bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probability of Ship Collision during the Fully Submerged Towing Process of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Li Yihong , Liu Longxiang , Li Sunwei , Hu Zhenzhong
Published: December 2023

As global warming intensifies, the development of offshore wind farms is swiftly progressing, especially deep-water floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) capable of energy capture in deep-sea regions, which have emerged as a focal point of both academic and industrial interest. Although numerous researchers have conducted comprehensive and multifaceted studies on various components of wind turbines, less attention has been paid to the operational stage response of FOWTs to wind, waves, and currents, and the reliability of structural components. This study primarily employs theoretical analysis to establish mathematical models under a series of reasonable assumptions, examining the possibility of collisions between FOWT transport fleets and other vessels in the passage area during the towing process. Using the model, this paper takes the Wanning Offshore Floating Wind Farm (FOWF) project, which is scheduled to be deployed in the South China Sea, as the research object and calculates the probability of collisions between FOWTs and other vessels in three time periods from the total assembly pier in Hainan Wanning to the predetermined position 22 km away. The findings of the analysis suggest that the mathematical model has the capability to efficiently determine the frequency of collisions between vessels within the domain and the transport team during the transportation process. This holds substantial relevance for future risk assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation measures in the context of FOWT transportation.
The Study of Radioactive Contaminations within the Production Processes of Metal Titanium for Low-Background Experiments
Authors: Zykova Marina , Voronina Elena , Chepurnov Alexander , Kornilova Maria , Tankeev Alexey , Vlasov Sergey , Chub Alexander , Gangapshev Albert , Gezhaev Ali , Tekueva Dzhamilya , Avetisov Igor
Published: December 2023

Ultra-low radioactive titanium alloy is a promising material for the manufacture of low-background detectors, which are being developed for experiments in astroparticle physics and neutrino astrophysics. Structural titanium is manufactured on an industrial scale from titanium-sponge. The ultra-low-background titanium-sponge can be produced on an industrial scale with a contamination level of less than 1 mBq/kg of uranium and thorium isotopes. The pathways of contaminants during the industrial production of structural titanium have been analyzed. The measurements have been carried out using two methods: inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and gamma-spectroscopy using high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe). It has been shown that the level of contamination with radioactive impurities does not increase during remelting of titanium-sponge and mechanical processing. We examined titanium-alloys samples obtained at different stages of titanium production, namely, an electrode compaction, a vacuum arc remelting with a consumable electrode (VAR), and a cold rolling of titanium-sheets. It has been found out that all studied samples will be a source of uranium and thorium contamination of the final titanium-alloys. It has been established that the only product allowed obtaining ultra-low-background titanium was the VT1-00 which is manufactured without master alloys addition..
Pengaruh Abu Sekam terhadap Populasi dan Serangan Lalat Kacang (Ophiomyia phaseoli) pada Tanaman Kedelai
Authors: Wijaya Norman , Sulistyo Ato , Subagiya Subagiya , Poromarto Susilo Hambeg
Published: December 2023

The bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli) is a major pest of soybean in Indonesia which causes the plants to die early in growth. Most farmers use insecticide synthetics to control this pest. Therefore the alternative control of bean flies is needed to reduce reliance on farmer's usage of chemical pesticides. One of the alternative control is with application of husk ash that has a high silica content. This study examined husk ash to know the effect of husk ash to population and proportion of bean flies attacks. This research conducted in Pengkok Village, Kedawung, Sragen from June - September 2019. The method used was field experiment with a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, namely the dose of husk ash five levels (0 tons ha-1, 1.25 tons ha-1, 2.5 tons ha-1, 3.75 tons ha-1, and 5 tons ha-1) and five replications. The results showed that the application of husk ash not affected significantly on the adults of the bean fly population, but affected significantly the percentage of attacks only in the cotyledons. The application of rice husk ash can reduce the percentage of attack on the cotyledons by 2.11-3.04% than without husk ash application. The number of plant deaths apparently followed the populations of bean flies. Furthermore, the height of soybean with application looked taller than without application.
Produktivitas dan Kandungan Protein Beras Mutan M6 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Benih Padi Varietas Mentik Susu
Authors: Rachmawati Tiwi , Yunus Ahmad , Parjanto Parjanto
Published: December 2023

Mentik Susu is a popular rice germplasm in Indonesia. Due to field constraints in Mentik Susu rice cultivation, farmers switched to better varieties with higher yields. Farmers switch to superior types with high yields due to high plant posture, long harvest life, and low yields. Rice plants usually have a protein content of 4-5% per gram while without given radiation. It will be expected that after receiving gamma rays, the protein content in mutant plants will increase up to 7-8% per gram. The aim of this research was to evaluate the productivity and protein content of rice grain of 35 mutant strains of rices that could be developed into new varieties. The research took place at the Tegalgondo Rice Seed Garden Agricultural Land between June to October 2020. This research used Randomized Complete Block Design method with a single factor. Each treatment was repeated three times. The data obtained was analyzed with analysis of variance and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% level if any significant influences. The results of this research showed productivity of 35 Mentik Susu rice lines ranged from 4.28 to 6.69 ha-1, with either a high protein content ranging from 5-8% per gram and intermediate high yield potential strains G63T11-B6-T27(1), G15T5-14-B5-T60, G15T5-14-B5-T46, G11T22-19-B1-T48, G15T5-14-B3-T36, M-MS2-G15T3-2-5 -T27, M-MS2-G18T7-4-12-T13, M-MS2-G18T7-4-9-T12. These strains might be cultivated as potential candidates for new high-yielding varieties, which would then be evaluated for higher yields or multilocation tests before becoming published as new varieties.
THE EFFECT OF INNOVATION ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE WITH OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Authors:   Airlangga University, Indonesia, Faturachman Dedy
Published: December 2023

An open economy and a supportive environment encourage researchers to research this phenomenon. This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of innovation on firm performance and the moderating role of ownership concentration. This research is quantitative research with an associative explanatory approach. The sample used is 821 observational data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2021. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and moderate regression analysis. The study results show that innovation positively affects company performance; the concentration of ownership in the concentrated ownership strengthens the effect of innovation on company performance.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 23.12.2023 г. по 29.12.2023 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: December 2023

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 23.12.2023 г. по 29.12.2023 г.
Ileo-Ileal Intussusception with Meckel Diverticulum in a Filipino Adolescent
Authors: Pantoja John Nicholas , Madrid Manuelito
Published: December 2023

Intussusception refers to the invagination (telescoping) of a part of the intestine into itself. Intussusception occurs primarily in infants and toddlers.1 The peak incidence is between 4 and 36 months of age, and it is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in this age group. 2 Approximately 1 percent of cases are in infants younger than three months, 30 percent between 3 and 12 months, 20 percent between one and two years, 25 percent between two and three years, and 10 percent between three and four years.3 Although intussusception is most common in infants and young children, it is important to consider this diagnosis in children outside this age range. Approximately 10 percent of cases are in children over five years, and 3 to 4 percent in those over 10 years.3,4 We share here images from an actual case of a 15-year-old Filipino male with an ileo-ileal intussusception that is beyond the typical age range, with an incidental finding of an intraluminal mass that was histomorphologically diagnosed as Meckel’s diverticulum (MD). The diagnosis of intussusception is relatively rare in the patient’s age and the diagnosis of MD in the presence of intussusception is sparsely reported in the Philippines.
Intussusception refers to the invagination (telescoping) of a part of the intestine into itself. Intussusception occurs primarily in infants and toddlers.1 The peak incidence is between 4 and 36 months of age, and it is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in this age group. 2 Approximately 1 percent of cases are in infants younger than three months, 30 percent between 3 and 12 months, 20 percent between one and two years, 25 percent between two and three years, and 10 percent between three and four years.3 Although intussusception is most common in infants and young children, it is important to consider this diagnosis in children outside this age range. Approximately 10 percent of cases are in children over five years, and 3 to 4 percent in those over 10 years.3,4 We share here images from an actual case of a 15-year-old Filipino male with an ileo-ileal intussusception that is beyond the typical age range, with an incidental finding of an intraluminal mass that was histomorphologically diagnosed as Meckel’s diverticulum (MD). The diagnosis of intussusception is relatively rare in the patient’s age and the diagnosis of MD in the presence of intussusception is sparsely reported in the Philippines.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Supply
Authors: Yap Johnmerson , Fedoc-Minguito Ma. Theresa
Published: December 2023

Objective. The study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local blood supply management in the Davao Region, Philippines from 2019 to 2021 through the analysis of trends in blood supply in Davao Region, Philippines.
Methodology. Secondary data from two blood centers in the Davao Region for the years 2019 to 2021 were used to determine the trends on blood donation supply. To evaluate trends, the overall number of blood donors and the quantities of various types of blood components in whole blood, packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFPs) and platelet concentrate have been compared between pre-pandemic, pandemic periods and as restrictions eased.
Results. A substantial decrease of 51.6% in the number of blood donors was seen during 2021 in comparison with 2019. The trend in collection by blood components also showed a significant trend from 2019 to 2021, whole blood (200.8%), packed RBCs (37.1%), fresh frozen plasma (113.6%). While the platelet concentrate supply declined by 34.9% from 2019 to 2020, an increase of 10.7% was noted onwards to 2021.
Conclusion. The results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a major reduction in donation and supply of blood. The challenges faced by blood banks in ensuring a stable and sufficient blood supply are highlighted by the decrease in the number of donors and by the different trends in the supply of blood components. The targeted efforts to promote blood donation and enhance the resilience of the blood supply during and after the pandemic is important.
Ethical Concerns and Recommendations for Sharing Anatomic Pathology Images in Online Social Media Networks
Authors: Olivar Christine Mae
Published: December 2023

Anatomic pathology is a field that relies on visual examination to provide diagnosis. Photos of specimens and microscopic slides play an important role in pathology education. With the internet, sharing and seeing images from different patient cases has become efficient and accessible. However, ethical concerns may be raised since patient images are used for academic purposes in a public setting. Proper de-identification, informed consent and setting professional guidelines for sharing pathology images are suggested.
Needs Assessment for Establishment of Telepathology in the Philippines
Authors: Olivar Christine Mae , Inciong Godofredo II , Fontelo Paul
Published: December 2023

Objective. The Philippines has more than a hundred ten million population with a very limited number of general pathologists and subspecialist pathologists. Consultation of pathologists with other pathologists is important to ensure accurate results for difficult cases. However, pathologists are not always accessible to review slides. Telepathology can provide access to other pathologists by sending microscopic images through the internet. This study explores the needs of pathologists for consultation in their practice that may be aided by telepathology. The status of current pathology practice and subspecialty consultations across the different regions in the Philippines were determined and the readiness of pathologists for telepathology was identified.
Methodology. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using an 18-item online survey questionnaire based on the World Health Organization guidelines on needs assessment for medical devices. The survey was distributed among anatomic pathologists practicing in the Philippines.
Results. One hundred forty (140) pathologists responded and were included in this study. 5-10% of cases of respondents required subspecialty referral. Diagnostically challenging cases and confirmation of malignancy are the most common reasons for consultation. Respondents practicing outside the National Capital Region (NCR) have fewer subspecialist pathologists available for referrals within their region. Turnaround times for signing out challenging cases are longer outside NCR (>7 days) compared to NCR (4-7 days). Most respondents have access to the basic equipment to perform telepathology, which includes, an internet link, a smartphone with high-resolution camera and a computer. Almost all respondents will use telepathology if it is available.
Conclusion. A hub-and-spoke telepathology network can provide access to subspecialty consultation to reduce the diagnostic turnaround time and to increase the accuracy of results for challenging cases. The availability of the minimum telepathology infrastructure and the positive attitude of the pathologists towards telepathology may be indicators of readiness for a local telepathology system in the Philippines.
Efficient inference and learning of a generative model for ENSO predictions from large multi-model datasets
Authors: Groth Andreas , Chavez Erik
Published: December 2023

Historical simulations of global sea-surface temperature (SST) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are analyzed. A state-of-the-art deep learning approach is applied to provide a unified access to the diversity of simulations in the large multi-model dataset in order to go beyond the current technological paradigm of ensemble averaging. Based on the concept of a variational auto-encoder (VAE), a generative model of global SST is proposed in combination with an inference model that aims to solve the problem of determining a joint distribution over the data generating factors. With a focus on the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the performance of the VAE-based approach in simulating various central features of observed ENSO dynamics is demonstrated. A combination of the VAE with a forecasting model is proposed to make predictions about the distribution of global SST and the corresponding future path of the Niño index from the learned latent factors. The proposed ENSO emulator is compared with historical observations and proves particularly skillful at reproducing various aspects of observed ENSO asymmetry between the two phases of warm El Niño and cold La Niña. A relationship between ENSO asymmetry and ENSO predictability is identified in the ENSO emulator, which improves the prediction of the simulated Niño index in a number of CMIP5 models.
The Practice of Livelihood Diversification in Rural Bale Zone: The Case of Sinana District, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Berhanu , Kerorsa Gemechu
Published: December 2023

Rural households diversify their activities into non-farm and off-farm activities. This study, mainly strives to Analyze the practice of livelihood diversification in rural Bale Zone; the case of Sinana District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Primary data was gathered using structured survey questionnaires that carried out by well-trained enumerators and supervisors. Using multistage sampling design a total sample of 335 households were selected. Double hurdle model was used to identify factors affecting decision and extent of participation in livelihood diversification. The results suggested that education of house hold head, household size, distance to nearest market, oxen owned, access to credit, access to training and total annual income were found to be significant in influencing household’s livelihood diversification decision. Moreover, age of household head, sex of household head, education of household head, community based organization membership, access to mass media, access to training, landholding size, and climate shock were found to be significant in influencing extent livelihood diversification. Finally the study has concluded that the households in the study area are likely to have a diversified livelihood when they have higher annual income, educational level, proximity to nearest market, access to training and access to credit facilities. Moreover once households decide to participate in livelihood diversification activities, the extent of livelihood diversification gets boosted when there is higher educational level, access to mass media, access to training and community based organization membership. Therefore, the government is recommended to build human capital through education, skills and training opportunities to motivate rural households to engage in livelihood diversification.
Treatment of Immediate Arteriovenous Dialysis Graft Failure Using Ultrasound Guided-Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Yanlin , Huang Sifeng , Chen Bo , Wan Ziming
Published: December 2023

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) placement is recommended for hemodialysis patients whose vascular condition would not support arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement. However, the primary failure rate for AVG is lower than that of AVF, and immediate failure of AVG is seen infrequently. Thrombolysis is contraindicated for early graft thrombosis. Surgical thrombectomy can be attempted, but early thrombosis frequently is unsalvageable, requiring creation of new access for dialysis. Moreover, salvaged AVGs may not mature properly and be able to be used. Here we report the case of a patient whose AVG suffered immediate failure 24 hours after its creation, and was left unused for three months and abandoned. Ultrasonographic examination identified severe stenosis at the site of venous-graft anastomosis, and intra-graft stenosis with absent blood flow throughout the graft. Blood flow was restored in the AVG using ultrasound guided-percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The AVG maintained good patency for six months, which was similar to the primary patency rate of successful AVGs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of immediate AVG failure being successfully treated by intervention.
Behavioural and neurodevelopmental characteristics of SYNGAP1
Authors: Bednarczuk Nadja , Housby Harriet , Lee Irene , Consortium IMAGINE , Skuse David , Wolstencroft Jeanne
Published: December 2023

Background
SYNGAP1 variants are associated with varying degrees of intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), epilepsy, autism, and behavioural difficulties. These features may also be observed in other monogenic conditions. There is a need to systematically compare the characteristics of SYNGAP1 with other monogenic causes of ID and DD to identify features unique to the SYNAGP1 phenotype. We aimed to contrast the neurodevelopmental and behavioural phenotype of children with SYNGAP1-related ID (SYNGAP1-ID) to children with other monogenic conditions and a matched degree of ID.
Methods
Participants were identified from the IMAGINE-ID study, a UK-based, national cohort study of neuropsychiatric risk in children with ID of known genetic origin. Thirteen children with SYNGAP1 variants (age 4–16 years; 85% female) were matched (2:1) with 26 controls with other monogenic causes of ID for chronological and mental age, sex, socio-economic deprivation, adaptive behaviour, and physical health difficulties. Caregivers completed the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) and a physical health questionnaire.
Results
Our results demonstrate that seizures affected children with SYNGAP1-ID (84.6%) more frequently than the ID-comparison group (7.6%; p = < 0.001). Fine-motor development was disproportionally impaired in SYNGAP1-ID, with 92.3% of children experiencing difficulties compared to 50% of ID-comparisons (p = 0.03). Gross motor and social development did not differ between the two groups. Children with SYNGAP1-ID were more likely to be non-verbal (61.5%) than ID-comparisons (23.1%; p = 0.01). Those children able to speak, spoke their first words at the same age as the ID-comparison group (mean = 3.25 years), yet achieved lower language competency (p = 0.04). Children with SYNGAP1-ID compared to the ID-comparison group were not more likely to meet criteria for autism (SYNGAP1-ID = 46.2%; ID-comparison = 30.7%; p = .35), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (15.4%;15.4%; p = 1), generalised anxiety (7.7%;15.4%; p = .49) or oppositional defiant disorder (7.7%;0%; p = .15).
Conclusion
For the first time, we demonstrate that SYNGAP1-ID is associated with fine motor and language difficulties beyond those experienced by children with other genetic causes of DD and ID. Targeted occupational and speech and language therapies should be incorporated early into SYNGAP1-ID management.
Establishment of A Novel Protocol for Assessing the Severity of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Circle Willis Perforation Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Rui , Khan Dilaware , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: December 2023

The Circle of Willis perforation (cWp) mouse model is a key tool in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) research; however, inconsistent bleeding volumes can challenge experimental reliability. To address this issue, we introduced the ROB Scoring System, a novel protocol integrating Rotarod Tests (RT), Open-field Tests (OT) video analysis, and daily Body Weight Loss (BWL) monitoring to precisely categorize SAH severity. Forty C57BL/6 mice underwent cWp induction, categorized by ROB into severity subgroups (severe, moderate, mild). Validation compared ROB outcomes with autopsy results on postoperative days 3 and 7 for acute and sub-acute evaluations. Mortality rates were analyzed via the survival log-rank test, revealing a significant difference among severity groups (P < 0.0001). Strong correlations between ROB grades and autopsy findings underscored its precision. Notably, the severe group exhibited 100% mortality within 4 days post-SAH onset. Individual parameters (RT, OT, BWL) were insufficient for distinguishing SAH severity levels. The ROB Scoring System represents a significant advancement, offering precise categorization and addressing inherent bleeding variations in the cWp mouse model. This standardized protocol enhances the reliability and effectiveness of SAH research, providing a valuable tool for future investigations into this critical.
Fostering Learning at Home: Examining Parental Involvement in Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ntitima Christine , Mwaba Beatrice
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study was to assess parental involvement in educating their children during Covid-19 pandemic at Nakambala Private School and Mukuyu Primary School in Mazabuka District, Zambia. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire and interviews from parents and learners. The sample size of the study was one hundred (100) parents and ten (10) learners from selected basic schools in Mazabuka district giving a total of 110 participants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the sample criteria being parents who have children at Nakambala Private School and Mukuyu Primary School. Random sampling was also used to select parents and students to be interviewed for the study. The findings of the study were that a good number of parents with children from Nakambala Private School situated in Mazabuka Urban and Mukuyu Primary situated in Mazabuka rural of Mazabuka district were involved in ensuring that their children receive education during Covid-19 pandemic by helping their children with school work at home and providing facilities in the form of mobile phones and Internet service coverage during online learning. The results also showed that parents interacted with their children by spending quality time teaching their children and helping in doing school work. Parents faced challenges in ensuring that their children continue receiving quality education during Covid-19 pandemic. These were: lack or limited access to internet and the poor internet connection in the area, inadequate time to be with the children because of busy schedule, balancing responsibilities, lack of smart phones, and challenges in sourcing for data bundles. It is recommended that parents get prepared in advance by acquiring smart phones and balancing responsibilities in case the pandemic resurface in future. The study also recommend that network providers to improve in the provision of internet in rural areas so that people in rural areas have quality access to internet, and also teachers to develop their own hybrid model of teaching and learning suited to specific educational needs in times of Covid-19 pandemic.
Co-design workshops to develop evidence synthesis summary formats for use by clinical guideline development groups
Authors: Murray Ruairi , Magendran Erindaa , Chander Neya , Lynch Rosarie , O’Neill Michelle , Devane Declan , Smith Susan M. , Mahtani Kamal , Ryan Máirín , Clyne Barbara , Sharp Melissa K
Published: December 2023

Background: Evidence synthesis is used by decision-makers in various ways, such as developing evidence-based recommendations for clinical guidelines. Clinical guideline development groups (GDGs) typically discuss evidence synthesis findings in a multidisciplinary group, including patients, healthcare providers, policymakers, etc. A recent mixed methods systematic review (MMSR) identified no gold standard format for optimally presenting evidence synthesis findings to these groups. However, it provided 94 recommendations to help produce more effective summary formats for general evidence syntheses (e.g., systematic reviews). To refine the MMSR recommendations to create more actionable guidance for summary producers, we aimed to explore these 94 recommendations with participants involved in evidence synthesis and guideline development.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study using online focus group workshops in February and March 2023. These groups used a participatory co-design approach with interactive voting activities to identify preferences for a summary format's essential content and style. We created a topic guide focused on recommendations from the MMSR with mixed methods support, ≥3 supporting studies, and those prioritised by an expert advisory group via a pragmatic prioritisation exercise using the MoSCoW method (Must, Should, Could, and Will not haves). Eligible participants must be/have been involved in GDGs and/or evidence synthesis. Groups were recorded and transcribed. Two independent researchers analysed transcripts using directed content analysis with 94 pre-defined codes from the MMSR.
Results: Thirty individuals participated in six focus groups. We coded 79 of the 94 pre-defined codes. Participants suggested a “less is more” structured approach that minimises methodological steps and statistical data, promoting accessibility to all audiences by judicious use of links to further information in the full report. They emphasised concise, consistently-presented formats which highlight key messages, flag readers to indicators of trust in the producers (i.e., logos, websites, and conflict of interest statements), and highlight the certainty of evidence (without extenuating details).
Conclusions: This study identified guidance based on the preferences of guideline developers and evidence synthesis producers about the format of evidence synthesis summaries to support decision-making. Next steps involve developing and user-testing prototype formats through one-on-one semi-structured interviews to optimise evidence synthesis summaries and support decision-making.
Accuracy of Inferences About the Reproductive Number and Superspreading Potential of SARS-CoV-2 with Incomplete Contact Tracing Data
Authors: Bayly Henry , Mei Winnie , Egeren Debra , Stoddard Madison , Chakravarty Arijit , White Laura F
Published: December 2023

The basic reproductive number (R0) and superspreading potential (k) are key epidemiological parameters that inform our understanding of a disease’s transmission. Often these values are estimated using the data obtained from contact tracing studies. Here we performed a simulation study to understand how incomplete data due to preferential contact tracing impacted the accuracy and inferences about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Our results indicate that as the number of positive contacts traced decreases, our estimates of R0 tend to decrease and our estimates of ktend to increase. Notably, when there are large amounts of positive contacts missed in the tracing process, we can conclude that there is no indication of superspreading even if we know there is. The results of this study highlight the need for a unified public health response to transmissible diseases.
Enhanced skeletal muscle fatigue tolerance through cell transplantation-mediated dystrophin supplementation in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Yoshioka Clémence Kiho Bourgeois , Takenaka-Ninagawa Nana , Goto Megumi , Miki Mayuho , Watanabe Daiki , Yamamoto Masamichi , Aoyama Tomoki , Sakurai Hidetoshi
Published: December 2023

Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable neuromuscular disease leading to progressive skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. Cell transplantation in murine models have shown promise in supplementing the lack of the dystrophin protein in DMD muscles. However, the establishment of novel, long-term, relevant methods is needed to assess its efficiency on the DMD motor function. By applying newly developed methods, this study aimed to evaluate the functional and molecular effects of cell therapy-mediated dystrophin supplementation on DMD muscles.
Methods
Dystrophin was supplemented in the gastrocnemius of a 5-week-old immunodeficient DMD mouse model (Dmd-null/NSG) by intramuscular xenotransplantation of healthy human immortalized myoblasts (Hu5/KD3). A long-term time-course comparative study was conducted between wild-type, untreated DMD, and dystrophin supplemented-DMD mouse muscle functions and histology. A novel GO-ATeam2 transgenic DMD mouse model was also generated to assess in vivo real-time ATP levels in gastrocnemius muscles during repeated contractions.
Results
We found that 10.6% dystrophin supplementation in DMD muscles was sufficient to prevent low values of gastrocnemius maximal isometric contraction torque (MCT) at rest, while muscle fatigue tolerance, assessed by MCT decline after treadmill running, was fully ameliorated in 21-week-old transplanted mice. None of the dystrophin-supplemented fibers were positive for muscle damage markers after treadmill running, with 85.5% demonstrating the utilization of oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, ATP levels in response to repeated muscle contractions tended to improve, and mitochondrial activity was significantly enhanced in dystrophin supplemented-fibers.
Conclusions
Cell therapy-mediated dystrophin supplementation efficiently improved DMD muscle functions, as evaluated using newly developed evaluation methods. The enhanced muscle fatigue tolerance in 21-week-old mice was associated with the preferential regeneration of damage-resistant and oxidative fibers, highlighting increased mitochondrial activity, after cell transplantation. These findings significantly contribute to a more in-depth understanding of DMD pathogenesis.
Impact of bacterial leaf blight disease ( Pantoea agglomerans ) on forage yield and feeding value of oat
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Zhang Ruochen , Chen Taixiang , Wei Xuekai , Kamran Malik , White James F , Zhao Guiqin , Li Chunjie
Published: December 2023

From 2018 to 2019, bacterial leaf blight disease (LBD) caused by Pantoea agglomerans was observed on the leaves of oat (Avena sativa L.) in Northwest China, and diseased oat often showed yellow-colored necrotic symptoms on the leaves. This is a new bacterial disease of oat in China. In this study, greenhouse experiments were conducted to explore the effect of LBD (P. agglomerans) on forage yield and feeding value of Avena sativa [Baiyan 2 (B2)] and A. nuda [Baiyan 7 (B7)]. The results revealed that effective tillers, plant height, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, fresh-dry ratio, crude ash, crude protein, ether extract, soluble carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake and relative feed value of B2 and B7 were all significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by LBD. Hay yield of oat was reduced 1.38 to 23.48%, and relative feed value was decreased 1.01 to 26.24% by LBD. In contrast, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen free extract of B2 and B7 were significantly (P < 0.05) increased after inoculation of P. agglomerans. Moreover, B7 had a higher forage yield and relative feed value than B2 under inoculation and non-inoculation of P. agglomerans. LBD (P. agglomerans) has negative influences on growth, forage yield and feeding value of oat, and these negative effects are enhanced with increase of LBD severity.
Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks related to Cenozoic episodic magmatism during Neo-Tethyan subduction, Tarom–Hashtjin Belt, NW Iran
Authors: Torkian Ashraf , Furman Tanya , Fazel Ebrahim Tale , Ajalli Nayer
Published: December 2023

The Eocene Rasht-Abad volcanic rocks are located in the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt (including the Tarom-Hashtjin province) of NW Iran. These are mainly mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks with calc-alkaline affinities, comprising andesite, andesite-basalt, trachy-andesite, and dacite. Clinopyroxene ranging in composition from diopside to augite is the most significant mafic mineral of the basic rocks. Aluminum partitioning between tetrahedral and octahedral sites shows that the mineral crystalized at low pressure. Ferric iron of clinopyroxene also indicates high oxygen fugacity of the host magma crystallization environment. Geothermobarometry using clinopyroxene constrains the crystallization temperature and pressure of this mineral as 1100–1200°C and 3-7.5 kbar. Ce/Pb values of the mafic lavas are lower than values expected for mantle-derived melts but do not support crustal contamination. Co-existing basalt to trachyandesite lavas display parallel and tight REE patterns that suggest these rocks originated from a common mantle source or parental magma. Tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams and mineral compositions are consistent with the host volcanic rocks having the characteristics of continental margin arcs. Geochemical data are consistent with the parental magma of mafic-intermediate rocks of Rasht-Abad area being derived from a typical subcontinental lithospheric mantle which was enriched by subducted slab-derived fluids and melts during tectonic events in the active continental margin. The data support a model of Eocene flare-up magmatism associated with rollback of a flattened slab.
Control of Mal secco disease in lemon by drip irrigation of fungicide
Authors: Ezra‬‏ ‪David , Ovadia Amos
Published: December 2023

The ‘mal secco’ disease of citrus is caused by the mitosporic ascomycete fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus (formerly Phoma tracheiphilus (Petri)). Mal secco of citrus is a highly destructive vascular disease of lemon and other citrus, presently confined to the Mediterranean basin, which has a relevant economic impact on the citrus industry. The fungal pathogen infects the host tree by penetrating through wounds in the roots or the canopy. Canopy infection spreads quickly into the main branches and trunk and tree mortality usually occurs. The most typical symptoms are venial chlorosis, leaf wilt, red coloration of the xylem and die back of twigs and branches. Current acceptable control of the disease is mainly by sanitation of infected wood, and cooper application during the winter, to prevent germinating spores from infecting the plant. No effective chemical control was reported for the control of the disease. Here we report the development of a drip irrigation protocol for the protection of trees and the control of the disease by applying Futriafol 125 gr/liter, five times during the year. The progress of the disease symptoms in the treated trees is inhibited dramatically allowing the sanitation process to become easier, significantly shorter to perform, and cheaper than in untreated trees. The longer the orchard is treated, the less symptoms of the disease are diagnosed in the trees. We have treated orchards for more than six years and established a commercial protocol for the growers, helping them to control the disease.
Spatiotemporal variation and scenario projections of heat wave during 1961-2100 in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Si Wenyang , Wu Zhitao , Du ZiQiang , Liang HanXue , Lei tianjie , Sun Bin
Published: December 2023

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of heat wave (HW) is vital for both natural systems and human populations. Given the Loess Plateau's sensitivity to extreme events due to its fragile ecological environment, it is imperative to study the spatiotemporal variability of HW. This research utilized instrumental measurements, climate model data, atmospheric circulation data, and heat wave metrics to comprehensively analyze past and future HW variations and their drivers in the Loess Plateau. From 1961 to 2019, the metrics for daytime heat wave(DHW) and nighttime heat wave(NHW) were as follows: duration (9.28/9.72 days), frequency (1.34/1.4 times, mean intensity (6.24/4.69°C), maximum intensity (7.83/6.05°C), and cumulative heat (44.45/32.63°Cd). All metrics displayed an increasing trend. Geographically, the northern Loess Plateau exhibited the highest intensity and cumulative heat, whereas the southern region experienced longer heat wave. The solar flux index, western Pacific subtropical high area index, and western Pacific subtropical high intensity index were identified as the primary factors influencing HW in the Loess Plateau. By the end of the 21st century, both the duration and cumulative heat of HW are projected to rise significantly. NHW, in particular, will see extended durations and greater cumulative heat compared to DHW.
Influence of Non-linear Diffusion Controlled Phenomena on the Sorption Capability of PEO-Salt-SiO2 composite electrolyte: A Study on Property Optimization
Authors: Das Anamika , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Mishra Shweta , Biswas Satarupa , Mukherjee Moumita , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita
Published: December 2023

The present research, reports the hygrothermal behaviour of poly[ethylene oxide] (PEO) based composite film (500 and1000 µm) containing NH4I and KBr (5–20%) as the mobile phase and non-reactive silica (15wt %) as the filler. These are termed as PK/NSiO2-series for solvent sorbed and (PK/NSiO2)NS for non-swelled film. The novelty of the research lies in the analyses of non-Fickian solvent diffusion trait of films using python programming. The presence of ions and its variable polarizable nature is found to influence the number density of bonded and free solvent content along with the extend of cross linkage. Introduction of silica is found to enhance the ionic conductivity (about one order higher) of the film irrespective of the type of charge carrier owing to the improved dispersion within the matrix. Non-Fickian diffusion is found to influence the ionic conductivity of P2K20SiO2 (10− 5Scm− 1 to 10− 2 Scm− 1) minimizing the endurance to 0.2%ΔC/1000h (> 1%ΔC/1000h, tested for 2000 h) compared to P2N20NSiO2. In contrast, ion migration in P2NSiO2 is guided by Rice and Roth model and being more polarizable ions, the mobility is significant which maximizes the conductivity to ~ 101 Scm− 1. Microstructural study shows heterogenous nucleation to be more pronounced upon addition of silica filler wherein the homogeneity, inter fibrillar interaction and grain growth of spherulites is higher. This tends to extend amorphous regions thereby propagating the ion migration path. The influence of sorption process is studied in terms of electrochemical impedance, dielectric analyses and long term cyclability (20000 h) in terms of loss tangent.
Nav-Q: Quantum Deep Reinforcement Learning for Collision-Free Navigation of Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Sinha Akash , Macaluso Antonio , Klusch Matthias
Published: December 2023

The task of collision-free navigation (CFN) of self-driving cars is an NP-hard problem usually tackled using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While DRL methods have proven to be effective, their implementation requires substantial computing resources and extended training periods to develop a robust agent. On the other hand, quantum reinforcement learning has recently demonstrated faster convergence and improved stability in simple, non-real-world environments.
In this work, we propose Nav-Q, the first quantum-supported DRL algorithm for CFN of self-driving cars, that leverages quantum computation for improving the training performance without the requirement for onboard quantum hardware. Nav-Q is based on the actor-critic approach, where the critic is implemented using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm suitable for near-term quantum devices. We assess the performance of Nav-Q using the CARLA driving simulator, a de facto standard benchmark for evaluating state-of-the-art DRL methods. Our empirical evaluations showcase that Nav-Q surpasses its classical counterpart in terms of training stability and, in certain instances, with respect to the convergence rate. Furthermore, we assess Nav-Q in relation to effective dimension, unveiling that the incorporation of a quantum component results in a model with greater descriptive power compared to classical baselines. Finally, we evaluate the performance of Nav-Q using noisy quantum simulation, observing that the quantum noise deteriorates the training performances but enhances the exploratory tendencies of the agent during training.
Knowledge mapping of cell therapy in rheumatoid arthritis disease: a bibliometric analysis (2003-2023)
Authors: He Xiaoyao , Mi Liangyu , Ji Yuli , Zhao Miaomiao , Hu Yuting , Gao Yanan , Qiu Lixia , Xu Ke
Published: December 2023

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease characterized by persistent synovitis and systemic inflammation of the joints. Cell therapy, a cellular drug delivery therapy based on the control of immune dysregulation, inflammatory cytokine production, and overall systemic inflammation, is expected to reverse the process of joint destruction when applied to RA. Based on this, the field of cell therapy applied to RA treatment has been gaining attention in recent years and many results have been achieved. Bibliometric analysis can provide insight into the development of a field. This study aims to provide an overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of cell therapy in RA through bibliometrics.
Method:
The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used to search the literature on cellular therapies related to RA between 2003 and 2023. VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrics" were used to perform the bibliometric analysis.
Results:
This article includes 9341 articles from 107 countries, mainly from China and the United States. Fluctuating growth in the number of articles published on cell therapy applied to RA. The University of Amsterdam, Harvard University, Karolinska Institutet, and Stanford University are the main research institutions. The journal Arthritis Research & Therapy is the most popular journal in the field, and the journal Annals of Rheumatic Diseases is the most frequently cited. 44914 authors have published in this field, including more collaborative publications; Tak and Emery have published several papers, while Arnett Fc is the author of most frequently cited paper. The University of Amsterdam has been extensively involved in the publication of papers on this topic. France scientists have published fewer relevant papers as corresponding authors, but have been extensively involved in the investigation of this topic. The thematic analysis identified five research themes. The themes relate to monoclonal antibody therapy, tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor therapy, gene and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, targeted immune cell and cytokine therapy, conventional therapy and novel therapy.
Conclusion:
This article is the first bibliometric study that comprehensively summarizes the research trends and their developments in the application of cell therapy to the treatment of RA. The content includes recent research results and hot directions in the field, providing reference information for scholars studying cell therapy and RA.