bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A UK population-based case-control study of blood tests before cancer diagnosis in patients with non-specific abdominal symptoms
Authors: Rafiq Meena , White Becky , Barclay Matthew , Abel Gary , Renzi Cristina , Lyratzopoulos Georgios
Published: January 2025

Background

Abnormal results in commonly used primary care blood tests could be early markers of cancer in patients presenting with non-specific abdominal symptoms.

Methods

Using linked data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and national cancer registry we compared blood test use and abnormal results from the 24-months pre-diagnosis in 10,575 cancer patients (any site), and 52,875 matched-controls aged ≥30 presenting, with abdominal pain or bloating to primary care.

Results

Cancer patients had two-fold increased odds of having a blood test (odds ratio(OR):1.51–2.29) and 2-3-fold increased odds of having an abnormal blood test result (OR:2.42–3.30) in the year pre-diagnosis compared to controls. Raised inflammatory markers were the most common abnormality (74–79% of tested cases). Rates of blood test use and abnormal results progressively increased from 7 months pre-diagnosis in cancer patients, with relatively small corresponding increases in symptomatic controls. In cancer patients, the largest increases from baseline were raised platelets in males with abdominal pain (increased 33-fold), raised white blood cell count in males with abdominal bloating (increased 37-fold) and low albumin in females with either symptom (increased 22–41 fold).

Conclusions

Common blood test abnormalities are early signals of cancer in some individuals with non-specific abdominal symptoms and could support expedited cancer diagnosis.
Sequential addition of cations increases photoluminescence quantum yield of metal nanoclusters near unity
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhong Yuan , Li Tingting , Wang Kunyu , Dong Weinan , Lu Min , Zhang Yu , Wu Zhennan , Tang Aiwei , Bai Xue
Published: January 2025

Photoluminescence is one of the most intriguing properties of metal nanoclusters derived from their molecular-like electronic structure, however, achieving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of metal core-dictated fluorescence remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report efficient suppression of the total structural vibrations and rotations, and management of the pathways and rates of the electron transfer dynamics to boost a near-unity absolute PLQY, by decorating progressive addition of cations. Specifically, with the sequential addition of Zn2+, Ag+, and Tb3+ into the 3-mercaptopropionic acids capped Au nanoclusters (NCs), the low-frequency vibration of the metal core progressively decreases from 144.0, 55.2 to 40.0 cm−1, and the coupling strength of electrons-high-frequency vibration related to surface motifs gradually diminishes from 40.2, 30.5 to 14.4 meV. Moreover, introducing cation additives significantly reduces electron transfer time from 40, 27 to 12 ps in the pathway from staple motifs to the metal core. This benefits from the shrinkage of the total structure that speeds up the shell-core electron transition, and in particular, the Tb3+ provides a hopping platform for the excited electrons as their intrinsic ladder-like energy level structure. As a result, it allows a remarkable enhancement in PLQY, from 51.2%, 83.4%, up to 99.5%.
From 2D kaolinite to 3D amorphous cement
Authors: Carrio Juan A. G. , Donato Ricardo K. , Carvalho Alexandra , Koon Gavin K. W. , Donato Katarzyna Z. , Yau Xin Hui , Kosiachevskyi Dmytro , Lim Karen , Ravi Vedarethinam , Joy Josny , Goh Kelda , Emiliano Jose Vitorio , Lombardi Jerome E. , Neto A. H. Castro
Published: January 2025

Kaolinite is a single 2D layer of kaolin or metakaolin (MK), common clays that can be characterized as layered 3D materials. We show that because of its chemical composition, kaolinite can be converted into an amorphous 3D material by chemical means. This dimensional transformation is possible due to the large surface to volume ratio and chemical reactivity of kaolinite. We investigate the formation and influence of quasi- or nanocrystalline phases in MK-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) that are related to the Si/Al ratio. We analyze the formation of an AAM from a MK precursor, which is a 3D bonded network that preserves the layered structure at the nanometer scale. We also exfoliate the remaining layered phase to examine the effects of the alkali-activation in the final sheet structures embedded within the amorphous network. The final material can be used as a cement with no carbon dioxide produced by the transformation reaction.
Preparation and mechanical performance of fluorite tailings geopolymer precursor under alkaline heat activation
Authors: Qiu Hao , Su Hongtao , Liu Hengyuan , Guo Zhijian , Zhang Huifang , Ma Juntao , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2025

As one of the bulk solid wastes in the Yellow River basin in China, fluorite tailings urgently need to be utilized as resources. In this paper, NaOH and Na2CO3 were used for alkali thermal activation of ground fluorite tailings under different temperature conditions, and the reactivity was analyzed by XRD, SEM and compressive strength after hydration, so as to evaluate the feasibility of fluorite tailings as geopolymer precursor. The results show that the fluorite tailings can exhibit certain reactivity under alkaline heat excitation, and significant amorphous glass phase can be detected. The better heat excitation temperature is 1000 °C, while there is not enough amorphous glass phase for hydration reaction at the lower or higher temperature. The compressive strength of the tailings harden paste can reach 7.2 MPa at 28d after excitation with 50%NaOH at 1000 °C, which is expected to be used as geopolymer precursor after excitation.
Ecofriendly spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride as co administered drugs in corona virus treatment
Authors: Madbouly Eman A. , El-Shanawani Abdalla A. , El-adl Sobhy M. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed S.
Published: January 2025

Remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride are among the most frequently co-administered drugs used for COVID-19 treatment. The current work aims to evaluate green spectrophotometric methodologies for estimating remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride in different matrices for the first time. The proposed approaches were absorbance subtraction, extended ratio subtraction and amplitude modulation methods. In order to determine the absorbance of the investigated medications in combination at the isoabsorptive point, the pure moxifloxacin hydrochloride absorbance factor is applied using the absorbance subtraction method, which modifies the zero absorption spectra of the drugs under investigation at the isoabsorptive point (229 nm). The spectrum of moxifloxacin hydrochloride is more extended in the plateau area between 340 and 400 nm, where remdesivir exhibits no absorption. So, also, the ratio spectra were successfully manipulated for quantification of the two drugs. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile of remdesivir (Cmax 4420 ng/mL) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Cmax 3.56 µg/mL), the proposed methods were effectively used to spectrophotometrically determine remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride in plasma matrix. The new approach was validated using the ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The greenness of the reported methodologies was evaluated using two metrics: the analytical eco-scale and the green analytical procedure index.
A pilot study on the effects of olfactory stimulation with white musk aromatic oil on psychophysiological activity: a crossover study
Authors: Zennifa Fadilla , Nakashima Taisuke , Xu Yanli , Koshio Saki , Tomimatsu Erika , Isa Akiko , Satake Katsuya , Kishida Fumi , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: January 2025

Studies on the compounds of aromatic oils and their effects on psychophysiological changes in humans are often conducted separately. To obtain better validation, a suitable protocol is needed that can be extrapolated to large-scale olfactory stimulation experiments. Unfortunately, this type of study is still rarely performed. In this situation, we propose a randomized crossover pilot study on olfactory stimulation with aromatic oils in relation to changes in psychophysiological activity by focusing on white musk aromatic oil due to its popularity in the community. Chemical profiling by TDU-GC-MS (thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) was performed to understand the compounds of the aromatic oils presented. To understand the changes in the participants’ impressions and mood states, POMS 2 (Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition) and VAS (Visual analogue scale) were performed in addition to physiological evaluation by using EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and salivary amylase measurements. The proposed pilot study showed “gorgeous”, “sweet”, and “like” impression toward white musk aromatic oil under VAS evaluation. Mood evaluation under POMS 2 variables such as Fatigue-Inertia (FI), Tension-anxiety (TA) and TMD (total mood disturbance) were significantly decreased under white musk aromatic oil inhalation. Under current protocol, we can also see the changes in autonomic activity and brain activity during olfactory stimulation. This pilot study could be the first step towards a larger sample size experiment on olfactory stimulation. This experiment has been registered to UMIN Clinical Trials Registry with register ID : UMIN000051972 on 24/08/2023.
Dynamics and development of interhemispheric conflict solving in pigeons
Authors: Manns Martina , Haselhuhn Kevin , Freund Nadja
Published: January 2025

The dominance of one hemisphere for cognitive operations and decision making may be an efficient mechanism solving interhemispheric conflicts. To understand the ecological significance of the so-called metacontrol, we need better knowledge of its frequency and ontogenetic foundations. Since in pigeons, embryonic light experiences influence degree and direction of interhemispheric specialization and communication, it is conceivable that light affects metacontrol mechanisms. We therefore trained pigeons (Columba livia) with and without embryonic light stimulation in a colour discrimination task. Each eye/hemisphere learnt a different set of colours. After training, hemispheric-specific information was put into conflict and the analysis of conflict decision pattern allowed the identification of hemispheric dominance under binocular and monocular viewing conditions. A majority of pigeons displayed individual metacontrol independent of embryonic light experiences though not in the first test session. Reaction times indicate that interhemispheric mechanisms are critically involved in mediating the dominance of one hemisphere. The impact of interhemispheric components rises with increasing experience and even affects decision making under monocular seeing conditions. Overall results indicate that the hemispheres do not evaluate information independently and that interhemispheric communication in the pigeon brain is much stronger than previously thought and becomes more important with increasing experience.
Results from the PROmoting Early Childhood Outside cluster randomized trial evaluating an outdoor play intervention in early childhood education centres
Authors: Ramsden Rachel , Mount Dawn , Lin Yingyi , Fox Emily , Herrington Susan , Loebach Janet , Cox Adina , Bundy Anita , Fyfe-Johnson Amber , Hansen Sandseter Ellen Beate , Stone Michelle , Tremblay Mark S. , Brussoni Mariana
Published: January 2025

Participation in outdoor play is beneficial for the health, well-being, and development of children. Early childhood education centers (ECECs) can provide equitable access to outdoor play. The PROmoting Early Childhood Outside (PRO-ECO) study is a pilot randomized trial that evaluates the PRO-ECO intervention on children’s outdoor play participation. The PRO-ECO intervention included four components: ECEC outdoor play policy; educator training; ECEC outdoor space modification; and parent engagement. This study included eight ECECs delivering licensed care to children (n = 217) aged 2.5 to 6 years in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Using a wait-list control cluster randomized trial design, ECECs were randomly allocated to either the intervention arm (n = 4) or the wait-list control arm (n = 4). Change in the proportion and diversity of observed outdoor play behaviour during scheduled outdoor time was measured. Outcome data were collected at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. The intervention effect on children’s outdoor play participation was examined using logistic regression mixed effect models. Controlling for gender, weather and temperature, there were no changes in children’s outdoor play participation following implementation of the PRO-ECO intervention in the between-group analysis. Within-group comparisons also revealed no change in play participation following the PRO-ECO intervention, however, the intervention group showed a positive effect (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.70) in play participation 6 months after implementation of the intervention. The findings indicate that further analyses on child- and ECEC-level outcomes collected as part of the PRO-ECO study, including the diversity of children’s play, is required to effectively assess the impact of this intervention.
Mitigating anthropogenic climate change with aqueous green energy
Authors: Olim Sophia T. , Nickoloff Anna , Moffat Leslie J. , Weaver Andrew J. , Eby Michael
Published: January 2025

Reaching net zero emissions and limiting global warming to 2 °C requires the widespread introduction of technology-based solutions to draw down existing atmospheric levels and future emissions of CO2. One such approach is direct air CO2 capture and storage (DACCS), a readily available, yet energy-intensive process. The combination of DACCS and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) allows for independently powered carbon capture plants to inject concentrated carbon into deep marine sediments where storage is generally safe and permanent. OTEC is a form of electricity production that exploits the temperature difference between deep and shallow ocean waters, and can power DACCS on floating platforms at a price competitive with coal-generated electricity. Here we highlight the scale of the challenge facing society. We show that a safe and sustainable level of OTEC-generated electricity powering DACCS for 70 years could result in up to a 35% decrease in the relative global mean temperature warming compared to a business-as-usual emissions scenario.
Climate proofing of public procurement: a gap to be filled
Authors: Bernardini Chiara , Máñez Costa María , Molinari Francesco
Published: January 2025

There is a lack of operable methods, criteria and tools that enable public authorities to purchase goods, services and works that contribute to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Based on our experience as coordinators of 8 public procurement procedures within an ongoing Horizon Europe project, we suggest a new approach to climate proofing of public procurement, identify urgent research developments and recommend the amendment of public procurement policies to incorporate new criteria.
Ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs based on cascade amplification strategy of RCA-PER and Cas12a
Authors: Ju Chuanjing , Li Xue , Wang Dongxia , Wei Zhifeng , Xu Qingbo , Wang Jiahong , Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Anling
Published: January 2025

Working principle of the triple amplification biosensor for miRNA detection.
Terminally fluorinated ether as a solvent for high-performance lithium metal battery electrolyte
Authors: Hizbullin Alexander A. , Kutovaya Irina V. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Cheshkov Dmitry A. , Nikitina Victoria A. , Fedotov Stanislav S. , Shmatova Olga I.
Published: January 2025

A terminally fluorinated ether, 5FDDE, was used to prepare a new LiPF6-based electrolyte enabling high-performance Li-metal batteries (Li‖NMC811 cells).
Advances in silver-based chalcogenide flexible thermoelectric materials
Authors: Deng Yimei , Wei Meng , Lei Yan , Lu Jing , Peng Ping , Zhang Yange , Zheng Zhi
Published: January 2025

Silver-based chalcogenides have intrinsic plasticity and excellent thermoelectric properties and are potential materials for flexible thermoelectrics. In this work, the properties, optimization, and application of these materials are reviewed.
A “lignin-first” biorefinery towards efficient aromatic monomer conversion from coconut shells using mild TMAH-based alkaline deep eutectic solvents
Authors: He Chenjun , Luo Fengqi , Zhu Yongzhi , Zhan Ao , Fan Jiajun , Clark James H. , Lv Jie , Yu Qiang
Published: January 2025

A schematic diagram of the “lignin-first” dissolution and conversion from lignocellulosic biomass.
Strategic design of vacancies and phase in flexible MoS2 for boosting triiodide reduction performance
Authors: Cai Xu , Wang Xuan , Sun Bixue , Yang Chenzhao , Chen Mingzhu , Lu Shuang , Wang Yinglin , Zhang Xintong
Published: January 2025

The Mo vacancies were introduced into the flexible MoS2 film by H2O2 etching. The synergistic effect increases the number of active sites and improves electron transfer, thus facilitating the triiodide reduction reaction.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging-guided photodynamic therapy over two-photon responsive metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Bo , Lu Xin , Sun Xianshun , Zhou Hongping , Tian Yupeng , Hai Zijuan , Li Dandan
Published: January 2025

This work constructed a versatile platform labeled as ZTBH using a post-ligand modification approach, thereby enabling two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.
Fabrication of CoSe2/FeSe2 heterostructures with a stable solid-electrode interphase film and low surface activation energy for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Zhiya , Wu Zhilong , Yu Maoxin , Jia Hai , Zhou Kaiqiang , Huang Xiaohui , Ying Shaoming
Published: January 2025

The abundant availability and potential cost benefits of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have generated increasing interest as viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Optimized trimetallic selenide heterostructures as high-performance trifunctional electrodes for self-sustained hydrogen production
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Koroma Malcolm , Jiang Shu , Mathi Selvam , Tu Meilian , Khanam Zeba , Hu Yu-Wen , Deng Jianqiu , Balogun M.-Sadeeq
Published: January 2025

One pot annealing is employed to synthesize N-doped trimetallic selenides. The trisellenide that consist of Ni3Se2, Co0.85Se, and MoSe2 is used as higher performance trifunctional electrode material for supercapacitor, hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
Optimization of the CoFe2O4 electronic structure using reticulated expanded graphite to accelerate non-radical activation of peroxymonosulfate for efficient antibiotic degradation in wastewater
Authors: Zhao Qi , Li Weiguang , Lv Longyi , Jiang Shangfeng , Zhang Jingyi , Bai Caihua , Wang Xuhui
Published: January 2025

To tackle the persistent challenge of antibiotic pollutants in wastewater, an expanded graphite-supported CoFe2O4 catalyst (CoFe2O4-EG) was synthesized via microwave expansion and co-precipitation methods.
Longitudinal velocity control of autonomous driving based on extended state observer
Authors: Gao Hongbo , Yang Hanqing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ren Xiangyun , Liang Fenghua , Yan Ruidong , Liu Qingchao , Hu Mingmao , Zhang Fang , Gao Jiabing , Bao Siyu , Li Keqiang , Li Deyi , Wang Danwei
Published: January 2025

Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities, making it well‐suited for longitudinal velocity control. However, the conventional Extended State Observer (ESO) in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first‐order and higher‐order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously, thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC. To address this limitation, an enhanced car‐following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed, which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller. In comparison to the conventional ESO, the enhanced version effectively utilises multi‐order estimation and tracking errors. Specifically, it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher‐order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback. The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.
The digital twin of complex shipboard DC microgrids: The high‐performing synergy of compiled models and HIL platform in the dynamics emulation of zonal power electronic power distribution systems
Authors: Tavagnutti Andrea Alessia , Vicenzutti Andrea , Chiandone Massimiliano , Bosich Daniele , Sulligoi Giorgio
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, resilience is a crucial attribute to be pursued in advanced shipboard DC microgrids. When the power distribution is zonal, the presence of autonomous‐controlled converters guarantees both power use and resiliency improvement. The adoption of bidirectional controlled devices ensures power routing among generating units, storage, and loads. Moreover, zonal electrical distribution systems are effective in applying the optimization algorithms for green, safe, and high‐performing ship operation. In zonal DC microgrids, real‐time cooperation among controlled converters through properly set communication protocols enables the ship mission achievement. To this aim, functional tests are to be done on such complex power infrastructure. The digital twin approach provides the de‐risking step before the onboard deployment for controlled systems and communication. A zonal DC shipboard microgrid is the case study to test the synergy between compiled models and power converters on two hardware in the loop platforms, then verified by experiment in this paper. The first platform exploits the Linux real time application interface on the average value models of converters. This solution is then compared with a platform that utilizes the Typhoon hardware in the loop environment, proposing a combination of average value models and detailed switching models for the real‐time emulation of controlled grid.
An optimal control for dual active bridge converter in battery charging applications
Authors: Wang Junrui , Qiao Xuanjing , Li Linhui , Li Ruiqi
Published: January 2025

Dual active bridge (DAB) converter is an ideal bidirectional DC/DC converter and serves as a core device for enabling bidirectional energy transfer in power router systems and energy storage units. In order to reduce power losses and battery damage during the charging process, a minimum current stress control scheme satisfying soft switching conditions is proposed. Additionally, a three‐stage charging of the battery is achieved based on voltage and current dual‐loop control. This article analyzes the working principles of the DAB converter using triple‐phase‐shift (TPS) modulation. By examining the switching modes and waveforms of the DAB converter under TPS modulation, the condition for achieving soft switching is determined. Furthermore, a combination of the Lagrange multiplier method (LMM) and the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker (KKT) algorithm is employed to ensure that the DAB converter operates under both soft switching and minimum current stress conditions. This approach simultaneously reduces both switching and conduction losses, thereby enhancing the charging efficiency of the battery. Finally, an experimental platform is established for validation, and the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.
Entanglement swapping using hyperentangled pairs of two‐level neutral atoms
Authors: Hasan Syed Sajal , Anis Syed Muhammad Arslan , Imran Muhammad , Islam Rameez‐ul , Al‐Kuwari Saif , Abbas Tasawar
Published: January 2025

Hyperentangled swapping is a quantum communication technique that involves the exchange of hyperentangled states, which are quantum states entangled in multiple degrees of freedom, to enable secure and efficient quantum information transfer. In this paper, we demonstrate schematics for the hyperentanglement swapping between separate pairs of neutral atoms through the mathematical framework of atomic Bragg diffraction, which is efficient and resistant to decoherence, yielding deterministic results with superior overall fidelity. The utilised cavities are in a superposition state and interact with the incoming atoms off‐resonantly. Quantum information carried by the cavities is swapped through resonant interactions with two‐level auxiliary atoms. We also discuss entanglement swapping under a delayed‐choice scenario and provide a schematic generalisation covering multiple‐qubit scenarios. Finally, we introduce specific experimental parameters to demonstrate the experimental feasibility of the scheme.
Multiparametric functional MRI of the kidneys – evaluation of test-retest repeatability and effects of different manual and automatic image analysis strategies
Authors: Liang Cecilia , Loster Isabelle , Ursprung Stephan , Ghoul Aya , Küstner Thomas , Gückel Brigitte , Kühn Bernd , Schick Fritz , Martirosian Petros , Seith Ferdinand
Published: January 2025

Multiparametric MRI is a promising technique for noninvasive structural and functional imaging of the kidneys that is gaining increasing importance in clinical research. Still, there are no standardized recommendations for analyzing the acquired images and there is a need to further evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of currently recommended MRI parameters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the test-retest repeatability of functional renal MRI parameters using different image analysis strategies.

Ten healthy volunteers were examined twice with a multiparametric renal MRI protocol including arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), blood-oxygen-dependent (BOLD) imaging, T1 and T2 mapping, and volumetry with an interval of one week. The quantitative results of both kidneys were determined by manual organ segmentation, ROI analysis, and automatic segmentation based on the nnUNet framework. Test-retest repeatability of each parameter was computed using the within-subject coefficient of variance (wCV) and the intraclass coefficient (ICC). Segmentation accuracy and inter-reader agreement were evaluated using the dice score.

Structural tissue parameters (T1, T2) showed wCV (%) between 4 and 11 and an ICC between 0.2 and 0.8. Functional parameters (ASL, BOLD and DWI) showed wCV (%) between 3 and 38 and an ICC between 0.0 and 0.7. The highest variances between test-retest scans were observed in perfusion measurements with ASL and IVIM (wCV: 17–37%). Quantitative analysis of the cortex and medulla showed a better repeatability when acquired using manual segmentation compared to ROI-based image analysis. Comparable repeatability was achieved with manual and automatic segmentation of the total kidney.

Reasonable repeatability was achieved for all MR parameters. Structural MR parameters showed better repeatability compared to functional parameters. ROI-based image analysis showed overall lower repeatability compared to manual segmentation. Comparable repeatability to manual segmentation as well as acceptable segmentation accuracy could be achieved with automatic segmentation.
A Proposed Role for Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Primer for Reconstructive Microsurgeons
Authors: Hong Joon Pio , Chen Wei F. , Nguyen Dung H. , Xie Qingping
Published: January 2025

The relatively recent discovery of a novel lymphatic system within the brain meninges has spurred interest in how waste products generated by neurons and glial cells—including proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology such as amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau—are disposed of. Evidence is building that suggests disease progression in AD and other cognitive impairments could be explained by dysfunction in the brain's lymphatic system or obstruction of drainage. An interesting implication of this hypothesis is that, by relieving the obstruction of flow, lymphatic reconstruction along the drainage pathway could serve as a potential novel treatment. Should this concept prove true, it could represent a surgical solution to a problem for which only medical solutions have thus far been considered. This study is meant to serve as a primer for reconstructive microsurgeons, introducing the topic and current hypotheses about the potential role of lymphatic drainage in AD. A preview of current research evaluating the feasibility of lymphatic reconstruction as a surgical approach to improving Aβ clearance is provided, with the aim of inspiring others to design robust preclinical and clinical investigations into this intriguing hypothesis.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Presenting with Renal Failure
Authors: Vasant Joydeep Singh , Gupta Naveen , Malhotra Hemant , Godara Suraj , Yadav Ajay , Kumbhaj Prashant , Punia Ankur , Soni Priyanka , Sharma Lalit Mohan
Published: January 2025

Aims and Objective This article studies the clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma who have renal failure at presentation.

Methodology Patients with multiple myeloma presenting with serum creatinine of more than or equal to 2 mg/dL from outpatient department at Sri Ram Cancer Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, were screened for baseline serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Assessment was done at completion of 6 months from diagnosis—patients' clinical condition, renal response (serum creatinine and eGFR), and disease response as per the International Myeloma Working Group criteria.

Results Final response assessment was done at a follow-up of 6 months. Half of the patients achieved a renal complete response; the highest being in the lenalidomide group (83.3%). Patients with eGFR < 15 mL/min/m2 at presentation fared poorly versus those with eGFR > 15 mL/min/m2. Patients who were dialysis-dependent at baseline had poorer renal responses as compared with those who were dialysis-independent. Out of six patients who were initially dialysis-dependent, four (66.6%) became dialysis-independent after treatment.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colon Cancer: Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes since the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Trial
Authors: Westfal Maggie , Curran Thomas
Published: January 2025

Multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the short-term recovery benefits of laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer while maintaining noninferior long-term oncologic outcomes relative to open surgery. These short- and long-term results have been validated in large observational trials with the widespread adoption of laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer. Subsequent advances in minimally invasive technique including robotic colectomy, intracorporeal anastomosis, and natural orifice extraction may preserve or augment the benefits of minimally invasive surgical treatment for colon cancer although data in these areas are less robust.
Meningioangiomatosis with Variable Imaging Feature: Rare Cause of Drug Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Charan Bheru Dan , Goel Vinay , Das Sumanta , Jain Savyasachi , Garg Ajay , Sebastian Leve Joseph Devarajan , Agarwal Sushant , Suri Ashish , Bhatia Rohit , Shah Shariq Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Meningioangiomatosis is a rare entity, commonly affecting leptomeninges and the cerebral cortex. It presents in the second decade of life with drug-resistant epilepsy. Meningioangiomatosis lacks a typical computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging appearance, making the presurgical diagnosis a challenge. Diagnosis often depends on recognizing gyriform cortical patterns with or without calcification. This report presents two biopsy-proven cases of meningioangiomatosis with entirely different imaging features. Postsurgical excision carries a favorable prognosis.
Current Issues of Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rathnasamy Narmadha , Lavingia Viraj , Aggarwal Shyam , Talwar Vineet , Shukla Pragya , Rohtagi Nitesh , Prathasarathy K. M. , Gupta Deni , Pasricha Rajesh , Pasricha Sunil , Choudhary R. K. , Goyal Gautam , Rawat Saumitra , Parikh Purvish , Selvasekar C.
Published: January 2025

Evidence is mounting that circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid can be tested accurately, frequently, and in a noninvasive form. Its role in monitoring patients with cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, is increasing. In this brief review, we discuss its current role when measured using next-generation sequencing-based methods.
A Case Report of Citelli's Abscess: A Rare Complication of Mastoid Abscess
Authors: Aroor Rajeshwary , Sharma Ayushi
Published: January 2025

Middle ear and the tympanic membrane are complex structures. Anatomy is destroyed in cases with extensive inflammation. It is better to avoid middle ear surgical intervention in such cases until the inflammation subsides. Here, we present a 70-year-old immunocompromised male, who presented with foul-smelling discharge from the right ear and a painful swelling over right side of the neck, diagnosed as a case of coalescent mastoiditis with abscess along the digastric muscle. Patient was successfully managed with initial incision and drainage of the abscesses and intravenous antibiotics without manipulating the middle ear and external auditory canal.
Prognostic Serum Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Level Value in Patients Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Naseri Alavi Seyed Ahmad , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Rezakhah Amir , Naseri Alavi Seyed Hamed , Heydarian Parichehr , Torkan Jafar Sadegh Mohammadi , Jung Geena , Keymakh Margaret , Kobets Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability and death worldwide. It is important to have affordable and accessible biomarkers to assess the prognosis of patients. This study investigated the prognostic significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) serum levels in individuals with TBI.

Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study, CGRP levels were measured at admission, 24 hours, and 1 week after hospitalization. Patients were divided into two groups based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission: patients with mild/moderate TBI (GCS 9–15) and patients with severe TBI (GCS score 3–8), and CGRP levels were compared between the two groups.

Results A total of 102 patients with TBI were included. Higher levels of CGRP were observed in all three stages of measurement (at admission, 24 hours, and 1 week after hospitalization) in severe TBI patients. The occurrence of CGRP levels of 2 to 10 ng/L or higher than 10 ng/L in the mild/moderate and severe groups upon admission was 68.6 and 91%, respectively (p < 0.001). Within 24 hours of hospitalization, a more significant decrease in CGRP levels to lower ranges (> 0.5 and 0.5–2 ng/L) was observed in mild/moderate TBI patients (51.5%) compared with the severe group (19.4%). As indicated by logistic regression analysis, increased CGRP levels were directly associated with a higher risk of severe TBI.

Conclusion The increase in CGRP level is directly related to the risk of severe TBI. Investigating the ability of CGRP as an easy and accessible biomarker to predict the prognosis of TBI patients is recommended in future studies.
An integrated framework to guide evidence-informed public health policymaking
Authors: Haby Michelle M. , Reveiz Ludovic , Thomas Rebekah , Jordan Helen
Published: January 2025

Evidence-informed policymaking emphasizes that policy decisions should be informed by the best available evidence from research and follow a systematic and transparent approach. For public health policymaking we can learn from existing practices of transparent, evidence-informed decision-making for clinical practice, medicines, and medical technology. We review existing evidence-to-decision frameworks, as well as frameworks and theories for policymaking to address the political dimension of policymaking, and use this analysis to propose an integrated framework to guide evidence-informed policymaking. The framework includes nine decision-making criteria and allows for the addition of other context-specific criteria. It also emphasizes elements of the decision-making process that can give greater legitimacy, fairness, and transparency to the policy decision, such as the use of deliberative processes and assessment of conflicts of interest. We offer the framework as a tool to help government policy makers use evidence in a structured and transparent way when making decisions about public health policy options.
Investigation of “dark” current in crystalline 4He
Authors: Tsymbalenko V. L.
Published: January 2025

The current in a locked triode (the fields in the gap are directed against each other) has been studied in crystalline He in a three-electrode measuring cell with a radioactive charge source. It is shown that at least 25% of the current is due to the ultraviolet radiation of energy 4−12 eV from the ionized layer region. The time of flight technique is used to study the mobilities of two types of positive charges and the field dependence of their velocities at low temperatures.
Acoustic studies of the mobility of bcc 4He–He II phase boundary
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Grigor’ev V. N. , Svatko S. V.
Published: January 2025

Measurements of the second sound reflection coefficient at the bcc 4He–He II phase boundary are used to obtain information on the kinetic coefficient of crystal growth. This coefficient increases with decreasing temperature, which is a characteristic feature of a rough interface in the case of helium. The coefficient of transformation of the first sound into second is measured, and absolute values of temperature oscillations at the interface are determined. The obtained results are correctly interpreted by the Castaing–Nozieres theory. First and second sound velocities in He II are measured along the melting curve. It is shown that in a wide temperature range the experimental results on the growth rate of helium crystals may be quantitatively described by the diffusion growth model if the coefficient of roton self-diffusion is used as the effective diffusion coefficient. It is found that in the metastability region, the amplitudes of the transmitted first sound and of the second sound appearing at the interface increase sharply with decreasing temperature.
Galvanomagnetic properties of rhenium single crystals under static skin effect
Authors: Cherepanov A. N. , Marchenkov V. V. , Startsev V. E. , Volkenshtein N. V. , Kovtun G. P. , Glin’ski M.
Published: January 2025

The anisotropy and field dependence of transverse magnetoresistance and Hall effect in magnetic fields up to 150 kOe have been studied at low temperatures in rhenium single crystals with a resistance ratio ρ2.3k/ρ4.2k≃30000. The samples had a current orientation j‖〈12¯10〉 and j||⟨0001⟩ and were prepared in the form of bars and plates. It is shown that static skin effect exists in the case when a spatial net of narrow layers of electron trajectories (H||⟨0001⟩) or closed electron orbits (H||⟨0001⟩ + 12°) is realized in a magnetic field H. In other cases, when wide layers of open electron trajectories (H lies in the basal plane (0001)) or a two-dimensional region of open trajectories (H is directed close to the 〈12¯10〉 axis) correspond to the direction of H, static skin effect is not observed. An anomalous linear growth in the Hall coefficient of rhenium is observed with an increase in the magnetic field both in the presence of static skin effect (H||⟨0001⟩ + 12°) and in its absence (H‖〈101¯0¯〉). Although such an anomalous increase in Hall coefficient is maximum in the case of d.c. skinning, it is not possible to attribute such a behavior of the Hall effect uniquely to the scattering of electrons at the surface in the case of static skin effect.
Barrier influence on thermal, dynamic, and structural properties of two-minima systems
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Kovarskii V. L. , Ruban I. V. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

Thermal, dynamic, and structural properties of two-minima systems with a barrier are considered by using the simplest model potentials. Averaging over the phase trajectories makes it possible to obtain the mean value of the cyclic frequency ⟨ω(E)⟩ and to separate the motion in the left- and right-wells. This allows a description of the metastable states with a particle localized permanently in one of the wells (glass). At temperatures of the order of barrier height, specific heat anomalies have been observed as well as a gently sloping minimum of ⟨ω⟩ and ⟨x2⟩, and the appearance of a central peak on the average probability density of a particle coordinate ⟨P(x)⟩ in the metastable state.
Soliton stability criterion in a non-ideal Bose gas
Authors: Bogdan M. M. , Kovalev A. S. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the two-valued form of the dispersion relation curve for solitons can lead to qualitative and quantitative criteria for soliton stability from the terminal point of the spectrum. The criteria are found to be in accord with the results of direct investigations of stability.
On reversible variation of parameters of traditional and high-temperature heterophase superconductors under mechanical loading
Authors: Boiko V. S. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: January 2025

The emergence of superelasticity in the superconducting state is considered as a reason behind the reversible variation of the parameters of superconductors under the action of an external elastic field σe. Since the superconducting parameters of the martensitic phase differ from those of the initial phase, a change in the volume concentration of the martensitic phase alters the superconducting parameters of the sample, viz., the critical current Ic and the superconducting transition temperature Tc under loading. This circumstance can be used to explain the degradation of Ic and Tc for traditional superconductors under loading and their complete (in the case of NbTi) or partial (in the case of Nb3Sn) restoration upon unloading. In high-temperature superconductors (like YBa3Cu3O7−x or La1−x Srx CuO4), the low-temperature martensitic (rhombic) phase is responsible for superconductivity, which distinguishes them from traditional superconductors and must lead to a different manifestation of the dependence of superconductivity on σe (perhaps, to an increase in Tc and Ic). Under certain conditions, the concentration of the martensite phase may change, and hence the shape and the superconducting parameters of the sample can also undergo reversible changes under the action of an external magnetic field H. In the framework of the developed approach, the reversible variation of the superconducting parameters will be observed only to certain threshold values of σe or H. The effect of “training” in traditional and high-Tc superconductors is analyzed.
Anomaly in the magnetic susceptibility of 3He in the matrix of solid 4He at temperatures below 10 mK
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Golub A. A. , Goncharov V. A. , Rusnak V. P. , Shvarts V. A.
Published: January 2025

Pulsed NMR technique is employed to measure the magnetic susceptibility of the decomposed 3He−4He solid solution in the temperature range 0.7−80 mK. The pressure in the sample and the concentration of 3He before phase separation were 3.71 MPa and 0.50 ± 0.1% He, respectively. It was found that the magnetic susceptibility of the sample obeys the Curie–Weiss law above 7 mK, while a flat peak exists near 3 mK. Investigation of the magnetic energy thermal relaxation time shows that the violated magnetization is restored in a time-exponential manner to its equilibrium value corresponding to the temperature of the thermal bath. At temperatures below 10 mK, the time constant of this process did not exceed 6 min. The results lead to the assumption that the decomposed solid solution contains a special magnetic state which differs significantly from the antiferromagnetism in bulk solid 3He.
Processes of matrix isolation of hydrogen and deuterium atoms in H2 and D2 crystals
Authors: Iskovskikh A. S. , Lukashevich I. I. , Shevtsov V. A.
Published: January 2025

The kinetics of trapping of hydrogen (deuterium) atoms in a H2 (D2) crystal matrix is considered. The lifetimes of atoms on the crystal surface at T = 2 K are estimated at 3·10−5 s and 5·10−3 s for H on H2 and D on D2, respectively. The possibility of increasing the atomic concentration in crystal matrices is discussed.
First-sound velocity in the impuriton system of superfluid 3He–4He solutions
Authors: Rudavskii É. Ya. , Chagovets V. K. , Sheshin G. A.
Published: January 2025

The velocity of first-sound in 3He–4He solutions containing up to 6% 3He has been measured in the temperature range 25−165 mK. It is shown that the observed dependence of the velocity of sound on temperature and concentration can be described quite accurately by considering just the impuriton system of the solutions. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with the kinetic theory of solutions.
Anisotropy of H
c2 and resistive transitions in orthorhombic and tetragonal single crystals of YBa2Cu3Ox
Authors: Bondarenko A. V. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Obolenskii M. A. , Tovazhnyanskii V. L. , Fogel’ N. Ya. , Cherkasova V. G.
Published: January 2025

Temperatures and angular dependences of the critical fields Hc2 have been measured in orthorhombic and superconducting tegragonal single crystals YBa2Cu3Ox. The peculiar features of resistive transitions and the shape of the angular dependences of Hc2 suggest that single crystals have a block-type structure. The nonlinearity ot the Hc2(T) dependence near Tc is found to be the more pronounced, the less perfect the single crystals.
Isothermal current transition from superconducting to normal state in thin tin films
Authors: Sivakov A. G. , Turutanov O. G. , Dmitrenko I. M. , Volotskaya V. G.
Published: January 2025

Destruction of superconductivity by current in wide tin films is investigated. Isothermal current-voltage characteristics with a well-defined voltage-independent excess current are obtained with the help of a film thermometer located directly on the sample surface, and a film-temperature stabilization system. The second critical current, viz., the upper boundary of current region in which the resistive state can exist is determined, and the coefficient of heat transfer through the tin-quartz interface is measured.
The role of electronic topological transitions in orbital magnetism of indium
Authors: Vorontsov S. A. , Svechkarev I. V.
Published: January 2025

The contribution to the orbital magnetic susceptibility of indium from the states of the electronic β-ring in the third energy band is calculated. A comparison with experimental results for the In–Cd and In–Pb alloys makes it possible to explain the observed behavior of diamagnetism as a manifestation of an electronic topological transition associated with the rupture of the β-ring near the symmetry point T of the Brillouin zone at cadmium concentration 0.7 ± 0.1 at. %.
Dependence of optical superradiance pulse characteristics on transverse relaxation time of emitters
Authors: Gorentsveig V. I.
Published: January 2025

The dependences of maximum intensity, delay time and single superradiance pulse width on transverse relaxation time for different initial inversion of emitters have been obtained in analytic form by using a semiclassical approach involving effective description of radiative field decay in the bulk of a sample. Superradiance conditions are refined and the restrictions on initial inversion are determined.