bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dementia research in Ireland: What should we prioritise?
Authors: Rogan Carol , Rock Bernadette , Begley Emer , Boland Barry , Brazil Kevin , Diaz-Orueta Unai , Donnelly Sarah , Foley Michael , Foley Tony , Hannigan Caoimhe , Hopper Louise , Keogh Fiona , Lawlor Brian , Leroi Iracema , O'Neill Cora , O'Philbin Laura , Pertl Maria , Trépel Dominic , Kennelly Seán
Published: November 2023

Background Dementia research prioritisation allows for the systematic allocation of investment in dementia research by governments, funding agencies and the private sector. There is currently a lack of information available in Ireland regarding priority areas for dementia research. To address this gap, a dementia research prioritisation exercise was undertaken, consisting of an online survey of professionals in the dementia field and workshops for people living with dementia and family carers. Methods (1) An anonymous online survey of professionals, based on an existing WHO global survey: the global survey was adapted to an Irish context and participants were asked to score 65 thematic research avenues under five criteria; (2) A mixed-methods exercise for people living with dementia and family carers: this involved two facilitated workshops where participants voted on the research themes they felt were important to them and should be addressed through research. Results Eight of the top ten research priorities in the survey of professionals (n=108) were focused on the delivery and quality of care and services for people with dementia and carers. Other research avenues ranked in the top ten focused on themes of timely and accurate diagnosis of dementia in primary health-care practices and diversifying therapeutic approaches in clinical trials. Participants in the workshops (n=13) ranked ‘better drugs and treatment for people with dementia’, ‘dementia prevention/ risk reduction’ and ‘care for people with dementia and carers’ as their top priority areas. Conclusions Findings from this prioritisation exercise will inform and motivate policymakers, funders and researchers to support and conduct dementia-focused research and ensure that the limited resources made available are spent on research that has the most impact for those who will benefit from and use the results of research.
Rol de la fotografía como patrimonio cultural según fotógrafos, historiadores y curadores peruanos
Authors: Merino-Orbegoso Luciana , Chávez-Chuquimango María , Gallardo-Echenique Eliana
Published: November 2023

Este estudio analiza e interpreta las opiniones de fotógrafos, curadores, historiadores y conservadores especialistas en fotografía que trabajan en instituciones culturales en Lima (Perú), para comprender cuáles son los roles que la fotografía necesita para incentivar el reconocimiento del valor histórico e identidad cultural en los peruanos. Su enfoque es cualitativo, con un diseño etnográfico. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez especialistas en fotografía con 20 años de experiencia. A partir de ello se determinó que los roles que la fotografía necesita para lograr un reconocimiento del valor histórico e identidad de los peruanos son: difusión y educación; conservación, archivo e investigación; gestión y políticas; construcción de la historia peruana a través de fotografías; y construcción de memoria e identidad.
Fluid Limits for Longest Remaining Time First Queues
Authors: Kruk Łukasz
Published: November 2023

A single-server queue with renewal arrivals and generally distributed independent and identically distributed service times is considered. Customers are served using the longest remaining time first scheduling algorithm. In case of a tie, processor sharing is utilized. We introduce a fluid model for the evolution of a measure-valued state descriptor of this queue, and we investigate its properties. We also prove a fluid limit theorem justifying our fluid model as the first-order approximation of the queueing system under consideration.
Development community participation questionnaire to understand the factors that influence Covid-19 booster vaccination in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kuncoro Kuncoro , Emira Ezi , Sari Eka Kurnia , Kodriati Nurul , Djannah Sitti Nur
Published: November 2023

Covid-19 has resulted in fatalities and property losses not just in Indonesia but across the globe. Indonesia has the second-highest number of Covid-19 cases in Southeast Asia. The government has attempted several efforts, including vaccination. The enormous impact of vaccination in preventing illness, disability, and even death from diseases that can be prevented by immunization has been documented throughout history. The goal of COVID-19 immunization is to prevent the spread of COVID-19, lessen COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, create community-wide herd immunity, and protect individuals against COVID-19. Achievement of booster vaccinations in the work area of PHC Playen 1 is only 41%; there is a gap of 9% from the target. This research aims to create assessment tools to identify the variables that may affect community involvement in the COVID-19 booster immunization program. Making a legitimate and trustworthy questionnaire to determine the factors that influence community participation in booster vaccinations in the working area of UPT PHC Playen 1 is the research's unique goal. This study uses a cross-sectional research design and is descriptive. The research was conducted in October 2022. Questionnaires were distributed to pre-selected respondents using the purposive random sampling method. Testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire requires a sample of 30 people from the PHC Playen 1's working area to make up the sample. The questionnaire had five sections: the respondent's sociodemographic, their willingness, their level of knowledge, the regulation of booster vaccinations, and the community's access to booster immunization services. The data were validated and verified employing Cronbach Alpha score of 0.861 and a Pearson correlation test result showing that each statement item was valid and trustworthy by having a correlation value of higher than 0.361. Thus, this questionnaire could be employed in other related research.
A Rare Cause of Chronic Pyelonephritis: Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Authors: ERHAN Mehmet Deniz , TANER Sevgin , CELİK Umit , GÜRBÜZ Zafer Gökhan
Published: November 2023

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a chronic, destructive, granulomatous inflammation of the renal parenchyma leading non-functioning kidney. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the most useful diagnostic method. A 6-year-old female patient admitted to us with complaints of abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, weakness. Recurrent urinary tract infection was present in her history. The patient’s urine specimen revealed leukocyturia, hematuria, positive for nitrite and bacteria, white blood cell: 12.7x103 /microl, hemoglobin:6.2 g/dl and CRP: 101 mg/dl. In the urinary system USG imaging, the contours of the left kidney were irregular and lobulated, and medullary punctate echogenicity and calcifications were present. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed increased left kidney size and opacities suggestive of stone in the collecting system; pararenal area was heterogeneous. Although the patient's gentamicin treatment was completed in 7 days and meropenem treatment in 14 days, acute phase reactants did not regress. No activity uptake was observed in the left kidney lodge in renal cortical scintigraphy. Left total nephrectomy was performed with the diagnosis of non-functioning left kidney and chronic pyelonephritis. Kidney biopsy material were reported as XGP. XGP is a rare and aggressive cause of chronic pyelonephritis with serious consequences such as nephrectomy requirement.
Physics Application in Traditional Archery: Sight-lines Method for Aiming Using a Traditional Bow
Authors: Jihad Ibnu
Published: November 2023

The absence of bow sight in a traditional bow can be replaced by introducing sight lines as a reference for accurate elevation angles in archery. Assuming a quadratic drag force acting on the arrow, a sight line can be calculated by using the values of target distances, initial arrow speed, arrow velocity decay, and the stance of the archer. This method can improve shooting accuracy for various target distances.
NMR Characterization of Polymethylhydrosiloxane Synthesized using Dichloromethane and Diethyl Ether as Solvent for Vitreous Substitute
Authors: Zahra Nabillah Fa'diyyah , Auliya Diba Grace , Arini Vira Fuji , Fitrilawati Fitrilawati , Safriani Lusi , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: November 2023

Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) can be synthesized from dichloromethylsilane (DCHS) by the hydrolysis-condensation method. In this synthesis method, a solvent is needed. Dichloromethane (DCM) or diethyl ether (DE) can be used as a solvent in the synthesis of PMHS. These two solvents greatly affect the physical properties of the resulting PMHS. Therefore, studies are needed to look at the characteristics and chemical content of the PMHS synthesized using these two solvents. In this research, we reported the characteristics and content studies of PMHS synthesized using different solvents, DCM and DE, using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. It was found that both samples had three peaks (Si-H, Si-CH3, and Si-CH3) on 1H-NMR measurement and one peak (Si-CH3) on 13C-NMR measurement. All of the peaks found were by the characteristics of PMHS and no other elements were found from solvents indicating that the PMHS samples had been successfully synthesized with a high degree of purity. In addition, the possibility of structures formed in the PMHS samples was also obtained.
Graphene as an Active Material for Supercapacitors: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jamaluddin Anif , Nursanti Annisa Dwi , Nur'aini Anafi , Putri Rekyan Regasari M , Arshad Muhammad Usama
Published: November 2023

Graphene is a promising material for supercapacitors due to its unique properties, which influence the device's supercapacitor. This study aims to investigate the key factor of graphene properties in supercapacitors (, with the goal of improving their performance. Also, we observe the machine learning models for predicting capacitance of supercapacitor including four algorithms of machine learning: Linear Regression (LR), lazy IBK, Decision Table (DT), and Random Forest (RF). Machine learning model showed that the RF model demonstrated the highest correlation value of 0.745, surpassing other models. Also, the study revealed that graphene has a high specific surface area and highly porous structure, which enhanced the high capacitance values. Finally, these machine learning models are suitable to apply in materials sciences field for understanding the materials properties in supercapacitor.
First-Principle Investigation of La0.7Ba0.3Mn(1-x)FexO3 Structural Properties Using CASTEP
Authors: Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Aulia Sarah , Rizaldy Ryan , Azhar Anugrah
Published: November 2023

We conducted first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using the CASTEP software package to investigate the crystal structure and mechanical properties of Fe3+-doped La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 material at the Mn3+ site, with doping concentrations ranging up to 50%. Through geometry optimization, we simulated the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. We observed that the doping of Fe did not result in a shift in the peak positions of the diffraction pattern. However, it led to an increase in intensity at the [012] peak and the splitting of peaks [104] and [110]. Regarding the mechanical properties, we examined the elastic constants and observed a reduction in the Bulk, Shear, and Young's modulus values. The Shear and Bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio indicated that La0.7Ba0.3Mn(1-x)FexO3 becomes less ductile with increased Fe3+ doping content. Furthermore, we performed calculations for the Debye temperature, which revealed a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the La0.7Ba0.3Mn(1-x)FexO3 material.

 
Pneumonia Classification Based on GLCM Features Extraction using K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Suharyana Suharyana , Anwar Fuad , Dewi Armylia Chandra , Yunianto Mohtar , Salamah Umi , Chai Rifai
Published: November 2023

Pneumonia has been detected using Machine learning. The stages in this study began with preprocessing in 4 stages: resizing, cropping, filtering using a high pass filter, and Adaptive Histogram Equalization. The feature extraction process continued with 22 Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and classification using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The image used was 150 data sets for training on the classification of 3 classes with a ratio of 50:50:50 while training on two classes was 50 bacterial pneumonia and 50 viral pneumonia. The most optimal training data accuracy results were obtained using the angle direction on the GLCM, namely 135o with the KNN classification (k = 3). For the classification of two classes Using 40 data sets, an accuracy of 91% was obtained, while testing for three classes with 60 data sets was 83.3%.
fenomen «poiètic» de María Zambrano
Authors: Enquist Källgren Karolina
Published: November 2023

El fenomen, juntament amb la noció de forma i reducció, és un dels conceptes clau per entendre el desenvolupament crític que fa María Zambrano de la fenomenologia. Aquest article sosté que cal interpretar la noció com a resposta a diversos problemes dins de l’epistemologia. A més, l’article mostra com la noció de fenomen està lligada a la noció de la forma, i aquesta última és el producte expressiu de la primera. Es pot concebre el fenomen en l’obra de Zambrano com un fenomen poiètic.
Escrivint com un fantasma: la «Carta sobre el exilio» de María Zambrano
Authors: Omlor Daniela
Published: November 2023

Aquest article té com a punt de partida el text de format híbrid, la «Carta sobre el exilio» de María Zambrano. Tot i que pren forma de carta, compleix la funció d’assaig. Per respondre a la pregunta de per què Zambrano es va decantar per aquest gènere, parteixo de les qualitats espectrals de l’autora de la carta des de la imatge del text, “El Niño de Vallecas”. Així mateix, la noció de «trauma» en relació a la necessitat de la figura d’un destinatari.
Situating research on art, technological practices and literature: new materialist and posthumanist feminist perspectives
Authors: Luraschi Silvia , Timeto Federica , Yardımcı Sibel
Published: November 2023

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Of eyes and men: Diffracted violence, embodied vision, and dis/continuous objectivity
Authors: Steinke Jannis
Published: November 2023

According to Donna Haraway, a certain disembodied scientific method relies on parables about objectivity (Haraway, 1988, p. 575f.). The latter is framed as the mandatory principle that can visualize a representative knowledge that is accessed by tools of empiricism – most prominently, the phallic eye. This article (re-)turns to a famous parable about objectivity – The Sandman by E.T.A. Hoffmann – entangling it with Donna Haraway’s situated knowledges and Karen Barad’s conception of adis/continuity. It focuses on the violence that is always displayed in knowledge production and offers an alternative: another kind of objectivity that neither neglects nor unconditionally affirms this violence, but rather transforms it by sensing the fact that a violent act always hits back.
A Plea for “Bodyfulness”: Book Review of the Atlas of Databodies I (eds. Bart, Breuer, Freier)
Authors: Martach Swantje
Published: November 2023

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Represión económica a través del mercado de trabajo: Oficinas de Colocación, trabajadores “preferentes” y paro en la España de la Guerra Civil y los inicios del franquismo
Authors: Moreno Claverías Belén , Suárez Cano Patricia
Published: November 2023

¿Cómo puede una dictadura aplicar la represión económica? En este artículo analizamos el régimen dictatorial de Franco y el mercado laboral durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939) y los años posteriores. Una de las pretensiones del régimen franquista fue el control absoluto de las relaciones laborales. Se otorgó un papel central al Sindicato Vertical y las Oficinas de Colocación republicanas fueron transformadas. Los trabajadores considerados “preferentes” por su apoyo al régimen tuvieron facilidades para reincorporarse a un mercado laboral afectado, como muestra la prensa de la época, por el paro descontrolado y la falta de cualificación de la mano de obra. En este contexto, una de las Órdenes publicadas en 1939 tuvo especial relevancia porque eliminaba como demandantes de empleo a los menores de veinte años sin capacitación profesional que no fuesen excombatientes del bando vencedor, cuyos efectos serán analizados para el caso de Riosa. El objetivo de este trabajo es arrojar luz sobre algunas cuestiones, poco conocidas, relativas al mundo del trabajo en unos años convulsos como fueron los últimos de la Guerra Civil y los primeros del nuevo régimen.
Slumming it with the Princess, or Henry James's Millennium People
Authors: Meaney Thomas
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The idea that one's class position determines one's suitability for overturning bourgeois society was once a staple of communist thought worldwide. Henry James was no radical. But in The Princess Casamassima , following his commitment to a realistic depiction of the political underground of London of the 1880s, James gamely entered into questions of revolutionary strategy. Curiously, the novel rejects the nascent Fabian belief that upper classes, and elite class traitors, can contribute to the overthrow of bourgeois society and instead, in the figure of Paul Muniment, acknowledges the advantages of revolutionary groupings made up of workers with no illusions about their origins.
“In mutande corte e maglietta”: Leonardo Sinisgalli e l’Ode a Lucio Fontana
Authors: Mirabile Andrea
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Con i versi dell’ Ode a Lucio Fontana (1962), Leonardo Sinisgalli rende omaggio all’amico e maestro Fontana, uno dei maggiori scultori e pittori del Novecento. Il testo sembra quindi un esempio abbastanza tipico di letteratura ekphrastica, nella quale spesso un artista verbale celebra l’opera di un artista visivo. L’ Ode , tuttavia, non è solo un ritratto dell’italo-argentino ma anche un autoritratto dello stesso lucano, in una fase particolarmente complessa della sua carriera. Fontana e Sinisgalli si confrontano con una serie di contraddizioni, sia personali che di carattere collettivo, nel periodo che va dal Fascismo al cosiddetto miracolo economico degli anni Sessanta.
Dynamic beam shaping for LED lighting
Authors: Presniakov Vladimir , Zohrabyan Armen , Sova Oleksandr , Bassene Seydou , Cotovanu Mihai , Bagramyan Aram , Khodadad Behzad , Killick Tom , Galstian Tigran
Published: November 2023

We describe an electrically tunable liquid crystal microlens array with a 65 mm clear aperture that allows the dynamic symmetric broadening of white light without mechanical movements. The fundamental mechanism of broadening is demonstrated to involve a spatial twist of molecular orientation. Continuous variations of the light divergence angle are obtained in a very large dynamic range (from 8° to 50°). Particular attention is paid to maintain the desired intensity and color temperature distributions over the angle. The developed lens may be used in various broadband illumination applications based on light-emitting diode-pumped phosphor sources.
Performance of a U2-net model for phase unwrapping
Authors: Liao Liangzhe , Lei Zhenkun , Tang Chen , Bai Ruixiang , Wang Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

Phase unwrapping plays a pivotal role in optics and is a key step in obtaining phase information. Recently, owing to the rapid development of artificial intelligence, a series of deep-learning-based phase-unwrapping methods has garnered considerable attention. Among these, a representative deep-learning model called U2-net has shown potential for various phase-unwrapping applications. This study proposes a U2-net-based phase-unwrapping model to explore the performance differences between the U2-net and U-net. To this end, first, the U-net, U2-net, and U2-net-lite models are trained simultaneously, then their prediction accuracy, noise resistance, generalization capability, and model weight size are compared. The results show that the U2-net model outperformed the U-net model. In particular, the U2-net-lite model achieved the same performance as that of the U2-net model while reducing the model weight size to 6.8% of the original U2-net model, thereby realizing a lightweight model.
Incoherent digital holography with two polarization-sensitive phase-only spatial light modulators and reduced number of exposures
Authors: Tahara Tatsuki
Published: November 2023

I propose methods for reducing the number of exposures in incoherent
digital holography with two polarization-sensitive phase-only spatial
light modulators (IDH with TPP-SLMs). In IDH with TPP-SLMs, no
polarization filters are required, and not only three-dimensional
(3D), but polarization information is also obtained. However, seven
exposures are required to conduct filter-free polarimetric incoherent
holography. In this article, the optical designs and modified
phase-shifting interferometry to reduce the number of recordings are
described. IDH with TPP-SLMs has the potential for filter-free
single-shot multidimensional incoherent holographic imaging.
Light absorption by a planar array of spherical particles and a matrix in which they are embedded: statistical approach
Authors: Loiko Natalia A. , Miskevich Alexander A. , Loiko Valery A.
Published: November 2023

The fractions of light energy absorbed by a 2D array of spherical particles and the matrix in which they are embedded are determined. The solution is based on a volume integral equation and a statistical approach. The absorption coefficient of the array is found via the internal fields of the particles. The absorption coefficient of a matrix is found as the difference between the absorption coefficients of the composite structure and the particles. Numerical results are presented for arrays of metal, semiconductor, and dielectric nano- and microparticles of short-range order and imperfect long-range order in the absorbing media at normal and oblique incidence of a plane wave.
Unique phase retrieval with a bandlimited image and its Fourier transformed constraints
Authors: Xiao Kang , Kong Xinyi , Wang Zhongyang
Published: November 2023

Phase retrieval is a long-standing issue in imaging science; however, it always faces the problems of uniqueness and algorithm stagnation. Current methods to solve such problems rely heavily on support from prior information of the imaged object. In this paper, we propose an imaging method that leverages a bandlimited image and its Fourier transformed constraints for unique phase retrieval. This method can remove both trivial and nontrivial ambiguities by using the inherent constraints of the imaging system itself—without relying on prior information of the object. Furthermore, the proposed method has also been shown to succeed in special cases, including symmetric and pure phase objects. Improvement of convergence achieved by our approach is supported by numerical simulations.
Membrane-in-the-middle optomechanics with a soft-clamped membrane at milliKelvin temperatures
Authors: Planz Eric , Xi Xiang , Capelle Thibault , Langman Eric C. , Schliesser Albert
Published: November 2023

Soft-clamped silicon nitride membrane resonators are capable of coherence times τ exceeding 100 ms at millikelvin bath temperatures. However, harnessing strong optomechanical coupling in dry dilution refrigerators remains a challenge due to vibration issues and heating by optical absorption. Here, we address these issues with an actuator-free optical cavity and mechanical resonator design, with the cavity mounted on a simple vibration-isolation platform. We observe dynamical backaction when the cavity is driven with a free-space optical beam stabilized close to the red sideband using a two-beam locking scheme. Finally, we characterize the effect of absorption heating on coherence time, finding it scales with the intracavity power P as τ ∝ P−(0.34±0.04).
Nonlinear compression of naturally down-chirped superradiance pulses from a free-electron laser oscillator by thick germanium plates
Authors: Zen Heishun , Hajima Ryoichi , Ohgaki Hideaki
Published: November 2023

Naturally down-chirped superradiance pulses, with mirco-pulse energy, peak wavelength, and micropulse duration of 40 µJ, 8.7 μm, and 5.1 optical cycles, respectively, emitted from a free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator were nonlinearly compressed down to 3.7 optical cycles using a 30-mm-thick Ge plate. The peak power enhancement owing to nonlinear compression was found to be 40%. The achieved peak power and pulse duration were comparable to those of recently developed high-intensity and few-cycle long-wavelength infrared sources based on solid-state lasers. FEL oscillators operating in the superradiance regime can serve as unique tools for studying strong-field physics in long-wavelength infrared regions.
Adversarial network for multi-input image restoration under strong turbulence
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Tian Xue , Jiang Yutong , Li Xingxin , Li Zhiyi , Li Dongming , Zhang Songtao
Published: November 2023

Turbulence generated by random ups and downs in the refractive index of the atmosphere produces varying degrees of distortion and blurring of images in the camera. Traditional methods ignore the effect of strong turbulence on the image. This paper proposes a deep neural network to enhance image clarity under strong turbulence to handle this problem. This network is divided into two sub-networks, the generator and the discriminator, whose functions are to mitigate the effects of turbulence on the image and to determine the authenticity of the recovered image. After extensive experiments, it is proven that the present network plays a role in mitigating the image degradation problem caused by atmospheric turbulence.
Cooperative optical pattern formation in an ultrathin atomic layer
Authors: Parmee C. D. , Ruostekoski J.
Published: November 2023

Spontaneous pattern formation from a uniform state is a widely studied nonlinear optical phenomenon that shares similarities with non-equilibrium pattern formation in other scientific domains. Here we show how a single layer of atoms in an array can undergo nonlinear amplification of fluctuations, leading to the formation of intricate optical patterns. The origin of the patterns is intrinsically cooperative, eliminating the necessity of mirrors or cavities, although introduction of a mirror in the vicinity of the atoms significantly modifies the scattering profiles. The emergence of these optical patterns is tied to a bistable collective response, which can be qualitatively described by a long-wavelength approximation, similar to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation of optical Kerr media or ring cavities. These collective excitations have the ability to form singular defects and unveil atomic position fluctuations through wave-like distortions.
Efficient and systematic parameter extraction based on rate equations by DFB equivalent circuit model
Authors: Ding Qingan , Yang Qunying , Li Jianyu , Gu Chaoran , Li Zhaosong , Tan Xiangguan , Gao Feng , Chen Xiao , Niu Qun
Published: November 2023

The conventional direct parameter extraction method generally suffers from cumbersome due to redundant experiments. An efficient and systematical parameter extracting solution is proposed based on an equivalent circuit model of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The successfully built circuit model includes the necessary intrinsic parameters in the rate equations and the extrinsic parameters to provide a better approximation of the actual laser. This method is experimentally verified through a DFB laser chip measurement of electronic and optical performance under the same conditions. Finally, the nine intrinsic parameters in the rate equations and five extrinsic parameters in the model are efficiently extracted using this technique from a set of experimental characteristics of a DFB laser chip. Modeled and measured results for the laser output characteristics exhibit good agreement when the extracted parameters are used. The method is versatile for other semiconductor lasers that can be modeled using rate equations. Comparison with simulation results of published laser models further validates the reliability of the presented model and extraction method.
ZIMFLUX: Single molecule localization microscopy with patterned illumination in 3D
Authors: van Velde Pieter , Rieger Bernd , Hindsdale Taylor , Cnossen Jelmer , Fan Daniel , Hung Shih-Te , Grunwald David , Smith Carlas
Published: November 2023

Three dimensional modulation-enhanced single-molecule localization techniques, such as ModLoc, offer advancements in axial localization precision across the entire field of view and axial capture range, by applying phase shifting to the illumination pattern. However, this improvement is limited by the pitch of the illumination pattern that can be used and requires registration between separate regions of the camera. To overcome these limitations, we present ZIMFLUX, a method that combines astigmatic point-spread-function (PSF) engineering with a structured illumination pattern in all three spatial dimensions. In order to achieve this we address challenges such as optical aberrations, refractive index mismatch, supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF), and imaging at varying depths within a sample, by implementing a vectorial PSF model. In scenarios involving refractive index mismatch between the sample and immersion medium, the astigmatic PSF loses its ellipticity at greater imaging depths, leading to a deterioration in axial localization precision. In contrast, our simulations demonstrate that ZIMFLUX maintains high axial localization precision even when imaging deeper into the sample. Experimental results show unbiased localization of 3D 80 nm DNA-origami nanostructures in SAF conditions with a 1.5-fold improvement in axial localization precision when comparing ZIMFLUX to conventional SMLM methods that rely solely on astigmatic PSF engineering.
Method for increasing the utilization rate of birefringence in liquid crystal lenses
Authors: Feng Wenbin , Ye Mao
Published: November 2023

We propose a method to increase the utilization rate of birefringence in liquid crystal (LC) lenses. The method involves designing electrode patterns based on the phase response curve of the LC material, enabling the lenses to operate across a wide range of driving voltages while generating the desired phase profile. The underlying principle of this technique is discussed in detail. Electrode patterns have been successfully designed for positive and negative cylindrical LC lenses. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed lenses generate a parabolic phase profile even when the driving voltage exceeds the linear response region. The utilization rate of LC birefringence for the positive lens has increased from 41.3% to 69.7%, indicating a 68.8% increase from the original. For the negative lens, the utilization rate has risen from 41.8% to 68.7%, representing a 64.4% increase from the original.
On-chip coherent beam combination of waveguide amplifiers on Er3+-doped thin film lithium niobate
Authors: Bao Rui , Song Lvbin , Chen Jinming , Wang Zhe , Liu Jian , Gao Lang , Liu Zhaoxiang , Zhang Zhihao , Wang Min , Zhang Haisu , Fang Zhiwei , Cheng Ya
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate on-chip coherent beam combination of two waveguide
amplifiers on Er3+-doped thin film lithium niobate
(Er:TFLN) platform. Our device is built based on an electro-optic
modulator fabricated on Er:TFLN. The output power of the coherently
combined amplifiers is measured as high as 12.9 mW, surpassing that of
previous single waveguide amplifiers based on an Er3+-doped
thin film lithium niobate platform.
SNR-enhanced signal delivery scheme with delta–sigma modulation in a four-mode fiber system
Authors: Long Jianyu , Wang Chen , Sang Bohan , Ding Junjie , Wang Kaihui , Zhu Bowen , Zheng Tianqi , Zhou Wen , Ye Bing , Chen Weizhang , Liu Bo , Shen Lei , Yu Jianjun
Published: November 2023

This Letter proposes a scheme for optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signal to improve the system performance by a 1 bit delta–sigma modulation (DSM) in a four-mode MDM system for mobile fronthaul. A 1 bit digitalized signal with an SNR of 60 dB from transmitter digital signal processing (Tx DSP) can be achieved. Based on this system, an experimental demonstration of the ultrahigh-order 1048576-QAM signal transmission over a 50 km strong-coupling few-mode fiber (FMF) is successfully realized. With DSP, the bit error rate (BER) of the received 1048576-QAM signals over four modes transmission is below the 20% soft-decision forward error correction (20% SD-FEC) threshold of 2.4 × 10−2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the combination of DSM technology and strong-coupling MDM system is achieved and that the highest-modulation order with DSM reported in MDM system is reached. This experimental demonstration of the proposed novel scheme in MDM system can provide an effective solution for ultra-large-capacity mobile fronthaul in the future.
Fabrication of a self-aligned multi-waveguide-layer passive Si3N4/SiO2 photonic integrated circuit for a 3-D optical phased array device
Authors: Wu Dachuan , Owen Kevin , Yu Bowen , Yi Yasha
Published: November 2023

Most traditional PICs (photonics integrated circuits) are based on a single-waveguide-layer configuration, which takes advantage of the mature fabrication process from the EIC (electronic integrated circuits) industry; but in the meantime, this configuration also limits the performance of PICs in applications such as OPA (optical phased array) devices. We have proposed a multi-waveguide-layer 3-D (3 dimensional) OPA device and demonstrated its unique advantage in broadband high efficiency. In this paper, we present the fabrication process of the proposed 3-D OPA in detail. By developing the fabrication process with a single lithography step, we address the two potential issues in a multi-waveguide-layer PIC: the alignment between layers; and the accurate spacing control between layers. The detailed considerations of processes are also elaborated, especially in the PR (photoresist) exposure and etching.
A Bayesian method to infer copy number clones from single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing
Authors: Patruno Lucrezia , Milite Salvatore , Bergamin Riccardo , Calonaci Nicola , D’Onofrio Alberto , Anselmi Fabio , Antoniotti Marco , Graudenzi Alex , Caravagna Giulio
Published: November 2023

Single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing technologies enable the examination of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in individual cells, providing insights into cellular phenotypes. In cancer research, it is important to consistently analyze these states within an evolutionary context on genetic clones. Here we present CONGAS+, a Bayesian model to map single-cell RNA and ATAC profiles onto the latent space of copy number clones. CONGAS+ clusters cells into tumour subclones with similar ploidy, rendering straightforward to compare their expression and chromatin profiles. The framework, implemented on GPU and tested on real and simulated data, scales to analyse seamlessly thousands of cells, demonstrating better performance than single-molecule models, and supporting new multi-omics assays. In prostate cancer, lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma, CONGAS+ successfully identifies complex subclonal architectures while providing a coherent mapping between ATAC and RNA, facilitating the study of genotype-phenotype maps and their connection to genomic instability.
Real-time resolution studies of the regulation of pyruvate-dependent lactate metabolism by hexokinases in single cells
Authors: John Scott , Calmettes Guillaume , Xu Shili , Ribalet Bernard
Published: November 2023

Lactate is a mitochondrial substrate for many tissues including neuron, muscle, skeletal and cardiac, as well as many cancer cells, however little is known about the processes that regulate its utilization in mitochondria. Based on the close association of Hexokinases (HK) with mitochondria, and the known cardio-protective role of HK in cardiac muscle, we have investigated the regulation of lactate and pyruvate metabolism by hexokinases (HKs), utilizing wild-type HEK293 cells and HEK293 cells in which the endogenous HKI and/or HKII have been knocked down to enable overexpression of wild type and mutant HKs. To assess the real-time changes in intracellular lactate levels the cells were transfected with a lactate specific FRET probe. In the HKI/HKII double knockdown cells, addition of extracellular pyruvate caused a large and sustained decrease in lactate. This decrease was rapidly reversed upon inhibition of the malate aspartate shuttle by aminooxyacetate, or inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative respiration by NaCN. These results suggest that in the absence of HKs, pyruvate-dependent activation of the TCA cycle together with the malate aspartate shuttle facilitates lactate transformation into pyruvate and its utilization by mitochondria. With replacement by overexpression of HKI or HKII the cellular response to pyruvate and NaCN was modified. With either hexokinase present, both the decrease in lactate due to the addition of pyruvate and the increase following addition of NaCN were either transient or suppressed altogether. Blockage of the pentose phosphate pathway with the inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), abolished the effects of HK replacement. These results suggest that blocking of the malate aspartate shuttle by HK may involve activation of the pentose phosphate pathway and increased NADPH production.
Validating the Unmind Index as a measure of mental health and wellbeing among adults in USA, Australia, and New Zealand
Authors: Travers Eoin , Loe Bao Sheng , Sun Luning , Bolton Heather
Published: November 2023

Background

The Unmind Index is a 26-item, 7-subscale measure of mental health and wellbeing designed for use on the Unmind digital workplace mental health platform. The Unmind Index was developed and validated in the UK but is used internationally. This paper reports further psychometric validation of this measure for use in USA, Australia, and New Zealand (ANZ).

Methods

Participants in four countries completed the Unmind Index and a battery of existing measures. In Study 1 (N = 770), we validated the Unmind Index separately in USA and in ANZ. In Study 2 (N = 600), we used multiple group confirmatory factor analysis to test the measurement invariance of the Unmind Index across the UK, USA, and ANZ.

Results

Study 1 establishes the factor structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and measurement invariance by age and gender of the Unmind Index separately for USA and for ANZ. Study 2 further demonstrates measurement invariance across locations, and establishes benchmark scores by location, age, and gender.

Conclusions

We conclude that the Unmind Index is valid and reliable as a measure of mental health and wellbeing in these locations.
How flexible leadership ability affects manufacturing enterprises’ digital transformation willingness: The role of innovation commitment and environmental dynamics
Authors: Zhu Jianxin , Jin Yu
Published: November 2023

Existing studies have recognized the significance of leadership ability on enterprises’ digital transformation. However, few of them pay attention to the mechanism of flexible leadership ability (FLA) on digital transformation willingness (DTW). This study aims to explore the influence mechanism of FLA on DTW based on the ability-behavior-purpose logical framework. Survey data is collected from 509 large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China, and multiple regression and PROCESS Macro methods are used for hypothesis testing. This study mainly discusses the impact of FLA on DTW, as well as the mediating role of innovation commitment (IC) and the moderating role of environmental dynamics (ED). Results show that FLA promotes DTW directly (β = 0.574, p<0.001) and indirectly, that is, through IC (the main effect decreased from (β = 0.574, p<0.001) to (β = 0.40, p<0.001). Additionally, the moderating role of ED affects the direct path of FLA on DTW (β = 0.167, p<0.001) as well as the two indirect paths (β = 0.196, p<0.001; β = 0.104, p<0.01). The findings contribute to the advancement of flexible leadership theory, and provide practical advice for enterprises on how to implement digital transformation.
Evaluating TCFD reporting—A new application of zero-shot analysis to climate-related financial disclosures
Authors: Auzepy Alix , Tönjes Elena , Lenz David , Funk Christoph
Published: November 2023

We examine climate-related disclosures in a large sample of reports published by banks that officially endorsed the recommendations of the Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). In doing so, we introduce a new application of the zero-shot text classification. By developing a set of fine-grained TCFD labels, we show that zero-shot analysis is a useful tool for classifying climate-related disclosures without further model training. Overall, our findings indicate that corporate climate-related disclosures increased after the launch of the TCFD recommendations and following individual endorsements. However, there are marked differences in the extent of reporting by recommended disclosure topic, suggesting that some recommendations have not yet been fully met. Our findings yield important conclusions for the design of climate-related disclosure frameworks.
Impact of hospitalization on nutritional status in persons aged 65 years and over (NUTRIFRAG Study): Protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Carretero-Randez Cristina , Orts-Cortés María Isabel , Rodríguez-Pérez Margarita , Gonzalez-Chordá Víctor Manuel , Trescastro-López Eva María , Blanco-Blanco Joan , Martínez-Soldevila Jordi , Ruiz-Heras-Hera Aránzazu , Castellano-Santana Pedro Raúl , Marquez-Sixto Amando , Domingo-Pozo Manuela , Zomeño-Ros Antonia Inmaculada , Montero-Marco Jesica , Charlo-Bernardos Marta , Moncho Joaquín , Abad-González Ángel Luís , Castillo-García María Trinidad , Sánchez-García Ana Belén , De Pascual y Medina Ana María , Clement-Santamaría Rosa Ana , Franco-Bernal Ascensión , Camacho-Bejarano Rafaela
Published: November 2023

Background

Malnutrition is a recurring problem that has become more relevant in recent years. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of malnutrition and nutritional status on admission and its evolution until discharge in patients aged 65 and over admitted to medical and surgical hospitalization units in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System.

Methods

Prospective observational study to be carried out in the medical-surgical hospitalization units of 9 public hospitals between 01/09/2022 and 31/12/2024. Using consecutive sampling, a total of 4077 patients will be included (453 in each hospital). Variables included are related to the care process, functionality, cognition and comorbidity, risk profile, nutritional status and dysphagia; as well as frailty, dietary quality and contextual variables. The incidence of risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and dysphagia during the care process and at discharge will be calculated. The association with risk factors will be studied with logistic regression models and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, an analysis of participants’ satisfaction with food services will be carried out. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on 30/09/2020, approved for funding on 02/12/2021 and with registration number RBR-5jnbyhk in the Brazilian clinical trials database (ReBEC) for observational studies.

Discussion

Some studies address nutritional status or dysphagia in older people in various care settings. However, there is a lack of large sample studies including both processes of the impact of hospitalization. The results of the project will provide information on the incidence and prevalence of both pathologies in the study subjects, their associated factors and their relationship with the average length of stay, mortality and early readmission. In addition, early detection of a problem such as malnutrition related to the disease and/or dysphagia during a hospital stay will favor the action of professionals to resolve both pathologies and improve the health status of patients.
Adherence to different complementary feeding methods in the first year of life: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sanini Belin Christy Hannah , Nunes Leandro Meirelles , Ficagna Cátia Regina , Neves Renata Oliveira , Moreira Paula Ruffoni , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi
Published: November 2023

Background

Infant-guided methods, such as Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), encourage children to feed themselves from the same food consumed by their family since the beginning of the introduction of complementary foods, in opposition to the Parent-Led Weaning (PLW) method, which proposes foods mashed with a fork and given by parents. Adherence to child-guided methods is low due to a lack of confidence in the children’s ability to feed themselves. This study aimed to assess adherence to three methods of food introduction: PLW, BLISS, or mixed (PLW and BLISS) at seven, nine, and 12 months of age.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted with mother-infant pairs undergoing intervention at 5.5 months of age. Data were presented in absolute numbers and percentages and analyzed using the Chi-Square test.

Results

The sample was constituted of 139 mother-infant pairs: 45 (32%) used PLW, 48 (35%) used BLISS, and 46 (33%) used the mixed method. Adherence to the method at seven, nine, and 12 months of age children was 34.1% (n = 45), 28.5% (n = 37), and 34.1% (n = 46), respectively. The mixed method presented significantly higher adherence results: 69.0% (n = 29) at seven months, 55.8% (n = 24) at nine months, and 78.6% (n = 33) at 12 months (p<0.001). Among the sample that unfollowed the proposed method, those who used PLW and BLISS migrated mostly to the mixed method at 12 months, 60.0% (n = 27) and 72.9% (n = 35) of them, respectively, because of the feeding mode and 97.8% (n = 44) and 100.0% (n = 48) because of food consistency.

Conclusion

Complementary feeding in a mixed method presented higher adherence at seven, nine, and 12 months of age of children, which shows the feasibility of this approach to guide families in the introduction of complementary feeding.