bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New approach to control the induction motors based on immersion and invariance technique
Authors: Sabzalian Mohammad Hosein , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Lin Shuyi , Zhang Weidong
Published: March 2019

In this study, a new adaptive controller is introduced for the induction motors (IMs) based on immersion and invariance (I&I) technique. The dynamics of the IM system are perturbed by some disturbances such as time‐varying rotor resistance and load torque. Accordingly, an adaptive controller is designed and the uncertain parameters are online estimated. The adaptation laws are obtained from the stability analysis based on I&I method. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed control method. It is revealed that the outputs of the IM could track the desired signals in the presence of the mentioned disturbances. Also, the results are compared with the conventional control methods and it is concluded that the proposed control approach resulted in better performance.
Distributed quadratic optimisation for linear multi‐agent systems over jointly connected networks
Authors: Huang Bomin , Zou Yao , Meng Ziyang
Published: March 2019

In this study, the distributed optimisation problem for linear multi‐agent systems with disturbance rejection is considered. The topology graph is assumed to be uniformly jointly strongly connected and the disturbance is not limited to satisfy the matching condition. Each agent is assigned with a local quadratic cost function and the objective is to minimise the sum of local cost functions based on information exchange. The authors propose a distributed observer for each agent such that other agents' cost functions are obtained. Then, the state feedback and output feedback optimal algorithms are designed based on the output of the distributed observer. The theoretical results are validated by simulations.
Enhanced predictor–corrector Mars entry guidance approach with atmospheric uncertainties
Authors: Jianwei Xu , Jianzhong Qiao , Lei Guo , Wenhua Chen
Published: March 2019

Due to the long‐range data communication and complex Mars environment, the Mars lander needs to promote the ability to autonomously adapt uncertain situations ensuring high precision landing in future Mars missions. Based on the analysis of multiple disturbances, this study demonstrates an enhanced predictor–corrector guidance method to deal with the effect of atmospheric uncertainties during the entry phase of the Mars landing. In the proposed method, the predictor–corrector guidance algorithm is designed to autonomously drive the Mars lander to the parachute deployment. Meanwhile, the disturbance observer is designed to onboard estimate the effect of fiercely varying atmospheric uncertainties resulting from rapidly height decreasing. Then, with the estimation of atmospheric uncertainties compensated in the feed‐forward channel, the composite guidance method is put forward such that both anti‐disturbance and autonomous performance of the Mars lander guidance system are improved. Convergence of the proposed composite method is analysed. Simulations for a Mars lander entry guidance system demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the baseline method in consideration of the atmospheric uncertainties.
Distributed fault‐tolerant model predictive control for intermittent faults
Authors: Xiao Guannan , Liu Fei
Published: March 2019

Intermittent fault is a special kind of fault form, which often occurs in industry processes but has been less studied. This study focuses on the distributed fault‐tolerant model predictive control (DFTMPC) problem for an intermittent fault in actuators or sensors. A novel state observer and DFTMPC controller integral framework are presented. The proposed distributed system state observer can both deal with the unknown inputs and compensate for the interconnected variables' estimation errors, achieving a more accurate estimation. A fault mode‐switched model is constructed to describe the system with multi‐intermittent faults in a hidden way. This allows us to design a distributed fault‐tolerant controller without reconfiguration. For the proposed distributed model predictive controller, asymptotically stable conditions are given, meanwhile, the whole algorithm for multi‐intermittent fault‐tolerant control is concluded. A numerical example is simulated to verify the proposed method.
Delayed‐impulsive control for difference systems with actuator saturation and its synchronisation application
Authors: Li Liangliang , Li Chuandong , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on the problem of time‐delayed impulsive control with actuator saturation for discrete‐time dynamical systems. By establishing a delayed‐impulsive difference inequality, combining with convex analysis and inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure exponential stability for discrete‐time dynamical systems via time‐delayed impulsive controller with actuator saturation. And those results are also used in the problem of synchronisation of the discrete‐time complex networks. The designed controller admits the existence of some transmission delays in impulsive feedback law, and the control input variables are required to stay within an availability zone. Several numerical simulations are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Design methodologies for the output power maximisation of synchronous reluctance machines
Authors: Palmieri Marco , Cascella Giuseppe Leonardo , Cupertino Francesco
Published: March 2019

Synchronous reluctance (SyR) machines can constitute a promising alternative to permanent magnet machines for low‐cost applications. The recent literature reports some guidelines for choosing the proper number and position of the rotor flux barriers capable of enhancing the electromagnetic performance in low‐speed applications. However, as the rotational speed increases, the electromagnetic and structural mutual interactions become relevant; therefore, an optimal design requires a proper trade‐off between torque production and stress reduction, which can be difficultly predicted analytically. This work proposes an approach based on optimisation algorithms in order to find ‘non‐conventional’ geometries able to improve the power density: genetic algorithms coupled to magneto‐static finite elements analysis and structural analytical models, are adopted to co‐design SyR machines with different numbers of stator slots and rotor barriers subjected to the same thermal constraints. This study investigates two design procedures aimed at maximising the output power of SyR machines by increasing the rotational speed. Both procedures allow determining the power limits for a given volume of active parts and a fixed amount of admissible losses; moreover, the second procedure automatically finds also the rotational speed which maximises the output power.
Robust dynamic state estimation of power systems with model uncertainties based on adaptive unscented filter
Authors: Wang Yi , Sun Yonghui , Dinavahi Venkata , Wang Kaike , Nan Dongliang
Published: March 2019

This study considers the dynamic state estimation of power systems with model uncertainties that might be caused by the unknown noise statistics or unpredicted changes to the model parameters. To deal with these issues, an innovation‐based estimator that is able to dynamically revise the statistics of system and measurement noise is proposed firstly. Then, based on the criteria for bounding the adverse influences on the estimation error of model uncertainties and unscented transform technique, an adaptive strategy is developed to adjust the estimation error covariance matrix under various conditions. Finally, by incorporating the proposed approaches and filter theory, a novel adaptive unscented filter is established to realise dynamic state estimation of power system against model uncertainties. Extensive simulation results obtained from the IEEE‐39 bus test system are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Precession parameter estimation method of the cone‐shaped target based on inverse synthetic aperture radar image sequence analysis
Authors: Wang Chao , Yeh Chunmao , Wen Shuliang , Chen Hang , Yang Jian
Published: March 2019

The micro‐motion features induced by space targets provide effective information for target classification and recognition. This study introduces the equivalent rotational velocity (ERV) estimation for precession parameter estimation of the cone‐shaped target with inverse synthetic aperture radar image sequence. On the basis of the rotation matching relationship of precession cone‐shaped target, the estimated ERV is used to build an eigenfunction, and the parameter searching set is obtained. Through theoretical analysis, the coupled parameters of the eigenfunction will concentrate on a curve on the searching plane. Thus, the parameter searching set is reduced to the neighbouring area of this curve, which reduces the computational burden greatly. Finally, the parameters are decoupled by the reconstructed radar observation angle, and the precession parameters such as precession period, precession angle, average observation angle, radial length and bottom radius of the target are precisely estimated. The proposed algorithm requires no prior information and it has high computational efficiency. Simulation results with electromagnetic data illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Simulating stellar winds in AMUSE
Authors: van der Helm Edwin , Saladino Martha I. , Portegies Zwart Simon , Pols Onno
Published: March 2019

Aims. We present STELLAR_WIND.PY, a module that provides multiple methods of simulating stellar winds using smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes (SPH) within the astrophysical multipurpose software environment (AMUSE) framework.

Methods. The module currently includes three ways of simulating stellar winds: With the simple wind mode, we create SPH wind particles in a spherically symmetric shell for which the inner boundary is located at the radius of the star. We inject the wind particles with a velocity equal to their terminal velocity. The accelerating wind mode is similar, but with this method particles can be injected with a lower initial velocity than the terminal velocity and they are accelerated away from the star according to an acceleration function. With the heating wind mode, SPH particles are created with zero initial velocity with respect to the star, but instead wind particles are given an internal energy based on the integrated mechanical luminosity of the star. This mode is designed to be used on longer timescales and larger spatial scales compared to the other two modes and assumes that the star is embedded in a gas cloud.

Results. We present a number of tests and compare the results and performance of the different methods. For fast winds, we find that both the simple and accelerating mode can reproduce the desired velocity, density and temperature profiles. For slow winds, the simple wind mode is insufficient due to dominant hydrodynamical effects that change the wind velocities. The accelerating mode, with additional options to account for these hydrodynamical effects, can still reproduce the desired wind profiles. We test the heating mode by simulating both a normal wind and a supernova explosion of a single star in a uniform density medium. The stellar wind simulation results matches the analytical solution for an expanding wind bubble. The supernova simulation gives qualitatively correct results, but the simulated bubble expands faster than the analytical solution predicts. We conclude with an example of a triple star system which includes the colliding winds of all three stars.
Consistent cosmic shear in the face of systematics: a B-mode analysis of KiDS-450, DES-SV and CFHTLenS
Authors: Asgari Marika , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Miller Lance , Schneider Peter , Amon Alexandra , Choi Ami , Erben Thomas , Georgiou Christos , Harnois-Deraps Joachim , Kuijken Konrad
Published: March 2019

We analyse three public cosmic shear surveys; the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-450), the Dark Energy Survey (DES-SV) and the Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). Adopting the “COSEBIs” statistic to cleanly and completely separate the lensing E-modes from the non-lensing B-modes, we detect B-modes in KiDS-450 and CFHTLenS at the level of ∼2.7σ. For DES-SV we detect B-modes at the level of 2.8σ in a non-tomographic analysis, increasing to a 5.5σB-mode detection in a tomographic analysis. In order to understand the origin of these detected B-modes we measure the B-mode signature of a range of different simulated systematics including PSF leakage, random but correlated PSF modelling errors, camera-based additive shear bias and photometric redshift selection bias. We show that any correlation between photometric-noise and the relative orientation of the galaxy to the point-spread-function leads to an ellipticity selection bias in tomographic analyses. This work therefore introduces a new systematic for future lensing surveys to consider. We find that the B-modes in DES-SV appear similar to a superposition of the B-mode signatures from all of the systematics simulated. The KiDS-450 and CFHTLenS B-mode measurements show features that are consistent with a repeating additive shear bias.
Quincuncial adaptive closed Kohonen (QuACK) map for the irregularly shaped comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Grieger B.
Published: March 2019

Context. Standard global map projections cannot display the complete surface of a highly irregular body such as the Rosetta target comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko because different points on the surface can have the same longitude and latitude.

Aims. We present a concept of generalized longitudes and latitudes that allows us to display the complete comet in generalized versions of any standard map projection.

Methods. A self-organizing Kohonen map can be used to sample the surface of any 3D shape, but the unfolded map misses some area beyond its edges. Here, we combine two square grids into an inherently closed structure that really maps the complete surface of the comet. Beyond this, the closed map is topologically equivalent to the Peirce quincuncial projection of the world, which enables the definition of generalized longitudes and latitudes.

Results. While the generalized version of any map projection does not exactly share the properties of the original, such as preservation of area or shape, it behaves very similar. In particular, the generalized version of the quincuncial projection behaves very well over most of the surface area and shares the tessellation properties with its original.

Conclusions. The quincuncial adaptive closed Kohonen (QuACK) map and the concept of generalized longitudes and latitudes provide means for global maps of arbitrarily irregular shapes.
The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 with MUSE
Authors: Emsellem Eric , van der Burg Remco F. J. , Fensch Jérémy , Jeřábková Tereza , Zanella Anita , Agnello Adriano , Hilker Michael , Müller Oliver , Rejkuba Marina , Duc Pierre-Alain , Durrell Patrick , Habas Rebecca , Lelli Federico , Lim Sungsoon , Marleau Francine R. , Peng Eric , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén
Published: March 2019

The so-called ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 was announced to be a galaxy lacking dark matter based on a spectroscopic study of its constituent globular clusters. Here we present the first spectroscopic analysis of the stellar body of this galaxy using the MUSE integral-field spectrograph at the (ESO) Very Large Telescope. The MUSE datacube simultaneously provides DF2’s stellar velocity field and systemic velocities for seven globular clusters (GCs). We further discovered three planetary nebulae (PNe) that are likely part of this galaxy. While five of the clusters had velocities measured in the literature, we were able to confirm the membership of two more candidates through precise radial velocity measurements, which increases the measured specific frequency of GCs in DF2. The mean velocity of the diffuse stellar body, 1792.9+1.4−1.8 km s−1, is consistent with the mean globular cluster velocity. We detect a weak but significant velocity gradient within the stellar body, with a kinematic axis close to the photometric major axis, making it a prolate-like rotator. We estimate a velocity dispersion from the clusters and PNe of σint = 10.6−2.3+3.9 km s−1. The velocity dispersion σDF2⋆(Re) for the stellar body within one effective radius is 10.8+3.2−4.0 km s−1. Considering various sources of systemic uncertainties, this central value varies between 5 and 13 km s−1, and we conservatively report a 95% confidence upper limit to the dispersion within one Re of 21 km s−1. We provide updated mass estimates based on these dispersions corresponding to the different distances to NGC 1052-DF2 that have been reported in the recent literature.
IGR J17503–2636: a candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient
Authors: Ferrigno C. , Bozzo E. , Sanna A. , Jaisawal G. K. , Girard J. M. , Di Salvo T. , Burderi L.
Published: March 2019

The object IGR J17503–2636 is a hard X-ray transient discovered by INTEGRAL on 2018 August 11. This was the first ever reported X-ray emission from this source. Following the discovery, follow-up observations were carried out with Swift, Chandra, NICER, and NuSTAR. Here we report on the analysis of all of these X-ray data and the results obtained. Based on the fast variability in the X-ray domain, the spectral energy distribution in the 0.5–80 keV energy range, and the reported association with a highly reddened OB supergiant at ∼10 kpc, we conclude that IGR J17503–2636 is most likely a relatively faint new member of the supergiant fast X-ray transients. Spectral analysis of the NuSTAR data revealed a broad feature in addition to the typical power-law with exponential roll-over at high energy. This can be modeled either in emission or as a cyclotron scattering feature in absorption. If confirmed by future observations, this feature would indicate that IGR J17503–2636 hosts a strongly magnetized neutron star with B ∼ 2 × 1012 G.
Electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface antenna
Authors: Yang Doohyun , Nam Sangwook
Published: March 2019

An electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface (SMRS) antenna and its design procedure are investigated. The antenna is composed of capacitively modulated reactance surface whose profile is a sinusoidally varying form. This configuration generates a radiating leaky wave and the antenna's radiation pattern including beam angle and beamwidth can be controlled with different parameters of the modulated surface reactance of the SMRS period. A beamscanning characteristic of the capacitively modulated SMRS antenna is shown with the design procedure and the simulated results. Designed antenna was simulated using commercial EM tool and the result was well matched with the calculated main beam direction verifying the validity of design method. About 33° of beamcanning range was obtained with the center radiating angle of 45° at 9 GHz. Designed antenna showed reasonable input matching and efficiencies within beamscanning range of the antenna.
Cone beam et troisième molaire mandibulaire incluse
Authors: Bellaiche N. , Azoulay E.
Published: March 2019

Les patients, comme les chirurgiens-dentistes, attendent beaucoup de l’orthodontiste pour les guider dans la prédiction d’évolution des dents de sagesse (DDS). L’imagerie est un outil clé pour la prise de décision et l’analyse pré-opératoire. Cet article est une synthèse des découvertes fortuites radiologiques liées à la troisième molaire mandibulaire et montre l’intérêt du CBCT. La pathologie associée à la troisième molaire est plus souvent observée dans le CBCT que dans la panoramique. Plus de troisièmes molaires seraient enlevées si les résultats pathologiques étaient basés sur le CBCT.
Hypominéralisation Molaire-Incisive (MIH): Hétérogénéité des tableaux cliniques et incidences thérapeutiques
Authors: Strub M. , Jung S. , Siebert T. , Clauss F.
Published: March 2019

L’anomalie de l’émail la plus fréquemment rencontrée est l’hypominéralisation molaire-incisive. Patients et parents sont souvent demandeurs en ce qui concerne la cause de cette anomalie de structure. L’étiologie est multifactorielle, pouvant impliquer des facteurs extrinsèques environnementaux comme les molécules antibiotiques ou des perturbateurs endocriniens, et des facteurs intrinsèques comme des prédispositions génétiques consistant en des polymorphismes sur des gènes codant pour des protéines matricielles amélaires. Une association significative est également décrite entre la MIH et des antécédents de complications durant la grossesse ou de pathologies en péri-natal et post-natal. Caractérisée par un émail hypoplasique affectant au moins une première molaire permanente, elle est un challenge sur le plan de la prise en charge esthétique et des thérapeutiques conservatrices. Les tableaux cliniques sont variés et conditionnent les choix du praticien en fonction d’un gradient thérapeutique allant de la reminéralisation / désensibilisation amélaire à l’avulsion. En effet, les formes sévères peuvent compromettre la pérennité de la dent sur l’arcade lorsque la perte de substance est importante, avec ou sans lésion carieuse associée.
Extraction de la première molaire permanente et incidences orthodontiques
Authors: Legris S.
Published: March 2019

Les premières molaires permanentes sont les dents les plus atteintes par le phénomène carieux et le MIH. Leur perte a un impact majeur sur le développement bucco- dentaire et maxillo-facial ainsi que sur les fonctions orales. Connaître les conséquences de leur extraction permet de définir les conditions optimales pour décider et planifier ce geste, nécessitant une alliance thérapeutique entre le chirurgien-dentiste et l’orthodontiste.
Eau, centrales nucléaires et changement climatique
Authors: Vicaud Alain
Published: March 2019

Depuis plusieurs années, des hausses records de température, des pics de canicule, des sécheresses prolongées, sont observés en France et dans le monde. Comment les centrales nucléaires se sont-elles préparées à ces changements ?
Prognostic Factors of Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Combined SEER and TCGA Databases Review
Authors: Mei Lin , Khurana Arushi , Al-Juhaishi Taha , Faber Anthony , Celi Francesco , Smith Steven , Boikos Sosipatros
Published: March 2019

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare malignancies while pathogenesis is strongly influenced by genetics. The prognostic factors of these patients remain poorly defined. We aim to study the epidemiology and survival pattern by analyzing the combination of SEER and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Between 1973 and 2013, a total of 1014 patients with PGL or PCC were analyzed. Younger age and female were associated with better outcomes. The incidence of second primary malignancy in PGL/PCC patients was about 14.6%. This population had a significant longer DSS. Other factors, including surgical resection and origin from of aortic/carotid bodies, conferred remarkable survival advantage. In contrast, distant spread portended worse prognosis. Laterality, race, positive serum catecholamine marker did not demonstrate a significant association with OS and DSS. By analyzing TCGA database with total 184 patients were identified. Eighty out of 184 patients (43.5%) had at least one pathogenic mutation. Female had higher ratio of pathogenic mutations than male (58.7% vs. 41.3%) and NF1 mutation was associated with elderly population. SHDB mutation had higher percentage in male. Twenty-nine patients (15.8%) had 2 or more primary. ATRX was the most common oncogenic mutations in metastatic cohort. In conclusion, younger age, female sex, origin from aortic/carotid bodies, complete surgical resection, regional disease, as well as concomitant second primary malignancies were associated with better prognosis. The prognostic value of radiotherapy and oncogenomics warrants further investigation.
Motivation und Diabetes – Zeit für einen Paradigmenwechsel? – Ein Positionspapier –
Authors: Petrak Frank , Meier Juris J. , Albus Christian , Grewe Petra , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Paust Rainer , Risse Alexander , Röhrig Bonnie , Herpertz Stephan
Published: March 2019

Ärztliche Behandlungsempfehlungen bei Patienten mit Diabetes werden von den Betroffenen zu einem großen Teil nicht umgesetzt. Dies betrifft sowohl die Medikamenteneinnahme als auch Empfehlungen zu einem gesundheitsförderlichen Lebensstil mit entsprechender körperlicher Aktivierung, gesunder Ernährung, ggf. Beendigung des Rauchens und angemessener Gewichtskontrolle. Das Nichtbefolgen dieser Empfehlungen führt nachweislich zu einer deutlichen Risikoerhöhung für Diabeteskomplikationen, Morbidität und eine vorzeitige Mortalität. Ärztliche Reaktionen auf dieses Patientenverhalten umfassen verstärkte Bemühungen um „Therapietreue“ und resultieren langfristig nicht selten in einem Gefühl von Ohnmacht und Resignation. Forschungsbemühungen konzentrieren sich auf eine zunehmende Zahl von Interventionen zur Förderung der Therapieadhärenz, wobei die Ergebnisse von Metaanalysen auf einen nur mäßigen Erfolg hinweisen.

Mit dem vorliegenden Positionspapier wird ein praxisorientierter Ansatz zur Diskussion gestellt, der auf eine Verbesserung der beschriebenen Problematik abzielt. Zentral ist dabei die Reflexion der verschiedenen Rollen sowie der Verantwortungsübernahme der Patienten auf der einen Seite und der Ärzte bzw. anderer Berufsgruppen (Diabetesberater, Psychotherapeuten) auf der anderen Seite. Es wird eine neue Klassifikation verschiedener Arten der Therapieadhärenz bzw. Non-Adhärenz vorgeschlagen. Diese bilden den Ausgangspunkt zu einem praxisbezogenen Algorithmus zum ärztlichen Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Arten der Therapieadhärenz, bei dem die Rollen und die Verantwortungen für Behandler und Patienten explizit geklärt werden. Dabei wird keine Therapieadhärenz von Patienten forciert. Vielmehr wird darauf abgezielt, dass Patienten eine informierte, tragfähige und eigenverantwortete Entscheidung für oder gegen einen ärztlichen Vorschlag treffen und dass dies von Behandlerseite akzeptiert werden kann, sodass Frustrationen und Ohnmachtsempfinden vermieden werden. Abschließend werden Thesen zum Umgang mit „Motivationsproblemen bei Diabetes“ zur Diskussion gestellt.
V2 Trigeminal Referred Pain from Chronic Occipital Neuralgia Caused by Entrapment of the Greater Occipital Nerve
Authors: Lee Chang-ik , Son Byung-chul
Published: March 2019

Although entrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON) is a well-known cause of occipital neuralgia, occurrence of referred hemifacial trigeminal pain involving V2 distribution from chronic occipital neuralgia is rare. A 67-year-old female patient with intermittent left-sided occipital neuralgia of 10-year duration presented with a new onset of left-sided hemifacial pain of 5-month duration. With aggravation of left-sided occipital neuralgia, continuous burning pain and paresthesia gradually developed in her left malar and periorbital area. They also spread to her left upper lip. Severe compression of the left GON by tendinous aponeurotic attachment of the trapezius was found intraoperatively. Decompression of the left GON from chronic entrapment resulted in immediate relief for her hemifacial pain and chronic occipital neuralgia. These findings provide clinical affirmation of the existence of trigeminal/cervical convergence and hypersensitivity. Chronic irritating afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by entrapment of the GON seems to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the trigeminocervical complex receiving convergent input from dural and cervical structures. Referred trigeminal pain from chronic occipital neuralgia may extend to V2 in addition to V1 trigeminal distribution.
Changing Trends of Angiographic Profiles in Women with Coronary Artery Disease over a Decade
Authors: Aramalla Sunitha , Chakkera Priyanka
Published: March 2019

Background Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD), have assumed epidemic proportions worldwide. CAD is the leading cause of disability and death in women. In woman during postmenopausal years, traditional risk factors tend to become very present and increase the risk for CAD. Patterns in epidemiology of CAD are doubtlessly changing continually in many ways, only some of which are recognized at any given point of time.

Aim To identify the changing trends of CAD in female patients who were admitted for coronary angiogram (CAG) over a period of 10 years.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected the data of female patients from our unit CAG registry. We noted the demographic data (age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status), clinical data (diabetic status, hypertension status, symptoms and their duration, past history), laboratory data (complete blood picture, cardiac enzymes, renal function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes), and CAG findings (normal coronaries [NC]/single-vessel disease [SCD]/double-vessel disease [DVD]/triple-vessel disease [TVD]) of the female patients in 2007 and a decade later that was 2017.

Results Data of 64 women in 2007 and of 184 in 2017 were analyzed. CAG women in 2017 were older than those in 2007 (53.1 ± 11.7 vs. 57.1 ± 12.3 years; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference found in the parameters such as hypertension (p = 0.797), diabetes mellitus (DM) (37.5% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.59), left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, type of presentation (acute coronary syndrome [ACS] or chronic stable angina [CSA]) and presence of CAD (53.9% vs. 51.1%; p = 0.69). In the 2017 female group, there was increase in detection of the electrographic (ECG) abnormalities (98.4% vs. 62.5%; p = 0.000). Radial route was used more frequently for CAG (98.4% vs. 40.6%; p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis of CAD (proven angiographically) showed a statistically significant difference of occurrence of SVD that was more frequent in 2007 female group (32.8% vs. 20.1%; p = 0.05), whereas TVD (was more frequent in 2017 female group (14.1% vs. 4.6%; p = 0.01).

Conclusion This study shows that even though there was no change in the incidence of occurrence of normal coronaries on angiogram over time; however, there was a significant increase in severity of the CAD (TVD) in 2017 female group (p = 0.01).
Outcomes of Patients after Implantation of the Pericardial All-Biological Valve No-React Aortic Conduit (BioIntegral) for Root Replacement in Complex Surgical Procedures
Authors: Puehler Thomas , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Friedrich Christine , Salem Mohamed , Renner Jochen , Cremer Joachim , Haneya Assad
Published: March 2019

Objective Therapy of complex aortic root pathologies remains a great surgical challenge. Though different graft materials are available to replace the often-destroyed aortic root, long durability and freedom from reoperation of the latter are still under debate. The aim of our study was to investigate patients' postoperative outcome after implantation of the BioIntegral conduit in complex aortic root pathologies.

Methods From February 2014 to May 2017, 33 consecutive patients (69.7% male) with a median age of 73 (57.5; 76.2) years underwent aortic root replacement with the BioIntegral conduit at our institution. Severe aortic valve endocarditis (78.8%) was the predominant indication for surgery. In 28 patients (84.9%), implantation was performed as redo or in 87.8% as urgent and emergent surgery. Primary end-point was the 30-day survival time, evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Secondary midterm outcome and graft-related reoperation were analyzed.

Results Median follow-up for all patients was 178 (8; 659) days. Median EuroScore II was 19.9% (13.4; 29.9). Freedom from reoperation was 97%. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 33% mainly caused by multiorgan failure in six (18.2%) patients and cardiac failure in five (15.1%) patients. One further death occurred during follow-up at day 156. None was directly conduit-related. Graft reinfection after the 4th surgery with basal abscess formation occurred in only one patient (3%). Early echocardiographic assessment of the valve revealed good functional results. A higher EuroScore II was significantly associated with a poorer 30-day survival time (hazard ratio, 1.039; 95% confidence interval, 1.015–1.063, p = 0.001).

Conclusion Aortic root replacement for complex pathologies is associated with substantial 30-day mortality, but survival of patients after discharge from hospital was stable. Early functional status of the BioIntegral valve was good. Though freedom from re-operation was low, long-term outcome and long-term functional status have to be further evaluated.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for Periprosthetic and Interprosthetic Fractures Associated with Knee Arthroplasty: Surgical Technique and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Borade Amrut , Sanchez Daniela , Kempegowda Harish , Maniar Hemil , Pesantez Rodrigo , Suk Michael , Horwitz Daniel
Published: March 2019

With the increasing number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) being performed, the incidence of periprosthetic fractures adjacent to a TKA is rising. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has proven to be successful for the biological fixation of many fractures. Advances in surgical instrumentation and techniques made MIPO possible for more complex fractures. Periprosthetic fractures are always complicated by problems of soft tissue incisions, scarring, and, of course, the arthroplasty components. MIPO techniques may be particularly suited to these injuries and may make the surgical repair of these fractures safer and more reliable. In this review, case examples are used to define the indications, preoperative planning, implant selection, complications, limitations, and challenges of MIPO for the treatment of periprosthetic fractures about the knee. When considering MIPO for any fracture, we recommend prioritizing an acceptable reduction with biological fixation and resorting to mini-open or open approach when necessary to achieve it. Awareness of the learning curve of the surgical technique, advances in implant designs, the tips and tricks involved, and the limitations of the MIPO is of paramount importance from the orthopaedic surgeon's perspective.
Nail–Plate Constructs for Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Mirick Mueller Gudrun
Published: March 2019

Over the past several years, the nail–plate construct (NPC) has emerged as a novel construct for the treatment of challenging distal femoral periprosthetic fractures. This construct, which uses a combination of the two primary treatment methods—lateral locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing, creates hybrid stabilization and allows the potential for early mobilization. This article will give the rationale for the use of the NPC as well as a review of the current published literature reviewing its use.
The “Diagonal” Lesion: A New Type of Combined Injury Pattern Involving the Impingement Fracture of Anteromedial Tibial Plateau and the Injury of Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Corner
Authors: Li Xu , Song Guanyang , Li Yue , Liu Xin , Zhang Hui , Feng Hua
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of the “diagonal” lesion. A total of 273 consecutive patients with combined posterolateral corner (PLC) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries were retrospectively analyzed. All preoperative knee joint evaluations were reviewed including the computed tomography, the anteroposterior (AP) view, the lateral view, the full-length long-standing AP view, and the physical examination results with the patient under anesthesia. Twenty-six patients (9.5%) were verified as having the “diagonal” lesions. The anteromedial impingement fractures could be categorized into small (small fracture group, n = 7) and large (large fracture group, n = 19). The PCL injuries were classified into grade 2 (n = 22) and grade 3 (n = 4). The PLC injuries could be classified into type A (n = 3), type B (n = 8), and type C (n = 15) according to the Fanelli's classification system. Notably, there were 20 chronic cases. Among them, 14 (70%) had varus deformities. The proportion of patients with varus deformity in the large fracture group was significantly higher than that of the small fracture group (p = 0.026). In this study, the incidence of the “diagonal” lesions was 9.5%. Patients who had larger fracture size tended to develop subsequent varus deformity of the lower extremity. It was important for us to recognize the PCL/PLC injuries and to fully reduce the large bony fracture during the initial treatment of the “diagonal” lesions to prevent the residual instability and varus deformity.
Osteomeniscal Impact Edema (OMIE): Description of a Distinct MRI Finding in Displaced Flap Tears of the Medial Meniscus, with Comparison to Posterior Root Tears
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Wu Isabella T. , Desai Vishal S. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , Littrell Laurel A. , Collins Mark S. , Saris Daniël B.F. , Stuart Michael J.
Published: March 2019

Bone marrow edema (BME) can be a late finding in osteoarthritis or a sign of subchondral insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding we refer to as “osteomeniscal impact edema” (OMIE), or reactive BME adjacent to a displaced meniscus flap tear. In addition, this edema pattern is compared with a control group of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT) with subchondral insufficiency edema. MRI records from 2000 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed for studies that showed the presence of a medial meniscus displaced flap tear and an adjacent area of BME. The selected MRIs were matched to an equal number of MMPRT MRI studies. All MRI studies were assessed for cartilage surface grade using the modified Outerbridge classification system and for the extent of accompanying structural abnormalities using the whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score. Descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing were utilized to compare the MRI findings between groups. Twenty-two flap tear (OMIE group) patients with a mean age of 57 (SD: 15) and 22 root tear (MMPRT) group patients with a mean age of 61 (SD: 10) were included. MRIs in the OMIE group showed a distinctive pattern of focal, peripheral edema adjacent to the meniscus flap tear, compared with more diffuse, central edema in the MMPRT group. Quantitatively, MRIs of the MMPRT group showed significantly worse mean femoral Outerbridge scores (3.72 vs. 2.68, p < 0.0001), more severe central (1.63 vs. 0.5, p = 0.0007) and posterior (0.31 vs. 0.0, p = 0.04) subchondral edema grades, and a higher incidence of tibial subchondral fractures (3 vs. 0, p = 0.036). Meniscus flap tears may present with a distinct MRI pattern of focal, adjacent, peripheral edema, which we refer to as OMIE. Patients with meniscus flap tears showed significantly less arthritic change, lower subchondral edema grades, and a lower incidence of insufficiency fractures and subchondral collapse compared with the diffuse overload edema pattern found with root tears. The Level of Evidence for this study is III.
Fabrication of Feeding Plate in Cleft Palate Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lodhi Tulsi , Patil Surendra Kumar , Bahetwar Surendra Kumar , Sharma Aparna , Ninawe Nupur , Dolas Arti
Published: March 2019

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial malformations. It is associated with various problems such as difficulty in sucking, nasal regurgitation, hearing and speech problems, etc. Feeding is of primary and immediate concern for the growth of infants. In this case report, a 3-month-old female child diagnosed with Veau's class II cleft reported with the difficulty in sucking of milk and nasal regurgitation while feeding. To overcome this problem, a feeding plate was fabricated with simple impression method, which helped the infant feed and restore the proper weight required for cleft palate reconstructive surgery.
Pullback attractors for the non-autonomous reaction-diffusion equations in RN
Authors: Zhu Kaixuan , Xie Yongqin , Zhou Feng , Li Xin
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we prove the existence of the pullback attractors in L2(RN), Lp(RN), and H1(RN) for a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation in unbounded domains, in which the nonlinearity f satisfies the polynomial growth of arbitrary order p − 1(p > 2) and the external forcing g∈Lloc2(R;L2(RN)) only subjects to the weaker integrability condition ∫−∞teαs‖g(s)‖22ds.
Bragg coherent diffractive imaging of strain at the nanoscale
Authors: Karpov Dmitry , Fohtung Edwin
Published: March 2019

Strain engineering is a promising technology with potential application in memory devices, electronic elements, photoactive materials, etc. Nanoscale imaging of the strain is therefore important to better understand the operating condition of the device, growth processes, and influences of other factors. X-rays offer the advantage over electron-based techniques in that they offer high spatial resolution and access to volumetric information within nanostructured materials. This paper describes the basic physics behind strain at the nanoscale and provides a concise summary of the efforts in coherent diffractive imaging for the imaging of the displacement fields in nanocrystals. Although the approach is still under development, with instruments being continuously improved, a number of important results have already been demonstrated.
CoTPP molecules deposited on graphene/Ni (111): Quenching of the antiferromagnetic interaction induced by gold intercalation
Authors: Corradini V. , Candini A. , Klar D. , Biagi R. , De Renzi V. , Lodi Rizzini A. , Cavani N. , del Pennino U. , Wende H. , Otero E. , Affronte M.
Published: March 2019

In this work, we investigated the effect of Au-intercalation on the magnetic coupling between a sub-monolayer of Co-Tetraphenylporphyrin molecules and a graphene-covered Ni(111) single crystal. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, the element-specific magnetization and its field dependence were probed. Cobalt strongly couples antiferromagnetically to the nickel substrate, also through the graphene layer. The intercalation of graphene with gold leads to a complete removal of this coupling.
Flux-flow Josephson oscillator as the broadband tunable terahertz source to open space
Authors: Kinev N. V. , Rudakov K. I. , Filippenko L. V. , Baryshev A. M. , Koshelets V. P.
Published: March 2019

The flux-flow oscillator (FFO) based on a long Josephson junction has been implemented as a broadband tunable terahertz (THz) source to open space. For this purpose, the transmitting slot antenna has been coupled to the oscillator. Additionally, an elliptical lens with a diameter of 10 mm has been matched to the antenna, forming a narrow output beam of the THz emission. Two designs for the antenna, integrated with the oscillator and developed for operation at different frequency ranges of 0.32–0.55 THz and 0.4–0.7 THz, have been investigated. The FFO has been phase locked to an external reference oscillator by utilizing a harmonic mixer. Its linewidth in the phase-locking regime is determined by the phase noise of the reference oscillator and the number of harmonics used and has been measured to be less than 0.1 MHz. A free-running FFO linewidth from about 2 MHz to several MHz, depending on the operating point, has been obtained. Output emission to open space has been measured by a superconducting integrated spectrometer located in a separate cryostat. The FFO operation as an external source with the achieved emission power and spectral characteristics has demonstrated its applicability for different tasks and purposes where tunable THz sources are required.
Molecular discovery of half-metallic one-dimensional metal-organic framework
Authors: Liu Junxian , Kang Jian , Wang Yun
Published: March 2019

The metal-organic framework (MOF) is a large family of nanomaterials with tunable structural and electronic properties. Discovering half-metallic MOF can broaden the selection pool of half-metals for specific applications in the areas of electronics and catalysis. In this study, seven one-dimensional first-row transition metal-dithiolene MOFs have been systematically investigated using the first-principles density functional theory method. Our theoretical outcomes reveal that the electrical conductivities of these MOFs are determined by the electronic configurations of the metal cations. They can change from a semiconductor to a half-metal and further to a metal as the atomic number increases. Among all MOFs we considered, Cr(III)/Mn(III)/Fe(III)/Co(III)-dithiolene MOFs are promising candidates for spintronic applications.
Terahertz radiation generated by shell electrons in the bubble regime via the interaction between an intense laser and underdense plasma
Authors: Qu J. F. , Li X. F. , Liu X. Y. , Liu P. , Song Y. J. , Fu Z. , Yu Q. , Kong Q.
Published: March 2019

Backward terahertz radiation can be produced by a high-intensity laser normally incident upon an underdense plasma. It is found that terahertz radiation is generated by electrons refluxing along the bubble shell. These shell electrons have similar dynamic trajectories and emit similar backward radiations to vacuum. This scheme has been proved through electron dynamic calculations and by using an ionic sphere model. In addition, the bubble shape is found to influence the radiation frequency, and this scheme can be implemented in both uniform and up-ramp density gradient plasma targets. The terahertz radiation may be used for diagnosing the electron bubble shape in the interaction between an intense laser and plasma. All the results are presented via 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
The role of the quadrupolar interaction in the tunneling dynamics of lanthanide molecular magnets
Authors: Taran Gheorghe , Bonet Edgar , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Quantum tunneling dominates the low temperature magnetization dynamics in molecular magnets and presents features that are strongly system dependent. The current discussion is focused on the terbium(III) bis(phtalocyanine) ([TbPc2]−1) complex that should serve as a prototypical case for lanthanide molecular magnets. We analyze numerically the effect of non-axial interactions on the magnitude of the intrinsic tunnel splitting and show that usual suspects like the transverse ligand field and Zeeman interaction fail to explain the experimentally observed dynamics. We then propose through the nuclear quadrupolar interaction a viable mechanism that mixes, otherwise almost degenerate hyperfine states.
Rare event simulation for steady-state probabilities via recurrency cycles
Authors: Bisewski Krzysztof , Crommelin Daan , Mandjes Michel
Published: March 2019

We develop a new algorithm for the estimation of rare event probabilities associated with the steady-state of a Markov stochastic process with continuous state space Rd and discrete time steps (i.e., a discrete-time Rd-valued Markov chain). The algorithm, which we coin Recurrent Multilevel Splitting (RMS), relies on the Markov chain’s underlying recurrent structure, in combination with the Multilevel Splitting method. Extensive simulation experiments are performed, including experiments with a nonlinear stochastic model that has some characteristics of complex climate models. The numerical experiments show that RMS can boost the computational efficiency by several orders of magnitude compared to the Monte Carlo method.