bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
META-ANALISIS LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERNUANSA EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT
Authors: Khairatunnisa Khairatunnisa , Ardi
Published: July 2024

The development of Learner Worksheets (LKPD) in biology learning needs to be optimised for the biology learning process. LKPD can be equipped with a 21st century learning model, one of which is Problem Based Learning. The Merdeka Curriculum does not only prioritise intellectual but also spiritual attitudes, therefore, LKPD can be associated with Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ). The purpose of this study was to analyse the development of PBL-based LKPD and LKPD with ESQ nuances. The research method used is the meta-analysis method, which collects similar articles from various national journals from 2019-2023. The sample used in this study was 10 articles related to the development of PBL-based LKPD and LKPD with ESQ nuances. The results of this study obtained an average validity value of 90.8% categorised as very valid while the average practicality value obtained was 90.1% categorised as very practical. Based on the results of the analysis, the development of PBL-based LKPD and LKPD with ESQ nuances meets the criteria of very valid very practical so it is feasible to use in the learning process.
Introduction: Must We Burn Masud Khan?
Authors: Nobus Dany
Published: July 2024

Following the publication of a first instalment of the 39 Work Books of M. Masud R. Khan in November 2022 and the recent donation to the Freud Museum London of the full original correspondence between Khan and Wladimir Granoff, and between Khan and Victor Smirnoff, this essay serves the dual purpose of ensuring that Khan’s memory is being kept alive and informing its readership of the newly available archival documents. It briefly retraces the history of Khan’s conflicts with the British Psychoanalytical Society up to the destruction, in July 2019, of the Khan archives that were in the possession of the International Psychoanalytical Association. In addition, the author recounts how he came into possession of the letters Khan exchanged with Granoff and Smirnoff, and why it was decided to establish a Khan archive at the Freud Museum London. The prospect of this new archive being supplemented with the letters from Khan to his second wife, Svetlana Beriosova, and a full copy of the Work Books is also discussed.
Notes on an Interview with M. Masud R. Khan
Authors: Anderson James William
Published: July 2024

In this article, I explain the background of my historic interview, published in this issue of Psychoanalysis and History, with M. Masud R. Khan. Originally, four interviews with Khan were conducted and excerpts from each were chosen to construct the interview as published in this journal. I describe setting up the four interviews that took place in Khan’s flat in London. My goal in the first of these interviews was to discuss Khan’s observations of Donald W. Winnicott, but, after that, the interviews focused on Khan’s own experiences. I consider the question of how truthful Khan was in the published interview, in the light of Khan’s admission that he had a habit of ‘spinning yarns’ and presenting ‘fictions.’ One of the main topics of the interview is Khan’s meeting with John Bowlby soon after Khan, in his early twenties, moved to London from British India. The story, as Khan tells it, is dramatic. I shared with Bowlby what Khan had said, and Bowlby in a letter questioned Khan’s account. I present what Bowlby wrote to me about the meeting between Bowlby and Khan.
Psychoanalysis at Hawkspur Camp and Other Therapeutic Communities for Antisocial Children and Young People
Authors: Tomcic Ana
Published: July 2024

Psychoanalytically informed therapeutic communities constitute an important, but often forgotten, chapter in the history of applied psychoanalysis. Apart from the original experiments by analysts and educators such as August Aichhorn or Homer Lane, little is known about the vibrant and socially progressive nature of residential communities established during and in the aftermath of the Second World War. This article explores the uses of psychoanalysis in four such communities that worked with antisocial children and young people: the Hawkspur Camp, established in 1936 by David Wills and Marjorie Franklin; the Barns Hostel, a hostel for ‘unmanageable’ child evacuees from Edinburgh and Glasgow, active during the Second World War; the Reynolds House, a residential home for boys leaving approved schools who had no home to return to, started in London in 1963; and the Cotswold Community, a residential school for ‘maladjusted’ children in Wiltshire, transformed into a therapeutic community in 1967. Apart from the modifications of psychoanalytic methods made necessary by this environment, a key question posed by these communities is what constitutes healing social relationships at large, and how psychoanalysis can be instrumental in building and maintaining them.
Implementasi Program Literasi Keislaman Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Berpikir Kritis Siswa Di MTs Madrasatul Quran Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Viola Takhta Alfin Nurron  , Ridwan Burhanuddin Ridwan
Published: July 2024

Program literasi keislaman adalah literasi kemampuan yang mengakses, memahami, dan menggunakan informasi dengan bijak melalui aktivitas seperti membaca, menulis, berbicara dan menyimak. Literasi keislaman di MTs Madrasatul quran tersebut siswa mencari sebuah informasi keislaman didalam pondok pesantren yang bertujuan melahirkan siswa yang gemar membaca dan menulis dan mampu menjadikan siswa yang aktif dan terampil dengan begitu mampu meningkatkan siswa yang berpikir kritis terhadap siswa. Peneliti menetapkan 3 fokus penelitian : 1). Bagaimana program literasi keislaman yang ada di MTs Madrasatul Quran Tebuireng Jombang, 2). Bagaimana meningkatkan sikap berpikir kritis siswa di MTs Madrasatul Quran Tebuireng Jombang, 3). Bagaimana implementasi program literasi keislaman dalam meningkatkan sikap berpikir kritis siswa di MTs Madrasatul Quran Tebuireng Jombang. Bersamaan dengan judul penelitian, peneliti menerapkan jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dengan begitu peneliti pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi secara langsung dilapangan, wawancara dengan narasumber, dan dokumentasi sebagai bukti pendukung keabsahan data. Peneliti mendapatkan hasil penelitian, adapun: 1). Pembelajaran literasi dikelas VII dilakukan 1 kali dalam 1 minggu pada waktu kamis dengan durasi waktu pembelajaran 2 jam pelajaran tersebut diisi teori dan praktik program literasi keislaman. 2). Pembelajaran literasi dapat meningkatkan sikap berpikir kritis seperti mampu menganalisis, dapat meningkatkan daya ingat dan daya fokus terhadap siswa, 3). Program literasi keislaman suatu kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkn minat baca dan tulis sehingga hal itu memacu meningkatkannya sikap berpikir kritis pada siswa.
Enhancing Project Management Education: Investigating the Effectiveness of Flipped Learning and Active Experiential Learning Approaches
Authors: Syed Abd Latif Sharifah Rosfashida , T. Subramaniam Thirumeni , Che Leh Azmi , Hassanor Mohd Tajuzzaman
Published: July 2024

This study proposes an in-depth investigation into the efficacy of combining flipped learning and active experiential learning methodologies within the context of project management education at Open University Malaysia. The primary aim is to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional lecture-based teaching approach, which often falls short in engaging students and equipping them with the practical skills required for effective project management in real-world scenarios. By transitioning towards a more student-centered model through the implementation of flipped classrooms, this research seeks to enhance student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall satisfaction with the course. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study will involve quantitative and qualitative techniques to gather comprehensive data. This includes pre- and post-assessment of students' knowledge and understanding of project management principles, alongside surveys and reflective journals to capture students' perceptions of the learning experience. The participant base will consist of students enrolled in a project management course, allowing for direct observation of the pedagogical strategies' impacts. The anticipated outcomes of this research are twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of integrating flipped learning and active experiential learning in project management education. Secondly, it seeks to offer actionable insights for educators and educational institutions on how to design and implement more engaging and effective instructional strategies. Ultimately, this study aspires to contribute significantly to the literature on educational methodologies in project management, paving the way for enhanced educational practices and student preparedness for professional success.
The functional impact on donor vessel following transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas—a retrospective study using QFR analysis
Authors: Sang Zhenchi , Ji Qingqi , Tong Huan , Shen Linghong , Wang Xiaolong , He Ben
Published: July 2024

Background

The impact of transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula (CAF) and residual shunt after occlusion on improving blood flow in the donor vessel remains uncertain.

Objectives

To evaluate the functional impact on the donor vessel following CAFs closure using QFR (Quantitative Flow Ratio) analysis.

Methods

A total of 46 patients with 48 CAFs who underwent transcatheter closure at Shanghai Chest Hospital and Shuguang Hospital between March 2015 and August 2023 were included in the review. The clinical, angiographic details, and QFR data were subjected to analysis. The size of the fistulae was defined according to the ratio between the diameters of the fistulae and the largest diameter of the coronary vessel not feeding the coronary fistula.

Results

Among 48 CAFs, the average diameter of the fistulae ostium was 3.19 ± 1.04 mm, while the mean diameter of the donor vessel segment following fistulae was 3.45 ± 1.01 mm. The mean QFR value of the donor vessels with medium CAFs was found to be significantly lower than those with small CAFs (0.93 ± 0.10 vs. 0.98 ± 0.03; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean QFR value of donor vessels with medium CAFs was observed to be significantly improved after occlusion (0.99 ± 0.01 vs. 0.93 ± 0.10; p = 0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in the mean QFR value of donor vessels with small CAFs before and after occlusion (0.98 ± 0.03 vs. 0.98 ± 0.02; p > 0.05). Moreover, the changes in QFR were more pronounced in donor vessels with medium CAFs compared to those with small CAFs after occlusion (0.06 ± 0.10 vs. 0.005 ± 0.012; p = 0.01). There is no statistical difference in the mean QFR variation and QFR variation rate between donor vessels with CAFs that occurred residual shunt and those without residual shunt after occlusion (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The presence of medium CAFs has a significant impact on the blood flow of the donor vessel, as compared to small CAFs, and may benefit from occlusion. A small residual shunt has no significant impact on the effectiveness of CAFs occlusion in enhancing donor blood flow.
Integration of curriculum ideology and politics in higher education: a case study of English linguistics in China
Authors: Mei Zhixing
Published: July 2024

Amidst efforts to fulfill the Chinese government’s education guide for morality building and character cultivating, curriculum ideology and politics have emerged as key aspects in higher education pedagogy. English linguistics, a staple for junior English majors and often perceived as theoretical and challenging, represents an opportunity to align with national education directives. This study explores the integration of ideological and political education within the English major’s curriculum, specifically within an English linguistics course. This paper details an empirical case study conducted in a local Jiangxi university in China, where an “ideological education + linguistics” teaching model was carefully crafted and implemented in the introductory linguistics session. Methodologies included classroom observation, post-lesson questionnaire and interview, revealing enhancements in student engagement, understanding of linguistic concepts, and scientific and logical reasoning. Additionally, noteworthy improvements in teaching methodologies were reported. The findings affirm the model’s feasibility and effectiveness in reinforcing the curriculum ideology and politics in major disciplines, suggesting a beneficial tripartite impact on national educational goals, student learning, and teaching innovation. Research significance indicates that by applying their experiences, front-line teachers can act as researchers, enhancing the implementation of educational research; besides theoretical studies, micro case studies are essential to validate and complement educational research, thus contributing to the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework.
Exploring university students’ preferences and satisfaction in utilizing digital tools for foreign language learning
Authors: Pikhart Marcel , Klimova Blanka , Al-Obaydi Liqaa Habeb
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the utilization of digital resources, including applications like Duolingo, ChatGPT, and Google Translate, in the language learning practices of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college students from the Czech Republic, Taiwan, and Iraq. Through a questionnaire-based approach, the study explores the digital tools employed, activities conducted, satisfaction levels, and the impact on language skills. Findings reveal diverse usage patterns and positive perceptions, highlighting the multifaceted role of digital resources in vocabulary acquisition, skill development, and language exploration. While participants express overall satisfaction, challenges such as connectivity issues and content variety are identified. The study’s most important finding is that digital resources like Duolingo, ChatGPT, and Google Translate significantly enhance EFL students’ language learning experiences through increased engagement and skill development, despite challenges such as connectivity issues and content diversity. The study underscores the need for ongoing improvement in digital language learning tools and suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing long-term impact, personalized learning paths, emerging technologies, and socio-emotional aspects. Despite limitations, the research provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between technology and language education in diverse cultural contexts.
Common ground on immune infiltration landscape and diagnostic biomarkers in diabetes-complicated atherosclerosis: an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Qi Yifei , Zhang Yan , Guan Shuang , Liu Li , Wang Hongqin , Chen Yao , Zhou Qingbing , Xu Fengqin , Zhang Ying
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of atherosclerosis (AS). However, definitive evidence regarding the common molecular mechanisms underlying these two diseases are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the association between T2DM and AS.

Methods

The gene expression profiles of T2DM (GSE159984) and AS (GSE100927) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, after which overlapping differentially expressed gene identification, bioinformatics enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction network construction, and core genes identification were performed. We confirmed the discriminatory capacity of core genes using receiver operating curve analysis. We further identified transcription factors using TRRUST database to build a transcription factor–mRNA regulatory network. Finally, the immune infiltration and the correlation between core genes and differential infiltrating immune cells were analyzed.

Results

A total of 27 overlapping differentially expressed genes were identified under the two-stress conditions. Functional analyses revealed that immune responses and transcriptional regulation may be involved in the potential pathogenesis. After protein–protein interaction network deconstruction, external datasets, and qRT-PCR experimental validation, four core genes (IL1B, C1QA, CCR5, and MSR1) were identified. ROC analysis further showed the reliable value of these core genes. Four common differential infiltrating immune cells (B cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages) between T2DM and AS datasets were selected based on immune cell infiltration. A significant correlation between core genes and common differential immune cells. Additionally, five transcription factors (RELA, NFκB1, JUN, YY1, and SPI1) regulating the transcription of core genes were mined using upstream gene regulator analysis.

Discussion

In this study, common target genes and co-immune infiltration landscapes were identified between T2DM and AS. The relationship among five transcription factors, four core genes, and four immune cells profiles may be crucial to understanding T2DM complicated with AS pathogenesis and therapeutic direction.
Power quality improvement of unipolar-input-bipolar-output DC transmission system via load power balancing
Authors: Zhao Zhuan , Li Haoran , Sun Fei , Shi Shuhuai , Wang Di , Zhang Jingxian , Wu Chaoyang
Published: July 2024

In DC transmission and distribution systems, both unipolar and bipolar transmission modes exist, and DC transformers used in these systems are also available in either unipolar or bipolar configurations. In actual systems, due to requirements such as economy, land occupation, and reliability, there is a tendency to use a system with unipolar input and bipolar output. However, the bipolar loads, if unbalanced, will lead to increased equipment costs and voltage imbalance, causing power quality problems. This paper defines the Power Unbalance Factor (PUF) to describe the power quality of the studied DC transmission system and presents an improved DC transformer topology based on a power balancing system. This topology realizes bipolar voltage balance and improves the power quality of the DC transmission system when the load is unbalanced. The influence of the proposed solution on the power design of the DC system is demonstrated through theoretical analysis, and its effectiveness for improving the DC power quality is verified by both simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment and physical experiments. When the power electronic transformer needs to be overloaded, the proposed topology can reduce the design power of the two branches by using the difference power, which is economical.
Mechanism and threshold of environmental stressors on seagrass in high-turbidity estuary: case of Zostera japonica in Yellow River Estuary, China
Authors: Yi Yujun , Zhao Fanxuan , Hou Chuanying , Zhang Chengxiang , Tang Caihong
Published: July 2024

Zostera japonica (Z. japonica), the most widely distributed seagrass species in temperate estuaries, has experienced a dramatic decline of nearly 75% over the past decade. While previous research has investigated the adaptation of seagrass individuals and populations to single stress factors, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of multiple stressors remain poorly understood. This study conducted laboratory experiments to examine the response of Z. japonica at different life stages to environmental pressures, specifically salinity and turbidity, as indicated by changes in free amino acids (FAAs). The results demonstrate that Z. japonica exhibits stronger adaptability to high salinity environments but displays weaker adaptability to freshwater conditions. Through single stress experiments, the salinity and turbidity thresholds for FAA homeostatic disturbance in Z. japonica were determined at seedling, juvenile, and mature stages. As Z. japonica matures, its metabolic pathways expand and diversify, allowing the regulation of key FAAs to enhance stress resistance. Turbidity stress exerts a more pronounced negative impact on the cellular homeostasis of Z. japonica compared to salinity stress, and when turbidity levels exceed 150 NTU, they significantly intensify the negative effects of salinity stress on the seagrass. Furthermore, under strong salinity-turbidity interactions, the concentration of key FAAs generally decreases by 20-30%, indicating inhibition of growth and development in Z. japonica. These findings have important implications for the conservation of intertidal seagrass beds and estuarine ecosystems in the face of multiple human activities and environmental stressors. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Z. japonica’s adaptations to salinity and turbidity stress, contributing to the development of targeted strategies to mitigate the impacts of environmental pressures on seagrass populations and promote the resilience of these critical marine ecosystems.
Effects of cadmium on the growth, muscle composition, digestion, gene expression of antioxidant and lipid metabolism in juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xie Yi , Qin Rongxin , Huang Enhao , Zhang Ziqi , Zhou Jiang , Liu Dongsheng , Meng Liuqing , Liu Yongqiang , Tong Tong
Published: July 2024

Cadmium could induce various degrees of harm to aquatic organisms. A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on growth, muscle composition, digestive enzyme activity, gene expression of antioxidants and lipid metabolism in juvenile genetic improvement of farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus, Initial weight: 21.36 ± 0.24 g). Four cadmium concentrations of aquaculture water were designed: 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/L Cd2+. The main results are as follows: Compared with the control group (0 mg/L Cd2+), the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth index (DGI), and spleen index (SI) of juvenile GIFT under cadmium stress were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The contents of crude protein and crude lipid in muscle were significantly decreased (p< 0.05), and the ash was significantly increased (p< 0.05). The activities of trypsin, lipase, and α-amylase in the intestinal were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The relative expression levels of carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (cpt-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), pparγ, hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leptin (lep), fatty acid synthetase (fas), cholesterol response element binding protein 1 (srebp1), squalene cyclooxygenase (sqle), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd) genes in liver were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). The relative expression levels of catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione S-transferase (gst), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) genes in the liver were significantly decreased (p< 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to cadmium stress could impact growth, muscle composition, digestive enzyme activity, gene expression of antioxidant and lipid metabolism in juvenile GIFT.
A prospective cohort study on cognitive and psychological outcomes in COVID-19 ICU survivors at 3 months of follow up
Authors: Thomas Merlin , Hameed Mansoor , Hussein Mousa , George Saibu , Rajalekshmi M. R. , Akram Jaweria , Sharma Rohit , Al Adab Aisha Hussain O. , Ahmad Mushtaq , Singh Rajvir , Raza Tasleem
Published: July 2024

Objective

The Outcomes – Short and Long term in ICU patient with COVID-19 “OUTSTRIP COVID-19” study was initiated to assess overall mortality, physical and psychiatric co-morbidities, reduction in lung function, and the ability to return to work post-ICU discharge with a follow-up period of 2 years in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Qatar. This paper focuses on the prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and stress at baseline and 3 months after ICU discharge.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 100 ICU survivors reviewed at baseline within 7 weeks of ICU discharge, with a 3-month follow-up. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and relevant medical history were collected at baseline. Cognitive outcomes were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) tool, while psychological outcomes were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).

Results

At baseline, 72% of ICU survivors exhibited mild cognitive impairment, which significantly improved to 56% at 3 months. However, severe cognitive impairment persisted in 20% of survivors at 3 months.

For psychological outcomes, the mean depression score remained below 9 (5.64 ± 6.90) at both time points, with no significant change. At baseline, 25% of survivors had clinical depression, which reduced to 16% at 3 months.

The mean anxiety score at baseline (9.35 ± 8.50) significantly decreased to 6.51 ± 7.74 (p = 0.002) at 3 months. Anxiety was not reported by 48% of survivors at baseline and this increased to 66% at 3 months. Severe to extremely severe anxiety decreased from 19% to 12% during the same period.

The mean stress score at baseline (8.34 ± 8.07) did not significantly change at 3 months. At baseline, 18% experienced stress, which decreased to 12% at 3 months, with 5.3% facing severe to extremely severe stress.

Conclusion

COVID-19 ICU survivors experience significant cognitive impairment, anxiety, and stress. While cognitive impairment and anxiety showed improvements at 3 months, depression and stress remained unchanged. These outcomes strongly emphasize the requirement for thorough post-ICU care and comprehensive mental health assistance for individuals recovering from COVID-19. Customized interventions and additional research endeavors are crucial to effectively manage the cognitive and psychological consequences faced by these patients. The exploration of telemonitoring and innovative approaches can offer avenues to enhance the overall quality of life for survivors. Further investigation should encompass extended timeframes to analyze prolonged effects and consider the broader socioeconomic impact.
Application of articaine in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Shulin , Shui Li , Liu Zhaohui , Li Qi
Published: July 2024

Background

To investigate the comparative effects of local anesthesia using lidocaine with adrenaline vs. articaine with adrenaline in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR).

Methods

This retrospective study included a total of 180 patients. These patients were categorized into two groups: the lidocaine group, which received 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 adrenaline), and the articaine group, which received 4% articaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) for local anesthesia. The study compared anesthesia efficacy, intraoperative pain levels, intraoperative bleeding, as well as differences in heart rate and blood pressure between the two groups.

Results

The articaine group demonstrated a significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) pain score when compared to the lidocaine group, measuring at 4.4 ± 0.6 cm vs. 5.0 ± 1.0 cm, respectively (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the articaine group exhibited a higher anesthesia efficacy compared to the lidocaine group (89.0% vs. 76.6%, p = 0.0487). Notably, the articaine group experienced less nasal mucosal bleeding during the surgery in contrast to the lidocaine group (p = 0.004). However, there were no statistically significant differences in changes in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that 4% articaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) has superior clinical effectiveness in comparison to 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 adrenaline) in EN-DCR.
Application of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of pulmonary bronchus: case report and literature review
Authors: Shao Mingyan , Fan Sisi , Qi Wanling , Luo Zhehuang , Xu Rong , Liao Fengxiang
Published: July 2024

Background

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a clinically rare, low-grade malignant soft tissue tumor that occasionally metastasizes. It accounts for 0.3% of all soft tissue tumors and most frequently occurs in the extremities, followed by the trunk, and the head and neck. Primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (PAFH) of the pulmonary bronchus is rare. In this paper, the clinical and imaging data of a case of PAFH of the pulmonary bronchus are reported, and the literature is reviewed.

Case description

A 57-year-old female patient presented with a six-month history of cough without apparent cause, characterized by paroxysmal dry cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, which worsened with activity. She did not experience fever, chills, chest pain, hemoptysis, or night sweats. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated C-reactive protein and ferritin levels, while tumor markers such as AFP, CEA, CA199, CA125, CA50, and T-SPOT were negative. A chest CT scan showed bronchial obstruction, atelectasis, and a soft tissue density in the right middle lobe of the lung. The enhanced scan demonstrated uneven enhancement of endobronchial nodules. An 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed a nodular soft tissue density shadow in the right lung bronchus with uneven density, clear boundaries, and increased 18F-FDG uptake, with a maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 11.2. Bronchoscopy revealed a nodular or polypoid mass that was yellow and tough. Based on imaging findings, the preoperative diagnosis favored lung cancer. However, the postoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (PAFH) of the pulmonary bronchus.

Conclusion

The incidence of primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (PAFH) is very low, and its clinical manifestations and imaging findings lack specificity, with the final diagnosis relying on pathology. PET/CT imaging has a certain value in the diagnosis of PAFH and holds significant application value in preoperative staging, postoperative efficacy evaluation, and follow-up monitoring. In conclusion, this case report further expands the spectrum of lung and bronchial tumors.
MAGs-centric crack: how long will, spore-positive Frankia and most Protofrankia, microsymbionts remain recalcitrant to axenic growth?
Authors: Gtari Maher , Maaoui Radhi , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Ben Slama Karim , Sbissi Imed
Published: July 2024

Nearly 50 years after the ground-breaking isolation of the primary Comptonia peregrina microsymbiont under axenic conditions, efforts to isolate a substantial number of Protofrankia and Frankia strains continue with enduring challenges and complexities. This study aimed to streamline genomic insights through comparative and predictive tools to extract traits crucial for isolating specific Frankia in axenic conditions. Pangenome analysis unveiled significant genetic diversity, suggesting untapped potential for cultivation strategies. Shared metabolic strategies in cellular components, central metabolic pathways, and resource acquisition traits offered promising avenues for cultivation. Ecological trait extraction indicated that most uncultured strains exhibit no apparent barriers to axenic growth. Despite ongoing challenges, potential caveats, and errors that could bias predictive analyses, this study provides a nuanced perspective. It highlights potential breakthroughs and guides refined cultivation strategies for these yet-uncultured strains. We advocate for tailored media formulations enriched with simple carbon sources in aerobic environments, with atmospheric nitrogen optionally sufficient to minimize contamination risks. Temperature adjustments should align with strain preferences—28–29°C for Frankia and 32–35°C for Protofrankia—while maintaining an alkaline pH. Given potential extended incubation periods (predicted doubling times ranging from 3.26 to 9.60 days, possibly up to 21.98 days), patience and rigorous contamination monitoring are crucial for optimizing cultivation conditions.
The potential linkage between sediment oxygen demand and microbes and its contribution to the dissolved oxygen depletion in the Gan River
Authors: Cheng Shoutao , Meng Fansheng , Wang Yeyao , Zhang Jiasheng , Zhang Lingsong
Published: July 2024

The role of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in causing dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion is widely acknowledged, with previous studies mainly focusing on chemical and biological SOD separately. However, the relationship between the putative functions of sediment microbes and SOD, and their impact on DO depletion in overlying water, remains unclear. In this study, DO depletion was observed in the downstream of the Gan River during the summer. Sediments were sampled from three downstream sites (YZ, Down1, and Down2) and one upstream site (CK) as a control. Aquatic physicochemical parameters and SOD levels were measured, and microbial functions were inferred from taxonomic genes through analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that DO depletion sites exhibited a higher SOD rate compared to CK. The microbial community structure was influenced by the spatial variation of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidota, with total organic carbon (TOC) content acting as a significant environmental driver. A negative correlation was observed between microbial diversity and DO concentration (p < 0.05). Aerobic microbes were more abundant in DO depletion sites, particularly Proteobacteria. Microbes involved in various biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon (methane oxidation, methanotrophs, and methylotrophs), nitrogen (nitrification and denitrification), sulfur (sulfide and sulfur compound oxidation), and manganese cycles (manganese oxidation), exhibited higher abundance in DO depletion sites, except for the iron cycle (iron oxidation). These processes were negatively correlated with DO concentration and positively with SOD (p < 0.05). Overall, the results highlight that aerobic bacteria’s metabolic processes consume oxygen, increasing the SOD rate and contributing to DO depletion in the overlying water. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of targeting the removal of in situ microbial molecular mechanisms associated with toxic H2S and CH4 to support reoxygenation efforts in rehabilitating DO depletion sites in the Gan River, aiding in identifying factors controlling DO consumption and offering practical value for the river’s restoration and management.
High concentrate diets altered the structure and function of rumen microbiome in goats
Authors: Mao Jinju , Wang Lizhi , Wang Zhisheng , Xue Bai , Peng Quanhui , Hu Rui , Xiao Jianxin
Published: July 2024

This study used metatranscriptomics to investigate the effects of concentrate diet level on rumen microbiome composition and function in goats. A total of 12 healthy 120-day-old Da’er goats were randomly allotted into two treatments: L group (low dietary concentrate level group, concentrate: forage ratio was 25: 75) and H group (high dietary concentrate level group, concentrate: forage ratio was 80: 20). The study included a 10-day pre-feeding period and a 60-day growth experiment. The results showed that compared with the L group, the average daily gain and the slaughter rate in the H group were increased, while the F/G was decreased; the concentration of lactate and ammonia nitrogen, and the proportion of butyrate and valerate in the rumen of the H group were increased, while the proportion of acetate, and the ratio of acetate to propionate were decreased (p < 0.05). Among rumen bacteria, compared with the L group, the H group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Fibrobacteria at the phylum level, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Fibrobacter, and Sarcina and increased the relative abundance of Clostridium at the genus level, and decreased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Sarcina sp. DSM 11001, Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1728, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and increased the relative abundance of Clostridium sp. ND2 and Firmicutes bacteria CAG: 103 at the species level (p < 0.05). Among rumen fungi, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Mortierella, Mortierella elongata, and Gonapodyna prolifera was lower in the H group than that in the L group (p < 0.05). Functional annotation results showed that the abundance of Glycoside hydrolases genes in rumen microbiome was significantly decreased in the H group compared to the L group (p < 0.05). The result of KEGG DEGs enrichment analysis showed that the gene expression of cellulose 1,4-β-cellobiosidase, acetyl-CoA hydrolase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, D-malate dehydrogenase and related genes in methane production pathways of rumen microbiome was decreased in the H group. In summary, feeding high concentrate diets improved the production performance of goats, altered the structure and composition of rumen microbiome and changed the function of rumen microbiome.
The Comparative Genome Dashboard
Authors: Paley Suzanne , Caspi Ron , O'Maille Paul , Karp Peter D.
Published: July 2024

The Comparative Genome Dashboard is a web-based software tool for interactive exploration of the similarities and differences in gene functions between organisms. It provides a high-level graphical survey of cellular functions, and enables the user to drill down to examine subsystems of interest in greater detail. At its highest level the Comparative Dashboard contains panels for cellular systems such as biosynthesis, energy metabolism, transport, and response to stimulus. Each panel contains a set of bar graphs that plot the numbers of compounds or gene products for each organism across a set of subsystems of that panel. Users can interactively drill down to focus on subsystems of interest and see grids of compounds produced or consumed by each organism, specific GO term assignments, pathway diagrams, and links to more detailed comparison pages. For example, the dashboard enables users to compare the cofactors that a set of organisms can synthesize, the metal ions that they are able to transport, their DNA damage repair capabilities, their biofilm-formation genes, and their viral response proteins. The dashboard enables users to quickly perform comprehensive comparisons at varying levels of detail.
Viral replication organelles: the highly complex and programmed replication machinery
Authors: Deng Hao , Cao Hongwei , Wang Yanjin , Li Jiaqi , Dai Jingwen , Li Lian-Feng , Qiu Hua-Ji , Li Su
Published: July 2024

Viral infections usually induce the rearrangement of cellular cytoskeletal proteins and organelle membrane structures, thus creating independent compartments [termed replication organelles (ROs)] to facilitate viral genome replication. Within the ROs, viral replicases, including polymerases, helicases, and ligases, play functional roles during viral replication. These viral replicases are pivotal in the virus life cycle, and numerous studies have demonstrated that the viral replicases could be the potential targets for drugs development. Here, we summarize primarily the key replicases within viral ROs and emphasize the advancements of antiviral drugs targeting crucial viral replicases, providing novel insights into the future development of antiviral strategies.
Exercise as a promising alternative for sciatic nerve injury pain relief: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Shunxin , Li Qin , Wang Huaiming , Zhang Hongwei , Zhao Qi , Su Jinjun , Zou Jiang , Feng Pengjiu , Zhang Aimin
Published: July 2024

Objective

The efficacy of drug therapies in managing neuropathic pain is constrained by their limited effectiveness and potential for adverse effects. In contrast, exercise has emerged as a promising alternative for pain relief. In this study, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the therapeutic impact of exercise on neuropathic pain resulting from sciatic nerve injury in rodent models.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were retrieved before April 2024. A series of studies regarding the effect of treadmill, swimming, wheel and other exercises on neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve injury in rats and mice were collected. Using predefined inclusion criteria, two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment utilizing SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 analysis software.

Results

A total of 12 relevant academic sources were included in the analysis of controlled animal studies, with 133 rodents in the exercise group and 135 rodents in the sedentary group. The meta-analysis revealed that exercise was associated with a significant increase in paw withdrawal mechanical threshold [Standard Mean Difference1 (SMD) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–1.40, p = 0.003] and paw withdrawal thermal latency (SMD = 1.54, 95%CI: 0.93–2.15, p < 0.0001) in rats and mice with sciatic nerve injury. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of exercise duration on heterogeneity. The results showed that postoperative exercise duration ≤3 weeks could significantly elevate paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.62–1.46, p < 0.00001). Postoperative exercise duration ≤4 weeks could significantly improve paw withdrawal thermal latency (SMD = 1.93, 95% CI:1.19–2.67, p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Exercise represents an effective method for improving mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity resulting from sciatic nerve injury in rodents. Factors such as pain models, the initiation of exercise, the type of exercise, and the species of rodent do not significantly impact the development of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. However, the duration of postoperative exercise plays a crucial role in the onset of exercise-induced hypoalgesia.
Exploring white matter dynamics and morphology through interactive numerical phantoms: the White Matter Generator
Authors: Winther Sidsel , Peulicke Oscar , Andersson Mariam , Kjer Hans M. , Bærentzen Jakob A. , Dyrby Tim B.
Published: July 2024

Brain white matter is a dynamic environment that continuously adapts and reorganizes in response to stimuli and pathological changes. Glial cells, especially, play a key role in tissue repair, inflammation modulation, and neural recovery. The movements of glial cells and changes in their concentrations can influence the surrounding axon morphology. We introduce the White Matter Generator (WMG) tool to enable the study of how axon morphology is influenced through such dynamical processes, and how this, in turn, influences the diffusion-weighted MRI signal. This is made possible by allowing interactive changes to the configuration of the phantom generation throughout the optimization process. The phantoms can consist of myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons, and cell clusters, separated by extra-cellular space. Due to morphological flexibility and computational advantages during the optimization, the tool uses ellipsoids as building blocks for all structures; chains of ellipsoids for axons, and individual ellipsoids for cell clusters. After optimization, the ellipsoid representation can be converted to a mesh representation which can be employed in Monte-Carlo diffusion simulations. This offers an effective method for evaluating tissue microstructure models for diffusion-weighted MRI in controlled bio-mimicking white matter environments. Hence, the WMG offers valuable insights into white matter's adaptive nature and implications for diffusion-weighted MRI microstructure models, and thereby holds the potential to advance clinical diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for various neurological disorders and injuries.
Functional evaluation of novel variants of B4GALNT1 in a patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia and the general population
Authors: Inamori Kei-ichiro , Nakamura Katsuya , Shishido Fumi , Hsu Jia-Chen , Nagafuku Masakazu , Nitta Takahiro , Ikeda Junji , Yoshimura Hidekane , Kodaira Minori , Tsuchida Naomi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Uemura Satoshi , Ohno Shiho , Manabe Noriyoshi , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Togayachi Akira , Aoki-Kinoshita Kiyoko F. , Nishihara Shoko , Furukawa Jun-ichi , Kaname Tadashi , Nakamura Masahiko , Shimohata Takayoshi , Tadaka Shu , Shirota Matsuyuki , Kinoshita Kengo , Nakamura Yutaka , Ohno Isao , Sekijima Yoshiki , Inokuchi Jin-ichi
Published: July 2024

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that are characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness in the lower limbs. SPG26 is a complicated form of HSP, which includes not only weakness in the lower limbs, but also cognitive impairment, developmental delay, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and peripheral neuropathy, and is caused by biallelic mutations in the B4GALNT1 (beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1) gene. The B4GALNT1 gene encodes ganglioside GM2/GD2 synthase (GM2S), which catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to lactosylceramide, GM3, and GD3 to generate GA2, GM2, and GD2, respectively. The present study attempted to characterize a novel B4GALNT1 variant (NM_001478.5:c.937G>A p.Asp313Asn) detected in a patient with progressive multi-system neurodegeneration as well as deleterious variants found in the general population in Japan. Peripheral blood T cells from our patient lacked the ability for activation-induced ganglioside expression assessed by cell surface cholera toxin binding. Structural predictions suggested that the amino acid substitution, p.Asp313Asn, impaired binding to the donor substrate UDP-GalNAc. An in vitro enzyme assay demonstrated that the variant protein did not exhibit GM2S activity, leading to the diagnosis of HSP26. This is the first case diagnosed with SPG26 in Japan. We then extracted 10 novel missense variants of B4GALNT1 from the whole-genome reference panel jMorp (8.3KJPN) of the Tohoku medical megabank organization, which were predicted to be deleterious by Polyphen-2 and SIFT programs. We performed a functional evaluation of these variants and demonstrated that many showed perturbed subcellular localization. Five of these variants exhibited no or significantly decreased GM2S activity with less than 10% activity of the wild-type protein, indicating that they are carrier variants for HSP26. These results provide the basis for molecular analyses of B4GALNT1 variants present in the Japanese population and will help improve the molecular diagnosis of patients suspected of having HSP.
Mechanism and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage focus on mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Authors: Cong Jing , Li Jing-Yi , Zou Wei
Published: July 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and a poor prognosis. Despite various treatment methods, there has been limited improvement in the prognosis of ICH over the past decades. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a feasible treatment strategy for ICH. Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells and serve as the primary sites for aerobic respiration and energy production. Under unfavorable cellular conditions, mitochondria can induce changes in permeability through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributing to various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that mPTP plays a role in the pathological processes associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injury, among others. However, there is limited research on mPTP involvement specifically in ICH. Therefore, this study comprehensively examines the pathological processes associated with mPTP in terms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and other related mechanisms to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying mPTP involvement in ICH. This research aims to provide novel insights for the treatment of secondary injury after ICH.