bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wearing Peripheral Focus-out Glasses on Emmetropization in Chinese Children Aged 6-8 Years: Study Protocol For a 2-year, Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial.
Authors: shen li , he wennan , yang weiming , yan weili , yang Chenhao
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMyopia is one of the most common eye diseases causing visual impairment and blindness, and the high prevalance in adolescents remains a major public health concern. Based on clinical studies using optical defocus to regulate ocular growth and refractive changes through visual feedback, we hypothesize that early wearing of peripheral myopic defocusing spectacles in children at high risk of myopia may slow the process of emmetropization and even prevent the onset of myopia by inducing more peripheral myopic defocus. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the wearing of peripheral focus-out glasses can be effective in delaying emmetropization in non-myopic children aged 6- 8 years.MethodsThe study is a 2-year, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 160 subjects will be randomized to the experimental or the control group. The experimental group will be fitted with Direct Emmetropia with Focus-out Glasses (DEFOG) to guide the emmetropization process. The control group will not receive any treatment and will serve as a blank control group. The primary aim is to determine whether non-myopic children wearing DEFOG lenses are superior to those who do not receive any intervention on progression of cycloplegic objective refraction over 2 years.DiscussionThis is the first randomized controlled trial aiming at myopic prevention by non-invasive intervention in non-myopic children. This study aims to initially investigate whether wearing peripheral focus-out glasses can effectively delay the process of emmetropization in children aged 6-8 year at high risk of myopia, which might give potential clues for further exploration on early prevention of myopia.Trial registrationNCT05689567 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs/register, registered on 10 January 2023).
An Intelligent and Prognostic machine learning model for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Cheng Wen-Yu , Yang Chih-Chan , Kao Ju-­Hsuan , Shen Chiung-Chyi , Yang Yi-Chin , Tsai Meng-Hsiun
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly invasive brain tumor with a high mortality rate. It is accompanied by peripheral edema. Physicians use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose each patient’s condition in clinical practice. The current use of machine learning to classify brain tumors has an accuracy of about 90% in most studies. Therefore, this study aimed to improve its prediction accuracy using machine learning models to predict GBM patient survival or non-survival. The study used MRI T1-related and T2-related sequences to obtain GBM tumor and edema area attributes. It then divided them into four datasets: maximum tumor area, maximum edema area, total tumor volume, and total edema volume. These four datasets were used as inputs for classification models based on support vector machines, decision tree algorithms, random forest algorithms, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to predict patient survival. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate each model and determine the most suitable models for each dataset based on their accuracy. MLP was the most appropriate for predicting the overall edema volume dataset, with the highest accuracy in predicting GBM patient survival or non-survival at 96.97%. Hopefully, this study can assist physicians in assessing and diagnosing GBM patients’ survival status in the future.
A novel mutation in the ABCD1 gene of a patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with central precocious puberty: a case report
Authors: Zhu Ting Ting , Wu Jin , Sun Xiaomei
Published: July 2023

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by the variations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (ABCD1) gene located on the X-chromosome, leading to an accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which impair many tissues, including the cerebral white matter, the spinal cord, and the adrenal cortex. However, no study has reported central precocious puberty (CPP ) in individuals with X-ALD. A 6-year-old proband presented with pigmentation of the skin and mucosa, elevated levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and VLCFAs, and no neurological dysfunctions. He had rapid growth in height velocity, testicular size of 5–6 mL, and penile length of 6 cm. A novel variant, c.1826A > G (p.Glu609Gly), was identified in exon 8 of the ABCD1 gene.
Understanding the performance of global precipitation products for hydrological modeling in the data-scarce morphologically complex central Himalayan region
Authors: Sandilya Sneha , Singh Sunayana , Kumar Sonu
Published: July 2023

Developing a hydrological model is challenging in ungauged river basins. Hydrological modeling requires historical precipitation estimates. Global precipitation products (GPPs) have equipped hydrologists with a significant resource for hydrological applications such as flood modeling and forecasting. This study compares the quality and hydrological utility of four different GPPs in the Gandak river basin (Nepal and India), a representative of the morphologically complex Himalayan region. The study reveals that among the four GPPs, the SM2RAIN had the least average Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 5.83 mm/day, and TRMM 3B42RT had the highest RMSE of 11 mm/day. When it comes to R-squared, SM2RAIN had the highest value (0.37), and TRMM 3B42 showed the lowest at 0.07. Similarly, Bias for SM2RAIN showed the most negligible average bias, which was − 5.34%, and TRMM 3B42 indicated the highest bias of 28.71%. POD for SM2RAIN was the highest at 0.83 and the lowest for TRMM 3B42RT (0.67). Similarly, when a hydrological model using MIKE 11 NAM model was developed and calibrated with observed rainfall data, TRMM 3B42 (daily), TRMM 3B42RT, APHRODITE, and SM2RAIN, the NSE were calculated to be 0.74, 0.81, -0.25 and 0.55 respectively for the calibration period and 0.67, 0.16, 0.4 and 0.50 respectively for the validation period. The TRMM 3B42RT data sets were not found to be suitable for hydrological modeling in the Gandak river basin as mostly the NSE value was found to be negative. The study reveals that the best-suited product among the four GPPs for hydrological simulations in the central Himalayan region is SM2RAIN, followed by the TRMM 3B42.
Experimental pathogenesis of aquatic bird bornavirus 1 in Pekin ducks
Authors: Ampuero Fernanda , Leacy Alexander , Pham Phuc H. , Che Sunoh , Jardine Claire , Nagy Eva , Delnatte Pauline , Lillie Brandon N. , Susta Leonardo
Published: July 2023

Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1), a member of the Bornaviridae family, is a neurotropic virus that causes persistent infection in the nervous system of wild waterfowl. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether Pekin ducks, the most common waterfowl raised worldwide, are susceptible to ABBV-1 infection and associated disease. Two-day-old Pekin ducks (n, 121) were inoculated with ABBV-1 through the intracranial (IC), intramuscular (IM), or choanal (CH) routes. At 1, 12, and 21 weeks postinfection (wpi), 7–14 birds were euthanized to assess virus distribution and lesions. Infection rates in the IC and IM groups were over 70%, while only 4 ducks in the CH group became infected. Neurological signs were observed in 8 ducks only, while over 25% of IC and IM birds had encephalitis and/or myelitis. Seroconversion was highest in the IC and IM groups, and mucosal ABBV-1 RNA shedding was most frequent in the IC group (53%). None of the fertile eggs laid during the experiment tested positive for ABBV-1 RNA. This study shows that Pekin ducks are permissive to ABBV-1 infection and partly susceptible to associated disease. While mucosal shedding may be an important route of transmission, congenital infection appears unlikely.
A hot-spot analysis of forest roads based on soil erosion and sediment in Zagros forest lands, Iran
Authors: Yousefi Saleh , Emami Sayed Naeim , Nekoeimehr Mohammad , Rahmati Omid , Imaizumi Fumitoshi , Gomez Christopher
Published: July 2023

Forest roads have been recognized as one of the significant contributors to soil erosion processes in forested areas. The construction and maintenance of forest roads can cause severe environmental impacts, including soil erosion, sedimentation, and degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In summary, this study contributes to our understanding of the impacts of forest road networks on soil erosion and sedimentation in the context of Zagros forest land, Iran. This study aims to assess soil erosion and sedimentation on forest roads in four case studies in Zagros forest lands, Iran. The study collected data using field surveys and SEDMODL equations to determine input factors and sedimentation and erosion rates. The study found that road erosion is strongly correlated with geological factor, road width, and precipitation factors. The height changes of 144 benchmarks were recorded during one study year (2021–2022) in four study roads, and the measurement results of erosion benchmarks indicated an average soil erosion of 3, 2.6, 4.7, and 3.5 mm per year around Bidleh, Kohian, Nazi, and Tabrak roads, respectively. The study measured soil erosion and sedimentation at three distances (5, 15, and 25 meters) from the road and found a significant difference in the height changes of the benchmarks at varying distances from the study roads. Hot-spot analysis was conducted using GIS 10.8, and the results indicated that a significant portion of the studied forest roads had very high erosion production and hot-spots. The results of Hot-spot analysis indicated that 30.8%, 22.6%, 39.8%, and 14.5% of the study forest roads in Nazi, Tabrak, Bidleh, and Kohian roads, respectively, are identified as areas with very high erosion production and hot-spots. These results highlight the need for effective management strategies to minimize the impact of erosion on road infrastructure and the surrounding environment. Overall, this study provides important insights into soil erosion and sedimentation on forest roads, and the findings presented here can be used to inform future road construction and maintenance.
Domino, one-pot, three-component synthesis, anti-bacterial and molecular modelling studies of novel benzimidazole based isoindoline-1,3-dione and benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol hybrids
Authors: Chedupaka Raju , Perugu Shyam , Mamidala Srikanth , Venkatesham Papisetti , Penta Santhosh , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: July 2023

A series of metal-free, thioalkylated benzimidazole-based isoindoline-1,3-dione (4a-w) and N-fused 4,5-benzo[4,5]imidaz[2,1-b]thiazole (5a-h) derivatives were synthesized via a novel, one-pot three-component approach. All the synthesized scaffolds were well characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The usefulness of this reaction is that it involves easy workup, shorter reaction time, broad substrate scope, and column-free purification of the products. Further, the synthesized scaffolds (4a-w) were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-microbial activity using two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial cell lines Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus by agar well diffusion method. Among tested compounds, compounds 4a, 4g, 4j, 4q, 4s, and 4t showed significant invitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell lines. Further, we have also insight of molecular docking studies, based on the docking results compounds 4s, 4j, 4a, 4q, 4t, and 4g have shown stable binding interaction with streptomycin drug with active site of the B-DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA). The antibacterial activity, and molecular docking studies of the title compounds were suggested that these are promising anti-bacterial active skeletons.
A Cross-sectional study of Challenges Faced by Under-Resourced Women with Substance Use Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Treatment and Care Delivery
Authors: Mejia M. Carmenza , Kowalchuk Alicia , Gonzalez Sandra , Webb Lisa , Nair Muktha , Scamp Nadine
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing disparities in access to mental health care and treatment for substance use disorders (SUD), particularly in under-resourced communities. This study aimed to understand the experiences of under-resourced women with substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, their knowledge and attitudes towards the pandemic, and its impact on their substance use and access to treatment.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 66 under-resourced women receiving medically managed withdrawal treatment in a community residential SUD treatment center. Data were collected from November 2021 to August 2022 through a 75-item instrument covering topics related to COVID-19 exposure, pandemic impact on health, substance use, and access to treatment, COVID-19 vaccination status and attitudes, as well as knowledge and beliefs about the virus and pandemic risk mitigation measures. Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize the data.
Results: Results revealed that participants faced numerous challenges during the pandemic. Many reported increased substance use, particularly alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, and nicotine. Mental health stability was also negatively impacted, with a majority reporting the exacerbation of existing mental health disorders and difficulties accessing mental health care. Job loss, housing instability, and financial strain were prevalent among the participants. Half of the respondents received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, while 27.3% did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine and were not considering it. Vaccine hesitancy was observed due to concerns about lack of knowledge and religious beliefs. The majority (62.1%) of participants felt that their greatest worry was about challenges to securing basic needs such as groceries or medication, and (64.6%) reported a desire to cope using alcohol or drugs.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for gender-responsive and culturally appropriate approaches to substance use disorders treatment. Additionally, efforts should focus on improving access to mental health care, reducing stigma, and providing resources and support to individuals with co-occurring mental health conditions during and after the pandemic. This study provides valuable insights to refine substance use care delivery and recovery services for under-resourced women, both in the early post-pandemic period and in preparation for future global crises.
Evaluation of the compatibility of EUCAST Direct Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (RAST) Method Results with Automated Systems in Positive-Signaling Blood Culture Bottles
Authors: Aydemir MD Özlem , Şahin MD Elif Özözen , Köroğlu MD Mehmet
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to compare the RAST results with the Vitek 2 automatic system and evaluate its effectiveness. Total of 76 strains, including anonymous 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 24 Escherciae coli, 16 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 Staphylococcus aureus, 11 Enterococcus faecalis, 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 Acinetobacter baumanii, found in the laboratory culture collection was included in the study. Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (RAST) was performed in accordance with European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations. A 10 µg ceftazidime disk was used for the detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) by the RAST method. After incubation, it was interpreted as susceptible (S), resistant (R) and technical uncertainty area (ATU) according to EUCAST RAST v.1.1 breakpoint tables. Categorical results in 4, 6, 8 and 20 hours incubation were compared with vitek 2 automated system results. 581 disc diffusion studies were performed for all strains. Measurable zone diameter of inhibition occurred in 444 (76.4%) disc studies. The agreement between the results of the studies evaluated as sensitive and resistant by RAST with the results of the Vitek 2 automated system was found to be 98.4%. Compatibility with Vitek 2 automated system at the fourth hour was 98.1%; it was 97.9% at the sixth hour and 100% at the eighth hour. Our study shows that the RAST results are quite compatible with the conventional method. Therefore, although there are difficulties in routine laboratory practice, the results obtained with RAST show that it will provide rapid evaluation of empirical antibiotic therapy in bloodstream infections.
SupOU-based and Related Fractal Activity Time Models for Risky Assets with Dependence
Authors: Leonenko Nikolai N. , Liu Anqi , Shchestyuk Nataliya
Published: July 2023

We propose several new models in ecophysics known as the Fractal Activity Time Geometric Brownian Motion (FATGBM) models with Student marginals. We summarize four models that construct stochastic processes of underlying prices with short-range and long-range dependencies. We derive solutions of option Greeks and compare with those in the Black-Scholes model. We analyse performance of delta hedging strategy using simulated time series data and verify that hedging errors are biased particularly for long-range dependence cases. We also apply underlying model calibration on S&P 500 index (SPX) and the U.S./Euro rate, and implement delta hedging on SPX options.
MSC Classification: 60E05 , 60F05 , 65C10 , 65C30 , 91B70
Efficacy of mFOLFOX6 plus Bevacizumab Regimen in Advanced Colorectal Cancer after Deep Hyperthermia: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Han Guohu , Cui Lihua , Sun Changchun , Yu Lijiang , Liu Shenzha
Published: July 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Relationship between myocardial flow reserve measured by a dynamic cadmium-zinc-telluride camera and increase rate in myocardial uptake of radionuclide during stress
Authors: Niimi Takanaga , Unno Kazumasa , Hirayama Kenshi , Yoshida Satoya , Nanasato Mamoru
Published: July 2023

Objective
A cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) camera can simultaneously evaluate the myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and perform myocardial perfusion imaging. Unlike conventional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras, it can detect multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) without underestimation. However, obtaining MFR measurements using routine SPECT is difficult. To determine whether the increase rate (IR) could be an alternative in the absence of MFR measurements, we examined the relationship between the MFR measured simultaneously with a dynamic CZT camera and IR in myocardial radionuclide uptake during stress.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical images of 52 patients who underwent dynamic SPECT for evaluation of suspected CAD (34 men and 18 women; mean age:66.1 ± 10.4 years) after injection of 99mTc-sestamibi for rest and stress imaging, respectively. Radionuclide was injected at 1 ml/s using an automatic injector and flushed with 30 ml of saline. Dynamic CZT SPECT imaging data for calculating MFR were analyzed using commercially available software. An increase in radionuclide uptake in the myocardium during stress was defined as IR, and CAD was detected using myocardial perfusion imaging. The IR was calculated as the stress image/rest image normalized by the dose.
Results
Comparing the global CAD diagnostic performance of MFR and the IR, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 for MFR and 0.57 for the IR (p = 0.024, cutoff value of MFR was 2.46, and IR was 1.01). However, in the case of 3-vessel disease, 67% of the participants were below the cutoff value, even for IR, and the contribution to CAD diagnosis was higher than that for one- and 2-vessel disease.
Conclusions
The IR of myocardial uptake of radionuclides during stress may provide additional information for myocardial perfusion imaging, such as diagnosing 3-vessel disease, even when MFR measurements are impossible.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Doxorubicin and Lapatinib in Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-HESI-MSn
Authors: Shaik Khaja Moinuddin , Srika Pirangi , Sharma Parul , Nandi Sukhendu
Published: July 2023

A simple, selective, and robust method was developed to simultaneously detect doxorubicin and lapatinib in rat plasma using UHPLC-HESI-MSn based on a protein precipitation technique for extracting analytes from rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on Waters symmetry® C18 3.5µm (4.6×75mm) column using 0.1% acetic acid in water and 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile as eluents followed by HESI-MSn detection. Quantifying doxorubicin and lapatinib using curcumin as an internal standard was carried out using a single reaction monitoring mode of the tandem mass spectrometer. The method is valid over the concentration range of 0.75 ng-1200 ng. This UHPLC-HESI-MSn method was fully validated based on other parameters like selectivity, matrix effect, recovery and stability. This validated method is straightforward, robust and can be clinically applicable.
A lightweight detection model for greenhouse-cultivated strawberries based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Yaodi , Xue Jianxin
Published: July 2023

The efficient detection of strawberries has great significance in the realization of strawberry production estimation and automatic picking in the greenhouse. Factors such as the complex growing environment in the field and fruit aggregation shading, especially for immature strawberries at the turning stage and mature strawberries with high similarity in shape, size, and even color, resulted in low accuracy of detection. This research aims at establishing an improved lightweight model based on YOLOv5 which is for strawberry ripeness detection in natural environments, in response to the problems of some current detection models whose structures are complex and difficult to deploy on low-cost devices. The method first adds a smaller target detection layer to the original network, then removes part of the deep structure of the network to reduce the complexity of the model, by adjusting the depth-multiple and width-multiple partially to achieve a lighter model while ensuring accuracy. After that, the performance of the model was further improved by introducing the BiFPN structure and SimAM attention module. The experimental results show that the improved model provides an effective method for detecting strawberries in natural environments. Compared with the YOLOv5s model, the improved model has a 60.35% reduction in parameters and a 55.47% reduction in the model size, and the mAP, mAP0.5:0.95, and F1 are improved to 91.86%, 79.04%, and 90.9%, respectively. The model proposed in this research proves an excellent generalization performance in three strawberry test sets and provides a reference for subsequent deployment in small/low-cost picking robots.
A broad-scale biometrical response of a pristine meadow, Posidonia oceanica, to winter and summer conditions in the north-eastern Mediterranean coast
Authors: Mutlu Erhan , Duman Güler Sıla , Karaca Doğukan , Özvarol Yaşar , Şahin Ahmet
Published: July 2023

The concept of the present study was derived from a study to ground-truth the acoustical echo energy of the seagrass biometrics in order not to use any destructive method and was scoped to study the estimated environment-related biometrical distribution of a pristine marine phanerogam, Posidonia oceanica meadow, along the entire Turkish Mediterranean coast. This study also provided the first knowledge on the broad-scale extent of the meadow from a significant coast length in the Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, two surveys were conducted covering bottom depths of 5–35 m in the critical seasons (winter and summer 2019) of a subtropical coast for the growth dynamics of the meadow. The meadow samples were collected in a frame of 0.4 x 0.4 m by SCUBA divers, which was a destructive method. The physicochemical and optical environments of the water were evaluated with the biometrical dynamics of the meadow. Orderly, season, region, bottom types, and bottom depths dictated the biometrical distribution. The meadow shoot density showed the environment to be in good ecological condition without changing the average shoot density in season. Other biometrics grew 2-fold higher in summer compared to winter (water temperature and salinity). The region influenced by the Aegean Sea had lower biometrical values than the other two regions. Hard (rock and matte) and soft (sand and mud) benthic environments differentiated the biometrics as follows: Contrary to the morphometric variables, the density biometrics decreased linearly from the hard bottom to the soft bottom. The density dynamics were partially contrasted with the morphometrical dynamics. Rhizome-related biometrics were independently governed by the leaf-related biometrics, especially by nitrogen-based nutrients in near-bottom water. The optical parameter, especially PAR, a certain percent of the daylight was effective during the growth of the biometrics. The present study provided the first knowledge on a broad-scale biometrical distribution from the entire Turkish Mediterranean coast to the seagrass studies.
Elovanoids are neural resiliency epigenomic regulators targeting histone modifications, DNA methylation, tau phosphorylation, telomere integrity, senescence programming, and dendrite integrity
Authors: Bazan Nicolas , Bhattacharjee Surjyadipta , Kala-Bhattacharjee Sayantani , Ledet Alexander , Mukherjee Pranab
Published: July 2023

Cellular identity, developmental reorganization, genomic structure modulation, and susceptibility to diseases are determined by epigenomic regulation by multiple signaling interplay. Here we demonstrate that elovanoids (ELVs), mediators derived from very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs, n-3, C > 28), and their precursors in neurons in culture overcome the damage triggered by oligomeric amyloid-beta (OAβ), erastin (ferroptosis-dependent cell death), or other insults that target epigenomic signaling. We uncover that ELVs counteract damage targeting histones H3K9 and H3K27 methylation and acetylation; tau hyperphosphorylation (pThr181, pThr217, pThr231, and pSer202/pThr205 (AT8)); senescence gene programming (p16INK4a, p27KIP, p21CIP1, and p53); DNA methylation (DNAm) modifying enzymes: TET (DNA hydroxymethylase), DNA methyltransferase, DNA demethylase, and DNAm (5mC) phenotype. Moreover, ELVs revert OAβ-triggered telomere length (TL) attrition as well as upregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression fostering dendrite protection and neuronal survival. Thus, ELVs modulate epigenomic resiliency by pleiotropic interrelated signaling.
High-precision muon decay predictions for ALP searches
Authors: Banerjee Pulak , Coutinho Antonio , Engel Tim , Gurgone Andrea , Signer Adrian , Ulrich Yannick
Published: July 2023

We present an improved theoretical prediction of the positron energy spectrum for the polarised Michel decay \mu^+\to e^+ \nu_e\bar{\nu}_\muμ+→e+νeν‾μ. In addition to the full next-to-next-to-leading order correction of order \alpha^2α2 in the electromagnetic coupling, we include logarithmically enhanced terms at even higher orders. Logarithms due to collinear emission are included at next-to-leading accuracy up to order \alpha^4α4. At the endpoint of the Michel spectrum, soft photon emission results in large logarithms that are resummed up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We apply our results in the context of the MEG II and Mu3e experiments to estimate the impact of the theory error on the branching ratio sensitivity for the lepton-flavour-violating decay \mu^+\to e^+ Xμ+→e+X of a muon into an axion-like particle XX.
Grp94 Inhibitor HCP1 Suppressed the Replication of SVA in BHK-21 Cells and
PK-15 Cells
Authors: Wang Shuo , Cui XiaoLing , Hui Ren , Yao Wen , Zhao BaoXiang , Li Jun , Miao JunYing
Published: July 2023

Background:

Glucoregulatory protein 94 (Grp94) is necessary in the post-viral life cycle and play a quality control role in viral proteins, but the role of Grp94 in regulating viral replication in host cells is not well known. Therefore, finding a compound that can regulate Grp94 will help us to study the mechanism of viral replication. Previously, we synthesized a coumarin pyrazoline derivative HCP1 that is an effective inhibitor of Grp94. We suppose that HCP1 may inhibit viral replication.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of HCP1 on the replication ability of Senecavirus A (SVA), so as to provide a target and a leading compound for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of the virus and developing antiviral drugs.

Methods:

Rat cell lines BHK-21 and porcine cell lines PK-15 were infected with SVA, and the infected cells were treated with different concentrations of HCP1. The cell viability (CCK-8), virus titer (TCID50), autophagy level and Grp94 expression were measured.

Results:

The results showed that low concentration of HCP1 decreased viral titer and viral load in BHK-21 and PK-15 cells, and 5μM HCP1 significantly decreased the expression of SVA VP2 protein. In addition, SVA infection can lead to an increased level of autophagy, and HCP1 can inhibit host cell autophagy caused by SVA infection, thereby inhibiting viral replication and infection. Conclusion: These findings reveal that Grp94 is a key factor of controlling SVA replication, and its inhibitor HCP1 suppress SVA replication through inhibiting the increase of Grp94 protein level and autophagy induced by SVA. This study will contribute to the development of a new class of small molecule antiviral drugs.
Robot-assisted technologies for targeted prostate biopsy: a literature review
Authors: Kolontarev K. B. , Gritskov I. O. , Govorov A. V. , Vasiliev A. O. , Pushkar D. Yu.
Published: July 2023

One key aspect in treating any cancer is timely diagnosis and treatment. Obtaining the right diagnosis depends mainly on running the biopsy algorithm. Most studies show a significant increase in sensitivity and specificity in the targeted tissue sampling method compared to standard biopsy. The human factor can result in more medical errors. This can be solved by replacing the standard biopsy method with a more advanced one. The human factor is excluded from the biopsy sampling process using the semi-automatic robotic biopsy needle guidance. This paper presents a literature review development in robot assisted prostate biopsy. A literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. Papers reporting on experiments using semi-automatic robotic systems were included. Using the literature, we described the prerequisites for the development the software for semi-automatic targeted biopsy to increase the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis.
Comparative analysis of unilateral and bilateral flexible ureterorenoscopy: a cohort multicentre study
Authors: Gadzhiev N. K. , Petrov A. D. , Gorgotsky I. A. , Labetov I. A. , Malkhasyan V. A. , Vorobyov V. A. , Shkarupa D. D.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) with laser lithotripsy is the «gold standard» for minimally invasive treatment in patients with kidney stones less than 20 mm. Currently, there are no objective data on the efficacy and safety of bilateral interventions.

Objective. To study the results of bilateral flexible URS (B-fURS) versus unilateral flexible URS (U-fURS).

Materials & methods. Eighty patients prospectively enrolled in the study from July 2022 to December 2022 and was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 40) underwent U-fURS and Group 2 (n = 40) underwent B-fURS. A single stone up to 20 mm or multiple small calyx stones was an indication for the operation. The baseline values were comparable between the groups, but in the B-fURS group a 39.0% higher incidence (p > 0.002) of multiple stones and a 28.0% higher incidence (p > 0.001) of stones in the lower pole. Previous interventions were also more frequent in Group 1 (B-fURS) patients.

Results. Stone-free rate did not differ (p > 0.9) between the groups and was 95.0% and 97.5%, respectively. No serious complications (p > 0.9) of Clavien III–V were observed in both groups.

Conclusion. Bilateral flexible ureteroscopy is a safe and effective option for patients with bilateral kidney stones, allowing removal of stones in one anesthesia on both sides.
Long-way-to-go from bowel urinary diversion to neobladder
Authors: Kyzlasov P. S. , Korobov A. A. , Sergeev V. P. , Perepechay V. A. , Kolpatsinidi F. G. , Vasilyev O. N. , Senin S. I.
Published: July 2023

The history of the development of urinary diversion methods dates over than 170 years. During this time, many methods of urinary diversion have been invented. Some never made it out of the research centres, while others were widely accepted by urologists and still in use today. In modern bladder cancer, doctors are not only concerned about saving human life in the immediate period, but also about how the patient will live after the cystectomy, which is a crippling surgery that affects both the quality of life and the patients’ social adaptation. The article presents the historical stages of urinary diversion techniques from the first attempts at derivation into the undisturbed colon to the creation of a low-pressure high-capacity neobladders.
Wearable Devices and Nurses’ Health: Protocol for an Integrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Buchholz Susan W , Mowbray Fabrice I , Allman Gabrielle , Verboncoeur John P , Beam Lauren , Small Leigh
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Nurses comprise over half of the global health care workforce, and the nursing care they provide is critical for the global population's health. High patient volumes and increased medical complexity have increased the workload and stress of nurses. As a result, the health of nurses is often negatively impacted. Wearables are used within the health care setting to assess patient outcomes; however, efforts to synthesize the use of wearable devices focusing on nurses’ health are limited.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of our integrative review is to synthesize available data concerning the utility of wearable devices for evaluating or improving (or both) the health of nurses.

METHODS

We are conducting an integrative review synthesizing data specific to wearable devices and nurses’ health. The research question for this review aims to answer how wearable devices are used to evaluate health outcomes among nurses. We searched the following electronic databases from inception until July 2022: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, IEEE Explore, and AS&T. Titles and abstracts were imported into Covidence software, where citations were screened and duplicates removed. Title and abstract screening has been completed; however, full-text screening has not been started. Further screening is being conducted independently and in duplicate by 2 teams of 2 reviewers each. These reviewers will extract data independently.

RESULTS

Search strategies have been developed, and data were extracted from 6 databases. After the removal of duplicates, we collected 8603 studies for title and abstract screening. Two independent reviewers conducted the title and abstract review, and after resolving conflicts, 277 full-text articles are available for review to determine whether they meet the inclusion criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

This integrative review will provide synthesized data to inform nurses and other stakeholders about the extent of wearable device–related work done with nurses and provide direction for future research.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/48178
Development of a Core Outcome Set for Family and Community Nursing: Protocol for a Delphi Study (Preprint)
Authors: Russo Sara , Caruso Rosario , Conte Gianluca , Magon Arianna , Vangone Ida , Bascape' Barbara , Maga Giulia , Pasek Malgorzata , Arrigoni Cristina
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Family and community nurses (FCNs) play a crucial role in delivering primary care to patients within their homes and communities. A key aspect of their role involves various health interventions, which are influenced by their unique competencies, such as health promotion, advanced clinical knowledge, and strong interpersonal skills. However, it is essential to understand which specific health outcomes these interventions impact to better understand the relationship between FCNs’ skills and the health results.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to outline the steps we will take to develop a set of core outcomes. These outcomes will be particularly sensitive to the health interventions carried out by FCNs, providing a clearer picture of their practice’s impact.

METHODS

A Delphi survey will be used for this research, conducted from January to December 2024. The process will involve 5 steps and input from 3 stakeholder categories. These stakeholders will help identify a preliminary list of outcomes that will form the basis of our core outcome set (COS).

RESULTS

This guideline will be beneficial for a wide range of stakeholders involved in COS development, including COS developers, trialists, systematic reviewers, journal editors, policy makers, and patient groups. As of January 2024, we have successfully completed the first stage of the study, with the stakeholder group approving the reported outcomes and assigning participant lists for each stakeholder group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide a roadmap for identifying the key health outcomes influenced by the interventions of FCNs. The multistakeholder, multiphase approach will ensure a comprehensive and inclusive process. Ultimately, the findings will enhance our understanding of FCNs’ impact on health outcomes, leading to more effective primary care strategies and policies.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/51084
Efficacy of an Electronic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Delivered via the Online Psychotherapy Tool for Depression and Anxiety Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Post Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Moghimi Elnaz , Stephenson Callum , Agarwal Anika , Nikjoo Niloofar , Malakouti Niloufar , Layzell Gina , O'Riordan Anne , Jagayat Jasleen , Shirazi Amirhossein , Gutierrez Gilmar , Khan Ferwa , Patel Charmy , Yang Megan , Omrani Mohsen , Alavi Nazanin
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Lockdowns and social distancing resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have worsened the population’s mental health and made it more difficult for individuals to receive care. Electronic cognitive behavioral therapy (e-CBT) is a cost-effective and evidence-based treatment for anxiety and depression and can be accessed remotely.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of online psychotherapy tailored to depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic.

METHODS

The pilot study used a pre-post design to evaluate the efficacy of a 9-week e-CBT program designed for individuals with depression and anxiety affected by the pandemic. Participants were adults (N=59) diagnosed with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, whose mental health symptoms initiated or worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online psychotherapy program focused on teaching coping, mindfulness, and problem-solving skills. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, resilience, and quality of life were assessed.

RESULTS

Participants demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety (P=.02) and depression (P=.03) after the intervention. Similar trends were observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. No significant differences were observed in resilience and quality-of-life measures. The sample comprised mostly females, making it challenging to discern the benefits of the intervention in males. Although a pre-post design is less rigorous than a controlled trial, this design was selected to observe changes in scores during a critical period.

CONCLUSIONS

e-CBT for COVID-19 is an effective and accessible treatment option. Improvements in clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression can be observed in individuals whose mental health is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04476667; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04476667

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/24913
Yukgunja-tang for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Kangwook , Ko Seok-Jae , Kim Minjeong , Park Chaehyun , Cho Min-Seok , Park Jae-Woo
Published: July 2023

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a digestive disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain accompanied by a change in stool condition. Owing to its complicated mechanisms, a standard treatment for IBS has not yet been established. Yukgunja-tang (YGT) is a Korean herbal medicine known in Asia to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study, we will conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and safety of YGT in IBS treatment.Methods and analysis: English databases, such as Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, will be searched for articles published up to April 2023. Additional databases, such as five Korean, one Chinese, and one Japanese database, will be included. RCTs and quasi-RCTs will also be included in the assessment of the efficacy of YGT. The overall efficacy rate will be the primary outcome, and data such as IBS quality-of-life measurements, global symptom scores, and adverse events will be the secondary outcomes. Review Manager Version 5.3 will be used for evaluation, and the risk of bias (RoB) will be evaluated using Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to score the quality of evidence.Conclusion: This study will demonstrate the efficacy and safety of YGT for treating patients with IBS.
A Survey on Korean Medicine Doctors’ Recognition for Developing Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kim Dong-hyeon , Kim Jong-hee , Park Ji-hye , Yoo Hwa-seung , Park So-jung
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide data for the development of Korean medicine (KM) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for gastric cancer (GC) by identifying the awareness and knowledge needs of KM doctors (KMD) through an online survey.Methods: A survey questionnaire was produced by referring to the previous recognition survey studies for clinical KMDs. The survey questionnaire was composed of questions regarding the current status of clinical care for GC, the knowledge level of clinicians about GC, and other details that clinicians use during practice. The survey was conducted from September 20 to October 22, 2021. An online survey was conducted with 195 KMDs from the Society of Korean Medicine and the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology of KM.Results: A total of 195 respondents participated in the online survey regarding the current status of GC treatment. Of this number, 10.3% of the respondents specialize in GC, but even if they do not currently specialize in GC, they are more likely to treat patients with GC in the future. In terms of the specifics of KM treatment, there was a demand for information on comprehensive KM treatment methods, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and chuna, as well as on analyzing the effectiveness of combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiation.Conclusion: In this study, we were able to understand the clinical KMDs’ perception of GC, knowledge level, and requirements in the CPG. The results of this study will provide the basic data for the development of CPG for GC.
Analysis of Herbal Medicine in the Clinical Guidelines of Korea and China for COVID-19
Authors: Yang Seung-Bo , Jeong Aram
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has infected more than 700 million people around the world and left many deaths. In Korea and China, Korean medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to treat COVID-19, and the key element between them was herbal medicine. Clinical guidelines for herbal medicine have been published in Korea and China. In this review, the Korean and Chinese guidelines were compared and analyzed. This review was based on the latest revised clinical guidelines. The Korean guidelines covered all three guidelines published by The Association of Korean Medicine and The KM Professor Council of Internal Medicine of the Respiratory System. The Chinese guideline was published by the China National Health Commission. Based on research trends, a comprehensive comparison was made of the suggested prescriptions for each severity of COVID-19. It is expected that this review will be used as a reference for the treatment of COVID-19 or new infectious diseases in the future.
Case Report on the Five-year Survival of a Patient with Rectal Cancer Treated with Integrative Medicine After Resection and Chemoradiation Therapy
Authors: Jeong Beom-Jin , Kim Jisoo , Jung Yu-jin , Park Kyung-Dug , Oh Yoona , Bang Sunhwi
Published: July 2023

Objectives: This is a five-year survival and complete response (CR) report on rectal cancer treated with western medicine and Korean traditional medicine.Method: A 25-year-old woman diagnosed with rectal cancer visited ○○ Korean traditional medicine hospital after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low anterior resection with regional lymph node dissection. She was treated with Korean traditional medicine, including acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion, wild ginseng pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine, which was based on integrated medicine therapy (IMT), from January 2018 to February 2022. The tumor size was measured by scanning with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emission tomography/CT. Adverse events were evaluated using laboratory conclusion and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Result: During four years of treatment, IMT maintained safety. The patient finally reached five-year survival without any recurrence or complication (CR) on March 11, 2022.Conclusion: We suggest that an integrative approach including Korean traditional medicine can be a meaningful treatment option for rectal cancer. Further studies should be performed to establish the proper treatment protocol of integrative medicine for rectal cancer.