bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC TÍNH CỦA MẪU BỆNH PHẨM THÔNG QUA CÁC CHỈ SỐ HUYẾT THANH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ
Authors: Trần Thị Thu Thảo , Phan Minh Tài , Nguyễn Như Ngân , Nguyễn Thị Bảo Trâm , Phan Thị Quế Chân , Lê Công Trứ
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Giai đoạn trước xét nghiệm có tỷ lệ sai số cao nhất, trong đó có nguyên nhân do tan máu, tăng bilirubin và mỡ máu cao trong mẫu bệnh phẩm. Mặc dù khoa học kỹ thuật đã có nhiều tiến bộ, việc thiết lập ngưỡng cảnh báo và thống nhất quy trình xử lý vẫn là thách thức lớn. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Khảo sát đặc tính của mẫu bệnh phẩm thông qua các chỉ số huyết thanh tại Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trên 1299 mẫu bệnh phẩm và kỹ thuật thực hiện trên hệ thống máy tự động Abbott Architect Ci8200 nhằm mục đích xác định chỉ số tán huyết (H), chỉ số huyết thanh vàng (I) và chỉ số độ đục lipid máu (L) của huyết thanh. Kết quả: Sau nghiên cứu, phát hiện có 4,62% trường hợp có chỉ số H nằm trong khoảng từ 30 – 99 mg/dL, 1,85% trường hợp có chỉ số I nằm trong khoảng 2.0 – 3.9 mg/dL và 0.46% trường hợp có chí số L nằm trong khoảng 50 – 99 mg/dL, đây là những chỉ số bất thường gây nhiều của mẫu huyết thanh dẫn đến kết quả xét nghiệm thiếu đi tính chính xác. Kết luận: Việc nhận biết các yếu tố gây nhiễu trước khi phân tích đã loại bỏ hầu hết các mẫu có ảnh hưởng lớn đến kết quả xét nghiệm từ đó làm giảm sai số của kết quả xét nghiệm giúp cho việc chẩn đoán và điều trị của lâm sàng trở nên chính xác hơn. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn tỷ lệ mẫu huyết thanh có ảnh hưởng lớn đến kết quả xét nghiệm không bị loại bỏ.
KHẢO SÁT TÁC ĐỘNG SỚM CỦA GIÁC HƠI ĐỐI VỚI NHỊP TIM, BIẾN THIÊN TẦN SỐ TIM, HUYẾT ÁP, ĐỘ BÃO HÒA OXY MÁU VÀ NHIỆT ĐỘ DA TRÊN TÌNH NGUYỆN VIÊN KHỎE MẠNH
Authors: Võ Trọng Tuân , Dương Thị Ngọc Lan , Nguyễn Thị Như Quỳnh , Hạ Chí Lộc
Published: October 2024

Mục đích: Khảo sát tác động sớm của giác hơi đối với nhịp tim, biến thiên tần số tim, huyết áp, độ bão hòa oxy máu và nhiệt độ da trên tình nguyện viên khỏe mạnh. Đối tượng và phương pháp: nghiên cứu thí điểm được thực hiện trên 60 tình nguyện khỏe mạnh từ tháng 08/2023 đến 08/2024. Mỗi nhóm 30 người, thực hiện giác hơi thời gian 5 phút tại 5 vị trí Đại Chùy, Phế Du (2 bên), Cách Du (2 bên), gồm 2 nhóm. Nhóm A (nhóm giác lửa): sử dụng giác hơi bằng lửa, nhóm B (nhóm giác chân không): sử dụng giác hơi bằng hút chân không. trong Dữ liệu thu thập các đặc điểm sinh lý cơ bản trên người khỏe mạnh gồm: nhịp tim, huyết áp, SpO2, các chỉ số biến thiên nhịp tim và nhiệt độ da. Kết quả: Nhịp tim, huyết áp tâm thu, huyết áp tâm trương giảm ở cả 2 nhóm sau giác. SpO2 ở nhóm giác lửa tăng 0,09 trong khi nhóm giác chân không giảm 0,32. Nhiệt độ da nhóm giác lửa (0.79°C) tăng nhiều hơn nhóm giác chân không (0.38°C), khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê.  Kết luận: Giác chân không và giác lửa trong thời gian 5 phút không có sự khác biệt rõ rệt về các đặc điểm sinh lý cơ bản. Bước đầu cho thấy trong thời gian 5 phút có sự chênh lệch nhiệt độ, tăng nhiều ở nhóm giác lửa, tuy nhiên chưa có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê.
MỐI TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA NỒNG ĐỘ CỦA MỘT SỐ CYTOKINE, KHÁNG THỂ VÀ MỨC ĐỘ HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA VIÊM KHỚP DẠNG THẤP
Authors: Lưu Văn Ái
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Nồng độ các cytokine huyết thanh và mối liên hệ của chúng với mức độ hoạt động của bệnh viêm khớp dạng thấp đã và đang trở thành chủ đề của nhiều nghiên cứu trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên, dữ liệu về vấn đề này còn khan hiếm tại Việt Nam. Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá mối tương quan giữa nồng độ một số cytokine với chỉ số DAS28 và VAS ở bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến hành trên 62 bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp được chẩn đoán và điều trị tại khoa Nội Cơ Xương khớp, Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ tháng 4/2023 đến tháng 1/2024. Kết quả: Quần thể bệnh nhân tham gia nghiên cứu có tuổi trung bình là 56,7 ± 9,8, tỷ lệ nam/nữ xấp xỉ 1/4. Kết quả cho thấy nồng độ các cytokine và kháng thể được khảo sát đều tăng cao. Điểm VAS, điểm DAS28 và nồng độ CRP trung bình lần lượt là 36,71 ± 16,12; 7,17 ± 0,89 và 63,28 ± 60,48 mg/L thể hiện mức độ hoạt động trung bình - nặng của bệnh viêm khớp dạng thấp. Phân tích tương quan Spearman cho thấy IL-1α, IL-4, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α và RF tương quan thuận với điểm DAS28 (p < 0,05). Trong đó, IL-1α, IL-4 và IFN-γ thể hiện mối tương quan trung bình (r: 0,378; 0,309 và 0,308), VEGF, TNF-α và RF thể hiện mối tương quan yếu (r: là 0,243; 0,268 và 0,236). Đối với điểm VAS, chỉ IL-1α, IL-4 và IFN-γ cho thấy mối tương quan thuận mức độ trung bình (r: 0,331; 0,314 và 0,300; p < 0,01). Kết luận: Phát hiện chính của nghiên cứu chỉ ra trong bối cảnh bệnh hoạt động trung bình - mạnh, một số dấu ấu cytokine có mối tương quan thuận đáng kể với điểm VAS và điểm DAS28 bao gồm IL-1α, IL-4 và IFN-γ. Đồng thời, VEGF, TNF-α và RF cũng thể hiện mối tương quan yếu với điểm DAS28.
THỰC TRẠNG CẤP CỨU BỆNH NHÂN VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN TIẾP NHẬN, PHÂN LOẠI VÀ XỬ TRÍ CẤP CỨU TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THỊ XÃ BÌNH MINH NĂM 2023
Authors: Lê Minh Tâm , Dương Phúc Lam
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Cấp cứu thường được dùng để chỉ các tình trạng bệnh lý nội, ngoại khoa cần được đánh giá và điều trị ngay. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ bệnh nhân được cấp cứu đúng và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến tiếp nhận, phân loại và xử trí cấp cứu theo quy trình kỹ thuật tại Trung tâm Y tế thị xã Bình Minh năm 2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Sử dụng phương pháp cắt ngang mô tả có phân tích trên cỡ mẫu là 242 bệnh nhân tại Trung tâm Y tế thị xã Bình Minh. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ cấp cứu bệnh nhân đúng theo quy trình kỹ thuật chiếm 53,3%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến tiếp nhận, phân loại và xử trí cấp cứu theo quy trình kỹ thuật gồm nơi sơ cứu ban đầu; sự phối hợp giữa bệnh nhân và nhân viên y tế; nhân viên y tế được tập huấn quy trình tiếp nhận và xử trí cấp cứu; nhân viên y tế được tập huấn quy trình kỹ thuật cấp cứu; điều dưỡng được đào tạo về chuyên khoa hồi sức cấp cứu; bác sĩ được đào tạo về chuyên khoa hồi sức cấp cứu; đủ thuốc, vật tư y tế, trang thiết bị dùng cho cấp cứu và nhân viên y tế sử dụng thành thạo trang thiết bị trong cấp cứu. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ cấp cứu bệnh nhân đúng theo quy trình kỹ thuật chiếm 53,3%. Cần thiết thực hiện ngay các giải pháp cải thiện phù hợp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả cấp cứu bệnh nhân để người bệnh được tiếp cận và xử trí hơn, trong đó chú trọng vấn đề đạo tạo nâng cao trình độ chuyên môn cho đội ngũ nhân viên y tế trong thời gian tới.
The role of language and culture in conceptualization of climate change
Authors: Ndiritu Nelson
Published: October 2024

Climate change communication often occurs in multicultural settings using certain common lingua francas to reach the wide diversity of the linguistic groups that inhabit the globe. The effectiveness of these languages is subject to the diverse cultural contexts of those involved. Different cultural contexts could give rise to various conceptualisations of climate change-related phenomena and, hence, different responses to this pressing global issue. This could have implications for the success of the efforts to grapple with the problems arising from climate change. The paper ponders the question: How do culturally situated meanings of climate factors affect the supposed common understanding of climate change concerns? It reviews literature on culture and communication and samples adages from six languages spoken in Africa and the West. The paper applies insights from the Neo-Whorfian hypothesis to examine the communication barriers in cross-cultural communication. The analysis of the sayings reveals multiple opposing culture-based values on climate issues. This leads to the conclusion that the great diversity of the cultural groups involved, as well as their unique viewpoints on climate causes, pose a substantial obstacle to communication about climate change. This militates against the development of a common understanding of the climate change problem and the quest for solutions. It recommends that culture-specific values and intercultural training be taken into account if a truly common understanding of the climate change phenomenon and its solutions is to be developed.
SE ESPECIALIZE COMO UMA GAROTA: A PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA
Authors: de Andrade Cíntia Cristiane , Klosowski de Paula Larissa
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em realizar um levantamento quantitativo do percentual de mulheres que se especializaram em Educação Matemática no estado do Paraná dos anos 2000 em diante. Para tanto, primeiramente foram realizadas as pesquisas nos sites dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática das universidades públicas paranaenses, como forma de coleta de dados. Em seguida, esses dados foram estruturados em quadros, analisados e catalogados no texto que segue. Para dialogar com a análise de dados, foram utilizados alguns referenciais teóricos que também discutem a temática ora analisada, tais como Silva e Sousa (2022), Nunes (2021), Lisboa (2020) e Fernandes (2024). Notou-se um quantitativo significativo de mulheres nesta modalidade de pós-graduação de modo que, considera-se, isso pode representar um ponto positivo na luta das mulheres pela especialização em matemática.
A CULTURA MAKER NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Pereira Martins Denis , de Oliveira e Silva do Nascimento Raquel
Published: October 2024

Este artigo explora a Educação Maker, uma abordagem educacional que incentiva o "aprender fazendo", destacando o estudante como criador ativo no processo de aprendizado. Baseada no movimento maker e apoiada pelo construtivismo de Piaget e o construcionismo de Papert, valoriza a experimentação e inovação. No Brasil, a implementação cresce com salas makers em escolas, permitindo o desenvolvimento de habilidades práticas e criativas. Embora desafios como infraestrutura e capacitação de professores existam, políticas públicas e parcerias podem superar essas barreiras. A Educação Maker, alinhada à BNCC, promove pensamento crítico, criatividade e colaboração, preparando cidadãos para o futuro.
Derechos humanos ; La situación económica ; Posiciones y valoraciones político-militares
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 429-430, 1984: 599-626.
La metodología del metaanálisis como revisión sistemática y cuantitativa en investigación
Authors: Ascuy Mariela
Published: October 2024

El metaanálisis se ha convertido en una herramienta vital en la investigación médica científica. La metodología implica la síntesis cuantitativa de la evidencia acumulada sobre una pregunta de investigación previamente definida1. Básicamente reduce resultados de diferentes estudios empíricos sobre el efecto de una variable independiente, sea de intervención o tratamiento, en un resultado final preciso2, además, la objetividad y la replicabilidad son características del metaanálisis. Una revisión sistemática es un tipo de investigación secundaria que es esencialmente una investigación sobre lo investigado con un enfoque sistemático para reducir el sesgo y el error aleatorio, donde la unidad de análisis es el estudio original primario.
Factors Associated with Drug Abuse among Adolescents; A Cross-Sectional Study in Army Day Secondary School Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria.
Authors: Saidu Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background: Drug abuse and use are substantial public health concerns, particularly among adolescents, who are frequently put at risk due to their curiosity, resulting in negative behavioral, physical, social, and economic repercussions. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the prevalence and associated determinants of drug abuse and use (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) among school-age adolescents in a statewide sample from northern Nigeria. This study looked into the factors that contribute to drug abuse and use, as well as their impact on school-aged adolescents at Army Day Secondary School in Birnin-Kebbi, Nigeria. Methods: Data for the study were acquired from a self-administered questionnaire administered to senior students in both the boys’ and girls’ arms of the institution. A Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), a conventional survey designed to assess cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and marijuana usage was used in generating data on drug abuse among the respondents. Results: Three variables were significantly associated with drug abuse/use class level (AOR = 2.272, 95% CI: 1.249, 4.133, p = 0.007; AOR = 2.252, 95% CI: 1.229, 4.127, p = 0.009), gender (AOR = 1.840, 95% CI: 1.164, 2.907, p = 0.009), and family types (AOR = 0.581, 95% CI: 0.361, 0.933, p = 0.025) for current cigarette smoking, alcohol, and marijuana. The majority of respondents (47–60%) were aware of drug abuse or use, with females having a 52.4% positive attitude as opposed to males (47%). Other variables, such as age, religion, parent education, and who the respondents reside with, have been found to have no significant relationship with adolescent drug use or usage. Conclusion: There is a need for comprehensive public health strategies that go beyond school-based psycho-behavioral interventions to address the considerable risk factors for substance use among our secondary school students.
Effects of Resources Availability on the Capacity to Conduct Social Accountability in Health Community Based Organizations in Kajiado County
Authors: Gatumi Nyaga Juster
Published: October 2024

The general objective of the study was to establish the effects of resource availability on the capacity to conduct social accountability among community-based organizations (CBOs)in Kenya with a specific focus on health-related CBOs in Kajiado County. The study was triggered by the fact that since devolution in Kenya, pressure has been put on local CBOs to engage with county leadership and hold them accountable to communities they serve. As a result of this, local communities, development partners and the county governments have put a lot of expectations on the CBOs. This has been more pronounced in sectors such as healthcare, which were fully devolved under the current constitutional dispensation. Despite this expectation, there is a dearth of information on whether the CBOs have lived to this expectation and whether they have the capacity to support social accountability initiatives. This study will be useful to development partners, county governments and donors in providing insights on key areas they need to focus their attention on in order to support the local CBOs to play their important role in promoting social accountability. In order to achieve the stated objectives, the study employed a descriptive research study design, and targeted a population comprising of the Twenty-eight CBOs implementing health related interventions in Kajiado County. The study primarily made use of the primary data which was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was grouped, organized and categorized according to specific objectives and research questions. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including correlation and regression. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the data and establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for analysis, and data was presented using tables. The study results indicate that there is a strong and positive correlation between availability of resources (r=0.567) and capacity to conduct social accountability in health community-based organisations. Increase in the availability of resources at the disposal of CBOs increase their capacity to conduct social accountability. The way in which CBOs addresses the issue of resource availability determines their capacity to conduct social accountability. The study concluded that improved availability of resources for health CBOs enhances their capacity to conduct social accountability. Future studies should replicate this study in other counties in Kenya to unearth the status of social accountability in community-based organizations.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ON PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION
Authors:   The University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Svoboda Andreas
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on portfolio optimization in the financial sector. It examines how machine learning algorithms have revolutionized risk management and investment strategies by analysing vast datasets more efficiently than traditional methods. The study contrasts modern portfolio theory with AI-driven approaches, highlighting the advantages of machine learning models in addressing market risks and volatility. The findings suggest that AI not only enhances predictive accuracy but also offers a more dynamic and adaptable framework for portfolio management, thereby outperforming conventional techniques in managing financial risks.
THE ROLE OF COMPETITION IN PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MARKET EFFICIENCY
Authors:   National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Challoumis Constantinos , Eriotis Nikolaos ,   National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
Published: October 2024

Background: Competition plays a pivotal role in private enterprise systems, impacting resource allocation, pricing, and overall market efficiency. This study investigates the influence of competition on these economic factors, particularly focusing on how monopolistic practices and barriers to entry affect market outcomes. Methods: The paper employs an econometric analysis to evaluate the impact of various sectors on GDP, utilizing regression models to quantify the contributions of agriculture, industry, manufacturing, and services. The analysis integrates theoretical perspectives on competition and monopolistic behaviour with empirical data to assess how different market conditions influence economic efficiency. Results: The findings reveal significant effects of competition on economic outcomes. Agriculture, industry, manufacturing, and services all contribute differently to GDP, with services showing the highest impact. The analysis also highlights the negative implications of monopolistic practices, including resource misallocation and higher prices, while barriers to entry and strategic behaviour further influence competitive dynamics. Conclusions: Effective competition fosters optimal resource utilization and market efficiency, benefiting consumers and the broader economy. Monopolistic behaviour and entry barriers can lead to inefficiencies and suboptimal outcomes. The study underscores the need for robust competition policy and regulation to enhance market efficiency and drive economic growth.
ECO-INNOVATION AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN ALGERIAN ENVIRONMENTAL STARTUPS
Authors:   University of Oran2, Algeria, Ghezali Nassima , Sekkal Houria ,   University of Oran2, Algeria
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of ecological innovations on the emergence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices within Algerian environmental startups. The study uses a qualitative methodology based on interviews with startup founders. It highlights how these innovations foster the adoption of CSR practices. The results show that ecological innovations are crucial to startups' social transformation, making them more environmentally sustainable and socially engaged. The challenges and opportunities related to integrating ecological innovation into CSR practices are also discussed, emphasising the need for institutional support to encourage these initiatives. The study contributes to the literature on environmental startups in Algeria, an underexplored field strategically crucial for sustainable development.
Factors Influencing Civil Servants' Perceptions of National Health Insurance Schemes: A Case Study of the Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), Tanzania
Authors: Mhoja Nyamizi , Lihoya Chamwali
Published: October 2024

In today’s world of modern and ever-changing competitive business environment, workers’ health is central to every organization. This study aimed to assess factors affecting civil servants perception towards national health insurance at Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO) in Tanzania with a sample of 50 respondents from five departments with a total population of 200 people. The study was guided by gap model of service quality as its theoretical framework. A descriptive design was employed using quantitative data collection methods including questionnaires. The study used simple random sampling and purposive sampling to select participants to give answers and explanations concerning the study. Data was analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The responses from both questionnaires was assessed and the tool evaluated for reliability and consistency of responses/answers, the number of participants lost in understanding the meaning of the questions was informed the quality of the testing tool.  The findings revealed that factors such as waiting time before offered service, hospital visiting frequency, modality of admission, clients’ attitude towards the service providers, tangibility, reliability and responsiveness highly affected the perception of respondents towards health insurance schemes. It was recommended that civil servants should have an option to choose a health insurance scheme of their choice. There is also a need to establish permanent functional structures of insurance to constantly engage the scheme management, health care providers and subscribers in order to minimize the mistrust and improve uptake of service delivery. The study concluded that factors affecting perception of NHIF users should be worked upon to create good working environment for employees and their wellbeing in general as when they are healthy, then they become productive as they do not have to worry of health circumstances.
USO DO ACICLOVIR INTRAVENOSO NO TRATAMENTO DA MENINGITE VIRAL HERPÉTICA
Authors: Rodrigues Andreia Lopes , Silva Maiara Valeriano da , Silva Sofia Silva e , Eduardo Anna Maly de Leão Neves , Lima Axell Donelli Leopoldino , Andrade Ikaro Alves de
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: compreender o uso do aciclovir intravenoso no tratamento da meningite herpética viral. Revisão de Literatura: A meningite viral é uma inflamação das meninges, membranas que envolvem o cérebro e a medula espinhal, compostas por três camadas: pia-máter, aracnoide e dura-máter. Essas estruturas protegem o sistema nervoso central e abrigam células como fibroblastos, células imunes e células-tronco neurais. Os sintomas mais comuns incluem febre, presente em 60% dos casos, cefaleia em mais de 80% dos pacientes, além de declínio cognitivo, problemas nos nervos cranianos, convulsões e déficits neurológicos, que variam conforme a área afetada. O aciclovir é eficaz no tratamento, pois inibe seletivamente a replicação viral dentro das células infectadas, graças à fosforilação progressiva que transforma o ACV em sua forma ativa, o trifosfato de aciclovir, bloqueando a replicação do DNA viral sem afetar significativamente as células saudáveis. Considerações finais: A meningite viral continua sendo um desafio importante para a saúde pública, destacando a necessidade de detecção precoce e tratamento adequado. A compreensão dos sintomas e o uso correto de antivirais, como o aciclovir, são fundamentais para o manejo eficaz da doença, enquanto o avanço nas técnicas diagnósticas, como o PCR, tem melhorado a precisão na identificação dos agentes causadores. No entanto, ainda existem desafios, principalmente em áreas com poucos recursos, onde o acesso a exames rápidos é limitado. O tratamento exige monitoramento cuidadoso dos efeitos colaterais, como a neurotoxicidade, que pode ser controlada com a administração correta do aciclovir. A continuidade das pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas são essenciais para enfrentar as meningites virais, juntamente com a promoção de práticas preventivas e a educação sobre os fatores de risco, que são vitais para a redução da incidência da doença.
ESPONDILITE ANQUILOSANTE: DO DIAGNÓSTICO AO TRATAMENTO
Authors: Franco Mariana Augusta Caixeta Batista , Rezende Gustavo Di Luigi , Marques Ana Lúcia , Oliveira Bianca Izabel Amaral de , Araújo Dandara Larisse Fagundes
Published: October 2024

A espondilite anquilosante é uma doença inflamatória crônica que afeta principalmente a coluna vertebral e as articulações sacroilíacas. Seu diagnóstico pode ser desafiador, especialmente em estágios iniciais, devido à natureza insidiosa dos sintomas. Este artigo revisa os aspectos essenciais do diagnóstico e tratamento da espondilite anquilosante, abordando as diretrizes clínicas atuais, métodos diagnósticos e estratégias terapêuticas baseadas em evidências. O reconhecimento precoce dos sintomas e a intervenção adequada são cruciais para prevenir a progressão da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Exames de imagem, como a ressonância magnética, e o uso de biomarcadores inflamatórios são ferramentas importantes no manejo da condição.
SEGI HUKUM MEMBUKA RAHASIA KEDOKTERAN
Authors: Nur Laeli S.A. Nasution
Published: October 2024

Keluarnya UU 29/2004 tentang PraktikKedokteran (UU Praktik Kedokteran) makinmenegaskan perspektif hukum praktikkedokteran setelah pengaturan dalam UU 23/1992 tentang Kesehatan. Lebih spesifik, olehUU Praktik Kedokteran, ikhwal rahasiakedokteran makin ditampakkan normahukumnya, khususnya aspek hukum pidananya,sehingga dapat dikatakan terjadi kriminalisasi.Di sisi lain, terdapat ruang yang makin longgarbagi terbukanya rahasia kedokteran. Hanya sajasoal rahasia kedokteran diatur secara (sangat)sumir dalam UU Praktik Kedokteran.Dibandingkan dengan yang ada di Californiasebagai misal, diatur secara lebih kompleksdalam â€œConfidentiality of Medical InformationAct yang merupakan bagian dari â€œCaliforniaCivil Codeâ€, khususnya terdapat dalamâ€œSection 56-56.16â€. Pengaturan secara lebihdetail dalam tata hukum Indonesia, dijanjikanpengaturannya melalui Peraturan Menteri.Pasal 48 ayat (3) UU Praktik Kedokteran:Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai rahasiakedokteran diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.Pengaturan yang sangat sumir membukapeluang terjadinya persoalan-persoalan hukumsebagai akibat pengaturan yang tidak jelas atautidak ada pengaturannya. Dalam teori hukum,bahkan praktik hukum, sebenarnya bukanpersoalan yang terlalu signifikan karena dalammenghadapi situasi seperti itu dapat diterapkanmetode â€œinterpretasiâ€ atau penafsiran untukmengategorisasi suatu perbuatan sebagaitindak pidana atau perbuatan melanggar hukum(onrechmatige daad). Meski demikian, sebagaisuatu aturan hukum, terutama dalam carapandang normatif-positifistik, seyogianyamengandung atau menentukan standarperilaku. Sehingga, warga masyarakat ataukomunitas kedokteran yang menjadi adresatketentuan tersebut dapat dengan mudahmengidentifikasi tindakan-tindakan yangtercakup di dalamnya dan tindakan-tindakanyang dikeluarkan atau tidak termasuk dalamrumusan tersebut.
Penafsiran Konsep Nusyuz (Studi Putusan di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga)
Authors: Suryati  , Doni Adi Supriyo  , Teguh Anindito
Published: October 2024

Untuk       mengetahui penafsiran     hakim     Pengadilan      Agama Purbalingga   terhadap  ketentuan   berbakti  lahir dan batin  kepada  suami  di dalam  batas-batas yang  dibenarkan   oleh  Hukum  Islam  .Metode pendekatan    yang   digunakan   adalah   yuridis normatif..  Data yang diperoleh  akan dianalisis secara  normatif  kualitatif   Kesimpulan:    basil penelitian      ini   menunjukan     bahwa    dalam praktek  penyelesaian   perkara  perkawinan   di Pengadilan    Agama   tidak   selalu   sikap   dan tindakan    seorang      isteri         yang     tidak melaksanakan   kewajibannya   berupa  berbakti lahir dan bathin kepada suaminya dalam batas- batas   yang   dibenarkan    agama   dinyatakan sebagai   nusyuz.   Dalam  menginterpretasikan ketentuan    KHI   tentang   berbakti   lahir   dan bathin   dalam   batas-batas    yang   dibenarkan agama  dari  seorang  isteri   kepada  suaminya, ternyata    para    hakim    Pengadilan     Agama banyak    berbeda    pandangan.        Adanya perbedaan   interpretasi   tersebut,   mengakibat- kan   adanya   perbedaaan   dalam   menentukan
Toward a Learnable Artificial Intelligence Model for Aerosol Chemistry and Interactions (AIMACI) based on the Multi-Head Self-Attention Algorithm
Authors: Xia Zihan , Zhao Chun , Yang Zining , Du Qiuyan , Feng Jiawang , Jin Chen , Shi Jun , An Hong
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Simulating aerosol chemistry and interactions (ACI) is crucial in climate and atmospheric model, yet conventional numerical schemes are computationally intensive due to stiff differential equations and iterative methods involved. While artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated the potential in accelerating photochemistry simulations, it has not been applied for simulating the full ACI processes which encompass not only chemical reactions but also other processes such as nucleation and coagulation. To bridge this gap, we develop a novel Artificial Intelligence Model for Aerosol Chemistry and Interactions (AIMACI), focusing initially on inorganic aerosols. Trained based on conventional numerical scheme, it has been validated both offline and online coupled into three dimensional numerical atmospheric model. Results demonstrate that AIMACI are not only comparable to those with the conventional numerical scheme in spatial distributions, temporal variations, and evolution of particle size distribution of 8 aerosol species including water content in aerosols, but also exhibits robust generalization ability, reliably simulating one month under different environmental conditions across four seasons despite being trained on limited data from merely 16 days. Remarkably, it exhibits a ~5× speedup with a single CPU and ~277× speedup with a single GPU compared to conventional numerical scheme. While global long-term simulations have not yet been implemented, AIMACI’s robust generalization capability, coupled with our easily plug-and-play solution, paves the way for its coupling into global climate models for further testing in near future. This advancement promises to enhance the precision and efficiency of atmospheric aerosol simulations in climate modeling.
Increase in Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observed by satellite in the northern hemisphere over the summers of 2008–2023, linked to an increase in wildfires
Authors: Ehret Antoine , Turquety Solène , George Maya , Hadji-Lazaro Juliette , Clerbaux Cathy
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Biomass burning has a significant impact on the composition of the atmosphere due to large emissions of trace gases and aerosols. Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of biomass burning emissions on the spatial and temporal variability of carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosols concentration on hemispheric scales. This study aims to examine the correlation between fire variability and the mean and extreme values of CO and aerosol optical depth (AOD) observed by satellite (IASI/Metop for total column CO and MODIS/Terra and Aqua for AOD), focusing on the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) from 2008 to 2023. While biomass burning due to agricultural practices is decreasing in many regions, boreal regions and the western United States have experienced a rise in burned area, up to 37 % in recent years (2017–2023) compared to the 2008–2023 period. This is consistent with an increase in meteorological fire risk in these regions. The increase in wildfires has led to a rise in the mean and extreme values of CO and AOD during the summer and early autumn across all NH, reaching 9.3 % and 33 % for extreme total CO and AOD in boreal regions and the western United States in recent years compared to 2008–2023. The number of days with extreme total CO and AOD has increased by over 50 % in recent years during summer in North America, the Atlantic and Europe, compared to the full period. A robust correlation (r=0.83) between the number of plumes and burned areas in the extratropical NH is obtained.
Selecting CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) for Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) dynamical downscaling over Southeast Asia using a standardised benchmarking framework
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Loan , Alexander Lisa V. , Thatcher Marcus J. , Truong Son C. H. , Isphording Rachael N. , McGregor John L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Downscaling global climate models (GCMs) provides crucial high-resolution data needed for informed decision-making at regional scales. However, there is no uniform approach to select the most suitable GCMs. Over Southeast Asia (SEA), observations are sparse and have large uncertainties, complicating GCM selection especially for rainfall. To guide this selection, we apply a standardised benchmarking framework to select CMIP6 GCMs for dynamical downscaling over SEA, addressing current observational limitations. This framework identifies fit-for-purpose models through a two-step process: (a) selecting models that meet minimum performance requirements in simulating the fundamental characteristics of rainfall (e.g. bias, spatial pattern, annual cycle and trend) and (b) selecting models from (a) to further assess whether key precipitation drivers (monsoon) and teleconnections from modes of variability are captured, i.e. the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). GCMs generally exhibit wet biases, particularly over the complex terrain of the Maritime Continent. Evaluations from the first step identify 19 out of 32 GCMs that meet our minimum performance expectations in simulating rainfall. These models also consistently capture atmospheric circulations and teleconnections with modes of variability over the region but overestimate their strength. Ultimately, we identify eight GCMs meeting our performance expectations. There are obvious, high-performing GCMs from allied modelling groups, highlighting the dependency of the subset of models identified from the framework. Therefore, further tests of model independence, data availability and future climate change spread are conducted, resulting in a final subset of two independent models that align with our a priori expectations for downscaling over the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment –Southeast Asia (CORDEX-SEA).
Enhanced hydrological modelling with the WRF-Hydro lake/reservoir module at Convection-Permitting scale: a case study of the Tana River basin in East Africa
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Lu , Zhang Zhongshi , Arnault Joël , Sobolowski Stefan , Mwanthi Anthony Musili , Kad Pratik , Hassan Mohammed Abdullahi , Portele Tanja , Kunstmann Harald
Published: October 2024

Abstract. East Africa frequently faces extreme weather events like droughts and floods, underscoring the need for improved hydrological simulations to enhance prediction and mitigate losses. One of the main challenges in achieving this is low-quality of precipitation data and limitations in modelling skills. Due to drought sensitivity, flood proneness and data availability, the upper and middle stream of the Tana River basin was used as a case to address some of the challenge. We performed convection-permitting (CP) simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and utilizing the CPWRF output as a driver we conducted WRF Hydrological modelling (WRF-Hydro) integrated with the lake/reservoir module. The CPWRF precipitation outperforms the ERA5 using IMERG as the benchmark, particularly for the precipitation amount over mountainous regions and light precipitation events (1–15 mm day-1) in the dry seasons. The improved precipitation especially alleviates the peak false, when comparing the well-calibrated lake-integrated model driven by CRWRF output (LakeCal) to that by ERA5, with an NSE increase of 0.53. Additionally, the lake/reservoir module effectively mitigates the model-data bias, especially for dry-season flow and peak flow, when comparing the lake-integrated model (LakeCal) to the model without the lake (LakeNan), with an NSE increase of 1.67. The lake module makes river discharge more sensitive to spin-up time and affects discharge through lake-related parameters. Adjustments to the lake-integrated model’s runoff infiltration rate, Manning’s roughness coefficient, and the groundwater component have minimal impact on the dry-season flows. Dividing by the total NSE increase, hydrological modelling improvement is 24 % and 76 % from CPWRF simulation and lake module, respectively. Our findings highlight the enhanced hydrological modelling capability with the lake/reservoir module and CPWRF simulations, offering a valuable tool for flood and drought predictability in data-scarce regions such as East Africa.
Root zone in the Earth system
Authors: Gao Hongkai , Hrachowitz Markus , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Fenicia Fabrizio , Xi Qiaojuan , Xia Jianyang , Shao Wei , Sun Ge , Savenije Hubert H. G.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The root zone is a vital part of the Earth system and a key element in hydrology, ecology, agronomy, and land surface processes. However, its definition varies across disciplines, creating barriers to interdisciplinary understanding. Moreover, characterizing the root zone is challenging due to a lack of consensus on definitions, estimation methods, and their merits and limitations. This opinion paper provides a holistic definition of the root zone from a hydrology perspective, including its moisture storage, deficit, and storage capacity. We demonstrate that the root zone plays a critical role in the biosphere, pedosphere, rhizosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and cryosphere of the Earth system. We underscore the limitations of the traditional reductionist approach in modelling this complex and dynamic zone and advocate for a shift towards a holistic, ecosystem-centred approach. We argue that a holistic approach offers a more systematic, simple, dynamic, scalable, and observable way to describe and predict the role of the root zone in Earth system science.
ANALYSIS OF DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT POLICIES: EXPERIENCE FOR KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Eurasian National University named after L.N.Gumilyov, NURBEK Kuralay , YELMURZAYEVA Raushan ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N.Gumilyov, Astana
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This article explores the intricate relationship between Afghanistan's evolving political landscape and the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Situated at the crossroads of geopolitical complexities, Afghanistan has undergone enduring political transformations, prompting a critical review of its international role. As the nation grapples with transformative political journeys, this study scrutinizes the interplay between internal changes and the broader goals of the BRI. Initiated by China, the BRI represents an unprecedented effort in global connectivity and economic cooperation. The article outlines the dynamics of Afghanistan's political scenario and its potential impact on the BRI, revealing the complex relationship between political changes and the future trajectory of this ambitious initiative within Afghanistan's borders. Central to this exploration is the Belt and Road Initiative, a historic initiative spanning continents with the aim to reshape global trade patterns and strengthen economic cooperation. Originating from China, the BRI vision goes beyond infrastructure development, encompassing diplomatic, economic, and cultural dimensions. Understanding the goals and mechanisms of the BRI is fundamental to assessing how Afghanistan's political transformation might align with this transformative initiative. This article aims to dissect the point where Afghanistan's political trajectory converges with the aspirations of the BRI. By detailing the complex interplay between these two dynamic forces, the study explores synergies, conflicts, and potential implications for Afghanistan's geopolitical position and the broader goals of the BRI. As a scholarly endeavor, it contributes nuanced insights to the ongoing discourse on global politics, international cooperation, and the transformative potential of large-scale infrastructure projects in regions undergoing significant political change. Keywords: Afghanistan, Political Change, Belt and Road Initiative, Geopolitics, Infrastructure Development, Economic Dynamics, Regional Cooperation.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STRUCTURES IN THE FORMATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors:   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, KALKABAYEV Azamat
Published: October 2024

The scientific article highlights the key aspects of tourism development management, including strategies, financial support, regulation and the results of a comprehensive study of the role of public and private structures in the formation of an organizational model of the management system of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. In the course of the work, an overview of existing development strategies was conducted, the roles of public and private structures in the formation of infrastructure were highlighted, and the effectiveness and prospects of cooperation between these sectors were analyzed. The presented analysis includes an assessment of the degree of engagement, the effectiveness of resource use, as well as identifying the advantages and disadvantages of existing partnerships. The article also examines the key benefits of cooperation, such as combined experience and knowledge, financial empowerment and joint marketing promotion. At the same time, disadvantages such as bureaucratic obstacles and risks to data privacy are highlighted. Recommendations for improving cooperation between public and private structures are proposed, and prospects for the development of the tourism infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan are highlighted. The possibilities of intensifying the dialogue, creating a unified development strategy and promoting innovation and digitalization in tourism are discussed. The work provides an extensive overview of the current state of the tourist infrastructure and is aimed at forming practical recommendations for its sustainable development. Keywords: tourism industry, tourism infrastructure, development strategies, public structures, private structures, environmental sustainability, financial support, strategic cooperation.
ECONOMIC SECURITY CHALLENGES TO PAKISTAN DURING POST PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Samer Fatima
Published: October 2024

Pakistan’s economy has faced many challenges since the inception of Pakistan as an independent state. The economy of country was largely dependent on agrarian resources during the initial decades and then industrial bases afterwards. During the past three decades it the economy of Pakistan depends on loans and financial aids from international financial institutions such as, IMF along the industrial growth. The world economy slowed down after the pandemic and it also had consequences on Pakistan economy. Covid-19 caused major disruption in Pakistan economy. As, Before pandemic the GDP growth rate was 2.50% in 2019 and it fell in negative point -1.27% during the fiscal year 2020. The economic challenges to Pakistan raised during pandemic era such as its GDP growth rate decreased in negative points, its fiscal debt increased to 12.74% in 2020 as compare to 2019. Unemployment, shut down of small businesses, increase in job displacement, fiscal deficit, decline in foreign direct investment are the few challenges to name. Therefore, the economic security of Pakistan had faced many challenges during the post pandemic era. The drastic impact of covid-19 forced government to take immediate steps to counter economic challenges. The first national security policy of Pakistan in this regard made economic indicators as a challenge and made economic security a part of national policy.
GLOBALIZATION'S DOUBLE EDGE: ASSESSING ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN
Authors: Zuha Surti  , Urooj Aijaz  , Yasmeen Khan
Published: October 2024

The duple outcome of globalization has had a compelling sway on women all across the globe as it offers prospects as well as complications. On the one hand, today’s women now have more options to contribute through work, access to education, and healthcare which is a result of improved economic opportunities derived from globalization where technology disseminates ideas to share with the world, empowering women to establish and confront the world for their rights but with the uninterrupted gender-based exploitation, with the forced low remunerations accompanied by the ambiguous employment in some specific sectors like manufacturing. Furthermore, the deconstruction of social safety nets brought about by the neoliberal policies that accompanied globalization has increased the care obligations placed on women which hinders admittance of their access to economic opportunities, which makes women's experiences with the current phenomenon of globalization more complex and context-specific, which demand a detailed and comprehensive evaluation to ensure the fair distribution of its positive outcomes by minimizing its negative effects.
This study analyses the impact of globalization on women in the underdeveloped and developed nations. It is a noticeable fact that globalization positively supports East Asian countries by providing more opportunities that generate economic prosperity but also results in inequality and exploitation, specifically for females and children living in less or least developed areas. Because of the reduction in public services, women in these areas often experience low earnings, unfavorable working conditions, and an increase in household duties. According to this study, globalization tends to uphold unfair labor practices and discriminatory gender norms even when it can give women access to the workforce and financial independence so there is no doubt in the fact that, Gender inequality and economic development both go hand in hand in developing countries, where women are more likely to be exploited and have lower levels of economic engagement.
THE WATER CRISIS LOOMS LARGE IN PAKISTAN WHICH MAY FACE ABSOLUTE SCARCITY
Authors: Afshan Mahfooz
Published: October 2024

Pakistan has the fourth-highest rate of water use in the world, as reported by the IMF (International Monetary Fund), and is the 3rd greatest water-stress country in the world.Water can be scarce for many reasons: water supply is very low compared to demand, infrastructure is inadequate, and institutions fail to balance every person’s daily needs. Water scarcity is a global problem, with the most badly and worse affected communities. In this thesis we can measure Pakistan’s water scarcity with the four main indicators. The four main indicators can be measured in a country’s water scarcity: The Water Poverty Index, Water Resources Vulnerability Index, the Falkenmark indicator, and Physical and Economic Water Scarcity Indicators. Currently, Pakistan is one of the countries where demand of water exceeds over available water supply with the giving of these 4 indicators. There are many reasons for Pakistan’s water scarcity, being increased populace, citified and computerization, climate change, unsatisfactory warehouse, residues in the existing tank, corrupt system efficiency, irrigational problem and traditional methods of farming, and insufficient finance. The possible alternatives to overcome these issues are the construction of small and large dams where possible, the construction proper irrigation system, improving the surface water governance with suitable pricing, controlling the increase in population, improving transportation, changing the existing harvesting patterns by accepting low delta crops and using saline groundwater, in conjunction with independently with salt accepting crops. Nevertheless, a unified approach is required to optimally use water resources.