bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Key Iron Metabolism-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: chen yu
Published: August 2021

Background： The present study explored the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of iron metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their potential impact on prognosis of HCC patients. Methods：RNA-seq data and clinical information of HCC samples and normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) portal. Iron metabolism-related genes were downloaded from Reactome database and AmiGo2 database. Differential expression and correlation analysis were performed to identify iron metabolism-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to screen the possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of HCC. Results: A total of 20 differentially expressed and iron metabolism-related genes (DEIMRG) were identified by overlapping 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 86 IMRGs. Next, ARHGAP11B, LINC00205, LINC00261 and SNHG12 were screened through Univariate Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that ARHGAP11B, LINC00205, LINC00261 and SNHG12 were related to overall survival (OS) in HCC patient in TCGA database. ARHGAP11B, LINC00205 and LINC00261 were finally identified as prognostic DEIMRGs related with OS of HCC patients after validate the survival results in ICGC portal. ARHGAP11B, LINC00205 and LINC00261 all achieved an AUC value of >0.80 in ROC curve analysis. Furthermore, LINC00205 was identified as independently prognostic factor by multivariate Cox analysis combined with clinicopathological factors. Moreover, a ceRNA network including 25 DEmRNAs, 15 DEmiRNA and 3 DElncRNAs was successfully constructed, based on prognostic DElncRNAs and key target miRNAs and mRNAs of them predicted by starBase database and miRwalk. The PPI network illustrated that CDC25A, CHEK1, CCNE2 and ANLN proteins interact more with other proteins. Conclusions: In the present study, we identified iron metabolism related LINC00205 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and constructed a metabolism-related ceRNA network, which may contribute to the treatment of HCC.
Expanding the Chemical Space of Aryloxy-naphthoquinones as Potential Anti-chagasic Agents: Synthesis and Trypanosomicidal Activity
Authors: Becerra Nohemí A. , Espinosa-Bustos Christian , Vázquez Karina , Rivera Gildardo , Paulino Margot , Cantero Jorge , Nogueda Benjamín , Chacón-Vargas Fabiola , Castillo-Velazquez Uziel , Rodríguez Ana F. Elizondo , Toledo Sofía , Moreno-Rodríguez Adriana , Aranda Mario , salas cristian osvaldo
Published: August 2021

In continuation our effort to research the chemical space of aryloxy-naphthoquinones as potential anti-Chagas agents, we synthesized nine derivatives and these compounds were evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Mexican strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Most of these derivatives are highly active against epimastigote forms (IC50 < 1.0 µM) compared to the reference drug benznidazole (Bzn). Then these were evaluated on trypomastigotes, which is showing better potency results than Bzn for compounds 3b and 3g. In addition, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was determined on the murine macrophage cell line J774. 3b and 3i were the most selective compounds against NINOA trypomastigote and INC-5 epimastigote forms, respectively. Further these compounds also have good oral bioavailability according to theoretical predictions. Finally, we were able to determine optimal substitution patterns using pharmacophoric models. All these results are provided very useful structural information to continue our designing of naphthoquinone derivatives against T. cruzi.
Platelet Toll-like Receptor 4-related Innate Immunity Potentially Participates in Transfusion Reactions Independent of ABO Compatibility: An ex Vivo Study
Authors: Tsai Chien-Sung , Hu Mei-Hua , Hsu Yung-Chi , Huang Go-Shine
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The role of platelet TLR4 in transfusion reactions remains unclear. This study analyzed platelet TLR4, certain DAMPs, and the effect of ABO compatibility on TLR4 expression after a simulated transfusion ex vivo.Methods: Donor red blood cells were harvested from a blood bank. Recipient blood from patients undergoing cardiac surgery was processed to generate a washed platelet suspension. Donor blood was added to the washed platelets at 1%, 5%, or 10% (v/v). Blood mixing experiments were performed using four groups: 0.9% saline control group (n = 31); M, matched blood type mixing (n = 20); S, uncross-matched ABO type-specific mixing (n = 20); and I, ABO incompatible blood mixing (n = 20). Platelet TLR4 expression was determined after blood mixing. Levels of TLR4-binding DAMPs (HMGB1, S100A8, S100A9, and SAA) and that of LPS-binding protein and endpoint proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the TLR4 signaling pathway were evaluated.Results: The 1%, 5%, and 10% blood mixtures significantly increased TLR4 expression in three groups (M, S, and I; all P < 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. TLR4 expression did not significantly differ among the three groups (P = 0.148). HMGB1, S100A8, and S100A9 showed elevated levels in response to blood mixing; SAA, LPS-binding protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 did not. Conclusion: Blood mixing may elicit innate immune responses by upregulating platelet TLR4 and DAMPs unassociated with ABO compatibility, suggesting that innate immunity through TLR4-mediated signaling may induce transfusion reactions. The trial was retrospectively registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045606) with date of registration on 19 April 2021.
Entropy Analysis and Thermal Characteristics of Reiner Philippoff Hybrid Nanofluidic Flow Via a Parabolic Trough of Solar Aircraft Wings: Keller Box Method
Authors: Sajid Tanveer , Jamshed Wasim , Shahzad Faisal , Eid Mohamed R. , Akgül Esra Karataş , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: August 2021

Solar energy is about the study of solar radiations and a method to enhance the efficacy of solar aircrafts with the utilization of solar radiations and nanotechnology. Solar radiations has been considered a heat source. The heat transmission performance of the wings is scrutinized for the situation of various effects like thermal radiations, heat generation, variant thermal conductance, thermal conductivity, and viscidness dissipative flow. Entropy generation analysis has been carried out in the status of Reiner Philippoff nanofluid (RPNF). The performance of the solar aircraft wings (SACW) improves in relations of thermal transmission for the status of amplification in thermal radiation, heat generation, viscidness dissipative flowing, and thermal conductivity parameters.
Application of a New Anatomic Hook-rod-pedicle Screw System in Young Patients With Lumbar Spondylolysis: a Pilot Study
Authors: Li Duanming , Jiang Wei , Peng Baogan
Published: August 2021

Background: Pedicle screw-laminar hook system has strong fixation and is conducive to bone graft fusion for lumbar spondylolysis. However, the current pedicle screw-laminar hook fixation system is not specifically designed for lumbar spondylolysis. Methods: We designed a new anatomic hook-rod-pedicle screw system for young patients with lumbar spondylolysis. The isthmus and the corresponding pedicle screw entry point were exposed through intermuscular approach. Autogenous iliac bone graft was obtained to bridge the isthmus defect, and then anatomic hook-rod-pedicle screw system was used to fix the isthmus in 15 young patients. Results: At 24 months follow-up, the Visual analogue scale (VAS) score of low back pain decreased from 6.73 ± 0.88 to 0.73 ± 0.59, and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) score decreased from 58.20 ± 8.99 to 7.87 ± 4.97. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral isthmic bone healing in 14 cases and unilateral isthmic bone healing in 1 case. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the lumbar disc signal of diseased segment and adjacent segments had no change compared with that before surgery. The pain VAS score of donor site was 0.20±0.41 at the last follow-up. According to Macnab score, the excellent and good rate was 100%.Conclusions: The application of this new anatomical hook-rod-pedicle screw system to treat young patients with lumbar spondylolysis has the advantages of less trauma, simple operation and satisfactory clinical effects.
Begomovirus Caboniensis: a New Bipartite Begomovirus Isolated From Cnidoscolus Urens in Brazil
Authors: Chaves Lívia Francyne Gomes , Ferro Mayra M.M. , de Lima Mayara O. , Assunção Iraildes P. , Lima Gaus S.A. , Silva Sarah J.C. da
Published: August 2021

A novel bipartite begomovirus infecting Cnidoscolus urens (Euphorbiaceae) from Pernambuco State, Brazil has been characterized. The complete DNA-A (2657 to 2692 nt) and DNA-B (2622 nt) components of the viral isolates showed a typical genome organization of New World bipartite begomoviruses. DNA-A of the isolates had the highest percentage of nucleotide identity (88.6–88.9%) with the Cnidoscolus mosaic leaf deformation virus (NC_038982). Based on the current classification criteria for the genus Begomovirus, a new member infecting C. urens was reported, and the name Begomovirus caboniensis was proposed for these viruses, adopting the standardized binomial system.
Spreading of Disturbances in Realistic Models of Transmission Grids: Dependence on Topology, Inertia and Heterogeneity
Authors: Nnoli Kosisochukwu P. , Kettemann Stefan
Published: August 2021

The energy transition towards more renewable energy resources (RER) profoundly affects the frequency dynamics and stability of electrical power networks. Here, we investigate systematically the effect of reduced grid inertia, due to an increase in the magnitude of RER, its heterogeneous distribution and the grid topology on the propagation of disturbances in realistic power grid models. These studies are conducted with the DigSILENT PowerFactory software. By changing the power generation at one central bus in each grid at a specific time, we record the resulting frequency transients at all buses. Plotting the time of arrival (ToA) of the disturbance at each bus versus the distance from the disturbance, we analyse its propagation throughout the grid. While the ToAs are found to be distributed, we confirm a tendency that the ToA increases with geodesic distance linearly. Thereby, we can measure an average velocity of propagation by fitting the data with a ballistic equation. This velocity is found to decay with increasing inertia. Characterising each grid by its meshedness coefficient, we find that the distribution of the ToAs depends in more meshed grids less strongly on the grid inertia. In order to take into account the inhomogeneous distribution of inertia, we introduce an effective distance reff, which is weighted with a factor which strongly depends on local inertia. We find that this effective distance is more strongly correlated with the ToAs, for all grids. This is confirmed quantitatively by obtaining a larger Pearson correlation coefficient between ToA and reff than with r. Remarkably, a ballistic equation for the ToA with a velocity, as derived from the swing equation, provides a strict lower bound for all effective distances reff in all power grids. thereby yielding a reliable estimate for the smallest time a disturbance needs to propagate that distance as function of system parameters, in particular inertia. We thereby conclude that in the analysis of contingencies of power grids it may be advisable that system designers and operators use the effective distance reff, taking into account inhomogeneous distribution of inertia as introduced in Eq. (11), to locate a disturbance. Moreover, our results provide evidence for the importance of the network topology as quantified by the meshedness coefficient β.
High Intraoperative Pulse Pressure Is A Risk Factor For A Postoperative Organ Injury In A Cohort of Abdominal Surgery Patients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Putowski Zbigniew , Czajka Szymon , Krzych Łukasz J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Both intraoperative hypotension and hypertension have been reported to increase the occurrence of either acute kidney injury (AKI), myocardial infraction (MI) or stroke. However, intraoperative pulse pressure’s (PP) impact on the latter complications remains relatively unknown.Methods: This is a cohort study in which patients who underwent abdominal surgery between 1 October 2018 and 15 July 2019 in university hospital in Katowice were included in the analysis. Pre- and intraoperative data, including blood pressure measurements, were acquired via medical charts. Several PP thresholds were applied: >50, >55, >60, >65, >70, >75, >80, >85, >90 mmHg. Additionally, by analysing the maximal PP during procedures, a cut-off point for the occurrence of outcomes was estimated. Postoperative complications were defined as occurrence of either AKI, MI or stroke. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess PP’s relationship with hypoperfusive organ injury.Results: 508 patients were included in the analysis. Hypoperfusion was present in 38 (7.5%) cases. ROC curve analysis estimated a cut-off point of > 74 mmHg of maximal PP to be associated with the outcomes. PP values above 65 mmHg onward were included in the multivariable statistical models. A model in which PP > 90 mmHg (OR=4.21; 95%CI 1.73-10.24; p=0.0015) was included, had the best predicting value in predicting hypoperfusive injury. Apart of PP, intraoperative hypotension, presence of chronic arterial hypertension and procedure duration were independently associated with postoperative complications. Conclusions: High intraoperative pulse pressure may be associated with the occurrence of hypoperfusion-related organ injury. However, the effect of high pulse pressure should be confirmed in other non-cardiac populations to prove generalizability of our results.
Habitat disturbance Linked with Host Microbiome Dispersion and Bd Dynamics in Temperate Amphibians
Authors: Neely Wesley James , Greenspan Sasha E , Stahl Leigha M , Heraghty Sam D , Marshall Vanessa M , Atkinson Carla L , Becker Carlos Guilherme
Published: August 2021

Anthropogenic habitat disturbances can dramatically alter ecological community interactions, including host-pathogen dynamics. Recent work has highlighted the potential for habitat disturbances to alter host-associated microbial communities, but the associations between anthropogenic disturbance, host microbiomes, and pathogens are unresolved. Amphibian skin microbial communities are particularly responsive to factors like temperature, physiochemistry, pathogen infection, and environmental microbial reservoirs. Through a field survey on wild populations of Acris crepitans (Hylidae) and Lithobates catesbeianus (Ranidae), we assessed effects of habitat disturbance on environmental bacterial resevoirs, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection, and skin microbiome composition. We found higher measures of microbiome dispersion (a measure of community stability) in A. crepitans from more disturbed ponds, supporting the hypothesis that disturbance increases stochasticity in biological communties. We also found that habitat disturbance limited microbiome similarity between locations for both species, suggesting less bacterial exchange in more disturbed areas. Higher disturbance was associated with lower Bd prevalence for A. crepitans, which could signify suboptimal microclimates for Bd in disturbed habitats. In this system we use microbiome dispersion as a metric of population health. Combined, our findings show that reduced microbiome stability stemming from habitat disturbance could compromise population health, even in the absence of pathogenic infection.
Comparison Study of Elastic, Physical and Structural Properties for Strontium Oxide and Manganese Oxide in Borotellurite Glasses for High Strength Glass Application
Authors: NIDZAM NAZIRUL NAZRIN SHAHROL , Kamari Halimah Mohamed Mohamed , Sukari Muhammad Syaamil Mohd , Alauddin Fatin Azira Mohamad , Laoding Hasnimulyati , Boukhris Imed , Hann Sin Wei
Published: August 2021

In this research the melt quenching technique method was used to synthesize two series of borotellurite glass systems doped with manganese and strontium. Elastic measurement, X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared glass samples. The increment of molar volume confirmed the theory that molar volume is inversely proportional to the density parameters. A broad hump appeared in XRD as the samples shown pure amorphous nature. In FTIR, the functional group vibrations of tellurite network were recorded such as TeO4 trigonal bipyramids and TeO3 trigonal pyramids by addition of both dopants. On the other hand, ultrasonic velocity was used to determine the elastic moduli of the glass such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal modulus, Young’s Modulus, microhardness and Poisson’s ratio which showed decreasing and increasing trends with the increased concentration of MnO2 and SrO respectively.
The Analysis of the Intraoperative Complications During the Transitional Period from In-patient Cataract Surgery to Ambulatory Day Surgery
Authors: Shaochong Bu , Xiao-Rong Li , Shaozhen Zhao , Mengran Li , Qing Feng , Gao Fei , Ruibo Yang , Tian Fang
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To report the incidence of posterior capsular rupture (PCR) of phacoemulsification and the contributing factors during the transitional period from in-patient model to ambulatory day surgery model. Method: The medical records and intraoperative complication reports were systemically reviewed during the period of August 2015 to October 2020. The PCR rate was analyzed according to the following factors: type of surgery (day surgery vs. in-patient surgery), gender, age, surgery performed in the month containing long holiday (Chinese New Year and National day), surgery performed in the first month of the residents’ rotation, increase of surgical volume comparing to the previous month, stage of the day surgery transition and whether it was before or after the implementation of safety recommendation based on clinical audit results in January 2018. The univariable logistic regression model was initially performed.Results: Within the study period, 29 493 cases of phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled in the study, 14 451 of them were performed as day surgery while 15 042 of them were inpatient surgery. The overall incidence of PCR was 1.17% (346 cases) among the 29 493 planned phacoemulsification surgery. The increase incidence of PCR was associated with older age and male gender. The incidence of PCR decreased significantly after the implementation of safety recommendations. Conclusion: The ambulatory day surgery for cataract patients could provide safe, efficient, and quality services. During the transitional period from in-patient to day surgery, careful planning and organization with dynamic clinical audit surveillance can further reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications, especially intraoperative PCR.
MiR-29b suppresses peritoneal metastases through inhibition of the mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Ohzawa Hideyuki , Miyato Hideyo , Kaneko Yuki , Takahashi Kazuya , Tojo Mineyuki , Yamaguchi Hironori , Kurashina Kentaro , Saito Shin , Hosoya Yoshinori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro , Kitayama Joji , Saito Akira
Published: August 2021

Background: Peritoneal dissemination is a major metastatic pathway for gastrointestinal and ovarian malignancies. The miR-29b family is downregulated in peritoneal fluids in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM). We examined the effect of miR-29b on mesothelial cells (MC) which play critical a role in the development of PM through mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT).
Methods: Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated from surgically resected omental tissue and MMT induced by stimulation with 10 ng/ml TGF-b1. MiR-29b mimics and negative control miR were transfected by lipofection using RNAiMAX and the effects on the MMT evaluated in vitro.
Results: HPMC produced substantial amounts of miR-29b which was markedly inhibited by TGF-b1. TGF-b1 stimulation of HPMC induced morphological changes with decreased expression of E-cadherin and calretinin, and increased expression of vimentin and fibronectin. TGF-b1 also enhanced proliferation and migration of HPMC as well as adhesion of tumor cells in a fibronectin dependent manner. However, all events were strongly abrogated by simultaneous transfection of miR-29b.
Conclusion: MiR-29b inhibits TGF-b1 induced MMT and replacement of miR-29b in the peritoneal cavity might be effective to prevent development of PM partly through the effects on MC.
Kinetic studies relating to the accelerated expansion of the Universe
Authors: Zhang Wei , Deng Cheng
Published: August 2021

After taking into account the mass loss of galaxies and stars at the cosmic scale, the speed and acceleration of the accelerating expansion of the Universe are derived from general relativity and Newtonian mechanics, as respectively. The physical significance of the Hubble constant is proved to be the average of the masses ejected per second per unit mass in the observed range, and it is shown that the accelerated expansion of the universe doesn’t require dark energy
Palmöl in der EFTA-Indonesien Wirtschaftspartnerschaft
Authors: Sieber-Gasser Charlotte
Published: August 2021

Den EFTA-Staaten ist in den Verhandlungen über eine Wirtschaftspartnerschaft mit Indonesien scheinbar Bahnbrechendes gelungen: Zum ersten Mal weltweit macht ein Handelsabkommen präferenzielle Zölle abhängig von der Art und Weise, wie ein Rohstoff produziert worden ist. Der — theoretische — ökonomische Anreiz zur nachhaltigen Produktion überwindet damit das Verbot in den WTO-Abkommen, zwischen nachhaltig und konventionell produzierten Waren zu unterscheiden. Allerdings zeigt ein näherer Blick, dass die gewährten Präferenzen keinen nennenswerten ökonomischen Wert besitzen. Dass diese Tatsache im Abstimmungskampf nicht offengelegt wurde, wirft Fragen auf: Was ist der Wert der Palmöl-Vereinbarung in der EFTA-Indonesien Wirtschaftspartnerschaft? Hat der Bundesrat seine Pflichten verletzt, indem er unvollständig über den Umfang des ökonomischen Anreizes zur nachhaltigen Palmölproduktion informiert hat? Dieser Beitrag verortet Handlungsbedarf in Bezug auf die Überwindung des Informationsvorsprungs der Bundesverwaltung gegenüber der Legislative im Meinungsbildungsprozess über internationale Handelsabkommen. 
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Les États de l'AELE ont en apparence réalisé un exploit dans les négociations sur un partenariat économique avec l'Indonésie : pour la première fois au monde, un accord commercial fait dépendre l’octroi de tarifs préférentiels à la manière dont une matière première a été produite. Cette incitation économique - théorique - en faveur de la production durable permet ainsi de surmonter l'interdiction faite par les accords de l'OMC d'établir une distinction entre les biens produits de manière durable et ceux produits de manière conventionnelle. Toutefois, un examen plus approfondi montre que les avantages accordés n'ont aucune valeur économique appréciable. Le fait que cela n'ait pas été divulgué lors de la campagne référendaire soulève des questions : quelle est la valeur de l'accord sur l'huile de palme dans le cadre du partenariat économique AELE-Indonésie ? Le Conseil fédéral a-t-il violé ses devoirs en ne fournissant que des informations incomplètes sur l'ampleur de l'incitation économique à la production durable d'huile de palme ? Cet article identifie la nécessité d'agir pour surmonter l'avantage en matière d’information que possède l'administration fédérale sur législateur dans le processus de formation de l'opinion à propos des accords commerciaux internationaux.
Mediation in the criminal process of Ukraine: prospects for legislation
Authors: Sadruk O.M. , Tyshchenko O.I.
Published: August 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the mediation process as an attempt to reach a voluntary understanding (reconciliation) between the victim and the offender to compensate for material and moral damage through impartial, prepared for resolution of the conflict between the person and the mediator. The paper examines the concept of "mediation", the need for its introduction in national legislation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure, which are observed in the experience of foreign countries. The international legal acts containing norms on mediation, the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the draft law "On mediation" are analyzed. The views of scholars and judges on the feasibility of legislative regulation of mediation in Ukraine have been studied. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the conciliation agreement are analyzed and certain changes to the mentioned provisions are proposed, in particular, the separation of such a subject of conflict resolution as a mediator. Conclusions and proposals aimed at improving criminal procedural legislation have been formulated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the basic principles of mediation, the scope of its application, the range of criminal proceedings in which mediation is possible, the requirements for mediators and the conditions for acquiring the status of a mediator, the legal status of a mediator are required. Moreover, they proposed their own views on enshrining certain provisions related to mediation in the legislation for the effective operation of the mediation institution. Because it is no coincidence that mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes is developed in international practice and it is justified that the European community pays considerable attention to mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes in various spheres of society.
PRAGMALINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDAGOGICAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE)
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, GORBACHEVA ELENA N. , FOKINA JULIA M. ,   Astrakhan State University, KALENDR ALLA A. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The analysis of pragmatic characteristics of linguistic means, manifesting democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication, is carried out. The material of the research was the original scripts of the feature films "Dead Poets Society" ("Society of Dead Poets", 1989) and "Mona Lisa Smile" ("Mona Lisa's smile", 2003). The following research methods such as conceptual analysis, interpretive analysis and pragmassemantic analysis were used. The aim of the work is to study the pragmalinguistic characteristics of pedagogical communication styles. The topic of the work seems to be relevant, since, on the one hand, there is an increased interest of linguists in the study of various aspects of pedagogical discourse, and on the other hand, pedagogical communication styles have not been sufficiently studied from a pragmalinguistic point of view. The democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication are considered. It has been established that each of them is characterized by a certain set of means, manifesting democracy and authoritarianism at the pragmalinguistic level. The revealed speech acts allow to characterize the communication styles of teachers as democratic or authoritarian. As a result of the analysis of the factual material, markers of the democratic and authoritarian styles of pedagogical communication were revealed. It was found that the democratic style of communication is manifested with the help of speech acts that perform an inspirational (inspirational) function, such as praise, imperatives (calls for value-related actions), declarative (proclamation of certain values); through a speech act of advice as well as a joke. The markers of the authoritarian style of communication include directive speech acts (warnings about punishment, bordering on a threat, requirements for compliance with established rules, orders, prohibitions, recommendations) and a speech act of teaching.
TO THE PROBLEM OF SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANDARD LEXICAL UNITS OF MEDICAL ORIENTATION
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, GROKHOVSKAYA IRINA A.
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the classification of substandard lexical units of medical orientation in English and Russian from the point of their semantic significance. The study is based on the materials of the most authoritative English-speaking and Russian-speaking substandard lexicographic sources. The classification and standardization of medical terminology is currently receiving close attention both from the professional medical community and from the point of linguistic science. The classification of medical vocabulary and, in particular, medical terminology is presented in domestic and foreign scientific from a position of the morphological and syntactic structure and according to the methods of word formation. The problems of medical terminology are discussed in detail in the works of B. Dennis, A.I. Rudova, M.N. Chernyavsky and others, however, the studies conducted did not affect the vocabulary of the substandard level. In this regard, it is advisable to expand and supplement the proposed classifications taking into account the extensive language layer of non-standard vocabulary.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CASE METHOD IN FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY APPROACH IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO ADULTS
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, TUIGUNOVA IRINA R.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the ways of implementation of the case-method in teaching English at the courses of further education for adults. Using case-method allows to implement the principles of functional approach in teaching foreign languages and to imitate a true-to-life everyday or professional problem situation. On the base of a case-situation a teacher can make up a set of language and communication tasks that help use the resources of the text in a foreign language. The article presents the author's training toolkit including the text of the case, tasks for discussing the problem situation as well as vocabulary, grammar and communicative exercises on a definite theme. The toolkit was tested at the courses for adult students organized by the Academy of foreign languages from A to Z of Astrakhan state university in 2020. The materials presented in this article can be used in teaching English as a foreign language.
THE NATURE OF COLLOCATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, URAZALIEVA AZALIYA R.
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the nature of collocations in French. Collocations that have the features of a syntactically and semantically integral unit are a poorly studied linguistic phenomenon. In a broad sense, these are meaningful sequences in the text, that is, a combination of two or more words that tend to occur together. Collocations perform communicative and expressive functions, reflecting the linguistic picture of the world of the people.
COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE MODERN ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, EVTUSHENKO OXANA A.
Published: August 2021

The positive dynamics in the development of the communicative behavior of the leader is due to extralinguistic factors: the country's transitive economic situation, historical past and post-modern conditions. The analysis of examples of administrative managers’ speeches allowed us to come up with a specific scenario according to which the successful implementation of the communicative functions of the leader takes place. The mandatory components are emotionally colored vocabulary, communication, argumentativeness and consistency of presentation, appeal to experience, the prevalence of genres of "conviction" and "motivation", veiling criticism and censure. Based on the analysis of the documentation, some changes were revealed and the conclusion was made that written communication is giving way to oral dialogue mode in the “head-subordinate” pair. Differences in the communicative behavior of the modern leader from the traditional are given: a team-oriented attitude towards subordinates, the use of progressive vocabulary, focus on cooperativity, the use of compliments and communicative repetitions.
“CULTURE” AND “CIVILIZATION”: ACTUAL MEANINGS
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, RESHETNIKOVA NATALYA S. , GORLOVA EKATERINA V. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the main approaches to understanding the designated terms in scientific thought in the second half of the XX - early XXI centuries. Within the framework of modern sociocultural research, on the one hand, national traditions are developing in defining the concepts of "culture" and "civilization", on the other, new connotations are being created. According to the authors of the article, the considered approaches to determining the meanings of the phenomena of culture and civilization are the most significant, revealing the essence of modern society. Culture appears as: an anthropological category, reflecting the creative activity of a person, as an ontological category, suggesting that outside of culture there is no meaningful and meaningful human being; as an axiological category representing a system for storing and transmitting spiritual experience, values and ideals. Civilization acts as a praxeological category that characterizes the level of social and technological development of society, which is characterized by alienation from natural life, the priority of social values over environmental ones, and the transformative-deforming nature of activity.
Antimalarial Drug Discovery: From Quinine to the Most Recent Promising Clinical Drug Candidates
Authors: Tisnerat Camille , Dassonville-Klimpt Alexandra , Gosselet Fabien , Sonnet Pascal
Published: August 2021

Malaria is a tropical threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, resulting in 409,000 deaths in 2019. The delay of mortality and morbidity has been compounded by the widespread of drug resistant parasites from Southeast Asia since two decades. The emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium in Africa, where most cases are accounted, highlights the urgent need for new medicines. In this effort, the World Health Organization and Medicines for Malaria Venture joined to define clear goals for novel therapies and characterized the target candidate profile. This ongoing search for new treatments is based on imperative labor in medicinal chemistry which is summarized here with particular attention to hit-to-lead optimizations, key properties, and modes of action of these novel antimalarial drugs. This review, after presenting the current antimalarial chemotherapy, from quinine to the latest marketed drugs, focuses in particular on recent advances of the most promising antimalarial candidates in clinical and preclinical phases.
Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Between (E)-1,2-Diiodoethene and
Carbazates: Entry to β-Functionalized N-Alkenylcarbazates
Authors: Casault Paméla , Ricard Simon , Daoust Benoit
Published: August 2021

Aims:

This work aims to widen the scope of methodologies to prepare functionalized
N-alkenylcarbazates.

Background:

Alkenylcarbazates are generally prepared via Aza-Baylis-Hillman reactions, nucleophilic
attack on ketones or a tandem carbometallation/amidation reaction of alkynes.

Objective:

The objective of this work is to develop a method to prepare functionalized Nalkenylcarbazates
that alleviates the problem encountered in the above methods (use of electron
deficient alkenes, use of stoiechiometric amounts of metal, access to symmetrical dicarbazates only).

Methods:

Use of copper-catalyzed cross-coupling between vinylic diiodide and carbazates to prepare
functionalized N-alkenylcarbazates.

Results:

Various β-iodovinylcarbazates were synthesized with up to good yields. The highest
yields were obtained using dicarbazates. Functionalization of β-iodovinylcarbazate demonstrated
that the vinyl iodide moiety of these molecules can be substituted by a variety of functional
groups via transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Conclusion:

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction is efficient to prepare functionalized
N-alkenylcarbazates.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antitumor Potential, BSA and DNA Binding
Properties, and Molecular Docking Study of Some Novel 3-Hydroxy-3-
Pyrrolin-2-Ones
Authors: Joksimović Nenad , Petronijević Jelena , Milović Emilija , Janković Nenad , Baskić Dejan , Popović Suzana , Todorović Danijela , Matić Sanja , Vraneš Milan , Tot Aleksandar
Published: August 2021

Background:

In order to make progress in discovering the new agents for cancer treatment
with improved properties and considering the fact that 3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones belong to a
class of biologically active compounds, we tested series of eleven novels 1,5-diaryl-4-(2-
thienylcarbonyl)-3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones for their antitumor potential.

Methods:

All novel compounds were characterized by spectral (IR, NMR, MS) and elemental analysis.
All novel 3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones were screened for their cytotoxic activity on two cancer
cell lines, SW480 and MDA-MB 231, and non-transformed fibroblasts (MRC-5).

Results:

Compounds B8, B9, and B10 showed high cytotoxicity on SW480 cells together with good
selectivity towards MRC-5 cells. It is important to empathize that the degree of selectivity of B8 and
B10 was high (SI = 5.54 and 12.09, respectively). Besides, we explored the mechanisms of cytotoxicity
of novel derivatives, B8, B9, and B10. The assay showed that tested derivatives induce an apoptotic
type of cell death in SW480 cells, with a minor percent of necrotic cells. Additionally, to better
understand the suitability of the compounds for potential use as anticancer medicaments, we studied
their interactions with biomacromolecules (DNA or BSA). The results indicated that the tested compounds
have a great affinity to displace EB from the EB-DNA complex through intercalation. Also,
DNA and BSA molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding mode and the interaction
region of the compounds.

Conclusion:

Achieved results indicate that our compounds have the potential to become candidates
for use as medicaments.
O problema da relação entre o livre-arbítrio humano e a graça/predestinação em Agostinho em diálogo com a Modernidade/Contemporaneidade
Authors: Costa Marcos Nunes
Published: August 2021

One of the most complex issues in St. Augustine's philosophical-religious doctrine is that of the relationship between human free will and divine grace / predestination. This problem has its main expression in the controversy with the Pelagians / semi-Pelagians, who, each in their own way, believed that there is an incompatibility between the two terms. They sought to annul one of the poles of the question, arguing that the human being is free. In addition, they state thatoriginal sin in no way damaged human free will, and that, consequently, the latter can achieve perfection / salvation by his own merits, without the help of divine grace. Augustine, on the contrary, says that with original sin the “first nature” of man was damaged. Thus, human beingneeds the help of divine grace to be able to perform good actions (merits), but Augustine claimed, there is no incompatibility there, conversely, for him, what the human being has lost was the full freedom he enjoyed before sin. Now human being has only free will thatgrace will restore, giving him back his full freedom. Likewise, he argues, predestination does not nullify free will, determining man's destiny. Thus, first, man is a being created by God for himself, with no determinants for evil,and, second, as much as damaged he may be, he is keeps something of his first condition, even the tiniest one. Thus, human being is capable of say no to God's call. These questions will reverberate in the philosophical-religious discourses about the problem in Modernity / Contemporaneity, mainly in Protestant circles, which have intertwined themselves, each in their own way, between the so-called incompatibilities and compatibilities. Both seeking to substantiate their positions, often in St. Augustine. Something that he would not always agree with. Here's what we'll look at in this paper.
Performance of Sugarcane Farming Ratoon System in East Java Province
Authors: Saputro Arief , Hanani Nuhfil , Fahriyah Fahriyah
Published: August 2021

The fulfillment of national sugar consumption needs cannot be achieved by domestic production. Increase sugar cane production to fulfill the availability of sugar in Indonesia, one of which in the central production area of East Java is still constrained by many sugarcane farmers who are doing ratoon system more than three times, so the productivity is low. This study aimed to analyze the performance sugarcane farming ratoon system in East Java by looking at technical efficiency and scale efficiency using the non-parametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Sampling in this study used multistage random sampling in Kediri, Malang, and Mojokerto Districts. The average total technical efficiency (TE CRS) of farmers with 1-3 ratoons is 0.754, the pure technical efficiency (TE VRS) is 0.817, and the scale efficiency is 0.926. The average TE CRS of farmers with 4-6 ratoons is 0.693, TE VRS is 0.814, and the scale efficiency is 0.860. For farmers who do more than seven ratoons, an average TE CRS is 0.609, TE VRS is 0.693, and scale efficiency is 0.894. The majority of sugarcane farmers at the research site have not been on an optimal business scale, namely in IRS conditions.
Hierarchy Analysis, Leading Commodities and Community Participation in Agropolitan Areas in Trenggalek Regency, East Java Province
Authors: Putra Angga , Setiawan Budi , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: August 2021

The agropolitan area in Trenggalek Regency is one of the regional development programs that began in 2006.The objectives of this study are 1) Determining the hierarchical structure of growth and service centers in an agropolitan area, 2) Determining superior commodities that can be developed in an agropolitan area, 3) Knowing perceptions and levels of community participation as well as the factors that influence it in an effort to increase active community participation as the main actor in agropolitan area development. The research location was determined purposively. This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. The analytical methods used in this research are 1) scalogram analysis, 2) Location Quotient / LQ analysis, 3) non-parametric chi-square statistical analysis. Based on the schalogram analysis of villages in the agropolitan area in Trenggalek Regency, it is obtained a hierarchy of regions in the agropolitan area in Trenggalek Regency, so that Tasikmadu, Pule, Jombok and Sumurup Villages are the centers of growth and service centers while the development areas of Karanggandu Village, Prigi, Watulimo, Sawahan, Watuagung, Sidomulyo, Tanggaran, and Dompyong are agropolitan areas. While other development areas, namely the Dukuh, Slawe, Gemaharjo, Pakel, Ngembel, Puyung, Joho, Kembangan, Pakel, Masaran, Sengon, Srabah, Surenlor and Botoputih development areas are hinterland areas. Based on the results of the LQ analysis, the agropolitan area in Trenggalek Regency has 34 (thirteen) commodities that have an LQ value of more than 1: leaves, potatoes, mustard greens, long beans, large chilies, bird's eye chilies, green beans and chayote, c) Fruit crop subsectors: avocado, star fruit, duku, durian, guava, water guava, orange siem, large orange, mangosteen, jackfruit, papaya, rambutan, salak, sapodilla and soursop, d) Sub-sector of plantation crops: Patchouli, sugarcane, cocoa, cloves, coffee, vanilla and cottonwood. The level of public perception towards agropolitan programs is relatively poor. The level of community participation in agropolitan programs is relatively low. The intrinsic factors that have a real influence on the level of participation are income and land area, while the extrinsic factors are socialization, assistance, openness of government, program suitability and benefits. Increasing community participation can be done by improving the factors that have a real influence.
Prenatal Attachment pada Kehamilan Remaja dengan Gangguan Penyesuaian dan Retardasi Mental Berat
Authors:   ) Departemen Psikiatri, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya / Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, Rachma Putri Frilya , Ayu Rahmadianti Mayniar ,   Alumni Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2021

Prenatal attachment is an abstract and unidirectional bond between parents and the fetus that develops during pregnancy. It is closely associated with how the mother utilizes her abilities and knowledge to organize and perform the duties related to her maternal role attainment. We report a case of 15 years old girl admitted to the emergency room with an official request of visum et repertum in January 2018 due to becoming suspected sexual violence victim. The history of present illness revealed a 15 y.o. girl G1P0A0, singleton, at 34-36W Estimated Gestational Age with condyloma acuminata. During her pregnancy, she described relatively negative feelings about her pregnancy including shame, anxiety, and anger. She felt lack of energy and motivation since she became aware of her pregnancy, therefore spent her most of her time on the bed. Her IQ-test showed a profound intelligence rate followed by a total score of Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) 16, and scored low in Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) at 31. We concluded that PA scoring can be utilized as a predictor of mother-infant bonding quality after birth, thus the instrument will be beneficial as initial screening before choosing appropriate management for vulnerable population mother.
International Accounting Standards (IAS). Transition of Existing to New Accounting Standards in a Rapid Changing Environment. The Impact of Adoption of New Accounting Standards in the Developed Economies in European Union. Conclusions, Expectations and Perspectives
Authors: Tabouratzi Efthalia , Katsidis Orestis , Charamis Eleftherios
Published: August 2021

Adopting a set of accounting standards on a global level derives from the growing globalization of international economies. However, the transition from old to new ones is challenging in a rapidly changing economic environment. This article presents an assessment of IFRS 8 (Operating Segments) adoption, after replacing IAS 14 (Segment Reporting), and examines the impact occurred in the developed economies within the EU, with relevant considerations referring to the current COVID-19 global pandemic situation.This study analyzes the effect of this controversial standard on segment reporting and attempts to identify the determinants of changes in disclosure practices. Based on a four country sample, the current research identifies specific significant financial information changes, although segmentation remains relatively stable. Furthermore, the study includes relevant considerations on reporting, as reflected from current COVID-19 pandemic.The present research includes a historical reference to the development of the accounting standards under examination. Conclusions, expectations, and future perspectives are also presented in the paper.