider — highlighting local activities that libraries are currently involved in and suggesting some ways that libraries can become better recognized as places to turn for local information. The convergence of a few factors make this topic timely:
Libraries are well-positioned as community-focused institutions that have a history of helping preserve, organize and promote access to local information.
The importance of and demand for local information seems to be growing.
The Internet is becoming more “place-conscious,” enabling improved ways for disseminating and accessing local information.
Video, education and open content: Notes toward a new research and action agenda
Authors: Kaufman Peter B.
Published: May 2013

This paper puts forward some ideas about the new energies now visible at the intersection of moving images, education, and open content. It provides an outline for a strategic research and action agenda for the academy, librarians, curators, producers, distributors, and others stakeholders — including those focused on open content — in this curious age of YouTube.
Open source athletes
Authors: Görling Stefan
Published: May 2013

The open source development model has often been treated by academic research as a new and unique model of production, fundamentally differing from previous known and accepted economic models. This paper explores a possible metaphor between open source and athletics as a way to increase our understanding of the open source phenomenon.
Open source development has a great similarity of amateur and professional athletics. Properties such as the importance of a community, sportsmanship and fair play are important in both areas. By comparing open source developers (OSD) with athletes, we see that many commonly regarded unique features of OSD may already be existent in other parts of our economy. A greater understanding and previous research of business models, coaching and motivation in athletics might therefore provide useful models of explanation in the field of open source research as well.
A practical model for analyzing long tails
Authors: Kilkki Kalevi
Published: May 2013

This article provides a simple formula and a practical methodology for analyzing long tails. The same model can be applied to topics as diverse as books, search phrases, size of companies, and geographical distribution of populations. This article makes it possible for anyone to utilize the long tail concept not only as a general idea, but also as a tool to make realistic and useful analyses of real phenomena.
Public libraries, public access computing, FOSS and CI: There are alternatives to private philanthropy
Authors: Stevenson Siobhan
Published: May 2013

In January 2007, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) announced its second multi–year technology grant program for America’s public libraries. The purpose of Phase II, Keeping communities connected: The next step is to help public libraries sustain the public access computing infrastructure laid down during Phase I. Now, as then, the goal of the program is to bridge the digital divide. But it is a digital divide as defined by Bill Gates and not the public library community. Situating Gates’ philanthropy within a critical policy frame, this paper considers two alternatives to Gates’ problem definition of the digital divide, and how knowledge of these might benefit those communities served by public access computing (PAC) services as found in public libraries. The two specific alternatives considered come from the Free Software Foundation (FSF), and Community Informatics (CI). Significantly, both social movements promote the potential of free and open software as an important part of any solution. Finally, the public library literature is reviewed for patterns in the community’s use of FOSS, and the argument is made for its use in the delivery of PAC services.
Methodologies for mapping the political blogosphere: An exploration using the IssueCrawler research tool
Authors: Bruns Axel
Published: May 2013

This paper explores methodologies for using the IssueCrawler research tool to map the interconnections of individual blogs in sections of the blogosphere. It uses the case of Australian–born Guantanamo detainee David Hicks as a case study, mapping the distributed discussions of this case in that part of the Australian blogosphere which is concerned with debating news and politics. Its findings indicate the presence of a strong and sustained engagement with this case by Australian political bloggers, and point to a tendency for discussions to cluster around a handful of sites which are defined by their political orientation. The network maps also suggest a lack of sustained coverage of the case by bloggers outside of Australia, and indicate only limited engagement between bloggers and the mainstream media.
Preface
Authors: Kahin Brian , Jackson Steven J.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Intellectual property and cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Burk Dan L.
Published: May 2013

The development of a new generation of cyberinfrastructure promises to increase and facilitate globally distributed scientific collaboration as well as access to scientific research via computer networks. But the potential for such access and collaboration is subject to concerns regarding the intellectual property rights that will be associated with networked data and with networked collaborative activity. Intellectual property regimes are generally problematic in the practice of science, because scientific research typically assumes practices of openness that may be hampered or obstructed by intellectual property rights. These difficulties are likely to be exacerbated in the context of networked collaboration, where the development and use of intellectual resources will likely be distributed among many researchers in a variety of physical locations, often spanning national boundaries. Such issues may be addressed by a combination of public and private approaches, including amendment of U.S. law to recognize transborder collaborative work, and adoption of clarifying contractual agreements among those who are collaborating via cyberinfrastructure, including cautious adaptation of “viral” licensing from the open source coding community
Economic experiments in internet access markets
Authors: Greenstein Shane
Published: May 2013

Innovation within Internet access markets can be usefully understood through the lens of economic experiments. Economic experiments yield lessons to market participants through market experience. The essay distinguishes between directed and undirected economic experiments. It discusses how spreading of lessons transforms a market. As a lesson becomes common it becomes a part of industry know–how. Further innovations build on that know how, renewing a cycle of experimentation.
Cyberinfrastructure, institutions and sustainability
Authors: Mackie Christopher J.
Published: May 2013

Cyberinfrastructure (CI) projects offer great opportunities for U.S. higher education, but also pose significant, long–term sustainability challenges. This paper suggests four general strategies for overcoming those challenges, and poses a range of questions that CI proponents should consider, in the interests of generating CI that can support global academic leadership while remaining sustainable even after NSF funding completes.
Knowledge commons: The case of the biopharmaceutical industry
Authors: Rai Arti K.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Intellectual property and compatibility standards: A primer
Authors: Simcoe Tim
Published: May 2013

None Available
ICT Standard setting today: A system under stress
Authors: Updegrove Andrew
Published: May 2013

The modern standards development infrastructure is largely the product of the industrial age, and evolved to address the needs of such an economy. The requirements of a world that is increasingly based upon information and communications technology, however, are far different, and include demands for faster standards development, more vulnerability to uncooperative owners of necessary patent claims, and a greater need for universal, global adoption of core–enabling standards. These needs have been partially addressed through several organic developments, such as the proliferation of consortia, the evolution of more detailed intellectual property rights policies, and the passage of the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade Act. But the advent of the Internet and the Web, and the continuing introduction of new ICT–based products and services in ever shorter and more frequent product cycles, are exposing the fact that a system that retains strong roots in the nineteenth century is ill–suited to meet the demands of the twenty–first. In this article, I survey some of the areas of inadequacy inherent in the current system, the ways in which society is being impacted by new standards–dependent technologies, and the situations in which governments may feel called upon to intervene.
Seeking open infrastructure: Contrasting open standards, open source and open innovation
Authors: West Joel
Published: May 2013

None Available
Implementing openness: An international institutional perspective
Authors: Sacha Wunsch–Vincent Sacha , Reynolds Taylor , Wyckoff Andrew
Published: May 2013

The debate on “openness” has tended to focus on standard setting, software copyrights, patent policy and collaborative innovation models – large issues that evoke heated debates that take on a quasi–religious dimension. As these issues start to enter onto the mainstream public policy agenda of many countries, moving these ideas from punditry to policies is not obvious.

But openness also manifests itself in less visible, more tractable issues such as open access to infrastructure, scientific research and use of public data and information — fundamental elements of “cyberinfrastructure.” While perhaps less visible in the public debate, these elements provide lessons on how to implement openness into public policy and outline an ecology for supporting openness. Our experience reveals that it is important to break down the issues into practical elements that bureaucracies can implement, where metrics can be devised that allow dispassionate economic analysis, where divisive issues can be isolated, and where the stakeholders are not so diverse.
Conference Keynote Address
Authors: Wu David
Published: May 2013

None Available
Preserving government and political information: The Web-at-Risk Project
Authors: Glenn Valerie D.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Surveying the digital readiness of institutions
Authors: Russell Ann
Published: May 2013

None Available
Theories and models of and for online learning
Authors: Haythornthwaite Caroline , Andrews Richard , Kazmer Michelle M. , Bruce Bertram C. , Montague Rae-Anne , Preston Christina
Published: May 2013

For many years, discussion of online learning, or e-learning, has been pre-occupied with the practice of teaching online and the debate about whether being online is 'as good as' being offline. The authors contributing to this paper see this past as an incubation period for the emergence of new teaching and learning practices. We see changes in teaching and learning emerging from the nexus of a changing landscape of information and communication technologies, an active and motivated teaching corps that has worked to derive new approaches to teaching, an equally active and motivated learning corps that has contributed as much to how to teach online as they have to how to learn while online, with others, and away from a campus setting. We see the need for, and the emergence of, new theories and models of and for the online learning environment, addressing learning in its ICT context, considering both formal and informal learning, individual and community learning, and new practices arising from technology use in the service of learning. This paper presents six theoretical perspectives on learning in ICT contexts, and is an invitation to others to bring theoretical models to the fore to enhance our understanding of new learning contexts.
Desperately seeking the consumer: Personalized search engines and the commercial exploitation of user data
Authors: Rohle Theo
Published: May 2013

With reference to surveillance studies theory, this paper critically assesses the role of personalized search engines as a mediator between advertisers and users. It first sketches the economic and technical background of online marketing and personalized searches. Then, it engages in an in-depth discussion of two examples of personalized search engines with regard to the data collection process used and the way in which this data is used for advertising purposes. The discussion shows that users' information needs, as well as their personal data, are subject to a growing pressure in terms of commercial exploitation. Essentially, search engines now fulfill the task of translating information needs into consumption needs.
Reputation-based governance
Authors: Picci Lucio
Published: May 2013

Although many have studied various incarnations of Internet-based reputation systems, past analyses have mostly been piecemeal in method and have focused only on market applications. I propose a general "reputation-based governance" framework that has interesting properties and implications. The concept also provides useful insights on the issues of openness (as in "open source" software) and of participative forms of design and production.
The aesthetics of networks: A conceptual approach toward visualizing the composition of the Internet
Authors: Sterpka M.K.
Published: May 2013

Hierarchy is an entrenched social concept. The Internet however, presents the possibility of envisioning social relations as a level or 'flat' configuration. The Internet fosters relationships that are networked, heterogeneous and horizontally distributed. This article contemplates the surface features of networked structures like the Internet by using topographic imagery.
Electronic Cash and Monetary Policy
Authors: Bernkopf Mark
Published: May 2013

An electronic money revolution and an electronic cash revolution are both transferring banking power from governments and banks into the hands of the average citizen.
Putting content onto the Internet
Authors: John Nancy R.
Published: May 2013

This paper addresses several experiments that the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) University Library has undertaken to shape how information is presented on the Internet and to contribute to the quality and quantity of information accessible via the Internet. Four projects were begun under UIC's Great Cities Initiative. This paper describes each project briefly; reviews the significant issues addressed by the development of each project; discusses the future of each project; and identifies areas for other organizations, but especially libraries, to become involved with Internet publishing. The four projects include: a partnership with the Chicago Public Library (CPL) to make information about the Library and the City of Chicago available to eight CPL branches as well as to Internet visitors from more than 30 countries; a pilot project, now under contract, with the United States Department of State to provide State Department information world-wide on a timely basis, resulting in more than 3,000 full-text, fully indexed items distributed via Gopher and the World Wide Web over 300,000 times each month; a project with Pemberton Press to provide selected articles from four print journals, plus tables of content, author's guidelines and other information; and a collaboration with the Illinois State Archives to provide access to specialized databases of interest to genealogists and historians, such as the Federal Land Sales in Illinois.
Book Reviews
Authors: Valauskas Edward J. , John Nancy R
Published: May 2013

Webmastery explained. Reviews of recent books on CGI, Perl and HTML.
Securing the net - The fruits of incompetence
Authors: Lenstra Arjen K.
Published: May 2013

This note reviews the most popular mathematical primitives that are used in current attempts to build secure networks.
On authors' rights in cyberspace: Questioning the need for new international rules on authors' rights in cyberspace
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: May 2013

How will the availability of information over the Internet affect authors and their readers and publishers? Decisions over access to electronic information are being made on national and international levels with little regard for new technologies and their impact on new markets. New regulations may indeed only restrict access to information and impede the application of new technologies by authors and their audiences. Additionally, these legal solutions may only retard the development of more appropriate models for cyberspace.
Lex Networkia: Understanding the Internet community
Authors: Valauskas Edward J.
Published: May 2013

Much of the legal effort regarding the Internet and cyberspace occurs with little regard for the communities that will be most affected by new regulations and treaties. The Internet communities have evolved, over time, to create their own processes for self-regulation and tolerance. Legislative experiments that fail to take into account the nature of the Internet communities and the Internet itself are fundamentally counter-productive.
WebQuest: Using WWW and interactive simulation games in the classroom
Authors: Perrone Corrina , Repenning Alexander , Clark David
Published: May 2013

The World Wide Web is widely considered a successful new media for communication of ideas, a hotbed for commerce, and, more quietly, a new research media that can bring hundreds of gigabytes of useful information to classrooms around the world. However, without a structuring mechanism that allows focus on specific learning domains, the usefulness of the WWW to students is questionable.
The huge information "cyberspace" is, to our children, more like having 500 channels of TV. Surfing the WWW is largely a passive consumer activity, multimedia and java applets notwithstanding. We have found that the effectiveness of the WWW as a learning tool can be significantly increased by combining it with constructive tools. This paper presents WebQuest, a system combining the WWW with the notion of an interactive quest game. Using WebQuest, students not only read information on the WWW, but learn to think critically about it as they use it to construct educational simulation games about the themes of their research. They set up complex worlds containing interesting objects obtained by navigating tricky obstacles and landscapes. These objects are needed to solve a quest, or go on to a new level. This approach offers several learning opportunities to students using the World Wide Web. Students can be players or authors of quest games. As players, students learn by finding websites and forming answers to questions to acquire important objects needed to progress through and finish the game. Authors learn by creating the worlds, formulating challenging yet solvable questions, and providing (or not) helpful hints and clues to lead players to sites on the web that will answer the questions. Both players and authors use the quest game-either by constructing or by playing-to focus their research on the web.

Used by multiple groups in the same classroom, a dialog is started between authors and players, which facilitates reflective learning. Players help authors to understand what works and what doesn't in a learning game; how much information should be given in a clue, which questions are good or bad, and perhaps provide new topic-related websites. In this paper, WebQuest is described, the roles of teachers and students in the classroom are outlined, and we present our initial classroom tests with middle school, high school, and undergraduate students. We conclude with a description of WebQuest's future development.
Bytes of cash: Banking, computing and personal finance
Authors: Philips Jim
Published: May 2013

Notions of banking and finance have gradually changed over the past decade at the personal level, with the increasing spread of personal computers, personal finance software, and online services. Technological advances however have been hindered by administrative inertia in most traditional banks and the lack of accepted national and international policies for the management of digital cash. The radical efficiencies of virtual banking, in the absence of paper records, files, and documents, mean that financial services at both the institutional and personal level will change remarkably in the very near future.
Book Reviews
Authors: Valauskas Edward J.
Published: May 2013

None available.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Valauskas Edward J. , Dyson Esther , Ghosh Rishab Aiyer
Published: May 2013

None available.
Section V: New Teachers and Schools
Authors: Bennett Frederick
Published: May 2013

None available.
Albert Einstein online
Authors: Friedman Steven M.
Published: May 2013

The power of the World Wide Web, it is commonly believed, lies in the vast information it makes available; "Content is king," the mantra runs. This image creates the conception of the Internet as most of us envision it: a vast, horizontal labyrinth of pages which connect almost arbitrarily to each other, creating a system believed to be "democratic" in which anyone can publish Web pages. I am proposing a new, vertical and hierarchical conception of the Web, observing the fact that almost everyone searching for information on the Web has to go through filter Web sites of some sort, such as search engines, to find it. The Albert Einstein Online Web site provides a paradigm for this re-conceptualization of the Web, based on a distinction between the wealth of information and that which organizes it and frames the viewers' conceptions of the information. This emphasis on organization implies that we need a new metaphor for the Internet; the hierarchical "Tree" would be more appropriate organizationally than a chaotic "Web." This metaphor needs to be changed because the current one implies an anarchic and random nature to the Web, and this implication may turn off potential Netizens, who can be scared off by such overwhelming anarchy and the difficulty of finding information.
Eight Internet search engines compared
Authors: Peterson Richard E.
Published: May 2013

Compares search performance and special features of eight robotic Internet search engines, which use a Web robot to retrieve a significant number of documents from the World Wide Web.
Book Reviews
Authors: Valauskas Edward J. , Ertel Monica
Published: May 2013

Help in finding the right program, fact, or topic on the Internet.
Intelligent Software Agents on the Internet: Chapters 4-5
Authors: Hermans Bjorn
Published: May 2013

None Available
Internet in Serbia: From Dark Side of the Moon to the Internet Revolution
Authors: Pantic Drazen
Published: May 2013

This is close look to the Internet situation in Serbia, from within an organization, Radio B92, that offers Internet access. The general attitude of the Serbian public towards Internet has evolved through all the expected stages, from ignorance to worship to finally the status as a tool for spreading tolerant sensibility in the society.
A New Media Tells Different Stories
Authors: Giussani Bruno
Published: May 2013

How does the Internet affect journalism? The Internet will not replace journalism and the media but provide a new channel of communication in parallel to the more traditional print forms. Multi-dimensional online newspapers will give journalists the opportunity to write to diverse audiences without concerns for space and length of text. This diversity will parallel an overall increase in diversity in the media. These developments may indeed lead to new kinds of communities emerging, where journalists act as facilitators, enlivening discussion on given topic for different groups in a given community.
Book Reviews.
Authors: Jevec Thomas E.
Published: May 2013

None available.
Data mining solutions and the establishment of a data warehouse: Corporate nirvana for the 21st Century
Authors: Maxwell Christine , Gutowitz Howard
Published: May 2013

Addresses the need to broaden the meaning of data mining and data warehousing to encompass information mining and knowledge retrieval into complex adaptive systems with the business end user in mind.
Shroud of lecturing
Authors: DeLong Stephen E.
Published: May 2013

The Web challenges the authority of the professor in the classroom by democratizing information. It shifts the focus from professor and lecture to student and information. The culture of higher education is likely to be profoundly changed as a result.
Pricing network services: The Case of the Internet
Authors: Nogueira Jose Ricardo , Cavalcanti Jose Carlos
Published: May 2013

This paper examines current hypotheses about Internet accessibility and how it will meet the needs of an increasing audience without decreasing service. A pricing system for the Internet may be sufficiently elastic to reduce congestion and allow for distributional equity.
Fixed fee versus unit pricing for information goods; competition, equilibria, and price wars
Authors: Fishburn Peter C. , Odlyzko Andrew M. , Siders Ryan C.
Published: May 2013

Information goods have negligible marginal costs, and this will create possibilities for novel distribution and pricing methods. The main concern of this paper is with pricing of goods that are likely to be consumed in large quantities by individuals. For example, will software continue to be sold at a fixed price for each unit, or will it be paid for on the basis of usage? There is substantial evidence both from observing marketplace evolution and from surveys that customers overwhelmingly prefer subscription pricing. It turns out that even if we ignore this factor, per-use pricing is not a clear winner, and therefore when the preference effect is taken into account, subscription pricing is likely to dominate.
We model competitive pricing between two companies that supply essentially equivalent services (such as movies or word processing software). One company charges a fixed fee per unit, while the other charges on a per-use basis. Each is interested in maximizing its revenue. We consider instances of the models that have stable competitive equilibria between suppliers along with situations that are unstable and, in the absence of collusion, lead to ruinous price wars.
Efficient Pricing in Data Transmission Networks: The Argentine experience
Authors: Drelichman Mauricio
Published: May 2013

This paper develops a model to reflect the Argentine market for end-user Internet access and draws conclusions on certain aspects of economic efficiency. After the Introduction, the second section, entitled A Simple Model, provides a descriptive analysis of the market and its related industry, deriving a stylized technology and setting up a basic model. The third part of the paper, An Application to the Argentine Market, applies the model to Argentina, while the fourth section, Lessons from a Linear Demand Case, examines the results of the model under certain conditions. The model and the linear demand case are fully developed in the Appendix.
What's the Right Economics for Cyberspace?
Authors: Goldhaber Michael H.
Published: May 2013

DigMaster is an online experiment in the publication of archaeological materials. The intent is to test whether electronic publishing will meet several needs of the archaeological community, including a more robust presentation of archaeological data, prompt publication, and collaboration between researchers working on related excavation projects.
WebMonitor: a Tool for Measuring World-Wide Web Server Performance
Authors: Almeida Jussara M. , Almeida Virgilio , Yates David J.
Published: May 2013

Server performance has become a crucial issue for improving the overall performance of the World-Wide Web. This paper describes WebMonitor, a tool for evaluating and understanding server performance, and presents new results for realistic workloads.
WebMonitor measures activity and resource consumption, both within the kernel and in HTTP processes running in user space. WebMonitor is implemented using an efficient combination of sampling and event-driven techniques that exhibit low overhead. Our initial implementation is for the Apache World-Wide Web server running on the Linux operating system. We demonstrate the utility of WebMonitor by measuring and understanding the performance of a Pentium-based PC acting as a dedicated WWW server. Our workloads use file size distributions with a heavy tail. This captures the fact that Web servers must concurrently handle some requests for large audio and video files, and a large number of requests for small documents, containing text or images.
Our results show that in a Web server saturated by client requests, up to 90% of the time spent handling HTTP requests is spent in the kernel. These results emphasize the important role of operating system implementation in determining Web server performance. It also suggests the need for new operating system implementations that are designed to perform well when running on Web servers.