bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Is There Toleration in Islam?” Reframing a Post-Islamist Question in a Post-Secular Context
Authors: Mohammad Mahdi Mojahedi
Published: December 2016

This article presents a critical appraisal of the post-Islamist position in the discourse on toleration in Islam. It starts with a critical overview of post-Islamism and its position on pluralism and toleration. Contextualising the post-Islamist discourse on toleration in the broader context of post-secular critique of modernity and theoretical debates on pluralist toleration, as opposed to monist (or hegemonic) toleration, post-Islamism will be criticised here for its missing the pluralist point of toleration, consequently confusing it with monist and hegemonic toleration, as well as its extreme submission to culturalism in understanding the dynamics of political transformation, and its unconditional confidence in “the secularization thesis” or “the secularization theory.”
Suporte social parental e prevenção na primeira infância em contextos de adversidade: A perspetiva de profissionais de educação de infância e saúde mental no Brasil
Authors: Novaes Marcelly De Brito , Gaspar Maria Filomena
Published: December 2016

Este estudo, qualitativo e exploratório, tem como objetivo conhecer as perceções de profissionais que trabalham em creche e em serviços de saúde mental para a infância (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para a Infância – CAPSi) sobre as suas funções de suporte social parental em contextos de adversidade. Ambiciona, simultaneamente, identificar asrepresentações sobre parentalidade subjacentes a essas perceções.As instituições participantes servem famílias moradoras em favelas ou em condições de adversidade na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante durante nove semanas. Foram entrevistados 17 profissionaiscuidadores de crianças, sendo seis na creche e 11 no CAPSi. Dificuldades na intervenção são atribuídas, pelos profissionais, ao contexto socioeconómico das famílias. Atitudes parentais negativas e coercitivas são normalizadas pelos profissionais no âmbito da cultura brasileira. Conclui-se pela necessidade de suporte social ao profissional de suportesocial parental formal à família em condição de adversidade socioeconómica no Brasil.
Hacia una interpretación comprensiva de Sor Juana. Tres loas y la cifra del mundo
Authors: Cortijo Ocaña Antonio
Published: December 2016

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz dedica gran parte de su obra al desciframiento del aparente laberinto de la realidad. Como intelectual, se imagina a sí misma como una segunda Proba, en sus funciones de intérprete, traductora y transmisora que, como Atanasio Kircher, ha de establecer correspondencias y similitudes. En Sor Juana América se convierte en tema de análisis y estudio, como puede apreciarse en particular en su Neptuno alegórico y en las loas a sus tres autos sacramentales: El divino Narciso, El cetro de José y El mártir del Sacramento.
Las posibilidades de la loa novohispana dieciochesca a través de la Relación peregrina del agua
Authors: Hernández Reyes Dalia
Published: December 2016

Este artículo estudia un conjunto de seis loas representadas en carros triunfales como parte de la fiesta llevada a cabo en Querétaro en 1738, con motivo de la inauguración de su acueducto. Aunque la historiografía y la crítica de la literatura novohispana no suelen considerar este tipo de textos, se pretende demostrar que las loas escritas para carro triunfal constituyen una de las modalidades del género dramático breve loa, cercano por sus características formales y escénicas a la loa cortesana, pero con una marcada función ecfrástico-explicativa del aparato efímero que le sirve al mismo tiempo de referente alegórico y de marco físico de representación. Por otra parte, por la notable presencia de la música, el canto y el estilo recitativo, representan una muestra del proceso de musicalización al modo italiano de este género en la praxis novohispana.
Racionalidad y justicia en el Entremés del Justicia y litigantes, de fray Francisco del Castillo
Authors: Hopkins Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: December 2016

Análisis de los elementos satíricos en el Entremés del Justicia y litigantes, de fray Francisco del Castillo, relacionándolos con el tema de la justicia.
Algunos comentarios a las ediciones de los Coloquios espirituales y sacramentales de Fernán González de Eslava
Authors: Rodilla León María José
Published: December 2016

El propósito de este ensayo es enriquecer las anotaciones de las ediciones de Coloquios espirituales y sacramentales de uno de los más importantes dramaturgos de la Nueva España, Fernán González de Eslava, situando la obra en su contexto histórico para reconstruir la historia y las costumbres de la época virreinal: las guerras, epidemias, prejuicios, prohibiciones, la Ciudad y sus fiestas, etc. Algunos de los aspectos comentados son: los obrajes, los caballos y carrozas en la Ciudad, las alcabalas, la guerra contra los Chichimecas, los naipes y la prohibición de la seda.
Técnicas y estrategias para desarrollar el turismo experiencial en humedales
Authors: Viñals Blasco María José , Alonso-Monasterio Pau
Published: December 2016

Se han llevado a cabo numerosos esfuerzos en materia de Comunicación, Educación, Concienciación y Participación (CECoP) desde diversas administraciones y organizaciones conservacionistas en relación a la conservación de los humedales, pero los resultados han sido discretos si se comparan con los obtenidos en otros ecosistemas. Los humedales no gozan todavía del aprecio de la mayoría del público generalista, aunque son destinos habituales para ecoturistas especializados (p.e. observadores de aves).Este trabajo identifica y analiza, por una parte, las causas de esta situación como son la complejidad de evidenciar los atractivos naturales de los humedales y la existencia de una percepción negativa de estos ecosistemas entre ciertos sectores del público.Por otro lado, se presentan estrategias para abordar estas cuestiones y establecer una conexión más personal entre el público y los recursos que facilite el desarrollo de emociones en los visitantes. Así, se propone: un conocimiento en profundidad de los diferentes públicos, la identificación de nuevos iconos interpretativos, la puesta en valor del patrimonio intangible de los humedales, entre otros. Se describen también técnicas para reforzar la percepción sensorial de los visitantes in situ, ya que de ello depende, en gran medida, la satisfacción de la experiencia que, a su vez, está en la base de futuras actitudes y comportamientos proactivos de los visitantes en relación a la conservación, salvaguarda y disfrute de los humedales.
El enoturismo de Baja California, México: un análisis de su oferta y comparación con la región vitivinícola de La Rioja, España.
Authors: Meraz Ruiz Lino , Ruiz Vega Agustín V.
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio posdoctoral durante el primer año, cuyo objetivo fue analizar el modelo de enoturismo y desarrollo territorial de La Rioja, en España, para su comparación con el Estado de Baja California, México, de tal forma que se permita conocer el potencial real de crecimiento mediante el comportamiento de oferta del enoturismo. La metodología estuvo compuesta en una primera etapa en donde se desarrolló e identificó el modelo de enoturismo de las zonas vitivinícolas de Baja California, se caracterizó una muestra representativa de empresas vinícolas del Valle de Guadalupe, y se registró una base datos completa de empresas que ofertan enoturismo en los valles vitivinícolas de Baja California. Los primeros resultados indican que el modelo de enoturismo se conjuga en la oferta de productos y servicios de vinícolas, hoteles y restaurantes de cuatro rutas del vino, conformada por 95 vinícolas, 27 hoteles y 50 restaurantes. Siendo la muestra conformada por el 59.4% de tamaño micro, 18.8% pequeñas y 10.9% medianas. Cumpliéndose satisfactoriamente con el objetivo de la primera etapa de la investigación.
Considering a possible future for Digital Journalism
Authors: Deuze Mark
Published: December 2016

Developments shaping digital journalism seem to speeding up at the start of the 21st century. Social media enable radical new ways to gather and verify sources and information. Hardware and software power innovative storytelling formats, combining platforms and channels, adding interactivity to the news experience. And the global news industry is quickly becoming a networked industry, with startups and other forms of entrepreneurial journalism springing up all over the world. In this essay, I consider a possible future for digital journalism by briefly reviewing first findings from a series of case studies of 21 new small-sized journalism enterprises operating in 11 countries (spread across 5 continents). The overarching research question: seen through their eyes, what does the future of (digital) journalism look like? The answers are hopeful.
Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE) Castilla y León. Evolución de centro territorial a corresponsalía informativa
Authors: Pérez-Ruiz Marta
Published: December 2016

La aplicación del Expediente de Regulación de Empleo (ERE) de RTVE al centro territorial de Castilla y León supuso una reducción muy importante de su producción, sobre todo, porque esta delegación había contado los años anteriores con un programación ampliada gracias a un convenio suscrito entre la Junta de Castilla y León y RTVE. Este Centro dejó de realizar esos programas y se dedicó al trabajo para los informativos regionales y los encargos para la emisión nacional. Desde el año 2005 esta delegación ha pasado de ser un centro territorial a una corresponsalía para TVE aunque con producción regional limitada a poco menos de cuarenta minutos diarios.
Los nuevos perfiles profesionales del periodista desde la perspectiva académica española
Authors: Gómez-Calderón Bernardo José , Roses Sergio , García-Borrego Manuel
Published: December 2016

El artículo explora el punto de vista de los docentes universitarios españoles sobre los perfiles profesionales que cobrarán mayor protagonismo en el periodismo de los próximos años. Para el trabajo de campo se seleccionó a un grupo de 24 académicos con competencia temática, a los que se les suministró un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas. El estudio refleja una opción de futuro mayoritaria, la del periodista digital con un alto conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías y especialista en redes sociales, periodismo de datos y nuevas narrativas para soportes multimedia. Por lo que se refiere a la formación, son varios los aspectos enfatizados por los expertos que sería conveniente potenciar en los planes de estudio, como los relativos a creación y gestión de contenidos digitales y dominio de las nuevas tecnologías.
Figuras profesionales emergentes de radio y televisión en la era de la hipermedialidad
Authors: Luzón-Fernández Virginia , Gómez-González Angel-Custodio , Cervantes-Urbieta Rosa
Published: December 2016

La hibridación en los géneros –radiofónicos y televisivos- es una realidad, todos han tenido que adaptarse a las audiencias y, de la misma manera, lo han hecho los profesionales responsables de su producción, incluso en los formatos más tradicionales. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar cómo lo han hecho, cómo han evolucionado sus roles, sus rutinas y sus responsabilidades. Para ello, hemos analizado una muestra del formato quiz show en televisión y del magazine en radio, utilizando una metodología exploratoria descriptiva y analítica de carácter cualitativo, con la técnica del estudio de casos sobre una muestra representativa de periodistas que trabajan en distintos programas en antena. Del análisis de los datos hemos obtenido resultados originales, como, por ejemplo, que de la evolución de las rutinas profesionales surge la figura del “guioredactor” y dado respuesta a todas las preguntas de investigación que nos planteamos.
APRENDIZAGEM E DECISÃO ESTRATÉGICA REALIZADAS POR EQUIPES DE DIREÇÃO EM PEQUENAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Maia Tatiane Silva Tavares , Lima Edmilson
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo gerar conhecimentos sobre como e por que ocorre a aprendizagem em apoio ao processo de decisão estratégica em equipes de direção de pequenas empresas (PE). Para tanto, o processo foi estudado detalhadamente em quatro PEs. A abordagem metodológica é descritiva, baseada em métodos qualitativos e no estudo multicaso. Os dados foram coletados principalmente com entrevistas em profundidade e gradativamente analisados com procedimentos de análise intra e intercaso, conforme as recomendações de Miles e Huberman (1994). Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento dos codirigentes no processo de decisão estratégica combina mais com a aprendizagem do que com procedimentos de análise de projeções numéricas ou de cenários futuros, por exemplo. A descrição sobre como os processos de decisão estratégica ocorreram nas PEs é bem diferente dos modelos identificados na literatura. Uma característica de destaque é que se mostraram bem simples, mais baseados em diálogos ocorridos nas equipes de direção, até mesmo informais, do que em análises racionais muito elaboradas.
Pequenos e bem pequenos no centro das discussões curriculares: as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil e seus desdobramentos
Authors: Ciardella Thais Monteiro
Published: December 2016

O texto apresenta um breve mapeamento de documentos de produção central que caracterizam o contexto de publicação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil em 1999, seu texto revisado em 2009 e alguns de seus desdobramentos, como o texto proposto pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular para a Educação Infantil, revisado em 2016. Valorizando legislação e pesquisas da área, temos como objetivo fortalecer as discussões sobre um currículo na Educação Infantil organizado em “campos de experiência”.
Autoavaliação na Educação Infantil: O desafio da construção compartilhada da qualidade
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna
Published: December 2016

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a experiência de autoavaliação realizada em quatro unidades de Educação Infantil da cidade de São Paulo, utilizando a metodologia proposta no documento Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantil, publicado pelo Ministério da Educação em 2009. O texto parte da discussão sobre qualidade e apresenta os dados da experiência analisada, de forma a elucidar o potencial e os desafios da construção compartilhada da qualidade por meio da autoavaliação proposta pelo documento, chamando atenção para o fato de que não basta “fazer parte” para “tomar parte”, conforme já apontado por Bordenave (1994) e para os aspectos necessários para a construção e consolidação de uma cultura da autovaliação participativa na Educação Infantil.
Post-operative insulin resistance
Authors: Tarasova Irina Aleksandrovna , Shestakov Alexey Leonidovich , Nikoda Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: December 2016

Post-operative insulin resistance (IR) is a recognised marker of surgical stress. However, the reasons underlying post-operative IR and its clinical value are still unclear. IR has been described as a pathological condition, in which organs and tissues fail to respond to the hormone insulin, resulting in acute hyperglycaemia. Post-operative IR in patients without type 2 diabetes has been identified as an independent, negative predictor of post-operative outcome. Studies have shown a direct relationship between post-operative morbidity (including complications from infection) and total mortality in patients with acute hyperglycaemia compared with diabetic patients. IR and stress-induced hyperglycaemia in the early post-operative period may be corrected by insulin infusion; however, this has often been associated with hypoglycaemia. Detection and modification of risk factors in the pre- and intra-operative periods may decrease the frequency of IR and hyperglycaemia and eliminate the use of insulin. In this literature review, the mechanisms underlying the development and prevention of post-operative IR, and its clinical value are discussed. This study demonstrates the relationship between IR and post-operative morbidity, highlighting the benefits of a complex approach to prevent the adverse events of post-operative IR and stress-induced hyperglycaemia.
Predictors and diagnosis of cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Popov Kirill A. , Tokmakova Alla Y. , Bondarenko Irina Z.
Published: December 2016

Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a diabetic complication characterised by early dissemination of sympathetic and parasympathetic, small-fibre neuronal degeneration. DCAN is the most dangerous and insidious complication that influences the clinical course and mortality rate of diabetes; however, it is often underestimated and not recognised by practitioners. Medical history and a physical examination are not sufficient for diagnosing DCAN. Laboratory diagnosis and the instrumental methods used to evaluate DCAN are time-consuming and not always available. Early detection of DCAN in diabetic patients is important for the early implementation of therapy. Today, there is no uniform diagnostic algorithm for DCAN in patients with various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. This is due to the insufficient number of clinical trials and limitations of current protocols.
This review presents an overview of the clinical and experimental studies of DCAN. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors and underlying pathogenesis of DCAN are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional and new diagnostic methods are discussed.
Medpoklicno izobraževanje zaposlenih v nujni medicinski pomoči
Authors: Železnjak Vladka , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: December 2016

Uvod: Izobraževalni sistem za delo v zdravstvenem timu nujne medicinske pomoči v Sloveniji ima pomanjkljivosti in potrebuje spremembe. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vsebine teoretičnih znanj in praktičnih veščin, za katere bi se morali izobraževati in usposabljati člani vseh poklicnih skupin tako v času šolanja kot v času opravljanja dela v nujni medicinski pomoči.

Metode: Uporabljena je bila triangulacija metod; kvalitativna metoda z uporabo delno strukturiranega intervjuja kot tehnike zbiranja podatkov med 30 zaposlenimi v timu nujne medicinske pomoči ter metoda delfi za ugotavljanje in usklajevanje mnenj o predlaganih ukrepih v sedmih vsebinskih sklopih pri 27 respondentih, razdeljenih v tri skupine: zaposleni v enotah nujne medicinske pomoči, vodje enot nujne medicinske pomoči, oblikovalci zdravstvene politike. Metoda delfi je bila izvedena v dveh krogih.

Rezultati: Sodelujoči v raziskavi so mnenja, da je v času šolanja pridobljenega premalo znanja in veščin za delo v nujni medicinski pomoči. Menijo, da bi bil s spremembo izobraževalnega sistema ter uvedbo medpoklicnega izobraževanja tako v času šolanja kot v času zaposlitve sistem izvajanja nujnih ukrepov učinkovitejši.

Diskusija in zaključek: Strokovnjaki s področja nujne medicinske pomoči predlagajo dobre prakse drugih organizacijskih in izobraževalnih modelov, tj. skupno izvajanje kliničnih vaj iz urgentne medicine in medpoklicno izobraževanje s simulacijskimi scenariji za vse poklicne skupine, sodelujoče v enotah nujne medicinske pomoči.
Investigation of variations in terms of decision making and trait anxiety level of football referees
Futbol hakemlerinin karar verme ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi
Authors: Yalçın İlimdar , Soyer Fikret , Ramazanoğlu Fikret , Aksu Atakan
Published: December 2016

This study has been done in the purpose of investigation the decision making and trait anxiety level of football referees under some variations.Study has been applied to 72 football referees out of 89 (%80.8), regional and national referees, whom work from East and South Easter Anatolian region in 8th and 13th sections.In the study, Mann et al. (1998), “Melbourne Decision Making Scale” adapted by Deniz (2004) and Turkish “Trait Anxiety Inventory” adapted by Türker, Öner and Le Compte (1983) developed by Spielberger and friends. SPSS 22 package program was used to analyze the data obtained in the study and the level of significance was taken as p <0.05. T-test and One-Way Anova were used in the study.As the result of the analysis, in decision making process, the education of self-respect and high attention favors the referees. Those whom has worked more, thus have more experience, tend to have a higher level of decision making. It has been determined that as the age progresses at the level of trait anxiety, there is a regular decrease in trait anxiety level. It has been determined that the level of trait anxiety of the referees who have graduate education level is lower than that of the referees who have undergraduate and graduate degrees. ÖzetBu çalışma, bölgesel ve ulusal futbol hakemlerin karar verme ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelemesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Araştırma, Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde 8. ve 13. Bölge’de bulunan bölgesel ve ulusal futbol hakemi olan toplam 89 hakemden 72 (% 80,8) hakeme uygulanmıştır.Çalışmada, Mann ve Ark. (1998) tarafından geliştirilmiş olup, Deniz (2004) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan ''Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği'' ve Spielberger ve arkadaşları (1970) tarafından geliştirilen Öner ve Le Compte (1983) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan ''Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri'' kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verileri analiz etmek için SPSS 22 paket programı kullanılmış olup anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Çalışmada t testi ve One -Way Anova kullanılmıştır.Çalışma sonucunda, Karar vermede özsaygı ve dikkatli karar verme düzeylerinde eğitim düzeyi üst seviyede olmasının hakemler lehine önemli bir faktör olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hakemlik yılı fazla olan futbol hakemlerinin dikkatli karar verme düzeyinin yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sürekli kaygı düzeyinde yaş ilerledikçe sürekli kaygı düzeyinde de düzenli bir düşüşün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Eğitimi düzeyi yüksek lisans olan hakemlerin sürekli kaygı düzeyi eğitim durumu ön lisans ve lisans olan hakemlere göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The relationship between schools' DNA profiles and political behavior in school
Okulların DNA profili ile okul içi politik davranışlar arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Bozkurt Bostancı Aynur , Akçadağ Tuncay , Kahraman Ümit , Tosun Ali
Published: December 2016

This research was conducted to determine the relationship between schools' DNA profiles and school political behavior, according to teacher opinions. The research is in the relational screening model. The universe of the research is formed by the teachers working in Usak-Turkey. The sample of the research is composed of 361 primary, secondary and high school teachers working in Usak. Sampling was made easy to reach in the research. According to the results of the research, teachers generally view the organization DNA profile of schools as a flexible organization type. Schools carry the characteristics of healthy organizational types at moderate level and those of unhealthy organizational type at low level. Teachers, however, have never met the political behavior of the upper management within the school to try to get involved and to look for mutual benefit. They have rarely seen their behavior like acting as a coercive, trying to get into the eye and forming a coalition. Again in the research, according to the opinions of the teachers, it was revealed that there is a relationship between the School's DNA profiles and the school's political behavior. There was a negative correlation between the types of school healthy organizations and political behavior, while there was a positive moderate relationship between the types of unhealthy organizations and the appearance of political behavior. ÖzetBu araştırma öğretmen görüşlerine göre, okulların DNA profili ile okul içi politik davranışlar arasında ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evrenini Uşak’ta görev yapan öğretmenler, örneklemi ise 361 ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluna gidilmiştir.  Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğretmenler okulların örgüt DNA’sı profilini esnek örgüt tipinde görmektedirler. Okullar sağlıklı örgüt tiplerinin özelliklerini orta düzeyde, sağlıksız örgüt tipi özelliklerini ise az düzeyinde taşımaktadırlar. Bunun yanında öğretmenler,  okul içerisinde üst yönetime yaranmaya çalışmak ve karşılıklı çıkar gözetmek boyutlarındaki politik davranışlara okul içinde hiçbir zaman rastlamadıklarını, tavizci davranmak, göze girmeye çalışmak ve koalisyon kurmak gibi davranışları ise nadiren düzeyinde gördüklerini belirtmişlerdir. Yine araştırmada öğretmen görüşlerine göre, Okul DNA profilleri ile politik davranışlar arasında ilişki bulunduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Okulda sağlıklı örgüt tipleri ile politik davranışları arasında negatif yönlü düşük dereceli bir ilişki bulunurken, sağlıksız örgüt tipleri ile politik davranışların görülme durumu arasında pozitif yönlü orta dereceli bir ilişkiye rastlanmıştır.
A novel diffusion‐tensor MRI approach for skeletal muscle fascicle length measurements
Authors: Oudeman Jos , Mazzoli Valentina , Marra Marco A. , Nicolay Klaas , Maas Mario , Verdonschot Nico , Sprengers Andre M. , Nederveen Aart J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Froeling Martijn
Published: December 2016

Musculoskeletal (dys‐)function relies for a large part on muscle architecture which can be obtained using Diffusion‐Tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) and fiber tractography. However, reconstructed tracts often continue along the tendon or aponeurosis when using conventional methods, thus overestimating fascicle lengths. In this study, we propose a new method for semiautomatic segmentation of tendinous tissue using tract density (TD). We investigated the feasibility and repeatability of this method to quantify the mean fascicle length per muscle. Additionally, we examined whether the method facilitates measuring changes in fascicle length of lower leg muscles with different foot positions. Five healthy subjects underwent two DT‐MRI scans of the right lower leg, with the foot in 15° dorsiflexion, neutral, and 30° plantarflexion positions. Repeatability of fascicle length measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Changes in fascicle lengths between the foot positions were tested using a repeated multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement between repeated measurements. The coefficients of variation in neutral position were 8.3, 16.7, 11.2, and 10.4% for soleus (SOL), fibularis longus (FL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and tibialis anterior (TA), respectively. The plantarflexors (SOL and FL) showed significant increase in fascicle length from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion, whereas the dorsiflexors (EDL and TA) exhibited a significant decrease. The use of a tract density for semiautomatic segmentation of tendinous structures provides more accurate estimates of the mean fascicle length than traditional fiber tractography methods. The method shows moderate to good repeatability and allows for quantification of changes in fascicle lengths due to passive stretch.
The portal‐drained viscera release fibroblast growth factor 19 in humans
Authors: Koelfat Kiran V. K. , Bloemen Johanne G. , Jansen Peter L. M. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Schaap Frank G. , Olde Damink Steven W. M.
Published: December 2016

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an ileum‐derived endrocrine factor that is produced in response to transepithelial bile salt flux. FGF19 represses bile salt synthesis in the liver. Despite the general assumption that FGF19 signals to the liver via portal blood, no human data are available to support this notion. The aim was to study portal FGF19 levels, and determined bile salt and FGF19 fluxes across visceral organs in humans. Bile salt and FGF19 levels were assessed in arterial, portal, and hepatic venous blood collected from fasted patients who underwent partial liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (n = 30). Fluxes across the portal‐drained viscera (PDV), liver, and splanchnic area were calculated. Portal bile salt levels (7.8 [5.0–12.4] μmol/L) were higher than levels in arterial (2.7 [1.7–5.5] μmol/L, P < 0.0001) and hepatic venous blood (3.4 [2.5–6.5] μmol/L, P < 0.0001). Bile salts released by the PDV (+1.2 [+0.7–+2.0] mmol kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001) were largely taken up by the liver (−1.0 [−1.8 to −0.4] mmol kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001). Portal levels of FGF19 (161 ± 78 pg/mL) were higher than arterial levels (135 ± 65 pg/mL, P = 0.046). A net release of FGF19 by the PDV (+4.0 [+2.1 to +9.9] ng kg−1 h−1, P < 0.0001) was calculated. There was no significant flux of FGF19 across the liver (−0.2 [−3.7 to +7.4] ng kg−1 h−1, P = 0.93). In conclusion, FGF19 levels in human portal blood are higher than in arterial blood. FGF19 is released by the portal‐drained viscera under fasted steady state conditions.
Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A
Authors: Tatsumi Kohei , Antoniak Silvio , Subramaniam Saravanan , Gondouin Bertrand , Neidich Scott D. , Beck Melinda A. , Mickelson Jacqueline , Monroe Dougald M. , Bastarache Julie A. , Mackman Nigel
Published: December 2016

Influenza A virus infection is a common respiratory tract infection. Alveolar hemorrhage has been reported in patients with influenza pneumonia and in mice infected with influenza A. In this study, we investigated the effect of two anticoagulants on alveolar hemorrhage after influenza A virus (IAV) infection of wild‐type mice. Wild‐type mice were anticoagulated with either warfarin or the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate and then infected with a mouse‐adapted influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1). Alveolar hemorrhage was assessed by measuring hemoglobin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We also measured vascular permeability and viral genomes in the lung, as well as white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, and protein in BALF. Survival and body weight were monitored for 14 days after influenza A infection. In infected mice receiving either warfarin or dabigatran etexilate we observed decreased activation of coagulation in the BALF and increased alveolar hemorrhage. Warfarin but not dabigatran etexilate increased vascular permeability and mortality of influenza A‐infected mice. Anticoagulation did not affect levels of influenza A genomes, white blood cells, inflammatory mediators, or protein in the BALF. Our study indicates that systemic anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in influenza A‐infected mice.
A General Framework for and New Normalization of Attributable Proportion
Authors: Hössjer Ola , Kockum Ingrid , Alfredsson Lars , Hedström Anna Karin , Olsson Tomas , Lekman Magnus
Published: December 2016

A unified theory is developed for attributable proportion (AP) and population attributable fraction (PAF) of joint effects, marginal effects or interaction among factors. We use a novel normalization with a range between –1 and 1 that gives the traditional definitions of AP or PAF when positive, but is different when they are negative. We also allow for an arbitrary number of factors, both those of primary interest and confounders, and quantify interaction as departure from a given model, such as a multiplicative, additive odds or disjunctive one. In particular, this makes it possible to compare different types of threeway or higher order interactions. Effect parameters are estimated on a linear or logit scale in order to find point estimates and confidence intervals for the various versions of AP and PAF, for prospective or retrospective studies. We investigate the accuracy of three confidence intervals; two of which use the delta method and a third bootstrapped interval. It is found that the delta method with logit type transformations, and the bootstrap, perform well for a wide range of models. The methodology is also applied to a multiple sclerosis (MS) data set, with smoking and two genetic variables as risk factors.
Endothermic Properties of Modified Expanded
Graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) Composite
Materials for Heat Storage
Authors: Zheng Maosheng , Lu Liting , Sun Shimin , Hu Jun , Teng Haipeng
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the preparation and the test of the
endothermic properties of modified expanded graphitebased
CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) composite materials are reported,
which is promised to be used for heat storage. Coprecipitation
method is employed to prepare the modified
expanded graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x+y) composite materials
for heat storage. Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in water first,
and a certain amount of ZnO is added into the Ca(OH)2 solution
to get a milky suspension; thereafter the modified
expanded graphite is immersed into the milky suspension
to prepare the composite materials by way of physical adsorption.
Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetric
analyzer is used to analyze the endothermic properties of
the material. The results show that the endothermic enthalpy
of the composite material is about 1000 J/g with
lower decomposition temperature.
Contributions of linguistic typology to psycholinguistics
Authors: Clahsen Harald
Published: December 2016

This article first outlines different ways of how psycholinguists have dealt with linguistic diversity and illustrates these approaches with three familiar cases from research on language processing, language acquisition, and language disorders. The second part focuses on the role of morphology and morphological variability across languages for psycholinguistic research. The specific phenomena to be examined are to do with stem-formation morphology and inflectional classes; they illustrate how experimental research that is informed by linguistic typology can lead to new insights.
Carbon Nanostructures Produced by Liquid Phase
Exfoliation of Graphite in the Presence of Small
Organic Molecules
Authors: Tapia Jesús I. , Quintana Mildred
Published: December 2016

We report on the formation of different carbon
nanostructures by ultrasonication of graphite in DMF
upon the addition of 3 different small molecules: ferrocene
carboxylic acid, dimethylamino methyl-ferrocene,
and benzyl aldehyde. Our results confirm that acoustic
cavitation in organic solvents generates free radicals
which enable or are involved in secondary reactions.
During the ultrasonication process, the addition of
small molecules induces the formation of different carbon
nanostructures mainly depending on the chemical nature
of the molecule, as observed by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). Raman spectroscopy analysis confirms
that small molecules act as radical scavengers reducing
the damage caused by cavitation to graphene sheets producing
long nanoribbons, squared sheets, or carbon nanoscrolls.
Importantly, this strategy allows the production
of different carbon nanostructures in liquid-phase making
them readily available for their chemical functionalization
or for their incorporation into hybrids materials enabling
the development of new advanced biological applications.
The potential of porous silicon particles for
multi-epitopic vaccine development
Authors: Navarro-Tovar G. , Wong-Arce A. , Campos-Portillo M. , Palestino G. , Rosales-Mendoza S.
Published: December 2016

Vaccination is a crucial approach to eradicate
and control amyriad of infectious and non-communicable
diseases. Subunit vaccines are considered the most convenient
approach for vaccine formulation; however, the
development of new adjuvants and vaccine delivery vehicles
to improve the immunogenicity of such formulations
is needed. The authors of this review describe the recent
application of porous silicon particles (PSiP) as both a potential
vaccine delivery vehicle and adjuvant. PSiP are attractive
for this application due to its safety, biodegradability
and compatibility for functionalization. Herein, the
development of multi-epitope cancer vaccines is discussed
as an example on how PSiP are promising materials for the
development of innovative vaccines.
Effects of ZnO crystals synthesized in presence of CMI biopolymer on PHBV properties
Authors: Bekat Tugce , Oner Mualla
Published: December 2016

Rod-shaped ZnO crystals were synthesized by chemical precipitation method from aqueous solution. Carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) was used as an additive in ZnO synthesis reaction, and particles with differing sizes and structures were obtained. CMI hindered crystal growth in the length axis of the rods, while growth on the lateral axis was not suppressed. ZnO crystals synthesized with varying CMI concentrations were incorporated into PHBV (3-polyhydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix and the effect of the particles on thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer were investigated. Considerably good particle dispersion was obtained in the polymer matrix by melt-extrusion method. ZnO particles did not seem to affect main crystal structure, melting temperature and crystallization temperature of PHBV, whereas they had a retarding effect on crystallization. The addition of ZnO particles into PHBV increased elongation at break and toughness values, along with the decrease in the degree of crystallinity. Tensile strength was also increased without a significant change on the stiffness. Thermal degradation temperatures were observed to slightly decrease with ZnO addition compared to neat PHB; however, degradation peak temperature was still considerably above the melting temperature of the polymer.
Zwischen Vertrauen und Ausgrenzung
Authors: Winands Martin , Grau Andreas , Zick Andreas
Published: December 2016

Die vorliegende qualitative Fallanalyse befasst sich mit dem Einstieg junger Menschen in die Szene der sogenannten Ultras und dessen Bedingungsfaktoren. Dazu wurden zwei problemzentrierte Interviews mit einer weiblichen Anwärterin und einem männlichen Anwärter auf eine Mitgliedschaft in einer Ultra-Gruppe geführt. Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, wie die AspirantInnen den Einstieg bewältigen und welche Bedeutung der Kategorie des Geschlechts zukommt. Dabei werden die je subjektiven Erwartungen, Prozesse, Bedeutungsgehalte und Konflikte analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass trotz einiger Parallelen die Einstiegsprozesse sehr unterschiedlich verlaufen. Dabei kommt insbesondere den Kategorien des Geschlechts, des Beziehungsstandes sowie des Alters zentrale Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag erweitert damit die Forschung über Fußballfangruppen um den wichtigen Prozess des Szenezugangs.
Simone de Beauvoir y Martín Heidegger a propósito del humanismo
Authors: Abellón Pamela Celeste
Published: December 2016

El objetivo general del presente trabajo es analizar de modo comparativo las concepciones de Beauvoir y Heidegger sobre el humanismo. Intentamos demostrar que sus ideas al respecto son contrapuestas no sólo porque ambos se oponen al humanismo por motivos disímiles, sino también y fundamentalmente porque entienden de manera diferente la tesis según la cual la esencia del hombre (homme)/“ser-ahí” (Dasein) reside en su existencia.
Ernst Cassirer: una fenomenología del autoconocimiento en el marco de la tensión vivencial y espiritual
Authors: Esparza Urzúa Gustavo Adolfo
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se reflexiona el proceso de construcción del autoconocimiento propuesto por Ernst Cassirer. El objetivo es identificar la tensión entre la vida y espíritu como su antítesis básica y a las mediaciones simbólicas (mito, lenguaje y ciencia) como el recurso cultural que posibilita la formación de un autoconcepto. A través de una revisión crítica de la Philosophie der symbolischen Formen y An Essay on Man, se sostendrá que, i) el autoconocimiento es un proyecto tríadico que integra cada fase previa, ii) que requiere una investigación funcional de la obra y cultura humana para iii) sostener una tensión que distingue sin separar al agente como ser vivo y su autoconocimiento como un producto espiritual.
La lingua characteristica: el proyecto lógico de Gottlob Frege
Authors: Bejarano Angela Rocio
Published: December 2016

Para Frege las relaciones lógicas se dan entre contenidos judicables, entre pensamientos. Aquellas relaciones son inferenciales. Los pensamientos se definen a través de sus relaciones inferenciales con otros. De acuerdo con esto es discutible afirmar, como lo hizo Schröder, que el proyecto lógico de Frege es como el proyecto lógico de Boole. También es cuestionable afirmar, como lo hizo Dummett, que la relación inferencial no es siempre central en el proyecto fregeano. En este texto defenderé una lectura del proyecto lógico de Frege, en contra de las posturas de Schröder y Dummett.
Salario y condiciones de trabajo en la industria de la seda valenciana del siglo XVIII
Authors: Franch Ricardo
Published: December 2016

La modalidad de contratación de la mano de obra más habitual en la industria de la seda valenciana del siglo XVIII era la remuneración a destajo, por lo que el salario dependía del rendimiento y el ritmo de trabajo. El carácter estacional de la hilatura determinaba que su entidad fuese elevada, reduciéndose considerablemente al concentrarse la producción en establecimientos fabriles. El devanado era realizado a tiempo parcial por la mano de obra femenina bajo el control de los torcedores, con quienes los fabricantes acordaban la realización de ambas operaciones a destajo, lo que generó graves conflictos entre ambos colectivos. Los fabricantes encargaban también la realización del tejido a los artesanos, precisándose en las ordenanzas gremiales la remuneración que debían percibir tanto los maestros como los oficiales por cada vara confeccionada. Pero la diversidad de los modelos elaborados y el tiempo desigual que requería su producción dificultan el conocimiento del salario finalmente obtenido.
Making better use of what we have: Strategies to minimize food waste and resource inefficiency in Canada
Authors: MacRae Rod , Siu Anne , Kohn Marlee , Matsubuchi-Shaw Moira , McCallum Doug , Hernandez Cervantes Tania , Perreault Danielle
Published: December 2016

We examined the problems of and solutions to food waste through the main three frames of social science research on food waste: political economy; the cultural turn (the cultures, ideologies and politics of food and consumption); and political ecology. In the course of our collective research on food waste, we analyzed dozens of government and company documents, interviewed over 35 employees of food chain firms and organizations, including 9 middle to senior managers in food retail, and 2 farmers. One co-author, as part of this and affiliated work (McCallum, Campbell & MacRae, 2014), toured distribution facilities and stores of a major Canadian food retailer, had access to the Company’s head office staff, held group and one-on-one interviews with staff in a variety of capacities, and was granted access to confidential corporate reports. Another co-author volunteered with a food recovery organization and spoke with their operational staff.  Our method to identify solutions is described in more detail below, but essentially we follow a normative approach as broadly outlined by MacRae and Winfield (2016). Our focus in this paper is on changes to policies, programmes and legislation/regulation at the level of the state. Such interventions are clearly only a piece of a wide ranging set of initiatives to be undertaken by numerous actors – from food chain firms to individual eaters – but our reading is that more attention has recently been paid to private firm than regulatory changes. We hope to redress this to some degree in this article.
Cultivating community through gardening in Kenora, Ontario
Authors: Moquin Rob , Diduck Alan P. , Sinclair A. John , Davidson-Hunt Iain J.
Published: December 2016

Community gardens are places where people connect, share, and engage their social and ecological communities. The purpose of this research was to document and communicate participants’ experiences of community-building through community gardening in Kenora, Ontario, Canada. The primary method used was Photovoice, whereby a group of twelve participants shared photos and stories of their garden communities in a series of workshops. Follow-up interviews were used to get participant feedback on the photovoice process and fill gaps in the data, while participant observation was used to triangulate data. Results suggest a uniquely relational perspective of community gardening, the significance of sharing and learning in the garden, as well as success with and barriers to social capital and ecological citizenship among gardeners. Of particular importance, future garden initiatives in Kenora will likely require a combination of institutional and grass-roots efforts to facilitate intergenerational bonding, connecting across community gardens, building gardens in accessible locations, and addressing colonial and racial barriers to collaboration.
Cities and Agriculture: Developing Resilient Urban Food Systems by Henk de Zeeuw and Pay Drechsel (Eds.)
Authors: Si Zhenzhong , Marshman Jennifer , Berge Simon , Dai Ning , Soma Tammara , Dale Bryan , Landman Karen , Bacher John , Rahman Mashiur , Levkoe Charles Z.
Published: December 2016

In an age when we are inundated with information, efforts that streamline that information—by sifting kernels of wheat from the chaff—are precious. Our reviews are intended to assist CFS readers faced with a growing body of material relevant to food studies. However, the standard book review process is ill-suited to the increasingly common edited volume, with large numbers of chapters written by multiple authors. A single review struggles to capture and reflect on the distinct themes and copious information that such volumes typically contain. We are experimenting with alternative formats. This installment was initially conceived as a “community book review”, where we sought reviewers with relevant experience to tackle the material in each of the chapters. Ten volunteers stepped forward, and even participated in a round of blind reviews of each other’s work. The result is a collaborative effort that provides depth of analysis for each of the 15 chapters in this book, and some lightly ground grains of wheat for your digestion.
Pequeña incisión suprapúbica facilita el consentimiento en necropsias perinatal y pediátrica
Authors: Romero Nery , Laberiano Caddie , Moscoso Gonzalo
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Presentar un tipo de incisión de la piel en la necropsia perinatal y pediátrica que permite la autorización de los padres que se hubieran negado con la técnica de incisión habitual. Métodos: Las necropsias se realizaron en 20 fetos, 15 neonatos y 8 infantes en el Hospital Madre Niño “San Bartolomé”. Esta técnica consiste en una incisión de la piel transversal, suprapúbica, de 10 cm de longitud aproximadamente, evaluación manual de cavidades y órganos, evisceración de los órganos con técnica Letulle (en bloque) o tipo Virchow (por órganos), y cierre de la piel con sutura subdérmica. Resultados: Esta técnica de incisión de la piel facilitó el consentimiento de necropsia por los padres. Conclusiones: Con el procedimiento reportado se obtuvo la autorización por parte de los padres de las necropsias previamente negadas; se entregó a la madre el cadáver de su niño con una mínima incisión y se aseguró un buen estudio necrópsico.