bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐HYDROXY AND 5,6‐DIHYDROXY DERIVATIVES OF SPIRO(INDAN‐2,2′‐PYRROLIDINE), RIGID ANALOGS OF TYRAMINE AND DOPAMINE RESPECTIVELY
Authors: CROOKS P. A. , ROSENBERG H. E.
Published: April 2016

Zur Cyclisierun der aus N‐Benzoyl‐prolin (I) und den entsprechenden Benzylchloriden erhältlichen Kondensationprodukte (II) werden je nach der Substitution unterschiedliche Verfahren angewendet: (IIa) läßt sich nur als Säurechlorid mit AlCl3 zu dem Spiroindan [′16 ′ o (III durch Erhitzen mit Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid in Benzol zu (IIIb) und (IIc) nur durch Erhitzen mit PPA zu einem Gemisch der Isomeren (IIIc) und (IIId) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION BETWEEN N‐ALKYLPYRROLES AND ALKYLLITHIUM REAGENTS. THE ROLE OF NITROGEN SUBSTITUENT, SOLVENT, ALKYLLITHIUM, AND COMPLEXING AGENTS
Authors: CHADWICK D. J. , CLIFFE I. A.
Published: April 2016

Die N‐Alkylpyrrole (I) wurden mit BuLi unter verschiedenen Bedingungen metalliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DERIVATIVES OF EXO‐TRIMETHYLENENORBORNANE. II
Authors: LONGOBARDI M. , BONDAVALLI F. , RANISE A. , SCHENONE P.
Published: April 2016

Das Keton (I) reagiert mit Ameisenester/Natrium zur Formyl‐Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF 1,2,3,4‐THIATRIAZOLES. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐OXO‐Δ4‐1,2,4‐THIADIAZOLIN‐5‐YL UREAS
Authors: KAUGARS G. , RIZZO V. L.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der 5 stehen über Zwischenstufen der Art (III) Eliminierung von Stickstoff die Thiadiazolinyl bis (XI) hergestellt und in (VII) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES (“9‐DEAZAPURINES”) VIA 3‐AMINO‐2‐CARBOALKOXYPYRROLES
Authors: LIM M. I. , KLEIN R. S. , FOX J. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Cyanoacetaldehyden (I) und den Glycinestern (II) entstehen die Enamine (III), die mit Ethylat zu (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES (9‐DEAZAPURINES) BY THE 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF FERVENULIN 4‐OXIDES WITH ACETYLENIC ESTERS
Authors: SENGA K. , ICHIBA M. , NISHIGAKI S.
Published: April 2016

Fervenulin‐4‐oxid (Ia) sowie die analogen Verbindungen (Ib)‐(Id) reagieren mit Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester (II) in Toluol in Gegenwart von Spuren Wasser über ausführlich diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu 9‐Desaza‐purinen (IIIa)‐(IIId), die z.Tl. zu (IVa)‐(IVc) methyliert und dann zu (V) hydrolysiert und decarboxyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROGEN BRIDGEHEAD COMPOUNDS. PART 7: SYNTHESIS OF ANTI‐ATHEROSCLEROTIC PYRIDO(1,2‐A)PYRIMIDINES
Authors: HEMECZ I. , MEZRAROS Z. , VASVARI‐DEBRECZY L. , HORVATH A. , VIRAG S. , SIPOS J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Pyridopyrimidinen (I) entstehen durch Erhitzen mit Glyoxalsäure (II) die in 9‐Stellung substituierten Derivate (III) (R4 = H) die zu (IV) hydriert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. 48. SYNTHESIS OF MULTIHETEROMACROCYCLES CONTAINING THE 4,6‐PYRIMIDINO MOIETY CONNECTED BY CARBON‐OXYGEN AND/OR ‐SULFUR LINKAGES
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , NAYAK A. , SORCI M. G. , BENTON W. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von 4,6‐Dichlorpyrimidin (I) mit verschiedenen Polyethylenglykolen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METHYLENESILANES. III. EXPERIMENT ON THE PREPARATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF METHYLENESILANES H2SI:CH2, D2SI:CH2, AND ME(H)SI:CH2
Authors: AUNER N. , GROBE J.
Published: April 2016

H2Si=CH2 und D2Si=CH2 werden im Gemisch mit Ethen und Propen durch Gasphasenpyrolyse bei niedrigen o‐ oder 1,3‐Disilacyclobutanen in guter Ausb. Drücken aus den entsprechenden Mon ′ h identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL IONS. XXX. REDUCTION OF R3SIO SUBSTITUTED BENZENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BOCK H. , KAIM W.
Published: April 2016

Die Keau ′ t. Reduktion R3SiO‐su zole mitKalium /Kronenether (1 8‐crowntionl,2,4,5‐′Me3Si/Me3SiO‐substituierter‐Ben liefert stabile Radikalanionen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME PROPERTIES OF DIALKYLAMIDOALKYL‐, CYCLOALKYL‐, AND ARYLPHOSPHONOUS ACID ESTERS
Authors: ANDREEV N. A. , GRISHINA O. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Diamide (III) lassen sich aus den Dichlophosphinen (I) und Diethylamin (II) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐ARYLAMINO DERIVATIVES OF BENZYLDIETHYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE
Authors: KOZLOV N. S. , PAK V. D. , BRITAN E. A.
Published: April 2016

Schiffsche Basen (IV) setzen sich mit Diethyl‐phosphinigsäure (II), die man intermediär durch Hydrolyse des Diethyl‐chlorphosphins (I) erhält, zu Phosphinoxiden (V) um.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYL)‐P‐N′,N′‐DIMETHYLAMINOPYRIDINIUM AS AN ACTIVE PHOSPHORYLATING DERIVATIVE OF DIPHENYLPHOSPHORIC ACID
Authors: ZARYTOVA V. F. , IVANOVA E. M. , KNORRE D. G. , LEBEDEV A. V. , REZVUKHIN A. I. , YARMOLINSKAYA E. V.
Published: April 2016

O,O‐Diphenyl‐chlorphosphat (I) setzt sich mit p‐Dimethylaminopyridin (II) leicht zur Verbindung (III)‐ um, die ein sehr wirksames phosphorylierendes Reagens darstellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FIVE‐COORDINATE COMPLEXES OF IRON(II) WITH SECONDARY PHOSPHINES
Authors: BRESSAN M. , RIGO P.
Published: April 2016

Fe(II)‐halogenide reagieren mit einem Überschuß an Methylphenylphosphin in Ethanol zu fünffach‐koordinierten, trigonal‐bipyramidalen Komplexen, die als Hexafluorophosphate (I) isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHIDO COMPLEXES. II. PHOSPHIDO AND BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)PHOSPHIDO COMPLEXES OF NICKEL
Authors: SCHAEFER H. +
Published: April 2016

Die l:l‐molare Umsetzun (I) mit Li‐bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐phosphid führt zu dem ersten Ni‐Komplex (II) mit einer terminalen Phosphid‐Gruppe.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER WITH CHLORIN DERIVATIVES
Authors: JUERGENS U. + , RUNTE L. , BROCKMANN H. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Es werden Umsetzungen von Chlorinderivaten mit dem zur Substitution bekannten Reagenz Chlormethyl(methyl)ether zur Einführung einer Methylgruppe in die Position 20 beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: MIGRATION OF TERT‐BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL PROTECTING GROUPS
Authors: JONES S. S. , REESE C. B.
Published: April 2016

Behandelt man 5′‐O‐Acetyladenosin (I) mit einem Überschuß an t‐Butyldimethylchlorsilan und Imidazol in Acetonitrillösung, so erhält man mit 76% Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7‐(ACYLAMIDO)DEACETOXYCEPHALOSPORANIC ACIDS AND CORRESPONDING PIVALOYLOXYMETHYL ESTERS. CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: TINTI M. O. , FORESTA P. , QUARESIMA E. , DEWITT P. , RAMACCI M. T.
Published: April 2016

7‐Amino‐desacet‐ oxy‐cephalosporan‐säure (I) reagiert mit Säurehalogeniden (II) bzw. (IV) zu den Amiden (III) bzw. (V) und mit Pivaloylsäure‐chlormethylester (VII) zum Ester (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: THE ANALYSIS OF RIVER WATER FOR METAL IONS (LEAD, CADMIUM AND COPPER) BOTH IN SOLUTION AND ADSORBED ON SUSPENDED PARTICLES
Authors: SALIM R. , COOKSEY B. G.
Published: April 2016

Es wird eine Methode zur Unterscheidung zwischen frei in Lösung vorliegenden und adsorbierten Pb‐, Cd‐ und Cu‐Ionen im Flußwasser entwickelt, die auf einer Kombination der "anodic stripping"‐Voltammetrie und Zentrifugieren beruht.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF THE S3N2+ RADICAL CATION IN S3N2+SO3CF3‐.1/2CH3CN AND OF S3N2(NSO2F)
Authors: KREBS B. , HENKEL G. , POHL S. , ROESKY H. W.
Published: April 2016

1/2 MeCN (I und von S3N2(NSO2F) (II) werden anhand von Röntgen‐Einkristalluntersuchungen bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE LOCALIZED CORROSION OF RESISTANT ALLOYS IN CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors: SEMINO C. J. , PEDEFERRI P. , BURSTEIN G. T. , HOAR T. P.
Published: April 2016

Nach einer potentiostatischen Kratztechnik werden die Bruchspotentiale von nichtrostendem Stahl 304, Incoloy, Inconel 600, Monel 400 und Hastelloy C in Chloridlösung bei pH 8 als Funktion der Chloridaktivität, der Temp. und des Kaltverformungsgrades gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE OCTAHYDRATE (MG3(PO4)2.8H2O) AND ITS NEW POLYMORPHISM
Authors: KANAZAWA T. , UMEGAKI T. , SHIMIZU M.
Published: April 2016

Die Verbindung wird aus Na2HPO4‐ und MgSO4‐Lösungen bei pH 6.4‐7.0 mit Zusätzen an Ca(NO3)2, CuSO4, NiSO4, Gelatine oder Agar‐Agar durch Erhitzen auf 80‐90°C während 2‐48 h hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF HALOHYDRIN DERIVATIVES WITH A PALLADIUM(0) COMPLEX
Authors: SUGITA T. , SHIRAIWA Y. , HASEGAWA M. , ICHIKAWA K.
Published: April 2016

Die Stilbenbromhydrin‐Derivate (IIa) und Stilbendibromid (IIb) unterwerfen sich einer β‐Eliminierungsreaktion mit Tetrakjs‐[triphenylphosphin]‐Pd(0) unter Bildung von Stilben (I).
ChemInform Abstract: DECOMPOSITION OF 5‐ARYL‐5‐(TERT‐BUTYLPEROXY)‐3,4‐DIPHENYL‐2(5H)‐FURANONES
Authors: WEINBERG J. S. , MILLER A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Substitution an (Ia) mit tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid entsteht das Peroxid (Ib), das thermisch zu den Spaltprodukten (II) und (III) zerlegt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOSTIMULATED SRN1 REACTIONS OF PHENYL SELENIDE AND PHENYL TELLURIDE IONS WITH HALO‐ AND DIHALOARENES IN LIQUID AMMONIA
Authors: PIERINI A. B. , ROSSI R. A.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Na erhält man aus dem Diphenyldiselenid (I) das Selenophenolat (II), das photolytisch in Gegenwart von Alkylhalogeniden zu (III) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION SENSITIZED BY DYES IN HETEROGENEOUS PHASE
Authors: MARUYAMA K. , NARITA N.
Published: April 2016

Die Belichtung des Acetylbenzochinons (I) ergibt in Gegenwart von Rose Bengal als Sensibilisator in homogener Phase die Verbindung (II), die auch bei Belichtung von (I) in heterogener Phase (mit Rose Bengal beschichtetes SiO2) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALIPHATIC CARBOCATIONS. 12. ALKYL SHIFTS BETWEEN SECONDARY Y CARBON ATOMS
Authors: KIRMSE W. , PROLINGHEUER E.‐C.
Published: April 2016

Die Desaminierung des Amins (I) führt über das Diazoniumion (II), dessen Zerfall die Alkohole (III) als Hauptprodukt (durch 1,2‐H‐Verschiebung), (IV) (durch Substitution) und (V) (durch Methylwanderung) liefert, wobei sowohl unterhalb als auch oberhalb der cmc threo‐ und erythro‐Form von (V) mit unterschiedlicher enantiomerer Reinheit entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIAL STEREODIFFERENTIATING REDUCTION OF THE CARBONYL GROUPS LOCATED ON THE C2 AXES OF GYROCHIRAL MOLECULES
Authors: NAKAZAKI M. , CHIKAMATSU H. , NAEMURA K. , NISHINO M. , MURAKAMI H. , ASAO M.
Published: April 2016

Zahlreiche polycyclische Oxo‐Verbindungen werden mikrobiologisch mit Curvularia lunata bzw. mit Rhodotorula rubra reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYMER‐BOUND SULFONYLHYDRAZINE FUNCTIONALITY. PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND REACTIONS OF COPOLY(STYRENE‐DIVINYLBENZENESULFONYLHYDRAZINE)
Authors: EMERSON D. W. , EMERSON R. R. , JOSHI S. C. , SORENSEN E. M. , TUREK J. E.
Published: April 2016

(Vernetzte) Polystyrole oder ihre Sulfonsäuren (I) bzw. (II) werden mit Chlorsulfonsäure in die Säure‐ Chloride (III) umgewandelt, aus denen die Hydrazide (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROMETALATION. 3. HYDROALUMINATION OF ALKENES AND DIENES CATALYZED BY TRANSITION METAL HALIDES
Authors: ASHBY E. C. , NODING S. A.
Published: April 2016

1‐Octen (I) reagiert mit Bis‐dialkylamino‐alan (II) in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren (III) zu den Addukten (IV), die mit Wasser zu Octan (V), in Gegenwart von Deuteriumoxid zu deuterierten Octanen (VI) oder mit Iod in Benzol zu isomeren Octyliodiden (VIIa) und (VIIb) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRATION OF BUTYL P‐HYDROXYBENZOATE BY PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF SODIUM NITRITE AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: USUI Y. , SHIMIZU H.
Published: April 2016

Die photochemische Reaktion von p‐Hydroxybenzoesäureester (I) in wäßriger Natriumnitritlösung bei Belichtung mit Hg 3650 Å führt zu der Nitroverbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE O‐DEMETHYLATION OF CATECHOL ETHERS. COMPARISON OF BORON TRIBROMIDE AND IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE
Authors: VICKERY E. H. , PAHLER L. F. , EISENBRAUN E. J.
Published: April 2016

Zahlreiche Brenzcatechinether (Ia), (IIa) und (IIIa) werden mit Trimethyliodsilan (IV) und Bortribromid (V) demethyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO METALATIONS. INTERMOLECULAR COMPETITION BETWEEN VARIOUS SUBSTITUENTS
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , LUTOMSKI K.
Published: April 2016

In Mischungen aus dem Phenyloxazolidin (I) und den substituierten Aromaten (II) wird durch Behandlung mit Butyllithium und Methyliodid der je nach dem Substituenten in (II) erhaltene Anteil an den Methylierungsprodukten (III) bzw. (IV) ermittelt, wobeiin der angegebenen Reihenfolge der Substituenten die Methylierung in (II) zu (IV) zunimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF VITAMIN D3. 4. SPECIFIC DEUTERATION AT C‐6 AND C‐19 OF VITAMIN D DERIVATIVES
Authors: REISCHL W. , ZBIRAL E.
Published: April 2016

Nach bereits bekannter Methode werden die biologisch interessanten Vitamin‐D3‐Abkömmlinge (I) in ihre α‐ und β‐Sulfonadduktgemische (IIA) und (IIB) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: COPPER‐CATALYZED NONAQUEOUS AMMONOLYSIS OF P‐CHLOROBENZOTRIFLUORIDE. EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FLUORIDE
Authors: SEIWELL L. P.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Ammonolyse von 4‐Chlor‐trifluormethylbenzol (I) in Gegenwart von Wasser entstehen je nach Bedingungen unterschiedliche Reaktionsgemische aus den Substitutionsprodukten (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF O‐THIOQUINONE METHIDES HAVING KETENE AMINAL, KETENE ACETAL, KETENE MONOTHIOACETAL, OR KETENE DITHIOACETAL GROUP
Authors: KANG K.‐T. , OKAZAKI R. , INAMOTO N.
Published: April 2016

"Reaktion des Thions (I) mit dem Diamin (II) liefert die Thiochinonmethide (III), die in monomerer Form vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINA ASSISTED ARYL CYANATION
Authors: DALTON J. R. , REGEN S. L.
Published: April 2016

Aromatische Halogenide (I) werden durch CuCN bei Zusatz von Aluminiumoxid zu den entsprechenden Nitrilen (II) substituiert.
ChemInform Abstract: LAYERED COMPOUNDS. LX. THE SYN‐ AND ANTI(3.3)(1,4)NAPHTHALENOPHANES
Authors: YOSHINAGA M. , OTSUBO T. , SAKATA Y. , MISUMI S.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclophane (V) (syn) und (VI) (anti) entstehen bei der Pyrolyse "des Disulfons (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF 5‐METHYLBENZO(A)PYRENE AND 11‐METHYLBENZO(A)PYRENE
Authors: BODINE R. S. , DAUB G. H.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Arylessigsäuren (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man über die Di‐Li‐Salze (II) mit Acetylchlo‐ rid (III) die Acetessigester (IV), die thermisch zu den Acetylverbindungen (Va) und (Vb) decarboxyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REARRANGEMENT OF 3‐PHENYLATED 2(3H)‐OXEPINONES IN ACIDIC MEDIA. FORMATION OF 5‐STYRYL‐2(5H)‐FURANONES
Authors: HOSHI N. , HAGIWARA H. , UDA H.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart eines Sensibilisators werden die Phenyloxepinone (I) zu einem Gemisch der Styrylfuranone (II) und (III) photolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF DIAZO ALKANES WITH THIOPHENE
Authors: GILLESPIE R. J. , PORTER A. E. A.
Published: April 2016

Thiophen (II) reagiert mit Diazoessigestern zu den Thiabicyclohexenen (I) bzw. (III), während Diazomalonester Rhodiumkatalysiert die stabilen Ylide (VII) liefert bzw. Kupfer‐katalysiert das 2‐substituierte Thiophen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF THE 2‐AMINOSPIRO(INDAN‐1,3′‐PYRROLIDINE) SYSTEM
Authors: STRASSER M. , LOUSLI H.‐R. , ZARDIN‐TARTAGLIA T.
Published: April 2016

Im Rahmen von Untersuchungen des Spiro[indan‐l ,3′‐pyrrolidin]‐Systems werden einige 2‐Amino‐Derivate synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FURAN DERIVATIVES. LXXXVI. REACTION OF TOSYLMETHYL ISOCYANIDE WITH METHYL 3‐SUBSTITUTED PROPIOLATES AS ACETYLENIC MICHAEL ACCEPTORS
Authors: SAIKACHI H. , KITAGAWA T. , SASAKI H.
Published: April 2016

Tosy1methylisocyanid (I) reagiert mit den Acetylenen (II) über die intermediär auftretenden Pyrrole (III) zu den N‐Vinylpyrrolen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,3‐TRIETHYL‐2‐METHYLENEINDOLINE
Authors: GAMON N. , REICHARDT C.
Published: April 2016

2‐Methylindol (I) wird mit Iodethan in EtOH alkyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITH EPOXIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF PENTAVALENT ORGANOANTIMONY COMPOUNDS
Authors: MATSUDA H. , NINAGAWA A. , NOMURA R.
Published: April 2016

Die Epoxide (V) reagieren mit Kohlendioxid in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren (I)‐(IV) zu den cyclischen Carbonaten (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ROUTES TO 1,5‐DIAZACYCLOOCTANES VIA 2,6‐DIOXO‐1,5‐DIAZABICYCLO(3.3.1)OCTANES
Authors: KEMP D. S. , SIDELL M. D. , SHORTRIDGE T. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Carboxy‐carbinol (I) erhält man das Dichlorderivat (III), das mit dem Pyrazolidinon (IV) zu (Va) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED QUINONES: REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESES OF SUBSTITUTED DIBENZO(B,D)PYRAN‐6‐ONES AND BENZO(B)NAPHTHO(D)PYRAN‐6‐ONES
Authors: MUELLER P. + , VENAKIS T. , EUGSTER C. H.
Published: April 2016

Das Chinon (I) reagiert mit den Phenolen (II) unter TFA‐Katalyse regiospezifisch zu den gelben Dibenzopyranonen (III), die mit AggO zu den orangeroten Chinonen (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATION OF THE AZO LINKAGE. SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLIC AZO COMPOUNDS, PRECURSORS OF 1,3‐DIYLS
Authors: LITTLE R. D. , CARROLL G. L.
Published: April 2016

Zur Herstellung cyclischer Azo‐Verbindungen (IV) wird die Spaltung zahlreicher N,N′‐Dicarbonester (III) unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH NITRILES. 55. CYCLIZATION OF MALONONITRILE OLIGOMERS WITH AMIDINES
Authors: JUNEK H. , MITTELBACH M. , THIERRICHTER B.
Published: April 2016

Das dimere Malonodinitril (I) wird mit dem Amidin (II) zum Pyridinderivat (IIIa) cyclisiert, das stufenweise zum Amid (IIIb) und zur Carbonsäure (IIIc) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: β,β‐DIACYL ENAMINES AND ENOLS. 5. SYNTHESIS OF AMINOMETHYLENE‐Γ‐HALOACETOACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND THEIR RING CLOSURE REACTIONS TO GIVE 3‐HYDROXYPYRROLES, PYRIDO(1,2‐A)PYRIMIDINONES, AND 4‐QUINOLINONES
Authors: WOLFBEIS O. S. , JUNEK H.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation von γ‐Chloracetoacetaten bzw. ‐acetaniliden (III) mit Triethylorthoformiat und den prim. Anilinen (II) oder Aminopyridinen (IV) ergibt in einer einstufigen Synthese unter milden Bedingungen die ββ‐Diacylenamine (I) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOCYCLOHEPTENES AND HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL DRUGS. XIV. SYNTHESIS OF 7‐CHLORO‐5‐(6,7,8,9‐TETRAHYDRO‐5H‐BENZOCYCLOHEPTEN‐2‐YL)‐2‐(METHYLAMINO)‐3H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE 4‐OXIDE AND OF SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: VEJDELEK Z. , RAJSNER M. , SVATEK E. , HOLUBEK J. , PROTIVA M.
Published: April 2016

Basen‐katalysierte Kondensation von Chlornitrobenzol (I) mit dem Cyanmethylbenzocyclohepten (II) gibt das Benzisoxazol‐Derivat (III), das zu dem Aminophenon (IVa) reduziert wird; sein Oxim (IVb) (syn/anti‐Isomerengemisch) cyclisiert mit Chloracetylchlorid zu dem Chinazolinoxid (V), das mit Methylamin unter Ringerweiterung zu dem Benzodiazepinoxid (VI), und mit 1‐Methyl‐piperazin zu dem Chinazolinoxid (VII) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC DIMERIZATION LEADING TO A 14‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC RING. SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE
Authors: CYNKIER I. , GRONOWITZ S. , HOPE H. , LIDERT Z.
Published: April 2016

N‐Chlormethyl‐chloracetamid (I) reagiert mit Natriumthioacetat zu (IIa) und wird zum Dithjol (IIb) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SRN1 REACTIONS OF SOME PHOSPHORUS NUCLEOPHILES WITH IODO‐ AND BROMOBENZENE
Authors: SWARTZ J. E. , BUNNETT J. F.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Umsetzung mit Halogenaromaten (II) erhält man aus verschiedenen P(III)‐ Verbindungen entsprechende P(V)‐Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐ AND FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES. 39. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE (2 + 2) CYCLOADDITION OF KETONES TO AZAPHOSPHOLES
Authors: SHELDRICK W. S. , SCHOMBURG D. , SCHMIDPETER A. , VON CRIEGERN T.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Azaphosphole (I) mit den Ketonen (II) führt zu den stabilen [2+2]‐Cycloaddukten (III) mit pentakoordiniertem P‐Atom im Brückenkopf.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND GEOMETRIC ISOMERISM OF 2,5‐DIETHOXY‐5‐OXO‐1,3,2,5‐DIOXADIPHOSPHORINANE
Authors: NIFANT'EV E. E. , LEGIN G. YA. , SOROKINA S. F. , BORISENKO A. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Ethyldichlorphosphit (I) reagiert mit dem Bis‐(hydroxymethyl)‐ phosphinsäureethylester (II) zu einem neuen sechsgliedrigen heterocycljschen Ringsystem (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHODS FOR SYNTHESES OF METHYLSELENO ACETALS AND KETALS
Authors: CRAVADOR A. , KRIEF A.
Published: April 2016

Eine in situ aus Mezse, , LiAlH4 und SiClMe3 dargestellte Suspension von Methyltrimethylsilylselenid reagiert in CH‐C13 mit Carbonylverbindungen (I) nach Aufarbeitung zu den Titelverbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO METALATIONS. ADVANTAGE OF THE AMIDE FUNCTIONS
Authors: BEAK P. , BROWN R. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus den substituierten Benzamiden (I) entstehen mit Butyllithium die Salze (II), die mit deuteriertem Methanol zu (III) substituiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MERCURY SALTS WITH ACETYLENE SERIES α‐GLYCOLS. VIII. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐DIALKYL‐3‐BUTYNE‐1,2‐DIOLS AND THEIR REACTION WITH MERCURY(II) CHLORIDE
Authors: FABRITSKY A. , VIKHERT S.
Published: April 2016

Alkin‐diole (IIIa)‐(IIIf) erhält man aus den Hydroxyketonen (I) und den Alkinyl‐ Grignardverbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PARAMAGNETIC CARBENEMETAL COMPLEXES. PART 1. CATIONIC CHROMIUM(I) COMPLEXES AND THE CHEMISTRY OF THEIR CHROMIUM(0) PRECURSORS AND OF RELATED MOLYBDENUM(0) AND TUNGSTEN(0) COMPLEXES, ESPECIALLY WITH BULKY CARBENE LIGANDS C(OR′)R (R = CH(SIME3)2 OR CH2SIME3)
Authors: LAPPERT M. F. , MCCABE R. W. , MACQUITTY J. J. , PYE P. L. , RILEY P. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbenmetall(0)‐Komplexe (II) werden ausgehend von den Hexacarbonylen (I) durch sukzessive Umsetzung mit entsprechenden Organyl‐Li‐ Verbindungen und Alkylierungsreagenzien dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES. II. REACTION OF (FEROCENYLMETHYL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM IODIDE WITH THIOL‐TYPE NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: ODA N. , UEDA T. , ITO I.
Published: April 2016

Der Ferrocenkomplex (I) reagiert in guten Ausbeuten mit Thiolverbindungen zu Ferrocenylmethylthioethern wie (III), (Va), (VIa) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF METAL‐METAL BONDS. POLYNUCLEAR COMPLEXES BY CLEAVAGE OF METAL‐METAL BONDS WITH FUNCTIONAL LIGANDS
Authors: LANGENBACH H.‐J. , ROETTINGER E. + , VAHRENKAMP H.
Published: April 2016

Wie von der Umsetzung mit Aminophosphinen bereits bekannt, werden die Metall‐Metall‐Bindungen in (I) durch Einwirkung des funktionellen Liganden Dimethyl‐dimethylaminoarsin unter Bildung der Verbindung (II) geöffnet.
ChemInform Abstract: 17,18‐CYCLO STEROIDS
Authors: BOGAN P. , GALL R. E.
Published: April 2016

Das Acetoxypregnanol (I) wird nach Überführung in den Iodoalkohol (II) zum Iodoketon (III) oxidiert, der ohne Isolierung sofort zum 17,18‐Cyclopregnanon (IV) ringgeschlossen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE COURSE OF THE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION/ISOMERIZATION REACTION OF STEROIDAL RING B OLEFINS IN THE 13β‐ AND 13α‐SERIES
Authors: ACKLIN G. , GRAF W.
Published: April 2016

Der Verlauf der Hydrierung und Isomerisierung der Steroidolefine (I)‐(III), (V), (VII)‐(IX), (XI), (XIII), (XIV), (XVI), (XVII) unter den Bedingungen a) und b) hängt stark von der Konfiguration am C‐13 ab und führt im einzelnen zu den im Formelschema angegebenen Ergebnissen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW APPROACH TO 3β,11α,15α‐TRIHYDROXY‐5α‐CHOLESTAN‐7‐ONE, A KEY INTERMEDIATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF THE STEROIDAL MOIETY OF OOGONIOLS
Authors: ANASTASIA M. , FIECCHI A. , GARIBOLDI P. , SCALA A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Acetoxy‐ cho1estadienon (I) enstehen mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure die beiden Reaktionsprodukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF N‐SILOXYCARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF AMINO ACIDS
Authors: KOZYUKOV V. P. , MIRONOVA N. V. , MIRONOV V. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Aminosäuren (I) reagieren mit Hexamethyl‐disilazan (II) und Kohlendioxid (III) zu den Trimethylsilylestern der N‐Trimethylsiloxycarbonyl‐aminosäuren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SHIHUNINE AND DIHYDROSHIHUNINE
Authors: BODEM G. B. , LEETE E.
Published: April 2016

Brombenzoesäureester (I) kondensiert mit N‐Methylpyrrolidon (II) zum Acylderivat (III), das mit HBr zu (IV) umlagert und dann zu (V) hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF PHOSPHORUS YLIDES IN SUGAR CHEMISTRY. XLII. SEARCH FOR ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS
Authors: TRONCHET J. M. J. , VALERO M. J.
Published: April 2016

Oxidation des Uridins (I) nach Pfitzner‐Moffatt gibt das Dialdoribofuranosyluracil (II) (schwer zu reinigen), das in dem Reaktionsmedium mit den Phosphoranen (III) zu den Nucleosid‐Derivaten (E)‐(IV) reagiert; (E)‐(IVa) wird zu (V) hydrolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM(II) WITH DITHIZONE AND 1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE
Authors: AKAIWA H. , KAWAMOTO H. , YOSHIMATSU E.
Published: April 2016

Cd(II) wird quantitativ von Zn(II) durch ein Ionenpaarextraktionssystem getrennt.
The relationship between coping strategies, quality of life, and mood in patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , El‐Jawahri Areej , Fishbein Joel N. , Eusebio Justin , Stagl Jamie M. , Gallagher Emily R. , Park Elyse R. , Jackson Vicki A. , Pirl William F. , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Patients with incurable cancer face many physical and emotional stressors, yet little is known about their coping strategies or the relationship between their coping strategies, quality of life (QOL), and mood.

METHODS

As part of a randomized trial of palliative care, this study assessed baseline QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and coping (Brief COPE) in patients within 8 weeks of a diagnosis of incurable lung or gastrointestinal cancer and before randomization. To examine associations between coping strategies, QOL, and mood, we used linear regression, adjusting for patients' age, sex, marital status, and cancer type.

RESULTS

There were 350 participants (mean age, 64.9 years), and the majority were male (54.0%), were married (70.0%), and had lung cancer (54.6%). Most reported high utilization of emotional support coping (77.0%), whereas fewer reported high utilization of acceptance (44.8%), self‐blame (37.9%), and denial (28.2%). Emotional support (QOL: β = 2.65, P < .01; depression: β = –0.56, P = .02) and acceptance (QOL: β = 1.55, P < .01; depression: β = –0.37, P = .01; anxiety: β = –0.34, P = .02) correlated with better QOL and mood. Denial (QOL: β = –1.97, P < .01; depression: β = 0.36, P = .01; anxiety: β = 0.61, P < .01) and self‐blame (QOL: β = –2.31, P < .01; depression: β = 0.58, P < .01; anxiety: β = 0.66, P < .01) correlated with worse QOL and mood.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with newly diagnosed, incurable cancer use a variety of coping strategies. The use of emotional support and acceptance coping strategies correlated with better QOL and mood, whereas the use of denial and self‐blame negatively correlated with these outcomes. Interventions to improve patients' QOL and mood should seek to cultivate the use of adaptive coping strategies. Cancer 2016;122:2110–6. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Ferritization of industrial waste water and microbial synthesis of iron‐based magnetic nanomaterials from sediments
Authors: Teremova M.I. , Petrakovskaya E.A. , Romanchenko A.S. , Tuzikov F.V. , Gurevich Yu L. , Tsibina O.V. , Yakubailik E.K. , Abhilash
Published: April 2016

The precipitation of iron and associated heavy metals in industrial waste water and in model solution using ferritization and aerobic bacterial culture was investigated. Magnetic sediments extractable by magnetic separation (specific saturation magnetization of 16–36.8 G cm3/g) were produced by precipitation of iron by ferritization method at рН (8–10) and 60–80°С for 15–30 min. Nanoparticles of ferrihydrite or ferric hydroxide doped with associated metals (Co, Ni) were produced under precipitation of ferric iron in model solution with bacteria at the temperature 26–34°С. The radii of synthesized particles are 1–5 nm and nanoparticles of ferrihydrite are superparamagnetic in both un‐doped and doped (Co, Ni, Zn) sets. Dispersed structure of biogenic nanoparticle sols, their magnetic and other properties were studied by atomic force microscopy, X‐ray small‐angle scattering, X‐ray diffraction, electron magnetic resonance, Mössbauer and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1407–1414, 2016
Energy Storage Likely to Increase in Utility Resource Planning
Authors: Higgins Mark , Burgess Ed , Ehrlich Bill
Published: April 2016

Today energy storage is a diverse asset class, and technological advances and rapid cost declines have now resulted in a wide array of energy storage technologies increasingly being deployed on utility systems across the country. Utilities from Hawaii to New York have been finding energy storage an extremely attractive and cost‐effective way to solve grid needs.
As Oneok Drew Regulatory Line for Gas, So Does EPSA for Electricity
Authors: Sabino Anthony Michael
Published: April 2016

Quite recently in these pages, we discussed a then‐new Supreme Court decision carefully parsing the respective boundaries of federal oversight compared to state regulation of the natural gas industry.1 But what about the electricity industry? Does not that segment of the energy sector deserve equal consideration from the Supreme Court on the crucial matter of who is authorized to regulate its operations?
Intraoral technique for locking reconstruction plate fixation using an implant handpiece with adapted drills
Authors: Haas Orion Luiz , Scolari Neimar , Meirelles Lucas da Silva , Becker Otávio Emmel , Melo Marcelo Fernandes Santos , Viegas Vinícius Nery , de Oliveira Rogério Belle
Published: April 2016

Background

Locking reconstruction plates are used in the treatment of jaw trauma and diseases if there is a need for surgical resection and to prevent pathologic fracture after tumor excision. Fixation is typically performed using an extraoral approach.

Methods

This article describes a technique for the intraoral fixation of locking reconstruction plates that uses prototyping to model the plate before the procedure as well as an implant handpiece with adapted drills for bone drilling and the insertion of screws into relatively inaccessible areas.

Conclusion

Intraoral fixation not only prevents nerve damage and facial scarring but also minimizes the plate's risk of extraoral exposure and reduces surgical morbidity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1436–1439, 2016
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Future Hydrologic Cycle of the Han River Basin in South Korea Using a Grid‐Based Distributed Model
Authors: Ahn So Ra , Kim Seong Joon
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic cycle of the Han River Basin in South Korea using the Projection of Hydrology via the Grid‐based Assessment for Climate Change (PGA‐CC) model. PGA‐CC is a physically based continuous, long‐term, distributed model. The model was calibrated and validated using 9 years (2001–2009) of inflow data from two sub‐basins to reservoirs (the Chungju Reservoir and Soyang Reservoir) in the Han River Basin with a 4 km spatial resolution. The average Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiencies of the Chungju and Soyang reservoirs were 0.57 and 0.71, and the average coefficients of determination were 0.65 and 0.72, respectively. The applicability of the PGA‐CC model was tested by assessing the future river basin hydrology with the HadGEM3‐RA AR5 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. The annual total discharge from the RCP 4.5 scenario in the 2080s showed a change of up to +33.0% based on the 1070 mm yr−1 value from the baseline period (1980–2009) due to a +28.1% increase in precipitation. The annual evapotranspiration from the RCP 8.5 scenario showed an increase of up to 46.2% compared to the baseline period of 357 mm yr−1 due to a temperature increase of 5.4 °C. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital Curation: A Framework to Enhance Adolescent and Adult Literacy Initiatives
Authors: Sharma Sue Ann , Deschaine Mark E.
Published: April 2016

Digital curation provides a way to transcend traditional academic fields of study and create instructional materials available to support adolescent and adult literacy initiatives. The instructional capabilities that Web 2.0 tools offer provide curators with the ability to reach audiences in a way that has not been possible in the past. The authors propose a digital curation framework for teachers to use as they collect, categorize, critique, conceptualize, and circulate resources. Based on this framework, the authors identify 10 valuable Web 2.0 tools that are available for effective content literacy digital curation.
From Keats to Kanye: Romantic Poetry and Popular Culture in the Secondary English Classroom
Authors: Bowmer Megan E. , Curwood Jen Scott
Published: April 2016

This case study examined a Romanticism unit within a Year 9 English class in Sydney, Australia. It considered whether popular culture could build connections between students’ lives and Romanticism, and whether the process of remixing ‘high’ Romantic poetry with ‘low’ popular culture could foster student engagement. Thematic analysis of interview, survey, observation, and artifact data revealed three key findings. Firstly, through exploring popular culture texts, students believed Romantic concepts related to their world but not to them. Secondly, the extent to which students understood Romanticism through popular culture was influenced by personal, textual, and educational factors. Thirdly, students felt that the collaborative remixing process promoted freedom of expression. While many teachers are concerned that popular culture will displace canonical literature, this study found that this is not the case: incorporating popular culture is not an ‘either/or’ approach, but it is an enriching, complementary practice.
Characteristics of synovial fluid required for optimization of lubrication fluid for biotribological experiments
Authors: Galandáková Adéla , Ulrichová Jitka , Langová Kateřina , Hanáková Adéla , Vrbka Martin , Hartl Martin , Gallo Jiri
Published: April 2016

Wear testing of total joint replacement (TJR) is mandatory in preclinical testing before implantation of TJR into the human body. Testing is governed by current international standards that recommend bovine serum (BS) as a lubricating fluid to replace synovial fluid (SF). Recently, the use of BS has been criticized because of differences in content, fluid characteristics, and nonhuman origin. As a result, a more realistic lubricant mimicking SF is needed. To define SF composition, we analyzed SF obtained during revisions of total hip and knee arthroplasties and compared it with SF obtained during primary arthroplasties and from patients without TJR. Samples were acquired from 152 patients. We found that the median total protein concentration for all SF was 36.8 mg/mL, which is significantly higher than concentrations currently recommended by the ISO standards. The γ‐globulin concentration was significantly higher and the phospholipid concentration significantly lower in patients with revision of TJR compared with patients without TJR. No significant difference was found in hyaluronic acid concentration and viscosity among the groups. Our results support the need to improve the definition of a more clinically relevant wear testing lubricant in the ISO standards. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1422–1431, 2017.
Serum Thymosin β4 Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Authors: Liu Yongquan , Liu Meijuan , Shi Youkui , Liu Yuan
Published: April 2016

Objective

Inflammation is a potential mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Thymosin β4, a member of thymic protein family, exhibits an anti‐inflammatory effect. We determine to investigate whether serum thymosin β4 concentrations is correlated with the occurrence and disease severity of OSAS.

Methods

Serum thymosin β4 concentrations were examined in a cross‐sectional population including 158 patients with OSAS and 94 healthy subjects.

Results

Elevated serum thymosin β4 concentrations were found in OSAS patients than the controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between serum thymosin β4 concentrations and OSAS development. Severe OSAS patients showed increased serum thymosin β4 concentrations compared with mild and moderate patients. Spearman correlation analysis suggested that serum thymosin β4 concentrations were correlated with the severity of OSAS. Simple linear regression analyses showed that serum thymosin β4 in OSAS patients was correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, apnea hypopnea index, disease severity, and osteoarthritis development. Then multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that only disease severity remained to be associated with serum thymosin β4.

Conclusions

Serum thymosin β4 concentrations were correlated with the occurrence and severity of OSAS.
The experiences of risk managers in providing emotional support for health care workers after adverse events
Authors: Edrees Hanan , Brock Douglas M. , Wu Albert W. , McCotter Patricia I. , Hofeldt Ron , Shannon Sarah E. , Gallagher Thomas H. , White Andrew A.
Published: April 2016

Risk managers often meet with health care workers who are emotionally traumatized following adverse events. We surveyed members of the American Society for Health care Risk Management (ASHRM) about their training, experience, competence, and comfort with providing emotional support to health care workers. Although risk managers reported feeling comfortable and competent in providing support, nearly all respondents prefer to receive additional training. Risk managers who were comfortable listening to and supporting health care workers were more likely to report prior training. Health care organizations implementing second victim support programs should not rely solely on risk managers to provide support, rather engage and train interested risk managers and provide them with opportunities to practice.
The medical malpractice TPA: Taking it to the next level
Authors: Sicard Lauren E. , Ruzzo Loreto J. (“Larry”)
Published: April 2016

Risk managers whose organizations self‐insure their medical professional liabilities often find themselves dealing with their institution's third‐party administrator (TPA), the independent entity that manages claims against the organization and its employees. By understanding better the purpose and operations of a TPA, risk managers can enhance their organizations’ litigation outcomes while adding new tools to improve patient safety and quality of care. Viewing the TPA simply as an expense item to be reduced to its lowest possible level deprives the organization of a valuable resource in the form of high‐quality data on the drivers of professional liability losses. This article identifies the qualities found in an exceptional medical malpractice TPA and suggests ways to create an effective partnership that will reduce the total cost of claims while supporting the risk manager's mission.
On the influence of respiratory motion in radial tissue phase mapping cardiac MRI
Authors: Paul Jan , Wundrak Stefan , Hombach Vinzenz , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Rasche Volker
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To investigate the impact of respiratory motion on radial tissue phase mapping (TPM) measurements, and to improve image quality and scan efficiency without compromising velocity fidelity by increasing the respiratory acceptance window with and without motion correction.

Materials and Methods

A radial golden angle TPM sequence was measured in 10 healthy volunteers in three short axis slices at 3T. Ungated (
), self‐gated with a single acceptance window (
), motion‐corrected averaging using all (
), or selected (
) data reconstructions were compared by means of various image quality measures and resulting velocities.

Results

Using all data (
) resulted in significantly higher perceived signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) (P < 0.001), but significantly reduced sharpness (P < 0.001) and contrast (P = 0.02), when compared to
. Coefficient of variation (CV) and perceived sharpness were not significantly different (P > 0.05). With motion‐correction, perceived sharpness could be significantly improved (
: P = 0.002;
: P = 0.002) in comparison to
. Velocity peaks of
were significantly reduced compared to
(all peaks: P < 0.001; except the longitudinal “E” peak: P = 0.03). The peak velocities in
and
were not significantly different from
(all peaks: P > 0.08; except longitudinal “E”/“A” peaks: P > 0.01).

Conclusion

Free‐breathing reconstruction results in good perceived image sharpness and velocity information with slightly, but significantly, reduced peak velocities. For achieving velocities and image quality comparable to data from a single acceptance window, but higher gating efficiency, selected motion‐corrected TPM () can be applied. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1218–1228.
Love Is Blind: How Our Love for More Choice Costs Time
Authors: Rogge Nicky
Published: April 2016

The paper applies a multilevel modeling approach in the study of individual behavior in choice experiments. The purpose is to study the relationship between choice time and several features of the choice task such as the number of choice alternatives, amount of choice information, and (dis)similarity of the choice alternatives. A special focus is on the difference in choice time between individuals who frequently maximize in choice making and their counterparts who are habitually satisficing. In total, 15 choice experiments were conducted (three versions of choice experiments for five different choice stimuli: restaurant, holiday resort hotel, smartphone, job, and project partner). The results show that choice time increases as choice tasks are more complex. As to the people's maximizing tendency, no significant differences in choice time are found between maximizers and satisficers.
NLRB's View on Employers' “Union‐Free” Statements
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: April 2016

The National Labor Relations Board has been attacking numerous commonplace management policies in handbooks, but for now at least, it seems most carefully drafted statements expressing management's philosophy on maintaining union‐free status are safe. In a recent case, Custom Food Products, 99‐CA‐144165 (J.D.), Atl. – 13, 15 (2015), the employer published this statement.
Content: How to think ‘digital first’ in today's multiplatform world
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: April 2016

While our message of providing students a quality education so they can be successful in their careers and personal lives hasn't changed, how and where we deliver that message has. Online, in print, over the airwaves, through cable, on a billboard — there are many ways to communicate with your audience. And “online” isn't just computers and websites: It's smartphones, tablets, in emails, within apps, via texting, on social media. It's important, then, to think of maximizing your mediums — and reach — when creating content.
Understand your community's needs to serve your students
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2016

Anna Behar‐Russell's background as a program developer for California State University‐Long Beach came in handy when she made the transition to marketing for the university. As a program designer, she worked to develop a certificate program on campus, among other programming, an experience that led her to discover what kind of training needs were not being met in the community. It was an experience that helped shape her philosophy as director of marketing, communications and outreach for the College of Continuing and Professional Education at CSULB.
The effects of pre‐pregnancy BMI and maternal factors on the timing of adiposity rebound in offspring
Authors: Linares Jeannette , Corvalán Camila , Galleguillos Bárbara , Kain Juliana , González Laura , Uauy Ricardo , Garmendia María Luisa , Mericq Verónica
Published: April 2016

Objective

To assess the effect of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and other maternal factors on the timing of adiposity rebound (AR).

Methods

In this study, 594 mothers (mothers who do not have diabetes and not underweight) from the longitudinal Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study self‐reported their weights at the beginning and end of their pregnancies, and their heights were measured. Pre‐pregnancy BMI was categorized as normal weight, overweight, or obesity, and GWG was assessed according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. For children, weight and height measurements from 0 to 3 years were retrieved from records, and they were measured from age 4 to 7 years. BMI curves from 0 to 7 years were used to estimate the age at AR, which was categorized as early (<5 years), intermediate (5‐7 years), or late (>7 years). The associations between pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG and early AR were tested using logistic regression models.

Results

In total, 33% of the mothers had excess pre‐pregnancy weight, 31.2% exceeded Institute of Medicine recommendations, and 45% of children had early AR. The pre‐pregnancy BMI and parity were associated with earlier AR (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.11; OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.74‐0.99, respectively), but GWG was unrelated.

Conclusions

These results suggest that preventive strategies for promoting normal pre‐pregnancy BMI, especially in women's first pregnancies, could delay the timing of AR, with protective metabolic effects on offspring.
Probing the effect of anion structure on the physical properties of cationic 1,2,3‐triazolium‐based poly(ionic liquid)s
Authors: Obadia Mona M. , Fagour Sébastien , Vygodskii Yakov S. , Vidal Frédéric , Serghei Anatoli , Shaplov Alexander S. , Drockenmuller Eric
Published: April 2016

To extensively explore the influence of anion structure on the physical properties of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) a series of PILs having main‐chain 1,2,3‐triazolium cations was synthesized via copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) followed by N‐alkylation with iodomethane and anion metathesis with different metal salts, that is, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(CF3CF2SO2)2N, K(FSO2)2N, K(CF3SO2)N(CN), Ag(CN)2N, and sodium 4,5‐dicyano‐1,2,3‐triazolate. To isolate the effect of anion on physical properties of PILs, a common iodide precursor was used to maintain constant the average degree of polymerization (DPn) and chain dispersity. Detailed structure/properties relationship analyses demonstrated a lack of correlation between anion chemical structure, ionic conductivity, and glass transition temperatures. Among synthesized series, the PIL derivative having bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide counter anion showed the best compromise in performance: low glass transition temperature (Tg = −68 °C), high thermal stability (Tonset = 340 °C) and superior ionic conductivity (σDC = 8.5 × 10− 6 S/cm at 30 °C), which makes it an interesting candidate for various key modern electrochemical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2191–2199
Generalized Method for Gun Propellant Formulation Design
Authors: Sudarsan Nanduri V. , Das Samir K. , Naik Smita D.
Published: April 2016

Determination of propellant formulation by ballistic requirement is an important area of research in recent times. In this study, a theoretical method for the design of gun propellant formulation using primary data of ingredients and necessary thermochemical properties of the resultant propellant was established. The employed method is based on a mathematical model of thermochemical properties of the propellant by optimizing the heat of explosion of the propellant using the fmincon tool in MATLAB. A graphical user interface (GUI) based code was generated and developed for the formulation design of solid gun propellants. The designed code was verified by available data in the literature. Such code will be useful to the researchers working in the area of high energy materials for the design of unknown propellant compositions. Further, it can be extended to redesign the existing propellant formulation in order to enhance the ballistic performance.