bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Feida , Chen Mingxu , Du Jia
Published: April 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing. A systematic literature search up to January 2022 was done and 13 studies included 1073 subjects with pressure ulcer wound at the start of the study; 593 of them were using traditional Chinese medicine treatments, and 480 were control for pressure ulcer wound. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of Chinese herbal topical medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion on pressure ulcer wound healing by the dichotomous methods with a random or fixed‐influence model. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments had significantly higher complete healing (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 3.94–8.95, P < .001), and curative ratio post‐treatment (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 2.62–8.76, P < .001) compared with control for subjects with pressure ulcer wound. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments had a significantly higher complete healing and curative ratio post‐treatment compared with control for subjects with pressure ulcer wounds. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Effects of season and water type on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium from surface and reclaimed water
Authors: Solaiman Sultana , Patterson Rebecca , Davey Kaitlyn , Katz Yisrael , Payne-Sturges Devon , Sapkota Amy R. , Micallef Shirley A.
Published: April 2022

Aims

To evaluate the safety of irrigation water sources based on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus spp., a potential environmental reservoir for AMR determinants.

Methods and Results

Eleven sites representing fresh and brackish water rivers, ponds and reclaimed water, were sampled over 2 years. Samples (n = 333) yielded 198 unique isolates of Ent. faecalis and Ent. faecium which were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by microbroth dilution. Species distribution was influenced by water type and season. Enterococcus faecalis was more likely found in freshwater rivers and in summer, and Ent. faecium in reclaimed water and in spring. Only 11% of isolates were pansusceptible, while 48.5% and 26.3% were single (SDR) and multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. MDR was more likely detected in Ent. faecium than Ent. faecalis. Winter isolates were more likely than summer isolates to exhibit MDR than SDR.

Conclusions

Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium in surface and reclaimed water exhibited diverse phenotypic AMR and a low-level resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as ampicillin, vancomycin and linezolid.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Single and multidrug resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium varied by season but not water type. Antimicrobial resistance prevalence can assist decisions on the safety of irrigation water sources for fresh produce crops.
Maternal probiotics supplementation improves immune and antioxidant function in suckling piglets via modifying gut microbiota
Authors: Ma Cui , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Tang Wu , Zhu Qian , Wang Wei , Gao Qiankun , Kong Xiangfeng
Published: April 2022

Aim

Probiotics could improve the health, growth, and development of host or their foetuses/offspring via regulating gut microbiota. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota and metabolites of sows and their suckling piglets, as well as plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative/anti-oxidative indexes, and inflammatory cytokine levels of suckling piglets.

Methods and Results

A total of 32 pregnant Bama mini-pigs were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The sows were fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet supplemented with probiotics (probiotics group) from mating to day 21 of lactation. Samples from sows were collected on day 105 of pregnancy and day 21 of lactation and from piglets on day 21 of lactation. The results showed that probiotics supplementation increased the faecal abundances of Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Anaeroplasma and decreased Tenericutes on day 105 of pregnancy while increased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Anaerostipes and decreased Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio on day 21 of lactation. In addition, probiotics supplementation decreased the faecal levels of tryptamine, putrescine, and cadaverine on day 105 of pregnancy and isovalerate and skatole on day 21 of lactation while increased butyrate level on day 21 of lactation. Further studies showed that maternal probiotics supplementation decreased the plasma levels of AMM, TC, LDL-C, Ala, Tau, MDA, H2O2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-α of suckling piglets. Moreover, maternal probiotics supplementation increased the abundances of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, and Fusobacterium while decreased Anaerostipes in piglet's colon. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a potential link between gut microbiota alterations and their metabolites.

Conclusions

Dietary probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and lactation periods could improve sow status, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation response, and improve nutrient metabolism of piglets by altering the gut microbiota.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The probiotics alter maternal and offspring's gut microbiota involving in offspring's physiological and metabolic changes, and present a new perspective that the effects of gut microbiota changes induced by probiotics supplementation will help in addressing the growth and development and health problem of their foetuses/offspring.
Characterization of microbial intolerances and ruminal dysbiosis towards different dietary carbohydrate sources using an in vitro model
Authors: Kheirandish Parisa , Petri Renee Maxine , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi Elisabeth , Berthiller Franz , Zebeli Qendrim , Pacífico Cátia
Published: April 2022

Aim

This study aimed to characterize the critical points for determining the development of dysbiosis associated with feed intolerances and ruminal acidosis.

Methods and Results

A metabologenomics approach was used to characterize dynamic microbial and metabolomics shifts using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) by feeding native cornstarch (ST), chemically modified cornstarch (CMS), or sucrose (SU). SU and CMS elicited the most drastic changes as rapidly as 4 h after feeding. This was accompanied by a swift accumulation of d-lactate, and the decline of benzoic and malonic acid. A consistent increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as well as a decrease in fibrolytic bacteria was observed for both CMS and ST after 24 h, indicating intolerances within the fibre degrading populations. However, an increase in Lactobacillus was already evident in SU after 8 h. An inverse relationship between Fibrobacter and Bifidobacterium was observed in ST. In fact, Fibrobacter was positively correlated with several short-chain fatty acids, while Lactobacillus was positively correlated with lactic acid, hexoses, hexose-phosphates, pentose phosphate pathway (PENTOSE-P-PWY), and heterolactic fermentation (P122-PWY).

Conclusions

The feeding of sucrose and modified starches, followed by native cornstarch, had a strong disruptive effect in the ruminal microbial community. Feed intolerances were shown to develop at different rates based on the availability of glucose for ruminal microorganisms.

Significance and Impact of the study

These results can be used to establish patterns of early dysbiosis (biomarkers) and develop strategies for preventing undesirable shifts in the ruminal microbial ecosystem.
Plant-associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches
Authors: Raghav Divyangi , Jyoti Anupam , Siddiqui Arif Jamal , Saxena Juhi
Published: April 2022

There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic fungi contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfil their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence, it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Furthermore, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
Occupational fatigue, workload and nursing teamwork in hospital nurses
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Sagherian Knar , Scott Linda D. , Steege Linsey M.
Published: April 2022

Aims

To evaluate the relationships between workload, nursing teamwork and nurse fatigue and the moderating effect of nursing teamwork on the relationship between workload and fatigue.

Design

This cross‐sectional online survey study used data from 810 United States hospital nurses collected between March and April 2021.

Methods

Workload, nursing teamwork and fatigue were measured using the Quantitative Workload Inventory, the Nursing Teamwork Survey, and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery scale. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used.

Results

All the nursing teamwork subscales (i.e. trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, team leadership) were significantly negatively related to acute and chronic fatigue. Nursing teamwork components of team orientation, shared mental model and team leadership moderated the relationship between workload and chronic fatigue. The relationships between workload and chronic fatigue were stronger when these components of nursing teamwork were high. No moderating effects were found with acute fatigue.

Conclusion

Efforts to increase nursing teamwork may be a promising strategy in managing nurse fatigue. It is equally important to monitor and modify high workload to protect nurses from elevated fatigue.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

Fatigue is negatively associated with the health and safety of hospital nurses and patients.

Nursing teamwork has been shown to improve the nursing care of hospitalized patients; yet, it is rarely explored in relation to nurse fatigue.

What were the main findings?

Greater nursing teamwork is significantly associated with lower acute and chronic fatigue.

The relationships between workload and chronic fatigue were stronger when nursing teamwork (i.e. team orientation, shared mental model and team leadership) was high than when nursing teamwork was low.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

Improving nursing teamwork, in addition to monitoring and modifying workloads, can be a promising approach for managing fatigue in healthcare organizations.
Exploring crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms of an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants—A qualitative study
Authors: van Wieringen Marieke , Kee Karin , Gobbens Robbert J. J. , Nies Henk , Beersma Bianca , Groenewegen Peter
Published: April 2022

Aims

To identify crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms of, and lessons learned from hindrances in an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants and contribute to the development of similar programmes in other care settings.

Design

Exploratory qualitative study.

Methods

Between May 2017 and September 2020, we used in‐depth interviews and participant observations to study four groups participating in an empowerment programme for certified nursing assistants (N = 44).

Results

We identified three crucial empowerment‐enhancing programme characteristics: (1) inviting participants to move outside their comfort zone of caregiving; (2) stimulating the use of untapped talents, competencies and interests; (3) supporting the rediscovery of participants' occupational role and worth. Crucial group mechanisms encompassed learning from and with each other, as well as mechanisms of self‐correction and self‐motivation. Hindrances included a perceived lack of direction, and a lack of organizational support and facilitation.

Conclusion

We showed the significance of creating an inviting and stimulating environment in which participants can explore and function in ways they otherwise would not. Likewise, we identified how this can help participants learn from, critically correct and motivate one another.

Impact

The programme under study was uniquely aimed to empower certified nursing assistants. Our insights on crucial programme characteristics and group mechanisms may benefit those who develop empowerment programmes, but also policymakers and managers in supporting certified nursing assistants and other nursing professions in empowerment endeavours. Such empowerment may enhance employee retention and make occupational members more likely to address challenges affecting their occupational group and the long‐term care sector.
Exploring juvenile court outcomes as a function ofjudge‐youthcharacteristics and interactions
Authors: Knoche Victoria A. , Marsh Shawn C. , Skinner‐Ling Tahliah
Published: April 2022

This study examined judge‐juvenile verbal interaction characteristics, demographics, and demographic match at adjudication and their associations with juveniles’ behavioral outcomes. Data were collected from audio recordings of hearings and case files from 86 delinquency cases adjudicated in an urban juvenile court in the Southwestern United States as part of a larger research project involving observable procedural justice. Results suggest that some juvenile, judge, and match characteristics had significant associations with both judge‐juvenile interactions (e.g., length of conversations) and juvenile case outcomes (e.g., fewer continuances). We detail these findings and offer considerations for court practice.
Effective communication with participants in court hearings: using polyvagal theory in the courtroom
Authors: Bailey Rebecca , Bailey Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

The polyvagal theory introduces the premise that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an essential role in detecting threats and calming social engagement. In busy courtrooms, the subtle nuances of communication can be missed or overlooked. Messages of threat activate an autonomic state from calm to agitated beneath conscious awareness. When shifts occur, information can be misunderstood or misinterpreted, resulting in overly defensive responses from all parties. The polyvagal theory suggests a perspective that encourages self‐reflection and awareness to counterbalance the inevitable physical and mental stress of managing todays’ courtrooms.
Descriptive epidemiology of variants of infectious salmon anaemia virus in four Atlantic salmon farms in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Romero João F. , Gardner Ian A. , Hammell Larry , Groman David , Whelan Daryl , O’Brien Nicole , Hawkins Leighanne J. , Burnley Holly , Thakur Krishna
Published: April 2022

An incursion of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) was detected in 2020 in southern Newfoundland, Canada. This resulted in an outbreak affecting four marine farms stocking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated against ISAV. This study provides the first description of epidemiologic characteristics of an ISAV outbreak in 2020 and 2021, and detected ISAV variants at the population level. Fish kidneys were screened for ISAV by real‐time RT‐PCR and non‐negative samples were submitted for genotyping and further diagnostic testing. Nine distinct ISAV variants were identified: five European and three North American (NA) HPRΔ ISAV, and one NA‐HPR0 ISAV variant. A notable finding was the concurrent detection of both an HPR0 and an HPRΔ ISAV variant in one individual fish. In two farms, both European and NA variants were simultaneously detected, while in the other two farms either NA or European variants were identified, but not both together. Generally, mortality increases followed rises in ISAV prevalence and cycle threshold values on RT‐PCR decreased with time. Epidemiologic descriptions of ISAV outbreaks in Atlantic Canada contributes to the understanding of local disease dynamics and identification of changes thereof. Such insights are essential for the strengthening of disease management plans.
Temperature affects settlement success of ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and impacts the immune and stress response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Ugelvik Mathias Stølen , Mæhle Stig , Dalvin Sussie
Published: April 2022

In this study, the effect of temperature on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stress and immune response to the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) was investigated. We found that infestation affected the expression of several immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin especially at the site of lice attachment compared to un‐infested control fish. Moreover, expression patterns in the skin of infested fish suggest that host immune responses towards salmon lice are impaired at low temperatures. However, reduced lice infestation success and survival at the lowest investigated temperatures suggest that cold water temperatures are more detrimental to the lice than their fish hosts. Finally, temperature affected the stress response of the fish and infected fish had a higher increase in cortisol levels in response to handling (a stressor) than un‐infested controls.
Over‐the‐counter hearing aids: What will it mean for older Americans?
Authors: Blustein Jan , Weinstein Barbara E. , Chodosh Joshua
Published: April 2022

In October 2021 the Food and Drug Administration released draft rules creating a new class of hearing aids to be sold over the counter. Since Medicare does not cover hearing aids, the ready availability of low‐cost aids is potentially good news for the millions of older Americans with hearing loss, a disorder that is associated with isolation, depression and poor health. However, better financial access to hearing aids will not necessarily translate into better hearing: many older people will need assistance in fitting, using and maintaining their aids. Policymakers, managers, and clinicians need to consider how to structure, fund and deliver these vital adjunctive services.
Opioid administration trends among long‐stay community living centers residents with dementia
Authors: Wang Huiying , Cai Shubing , Caprio Thomas , Goulet Joseph , Intrator Orna
Published: April 2022

Background

Pain assessment and management of Veterans with Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) living in Community Living Centers (CLCs) is challenging. Safe and effective use of opioids in the treatment of pain is of great concern to patients and providers promulgating national policies and guidelines.

Methods

This study examined long‐stay CLC Veterans with ADRD identified in three regulatory periods (period 1: 10/2012–6/2013, n = 3347; period 2: 1/2014–11/2015, n = 4426; period 3: 1/2017–9/2018, n = 4444; Total N = 12,217).This population‐based observational study used CLC Minimum Data Set (MDS) data in Fiscal Years (FYs) 2013–2018 and VA bar‐code medication administration (BCMA) data. Opioid administration measures included: any opioids, long‐term opioids, high‐dose opioids, and co‐administration with benzodiazepine. Measures were modeled using negative binomial regression with length of stay in CLC as offset adjusting for Veteran predisposing, enabling and need measures from the MDS.

Results

Compared to period 1, any opioid administration was 26% lower in period 2, and 34% lower in period 3. Among Veterans who received any opioid medications over the three regulatory periods, high‐dose and long‐term opioid administration were more than 40% lower in periods 2 and 3 compared to period 1. Co‐administration of opioid with benzodiazepine versus no opioid was 11% lower in period 2 and 34% lower in period 3 after adjusting for patient level covariates.

Conclusions

All patterns of opioid administration decreased over the four opioid regulations periods when guidelines were promulgated across the VA health system. Further research should clarify whether decreasing opioids among patients with ADRD impacted health outcomes.
Sustainable changes in beauty market trends focused on the perspective of safety in the post‐coronavirus disease‐19 period
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: April 2022

Background

In February 2020, WHO announced the outbreak of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) in a global epidemic, and the COVID‐19 vaccine has recently been developed and approved in many countries to release disease radio waves. Immediately distributed and used to control and control infections. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the world closed extensively in beauty and beauty services to control the spread of the virus.

Objectives

Therefore, this study for the first time that the perspective of safety in sustainable may be applied to the entire alteration of beauty industry market in the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic for literature review.

Methods

A Narrative Review is proposed as a new report and commentary on the sustainable change of beauty market trends centered on safety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in December 2020. It was written with reference to keywords such as “Covid Beauty Market,” “Covid Sustainable,” “Covid clean beauty,” and “Safety beauty.” This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 383 papers were retrieved, of which 36 were successfully included in this study.

Results

Analysis of customers and markets in the beauty industry since COVID‐19 was absolutely required at this time. Harmful and safe edible ingredients of clean beauty perspective should be compared and analyzed. In addition, importance of sustainability value from a clean beauty perspective should be considered.

Conclusion

There is an era in which the perspective of safety in sustainable may be applied to the entire beauty industry today. In addition, depending on the customer's perception change, beyond the ingredients, raw material procurement of products, manufacturing process, product experiments, etc. are part of clean beauty to minimize carbon emissions, water use, recycle product containers, and reduce waste.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation as a resistance force in lingual exercise: A preliminary proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Takahashi Noriaki , Barikroo Ali , Crary Michael A. , Dungan Sarah , Carnaby Giselle D.
Published: April 2022

Background

Limited knowledge exists regarding whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES)‐based exercise can improve the lingual pressure generation.

Objectives

To compare the effect of submental TES with two different pulse durations (PD) coupled with isometric lingual exercises on lingual pressure measures.

Methods

Twenty‐eight healthy volunteers were divided into two submental TES groups: short PD (300 μs) and long PD (700 μs). The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used for lingual pressure measurements and exercise. In total, participants attended six exercise sessions 3 days per week for 2 consecutive weeks. Maximum and swallowing lingual pressures were measured 1 h following each exercise session and 3 days after the final session to assess any detraining effect. Data were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Results

Mean maximum lingual pressure change was significantly greater in TES with short PD versus the long PD condition following the first week of exercise. Following the 2‐week exercise, a significant increase was found in mean maximum lingual pressure for short and long PD conditions compared with the baseline. However, no significant difference was found between PD conditions for maximum lingual pressure. Likewise, no significant differences in swallowing lingual pressure were found compared with the baseline or across the two TES conditions.

Conclusion

Although short PD induced greater gain in maximum lingual pressure than the long PD after week 1, the enhanced effect faded after week 2, leading to a comparable increase in maximum lingual pressure for both groups. However, increased gain in maximum lingual pressure was not transferred to lingual pressure during swallowing.
Whole System Analysis Is Required To Determine The Fate Of Macroalgal Carbon: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dolliver Jessie , O’Connor Nessa
Published: April 2022

The role of marine primary producers in capturing atmospheric CO2has received increased attention in the global mission to mitigate climate change. Yet, our understanding of carbon sequestration performed by macroalgae has been limited to a relatively small number of studies that have estimated the ultimate fate of macroalgal‐derived carbon. This systematic review was conducted to provide a timely synthesis of the methods used to determine the fate of macroalgal carbon in this rapidly expanding research area. It also aimed to provide suggestions for more effective future research. We found that the most common methods to estimate the fate of macroalgal carbon can be categorized into groups based on those that quantify: (i) export of macroalgal carbon to other environments—known as horizontal transport; (ii) sequestration of macroalgal carbon into deep‐sea sediments—known as vertical transport; (iii) burial of macroalgal carbon directly beneath a benthic community; (iv) the loss of macroalgal carbon as particulate carbon or dissolved carbon to the water column; (v) the loss of macroalgal carbon to primary consumers; and finally (vi) those studies that combined multiple methods in one location. Based on this review, several recommendations for future research were formulated, which require the combination of multiple methods in a whole system analysis approach.
Normal misconduct in the prescription opioid supply chain
Authors: Skilton Paul F. , Bernardes Ednilson
Published: April 2022

How and when do relationships between supply chain stages normalize misconduct? This question is especially relevant to oversupply, a form of normal misconduct peculiar to supply chains. Oversupply occurs when apparently ordinary production and distribution processes deliver products in excess of the safe needs of a market. Although past research sheds light on firm‐level processes of organizational misconduct, it has neglected the question of between‐stage influences on systemic phenomena like oversupply. We explore this question by analyzing the oversupply of prescription drugs that fueled the American opioid epidemic during the early decades of the 21st century. Manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies, and physicians have settled billions of dollars in claims related to opioid oversupply. These settlements overshadow the fact that many supply chain members made the strategic choice to not participate in oversupply. Focusing on the pharmacy stage of the supply chain, this study finds that participation in opioid oversupply is positively influenced by pressure from supplier pools and by the example of nearby competitors as well as by market characteristics. We test our model using a unique dataset that combines geographic, market, and public health data with prescription opioid transaction data from the United States Drug Enforcement Agency. The study breaks new ground by developing the oversupply construct to explain how pressures within supply chains shape misconduct. The oversupply concept is widely generalizable with the potential to inform a next generation of responsible supply chain research that addresses wicked problems like toxic production and consumption.
Changes in foraging behaviour suggest competition between wild and domestic ungulates: Guanaco and domestic sheep in southern Patagonia
Authors: Lancaster A. , Corti P. , Fernández T. , Moraga C. A. , Radic‐Schilling S. , von Hardenberg A.
Published: April 2022

Previous attempts to address the presence of interspecific competition between domestic livestock and wild ungulates have focused largely on habitat or dietary overlaps. Although overlaps in habitat or diet create opportunities for competition to occur between species, competition only results from such overlap if it affects one or both species negatively. Less attention has been afforded to possible behavioural modifications induced in wildlife by competition with domestic livestock. Here, we investigated the effects of the presence of livestock on feeding behaviour of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in southern Patagonia, using focal sampling of individuals during foraging bouts, with instantaneous scan samples to estimate group behavioural budgets. We recorded guanaco bite and step rates, used as proxies of foraging intake and selectivity, from four different study sites over eight consecutive seasons. We also estimated sheep and guanaco densities per site, along with vegetation biomass availability. As in other ungulates, bite rates of guanaco appear to be highly flexible and generally increased with vegetation biomass availability. However, as sheep densities and thus additional grazing pressure increased, guanaco foraging strategy compensated by increasing bite rates when foraging vegetation was scarce, indicating further likelihood of competition. Additionally, scan samples indicated that the probability of guanaco feeding occurring at any one time was higher in areas shared with domestic sheep compared to national parks, suggesting guanaco have to focus more on feeding than other behaviours when sheep are present.
Symptom patterns in the daily life of PSC patients
Authors: van Munster Kim N. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Oude Elferink Ronald P. J. , Beuers Ulrich , Ponsioen Cyriel Y.
Published: April 2022

Background & Aims

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) may suffer from complaints such as pruritus, right upper abdominal quadrant pain (RUQ‐A) and fatigue. However, the severity of these complaints, daily and/or seasonal patterns and other factors of influence in PSC are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess daily symptoms and patterns thereof in PSC patients in their natural setting.

Methods

A mobile application was designed according to the experience sampling method. Push notifications with a response time of max 4 h were sent during tiers of 3 months. Questions comprised VAS scales on degree of pruritus, fatigue, RUQ‐A, time of the day these symptoms were worst, as well as time of intake of medication. Linear mixed modelling was used to identify patient‐ and external factors associated with pruritus, fatigue and RUQ‐A pain.

Results

A total of 6713 questionnaires were completed by 137 patients. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom among PSC patients being reported in a striking 71% of measurements, followed by pruritus (38%). Both increased during the day and were associated with longer disease duration. A highly significant correlation between pruritus and day temperature was observed (ρ = −0.14, p = .000), and itch was generally worse during winter (p = .000). Patient preference for the tool was high.

Conclusion

Pruritus and fatigue are prevalent symptoms in the daily life of PSC patients and show a distinct diurnal pattern. This may have implications for efficient dosing of anti‐pruritic agents. The level of pruritus is highly correlated with day temperature, which may have several implications.
CsrD regulates amylovoran biosynthesis and virulence in Erwinia amylovora in a novel cyclic‐di‐GMP dependent manner
Authors: Kharadi Roshni R. , Sundin George W.
Published: April 2022

Erwinia amylovora is an economically devastating plant pathogen that causes fire blight disease in members of the Rosaceae family, most notably in apple and pear. The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is a pathogenicity determinant in E. amylovora and a major component of the extracellular matrix of biofilms formed within the xylem vasculature of the host plant. The second messenger cyclic‐di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) has been reported to positively regulate the transcription of amsG (the first gene in the 12‐gene amylovoran [ams] biosynthetic operon), thus impacting amylovoran production. However, the regulatory mechanism by which this interaction occurs is largely unknown. Here, we report that c‐di‐GMP can bind to specific residues in the EAL domain of the E. amylovora protein CsrD. CsrD and RNase E regulate the degradation of the sRNA CsrB in E. amylovora. When CsrD is bound to c‐di‐GMP, there is an enhancement in the level of RNase E‐mediated degradation of CsrB, which then alters amsG transcription. Additionally, csrD was also found to positively contribute to virulence and biofilm formation. We thus present a pathway of conditional regulation of amylovoran production mediated by changing intracellular levels of c‐di‐GMP, which impacts disease progression.
The effect of an ICU liaison nurse‐led family‐centred transition intervention program in an adult ICU
Authors: Li Baiyu , Yang Qin
Published: April 2022

Background

ICUs follow a restrictive companionship policy, especially after the COVID‐19 outbreak. This strategy often limits the time families spend with patients, hinders their knowledge and skills in caregiving, and the sudden transfer of ICU patients to assist with disease monitoring and daily care can be very stressful for families. It is beneficial to use the transition period of transferring ICU patients to help families adjust to the role of caregiver.

Aim

To develop and implement a patient‐ and family‐centered transitional care intervention plan for patients transferred to the ICU.

Design

Prospective, pretest and posttest design.

Methods

The experimental group received an individualized family‐centered transition plan led by the ICU liaison nurse that included 1) communication with health care professionals; distribution of a transfer booklet; 2) identification of nursing issues and communication with the ward nurse; invitation of family members to participate in the patient's rehabilitation; 3) follow‐up instruction on bedside range of motion exercises; and provision of a patient rehabilitation diary. Patients in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, Family Satisfaction with ICU Patients (FS‐ICU), the Family Relocation Stress Scale (FRSS), and the Stanford Acute Stress Response Questionnaire (SASRQR).

Results

After the intervention, the total family satisfaction score of ICU patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (87.18 ± 8.38 vs 78.74 ± 10.63,p<0.001), and the satisfaction with the care and information provided was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (p< 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups in terms of satisfaction with decision making (p>0.001). The level of relocation stress of patients' families was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention (p< 0.001). And there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of patients' acute stress disorder scores (p>0.001).

Conclusion

The implementation of a family‐involved transition care programme significantly improved the satisfaction of ICU patients' families and reduced the stress of relocation for patients' families.

Relevance to clinical practice

Focusing on the transition of ICU patients to ensure continuity of critical care and improve the quality of care for ICU patient transfers can be accomplished through a family‐centered transition care plan led by the ICU liaison nurse.
Family member's experiences with and evaluation of an ICU Liaison Nurse Service: A qualitative study
Authors: Boerenbeker Pernilla , Brandén Ann‐Sofie , Chaboyer Wendy , Hilli Yvonne , Johansson Lotta
Published: April 2022

Background

Family members of critically ill patients often experience anxiety when their relatives are transferred from ICU to another level of care. ICU liaison nurse (ICULN) visits have been associated with improved support for patients, their families and nursing staff but has not been extensively studied in the non‐English speaking setting. Yet, cross‐country variations such as how hospital care is delivered and by who means that innovations such as the ICULN may not be able to be simply transferred to other contexts and may not have similar outcomes.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate family member's experiences with and evaluation of ICULN support service in one Swedish ICU.

Study Design

A qualitative evaluation study was undertaken, recruiting family members of former ICU patients. Audio‐taped in‐depth interviews were conducted. Data were analysed by content analysis.

Findings

Fifteen family members were interviewed. Two categories: Minds the gap between intensive care and the next care level and providing stability in an uncertain situation were identified. The ICULN supported the family members both directly, when the ICULNs listened to their questions and met their needs, and indirectly, when the ICULNs took responsibility for the patients and their physical and psychological conditions and wellbeing.

Conclusion

Families valued and were satisfied with the ICULN service but also gave suggestions to improve the service in this particular hospital context.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The study showed that an ICULN support service met several needs of family members and therefore was a beneficial way to support patients and family members in the transition from the ICU to the ward.
miniTurbo‐based interactomics of two plasma membrane‐localized SNARE proteins in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Melkonian Katharina , Stolze Sara Christina , Harzen Anne , Nakagami Hirofumi
Published: April 2022

Marchantia polymorpha is a model liverwort and its overall low genetic redundancy is advantageous for dissecting complex pathways. Proximity‐dependent in vivo biotin‐labelling methods have emerged as powerful interactomics tools in recent years. However, interactomics studies applying proximity labelling are currently limited to angiosperm species in plants.

Here, we established and evaluated a miniTurbo‐based interactomics method in M. polymorpha using MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B, two plasma membrane‐localized SNARE proteins, as baits.

We show that our method yields a manifold of potential interactors of MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B compared to a coimmunoprecipitation approach. Our method could capture specific candidates for each SNARE.

We conclude that a miniTurbo‐based method is a feasible tool for interactomics in M. polymorpha and potentially applicable to other model bryophytes. Our interactome dataset on MpSYP12A and MpSYP13B will be a useful resource to elucidate the evolution of SNARE functions.
CLE42 delays leaf senescence by antagonizing ethylene pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tan Shuya , Gao Yuhan , Kan Chengcheng , Wang Hou‐Ling , Yang Qi , Xia Xinli , Ishida Takashi , Sawa Shinichiro , Guo Hongwei , Li Zhonghai
Published: April 2022

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is influenced by numerous internal and environmental factors. CLE family peptides are plant‐specific peptide hormones that regulate various developmental processes. However, the role of CLE in regulating Arabidopsis leaf senescence remains unclear.

Here, we found that CLE42 is a negative regulator of leaf senescence by using a CRISPR/Cas9‐produced CLE mutant collection. The cle42 mutant displayed earlier senescence phenotypes, while overexpression of CLE42 delayed age‐dependent and dark‐induced leaf senescence. Moreover, application of the synthesized 12‐amino‐acid peptide (CLE42p) also delayed leaf senescence under natural and dark conditions. CLE42 and CLE41/44 displayed functional redundancy in leaf senescence, and the cle41 cle42 cle44 triple mutant displayed more pronounced earlier senescence phenotypes than any single mutant.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes obtained by RNA‐Seq methodology revealed that the ethylene pathway was suppressed by overexpressing CLE42. Moreover, CLE42 suppressed ethylene biosynthesis and thus promoted the protein accumulation of EBF, which in turn decreased the function of EIN3. Accordingly, mutation of EIN3/EIL1 or overexpression of EBF1 suppressed the earlier senescence phenotypes of the cle42 mutant.

Together, our results reveal that the CLE peptide hormone regulates leaf senescence by communicating with the ethylene pathway.
Is apicectomy with retrograde filling still relevant in contemporary dental practice? A 25‐year retrospective review
Authors: Anyanechi Charles Ezechukwu
Published: April 2022

Background

Apicectomy with retrograde filling has always been a viable treatment option for a tooth when conventional endodontic therapy is not indicated, impossible or unsuccessful.

Objective

To determine reasons for apicectomy with retrograde filling, dentitions affected, age and gender of the patients, including complication(s) 4 years after the procedures.

Materials and Methods

This is a 25‐year retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients treated in the study centre. Clinical symptoms and signs of morbidity and mortality of tooth‐like pain, tenderness to percussion and evidence of discharging sinus or fistula formation, swelling, tooth mobility and loss were recorded 4 weeks after the procedures. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed.

Results

A total of 567 procedures were done in 567 patients, 34 (6.0%) failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Consequently, of the 533 patients used for analysis, 58.4% were males whilst 41.6% are females with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 (p = 0.04). A majority (94.2%) of the patients are in the age group of 17–46 years (p = 0.000). The indications for the procedures showed that failed root canal therapy (78.2%) was significant (p = 0.001). More cases were done in the maxillary anterior dentition (82.7%, p = 0.001), and 97.8% (p = 0.000) was treated successfully.

Conclusion

This study shows that a significant majority of the patients were successfully managed, which suggests that the procedure is still an indication for the management of the conditions diagnosed.
Do adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental extraction? A systematic review
Authors: Abed Hassan , Alsahafi Elham
Published: April 2022

Background

The spleen is a multi‐functional organ that supports the immune system and is involved in the production of platelets and red blood cells. People with splenic dysfunctions or asplenia are predisposed to infection; hence, adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia may require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures to prevent possible bacteraemia which could be caused by dental extraction.

Aims

To assess the current evidence to determine whether adults with splenic dysfunction, splenectomy or congenital asplenia require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental extraction.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (registration number: CRD42021230933) was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. PROSPERO was searched for ongoing or recently completed systematic reviews and The ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for ongoing or recently completed trials. The evidence of all articles was evaluated based on the Oxford Level of Evidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to summarise the evidence.

Results

Nine articles published from 1984 to 2016 were included in the data synthesis and analysis. The included articles presented level 5 evidence; hence, all were identified at level D of the recommendation.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prophylaxis should not be routinely prescribed for adults with splenic dysfunctions, splenectomy or congenital asplenia prior to dental extraction as sepsis post‐dental extraction in this group of patients is very rare.
Successful haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and durable engraftment by repeated donor lymphocyte infusions for a Chinese patient with transfusion‐dependent hemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith and massive splenomegaly
Authors: Chan Wilson Y. K. , Chan Nelson C. N. , So Jason C. C. , Lee Pamela P. W. , Cheuk Daniel K. L. , Ha S. Y. , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Leung Wing
Published: April 2022

Background

Hemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith is a rare form of unstable β‐chain hemoglobinopathy causing hemolytic anemia. This rare event led to a more serious transfusion‐dependent phenotype in a patient. It was successfully cured by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods and Results

A 9‐year‐old mainland Chinese male with a history of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed to have hemoglobin (Hb) Hammersmith. He required regular blood transfusion but was unable to be transfused to desired parameters for 8 years prior to transplant due to social and geographical reasons. He subsequently developed marrow hyperplasia and progressive splenomegaly (down to umbilicus level), suggestive of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Eventually, the family came to Hong Kong and complied to a more intensive transfusion regimen and preconditioning chemotherapy 3 months prior to transplant. He underwent haploidentical HSCT using paternal TCRαβ/CD45RA‐depleted graft but suffered from graft rejection, despite splenic irradiation for massive splenomegaly. It was successfully salvaged with second HSCT with unmanipulated graft from the same donor with additional serotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusions.

Conclusion

Allogenic haploidentical HSCT for hemoglobin Hammersmith is feasible but adequate immunosuppression during conditioning is crucial. Precise adoptive cell therapy can promote durable engraftment.
Nature aesthetics
Authors: Dow James M.
Published: April 2022

Nature aesthetics is concerned with four core questions: What is a natural environment? What is relevant, psychologically speaking, to the aesthetic appreciation of natural environments? How ought we to aesthetically appreciate natural environments? What is the relationship between nature aesthetics and environmental ethics? In this essay, I first address in Section 2 whether theorizing about nature aesthetics is possible by challenging the non‐aesthetics view, according to which aesthetic appreciation of nature is not possible, and the relativity view, according to which aesthetic appreciation of nature is possible, but it is an anything goes affair. In Section 3, I outline the core arguments for scientific cognitivism and provide objections to those arguments, making room for alternative views. In Section 4, I outline the distinction between cognitivism and non‐cognitivism and discuss the benefits of the engagement view. In Section 5, I outline the sympathetic imagination view of nature aesthetics. In Section 6, I discuss the emotions view. In Section 7, after summarizing the lessons learned from these debates, I argue for a new view— Enacting Nature's Value— which proposes that we need to rethink nature aesthetics in terms of an enactivist account of aesthetic agency according to which the aesthetic appreciation of nature is a skilled action. In Section 8, I close by considering four future directions for nature aesthetics in the second generation of inquiry.