bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purchase and Use of Fuel
Authors: Stone E. Wadsworth
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the author discusses the location of industry, sources of its fuel supply, available competing fuels and their relative cost, the purchaser’s combustion equipment, the method and efficiency of conversion, all of which are factors influencing the cost of power and the fuel necessary to produce it. The history of fuel production, supply, regulation and use, and the substantial improvement in combustion equipment during the last twenty years afford an interesting commentary upon the complicated problem of fuel purchase and supply.
Salt-Velocity Measurements at Low Velocities in Pipes
Authors: Hooper Leslie J.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes tests made at the Alden Hydraulic Laboratory to determine the performance of the salt-velocity method at low velocities. Three series of tests were made: the first in a 40-in. pipe, the second in a 12-in. vertical pipe in which the test section and its approaches could be readily reversed, and the third in a horizontal 2-in. pipe. The tests show that for flow in a long straight pipe and for velocities lower than those normally found in practice, there exists a critical mixing velocity below which good mixing of the injected brine does not occur. An analysis of the results indicates some of the factors which affect the critical mixing velocity. Finally, it was found that the effect of gravity on the accuracy of the method, when applied to a vertical pipe, is negligible as long as proper mixing is secured.
Determination of Purity of Steam by the Electrolytic-Conductivity Method
Authors: Gurney W. B. , Schwartz M. C. , Crossan T. E.
Published: February 2023

In order to assure correct boiler operation and to evaluate the effect of changes in water treatment or boiler design on purity of steam being delivered, it is essential to be able to measure any contamination that may occur. This paper, which is the last of three papers by the authors on the subject of steam purity, gives the procedure for making a practically continuous determination of steam purity by the only satisfactory method thus far available. In this method the electrolytic conductivity of the condensed steam is measured and then converted to a solids basis. The distillation and the gravimetric methods are also discussed by the authors.
XPS analysis of graphitic carbon nitride functionalized with CoO and CoFe2O4
Authors: Benedet Mattia , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Barreca Davide , Gasparotto Alberto , Maccato Chiara
Published: February 2023

Materials based on graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) have drawn a great deal of attention as (photo)electrocatalysts triggering the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in H2O splitting processes to yield hydrogen fuel. In this work, nonmonochromatized Mg Kα radiation (1253.6 eV) was used to acquire photoelectron spectroscopy data on gCN-containing composite systems supported on fluorine-doped tin oxide. The investigated materials were prepared via a straightforward decantation route to yield carbon nitride, followed by functionalization with low amounts of nanostructured co-catalysts (CoO, CoFe2O4) through radio frequency-sputtering, and final thermal treatment under an inert atmosphere. Structural and morphological analyses highlighted the formation of composite systems, in which the single constituents, featuring an intimate contact, maintained their chemical identity. This work proposes a data record including both survey scans and high-resolution spectra of C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, Co 2p, and Fe 2p core-levels for three representative specimens comprising bare and functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (gCN, gCN-CoO, and gCN-CoFe2O4). The obtained results, discussed in relation to the different chemical environments for the various elements, will be useful as a comparison for further studies in related fields.
No evidence for a benefit from masker harmonicity in the perception of speech in noise
Authors: Steinmetzger Kurt , Rosen Stuart
Published: February 2023

When assessing the intelligibility of speech embedded in background noise, maskers with a harmonic spectral structure have been found to be much less detrimental to performance than noise-based interferers. While spectral “glimpsing” in between the resolved masker harmonics and reduced envelope modulations of harmonic maskers have been shown to contribute, this effect has primarily been attributed to the proposed ability of the auditory system to cancel harmonic maskers from the signal mixture. Here, speech intelligibility in the presence of harmonic and inharmonic maskers with similar spectral glimpsing opportunities and envelope modulation spectra was assessed to test the theory of harmonic cancellation. Speech reception thresholds obtained from normal-hearing listeners revealed no effect of masker harmonicity, neither for maskers with static nor dynamic pitch contours. The results show that harmonicity, or time-domain periodicity, as such, does not aid the segregation of speech and masker. Contrary to what might be assumed, this also implies that the saliency of the masker pitch did not affect auditory grouping. Instead, the current data suggest that the reduced masking effectiveness of harmonic sounds is due to the regular spacing of their spectral components.
Erratum to: Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Envelope (E) Protein of Far-Eastern Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Subtype (Sofjin Strain)
Authors: Dubova K. M. , Vlaskina A. V. , Korzhenevskiy D. A. , Agapova Yu. K. , Rakitina T. V. , Samygina V. R.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063774522070501
Two siblings with a rare type of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Authors: Alhakim Fatima Riyadh , AlKhayyat Haya
Published: February 2023

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a type of diabetes that does not entirely fit the usually encountered type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is a monogenic, familial and non-autoimmune diabetes among children and young adults resulting from autosomal dominant gene mutations.

MODY diagnosis is confirmed by molecular genetic testing, which is costly. Therefore, it is rarely done.

Nearly 1%–6% of diabetes has a monogenic cause but this is frequently misclassified as type 1 diabetes mellitus due to the lack of genetic testing. Therefore, a correct diagnosis of MODY is crucial for determining the plan of management. Furthermore, having a patient with MODY in a family indicates screening other family members. In this case report, we highlight that paediatric diabetes cases are not always type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus since two siblings incidentally presented with hyperglycaemia and a confirmed diagnosis of MODY type 10 was ultimately made. Moreover, their mother who was previously labelled as a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed later as MODY after genetic testing.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention targeting homophobic language use by young male athletes: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Denison Erik , Faulkner Nicholas , O’Brien Kerry S , Jeanes Ruth , Canning Mitch
Published: February 2023

Objective

Homophobic language is common in male sport and associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes for all sport participants, but particularly for gay or bisexual youth populations. Evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce such language and mitigate harm. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a short social-cognitive educational intervention delivered by professional rugby union players in youth sport.

Methods

In a two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial, 13 Australian youth rugby teams from 9 clubs (N=167, ages 16–20, mean 17.9) were randomised into intervention or control groups. Professional rugby players delivered the intervention in-person. Frequency of homophobic language use was measured 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the intervention. Hypothesised factors underpinning homophobic language were also measured, including descriptive (other people use), prescriptive and proscriptive injunctive norms (approval/disapproval by others), and attitudes towards the acceptability of homophobic language.

Results

At baseline, 49.1% of participants self-reported using homophobic language in the past 2 weeks and 72.7% reported teammates using homophobic language. Significant relationships were found between this behaviour and the hypothesised factors targeted by the intervention. However, generalised estimating equations found the intervention did not significantly reduce homophobic language, or alter the associated norms and attitudes, relative to controls.

Conclusion

Use of professional rugby athletes to deliver education on homophobic language was not effective. Other approaches to reduce homophobic language (and other forms of discrimination) such as peer-to-peer education, and enforcement of policies prohibiting specific language by coaches, should be explored.
Analysis of a database of open pit mine slope failures to predict travel distance, setback distance, and geometric properties
Authors: Timchenko Anna , Briaud Jean-Louis
Published: February 2023

In mining, open pits have slopes cut as steep as possible to ensure efficient mining yet not too steep to jeopardize safety. Building on existing contributions, the Texas A&M University Mine Slope database (TAMU-MineSlope) was created to provide global-scale insights into the runout mechanics of open pit slope failures and offer the database to engineers for further study. The database includes 134 cases of open pit slope failures that occurred at 76 mines worldwide. Based on energy principles and an analysis of the TAMU-MineSlope data, an equation to predict the travel distance of the slope failure mass is presented in this paper. Furthermore, based on the case histories analysis, an equation to predict the setback distance is proposed. Finally, the TAMU-MineSlope database shows that the average width to height ratio of the failing slope mass is 2.7 and that, for this ratio, the 3D factor of safety (FS) can reach a value 15% higher than the 2D FS. The database has been released in the public domain.
Long term experimental verification of a single chip quantum random number generator fabricated on the InP platform
Authors: Chrysostomidis Themistoklis , Roumpos Ioannis , Alvarez Outerelo David , Troncoso-Costas Marcos , Moskalenko Valentina , Garcia-Escartin Juan Carlos , Diaz-Otero Francisco J. , Vyrsokinos Konstantinos
Published: February 2023

This work presents the results from the experimental evaluation of a quantum random number generator circuit over a period of 300 minutes based on a single chip fabricated on the InP platform. The circuit layout contains a gain switched laser diode (LD), followed by a balanced Mach Zehnder Interferometer for proper light power distribution to the two arms of an unbalanced MZI incorporating a 65.4 mm long spiral waveguide that translates the random phase fluctuations to power variations. The LD was gain-switched at 1.3 GHz and the chip delivered a min-entropy of 0.5875 per bit after removal of the classical noise, resulting a total aggregate bit rate of 6.11 Gbps. The recoded data set successfully passed the 15-battery test NIST statistical test suite for all data sets.
Effect of the two-parameter generalized Dunkl derivative on the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Mota R. D. , Ojeda-Guillén D.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the Dunkl derivative with two parameters to study the Schrödinger equation in Cartesian and polar coordinates in two dimensions. The eigenfunctions and the energy spectrum for the harmonic oscillator and the Coulomb problem are derived in an analytical way and it is shown that our results are properly reduced to those previously reported for the Dunkl derivative with a single parameter.
The superradiance phenomenon in spin-one particles
Authors: Valladares Sebastián , Rojas Clara
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we solve the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) equation in the presence of hyperbolic tangent potential for spin-one particles. By partitioning the spin-one spinor, we show that the DKP equation is equivalent to the Klein–Gordon equation formalism. The scattering solutions are derived in terms of hypergeometric functions. The reflection [Formula: see text] and transmission [Formula: see text] coefficients are calculated in terms of the Gamma functions. The results show the presence of the superradiance phenomenon when [Formula: see text] for a specific region in the potential becomes greater than one.
Age Prediction for Energy-Aware Communication in WSN Using Hybrid Optimization-Enabled Deep Belief Network
Authors: Kumar K. Suresh , Vimala P.
Published: February 2023

To perceive the data utilizing sensor nodes, wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of several nodes connected to a wireless channel. However, the sink node, also known as a base station (BS), provides power to the WSN and acts as an access node for a number of the network’s sensor devices. Weather monitoring, field surveillance, and the collection of meteorological data are just a few of the various uses for WSN. The energy of each node directly affects how long a wireless network will last. So, to increase the lifespan of WSN, effective routing is required. Using the suggested Taylor sea lion optimization-based deep belief network (TSLnO-based DBN), the ultimate purpose of this research is to build a method for energy-aware communication in WSN. In the setup stage, cluster head (CH) is chosen using a hybrid optimization technique called ant lion whale optimization (ALWO), which is created by fusing the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and ant lion optimizer (ALO). It is important to note that CH’s selection criteria are solely based on fitness factors such as energy and distance. The second phase, known as the steady state step, is when the updating of energy and trust takes place. In the prediction phase, the network classifier is trained using a newly created optimization method called TSLnO, and the age of neighbor nodes is predicted by estimating the energy of neighbors using DBN. By combining the Taylor Series and the sea lion optimization (SLnO) method, the proposed TSLnO is produced. The communication/route discovery phase, which occurs in the fourth phase, is where the path through nearby nodes is chosen. The maintenance phase of the route is the fifth phase.
Single- and Double-Peak Solitary Waves of Two-Component Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson System with Kuramoto–Sivashinsky Perturbation
Authors: Huang Zihong , Wen Zhenshu
Published: February 2023

Solitary wave solutions of two-component Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson system with Kuramoto–Sivashinsky perturbation are considered. We first employ geometric singular perturbation theory to reduce the higher-dimensional system of equations to the perturbed planar system. We then further exploit the Melnikov method to explore the persistence of one homoclinic orbit, and the generation of a new homoclinic orbit, indicating the existence of single- and double-peak solitary waves. Of particular interest is the appearance of the double-peak solitary wave solution. Finally, we include the numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results.
Singularly Degenerate Heteroclinic Cycles with Nearby Apple-Shape Attractors
Authors: Wang Haijun , Ke Guiyao , Dong Guili , Su Qifang , Pan Jun
Published: February 2023

Compared with most known singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles consisting of two different equilibria of a line or a curve, or two parallel lines of semi-hyperbolic equilibria, little seems to be noticed about the one that connects two perpendicular lines of semi-hyperbolic equilibria, i.e. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], which is found in the mathematical chaos model: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Surprisingly, apple-shape attractors are also created nearby that kind of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles in the case of small [Formula: see text]. Further, some other rich dynamics are uncovered, i.e. global boundedness, Hopf bifurcation, limit cycles coexisting with one chaotic attractor, etc. We not only prove that the ultimate bound sets and globally exponentially attracting sets perfectly coincide under the same parameters, but also illustrate four limit cycles coexisting with one chaotic attractor, the saddle in the origin, and other two stable nontrivial node-foci, which are also trapped in the obtained globally exponentially attracting set, extending the recently reported results of the Lü-type subsystem. In addition, combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the bidirectional forming mechanism of that kind of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles is illustrated, and their collapses may create three-scroll/apple-shape attractors, or limit cycles, etc. Finally, conservative chaotic flows are numerically found in the new system. We expect that the outcome of the study may provide a reference for subsequent research.
Cosmetic surgery conjecture for three strand pretzel knots
Authors: Ri Kang-Il , Ri Won-Hak , Jong Nam-Il
Published: February 2023

The problem whether the purely cosmetic surgery conjecture holds for any knots is open. Using recent work of Hanselman, the conjecture was proved for any pretzel knots [A. I. Stipsicz and Z. Szabo, Purely cosmetic surgeries and pretzel knots (2020), arXiv:2006.06765]. In this paper, we prove the conjecture for any three strand pretzel knots in a way that does not depend on Heegaard Floer homology.
Nuclear response to dark matter signals in Ge and Xe odd-mass targets
Authors: Saez M. M. , Civitarese O. , Tarutina T. , Fushimi K.
Published: February 2023

The interaction of dark matter particles (weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs)) with the odd-mass [Formula: see text]Ge and [Formula: see text]Xe target nuclei, that is, the recoil rates corresponding to the elastic scattering of WIMPs by these nuclei, is analyzed in the context of the minimal extensions of the supersymmetry model. The BCS+QRPA technique plus the quasiparticle–phonon coupling scheme is used to describe the nuclear structure part of the calculations. The resulting values for the nuclear spin content of both nuclei are compared to values previously reported in the literature.
Crash Stability Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Oriented Energy-Absorbing Structure for Locomotive
Authors: Qu Cheng-Ju , Xu Ping , Yao Shu-Guang , Yang Cheng-Xing , Jin Xi-Hong
Published: February 2023

When the train collides, the anti-climbing energy-absorbing structure suffers huge impact force, which results in obvious deformation and energy absorption. Through the study of collision test and accident, it is found that the anti-climbing energy-absorbing structure produces obvious instability phenomenon when the collision occurs, and the lateral head shaking or vertical head nodding movement is likely to lead obvious buckling deformation of the energy absorption structure, which greatly reduces the structural energy absorption effect and increases the risk of train climbing. The guide structure of the anti-climbing structure affects the deformation and energy absorption to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper establishes the finite element model of the trolley with anti-climbing energy absorption structure, and the model is verified by experiments. Based on the verified finite element model, the effects of the diameter [Formula: see text] and thickness [Formula: see text] of the guide tube, the gap [Formula: see text] between the inner and outer guide tube and the vertical offset [Formula: see text] of the trolley center of mass on the energy absorption, vertical and horizontal stability of the structure were studied. The results show that the trolley center of mass offset [Formula: see text], the diameter [Formula: see text] and the wall thickness [Formula: see text] of the guide tube have a large influence on the deformed energy absorption mode of the anti-climbing energy absorption structure and the stability of the trolley. In order to investigate the influence of the trolley center of mass offset [Formula: see text], the diameter [Formula: see text] and wall thickness [Formula: see text] of the guide tube on the anti-climbing energy absorption structure, the response surface (RS) model of the design of experiment (DOE) was used together with the finite element model (FEM) calibrated by the test. Finally, based on the established RS model, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used for multi-objective optimization design. The results show that the amount of energy absorbed (EA) by the anti-climbing energy absorbing structure, and the mass of the guide tube [Formula: see text] cannot be optimized simultaneously. Finally, the optimization results provide a good design matrix for obtaining anti-climbing energy absorbing structures and recommendations with excellent performance in terms of crashworthiness of locomotive.
The two-barrier escape problem for compound renewal processes with two-sided jumps
Authors: Villarroel Javier , Vega Juan A.
Published: February 2023

We consider the problem of determining two-sided exit probabilities for a compound renewal process with drift and two-sided jumps. In certain cases the problem can be reduced to determining the distribution of a random sum of i.i.d. random variables. In a general situation this problem is reduced to solving a certain integral equation. We obtain explicit expressions for the escape probability for several classes of jump times and sizes.
Capturing Innovative Business Response in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Bui My-Trinh , Phi Hong-Minh
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic urges hospitality and tourism businesses to design innovative responses to rapid competition and challenges. This study begins by finding out how innovation-based collaboration, perceived status certainty, and adaptation to digital technology jointly encourage higher levels of innovative business response to the COVID-19 outbreak under complexity aspects. The findings indicate that adaptation to digital technology, perceived status certainty, and innovation-based collaboration have a strong influence on configuring innovative business responses. This paper provides new insights into how the complexity of human-related, environment-related, and technology-related factors predict the innovative response of business providers in the tourism and hospitality industries.
An Empirical Enquiry into Transnational Co-Patent Networks and their Characteristics, Evolution: The Case of Electric Vehicle Technology
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Tao Yuan , Bi Kexin
Published: February 2023

Electric vehicle technology is a crucial technology for achieving sustainable energy transformation, which is of great significance to climate change and promotes sustainable development. This paper attempts to study the transnational R&D cooperation of electric vehicles. According to the authorized data of transnational co-patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), a social network analysis method is employed, and a detailed study of transnational co-patent networks in electric vehicles is conducted, including the construction of network, the analysis of nationality distribution of co-patent inventors, the analysis of structural characteristics and important nodes of network in different stages from the perspective of inventors and countries. The research results show that the cooperative groups formed by inventors are independent of each other and have not yet formed a large network; the degree of transnational cooperation in developed countries far exceeds that in developing countries; the US and Germany are the dual-core in the transnational co-patent networks; the breadth and intensity of transnational cooperation are strengthening, and the regional borders are less and less restrictive. As for the existing problems, authoritative inventors could organize large international R&D cooperation institutions to gather dispersed inventors together and connect them into a large inventors’ network; developing countries are encouraged to seek partners through the network, actively participate in transnational R&D cooperation, and developed countries are encouraged to hold global technological innovation events.
High-Growth Middle-Sized Firms’ Performance During the Pandemic (Russian Case)
Authors: Pletnev Dmitri , Naumova Kseniia
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a substantial challenge for national economies. The survivability and better performance of some companies can serve as lessons for others, and those who learn the said lessons faster will take the lead in the post-COVID world. One of the national economic development drivers is high-growth firms (HGFs), also known as gazelles. High-growth middle-sized firms (HGMFs) have a notable impact on the national economy as significant employers, producers, and tax-payers. This paper aims to find the peculiarities in the reactions of HGMFs to the COVID-19 pandemic based on Russian firms’ data. This research uses the official statistics of middle-sized Russian firms (7944 firms, 238 gazelles). Gazelles are identified based on 2016–2019 data and then compared with normal medium-sized firms (NMFs) using 2020 data. In total, 14 hypotheses are formulated and tested, with those hypotheses focused on five aspects of firms’ performance: the ability to grow, profitability, efficiency, solvency, and employability. The research utilizes a one-way ANOVA test and Z-test for proportions for different types of hypotheses. Hypotheses testing shows that HGFs demonstrate better ability to grow, better efficiency, better solvency, and better employability than normal firms. However, they cannot maintain their higher profitability in 2020, despite higher net income values in comparison with other companies. The research confirms that HGMFs have unique capabilities to overcome these kinds of crises, and that such capabilities can be scaled to other business entities to increase their survivability in times of future crises. The research can be extended to small firms, 2021-year data analysis, and comparative cross-industry or cross-country analysis.
Global existence and decay rates of solutions for Vlasov–Navier–Stokes–Fokker–Planck equations with magnetic field
Authors: Song Yingcong
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider the two-phase flow model coupled by the incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations and the discrete-phase (particle) dynamics equation Vlasov–Fokker–Planck in [Formula: see text]. When the initial value is a small perturbation of an equilibrium state, the global well-posedness of the strong solution in the three-dimensional global space is established by using the optimal decay estimation and energy estimation. In particular, we are able to show the algebraic convergence rate of the solution to the equilibrium state. While for periodic domain, the same result still holds, but the rate of convergence is exponential.
Surveying the Effects of Remote Communication & Collaboration Practices on Game Developers Amid a Pandemic
Authors: Caravella Elizabeth , Shivener Rich , Narayanamoorthy Nanditha
Published: February 2023

Communication and collaboration are essential parts of the game development process. However, during the global pandemic, the shift to remote work marked a sudden change in how developers could communicate and collaborate with one another, as usual ad-hoc conversations that happen in physical offices were nonexistent. Based on a partnership grant study with the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), this piece focuses on the results of a survey that examined developers' mental health and productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that most game developers want a hybrid or fully remote position even after pandemic conditions subside. Failure to address the pandemic's impact on the game development industry risks ignoring a rich area of technical communication complicated by, and responsive to, hybrid workplaces.
Modelling of Speech Parameters of Punjabi by Pre-trained Deep Neural Network Using Stacked Denoising Autoencoders
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Singh Parminder
Published: February 2023

Statistical parametric speech synthesis techniques such as deep neural network (DNN) and hidden Markov model (HMM) have grown in popularity since last decade over the concatenative speech synthesis approaches by modelling excitation and spectral parameters of speech to synthesize the waveforms from the written text. Due to inappropriate acoustic modelling, speech synthesized using HMM-based speech synthesis sounds muffled. DNN tried to improve the acoustic model by replacing decision trees in HMM with powerful regression model. Further, the performance of a deep neural network is greatly enhanced using pre-learning either restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) or autoencoders. RBMs are capable to map multi-modal property of speech but result in spectral distortion of synthesized speech waveforms as non-consideration of reconstruction error. This article proposed the model of deep neural network, which is pre-trained using stacked denoising autoencoders to map speech parameters of the Punjabi language. Denoising autoencoders work by adding noise in the training data and then reconstructing the original measurements to reduce the reconstruction error. The synthesized voice using the proposed model showed the VARN of 0.82, F0 RMSE (Hz) 9.03, and V/UV error rate of 4.04% have been observed.
Deep Neural Network with Embedding Fusion for Chinese Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Long Kaifang , Zhao Han , Shao Zengzhen , Cao Yang , Geng Yanfang , Sun Yintai , Xu Weizhi , Yu Hui
Published: February 2023

Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an essential task in natural language processing, and its performance directly impacts the downstream tasks. The main challenges in Chinese NER are the high dependence of named entities on context and the lack of word boundary information. Therefore, how to integrate relevant knowledge into the corresponding entity has become the primary task for Chinese NER. Both the lattice LSTM model and the WC-LSTM model did not make excellent use of contextual information. Additionally, the lattice LSTM model had a complex structure and did not exploit the word information well. To address the preceding problems, we propose a Chinese NER method based on the deep neural network with multiple ways of embedding fusion. First, we use a convolutional neural network to combine the contextual information of the input sequence and apply a self-attention mechanism to integrate lexicon knowledge, compensating for the lack of word boundaries. The word feature, context feature, bigram feature, and bigram context feature are obtained for each character. Second, four different features are used to fuse information at the embedding layer. As a result, four different word embeddings are obtained through cascading. Last, the fused feature information is input to the encoding and decoding layer. Experiments on three datasets show that our model can effectively improve the performance of Chinese NER.
Tensor-Empowered LSTM for Communication-Efficient and Privacy-Enhanced Cognitive Federated Learning in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Yang Laurence T. , Liu Debin , Lu Wanli , Zhu Chenlu , Ruan Yiheng
Published: February 2023

Multimedia cognitive computing as a revolutionary emerging concept of artificial intelligence emulating the reasoning process like human brains can facilitate the evolution of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to be smarter, safer, and more efficient. Massive multimedia traffic big data is an important prerequisite for the success of cognitive computing in ITS. However, traditional data-centralized artificial intelligence approaches often face the problems of data islands and data famine due to concerns about data privacy and security. To this end, we propose the concept of cognitive federated learning leveraging federated learning as the learning paradigm for cognitive computing, which solves the preceding concerns by sharing updated models rather than raw data. Nevertheless, the exchange of numerous model parameters not only generates significant communication overhead but also suffers from the risk of privacy leakage due to inference attacks. This article aims to design a novel lightweight and privacy-enhanced cognitive federated learning architecture to facilitate the development of ITS. First, a privacy-enhanced model protection scheme with homomorphic encryption as the underlying technology is proposed to simultaneously defend against the inference attacks launched by external malicious attackers,
honest-but-curious
cognitive platforms, and internal participants. Furthermore, a novel tensor ring-block decomposition and its corresponding deep computation model converting the weight tensor into a set of matrices and third-order core tensors are proposed, which could reduce the communication overhead and storage requirements without compromising model performance. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that the proposed approach performs well.
Think More Ambiguity Less: A Novel Dual Interactive Model with Local and Global Semantics for Chinese Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Jia Yue , Fang Wei , Lu Heng-Yang
Published: February 2023

Chinese is a representative East Asian language. Chinese Named Entity Recognition (CNER) aims to recognize various entities. It is significant for other NLP tasks to utilize CNER. Recent research to develop CNER systems has been dedicated to either considering word enhancement or capturing global information to strengthen local composition and alleviate word ambiguity in the meanings of words. However, information on words acquired from external lexicons is often confused, and this has led to incorrect judgments regarding the boundaries of words. Moreover, relevant studies typically use excessively complex models to capture the global semantics of sentences. To solve these two problems, we incorporate a global representation into the procedure of local word enhancement. We propose an intuitive and effective dual-module interactive network that can enhance the boundaries of words and extract the global semantics by using a rethinking mechanism to refine the importance of local composition and global information. The results of experiments on four CNER datasets showed that the proposed model can outperform other baselines in terms of the F1 score.
Imaging-based assessment of lung function in a population cooking indoors with biomass fuel: a pilot study
Authors: Kizhakke Puliyakote Abhilash S. , Stapleton Emma M. , Durairaj Kumar , Karuppusamy Kesavan , Kathiresan Geetha B. , Shanmugam Kumaran , Abdul Rahim Sirajunnisa , Navaneethakrishnan Suresh , Bilas Monalisa , Huang Rui , Metwali Nervana , Jeronimo Matthew , Chan Kung-Sik , Guo Junfeng , Nagpal Prashant , Peters Thomas M. , Thorne Peter S. , Comellas Alejandro P. , Hoffman Eric A.
Published: February 2023

Quantitative computed tomography has identified a cluster of women (33%) cooking with biomass fuels (wood) with image-based markers of functional small airways disease and associated alterations in regional lung mechanics. Texture and image registration-based metrics of lung function may allow for early detection of potential inflammatory processes that may arise in response to inhaled biomass smoke, and help identify phenotypes of chronic lung disease prevalent in nonsmoking women in the developing world.
Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk
Authors: Hall Liam G. , Thyfault John P. , Johnson James D.
Published: February 2023

Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
Extracellular matrix content and remodeling markers do not differ in college-aged men classified as higher and lower responders to resistance training
Authors: Godwin Joshua S. , Sexton Casey L. , Kontos Nicholas J. , Ruple Bradley A. , Willoughby Darryn S. , Young Kaelin C. , Mobley C. Brooks , Roberts Michael D.
Published: February 2023

Although past studies have examined aspects of extracellular matrix remodeling in relation to mechanical overload or resistance training, this study serves to expand our knowledge on a multitude of extracellular matrix markers and whether these markers adapt to resistance training or are associated with differential hypertrophic responses.
Greater aortic perivascular adipose tissue density is associated with aging, aortic stiffness, and central blood pressure in humans
Authors: Fleenor Bradley S. , Carlini Nicholas A. , Ouyang An , Du Bing , Harber Matthew P.
Published: February 2023

Aortic perivascular adipose tissue (aPVAT) promotes age-related aortic stiffening in preclinical animal models, but the relation between aPVAT density and cardiovascular function in adults is unknown. We demonstrate that aPVAT, but not abdominal visceral adipose tissue density, is positively associated with aging, aortic stiffness, and higher resting aortic blood pressure in apparently healthy adults. These findings provide novel evidence for aPVAT as a viable therapeutic target for improving cardiovascular function in humans.
Identification of Host Critical Stage Affected by Orobanche crenata and Variation in the Resistance of Faba Bean Genotypes under Infested Field and Controlled Conditions in Ethiopia
Authors: Diriba Lemma
Published: February 2023

Orobanche crenata is a serious parasitic weed and a major constraint on legume crops, particularly for faba bean, which causes about 75–100% of yield losses in Ethiopia. Twenty faba bean genotypes were evaluated in Orobanche infested fields and pot experiments in Tigray, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to determine the critical stage of host plants affected by parasite and to evaluate resistance level of faba bean genotypes. The degree of infection and host resistance level was evaluated at three host growing stages (flowering, pod setting, and maturity stages) using different traits like number of Orobanche emerged per plant, per plot, incidence, and severity. The agronomic data such as stand count at emergence, flowering, pod setting, maturity, plant height, pod number, seed per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain yield were recorded from five and three randomly selected plants in the field and pot experiments, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that there were high significant variations

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in measured traits between the three host growing stages and between genotypes in agronomic traits. The effect of O. crenata on host plant was started from the flowering stage, but the pod setting stage is economically important stage at which actual effect of the parasite was observed both at field and pot experiments. Based on the result of the study, all tested traits at field and pot experiments allowed separating the faba bean genotypes into three groups: partially resistant and or tolerant genotypes “Ashange, Dide’a, and Obse,” moderately susceptible genotypes “Holleta, Selale, Wayu, Welki, Mesay, Bulga, Degaga, Gachena, Mosise, and Shalo,” and highly susceptible genotypes “Moti, Gebelcho, Dosha, Tumsa, Hachalu, and Tesfa Aloshe.”
Study on Key Drivers and Collaborative Management Strategies for Construction and Demolition Waste Utilization in New Urban District Development: From a Social Network Perspective
Authors: Shen Ling , Zhang Zhaokun , Tang Lingyi
Published: February 2023

Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) during new district development shows the characteristics of large quantity, concentrated distribution, and long duration on both supply and demand sides. The construction of the new district has objective conditions to promote the scale development of recycling industries and achieve green development through local digestion, so the recycling indicators for the new district proposed by the government are generally higher than those of other regions. However, many new districts have yet to systematically identify key drivers (KDs) of recycling and form win-win governance mechanisms with multiple government and market subjects, resulting in uncontrolled accumulation or high-cost discard of C&DW. This paper identifies 29 recycling drivers and 8 governing subjects through literature research and a field study of five national new districts in China. Then, a 2-mode social network and two 1-mode social networks are constructed to analyze the complex interactions between drivers and governing subjects, taking Nanjing Jiangbei New District as an example. The results of the study show that most of the drivers need at least 2 governance subjects to promote together, which indicates that it is necessary to build a collaborative governance mechanism of multiple subjects. This study provides a structured framework to analyze the drivers of recycling in new district development and the collaborative governance of multiple subjects, which can provide a basis for promoting efficient recycling of new district development.
SAPHO Syndrome Complicated by Lesions of the Central Nervous System Successfully Treated with Brodalumab
Authors: Funabiki Masahide , Tahara Masayuki , Kondo Seiko , Ayuzawa Naho , Yanagida Hidetoshi
Published: February 2023

Synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare disease with an unknown entity that affects the skin and the peripheral and/or axial joints. Here, we report on a patient with SAPHO syndrome complicated by lesions of the central nervous system who was successfully treated with brodalumab, an IL-17 receptor blocker. He had been suffering from arthralgia in the wrists and knees as well as axial symptoms such as back pain and assimilation of cervical vertebrae. He had been treated with corticosteroid, salazosulfapyridine, methotrexate, and bisphosphonate; however, his peripheral and axial articular manifestation were intractable. Recently, biologics predominantly targeting TNF-α is employed for difficult-to-treat SAPHO cases; however, he had been complicated with the lesions of the central nervous system resembling multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disorder in the central nervous system, for which application of TNF-α inhibitor is contraindicated. Alternatively, brodalumab was administered , which promptly ameliorated the articular manifestations without aggravating the lesions of the central nervous system. We propose that this type of IL-17 blockade could be an alternative therapy for DMARDs-resistant SAPHO syndrome.
Protective Effect of Dolichos biflorus Seed Extract on 3T3‐L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity in Rats
Authors: Athesh Kumaraswamy , Agnel Arul John Nayagam , Sridharan Gurunagarajan , Brindha Pemiah , Alanazi Amer M. , Rengasamy Kannan R. R. , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Liu Wen-Chao , Vijaya Anand Arumugam
Published: February 2023

Obesity is known to be one of the severe health issues worldwide, as its prevalence continues to rise as well as its association with other chronic diseases worsens. Even though various approaches have been underway to prevent or treat obesity, alternative approaches are in need to combat this chronic condition because of the unsatisfactory effectiveness and adverse side effects of the existing approaches. Dolichos biflorus L. seeds have been employed as a weight‐loss treatment in folk medicine. Considering the necessity to develop a safe alternative remedy to rising obesity, the current investigation has been set up to assess the antiobesity potential and the mode of action of the aqueous seed extract of D. biflorus (ASEDB) in a cell line (3T3‐L1) and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced rats. For in-vitro studies, 3T3‐L1 cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) augmented with adipogenic‐inducing medium and the influence of the extract (10 µg/mL–500 µg/mL) on 3T3‐L1 adipocyte viability, adipogenesis, and lipolysis was assessed. An in-vitro study revealed maintenance of cell viability, reduced triglycerides (TG) accumulation, and promoted lipolysis in 3T3‐L1 cells by ASEDB. Following in-vitro analysis, the HFD‐induced obese rats were treated with ASEDB at different concentrations (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 60 days and the effect was evaluated through various anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The findings revealed a significant decrement in total body weight, organ weights, fat pad weights, and restoration of abnormal levels of glucose, leptin, insulin, lipid markers, and antioxidant system to normal by ASEDB treatment. Also, pancreatic lipase inhibition analysis of ASEDB revealed a modest level of inhibition with an IC50 value of 213.3 µg/mL. All these findings exposed that ASEDB possesses pronounced antiobesity potential and exhibits its protective effect by suppressing food intake, reducing fat digestion and absorption, limiting adipogenesis, enhancing lipolysis, and alleviating oxidative stress.
Esculentoside A Inhibits Proliferation, Colony Formation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Momenah Maha Abdullah , Almutairi Layla Awad , Alqhtani Haifa Ali , Al-Saeed Fatimah A. , Syaad Khalid M. Al , Alhag Sadeq K. , Al-qahtani Mohammed A. , Hakami Zaki Hussain , Mallick Jewel , Ahmed Ahmed Ezzat
Published: February 2023

Esculentosides include a group of plant‐derived compounds with tremendous pharmacological potential. The antiproliferative effects of esculentoside A against different colorectal cancer cells were evaluated. We found that the proliferation of all the colorectal cancer cells was halted by esculentoside A. The IC50 of esculentoside A ranged from 16 to 24 μM against different colorectal cancer cells. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that esculentoside A caused an increase in the colorectal cancer cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, indicative of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The percentage of G1 cells increased from 22.68% in control to 54.23% at 16 μM esculentoside A. We also found that the colony formation of HT‐29 cells was inhibited by 59% at 24 μM esculentoside A. Finally, effects of esculentoside A on the motility of HT‐29 colorectal cancer cells were investigated, and it was found that esculentoside A caused a significant decline in HT‐29 colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. The migration and invasion of esculentoside A‐treated HT‐29 cells were 45% and 51% higher, respectively, than those of untreated cells. Summing up, these results suggest that esculentoside A exhibits antiproliferative effects against human colorectal cancer cells.