bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing gender gaps in agricultural productivity in Africa: comparative case studies from Tanzania, Malawi and Uganda+
Authors: Torkelsson Asa , Onditi Francis
Published: May 2021

This article examines why, in most African countries, women farmers achieve lower productivity in agriculture than men. It contributes to this debate by interrogating whether or not addressing gender gaps in agricultural production significantly contributes to socio-economic well-being (resilience) of women as well as the gross domestic product (GDP). The Living Standards Measurement Studies-Integrated Survey for Agriculture projects was adopted to produce estimates for three countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda). The article draws from a research report and collaborative study by UN Women with UNEP and World Bank. The result shows that although female farmers individually manage slightly more than 25 per cent of all plots in Malawi and Uganda and about 20 per cent of all plots in Tanzania, Malawi shows the largest difference in mean productivity where women’s plots are, on average, 28 per cent less productive than men’s while Tanzania and Uganda reported 16 per cent and 13 per cent gender gaps, respectively. This result implies that the importance of other productive resources other than access to land may be key – for instance, the need to tackle constraints related to women’s access to “household male labour” and policies that help women farmers to access labour-saving technologies.Keywords: Keywords: Land Access, Gender, Agricultural Productivity, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from albizia saman pod
Authors: Akpen G. D. , Aho M. I. , Baba N.
Published: May 2021

Activated carbon was prepared from the pods of Albizia saman for the purpose of converting the waste to wealth. The pods were thoroughly washed with water to remove any dirt, air- dried and cut into sizes of 2-4 cm. The prepared pods were then carbonised in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 4000C, 5000C, 6000C ,7000C and 8000C for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively. Activation was done using impregnationratios of 1:12, 1:6, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 respectively of ZnCl2 to carbonised Albizia saman pods by weight. The activated carbon was then dried in an oven at 1050C before crushing for sieve analysis. The following properties of the produced Albizia saman pod activated carbon (ASPAC) were determined: bulk density, carbon yield, surface area and ash, volatile matter and moisture contents. The highest surface area of 1479.29 m2/g was obtained at the optimum impregnation ratio, carbonization time and temperature of 1:6, 60 minutes and 5000C respectively. It was recommended that activated carbon should be prepared from Albizia saman pod with high potential for adsorption of pollutants given the high surface area obtained.Keywords: Albizia saman pod, activated carbon, carbonization, temperature, surface area
Bacteriological pollution indicators in Ogun River flowing through Abeokuta Metropolis
Authors: Balogun S. A. , Ayangbenro A. S. , Ogunsanya G. L. , Azeez A. A. , Muonaka C. O. , Ihongbe M.
Published: May 2021

Water resources are significant part of integrated community development policy and good health. Hence, the need to reduce the impact of natural and anthropogenic pollution causes so as to enhance water quality. The bacteriological quality of the Ogun River was investigated to determine the sanitary conditions of the water body between March and August, 2014. Total heterotrophic bacteria counts (THBC), total coliform counts (TCC) and total Escherichia coli counts (TEC) using standard plate count and Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques were determined. The isolates were identified using 16SrRNA gene. Total heterotrophic bacteria counts varied between 1.13 × 106 and 4.1 × 107 CFU/ml, TCC ranged between 2.5 × 105 and 2.33× 107 CFU/ml and TEC was between 5 × 104 and 1.3 × 106 CFU/ml. Most Probable Number of coliforms in all samples varied between 120 and 1600 MPN/100 ml. Isolated microorganisms include Escherichia coli strain SUS9EC, Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain SSI7, Escherichia coli strain BW25113, Escherichia coli strain C-X1B, and Klebsiella oxytoca strain KU-5. One-wayanalysis of variance showed significant difference within the samples at (P<0.05).The results revealed high bacteria counts which is higher than the recommended value of 1.2 × 102 for THBC, a zero E. coli count and not more than 10 coliforms per 100 ml by World Health Organization standards for drinking water.Keywords: Water, bacteria, Escherichia coli, pollution
Deterrent libraries: Denying persons with disability
Authors: Tudzi E. P. , Bugri J. T. , Danso A. K.
Published: May 2021

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which aims at the eradication of poverty by 2030 has as its fourth goal the need to ensure inclusive and equitable education for all. Nonetheless, less than two per cent of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Ghana are able to attain higher education. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether libraries, which are major components of Higher Education Institutions, are physically accessible to even the limited number of PWDs in such Institutions. This study was undertaken in 2015 using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (KNUST) in Ghana as a case study. A mixed method approach was used that involved a desk study, interviews and a physical audit of the KNUST Library System using a checklist developed from international  accessibility standards. In all, 16 libraries were assessed. The study concluded that the libraries at KNUST were generally not physically accessible and this served as a deterrent to PWDs in their academic pursuits. Recommendations which include the need for retrofitting the libraries were made to help make the libraries accessible and in consequence help toward the attainment of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with respect to Ghana.Keywords: Accessibility; Higher Education Institutions; Libraries; Persons with disabilities (PWDs); Universal design principles
Design, fabrication and evaluation of fish meal pelletizing machine
Authors: Olusegun H. D. , Adekunle A. S. , Ohijeagbon I. O. , Akande K. A. , Mohammad B. G.
Published: May 2021

A 113.1kg/h fish meal pellet processing machine which produced 4mm diameter pellet, with an average length of 6mm was designed and fabricated. Design values of 210 was used for the maximum angle that the hopper wall formed with the vertical in the discharge zone, a critical stress of 1.3kPa of the ground particulate materials, and a density of 2.4521kg/m3 of the particulate materials, were used to obtain a hopper smallest outlet diameter of 12.7cm with a capacity of 24,118cm3 which proved efficient for the pelletizing machine. Two 3-cm diameter shafts carried the speed reduction gears with the perforated disc attached to the roller cutters on one end, while at the other end a 5hp motor was connected to the speed reduction gear by pulleys with diameters of 6cm and 12cm respectively. The speed reduction was 1:5 over a motor speed of 2000rpm. The fish meal pelletizing machine utilized 4kg of ingredients to produce 3.77kg pellets at an efficiency of 94.2%. The percentage loss due to unprocessed ground particulate materials was 5.8%.The moisture content of the fish meal pellets after 7days of drying in open air was 26.5% (wet basis). When tested for floatation, the pellets stayed afloat for 9 days, while the un-dried pellets only remained afloat for 2days. A combination of the weight of the twin roller cutters and the addition of some starch to the ground particulate materials assisted the compacting and gelatinization of pellet formed. This machine will be useful to medium and small scale aquaculture farmers and also reduce the need for foreign sources of fish meal in the aquaculture industry, thus conserving foreign exchange.Keywords: Ground particulate materials; mixing; compacting; gelatinizing; pelletizing
Масмедіа Угорщини про проблеми в українсько – угорських відносинах, пов’язані із законом про освіту
Authors: Tkach Dmytro
Published: May 2021

У статті проаналізовано проблеми, що виникли в українсько-угорських відносинах після прийняття Верховною Радою України законів про освіту у 2017 та 2019 роках. Зазначається, що захист прав угорських національних меншин, що проживають за кордоном, відповідає національним інтересам країни і протягом тридцяти років не змінювався. Серед комплексу проблем, пов’язаних із захистом прав угорців за кордоном, Будапешт приділяє велику увагу освіті рідною мовою. Верховна Рада України на порушення міжнародних зобов'язань держави та Закону України про міжнародні договори України прийняла Закон "Про освіту" 5 вересня 2017 року. Стаття 7 цього документа обмежує право угорської меншини на освіту за їхніми правами. рідна мова, починаючи з 5 класу. Саме це положення закону викликало жорстоку критику з боку офіційного Будапешта. Урядові урядовці та політики оцінили запровадження українського уряду як спробу асиміляції угорської національної меншини. У свою чергу міністр закордонних справ і торгівлі Угорщини П. Сіярто заявив, що його країна заблокує всі кроки на шляху європейської інтеграції України та прагнень Києва до членства в НАТО. Відразу після прийняття закону угорські ЗМІ розпочали потужну кампанію критики статті 7 Закону "Про освіту". Лише за місяць було опубліковано 136 статей на цю тему. Далі робиться спроба проаналізувати висвітлення угорських ЗМІ про проблему загострення двосторонніх відносин між Україною та Угорщиною. Підкреслюється, що 29 червня 2020 року заступник міністра закордонних справ В. Боднар заявив, що на кінець липня запланована зустріч Президента України В. Зеленського та Прем'єр-міністра Угорщини В. Орбана. Очікується, що під час зустрічі будуть обговорені питання українсько-угорських відносин щодо законодавства про освіту. Від цих переговорів залежатимуть подальші відносини між двома країнами. Чи повернуться вони на шлях добросусідства та взаємоповаги, чи знову підуть шляхом конфронтації?
Satisfaction of parents (legal representatives) with the quality of medical care provided to their disabled children
Authors: Fisenko Andrey P. , Terletskaya Rimma N. , Vinyarskaya Irina V. , Antonova Elena V. , Chernikov Vladislav V. , Alexeeva Ekkaterina I. , Basargina Elena N. , Kazakova Klavdiya A. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Surkov Andrey N. , Tsygin Aleksey N. , Chomahidze Aleksandra M. , Opryatin Leonid A.
Published: May 2021

The aim is to identify parents’ (legal representatives’) satisfaction with the quality of medical care provided to their disabled children to improve this type of service further. Materials and methods. A sociological survey was conducted of 506 legal representatives of minors (aged from birth to 17 years) with the status of a disabled child. The study design is single-center, non-randomized, uncontrolled. Results. An analysis of the living conditions of a disabled child in the family, the parents’ assessment of his health status, the problems arising in the registration of disability, in the provision of medical and rehabilitation assistance, and issues of medical and social support made it possible to determine the position of this part of the child population in current legal and medical and social conditions. The main problems were the collection of a large number of documents when registering a disability, a long wait for the day of examination, the remoteness of the medical and social examination bureau, the lack of specialist doctors, problems with obtaining subsidized drugs, the lack of consideration of the individual needs of the child when conducting unique rehabilitation programs, the need to apply at the same time to various organizations and departments, violation of rights in the provision of medical services to a disabled child. Conclusion. The obtained information is very significant for further improving the provision of medical and social assistance to disabled children and children with disabilities. The main task today is to develop mechanisms for implementing the declared rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities, the obligations assumed by the State concerning them.
Dystonia in children
Authors: Lyalina A. A. , Pak L. A. , Fisenko A. P. , Kondakova O. B. , Smirnov I. E.
Published: May 2021

Dystonia is a motor disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions producing twisting, repetitive, and patterned movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia is among the most commonly observed motor disorders in clinical practice in children. Unlike dystonia in adults that typically remains focal or spreads only to nearby muscle groups, childhood dystonia often generalizes. Classification of dystonia has direct implications for narrowing down the differential diagnosis, choosing the diagnostic work-up, predicting the prognosis, and choosing treatment options. The etiology of pediatric dystonia is quite heterogeneous. The etiological classification distinguishes primary dystonia with no identifiable exogenous cause or evidence of neurodegeneration and secondary syndromes. Dystonia can be secondary to any pathological process that affects the basal ganglia. The treatment options of childhood dystonia include several oral pharmaceutical agents, botulinum toxin injections, and deep brain stimulation therapy. Botulinum toxin treatment is the first choice treatment for most types of focal dystonia. In children it is less used because dystonic forms are mainly generalized, but it might also be helpful in controlling the most disabling symptoms of segmental or generalized dystonia. Long-term electrical stimulation of the globus pallidum internum is now established as an effective treatment for various types of movement disorders including dystonia. However, this method has not yet found its application in Russia due to the difficulty of implementation and the lack of patient routing. To increase the effectiveness of complex therapy of dystonia in children, new pathogenetic methods of treatment of common forms of primary dystonia and dystonic syndromes in the structure of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are needed, as well as the development of optimal algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Сhronic kidney disease in children: principles of ambulatory management
Authors: Vyalkova Albina A. , Chesnokova Svetlana A. , Ustinova Oksana O. , Gaikova Larisa A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The term «chronic kidney disease» (CKD) is used to define the outcomes of various forms of chronic progressive kidney disease, characterized by kidney damage, or a decrease in their function for three months or more, regardless of the nosological diagnosis. The aim of the work was to determine the frequency, structure, and clinical and paraclinical features of CKD in children to substantiate the principles of its management in primary health care. Results. In CKD patients, tubulointerstitial renal lesions were established to prevail (80%). Associated with congenital malformations of the urinary system, reflux uropathy, and urolithiasis in 98% of cases tubulointerstitial renal lesions are complicated by renal infection. In 8.9% of children, CKD was formed as an outcome of glomerulopathies; in 6.7% of children - with congenital and hereditary nephropathies; in 4.4% of children an outcome of a hemolytic uremic syndrome. The observed children dominated by I-II (74.3%), less often III and IV (25.7%) stages of CKD. The revealed clinical and paraclinical features of CKD in children are presented. The modern principles of early diagnosis of CKD in children and the identification of risk factors for the progression of nephropathy have been substantiated. For the diagnosis of CKD in childhood there has been created a. n algorithm, including at the outpatient stage. Authors suggested a set of measures for the prevention of nephropathy. Conclusion. For early diagnosis of CKD in childhood there was developed an algorithm based on the analysis of a complex of clinical and paraclinical, structural and functional parameters of the kidneys in combination with the parameters of endothelial function and cytokine status.
Cholestasis syndrome in a newborn child with congenital hypopituitarism
Authors: Kharitonova Nataliya A. , Basargina Milana A. , Evloeva Khadizhat S.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is comprehensive examination of a newborn with cholestasis syndrome to determine congenital hypopituitarism. Materials and methods. The child was hospitalized on the 30th day of his life. At admission, complaints were noted about the ictericity of the skin, low body weight gain, convulsive syndrome (history). Differential diagnosis was carried out between diseases such as: impaired liver function, against the background of the course of the infectious-inflammatory process; diseases of the liver and bile ducts of hereditary nature; congenital malformations of the bile tract; metabolic and hormonal disorders. Results. During the survey, the following deviations from the norm were obtained: in the biochemical analysis there was an increase in the level of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, hypoglycemia. When evaluating the hormonal profile, an increase in the level of prolactin, thyroid hormone, a decrease in the level of T4 free, insulin, and a complete absence of cortisol were revealed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain - a picture of subependymal nodes of gray matter heterotopia, ectopia of the neurophysis. Conclusions. Lowering glucose levels, especially when combined with cholestasis syndrome, may be an early but nonspecific sign of congenital hypopituitarism. Hypoglycemia in newborns occurs as a result of intrauterine insufficiency of somatotropic hormone and cortisol related to contrinsular hormones. Cortisol deficiency also contributes to the development of cholestasis syndrome by reducing the expression of tubule transport proteins that regulate bile secretion into bile tubules. In addition to studying the hormonal profile, a brain MRI is performed to verify the diagnosis. Patients with congenital hypopituitarism are characterized by the detection of characteristic signs: the picture of the “empty” or “partially empty” Turkish saddle, as well as the classic triad of symptoms: hypoplasia/pituitary leg aplasia, neurophysis ectopia, adenohypophysis hypoplasia. This clinical case demonstrates that cholestasis syndrome may lie in the debut of a more severe pathology. At the same time, early diagnosis and adequately selected hormone replacement therapy leads to a rapid cessation of life-threatening conditions and an improvement in the quality of life of the child.
The application of domestic specialized mixtures for enteral nutrition in children with bronchopulmonary
pathology
Authors: Bushueva Tatyana V. , Borovik Tatyana E. , Roslavtseva Elena A. , Shen Natalya P. , Tsiryatyeva Svetlana B. , Simonova Olga I. , Burkina Nina I. , Lyabina Nadezhda V. , Sokolov Ina V. , Chernyavskaya Anastasiya S.
Published: May 2021

Adequately organized nutritional support allows avoiding the development of protein-energy malnutrition in patients with bronchopulmonary diseases and cystic fibrosis (CF). The satisfying of increased protein and energy needs of CF patients can only be implemented under the administration. The aim of the study is to analyze the tolerance and effectiveness of the use of domestic sterilized liquid specialized high-protein high-calorie mixtures «Nutrien Pulmo» and «Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers» in children over three years of age with acute (pneumonia) and chronic (cystic fibrosis) forms of bronchopulmonary pathology. Patients and methods. Fifty-five children, including 41 patient suffered from CF, 14 cases with pneumonia, aged from 3 to 18years, were under observation. Of these, 23 (42%) children received Nutrien Pulmo, 32 (58%) children received Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO-Anthro programs (for children from 3 to 5 years old) and WHO-Anthro Plus (for patients over five years) and clinical and biochemical blood test indices. The observation period was accounted for three weeks. Results. All patients highly appreciated the taste of the products, there were no refusals to take specialized mixtures, neither adverse events during the observation period. While taking specialized mixtures, there was a positive trend in anthropometric indices and a significant improvement in biochemical markers of nutritional status: an increase in prealbumin, total protein, transferrin level. Conclusion. The use of specialized domestic products «Nutrien Pulmo» and «Nutrien Energiya with Dietary Fibers» in the diet therapy of children with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary pathology has the safe and positive effect on the nutritional status of patients.
Factors impacting on the morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kazakova Klavdiia A. , Akoeva Darya Yu. , Fisenko Andrey P. , Davydova Irina V. , Kustova Olga V.
Published: May 2021

The severity of the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the population changes due to the increase in the number of children born with very low and extremely low body weight, the introduction into the practice of new standards of respiratory support for premature infants, drug prevention and treatment of this pathology. The aim of the work is to determine the influence of BPD form, gestational age, birth weight, concomitant diseases on the severity of its course in children. Materials and methods. In 72 BPD children aged from 1 month to 3 years, the severity of the course of the disease was determined according to the computed tomography of the chest organs, using an assessment of the severity in points on a special scale as follows: 0-5 points for mild BPD, 6-10 points - moderate, 11-15 points - severe. Results. In children born after 2012, a moderate course of BPD prevails (8.1 ± 0.32 points), being typical for both the classical (55.1%) and new (69.7%) forms of the disease. The classical form is more severe than the new one (9.0 ± 0.1 and 7.53 ± 0.38 points; p = 0.009). BPD was more severe in children with gestational age less than 28 weeks than in children with gestational age of 29-32 weeks (9.0 ± 0.4 and 7.4 ± 0.6 points; p = 0.000). BPD was more severe in children with birth weight less than 1000 g than in children with birth weight 1000-1500 g (8.79 ± 0.49 and 7.18 ± 0.61 points; p = 0.000). When BPD was combined with patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary hypertension, the disease progressed more severely than in the absence of these forms of pathology (9.6 ± 0.8, 10.0 ± 0.7 and 7.22 ± 0.34 points; p = 0.031). The severity of changes detected by computed tomography of the chest organs decreases by the age of 3 years, but recovery was not complete in any of the examined patients: 8.6 ± 1.0 points at the age of 6 months and 6.2 ± 0.44 points by 3 years (p = 0.009). Conclusion. In children aged 1 month to 3 years, the severity of BPD is influenced by the form of the disease, gestational age, birth weight, concomitant patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary hypertension, and the age at which the examination is performed.
The level of intestinal protein binding fatty acids in children with autism spectrum disorders, depending on the style of nutrition
Authors: Bavykina Irina A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Autism spectrum disorders are a widespread pathology, but the etiological factors of their occurrence have not yet been established. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of I-FABP in children with autism spectrum disorders, depending on the adherence to a gluten-free diet. Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients with autism committed to a gluten-free diet for more than six months and 49 patients with autism spectrum disorders who did not have dietary restrictions. There are no statistically significant age differences between the groups. The patients were evaluated and compared with the level of intestinal protein binding fatty acids. Results. Children using diet therapy were found to have significantly lower intestinal permeability. In particular, the average level of I-FABP in children with autism spectrum disorders followed a gluten-free diet is 156.20 ± 102.16 pg/ml, with non-compliance with diet therapy. The average value of the index is diagnosed at the level of 528.26 ± 255.95 pg/ml because the protein binding fatty acids are a marker of small intestine permeability. Children with autism spectrum disorders without adherence to a gluten-free diet show intestinal permeability higher than that of their peers with autism, who long exclude gluten from the diet. Conclusions. Further research is needed to assess the significance of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in the etiology and clinical presentation of various diseases, particularly in autism spectrum disorders. Before using diet therapy, all patients with autism need to consult a gastroenterologist to objectively assess the need for its compliance and dynamic monitoring of its effectiveness in case of use.
Matrix metalloproteinases in children with uncomplicated compression fractures of the spine
Authors: Smirnov Ivan E. , Karaseva Olga V. , Fisenko Andrey P. , Kucherenko Alla G. , Mitish Valery A. , Porokhina Ekaterina A. , Sarukhanyan Oganes O.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to determine changes in the content of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitor in children with uncomplicated compression fractures of the spine (UCFS). Materials and methods. Eighty-five children, including 69 patients with UCFS (average age 12.3 ± 2.6 years), were comprehensively examined. The reference group consisted of 16 children (average age 11.8 ± 2.7 years) without spinal pathology. During the diagnostic period for 1-3 days, changes in the MMP content and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in blood serum were determined by the enzyme immunoassay method in all children after trauma. Results. It was found that in the acute period after spinal injury, the blood levels of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), stromelysin (MMP-3), and collagenases (MMP-8) significantly increased compared to their levels in children of the reference group. At the same time, the levels of TIMP-1 and the ratio of MMP/TIMP-1 concentrations in the blood of patients with UCFS significantly decreased compared to the control, which indicates the predominance of the proteolytic effect of MMP. Analysis of changes in the content of MMP in the blood in UCFS boys and girls did not reveal significant differences in the levels of the studied MMP and TIMP-1, except for a significant increase in the concentrations of stromelysin (MMP-3) in the blood serum of boys compared with its level in girls and the control. With different severity of the course of UCFS in children, a significant increase in MMP concentrations associated with an increase in the severity of the injury was revealed, and a substantial decrease in the content of TIMP-1 in the blood of patients compared to its levels in children with 1-2 degrees of severity and control. Conclusion. The established patterns indicate that the determination of the content of MMR and TIMP-1 in the blood in UCFS children allows monitoring the course of the reparative process after injury to the vertebral bodies in children.
THE APPLICATION OF PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES AS SUSTAINABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE IN A MODEL CONFERENCE CENTRES (A CASE STUDY OF AMINU KANO CENTRE FOR DEMOCRATIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING (AKCDR&T))
Authors: Sharif Alfa , Mukarram Muhammad , Rabi’u Isyaku , Inusa Rabi’u
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This research sought to reduce uncomfortable conditions created by extremes of heat and dryness in order to achieve well balanced indoor and outdoor climate, through the application of passive design strategies in Conference Centre located in hot dry climate of Kano Nigeria. Passive design utilizes natural sources of heating and cooling breezes. It is achieved by appropriately orientating the building on its site and carefully designing the building envelope (roof, walls, windows and floor). External features such as fountain, soft landscaping and proper site planning improves micro climate which in turn helped in achieving good passive design. The methodology employed is case study and relevant information sourced from pertinent literature and the internet was taken into consideration. Research has shown that more than40% of energy consumption in any building is used for cooling and lighting in order to achieve comfort level. In the course of the research, the building was studied to evaluate the use of passive elements that relates to passive lighting and cooling which are the main source of energy consumption such as building envelop, natural lighting, natural ventilation, Site and external spaces, building form, building orientation, wall/window shading and existing of energy source on conference centre building. Research has shown that, the design parameters obtained from field survey are the principal factors responsible for any good passive design of most public building such as conference centre building.
Técnicas de enseñanza para la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, en educación superior del departamento de Sololá
Authors: Ayala Laura
Published: May 2021

La investigación trata sobre las técnicas de enseñanza para la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, aplicadas en las Universidades con presencia en el departamento de Sololá, considerando que la educación superior es fundamental para lograr alcanzar el desarrollo humano, muchas veces esta no es accesible para las personas con discapacidad, como docentes debemos ser conscientes que dentro del aula hay distintas clases de estudiantes y que cada uno de ellos representa una individualidad, la que debe ser tomada en cuenta a la hora de enseñar, adecuando las técnicas para eliminar las barreras del aprendizaje con los estudiantes que presenten necesidades educativas especiales, haciéndoles partícipes activos en su proceso de formación que es el objetivo de la educación inclusiva. 

El Objetivo es establecer las técnicas de enseñanza que favorecen la inclusión de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales por presentar discapacidad en educación superior, del departamento de Sololá.  El tipo de  investigación es mixta, ya que tiene de carácter exploratorio y explicativo, para comprender cuáles técnicas de enseñanza responden al modelo de inclusión educativa en el ámbito educativo superior, para los estudiantes universitarios con necesidades educativas especiales por presentarse  discapacidad, para ello se tomó una muestra intencional consistente en diez estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad, de las cinco universidades que funcionan en el departamento de Sololá, de los cuales tres estudiantes presentan discapacidad auditiva, uno discapacidad visual y seis discapacidad física, a  los cuarenta y cinco docentes y a dos representantes de instituciones con personas con discapacidad, utilizando como instrumentos encuestas con los docentes y estudiantes.
Xác định giá trị của bể lớn hố sau trên siêu âm thai từ 11 tuần- 13 tuần 06 ngày
Authors: Nguyễn Hải Long , Trần Danh Cường , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương
Published: May 2021

Bể lớn hố sau là cấu trúc nằm trong hố sau ở não thai nhi xuất hiện từ rất sớm nhưng có thể khảo sát trên siêu âm từ 11-13 tuần 06 ngày, mất bể lớn hố sau trên siêu âm có thể là dấu hiệu gợi ý của bệnh cảnh thoát vị não- màng não. 

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định giá trị của bể lớn hố sau trên siêu âm từ 11- 13 tuần 06 ngày.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: cắt ngang mô tả trên 380 thai phụ mang đơn thai có tuổi thai từ 11 tuần đến 13 tuần 06 ngày. Loại trừ những trường hợp bất thường sớm hình thái thai nhi. Đo các chỉ số chiều dài đầu mông (CRL), đường kính lưỡng đỉnh (BPD), chu vi đầu (HC), Bể lớn hố sau (CM). Mỗi chỉ số được đo hai lần lấy giá trị trung bình. Xây dựng phương trình tương quan tuyến tính của CM với CRL, BPD, HC. Tính các giá trị 5th, 95th của CM theo CRL. 

Kết quả: Giá trị trung bình của CM là 2,64 ± 0,673. Kích thước của bể lớn hố sau không liên quan tuyến tính với chiều dài đầu mông, đường kính lưỡng đỉnh và chu vi đầu thai nhi. Trong khoảng CRL từ 45-54mm giá trị 5th và 95th percentil của CM là 2,0mm và 3,0mm.  CRL từ 55-64mm giá trị 5th và 95th percentil của CM là 2,0mm và 4,0mm. CRL từ 65-74mm giá trị 5th và 95th percentil của CM là 2,0mm và 4,0mm. CRL từ 75-84mm giá trị 5th và 95th percentil của CM là 2,0mm và 6,0mm. 

Kết luận: Đánh giá cấu trúc hố sau trên đường cắt đứng dọc giữa thai nhi ở tuổi thai 11-13 tuần 06 ngày và đo kích thước bể lớn hố sau để chẩn đoán sớm các bất thường hệ thần kinh trung ương.
Hiệu quả kỹ thuật “khâu thắt miệng túi” trong phẫu thuật nội soi thai làm tổ đoạn kẽ
Authors: Đặng Văn Tân , Lê Sĩ Phúc An , Nguyễn Tuyết Trinh , Trần Minh Thắng , Châu Khắc Tú , Lê Sĩ Phương
Published: May 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả kỹ thuật hỗ trợ “khâu thắt miệng túi” trong phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị thai làm tổ ở đoạn kẽ.

Phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu loạt ca trên các bệnh nhân thai làm tổ đoạn kẽ và được điều trị phẫu thuật nội soi bằng kỹ thuật hỗ trợ “khâu thắt miệng túi” trước khi xẻ hoặc cắt góc tử cung tại khoa Phụ Sản Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế từ tháng 1/2019 đến 8/2020.

Kết quả: tổng cộng có 14 bệnh nhân được thu nhận. Độ tuổi trung bình là 31,1 4,5  tuổi (từ 27 - 43 tuổi). Tuổi thai trung bình theo kinh cuối cùng 7,5 1,8 tuần (từ 5 - 12 tuần), 7 trường hợp (50%) không có triệu chứng lâm sàng, nồng độ βhCG trung bình trước mổ là 39.335,9 mIU/ml. Kích thước khối thai trung bình trong mổ là 36,1 9,0 mm (từ 20 - 50mm), 13/14 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nội soi thành công, 1 trường hợp phải chuyển qua mổ hở vì kích thước khối thai tương đối lớn (50mm) và khối thai bị đụng vỡ trong phẫu thuật làm chảy máu khó kiểm soát. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình 60,7 12,7 phút (từ 50 - 90 phút), lượng máu mất trung bình trong mổ 66,1 19,4 ml. Không ghi nhận biến chứng đáng kể nào trong và sau mổ. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình sau mổ là 4,1 ± 0,9 ngày. Và tất cả các trường hợp đều có nồng độ βhCG giảm tốt sau mổ với nồng độ βhCG trung bình 48 giờ sau mổ là 5.086,4 mIU/ml.

Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi điều trị thai làm tổ ở đoạn kẽ vòi tử cung bằng kỹ thuật “khâu thắt miệng túi” là một can thiệp xâm lấn tối thiểu, an toàn và đặc biệt hiệu quả trong kiểm soát chảy máu trong mổ nếu được thực hiện bởi các bác sĩ phẫu thuật giàu kinh nghiệm.
Food Security in Northern Ireland, Food and You 2: Wave 1
Authors: Armstrong Beth
Published: May 2021

Food and You 2 is a biannual survey which measures self-reported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The survey is primarily carried out online using a methodology known as ‘push-to-web’. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 1 was conducted between 29 July and 6 October 2020. A total of 9,319 adults from 6,408 households across England, Northern Ireland, and Wales completed the survey.
Ozone Preconditioning: Waking up the dragon
Authors:   MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sisters of St. Mary’s Health System, St. Louis, Missouri, A. Thorp James , Thorp K. E. ,   MD, Department of Radiology, Sparrow Health System, 1215 E. Michigan Avenue, Lansing, MI 48909
Published: May 2021

It is said that no discovery is complete until its implications have been fully realized. The identification of a previously unrecognized phenomenon says little of its potential effects. What appears as a stroke of good luck can culminate in disaster; misfortune may harbor unimagined potential. Discovery is a double-edged sword that manifests only over time. Nowhere is this aphorism more applicable than in contemporary medical science.
Yetişkin Boğa ve Koçların Testis ve Epididimal Kanal Ünitesindeki Vimentinin İmmünohistokimyasal Dağılımı
Authors: ÇELENK Fatma
Published: May 2021

Çalışma hücre iskeletinin yapısına giren vimentin proteininin boğa ve koç testis, epididimis, duktus deferens ve rete testis deki lokalizasyonlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla planlandı. Araştırmada, 8 adet sağlıklı, yetişkin boğa ve koç tan alınan doku örnekleri kullanıldı. İmmunohistokimyasal boyamalar için Strept-ABC boyama metodu uygulandı. Bu çalışmada, boğalarda ve koçlarda incelenen alanlarda vimentin immunoreaktivitelerinin dağılımı’nın farklı olmadığı görüldü. Vimentin immunoreaktivitesi, seminifer tubüllerdeki Sertoli hücrelerinin perinüklear sitoplazmalarında, intertubüler alanlarda Leydig hücrelerinde ve rete testis epitelleri ile kan damarı endotellerinde belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, Sertoli ve Leyding hücreleri ile rete testis epitel hücrelerinin vimentin intermediyer filamanlarını içermesi, boğa ve koç testislerinde bu yapıların mezenşimal kökenli olduğunun belirtisidir. Ayrıca vimentin filamentlerinin leyding hücrelerinde pozitif boyanması mikrotubüllerin hücresel salgı ürünlerinin taşınmasında aktif bir rol oynadığının göstergesidir. Böylelikle vimentin filamentlerinin erkek genital sistemde hücre iskeletine desteklik sağlama, spermatogenezisin olgunlaşması ve korunması gibi önemli rolleri üstlendiği gösterilmiştir.
Used in Technological Training Forms and Techniques of Teaching
Authors:   Doctor of science, Associate professor, Termez State University Termez, UZBEKISTAN, M.Kh. Shomirzayev
Published: May 2021

The article describes the essence of the formation of creative abilities of students using the forms and methods of teaching practical lessons in school technology education.
CONTROLE ESTATÍSTICO DO PROCES SO DE COLHEITA SEMIMECANIZADA DE CAFÉ CONILON
Authors: Littig Matheus Nimer , Da Vitória Edney Leandro
Published: May 2021

Comparativamente a outras culturas, a colheita do café conilon é mais difícil de ser executada, em razão do formato da planta, desuniformidade de maturação e do elevado teor de água dos frutos, o que prejudica a mecanização das operações. Dessa forma, o processo de colheita é a etapa final de um processo produtivo, e as perdas devem ser mantidas dentro de padrões aceitáveis. O objetivo do trabalho foi de avaliar quali-quantitativamente o tempo de colheita semimecanizada de café conilon utilizando o controle estatístico do processo (CEP). O estudo ocorreu no município de Pinheiros-ES, onde foram amostrados 30 pontos de recolhimento de um mesmo talhão, selecionados sequencialmente ao início da colheita. Em cada ponto foi avaliada as variáveis tempo de posicionamento da lona, tempo de derriça sobre a lona, tempo de recolhimento da lona, tempo de posicionamento do conjunto trator-recolhedora, tempo total e tempo de manutenção. Ambos os parâmetros analisados apresentaram fora do controle estatístico de processo. Tendo que o tempo de posicionamento da lona apresenta características ou variáveis que influenciam no tempo de distribuição da lona e que o tempo total da colheita semimecanizada não atende aos requisitos do controle estatístico de processo.
THE PRAGMATIC DIMENSION OF METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN THE SPANISH POETRY OF THE 27TH GENERATION
Authors: Ait HADDA Thinhinane , Fellag ARIOUAT Meriem
Published: May 2021

Literary translation is one of the most difficult and complex types of translations, especially when it comes to translating poetry and the graphic images it carries, as these images are an expressive tool, as we find that the metaphor tops the verses of the Spanish 27-generation poets, the generation that emerged after the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the death of the poet Louis De Gongra, because of the conditions in which they lived and the censorship they were subjected to during the period of General Franco's regime, the metaphor was a means of expressing the lived reality, which links the tangible with the abstract, and calls the reader to the realization of thought as a result of implicit sayings difficult to understand. If the original text is difficult to understand, how The transfer to the other language, in which the matter will become more complicated to decode the content of each borrowing and reformulate it in the language transferred to it, and thus the translation of the metaphor is among the most important issues that occupy translation in its theoretical and practical parts. Through this intervention, we touched upon the study of the pragmatic dimension of translating a metaphor in the poetry of the 27th generation, focusing in that on studying the competencies of the translator when transmitting it, and we raised the following problem: What are the linguistic and translation tools that help to investigate the pragmatic dimension in decoding the content of the metaphor in the original text And to achieve the goal of the writer? Our aim of this research is to finally highlight these tools that help the translator in his work and convey this type of images with the same meaning and effect.
DIGITAL DIVIDE AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS ON THE MASTER'S DEGREE STUDENTS IN NIZWA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Khamis Mahmood AL-ZADJALI Ahmed
Published: May 2021

This study aims to identify the educational implications of the digital divide among Master Degree students at Nizwa University, identify Access Reality and access to educational resources in the presence of digital divide , identify educational competency assimilation reality (organizing and extracting educational resources).It also aims to identify to what extent the Master Degree students are able to create and produce educational needs in the presence of digital divide. This study is based on the Descriptive Analytical Approach that is compatible with the study and its objectives in identifying the digital divide among Master Degree students at Nizwa University and its educational implications by reviewing the Literature Review in relation to the digital divide and the previous studies related to the subject of study. As for the descriptive approach in this study, it was based on preparing a questionnaire and analyzing it using the statistical analysis program (SPSS) The population of the study consisted of Master Degree students at Nizwa University, Sultanate of Oman. The estimated number was 606 male/ female students for the academic year 2018/2019, according to statistics from the University of Nizwa. A simple random sample of 230 male and female students who hold a Master's Degree from Nizwa University, Sultanate of Oman, was selected, and the number of questionnaires was 210. The study concluded that narrowing the digital divide can depend on the spread of means of communication and information technology.The ability to get information from digital libraries efficiently to improve educational research came to a high degree, the ability to benefit from the achievements of the digital era in accomplishing and completing educational research came to a high degree as well. The ability to possess objective thinking skills and being away from subjectivity and Research Bias when dealing with the educational opinions of others came to a high degree. On the other hand, the ability to produce educational knowledge that keeps pace with scientific and technological progress and meets the educational needs of the local community came to a moderate degree.
THE SEMANTIC AUTHENTICATION FROM ALBAIDHAWI STRUCTURAL SEMANTIC
Authors: Salman Obead AL-MAAITAH Mkhled
Published: May 2021

The resources of language differ in terms of their morphology and types; therefore, there are contradictory views about theresources in relation to the morphological from as well as the nature of structures and meaning, which results from the structural diversity for each resource, resulting in a functional and semantic variation. This is not accepted as a justification for the issue of verbal commonality,semantic or linguistic synonym or as a type of multiple dialects. Therefore, each team of grammarians or interpreters, regardless their linguistic visualizations, demonstrate this differencein structure according to their particular views, and that was reflected on the pronunciation and semantic counterparts in the linguistic structure. In this research, whichis taken from the PhD, we attempt to connect those different forms based on the obvious evidence and the lexical and linguistic indicators, in that fifteen morphological structures are addressed as a part of the study’. The research introduced the sufficient examples for the semantic authentication from the Holy Quran, in which we illustrated the impact of morphological structures in determining the functional and linguistic meanings for the pronounced words as well as the impact of the interpretations provided by interpreters, such as Al-Baidhawi, in particular.
INTERNATİONAL PROTECTION; NUCLEAR RADIATION; ENVIRONMENT.
Authors: HOUCINE Hayet
Published: May 2021

Man has taken advantage of technological development positively in developing and facilitating his daily life. The environment has also benefited greatly from this development through various devices and discoveries in various fields such as renewable energies and nuclear energy, in which man has made remarkable progress and used it for peaceful purposes such as generating electrical energy or using X-rays in Medicine or for exploration purposes such as space invasion, satellite launching, or military purposes. On the other hand, man took advantage of this rapid development in other negative uses by harming himself and his environment.The competition for armaments led to the deterioration of the ecosystem through pollution caused by industrial sources deliberately through experiments and the manufacture of nuclear weapons, or by mistake such as accidents in nuclear installations due to lack of Take precautions. The effects of environmental pollution by nuclear radiation whether in peacetime or wartime, and its disastrous consequences on both humans and the environment in the short and long term prompted the international community to search for mechanisms to reduce the negative uses of nuclear energy, so it concluded agreements, held conferences and established bodies in order to spare the world another environmental disaster that future generationspay for. Through our intervention, we will try to research these mechanisms and their effectiveness in combating environmental crime resulting from pollution of the environment by nuclear rays, especially with the amazing and accelerating development in the field of nuclear energy, the race towards arms, and the dangers that this energy in particular poses compared to others. In order to address the issue, we decided to adopt a bilateral plan. In the first axis of the study, we deal with the most important dangers that nuclear radiation creates on the natural environment. In the second axis, we deal with the most important international mechanisms that exist to confront environmental crime committed due to the remnants of nuclear radiation. We examine the effectiveness of these mechanisms with a focus on the most important agreements concluded in this regard and even the conferences and establishmentsthat have been held and established by bodies with allocating a partof this study to the role of the ordinary and criminal international judiciary to combat environmental crimes caused by nuclear radiation. We end the intervention with a set of suggestions that we consider necessary to support the existing efforts to preserve the environment and protect it from these risks.