bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Synergetic Trilayered TiO2 Photoanodes Based on a Flexible Nanotube Array/Ti Substrate for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Xueqin , Li Zhen , Cao Ya , Li Yinchang , Zhao Yanli
Published: September 2016

A TiO2 photoelectrode on flexible Ti substrate for dye‐sensitized solar cells was constructed via layer‐by‐layer assembly of one‐dimensional (1D) nanotube arrays (bottom layer), three‐dimensional (3D) microsized leaves (intermediate layer), and zero‐dimensional (0D) TiO2 nanoparticles (top layer) generated by anodic oxidation, hydrothermal treatment, and screen coating, respectively. The novel 1D‐3D buxus‐liked bilayer presents superior light scattering and favorable charge collection. After integrating 14 μm TiO2 nanoparticles with a 12 μm buxus‐like double‐layered photoanode, an excellent power conversion efficiency of 8.02 % (short circuit current density Jsc=17.03 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage Voc=0.78 V, and fill factor FF=60.4 %) was obtained that outperformed a cell based on titanium nanotube arrays–TiO2 nanoparticles with a similar film thickness (6.30 %).
Vinylanthracene‐Based Compounds as Electron‐Rich Sensors for Explosives Recognition
Authors: Chowdhury Aniket , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: September 2016

Four new vinylanthracene‐based fluorescent molecules were synthesized and characterized. The highly fluorescent vinylanthracene moiety was coupled with the ethynylbenzene group to yield rigid and electron‐rich π systems, which were utilized as selective and sensitive probes for picric acid in both the solution and solid states. In solution, the molecules demonstrated signal amplification by a combined effect of photo‐induced electron transfer and resonance energy transfer, whereas in the solid state the enhanced sensitivity was attributed to a collective effect of PET and exciton migration among closely spaced molecules. In direct contact mode experiments, thin films of the molecules demonstrated discernible changes in fluorescent intensity, which shows that the molecules are potential materials for in‐the‐field applications.
A Benefit–Risk Analysis Approach to Capture Regulatory Decision‐Making: Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Raju GK , Gurumurthi K , Domike R , Kazandjian D , Blumenthal G , Pazdur R , Woodcock J
Published: September 2016

Drug regulators around the world make decisions about drug approvability based on qualitative benefit–risk analyses. There is much interest in quantifying regulatory approaches to benefit and risk. In this work the use of a quantitative benefit–risk analysis was applied to regulatory decision‐making about new drugs to treat advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Benefits and risks associated with 20 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decisions associated with a set of candidate treatments submitted between 2003 and 2015 were analyzed. For benefit analysis, the median overall survival (OS) was used where available. When not available, OS was estimated based on overall response rate (ORR) or progression‐free survival (PFS). Risks were analyzed based on magnitude (or severity) of harm and likelihood of occurrence. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was explored to demonstrate analysis of systematic uncertainty. FDA approval decision outcomes considered were found to be consistent with the benefit–risk logic.
5,6‐ and 6,6‐Membered Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes Based on Functionalized Carboxamides with Ancillary Sulfur and Nitrogen Donors
Authors: Churusova Svetlana G. , Aleksanyan Diana V. , Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Novikov Valentin V. , Pavlov Alexander A. , Denisov Gleb L. , Klemenkova Zinaida S. , Kozlov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2016

New multidentate ligands have been synthesized by the condensation of 2‐(methylsulfanyl)benzoyl chloride with a range of amines bearing ancillary N or S donors. In reactions with PdCl2(NCPh)2, the ligands smoothly underwent direct cyclopalladation to give pincer complexes with 5,6‐ or 6,6‐membered fused metallocycles. The oxidation of the sulfide ligands with H2O2 afforded the corresponding sulfoxide derivatives, which readily formed analogous pincer complexes with the PdII ions. The realization of κ3‐S,N,X coordination (X = N or S) was confirmed by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopic data and, in some cases, X‐ray crystallography. An unusual dynamic behavior of the 6,6‐membered S,N,S complex with an organophosphorus ligand was additionally studied by the ROESY technique. All of the palladocycles obtained were tested as precatalysts for the Suzuki cross‐coupling of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids, which allowed us to evaluate the main structure–activity relationships.
Synthesis of 3‐Acetoxyoxindole Derivatives by Metal‐Free PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Oxidation of 3‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Wang Liang , Qu Xing , Fang Lizhu , Li Zhan , Hu Siqian , Wang Feng
Published: September 2016

A new metal‐free PhI(OAc)2‐mediated oxidation for the synthesis of 3‐acetoxyoxindole derivatives using easily available indoles as starting materials has been developed. This protocol allows efficient access to various densely functionalized 3‐acetoxyoxindoles in moderate to good yields. The experimental results demonstrate that both the electronic properties of the N‐protecting groups of the indoles and also the acidic reaction medium play important roles in this process.
β‐Strand Mimicry: Exploring Oligothienylpyridine Foldamers
Authors: Jouanne Marie , Voisin‐Chiret Anne Sophie , Legay Rémi , Coufourier Sébastien , Rault Sylvain , Sopkova‐de Oliveira Santos Jana
Published: September 2016

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in many cellular processes; consequently, the discovery of small molecules as modulators of PPIs has become an important challenge in medicinal chemistry. Structural mimetics of α‐helices, β‐turns or β‐strands could maintain or restore biological functions and should possess biological activity. At this time, the most challenging classes of PPIs are those mediated by β‐sheet interactions, which are implicated in a number of diseases. Only a few β‐strand mimics have been published to date. This study presents an evaluation of oligothienylpyridyl scaffolds in view of their ability for β‐strand mimicry. In this study, theoretical ring twist angle predictions for these scaffolds have been validated by X‐ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations with NMR constraints. Careful choice of substituent and heavy‐atom positions in the foldamer units opens the way to produce reasonably coplanar compounds mimicking β‐strand side‐chain distribution.
Extractive disruption process integration using ultrasonication and an aqueous two‐phase system for protein recovery from Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Phong Win Nee , Le Cheng Foh , Show Pau Loke , Chang Jo‐Shu , Ling Tau Chuan
Published: September 2016

Microalgae emerge as the most promising protein sources for aquaculture industry. However, the commercial proteins production at low cost remains a challenge. The process of harnessing microalgal proteins involves several steps such as cell disruption, isolation and extraction. The discrete processes are generally complicated, time‐consuming and costly. To date, the notion of integrating microalgal cell disruption and proteins recovery process into one step is yet to explore. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of applying methanol/potassium ATPS in the integrated process for proteins recovery from Chlorella sorokiniana. Parameters such as salt types, salt concentrations, methanol concentrations, NaCl addition were optimized. The possibility of upscaling and the effectiveness of recycling the phase components were also studied. The results showed that ATPS formed by 30% (w/w) K3PO4 and 20% (w/w) methanol with 3% (w/w) NaCl addition was optimum for proteins recovery. In this system, the partition coefficient and yield were 7.28 and 84.23%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the partition coefficient and yield when the integrated process was upscaled to 100‐fold. The recovered phase components can still be recycled effectively at fifth cycle. In conclusions, this method is simple, rapid, environmental friendly and could be implemented at large scale.
Prediction of rainfall‐induced shallow landslides in the Loess Plateau, Yan'an, China, using the TRIGRS model
Authors: Zhuang Jianqi , Peng Jianbing , Wang Gonghui , Iqbal Javed , Wang Ying , Li Wei , Xu Qiang , Zhu Xinghua
Published: September 2016

In this work, a transient rainfall infiltration and grid‐based regional slope‐stability model (TRIGRS) was implemented in a case study of Yan'an City, Northwest China. In this area, widespread shallow landslides were triggered by the 12 July 2013 exceptional rainstorm event. A high‐resolution DEM, soil parameters from in‐situ and laboratory measurements, water table depths, the maximum depth of precipitation infiltration and rain‐gauge‐corrected precipitation of the event, were used as inputs in the TRIGRS model. Shallow landslides triggered on the same day were used to evaluate the modeling results. The summarized results are as follows: (i) The characteristics and distribution of thirty‐five shallow landslides triggered by the 12 July 2013 rainfall event were identified in the study area and all were classified as shallow landslides with the maximum depth, area and volume less than 3 m, 200 m2 and 1000 m3, respectively, (ii) Four intermediate factor of safety (FS) maps were generated using the TRIGRS model to represent the scenarios 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the storm event. The area with FS < 1 increased with the rainfall duration. The percentage of the area with FS < 1 was 0.2%, 3.3%, 3.8% and 5.1% for the four stages, respectively. Twenty‐four hours after the rainstorm, TRIGRS predicted that 1255 grid cells failed, which is consistent with the field data. (iii) TRIGRS generated more satisfactory results at a given precipitation threshold than SINMAP, which is ideal for landslide hazard zoning for land‐use planning at the regional scale. Comparison results showed that TRIGRS is more useful for landslide prediction for a certain precipitation threshold, also in the regional scale. (iv) Analysis of the responses of loess slope prone to slope failure after different precipitation scenarios revealed that loess slopes are particularly sensitive to extended periods of heavy precipitation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in head and neck squamous cell papillomas
Authors: Donà Maria Gabriella , Pichi Barbara , Rollo Francesca , Gheit Tarik , Laquintana Valentina , Covello Renato , Pescarmona Edoardo , Spriano Giuseppe , Pellini Raul , Giuliani Massimo , Tommasino Massimo , Benevolo Maria
Published: September 2016

Background

Conflicting data exist regarding the contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) to the development of head and neck squamous cell papillomas.

Methods

Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded papillomas were tested for 28 mucosal and 79 cutaneous HPVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods.

Results

Eighty‐three papillomas (43 oropharyngeal, 31 oral, 6 laryngeal, and 3 nasopharyngeal) were analyzed. Twenty‐four samples (28.9%) harbored mucosal HPVs: 3 oropharyngeal (6.9%), 15 oral (48.3%), 4 laryngeal (66.7%), and 2 nasopharyngeal papillomas (66.7%). Eighty‐one cases were also tested for cutaneous HPVs, detected in 16 lesions (19.7%): 11 (13.5%) harbored only cutaneous types, and 5 (6.2%) were positive for both cutaneous and mucosal HPVs. Among these 81 cases, prevalence of mucosal and/or cutaneous HPV infection was 43.2%.

Conclusion

HPV DNA detection in a fraction of head and neck papillomas supports the role of HPV in their development. However, other markers need to be considered to confirm the association of HPV infection with these lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 254–259, 2017
The effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles in a porous medium
Authors: Bai Bing , Long Fei , Rao Dengyu , Xu Tao
Published: September 2016

The main purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of temperature on the seepage transport of suspended particles (SP) with a median diameter of 10–47 μm in a porous medium for various seepage velocities. The results show that the rise of temperature accelerates the irregular movements of SPs in the porous medium and reduces their migration velocity. As a result, the pore volume corresponding to the peak value of the breakthrough curves is apparently delayed, and the peak value in the effluent is decreased. The migration velocity of SPs decreases with increasing particle size, regardless of the Darcy velocity and temperature. The longitudinal dispersivity of SPs decreases slightly with increasing temperature and then remains almost unchanged. Larger particles experience more irregular movements induced by the limit of pore size, which leads to a larger dispersivity. The deposition coefficient increases with increasing temperature, especially in the case of a high seepage velocity, and then tends to be stable. The deposition coefficient for large‐sized particles is higher than that for small‐sized particles, which can be attributed to the restriction of large‐sized particles by the narrow pores in the porous medium. The recovery rate decreases slightly with the increase of temperature until a critical value is reached, beyond which it remains almost unchanged. In summary, temperature is a significant factor affecting the transport and deposition of SPs in the porous medium, and the transport parameters such as particle velocity, dispersivity, and deposition coefficient.
Risk communication in the case of the Fukushima accident: Impact of communication and lessons to be learned
Authors: Perko Tanja
Published: September 2016

Risk communication about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011 was often not transparent, timely, clear, nor factually correct. However, lessons related to risk communication have been identified and some of them are already addressed in national and international communication programmes and strategies. The Fukushima accident may be seen as a practice scenario for risk communication with important lessons to be learned. As a result of risk communication failures during the accident, the world is now better prepared for communication related to nuclear emergencies than it was 5 years ago The present study discusses the impact of communication, as applied during the Fukushima accident, and the main lessons learned. It then identifies pathways for transparent, timely, clear and factually correct communication to be developed, practiced and applied in nuclear emergency communication before, during, and after nuclear accidents. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:683–686. © 2016 SETAC.
Simplifying the assessment of human breast cancer by mapping a micro‐scale heterogeneity index in optical coherence elastography
Authors: Chin Lixin , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Sampson David D. , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: September 2016

Surgical treatment of breast cancer aims to identify and remove all malignant tissue. Intraoperative assessment of tumor margins is, however, not exact; thus, re‐excision is frequently needed, or excess normal tissue is removed. Imaging methods applicable intraoperatively could help to reduce re‐excision rates whilst minimizing removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been proposed for use in breast‐conserving surgery; however, intraoperative interpretation of complex OCE images may prove challenging. Observations of breast cancer on multiple length scales, by OCE, ultrasound elastography, and atomic force microscopy, have shown an increase in the mechanical heterogeneity of malignant breast tumors compared to normal breast tissue. In this study, a micro‐scale mechanical heterogeneity index is introduced and used to form heterogeneity maps from OCE scans of 10 ex vivo human breast tissue samples. Through comparison of OCE, optical coherence tomography images, and corresponding histology, malignant tissue is shown to possess a higher heterogeneity index than benign tissue. The heterogeneity map simplifies the contrast between tumor and normal stroma in breast tissue, facilitating the rapid identification of possible areas of malignancy, which is an important step towards intraoperative margin assessment using OCE.

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Comparison of dextran‐based sirolimus‐eluting stents and PLA‐based sirolimus‐eluting stents in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lee So‐Youn , Bae In‐Ho , Park Dae Sung , Jang Eun‐Jae , Shim Jae‐Won , Lim Kyung Seob , Park Jun‐Kyu , Sim Doo Sun , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to compare dextran and Poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) polymer stent coatings as mediators for sirolimus (SRL) drug elution in a porcine coronary model. The bare metal stent (BMS) surface was first coated with a layer of SRL and then either dextran (DSS, a natural polymer) or PLA (PSS, a synthetic polymer). The release velocity of SRL was slightly faster in DSS than PSS over the first 7 days (78.5% and 62.3%, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05) and continued to 28 days in both groups. The contact angle was dramatically decreased in DSS (38.7° ± 1.24) compared to BMS and PSS groups (72.7° ± 5.32 and 81.1º ± 1.70, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cell migration was arrested in both the DSS and PSS‐treated groups compared to that in the nontreated group (4.2% ± 0.31, 5.8% ± 0.60, 80.0% ± 4.4, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). In the animal study, there were no significant differences in the injury score, the internal elastic lamina, and the lumen area among the groups. However, percent area stenosis was significantly decreased in the SRL‐containing group (27.5% ± 2.52 in DSS and 27.9% ± 3.30 in PSS) compared to BMS (35.9% ± 3.51, p < 0.05). The fibrin score was higher in the PSS (2.9 ± 0.31) than BMS (2.1 ± 0.12) and DSS (2.5 ± 0.66). The inflammation score in the DSS (0.7 ± 0.21) was similar to that in the BMS (0.7 ± 0.12), which was dramatically lower than that PSS (1.5 ± 0.18, p < 0.005). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that endothelialization was increased and inflammation prevented in the DSS. These results suggest that dextran may be useful for the fabrication of drug eluting stent as an alternative existing synthetic polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 301–310, 2017.
Biokinetics and tissue response to ultrananocrystalline diamond nanoparticles employed as coating for biomedical devices
Authors: Tasat Deborah R. , Bruno Marcos E. , Domingo Mariela , Gurman Pablo , Auciello Orlando , Paparella María L. , Evelson Pablo , Guglielmotti María B. , Olmedo Daniel G.
Published: September 2016

Although Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been proposed as a coating material for titanium biomedical implants, the biological effects and toxicity of UNCD particles that could eventually detach have not been studied to date. The biokinetics and biological effects of UNCD compared to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was evaluated in vivo using Wistar rats (n = 30) i.p. injected with TiO2, UNCD or saline solution. After 6 months, blood, lung, liver, and kidney samples were histologically analyzed. Oxidative damage by membrane lipidperoxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances‐TBARS), generation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion‐
), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase‐SOD, catalase‐CAT) was evaluated in lung and liver. Histologic observation showed agglomerates of TiO2 or UNCD in the parenchyma of the studied organs, though there were fewer UNCD than TiO2 deposits. In addition, TiO2 caused areas compatibles with foci of necrosis in the liver and renal hyaline cylinders. Regarding UNCD, no membrane damage (TBARS) or mobilization of enzymatic antioxidants was observed either in lung or liver samples. No variations in
generation were observed in lung (Co: 35.1 ± 4.02 vs. UNCD: 48 ± 9.1, p > 0.05). Conversely, TiO2 exposure caused production of
in alveolar macrophages and consumption of catalase (p < 0.05). The studied parameters suggest that UNCD caused neither biochemical nor histological alterations, and therefore may prove useful as a surface coating for biomedical implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2408–2415, 2017.
Cyclic Tensile Strain Reduces TNF‐α Induced Expression of MMP‐13 by Condylar Temporomandibular Joint Cells
Authors: Tabeian Hessam , Bakker Astrid D. , Betti Beatriz F. , Lobbezoo Frank , Everts Vincent , de Vries Teun J.
Published: September 2016

To investigate whether the disproportionate degradation of mandibular condyle cartilage in arthritic juvenile temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is related to distinctive responses of TMJ‐derived cells to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and whether mechanical loading affects this response. The effect of TNF‐α (0.1–10 ng/ml) was tested on juvenile porcine TMJ cells isolated from the condyle, fossa, and disc, grown in 3D agarose gels. Expression of anabolic and catabolic factors was quantified by RT‐qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Condylar cells were stimulated for 12 h with TNF‐α (10 ng/ml), followed by 8 h of 6% cyclic tensile strain, and gene expression of MMPs was quantified. TNF‐α (10 ng/ml) reduced the expression of the matrix proteins collagen types I and II after 6 h of incubation. Aggrecan gene expression was increased in the presence of 0.1 ng/ml TNF‐α. The fossa and disc cells responded to TNF‐α with an increased expression of the aggrecanase ADAMTS4. TNF‐α enhanced MMP‐13 gene and protein expression only by condylar cells. Mechanical loading reduced this effect. Cells isolated from the different cartilaginous structures reacted differently to TNF‐α. Since the disc and fossa contain a very low level of proteoglycans in comparison to the condyle, the role played by ADAMTS4 in degradation of the fossa and disc might be limited. TNF‐α induced MMP‐13 expression by condylar cells might be involved in the degradation of the juvenile condyle. Since this expression was reduced by mechanical loading, functional loading with oral physiotherapy or orthodontic activators may help to reduce the catabolic effect of TNF‐α. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1287–1294, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropathic pain following traumatic spinal cord injury: Models, measurement, and mechanisms
Authors: Kramer John L.K. , Minhas Nikita K. , Jutzeler Catherine R. , Erskine Erin L.K.S. , Liu Lisa J.W. , Ramer Matt S.
Published: September 2016

Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) is notoriously difficult to treat and is a high priority for many in the SCI population. Resolving this issue requires animal models fidelic to the clinical situation in terms of injury mechanism and pain phenotype. This Review discusses the means by which neuropathic pain has been induced and measured in experimental SCI and compares these with human outcomes, showing that there is a substantial disconnection between experimental investigations and clinical findings in a number of features. Clinical injury level is predominantly cervical, whereas injury in the laboratory is modeled mainly at the thoracic cord. Neuropathic pain is primarily spontaneous or tonic in people with SCI (with a relatively smaller incidence of allodynia), but measures of evoked responses (to thermal and mechanical stimuli) are almost exclusively used in animals. There is even the question of whether pain per se has been under investigation in most experimental SCI studies rather than simply enhanced reflex activity with no affective component. This Review also summarizes some of the problems related to clinical assessment of neuropathic pain and how advanced imaging techniques may circumvent a lack of patient/clinician objectivity and discusses possible etiologies of neuropathic pain following SCI based on evidence from both clinical studies and animal models, with examples of cellular and molecular changes drawn from the entire neuraxis from primary afferent terminals to cortical sensory and affective centers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Severe Drought on the Evolution of Urban and Manure Wastes in an Agricultural Soil in Mediterranean Ecosystems
Authors: Franco‐Andreu Luis , Gomez Isidoro , Parrado Juan , Knicker Heike , Tejada Manuel
Published: September 2016

In semi‐arid Mediterranean soils, water availability is the most limiting factor, negatively affecting the organic matter (OM) degradation. The aim of this work is to study under controlled laboratory conditions how three sources of OM [municipal solid waste (MSW), sheep manure (SM) and cow manure (CM)] behave when they are applied to an agricultural soil subjected to a severe year‐long drought. In order to apply the same concentration of OM to the soil (16·92 Mg OM ha−1), 2 kg of soil was mixed with 30, 67·41 and 55·25 Mg ha−1(dry matter) of MSW, CM and SM, respectively. Two levels of irrigation were employed: (i) watered soils and (ii) non‐watered soils. Soil's chemical properties [water soluble carbon (WSC), humic acids, fulvic acids and protein mass distribution], biological properties (soil microbial biomass carbon ando‐diphenoloxidase activity) and solid‐state13C cross‐polarisation magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were determined. In watered soils, the soil microbial biomass carbon was higher in the SM than in CM and MSW treatments (9·9% and 23·1%, respectively). The WSC was significantly higher in SM than in CM (55·7%) and MSW (78·7%) treatments. A decrease in the content ofO‐alkyl C and an increase in alkyl C, aromatic C and carboxyl C were observed. In non‐watered soils, the biochemical properties and alkyl C and alkyl/O‐alkyl ratio decreased, whereas WSC content andO‐alkyl C increased. These results indicated that the evolution of OM and the activity of the microbial community in non‐watered soils were very different to those in the watered soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valve Tissue Engineering with Living Absorbable Threads
Authors: Liberski Albert Ryszard , Raynaud Christophe Michel , Ayad Nadia , Wojciechowska Dorota , Sathappan Abbirami
Published: September 2016

Tissue engineering (TE) depends on the population of scaffolds with appropriate cells, arranged in a specific physiological direction using a variety of techniques. Here, a novel technique of creating “living threads” is described based on thin (poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibers of different diameters (23–243 μm). The fibers readily attract human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are firmly adhered. These versatile fibers can be used to produce dimensional shapes identical in shape to the cup‐like structure of a normal human valve, while preserving the specific orientation of both the cells and the fibers. The MSCs on leaflets and the cells cultured in flask shown similar epitopes expression when analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Together, these characteristics have important functional implications as living absorbable fibers can be a valuable resource in TE of living tissues, including heart valves.

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Iron‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF) as Photocatalysts for Radical and Cationic Polymerizations under Near UV and Visible LEDs (385–405 nm)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dumur Frederic , Horcajada Patricia , Livage Carine , Xiao Pu , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques
Published: September 2016

Photoinitiating systems consisting of a highly porous iron(III)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), an iodonium salt, and N‐vinylcarbazole are developed to initiate the free radical promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides under air and the free radical polymerization of acrylates in laminate upon exposure to near UV (385 nm) or visible (405 nm) light‐emitting diodes. These systems present a satisfactory initiating ability. Among the five tested iron carboxylate MOFs exhibiting different compositions and topologies, the flexible microporous iron(III) terephthalate MIL53 is particularly interesting, leading to a final conversion of 58% for the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides. This provides the possibility of designing MOF/polymer composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties through the in situ incorporation of the MOF structure during the photopolymerization process.

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Locally finite ω‐languages and effective analytic sets have the same topological complexity
Authors: Finkel Olivier
Published: September 2016

Local sentences and the formal languages they define were introduced by Ressayre in . We prove that locally finite ω‐languages and effective analytic sets have the same topological complexity: the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of the class of locally finite ω‐languages are equal to the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of the class of effective analytic sets. In particular, for each non‐null recursive ordinal there exist some ‐complete and some ‐complete locally finite ω‐languages, and the supremum of the set of Borel ranks of locally finite ω‐languages is the ordinal , which is strictly greater than the first non‐recursive ordinal . This gives an answer to the question of the topological complexity of locally finite ω‐languages, which was asked by Simonnet and also by Duparc, Finkel, and Ressayre in . Moreover we show that the topological complexity of a locally finite ω‐language defined by a local sentence φ may depend on the models of the Zermelo‐Fraenkel axiomatic system . Using similar constructions as in the proof of the above results we also show that the equivalence, the inclusion, and the universality problems for locally finite ω‐languages are ‐complete, hence highly undecidable.
There are no very meager sets in the model in which both the Borel Conjecture and the dual Borel Conjecture are true
Authors: Shelah Saharon , Wohofsky Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

We show that the model for the simultaneous consistency of the Borel Conjecture and the dual Borel Conjecture given in  actually satisfies a stronger version of the dual Borel Conjecture: there are no uncountable very meager sets.
Parameter identification for short fiber‐reinforced plastics using optimal experimental design
Authors: Herzog Roland , Ospald Felix
Published: September 2016

This article is concerned with the identification of stiffness parameters for short fiber‐reinforced plastic materials, produced by injection molding and modeled by an orientation averaged transversely isotropic material law. Experiments are carried out in the form of computer simulations for a representative volume element of the material. The goal is to robustly identify the parameters with the fewest number of representative volume element simulations and such that the macroscopic model response attains a minimal variance for arbitrary strains and fiber orientations. Our approach carries over to problems involving anisotropic viscosity, thermal expansion and conductivity, and structurally similar problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology optimization of plane structures using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Lin Jun , Guan Yanjin , Zhao Guoqun , Naceur Hakim , Lu Ping
Published: September 2016

This paper presents an alternative topology optimization method based on an efficient meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm. To currently calculate the objective compliance, the deficiencies in standard SPH method are eliminated by introducing corrective smoothed particle method and total Lagrangian formulation. The compliance is established relative to a designed density variable at each SPH particle which is updated by optimality criteria method. Topology optimization is realized by minimizing the compliance using a modified solid isotropic material with penalization approach. Some numerical examples of plane elastic structure are carried out and the results demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed SPH method in the topology optimization problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An 11‐year experience of acquired von Willebrand syndrome in children diagnosed with Wilms tumour in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Fosbury Emma , Szychot Elwira , Slater Olga , Mathias Mary , Sibson Keith
Published: September 2016

Wilms tumour (WT) is the commonest primary malignant renal tumour of childhood. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (avWS) is a well‐described paraneoplastic phenomenon, but it is uncommon and may not be detected until clinically significant bleeding is encountered during interventional procedures. Previous studies on small cohorts of patients have determined an incidence of between 4 and 8%. We have performed a retrospective study on cases of WT presenting over an 11.5‐year period to a paediatric haematology/oncology unit in a tertiary referral centre to review the incidence of avWS, bleeding phenotype, management, and response to treatment of the primary pathology.
Nitrogen rich hyperbranched polyurethane‐carbon nanohorn composite: Implications on the development of multifunctional coatings
Authors: Pilla Srinivasarao , Gaddam Rohit Ranganathan , Narayan Ramanuj , Raju K. V. S. N.
Published: September 2016

In the present report, we demonstrate the advantages associated with a multifaceted coating comprising of single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWNH) and hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU). To synthesize the HBPU, we utilized sebacic acid and triethanolamine as starting materials employing traditional polycondensation reaction; A3 + B4 approach. The degree of branching as estimated from NMR was found to be ∼60%, indicating a good branching profile. Prepared nitrogen rich HBPU coatings exhibited good corrosion resistance and adhesion to the substrate. Furthermore, an in situ blend of pyrene and functionalized carbon nanohorns (f‐SWNH) were introduced within the HBPU matrix to impart additional properties. The obtained HBPU‐SWNH composites (CNH‐PU) exhibited superior storage modulus (∼1081 MPa), lower corrosion rate (6.16 × 10−5 mm/year), excellent flexibility, and exceptional thermo‐mechanical properties along with fluorescence (due to pyrene moiety). The properties displayed by the composite coatings were much higher as compared to the HBPU in the absence of synergism. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E772–E779, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Use of direct oral anticoagulants in thromboembolic disease
Authors: Wilson Matthew R , Docherty Kieran F , Gardner Roy S
Published: September 2016

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer several advantages over warfarin in the management of thromboembolic disease. This article discusses their indications, mode of action, side‐effects and interactions.
Ensuring NICE's strategy is fit for the future
Authors: Dowden Angela
Published: September 2016

Professor David Haslam CBE has been chairman of NICE since 2013. A GP in Cambridgeshire for many years, Haslam's gilded professional life has also included a stint as president of the BMA (2011–12), and as president (2006–9) and chairman (2001–4) of the RCGP. He talks to Angela Dowden about his current position and his perspective on NICE's work and future prospects.
Effect of a rapid thermal annealing process on the electrical properties of an aluminum‐doped indium zinc tin oxide thin film transistor
Authors: Nam Yunyong , Yang Jong‐Heon , Jeong Pilseong , Kwon Oh‐Sang , Pi Jae‐Eun , Cho Sung Haeng , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Ahn Jeahan , Ji Sanghyun , Park Sang‐Hee Ko
Published: September 2016

We report the effect of a rapid thermal annealing process (RTP) on the electrical properties of an aluminum‐doped indium zinc tin oxide (Al‐IZTO) thin film transistor (TFT) with a back‐channel etched (BCE) structure. First, the RTP temperatures were varied from 250 to 350 °C, and their effect on Al‐IZTO TFT was investigated. The 250 °C RTP produced the best transfer characteristics (subthreshold swing = 0.11 V/dec, hysteresis = −0.25 V, and mobility = 26.42 cm2 V−1s−1), and as the temperature increased, the TFTs showed slightly degraded properties in hysteresis and subthreshold swing. Through the transmission line method (TLM), the channel shortening effect and contact properties according to the annealing temperature were studied. The reliability against a negative gate bias stress under illumination (NBIS) was also analyzed. At high RTP temperature (>300 °C), stability under NBIS was considerably improved, and the 350 °C RTP device showed turn‐on voltage shift of −1.7 V. The microwave photoconductivity decay (μ‐PCD) method revealed that the RTP effectively reduced shallow localized states, which enhanced the NBIS stability at high temperature. Finally, the RTP was compared with the conventional furnace process at the same temperature in terms of transfer characteristics and uniformity. Even with a much shorter process time for the RTP, Al‐IZTO TFTs exhibited similar or better transfer properties and uniformity to or than the furnace annealing.
A strategy for recovering continuous behavioral telemetry data from Pacific walruses
Authors: Fischbach Anthony , Jay Chadwick V.
Published: September 2016

Tracking animal behavior and movement with telemetry sensors can offer substantial insights required for conservation. Yet, the value of data collected by animal‐borne telemetry systems is limited by bandwidth constraints. To understand the response of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) to rapid changes in sea ice availability, we required continuous geospatial chronologies of foraging behavior. Satellite telemetry offered the only practical means to systematically collect such data; however, data transmission constraints of satellite data‐collection systems limited the data volume that could be acquired. Although algorithms exist for reducing sensor data volumes for efficient transmission, none could meet our requirements. Consequently, we developed an algorithm for classifying hourly foraging behavior status aboard a tag with limited processing power. We found a 98% correspondence of our algorithm's classification with a test classification based on time–depth data recovered and characterized through multivariate analysis in a separate study. We then applied our algorithm within a telemetry system that relied on remotely deployed satellite tags. Data collected by these tags from Pacific walruses across their range during 2007–2015 demonstrated the consistency of foraging behavior collected by this strategy with data collected by data logging tags; and demonstrated the ability to collect geospatial behavioral chronologies with minimal missing data where recovery of data logging tags is precluded. Our strategy for developing a telemetry system may be applicable to any study requiring intelligent algorithms to continuously monitor behavior, and then compress those data into meaningful information that can be efficiently transmitted. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photocatalytic Activities of Three Copper Coordination Polymers Based on Bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)benzene/3‐(2‐Pyridyl)pyrazole
Authors: Yang Xian‐Jiong , Zhang Qi‐Long
Published: September 2016

Three copper(II) coordination polymers (CuCPs), namely, [Cu0.5(1,4‐bib)(SO4)0.5]n (1), {[Cu(1,3‐bib)2(H2O)]·SO4·H2O}n (2), and [Cu(bpz)(SO4)0.5]n (3), were assembled from the reaction of three N‐donors [1,4‐bib = 1,4‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)benzene, 1,3‐bib = 1,3‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)benzene, and Hbpz = 3‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazole] with copper sulfate under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses (EA), IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Structure analyses reveal that complex 1 is a 3D 6‐connected {412·63}‐pcu net, complex 2 is a fourfold 3D 4‐connected 66‐dia net, whereas complex 3 is a 1D snake‐like chain, which further expanded into 3D supramolecular architectures with the help of C–H···O hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the photocatalytic tests demonstrate that the obtained CuCPs are photocatalysts in the degradation of MB with the efficiency is 86.4 % for 1, 75.3 % for 2, and 91.3 % for 3 after 2 h, respectively.
Zinc Bis(triphenylsilyl) Stabilized by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Lemmerz Lara E. , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun
Published: September 2016

Triphenylsilylzinc compounds stabilized by an N‐heterocyclic carbene, [Zn(SiPh3)2(IMes)] (2) and [ZnX(SiPh3)(IMes)] [X = Cl (3a), Br (3b), I (3c)] [IMes = 1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene], were synthesized by transmetalation from [ZnX2(IMes)(THF)0–1] [X = Cl (1a), Br (1b), I (1c)] and [LiSiPh3(THF)3]. According to single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, [Zn(SiPh3)2(IMes)] (2) shows a trigonal‐planar coordinated central zinc atom, whereas [ZnCl(SiPh3)(IMes)(THF)] (3a‐THF) shows a distorted tetrahedral coordination.
Micropolar shells with thickness inflation and independent micro‐rotations
Authors: Genovese Dario
Published: September 2016

Starting from constrained three‐dimensional Cosserat elasticity and in a total Lagrangian framework, we derive and discuss a hierarchy of static non‐linear micropolar shell models in which the thickness can stretch, and the independence of the micro‐rotation on the macro‐rotation is not limited to the drilling degree of freedom as in the classical six‐parameter theory. If the thickness stretch is considered, unconstrained quaternions allow a singularity‐free, non redundant and rational parametrization of the strain measures. Emphasis is placed in the discussion of the differences between curvatures, wryness and director deformation strains.
Adsorption Behavior of Trimethylolpropane‐Dehydroabietic Acid Ester at the Air–water Interface
Authors: Zhou Juying , Yang Yanping , Liang Yuyan , Lei Fuhou , Xu Haitang , Lu Jianfang , Zhao Yanzhi , Zhou Yan
Published: September 2016

A novel amphipathic trimethylolpropane‐dehydroabietic acid ester was successfully prepared with acyl chloride method. Various analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the chemical structure of the ester. The surface properties of the ester were investigated by surface tension and resonance light‐scattering techniques. The surfactant molecules are adsorbed at the water–air interface in different adsorption states, i.e., state 1 and 2. The dynamic adsorption behavior was studied by combining experimental results and a reorientation model. The molar fraction of solvent decreased, while the molar fraction of surfactant molecules increased with increasing ester concentration at the surface layer. The adsorption value of state 1 presented a unimodal shape and the adsorption value of state 2 presented an s‐shape with the increase in surface pressure. The free energy of adsorption is −36.06 kJ mol−1, more negative than the free energy of micellization (−29.69 kJ mol−1), it is actually easier for surfactant molecules to adsorb on the air–water interface.
Newly Diagnosed Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Randomized to 2 Trabecular Bypass Stents or Prostaglandin: Outcomes Through 36 Months
Authors: Vold Steven D. , Voskanyan Lilit , Tetz Manfred , Auffarth Gerd , Masood Imran , Au Leon , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. , Saheb Hady
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To examine outcomes through 36 months in phakic eyes with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) naïve to therapy randomized to treatment with two trabecular micro-bypass stents or topical prostaglandin.

Methods

Subjects with POAG naïve to therapy, with intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥21 and ≤40 mmHg, were randomized to implantation of two stents or travoprost. Additional medication was to be prescribed post-treatment for elevated IOP or glaucomatous optic nerve findings. Of 101 randomized subjects, 100 subjects were followed for 24 months and 73 subjects were followed for 36 months. Follow-up on all subjects is ongoing.

Results

In this randomized cohort of 101 POAG subjects, 54 subjects underwent 2-stent surgery and 47 received topical travoprost. Mean pre-treatment IOP was 25.5 ± 2.5 mmHg in stent-treated eyes and 25.1 ± 4.6 mmHg in medication-treated eyes. By 3 years, mean IOP was 14.6 mmHg in stent eyes (with medication added in 6 eyes) and 15.3 mmHg in travoprost eyes (with a second medication added in 11 eyes). In the subset of eyes that did not require additional medical therapy, mean IOP was 14.5 mmHg and 15.7 mmHg in the respective groups. Ninety-one percent of stent eyes had 3-year IOP ≤18 mmHg without additional therapy (62% ≤ 15 mmHg) and 79% of travoprost eyes had 3-year IOP ≤18 mmHg (21% ≤ 15 mmHg). Safety was favorable in both groups.

Conclusions

In this prospective, randomized comparison of subjects with newly diagnosed POAG naïve to therapy, substantial IOP reduction with a favorable low complication rate was shown through 3 years after either 2 trabecular stents implanted as the sole procedure or topical travoprost therapy. These data suggest 2-stent implantation may be a viable initial treatment option comparable to topical prostaglandin in newly diagnosed POAG patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01443988.

Funding

Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA.
Aorta to Right Atrial Tunnel with Postnatal Transcatheter Treatment
Authors: Chidambarathanu Shanthi , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Suresh Indrani , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: September 2016

An antenatal referral for fetal echocardiography at 20 weeks of gestation with the suspicion of a cyst in the right atrium led to the diagnosis of an aorta to right atrial communication in a fetus. It was considered to be right coronary to right atrial fistula by fetal echocardiography. There was no other fetal anomaly and the cardiac hemodynamics remained stable throughout pregnancy. Postnatally, there was a progressive enlargement of the tunnel that led to a decision for intervention. Aortography showed an anterior aorta to right atrial tunnel, which was occluded in the catheterization laboratory. We describe in this report, the antenatal findings noted in ultrasound imaging along with the postnatal presentation and management of this rare congenital anomaly.
Pott's puffy tumor due to Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: AlMoosa Zainab Abdulaziz , AlFawaz Tariq , AlFawaz Fahad
Published: September 2016

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a very rare, nearly forgotten condition. We describe a 9-year-old girl with PPT due to trauma and surgical cultures that revealed Aspergillus fumigatus.
Razones de incumplimiento de los médicos residentes con los cursos universitarios virtuales. Veracruz, México
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Francisco Domingo , Delgado Domínguez Carolina , Quiroz Hernández Francisco Javier
Published: September 2016

Introducción: La Universidad Veracruzana ofreció cursos virtuales del Plan de Estudios General de Especialidades Médicas a los estudiantes de los programas educativos de especialidades médicas, divididos en 17 unidades médicas receptoras de residentes en el estado de Veracruz, para garantizarles el acceso a éstos y el cumplimiento del plan de estudios. A pesar de lo anterior, en 2015 hubo, además de las participaciones nulas, 40.32% de participaciones insuficientes de los médicos residentes en los cursos ofrecidos.
Objetivo: Identificar las razones y su peso, de la participación insuficiente en los cursos virtuales de los médicos residentes durante 2015.
Método: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal. La población de estudiantes fue la de residentes con participación insuficiente en uno o más cursos (n = 1,078). A estos se les aplicó un cuestionario de siete preguntas sobre las posibles razones de participación insuficiente. Para ordenar las razones se calcularon sus pesos. Teóricamente, el mayor peso que puede tener una razón es de 100 y el menor de −100.
Resultados: La razón de mayor peso para una participación insuficiente fue la falta de tiempo debida al exceso de actividades asistenciales y académicas (84.4), seguida de problemas de acceso a internet (48.2). Las razones de menor peso fueron: desinterés (−53.7) y no considerarlo importante para su formación como médicos especialistas (−33.5).
Conclusiones: La normatividad nacional respecto a la formación de médicos especialistas no favorece una relación equilibrada entre las funciones de estudiante y trabajador que tienen los médicos residentes