bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Enzyme Activities in the Soil around the Fertilizes
Authors: Feng Da Lan , Jin Yan , Yang Yu Hong , Huang Jian Guo
Published: December 2012

An incubation experiment was carried out to study various available N pools and enzyme activities in the soil near fertilizers under controlled temperature and soil moisture. Fertilizers added into soil were chemical fertilizer supplied as urea, organic fertilizer as rapeseed straw, and mixture of urea and rapeseed straw in a ratio of 7:3, respectively. 30 days after incubation, NH+4-N, NO-3-N and 1 N NaOH- hydrolyzed N increased in the soil at < 2.5 cm from the fertilizers in two lateral directions, and progressively decreased as the distance to the fertilizers increased. The results indicated the intensive available N release from the fertilizers and easy movement of fertilizer N. Taking into account of dense roots in cultivated soil layers and easy migration of N fertilizers, broadcast application of N fertilizers could be efficient in the middle growing periods of crops. There was neither obvious influence of urea application on urease activity nor significant correlation between urease activity and NH4+-N in the soil. Therefore, it seems reasonable to suggest that urea hydrolysis catalyzed by urease might be fast, unlikely the rate-limiting step in the process of urea transformation into NH4+-N. Further study showed the high activities of saccharase and protease in the soil only at 0.25 cm from the organic fertilizers added either in pure rape straw or mixture with urea. Saccharase and protease on the interface between organic fertilizer and soil could thus accelerate N release of organic fertilizers as available forms through organic N decomposition, resulting in the high available N pools in the soil near organic fertilizers.
The Effects of Tourism Interference on the Soil of Grassland Tourist Spots — A Study of Gold Saddle Tourist Spots of Xilamuren Grassland in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Wen Jie , Wu Tie Hong , Li Xiao Jia
Published: December 2012

Soil was sampled according to the distance surrounding different activities area and on different levels of travel channel around the gold saddle tourist spots of Xilamuren grassland in Inner Mongolia. Soil samples were collected every 5 cm until down to 30cm in each plot with soil wreath knife. Analyze soil compaction, bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic matter, available P, total N, total P and total K by experiment. Through data analysis, study the response of tourism interference on soil physical and chemical properties. Study shows that the destruction of tourism activities on the grassland soil is big and the intensity of tourism activities are positively correlated to the degree of interference. The nearer to the concentrated region of tourism spots facilities, the greater intensity of tourist disturbance and the greater damage of soil. The damage of soil in south side was significantly greater than that in the north side. Travel interference changes differently in different tourism activity area. The damage extent of interference in obo district and bok field was greater than that on both sides of horse tract. Different levels of travel channel showed that interference degree was different by the frequency size of vehicle rolling and the destruction of soil conditions was consistent with it. Tourism interference is relatively concentrated. It destructs the local environment. As long as the tourism point, tourism activity area, the layout of tourism road should not be spread too disperse and messy, the impact of grassland landscape pattern will be significantly reduced, and the deterioration trend of ecological environment is expected to be controlled. Through analysis of different type of tourism activities zone, basic cover all aspects of the impact of grassland tourism development on grassland environment. The changes of grassland soil could be explained driven by tourism disturbance. It can provide alternative methods for tourism interference study and provide guidance for the management of grassland tourist areas. Grassland tourist spots tend to be concentrated in the excellent area of pasture landscape resources and environment, but also the fragile area in ecological environment. The interference of human activities are extremely sensitive whether in a desert steppe zone of brown soil as matrix soil or in typical grassland zone of chestnut soil as matrix soil, and even in the meadow steppe of chernozem as matrix soil. Once vegetation is destructed, soil has been the strength trampling, sandy desertification would grow rapidly. It would not only affect pasture tourism, but also would threaten the neighboring regions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of tourism interference on the soil of grassland tourist spots.
Situ Monitoring and Numerical Analyzing of Soil Degradation Kinetic Parameter
Authors: Guan Yuan Yuan , Zhao Xiao Guang , Ou Xing Hua , Song Shi Jie
Published: December 2012

Immanent factors and change process in land degradation through soil degradation process is reflected, the main types of soil degradation are soil erosion and land desertification. This article take soil erosion as main degenerated form research land degradation intrinsic major effect factor. But soil erosion's major indexes are soil anti-scouring, soil anti-scouring macroscopic representation is soil anti-shear strength. How in situ testing, the quantitative reflection soil degradation's intrinsic factor is the soil degradation new problem. To solve this problem, the research and development has been able to reflect the soil degradation major effect factor the apparatus of mensurated soil anti-shear strength. This instrument has functions and so on man-machine interface, data storage, serial port communication, and uses the least square method analysis and digital filtering in order to the data analysis, the curve fitting. After and the traditional experiment's result contrast, has confirmed instrument's feasibility, the usability and the accuracy. Research on prevention of soil degradation in the main factors providing new ideas and concepts; can be a new index for monitoring soil degradation; and monitoring of soil degradation, provides a new technological means.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alter Plant Growth, Soil Aggregate Stability, and Rhizospheric Organic Carbon Pools of Citrus
Authors: Huang Yong Ming , Wu Qiang Sheng , Li Yan
Published: December 2012

The effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on plant growth, soil aggregate stability, and rhizosphere carbon pools of young Citrus junos seedings were investigated with potted experiment in greenhouse. After three months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root colonization was 54.25%. Inoculation with G. mosseae significantly promoted plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and shoot and root fresh weights. Colonization by G. mosseae significantly increased soil aggregate stability of the citrus rhizosphere through increase of mean weight diameter. G. mosseae could release a specific glycoprotein viz. glomalin into the rhizosphere as glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). Meanwhile, mycorrhizal colonization was significantly positively correlated with two GRSP fractions. In stabilization of aggregate stability, in GRSP fractions only easy extractable -GRSP might contribute the role. The mycorrhizal symbiosis could increase soil organic carbon, hot-water extractable carbohydrates, and hydrolyzed carbohydrates concentrations, but the differences were not significant. Combined with the correlation analysis, it suggests that GRPS did not significantly regulate rhizospheric carbon pools, due to the short treated time (only 3 months).
Correlative Analyses between Quantities of Microbial Populations and Soil Physicochemical Property under Different Accumulation of Soil Plastic Film
Authors: Jia Rui Yu , Zhao Xiao Guang , Huang Zhi Gui
Published: December 2012

With the increasing use of plastic film and the growth over time, the film residues are increasing in the field, accumulate on cultivated horizon and the surface layer and affect the soil physicochemical property. The paper, by potting experiment, shows the correlations between quantities of soil microbial populations, soil water, soil porosity and organism quantity under different treatments. And it may lay the foundation for the study of film residues influencing the soil quality.
Physicochemical Property and Nutrient Status of Soils in Urban Green Spaces in Xuzhou, China
Authors: Mao Ying Ming , Xu Gui Ru , Pan Xiao Yu
Published: December 2012

Soil physicochemical properties and the nutrient status of urban green spaces (UGS) in Xuzhou were analyzed. The results show that the soil pH is neutral to alkaline. Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) content was low but variable, which is mainly attributed to the disturbance of anthropogenic activity. The distributions of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively uniform but those of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium are highly dispersed. In addition, available phosphorus shows the most significant variation. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than in the natural cinnamon soils, and their deficiencies will occur if no effective measures are taken in the near future.
Isolation and Degradation Characterization of Trichloroethylene-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Liang Hui Xing
Published: December 2012

Trichloroethylene is one of chlorinated organic compounds widely used as a solvent and degreasing agent in industry. Because of uninformed disposal in the past, trichloroethylene has become one of major contaminant in environment, and this situation has brought about a serious public concern for its toxicity. A promising approach to solving this problem is bioremediation using degrading-bacteria. A bacterium(strain TC-1) was isolated from environment, which could degrade trichloroethylene. It was preliminary identified as the genus of Sporosarcina sp.. The results showed that the optimal degradation temperature, degradation time, rotary speed and the initial pH of fermentation medium were 25°C, 60 h, 180 rpm and 7.5 respectively, the ratio of degradation reached 95.56% under this conditions.
Isolation, Identification and Degradation Characterization of Synthetic Dyes Degrading Strain
Authors: Liang Hui Xing
Published: December 2012

Dyes are usually difficult to be decolorized due to their complex chemical structures. In this work, a bacterium which had the ability of decoloration on synthetic dyes was isolated from Yancheng printworks and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effects of concentration of the dye concentration, cultural time, cultural temperature and initial pH of cultural medium on the efficiency of decoloration were investigated. The result showed that the optimal cultural conditions was: dye concentration was 50mg.L-1, cultural time was 72 h, cultural temperature was 28°C, initial pH of cultural medium was 7.0.
The Research on the Impact Factors of Low-Quality Stands Soil Respiration after Different Transformations in Greater Higgnan Mountains
Authors: Ji Hao , Dong Xi Bin
Published: December 2012

Low-quality stands in Greater Higgnan Mountains were transformed by clear-cuttings with different area of forest gaps, then larch were planted after induced transformations. The LI-8150 multi-channel automated soil CO2 flux system was used to measure CO2 flux on soil surface. Changes of different soil respiration rates and influence factors were analyzed after different transformations. The results indicated that the soil respiration rates were all raised after different transformations compared with no interfered control plots. After analyzing different transformations comprehensively, it showed that the soil respiration rate performed a negative correlation with the soil density significantly, while the correlation with soil organic matter and litter weight in little decomposed was positive (p﹤0.05). The largest Q10 with forest gap area of 625 m2 was 3.561. Influenced by soil respiration rate, soil underground with depth of 10cm showed the strongest temperature sensitivity. The smallest Q10 with forest gap area of 900 m2 was 2.312, and temperature sensitivity of soil was the weakest.
The Migration and Transformation of Pyrethroids in Coastal Sedimentary Environment
Authors: Wang Shuai Jie , Di Nan Nan , Song Jian Zheng
Published: December 2012

Increasing use of pyrethroid insecticides in tidal farms has resulted in the severe pollution of coastal water environment and sedimentary environment. In this work, the migration and transformation of three pyrethroid insecticides, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in Bohai coastal zone were studied. The results showed that the adsorption of pyrethroids on the coastal sediments matched pseudo-second-order kinetics and the chemical adsorption played a major role. The degradation of three pyrethroids included chemical degradation and biological degradation. The chemical degradation had predominance function at the initial 14 hours, but the biological degra- dation effect was increasing continuously in the transformation process, so that the proportion of biological degradation in total degradation reached about 68% at 110h. M-phenoxyphenyl-acetonitril was identified as the stable degradation product by GC-MS.
Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Biomass, Microbial Functional Diversity and Enzyme Activities in Fir Plantations of Subtropical China
Authors: Yuan Ying Hong
Published: December 2012

The effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass, microbial functional diversity and enzyme activities involved in C cycling (sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulose, amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) were studied in southeast Chinese fir plantation (Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.)). All soil parameters measured decreased with increasing soil depth. The results indicated that low N (N1) deposition could accelerate soil microbial biomass and functional diversity, but moderate or high N deposition (N2, N3) restrain them. Nitrogen additions promoted soil sucrase, β-glucosidase and cellulase activities, while inhibited soil amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities to some extent, suggesting that decomposition of labile and recalcitrant organic matter were promoted and restricted by extra N deposition, respectively. Changes in microbial community biomass and function under extra N deposition indicated soil ecosystems experienced functional shifts under the current or future condition of human-accelerated N supply.
Study of Forests on Offsetting Carbon Emissions from Energy Consumption in Tianjin, China
Authors: Xiong Shan Gao , Li Hong Yuan , Ding Xiao , Mo Xun Qiang
Published: December 2012

Forests can play an important role in mitigating the impacts of climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.The purpose of this study is to quantiﬁed carbon storage and sequestration by forests and carbon emissions from energy consumption by several energy types in Tianjin,China,as well as the role of forests on offsetting carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion.Data used for this study were collected according to the sixth national forest inventory(1999-2003) and China energy statistical yearbook.The results showed that the forests including natural forests and plantation forests in Tianjin stored 571,151.24 t C,with a carbon sequestration rate of 27,311.79 t C/yr. carbon storage per ha was 14.65 t C, and carbon sequestration per ha was 0.87 t C/yr. Carbon emissions from energy consumption in Tianjin were 3.85×107 t C /yr. The carbon stored by forests equaled to 1.48% of the annual carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion, and carbon sequestration could offset 0.07% of the annual carbon emissions in Tianjin. In addition, the results indicates that the carbon storage and sequestration rate varied among forest types with different species and age structure. They provide insights for decision-makers and the public to better understand the role of forests, and make better management plans for forests.
Early Forest Fire Identification Algorithm of Infrared Thermal Imager
Authors: Li Xing Wei , Zhou Yu Fei , Li Xiao Chuang , Wang Zhen Shi , Wu Ze Peng
Published: December 2012

Forest fire identification by infrared thermal imager has beening a new research trend. However, currently the most algorithms of forest fire identification are usually designed based on the process designer’s experiences. Unfortunately, few researches on the efficiency of those algorithms have been developed when they were used to identify field forest fire. The response of inchoate forest fire identification algorithm by infrared thermal imager was investigated in this study according to different field testing times and scales. The results show that compare means appears more stability when using it to detect fire within it eliminates most interferences but also meets the requirement of long-space detecting, compared to other two methods.
Study on the Impact of Water Environmental Factors on Dominant Species of Phytoplankton around the Power Plant in Xiangshan Bay
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Hui Rong , Dai Gui Xiang , Ding Jun , Chen Jian
Published: December 2012

The SPSS19.0 software was used to analyse the data of enclosure experiments last for 7 days in summer of 2011. Water temperature increase as a factor to establish the statistical model, and the response relation of thermal discharge warming and Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that, it would promote Coscinodiscus Jonesianus growth and reproduction with the water warming at 0.2°C to 0.79°C , which would be restrained at the water warming at 0.8°C to 2.0°C. When the water temperature increase 0.1°C, 0.4°C and 0.7°Cwill respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass grow 216.12%, 72.87% and 15.05%. While the water temperature increase 1.0°C, 1.5°C and 2.0°C will respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass reduce 6.38%, 17.95% and 26.17%.
Response of Urban Roadside Greening Plant Exposed to Automobile Exhaust Pollution
Authors: Xue Mang , Dong Xiao Li , Ma Chun , Zhang Xin Xin , Ma Hong Chao , zhang Xiu Fang
Published: December 2012

The changes of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde(MDA) and the catalase(CAT) activity in mature leaves of a common urban roadside greening plant------- Buxus sinica were studied. The results show that under automobile exhaust polluted environment, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll decreased while the content of MDA and the activity of CAT increased. These changes have correlation with the automobile exhaust pollution.
Simulation Analysis of Suppressing Lightning Overvoltage in Automatic Weather Station Collector by Ferrite
Authors: Gan Xiang Gen , Chen Lihong , Wei Sheng
Published: December 2012

With the advancement of meteorology modernization, automatic weather station had become an important means of atmospheric sounding. Collecting data and information security were basic requirements for meteorological monitoring and forecasting. When lightning struck large scale and very large scale integrated circuits, the automatic station can be damaged or its data collector can be interrupted. Two-level SPD lightning protection system and three-level ferrite lightning protection system can compensate for the lack of lightning protection board and power protector. MATLAB simulation analysis shows that the three level lightning protection circuits with ferrite are better than the two level SPD circuits in guaranteeing the automatic station operation. Putting the ferrite rings around the power lines or communication lines, along with the common lightning protection devices, can make the load terminal voltage limit to 500V. The lightning current is significantly reduced by using the simple method in the collector.
Effects of Thermal Discharge from the Coastal Power Plant on the Phytoplankton in Mesocosm Experiments
Authors: Yang Hong , Dai Gui Xiang
Published: December 2012

In order to study the effects of power plant thermal discharge on phytoplankton in different temperature rise. Mesocosm experiment has been done in Guohua plant near the Xiangshan Bay in July 2011. The variances of the water-quality index such as Chlorophyll a, DO, COD and nutrients were analyzed. The results shown that relative to the control area M3,the Chlorophyll a in M1 ( increased 0.8°C) decreased by 45%, while the M2 (increased 0.4°C) increased by 26%, thus, this paper comes to the conclusion that exotherm exceed 0.8°C cause harm on phytoplankton growth, and exotherm that is lower than 0.4°C cause little effect. The experiment found that the COD, DO and Chlorophyll a were positive correlation; nutrients and chlorophyll-a were negative correlation, these indicators can be used as auxiliary indicators in the damage assessment of the thermal discharge for phytoplankton.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Red Pepper Seed
Authors: Wang Yu Qi , Wang Jin Yan , Ni Shi Feng , Zheng Lan , Shi Shao Fei , Yao Rui Qing , Chen Qian Liang
Published: December 2012

Numerical simulation and experimental study on the extraction of oil from red pepper seed using supercritical CO2 was performed in this study. Some main influence factors were investigated, including the influence of operation pressure and temperature on extraction yield Xe(%). A model equation was established based on mass transfer process, and the model equation was validated with the experimental data. The maximal and minimal relative errors between experimental data and numerical simulation value were 1.29% and 0.28% respectively. The results of 3-D simulations were obtained by associating extraction yield Xe(%) with operation temperature and pressure. As shown in the figures, it is obvious that there is an excellent agreement between the correlations results and the experimental data. Consequently, the optimum pressure and temperature were determined to be 20MPa and 318K respectively.
Research on Resin Separation Technology of Resveratrol and Catechin from Peanut Skin
Authors: Zhang Hai Yue , Han Sheng Ting , Wei Ying , Liu Man
Published: December 2012

Research had been carried out on the technology of separating resveratrol and catechin extracted from the peanuts skin. The macroprous adsorption resin AB-8 had been selected from 3 kinds of carriers by static adsorption and deadsorption test. The single factor tests and response surface experiments had been applied to optimize the enrichment and separation condition of resveratrol and catechin. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: feeding rate 2mL/min, pH 6.0 with the concentration of resveratrol and catechin to be 2µg/mL and 0.5mg/mL respectively. The optimum elution conditions were elution rate 1.5 mL/min and pH5.0. Resveratrol and catechin could be purified and separated by different conditions. Resveratrol was eluted by 20% ethanol while catechin by 60% ethanol. After concentrating and drying, the contents of resveratrol and catechin were 49.63% and 91.07%, respectively.
Screening and Identification of an Aflatoxin B1-Degradation Strain from Moldy Cereals
Authors: Xue Bei Bei , Shan An Shan , Shi Bao Ming
Published: December 2012

Aflatoxin B1(AFB1), as a kind of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp., is a highly toxic substance and widely distributed in food matrix. Cumarin was used first as the only carbon and energy source to screen the strains which were separated from different kinds of food. The strains selected were then added into nutrient agar and broth media to assess the ability to deplete AFB1. Results showed that a strain isolated from mustiness foodstuff was able to degrade AFB1 in nutrient broth, with a degradation rate of 26.3% after 48h fermentation. The microorganism was identified as a strain of Aspergillus niger, with analysis of phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA. This provides a potential solution for biological degradation of AFB1.
Effects of Methyl Jasmonate on Cylindrocarpon Root Rot Development on Ginseng
Authors: Sun Jia Man , Fu Jun Fan , Zhou Ru Jun , Su Wei Na , Yan Xue Rui
Published: December 2012

Cylindrocarpon root rot, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans, is a severe disease on ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) in northeast China. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been studied for its ability to induce plant defenses against pathogens. The effects of MeJA on the colony diameter of C. destructans and seedling growth were examined in vitro. Two-year-old ginseng roots were drenched with MeJA (200 mg/L) and then inoculated with conidia suspension of C. destructans (1×106 conidia/ml). Disease severity was assessed on inoculated roots, and the activation of defense responses was also measured. Results showed that MeJA had no effect on the growth of C. destructans and seedlings at low concentrations. The incidence rate and disease severity on MeJA-treated ginseng roots was significantly reduced compared with untreated roots. The proline content was increased but the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased in MeJA- treated roots. The activities of phenylalanine amino-lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were significantly enhanced in treated roots. It was concluded that low concentrations of MeJA had no effect on C. destructans, but it stimulated the activities of defense enzymes in treated ginseng roots and alleviated the damage of roots from C. destructans. Therefore, the control of Cylindrocarpon root rot by MeJA may involve the activation of the disease-related defense system.
Screening Method for Lipid-Content Microalgae Based on Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Reaction
Authors: Hao Zong Di , Liu Ping Huai , Yang Xun , Shi Jie , Zhang Sen
Published: December 2012

Studies that address the use of microalgae as biofuels often require the frequent measurement of total lipid content. Traditional methods for the quantiﬁcation of lipid are time-consuming or involve the use of expensive analytical equipment that is not available in many labs. Here we investigated microalgal culture as the starting material and simple, colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae with a relatively high correlation coefﬁcient (R2=0.9038) between gravimetric and spectrophotometric quantiﬁcation. Linear responses for triolein, vegetable oil and microalgal oil in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mg/l were observed. Using this method, Monoraphidium pusillum were screened out of several microalgal strains with the highest lipid content (25.52% dry weight). The color reaction for quantitation of microalgal lipids has significant advantages over traditional methods for screening of high lipid-content strains. Our data implied that the sensitivity and versatility enable this method a useful tool in screening of lipid-content microalgae.
Extraction of Mulberry Anthocyanin with Assistance of Microwave
Authors: Zuo Yong , Li Yang , Zhao Chang Qing , Xie Hui , Qi Feng , Liu Li Ping , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2012

The method for extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave was studied systematically and the extraction condition was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 0.1% HCl - 55% ethanol was as extraction solvent, the extraction time was 267 s and the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:30. Under these conditions, the actual yield of anthocyanin was 2.098 mg/g. In addition, the order of factors effecting extraction of mulberry anthocyanin with assistance of microwave from big to small was the extraction time, the concentration of extraction solvent and the ratio of solid to liquid.
Extract Method of Urban Greenbelt Based on TM Image
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Yong
Published: December 2012

Based on remote sensing image, the spectral information of urban Greenbelt in Guangzhou City was extracted from TM image by ENVI4.7. After finishing image preprocessing, then used 4 methods (such as principal component analysis, tasseled cap transformation, the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) method, SOFM artifical neutral network method) extract greenbelt information of Guangzhou City, and compared the images produced by four methods, according to the actual situation of the study area, we find that SOFM neutral network has the best classification effect.
Decomposition Characteristics of Hydrogen Peroxide in Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Authors: Guo Tian Xiang , Zhao Yi , Ma Shuang Chen , Liu Song Tao
Published: December 2012

In order to spread more applications, decomposition characteristics of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were investigated in this paper. Research results indicate that the attack of charged particles such as OH- and HO2- leads to H2O2 decomposition. HO2¬- is vital reactive intermediate, which was mainly from neutral reaction of H2O2 with NaOH. The decomposition is considered as pseudo-two-order kinetics, and the reaction rate constant depended on decomposition temperature and solution pH. The apparent average activation energy is 51.92 kJ•mol-1 when the initial NaOH concentration is 1mol•L-1 and solution pH is 10.5.
An Automatic Detection Algorithm of Bridges above Water in Aerial Images
Authors: Dong Yin Wen , Yuan Bing Cheng , An Jing Xin , Shi Zhao Ming , Zhu Ming Lei
Published: December 2012

An automatic detection algorithm of bridges above water in aerial images is proposed. Firstly, aerial image is binarized based on gradient mean square variance, and binary image is denoised based on pixel density. Then connective areas are labeled in the binary image based on pixels to extract water area. Finally, bridge area is detected based on gray information. Experiments show this algorithm is effective in automatic detection of bridges above water in aerial images.
The Application of GIS Techniques in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations: Part II the Distribution of Soil Nutrients in Hainan, China
Authors: Wei Zhi Yuan , Wang Deng Feng , Qi Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

The research on the distribution of soil nutrient contents in arable land regionally is the basis for the proper fertilization. The study, taking Hainan Island as the study area, analyzes the distribution and variation of soil nutrient contents in arable land spatially and temporally by applying GIS spatial analysis. As the study shows, from the 1980s to the year of 2005, the TN, TP, TK, and Available N contents in soil of arable land have declined to certain degree, while Available P and Available K kept increasing. Generally, the soil nutrients have declined in quality during last two decades but remain in a mediate level. Spatial analysis can reflect the distribution characteristics of the regional soil nutrient elements in an objective manner.
Ore Volume Measurement Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technique: a Case Study
Authors: Nguyen Tien Thanh , Liu Xiu Guo , Huang You , Wang Hong Ping , Kieu Quoc Lap , Dang Thai Son
Published: December 2012

In the mining industry, conventional methods such as GPS and total station technology are used most extensively for data collection and in return used to compute volume of extracted materials (ore and waste). In situation where the ore body is bigger in size, and changes dynamically, the use of conventional method to measure volume of ore is not practicable and economically viable because of the workload involved, precision and accuracy of the survey and safety of workers. In this paper a method and work flow of ore heap volume measurement by using 3D laser scanning technique to acquire point cloud data was introduced. RiSCAN PRO and Geomagic studio was used to process the original data (registration, noise elimination, georeferencing, resampling etc.), 3D modeling and volume computations. A comparison on precision of geodetic control points coordinate measured by GPS receivers and 3D laser scanner was carried out. The results indicate that 3D laser scanning technique can effectively be applied to ore output volume measurement since it satisfies the requirement of ore volume measurement.
Responses of Household Behavior to the Land Consolidation Project Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wei Chao Fu , Gao Jin Quan
Published: December 2012

Farmers are the direct pusher to ensure the implementation of land consolidation. Therefore, research on the change of farmers’ behavior in land consolidation becomes important. Taking the land consolidation in Gaolong town in Hechuan of Chongqing, China as the example, the objectives of this paper was to analyze technology efficiency, scale efficiency and total factor productivity trend of farmers’ behavior and willingness corresponding to land consolidation using Malmquist-DEA and C2R-DEA model, respectively. The results indicated that technical progress was the main factor to constrain the development, and technologies innovation was still low. Technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were all greater than 1, which illustrated the relative reasonable management level and resources allocation. The response type was positive for most farmers, and the farmers with weak and negative response were affected by family average quality, the attitude of staffs, efficiency of output compared to input, etc.
The Application of Landscape Ecology in Campus Landscape Planning
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Cong
Published: December 2012

By analyzing and studying the features of campus landscape, this paper has discussed how to apply the concept of landscape ecology design to construct an ecological campus in the perspective of goals, principles and conduction of ecological planning which are based on ecological principles. It has also discussed the application of landscape ecology in landscape construction on campus through case study from various aspects to adapt ecological planning of campus landscape to refreshed educational philosophy and situation.
Survey of Nitrite in the Naturally Fermented Sour Pickled Cabbages in Northeast of China
Authors: Zhang Miao , Wu Jun Rui , Li Xin , Yang Chen Chen , Yue Xi Qing
Published: December 2012

In order to provide a more scientific and healthy reference for the people lived in the northeast of China to eat sour pickled cabbages, in the study, the nitrite content of 11 naturally fermented sour pickled cabbages collected from the Daqing area were detected by the spectrophotometry method according to Chinese National Food Standard (GB5009.33-2010). The results shown that the content level of nitrite in the pickled vegetables were between 0.17 mg/kg and 1.98mg/kg,it was more lower than 20mg/kg, the limit of nitrite described in Chinese National Food Standard (GB2714-2003)．
Screening of Actinomycetes from Marine Environments and the Inhibitory Activity against Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yan Pei Sheng , Ren Jing , Wang Chun Huan
Published: December 2012

Forty-one actinomycetes isolated from sea sand of beach in Weihai were tested using the agar diffusion method, and Staphylococcus aureus was selected as the tested bacteria. Strains with significant inhibitory activity were chosen to ferment in the GS medium, then the supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate, and the vitro assay of crude extracts was performed. Results indicate: there are eight strains having significant activity, accounting for 31.7% of the total. The suppression of MA27 and MA41 are much significant than the other six strains, and their inhibitory diameter is 15.00±1.14mm and 14.00±2.83mm, respectively. Six extracts of antibacterial metabolites with ethyl acetate were assayed. Three strains (MA27, MA36, SHXF02) have antibacterial activity under the concentration of 2mg/disc, their inhibitory diameter is 29.00±2.64mm, 18.67±2.31mm and 14.33± 0.58mm, respectively.
Study on the Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium (IV) on Oxidation of Neutral Red with Potassium Periodate and its Application
Authors: Zhou Zhi Rong , Zhang Li Zhen
Published: December 2012

Based on the oxidation of neutral red by KIO4 in 3.2×10-4 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, a simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Se(IV).The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of neutral red at 530 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of neutral red is proportional to the concentration of Se(IV) in the range 0.0–8.0 µg/L with a fixed time of 4–6 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.36 µg/L Se(IV). The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 81.60 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for the determination of 0.1 and 0.2 µg/mL Se(IV) was 2.1 and 1.9 %, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in tea and human hair samples with the relative standard deviation of 0.33 %–1.5 % and the recovery of 97.5 %–103.5 %.
Synthesis of Organic-Intercalated Zn/Fe Layered Double Hydroxides from the Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Ruan Xiu Xiu , Huang Song , Chen Hua
Published: December 2012

A series of dodecyl sulfate (DS-) intercalated Zn/Fe layered double hydroxides (DS-Zn/Fe-LDHs) were prepared by co-precipitation method from the electroplating wastewater containing high concentration of zinc (Zn2+). In addition, the influences of their charge density on the interlayer structure of LDHs were investigated by XRD and FT-IR. The removal rate of Zn2+ in the electroplating wastewater was reached 99.9%. The charge density decreased with the increasing of the ratio of Zn/Fe. The results showed that with the increase of the charge density, the interlamellar spacing of organic-LDH increased. The synthesis product was applied in the sorption of organic contaminant ( nitrobenzene ) and the sorption mechanism was partition. The synthetic DS-Zn/Fe LDHs were good sorbents for organic contaminant.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aquaculture Wastewater by Using Nano-ZnO
Authors: Song Kui Sheng , Yu Xiao Cai , Hu Dong Dong , Zheng Xu , Guo Ji Yao
Published: December 2012

Nano-ZnO photocatalyst was prepared using direct precipitation method .The crystal form, particle size and configuration characterization of the nano-ZnO prepared was characterized by XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of ammonia-N in aquaculture wastewater was investigated by using nano-ZnO under UV irradiation. The experimental results show that: nano-ZnO dosage, catalytic reaction time, initial ammonia-N concentration, H2O2volume concentration, pH value affect the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation significantly. On the basis of the results of these experimental data, the optimal experimental conditions for photocatalytic degradation of ammonia-N are tried through the orthogonal test. The optimization experimental conditions for photocatalytic degradation of ammonia-N in aquaculture wastewater are as follows, nano-ZnO catalyst dosage was 0.4 g/L, the pH value of solution was 10, H2O2volume fraction was 4 %, respectively, if the reaction time may last 1 h, the removal rate of ammonia-N was expected to reach 86.66 %.
Biotransformation of 1-Hydroxychlordene by White Rot Fungus and Detection of Metabolites
Authors: Xiao Peng Fei , Kondo Ryuichiro
Published: December 2012

l-Hydroxychlordene is the major metabolite of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor in soil. In this study, the biotransformation of l-hydroxychlordene was performed with the white rot fungus Phlebia acanthocystis TMIC34875, which is capable of degrading heptachlor. As a result, 1-hydroxychlordene was degraded completely by the fungal treatment in pure cultures after 15 days of incubation. A large amount of epoxylation product1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene was detected as metabolites of 1-hydroxychlordene using GC/MS analysis. This fungus particularly can degrade 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene to two trihydroxychlordene isomers through hydrolysis at epoxy ring. The results suggested that 1-hydroxychlordene was metabolized to hydrophilic products via 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene by P. acanthocystis TMIC34875.
Analysis of Health Benefits from Reducing Vehicle Emissions: A Case Study from China
Authors: Wang Yu Tao , Hansson Lars
Published: December 2012

This paper estimates the potential benefits from reducing vehicle emissions in China’s cities. We choose Beijing as a case study to assess people’s health benefits from different scenarios. A relative risk model is employed to analysis the pre-death due to vehicle PM10 and Adjusted Human Capital (AHC) approach is used to transfer the benefits to monetary value. We found that about from 100 to 510 pre-death can be prevented by reducing vehicle PM10, which equals from 43 Million to 222 Million Yuan Benefits in monetary terms.
Study on Comprehensive Gas Control Technology of High-Gas Fully Mechanized Caving Face
Authors: Cheng Weimin , Wang Hai Yang , Sun Lu Lu
Published: December 2012

In order to comprehensively control the gas of 1151(3) fully mechanized caving face in Xieqiao coalmine scientificly and efficiently, combining the actual situation of the face, gas drainage technologies such as roof drilling, drilling along seam, gas drainage in upper corner, roof drainage roadway had been applied and a comprehensive gas control system was formed gradually. Gas problems of the face have been solved completely and safety and high efficiency of the workface has been ensured.
Detection and Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Central Air Conditioning System of a University
Authors: Li Hui Xing , Li Bei Ni , Geng Geng , Xiao Wei , Wang Wei
Published: December 2012

Objective: Test the wind pipe dust and microorganism pollution status in the central air conditioning system of public buildings in the teaching area.Analysis of microbial pollution of the related factors.Methods:Sampling 6 functionally different area in the teaching building,using the microbiology analysis method on air conditioning system of blower tube surface dust pollution of microorganism detection,and the use of TiO2 photo catalyst purification mechanism on microbial contamination control.Results:on the basis of"centralized air ventilation system in public places sanitary specification",teaching areas of central air conditioning system of dust amount met the requirement basically.Bacterial concentrations generally beyond the standard,fungal concentration accords with the standard.The Method using TiO2 photo catalysis sterilization was proposed. Conclusion:Teaching of regional air conditioning pipe inner product dust weight is relatively large.Microbial pollution is serious.It is necessary that cleaning air conditioning system timely and using TiO2 Photocatalyst purification mechanism for killing air duct surface dust microorganism.
A Study on Impact of Air Pollution upon Public Physical Fitness
Authors: Luan Xiu Qun , Dong Ya Chen
Published: December 2012

In modern society, as mechanization and automation of people's work increasing and the widespread of transportation instead of walking, a sedentary lifestyle which lacks of exercise become one of the ten major reasons causing global death, frequent disease and disability. Negative impact bringing people "Modern Urban Civilization Syndrome" represented as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has expanded extensively and rapidly, which has made people's health continue to deteriorate. To this end, more and more people become concern about health, and hope to improve their physical conditions through indoor and outdoor fitness. However, the public has generally ignored an "invisible killer" - effects of air pollution on health during fitness. This paper regards environmental studies and human hygiene as the theoretical basis, studies mainly focusing on impact of indoor and outdoor air pollution on public fitness, and proposes constructive suggestions on this basis.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Heteropolyacid Supported on Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts
Authors: Piao Ming Jun , Xu Kai , Hu Jiang Lei , Zhang Long
Published: December 2012

TiO2-based hybrid catalysts functioned by Keggin-type heteropolyacid, H3PW12O40/ TiO2, were prepared via one-pot co-condensation method in the presence of a triblock copolymer surfactant (F127). The materials were well characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis DRS spectroscopy methods, and X-ray diffraction analysis to confirm the structural integrity of the Keggin unit in the hybrid materials, to investigate correlation between TiO2 matrix and H3PW12O40. Phtocatalytic tests show the composite exhibits higher photocatalytic activity to decompose the Rhodamine B ( RhB ) than anatase TiO2.
Airborne Quinones Caused Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shang Yu , Zhang Ling , Fan Lan Lan
Published: December 2012

Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is found to be associated with adverse cardiovascular diseases. Quinones present in the traffic-related PM are hypothesized to contribute to these harmful effects through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the impacts of the airborne quinones on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human vascular endothelial cells are less well known. The aim of the present study is to assess whether exposure to three typical airborne quinones, including anthraquinone (AQ), 1,4-naphthroquinone (NQ) and benzoquinone (BQ), can induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell viability, plasma membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage), and DNA damage were assessed in HUVEC after exposed to the three airborne quinones. Significant cytotoxicity was caused by the three quinones, indicating by the significant decrease in cell viability and significant increase in LDH activity. AQ and BQ slightly increased the DNA damage in HUVEC without significance. The ROS generation was not observed in HUVEC after exposed to AQ, NQ or BQ, suggesting that the cyototoxicity and the DNA damage caused by these quinones in HUVEC were not generated through the oxidative stress pathway. Our results suggest that AQ, NQ and BQ presented in the traffic-related particles may participate in the development of cardiovascular diseases through causing cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells.
The Ways to Construct Healthy of Ecological Infrastructure Base on Environmental Hazard
Authors: Sun Jia Xiu , Zhou Xiao Qing
Published: December 2012

It is the key spatial pattern for city's ecological safety and health, and the basic guarantee of the city and citizens to attain the sustainable natural service. Those serious eco-environmental hazard affecting hilly city have appeared. we should input more investment into environmental protection, and develop green technology and recycling economy. In order to guarantee ecological security, the countermeasures for ecological infrastructure construction are put forward, establishing the green space system including suburban forest, farmland and green space, recovering wetland ecosystem, optimizing industrial structure and urban spatial distribution, and developing recycling economy, establishing ecological infrastructure monitoring network and information forecast system, carrying out ecological management.