bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Mg (NH2)2 and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg (NH2)2–LiH System
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhao Xiao Yu , Liu Shu Li , Cao Zhong Qiu , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2011

Mg(NH2)2 was synthesized by first high energy milling MgH2 powder in a 99.995% NH3 atmosphere and then heat treating at 300oC, and hydrogen storage properties of prepared Mg(NH2)2+2.2LiH (molar ratio) had been studied in the temperature range of 150-240oC. It was found that mechanical milling of Mg (NH2)2 and LiH with molar ratio 1:2.2 followed by heat treatment under static hydrogen pressure and dehydrogenating at 208.5oC yields the desired reversible hydrogen storage phase: Li2Mg(NH)2. Desorption kinetics reveal a rapid reaction for the system and the maximum hydrogen capacity can reach 4.6 wt. % at 208.5oC. The system starts to dehydrogenate at 150oC and the Arrhenius activation energy Ea of desorption reaction can be determined to be 25.8 kJ/mol H2 based on the data of kinetics. Additionally, the desorption reaction enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) are calculated to be 42.8 kJ/mol H2 and 149.2 J. K-1/ mol H2 respectively from PCI measurements.
Effect of La Addition on Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst for Selective CO Oxidation
Authors: Chen Xi Rong , Chen Zao Ming , Lin Wei Ming
Published: October 2011

Ru/Al2O3 catalysts with various La2O3 contents were synthesized by impregnation method. The catalysts were tested for selective CO oxidation and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The effects of La addition into Ru/Al2O3 catalysts on structure and performance were investigated. Results show that higher CO conversions (>99%) and CO2 selectivity are obtained at 110–170 °C on RuLa/Al2O3. La doping promotes the dispersion of Ru species, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. The analysis reveals that the modification of La2O3 is favorable for the formation of active Ru species with good dispersion and enhanced selective CO oxidation.
Preparation of a Styrenesulfonate Grafted MWCNT/Nafion® Nanocomposite Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Hyun Kyu , Park Youn Jin , Lee Yoon Ji , Gopalan A.I. , Lee Kwang Pill , Choi Sang June
Published: October 2011

Styrenesulfonate grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ss-MWCNTs) were prepared by a simple chemical reaction with soduim 4-styrenesulfonate to reinforce Nafion® membranes for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Although Nafion® membranes have excellent proton conductivity for fuel cell applications, methanol crossover through the Nafion® membrane remains a serious problem for DMFC applications. The prepared ss-MWCNTs had approximately 3.30 wt.% of sulfure and showed styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs. Then, the Nafion® membranes were reinforced with ss-MWCNTs to reduce methanol crossover. The styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs contained sulfonate end groups that enhanced miscibility of MWCNTs in the Nafion® membrance because of affinity of the same sulfonate groups in the ss-MWCNTs and the Nafion® membrane. Further, the phenyl structure of the styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs enhanced thermal stability at high temperature. The Nafion® membranes were reinforced with ss-MWCNTs (1 wt.%) using a solution casting with a certain amount of water and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate. Well-dispersed 1 wt.% ss-MWCNT reinforced Nafion® membranes were prepared, and the water and methanol uptake were investigated for DMFC applications. The methanol uptake value (36.84) of the 1 wt.% ss-MWCNT reinforced Nafion® membranes was reduced compared to that of the cast Nafion® membrane (38.85).
The Preparation of Hybrid Solid Acids and its Catalytic Performance
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhang Jing , He Jun , Zhu Zhi Rong
Published: October 2011

The hybrid resin solid acids were prepared by using mesoporous material MCM-41 and porous activated carbon material as support, and their catalytic performance was investigated as well. Comparing with conventional acidic cation exchange resin Amberlyst 15, the hybrid resin prepared under the appropriate conditions show higher surface area and higher catalytic activity in the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran.
Effect of the Calcination Temperature on the Catalyst Performance of ZrO2-Supported Cobalt for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Liu Ya Chun , Wu Hai Tao , Jia Li Tao , Fu Zai Hui , Chen Jian Gang , Li De Bao , Yin Du Lin , Sun Yu Han
Published: October 2011

The effect of the calcination temperature on the catalyst performance of ZrO2-supported cobalt for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is investigated. Results show that the size of the cobalt species particles of the ZrO2-supported cobalt catalysts increases and their reducibility is enhanced with increasing calcination temperature. In addition, the extent of CO linear absorption and bridge absorption peak increases and then decreases with increasing calcination temperature. The results from the Fishcer-Tropsch synthesis show that the CO conversion rate increases and then decreases as the calcination temperature is increased. Catalyst selectivity for C1 monotonically decreases, whereas that for C5+ increases. The changes in the CO conversion rate demonstrate a regularity consistent with the trend of the CO absorption peak extent. Meanwhile, the growth and enhanced reducibility of the cobalt species particles contribute to the generation of heavy hydrocarbons and explain the differences in product selectivity. Therefore, the appropriate calcination temperature facilitates an increase in the CO conversion rate of the ZrO2-supported cobalt catalysts and results in a better Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product selectivity.
Experimental Investigation of NOx and CO Emissions from Fuel Rich-Lean Flame of Natural Gas
Authors: Cui Yong Zhang , Li Guang Peng , Xu Wei Guang , Zhu Jian Bin
Published: October 2011

NOx and CO emissions of fuel rich-lean flame of natural gas water heaters were experimentally investigated. Fuel-rich and fuel-lean flame with different air factors were analyzed separately. Emission of fuel-rich flame is CO whereas emission of fuel-lean is NOx, and fuel rich-lean ratio is the most important factor for NOx and CO emission. If fuel-rich flame α1 is changed with constant fuel-lean flame α2, NOx emission decreases and CO emission increases evidently. If α2 is changed with constant α1, NOx decreases slightly and CO increases initially and then decreases. Depressing fuel-lean flame can strengthen excess O2 diffusion to fuel-rich flame, and then reduces NOx and CO emissions.
Study on Effect of Oil Price Rising on China’s General Price Level
Authors: Gui Shu Sen , Mu Hai Lin , Li Nan
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes and evaluates the oil price change on effects of China’s general price level and economic sectors’ price level by adopting the input-output price model and input-output of China in 2007. In the case of oil price rise 100%: Compare with the results over the years show that oil price impact on the whole society increased year by year, and the rate of increase present accelerated tendency; Compare with the other energy sector, the impact of oil prices level is generally lower than the price of electricity and heat levels.
A Novel Approach for Transversely Anisotropic 2D Sheet Metal Forming Simulation
Authors: Wang Jin Yan , Sun Ji Xian
Published: October 2011

In most FEM codes, the isotropic-elastic & transversely anisotropic-elastoplastic model using Hill's yield function has been widely adopted in 3D shell elements (modified to meet the plane stress condition) and 3D solid elements. However, when the 4-node quadrilateral plane strain or axisymmetric element is used for 2D sheet metal forming simulation, the above transversely anisotropic Hill model is not available in some FEM code like Ls-Dyna. A novel approach for explicit analysis of transversely anisotropic 2D sheet metal forming using 6-component Barlat yield function is elaborated in detail in this paper, the related formula between the material anisotropic coefficients in Barlat yield function and the Lankford parameters are derived directly. Numerical 2D results obtained from the novel approach fit well with the 3D solution .
Numerical Simulation of the Heat and Mass Transfer in a Sodium Sulfur Cell
Authors: Li Zhi Gang , Huai Xiu Lan , Tang Da Wei , Wen Zhao Yin , Dong Zhao Yi
Published: October 2011

A mathematical model is built for the heat and mass transfer during charge and discharge in a sodium sulfur cell by coupling the electrochemical equations with the equations of species transport and heat transfer. Numerical simulation is performed for the two-dimensional axisymmetric domain of a single cell. The simulated charge-discharge characteristics agree well with the experimental data of a 650 Ah Na/S cell. The transient non-uniform distributions of the electric potential, the current density, the sodium polysulfide composition and the temperature during charge and discharge are obtained. The results show that the non-uniform distribution of the sodium polysulfide composition and current density may deteriorate the degradation of the ceramic electrolyte and the corrosion of the metal container, thus may shorten the cell life. The graphite fibers in the sulfur electrode matrix are preferably radially oriented, which is advantageous for reducing the cell resistance, for improving the rechargeability and for extending the cell life. The simulation results of the transient temperature fields provide useful guidance for the optimized thermal design so as to enhance the energy efficiency of the battery system.
A Quick Evaluation Model for Horizontal Well Development in Bottom Water Reservoir
Authors: Wang Yuan Gang , Yao Yue Dong , Jiang Ming , Ji Ze Min
Published: October 2011

The evaluation model for horizontal well development has significant potential in recoverable reserves uncertainty studies. This paper firstly establishes an evaluation model on the degree of reserve recovery at different level of water cut, and then makes a chart of the dimensionless aspect seepage ratio against the degree of reserve recovery at different level of water cut. Secondly, introduces heterogeneity correction factor and saturation correction factor to improve the oil recovery model. Finally, the oil recovery of 6 reservoirs with horizontal well development in Dagang Oil Company indicates that the prediction of the evaluation model is agreement with the actual data, and the model can provide criteria for horizontal well development in a bottom water reservoir.
Effect of Microwave with Ultrasonic on the Morphology and Particle Size of (Y,Eu)2 O3 Precursor
Authors: Zeng Qing Yun , Chang Qing Qing , Ye Xin Yu
Published: October 2011

The (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor prepared by microwave with ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation is superior to the one prepared by co-precipitation of conventional approach as well as co-precipitation assisted by microwave. The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and particle size of (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor was completely investigated in this study. The ideal conditions were optimized as 0.25M Ln3+ ions concentration, 80°C reaction temperature, 90 minutes reaction time and 0 minute ageing time. Consequently, the (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor in the needle-like shape with average size of 0.25μm in diameter was obtained. The possible mechanism was also presented.
Sustainable Lighting System Design for Retrofitting
Authors: Mo John , Ehsan Syed A. , Sen Ganesh
Published: October 2011

RMIT’s Building 28 Research Lounge was used as a pilot research project to investigate the feasibility of DC lighting system and accumulate benchmarking data for future research reference. Unlike conventional light-for-light replacement, the B28 project takes an innovative approach to re-design the lighting circuit in DC mode without re-wiring. The intelligent control system manages charging and discharging of the battery bank depending on whether solar power is available or grid power back up is needed. Based on a two-week benchmark data log, the result shows a total energy reduction from 210 kWh to 71 kWh, representing a saving of 65%.
Construction of Geographical Indications Protective Pattern on Intangible Cultural Heritages
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Shan Jie
Published: October 2011

Many people currently ignore the validity of the fact that intangible cultural heritages acting as an objective of intellectual property law, and make exploitation wantonly, which cause intangible cultural heritages to be on the verge of extinction. How to change the status quo has been the most important research topic of common concern in international society. The thesis exerts comparative studies on feasibility of protection on intangible cultural heritages by various kinds of intellectual properties, based on the characteristics of regional-natured, collective-natured, perpetual-natured, etc. owned by intangible cultural heritages. The thesis expounds highly agreement between geographical indications and intangible cultural heritages. With this base point, the thesis puts forward some countermeasures on geographical indications protection on intangible cultural heritages in terms of subjects, objects, and limitations on rights.
Analysis on Online Mixing Performance of Jet-Mixing Apparatus
Authors: Xu Xi Chao , Qiu Bai Jing , Deng Bin , Jia Fang Wen
Published: October 2011

Aimed at investigating the design method and test method of jet-mixing apparatus, numerical simulation and experiment research were both used to investigate the internal flow field of jet-mixing apparatus in this article. Numerical simulation scheme for interior flow field of jet-mixing apparatus was established, CFD software Fluent was used to investigate in concentration field of jet-mixing apparatus. The concept of IOS was brought forward to evaluate the homogeneity degree of pesticide and water. Investigation both carried on area ratio effect on the mix homogeneity of the jet-mixing apparatus and the distribution of pesticide concentration in the axial and radial of mixing tube.
Controls of Short-Term Base-Level Cycle on Macroscopic Heterogeneity of Reservoir: a Case Study of the Major Oil Layer of Liuzan Oilfield in Nanpu Sag
Authors: Zhang Rui , Ji You Liang
Published: October 2011

Based on the depositional model and characteristics of fan delta, the short-term base-level cycle of the third submember of the third member of Shahejie Formation （Es33）in North region major oil layer of Liuzan Oilfield of Nanpu Sag is divided into three basic categories applying high-resolution sequence stratigraphy with the reference to core and logging data, namely, deepening-upward asymmetrical type, shallowing-upward asymmetrical type and symmetrical type. Different variation models for macroscopic heterogeneity of reservoir belonging to different categories of short-term base-level cycle were established in this paper; it was further pointed out that the changes of base-level and the ancient landform were major factors controlling the characteristic discrepancy of macroscopic heterogeneity of reservoir. In fan delta plain area, the ancient landform is smooth. Deepening-upward asymmetrical cycle is mainly composed of braided river sand body, and the changes of base-level exert little control on porosity with significant control on permeability. At the delta front slope, the landform becomes steep. Deepening-upward asymmetrical cycle is mainly composed of underwater distributary channel with genetic mechanism of gravity flow. The vertical variations of porosity and permeability inside the cycle are rather complicated. Since the physical properties are mainly manifested as the control on autogenic cycle, they do not directly influence the changes of base level.
Fabrication of Hydrophobic Surfaces and its Electrochemical Research on Copronickel B30
Authors: Xu Qun Jie , Cai Xi Hong , Yun Hong , Deng Xian Qin
Published: October 2011

A novel hydrophobic film was prepared by Stearic acid (SA) chemically adsorbed onto the cupronickel B30 surface. The film properties were characterized by means of water contact angle measurement and electrochemical techniques. The results indicate that the structure of the adsorbed film is hydrophobic, and the contact angle is 113.82° for water. AC impedance and polarization curve measurements show that the corrosion resistance of cupronickel B30 modified by stearic acid is improved remarkably, and the inhibition efficiency reached 66.85%. After hydrophobic modified by stearic acid, the inhibition efficiency could reach 88.85% in 3% NaCl solution with the concentration of 0.1 g/L Na2WO4.
Experimental Study of Triaxial Test of Gravel Soil in Yili's First Coal Mine
Authors: Meng De Jun , Sun Zhong Hui , Dou Bo Yang , Han Peng Fei , Wang Yan Bing
Published: October 2011

The strength of gravel soil of Yili’s First Mine in different water contents was studied by multifunction static and dynamic triaxial test machine. The results show that （1）The yield limit decreases with the increasing of water content under steady confining pressure, and the greater the confining pressure, the greater the yield point of its axial in the same moisture conditions. （2）The expansion becomes into contraction with increasing moisture content. （3）Strength index of gravel soil becomes smaller with the increase of moisture content. The relationship between friction angle and water contents is . And the relationship between cohesion (or bite force) and water contents is . The results provide a theoretical basis for shaft design and construction of Yili’s First Mine.
Numerical Simulation of Dual-Support Leg Fluidized Bed
Authors: Tan Qin Liang , Liu Tian , Jiang Da Long , Hu Xiao Ying , Dong Chang Qing
Published: October 2011

A numerical study on a gas-solid model to predict the particle flow structures of dual support-leg fluidized bed has been conducted. Due to the symmetry motion trajectory of the particles in the dual support-leg fluidized bed, unilateral furnace was taken into account in the model to simplify calculation. The results indicate that, without buffer set on the wall, three different zones can be distinguished in terms of granular flow mechanisms. The velocities of the upward flow without buffer set on the wall are much higher than that with buffer set.
Research on Additional Specific Consumption Distribution of Biomass Direct Combustion Power Plant
Authors: Tan Qin Liang , Zhang Cai Juan , Hu Xiao Ying , Wang Li Gang , Lu Qiang , Dong Chang Qing
Published: October 2011

Biomass direct combustion power generation is the most simple but effective way in dealing with environmental issues and energy crisis. A comprehensive diagnosis with accurate evaluation of energy saving potential of a given biomass power plant is of great importance in lowing the cost of generating electricity, reducing the consumption of energy and pollutant emissions [1]. This paper throws light upon an innovative energy consumption diagnosis method-the specific consumption analysis theory, which is based on the First and Second law of thermodynamics [2,3]. Taking a given biomass power plant of National Energy Group as an example, mathematical models are made based on all the components and processes. The specific consumption analysis theory is employed to calculate the specific consumption within the biomass power plant using design parameters under design operating conditions, thus demonstrating the specific consumption distribution in the power plant, which provides theoretical basis for energy-saving and optimization in biomass power plant.
Screening of Antarctic Antagonism against Vibro anguillarum and Preliminary Research of the Antibacterial Substances
Authors: Kan Guang Feng , Shi Cui Juan , Wang Ming Chao , Wang Min
Published: October 2011

Vibrio anguillarum is an opportunistic pathogen of aquatic animals, biocontrol agents have been revealed effective in preventing this disease. Antarctic bacteria were used for the screening of antagonism against V. anguillarum and strain AN32 showed highest activity. AN32 was identified as Pseudoalteromonas according to its morphological, physiological and biochemical and 16S rDNA molecular properties. The antibacterial substance in AN32 culture supernatant was sensitive to pH, temperature and proteinases. The substance could not dissolve in organic solvents, but could be precipitated by ammonium sulfate. These characterizations indicated that the bioactive substance of strain AN32 would be some kind of protein or peptide. This study is a potential application in the control of aquiculture diseases.
Research and Application of Depressure and Increasing Injection Technology in Low Permeability Oilfield
Authors: Liu Wei Dong , Cong Su Nan , Gu Hong Jun , Nie Zhen Rong
Published: October 2011

In China, most of undeveloped oil reserves are low and ultra low permeability reservoirs. The total remaining petroleum reserves of CNPC is about 4.07×107m3, and the low and ultra low permeability reserves is 3.16×107m3, So it is important to reasonable develop the oil reserves to keep the petroleum output stable. Under the low permeability layer condition, it is difficult to inject water to the formation, and the output of oil well is very low. The chemical agent can solve the difficulty of injection water and enhance the oil recovery. The relative permeability experiments shows irreducible oil was reduced by the wettability alteration agents, and the mobile oil saturation increased, which enlarging the range of the two phases co-flowing and enhancing oil recovery. As a result with alteration agents, the cross-point relative permeability moves to right, and the core converts to water-wet. In daqing oil field test, the water injection pressure is reduced by 15%, and the term of validity is more than 10 months.
Heat Transfer Analysis on a Thermosyphon Radiator
Authors: Zuo Zheng , Luo Qing Hai
Published: October 2011

Heat transfer of a thermosyphon radiator was analyzed, experimental tests with acetone as working fluid have been performed, and good agreement between measurement and calculation with analysis model was obtained. Compared with conventional radiator by means of experiments and analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the thermosyphon radiator were discussed.
Experimental Study of Spray Penetration under High Pressure Common Rail Condition
Authors: Liu Jian Xin , Liu Song , Du Hui Yong , Wang Zhan Cheng , Xu Bin
Published: October 2011

The fuel spray images were taken with an equipment (camera-flash-injection) which has been synchronized with a purpose made electronic system under the condition of the high pressure common rail in two injection pressure has been expressed in this paper. It is discovered when fitting spray tip penetration that after jet breakup for a period of time, the spray tip begin to slow down rapidly, and the speed of spray tip running becomes smooth. Hiroyasu and other traditional tip penetration fitting formula are fitting larger to this phase. This is because that after jet breakup, the secondary breakup of striker particles will occur under the influence of the aerodynamic, surface tension and viscosity force. Therefore, a spray penetration fitting formula containing secondary breakup time to fit penetration in three sections was proposed in this paper. Results show that when pressure difference increase, both first and second breakup time become earlier. The former is because of gas-liquid relative velocity increasing, while the latter is due to high speed interface movement acceleration increasing.
Studies on the Extraction of Phenols from Coal Tar Produced in Multi-Generation System
Authors: Shi Zhen Jing , Fang Meng Xiang , Zhou Chun Guang , Wang Shu Rong , Luo Zhong Yang
Published: October 2011

Isolation of phenols from the middle oil fraction(170-230°C) of tar produced in the multi-cogeneration system has been investigated for the purpose of recovering valuable pure phenols, such as phenol, cresols, xylenol and ethyl-phenol. Phenolic compounds were separated from the middle oil by liquid-liquid extraction using alkali and sulfuric acid. The yield of phenolic fraction from the middle oil (170-230°C) is up to 37%, which is much higher compared with those of metallurgical coke plants. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse phenolic compounds. The result shows that the phenol content is less than 2%, and main compounds are cresol(14%), xylenol(20%) . Phenols of the middle oil fraction(230-280°C) was also analysed, which main contain methyl naphthol(20%).
Study of Adaptability for Variation Function in Random Inversion
Authors: Zhang Shan Ze , Liu Xing Dong
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Variation function is an important tool that can characterize the spatial correlation of geological variable quantitatively in geo-statistics. In the random inversion process, for different types of blocks and oil fields, choosing the appropriate function type and the corresponding model parameters, to improve the accuracy of inversion results is particularly important. By taking Gu83 block of GuLong oil field as an example, this article analyses common variation functions such as Gaussian, Spherical, Expo and Gen-Expo method and the influence of random inversion results under different variable distance parameters. From the experimental results, the inversion prediction precision will be higher in this block under the following situations: Expo variation function, horizontal variable distance is 3000 meters and vertical variable distance is 3 meters.
Fiber Wind Velocity Monitoring System and its Application in Wind Power Generation
Authors: Ni Jia Sheng , Wang Chang , Liu Tong Yu , Zhang Jiong , Wang Ji Qiang , Lei Tao
Published: October 2011

A fiber anemometer that used in wind velocity monitoring is introduced in this paper. FBG is used as a sensor device. Fiber anemometer uses wind-cup to modulate FBG’s wavelength, so that wavelength changing frequency stand out difference wind velocity. The system demodulate frequency is about 1KHz and its spectrum width is about 30-40nm, which means each channel has a capacity of accommodate 30-40 sensors. By wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, this system is very suitable to be adopted in wind power generation in consideration of its large-capacity. Design scheme is described in detail. Some experimental data and equipment are also described in this paper.
Progress and Research of Organic Polymeric Flocculant in Water Treatment
Authors: Zhan Yong , Wang Yu , Dong Bin
Published: October 2011

coagulation and sedimentation method is an effective water treatment method, and the key factor is the choice of flocculant, according to its different chemical composition, it is generally divided into inorganic, organic, microbial flocculants. Because of the small dosage ,fast flocculation and less effect by external environment , organic polymeric flocculant has widely used in wastewater treatment. This paper describes some types of organic polymer flocculation and its research and application. finally,the development trend of organic polymeric flocculant was predicted.
Simulation and Optimization of Residential Grid-Connected PV System in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Liu Gang , Rasul Mohammad , Amanullah M. T. O. , Khan Masud M. K.
Published: October 2011

The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) in residential electricity generation is encouraged by Australian governments incentive. However, what extent of residents benefit from installing a grid-connected PV system is not fully understood yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate and optimize the economic, technical and environmental performance of grid-connected PV system in Queensland, Australia. Using the price of PV devices and accessories, grid electricity tariff and sale-back tariff as economic analysis inputs, and global solar irradiation as solar energy resource data, the system is simulated and optimized by HOMER software. The optimized system not only satisfies the typical residential load of 23 kWh per day but also meet the requirement of minimizing the total costs of system investment and electricity consumption during the system life (20 years). It is found that under the weather conditions of the eleven main cities of Queensland, a PV system is an effective way to reducing electricity bills and mitigating carbon dioxide emission.
Mixed-Valence Low Bandgap Photovoltaic Material: [Cu(II)Cu(I)(R)3(RH)2L4].CH3COCH3 (R = C6H5COO; L = CH3COCH2C(OH)(CH3)2)
Authors: Abdullah Norbani , Mohamadin Mohammad Isa
Published: October 2011

Copper(II) mixed-valence complex, [Cu(II)Cu(I)(R)3(RH)2L4].CH3COCH3 (R = C6H5COO; L = CH3COCH2C(OH)(CH3)2) (1), is a potential photovoltaic material with low bandgap It is formed as a black solid from a facile carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction involving [Cu2(C6H4COO)4(C2H5OH)2] (2) and CH3COCH3 under acidic condition. The complex was soluble in most common organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Its formula was deduced from FTIR, UV-vis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, TGA and GCMS. Its effective magnetic moment was 1.33 B.M. at 298 K, suggesting strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu centres. Cyclic voltammetry shows an anodic peak at +0.70 V and two cathodic peaks at +0.53 V and -1.0 V. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels are 4.9 eV and 3.7 eV respectively, and hence the bandgap energy is 1.2 eV.
Research of Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Super Capacitor
Authors: Yu Hong Tao , Li Shun Ming , Wang Dong Ping
Published: October 2011

Design and develop a new type of parallel hybrid electric vehicle with ISG motor, super capacitor and electric dual-clutch, based on the former automobile chassis. Look profoundly into the structure and the control strategy of the hybrid power system. The driving mode of the vehicle has been divided strictly into five modes and the torque of engine and ISG motor has been distributed rationally. The control model of the system has been built by Simulink, and the control parameters for each driving mode have been optimized through a lot of experiments. At last, the validity of control strategy has been proved and verified by the simulation platform of Matlab/Simulink and hub experiments.
Forecasting Model Based on SAGA and LS-SVM for the Water Quality of Poyang Lake
Authors: Cao Qun , Liu Bing Xiang , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2011

According to the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the water quality data samples, a forecasting model based on Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm(SAGA)and least squares support vector machines(LS-SVM) is proposed. Through adaptively optimizing the model parameters of LS-SVM by SAGA, we can apply the model to forecast water quality of Poyang Lake. The experimental results indicate that compared to the typical LS-SVM,the model is very practical and with higher precision.
Study on Offshore Wind Farm Maintenance Strategies Optimization
Authors: Bian Xiao Yan , Li Guang Yue , Fu Yang
Published: October 2011

With the harsh maritime environment, the accessibility of the site leads to the high cost directly. The cost on Operation & Maintenance for offshore wind farm is about twice of equivalent onshore wind farms. Consequently the study on the maintenance strategies is necessary. The objective of this work is to optimize the offshore wind farm maintenance strategies by network planning method, to minimize the total cost, by considing the effect of several factors, such as weather, boat availability, the location of the wind farm and ect.
Speciation Distributions and Availability of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni in a Mine Drainage Contaminated Paddy Soils
Authors: Miao De Ren , Yang Wan Qiu
Published: October 2011

Various depths paddy soils, which collected from nearby one of the abandoned Pb-Zn mines in Lanping County of China, were analyzed, determining the total metal concentration by acid digestion and the chemical speciation of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni by a somewhat modified Tessier’s sequential extraction method. High concentrations of Zn and Pb were found in surface soils indicating that the paddy soils seriously suffered from Zn and Pb contamination. The extraction percentage of Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni with modified Tessier’s sequential extraction procedures were at the ranges of 93.15-96.41%, 93.26-96.25%, 91.51-94.75% and 91.28-94.25%, respectively. Extraction efficiencies demonstrated that this sequential extraction approach is suitable to evaluate these metals potential risk among this contaminated site. Extraction results showed that the residual fraction was the predominant fraction for Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni among all tested soils. However, the exchangeable fraction was the lowest among all fractions. Meanwhile, the metals mobility and bioavailability in tested soils were compared and predicted using mobility coefficients and bioavailability coefficients. The mobility coefficients of metals decreased in the order of Cu> Ni> Zn> Pb, and the bioavailability coefficients of metals decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn/Ni.
Strategic Countermeasures of Speeding up Development of Our Environmental Protection Industry
Authors: Shang Jie , Jia Xiao Hong
Published: October 2011

With the theme of ecological environment and low-carbon economic of the 21st century, the environmental protection industry possesses a huge market potential. Strengthen our environmental protection industry can create enormous economic as a new industries. Our environmental protection industry has already achieved certain progress, but it has still a large margin from the reality of the claim and the level of developed countries. In view of the problems in our environmental protection industry, this paper analysis the development status of China’s environmental protection industry, based on the prospect of environmental protection industry, propose measures of accelerating the development of China's environmental protection industry, which will push China's environmental protection industry into a new development stage.
Key Technology on the Solar Photovoltaic & Thermal System
Authors: Xu Zhi Long , Li Chao , Liu Lian Fen , Huang Zhong Ming
Published: October 2011

Using the concentrating and tracking photovoltaics generation technology, the area of photovoltaic cells is only one-fifth of the traditional one if both generate same power output, and therefore the cost of photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced. The concentrating solar cells produced with the special construction and lamination technique have the functions of heat exchanging and temperature controlling, which prevent the solar panel from over-temperature caused by the concentrating light and the crystal silicon cell pieces will always work under 60°C, and hence the photoelectric conversion efficiency increase. The rest solar energy that cannot be converted into electrical energy by the concentrating solar cells is absorbed by water flowing through it. The flat-plate collector reheat the water flowed from the concentrating solar cells’ heat exchanger and the additional product, hot water, whose temperature is over 80°C, is got. Hence, the total efficiency of photovoltaic & thermal conversion is more than 55%. The solar photovoltaic & thermal system can high efficiently, but low costly and practicably, utilize the solar photovoltaic & thermal and practical.
Investigation on Applying Compound Solvent in Liquid Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Zhi Qiang , Huang De Feng , Liu Xian Qing , Gao Hong , Hao Hong Shun
Published: October 2011

Liquid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was prepared by using the mixture of sulfolane and 3-methoxypropionitrile as a solvent, 4-tert-butylpyridine as an additive. The influences of sulfolane on electrolyte conductivity, photoelectric performances and the DSSCs stability were investigated. The results indicated that when the ratio of 3-methoxypropionitrile to sulfolane achieves 3:2, the cell showed the optimal photoelectric properties and stability, and the short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency achieved 7.58mA/cm2 and 2.79%, respectively.
High-Power White LED Driver Circuit Characteristics and Design
Authors: Wang Ya Fang
Published: October 2011

Summed up the development process in the LED, LED parametric test and drive circuit design is necessary. Based on the actual test results, design a typical application of the LED drive circuit. Experiments show that using LED lights instead of the traditional incandescent lamp is a general trend，with good reliability. The actual measurement results were compared, demonstrating the practicality of conclusion.
Preparation and Characterization of ZrO2 Nano-Particles by Supercritical Hydrolysis Process
Authors: Jiang Jing Zhi , Peng Pei Ying , Cui Hai Ting , Li Zhi Yi
Published: October 2011

ZrO2 nano-particles were successfully prepared by supercritical hydrolysis in two steps (hydrolysis and dehydration) and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle-size analyzer. The influences of operation parameters, including operation pressure and temperature, CO2 total flow and ratio of CO2 branch flow, on the particles were investigated experimentally. The results show that average particle size increases with the increase of the operation temperature, while it decreases with the increase of the operation pressure and the CO2 total flow. The smallest particles with average diameter of 793nm can be prepared under the condition: operation temperature and pressure of 50°C and 8MPa, CO2 total flow of 30 standard cubic centimeter per Minute and ratio of CO2 branch flow of 3.
Big Diameter and Long Drilling-Holes Technology and its Application in Drainage Gas in Dingji Coal Mine
Authors: Feng Cai
Published: October 2011

Taking advantage of the method of big diameter and long drilling-holes in coal seam’ roof instead of roadway method to drainage gas from coal seam, aimed at the condition of deep coal seam and high risk of outburst in Dingji Coal Mine. The amount and rate of drainage gas was increased, and decreased the time and engineering amount of drainage gas, and effectively diminished the risk of outburst of coal and gas. And a new approach adapt to Dingji Coal Mine to drainage gas is acquired.
Research on Models and Compensation Mechanism of Energy-Saving Generation Dispatching
Authors: Li Xiao Fei , Tan Li Jun
Published: October 2011

Energy-saving generation dispatching is a trial generation dispatching mode in China, reducing energy consumption is the core idea of energy-saving generation dispatching. In this paper, the conception and effect of energy-saving generation dispatching were introduced. The models of energy-saving generation were classified, and some typical models were analysed. Due to the problems brougt about by energy-saving generation dispatching, the modes and economic compensation mechanism were paid attention, this paper analyzes some modes and economic compensation mechanism of energy-saving generation dispatching. Some new problems occured after energy-saving generation dispatching applied were presented and analyzed. Lastly, the development direction of energy-saving generation dispatching is proposed, which lays the foundation for future research.
Forecasting Method of Branch Power of the Urban Power Grid Based on Multi-Model Technology
Authors: Wang Xiao Jing , Chen Xing Ying , Yu Kun
Published: October 2011

An adaptive forecasting method of branch power of the urban power grid is presented. The implementation is accomplished by utilizing three basic load forecasting methods using Multi-model technology. After forecasting the load of one bus, two methods are used to get the branch power including distributing bus load and forecasting it directly with history data. The proposed branch power forecasting method is tested on one urban power grid. The simulations imply that the adaptive method is more efficient than that using single model.
Risk Assessment of Power System Cascading Failure Considering Hidden Failures and Violation of Temperature
Authors: Zhang Long Yue , Ding Li Jie , Xiao Xian Yong , Ma Chao , Feng Jing
Published: October 2011

A method was proposed to throw light on the initial period of cascading failure that would be the best time to implement prediction and prevention. A more accurate hidden failure model which considers fault locations and protection schemes was created, as well as a conductor temperature-outage probability model depicting tree-to-line contacts happened in the blackout frequently. It reveals the physical process of cascading failure more clearly and demonstrates that differently located fault which may trigger different PEFD of hidden failures and different ambient situations can both result in different outage sequence.
A Data Transform Model for Intelligent Substation and Production Management System Device Online Monitoring
Authors: Du Ke , Guo Jing Hong , Li Bing Lin , Ma Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hao , Xin Di
Published: October 2011

Online monitoring is the precondition to achieve state maintenance and lifecycle management in power grid. Also, effective data transform model is the basis of online monitoring. We propose a data transform model for intelligent substation and PMS device online monitoring based on analyzing Standards of intelligent substation and State Grid. The PMS data are classified and compared with data model of IEC 61850 Standard. With methods of tag mapping and ID index we achieve the data conversion between intelligent substation and PMS.
Cross-Regional Power Grid and its Interconnected Benefit Analysis
Authors: Jin Xiao Ling , Ge Xu Bo , Yin Ming , Jin Shu Dong
Published: October 2011

The regional discrepancies among various power systems are the preconditions for the integrated power system benefit. The national power grid has been formed initially. It provides the physical foundation for the benefit of integrated power system. Based on the analysis of resource distribution features of China and the generation structure features, the paper has reviewed the power grid development history and foreseen the development trends of the interconnected power system in China. The following integrated power system benefit has been analyzed: peak load regulation; hydro power and thermal power integration; cross-river basin adjustment; and scale merit, etc.
Extension Control and its Application in Power System
Authors: Lu Xue Qin , Wu Chen Ning , Chen Shu Guo
Published: October 2011

Extension is a new subject which solves sontradictory problems. It studies the extensive possibility of things and the rules and methods of exploitation and innovation with formalized model. The extension control theory and method has provided the basis theory and method for people to solve the existent contradictory questions in the automatic control system such as stability, accuracy and speed.This paper briefly introduces the related basic concepts of extension control, such as the structure of canonical extension control, extension set of character status of basic extension controller, and general extension control algorithm, and so on. Also presents the extension applition in power systems. The future work and prospect of development are described.
Study on Catalytic Combustion Characteristics of Hydrogen inside Micro Scaled Tube
Authors: Chen Jun Jie , Wang Qian , Pan Jian Feng , He Zhi Xia
Published: October 2011

Catalytic combustion of hydrogen/air mixture inside micro-tube was numerically investigated with detailed gas phase and surface catalytic chemical reaction mechanisms. Combustion characteristics for different reaction models, inlet velocity, tube diameter on surface catalytic combustion reaction, and comparison of numerical and experimental studies were discussed. The Computational results indicate that the surface catalytic combustion restrains the gas phase combustion. The effect of the surface catalytic reaction on the gas phase reaction can be divided to three types. The existence of catalytic wall will help to reach complete reaction in the micro-tube. Some theoretical evidences are provided for the application of catalytic combustion to Micro-electromechanical System (MEMS) and the extension of the combustion limits.
Design of CAN Node in Li-Ion Battery Formation and Test System Based on DSP
Authors: Han Hua Sheng , Liu Gen Wang
Published: October 2011

Aiming at the solution of low communication rate, stability and anti-interference problem of Li-lion formation and test equipment, two controllers of TMS320F2812 DSP as lower controller and ARM as upper controller, are introduced as Controller Area Network (CAN) communicaton model in formation and test system to realize high speed and stable communication between bottom and top. This paper presents a scheme of using CAN technology to realize communication. The principle and communication protocol of formation and test system and hradware design are introduced in this paper.
Experimental Study on the Breakdown of Gaps in Fire
Authors: Zhu Xiao Bin , Wu Tang Qin , Zhang Lin He , Chen Hai Xiang
Published: October 2011

Some flashover incidents of high-voltage transmission lines are reported to be induced by fire. Though the mechanism of fire induced flashover is not well understood, it is deemed that fire could reduce the insulation strength of air. This paper has compared the breakdown characteristics of gaps in normal air conditions and those in fire. The results show that the breakdown voltage or electric field strength of gaps in fire decreases greatly. The value of breakdown electric field strength in alcohol flame is about 1.454 KV/cm, which is only about 28.8% of that in air. The value of breakdown electric field strength in wood crib fire is about 0.300KV/cm, corresponding to 19.9% of that in air. This study demonstrates that flame and soot particle of fire are responsible for fire induce flashover of high-voltage transmission lines.
Study on the Insulation Coordination of ±800kV Converter Station in the Nuozhadu to Guangdong HVDC Power Transmission Project
Authors: Han Yong Xia , Lu Yun Xin
Published: October 2011

It is very important to study the overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of the converter stations for the ±800kV UHVDC transmission project because of its importance in the power grid. The paper studies two kinds of arrester arrangements of the converter stations in the Nuozhadu to Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC power transmission project by using the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The simulation results show that the protective level of arresters is different, while the insulation levels of critical equipments in the converter station are almost the same under these two arrester arrangement schemes.
The Analysis of the Opto-Couplers Relay Malfunctions in HVDC Control and Protection and the Improvements of the Trip Circuits
Authors: Guo Wei Ming , Zuo Gan Qing , Lin Rui
Published: October 2011

Due to the voltage surge and transient disturbances can cause malfunctions of the opto-couplers relay (OCR) easily, which will lead the HVDC to stop working, an optimized project to the trip circuits of HVDC control and protection is proposed. Firstly, the problems of current trip circuits are analyzed. Secondly, the trip circuits of the AC filters and DC filters are improved, as well as the DC protective trip circuits. Finally, choose other relays with better performance and more reliable to instead of the current ones, and improve the stripping link circuits of the DC filter group. The optimized project was used in the Zhaoqing converter station successfully, which is under good operating condition now.
Fuzzy Multiple Reference Models Adaptive Control of Induction Motors
Authors: Xue Hua , Wang Yu Fei
Published: October 2011

A new method of fuzzy multiple reference models adaptive control(FMRMAC) for dealing with significant and unpredictable system parameter variations is presented. In this method, different suitable reference model is chosen by fuzzy rules when changes occurred to the model parameters. A successful application to the speed servo system of dynamic model of induction motor (IM) shows this method works well with high dynamic performance under the condition of command speed change and load torque disturbance.