bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Guiera senegalensis and Natron on Serum Indices of Cardiac Function of Postpartum Rats
Authors: Abubakar Aminu Lailaba , Danyaya Jabir Aliyu , Abubakar Kabiru , Faruk Magaji Umar , Saidu Yusuf
Published: September 2021

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but devastating cardiac failure of indeterminate etiology occurring in late pregnancy or early puerperium. The prevalence of PPCM in Northern Nigeria could be attributed to the unique customary puerperal practices of prolonged consumption oflarge quantities of Guiera senegalensis and Natron. This study investigated the effect of decoction of G. senegalensis with and without Natron on cardiac markers, lipid profile and histology ofheart in postpartum female albino rats using standard methods.Thirty-five (35)female albino rats of body weights 190-200 g of five month were randomly grouped into seven (7) of five rats each. Group 2, 3 and 4 were orally administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of G. senegalensis. Group 5, 6 and 7 were orally administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (1:1) of G. senegalensis and Natron by gavage, whereas group 1 received distilled water. The study revealed significant (p< 0.05) decrease in triglyceride(TG) in group 2 to VII, high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-c) in group 2, 5 and 6, very low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (VLDL-c) in group 3 to V, couples with significant (p< 0.05) increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in group 2, 3, 5 and 7, and for (AIX) in group 2, total cholesterol(TC) in group 2, 3 and 7 when compared with control. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in group 3 to 7, and Myoglobin (MB) in group 3 was observed. Significant (p< 0.05) decrease in Troponin I (TnI) in group 2 and 4 was seen. There were no significant (p>0.05) changes in Troponin T (Tn T), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Creatine Kinase(CK-NAC) of the treatment group when compared to control group. Histopathological examination of section of the heart revealed ventricular dilatation, hypertrophied with enlarged nuclei, stretched, and irregular and mural thrombi in group 2 to 4 and 7. Inflammation in group 5 and 7, Pigment deposited in group 4 to 7 and Mild fibrosis in group 3 were observed. The study demonstrates that consumption of G. senegalensis and Natron for 28 days’induces dyslipidemia and causes changes in the heart of postpartum rats and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of PPCM.
Apresentação do Dossiê 10: Dispositivos Estatais e Construção Social dos Mortos
Authors: Medeiros Flavia Santos , Hattori Marcia Lika
Published: September 2021

A compreensão dos processos histórico-sociais da maneira como o Estado se estrutura e operacionaliza a morte no processo de construção dos mortos tem sido desenvolvida mais recentemente, sendo o presente dossiê uma contribuição aos estudos desse campo. Aqui reunimos análises dedicadas a descrever regimes técnicos e morais que se alinhavam nas instituições, tornando visíveis e enunciáveis as diferentes suturas que produzem mortos, desde suas derivações, transformações e mutações. Visibilidade e enunciação que, como descreve Deleuze (1990), se combinam com linhas de força e de subjetivação e, também, com brechas, fissuras e fraturas, que ora se entrecruzam, ora se misturam. Nesse movimento contínuo, histórico e social, acabam "por dar uma nas outras, ou suscitar outras, por meio de variações ou mesmo mutações de agenciamento". Descrever e analisar tais dispositivos é uma forma de explicar como se mobiliza um regime de saber, poder e subjetivação sobre a morte, que se vê indizível e invisível, e que age no sentido de produzir um controle sobre os mortos, de modo a construir socialmente sujeitos matáveis, objetos irrastreáveis, corpos extermináveis, populações vulneráveis e territórios marginais.
Psychological Effects of COVID-19 and Preliminary Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Gulick Sarah H. , Mandel Steven , Maitz Edward A. , Brigham Christopher R.
Published: September 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus affects the mental health of many. Isolation, fear of infection, and social distancing may affect psychological functioning. Research continues to evolve and reveal the psychological symptoms reported by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis have been reported in the literature for COVID-19 patients. Potential preliminary treatment recommendations include various forms of psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. More research should be done regarding other additional treatment recommendations that may facilitate psychological healing in COVID-19 patients.
Rhodocista
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: September 2021

Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n.rhodon, rose; L. fem. n.cistaa basket; N.L. fem. n.Rhodocista, red basket.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista

Rhodocista centenariais a well‐characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions,Rhodocistaforms desiccation‐, heat‐, and UV‐resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement.Rhodocistaspecies grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS).

Type species:Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenariaKawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym:Rhodospirillum centenumFavinger et al. 1989, VL48).
Limnobaculum
Authors: Baek Min‐gyung , Yi Hana
Published: September 2021

Lim.no.ba'cu.lum. Gr. fem. n.
limne
lake; L. neut. n.
baculum
stick; N.L. neut. n.
Limnobaculum
a rod from the lake.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Budviciaceae / Limnobaculum

The genus
Limnobaculum
belongs to the family
Budviciaceae
of the order
Enterobacterales
. Cells of the genus are facultatively anaerobic, Gram‐stain negative, and nonflagellated rods. They grow well at neutral pH and mesophilic condition without salts. The type strain of the type species was isolated from lake water. The closest relative of this genus is the genus
Pragia
by sharing the highest sequence similarity (97.1%) and by forming a robust monophyletic clade in the 16S rRNA gene and genome trees. The only strain in the genus possesses a single circular chromosome of 3.84 Mb. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
12:0
aldehyde and/or unknown 10.928, C
16:1
ω6
c
and/or C
16:1
ω7
c
, and C
18:1
ω6
c
and/or C
18:1
ω7
c
. The predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and one unidentified phospholipid (PL). The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 8 (Q‐8), and the minor ones are menaquinone 8 (MK‐8) and demethylmenaquinone‐8 (DMK‐8).

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Limnobaculum parvum
Baek et al. 2019
VP
.
3D Printing of Superhydrophobic Objects with Bulk Nanostructure
Authors: Dong Zheqin , Vuckovac Maja , Cui Wenjuan , Zhou Quan , Ras Robin H. A. , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: September 2021

The rapid development of 3D printing (or additive manufacturing) technologies demands new materials with novel properties and functionalities. Superhydrophobic materials, owing to their ultralow water adhesion, self‐cleaning, anti‐biofouling, or superoleophilic properties are useful for myriad applications involving liquids. However, the majority of the methods for making superhydrophobic surfaces have been based on surface functionalization and coatings, which are challenging to apply to 3D objects. Additionally, these coatings are vulnerable to abrasion due to low mechanical stability and limited thickness. Here, a new materials concept and methodology for 3D printing of superhydrophobic macroscopic objects with bulk nanostructure and almost unlimited geometrical freedom is presented. The method is based on a specific ink composed of hydrophobic (meth)acrylate monomers and porogen solvents, which undergoes phase separation upon photopolymerization to generate inherently nanoporous and superhydrophobic structures. Using a desktop Digital Light Processing printer, superhydrophobic 3D objects with complex shapes are demonstrated, with ultralow and uniform water adhesion measured with scanning droplet adhesion microscopy. It is shown that the 3D‐printed objects, owing to their nanoporous structure throughout the entire volume, preserve their superhydrophobicity upon wear damage. Finally, a superhydrophobic 3D‐printed gas‐permeable and water‐repellent microfluidic device and a hierarchically structured 3D‐printed super‐oil‐absorbent are demonstrated.
Iodine Catalyzed C2‐H Formamidation of Quinoline N‐Oxides using Isocyanides: A Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Anugu Naveenkumar , Thunga Sanjeeva , Golla Sivaparwathi , Kokatla Hari Prasad
Published: September 2021

A molecular iodine catalyzed regioselective insertion of isocyanide into C2‐H of quinoline N‐oxides has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic addition of isocyanide on quinoline N‐oxides followed by rearrangement in presence of iodine. This metal‐free reaction affords rapid access to quinoline 2‐formamides with exceptional functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and 100% atom‐economy. A library of 33 N‐(2‐quinolinyl)formamides are synthesized, which may find applications in pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemistry.

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Organocatalytic Trans Semireduction of Primary and Secondary Propiolamides: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Grams R. Justin , Lawal Monsurat M. , Szwetkowski Connor , Foster Daniel , Rosenblum Carol Ann , Slebodnick Carla , Welborn Valerie Vaissier , Santos Webster L.
Published: September 2021

We report a chemoselective, phosphine‐catalyzed semireduction of primary and secondary propiolamides. In the presence of stoichiometric pinacolborane and catalytic n‐tributylphosphine, a variety of propiolamides were successfully converted to the corresponding acrylamides in excellent yield with (E)‐stereoselectivity. The reaction condition is tolerant of various functional groups including alkene, alkyne, ketone, or ester. Deuterium labeling studies established that the hydride from activated pinacolborane is added to the α‐carbon and the proton on the amide nitrogen is abstracted by the ß‐carbon to furnish the (E)‐acrylamides. DFT calculations revealed a clear energetic driving force for the (E)‐ over the (Z)‐isomer.

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Fused Deposition Modeling‐Based 3D‐Printed Electrical Interconnects and Circuits
Authors: Nassar Habib , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: September 2021

Multimaterial 3D printing in electronics is expanding due to the ability to realize geometrically complex systems with simplified processes compared with conventional printed circuit board. Herein, the feasibility of using a copper‐based filament to realize 3D circuits with planar and vertical interconnections is presented. The resistivity of the tracks (1–3 mm wide) is studied with reference to printing parameters and orientation. Using lateral infill for 1 mm tracks offers lower resistance compared with longitudinal infill (≈75%). For wider tracks, the effect of infill orientation on resistance diminishes. The evaluation of tracks embedded in polylactic acid shows a drop in maximum current (to ≈11 mA) compared with exposed tracks (≈16 mA). There is no observed correlation between electrical performance and number of embedding layers. However, a significant correlation is observed between the tracks’ resistance and the amount of time the filament remains in the heated nozzle. This in‐depth study leads to optimum resolution to realize conductive tracks of 0.67 mm thickness and the first integration of fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐printed conductive traces with small‐outline integrated circuits to open a pathway for higher‐density 3D printed circuits. Finally, the transmission of digital data by a 3D printed circuit is demonstrated.
Encoding Multiple Information into European Article Number (EAN)‐13 Codes with Various Chromic Sensing Materials to Construct Intelligent Barcodes
Authors: Guan Hui , Liu Hang , Zhang Qia , Tang Jingyu , Zou Jianxiong , Kang Ling , Hu Menghan , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2021

An intelligent encoding/decoding scheme for barcodes is studied that can realize transformation among different barcodes under external stimuli. The proposed scheme is compatible with the European Article Number (EAN)‐13 encoding/decoding system. First, the transformation mechanism among different barcodes is analyzed. Two different transformation strategies, the bar transformation and the background color transformation, are discussed. To demonstrate the possible applications, a temperature‐sensitive barcode tag (TSBT) and pH‐indicative barcode tag (PSBT) are developed by embedding the corresponding thermochromic and pH‐sensitive materials into the traditional EAN‐13 barcodes. Except for the conventional identification function, these tags can be used as environmental sensors to sense temperature and pH values. The maximum recognition rates of the TSBT and PSBT are 100% and 98%, respectively. The technology is universal and versatile because different kinds of sensitive tags can be constructed easily. This sensitive barcode technology can be expected to provide an efficient, accurate, and low‐cost solution to real‐time detection.
Worm‐Inspired Soft Robots Enable Adaptable Pipeline and Tunnel Inspection
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Song Maozheng , Fang Yuhui , Zhao Yunwei , Cao Changyong
Published: September 2021

The inspection, maintenance, and repair of pipeline and tunnel infrastructure have motivated the increasing research in the development of suitable robots with high flexibility, good adaptability, and large load capacity. Herein, a worm‐inspired soft robot that is capable of operating and performing a variety of tasks in a complicated pipeline/tunnel environment is reported. The soft tubular robot consists of elongation pneumatic actuators (EPAs), radial expansion pneumatic actuators (REPAs), and a spatial bending pneumatic actuator (SBPA). A series of experiments are performed to demonstrate the capability of the soft robot to crawl robustly under different pipeline conditions, including varying diameter, different cross‐sectional shapes, and wet or oil‐covered internal surfaces, and underwater environment. The soft robot can carry a load of more than 11 times of its own weight in a vertical pipeline. Equipped with a visualization unit, the soft robot can detect the internal conditions of the pipeline and cross the multibranched pipeline as needed. The tubular soft robot provides a useful tool for the inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of pipelines and tunnels.
Latino/a adolescents facing neighborhood dangers: An examination of community violence and gender‐based harassment
Authors: Mora Andrea S. , Ceballo Rosario , Cranford James A.
Published: September 2021

While ample research examines community violence as a serious public health problem that disproportionately affects minority adolescents, less attention focuses on adolescents' experiences of gender‐based harassment in poor, urban neighborhoods. Using data from 416 urban, low‐income Latino/a adolescents (53% female;Mage = 15.5), this study examined (a) the relations between community violence exposure (CVE), gender‐based harassment, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and (b) the role of parent–child cohesion as a moderator of the relations between CVE/harassment and PTSD symptoms. Whereas both CVE and gender‐based harassment were associated with greater PTSD symptoms, the effect of gender‐based harassment on PTSD symptoms was far greater than the effect of community violence. Additionally, the association between gender‐based harassment and PTSD symptoms was exacerbated when parent–child cohesion was high, compared to when cohesion was low or average. Finally, Latino/a adolescents exposed to high levels of both CVE and gender‐based harassment had worse PTSD symptoms compared to those exposed primarily to gender‐based harassment, who in turn had worse PTSD symptoms than those exposed primarily to community violence. Findings highlight the importance of including adolescents' experiences with gender‐based harassment when studying community violence.
Everyone Wants Arbitrator Diversity, But How Can It Be Achieved?
Authors: Cole Sarah Rudolph
Published: September 2021

In 2018, Jay‐Z and his clothing company, Rocawear, filed suit against the American Arbitration Association because the AAA did not include a black arbitrator among the 12 arbitrators it proposed to handle a breach of contract dispute. See Helen Holmes, “Jay‐Z Halting His $204M Lawsuit Over a Lack of Black Arbitrators Could Be Historic,” Observer (Nov. 29, 2018) (available https://perma.cc/LY33‐A55Q); Petitioners' Memorandum of Law in Support of the Order to Show Cause for a Temp. Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction at 2, Carter v. Iconix Brand Group Inc., No. 655894/2018 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. Nov. 28, 2018) (available at https://perma.cc/98WE‐VRVJ).
Controllable Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Graphene‐Based Semiconductor Quantum Dot Waveguides
Authors: Gubin Mikhail Yu. , Prokhorov Alexei V. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Evlyukhin Andrey B.
Published: September 2021

The research aim of this study is the development of a theoretical semiclassical model of the controllable excitation and propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in planar graphene waveguides by the application of external voltage. The model is based on the numerical solution of the SPP's dispersion equation formulated for a system including two coupled graphene sheets with embedded quantum dots. Using the developed model, the different near‐field patterns realized in the waveguides depending on the quantum dots' ordering and an external voltage applied independently to each graphene sheet with additional gold electrodes are numerically investigated. The obtained results show that the application of external voltage can locally change the chemical potential of graphene and, thereby, lead to controllable excitation of SPPs in the corresponding graphene waveguide. Furthermore, we revealed that the propagation direction of the excited SPPs is determined by the geometrical configurations of the gold electrodes that provide the required SPP routing. The investigated system offers new opportunities for near‐field energy transport and concentration, which can be applied to develop ultra‐compact photonic devices.
Highly Perfluorinated Covalent Triazine Frameworks Derived from a Low‐Temperature Ionothermal Approach Towards Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Suo Xian , Zhang Fengtao , Yang Zhenzhen , Chen Hao , Wang Tao , Wang Zongyu , Kobayashi Takeshi , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Maltsev Dmitry , Liu Zhimin , Dai Sheng
Published: September 2021

Perfluorinated covalent triazine frameworks (F‐CTFs) have shown unique features and attractive performance in separation and catalysis. However, state‐of‐the‐art F‐CTFs synthesized via the ZnCl2‐promoted procedure have quite low fluorine contents due to C−F bond cleavage induced by chloride (a Lewis base) and the harsh conditions deployed (400–700 °C). Fabricating F‐CTFs with high fluorine contents (>30 wt %) remains challenging. Herein, we present a low‐temperature ionothermal approach (275 °C) to prepare F‐CTFs, which is achieved via polymerization of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFPN) over the Lewis superacids, e.g., zinc triflimide [Zn(NTf2)2] without side reactions. With low catalyst loading (equimolar), F‐CTFs are afforded with high fluorine content (31 wt %), surface area up to 367 m2 g−1, and micropores around 1.1 nm. The highly hydrophobic F‐CTF‐1 exhibits good capability to boost electroreduction of CO2 to CO, with faradaic efficiency of 95.7 % at −0.8 V and high current density (−141 mA cm−2) surpassing most of the metal‐free electrocatalysts.
Rapid Iron(III)−Fluoride‐Mediated Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Panda Chakadola , Doyle Lorna M. , Gericke Robert , McDonald Aidan R.
Published: September 2021

We anticipate high‐valent metal–fluoride species will be highly effective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) oxidants because of the magnitude of the H−F bond (in the product) that drives HAT oxidation. We prepared a dimeric FeIII(F)−F−FeIII(F) complex (1) by reacting [FeII(NCCH3)2(TPA)](ClO4)2 (TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) with difluoro(phenyl)‐λ3‐iodane (difluoroiodobenzene). 1 was a sluggish oxidant, however, it was readily activated by reaction with Lewis or Brønsted acids to yield a monomeric [FeIII(TPA)(F)(X)]+ complex (2) where X=F/OTf. 1 and 2 were characterized using NMR, EPR, UV/Vis, and FT‐IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. 2 was a remarkably reactive FeIII reagent for oxidative C−H activation, demonstrating reaction rates for hydrocarbon HAT comparable to the most reactive FeIII and FeIV oxidants.
Evidence to guide the optimal timing for pre‐chemotherapy blood tests for early breast, colorectal cancer and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chambers Pinkie , Wei Li , Forster Martin D. , Kipps Emma , Wong Ian C. K. , Jani Yogini
Published: September 2021

Background

Re‐designing services and processes to meet growing demands in chemotherapy services is necessary with increasing treatments. There is little evidence guiding the timing and thresholds to be attained of pre‐chemotherapy blood assessments, namely neutrophils.

Methods

A survey was developed and distributed to health professionals in the United Kingdom (UK) to examine current practice in timing and threshold values of neutrophils and platelets before treatment administration. This was followed by a retrospective cohort study, using data from electronic patient record systems; including patients initiating treatment between January 2013 and December 2018, to determine a safe timeframe for blood assessments; comparing neutrophil, platelet, creatinine and bilirubin levels at different time points.

Results

The survey captured 25% of hospitals in the UK and variations were apparent in both the timing of assessments and thresholds needed, particularly for neutrophils. 616 (6.5%) of 4007 patients included had neutrophil levels measured twice within 7 days of treatment (with the first level taken beyond 3 days and the second test being within 3 days of treatment‐ the UK standard). Of the patients that attained an acceptable neutrophil level at their first test, five of the 616 (0.8%) became ineligible for administration from the test 2 level. 23% of patients improved their grade and became eligible for treatment. Little difference was observed for platelets.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that extending the timeframe for blood tests can be safe, however, this practice may cause unnecessary delays for patients if only an early test is relied on for eligibility.
Individualism/collectivism and perceived consumer effectiveness: The moderating role of global–local identities in a post‐transitional European economy
Authors: Czarnecka Barbara , Schivinski Bruno
Published: September 2021

What explains why some consumers believe their individual consumption choices impact the natural environment, social issues, and employee well‐being and others do not? This study examines the moderating role of global and local social identities on the relations between cultural values of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism, and perceived consumer effectiveness. Data were collected from 432 respondents in Poland. Individuals who report high values of vertical individualism and high vertical collectivism believe their individual purchase decisions impact the natural environment, social and community issues and employee welfare. It is the acceptance of responsibility for oneself (vertical individualism) and others (vertical collectivism) that explains why some people believe their consumption choices affect wider societal and environmental issues. Global identity strengthens this for vertical individualists, and local identity strengthens this for vertical collectivists. We provide evidence that the conceptual distinction between horizontal and vertical orientations of individualism and collectivism matters when explaining perceived consumer effectiveness. The study confirms that global and local social identities are meaningful variables in the context of perceived consumer effectiveness. The concept of value congruence explains the hypothesised relations only partially. The study contributes to the literature on consumer behaviour in the context of the post‐transitional economy of Poland.
From the {FeIII2Ln2} Butterfly's Perspective: the Magnetic Benefits and Challenges of Cooperativity within 3 d–4 f Based Coordination Clusters
Authors: Peng Yan , Kaemmerer Hagen , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2021

In this Review we discuss the tuning handles which can be used to steer the magnetic properties of FeIII‐4 f “butterfly” compounds. The majority of presented compounds were produced in the context of project A3 “Di‐ to tetranuclear compounds incorporating highly anisotropic paramagnetic metal ions” within the SFB/TRR88 “3MET”. These contain {FeIII2Ln2} cores encapsulated in ligand shells which are easy to tune in a “test‐bed” system. We identify the following advantages and variables in such systems: (i) the complexes are structurally simple usually with one crystallographically independent FeIII and LnIII, respectively. This simplifies theory and anaylsis; (ii) choosing Fe allows 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to be used as an additional technique which can give information about oxidation levels and spin states, local moments at the iron nuclei and spin‐relaxation and, more importantly, about the anisotropy not only of the studied isotope, but also of elements interacting with this isotope; (iii) isostructural analogues with all the available (i. e. not Pm) 4 f ions can be synthesised, enabling a systematic survey of the influence of the 4 f ion on the electronic structure; (iv) this cluster type is obtained by reacting [FeIII3O(O2CR)6(L)3](X) (X=anion, L=solvent such as H2O, py) with an ethanolamine‐based ligand L′ and lanthanide salts. This allows to study analogues of [FeIII2Ln2(μ3‐OH)2(L′)2(O2CR)6] using the appropriate iron trinuclear starting materials. (v) the organic main ligand can be readily functionalised, facilitating a systematic investigation of the effect of organic substituents on the ligands on the magnetic properties of the complexes. We describe and discuss 34 {MIII2Ln2} (M=Fe or in one case Al) butterfly compounds which have been reported up to 2020. The analysis of these gives perspectives for designing new SMM systems with specific electronic and magnetic signatures
Chemisches Recycling für Kunststoffe: Status und Perspektiven
Authors: Maisels Arkadi , Hiller Andreas , Simon Franz‐Georg
Published: September 2021

Das mechanische Recycling von Kunststoffen ist seit Jahren großtechnisch etabliert, hat aber technische und ökonomische Grenzen. Durch Verfahren des chemischen Recyclings gelangt man zurück zu Monomeren oder den Rohstoffen, so dass am Ende wieder Neuware für alle Einsatzgebiete von Kunststoffen entsteht. Die Vielfalt von chemischen Recyclingverfahren ist groß. Die Kapazitäten der Anlagen sind heute noch gering und die Wirtschaftlichkeit wird stark vom Ölpreis beeinflusst. Die Rentabilitätsgrenze liegt derzeit bei einem Preis zwischen 50 und 60 US‐$ pro Barrel.
A deep neural network based toddler tracking system
Authors: Guney Hanife , Aydin Melek , Taskiran Murat , Kahraman Nihan
Published: September 2021

With the recent technological developments, auxiliary smart systems have started to be used in many issues that are important in people's lives. One of these issues is that parents ensure the safety of their toddlers. Toddlers tend to reach objects that may be dangerous to them at home because of their natural curiosity. For this reason, parents' inability to pay enough attention to their toddlers while doing their daily work can cause irreversible accidents. On account of all these situations, it is clear that there is a need to develop a toddler tracking system. In this article, a toddler tracking system based on deep neural network has been proposed. For experimental studies, videos in 10 different scenarios were collected from different toddlers aged between 1.5 and 4. The system includes FaceNet for face recognition and YOLOv3 for object tracking. First, desired toddler's face is recognized, and the system tracks the movements of that toddler. If the toddler gets close to dangerous objects in the house, the parents will be warned by the system. As a result of experimental studies, the system accuracy rate was increased from 80.7% to 93.3% with the changes in the previous system.
Toward accurate and intelligent detection of malware
Authors: Arfeen Asad , Khan Zunair Ahmed , Uddin Riaz , Ahsan Usama
Published: September 2021

Malware is a constant threat to the safety of the public Internet and private networks. It also affects the security of endpoint devices. An infected endpoint device can take part in aggressive or slow distributed denial of service attacks globally. Polymorphic malware has rendered traditional signature‐based detection ineffective. Hence the efforts to identify malware have been focused on behavioral modeling to identify and classify malware. This behavioral identification paved the way for artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. AI can detect a zero‐day attack and malware, but it suffers from several false positives. This article presents an extensive analysis of traditional and AI‐based methods for malware detection and related challenges. AI is vulnerable to attacks, such as dataset poisoning and adversarial data input, which can reduce model accuracy and increase false negatives. AI has helped to improve malware detection and reduce manual work through automation of feature extraction and feature selection. It is also beneficial to create models that are less prone to malware variations and capture the malicious behavior holistically. This article explores the transition of malware detection from traditional to AI‐based techniques. Furthermore, it also explains how some conventional approaches are still relevant today in terms of detection speed.
Remote‐controlled reconfigurable hexa‐band antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting systems
Authors: Siddique Shadab Azam , Kumar H. Venkatesh , S Chethana Gosal , Mishra Brijesh , Narayaswamy Nagesh Kallollu
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a compact (15.5 × 32 mm2) reconfigurable microstrip antenna with hexa‐band operation for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications is presented. Three PIN diodes (D3, D2, and D1) for switching action and internet of things (IoT) controlled unit for controlling the resonating frequency of the proposed antenna are used. The antenna resonates at 2.1 and 3.4 GHz (010 state), 3.3 GHz (100 state), 3.2 GHz (101 state), 3 GHz (110 state), and 2.8 GHz (111 state). The proposed antenna exhibits −10 dB simulated and measured impedance bandwidth of 150, 400, 480, 570, 370, and 400 MHz and 120, 410, 400, 470, 320, and 356 MHz in states‐010, 100, 101, 110, and 111, respectively. A maximum peak gain of 3.3 dBi and maximum bandwidth of 570 MHz at 3.2 GHz (101 state) is observed. The proposed antenna is further tested for harvested power, and maximum harvested voltage of 3.9 V, maximum harvested power of 3.013 mW, and 55.07% power conversion efficiency at 20‐dBm power source are recorded. The simulated results have been validated with experimental results.
Directivity enhancement with improved beamforming for physical layer ultra‐wideband communication by pulse shaping
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Garg Amik , Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Sachan Vibhav Kumar , Kumar Parvin
Published: September 2021

In this manuscript, a methodology of pulse shape modification is used for the directivity enhancement of ultra‐wideband (UWB) beam formation, to suppress the interference due to co‐existing narrowband communications with UWB signals. We propose that the modified pulse shaping produces more direct beam patterns for the tapped delay line antenna arrangements. These direct beam patterns are obtained for the smaller values of inter‐element spacing. This reduction of inter‐element spacing can provide more space for other development and compact the size of the any UWB antenna unit.
Cilia kinases in skeletal development and homeostasis
Authors: Abraham Sara P. , Nita Alexandru , Krejci Pavel , Bosakova Michaela
Published: September 2021

Primary cilia are dynamic compartments that regulate multiple aspects of cellular signaling. The production, maintenance, and function of cilia involve more than 1000 genes in mammals, and their mutations disrupt the ciliary signaling which manifests in a plethora of pathological conditions—the ciliopathies. Skeletal ciliopathies are genetic disorders affecting the development and homeostasis of the skeleton, and encompass a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging from isolated polydactyly to lethal syndromic dysplasias. The recent advances in forward genetics allowed for the identification of novel regulators of skeletogenesis, and revealed a growing list of ciliary proteins that are critical for signaling pathways implicated in bone physiology. Among these, a group of protein kinases involved in cilia assembly, maintenance, signaling, and disassembly has emerged. In this review, we summarize the functions of cilia kinases in skeletal development and disease, and discuss the available and upcoming treatment options.
The extraction of orthographic and phonological structure of printed words in adults with dyslexia
Authors: Collette Emilie , Content Alain , Schelstraete Marie‐Anne , Chetail Fabienne
Published: September 2021

The current study investigated the extraction of orthographic and phonological structure of written words in adults with dyslexia. In adults without learning difficulties, Chetail and Content showed that orthographic structure, as determined by the number of vowel letter clusters, influences visual word length estimation. The authors also found a phonological effect determined by the number of syllables of words. In the present study, 22 French‐speaking students diagnosed with dyslexia in childhood and 22 students without learning disabilities were compared. All participants performed the task of estimating word length. The pattern of results obtained by Chetail and Content was replicated: length estimates were biased by both the number of syllables and the number of vowel letter clusters. The study showed a significant interaction between phonological bias and group. The phonological effect was less important in students with dyslexia, suggesting reduced sensitivity to phonological parsing in reading. In contrast, the orthographic effect did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that the sensitivity to the orthographic structure of written words is preserved in students with dyslexia despite their low‐quality orthographic representations. We conclude that there is no systematic association between sensitivity to the structure of representations and quality of their content.
The first 20 weeks of pregnancy is a high‐risk period for eating disorder relapse
Authors: Sollid Charlotte , Clausen Loa , Maimburg Rikke Damkjær
Published: September 2021

Objective

Eating disorders (ED) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome and pregnancy is associated with both relapse and remission of ED. Knowledge is lacking on the risk of ED relapse during pregnancy and the postpartum period for women in stable remission. This study examined the occurrence of perinatal ED relapse as well as obstetric and postpartum outcome in women with at least a 6‐month ED remission before pregnancy.

Method

A total of 122 women in stable remission before pregnancy were included in a prospective longitudinal study. Changes in ED symptoms based on the Eating Disorder Examination were systematically evaluated at each antenatal visit and in the postpartum period.

Results

A total of 30 (25%) women relapsed. Twenty women relapsed within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy and eight in the early weeks postpartum. Severe postpartum depression symptoms (33%) were frequent in women with ED relapse; hyperemesis gravidarum (30%) was frequently present independent of the woman's relapse status.

Discussion

To prevent relapse of ED and possible consequences, attention to relapse in women in stable remission is especially important in early pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
Genome‐wide SNP identification inFraxinuslinking genetic characteristics to tolerance ofAgrilus planipennis
Authors: Hale Cecelia E. , Jordan Mark A. , Iriarte Gloria , Broders Kirk , Storer Andrew J. , Nalam Vamsi J. , Marshall Jordan M.
Published: September 2021

Ash (Fraxinusspp.) is one of the most widely distributed tree genera in North America. Populations of ash in the United States and Canada have been decimated by the introduced pestAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae; emerald ash borer), having negative impacts on both forest ecosystems and economic interests. The majority of trees succumb to attack byA. planipennis, but some trees have been found to be tolerant to infestation despite years of exposure. Restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to sequence ash individuals, both tolerant and susceptible toA. planipennisattack, in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns related to tolerance and health declines. de novo SNPs were called using SAMtools and, after filtering criteria were implemented, a set of 17,807 SNPs were generated. Principal component analysis (PCA) of SNPs aligned individual trees into clusters related to geography; however, five tolerant trees clustered together despite geographic location. A subset of 32 outlier SNPs identified within this group, as well as a subset of 17 SNPs identified based on vigor rating, are potential candidates for the selection of host tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of host tolerance through genome‐wide association has the potential to restore populations with cultivars that are able to withstandA. planipennisinfestation. This study was successful in using RAD‐sequencing in order to identify SNPs that could contribute to tolerance ofA. planipennis. This was a first step toward uncovering the genetic basis for host tolerance toA. planipennis. Future studies are needed to identify the functionality of the loci where these SNPs occur and how they may be related to tolerance ofA. planipennisattack.
Sulfoximine‐Directed Arene ortho‐Lithiation
Authors: Gais Hans‐Joachim
Published: September 2021

Sulfoximines are an interesting class of compounds, which exhibit Brønsted and Lewis basicity, nucleophilicity, C−H acidity, N−H acidity, hydrogen‐bond acceptor capability and chirality. Sulfoximines have received renewed interest in recent times, since incorporation of a sulfoximine group can provide drug candidates with favorable properties. The synthesis and N−H, α‐C−H and o‐C−H functionalization of sulfoximines are currently topics of considerable interest. This Minireview describes the sulfoximine‐directed arene ortho‐lithiation and the synthesis of ortho‐substituted S‐aryl sulfoximines. Comparison between the sulfoximine and sulfone group shows that both are equally potent directors in arene ortho‐lithiation. Double ortho‐lithiation of S‐phenyl sulfoximines affords o,o'‐dilithiosulfoximines, which undergo a stereoretentive rearrangement to o‐sulfinylanilines. S‐Phenyl sulfoximines, carrying a α‐hydrogen atom, are amendable to a selective ortho‐lithiation to give o‐lithiosulfoximines, which suffer transmetalation to the α‐lithiosulfoximines at ambient temperatures. Double lithiation of S‐phenyl N−H sulfoximines gives access to o,N‐dilithiosulfoximines, the reaction of which with biselectrophiles yields bicyclic sulfoximines.
Hydrosilylation of Alkenes Using a Hydrosiloxane as a Surrogate for Me2SiH2 and Catalyzed by a Nickel‐Pincer Complex
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Shiota Keisuke , Ishimaru Toshiya , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka
Published: September 2021

We have developed a hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes using 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as a surrogate for Me2SiH2 in the presence of NaOMe, catalyzed by a bench‐stable nickel‐pincer complex supported by a monoanionic O,N,P‐tridentate ligand. The reaction of styrene derivatives proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions to provide the hydrosilylated products in high yields with high Markovnikov selectivity. This protocol shows a wide substrate scope and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. Secondary hydrosilanes are also suitable under the present reaction conditions and furnish the desired products in high yields.
Conventional and advanced exergy analyses of an organic Rankine cycle by using the thermodynamic cycle approach
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Guoliang , Zhang Yong , Yang Shuhua , Liu Changsheng , Jia Cheng , Cui Qin
Published: September 2021

In this study, a basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is introduced in an air separation process for waste heat recovery. Conventional and advanced exergy analyses are adopted to investigate the thermodynamic properties of components in the ORC. A comprehensive thermodynamic model is constructed to improve the advanced exergy analysis in the ORC, thereby encompassing real, theoretical, unavoidable, and hybrid cycles. Nine organic working fluids are introduced to investigate the influence on the ORC performance. (1) The conventional exergy analysis reveals the following: (a) The expander constantly demonstrates the maximum exergy efficiency except when R227ea is used. (b) The evaporator constantly exhibits the maximum exergy destruction regardless of the working fluid used. (c) The maximum product exergy is obtained when R114 is used. (d) Key components must focus on the condenser and evaporator to improve the ORC performance. (2) The advanced exergy analysis reveals that the expander demonstrates maximum potential for improvement because its endogenous avoidable exergy destruction accounts for approximately 90% of its real exergy destruction for all working fluids. The expander must be improved to achieve the optimal ORC performance. The advanced exergy analysis can distinguish the source of exergy destruction and the magnitude for possible improvement via the proposed thermodynamic model in this study. The comprehensive thermodynamic model can promote the investigation of the advanced exergy analysis in the ORC. Applying conventional and advanced exergy analyses to investigate the thermodynamic performance of a system or its components is highly recommended.
Volatility spillovers in commodity futures markets: A network approach
Authors: Yang Jian , Li Zheng , Miao Hong
Published: September 2021

This study examines the volatility connectedness of commodity futures markets by decomposing connectedness at high, medium, and low frequencies using a LASSO‐VAR model. The total volatility connectedness across commodities is substantial and fluctuates within the range of 30%–60%, which is largely driven by low‐frequency volatility connectedness. Energy futures as a group and crude oil and soybeans as individual commodities play dominant roles as net senders of volatility shocks in the system of 25 commodities. Commodity volatility spillovers at medium and particularly low frequency account for over 40% of the total volatility connectedness, which can be significantly explained by economic factors related to broad economic conditions; however, this is not the case at high frequency. This finding implies that the effect of the financialization of commodities might be more limited than previously assumed.
An improved frequency compensation for three‐stageCMOSamplifier
Authors: Bahadoran Ghavam , Reza‐Alikhani Hamidreza
Published: September 2021

Multi‐stage operational amplifiers are considered as basic building blocks in modern electronics since advanced Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology limits exploiting cascode structures due to suffering from low voltage swings and the need of high gain capability. In this regard, an improved and high‐performance three‐stage CMOS amplifier is proposed in this work. The presented structure modeled mathematically and simulated via HSPICE circuit simulator with the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. An straightforward symbolic calculation is explained to obtain linear transfer function. According to the simulation results, the proposed circuit show 149 dB as DC gain while express 7.3 MHz and 380 μW as gain‐bandwidth product and power dissipation, respectively. Such a high‐performance amplifier has great potential to realize more complex analog and mixed mode signal systems such as modulators and data convertors.
HPV‐related head and neck cancers: Pathology and biology
Authors: Saliba Maelle , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin
Published: September 2021

Discovering the key role HPV plays in head and neck carcinogenesis has revolutionized our approach to cancers such as oropharyngeal carcinomas. As the role of HPV expands beyond the oropharynx, there is a pursued need to understand the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV‐driven tumorigenesis and their implications. Optimizing HPV detection methods all while acknowledging their limitations will ensure our ability to diagnose HPV‐driven neoplasia wherever clinically relevant.
3D Fractional Limb Volume Identifies Reduced Subcutaneous and Lean Mass in Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Steller Jonathan G. , Gumina Diane , Driver Camille , Palmer Claire , Brown Laura D. , Reeves Shane , Hobbins John C. , Galan Henry L.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Fetal 2D and 3D fractional limb volume (FLV) measurements by ultrasound can detect fetal lean and subcutaneous mass and possibly percent body fat. Our objectives were to 1) compare FLV measurements in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) versus small for gestational age (SGA) defined by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)‐supported international Delphi consensus and 2) correlate FLV findings with birth metrics. We hypothesize that FLV measurements will be significantly smaller in FGR versus SGA fetuses and will correlate closer with Ponderal index (PIx) in the neonate than abdominal circumference (AC).

Methods

Patients were categorized as FGR or SGA as defined by ISUOG. Total thigh volume (TTV), volumes of lean mass (LMV), and fat mass volume (FMV) were calculated from 3D acquisitions. Measurements were compared between groups and correlated with birthweight (BW) and PIx (BW/crown‐heal length).

Results

The FGR group (n = 37) delivered earlier (37/2 versus 38/0; P = .0847), were lighter (2.2 kg versus 2.6 kg; P = .0003) and had lower PIx (0.023 versus 0.025; P = .0013) than SGAs (n = 22). FGRs had reduced TTV (40.6 versus 48.4 cm3; P = .0164), FMV (20.8 versus 25.3 cm3; P = .0413), and LMV (19.8 versus 23.1 cm3; P = .0387). AC had the highest area under the curve (0.69) for FGR. FMV was more strongly associated with PIx than the AC (P = .0032).

Conclusions

The AC and FLV measurements were significantly reduced in FGR fetuses compared to SGAs. While the AC outperformed FLV in predicting FGR, the FLV correlated best with PIx, which holds investigative promise.