bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“DO YOU WANT TO BE KRAMPUS?” Santa Claus, globality and locality of Christmas tradition
Authors: Kürti László
Published: April 2021

In this paper the author argues that the Christmas holidays, notwithstanding their international standing as a religious and commercial season, are most productively understood as a glocal phenomena, a concept intended to link the local with the global in a dialectics of homogenization and particularism. Juxtaposing data from Hungary and Eastern Europe, the author provides an anthropological analysis that highlights the transformative power Christmas traditions and Santa Claus have played in diverse cultural settings since the late twentieth-century. For even the imposition of communist ideology, conceived as a globalizing force, failed to eradicate images of Santa Claus; both his persona and that of his devilish imp, Krampus, survived such ruthless attempts at indoctrination with only the slightest of modifications. In view of its economic and cultural significance, this paper argues in favor of international recognition of Saint Nicholas day, December 6th, as a glocal civil holiday.
Juliana v United States of America: The Final Frontier for Climate Litigation in America?
Authors: Meyer Yolandi , Gravet Willem H.
Published: April 2021

This article analyses the protracted climate change case of Juliana v United States of America. We consider the history of the case as well as the most recent judgment of the Federal Court of Appeals, which seems to be the final judgment in this case as it is not foreseen that the case will be appealed with any success. The Juliana case provided hope for many people in the United States that the case would be able to succeed and possibly alter climate change policy in the country. Although the latest judgment will be disappointing to climate change activists and those affected by climate change, we agree with the ruling of the majority opinion in the Court of Appeals case and believe that it is a sound legal decision despite its general disapprobation.
A Brief Assessment of the Main Commercial Contracts under the New Romanian Civil Code
Authors: Velicu Dan
Published: April 2021

From 2011 Romania has a new Civil Code. Although the government’s initiative was to unify the private law according to the model of the Italian Civil Code of 1942 by repealing the Commercial Code of 1887, the new Civil Code only succeeded in putting together civil rules and commercial rules, the latter being relocated from the former Commercial Code. Obviously, an exhaustive analysis of the new Civil Code is impossible in the frame of a short article. That’s why the author of this study tries to evaluate the new Civil Code regulation by focusing on the main commercial contracts. Some general civil rules that are traditionally applied for centuries in most of the European continental legal systems (e.g. ownership concept, warranty for defects, the buyer’s duty to pay the price etc) will be premeditatedly neglected or just shortly approached. The commercial contracts are very important in the field of the international commercial relations – even between the borders of the European Union –, when in many cases the parties agree that the national law will govern the contract. The goal of the study is to offer a brief commentary on the new institutions together with a comparative presentation of the general regulation of the main commercial agreements.
Offshoring of white-collar jobs: theory and evidence1
Authors: Klimek Artur
Published: April 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in advanced business services (ABSs), referred to here as the offshoring of white-collar jobs, has become one of the major developments in the operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). However, a specific theoretical approach to this phenomenon has not been adequately defined. In this article, we have two objectives. The first objective is to outline the key elements of the theoretical framework and introduce a simple formal model for business services within MNCs. The second objective is to verify the assumptions of the model in the empirical part. We use the sample of the largest European companies having foreign affiliates. Special attention is paid to Visegrád economies (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) as host economies. We applied here a multinomial logistic model, which indicates the probability of having an ABS subsidiary taking into consideration the characteristics of MNCs.
Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME): A Literature Review
Authors: Karamanliev Martin P. , Dimitrov Dobromir D.
Published: April 2021

Total mesorectal excision (TME) has become the golden standard for treating rectal cancer since Heald introduced it [1]. Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an innovative surgical method for rectal cancer. A nonsystematic literature review on the articles on taTME in the PubMed and Scopus database was performed. ‘TaTME’ and ‘transanal total mesorectal excision’ keywords were used. The search was restricted to articles in English on more than 25 patients analyzed and followed-up. Fourteen articles were identified, most of them from Europe and China. Of these, eight were original studies, and six were systematic reviews and meta-analyses. TaTME is safe and efficient in experienced hands. It could be superior to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (laTME) concerning perioperative complications. Its advantages in oncological outcomes over laTME are to be proven in structured randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Adult Scoliotic Women Assessed with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
Authors: Kirilov Nikola K. , Todorov Svilen H. , Nikolov Nikolay G.
Published: April 2021

DXA is a gold-standard method for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) to diagnose osteopenia and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and degenerative lumbar scoliosis are well-known diseases in adults, which are most often coexistent. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 1019 women aged ≥40 years divided into different groups according to the Cobb angle measured from DXA scan images with DICOM software. We found that the incidence of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine and total hip, as well as the incidence of osteopenia of the total hip, increased in the groups according to the Cobb angle. The group with a Cobb angle >10◦ showed the highest prevalence of osteoporosis. According to the Cobb angle, the incidence of osteopenia of the lumbar spine remained similar in the different groups. The results of the current study show that scoliosis has an essential impact on the interpretation of DXA scans. The BMD’s false elevation, respectively, of the T-score of some vertebrae, could lead to an incorrect final diagnosis. In this case, additional assessment of the hip BMD could be useful for a more accurate interpretation of the results based on the lumbar spine BMD.
Planned Nursing Care - A Main Element of Health Care Management for Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Balaburova Meglena M. , Draganova Makreta T.
Published: April 2021

Morbidity and mortality rate for stroke and ischemic stroke (IS), in particular, have ranked Bulgaria at a top place in the European Union. In the acute recovery stage of the disease, patients need continuous and personalized health care. The assessment of individual needs and adequate planning for nursing interventions, known as nursing process stages, are the basis of effective care management for patients, surviving ischemic stroke (PSIS). Therefore, the study and application of the nursing process in practice have proved to be an objective prerequisite for improving the quality and development of nursing care for PSIS. The objective of the study was to analyze the opinion of nurses working in clinics/departments of Neurology and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in three towns in Northern Bulgaria, on health care (HC) planning for PSIS and the required documentation. A direct anonymous inquiry was carried out, using specially designed questions to investigate the opinion of the respondents on the problems studied. Of the 81 individuals approached, 75 (93%) responded. Of these, 52 (69%) were familiar with the main points of the nursing plan concept, and 34 (65%) had heard about the concept during their basic training in the speciality. According to 67 (89%) of the respondents, a care plan was necessary to increase the health care (HC) efficiency in IS patients. Our results showed that healthcare professionals considered care planning an important tool to ensure continuity, evaluation and control of the care provided. According to the respondents, documenting health care and evaluating the activities performed will contribute to improve the quality of nursing care and promote research into nursing care.
Radical Resection of Cerebellar Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma - A 22-Year Survival: A Case Report
Authors: Valkov Iliya V. , Ovcharov Mladen E. , Mladenovski Milan N. , Vasilev Nikolay V. , Duhlenski Iliya I.
Published: April 2021

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) is a low-grade glioma, a most common astrocytoma in young patients. It is a tumor with relatively well-defined margins. Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) comprise approximately 5-6% of all gliomas. Gross total resection ensures a radical cure of patients and long-time survival. In the literature, the data on the survival rate of more than 20 years is scarce. A 5.5-year old boy with a history of 3-month complaints of headache, dizziness, and vomiting was diagnosed after CT to harbour a hypodense cerebellar tumor mass, situated in the midline-right hemisphere. The compression of the fourth ventricle resulted in rostral hydrocephalus with transependymal resorption. Within a week, a VP shunt was applied, followed by a radical Nafziger-Town operation. Gross total resection of the tumor was achieved. Profound clinical improvement was observed immediately after the operation. Postoperative CT scans, including the ones 22 years after the operation, remained practically normal. The patient is now 28-year old and is a perspective economist now. He leads a healthy working life. In general, the prognosis is excellent. If the tumor is completely removed by surgery, the chances of being “cured” are very high. Pilocytic astrocytoma has a five-year survival rate in over 96 percent in children and young adults, which is one of the highest survival rates of any brain tumor. However, there is even a small percent possibility for malignant transformation (1-4%).
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer (RALS): A Review of the Literature
Authors: Filipov Emil T. , Ivanov Tsvetomir M.
Published: April 2021

Surgical treatment of rectal cancer is still difficult even in big centers. The limited pelvic space, problematic operative exposure, complex surgeries with more common anastomotic complications make the results unsatisfying. After the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) was introduced by Heald, the results have improved dramatically. Advances in technology added further excitement about awaited promising results. Surgeons tried to apply all new methods to search for the best treatment: – atraumatic, painless, safe, with low recurrence rates, fast recovery, with an acceptable price, and easy to learn or teach. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) was introduced to overcome the limitations of conventional laparoscopic and open surgery and improve on their main advantages.

A non-systematic literature review on the articles on RALS in the PubMed and Scopus database was performed. RALS, robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, and rectal cancer keywords were used. The search was restricted to articles in English, with main endpoints of interest on short-term and long-term surgical results and oncological outcomes. Fifty-seven articles from Europe, the USA, and Asia were identified. RALS was tried in large series in patients with different pathology and showed its values. However, there are still many controversies on its superiority, cost, and advantages. RALS is safe and efficient in experienced hands. It could be superior to conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS). Its advantages in oncological outcomes over CLS are to be proven in structured randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
The Susceptibility of MDR-K. Pneumoniae to Polymyxin B Plus its Nebulised Form Versus Polymyxin B Alone in Critically Ill South Asian Patients
Authors: Hasan Md. Jahidul , Rabbani Raihan , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Santini Ario , Huq Shihan Mahmud Redwanul
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Critically ill patients in intensive care units are at high risk of dying not only from the severity of their illness but also from secondary causes such as hospital-acquired infections. USA national medical record-data show that approximately 10% of patients on mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. Polymyxin B has been used intravenously in the treatment of multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections, either as a monotherapy or with other potentially effective antibiotics, and the recent international guidelines have emphasised the use of nebulised polymyxin B together with intravenous polymyxin B to gain the optimum clinical outcome in ventilator-associated pneumonia cases caused by multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-eight patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae were identified during the study period. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 121 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to two study groups. Group 1 patients were treated with intravenous Polymyxin B plus nebulised polymyxin B (n=64) and Group 2 patients with intravenous Polymyxin B alone (n=57). The study aimed to compare the use of Polymyxin B plus its nebulised form to polymyxin B alone, in the treatment of MDR-K. pneumoniae associated ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients.

Results

In Group 1, a complete clearance of K. pneumoniae was found in fifty-nine patients (92.1%; n=64) compared to forty patients (70.1%, n=57) in the Group 2 (P<0.003). The average time till extubation was significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (P<0.05). The total length-of-stay in the ICU was significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1. (P<0.05). These results support the view that the Polymyxin B dual-route regime may be considered as an appropriate antibiotic therapy, in critically ill South Asian patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Prognostic Value of Bone Formation and Resorption Proteins in Heterotopic Ossification in Critically-Ill Patients. A Single-Centre Study
Authors: Vassiliou Alice Georgia , Jahaj Edison , Mastora Zafeiria , Karnezis Ioannis , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Kotanidou Anastasia
Published: April 2021

Introduction

A potential complication in critically ill patients is the formation of bone in soft tissues, termed heterotopic ossification. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms are still undetermined. Bone morphogenetic proteins induce bone formation, while signalling through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL), regulates osteoclast formation, activation, and survival in normal bone modelling and remodelling. Osteoprotegerin protects bone from excessive bone loss by blocking RANKL from binding to RANK.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate these molecules as potential prognostic biomarkers of heterotopic ossification development in critically ill patients.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective observational study, BMP-2, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin were measured by ELISA in twenty-eight critically-ill, initially non-septic patients, on admission to an ICU, seven days post-admission, and thirty days after ICU discharge.

Results

In the critically-ill cohort, nine of the twenty-eight patients developed heterotopic ossification up to the 30-day follow-up time-point. The patients who developed heterotopic ossification exhibited significantly reduced BMP-2 and RANKL levels on ICU admission, compared to patients who did not; Osteoprotegerin readings were similar in both groups.

Conclusions

Critically-ill patients who will subsequently develop heterotopic ossification, have significantly lower BMP-2 and RANKL levels at the time of ICU admission, suggesting that these proteins may be useful as prognostic markers for this debilitating condition.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Motataianu Anca , Maier Smaranda , Andone Sebastian , Barcutean Laura , Serban Georgiana , Bajko Zoltan , Balasa Adrian
Published: April 2021

Introduction

An increasing trend of cancer associated stroke has been noticed in the past decade.

Objectives

To evaluate the risk factors and the incidence of neoplasia in stroke patients.

Material and Method

A retrospective, observational study was undertaken on 249 patients with stroke and active cancer (SAC) and 1563 patients with stroke without cancer (SWC). The general cardiovascular risk factors, the site of cancer, and the general clinical data were registered and evaluated. According to the “Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project” (OCSP) classification, all patients were classified into the clinical subtypes of stroke. The aetiology of stroke was considered as large-artery atherosclerosis, small vessel disease, cardio-embolic, cryptogenic or other determined cause.

Results

The severity of neurological deficits at admission were significantly higher in the SAC group (p<0.01). The haemoglobin level was significantly lower, and platelet level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in the SAC group. Glycaemia, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly higher in the SWC group. The personal history of hypertension was more frequent in the SWC group. In the SAC group, 28.9% had a cryptogenic aetiology, compared to 9.1% in SWC group. Cardio-embolic strokes were more frequent in the SAC group (24%) than the SWC group (19.6%). In the SAC group, 15,6% were diagnosed with cancer during the stroke hospitalization, and 78% of the SAC patients were without metastasis.

Conclusions

The most frequent aetiologies of stroke in cancer patients were cryptogenic stroke, followed by large-artery atherosclerosis. SAC patients had more severe neurological deficits and worse clinical outcomes than SWC patients. Stroke in cancer patients appears to be more frequently cryptogenic, probably due to cancer associated thrombosis. The association between stroke and cancer is important, especially in stroke of cryptogenic mechanism, even in the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Practical design of Ku band Vivaldi antenna array
Authors: Prouza Jakub , Raida Zbyněk
Published: April 2021

In the paper, a practical design of a Ku-band Vivaldi antenna array for compact radar system is presented. The realized gain, the beam width, polarization purity and the possible electronic beamforming in the horizontal plane were the most important requirements. Since the array was requested to show an enhanced mechanical stability, a novel geometry of elements was proposed. The Vivaldi slot was created on two substrates connected by metallic vias suppressing surface currents, and the microstrip feeder was placed in-between those substrates. Simulations are based on special approach in CST Microwave using infinite array of antenna elements, which should reduce computing time.
Electrical bioimpedance: from the past to the future
Authors: Ward Leigh C
Published: April 2021

This year, 2021, marks the “coming of age” for JoEB with its indexing in PubMed Central. It is also a century since some of the earliest studies on tissue impedance. This editorial briefly reviews the time-line of research in the field to mark this occasion.
Supervisory Empowerment Behaviors, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: A Preliminary Study
Authors: El-Kot Ghada , Burke Ronald J. , Wolpin Jacob
Published: April 2021

Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors with important work and well-being outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring.

Methodology: Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures used here had been used and validated previously by other researchers.

Findings: Work outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, psychological well-being and intent to quit. Employee perceptions of supervisory empowering behaviors predicted their levels of psychological empowerment. And both perceived levels of supervisory/leader empowerment behaviors and self-reported feelings of empowerment had significant relationships with the majority of work and well-being outcomes

Value Added: Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. This will add to the body of knowledge about Egyptian managers and other Arab regions.

Recommendations: Practical implications of these findings along with future research directions are offered. Practical applications include training supervisors on empowerment behaviors, and training all employees on the benefits of personal empowerment and efficacy and ways to increase them.
Advancements in the Evolution of Human Capacities to Know
Authors: Pharoah Mark C
Published: April 2021

The premise of this paper is that there are three distinct and hierarchical ‘categories of knowledge’ (Pharoah 2018). The first of these is physiological knowledge which is acquired over generations through the interaction between replicating lineages and the environment. This interaction facilitates the evolution of meaningful physiological structures, forms, functions, and qualitative ascriptions. Second, there is phenomenal knowledge which is qualified by the utilisation of real-time experience to effect an individuated spatiotemporal subjective perspective. This capability requires sophisticated cognitive capabilities. Conceptual knowledge is the third category and constitutes a network of abstracted principles about the spatiotemporal and phenomenal world of experience. From this starting premise, I argue that human knowledge can still be viewed as impoverished because of the absence of the next category which has not yet emerged. I suggest that this category will be apparent when a fuller understanding is acquired concerning the dynamic nature of concept construction and structuring. This will demand a transdisciplinary and multimodal approach.
Clitic-verb non-adjacency and the inertial theory of grammatical change: evidence from the history of European Portuguese
Authors: Nkollo Mikołaj
Published: April 2021

Although clitic-verb non-adjacency is a minor linear pattern in contemporary European Portuguese (EP), it showed a significant frequency in the Classical and early Modern eras. The aims of the study are twofold. First, an attempt is made to pinpoint the contribution of the cl-X-verb model to the non-morphological attachment of proclitics to their verbal hosts in present-day EP. By means of a corpus analysis conducted in the 17th through 19th century texts, clitic-verb non-adjacency is demonstrated to have helped eliminate clitic -specific allomorphy in the preverbal domain. Its precise role consisted in preventing proclitics from being integrated into their hosts. The second aim is to see how this diagnosis fits in with the inertial model of grammatical change. In line with Longobardi’s proposal (2001), innovation in the syntactic processing of preverbal pronouns is claimed to have come about as a side-effect of the changes in more peripheral modules of grammar, i.e. in phonology and morphology.
The development of the uses ofha / ha vái / ha sma váiwith or without the narrative perfect and language layers in the old Yajurveda-Saṁhitā texts
Authors: Amano Kyoko
Published: April 2021

It is well known that the perfect with the particlehais used in the narrative sense in the younger Vedic prose. In the older Vedic prose,Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā(MS),Kāṭhaka-Saṁhitā(KS) andTaittirīya-Saṁhitā(TS), there is a certain distribution of past tense categories: the imperfect for the gods myths and the perfect for the past of the period of predecessors. It is supposed that the latter use of the perfect was extended to the area of the former use of the imperfect.

In this paper, uses of the particlehain the three Yajurveda-Saṁhitā texts will be examined. The results suggest that the different uses ofhacharacterize different language layers in these texts. The following points are of special interest:

1)haandha váiwith the present verb often characterize a logical consequence derived from the context; hence, they mean “namely, in conclusion”. Many examples of this use are found in MS, but fewer in KS and TS.

2)ha sma ( ā́ )with the present indicative indicates a repeated and habitual action in the past. In MS, it is almost always used with āha (functionally present) and indicates a ritual opinion of predecessors: “(A predecessor, i.e. Aruṇa Aupaveśi or Keśin Satyakāmi) used to say.” KS and TS have examples with verbs other thanāha.

3)hawith the perfect hardly appears in MS, but KS and TS have many examples.

4)ha vai ... uvācain KS corresponds toha sma (vā́)āhain MS in the parallel passages. This may be the origin of the narrative use of the perfect.

It may be concluded that the language of KS and that of TS are close to each other and that the language of MS has different features from them, even though it is generally supposed that MS and KS belonged to the same branch but TS to another. Moreover, linguistic innovations occurred not always gradually, but through certain innovative authors. This may provide a new perspective for clarifying the relations between the three texts and their process of composition.
As above, so below: textual variation in the Paippalāda sūryā-sūkta
Authors: de Joseph Kristen
Published: April 2021

This contribution will address the variants among parallel versions of this hymn, with special attention to the Paippalāda version (of which a critical edition is currently in preparation), and how these variants reflect the different chronology, socio-religious goals and textual history of the different recensions.
Paget’s Disease of Bone Diagnosed on SPECT/CT: A Case Report
Authors: Vyazmin V.
Published: April 2021

I reported a case of a seventy-five-year-old woman with a backache and pain in left femur. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of back, pelvis and hips showed bone marrow lesion suggesting bone metastasis. The patient was admitted to nuclear medicine department of Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center. Single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) of the skeletal system together with several laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus), provided grounds for the diagnosis of Paget’s disease. The patient was qualified for treatment to the Rheumatologist.
Practice, Perception, and Associations of Peer Learning Among Resident Doctors in Nigeria: Charting Study
Authors: Adebayo Oladimeji , Igbokwe Martin , Kanmodi Kehinde , Amoo Abimbola , Olaopa Olusegun , Oiwoh Sebastine , Kpuduwei Selekeowei Peter Kespi , Grillo Elizabeth , Babalola Rereloluwa , Popoola Gbenga , Oladimeji Florence Anne , Omololu Ayanfe , Ogunsuji Oluwaseyi , Fagbule Francis , Ibisola Babalola Adeniyi , Efuntoye Oluwafemi , Adebayo Makinde Adeniyi , Buowari Dabota Yvonne , Sokomba Aliyu
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Peer learning is an important component of the postgraduate medical curriculum, and it is considered as an integral part of learning in some countries. The practice of peer learning among postgraduate trainees, especially the resident doctors, is an area that has not been explored in Nigeria and other third world countries. This study aims to examine the practice, perception, and drivers of peer-to-peer training in Nigeria.

Methodology: This study was a national multi-centre and multi-disciplinary cross-sectional survey, conducted among resident doctors in Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain respondents’ biodata, perception and practice on peer learning. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 software. Results were presented as frequency table and proportion, means, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics such as bivariate analysis was performed.

Results: Majority, 287 (73.2%), considered the peer education programme as an appropriate learning practice, 173 (45.9%) considered peer education programme integrated part of the training, while 350/383 (88.2%) engaged in a peer education programme. Statistically, a significant association was found between those who considered peer training as appropriate (p = 0.038) and those who considered peer education as an integral part of postgraduate medical training curriculum (p =0.009).

Conclusion: Peer learning is popular among resident doctors in Nigeria. Concerted efforts are needed to re-structure the residency training curriculum in order to maximize the benefits of this learning approach for an effective training programme.
Poisoning-Induced Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: Mechanism and Outcome
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chun , Lin Nai-Hui , Yang Hsiu-Wu , Su Yu-Jang
Published: April 2021

Background: pulmonary edema results from the shift of excessive fluid into the alveoli space and can be clinically classified into cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic by pathophysiology. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism, outcomes, and prevention of poisoning induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (PINCPE).

Materials and methods: we conducted a study on etiology, epidemiology, mechanism, risk, and length of hospital stay in PINCPE. A PubMed search using terms: poisoning and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. From 1986 to 2017, a total of 15 articles with 16 cases (2 cases in one article) were included. Cut-off value of mean age was used for classification of subjects into younger group and older group, and length of stay (LOS) was compared between the two groups.

Results: the age range of the patients was 7 to 72 years, and the average age (mean ± SD [standard deviation]) was 35.7±19.5 years. Among the reported substances in PINCPE, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were most frequently used (n=8; 50%). In electrocardiogram (ECG), sinus tachycardia (n=8; 50%) was the most common finding. The overall rate of intubation with mechanical ventilator support was 81.3%. The mortality rate was 12.5%. Among patients with PINCPE, LOS was significantly shorter in the younger group aged <35.7 years than in the older group (5.7 vs. 8.9; p=.022).

Conclusion: CCB was the most common etiologic agent in PINCPE. Up to 81.3% of PINCPE cases required intubation with ventilator support due to respiratory failure. LOS may increase 3.2 days if the case is complicated with extra-pulmonary organ failure.
Is the Transition to Bioeconomy a Sustainable Solution in Fast-fashion Industry, Considering the Overconsumption? - Premises for Future Research
Authors: Ciornea Raluca
Published: April 2021

The main objective of the paper is to inquire if bioeconomy is a “saving” sustainable solution to major problems caused by fast-fashion industry - consumption of non-renewable and scarce natural resources, waste generation, pollution - in the actual conditions of overconsumption and consumption intensification due to accelerated increase of global population. A closer look reveals that not only that fast-fashion industry is not bridging the gap to sustainability, but also that its transit to bioeconomy (which is the main alternative proposed by global organisms to increase sustainability) may deepen the global issues wanted to be solved, if the current business models are maintained. Insides evidence that individual overconsumption outpaces the fast-fashion industry’s efforts to create a sustainable bio-economic system, thus is imperative to redesign the business models to use less important natural resources and to reduce the environmental impact, while in parallel discourage the overconsumption. Consequently, fast-fashion business models need to have a sustainable holistic approach and incorporate sustainable measures, which are able to shift the consumer behaviour from overconsumption to sustainable choices, in their marketing objectives, strategies and actions. Based on the findings, premises for future research were proposed.
A Partition of unity finite element method for valuation American option under Black-Scholes model
Authors: El kharrazi Zaineb , Izem Nouh , Malek Mustapha , Saoud Sahar
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we present an intelligent combination of partition of unity (PU) and finite element (FE) methods for valuing American option pricing problems governed by the Black-Scholes (BS) model. The model is based on a partial differential equation (PDE) from which one can deduce the Black-Scholes formula, which gives a theoretical estimated value of options using current stock prices, expected dividends, the option’s strike price, expected interest rates, time to expiration and expected volatility. Although the finite element method (FEM) seems to be an alternative tool for pricing options with a few applications reported in the literature, this combination called the Partition of Unity Finite Element Method (PUFEM) appears to offer many of the desired properties. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to locally refine the solution by adapting an incorporated specific class of enrichment in the finite element space instead of generating a new fine mesh for the problem under study. Numerical computations are carried out to show a huge reduction in the number of degrees of freedom required to achieve a fixed accuracy which confirms that the PUFE method used is very efficient and gives better accuracy than the conventional FE method.
Dansens Lärande
Authors: Román Gun
Published: April 2021

This article is about two artistic-pedagogical projects in contemporary dance at the University of Dance and Circus (DOCH) in Stockholm, during 2001–2004. In Sweden there has not been any research concerning the teaching of contemporary dance within Higher Education. Together with the dance teachers in contemporary dance we started a developmental project where we tried to catch the core of the education in dance technique, the visions of the teachers, their teaching and how it related to their backgrounds. I also wanted to pay attention to the place of art within dance technique. Through the project the teaching and the role of the teacher becomes visible. Out of the project grows a modern Master-teacher- method (mästarlära), a conscious, reflexive teaching related to learning theories.
The Dance Project (im)Perfections as a Deep Educational Experience of Plurality
Authors: Østern Tone Pernille
Published: April 2021

The focus of this article on the experiences of learning of the participants in the Norwegian-Australian dance project Perfect (im)Perfections–stories untold (shortened to P(im)P). The context for the research project is the Australian choreographer Philip Channells’ four week long residency in Trondheim, Norway, where he produced a dance performance together with 20 very different dancers for MultiPlié dance festival 2014. The dancers varied in age from 23 to 80, they were differently bodied, some worked professionally with dance, others were dancing for almost the first time. The dancers seemed to have strong experiences, including a sense of deep learning, as they took part in the project. That led the author to an investigation of theory about deep learning (Tochon 2010) and about doing and acting plurality as an educational experience (Biesta 2006, 2014). In addition to following the production period as an observer, the author interviewed six of the dancers and the choreographer about their experiences in the project. As the author interprets the interviews through the theoretical lenses created by combining the perspectives of Tochon and Biesta she characterises the pedagogical opportunities and value in P(im)P as a deep educational experience of plurality.
Dance Teacher Educators’ Identity
Authors: Rustad Hilde , Skreiberg Marit
Published: April 2021

This article investigates the professional identity of dance teacher educators by looking at one specific educator. We show how the practice-based dance knowledge acquired through the act of dancing creates a foundation for teaching dance and dance teaching, as well as theoretical dance subjects, such as dance pedagogy. Through this research, it has become apparent that there has been a lack of educator education in dance teacher education in Norway, and therefore, dance teacher educators can be understood to be self-taught. We show how, by making conscious choices, dance teacher educators have the possibility to enter and pursue educator education; how, through these choices, one gains new experiences; and how meaning making and experience are closely connected with identity construction as an ongoing process. The article adopts a phenomenological research approach inspired by Max van Manen, and the materials were gathered through interviews, conversations and textual readings.
Coffee and Choreography – Considering collaboration in conversation
Authors: Þórhallsdóttir Sveinbjörg , Ketilsdóttir Steinunn
Published: April 2021

In a casual conversation over a cup of coffee, Icelandic choreographers Steinunn Ketilsdóttir and Sveinbjörg Þórhallsdóttir look back and contemplate their choreographic collaborations, Belinda and Goddess (2011), Ride (2014) and #PRIVATEPUSSY (2015). In a discussion and debate, they attempt to define their collaboration, reminiscing and reflecting on their processes. They look back and discuss the challenges they faced and the development of ideas and working methods that took place throughout their time working together.
Waltzing with Strindberg: Exploring Practices of Memory in A Dream Play
Authors: von Rosen Astrid , Nilsson Mats
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to explore embodied practices of memory in Strindberg’s drama A Dream Play from a dance perspective. It is demonstrated that a profound exploration of this hitherto underexplored perspective can provide a fuller and more critically productive understanding of the drama. Even if in recent years international Strindberg studies has moved away from narrowly text-oriented and biographical approaches to his work, and toward multimedia, visual and multisensory aspects of it, dance and choreography are still rare topics within the field. In the article we first look at how Strindberg employed dance in the dramatic text for A Dream Play, and then expand on his dance contexts. Thirdly, we turn to a TV version of A Dream Play from 1980 to explore in particular how the waltz, an immensely popular dance form in Strindberg’s time, evokes and embodies cultural memories in the production. What is presented in the article draws on and further expands our work within the project «Dream-playing across borders: accessing the non-texts of Strindberg’s A Dream Play in Düsseldorf, 1915–18 and beyond», at the University of Gothenburg.
Stehblues–Do You Want to Dance with Me?
Authors: Çam Ninel
Published: April 2021

The participatory dance performance STEHBLUES was created by the duo of Ninel Çam (an artist) and Chris Schaal (a filmmaker), who travel to different cities, mark a 2m x 2m area in a public space, and display an illustrated sign that lets passersby know that they can dance with the standing-and-waiting artist if they want. Chris Schaal documents the performances through still images and videos. Moving images are live-streamed to the World Cafe in Stuttgart.

In STEHBLUES, the artist stands in the midst of the marked field in a public space, waiting until a stranger is willing to slow-dance with her. As soon as someone volunteers, a relationship is created in this sphere of dance and becomes an ephemeral part of the city, of the culture, of the world. STEHBLUES travels to different cities that have invited this project to be part of their culture or to cities with which the artists feel a connection.
A Sámi media system?
Authors: Rasmussen Torkel , Sara Inker-Anni , Krøvel Roy
Published: April 2021

In this article, we propose a history of Sámi journalism and news media as a step in the direction of analysing the existing media system in Sápmi. Numerous Sámi activists and organisations have contributed to the establishment and running of Sámi media – in interaction, cooperation, and conflict with external actors such as missionaries, investors, and state institutions. This has resulted in a rich and vivid Sámi media environment and infrastructure, with many of the characteristics of a media system. However, fundamental processes governing the Sámi media system are subjected to regulations, procedures, and institutions external to Sámi society. This article calls for greater Sámi self-determination over key elements of the media system.
Political parallelism in Iceland
Authors: Guðmundsson Birgir
Published: April 2021

My main objective in this article is to examine the importance of political parallelism in Iceland through establishing the extent to which political parallelism is perceived to char-acterise political communication in Iceland by politicians and voters. Political parallelism is one of the defining elements of Hallin and Mancini's typology of media systems. Based on candidate surveys from five elections and a voter survey, indexes of perceived political parallelism are configured for politicians and voters. The analysis suggests a high degree of perceived political parallelism and that the perceptions are reflected in partisan ideological views of individual media outlets. The same – or at least similar – perceptions about political parallelism in the media system seem to penetrate the system irrespective of age and at the national, local, and individual level of politics. However, voters and candidates of social democratic and liberal internationally oriented parties perceive a significantly lower degree of parallelism than others.
News consumption patterns in Iceland
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Valgerður
Published: April 2021

News consumption has changed dramatically in the digital age, becoming increasingly complicated and fragmented. In this study, I analyse news consumption patterns in Iceland, drawing on data from a survey conducted in 2017, and compare it with news consumption in other Nordic countries. It is the first such study in Iceland in the digital age. The findings demonstrate that news are widely consumed by the general public, as in general in the Nordic region. Online sites are Icelanders’ most popular main source of news, followed by television and then social media. Legacy media are still most people's primary source of news, even if they are accessed on new platforms. Like in other Nordic countries, a small minority interacts with news online.
Živobran
Authors: Bakota Lidija
Published: April 2021

The paper will present the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran (1894–1904) and explore its contribution to the development of social awareness on natural, cultural and ethical values of animal species with special reference to their educational role in the promotion of animal rights among the Croatian school population at the turn of the 20th century. Namely, by carrying out the cooperation with school institutions, the magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals directly affected the formation of students’ thinking, standpoints and relations toward the animal world. The research corpus encompasses texts published in the journal/magazine of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals Živobran in the period from 1894 to 1904. The paper is a contribution to the research of Croatian cultural zoology and literary ecology.
A tool for precise calculation of organ doses in voxelised geometries using GAMOS/Geant4 with a graphical user interface
Authors: Dubois Pedro Arce , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Trung Nguyen Thien , Azcona Juan Diego , Aguilar-Redondo Pedro-Borja
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The limit of the method of calculating organ doses using voxelised phantoms with a Monte Carlo simulation code is that dose calculation errors in the boundaries of the organs are especially relevant for thin, small or complex geometries. In this report, we describe a tool that helps overcome this problem, accurately calculating organ doses by applying the “parallel geometry” utility feature of Geant4 through the GAMOS framework.

Methods and methods: We have tried to simplify the use of this tool by automatically processing the different DICOM image modalities (CT, PT, ST, NM), and by including the automatic conversion of the structures found in a DICOM RTSTRUCT file into Geant4 volumes that build the parallel geometry. For Nuclear Medicine applications, the DICOM PT, ST or NM images are converted into probabilities of generation of primary particles in each voxel, and the DICOM CT images into materials and material densities. For radiotherapy treatments, the DICOM RTPlan or RTIonPlan may also be used, hence the user only needs to describe the accelerator geometry. We also provide a Graphical User Interface for ease of use by for inexperienced users in Monte Carlo.

Results: We have tested the functionality of the tool with an I-131 thyroid cancer treatment, and obtained the expected energy deposition and dose differences, given that the particle source, geometry and structures are defined.

Conclusions: In summary, we provide an easy-to-use tool to calculate, with high accuracy, organ doses, taking into account their exact geometry as painted by the medical personnel on a voxelised phantom.
Landscape Changes Related to the Development of Tourism – The Example of the Recreational Area of Lake Białe and Lake Glinki
Authors: Krukowska Renata , Krukowski Mirosław
Published: April 2021

Introduction
. The article contains an analysis of landscape changes taking place as a result of the development of tourism in the areas of Lake Białe and Lake Glinki (eastern Poland).

Material and methods
. The paper refers to the results of research covering the years of 1960-1990 and shows the changes in space that took place until 2017. In the first stage of the research, the methods of analysis of archival materials and land use plans were used. In the last period, remote sensing methods were applied – the orthophotomap from 2017 and cadastral data were used to classify land use.

Results.
In the first period of the development of the recreational region (until 1990), a decrease in the area of meadows and pastures, forest areas and arable land was noticed in favour of areas occupied for collective and individual recreational buildings. The most recent changes in the landscape show a decreasing importance of the agricultural function (mainly a decrease in the arable land area) and an increase in colonisation space, related to summer buildings and areas with a recreational function (wooded areas).

Conclusions.
With a view to further development of tourism in the area of Lake Białe and Lake Glinki, particular emphasis should be placed on harmonising land use and spatial development.