bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alienation and Revolution
Authors: Murchland Bernard
Published: September 2018

A recent letter to the editor of one of the newspapers I read suggested that our present era should go down as the Age of Apprehension rather than the Age of Aquarius. The writer went on to list thirty "crises"—ranging from Russia to a higher rate of V.D.—that depress the minds of the citizenry. He then concluded: "And just in case any reader refuses to get drowned by these, there's always the H-bomb hanging over our heads." The news, to be sure, is rarely good these days. But it is more than a question of bad news. A letter of this sort rather vividly and even pathetically expresses the widespread sense of malaise that characterizes these times. We seem indisputably to be living through one of those periods of cultural collapse that periodically overtakes history, a time when the human estate is at low ebb, only tenuously connected to the sources of its replenishment.
Hans Morgenthau: Realist and Moralist
Authors: Shinn Roger L.
Published: September 2018

In that short sentence Hans Morgenthau describes one role of the intellectual who relates himself to the political world. It is clear, from the way he states it, that he admires this vocation. It is also clear, from his own career, that he has often exercised that vocation.

Morgenthau's eminence is such that he needs no praise from me. As an analyst of international affairs he is a brilliant scholar, a shrewd observer of the actions behind the headlines, a puncturer of pomposities, and an irritant to sluggish minds. These qualities are sufficiently well known that I shall not elaborate them.
Aging and Molecular Changes of Dissolved Organic Matter Between Two Deep Oceanic End‐Members
Authors: Bercovici S. K. , Koch B. P. , Lechtenfeld O. J. , McCallister S. L. , Schmitt‐Kopplin P. , Hansell D. A.
Published: September 2018

The global ocean contains a massive reservoir of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), rivaling the atmosphere's pool of CO2. The most recalcitrant fractions have mean radiocarbon ages of ~4,000 years in the Atlantic to ~6,000 years in the Pacific. Knowing the radiocarbon signatures of DOC and the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial to develop understanding of the persistence and lifetime of the DOC pool. In this research, we collected samples from the deep North Pacific in August 2013 (aboard the RV Melville) to couple the Δ14C content of solid‐phase‐extracted DOM (Δ14C‐SPE‐DOM) with its molecular composition in the ocean's oldest deep waters. We find that deep waters in this region held a mean Δ14C‐SPE‐DOM value of −554 ± 9‰ (~6,400 14C years), substantially more depleted than that in the deep Atlantic, which held a mean Δ14C‐SPE‐DOM value of −445 ± 5‰. While we find a more degraded molecular composition of DOM in the deep Pacific than the deep Atlantic, the molecular formulae within the Island of Stability (Lechtenfeld et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.009), are largely retained. These results imply that a fraction of deep DOM is resistant to removal and present in both the deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Dust Observations by the Radio and Plasma Wave Science Instrument During Cassini's Grand Finale
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Persoon A. M. , Sulaiman A. H. , Gurnett D. A. , Morooka M. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Hsu H.‐W. , Sternovsky Z. , Wang X. , Horanyi M. , Seiß M. , Srama R.
Published: September 2018

Dust particles in the Saturn system can be detected by the Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument on board Cassini via antenna voltage signals induced by dust impacts. These impact signals have been simulated in the laboratory by accelerating dust particles onto a Cassini model with electric field antennas. RPWS dust measurements have been shown to be consistent with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer. During the Grand Finale orbits, Cassini flew through the gap between the D ring and Saturn's atmosphere 22 times. In situ measurements by RPWS helped quantify the hazards posed to the spacecraft and instruments on board, which showed a micron‐sized dust density orders of magnitude lower than that observed during the Ring Grazing orbits. Close inspection of the waveforms indicated a possible dependence of the impact signal decay time on ambient plasma density.
Testing Latitudinally Dependent Explanations of the Circulation Response to Increased CO2 Using Aquaplanet Models
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. , Tan Zhihong
Published: September 2018

The atmospheric circulation exhibits robust responses to increased CO2 that emerge across the climate model hierarchy. Existing theoretical explanations of the circulation response can be grouped according to latitude. Here we test latitudinally dependent explanations of the circulation response to increased CO2 using slab ocean aquaplanet models with latitudinally dependent CO2 concentration. Quadrupling CO2 in the tropics (0–20°) accounts for the strengthening and upward shift of the subtropical jet but does not account for the poleward shift of the Hadley cell edge or extratropical circulation. The tropical response is dominated by regions of descent. When CO2 is quadrupled in high latitudes (60–90°), there is a negligible circulation response. The response to latitudinally dependent increased CO2 is mostly linear and increased CO2 in the midlatitudes (20–60°) dominates. Within the midlatitudes, the subtropics (20–40°) dominate. Thus, story lines explaining the circulation shift in response to increased CO2 should focus on the thermodynamic response in the subtropics.
Effect of Dispersion on Solutal Convection in Porous Media
Authors: Liang Yu , Wen Baole , Hesse Marc A. , DiCarlo David
Published: September 2018

Solutal convection in porous media is thought to be controlled by the molecular Rayleigh number, Ram, the ratio of the buoyant driving force over diffusive dissipation. The mass flux should increase linearly with Ram and the finger spacing should decrease as
. Instead, our experiments find that flux levels off at large Ram and finger spacing increases with Ram. Here we show that the convective pattern is controlled by a dispersive Rayleigh number, Rad, balancing buoyancy and dispersion. Increasing the bead size of the porous medium increases Ram but decreases Rad and hence coarsens the pattern. While the flux is predominantly controlled by Ram, the anisotropy of mechanical dispersion leads to an asymmetry in the pattern that limits the flux at large bead sizes.
Mapping the Depth to Basement by Iterative Rescaling of Gravity or Magnetic Data
Authors: Florio G.
Published: September 2018

I propose a new method to estimate the morphology of the basement under sedimentary basins, starting from measured gravity or magnetic anomalies. The method is based on a simple relation existing between the depth to basement and gravity or pseudogravity fields. This simple relation (approximately linear for homogeneous sediment basins) is fitted by a polynomial regression, and the data can be immediately rescaled in terms of depth to the basement. The use of this method is possible when several depth constraints are available, such as wells perforating the basement or other geophysical data interpretations indicating the depth to basement at some locations. The first‐approximation model is iteratively improved by rescaling the misfit between the observed and the model‐generated field and by adding this correction to the first model. A further output of the method is the estimation of a constant density/magnetization contrast or of a depth‐density function. The method does not consider lateral variations in the basin fill density, nor variations in the basement magnetization. The method is demonstrated on a synthetic complex basement model in the cases of a constant density contrast, with or without noise, and in the case of a variable depth‐density function. The method is computationally very efficient, as it involves no matrix inversion nor multiplication. The applicability of the method to real gravity data is finally demonstrated by the modeling of the gravity anomalies of the Pannonian basin (Austria). The obtained model compares well to a previous interpretation of the same data using different constraints.
Spatiotemporal Consistency of Four Gross Primary Production Products and Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Response to Climate Extremes Across CONUS in 2012
Authors: Wu Xiaocui , Xiao Xiangming , Zhang Yao , He Wei , Wolf Sebastian , Chen Jiquan , He Mingzhu , Gough Christopher M. , Qin Yuanwei , Zhou Yanlian , Doughty Russell , Blanken Peter D.
Published: September 2018

Large spatial‐scale effects of climate extremes on gross primary production (GPP), the largest terrestrial carbon flux, are highly uncertain even as these extremes increase in frequency and extent. Here we report the impacts of spring warming and summer drought in 2012 on GPP across the contiguous United States (CONUS) using estimates from four GPP models: Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), MOD17A2H V006, Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach, and Simple Biosphere/Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach. VPM simulations are driven by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, North American Regional Reanalysis climate data, and C3 and C4 cropland maps from the United States Department of Agriculture Cropland Data Layer data set. Across 25 eddy covariance flux tower sites, GPP estimates from VPM (GPPVPM) showed better accuracy in terms of cross‐site variability and interannual variability (R2 = 0.84 and 0.46, respectively) when compared to MOD17 GPP. We further assessed the spatial and temporal (seasonal) consistency between GPP products and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment‐2 solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence over CONUS during 2008–2014. The results suggested that GPPVPM agrees best with solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence across space and time, capturing seasonal dynamics and interannual variations. Anomaly analyses showed that increased GPP during the spring compensated for the reduced GPP during the summer, resulting in near‐neutral changes in annual GPP for the CONUS. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing the impacts of different types and timing of climate extremes on GPP and the need to improve light use efficiency models by incorporating C3 and C4 plant functional types.
Recent advances in single cell manipulation and biochemical analysis on microfluidics
Authors: Gao Dan , Jin Feng , Zhou Min , Jiang Yuyang
Published: September 2018

This review highlights the advances in single cell manipulation and biochemical analysis on microfluidics over the past three years.
A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Kobayashi Koh , Mashimo Takaki , Ito Hajime
Published: September 2018

The epistatic double hydrogen bonds that arise from the presence of a pendant carboxy group in a gold isocyanide complex result in strong aurophilic interactions in a magenta-emitting polymorph.
Crystal quality evolution of AlN films via high-temperature annealing under ambient N2 conditions
Authors: Wang M. X. , Xu F. J. , Xie N. , Sun Y. H. , Liu B. Y. , Qin Z. X. , Wang X. Q. , Shen B.
Published: September 2018

The crystal quality evolution of AlN films via high-temperature (HT) annealing under nitrogen is investigated.
Exploring the influence of natural cosolvents on the free energy and conformational landscape of filamentous actin and microtubules
Authors: Schummel Paul Hendrik , Jaworek Michel W. , Rosin Christopher , Högg Jessica , Winter Roland
Published: September 2018

Natural osmolytes have a significant influence on the temperature- and pressure-dependent stability of filamentous actin and microtubules.
Polarization propagator theory and the entanglement between MO excitations
Authors: Millán Leonardo A. , Giribet Claudia G. , Aucar Gustavo A.
Published: September 2018

The likely quantum entanglement among excitations of MOs is described by using the polarization propagator formalism. Its first application to NMR-J couplings gives new understanding about the way external perturbations are transmitted within molecular systems.
Protonation-induced molecular permeation at the oil/water interface in an electric field
Authors: Gan Shenglong , Chen Longbin , Feng Yancong , Deng Yong , Zhou Rui , Dou Yingying , Tang Biao , Shui Lingling , Wang Yao , Li Hao , Zhou Guofu
Published: September 2018

The relationship between the protonation degree increment and applied voltage was proposed as a guide for controlling the protonation via applying an electric field.
Recent developments in Zintl cluster chemistry
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Weinert Bastian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: September 2018

Most recent developments in Zintl cluster chemistry are highlighted, including advances in understanding of their formation and their use as sources for nanostructured materials.
The improvement of pitch activation by graphene for long-cycle Li–S batteries
Authors: Cheng Miao , Zhao Huifang , Zhao Zheng , Wang Jie , Cao Lijuan , Zhang Huinian , Duan Xiaoyong , Wang Congwei , Wang Junying , Wang Junzhong , Lu Chunxiang
Published: September 2018

Pitch-derived graphene-carbon sheets with surface area of 2930 m2 g−1 and 71 wt% sulfur loading apply to Li–S batteries and exhibit >99.0% columbic efficiency over 1500 cycles.
Boronic acid-functionalized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles via distillation–precipitation polymerization and thiol–yne click chemistry for the enrichment of glycoproteins
Authors: Bi Changfen , Zhang Sitong , Li Yiliang , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui
Published: September 2018

Synthesis of phenylboronic acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for glycoprotein enrichment via distillation–precipitation polymerization combined with thiol–yne click chemistry.
Molecular reorganization in bulk bottlebrush polymers: direct observation via nanoscale imaging
Authors: Borodinov Nikolay , Belianinov Alex , Chang Dongsook , Carrillo Jan-Michael , Burch Matthew J. , Xu Yuewen , Hong Kunlun , Ievlev Anton V. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Ovchinnikova Olga S.
Published: September 2018

A direct visualization of molecular organization in an amorphous polymer bottlebrush system, captured with plasma etching and helium ion microscopy, is reported in this paper.
Mild dealkylative N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylaniline derivatives for convenient preparation of photo-triggered and photo-calibrated NO donors
Authors: Qiu Shaobing , Guo Chunlei , Wang Mingkang , Sun Zhenglong , Li Hui , Qian Xuhong , Yang Youjun
Published: September 2018

Direct N-nitrosation of N,N-dialkylanilines under mild, non-acidic and non-oxidative conditions.
Sevoflurane relieves hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Grp78
Authors: Liu Di , Jin Xin , Zhang Chunqi , Shang You
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This article aimed to study the role of sevoflurane pre-conditioning in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion and its potential mechanism.

Methods: Rat liver ischemia–reperfusion model was constructed. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) in liver homogenate were determined. Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining, Tunel, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Ischemia–reperfusion hepatocyte model was established. Cells transfection was conducted. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis were used.

Results: Compared with I/R group, liver damage degree, liver cell apoptosis, and glucose regulatory protein 78 (Grp78) expression was obviously reduced in rats of SEV group. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were also significantly increased (P<0.01). MDA and NO concentrations were dramatically lower (P<0.01) and SOD concentration was significantly higher (P<0.01). Apoptosis rate, Grp78, PERK, eIF2α, and p-c-JNK/JNK expression was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). Sevoflurane significantly reduced apoptosis and expression of PERK, eIF2α, p-c-JNK/JNK by inhibiting the expression of Grp78 (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Sevoflurane relieves hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Grp78.
Association of brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension and its mechanism
Authors: Jin Guangjun , Chen Zhu , Zhang Jiancheng , Song Jia , Shi Jun , Zhou Bingzhi
Published: September 2018

Objective: To examine the association between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to analyze its mechanism. Methods: The genotypes of BNP at the rs198389, rs6668352, and rs198388 loci in 339 patients with COPD (205 in the COPD/PH− group and 134 in the COPD/PH+ group) and 125 healthy subjects were detected by PCR/Sanger sequencing. The serum levels of BNP, fibrinogen (Fbg), and Apelin were measured in all subjects by ELISA. Results: The BNP rs198389 locus G allele, rs6668352 locus A allele, and 198388 locus T allele were high risk factors for COPD (P<0.001). Logistics regression analysis showed that BNP rs198389 locus G allele, rs6668352 locus A allele, and rs198388 locus T allele were high risk factors for PH in COPD patients (all P<0.001). The levels of the serum BNP and Fbg protein in the control group, COPD/PH− group, and COPD/PH+ group increased successively, and the expression levels of Apelin protein decreased successively (all P<0.001). The BNP and Fbg protein levels in the wild-type, heterozygote, and mutant homozygote in BNP rs198389, rs6668352, and rs198388 loci increased successively, and the serum Apelin protein levels decreased successively (all P<0.001). Conclusion: The polymorphisms of BNP at the rs198389, rs6668352, and rs198388 loci are associated with the occurrence of COPD and COPD with PH, and the occurrence may be related to the abnormal expression level of BNP, Fbg, and Apelin protein in the serum.
Preventive effect of artemisinin extract against cholestasis induced via lithocholic acid exposure
Authors: Alkhedaide Adel Qlayel , Ismail Tamer Ahmed , Alotaibi Saad Hmoud , Nassan Mohamed Abdo , Shehri Zafer Saad Al
Published: September 2018

Obstructive cholestasis characterized by biliary pressure increase leading to leakage of bile back that causes liver injury. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of artemisinin in obstructive cholestasis in mice. The present study was carried out on 40 adult healthy mice that were divided into 4 groups, 10 mice each; the negative control group didn’t receive any medication. The normal group was fed normally with 100 mg/kg of artemisinin extract orally. The cholestatic group fed on 1% lithocholic acid (LCA) mixed into control diet and cholestatic group co-treated with 100 mg/kg of artemisinin extract orally. Mice were treated for 1 month then killed at end of the experiment. A significant increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total and direct bilirubin was detected in mice exposed to LCA toxicity. That increase was significantly reduced to normal values in mice co-treated with artemisinin. LCA toxicity causes multiple areas of necrosis of irregular distribution. However, artemisinin co-treatment showed normal hepatic architecture. Moreover, LCA causes down-regulation of hepatic mRNA expressions of a set of genes that are responsible for ATP binding cassette and anions permeability as ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8, organic anion-transporting polypeptide, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 genes that were ameliorated by artemisinin administration. Similarly, LCA toxicity significantly down-regulated hepatic mRNA expression of constitutive androstane receptor, OATP4, and farnesoid x receptor genes. However, artemisinin treatment showed a reasonable prevention. In conclusion, the current study strikingly revealed that artemisinin treatment can prevent severe hepatotoxicity and cholestasis that led via LCA exposure.
HADC regulates the diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction by targetting MnSOD
Authors: Hou Qian , Hu Ke , Liu Xiaofeng , Quan Jiao , Liu Zehao
Published: September 2018

Vascular dysfunction is a common result of diabetes in humans. However, the mechanism underlying diabetic vascular dysfunction is not fully understood. Here in the present study, we showed that the histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) promoted the endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes. The expression and activity of HDAC2 were up-regulated in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from diabetic patients and mice. The expression of HDAC2 was also increased by high glucose stress in isolated human ECs. HDAC2 knockdown repressed the proliferation rate and promoted high glucose-induced apoptosis of ECs, which was associated with the activation of apoptotic pathways (Bcl-2, Caspase 3, and Bax). By contrast, HDAC2 overexpression led to opposing results. Significantly, we observed that HDAC2 regulated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose in ECs, which accounted for the effects of HDAC2 on proliferation and apoptosis because antioxidants, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or MnTBAP treatment blocked the effects of HDAC2 on apoptosis of ECs under high glucose condition. Mechanism study revealed that HDAC2 bound to the promoter of MnSOD and repressed the expression of MnSOD by regulating the level of acetylated H3K9 and H3K27, which led to the promotion of oxidative stress and contributed to the function of HDAC2 in ECs under high glucose condition. Altogether, our evidence demonstrated that HDAC2-MnSOD signaling was critical in oxidative stress and proliferation as well as the survival of ECs under high glucose condition.
Proteomic analysis of exosomes reveals an association between cell invasiveness and exosomal bioactivity on endothelial and mesenchymal cell migrationin vitro
Authors: Sharma Shayna , Alharbi Mona , Kobayashi Miharu , Lai Andrew , Guanzon Dominic , Zuñiga Felipe , Ormazabal Valeska , Palma Carlos , Scholz-Romero Katherin , Rice Gregory E. , Hooper John D. , Salomon Carlos
Published: September 2018

Ovarian cancer has resulted in over 140 000 deaths reported annually worldwide. This is often attributed to cellular changes in the microenvironment, including increased migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate metastasis. Recently, the ability of exosomes to communicate signals between cells (and promote cancer progression) has been established. In the present study, we explored the effect of exosomes on cells present in the tumour microenvironment. Exosomes were isolated from ovarian cancer cells with different invasive capacity (high = SKOV-3 and low = OVCAR-3) by differential and buoyant density centrifugation and characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blot, and EM. Exosome secretion was positively correlated with invasiveness of releasing cells. Proteomic analyses identified common and unique proteins between exosomes from SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 with gene ontology analyses revealing that these exosomes are involved in the regulation of cell migration. Since the tumour microenvironment contains multiple cell types, including MSCs and ECs, we examined the effect of these exosomes on MSC and EC migration. Exosomes promoted MSC and EC migration in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effect of exosomes isolated from SKOV-3 on cell migration was significantly higher compared with exosomes from OVCAR-3. Thus, we suggest that exosomes from ovarian cancer cells contain a specific set of proteins that are representative of its cell of origin and the invasive capacity.
Unified and fast handover authentication based on link signatures in 5G SDN‐based HetNet
Authors: Yang Jing , Ji Xinsheng , Huang Kaizhi , Chen Yajun , Xu Xiaoming , Yi Ming
Published: September 2018

Existing handover authentication schemes are implemented in the upper layer through cryptographic techniques with different protocols and parameters involved under different handover scenarios, introducing high latency and complexity especially in the next generation (5G) highly heterogeneous network (HetNet). The authors propose to introduce wireless link signatures decided by users' locations as handover authentication data to achieve unified and fast handover authentication at the physical layer in 5G software defined networking‐based HetNet. Specifically, the unique wireless channel characteristics between a user and the serving access point (AP) are extracted as the secure context information (SCI) and transferred to the target AP. The latter determines whether the user is the legitimate one who has already been authenticated according to the received SCI. They then analyse the authentication performance relating to multiple attributes and results demonstrate that the authentication strength can be adaptively adjusted. Furthermore, they find that optimum performance can be achieved by setting a proper decision threshold and derive the sub‐optimal performance by iterative search. Lastly, analysis and simulations on latency and overhead compared with existing ones are conducted and results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Research on strategy about time‐of‐use pricing and economic operation of power supplier based on Stackelberg game
Authors: Shi Wenhao , Wen Xiangming , Han Xi , Lu Zhaoming , Sun Chunlei , Li Yang
Published: September 2018

Demand‐side management is an important method to improve the stability of power consumption and the reliability of power grid. In Energy Internet, the power supplier can obtain more detailed data about users’ behaviour with numerous smart devices and advanced information network. Here, the utility function of power supplier is established by using the utility function of different users at different times, explicitly taking into account the economic operation's impact. The authors propose a Stackelberg game model to formulate the gaming process between users and power supplier. The authors convert the model into a convex problem to maximum power supplier's benefit, and then calculate the corresponding optimal time‐of‐use prices, and optimal economic operation power. The simulation results show that the model is effective and has a better result than the traditional profit‐only model and non‐time‐of‐use electricity pricing model.
Experimental design of a new fast sensorless control of DFIG in complex domain
Authors: Chibah Arezki , Menaa Mohamed , Yazid Krim , Boufertella Ahmed , Djadi Hammou , Boudour Mohamed
Published: September 2018

In this study, a new robust sensorless control of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) in the complex domain has been investigated. The proposed sensorless control is based on the extended complex Kalman filter (ECKF) and proportional–integral complex controller. The design of this sensorless control in the complex domain allowed a threefold objective: a decrease in the system's dimension by half, an optimisation in the implementation of the control strategy and a decrease of the CPU computational time. In fact, to obtain the latter, the dimension of the DFIG model involved in this control has been halved, which leads to a reduction in the control's schema. Moreover, all the matrices involved in the ECKF have smaller dimensions than those of the real extended Kalman filter and no matrix inversion is needed because the output of the system is a scalar variable. The proposed sensorless control has been tested experimentally for several operating points, namely: nominal operation, operation under asymmetrical voltage dip and parameter variations. Moreover, the observability of the complex state model has been analysed and the required conditions for the local weak observability have been defined. The experimental results confirm the theoretical study and show a good reliability and a high rotor speed estimation accuracy.
Thermal analysis of fault‐tolerant electrical machines for aerospace actuators
Authors: Madonna Vincenzo , Giangrande Paolo , Gerada Chris , Galea Michael
Published: September 2018

For safety‐critical applications, electrical machines need to satisfy several constraints, in order to be considered fault tolerant. In fact, if specific design choices and appropriate control strategies are embraced, fault‐tolerant machines can operate safely even in faulty conditions. However, particular care should be taken for avoiding uncontrolled thermal overload, which can either cause severe failures or simply shorten the machine lifetime. This study describes the thermal modelling of two permanent magnet synchronous machines for aerospace applications. In terms of the winding's layout, both machines employ concentrated windings at alternated teeth, with the purpose of accomplishing fault‐tolerance features. The first machine (i.e. Machine A) adopts a three‐phase winding configuration, while a double three‐phase configuration is used by the second one (i.e. Machine B). For both machines, the winding temperatures are evaluated via simplified thermal models, which were experimentally validated. Copper and iron losses, necessary for the thermal simulations, are calculated analytically and through electromagnetic finite‐element analysis, respectively. Finally, two aerospace study cases are presented, and the machines’ thermal behaviour is analysed during both healthy and faulty conditions. Single‐phase open‐circuit and three‐phase short‐circuit are accounted for Machines A and B, respectively.
Fast codebook design method for image vector quantisation
Authors: Fan Hang‐Yu , Lu Zhe‐Ming
Published: September 2018

Vector quantisation (VQ) is a widely used method for data compression or data clustering. This study proposes a fast codebook design method for image VQ. General particle swarm optimisation (PSO)‐K‐means hybrid methods for codebook design take too much time. To deal with this problem, the authors present a new clustering method, which takes a very short time and generates a pretty good codebook. This method contains four parts, i.e. pooling, PSO algorithm, reverse cast, and K‐means algorithm. Pooled images are used for the PSO process while original images are used for K‐means fine‐tuning, and these two processes connected by the reverse cast process. In the authors’ experiment, this method can dramatically reduce the computation time by using big sizes of pooling window or enhance the codebook quality by using small sizes of pooling window. They can make the calculation time almost one‐tenth of that of the PSO‐K‐means hybrid method, and the scheme is also faster than the K‐means algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the main advantages of the proposed algorithm lie in the fact that it can reduce the computation time and enhance the quality of codebooks.
GrabCut algorithm for dental X‐ray images based on full threshold segmentation
Authors: Mao Jiafa , Wang Kaihui , Hu Yahong , Sheng Weiguo , Feng Qixin
Published: September 2018

Teeth are difficult to be destroyed due to their corrosion resistance, high melting point and hardness. Dental biometrics can therefore provide assistance in human forensic identification, especially to the unknown corpses. One of the key issue in dental based human identification is the segmentation of Dental X‐ray images. In this paper, a novel segmentation algorithm has been proposed for this purpose. The proposed algorithm is based on full threshold segmentation. We first obtain the outline image set Iwholen and crown image set Icrownm of the complete target tooth. Morphological open operation is then applied to the difference images of Iwholen and Icrownm. Subsequently, the most complete target tooth image and its corresponding crown image are selected. Getting independent target tooth image Icontour and its crown image Icrown from these two images. Median filtering is applied to the synthetic image of Icontour and Icrown, and the resulted image will be used as the Mask for GrabCut to obtain the target tooth image. Experimental results show our proposed algorithm can effectively overcome the problems of uneven grayscale distribution and adhesion of adjacent crowns in dental X‐ray images. It can also achieve a high segmentation accuracy and outperform related methods to be compared.
Compact coplanar waveguide‐fed reconfigurable fractal antenna for switchable multiband systems
Authors: Braham Chaouche Youcef , Messaoudene Idris , Benmabrouk Ismail , Nedil Mourad , Bouttout Farid
Published: September 2018

In this study, a coplanar waveguide‐fed reconfigurable antenna using crescent‐shaped fractal geometry is presented. The frequency reconfigurable approach is obtained using radio‐frequency positive intrinsic negative diodes, resistor, and inductors. The proposed approach has successfully allowed reconfigurable switching up to eight frequency bands between 1.46 and 6.15 GHz. Good results have been obtained in terms of stable and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The realised gains of the antenna system, in these frequency bands, vary from 0.52 to 5.67 dBi. The designed antenna has the advantages of a multiband structure and compact size over the previously reported structures. The proposed antenna is suitable for future wireless application systems.
Probing modified gravity in cosmic filaments
Authors: Ho Alex , Gronke Max , Falck Bridget , Mota David F.
Published: September 2018

Multiple modifications of general relativity (GR) have been proposed in the literature in order to understand the nature of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. However, thus far all the predictions of GR have been confirmed with constantly increasing accuracy. In this work, we study the imprints of a particular class of models – “screened” modified gravity theories – on cosmic filaments. We have utilized the N-body code ISIS/RAMSES to simulate the symmetron model and the Hu–Sawicky f(R) model, and we post-process the output with DisPerSE to identify the filaments of the cosmic web. We investigated how the global properties of the filaments – such as their lengths, masses, and thicknesses – as well as their radial density and speed profiles change under different gravity theories. We find that filaments are, on average, shorter and denser in modified gravity models compared to in ΛCDM. We also find that the speed profiles of the filaments are enhanced, consistent with theoretical expectations. Overall, our results suggest that cosmic filaments can be an effective complementary probe of screened modified gravity theories on Mpc scales.
Fortbildung für Praxisanleiter – Erfolgsgaranten für das Lernen am Patienten
Authors: Bonno Isabelle
Published: September 2018

Was passiert, wenn der Schule plötzlich das Schulgeld wegfällt, sie deshalb Stellen kürzen muss und Lehrer die Schüler nicht mehr im Praktikum betreuen können? Dann braucht es an den Praktikumsorten Therapeuten, die die Qualität der Ausbildung sichern. Die Heidelberger Physiotherapieschule beispielsweise bietet ihnen dazu eine Fortbildung und stärkt ihre Rolle als Praxisanleiter. So entstehen eine solide Grundlage und ein klarer Rahmen für die Zusammenarbeit, weiß Schulleiterin Barbara Suppé.
Physiotherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Zerebralparese
Authors: Wimmer Christine , Berweck Steffen
Published: September 2018

Physiotherapie bei Kindern mit Zerebralparese ist spezifisch und individuell. Die Ziele orientieren sich an den Bedürfnissen der Kinder und Eltern sowie an
möglichen Sekundärschäden. Der Therapeut benötigt daher umfassende Fachkenntnisse.
Prof. Dr. Jan Mehrholz über die Entwicklungen in der Neuroreha – „Kein Medikament ist in der Neuroreha so effektiv wie die therapeutische Intervention“
Authors: Mehrholz Jan
Published: September 2018

Auf dem Weltkongress der Physiotherapie referieren alle zwei Jahre Physiotherapeuten, die international große Anerkennung für ihre wissenschaftlichen oder politischen Bemühungen erhalten. Im Mai 2019 in Genf ist Jan Mehrholz mit einem Symposium zum robotergestützten Gangtraining dabei. Im Interview berichtet er, warum ihn die Neuroreha auch nach über 20 Jahren noch fasziniert.
Relevance of B3 lesions in breast diagnosis – frequency and therapeutic consequences
Authors: Madjar Christin , Seabert James , Fisseler-Eckhoff Annette , Gustmann Christian , Hoffmann Isabell , Lünstroth-Lenk Doris , Rinast Edgar , von Bruchhausen Carla , Madjar Helmut , Hoffmann Gerald
Published: September 2018

With improvements in breast imaging and minimally invasive interventions, detection of early breast cancer has increased. However, with the improved diagnostic capabilities, the risk of false-positive benign lesions as well as lesions classified as B3 by histopathology has also increased. Varying rates of malignancies are associated with B3 lesions, raising the question of whether such lesions should always be surgically removed. The results of our retrospective analysis should assist in this decision-making process.

307 core needle or vacuum-assisted needle biopsies in which B3 lesions were found were examined. The most common lesions were intraductal papillomas (44 %), atypical ductal hyperplasia (22.8 %), flat epithelial atypia (9.4 %), phyllodes tumours (6.5 %), radial scars (5.9 %), LIN 1 (4.9 %), complex fibroadenomas (3.3 %) and LIN 2 (1.6 %). The frequencies depended considerably on whether the tissue was obtained by core biopsy or vacuum biopsy. Stereotactic vacuum biopsy was generally performed in the case of microcalcification not apparent on sonography. Lesions visible on ultrasound had core needle biopsy.

Surgery was performed in 254 cases and a malignancy was found in 27.2 % on the final histopathology. Malignancy was found in 24.6 % of 114 cases initially diagnosed as intraductal papilloma. Similarly, cancer was discovered in 48.4 % of the 62 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, in 2.4 % of the 41 cases of flat epithelial atypia, complex fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour, in 20.7 % of the 29 cases of LIN 1 and radial scar as well as in 50 % of the 8 cases of LIN 2, adenomyoepithelioma and atypical apocrine metaplasia.

These data indicate the necessity for complete surgical removal of a B3 lesion when it is discovered using the core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy technique. The decision not to perform surgery can be made when the risk of associated malignancy is deemed low in the clinical pathology conference, but careful follow-up is essential.
Transthyretin-Amyloidose (ATTR-Amyloidose): Empfehlungen zum Management in Deutschland und Österreich
Authors: Hund Ernst , Kristen Arnt , Auer-Grumbach Michaela , Geber Christian , Birklein Frank , Schulte-Mattler Wilhelm , Sommer Claudia , Schmidt Hartmut , Röcken Christoph
Published: September 2018

Die Transthyretin-Amyloidose (ATTR-Amyloidose) ist eine seltene, rasch verlaufende neurodegenerative Erkrankung, verursacht durch Mutationen im Transthyretin-Gen. Aufgrund der Seltenheit ist sie wenig bekannt mit der Folge, dass die Diagnose in vielen Fällen nicht oder für eine effektive Therapie zu spät gestellt wird. Therapeutisch steht seit Anfang der 1990er-Jahre die Lebertransplantation zur Verfügung, seit 2011 der oral einzunehmende Transthyretinstabilisator Tafamidis. Weitere Substanzen sind in der klinischen Prüfung oder stehen vor der Zulassung. Hierzu zählen die gentherapeutischen Substanzen Inotersen und Patisiran, die auf dem Boden der RNA-Interferenz wirken, für die Behandlung der Polyneuropathie und Tafamidis zur Behandlung der Kardiomyopathie bei ATTR-Amyloidosen. Die vorliegende Arbeit deutschsprachiger Experten gibt Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik, Management und Therapie von ATTR-Amyloidosen und soll helfen, diese erbliche, heute aber gut behandelbare, Erkrankung einem weiteren Kreis von Ärzten bekannt zu machen.
Das Ganglabor – neue Potenziale in der neurologischen Gangrehabilitation
Authors: Rogg Kristin , Boese Anne , Schwan Andreas , Buschfort Rüdiger
Published: September 2018

„Ich möchte wieder laufen können!“ Diesen Satz kennt wohl jeder Therapeut, der in der neurologischen Rehabilitation tätig ist. Was nun, wenn die momentan
erbrachten konventionellen Therapieleistungen in ihrer Frequenz und Intensität nicht ausreichend sind? Oder anders gefragt: Warum bleiben eigentlich so viele
Menschen nach einem Schlaganfall in ihrer Mobilität eingeschränkt? Das individualisierte Trainingssetting Ganglabor kann hierfür einen Lösungsweg aufzeigen.
Periphere Ischämie bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenthrombosen: neue Einblicke durch die Ultraweitwinkelfundusfotografie und Weitwinkelangiografie
Authors: Böker Alexander , Seibel Ira , Rübsam Anne , Joussen Antonia , Zeitz Oliver
Published: September 2018

Hintergrund Bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern spielen sich pathophysiologische Prozesse in der äußersten Netzhautperipherie ab. So ist bei der diabetischen Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen die periphere Netzhaut häufig ischämisch. Gleichzeitig gehört die Bildgebung der peripheren Netzhaut zu den anspruchsvollsten Untersuchungstechniken in der Augenheilkunde. Neue Ultraweitwinkel-Kamerasysteme versprechen hier erhebliche Vereinfachungen, was zu einer breiteren Anwendung führen könnte. Dadurch wiederum könnte die Untersuchung der peripheren Netzhaut eine neue klinische Bedeutung erlangen.

Material und Methoden Literatur- und Datenbankrecherche zum Thema Ultraweitwinkel-Fundusbildgebung bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen.

Ergebnisse Mit der Ultraweitwinkelfotografie bzw. -angiografie lässt sich bis zu 3,2 × mehr Netzhautfläche abbilden als mit den bisher in Studien üblichen 7SF-Aufnahmen (7SF: 7 Standardfelder). Erste Anwendungsstudien legen nahe, dass in 10% der Fälle relevante diabetische Veränderungen außerhalb der Grenzen von 7SF-Aufnahmen liegen. Bei der Zentralvenenthrombose gibt es Hinweise, dass Patienten mit mehr peripherer Ischämie (gemessen als ischämischer Index [ISI]) ausgedehntere Makulaödeme haben. Auch hat das Ausmaß der Ischämie einen Einfluss auf das Ausmaß eines Makulaödems, seinen Rückgang unter Therapie und die Zahl der benötigten Injektionen mit Anti-VEGF-Inhibitoren.

Diskussion Mit den Ultraweitwinkel-Funduskamerasystemen kann die Netzhautperipherie, insbesondere ischämische Areale und Neovaskularisationen, über die Grenzen der konventionellen Methoden hinaus dargestellt werden. Bisherige Studien weisen darauf hin, dass mit diesen Verfahren Veränderungen sichtbar gemacht werden können, die mittels Standardtechniken, insbesondere 7SF, übersehen werden. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Relevanz dieser Veränderungen für die Prognose und Steuerung der Therapie stehen noch aus.
Placenta – Worth Trying? Human Maternal Placentophagy: Possible Benefit and Potential Risks
Authors: Johnson Sophia , Pastuschek Jana , Rödel Jürgen , Markert Udo , Groten Tanja
Published: September 2018

The use of placenta preparations as an individual puerperal remedy can be traced back to historical, traditional practices in Western and Asian medicine. To evaluate the ingestion of processed placenta as a puerperal remedy, the potential risks (trace elements, microorganisms) and possible benefit (hormones in the placental tissue) of such a practice are discussed in this article based on a literature review.
Acute Aortocaval Fistula Secondary to Chronic Type 1 B Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Endoleak
Authors: Mouawad Nicolas J. , Quarrie Ricardo , Starr Jean
Published: September 2018

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), involving less than 1% of all AAA and is associated with high morbidity and mortality; it is even more uncommon, following endovascular aneurysm repair. The clinical presentation can be variable and making the diagnosis can be difficult. It can present with symptoms and signs of an abdominal emergency or systemic hypoperfusion. The traditional method of repair has been open surgery, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Endovascular repair has become more common, but results are difficult to interpret due to the low incidence of ACF. A high index of suspicion is imperative to avoid delay in diagnosis and care.
Foreign Body Removal in the Craniomaxillofacial Complex: Indications, Techniques, and Treatment
Authors: Suresh Visakha , Powers David
Published: September 2018

Foreign body migration in the deep spaces of the neck is particularly concerning due to the increased risk of damage to the great vessels and nerves. In addition, migration often cannot be easily predicted as objects may travel outside the confines of anatomic fascial planes. Although patients may be asymptomatic for years prior to presentation, timely removal of foreign bodies is ideal to preclude injury to important vascular and neurological structures as well as to prevent the development of recurrent infections and foreign body reactions. The authors report two cases of removal of migrated foreign bodies that presented at their institution. In one case, they report the use of intraoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging to help locate the position of a migrating dental needle. In another, they report the retrieval of a bullet fragment six months after the initial trauma. The classic method for retrieval of foreign bodies within the craniomaxillofacial complex centered around review of static radiographic imaging and a “blind,” broad exposure of the site in an attempt to localize and retrieve the material. This often resulted in iatrogenic injuries to surrounding structures or migration of the foreign body to a location, which may cause the patient additional harm. The utilization of intraoperative CT technology and computer navigation affords the craniomaxillofacial surgeon an additional tool for retrieval of these foreign bodies, often in a manner that affords minimally invasive surgical approaches, identification of vital structures within the operative field, and decrease in overall operative time for removal. Referral to institutions, which have this technology, should be considered early in the operative care of patients who encounter retained foreign bodies in the craniomaxillofacial region.
Nutzung von Routinedaten für die psychiatrische und psychosomatische Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Zielasek J. , Kowitz S. , Gaebel W.
Published: September 2018

Es wird die Frage untersucht, ob und wie sich mit den bisher vorliegenden Routinedaten aus der stationären psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Versorgung und deren – unter der Entwicklung eines neuen Entgeltsystems sich abzeichnenden – Erweiterungen sowie unter den gegenwärtigen gesetzlichen Voraussetzungen ihrer Nutzbarkeit eine aussagefähige Versorgungsforschung durchführen lässt. Es wird skizziert, welche Untersuchungen bereits mit den bisherigen Daten möglich waren und welche Untersuchungen bereits realisiert wurden. Ferner wird analysiert, inwieweit die künftigen Erweiterungen der Routinedatenerhebung darüber hinausgehen werden und welche zusätzlichen Daten realistischerweise wünschenswert zu inkludieren wären.
Suchtpsychiatrie und –psychotherapie – Entwicklungslinien und Fortschritte
Authors: Batra A. , Petersen K. U.
Published: September 2018

Von der Definition der Sucht als einer primären chronischen Hirnerkrankung ausgehend wird die historische Entwicklung der zentralen Auffassungen dieser Definition skizziert. Die Entwicklungslinien hinsichtlich des Suchtkonzepts, der Diagnostik und der Behandlung von Sucht werden vorsichtig spekulativ in die Zukunft verlängert.