bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendered Globalization: The Relationship between Globalization and Gender Gaps in Employment and Occupational Opportunities
Authors: Roll Yoav , Semyonov Moshe , Mandel Hadas
Published: November 2022

Despite the steady increase in the number of women who join the labor force, there are still substantial cross-country variations in both women’s labor force participation and gender-linked occupational inequality. Utilizing micro-data from 47 countries (circa 2013) obtained from the Luxembourg Income Study, we examine the extent to which globalization and each of its three components (economic, social and political) affect gender-based economic inequality. In particular, we investigate the effect of globalization on two outcomes: women’s labor force participation and women’s relative odds of obtaining high-income, high-status jobs. The findings show, first, that social globalization is more consequential for gender inequality in the labor market than either economic or political globalization. Second, while social globalization increases women’s labor force participation, it reduces women’s relative odds of obtaining lucrative, high-status jobs. The findings are discussed in light of the comparative literature on gender-based inequality.
Segmenting Consumer Location-Product Preferences for Assortment Localization
Authors: Liu Jia , Kawaguchi Kohei , li tao
Published: November 2022

When managing multiple stores in the same marketplace, retailers need to select store locations and localize product assortments to reflect the heterogeneous demand preferences across communities. This paper introduces a consumer-centric data-driven framework for market structural interpretation and localized assortment planning. The framework involves a dynamic system, called the dual Poisson Dynamic System with Multilayer Factorization (dPDS-MF), for panel data on product assortments and individual consumer purchases across vending locations. The dPDS-MF can help retailers profile different consumer segments driven by store visit preferences, measure relationships between store locations, and simultaneously estimate product preferences for each consumer segment. The framework also uses these model outputs to derive localized assortment strategies. We apply our proposed framework to the retail vending market in major train stations in Japan. We showcase the face validity of the model outputs and the value of the dPDS-MF for guiding decisions on vending locations. We also demonstrate the localized assortments derived from our framework are much more meaningful than those from the standard strategy in the literature.
Data and privacy: Putting Markets in (their) Place
Authors: Khera Reetika
Published: November 2022

Should privacy be a tradeable right? It is believed that the economic opportunities presented by the rise of the digital technologies and of the digital economy on the one hand, and of data mining capabilities on the other, need to be harnessed. It is seen as a case of missing markets by some where appropriate markets with adequate rules and regulations should be put in place. In this paper, I argue that the creating market for personal data, amounts to creating a market for trading privacy. A market for personal data/ privacy has all the characteristics of what Debra Satz (2010) characterizes as “noxious markets”. Following others including Bowles, Hausman and MacPherson and Sandel, I argue that the market for personal data should be included in the debates on moral limits to markets.
Long-term Consequences of Early Career Disadvantages on Fertility: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Chen Manting , Uchikoshi Fumiya
Published: November 2022

While studies have observed the short-term impact of nonstandard employment on fertility in low-fertility countries, few have sought to examine its long-term consequences despite the abundant evidence regarding the ‘scarring effects’ exerted by early-career disadvantages on later career outcomes. Our study addresses this gap by examining how the employment disadvantages that men had experienced during their early-stage careers affect their later fertility outcomes in Japan, which is a country characterized by rising nonstandard employment and a strong gender-based division of labor. Analyses of retrospective occupational history data including work entry cohorts from between 1970 and 2015 with multistate life-table models indicate that early-career disadvantages negatively affect men’s long-term fertility outcomes. Compared to men whose first jobs were in standard employment, men whose first job constituted nonstandard employment were approximately 30% less likely to have entered into marriage and approximately 35% less likely to have had a child by age 45. The scarring effect of nonstandard employment was particularly significant for the cohort who entered the labor market after the collapse of the bubble economy. Counterfactual estimates suggest that two-thirds of the cases of declining fertility due to nonstandard employment is explained by delayed marriage. We discuss the potential explanations of these results as well as the theoretical implications in other low fertility contexts.
High levels of support for European Union accession in Ukraine during the war in 2022. An analysis based on the ReUP study
Authors: Walter Lisa , Mayer Sabrina Jasmin , Dollmann Jörg , Jacobsen Jannes , Meth Artem
Published: November 2022

The relationship between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) has received increasing international attention in the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine. Using data collected as part of the Resettlement of Ukrainians Panel Study (ReUP), we analyse in this DeZIM.insights working paper the drivers of three dimensions of support towards the EU: positive attitude, attachment, and support for EU accession. We relate support with different concepts such as communal identity and with sociodemographic variables such as age, education, and gender. We find that support among Ukrainians for EU accession is high and that overall attitudes towards the EU are positive. Our multivariate analyses reveal that communal identity and regional origins in particular appear to be drivers of an orientation towards the EU. Regarding sociodemographic variables, we find higher levels of support among the oldest age group (respondents aged 51 years and older) on all three levels, and a higher feeling of attachment with the EU among respondents with a university degree.
Ectopic thyroid imitating a thyroglossal cyst: A case report
Authors: Sarmah Utpal , Hardikar Priyanka , Chhabria SanjayK , Vishnurag Athira
Published: November 2022

A twelve-year-old male child presented with a midline neck mass for three years that moved with deglutition and tongue protrusion. A clinical diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst was made and patient was further evaluated for surgery. Ultrasonography of neck showed an ectopic thyroid tissue with features of chronic thyroiditis superficial to thyroid cartilage and thyroid bed appeared empty. Cytopathology reported Bethesda category 2 features of chronic thyroiditis. Thyroid profile of the patient revealed sub clinical hypothyroidism. On further evaluation withTc-99m pertechnetate scan, it was revealed that this midline neck swelling was in fact the only functioning thyroid tissue, hence no surgery was performed. This case highlighted the importance of ultrasonography along with thyroid scan in the preoperative evaluation of a midline neck swelling.
Prevalence of depression in female patients with hypertension attending outdoor clinic in a Secondary care centre in Northern India
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Shergill Gagandeep Singh , Laxmi Raj , Pahuja Hardik
Published: November 2022

Background: Hypertension is one of the most serious medical conditions affecting a huge population worldwide. Similarly, depression is also one of the major conditions affecting people nowadays especially women who are housewives. There is a direct correlation associated between Hypertension and Depression, where each can worsen the others prognosis. Aims and Objective: Prevalence of depression in female patients with hypertension attending outdoor clinic in a Secondary care centre in Northern India. Materials and Methods: In our study we included 270 patients. Consent was taken and a semi structured proforma was used for collection of socio demographic details. HAM-D scale was used to assess Depression in the patients. Statistical analysis was done of the data that was collected. Results: 68.9% of the sample population had depression, with majority of them having mild symptoms. Moreover, there was statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of hypertension and mean HAM-D score. Conclusions: There is a requirement for proper screening of depression in patients especially females with hypertension so that they can be treated properly and at the earliest.
Knowledge of nursing Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about vaccination in adults
Authors: Ayatollahi Jamshid , Firouzabadi Mansoureh Moslemi , Mousavi Seyed Alireza , Akhondimeybodi Zohre , Hamidfar Mahdie , Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein
Published: November 2022

One of the most effective methods to avoid infectious diseases is immunization. The usage of vaccines has eliminated many diseases. Given that nurses are involved in vaccination of individuals, so, their knowledge of vaccination will be effective. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the level of knowledge of nursing students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd about adult’s vaccination from March 2021 to March 2022. This crosssectional study was done on 96 nursing students in Yazd. After receiving the ethics code, and ethical considerations, the questionnaires were given to the students. Finally, the analysis was performed using SPSS software and significance level of 0.05. Awareness of native students was significantly higher than non-natives. There was no significant difference in knowledge based on academic year. Student’s knowledge score was very low and this rate was only significantly related to native status of them.
Determination of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from urine culture samples
Authors: Ayatollahi Jamshid , Fotouhi Farid , Akhondimeybodi Zohre , Hamidfar Mahdie , Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein
Published: November 2022

The high use of antibiotics causes the increasing trend of microbial resistance, followed by the limitation of treatment options, the complexity of the treatment, and the increase in the cost of the healthcare system. In this study, we examined antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from urine culture samples in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd. This cross-sectional study was conducted on urine cultures related to patients hospitalized in different wards of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd in 2021. Antibiotic resistance to E. coli isolates was investigated in 395 cultures, and the data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). The highest antibiotic resistance of E. coli was to ampicillin. Resistance to gentamicin was the highest in the surgery ward and the lowest resistance was observed in the women's ward. Also, the resistance to cefepime was the highest in the surgery ward and the lowest resistance rate was related to the emergency ward. The results of the present study showed the high antibiotic resistance of Ecoli isolates in hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection, especially in the population of men and elderly people.
Epigenetics and its essence in understanding human growth, development and disease
Authors: Sr Chrysanthus Chukwuma
Published: November 2022

Epigenetics is a scientific discipline encompassing the genetic and non-genetic related perspectives of heritable phenotypic modifications of whose aetiologies include behavioural, anthropogenic, environmental, metabolic and spatiotemporal variables. Behavioral epigenetics examines how epigenetics shapes animal and human behaviour to explicate how nurture moulds nature; nature prefers to biological heredity and nurture prefers to occurrrences in the environment and hereditary during the lifespan of all individuals. Behavioural epigenetics features how experiences and the environment produce individual disparities in behaviour, cognition, personality, and mental health influence gene expression. Epigenetic gene regulation relates to modification of DNA sequence and histones as well as DNA methylation. These epigenetic alterations effect the growth of neurons in the developing brain and functional modification of neurons in the developed brain, with resultant significant alterations in neuron morphology. Epigenetic changes occur in the developing fetus and throughout the lifespan of an individual, with alterations in individual traits and transgenerational inheritance. Epigenetics is associated with heritable changes in gene actions and these are not due to DNA sequence alterations. Epigenetics may be termed sustained, long-run changes in the transcription veracity of a heritable or non-heritable cell. DNA methylation and histone alteration are mechanisms which modify gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression is driven by repressor protein actions which bind to DNA silencer regions.DNA methylation turns a gene ''off'' culminating in genetic information impairment to be read from DNA, but extricating the methyl tag can turn ''on'' the gene. Histone alteration defines the packaging of DNA into the chromosomes; and.these changes influence gene expression. This review provides the latitude to examine the extant information in the universal characterizations of epigenetic formulations, such as ageing, susceptibility to pollutant and irritant exposure.
Molecular Perceptions on Tumour Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Potential for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: G Rajalakshmi , NV Smitha , Janardhanan Mahija , George Anthony , Iyer Subramania
Published: November 2022

Oral cancer is a foremost health concern and India accounts for about one third of its universal burden. About 80% of oral cancers in India are oral squamous cell carcinoma. They are associated with alarming fatality rates and the inability to prevent tumour metastasis being a prime reason. Considerate knowledge on the molecular events of tumour progression may give insight on developing rationale for the targeted prevention. This review intends to highlight the critical role of primary tumour and the tumour microenvironment in initiating metastasis and the mechanisms underlying the establishment of metastatic foci. Better understanding of these processes may help in targeting more research into the control of metastasis and thus disease control.
Characteristics of the tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) using native bumblebees (Bombus atratus) as pollinators in greenhouse
Authors: Salvarrey Sheena , Santos Estela , Arbulo Natalia , Gimenéz Gustavo , Invernizzi Ciro
Published: November 2022

In Uruguay, the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in greenhouse presents pollination issues that limit its yield. The use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) as pollinators can help overcome this problem as they perform “buzzing pollination”, a behavior that makes them excellent pollinators of Solanaceae and particularly tomato. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the native bumblebees Bombus atratus on the proportion of fruit set, weight, diameter, number of seeds and number of locules of tomato (lapataia and elpida varieties). An experience was carried out in Canelones, where the fruits from flowers pollinated by bumblebees and from flowers not visited by insects were compared; two other experiences carried out in Salto were similar to that of Canelones, but included flowers treated with hormones. In the three analyzed greenhouses the visit of bumblebees to the flowers increased the proportion of fruit set by 13 - 47%, compared to the result obtained in flowers not visited by the insects. Also, the pollinating action of bumblebees significantly improved the weight, size, and number of seeds compared to fruits obtained from flowers without access to pollinators. This improvement was recorded in the experience in Canelones and only in one of the Salto's experiences. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between the number of seeds and the weight (R2 = 0.37, R2 = 0.53; lapataia, elpida, respectively) in the two tomato varieties. This study is the first in Uruguay to show the benefits of using native bumblebees in tomato production in greenhouses.
Butia: physical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of red, orange and yellow fruits
Authors: Zaccari Veiga Fernanda Isabel , Del Puerto Marta , Cabrera María Cristina
Published: November 2022

The fruit of the butia palm [Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick] has cultural and economic value for the inhabitants of the protected landscape area in Los Palmares de Rocha, Uruguay. Determining the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the fruits can contribute to enhance them by preserving these biosystems. This study aimed to characterize fruits with red, orange and yellow epicarp physically and chemically. Color, dry matter, ash, crude protein, dietary fiber, carotenoids, vitamin C, total polyphenols (TP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured in peel and pulp of the three types of fruit. All data were reported for 100 g of fresh weight. Furthermore, the pH, the titratable acidity and the total soluble solids were determined in the pulp juice. The three types of butia had a higher content of β-carotene (≈1.28 mg), lutein (≈68.2 µg) and TP (≈647.7 mg gallic acid equivalent) in peel than in pulp. In addition, the content of vitamin C (≈48.7 mg) and dietary fiber (≈ 7.1 g) was similar in the peel and in the pulp for the three colors of butia. Intake of 100 g of butia fruits in natura would provide up to 14% of the dietary fiber, 8% β-carotenes and 57% of the vitamin C required daily by an adult.
Encapsulated bioactive compounds from a winemaking byproduct for its application as functional ingredient in yogurt
Authors: Olt Victoria , Baéz Jessica , Jorcin Santiago , López Tomás , Fernández-Fernández Adriana Maite , Medrano Fernandez Alejandra
Published: November 2022

Tannat skin from grape pomace is a sustainable source of bioactive compounds and dietary fiber. In previous studies we have seen that it has antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity, with the potential to prevent the development of chronic diseases. In this work, the encapsulation of bioactive compounds of an ethanolic extract derived from Tannat grape skin by microparticles of whey protein isolate (without and with enzymatic hydrolysis) and inulin (3:1) is proposed for its application in yogurt as a potential functional food. Spray drying encapsulation was carried out using a tabletop spray dryer (inlet air temperature: 100-140°C, Flow: 600 L/h). The encapsulation efficiency was higher for the encapsulant without hydrolysis (29.7%). Total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau, and the antioxidant capacity by ABTS and ORAC-FL, obtaining a polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity increase with the addition of extract:encapsulant (1:1) (p<0.05). The microparticles were incorporated into the yogurt, characterizing it by color, and observing a significant increase (p<0.05) of antioxidant capacity by ORAC-FL. In conclusion, spray drying is a suitable methodology for encapsulating Tannat grape skin extract for its application in yogurts as a natural colorant and antioxidant ingredient.
Nutritional Quality and Nutraceutical Potential of Fruits and Vegetables as a tool for Genetic Breeding Programs
Authors: Ferrari Virginia , Rodríguez Gustavo , González Matías , Vicente Esteban , Giménez Gustavo , Cabrera Danilo , Ibañez Facundo
Published: November 2022

Prevention of the development of chronic diseases related to metabolic syndrome has been found to depend on a healthy diet. Among healthy foods, fruits and vegetables play a very important role due to their nutrient content, especially antioxidants, vitamins and polyphenols. For 20 years, INIA has promoted the concept of quality associated to the differentiation of products in the fruit and horticultural sectors, considering aspects not only linked to the organoleptic qualities, but also the production processes that ensure food safety and nutritional contribution. More recently, research works have been implemented to contribute to highlighting the role of fruits and vegetables as nutraceutical foods, contributing to the prevention of chronic non-transmissible human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, or obesity. Also, to contribute to the knowledge of the effects of factors as breeding and culture management on the nutritional potential and promote production, consumption and commercialization. The bioactive compounds content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC) were characterized in different genotypes of native fruits, onion, potato, strawberry, sweet potato and tomato. High levels of flavonoids (quercetin) were found in onions and advanced lines. Samples of tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and strawberries showed high contents of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) with a great interspecies variability; so, they can be included in the development of varieties differentiated by nutraceutical attributes. The analyses conducted also demonstrate the potential of native fruits as sources of essential nutrients, with contents comparable to and even superior to other fruits considered "superfruits". Through selection and breeding, national varieties can be developed with outstanding organoleptic characteristics, good levels of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties that contribute to the health of the population.
Biological activity and chemical composition of native fruits: a review
Authors: Pereira Elisa dos Santos , Raphaelli Chirle de Oliveira , Radünz Marjana , Camargo Taiane Mota , Vizzotto Márcia
Published: November 2022

Brazilian native fruit trees have great potential for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Among these, the Myrtaceae family stand out for the diversity of known native fruits, as the case of “araçazeiro” or cattley guava [Psidium cattleianum], “pitangueira”, Suriname cherry or Brazilian cherry [Eugenia uniflora], “guabijuzeiro” [Myrcianthes pungens], “guabirobeira” [Campomanesia xanthocarpa] and “uvalheira” [Eugenia pyriformis]. These fruits contain substances of nutritional and potentially functional importance, including dietary fiber, vitamins (especially A and C) and minerals (potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus), as well as antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and carotenoids. The consumption of fruits rich in bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity has the potential to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. For example, Suriname cherry and cattley guava fruit extracts showed anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects in animal models with insulin resistance, cattley guava also showed anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities. “Uvaia” has a promising effect as an antimicrobial agent. In this review, summarized information on the main native fruits of the Myrtaceae is presented, highlighting their composition and biological activities in order to direct new research.
Biocontrol activity of Debaryomyces hansenii against blue mold on apple and pear during cold storage
Authors: Arrarte Eloisa , Garmendia Gabriela , Wisniewski Michael , Vero Silvana
Published: November 2022

To provide fruit throughout the whole year, maintain quality and reduce spoilage, apples and pears are stored at low temperature. However, the development of rots, caused mainly by Penicillium expansum, cannot be avoided. To prevent fruit losses, biological control has been proposed as a potential alternative. In this work, 16 psychrotrophic, non-pectinolytic Debaryomyces hansenii strains were evaluated in a bioassay for their potential biocontrol against P. expansum rots in apples and pears. Isolates with different degrees of biocontrol effectiveness were further investigated in vitro to elucidate mechanisms of antagonism that may have contributed to biocontrol. No correlation between any of the studied mechanisms and biocontrol activity could be established. One of the isolates, designated F9D, was selected due to its ability to reduce rot incidence in more than 95% in apples and 85% in pears. This strain could be a good candidate for the development of a yeast-based formulation to protect both types of fruit. An ISSR-PCR method was developed for typing the selected strain. This molecular marker could be a useful tool to follow the fate of the strain applied on fruit.
Non-destructive techniques for mitigating losses of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Silveira Ana Cecilia , Rodríguez Silvia , Kluge Ricardo , Palaretti Luiz Fabiano , Inestroza Carlos , Escalona Victor H.
Published: November 2022

Fruits and vegetables losses and wastage have massive impacts on the economy, as they constitute about half of the 1.3 billion tons of food annually lost; on the environment, because its elimination generates 10%-12% of greenhouse gases, and on society, because one of every four calories produced is not consumed. Losses are generated during production, postharvest, and marketing periods. In developing countries, only in postharvest, losses reach between 40% and 50% depending on the product considered. Losses can be grouped into physical, biological, and physiological, and their reduction constitutes a challenge that countries are attempting to tackle through both individual and collaborative actions. For applying successful mitigation strategies, not only their quantification but also the identification of factors and occasions in which losses occur are of utmost importance. In this sense, the use of non-destructive techniques is especially useful as such techniques facilitate the detection of physical damages before they are visible or the identification of pathogens before they develop. Other aspects include the possibility of monitoring refrigeration conditions during storage and transport, identifying the occurrence of a cold chain break, and making it possible to rectify the same. In this paper, various techniques applicable to the identification and reduction of losses are reviewed.
Writing from Uruguay to the world
Authors: Bonfanti Daniele , Sanz Verónica
Published: November 2022

The article represents an approach to the trajectory of Agrociencia Uruguay, on the 25th anniversary of the publication of its first issue. A descriptive analysis on the journal’s evolution will be presented, based on an examination of the articles published, as well as five interviews with chief editors who have been associated with the publication since its creation.
Classification in hydrologic groups of soil of Uruguay
Authors: Durán A.
Published: November 2022

Dominant soils of the mapping units of the Reconnaissance Soil Map of Uruguay were tentatively classified in hydrologic groups (GH) following the procedure developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Since information on the relationship between precipitation and runoff is not available yet, the classification is mostly based on soil morphology: horizons sequence, their texture and structure, soil matrix color, mottling and presence of Fe-Mn concretions as indications of redoximorphic phenomena. Estimates of soil permeability and drainage on the basis of profile morphology and the knowledge of the hydric regime support the classification in GH. The results show that only very few soils are included in Group A, mainly Arenosols (Psamments) or very gravelly soils. Group B (24 profiles) includes mainly moderately well to well drained Subeutric Brunosols (Udolls). Group C (68 profiles) includes Subeutric and Eutric Brunosols (Udolls) and Argisols (Udolls and Udalfs), mostly moderately well to somewhat poorly drained, with a fine textured subsoil. Group D (63 profiles) includes all Vertisols, Planosols (Albolls and Aqualfs), Gleysols (mostly Aquolls and Udolls) and solonetzic soils (Aqualfs), most Litosols (Lithic Orthents and Udolls) and a few Brunosols (Udolls); drainage range from somewhat excessive to poor. the classification achieved is razonably consistent with available information on infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity measurements for some soils. The comparison with known soils of USA, classified in GH with a more scientific basis, has not shown any evident contradiction between the classification criteria used both in US and Uruguay to assign each soil to the correct GH.
Rainfall Erosivity Factor Update in Uruguay
Authors: Pérez Bidegain Mario , Piaggio Juan Manuel , Baethgen Walter , García Préchac Fernando
Published: November 2022

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its revised form (RUSLE) are the soil erosion models incorporated into the EROSION 6.0 software. This, in turn, is the soil conservation planning tool used to fulfill the soil conservation regulations in Uruguay. The objective of this technical note was to use the methodology proposed by Renard and Freimund (1994) to update the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) values incorporated into the EROSION 6.0 software. Additionally, it had the following specific objectives: to evaluate the impact of the length of the rainfall data series on the estimation of the R factor and to compare the updated values to the ones that are currently used. The rainfall data base used to estimate the R factor comprises the 1980-2009 period in different Uruguay locations. The equations used in this work allowed to update the R factor, and to obtain R factor values that agree with published R values for the region. The regression line intercept and slope between the 30 yr R factor estimated by both equations did not differ from zero (P < 0.29), and one (P < 0.70), respectively. The length of rainfall data series affects the R factor value, given the high interannual rainfall variability. We recommend using R factors based on 30 years of pluviometric records.
Biological characteristics of the promissory forage native legume Trifolium polymorphum poir. (fabaceae, faboideae)
Authors: Speroni G. , Izaguirre P.
Published: November 2022

The biological characterization of Trifolium polymorphum Poir., a promissory native forage is presented and taken as a model for its amphicarpy between both reproductive modes. Its esteemed productive and biological characteristics, as well as the good adaptation to climatic and edaphic conditions of the region, high persistency in the sward and plasticity, are shown; despite its low vegetative production, the response to phosphoric fertilization is significantly high.
Biological, organological, ecological, and productive aspects are also described and discussed. The first of them derived from the reproductive double strategy which develops into high subterranean autogamic seed production, leading to genetical homogeneity of their offspring and the lower aerial seed production with a high impact on population dispersion.
Method to evaluate disease supression against Pythium debaryanum and alfalfa growth promotion by fluorescent Pseudomonas
Authors: Yanes M. L. , Fernández A. , Arias A. , Altier N.
Published: November 2022

Fluorescent Pseudomonas have been extensively reported as effective biocontrol agents and can be used to manage Pythium seedling diseases in alfalfa. An in vivo methodology was developed to evaluate fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates for their ability to suppress disease and promote plant growth in the alfalfa-Pythium pathosystem. The standard method consists of a bioassay performed in growth chamber under controlled conditions of temperature and photoperiod. Alfalfa seeds were sown in commercial substrate and subsequently treated as follows: no Pseudomonas, no Pythium debaryanum (germination control); inoculated only with P. debaryanum (disease control); each one of the Pseudomonas isolates co-inoculated with P. debaryanum. An augmented experiment design was obtained by selecting a random complete blocks design for four checks systematically evaluated on 12 bioassays, and enlarging the blocks to accommodate up to 16 treatments per assay. Disease control recorded an emergence of 33.2% on day 15 after sowing date, as compared with germination control (100%). The 101 fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates showed a wide response on disease suppression ability. Twelve percent of tested isolates reasonably protected alfalfa plants against P. debaryanum, recording an emergence of over 60%. A similar procedure, in the absence of the pathogen, was used to evaluate alfalfa growth-promoting ability of selected Pseudomonas isolates. Five isolates exhibited a significant biocontrol activity against P. debaryanum and four of them also recorded a significant plant growth-promoting effect. Both bioassays were appropriate to identify candidate Pseudomonas isolates to be further tested under field conditions.
Resistance to Bacterial Wilt in Solanum commersonii Dun.
Authors: González Matías , Galván Guillermo , Siri María Inés , Borges Alejandra , Vilaró Francisco
Published: November 2022

The levels of resistance to bacterial wilt (BW) of potatoes caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) are limited. Solanum commersonii (cmm) is a wild tuber-bearing potato highlighted for its resistance to BW. This research aimed to (i) characterize cmm genotypes for resistance to Rs (race 3, biovar 2) using a soil inoculation method, (ii) determine to what extent resistance in cmm is transmissible through sexual reproduction to a susceptible genetic background, and (iii) determine the relationships between a set of Rs strains (race 3, biovar 2) and cmm genotypes in the expression of resistance. The screening was performed under controlled conditions of temperature and light. Accessions collected from different regions of Uruguay showed diversity for resistance to BW: some genotypes were asymptomatic in the response, while for others the symptoms were similar to the susceptible control. Two cmm genotypes with contrasting responses to BW were crossed, and an offspring of 121 genotypes was obtained. The distribution of BW resistance levels in the progeny suggested a polygenetic control for BW resistance; though this conclusion is preliminary regarding that one of the cmm parents was triploid. A factorial experiment using five R. solanacearum strains isolated in Uruguay and five cmm clones showed differences in the virulence between strains. There was no interaction between plant genotype and bacterial isolate, and therefore, under the conditions of this research, BW resistance in cmm was not dependent on the isolate of the pathogen.
Parthenocarpy, Cross Pollination and Seed Presence in ‘Afourer’ Mandarin
Authors: Gravina Alfredo , Fornero Cecilia , Galiger Sebastián , Inzaurralde Cristian , Fasiolo Carolina , Gambetta Giuliana
Published: November 2022

‘Afourer’ mandarin has been registered as a seedless cultivar. Under Uruguayan productive conditions, in all the evaluated situations, most of the fruits have seeds, which limits its commercial value and marketing. The objectives of this work were to determine ‘Afourer’parthenocarpyc ability and pollination efficiency of four varieties in commercial plantations. Isolation of cross-pollination with nets in two experiments, resulted in 99% of seedlees fruits in Paysandú and 100% in San José. In Paysandú, yield components were similar in openpollination or isolation, demonstrating high parthenocapic ability. Fruit-set in artificial pollination was 40% or more in all cases. Flowers isolated, emasculated and isolated, and pollinated with ‘Afourer’ and isolated resulted in seedlees fruits. The in vitro pollen germination percentage of ‘Afourer’ mandarin and ‘Ortanique’ tangor reached 25%, while ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Lisbon’ lemon and ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin, did not exceed 8%. No clear association between these percentages and the number of seeds per fruit was found. The percentage of seeded fruit with artificial pollination was variable, from 18% with ‘Lisbon’ lemon pollen, to 88% with ‘Valencia’ orange pollen. These results can be used for new plantations design and agronomical practices implementation to reduce fruit seed number.
Barley germoplasm characterization using agronomic and quality traits
Authors: Castro A. , Ernst O. , Hoffman E. , Bentancur O.
Published: November 2022

Forty-six malting barley genotypes, including five commercial varieties, were evaluated in two years in order to characterize the genetic variability in breeding use in Uruguay, and its potential to over yield the varieties currently in use. The two analyzed years presented highly contrasting climatic characteristics.
The genotypes were grouped according to their relative performance in the two years for a group of fourteen agronomic and grain quality traits. A cluster analysis was carried out, and the traits responsible for each cluster separation, were studied.
The checks showed the ability to maintain a good grain yield and quality level in stressing climatic conditions. In the high yield year, several introduced genotypes exceeded the best checks, but they failed to maintain that superior performance in stressing climatic conditions. This performance was associated to longer cycles to anthesis and shorter grain-filling periods, which hinder the adaptation to national conditions. The use of introduced germplasm resulted in an inefficient way of reaching high yield potentials with high and stable grain quality.
Response of Fattening Pigs to Diets with Whole Beans Handmade Deactivated
Authors: Bauza Roberto , Bratschi Cecilia , Benítez Valentina , Hirigoyen Andrés , Grompone María
Published: November 2022

The response of pigs receiving handmade deactivated soybean in isoenergetic and isonitrogenous corn-based diets was evaluated. Twenty-eight barrows between 40 and 105 kg live weight were assigned to four treatments varying supplemental protein: T1: soybean meal, T2: cooked soybean, T3: roasted soybean, T4: raw soybean. Daily intake (CD) and total intake (CT) of food, daily weight gain (GP), feed conversion index (IC), dressing percentage (R), carcass lenght (L), backfat thickness (GD) and lipid profile of the fat (PL) were evaluated. T4 animals had lower CD (P≤0.01) but no differences in CT. The GP was higher (P≤0.01) for T1, with no difference between T2 and T3, and less for T4. T1 had better IC than T4 (P≤0.01) and T2 and T3 (P≤ 0.05), while T4 was lower (P≤0.01). No differences were observed for R or GD; while L was higher (P≤0.01) for T1. Differences in PL, with higher content of PUFA and oleic, linoleic, linolenic in the treatments including whole soybean (P≤0.01) were observed. We concluded that the treatments used to deactive soybeans improved their nutritional value, although the results of the control diet were not achieved. Carcass from diets with whole soybeans have less industrial value, but better nutritional value for fresh consumption than those based on soybean meal.
Advances in Knowledge of the Dairy Cow During the Transition Period in Uruguay
Authors: Meikle Ana , Cavestany Daniel , Carriquiry Mariana , Adrien María de Lourdes , Artegoitia Virginia , Pereira Isabel , Ruprechter Gretel , Pessina Paula , Rama Gonzalo , Fernández Andrea , Breijo Martín , Laborde Daniel , Pritsch Otto , Ramos Juan Manuel , De Torres Elena , Nicolini Paula , Mendoza Alejandro , Dutour Joaquín , Fajardo Maite , Astessiano Ana Laura , Olazábal Laura , Mattiauda Diego , Chilibroste Pablo
Published: November 2022

The transition from pregnant non lactating condition to non pregnant lactating status is a period of dramatic changes for the cow, which has to adapt its metabolism to the strong requirements for milk production. From the equilibrium that the cow resolves this period will depend the capacity to maximize milk production and quality, to evade metabolic diseases and ensure the following pregnancy. The nutritional improvement, genetic selection and animal management have increase milk production in the last decades and this is associated with a decrease in the reproductive performance and in the increase of health diseases. This review summarizes the studies performed in the last years in Uruguay, with emphasis in nutritional management, ingestive behaviour, endocrine and molecular mechanisms of nutrient partitioning and its relation with fertility in dairy cows. Studies that investigate the productive efficiency of different dairy biotypes and breeds are reported. Studies in the cow´s health that identify the transition period as a risk factor for metabolic, infections and traumatic diseases are included. We conclude that studies that integrate problems of national relevance are the appropriate methodology to investigate complex biological systems as is the dairy cow during the transition period under grazing conditions.
Grassland afforestation
Authors: Jobbágy E. G. , Vasallo M. , Farley K. A. , Piñeiro G. , Garbulsky M. F. , Nosetto M. D. , Jackson R. B. , Paruelo J. M.
Published: November 2022

The establishment of tree plantations on native grasslands is expanding in Argentina and Uruguay, prometed by public incentives and, likely, by an emerging market of carbon sequestration. We assessed how this transformation affects the production of ecosystem goods and services, synthesizing preexisting and original information on their influence on biomass production, water dynamics, and nutrient cycling. Field and satellite measurements show that, compared to grasslands, tree plantations in Uruguay, Entre Ríos, and Corrientes had higher primary productivity. This productivity increase was accompanied by higher evapotranspiration rates and a lower water yield, responsible of halving stream flow in afforested watersheds in Córdoba and Uruguay, in agreement with observations on 26 afforested grasslands around the world. In Buenos Aires, where phreatic water is close to the surface, trees used groundwater increasing the salinity of deep soil and the water table. Most of the tree plantations in the region acidified soils and in some cases stream water, mainly as a result of their high calcium consumption. It is urgent to generate information about other impacts of tree plantations such as changes in fire dynamics or invasive species. An integrative understanding of the influence of tree plantations on the production of goods and services will help to development new forestry systems and policies that are more sustainable and useful for society.
KULIAH KERJA NYATA DARI RUMAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMANDIRIKAN MASYARAKAT DI ERA PANDEMI
Authors: Prastiwi Dani , Nasution Nur Baiti , Mahirun Mahirun
Published: November 2022

Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh civitas akademika dituangkan dalam bentuk Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Di masa pandemi Covid-19, muncul permasalahan di berbagai sektor yang dampaknya dirasakan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat tanpa terkecuali. Kemajuan teknologi menjadi pendukung untuk pelaksanaan KKN secara online ditengah keterbatasan individu yang dituntut untuk melakukan protokol kesehatan pencegahan Covid-19. KKN dari rumah ini bertujuan mengembangkan potensi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di era Pandemi Covid-19. Seluruh kegiatan KKN dilakukan secara daring menggunakan kombinasi dari aplikasi Google Classroom, Google Meet, Quizizz, Google Form, Whatsapp, Instagram, dan Youtube. KKN dilaksanakan selama 3 minggu dengan fokus pada bidang kesehatan, lingkungan dan ketahanan pangan, serta ekonomi. Â KKN berhasil dilaksanakan dengan lingkup kegiatan di bidang kesehatan, ketahanan pangan, lingkungan, dan juga ekonomi. Kegiatan di bidang kesehatan antara lain kampanye PHBS, pelatihan pembuatan hand sanitizer, dan penyemprotan fasum dengan disinfektan. Sedangkan kegiatan di bidang ekonomi adalah pelatihan pemasaran produk UKM secara online dan pelatihan pembuatan produk jamu tradisional sebagai upaya pencegahan Covid 19. Adapun kegiatan di bidang lingkungan dan ketahanan pangan adalah pengadaan bibit pangan di sekitar lingkungan warga. Semua program dapat diterima dan diapresiasi secara baikoleh warga.
Opinion: Grasping the Unconscious Dynamism: A Prerequisite in Insight- Oriented Training
Authors:   Auctores Publishing LLC, Shoja Shafti Saeed
Published: November 2022

Insight-oriented psychotherapies, like psychoanalysis, as the most systematic method, and short-term dynamic psychotherapies, as the related compressed techniques, have a shared goal, which includes restoration of insight in patient by the help of a psychoanalyst or other associated psychotherapists. While there are many psychotherapists, who introduce themselves as psychodynamic therapists, a lot of criticizers believe in futility of analytic methods. Though there is no absolute guarantee of the effectiveness of any therapeutic method, whether pharmaceutical or psychological, it seems that based on physiognomies of systematic methods, some positive consequences can be reasonably expectable, which can be quantifiable by available evidence and records, too.
Nursing Care Systematization: Case Study on Wound Care
Authors:   Auctores Publishing LLC, Oliveira Souza Liane , Henrique Alves Santos Diego , da Silva Fernandes Eliana , Santos Longo Luciana , da Cruz Leite Rafaela
Published: November 2022

The wound is defined as a rupture in the continuity of the skin, that is, an interruption of the tissue that, depending on its commitment, can affect the skin, mucosa or organs, being necessary to understand, also as an event of ethical and social responsibility among professionals of nursing. Wound care is a dynamic, complex process that requires special attention by the nursing professional, especially when referring to a chronic wound. In this context, it should be taken into account that chronic lesions evolve rapidly, are refractory to different types of treatments and result from predisposing conditions that make normal healing impossible. Adding the Systematization of Nursing Care (SAE) in the care of patients with wounds becomes of fundamental importance with the purpose of implementing and organizing care for them, making it possible to organize the nursing process.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Left Lateral Border of Tongue followed by Therapy Induced Mucositis Grade 4
Authors:   Auctores Publishing LLC, Kaur Mandeep , Virmani Mayank
Published: November 2022

Carcinomas are the major serious health issue in today’s healthcare system. while its prognosis is difficult at earlier stages. OSSC oral squamous cell carcinomas are reported more than 3 lakhs new cases world-wide and it is sixth most common cancer world-wide. Squamous cell carcinoma is defined as the cancer of soft, flat, thin squamous cells mainly affect the soft cell regions like tongue diagnosed by various investigational imaging and biochemistry parameters. In this case patient was diagnosed with High Grade Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Radiation therapy along with chemotherapy is the option for better therapeutic outcomes. Hence, EBRT therapy is given and in 2 gray every cycle and a total of 59.8 gray, 20 cycle therapy depending on condition of patient. In 90% cases radiation therapy leads to RIOM (Radiation Induced Oral Mucositis) which is totally unprotectable and there in no specific treatment option available in market approved by US-FDA yet. RIOM is diagnosed by WHO grading system based on the parameters and observations. In this condition patient suffers from inflammation, mouth ulcers and progressive condition and patient can not be able to swallow anything. It’s five stage process which treated by giving antibiotic in case of RIOM and oral hygenine, mouthpaints are advised. Levofloxaccin 750mg with clotrimazole mouthpaint was given to the patient. Radiation therapy continued with curative and Supportive therapy and was successful radiation therapy also shows good response and reduction in growth of tumor was observed and therapeutic goals were achieved.