bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCER Development Based on Scenery, Fire and Storage Integration Project
Authors: Qiao Ning , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jisheng , Chen Haidong , Zhang Jing , Tian Hongjie
Published: November 2023

Since 2012, China has established a national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading mechanism, which realizes the filing of voluntary emission reduction projects such as carbon sinks and the issuance of certified voluntary emission reduction (CCER). Due to the challenges in the development, opera-tion, trading, and other stages of carbon sequestration projects, and the suspension of voluntary emission reduction-related applications by the competent authorities in 2017, the development of CCER carbon se-questration projects in China is relatively insufficient, and the number of registered projects accounts for only 2%. Therefore, this article, based on the CCER methodology development perspective of the Wind-Solar-Storage Integration Project, investigates and analyzes the structure of the project, the baseline methodology, and procedures for CCERs, economic evaluation, and additional challenges of the project, and verifies the feasibility of CCER development for the Wind-Solar-Storage Integration Project in the Ningxia region based on actual conditions. The article also proposes policy recommendations for the development of new energy carbon sequestration projects.
Analytical Research on the Exploitation of Flexible Resources and Power Grid Regulation Technologies Driven by Industrial Internet under Industrial Load
Authors: Ding Yucheng , Xie Guanglong , Han Xinyang , Fan Yongyu , Cai Yue
Published: November 2023

With the release and gradual implementation of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” policy, renewable energy is integrated into power grids on a large scale, and its uncertain and intermittent supply challenges the stability of the power system. The new power system integrated with renewable energy is faced with a new challenge in terms of frequency security, while the extreme climate in recent years has made it more difficult to achieve power balance in the power system. As an integral part of the load side, the flexible power regulation of industrial enterprises is now attracting attention. With focus on the exploitation of flexible power regulation resources under industrial load, this paper builds various industrial load models for industrial enterprises, promotes the deep integration of Industrial Internet and Energy Internet, conducts research on the exploitation of flexible resources and power grid regulation technologies driven by Industrial Internet under industrial load, and analyzes the direct and indirect benefits of the research. The research results are of great significance to the safe and stable operation of the power system, the consumption of new energy, and the green and low-carbon transformation of the industry.
Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Photovoltaic Charging Stations Participating in the Electricity Market based on Transactive Energy Mechanism
Authors: Wang Bao , Zhang Li , Song Zhumeng , Wu Fei
Published: November 2023

Regarding the optimization and management of energy in photovoltaic charging stations, existing research mostly focuses on the power grid, with little consideration given to its characteristics as a producer and consumer. This paper proposes an optimized scheduling strategy for photovoltaic charging stations that considers transactive energy mechanisms. Firstly, under the premise of ensuring the safe operation constraints of the distribution network, a distributed transaction model for photovoltaic charging stations was established. Secondly, the optimization model is solved using the Lagrangian decomposition principle and Subgradient method to obtain the scheduling plan of the photovoltaic charging station. The simulation results indicate that the scheduling strategy proposed in this article can promote the on-site consumption of renewable energy and improve the economy of photovoltaic charging stations.
Study of the high-frequency characteristics of grounding materials
Authors: Liu Zhuoran , Xu Chengwei , Wei Song , Lan Wei , Bi Wuxi , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2023

Long-term safe and stable grounding system is the fundamental guarantee to maintain the stable operation of equipment and ensure the safety of staff. This paper investigates the high-frequency characteristics of several common grounding materials. Due to the skin effect, the axial impedance modulus, resistance part and reactance part of the conductor are all increase as the frequency. The results could provide reference and guidance for designing long-term reliable and stable grounding systems.
The Effect of Antibiotics on Consortium Structure in Effluent and Sludge from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Li Xiangjin , Hu Jincheng , Wang Chongyang , Ge Wangyan
Published: November 2023

The distribution and diversity of antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) from the excess sludge and effluent of Kaifeng wastewater treatment plant was studied using a culture-dependent method. In comparison with other phylum, microbial community analysis confirmed Proteobacteria was more susceptible to possess the ability to tolerate antibiotic pressure. With the addition of antibiotics from single erythromycin to three antibiotics, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased to 92.98%, 94.35%, 95.74% in water sample and 84.33%, 90.99%, 90.84% in sludge samples. Acinetobacter in Proteobacteria has stronger antibiotic resistance. This research identified that in the process of sewage treatment, attention should be paid to the removal of species in Proteobacteria to avoid potential resistance gene contamination in the receiving environments.
Research on fault monitoring system for collector ring and carbon brush of generator rotor
Authors: Zhao Jianlong , Zhou Xi , Hou Wei
Published: November 2023

The operating status of the generator rotor's collector ring and carbon brush determines the safe and stable operation of the generator. It is critical to promptly detect and handle any abnormalities or faults in the collector ring and carbon brush to prevent accidents from expanding. At present, the status monitoring of the collector ring and carbon brush mainly relies on manual inspection, which has low efficiency and cannot discover faults in real-time. This article studies the establishment of a fault monitoring system for collector ring and carbon brush of the generator rotor. Through real-time collection and analysis of arc light, temperature, and electrical data, abnormalities and faults can be detected and alerted in a timely manner. This system can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring, and ensures the safe operation of the generator.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Devices Based on Microchannel heat pipe
Authors: Dong Qianfan , Li Zhiyong , Zhao Yuqing
Published: November 2023

In response to the problem of low recovery efficiency of sensible heat recovery devices, this paper designs a microchannel heat pipe heat recovery device (MHPHRD) and compares its heat transfer performance during summer use through experiments and simulation calculations. The experimental results show that the microchannel heat pipe (MHP) has strong temperature uniformity, and the temperatures of the evaporation and condensation sections are basically the same. When the inlet temperature of fresh air changes between 32°C and 40°C, the recovery efficiency of the device varies between 67%-80%, and the linear relationship between the two is obvious. The established calculation model has high accuracy, with a maximum error of 0.7% between measured and simulated values. Simulation calculations show that the cooling capacity recovery efficiency of the MHPHRD is 4%-16% higher than that of the cylindrical heat pipe heat recovery device (CHPHRD), and 24%-30% higher than that of the plate heat recovery device (PHRD). The research in this article can provide reference for the practical application of the device.
Primär pigmentiertes malignes Melanom in der Harnblase therapiert mit radikaler Urethrozystektomie und adjuvanter Therapie
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Bothmann Robin , Hamza Amir
Published: November 2023

Das primäre maligne Melanom (PMM) der Harnwege ist eine seltene Entität mit weniger als 50 berichteten Fällen weltweit. Im Nachfolgenden wird der Fall einer 64-jährigen Patientin dargestellt. Diese stellte sich akut über die Notaufnahme unseres Hauses mit einer Makrohämaturie vor. Im Rahmen der weiterführenden Diagnostik konnte ein primäres Melanom in der Harnblase und in der Urethra diagnostiziert werden. Es erfolgte die radikale Urethrozystektomie mit pelviner Lymphadenektomie beidseits mit Ileum-Conduit-Anlage. Anschließend leiteten wir eine adjuvante systemische Therapie mittels Checkpointinhibitoren für ein Jahr ein.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the SCA25-Related Gene Expanding the Etiology of Early-Onset and Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia in Childhood
Authors: Ferrera Giulia , Izzo Rossella , Ghezzi Daniele , Nanetti Lorenzo , Lamantea Eleonora , Ardissone Anna
Published: November 2023

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are heterogeneous autosomal dominant progressive ataxic disorders. SCA25 has been linked to PNPT1 pathogenic variants. Although pediatric onset is not unusual, to date only one patient with onset in the first years of life has been reported. This study presents an additional case, wherein symptoms emerged during the toddler phase, accompanied by the identification of a novel PNPT1 variant. The child was seen at 3 years because of frequent falls. Neurological examination revealed cerebellar signs and psychomotor delay. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy (CA), cerebellar cortex, and dentate nuclei hyperintensities. Metabolic and genetic testing was inconclusive. At follow-up (age 6), the child had clinically and radiologically worsened; electroneurography (ENG) revealed axonal sensory neuropathy. Screening of genes associated with ataxias and mitochondrial disease identified a novel, heterozygous variant in PNPT1, which was probably pathogenic. This variant was also detected in the proband's mother and maternal grandmother, both asymptomatic, which aligns with the previously documented incomplete penetrance of heterozygous PNPT1 variants. Our study confirms that SCA25 can have onset in early childhood and characterizes natural history in pediatric cases: progressive cerebellar ataxia with sensory neuropathy, which manifests during the course of the disease. We report for the first time cerebellar gray matter hyperintensities, suggesting that SCA25 should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar ataxias associated with such brain imaging features. In summary, SCA25 should be considered in the diagnostic workup of early onset pediatric progressive ataxias. Additionally, we confirm an incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity of PNPT1-associated SCA25.
Single-Stage Surgical Procedure for Patients with Primary Esophageal and Lung Cancers
Authors: Lianyong Jiang , Fengqing Hu , Xiao Xie , Xuefeng Zhang , Rui Bi
Published: November 2023

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of simultaneous surgery for patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers.

Methods Patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers who underwent simultaneous surgical procedures between January 2016 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The data of patients who underwent esophagectomy and lobectomy (group EL) were compared with those of patients who underwent esophagectomy and sublobar resection (group ES).

Results A total of 21 patients were included with an average age of 64.62 ± 5.24 years. Group EL contained 8 patients and group ES contained 13 patients. All procedures were completed uneventfully with a mean operative time of 251.19 ± 66.93 minutes. Pulmonary complications occurred in six (28.57%) patients. Other complications included anastomotic leakage in 1 patient, pleural effusion requiring drainage in 8 patients, atrial fibrillation in 2 patients, and incision infection in 1 patient. All patients were followed up for 30.23 ± 21.82 months. During the follow-up period, nine patients had a recurrence of cancer and died of tumor progression, and one patient died of a tracheothoracogastric fistula. Complications and mortality in group EL did not increase when compared to those in group ES.

Conclusion It is safe and feasible to perform a single-stage surgical procedure for patients with primary esophageal and lung cancers. Simultaneous esophagectomy and lobectomy did not increase postoperative complications or mortality compared with esophagectomy and sublobar resection.
Hydatid Cyst of the Cerebellopontine Cistern: Report of Two Cases with Literature Review
Authors: Belfquih Hatim , Akhaddar Ali
Published: November 2023

Posterior fossa localization of a hydatid cyst is uncommon; in these cases, the cyst usually locates in the cerebellum. Localization within the subarachnoid spaces or the cerebrospinal fluid ventricular system is exceptional.

In the present report, which appears to be the seventh in the literature, we describe two cases of a hydatid cyst in the cerebellopontine cistern. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed a nonneoplastic cystic lesion mimicking an arachnoid cyst. The hydatid nature of the cyst was unexpected preoperatively. In both cases, the cyst was successfully removed using the puncture, aspiration, irrigation, and resection technique via a retrosigmoid approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the cysts to be Echinococcus granulosus in nature.

Hydatid cyst may be considered in the differential diagnosis of arachnoid cysts of the cerebellopontine cistern to determine which surgical procedure to perform and to avoid unexpected complications. Previous published cases were also discussed.
Evaluation of Early Screening for Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy with Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Haddad Andrew S. , Fries Melissa H. , Landy Helain , Tripuraneni Priyanka S. , Iqbal Sara N.
Published: November 2023

Early diabetes screening is recommended for high-risk pregnant women risk via a 1-hour glucose challenge test (1-hour GCT). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be obtained with initial obstetric laboratories. We sought to examine the relationship between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for early diabetes screening in pregnancy.

This is a retrospective cohort study of 204 high-risk pregnant women who underwent early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT. Simple logistic regression analysis was performed to predict abnormal 1-hour GCT and diagnosis of diabetes using HbA1c.

A total of 158 (77.5%), 44 (21.5%), and 2 (1%) women had HbA1c of less than 5.7, 5.7 to 6.4, and 6.5% or higher, respectively. Seven of 158 (4.4%) women with HbA1c less than 5.7% and 8 of 44 (18.2%) with HbA1c of 5.7 to 6.4% had a diagnosis of diabetes. A positive correlation between early HbA1c and 1-hour GCT was detected. Logistic regression showed HbA1c significantly predicted the risk of diabetes but was not a good predictor of abnormal 1-hour GCT. HbA1c of 5.5% or less had a 97% or higher negative predictive value for early diabetes in pregnancy.

There is a positive correlation between HbA1c and 1-hour GCT for the early screening of diabetes in pregnancy. Women with early HbA1c ≤ 5.5% could forego further testing in early pregnancy.
Komplexität als größtes Digitalisierungs-Hindernis: “Failure Is Not an Option”
Authors: Gocke Peter
Published: November 2023

34 Gesetze hat der vormalige Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn in 32 Monaten Amtszeit auf den Weg gebracht; sein Nachfolger Karl Lauterbach eifert dieser Schlagzahl nach und kündigte vor einiger Zeit 14 „große Gesetzesvorhaben“ an.
Fraunhofer-Leitprojekt MED²Icin: Der digitale Zwilling
Authors: Welling Daniela
Published: November 2023

Ein von sieben Fraunhofer-Instituten entwickeltes digitales Patientenmodell unterstützt Ärztinnen und Ärzte in der Entscheidungsfindung. Da die Behandler auf direktem Weg zur optimalen Prävention, Diagnose und Therapie gelangen, lassen sich die gesamtgesellschaftlichen Gesundheitsausgaben effektiv begrenzen.
Behandlungsoptionen: Doktor KI unterstützt bei Sepsis
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: November 2023

Eine von der TU Wien entwickelte künstliche Intelligenz kann bei Blutvergiftung passende Behandlungsschritte vorschlagen. Der Algorithmus hat auf Basis von 10 000 Patientendaten gelernt – und übertrifft mit seinen Berechnungen bereits den Menschen.
Roboter in der Pflege: Mensch gemeinsam mit Maschine
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Zu wenig Personal für zu viele kranke und pflegebedürftige Menschen. Mit Digitalisierung und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) kann das Arbeitsleben von Pflegekräften erleichtert werden, damit sie wieder mehr Zeit haben, um mit den Menschen zu arbeiten. Es ist aber nicht alles Gold, was glänzt.
Radiologie: Mit Telemedizin und KI gegen die Personalnot
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: November 2023

In den Radiologien wird die Personaldecke seit Jahren immer dünner. Noch prekärer ist die Lage bei den Medizinischen Technologen für Radiologie. In 50 Prozent aller Kliniken können Arbeitsplätze nicht besetzt werden, Schichten fallen aus. Mit moderner Technik lässt sich der Fachkräftemangel aber lösen.
Antibiotika-Krise: Resistente kleine Erreger, weltweite Gefahr
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Immer weniger Antibiotika stehen zur Verfügung, unter anderem auch, weil die Resistenzen weltweit steigen. Neue Medikamente werden dringend benötigt, denn bereits 2019 kam es weltweit zu 4,95 Millionen Todesfällen, die direkt oder indirekt auf Infektionen mit resistenten Keimen zurückzuführen waren.
Universitätsmedizin mainz: Der neue Vorstand muss jetzt anpacken
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: November 2023

Die rheinland-pfäzische Landesregierung hat wegen der Finanz- und Managementmisere am Uniklinikum den Vorstand neu aufgestellt. Die „Neuen“ übernehmen ein tief zerstrittenes Haus. Ein Sanierungskonzept, dessen Effekte schnell greifen, ist noch nicht in Sicht.
Electrical resistivity of coatings of quasicrystalline and crystalline phases of the Ti—Zr—Ni system in the temperature range 4–300 K
Authors: Malykhin S. V. , Kopylets I. A. , Khadzhay G. Ya. , Kondratenko V. V. , Surovitskiy S. V. , Devizenko O. Yu. , Kislitsa M. V. , Bogdanov Yu. S. , Vovk R. V. , Borisova S. S.
Published: November 2023

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity in the temperature range from 4.4 to 300 K for Ti41Zr41Ni18 (at. %) thin coatings of different crystal perfection and phase composition was studied. The coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering with subsequent vacuum annealing in various modes ensuring the formation of several heterophase combinations, which included 1/1 and 2/1 approximation phases, a quasicrystalline icosahedral phase, a Laves phase (Ti, Zr)2Ni, and an α-Ti (Zr) solid solution. The structure before and after annealing was studied by X-ray diffractometry. It was established that coatings with a predominant content of amorphous, quasicrystalline, or approximant 2/1 phases have a temperature coefficient of resistance less than zero, while samples with a predominance of crystalline phases demonstrate characteristic metallic conductivity. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the Ti41Zr41Ni18 quasicrystalline coating turned out to be similar to the dependence in bulk samples of the Ti40Zr40Ni20 composition. The electrical resistivity of the approximant 2/1 phase with a low content of the additional Laves phase in the film has an almost constant value in the entire investigated temperature range.
On the interplay of thermodynamic and structural properties of LiZn-based half-Heusler alloys
Authors: Ettah E. B. , Minakova Kseniia , Ishaje M. E. , Sirenko Valentyna
Published: November 2023

The half-Heusler LiZnX (X = As, P, and Sb) alloys have gained a significant attention due to their exceptional thermoelectric and magnetic properties, making them a promising material for various applications. In this study, we employ density functional theory to investigate the data on structural and thermodynamics properties of the LiZnX (X = As, P, and Sb) half-Heusler alloys. First-principles calculations as implemented in quantum Espresso simulation software were used. We observed that LiZnX (X = As, P, and Sb) will be easily compressed due to the small value of its bulk modulus. We obtained that the structure is stable and corresponds a half-Heusler crystal one. The Debye model correctly predicts the observed low-temperature dependence of heat capacity, which is proportional to the Debye T3 law. At room temperature, Debye specific heat Cv = 70 J / (K⋅N⋅mol).
Nonlinear effects at the deformation of amorphous polymers in warm and frozen states
Authors: Natsik V. D. , Rusakova H. V.
Published: November 2023

One of the important problems of the modern rheology of polymer materials, namely, the possibility of describing the deformation of amorphous polymers within the framework of linear rheological relationships between relative deformation and deforming stress or the need to use nonlinear rheological equations is considered. The criteria for distinguishing these approaches, namely, the determination of the corresponding critical values of the macro- and microphysical characteristics of the material and the conditions for carrying out the mechanical tests are also discussed. In particular, the difference between the influence of kinetic and thermodynamic nonlinear effects on the regularities of deformation processes of amorphous polymers in warm and frozen states was noted. The influence of nonlinear effects on the general shape and characteristics of individual stages of the “relative strain - deforming stress” diagram at deformation of polymer samples with specified values of strain rate and temperature is analyzed in detail. The results of the theoretical analysis were used for the physical interpretation of the general form and features of individual stages of the tensile test diagrams of amorphous polyimide films (V. D. Natsik, H. V. Rusakova, S. V. Lubenets, V. A. Lototskaya, and L. F. Yakovenko, Fiz. Nyzk. Temp. 49, 569 (2023) [Low Temp. Phys. 49, 521 (2023)]), empirical estimates for the rheological characteristics of this polymer were obtained.
Flapping-winged aircraft with real-time flow field detection and adjustment
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: November 2023

The bioinspired neural network approach enables aircraft with multiple flapping wings to correct their motion to avoid obstacles and maximize efficiency.
A system of Schrödinger equations in a wave guide
Authors: Ayechi Radhia , Boukhris Ilhem , Royer Julien
Published: November 2023

We consider a system of Schrödinger equations in a wave guide, with coupling and damping at the boundary. It is related to the same problem on the one-dimensional cross-section. We prove in particular that we have a spectral gap and exponential decay of the energies for these problems. For the transverse problem we also study the localization of the eigenvalues and prove that the corresponding generalized eigenfunctions form a Riesz basis.
Polarization-matching and carrier confinement in III-nitride deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Aguileta-Vazquez R. R. , Liu Z. , AlQatari F. , Lu Y. , Tang X. , Miranda-Cortez P. A. , Li X.
Published: November 2023

The polarization-induced quantum confined Stark effect has been recognized as a significant factor contributing to the Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) droop in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This study focuses on the design of LEDs by investigating the InAlN/AlGaN interface. By incorporating InAlN quantum wells, a polarization-matched (PM) multi-quantum well (MQW) LED architecture was developed. While the flat conduction and valence bands on PM MQWs indicate an improved recombination rate, it is crucial to examine the impact on IQE, considering carrier confinement and injection efficiency influenced by the band offsets. This paper presents a numerical analysis comparing two LEDs emitting at 245 and 275 nm, respectively. The results demonstrate that the PM LED operating at 275 nm exhibits enhanced performance, benefiting from high probability density overlap. Conversely, the PM LED emitting at 245 nm demonstrates poor confinement, resulting in an overall low performance, regardless of polarization matching.
Expansion of laser discharge in xenon jet improves EUV-light emission
Authors: Abramov I. S. , Golubev S. V. , Gospodchikov E. D. , Shalashov A. G.
Published: November 2023

We consider a laser discharge in xenon jet as a source of extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-light. For realistic plasma parameters, it is shown that the plasma with multiply charged ions, initially arising in the focal region of a laser beam, expands due to photoionization of a surrounding gas and consecutive electron heating by a conductive thermal flux from the region of the laser power deposition. The theoretical model agrees well with the available experiments aimed at the development of a point-like EUV-light source for high-resolution lithography.
Exact two-component theory becoming an efficient tool for NMR shieldings and shifts with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Franzke Yannick J. , Holzer Christof
Published: November 2023

We present a gauge-origin invariant exact two-component (X2C) approach within a modern density functional framework, supporting meta-generalized gradient approximations such as TPSS and range-separated hybrid functionals such as CAM-B3LYP. The complete exchange-correlation kernel is applied, including the direct contribution of the field-dependent basis functions and the reorthonormalization contribution from the perturbed overlap matrix. Additionally, the finite nucleus model is available for the electron-nucleus potential and the vector potential throughout. Efficiency is ensured by the diagonal local approximation to the unitary decoupling transformation in X2C as well as the (multipole-accelerated) resolution of the identity approximation for the Coulomb term (MARI-J, RI-J) and the seminumerical exchange approximation. Errors introduced by these approximations are assessed and found to be clearly negligible. The applicability of our implementation to large-scale calculations is demonstrated for a tin pincer-type system as well as low-valent tin and lead complexes. Here, the calculation of the Sn nuclear magnetic resonance shifts for the pincer-type ligand with about 2400 basis functions requires less than 1 h for hybrid density functionals. Further, the impact of spin–orbit coupling on the nucleus-independent chemical shifts and the corresponding ring currents of all-metal aromatic systems is studied.
Polarization-dependent intensity ratios in double resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lehmann Kevin K.
Published: November 2023

Double Resonance is a powerful spectroscopic method that unambiguously assigns the rigorous quantum numbers of one state of a transition. However, there is often ambiguity as to the branch (ΔJ) of that transition. Spectroscopists have resolved this ambiguity by using the dependence of the double resonance intensity on the relative polarization directions of pump and probe radiation. However, published theoretical predictions for this ratio are based upon a weak (i.e., non-saturating) field approximation. This paper presents theoretical predictions for these intensity ratios for cases where the pump field is strongly saturating in the two limits of transitions dominated by homogeneous or of inhomogeneous broadening. Saturation reduces but does not eliminate the magnitude of the polarization effect (driving the intensity ratio closer to unity) even with strong pump saturation. For the case of an inhomogeneously broadened line, such as when Doppler broadened linewidth dominates over the power-broadened homogeneous line width, a large fraction of the low pump power polarization anisotropy remains. This paper reports predicted polarization ratios for both linear and circular pump and probe field polarizations. The present predictions are compared with experimental measurements on CH4 ground state → ν3 → 3ν3 transitions recently reported by de Oliveira et al.63 and these are in better agreement than with the weak field predictions.
Leakage current characteristics affected by crystallinity and domain wall current of epitaxial Bi5Ti3FeO15 thin films
Authors: Shin Hyun Wook , Son Jong Yeog
Published: November 2023

We investigated leakage current characteristics affected by crystallinity and domain wall currents of epitaxial Bi5Ti3FeO15 (BTFO) thin films on Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates. Highly a-oriented BTFO thin films, highly c-oriented BTFO thin films, and BTFO thin films with a mixture of a-oriented and c-oriented crystallinity were prepared by controlling the substrate temperature and the pulsed laser deposition deposition rate. Highly c-oriented BTFO thin films exhibited the best leakage current characteristics because the Bi2O2 layers were placed perpendicular to the c-axis to reduce leakage currents. The BTFO thin films with a mixture of a-oriented and c-oriented crystallinity showed larger leakage currents compared to highly c-oriented BTFO thin films. The current domains of the BTFO thin films corresponding to the ferroelectric domain structures were observed by a conducting atomic force microscope, and it was observed that leakage currents were formed around the domain walls. In particular, the largest leakage currents are formed at the boundaries of c-oriented domains and a-oriented domains, and these domain boundaries confirmed that the BTFO thin films with a mixture of a-oriented and c-oriented crystallinity were responsible for the largest leakage currents.
Bio-inspired synaptic behavior simulation in thin-film transistors based on molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Wang Yufei , Yuan Qi , Meng Xinru , Sun Yanmei
Published: November 2023

Synaptic behavior simulation in transistors based on MoS2 has been reported. MoS2 was utilized as the active layer to prepare ambipolar thin-film transistors. The excitatory postsynaptic current phenomenon was simulated, observing a gradual voltage decay following the removal of applied pulses, ultimately resulting in a response current slightly higher than the initial current. Subsequently, ±5 V voltages were separately applied for ten consecutive pulse voltage tests, revealing short-term potentiation and short-term depression behaviors. After 92 consecutive positive pulses, the device current transitioned from an initial value of 0.14 to 28.3 mA. Similarly, following 88 consecutive negative pulses, the device current changed, indicating long-term potentiation and long-term depression behaviors. We also employed a pair of continuous triangular wave pulses to evaluate paired-pulse facilitation behavior, observing that the response current of the second stimulus pulse was ∼1.2× greater than that of the first stimulus pulse. The advantages and prospects of using MoS2 as a material for thin-film transistors were thoroughly displayed.
On-surface synthesis of Au–C4 and Au–O4 alternately arranged organometallic coordination networks via selective aromatic C–H bond activation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lu Jianchen , Zhang Yi , Sun Shijie , Xiong Wei , Chen Linghui , Fu Boyu , Geng Jianqun , Niu Gefei , Li Shicheng , Yang Yuhang , Sun Li , Cai Jinming
Published: November 2023

Selective activation of the C–H bond of aromatic hydrocarbons is significant in synthetic chemistry. However, achieving oriented C–H activation remains challenging due to the poor selectivity of aromatic C–H bonds. Herein, we successfully constructed alternately arranged Au–C4 and Au–O4 organometallic coordination networks through selective aromatic C–H bond activation on Au(111) substrate. The stepwise reaction process of the 5, 12-dibromopyrene 3,4,9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride precursor is monitored by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results show that the gold atoms in C–Au–C organometallic chains play a crucial role in promoting the selective ortho C–H bonds activation and forming Au–C4 coordination structure, which is further demonstrated by a comparative experiment of PTCDA precursor on Au(111). Furthermore, our experiment of 2Br-PTCDA precursor on Cu(111) substrate confirms that copper atoms in C–Cu–C organometallic chains can also assist the formation of Cu–C4 coordination structure. Our results reveal the vital effect of organometallic coordination on selective C–H bond activation of reactants, which holds promising implications for controllable on-surface synthesis.
Numerical investigation of flow across three co-rotating cylinders in side-by-side arrangement
Authors: Ali Muhammad Hamza , Munir Adnan , Zhao Ming
Published: November 2023

Flow across three side-by-side co-rotating cylinders is investigated at a Reynolds number of 100 and non-dimensional rotation rates varied from 0 to 8, for spacing ratios of L/D=1.5, 2, and 4 through two-dimensional numerical simulations, where D and L are cylinder diameter and the center-to-center spacing between the cylinders, respectively. For L/D=1.5 and 2, the wakes are classified into regime FF (flip-flopping) at smaller rotation rates and regime SB (single-body) at higher rotation rates. Each regime can be further divided into sub-regimes based on the wake patterns. Regime FF is a regime where the flow switches between two patterns intermittently. The three sub-regimes of SB at L/D=1.5: vortex shedding (SB-VS), steady state (SB-SS), and secondary instability (SB-SI) are the same as those of a single rotating cylinder as the flow through the gap is too weak to have effect on global wake. A new sub-regime single-body quasi-steady (SB-QS) is found for L/D=2, where the two shear layers in the wake of the three cylinders interact weakly with each other but do not form strong vortices. For L/D=4, two new regimes are found: regime 3V-to-3S (transition from three vortex shedding wake to three steady wake), where the vortex shedding from the three cylinders are suppressed consecutively one by one with the increase in the rotation rate, and regime TB (two-body) where two of the three cylinders behave as a single body. Regime TB for L/D=4 has two sub-regimes: steady state (TB-SS) and secondary instability (TB-SI). The effects of the flow regimes on the force coefficients are quantified. For all the spacing ratios L/D=1.5, 2, and 4, the standard derivation drag and lift coefficients are significantly greater than that of a single cylinder when vortex shedding occurs.
Establishing a ‘Virtual’ model of emergency care in Melbourne’s southeast
Authors: Sri-Ganeshan Muhuntha , Underhill Andrew , Charteris Claire , McGee Fergus ,   on behalf of the Southeast Region Virtual Emergency Department (SERVED) Research Group
Published: November 2023

Digital technologies, specifically those required to facilitate telehealth via an audiovisual medium, are now at a standard that allows them to reliably assess patients with acute complaints within their homes. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced innovation and led to an increased acceptance of telehealth from both clinicians and patients and presented an opportunity to incorporate telehealth into emergency medicine practice. With inpatient capacity strain exacerbated by the pandemic, three hospital networks within Melbourne’s geographical southeast collaborated with Ambulance Victoria (AV) to set up a virtual emergency department (VED) service in January 2022. This service aimed to allow certain patients to receive care in the more convenient setting of their homes. Referrals were made directly by AV personnel at the home while they were attending to these patients. Consultation with a VED clinician was initiated through a secure audiovisual platform, ‘Healthdirect’. Following this consultation, care could be facilitated at home through the VED clinician providing advice regarding treatment that paramedics could administer or through linkage into one of the various outreach services provided by the organisations. The VED represents part of the initial integration of telehealth into our organisations. We hope our initial framework might be built upon through greater integration with community services and incorporating more digital technologies. The ongoing graded expansion of telehealth services within our organisations will likely see more and more patients managed in their own homes.
A thalamocortical substrate for integrated information via critical synchronous bursting
Authors: Munn Brandon R. , Müller Eli J. , Aru Jaan , Whyte Christopher J. , Gidon Albert , Larkum Matthew E. , Shine James M.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying consciousness remains a significant challenge. Recent evidence suggests that the coupling between distal–apical and basal–somatic dendrites in thick-tufted layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5
PN
), regulated by the nonspecific-projecting thalamus, is crucial for consciousness. Yet, it is uncertain whether this thalamocortical mechanism can support emergent signatures of consciousness, such as integrated information. To address this question, we constructed a biophysical network of dual-compartment thick-tufted L5
PN
, with dendrosomatic coupling controlled by thalamic inputs. Our findings demonstrate that integrated information is maximized when nonspecific thalamic inputs drive the system into a regime of time-varying synchronous bursting. Here, the system exhibits variable spiking dynamics with broad pairwise correlations, supporting the enhanced integrated information. Further, the observed peak in integrated information aligns with criticality signatures and empirically observed layer 5 pyramidal bursting rates. These results suggest that the thalamocortical core of the mammalian brain may be evolutionarily configured to optimize effective information processing, providing a potential neuronal mechanism that integrates microscale theories with macroscale signatures of consciousness.
BRAG about (s)lots
Authors: Brown Joshua C. , Hell Johannes W. , Gerges Nashaat Z.
Published: November 2023

Mutations in IQSEC2/BRAG1 cause intellectual dysfunction by impairing ARF-GEF activity and long-term depression. In this issue, Bai et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202307117) discover how constitutive ARF-GEF activity is regulated by a closed conformation which opens in the presence of Ca2+. Two known pathogenic mutations cause “leaky” autoinhibition with reduced synaptic dynamic range and impaired cognitive performance.
Maintaining the barrier: New tactics to protect our breathing
Authors: Chudziak Jakub , Lee Joo-Hyeon
Published: November 2023

There is a significant gap between our mechanistic understanding of lung injury repair, thought to be a lengthy process, and observational studies which indicate it is extremely rapid. In this issue, Guild et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202212088) provide exciting new insights into the processes taking place during the first few hours following alveolar damage.
Role of affinity in plasma cell development in the germinal center light zone
Authors: ElTanbouly Mohamed A. , Ramos Victor , MacLean Andrew J. , Chen Spencer T. , Loewe Maximilian , Steinbach Sandra , Ben Tanfous Tarek , Johnson Brianna , Cipolla Melissa , Gazumyan Anna , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Nussenzweig Michel C.
Published: November 2023

Protective immune responses to many pathogens depend on the development of high-affinity antibody-producing plasma cells (PC) in germinal centers (GCs). Transgenic models suggest that there is a stringent affinity-based barrier to PC development. Whether a similar high-affinity barrier regulates PC development under physiologic circumstances and the nature of the PC fate decision has not been defined precisely. Here, we use a fate-mapping approach to examine the relationship between GC B cells selected to undergo additional rounds of affinity maturation, GC pre-PC, and PC. The data show that initial PC selection overlaps with GC B cell selection, but that the PC compartment accumulates a less diverse and higher affinity collection of antibodies over time. Thus, whereas the GC continues to diversify over time, affinity-based pre-PC selection sieves the GC to enable the accumulation of a more restricted group of high-affinity antibody-secreting PC.
Diffraction patterns of optical discs under the far-field condition
Authors: Cai Zhuofan , Chen Shijiang , Deng Boyang , Liu Shuqi , Zhao Wei , Zhang Zengming
Published: November 2023

When optical discs are illuminated, bright-colored lines can often be observed on the surface of them. Starting from the oblique incident grating diffraction model, this paper analyzes the physical mechanism behind the appearance of these colored lines and provides the coordinate expression of the location of the colored lines on the optical disc under the far-field condition. The wavelength distribution of the colored lines on the optical disc under white light illumination is also given by the wave vector relationship of the diffraction process. To verify the theoretical analysis results, an experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to measure the position and color of the colored lines. The experimental data, analyzed through Gaussian process regression and direct comparison, demonstrates a good consistency with the theoretical analysis results.
Doppler effect in the ripple tank: further experiments with a moving source
Authors: D’Anna Michele , Corridoni Tommaso , Sposetti Stefano , Corni Federico
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we extend some recent works about the Doppler effect in surface waves on water. We improve the experimental set up by exploring several situations: source in motion with constant velocity and receiver at rest, source at rest and receiver in motion with constant velocity, as well as both source and receiver in motion. Thereby we produce fractional frequency changes

Δ
f
/

f

0

of the order of 40%–50%, far larger than those obtained by more traditional sound experiments. The experimental setup, the data collection and the data analysis also allow to highlight some aspects relevant from a didactic point of view, in particular, the experimental results clearly show the nonlinearity of the Doppler shift with the moving source velocity.
Red photostimulated luminescence and afterglow in CaS:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors
Authors: Iguchi Kazuaki , Nishigawa Yuta , Suda Yoriko , Nanai Yasushi , Okuno Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2023

In afterglow phosphors, luminescence appears and can be observed with the naked eye for minutes to hours or more, even after photoexcitation ceases. Red afterglow and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) at 650 nm are studied in CaS:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors. Infrared light at 980 nm from a laser diode induces the red PSL for 990 s. Two types of trap states are found to be present in the phosphors by using thermoluminescence (TL). Deep trap states are reflected in a TL peak in the temperature region of 520 K, and are related to PSL. Shallow trap states reflected in the other TL peak at 250 K are related to afterglow. The intensity dependence of photoexcitation on PSL shows that carriers are more easily accumulated in the deep trap states than shallow trap states. Experiments of electron paramagnetic resonance are conducted to discuss the possible origins of PSL and the afterglow.
A lightweight transformer and depthwise separable convolution model for remaining useful life prediction of turbofan engines
Authors: Li Rongzhang , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui , Han Kang
Published: November 2023

The degradation of turbofan engines under complex operating conditions makes it difficult to predict their remaining useful life (RUL), which affects aircraft maintenance efficiency and reliability. To maintain prediction accuracy while improving prediction speed under the limited computing power and memory resources of edge devices, a lightweight Transformer and depthwise separable convolutional neural network (DSCformer) prediction model has been proposed. In the proposed DSCformer method, a probsparse self-attention mechanism with convolutional transformation of the Value branch is developed to improve the efficiency of dot-product, and depthwise separable convolution is employed to extract local spatiotemporal features replace the decoder in Transformer. Additionally, the model’s ability to capture overall trends is improved by incorporating a scaling factor in the Bayesian optimization algorithm, which also accelerates the search for the smoothing coefficient. The evaluation on the C-MAPSS dataset shows that the proposed method achieves a root mean square error of 11.33 and 12.44, as well as scores of 634.22 and 947.35 for predicting FD002 and FD004, respectively, within a shorter training time. These results indicate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art prediction methods under multiple operating conditions for aero engine RUL prediction.
Grain-size adjustment in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric film to improve the switching time in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-based ferroelectric capacitor
Authors: Yoon Jiyeong , Choi Yejoo , Shin Changhwan
Published: November 2023

By adjusting the rising time in annealing ferroelectric HfO2-based films, the grain size of the film can be controlled. In this study, we found that increasing the rising time from 10 to 30 s at an annealing temperature of 700 °C in N2 atmosphere resulted in improved ferroelectric switching speed. This is because the larger grain size reduces the internal resistance components, such as the grain bulk resistance and grain boundary resistance, of the HZO film. This in turn lowers the overall equivalent resistance. By minimizing the RC time constants, increasing the grain size plays a key role in improving the polarization switching speed of ferroelectric films.
Predicting CPAP failure after less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in preterm infants by machine learning model on vital parameter data: a pilot study
Authors: Kloonen R M J S , Varisco G , de Kort E , Andriessen P , Niemarkt H J , van Pul C
Published: November 2023

Objective. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has been introduced to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support in order to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation. However, after this LISA procedure, a significant part of infants fails CPAP treatment (CPAP-F) and requires intubation in the first 72 h of life, which is associated with worse complication free survival chances. The aim of this study was to predict CPAP-F after LISA, based on machine learning (ML) analysis of high resolution vital parameter monitoring data surrounding the LISA procedure. Approach. Patients with a gestational age (GA) <32 weeks receiving LISA were included. Vital parameter data was obtained from a data warehouse. Physiological features (HR, RR, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and body temperature) were calculated in eight 0.5 h windows throughout a period 1.5 h before to 2.5 h after LISA. First, physiological data was analyzed to investigate differences between the CPAP-F and CPAP-Success (CPAP-S) groups. Next, the performance of two types of ML models (logistic regression: LR, support vector machine: SVM) for the prediction of CPAP-F were evaluated. Main results. Of 51 included patients, 18 (35%) had CPAP-F. Univariate analysis showed lower SpO2, temperature and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the LISA procedure. The best performing ML model showed an area under the curve of 0.90 and 0.93 for LR and SVM respectively in the 0.5 h window directly after LISA, with GA, HRV, respiration rate and SpO2 as most important features. Excluding GA decreased performance in both models. Significance. In this pilot study we were able to predict CPAP-F with a ML model of patient monitor signals, with best performance in the first 0.5 h after LISA. Using ML to predict CPAP-F based on vital signals gains insight in (possibly modifiable) factors that are associated with LISA failure and can help to guide personalized clinical decisions in early respiratory management.