Knowledge and practices of neonatal intensive care unit nurses concerning hypothermia in preterm infants: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Lina , Zheng Yan , Wang Xiaoyun , Liu Aihong , Cui Naixue , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: August 2024

Aim

To investigate the knowledge level and clinical practice of neonatal intensive care unit nurses on the whole process of hypothermia prevention in preterm infants.

Design

A polycentric descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted in 23 hospitals in Shandong province involving 254 neonatal intensive care unit nurses.

Methods

An evidence‐based knowledge and clinical practice questionnaire on hypothermia prevention in preterm infants and a general information questionnaire were used to collect data. SPSS and EXCEL 24.0 database were used for data statistics and analysis.

Results

Nearly one‐third of nurses were unclear about the definition of mild hypothermia and heat preservation measures during labour management and resuscitation. Knowledge about the correct rate of amniotic fluid evaporation was low. The higher the hospital level and nurses' education level, professional title, work experience, and position, the higher the knowledge level. The clinical practice of nurses differed in terms of body temperature assessment tools, measurement sites, and measurement frequency for premature infants.

Conclusions

Nurses in neonatal intensive care units need to apply evidence‐based knowledge and carry out practice interventions to ensure preterm infants' safe transition from the delivery room to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Impact

There have been few studies evaluating neonatal nurses' knowledge and practices with regards to the preventing hypothermia of premature infants from delivery room to neonatal intensive care unit. The study identifies the deficiencies and problems in temperature management that can be attributed to the knowledge level of nurses. The findings will help improve the current curriculum, teaching strategies, and the nurses' knowledge levels, preventing premature hypothermia in infants.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the STROBE statement for observational studies and obtained approval (KYLL‐2023LW045) from the ethics committee of The Second Hospital of Shandong University. The other 22 third‐ and second‐level hospitals, as our alliance members, recognized our chairperson status within the alliance and were willing to join our academic activities. Mutual responsibility for ethical filing between alliance units.

Public Contribution

254 nurses were recruited from 23 tertiary and secondary public hospitals in Shandong province. No public or patient involvement. Members of the research group used the Questionnaire Star platform to prepare the electronic questionnaire, including obtaining informed consent, taking precautions for questionnaire completion, and using the aforementioned measurement tools. The project research team contacted the head nurses of 23 neonatal intensive care units in Shandong Province. After obtaining consent from the head nurses, they were asked to send the requirements and link of the electronic questionnaire to their WeChat management group. The nurses go through each question and make a choice which has two options of ‘agree’ or ‘disagree.’ Based on their answers, nurses were evaluated as having ‘mastered’ or ‘not mastered’ each item. Each ‘mastered’ item (correct answer) was given a score of 4; an item ‘not mastered’ (incorrect answer) was given a score of 0. The total score ranged from 0 to 100.