bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS DAMPAK ADIKSI INTERNET PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER DI INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN TEORI KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Putri Nadya Berliana , Romli Nada Arina
Published: April 2021

AbstrakTwitter merupakan salah satu platform media sosial terkemuka di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri, penggunaannya sangat luas mulai dari update status, hiburan sampai berbisnis. Tak heran, berbagai kalangan sangat senang menggunakan media sosial ini. Namun, terdapat dampak dari penggunaan yang terus menerus. Maka dari itu, penulisan artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak adiksi internet pada media sosialÂ  Twitter di Indonesia dengan pendekatan teori komunikasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Komunikasi Media Baru oleh Daniel Harries dan Teori Komunikasi Interpersonal oleh Young Yun Kim dan William Gudykunst. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kajian pustaka yang memfokuskan pada data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Twitter memanfaatkan proses pembelajaran berbasis bakat alami kita yaitu pemicu, perilaku, dan penghargaan. Kita memiliki ide atau memikirkan sesuatu yang lucu (pemicu), tweet (perilaku), dan menerima likes dan retweet (hadiah). Proses belajar ini menyebabkan aliran dopamin di pusat-pusat otak. Semakin banyak kita melakukan ini, semakin perilaku ini semakin diperkuat bahkan karena kuatnya kebanyakan orang memilih untuk tidak tidur (atau susah tidur) karena euforia yang dirasakan.Kata-kata kunci: Adiksi internet; perilaku; media sosial; teori komunikasi; twitter.AbstractTwitter is one of the leading social media platforms throughout the world. In Indonesia, its use is very wide ranging from status updates, entertainment, to business. Not surprisingly, various groups are very happy to use social media. However, there is an impact of continuous use. Therefore, the writing of this article aims to analyze the impact of internet addiction on Twitter's social media in Indonesia with a communication theory approach. Theories used in this research are New Media Communication Theory by Daniel Harries and Interpersonal Communication Theory by Young Yun Kim and William Gudykunst. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach where data collection techniques use literature review that focuses on secondary data. The results of this study indicate that Twitter makes use of our natural talent-based learning process, namely triggers, behaviors, and rewards. We have ideas or think of something funny (triggers), tweet (behavior), and receive likes and retweets (gifts). This learning process causes the flow of dopamine in the centers of the brain. The more we do this, the more amplified this behavior is, even because most people choose not to sleep (or have trouble sleeping) because of the euphoria they feel. Keywords:Â  Internet addiction; behavior; social media; communication theory; twitter.
Role of Panchamooladya Choorna in Grahani Roga (irritable bowel syndrome)-pilot study
Authors: Patil Akshaya
Published: April 2021

Lifestyle disorders like unhealthy dietary habits, physical habits, disturbed sleep and rest patterns are the principal factors that cause many digestion related disease. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is also one such disease which occurs due to the ingestion of unwholesome diet causing disturbances in Agni. According to Ayurvedic science, this disease can be considered as a Grahani roga. So we may consider IBS as Grahani roga. Various herbal medications and panchakarma (biopurification) procedures are described in the treatment of Grahani roga though there is no reliable medical treatment for IBS in modern medicine; various efforts have been made to overcome this problem by the virtue of Ayurvedic therapy. The present study was done to assess the efficacy of Panchmooladya choorna with Takra(buttermilk) as anupan in Group A(10Patients) and Group B(10Patients)with luke warm water as anupan in management of Grahani roga in total of 20patients.The results of therapy were assessed by various parameters after 1month with follow up of 15days.The result concluded that Panchmooladya choorna with Takra as anupan reduced the symptoms of Grahani rog as compared to Group B.
“Study of therapeutic effect of Kushmand Khanda in Urdhwaga Amlapitta: Randomize Clinical Trial”
Authors: Yadav Anil Sureshchandra
Published: April 2021

The prevalence rate of GERD in Indian people is around 7.6% and annual cases up to 10 million. Also the annual incidence rate of PUD was 0.10 to 0.19 % for physician diagnosed PUD and 0.03 - 0.17% when based on hospitalization data. Though the society is getting more advances but it’s on the cost of many GI related Problems. Work full of stress, uneven eating habits, shift duties, quality and quantity of food, various bad habits- tobacco, alcohol etc are causing many serious health related issue. We can find Amlapitta is getting more common nowadays.  As we take a dip into the Samhita we may not find much about Amlapitta in Bruhtrayi but laghutrayi has covered it in every aspect. Its a disease of Annvaha srotasa.
Critical Review on Mana Paribhasha
Authors: Sujata Sankpal
Published: April 2021

The measurement has become the base for foundation of all science. In Ayurveda such a study concerning the dose and administration of drugs are dealt in Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana. In ancient era acharyas had such a wonderful parameter which are perfect in this era too. In this article the ancient methods of Mana like Magadha Mana and Kalinga Mana are comparatively discussed. Three Types of Mana based on nature of substance that is Pautava mana, Druvaya Mana and Payya mana are very useful in Aushadha Nirman and also in Aushadha sevan matra.
Clinical use of Bakuchi in Switra w. s. r. to Vitiligo.
Authors: MALI PRAVIN
Published: April 2021

Shwitra is considered in dreadful and hating state. One to four percent population is suffering in world. It produces mental discomfort. A 3½ years old boy had suffering white patches over arm and shoulder. Bakuchi Churna 500 mg twice in a day with warm water and area in morning sunlight for one year by follow up every month. The assessment criteria were size and color of the patches. The effect of drug is to enhance the proliferation of melanocyte.The use of Bakuchi along with sunlight is very effective. The color of lesion becomes red and sizes of lesion also diminishes.
Rationale of Sansarjan krama in terms of Modern Dietetics and Modern Physiology.
Authors: Patade Vishwajeet
Published: April 2021

In the Ayurveda the prime importance has been given to shodhana karma for the complete elimination of the disease which includes purva karma, pradhana karma and paschat karma (post procedural regimen). As the purva karma helps to movement of the doshas and pradhana karma helps to forceful elimination of doshas, paschat karma has given the equal importance to retain the strength of the agni. The theoretical and practical way of giving Sansarjana krama, its importance and its relation with modern physiology and dietetics has been discussed in this paper.
An overlook on various causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Authors: Patil Ratnaraj
Published: April 2021

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which is classified as a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is a chronic condition of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Not easily characterized by structural abnormalities, infection, or metabolic disturbances, the underlying mechanisms of IBS have for many years remained unclear. Recent research, however, has lead to an increased understanding of IBS. As a result, IBS is now considered an organic and, most likely, neurologic bowel disorder. The symptoms of the condition do not leave any visible signs of damage or disease on the digestive tract, making IBS hard to study microscopically. In this article we have tried to give an overlook over the causes of IBS.
A review of importance of Dhyan (Meditation) and Pranayama in Nidranash (Insomnia)
Authors: Parteti Swati , Tiwari Prerana
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Sleep is naturally occurring process of human being which needs no instruction in normal state. Sleep helps in rejuvenation and nourishment of body, after every day’s exhaustion. But civilization has brought many more changes and human has contracted improper methods and attitude of life style which has hampered natural and correct practice of sleep. Dhyan and Pranayama are two procedures out of eight yog stated in Yogdarshana. These procedures have their impact through regulation of prana (respiration) and concentration of mind. Here in this article importance of dhyan and pranayama in the most common sleeping disorder, insomnia according to modern studies, known as Nidranash in Ayurved texts, is discussed.
Keywords: Nidra, Nidranash, sleep disorders,  Pranavayu, Dhyan, Pranayama.
A PREVENTION OF LIFE STYLE DISORDER THROUGH AYURVEDA (NIDAN PARIVARJAN, RASAYAN)
Authors: KANDIKATTIWAR PRIYANKA
Published: April 2021

To live a long and healthy life is every individual’s wish. Due to changing lifestyle and thus not able to follow the rules of dietetics human beings are forced to age prematurely with many psychological and physical illnesses. Diet  and  life  style  are  major  factor  thought influence  susceptibility  to  many  diseases. Disease can be caused by the way a person or group of people lives. Poor lifestyle choices, such as smoking, overuse of alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, stress, working conditions can change a person’s lifestyle to increase their risk of imbalance of dosha and dhatu in body causes developing many of these diseases. Above said are key contributors in the development and progression of chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, Stroke. In this condition Ayurveda advocates maintaining health through nidanparivarjan, and rasayana.
A simple formalism Artificial intelligence-based to represent knowledge in a multi-agent planning context
Authors: Ben Imane
Published: April 2021

At the start of the simulation, the agent knows nothing about how the dynamics of interaction with the environment unfold, or what causes his sensations. He does not distinguish obstacles from free paths, and he does not know the consequences implied by his actions. Under these conditions, the CALM mechanism was able to converge steadily towards the expected solution, by building a model of the world adequate to represent the regularities of the environment, the regularities of its bodily sensations, as well as to represent the influence regular actions on both. The agent learns about the consequences of his actions in different situations, which are represented by a reduced number of very general diagrams. From them, the mechanism can build an action policy that allows it to avoid affectively negative situations and to seek those that are affectively positive. This solution manages to describe precisely all the regularities that the agent can perceive without building a complete plan of the environment.
A constraint programming algorithm for finding leximin-optimal allocations
Authors: Muin Rahmatullah
Published: April 2021

In the context of constraint programming, we propose an algorithm solving the following problem: allocate in an equitable and efficient way a finite set of objects to agents each having their own utilities, under admissibility constraints. The algorithm calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents. We also describe the field of application that motivated this work: the sharing of satellite resources. We extract a simple and precise problem of fair allocation, which serves as a basis, thanks to a generator of test sets, for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Two implementations of the algorithm are compared, one in "pure" constraint programming, with Choco, the other in mixed linear programming with Cplex.
Object detection and object classification using machine learning Algorithms
Authors: Racheed Dora , Muin Rahmatullah , Jaylan Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Urban objects are characterized by a very variable representation in terms of shape, texture and color. In addition, they are present multiple times on the images to be analyzed and can be stuck to each other. To carry out the automatic localization and recognition of the different objects we propose to use supervised learning approaches. Due to their characteristics, urban objects are difficult to detect and conventional detection approaches do not offer satisfactory performance. We proposed the use of a wide margin separator network (SVM) in order to better merge the information from the different resolutions and therefore to improve the representativeness of the urban object. The use of an SVM network makes it possible to improve performance but at a significant computational cost. We then proposed to use an activation path making it possible to reduce complexity without losing efficiency. This path will activate the network sequentially and stop the exploration when the probability of detecting an object is high. In the case of a location based on the extraction of characteristics then the classification, the computational reduction is a factor of five. Subsequently, we have shown that we can combine the SVM network with feature maps from convolutional neural networks.
An algorithm to calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents
Authors: Bouveret Sylvain , Lemaître Michel
Published: April 2021

Allocating a limited set of resources equitably and efficiently to agents each with their own preferences is a general problem of considerable significance. Many examples of this problem are commonly found, among which we can cite the construction of schedules, the sharing of communication networks, the management of airport resources involving several companies, the sharing of airspace between different users, sharing of satellite resources. In the context of constraint programming, we propose an algorithm solving the following problem: allocate in an equitable and efficient way a finite set of objects to agents each having their own utilities, under admissibility constraints. The algorithm calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents. We also describe the field of application that motivated this work: the sharing of satellite resources. We extract from it a simple and precise problem of fair allocation, which serves as a basis, thanks to a generator of test sets, for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Two implementations of the algorithm are compared, one in "pure" constraint programming, with Choco, the other in mixed linear programming with Cplex.
¿Qué influencia ha tenido y tiene el anarquismo en américa latina?: Un análisis desde finales del siglo xix hasta nuestros días
Authors: Battistessa Diego
Published: April 2021

En el presente artículo, a través de las aportaciones de Daniel Barret (seudónimo de Rafael Spósito Balzarini), profesor universitario y reconocido militante anarquista uruguayo, del filósofo y profesor universitario argentino Ángel J. Cappelletti y del venezolano Nelson Enrique Méndez Pacheco, se profundizará y analizará la historia del anarquismo en Latinoamérica. Se pondrá el acento en sus diferentes etapas, llegando posteriormente a dibujar un mapa geográfico que permita entender la difusión regional de este pensamiento político. Los tres escritos a analizar datan de 1990 (Cappelletti), 2007 (Barret) y 2012 (Pacheco) y detallan tanto la situación de la cuestión del pensamiento anarquista en la región, así como los origines del mismo, a partir del siglo XIX.
Reflexiones acerca de la agenda pendiente del derecho procesal penal
Authors: Torres Manrique Jorge Isaac
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los antecedentes teóricos de la responsabilidad ambiental empresarial, así como, conceptualizar y establecer el surgimiento de esta, también, se identificará el marco normativo internacional y Latinoamericano que sustenta a la responsabilidad ambiental que las empresas deben de tener con la sociedad y con el medio ambiente. Se aplicó el método de análisis documental y el método jurídico exegético, con un enfoque cualitativo, diseño no experimental, bajo un nivel documental bibliográfico transversal. Tras la revisión documental se observó que; el estudio de la responsabilidad ambiental empresarial es relativamente nuevo encontrándose los primeros estudios en los años noventa, además, es considerada como parte de la responsabilidad social empresarial, por otra parte, se encontró que la responsabilidad ambiental que las empresas deben de tener tiene su sustentación jurídica en diversos tratados y declaraciones internacionales. Se concluye que se necesitan instrumentos legales que conviertan a la responsabilidad ambiental empresarial como un acto de obligatorio cumplimiento y no como un acto voluntario.
La megacorrupción y su impacto en los regímenes políticos de América Latina
Authors: Robles Rosales Walter
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo el autor repasa brevemente el fenómeno de la corrupción desde Sócrates, siglo IV a. de C., hasta nuestros días, explicando sus implicancias políticas, económicas y sociales, hasta arribar al escenario contemporáneo de América Latina, describiéndose los medios relevantemente corruptos de importantes funcionarios públicos como jefes de Estado y de gobierno, ministros, magistrados, congresistas, empresarios, periodistas, entre otros, que al violentar el orden jurídico constitucional, no sólo se socava el Estado de derecho sino que ahuyenta inversiones, priva a las personas de sus derechos, esquilma las arcas del Estado, contribuye a la criminalidad e inseguridad ciudadana, fomenta la impunidad, agudiza la precariedad de sus instituciones e incrementa la fuga migratoria y de refugiados. Es decir, la ilicitud secuestra el Estado y corroe su gobernabilidad, convirtiendo a los pobres en más pobres y la desigualdad. Ante estos hechos, se propone una lucha frontal mediante una política de Estado que recupere no sólo bienes sino credibilidad y confianza cuyo fin debe ser el bien común.
SO2-generating pads reduce gray mold in clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Mühlbeier Débora Thaís , Ribeiro Luana Tainá ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Higuchi Maíra Tiaki ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Khamis Youssef ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Chaves Junior Osmar José ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Koyama Renata ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Roberto Sergio Ruffo ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate different SO2-generating pads and liners to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system. The treatments consisted of SO2-generating pads (slow release or dual release) and plastic liners with different perforations (microperforated; 2.0; 4.0 or 5.0 mm in diameter) and a control, only with the standard microperforated plastic liner. The packaged grapes were stored in a cold chamber at 1.0 ± 1.0 °C and 95% relative humidity. After 45 days, the grapes were removed from cold storage and placed, without liners and SO2-generating pads, for 3 days at room temperature (22.0 ± 1.0 °C). The evaluations occurred at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of cold storage, and the following variables were assessed: incidence of gray mold, mass loss, stem browning and shattered berries. At 3 days of shelf-life, the same variables were assessed, except mass loss. The completely randomized design was used as a statistical model with four replications, and each plot consisted of five bunches individually stored in ventilated clamshell-packaged. The dual release SO2-generating pads are efficient in controlling the gray mold in ‘Rubi’ table grapes regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, with low mass loss and shattered berries, with good conservation of the freshness of the rachis. The disease was efficiently controlled in both annual crops. The slow-release SO2-generating pads, regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, resulted in intermediate efficiency of gray mold control, with good physical quality of the bunches. Thus, the use of dual release SO2-generating pads is recommended to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes.
Effective Behavior of Nonlinear Microperiodic Composites with Imperfect Contact Via the Asymptotic Homogenization Method.
Authors: Décio Jr R. , Pérez-Fernández L. D. , Bravo-Castillero J.
Published: April 2021

The asymptotic homogenization method is applied here to one-dimensional boundary-value problems for nonlinear differential equations with rapidly oscillating piecewise-constant coefficients which model the behavior of nonlinear microperiodic composites, in order to assess the influence of interfacial imperfect contact on the effective behavior. In particular, a nonlinear power-law flux on the gradient of the unknown was considered. Several calculations were performed and are discussed at the end of this work, including a comparison of some results with variational ounds, which is also an important approach of this work.
ANÁLISE DA ATUAÇÃO DOS DOMÍNIOS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E RECURSOS HUMANOS EM UM ECOSSISTEMA EMPREENDEDOR
Authors: Santos Filho Luiz Antônio dos , Guimarães Liliane de Oliveira , Martins Henrique Cordeiro , Penna Luciana Branco
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atuação do Consórcio Público para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Paraopeba - CODAP, em Minas Gerais e das instituições de ensino e pesquisa da região no sentido de estimular atividades que permitam a diversificação econômica. Como base teórica foi utilizada a literatura sobre ecossistema empreendedor. A metodologia foi de natureza qualitativa, a partir de análise documental e 10 entrevistas com atores do CODAP e das instituições de ensino e pesquisa. Para a organização dos dados utilizou-se o software Nvivo, tendo sido feita a análise de conteúdo para interpretação dos dados. Ao verificar as ações do CODAP e das instituições de ensino e pesquisa para desenvolvimento da região constatou-se que essas têm o potencial de desenvolver um ambiente de negócios favorável à criação de empresas e que esse ecossistema poderá contribuir para a diversificação da economia local, tornando a região menos dependente das atividades minerárias.
Vermittlung als Entzweiung
Authors: Schäfer Alfred
Published: April 2021

Es sind mögliche und variable Kontexte, Gesichtspunkte oder narrative Rahmungen, in deren Licht etwas als wirklich, vernünftig oder wahr erscheint. Und trotz sozialer oder wissenschaftlicher Stabilisierungsversuche gibt es unter modernen Voraussetzungen kein letztes Kriterium mehr, um wahre von unwahren, adäquate von inadäquaten, richtige von falschen Kriterien für alle verbindlich zu unterscheiden. Die moderne ›Kontingenz der Kriterien‹ konfrontiert mit unauflösbaren Begründungsproblemen. Diese betreffen nicht nur Fragen unseres Selbstverständnisses oder der sozialen Beziehungen, sondern auch Fragen nach der Bedeutsamkeit unseres Wissens über die Welt.

Die Unausweichlichkeit und die Unauflösbarkeit dieser Fragen bestimmen die Philosophie Gerhard Gamms. Sie verweist auf die Unbestimmbarkeit der Subjektivität und auf die Grenzen einer sozialen Verständigung über das ethisch und rational Begründbare. Im Vergleich zu anderen Herangehensweisen, die ebenfalls Verhältnisse von Reflexivität und Kontingenz, von Sozialität und Singularität, von alltäglichem und wissenschaftlichem Wissen oder von Engagement und Begründung verhandeln, versuchen die Analysen Gamms zugleich die Möglichkeiten und Praktiken auszumachen, die ein widersprüchliches Verhältnis von Einheit und Trennung, von sozialer Integration und Entzweiung, von Begründung und Abgründigkeit vorstellbar und lebbar machen.

Die Frage nach den Bedingungen einer sozialen Integration, die zugleich deren systematische Grenzen einbezieht, ist ein zentrales Thema der modernen bildungstheoretischen Reflexion. Die Philosophie Gamms erscheint hier bedeutsam, weil sie von den Grenzen einer zugleich notwendigen und kontingenten Begründbarkeit her denkt. Zugleich analysiert sie Praktiken des Umgangs, des Denkens und Urteilens, die einem ›Ethos der Vernunftkritik‹ verpflichtet sind.
Der Kaiser und das »Dritte Reich«
Authors: Pekelder Jacco , Schenk Joep , van der Bas Cornelis
Published: April 2021

Wie nahe kamen die Hohenzollern der NS-Bewegung? - Neue Fakten zu einer aktuellen Debatte.

Haben die Hohenzollern dem Nationalsozialismus »in erheblichem Maße Vorschub« geleistet? Über diese Frage wird in Deutschland derzeit diskutiert. Ausgehend von den publik gewordenen Entschädigungsansprüchen der ehemaligen kaiserlichen Familie wird kontrovers über das Verhältnis der Hohenzollern zur NS-Bewegung gestritten.

Wilhelm II., seine zweite Frau Prinzessin Hermine, Prinz »Auwi«, Kronprinz Wilhelm, dessen Frau Cecilie, Louis Ferdinand: Sie alle engagierten sich mit unterschiedlicher Intensität in der rechten Szene der Weimarer Republik und der beginnenden NS-Herrschaft. Ging es allein um die Rückkehr an die Macht oder gab es auch ideologische Gemeinsamkeiten?

Im Rahmen einer Ausstellung des Museums Huis Doorn, des niederländischen Exilorts des letzten deutschen Kaisers, haben drei Historiker diese komplexen Fragen und die Debatte im heutigen Deutschland sorgfältig erörtert. Auch zeigen sie, dass

in den Niederlanden bereits direkt nach 1945 um das Geschichtsbild der Hohenzollern gestritten wurde.
Wound Dressing Application of Ch/CD Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Kandra Ranju , Bajpai Sunil
Published: April 2021

In this work, carbon dots (CDs), obtained through microwave assisted synthesis from butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA), was introduced into chitosan film via simple solvent casting approach. The CDs had an average diameter of 40 to 60 nm as determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. They possessed a zeta potential of −20.2 mV. The X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed presence of carboxylate groups on the surface of carbon dots. The XRD of both the plain sample Ch/CD (0) and carbon dots loaded sample Ch/CD(2) showed two crystalline sharp peaks at 14.6 and 18.1 degree, along with presence of amorphous region also. The moisture absorption data was well fitted on GAB isotherm and the profiles obtained were sigmoidal. The water vapor permeation rates for the sample Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) were found to be 1758 and 956 g/m2 /day respectively. The film samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(20 expanded 2.8 and 103 times when immersed in 4% gelatin solution for 4 h. The % hemolysis for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) was 2.12 and 1.11 respectively, thus indicating biocompatible nature of the films. In the ex-vivo mucoadhesion study, the maximum detachment force (Fmax) was 88.22 and 46.28 mN for the samples Ch/CD(0) and Ch/CD(2) respectively. Finally, both of the samples, namely Ch/CD (0) and Ch/CD(2) scored “0”, suggesting their non-cell cytotoxic nature.
Microfinance Practices and NWFPs Value Additions for Sustainable Environment: w.r.t. Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Surayya Teki
Published: April 2021

A Forest Living Community (FLCs) family in the study area, on an average, required Indian National Rupee (INR) 37533 (US $ 75 approximately) for their survival. Out of this 36.4% amount is sourced from agriculture activities, 20% from NWFPs sale, 23.6%, agriculture labour activities, and about 20% amount is coming from Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) works activities. When FLCs require microfinance for NWFPs value additions and other needs, they can access it from Self-Help Groups (SHGs), moneylender, relatives and friends, banks and governments. FLCs required microfinance for subsistence, health, education, marriage, and pilgrimage purposes. Microfinance plays a key role in Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) value addition, adopting Eco-Friendly Technology (EFTs), and cost - benefits of such NWFPs value addition to FLCs. The amount of income coming from NWFPs harvest and sale can be increased by way promoting NWFPs value additions using Eco-friendly Technology (EFT).
C-H Activation/Functionalization via Metalla-Electrocatalysis
Authors: M. Martins Guilherme , Sbei Najoua , C. Zimmer Geórgia , Ahmed Nisar
Published: April 2021

In conventional methods, C−H activations are largely involved in the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic and expensive metal & chemical oxidants, conceding the overall sustainable nature. Meanwhile, undesired byproducts are generated, that is problematic in the scale up process. However, electrochemical C−H activation via catalyst control strategy using metals as mediators (instead electrochemical substrate control strategy) has been identified as a more efficient strategy toward selective functionalizations. Thus, indirect electrolysis makes the potential range more pleasant, and less side reactions can occur. Herein, we summarize the metalla-electrocatalysis process for activations of inert C−H bonds and functionalization. These Metalla-electrocatalyzed C−H bond functionalizations are presented in term of C−C and C−X (X = O, N, P and halogens) bonds formation. The electrooxidative C−H transformations in the presence of metal catalysts are described by better chemoselectivities with broad tolerance of sensitive functionalities. Moreover, in the future to enhance sustainability and green chemistry concerns, integration of metalla-electrocatalysis with flow and photochemistry will enable safe and efficient scale-up and may even improve reaction times, kinetics and yields.
Global Existence of Solutions to a Class of Reaction–Diffusion Systems on Rn
Authors: Badraoui Salah
Published: April 2021

We prove in this work the existence of a unique global nonnegative classical solution to the class of reaction–diffusion systemsuttx=aΔutx−guvm,vttx=dΔvtx+λtxguvm,
Intraoperative MRI in Brain Tumor Surgeries
Authors: Krishna Kumar G. , Balasubramaniam Anandh , Pradeep K. , Manohar Nitin
Published: April 2021

Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) has evolved since it used in 1991. ioMRI has been effective tool not only in glioma surgeries but also in other neurosurgical procedures. It provides real time information with high quality resolution and it is not affected by brain shift. ioMRI images can be uploaded in the navigation which helps in further resection of residual tumors. ioMRI can be used for confirmation of complete excision of tumor or location of microelectrode catheter tip DBS/sterotatic biopsy. It provides valuable information like location and amount of residue which guides surgeon for further resection safely as possible. ioMRI requires specialized operation theater with MRI compatible instruments which makes this setup expensive and it is available in only few centers across the globe.
Importance of Yeasts in Oral Canine Mucosa
Authors: Rodrigues Paula Claudete , Silva Navarro Bianca , Mendes Bonci Mário , Costa Nascimento Diana
Published: April 2021

Dentistry science is a new specialty in veterinary medicine that has been growing in recent years, accompanied by the development of professionals who seek to improve the quality of life of pets. Cases related to problems in the oral cavity have gained significant importance in the medical clinic of professionals who treat small animals. Due to lack of professional knowledge or due to animal behavioral problems, such as aggressiveness, the anamnesis of the oral cavity is not performed most of the time, which ends up delaying the diagnosis of the pathology. In addition, an animal with a problem in the oral cavity may take years to show signs of the disease. In general, animals have an oral microbiota composed of various species of fungi, which, under specific conditions, can change from saprophytes to pathogens, compromising their health. Thus, the pre-knowledge of potentially pathogenic yeasts belonging to oral microbiota of dogs and their susceptibility profile compared to the main drugs used in antifungal therapy, is of fundamental importance as it ensures a clinical auxiliary support for the diagnosis and treatment of most diseases of the oral cavity.
Time Trends and Persistence in the Snowpack Percentages by Watershed in Colorado
Authors: Alberiko Gil-Alana Luis
Published: April 2021

In this paper we investigate the time trend coefficients in snowpack percentages by watershed in Colorado, US, allowing for the possibility of long range dependence or long memory processes. Nine series corresponding to the following watersheds are examined: Arkansas, Colorado, Gunnison, North Platte, Rio Grande, South Platte, San Juan-Animas-Dolores-San Miguel, Yampa & White and Colorado Statewide, based on annual data over the last eighty years. The longest series start in 1937 and all end in 2019. The results indicate that most of the series display a significant decline over time, showing negative time trend coefficients, and thus supporting the hypothesis of climate change and global warming. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of a long memory pattern in the data.
Neonatal Hearing Screening
Authors: Itzel Contreras Rivas Alejandra , Eduardo Estudillo Jiménez Gaston , Flores Molina Edgar , Guerra Ulloa Patricio
Published: April 2021

Around the world 10 million people have some type or degree of auditory problem, of them, between 200,000 and 400,000 have total deafness. Estimating that a large population presents this problem from birth (61%), with an incidence of 1 to 3 of every 1000 newborns. For this reason, early implementation through the neonatal auditory sieve allows timely detection to respond early to the hearing impairment of the newborn, as the ideal age to carry out rehabilitation with the help of an auditory auxiliary and initiate Language therapy is at six months of age. Most of the international guides for the integral attention to persons with auditory disability it indicates that all newborns should be screened Auditory before his hospital discharge. The prevalence of auditory disturbances in our environment is 0.3%, a proportion that places us above national and global statistics, so it is very important to screen all newborns including those who do not have Apparent risk factors in order to establish the appropriate diagnosis, the necessary treatment and thus avoid delays in neurodevelopment.
A Guide for Deconstructing Social Reproduction: PedagogicalConocimientoswithin the Context of Teacher Education
Authors: Jaime-Diaz Jesus , Méndez-Negrete Josie
Published: April 2021

As the mosaic of student demographics continue to change into the 21st century, teacher credential training programs must necessarily prepare educators to be culturally affirming and responsive to the equitable schooling of students. Through pedagogical conocimientos, educators-in-training may rely on self-reflexive methodologies, which facilitates the engagement of self and others in interaction, as they collectively retrieve family legacies, focusing on gathering histories on their family’s origins, language, religion, work, education, and migration. This prepares future teachers to unearth and examine internalized prejudices, traumas, and stereotypes, to thus counter and contest deficit thinking and distorted views of student populations, beginning with them. This chapter introduces pedagogical conocimientos, illustrating the praxis as it problematizes social reproduction in the context of schooling.
Gasification Process Using Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier for Different Feedstock
Authors: Emdadul Hoque Md. , Rashid Fazlur
Published: April 2021

The use of conventional fuels is decreasing globally due to its limited reserves and negative impact on the environment. The associated cost of conventional fuels is increasing owing to the higher demand for conventional fuels. Hence, utilization methods of biomass to generate energy are of growing interest. Among different biomass feedstocks, rice husks, waste plastics, and sawdust are significantly available in the global environment. The annual generation amount of rice husk is approximately 120 million tons worldwide, with an annual energy generation potential of 109 GJ with a heating value of 15 MJ/kg. The gasification process is assumed to be the most effective biomass conversion method that can generate synthetic gas to operate IC engines, fuel cells, and boilers. Synthetic gas production from biomass using a gasification process is a significant source of future energy. Downdraft fixed-bed gasifiers are considered as a feasible option of biomass conversion in the gasification process. By optimizing the operating conditions of downdraft fixed-bed gasifier, such as reaction zone temperature, combustion zone temperature, intake air temperature, airflow rate, the humidity of intake air, a significant amount of synthetic gas can be produced from rice husks, waste plastic material, and sawdust.
Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Solid Waste and Aquatic Plants
Authors: Emdadul Hoque Md. , Rashid Fazlur
Published: April 2021

Reduction of conventional fuel has encouraged to find new sources of renewable energy. Oil produced from the pyrolysis method using biomass is considered as an emerging source of renewable energy. Pyrolytic oil produced in pyrolysis needs to be upgraded to produce bio-oil that can be used with conventional fuel. However, pyrolytic oil contains high amounts of oxygen that lower the calorific value of fuel, creates corrosion, and makes the operation unstable. On the other hand, the up-gradation process of pyrolytic oil involves solvent and catalyst material that requires a high cost. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis method can be used to upgrade the pyrolytic oil where two or more feedstock materials are involved. The calorific value and oil yield in the co-pyrolysis method are higher than pyrolytic oil. Also, the upgraded oil in the co-pyrolysis method contains low water that can improve the fuel property. Therefore, the co-pyrolysis of biomass waste is an emerging source of energy. Among different biomasses, solid waste and aquatic plants are significantly used as feedstock in the co-pyrolysis method. As a consequence, pressure on conventional fuel can be reduced to fulfill the demand for global energy. Moreover, the associated operating and production cost of the co-pyrolysis method is comparatively low. This method also reduces environmental pollution.
Racial Health Disparities in Coronavirus Deaths
Authors: L. Howard Daniel
Published: April 2021

Preliminary racial data on the coronavirus pandemic indicates that African Americans are much more likely to experience infections, hospitalizations, and death from the virus in comparison to other racial groups. While this appears to be an alarming health outcome regarding African Americans, it is, in fact, not surprising, nor even new information, considering the historical context of racial health disparities and the marginal health of African Americans in the United States. The leading causes of death for African Americans generally and historically reflects the leading causes of death for the entire United States population. More research, and obviously data, is needed to fully understand the factors that cause the overall racial health disparities, in general, and racial disparities in coronavirus cases and deaths, in particular. In the case of the coronavirus pandemic, the racial disparities in deaths reflect racial differences in the way that African Americans live, work, and exist as a result of their ‘second-class citizenship’ with respect to their lower socioeconomic status in comparison to other racial groups. From a health policy perspective, challenges exist to reversing the current trend in coronavirus deaths among African Americans due to a myriad of historic, consistent, and pervasive societally-induced deficits within African American life. The proposed chapter will rely on systematic review of the extant literature on racial health disparities to identify multiple factors that may affect African American deaths due to the current coronavirus pandemic. The chapter will also rely on this framework to inform evidence-based approaches to improve public health for African Americans.
Economic Perspectives on Analysis of Ensuring Cereal Production and Consumption Security
Authors: Oishi Ryusuke
Published: April 2021

Cereals are essential for human nutrition. However, the ever-increasing world population makes it difficult to maintain the cereal production and consumption security. It is essential to overcome this situation by increasing cereal yield. An additional issue is the fact that while some countries suffer from hunger, a significant amount of food is discarded in others. This study analyses both production and consumption of cereals with the goal of ensuring food security. On the production side, many developing countries lack production capacity in contrast to developed countries. This is mainly due to a lack of capital, technology and human resources skills. In this study, we first theoretically demonstrated a cereal production gap between developing and developed countries. Second, we performed an empirical analysis to confirm the theoretical demonstration. On the consumption side, we focused on the cause of food loss and waste. We apply economic theories to demonstrate the situation where food loss and waste are occurring in the market. Then we introduced the related data to interpret the current world situation. Finally, we discussed the potential measures to improve cereal production and consumption.
SIR Model with Homotopy to Predict Corona Cases
Authors: Fatima Nahid
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, we will discuss SIR model to study the spread of COVID-2019 pandemic of India. We will give the prediction of corona cases using homotopy method. The HM is a method for solving the ordinary differential equations. The SIR model consists of three ordinary differential equations. In this study, we have used the data of COVID-2019 Outbreak of India on 20 Jan 2021. In this data, Recovered is 102656163, Active cases are 189245 Susceptible persons are 189347782 for the experimental purpose. Data about a wide variety of infectious diseases has been analyzed with the help of SIR model. Therefore, this model has been already well tested for infectious diseases by various scientists and researchers.
Prospects for Increasing the Dynamic Efficiency of Asynchronous Double-Feed Machines and Wind Power Generators Using Structural Methods and Solutions
Authors: L. Kodkin Vladimir , S. Anikin Alexandr , A. Baldenkov Alexandr
Published: April 2021

The chapter proposes to consider the problems of control of asynchronous machines with dual power supply, as a nonlinear structure, the transfer functions of which depend on the frequency of the stator voltage and the relative slip. The authors cite the results of research confirming the high efficiency of control of asynchronous electric motors, using cross-dynamic connections on the developed torque or a signal close to it (active component of the motor stator current). The proposed correction operates in a wide range of changes in the rotation and sliding speeds of the asynchronous electric generator. This is especially important for wind turbines that need to remain efficient at different speeds. As a justification, the results of experiments, modeling and industrial application of control algorithms with positive torque coupling are presented. Research results suggest that such algorithms will improve the efficiency of wind power by 5–10%.
Entropy Based Biological Sequence Study
Authors: Kumar Sarkar Bimal
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 virus strains are taken into consideration for the analysis of digitized sequences of information by means of the notions of entropy. The occurrence of a particular pattern in the corona viral sequence is paid a special attention. The incidence of genetic word is represented in a density means. The incidence frequency of the q-gram genetic word is determined with the help of finite impulse response (FIR) filter along the sequence. It is in turn, used for the determination of the probability distribution of the genetic word incidence as the input for the calculation of entropy in the sequence. The sequence entropy is further used for principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the similarity/dissimilarity between the viral sequences. We have considered seven human corona virus sequences. Entropy based similarity study for SARS-CoV-2 strains is presented in this work.
Candida Onychomycosis: Mini Review
Authors: Widaty Sandra , Miranda Eliza , Oktarina Caroline
Published: April 2021

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection affecting nails. The infection is frequently due to dermatophyte, while yeast and non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) attributed especially in immunocompromised patients. NDMs and Candida species can be involved as primary or secondary pathogens. Candida onychomycosis (CO), most commonly caused by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, is frequently associated with local or systemic immune disturbances. In the cases that the host immunity is severely affected, Candida acts as primary pathogen, while other diseases e.g., diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and smoking serve as predisposing factors for Candida to cause secondary infection. Furthermore, formation of biofilms and production of enzymes contribute as the virulence factors of the yeasts. Clinical manifestation of CO varies, from discoloration and marked thickening of the nail to dystrophic nails with fingernails more commonly affected. Paronychia is the most common type of CO and Candida granuloma is one of the severe types of CO which often occurs in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Establishing the diagnosis of CO is crucial as well as the identification of each predisposing factors. Microscopic examination and fungal cultures are the gold standard examination for diagnosing onychomycosis, while for NDM, multiple confirmation and repeated examination is needed due to its as contaminants.
The Emerging New Order: Exploring New Ways to Build an Internal Gig Employment System for IT/ITES Organizations
Authors: Dutta Debolina , Mirchandani Prem , Kannan Poyil Anasha
Published: April 2021

The IT/ITeS industry has had an impressive growth trajectory over the past two decades. However, it continues to be plagued with talent shortages, managing employee satisfaction, and growth aspirations while trying to reduce employee attrition. COVID-19 has presented an unprecedented opportunity for IT Service organizations to transform the established paradigm of working. The industry has been exploring non-linear growth models that address the talent demand–supply gap. With skilled talent shortage continuing to limit the industry growth, non-linear initiatives of growth are urgently required. Based on the self-determination theory and the dynamic capabilities framework, we propose a model of “Internal Gig” worker (I-GIG) for the IT Services industry. The new I-GIG workforce would be providing non-linear outcomes without increasing costs significantly. We also argue that this model would be motivational for employees who opt for it, with commensurate reward motivations to engage them. Additionally, this model would enable the work-anywhere, anytime, and leverage talent availability on a global scale. We adopt a qualitative research approach to understand the mechanisms to institutionalize internal gig working, the potential issues such a system may face, and then suggest an internal and external enabling framework that organizations need to adapt to support internal gig work.