bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogue in the Social Media Age
Authors: Hallside Marcus , Ng Clara
Published: April 2024

The anti-dialogical nature of social media has exacerbated social divides while widening the gap between policy decisions and their lived implications. Effective interpersonal relationships – both a conduit and requisite of democracy – are arguably grounded in dialogue. As envisaged by Martin Buber, dialogue necessitates holding space for other subjectivities, constituting a humanistic approach to building trust and community. To build a healthy democracy, we thus need to reconceptualise the practical connections between dialogue, collaborative participation and public engagement. To this end, this article puts forth a two-pronged approach to the contribution of dialogue: by fostering presence while unsilencing marginalised voices. Specifically, we will explore the potential applications of Buberian dialogue within the practice of Structured Democratic Dialogue (SDD). As a methodology that both requires and facilitates trust-building absent in social media mechanisms, SDD promises a path towards greater inclusiveness and commitment core to the workings of deliberative democracy.
Encountering Job
Authors: Papp Szilvia Anikó
Published: April 2024

Within the scope of this article, I interpret the Book of Job through Martin Buber's concept of dialogue. The Book of Job continues to pose unanswerable inquiries concerning the enigma of human suffering, the benevolence of God and the elusive origins of Evil. Rather than attempting to provide definitive answers to these eternal questions, I have chosen to shift the focus of my interpretation towards a process of dialogue itself, for I believe that within the pages of the Book of Job, the dialogue assumes a pivotal role. I create a dialogue between Martin Buber's philosophical essay, I and Thou, and the Book of Job in the interpretive process.
Space, Place and Gender in German Cultural Zionism
Authors: Stair Rose
Published: April 2024

Resisting characterisations of cultural Zionism as a male intellectual movement located in the realm of ideas, Paula Winkler's Zionist writings foreground the role played by Jewish women in the home. Placing her writings in dialogue with those of her partner Martin Buber, this article argues that Winkler's vision of Zionism not only offers a more robust engagement with the concept of space, but also disrupts Buber's gendered division of Zionist labour and his view of the temporal unfolding of Zionism. In a significant contribution to cultural Zionist thought, Winkler anchors the movement in the material environment of the home, wherein the Jewish woman creates a transformative experience of the homeland that anticipates and facilitates the future success of Zionism.
A Short Reflection on Martin Buber and Zionism
Authors: Cooper Howard
Published: April 2024

Martin Buber's perspective on Zionism was rooted in the view that ‘two vital claims’ were ‘opposed to one another’. Stressing the role of justice and imagination during speeches at the Zionist Congresses of 1921 and 1929, his ‘prophetic’ perspective emphasised the indivisibility of politics and morality. Distinguishing between ’Israel’ (nationalism) and ‘Zion’ (a spiritual ideal) led him to advocate for a bi-national state in Palestine. He called the way the State of Israel came into being in 1948 as an entry into history through ‘a false gateway’.
Review of How Did Moses Know He Was a Hebrew?
Authors: Karstadt Elliott
Published: April 2024

Jonathan Magonet et al., How Did Moses Know He Was a Hebrew? Hakodesh Press, 2021.
Developing Money Concepts with a Special Needs Student
Authors: De Los Santos Estella
Published: April 2024

The student for the case study was a tenth-grade student at a public high school, grades 9-12, in South Texas. In preparation for creating a successful transition from high school to the workforce, the researcher in consultation with the parent, decided to work with the student on money concepts. The researcher has previously worked with the student since elementary school years (1st to 5th grade), through middle school (6th to 8th grades), onto the current high school years (9th to 12th grades) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].
Political Finance in the Digital Age: A Case Study of the European Union
Authors: Wolfs Wouter
Published: April 2024

Although specific rules were introduced in 2004 for the funding of political parties at the European level, the EU institutions have traditionally refrained from regulating political finance and electoral campaigns. Instead, this has largely remained the preserve of member states, which have very different political traditions and diverging regulatory regimes for campaign and party finances, including the digital and online aspects. Since 2019, the EU has started to take several regulatory steps to confine campaigning, particularly in the digital sphere. This case study examines the implications of these new EU rules for political finance, with a specific focus on online advertising.
Assessment of the planting material infection and fungal pathogens identification of garlic
Authors: Temirbekova S. K , Beloshapkina O. O , Afanasyeva Yu. V , Ionova N. E , Tareeva M. M , Polivanova O. B
Published: April 2024

The research results of the main diseases that cause garlic bulb rot in the Moscow region during storage are presented. It was shown that long-term storage (17 months), as expected, increased the rots prevalence and development, both Penicilus: 10.0-12.5%, and Fusarium: 10.0-11.3%. Winter garlic cultivar Nina Arsentyevna’s Memory bulbs by 2 species of Fusarium hade been infected: F. fujikuroi and F. roliferatum identified by PCR analysis and subsequent sequencing of the two isolates target genome. Winter garlic cultivar Pamyati Nina Arsentievna is highly resistant to rots of fungal origin, even after long-term storage (more than a year), in comparison with the reference sample from the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing, the bulbs of which were completely affected, and corresponded to the fifth defeat point. On winter garlic, the causative agent of penicillium rot, Penicillium glaucum Link, was also found. On collection samples of winter garlic, during selective annual studies, penicillary rot was not found.
Influence of substrate and nutrient solution on biometric performance and net productivity of garden strawberry seedlings photosynthesis under photoculture conditions
Authors: Kondratiev V. M , Kononenko A. N , Ivakhnova O. F , Kiselev M. V , Loginova Yu. N
Published: April 2024

The effect of substrate and nutrient solution on biometric parameters and net photosynthesis productivity of strawberry seedlings of the White Swede variety obtained in vitro under light culture conditions at irradiation power of 126.8 and 172.3 mmol/m2/s was investigated. The highest seedlings with a horn diameter of 0.8 cm were obtained in variants using a mineral wool substrate and nutrient solutions at an irradiation power of 126.8 mmol/m2/s. The irradiation power of 172.3 mmol/m2/s contributed to the largest number of leaves in the variants MV+ PR and MV + 1 MS of 10.0 ± 0.5 pcs. in both cases, and the active development of the assimilation area of the leaves. The irradiation power of 126.8 mmol/m2/s and the use of a nutrient solution contributes to the better development of the root system. The net photosynthesis productivity on an organic substrate using a nutrient solution (CS+1 MS) is 1.5-2.5 times higher than when using an organic substrate filled with fertilizers (GT+water). The net photosynthesis productivity of the leaf apparatus of seedlings grown on a mineral wool substrate at an irradiation power of 126.8 mmol/m2/s was in the range from 0.27 to 0.33 mg/cm2/day, and at an irradiation power of 172.3 mmol/m2/s - in the range from 0.23 to 0.29 mg/ cm2/day.
Study of winter wheat genetic resources and genetic sources with drought resistance identification for selection and production usage
Authors: Temirbekova S. K , Kulikov I. M , Ionova N. E , Afanasyeva Yu. V , Kalashnikova E. A , Bastaubaeva Sh. O , Sardarova I. I
Published: April 2024

The problem of drought is acute in a large area of Russia, which will not decrease in the coming decades, but will grow. The most important measures to combat drought are the selection of drought- and heat-resistant crops and the creation of varieties for various ecological and geographical zones of Russia based on the widespread use of the World Collections of Agricultural Plants. The results of the study of the gene pool of winter wheat during severe atmospheric drought, which manifested itself twice in 50 years of studying genetic resources from different countries in 1972 and 2010, are presented. The primary tasks were the mobilization of new forms of drought-resistant plants from the arid zones of Russia, as well as from abroad, the expansion of research on the identification of genetic sources and donors of drought resistance, the creation and accelerated introduction into agricultural production of new drought-resistant varieties and hybrids of winter wheat.
Evaluation of the productivity of open ground cucumbers according to the adaptability parameters in the Middle Amur region conditions
Authors: Kuzmitskaya N. V , Yurechko T. K , Kuzmitskaya G. A
Published: April 2024

The research was conducted in 2019-2021 in the Khabarovsk district of the Khabarovsk Territory in the open ground at the breading plot of the Vegetable Crops and Potato Department of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute on the meadow-brown heavy loamy soils. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the variety samples of open-ground cucumber by yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Middle Amur region. The material for the study were 15 variety samples of breeding by the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute. The meteorological conditions in the years of researches differed from the long-term average values, especially in the amount of precipitation. The hydrothermal conditions in the active growing season of cucumber in the summer months were characterized mainly by redundant humidification, hydrothermal coefficient = 2.1-5.4. The average annual yield of cucumber for three years was 21.4 t/ha. The level of the average yield varied from 17.1 to 27.2 t/ha. The indicator of quantitative variability on the trait of yield varied from insignificant V=0.75-5.80% to average V=11.11-12.43% variation. “Mig” variety sample and the variety samples № 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 (bi=1.22-2.81) are among the varieties of the narrowly adaptive type (bi>1). “Khabar”, “Yerofey”, “Naslednik” variety samples and the variety samples № 2, 3, 7, 8, 11 are among the varieties of neutral or broadly adaptive type (bi
Adaptive restructuring of grape metabolism in winter period
Authors: Kiseleva G. K , Ilina I. A , Zaporozhets N. M , Sokolova V. V , Lutsky E. O
Published: April 2024

In the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Krai, the urgency of the problem of winter hardiness of grapes increases due to an increase in the average annual air temperature against the background of an increase in the frequency of low critical air temperatures in the winter. The adaptive rearrangements of grape metabolism associated with resistance to winter stresses have been studied. Objects of research: grape varieties of different ecological and geographical origin: Crystal, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif. The electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel in the studied grape varieties revealed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of isoforms changed during the winter period and depended on the variety and the influence of the stress factor. During the autumn-winter period, the varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg revealed an increased total content of anthocyanins in (13.2-14.4 conventional units), ascorbic acid in shoots (13.7-18.4 µg/g of raw weight) in contrast to the varieties Aligote, Zarif. According to the research, it was found that the Crystal grape variety has increased frost resistance, followed in descending order by Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Dostoyny. These varieties have great adaptive capabilities in unstable conditions of a changing climate and are recommended for cultivation in the Anapo-Taman zone, as well as for use in breeding as sources of frost resistance. Varieties Aligote, Zarif are singled out as less frost-resistant.
Genetic monitoring cattle a herd of the sychev breed
Authors: Dmitrieva V. I , Koltsov D. N , Gontov M. E
Published: April 2024

According to the results of immunogenetic studies (2006-2020), the dynamics of changes in the herd allelofond according to genetic markers of blood groups with a period of five years was studied in JSC Smolenskoye for breeding work. A reduction in the number of EAB alleles in breeding bulls from 29 to 16, in cows from 39 to 33 was revealed. The frequency of occurrence of 12-13 main EAB alleles in the herd is 0.737 - 0.753, in the breed - 0,778. During all monitoring periods, the EAB alleles - G2Y2E/1Q/, Y1A/1, E/3G/G//, Q/ were found with a frequency of 4% and higher. There was an increase in the level of homozygosity for dam stock by 1.1%, for producing bulls - by more than 3%. It was found that in the herd for 2020 with a total frequency of 0.318, there are alleles of the EAB locus B2±G2O1Y2D/E/2G//, E/3G/, E/3G/G//, G2T2Y2A/1B/G/I/Q/Y/B//, G1A/1. The frequency of their occurrence by breed is 0.120. In 13% of cows of the herd, there are EAB alleles A1B/, B1I1Q, O1I/Q/, G3O1T1A/2E/3F/2K/G//, I1Y2I/, in the breed they occur in 22.3% of animals. It was revealed that alleles of the Holstein breed in different periods were found, respectively, in 43.3, 25.9, 61.7 percent of cows, alleles of the breed of Sychevka - in 19.2, 36.0, 23.2%. The index of genetic similarity between the breeding farms of the breed of Sychevka varied from 0.632-0.884, between the animals of the herd and the breed it was 0.750-0.855. We note that in bulls evaluated by the quality of offspring, the difference in the productivity of daughters in favor of one or another preferential allele from the producer was 61-1403 kg of milk, 0,01-0,15% fat and up to 0.06 percent protein for the first lactation. According to the highest lactation, the differences in milk yield are 26-1083 kg of milk, in fat content - 0,02-0,19%, protein 0,01-0,06%.
Evaluation of genetic markers in the analysis of the colors and marks occurrence in the vyatka breed horses
Authors: Belousova N. F , Bass S. P , Sorokin S. I , Gulyaeva A. N
Published: April 2024

Vyatka breed is a valuable small native breed of horses. The study of the determination of suits is of significant practical importance in breeding. This is especially true for small breeds. The purpose of the research is to monitor the color and markings as important genetic markers of preservation the Vyatka breed gene pool. To meet the objective, the following tasks were set: to evaluate the structure of suits in a microevolutionary aspect and to study the polymorphism of the MC1R and ASIP genes, determine the basic suits, the “lightening” genes TBX3 and MATP, determining the desired suits in the breed, as well as to evaluate the influence of the TBX3 and W20 genes, giving the desirable "wild" markings and undesirable whites. The object of the study is Vyatka horses born in 1975-2022 (n=2949) registered in the breed database. DNA extraction from hair follicles of Vyatka horses (n=86) was carried out in the “HorsGen” laboratory (Moscow) using “ExtraGene DNA Prep” (“Isogen”, Moscow). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by allele-specific PCR. The calculations were performed using MS Excel 10. Prevailing colors in the Vyatka breed - dun (56.9%) and grullo (31.7%). Of commercial interest are the colors determined by the Dun + Cream genes (3.2%). The occurrence of the D/D genotype in the Vyatka breed is low (0.167), so there are non-dun colors (5,2%). All TBX3 genotypes were identified with a predominance of D/nd1 (0.405). The relationship between the TBX3 gene and white markings has not been found, but with a shade of color and “wild” markings, it has been identified. The D/nd1 genotype is more common in medium (0.440) and light (0.714) horses, with D/nd2 (0.455) predominating in darker individuals. Noticeable "wild" markings prevail in horses with the D/nd1 genotype (0.539), their absence was found only in species with D/nd2. The MC1R/EE genotype is predominant in horses without white markings (0.612) and those with small markings (0.500). The occurrence of the W20 allele in Vyatka breed is low (0.146) and affects the size of white marks: the lowest was noted in animals without marks, the highest - with large marks. Since the color is an important genetic marker and selection trait, genotyping of breeding stallions and mares for the set of genes associated with the colors and markings is important.
Influence of domestic liquid organic and mineral fertilizers on yield and quality indicators of sunflower hybrids
Authors: Khanieva I. M , Boziev A. L , Kashukoev M. V , Magomedov K. G , Odizhev A. A , Egorov V. P
Published: April 2024

In ecological agriculture with the use of biological products and growth regulators, this is the safest and most effective means of protecting plants from pests and diseases. The article presents the results of research on the use of liquid organomineral fertilizers of domestic production on sunflower hybrids crops. The influence of the combined action of liquid organomineral fertilizers “Polydon Bio Oily”+“Biostim Oily and Polydon Bio Oily”+“Guttafol Oily” (mineral fertilizer background - N60P40K60) on the value of indicators of crop photosynthetic activity, the ground mass formation and accumulation, dry matter, products productivity and quality the results was obtained. The most productive sunflower hybrids cultivated on leached chernozems are: Apollo, Factor and EC Bella with a yield of up to 30-32 c/ha and an oil yield of up to 16 c/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers N60P40K60 and liquid organomineral fertilizers increases the oil content in the seeds of the hybrids under study and affects the collection of oil per unit area. In the control (without treatments) the oil content varied from 51.14% to 52.67%, the maximum oil yield in these options was 14.47 kg/ha; with the use of Polydon Bio Oily - 0.8 l/ha + Biostim Oily - 1.0 l/h the maximum oil content and oil yield - 54.83% and 15.69 kg/ha, respectively, with Polydon Bio Oily - 0.8 l/ha + Guttafol Oily - 1.0 l/ha - 53, 93% and 14.54 q/ha.
Succinic acid in sable breeding of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Cherkashina A. G
Published: April 2024

Sable breeding is a new promising branch of animal husbandry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Since the end of 2019, caged sables have been imported to the Pokrovskoye Zverokhozyaystvo (eng: Pokrovsk Animal Farm) and MUE "Zolotinka" from the Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan. The natural and climatic features of our republic differ significantly from other regions of Russia, and there are undoubtedly differences in the provision of animal nutrition to animal breeding enterprises. The initial goal is to increase the survival rate of imported breeding sables for their further reproduction. In the article, the author conducted research on the effect of adaptogen on the survival of cellular sables. An environmentally safe biologically active substance was used - succinic acid at a dose of 40 mg per 1 animal 1 time per day. In the I and II experiments, the safety in the experimental groups was higher by 5.56-40.0%. Evidence of ongoing stress in sables that are in the period of adaptation to new climatic and feeding conditions is leukopenia in the blood of animals of the control group. In the blood of animals of the experimental group, the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and hemoglobin was within the physiological norm and the growth of leukocytes was noted, which indicates a positive effect of the adaptogen. The results of the blood test indicate the ongoing process of adaptation of sables, as well as an increase in the nonspecific resistance of experimental sables under the influence of succinic acid.
Technological aspects of growing promising seed rootstocks for pears based on common quince selection VNIISPK
Authors: Semin I. V
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of agrotechnical research to optimize the technology of growing intensive-type seed stocks based on quince of ordinary VNIISPK breeding and improving the quality of grown seedlings in nursery conditions in order to intensify the production of pear varieties in Central Russia. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the seed productivity of quince of ordinary selection of VNIISPK is almost 8-10 times higher than that of pear, which is most often used as a seed stock in the central part of Russia. Selected forms of quince of ordinary selection of VNIISPK are quite hardy, able to grow and bear fruit in the conditions of the Orel region and can be used as seed rootstocks of pears. Technological methods of preliminary preparation and stratification of quince seeds and methods of growing seed crops for pears in artificial ridges have been developed and optimized. The advantage of using artificial ridges for growing quince seedlings in nursery conditions is shown. Experimentally selected the most reasonable methods of growing common quince, seed sowing schemes, timing and optimal stages of seed development for sowing, providing the best germination rates and the highest yield of seed rootstocks. Based on the obtained research results, a technological scheme is proposed for growing seed rootstocks of the intensive type of VNIISPK breeding in a nursery for the subsequent propagation of pear varieties using intensive technologies in the conditions of the middle zone of Russia.
Influence of fungicides usage on the growth, development and yield of potatoes
Authors: Udalova E. Yu , Zamyatin S. A
Published: April 2024

The article assesses the effect of protective preparations of chemical and biological origin in the treatment of potato tubers and plants during the growing season in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The results of the action of fungicides on the formation of potato yields are presented and the effect of the studied preparations on the leaf surface area during the growing season, as well as the effect of chemical preparations in the fight against diseases in the treatment of tubers before planting and plants during the growing season. The use of the fungicide Celest Top and the treatment of plants during vegetation with chemicals increased the leaf surface area during the flowering phase to 40 thousand m2/ ha. In this variant, thanks to chemical fungicides, there were the highest indicators of germination density, phytometric indicators of resistance to the most common diseases, which made it possible to increase and maintain the maximum leaf surface area, thanks to which the yield of potato tuber increased by 4.2%. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of various disease protection systems on potato yield in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El.
Features of the soil aciditification dynamics in agricultural landscape
Authors: Ivanov D. A , Rublyuk M. V , Antsiferova O. N
Published: April 2024

The results of long-term monitoring of the spatial dynamics of soil acidification within the terminal moraine hill are presented. The studies were carried out in 1996-2020. on the agro-ecological transect (VNIIMZ, Tver region) - an array crossing the landscape positions of the hill, consisting of 10 fields with an individual history. The exchangeable acidity of soils was determined at 30 sampling points, regularly located in each field at 40 m from each other. We used pHKCl data for 1996 and 2020 and acidification indicators determined as the difference in the values of soil exchange acidity at the beginning and end of observations. Statistical processing consisted in revealing the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors on soil acidification. It was found that the soils were significantly acidified during extensive farming. In 1996-2020 the average exchangeable acidity decreased by 0.6 (0.023 per year), but the soils did not move out of the slightly acidic category, which will take another 10 years. The spatial variability of pH significantly decreased: strongly acidic and neutral soils disappeared from the soil cover. It has been established that the landscape determines 34% of the spatial variability of soil acidification, and anthropogenic factors determine 26%. There are 4 groups of territories in the agrolandscape, significantly differing in the degree of soil acidification, which is explained by the heterogeneity of the relief and parent rocks. According to the diversity of anthropogenic impact, 5 groups of fields are distinguished, where differences in soil acidification are due to their history. In general, it is impossible to single out an anthropogenic factor in the agrolandscape that significantly affects the degree of soil acidification, however, the impact is noticeable on individual substowlands, which allows developing measures to reduce the intensity of this degradation factor. It is recommended to develop crop rotations within the tops of the hills and not to place fallows, hayfields and hatching fields with eastern goat's rue. On the middle, lower parts of the slopes and in inter-hill depressions, it is not recommended to place winter and cover crops.
Environmental problems of insecticides application in agriculture to combat blood-sucking dipterous insects
Authors: Rotkin A. T
Published: April 2024

This article discusses scientific studies that indicate the negative factors that arise when using insecticides to combat blood-sucking diptera insects. Diptera insects are carriers of viral diseases of humans and animals, such as anthrax, tularemia, diphtheria, anaplasmosis and others. They also contribute to the transmission of invasive diseases, which further increases their harmfulness. To reduce the economic damage caused by insects, various preventive and extermination measures are used, where the main method is the use of insecticides. However, more and more studies point to the negative impact of chemical insecticides on the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. This may indicate that the scale of the use of insecticidal drugs is far ahead of the study of the consequences associated with their use.  Therefore, the current situation requires a reassessment of this approach to pest control. To collect information, a search was made for scientific papers in Russian and foreign sources on the negative consequences of the use of insecticides and alternative approaches to pest control. Research in this area is necessary to develop effective and environmentally friendly pest control strategies and minimize losses in animal husbandry. To overcome the environmental problems associated with the use of insecticides in animal husbandry, an integrated approach is considered, which includes a variety of tactics based on alternative methods of disinsection and combining mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical methods of pest control while minimizing the use of insecticides.
Diversity and seasonal dynamics analysis of the blood-sucking mosquitoes fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Tavdinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Burashova M. I
Published: April 2024

This article provides data on the species diversity and seasonal dynamics of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae), which are important vectors of various infectious and invasive diseases. As a result of the research conducted during several seasons from 2020 to 2022, it was revealed that 11 species of mosquitoes belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes and Culiseta live on the territory of the Tavdinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. When comparing the number of culicids for all seasons, a correlation was revealed between hydrological, weather conditions and the intensity of insect summer. The optimal level of precipitation during the year provides enough breeding sites for mosquito larvae. The 2022 season was favorable for the development and summer of mosquitoes, in which heavy precipitation contributed to a vast area of reservoirs necessary for the development of insects. The smallest number was observed in 2021. As a result of low rainfall, severe frosts in winter, cold spring and arid, hot summer, there was a reduction in the number of mosquitoes. The results of the study allow a deeper understanding of the ecology of mosquitoes in this region, their activity in different seasons and their potential role in the transmission of infections. This work is important for the development of effective strategies for controlling mosquitoes and preventing diseases associated with their bites.
Environment influence on the physiological and productive genotypes indicators in Tajikistan republic different zones
Authors: Sadikov A. T , Temirbekova S. K
Published: April 2024

The success of breeding largely depends on the availability of a genetically diverse source material with a broad response to changing environmental conditions, its study and proper screening, as well as the identification of new sources of valuable traits and properties among ecologically remote agroecotypes that enrich the genetic potential of domestic varieties. When creating more advanced varieties that can increase the efficiency of agriculture, a special place is given to the combination of traditional breeding methods using the genetic and physiological systems of plants that contribute to the creation of high-yielding genotypes of cotton. This is due to the fact that the genotype is realized at the physiological level, and the possibilities of selection based on empirical experience and intuition are exhausted - along with huge achievements (the contribution of the variety to the formation of the crop in many countries of the world has become 30...60 %), its development has recently been marked by pronounced negative trends, characterized, in particular, by a decrease in the resistance of plants to environmental stress and a deterioration in the quality of the products obtained. The article presents the results physiological characteristics of studies as a priority direction for increasing the productivity of cotton growing. The role of the growth of number of leaves per plant as photosynthetic activity and compensatory mechanisms, elements of the crop structure in the process of breeding new varieties and lines of medium-fiber cotton during their cultivation in various ecological zones of the Republic of Tajikistan is shown.
Negative Effects of Imidazolinone Herbicides Usage: Problems and Desicions
Authors: Bychkova V. V. , Sazonova I. A. , Pidenko P. S. , Pidenko S. A. , Burmistrova N. A.
Published: April 2024

Currently, in industrial agricultural production, the best results are demonstrated by technological schemes for weed control based on the use of complexes of non-selective and selective herbicides in crop rotations. Herbicides of the imidazolinone group are well-known representatives of selective herbicides class. Commercial drugs based on them are widely represented on the market. At the same time, the negative consequences of using herbicides of the imidazolinone group are well known. They lead to disruption of natural soil biodiversity, inhibition of growth and decreasing in the yield of subsequent crops in crop rotations and the emergence of resistant weeds. The manuscript discusses the mechanisms of action of herbicides of the imidazolinone group, the current state of methods of their analysis in the soil, as well as approaches to reducing the negative effects of their usage.
Effect of Various Meliorants on Respiration Intensity and Organic Carbon Content in the Soils of the Rostov Zoo
Authors: Fedorenko A. N. , Gobarova A. A. , Kazeev K. Sh.
Published: April 2024

Organic substances (sawdust, straw, leaf litter, needles, peat, sunflower husk, charcoal), synthetic moisture regulator (Aquaterra hydrogel), mineral adsorbents and diluents (glauconite sand, diatomite, vermiculite) were used as reclamation agents to optimize the ecological state of the soils of the enclosures of the Rostov-on-Don Zoo, agroperlite, zeolite), biological products (Tamir, potassium humate, Baikal EM), as well as a combination of potassium humate and sawdust). The best results were obtained when applying sawdust in doses of 5 and 10% of the soil weight. At the same time, biological processes in the soil intensified, which increased its ability to self-purify from animal metabolic products. The introduced sawdust mineralized with a strong increase in carbon dioxide emissions. The content of organic carbon in the soil at the same time by the end of the experiment (after 6 months) practically did not change.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Organic and Miineral Fertilizers on the Agrochemical Properties of Sod-Podzolic Soils and Productiviny of Annual Grasses in the Fodder Crop Rotation of the European North
Authors: Chebotarev N. T. , Brovarova O. V.
Published: April 2024

In a field long-term experiment on sod-podzolic soil, the effectiveness of the complex application of fertilizers and their effect on soil fertility and productivity of annual grasses in the feed 6-pole crop rotation was determined. It is shown that the combined use of fertilizers most effectively affected the increase in the fertility of sod-podzolic soil and the productivity of the vico-oat mixture. The amount of humus increased by 0.30.8%, mobile phosphorus - by 60-140 mg/kg, the exchange and hydrolytic acidity and the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil decreased. The complex application of fertilizers in high doses significantly increased the yield and quality of annual grasses.
Effect of Increasing Levels of Mineral Nutrition on the Quality of Various Fractions of Winter Rye Grain
Authors: Pasynkov А. V. , Pasynkova Е. N.
Published: April 2024

Data are presented on the change in the main quality indicators of various fractions of winter rye grain grown against the background of increasing levels of mineral nutrition. Studies have shown the absence of any statistically significant dependences of the weight of 1000 grains weight of a certain (specific) fraction of winter rye grain on the level of mineral nutrition. In this case, the dependence of the 1000 grains weight on the grain thickness was described as accurately as possible (by R2) by a second-order equation. In contrast to the 1000 grains weight, the content of protein and pentosans, as well as the value of the falling number indicator, significantly depend both on the level of mineral nutrition and on the thickness of the grain. At the same time, the dependencies of the content of protein and pentosans on the level of mineral nutrition and the of the caryopsis reflect the equations of the second, and the falling number indicator, of the third order as accurately as possible.
Biological Methods of Ooptimization of Cultivation of Perennial Grasses in Agriculture of the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors: Barinov V. N.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of using nitrogen of annual legumes for fertilizing perennial grasses (timofeevka meadow) by using them as cover crops has been established. By increasing the content of assimilable forms of nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil, they had a positive effect on the development of grasses in the autumn and spring periods, the formation of their biomass during vegetation, improving its quality, increasing the development of the root system of perennial grasses and the accumulation of nutrients in it. The effective effect of cover crops was traced for 4 years, the total increase in the mowing crop during this time amounted to over 120 kg/ha, the economic effect – of 17 thousand rubles.
Effect of Heavy Metals on the Abundance of Bacteria of the Genus Аzotobacter in Gray-Brown Soils of the Аbsheron Peninsula
Authors: Nadjafova S. I.
Published: April 2024

The effect of different concentrations of heavy metals in gray-brown soils of the Absheron Peninsula on the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has been studied. The indicators of the total number of microorganisms and the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter were taken as informative indicators. It is shown that in the studied soil, with an increase in the concentration of heavy metals (TM) at all accounting periods, a decrease in the total number of microorganisms was observed compared with the control. The study of the abundance of bacteria g. Azotobacter of gray-brown soil showed that bacteria of this genus had sufficient resistance to the effects of TM. At concentrations of 1 MPC, no definite effect of heavy metals on bacteria of this genus was detected. However, with the action of TM at concentrations of 5 and 10 MPC, a decrease in the abundance of bacteria was observed in relation to the control. The studied metals according to their inhibitory effect, depending on the nature of pollutants, can be arranged in a row: Cr Pb Cu.
Changes in the Chemical and Biological Properties of Arable Soils with Different Duration of the Freezing Period
Authors: Pinskoy V. N. , Kashirskay N. N. , Alekseev A. O. , Malyshev V. V. , Borisov A.V.
Published: April 2024

The results of a 2-year vegetation experiment to study the effect of the duration of the frost-free period on the chemical properties and biological activity of agrokashtan soils and agrochernozem are presented. The task of the experiment was to assess changes in soil properties that may occur with further warming of the climate and a reduction in the time of stay of soils in the frozen state. The first variant of the experiment provided for incubation of soils in a frozen state in winter for 160 days, the second – 56 days, in the third variant, the soil was incubated throughout the winter period at a temperature of  0°C. Before winter incubation, the soil was moistened to 60% of FMC, mineral fertilizers and straw were applied. In the spring, spring wheat of the Zlata variety of the selection of the Moscow NIISH “Nemchinovka” was sown in the soil. Throughout the growing season, soil samples were kept in the vegetation pavilion in conditions of natural moisture and illumination. Sampling and measurements of biological properties were carried out in the spring period 10 days after the samples were transferred from the refrigerator to the vegetation pavilion. It was found that, depending on the duration of the freezing period of the studied soils, the most sensitive indicators for temperature changes were microbial biomass (C-LED), basal respiration rate (V-BASRR) of the microbial community and the number of microorganisms (NMO) growing on soil agar and on a rich medium. The soils that were incubated without freezing had the lowest values of C-LED and V-BASRR. The increase in the freezing period of the soil affected the acidity of the soils. In the variants with prolonged freezing in the 2nd year of the study, the pH value increased. For agrochernozem, a decrease in the content of P2O5 was noted as the freezing period increased. For agrokashtan soils, this pattern was less pronounced. In these soils, a tendency to decrease the C : N ratio was revealed with an increase in the time spent in the frozen state. The content of Corg, as well as macro- and microelements in all variants practically did not change during the 2 years of the experiment.
Duration of the Aftereffect of Mineral Fertilizers in the Experience of the Kurgan Research Institute
Authors: Volynkina O. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer for 5 rotations of a 4-field grain crop rotation in the stationary experiment of the Kurgan Research Institute was studied. Different nitrogen distribution between crop rotation crops was tested. When the entire crop rotation dose of nitrogen was applied to the first field, the fertilizer had an aftereffect on the yield of the next 3 crops. Similarly, when dividing the nitrogen dose into the 1st and 3rd fields, an increase in crop yields was noted in the 2nd and 4th crops. The different distribution of nitrogen between crop rotation crops gave similar effects under experimental conditions with the manifestation of the advantage of using nitrogen in crop rotation in a year. For the next 27 years, fertilizers were not applied on these backgrounds and the aftereffect of fertilizer applied in total doses of N1050–1575P840 for 21 years was taken into account in permanent wheat crops. At the 1st dose of nitrogen, the fertilizer had a significant aftereffect for 5 years, at the 2nd – 9, but also later. In years with sufficient moisture, an increase in yield was observed from the aftereffect of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer.
Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Common Chernozem in the Application of Bacillus sp. and Biochar for Stimulation of Decomposition of Winter Wheat Harvest Residues (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Minnikova T. V. , Minin N. S. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Gorovtsov A. V. , Chistyakov V. A.
Published: April 2024

Stable functioning of agricultural lands is impossible without maintaining soil fertility. However, there are often a lot of crop residues in the fields, which decompose for a long time and turn into available organic matter. To increase the rate of decomposition of crop residues of grain crops (wheat, barley and others), it is necessary to introduce biostimulants. Biostimulants are a variety of substances that stimulate the decomposition of organic substances and have a beneficial effect on the soil microbiota. The article examines the influence of Bacillus sp. on the processes of decomposition of crop residues of wheat both independently and together with biochar. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of ordinary chernozem during the decomposition of crop residues of winter wheat under the influence of Bacillus sp. and biochar. To assess the ecological state of the soil, the following research methods were used: assessment of the rate of decomposition of cellulose (determination of cellulolytic activity), assessment of the ecological state of the soil (intensity of CO2 emissions, changes in the intensity of initial growth and development of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)). Introduction of Bacillus sp. × 100 and the joint use of biochar and Bacillus sp. it stimulated the decomposition of cellulose up to 14–15% of the background content. Inoculation of Bacillus sp. on the biochar, it was effective already at the recommended dose both for the decomposition of the cellulose web and for restoring the ecological state of the soil, demonstrating a synergistic effect. The results obtained should be used in carrying out measures to increase soil fertility of agricultural lands and environmental monitoring of soil conditions.
Humic-Based Soil Modifiers from Peat and Coal: Effect on Chemical and Biological Properties of Model Soil Mixtures
Authors: Stepanov A. A. , Yakimenko O. S.
Published: April 2024

The impact of humic-based soil modifiers (HSM) produced from peat and coal (“Torfogel” and “Uglegel” accordingly) on chemical properties, cellulolytic activity and productivity of model soil mixtures (artificial soils) was evaluated in a pot experiment. Soddy-podzolic cultivated soil of the Moscow region was used as a natural reference soil. It is shown that an increase in the proportion of both HSM from 3 to 15% in soil mixtures improved their main agrochemical indicators: content of NPK and humus reached high levels, comparable to and exceeding those for the reference soil. Significant differences occurred starting from 5% of “Uglegel” content in mixtures, and 7% of “Torfogel”. Soil treatment with HSM stimulated the biological activity of soil mixtures, as well as plant growth and development. All the above trends were much more pronounced when treated with "Uglegel" in comparison with "Torfogel". This fact could be due to organic matter genesis of peat- and coal-originated HSM. The results of the work can be used to create stable and productive artificial soils.
Efficiency of a Composition Based on the Growth Regulator Floroxan with Glycyrrhisic Acid in Growing Cotton and Eggplant
Authors: Zakirova R. P. , Khalikov S. S. , Kurbanova E. R. , Turaeva S. M. , Chkanikov N. D.
Published: April 2024

Mechanochemical modification of the substance of floroxan by the glycyrrhizic acid made it possible to increase the solubility of the preparation and expand the range and effectiveness of its action.
Transformation of the Botanical Composition of the Herbage with the Use of Mineral Fertilizers and Sowing Seeds on the Developed Peat Bog
Authors: Anisimova T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The results of a 5-year study of changes in the botanical composition of seeded and natural herbage, soil properties depending on the applied agricultural techniques, which included direct sowing of grasses into the turf of the developed peat bog and the use of mineral fertilizers, are presented. The introduction of mineral fertilizers contributed to the enrichment of the soil with available nutrients, which made it possible to increase the productivity of herbs in combination with sowing by 2.0–4.7 times, to improve their quality by optimizing the botanical composition of the herbage. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers in doses of N60P60K90 and N60P90K120 in variants with natural and cultural phytocenoses provided an increase in the proportion of valuable legumes and cereals, reducing the proportion of various grasses from 53 to 25–34%.
Content of Toxic Elements after Introduction of Phosphogypsum and Litter into Slightly Eroded Agrochernozem
Authors: Gabbasova I. M. , Garipov T. T. , Komissarov M. A. , Melentyeva O. A.
Published: April 2024

When using by-products and wastes of industrial and agricultural production (phosphogypsum (PG) and turkey litter (TL)) as a fertilizer, it is necessary to take into account not only the content of nutrients, but also environmental safety, including the presence of toxic elements. A small-plot field experiment was conducted on slightly eroded agrochernozem in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Cis-Urals. PG was applied once at doses of 5, 10, and 20 t/ha; TL – in doses of 40 and 60 t/ha; organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) – 40 and 60 t/ha at ratios of PG and TL 1 : 10, 1 : 5 and 1 : 2. After applying of PG, TL, or OMF into the soil, the content of As, Cd, Hg, Se, Mo, Sb, W, and V remained at the trace level. The content of Zn, Ni, Cu, Ba, and Mn remained practically unchanged compared to the control variant, but was significantly higher than in the initial PG. The content of Pb and Sr increased mainly with the addition of high doses of PG, while those of Co and Cr increased with high doses of TL. In general, the content of elements of three toxicity classes did not exceed the MPC, the total effect of pollution was assessed as permissible.