bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Family Support and Elderly Behavior in Hypertension Control in the Working Area of Tiga Balata Health Center
Authors: Hendri Kurniawan  , Br Sinukaban Evita Dora
Published: April 2023

Support from family and friends is needed in the management of people with hypertension. The family is a support system in the life of people with hypertension, so that their condition does not get worse and avoid complications due to hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and the behavior of the elderly in controlling hypertension at Tiga Balata Health Center, Simalungun Regency. This study uses a quantitative method, this type of research is analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were 33 hypertensive patients at Tiga Balata Health Center. The sample of this research is 33 respondents. Most of the elderly have good family support as many as 17 respondents (52.8%). And most of the elderly have good behavior as many as 20 respondents (60.6%). Chi-square test results with a significance level of 0.05 indicate that the p value is 0.000 ± 0.05, meaning H, it is accepted that there is a relationship between family support and elderly behavior in controlling hypertension at Tiga Balata Health Center, Simalungun Regency. The result of Chi Square 0.573 is positive, which means that the poorer the family support, the lower the behavior of the elderly. Good family support with good elderly behavior 14 respondents (87.5%) and good family support with bad elderly behavior 2 respondents (12.5%), poor family support with good elderly behavior 3 respondents (17.6%) and family support not good with the behavior of the elderly is not good 14 respondents (82.4%). The behavior of the elderly in controlling hypertension must at least be accompanied by a good family and also good motivation from the family.
Influencing Factors Satisfaction Patient User Guarantee Labor (Jampersal) against Health Services at Gunung Maligas Health Centers
Authors: Firdasari  , Br Siregar Jeni Raulina
Published: April 2023

Guarantee Childbirth ( Jampersal ) is guarantee financing service childbirth which includes inspection pregnancy , help delivery , service childbirth including service family planning (KB) post childbirth and services baby new born by force   health at the facility health. Jampersal aim lower Number Death Mother (NDM) and numbers Death Directed Babies (DDB) in Indonesia in enhancement quality service health. Jampersal must notice service quality health to create satisfaction patient. Type study This is study descriptive with approach purposeful retrospective identify influencing factors satisfaction patient user Jampersal to service health at the Health Center Gunung Maligas Regency Simalungun. Sample in research this is existing mothers Once using Jampersal program start from gestation until the puerperium, and do installation tool contraception. Taking sample with simple random sampling technique with amount sample as many as 51 people. Research results showing that majority patient user Jampersal feel satisfied to service health (92.2%) in Gunung Maligas Subdistrict, where the average value of satisfaction patient each factor is satisfying that is access service health (76.5%), quality service health (92.2%), service process health (88.2%), and systems service health (78.4%). Expected officer health Keep going give quality service for reach satisfaction patient.
Nurse Motivation in Implementing Therapeutic Communication in the Inpatient Room General Perdagangan Hospital
Authors: Josep Lubis  , Simatupang Mindo Rahel
Published: April 2023

Most of human time is for communicating, starting from waking up, working, even to carrying out daily activities, humans cannot be separated from what is called communication. In other words, communication is an inseparable part of human daily life. Communication is a tool for nurses to influence patient behavior and to get success in nursing interventions. This research is descriptive in nature. This study aims to find out how motivated nurses are in implementing therapeutic communication in the General Perdagangan Hospital inpatient room. Sampling in this study using a total sampling of 36 respondents. The results showed that of the 36 respondents in the rose, jasmine and orchid inpatient rooms of the General Perdagangan Hospital it was stated that in therapeutic communication with patients the majority of nurses behaved well by 23 (64%), and the minority behaved badly by 13 (36%). The results of the study showed that of the 36 respondents in the inpatient rooms of roses, jasmine and orchids, the majority of nurses had sufficient ability in therapeutic communication with patients, 24 (67%), and a minority of 4 (11%) had poor ability. It is hoped that health workers will further improve professional therapeutic communication in providing health services to patients.
Szerózus retinaleválások: diagnosztikus és terápiás dilemmák (Pontszerző, referáló közlemény esetbemutatásokkal)
Authors: Ecsedy Mónika , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Hargitai János , Széles Rebeka , Szepessy Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2023

Célunk, hogy közleményünkben összefoglaljuk a szerózus retinaleválásokkal kapcsolatos ismereteket, az irodalmi adatok és a saját klinikai tapasztalatok tükrében. A retina neuroszenzoros rétege és pigmenthámja közötti folyadékgyülem kialakulásának hátterében számos betegség állhat, mint a chorioretinopathia centrális serosa, gyógyszer indukálta szerózus leválások, autoimmun és gyulladásos betegségek és fejlődési rendellenességek. Érdekes eseteink bemutatásán keresztül részletezzük a kórkép diagnosztikáját elősegítő multimodális képalkotási módszereket és összegezzük, hogy melyik alcsoportban milyen terápiás lehetőségek alkalmazása a legcélravezetőbb.
An Intelligent Technique to Predict the Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Big Data Platform
Authors: Alwidian Jaber A.
Published: April 2023

Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a psychiatric disorder. It is a condition that puts constraints on the use of linguistic, cognitive, communicative, and social skills and abilities. Recently, many data mining techniques have been developed to help autism patients by discovering the main features of the condition and the correlation between them. In this paper, we employ the association classification (AC) technique as a data mining approach to predict whether or not an individual has an autism. The Intelligent Classification Based on Association rules (ICBA) algorithm is proposed for finding the correlations between the features to decide whether an individual has autism in its early stage, especially in childhood. The ICBA algorithm incorporates the chi-square method to select the best feature to make the decision, in addition to proposing new techniques in all phases and increasing number of folds to 2size of data/10. The proposed algorithm is compared against four well-known AC algorithms in terms of accuracy to evaluate their behavior in the prediction task using big data platform. The results show a better performance for the ICBA algorithm in most experiments. Moreover, all of the considered algorithms had an increased level of accuracy when the chi-square method was used.
Burgers als trustees
Authors: van Stokkom Bas , Becker Marcel , Eikenaar Teun
Published: April 2023

Active citizens as trustees

The involvement of citizens in discussions about policy arrangements has been growing in the past decades. These forums of decision-making often provoke criticism because of a so-called ‘lack of representativeness’. Often a small group of active citizens takes the lead and decides which problems have to be dealt with. Some active residents primarily focus on improving the neighbourhood, regardless of whether their activities have everyone’s consent. This raises many questions related their representativeness. Do these participants form an adequate cross-section of the population? Are they speaking on behalf of others? Maybe passive citizens feel fine with the opinions of active citizens and agree that a small group of citizens is taking the lead. In this paper these active citizens are viewed as ‘trustees’: informal representatives who take responsibility to look after the neighbourhood’s interests, expecting that passive residents would support their efforts. The paper has two central questions: First, which ideas do active participants have about representation and representativeness? Second, in what respects can active citizens be characterized as ‘trustees’? In the theoretical part we contend that the notion ‘trustee’ may function as a theoretical framework to understand present-day citizen participation. In local policy networks many informal representatives express views and interests that are recognizable for many citizens. They are trusted, as long as their activities can be checked. The second part of the paper focuses on three projects of citizen decision-making within local safety policies (The Dutch cities Amsterdam, Deventer and Rotterdam). Within these projects, participants prioritize what kinds of activities and interventions police officers and other frontline workers should carry out. A main finding is that many active citizens function as contact persons who are continuously available for other residents. They do not wish to speak ‘on behalf’ of others but they are bestowed – often reluctantly – with the role of representative, as they demonstratively express neighborhood interests (‘clean, intact and safe’). Their reputation seems to be decisive.
In het zonnetje zetten van hen die in de schaduw staan
Authors: van der Wal Zeger
Published: April 2023

Book review

In this feature authors review recently published books on subjects of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Protein and Energy Supplements on Broiler Chicken Growth With or Without Feed Additives
Authors: Ajmal Wali , Same Noori , Saifullah Mangal
Published: April 2023

Poultry development has a significant function in improving egg and chicken meat output. Poultry rearing provides income and employment to large number of people. The objective of this investigation is to determine the performance of broiler chicken when fed with diets containing different combinations of energy and protein. Total of 200 (day-old chicken) broiler chickens of a commercial strain randomly chosen for three distinct studies and fed with experimental meals. The birds rearing period was 6 weeks, the live body weight performance and health condition were measured by weekly. For each experiment Eighty (80) 1-day-old male broiler chickens of a commercial strain were selected in four groups with control including supplements diet treatments. Each treatment group of 20 birds was allocated. In the first and second weeks of feeding the body weight of broiler chicken was significantly increased by corn (starch rich supplements), however the body weight in week 4 and 5 was significantly increased by protein supplements particularly alfalfa. Also feed additives had significantly effect on growth performance where mortality rate was zero.
Na tropach archiwalnych tajemnic
Authors: Kołpak Piotr , Kuska Justyna
Published: April 2023

Zagadnienia związane z szeroko pojętą archiwistyką i naukami pomocniczymi historii (np. kodykologia, księgoznawstwo, sfragistyka, heraldyka, paleografia czy neografia) uważane są za ekskluzywne i zamknięte w hermetycznym środowisku naukowym. Doświadczenie członków zespołu pracowni Digitalizacji i Inwentaryzacji Zabytków Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie zdobyte w czasie cyklicznych imprez (np. Małopolska Noc Naukowców) oraz w ramach prac nad promocją wyników badań projektów Sakralne Dziedzictwo Małopolski i Cyfrowe Archiwum Archidiecezji Krakowskiej pokazało, że tematy te można pomyślnie upowszechniać również wśród dzieci i młodzieży. Przygotowany z tą myślą edukacyjny e-book (oraz uzupełniający go zeszyt ćwiczeń) ma w sposób przystępny i atrakcyjny wzbudzić u uczniów szkół podstawowych pierwsze refleksje dotyczące dziejów cywilizacji i kultury oraz historycznego znaczenia zabytków piśmiennictwa przechowywanych w archiwach. Autorzy wychodzą naprzeciw apelom psychologów dziecięcych o generowanie odpowiednich informacji inicjujących systematyczną refleksję dziecka nad otaczającym je światem.
Language for Description of Worlds. Part 1: Theoretical Foundation
Authors: Dobrev Dimiter
Published: April 2023

We will reduce the task of creating AI to the task of finding an appropriate language for description of the world. This will not be a programing language because programing languages describe only computable functions, while our language will describe a somewhat broader class of functions. Another specificity of this language will be that the description will consist of separate modules. This will enable us look for the description of the world automatically such that we discover it module after module. Our approach to the creation of this new language will be to start with a particular world and write the description of that particular world. The point is that the language which can describe this particular world will be appropriate for describing any world. This is the first part of the paper. In this part we will define the basic theoretical concepts which will we will need when creating the language we are looking for.
Study of Biochemical and Phytochemical Variations in Carica papaya, Linn. During Storage
Authors:   Department Of Botany, N.S.S.College, Nilamel, Kollam,Dt, Kerala. S.Thangapazham Agriculture College,Tenkashi Dt.,Tamil Nadu., Nair Geetha R. , S. Anagha ,   Department Of Botany, N.S.S.College, Nilamel, Kollam,Dt, Kerala. S.Thangapazham Agriculture College,Tenkashi Dt.,Tamil Nadu.
Published: April 2023

Papaya is a tropical fruit and is usually harvested prior to the onset of climacteric rise. The moisture content of Papaya is always higher than 70% throughout the season. The moisture content increases significantly with season. The phytochemical analysis of Papaya leaves contain carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoides, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Temperature has a major role in the post harvested biochemical changes and the activity of polyphenol oxidase in Papaya. Flesh color development in nonstored fruits did not change significantly during the first six days of storage, and then rapidly increases. Unripe fruit stored for 5 days at above 27 ºC exhibits faster ripening rates. The optimal temperature for storing Papayas are found to be between 21.5 to 25 ºC. Biochemical changes in Papaya fruits at room temperature revealed that the level of phenolics and reducing sugars are gradually increases . But there is a gradual decrease in the protein content of the fruits. As the PPO quality deteriorating enzyme, the nutritional quality was assayed by estimating the activity of PPO. The enzyme was responsible for the browning of Papaya fruits. Post harvest storage of Papaya is a major problem for many farmers. High moisture content of papaya fruit may affect the contamination of disease spreading microbes and insect vectors. They may cause spoilage of soft tissues of Papaya. High temperature storage may cause the nutrient quality of fruit. Many enzymes and proteins degraded in extreme temperature condition.
Identification, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery as sources of evidence
Authors: Khakhanovskyi Valerii , Hrebenkova Marharyta
Published: April 2023

Given the rapid pace of informatization of society, the number of criminal offences involving the use of computers, their software, as well as telecommunications systems is continuously growing. Such illegal actions are characterized by leaving traces, including electronic imagery. They can be evidence of the commission of criminal offences, which explains the development and improvement of methods for their detection, collection, and investigation by law enforcement agencies. However, today such methods of detecting, collecting, and investigating electronic imagery of evidence are separately contained in several scientific papers of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, which allowed comprehensively covering them in this study. The purpose of this study was to review the theory and practice of the activities of authorized entities for the detection, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery of evidence. The study uses a set of various methods, namely scientific cognition of real phenomena and their connections with the practical activities of authorized bodies for the detection, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery (dialectical method), as well as special and general scientific methods of legal science. The study showed as follows: usually, investigators and operational officers detect electronic imagery independently, or as part of an investigative task force during the investigation of criminal offences, or before their commission; the collection of electronic imagery occurs during procedural actions (usually law enforcement intelligence actions) both from technical devices with which a criminal offence was committed, and from those that were attacked. When extracting electronic imagery, it is advisable to involve a suitable specialist (if possible, a cyberpolice officer); an authorized investigator, specialist, and expert are authorized to examine electronic imagery. Expert research of electronic imagery belongs only to experts and is carried out using the following examinations: computer equipment and software products, telecommunications systems and tools, as well as technical and forensic examination of documents. The conducted review will help authorized practitioners restore the memory of knowledge about information about the tools for detecting, collecting, and investigating electronic imagery, which will ensure the effective implementation of the tasks of criminal proceedings
Some aspects of perfecting the system of penitentiary bodies and institutions
Authors: Levchenko Yurii , Vasylevych Vitalii
Published: April 2023

Recently, Ukrainian society has been undergoing essential reforms, which were dynamically changing during democratization and humanization, and did not leave the penitentiary institutions aside. The optimization of the penitentiary system itself started in 2017, which allowed obtaining legal and organizational tools for closing unnecessary penitentiary institutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyse the aspects of optimization of the penitentiary system of Ukraine, which currently is one of the equally important social institutions that solves large-scale legal, economic, social, and psychological-pedagogical tasks. Presently, crime stays one of the issues in Ukraine. The study used the general dialectical research method and the formal logical method. The theoretical framework of this paper included the studies of scientists, which contributed to the comprehensive investigation of crime and the development of the mechanism for the proper functioning of the criminal executive system considering its modernization. The study examines the current state of national legislation on the activities of penitentiary institutions in Ukraine, their development concepts and the need to improve innovative technologies borrowed from foreign practices (USA, Great Britain, France) in the activities of penitentiary workers. Ways and proposals for their improvement were formulated. To date, Ukraine has still not fully resolved the problems regarding the mechanism for the protection of human rights in matters of optimization of the system of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments
Unmanned aerial vehicle as a forensic technical tool and object of forensic research
Authors: Yefimenko Ihor
Published: April 2023

use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the detection, investigation, and prevention of criminal offences. The purpose of this study was to investigate topical issues of using UAVs in two aspects – as a technical forensic tool and as a tool and means of committing a criminal offence. The research methodology included a set of general scientific and special methods that allow assuming and concluding on the specific features of using a UAV in the detection, investigation, and prevention of criminal offences. Thus, this study was based on a diagnostic method for cognition of social and legal phenomena and concepts in their development and interdependence. Along with this, general and special research methods were used, namely comparative legal, system-structural, statistical, logical, and other modern methods of scientific cognition. The theoretical framework of this study included studies of scientists and practitioners in the field of criminal procedure and forensics. The regulatory framework of the study included the norms and provisions of current regulations and their practical implementation in the law enforcement sphere. The study examined topical issues related to the UAV as a modern technical forensic tool and object of forensic research. The paper considered certain aspects and features of the use of UAVs in the detection, investigation, and prevention of criminal offences. To this end, various aspects of the use of UAVs as modern technical forensic tools were comprehensively analysed, distinguishing theoretical foundations of application, statutory regulation, organizational, technological, and scientific-methodological support. The features of using UAVs as a tool and means of committing criminal offences were determined. The study investigated typical traces left as a result of using UAVs, features of their logging and seizure. Considering investigative situations, the sequence, and specifics of conducting an inspection and seizure of a UAV and its elements at the initial stage of the investigation were determined, as well as an indicative list of issues for their expert investigation was provided. The significance of the results and practical value of this paper is that it highlights the specific features of using a UAV as a technical forensic tool and object of forensic research, formulates scientific and methodological recommendations for the use of unmanned aerial systems in the investigation, solving, and prevention of criminal offences. The study also defines the areas for improving Ukrainian legislation to regulate legal relations in the field of criminal justice on the use of unmanned aerial systems by law enforcement agencies
Efficacy and Safety of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Farrukh Mahwish , Ali Muhammad Ashar , Naveed Madiha , Habib Rooma , Khan Huda , Kashif Tooba , Zubair Hina , Saeed Memoona , Butt Sigmone K. , Niaz Rabiya , Garg Ishan , Fatima Aqsa , Aiman Wajeeha
Published: April 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer in adults (approximately 90%), and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most frequent histologic subtype (approximately 75%). We reviewed the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in ccRCC, identifying 5927 articles in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Ten randomized control (N = 7765) and 10 non-randomized (N = 572) studies were included. Overall, 4819 patients treated with CPI combinations were compared with everolimus, sunitinib, or placebo. Overall response rates (ORR) were 9–25% with nivolumab (niv), 42% with niv + ipilimumab (ipi), 55.7% with niv + cabozantinib, 56% with niv + tivozanib vs. 5% with everolimus. ORR was 51.5–58% with avelumab + axitinib vs. 25.5% with sunitinib. ORR was 59.3–73% with pembrolizumab + tyrosine kinase inhibitor vs. 25.7% with sunitinib. ORR was 32–36% with atezolizumab + bevacizumab vs. 29–33% with sunitinib. In patients with PD-L1+ve and -ve ccRCC, niv, atezolizumab, ipi, and pembrolizumab were safe and effective alone and when combined with cabozantinib, tivozanib, axitinib, levantinib, and pegilodecakin. Atezolizumab + bevacizumab was safe and effective in ccRCC with high PD-L1 expression. Pembrolizumab was safe and effective in preventing recurrence in ccRCC patients with nephrectomy. Additional randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
Emerging Influence of online Reviews on Antecedents and Consequence of Consumer-based Brand Equity in Restaurant Industry of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Sarah Mohammad , Anjum Sarah
Published: April 2023

This article explores the emerging influence of online reviews on the antecedents and consequences of consumer-based brand equity in the restaurant industry of Pakistan. The main antecedents of consumer-based brand equity considered in the study include brand preference, brand image, and brand attitude. The study uses a quantitative research approach and collects data from a sample of 300 consumers who have visited a restaurant. For the analysis of the data and testing of hypotheses, partial least square structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed as a technique for analyzing the data and testing hypothesis. In the restaurant industry of Karachi, online reviews significantly influence consumer-based brand equity antecedents and consequences. Specifically, online reviews positively affect brand preference, brand attitude, and brand image. The study's findings have important implications for restaurants operating in Pakistan and other similar markets. Enhancing consumer-based brand equity requires restaurants to maintain high levels of brand preference, develop strong brand attitudes, and promote positive brand images. They should also actively monitor and manage online reviews to mitigate negative reviews' potential impact on consumer brand equity and highlighting the need for restaurants to develop and implement effective strategies for managing online reviews to enhance their brand equity and improve customer preferences.
القراءات المُعاصرة للقرآن الكريم بين النّظريّة والتّطبيق
Authors: د.عليّ عبيد  , سومية عبد اللّاوي
Published: April 2023

إنّ الحقيقة الّتي لا مراء فيها تؤكّد أنّ الخطاب القرآني عالميّ، معجز الألفاظ والمعاني، يتحدّى الزّمان والمكان، ويستحيل الإحاطة بمعانيه الّتي تندهق وتتفجر منه، ممّا أفضى إلى إغناء المجال الدّيني بالتّفاسير القرآنيّة، منها ما يقوم على قراءة آيات القرآن الكريم وفهمها وتدبّرها في إطار ضوابط ومحدّدات منهجية، حتّى لا يتسرب إليه من خارجه ما ليس فيه ويُنتج تأويلا خاطئا، بينما نجد بعض المفكرين اتّخذوا من النّص القرآنيّ محورا للقراءة بناء على مناهج وآليات جديدة.

ولذا، نروم في هذه الورقة البحثية إلى استقصاء الآليات والمناهج، الّتي اعتمدها أصحاب هذه القراءات المعاصرة من خلال هذه الموجة الفكرية، وانعكاساتها على الفهم القرآني السّليم.
ORTOTANÁSIA E DIGNIDADE NA FINITUDE: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Pinheiro José Eduardo , Peres Germano Albieri
Published: April 2023

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, lung cancer is also the leading cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, faced with a diagnosis of lung cancer, the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is considerably high, as occurred with the patient in this study. Thus, this case report is about the importance of the institution of palliative care in patients in the presence of malignant neoplasms, of incurable character, so that they have quality of life, that they can understand and accept their death process and that, at the moment of in the course of the death, the same occurs in a dignified, painless and comfortable way possible within the limitations.
Discursos encruzilhados:
Authors: Pantoja Elton Ibrahin de Vasconcelos
Published: April 2023

O debate sobre a diversidade e identidade de gênero tem levantado a questionamentos de cunhos variados. Neste caminho, este trabalho irá analisar como está construído o entendimento da pessoa transgênero (Trans*) dentro do discurso religioso do Candomblé, a partir do estudo do pronunciamento, veiculado em redes sociais da internet, de uma autoridade desta religião. Em uma abordagem qualitativa a Análise de Discurso francesa, na linha de pecheutiana, permitirá adentrar as ideologias que permeiam o próprio discurso, que junto à etnografia, comporá o corpo teórico metodológico deste trabalho. Assim, compreender como a transgeneridade, bem como a transexualidade têm sua legitimidade concedida e como são entendidas dentro deste discurso.
Identifying Implicit Process Variables To Support Future Empirical Work
Authors: Carver Jeff , Basili Victor
Published: April 2023

The most basic questions that researchers must address when introducing a new process or technique are what is the intended effect of that process and can that effect be demonstrated empirically. As the understanding of a process progresses, researchers become interested in more sophisticated questions about a process or technique, such as studying the relationship between a particular type of variable and the outcome of the process. Quite often, researchers will find few, if any, studies in the literature that explicitly identify and analyze the effects of potential variables on the process. This paper proposes a methodology to aid in performing a literature search to be used as a basis for new research into these types of variables. The methodology provides guidance on making use of a large range of studies from which to extract potential variables. Throughout the paper, the methodology is illustrated with a specific example. The example focuses on searching for variables that deal with individual variations among software inspectors that affect their performance during an inspection. At the end of the example, after following the steps of the methodology, a list of potential variables among software inspectors is identified. The paper concludes with the next steps to be taken concerning the identified variables and hypotheses.
Projeto Baseado em Aspectos do Padrão Camada de Persistência
Authors: Camargo Valter Vieira de , Ramos Ricardo Argenton , Penteado Rosângela , Masiero Paulo Cesar
Published: April 2023

Padrões de projeto são criados e documentados para apoiar o reuso e a evolução de software, porém pesquisas mais recentes mostram que embora o projeto desses padrões seja reusável, o mesmo não ocorre com sua implementação. Alguns autores têm mostrado que as técnicas de implementação orientadas a objetos não são adequadas para a implementação de padrões de projeto por não possuírem mecanismos adequados para tratamento de interesses ortogonais ao interesses principais dos padrões. Porém, técnicas de programação orientadas a aspectos fornecem construções de linguagem adequadas ao encapsulamento desse tipo de comportamento, fazendo com que os benefícios de reusabilidade e evolução também ocorram com o código. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de projeto baseado em aspectos para o padrão de projeto Camada de Persistência e também algumas diretrizes que auxiliam na obtenção de um projeto baseado em aspectos para um sistema orientado a objetos que tenha sido desenvolvido reusando um determinado padrão de projeto.
Um Método de Teste Funcional para Verificação de Componentes
Authors: Farias Carina M. , Machado Patrícia D. L.
Published: April 2023

O interesse no desenvolvimento de software baseado em componentes tem crescido substancialmente devido à promessa de redução de custos e tempo de desenvolvimento através do reuso. A maioria das metodologias existentes tem se concentrado nas fases de análise e projeto. Entretanto, o reuso efetivo de componentes está fortemente relacionado à confiabilidade dos mesmos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é propor um método de teste funcional aplicável a componentes de software. Já que o processo de desenvolvimento utilizado influencia significativamente a testabilidade de sistemas, o método proposto estará integrado a um processo de desenvolvimento de componentes bem definido. Artefatos de teste são gerados a partir de especificações em UML (Unified Modelling Language). Um estudo de caso é apresentado para ilustrar a aplicabilidade do método.
A Family of Coverage Testing Criteria for Coloured Petri Nets
Authors: Simão Adenilso da Silva , Souza Simone do R. S. de , Maldonado José Carlos
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a family of specification-based coverage testing criteria for Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs). CPNs are an extension of Petri Nets with the capability of expressing, defining and handling datatypes and structured values. The main approaches used for testing and validation of CPNs based on specifications are simulation and analysis of properties. However, these approaches do not essentially provide a mechanism for quantifying the testing activity, compromising the testing quality assessment. The coverage criteria family proposed in this paper aims at complementing this scenario by providing mechanisms either to evaluate the adequacy of test sequences (e.g., sequences generated by simulation) or to guide the generation of adequate test sequences with respect to a given criterion. The underlying model to derive the requirements of the testing criteria is the occurrence graph. The concepts and criteria presented in this paper are supported by a prototyping tool. Some examples are provided to illustrate the main ideas.
Gerência de Conhecimento em ODE
Authors: Natali Ana Candida Cruz , Falbo Ricardo de Almeida
Published: April 2023

No contexto do desenvolvimento de software, a gerência de conhecimento pode ser utilizada para capturar o conhecimento gerado durante o processo de software. Embora cada projeto de software seja único, experiências similares podem auxiliar desenvolvedores a executarem suas atividades. Neste artigo, discute-se a importância da gerência de conhecimento no desenvolvimento de software e é apresentada uma infra-estrutura de gerência de conhecimento integrada ao ambiente de desenvolvimento de software ODE. Esta infraestrutura considera os seguintes serviços de gerência de conhecimento: captura, armazenamento, recuperação, disseminação, uso e manutenção.
Um modelo paramétrico de esforço para sistemas de informação baseados na arquitetura Web
Authors: Carneiro Ana Carolina A. , Schmitz Eber A.
Published: April 2023

Devido ao crescimento substancial do desenvolvimento de aplicações Web nos últimos tempos, tornou-se necessário o estudo de métodos, métricas e modelos de esforço para a Engenharia Web. Baseado neste princípio, esse trabalho aborda as características e particularidades da Web, propondo uma nova métrica de tamanho e um modelo para estimativa de esforço. O modelo foi validado com um conjunto de 11 projetos reais, onde mostrou uma grande correlação (R=0.99) entre o esforço real e os parâmetros do modelo.
Wahlsystem der verbundenen Mehrheitsregel (Kappungssystem) versus modifiziertes echtes Zwei-Stimmen-Wahlrecht (asymmetrisches Grabenwahlrecht): Welches System ist verfassungskonform? – Zugleich eine Replik auf Joachim Behnke in Heft 3/2022 der ZParl
Authors: Schmahl Stefanie
Published: April 2023

With the aim of limiting the size of the Bundestag to 598 members, the government plans to reform the federal electoral law based on an electoral system that links direct mandates fully to the proportional majority rule (capping system) . There are various constitutional objections to this election model . Above all, it is questionable not to award direct mandates in the constituencies against the will of the majority of voters, but to make this allocation dependent on a coverage by the main (list) vote . A majority rule dependent on proportional- ity is alien to the principle of democracy . In contrast, a real two-vote suffrage (segmented electoral system) is constitutionally unproblematic . According to this system, some of the deputies are elected by majority vote in the constituencies and some of the deputies by nationwide proportional representation according to state lists . There is no offsetting of con- stituency and list votes . Concerns that two-vote suffrage puts smaller parties at a disadvan- tage can be countered by an asymmetric electoral system that shifts the balance and weight- ing toward proportional representation .
Dragging Congress into the 21st Century: Creating Policies and Improving Processes in an Age of Pandemic and Polarization
Authors: Cammisa Anne Marie
Published: April 2023

Covid-19 presented a major external shock to the United States governmental system . The system itself, crafted in the 18th century, was not designed to easily absorb this shock . The U .S . government is divided by the Constitution in two important ways: through a system of federalism in which state power vies with federal power, and through a separated system at the national level in which Congress, the President and the Supreme Court wrestle with each other over lawmaking and policy authority . By 2019, the system was stymied by increasing partisan polarization, magnified by the Presidency of Donald Trump . Responses to Coronavirus would have to be shepherded through a labyrinthian path and would face horizontal (separated powers) and vertical (state, federal, local) challenges, in addition to partisan wrangling . At a more micro level Congress itself faced, in addition to all of the hurdles already mentioned, specific problems in what could be termed “capacity” . Congres- sional policymaking relies on physical presence—in committees, on the floor, in party cau- cuses and in member organizations—to get its business done . With the nation and the world facing quarantines, lockdowns and stay-at-home orders, how could Congress main- tain physical presence? Should it? What alternatives might there be? Along with the rest of the country, Congressional staff adjusted to working from home . Maintaining national security during remote work would be problematic, certainly, but even more basic prob- lems were exposed as it came to light that many congressional offices lacked the technology and equipment to provide staffers with secure means to get their jobs done from remote locations . Covid-19 made clear that the United States Congress was facing 21st Century problems in an organization with 20th (or even 19th or 18th) century procedures and structures . How could it respond to the immediate problem? And, perhaps more importantly, what would be the path forward once the country moved past the crisis?
Opposition gegen die Umsetzung von EU-Recht im Bundestag
Authors: Wimmel Andreas
Published: April 2023

One function of national parliaments is to transpose EU law into the domestic legal order . This article examines whether and under what conditions opposition parties in the Bunde- stag support such an implementation . The results of a statistical analysis of all votes on national transposition laws since 1990 show a stable trend toward a competitive opposi- tion, which is also manifested in the voting behavior of pro-European opposition parties . In addition, the relatively high rejection rates cannot be explained by a critical attitude toward the substantive translation into national law, because opposition is voiced not only to directives, but also to regulations and ECJ rulings that leave the government hardly any room for maneuver in transposition . Both findings confirm the EU politicization thesis, according to which European politics has become an integral part of national party compe- tition .
Beschleunigung von öffentlichen Planungsverfahren
Authors: Kuscher Philipp
Published: April 2023

Planungsverfahren für öffentliche Infrastrukturmaßnahmen in Deutschland gelten als hochbürokratisch, kaum digitalisiert und vor allem zu langsam. So vergehen beispielsweise von der Konzeption bis zur baulichen Umsetzung eines Radweges im schlimmsten Fall bis zu zehn Jahre. Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf der Grundlage eines Forschungsprojektes, warum öffentliche Planungsverfahren so lange dauern und wie die komplexe Zusammenarbeit von Akteuren in der kommunalen Raumplanung verbessert werden kann. Beim Blick in die Praxis zeigt sich, dass die Arbeits- und Prozessebene von Kommunen in der Planung und Umsetzung von Radverkehrswegen besser verstanden werden muss. Wesentliche Gründe für das langsame Vorankommen sind die mangelnde Kooperation, Kommunikation und Steuerung in der Zusammenarbeit (mangelnde Netzwerkfähigkeit) sowie eine fehlende IT-basierte Infrastruktur. Im Beitrag werden Schlüsselperspektiven skizziert, an denen sich Kommunen und Entscheidungsträger orientieren können, um vielfältige Potenziale für eine verbesserte Umsetzung zu heben.
Can the Left Internal Mammary Artery Be Used During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplant? A First Case Report
Authors: Beheshti Monfared Mahmoud , Ghaderi Hamid , Ansari Aval Zahra , Hekmat Manouchehr , Mirjafari S. Adeleh , Beheshtimonfared Reza
Published: April 2023

Introduction: With the improvements in neoplasm treatments and the increased survival of patients with neoplastic diseases, we have entered a new era of having to deal with the complications of senile patients. The issue of bone fusion or the side effects of its delay, such as malunion or infections, are among the concerns for any surgery in patients whose bone marrow is affected by treatment or whose bone marrow blood flow is impaired. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is used for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with its 2 - 3 times longer lifespan compared to saphenous vein grafts, but its harvest from the sternum affects the sternum blood flow and the outcome of its use is still not identified in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant. This case report is the first report on this issue. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old man with diffuse large B cell lymphoma who had undergone bone marrow transplant a year before had then developed chest pain, which was diagnosed as vessel disease; he was selected for CABG surgery. The LIMA was harvested during the surgery and the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was anastomosed. The saphenous vein graft was also anastomosed to the diagonal artery, obtuse marginatus (OM), posterior descending artery (PDA), and posterior left ventricle (PLV). After the surgery, the patient was followed up for six months, during which time no specific incidents occurred and no sternum-related complications were observed either. Conclusions: In this case report, the use of LIMA in a patient who had undergone a bone marrow transplant and CABG surgery was not associated with any increase in sternum-related complications.
Graduate Medical Education in Pathology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , White Sandra K. , Timme Kathleen H. , McFarland Mary M. , Lomo Lesley C.
Published: April 2023

Context.—

Pathologists have produced a substantial body of literature on graduate medical education (GME). However, this body of literature is diverse and has not yet been characterized.

Objective.—

To chart the concepts, research methods, and publication patterns of studies on GME in pathology.

Data Sources.—

This was a systematic scoping review covering all literature produced since 1980 in the PubMed and Embase databases.

Conclusions.—

Research on GME in pathology is evenly dispersed across educational topics. This body of literature would benefit from research based on theory, stronger study designs, and studies that can provide evidence to support decisions on educational policies.
Social Media as a Means for Everyday Advocacy
Authors: Price Anne
Published: April 2023

Over the past several years, the power of social media to create connections through the pandemic has had both positive and negative impacts. Libraries make use of social media as a marketing tool, a public forum, and as a digital third place for programming and community connection.Most libraries use social media to communicate the needs of the library and patrons, and as a means to connect with community partners and stakeholders. I’ve spent the last eight years working in rural and remote libraries in Wyoming, New Mexico, and Nebraska, and each has used social media to their advantage in community engagement.
Overview of Statistical Concepts for Interpreting Data and Clinical Trial Results
Authors: Baum Jones Amy
Published: April 2023

Statistical concepts such as p-value, confidence interval, measures of central tendency, and relative ratio are commonly used by clinicians for data interpretation. This article will serve as a refresher for these concepts and give readers an idea of their practical application. Healthcare providers can use this knowledge to identify clinical relevance as well as any misinterpretation or misrepresentation of data.
Hak Mogok: Sebuah Studi Kasus Tentang Justiacibility Hak-Hak Ekonomi, Sosial Dan Budaya
Authors: Tambunan Rita Olivia
Published: April 2023

The Following article discusses  the issue of labor,  in particular about the right to strike in Indonesia. The author arguing that the right to strike is a justiciable right. The acknowledgment  of the existence of  the right to strike has been clarified in several international and regional conventions on human rights. Even though Indonesia has been ratified the /LO Convention No 98 -  which explicitly acknowledge the right to strike as a justiciable right -  in the reality the application of the /LO Convention principals is very bad.  Since 25 March 2003, Act No.  13 of the year 2003 on matters pertaining on manpower has been put into force.  This act potentially triggers violations on several labor and labor union fundamental  rights, which legally and systematically happenned.  State,  again~ face two dillematic concepts: to give priority on protection  toward labor fundamental  rights or  to give priority to "economic development'
Monitoring Anggaran Negara: Upaya Mendorong Realisasi Progresif Hak Ekosob Oleh Negara
Authors: D Indriaswati
Published: April 2023

The  broaden  strive for  the fulfillment  of economic, social and cultural rights  in  turn  bring  up  the  budget  monitoring works  by  the  civil society. This paper  clearly discuss  the progressive  realizatzon  concept in the fulfillment   of  economic, social  and  cultural rights and  budget  monitoring as a tool  to evaluate the  implementation  of progressive  realization.   The  writer explain  several budget monitoring activities in India, South  Africa and Mexico as interesting comparative study  with  the  budget  monitoring  activities in Indonesia
Pelaksanaan ICCPR dan ICESCR dalam Konteks Rencana Aksi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (RAN-HAM) 2004-2009
Authors: Santika Adhi
Published: April 2023

Indonesia's diverse geography,politics, economic, religion, culture and language contribute to wide diversity in the enjoyment of human  rights. The dignity o] indi• vidual cannot and should not be divided into two spheres - that of civil and politi• cal rights and that of economic, social and cultural rights. Individual must be able to enjoy freedom of wants as well as freedom from fear. The ultimate goal of ensur• ing respect for the dignity of individual  cannot be achieved without that person's enjoying all of his or her rights.  The National Plan of Action on Human  Rights in Indonesia  is intended  as a guidance  and general plan  to enhance the efforts in increasing the respect, promotion, fulfillment and protection human  rights. The 2004-2009 Nation Plan ofAction on Human Rights is a continuation of the Nation Plan of Action on Human Rights for the year 1998-2003. The new plan of action is intended to complete the unfinished  works in the previous period
Hak Asasi Manusia di Dunia yang Terglobalisasi: Paradoks Janji-Janji Kosong
Authors: Hofner-Burton Emilie M , Tsuits Kiyoteru
Published: April 2023

The authors examine the impact of the international  human  rights regime on governments' human rights practices. They propose an explanation that highlights a  "paradox of empty promises". Their core arguments are that the global institutionalization  of human  rights has created an international  context in which (1) governments  often ratify human  rights treaties as a matter of window dressing, radically decoupling policy from practice and at times exacerbating negative human rights practices, but (2) the emergent global legitimacy of human rights exerts independent global civil society effects that improve states' actual human  rights practices. The authors' statistical analyses on a comprehensive sample of government repression from 1976 to 1999 find support for their argument.