bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CU-MAC: A Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for Internet of Things in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Danmanee Tanapoom , Na Nakorn Kulit , Rojviboonchai Kultida
Published: April 2020

Nowadays “Internet of Things” or IoT becomes the most popular technology in the Internet system. Types of devices and sensors have been connected as a network of devices and sensors. While a wireless sensor network is a traditional network of sensors that can be considered as a beginning point of IoT systems. Currently, these sensor data are not only exchanged within a local network but also are delivered to other devices in the Internet. Consequently, well-known organizations such as IEEE, IETF, ITU-T and ISO/IET are trying to set standards for wireless sensor devices in IoT systems. The recommended standard utilizes many of internet stack standards such as CoAP, UDP and IP. However, the traditional design of WSNs is to avoid using internet protocol in the system to reduce transmission overhead and power consumption due to resource limitation. Fortunately, the current technology in both hardware and software allow the internet standard to sufficiently operate in a small sensor.  In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol named CU-MAC to efficiently support IoT standard that need request-respond communication or bi-direction communication. CU-MAC uses multi-channel communication to perform continuous and bi-directional data transfer at low duty-cycle. It also has a mechanism to overcome the hidden terminal problem. We evaluated the performance of CU-MAC on both simulation and real testbed based on Contiki OS. The result shows that CU-MAC outperforms other existing MAC protocols in term of packet delivery ratio at 98.7% and requires lower duty-cycle than others to operate in the high traffic environment.
A NEUROCIÊNCIA À SERVIÇO DA APRENDIZAGEM E DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: César Dias Lopes Gabriel
Published: April 2020

Este artigo reflete acerca da Neurociência enquanto coadjuvante da Pedagogia, busca entender o desenvolvimento do cérebro e  uas contribuições no processo de ensino, para contribuir com a aprendizagem das novas competências para o século XXI. Nesse  nterim a compreensão do cérebro e do seu funcionamento pelo educador é fundamental para a sua atuação em sala de aula. Em  m  rabalho de pesquisa bibliográfica, qualitativa-descritiva buscou-se por objetivo aqui discorrer sobre a performance dos cinco  érebros, e dentro de uma concepção sócio histórica, embasada pela teoria vygotskiana debater a neurociência como ferramenta  ara compreensão do processo da aprendizagem. Ressalta-se aqui a importância do estudo da biologia cerebral por parte do educador  ara a identificação de sua plasticidade e dimensões cognitivas, afetivas, emocionais, motoras e anatômica e utilizando essa  ompreensão como ferramenta de suas ações na sala de aula correlacionando assim a neurociência e a aprendizagem escolar
Comparison Among Cloud Technologies and Cloud Performance
Authors: Alzakholi Omar , Haji Lailan , Shukur Hanan , Zebari Rizgar , Abas Shakir , Sadeeq Mohammad
Published: April 2020

The cloud is the best method used for the utilization and organization of data. The cloud provides many resources for us via the internet. There are many technologies used in cloud computing systems; each one uses a different kind of protocols and methods. Many tasks can execute on different servers per second, which cannot execute on their computer. The most popular technologies used in the cloud system are Hadoop, Dryad, and another map reducing framework. Also, there are many tools used to optimize the performance of the cloud system, such as Cap3, HEP, and Cloudburst. This paper reviews in detail the cloud computing system, its used technologies, and the best technologies used with it according to multiple factors and criteria such as the procedure cost, speed cons and pros. Moreover, A comprehensive comparison of the tools used for the utilization of cloud computing systems is presented.
Financial decentralization in Ukraine: prerequisites, problems, prospects
Authors: Britchenko Igor, , Bezpartochnyi Maksym, , Maslii Natalia,
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prerequisites, advantages, problems and prospects for the development of the processes of financial decentralization in Ukraine. Initially, the article reveals the features of the federal and unitary arrangements of states. As research has shown, the principles of fiscal federalism have been increasingly used by unitary states. The legislative and normative legal acts regulating the implementation of the decentralization policy in Ukraine are justified and given. Characteristics of the formation of new structures, such as: united territorial societies and their sources of financing are characterized. Changes in incomes in local budgets as a result of decentralization are analyzed, and their significant growth is observed. The mechanism of horizontal leveling of the tax ability of territories has been developed, which helps to remove imbalances and unevenness, most of the budgets of Ukraine are recipients of budgetary funds, since they receive a basic subsidy. The influence of the development of information technologies on entrepreneurial activity in small towns and villages is determined. Information technology is a tool of points of growth of territories. Decentralization will not gradually increase due to urbanization processes, but will be accompanied by new development mechanisms, where the labor force and the means of production will unite and help create a qualitatively new environment.
Analysis of the state of financing of the Armed Forces and its impact on the defence acquisition system of arms and military equipment of Ukraine
Authors: Holota Olena,
Published: April 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of trends in financing the defence acquisition of equipment system in Ukraine and some of the leading NATO countries; highlights the problematic issues for Ukraine in terms of defence capabilities and the impact of defence acquisition of equipment on them (defence capabilities); and establishes that by performing the regulatory function, the defence equipment acquisition system not only ensures the development of the Armed Forces but also gives the market economy additional stability, if the management of mentioned system is efficient and adapted to the new economic conditions.
Effects of graduate entrepreneurship education in Bulgaria
Authors: Todorova Tatyana
Published: April 2020

The main focus of this study is students’ entrepreneurial orientation, i.e. the future career plans of undergraduate and graduate students. The research is grounded on primary data, collected through a survey among students in both state and private Bulgarian universities. Focus is placed on estimating the effect of entrepreneurship education in Bulgaria, in view of its role of providing knowledge and skills, needed for the realization of an entrepreneurial plan. This analysis hopes to be seen as an action geared to provide foundation for universities to further reflect, learn, experiment or adopt specific features in curriculum, methods or organization for entrepreneurship learning programmes.
Accounting policy of the government sector entity at the current stage of accounting systems development in accordance with international standards
Authors: Lutsyk Julia , Diachenko Serhii , Kyrychenko Serhii , Kotsyuruba Volodymyr , Tkach Ivan
Published: April 2020

The article defined notion of “accounting policy”, its contest, purpose and practical implementation.  Described main levels of accounting policy formation, their instruments that contribute and support the idea of harmonizing the accounting and financial reporting system in accordance with national and international regulations (standards).

Proved the relevance and importance of research of accounting policy formation at the modern stage of development, in conditions where integrity of the accounting system and continuity of the accounting process are the basis for management strategic decisions making.

Determined the peculiarities of formation of accounting policy for government sector entities at the modern stage of accounting system modernization. Considered the method of organization of creation the accounting policy of government sector entities through the system of stage-by-stage actions. Identified the content and elements of accounting policy, main target of which – ensuring the organization of comprehensive accounting process.

Introduced number of risks which appear directly under the conditions of adaptation of public sector entities to the modern requirements of the accounting system, which has impact to the quality of accounting process and to the level of implementation of planned actions. Proved importance of accounting policy formation for government sector entities.
Partial methodology for assessing the younger specialists competence level in the training center
Authors: Vynokurov Dmytro , Heorhadze Oleksandr
Published: April 2020

The experience of the employment of troops (forces) during the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) and Joint Forces Operation (JFO) on the East of Ukraine shows us that the most effective result in combat operations achieved by units equipped with personnel that received appropriate trainings and has an experience in combat actions. Therefore, the successful accomplishment of combat tasks of unit will directly depend on the level of competence of the individual soldier. This encourages the research and establishment of new approaches to the organization and preparation of their training, which requires the development of a scientific and methodical apparatus for evaluation the competence level of training center junior specialists. In the article presents a partial methodology for assessing the younger specialists competence level in the training center. Moreover, which is built on the basis of multicriteria task calculation, which allows not only to evaluate the results of serviceman preparation and training on the subjects of study, but also to take into account personal qualities. This it possible to quantify the serviceman competence level, as well as to identify the “weaknesses” in the organization and conduct of the educational process.
ALMA 0.88 mm Survey of Disks around Planetary-mass Companions
Authors: Wu Ya-Lin , Bowler Brendan P. , Sheehan Patrick D. , Andrews Sean M. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Kraus Adam L. , Ricci Luca , Wilner David J. , Zhu Zhaohuan
Published: April 2020

Characterizing the physical properties and compositions of circumplanetary disks can provide important insights into the formation of giant planets and satellites. We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.88 mm (Band 7) continuum observations of six planetary-mass (10–20 M
Jup) companions: CT Cha b, 1RXS 1609 b, ROXs 12 b, ROXs 42B b, DH Tau b, and FU Tau b. No continuum sources are detected at the locations of the companions down to 3σ limits of 120–210 μJy. Given these nondetections, it is not clear whether disks around planetary-mass companions indeed follow the disk-flux–host-mass trend in the stellar regime. The faint radio brightness of these companion disks may result from a combination of fast radial drift and a lack of dust traps. Alternatively, as disks in binary systems are known to have significantly lower millimeter fluxes due to tidal interactions, these companion disks may instead follow the relationship of moderate-separation binary stars. This scenario can be tested with sensitive continuum imaging at rms levels of ≲10 μJy.
H- and Dissociation in Ultra-hot Jupiters: A Retrieval Case Study of WASP-18b
Authors: Gandhi Siddharth , Madhusudhan Nikku , Mandell Avi
Published: April 2020

Atmospheres of a number of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) with temperatures ≳2000 K have been observed recently. Many of these planets show largely featureless thermal spectra in the near-infrared observed with the HST WFC3 spectrograph (1.1–1.7 μm) even though this spectral range contains strong H2O opacity. Recent works have proposed the possibility of H- opacity masking the H2O feature and/or thermal dissociation of H2O causing its apparent depletion at the high temperatures of UHJs. In this work, we test these hypotheses using observations of the exoplanet WASP-18b as a case study. We report detailed atmospheric retrievals of the planet using the HyDRA retrieval code, extended to include the effects of H- opacity and thermal dissociation. We report constraints on the H2O, CO, and H- abundances as well as the pressure–temperature profile of the dayside atmosphere for retrievals with and without H-/dissociation for each data set. We find that the H2O and H- abundances are relatively unconstrained given the featureless WFC3 spectra. We do not conclusively detect H- in the planet, contrary to previous studies that used equilibrium models to infer its presence. The constraint on the CO abundance depends on the combination of WFC3 and Spitzer data, ranging from solar to super-solar CO values. We additionally see signs of a thermal inversion from two of the data sets. Our study demonstrates the potential of atmospheric retrievals of UHJs, including the effects of H- and thermal dissociation of molecules.
Observations of Binary Stars with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. IX. Observations of Known and Suspected Binaries, and a Partial Survey of Be Stars
Authors: Horch Elliott P. , van Belle Gerard T. , Davidson James W. , Willmarth Daryl , Fekel Francis C. , Muterspaugh Matthew , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Hahne Frederick W. , Granucci Nicole M. , Clark Catherine , Winters Jennifer G. , Rupert Justin D. , Weiss Samuel A. , Colton Nicole M. , Nusdeo Daniel A. , Henry Todd J.
Published: April 2020

We report 370 measures of 170 components of binary and multiple-star systems, obtained from speckle imaging observations made with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument at Lowell Observatory’s Discovery Channel Telescope in 2015 through 2017. Of the systems studied, 147 are binary stars, 10 are seen as triple systems, and 1 quadruple system is measured. Seventy-six high-quality nondetections and 15 newly resolved components are presented in our observations. The uncertainty in relative astrometry appears to be similar to our previous work at Lowell, namely, linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and the relative photometry appears to be uncertain at the 0.1–0.15 mag level. Using these measures and those in the literature, we calculate six new visual orbits, including one for the Be star 66 Oph and two combined spectroscopic–visual orbits. The latter two orbits, which are for HD 22451 (YSC 127) and HD 185501 (YSC 135), yield individual masses of the components at the level of 2% or better, and independent distance measures that in one case agrees with the value found in the Gaia DR2 and in the other disagrees at the 2σ level. We find that HD 22451 consists of an F6V+F7V pair with orbital period of 2401.1 ± 3.2 days and masses of 1.342 ± 0.029 and

. For HD 185501, both stars are G5 dwarfs that orbit one another with a period of 433.94 ± 0.15 days, and the masses are 0.898 ± 0.012 and

. We discuss the details of both the new discoveries and the orbit objects.
Mass Functions of Giant Molecular Clouds and Young Star Clusters in Six Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Mok Angus , Chandar Rupali , Fall S. Michael
Published: April 2020

We compare the mass functions of young star clusters (ages ≤ 10 Myr) and giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in six galaxies that cover a large range in mass, metallicity, and star formation rate (LMC, M83, M51, NGC 3627, the Antennae, and NGC 3256). We perform maximum-likelihood fits of the Schechter function,

, to both populations. We find that most of the GMC and cluster mass functions in our sample are consistent with a pure power-law distribution (

). M51 is the only galaxy that shows some evidence for an upper cutoff (M
*) in both populations. Therefore, physical upper mass cutoffs in populations of both GMCs and clusters may be the exception rather than the rule. When we perform power-law fits, we find a relatively small range of indices β
PL = −2.3 ± 0.3 for our GMC sample and β
PL = −2.0 ± 0.3 for the cluster sample. This result, that

, is consistent with theoretical predictions for cluster formation and suggests that the star formation efficiency is largely independent of mass in the GMCs.
A Statistical Study of the Plasma and Composition Distribution inside Magnetic Clouds: 1998–2011
Authors: Huang Jin , Liu Yu , Feng Hengqiang , Zhao Ake , Abidin Z. Z. , Shen Yuandeng , Oloketuyi Jacob
Published: April 2020

A comprehensive analysis of plasma and composition characteristics inside magnetic clouds (MCs) observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft from 1998 February to 2011 August is presented. The results show that MCs have specific interior structures, and MCs of different speeds show differences in composition and structure. Compared with the slow MCs, fast MCs have enhanced mean charge states of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium,

,

,

, and

values. For ionic species in fast MCs, a higher atomic number represents a greater enhancement of mean charge state than slow MCs. We also find that both the fast and slow MCs display bimodal structure distribution in the mean iron charge state (

), which suggests that the existence of flux rope prior to the eruption is common. Furthermore, the

,

, and

ratio distribution inside fast MCs have the feature that the posterior peak is higher than the anterior one. This result agrees with the “standard model” for coronal mass ejection/flares, by which magnetic reconnection occurs beneath the flux rope, thereby ionizing the ions of the posterior part of the flux rope sufficiently by high-energy electron collisions or by direct heating in the reconnection region.
Why Is it So Cold in Here? Explaining the Cold Temperatures Retrieved from Transmission Spectra of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: MacDonald Ryan J. , Goyal Jayesh M. , Lewis Nikole K.
Published: April 2020

Transmission spectroscopy is a powerful technique widely used to probe exoplanet terminators. Atmospheric retrievals of transmission spectra are enabling comparative studies of exoplanet atmospheres. However, the atmospheric properties inferred by retrieval techniques display a significant anomaly: most retrieved temperatures are far colder than expected. In some cases, retrieved temperatures are

colder than

. Here, we provide an explanation for this conundrum. We demonstrate that erroneously cold temperatures result when 1D atmospheric models are applied to spectra of planets with differing morning–evening terminator compositions. Despite providing an acceptable fit, 1D retrieval techniques artificially tune atmospheric parameters away from terminator-averaged properties. Retrieved temperature profiles are hundreds of degrees cooler and have weaker temperature gradients than reality. Retrieved abundances are mostly biased by

and sometimes by

, with the most extreme biases for ultra-hot Jupiters. When morning–evening compositional differences manifest for prominent opacity sources, H2O abundances retrieved by 1D models can be biased by over an order of magnitude. Finally, we demonstrate that these biases provide an explanation for the cold retrieved temperatures reported for WASP-17b and WASP-12b. To overcome biases associated with 1D atmospheric models, there is an urgent need to develop multidimensional retrieval techniques.
Solar Disk Center Shows Scattering Polarization in the Sr i 4607 Å Line
Authors: Zeuner Franziska , Sainz Rafael Manso , Feller Alex , van Noort Michiel , Solanki Sami K. , Iglesias Francisco A. , Reardon Kevin , Martínez Pillet Valentín
Published: April 2020

Magnetic fields in turbulent, convective high-β plasma naturally develop highly tangled and complex topologies—the solar photosphere being the paradigmatic example. These fields are mostly undetectable by standard diagnostic techniques with finite spatio-temporal resolution due to cancellations of Zeeman polarization signals. Observations of resonance scattering polarization have been considered to overcome these problems. But up to now, observations of scattering polarization lack the necessary combination of high sensitivity and high spatial resolution in order to directly infer the turbulent magnetic structure at the resolution limit of solar telescopes. Here, we report the detection of clear spatial structuring of scattering polarization in a magnetically quiet solar region at disk center in the Sr i 4607 Å spectral line on granular scales, confirming theoretical expectations. We find that the linear polarization presents a strong spatial correlation with the local quadrupole of the radiation field. The result indicates that polarization survives the dynamic and turbulent magnetic environment of the middle photosphere and is thereby usable for spatially resolved Hanle observations. This is an important step toward the long-sought goal of directly observing turbulent solar magnetic fields at the resolution limit and investigating their spatial structure.
Coronavirus pandemic challenges migrants worldwide and in Russia
Authors: Ivakhnyuk Irina
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the situation of one of the most vulnerable social groups under COVID-19, namely migrants and refugees. The author classifies pandemic-related challenges faced by migrants into several groups: (1) economic, (2) medical, or sanitary-epidemiological, (3) socio-psychological, and (4) political. Special attention is paid to the situation in Russia, which largely coincides with what is happening in other countries with numerous numbers of migrants, and at the same time has its own specificity.
Environmental consequences of COVID-19 on the global and Russian economics
Authors: Bobylev Sergey N.
Published: April 2020

In the article, the environmental consequences of COVID-19 are divided into three groups: negative, positive and ambiguously interpreted. Over the coming years, we can expect a weakening of the attention of the state, business and the population towards environmental issues, a decrease in environmentally oriented costs, redirection of cash flows to maintain or prevent a significant drop in the material standard of living. Among the conditionally positive consequences of COVID-19 and the associated economic crisis, one can single out a short-term reduction in the environmental impact, awareness of the increasingly urgent need for an early change in the export-raw material model, and the requirement for international coordination.
La beauté en armure
Authors: Renaudeau Olivier
Published: April 2020

Coûteux équipement de l’élite des combattants nobles, l’armure complète est avant tout une protection fonctionnelle étroitement forgée aux mensurations de son propriétaire et adaptée à ce sport de haut niveau, mortel de surcroît, qu’est le combat. Mais ces harnois sont autant déterminés par des critères esthétiques que par des nécessités défensives et évoluent au gré des modes ou se couvrent d’ornements manifestant l’opulence, comme le goût des membres de la caste privilégiée qui en fait usage. Cette aspiration à la beauté a même entraîné la naissance, vers 1530, d’armures exclusivement dédiées à l’apparat, transformant le guerrier en une figure héroïque rehaussée par le talent des orfèvres.
De la « Belle bataille » à l’art de la guerre
Authors: Faudais Stéphane , Cotard Jean-Luc
Published: April 2020

Le langage commun utilise le terme de « belle bataille » pour caractériser des affrontements dans le domaine politique, social… Or cette terminologie est peu utilisée par les militaires, qui ont conscience de l’oxymore de l’expression. Ils insistent plus sur le raisonnement, qui permet de donner un sens à l’action puis d’organiser les moyens en fonction des circonstances, sur la simplicité de l’idée qui offre une compréhension aisée par tous et l’adaptation de tous. Cette logique sert en fait à découvrir ce qu’est l’art de la guerre et à aborder rapidement la formation par maturation des officiers de l’armée de terre pour le pratiquer.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin et La Nostalgie du front
Authors: Clervoy Patrick
Published: April 2020

Dans La Nostalgie du front , Pierre Teilhard de Chardin a décrit l’expérience spirituelle qui fut la sienne alors qu’il était brancardier durant la Grande Guerre. Une expérience du « beau » qui ne peut se comprendre sans un effort pour se représenter comment les combats, la proximité de la mort et la compassion pour ses frères d’armes pouvaient apporter une intensité décuplée à la vie mystique d’un homme de foi.
Une esthétique de la guerre est-elle encore possible ?
Authors: Mitton Pierre-François
Published: April 2020

La sensibilité contemporaine empêche toute possibilité d’esthétique du phénomène guerre. Pourtant, le grandiose des champs de bataille possède sa beauté propre, relevée tant par le praticien militaire que l’artiste et l’écrivain. Cette esthétique de la guerre peut toutefois conduire aux pires dérives, car en magnifiant la guerre, le risque semble grand de justifier ses horreurs et ses excès. Pour dépasser cette impasse, il semble qu’il ne faille pas reconnaître une beauté de la guerre, mais une beauté dans la guerre, à la fois source d’efficacité et d’éthique.
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ou la guerre comme œuvre d’art totale
Authors: Lista Giovanni
Published: April 2020

En fondant en 1909 le mouvement futuriste, l’écrivain Filippo Tommaso Marinetti veut parachever le Risorgimento , qui avait unifié l’Italie, par la création d’une nouvelle culture d’avant-garde. Son projet consiste à libérer définitivement l’Italie de l’héritage de la culture gréco-latine et des idéaux du monde classique. Convaincu que la guerre est une force de rajeunissement bien plus puissante que les mouvements révolutionnaires, il la célèbre dans ses « mots en liberté ». Il pousse par ailleurs les artistes futuristes à introduire le thème de la guerre dans leurs tableaux, en favorisant, par son activisme, l’entrée en guerre de l’Italie. Dans ses manifestes futuristes, il célèbre la beauté de la guerre, l’esthétique des combats et des bombardements. Il considère la guerre comme le plus beau spectacle plurisensoriel dont puisse jouir l’esprit humain. Lors de l’instauration du régime fasciste, il tente d’arriver à un compromis entre le mouvement futuriste et le nouveau pouvoir politique. Mais il est rejeté et marginalisé. En s’obstinant à tenir en vie son mouvement futuriste, il se voit alors obligé de soutenir les guerres coloniales italiennes.
De l’instrumentalisation de l’art par les nazis
Authors: Chapoutot Johann , Sicard Didier
Published: April 2020

Il est désormais acquis que le concours et le soutien de la population allemande au national-socialisme ont été obtenus par la séduction et par la conviction. Pour ce qui est de la séduction, les nazis ont déployé un gigantesque appareil de production esthétique. Pour eux, l’art est un acteur politique majeur. Mais quel était leur idéal artistique ? Qu’était le beau pour eux ?
Enlaidir l’ennemi. Le cas des troupes indigènes dans la Grande Guerre
Authors: Champeaux Antoine , Deroo Éric
Published: April 2020

Il existe chez l’homme une réticence à tuer. Or celle-ci peut être diminuée voire abolie si l’adversaire n’est plus perçu comme autrui, mais comme un autre. Et les pires actes peuvent être commis si cet autre se voit ravalé au rang de bête ou d’objet. Ce fut le cas des troupes indigènes de la Grande Guerre.
En mathématique
Authors: Ghys Étienne
Published: April 2020

« Le savant n’étudie pas la nature parce que cela est utile ; il l’étudie parce qu’il y prend plaisir et il y prend plaisir parce qu’elle est belle. […] Je ne parle pas ici, bien entendu, de cette beauté qui frappe les sens, de la beauté des qualités et des apparences ; non que j’en fasse fi, loin de là, mais elle n’a rien à faire avec la science ; je veux parler de cette beauté plus intime qui vient de l’ordre harmonieux des parties, et qu’une intelligence pure peut saisir. » C’est ainsi que les mathématiciens, souvent considérés comme des calculateurs froids, parlent généralement de leur travail en termes esthétiques, vantant la beauté d’un théorème ou l’élégance d’une preuve.
Is an aesthetics of war still possible?
Authors: Mitton Pierre-François
Published: April 2020

La sensibilité contemporaine empêche toute possibilité d’esthétique du phénomène guerre. Pourtant, le grandiose des champs de bataille possède sa beauté propre, relevée tant par le praticien militaire que l’artiste et l’écrivain. Cette esthétique de la guerre peut toutefois conduire aux pires dérives, car en magnifiant la guerre, le risque semble grand de justifier ses horreurs et ses excès. Pour dépasser cette impasse, il semble qu’il ne faille pas reconnaître une beauté de la guerre, mais une beauté dans la guerre, à la fois source d’efficacité et d’éthique.
Person-Centered Care in Nursing Homes: Many Stakeholders, Many Perspectives
Authors: Kusmaul Nancy , Tucker Gretchen G.
Published: April 2020

Nursing home culture change moves facilities toward person-centered care. The current study examined how people in different roles experienced choice and autonomy in four areas addressed by culture change: consistent assignment, food choice, waking/bedtime routines, and bathing. This descriptive qualitative study included 32 participants from one continuing care retirement community: 10 residents, eight family members, nine direct care workers, and five managers. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and coded. Codes were grouped around the practice areas and cross-cutting themes. All groups reported choice in all areas. Challenges arose when patient choice and nursing home functions conflicted. Stakeholders disagreed when care needs should supersede choice. Findings suggest that it is difficult to balance resident choices with (a) the diverse needs/wants of other residents and (b) safety. Leaders, such as nurse managers, should provide ongoing education to residents, family, and staff to help negotiate these challenges. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(5), 9–13.]
Long-term Comparison of Retrograde and Antegrade Femoral Nailing
Authors: Brewster James , Grenier Greg , Taylor Benjamin C. , Carter Cody , Degenova Daniel , Ebaugh Michael Pierce , Halverson Adam
Published: April 2020

Antegrade or retrograde nailing for femoral shaft fractures remains the gold standard, but long-term data on functional outcomes after intramedullary nailing are lacking. In a retrospective review of prospectively collected patient registry data, patients with an isolated femoral shaft fracture treated with antegrade or retrograde femoral nailing from 1997 to 2012 were interviewed and their medical records analyzed. Functional reported outcome data were obtained via the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at 5 to 17 years postoperatively. Antegrade and retrograde intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal femur shaft fractures demonstrated a mean WOMAC of 23.5%±23.6% (range, 0%–82.3%) and 29.7%±24.0% (range, 0%–88%), respectively (
P
=.23). The mean VAS scores of the antegrade vs retrograde intramedullary nailing groups were 2.5±2.6 (range, 0–8) and 3.4±2.8 (range, 0–10), respectively (
P
=.11). Location of pain differed between groups as well, with the antegrade group noting an increased rate of hip pain (25.6% vs 7.0%,
P
=.01), but a nonsignificant difference in the rate of thigh pain (27.9% vs 15.5%,
P
=.15) and knee pain (18.6% vs 26.7%,
P
=.49) as compared with the retrograde group. Diaphyseal femur fractures are successfully treated with either antegrade or retrograde intramedullary nails without significantly differing long-term functional outcomes, which correlates with other reported findings in the literature at short-term follow-up. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):e278–e282.]
Živeti med kulturami
Authors: Mikola Maša
Published: April 2020

Knjiga se ukvarja z etnično heterogenostjo v multikulturnem okolju, z multikulturno komunikacijo in vplivom novih tehnologij na oblikovanje in ohranjanje etničnih identitet. Temelji na terenskem delu med Slovenci in njihovimi potomci v avstralskem mestu Melbourne, dotika se doživljanja in izražanja simboličnih etničnih identitet mlajše generacije, ugotavlja njihovo fleksibilnost in prostovoljnost ter sledi procesu njihove transformacije. Izhaja iz novejših teoretičnih predpostavk in sodobnejših praktičnih raziskav migracijskih procesov in etničnih identitet.
Besedje slovenskega knjižnega jezika 16. stoletja
Authors: Ahačič Kozma , Legan Ravnikar Andreja , Merše Majda , Narat Jožica , Novak France
Published: April 2020

This dictionary provides comprehensive information on the vocabulary used in the Slovenian literary language during the period of the Reformation. It was written based on complete concordance from all editions of Slovenian texts from the period 1550-1603. The word entries are accompanied by grammatical information, such as the part of speech used and other grammatical data. The extent of their use is shown by the attributed sources. The features of the linguistic system of that period are also shown by numerous notices regarding written, phonological and morphological variations.
Méditations typologiques : Le cas des statuettes en terre cuite de l’époque hellénistique en Italie
Authors: Féret Sophie
Published: April 2020

Le moulage en terre cuite est un procédé de fabrication qui permet de reproduire mécaniquement des objets, à l’aide de matrices. Il existe toutefois de nombreuses variations autour des mêmes modèles. Réfléchir au classement de ces figurines en fonction des différents critères à notre disposition (la technique, l’iconographie, la forme), c’est aussi s’interroger le sens donné à ces figurines.
The Terracottas from the Sanctuary of Artemis Limnatis at Messene
Authors: Spathi Maria
Published: April 2020

This work-in-progress focuses on the terracottas from the sanctuary of Artemis Limnatis on Μount Ithome in ancient Messene. The assemblage includes mostly Artemis figurines of a type similar to the iconography of Artemis Bendis in Attica, but also of Hekate and Enodia in Thessaly. Apart from the terracotta figurines from the sanctuary, terracottas from the other sanctuaries in the city, such as the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, also are briefly discussed.
Computation of the Surface Materials Modification by Plasma Technology
Authors: Lykov Alexey M. , Mokrova Nataliya V.
Published: April 2020

Experimental studies of plasma surface treatment processes of various materials are difficult since temperatures of the surface are more than 1500-3000 K, the speed of their change is high (104 K/s), the front of melting is moving. Theoretical researches of the thermal modes are necessary for conducting plasma processes in the best possible way. The use of analytical decisions at impulse thermal influence on the surface allows to calculate temperatures on the surfaces and in the mass of the material under almost any boundary conditions. The paper presents the results of calculation of various plasma processing at dielectric and steel materials (hardening, welding), as well as comparison of the obtained design parameters with experimental values.
Prediction of Soil Compression Index in Teziutlán, Mexico
Authors: Dianty Marelianda Al , Wu Wei
Published: April 2020

One of the important soil materials for the evaluation of settlement due to consolidation of soil clay is the compression index (Cc). The assessment of its value through laboratory testing is usually time consuming and expensive. Hence to find the most appropriate model prediction, the paper is examined the compression index comparison with soil plasticity material (water content, liquid limit, plasticity index). The analysis is used by multiple regression analysis and some performance indicators such as Coefficient of Determination (R2), Index of Agreement (IA), Prediction Accuracy (PA), Normalized Absolute Error (NAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The result identified the proposed model by Skempton’s, Sidharan, Nagaraj’s and Hough’s are suitable for the compression index (Cc) equation model. Another essential point, the research is found error measurement for soil plasticity index properties. Thus, this prediction model is useful to develop a preliminary assessment of the settlement of structures and carry out suitable action for landslides in Teziutlan, Mexico.
Investment of Steel Reinforcement Extracted from Destroyed Buildings in Iraq
Authors: Jalil Zahraa Ali , Naji Hafeth I. , Mahmood Mohammed
Published: April 2020

The number of destroyed cities in Iraq has increased significantly over the last five years. It presents a negative impact on the country's economy on the one hand and on the environment on the other. Reconstruction of these cities requires substantial capital to provide building materials needed for reconstruction and this leads to depletion of natural resources. This paper aims at finding an effective management method that contributes to the investment of the remnants of the components of destroyed buildings, including reinforcing steel, using the building information modelling (BIM) technique. The results showed that the amount of steel reinforcement that can be obtained from the destroyed buildings is enormous. Therefore, these quantities must be addressed through reusing or recycling. The sale of these quantities as recycling materials can provide a large income which can be added to the capital of the project.
Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of Semi-Precast Reinforced Concrete High-Rise Buildings Using Shaking Table
Authors: Nguyen Vo Thong , Hoang Manh
Published: April 2020

Currently, theoretical and experimental studies on the overall behavior of semi-precast reinforced concrete high-rise buildings subjected to the earthquake are limited. These studies have mostly focused on the behavior of either joints or frames. To study the overall behavior of a structure under an earthquake, one of the best methods is to do the seismic shaking table test. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the overall behavior of a semi-precast reinforced concrete multi-story building, which uses new design and construction technology, by using the seismic shaking table test method. These buildings are constructing in series in Vietnam. This research carried out both the linear and nonlinear behavior of the structure until the stage of near collapse. The study consists of three main steps: designing the simulating model; establishing a process to generate artificial accelerograms which are in accordance with the seismic characteristics in Vietnam; testing the 12-story semi-precast model to verify theoretical predictions.
A Study of the Technique for Assessment of Locations and Conditions of the Underground Pipeline: Case Study for Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand
Authors: Sirisuraphong Saran , Duangnet Sunee , U-Tapao Chalida
Published: April 2020

Underground pipeline systems in Thailand have been used for a long time. Lack of maintenances and longtime using cause a lot of damages. The water distribution systems are affected by the quality of water from contaminations and the quantity of water from leaking. As well as the sewer systems may flow through and contaminate the groundwater. Due to the long period of time of using underground pipeline systems, the verification of the underground location is need before testing the conditions of the systems with undisturbed area methods. This study focuses on the collection of the underground utilities locating methods and the conditions assessment methods. We also apply one suitable method for our case study area which is Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The results show the collection of methods to verify the underground location and conditions systems as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Results also describe about conventional CCTV with push-rod camera for assessing underground pipeline systems for Nakhon Pathom province and the locations verification is fitted with ground penetrating radar, infrared thermography and acoustic location system. The design of a mobile robot to be flexible according to the pipe size and the creation of a computer program that can analyze the most suitable methods for examining buried pipes is a good option for further expansion in the future.
Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs
Authors: Assawakawintip Thanate , Chintavalakorn Rochaya , Santiwong Peerapong , Khantachawana Anak
Published: April 2020

To investigate the effects of different temperatures for heat treatment of custom-made NiTi closed coil springs. NiTi closed coil springs (50.8% Ni-49.2%Ti) were manually fabricated around a 0.9mm diameter mandrel and heat treated at temperatures of 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C for 20 minutes. The outer diameter of each specimen was measured to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature on spring geometry. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the force levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm of spring extension. Non-parametric statistical analyses were done to assess and compare the effects of different temperatures of heat treatment on the custom-made orthodontic closed coil springs. Heat treatment at lower temperatures produced larger outer coil diameters than at higher temperatures. Raising the temperature of heat treatment produced significant increases in force levels by 13-18 g especially between 400°C and 500°C at spring extensions of 3, 6 and 9 mm. The highest superelastic ratio of 5.44 was found in the NiTi coil springs that were heat treatment at 500°C for 20 minutes which signifies superelastic tendencies. The mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs are influenced by the temperature of heat treatment. The NiTi closed coil springs that were heat treated at 500°C for 20 minutes produce appropriate force levels to display a superelastic tendency for orthodontic use.
Influence of Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio on Shear Strength of RC Slender Beam Under Different Loading Rates
Authors: Saifullah Halwan Alfisa , Nakarai Kenichiro , Chijiwa Nobuhiro , Maekawa Koichi , Kristiawan Stefanus
Published: April 2020

. A primary current focus in concrete shear design is how to ensure the shear resistance of the concrete structures to withstand the possible adverse creep effects during the service life. All shear-carrying actions are supposed to depreciate due to the enhanced critical shear cracks under sustained loads. However, only a few studies that evaluated the performance of concrete structures failing in shear due to long-term loading. As the longitudinal tensile reinforcement strain influences the shear strength of RC beam, the shear resistance of the beam under sustained load may also be affected by the amount of longitudinal reinforcement. The present study aims at investigating the influence of flexural reinforcement ratio on the shear creep failures of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without stirrups by non-linear finite element analysis. In this study, the numerical model of RC beams with reinforcement ratios varying from 0.4% to 3.2% was evaluated under different loading rates. A loading rate of 1000 and 10000 times slower than the static loading rate were adopted to reveal the creep effects of RC beams.
Detecting space-time disease clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes using a co-clustering approach
Authors: Ullah Sami , Daud Hanita , Dass Sarat C. , Khan Habib Nawaz , Khalil Alamgir
Published: April 2020

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Ability to detect potential space-time clusters in spatio-temporal data on disease occurrences is necessary for conducting surveillance and implementing disease prevention policies. Most existing techniques use geometrically shaped (circular, elliptical or square) scanning windows to discover disease clusters. In certain situations, where the disease occurrences tend to cluster in very irregularly shaped areas, these algorithms are not feasible in practise for the detection of space-time clusters. To address this problem, a new algorithm is proposed, which uses a co-clustering strategy to detect prospective and retrospective space-time disease clusters with no restriction on shape and size. The proposed method detects space-time disease clusters by tracking the changes in space-time occurrence structure instead of an in-depth search over space. This method was utilised to detect potential clusters in the annual and monthly malaria data in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan from 2012 to 2016 visualising the results on a heat map. The results of the annual data analysis showed that the most likely hotspot emerged in three sub-regions in the years 2013-2014. The most likely hotspots in monthly data appeared in the month of July to October in each year and showed a strong periodic trend.
Mapping displaced populations with reference to social vulnerabilities for post-disaster public health management
Authors: Ahmad Junaid , Ahmad Anees , Ahmad Mokbul Morshed , Ahmad Nafees
Published: April 2020

Millions of people are currently displaced from their homes because of local and international conflicts. In the last two decades, a substantial increase in the number of displaced people has been recorded. We measured the social vulnerabilities of displaced populations using a mathematical approach in combination with application of geographical information systems (GIS) tools and techniques to visualise movement and draw attention to the location of significant concentration of vulnerabilities. A retrospective study approach based on datasets collected from governmental and non-governmental organisations working with refugees and internally displaced persons in Pakistan was used. We applied simple mathematical formulas to calculate and map various types of vulnerability, such as refugee population, absorption capacity, unmet needs and overall vulnerability. This approach displays risks and vulnerabilities of displaced populations in an easily understood and straightforward manner that can be replicated in other parts of the world.
A geographical information system for the management of the aquaculture data in the Adriatic Sea – the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the Adriatic countries experience: Present capabilities, tools and functions
Authors: Tora Susanna , Sacchini Silvio , Listeš Eddy , Bogdanović Tanja , Di Lorenzo Alessio , Smajlović Muhamed , Smajlović Ahmed , Filipović Jelena V. , Tahirović Vildana , Šuković Danijela , Beljkas Bojan , Xinxo Ardian , Maçi Renis , Colangeli Patrizia , Di Giacinto Federica , Conte Annamaria
Published: April 2020

The European Commission (EC) regulation no. 854/2004 requires a systematic monitoring of chemical and microbiological contaminants in live bivalve molluscs, live echinoderms, live tunicates and live marine gastropods for human consumption through surveillance plans to be implemented in all European Union (EU) countries.A consortium of five Adriatic countries was set up in the framework of the Instrument of Pre-accession Assistance Adriatic Cross-border Cooperation Programme (IPA Adriatic CBC) 2007- 2013 with the aim of collecting data and distribute information on harvesting and production in mollusc areas. A web-based geographical information system (GIS) application was developed to support the partners to manage data and to make these data available to final users, policy makers and to risk assessors. The GIS for the Strengthening of Centres for Aquaculture Production and Safety surveillance in the Adriatic countries (CAPS2) is divided into two levels, the national and the supranational one, and it distributes spatial and epidemiological information coming from various data acquisition and management sites. The great innovation is the possibility for each country to use online drawing, modifying and change of the geographic areas according to national surveillance needs. Currently it hosts data coming from about 230 production and relay areas with more than 29,478 laboratory tests performed on collected samples since August 2014. Data collected are used by each national competent authority to classify production or relay areas according to the EC regulation mentioned and to conduct risk assessment studies to evaluate the level of consumers’ exposure to contaminants in the consumption of bivalve mollusc products.