bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy for psoriasis in the K14‐VEGF transgenic mouse model by topical transdermal delivery of interleukin‐4 using ultradeformable cationic liposome
Authors: Li Jiong , Li Xia , Zhang Yan , Zhou Xi K. , Yang Han S. , Chen Xian C. , Wang Yong S. , Wei Yu Q. , Chen Li J. , Hu Huo Z. , Liu Chang Y.
Published: May 2010

Background

Topical transdermal gene delivery to the skin shows great potential for painless, non‐invasive administration of vaccines and therapeutic agents. Interleukin (IL)‐4 strategies have shown a good antipsoriatic effect in clinic trials. To date, no information has been acquired on the effectiveness of gene therapy for psoriasis in the K14‐VEGF transgenic mouse model by topical transdermal penetration of murine IL‐4 (mIL‐4) using ultradeformable cationic liposome (UCL).

Methods

In the present study, we synthesized an UCL and determined a suitable formula for transdermally delivering plasmid DNA to mouse skin. We then tested the antipsoriatic efficacy in the K14‐VEGF transgenic mouse model by transdermal delivery of mIL‐4 using UCL.

Results

We found that plasmid DNA was transdermally delivered to vicinal sites of epidermis and hair follicles using this optimized formula. Plasmid DNA expression was detected in ear skin. Twenty‐four hours after topical application, plasmid DNA was not detected in blood serum and liver, which may decrease the risk of insertion of promoter from plasmid to genomic DNA. Mice treated with UCL/mIL‐4 displayed a mild psoriasis phenotype. Histological analysis of pathological score using the Baker scoring system revealed an antipsoriatic effect. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that hyperplastic and inflamed vessels were suppressed.

Conclusions

These observations provide evidence of antipsoriatic efficacy by topical transdermal delivery of mIL‐4. Therefore, topical transdermal gene transfer is attractive and offers future potential for application in human patients with other dermatogic diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The vilsmeier‐haack reaction. IV. Reaction of phosphorus oxychloridedimethylformamide with semicarbazones
Authors: Kira M. A. , Aboul‐Enein M. N. , Korkor M. I.
Published: May 2010

Ketone semicarbazones react with two moles of phosphorus oxychloride‐dimethylformamide with the formation of 3‐substituted pyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehydes. Aldehyde semicarbazones give, with one mole of phosphorus oxychloride‐dimethylformamide, amidazines.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—the role of isotopes in pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism Session 15, Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Authors: Braun Matt , Fontana Erminia
Published: May 2010

Conducting ADME studies on new drug candidates remains one of the primary uses of isotopically labelled compounds. In this session, the synthesis of isotopically labelled (2H, 3H, and 14C) compounds for this purpose has been discussed. Coupling the use of AMS and isotopically labelled compounds for studies in neonatal research and care is also highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—production of isotopes, Session 14, Thursday, June 18, 2009
Authors: Brown Darren , Greene John
Published: May 2010

The theme of this session was the production of isotopes. Papers detailing the production of both stable and radioactive isotopes were detailed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical model of organic diodes with field‐dependent carrier mobility in the presence of an electric field at the injection interface
Authors: Alvarez A. L. , Romero B. , Arredondo B. , Quintana X. , Mallavia R. , Otón J. M.
Published: May 2010

In this study, we propose a model to simulate electrical conduction of single carrier organic diodes in the presence of a barrier for carrier injection and considering a field‐dependent carrier mobility. An analytical expression for the internal electric field function, that simplifies operation with the resulting nonlinear equation system, is provided. Simulated results with this model are compared with those obtained from other existing approaches that assume simplifications. Current density versus voltage curves predicted by this model for diodes with different active layer thicknesses show good agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigo production by Pseudomonas sp. J26, a marine naphthalene‐degrading strain
Authors: Mercadal Juan Pablo Riva , Isaac Paula , Siñeriz Faustino , Ferrero Marcela Alejandra
Published: May 2010

A technique developed to determine naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) activity was optimized and used to study the biotransformation of indole to indigo by Pseudomonas sp. J26 whole cells. The maximum production of indigo was achieved at 25 °C using 2.5 mM indole when J26 was grown in the complex medium JPP, while indole concentrations higher than 4 mM proved toxic for cells. The maximum rate of indigo production was 0.56 nmol min–1 mg dry biomass–1, obtaining 75.5 μM of indigo after 8 h of incubation, while a maximal concentration (138.1 μM) of indigo was obtained after 20 h. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Purification and characterization of novel extracellular cholesterol esterase from Acinetobacter sp.
Authors: Du Liangjun , Huo Ying , Ge Fanglan , YU Jiajun , Li Wei , Cheng Guiying , Yong Bin , Zeng Lihuang , Huang Min
Published: May 2010

CHE4‐1, a bacterial strain that belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and expresses high level of inducible extracellular cholesterol esterase (CHE), was isolated from feces of carnivore Panthera pardus var. The cholesterol esterase of the strain CHE4‐1 was purified by ultrafiltration followed with DEAE‐Sepharose FF chromatography and Phenyl‐Sepharose CL‐4B chromatography, and then by Sephadex G‐50 gel filtration. Different from other known microbial cholesterol esterase, the purified CHE from CHE4‐1 strain is a monomer with molecular weight of 6.5 kD and has high activity to both long‐chain and short‐chain cholesterol ester. Enzymatic activity was enhanced in the presence of metal ion Ca2+, Zn2+ and boracic acid, and was not significantly affected by several detergents including sodium cholate, Triton X100 and Tween‐80. The enzyme was found to be stable during long‐term aqueous storage at 4 °C, indicating its potential as a clinical diagnostic reagent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding purification and characterization of CHE from Acinetobacter sp. The results demonstrated that this particular CHE is a novel cholesterol esterase. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diversity of nitrogenase (nifH) genes pool in soybean field soil after continuous and rotational cropping
Authors: Xiao C. H. , Tang H. , Pu L. J. , Sun D. M. , Ma J. Z. , Yu M. , Duan R. S.
Published: May 2010

Diazotrophs diversity in soybean is a topic requiring thorough investigation since the previous researches have focused on only rice, forest, grass, water, etc. In this research, iron‐only nitrogenase nifH gene was as genetic marker. PCR‐RFLP was used to investigate the difference of diazotrophs community diversity in the soil from the continuous cropping (CC) (the 5‐yr tilling of soybean) and the rotational cropping (RC) (soybean‐corn) soils in the northeast of China. A total of 36 isolates were genetically characterized. Most of the isolates closely related to Azospirillum and Azotobacter. Eighty‐six unique nifH gene sequences were obtained by cloning of the respective PCR products in two soil samples. It was found that the diversity of nifH genes in CC changed obviously compared with RC. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of the clones clustered together in a high homogeneity with some sequence retrieved from environmental representatives. The sequence diversity of nifH genes was high and the members of the Alphaproteobacteria were predominant in both samples. The experimental study also revealed the two non‐proteobacterial diazotrophs, firmicutes and euryarchaeota. Through this study, it can be assumed that different tillage perhaps affected the nifH gene‐containing population diversity. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cell division in magnetotactic bacteria splits magnetosome chain in half
Authors: Staniland Sarah S. , Moisescu Cristina , Benning Liane G.
Published: May 2010

Cell division in magnetotactic bacteria has attracted much interest, speculation and hypothesis with respect to the biomineralised chains of magnetic iron‐oxide particles known as magnetosomes. Here we report direct Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) evidence that division occurs at a central point of the cell and the chain, cleaving the magnetosome chain in two. Additionally, the new magnetosome chain relocates rapidly to the centre of the daughter cell and the number of magnetosomes is directly proportional to the cell length, even during the division part of the cell cycle. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Candida species extracellular alcohols: production and effect in sessile cells
Authors: Martins Margarida , Henriques Mariana , Azeredo Joana , Rocha Sílvia M. , Coimbra Manuel A. , Oliveira Rosário
Published: May 2010

Cell‐cell signaling alcohol molecules were recently identified in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis supernatants. To date, it is not known whether these molecules are produced by other Candida species and their role in biofilm formation is not fully clarified. Herein, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis extracellular alcohols production by planktonic cultures was analyzed by headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Both these Candida species extracellular media contained E,E ‐farnesol, 1‐dodecanol, 2‐phenylethanol, and isoamyl alcohol but not E ‐nerolidol, as produced by C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. Moreover, the ability of these compounds to regulate C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis sessile cells was assessed by adding the alcohols after 3 h of adhesion and 48 h of biofilm formation. After 24 h, biofilms were analyzed in terms of cellular mitochondrial activity and total biomass. E,E ‐Farnesol affected C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. E ‐Nerolidol and 1‐dodecanol elicited C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis changes in further biofilm development. C. tropicalis was affected by 2‐phenylethanol and isoamyl alcohol triggered changes in C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis sessile cells. The results demonstrated that almost all of these alcohols are produced by these Candida species and also evidence the complexity of biofilm formation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of carbon source on pyrimidine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
Authors: West Thomas P.
Published: May 2010

The effect of carbon source on the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was studied at the level of enzyme synthesis. Although pyrimidine supplementation of glucose‐grown Ps. oryzihabitans cells produced a slight but statistically significant effect on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities, catabolite repression of the enzyme activities by glucose appeared to be occurring. Pyrimidine limitation experiments undertaken using an orotidine 5'‐monophosphate decarboxylase mutant strain grown on glucose indicated that repression of enzyme synthesis by pyrimidines was occurring. Following pyrimidine limitation of the mutant strain cells, dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activities were found to about double while aspartate transcarbamoylase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activities were slightly elevated compared to their activities in the mutant strain cells grown on excess uracil. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessing the real value of the firm: an overview
Authors: Kianfar Michael , Milana Carlo , Smith Helen Lawton
Published: May 2010

Despite the fact that the firm's economic value has a subjective nature, various procedures have been devised to measure it for objective reasons, primarily for establishing the best credentials on financial markets.
Where value resides in the modern enterprise
Authors: Andersen Birgitte , Striukova Ludmila
Published: May 2010

Value today is primarily created from intellectual capital and intangible assets rather than physical assets.
Tacit knowledge and emotional intelligence: the ‘intangible’ values of SMEs
Authors: Piperopoulos Panagiotis
Published: May 2010

In the present economic downturn, with financial assets that may be heavily devalued, the real value of the firm might come in the form of strategies for unleashing the creative and innovative power of the human mind?—?i.e., the development of an emotionally intelligent workforce.
The role of perceived benefits of training in generating affective commitment and high value of firms
Authors: Katono Isaac Wasswa
Published: May 2010

Training may not translate into affective commitment unless its purpose and perceived benefits are clear to the worker.
Internalizing and externalizing classes in posttraumatic stress disorder: A latent class analysis
Authors: Forbes David , Elhai Jon D. , Miller Mark W. , Creamer Mark
Published: May 2010

Using latent class analysis (LCA) the typology of personality profiles of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined based on internalizing/externalizing dimensions of psychopathology. Latent class analysis on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) Personality Psychopathology‐5 (PSY‐5) scale data from 299 Australian combat veterans with PTSD supported the model, identifying an optimal 4‐class solution, with PTSD externalizing class defined by aggressiveness and disconstraint, high and moderate internalizing classes differentiated on the extent of elevations in introversion and negative emotionality and elevation of psychoticism in the high internalizing class and a simple PTSD class with normal range scores. The model was validated using external self‐report and psychiatric‐interview‐derived diagnoses. A second exploratory LCA using broader comorbidity indicators (MMPI‐2 Restructured Clinical scales) demonstrated some support for, although limitations in, using nonpersonality measures to identify these classes directly.
Diagnostic accuracy of the trauma screening questionnaire after the 2005 London bombings
Authors: Brewin Chris R. , Fuchkan Nika , Huntley Zoe , Scragg Peter
Published: May 2010

The diagnostic accuracy of screening instruments in the immediate aftermath of disaster is unknown. Following the 2005 London bombings a 2‐year outreach program identified and screened affected persons. In 331 persons the accuracy of the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) was compared to a DSM‐IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. The sensitivity of the TSQ was comparable with previous studies, but specificity was substantially lower. Specificity was lowest immediately after the bombings and rose steadily over the next 18 months. Specificity was also lower in non‐White individuals, who had elevated scores on the TSQ. The data are consistent with previous research showing elevated distress in ethnic minorities following trauma, and suggest limitations on the performance of screening instruments.
Rifaximin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection after liver transplantation: A case series
Authors: Neff Guy , Zacharias Victoria , Kaiser Tiffany E. , Gaddis Amy , Kemmer Nyingi
Published: May 2010

Previous data have suggested that the nonsystemic antibiotic rifaximin may be effective for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). This single-center retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of rifaximin for the treatment of CDI refractory to standard treatments in patients who had received liver transplants. Among 205 patients who had received liver transplants between July 2001 and December 2007, 3 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of C. difficile experienced recurrent diarrhea even though they received standard therapy. Patient 1, a 56-year-old male, patient 2, a 62-year-old male, and patient 3, a 73-year-old female, developed CDIs 190, 318, and 2310 days after transplantation, respectively. All patients experienced symptom recurrences after oral metronidazole therapy (250 mg 3 times daily for either 14 or 28 days) and after oral vancomycin therapy (125 mg 4 times daily for 14 days). Long-term vancomycin treatment (ie, 28 days) was required for patients 1 and 2. Vancomycin was discontinued in patient 3 because of increased creatinine levels. Oral rifaximin (400 mg 3 times daily) was initiated immediately after discontinuation of vancomycin therapy. Within 36 to 48 hours of the initiation of rifaximin treatment, diarrheal symptoms were resolved in all patients. After completing a 28-day course of rifaximin, patient 1 remained symptom-free during 185 days of follow-up, and patient 2 remained symptom-free during 250 days of follow-up. Patient 3 reported no symptoms within 155 days after the completion of rifaximin treatment. These findings suggest that rifaximin may be effective for the treatment of recurrent CDI and may provide a therapeutic option for CDI in immunocompromised patients. Liver Transpl 16:960-963, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Multi‐method research on consumer–brand associations: Comparing free associations, storytelling, and collages
Authors: Koll Oliver , von Wallpach Sylvia , Kreuzer Maria
Published: May 2010

What consumers know and think consciously and unconsciously about a brand influences their attitudes and behaviors toward the brand and ultimately brand success. Therefore, keeping track of what consumers know is advisable. This article considers the value of using three approaches to assess brand knowledge: free association technique, storytelling, and collage‐creation. Each method is suitable for tapping and reproducing different aspects of brand knowledge. The empirical study combines the three methods in an explorative setting to retrieve consumer brand knowledge regarding a major sports brand. The study compares knowledge that each method elicits and provides brand management with recommendations how to decide when to use each method and whether to employ one or more of these methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating visual narrative art for decoding stories that consumers and brands tell
Authors: Megehee Carol M. , Woodside Arch G.
Published: May 2010

Creating visual narrative art (VNA) of stories that consumers and brands tell achieves several objectives. First, creating VNA revises and deepens sense making of the meaning of events in the story and what the complete story implies about oneself and others. Second, creating VNA surfaces unconscious thinking of the protagonist and other actors in the story as well as the storyteller (recognizing that in many presentations of stories an actor in the story is also the story teller); unconscious thinking in stories relating to consumer and brand experiences reflect one or more archetype (Jung, 1916/1968) fulfillments by the protagonist and the storyteller; given that almost all authors agree on a distinction between processes that are unconscious, rapid, automatic, and high capacity (System 1 processing) and those that are conscious, slow, and deliberative (System 2 processing; see Evans, 2008), VNA enables and enriches processing, particularly relating to System 1 processing—enabling more emotional versus rational processing. Third, creating VNA of stories is inherently and uniquely fulfilling/pleasurable/healing for the artist; using visual media allows artists to express emotions of the protagonist and/or audience member, to vent anger, or to report bliss about events and outcomes that words alone cannot communicate; VNA provides a tangible, emotional, and holistic (gestalt) experience that is uniquely satisfying and does so in a form that many audience members enjoy over and over again. This article elaborates on the rationales for its central proposition, briefly reviews relevant literature on VNA, and illustrates one mode of VNA for the complementary stories told by a consumer and brand. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brand consumption and narrative of the self
Authors: Schembri Sharon , Merrilees Bill , Kristiansen Stine
Published: May 2010

This study investigates how consumers use brands to construct their self. Focusing on the consumer's experience of brands, the study interprets consumer narratives on how brand consumption contributes to the construction of the self. The findings demonstrate that consumers use brands in different ways: symbolic, iconic, and indexical. Apart from the symbolism of brands used to construct the self, consumers also use brands that resemble something in an iconic manner. Additionally, consumers use brands that have a factual connection to something in an indexical way to construct the self. Given these findings, this paper therefore contributes to both theory and practice. Theoretically, the findings support semiotic theory and the relationships between the object, the sign, and the interpretant. More practically, this work shows that recognition of the experiential meaning of brands informs marketers and brand managers on how to effectively market brands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive and functional decline in Huntington's disease: Dementia criteria revisited
Authors: Peavy Guerry M. , Jacobson Mark W. , Goldstein Jody L. , Hamilton Joanne M. , Kane Amy , Gamst Anthony C. , Lessig Stephanie L. , Lee J. C. , Corey‐Bloom Jody
Published: May 2010

The importance of designating criteria for diagnosing dementia lies in its implications for clinical treatment, research, caregiving, and decision‐making. Dementia diagnosis in Huntington's disease (HD) is often based on criteria developed for Alzheimer's disease requiring memory loss. However, it is likely that other cognitive deficits contribute to functional impairment in HD before memory declines. The goal is to identify cognitive deficits that contribute to functional impairment to support dementia criteria that reflect HD neuropathology. Eighty‐four HD mutation‐positive subjects completed neuropsychological tests and the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Functional Independence Scale (FIS). Functional impairment was defined as 80 or below on the FIS. Speed of processing, initiation, and attention measures accounted for 70.0% of the variance in FIS ratings (linear regression) and correctly classified 91.7% of subjects as functionally impaired or intact (logistic regression). Measures of memory, motor impairment except dysarthria, neuroleptic use, and depressed mood did not improve prediction. A definition of HD dementia that includes cognitive impairment in at least two areas of cognition but does not require a memory deficit, in the context of impaired functional abilities and a deteriorating course, more accurately reflects HD neuropathology and could lead to improved research methods and patient care. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Does the historical literature on encephalitis lethargica support a simple (direct) relationship with postencephalitic Parkinsonism?
Authors: Vilensky Joel A. , Gilman Sid , McCall Sherman
Published: May 2010

This article and the subsequent one suggest that the currently accepted view of a simplistic (direct) relationship between encephalitis lethargica (EL) and postencephalitic Parkinsonism (PEP) is based on a incomplete evaluation of the epidemic period literature. In this article we provide a detailed analysis of the literature from the period that demonstrates that Parkinsonism was not initially part of acute EL symptomatology, that PEP was not typically the prevailing type of chronic EL and that oculogyric crises were never part of acute EL symptomatology and not initially associated with PEP. The second paper uses these finding, and also examines the clinical justifications for concluding that all patients with PEP had prior acute episodes of EL, to reevaluate the presumed direct etiologic relationship between EL and PEP. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
REM sleep behavior disorder is not linked to postural instability and gait dysfunction in Parkinson
Authors: Benninger David H. , Michel Jan , Waldvogel Daniel , Candia Victor , Poryazova Rositsa , van Hedel Hubertus J.A. , Bassetti Claudio L.
Published: May 2010

To evaluate a potential association of REM‐sleep behavior disorder (RBD) with gait and postural impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Gait difficulties and postural impairment are frequent in PD and are a major cause of disability. Animal studies indicate a key role of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in gait, postural control, and REM sleep, and also in the pathophysiology of RBD. In humans, such an association has not been investigated. Twenty‐six patients with mild‐to‐moderate PD (13 with polysomnography confirmed and 13 with excluded RBD), and 20 age‐matched healthy controls were prospectively investigated. Gait assessment on a treadmill, and static and dynamic posturography were performed. PD patients with RBD do not differ from those without RBD in gait and postural control. Greater severity of PD or prevalence of gait and postural disturbances in the presence of RBD were not found. RBD was not associated with any particular motor phenotype. We found no association of RBD with gait disturbances and postural impairment. Human gait and postural control and RBD appear to depend upon different neuronal circuits. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Multishot PROPELLER for high‐field preclinical MRI
Authors: Pandit Prachi , Qi Yi , Story Jennifer , King Kevin F. , Johnson G. Allan
Published: May 2010

With the development of numerous mouse models of cancer, there is a tremendous need for an appropriate imaging technique to study the disease evolution. High‐field T2‐weighted imaging using PROPELLER (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction) MRI meets this need. The two‐shot PROPELLER technique presented here provides (a) high spatial resolution, (b) high contrast resolution, and (c) rapid and noninvasive imaging, which enables high‐throughput, longitudinal studies in free‐breathing mice. Unique data collection and reconstruction makes this method robust against motion artifacts. The two‐shot modification introduced here retains more high‐frequency information and provides higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than conventional single‐shot PROPELLER, making this sequence feasible at high fields, where signal loss is rapid. Results are shown in a liver metastases model to demonstrate the utility of this technique in one of the more challenging regions of the mouse, which is the abdomen. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time single‐heartbeat fast strain‐encoded imaging of right ventricular regional function: Normal versus chronic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Shehata Monda L. , Basha Tamer A. , Tantawy Wahid H. , Lima Joao A. , Vogel‐Claussen Jens , Bluemke David A. , Hassoun Paul M. , Osman Nael F.
Published: May 2010

Patients with pulmonary hypertension and suspected right ventricular (RV) dysfunction often have dyspnea at rest, making reliable assessment of RV function using traditional breath‐holding methods difficult to perform. Using single‐heartbeat fast strain encoding (Fast‐SENC) imaging, peak systolic RV circumferential and longitudinal strains were measured in 11 healthy volunteers and 11 pulmonary hypertension patients. Fast‐SENC RV longitudinal strain and circumferential strain measurements were compared to conventional SENC and MR tagging, respectively. Fast‐SENC circumferential and longitudinal RV shortening correlated closely with SENC measurements (r = 0.86, r = 0.90, P < 0.001 for all). Circumferential strain, by conventional tagging, showed moderate correlation with Fast‐SENC in pulmonary hypertension patients only (r = 0.5, P = 0.003). A nonuniform pattern of RV circumferential shortening was depicted in both groups. Peak systolic circumferential strain was significantly reduced at the basal RV in pulmonary hypertension patients (−18.06 ± 3.3 versus −21.9 ± 1.9, P < 0.01) compared to normal individuals, while peak systolic longitudinal strain was significantly reduced at all levels (P < 0.01 for all). Fast‐SENC is a feasible and reliable technique for rapid quantification of RV regional function in a single‐heartbeat acquisition. Information derived from Fast‐SENC allows characterization of RV regional function in normal individuals and in pulmonary hypertension patients. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations near rock slopes using the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion
Authors: Saada Z. , Maghous S. , Garnier D.
Published: May 2010

The seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on a modified Hoek–Brown rock mass is investigated within the framework of the kinematic approach of limit analysis theory. The analysis focuses on evaluating the reduction in bearing capacity induced by seismic loading and by the proximity of a rock slope. A pseudo‐static approach is adopted to account for the earthquake effects for the seismic bearing capacity evaluations. At the rock material level, the closed‐form expressions previously obtained for the support functions of the rock failure criterion allow the implementation of different failure mechanisms families, and thus to derive rigorous upper bounds estimates of the load‐bearing capacity in both static and seismic conditions. The effects of geometrical, strength and loading parameters are assessed through a large number of parametric computations. Finally, design tables are presented for practical use in rock engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental analysis of kaolinite particle orientation during triaxial path
Authors: Hattab Mahdia , Fleureau Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2010

The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between the behaviour of a clayey material at the macroscopic scale and its microfabric evolution. This may lead to a better understanding of macroscopic strain mechanisms especially the contractancy and dilatancy phenomena. The approach proposed in this paper is based on the study of clay particles orientation by SEM picture analysis after different phases of triaxial loading. In the initial state of the samples (one‐dimensional compression), the SEM observations highlight a microstructural anisotropy with a preferential orientation of the particles normal to the loading direction. During isotropic loading, densification of the clayey matrix occurs related to a random orientation of particles indicated by the term ‘depolarization’. In the earlier stages of constant σ3 drained triaxial path on slightly overconsolidated specimens, the microstructural depolarization seems to persist inside a macroscopic domain, in which only the volumetric strains due to the isotropic part of the stress tensor evolve. Then, a rotation mechanism of the particles towards preferred directions seems to be activated. The phenomenon appears directly linked to the evolution of the deviatoric part of the stress tensor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo31P MRS detection of an alkaline inorganic phosphate pool with short T1 in human resting skeletal muscle
Authors: Kan H. E. , Klomp D. W. J. , Wong C. S. , Boer V. O. , Webb A. G. , Luijten P. R. , Jeneson J. A.
Published: May 2010

Non‐invasive determination of mitochondrial content is an important objective in clinical and sports medicine. 31P MRS approaches to obtain information on this parameter at low field strength typically require in‐magnet exercise. Direct observation of the intra‐mitochondrial inorganic phosphate (Pi) pool in resting muscle would constitute an alternative, simpler method. In this study, we exploited the higher spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise at 7T to investigate the MR visibility of this metabolite pool. 31P in vivo MR spectra of the resting soleus (SOL) muscle were obtained with 1H MR image‐guided surface coil localization (six volunteers) and of the SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle using 2D CSI (five volunteers). A resonance at a frequency 0.38 ppm downfield from the cytosolic Pi resonance (Pi1; pH 7.0 ± 0.04) was reproducibly detected in the SOL muscle in all subjects and conditionally attributed to the intra‐mitochondrial Pi pool (Pi2; pH 7.3 ± 0.07). In the SOL muscle, the Pi2/Pi1 ratio was 1.6 times higher compared to the TA muscle in the same individual. Localized 3D CSI results showed that the Pi2 peak was present in voxels well away from blood vessels. Determination of the T1 of the two Pi pools in a single individual using adiabatic excitation of the spectral region around 5 ppm yielded estimates of 4.3 ± 0.4 s vs 1.4 ± 0.5 s for Pi1 and Pi2, respectively. Together, these results suggest that the intra‐mitochondrial Pi pool in resting human skeletal muscle may be visible with 31P MRS at high field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study and restudy of curated skeletal collections in bioarchaeology: A perspective on the UK and the implications for future curation of human remains
Authors: Roberts C. , Mays S.
Published: May 2010

This paper considers the bioarchaeological study and restudy of human skeletal remains in museums and other institutions that curate human remains from archaeological sites. Papers published from 1990 to 2009 in the Journal of Archaeological Science, Journal of Paleopathology, American Journal of Physical Anthropology and International Journal of Osteoarchaeology were considered and contributions dealing with skeletal remains from UK archaeological sites were assessed. There were 258 papers published that matched these criteria and 352 instances when a skeletal collection had been analysed. Seventy‐nine per cent of the papers were based on skeletal samples curated in five geographic areas, London, Bradford, Portsmouth, Canterbury and York; the two sites that were most used were those of Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire, curated in Portmouth at English Heritage, and Christ Church, Spitalfields, curated at the Natural History Museum, London. Reasons for this concentration of research are suggested. It is recommended that the ‘use load’ should be better and more evenly spread around skeletal samples in other geographic areas of the UK in order that knowledge is not limited just to a few skeletal collections, and that a centralised database of skeletal collections curated by different institutions would contribute to this aim. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barrett's oesophageal adenocarcinoma encompasses tumour‐initiating cells that do not express common cancer stem cell markers
Authors: Grotenhuis Brechtje A , Dinjens Winand NM , Wijnhoven Bas PL , Sonneveld Petra , Sacchetti Andrea , Franken Patrick F , van Dekken Herman , Tilanus Hugo W , van Lanschot J Jan B , Fodde Riccardo
Published: May 2010

Accumulating evidence has suggested that tumours have a hierarchical organization in which only the cancer stem cells (CSCs) have tumour‐initiating properties. Several surface antigens have been employed to isolate CSCs from various malignancies, although not from oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We tested whether Barrett's oesophagus (BE) and EA might serve as a model for the CSC concept. In vivo assays were performed by transplantation of serially diluted bulk EA cells into NOD‐SCID mice to establish the presence and frequency of tumour‐initiating cells. These were found to be present as ca. 1 in 64 000 cells. The transplanted tumours fully recapitulated the primary lesions. Subsequently, a panel of previously established CSC markers was employed for immunohistochemistry. CD24, CD29 and CD44 showed heterogeneous staining in EA. Nuclear β‐catenin accumulation increased during progression from metaplasia to dysplasia and was often observed in the basal compartment with CD24 and CD29 staining. However, the overall staining patterns were not such to clearly point out specific candidate markers. Accordingly, all markers were employed to sort the corresponding subpopulations of cancer cells and transplant them at low multiplicities in NOD‐SCID mice. No increased tumour‐initiating capacity of sorted EA cells was observed upon transplantation. These results indicate that tumour‐initiating cells are present in EA, thus reflecting a hierarchical organization. However, antibodies directed against novel surface antigens are needed to detect subpopulations enriched for CSCs in EA by transplantation assays. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High efficiency inline diffused emitter (ILDE) solar cells on mono‐crystalline CZ silicon
Authors: Ebong Abasifreke , Cooper Ian B. , Rounsaville Brian , Tate Keith , Rohatgi Ajeet , Bunkenburg Brian , Cathey Jim , Kim Steve , Ruf Dan
Published: May 2010

High throughput, low cost, and high efficiency are the keys to reducing the cost of photovoltaic electricity. To realize high efficiency, the quality of emitter is critical. The emitter can be formed either by batch deposition in a tube using liquid POCl3 source or by inline spray deposition of phosphoric acid (P2O5). The POCl3 process has been optimized over the years to give reproducible performance, whereas the inline diffusion has not been systematically optimized. This paper reports on solar cell results with the inline emitters. Sheet resistance mapping tool has been used to quantify the emitter uniformity in conjunction with junction depth and phosphorus surface concentration to characterize the inline emitters. We have achieved average efficiencies of 17.1 and 17.4%, respectively, on 2 Ω‐cm textured CZ with 45 and 60 Ω/sq emitters. Average fill factor of 0.772 and ideality factor of 1.06 support the front contact firing optimization for the inline emitters. Personal computer one dimensional (PC1D) modeling of the 60 Ω/sq emitter showed efficiency of >18% is achievable by reducing the front surface recombination velocity (FSRV) from 120 000 to 80 000 cm/s and increasing the fill factor to 79.5%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lamination of (multi)crystalline and thin film based photovoltaic modules
Authors: Lange Ronald F. M. , Luo Yun , Polo Roman , Zahnd Jürg
Published: May 2010

Electricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) becomes more and more important and significant research is performed in this PV arena. Although the electrical cell connection as well as the encapsulation of the PV active material are of utmost importance, these so‐called back‐end processes in the production of PV modules are often neglected. Here, we present our currently used activities to encapsulate inorganic PV materials, i.e. crystalline silicon as well as the various thin film technologies and focus on the lamination step. The importance of an exceedingly homogeneous temperature profile during the lamination step is highlighted as well as the application of various pressures in time. The control of both the temperature and pressure profile is key to produce bubble free and long‐lasting high quality PV modules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of FBXO25‐interacting proteins using an integrated proteomics approach
Authors: Teixeira Felipe R. , Yokoo Sami , Gartner Carlos A. , Manfiolli Adriana O. , Baqui Munira M. A. , Assmann Eliana M. , Maragno Ana Leticia G. C. , Yu Huijun , de Lanerolle Primal , Kobarg Jörg , Gygi Steven P. , Gomes Marcelo Damário
Published: May 2010

FBXO25 is one of the 68 human F‐box proteins that serve as specificity factors for a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of s‐phase‐kinase associated protein 1, really interesting new gene‐box 1, Cullin 1, and F‐box protein (SCF1) that are involved in targeting proteins for destruction across the ubiquitin proteasome system. We recently reported that the FBXO25 protein accumulates in novel subnuclear structures named FBXO25‐associated nuclear domains (FAND). Combining two‐step affinity purification followed by MS with a classical two‐hybrid screen, we identified 132 novel potential FBXO25 interacting partners. One of the identified proteins, β‐actin, physically interacts through its N‐terminus with FBXO25 and is enriched in the FBXO25 nuclear compartments. Inhibitors of actin polymerization promote a significant disruption of FAND, indicating that they are compartments influenced by the organizational state of actin in the nucleus. Furthermore, FBXO25 antibodies interfered with RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro. Our results open new perspectives for the understanding of this novel compartment and its nuclear functions.
Synthesis, characterization, and heterogeneous catalysis of polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalyst
Authors: Murugan Eagambaram , Rangasamy Rajmohan
Published: May 2010

We report here, the synthesis of two types of heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts viz., polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine)‐G2 dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalysts using crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) matrix (PSP4VP) as support material. The grafting of dendrimer on the surface of P4VP beads was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer and CHN analyses. The immobilization of AuNPs was characterized by UV‐Vis spectrum, SEM, and HRTEM studies. The resultant polymer‐supported dendrimer stabilized AuNPs were used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. The catalytic activity is found to be excellent and it can also be reused many times by simple filtration and activity remains maintained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2525–2532, 2010
Maleimide‐based thiol reactive multiarm star polymers via Diels‐Alder/retro Diels‐Alder strategy
Authors: Gok Ozgul , Durmaz Hakan , Ozdes Emrah Soner , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit , Sanyal Amitav
Published: May 2010

Multiarm star polymers containing thiol‐reactive maleimide groups at their core have been synthesized by utilization of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of various methacrylates using a masked maleimide containing multiarm initiator. One end of the initiator contains multiple halogen groups that produce the star architecture upon polymerization and the other end contains a masked maleimide functional group. Unmasking of the maleimide group after the polymerization provides the thiol reactive maleimide core that is widely used in bioconjugation. Functionalization of the core maleimide group with a thiol containing tripeptide was used to demonstrate facile reactivity of the core of these multiarm polymers under reagent‐free conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2546–2556, 2010
Water‐soluble triply‐responsive homopolymers of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with a terminal azobenzene moiety
Authors: Tang Xinde , Liang Xiaochao , Gao Longcheng , Fan Xinghe , Zhou Qifeng
Published: May 2010

Novel water‐soluble triply‐responsive homopolymers of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) containing an azobenzene moiety as the terminal group were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The ATRP process of DMAEMA was initiated by an azobenzene derivative substituted with a 2‐bromoisobutyryl group (Azo‐Br) in the presence of CuCl/Me6TREN in 1,4‐dioxane as a catalyst system. The molecular weights and their polydispersities of the resulting homopolymers (Azo‐PDMAEMA) were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The homopolymers are soluble in aqueous solution and exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that alternated reversibly in response to Ph and photoisomerization of the terminal azobenzene moiety. It was found that the LCST increased as pH decreased in the range of testing. Under UV light irradiation, the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety resulted in a higher LCST, whereas it recovered under visible light irradiation. This kind of polymers should be particularly interesting for a variety of potential applications in some promising areas, such as drug controlled‐releasing carriers and intelligent materials because of the multistimuli responsive property. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2564–2570, 2010
Structure and surface properties of polyacrylates with short fluorocarbon side chain: Role of the main chain and spacer group
Authors: Wang Qiongyan , Zhang Qinghua , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu
Published: May 2010

The degradation of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)s with long perfluoroalkyl groups, especially with perfluorooctyl group, leads to the release of biopersistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). To find the environmentally friendly substitutes, a series of nonbiopersistant fluorinated polymers containing perfluorohexyl groups in the side chains have been synthesized and characterized. This study was then focused on the role played by the main chain and spacer group located in the side chain between the backbone and the fluorinated segment and, in particular, on the properties of poly[2‐[[[[2‐(perfluorohexyl)]‐sulfonyl]methyl]amino]ethyl] acrylate (PC6SA), methacrylate (PC6SMA) and poly[(perfluorohexyl)ethyl] methacrylate (PC6MA). Surface properties and bulk organization of fluorinated side chains of those polymers were investigated by contact angles, differential scanning calorimetry, optical polaring microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Results were compared with those obtained with poly[(perfluorohexyl) ethyl] acrylate (PC6A). They all had very low surface free energies. Surprisingly, with the same perfluoalkyl chain, PC6SA and PC6SMA with a N‐methylsulfonamide spacer group were found to be organized in a liquid crystalline lamellar structure, whereas PC6A and PC6MA were found to be amorphous. This was mainly attributed to the steric term and polarity of N‐methylsulfonamide group that tended to facilitate the orientation of the perfluorinated segments in smectic phases. PC6SA, PC6SMA, and PC6MA had rich dynamic water repellency because of the low surface molecular mobility. This phenomenon relates to the crystallization of side chains or high glass transition temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2584–2593, 2010
An efficient way to tune grafting density of well‐defined copolymers via an unusual Br‐containing acrylate monomer
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Li Yaogong , Li Yongjun , Yang Dong , Hu Jianhua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2010

A series of well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers, containing hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) side chains, were synthesized by sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) without any postpolymerization functionality modification followed by selective acidic hydrolysis of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) backbone. tert‐Butyl 2‐((2‐bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)‐acrylate was first homopolymerized or copolymerized with tert‐butyl acrylate by RAFT in a controlled way to give ATRP‐initiation‐group‐containing homopolymers and copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.20) and their reactivity ratios were determined by Fineman‐Ross and Kelen‐Tudos methods, respectively. The density of ATRP initiation group can be regulated by the feed ratio of the comonomers. Next, ATRP of butyl acrylate was directly initiated by these macroinitiators to synthesize well‐defined poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate) graft copolymers with controlled grafting densities via the grafting‐from strategy. PtBA‐based backbone was selectively hydrolyzed in acidic environment without affecting PBA side chains to provide poly(acrylic acid)‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate) amphiphilic graft copolymers. Fluorescence probe technique was used to determine the critical micelle concentrations in aqueous media and micellar morphologies are found to be spheres visualized by TEM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2622–2630, 2010