bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morpheus – An innovative approach to remote data access
Authors: Höninger Julia
Published: January 2025

Morpheus is a novel approach in providing remote access to micro data of official statistics. Researchers work on anonymous micro data files with common statistical software packages and get their results back in real time. Additionally, a measure of goodness of fit will be provided for every single result. Therefore researchers can work with the anonymous results as they can have confidence that they would have obtained the same or very similar results with the original data. All statistical analyses and all commands are allowed. Furthermore, users can browse through the anonymous data which is very helpful when developing program syntax and not possible in most other systems of remote access.

Research data centres would greatly benefit from such a system as well, as the cumbersome manual disclosure control would be eliminated. All results would be safe and automatically returned to the researcher. This system would respect the special requirements to micro data access even in Germany where laws are especially strict.
Статистика : методичні вказівки для підготовки до практичних занять здобувачів першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти галузі знань 07 «Управління та адміністрування», спеціальності 071 «Облік і оподаткування»
Authors:   Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Панасюк Віта Миколаївна
Published: January 2025

Методичні вказівки призначені для здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 07 «Управління та адміністрування», спеціальності 071 «Облік і оподаткування» з метою закріплення лекційного матеріалу та підготовки до практичних занять з дисципліни «Статистика». Містять завдання до практичних занять та самостійної роботи.
Simulación del balance hídrico mediante la geomática en la cuenca del río Cañete
Authors: Vilca Arana Miriam
Published: January 2025

El problema del agua impacta negativamente en los ingresos económicos de los productores. El objetivo principal del artículo es evaluar la simulación del balance hídrico mediante la simulación geomática en la cuenca del río Cañete. De manera aproximada se calculó el valor real mediante la simulación geomática con el software ArGis. El enfoque es cuantitativo, tipo aplicado y diseño no experimental. Se determinó el balance hídrico en el río Cañete mediante el método Hargreaves y método Thomthwaite. En base a la evapotranspiración se calculó la precipitación, temperatura media, temperatura mínima y máxima. Se tomó como variables las mismas y como muestra la cuenca del río Cañete. Las técnicas aplicadas de recolección de datos son documentos y registros obtenidos de la base datos del Senamhi. Se realizó una proyección de 10 años para que el agua sea sostenible en el tiempo.
Memoria, el Conflicto Generacional y la Metaficción en La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro de Juan Marsé
Authors: Vásquez Olivas María José
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se argumenta que La muchacha de las bragas de oro, de Juan Marsé, es una alegoría de la sociedad española de finales del franquismo: Luys Forest simboliza a la parte que estuvo de acuerdo con el régimen y Mariana a la nueva generación que no está de acuerdo con la forma en que la generación anterior recuenta los hechos. Las memorias del protagonista, como parte del tema de la metaficción, representan la incertidumbre de los antiguos falangistas acerca del pasado y futuro inmediatos y son un intento de justificarse.
Próba zastosowania grywalizacji w metodzie 5S
Authors: Wacławik Łukasz
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu było opisanie możliwości wykorzystania grywalizacji w metodzie 5S. Metoda 5S od wielu lat przeżywa kryzys wynikający z biurokracji. Artykuł przedstawia, w jaki sposób wykorzystać grywalizację i poprawić motywację pracowników zaangażowanych w 5S. Artykuł jest wynikiem badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w przedsiębiorstwach z branży automotive, które wykorzystują zarówno 5S, jak i grywalizację od wielu lat. Wydaje się, że wykorzystanie grywalizacji stanie się niedługo konieczne w stosowaniu 5S. Poza oczywistymi korzyściami (jasna metodologia czy większa motywacja pracowników) pojawiają się jednak słabe strony nowego podejścia do 5S. Do najważniejszych z nich należą: wysokie koszty i to, że zwycięzcami konkursów są często te same linie, stanowiska czy komórki organizacyjne. Autor przedstawił uniwersalną listę pytań, którą można wykorzystać podczas grywalizacji.
Zarządzanie oparte na dowodach z wykorzystaniem metodyki systematycznego przeglądu literatury
Authors: Jabłoński Marek , Jabłoński Adam , Dulęba Daniel , Janulek Piotr , Glenszczyk Mariusz
Published: January 2025

W branży medycznej w ramach budowy hierarchii dowodów naukowych systematyczne przeglądy literatury oraz metaanalizy znajdują się na jej szczycie. Adaptacja rozwiązań z tego obszaru gospodarki i życia mogą być skuteczne i efektywne z punktu widzenia specyfiki dyscypliny nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości. Celem artykułu jest krytyczny przegląd różnych ujęć, zasad i podejść do zastosowania metody systematycznego przeglądu literatury w naukach o zarządzaniu i jakości. W treści artykułu dokonano oceny możliwości zastosowania koncepcji zarządzania opartego na dowodach z wykorzystaniem metodyki systematycznego przeglądu literatury oraz wskazano implikacje teoretyczne odnoszące się do specyfiki zastosowania tej metody w publikacjach o zasięgu światowym. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań i analiz opracowano autorski model zastosowania metodyki systematycznego przeglądu literatury do wdrożenia w naukach o zarządzaniu i jakości koncepcji Evidence Based Practice oraz Evidence Based Management. Wskazano, iż zaproponowana w artykule koncepcja zarządzania oparta na dowodach z wykorzystaniem metodyki systematycznego przeglądu literatury stanowi nowe narzędzie do podejmowania decyzji zarządczych menedżerów korzystających z dużych zbiorów danych (danych publikacji naukowych).
Integrated genomic analysis to reduce chromosomal analysis for the diagnosis of pediatric hematologic malignancies: addressing the shortage of cytogenetic technologists
Authors: Li Dong , Tasian Sarah K , Wertheim Gerald , Rheingold Susan R , Bernt Kathrin M. , Newman Haley , Wainwright Luanne , Wilmoth Donna M , Thiel Brian , Surrey Lea F , Margolskee Elizabeth , Pillai Vinodh , Luo Minjie , Paessler Michele E , Hunger Stephen P , Li Marilyn M , Zhong Yiming
Published: January 2025

Not available.
Covid-19 and pelvic floor signs and symptoms: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Di Tommaso Valentina , Rossi Marta , Gianola Silvia , Castellini Greta , Bargeri Silvia , Rossettini Giacomo , Bortolami Arianna
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a substantial global health challenge. While the disease is known to impact multiple systems, leading to long-term consequences that require monitoring and rehabilitation, its effects on the pelvic floor remain unclear.Methods:We conducted a scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases up to March 19, 2024, to identify studies examining pelvic floor-related signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Two reviewers independently extracted study and participant characteristics, areas involved (e.g., anorectal, sexual, urogenital), and signs and symptoms using an ad-hoc data extraction form. Signs and symptoms were classified as direct (e.g., directly impacting the pelvic floor) or indirect (e.g., indirectly affecting it with potential long-term consequences).Results: We included 104 studies, primarily a systematic review (N = 40; 38.46%) and focused on adult populations (N = 80; 76.92%), investigating 140 signs and symptoms from various regions worldwide. Most (N = 124; 88.57%) were indirect signs and symptoms, while the minority were direct (N = 16; 11.43%). The most prevalent indirect symptom was diarrhea (n = 81; 70,43%) in the anorectal bowel area (n = 115). The most prevalent direct were lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (n = 16; 84.21%) in the urogenital area (n = 19).Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of both direct and indirect pelvic floor symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Clinicians should be aware of the potential link between COVID-19 and pelvic floor dysfunction.
POTENSI PROPOLIS Trigona sp. TERHADAP JAMUR PENYEBAB KANDIDIASIS VULVOVAGINAL
Authors: Maghfiroh Dinda Oktia
Published: January 2025

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a vulvar and/or intravaginal infection that often attacks women of reproductive age. The most common cause of this infection is Candida albicans. C. albicans has a high ability to form biofilm. Biofilm is a virulence form of C. albicans and a major cause of antifungal drugs resistance. One alternative that can be used is propolis. Propolis is a wax mixed with resin produced by honey bees as a result of a collection of substances released by plants. The type of bee that produces the most propolis is Trigona sp. This review aims to describe a comprehensive overview of the potential of Trigona sp. propolis against fungi that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis, especially C. albicans. The research method is a literature review with data sources in the form of true experimental research articles from both national and international journals via Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and Researchgate. Literature studies show that propolis Trigona sp. from several regions in Indonesia, Nepal and Malaysia is known to contain flavonoid compounds which have antifungals and antibiofilms potential against C. albicans (major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis).
Medicine in the Metaverse: An Interview with Shafi Ahmed
Authors: Ahmed Shafi
Published: January 2025

Professor Shafi Ahmed, a world-renowned surgeon, futurist, innovator, professor, and Nobel Peace Prize nominee, shares exclusive insights from the GIANT Health Event 2024 on the future of healthcare. He dives into the world of virtual reality, holograms, and the medical metaverse, and highlights cutting-edge projects that inspire change and redefine what is possible in modern medicine.
PARTAI ISLAM DAN PEMILU 2024
Authors: Danis Tri Saputra  , M.Prakoso Aji  , Ilmar Anwar , Juned Mansur
Published: January 2025

Perkembangan partai politik Islam di Indonesia bergerak secara fluktuatif, namun   kemampuan elektabilitasnya selalu berada jauh dari partai nasionalis, persentase suaranya cenderung stagnan dan tetap sulit bersaing dengan partai-partai nasionalis. Kondisi ini didorong oleh berbagai faktor yaitu konflik internal, kasus korupsi, isu radikalisme, lemahnya institusionalisasi partai, kaderisasi yang tidak berkelanjutan, program politik kerakyatan yang bias, peluasan paham Islam moderat, penguatan ormas Islam  dan ekspansi elektoral partai-partai nasionalis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix methode dengan metode sequential exploratory yang memadukan analisis kualitatif dengan analisis kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hampir semua partai politik Islam di Indonesia mampu membaca berbagai peluang, ancaman, kekurangan dan kelebihan dari partai Islam di Indonesia pada pemilu 2024, sehingga sebagian besar strateginya lebih banyak didominasi oleh  strategi ofensif, defensif, campuran serta kampanye politik secara bersamaan melalui strategi kampanye sebagai partai politik terbuka, strategi kampanye politik programatik, strategi politik oposisi dan koalisi, perluasan segmentasi pemilih muda dan penguatan  kaderisasi internal serta upaya-upaya konstruktif dalam menghadapi politik identitas yang berbasis SARA
Citronellol-functionalized natural silica: a biogenic approach for antifungal and antibacterial material applications
Authors: Lopez Guillermo P. , Roque Leyanet Barberia , Igal Katerine , Espinosa Erasmo Gámez , Bellotti Natalia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

New bioactive hybrid materials to prevent biofilm-induced biodeterioration are a significant challenge in indoor environments, where contaminants from microbial films compromise structural integrity and contribute to air pollution, posing health risks from prolonged exposure to biological agents.

Methods

For the first time, diatomaceous earth or diatomite (Dt) was functionalized with quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) and a biogenic compound, citronellol, to develop a bioactive hybrid material (Dt*QC). The hybrids obtained were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antifungal and antibacterial activity were assessed by agar diffusion assay, and micro/macro-dilution tests.

Results and Discussion

Characterization confirmed successful functionalization. TGA revealed organic contents of 50.9% with citronellol incorporation reaching 48.1%. SEM-EDS corroborated the incorporation of organic components. FTIR further verified the integration of functional groups while preserving the structural stability of the siliceous framework. Antimicrobial assays revealed a broader range of activity for Dt*QC. For bacterial strains, Dt*QC achieved a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.15 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and demonstrated over 99.9% bacterial reduction, even at lower concentrations. This study highlights a novel approach to developing antimicrobial materials by functionalizing Dt with QAS and citronellol. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of Dt*QC as an advanced antimicrobial material for applications in coatings and preservation systems, offering a sustainable solution to prevent biodeterioration and microbial contamination.
Retrospective analysis of 300 microbial cell-free DNA sequencing results in routine blood stream infection diagnostics
Authors: Neidhöfer Claudio , Klein Niklas , Yürüktümen Aylin , Hattenhauer Tessa , Mispelbaum Rebekka , Bode Christian , Holderried Tobias A. W. , Hoerauf Achim , Parčina Marijo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Bloodstream infections are a critical challenge worldwide due to the slow turnaround time of conventional microbiological tests for detecting bacteremia in septic patients. Noscendo GmbH (Duisburg, Germany) has developed the CE/IVD pipeline DISQVER for clinical metagenomics testing based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples to address this issue.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this methodological setup in improving treatment decisions since it was introduced into our clinical setting. Between January 2021 and June 2022, the first 300 cases in which DISQVER was applied at our university hospital were collected and analyzed. The results were compared with routine microbiology test results, clinical picture, associated treatment decisions, and clinical course.

Results

Our findings demonstrate that DISQVER results where no pathogen was reported effectively ruled out bacterial bloodstream infections, whereas positive results varied in their usefulness. While the metagenomic approach proved highly valuable for detecting non-culturable and rare pathogens, its utility was limited in cases where detected microorganisms were commonly associated with the microbiota.

Discussion

Performing on-site analysis might mitigate delays resulting from logistical challenges and might help optimizing antibiotic stewardship. Once prompt results can be obtained, the relevance of incorporating molecular resistograms will become more pronounced. Further, the specific patient subgroups that most benefit from this analysis must be worked out. Guiding clinicians in identifying the infection focus based on the detected bacteria would significantly improve patient care. Lastly, evidence of filamentous fungi must be diligently followed up.
Analysis of regional differences, spatial-temporal characteristics, and influencing factors of the coupling and coordination development of science and technology innovation between universities and enterprises in China
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wang Qingjin , Gao Hao , Cui Qian
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The coupling and coordination development level (CCDL) of science and technology innovation (STI) between universities and enterprises is a key determinant of the effectiveness of the national STI system.

Methods

This study utilized data from universities and industrial enterprises spanning from 2012 to 2021 to establish an indicator system for measuring university STI ability and enterprise STI ability. The study then applied the entropy TOPSIS method to calculate the STI scores and further analyzed them using a coupling coordination model. Various research methods were employed to quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics and elucidate the patterns of evolution, with the grey relational analysis model being utilized to examine the mutual influence at the micro-index level.

Results and discussion

The study found a significant transformation in the collaboration between universities and enterprises in China, shifting from extreme incoherence to highly coordinated cooperation. Secondly, the reason for the differences is the uneven development in the four regions. Thirdly, the CCDL of STI between universities and enterprises in each region is notably different, but all show σ convergence trend. Finally, the university STI ability and enterprise STI ability are identified as key factors in the CCDL of STI between universities and enterprises.
A new paradigm in PhD education: mapping and integrating psychosocial competencies to the PhD curriculum
Authors: Safer Diane A. , Freedman Victoria H. , Markman Arther B.
Published: January 2025

The development of a PhD student into a professional requires intellectual, technical, and psychosocial competencies. Ten proposed core competencies are considered essential for equipping PhDs with the skills needed to succeed in the future, no matter which field or career path they choose. Half of these involve technical competencies, which can be developed through classes, from hands-on experiential learning, and with guidance from mentors. The remaining half involve psychosocial competencies, which may not be explicitly covered within the framework of a guided mentorship. Here we suggest that the graduate school curriculum can play a vital role in teaching and developing these psychosocial competencies through training that involves honing foundational life skills, including students’ motivational-organizational, self-regulation, and social-relational skills. This paper will provide an example of how psychosocial competencies were incorporated into the curriculum at distinct stages of PhD training at one institution.
From margins to mainstream: decolonizing science and promoting diversity for the future of STEM
Authors: Khalid Roksana , Ting Isaiah J.
Published: January 2025

Decolonizing science is essential for dismantling entrenched biases that privilege Western methodologies and marginalize valuable contributions from non-dominant regions. These historical and ongoing barriers perpetuate systemic inequalities across STEM fields, hindering diverse voices and restricting the scope of global scientific discovery. Examples within STEM illustrate the reciprocal influence of diverse cultures in shaping scientific knowledge, underscoring that progress is a collaborative, multicultural effort. Entrenched attitudes, often rooted in implicit biases, sustain the notion that scientific excellence is synonymous with famous Western names, further marginalizing diverse contributions. To foster a more inclusive and equitable scientific landscape, radical reforms in educational systems are necessary, integrating non-Western perspectives and encouraging a more comprehensive view of science. Addressing these structural barriers and shifting existing attitudes will create a global scientific community that values diverse contributions and promotes holistic, inclusive advancements in human knowledge.
Systematic review of innate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in animal models
Authors: Nieto Ramirez Luisa Maria , Mehaffy Carolina , Dobos Karen Marie
Published: January 2025

Background

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex (MTBC) includes ten species that affect mammals and pose a significant global health concern. Upon infection, Mtb induces various stages in the host, including early bacterial elimination, which may or may not involve memory responses. Deciphering the role of innate immune responses during MTBC infection is crucial for understanding disease progression or protection. Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the innate immune response to Mtb, with new preclinical models emerging.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, focused on innate immune mediators linked to protection or disease progression in animal models of MTBC infection. We searched two databases: National Library of Medicine and Web of Science. Two researchers independently extracted data based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Eighty-three articles were reviewed. Results were categorized in four groups: MTBC species, animal models, soluble factors and innate pathways, and other molecules (metabolites and drugs). Mtb and M. bovis were the only species studied. P2X7R receptor's role in disease progression and higher macrophage recruitment were observed differentially after infection with hypervirulent Mtb strains. Mice and non-human primates (NHPs) were the most used mammals, with emerging models like Galleria mellonella and planarians also studied. NHPs provided insights into age-dependent immunity and markers for active tuberculosis (ATB). Key innate immune factors/pathways identified included TNF-α, neutrophil recruitment, ROS/RNS responses, autophagy, inflammasomes, and antimicrobial peptides, with homologous proteins identified in insects. Metabolites like vitamin B5 and prostaglandin E2 were associated with protection. Immunomodulatory drugs targeting autophagy and other mechanisms were studied, exhibiting their potential as therapeutic alternatives.

Conclusion

Simpler, physiologically relevant, and ethically sound models, such as G. mellonella, are needed for studying innate responses in MTBC infection. While insects lack adaptive immunity, they could provide insights into “pure” innate immune responses. The dissection of “pure,” “sustained” (later than 7 days post-infection), and trained innate immunity presents additional challenges that require high-resolution temporospatial analytical methods. Identifying early innate immune mediators and targetable pathways in the blood and affected tissues could identify biomarkers for immunization efficiency, disease progression, and potential synergistic therapies for ATB.
Concentration-dependent effects of immunomodulatory cocktails on the generation of leukemia-derived dendritic cells, DCleu mediated T-cell activation and on-target/off-tumor toxicity
Authors: Rejeski Hazal Aslan , Hartz Anne , Rackl Elias , Li Lin , Schwepcke Christoph , Rejeski Kai , Schmid Christoph , Rank Andreas , Schmohl Jörg , Kraemer Doris , Bojko Peter , Schmetzer Helga Maria
Published: January 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a devastating diagnosis in clear need of therapeutic advances. Both targeted dendritic cells (DC) and particularly leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) can exert potent anti-leukemic activity. By converting AML blasts into immune activating and leukemia-antigen presenting cells, DC/DCleu-generating protocols can induce immune responses against AML blasts. Such protocols combine approved response modifiers (i.e., GM-CSF and PGE1/OK-432/PGE2) that synergistically improve the conversion of AML blasts into (mature) DC/DCleu. To guide potential clinical application of these response modifiers, we analyzed three different DC-generating protocols that combine a constant GM-CSF dose with varying concentrations of PGE1 (Kit-M), OK-432 (Kit-I), and PGE2 (Kit-K). Here, we specifically aimed to assess how different response modifier concentrations impact DC/DCleu generation, immune cell activation and leukemic blast lysis. We found that all immunomodulatory kits were effective in generating mature and leukemia-derived DCs from healthy and leukemic whole blood. For Kit-M, we noted optimal generation of DC-subsets at intermediary concentration ranges of PGE1 (0.25-4.0 µg/mL), which facilitated upregulation of activated and memory T-cells upon mixed lymphocyte culture, and efficient anti-leukemic activity in cytotoxicity assays. For Kit-I, we observed DC/DCleu generation and enhanced T- and immune cell activation across a broader range of OK-432 concentrations (5-40 µg/mL), which also facilitated improved leukemic blast killing. In conclusion, our results highlight that Kit-mediated DC/DCleu generation, immune cell activation and blast lysis are dependent on the concentration of response modifiers, which will guide future clinical development. Overall, DCleu-based immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for AML patients.
Deregulated methylation and expression of PCDHGB7 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a novel prognostic and immunological biomarker
Authors: Yuan Yue , Nie Xin , Gao Jiayi , Tian Yumeng , He Liuer , Wang Xue , Zhang Ping , Ma Junling , Li Lin
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds

Protocadherin gamma subfamily B, 7 (PCDHGB7), a member of the protocadherin family, plays critical roles in neuronal connections and has been implicated in female reproductive system cancers. Its function in lung cancer has not been elucidated.

Methods

We comprehensively investigated PCDHGB7 expression, prognosis, biological function, methylation patterns, and it’s relationship with immune infiltration and immunotherapy response through public datasets (HPA, TCGA, GEO, OncoDB and MEXPRESS). Two lung cancer immunotherapy cohorts from our clinical center were enrolled to detect the relationship between methylation and protein levels of PCDHGB7 in plasma and immunotherapy outcomes.

Results

PCDHGB7 expression was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and associated with tumor prognosis. PCDHGB7 demonstrated a positive correlation with inhibitory immune cells and a negative correlation with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The methylation level of PCDHGB7 was upregulated in tumor tissue and negatively correlated with PCDHGB7 mRNA level. In immunotherapy cohort studies, patients with higher PCDHGB7 tissue expression showed worse prognosis. Patients with PCDHGB7 hypermethylation in baseline plasma had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while those with early reduction of PCDHGB7 methylation had the best prognosis. Plasma PCDHGB7 protein levels could predict responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and function as a prognostic marker for PFS.

Conclusion

PCDHGB7 expression and methylation are prognostic and immunological biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Plasma PCDHGB7 methylation and protein levels can be used as novel biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer.
Deciphering the functional roles of PE18 and PPE26 proteins in modulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and immune response
Authors: Ehtram Aquib , Shariq Mohd , Quadir Neha , Jamal Salma , Pichipalli Manjunath , Zarin Sheeba , Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Ehtesham Nasreen Z. , Hasnain Seyed E.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A crucial factor in Mtb's virulence is the ESX-5 secretion system, which transports PE/PPE proteins such as PE18 and PPE26. These proteins modulate host-pathogen interactions, immune responses, and intracellular survival mechanisms. Despite their importance, the roles and molecular interactions of PE18 and PPE26 in Mtb pathogenesis require further investigation.

Methods

We explored the roles of PE18 and PPE26 using recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmeg) as a model organism. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed biochemically to identify partners within the ESX-5 secretion system, including EspG5 and other PE/PPE proteins. Subcellular localization of these proteins was assessed via cell fractionation studies. Functional assays, including in vitro cytokine production and antigen presentation studies, were performed using TLR2/Myd88 knockout and wild-type macrophages. In vivo experiments were conducted to assess effector T-cell activation and intracellular survival. Mechanistic insights into endosome-phagosome maturation and actin cytoskeleton dynamics were obtained through fluorescence microscopy.

Results

Our biochemical analyses confirmed interactions between PE18/PPE26, PE18/PPE27, PE19/PPE25, and EspG5/PPE, highlighting their involvement in ESX-5-mediated secretion. Cell fractionation studies revealed that PE/PPE proteins predominantly localize to the cell wall, with PE18 also secreted extracellularly. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PE18 and PPE26 activate cytokine production and antigen presentation via TLR2/Myd88-dependent signaling pathways, inducing robust effector memory T-cell responses. Recombinant Msmeg expressing PE18, PPE26, or their combination exhibited enhanced intracellular survival by disrupting endosome-phagosome maturation, likely through interference with actin cytoskeletal organization.

Discussion

Our findings elucidate the pivotal roles of PE18 and PPE26 in Mtb pathogenesis, emphasizing their contributions to immune modulation and intracellular persistence. The observed disruption of actin dynamics and endosome-phagosome maturation underscores a novel mechanism by which Mtb evades host defenses. The ability of PE18 and PPE26 to induce effector T-cell responses highlights their potential as targets for host-directed therapies or vaccine development against TB. Further studies focusing on their structure-function relationships and interactions with host proteins could accelerate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Simulations of decane-ammonia autoignition in two mixture fractions
Authors: Kylikas Angelos , Mastorakos Epaminondas
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a zero-dimensional Doubly Conditional Moment Closure (0D-DCMC) methodology for investigating dual-fuel combustion involving ammonia and diesel. The approach uses two mixture fractions as conditioning variables, one for each fuel, to effectively model ignition and reveal the flame structure in mixture fraction space. Initially, 0D reactor calculations are performed using Cantera, exploring the chemical mechanism, identifying the most reactive mixture fractions, and determining key species involved in the ignition process. Following that, the 0D-DCMC simulations carried out provide understanding into the effects of the scalar and cross-scalar dissipation rates on autoignition. The results show that higher scalar dissipation rates delay ignition, while a negative cross-scalar dissipation rate reduces ignition delay compared to a positive rate. The ignition is shown to occur near the most reactive mixture fraction of the most reactive fuel, at lower conditional values of the less reactive fuel’s mixture fraction. The species fronts formed are observed to follow a trajectory between the stoichiometric mixture fractions of the fuels. The results establish a robust computational framework for modeling dual-fuel combustion.
Case report: Scleromalacia caused by rheumatoid arthritis combined with high intraocular pressure, first discovered due to ocular trauma
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Wang Yanyan , Xu Ruihao , Wang Tianyu , Zhang Yuhao , Mao Jinghai , Yi Quanyong
Published: January 2025

A 53-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis was first diagnosed with scleromalacia at the ophthalmology clinic after experiencing ocular trauma. The patient presented with decreased vision and abnormalities were subsequently found in his other eye. An ophthalmologist performed emergency debridement and suturing surgery on the ruptured right eyeball, discovering that the sclera was thinned to only 1/5 to 1/3 of its normal thickness. After the operation, the ophthalmologist examined the patient’s right eye and noted similar bluish scleral changes along with elevated intraocular pressure. In this case, we report a relatively rare instance of scleromalacia combined with ocular hypertension, which was definitively diagnosed following emergency ophthalmic surgery. The patient exhibited extremely thin and bluish sclera in both eyes. This case once again underscores the importance of clinicians paying close attention to the impact of systemic autoimmune diseases on ocular health.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for fungal infections: mechanisms, applications, and challenges
Authors: Gao Yangjie , Ji Zhe , Zhao Jingyu , Gu Julin
Published: January 2025

As a particularly serious condition in immunocompromised patients, fungal infections (FIs) have increasingly become a public health problem worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), characterized by multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties, are considered an emerging strategy for the treatment of FIs. In this study, the therapeutic potential of MSCs for FIs was reviewed, including their roles played by secreting antimicrobial peptides, regulating immune responses, and promoting tissue repair. Meanwhile, the status of research on MSCs in FIs and the controversies were also discussed. However, the application of MSCs still faces numerous challenges, such as the heterogeneity of cell sources, long-term safety, and feasibility of large-scale production. By analyzing the latest study results, this review intends to offer theoretical support for the application of MSCs in FI treatment and further research.
Electrical brain activations in preadolescents during a probabilistic reward-learning task reflect cognitive processes and behavior strategies
Authors: Chung Yu Sun , Berg Berry van den , Roberts Kenneth C. , Bagdasarov Armen , Woldorff Marty G. , Gaffrey Michael S.
Published: January 2025

Both adults and children learn through feedback to associate environmental events and choices with reward, a process known as reinforcement learning (RL). However, tasks to assess RL-related neurocognitive processes in children have been limited. This study validated a child version of the Probabilistic Reward Learning task in preadolescents (8–12 years) while recording event-related-potential (ERPs), focusing on: (1) reward-feedback sensitivity (frontal Reward-related Positivity, RewP), (2) late attention-related responses to feedback (parietal P300), and (3) attentional shifting toward favored stimuli (N2pc). Behaviorally, as expected, preadolescents could learn stimulus–reward outcome associations, but with varying performance levels. Poor learners showed greater RewP amplitudes compared to good learners. Learning strategies (i.e., Win-Lose-Stay-Shift) were reflected by feedback-elicited P300 amplitudes. Lastly, attention shifted toward to-be-chosen stimuli, as evidenced by the N2pc, but not toward more highly rewarded stimuli as in adults. These findings provide novel insights into the neural processes underlying RL in preadolescents.
Observing versus creating flowers: a review of relevance for art therapy
Authors: Huss Ephrat , Nagamine Mitsue , Zaccai Michele
Published: January 2025

This paper compares the embodied aesthetic experience of three types of images: photographed flowers, drawn flowers, and mandalas, summarizing data from three former comparative papers. The findings denote the strong embodied emotional connection of participants (changes in mood expressed in neural and physiological responses) to images of real flowers, as compared to the more cognitive reactions to drawings of flowers and cognitive stimulation of flower-like mandalas. These findings are discussed in terms of methodological relevance for art therapy and nature therapy. While it is known that flowers arouse positive emotions, this more nuanced comparison has interesting implications for visual art therapy, and for the therapeutic effects of nature photos, as opposed to drawn interpretations of nature.
Case report: Pseudoprogression mimicking neoplastic recurrence three months after completion of proton beam therapy for an IDH-mutant astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 3
Authors: Heggebø Liv Cathrine , Borgen Ida Maria Henriksen , Blakstad Hanne , Saxhaug Cathrine , Rønning Pål André , Niehusmann Pitt Frederik , Werlenius Katja , Blomstrand Malin , Brandal Petter
Published: January 2025

Background

Radiation-induced changes following proton beam therapy in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated diffuse central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 3 gliomas are not well characterized. We present a patient with an IDH-mutant astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 3 treated with proton beam therapy and with postradiation MRI changes suggestive of neoplastic progression that surprisingly turned out to be reactive.

Case presentation

A man in his twenties underwent surgery with a near gross total resection for what turned out to be an IDH-mutant astrocytoma CNS WHO grade 3. He was included in the PRO-GLIO trial and randomized to receive proton beam therapy to a total dose of 59.4 Gray (Gy) relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Four weeks after completion of radiotherapy, adjuvant temozolomide was commenced. All treatment was well tolerated, and the patient was in excellent general condition. Surprisingly, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination three months after completion of radiotherapy showed what was highly suggestive of a distant recurrence. The patient underwent resective surgery about seven months after his first surgery. Histological examination showed inflammatory changes without neoplastic tissue, albeit not very typical for postradiation changes. Adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide was continued.

Conclusion

The presented case clearly shows that caution must be taken when interpreting cerebral MRI changes postradiation, and in particular after proton therapy. Further understanding of this subject is crucial to distinguish between patients requiring intensified antineoplastic treatment and those for whom maintaining current therapy or ongoing watchful waiting is advisable.
Early characterization and prediction of glioblastoma and brain metastasis treatment efficacy using medical imaging-based radiomics and artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Moreau Noémie N. , Valable Samuel , Jaudet Cyril , Dessoude Loïse , Thomas Leleu , Hérault Romain , Modzelewski Romain , Stefan Dinu , Thariat Juliette , Lechervy Alexis , Corroyer-Dulmont Aurélien
Published: January 2025

Among brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive type, and brain metastases (BMs) occur in 20%–40% of cancer patients. Even with intensive treatment involving radiotherapy and surgery, which frequently leads to cognitive decline due to doses on healthy brain tissue, the median survival is 15 months for GBM and about 6 to 9 months for BM. Despite these treatments, GBM patients respond heterogeneously as do patients with BM. Following standard of care, some patients will respond and have an overall survival of more than 30 months and others will not respond and will die within a few months. Differentiating non-responders from responders as early as possible in order to tailor treatment in a personalized medicine fashion to optimize tumor control and preserve healthy brain tissue is the most pressing unmet therapeutic challenge. Innovative computer solutions recently emerged and could provide help to this challenge. This review will focus on 52 published research studies between 2013 and 2024 on (1) the early characterization of treatment efficacy with biomarker imaging and radiomic-based solutions, (2) predictive solutions with radiomic and artificial intelligence-based solutions, (3) interest in other biomarkers, and (4) the importance of the prediction of new treatment modalities’ efficacy.
Paediatric extra-axial myxopapillary ependymoma: what to expect? Case report and literature review
Authors: Lo Piccolo Roberto , Cianci Maria Chiara , Sardi Iacopo , Di Nicola Marco , Buccoliero Anna M. , Caporalini Chiara , Morabito Antonino
Published: January 2025

Extra-axial ependymomas are rare tumours, and myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is the most common subtype in children, often misdiagnosed as other sacral lesions. MPEs are considered low-grade tumours, but relapse with distant metastasis is frequent. Therefore, therefore a proper diagnosis and subsequent follow-up are warranted. The current report presents a case of extra-axial MPE in a paediatric patient who presented with an indolent sacral mass and underwent surgical resection, along with a review of the literature. The aim was to highlight the importance of diagnostic suspicion in differential diagnosis of sacral soft-tissue masses
Osteoradionecrosis in osseous free flaps after maxillofacial reconstruction: a single-center experience
Authors: Fenske Jakob , Lampert Philipp , Nikolaidou Eirini , Steffen Claudius , Beck Marcus , Neckel Norbert , Nahles Susanne , Heiland Max , Mrosk Friedrich , Koerdt Steffen , Rendenbach Carsten
Published: January 2025

Objective

In the multimodal treatment of advanced head and neck malignancies, primary free flap reconstruction in a one stage procedure with tumor resection is frequently combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is known to exhibit side effects on transplanted free flaps, including osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of native and transplanted bone. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes and potential predictors of free flap ORN within osseous free flaps based on a large-scale, single-center database.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent osseous free flap reconstruction of maxilla or mandible in a one stage procedure followed by adjuvant radiotherapy due to an advanced head and neck malignancy between April 2017 and July 2023. After case matching, patients with and without free flap ORN were assessed for potential predictors using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

112 patients met the inclusion criteria. 21 patients (19%) developed ORN within the free flap. Following case matching, 42 patients (10 females, mean age 61.5 ± 9.1 years) were included in the final analysis. The mean time to ORN diagnosis was 19 (7–56) months after surgery. Total flap loss occurred in 7 patients (33%) following flap ORN. Smoking (76% vs. 38%; OR 5.78; p=0.03) and prior plate exposure (67% vs. 24%; OR 5.61; p=0.03) emerged as robust predictors of flap ORN in uni- and multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Osseous free flap ORN is a severe radiooncologic complication, often resulting in total flap loss and subsequently increased morbidity. Smoking and prior plate exposure were identified as key predictors of flap ORN development. Individual risk assessment and careful evaluation of osseous free flap irradiation must be evaluated in future radiooncological concepts.
The consistency and efficacy of optical coherence tomography for the evaluation of ocular torsion angle in children
Authors: Liu Rongjun , Zhao Jingjing , Yu Kaili , Zhu Dehai
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To explore the consistency and efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the evaluation of ocular torsion angle compared to fundus photography in children.

Method

Patients who had undergone fundus photography and OCT within 1 day were included in this study. The fundus photographs were taken using a fundus camera and then imported into the Adobe Photoshop 2021 software. The fovea-disc angle (FDA) was calculated manually. OCT was used to automatically detect the centers of the optic disc and fovea, and the software then calculated the FDA on the same device. The means and ranges of variables were calculated in this study. Group differences were assessed using the paired t-test. Statistical significance was determined when P-values were <0.05. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to verify the agreement of the FDAs measured by fundus photography and OCT respectively.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included and the objective measurements of the ocular torsion angles via OCT and fundus photography were similar. The mean FDA of 32 patients aged 2–6 years old was −7.84 ± 4.67° via fundus photography and −6.71 ± 6.19° via OCT. The mean FDA of 68 patients aged 6–18 years old was −8.47 ± 5.22° via fundus photography and −8.97 ± 5.41° via OCT. According to the receiver operational characteristic (ROC) curves of the FDA for diagnosing ocular extorsion, the area under the ROC curve was greatest for OCT (0.943, 95% CI: 0.902–0.984), followed by fundus photography (0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.979). With the Youden method, the optimal cut-off point for diagnosing ocular extorsion with OCT was −6.35°. OCT demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 49.2%. Furthermore, the optimal cut-off point for diagnosing ocular extorsion with fundus photography was −6.5°.

Conclusion

The comparison of FDAs showed good agreement between fundus photography and OCT. Thus, OCT can evaluate ocular torsion angle effectively in children.
The interaction of post-activation potentiation and fatigue on skeletal muscle twitch torque and displacement
Authors: Langen Georg , Warschun Frank , Ueberschär Olaf , Behringer Michael
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tensiomyography (TMG) assesses skeletal muscle contractile properties based on the electrically stimulated radial muscle displacement. As the relationship between twitch displacement and associated torque is poorly understood, it is unclear how it is affected by post-activation potentiation and muscle fatigue. This study investigated how the interaction of potentiation and fatigue affects the rectus femoris (RF) twitch displacement and associated torque.

Materials and methods

Sixteen resistance-trained men (n = 8) and women (n = 8) performed two sets of five and five sets of ten seated maximum voluntary isometric knee extensions to induce potentiation and fatigue. Twitch displacement and torque were measured at baseline before the first set, after each set, and every 2 min for 15 min after the last set.

Results

The exercise effectively induced potentiation and fatigue as peak twitch torque increased by 44.1% after the first set, decreased by 32.9% after the last set and remained decreased by 26.4% after 15 min. Twitch displacement was considerably less affected by the exercise. Consequently, TMG parameters could not accurately detect potentiated or fatigued participants as indicated by the peak twitch torque.

Discussion

The TMG parameters’ insufficient diagnostic accuracy likely resulted from a reduced signal-to-noise ratio at 90° knee flexion and the associated longer muscle length of the RF, compared to more extended knee angles commonly employed in TMG studies. These results highlight an important methodological consideration as the joint angle, i.e. muscle length, appears to influence the TMG parameters’ ability to detect exercise-induced changes in contractile properties.