bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Institutional Ethnographic Analysis of the Organization of French Healthcare and Disability Services for Francophones in Canada
Authors: MacEachern Katherine
Published: February 2024

This Institutional Ethnographic study analyzes how the Canadian healthcare systems in the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, and the Northwest Territories are organized around the French language. Eight Francophone parents of disabled children were interviewed from 2015 onwards as part of the Inclusive Early Childhood Service System Project. The participants’ experiences describe how the healthcare systems force minority-language speakers to conform to the monolingual Anglophone systems by making them speak English and having limited availability of French services and health information. Additionally, the data detailed the work that French-speaking families do to use services in their chosen language, such as being advocates for their child, travelling to French services, and navigating the healthcare system with little help from healthcare professionals. The findings demonstrate that the Canadian provincial and territorial healthcare systems are organized in a monolingual way and more needs to be done to help all minority-language speakers in Canada.
Children and their inherent rights: A discourse analysis of Newfoundland and Labrador's early learning framework
Authors: Leeder Christa
Published: February 2024

Ratified in 1991, the Canadian government made a commitment to uphold the rights of all children in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, over 30 years later, there continues to be a lack of awareness of children’s rights in early learning and childcare sector. Through the lens of children’s rights, this study employed a qualitative discourse analysis to review Newfoundland and Labrador’s early learning framework to examine if, how and to what extent the framework exemplifies a children’s rights approach. Findings revealed that children’s rights discourse is implicitly reflected throughout the framework. The study revealed that early learning frameworks have the potential to implement a children’s rights approach into practice and enhance the awareness of children's rights for children, families, early childhood professionals, pre-service early childhood professionals and the community.
How Do Ontario Registered Early Childhood Educators (RECEs) Understand Their Professional Identity?
Authors: Chambers Nicole
Published: February 2024

The struggle for RECEs in Ontario to achieve professional status persists despite countless years of advocacy from the Early Childhood Education and Care sector. This major research paper presents findings from qualitative semi-structured interviews with twelve early childhood educators in Ontario. Feminist poststructuralism is used as a guiding theoretical framework to explore how these Ontario RECEs describe their professional identities. Two notable findings are that: (1) participants agree that four main factors make them professionals, and (2) participants resist dominant images of the ECE as a non-professional. A discussion of the findings focuses on how some Ontario RECEs appear to be moving towards a collective professional identity, in addition to engaging in individual acts of resistance to being perceived as non-professionals.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Housing First Through the Perspectives of Front-Line Staff: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Shemranifar Taraneh
Published: February 2024

This qualitative case study explores the effectiveness of the Housing First (HF) philosophy as an approach when intervening with people who are experiencing homelessness by employing a structural social work and an intersectionality theoretical framework. Four semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with front-line staff for the purpose of examining how HF is being implemented, including an exploration of whether HF addresses the inequitable social structures that can influence one’s housing status. In using a cross-case analysis, several common and isolated themes emerged that ultimately unveiled many gaps in both the philosophy and practice of HF. These gaps necessitated a further interrogation of neoliberalism, capitalism and Eurocentrism, and their domination over the HF philosophy and its effectiveness. Through the voices of front-line staff, several suggestions are made for a more successful HF implementation.
‘It’s not About Success, it’s About Access’: Narratives of Post-Secondary Students Labelled with Invisible Intellectual Disabilities Seeking Accommodations
Authors: Grant Tricia
Published: February 2024

This Major Research Paper centres the narratives of and the injustices experienced by postsecondary students labelled with invisible intellectual disabilities (IID). Specifically, I center the narratives of these students when accessing accommodation services at various educational institutions in Ontario. Most of the scholarly literature confirms there is a lack of insider experience used to inform policy and research. The aim of this study was to listen and amplify the insider voices. Three students labelled with IID’s who were/had been registered with accommodations support participated in this narrative inquiry. Each person was individually interviewed, and the interviews were recorded, transcribed and reviewed by participants. Both narrative and thematic analyses were used to focus on the stories and the key findings. Importantly, these findings speak to the many ways in which students labelled with IID’s have suffered in silence, enduring injustice during their post-secondary years by both faculty members and so-called accommodation centres.
Isolation within the Black and/or Caribbean Community: Implications of Identity, Cultural Transference, and Belonging
Authors: Honeywell Toni-Ann
Published: February 2024

The goal of this study is to examine and highlight experiences of isolation among Black and/or Caribbean first-generation immigrants in the GTA. It seeks to explore how this community experiences isolation, and how they navigate culture, belonging, and identity. This is a qualitative research study that involved one-on-one interviews with three participants using semi-structured interviews. The study used a narrative methodology. This methodology enabled the exploration of the participants’ experiences through stories, and their lived experiences. Critical Race Theory and Anti-Colonialism Theory were used to analyze literature and findings. These frameworks will highlight the implications of race, and its influence in the experiences of people from the Black and/or Caribbean community. This study hopes to offer a unique perspective on the importance of community and culture in dealing with racism, and settlement within Canada.
Ken’ân er-Rifâî’nin Mesnevî Şerhi’nde Padişah ve Câriye Hikâyesi Üzerinden Topluma Faydalı İnsan Profiline Bakış
Authors: MEMMEDOVA KURŞUN İlâhe
Published: February 2024

Hz. Mevlânâ’nın Mesnevî-i Şerîf isimli eseri diğer eserlerinden farklı olarak bir bireyin insanlığını bulma yolunda rehber niteliğinde olması sebebiyle tasavvuf literatüründe en temel eserlerden sayılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, asırlar boyunca Mesnevî’nin farklı dillerde birçok şerhi de yapılmıştır. Bu şerhlerden birisi de 20. yüzyılın önemli şârihlerinden Hz. Ken’ân er-Rifâî’nin Mesnevî şerhidir. Araştırmamızda bu şerh esas alınarak Hz. Mevlânâ’nın en meşhur hikâyelerinden olan “Padişah ve Câriye” hikâyesinde anlatılan ideal ve topluma faydalı insan profilini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Bu bağlamda, cemiyete faydalı insanın yaşam tarzı ve onda olması gereken özellikler Ken’ân er-Rifâî’nin yorumu üzerinden ele alınacaktır. Ken’ân er-Rifâî’nin Mesnevî şerhi, içinde bulunduğumuz zaman diliminde yazılması yönüyle de bize en doğru ve güncel profili sunacaktır.
A Review of Mathnawi Manavi in Uzbekistan and Female Importance in the Works of Mawlana
Authors: SHOALIYEVA Nargiza
Published: February 2024

یکی از مطر ح ترین چالش های ادبیات فارسی قرن های -11 13 میالدی ادبیات تصوف یا عرفانی است که برجسته ترین نماینده این گونه از ادبیات جالل الدین محمد بلخی مولوی)1207– 1273 )خصوصا با اثر جاویدانهاش»مثنوی معنوی« می باشد. اگرچه برای اولین بار تصحیح انتقادی »مثنوی معنوی« توسط دانشمند انگلیسی سرشناس نیکلسون منتشر شده است اما امروزه در سراسر دنیا پژوهشگران و مفسران و مترجمان بسیاری آثار ماندگار او را به چندین زبان ترجمه کرده ومورد بحث و بررسی قرار داده اند. چنانکه درازبکستان نه تنها مردم به مولوی و آثار او توجه خاصی دارند و این آثار از محبوبیت بسیاری برخوردار است، بلکه تاکنون در نقد ویژگیهای آثار وی بررسی های مناسبی صورت گرفته است. نجم الدین کمیلوف، عرفان شناس، یکی از این افرادی است که شش داستان »مثنوی« را به نثر نوشته و به تحلیل مضامین عرفانی ـ فلسفی موالنا پرداخته است. مولوی درخصوص موضوع زن از فلسفه و نگرش ویژه ایی برخوردار است، بررسی موضوع زن از زاویه برابری جنسیتی درآثار این شاعرصوفی و عاشق پیشه فهم بیشتری از افکارو ادیشه توحیدپرستانه وی به ما می دهد . مولوی از آغاز نی نامه "در نفیرم مرد و زن نالیده اند" در نیستان او مرد و زن را با هم ببریدهاند، هیچ تمایز یا تفاوت خاصی میان انسان مذکر و مونث وجود ندارد تا بدان سبب مرد از زن برتر دانسته شود. از نظر مولوی چون روح انسان، تفاوت معرفتی مذکر یا مونث ندارد. مولوی عشق زمینی را سرچشمه عشق االهی می داند و پیوند هر دو را وحدت و ت وحید میپندارد. هرچند در بعضی موارد منعکس کننده تصورات مردم روزگار خود نیز بوده است.
Rubai Geleneği Bağlamında Celaleddin Rumî Rubailerinin Özgün Yeri
Authors: ALİYEVA Narmin
Published: February 2024

Doğuda Mevlânâ ve Mevlevi, Batıda Rumi unvanı ile tanınan büyük irfan sahibi, filozof, şair Celaleddin Muhammed Belhi'nin Mesnevi-yi manevi'si ve Şems divanı dünyanın en değerli söz ve fikir mucizelerinden biri olarak 800 yıldan artık zaman içinde insanlığı etkilemiş ve hâlâ da etkisini sürdürüyor. Mevlânâ’nın eserlerinde pek eski bir ananeye, felsefi, sosyal, dini, etik, mistik, tasavvufi özüne sahip olan rubai türü özgün yer kaplar. Felsefi düşüncenin özlü bir ifadesi için geniş fırsatlara sahip olan rubainin kökeni ve gelişimi hakkında araştırmacılar arasında hâlâ bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır: bir kısım onu İslam öncesi Arap edebiyatının, diğer bir kısım Türk şiirine ve bazıları da Farsça şiirine ait yaygın edebi tür olarak görüyor. Her ne kadar Farsça şiirde rubainin kurucusu çoğunlukla Rudeki olarak kabul görse de Akademisyen Rafael Hüseynov rubainin tür olarak varoluş tarihini 8. yüzyıla kadar götürmekte ve Şafik isimli şairin rubaisinin zamanımıza ulaştığını bildirmektedir. Rûdeki, Katran Tebrizi, Hâkâni Şirvani, Nizami Gencevi, Mehseti, Ömer Hayyam ve diğer seçkin şairler, bu türde eşsiz sanatsal örnekler yaratarak felsefi şiirin gelişmesinde büyük rol oynamıştır. Bu sırada Divanu-Şems-ulhakayik'i elden ele geçen, Masnevi'si bugün daha büyük bir vukufla Batıda öğrenilen Celaleddin Muhammed Rumi'nin yeri başkadır. İnançlı din adamı olan Rumi özgür Sufi ve Arif yaşam sürdürmüş, rubai, mesnevi ve diğer türlerdeki eserlerini fıkıh, hadis, tefsir, felsefe, tasavvuf, irfan, belagat, edebiyat gibi alanlarda bulgularını beyan etmek için yazmıştır. Rumi’nin Mesnevi'si “semavi kelamın” belirtisi ise, Şems Divanı’ndaki rubailer onun aşk ve ibadetinin manevi temelleridir. Onun kıymetli tasavvufi, âşıkane, arifane rubaileri şairin fikir ve düşüncesinin sınırsızlığının kanıtıdır. Celaleddin Rumi’nin rubaileri bugün bile öz güncelliğini kaybetmiyor, bilakis kendi menzilini genişletiyor, Doğu edebiyatında felsefi, ahlaki, etik ve estetik değerleri ifade etmenin en iyi araçlarından biri rolünü sürdürüyor.
Şems ile Mevlâna Ekseninde Örnek İnsanî İlişkileri ve Özveri
Authors: YILDIRIM Nimet
Published: February 2024

Mevlanâ Celaluddîn’in hayatında önemli ve kesin etkileri olan gelişmeler arasında Şems-i Tebrîzî ile görüşmeleri en önemli olaylardan biri olarak kabul edilir. Mevlana’nın Şems ile ileri düzeyde bir gönül birliği, aralarındaki sevgi, insani ilişkiler ve özveri ve bu derece bir kaynaşma, onun hayatı ve geçirdiği ruhî değişimlerin farklı sahneleri bizzat Mesnevî’de diğer eserlerinden daha açık ve daha yoğun olarak izlenebilir. Mevlana aynı zamanda sevgili ruhani mürşidi ve kendisinin ilham kaynağını Şems’in varlığı karşısında kaybetmiştir. Mevlana’nın güneşi Şems-i Tebrizî, Mevlana ile buluşması ve bu buluşmanın kendisinde ortaya çıkardığı değişim alabildiğine derindir. “Mevlana ile Şems’in ilişkisi, Musa ile Hızır’ın ilişkisinin aynıdır.” Mevlana bütün erdemi, erginliği, ululuğu, büyüklüğü ve kerametleriyle; sahip olduğu ışık ve gizemle hak dostlarının sohbetine erişmek istiyordu. Aradı, aradı ve sonunda da en ergin, en ulu olanı Şems’i buldu.
Mevlâna Celaleddin Rumî’nin Eserlerinde Barış ve Adalet Değerlerini İçeren Sözcüklerin İncelenmesi
Authors: TÜRK Osman
Published: February 2024

Mevlânâ Celâleddin Rumî âleme ve insana karşı sahip olduğu bakış açısı ile evrensel bir niteliğe ulaşmış bir mutasavvıftır. Onun topluma sunduğu değerler; iyilik, hoşgörü, bilgili olma, adaletli olma, her anlamda barış içerisinde yaşama, sabır vb. birçok unsurdan meydana gelir. Onun adalete ve barışa verdiği önem ortaya koyduğu eserlerden de anlaşılacaktır. Evrensel bir kıymete sahip iki kavram olan adalet ve barış, insanlar arasında olması gereken değerlerdendir. İnsan onurunu yücelten bu değerler onun nazarında saygı çerçevesinde ele alınmalıdır. Böylelikle insanlar arasında adalet ve barış sağlanırsa toplumda meydana gelebilecek haksızlıkların, çatışmaların ve olumsuzlukların önüne geçilebilecektir. Dolayısıyla onun bireysel ve toplumsal değerlere verdiği önem hakkında söylemiş olduğu sözler, günümüzde güncelliğini korumakla birlikte evrensel bir niteliğe ulaşmıştır. Barışın temelinde sevgi ve hoşgörü kavramları yatar. İnsan tüm bu değerlerle harmanlanarak toplum içerisinde belirli bir paylaşımda bulunur ve birlik bilincini geliştirir. Bu şekilde insanlık içerisindeki mutluluk adalet ve barışın sağlanmasıyla temin edilebilir. İslâm dininin barış ve esenliği öğütlemesi insanın huzur içerisinde yaşamasına katkıda bulunacak bir vurgudur. Akıl ve irade özellikleriyle donatılan insan varlıklar içerisinde en şereflisidir. Buna bağlı olarak insanın barış ve adaleti tayin edebilmesi hoşgörü ve sevgi kapılarını aralamasıyla doğru orantılıdır. Çalışmada Mevlânâ Celâleddin Rumî’nin eserlerinde barış ve adaleti içeren ve vurgulayan sözcükler incelenecektir. İncelenen sözcükler onun bakış açısıyla birlikte ifade edilecektir.
Studi Etnobotani Tumbuhan Pewarna Alami di Desa Raut Muara Kabupaten Sanggau
Authors: Riani Sapa , Syamswisna Syamswisna , Mardiyyaningsih Asriah Nurdini
Published: February 2024

Penggunaan pewarna sintetis dapat memicu masalah kesehatan dan lingkungan. Pewarna alami menjadi salah satu inovasi untuk mengganti pemanfaatan pewarna sintetis karena bersifat tidak beracun dan ramah lingkungan. Masyarakat Desa Raut Muara Kabupaten Sanggau memanfaatkan beberapa tumbuhan sebagai pewarna alami seperti tipu (Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm) yang dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna makanan, kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack)) sebagai pewarna minuman, bajakah merah (Spatholobus ferrugineus Zoll.&Moritzi)Benth.) sebagai kosmetik, dan akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) sebagai pewarna kain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang jenis, bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan dan cara pengolahan yang dilakukan masyarakat Desa Raut Muara. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah metode deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara triangulasi yang merupakan gabungan dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan 53 informan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 26 jenis tumbuhan dari 22 famili yang dimanfaatkan bagian daun, buah, biji, dan akar.

Kata Kunci: Etnobotani, Pewarna alami, Desa Raut MuaraPenggunaan pewarna sintetis dapat memicu masalah kesehatan dan lingkungan. Pewarna alami menjadi salah satu inovasi untuk mengganti pemanfaatan pewarna sintetis karena bersifat tidak beracun dan ramah lingkungan. Masyarakat Desa Raut Muara Kabupaten Sanggau memanfaatkan beberapa tumbuhan sebagai pewarna alami seperti tipu (Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M.Sm) yang dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna makanan, kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack)) sebagai pewarna minuman, bajakah merah (Spatholobus ferrugineus Zoll.&Moritzi)Benth.) sebagai kosmetik, dan akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) sebagai pewarna kain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang jenis, bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan dan cara pengolahan yang dilakukan masyarakat Desa Raut Muara. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah metode deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara triangulasi yang merupakan gabungan dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan 53 informan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 26 jenis tumbuhan dari 22 famili yang dimanfaatkan bagian daun, buah, biji, dan akar.Kata Kunci: Etnobotani, Pewarna alami, Desa Raut Muara
Barlow, Levy, & Masugi, eds., The American Founding - Essasys on the Formation of the Constitution
Authors: Reilly John
Published: February 2024

Prepared with the explicit intention of helping to commemorate the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution, The American Founding brings together the views of several prominent historians and political scientists on the constitution-writing process of the founding fathers. The original basis for this collection of essays was the publications of the Claremont Institute for the Study of Statesmanship and Political Philosophy and of Public Research.
These essays are based on the question "Is America the best regime sought by the philosophers of old?" In their discussion, the authors point toward a renewed scholarly interest in the concept of the "best regime" as a theme in the study of the writing of the Constitution. The historians in these essays seek to understand the founding fathers as they understood themselves and focus their attention on both particular events, such as Jack N. Rakove's essay on the Confederation Period, as well as on broader themes in political thought, as Marvin Meyers and Merrill Peterson do in their essays on James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Political scientists, on the other hand, look for the more permanent and enduring, as well as the classical, in the contributions of the founding fathers. As Thomas G. West and Charles R. Kesseler point out, the spirit of the founding fathers was a classical one, formed by a strong knowledge of the classical authors and by a classical conception of the nature of politics. However, as Michael P. Zuchert and Edward J. Erler demonstrate, they knew such modem authors as John Locke and the concept of natural rights.
Miller, Frederick Douglass and the Fight for Freedom
Authors: McDonlad Archie
Published: February 2024

Frederick Douglass, the extraordinary nineteenth-century black leader, is the subject of this lifeand-times treatment in this entry in the Makers of America Series. The series is edited by John Anthony Scott. A statement about the series on the book's jacket claims that it is targeted for young adults and general readers, and a reading of the text confirms this claim. The reading level is appropriate for college undergraduates and advanced secondary students, and the book would work as an assigned reading for a class. The length is modest and the data and interpretations are not strenuous.
The book opens with Douglass a witness to a beating of his aunt for refusing the sexual advances of her owner. Douglass was then seven years of age, his aunt only eight years older. From that slavery-damning opening, the narrative proceeds to enumerate the many evils and personal affronts associated with slavery in what might be termed a PG rating style if this were a movie. Maybe even a G rating. We read that Douglass was separated from his black mother at an extremely early age and did not know which local white was his father, although he had his suspicions; raised by grandparents and in the company of many cousins, at an appropriate working age he was turned over to his owner to begin his working life; he lived a sheltered life for a time as the companion of a contemporary white until sent to Baltimore while still a young man; he taught himself literacy skills with some assistance at first, but then when it was pointed out that this might make him rebellious, the assistance stopped; he learned the caulker's trade in the shipyards, but experienced discrimination from fellow workers; and he ran away to the North with the assistance of a free black named Anna, whom he later married, and then became the show-case lecturer for the Garrisonian abolitionists.
Adshead, China in World History
Authors: Fisher Darlene
Published: February 2024

China in World History is a seminal, theoretical work waiting to be absorbed into the developing body of approaches to world history. Not only is China revealed as a much more interactive participant than it is usually regarded but the entire Central Asian arena blooms as much more important than most historians note. Perhaps the current events in the Soviet Union with its Asian minorities receiving mention in the western press will create some greater interest in these fascinating and significant peoples.
The volume is an immense piece of scholarship for its size. If every name of empire and leader mentioned were to be explained a whole set of encyclopedias would be required. Combine the required knowledge and complex vocabulary in this work and it is not a text for the casual reader or student. Acquiring significant understanding from the work requires previous knowledge of much Eurasian history and a well-developed mental map of the world.
Studi Perbandingan Pembagian Warisan Menurut Sistem Hukum Waris Adat Kaum Dengan Sistem Hukum Waris Islam Di Kecamatan Kota Mukomuko Kabupaten Mukomuko
Authors: Muslih Akhmad , Sauni Herawan , Sofyan Tito
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini untuk menemukan pengetahuan tentang perbandingan pembagian warisan menurut sistem hukum waris adat Kaum dengan sistem hukum waris Islam di Kecamatan Kota MukomukoKabupaten Mukomuko. Metode yang digunakan adalah, metode penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach) dan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah; Pertama, dalam waris adat Kaum anak perempuan mendapatkan harta warisan yang lebih banyak dari pada anak laki-laki, kecuali untuk harta pusaka tinggi, dan harta suarang/sawarang, karena masyarakat Kecamatan Kota Mukomuko menganut prinsip matrilineal dalam menentukan hak kewarisan, harta pusaka rendah, harta pencaharian, mengikuti prinsip matrilineal. Kedua, pembagian harta warisan dalam hukum Islam telah ditetapkan dalam Al-Qur’an secara rinci dengan perhitungan matematik, sebagaimana Al-Qur’an Surat An-Nisa ayat (7), (11), (12), (33), dan (176). Setiap ahli waris baik dari Dzawil Furudh, Ashabah, ataupun Dzawil Arham mendapat bagian yang jelas, sistematis, dan tidak tertukar-tukar. Prinsip pembagian harta warisan Islam, anak laki-laki menerima bagian yang lebih besar daripada bagian anak perempuan, secara prinssip laki-laki bertanggungjawab terhadap anak dan isterinya, perempuan memiliki hak pribadi terhadap hartanya sendiri, seperti harta milik wanita dari hasil kerjanya, harta wanita adalah harta miliknya, di luar dari harta suami. Ketiga, sistem hukum adat Kaum “mengistimewakan pewaris perempuan” dengan prinsip matrilineal, sistem hukum waris Islam “mengistimewakan anak laki-laki”, ada pendapat bahwa hukum Islam mengikuti prinsip patrilineal. Sistem hukum waris Adat Kaum bersifat Individual-kolektif, sistem kewarisan Hukum Islam bersifat individual-bilaterial, mengedepankan keadilan yang berimbang dalam kehidupan, meletakkan prinsip sebaik-baiknya dan seadil-adilnya, dalam emindahan kepemilikan seseorang sesudah meninggal dunia kepada ahli warisnya, seluruh ahli waris mendapatkan hak, tanpa membedakan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, besar atau kecil.
‘I suppose I’ve never been really right since the war’: Traumatised Masculinities in Dorothy L. Sayers’ Lord Peter Wimsey Novels
Authors: Gray Darren
Published: February 2024

The shell-shocked ex-serviceman was a controversial and troubling figure in interwar society. While the soldier was an ideal of masculinity in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, post-World War One, the presence of the wounded soldier questioned and challenged the authority and reliability of this masculine ideal. Dorothy L. Sayers’ Lord Peter Wimsey novels explore the gendered tensions pervading through interwar society by placing a vulnerable and shell-shocked soldier detective at the forefront of their narratives. Through the perceived stability and generic reliability of the detective genre, Sayers critiques post-war attitudes to wounded ex-servicemen and details the impacts of the war and mental illness on concepts of masculinity, gender norms and the domestic space. Closely analysing the shell-shocked Wimsey in relation to performativity, employment and marriage, the article reveals an anxious and divided society that acknowledges the wounded soldier and a loss of pre-war gender norms but is ill-equipped and reticent to address the lasting and gendered impacts of industrial war.
The History of Violence in Scotland Reconsidered: The Culture, Filtering and Treatment of Assault in Police Courts, c. 1829–1900
Authors: Barrie David G.
Published: February 2024

While recent scholarly attention has focused on serious, indicatable violent crime in Scotland, this article considers the more common offence of lower-level assault that was dealt with summarily in police magistrate courts in the nineteenth century. It explores the role that police courts played in conceptualising, categorising and processing such violence, the role assault played in Scottish urban communities and the culture that surrounded it. The article also examines how magistrates dealt with assault and what this might suggest about the impact of the police and the courts on violent behavioural patterns. It argues that interpersonal violence had a more important, complex and nuanced role to play in Scottish urban communities than conclusions based on criminal indictments suggest. Assault was a disturbingly accepted facet of conflict resolution, a means of exerting authority and patriarchy in communities and households and an ever-present threat with which a sizeable percentage of the urban masses had to live. The article stresses that the boundaries between lower-level assault that was dealt with summarily and more serious (or ‘aggravated’) assault that was tried in a higher court on indictment were determined not just by the nature of violence wielded or the injury sustained, but by a raft of social, cultural and practical factors. Indeed, the rise of summary justice in the form of police courts helped to lower indictment rates for serious assault, as magistrates often dealt summarily with assaults that warranted a more serious charge. This is a point that historians need to bear in mind when considering what indictment rates for serious assault reveal about violence in Scotland more broadly.
Source cell-type epigenetic memory persists in induced pluripotent cells but is lost in subsequently derived germline cells
Authors: Lin Yu-Huey , Lehle Jake D. , McCarrey John R.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Retention of source cell-type epigenetic memory may mitigate the potential for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to fully achieve transitions in cell fate in vitro. While this may not preclude the use of iPSC-derived somatic cell types for therapeutic applications, it becomes a major concern impacting the potential use of iPSC-derived germline cell types for reproductive applications. The transition from a source somatic cell type to iPSCs and then on to germ-cell like cells (GCLCs) recapitulates two major epigenetic reprogramming events that normally occur during development in vivo—embryonic reprogramming in the epiblast and germline reprogramming in primordial germ cells (PGCs). We examined the extent of epigenetic and transcriptomic memory persisting first during the transition from differentiated source cell types to iPSCs, and then during the transition from iPSCs to PGC-like cells (PGCLCs).

Methods: We derived iPSCs from four differentiated mouse cell types including two somatic and two germ cell types and tested the extent to which each resulting iPSC line resembled a) a validated ES cell reference line, and b) their respective source cell types, on the basis of genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. We then induced each iPSC line to form PGCLCs, and assessed epigenomic and transcriptomic memory in each compared to endogenous PGCs/M-prospermatogonia.

Results: In each iPSC line, we found residual gene expression and epigenetic programming patterns characteristic of the corresponding source differentiated cell type from which each was derived. However, upon deriving PGCLCs, we found very little evidence of lingering epigenetic or transcriptomic memory of the original source cell type.

Discussion: This result indicates that derivation of iPSCs and then GCLCs from differentiated source cell types in vitro recapitulates the two-phase epigenetic reprogramming that normally occurs in vivo, and that, to a significant extent, germline cell types derived in vitro from pluripotent cells accurately recapitulate epigenetic programming and gene expression patterns corresponding to equivalent endogenous germ cell types, suggesting that they have the potential to form the basis of in vitro gametogenesis as a useful therapeutic strategy for treatment of infertility.
Natural killer cells affect the natural course, drug resistance, and prognosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang Li , Peng Xiaohuan , Ma Tao , Liu Jia , Yi Zhigang , Bai Jun , Li Yanhong , Li Lijuan , Zhang Liansheng
Published: February 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM), a stage-developed plasma cell malignancy, evolves from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering MM (SMM). Emerging therapies including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen-T/natural killer (NK) cells, bispecific T-cell engagers, selective inhibitors of nuclear export, and small-molecule targeted therapy have considerably improved patient survival. However, MM remains incurable owing to inevitable drug resistance and post-relapse rapid progression. NK cells with germline-encoded receptors are involved in the natural evolution of MGUS/SMM to active MM. NK cells actively recognize aberrant plasma cells undergoing malignant transformation but are yet to proliferate during the elimination phase, a process that has not been revealed in the immune editing theory. They are potential effector cells that have been neglected in the therapeutic process. Herein, we characterized changes in NK cells regarding disease evolution and elucidated its role in the early clinical monitoring of MM. Additionally, we systematically explored dynamic changes in NK cells from treated patients who are in remission or relapse to explore future combination therapy strategies to overcome drug resistance.
Coumarin-transition metal complexes with biological activity: current trends and perspectives
Authors: Todorov Lozan T. , Kostova Irena P.
Published: February 2024

Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) presents the fundamental structure of an enormous class of biologically active compounds of natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic origin. Extensive efforts are continually being put into the research and development of coumarin derivatives with medicinal properties by the broad scientific community. Transition metal coordination compounds with potential biological activity are a “hot topic” in the modern search for novel drugs. Complexation with transition metals can enhance the physiological effect of a molecule, modify its safety profile, and even imbue it with novel attributes of interest in the fields of medicine and pharmacy. The present review aims to inform the reader of the latest developments in the search for coumarin transition metal complexes with biological activity, their potential applications, and structure-activity relationships, where such can be elucidated. Each section of the present review addresses a certain kind of biological activity (antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc.), explores the most recent discoveries in the field, and, at the same time, tries to offer useful perspectives for potential future investigations.
Synthesis, characterization, PXRD studies, and theoretical calculation of the effect of gamma irradiation and antimicrobial studies on novel Pd(II), Cu(II), and Cu(I) complexes
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Aly Samar A. , Al-Sulami Ahlam I. , Albohy Salwa A. H. , Salem Mohamed F. , Nasr Ghada M. , Abdalla Ehab M.
Published: February 2024

The main objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize of a new three complexes of Pd (II), Cu (II), and Cu (I) metal ions with novel ligand ((Z)-2-(phenylamino)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)acetohydrazide) H2LB. The structural composition of new compounds was assessed using several analytical techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, electronic spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal behavior analysis. The Gaussian09 program employed the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach to optimize the geometry of all synthesized compounds, therefore obtaining the most favorable structures and crucial parameters. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of γ-irradiation on ligands and complexes. Before and after γ-irradiation, the antimicrobial efficiency was investigated for the activity of ligands and their chelates. The Cu(I) complex demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity after irradiation, as well as other standard medications such as ampicillin and gentamicin. Similarly, the Cu(I) complex exhibited superior activity against antifungal species relative to the standard drug Nystatin. The docking investigation utilized the target location of the topoisomerase enzyme (2xct) chain A.
Clinical assessment to identify pelvic injuries in the prehospital setting: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Coulombe Pascale , Robitaille-Fortin Maxime , Nadeau Alexandra , Malo Christian , Blanchard Pierre-Gilles , Benhamed Axel , Émond Marcel , Mercier Eric
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Pelvic injuries can be life-threatening and are challenging to identify in the prehospital phase. This study aimed to assess how pelvic examination is performed by paramedics and to determine the accuracy of their clinical examination when identifying pelvic fractures.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of prehospital interventions including both real and simulated trauma patients between July and August 2022. Data collection for the injured patient was made by an observer who was paired with teams of two consenting paramedics. Data pertaining to the clinical assessment for potential pelvic injuries during all interventions with a trauma patient were collected. Additionally, data were collected during four simulated scenarios of patients with an open-book type pelvic fracture following high-energy trauma mechanisms.

Results

A total of 29 trauma-related clinical interventions were assessed. Most patients were female (n = 22, 75.9%) with a mean age of 69.8 (SD 22.2) years. Fall from standing was the main trauma mechanism (n = 21, 72.4%). During 72.4% (n = 21) of all trauma-related interventions, an assessment for pelvic injuries was performed, mostly by pelvic palpation (n = 19, 65.5%), inquiring about the presence of pain (n = 12, 41.4%), searching for deformation (n = 7, 24.1%), and/or assessing leg length (n = 8, 27.6%). No pelvic injury was suspected by the paramedics, but two patients (6.9%) had a pelvic fracture and two (6.9%) had a hip fracture. Simulated cases of high-velocity mechanisms with an open-book pelvic fracture were completed by 11 pairs of paramedics. Most did a clinical pelvic assessment (n = 8, 72.7%) using palpation. When asked after the simulation, nine pairs (81.8%) suspected a pelvic fracture.

Conclusion

Pelvic injuries are challenging to identify, and pelvic assessment on the field is not standardized among paramedics. Training is needed to increase awareness relative to pelvic injuries and to improve detection.
Non-linear associations of cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes among US adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Jimei , Li Yimei , Zhu Junxia , Liang Jian , Xue Shan , Zhu Zhangzhi
Published: February 2024

Background

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel indicator for predicting the risk of obesity-related diseases. We aimed to determine the relationships of CMI with insulin resistance (IR), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using NHANES data from 1999 to 2020.

Methods

After CMI values were estimated, weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain whether CMI was an independent risk indicator for IR, IFG, and T2DM. Furthermore, stratified analyses and interaction analyses were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity of correlations across various subgroups. Subsequently, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine nonlinear relationships.

Results

21,304 US adults were enrolled in our study, of whom 5,326 (22.38%) had IR, 4,706 (20.17%) had IFG, and 3,724 (13.02%) had T2DM. In the studied population, a higher CMI index value was significantly associated with an elevated likelihood of IR, IFG, and T2DM. In the RCS regression model, the relationship between CMI and IR, IFG, and T2DM was identified as nonlinear. A nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship was found between CMI and IFG, and an inverse L-shaped association was observed between CMI and IR, CMI and T2DM. The cut-off values of CMI were 1.35, 1.48, and 1.30 for IR, IFG, and T2DM, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that CMI was positively correlated with an increase in IR, IFG, and T2DM in the studied population. CMI may be a simple and effective surrogate indicator of IR, IFG, and T2DM.
Applicability evaluation of plunger lift technology in shale gas wells
Authors: Fan Yu , Xiang Jianhua , Li Bochun , Chen Jiaxiao , Jiang Mi , Yu Fan
Published: February 2024

The accumulation of liquid in gas wells is a common problem in the later stages of shale gas production. The plunger lift is currently one of the most economically effective methods for removing accumulated liquid in gas wells, but its applicability is not yet clear. This article analyzes the production characteristics of gas wells on-site and summarizes the key indicators for evaluating the plunger lift technology, including casing pressure changes, production changes, liquid column plunger height, tubing-casing pressure differential changes, and differential size of pressure relief. Combined with numerical simulation methods, a complete set of evaluation systems for judging, classifying, and evaluating the effectiveness of plunger lift technology is established, and an evaluation method for the applicability of plunger lift technology is proposed. Taking well Ning 216-H4 as an example, a comprehensive evaluation is made on whether the gas well is suitable for plunger lift based on the height of the liquid column above the plunger, the production effect under pressure, and the overall shut-in time. This method has important guiding significance for the further promotion and application of plunger lift technology in deep wells, directional wells, and horizontal wells to achieve efficient development of natural gas.
Hope amidst crisis: exploring perinatal mental health and family dynamics in out-of-home care through virtual assessments during the UK COVID-19 response
Authors: Iyengar Udita , Heller-Bhatt Jessica
Published: February 2024

Caring for a young child exposed to early trauma, along with caregiving stress and heightened by the impact of lockdowns as a result of the COVID-19 response, may compromise the development of the parent-child relationship. Understanding a foster carer's attachment history and considering relational dynamics through an attachment lens may shed light on areas they need support in, to enhance their parenting capacity for vulnerable children. The feasibility of collecting and coding observational data and attachment interviews of foster carers and their children, when conducted remotely during COVID-19, needs to be explored. This perspective piece considers the impact on infant and perinatal health in the context of COVID-19 with particular emphasis on relational dynamics and attachment assessments, using a case study of a foster carer and her child in an out-of-home-care placement. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for safeguarding the well-being of both caregivers and vulnerable children during this challenging time.
Identification of a gene network driving the attenuated response to lipopolysaccharide of monocytes from hypertensive coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Lu Chang , Donners Marjo M. P. C. , de Baaij Julius B. J. , Jin Han , Otten Jeroen J. T. , Manca Marco , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Jukema J. Wouter , Kraaijeveld Adriaan , Kuiper Johan , Pasterkamp Gerard , Mees Barend , Sluimer Judith C. , Cavill Rachel , Karel Joël M. H. , Goossens Pieter , Biessen Erik A. L.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, encompassing various biological determinants and unhealthy lifestyles, on the functional dynamics of circulating monocytes—a pivotal cell type in CVD pathophysiology remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the influence of CVD risk factors on monocyte transcriptional responses to an infectious stimulus.

Methods

We conducted a comparative analysis of monocyte gene expression profiles from the CTMM – CIRCULATING CELLS Cohort of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, at baseline and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Gene co-expression analysis was used to identify gene modules and their correlations with CVD risk factors, while pivotal transcription factors controlling the hub genes in these modules were identified by regulatory network analyses. The identified gene module was subjected to a drug repurposing screen, utilizing the LINCS L1000 database.

Results

Monocyte responsiveness to LPS showed a highly significant, negative correlation with blood pressure levels (ρ< -0.4; P<10-80). We identified a ZNF12/ZBTB43-driven gene module closely linked to diastolic blood pressure, suggesting that monocyte responses to infectious stimuli, such as LPS, are attenuated in CAD patients with elevated diastolic blood pressure. This attenuation appears associated with a dampening of the LPS-induced suppression of oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we identified the serine-threonine inhibitor MW-STK33-97 as a drug candidate capable of reversing this aberrant LPS response.

Conclusions

Monocyte responses to infectious stimuli may be hampered in CAD patients with high diastolic blood pressure and this attenuated inflammatory response may be reversed by the serine-threonine inhibitor MW-STK33-97. Whether the identified gene module is a mere indicator of, or causal factor in diastolic blood pressure and the associated dampened LPS responses remains to be determined.
Cognition-associated long noncoding RNAs are dysregulated upon severe COVID-19
Authors: Lee Jonathan D. , Solomon Isaac H. , Slack Frank J. , Mavrikaki Maria
Published: February 2024

Severe COVID-19 leads to widespread transcriptomic changes in the human brain, mimicking diminished cognitive performance. As long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression, identification of the lncRNAs differentially expressed upon COVID-19 may nominate key regulatory nodes underpinning cognitive changes. Here we identify hundreds of lncRNAs differentially expressed in the brains of COVID-19 patients relative to uninfected age/sex-matched controls, many of which are associated with decreased cognitive performance and inflammatory cytokine response. Our analyses reveal pervasive transcriptomic changes in lncRNA expression upon severe COVID-19, which may serve as key regulators of neurocognitive changes in the brain.
Identification of cuproptosis-related gene clusters and immune cell infiltration in major burns based on machine learning models and experimental validation
Authors: Wang Xin , Xiong Zhenfang , Hong Wangbing , Liao Xincheng , Yang Guangping , Jiang Zhengying , Jing Lanxin , Huang Shengyu , Fu Zhonghua , Zhu Feng
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Burns are a global public health problem. Major burns can stimulate the body to enter a stress state, thereby increasing the risk of infection and adversely affecting the patient’s prognosis. Recently, it has been discovered that cuproptosis, a form of cell death, is associated with various diseases. Our research aims to explore the molecular clusters associated with cuproptosis in major burns and construct predictive models.

Methods

We analyzed the expression and immune infiltration characteristics of cuproptosis-related factors in major burn based on the GSE37069 dataset. Using 553 samples from major burn patients, we explored the molecular clusters based on cuproptosis-related genes and their associated immune cell infiltrates. The WGCNA was utilized to identify cluster-specific genes. Subsequently, the performance of different machine learning models was compared to select the optimal model. The effectiveness of the predictive model was validated using Nomogram, calibration curves, decision curves, and an external dataset. Finally, five core genes related to cuproptosis and major burn have been was validated using RT-qPCR.

Results

In both major burn and normal samples, we determined the cuproptosis-related genes associated with major burns through WGCNA analysis. Through immune infiltrate profiling analysis, we found significant immune differences between different clusters. When K=2, the clustering number is the most stable. GSVA analysis shows that specific genes in cluster 2 are closely associated with various functions. After identifying the cross-core genes, machine learning models indicate that generalized linear models have better accuracy. Ultimately, a generalized linear model for five highly correlated genes was constructed, and validation with an external dataset showed an AUC of 0.982. The accuracy of the model was further verified through calibration curves, decision curves, and modal graphs. Further analysis of clinical relevance revealed that these correlated genes were closely related to time of injury.

Conclusion

This study has revealed the intricate relationship between cuproptosis and major burns. Research has identified 15 cuproptosis-related genes that are associated with major burn. Through a machine learning model, five core genes related to cuproptosis and major burn have been selected and validated.