bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produtividade e qualidade nutricional de cultivares de feijão em diferentes adubações
Authors: Andrade Carlos Alberto de Bastos , Patroni Sandra Magda Sanches , Clemente Edmar , Scapim Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2010

O fornecimento adequado e equilibrado de nutrientes para o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) por meio da calagem e adubação pode contribuir para o aumento da produtividade e o valor nutricional dos grãos. Portanto, avaliou-se o efeito da adubação na produtividade, componentes da produção, nos teores de macro e micronutrientes, proteína e triptofano nos grãos de três cultivares de feijão (Aporé, Pérola e Rudá). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo locados nas parcelas as diferentes adubações (N1 - não adubado; N2 - adubação para produtividade esperada de até 1.200 kg ha-1, N3 - adubação para produtividade esperada acima de 2.500 kg ha-1). As subparcelas constaram das três cultivares. As adubações utilizadas foram suficientes para alcançar os níveis de produtividade esperados. A cultivar Rudá destacou-se das demais, com os maiores teores de Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn e B. A cultivar Aporé apresentou os maiores teores de K, N, proteína e triptofano. A cultivar Pérola obteve os maiores teores de Ca e P. A recomendação de adubação para atingir produtividade superior a 2.500 kg ha-1 de grãos proporcionou as maiores produtividades, os maiores teores de K, N, Fe, Cu, Mn, B, proteína e triptofano nos grãos de feijão.
Luteal dynamics in goats: morphological and endocrine features
Authors: Arashiro Eduardo Kenji Nunes , Viana João Henrique Moreira , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira da , Camargo Luiz Sérgio de Almeida , Fernandes Carlos Antônio de Carvalho , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to establish the morphologic and endocrine characteristics of luteal dynamics in goats. It was used Toggenburg female goats that showed natural estrus in a 48-hour interval. After estrus, ultrasonographic evaluations of the ovaries were daily performed during 21 days using a portable device (5MHz probe). Blood sample was collected for plasma progresterone (P4) determination. Corpora lutea were detected for the first time on day 5 and progressively increased in size until D9 (1.26 ± 0.08 cm²), with no variation on subsequent days. In females with one ovulation, the first visualization of the corpora lutea was earlier than in those with multiple ovulation (4.54 ± 0.18 vs 5.74 ± 0.25 days). At the moment of the first visualization, luteal area was smaller in animals with single ovulation. Plasma P4 concentration progressively increased until day 9 and it did not show significant increase until luteolysis, characterized by a sharp decrease in P4 concentration, reaching values below 1 ng/mL in 24 hours. The luteal area slowly and gradually decreased in size. It was observed a significant positive correlation between P4 concentration and area during luteogenesis and luteolysis (r = 0.63 and r = 0.50, respectively). When corpus luteum reached its maximum size (D9), female with more than one corpora lutea, with a greater luteal tissue area, did not show P4 concentration higher than those with one ovulation (5.92 ± 0.59 vs 7.04 ± 0.79 ng/mL). These results show that luteal dynamics in Toggenbur goats follow a similar pattern to those observed in other goat breeds and luteal tissue growth was positively correlated with corpora lutea functionality.
Leitões recém-desmamados alimentados com dietas contendo proteína láctea e zinco suplementar
Authors: Tse Marcos Livio Panhoza , Costa Leandro Batista , Braz Débora Barbosa , Garcia Alexandra Natália , Berenchtein Bernardo , Miyada Valdomiro Shigueru
Published: October 2010

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da utilização de proteína láctea ou zinco suplementar na dieta sobre o desempenho, os pesos relativos do intestino delgado e fígado, a morfologia intestinal e as concentrações séricas de IGF-I (fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina), hormônio do crescimento e zinco em leitões. O experimento teve duração de 14 dias e foi realizado com 60 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade (5,43 ± 0,46 kg), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em fatorial 2 x 2, composto de dois níveis de proteína láctea (com e sem, 4%) e dois de zinco (com e sem, 2.250 ppm) na dieta. No período de 1 a 7 dias de experimento, o zinco proporcionou melhor conversão alimentar e, no período de 1 a 14 dias, promoveu maior pesos aos 14 dias e maior ganho de peso. O fornecimento de proteína láctea na dieta piorou a conversão alimentar nas duas fases (de 1 a 7 dias e de 1 a 14 dias de experimento) e resultou em menor profundidade de cripta no jejuno aos 7 dias e maior altura de vilosidade aos 14 dias de experimento. Aos 7 dias de experimento, Houve interação proteína láctea e zinco para a relação altura de vilosidades:profundidade de criptas do jejuno, a qual foi também maior nos animais recebendo proteína láctea. A adição de zinco na dieta reduziu a concentração de IGF-I e o peso relativo do fígado aos 14 dias de experimento, enquanto o uso de proteína láctea aumentou a concentração de IGF-I. A inclusão de proteína láctea melhorou a conversão alimentar, influenciou a morfologia intestinal e aumentou a concentração de IGF-I, mas a suplementação de zinco não foi eficiente para alterar os níveis de hormônio do crescimento no organismo.
Comportamento ingestivo de vacas em lactação e de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo palma forrageira
Authors: Bispo Safira Valença , Ferreira Marcelo de Andrade , Véras Antonia Sherlânea Chaves , Modesto Elisa Cristina , Guimarães Amanda Vasconcelos , Pessoa Ricardo Alexandre Silva
Published: October 2010

Foram realizados dois experimentos, o primeiro com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituição do feno de capim-elefante por palma forrageira e o segundo para avaliar o efeito da substituição total do milho, e parcial da soja, por palma e ureia sobre o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos e de vacas em lactação, respectivamente. No experimento 1, foram utilizados cinco ovinos machos, não-castrados, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 25,8 kg, distribuídos em quadrado latino 5 x 5. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas 8 vacas em lactação, com produção média inicial de 14 kg leite/dia, distribuídas em dois quadrados latino 4 x 4. A observação dos dados comportamentais foi realizada visualmente, durante 24 horas, em ambos os experimentos. No experimento 1, com a inclusão da palma forrageira, os consumos de matéria seca, o tempo de alimentação e as eficiências de ruminação aumentaram linearmente, ao passo que o tempo de ruminação reduziu, linearmente também; o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e as eficiências de alimentação apresentaram comportamento quadrático. No experimento 2, a inclusão de palma e ureia não influenciou os consumos de matéria seca e FDN nem os tempos de alimentação e ruminação e as eficiências de alimentação e de ruminação (kgMS/hora), no entanto, a eficiência de ruminação (kg FDN/hora) apresentou comportamento quadrático. O tempo de mastigação total e o tempo de ócio não foram influenciados pela inclusão de palma na dieta nos dois experimentos. Recomenda-se para ração de ruminantes com alta proporção de palma forrageira a inclusão de uma fonte de fibra fisicamente efetiva.
A percepção territorial-ambiental em zonas de pesca
Authors: Silva Christian Nunes da
Published: October 2010

A Geografia sempre teve como preocupação estudar a relação entre os grupos sociais e o meio no qual eles interagem para a retirada de recursos naturais para a sua sobrevivência. Esta relação sempre foi permeada por determinações de poder na organização das formas de apropriação dos recursos, derivando disso territorialidades diversas. Essas territorialidades demonstram a variedade de atores que estão envolvidos num determinado território e que aí materializam ações distintas para a apropriação do espaço e a utilização dos recursos naturais. No caso da pesca isso não é diferente, pois se verifica que a prática pesqueira é vivenciada por uma diversidade de atores, como pescadores, associações de pesca, órgãos de fiscalização etc., e cada um deles se relaciona, especificamente, com os espaços de pesca, materializando ações específicas para a delimitação do território e, desta forma, adotando territorialidades e percepções diversificadas e muitas vezes conflitantes. Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa que objetiva, por meio de pesquisa de campo direta, realizar uma análise do modo de vida dos pescadores da Colônia de Pescadores Z 62, sediada no município de Breves, estado do Pará, e de como eles percebem seu território de atuação, visto que interagem com outros atores que utilizam o mesmo território de outras formas que não a pesca.
Laboratory and field performance of maturity functions
Authors: Lachemi M. , Hossain K. M. A. , Anagnostopoulos C. , Sabouni A. R.
Published: October 2010

This study compared the performance of various maturity functions based on the calculated age conversion factor, equivalent age, estimated strength and setting time of concrete mixtures using laboratory and field data. The influence of varying dosages of the particular retarder on the apparent activation energy and temperature sensitivity factor associated with the Freiesleben Hansen and Pederson, and Carino and Tank, maturity functions was found to be negligible. As expected, the influence of the apparent activation energy in the Freiesleben Hansen and Pederson function was found to depend on the deviation of average concrete temperature from the reference temperature. The performance of maturity functions depended on the temperature–time history of concrete in both laboratory and field conditions. Based on this study, calculated age conversion factors, equivalent ages and estimated strength development based on the two functions differ from those obtained using the Rastrup, Weaver–Sadgrove, and Nurse–Saul functions. All maturity functions predicted initial setting time reasonably well with varying retarder dosages and initial concrete temperature in both field and laboratory conditions.
Non-linear analysis of polymer-strengthened concrete beams
Authors: Aldajah S. H. , Biddah A. M. , El-Dieb A. S. , Al Omari A. M.
Published: October 2010

Commercial finite-element software was used to model the non-linear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams tested under four-point bending. Smeared crack analogy was employed in order to account for the changes in the local stresses and the concrete stiffness in the cracked region. Two models were analysed and compared to experimental data. The first was for a control beam and the second was for a carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete beam, which takes into account the adhesive layer characteristics which bonds the polymer strip to the concrete, using the cohesive tool in the software. Results showed that the models were able to predict the flexural behaviour of both beams with adequate accuracy. For the control beam, the first crack load, maximum load and the yield point were within 0, 15 and 7%, respectively, of the experimental results. For the mid-span deflection the model result was 59% away from the experimental value due to that fact that the finite-element solution did not converge beyond the 11 mm mid-span deflection. On the other hand, the maximum load first crack load and mid-span deflection for the strengthened beam model were within −4, 6 and 15%, respectively, of the experimental results.
Detrimental effects on coastal concrete by Ulva fasciata
Authors: Jayakumar S. , Saravanane Raman
Published: October 2010

The growth of macro-algae in most marine structures is a common phenomenon. Even though it causes secondary deterioration, its significance is often underestimated. Puducherry, India is a coastal region where the growth of Ulva fasciata (Delile) is abundant on all marine structures. To ascertain the detrimental effect by marine algae on coastal concrete structures, M20 grade concrete cubes were cast and kept in a coastal area where there is abundant algae growth. Collected samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction to establish the degree of deterioration caused by marine algae on concrete surfaces. The results showed that the marine algae has a substantial detrimental effect on the concrete surface.
An Economic IslamicityIndex (EI2)
Authors: Rehman Scheherazade S. , Askari Hossein
Published: October 2010

Given the post-9/11 climate of global uncertainty, suspicion, hostility, and fear, interest in the relationship between religion and economics, politics, and social behavior has been rekindled. In particular, there has been considerable attention afforded to the impact of religion on economic, social, and political development and vice versa. However, before the impact of religion on economic performance or the impact of economic performance on religion can be examined, one should first ascertain the religiosity of a country. In this case, “how Islamic are Islamic countries?” or “what is their degree of ‘Islamicity?’” In this paper, we assess, on a very preliminary basis, the adherence of Islamic countries to Islamic economic teachings and develop an Economic IslamicityIndex (EI2) to assess the extent that self-declared Islamic countries adhere to Islamic doctrines and teachings. We do this by measuring 208 countries’ adherence to Islamic Economic principles using as proxies 113 measurable variables.
Audit Partner Tenure and Audit Planning and Pricing
Authors: Bedard Jean C. , Johnstone Karla M.
Published: October 2010

SUMMARY: This paper investigates the association between audit engagement partner tenure and audit planning and pricing. Prior archival research from countries requiring partner signature on the audit opinion provides mixed results on the implications of partner tenure for audit quality. While variation in audit quality based on partner tenure implies some difference in the conduct of the engagement, prior research has not yet addressed whether engagement processes differ based on partner tenure. Using proprietary data from a large audit firm, we find that planned engagement effort increases following partner rotation, suggesting that new partners invest effort to gain client knowledge in the first year on the engagement. We also examine planned realization rates, finding them to be lower following partner rotation. This implies that new partners’ investments in client knowledge are not compensated by clients. We also find higher planned realization rates on audits having the same engagement partner for more than five years, a longer tenure than is now allowed for public companies following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We obtain these results while controlling for client risks that affect audit planning and pricing, including those related to financial reporting, management integrity, and internal controls.
Squirrel cage induction motors with idle bars
Authors: Bernatt Jakub
Published: October 2010

Squirrel cage induction motors with idle bars

The paper describes high output induction motors driving large applications of heavy starting conditions. Heavy start is characterised by long accelerating time and occures in drives of hudge inertia torque, esspecially when performed at full load. The reliable operation of the motors depends on proper design and quality of rotor's cage. The aspects of thermal behaviour and electrodynamic forces have to be considered during the design of the motor for hard working conditions. In the paper the rotor with idle bars is investigated.
Synthesis and CAD of permanent magnet DC brushless motors
Authors: Dąbrowski Mirosław , Rudeński Andrzej
Published: October 2010

Synthesis and CAD of permanent magnet DC brushless motors

The paper presents an algorithm and software for the optimal design of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. Such motors are powered by DC voltage sources via semiconductor switches connected to the motor phase belts. The software is adjusted to the design of motors with NdFeB high energy density magnets. An attention has been given to issues important in the design of the motors, i.e., permanent magnet selection, structure of magnetic circuit, and armature windings. Particularly, precision of calculation of the permanent magnet operating point, visualization of selection process of the winding belts, and magnetic circuit dimensioning have been investigated. The authors have been trying to make the equations more specific and accurate than those presented in the literature. The user software interface allows changes in the magnetic circuit dimensions, and in the winding parameters. It is possible to examine simultaneously the influence of these changes on the calculation results. The software operates both with standard and inverted (outer rotor) motor structure. To perform optimization, a non-deterministic method based on the evolution strategy (μ+λ) - ES has been used.
Induction motor analysis employing optimal torque predictor and massive conductor approach
Authors: Bernat Jakub , Stępień Sławomir
Published: October 2010

Induction motor analysis employing optimal torque predictor and massive conductor approach

This research presents a method for the simulation of the magneto-mechanical system dynamics taking motion and eddy currents into account. The major contribution of this work leans on the coupling the field-motion problem considering windings as the current forced massive conductors, modelling of the rotor motion composed of two conductive materials and the torque calculation employing the special optimal predictor combined with the modified Maxwell stress tensor method. The 3D model of the device is analysed by the time stepping finite element method. Mechanical motion of the rotor is determined by solving the second order motion equation. Both magnetic and mechanical equations are coupled in the iterative solving process. Presented method is verified by solving the TEAM Workshop Problem 30.
Simple generation of neutral bimetallic aluminium and zinc alkyls Schiff bases bridged by a central resorcinol moiety
Authors: Aazam Elham , Coles Martyn
Published: October 2010

Aluminium and zinc complexes bearing the N,O-chelating Schiff base ligand 4,6-bis-1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol, (C6H2(OH)2(NCH2CH2NMe2)2) (1a), have been synthesized. Bimetallic aluminium and zinc alkyl complexes (2a–4a) were prepared by treatment of the hexadentate 1a with the appropriate amount of AlMe3, ZnMe2 and ZnEt2, respectively. 2a has been characterized crystallographically, it lies on a crystallographic two-fold rotation axis and each aluminium centre adopts a five coordinate geometry. Complex 2a was tested as a catalyst in the ring-opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone. We describe here the synthesis of two neutral ligands (1a and (C6H2(OH)2(C6H5NH2) (C=O(CH3)) (1b)) and demonstrate their application in the synthesis of molecular aluminium and zinc derivatives.
On identities in orthocomplemented difference lattices
Authors: Matoušek Milan , Pták Pavel
Published: October 2010

In this note we continue the investigation of algebraic properties of orthocomplemented (symmetric) difference lattices (ODLs) as initiated and previously studied by the authors. We take up a few identities that we came across in the previous considerations. We first see that some of them characterize, in a somewhat non-trivial manner, the ODLs that are Boolean. In the second part we select an identity peculiar for set-representable ODLs. This identity allows us to present another construction of an ODL that is not set-representable. We then give the construction a more general form and consider algebraic properties of the ‘orthomodular support’.
Algebraic Theory of Causal Double Products
Authors: Hudson R.
Published: October 2010

Corresponding to each “rectangular” double product in the form of a formal power series R[h] with coefficients in the tensor product 풯(ℒ)⊙ 풯 (ℒ) with itself of the Itô Hopf algebra, we construct “triangular” elements T[h] of 풯(ℒ) satisfying ΔT[h] = T[h](1)
R[h]T{h](2). In Fock space representations of 풯(ℒ) by iterated quantum stochastic integrals when ℒ is the algebra of Itô differentials of the calculus, these correspond to “causal” double product integrals in a single Fock space.
D'un modèle épistémologique de la communication à un modèle praxéologique
Authors: Quéré Louis
Published: October 2010

Cet article plaide pour le développement du paradigme communicationnel dans l'analyse sociale, y compris dans l'analyse de la communication sociale elle-même. Il tente de préciser la différence qu'un tel paradigme introduit dans l'approche des faits sociaux. Considérant que la conception prédominante de la communication, qui est représentationniste et cognitiviste, cède au mythe du donné et du déterminé-en-soi, l'auteur lui oppose un modèle intersubjectiviste et pragmatiste. Cet article engage ainsi le débat avec les auteurs qui proposent une théorie cognitive de la communication.
Journalistes et intellectuels : une nouvelle configuration culturelle ?
Authors: Rieffel Rémy
Published: October 2010

Depuis une décennie environ, s'est imposée en France l'idée que les intellectuels ont été dépossédés de leur influence au profit de certains journalistes. L'évolution récente des rapports entre ces deux types d'acteurs sociaux peut être retracée à l'aide d'une approche en termes de configuration médiatique et de configuration intellectuelle, empruntée aux travaux de Norbert Elias. De fait, la crise d'identité subie par les journalistes et le remodelage des frontières du milieu médiatique montrent que la définition même du journaliste devient de plus en plus ambiguë face à la concurrence des « communicateurs ». Parallèlement, la disparition de la figure du clerc prophétique et la recomposition des filières d'affiliation au milieu intellectuel expliquent en partie la perte de prestige enregistrée par les clercs. D'où l'apparition d'une nouvelle configuration culturelle soumise à un autre équilibre de tensions au sein de laquelle les journalistes semblent effectivement être devenus les équivalents fonctionnels des intellectuels.
La firme, le marché, la loi
Authors: Coase Ronald H.
Published: October 2010

Reprenant la thèse de son premier article de 1937 (la nature de la firme) Coase conserve une vision originale de l'économie plongeant jusqu'aux racines de la nature humaine et prône un système théorique introduisant la notion de « coût de transaction ». Une attitude faite d'humilité face à la complexité encore mal connue des relations entre les systèmes économique et juridique le conduit à reprendre à la base les déterminations, en amont de tout ce qui est, à tort estime Coase, considéré come acquis : le rôle fondamental de la firme, du marché et de la loi...
Le réseau public des télécommunications. Un concept qui bouge
Authors: Noam Eli
Published: October 2010

Le traditionnel modèle centralisé de réseau de télécommunications public se trouve aujourd'hui secoué dans ses fondements par l'action de multiples forces centrifuges. Le réseau ouvert est en train de se répandre, faisant ainsi disparaître la dichotomie entre le secteur des télécommunications et le reste de l'économie. Ce nouveau modèle n'est cependant pas encore stabilisé et plusieurs hypothèses sont encore ouvertes quant à l'avenir où les réseaux de télécommunications pourraient bien se trouver tout à la fois moins spécifiques... et moins efficaces.
Violence, sport et discours médiatique : l'exemple de la tragédie du Heysel
Authors: Fornel Michel de
Published: October 2010

VIOLENCE, SPORT ET DISCOURS MEDIATIQUE : L'EXEMPLE DE LA TRAGÉDIE DU HEYSEL Michel de Fornel La tragédie du Heysel a été rattachée à la chronique du hooliganisme anglais. Les médias l'ont souvent utilisée comme un cas exemplaire. On examine les modalités de cadrage de cet événement tragique à partir de l'analyse de plusieurs modes de construction médiatique (le commentaire en direct, le journal télévisé et le reportage-documentaire). On montre que ce n'est que par la mise en œuvre de procédures de configurations narratives particulières, comme celles que réalisent les journaux télévisés ou les reportages documentaires, que l'événement tragique apparaît comme le résultat prévisible de l'existence des hooligans. L'étude de la violence dans les stades ne saurait donc être séparée, sur le plan empirique, de l'examen des pratiques documentaires qui s'attachent à en cerner les contours et qui la font accéder au domaine public.
Technique et médiation
Authors: Akrich Madeleine
Published: October 2010

In this article the author questions the relevance of the concept mediation, used by a number of authors, for analysing relations between technology and society. This leads her, by means of a number of examples, to analyse technical mediation as the result of operations of specification which are at work in innovation and produce knowledge, technical devices and forms of organization.
Des outils, des mots et des figures. Vers un nouvel état de l'art
Authors: Couchot Edmond
Published: October 2010

With the increasingly complex computerization of images, historic categories of representation and already vague artistic criteria are no longer operative. The result is a certain degree of confusion, particularly between art and technology, and even more so between art and science. This article goes far upstream and considers, from an anthropological point of view, the question of contiguity between figurative, verbal and technical thinking, in other words, between figures, words and tools. These different forms of thinking have the same function - simulation. Linguistic symbols and figurative symbols (required in aesthetic perception), notably, are associated or opposed in a mode of differentiated organization within the brain. We try to show what changes in these relations when technology artificially extends natural simulation by numeric simulation. The introduction of simulation models into modes of representation (visual, voiced, gestural), all products of technoscience, profoundly disturb artistic practices and place artists in a totally unusual position - that of no longer operating on raw material from the real world, but on formalized languages which are already interpretations of it - without however ruling out the possibility of continuity with certain existing aesthetic endeavours. A new state of art and of subjectivity corresponds to this new state of images and technology.
Technicité intellectuelle et professionnalisme des journalistes
Authors: Cornu Gérard , Ruellan Denis
Published: October 2010

This article questions the concept of intellectual technicity of journalism. In the first part, it looks at the usual practices of the profession, particularly the use of the notion of a "viewpoint", and concludes that the technical dimension, although present, is nonetheless incomplete and unsystematized. In the second part the authors relate this technicity to the socio-professional context, by explaining that the claim of being part of a technical milieu, very frequent in professionalist discourse, is part of journalists' broad strategy of controlling their field of activity.
La professionnalisation de la communication locale : un paradoxe ?
Authors: Fourdin Monique
Published: October 2010

The professionalisation of local communication has resulted from internal mobilisation in local communities and external consecration in places of sociability and visibility. The ins- trumentalisation of communication first allowed communicators to assert their existence ; criteria of professionalism then evolved towards a functionalist definition of the profession ; today, the revival of citizenship warrants the existence of communication services. The main problem lies less in the modes of controling access to the profession, than in the legitimation and autonomisation of this activity with respect to elected representatives. In fact the identity of the milieu remains uncertain; the superposition of forms of communication and the dilution of local communication in public communication preclude a clear vision of this sector. Furthermore, professionalisation challenges the definition of the political profession by scrambling the borders between communication skills and political resources. Are communication professionals future political professionals ? This would not be the slightest of paradoxes.
Les mobilisations de l'auditeur-baladeur : une sociabilité publicative
Authors: Thibaud Jean-Paul
Published: October 2010

L'usage du baladeur musical en milieu urbain relève d'une nouvelle forme de mobilité qui questionne les catégories habituelles de notre entendement. En prêtant son corps aux voix du walkman, l'auditeur-baladeur adopte des pratiques spatio-phoniques qui jouent des interférences complexes entre conduites spatiales, conduites perceptives et conduites sociales. Son expérience du public peut être lue de différentes manières : en termes de discrimination de l'environnement sonore, de recomposition des seuils du public et de déstabilisation des situations sociales. En outre, l'écoute au casque opère un dérèglement de l'appareil perceptif de l'auditeur, instrumente une disjonction entre le visible et l'audible et conduit à une instabilité des formes perçues et exprimées. Cette pratique singulière participe d'une « sociabilité publicative » et permet de poser la question : comment du social peut-il être du sensible ?
L'intentionnalité communicationnelle dans les émissions de radio et de télévision
Authors: Scannell Paddy
Published: October 2010

Drawing on developments in the philosophy of ordinary language, the sociology of interaction, ethnomethodology and linguistic pragmatics, the paper argues for a new theoretical paradigm for the analysis of media « texts ». It postulates that communicative intentio- nality is the common ground that structures the nature of the relationship between broadcasters and audiences. Intentionality is retrievable, in texts, via inferential reasoning along lines specified by H.Paul Grice' s theory of communicative intentionality and the logic of conversation. The aim of this theoretical « move » is twofold : to restore the study of the organised meaning of broadcast programmes to its proper place at the heart of media analysis and to displace the theory of ideology as central to that process.
Les machines calculatrices de Babbage et le « factory system »
Authors: Shaffer Simon
Published: October 2010

The English mathematician Charles Babbage, who during the first half of the last century invented the precursors of today's computers, was keenly interested in the economic issues of the Victorian era. His calculators were both an application of current theories on the division of labour and models for the rationalization of production. His ideas contributed to the dehumanizaiton of labour but were also the source of major discoveries in the nineteenth century. Babbage' s history was closely linked to the industrial revolution, itself cradled in England - the «workshop of the world». This article revives the effervescence of that period.
« Chère Hélène ». Les usages sociaux des séries collège
Authors: Pasquier Dominique
Published: October 2010

La série télévisuelle « Hélène et les garçons » a engendré en France un véritable phénomène de société. A partir d'une enquête par questionnaire, entretiens et observations, ainsi qu'une analyse du courrier adressé à l'héroïne de la série, il s'agit de comprendre comment ce programme a servi de support de définition de l'identité sexuelle chez les préadolescents et les adolescents. La réception de la série s'inscrit dans une double logique d'appropriation intime - fondée sur les liens émotionnels tissés avec les personnages - et de négociation collective des identités - fondée sur des interactions au sein de la société des pairs et de la sociabilité familiale.
Esquisse d'une ontologie des faits sociaux. La posologie proposée par John Searle
Authors: Clément Fabrice , Kaufmann Laurence
Published: October 2010

A partir des propositions contenues dans le dernier livre de John Searle (The Construction of Social Reality), les auteurs synthétisent le projet ambitieux du philosophe qui entend offrir aux sciences sociales un répertoire minimal de concepts communs, comme la théorie des actes de langage, l'intentionnalité, l'intentionnalité collective et le « comportement gouverné par des règles ». Il s'agit d'établir une « grammaire » capable de relier diverses démarches sociologiques.
La communauté ouvrière et le conflit subculturel. L'East End en proie à la rénovation
Authors: Cohen Phil
Published: October 2010

Les années cinquante ont été marquées en Grande-Bretagne, et en particulier dans l'East End londonien, par d'importants changements affectant la sociabilité populaire. La rénovation urbaine, la construction de « grands ensembles », la redéfinition des profils de compétence requis de la main ď œuvre ouvrière vont se conjuguer pour disloquer les réseaux ď interconnaissance, de solidarités familiales ou de quartier qui structuraient l'univers quotidien des classes populaires et permettaient l'émergence de porte-paroles. L'apparition des « sous-cultures » dans la jeunesse populaire doit s'interpréter dans ce cadre. Le conflit de génération et l'invention d'un style de vie permettent à la fois de déplacer au delà des relations intra-familiales un ensemble de tensions, et de résoudre sur un mode imaginaire les contradictions auxquelles sont confrontés les parents de milieu ouvrier. A travers leurs panoplies symboliques (vêtements, musique, argot, rituels) les lignées de sous-cultures allant des rockers aux skinheads s'éclairent dans leur relation à une vision du futur social, leur articulation à un registre délinquant de prise de parole.
Le grand magasin comme forme culturelle
Authors: Chaney David
Published: October 2010

The main features of current retail trade stem from innovations in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the creation of department stores. The present article examines the link between this invention and the emergence of new socio-economic relations which marked the beginnings of the consumer society and in which women were to play a significant part, first as customers and then also as employees of the new stores. Several aspects were common to the UK, France and the USA, such as the bureaucrati- zation of buyer-seller relations, the significance of display and the splendour of the buildings, the « democratization » related to reduced prices and free entry, the creation of a new type of employee from the middle-classes, and the behavioural changes manifested in phenomena such as « kleptomania ». However, a number of British peculiarities, particularly in the way the department stores managed their client relations and different forms of advertising, are highlighted here.
Généricité, séquentialité, esthétique télévisuelles
Authors: Nel Noël
Published: October 2010

Dans les domaines de la literature, de la linguistique et du cinéma, les classifications des œuvres en genres peuvent mobiliser tout ou partie de six typologèmes de base qui concernent les niveaux de l'expression, du contenu et de la liaison pragmatique au contexte. Laboratoire de la déclinaison sérielle, lieu d'expérimentation des limites de répétition, renouvellement et usure, la télévision travaille de façon spécifique la généricité. Mêlant les régimes scopiques de la présentation et représentation, ainsi que les grands types d'images - factuelles, fictionnelles, virtuelles -, elle complexifie les configurations génériques héritées ou inventées par elle. De plus, elle développe à présent un mode d'agir communicationnel qui enrichit l'habituel agir téléologique par l'affirmation de formes d'action jadis en germe (agir axiologique, affectuel, spectaculaire). Enfin, elle place toutes les formes de séquentialité connues et de relations logiques entre elles dans des dispositifs labiles au service de l'agir dominant.
Le direct : une politique de la voix ou la télévision comme promesse inaccomplie
Authors: Bourdon Jérôme
Published: October 2010

Even if true live broadcasts are increasingly infrequent on television, the notion retains its significance. It is a promise made to the viewer who expects proof which is both semantic (pictures and, above all, sounds) and social (relations with the media or between viewers). Although this promise is most often unfulfilled, the impression of a live broadcast may exist even when the audience knows that the broadcast is delayed.
Les usages sociaux du téléphone dans les familles d'origine immigrée
Authors: Calogirou Claire , André Nathalie
Published: October 2010

This study of social uses of the telephone in immigrant families was conducted in a poor neighbourhood close to Paris, comprising mainly council housing. The analysis of practices related to the telephone has proved to be extremely interesting with regard to the organization of social and family relationships. We note the strengthening of the system of intra-family relationships, of the roles related to gender and generation, and of the role of children as mediators between the family and life outside. Solidarity, both in the family cell and in the extended family, is enhanced by use of the telephone, from both a material and a symbolic point of view.
Les adolescents et l'usage du téléphone
Authors: Fize Michel
Published: October 2010

Teenagers are regular users of the telephone which for them is a powerful medium for social interaction. They talk about school or other activities, depending on their age or their mood. Most of them enjoy this mode of communication and girls seem to use it more extensively than boys. The result is often tension in the home when the phone bills are excessively high or the line occupied for long periods.
Les sciences de l'information et de la communication au risque de l'expertise ? Sur et sous des pratiques scientifiques
Authors: Boure Robert
Published: October 2010

En s 'appuyant sur des travaux ď epistemologie et de sociologie des sciences, cet article s'efforce de contribuer à recomposer les figures de l'expert et du chercheur dans les sciences humaines et sociales en général, et dans les sciences de l'information et de la communication en particulier. Il pose également la question des pratiques scientifiques, et derrière elle, s'interroge sur les « lieux » à partir desquels se construisent scientifiquement et socialement l'identité, la légitimité et la visibilité des disciplines.
Les organisations et le travail artistiques sont-ils contrôlables ?
Authors: Chiapello Eve
Published: October 2010

The definition of art inherited from the Romantic era implies that «true» art must be totally free and exclusively in its own service. All forms of constraint and control are therefore seen as destructive. Yet art today is increasingly produced in a relationship with organizations and in a collective context which necessarily produces certain forms of control. The author has therefore tried here both to define this control and the forms of art at the centre of the accusation that control could kill art, and to identify the forms of control at play in the most innovative productions which are also, "a priori", the most hostile areas to any form of constraint. Four sources of control are distinguished: self-control, control by romantic ideology, control through a gift and control by an adhocratic body. The paradox is that these four sources of control, which break away from traditional management, are today part of the reflection of the most modern management. It seems very likely that this will affect artists' historical reservations vis-à-vis management.
Les enjeux de la maîtrise de l'information dans la défense
Authors: Bellais Renaud
Published: October 2010

L'influence des nouvelles technologies dans le domaine militaire intervient à plusieurs niveaux. Outre la place prise par les outils informationnels dans l'organisation de la défense, de nouveaux dangers apparaissent. Économiquement parlant, le civil exporte désormais davantage de technologie vers le militaire qu'il n'en reçoit de celui-ci. Plus largement, c'est désormais l'ensemble du secteur économique qui devient un enjeu de défense.
Crise sociale et crise journalistique. Traitement médiatique du mouvement social de décembre 1995 et transformation du travail journalistique
Authors: Lévêque Sandrine
Published: October 2010

Les questions sociales habituellement négligées par les médias ont, à l'occasion du conflit de décembre 1995, fait la une des journaux. Le traitement médiatique de ce mouvement a créé dans les rédactions des principaux quotidiens nationaux des tensions importantes en bouleversant pour un temps les hiérarchies implicites de l'espace journalistique. La lisibilité de l'événement s'est ainsi opérée au travers de catégories routinières du travail journalistique (lecture politique du mouvement, dimension spectaculaire de l'événement...) et illustre ainsi le travail journalistique quotidien de mise en forme de la réalité. Mobilisant l'ensemble des rédactions, le traitement médiatique du mouvement social révèle aussi les transformations du champs journalistique. La vision qui dominait depuis de nombreuses années d'un « social » essentiellement technique, appendice du politique ou de l'économique, pris en charge par des journalistes experts plus que militants s'est, à l'occasion du mouvement social, transformée. On assiste alors, à la faveur de la conjoncture particulière du mouvement de décembre, à une revanche du social et, plus particulièrement, des journalistes de la rubrique sociale porteurs de propriétés et de valeurs correspondantes à un état antérieur du recrutement dans cette spécialité.
Technologies fin de siècle : l'Internet et la radio
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: October 2010

It is worth studying the development of other technologies if we wish to identify really innovative elements in the Internet and ask relevant questions about its future. After showing that radio, born at the turn of the nineteenth century, spread more quickly than the Internet, the author presents the technical choices made by the two systems, their original Utopias, the role of amateurs in their development and the stabilization of their economic models. This comparative viewpoint helps us to see the Internet differently, not as the substitution of a market model for an academic and non-market model, but as a profoundly heterogeneous system that advances more through diversification than unification.
Commerce électronique, la question de la vente aux particuliers sur l'Internet (« business to consumers »)
Authors: Licoppe Christian
Published: October 2010

Cet essai répond à un double objectif. D'une part réexaminer les analyses actuelles sur le développement du commerce électronique, en particulier celles issues de l'économie, la gestion et le marketing. D'autre part, à partir des spécificités de la structure réticulaire de l'Internet, pointer de nouvelles spécificité du commerce électronique, relevant d'approches plus sociologiques et anthropologiques. On aboutira en particulier à l'idée non pas de commerce électronique mais de formes et de modalités différentes pour la vente en ligne, c'est à dire bien plutôt de commerces électroniques.
Les apports à la recherche des sciences de l'information et de la communication
Authors: Miège Bernard
Published: October 2010

After considering the conditions of the birth and development of information and communication science, the author explores the issues it has dealt with for the past quarter of a century. He points out the assets of the discipline and argues for more in-depth research around questions that as yet have received no attention.
Identités sexuées et statuts interactionnels. De la gestion de la durée des conversations téléphoniques
Authors: Smoreda Zbigniew , Licoppe Christian
Published: October 2010

Nous analysons dans cet article les données issues d'une enquête réalisée en 1996 auprès de 312 foyers. Les données sur la durée des conversations téléphoniques entre hommes et femmes sont examinées pour montrer un effet de sexe original qui consiste en une claire influence du sexe de la personne appelée sur la durée des échanges téléphoniques. Nous proposons une explication selon laquelle, pendant une conversation téléphonique (analysée comme comparable à une visite), les règles de politesse, la distribution des rôles appelant-appelé et les statuts de sexe des interlocuteurs influencent le déroulement de l'interaction à travers l'ajustement par appelant de son style d'interaction au sexe de l'appelé.
La production coopérative des factures. Cas de mise en place d'un outil de groupware
Authors: Cardon Dominique
Published: October 2010

L'étude de cas relatée dans cet article porte sur la réforme organisationnelle du processus de facturation d'un grand opérateur de télécommunication. La mise en réseau des différents métiers de la facture (l'informatique, les services clientèle, l'impression, etc.) dispersés sur le territoire a été réalisée autour d'un outil de groupware permettant aux acteurs d'échanger, de se communiquer des documents et de coordonner un processus très réglé. L'article insiste d'abord sur les différents facteurs qui ont contribué à la réussite du changement d'organisation et de l'appropriation de l'outil de groupware par les acteurs (l'apparition de compétences d'animateurs, l'explication collective des processus de travail et la transformation des modes de management du réseau). Mais l'insertion de ce dispositif coopératif au sein du processus de coopération marque et renforce aussi des transformations organisationnelles profondes des métiers de la facture : le déplacement des compétences des informaticiens vers les métiers d'animation et de planification du service, la reconstruction du réseau de données autour de la relation client et non de l'architecture du réseau technique, le développement de nouvelles pratiques d'attention aux incidents et aux procédures qualité. L'outil de groupware constitue le lieu d'articulation et le révélateur des conflictualités que font naître ces processus.
Intranet et aléas organisationnels
Authors: Vaast Emmanuelle
Published: October 2010

Cet article rapporte, à partir d'une étude de cas, certaines des coévolutions entre l'intranet et un contexte organisational en mutation. Dans le cas étudié (le département informatique d'une mutuelle d'assurance), intranet apparaît comme un analyseur et un catalyseur des évolutions organisationnelles. D'abord, au niveau des transformations d'ensemble du département, l'observation de l'intranet est l'occasion de mettre en évidence et d'analyser des changements profonds aboutis ou non (réorganisation, fusion suspendue). A ce premier niveau, l'intranet ne participe pas aux évolutions de l'entreprise, mais il permet de les refléter, voire de les expliciter. Ensuite, les évolutions, utilisations, adaptations progressives et locales des intranets jouent un rôle dans d'autres mutations du département. Celles-ci ont trait aux méthodes de travail, aux relations professionnelles entre le département et les autres parties de la mutuelle, à une séparation accrue entre membres du département. Comme catalyseur, l'intranet s'inscrit dans les évolutions du travail et les changements de construction identitaires. Il peut alors être approprié par les « communautés de pratique » internes aux organisations.