bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Cooling Gallium‐Based Transformative Electronics with a Radiative Cooler for Reliable Stiffness Tuning in Outdoor Use
Authors: Byun Sang‐Hyuk , Yun Joo Ho , Heo Se‐Yeon , Shi Chuanqian , Lee Gil Ju , Agno Karen‐Christian , Jang Kyung‐In , Xiao Jianliang , Song Young Min , Jeong Jae‐Woong
Published: June 2022

Reconfigurability of a device that allows tuning of its shape and stiffness is utilized for personal electronics to provide an optimal mechanical interface for an intended purpose. Recent approaches in developing such transformative electronic systems (TES) involved the use of gallium liquid metal, which can change its liquid–solid phase by temperature to facilitate stiffness control of the device. However, the current design cannot withstand excessive heat during outdoor applications, leading to undesired softening of the device when the rigid mode of operation is favored. Here, a gallium‐based TES integrated with a flexible and stretchable radiative cooler is presented, which offers zero‐power thermal management for reliable rigid mode operation in the hot outdoors. The radiative cooler can both effectively reflect the heat transfer from the sun and emit thermal energy. It, therefore, allows a TES‐in‐the‐air to maintain its temperature below the melting point of gallium (29.8 ℃) under hot weather with strong sun exposure, thus preventing unwanted softening of the device. Comprehensive studies on optical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of radiative‐cooler‐integrated TES, along with a proof‐of‐concept demonstration in the hot outdoors verify the reliability of this design approach, suggesting the possibility of expanding the use of TES in various environments.
Wastewater‐recycled struvite as a phosphorus source in a wheat–soybean double‐crop production system in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Omidire Niyi S. , Brye Kristofor R.
Published: June 2022

Fertilizer‐phosphorus (P) sources are mainly derived from rock phosphate (RP), which is a finite, actively mined resource. With growing human populations globally, alternative P sources are vitally important to ensure future food security. Precipitation of the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from wastewater could be a potential alternative fertilizer‐P option from crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), compared with triple superphosphate (TSP) and an unamended control (UC) treatment, and irrigation (irrigated and non‐irrigated/dryland) on above‐ (dry matter, yield, and tissue‐N, ‐P, and ‐Mg concentrations and uptake) and belowground (root tissue N, P, and Mg concentrations) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response in a wheat–soybean, double‐crop production system on a silt‐loam soil (Aquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soybean aboveground and wheat belowground Mg concentrations were 1.1 and 1.2 times, respectively, greater (p < .05) from CPST than from TSP, while soybean belowground Mg and wheat stem P concentrations were similar between CPST and TSP. Wheat stem Mg and belowground N concentrations were 1.1 times greater (p < .05) from TSP than from CPST. Soybean seed P and Mg concentrations were 1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively, greater (p < .05) under irrigated than under dryland management. Results substantiate the use of CPST as a potential alternative fertilizer‐P and ‐Mg source on a silt‐loam soil for crop production. Using wastewater‐recovered nutrients in a production‐scale setting may offset the need for energy‐intensive commercial fertilizers to supply essential plant nutrients.
A geospatial approach to identifying biophysically suitable areas for fruit and vegetable production in the United States
Authors: McCarthy Ashley C. , Srinivasan Sumeeta , Griffin Timothy , Peters Christian J.
Published: June 2022

In the United States, the production of many fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) is concentrated in a few key regions of the country, and it may not be possible to maintain or increase output from these areas due to natural resource constraints and climate change. Rather, developing new and more geographically diverse production systems may be necessary to meet food needs and adapt to changing conditions. However, there is currently a limited understanding of the availability and location of suitable land where future production could occur. In this project, we developed geospatial models to identify and quantify land suitable for producing F&V crops across the contiguous United States based on biophysical constraints. Suitability was based on key criteria related to land cover and use, topography, soil properties, and climate. We found tremendous potential to expand F&V production at the national level, identifying 333 million hectares of suitable land, 47% of which is currently used for agriculture. Suitable land to produce most F&Vs exists across the United States, indicating that there is significant potential to geographically diversify production in the future, though tropical and sub‐tropical fruits are restricted to the southern areas of the country. These results provide a starting point for identifying opportunities to expand F&V production, reduce geographic concentration, and establish new supply chains.
Differential analysis of negative geotaxis climbing trajectories in Drosophila under different conditions
Authors: Zhong Lichao , Yang Zhizhang , Tang Hao , Xu Yifan , Liu Xingyou , Shen Jie
Published: June 2022

The decline of Drosophila climbing behavior is one of the common phenomena of Drosophila aging. The so‐called negative geotaxis refers to the natural upward climbing behavior of Drosophila melanogaster after it oscillates to the bottom of the test tube. The strength of climbing ability is regarded as the index of aging change of D. melanogaster. At present, many laboratories use the percentage of 10 fruit flies climbing a specific height in 5 s as a general indicator of the climbing ability of fruit flies. This group research index ignores the climbing performance of a single fruit fly, and the climbing height belongs to the concept of vertical distance in physics, which cannot truly and effectively reflect the concept of curve distance in the actual climbing process of fruit flies. Therefore, based on the image processing algorithm, we added an experimental method to draw the climbing trajectory of a single fruit fly. By comparing the differences in climbing behavior of fruit flies under different sex, group or single, oscillation condition or rotation inversion condition, we can find that the K‐Nearest Neighbor target detection algorithm has good applicability in fruit fly climbing experiment, and the climbing ability of fruit flies decreases with age. Under the same experimental conditions, the climbing ability of female fruit flies was greater than that of male fruit flies. The climbing track length of a single fruit fly can better reflect the climbing process of a fruit fly.
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Uptake and Risk of Flares Among Older Adults With Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in the US
Authors: Leung Jessica , Anderson Tara C. , Dooling Kathleen , Xie Fenglong , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Persons with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are at an increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). In 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended a highly efficacious vaccine, recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV), for prevention of HZ in immunocompetent patients ≥50 years of age. This study was undertaken to estimate RZV vaccination among adults ages ≥50 years with IMIDs during 2018–2019 and to examine possible vaccine‐related flares following RZV.

Methods

We identified a cohort of IMID patients using medical claims data from the IBM MarketScan (ages 50–64 years) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare (ages ≥65 years) databases. Presumed flares were defined as hospitalization/emergency department visit for their respective IMIDs, or steroid treatment with a short‐acting oral glucocorticoid or parenteral glucocorticoid injection. We conducted a self‐controlled case series (SCCS) analysis to examine a temporal association between RZV and flares.

Results

Among enrollees with IMIDs, 14.8% of 55,654 MarketScan enrollees and 43.2% of 160,545 Medicare enrollees received ≥1 dose of RZV in 2018–2019. Two‐dose series completion rates were 76.6% in MarketScan enrollees and 85.4% in Medicare enrollees. In the SCCS analysis, 10% and 13% developed flares in the control window, compared to 9% and 11–12% in the risk window following 1 or 2 doses of RZV among MarketScan and Medicare enrollees, respectively. We found no statistically significant increase in flares following RZV administration for any IMID in either age group following RZV dose 1 or dose 2.

Conclusion

We did not find an increase in presumed flares following RZV vaccination. Among adults ages ≥50 years with IMIDs, a substantial proportion received RZV compared to general zoster coverage estimates, and series completion rates were high.
Using data citation to define a knowledge domain: A case study of the Add‐Health dataset
Authors: Fan Wei‐Min , Jeng Wei , Tang Muh‐Chyun
Published: June 2022

To date, most studies in scientometric map and track the main topics in a knowledge domain by measuring publications in core journals or keyword searches in databases. The present study instead proposes a novel metrics in which a knowledge domain is mapped and tracked via articles that cite the same openly accessible dataset. We retrieved 1,537 journal articles citing the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add‐Health) as the basis for an investigation of the major research topics associated with this dataset and how they evolved over time. To identify the primary research interests associated with the dataset, co‐word network modularity analysis was used. Another novel aspect of this study is that it juxtaposes the research topics identified by the co‐word approach with those generated by topic modeling: an approach that complements network modularity analysis, and allows for cross‐referencing between the results of these two methods. Keyness analysis was also performed to identify significant keywords in different time periods, which enables tracing of research interests in Add‐Health as they evolve. The methodological implications of using data citation as the basis for delineating a knowledge domain and techniques for its mapping are also discussed.
Design of Fluorinated Probes for Versatile Surface Functionalization and 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yang Xi , Ning Jinchuang , Zhao Yingying , Xu Suying , Wang Leyu
Published: June 2022

The development of multifunctional nanoplatforms for bioimaging and therapy has attracted extensive attention in recent decades. As an emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, 19F MRI effectively complements the limit of 1H MRI owing to trace amount of 19F atoms existing in the human body, affording high specificity. In this work, a novel molecule (CFO) containing hydrophilic fluorine fragments was synthesized using amino acids as starting materials, which could self‐assemble into small nanoprobes via hydrophobic interactions of oleic acid moiety. The as‐prepared nanoprobes displayed good relaxation performances thanks to the carboxylate group and sulfoxide group nearby. The nanoprobes successfully demonstrated its capacity for in‐vivo 19F MRI. In addition, CFO could be used as a general fluorine labeling agent for surface functionalization of nanoparticles, which provided a universal method for constructing water‐soluble multifunctional nanoplatforms.
Survival trends of patients with non‐metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in the US and European countries: the impact of decreasing resection rates
Authors: Huang Lei , Jansen Lina , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , Ruurda Jelle P. , Van Eycken Liesbet , De Schutter Harlinde , Johansson Jan , Lindblad Mats , Johannesen Tom B. , Zadnik Vesna , Žagar Tina , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Schrotz‐King Petra , Brenner Hermann
Published: June 2022

Background

We previously observed decreasing resection rates of non‐metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (GaC) in the US and some European countries. If and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival (OS) of patients with non‐metastatic GaC at the population level remain unclear. This large international population‐based cohort study aimed to assess the impact of the previously observed decreasing resection rates on multivariable‐adjusted trends in the long‐term OS of patients with non‐metastatic GaC.

Methods

Individual‐level data of patients with non‐metastatic GaC were obtained from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, and Slovenia, and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed data for each country separately. Associations between year of diagnosis and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for multiple prognostic variables, with and without including resection and chemotherapy as potential explanatory variables.

Results

A total of 66,398 non‐metastatic GaC patients diagnosed in 2003‐2016 were analyzed, with an accumulated follow‐up of 172,357 person‐years. Without adjustment for resection, OS was improved only slightly in the US [hazard ratio (HR)per year = 0.99; HR≥ vs. <2010 = 0.96], and no improvement was observed in the investigated European countries, with OS even worsening in Sweden (HRper year = 1.03; HR≥ vs. <2010 = 1.17). After adjusting for resection, the increasing OS trend became stronger in the US (HRper year = 0.98; HR≥ vs. <2010 = 0.88), and the temporal trend became insignificant in Sweden. In Slovenia (HRper year = 0.99; HR≥ vs. <2010 = 0.92) and Norway (HRper year = 0.97; HR≥ vs. <2010 = 0.86), improved OS over time emerged after resection adjustment. Improved OS in patients undergoing resection was observed in the US, the Netherlands, and Norway. Adjustment for chemotherapy did not alter the observed associations. Stratified analyses by tumor location showed mostly similar results with the findings in all patients with non‐metastatic GaCs regarding the associations between year of diagnosis and survival.

Conclusions

OS of patients with non‐metastatic GaC mostly did not improve in selected European countries and was even worsened in Sweden, while it was slightly increased in the US in the early 21st century. Progress in OS of patients with non‐metastatic GaC seems to have been impeded to a large extent by decreasing rates of resection.
Oxaspiro Indiculides from Old Woman Octopus Cistopus indicus as Dual Inhibitors of Inducible Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase
Authors: Kunnappilly Paulose Silpa , Chakraborty Kajal
Published: June 2022

The organic extract of the old woman octopus Cistopus indicus (Octopodidae), ubiquitous in the Central and South Indo‐Pacific to the tropical Indian Ocean, was chromatographically fractionated over a reverse‐phase adsorbent to yield two oxygenated spiro heterocyclic compounds, named indiculides A and B. Their structures were elucidated by using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The radical scavenging potential displayed by indiculide A (IC50 ∼1.2 mM) besides attenuating the cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX‐1/COX‐2; IC50 3.36/3.02 μM) showed considerably superior activities when equated to those showed by indiculide B (IC50 3.45/3.22 μM). The inhibition property of indiculide A against 5‐LOX (IC50 2.57 μM) was significantly greater than that of the standard 5‐LOX inhibitor zileuton (IC50 3.70 μM, p<0.05). A greater selectivity index (anti‐COX‐1/anti‐COX‐2, 1.11) was perceived for indiculide A than that demonstrated by indiculide B (1.07) and anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac (0.96). Structure bio‐activity relation study of indiculide A disclosed proportionality to the electronic properties besides permissible hydrophobicity‐lipophilicity equilibrium, which could result in its efficient interface with the active site of inflammatory enzyme causing promising anti‐inflammatory potential. Larger hydrogen bond networks of indiculide A on account of the more electronic‐rich centers in conjunction with reduced docking factors reinforced its noteworthy attenuation potential against 5‐LOX. The in vitro bioactivity assessment and in silico docking results were further validated by the superior drug‐like characteristics of indiculide A (drug‐likeness score, 0.21) than B analog, and therefore, the former metabolite could be a potential anti‐inflammatory lead.
Comparative evaluation of the nutritional value of faba bean flours and protein isolates with major legumes in the market
Authors: Shi Dai , House James D. , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

The plant protein market has been growing at an unprecedented rate. To evaluate the utilization potential of Canadian faba beans, the nutritional value of flours and protein isolates of cultivars Fabelle, Malik, and Snowbird were compared to yellow pea (CDC Amarillo) and soy (AAC 26‐15), the two major players in the legume protein market.

Findings

Faba bean was largely comparable to pea and soy for total phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and phytic acid (PA) contents, less concentrated with the raffinose family oligosaccharides, and contained additional vicine and convicine (V‐C) at varying levels. However, it was more limiting in methionine and cysteine and had lower protein quality, particularly in the isolates (in vitro protein digestibility corrected amino acid score, or IV‐PDCAAS < 50%). Among cultivars, Fabelle was the lowest and highest in V‐C and PA, respectively, and Snowbird showed the lowest protein quality.

Conclusions

Faba bean flours showed higher protein quality values than the isolates, possibly due to the loss of albumins during the extraction process. Future research should focus on the modification of wet fractionation methods to minimize the loss of sulfur‐rich amino acids.

Significance and Novelty

The findings show a clear picture of how recent faba bean cultivars grown in Canada compared nutritionally to each other and pea and soy, providing insights on ingredient selection and processing.
Mesoporous Silica Supported Highly Dispersed GaN Catalysts Synthesized by Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Wangle , Li Jianguo , Hui Longfei , Gong Ting , Qin Lijun , Lu Jian , Feng Hao
Published: June 2022

As a typical wide band gap semiconductor material, gallium nitride (GaN) has found extensive applications in electronic related fields. This material could also make a promising catalyst. However, due to the difficulty of synthesizing high surface area GaN, its applications in catalysis have been greatly constrained. In this work, we report a novel method of synthesizing high surface area GaN catalysts supported on mesoporous silica (MCM‐41) using thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD). Trimethyl gallium and ammonia were alternately dosed in the temperature range between 400–500 °C to generate nanoparticles of GaN on the support. Formation of highly dispersed GaN nanoparticles was confirmed and their structural and physiochemical properties were investigated. Structural characterization results reveal that amorphous GaN could be deposited on MCM‐41 at 400 °C while crystalline GaN could only be formed at temperatures≥500 °C and with multiple cycles of ALD. In propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction the ALD GaN/MCM‐41 catalysts demonstrated excellent activity and selectivity. The specific activity of amorphous GaN turned out to be better than crystalline GaN, probably due to the larger fraction of active species exposed on the surface. Density function theory calculation was used to analyze the catalytic process and mechanism of PDH on supported GaN. It was revealed that GaN was active in the cleavage of C−H bond in propane. Amorphous GaN facilitates the adsorption of propane, which could also contribute to the enhanced activity of amorphous GaN.
Enhanced Effect of the Mesoporous Carbon on Iron Carbide Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate to Ethanol
Authors: Cao Meng , Huang Huijiang , Zheng Yuntao , Zhang Qiaochu , Wang Shengping , Ge Rile , Wang Junhu , Zhao Yujun , Ma Xinbin
Published: June 2022

Due to the low activity of bulk Fe5C2 catalyst in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol, a supported Fe5C2 catalyst was designed and prepared with mesoporous carbon as the carrier. For a comparison, two iron carbide catalysts supported on activated carbon and microporous carbon were also prepared. Based on the characterization results of IR, XRD, H2‐TPR, CO‐TPD, XPS and MES, the oxygen‐containing functional groups (especially COOH group) on the surface of the carbon supports inhibit the formation of iron carbides, which are regarded as the active sites and play the key role in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol. However, the mesoporous carbon exhibits a more positive effect on the dispersion of iron particles than the other two carbon supports. As a result, the as‐prepared mesoporous catalyst presents an excellent activity (the ethanol yield of 85.8 %) and stability in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate. This work suggests a practical strategy in fabricating a supported iron carbides catalyst for the chemosynthesis of ethanol via DMO hydrogenation from syngas.
Cognitive deficiency, parental relationship, and coping strategies are related with anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy
Authors: Ren Zhengjia , Yang Chunsong , Yu Dan
Published: June 2022

Background

The diagnosis of epilepsy in a child often and understandably causes psychological adjustment difficulties in the parents. To help parents of children with epilepsy cope with stress, it is important to understand how parents cope with the sickness of their child. The objective of this study was to assess factors related to the state of anxiety and depression among parents of children with epilepsy.

Methods

The present study was a cross‐sectional study, and the data were collected through an anonymous, Internet‐based survey platform between October 2018 and October 2019 from 250 participants aged 22–65 years. Participants were invited to fill questionnaires include socioeconomic questionnaire, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies scale.

Result

Among the parents of children with epilepsy, 48.8% (122/250) had depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9] score >4) and 46.4% (116/250) had anxiety symptoms (7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD‐7] score >5). Depression among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.392, 95% CI = 0.182–0.846), a poor parental relationship (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.130–0.614), positive coping (OR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.903–0.992), and negative coping (OR = 1.287, 95% CI = 1.179–1.405). Anxiety among parents of children with epilepsy was significantly associated with a poor parental relationship (OR = 0.416, 95% CI = 0.207–0.835) and negative coping (OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.087–1.228).

Conclusions

The present study indicates the importance of couple support and providing effective coping to make parents of children with epilepsy more resilient in the presence of negative life events, especially for parents of children with comorbidity with cognitive deficiency.
Acute necrotic disorder of the small intestine post‐coronavirus disease‐2019 vaccination
Authors: Nishimura Tomoyuki , Onogawa Seiji , Yamamoto Takuya , Okuda Yasuhiro , Ikeda Morito , Matsumoto Nozomu , Kurihara Keisuke , Shimizu Akinori , Kitamura Shosuke , Katamura Yoshio , Hirano Naomichi , Itamoto Shingo , Nakahara Masahiro , Yonehara Shuji , Shimamoto Fumio , Hanada Keiji
Published: June 2022

The Pfizer‐BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine is extensively used worldwide, and its safety has been proven. Herein, we report a case of an acute necrotic disorder in the small intestine post‐COVID‐19 vaccination. The patient developed severe abdominal pain the day after the first vaccination. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed extensive ileum wall thickening and ascites. Colonoscopy revealed a ring‐shaped ulcer and stricture in the terminal ileum. Ileocecal resection was performed, and the patient did not have further episodes of a necrotic disorder in the small intestine. Although it is unknown if this event is associated with vaccination, and this occurrence also does not outweigh the efficacy and safety of the Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine, gastroenterologists need to be aware of this rare case, given its noteworthy timing.
Seasonal and spatial variability of zooplankton diversity in the Poyang Lake Basin using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Qiu Xuemei , Liu Xiongjun , Lu Quanfeng , Chen Jinping , Liang Tao , Wang Weikai , Ouyang Shan , Zhou Chunhua , Wu Xiaoping
Published: June 2022

Freshwater ecosystems face multiple threats to their stability globally. Poyang Lake is the largest lake in China, but its habitat has been seriously degraded because of human activities and natural factors (e.g. climate change), resulting in a decline in freshwater biodiversity. Zooplankton are useful indicators of environmental stressors because they are sensitive to external perturbations. DNA metabarcoding is an approach that has gained significant traction by aiding ecosystem conservation and management. Here, the seasonal and spatial variability in the zooplankton diversity were analyzed in the Poyang Lake Basin using DNA metabarcoding. The results showed that the community structure of zooplankton exhibited significant seasonal and spatial variability using DNA metabarcoding, where the community structure was correlated with turbidity, water temperature, pH, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. These results indicated habitat variations affected by human activities and seasonal change could be the main driving factors for the variations of zooplankton community. This study also provides an important reference for the management of aquatic ecosystem health and conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
Liquid Metal‐Based Self‐Healable and Elastic Conductive Fiber in Complex Operating Conditions
Authors: Zhou Yin , Zhu Yingying , Hu Zuan , Yang Xiaoying , Yang Pengkun , Huang Lu , Wu Yingpeng
Published: June 2022

Flexible conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics and smart electronic textiles. However, in complex operating conditions, conductive fibers will inevitably fracture or damage. Herein, we have developed an elastic conductive self‐healable fiber (C‐SHF), of which the electrical and mechanical properties can efficiently heal in a wide operating range, including room temperature, underwater, and low temperature. This advantage can be owed to the combination of reversible covalent imine bond and disulfide bond, as well as the instantaneous self‐healing ability of liquid metal. The C‐SHF, with stretchability, conductivity stability, and universal self‐healing properties, can be used as an electrical signal transmission line at high strain and under different operating conditions. Besides, C‐SHF was assembled into a double‐layer capacitor structure to construct a self‐healable sensor, which can effectively respond to pressure as a wearable motion detector.
Asymmetric N, O‐Coordinated Single Atomic Co Sites for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Yifan , Fang Daliang , Li Xue Liang , Yan Dong , Xi Shibo , Li Tian Chen , Lin Congjian , Huang Shaozhuan , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui , Yang Hui Ying
Published: June 2022

Lithium metal has been considered one of the most promising anodes for next‐generation rechargeable batteries, but its practical application is largely hindered by the uncontrollable dendrite growth and infinite volume change. Here, inspired by superior catalytic effects of single‐atom catalysts, carbon‐supported single atomic Co with asymmetric N, O‐coordination (Co‐N/O) is developed for Li metal battery. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that single atomic Co atoms with asymmetric N, O‐coordination present enhanced binding ability toward Li in comparison with N‐coordinated atomic Co site and isolated O site, enabling uniform Li plating/stripping. Moreover, the asymmetric N, O‐coordination around Co atoms induces co‐activation effects, lowering the energy barriers toward Li+ to Li0 conversion and largely promoting the deposition kinetics. When used as a Li deposition host, the Co‐N/O achieves a high average coulombic efficiency of 98.6% at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 2 mAh cm−2, long cycling life of 2000 h in symmetrical cells, and excellent rate performance (voltage hysteresis of 23 mV at 8 mA cm−2). This work provides a comprehensive understanding of single atomic metals with asymmetric heteroatom coordination in the design of Li metal anode.
Visible Light‐Mediated Metal‐Free Chlorodifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes by a Hypervalent Iodine EDA Complex
Authors: Lin Daniel , Krishnamurti Vinayak , Prakash G. K. Surya
Published: June 2022

A novel EDA complex comprised of a bis(chlorodifluoroacetoxy)iodoarene and 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene is described, which enables the direct radical C(sp2)−H chlorodifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes under monochromatic visible‐light irradiation. The procedure is mild, operationally simple, and utilizes commercially available reagents. The developed conditions demonstrate compatibility with a host of commonly encountered functionalities and biologically relevant scaffolds, whilst showcasing the post‐functionalization capabilities of the −CF2Cl moiety. Various mechanistic studies were performed to explore the EDA complex and radical generation pathway.
Acute Oral Toxicity of Nonfluorinated Fire-Fighting Foams to Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)
Authors: Hossain Farzana , Dennis Nicole M. , Subbiah Seenivasan , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Guelfo Jennifer L. , Suski Jamie , Anderson Todd A.
Published: June 2022

Long-chain per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been the active ingredients in firefighting foams for more than 50 years. Due to their extreme persistence, regulatory agencies are concerned about their potential adverse environmental and health impacts. Recently, nonfluorinated chemical constituents have been proposed for use in fire-fighting foams in an effort to reduce the potential negative impacts of PFAS on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. However, it is important to also determine the potential ecotoxicity of these nonfluorinated foam products, because we have little toxicological information for many of them. In preparation for a chronic study, we conducted an acute (24-h) oral toxicity test in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) using six different fluorine-free foams; five were commercial foams (BioEx ECOPOL A, Fomtec Enviro USP, National Foam Avio Green KHC, National Foam NFD 20-391, and Solberg Re-Healing Foam), and one was an experimental foam (NRL 502W). A short-chain PFAS-based foam (Buckeye Platinum Plus C6) was also evaluated for comparative purposes. Groups of five birds were initially pseudogavaged with a volume of each product corresponding to a “limit” (the highest exposure concentration expected to occur environmentally). Only one bird (1 of 35) died during the limit test, indicating that all seven products have an acute median lethal dose in adult quail at or above the limit (~1500 mg/kg body wt). Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2003–2007. © 2022 SETAC
Outage probability minimization based power control and channel allocation in underlay D2D‐NOMA for IoT networks
Authors: Jose Justin , Agarwal Anirudh , Bhatia Vimal , Krejcar Ondrej
Published: June 2022

The emergence of Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) aims to improve modern life by inter‐connecting many smart devices, technologies, and applications. It, however, drastically increases mobile traffic and requires large wireless spectrum. Therefore, for a better spectrum utilization to support this massive connectivity along with low latency and close proximity based communication, non‐orthogonal multiple access enabled underlay device‐to‐device (D2D‐NOMA) is envisioned as a key technology for IoT deployment. Hence, in this work, we consider multiple IoT clusters communicating via underlay D2D‐NOMA in an uplink cellular network, with the objective of minimizing the outage probability (OP) while allocating resources to the clusters. Specifically, for each cluster, we formulate the optimization problem of OP‐based power control with fixed channel allocation (PCCA) and solve it using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Additionally, we prove the convexity of PCCA problem and obtain closed‐form expressions at high SNR. Further, we propose a novel OP‐aware channel allocation (OPCA) algorithm to enhance the overall D2D network outage performance. The results are numerically validated and an average performance improvement of 31% and 51% is observed over the two conventional schemes namely fixed power allocation and orthogonal multiple access enabled D2D, respectively.
Default Mode Network quantitative diffusion and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Paoletti Matteo , Caverzasi Eduardo , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Brown Jesse A. , Henry Roland G. , Miller Bruce L. , Rosen Howard J. , DeArmond Stephen J. , Bastianello Stefano , Seeley William W. , Geschwind Michael D.
Published: June 2022

Grey matter involvement is a well‐known feature in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD), yet precise anatomy‐based quantification of reduced diffusivity is still not fully understood. Default Mode Network (DMN) areas have been recently demonstrated as selectively involved in sCJD, and functional connectivity has never been investigated in prion diseases. We analyzed the grey matter involvement using a quantitatively multi‐parametric MRI approach. Specifically, grey matter mean diffusivity of 37 subjects with sCJD was compared with that of 30 age‐matched healthy controls with a group‐wise approach. Differences in mean diffusivity were also examined between the cortical (MM(V)1, MM(V)2C, and VV1) and subcortical (VV2 and MV2K) subgroups of sCJD for those with autopsy data available (n = 27, 73%). We also assessed resting‐state functional connectivity of both ventral and dorsal components of DMN in a subset of subject with a rs‐fMRI dataset available (n = 17). Decreased diffusivity was predominantly present in posterior cortical regions of the DMN, but also outside of the DMN in temporal areas and in a few limbic and frontal areas, in addition to extensive deep nuclei involvement. Both subcortical and cortical sCJD subgroups showed decreased diffusivity subcortically, whereas only the cortical type expressed significantly decreased diffusivity cortically, mainly in parietal, occipital, and medial‐inferior temporal cortices bilaterally. Interestingly, we found abnormally increased connectivity in both dorsal and ventral components of the DMN in sCJD subjects compared with healthy controls. The significance and possible utility of functional imaging as a biomarker for tracking disease progression in prion disease needs to be explored further.
The effect of learning management system on ICU nurses' sustained learning about safe blood transfusion: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Falaki Mojgan , Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Razban Farideh , Najafipour Mohammad A. , Asadi Neda
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims

Transfusion of blood products is an important part of the health care system. Since one of the significant challenges in nursing education is using an effective method that provides depth and stability of learning, this study aimed to assess using a learning management system (LMS) for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' sustained learning about safe blood transfusion in southeast Iran.

Methods

This was a quasi‐experimental study in southeast of Iran in 2021 in two groups, control and intervention. Two ICUs received lecture training and two ICUs received LMS. The samples 80 nurses were selected by random convenience sampling. In the LMS group, the educational content was presented using Edmodo software. The control group received no intervention except for traditional education (lecture). The questionnaires were completed immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention.

Results

The mean score of knowledge immediately, 1 month and 3 months after the intervention were 9.53 ± 1.82, 9.46 ± 1.85, and 8 ± 2.94, in the lecture group and 8.91 ± 1.59, 9.47 ± 2.46, and 8.09 ± 1.94 in the LMS group, respectively. The mean score of practice immediately, 1 and 3 months after the intervention were 59.69 ± 39.6, 70.63 ± 7.4, and 83.70 ± 43.6 in the lecture group and 45.68 ± 55.5, 67.69 ± 4.56, and 35.70 ± 46.4 in the LMS group, respectively. The mean score of knowledge and practice in the two groups significantly increased immediately and 1 month and 3 months after intervention (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

LMS method has a significant effect on improving the sustained learning of ICU nurses, and no significant difference was observed between the two educational methods. Hence, considering the busy work schedule of nurses, lack of staff, and the impossibility of physical attendance in lecture classes, it seems that LMS‐based methods are appropriate alternatives to traditional learning methods.
Characterization of fluid flow and heat transfer of a periodic magnetohydrodynamics nano non‐Newtonian liquid with Arrhenius activation energy and nonlinear radiation
Authors: Reza‐E‐Rabbi Sk. , Ahmmed Sarder Firoz , Islam Saiful , Arifuzzaman S. M. , Rana B. M. J. , Ali Md. Yousuf , Al‐Mamun Abdullah , Khan Md. Shakhaoath
Published: June 2022

The focus of this study is to better understand the boundary layer phenomena of nonlinear radiative nano non‐Newtonian (Casson) fluid flow caused by a stretched periphery with a periodic magnetic field and Arrhenius activation energy. The time‐based controlling equations are translated into a suitable dimensionless form using the explicit finite difference (EFD) approach. However, to make the solution convergent, detailed stability and convergence criteria have been devised. In addition, the oscillatory form of velocity, isothermal, and streamline profiles, as well as the conventional shape of other flow fields are displayed. Using tabular analysis, a correlation between non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluids has even been demonstrated. When the radiative heat flux is evaluated in a linear pattern rather than a nonlinear one, the Lorentz force has been demonstrated to diminish the flow profiles convincingly. Also, another finding is that when the magnetic factor is considered in the sinusoidal form it is controlling the heat transfer factors of nanofluid substantially. As a chemical reaction requires a high‐temperature mechanism to proceed, the scientific principles of activation energy are evaluated in the inclusion of thermal radiation of nonlinear patterns, and the mass transmission is severely influenced. However, in the presence of nonlinear radiation, the Brownian motion of the Casson fluid particles, as well as the thermophoresis phenomena has effectively elevated the temperature field rather than the linear one. The current study has implications for prostate cancer treatment. Nanoparticles have been used to treat cancer, and magnetic fields have been used to regulate the drug emission of the particles.
Skin cancer risk factors among Black South Africans—The Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995–2016
Authors: Ndlovu Babongile C. , Sengayi‐Muchengeti Mazvita , Wright Caradee Y. , Chen Wenlong C. , Kuonza Lazarus , Singh Elvira
Published: June 2022

Background

The Black population has lower skin cancer incidence compared to White, Indian/Asian, and Mixed‐race populations in South Africa; however, skin cancer still exists in the Black population. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with skin cancer among Black South Africans.

Materials and Methods

A case‐control study was conducted. Cases were patients with keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and/or melanoma skin cancers (MSCs) and controls were cardiovascular patients. Sociodemographic exposures, environmental health variables, smoking, and HIV status were assessed. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with KCs and MSCs.

Results

The KCs histological subtypes showed that there were more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (78/160 in females, and 72/160 in males) than basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The SCC lesions were mostly found on the skin of the head and neck in males (51%, 38/72) and on the trunk in females (46%, 36/78). MSC was shown to affect the skin of the lower limbs in both males (68%, 27/40) and females (59%, 36/61). Using females as a reference group, when age, current place of residency, type of cooking fuel used, smoking, and HIV status were adjusted for, males had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for developing KCs (confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–3.84, p = .028). Similarly, when age, current place of residency, and place of cooking (indoors or outdoors) were adjusted for, males had an OR of 2.26 for developing MSC (CI: 1.19–4.29, p = .012).

Conclusions

Differences in the anatomical distribution of KCs by sex suggest different risk factors between sexes. There is a positive association between being male, smoking, rural dwelling, and a positive HIV status with KCs and being male and rural dwelling with MSC. The rural dwelling was a newly found association with skin cancer and warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation performance in the management of CIN3 diagnosed pregnant women
Authors: Hampl Monika , Hesselink Albertus T. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Denecke Agnieszka , Einhorn Ina , Reinecke‐Luethge Axel , Geppert Carol I. , Jentschke Matthias ,   Members of the German Study Group of Colposcopy (SGK), Petry Karl U. , Hillemanns Peter
Published: June 2022

Pregnant women diagnosed with CIN3 have high regression rates after delivery. Biomarkers are needed to only identify pregnant women with progressive CIN requiring treatment to reduce overreferral and overtreatment. In our study we evaluated the performance of the FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test for molecular triage on FFPE samples of CIN3+‐diagnosed pregnant women with known clinical course over time as well in a cross‐sectional setting. In this German multicenter retrospective study biopsy material was collected from pregnant women diagnosed with cervical cancer (n = 16), with CIN3 that progressed to cancer during pregnancy (n = 7), with CIN3 that regressed to CIN1 or less within 6 months after delivery (n = 41), without CIN (n = 16), CIN3 covering 3‐4 quadrants (n = 14) and randomly selected CIN3 (n = 41). FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation analysis was performed blinded on first diagnosis. All pregnant women with cervical cancer and with CIN3 progressing to cancer tested positive for FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation (100%, 22/22). In the regressing CIN3 group 47.5% and in the group without CIN 21.6% tested methylation positive. High‐volume CIN3 and random selected CIN3 were methylation‐positive in 91.7% and 82.1%, respectively. Methylation levels were significantly higher in progressive CIN3 and cancer compared to the controls (P < .0005). The likelihood ratio of a negative methylation test (LR−) for progressive CIN3+ was 0 (95% CI: 0‐0.208). A negative FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation test can rule out progressive CIN disease in pregnant women diagnosed with CIN3. This can help the clinician by managing these pregnant women with conservative follow‐up until after delivery.
Murburn model of vision: Precepts and proof of concept
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Bazhin Nikolai , Jaeken Laurent , Nirusimhan Vijay , Faraci Federico , Gideon Daniel A.
Published: June 2022

The classical paradigm of visual physiology comprises of the following features: (i) rod/cone cells located at the rear end of the retina serve as the primary transducers of incoming photo‐information, (ii) cis–trans retinal (C20H28O) transformations on rhodopsin act as the transduction switch to generate a transmittable signal, (iii) signal amplification occurs via GDP‐GTP exchange at transducin, and (iv) the amplified signal is relayed (as an action potential) as a flux‐based ripple of Na−K ions along the axons of neurons. Fundamental physical principles, chemical kinetics, and awareness of architecture of eye/retina prompt a questioning of these classical assumptions. In lieu, based on experimental and in silico findings, a simple space‐time resolved murburn model for the physiology of phototransduction in the retina is presented wherein molecular oxygen plays key roles. It is advocated that: (a) photo‐induced oxygen to superoxide conversion serves as the key step in signal transduction in the visual cycle, (b) all photoactive cells of the retina serve as photoreceptors and rods/cones serve as the ultimate electron source in the retina (deriving oxygen and nutrients from retinal pigmented epithelium), (c) signal amplification is through superoxide mediated phosphorylation of GDP bound to inactive transducin, thereby activating a GDP‐based cascade (a new mechanism for trimeric G‐proteins), and (d) signal relay is primarily an electron movement along the neuron, from dendritic source to synaptic sink. In particular, we specify the roles for the various modules of transducin and GDP‐based activation of phosphodiesterase‐6 in the physiology of visual transduction.
Enabling modernisation, marginalising alternatives? Kenya's agricultural policy and smallholders
Authors: Ajwang Fredrick , Arora Saurabh , Atela Joanes , Onyango Joel , Kyari Mohammad
Published: June 2022

To address intensifying social and environmental challenges, development policy must learn from inclusions and exclusions of past discourses. We analyse Kenya's post‐colonial agricultural policy discourse. Our analysis reveals a near‐exclusive focus on the promotion of agricultural modernisation based on industrial farm inputs, a bureaucratic state and/or ‘the liberalised market’. It was with this thrust to modernise that smallholders (and other farmers) were generally seen as aligning. Smallholders' agency to diverge from modernisation was thus marginalised in the policy discourse. Overall then, the promotion of diverse agroecological and other farmer‐led directions of development was largely missing from Kenya's policy landscape.