bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Modification of Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber for Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Strength and Bioactivity
Authors: Ko Han-Seung , Lee Sangwoon , Jho Jae
Published: January 2021

To enhance the bioactivity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a potential bone repair material, without the lowering of mechanical strength, hydroxyapatite (HA) was introduced in the form of nanofibers as the filler for application in spinal implant materials. HA nanofibers (HANF) with aspect ratio as high as ~100 were synthesized by controlling the starting pH of the reaction. While the tensile and flexural strength of PLA/HANF composites were enhanced compared with those of PLA resin, and were higher for the composites with HANF of higher aspect ratio. To further strengthen the composites, HANF was grafted with PLA chain to form HANF-g-PLA, which could improve the interface between the HANF and matrix PLA. PLA/HANF-g-PLA composites showed even higher tensile and flexural strength than PLA/HANF composites, apparently due to the better dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The composite containing 10 wt% HANF-g-PLA showed the flexural strength of 124 MPa, which was 25% higher than that of PLA resin. In the bioactivity test using a simulated body fluid solution, the rate and uniformity of the apatite growth were observed to be higher for the composites with HANF, and were even higher for those with HANF-g-PLA. This study suggested the possibility of using the PLA/HANF-g-PLA composite in the field of spinal implant materials.
OHBM—International Open Access Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine
Authors: Sanna Mario
Published: January 2021

Dear colleagues, [...]
Annurca Apple Polyphenol Extract Affects Acetyl- Cholinesterase and Mono-Amine Oxidase In Vitro Enzyme Activity
Authors: Nasso Rosarita , Pagliara Valentina , D’Angelo Stefania , Rullo Rosario , Masullo Mariorosario , Arcone Rosaria
Published: January 2021

In this study, we explored the ability of Annurca apple flesh polyphenol extract (AFPE) to affect the activity of key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative disorders—in particular, Acetyl- and Butirryl-cholinesterases, and type A and B monoamine oxidase. The effect of AFPE on enzyme activity was analyzed by in vitro enzyme assays, and the results showed concentration-dependent enzyme inhibition, with IC50 values corresponding to 859 ± 18 µM and 966 ± 72 µM for AChE and BuChE respectively, and IC50 corresponding to 145 ± 3 µM and 199 ± 7 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with a preference for MAO-A. Moreover, in this concentration range, AFPE did not affect the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and fibroblast BJ-5ta cell lines, as determined by an MTT assay. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AFPE shows the new biological properties of inhibiting the activity of enzymes that are involved in brain functions, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.
Drug–Drug Interactions and Pharmacogenomic Evaluation in Colorectal Cancer Patients: The New Drug-PIN® System Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Roberto Michela , Rossi Alessandro , Panebianco Martina , Pomes Leda Marina , Arrivi Giulia , Ierinò Debora , Simmaco Maurizio , Marchetti Paolo , Mazzuca Federica
Published: January 2021

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can affect both treatment efficacy and toxicity. We used Drug-PIN® (Personalized Interactions Network) software in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to evaluate drug–drug–gene interactions (DDGIs), defined as the combination of DDIs and individual genetic polymorphisms. Inclusion criteria were: (i) stage II-IV CRC; (ii) ECOG PS (Performance status sec. Eastern coperative oncology group) ≤2; (iii) ≥5 concomitant drugs; and (iv) adequate renal, hepatic, and bone marrow function. The Drug-PIN® system analyzes interactions between active and/or pro-drug forms by integrating biochemical, demographic, and genomic data from 110 SNPs. We selected DDI, DrugPin1, and DrugPin2 scores, resulting from concomitant medication interactions, concomitant medications, and SNP profiles, and DrugPin1 added to chemotherapy drugs, respectively. Thirty-four patients, taking a median of seven concomitant medications, were included. The median DrugPin1 and DrugPin2 scores were 42.6 and 77.7, respectively. In 13 patients, the DrugPin2 score was two-fold higher than the DrugPin1 score, with 7 (54%) of these patients experiencing severe toxicity that required hospitalization. On chi-squared testing for any toxicity, a doubled DrugPin2 score (p = 0.001) was significantly related to G3–G4 toxicity. Drug-PIN® software may prevent severe adverse events, decrease hospitalizations, and improve survival in cancer patients.
Experimental and Computational Observations of Immunogenic Cobalt Porphyrin Lipid Bilayers: Nanodomain-Enhanced Antigen Association
Authors: Federizon Jasmin , Feugmo Conrard Giresse Tetsassi , Huang Wei-Chiao , He Xuedan , Miura Kazutoyo , Razi Aida , Ortega Joaquin , Karttunen Mikko , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: January 2021

Cobalt porphyrin phospholipid (CoPoP) can incorporate within bilayers to enable non-covalent surface-display of antigens on liposomes by mixing with proteins bearing a polyhistidine tag (his-tag); however, the mechanisms for how this occurs are poorly understood. These were investigated using the his-tagged model antigen Pfs25, a protein antigen candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. Pfs25 was found to associate with the small molecule aquocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12 and a cobalt-containing corrin macrocycle, but without particle formation, enabling comparative assessment. Relative to CoPoP liposomes, binding and serum stability studies indicated a weaker association of Pfs25 to aquocobalamin or cobalt nitrilotriacetic acid (Co-NTA) liposomes, which have cobalt displayed in the aqueous phase on lipid headgroups. Antigen internalization by macrophages was enhanced with Pfs25 bound to CoPoP liposomes. Immunization in mice with Pfs25 bound to CoPoP liposomes elicited antibodies that recognized ookinetes and showed transmission-reducing activity. To explore the physical mechanisms involved, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bilayers containing phospholipid, cholesterol, as well as either CoPoP or NTA-functionalized lipids. The results show that the CoPoP-containing bilayer creates nanodomains that allow access for a limited but sufficient amount of water molecules that could be replaced by his-tags due to their favorable free energy properties allowing for stabilization. The position of the metal center within the NTA liposomes was much more exposed to the aqueous environment, which could explain its limited capacity for stabilizing Pfs25. This study illustrates the impact of CoPoP-induced antigen particleization in enhancing vaccine efficacy, and provides molecular insights into the CoPoP bilayer properties that enable this.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Passive Inflammation Site Accumulation of Liposomes via Intravenous Administration Focused on Their Surface Charge and PEG Modification
Authors: Ibaraki Hisako , Takeda Akihiro , Arima Naoki , Hatakeyama Naruhiro , Takashima Yuuki , Seta Yasuo , Kanazawa Takanori
Published: January 2021

Nanocarriers such as liposomes have been attracting attention as novel therapeutic methods for inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. The physicochemical properties of intravenously administered nanomedicines enable them to target inflamed tissues passively. However, few studies have attempted to determine the influences of nanoparticle surface characteristics on inflammation site accumulation. Here, we aimed to study the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification and surface charge on liposome ability to accumulate in inflammatory sites and be uptake by macrophages. Four different liposome samples with different PEG modification and surface charge were prepared. Liposome accumulation in the inflammation sites of arthritis and ulcerative colitis model mice was evaluated by using in vivo imaging. There was greater PEG-modified than unmodified liposome accumulation at all inflammation sites. There was greater anionic than cationic liposome accumulation at all inflammation sites. The order in which inflammation site accumulation was confirmed was PEG-anionic > PEG-cationic > anionic > cationic. PEG-anionic liposomes had ~2.5× higher fluorescence intensity than PEG-cationic liposomes, and the PEG-liposomes had ~2× higher fluorescence intensity than non-PEG liposomes. All liposomes have not accumulated at the inflammation sites in healthy mice. Furthermore, cationic liposomes were taken up to ~10× greater extent by RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Thus, PEG-cationic liposomes that have the ability to accumulate in inflammatory sites via intravenous administration and to be taken up by macrophages could be useful.
Pilot Study of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Cessation Methods
Authors: Sahr Michelle , Kelsh Shelby , Blower Noah , Sohn Minji
Published: January 2021

Currently, 7.6% of the U.S. young adults aged 18–24 years old use e-cigarettes. This study piloted three methods of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation by measuring cessation rates, motivational techniques that contributed to cessation success, and participants’ changes after decreasing vape use. Participants were randomized into three study arms (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-taper + behavioral support, self-guided) in a 1:1:1 ratio. All participants were invited to attend nine in-person or phone appointments over the 6-month study period. At 12 weeks, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, and 7 of 9 (77.8%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape-free and nicotine-free. At 6 months, 3 of 7 (42.9%) participants in the NRT + behavioral support arm, 6 of 8 (75%) vape-taper + behavioral support arm, and 4 of 9 (44.4%) self-guided arm self-reported being vape-free and nicotine-free. A challenge to quitting and remain quit is social pressures, but participants identified self-control and establishing new habits to be the best methods to overcome the desire to vape. Participants who received behavioral support and a vape-taper plan from pharmacists were more likely to be vape-free and nicotine-free at 6 months.
Violation of Leggett–Garg Inequalities in a Kerr-Type Chaotic System
Authors: Kalaga Joanna K. , Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk Anna , Nowotarski Mateusz , Leoński Wiesław
Published: January 2021

We consider a quantum nonlinear Kerr-like oscillator externally pumped by a series of ultrashort coherent pulses to analyze the quantum time-correlations appearing while the system evolves. For that purpose, we examine the violation of the Leggett–Garg inequality. We show how the character of such correlations changes when the system’s dynamics correspond to the regular and chaotic regions of its classical counterpart.
Manufacturing Polypropylene (PP)/Waste EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers Using Ultrasonically Aided Twin-Screw Extrusion
Authors: Dong Hui , Zhong Jing , Isayev Avraam I.
Published: January 2021

The compounding of waste EPDM from postindustrial scrap with polypropylene (PP) is a possible way to manufacture thermoplastic elastomers to solve a significant environmental problem. Accordingly, the present study considers the one-step (OS), two-step (TS), and dynamic revulcanization (DR) compounding methods for the manufacturing of PP/EPDM blends at different ratios of components with the aid of an ultrasonic twin-screw extruder (TSE) at various ultrasonic amplitudes. In the OS method, PP and waste EPDM particles were directly compounded using TSE with and without ultrasonic treatment. In the TS and DR methods, the waste EPDM particles were fed into the TSE and devulcanized without and with ultrasonic treatment. Then, in the TS method the devulcanized EPDM was compounded with PP using TSE without the imposition of ultrasound. In the DR method, the devulcanized EPDM after compounding with curatives was mixed with PP and dynamically revulcanized without the imposition of ultrasound in TSE. The die pressure during compounding was recorded and correlated with the rheological properties of compounds. The mechanical properties of the PP/EPDM blends obtained in the OS and TS methods did not show any improvement with ultrasonic treatment. In the DR method, all the PP/EPDM blends showed a significant increase in the tensile strength and elongation with ultrasonic amplitude and a slight decrease in the Young’s modulus. In particular, a tensile strength of 30 MPa and an elongation at break of 400% were achieved at an ultrasonic amplitude of 13 μm for the PP/EPDM blend at a ratio of 75/25. The complex viscosity, storage, and loss moduli of dynamically revulcanized PP/EPDM blends increased with the ultrasonic amplitude while the loss tangent decreased. At the same time, the results for the blends obtained by the OS and TS methods showed an opposite trend in the dynamic property behavior with the ultrasonic amplitude. Optical micrographs indicated that the blends obtained by the DR method at an ultrasonic treatment at 13 μm showed the lowest sizes of dispersed revulcanized EPDM particles in the PP matrix, leading to the excellent performance of these thermoplastic elastomers.
The Adverse Effects of TiO2 Photocatalycity on Paraloid B72 Hybrid Stone Relics Protective Coating Aging Behaviors under UV Irradiation
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Lin Junling , Zhao Yaru , Pan Zihe
Published: January 2021

The incorporation of photocatalytic nanomaterials into polymer coatings is used to protect stone relics from weathering. However, the photocatalytic nanomaterials might generate excess free radicals to degrade the polymer matrix. In this work, a certain amount of TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed into Paraloid B72 and applied onto sandstone relics to explore the adverse effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on Paraloid B72 under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. To fulfill this goal, the effects of TiO2 on pore formation and the structure of Paraloid B72 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the surface chemical composition, pore structure, surface roughness and surface wettability were explored via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, SEM, optical profilometer and water contact angle measurement under UV irradiation. Results showed that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles prohibited the generation of pores in Paraloid B72 and there were no pores formed when the content of TiO2 exceeded 0.8 wt%. The water contact angle of origin Paraloid B72 and TiO2/Paraloid B72 decreased with the prolonging UV irradiation. Moreover, TiO2 nanoparticles were extracted from the matrix and the pores cannot be detected with the prolonging UV irradiation time under a higher content of TiO2. These research findings might promote the understanding of using photocatalytic nanomaterials in developing stone relics’ protective coating.
Hybrid Acrylated Chitosan and Thiolated Pectin Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Tunable Properties
Authors: Eliyahu Shaked , Galitsky Alexandra , Ritov Esther , Bianco-Peled Havazelet
Published: January 2021

We developed and characterized a new hydrogel system based on the physical and chemical interactions of pectin partially modified with thiol groups and chitosan modified with acrylate end groups. Gelation occurred at high pectin thiol ratios, indicating that a low acrylated chitosan concentration in the hydrogel had a profound effect on the cross-linking. Turbidity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and free thiol determination analyses were performed to determine the relationships of the different bonds inside the gel. At low pH values below the pKa of chitosan, more electrostatic interactions were formed between opposite charges, but at high pH values, the Michael-type addition reaction between acrylate and thiol took place, creating harder hydrogels. Swelling experiments and Young’s modulus measurements were performed to study the structure and properties of the resultant hydrogels. The nanostructure was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The texture profile analysis showed a unique property of hydrogel adhesiveness. By implementing changes in the preparation procedure, we controlled the hydrogel properties. This hybrid hydrogel system can be a good candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as a mucosal biomimetic surface for mucoadhesive testing.
Assessment of Sustainability of Bio Treated Lignocellulose-Based Oleogels
Authors: Fajardo Carmen , Blánquez Alba , Domínguez Gabriela , Borrero-López Antonio , Valencia Concepción , Hernández Manuel , Arias María , Rodríguez Juana
Published: January 2021

The development of biological strategies to obtain new high-added value biopolymers from lignocellulosic biomass is a current challenge for scientific community. This study evaluates the biodegradability and ecotoxicity of new formulated oleogels obtained from fermented agricultural residues with Streptomyces, previously reported to show improved rheological and tribological characteristics compared to commercial mineral lubricants. Both new oleogels exhibited higher biodegradation rates than the commercial grease. Classical ecotoxicological bioassays using eukaryotic organisms (Lactuca sativa, Caenorhabditis elegans) showed that the toxic impact of the produced bio-lubricants was almost negligible and comparable to the commercial grease for the target organisms. In addition, high throughput molecular techniques using emerging next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies (NGS) were applied to study the structural changes of lubricant-exposed microbial populations of a standard soil. Results obtained showed that disposal of biomass-based lubricants in the soil environment did not substantially modify the structure and phylogenetic composition of the microbiome. These findings point out the feasibility and sustainability, in terms of biodegradability and eco-safety, of the new bio-lubricants in comparison with commercial mineral greases. This technology entails a promising biological strategy to replace fossil and non-renewable raw materials as well as to obtain useful biopolymers from agricultural residues with potential for large-scale applications.
Kinetic and Thermal Study of Ethylene and Propylene Homo Polymerization Catalyzed by ansa-Zirconocene Activated with Alkylaluminum/Borate: Effects of Alkylaluminum on Polymerization Kinetics and Polymer Structure
Authors: Ali Amjad , Muhammad Nadeem , Hussain Shahid , Jamil Muhammad Imran , Uddin Azim , Aziz Tariq , Tufail Muhammad Khurram , Guo Yintian , Wei Tiantian , Rasool Ghulam , Fan Zhiqiang , Guo Li
Published: January 2021

The kinetics of ethylene and propylene polymerization catalyzed by homogeneous metallocene were investigated using 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride followed by quenched-flow methods. The studied metallocene catalysts are: rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-I), rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-II) activated with ([Me2NPh][B(C6F5)4] (Borate-I), [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] (Borate-II), and were co-catalyzed with different molar ratios of alkylaluminum such as triethylaluminium (TEA) and triisobutylaluminium (TIBA). The change in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, microstructure and thermal properties of the synthesized polymer are discussed in detail. Interestingly, both Mt-I and Mt-II showed high activity in polyethylene with productivities between 3.17 × 106 g/molMt·h to 5.06 × 106 g/molMt·h, activities were very close to each other with 100% TIBA, but Mt-II/borate-II became more active when TEA was more than 50% in cocatalyst. Similarly, Polypropylene showed the highest activity of 11.07 106 g /molMt·h with Mt-I/Borate-I/TIBA. The effects of alkylaluminum on PE molecular weight were much more complicated; MWD curve changed from mono-modal in Mt-I/borate-I/TIBA to bimodal type when TIBA was replaced by different amounts of TEA. In PE, the active center fractions [C*]/[Zr] of Mt-I/borate were higher than that of Mt-II/borate and average chain propagation rate constant (kp) value slightly decreased with the increase of TEA/TIBA ratio, but the Mt-II/borate systems showed higher kp 1007 kp (L/mol·s). In PP, the Mt-I/borate presented much higher [C*]/[Zr] and kp value than the Mt-II. This work also extend to investigate the mechanistic features of zirconocenes catalyzed olefin polymerizations that addressed the largely unknown issues in zirconocenes in the distribution of the catalyst, between species involved in polymer chain growth and dormant state. In both metallocene systems, chain transfer with alkylaluminum is the dominant way of chain termination. To understand the mechanism of cocatalyst effects on PE Mw and (MWD), the unsaturated chain ends formed via β-H transfer have been investigated by 1H NMR analysis.
Role of Mixed Oxides in Hydrogen Production through the Dry Reforming of Methane over Nickel Catalysts Supported on Modified γ-Al2O3
Authors: Al-Fatesh Ahmed Sadeq , Chaudhary Mayankkumar Lakshmanbhai , Fakeeha Anis Hamza , Ibrahim Ahmed Aidid , Al-Mubaddel Fahad , Kasim Samsudeen Olajide , Albaqmaa Yousef Abdulrahman , Bagabas Abdulaziz A. , Patel Rutu , Kumar Rawesh
Published: January 2021

H2 production through dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a hot topic amidst growing environmental and atom-economy concerns. Loading Ni-based reducible mixed oxide systems onto a thermally stable support is a reliable approach for obtaining catalysts of good dispersion and high stability. Herein, NiO was dispersed over MOx-modified-γ-Al2O3 (M = Ti, Mo, Si, or W; x = 2 or 3) through incipient wetness impregnation followed by calcination. The obtained catalyst systems were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The mentioned synthetic procedure afforded the proper nucleation of different NiO-containing mixed oxides and/or interacting-NiO species. With different modifiers, the interaction of NiO with the γ-Al2O3 support was found to change, the Ni2+ environment was reformed exclusively, and the tendency of NiO species to undergo reduction was modified greatly. Catalyst systems 5Ni3MAl (M = Si, W) comprised a variety of species, whereby NiO interacted with the modifier and the support (e.g., NiSiO3, NiAl2O4, and NiWO3). These two catalyst systems displayed equal efficiency, >70% H2 yield at 800 °C, and were thermally stable for up to 420 min on stream. 5Ni3SiAl catalyst regained nearly all its activity during regeneration for up to two cycles.
Development of a Miniaturized Mobile Mapping System for In-Row, Under-Canopy Phenotyping
Authors: Manish Raja , Lin Yi-Chun , Ravi Radhika , Hasheminasab Seyyed Meghdad , Zhou Tian , Habib Ayman
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the development of a miniaturized mobile mapping platform with advantages over current agricultural phenotyping systems in terms of acquiring data that facilitate under-canopy plant trait extraction. The system is based on an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for in-row, under-canopy data acquisition to deliver accurately georeferenced 2D and 3D products. The paper addresses three main aspects pertaining to the UGV development: (a) architecture of the UGV mobile mapping system (MMS), (b) quality assessment of acquired data in terms of georeferencing information as well as derived 3D point cloud, and (c) ability to derive phenotypic plant traits using data acquired by the UGV MMS. The experimental results from this study demonstrate the ability of the UGV MMS to acquire dense and accurate data over agricultural fields that would facilitate highly accurate plant phenotyping (better than above-canopy platforms such as unmanned aerial systems and high-clearance tractors). Plant centers and plant count with an accuracy in the 90% range have been achieved.
3D Characterization of Sorghum Panicles Using a 3D Point Cloud Derived from UAV Imagery
Authors: Chang Anjin , Jung Jinha , Yeom Junho , Landivar Juan
Published: January 2021

Sorghum is one of the most important crops worldwide. An accurate and efficient high-throughput phenotyping method for individual sorghum panicles is needed for assessing genetic diversity, variety selection, and yield estimation. High-resolution imagery acquired using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides a high-density 3D point cloud with color information. In this study, we developed a detecting and characterizing method for individual sorghum panicles using a 3D point cloud derived from UAV images. The RGB color ratio was used to filter non-panicle points out and select potential panicle points. Individual sorghum panicles were detected using the concept of tree identification. Panicle length and width were determined from potential panicle points. We proposed cylinder fitting and disk stacking to estimate individual panicle volumes, which are directly related to yield. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of the average panicle length and width between the UAV-based and ground measurements were 0.61 and 0.83, respectively. The UAV-derived panicle length and diameter were more highly correlated with the panicle weight than ground measurements. The cylinder fitting and disk stacking yielded R2 values of 0.77 and 0.67 with the actual panicle weight, respectively. The experimental results showed that the 3D point cloud derived from UAV imagery can provide reliable and consistent individual sorghum panicle parameters, which were highly correlated with ground measurements of panicle weight.
The Key Strategies to Implement Circular Economy in Building Projects—A Case Study of Taiwan
Authors: Tserng H.-Ping , Chou Cheng-Mo , Chang Yun-Tsui
Published: January 2021

The building industry is blamed for consuming enormous natural resources and creating massive solid waste worldwide. In response to this, the concept of circular economy (CE) has gained much attention in the sector in recent years. Many pilot building projects that implemented CE concepts started to appear around the world, including Taiwan. However, compared with the pilot projects in the Netherlands, which are regarded as the pioneer ones by international society, many CE-related practices are not implemented in pilot cases in Taiwan. To assist future project stakeholders to recognize what the key CE-related practices are and how they could be implemented in their building projects in Taiwan, this study has conducted a series of case studies of Dutch and Taiwanese pilot projects and semi-structured interviews with key project stakeholders of Taiwanese pilot projects. Thirty key CE-related practices are identified via case studies, along with their related 5R principles (Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle) and project phases. Suggestion on CE-related practices, their 5R principles, project items, and phases to implement in building projects in Taiwan is also proposed while discussion on differences between two countries’ pilot projects is presented.
Superfluid Phonons in Neutron Star Core
Authors: Baldo Marcello
Published: January 2021

In neutron stars the nuclear asymmetric matter is expected to undergo phase transitions to a superfluid state. According to simple estimates, neutron matter in the inner crust and just below should be in the s-wave superfluid phase, corresponding to the neutron-neutron 1S0 channel. At higher density in the core also the proton component should be superfluid, while in the inner core the neutron matter can be in the 3P2 superfluid phase. Superluidity is believed to be at the basis of the glitches phenomenon and to play a decisive influence on many processes like transport, neutrino emission and cooling, and so on. One of the peculiarity of the superfluid phase is the presence of characteristic collective excitation, the so called ’phonons’, that correspond to smooth modulations of the order parameter and display a linear spectrum at low enough momentum. This paper is a brief review of the different phonons that can appear in Neutron Star superfuid matter and their role in several dynamical processes. Particular emphasis is put on the spectral functions of the different components, that is neutron, protons and electrons, which reveal their mutual influence. The open problems are discussed and indications on the work that remain to be done are given.
A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Water
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Lin Lu , Xu Xuesong , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yanyan , Hall Ryan , Xu Pei
Published: January 2021

Produced water is the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas production. It has a complex matrix composed of native constituents from geologic formation, chemical additives from fracturing fluids, and ubiquitous bacteria. Characterization of produced water is critical to monitor field operation, control processes, evaluate appropriate management practices and treatment effectiveness, and assess potential risks to public health and environment during the use of treated water. There is a limited understanding of produced water composition due to the inherent complexity and lack of reliable and standardized analytical methods. A comprehensive description of current analytical techniques for produced water characterization, including both standard and research methods, is discussed in this review. Multi-tiered analytical procedures are proposed, including field sampling; sample preservation; pretreatment techniques; basic water quality measurements; organic, inorganic, and radioactive materials analysis; and biological characterization. The challenges, knowledge gaps, and research needs for developing advanced analytical methods for produced water characterization, including target and nontarget analyses of unknown chemicals, are discussed.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Effective Utilization Coefficient of Irrigation Water in the Manas River Basin
Authors: Yang Lili , Heng Tong , Yang Guang , Gu Xinchen , Wang Jiaxin , He Xinlin
Published: January 2021

The factors influencing the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water are not understood well. It is usually considered that this coefficient is lower in areas with large-scale irrigation. With this background, we analyzed the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water using the analytic hierarchy process using data from 2014 to 2019 in Shihezi City, Xinjiang. The weights of the influencing factors on the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in different irrigation areas were analyzed. Predictions of the coefficient’s values for different years were made by understanding the trends based on the grey model. The results show that the scale of the irrigation area is not the only factor determining the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Irrigation technology, organizational integrity, crop types, water price management, local economic level, and channel seepage prevention are the most critical factors affecting the effective use of irrigation water. The grey model prediction results show that the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will continuously increase and reach 0.7204 in 2029. This research can serve as a reference for government authorities to make scientific decisions on water-saving projects in irrigation districts in terms of management, operation, and investment.
Care for Women with Delusional Disorder: Towards a Specialized Approach
Authors: González-Rodríguez Alexandre , Seeman Mary V. , Álvarez Aida , Guàrdia Armand , Sanz Nadia , Fucho Genís F. , Palao Diego J. , Labad Javier
Published: January 2021

Delusional disorder is a difficult-to-treat clinical condition with health needs that are often undertreated. Although individuals with delusional disorder may be high functioning in daily life, they suffer from serious health complaints that may be sex-specific. The main aim of this narrative review is to address these sex-specific health needs and to find ways of integrating their management into service programs. Age is an important issue. Delusional disorder most often first occurs in middle to late adult life, a time that corresponds to menopause in women, and menopausal age correlates with increased development of both somatic and psychological health problems in women. It is associated with a rise in the prevalence of depression and a worsening of prior psychotic symptoms. Importantly, women with delusional disorder show low compliance rates with both psychiatric treatment and with medical/surgical referrals. Intervention at the patient, provider, and systems levels are needed to address these ongoing problems.
PRINCIPLES FOR FORMING NEW TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION FOR TOURISTS ON THE TERRITORY OF LAKE SKADAR IN MONTENEGRO
Authors: Herbez V.
Published: January 2021

Skadar Lake, located in Montenegro, is a valuable natural resource that combines a favorable climate, unique flora and fauna, as well as numerous cultural and historical monuments located throughout the basin of Lake Skadar. The geographical position and rich historical heritage are excellent background for the further cultural, educational and tourist-recreational development of Lake Skadar. Currently, the accommodation for tourists is private houses that have met the needs of tourists for many years, but for future development, new types of accommodation are needed. Studies that have been carried out in Montenegro for ten years indicate a constant increase in the number of visitors to the Skadar Lake reserve, as well as possible environmental threats caused by the lack of appropriate infrastructure and improvement. It follows that the thoughtful accommodation of tourists on the territory of Lake Skadar is one of the most important priorities in the strategy for the future development of Lake Skadar. This article analyzes the existing types of accommodation for tourists on Lake Skadar in order to determine the basic principles in accordance with which new types of accommodation for tourists should be developed.
IDENTIFICATION OF INDICATORS OF INTERACTING INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE SUBSYSTEMS FOR ACHIEVING QUALITY MANAGEMENT PURPOSES
Authors: Anikeeva O. , Ivahnenko A. , Storublev M.
Published: January 2021

Highways are the most important component of country's economic development. They are a complex of engineering structures that are subject to various kinds of deformations during operation. The causes of premature defects are outdated technologies, poor quality materials, high traffic loads, and weather conditions. On average, after 2–3 years of the new road operation, pits, overflows, potholes, cracks, rutting occur on asphalt concrete pavement, its presence worsens the traffic conditions on the road and violates the unimpeded passage of cars. To extend the life cycle of a transport object, there are preventive measures that prevent the destruction of road surfaces. Such activities include regular maintenance and repair work. One of the effective measures is the use of road impregnation materials (RIM). Road-impregnation materials are used in case of need to prevent aging of the organic binder in the composition of asphalt concrete in the coating, as well as to reduce the impact of external factors. In this article, the influence of the basis of the impregnating material of two manufacturers on the indicators of the properties of asphalt concrete of various degrees of destruction is investigated. Among the considered impregnating compositions, solvent-based road impregnation materials proved to be the most effective. It has been established that the abrasive effect on samples of asphalt concrete significantly reduces the effectiveness of impregnating materials, especially based on bitumen emulsion.
A Survey of the Monthly Trend of Relative Humidity in the Northwest of Iran in the Past Years
Authors: Zeinali Batul , Nia Fatemeh Taghavi , Kashani Abbas
Published: January 2021

The climate of the planet has been changing ever since. One of the factors that affect the climate of the planet is water vapor. In this study, the data of 27 synoptic stations of northwest Iran were used to estimate the relative humidity trend in the northwest of Iran during the statistical period of 25 years. MATLAB and software with dimensions of 27×300 were obtained from the data representing time (moon) and columns representing the location. Using the Kriging interpolation method in the geographical information system, the trend maps and the monthly trend slope for January 1989 to December 2013 were developped. In this study, a regression model was used to calculate the time series process using least squares method, and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to identify the process. The results showed that the highest range of negative trend areas was observed in March with 81.5% of the area in the region, from -0.3 to -7.7% in decades, the highest in Bijar and its minimum in Zarinehabatu. Also, the lowest range of negative trend areas in October is seen with 3.7% of the area in Takab, a decrease of -4.0% in decades. The largest number of regions with a positive trend in September and November with 14.8% of the area in Mianeh, Zanjan, Khoramdarah, Hamedan Nogheh, Hamedan, Kangavar increased 0.3-0.5% in September and 2 in decades. 0 to 0.4 percent increase over the decade in November, and the lowest range of positive trends in the months of August and February with 3.7 percent of the area in Parsabad and Kangavar was 0.3 and 0.2 percent respectively, in the decade is visible.
EKSTRAKSI KOMUNIKASI NONVERBAL MENGGUNAKAN GRAY LEVEL CO-OCCURRENCE
Authors: Sinaga Anita Sindar
Published: January 2021

Penilaian komunikasi nonverbal dapat diterapkan pada rekrutmen keja secara online. Pemanfaatan aplikasi rekrutmen mulai dipergunakakan beberapa perusahaan swasta untuk efisiensi waktu dan biaya. Untuk mengetahui konsistensi antara ekspresi emosional dengan gerakan wajah diperlukan skill biasanya ditangani seorang psikiologis. Dalam penelitian ini data set berbentuk frame dari video pelamar kerja dilakukan penilaian komunikasi nonverbal yang fokus pada gerakan mata, mulut dan wajah. Formula dan filter GLCM diterapkan untuk ekstraksi ciri bertujuan menemukan pola berdasarkan distribusi statistik dan intensitas piksel. Ekstraksi komunikasi nonverbal bertujuan menganalisa pola gerakan wajah. Formula ektraksi ciri terdiri dari feature, contras, energi, entropy dan homogenitas. Filter ekstraksi dirotasi pada sudut 00, sudut 450, sudut 900, dan sudut 1350. Sumber data 10 video, diambil 10 frame bagian wajah, mata dan mulut per video untuk diekstrak dan dianalisa. Berdasarkan perhitungan formula dan filter GLCM diperoleh formula Homogenity mempunyai nilai tinggi, rata-rata 4,0 menunjukkan tepi citra yang terdeteksi jelas.
KEAMANAN EMAIL MENGGUNAKAN METODE PRETTY GOOD PRIVACY DENGAN ALGORITMA RSA
Authors: Ananda Ridwan Ighfirlana , Fauziah  , Hayati Nur
Published: January 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi di era sekarang, semua orang dapat dengan mudah berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan layanan surat menyurat elektronik yang dinamakan email. Email mampu berkomunikasi antar pengguna ke pengguna lainnya melalui internet. Saat berkomunikasi tidak jarang memasukan data yang bersifat rahasia dan dapat dengan mudah diambil oleh orang lain jika tidak memiliki keamanan yang cukup pada email. Maka dibutuhkan proses enkripsi (penyandian pesan) untuk menjaga data saat proses pengirimannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA (asimetris) yaitu sebuah algoritma yang mampu menghasilkan sepasang kunci (public dan private) untuk proses enkripsi dan dekripsi. Pada pengujian dengan menggunakan 8 data yang di enkripsi dan dikirim secara acak ke beberapa user, menunjukan hasil informasi data yang telah berubah dari segi size file dan hash yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan MD5. Dari hasil pengujian data yang telah di enkripsi menggunakan algoritma RSA dengan Pretty Good Privacy, dengan format .TXT menunjukan perbedaan size file. Dengan size file data asli 7,402 Bytes dan size file yang di enkripsi menjadi 7,777 Bytes.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM PHYSICAL EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON WOMEN’S ABILITIES TO CONTROL VARIOUS MOVEMENT PARAMETERS: PANEL RESEARCH
Authors: Chatinyan Ashot , Hakobyan Elena
Published: January 2021

The panel research is a topic of considerable interest for the theory of physical education and sport, as a kind of longitudinal research carried out for the same pool of test subjects employing the single method with certain time intervals. This research provides more objective and comprehensive overview of trends in studied indicators.
The aim of research: to reveal the effect of long-term physical exercise intervention on trends in the indicators of spatial, force and temporal movement parameter control in adult and elderly women.
Organization and methods. We carried out panel studies within a recreational group for women at Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, in November 2011 and 2019. The same pool of participants assigned to two age groups took part in the educational experiment. The first group was women aged 50.9 years (adults), the second group – women aged 66.8 years (elderly).
We used the following research methods: study and analysis of scientific and practical literature, kinematometry, dynamometry, chronometry, mathematical statistics.
Research outcomes: The findings related to the trends in differentiation accuracy indicators of spatial, force and temporal movement parameters in adult and elderly women in the framework of an eight-year panel study demonstrate insignificant and invalid changes of studied indicators. At the same time, a wide spread of individual indicators occurs in both age groups. It reflects the mixed impact of involution processes on the individual abilities to control various movement characteristics, especially common for women over 66.8 years of age.
Conclusions. The research revealed that long-term physical exercise intervention comprehensively influencing on motor abilities of adult and elderly women enable maintenance of the ability to control various movement parameters on a certain level, in spite of some controversial changes.
El conocimiento pedagógico del contenido (CPC) por el profesor universitario en el uso del método de resolución de problemas
Authors: Agudelo Arteaga Karen Patricia , Flórez Nisperuza Elvira Patricia , Ravanal Moreno Eduardo , Figueroa Molina Roberto
Published: January 2021

El estudio propone la caracterización del Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido, declarado por el profesor universitario de ciencias experimentales en el uso del método de Resolución de Problemas en una universidad pública en Colombia. Para tal fin, se hace uso del cuestionario de Representación del Contenido (ReCo) para generar mapa del CPC de seis (6) profesores de ciencias experimentales. Los resultados permitieron identificar las relaciones que se  establecen  entre  los  componentes  del Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido (CPC) en el uso del método de resolución de problemas. Se concluye que cada profesor construye sus propias relaciones a partir de su formación o experiencia.
Fourier analysis: the simplification of a complex waveform into simple component sine waves of different amplitudes and frequencies
Authors: Mamoojee AI
Published: January 2021

Fourier analysis is the simplification of a complex waveform into simple component sine waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. A discussion on Fourier analysis necessitates reiteration of the physics of waves. A wave is a series of repeating disturbances that propagate in space and time.

Frequency: the number of oscillations, or cycles per second. It is measured in Hertz and denoted as 1/time or s-1.
Fundamental frequency: the lowest frequency wave in a series. It is also known as the first harmonic. Every other wave in the series is an exact multiple of the fundamental frequency.
Harmonic: whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Amplitude: the maximum disturbance or displacement from zero caused by the wave. This is the height of the wave.
Period: time to complete one oscillation.
Wavelength: physical length of one complete cycle. This can be between two crests or two troughs. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.
Velocity: frequency x wavelength.
Phase: displacement of one wave compared to another, described as 0°–360°.
A sine wave is a simple wave. It can be depicted as the path of a point travelling round a circle at a constant speed, defined by the equation ‘y = sinx’. Combining sine waves of different frequency, amplitude and phase can yield any waveform, and, conversely, any wave can be simplified into its component sine waves.

Fourier analysis is a mathematical method of analysing a complex periodic waveform to find its constituent frequencies (as sine waves). Complex waveforms can be analysed, with very simple results. Usually, few sine and cosine waves combine to create reasonably accurate representations of most waves. Fourier analysis finds its anaesthetic applications in invasive blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which are all periodic waveforms. It enables monitors to display accurate representations of these biological waveforms.

Fourier analysis was developed by Joseph Fourier, a mathematician who analysed and altered periodic waveforms. It is done by computer programmes that plot the results of the analysis as a spectrum of frequencies with amplitude on the y-axis and frequency on the x-axis.