bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intensional Formalization of Generic Statements
Authors: Bergier Hugolin
Published: April 2023

A statement is generic if it expresses a generalization about
the members of a kind, as in, ’Pear trees blossom in May,’ or, ’Birds lay
egg’. In classical logic, generic statements are formalized as universally
quantified conditionals: ’For all x, if ..., then ....’ We want to argue that
such a logical interpretation fails to capture the intensional character of
generic statements because it cannot express the generic statement as
a simple proposition in Aristotle’s sense, i.e., a proposition containing
only one single predicate. On the contrary, we’ll show that lambda abstraction
and combinatory logic can help us transform the classical,
non-simple and extensional expression of generic statements into a new,
simple and intensional formalization, through the introduction of an
operator that we will call ALL*. We will show that this new operator
allows for the possibility of a single predication, e.g. fly(), because it
builds, out of a concept like ’bird’, a concrete universal, e.g. ’birds’, upon
which the single predicate can be applied to authentically formalize a
generic statement, e.g. ’birds fly’.
EFFECT OF FLOWER THINNING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘`STANLEY`’ PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)
Authors: RADIVOJEVIC Dragan , TESIC Nemanja , SPASOJEVIC Slavica , OPARNICA Cedo , SPASIC Dusan , MILIVOJEVIC Jasminka
Published: April 2023

Plum is the most important fruit crop for cultivation in Serbia. However, a small amount of plum fruit is sold as fresh fruit due to its poor quality. In order to improve fruit quality and obtain regular and high yield chemical blossom thinning agents were applied. The experiment was conducted on seven-year-old plum trees of cultivar `Stanley` which were planted on distance 5x5 m. Ammonium thiosulphate and ethephon were applied in the next treatments: 1) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% (ATS); 2) ethephon 0.015% (E); 3) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% + ethephon 0.015% (ATS + E); 4) hand thinning (HT); 5) untreated control treatment (UTC). Chemical thinning treatments were performed once during the phase of full bloom, while hand thinning treatment was performed after the fall of unfertilized fruitlets at the end of May. Parameters analyzed were yield, fruit size, fruit weight, pit weight, fruit firmness, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, total acid content and the amount of harvested fruits per time unit. The obtained results have shown that ATS + E, ATS and HT treatments significantly reduced the number of fruits on the trees compared to the control treatment. However, yield per tree was reduced significantly only in the ATS + E treatment. Other treatments compensated for the smaller number of fruits per tree with a significantly larger fruit size. Since the fruit size was larger on treated trees, the amount of harvested fruits per time unit was significant compared to control treatment. There were no significant differences among the applied treatments in terms of fruit firmness, soluble solids and total acid content.
THE ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS – SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: SAVESCU Petre , POPESCU Georgeta
Published: April 2023

Organic agricultural products are the best raw materials for food products with high nutritional density (food supplements, functional foods, and nutraceuticals). The applied technologies in the organic farming system use inputs free of hormones, GMOs, pesticides, antibiotics and other synthetic substances - and all of these allow both the preservation of the bio-availability of the active compounds during processing and the elimination of toxicological risks in final food products. The authors present an innovative approach to the production technology specific to a food product with high nutritional density that is developed from raw materials from Romania. The production of quality foods with high nutritional density can be supported both by Romania's huge potential within the production system specific to ecological agriculture and by the increased demand for such products with added value. The use of special techniques of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), extraction of active bio-compounds with the help of supercritical agents (SFE), molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) facilitates the monitoring of food safety for both raw materials and final foods.
EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION LEVELS ON PHYTOREMEDIATIONPROPERTIES OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
Authors: SIMIĆ Aleksandar , BRAJEVIĆ Snežana , ANDREJIĆ Gordana , DŽELETOVIĆ Željko , ALEKSIĆ Uroš , SOKOLOVIĆ Dejan
Published: April 2023

The experiment was set up in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade with the aim of investigating potential of perennial ryegrass (Loliumperennial L.) to grow on substrates of exceptionally unfavorable characteristics. Tailings, characterized by very poor physical and chemical properties and deficiency in nutrients were used as substrate. The research examined effects of three different fertilizers and two irrigation levels on plant growth and assimilation of Cu and Cd. There were statistically highly significant differences in plant height between plants treated with different fertilizers. Plants treated with organic fertilizer were tallest at 45.8 cm, while the plants treated with mineral fertilizer were shortest at 22.5 cm. Amounts of the assimilated metals varied between different type of fertilizers. The highest content of Cu, about 75 mg kg-1 was recorded in plants treated with mineral fertilizer and irrigated moderately while the lowest concentrations of about 30 mg kg-1were measured in the same plants after the first cutting. There were no differences among plants treated with organic fertilizers in Cu amounts,under two irrigation levels. The second cutting showed a small increase in the assimilated amounts of Cu. Highest Cd concentration of 2.7 mg kg-1 was recorded in the plants treated with combination of both organic and mineral fertilizers.
SOIL QUALITY OF HIGH NATURAL VALUE FARMLAND BY SUCEAVA AREA
Authors: DUMITRAȘCU Monica , ANGHEL Amelia Victoria
Published: April 2023

HNV agricultural systems were first described as agricultural systems of predominantly low intensity which imply a relatively complex relation with the environment. They preserve important habitats on both cultivated and grazed land and they include diverse landscape elements such as hedgerows, fruit trees, or lakes/ponds. In the European Union Strategy framework of mitigating climate change, protecting the environment, and ensuring public health, following researches that undertook the task to build the first national soil data base from the high natural value areas (HNV). One of the eligible area for HNV compensatory payments, where was analyzed the fertility state of soils is located in the Suceava area. It was studied in six depth profiles and six adjacent agrochemical samples collected from the 0-20 cm layer. Chemical analyses showed that the soils prove to be rather poor, but within the limits frequently encountered in such areas, with an acceptable level of fertility and good conditions for characteristic plants growth. Cationic exchange capacity is generally low. Excessive nitrates quantities were determined in the upper horizon of two of the analyzed profiles. Both of these profiles belong to the HNV administered territory therefore; compliance with the set of rules regarding HNV eligibility should be more attentively monitored.
A SENSITIVE SANDY SOIL UNDER PASTURE AS MICROORGANISM HABITAT PROVIDER
Authors: EFTENE Alina , MANEA Alexandrina , CALCIU Irina , LĂCĂTUȘU Anca Rovena , VIZITIU Olga , RĂDUCU Daniela , DUMITRU Sorina
Published: April 2023

The sandy soils are sensitive ecosystems, being in a precarious equilibrium with the pedolandscape conditions, any changes could bring drastically modifications into the soil environment. The researches had been performed in Suceava Tableland, in Stephan the Great area, on a Luvosol albic-psamic, lamelar. The researches in the paper focused on the upper part of the argic horizon, on Bt1 sub-horizon characteristics at macro- and microscopic scale. In this respect, at the macro-morphological level, the Bt1 sub-horizon is composed of a sequence of thick lamellae (3–5 cm) separated by the inter-lamellar spaces. The granulometric analysis showed that the lamellae had a medium loamy texture, while the inter-lamellar spaces had coarse granulometric composition. At micromorphological level, the image emphasized, in the lamellae, the presence of the clayey±Fe±humiccoating the mineral grains and clogging part of the inter-granular spaces. The results of the microbiological investigation showed a concentration of the microorganisms into the lamellae, while in the inter-lamellar spaces, their development has been scarce. The total counts of bacteria and fungi registered low number (16.81 x 106 viable cells x g-1d.s. and 1.026 x 103cfus x g-1d.s., respectively). Despite of these results, the data of the global indicator of the soil microbiological activity, the soil respiration respectively, attend high level of activity (31.357 mg CO2 x g-1d.s.). The researches pointed out that the sandy soil is a very sensitive environment for the soil life, but the presence of the clayey±Fe lamellae proved to be a hospitable habitat.
PHYSICAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF SOME SOILS FROM DOLJCOUNTY
Authors: MANEA Alexandrina , MIHAIL Dumitru , GHERGHINA Alina , CALCIU Irina , RADUCU Daniela , ANGHEL Amelia
Published: April 2023

The quantity and quality of yield is determined by the soil quality. The agriculture is one of the main human activities that affect soil quality. In Dolj, the agriculture occupies an important place in the economy of the County. The main soils found in DoljCounty were Chernozems and Luvisols. Several indicators are used to quantify the physical quality of the soil.

To assess soil physical quality, disturbed samples from each pedogenetic horizon were collected to analyse: particle size distribution, soil organic content, dispersion and macrohydrostability. Undisturbed samples were also collected (by using a core sampler), for: bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration determination. The degree of compaction, the packing density, the structural stability index as well as the structural instability index were obtained by calculation.  The results showed that according to the degree of compaction values, both studied Luvisols (except ArenicLuvisols), and HyposodicCalcaro-calcic Chernozems and Haplic Chernozems with fine texture were severely compacted and required loosening works. Most of the studied horizons of Luvisols had low – extremely low permeability. With a few exceptions, the values of the resistance to penetration were medium. The HyposodicCalcaro-calcic Chernozems shows the highest values of structural instability index.
PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS POLLUTED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY USING CYCLODEXTRINS
Authors: ROZSNYAI Mariana , PLOPEANU Georgiana , MARINESCU Mihai
Published: April 2023

The main characteristics of the pollution caused by refineries and petrochemical plants is that the source of pollution is active, most of the time, for a short period of time, but has an important intensity, the pollutiong agent being usualy made up of limited pretoleum fractions. Also, in most of tha cases of accidental spills of petroleum products, the affected soil surface is much smaller than the contaminated surface of the first aquifer encountered by the pollution front. The crude oil resulting from the extraction, having a complex composition, acts on the soil depending on the amount, composition and properties of the organic and inorganic components contained. β-Cyclodextrin is a chemical substance with the molecular formula C42H70O35. Cyclodextrins were the first compounds studied in terms of complexation behaviour and catalytic properties, the objective being to mimic enzymes. The paper presents data concerning the soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics and chemical characteristics of crude oil that will be used in the Greenhouse experiment. Also, in the paper is achieved the state of the art for β-cyclodextrins used in bioremediation of soils polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons.
PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING THE SAPROXYLIC SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) IN ROSCI0045 CORIDORUL JIULUI, ROMANIA
Authors: BĂRBUCEANU Daniela , NICULESCU Laurenţiu , PRUNAR Florin , ŢÎBÎRNAC Marcel , STEIU Corina , FLOREA Emilia , NICULESCU Mariana
Published: April 2023

Observations carried out in May-September 2022 in CoridorulJiului, a Natura 2000 area located in the south-western part of Romania, highlighted 16 species of Cerambycidae beetles. The landscape, local climate and forest management impact the diversity and distribution of these species in the site. All species have been listed on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, of which, Cerambyx cerdo, Rosalia alpina and Morimus asper funereus are also included in the Natura 2000 network. Five species were recorded for the first time in this area. Furthermore, another species noted, Isotomus speciosus, is a rare species in many European countries. The saproxylic character of these beetles makes them an essential participant within the forest ecosystem, which is why a responsible management of the forests in the Coridorul Jiului area is necessary to maintain the populations of these coleopterans on a stable trend.
FOUNTAINE WATER POTABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE SUCEAVA COUNTY
Authors: IACOBAN Carmen , BUCULEI Amelia
Published: April 2023

Due to the qualitative changes of groundwater, produced by pollution with substances that alter the physical, chemical and biological qualities of water, at the level of individual water sources (wells), there are frequently recorded exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration for chemical parameters such as ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, hardness, etc.

The quality of water in wells is influenced by the soil structure and various sources of pollution and the excessive use of fertilizer for fertilization and also by rain washing of agricultural soils (especially in winter). The presence of severe storms can be important sources of nitrate contamination for surface waters. Even the natural structure of the soil can alter the quality of the water.

Increased concentrations of nitrate in drinking water can be produced by several sources already mentioned, but also by the non-compliance with hygienic-sanitary conditions and location of wells. The goal of this study is to increase the awareness of the importance of monitoring the quality of the water that people consumes. Systematic monitoring of the quality of drinking water is essential, considering the negative influence of the exceedence of maximum admissible values for some parameters, especially on the organisms of children and infants for whom can even lead to death. The results show that the maximum admissible limit values for nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the fountaine water from the Suceava district are exceeded in some cases, while the other parameters under investigation are in general within the permissible limits.
SYNTHETIC AMPHIDIPLOID WHEAT – A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF RAISING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: IANCU Paula , SOARE Marin
Published: April 2023

Synthetic wheat is from the genetic point of view an amphidiploid which combines the genome of parents. It often exhibits superior characteristics that contribute to the enlargement of genetic variation in breeding programs or in the development of new varieties. Breeding programs of NARDI Fundulea, the most important agricultural research unit in Romania began to increase genetic variability by incorporating wild genes to exploit the improvement of wheat through crosses with wild ancestors and succeeded in creating lines of synthetic wheat with some higher quality components. Experimented lines of these programs proved to be an efficient and beneficial source of new genes for common wheat quality from the southern area of Romania.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSESIN THE ROSE PLANTS (ROSA SP.) ATTACKED BY THE PHRAGMIDIUM MUCRONATUM (PERS.) SCHLTDL.
Authors: NICOLAE Ion , BUȘE-DRAGOMIR Luminița
Published: April 2023

The influence of the treatment with fungicides on the physiological processes were observed in the rose plants (Rosa sp.) cultivated in the climatic conditions in Olteniaregion.The physiological researches were performed on August 15th 2021, both for plants treated with Topsin M70 (0,1%) and Dithane M45 (0,2%), in four phases, at 7 days interval and also for the plants attacked by Phragmidiummucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl. in which treatments have not been performed. The photosynthesis intensity and transpiration intensity record lower values as a result of the effects produced by the pathogen manifested by the appearance yellow-orange pustules (urediniospores) and the brown or black pustules (teliospores). In the leaves of the plants analysed after performing treatments with fungicides it was registered a higher water content and clorophyll content, in comparison with the plants in which fungicide treatments have been performed.
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE CROP PLAN FOR THE EAST AREA OF ROMANIA, IN THE CONTEXT OF DRY-FARMING
Authors: RISNOVEANU Luxita , OPREA Daniela , GHIORGHE Alin Ionel , BRAILA Marian
Published: April 2023

Implementation of the dry-farming work system is one of the solutions that allow maintaining the balance between the growing demand for the production of food and plant materials with different uses, together with the negative impact that intensive agriculture has on the planet's natural resources. The paper aims to observe how some species of oilseed plants, namely Sinapisalba L., Linumusitatissimum L., and Coriandrumsativum L., can adapt to the prolonged drought conditions of the south-eastern part of Romania and its impact on the quality and quantity of the harvests obtained. Sinapisalba L. proved to be the plant with the highest sensitivity to the lack of precipitation, suffering losses of 70-80%. The emergence of coriander was higher compared to flax and mustard.
RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE AND ABUNDANCE OF BEETLES (ORD. COLEOPTERA)FROM SOME CORN CROPS IN NORTHERN MOLDOVA-ROMANIA
Authors: TĂLMACIU Mihai , TĂLMACIU Nela , MITREA Ion , HEREA Monica
Published: April 2023

Within this station, three experimental variants were initiated that targeted the preceding culture. Therefore, the variants studied were: V1 maize in monoculture; V2 corn after sunflower; V3 corn after wheat. Barber-type soil traps were used to collect biological material, they worked continuously from April to July 2021, where a number of 5 collections were made for each variant. Barber traps consist of plastic containers of approx. 10-12 centimeters high and about 8-10 centimeters in diameter in which I used a salt solution (NaCl) with a concentration of about 20% as fixing liquid. Six traps were used for each experimental variant. Samples were collected at 12-15 day intervals when we changed the fixative – saline solution, replenished or, if necessary, replaced. The collected species were cleaned of all plant remains, other impurities, and then the coleoptera species were selected separately, and with the help of determinants they were identified. The structure, dynamics and abundance of coleopteran species were then determined according to each experimental variant, and the most frequently collected were: Tanymecus dilaticollis, Epicometis hirta, Coccinela 7- punctata, Harpalus calceatus, Harpalus distinguendus Formіcomus pedestrіs, Phyllotreta vittula, Opatrum sabulosum and Pentodonidiota.
STUDY REGARDING CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL TERRITORIAL PLANNING OF AN ARABLE LAND
Authors: CIOBOATĂ Marius , BRUMAR Dragomir
Published: April 2023

The main objective pursued in this work was the concentration of agricultural land surfaces in optimally sized units in order to efficiently exploit natural and material resources. Thus, through this work, the organization and development of the territory for the area of ​​126.47 ha, arable use category, related to the locality of Amăraștii de Jos, Dolj county, located in the outskirts and under private administration, was carried out.
METHODS OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT BY USING AUTOMATED AND COMPUTERIZED WORK TECHNIQUES IN THE CEREALS GRINDING PROCESS
Authors: VASILE Cristian
Published: April 2023

The technological flow from a compound feed factory is a very complex one, starting from the storage of raw materials in special bunkers, then their movement to the processing installations with the help of conveyor belts, grinding the cereals, adding all the ingredients indicated by the assortment recipe, mixing and homogenization, and finally granulation and sterilization of the finished product obtained. As can be seen, one of the basic activities carried out during the production process of various types of compound feed is the grinding of cereal grains, which involves the release of small dust particles into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is aimed to use high-performance work installations in compound feed factories, with a high degree of mechanization, automation and computerization, with high productivity and low specific consumption, to ensure a rigorous monitoring of dust and other noxes according to accepted European norms. This article analyses the technical working parameters in the cereals grinding area and presents the results of the experimental measurements carried out in the dust discharge areas, which prove the advantage of using automated and computerized work installations, equipped with special filters which respect the optimal projected parameters and which ensure the rules imposed by the European Union for the protection of the environment.
RESEARCHES ON THE FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY RESPECTIVE POTENTIAL DEGREES HELD BY THE OFFSHOOTS ISSUED FROM CERTAIN VINE KINDS FOR TABLE GRAPES CULTIVATED IN THE DEALUL OLT - DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD
Authors: VĂRZARU Cristian , MĂRĂCINEANU Liviu , GIUGEA Nicolae
Published: April 2023

The local climate’s potentialities from which the Drăgășani vineyard does effectively benefit do allow the vine plants not just to realize within their grapes the respective synthesis processes of whatever among their finally obtained chemical constituents no matter how complex their structures could be but furthermore to achieve them under some quite large quantitative ratios. Yet this genuine natural abundance of climate potentialities is accompanied by no climate roughnesses at all which could concomitantly have caused to the grapes whatever losses and alterations that might subsequently have deteriorated their genuinely established intrinsic constitutive harmony. The statistical data respectively gathered in regard to the fertility degrees, the productive ratio of their offshoots as well as the quantities and qualities of their grapes’harvests for some vine kinds cultivated in the Drăgășani zone which do produce table grapes such as: CoarnãNeagrã, Afuz Ali, Victoria or ChasselasDoré do attest the respective facts that the above mentioned vine kinds do provide outputs which simultaneously are economically profitable and qualitatively the best.  Insofar the production of sultanas could be concerned the statistical indices which have been recorded in the respective cases of the vine kinds of Sultaninã and Cãlina (which is a created hybrid between the kinds of Sultaninã and Braghinã) are attesting the respective achievements of some both quantitatively adequate or either very good harvests and bearing an excellent level of quality.
Examining School Administrators' Authentic Leadership Behaviors By Gender Variable: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: DAĞLI Sümeyye Kübra
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of gender on the authentic leadership behaviors of school administrators by using the meta-analysis method. In the research, 13 postgraduate theses, which were included in the database of the National Thesis Center system of the Council of Higher Education between 2013 and 2023, on the authentic leadership of school administrators and selected according to certain criteria, were used. The sample of the research consists of 6257 teachers and school administrators, 3652 female and 2605 male, obtained from postgraduate theses. As a result of the meta-analysis for the analysis of the data, the effect size of gender on the perceived authentic leadership behaviors of school administrators was calculated as -0.034. The effect sizes for relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing, and self-awareness, which are the factors of authentic leadership, were found to be -0.054, -0.040, -0.023, and -0.051, respectively. According to the findings, the effect of gender on the perceived authentic leadership of school administrators is insignificant.
Kreativitas Mengajar Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Zega Henilis Yanti , Tafonao Talizaro
Published: April 2023

The purpose of writing this article is to find out how the creativity of Christian religious education teachers in teaching during the pandemik . One of the main problems in teaching students during the pandemik  is that there are still some students who do not have various facilities such as cellphones, quotas and internet networks. Departing from this problem, creativity and solutions are needed that can encourage students to learn as explained in this article. The method used in this study is a descriptive method that describes a symptom, event and events that exist. The main sources in this article are journal articles and books that support the analysis process in this article review. The results found in this article are that teachers understand the nature of creativity, the characteristics of creativity and forms of creativity as needed during the pandemik . Thus, the success of Christian religious education teachers in teaching during a pandemik  depends on the methods used by teachers.AbstrakTujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kreativitas para guru pendidikan agama Kristen ketika mengajar di masa pandemi. Salah satu pokok persoalan dalam mengajar para peserta didik di masa pandemi adalah masih ditemukan beberapa siswa yang tidak memiliki berbagai fasilitas seperti handphone, kuota dan jaringan internet sebagaimana penjelasan dalam artikel ini. Berangkat dari permasalahan, maka dibutuhkan kreativitas dan solusi yang dapat mendorong peserta didik untuk belajar secara efektif dan efisien di masa pandemi saat ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang menjelaskan tentang suatu gejala, peristiwa dan kejadian yang ada. Sumber utama dalam artikel ini artikel jurnal dan buku yang mendukung proses analisis dalam kajian artikel ini. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam artikel ini adalah guru memahami hakikat kreativitas, karakteristik kreativitas dan bentuk kreativitas sesuai kebutuhan di masa pandemi. Dengan demikian bahwa keberhasilan para guru pendidikan agama Kristen dalam mengajar di masa pandemi bergantung pada metode yang digunakan oleh guru.
Memahami Konsep Dua Kodrat Yesus: Sebuah Tinjauan Teologis Menurut Injil Yohanes 1
Authors: Lawolo Aprianus
Published: April 2023

This study tries to answer the theological concept of the two unmixed natures of Jesus based on the Gospel of John 1. Where the two natures in the person of Jesus become one of the most important doctrines in Christianity. Through His incarnation of the virgin Mary, Jesus Christ obtained His humanity through His eternally possessed divinity. However, there have been various accounts of the second, such as the nature of Jesus. Arianism believes that the divinity of Jesus was imperfect. Apart from Arianism, adoptionism is an understanding that believes that Jesus was only a creation of God who was "raised" to be the Son of God and then he was given power. Thus, if Jesus was not fully God and not fully human, how did he provide man for God's salvation and unification (theosis)? To answer this, the writer uses the method of studying literature or literature by interacting with other texts such as the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers. The results of the author's research conclude that Jesus still has a divine nature and a human nature, and that the two natures above Jesus are not mixed, cannot be separated, and do not change. In the end, these two natures guide humans to unite with God (theosis).AbstrakPenelitian ini mencoba untuk menjawab tentang Konsep Teologis dua Kodrat Yesus yang tidak saling bercampur aduk berdasarkan Injil Yohanes 1. Dimana kedua kodrat yang ada di dalam pribadi Yesus menjadi salah satu doktrin dalam Kekristenan yang sangat penting. Yesus Kristus mendapatkan kemanusiaan-Nya melalui inkarnasi-Nya dari perawan Maria, sedangkan keilahian-Nya sudah sejak kekal Ia miliki. Akan tetapi, muncul berbagai pertentangan tentang kedua kodrat Yesus seperti Arianisme yang percaya bahwa keilahian Yesus tidak sempurna. Selain Arianisme, Adopsionisme adalah paham yang mempercayai bahwa Yesus hanyalah ciptaan Allah yang “diangkat” menjadi Putra Allah lalu Ia diberikan kuasa. Dengan begitu, jika Yesus tidak sepenuhnya Allah dan tidak sepenuhnya manusia bagaimana Yesus membawa manusia kepada keselamatan dan penyatuan akan Allah (theosis)? Untuk menjawab hal tersebut penulis menggunakan metode studi literatur atau pustaka dengan berintraksi pada teks teks lain seperti Alkitab, dan tulisan dari Bapa-bapa Gereja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Yesus tetaplah memiliki kodrat ilahi dan kodrat manusia dimana kedua kodrat tersebut satu di dalam pribadi Yesus namun tidak bercampur aduk, tidak dapat dipisahkan, tidak terbagi, dan tidak berubah hingga pada akhirnya kedua kodrat Yesus inilah yang menuntun manusia kepada penyatuan akan Allah (theosis).
Tinjauan Teologis Saksi Iman Berdasarkan Ibrani 11:1-40 dan Implementasi Logis Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto
Published: April 2023

Faith is the basis of all that we hope for and the evidence of all that we do not see (Hebrews 11:1). Faith plays a very important role in the journey of a believer’s life. Faith is an important faoundation for every believer to live strong and strong in Christ. There are three important parts in the faith of believers in Jesus, namely faith in believing that Jesus is Lord and Savior, faith that whoever believes in Jesus will enjoy eternal life and faith triumphs over all processes of lifet while on earth. On this basis, the author tries to present the theological concept of the principle of faith according to Hebrews 11:1-40 which is based on the study of each faith figure as a part that can be applied to every believer. This writing uses a descriptive literature method. The goal is that through writing, namely : First, every believer understands the principle of faith in the lives of faith figures according to Hebrews 11:1-40. Second, every believer correctly understands the principle of about the faith that makes every believer strong in Christ. Third, every believer can follow the example of the faith figures in Hebrews 11:1-40 and become a strong person in facing life’s struggles.Abstrak“Iman adalah dasar dari segala sesuatu yang kita harapkan dan bukti dari segala sesuatu yang tidak kita lihat” (Ibr. 11:1). Dan memegang peran yang sangat penting dalam sepanjang perjalanan kehidupan orang percaya. Iman merupakan pondasi penting bagi setiap orang percaya untuk hidup tetap kokoh dan kuat di dalam Kristus. Ada tiga bagian penting dalam iman orang percaya kepada Yesus, yaitu iman percaya bahwa Yesus adalah Tuhan dan Juruselamat, iman bahwa siapa yang percaya Yesus akan menikmati hidup yang kekal dan iman menang atas seluruh proses kehidupan selama di dunia. Atas dasar inilah, penulis berusaha untuk menyajikan konsep teologis prinsip iman menurut Ibrani 11:1-40 yang berdasarkan kajian setiap tokoh-tokoh iman sebagai bagian yang dapat diaplikasikan bagi setiap orang percaya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif literatur. Tujuannya supaya lewat penulisan yaitu Pertama, setiap orang percaya mengerti prinsip iman dalam hidup tokoh-tokoh iman menurut Ibrani 11:1-40. Kedua, setiap orang percaya mengerti dengan benar prinsip hidup dalam iman yang membuat setiap orang percaya kuat dalam Kristus. Ketiga, setiap orang percaya dapat mengikuti teladan tokoh-tokoh iman dalam Ibrani 11:1-40 dan menjadi pribadi yang kuat dalam menghadapi pergumulan hidup.
Studi Mazmur 1:1-2: Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pergaulan Kristen
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Sarjani Sarjani , Sumarno Andreas Marhain , Hutabarat Manahan
Published: April 2023

Psalm 1:1-2 teaches a way of life that leads people to experience the best life, namely a happy life. This study aims to encourage Christians to experience happiness as written in these verses, by staying away from groups that keep away from happiness and building an environment that is in accordance with what is recommended in the word of God. The research uses qualitative methods, where all data is presented in the form of a description. From this research, it was found that there are community groups that every Christian should avoid in building their relationships, namely the ungodly, the sinner, and the ridicule group. These three groups do not bring people to happiness, and therefore it is necessary to build a new environment that can bring people to experience a happy life.AbstrakMazmur 1:1-2 mengajarkan cara hidup yang membawa orang untuk mengalami kehidupan yang terbaik, yaitu kehidupan yang berbahagia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendorong orang kristen untuk mengalami kebahagiaan sebagaimana yang tertulis di dalam ayat-ayat tersebut, dengan cara menjauhi kelompok-kelompok yang menjauhkan dari kebahagiaan dan membangun lingkungan yang sesuai dengan yang dianjurkan dalam firman Tuhan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif, dimana semua data disampaikan dalam bentuk diskripsi. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan adanya kelompok komunitas yang harus dihindari oleh setiap orang kristen dalam membangun pergaulannya, yakni orang fasik, orang berdosa, dan kelompok pencemooh. Ketiga kelompok tersebut tidak membawa orang kepada kebahagiaan, dan karenanya perlu membangun lingkungan baru yang dapat membawa orang mengalami kehidupan bahagia.
Prinsip Penginjilan Berdasarkan 1 Korintus 9:16 dan Relevansinya bagi Tugas Guru PAK
Authors: Simarangkir Sunggul , Angkouw Semuel Ruddy , Kuntari J Valentina Dwi
Published: April 2023

This paper specifically describes the Principles of Evangelism Based on I Cor. 9:16 and Its Relevance for Teachers of Christian Religious Education. This topic is discussed to explain factually the principles of evangelism for teachers. Christian religious education has not been fully implemented in the classroom, in the field and to people who do not believe in Jesus Christ. This topic is discussed considering that there are still many unreached tribes in the ministry of evangelism. Of course, this responsibility is not only borne by the mission agency, the church. However, religious institutions include Christian religious education teachers to reach tribes that have not yet perfected the Bible. In describing this topic, the researcher uses a qualitative method with an exegesis approach. The results of this study describe that the principle of evangelism is expressed in an attitude of not being arrogant, then evangelism as a duty and responsibility of believers and evangelism should be used as a lifestyle. To PAK teachers, it is hoped that there will be efforts to increase understanding of evangelism and be responsible for directing students to manifest this attitude in community, church and school life as mandated by Jesus Christ, as the Great Teacher.AbstrakTulisan ini secara spesifik menguraikan perihal Prinsip Penginjilan Berdasarkan I Kor. 9:16 dan Relevansinya bagi Pengajar Pendidikan agama kristen. Topik ini dibahas untuk menjelaskan secara faktual dalam prinsip penginjilan bagi pengajar Pendidikan agama kristen belum sepenuhnya di terapkan di dalam kelas, dilapangan dan kepada orang yang belum percaya kepada Yesus Kristus. Topik ini dibahas mengigat masih banyak ditemukan berbagai suku belum terjangkau dalam pelayanan penginjilan. Tentunya tugas tanggung jawab ini bukan hanya dibebankan kepada lembaga misi, gereja. Namun lembaga keagamaan termasuk pengajar pendidikan agama kristen untuk menjangkau suku yang masih belum sempurnakan Injil. Di dalam menguraikan topik ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Eksegese. Hasil penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa prinsip penginjilan yaitu dinyatakan pada sikap tidak sombong, kemudian penginjilan sebagai tugas dan tanggung jawab orang percaya dan penginjilan hendaknya dijadikan sebagai gaya hidup. Kepada guru PAK, diharapkan adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang penginjilan serta bertanggung jawab dalam mengarahkan anak didik untuk mewujudkan sikap tersebut dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, gereja dan sekolah sebagaimana dimanatkan oleh Yesus Kristus, sebagai Guru Agung.
Deskriptif Kepemimpinan Kristen dalam Perspektif Filipi 2: 3-8
Authors: Sutono Yohanes , Arifianto Yonatan Alex , Loveano Noel Yosan
Published: April 2023

Leadership in a church is very important. Leadership is a divine mandate given by God to His people. Leaders are directly responsible to God who gives authority. Leadership is very influential in the development and growth of the church. The mature church is one that follows the example of Christ. Leaders can lead the congregation to grow up and have the character of Christ. The problem that arises is that the leader cannot be an example in implementing leadership in Christ. Leaders are not carrying out their duties properly and act arbitrarily. Leaders do not have the heart to serve. In this discussion we follow the example of Jesus recorded at Philippians 2:3-8 regarding the heart that serves. This study uses descriptive literature, namely discussing descriptive Christian leadership in the perspective of Philippians 2:3-8. The formation of a leader's character from the Word of God which is the standard of living for Christians. The purpose of this paper is first, Christian leadership that has a serving heart can become a lifestyle. Second, Christian leaders who can impact everyone. Third, leaders who have the character of Christ.AbstrakSebagai pusat kehidupan orang percaya adalah Kristus. Tetapi dalam kenyataannya masih orang percaya tidak hidup berpusat kepada Kristus. Orang percaya adalah orang yang dipanggil untuk menjadi pemimpin. Kepemimpinan Kristen juga harus berpusat kepada Kristus. Kepemimpinan adalah sebuah mandat Ilahi yang diberikan Tuhan kepada umatNya. Pemimpin bertanggungjawab langsung kepada Tuhan yang memberi otoritas. Kepemimpinan sanggatlah berpengaruh dalam perkembangan dan pertumbuhan gereja. Gereja yang dewasa adalah gereja yang mengikuti teladan dari Kristus. Pemimpin dapat membawa jemaat untuk bertumbuh dewasa dan memiliki karakter Kristus. Persoalan yang muncul adalah pemimpin tidak dapat menjadi teladan dalam menerapkan kepemimpinan dalam Kristus. Pemimpin sudah tidak mengemban tugas dengan baik dan bertindak semena-mena. Pemimpin sudah tidak memiliki hati melayani. Dalam pembahasan artikel ini mengacu dan mengikuti keteladanan dari Yesus yang tercatat di Filipi 2:3-8 mengenai hati yang melayani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu membahas tentang deskriptif kepemimpinan Kristen dalam perspektif Filipi 2:3-8. Pembentukan karakter pemimpin dari Firman Tuhan yang menjadi standar hidup orang Kristen. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah pertama, kepemimpinan Kristen yang memiliki hati yang melayani dapat menjadi gaya hidup. Kedua, pemimpin Kristen yang dapat berdampak bagi semua orang. Ketiga, pemimpin yang memiliki karakter Kristus.
Retornos entre a criação artística e a pesquisa científica
Authors: De Lima Teixeira Cecília
Published: April 2023

Partindo do exemplo de um processo de Pesquisa Baseada na Prática desenvolvido no âmbito de uma investigação de doutoramento em dança, este artigo faz uma reflexão que foca a natureza e mais valias do conhecimento gerado pela prática artística em contraponto com a natureza do modo de conhecimento tradicionalmente associado à produção académica. 
Fundamentando-se em diversos autores do âmbito de estudos de Embodied Cognition, na análise dos conceitos de know-how e know-what de Gilbert Ryle (2009) e nas questões de linguagem e intersubjetividade de Daniel Stern (1985), o conhecimento desenvolvido pela prática artística é aqui exposto enquanto um conhecimento incorporado no qual se gera sentido através das perceções somáticas e sensoriomotoras, ao passo que o conhecimento académico é caracterizado essencialmente enquanto um modo de conhecimento teórico, onde se concebe e formula sentido através da estrutura da linguagem verbal. Desse modo, deduz-se que, num processo de Pesquisa Baseada na Prática caracterizado pela interação entre a prática artística e a investigação teórica académica, torna-se fundamental desenvolver metodologias que consigam refletir estas diferenças (relativas ao modo de sentir e conceber sentido) e, simultaneamente, integrá-las. Além disso, considerando que a estrutura da linguagem verbal influencia a forma como pensamos, propõe-se que no âmbito de tais metodologias se questione e desafie o modo de usar a linguagem verbal. Partindo destas considerações, este artigo aponta uma proposta metodológica para a transferência entre modos de conhecimento intrínsecos à prática investigativa do âmbito da criação artística e os modos de conhecimento concebidos no domínio da investigação académica. 
Defende-se ainda que o conhecimento incorporado, ao invés da tendência tradicional do conhecimento académico, predispõe-se a uma atitude ética de qualidades dinâmicas, adaptativas. Uma atitude que não aspira agarrar o mundo como algo estático e definitivo ou controlar o ambiente enquanto algo extrínseco mas sim experienciar o desafio de incorporar e navegar o ambiente.
Pelatihan TOEFL Online untuk mahasiswa semester 4 di masa PPKM 2021
Authors: Lina Marisa Fran
Published: April 2023

One of the English proficiency tests is TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) which is increasingly being used for various purposes. This community service article is based on the TOEFL Online Training for students in Salatiga to equip 25 fourth-semester students who already have background knowledge of Basic English in the previous semester. This training was carried out online through Google Meet, Google Classroom and WhatsApp Group in August 2021 due to PPKM (Restrictions on Community Activities). This activity was held for 20 meetings, starting with an online pre-test and ending with an online post-test. The training per meeting lasted 120 minutes, namely: conducting pre-teaching activities, presenting material according to topics per meeting, asking and answering questions, practicing the theories/strategies taught by doing exercises, and providing direct feedback/evaluations to students. At the end of the activity, participants who meet the requirements will be given 2 certificates of participation and also a certificate of TOEFL test results. From these activities, it can be concluded that TOEFL is very important for students to equip them with recognized English skills for academic purposes.

 

Tes kecakapan Bahasa Inggris salah satunya adalah TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) yang semakin luas digunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan. Artikel Pengabdian ini disusun berdasarkan pelatihan online TOEFL untuk mahasiswa di Salatiga untuk membekali 25 mahasiswa semester 4 yang sudah memiliki background pengetahuan Bahasa Inggris dasar di semester sebelumnya. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan secara online melalui Google Meet, Google Classroom dan WhatsApp Group pada bulan Agustus-September 2021 karena adanya PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat). Kegiatan ini terselenggara sebanyak 20 pertemuan, diawali dengan pre-test online lalu diakhiri dengan post-test online. Adapun kegiatan pelatihannya per pertemuan berdurasi 120 menit, yaitu: melakukan kegiatan pra-pengajaran, pemaparan materi sesuai pembagian topik per meeting, tanya jawab, mempraktikkan teori/strategi yang diajarkan dengan mengerjakan soal-soal latihan, dan pemberian feedback/evaluasi langsung kepada mahasiswa. Di akhir kegiatan, para peserta yang memenuhi syarat akan diberikan 2 sertifikat keikutsertaan pelatihan dan juga sertifikat hasil tes TOEFL Dari kegiatan tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pelatihan TOEFL sangat penting bagi mahasiswa untuk membekali mereka keterampilan Bahasa Inggris yang diakui untuk keperluan akademik mereka.
Fun with english: An english learning assistance at SMK Warga Surakarta
Authors: Hidayati Diyah Nur , Yafi Mohammad Ali , Santoso Aan Budi , Ambarsari Rika Yuni , Sasmito Luncana Faridhoh , Asfuri Ninda Beny
Published: April 2023

Mastery of English languages is vital in preparing graduates to compete on a global scale in order to improve the quality of human resources in the world of education. As a result, efforts to improve English mastery for the academic community are evidence of an institution's seriousness in realizing its commitment to international standard institutions. The Covid-19 pandemic is currently affecting a variety of industries, particularly education. The Study from Home (SFH) system has now been adopted by many educational institutions. This, however, isn't enough. Many parents express their dissatisfaction with having to accompany their children to their home study sessions. This is not a major issue for students from upper middle-class families, as their parents will almost certainly provide facilities and private tutoring. Students from lower-middle-class families have a different situation. They must learn to be self-sufficient within the confines of their current circumstances. One of the private vocational schools in Central Java is SMK Warga Surakarta. Students in this school have difficulty understanding English sentences, according to the results of interviews with English teachers. As a result, English language training is required at SMA Warga in Surakarta to improve students' comprehension.
Pelatihan TOEFL sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa inggris dan pengembangan karier bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah UIN Salatiga
Authors: Saputra Heru
Published: April 2023

English is something that must be mastered in this era of globalization. One indicator of English proficiency is the TOEFL score. The purpose of this training is to improve the ability of UIN Salatiga Sharia Faculty students in 2022 to work on TOEFL questions. The participants in this training were 30 Sharia faculty students from various semesters who had been selected through portfolios. This training method involves a pretest, hybrid lectures (online and offline), and a post-test. The result of this study is an increase in student TOEFL scores from a minimum initial score of 310 to 350. Furthermore, the average score in the pretest is 315 to 375 in the post-test.
Guardare oltre il tumore: le cancer-predisposing syndrome in età pediatrica
Authors: Bettini Laura Rachele , Lauriola Rossana Sara , Vendemini Francesca , Coliva Tiziana , Biondi Andrea , Cazzaniga Giovanni
Published: April 2023

About 10% of children with cancer carry a pathogenic mutation in genes predisposing to tumourigenesis. These mutations are being identified more and more frequently thanks to the use of next-generation sequencing techniques in the diagnostic work-up of cancer, and their integration into clinical practice is a new challenge for oncogenetics. The diagnosis of a cancer predisposing syndrome (CPS) has important implications for the management of the patient, as well as for the patient’s family, who may also include potential carriers of the identified predisposing mutation. Clinical criteria have been developed to help clinicians suspect a predisposing condition: attention should be given to the family and patient’s medical history, to specific clinical signs and to specific histopathological tumour subtype. A multidisciplinary team with specific training is essential for the complex clinical management of these conditions.