bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of organizing cybersport competitions for female teams
Authors: Yakovenko O.O. , Shynkaruk O.A. , Pinchuk V.M. , Lut I.A. , Kuzmenko D.S. , Kulikov A.K.
Published: December 2024

The problems of organizing esports competitions for women's teams, which are becoming increasingly important in the modern sports environment, are investigated. The specific challenges faced by women in esports are outlined, including gender stereotypes, insufficient media support, financial constraints, and toxic behavior in the gaming environment. The analysis of current trends in esports indicates the importance of creating separate women's tournaments to create an inclusive space that helps to reduce barriers to participation, support newcomers, and professionalize women players.
A comprehensive approach to organizing women's competitions is proposed, including technical, financial, and psychological support, active media coverage of tournaments, and the involvement of sponsors. The author emphasizes the need for long-term investment in developing women's teams, such as providing training resources, scholarships, contracts with sponsors, and mentoring programs. Particular attention is paid to the role of media content that contributes to destroying gender stereotypes, raising the prestige of women's esports, and attracting new participants.
It is confirmed that improving organizational processes, creating a safe environment, and ensuring equal opportunities for all participants will contribute to the sustainable development of women's esports. The proposed recommendations and strategies can be used to develop effective mechanisms for integrating women into the esports industry at the professional level, forming an inclusive and equal ecosystem.
Therapeutic and recreational opportunities of the chernivtsi region using natural resources
Authors: Yachniuk Maksym , Zinchenko Nataliia , Zendyk Olena , Strymbu Yelizavieta
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the current state of the natural therapeutic and recreational potential of the territories of administrative districts of the Chernivtsi region. On the territory of the Chernivtsi region, 80 manifestations of natural mineral waters of different chemical composition and mineralization have been explored. The State Cadastre of Natural Medicinal Resources of Ukraine includes data on twelve types of natural mineral waters. Chernivtsi region has opportunities for the development of sanatorium and rehabilitation treatment. In today's war conditions, rehabilitation is a priority for military personnel, and civilians also need it. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion, this need has become even more acute for the military, so in August 2024, a balneological department was opened at the Chernivtsi Regional Medical Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center of the National Defense Forces of Ukraine, which provides services to both military and civilians. Currently, hydrotherapy is used for therapeutic, preventive and medical rehabilitation purposes. The main factor of this method is the temperature, mechanical, physical, chemical and psychotherapeutic effect on a person. Hydrotherapy is represented by hydrotherapy using fresh water in its pure form with the addition of various substances (essential oils, dry algae, salts, imported therapeutic mud, medicines) and balneotherapy using natural mineral waters. The effect of various chemical ingredients on the human body is specific to each type of mineral water. The effectiveness of balneotherapy depends on the doctor's qualifications, the correctness of the treatment plan, the characteristics and stages of the disease, and the patient's body reactivity. In addition to water treatments, a mineral water pump room was opened. This water contains an increased amount of biologically active minerals that may have special physical and chemical properties that affect the human body. Mineral water contains substances similar to those present in the human body, and its therapeutic effect is to restore the balance of these elements in the body.
ENERGY EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN THE GROWING ORGANISM OF FIRST- AND SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS
Authors: Khimich Igor , Parakhonko Vadym
Published: December 2024

Studying at a university is a complex and lengthy process that requires a lot of effort from all body systems. The first year is a special period: former schoolchildren, accustomed to a certain system, entering a university, face new forms and methods of teaching, new emotional experiences, their work and rest, sleep, and nutrition regimes change. There is a need to adapt to a new team, new teachers. At the same time, the functional abilities of the body of first-year students are reduced, since most of them had to pass important exams and did not have enough summer rest.
One of the most important problems of education in a modern university is the adaptation of students to the academic load. A multi-level functional system of adaptation is formed by the interaction and mutual influence of physiological and psychological components of adaptive reactions. The contribution of each of these components is determined by the ratio of two goals of adaptation - maintaining homeostasis and performing activity tasks. It is known that during the period of study at a university, students are exposed to a number of both non-specific (climatic-geographical, environmental) and specific factors (age, physiological and psychological characteristics, emotional overload, sedentary lifestyle): adaptation to a set of new factors is accompanied by significant stress on the compensatory-adaptive systems of the students' body. These issues are most relevant for maintaining the health of students, as the most active creative part of the nation. Students are a reserve of highly qualified specialists for various sectors of the national economy, determining the labor and intellectual potential of the country, reproduction and health of the future generation in the coming years. The process of adaptation to studying at a university is a very complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The period of acute adaptation, according to many researchers, falls on the first and second years of university. Its duration is determined by the individual characteristics of the student, including abilities, mental attitudes, financial security and, of course, health. The degree of expenditure of physiological and mental resources of the human body to perform specific work, balancing with the external environment is described by the parameters of the current functional state.
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF MICROALGAE – BACTERIA GROWTH CONDITIONS IN SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Amirah Samsudin  , Abdul Halim Amanatuzzakiah , Azlin Suhaida Azmi  , Mohd Nazri Mohd Nawi
Published: December 2024

Microalgae has been widely used for wastewater treatment as wastewater contains nutrients that are essential for microalgal growth. In addition, the co-culture system of microalgae-bacteria was reported to be able to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment compared to microalgae alone. Bacteria help microalgae break down the complex nutrients present in wastewater into simpler compounds, which will be easily assimilated by microalgae. However, to achieve high nutrients (ammonium and phosphorus) and COD removals in wastewater treatment, the optimum growth conditions of both microbes need to be investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate how the selected factors affect the removal of nutrients and COD at particular ranges through One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method. We have successfully evaluated the effects of three significant growth conditions, namely the initial concentrations of microalgae, initial concentrations of bacteria, and inoculation time of bacteria on the removal of nutrients and COD in synthetic wastewater. The highest nutrients and COD removal were achieved when the initial concentration of microalgae and bacteria was at 0.77 g/L and 104 CFU/mL, respectively, and the optimum time to inoculate bacteria was at day 1.52. Moreover, models for all three factors were validated and verified using ANOVA, with percentage error of predicted values and experimental values was less than 10%. Hence, these conditions can be used as the basis for further optimization process in order to improve the wastewater treatment by microalgae-bacteria co-culture system.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON AZOLLA PRODUCTION AT GEZIRA
Authors: Lubna Mohamed Musa Mohamed  , Elgalil Mutwkil I. N. , Elimam Siham E.
Published: December 2024

This study was undertaken at the Alnashishiba complex, an experimental farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gezira University which lies between latitudes of 14° 22? to 14° 25? N and longitudes of 33° 29? to 33° 30? E, 405 m above sea level. In addition to the standard control, the treatments included organic and inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizers were cow manure and compost at the rate of one kg/m2 for each, while the inorganic fertilizer (combination of phosphorus and potassium) at the rate of 5 g/m2 for each which is equivalent to 32 and 18 g of mono phosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. The four treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in four replications. After 24 hours, the Azolla primer was spread (100 g/m2) and continued to harvest (in 12 days). Productivity of Azolla was measured for all treatments by weight in g, and then the protein percentage was recorded as the nitrogen content using Kjeldhal method. The highest production of Azolla fodder was obtained when supplemented with the cow manure and the production reached 1167 g/m2 followed by compost (1131 g/m2) while the chemical fertilizers gave the lowest production (811 g/m2) making the increase rate over the control as 141%, 133% and 67%, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of compost fertilizer resulted in the highest percentage of protein (41.1%) with an increment of 105% over control whereas the combination of P and K and cow manure approximately gave the same protein content (38% and 37%, respectively). The results of this study revealed that the addition of organic fertilizers i.e. cow manure or compost is more beneficial for Azolla production than the chemical fertilizers (P and K).
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION USING COMBINED CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGY AND CARBON EMISSION PINCH ANALYSIS IN AN OFFSET PRINTING PLANT
Authors: Rahim Razuana , Raja Ehsan Shah Raja Shazrin Shah , Sulaiman Sarina , Abd Rahman Ramli
Published: December 2024

In this study, Cleaner Production (CP) strategy and Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) were used to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission generated in printing industry. CP audit was conducted in a printing premise to quantify the consumption of materials and energy, waste generated and other aspect such as safety and productivity. The amount of CO2 emission generated from the operations and activities in the premise was estimated to identify key issues. Subsequently, CP options were identified to overcome the issues. Feasibility studies were conducted for each option identified to evaluate the reduction of CO2 emission and monetary returns. The study revealed that a total of 0.8 kg CO2 emission was generated per kg of paper processed, where electricity consumption was the main contributor. A total of eight CP options were identified and evaluated to reduce CO2 emission generated from the electricity consumption and solid waste generation. Implementations of the suggested CP options are expected to potentially reduce the CO2 emission to 0.7 tons CO2/kg of processed paper, which is a reduction of 78%. The CEPA study also demonstrated that a saving of 211,194 kWh/month of electricity and a reduction of CO2 emission of 141.5 tons/month (68%) from the total emission of 209 tons/month could be achieved. There are four CP options can be implemented without any cost incurred, with expected CO2 emission reduction of 96.5 tons/month. Hence, the case study proves that it is possible to reduce CO2 emission in printing premise by implementing CP and CEPA.
Optimum Healing Spaces of Public Areas for Children Aged 4 to 12 in Malaysian Hospitals
Authors: Nur Amirah Abd Samad
Published: December 2024

Hospitals are evolving to cater its patientsâ€™ needs that emphasis on promotive rather than curative healthcare that should become more patients-centric with greater attention paid especially young patients with families and visitors that come regularly to visit these young patients. This research deals with the possible healing environment that caters children while being hospitalized and children are prone to feel unfamiliar of new surroundings, the environment is scary, depressed and frustrated of being hospitalized. The aim is to understand the characteristic in creating an environment that would decrease children anxiety. The research design will look into a concise area of the public spaces in all the three cases analysed.
And method used in this paper is mostly through site visits to the case studies and taken photographs of physical observations at public spaces where the general public would experience the environment. The findings would look into three exemplar hospital design that has expertise on children health care in Malaysia and Singapore. The analysis of the cases data will identify whether these case studies comply with the design characteristic and how can it be improved. In conclusion, the research can give a little contribution in the hospital environment settings and creates exciting hospital that applies also for children.
DETERMINATION OF THE FLOW RATE AND TEMPERATURE OF THE LIQUID WHEN IT IS FORCED THROUGH THE THROTTLE OPENINGS
Authors:   E.A. BuketovKaragandaUniversity, Nussupbekov B.R.
Published: December 2024

The article presents laboratory findings from studies conducted on a specially developed setup for analyzing liquid flow through throttle holes. The liquid flow rate depends on various factors, such as hole diameter, upstream pressure, liquid viscosity, and the channel’s length and shape. As the liquid passes through the throttle, pressure drops, velocity increases, and kinetic energy rises, subsequently converting to thermal energy due to molecular friction. This throttling process raises the liquid’s temperature, making it suitable for heating applications in industrial, laboratory, and heating systems. This throttling process increases the liquid's temperature through molecular friction, making it a practical solution for heating applications across industrial and laboratory systems
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE CLASS OF INVERSELY QUADRATIC YUKAWA POTENTIAL WITH APPLICATION TO QUANTUM MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria, Inyang E.P.
Published: December 2024

In our study, we applied the Exact Quantization Rule approach to tackle the radial Schrödinger equation analytically, specifically addressing the class of inversely quadratic Yukawa potential. Through this method, we successfully predicted the mass spectra of heavy mesons, including charmonium and bottomonium, across a range of quantum states by leveraging the energy eigenvalues.When compared to experimental data and other researchers' findings, our model exhibited a remarkable degree of accuracy, with a maximum error of 0.0065𝐺𝑒𝑉.We reduced our potential model to the Kratzer potential in order to further expedite our computations, and we ensured mathematical accuracy by imposing particular boundary conditions. By utilizing the acquired energy spectrum, we broadened our examination to investigate the energy spectra of homonuclear diatomic molecules, like nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2). One remarkable finding was that the energy spectrum reduced as the angular momentum quantum number increased in the case where the principal quantum number stayedfixed. In a similar vein, the energy spectrum consistently decreases when the angular momentum quantum number isvaried. The complex interaction between the kinetic and potential energies of the electron causes this decreasing trend in the energy spectrum as the angular momentum quantum number increases in a diatomic molecule. The energy spectrum is systematically reduced as the
INFLUENCE OF THE INTERELECTRODE GAP WIDTH ON THE QUALITY OF FOCUSING OF ELECTROSTATIC MIRRORS WITH ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY
Authors:   Daukeev Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunication, Almaty, Bimurzaev S.B.
Published: December 2024

The influence of the width of the interelectrode gap on the focusing quality of electrostatic mirrors with rotational symmetry, the electrodes of which are coaxial cylinders of equal diameter separated by gaps of finite width, has been studied. Formulas, convenient for the numerical calculation of the exact values of the axial potential distribution in such mirrors, are proposed. Using the obtained formulas in numerical calculations and taking into account the width of the interelectrode gap, the geometric and electrical parameters of two-and three-electrode mirrors were determined, which provide spatial focusing of beams of charged particles simultaneously with the elimination of time-of-flight chromatic aberrations and spherical and axial chromatic spatial aberrations, the most important factors in terms of influence on the resolution of time-of-flight mass spectrometers and electron microscopes. It is shown that the width of the interelectrode gap has a significant effect on the quality of focusing of electrostatic mirrors with cylindrical electrodes.
MODELING IN THE DESIGN OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR DRAWING WITH WALL THINNING OF HOLLOW AXISYMMETRIC PARTS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Authors:   Baltic State Technical University "Voenmeh" named after D.F. Ustinov, Rasulov Z.
Published: December 2024

There are a number of products that operate under extremely difficult conditions of complex loading, the manufacture of which by traditional stamping operations does not provide the required properties, which leads to a large number of defects. One of the possible directions for the manufacture of products of increased strength is the introduction into the technological process of methods of intense plastic deformation, which can be either volumetric (equal-channel angular pressing, longitudinal extrusion through a channel of variable cross-section, drawing with wall thinning along the internal contour) or surface (grinding holes, rolling with rollers or balls). The study demonstrates the application of the approximate monotonicity criterion and its relationship with technological parameters, using the example of a deep drawing process with wall thinning. A case is presented where technological parameters, including friction conditions and the degree of deformation, are selected to ensure approximate monotonicity during the thinning process. The findings provide a basis for the rational selection of the "strain-stress" curve, contributing to a more accurate and efficient design of deformation processes.
Innovative approaches to the management of enterprise financial resources: Analysis of factoring implementation
Authors: Moisiievych Olena
Published: December 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the mechanism of formation of financial resources and efficiency of their use, specifically in the context of using factoring to reduce the debt burden. Successful management of financial resources is critical for the stability and development of any company, as their efficient use allows not only maintaining financial stability but also achieving long-term goals. The purpose of this study was to introduce methods of optimisation of the financial condition on the example of LLC “Agrobuilding Alliance “Astra”, with a focus on a new instrument for managing financial resources in Ukraine – factoring. Materials and methods of the study included qualitative and quantitative analysis of financial resources of the enterprise. The key materials used included the scientific studies of Ukrainian and foreign economists and financial reports of the company under study. The research methods included a comparative analysis of financial indicators before and after the introduction of factoring, modelling of financial flows (revenue), and evaluation of the efficiency of using this tool. The study employed financial analysis methods, such as financial stability and profitability analysis, as well as methods of horizontal and vertical analysis of the company’s balance sheet, structural analysis of profits, and factor analysis of return on equity based on the impact of the financial leverage effect. The results of the study showed that the introduction of factoring reduced accounts receivable and improved the company’s financial stability. The use of factoring as an innovative tool for Ukraine helped to optimise the financial position and analyse its impact on the company’s financial performance. The practical significance of this study is to provide recommendations on the effective use of factoring to improve financial stability not only for the studied LLC, but also for other enterprises facing analogous challenges, since factoring is a relevant solution in the context of economic instability, as a tool that allows reducing the debt burden and ensuring the stability of financial flows of enterprises
Wholesale turnover of food products in Ukraine: Assessment and managerial decision-making
Authors: Ilchuk Mykola , Berezovska Liudmyla , Ivanov Yevhen
Published: December 2024

The decline in Ukraine’s wholesale food turnover caused by the occupation of fertile land in the South and East, the destruction of agricultural enterprises, logistical problems, and mass emigration have become a serious issue that not only threatens food shortages and price increases, but also poses a threat to the food security of the population. Therefore, investigation into the causes and consequences of this phenomenon is extremely relevant. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that determine the dynamics of wholesale turnover of food products in Ukraine, with further formulation of proposals to improve the efficiency of wholesale enterprises through managerial decision-making. The study was based on the comprehensive use of such methods as empirical data collection and analysis, bibliographic analysis of scientific literature, economic and statistical methods, including regression analysis, as well as the method of logical generalisation to systematise the results and formulate conclusions. The study identified the key factors that influence the volume of wholesale food turnover and are critical for ensuring the country’s food security. Economic analysis helped identify patterns and trends in the dynamics of turnover, while regression analysis helped quantify the impact of the identified factors and develop recommendations for managing this process. It was proposed to intensify the state regulation aimed at creating favourable conditions for the development of wholesale trade, combined with the modernisation of management processes at the level of wholesale enterprises. It was found that innovative approaches to cooperation with retail chains, such as in-depth analysis of their needs, optimisation of the assortment, building long-term relationships, and introduction of modern technologies, are valuable factors that influence the efficiency of management of wholesale enterprises. To ensure their sustainable development in the future, it is necessary to apply effective marketing strategies. The findings obtained in this study are of high practical significance for business entities engaged in wholesale trade in food products, as they allow making effective managerial decisions to increase the volume of wholesale turnover
Hotel business in the context of global trends
Authors: Morhulets Oksana , Hryhorchuk Daryna , Nyshenko Olena
Published: December 2024

The hotel business plays an important role in the development of the country’s economy, as it provides jobs, stimulates tourism, and promotes cultural exchange. In the context of global change, in particular post-Soviet reconstruction and military aggression, its importance is only growing. The relevance of the study of the state and prospects of development of the hotel business is conditioned by significant changes taking place in this area and the need to adapt to new realities. In 2024, there was an active introduction of digital technologies and sustainable practices at the international level, while in Ukraine the hotel industry faced unique difficulties related to the security situation. Comparing the International and Ukrainian hotel services markets helps to identify key trends and challenges and develop recommendations for the development of the industry. The purpose of the study was to analyse the impact of global events on the global hotel industry, identify the main trends and problems, and suggest ways to improve the situation in the Ukrainian hotel sector. Research methods included analysis of statistical data, a systematic approach, case-study, comparison of international and national indicators and practices, generalisation, abstract and logical method, and synthesis. The results of the study showed that despite the positive dynamics of the international hotel business, the Ukrainian hotel industry is experiencing significant difficulties due to the war in the country. Against the background of negative trends, the success of the international hotel business is conditioned by the availability of government programmes, support for business development, investment in new technologies and innovations. To restore and develop the Ukrainian hotel business, it was important to introduce positive foreign practices, in particular sustainable development, and adapt them to the realities of the modern Ukrainian market. The practical value of the study was to provide recommendations for improving the situation of the Ukrainian hospitality industry in the market, adapting to new conditions and using international experience for the development of the hotel business
A STUDY ON INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR
Authors: Kothari Jay , Dalal Nipa , Patel Alpesh , Rathod Kinnari , Hindia Vaishvi
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory diseases of the external ear are common in both otorhinolaryngology and primary care due to the ear's exposed anatomical location, making it susceptible to trauma, environmental factors, and infections. This study aimed to explore the etiological factors, clinical features, treatment methods, outcomes, and complications associated with external ear inflammations. A prospective observational study was conducted on 400 patients who underwent ENT examination and treatment at a Tertiary Care Center from 2020 to 2023. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. The most common cause was bacterial infections, with otomycosis being the most prevalent condition. Earache was the most frequent symptom. Seventy-four percent of patients recovered with medical management alone, and the complication rate was 10%. Otomycosis, often influenced by hot and humid environments, primarily affected younger individuals due to increased exposure. Most diagnoses were clinical, and conservative treatment proved effective, reducing the need for further investigations.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER IN PATIENTS WITH OPIOID DEPENDENCE IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF COMORBID CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Ovcharenko Mykola O. , Linskyi Ihor V. , Holubovska Olga A. , Khaitovych Mykola V. , Mishiyev Vladyslav D. , Radchenko Tetyana M. , Pinskyi Leonid L.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To determine the clinical significance of morphological features in assessing toxic or viral liver damage in patients with comorbid opioid dependence and chronic hepatitis C.
Materials and methods. The study involved histological preparations of liver tissue from 48 patients with opioid dependence according to ICD-10 criteria (F 11.30). Among them, 18 patients had opioid dependence without chronic hepatitis C, aged 22 to 40 years (16 males and 2 females), and 30 patients had opioid dependence with chronic hepatitis C according to ICD-10 criteria (B18.2), aged 22 to 38 years (27 males and 3 females). Ultrathin liver tissue sections were examined using an EM-100 electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 75 kV and a magnification of x12000.
Results. In cases of high-progressive opioid dependence without chronic hepatitis C, significant features included the presence of large steatotic granules in the centrilobular and periportal zones, impaired lipid granule degradation processes, a significant increase in Kupffer cell activity, and the transformation of Ito cells into fibrocytes.
Low histological activity of comorbid chronic hepatitis C is characterized by moderate lymphomonocytic infiltration in the portal tracts, increased lipid granule destruction in the centrilobular zone of liver lobules. In cases of moderate activity of comorbid chronic hepatitis C in drug-dependent patients, there is a significant increase in necrotic and apoptotic changes in hepatocytes of the portal and periportal zones, an increase in the number and density of lipid granules, and a significant increase in collagen deposits in the perisinusoidal space, periportal, and centrilobular zones of liver lobules.
Conclusions. 1. In clinical practice, it is advisable to use morphological studies of the liver in patients with opioid dependence and chronic hepatitis C to verify significant profibrogenic factors: the progression of steatotic granule deposits in hepatocytes, impaired degradation processes, Kupffer cell activation, and Ito cell transformation into fibrocytes. 2. Morphological studies of the liver in patients with opioid dependence with and without comorbid chronic hepatitis C allow for an objective assessment of the predominance of toxic or viral liver damage in each patient and determine the priority in treatment.
Трансформація судової системи та її вплив на правовий статус селян Правобережної України наприкінці 18 - на початку 19 ст.
Authors: Шевчук Андрій
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the changes in the judicial system of the Right-Bank Ukraine after its incorporation into the Russian Empire and their impact on the legal status of the serfdom in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of  historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as critical, systematic and comparative analysis of sources. The application of these methods and principles made it possible to study the transformation of the judicial system and the legal status of peasants in dynamics and in aggregate, taking into account all contradictory factors. The use of various methods made it possible to trace, on the example of the Right-Bank Ukraine, the impact of Russian imperial legislation on the events and processes which regulated the activities of judicial institutions and determined the legal status of landed peasants. Conclusions. The incorporation of the Right-Bank Ukraine into the Russian Empire led to significant changes in the judicial system of the region and affected the legal status of serfs. There was a transition from the manorial (patrimonial) court to the imperial court system, where criminal cases of serfs for medium and serious crimes were considered by state judicial institutions. The introduction of the “Statute on the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire” in 1775 and further reforms by Paul I formed a new structure of judiciary on the Right Bank. An analysis of court practice shows that serfs were subject to trial for a wide range of criminal offenses, with a tendency to mitigate punishments compared to the norms of the Lithuanian statutes and imperial justice. The supreme power sought to establish control over the proceedings against serfs, limiting the power of landlords in criminal cases to minor offenses. The judicial system became a tool for integrating the Right Bank into the imperial space, but at the same time retained certain elements of local specificity.
Використання методу доцільних задач задля надолуження освітніх втрат учнівства з математики
Authors: Лук’янова Світлана
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of finding ways to overcome the educational losses in mathematic. The article confirms the relevance of the research problem, since the educational losses (learning losses) that occurred as a result of the closure of schools throughout Ukraine with the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic and the sharp transition to distance education, then deepened after the start of a full-scale war against russia. An analysis was made of how educational losses were compensated in the pre-war period abroad and in Ukrainian schools. It was found out that now the mechanisms for making up for learning losses, which were proposed by experts, have not become widespread because the state does not have the funds to finance them. The characteristic features of using the method of expedient problems are considered. The possibility of using this method to compensate for the students' learning losses in mathematics at various stages of the educational process has been determined. The peculiarities of using the method of expedient tasks for motivating the study of new topics, as well as preparing for the study of new theoretical knowledge and methods of activity during overcoming educational losses, have been clarified. The article describes the peculiarities of using the "key tasks" method for the formation of students' ability to use new theoretical knowledge in practice. Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of the method of expedient tasks contributes to the realization of intra-subject obligations: information-content and operational-activity, which contributes to the formation of systematic knowledge of students in mathematics and helps them to effectively make up for "lost" knowledge. We see the prospects for further research in the context of compensation for educational losses by determining the specifics of using the method of expedient problems to form students a complete system of general approaches to solving any mathematical or applied problem.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IN NEWBORNS WITH PERINATAL INJURY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Soloviova H.O. , Tsvirenko S.M. , Fastovets M.M. , Zhuk L.A. , Rud K.O.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The neurohumoral mechanisms regulating heart rhythm in newborns are a focal point of research in perinatal cardiology. This emphasis arises from the fact that heart rhythm serves as a key indicator of the functional interplay within the cardiovascular system and the overall physiological state of a newborn, acting as a primary marker of autonomic nervous system activity.
Aim: To examine the characteristics of autonomic heart rhythm regulation in newborns with perinatal injuries of central nervous system through daily electrocardiogram monitoring.
Subjects and methods. The study included 40 full-term newborns divided into two groups: Group I involved conditionally healthy newborns (n = 23), and Group II included newborns with hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system (n = 17). Based on temporal and spectral analysis of heart rate variability, it was demonstrated that changes in the early neonatal period correlate with clinical signs of impaired postnatal adaptation. By the 3rd–4th day of life, all newborns exhibited a decrease in parasympathetic influence on heart rhythm and increased activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during the day. Hypoxic-ischemic injury of the central nervous system was associated with more pronounced autonomic dysfunction, leading to impaired regulation of the circulatory system. An imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the heart in newborns, who experienced asphyxia was identified as a significant arrhythmogenic factor. Heart rate variability emerges as a critical, informative marker for identifying at-risk newborns prone to developing heart rhythm disorders, facilitating timely inclusion in risk groups and ensuring appropriate follow-up care.
MINERAL COMPONENT OF ORAL FLUID AS AN INDICATOR OF REPARATIVE OSTEOGENESIS AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION
Authors: Khattou V.V. , Avetikov D.S. , Bukhanchenko O.P. , Boiko I.V. , Yatsenko P.I.
Published: December 2024

Tooth extraction is known to results in the formation of a bone defect and the gradual atrophy of the alveolar process, which can negatively impact the outcomes of dental rehabilitation. Adequate alveolar bone volume and the complete morphology of the alveolar process are essential for achieving aesthetic and functional reconstruction.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin on the levels of total and ionized calcium in oral fluid during the process of reparative osteogenesis following tooth extraction.
Results. The study found that the content of total calcium in the oral fluid of patients showed a statistically significant increase on the 20th day after the tooth extraction procedure: by 5.2%, 3.7%, and 4.8% in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clinical groups, respectively. The dynamics of ionized calcium were even more pronounced. On day 20 after tooth extraction, the levels of ionized calcium increased significantly in all three clinical groups: by 23.0%, 9.6%, and 33.3%, respectively. In the second clinical group, the ionized calcium content was lower by 16.7% compared to the control group, and by 12.1% compared to the group where cryopreserved placenta was used alongside the standard treatment protocol, with these differences being statistically significant.
Ninety days after tooth extraction, the levels of ionized calcium showed a statistically significant decrease: by 13.2%, 6.3%, and 13.5%, respectively, in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clinical groups.
The least change in total and ionized calcium levels in the oral fluid was observed in patients treated with the standard protocol supplemented with cryopreserved placenta and quercetin. This may be attributed to local bone tissue resorption in the lower jaw, resulting in the release of this mineral from the bones.
INVESTIGATION OF SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN MALE WHITE RATS AND THE QUANTITATIVE AND ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THEIR OFFSPRING FOLLOWING CHRONIC HALOPERIDOL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Rustamova M.F. , Khanym Aydin gizi , Abdulkerimova F.D. , Asmetov V.Y. , Ganiev M.M.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To investigate the effects of chronic, dose-dependent haloperidol administration on the concentration of sex hormones (total testosterone (Ttotal), free testosterone (Tfree), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PL), progesterone (PG), estriol (ER), estradiol (ED)), as well as fertilization rates, and the quantitative and anatomical parameters of offspring in male white rats. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 54 white rats (both sexes, weighing 170-190 g) housed at the Scientific Research Center of Azerbaijan Medical University. The animals were divided into three groups, each consisting of 12 male rats and 6 female rats. The effects of chronic haloperidol administration on sex hormone concentrations and the quantitative and anatomical parameters of the offspring were examined. Results. Chronic administration of haloperidol at doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg to male white rats resulted in a statistically significant, dose-dependent decrease in the levels of sex hormones: Ttotal, Tfree, FSH, LH, PG, ER, and ED (except PL). In females mated with haloperidol-treated males, significant alterations in pregnancy outcomes were observed. Compared to the control group, haloperidol administration reduced the number of offspring, caused abnormalities in their appearance, led to stillbirths, and delayed the opening of the auditory canal and the formation of the primary hairline. Additionally, a “reverse geotaxis” reaction was observed in the offspring. Conclusion. Compared to the control group, 2 offspring were born in the group receiving chronic haloperidol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, while 3 offspring with congenital anomalies were born in the group receiving chronic haloperidol at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Significant changes in the course of pregnancy and visible deviations from the norm during childbirth were observed in females mated with male rats treated with haloperidol. Visual inspection of the offspring 24-48 hours after delivery revealed abnormalities, including asymmetry of the skull and facial skeleton, abnormal limb, tail, eye socket, nostril, and oral slit development, in both experimental groups.
QUERCETIN AS A MODULATOR OF OXIDATIVE DYSFUNCTIONS IN LACRIMAL GLAND TISSUES OF RATS UNDER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Authors: Romantseva T.O. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on the production of the primary oxidative stress effector, superoxide anion radical, in the tissues of lacrimal glands (LG) under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). The research was conducted on 21 Wistar rats, divided into three groups: the first (control), the second (undergoing LPS-induced SIR modeling), and the third (animals receiving quercetin at a dose of 200 mg/kg via gastric gavage daily during the final week of LPS-induced SIR modeling). SIR was induced using Salmonella typhi LPS. The study has demonstrated that LPS-induced SIR significantly increased the production of superoxide anion radical in LG tissues. The activation of NADPH-dependent electron transport systems, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and leukocyte NADPH oxidase were identified as key sources of oxidative stress under these conditions. The administration of quercetin effectively reduced the production of superoxide anion radical by all investigated sources, including NADPH-dependent enzymes, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and leukocyte NADPH oxidase. The study enables us to conclude that quercetin can suppress oxidative stress and restore the function of lacrimal glands.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANDIBULAR BONE REMODELLING AFTER ACTIVATED CHITOSAN IMPLANTATION
Authors: Chelpanova I.V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Bone regeneration remains a complex and challenging area for modern medicine. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of bone tissue remodeling after defect creation and filling with chitosan-based osteoplastic material. While osteoplastic materials are widely used clinically, and chitosan offers unique properties, its impact on maxillofacial bone regeneration, particularly the underlying mechanisms and dynamics, is not fully understood and requires further clarification and detailed investigation. Aim: this study aims to determine and compare the morphological, radiological, and lectin-histochemical characteristics of osteoregeneration after the transplantation of activated chitosan (Chitosan-A) into an experimental defect in the rabbit mandible. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on mature male rabbits aged 6-7 months, weighing 2.5-3 kg. The control group included animals with a bone tissue defect that healed under a blood clot. The experimental group consisted of rabbits in which the bone defect was filled with activated chitosan (Chitosan-A). The post-traumatic state of bone tissue in the defect area was monitored over a period of 84 days using the following methods: bone defect modeling, assessment of jaw macrostructure, radiographic examination, radiovisiography, microscopic analysis of bone sections, and lectin-histochemical analysis of decalcified bone sections.
Results. Examination of the macrostructure of the experimental bone defect in the rabbit mandible, following the implantation of chitosan activated with acetic acid (Chitosan-A) into the defect cavity, revealed extensive regenerative changes associated with injury recovery. These findings correlated with data obtained from radiographic and radiovisiographic examinations. Microscopic analysis of bone sections demonstrated a staged progression of regenerative changes and provided insights into the composition of the regenerate.
Conclusions. The use of Chitosan-A was shown to modulate tissue development and remodeling throughout the experiment. Bone density in the experimental group approached normal levels, being only 10.2% lower than in the control group at the end of the study. Microscopic examination revealed bone tissue remodeling with incomplete geometry of newly formed osteons and residual traces of the Chitosan-A material.
REACTION OF THE LOCAL PROTECTIVE BARRIER IN THE DUODENAL MUCOSA OF RATS TO A COMPLEX OF FOOD ADDITIVES
Authors: Shevchenko K.V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The use of food additives continues to be a topic of significant debate, primarily due to the limited research on their effects on the human body, especially in conditions involving combined exposure. Commonly used additives in the food industry include monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and Ponceau-4R. These substances, widely incorporated into food products, enter the body as haptens and, when binding to proteins such as serum albumin, form complete antigens, which can trigger the synthesis of antibodies.
Objective: To investigate the dynamics of quantitative changes in lymphoid cell populations in the lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa under normal conditions and following combined exposure to the food additives monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and Ponceau-4R.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 84 mature male rats. The animals in the experimental group, with free access to water, were administered 0.6 mg/kg of sodium nitrite, 20 mg/kg of monosodium glutamate, and 5 mg/kg of Ponceau 4R in 0.5 ml of distilled water orally once daily. These doses were twice lower than the permissible norm. The animals were euthanized after 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Histological sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were studied under a light microscope. Quantitative parameters of lymphoid cells in the lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa were evaluated using a Levenhuk D740T digital microscope with microphotography attachment and specialized software adapted for the study.
Results. The average number of lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa in rats at the 16th week of the experiment was 5.02±0.09 per field of view, which was 5.02 times significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). Prolonged intake of the additive complex led to an increase in plasma cells, reaching 20.04±0.17 per field of view at week 16, remaining 5.04 times higher than control values (p<0.05). The average number of macrophages was 8.96±0.17 per field of view, 4.48 times higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The number of granulocytes increased significantly, being 6.12 times higher than the control value at 3.98±0.09 per field of view (p<0.05).
Conclusion. The complex of food additives monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and Ponceau - 4R activates both nonspecific immune response processes and antigen-dependent cell differentiation in a wave-like manner.