bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bedside Nursing Handover: Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Rifai Ahmad , Afandi Alfid Tri , Hasanah Asmaul
Published: June 2020

Bedside handover is one of nursing care activities which involve patient during nurse-patient interaction a side of patient’s bed between change shift. Patient may inquire all they want to know about their health condition, complaining and request for nursing care. However, the bedside handover often ineffectively run when a group of nurse hand in the nursing care plan for the following nurses shift. This study aimed to describe bedside handover activities based on patient’s perspective in inpatient ward at one military hospital at Jember. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design. There were 100 respondents recruited in this study using purposive sampling technique with criteria the patients had received nursing care at least two days in the inpatient ward. Data were collected using bedside report item survey questionnaire to measure bedside handover based on patient perception. The results showed the median of bedside handover was 33 (min-max = 10-40), indicated that the bedside handover from patient’s point of view was in good category. Basically, the nurses have implemented the bedside handover, however there are problems occurred during its’ implementation such as, high burden of nurse’s work, limited time, lack of understanding and awareness regarding bedside handover. Patients have right to receive holistic nursing care, and it is the responsibility of nurses to provide excellent service including the action of bedside handover. Nursing manager should evaluate and supervise the bedside handover for all nurses routinely.
Pisarz „stąd”, „stamtąd” i „spomiędzy”. Mariana Pankowskiego z kulturą narodową przypadki
Authors: Chomiszczak Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The article concerns Marian Pankowski, a special case in the history of 20th-century Polish literature. His uniqueness was due to the fact that the writer published books both in Poland and during his emigration, which he chose, but which he did not belong to. This was the reason why he stopped collaborating with the Polish centres in Paris and London. Pankowski settled down in Brussels and became an “artist apart,” suspended between the exile and the homeland. This allowed him to maintain a healthy distance to important national themes, to challenge Polish stereotypes and use provocative language.
Duchowe rozmowy z Ojcem. Wartości kulturowe i literackie w poezji Wojciecha Kudyby
Authors: Brasse Rafał
Published: June 2020

The subject of my research interests in this article is a poem by Wojciech Kudyba titled “Dzie-sięć słów Ojca” (Ten words of the Father), whose philosophical and religious dimension directs our attention to the personalism which was close to John Paul II’s convictions. Kudyba is a poet of reflection, philosophical and religious pondering on the meaning of existence. This is evidenced by clear allusions and references to the Bible, as well as the relational character of the work, focused on building a spiritual relationship. In the analyzed poem, there is a strong desire to establish a spiritual relationship, a deep, intimate relationship with God. The world of spiritual experiences presented in this way finds its peculiar expression in the language of poetic images. The desire to meet the Father somehow anchors faith in a dream. While interpreting Kudyba’s poem, I will not be dealing with the problem of sacrum in literature. I will rather refer to the way in which the well-known archetypes and symbols function in poetry. I will be interested in the acts of creative consciousness, heading for sublimation, or creation of substitute reality. Since sublimation is the dominant and constitutive feature of poetry in the dimension of a peculiar experience of emotionally designed reality, I will try to enrich the leading structural analysis in this work with a few threads (or perhaps insights) derived from Gaston Bachelard’s epistemology.
Salomea Kapuścińska wobec narodu i społeczeństwa
Authors: Olędzki Mirosław
Published: June 2020

Issues related to the writer’s attitude towards his family, Polish literature have been discussed in connection with the hundredth anniversary of Poland regaining its independence falling in 2018. Social and national issues appeared in the works of Salomea Kapuścińska at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s. The Zmilczenia poetry collection (1980), containing references, among others to Słowacki and Sienkiewicz, was not fully legible before the edition of works remaining until 2018 in a typescript form and showing the rebellion of the great Solidarity from the perspective of the Romantic tradition.
Diariusz i listy. Kilka uwag o charakterze pism Kazimierza Sarneckiego
Authors: Ślęczka Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The subject of the article is the issue of genre classification of the writings of Kazimierz Sar-necki, who was a permanent agent of the Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, at the court of Jan Sobieski III.

Sarnecki’s main task was to obtain information about what was happening around the monarch — above all his state of health and all the other matters, even of the lowest importance.

Incarrying out his assigned tasks, Sarnecki kept a diary which, at intervals of about a week, he sent to his principal along with a separate letter. In it, he reported on his own activities, answered questions, and supplemented information that he did not record in the diary. They were two separate texts written independently but he sent them in one package. He used two different names to de-scribe them (diary and letter).

Researchers of old Polish literature, however, were looking for a term that would allow Sar-necki’s entire preserved output to be given one name.

Two such suggestions were made. The first of these comes from Janusz Woliński, the publisher of Sarnecki’s work, who called it a memoir. This is not a correct term because the work does not meet any of the elements of the memoir definition (Sarnecki does not focus the narrative on himself, his storytelling of the events is subordinate to a consistent pattern, there is also no time distance to the described matters).

The author of the second is Alojzy Sajkowski. He created the term “epistolographic relation” because in the diary he saw an element subordinate to the letter accounts; he also noticed the similar-ity between the writings of Sarnecki and Jan Piotrowski, who kept a diary during the siege of Pskov (1581–1582) and from time to time rephrased subsequent parts, giving them a form of a letter which he then sent to his patron, Andrzej Opaliński. This term is not correct enough either. Sarnecki was not creating one work which combined elements of a diary and a letter but two separate works — a diary and a letter. Similarities with Piotrowski’s diary only go so far — Sarnecki did not rephrase anything, but sent “raw” material, and did not include the diary into the letter.

That is why it is a better solution to use the names introduced by the author himself, because in this way we define the nature of his writing output most accurately.
Baba Jaga, Kościej Nieśmiertelny i inne postacie władające magią w rosyjskich baśniach magicznych a wiedźmy i czarownicy Grimmowscy
Authors: Ucherek Dorota
Published: June 2020

The article is an analysis of the images of magic-wielding characters in Russian magic fairy tales. The basis of this analysis is a set of fairy tales collected by Alexander Afanasyev. The author focuses primarily on the characters of Baba Yaga and Koschei the Immortal, pointing in particular to the ambiguity of the former. She can be seen as a witch, a demon and deity, as an antagonist — just like other fairy tale witches — but also as a donor, tester, and catalyst of the protagonist’s evolution. In the case of Koschei, although he always turns out to be an antagonist, what deserves attention is the level of his power — much higher than in the case of “lower-order” sorcerers — and the motif of the seven-stage soul hiding as the source of immortality. Also considered is the image of dragons, characteristic of Slavic fairy tales — perceived in this cultural circle as chthonic beings, related to snakes and in opposition to birds, i.e. uranic beings. In the course of the analysis, the author also compares the images of magic-wielding characters in Afanasyev’s collection with those gathered by the Brothers Grimm.
Strażniczki patriarchalnej Arkadii. Uwagi o postaciach kobiecych w Listach z nieba Stanisława Vincenza
Authors: Serafin Ewa
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze selected female characters in Stanisław Vincenz’s novel Letters from Heaven. The image of women is dominated by the masculine way of judging their appearance and traits and by a patriarchal moral code. Faithful and hard-working wives and mothers are idealized in the novel. This model of femininity is stabilized not only by men, but also by older women characters. The experiences of village women were comprised in two scenes, and were expressed by the dream and silence language. Maria, the wife of a Uniate priest, was presented in the context of her fragmented memories. The room of the birth of the child is the space of women. In the space of men (the main room, where the feast is taking place) Maria was the only woman who took part in discussions, but her voice was marginalized.
„Epifanie w końcu muszą mieć jakiś sens”. Wokół ironii Juliusza Słowackiego i Zbigniewa Herberta
Authors: Taranek-Wolańska Olga
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to irony as one of the common interpretative denominators of the works of Juliusz Słowacki and Zbigniew Herbert. Taking into account the fact that at least several types of irony are distinguished in literary studies (an elementary division includes rhetorical irony, socratic irony, and romantic irony), the author focuses on the linguistic element(s) of irony. The author sets out various functions of irony in Słowacki and Herbert, and with this procedure — presents the attitude of both poets to the heritage of Mediterranean culture as the eternal source of existential dilemmas. As the starting material for analysis and interpretation, two texts were used — Słowacki’s digression poem Podróż do Ziemi Świętej z Neapolu (read in the context of the genre) and a collec-tion of Herbert’s short narrative forms, Król mrówek.
Pomiędzy literaturą a dziennikarstwem. Uwagi wstępne o felietonach Josepha Rotha
Authors: Szkoła Dawid
Published: June 2020

The article describes the borderline between literature and journalism via the example of a newspaper feuilleton. I present the feuilleton as a kind of text that is difficult to define. Afeuilleton has much in common with journalism and literature, it also does not have one obligatory form or style of language. It can be similar to a letter, travel text, or monologue. Authors of feuilletons are often well-known writers who combine literature and journalism. In the article I use the example of Joseph Roth.
Władysław Syrokomla wobec polskiego kodu kulturowego
Authors: Garczarek Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

In the following article, the author briefly analyzes the activity of Władysław Syrokomla — the Polish poet of Romanticism — in terms of his attitude to the Polish cultural code. Three areas of the writer’s activity have been analyzed: his literary work (mainly gawędy), activity as a translator and literary researcher, and finally — his social involvement in nationwide and local affairs. The author of the article states that the works of Syrokomla bring with them values that are up to date and may become a signpost for the young generation of Polish intellectuals.
Suma czy różnica, czyli kto jest polskim patriotą? Rozważania wokół kulturowych mitów współczesności
Authors: Krakowiak Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

The first part of the question in the title refers to two slogans that are simultaneously two axiological triads; these triads (God–Honour–Home Country and Freedom–Equality–Brotherhood) were previously the subject of my investigations. It looks like they constitute the basic components of Polish contemporary imagination, containing an important symbol for Polish imagination and phenomena, symptomatic of emotions and ethics. One should note the meaning of these values’ separation. The article shows the initial contest of both slogans as well their importance and trans-formed contemporary meaning. Using as an example the selected texts of literature, both critical and journalistic, the paradox of Polish patriotism has been presented, where “everybody” identifies with and at the same time excludes “those different than me.” Attention was paid to the domination of the sacrifice model of patriotism in Polish culture, in opposition to other models: critical and “minimalistic” ones.
“No Man Is an Island”: On Fragmented Experiences in Zadie Smith’s NW 2012
Authors: Nguyên-Quang Trung
Published: June 2020

Published in 2012, Zadie Smith’s NW appears to break with the aesthetics of On Beauty 2005, her Booker Prize shortlisted novel: abandoning the linearity of traditional story-telling of which On Beauty partook, NW displays a formal fragmentation that allows the narrative to jump back and forth from one point of view to another, one time period to another, and this with no apparent rationale. Indeed, the novel weaves together the threads of four different narratives seen through four different characters, its structure thus fragmented into seemingly disparate subplots and timelines, as though it were taking to task the linearity of time itself. Through the analysis of the various fragmentary modes in NW, this paper wishes to contend that, while it may first appear to be a challenge to the congruence of plot, one that is reminiscent of the postmodernist taste for discontinuity and experimentation, this writing commitment for fragmentation is fundamentally a political stance in Smith’s fiction. By deconstructing the linear fabric of plot, NW seems to argue that experience — whether it be cultural, political, social or individual — is multifarious and ever-shifting, and thus can only be accounted for by discursively espousing its fragmentary nature. Therefore, the multiplication of subject-positions, the refusal of monologic narratives, as well as the eschewal of linearity in NW must be understood as rebuttals of a reality conceived of unilaterally, or normatively defined. In other words, my argument is that, in NW, the poetics of fragmentation is a politics of authenticity, since it is only through the representation of fragmented experiences that fiction can have any claim on realism.
Presentación. La oposición política al franquismo en la Universidad
Authors: Carrillo-Linares Alberto
Published: June 2020

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La prensa estudiantil bajo dictadura. Apuntes para un estudio comparativo entre España y Argentina
Authors: Seia Guadalupe A.
Published: June 2020

En el presente artículo planteamos las primeras aproximaciones para un estudio comparativo de la prensa estudiantil bajo dictadura en España (1939-1975) y Argentina (1976-1983). A partir del estudio del caso de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, proponemos una caracterización general de las experiencias editoriales de los estudiantes universitarios en ambos países y algunas claves comparativas en relación con las modalidades en que surgieron y cómo se fueron reconfigurando dichos proyectos editoriales respecto de sus posturas hacia el régimen y del desarrollo del movimiento estudiantil de cada país.
La Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (1939-1969): de la indiferencia y la “no adhesión” al antifranquismo
Authors: Gurriarán Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo recoge los sucesivos cambios que se dieron en el solar universitario compostelano entre 1939 y 1969, cómo se fueron propiciando y gestando desde dentro. Explica el escenario del período de limpieza y control de la victoria bélica, pasando por el yermo panorama de la década de los cincuenta, hasta los acontecimientos del año 1965, a los que luego se agregó la extensión del estallido emancipatorio y democrático de la juventud, en 1968. El avance de la confrontación en otros campus, de los que se importaron modelos, la coordinación y la organización efectiva, más el cambio de actitud de parte del profesorado, junto a la lucha sociopolítica general contra el franquismo, fueron determinantes para desgastar a la je rarquía franquista y lograr unos resultados esperanzadores con sintonía de cambio en todo el Estado, no sin dejar de pasar por una dura recesión con represión.
Movimiento estudiantil antifranquista en Andalucía
Authors: Carrillo-Linares Alberto
Published: June 2020

Estudio del movimiento estudiantil en Andalucía a lo largo de la dictadura franquista, atendiendo a circunstancias generales y particulares en las diversas ciudades con centros universitarios. Se evalúa la evolución, las estrategias y repertorios de acción, se dibuja el mapa político y rastrea a algunos de sus protagonistas, así como algunas de las medidas represivas contra los mismos, a partir de fuentes variadas (orales, académicas, policiales, gubernativas, hemerográficas, archivísticas, etc.).
Algunas claves para entender la actual configuración jurídica de los planes de igualdad: alcance y contenido
Authors: Alfonso Mellado Carlos L.
Published: June 2020

Resumen. El presente trabajo analiza el alcance, significado y contenido de los planes de igualdad. Se analiza la igualdad como valor esencial en un Estado Social y la evolución en la protección jurídica de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el ámbito del trabajo. Posteriormente se analiza el significado de los planes de igualdad como elemento integral para la consecución de la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres en el ámbito laboral. Seguidamente se estudian algunas características esenciales de los planes de igualdad, especialmente tras los últimos cambios normativos como la expansión de su ámbito de aplicación a más empresas, la importancia del diagnóstico como elemento esencial para delimitar las medidas a incorporar en el plan de igualdad, el carácter negociado del plan y su dinamismo que lleva a su temporalidad y a la necesidad de seguimiento a través de indicadores y, en su caso, del correspondiente replanteamiento de las medidas integradas en el plan en atención a la evolución de la situación de la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres en la empresa.
Una aproximación teórica a las olas del feminismo: la cuarta ola
Authors: Aguilar Barriga Nani
Published: June 2020

Resumen. Este estudio tiene por objeto dar visibilidad a las primeras voces feministas que, en un primer momento, de forma individual a través de sus obras y en un segundo momento, de forma colectiva con el surgimiento del movimiento feminista, lucharon y luchan por una sociedad donde el hombre y la mujer se encuentren en una situación de equilibrio; de misma valoración y consideración y dispongan de los mismos derechos y oportunidades. De esta manera, el presente análisis se adentrará en las conocidas como Olas del feminismo, que pondrán de manifiesto, cómo las mujeres partiendo de una situación de discriminación e invisibilización, mantenida y perpetuada a través de la Historia por los roles de género y el patriarcado, en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad; social, político, económico, cultural, civil, religioso y privado, fueron dando pasos hacia la igualdad. El estudio finalizará incidiendo de manera especial en las numerosas y masivas manifestaciones de mujeres y hombres feministas en todas las partes del planeta e, indicadores, que hacen posible hablar de la existencia de la Cuarta Ola feminista y de sus objetivos: La lucha por la eliminación de todas las formas de violencia hacia la mujer por el simple hecho de ser mujer, incluida la violencia sexual y prostitución y, la consecución de la paridad real entre el hombre y la mujer en todos los ámbitos.
Nulidad objetiva de la extinción del contrato en período de prueba de la trabajadora embarazada
Authors: Doganoc de León María
Published: June 2020

Resumen. Tras la reforma del artículo 14 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores llevada a cabo por el Real Decreto-ley 6/2019, de 1 de Marzo, de medidas urgentes para garantía de la igual­dad de trato y de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres en el empleo y la ocupación, en relación a la nulidad de la extinción del contrato de trabajo por desistimiento del empresario durante el período de prueba de la trabajadora embarazada, se analiza en el presente traba­jo la evolución legislativa y jurisprudencial en la materia, con especial referencia a los votos particulares emitidos en su día por los Magistrados que, juzgando con perspectiva de género, se apartaron de la decisión mayoritaria de la decisión adoptada por el Tribunal Supremo me­diante Sentencia de 18 de Abril de 2011 y del Tribunal Constitucional en Sentencia de 10 de Octubre de 2013.
La necesaria construcción de una democracia paritaria para el Derecho Privado: la igualdad de género en los consejos de administración de las sociedades cotizadas
Authors: Martín Guardado Sergio
Published: June 2020

Resumen. El trabajo que se presenta trata de buscar argumentos en favor de extender la democracia paritaria, concepto surgido del Derecho Público, al ámbito social y económico. Sólo la equiparación igualitaria entre mujeres y hombres puede superar la vulneración de derechos humanos a que se está sometiendo a la mitad mayoritaria de la población y, lograr así, el aprovechamiento máximo de los conocimientos y aptitudes de la sociedad. Así pues, la idea es superar la infrarrepresentación femenina en los consejos de administración de las sociedades cotizadas, vinculando el papel de estas y su actuación en los mercados en relación con la toma de decisiones en el poder político, cada vez más sometidas directa o indirectamente al poder de los mercados. El desarrollo del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho, más allá de lo público, puede materializar la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres, adoptando una concreta medida de acción positiva: sistema de cuotas. En definitiva, se presenta una justificación constitucional para la necesaria adopción de dichas políticas, formulando una democracia paritaria para el Derecho Privado y una revisión normativa a modo de lege ferenda.
Dudas en torno a la negociación de los planes de igualdad: la respuesta de los tribunales
Authors: Ramo Herrando María José
Published: June 2020

Resumen. No son pocos los problemas interpretativos que surgen a la hora de encarar la negociación colectiva de un plan de igualdad. Las primeras dudas pueden surgir ya al consti­tuir la mesa negociadora, especialmente cuando existan centros de trabajo con representación legal de los trabajadores y otros sin ella, pudiendo verse afectado el principio de correspon­dencia. También genera dudas el alcance que debe darse a la exigencia legal de que sea en la mesa de negociación donde se elabore el diagnóstico de igualdad, o si la obligación de negociar el plan exige alcanzar un acuerdo o es una mera obligación de medios, o las consecuencias que pueden derivarse de incumplir las medidas del plan o los compromisos de información durante la fase de seguimiento del plan. Estas y otras cuestiones interpretativas resultan muy trascendentes ya que pueden dar lugar a la declaración de nulidad del plan de igualdad e in­cluso a condenas de cuantías indemnizatorias por la vulneración del derecho constitucional de libertad sindical y de apremios pecuniarios. Los tribunales han ido dado respuesta a estas du­das, dotando así de mayor seguridad jurídica al proceso negociador de los planes de igualdad.
Carolina Martínez Moreno. Brecha salarial de género y discriminación distributiva: causas y vías para combatirlas
Authors: Moraru Gratiela-Florentina
Published: June 2020

Este artículo reseña: Carolina Martínez Moreno. Brecha salarial de género y discriminación distributiva: causas y vías para combatirlas. Bomarzo, Madrid, 2019.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Proximal Row Carpectomy and Four-Corner Arthrodesis
Authors: Yoo Minkyoung , Nelson Richard E. , Illing Damian A. , Martin Brook I. , Tyser Andrew R. , Kazmers Nikolas H.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The optimal surgical treatment for scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) remains unclear. To inform clinical decision-makers, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and four-corner arthrodesis (FCA).

Methods:

A Markov microsimulation model was used to compare clinical outcomes, costs, and health utilities between PRC and FCA. The model used a 10-year time horizon and a 1-month cycle length, and it was evaluated from the societal perspective. Utilities and clinical parameters including transition probabilities for debridement for infection, removal of implants, conversion to total wrist arthrodesis, revision FCA, and revision total wrist arthrodesis were obtained from published literature. Timing of complications was estimated from the literature. Direct medical costs were derived from Medicare ambulatory surgical cost data, and indirect costs for missed work due to surgical procedures and complications were included. The effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and 1-way threshold analysis for utilities were performed.

Results:

In the base-case model, PRC dominated FCA (i.e., PRC had lower cost and greater effectiveness). The mean (and standard deviation) for the total cost and QALYs per patient were $30,970 ± $5,931 and 8.24 ± 1.28, respectively, for PRC and $44,526 ± $11,205 and 8.23 ± 1.26, respectively, for FCA. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, PRC dominated FCA in 57% of the 1 million iterations. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve indicated that PRC is the most cost-effective strategy regardless of the willingness-to-pay threshold up to $100,000/QALY.

Conclusions:

PRC dominated FCA in the base-case analysis and in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. These results suggest that PRC is the optimal strategy for Stage-I or II SLAC and for SNAC in patients ≥55 years of age.

Level of Evidence:

Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tumors of the Hand and the Wrist
Authors: Strike Sophia A. , Puhaindran Mark E.
Published: June 2020

» Most tumors of the hand and the wrist are benign; however, malignant conditions can mimic benign tumors and must be worked up accordingly.

» Advanced imaging should be followed by biopsy before definitive treatment of tumors of unknown diagnosis.

» The most common soft-tissue masses in the hand and the wrist are ganglion cysts, whereas the most common bone tumors are enchondromas.
Fatigue, Performance, and Overtraining
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

Almost by definition, the performance of dance, music, or any other performing art involves physical exertion of some type and some degree. In most performances, the amount of energy expended appears to be substantially higher than the resting state but significantly lower than many
athletic events that last about the same amount of time. Performing artists and performing arts medicine specialists have long been interested in the interactions between physical exertion and the quality of the artistic effort. Does some amount of physical activity actually improve performance
through a “warm up” effect? At what point does the amount of physical activity expended start to cause lower quality of the performance? What role does mental versus physical fatigue play? The article by Drinkwater and Klopper in this issue of the journal provides new information
on how fatigue during a performance may affect the quality of the music produced.
Quantifying the Physical Demands of a Musical Performance and Their Effects on Performance Quality
Authors: Drinkwater Eric J , Klopper Christopher J
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the effects of fatigue on performance quality induced by a prolonged musical performance. Ten participants prepared 10 min of repertoire for their chosen wind instrument that they played three times consecutively. Prior to the performance and within short breaks
between performances, researchers collected heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of anxiety. All performances were audio recorded and later analysed for performance errors. Reliability in assessing performance
errors was assessed by typical error of measure (TEM) of 15 repeat performances. Results indicate all markers of physical stress significantly increased by a moderate to large amount (4.6 to 62.2%; d = 0.50 to 1.54) once the performance began, while heart rate, respirations, and RPE continued
to rise by a small to large amount (4.9 to 23.5%; d = 0.28 to 0.93) with each performance. Observed changes in performance between performances were well in excess of the TEM of 7.4%. There was a significant small (21%, d = 0.43) decrease in errors after the first performance; after the second
performance, there was a significant large increase (70.4%, d = 1.14). The initial increase in physiological stress with corresponding decrease in errors after the first performance likely indicates “warming up,” while the continued increase in markers of physical stress with dramatic
decrement in performance quality likely indicates fatigue. Musicians may consider the relevance of physical fitness to maintaining performance quality over the duration of a performance.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 48
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment 48.
Treatment of music performance anxiety via psychological approaches: a review of selected CBT and psychodynamic literature
Authors: Nagel Julie J
Published: June 2020

Performance anxiety, or stage fright, is anxiety aroused about potential mishaps in performance that expose feared inadequacies before an audience and which evoke feelings of embarrassment and humiliation. For affected musicians, performance anxiety can be emotionally devastating, as
their career choice in music may be terminated or severely compromised. This paper focuses on the cognitive and psychodynamic literature about music performance anxiety, with the emphasis that for treatment "one size does not fit all." It reviews the factors underlying performance
anxiety and those factors which can exacerbate the condition in musicians. The two major clinical treatment modalities within contemporary psychology, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic treatments, are reviewed. While there are more empirical studies of CBT in various populations
in the literature, until recently there was an indifference to empirical research by psychodynamic investigators. However, meta-analyses show strong efficacy for psychodynamic psychotherapy (in various disorders, not specifically music performance anxiety), but also that the benefits of psychodynamic
psychotherapy may endure longer and increase with time.
Motor Activity as a Way of Preventing Musculoskeletal Problems in String Musicians
Authors: Wilke Christiane , Priebus Julian , Biallas Bianca , Froböse Ingo
Published: June 2020

The health status of performing artists, especially musicians, was not an issue for medical research until the 1980s. Musicians tend to suffer from health-related problems, as playing an instrument demands long and intensive practice. This paper provides a literature review of health
problems of string players in particular. It analyzes whether their problems are playing-related or if various parameters potentially influence their health state, and it subsequently presents a concept of efficient training. Health disorders and diseases are individual. In order to ensure
efficient prevention, a profile of qualification, including physical and psychological aspects as well as key skills, allows developing an individual training schedule and thus should be included in the process of prevention. Physical performance plays a decisive role and is more important
than commonly thought. Strength, endurance, and flexibility in particular have an immense influence on the musician’s performance. Playing an instrument requires both physical and mental skills, and all too often this leads to excessive demands. It is necessary to highlight the possible
causes and provide the musician with a therapeutic intervention and educational work. As the demand for preventative work in this field grows steadily, this paper draws a detailed concept of a therapeutic intervention.
An Investigation of Musical Performance Anxiety in the Marching Arts
Authors: Levy Jacob J , Castille Christopher M , Farley Justina A
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musical performance anxiety (MPA) in marching artists. The marching arts include high school and college marching bands, drum and bugle corps, and indoor color guard and percussion ensembles. Drawing on a sample of 780 world
class drum and bugle corps performers, we examined the prevalence of somatic and cognitive symptoms of MPA. We also examined differences in endorsement of symptoms by performing section (i.e., brass players, percussionists, and dancers/color guard) and gender. Results revealed a relatively
low prevalence of MPA symptoms as compared with prior studies of adolescent and young adult performers. In addition, color guard performers reported significantly greater magnitudes of somatic MPA symptoms than brass players, and female performers reported greater magnitudes of cognitive MPA
symptoms than their male counterparts. Practical recommendations are discussed.
Fit to Play: The Fitness Effect on Physically Challenging Flute Repertoire
Authors: Borkowski Jennifer A
Published: June 2020

This case study was done to determine whether physical fitness plays a part in performing flute repertoire. Most repertoire allows performers the choice of where to breathe. However, there exists a “brute” repertoire where breathing is prescribed by the composer, which poses
physical challenges for performers. The author contrasted pieces from traditional repertoire with Heinz Holliger’s (t)air(e), which requires passages of breath-holding and measured inhalations. The author was tested for cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) and corresponded these levels to
pulse rates while playing at baseline and 6 months after undertaking a physical fitness program.
Music Performance Anxiety—Part 2: A Review of Treatment Options
Authors: Brugués Ariadna O
Published: June 2020

Music performance anxiety (MPA) affects many individuals independent of age, gender, experience, and hours of practice. In order to prevent MPA from happening or to alleviate it when it occurs, a review of the literature about its prevention and treatment was done. Forty-four articles,
meeting evidence-based medicine (EBM) criteria, were identified and analyzed. Performance repertoire should be chosen based on the musician’s skill level, and it should be practiced to the point of automaticity. Because of this, the role of music teachers is essential in preventing MPA.
Prevention is the most effective method against MPA. Several treatments (psychological as well as pharmacological) have been studied on subjects in order to determine the best treatment for MPA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) seems to be the most effective, but further investigation is
desired. Some musicians, in addition to CBT, also take β-blockers; however, these drugs should only be prescribed occasionally after analyzing the situation and considering the contraindications and possible side effects. Despite these conclusions, more randomized studies with larger,
homogeneous groups of subjects would be desirable (according to the EBM criteria), as well as support for the necessity of both MPA prevention and optimized methods of treatment when it does occur.
Playing (Less) Hurt: An Injury Prevention Guide for Musicians By Janet Horvath.
Authors: Chong John
Published: June 2020

Playing (Less) Hurt: An Injury Prevention Guide for Musicians. By Janet Horvath. Published by Hal Leonard Books, 2010. 234 pages. ISBN 978-1-42348846-0.
Performing Arts Medicine, 3rd edition. Edited by Robert T. Sataloff, Alice G. Brandfonbrener, and Richard J. Lederman.
Authors: Mitchell Stephen A.
Published: June 2020

Performing Arts Medicine, 3rd edition. Edited by Robert T. Sataloff, Alice G. Brandfonbrener, and Richard J. Lederman. Published by Science & Medicine Inc., Dec 2010. 8.5 x 11 inches, 416 pages. ISBN 978-0-9758862-2-9.
Economic Uncertainty and Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

Performing artists are used to dealing with uncertainty-—how will the next performance go, what will the new conductor expect, will my current combination of jobs and gigs be enough to pay the bills? Likewise, health care professionals have to deal with uncertainty on a regular
basis—-is the patient’s chest pain due to myocardial ischemia or something else, will the treatment I prescribed for the pianist with arm pain be effective? But all of us on every continent are dealing with a great deal of economic uncertainty these days. ... How will these economic
trends affect performing artists and the health care professionals who provide care for them?
Comparison of Electromyographic Activity and Range of Neck Motion in Violin Students with and without Neck Pain During Playing
Authors: Park Kyue-nam , Kwon Oh-yun , Ha Sung-min , Kim Su-jung , Choi Hyun-jung , Weon Jong-hyuck
Published: June 2020

Neck pain is common in violin students during a musical performance. The purpose of this study was to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity in superficial neck muscles with neck motion when playing the violin as well as neck range of motion (ROM) at rest, between violin students
with and without neck pain. Nine violin students with neck pain and nine age- and gender-matched subjects without neck pain were recruited. Muscle activity of the bilateral upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and superficial cervical extensor muscles was measured using surface EMG. Kinematic
data on neck motion while playing and active neck ROM were also measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Independent t-tests were used to compare EMG activity with kinematic data between groups. These analyses revealed that while playing, both the angle of left lateral bending
and leftward rotation of the cervical spine were significantly greater in the neck pain group than among those without neck pain. Similarly, EMG activity of the left upper trapezius, both cervical extensors, and both sternocleidomastoid muscles were significantly greater in the neck pain group.
The active ROM of left axial rotation was significantly lower in the neck pain group. These results suggest that an asymmetric playing posture and the associated increased muscle activity as well as decreased neck axial rotation may contribute to neck pain in violin students.
Occupational Medicine, Worker's Compensation, and the Performing Arts
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

Performing arts medicine has made significant progress over the last three decades, and not infrequently we have looked to the field of sports medicine for inspiration and strategies. It seems that we have looked to occupational medicine less often as a model to emulate, but that may
be worth reconsidering. The article by Chimenti et al. in this issue of MPPA found that only a small percentage of injured musicians filed a claim for worker’s compensation, even though most of them had sought medical care.
Musicians Seeking Psychiatric Help: A Preliminary Study of Psychiatric Characteristics
Authors: van Fenema Esther , Julsing Jolien E , Carlier Ingrid V , van Noorden Martijn S , Giltay Erik J , van Wee Nic J , Zitman Frans G
Published: June 2020

Musicians are at increased risk for mental disorders, in particular performance anxiety. Likely causes are high levels of occupational stress, special personality traits, and coping skills. In this cross-sectional study, routine outcome monitoring (ROM) data on clinical and psychosocial
characteristics were collected from the first 50 musicians visiting our outpatient psychiatric clinic for performing artists and were compared to those of a large sample of psychiatric outpatients (n=1,498) and subjects from the general population. Of the musician outpatients, 82% (n=41) met
the criteria of an Axis I psychiatric disorder. Performance anxiety could not be accurately diagnosed with the MINI-plus, and in a few cases it masked different psychiatric disorders. Musician outpatients scored significantly better on functional scales despite their Axis I disorder, with
equal scores on scales measuring distress compared to general outpatients. Musicians displayed significantly higher mean scores on the DAPP-sf subscale measuring narcissistic personality traits than general outpatients and non-patient controls (p=0.001). Diagnostic challenges, in particular
regarding performance anxiety, of musicians seeking psychiatric care are thoroughly discussed. Musicians with psychiatric disorders may constitute a group of patients with specific characteristics who may benefit from specialized psychiatric care, and health professionals should be aware of
the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in musicians.
Bilateral Differences in Peak Force, Power, and Maximum Plié Depth During Multiple Grande Jetés
Authors: Wyon Matthew , Harris Julie , Brown Derrick , Clarke Frances
Published: June 2020

A lateral bias has been previously reported in dance training. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any bilateral differences in peak forces, power, and maximum knee flexion during a sequence of three grand jetés and how they relate to leg dominance. A randomised
observational design was selected for the study. Volunteers consisted of 20 female dancers in the last year of pre-professional training. All volunteers completed three different tests to determine leg dominance prior to completing a three grande jeté sequence. The lead leg for the
jump sequence was randomised. Peak take-off power, relative landing force (BW), and maximum knee flexion angles were measured using a Myotest accelerometer and integrated goniometer. Results indicated that 90% of dancers reported right leg dominance. A significant difference was noted in peak
take-off power among the jumps (p<0.01); post hoc test indicated jump 3 was significantly greater than jump 1. Mean maximum take-off knee angles increased over the three-jump sequence with the left leg having a significantly deeper plié than the right (p<0.01). Landing data showed
an increase in peak force and a decrease in maximum knee angles across the jump sequence. The present data indicate different bilateral strategies during take-off and landing during grand jetés in female dancers resulting in increased forces during the jumps on the non-dominant side.
These differences need to be addressed by incorporating appropriate modifications in training methodology that eliminates the observed bilateral differences.
An Inquiry from an Amateur Pianist
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The Letter to the Editor from Matthew Arthur in this issue of Medical Problems of Performing Artists asks an important question for performing arts medicine professionals: why haven’t we used the scientific method to determine optimal piano technique? More broadly framed, why
is technique in most of the performing arts based much more on tradition and expert opinion than on the results of carefully designed scientific studies?
Performance and Recovery: Stress Profiles in Professional Ballroom Dancers
Authors: Liiv Helena , Jürimäe Toivo , Klonova Alina , Cicchella Antonio
Published: June 2020

Like other athletes, ballroom dancers often compete in short time in different countries under condition of high stress, subjecting them to risk of injury and burnout. In the present study, we measured the aerobic and anaerobic capacities (both during dance and during a simulated ballroom
competition), agility, hand and abdominal strength, jumping capacity, flexibility, and balance in 16 top-level couples of ballroom dancers (8 males, 8 females). The in-season level of perceived stress and recovery was assessed using the Rest Q 76 questionnaire, and the relationship with aerobic
and anaerobic capacity and with the other tests was studied. Our results show a very high level of aerobic/anaerobic fitness in this population, as well as a high level of stress in males. Balance and experience (age of the subjects) appear to be key characteristics linked to the position
in the IDSF World Ranking (world ranking points = 8.67 3 age + 5.86 3 balance + 1174, 65; R2 = 0.740). Emotional stress (r = 0.83, p = 0.04), social stress (r = 0.72, p = 0.032), and sleep quality (r = 0.92, p = 0.001) scales of the Rest Q appear also to be linked with balance but only in
females.
Notes from the Third Annual Toronto Regional Meeting of PAMA, February 16–17, 2013
Authors: Robson Bonnie E
Published: June 2020

Once again the weather cooperated and there was no difficulty in getting to the northern PAMA Regional meeting.
Sistema de Transmissão de Dados Meteorológicos em Tempo Real para Celulares de Usuários de Marinas
Authors: Suski Cássio Aurélio , Sanches Sergio Roberto
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma estação meteorológica com transmissão de dados em tempo real, via SMS e aplicativos de comunicação, para aparelhos de celular dos praticantes de esportes náuticos. A metodologia dividiu-se em quatro etapas: programação, eletrônica, mecânica e meteorologia. Todo o processamento dos dados e gravação em mídia magnética foi realizado por um microcontrolador do tipo Arduino. Os testes de campo e ajustes na fase de desenvolvimento da estação meteorológica foram realizados no Campus Florianópolis do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina (IFSC), por meio da comparação entre os dados da estação desenvolvida e de uma estação já existente. O registro dos elementos meteorológicos da estação em desenvolvimento e da estação já existente foram obtidos por meio de um datalogger em cada estação, a cada minuto, durante um período de 47 dias com acompanhamento semanal. A fase seguinte do desenvolvimento será de análise dos dados e possíveis ajustes das medições dos elementos meteorológicos e desenvolvimento da transmissão dos dados para o usuário final. Como resultado deste estudo pretende-se ter como produtos: um protótipo de estação meteorológica em uma marina no litoral norte de Santa Catarina; o registro de patente do protótipo no INPI e a submissão de artigo para publicação em revista científica.
Precisamos evoluir em transparência? - uma análise dos estados brasileiros na divulgação de informações sobre a Covid-19
Authors: Raupp Fabiano Maury , Pinho Jose Antonio Gomes de
Published: June 2020

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar a construção da transparência sobre a Covid-19 pelos estados brasileiros. Foram analisados os dados de boletins divulgados pela OKBR, a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva e documental, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram observados avanços na maioria dos estados em termos de pontuação e nível. Entretanto, ainda que os dados possam revelar uma preocupação de alguns governos em construir melhores condições de disponibilização de informações sobre o novo coronavírus, percebe-se que os estados ainda devem evoluir em transparência das informações. Depois de um mês de avaliações semanais, a taxa inicial nas categorias opaco, baixo e médio, que era de 90%, passou para 39% nesta última avaliação, além de nenhum estado se encontrar mais na faixa opaco e somente um estar no nível baixo. Próximos da pontuação máxima, Pernambuco, Ceará, Espírito Santo e Rondônia poderiam ser utilizados como benchmarking pelos demais estados.