bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acque regolamentate: gli statuti delle comunitŕ e le disposizioni dei governi
Authors: Ulivieri Denise
Published: June 2021

L'acqua era un bene comune e prezioso e le autoritŕ si occupavano della sua salva- guardia. Fossi, corsi, cadute d'acqua erano un fattore di produzione al pari della terra, delle miniere di ferro, di carbone, di argento e le comunitŕ impararono a sfruttare in maniera sempre piů efficiente l'energia idraulica. Le comunitŕ locali si impegnavano a rendere efficienti i sistemi delle acque evitando che le acque si guastassero, che gli argini e i terrapieni cedessero. Nel corso del XVIII secolo si cerca di sperimentare "modi piů sicuri di riparare ŕ danni, che sogliono farsi dall'Acque". La rassegna e l'analisi del quadro normativo, dalla fine del 1600 ai primi decenni del 1700, in materia di acqua evidenzia una serie di affinitŕ e continuitŕ con le disposizioni statutarie circa la regolamentazione in genere. Dalla seconda metŕ del XVIII secolo le riforme leopoldine influenzano pesantemente anche la gestione del regime delle acque.
Lomé: attori e processi di una transizione democratica
Authors: Verde Serena
Published: June 2021

Nel quadro del recente dibattito che ha animato gli studi sull'evoluzione degli spazi urbani in Africa nel XXI secolo, questo studio intende analizzare le specificitŕ proprie alle dinamiche socio-spaziali della cittŕ di Lomé. In particolare ci si concentrerŕ sulle inedite relazioni tra Stato, cittadinanza e territorio createsi all'indomani della turbolenta transizione democratica dei primi anni Novanta. La Conferenza Nazionale del 1991 ha visto da una parte l'affermazione di una societŕ civile determinata ad occupare spazi e funzioni sempre piů importanti all'interno delle dinamiche cittadine. Allo stesso tempo, i disordini politici e le violenze che ne seguirono hanno scosso profondamente la cittŕ di Lomé. Il processo di frammentazione socio-spaziale prodottosi in questo ultimo periodo ha portato alla ribalta nuovi attori sociali, che hanno saputo instaurare un peculiare rapporto col territorio della capitale togolese, assumendo un ruolo importante nella governance territoriale. Frutto di una ricerca sul campo effettuata tra il 2007 e il 2008, questo contributo intende mostrare come i mutamenti politici degli anni Novanta abbiano permesso, seppur parzialmente, di delegare il governo della cittŕ ad attori sociali prima emarginati, quali i giovani, le donne e le associazioni. Si vuole porre inoltre in evidenza come la rappresentazione stessa della cittŕ sia cambiata, grazie al lavoro di una stampa vivace e sempre piů indipendente.
Il piano implicito: il territorio nazionale nella programmazione economica italiana 1946-'73
Authors: Renzoni Cristina
Published: June 2021

A partire dal secondo dopoguerra l'Italia elabora un numero considerevole di piani nazionali a lungo termine a carattere per lo piů settoriale. Piani infrastrutturali, agricoli, energetici, piani pluriennali per l'edilizia economica e popolare e per l'edilizia scolastica, piani di sviluppo economico rendono conto di uno sforzo consistente di pianificazione teso ad affrontare la stagione di grandi cambiamenti economici e culturali in cui il paese si trova immerso. In totale assenza di un piano territoriale alla scala nazionale, la maggior parte dei programmi pluriennali prodotti in quegli anni si occupa, in maniera piů o meno esplicita, di cittŕ e territorio e ne mette in campo letture e ipotesi di trasformazione. Il presente saggio focalizza l'attenzione sui documenti della programmazione economica italiana elaborati tra il 1946 e il 1973, in cui vengono riconosciute quattro figure prevalenti che hanno informato le scelte di piano sia a livello teorico che operativo. Il territorio italiano viene a fasi alterne letto come risorsa, come supporto, come veicolo di progresso, o, infine, come sfera quotidiana: quattro immagini che costituiscono un possibile strumento di interpretazione per analizzare le forme e i modi in cui il discorso urbanistico entra nella politica nazionale tra anni Cinquanta e Sessanta.
Torino, piazza dello statuto
Authors: Morgantini Filippo
Published: June 2021

Nota soprattutto per gli aspetti politici, economici e urbanistici, la Piazza Statuto a Torino propone ancora molti quesiti irrisolti circa i riferimenti culturali adottati ed i protagonisti coinvolti nella raffinata configurazione architettonica dell'uniforme complesso di edifici che la caratterizzano. Il nuovo studio evidenzia come, nella piazza edificata fra il 1864 e il 1868 per celebrare lo Statuto Albertino (la costituzione concessa dal re Carlo Alberto), alcune ingegnose proposte indirizzate a definire uno stile architettonico nazionale (Italiano), furono messe in ombra da un piů spettacolare e meglio conosciuto classicismo internazionale. Dalle complesse vicende costruttive emergono, inaspettatamente, figure di tecnici solidi e affidabili ma dalle non troppo spiccate capacitŕ creative, i cui riferimenti, nonostante la diretta partecipazione inglese, portano quasi sempre verso Parigi, sia per continuitŕ con i modelli neoclassici d'inizio secolo, sia per la forte influenza della cultura francese in tutta Europa. Con il trasferimento della capitale, ancor prima del completamento degli edifici, la piazza diviene uno dei luoghi-simbolo della nuova vocazione borghese e industriale della cittŕ, sottolineata dall'erezione del monumento agli uomini che scavarono il tunnel del Frejus; le testimonianze letterarie, pur in modo parziale e soggettivo, testimoniano, tuttavia, la difficoltŕ di assegnare funzioni simboliche a quegli spazi.
Ripensare la "Sociologia urbana". Parte seconda: da bisogno di coerenza a ipotesi di imprevedibilitŕ
Authors: Guidicini Paolo
Published: June 2021

- I come back to the debate which was begun in the "first part". Now, I focus on the concept of "structure" as a basic moment in the empirical research on the territory (in particular, the concept of perceived structure will be considered). After that, I will stress the connection between science and technology, and the importance to insert them in an Urban Sociology debate (Heidegger and the concept of Ge-Steel). Then, I will conclude putting into evidence the difficulty in territory fruition.

Key words: social morphology, structured territorial context, safety/technology, ontology of decline.
Ripensare la "Sociologia Urbana". Parte quarta: la Metodologia della ricerca nell'approccio storico, culturale e delle interazioni
Authors: Guidicini Paolo
Published: June 2021

- Doing territorial research is not only considering what we called base factors (morphology, economy, urban planning) but also many other ones, just like historical documentation and all factors connected with the culture of a place. Lat but not least, we also have to consider the role of social interaction system. This research step is probably the one where the distinction between qualitative and quantitative assumes the highest importance. In particular, it is interesting to study social interactions which favour what we called connective properties; they can be seen as an opportunity of exchange among relational, symbolic and fruition contexts.
L'insediamento degli immigrati nello spazio urbano. Un'analisi esplorativa sulla concentrazione degli alunni di origine straniera a Milano
Authors: Borlini Barbara , Memo Francesco
Published: June 2021

Il saggio indaga le dinamiche di segregazione scolastica emergenti nel contesto urbano di Milano. A una bassa segregazione etnica a livello residenziale non corrisponde necessariamente un basso rischio di segregazione a livello scolastico, poiché le dinamiche di segregazione scolastica emergono dall'interazione di diversi processi: la crescita del numero di minori di origine straniera in etŕ scolare; l'esistenza di microconcentrazioni di immigrati in alcuni quartieri della cittŕ; le differenze nelle dinamiche demografiche tra popolazione italiana e straniera; il delinearsi di strategie attive delle famiglie italiane volte ad evitare scuole ritenute socialmente inadatte, alla ricerca di ambienti che offrono migliori opportunitŕ di riproduzione del capitale sociale famigliare.
Reti d'impresa e beni collettivi locali per la competitivitŕ: il marchio Monferr.aLto
Authors: Mela Sara
Published: June 2021

L'articolo analizza un progetto realizzato dallo spin-off dell'Universitŕ del Piemonte Orientale, finalizzato a dar vita a una rete d'imprese del comparto agroalimentare, alla luce di alcuni strumenti concettuali: quello di rete d'impresa e di beni collettivi locali per la competitivitŕ. L'autrice mette in luce le caratteristiche dei beni collettivi prodotti dalla rete, il ruolo svolto dallo spin-off e le ricadute del progetto sulla competitivitŕ complessiva del sistema territoriale.
Arteinpiazza - Pratiche di lettura e scrittura urbana
Authors: Garibaldo Luca Francesco
Published: June 2021

- While creativity, art and culture are terms used increasingly more often by urban institutions in the attempt to provide an answer to the anonymity of international style and to promote certain markets, there is a constellation of spontaneous activities seething in the shadows. Practiced either individually or in groups, they constitute an area of challenge and conflict in which you measure your freedom against that of the others. In a city of steel reinforced doors and closed-off areas under Cct surveillance, art is a common and possible space where you can cultivate your responsibility and set new social equilibriums even if they are temporary. Let us learn to read and write our cities! Let us try it in an unexpected place, perhaps in a square in the poorer outer neighbourhoods of the city, to discover alternative centres and new geographies.
Mind the gap. Linguaggi e strategie comunicative nei processi di progettazione partecipata
Authors: Bruzzese Antonella
Published: June 2021

- The dimension of communication has assumed a significant role in planning activities in recent years. To reflect today on its forms means reasoning on the effectiveness of actions, projects, interactions and in particular here for the purpose of communication in participatory planning processes. When the objective is to ‘encourage participation' comprehension is one of the priority objectives. To pursue this objective the best ways must be found to close the information gaps that are created between the transmitters of communications experts, planners, professionals and the receivers inhabitants, politicians, other experts and clients. Some considerations can be put forward concerning techniques, languages and communication strategies, identifying requirements and indications useful for making them effective in the fields of verbal communication (narrations and arguments), visual communication (working illustrations) and the construction of experiences (emotional involvement).
Per non escluderlo. Appunti per un metodo che tenga conto di come le persone sentono lo spazio
Authors: Lembi Pietro , Moro Anna , Rossi Alice
Published: June 2021

- All too often architects and urban planners design and plan without taking account of how people will live and what they will experience in the places they create. The paper reports the experience of the course entitled ‘Analysis of urban space' in 2008-2009. The students and lecturers kept a diary based on ideas offered by artists, actors, directors and so on of the way in which they felt and sensed space: the space of listening, of contact and that of dreams. The work that emerged was very rich. It traced an unexpected and very interesting map of Milan and of the places in which they live: sadistic places, some praised by architecture journals; however, also attractive places, generally given little consideration. This experience is taken as an example of a method for assessing places and giving useful information to those called upon to plan and design them. It requires mutual trust and confidence in the capacities of one's body as a guide to assess the places you are in. Shared knowledge is created from the most personal experiences: right next to you, but generally inaccessible because not considered sufficiently cultured and academic.
Verso un pensiero degli arcana. Suggestioni in Carl Schmitt
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco
Published: June 2021

- Carl Schmitt, a controversial twentieth century jurist and political philosopher never addressed the subject of urban planning. Nevertheless, many of his intuitions and theoretical suggestions, buried before their time together with the ashes of the Modern, are still able to stimulate thought which enquires into the intimate nature of space and those disciplines which deal with it. More specifically, this paper analyses three key concepts of Schmitt's theory (the nomos of the earth, the earth-sea dichotomy and the political friend-enemy categories) that are particularly interesting because they provide fertile suggestions on the ‘arcanic' nature of space, useful suggestions for a more open-minded rereading of many subjects with which planners deal everyday. At the end of the essay, this possibility is examined in relation to the subject of the ‘space of globalisation'.
Gli effetti urbanistici di un grande progetto di trasformazione della cittŕ di Milano
Authors: Doni Matteo
Published: June 2021

- Consideration of the affair of the former O.M. (Machine Workshop) area starts with an attempt to ‘read the past to understand the present' and therefore the main documents, plans and programmes which affected this part of the city were examined and ‘taken apart' as it were. This process involved analysing some of the main Milanese deregulation instruments (The master document for the Urban Link Line Railway, 1983), the starting point for the redefinition of plans for this area. In subsequent years the entire area was affected by the ‘Nine parks for Milan project' (1995) which laid the foundations for the complete conversion of it, which was to occur with the ‘Urban redevelopment programme' (1999) named the ‘former O.M.'. As we will see, this programme was to take no account of some abandoned or about to be abandoned areas contiguous to the zone which were redeveloped independently using the ‘Dia' instrument. Reflection performed at the same time on the planning assumptions and on actual results highlighted issues for consideration within the framework of large urban transformations. Being There and Away.
Controvento: costruire natura e fare paesaggio negli spazi aperti della urbanizzazione diffusa pedemontana
Authors: Lanzani Arturo
Published: June 2021

- One first consideration is to insist on the centrality of a political commitment to the redevelopment of residual open spaces for the development of the densely congested conurbation of the Alpine foothills. Residual open spaces can be reconsidered through a profound action to renew them as nuclei and corridors with a high degree of reconstructed naturalness: like islands of urban countryside; like spaces for collective enjoyment and meeting places for populations that are ever more different; like places of quiet and slowness in noisy and fast communities. Open spaces which when transformed into green infrastructures and parks (agricultural, leisure and nature areas) can restore ecological balance and spread elements of ‘urbanity' to an urbanisation which seems to present elements of crisis today because of its low level of liveability, its environmental unsustainability, its perennial congestion, its absence of any type of care for unbuilt on land, the poverty of urban places and the more general crisis of liveability (the cause of which today is now the quantity of urbanised land). A second consideration examines the process of the reciprocal adjustment of two tendentially conflicting policies: to construct a motorway and to identify a green corridor. This reciprocal adjustment occurs both through the strategic and planning interpretation of the environmental compensations of a motorway and through a rethinking of the ‘North green Dorsal' project as an active policy and not just as a constraint.
La nozione giuridica di territorio
Authors: Cabiddu Maria Agostina
Published: June 2021

- The term ‘territorio' in Italian no longer refers necessarily to a general set of local institutions and interests, nor to what is constituted by those bodies termed ‘territorial authorities'. Rather today it alludes, even in the commonly understood meaning of the term, to a new form of relationship between 224 Territorio individuals and the environment that surrounds them and in which they perform their activities, which goes beyond traditional classifications of ownership and possession and relates to an undefined series of interests which can be encapsulated with a verbal formula which has no corresponding term in law in the strict sense in the notion of ‘territorial good/asset' (Translators note: the noun and its adjective are seldom translated by ‘territory', but variously by ‘community', ‘local', ‘geographical', ‘land' and so on according to the context). It is an open term subject to continuous evolution characterised by its immateriality and its public nature. This means that the substantive nature is the good and not the things (land, infrastructures, civil works, etc.) that constitute, according to the case, the material support for it, and it is therefore obvious that the position of a public authority in its quality as an exponent of the community is not so much the holder of property rights as of a holder of legislative and regulatory powers which it uses to pursue the common interest. Its public nature is therefore understood not in the subjective sense as a thing in the public domain or as belonging to a public administration, but rather as a good that is inherent to a general interest and more precisely the interest of conserving things and their context while also facilitating processes that are vital to society.
Il territorio delle organizzazioni criminali
Authors: Cremaschi Marco
Published: June 2021

- The criminal occupation of areas has not yet been studied by those responsible for urban planning and development. However, this is not just a question of an ethical and political challenge, criminal power and its territorial rationale pose theoretical problems and an interpretative question. If we consider forms of mafia control, the opposing positions of state and civil society seem sterile and the presumption that the latter should be called upon make up for the failings of the former appears especially excessive. Criminal presence can be interpreted as one of the forms of ‘rulelessness', regulatory redundancy, which regards institutions and society. Therefore, the entire experience of local policies centred on enhancing the value of social capital is called into question. On the one hand it becomes possible to discuss the ‘dark side' of social capital and on the other a return to legality and regulation (including urban planning regulation) appears necessary. However, an examination of the policies and urban planning policies in particular, indicates that it is far from obvious to expect that respect for rules and good citizenship practices go hand in hand.
Tra ruralizzazione ed urbanizzazione: progetti integrati cittŕ-campagna
Authors: Giannini Alessandra
Published: June 2021

- Country life is (and has been) the object of utopian visions, set against the rise of urban living. The paradigms of the myth of rural life can be traced back to Howard's Garden City and to Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City. These examples of the paradigm blend into a broader and trans-disciplinary contemporary discourse on the myth of rural living. Since the end of the 1990s, the subject of the relationship between the rural and the urban has developed into plans that could be called ‘country utopias'. The system of agricultural production and the countryside is evolving today towards new forms of integration and hybridisation with urban areas. Planning practices are emerging today in the definition of the characters and traits of urban agriculture designed to create town and country interaction particularly in marginal areas, strips located on the borders between town and country. These modifications are leading to the definition of new rural figures, together with plans capable of giving new life to liminal and marginal areas between town and country by creating new models of ‘rururban' living.
Local action for biodiversity in the ‘Portal da Amazônia'
Authors: Da Riva Edson
Published: June 2021

The Cristalino Ecological Foundation, in co-operation with the Alta Floresta municipality and with a number of complementary partners (Local Action for Biodiversity, Iclei-Local Governments for Sustainability, Latin America & Caribbean Secretariat, Institute of research and planning of Curitiba) is moving ahead enthusiastically with an initiative for the Portal da Amazônia project. It is an area rich in biodiversity, but at high risk, located on the southern borders of Amazonia where for decades unsustainable land use has caused the destruction of approximately 70% of the native forests. This reforestation and ecological defragmentation pilot project together with other recommended action is designed to reverse that trend and they propose a new model of urbanisation for Amazonia.
La biodiversitŕ nella cittŕ di Montreal
Authors: Picard Michelle , Alavo Yves
Published: June 2021

La cittŕ di Montreal continua a giocare un ruolo preponderante in materia di sviluppo e di pianificazione della biodiversitŕ, sia alla scala locale che internazionale. Il Settore di Coordinamento della Biodiversitŕ della Cittŕ di Montreal, promuove azioni di diffusione e di integrazione tra le politiche settoriali, della natura in cittŕ, dell'ambiente e dello sviluppo sostenibile. La cittŕ porta avanti modelli di pianificazione della biodiversitŕ e della loro interessante trasversalitŕ nei diversi livelli operativi e amministrativi, presi come esempi da altre realtŕ urbane canadesi e internazionali. Gli strumenti urbanistici municipali mirano alla prevenzione, educazione, conservazione e concertazione, grazie alla ricerca scientifica, alla gestione ecologica dei grandi parchi, alla preservazione degli ecosistemi urbani e alla salvaguardia delle specie rare.
Skyland. Vertical farming a Milano
Authors: Buffoli Maddalena , Carli Paolo
Published: June 2021

Skyland is a design for an urban eco-building for the production of biological foods cultivated in a controlled indoor greenhouse environment. Within it the whole food chain will unfold ranging from production, which will take place on 30 terraced fl oors, to retail sales, located on the ground fl oor of the building. The whole process will follow specifi c sustainability and health promotion criteria, principles which today are inseparable from urban development.
Forme e strategie per la campagna urbana: spunti a partire dal Vimercatese
Authors: Moro Anna , Novak Christian
Published: June 2021

The Vimercate landscape rests on two geographical constants which shape the natural and man-made structure of the area: the river and valley corridors which cross the area from North to South and the dense network of agricultural paths which form the framework of the agricultural plains running from East to West. These features become the support for a potential reticular public space consisting of routes, natural areas and services, a reconstituted margin between the city and the countryside, an agricultural space which becomes once again a builder of landscape quality. The construction of a new ‘geratio' is therefore proposed, based on productive and ecological infrastructures in the landscape, thereby attributing a social role to agricultural areas as a multifunctional space of agricultural production, but which is also for leisure: a space where urban services, inhabited centres and natural and agricultural environments meet.
Tra Martesana e Villoresi: esperienze di agricoltura urbana
Authors: Longo Antonio
Published: June 2021

The article describes an experience of surveying and planning agricultural outdoor spaces between the Villoresi and Martesana canals, a part of the Milan metropolis rich in landscape and environmental resources and parties interested in various ways in caring for and using them. The project was the result of a competition held by the Cariplo foundation, designed to create effective conditions for the results of the work to take root. There is then a local opportunity offered by two neighbouring towns Cernusco and Bussero, where farmers and local government administrators work, who knew how to experiment with new forms of managing agriculture within towns. The project, which was deliberately simplifi ed in terms of the form and management, tried to interpret these conditions, characterised by practices able to produce landscape over time and to generate long term physical and spatial results by means of actions with no immediately visible results.
Louis Khan. La ricerca dell'Ordine
Authors: Di Franco Andrea
Published: June 2021

The famous phrase ‘Order is', reveals a conception of order that is relative to a path of research, rather than to a defi nition of absolutes. Kahn's order could be identifi ed with the unfolding of his experience, with the unwinding of his constantly dialectic compositions, structurally antinomic, consisting of drawings, materials and words: ‘order and design', ‘order and form', ‘not measurable and measurable', symmetry and asymmetry, centred and fragmented, ‘silence and light', nucleus and envelope, memory and a-temporality. Although all completely different one from another, his works are unequivocally parts of a single grand project which unfolds and comprises every experience and every substance to the point of implicating himself and his private sphere, so fatally absorbed by the superior order of his architectural research.
Monaco di Baviera tra crescita ininterrotta e nuove disuguaglianze urbane
Authors: Petrillo Agostino
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses and shows various aspects of the city of Munich: on the one hand a successful metropolis not only on a German scale, but also on European and global scales; on the other hand an urban reality that has experienced such increases in inequality and poverty as to arouse concern despite the goals achieved. To help understand the reasons for this unparalleled growth over the last decade, a quick historical summary is pre¬sented and then emphasis is placed on development methods for an urban region in Munich much broader than the borders of the city itself. Finally, an examination is made of the policies developed by the administration of Munich showing the positive effects and overall implications for the functioning of the city.
Una guerra di pietra e cemento: il caso del Jerusalem Master Plan
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the contents of the Jerusalem Master Plan in light of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over Jerusalem. Focus is on the theme of residential construction, the treatment of which is illustrated in relation to the various groups in the population (Arabs and Jews). Generally speaking, the thesis is supported that the master plan could be considered a document substantially consistent with the Israeli strategy of controlling the city through urban policies as practiced since 1967, though it is interesting to point out some elements that run counter to this trend.
Cittŕ dei Morti, uno slum conteso nel cuore del Cairo
Authors: Sambati Simona
Published: June 2021

Al Qarafa, City of the Dead, and its emergence in the global megalopolis of Cairo. The transformation of the monumental cemetery into a slum has produced notable contradictions in urban planning and governance policies. The inhabitants and the ancient architecture, respectively the immaterial and material patrimony of this cemetery, represent parts of a multi-layered problem that shows no alternative solutions to destruction.
Fare e insegnare
Authors: Di Franco Andrea
Published: June 2021

Making and teaching architecture: the relationship between professional practice and academic efforts aimed at research and teaching does not always follow a continuous line that consistently connects theoretical assumptions and concrete results. This unavoidable gap between professional circumstances and experimental themes of the discipline becomes an opportunity for enriching the significance of both areas, establishing a more problematic but deeper notion of the discipline of design. The research intended for the pages of the departmental journal attempts to cover some works by teachers in our school, and from their interpretation the frequently complex relationship emerges between key themes in the architectural discipline and their repercussions on the level of the urban landscape.
Is there a place for more Moličre? Cultural policy and metropolitan politics after cultural Keynesianism
Authors: Sawyer Stephen W.
Published: June 2021

In Paris, the rearrangement of the balance between city, periphery and national territory creates tensions also shown in the area of cultural policies. Concentrating on the recent conflict between the Comédie Française and other local cultural actors in Bobigny, this paper shows how national initiatives for cultural planning in the metropolitan region are rooted in a project of democratisation and decentralisation on a national scale, which could be defined as ‘cultural Keynesianism'. The paper maintains that similar processes and tensions are more comprehensible if placed within local cultural ‘scenes' that include places designated for culture as well as other amenities and cultural practices. In this way the event in Bobigny is explained by considering the cultural policies and experiments in participatory democracy within this territorial context.
I restauri della Maison La Roche e della Villa E-1027
Authors: Gatier Pierre-Antoine , Gandini Bénédicte
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the method employed for the restoration of the Maison La Roche and the Villa E-1027 buildings, considered emblematic for modern French architecture. The radical atten- tion to material conservation was the main objective, supported by substantial research of the archives and minute analysis of the existing buildings, the results of which are reported. Maison La Roche became a museum compliant with the requirements of a public utility building. A discussion is given of the study and restoration of the murals by Le Corbusier conserved at Villa E-1027, which has not yet found a new function.
Progetto di rigenerazione architettonica dell'edificio R5 a Tor Bella Monaca
Authors: Scattolini Elena
Published: June 2021

A degree thesis written in conjunction with Diap research on the Tor Bella Monaca neighbourhood case study, which proposes intervention on an existing building, the R5 block. This is one of the buildings for which demolition is proposed according to the neighbourhood plan drawn up by the architect Krier and backed by Alemanno, the Mayor of Rome. The intention on the contrary is to investigate an alternative to demolition, which involves the reuse of existing structures, following an approach of reuse, regeneration of the built and agricultural land savings. An initial phase of identifying general design strategies was followed by activity to reorganise all parts of the building with particular attention paid to the ground floor, the design of open spaces, the insertion of new functions and the redesign of the accommodation.
Quale giustizia tra gli spazi scolastici della disuguaglianza? Un'esperienza di progettazione in corso
Authors: Cognetti Francesca
Published: June 2021

The paper investigates the subject of schools with a high concentration of immigrant children in the City of Milan. It looks at the factors which have contributed to the creation of a heavily polarised situation. This thinking forms the background for the description of a multi-cultural integration project organised by a broad network of participants including the Department of Architecture and Planning. The keys to interpretation connected with the idea of spatial justice help to make it possible to place the spaces of social and urban inequality back at the centre of urban planning. The focus here is on the limitations and possibilities of a policy approach based on the issues of personal and collective capacities, the relationship between endogenous and exogenous factors and the tension between the design of spaces, practices and uses.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT PROVISION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
Authors: Zoria Оleksii , Bardina Tetiana , Zoria Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The article develops the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the concept of investment support for sustainable development of rural areas in terms of institutional transformations. It is determined that the systemic idea of rural areas as a territorial and social system, allows us to consider them as a socio-ecological-economic system in the context of the following structural components: agroecosystems, economic and socio-mental space. It has been established that sustainable development is possible on the basis of an integrated approach that takes into account the close relationship between the economic, environmental and social components of rural areas. Rural areas develop in a certain natural environment, in close connection with the urban territorial subsystem and under the influence of the global economic system. The dynamism and sustainability of rural development depend not only on the external environment, but also on achieving a balance of their economic, social and environmental components, which is ensured by adhering to the principles of complexity, coherence, balance and harmony. The methods of management of sustainable development of rural areas used in modern economic science and practice are caused by features of the last, and also the factors influencing activity of investments in the conditions of a countryside. All this requires a variety of applied management tools, the cumulative effect of which should ensure sustainable development of rural areas, stabilization of agricultural production, stop the outflow of migration from rural areas to cities and abroad, improve living standards in rural areas. Based on the provisions of economic theory on the nature of investment and current legislation, the article reveals the following features of investing in sustainable rural development. It is noted that sustainable development of rural areas is possible only with sufficient and effective investment support based on a combination of efforts of state and local authorities, local communities, businesses, investment strategy, improving public investment policy and implementing an appropriate mechanism for its implementation.
ESSENCE AND SIGNS OF INVESTMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK SEA REGION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kulakov Oleksii
Published: June 2021

At this stage of development of Ukraine’s economy it is necessary to analyze the nature and characteristics of investment in the national economy. To increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine requires systematization of investment characteristics. Due to the lack of investment, the classification of types of investments will help the economic development of Ukraine. There are also quite different definitions of investment, which is of great importance for the investment development of Ukraine. It is necessary to analyze and generalize scientific approaches to create a definition of “investment”. Intensification of foreign investment helps the development of industry, agro-industrial complex, education, science, social protection and more. It is extremely important to intensify foreign investment in the Black Sea (southern) Region, namely in Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Donetsk regions. After all, all these areas participate in the Black Sea Basin program. Therefore, the problems of the essence and features of investments of the national economy become relevant, the analysis of these problems will increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine and its regions. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to defining the category of ‘investment” by different authors, as well as related concepts that are directly related to this category. The signs of investments are systematized. Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific approaches, the definition of the category “investment” is proposed. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the growth of foreign direct investment in the economy of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine was revealed. Taking into account the statistical data, it is investigated that there is almost no increase in the volume of foreign investment per unit of national currency (hryvnia) of the gross regional product (GRP) in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine. It is considered that the growth of foreign investment per capita is low in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, which requires attracting new foreign investment in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, support small and medium enterprises in the Black Sea Region of Ukraine.
The Relationship Between Language Learning Strategies and Gender in Learning English as a Second or Foreign Language
Authors: Tran Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: June 2021

In Viet Nam and many other nations, people tend to make general assumptions about language learning like that “Females are better at language learning than males”, “Languages are females’ subjects”. Those assumptions have caused a negative impression on males about language learning. As a result, there is a remarkable worldwide inequality in the number of male and female English majors. Are females really superior to males in language learning? Do their different ways in language learning play an important role in their success? If the differences in learning methods are said to be responsible, their learning strategies may account for their different level of success in language learning. Those questions inspired the author to determine whether there are any significant differences in learning strategies due to gender. The paper first synthesized previous research to have an overview of learning strategies males tend to prefer and those that females favour. Then, from the awareness of the differences, some pedagogic implications were raised for English teachers who share the same interest in dealing well with learners of each sex.
МОДЕЛЬ ВЕДЕННЯ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ АРТИЛЕРІЙСЬКИМИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ ПІД ЧАС ВОГНЕВОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ У ХОДІ ВЕДЕННЯ НАСТУПАЛЬНИХ ДІЙ
Authors: Репіло Юрій , Головченко Олег
Published: June 2021

Результати аналізу здобутих уроків ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами в збройному конфлікті на Сході України свідчать, що на цей час актуальними є питання підвищення ефективності ведення ними бойових дій та забезпечення їх живучості. На підставі аналізу способів забезпечення живучості артилерійських підрозділів визначено, що головними у ході ведення бойових дій артилерії були постійне маневрування при призначенні районів очікування (заряджання). Також відомо, що зміст ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами в наступі становить безперервна вогнева підтримка загальновійськових формувань.

Таким чином, в теорії та практиці ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами в наступі виникла суперечність між потребою збільшення часу перебування їх на вогневих позиціях залежно від певного обсягу вогневих завдань для безперервної вогневої підтримки військових формувань з одного боку та вимогою зменшення такого часу для здійснення необхідного маневру з метою забезпечення живучості артилерійських підрозділів з іншого.

Метою статті є розробка моделі ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділам під час вогневої підтримки у ході ведення наступальних дій з урахуванням їх постійного маневрування для забезпечення живучості та перебування в районі очікування (заряджання).

В статті викладено опис моделі ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами під час вогневої підтримки в наступальних діях. модель є аналітико-стохастичною та описує імовірнісні характеристики ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами під час вогневої підтримки у ході ведення наступальних дій з використанням теорії випадкових процесів зі скінченою множиною послідовних перманентних змін їх функціональних станів під впливом чинників зовнішнього середовища та чинників управління в умовах можливого вогневого впливу противника при наявності таких елементів бойового порядку, як райони очікування (заряджання). запропонована модель ведення бойових дій може бути використана для пошуку причинно-наслідкових зв’язків між складовими подібних процесів та обґрунтування рекомендацій щодо забезпечення живучості артилерійських підрозділів під час вогневої підтримки в наступальних діях
МЕТОДИКА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ СТРУКТУРИ СИСТЕМИ РАДІОЛОКАЦІЙНОЇ РОЗВІДКИ ПОВІТРЯНОГО ПРОТИВНИКА
Authors: Загорка Олексій , Поліщук Сергій , Загорка Ірина
Published: June 2021

Ефективність протиповітряної оборони військ і об’єктів суттєво залежить від функціонування системи розвідки повітряного противника. Своєчасність видачі інформації про засоби повітряного нападу противника зенітним ракетним дивізіонам є визначальним для їх надійного ураження. Невизначеність дій засобів повітряного нападу, а саме висот їх застосування і напрямків удару по військах і об’єктах, обумовлює необхідність при організації розвідки розглядати декілька варіантів побудови просторової структури системи розвідки повітряного противника з метою її оптимізації.
У статті запропоновано методику визначення раціональної просторової структури системи розвідки повітряного противника, в якій за критерій оптимізації прийнято ефективність функціонування системи розвідки повітряного противника, що оцінюється математичним сподіванням відносної величини кількості засобів повітряного нападу зі складу удару, що виявлені і по яким своєчасно видана інформація зенітним ракетним дивізіонам.
Ефективність функціонування системи розвідки повітряного противника визначається як добуток імовірності виявлення цілей системи розвідки повітряного противника та імовірності своєчасної видачі інформації по них зенітним ракетним дивізіонам. Імовірність виявлення цілі системи розвідки повітряного противника визначається із урахуванням коефіцієнта перекриття радіолокаційного поля, імовірності своєчасної видачі інформації зенітним ракетним дивізіонам із використанням нормальної функції розподілу Лапласа. При оцінювані ефективності функціонування системи розвідки повітряного противника ураховуються можливі діапазони висот застосування засобів повітряного нападу і напрямки їх ударів по військах і об’єктах. Розподіл засобів повітряного нападу за діапазонами висот застосування здійснюється за евристичним методом. Коефіцієнти важливості (небезпечності) напрямків ударів засобів повітряного нападу визначаються із використанням експертного методу ранжирування.
Варіанти просторової структури системи розвідки повітряного противника відрізняються розташуванням позицій радіолокаційних станцій на місцевості. Раціональним вважається варіант просторової структури, якому відповідає максимум ефективності функціонування системи розвідки повітряного противника.
Порядок використання розробленої методики визначення раціональної просторової структури системи розвідки повітряного противника показаний на прикладі. Методика може використовуватись під час організації розвідки повітряного противника органами управління радіотехнічних військ.
建筑电气安装工程施工管理技术
Authors: 李 海龙
Published: June 2021

可以说房子在人们生活中起到了重要的作用，现阶段各地住房价格也不断提升，炒房现象比较普遍，因此政府部门针对此种现象也加大了对房地产市场的管控力度。目前在进行工程建设过程中多会采用总承包方式，这样在无形中也给劳动力市场、材料市场管控工作带来难度，缩小了招投标范围，也增加了付款难度，因此应进一步强化施工现场管理并采用精细化管理模式对各环节进行管理。科技的发展也给建筑行业带来新的契机，其中电气设备在建筑工程中起到了重要的作用，直接影响着建筑工程使用功能及使用效果。因此相关管理人员应认识到电气安装工程的重要性并根据建筑行业发展情况对电气安装工程管理理念、管理制度进行优化，从而保证电气安装工程质量，确保电气设备使用效果，为建筑行业发展提供动力。
浅析互联网技术在低压配网电力系统的应用
Authors: 周 子辉
Published: June 2021

我国人口基数大，各个行业发展迅速，无论是国民日常生活还是社会行业发展对电能的需求量不断增加，并且我国有着较大的电能消耗。传统的配电方式存在较大的浪费，为了尽量减少能源消耗，需要提高配电系统的运行能力，提升电力负荷量，加强现代互联网技术的应用。为此，需要明确低压配网电力系统的网络构成，并且合理落实互联网技术，加强二者的融合应用和管理，达到快速发展低压配网电力系统的效果。
A PROFESIONAL SKILL SET OF A TEACHER AND UNIVERSITY LECTURER IN RELATION TO THE CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF JOB BURNOUT
Authors: Kugiejko Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The term "burnout" exists in vernacular for centuries. By saying that something is burned we usually have in front of our eyes the image after a fire, that ash and rubble. However, nowadays burnout is a pictorial representation of what may remain after a large and fervent commitment to ones careers. Job is an important factor in life, it influences the existence beyond work. Thus, it is important to create the conditions of appropriate, harmonic, and effective work. In particular, the specific features of the teaching profession are characterized by high workload and increasingly more complex requirements – the rush to keep up with the innovation, competitive pressure of the environment and continuous stress.
This research aims to present an analysis of job burnout among teachers highlighting the risks and protective factors expressed by the potential "victims", as well as the measures that can be taken to counteract. It also elaborates on personal and social factors which have an impact on occupational burnout issue among teachers in Poland. This study was undertaken because the problem has not been sufficiently studied before in Poland, and too little attention was paid to the issues which the target group is facing. This background led to two theoretical assumptions, meaning that – regardless of the school type – all teachers are exposed to occupational burnout in the same way. The second theory claims that most of them do not realize the threat or are afraid to admit they have the symptoms resulting from job burnout. In order to confirm both theories, the author used qualitative and quantitative methods (interview and survey form) and the results were used to form a set of recommendations how to protect oneself from occupational burnout. The survey was conducted among 141 Polish teachers from primary, secondary and high schools, from two age groups – below 30 years old and over 46 years old. Special focus was placed on the age and inclination to exhaustion at work, lack of motivation and feeling of frustration, considering such factors like e.g. atmosphere at school and cooperation with students, other teachers and principals.The analysis showed that in most cases teachers within the scope of the research declared not to feel burnout. However, slightly less than a half of them admitted to operate under daily stress and in fact undergoing the process of the job burnout without even realizing it. The findings of the research are important for the potential identification of an adequate and rapid prevention, which result is closely linked to better wellbeing and health of teachers who could be more successful and passionate about their work.
Key words: burnout, frustration, emotional exhaustion, job environment, lack of motivation.
Kohtuullinen kasvattaja
Authors: Laakkonen Erja
Published: June 2021

Perinteisen järjestötoiminnan rinnalle on muodostunut uudenlaista liikehdintää, ei-hierarkkisesti organisoitunutta kansalaistoimintaa. Pohjois-Karjalassa toimiva Kohtuus vaarassa -kansalaisliike on verkosto, joka tavoittelee kulutuskeskeisen ajattelun- ja elämäntavan muutosta. Se järjestää muun muassa seminaareja, keskustelutilaisuuksia ja retkiä. Ryhmä on valtakunnallisen kohtuusliikehdinnän alullepanija. Tarkastelen ryhmää ekososiaalisena sivistäjänä. Tulkinta pohjautuu kestävyystutkijoiden Arto O. Salosen ja Marjatta Bardyn jaotteluun ekososiaalisen sivistyksen piirteistä. Sen pohjalta analysoin seitsemän aktiivin haastatteluja teorialähtöisellä laadullisella analyysilla: hain aineistosta vastuullisuuden, kohtuullisuuden ja ihmistenvälisyyden kuvauksia. Tausta-aineistona ovat liikkeen julkaisut ja osallistuva havainnointi. Tulosten mukaan Kohtuus vaarassa -ryhmässä vastuullisuus ymmärretään laajana, koko elonkehää koskevana huolenpitona. Liikkeen ytimessä oleva kohtuullisuus on kulutuskriittisyyttä, hankkimista tarpeen mukaan. Luonnonvarojen käytön tulee olla kohtuuden rajoissa. Ihmistenvälisyys on keskeistä, ja kasvokkaisia tapaamisia arvostetaan. Kohtuus vaarassa -toimijat välittävät ekososiaalisen sivistyksen sanomaa paitsi luentojen ja muiden yleisötapahtumien avulla myös arkisissa kohtaamisissaan kuten tavatessaan ystäviään.