bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of aqueous extract from Stephanolepis hispidus on blood pressure in the normal and in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luiza , Silva Daniela Brum da , Andrade Andressa de , Carrazzoni Daniela , Vaz Marta Regina Cezar , Peraza Gianni Goulart , Furlong Eliana Badiale , Soares Maria Cristina Flores
Published: October 2022

The present study was aimed to investigating the antihypertensive effect of the aqueous extract from skin fish Stephanolepis hispidus in normotensive and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. The treatment of rats with L-NAME (60 mg/L, drinking water) caused a sustained increased in rat blood pressure (BP). Aqueous extract of Stephanolepis hispidus (AqeSh) restored rat BP to normal levels in the L-NAME-treated hypertensive rats. Moreover, AqeSh was able to prevent the increase of BP induced by L-NAME. At the end of the treatment no difference in body weight and vital organs were noted between the control and treated groups. Hematological and biochemical studies revealed no differences in treated animal except AST and ALT profile, may due to the presence of L-NAME. These results suggest that oral administration of AqeSh prevent the increase of BP in L-NAME-induced hypertension that may be mediated partially by nitrite and nitrate present in the skin.
Breastfeeding: historical aspects of the brazilian public politics
Authors: Moreira Michelle Araújo , Lopes Regina Lúcia Mendonça
Published: October 2022

The politics public Brazilians maids for the breast-feeding moved forward, in spite of the focus to be returned, prioritary for the children, justified for the mortality rate. It was aimed at to rescue the public political principal historical aspects with relationship to the breast-feeding. I study qualitative, descriptive and bibliographical that, it counted as historical cutting the period from 1985 to 2005. The preliminary rising, tends the term to the breast-feeding and the language the Portuguese, it was done in the base of data of Scientific Eletronic Library Online - SciELO, site of Brazil, and they were identified 8 scientific goods. Later, they were read books and master's degree dissertations to have the thematic breast-feeding. During the analysis, we noticed that the actions in breast-feeding moved forward in the decade of 80, and that the scientific production was more strengthened in São Paulo. It is necessary that the subjects shimmer the breast-feeding as a changeable historical process, and that the scientific production involves factors social, political, economical, cultural and existential. Key words: formulation of politics; breast-feeding; the woman's health.
Being human with yourself and the others in nursing: an essay
Authors: Souza Maria de Lourdes de , Do Prado Marta Lenise , Monticelli Marisa , Radünz Vera , Carraro Telma Elisa
Published: October 2022

The subject to be human with yourself and the others in nursing emerges from the daily activities of the nursing. It involves various interlocutors, such as, the user of the service, family, living net and the members of the health team. The objective is to point out the necessity of to be human with yourself and the others in nursing to the nurses and nursing students. This essay is a result of the reflections arising in the Care and Comfort Research Group on the Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Some of the ideas are based on a non-systematic bibliographical study. The development of the reflections required time to recognize in practical some components of this assay. The tactical patience showed to be fundamental to conquer the necessary changes in terms of investment of to be human with yourself and the others in nursing. Patience is defined here as the capacity to invest energy and to reach success, against all the apparent adversities; to light and to live the fire of passion; to create opportunities for the distinct workers of the nursing, by observing the talents and the different ways to contribute for the healthful working environment. We conclude that to be human with yourself and the others in nursing is a continuous transformation because the talents are revealed as part of a synergistic effect which increases engagement in creative processes and results and it is capable of surprising the most ardent skeptics and to assume an enterprising attitude of this bigger issue - that to be human with yourself and the others in nursing in the accomplishment of the nursing working.

Keywords: Human development; Human resources; Nursing care.
Legal Regulation of the Professional Income Tax in Russia
Authors: Boziev R. M.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the analysis of issues related to the legal regulation of the professional income tax in Russia also often referred to as the self-employed tax. It is noted that one of the problems of the current legislation is the lack of a legally fixed concept of the self-employed. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the professional income tax is the only special tax regime that can be applied by individuals who are not individual entrepreneurs. The peculiarity of the professional income tax is manifested in the presence of such optional elements of the legal structure as an authorized entity (an operator of an electronic platform and (or) a credit institution), a digital subsystem (My Tax mobile application), and a special type of tax benefits — a tax bonus. In addition, within the framework of the special tax regime under consideration, the legal status of the tax authority is being transformed: part of the rights and obligations of the taxpayer is delegated to it, in particular, the right to send an order to the bank to write off and transfer funds from the taxpayer’s bank account to pay tax, as well as the right to reduce the amount of tax due by the tax bonus.
Reputational Security and Media Security of Companies and Projects in the context of Sustainable Development Goals and ESG Principles
Authors: Nikishin V. D.
Published: October 2022

In the information field of high-tech projects, the following speech actions can be committed that form the objective side of offenses (crimes): defamation (defamatory speech actions), faking (fake speech acts), verbal extremism (extremist speech actions). It is proved that defamatory and fake information attacks are also possible in connection with the «interpretation» of publicly available «green» information about the organization: its statements and ESG strategy, non-financial reporting, etc. — for compliance with 1) planned entities — entities reflected in non-financial statements; 2) entities reflected in statements, strategies, non-financial reporting — actual data. Due to the fact that in the emerging judicial practice of ESG disputes, the attention of courts is paid to the form of statements, when considering such disputes, it is proposed to use the tools developed within the framework of judicial linguistics to identify the meaning (content) of units of various levels, determine the meaning or form of expression of meaning and classify it to a certain class (statement, opinion, assessment, assumption), establishing the presence or absence of certain content in the text, etc. The author proves that ensuring media security is an integral part of sustainable development and proposes a definition of the media security and reputational security of an organization (project). The paper provides for the risk management model of the media security of the organization (project). It is proved that from the point of view of project management, media security risk management claims to be an independent group of processes within the framework of project management. Media security risk management relies on the tools embedded in the methodology of the law of sustainable development: on system analysis and decision-making theory.
Prevention of complications after the surgical treatment of the facial fractures
Authors: Demyanova Anastasia V , Amkhadova Malkan A , Ivanova Elena , Demyanov Vladimir I. , Amkhadov Islam S
Published: October 2022

In modern society, with a high rate of industrialization and, at the same time, a decrease in the standard of living, an increase in maxillofacial injury (MFI) has been noted, ranging from 6 to 16% of the total number of injuries. In addition, MFI is a public health problem due to its high prevalence and the need for resources to treat it, as well as the financial and social impact of MFI victims on the health care system. Osteosynthesis of the bones of the facial skeleton with titanium miniplates and screws is an effective way to treat fractures of the bones of the facial skull. According to the studied literature sources, researchers continue to search for the most inert materials for surgical otheosynthesis. Samples of various materials are examined for the adhesive ability of the main pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases, inertness, toxicity and other indicators. But studies are few and there is no conclusive evidence in favor of either material. However, the use of titanium miniplates and screws coated with silicon carbide is advisable for the prevention of postoperative complications. The use of titanium miniplates and screws coated with silicon carbide is the method of choice in the treatment of infected fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton.
Organization of accelerated recovery and early rehabilitation of surgical patients within the framework of the service of anesthesiology and resuscitation: literature review
Authors: Manevskiy Andrey A. , Sviridov Sergey V. , Oprishchenko Sergey A. , Polunina Natalya V. , Polunin Valeri S.
Published: October 2022

Accelerated recovery after surgery, according to publications, has been developed since 1980 and is a multimodal strategy aimed at reducing the physiological response to surgical trauma, rapid recovery and early discharge of the patient. This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of introducing a methodology for accelerated recovery of the patient after surgery and early discharge from the surgical hospital. A study of the literature and formulation of a theoretical algorithm for the implementation of the process of accelerated recovery after surgery or fast track. According to publications, accelerated recovery from surgery has been developed since 1980 and is a multimodal strategy intended to reduce the physiological response to surgical trauma and accelerating recovery and early discharge of the patient. This concept consists of scientifically based approaches to the perioperative and postoperative management of surgical patients and represents a radical revision of the established traditional approach. Solving organizational issues of implementing the fast track concept in multidisciplinary hospitals in our country is a key factor toward wider dissemination and implementation of accelerated recovery after surgery.
Clinical Variations of Uveitis in Immuno-Inflammatory Diseases. Review of the Literature. Part 1
Authors: Davydova G. A. , Lisitsyna T. A. , Kovaleva L. A. , Sorozhkina E. S. , Zaitseva A. A. , Baisangurova A. A.
Published: October 2022

Non-infectious uveitis is one of the main and insufficiently studied causes of disability and blindness in patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. Uveitis associated with spondyloarthritis, Behcet’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome are described more often and better than others, but the pathogenesis of different variants of their course is not well understood. Also, there remains a need to study the clinical and pathogenetic features of uveitis in rare autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Despite the currently existing diagnostic and therapeutic schemes, further study of the pathogenesis of uveitis associated with immune-inflammatory diseases is required, the research of a personalized approach and an algorithm for joint multidisciplinary diagnosis by specialists in various fields. A deeper understanding of the specific pathogenetic mechanisms will reveal new possibilities in the treatment of patients with autoimmune uveitis. This article is devoted to the current clinical and differential diagnostic aspects, common features and distinctive features associated with various variants of the course of non-infectious uveitis in patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases.
Salzmann’s Nodular Degeneration
Authors: Trufanov S. V. , Riks I. A. , Ezugbaya M.
Published: October 2022

Saltzman’s nodular degeneration is a rare, non-inflammatory, slowly progressive degenerative disease of the cornea characterized by bluish-white nodules elevated above the surface of the cornea. More often nodules are located in the mid periphery of the cornea, they can spread into the optical zone. Sometimes localize along the limbus. They consist of dense heterogeneous collagen tissue with hyalinization, localized between the epithelium and Bowman’s layer. Can penetrate deeper into the stroma. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of the lesion is unclear. It is considered that this condition is associated with a violation of the structural relationship of epithelial cells against the background of chronic inflammation of the ocular surface, which leads to the destruction of the Bowman’s layer, the activation and migration of fibroblasts anteriorly, and the deposition of a disorganized extracellular matrix in subepithelial nodules. Clinically, the disease can be manifested by irritation and inflammation of the ocular surface, dryness or decreased vision, more often due to flattening of the cornea and astigmatism. In some cases, the formed tissue can be easily separated from the corneal surface, leaving Bowman’s layer almost intact. In this case, a subsequent phototherapeutic keratectomy may be required to “smooth” the surface. Relapses in these eyes are rare. In other situations (often with extensive peripheral vascularization), the lesions involve the anterior stroma, making it more difficult to remove them while maintaining the smoothness of the cornea. Several laser ablation procedures may be required, but there is a high risk of recurrence with this approach. It may be necessary to treat the meibomian gland’ dysfunction and dry eye syndrome that often accompanies Saltzman’s degeneration to reduce the risk of disease progression.
Definition of Intraocular Lens Position after Suture Fixation to the Iris in Remote Post-Op Period with Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Nikitin V. N. , Ivanov D. I.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Intracapsular IOL position is optimal from optical point of view and in anatomical sense results in formation of a new structure — IOL-capsular bag complex (ICBC). Stable IOL position in post-op period in some cases may be disturbed in some cases due to capsular bag fibrosis or progressive involution zonulolysis against the background of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The disturbance of correct IOL optic part position (tilt/decentration) results in a decrease of visual acuity and appearance of optic aberrations. ICBC is a dynamic structure from architectonic point of view. Fibrosis of capsular sheets and increase of equatorial cortex (Zommering ring) may result to IOL shift in long term post-op period. Accurate definition of these parameters is crucial for estimation of impact on visual functions. The existing methods of IOL position definition are based on various principles, therefore, it is not correct to compare the parameters obtained with various devices.

Pursope. To develop a method of IOL tilt and decentration definition with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, AS-OCT) and to define these parameters after suture fixation of IOL-capsular bag complex to the iris in remote post-op period.

Methods. The parameters of 50 eyes operated from 2014 to 2016 for ICBC dislocation were estimated. The patients were examined again in 5 years or later. Definition of IOL position was performed with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, ASOCT) using Cornea Crossline protocol. For estimation of obtained parameters and their deviation from normal the study group was compared with a control group of 30 pseudophakic eyes with high uncorrected visual acuity.

Results. In the study group the following data was obtained. Mean value of IOL tilt angle was 3.02 ± 2.04° in the horizontal meridian and 2.39 ± 1.4° in the vertical meridian. Decentration from the center of non-mydriatic pupil was 396 ± 222 microns in the horizontal meridian and 455 ± 278 microns in the vertical meridian. In the control group mean value of IOL tilt angle was 3.04° ± 1.28° in the horizontal meridian and 1.43° ± 0.53° in the vertical meridian. Decentration from the center of non-mydriatic pupil was 190 ± 114 microns in the horizontal meridian and 259 ± 108 microns in the vertical meridian. The difference between the groups is statistically significant (p < 0,05).

Conclusion. The developed method allows non-contact definition of IOL position (tilt/decentration) with optical coherence tomography (Optovue, AS-OCT). The obtained data shows stable correct frontal position of IOL optic part in remote post-op period after suture fixation of ICBC to the iris.
Biomarkers of Allostatic Load in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Fabrikantov O. L. , Lev I. V. , Agarkov N. M.
Published: October 2022

Diabetic retinopathy occupies a special place among the causes of the progression of decrease and loss of visual acuity, significantly impairing the quality of life and age-related viability, an integral indicator that is considered allostatic load. However, the allostatic load in patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy, as well as in other ophthalmological diseases, has not been practically studied and biomarkers characterizing the allostatic load of patients with diabetic retinopathy remain unknown.

Purpose. To study of allostatic load in patients with diabetic retinopathy and the identification of biomarkers that most determine it.

Patients and methods. Allostatic load was studied in 78 elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and in 62 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy. Allostatic load was analyzed according to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, albumins, C-reactive protein, homocysteine in the blood and glomerular filtration rate.

Results. The most pronounced and statistically significant excess in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with patients with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy was found to be the content of glycated hemoglobin in the blood up to 10.2 % versus 7.4 % and homocysteine up to 15.5 mmol/l versus 7.9 mmol/l, respectively. The value of the allostatic index was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy, amounting to 4.6 ± 0.4 points, versus 2.9 ± 0.3 points in patients with diabetes mellitus without ophthalmopathology under consideration (p < 0.001). Factor analysis made it possible to identify biomarkers of allostatic load in patients with diabetic retinopathy — glycated hemoglobin, homocysteine, triglycerides and albumins.

Conclusion. These biomarkers are proposed to be used in assessing the age-related viability and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures carried out among patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Spontaneous Breakaway of Tractional Flap Tear during Acute Posterior Vitreous Detachment after Laser Retinopexy
Authors: Shaimova V. A. , Trublin V. N. , Islamova G. R. , Kuchkildina S. Kh. , Shaimov T. B. , Shaimov R. B. , Kravchenko T. G. , Titova S. V.
Published: October 2022

Flap tears in the peripheral retina are the most dangerous for the occurrence of regmatogenous retinal detachment (61–83 %), as they are always the result of dynamic vitreoretinal traction. The main method of preventing of regmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with flap tears is laser treatment. Prophylactic laser retinopexy is performed to create an area of sufficient chorioretinal adhesion completely surrounding the retinal break. Currently, the method of non-contact navigated laser retinopexy is widely used. It is safe and well-tolerated procedure equally effective to traditional laser coagulation. The reason for the progression of retinal detachment, which occurs despite preventive therapy, may be insufficient fusion around the retinal break, or the active traction force during the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The method of flap retinotomy using modern YAG laser systems with coaxial illumination have been reported in the literature, but there are no publications on spontaneous breakaway of tractional flap tear during acute PVD progression. The case of spontaneous breakaway of tractional flap tear during acute posterior vitreous detachment after laser retinopexy is presented. A 55-year-old woman complained of floaters and photopsias in her left eye within a day. Multimodal examination was performed: visometry, perimetry, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound B-scanning, optical coherence tomography of the retina, fundus photoregistration. Laser treatment was performed with the Navilas Laser System 577s using the non-contact ncPRP lens.

Results: The examination revealed a flap tear in the upper nasal segment with subretinal fluid around and spot hemorrhage. Preventive non-contact laser coagulation of the retina was performed in six rows together along the entire border of the tear. 11 days after the operation, the patient applied again with complaints of increased photopsias within a day. During the examination, spontaneous breakaway of the flap from the base, complete retinal attachment, absence of intraocular hemorrhage were revealed.

Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and preventive laser retinopexy of peripheral retinal flap tear contributed to the prevention of development of the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Use of images for early identification of water stress
Authors: Alves Renata Fernandes , Putti Fernando Ferrari
Published: October 2022

The instability of climatic events intimidates the development of crops at a global level, as it can cause serious economic and social consequences in the face of increased demand for food. In this scenario, the use of images for early identification of water stress is considered a form of non-destructive identification of physical, biochemical, and plant development-related responses. Water deficit is responsible for triggering a series of responses in the plant due to the increase in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the accumulation of Abscisic Acid (ABA) that promotes the closing of the stomata, limiting the evaporative cooling capacity performed by the plant, given the increase in its leaf temperature. The present article investigates the relationship between the water deficit in the plant and the consequent increase in its leaf temperature.
Predictores de la pertenencia a partidos políticos y movimientos sociales en Quito-Ecuador
Authors: Zumárraga-Espinosa Marcos
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo explora comparativamente los determinantes de la membrecía a partidos políticos y organizaciones de movimientos sociales en el contexto político ecuatoriano del periodo 2017-2019. El diseño metodológico corresponde a una investigación transversal repetida, con tres muestras recolectadas en Quito-Ecuador en los años 2017 (n1 = 1136), 2018 (n2 = 1520) y 2019 (n3 = 824), mediante la aplicación de encuestas presenciales. Para el análisis de datos se elaboraron modelos de regresión logística con el fin de detectar los factores que influyen en la probabilidad individual de pertenecer a partidos políticos o, por otra parte, a movimientos sociales. Los resultados empíricos revelan que si bien factores como la eficacia política interna y la exposición online a acciones de reclutamiento favorecen generalizadamente la pertenencia a organizaciones políticas, también existen diferencias en el patrón explicativo de la membrecía según se trate de partidos políticos o movimientos sociales.
Long-Term Results of the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Ischemia of the Lower Limbs in Combination With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Alekyan B. G. , Karapetyan N. G. , Chupin A. V. , Zotikov A. E. , Varava A. B. , Knish Ju. B. , Sedgaryan M. A.
Published: October 2022

Aim      To compare long-term outcomes of x-ray endovascular (percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, and lower limb angioplasty with stent placement, LLA; group 1) and combination treatments (PCI and open LLA surgery; group 2) in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia (CLLI) associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Material and methods  This retrospective study has been conducted in the Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery since 2019. The study includes 92 patients with stage 2B CLLI associated with IHD who were managed from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2020. Long-term outcomes were evaluated in 76 (82.6 %) patients. The endpoint was severe cardiovascular complications (CVC), including death, myocardial infarction, and acute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD).

Results In group 1 during the long-term period, 1 (2.7%) fatal outcome due to pneumonia was observed. In group 2, 4 (10 %) patients died: 1 (2.5 %) patient due to ACVD, 1 (2.5 %) patient due to progression of oncological process, and 2 2 (5 %) patients due to COVID-19. Also, 2 (5.5 %) and 1 (2.5 %) cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were observed in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.61).

Conclusion      In the x-ray endovascular (group1) and the combination (group 2) intervention groups, lethal outcomes due to myocardial infarction were absent. This fact confirms the importance of PCI in patients with CLLI for prevention of possible ACS in the long-term. Both therapeutic tactics in managing CLLI patients with IHD demonstrated high safety and clinical efficacy during the hospital and long-term periods and can be extensively used in routine clinical practice.
Prognostic value of non-traditional lipid parameters: Castelli Risk Index I, Castelli Risk Index II, and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio among patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during 1‑year follow-up
Authors: Drwiła Dominika , Rostoff Paweł , Nessler Jadwiga , Konduracka Ewa
Published: October 2022

Aim    Concentrations of classical lipoproteines have a well-established role in non-invasive cardiology. The efficacy of the Castelli Risk Index I (CRI I), Castelli Risk Index II (CRI II), and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG / HDL-C) ratio in clinical practice are currently under evaluation. The study aimed to assess the predictive value of CRI I, CRI II and TG / HDL-C for the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and for all-cause mortality during 1‑year follow-up of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Material and Methods    1,301 patients were enrolled in the study. Associations between CRI I, CRI II, TG / HDL-C and occurrence of MACE and 1‑year mortality were studied. Moreover correlations between CRI I, CRI II, and TG / HDL-C and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed.Results    MACE occurred in 10.9 % (142) of patients, and 1‑year mortality was 13.4 % (174). None of the evaluated indices appeared to be an independent predictor of MACE in either the entire population or subpopulations, as divided according to the presence of diabetes or CAD diagnosed prior to admission. Furthermore, no dependence between 1‑year mortality and the examined indices was found. Additionally, only a weak correlation between CAD severity and CRI I was observed (R=0.08, p=0.02). No significant correlations for CRI II (p=0.07) and TG / HDL-C (p=0.6) were detected.Conclusions    CRI I, CRI II and TG / HDL-C should not be used as predictors of MACE or all-cause mortality among patients with NSTEMI. Moreover, these indices do not reflect CAD severity.
Study on the morphology of nutrient foramens in humerus and its surgical implications
Authors: Ashwini N S  , Ravikiran H R
Published: October 2022

Long bones have large or small foramina for the entry of the blood-vessels. Such foramens are known as the nutrient foramina which are large in the shafts of the largest long bones. Such foramina lead to nutrient canals through which the blood vessels enters the bone supplying the medullary cavity. The site of entry and the direction of the nutrient foramina are almost constant and are directed away from the growing ends. The nutrient artery that passes through these foramina are the main source of blood supply to humerus and is particularly important during growth period in the embryo and foetus and also during the early stage of ossification.

a. To determine the direction of nutrient foramen in humerus. b. To determine the number of nutrient foramen of humerus. c. To determine the location of nutrient foramen of humerus.

The study was conducted on 120 adult humeri that were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Kolar, karnataka. Bones were segregated into right and left and observed for the direction, number and location of nutrient foramens in humerus

In the present study, the percentage of humerus bones with one nutrient foramen was 87% and two foramina was 9% and absent in 4%. Single nutrient foramen on right humerus bones was 92% and left side was 4% and absent in 4%. Single nutrient foramen on left humerus bones was 83% and left side was 13% and absent in 4%. 59% of the bones had nutrient foramen that were located on the medial border. Following which, the order was Anteromedial surface in (25%), Lateral border in (5%), Posterior surface in (3%) and anterior border in (3%). 81% had the nutrient foramen that was located in the middle 1/3rd, 11% at the junction between middle 1/3rd and lower 1/3rd and 3% in the lower 1/3rd of humerus. All the nutrient foramina were directed towards the elbow joint and was away from the growing end as per the law of ossification.

Nutrient artery is the main source of blood supply to long bones that enters through the nutrient foramen. The surgical and anatomical knowledge of nutrient foramen in humerus or any long bone is important for orthopaedic surgeons and general surgeons during surgical procedures on the humerus such as vascular surgeries, bone grafting and transplantation.
Efficacy of four different irrigation systems on the removal of calcium hydroxide from the root canal, study: Original research
Authors: Kumar Sourya , Gupta Aditi
Published: October 2022

: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) has been used as a root canal medicament due to its antimicrobial activity and organic tissue dissolution capacity. To, increase the efficiency and success of root canal/endodontics treatment calcium hydroxide has to be removed from the canals walls. This study evaluate and compare four different irrigation system i.e. Conventional Irrigation (plastic 30 gauge needle), Sonic Irrigation ( Endoactivator), Ultrasonic Continuous Irrigation and Negative pressure with Endo Irrigation plus.

For carrying out this study we have used 50 extracted premolar roots, preserved in sodium hypochlorite. Then they were randomly allocated five in four groups (n=10) and a control group. Specimen were statistically analysed by Kruskal Wallis test. All Testing was performed at significance level P-values 0.05. The analysis was carried out with social sciences version (SPSS)17.0 for Windows(SPSSInc.,Chicago, IL,USA).

: In our present study we have found that None of the techniques used was completely able to remove Ca(OH)2 from the root canals. But the Sonic irrigation system (Endoactivator) has some potential benefit in removal of calcium hydroxide.
Comments on the Conduct of Expert Examinations of Accounts Before the Prosecution Authorities and Judicial
Authors: Cărcăle Victor Andrei
Published: October 2022

In the present article, limiting ourselves only to accounting expertise and taking into account the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which has made important changes to the way in which expertise is granted, we propose to highlight the principles that the prosecution authorities in particular must follow when administering this evidence.
Perspectives on Discrimination and the European Law Combating IT
Authors: Gălăţeanu Oana Elena
Published: October 2022

By discrimination we mean that action whereby certain persons are treated differently from others or bear the restriction of certain rights unfairly, on the basis of groundless reasons.

Direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and instigation to discrimination have been identified as forms of discrimination at social level. At the level of international society, preventing and combating any form of discrimination by resorting to the most appropriate legal measures represent a concern even today.

The right on non-discrimination prohibits those cases whereby persons or groups of persons in a similar situation are treated differently, and situations where persons or groups of persons in different situations are treated in the same way. The aim of the right on non-discrimination is to guarantee to all people equal and fair prospects of access to the opportunities granted by the society.

The discrimination’s different manifestation forms, the criteria underlying discriminatory behavior, the areas where it manifests itself and some perspectives regarding the European non-discrimination law will be presented in this study.
Reforming the Normative Frarmework of Public Function: Comparative View of Romanian and French Legislation
Authors: Patrascu Cristina
Published: October 2022

The present article offers a brief analysis of the main juridical elements that shape the necessary framework for the organisation and coordination of public function in two administrative systems, namely Romania and France, as well as the most recent normative changes, objectives and accomplishments of public function reform in the two states. Explored mainly through qualitative methods (evaluation of specialized legislation and literature and the comparative approach), the complex topic of public function, and its newest evolutions in the countries under study, offers an interesting and rich field of research.

Similarities and differences between the two reform processes and approaches have been highlighted, together with the results attained.
The effect of the 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S translocation on the productivity and quality of spring bread wheat grain
Authors: Sibikeev S. N. , Gultyaeva E. I. , Druzhin A. E. , Andreeva L. V.
Published: October 2022

The 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S translocation with the Lr29 gene attracts the attention of bread wheat breeders by its effectiveness against Puccinia triticina. However, its impact on useful agronomic traits has been little studied. In this report, the prebreeding value of 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S was studied in analogue lines (ALs) of spring bread wheat cultivars Saratovskaya 68 and Saratovskaya 70 during 2019–2021. The presence of the Lr29 gene was conf irmed by using molecular marker Lr29F24. The ALs with the Lr29 gene were highly resistant to P. triticina against a natural epiphytotics background and in laboratory conditions. 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S in Saratovskaya 68 ALs reduced grain productivity in all years of research. On average, the decrease was 35 and 42 %, or in absolute f igures 1163 and 1039 against 1802 kg/ha in the cultivar-recipient. In Saratovskaya 70 ALs, there was a decrease in grain yield in 2019 and 2020, and there were no differences in 2021. On average, the decrease was 18 and 32 %, or in absolute f igures 1101 and 912 against 1342 kg/ha in the cultivar-recipient. The analogues of both cultivars showed a signif icant decrease in the weight of 1000 grains, which ranged from 14 to 20 % for Saratovskaya 68 and 17–18 % for Saratovskaya 70. An increase in the period of germination-earing was noted only in Saratovskaya 68 lines, which averaged 1.3 days. ALs of Saratovskaya 70 had no differences in this trait. 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S did not affect plant height and lodging resistance in all ALs. Studies of the bread-making quality in lines with 7DL-7Ae#1L·7Ae#1S revealed a signif icant increase in grain protein and gluten content. As for the effect on the alveograph indicators, there were differences between ALs of both cultivars. While Saratovskaya 68 ALs had a decrease in elasticity and in the ratio of dough tenacity to the extensibility, Saratovskaya 70 lines had an increase in these indicators. All lines increased the f lour strength and the loaves volume, but while Saratovskaya 68 ALs had an increased porosity rating, Saratovskaya 70 ALs had the same rating as the recipient.
Molecular genetic detection and differentiation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, bacterial leaf streak agents of rice
Authors: Koroleva M. L. , Blinova S. A. , Shvartsev A. A. , Kurochkin V. E. , Alekseev Ya. I.
Published: October 2022

The genus Xanthomonas comprises phytopathogenic bacteria which infect about 400 host species, including a wide variety of economically important plants. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Fang et al., 1957) Swings et al., 1990 is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak (BLS) being one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of rice. BLS symptoms are very similar to those of bacterial blight caused by closely related Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. X. o. pv. oryzae and X. o. pv. oryzicola and often occur in rice f ields simultaneously, so separate leaves may show symptoms of both diseases. The quarantine status and high severity of the pathogen require a highly eff icient, fast and precise diagnostic method. We have developed an assay for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and PCR amplicon sequencing. The DNA samples of X. o. pv. oryzae and X. o. pv. oryzicola were obtained from the collection of CIRM-CFBR (France). To evaluate the analytical sensitivity of the assay, a vector construct based on the pAL2-T plasmid was created through the insertion of X. o. pv. oryzicola target fragment (290 bp). Primers and a probe for qPCR were selected for the hpa1 gene site. They allowed identifying all the strains the sequences of which had been loaded in the GenBank NCBI Nucleotide database before November 11, 2021. The SeqX.o.all sequencing primers were selected for the hrp gene cluster sequence, namely for the nucleotide sequence encoding the Hpa1 protein, the sequencing of which allows for eff icient differentiation of X. oryzae species. The analytical specif icity of the system was tested using the DNAs of 53 closely related and accompanying microorganisms and comprised 100 % with no false-positive or false-negative results registered. The system’s analytical sensitivity was not less than 25 copies per PCR reaction. Its eff icacy has been conf irmed using f ive different qPCR detection systems from different manufacturers, so it can be recommended for diagnostic and screening studies.
Bacillus anthracis strain differentiation based on SNP and VNTR loci
Authors: Anisimova E. A. , Fakhrutdinov N. A. , Mirgazov D. A. , Dodonova E. A. , Elizarova I. A. , Gorbunova M. E. , Khammadov N. I. , Zainullin L. I. , Osyanin K. A.
Published: October 2022

Bacillus anthracis is the anthrax causative agent. For its epidemiology, it is important not only to identify the etiological agent but also to determine the patterns of its evolution and spread. Modern methods of molecular biology make it possible to detect a number of genetic markers suitable for indicating and differentiating the strains of B. anthracis, including the loci arranged as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and SNPs, one nucleotide-sized differences in the DNA sequence of the loci being compared. The objective of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of SNP analysis and PCR amplif ication of VNTR loci combined with the high-resolution amplicon melting analysis for identif ication and differentiation of the anthrax agent strains. In the study, seven strains of B. anthracis obtained from soil samples and animal carcasses were investigated using vaccine strain STI-1 as a reference. For molecular genetic characterization of these bacteria, analysis of 12 SNPs and variability analysis of eight VNTR loci were carried out. To detect the differences between the strains, their PCR product melting points were measured in the presence of the EvaGreen (Sintol, Russia) intercalating dye. For SNP detection, a PCR assay with double TaqMan probes was applied. It was found that the studied virulent strains, except for B. anthracis No. 1 and 3, could not be attributed to any phylogenetic subgroup of the anthrax agents. The proposed method made it possible to differentiate four out of the seven investigated strains. Strains No. 5–7 had identical SNP and HRM prof iles and, as a result, formed a single cluster. Our investigation has conf irmed that the proposed method can be successfully used for preliminary analysis of an epizootic situation in the case of anthrax.
Pokolenie historyczne: wyłanianie społeczno-pedagogicznej ramy epistemologicznej
Authors: Marynowicz-Hetka Ewa
Published: October 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest ponowne podjęcie studiów nad konceptem pokolenia historycznego, sformułowanego przez Helenę Radlińską w latach 30. XX w., zorientowanych na odkrywanie jego wyłaniania się z dyskursu jej współczesnego oraz odnoszonych do aktualnego dyskursu, podejmującego zagadnienie pokolenia i pokoleniowości. Główny cel tekstu stanowi próba odkrycia podstawowych elementów społeczno-pedagogicznej ramy epistemologicznej tego konceptu, która pozwala oświetlić proces stawania się pokoleniem historycznym poprzez uwspólnianie doświadczenia.
„Wielkie Pokolenie” Heleny Radlińskiej (z perspektywą międzypokoleniową w tle)
Authors: Witkowski Lech
Published: October 2022

W artykule autor najpierw czyni uwagi o różnicach pokoleniowych wśród elity intelektualnej w Polsce niepodległej. Następnie omawia, traktowaną jako „postawa kompletna” – dziesięć zadań Wielkiego Pokolenia Radlińskiej w pedagogice polskiej. Dalej wskazuje na zderzenie odmiennych instytucjonalizacji odrębnych tożsamości kręgów pokoleniowych. Wyróżnione zostają przykłady H. Radlińskiej i F. Znanieckiego, w kwestii tego, co ich łączy i co dzieli, i jak różnice te da się przezwyciężyć w próbie syntezy ich horyzontu pokoleniowego odniesienia do wyzwań historycznych. Ostatecznie wskazuje się na wartości intelektualne i ich przeszkody wdrożeniowe dotyczące omówionego doświadczenia pokoleniowego.
Humanistyczne wyzwania (nie)zrównoważenia procesów i praktyk społecznych (panorama tropów dwoistości / dual-process theory)
Authors: Witkowski Lech
Published: October 2022

Tekst zajmuje się współczesnym sporem w humanistyce o „metawzorce”. Składa się, poza wstępem, z siedmiu bloków rozważań. Po pierwsze, autor określa i zgłasza sprzeciw wobec dominujących wizji strategii poznawczej w humanistyce współczesnej, jako ułomnych wobec złożoności zjawisk i procesów. Po drugie, są nazwane i zakwestionowane jako iluzje przekonania dotyczące doskonałości w dominujących trybach instytucjonalizacji nauki. Po trzecie, omówione zostają przykłady narastania złożoności zjawisk jako wyzwania humanistycznego. Po czwarte, mówi się o pojęciu podwójnych (dual) (dwoistych) procesów w kulturze i praktyce społecznej. Piąty człon rozważań stanowi ilustrację problematyki powracającego niezrównoważenia w strukturze takich procesów i praktyk, akcentując także wagę podejścia ekologicznego z jego nowym pojmowaniem w humanistyce. Szósta część tekstu omawia napięcia między instytucjonalizacją i intelektualizacją dyskursu, w trosce o ich zespalanie w jeden proces. Wreszcie po siódme, zamiast zakończenia autor czyni akcenty w formie posłania dla przyszłości w postulowanej strategii rozwoju i samokształcenia.
Toward independence learning of disabled students through optimization of humanist approaches during the pandemic
Authors: Abu Abu Dharin , Rohmad Rohmad
Published: October 2022

Students with disabilities have equal rights in the service of education. They need extra help in learning and developing independence. Learning in the pandemic era could not be implemented optimally. There were several obstacles when learning during the pandemic era, e.g., limited teacher–student communication, material constraints and learning methods. This condition raises the problem of developing students with disabilities’ independence in the pandemic era. This article describes and analyses how humanistic approaches can develop students with disabilities’ independent learning. This research used qualitative paradigms with phenomenological approaches. Data were collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman’s models. The results showed that the humanistic approach in elementary school inclusion programmes succeeded in developing the learning independence of students with disabilities by up to 80%. Strategies for developing humanistic approaches are carried out with biological approaches by developing the curriculum independently and creating a pleasant learning atmosphere.
 
Keywords: Learning, independence learning, disabled students, humanist, humanistic approaches
An investigation of studies on professional ethics conducted with the participation of pre-service teachers in Turkey
Authors: Yıkmış Göksel , Akbıyık Muratcan
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the studies on the professional ethics of pre-service teachers in Turkey and to present the data on pre-service teachers and their professional ethics. Accordingly, the systematic review method was used. The keyword combinations as ‘pre-service teacher and ethic’ and ‘pre-service teacher and professional ethics’ were used in both Turkish and English to conduct the literature review in the databases as Google Scholar, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science and EBSCO. As a result, 18 studies from 17 scholarly journals were found using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were analysed based on the year; participants’ grades in the university, number, departments, the curricula of the departments and the contexts of the studies. It is believed that future studies should be done with the participation of pre-service teachers from the 2nd and 3rd grades. Training programmes for pre-service teachers should be organised and the effectiveness of these programmes on professional ethics can be determined.
 
Keywords: Ethics, pre-service teachers, professional ethics, systematic review, teachers
Persistent subcutaneous nodules and Aluminium sensitization: Literature review and Case series report
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Guillermo , Serra-Baldrich Esther , Amat-Samaranch Victoria , Vicente Villa Asunción , Puig Lluis , Roé Esther
Published: October 2022

The development of persistent subcutaneous nodules at vaccination or hyposensitization injection site is a rare and under-reported event. These lesions have been attributed to the aluminium salts used as adjuvants. Patch testing on patients with the aforementioned clinical manifestations have yielded high sensitization rates to aluminium. It is believed this delayed hypersensitivity is the apparent cause of these reactive lesions in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. In addition, aluminium hypersensitivity may cause contact dermatitis and gingivitis since it can be found in toothpaste and deodorants. We describe a series of 4 patients who developed SN at the injection site of vaccines and/or hyposensitization therapy, who underwent ultrasonography and patch testing for diagnostic confirmation. Patient management usually consists of potent topical steroids, antihistaminics, emollients and aluminium-containing products avoidance.