bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Milk Production and Processing Technology
Authors: Thompkinson D.K. , Sabikhi Latha
Published: May 2023

Dairying is an integral part of the diverse system of agriculture that prevails in India and therefore, plays a vital role in agricultural economy and food production of the country. It provides essential food value in the form of milk and milk products to the millions of the country's inhabitants. Dairying is the major source of income for the rural masses, as about 70% of the population comprises of small, marginal and landless farmers who benefit directly from dairying activities. India has about 15% of the global cattle population, 56% of the world's buffalo population and accounts for 15-16% of the word's annual milk production. The growth in milk production is about 4%. India stands tall among the milk producing countries with an annual production of about 120 million metric tons, though the organized sector handles only about 30% of the total milk produced. The authors with their strengths of academics and research in the discipline of dairy technology have been involved in developing manpower for the dairy industry and imparting training at an institute of national repute. This book is the result of their strong feeling of the need to compile information and integrate traditional and novel technologies that exist worldwide in the processing of liquid milk. The book has been organized in various s that include the history of dairy development in India, procurement and consumption pattern of milk, processing, quality assurance and packaging of fluid milk products and food safety laws. The authors hope that this work will serve the students of dairy technology in the country and also provide a ready reference to the teachers involved in shaping the human resource needs of the Indian dairy industry
Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding
Authors: Thirugnanakumar, S.
Published: May 2023

The present work is unique in that sense it gives formulae along with actual data (analyzed) for the easy understanding. This book is mainly meant for post graduate and research scholars in Quantitative Genetics. A careful perusal of the book will give clear cut idea about the interpretation of the data and formulation of breeding strategies.
Question Bank in Agricultural Microbiology
Authors: Sha Shankar
Published: May 2023

The book is primarily meant for students appearing for competitive examinations such as ARS-NET, ICAR-JRF, ICAR-SRF, GATE and viva voce in Agricultural Microbiology and Microbiology. Agricultural Microbiology is one of the important components of the syllabus in ARS-NET, ICAR-JRF, ICAR-SRF exams. The main aim of this book is to help students to review their knowledge of Agricultural Microbiology acquired through textbooks and to understand the subject with logical reasoning.
Question Bank in Fruit Science
Authors: Jarande Sambhaji D.
Published: May 2023

The present book entitled” Question Bank in Fruit Science” will fulfil a long felt need of Indian students. This volume has been designed to cover the courses offered by various Indian universities for Graduate and Post graduate level and also the ICAR syllabus of various competitive examinations.
Question Bank Agricultural Engineering
Authors: Godara Amandeep
Published: May 2023

The book “Question Bank on Agricultural Engineering” circumscribes the 9 years solved papers of GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) Agricultural Engineering Examination. The book will be suitable enormously to the aspirants preparing for ARS, SRF, JRF, NET, GATE etc. examination. Solved Papers Of 2007 To 2015 have been given in the book to familiarize the aspirants with the current trends of questions asked in these examinations. Attempts have been made to present the book in self- study format. The book is written in simple language and is divided into various chapters, so that students can prepare according to the syllabus.
Retrospective study to identify homocysteine reference intervals in healthy Chinese 60 years of age and above
Authors: Zong Jianmin , Sun Yue
Published: May 2023

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with many age-related diseases. Heterogeneous physiology with aging combined with unresolved assays standardization necessitates the establishment of specific Hcy reference intervals (RIs) applicable to the elderly. This retrospective study aimed to identify Hcy RIs in the elderly aged 60 years and older from a hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods: Data from individuals undergoing routine physical examinations were collected. Hcy were measured on Hitachi 7600 analyzer using hydrolase-based enzymatic cycling method. Outliers were identified by Dixon methods. Age- and gender-specific differences were estimated by nonparametric tests. Factors affected Hcy were assessed using multivariate linear regression. RIs with 90% confidence intervals were determined by nonparametric method. Results: A total of 2594 individuals were included. Hcy levels increased with age (r=0.248, p<0.001). Males have consistently higher Hcy levels (median (interquartile range): 11.95 (8.89-15.30) mmol/L) than females (9.65 (7.05-12.69) mmol/L; p<0.001). Multivariate adjustment analysis showed correlations between Hcy and gender (b=0.188, p<0.001), age (b=0.427, p<0.001) were significant. The Hcy RIs were 5.10-25.46 mmol/L for males, and 4.14-18.91 mmol/L for females, respectively. Conclusions: This study identified ageand gender-specific Hcy RIs in the elderly, which may guide clinicians in interpreting laboratory findings and clinical management.
Sex/gender differences in gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of patients and gastroenterologists
Authors: Kim Nayoung
Published: May 2023

The sex/gender of gastroenterologists impact patients’ satisfaction, compliance, and clinical outcomes. For instance, female gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopist–patient gender concordance improves health-related outcomes. This finding suggests that it is important to increase the number of female GI endoscopists. While the number of women in the field of gastroenterology is increasing in the United States and Korea by over 28.3%, it is not enough to account for the gender preferences of female patients. GI endoscopists are at a high risk of endoscopy-related injuries. However, there is a different distribution of muscle and fat; male endoscopists are more affected in their back, while females are more affected in the upper extremities. Women are more susceptible to endoscopy-related injuries than men. There is a correlation between the number of colonoscopies performed and musculoskeletal pain. Job satisfaction is lower in young female gastroenterologists (30’ and 40’) than in the opposite gender and other ages. Thus, it is important to address these issues in the development of GI endoscopy.
Gender Difference in Serum Levels of Uric Acid in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kalantari Kourosh
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Serum uric acid (SUA) level has been shown to be increased in patients with cardiovascular disease. This increase is generally higher in women than men. However, there is conflicting evidence based on different population. This study was aimed to explore and assed gender-based differences in the level of SUA in an Iranian subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We also investigated the relationship between SUA and clinical characteristics including, BMI, Killip class, hypertension and diabetes. Method: A total of 78 AMI patients, aged 20-90 years, comprised of 39 men and 39 women were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Venous blood samples were drawn from each of the participants after a nocturnal fasting on days 1, 3 and 4. Anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and uric acid level as well as the ejection fraction (EF) were measured using standard protocols. Results: The mean SUA level in women was significantly higher than that in male on days 1,3,4 (P=0.001, 0.002, 0.03 respectively). A strong association was found between SUA on day 3 and hypertension, even after adjustment for BMI (OR=2.29, 95% CI, 1.21-4.3). There was also a significant correlation between SUA and age in women (p=0.03). However, such relationship was no found for diabetes. Conclusion: An increased level of SUA was observed in women. This increment was also associated with hypertension and age in women. Our results suggest a gender differences in the association of SUA level with AMI related adverse events.
Mudanças na percepção da velhice durante uma crise sanitária: da celebração da longevidade à ideia de doença
Authors: Dourado Simone Pereira da Costa , Casteleira Rodrigo Pedro
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo reflete sobre como a pandemia de COVID-19 atualizou estereótipos da velhice e do processo de envelhecimento populacional no mundo. Investigamos diferentes momentos de construção de visões da velhice em documentos produzidos por organismos internacionais responsáveis por debater e propor ações para que o envelhecimento mundial colabore com o desenvolvimento das sociedades e dos estados. Mostramos como, recentemente, há uma atualização da imagem do idoso como um ser frágil, inativo e custoso ao Estado e como tal percepção não combina com os esforços anteriores à pandemia, que celebravam o envelhecimento como uma vitória e o apresentavam como um desafio até chegarmos no contexto em que se tornou possível discutir a classificação da velhice como doença. A metodologia utilizada inclui a análise de documentos oficiais da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e a interpretação dos discursos de representantes da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) entre os meses de dezembro de 2019 e março de 2020. As principais conclusões deste artigo foram a de verificar as disputas existentes nas sociedades ocidentais sobre o debate acerca da velhice e do envelhecimento, a presença de uma narrativa preconceituosa (idadismo) e a associação da velhice à ideia unilateral de vulnerabilidade à Covid-19.
Projeto de extensão universitária em uma comunidade de pessoas idosas em São Paulo durante a pandemia de covid-19: experiências
Authors: Manso Maria Elisa Gonzalez
Published: May 2023

Este artigo busca apresentar a experiencia de um grupo de 48 graduandos das áreas de enfermagem, medicina, nutrição e psicologia de um Centro Universitário, situado no município de São Paulo, junto a um equipamento da proteção social básica voltado para pessoas idosas em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Esses educandos fizeram parte de um projeto de extensão universitária que busca, através do aprendizado da construção de um projeto social voltado para as necessidades da população-alvo, incentivar a inovação, o respeito à diversidade e reforçar o trabalho interdisciplinar e interprofissional.  Uma das linhas de trabalho do projeto é voltada para a população idosa. O projeto foi desenvolvido durante a pandemia de covid-19, durante o período de 2020 a 2022. Para esses graduandos, ouvir histórias de vida de outro grupo de pessoas e poder conviver com elas de uma forma quase profissional, mostrou a eles a importância do respeito, da escuta, da empatia. Ficou claro para o grupo de alunos a autonomia dessas pessoas e como os estereótipos negativos podem limitá-la. Considera-se que o projeto vem contribuindo na consolidação não apenas da aprendizagem, mas, acima de tudo, com um retorno desse aprender à sociedade. Acredita-se que a contribuição não é apenas presente, mas futura, ao trazer importantes reflexões para esses futuros profissionais sobre as múltiplas velhices e suas possibilidades, as desigualdades sociais e as possibilidades de trabalho para além do ambiente hospitalar, de maneira mais humanista e crítica.
Russian influence operations in the wars in Ukraine in 2014 and 2022: active measures and maskirovka
Authors: Staun Jørgen , Eikeland Patrick
Published: May 2023

How does the Russian security and military elite think about influence operations? How have influence operations been used in practice in the two wars in Ukraine, in 2014 and 2022? We explore this by seeking to capture the Russian understanding of influence operations using the concepts “active measures” and “maskirovka”. As might be expected, Russia has used active measures and maskirovka in the wars against Ukraine. The greatest success was in 2014 when Ukraine and the West were virtually caught off guard and Crimea was captured almost without a fight. However, Russian influence operations have also been successful in 2022 invasion, primarily in misleading Ukraine about where the main attack was being launched. A misdirection that could have had fatal consequences for Ukraine.
Kosovo Russia Serbia
Authors: Nyemann Dorthe Bach
Published: May 2023

Kosovo is neither the object nor the target of Russian influence operations. The purpose of delegitimizing Kosovo is to enhance and solidify the alliance between Russia and Serbia and the Serbian minorities across the Balkan region. Russian influence operations support the Serbian political elite by using Russian diplomatic levers and connections. Other Russian influence operations target the public, specifically influential Serbian groups in the right-wing opposition, in the military, and not least through the Orthodox Church throughout the Balkan region. The result is a high level of support for Russia among the Serbian population. This makes it extremely difficult for the Serbian government to make agreements with the EU or NATO and entraps Serbia in an alliance with Russia.
Relação entre depressão e bem-estar subjetivo em pessoas com e sem diagnóstico de transtornos mentais
Authors: Dorta Mirela Alves de Oliveira , Baptista Makilim Nunes
Published: May 2023

Introdução: O bem-estar subjetivo é um construto que visa identificar os fatores positivos dos indivíduos e já a depressão é um transtorno mental. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi correlacionar e comparar esses construtos, bem-estar subjetivo, incluindo satisfação de vida, afetos positivos e afetos negativos e a sintomatologia depressiva, em grupos com e sem transtorno mental prévio. Método: A amostra foi composta por 167 indivíduos, sendo que 74,3% eram pessoas sem diagnóstico de transtorno mental. Foram aplicadas uma ficha sociodemográfica, a Escala Baptista de Depressão – Versão Adulto Breve (EBADEP-A), Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (ESV) e a Escala de Afetos (EA), analisando através da correlação de Pearson, do teste t de Student e da path analysis. Resultados: Ao associar os fatores separados da EA com a EBADEP-A – versão breve, foi verificado uma correlação negativa (r= -0,48; p= 0,001) entre os afetos positivos e depressão e uma correlação positiva (r= 0,55; p=0,001) entre afetos negativos e depressão. Quanto maior foi a satisfação com a vida, também menores foram os sintomas depressivos e os afetos negativos e maiores os afetos positivos no grupo não clínico. Discussão: O bem-estar subjetivo está associado negativamente com a sintomatologia depressiva. Na path analysis foi verificado que a satisfação com a vida e os afetos positivos predisseram negativamente os sintomas depressivos e os afetos negativos predisseram positivamente os sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Quando o indivíduo apresenta diagnóstico de algum transtorno mental, menor é o bem-estar subjetivo e maiores são os sintomas depressivos.
Opiniões de universitários/as sobre a série “Os 13 porquês”: prevenção do suicídio?
Authors: Nunes Sylvia da Silveira , Da Costa Breno Rafael , Moraes Brunno Yan Souza
Published: May 2023

A temática do suicídio é complexa, bem como a busca por sua prevenção. A série “Os 13 porquês” produzida pela Netflix aborda vários temas polêmicos, como bullying, estupro, machismo, homofobia etc, mas tem como mote principal as justificativas para o suicídio de uma jovem. Essa série auxilia na prevenção do suicídio? Ou ao contrário, pode ser um gatilho? Para responder essas perguntas, um questionário contendo questões abertas e fechadas foi elaborado e enviado por email para todos/as estudantes da Universidade Federal de Alfenas, em Minas Gerais. 316 estudantes responderam ao questionário. O presente artigo foca na análise qualitativa das respostas dadas às perguntas abertas. As respostas foram organizadas por meio de 3 categorias: opiniões favoráveis, desfavoráveis e polarizadas em relação à série (compostas por frases que, de alguma forma, juntaram os dois posicionamentos anteriores). Assim, concluímos que a série “Os 13 porquês”, de fato, facilitou o debate sobre o tema suicídio e outras questões polêmicas e difíceis vividas pela juventude atual que aparecem na série, tais como bullying, depressão, abuso sexual, relacionamentos, dentre outros. No entanto, seu formato também foi considerado problemático pelos/as participantes da pesquisa, uma vez que a construção da narrativa da série e das cenas fortes pode até configurar um estímulo para o ato suicida, especificamente, para aqueles/as que já estão em ideação suicida.
Perfil dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso em Psicologia de uma Universidade Federal
Authors: Marques Cury Juliana , Gonçalves Ferreira Heloísa
Published: May 2023

O Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) tem sido o produto final exigido na formação nos cursos de graduação, sendo uma ferramenta importante para desenvolver o raciocínio crítico do aluno, além de propiciar conhecimento científico relevante tanto para o meio acadêmico quanto para a sociedade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi explorar os TCC em Psicologia produzidos entre os anos de 2013 a 2017, de uma Universidade Federal do interior de Minas Gerais. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, orientado pela abordagem quantitativa, com coleta de dados realizada a partir da recuperação dos TCC em Psicologia. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se de técnicas de estatística descritiva. Foram recuperados um total de 228 TCC, com as subáreas mais predominantes: Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano (n=65), Psicologia Social (n=60) e Tratamento e Prevenção Psicológica (n=38). A nuvem de palavras de acordo com os títulos dos TCC, teve como termos mais prevalentes: estudo, saúde, familiar, Minas Gerais (MG), análise, Uberaba, vida, caso, criança e revisão. As palavras-chaves mais frequentemente adotadas foram: saúde, social, psicologia, familiares, adoção, universidade-trabalho, ansiedade, psicanálise, criança, relações, profissional, vida, depressão e família. A abordagem mais utilizada nos TCC foi a qualitativa (n=171).  Esse estudo possibilitou-nos melhor elucidar o perfil de produções científicas do Curso de Psicologia de uma Universidade Federal, permitindo identificar potencialidades da graduação em Psicologia no que tange à formação de novos cientistas e profissionais comprometidos com a Prática e a Ciência.
Neuroscience for a new concept of decision-making style
Authors: Acconito Carlotta , Rovelli Katia , Angioletti Laura
Published: May 2023

Decision-making styles refer to the style through which individuals identify and evaluate the information needed to make a decision and how they usually consider the various possible alternatives. While decision-making styles have been explored from several research perspectives, no neuroscientific studies addressed this topic before. Considering the neuroscientific findings on the study of the decision-making process, the purpose of this article is to go beyond the traditional models conceptualizing the styles of decisionmaking and to provide a novel insight and definition of this concept, through the identification of some of the prerogatives most closely associated with the notion of style: these include self-representation, adaptability, and risk-taking. Within this conceptual framework, it is proposed that the style of a decision-maker is strictly linked to the physiological tendency to tolerate and regulate stress, to the ability to self-represent one’s goals and be able to prioritize them, to the adaptability level, and to risk-taking and management traits. To fully understand the construct of decision-making styles, this theoretical contribution also underlines the importance of adopting a conceptual perspective that takes into account behavioural, self-report and neuroscientific measures to profile decision-makers.
Why we need to assess dysfunctional decision-making process in addictions within a comprehensive framework
Authors: Angioletti Laura
Published: May 2023

This theoretical contribution focuses on the neurocognitive disorder of addiction as it is one of the clinical disorders in which a deficit in decision-making has been most frequently explored in the neuroscientific literature. The decision-making deficit in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions, in particular gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder, is here highlighted. There is currently no consensus or shared understanding of how to assess decision-making given its complexity and close connection to executive functions; therefore, without claiming to be exhaustive, three examples of methodologies and studies showcasing potential approaches to assess decision-making process in addictions have been proposed. Determining possible vulnerabilities in decision-making processes can be important for identifying people who are more likely to develop an addiction, as well as for treatment options, or may be less likely to adhere to addiction treatment.
Beyond Use Date (BUD) Determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Syrup by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – UV/VIS Detector
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, Jatmika Catur , Iswandana Raditya ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, Lestari Indah Dewi ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

Ambroxol HCl is a mucolytic agent often used to treat respiratory disorders associated with excess mucus secretion. This study aims to determine the beyond-use date (BUD) of ambroxol HCl syrup on the market based on analysis of the decrease in drug content using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) – UV/Vis detector. The HPLC conditions were reversed-phase with a C18 column, mobile phase containing acetonitrile - phosphate buffer 0.05 M pH 4.5 (60:40) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using UV detection at 248 nm. To determine BUD, five syrup preparations (brands) obtained from the Jakarta area were analyzed in triplicate. The retention time for ambroxol HCl was 4.62 minutes. In the validation, ambroxol HCl showed good linearity with r = 0.99985 in the 6 to 36 µg/ml. LOD and LOQ for ambroxol HCl were 0.74 µg/ml and 2.25 µg/ml, respectively. It is also fulfilled the accuracy and precision parameters with a % recovery from 99.04% to 100.94% and CV<2%. This method meets the requirements according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and can be used for the assay of ambroxol HCl syrup. The ambroxol HCl level on all samples was still higher than 90% (until the 36th day). Normality test data result indicated that data must be divided into two groups that are sample A and B, and sample C, D, and E. In conclusion, the extrapolation result showed that the BUD ambroxol HCl syrup was 83 days for sample A and B, and 49 days for sample C, D, and E.
Intercellular Communication Compensates Intracellular Proliferative Signal Deficit during Liver Regeneration
Authors: Kaneko Kota , Liang Yan , Liu Qing , Zhang Shuo , Song Dan , Feng Gen-Sheng
Published: May 2023

It remains to be determined how cells strive to proliferate under proliferative signal deficit. Herein we report that with impaired RTK-Shp2-Ras-Erk signaling, heterogenous hepatocytes formed clusters to divide during liver regeneration. These hepatocytes were characterized by upregulated CD133 while negative for other progenitor cell markers. Pharmaceutical inhibition of proliferative signaling also induced CD133 expression in various cell types, suggesting a common mechanism of stress response. Super-resolution and electron microscopy localized CD133 on intracellular vesicles that apparently migrate between cells. Isolated CD133
+
vesicles were enriched with mitogenic mRNAs rather than miRNAs. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed lower intracellular diversity (entropy) of mitogenic mRNAs in Shp2-deficient cells, which could be remedied by intercellular mRNA exchanges between CD133
+
cells. CD133-deficient cells were more sensitive to proliferative signal inhibition in livers and intestinal organoids. These data suggest a mechanism of intercellular communication to offset intracellular signal deficit in hepatocytes and other cell types.
Dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities during horse bedding and green waste composting
Authors: Grenier Vanessa , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Brereton Nicholas JB , Pitre Frederic E.
Published: May 2023

Organic waste decomposition can make up substantial amounts of municipal greenhouse emissions during decomposition. Composting has the potential to reduce these emissions as well as generate sustainable fertilizer. However, our understanding of how complex microbial communities change to drive the chemical and biological processes of composting is still limited. To investigate the microbiota associated with organic waste decomposition, initial composting feedstock (Litter), three composting windrows of 1.5 months (Young phase), 3 months (Middle phase) and 12 months (Aged phase) old, and 24-month-old mature Compost were sampled to assess physicochemical properties, plant cell wall composition and the microbial community using 16S rRNA gene amplification. A total of 2,612 Exact Sequence Variants (ESVs) included 517 annotated as putative species and 694 as genera which together captured 57.7% of the 3,133,873 sequences, with the most abundant species being Thermobifida fusca, Thermomonospora chromogena and Thermobifida bifida. Compost properties changed rapidly over time alongside the diversity of the compost community, which increased as composting progressed, and multivariate analysis indicated significant variation in community composition between each time-point. The abundance of bacteria in the feedstock is strongly correlated with the presence of organic matter and the abundance of plant cell wall components. Temperature and pH are the most strongly correlated parameters with bacterial abundance in the thermophilic and cooling phases/mature compost respectively. Differential abundance analysis revealed 810 ESVs annotated as species significantly varied in relative abundance between Litter and Young phase, 653 between the Young and Middle phases, 1182 between Middle and Aged phases and 663 between Aged phase and mature Compost. These changes indicated that structural carbohydrates and lignin degrading species were abundant at the beginning of the thermophilic phase, especially members of the Firmicute and Actinobacteria phyla. A high diversity of species capable of putative ammonification and denitrification were consistently found throughout the composting phases, whereas a limited number of nitrifying bacteria were identified and were significantly enriched within the later mesophilic composting phases. High microbial community resolution also revealed unexpected species which could be beneficial for agricultural soils enriched with mature compost or for the deployment of environmental and plant biotechnologies. Understanding the dynamics of these microbial communities could lead to improved waste management strategies and the development of input-specific composting protocols to optimize carbon and nitrogen transformation and promote a diverse and functional microflora in mature compost.
Genome-wide characterization of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum L. and gene expression analysis in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Sarmiento-López Luis G. , López-Espinoza Maury Yanitze , Juárez-Verdayes Marco Adán , López-Meyer Melina
Published: May 2023

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a glycoside hydrolase protein family involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucans, with essential roles in the regulation of plant cell wall extensibility. By taking advantage of the whole genome sequence in Solanum lycopersicum, 37 SlXTHs were identified in the present work. SlXTHs were classified into four subfamilies (ancestral, I/II, III-A, III-B) when aligned to XTHs of other plant species. Gene structure and conserved motifs showed similar compositions in each subfamily. Segmental duplication was the primary mechanism accounting for the expansion of SlXTH genes. In silico expression analysis showed that SlXTH genes exhibited differential expression in several tissues. GO analysis and 3D protein structure indicated that all 37 SlXTHs participate in cell wall biogenesis and xyloglucan metabolism. Promoter analysis revealed that some SlXTHs have MeJA- and stress-responsive elements. qRT-PCR expression analysis of nine SlXTHs in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal colonized vs. non-colonized plants showed that eight of these genes were differentially expressed in leaves and four in roots, suggesting that SlXTHs might play roles in plant defense induced by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Our results provide valuable insight into the function of XTHs in S. lycopersicum, in addition to the response of plants to mycorrhizal colonization.
Pathological mechanism of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in rats based on iTRAQ technology
Authors: Xu Hang , Gao Kai , Liu Chao , Li Tian , Ding Yi , Ma Jing
Published: May 2023

Objective

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a public health problem worldwide. Treatments for the patients with HFpEF are not satisfactory because there is no unified understanding of the pathological mechanism of HFpEF. This study aims at investigating the potential pathological mechanism for the effective diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF.

Methods

Ten adult male Dahl salt sensitive rats (180–200 g) were divided into control and model groups. The rats in model group were fed with high salt diet (8% NaCl) to induce HFpEF for this comparative study. Behavioral changes, biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes of the rats were detected. iTRAQ technology combined with bioinformatics analysis was employed to study the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their enrichment in signaling pathways.

Results

Echocardiography detection showed decreased LVEF, indicating impaired cardiac function (P < 0.01), increased LVPWd, indicating ventricular wall hypertrophy (P < 0.05), prolonged duration of IVRT and decreased E/A ratio, indicating diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.05) of the rats in model group. 563 DEPs were identified in the rats of both groups, with 243 up-regulated and 320 down-regulated. The expression of PPAR signaling pathway in the rats of model group was down-regulated, with PPARα most significantly decreased (91.2%) (P < 0.01), PPARγ obviously decreased (63.60%) (P < 0.05), and PPARβ/δ decreased (45.33%) (P < 0.05). The DEPs enriched in PPAR signaling pathway were mainly related to such biological processes as fatty acid beta-oxidation, such cellular components as peroxisome, and such molecular functions as lipid binding.

Conclusions

NaCl high salt diet is one of the factors to increase the incidence of HFpEF in rats. PPARα, PPARγ and PPAR β/δ might be the targets of HFpEF. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of HFpEF in clinical practice.
The influence of pet ownership on self-compassion among nurses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Hu , Mei Yongxia , Wang Xiaoxuan , Wang Wenna , Lin Beilei , Zhao Zhixin , Zhang Zhenxiang
Published: May 2023

Background

The modern lifestyle trend of pet ownership is undoubtedly beneficial for both physical and mental health. Research has shown a connection between pet ownership and staff self-compassion. However, there has not been any evidence linking pet ownership to self-compassion in the nurse population.

Aims

To investigate the current status of pet ownership among nurses and explore the influence of pet ownership on self-compassion among nurses.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in July 2022 with 1,308 nurses in China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and a self-compassion scale. To compare categorical variables, the independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized. SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

We found that 16.9% of nurses owned at least one pet, and dogs and cats were the primary pets. The t test for independent samples showed that pet owners and non-pet owners scored differently on self-compassion (t = 3.286, p = 0.001), self-kindness (t = 3.378, p = 0.001), common humanity (t = 2.419, p = 0.016), and mindfulness (t = 2.246, p = 0.025). One-way ANOVA revealed that the highest degree was an influencing factor of self-compassion (χ2 = 1.386, p = 0.019). Multiple linear regression showed that average monthly income, pet ownership, and highest degree were the factors that influenced self-compassion most significantly (F = 8.335, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results revealed that nurses actually own pets as part of their modern lifestyle, which provides them with social support and potentially enhances their self-compassion. More efforts should be focused on the impact of pet ownership on nurses’ physical and mental health, and pet-based interventions should also be developed.
Semantic plausibility preferentially affects the semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading: evidence from an eye-movement study
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Liu Zhiwei , Zhao Sainan , Wang Jingxin
Published: May 2023

Background

Numerous studies have confirmed that skilled readers can benefit from a semantically related preview word (i.e., semantic preview benefit, SPB), suggesting that readers can extract semantic information from the parafovea to achieve efficient reading. It is still under debate whether the occurrence of this benefit is because of the semantic association between the preview and target words or because of the contextual fit of the preview word in the sentence context.

Methods

Two independent factors, preview plausibility (preview plausible/implausible) and semantic relatedness (semantically related/unrelated), were manipulated, and we further strictly controlled for syntactic plausibility in the present study.

Results

The results showed that the first-pass reading times of the target words were significantly shorter in the plausible preview condition than in the implausible preview condition. However, the main effect of semantic relatedness was found only in the gaze duration measure.

Discussion

The pattern of results revealed that semantic plausibility affects the semantic preview benefit preferentially in Chinese reading, supporting the contextual fit account. Our findings have implications for a better understanding of parafoveal processing and provide empirical support for the eye-movement control model.
Ambientes de formação de organizações virtuais orientadas à inovação de produto
Authors: Finimundi Thiago André , Vidor Gabriel , Vieira Guilherme Bergmann Borges , Gonçalves Roberto Birch
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste artigo foi desenvolver e testar um modelo para formação de organizações virtuais pela estruturação da inovação de produto. Numa primeira etapa, de abordagem qualitativa e objetivo exploratório, foi adaptado um modelo de referência para modelagem de ambientes de criação de organizações virtuais, a partir do qual se construiu um modelo teórico, a fim de verificar as relações entre os construtos Relações Interorganizacionais e Inovação com as dimensões de modelagem. A segunda etapa, de abordagem quantitativa e natureza descritiva, teve por objetivo estruturar o modelo proposto a partir das diretrizes estabelecidas no modelo teórico. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, em escala Likert de cinco pontos, adaptado de Machado e Carvalho (2013). Os resultados apontam que há consistência teórica entre as dimensões do ambiente de formação de organizações virtuais e os fatores do ambiente de inovação. Dessa forma, foi possível adaptar um ambiente de formação de organizações virtuais orientadas à inovação de produto em quatro dimensões.
Agendas locales para enfrentar el cambio climático: Análisis comparado de la Municipalidad de Concepción y la Municipalidad de Caleta Tortel en Chile
Authors: Cariaga Valentina
Published: May 2023

La Red de Municipios ante el Cambio climático, ha resultado ser un espacio en donde los municipios pueden buscar apoyo y orientación, para trabajar las áreas de mitigación y adaptación de su localidad. En este marco, la propuesta de una agenda de cambio climático, compuesta por nueve áreas temáticas, ha sido de principal interés considerando que no todos los municipios trabajan la agenda en su totalidad. Frente a esto, se ha encontrado que solo dos municipios trabajan las nueve áreas temáticas, siendo el Municipio de Concepción y el Municipio de Caleta Tortel. La investigación obtiene como hallazgo, que el factor político y el factor técnico, resultan ser el punto en común de ambos municipios, y que dichos factores pueden influir en la cantidad de áreas temáticas adoptadas, para ser trabajada por los municipios.
Detection of Carbapenemase Production by Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method among Carbapenem Resistant Gram- negative Bacilli at a Tertiary Care Centre in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Baskaran Varshini , Jeyamani Lavanya , Thangaraju Deepak , Sivaraj Ranjithkumar , Jayarajan Jayalakshmi
Published: May 2023

Introduction: In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, knowing the mechanism of carbapenem resistance can aid in choosing an apt drug for treatment of patients. There are only few studies estimating the burden of carbapenem resistance and determining the mechanism of resistance among the isolates in our locale. Aim: To determine the prevalence of carbapenemase production by modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) among the Carbapenem Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (CRGNB)- Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in our hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Department of Microbiology, KMCH, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the period of June 2021 to August 2021. A total of 165 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family and P. aeruginosa which were resistant to one of the carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem) by Vitek MIC testing were included in the study. All were subjected to mCIM and EDTA-modified CIM (eCIM) test and interpreted as per the CLSI M100 S31 guidelines. Results: Among the 165 isolates, 130 (78.8%) were K. pneumoniae, 27 (16.4%) were other Enterobacteriaceae and eight (4.8%) were P. aeruginosa. Prevalence of mCIM positivity was 51.5% (85 isolates). Approximately, 98% of the mCIM positives (Carbapenemase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria [CPGNB]) were eCIM positive indicating Metallo-Beta- Lactamase (MBL) production. Conclusion: Performing mCIM in CRGNB is important in routine practice to identify CPGNBs. Due to very high prevalence of MBL among carbapenemase producers, it is advisable to choose ceftazidime avibactam plus aztreonam as the treatment option for CPGNB in our locale.
A PROSPECTIVE, OPEN-LABEL, NON-RANDOMISED STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ZERO TENSION TABLETS IN PATIENTS WITH STRESS, ANXIETY AND INSOMNIA DISORDERS
Authors: Kimtata Vijay , Ahmed Hasan Ali , BH Sushma
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Passiflora incarnata, Valeriana wallichii and Withania somnifera are known to have psychotropic effects. These plants have been reported to alleviate stress, anxiety, and insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zero Tension tablets in patients with mild to moderate stress, anxiety, and insomnia disorders. Methods: This study was a prospective, open-label, non-randomised study on patients (n = 100) with mild to moderate stress, anxiety, and insomnia disorders. All participants received two tablets with lukewarm water daily at night for 56 days. Primary outcomes were changes in the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A), perceived stress scale (PSS), insomnia severity index, general health scores, serum levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from day 0 to day 56. Secondary outcomes included adverse effects, changes in vital signs, haematological parameters, and serum biochemistry. Datasets were analysed at different assessment points using a t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), as applicable. Results: Consumption of Zero Tension tablets significantly (p<0.001) reduced HAM-A, PSS, insomnia severity, and general health scores. Most participants experienced reduced stress, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms after 56 days of treatment. The serum cortisol and DHEA levels were also mildly reduced. No significant adverse effects or changes in vital signs, haematological, or blood biochemistry parameters were observed. Conclusion: The results suggested that the Zero Tension tablet is safe and could be an effective alternative to improve stress, anxiety and sleep disorders.
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS THROUGH AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: S Priyalakshmi , Gill Gurpreet Kaur , Yadav Chhaju Ram , Singh Bhanu Pratap
Published: May 2023

Non-pharmacological management refers to the management without the use of medications. Gastrointestinal disorders, especially Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs), are common disorders characterized by persistent and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms due to abnormal functioning of the enteric nervous system where no structural or organic pathology is identified. FGIDs are associated with motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, gut microbiota, etc. To fully understand the pathophysiology of FGIDs, it is important to comprehend the biopsychosocial behaviour, which focuses on understanding and treatment of the illness and the subjective sense of the patient's suffering. Globally, the most common FGIDs (irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia) alone affect 16–26% of the population. The non-pharmacological management includes reassurance, lifestyle modifications including observance of dinacharya (daily regimen), gut hygiene, ritucharya (seasonal regimen), psychotherapy, dietary interventions like intake of pathyaahara, implementing sadvritta, the ideal code of conduct, performing yoga, etc. Since gastrointestinal disorders are highly prevalent and pharmacological modalities are limited in contemporary medicine. Thus, a non-pharmacological approach can be preferred in today’s era for sustainable results. Ayurveda follows a holistic approach and has never considered an individual's physical, physiological, and psychological aspects as separate entities. Hence, the management of different diseases has been given under three modalities: daivavyapashraya, yuktivyapashraya, and satvavajaya chikitsa. Thus, in the non-pharmacological management of FGIDs, Ayurveda played a magnificent role.
PREPARATION CHOLESTEROL AND EFFECTS OF CHOLESTEROL PARADOX: A REVIEW
Authors: Loukya Mamillapally , B Defria Zeneth
Published: May 2023

Cholesterol is the most significant sterol in mammals, which contributes to preserving plasma membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor of oxysterols, bile acids, and steroid hormones. Plasma membranes contain large amounts of cholesterol, which interacts with other molecules in the membrane in various ways. Cholesterol, one of the most significant structural elements, is regarded as a lipid-type molecule. It plays a crucial role in life, primarily in cell membranes and as a precursor to the biosynthesis of numerous steroid hormones in cell membranes. Cholesterol absorption is linked to recurrent cardiovascular events, and patients with higher cholesterol absorption experienced less of a statin's favourable effects. One of the essential and prevalent conditions that affect people's health worldwide is coronary artery disease (CAD), and its incidence has grown over time. The best predictor and moderator of coronary artery disease is the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma level. Higher than lower HDL cholesterol levels were associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular events. Contrarily in cholesterol paradox states, individuals with advanced HF often have low cholesterol, associated with a poor prognosis and hypercholesterolemia, a key risk factor for CAD. On average, patients with a total cholesterol level of 232 mg/dl had a 25% higher survival rate than those with a total cholesterol level of 193 mg/dl who were suffering from heart failure. A total cholesterol level under 200 mg/dl is generally preferred.
Socio-demographic and Epidemiological Characterisation of Leprosy in the Population of Pará, Amazon, from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Dergan Marcela Raissa Asevedo , Gonçalves Nelson Veiga , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno , Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Anjos Thiago Augusto Ferreira dos , Palácios Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes
Published: May 2023

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of the population with leprosy in the State of Pará from 2016 to 2020.

Methodology: Cross-sectional ecological study, based on data from the Disease Information and Notification System (SINAN). The study was conductedin 144 municipalities in Pará, Amazon. The data were organised and distributed by 12 integration Regions.

Results and Discussion: In the analysed data, a total of 11,687 cases of leprosy were verified in Pará from 2016 to 2020. Sociodemographic data showed a predominance in the male population, in the brown race, and in those with low education, this study demonstrated that leprosy is prevalent in vulnerable populations with low socioeconomic status, highlighting social inequalities. Conclusion: Monitoring epidemiological and operational indicators of leprosy is essential for evaluating programs and planning public health policies to contribute to epidemiological surveillance.
Current Status and Trend on the Adoption of Fish Feed Additives for Sustainable Tilapia Aquaculture Production: A Review
Authors: Syanya Fredrick Juma , Mathia Wilson Munala , Harikrishnan M.
Published: May 2023

During fish feed production, feed additives are regarded as an essential component of the fish diet. The use of feed additives in fish feed is essential for boosting the growth and immunity of cultured fish. The aim of this study was therefore to make a comprehensive review of the Current Status and Trend in the Adoption of these fish feed additives for Sustainable tilapia production. An exploratory research design was used in the study to review and comprehend various peer-reviewed papers published in national and international publications on issues surrounding fish feed additives currently used in tilapia aquaculture production and the current and future prospect of essential fish feed additives in use. Feed additives are ingredients that are added in small quantities to fish diets to enhance nutrients and preserve the feed. Preservatives, binders, feeding stimulants, and food colourants constitute common feed additives. With increased growth in aquaculture, the use of additives must be promoted in order to optimize the production of farmed fish. The aim of feed additives in fish feed is to promote healthier and faster fish growth in cultured fish. As a result, fish diets should incorporate the right quantities of feed additives. The conclusions drawn succinctly suggest that fish feed with no feed additives is comparable to "a vehicle without fuel" and should be regarded as poor feed when fed to fish in a culture system. And the end result will be a poor fish growth rate, less resistance to diseases, and hence low productivity in an aquaculture production system.