bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between patient‐reported and objective measures of physical function among cancer survivors receiving rehabilitation care: A correlation analysis
Authors: Oza Sonal , Kramer Andy , Ying Jian , Cushman Daniel M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Physical function is associated with cancer‐related quality of life and survival. The correlation of patient‐reported and objective measures of physical function has not been quantified previously in the cancer rehabilitation medicine setting.

Objective

To correlate patient‐reported physical function with objective measures of physical function. The secondary aim is to correlate fatigue and social participation levels with objective measures of physical function.

Design

Retrospective.

Setting

Tertiary university cancer center.

Participants

A total of 226 cancer survivors referred to an outpatient cancer rehabilitation medicine clinic.

Intervention

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure

Correlation of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cancer Function Brief 3D Profile domains with objective physical function measured by the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand and hand grip strength.

Results

Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate correlation between patient‐reported physical function and the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test (r = 0.57; p <.001), and a weak correlation of patient‐reported physical function and handgrip strength (r = 0.27; p <.001). Multivariable regression modeling controlling for age, gender, and receipt of systemic therapy demonstrated a significant association between patient‐reported physical function and the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test (estimated confidence interval 0.76 [0.60, 0.92], p < .01), in addition to patient‐reported function and handgrip strength (estimated 0.22 [0.10, 0.34], p < .01). Multiple myeloma but no other cancer type was inversely associated with lower physical function.

Conclusions

Patient‐reported physical function correlated moderately with the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test, whereas hand grip strength demonstrated a weak correlation. The 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test is a suitable substitute for patient‐reported physical function. Further work evaluating how measures relate to each other across cancer populations is needed before recommending a standardized set of outcome measures.
Effects of EB irradiation on the properties of xanthan in solid state for utilization as adjuvant to improve foliar applications
Authors: Van Binh Nguyen , Quynh Tran Minh , An Tran Xuan , Thao Hoang Phuong , Diep Tran Bang
Published: April 2024

In this study, xanthan was irradiated by electron beam accelerator (EB) in solid state and the viscosity and molecular weight of the irradiated xanthan were investigated to provide a better understanding on the EB radiation effect on molecular properties of xanthan. Both viscosity and molecular weight of xanthan were greatly decreased by EB at 25 kGy then slowly decreased with further increase of irradiation dose to 200 kGy. Contact angles and adhesion degrees of the irradiated xanthan solutions were rather smaller than those of commercial xanthan. These results suggested that the xanthan was EB irradiated at 100 kGy can be utilized as a good adjuvant to improve spraying application of foliar fertilizer for promoting the growth and yield of water spinach.
Introduction: Stable Isotope Tracers Used for the Identification of Contaminants in Agro-Ecosystems
Authors: Skrzypek G. , Adu-Gyamfi J. , Imfeld G. , Heng L.
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the stable isotope tracers used in agro-contaminant studies, summarizing essential information about each tracer, including the range of values, sample collection and preparation, and the most common applications. The chapter provides an overview of the book’s concept and contents and refers readers to the chapters of interest.
Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) crop feeding at Dindefelo, Senegal: challenges and implications for conservation
Authors: Dotras Laia , Barciela Amanda , Llana Manuel , Galbany Jordi , Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana
Published: April 2024

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are categorized as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and habitat loss due to conversion of land for agriculture is one of the major threats to wild populations of this species. This challenging scenario can lead to negative human-chimpanzee interactions, including crop feeding. Chimpanzees consume crops across their geographical range, although little is known about this behavior in savanna habitats. Here we provide new evidence of crop feeding by savanna chimpanzees. We conducted our observations at Dindefelo, a community nature reserve in southeastern Senegal. The chimpanzees were observed to feed on mango (Mangifera indica) and also on baobab (Adansonia digitata), a wild species considered a crop by local people when found in and around villages. Although local people use the fruits of these species for food and income, they tolerated crop-feeding events until recently. In 2023, a case of harassment of a crop-feeding chimpanzee in a mango orchard was witnessed, and four days later a chimpanzee corpse was found at the same place. We conclude that habitat conversion into agricultural fields, uncontrolled bush fires and extraction of wild fruits are the important factors influencing crop-feeding events at Dindefelo. Our findings highlight the need to better understand human-chimpanzee interactions in the anthropogenic landscape of Dindefelo to help mitigate negative attitudes and behaviors towards chimpanzees.
ZAP70: A Key Gene Identified by Differential Expression Analysis for Early Diagnosis of Fetuses with Emanuel Syndrome
Authors: Hu Jing , Wang Mengyue , Xiang Ruiyao
Published: April 2024

Emanuel syndrome is a rare autosomal disorder characterized by microcephaly, heart defects, cleft palate and developmental delay. However, there is a lack of specific prenatal screening for Emanuel syndrome. To screen for early diagnostic marker genes in fetuses with karyotype+der[22]t(11;22)(q23;q11) of Emanuel syndrome. Transcriptome sequencing and clinical trait data of t(11;22)(q23;q11) translocation samples were screened from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by principal component analysis of gene expression by R package, and intersections were taken with balanced and unbalanced DEGs. Then, the correlation with clinical traits was determined by WGCNA analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and then univariate Cox analysis and Lasso analysis were performed to obtain the key genes. The core regulatory genes were obtained after protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. A total of 50 DEGs were obtained after differential analysis. WGCNA analysis showed that DEG was associated with the chromosomal imbalance and age module. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed candidate genes were associated with exocytic vesicle membrane, synaptic vesicle membranes, glycoprotein complex, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and malaria. COX and Lasso analyses yielded 5 hub genes, including ZBED9, RGS20, SGCB, ETV5, and ZAP70. The results of PPI identified the key regulatory gene associated with chromosomal imbalance as the ZAP70 gene. ZAP70 may be a key gene for early diagnosis of Emanuel syndrome in fetuses with+der[22]t(11;22)(q23;q11) karyotype.
Driving sustainability in organizations: polymathic responsible leadership and circular economy
Authors: Wihler Andreas , Nolan Ryan C. , Zheng Yaxin , Inceoglu Ilke , Leroy Hannes , Charnley Fiona
Published: April 2024

Issues around environmental sustainability have significantly increased in importance in both management practice and scholarship. One approach to address these is the transformative concept of the circular economy, which offers an alternative to traditional models of production and consumption. With organizations starting to adopt circular economy models and principles, the pivotal role of leaders in reshaping organizational practices from linear to circular approaches has begun to emerge. In this paper we introduce a novel perspective on responsible leadership emphasizing the need for a polymathic approach to address sustainability and apply this to the context of the circular economy. Viewing responsibility in leadership through a meta-taxonomy of effective leadership orientations, we apply our framework to a case study and illustrate its usefulness in guiding research and practice in the area of sustainability within organizations.
Problem solving in mathematics education: tracing its foundations and current research-practice trends
Authors: Santos-Trigo Manuel
Published: April 2024

In tracing recent research trends and directions in mathematical problem-solving, it is argued that advances in mathematics practices occur and take place around two intertwined activities, mathematics problem formulation and ways to approach and solve those problems. In this context, a problematizing principle emerges as central activity to organize mathematics curriculum proposals and ways to structure problem-solving learning environments. Subjects’ use of concrete, abstract, symbolic, or digital tools not only influences the ways to pose and pursue mathematical problems; but also shapes the type of representation, exploration, and reasoning they engage to work and solve problems. Problem-solving foundations that privilege learners’ development of habits of mathematical practices that involve an inquiry method to formulate conjectures, to look for different ways to represent and approach problems, and to support and communicate results shed light on directions of current research trends and the relevance of rethinking curriculum proposals and extending problem-solving environments in terms of teachers/students’ consistent use of digital tools and online developments.
The molecular tumor board—a key element of precision oncology
Authors: Boos Laura , Wicki Andreas
Published: April 2024

Tumor profiling techniques have become an essential tool in cancer diagnostics creating an opportunity for individualized cancer care. Interpretation of results of molecular analyses and their integration into clinical practice, however, can be challenging. Molecular tumor boards play a key role in translating molecular findings into cancer treatment recommendations. In this short review we address important questions regarding the molecular tumor board set-up and highlight aspects of interest and challenges ahead.
Business text classification with imbalanced data and moderately large label spaces for digital transformation
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Cruz Christophe
Published: April 2024

Digital transformation refers to an organization’s use of digital technology to improve its products, services, and operations, aligning them with evolving business requirements. To demonstrate this transformative process, we present a real-life case study where a company seeks to automate the classification of their textual data rather than relying on manual methods. Transitioning to automated classification involves deploying machine learning models, which rely on pre-labeled datasets for training and making predictions on new data. However, upon receiving the dataset from the company, we faced challenges due to the imbalanced distribution of labels and moderately large label spaces. To tackle text classification with such a business dataset, we evaluated four distinct methods for multi-label text classification: fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Binary Relevance, Classifier Chains, and Label Powerset. The results revealed that fine-tuned BERT significantly outperformed the other methods across key metrics like Accuracy, F1-score, Precision, and Recall. Binary Relevance also displayed competence in handling the dataset effectively, while Classifier Chains and Label Powerset exhibited comparatively less impressive performance. These findings highlight the remarkable effectiveness of fine-tuned BERT model and the Binary Relevance classifier in multi-label text classification tasks, particularly when dealing with imbalanced training datasets and moderately large label spaces. This positions them as valuable assets for businesses aiming to automate data classification in the digital transformation era.
Insights into chloroplast genome evolution in Rutaceae through population genomics
Authors: Li Chao-Chao , Bao Yi , Hou Ting , Li Jia-Cui , Ma Zhi-Yao , Wang Nan , Wu Xiao-Meng , Xie Kai-Dong , Zhou Yong-Feng , Guo Wen-Wu
Published: April 2024

Chloroplast genomes, pivotal for understanding plant evolution, remain unexplored in Rutaceae, a family with key perennial crops like citrus. Leveraging next-generation sequencing data from 509 Rutaceae accessions across 15 species, we conducted a de novo assembly of 343 chloroplast genomes, unveiling a chloroplast variation map highlighting the heterogeneous evolution rates across genome regions. Notably, differences in chloroplast genome size primarily originate from large single-copy and small single-copy regions. Structural variants predominantly occurred in the single-copy region, with two insertions located at the single-copy and inverted repeat region boundary. Phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis, and population genetic statistics confirmed the cohesive clustering of different Citrus species, reflecting evolutionary dynamics in Citrus diversification. Furthermore, a close chloroplast genetic affinity was revealed among Atalantia (previously regarded as primitive citrus), Clausena, and Murraya. Zanthoxylum formed a distinct group with heightened genetic diversity. Through expanding our analysis to include 34 published chloroplast genomes, we explored chloroplast gene selection, revealing divergent evolutionary trends in photosynthetic pathways. While Photosystem I and Photosystem II exhibited robust negative selection, indicating stability, the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase pathway demonstrated rapid evolution, which was indicative of environmental adaptation. Finally, we discussed the effects of gene length and GC content on chloroplast gene evolution. In conclusion, our study reveals the genetic characterization of chloroplast genomes during Rutaceae diversification, providing insights into the evolutionary history of this family.
Integrating Tehran metropolitan air pollution into the current transport system and sprawl growth: an emphasis on urban performance and accessibility
Authors: Talkhabi Hamidreza , Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri Kamran , Toulabi Nejad Meysam
Published: April 2024

Air pollution is one of the most challenging issues for urban environment and environmental management. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of Tehran metropolitan's performance and accessibility on urban transportation and air pollution as sprawl grows. Tehran, with a population of 15.98 million people, has many environmental issues, including air pollution. Secondary data were collected from the Tehran Air Quality Control Company as well as Landsat satellite imagery (OLI). The raw data of intra-city and suburban traffic counts for spatial analysis of movements, combined with the raw data of measuring stations, were then used as a sample in the ArcGIS software environment for three selected days in 2013, 2014, and 2016. Following geometric and radiometric correction, programming methods and a multivariate regression algorithm were applied to the images, yielding results in the form of additional stations. According to the results obtained (about 3.29 m) root-mean-square error (RMSE), the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model was used in air pollution maps for better assessment. The findings suggest that Tehran is not the only source of air pollution and that TMA performance and accessibility play a significant role in the amount of air pollution. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation (more than 75%) between air pollution maps and transportation flow maps on specific days (February 23, 2013, February 26, 2015, and December 28, 2016). Finally, the analysis of this situation in three circles showed that the highest volume of traffic was done in the city of Tehran (CBD), suburban area (Suburban), and suburban area (Exurban), respectively, and the pattern of distribution and spatial accumulation of pollution has also been a function of this situation.
Social Group Moral Encroachment
Authors: Mitova Veli
Published: April 2024

According to moral encroachers, the moral stakes of a belief partly determine how much evidence we need for the belief to count as knowledge. This view concerns the beliefs of individual believers. In this paper, I argue for a social group version of moral encroachment: dominant groups, such as white people or men, need to have more evidence than the marginalised in order for some of their beliefs to constitute knowledge. I argue for this claim in three steps. First, I spell out the group moral stakes involved – the harms dominant knowers cause the marginalised and the knowledge economy. Second, I show off the theoretical benefits of having the notion of social group moral encroachment at our disposal: it can be an invaluable tool for decolonial and feminist epistemologists if they want to avoid the relativistic ring to their views (a ring that tends to put off many well-wishers). Finally, I start on a positive account of social group moral encroachment by addressing a potential puzzle and responding to objections.
The study of Italian regional politics and the composition of the regional political class. The ITREGPARL dataset
Authors: Pansardi Pamela , Baraldi Francesco , Salvati Eugenio
Published: April 2024

One of the most persistent challenges in the study of regional politics in Italy is the lack of systematized data and information about the composition of regional legislatures and governments and the profiles of elected officials. In this paper, we describe the ITREGPARL dataset, a new comprehensive dataset of Italian regional politics comprising 6077 regional politicians from 1993 to 2020. It includes information about regional councillors, regional ministers, presidents and vice-presidents of the regional council, regional presidents and vice-presidents. Along with socio-demographic characteristics – gender, age, previous profession, education – it includes data such as experience and incumbency, number of mandates, length of service and partisanship. It also includes region-level variables, such as geographical area, type of gender quotas and the regional authority index.
Large vortices from soft vibrations
Authors: Marmottant Philippe
Published: April 2024

Steady streaming is a peculiar flow, induced by the oscillation of an object with respect to the fluid in which it is embedded. While the oscillation amplitude may be extremely small, the nonlinearity due to fluid inertia gives rise to this steady flow. Large and powerful vortices develop around the object. Usually, the streaming is scrutinised in the case of homogeneous objects. Here, Cui et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 979, 2024, A7) derive the streaming around a soft elastic sphere containing a solid core. This elaborate derivation opens a new description of streaming in biological soft environments and robotics.
Confinement-induced drift in Marangoni-driven transport of surfactant: a Lagrangian perspective
Authors: Mcnair Richard , Jensen Oliver E. , Landel Julien R.
Published: April 2024

Successive drops of coloured ink mixed with surfactant are deposited onto a thin film of water to create marbling patterns in the Japanese art technique of Suminagashi. To understand the physics behind this and other applications where surfactant transports adsorbed passive matter at gas–liquid interfaces, we investigate the Lagrangian trajectories of material particles on the surface of a thin film of a confined viscous liquid under Marangoni-driven spreading by an insoluble surfactant. We study a model problem in which several deposits of exogenous surfactant simultaneously spread on a bounded rectangular surface containing a pre-existing endogenous surfactant. We derive Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations of the equations governing the Marangoni-driven surface flow. Both descriptions show how confinement can induce drift and flow reversal during spreading. The Lagrangian formulation captures trajectories without the need to calculate surfactant concentrations; however, concentrations can still be inferred from the Jacobian of the map from initial to current particle position. We explore a link between thin-film surfactant dynamics and optimal transport theory to find the approximate equilibrium locations of material particles for any given initial condition by solving a Monge–Ampère equation. We find that as the endogenous surfactant concentration

$\delta$

vanishes, the equilibrium shapes of deposits using the Monge–Ampère approximation approach polygons with corners curving in a self-similar manner over lengths scaling as

$\delta ^{1/2}$

. We explore how Suminagashi patterns may be produced by using computationally efficient successive solutions of the Monge–Ampère equation.
Thin film modelling of magnetic soap films
Authors: Lalli Navraj S. , Giusti Andrea
Published: April 2024

Magnetic soap films under the forcing of an inhomogeneous magnetic field are governed by a wide range of interconnected physics. The study of magnetic soap films requires the development of comprehensive models to support experimental observations. In this study, the thin film approximation is applied to the Navier–Stokes equations to derive a model for the film thickness of magnetic soap films that incorporates the effects of interfacial mobility, surfactant transport and magnetite nanoparticle (NP) transport. This derived model consists of a coupled system of equations for the film thickness, interfacial velocity, interfacial surfactant concentration and magnetite NP concentration. Simulations are performed for both soap films and magnetic soap films by solving the system of equations using the Galerkin finite element method, and results are compared with experiments. Simulation results highlight that interfacial flows can dominate the rate of film thinning and that accounting for the dependence of the magnetisation on the local magnetite NP concentration can influence the predicted speed of magnetically driven flows. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that the model is able to predict marginal regeneration in qualitative agreement with the experiments for soap films; the model also predicts the same flow pattern as seen in the experiments for magnetic soap films. Overall, this study advances the state of soap film and magnetic soap film modelling and will contribute to acquiring control over the drainage and stability of magnetic soap films in the long term.
A 2023 study of ENT undergraduate training in the UK. Has this improved?
Authors: Lancaster Amelia , Salih Ahmed , Tolley Neil
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Otolaryngology (ENT) plays a crucial role in healthcare, yet undergraduate education in the United Kingdom has historically not reflected this. This study aimed to assess the delivery of ENT education, focusing on teaching methods, clinical placements, and assessment practices.

Methods

An online questionnaire was distributed to medical students. Data were collected via Qualtrics from 5 August 2023 to 17 October 2023.

Results

Forty medical schools were involved. Thirty-seven schools had compulsory ENT teaching however 20 per cent lack an ENT placement. Clinical placements varied, with an average length of 7.3 days. Assessment of ENT knowledge included Objective, Structures, Clinical Examination stations (90 per cent) and written exams (80 per cent).

Conclusion

The study highlights persistent gaps in ENT education. Deficiencies in clinical exposure and lack of alignment with national guidelines indicate the need for improvement. As the Medical Licensing Assessment approaches, standardising assessments may address disparities but should be accompanied by comprehensive changes in teaching methods and placements.
Does Granny Know Best?
Authors: Schoppmann Johanna , Amerkamp Lena , Krusche Corinna , Seehagen Sabine
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Theoretical Background: Although grandparents often play an important role in children’s lives, research is scarce on shared activities and the role of the adult’s age for toddler imitation. Objective: We tested whether there are differences in toddler imitation depending on the age of the adult. Moreover, descriptive data about the frequency of contact and shared activities were collected. Method: In total, 34 two-year-old toddlers were tested via video-chat. They watched either a video of a young female adult or an older female adult building a rattle. Toddlers had the opportunity to interact with the stimuli before and after the demonstration. Results: The 2 (phase: baseline, test) × 2 (condition: young adult model; older adult model) mixed-model ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for phase, but no significant interaction effect. Descriptive data of shared activities are reported. Discussion and Conclusion: Toddlers imitated both the young adult and the older adult model. Grandparents in the present sample frequently spent time with their grandchildren, suggesting an important role in toddlers’ lives.
Bielefelder Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit (BIFL)
Authors: Zotschew Tilo , Kley Hanna , Möllmann Anne , Schlechter Fabienne , Heinrichs Nina
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Lebenszufriedenheit ist eine wichtige Zielgröße in der Psychotherapie. Der Bielefelder Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit (BIFL) wurde für den Open-Access-Einsatz in Psychotherapie und Forschung entwickelt. Fragestellungen: (1) Wie ist die psychometrische Qualität des BIFL? (2) Ist die Lebenszufriedenheit bei Menschen mit (vs. ohne) psychischer Störung geringer? (3) Wie unterscheidet sich die Lebenszufriedenheit vor vs. nach einer Psychotherapie? (4) Wie stabil war die Lebenszufriedenheit während der COVID-19-Pandemie? Methode: Itemanalysen und gemischte Modelle anhand dreier großer Stichproben. Ergebnisse: Die psychometrische Qualität ist gut bis sehr gut. Die Lebenszufriedenheit in der klinischen (vs. nichtklinischen) Stichprobe ist reduziert; nach Psychotherapie ist der Unterschied zwischen beiden noch immer signifikant, aber geringer als vor der Psychotherapie. In der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 nahm die Lebenszufriedenheit mit Restriktionslockerungen leicht zu, insbesondere im Bereich der Work-Life-Balance. Schlussfolgerungen: Der BIFL ist ein veränderungssensitives Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren. Als Ergänzung anderer Prozess- und Outcome-Maße sollte Lebenszufriedenheit in Planung und Durchführung von Psychotherapien vermehrt berücksichtigt werden.
An Ellipsoidal Plate Motion Model of the Indo‐Australian Tectonic Plate
Authors: McCubbine J. C. , Riddell A. R. , Brown N.
Published: April 2024

We present a class of “ellipsoidal rotation matrices” which can be used to characterize tectonic plate motion; where geocentric Cartesian coordinates travel along paths tangential to the ellipsoid. We contrast them with conventional Euler pole plate motion models which are more closely aligned with spherical coordinate systems and inherently induce a change in geodetic ellipsoidal height. We demonstrate the use of each in the Indo‐Australian tectonic plate setting, which is known to move approximately 7 cm/year in a north‐northeast direction. Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020) coordinates are “plate‐fixed” static coordinates obtained using a conventional Euler pole plate motion model to align time dependent coordinates with the 2014 realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame at the epoch 2020.0. We show that this Euler pole plate motion model can introduce ellipsoidal height velocities of up to −0.2 mm/year. This is small but systematic, so pertinent for consideration with high accuracy vertical land motion studies using GDA2020 coordinates and velocities. We further investigate the comparative statistical accuracy of conventional Euler pole and the ellipsoidal models with respect to characterizing plate motion captured in high quality Global Navigation Satellite System data.
Molecular profiling of a bladder cancer with very high tumour mutational burden
Authors: Scimeca Manuel , Bischof Julia , Bonfiglio Rita , Nale Elisabetta , Iacovelli Valerio , Carilli Marco , Vittori Matteo , Agostini Massimiliano , Rovella Valentina , Servadei Francesca , Giacobbi Erica , Candi Eleonora , Shi Yufang , Melino Gerry , Mauriello Alessandro , Bove Pierluigi
Published: April 2024

The increasing incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is a notable global concern, as evidenced by the epidemiological data in terms of frequency, distribution, as well as mortality rates. Although numerous molecular alterations have been linked to the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer, currently there is a limited knowledge on the molecular signature able of accurately predicting clinical outcomes. In this report, we present a case of a pT3b high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with areas of squamous differentiation characterized by very high tumor mutational burden (TMB), with up-regulations of immune checkpoints. The high TMB, along with elevated expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD1, underscores the rationale for developing a personalized immunotherapy focused on the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed somatic mutations in several other cancer-related genes, including TP53, TP63 and NOTCH3. Mutations of TP53 and TP63 genes provide mechanistic insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development and progression. Notably, the above-mentioned mutations and the elevated hypoxia score make the targeting of p53 and/or hypoxia related pathways a plausible personalized medicine option for this bladder cancer, particularly in combination with immunotherapy. Our data suggest a requirement for molecular profiling in bladder cancer to possibly select appropriate immune-checkpoint therapy.
Multiple group membership and executive function in a socioeconomically diverse sample
Authors: Goto Nobuhiko , Kusumasondjaja Sony , Tjiptono Fandy , Lim Shirley X. L. , Shee Dexter , Hatano Aya , Herachwati Nuri , Schaefer Alexandre
Published: April 2024

Belonging to multiple groups is an important feature of our social lives. However, it is largely unknown if it is related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Given that changing self-identities linked to each group requires cognitive operations on knowledge bases associated with each group, the extent to which people belong to multiple groups may be related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to test if multiple group membership is related to executive function task performance. A socioeconomically diverse sample of 395 individuals in Indonesia participated in this study. Our results show that multiple group membership was positively related to the 3-back working memory performance. However, we also found that this relationship was significant only among participants with high (not median or low) SES. We also observed that Contact diversity was negatively related to working memory performance among participants with low SES. Our results show that the complexity of our social lives is related to individual differences in executive function performance, although this seems to be constrained by SES.
Shrinking the footprint of the criminal legal system through policies informed by psychology and neuroscience
Authors: Baskin-Sommers Arielle , Williams Alex , Benson-Williams Callie , Ruiz Sonia , Ricard Jordyn R. , Camacho Jorge
Published: April 2024

The footprint of the legal system in the United States is expansive. Applying psychological and neuroscience research to understand or predict individual criminal behavior is problematic. Nonetheless, psychology and neuroscience can contribute substantially to the betterment of the criminal legal system and the outcomes it produces. We argue that scientific findings should be applied to the legal system through systemwide policy changes. Specifically, we discuss how science can shape policies around pollution in prisons, the use of solitary confinement, and the law’s conceptualization of insanity. Policies informed by psychology and neuroscience have the potential to affect meaningful—and much-needed—legal change.
Photocrosslinkable microgels derived from human platelet lysates: injectable biomaterials for cardiac cell culture
Authors: Santos Sara C. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F.
Published: April 2024

Human-derived methacryloyl platelet lysates (PLMA) have been employed for constructing full human-based 3D cell culture matrices and demonstrated potential for xeno-free applications.
A reproducibility study of atomistic line graph neural networks for materials property prediction
Authors: Li Kangming , DeCost Brian , Choudhary Kamal , Hattrick-Simpers Jason
Published: April 2024

ALIGNN performance on 29 regression tasks can be generally well reproduced with minor disparity due to stochasticity.
Research progress on layered metal oxide electrocatalysts for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Yaoda , Chen Ya , Zhai Wenfang , Dai Zhengfei
Published: April 2024

This article surveys the recent frontier advancements in layered metal oxide (LMO)–based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The design rationales, mechanism, and future perspectives of LMOs for efficient OER catalysis are delineated.
Unlocking room-temperature bistable spin transition at the nanoscale: the synthesis of core@shell [Fe(NH2trz)3(NO3)2]@SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Regueiro A. , Martí-Carrascosa M. , Torres-Cavanillas R. , Coronado E.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we synthesize silica-coated core@shell nanoparticles based on the relatively unexplored [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2. This enables the fabrication of water-stable spin-crossover nanoparticles exhibiting spin transition at room temperature.
Corrosion response of steels fabricated through arc directed energy deposition additive manufacturing: a review
Authors: Morshed-Behbahani Khashayar , Nasiri Ali
Published: April 2024

The review examines corrosion responses of WAAM steels, summarizing common production techniques, discussing both uniform and localized corrosion types, proposing corrosion mechanisms for WAAM steel, and offering suggestions for future research.
Correction: Improved the CO2 adsorption performance in cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the presence of DES
Authors: Noorani Narmin , Moghaddasfar Amin , Mehrdad Abbas , Darbandi Masih
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Improved the CO2 adsorption performance in cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the presence of DES’ by Narmin Noorani et al., New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 16748–16755, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ02469E.
Visible-light-induced three-component reactions of α-diazoesters, quinazolinones and cyclic ethers toward quinazoline-based hybrids
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Qin , Wang Wei , Fu Yang , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan
Published: April 2024

Visible-light-induced three-component reactions, which were performed under extremely mild conditions without the need for any additional additives and catalysts and showed a broad substrate scope, gave the corresponding quinazoline-based hybrids in good to excellent yields.
Electrochemically triggered rational design of bismuth copper sulfide for wearable all-sulfide semi-solid-state supercapacitor with a wide operational potential window (1.8 V) and ultra-long life
Authors: Girija Shankar Edugulla , Ramulu Bhimanaboina , Nagaraju Manchi , Yu Jae Su
Published: April 2024

Gel electrolyte-based wearable all-sulfide semi-solid-state supercapacitor (ASSSC) device with ∼100% capacitance retention across the 40 000 charge–discharge cycles. The ASSSC devices are attached to human fingers to power electronic gadgets.
Efficient dimerization of perfluoroolefin catalyzed by strong nucleophilic bifunctional ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Minmin , Song Bingxi , Hu Yanhui , Meng Xianglei , Jiang Renzheng , Diao Yanyan , Song Yuting
Published: April 2024

Ionic liquid, as a green and efficient nucleophilic catalyst, shows great potential in the dimerization of perfluoroolefin, which further promotes the greening of the fluorine chemical reaction process.
Recent membrane separation technology for noble gas recovery
Authors: Yu Shuwen , Lin Rijia , Xie Zixi , Chai Milton , Chen Ruiqi , Li Shichun , Shi Hongwei , Zhang Keying , Shi Zhiqiang , Hou Jingwei
Published: April 2024

This review summarizes the membrane separation for the recovery of noble gases, which are significant in various disciplines due to their unique properties.
Nylon binder enables high-performance flexible ultra-thick electrode preparation in a water-based environment
Authors: Jiang Li , Zang GuoJing , Liu Xiu , Chen Ling , Chen Yaoguang , Xie Jinghao , Liang Zhongxin , Li Fuzhen , Zhang Zishou
Published: April 2024

A water-based method for producing ultra-thick, flexible lithium-ion battery cathodes and anodes with good deformation resistance and ultra-high areal capacity is proposed, in which nylon (PA) provides flexible support and forms fast ion channels.
Evidence for efficient anchoring in nitroxyl radical thin films: an experimental XPS/NEXAFS and theoretical DFT/TD-DFT study
Authors: Totani Roberta , Ljubić Ivan , Mehl Sascha L. , Kalinovych Viacheslav , Jugovac Matteo , Bonano Gabriele , Ciavardini Alessandra , Grazioli Cesare , Galdenzi Federico , D’Addato Sergio , de Simone Monica , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Moras Paolo , Tsud Nataliya , Coreno Marcello
Published: April 2024

Nitroxide radicals’ adsorption mechanisms and film properties tunable by appropriately selecting the substrate.
Vacuum-assisted colossal enhancement of up-conversion luminescence of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles upon NIR laser irradiation – a new strategy for phosphor development
Authors: Hernández-Álvarez Christian , Soler-Carracedo Kevin , Woźny Przemysław , Martín Inocencio R. , Runowski Marcin
Published: April 2024

Permanent enhancement (by 2 orders of magnitude) of up-conversion luminescence via localized crystal growth, induced by NIR laser irradiation under vacuum conditions. This effect is caused by vacuum-enhanced light-to-heat conversion efficiency.
An Empirical Study on Downstream Dependency Package Groups in Software Packaging Ecosystems
Authors: Qi Qing , Cao Jian
Published: April 2024

The role of focal packages in packaging ecosystems is crucial for the development of the entire ecosystem, as they are the packages on which other packages depend. However, the evolution of dependency groups in packaging ecosystems has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we examine the downstream dependency package groups (DDGs) in three typical packaging ecosystems—Cargo for Rust, Comprehensive Perl Archive Network for Perl, and RubyGems for Ruby—to identify their features and evolution. We also identify and analyze a special type of DDG, the collaborative downstream dependency package group (CDDG), which requires shared contributors. Our findings show that the overall development of DDGs, particularly CDDGs, is consistent with the status of the whole ecosystem, and the size of DDGs and CDDGs follows a power law distribution. Furthermore, the interaction mechanisms between focal packages and downstream packages differ between ecosystems, but focal packages always play a leading role in the development of DDGs and CDDGs. Finally, we investigate predictive models for the development of CDDGs in the next stage based on their features, and our results show that random forest and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree achieve acceptable prediction accuracy. We provide the raw data and scripts used for our analysis at https://github.com/onion616/DDG.
A too-many dwarf satellite galaxies problem in the MATLAS low-to-moderate density fields
Authors: Kanehisa Kosuke Jamie , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Heesters Nick , Müller Oliver
Published: April 2024

Context.Dwarf galaxy abundances can serve as discernment tests for models of structure formation. Previous small-scale tensions between observations and dark matter-only cosmological simulations may have been resolved with the inclusion of baryonic processes; however, these successes have been largely concentrated on the Local Group dwarfs the feedback models were initially calibrated on.

Aims.We investigate whether the ΛCDM model can reliably reproduce dwarf abundances in the MATLAS low-to-moderate density fields that are centred upon early-type host galaxies beyond the Local Volume.

Methods.We carried out mock observations of MATLAS-like fields with the high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation IllustrisTNG-50. We used matching selection criteria and compared the properties of dwarfs contained within them with their MATLAS analogues.

Results.Although simulated MATLAS-like dwarfs demonstrate photometric properties that are consistent with the observed galaxy population and follow the same scaling relations, TNG50 underestimates the number of dwarf galaxies in isolated MATLAS fields at the 6σlevel. This significance maintained within crowded fields containing more than a single bright host. Our 55 − 62% estimate of the fraction of background galaxies is in agreement with estimates by MATLAS, but is wholly insufficient to alleviate this discrepancy in dwarf abundances. Any incompleteness in the observed fields further exacerbates this tension.

Conclusions.We identified a “too-many-satellites” problem in ΛCDM, emphasising the need for the continued testing and refining of current models of galaxy formation in environments beyond the Local Group.
Autofusion in growing rod surgery for early onset scoliosis; what do we know so far?
Authors: Hatem Amr , Elmorshidy Essam Mohamed , Elkot Amer , Hassan Khaled Mohamed , El-Sharkawi Mohammad
Published: April 2024

The evolving landscape of early onset scoliosis management has shifted from the traditional paradigm of early definitive spinal fusion towards modern growth-friendly implants, particularly Growing Rods (GR). Despite the initial classification of GR treatment as a fusionless procedure, the phenomenon of autofusion has emerged as a critical consideration in understanding its outcomes. Studies have demonstrated the presence of autofusion since the early 1980s. The consequences of autofusion are extensive, impacting curve correction, diminishing trunk growth rate, and contributing to the “law of diminishing returns” in growing rod surgery. The literature suggests that autofusion may complicate definitive fusion surgery, leading to prolonged and intricate procedures involving multiple osteotomies. Additionally, it poses challenges in identifying anatomical landmarks during surgery, potentially increasing the risk of complications and revisions. While autofusion poses challenges to achieving optimal outcomes in growing rod treatment, it cannot be considered a standalone replacement for definitive fusion. Recent advances aim to limit autofusion and enhance treatment outcomes. In this review, we will delve into the existing literature on autofusion, examining studies that have documented its presence, probable causes, pathophysiology, potential implications for long-term patient outcomes, and possible new implants and techniques that decrease its incidence.
Etching of quartz crystals in liquid phase environment: A review
Authors: Dong Yide , Zhou Yike , Huang Haizhou , Zhang Bosong , Li Xihan , Chen Kaiwen , Sun Litao , Dou Guangbin
Published: April 2024

Quartz crystals are the most widely used material in resonant sensors, owing to their excellent piezoelectric and mechanical properties. With the development of portable and wearable devices, higher processing efficiency and geometrical precision are required. Wet etching has been proven to be the most efficient etching method for large-scale production of quartz devices, and many wet etching approaches have been developed over the years. However, until now, there has been no systematic review of quartz crystal etching in liquid phase environments. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the development of wet etching processes and the achievements of the latest research in this field, covering conventional wet etching, additive etching, laser-induced backside wet etching, electrochemical etching, and electrochemical discharge machining. For each technique, a brief overview of its characteristics is provided, associated problems are described, and possible solutions are discussed. This review should provide an essential reference and guidance for the future development of processing strategies for the manufacture of quartz crystal devices.
The genetic control of herkogamy
Authors: Boucher Jacques-Joseph , Ireland Hilary S. , Wang Ruiling , David Karine M. , Schaffer Robert J.
Published: April 2024

Herkogamy is the spatial separation of anthers and stigmas within complete flowers, and is a key floral trait that promotes outcrossing in many angiosperms. The degree of separation between pollen-producing anthers and receptive stigmas has been shown to influence rates of self-pollination amongst plants, with a reduction in herkogamy increasing rates of successful selfing in self-compatible species. Self-pollination is becoming a critical issue in horticultural crops grown in environments where biotic pollinators are limited, absent, or difficult to utilise. In these cases, poor pollination results in reduced yield and misshapen fruit. Whilst there is a growing body of work elucidating the genetic basis of floral organ development, the genetic and environmental control points regulating herkogamy are poorly understood. A better understanding of the developmental and regulatory pathways involved in establishing varying degrees of herkogamy is needed to provide insights into the production of flowers more adept at selfing to produce consistent, high-quality fruit. This review presents our current understanding of herkogamy from a genetics and hormonal perspective.
Detecting inbreeding depression in structured populations
Authors: Lavanchy Eléonore , Weir Bruce S. , Goudet Jérôme
Published: April 2024

Measuring inbreeding and its consequences on fitness is central for many areas in biology including human genetics and the conservation of endangered species. However, there is no consensus on the best method, neither for quantification of inbreeding itself nor for the model to estimate its effect on specific traits. We simulated traits based on simulated genomes from a large pedigree and empirical whole-genome sequences of human data from populations with various sizes and structures (from the 1,000 Genomes project). We compare the ability of various inbreeding coefficients (

F

) to quantify the strength of inbreeding depression: allele-sharing, two versions of the correlation of uniting gametes which differ in the weight they attribute to each locus and two identical-by-descent segments-based estimators. We also compare two models: the standard linear model and a linear mixed model (LMM) including a genetic relatedness matrix (GRM) as random effect to account for the nonindependence of observations. We find LMMs give better results in scenarios with population or family structure. Within the LMM, we compare three different GRMs and show that in homogeneous populations, there is little difference among the different

F

and GRM for inbreeding depression quantification. However, as soon as a strong population or family structure is present, the strength of inbreeding depression can be most efficiently estimated only if i) the phenotypes are regressed on

F

based on a weighted version of the correlation of uniting gametes, giving more weight to common alleles and ii) with the GRM obtained from an allele-sharing relatedness estimator.