bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thrips Oryzae, Sp. nov., injurious to rice in India.
Authors: William C. B.
Published: July 2009

Up to the present time no single species of the cosmopolitan genus Thrips has been recorded from the mainland of India. In fact our knowledge of the Thysanoptera of this country is extremely fragmentary. Schmutz in 1913 (Sitzb. der K. Akad. Wissensch. in Wien, Math-nat. kl. cxxii, p. 1–99) described forty-four species from Ceylon, and since that time about a dozen more have been added, and no doubt many of these will be found to occur on the mainland. At present, however, only seven species are recorded. These are: Physothrips lefroyi, Bagnall, Physothrips usitatus, Bagnall, Helioihrips indicus, Bagnall, Panchaetothrips indicus, Bagnall, Hindsiana apicalis, Bagnall, Phoxothrips breviceps, Bagnall, and Leeuwenia indicus, Bagnall. It is probably no exaggeration to say that there are at least two thousand species in that country still awaiting discovery.
Notes on a collection of species of Tabanidae from Hong Kong
Authors: Ricardo Gertrude
Published: July 2009

The blood-sucking flies here dealt with were collected in Hong Kong by Dr. H. Macfarlane, the Government Bacteriologist, and Mr. Adam Gibson, M.R.C.V.S., the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, and were forwarded by them to the Imperial Bureau of Entomology. The collection comprises not many species, but long series of several species, such as Tabanus rubidus, Wied., T. albimedius, Wlk., T. sanguinarius, Wlk., and T. mandarinus, Schiner.
Notes on the more important Insects in Sugar-cane Plantations in Fiji
Authors: Veitch Robert
Published: July 2009

The writer of the following notes has been engaged on entomological investigations in Fiji, Australia and Hawaii since 1914; the work has been entirely confined to the pests of sugar-cane and has been carried on mainly in the first-mentioned country, where insect depredations are very serious and materially reduce the profits on a considerable number of plantations. The investigation of these Fijian cane pests open up a field that is practically new, and so the work will probably continue for some considerable time. The length of the period that is likely to elapse before the publication of final results is such that it seems desirable to place on record a few of the main points in the life-histories of the more important insects of the sugar-cane plantations of that country, and so the writer has complied these notes containing summaries of their life-histories in so far as they are at present known to him.
A useful Breeding Cage
Authors: Cleare Laurence D.
Published: July 2009

Entomological investigations in the tropics usually entail a certain amount of difficulties not experienced in temperate regions, and it is often necessary to devise various kinds of apparatus to overcome these. The breeding cage described here was devised by myself as the result of a number of difficulties experienced in breeding experiments. Cages of this type have been in constant use in this laboratory for the past four years and have been found to meet almost every requirement. The ease with which they are constructed, together with the possibility of varying their size to suit one’s needs, as well as their portability, are all highly commendable features.
Neotoxoptera violae, Theo., and its Allies
Authors: Baker A. C.
Published: July 2009

In 1915 (Bull. Ent. Res. vi, p. 131) Theobald described an Aphid taken on violets in Africa as Neotoxoptera violae. He has also recorded a statement by Davis that it probably is Rhopalosiphum violae, Pergande, 1900 (The Entomologist, xlix, p. 149).
The Domestic breeding Mosquitos of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast
Authors: Ingram A.
Published: July 2009

The work of Dr. J. J. Simpson (Bull. Ent. Res. v, pp. 1–36 and Bull. Ent. Res. viii, pp. 193–214) has added largely to the knowledge of the bionomics of the larger blood-sucking insects of the Gold Coast, especially of the Northern Territories of the Colony, yet up to the present time, with the exception of the records obtained from one or two stations, singularly little is known with regard to the distribution in the Northern Territories of the smaller blood-sucking insects such as mosquitos and “sandflies.”
The Early Stages of West African Mosquitos—iv
Authors: Ingram A. , Macfie J. W. S.
Published: July 2009

In three previous papers (Bull. Ent. Res. vii, pp. 1–18; viii, pp. 73–91; and viii, pp. 135–154) we have described early stages of a number of West African mosquitos collected at Accra and at other places in the Gold Coast. The present paper deals with a few more early stages of mosquitos, for the most part collected by one of us (A.I.) in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, and thus fills in a gap or two in the knowledge of the life-histories of these insects.
The Coccidae of South Africa–iv.
Authors: Brain Chas. K.
Published: July 2009

Scale of adult ♀ about 2 mm. long, moderately broadened behind, convex, usually curved, white, not glossy, but with ± conspicuous growth-lines; exuviae orange-brown to dark brown. The colour of the second exuviae is only slightly obscured by a faint secretionary covering.
Insects Injurious to Economic Crops in the Zanzibar Protectorate
Authors: Mansfield-Aders W.
Published: July 2009

The following notes on the various insects injurious to the economic crops of the Zanzibar Protectorate are based on investigations made during the last few years.
The Chaetotaxy of the Pupa of Stegomyia fasciata
Authors: Macfie J. W. S.
Published: July 2009

The pupa is bilaterally symmetrical, that is, setae occur in similar situations on each side of the body, so that it will suffice to describe the arrangement on one side only. The setae on the two sides of the same pupa, however, often vary as regards their sub-divisions, and similar variations occur between different individuals; as an example, in Table I are shown some of the variations that were found in ten pupae taken at random. An examination of a larger number would have revealed a wider range. As a rule, a seta which is sometimes single, sometimes divided, is longer when single. For example, in one pupa the seta at the posterior angle of

the seventh segment was single on the right side, double on the left; the former measuring 266μ, and the latter only 159μ in length. This fact is not specifically mentioned in the descriptions which follow, but should be understood.
The prevalence, distribution and significance ofStegomyia fasciata, F. (=calopus, Mg.), in West Africa
Authors: Boyce Rubert
Published: July 2009

Havingtaken part as a volunteer in the great yellow fever epidemic of 1905 in New Orleans, I was later in the same year sent by the Colonial Office to enquire into yellow fever in British Honduras and the adjacent Central American Republics.
Some observations on the bionomics of Tabanus ditæniatus, Macquart, and Tabanus kingi, Austen
Authors: King Harold H.
Published: July 2009

The distribution of this Tabanid as given by Ansten † is a very wide one. In Africa it occurs from the Transvaal in the south to Egypt in the north, while outside the bounds of Africa it is found in Baluchistan, India, Ceylon, china and Japan. In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan it occurs fairly commonly in the south, but until this year it had not been recorded from the northern provinces.
On Tabanidæ collected in North-Eastern Rhodesia and Katanga, Congo Free State, By Dr. S. and Mr. S. A. Neave, with Descriptions of new species
Authors: Austen Ernest E.
Published: July 2009

Through the kindness of Mr. S. A. Neave, the types of all new species described below have been presented to the British Museum (Natural History).
A new species of Tabanus from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Authors: Austen Ernest E.
Published: July 2009

♀.—Length (four specimens) 13 to 16 mm.; width of head 4·4 to 5·5 mm.; width of front at vertex 0·5 mm. to just under 1 mm.; length of wing 10 to 13 mm.
A new species of Tsetse-Fly allied to Glossina palpalis, Rob.-Desv
Authors: Austen Ernest E.
Published: July 2009

♂ ♀. Length, ♂ (15 specimens) 8 to 8·5 mm.*, ♀ (15 specimens) 9 to 10 mm.; width of head 2·8 to 3 mm.; width of front at vertex, ♂ 0·75 mm., ♀ 1 mm.; length of wing, ♂ 8 to 8·75 mm., ♀ 9·4 to 10 mm.
A Contribution to Knowledge of the Tabanidae of Palestine
Authors: Austen Major E. E.
Published: July 2009

At the present moment our knowledge of the Dipterous fauna, including the Tabanidae, of Palestine is little better than complete ignorance, consisting as it does solely of a few isolated records of species—chiefly mosquitos. The following paper, which it is intended shall be succeeded by others dealing with other families of Diptera, based upon material collected by the author in Palestine during the recent campaign against the Turks, is a modest attempt to lift one small corner of the veil of obscurity.
Notes on the Identification of Anophelinae and their Larvae in the Zanzibar Protectorate
Authors: Mansfield-Aders W.
Published: July 2009

Medical Officers and others interested in tropical sanitation often find great difficulty in rapidly identifying adult mosquitos. Four Anophelines have been found in the Zanzibar Protectorate, two of these being well-known malaria carriers. The identification of the two latter with the aid of a pocket lens is quite simple.
The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, and 1907-1909, Under Mr.J.Stanley Gardiner, 52M.A.
Authors: Austen E.E.
Published: July 2009

The material belonging to this family brought back by the expedition includes representatives of only four species, one of which, however, is apparently new. That three out of the four species obtained should belong to the Aegophagamyia-Bouvierella group is not surprising, in view of the predominance of this group in the Malagasy Subregion.
African Aphididae.—PART IV.
Authors: Theobald Fred. V.
Published: July 2009

The following new species of Aphids have been sent from Africa; four are from a collection forwarded by Mr. Claude Fuller of the Department of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa (Macrosiphum cissi, Phorodon violae, Capitophorus chrysanthemi and Forda natalensis); one has been sent by Mr. C. C. Gowdey from the British East African Protectorate which has to be placed in a new genus (Cerciaphis).
Preliminary notes on the life-history of Argas brumpti, Neumann
Authors: King Harold H.
Published: July 2009

Although it is now some eight years since Neumann described Argas brumpti from specimens collected by Dr. Brumpt in Somaliland, comparatively little is known of its biology. Dr. Brumpt found the ticks living in dust under ledges of rock in the dry bed of a stream frequented by porcupines (1). In British East Africa they havebeen taken by Mr. Scholefield on the Yatta Plains (2) and in the Anglo-EgyptianSudan they have been recorded by the writer as occurring at Gebelein (3). In 1913 Mr. Cunliffe, working in England, obtained eggs and larvae from specimens sent him from British East Africa, but failed to rear the latter (2). Figures of the adult female appear in the Monograph of the Ixodoidea by Nuttall, Warburton, Cooper and Robinson. The egg and unfed larva have been figured and described by Mr. Cunliffe in The Journal of Parasitology (2).
A new vine Thrips (Thysanoptera) from Cyprus
Authors: Bagnall Richard S.
Published: July 2009

I have been asked by the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology to report upon, and, if necessary, describe a thrips which has been discovered to be distinctly injurious to vines in Cyprus. Two curious species of the suborder Terebrantia have been described from vines, viz., Retithrips aegypticus, Marchal, from Egypt and Rhipiphorothrips bicolor (Bagnall) from Ceylon, and Karny and Doctor van Leeuwen Reijnvaan record the following gall-thrips of the suborder Tubulifera from vines in Java; Dolerothrips picticornis, Karny, with an inquiline (Cryptothrips pachypus, Karny) from Vitis papillosa, Gynaikothrips viticola, Karny, from V. lanceolaria anda gall (species unknown) from V. mutabilis.
Some further Notes on the Tsetse-Flies of Nyasaland
Authors: Lamborn W. A.
Published: July 2009

A fortunate stay of a few days in July 1919 at Fort Johnston, Lake Nyasa, while waiting instructions, enabled the writer to proceed to the village of Mzeze near the Livingstonia Peninsula, where in 1914–15 some work was carried out on the various insects parasitic on the puparia of this fly.
Some Notes and Remarks on the Bionomics of Glossina morsitans
Authors: Jack Rupert W.
Published: July 2009

In the foregoing pages the following tentative views have been put forward in the hope that they may receive either confirmation or criticism from other investigators :
(1). The latter part of the dry season is probably, in general, the most favourable portion of the year to the fly.
(2). The later the onset of the rains the greater the capacity for increase.
(3). Seasons of unusually heavy rainfall are inimical, at least in certain areas.
(4).A series of years of lew rainfall is favourable.
(5).Regions where the fly commonly attains the greatest concentration of numbers are the regions where it is most liable to be reduced or to die out,namely, parts of the infested areas where first-grade foci predominate.
(6).In Southern Khodesia the passage of grass fires has, as a rule, no appreciable effect on the numbers of the fly.
(7).Mopani belts are probably of considerable value to the fly in providing limited areas attractive to game in the wet season, where the grass remains short; they possibly also afford a convenient refuge from grass fires in the dry season.
(8).The fly does not migrate under the stimulus of hunger or in company with game.
(9).The fly as a whole does not follow game about infested areas.
(10).The maximum distance at which a hungry fly readily detects its hosts is a short one, possibly less than 100 yards.
(11).The maximum following distance of the females remains to be determined ; the writer is not yet convinced that the females seek animals and humanbeings only for the purpose of feeding, though this appears probable.
Aphididae of Persia
Authors: Theobald F. V.
Published: July 2009

Head and thorax dark; abdomen pale, apparently pale green, with dark lateral spots. Antennae, cauda and cornicles dark. Legs with mid and hind femora dark, front pair paler; apices of tibiae and the tarsi dark. Antennae shorter than body, rather thick; basal segment larger and paler than second; third much longer than fourth and about as long as the sixth, with 18–20 small round pale sensoria over its whole length; fourth segment very slightly longer than fifth, with 5–8 sensoria; fifth with 4–7 sensoria of unequal size, exclusive of the usual subapical one; sixth with the rather thick basal area less than one-third the length of flagellum, in some however almost half its length; all the segments from the third imbricated. Eyes large. Proboscis reaching to the third coxae. A large palebladder-like papilla on each side of pronotum and five pairs of pale rounded papillae on sides of abdomen. Cornicles about as long and as thick as third antennal segment, cylindrical, markedly imbricated, not reaching to the level of the cauda. Cauda bluntly pointed, about half the length of the cornicles, spinose; with numerous fine hairs, curved apically. Anal plate spinose, with fine pale hairs. Tibiae with numerous fine, pale, short hairs. Wings with normal venation; veins and stigma brown, the veins very faintly and narrowly clouded on each side. Length, 2–2.2 mm.
Notes on Insects accidentally introduced into the Island of Mauritius
Authors: d’Emmerez de Charmoy D
Published: July 2009

In respect of insect and, incidentally, fungous diseases of plants, Mauritius is remarkable in two respects; the first being the very small numberthat are indigenous to the island, and the second the very large numbers that have been introduced. The desire to introduce exotic plants of a useful or ornamental nature is very widely spread in this Colony, and very extended plant introductions have taken place. Until comparatively recently no restrictions existed on such importations, and as a result insect and fungous pests in large numbers have become established to the great and permanent detriment of the major and minor agricultural industries of the Colony. For example, the cane-sugar industry was threatened with ruin in 1842 as the result of the introduction of the borer, Proceras saccchariphaga, Bojer, from Ceylon; at a somewhat later date greatdamage was done by the insect known locally as the “Pou a Roche Blanche” (Pulvinaria gasteralpha, Icery); and again quite recently the introduction of Phytalus smithi has proved a serious menace to the industry and has resulted in the loss of large sums of money.
A Pannier Hopper-dozer
Authors: Williams C. B.
Published: July 2009

In the course of my work on the froghopper (Tomaspis saccharina, Dist.) damaging sugar-cane in Trinidad, it was found that the adult insects could be caught in very large numbers at the time of their broods by drawing large nets over the cane plants in the late evening and early morning. A number of different types of net were designedand experimented with, and the one described below has proved the most satisfactory up to the present.
A Liparid Moth (Ocnerogyia amanda, Staud.) destructive to Figs in Mesopotamia
Authors: Buxton P. A.
Published: July 2009

There are few countries in which agriculture is more important and the enemies of the crops less known than Mesopotamia. The following notes on a serious pest of the fig-tree in various parts of the Baghdad vilayet were put together on the River Diyala, north-east of Baghdad, at the end of July 1918. The Liparid moth which is so injurious has been determined by Sir G. F. Hampson as Ocnerogyia amanda, Staud. The larve devoured all the fig leaves completely. with the exception of one or two of the large vascular bundles. The fruit shrivelled and dropped before it was ripe.
Crab-holes, Trees, and other Mosquito Sources in Lagos
Authors: Dalziel J. M.
Published: July 2009

The occurrence of mosquitos in crab-holes is tolerably well known both in West Africa and in other countries. It is doubtful, however, whether these sources receive sufficient practical attention, and one hears too often when their presence is demonstrated the opinion expressed that the insects only shelter there and are not likely to use them as breeding-places when so many others are available. One has even found medical officers whose unbelief had to be assailed by demonstration of the larvae and pupae. Others again, though aware of the fact, perhaps think the occurrence of too trifling importance to justify the necessary steps to eradicate them, even when near a dwelling.
A New Type of Entomological Killing-Bottle
Authors: Macgregor Malcolm E.
Published: July 2009

The “cyanide bottle” is never a very attractive part of the entomologist’s equipment. When made up in the old way, i.e., plaster of Paris poured over lumps of solid potassium cyanide and the plaster then allowed to set, the contrivance has an attractive appearance, but is an abomination to use, especially if small insects are being dealt with. The large amount of water utilised in making up the plaster of Paris can never be dried out properly, and the potassium cyanide being deliquescent to some extent the presence of moisture is unavoidable. Moreover the cyanide soon decomposes and turns brown, imparting its colour to the plaster and forming an ugly-looking mass on which small insects, are not contrasted and may be easily overlooked and lost.
Insect Pests of Dates and the Date palm in Mesopotamia and elsewhere
Authors: Buxton P. A.
Published: July 2009

In the summer of 1918, there was every prospect of an unusually good crop of dates in Mesopotamia, until the month of June, when a large number of the half-grown dates suddenly became “hashaf” — an Arabic word signifying that they dried up and fell from the trees. This was a very serious matter, not only because the date is the principal resource of the country, but also because any and every disaster was at that time attributed by a section of the population to the British administration. At the end of July I was lent to the Directorate of Agriculture to carry out an investigation upon the failure of the date crop. I found that the principal pest, the larva of a Gelechiid moth, had finished its work, and had wandered away from the palms to pupate ; and though I was unable to solve the problem of its life-history, I had the good fortune to discover a good deal that was new about the insect pests of the date palm. At the time I published a report (1918), to which I only refer now in order to say that it was produced on the spot and without access to any books ; it contains certain inaccuracies, and anything of value which I may have discovered will be found in the present paper. During the course of my investigations I visited all the important date-growing areas of Mesopotamia, that is to say, Baghdad and its neighbourhood, the Diyala River from Ba’qubah to the Persian Frontier at Baba Pillawi, Mendali and Balad Ruz, Basra and the country round it, Mohammerah and Fao, the Lower Euphrates from Nasiriyeh to Suq-ash-Shuyukh, Qurnah and Amara. At the time of my visit the fruit was nearly ripe, so that it was not difficult to learn the distinctions between the different varieties of date palms, a point of great importance in view of the fact that they are liable to the various pests in varying degrees. I strongly recommend future investigators to familiarize themselves throughly with these varieties, and also with the very considerable number of Arabic words which are used specially for the date palm and its cultivation. This is no small task, as will be realized when I mention that in Mesopotamia about 70 words are employed by the peasants for various parts of the date palm ; the vocabulary relating to cultivation and methods of employment is just as extensive.
An Examination of the Tsetse Problem in North Mossurise, Portuguese East Africa
Authors: Swynnerton C. F. M
Published: July 2009

In June 1918, I arranged to carry out a preliminary investigation of the habits and distribution of the tsetse-flies in the northern portion of the Mossurise district for a maximum period of three months on the understanding that the Mozambique Company would defray the general expenses of the expedition.
Mosquitos collected in Palestine and adjacent Territories
Authors: Barraud P.J
Published: July 2009

These notes include observations made on the mosquito fauna of Palestine, for the period July 1919 to August 1920.
A preliminary Revision of the Genus Dociostaurus, Fieb
Authors: Uvarov B. P.
Published: July 2009

The genus Dociostaurus, Fieb., which is synonymous with Stauronotus, Fisch., includes several species of locusts and grasshoppers injurious to agriculture in South-Eastern Europe, Central and Western Asia and North Africa, the well known Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus, Thunb.) being one of the worst pests in Algeria, Tunisia, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Turkestan. The systematics of the species of this genus are in a very unsatisfactory state, and this, together with the tendency of the species to individual variability, is the cause of many mistakes in their identification on the part of economic entomologists. The object of this paper is, therefore, to establish a more or less natural system of the species enabling everyone to identify them with certainty.
A Revision of the Genus Leptoconops, Skuse
Authors: Carter Henry F.
Published: July 2009

The genusLeptoconopswas erected in 1890 by the Australian dipterist Skuse for a minute black Chironomid fly which he captured at Woronora, near Sydney, New South Wales. This genus he placed in the last of the three sections into which he divided the family Chironomidae, namely, the Ceratopogonina. The fly greatly resembled a small species ofSimuliumin general facies, and presented certain peculiar characters which rendered it strikingly distinct from other members of the section. Indeed, certain authors (Mik 1894, Johannsen 1905) have since drawn attention to the marked similarity in the wing venation of an American species (L. torrens,Twns.) andCorynoneura,a genus of the subfamily Chironominae. Later (1907) Noé suggested the formation of an additional subfamily—Leptoconopinae—for the Australian and allied species (at that time classified in three genera), and Malloch (1915), although acknowledging that the genusTersesthes,Twns. (a synonym ofLeptoconops), was unknown to him, associated it with the Chironominae rather than with the Ceratopogoninae. Apart from the wing venation, however,Leptoconopsshows no affinities withCorynoneura,but rather agrees with the Ceratopogonine midges, particularly in regard to the structure of the thorax and mouth-parts. Several species ofLeptoconopshave now been described, but owing to differences in the interpretation of, or slight variations in, some of the generic characters given by Skuse, as well as to subsequent descriptive errors, they have, in greater part, been referred to the generaTersesthes,Twns., andMycterotypus,Noé. As was to be expected, however, the close agreement exhibited in the diagnoses of these genera and ofLeptoconopshas caused several authors to suggest their identity; but indefinite or partial conclusion* only were reached, since the genotype ofLeptoconops(L. stygius, Sk.) was not re-examined.
On some Bornean Fig-insects (Agaonidae–Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea).
Authors: Waterston James
Published: July 2009

The following notes deal with the Agaonidae represented in a small collection of fig insects formed in 1907–8, in Sarawak, by Mr. J. Hewitt, now Director of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa.
The Life-history of Euthyrrhinus meditabundus, Fabr., an Important Weevil Pest of Mango Trees in Australia
Authors: Hill G. F.
Published: July 2009

The adults of the weevil, Euthyrrhinus meditabundus, Fabr., were frequently taken in the forest country to the south of Darwin, Northern Territory, and on several occasions they were bred from the branches of two species of indigenous trees and from custard apples, Poincianas and two unidentified species of introduced ornamental trees growing in the Darwin Botanic Gardens. As a rule the infestation of these trees was not heavy, although Poincianas occasionally showed considerable injury. Mango trees, which were frequently badly damaged and sometimes destroyed by termites (Mastotermes darwinensis), appeared to be immune from attack by Euthyrrhinus, even when growing in close proximity to infested trees of other kinds.
A New Chalcid Parasite of Euthyrrhinus meditabundus
Authors: Dodd Alan P.
Published: July 2009

Head and thorax black; abdomen bright orange-red; tegulae red; antennae clear orange-red, the two apical club joints darker, the scape darker and varying to black; posterior legs, including the coxae, clear orange-red; anterior and intermediate coxae black, their femora and tibiae more or less brown or fuscous, their tarsi red.
Biological Studies of Aphis rumicis, Linn.
Authors: Davidson J.
Published: July 2009

This is the first of a series of papers based on results of breeding experiments and on observations in the field. It is hoped that a full inventigation of the biology of this species will be of value in elucidating the many difficult biological problems of the Aphididae.
Flax Caterpillars in Kenya Colony, with Special Reference to the Limitations of the Roping Method of Combating them
Authors: Dry F. W.
Published: July 2009

Caterpillars on flax in Kenya Colony are farm pests of the first rank. They belong to more than one species, but the one most commonly reared from material from the field is Phytometra (Plusia) orichalcea, F.; Heliothis obsoleta, F., is also met with.
The Red Scale, Chrysomphalus aurantii, Mask., in Kenya Colony
Authors: Dry F. W.
Published: July 2009

The first record of red scale in Kenya Colony in the file of the Entomological Laboratory is for 1914, on citrus. It is known that the scale has been brought into the country in at least one consignment of citrus, which, being accompanied by a certificate from the country of origin that the plants were free from insect pests, was allowed to enter the country under the Plant Import Regulations then in force, without being inspected. It seems, therefore, likely that red scale is not indigenous to the country, but an introduced pest.
Coccidae from the Seychelles
Authors: Green E. E. , Laing F.
Published: July 2009

Adult female pyriform, broadest across the meso- and metathorax; cephalothoracic area rounded in front, slightly contracted behind, where there is a well-defined transverse grove; abdomen tapering to the posterior extremity; frons and margins of thorax and abdomen with a few spiniform setae. Antennae rudimentary, each bearing a single long straight seta. Anterior spiracles with a small group of parastigmatic pores (fig. 1, A). Pygidium with a well defined, strongly chitinised, pyriform, reticulated area, the lacunae oval or round, and disposed regularly; the part posterior to the anus, very heavily chitinised, obscuring the lacunae. Circumgenital glands present, consisting of a continuous arch representing the united median and

anterior lateral groups, with the posterior laterals separated by a short space; the anterior laterals show signs of being in two rows. Dorsal pores numerous, comparatively small, circular, arranged in longitudinal series on each side of the pygidium, and extending on to the margins of the abdomen (fig. 1, B). Pygidial margin with three pairs of lobes and numerous angular projections laterad, each lobe notched on the outer side; two pairs of conspicuous claviform paraphyses, each with a large separate circular knob like the dot of an i (fig. 1, C). Length, 1 mm.; greatest breadth about 0·75 mm.
On Three New Species of Indian Braconidae
Authors: Lyle G. T.
Published: July 2009

The following descriptions are based on material submitted for determination by Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, the Imperial Entomologist, Pusa, Bihar.
Insect Pests of Various Minor Crops and Fruit Trees in Mauritius
Authors: d'Emmerez de Charmoy D. , Gebert S.
Published: July 2009

The following paper deals with insect pests of various minor crops and fruit trees in the Colony of Mauritius. The damage caused by most of the pests dealt with is often not very apparent, as many of these crops are not grown extensively, and have not been the object of any special investigation up to the present. If extensive cultivation of any of these should be undertaken, it is clear that there might be created a new environment favourable to increase of the insects, and that the pest problem would then have to be dealt with seriously. Our knowledge of these pests is very deficient, as their life-history and habits have never been studied in detail locally. It is also quite probable that extended cultivation may bring to light many potential pests which at present escape our attention.
The Egg Parasites of the Coffee Bug (Antestia lineaticollis, Stal) in Kenya Colony
Authors: Dry F. W.
Published: July 2009

Some account of work on the egg-parasites of the coffee bug in Kenya Colony has already been published in a bulletin of the Department of Agriculture of that country.
A New Aphid Genus and Species found in England
Authors: Theobald Fred.V.
Published: July 2009

This marked genus appears to be intermediate between Atheroides, Haliday, and Sipha, Passerini.
Some Siamese Tabanidae
Authors: Austen E. E.
Published: July 2009

The potentialities of Siam as a field for discovery have hitherto been almost entirely neglected by collectors of Diptera, and in consequence, apart from an occasional description of a new species, little or nothing has been published upon the Siamese representatives of this Order. It follows that the only available method of making determinations of such material is the exceedingly laborious and wearisome one of reading through descriptions of the older authors like Wiedemann and Macquart, which, though based on types collected in other parts of the Oriental Region, may possibly be found to apply to one or other specimen from Siam.
Description of a New Species of Epipyrops from South India
Authors: Tams W. H. T.
Published: July 2009

Male.—General coloration fuscous, with the vertex of the head, pectus, underside of abdomen, anal region, legs and base of antennal shaft mouse-grey. Fore-wings, above, covered with mouse-grey scales, amongst which are scattered irregular patches of fuscous-black scales, these predominating but forming no definite pattern; beneath, covered more uniformly with fuscous-black scales, except in the region between the first anal vein and the inner margin, which is covered with narrow elongate oval mouse-grey scales. Hind-wings above and beneath covered with fuscous scales, the inner margin furnished with long fuscous hairs. Cilia of both wings fuscous-black.
On the Eggs and Oviposition of Psorophora (Janthinosoma) posticata, Wied. (Culicidae)
Authors: Pawan J. L.
Published: July 2009

The mosquito, Psorophora posticata, Wied. (Janthinosoma musica, Say), commonly deposits its eggs in the rain-water that accumulates in the broken cacao pods strewn in heaps about the cool shady parts of cacao fields.
Some Problems of the Breeding-places of the Anophelines of Malaya: A Contribution towards their Solution
Authors: Lamborn W. A.
Published: July 2009

Knowledge of the breeding habits of the Anopheline mosquitos has advanced greatly since the days when it was considered that the larvae of any species were distributed indiscriminately in all and sundry collections of stagnant water. In the Federated Malay States entomological research, which has now extended over many years, tends to show that preferences by the various species for different kinds of breeding-places exist; and attempts have been made to define in relation to particular species, or groups of species, or groups of species, the types of breeding-place favoured.
Some Injurious Neotropical Weevils (Curculionidae)
Authors: Marshall Guy A. K.
Published: July 2009

The species for which this genus is proposed is closely allied to Polydrusus, Germ., and agrees with it in all its more salient characteristics; but it differs from all the species of that genus known to me in the following points:—The head bears a long, deep median furrow; the epistome forms a large bare smooth triangular area, which is well defined and in no way impressed, but even slightly convex; the elytra have a prominent posterior callus, and the ninth and tenth striae coalesce in the middle for one-third of their length.
On the Occurrence of Leaf-eating Sawflies on Cereals in Britain
Authors: Roebuck A
Published: July 2009

Each season since 1918 numbers of leaf-feeding sawfly larvae have been taken during the months of June and July in both oat and wheat crops. The larvae feed along the edges of the blades during the day and usually cut off the upper portion.
A New East African Tsetse-fly (Genus Glossina, Wied.), which apparently disseminates sleeping sickness
Authors: Austen E. E.
Published: July 2009

Although within the last few years—chiefly owing to the diagnostic ability and brilliant technical skill of Professor Robert Newstead, F.R.S.—several additions have been made to the list of recognised species of Glossina, the numerical total of which now stands at nineteen, the Glossina morsitans Group has not received a single accession. Peculiar interest therefore attaches to the discovery of the species described below, not only by reason of its apparent pathogenic importance,* but also on account of its systematic position within the genus.
Some new Culicine Mosquitos found in India, and a Note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.)
Authors: Barraud P. J.
Published: July 2009

In this paper short descriptions of several new species of the genus Finlaya, Theo., are given, together with a note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.). These will be dealt with more fully in another paper which is now in preparation, and which will include synoptic tables, photographs, and drawings of the male hypopygia, as far as possible, of all the species of this genus found in India up to the present; this paper will be published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research as soon as possible. Through the kindness of Dr. N. Annandale I have been able to examine a number of type specimens in the Indian Museum collection, and to obtain the loan of a few, of which photographs have been prepared.
Report on a Test of a Method of attacking Glossina by Artificial Breeding places
Authors: Carpenter G. D. Hale
Published: July 2009

In 1913 Major Austen asked me whether it would not be possible to reproduce artificially the conditions which tempt the female Glossina palpalis to deposit its larvae (Report of Departmental Committee of Colonial Office on Sleeping Sickness, June 1914. Questions 1420, 1421) I replied that I thought it would, and early in 1914, on my return to Uganda, commenced a preliminary experiment to test the possibility of reducing the numbers of palpalis by providing highly attractive artificial shelters under which larvae would be deposited in numbers, and where the pupae could be collected easily and regularly destroyed. These preliminary investigations were described in my Fifth Report on the bionomics of palpalis published in the Reports of the Royal Society's Sleeping Sickness Commission (No. xvii), and it was claimed that these results were sufficiently promising to make the method worth attention and further experimental trial. Before I went on long leave in 1919 I had arranged for such a trial to be carried out in my absence, but the experiment came to an end from causes beyond my control before a satisfactory result could be obtained either confirming or contradicting the claims made for the method.
The Larva and Pupa of Orthopodomyia arboricollis, d';Emmerez de Charmoy, 1908
Authors: MacGregor Malcolm E. , Gébert S.
Published: July 2009

Orthopodomyia arboricollis was described under the name of Culex arboricollis by d'Emmerez de Charmoy, from adults reared by him from larvae that were found by Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S., in a tree-hole at Vacoas. Mr. d'Emmerez tells us that these adults were the only ones he has seen in his long experience in Mauritius, and the species so far is recorded from this island only. Mr. F. W. Edwards, after examination of the types in the collections at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, has recently correctly assigned the insect to the genus Orthopodomyia.
On an Internal Parasite (Hym.—Chalcidoidea) of a Thrips from Trinidad
Authors: Waterston James
Published: July 2009

During the past summer Mr. F. W. Urich, Government Entomologist, Trinidad, B.W.I., succeeded in rearing a number of small Chalcids from larvae of a thrips in the prepupal stage. The following description is based on part of this material.
Aëdes (Stegomyia) mascarensis, MacGregor: a new Mosquito from Mauritius
Authors: MacGregor Malcolm E.
Published: July 2009

This new species of Aëdes (Stegomyia) was discovered while I was conducting a malaria and anti-Anopheline survey in Mauritius for the Colonial Office during 1922–1923.
A Note on the Fertilisation of Anopheles
Authors: MacGregor Malcolm E.
Published: July 2009

Fertilisation of the indigenous species of Anopheles in England, as far as I know, has not been brought about while the insects were in captivity. Several investigators have attempted to induce fertilisation in order to maintain strains for laboratory experimental purposes, but without success. While in charge of the War Office Entomological Laboratories at Sandwich, Kent, during 1919–1920, I attempted to induce fertilisation in captive Anopheles maculipennis and A. bifurcatus, but failed to do so even under the very favourable environment under which the insects were kept—such as large scientifically constructed insect-cages, an electrically heated insect-house, electrically controlled atmospheric humidity, an animal and human blood supply, etc.
Descriptions of some apparently new Non-Diaspidine Coccidae
Authors: Green E. E. , Laing F.
Published: July 2009

Castaneous-brown, more or less spherical, sparsely covered with long slender hairs. Potashed specimens show the dorsum with very long slender hairs interspersed with hairs about one-fifth as long; marginal fringe consisting of an outer row of strong spines slightly serrated on margin towards tip, on strong squarish bases, and an inner row of similar spines but only about half the length of those of the outer row; scattered at intervals are long slender spines similar to those on the dorsum together with several of the smaller and more slender. Venter with scattered very short, sharp spines. Antennae composed of 4 segments, third segment twice the length of the second and apparently composed of two fused together, the last segment about three-fourths the length of the preceding. Posterior valve of the anal operculum distinctly but loosely reticulated, anterior valve with long stout setae.
On a new injurious Thrips affecting Tea in India
Authors: Bagnall Richard S.
Published: July 2009

I have recently received a tube of thrips from the Government Entomologist, Coimbatore, found to be badly damaging tea on an estate near Kotagiri (altitude 6,500 ft.), in the Nilgiri Hills, S. India.
A new genus and species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: LaSalle John
Published: July 2009

Phymastichus coffea, a new genus and species of tetrastichine Eulophidae, is described. This species is parasitic on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), in Africa and is currently under investigation as a possible biological control agent for this borer
Action of amorphous silica dusts on the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Linneaus) (Orthoptera: Blattidae)
Authors: Patourel G. N. J. Le , Zhou J. J.
Published: July 2009

Adult male German cockroaches were exposed to deposits of amorphous precipitated and pyrogenic silicas in continuous and discontinuous contact bioassays. LC50S of precipitated silicas in the former case generally increased with oil adsorption capacity of the dusts; variability in response in discontinuous contact bioassays was apparently due to grooming of appendages following pick-up of dust aggregates. The toxicity of silica deposits in half-treated choice boxes varied with relative humidity and was effectively eliminated at 95% r.h. or when free water was provided. Cockroaches accumulated in the untreated side of the box irrespective of r.h.; the mechanism of this effect is discussed.
Biological control of forest aphid pests in Africa
Authors: Mills N.J.
Published: July 2009

The aphids, Cinara cupressi (Buckton), Eulachnus rileyi Williams and Pineus pini (Macquart), have invaded conifer plantations in southern and eastern Africa between 1968 and 1986. Conifer plantations, and particularly pine plantations, are a new habitat in this region, having been established in the 1960s and 1970s. These aphids are the first non-native pests to colonize these forest plantations. As exotic pests, the aphids are suitable targets for classical biological control through the importation of natural enemies from Europe, the region of origin of the three aphids. The opportunities for biological control are explored and the prospects are encouraging. Details of the natural enemy complexes of the target pests in Europe are provided and discussed in relation to previous successful biological control programmes against conifer pests in other continents.
Efficiency of electric nets as sampling devices for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Authors: Packer M.J. , Brady John
Published: July 2009

Video was used to provide objective measurements of the behaviour of tsetse around an electric net. Data were collected on: (1) the number and behaviour of flies which actively avoided the net; (2) the number and fate of flies which hit the net; (3) the distribution on the ground around the net of electrocuted flies. This allowed estimates to be made of net efficiency (=No. of flies sampled/No. sampled + No. escaped%). The three components of an electric net system (netting/grids, inverter-transformer (‘spark box’) and battery) were varied to determine the effect of each on efficiency: neither the condition (age) of the netting/grids nor the design or condition of the ‘spark boxes’ had a significant effect on efficiency, but efficiency was lower with partly-charged batteries than with fully-charged ones. When account was not taken of flies which behaviourally avoided the net, the best system had an efficiency of 55% (range 49–61%), (cf. a previous estimate of 94%); when the behavioural avoiders were included in the estimate the efficiency was only 46% (range 43–49%). The efficiency of the system is discussed in terms of the way the high voltage across the electric grid is generated, and also how it might affect interpretation of sample data.
Estimation of development times for immature stages of the bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae), and their simulation from air temperature and solar radiation records
Authors: Vogt W. G. , Walker J.M. , Runko S
Published: July 2009

Immature stages of bush fly, Musca vetustissima Walker, were reared at constant temperatures ranging from 18°C to 39°C. Mean egg to adult development times ranged from 7.0 to 25.8 days. Eggs, larval instars I, II and III, and pupae averaged, respectively, 3.1, 4.4, 5.5, 36.4 and 50.6% of the total development time. Mean development rate was a non-linear function of temperature. A non-linear development rate model accurately estimated mean development times of immature stages under both constant and fluctuating temperature regimes. Simulation of dung pad temperatures, from air temperature and solar radiation records, predicted development times of soil- and dunginhabiting stages of M. vetustissima to within 4% of those observed under field conditions.
The biosystematics of Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) attacking the Oriental honey bee, Apis cerana Fabricius. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a review of braconid parasitoids attacking bees
Authors: Walker Annette K. , Joshi N. K. , Verma S. K.
Published: July 2009

Records of braconid parasitoids attacking bees (Apidae) are reviewed and their biology is discussed. The adult of Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp (Braconidae) is redescribed, the female for the first time. The final-instar larva is also described for the first time and the implications of interpreting larval characters are discussed. The Oriental honey bee, Apis cerana Fabricius, is recorded here for the first time as the host of S. szaboi.
Tephritids of knapweeds, starthistles and safflower: results of a host choice experiment and the taxonomy of Terellia luteola (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: White Ian M. , Groppe Kerstin , Sobhian Rouhollah
Published: July 2009

A host choice experiment was carried out to determine the host range of some potential biological control agents of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a Mediterranean plant which has become a serious rangeland weed in western USA. This paper describes the results of that experiment and discusses its taxonomic implications. The experiment confirmed the extreme host specificity of some species. However, two reputedly polyphagous species, Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) and Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen), attacked a narrower range of hosts than expected. The results of this and similar host choice experiments are discussed and it is concluded that this sort of anomaly can be caused by the existence of host races, unrecognized sibling species, or by varieties of plants naturally resistant to attack. These complex patterns of host relationship highlight the need to interpret host catalogue data cautiously, as they oversimplify complex biological systems. The identity of one species reared in the experiment, Terellia luteola (Wiedemann), is discussed; a key is presented for its separation from other Terellia species, and it is removed from synonymy with T. colon (Meigen).
An Improved Form of Apparatus for “Low Power” Insect Photomicrography
Authors: Marshall John F.
Published: July 2009

The apparatus here illustrated (Plate i) has been devised by the writer for photographing mosquitoes by the method generally known as “low power photomicrography,” in which a long extension camera fitted with a short focus photographic lens is employed.