bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long non‐coding RNAs regulate treatment outcome in leukemia: What have we learnt recently?
Authors: Shi Huiping , Gao Liang , Zhang Weili , Jiang Min
Published: May 2023

Leukemia is a group of highly heterogeneous and life‐threatening blood cancers that originate from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple treatments are approved for leukemia, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance occurs in a substantial proportion of patients and greatly compromises the treatment efficacy of leukemia, resulting in relapse and mortality. The abnormal activity of receptor tyrosine kinases, cell membrane transporters, intracellular signal transducers, transcription factors, and anti‐apoptotic proteins have been shown to contribute to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms of treatment resistance are still not fully understood, which limits the development of effective measures to overcome it. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a class of regulatory molecules that are gaining increasing attention, and lncRNA‐mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance against multiple drugs for leukemia is being revealed. These dysregulated lncRNAs not only serve as potential targets to reduce resistance but also might improve treatment response prediction and individualized treatment decision. Here, we summarize the recent findings on lncRNA‐mediated regulation of therapeutic resistance in leukemia and discuss future perspectives on how to make use of the dysregulated lncRNAs in leukemia to improve treatment outcome.
Identification of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone: Results of a retrospective study
Authors: Han Yi‐min , Qi Wei‐xiang , Wang Shu‐bei , Cao Wei‐guo , Chen Jia‐yi , Cai Gang
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) appears in a few clinical studies as an alternative to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) in selected patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of nCT with or without nCRT in patients with LARC and to identify patients who may be suitable for nCT alone.

Materials and Methods

A total of 155 patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant treatment (NT) were retrospectively analysed from January 2016 to June 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: nCRT (n = 101) and nCT (n = 54). More patients with locally advanced disease (cT4, cN+ and magnetic resonance imaging‐detected mesorectal fascia [mrMRF] positive [+]) were found in the nCRT group. Patients in the nCRT group received a dose of 50 Gy/25 Fx irradiation with concurrent capecitabine, and the median number of nCT cycles was two. In the nCT group, the median number of cycles was four.

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 30 months. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in the nCRT group was significantly higher than that in the nCT group (17.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.047). A significant difference was observed in the locoregional recurrence rate (LRR); 6.9% in the nCRT group and 16.7% in the nCT group (p = 0.011). Among patients with initial mrMRF (+) status, the LRR in the nCRT group was significantly lower than that in the nCT group (6.1% vs. 20%, p = 0.007), but not in patients with initial mrMRF negative (−) (10.5% in each group, p = 0.647). Compared with the nCT group, a lower LRR was observed in patients in the nCRT group with initial mrMRF (+) converted to mrMRF (−) after NT (5.3% vs. 23%, p = 0.009). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding acute toxicity and overall and progression‐free survivals. Multivariate analysis showed that nCRT and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors for the development of LRR.

Conclusion

Patients with initial mrMRF (−) may be suitable for nCT alone. However, patients with initial mrMRF (+) converted to mrMRF (−) after nCT are still at high risk of LRR, and radiotherapy is recommended. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Characteristics and research status among clinical trials in cardio‐oncology by bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Lini Liu , Rong Xu , Wei Huang , Xia Guo , Huayan Xu , Linjun Xie , Hongding Zhang , Gao Ju , Chao Lin , Yingkun Guo
Published: May 2023

Background

We aim to establish the characteristics of published cardio‐oncology research of clinical trials by bibliometric analysis and to talk about the prospects and difficulties facing the development of cardio‐oncology.

Methods

Search of data related to clinical trials in cardiac oncology from 1990 to 2022 from the Web of Science core collection. Using CiteSpace to perform co‐citation analysis of authors, countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, cited authors and cited literature, and keywords.

Results

Of the 607 clinical trial studies, the number of papers published per year has increased over time. The regions with the greatest influence were North America (especially the United States) and Europe. Multicenter research has always been the focus of cardio‐oncology research, but cross‐regional cooperation was still lacking. Myocardial toxicity caused by anthracyclines has received the earliest attention and has been studied for the longest time. Meanwhile, the efficacy and cardiotoxicity of new anticancer drugs always came into focus, but at a slow pace. Few studies on myocardial toxicity were related to the treatment of tumors except breast cancer. Risk factors, heart disease, adverse outcomes, follow‐up, and intervention protection were the major hotspots revealed by co‐citation cluster.

Conclusions

There is great potential for the development of clinical trials in cardio‐oncology, especially in multicenter cooperation across different regions. Expansion of tumor types, myocardial toxicity of different drugs, and effective interventions in the research direction and design of clinical trials are necessary.
Study on Chemical Components from Derris taiwaniana and Their Lung Epithelial Cell Protect Effects
Authors: Sun Fuxin , Ma Wenjing , Chen Yuhan , Chen Gang , Zhou Di , Li Ning
Published: May 2023

The ethanol extract of roots of Derris taiwaniana gave two undescribed compounds, 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐5′‐hydroxystilbene‐4‐O‐β‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1) and 4′,5‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyisoflavone‐7‐O‐β‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), along with thirty known components. Among them, compounds 14, 16–17, 23, 26–32 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Their structures were established based on physico‐chemical properties and spectroscopic data, the lung epithelial cell protective effects were evaluated using NNK‐induced MLE‐12 cells. Among them, 2α,3α‐epoxy‐5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavan‐(4β‐8‐catechin) (30) showed the best significant protective effect, speculated to be the key component of D. taiwaniana that plays a protective role in lung epithelial cells.
Fungal‐Based Biorefinery: From Renewable Resources to Organic Acids
Authors: Varriale Ludovica , Ulber Roland
Published: May 2023

Biorefineries are facilities in which lignocellulosic biomasses are converted in a wide range of bioproducts facilitating the transition from the use of petrochemical resources to renewable ones. Organic acids are considered very attractive for their utilization in different industrial areas as building blocks or as final bioproducts leading to a considerable market growth. They are metabolites which are naturally produced by microbials. The production of these molecules by filamentous fungi are attracting more attention due to their ability to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomasses and to contextually produce different organic acids. Contrarily to a lot of other microorganisms, fungi have the ability to ferment pentoses, broadening the substrate utilization. The integrated use of lignocellulosic biomasses as material input and fungi as biocatalyst can contribute to make biorefineries more successful. This review gives an overview about the lignocellulosic biomass structure and hydrolysis, fungal morphology, and how they are connected. Further, it describes some relevant organic acids with regard to their processes, biocatalysts, industrial applications, and market considerations.
Regulation of Active ZnO Species on Si‐based Supports with Diverse Textural Properties for Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yang Fuwen , Zhang Jie , Shi Zongbo , Chen Jinwei , Wang Gang , Zhao Junyu , Zhuo Runsheng , Wang Ruilin
Published: May 2023

Propylene is deemed as a kind of key raw materials with significant value in industrial production. Highly dispersed Zn species are served as active sites in catalyzing propane dehydrogenation reaction (PDH). More importantly, the morphology and textural properties of Si‐based support exert the great influence on the formation of active Zn species. Herein, active Zn species were dispersed on macroporous commercial SiO2, mesoporous siliceous materials (SBA‐15, MCF, DMSN, KIT‐6), and microporous silicalite‐1 (S‐1), respectively. Characterization result indicated that the dispersed active ZnO species were prone to be formed on S‐1, which could be attributed to the confinement effect of micropores in S‐1 and the abundant Si‐OH groups interacted with Zn2+ species. As a result, the optimal ZnOA/S‐1 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity (propane conversion of 40.4 %, propylene selectivity of 96.0 %, 550 °C, WHSV=0.47 h−1) during PDH process. Furthermore, the relatively considerable performance of ZnOA/S‐1 catalysts could help to offer a guidance on the design of efficient and low‐cost catalysts for PDH reaction.
KLF2 inhibits colorectal cancer progression and metastasis by inducing ferroptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Jia , Jiang Ji Ling , Chen Yi Mei , Lu Wei Qi
Published: May 2023

Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) belongs to the zinc finger family and is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene due to its low expression in various cancer types. However, its functional role and molecular pathway involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well defined. Herein, we investigated the potential mechanism of KLF2 in CRC cell invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We utilized the TCGA and GEPIA databases to analyze the expression of KLF2 in CRC patients and its correlation with different CRC stages and CRC prognosis. RT‐PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to measure KLF2 expression. Gain‐of‐function assays were performed to evaluate the role of KLF2 in CRC progression. Moreover, mechanistic experiments were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism and involved signaling pathways regulated by KLF2. Additionally, we also conducted a xenograft tumor assay to evaluate the role of KLF2 in tumorigenesis. KLF2 expression was low in CRC patient tissues and cell lines, and low expression of KLF2 was associated with poor CRC prognosis. Remarkably, overexpressing KLF2 significantly inhibited the invasion, migration, and EMT capabilities of CRC cells, and tumor growth in xenografts. Mechanistically, KLF2 overexpression induced ferroptosis in CRC cells by regulating glutathione peroxidase 4 expression. Moreover, this KLF2‐dependent ferroptosis in CRC cells was mediated by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway that resulted in the suppression of invasion, migration, and EMT of CRC cells. We report for the first time that KLF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC by inducing ferroptosis via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus providing a new direction for CRC prognosis assessment and targeted therapy.
Persistence in allergen immunotherapy: A longitudinal, prescription data‐based real‐world analysis
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Richter Hartmut , Sager Angelika , Miller Christoph , Müller Thomas , Jutel Marek
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in developed countries. The only treatment that tackles the underlying causes is allergen immunotherapy (AIT). This treatment is performed through two application routes, the subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or the sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). However, persistence during the long course of treatment over 3 years is key for the efficacy of this treatment option. The impaired adherence significantly impacts public health resources. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence of AIT for both application routes.

Methods

IQVIATM LRx was used to identify patients starting AIT between 2009 and 2018 with grass pollen (GP), early flowering tree pollen (EFTP) and house dust mite (HDM) allergens. Patients were classified within each allergen category by AIT groups (subcutaneous depigmented polymerised allergen AIT [dSCIT], other subcutaneous AIT [oSCIT] and SLIT) and age (5‐11 years, 12‐17 years, 18+ years). Furthermore, they were followed up for up to 3 years until the cessation of treatment. Patients, who were still on treatment after 3 years were deemed to be censored. Kaplan‐Meier curves of persistence were generated and compared by log‐rank tests.

Results

The number of patients included in the three allergen categories was 38,717 GP, 23,183 EFTP, and 41,728 HDM AIT. In all allergen categories and for any product group, patient persistence decreased with increasing age class with the difference between 5‐11 years and 12‐17 years greater than between the latter and 18+ years. The percentage of patients completing the first year of AIT was low, particularly for SLIT where 22.2%–27.1% of patients remained persistent after 12 months. The equivalent figures for dSCIT were 52.0%–64.1% and for oSCIT 38.3%–50.3%.

Conclusion

Persistence in AIT in AR was low in this retrospective prescription‐based database and was clearly linked to patient age and application route.
High‐performance graphics processing unit‐based strategy for tuning a unmanned aerial vehicle controller subject to time‐delay constraints
Authors: Fagundes‐Junior Leonardo , Canesche Michael , Ferreira Ricardo , Brandão Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Recently, high‐performance computing strategies have been implemented to improve performance analysis and reduce the development time of new solutions in robotic applications, such as path planning, machine learning, and vision, which require massive matrix computations. In this sense, this work aims to study the aerial robots' behavior during their mission execution. Due to the large search space in the set of parameter combinations and the high computational cost required to perform such an analysis after sequentially executing thousands of simulations, this work proposes an open‐source graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based implementation to simulate the robot behavior. A GPU‐accelerated flight route analysis for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems is proposed for the tuning control problem in the parameters‘ space considering the problem of delay in sending information to a ground control station. Considering our implementation, the experimental results show a speedup up to 325, 629, and 5959 in comparison to the parallel version with 16 threads, C coder converter, and native Matlab code, respectively. The implementation is available in the Colab Google platform and it can easily be expanded for analyses involving larger amounts of different parameters, robot models, strategies, and controllers.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon‐Based Multicomponent Integration Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Lu‐Yao , Li Jin‐Feng , Lu Zi‐Wei , Zhang Jia , He Chun‐Ting
Published: May 2023

Electrocatalytic water splitting powered by sustainable electricity is a crucial approach for the development of new generation green hydrogen technology. Biomass materials are abundant and renewable, and the application of catalysis can increase the value of some biomass waste and turn waste into fortune. Converting economical and resource‐rich biomass into carbon‐based multicomponent integrated catalysts (MICs) has been considered as one of the most promising ways to obtain inexpensive, renewable and sustainable electrocatalysts in recent years. In this review, recent advances in biomass‐derived carbon‐based MICs towards electrocatalytic water splitting are summarized, and the existing issues and key aspects in the development of these electrocatalysts are also discussed and prospected. The application of biomass‐derived carbon‐based materials will bring some new opportunities in the fields of energy, environment, and catalysis, as well as promote the commercialization of new nanocatalysts in the near future.
A multiphysical‐geochemical coupling model for caprock sealing efficiency in CO2 geosequestration
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Wang Huimin , Wang Xiaolin , Yang Shengqi , Wu Hongtao , Leung Chunfai , Tian Jiali
Published: May 2023

Precipitation or dissolution due to geochemical reactions has been observed in the caprocks for CO2 geosequestration. Geochemical reactions modify the caprock sealing efficiency with self‐limiting or self‐enhancement. However, the effect of this modification on the caprock sealing efficiency has not been fully investigated through multiphysical‐geochemical coupling analysis. In this study, a multiphysical‐geochemical coupling model was proposed to analyze caprock sealing efficiency. This coupling model considered the full couplings of caprock deformation, two‐phase flow, CO2 concentration diffusion, geochemical reaction, and CO2 sorption. The two‐phase flow only occurs in the fracture network and the CO2 may partially dissolve into water and diffuse through the concentration difference. The dissolved CO2 has geochemical reactions with some critical minerals, thus altering flow channels. The CO2 in the fracture network diffuses into matrix, causing the matrix swelling. This fully coupling model was validated with a penetration experiment on a cement cube and compared with two other models for CO2 storage plumes. Finally, the effects of geochemical reactions on penetration depth and pore pressure were studied through parametric study. The numerical simulations reveal that the coupling of geochemical reactions and matrix diffusion significantly affect the caprock sealing efficiency. Geochemical reactions occur at a short time after the arrival of CO2 concentration and modify the fracture porosity. The CO2 diffusion into the matrix requires a much longer time and mainly induces matrix swelling. These effects may produce self‐enhancement or self‐limiting depending on the flow rate in the fracture network, thus significantly modifying caprock sealing efficiency.
A new simulation framework to evaluate the suitability of eDNA for marine and aquatic Environmental Impact Assessments
Authors: Coston‐Guarini Jennifer , Hinz Shawn , Mirimin Luca , Guarini Jean‐Marc
Published: May 2023

A model was developed to forecast and compare changes in species presence assessed with either eDNA or traditional observations. We use it to explore how ecosystem conditions could affect the suitability of eDNA for Environmental Impact Assessment. First, a deterministic model simulated the dynamics of the impacted population (called “receptor” in EIA) and their shed DNA fragment concentrations. Second, random distributions of receptor organisms and eDNA fragment quantities at steady state were simulated within the impacted spatial domain (called “project area”). Then, simple random samplings were performed for both the receptor and eDNA. Third, post‐sampling processes (eDNA extraction, amplification, and analysis) were simulated to estimate the taxon detection probability. Fourth, we simulated an impact by modifying the growth, mortality, and mobility (null, passive, and active) parameters of the receptor taxon. eDNA detection probability curves were then estimated for a range of environmental sample volumes by fitting a Weibull cumulative distribution function. A F‐like statistic compared detection curves before and after impact. Statistically significant differences were detected with eDNA in impact scenarios where receptor taxon growth rate decreased and receptor mobility was null or passive. In scenarios where the project area accumulates DNA shed from multiple categories of the same taxon (e.g., from dead organisms if mortality increased or when individuals can cross project area boundaries), it is difficult to assess impact. Our study shows that results obtained from eDNA sampling will not always agree with an impact classically assessed on a receptor population. One reason is that sources of the total eDNA pool are not identified. The modeling highlights the need: to do preliminary testing of sample sizes, to develop new approaches that will identify sources from the pool of extracted DNA, and to improve descriptions of the ecogeochemical processes required to forecast shed DNA reactivity.
Electrochemical characterization of 17β‐estradiol with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Weese‐Myers Moriah E. , Ross Ashley E.
Published: May 2023

We have developed a sensitive and stable electrochemical method for 17β‐estradiol (E2) detection using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Recently, E2 was proposed to function as a rapid synaptocrine signaling molecule in the brain; however, methods to directly monitor subsecond fluctuations in E2 are currently unavailable, limiting our understanding of the dynamics and mechanism of rapid E2 release. FSCV at carbon‐fiber microelectrodes enables subsecond detection of electroactive neurochemicals directly in tissues like the brain. Here, we have electrochemically characterized E2 using FSCV for use in a tissue matrix. The limit of detection of E2 is 31.2±2.5 nM with FSCV, which will enable low nanomolar fluctuations in extracellular E2 to be monitored with hundred millisecond temporal resolution. We also identify specific parameters for waveform modification to improve future detection. This method will significantly improve E2 sensing capabilities and will have far‐reaching impacts on improving our understanding of dynamic E2 signaling in the brain.
Seismic damage prediction of RC buildings using machine learning
Authors: Bhatta Sanjeev , Dang Ji
Published: May 2023

Decision‐makers and stakeholders require a rapid assessment of potential damage after earthquake events in order to develop and implement disaster risk reduction strategies and to respond systematically in post‐disaster situations. The damage investigated manually after an earthquake are complicated, labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and error prone process. The development of fragility curves is time consuming and unable to predict the damage for wide classes of structures since it considers few structural properties and only one seismic characteristic. Furthermore, the nonlinear finite element method cannot be utilized for numerous buildings because it involves more time and money. This paper presents the machine learning (ML)‐based seismic damage prediction of RC buildings. It is found that some of the research works only considered seismic parameters or structural parameters to train the ML models and predict the structural damage assessment. However, these ML models may not fully reveal the underlying complexity of the relationship between input parameters and building performance. As a result, their applicability will be limited. This paper evaluates the feasibility of using ML techniques such as K‐nearest neighbor, random forest, decision tree, support vector machine, and artificial neural network to rapidly predict earthquake‐induced reinforced concrete building damage considering both the structural properties and ground motion characteristics. The machine learning models are trained using the simulation results. Due to lack of real earthquake damage datasets or limited access, most of the research works used Scikit Learn train_test_split function to randomly split the entire datasets into training and testing datasets and the performance of the proposed ML technique are evaluated using the testing datasets. However, in this study, the performances of different ML models are evaluated using real earthquake damage datasets of RC buildings collected after 2015 Nepal earthquake. The overall accuracy on testing datasets suggests the capability of machine learning algorithms in successfully predicting the seismic damage of reinforced concrete buildings in quick time with reasonable accuracy. This study is beneficial in emergency response and recovery planning after an earthquake.
Enhanced design and experimental investigation of disc spring‐based self‐centering buckling‐restrained braces with a compounded combination mode
Authors: Chen Peng , Xu Longhe , Xie Xingsi
Published: May 2023

The disc spring‐based self‐centering energy dissipation (SCED) brace is a high‐capacity resilient structural component, characterized by a flag‐shaped hysteresis curve, which can provide both damping and recentering capacity to a structure. However, the conventional design method for the disc spring‐based SCED brace cannot quantitatively take into account the friction effects induced by combined disc springs, which greatly limits the disc spring size selection and combination mode. To address this issue, the friction effect of the combined springs is quantified using an incremental energy method and then introduced into the existing design method. A fully assembled self‐centering steel buckling‐restrained brace (SC‐SBRB) consisting of an energy dissipation (ED) system and a self‐centering (SC) system is proposed. The SC system employs a combination mode of stacking multi‐section springs in parallel and compounding new and old springs together to provide the desired recentering capacity for the brace; however, it is distinguished by an appreciable ED capacity that is different from the SC devices in previously reported SCED braces. With the use of the energy method for the quantification of the spring friction, the differences between the mechanical properties of a group of old springs in earlier and recent tests were systematically analyzed to check their reliability and serviceability. A series of test procedures were sequentially conducted on a pure BRB brace and a pure SC brace, and then on the full SC‐SBRB. A fatigue test was also performed after the damaged brace was repaired. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved design can provide accurate estimations of the spring friction in the brace design, and that the proposed brace can exhibit a stable and favorable flag‐shaped hysteretic response with negligible residual deformations throughout the loading protocol. The old spring used in the tests was found to have stable and reliable mechanical properties and could be reused in a brace requiring repair after an earthquake.
Factors associated with fathers' involvement in infant and young child feeding and nurturing care in the urban slums of Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipika Shankar , Sarker Tonmoy , Akter Nargis , Shafique Sohana , Nabi Mohammad Hayatun , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain , Mitra Dipak Kumar
Published: May 2023

Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and nurturing care during the first years of children's lives are crucial for ensuring their growth and development. The IYCF and nurturing practices are associated with a multifaceted interplay of context‐specific factors where fathers' involvement is necessary. The aim of this study is to explore the current scenario of fathers' involvement in IYCF practices in the urban slums of Bangladesh. A cross‐sectional survey among the residents of the Sat Tola slum in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh was conducted. To avoid social desirability bias, 361 mothers of children aged <24 months were interviewed regarding fathers' involvement. An operational definition of father's involvement was developed based on 11 criteria and then scoring was applied to classify ‘Good Involvement’ and associated factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Fathers' mean age was around 31 (SD ± 6.09) years and the majority of them (44.32%) completed primary education. Fathers had diversified occupations such as day laborer (32.41%), garment worker (22.71%), and business (14.96%). Factors that were significantly associated with the father's involvement in IYCF practices include educational status (aOR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.91, 8.26, p < .00) and theiroccupational status (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.70, p = .00). Fathers were more active for their first child (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.79, p = .03). Having child in the age group of 14–20 months (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.32, 5.64, p = <.01) and wife in the age group of 21–30 years (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.20, 4.58, p = .01) were significantly associated. The study finding explored that fathers' education and occupation as well as mothers' age and education were significantly associated factors for fathers' involvement in the IYCF practices. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to establish the causal relationship between fathers' involvement with IYCF and their impact on child growth and development.
Who benefits from quality competition in health care? A theory and a laboratory experiment on the relevance of patient characteristics
Authors: Brosig‐Koch Jeannette , Hehenkamp Burkhard , Kokot Johanna
Published: May 2023

We study how competition between physicians affects the provision of medical care. In our theoretical model, physicians are faced with a heterogeneous patient population, in which patients systematically vary with regard to both their responsiveness to the provided quality of care and their state of health. We test the behavioral predictions derived from this model in a controlled laboratory experiment. In line with the model, we observe that competition significantly improves patient benefits as long as patients are able to respond to the quality provided. For those patients, who are not able to choose a physician, competition even decreases the patient benefit compared to a situation without competition. This decrease is in contrast to our theoretical prediction implying no change in benefits for passive patients. Deviations from patient‐optimal treatment are highest for passive patients in need of a low quantity of medical services. With repetition, both, the positive effects of competition for active patients as well as the negative effects of competition for passive patients become more pronounced. Our results imply that competition can not only improve but also worsen patient outcome and that patients' responsiveness to quality is decisive.
The impact of developmental job experience on job performance: The importance of team context
Authors: Cao Jie , Hamori Monika
Published: May 2023

Drawing on social resources theory, we examine the impact of developmental job experience (DJE) on employees' job performance and the role of the team context in this relationship. In a multisource, multiwave dataset of 354 employees working on 40 teams in seven Chinese companies, we find that DJE has a positive indirect relationship with job performance through increasing employees' information and support seeking. This positive indirect relationship is stronger for employees on teams with a high average DJE and low variance in DJE; it is significantly weaker for employees on teams with a low average DJE and a high variance in DJE. These results reveal that the work and team contexts play important roles in the relationship between DJE and employees' work outcomes.
Artificial intelligence analysis of electroencephalogram and evoked potential in patients with depression based on machine learning
Authors: Ma Jianqi
Published: May 2023

With the continuous improvement of people's mental pressure and life pace, people's study and life pressure would increase, leading to the increase of people's depression. Depression is a mental illness, a chronic mental illness that is inconsistent with the patient's physical condition. In recent years, as people know more and more about depression, and they have more and more research on depression, many research scholars have provided new ideas for the treatment of depression, and this paper takes this as the research direction and research basis. This paper introduces the background of EEG (electroencephalogram, EEG) and evoked potential and artificial intelligence (Artificial intelligence, AI) methods, and then analyzes the patients with depression based on AI, and summarizes the application of electronics. The concept analysis of depression, EEG and evoked potential is put forward. At the end of the article, the application of machine learning in depression is studied. At the same time, with the continuous development of machine learning in artificial intelligence, the EEG and evoked potential related work in patients with depression are also facing new opportunities and challenges.
Effects of Leptin and Body Weight on Inflammation and Knee Osteoarthritis Phenotypes in Female Rats
Authors: Fu Yao , Batushansky Albert , Kinter Michael , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Griffin Timothy M.
Published: May 2023

Leptin is a proinflammatory adipokine that contributes to obesity‐associated osteoarthritis (OA), especially in women. However, the extent to which leptin causes knee OA separate from the effect of increased body weight is not clear. We hypothesized that leptin is necessary to induce knee OA in obese female rats but not sufficient to induce knee OA in lean rats lacking systemic metabolic inflammation. The effect of obesity without leptin signaling was modeled by comparing female lean Zucker rats to pair fed obese Zucker rats, which possess mutant fa alleles of the leptin receptor gene. The effect of leptin without obesity was modeled in female F344BN F1 hybrid rats by systemically administering recombinant rat leptin versus saline for 23 weeks via osmotic pumps. Primary OA outcomes included cartilage histopathology and subchondral bone micro‐computed tomography. Secondary outcomes included targeted cartilage proteomics, serum inflammation, and synovial fluid inflammation following an acute intra‐articular challenge with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Compared to lean Zucker rats, obese Zucker rats developed more severe tibial osteophytes and focal cartilage lesions in the medial tibial plateau, with modest changes in proximal tibial epiphysis trabecular bone structure. In contrast, exogenous leptin treatment, which increased plasma leptin sixfold without altering body weight, caused mild generalized cartilage fibrillation and reduced Safranin O staining compared to vehicle‐treated animals. Leptin also significantly increased subchondral and trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density in the proximal tibia. Cartilage metabolic and antioxidant enzyme protein levels were substantially elevated with leptin deficiency and minimally suppressed with leptin treatment. In contrast, leptin treatment induced greater changes in systemic and local inflammatory mediators compared to leptin receptor deficiency, including reduced serum IL‐6 and increased synovial fluid IL‐1β. In conclusion, rat models that separately elevate leptin or body weight develop distinct OA‐associated phenotypes, revealing how obesity increases OA pathology through both leptin‐dependent and independent pathways. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Drug design of human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR) inhibitors with deep learning
Authors: Wu Yi‐Huan , Cheng Chih‐Yang , Chen Yen‐Yang , Li Feng‐Yin
Published: May 2023

Human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR) inhibitors have been a popular research object designed as anti‐cancer, anti‐malarial, and antibacterial drugs for decades. Besides quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR), artificial intelligence (AI) has recently been introduced in numerous professional biological researches, such as molecular drug design and biological activity prediction. In this study, we construct a deep‐learning workflow for designing novel hDHFR inhibitors. This workflow mainly includes two networks, as described in the following: The first one is the artificial neural network trained by the molecules selected from the ChEMBL database with experimental hDHFR inhibitions as the label to evaluate the bioactivity of the designed molecular structures constructed from the second network. The second network utilizes conditional generative and adversarial networks (cGAN) to generate candidate molecules with the desired properties. Finally, the obtained candidate molecules with high hDHFR inhibition are subjected to a molecular docking process to verify their binding patterns and affinity strengths inside the active site of hDHFR. In the end, we have successfully identified several novel drug‐like compounds with hDHFR inhibition comparable to those currently used in clinics. We present a new tool to effectively design new drug‐like compounds through an AI approach.
School partner perspectives on the implementation of the Your Voice Your View sexual assault prevention program for high school students
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Paszek Claudia , Lopez Richard M. , Oesterle Daniel W. , Pearlman Deborah N. , Rizzo Christie J. , Ghose Elwy Anashua Rani , Berkowitz Alan D. , Malone Sandra , Fortson Beverly L.
Published: May 2023

Despite the high risk for sexual assault among adolescents, few sexual assault prevention programs designed for implementation in high schools have sustained rigorous evaluation. The present study sought to better understand the factors that influenced the implementation of Your Voice Your View (YVYV), a four‐session sexual assault prevention program for 10th grade students, which includes a teacher “Lunch and Learn” training as well as a 4‐week school‐specific social norms poster campaign. Following program implementation, eight school partners (i.e., health teachers, guidance counselors, teachers, and principals) participated in an interview to provide feedback on the process of program implementation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was utilized to examine site‐specific determinants of program implementation. Participants discussed the importance of the design quality and packaging of the program, as well as the relative advantage of offering students a violence prevention program led by an outside team, as opposed to teachers in the school. School partners highlighted the importance of intensive preplanning before implementation, clear communication between staff, the utility of engaging a specific champion to coordinate programming, and the utility of offering incentives for participation. Having resources to support implementation, a desire to address sexual violence in the school, and a positive classroom climate in which to administer the small‐group sessions were seen as school‐specific facilitators of program implementation. These findings can help to support the subsequent implementation of the YVYV program, as well as other sexual assault prevention programs in high schools.
Analyzing the sustainability of intensified side‐stream extractive distillation for binary azeotropic separation: a comparative study
Authors: Kong Zong Yang , Sánchez‐Ramírez Eduardo , Yang Ao , Segovia‐Hernández Juan Gabriel , Sunarso Jaka
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The sustainability performance of extractive distillation (ED) that collectively considers energy efficiency, process safety, economic profitability, process control, and environmental emission has not been widely reported. Motivated by this lack of research, we analyzed and compared the sustainability performance of the intensified side‐stream ED (SSED) with that of the conventional extractive distillation (CED) for the separation of binary azeotropic mixtures. Two different design approaches were analyzed; the first approach involves designing the intensified SSED by preserving the original CED column configuration, while the second approach involves optimizing the original column configuration to become a new intensified SSED configuration.

RESULTS

We found that preserving the original configuration usually provides energy‐savings, but this advantage is not guaranteed unless the process is optimized. Generally, the reduction in energy consumption improves economic and environmental performance. However, the optimized design has a higher risk index because it is usually larger in size, for the sake of lowering the energy consumption. In addition, the optimized design usually has a higher condition number, which signifies that a more complex control structure is required.

CONCLUSION

Altogether, designing the intensified process via process optimization does not always guarantee significant improvement in all sustainability indicators. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Persistence at what cost? How graduate engineering students consider the costs of persistence within attrition considerations
Authors: Sallai Gabriella M. , Bahnson Matthew , Shanachilubwa Kanembe , Berdanier Catherine G. P.
Published: May 2023

Background

While previous work in higher education documents the impact of high tuition costs of attending graduate school as a key motivator in attrition decisions, in engineering, most graduate students are fully funded on research fellowships, indicating there are different issues causing individuals to consider departure. There has been little work characterizing nonfinancial costs for students in engineering graduate programs and the impact these costs may have on persistence or attrition.

Purpose/Hypothesis

Framed through the lens of cost as a component of the expectancy–value theory framework and the graduate attrition decisions (GrAD) model conceptual framework specific to engineering attrition, the purpose of this article is to characterize the costs engineering graduate students associate with attending graduate school and document how costs affect students' decisions to persist or depart.

Design/Method

Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 42 engineering graduate students from R1 engineering doctoral programs across the United States who have considered, are currently considering, or have chosen to depart from their engineering PhD programs with a master's degree.

Results

In addition to time and money, which are costs previously captured in research, participants identified costs to life balance, costs to well‐being, and identify‐informed opportunity costs framed in terms of what “could have been” if they had chosen to not go to graduate school. As these costs relate to persistence, students primarily identified their expended effort and already‐incurred costs as the primary motivator for persistence, rather than any expected benefits of a graduate degree.

Conclusion

The findings of this work expand the cost component of the GrAD model conceptual framework, providing a deeper understanding of the costs that graduate students relate to their persistence in engineering graduate programs. It evidences that motivation to persist may not be due to particularly strong goals but may result from costs already incurred. Through this research, the scholarly community, students, advisors, and university policymakers can better understand the needs of engineering graduate students as they navigate graduate study.
Prophylaxis with low dose tranexamic acid in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Ommen Hans Beier , Eriksen Christian Fenger , Hvas Anne‐Mette
Published: May 2023

Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carry a high risk of serious bleeding complications due to severe thrombocytopenia for long periods of time during treatment. Prior to prophylactic platelet transfusion becoming the standard of care, intracranial bleeding was a major contributor to death in AML patients. However, despite prophylactic platelet transfusions, up to 79% of patients with AML experience clinically significant bleeding during treatment. Antifibrinolytics are effective and well tolerated hemostatic agents widely used in many patient groups, and in this study, we investigated the effect of low dose tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with AML and thrombocytopenia. We compared bleeding and thrombosis between 113 thrombocytopenic AML patients receiving TXA 500 mg three times daily (n = 36) versus no‐TXA (n = 77). Clinical information was obtained systematically from electronic medical records, and laboratory data were collected from the laboratory information system. No difference was demonstrated in number of patients with at least one bleeding episode (TXA: 89% vs. no‐TXA: 93%, p = 0.60), median number of bleeding days (TXA: 2.5 days vs. no‐TXA 2.0 days, p = 0.30), bleeding location or transfusion needs between the two groups. However, platelet count was found to be a significant risk factor for bleeding, with a probability of bleeding of 35% with a platelet count below 5 × 109/L (logistic regression, p < 0.01). We found no difference in thromboembolic events between the two groups (TXA: 8% vs. no‐TXA 10%, p = 0.99). In conclusion, treatment with low dose TXA is safe, but we found no evidence to suggest that it reduces bleeding in AML patients with thrombocytopenia.
Völkerpsychologie as a field science: José Miguel de Barandiarán and Basque ethnology
Authors: Anduaga Aitor
Published: May 2023

José Miguel de Barandiarán considered the central figure of Basque anthropology, played a prominent role in the Basque people's cultural rescue (material and spiritual). His dual status as an ethnologist and priest prepared him to study collective mentalities and rural societies. However, the scientific approach of the Völkerpsychologie (roughly translated as ethnic psychology), as proposed by Wilhelm Wundt, greatly influenced him and aroused broad interests of ethnological and sociological–religious concerns. This essay examines the scope and depth of Wundt's influence on Barandiarán, and suggests that, by combining the techniques of folklore with those of ethnography, Barandiarán stamped Basque anthropology with a unique defining quality in Europe.
Small‐scale two‐dimensional liquid chromatography for a preparative re‐purification of a highly labile tritium‐labeled compound
Authors: Sandvoss Martin , Klaus Christian , Weck Remo , Derdau Volker , Schiell Matthias
Published: May 2023

Tritium‐labeled compounds are generally less stable than their non‐labeled counterparts. This requires storage at low temperatures, a constant workflow of quality checks, and subsequent re‐purifications. As the amount of tritium‐labeled material is typically purified in the μg range, repeated injections on analytical‐scale ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography systems can provide high‐resolution re‐purification results. Yet, degradants can be undesirably included in the compound isolation because the amount of decomposition can vary dramatically depending on the structure. We report a case of a sensitive molecule that could not be isolated in pure form even though the chromatographic separation was successful. In this case, the use of a small‐scale two‐dimensional preparative liquid chromatography approach with a direct transfer interface to a second (trapping) column resulted in a highly pure compound (>98% radiochemical purity). This approach combines high chromatographic resolution, accurate control over the re‐purification process, minimal sample manipulation, and higher overall safety for the handling of radioactive samples.