bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total infectome of etiology and epidemiology unravels a complex infection landscape in Chinese acute diarrheal pig herds
Authors: Sun Yankuo , Xing Jiabao , Li Yue , Xu Sijia , Wang Zhiyuan , Lin Jinsen , Cao Xinyu , Zheng Zezhong , Gong Lang , Shi Mang , Zhang Guihong
Published: March 2023

Background
Porcine diarrhea is predominantly caused by infectious pathogens, leading to decreased appetite, poor digestion, intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and weight loss. These factors significantly affect productivity and performance in modern farming systems. However, the interactions between these pathogens and their temporal-spatial dynamics, as well as their interactions with other concurrent pathogens in multiorgan complex diseases, are rarely considered. Thus, understanding the relevant etiology of these clinical manifestations is crucial.
Results
To address this gap, we used a meta-transcriptomics approach to jointly characterize the prevalence, abundance, evolutionary history, and natural diversity of a wide spectrum of pathogens within 122 cases of acute diarrhea from different pig farms, including 47 mixed group samples involving other pathological tissues. We categorized the samples into two groups: "intestine only" and "mixed tissue." We identified 43 species of pathogenic microbes, consisting of 37 species of viruses and six species of prokaryotes that contribute putatively to clinical manifestations. Evolutionary estimation revealed a highly divergent evolutionary dynamic of important swine pathogens that was previously unknown. Diversity analysis revealed that seasonal turnover was a significant factor affecting the structure of enteric pathogen populations. Correlation analysis performed on gut-only samples provided insight into the synergistic relationship between enteric pathogens. Comparative analysis of the infectome against both sampling categories mapped the heterogeneity of the pathogenic community underlying multiorgan complex diseases.
Conclusion
In summary, our meta-transcriptomics approach revealed a complex infectome of porcine diarrhea, which threatens livestock and humans. It offers valuable prior knowledge of disease interactions for veterinarians prior to clinical diagnosis. Our findings may serve as a reference for understanding microbial communities and could inform disease prevention and control strategies.
Emotion dysregulation and social communication problems may predict severity of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms among Turkish adolescents: A single-center, case-control study
Authors: Öztürk Yusuf , Özyurt Gonca , Turan Serkan , Tufan Ali Evren , Akay Aynur Pekcanlar
Published: March 2023

Studies have shown that theory of mind, emotion regulation and pragmatic abilities are negatively affected in people with OCD. We aimed to investigate ToM abilities, social responsiveness, pragmatic language, and emotion regulation skills in children with OCD, comparing them to healthy controls. This study was designed as a single-center, cross-sectional, case-control study. The participants were assessed with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) implemented by blinded professionals [32]. All participants fulfilled tests evaluating their ToM abilities via “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test” (RMET), “Faces Test”, “Faux-Pas Test”, “Comprehension Test” and “Unexpected Outcomes Test”, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Children’s Communication Checklist- Second Edition (CCC-2), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (YBOCS). Within the study period, we enrolled 85 adolescents (42 with OCD and 43 controls). The CCC-2 scores except for CCC-2 coherence subscaleand SRS-2 scale total were found to be statistically significantly elevated in the OCD group than healthy controls (p < 0.05). The OCD group performed lower in the Faux Pass, Comprehension tests than the healthy controls (p = 0.003 for both). We found a statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of the goal, strategy, non-acceptance subscales of the DERS (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, p = 0.008, respectively) and the total score of DERS (p < 0.001). YBOCS total scores correlated significantly and negatively with Comprehension test, Faux Pas test, unexpected outcomes tests, and positively with CCC total, SRS total and DERS total scores and the DERS, SRS and CCC tests emerged as significant predictors of YBOCS total score. Adolescents diagnosed with OCD face difficulties in advanced level mentalizing, various domains of language and emotion regulation. Addressing ToM, pragmatic, and ER difficulties when planning the treatment of young people with OCD may make an additional contribution to treatment.
Mind the gap between English textbooks and test papers: a corpus-based discourse from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen An
Published: March 2023

Alignment in between curriculum and assessment remains an important, yet underexplored, topic. This study critically investigates the content (mis)match between English textbooks and English exam papers in Vietnam. This study explores an open question, often claimed by the ministers as the goal of the education reforms: Does the English Examination closely follow what was set out in the current English textbooks, in terms of the lexical content? Through corpus-based discourse analysis, this study evaluates 6 English textbooks and 150 English past papers for upper secondary students in Vietnam for 3 years. Results show a downward trend in content alignment between English exam past papers and the English curriculum. A subsequent discussion of underlying causes is included, and recommendations are offered for future research.
Traction force with extracellular matrix mediated by cytoskeleton had an effect on metastasis through SLC8A1 induced Wnt-β-catenin pathway in endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Xingchen , Xu Xin , Zhou Jingyi , Wang Jianliu
Published: March 2023

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of female reproductive system. It seriously affects women's health. The mechanical characteristics of EC have not been paid noticed. However, the mechanical characteristics of different types of EC are diverse. These characteristics will greatly influence the development and prognosis of cancer cells. In this study, we explored traction force in primary EC cells and EC cell lines for the first time. It was found that the traction force of primary EC cells or cell lines with metastatic capability was lower. Various clinicopathological features of EC patients are significantly associated with traction force. In addition, we also confirmed that SLC8A1 is the main molecule which had an effect on traction force. The stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) had an influence on its downstream cytoskeleton expression through SLC8A1, thus changing the traction force and metastatic capacity of EC cells. The mechanism behind the SLC8A1 may be related to Wnt-β- catenin pathway and ion-channel activity. SLC8A1 can significantly regulate the downstream cytoskeleton F-actin and promote EC cell metastasis. Therefore, in this study, we found that SLC8A1 is an important molecule that affects the mechanical characteristics of endometrial cancer. The molecular mechanism is through changing the cytoskeleton by regulating Wnt- β- catenin pathway.
Exposure of the static magnetic fields on the microbial growth rate and sludge properties in the complete-mix activated sludge process (a Lab-scale study)
Authors: Asgari Ghorban , Seid-Mohammadi Abdolmotaleb , Shokoohi Reza , Samarghandi Mohammad Reza , Diger Glen T , Malekolkalami Behrooz , Khoshniyat Ramin
Published: March 2023

In this study, the effect of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on improving the performance of the activated sludge to enhance the microbial growth rate and improve sludge settling characteristics in the real operation conditions has been investigated. The effect of SMFs (15 mT), hydraulic retention time, the sludge age, the aeration time on mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), α-factor, and pH in the complete-mix activated sludge (CMAS) process during 30 days of the operation were evaluated. There were not any differences between the mean concentration of MLSS in the case and control samples, however, the mean concentration of MLVSS in the case (1463.4 ± 419.2 mg/L) was more than the control samples (1244.1 ± 295.5 mg/L). Changes of the concentration of MLVSS over time, follow the first and second-order reaction with and without exposure of SMFs, respectively. However, the slope of the line in the case samples was 6.255 higher than the control samples. The mean of α-factor in the case samples increased by -0.001 higher than the control samples. Changes in pH in both groups of the reactors were not observed. 15 mT intensity of SMFs can promoted oxygen transfer to the biomass and, increase the concentration of MLVSS in the aeration reactor of CMAS. SMFs have a potential to be consider as an alternative method to stimulate the microbial growth rate in the aeration reactor and produce bioflocs with higher density in CMAS.
Distribution and prevalence of ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle from North-eastern Uganda [Karamoja]; 2019-2022
Authors: Etiang Patrick , Musoba Abubakar , Nalumenya David , Ndekezi Christian , Bbira Johnson , Ochwo Sylvester , Tweyongyere Robert , Muhanguzi Dennis
Published: March 2023

Background: Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) are a significant threat to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Transhumance pastoralism practiced in Karamoja region and other factors like cattle trade, communal grazing and the presence of wildlife predispose cattle to TTBDs. Tick species abundance and distribution data can be used as a tool for early disease diagnosis and inform tick control strategies. However, these data for north-eastern Uganda are currently limited; previous surveys were relatively localized and did not consider the effect of seasonality on tick abundance.
Methods: We randomly collected tick specimens from 1,534 cattle spread across Karamoja region in both the rainy and the dry seasons. The ticks were identified using morpho-taxonomic keys and the tick species identities confirmed by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
Results: A collection of 18,637 ticks was examined and 15 tick species from three genera (10 Rhipicephalus; 3 Amblyomma; 2 Hyaloma species) were identified. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was the most dominant (37.9%) tick specie, followed by Amblyomma variegatum (32.3%); A. lepidum (17.3%); R. evertsi evertsi (7.8%); and R. decoloratus (1.4%). Eight of these tick species were ubiquitous in the study districts while six were found in isolated areas. The dry season was associated with a higher proportion of tick-infested cattle (91%) compared to the rainy season (89.8%); a difference that we did not find statistically significant (χ2 = 0.5077, n = 1385, p = 0.476). The overall cattle infestation rate was mainly dominated by 5 tick species namely: A. variegatum (55%), R. appendiculatus (53%), A. lepidum (41%), R. Evertsi (22%), and R. Decoloratus (8%). Napak and Amudat districts registered the highest (95.4% and 94.9%) and lowest (80.9% and 80.7%) cattle tick infestation rates during the rainy and dry seasons respectively. Rhipicephalus microplus was confirmed in Amudat, Kaabong and Napak districts.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates high cattle tick infestation rates by a battery of tick species in Karamoja region. We identified both R. microplus and R. decoloratus which indicates that R. microplus has recently been introduced in this region. This calls for effective tick control responses to prevent further spread of this invasive cattle tick specie.
miRNA-210 increased apoptosis of testicular tissues in cryptorchidism mice model through INHBB-Smad2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Gang , Wu Fei , He Ping , Chao Min , Zhang Yin
Published: March 2023

Background Cryptorchidism, as one of the common diseases of genitourinary abnormalities in newborn boys, has become an important factor leading to male infertility in the future. However, the specific pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The present experimental study aimed to clarify the mechanism of spermatogenic dysfunction caused by miR-210 in cryptorchidism. Methods In this study, 16 male ICR mice were classified into cryptorchidism group (n = 8), normal control group (n = 8), and the mice were killed in different age to create cryptorchidism self-control group. Then, the gene expression of miR-210 in testis tissues of three groups of mice, was detected by qPCR. HE staining and Tunel fluorescence staining were used to observe pathological changes and apoptosis of testis in cryptorchidism mice. The protein expression of INHBB was observed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, Western blot was used to detect the related proteins in the INHBB-Smad2/3-Casp3 pathway. Results The results indicated the expression of miR-210 was the most significant difference on the 14th day after cryptorchidism operation. We found that 14 days after the operation, apoptosis in the testis of cryptorchidism mice increased significantly. Finally, we found that the protein expressions of INHBB,Smad2/3, P-Smad2/3, and Caspase3 in the testicular tissues of cryptorchidism mice were significantly increased by detecting cryptorchidism mice with increased expression of miR-210. Conclusion Our results revealed the function of miR-210 and established the regulatory relationship between miR-210 and INHBB, which plays an important role in testicular tissue apoptosis.
Comparative Theoretical Study of Quinazolinone Derivatives in Different Solvents and Gas Phase. A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations
Authors: Thapa Alina , Tamang Suveksha , Chettri Kaushilaya , Biswas Joydeep
Published: March 2023

In this work, five different Quinazolinone derivatives [C14H20(CO)2N2, C14H20(CO)2N2(2-Cl), C14H20(CO)2N2(4-Cl), C14H20(CO)2N2(4-OCH3) and C14H20(CO)2N2(4-NO2)] in gas and four different solvents (chloroform, acetone, methanol and DMSO) are theoretically studied and compared using DFT, B3LYP with basis set 6-31G(d,p). SCRF (self-consistent reaction field) for solvation and TD-DFT for UV/Vis spectra were also performed. With the increasing dielectric constant of a solvent, the effects like change in polarization, dipole moment, and charge delocalization are enhanced, resulting in the molecules' stability and reactivity determination due to the influence on the energy orbitals and other different parameters. Optimization, geometrical parameter determination, FMO, MEPs, ESP with TDA analysis, electronic energy, dipole moment, polarizability, different reactivity parameter calculation concerning HOMO-LUMO observations and UV/Vis spectroscopic characterization were obtained and analyzed.
Impact of selenium nanoparticle-enriched Lactobacilli feeding against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of BALB/c mice
Authors: Esfandiari Zahra , Vakili Bahareh , Ahangarzadeh Shahrzah , Esfahani Salar Nasr , Shoaei Parisa
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of selenium nanoparticle (SeNP)-enriched Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus was studied against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection on the intestinal fragments and kidney tissue of BALB/c mice.
Gut microbiota-targeted bacteria and E. coli O157:H7 counts were obtained by qPCR and PCR.
Histology of ileum, colon, and kidney tissues and Stxs secretions were analyzed until one-week post-infection.
Mice fed with SeNP Lpb. plantarum in the pre-infection feeding groups have lower E. coli O157:H7 counts, and lower intestinal damage than the infected group.
The lowest mean fecal probiotics counts were in the L. acidophilus group (7.61 log 10). In pretreatment groups of SeNP L.acidophilus and L.acidophilus, the mean counts of bacteria decreased to 104 CFU/g by day 7. The lowest stx copy number was demonstrated in SeNP Lpb. plantarum feeding groups’ day 7 (P < 0.05).
Feeding groups with SeNP Lpb.plantarum had significantly higher members of Lactobacilli in their fecal microbiota than the control group on day 7.
It was clarified that Se-enriched Lpb. Plantarum and L. acidophilus can be useful as a method of preventing STEC infections. The viability of STEC infections exposure to selenium-enriched Lactobacillus spp. was decreased more than for non Se enriched Lactobacillus spp.
‘Retro-uncinate Superior Mesenteric Vein’ – first report of a rare congenital anomaly and possible embryological explanation
Authors: Patel Prerak , Yelamanchi Raghav , Patkar Shraddha , Dhanwate Anant D , Bhandare Manish S , Shrikhande Shailesh V , Chaudhari Vikram A
Published: March 2023

We evaluated a 61-year-old female for a periampullary cancer. The preoperative contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrated an abnormal course of superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The vein was absent from its normal location in the groove behind neck of the pancreas and anterior to the superior mesenteric artery. It was found to be coursing anomalously, posterior to the uncinate process of pancreas and on the right of superior mesenteric artery. This is probably the first report of this anomaly. We had to coin the term ‘retro- uncinate SMV’ to describe this anatomical variation. Rest of the porta structures and pancreas were found to be anatomically normal in this patient. This is a rare anomaly, probably does not have a pathological consequence and remained unreported. Congenital variations in porta structures are relatively common. Careful and thorough preoperative assessment of radiology is essential to have a roadmap to avoid injuries to such anomalous structures during surgery. Preoperative identification of this anomaly resulted in a safe pancreaticoduodenectomy in this patient. Development of portal venous system and pancreas are closely related due to their anatomical proximity. Normally, the left part of ventral pancreatic anlage regresses and right part rotates posterior to the developing SMV. Malrotation of this right ventral pancreatic anlage anterior to the developing SMV or Regression of right ventral pancreatic anlage and persistence and development of left ventral pancreatic analge anterior to the developing SMV is the only logical explanation for development of this anomaly.
Brain tumor magnetic resonance images enhanced by hybrid method based on deep learning paradigm
Authors: Gül Mehmet , Kaya Yılmaz
Published: March 2023

The development of software engineering has given very successful results in the field of medical diagnosis in recent years. Deep learning and machine learning applications give remarkable results in the detection, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of possible tumoral regions with the analysis of the obtained medical images and data mining. Studies to diagnose brain tumors are essential because of the wide variety of brain tumors, the importance of the patient's survival time, and the brain tumor's aggressive nature. Brain tumors are defined as a disease with destructive and lethal features. Detection of a brain tumor is an essential process because of the difficulty in distinguishing between abnormal and normal tissues. With the right diagnosis, the patient can get excellent treatment, extending their lifespan. Despite all the research, there are still significant limitations in detecting tumor areas because of abnormal lesion distribution. It may be challenging to locate an area with very few tumor cells because areas with such small areas frequently appear healthy. Studies are becoming more common in which automated classification of early-stage brain tumors is performed using deep learning or machine learning approaches. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning model for the detection and early diagnosis of brain tumors via magnetic resonance imaging. The dataset images were subjected to Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms. The highest accuracy rate obtained in the hybrid model created is 98.66%.
Effect of epoxidized Cassia fistula seed oil (ECFSO) on poly(vinyl chloride) films in the presence of stabilizers
Authors: Rajput Chetan V. , Mukherjee Rupa B. , Sastry Nandhibatla V. , Chikhaliya Navin P.
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Angle constrained Paths
Authors: Asaeedi Saeed , Shamaee Mahsa Soheil
Published: March 2023

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known and most widely studied problem in combinatorial optimization. The Dubins TSP is a variant of TSP for curvature-constrained vehicles. In this paper, another variant of TSP, called angle-constrained TSP, is considered for vehicles that can either move straight or turn, i.e., no voluntary curve is possible. The vehicles are only allowed to make on-the-spot turns and straight motions. We impose turn angle constraint on vehicles. Hence, some additional arbitrary points, called stop points, are added to reach an unreachable target. Here, computing the minimum number of stop points walking on the optimal TSP path is presented as the solution of angle-constrained TSP. In addition, we consider two other problems: computing an angle-constrained path on the vertices with the minimum number of stop points and computing an angle-constrained path with the minimum perimeter. In both problems, there is no need to stay on the optimal TSP path. Here, some algorithms are developed to solve these three problems and are examined on some datasets. These algorithms can be used for the path planning of robots with turn angle constraints.
Projected 2023 cost reduction from TNF-alpha inhibitor biosimilars in dermatology: a national Medicare analysis
Authors: Roster Katie , Gronbeck Christian , Feng Hao
Published: March 2023

The introduction of biosimilars for adalimumab and etanercept may yield a reduction in healthcare costs associated with biologics. With the influx of biosimilars into dermatology, it is important to recognize how utilization among dermatologists may impact costs. In this study, we referenced recent pricing and utilization trends for existing biosimilars and prescribing patterns for branded adalimumab (Humira) and etanercept (Enbrel) to estimate how utilization of biosimilars in dermatology may reduce healthcare costs. The findings suggest that these biosimilars could reduce Medicare Part D spending on biologics by $57–131 million in 2023, depending on utilization and pricing.
The Beurling theorem in space-time algebras
Authors: Tyr Othman , Daher Radouan
Published: March 2023

In this work, the space-time Fourier transform (SFT) introduced by E. Hitzer, satisfies some uncertainty principles of the algebra for space-time Cl(3,1)-valued signals over the space-time vector space R(3,1). An analog of the Beurling theorem for the (SFT) is obtained. As a straightforward consequence of Beurling's theorem, other versions of the uncertainty principle, such as the Hardy, Gelfand-Shilov, Cowling-Price and Morgan theorems are also deduced.
Exploring the Influencing Factors on Breast Self-Examination among Ethiopian Women, 2022: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hussein Dursa , Gashaw Ketema , Geleta Tinsae Abeya , Girma Derara , Geleta Leta Adugna , Oyato Befekadu Tesfaye
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the second most common cancer overall. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the cheapest methods used for the early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. However, in Ethiopia, most of thebreast self-examination studies were not conducted among women in the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the North Shewa Zone, Oromia.
Method: A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study design was conducted from May 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 46 women from four selected districts in North Shewa Zone, Oromia. A Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for FGD
Results: Four themes emerged as the results of the in- focus group discussions, namely knowledge of breast cancer, knowledge regarding breast self-examination, Perceived benefits of treatment, barriers to performing regular BSE and enablers of BSE practice.
Conclusion: The study identified and described the factors influencing BSE practice which are inadequate knowledge regarding BSE practice and BC and also, misconceptions of BC and BSE practice. So, BSE shall be encouraged by improving knowledge of BSE practice and perception of BSE practice and BC through providing special health education for women at all levels. To overcome this problem, effort is needed from health system management like, North Shewa zonal Health Office, and the regional health bureau, Health care providers, cancer associations at the regional health bureau.
Asexual reproduction of Aurelia aurita depends on the presence of a balanced microbiome at polyp stage
Authors: Jensen Nadin , Weiland-Bräuer Nancy , Joel Shindhuja , Chibani Cynthia Maria , Schmitz Ruth Anne
Published: March 2023

The Cnidarian Aurelia aurita undergoes a complex life cycle alternating between the benthic polyp to the pelagic medusa. In absence of its natural microbiome, the asexual reproduction of this jellyfish is severely comprised, with limited strobilation and ephyrae release, whereas the recolonization of sterile polyps can restore this defect. Yet, the timing and molecular consequences of the microbiome during the strobilation process had not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that a microbiota must be present at the polyp stage, before strobilation is initiated, to ensure normal asexual reproduction and a successful polyp-to-jellyfish transition. Addition of a microbiota at later stages of sterile animals failed to restore the defected process. Absence of a microbiome was accompanied with reduced transcription of developmental and strobilation genes. The transcription of strobilation genes was exclusively observed for native and recolonized polyps, pointing to the microbiome's impact on the strobilation process at the molecular level. Moreover, direct cell contact between the host and the bacteria was required for the generation of normal offspring. Overall, this study demonstrates that the timing of the host-microbe interaction in this developmental animal model is crucial, with the microbial impact being essential at the polyp stage, to ensure normal polyp-to-jellyfish transition.
WITHDRAWN: Physical and Mathematical Consistency of the Twin Cosmological Model
Authors: ZEJLI Hasnae , ZEJLI Hicham
Published: March 2023

The Janus Cosmological Model is based on a system of two coupled field equations. It explains the nature of dark matter and dark energy with negative mass and without the runaway paradox that arises in general relativity. We first recall how this system was built, from a simple Newtonian toy model to a relativistic bimetric theory, that is now improved in order to fulfill mathematical constraints and set up on a Lagrangian derivation.
Interception of Summer and Winter Insolation by Five Shade Tree Species
Authors: Gardner Timothy J. , Sydnor T. Davis
Published: March 2023

Five species of ornamental trees were examined with an Eppley pyranometer for interception of total solar radiation between 380 nm and 1100 nm. Measurements were made at the northern dripline and expressed as percentage of shade. Trees were selected for varying forms, branch, and canopy densities. Mean percentage of shade for the fully foliaged and leafless canopies, respectively, were Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ 75% and 43%, Acer rubrum ‘Red Sunset’ 69% and 25%, Zelkova serrata ‘Village Green’ 61% and 24%, Gymnocladus dioicus 60% and 15%, Gleditsia triacanthos inermis ‘Moraine’ 56% and 21%. No statistically significant (PSO.05) correlation was observed among solar radiation intercepted and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted, pathlength, silhouette area, and canopy volume. Growth habit did not affect shading capacities significantly.
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Mean Maturity Date and Uniformity in Broccoli
Authors: Hulbert S. H. , Orton T. J.
Published: March 2023

Fourteen hybrid progenies from a diallel cross of 6 commercial broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) inbreds were grown at 3 locations on 3 planting dates. The hybrids were compared for uniformity and for the average number of days to maturity. The earliness of the hybrids was predicted from the performance of the parents while their uniformity was not. Genotype × environment interactions accounted for 44.4% of the total variation in plot uniformity and indicated that replication over planting dates and locations is valuable when screening for stable and uniformly maturing hybrids.
New Mineral Names: Arsenic and Lead
Authors: Celestian Aaron J.
Published: March 2023

In this issue

This issue of New Mineral Names provides a summary of new species that contain arsenic and lead. As of November 2022, there are 1219 minerals that contain constituent arsenic or lead, which is roughly 20% of all known mineral species. These two elements are an important component in many of the newly described minerals that typically form from hydrothermal or other diagenetic processes. Here we look at nitroplumbite, thorasphite, tennantite-(Cd), paradimorphite, tombstoneite, aldomarinoite, lomardoite, dobšináite, panskyite, yugensonite, and kufahrite.
Practice Tips Session
Authors: Harris Robert
Published: March 2023

We have several practice tips on the agenda. It is a little hard to know how these are going to fit into our two-hour period, so we will present them rather rapidly.
Rumenitis, Laminitis and Hepatitis in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Wass W. M. , Ledet A. E.
Published: March 2023

Feedlot operators have shown an increasing preference for the high energy or all-concentrate method of finishing cattle. Among the factors that lead to this method of management are competitive cattle prices, high labor costs, high interest rates and a supply of relatively less expensive corn and other grains. A principal need of course is a ration that will supply the necessary nutrients for rapid gains but that can be handled entirely through a mill so as to avoid the labor needed to handle the traditional roughages.
Calculating Least Cost Balanced Rations
Authors: Horton Dallas
Published: March 2023

The first step in formulating a least cost balanced ration is to determine the requirements for the class of animals that you are trying to balance the ration. There are many references where this information can be found. An excellent reference is Applied Animal Nutrition by Crampton and Harris. This text includes tables which list the different feeds and the nutrient requirements for each class of livestock. If your client has, for example, 400 lb. steer feeder calves that he would like to grow at a pound and a half per head per day, then turn to the table on feedlot cattle and find the class and weight of livestock with this daily rate of gain.
New Concepts in Feedlot Practice
Authors: Rinker H. B.
Published: March 2023

Veterinary practice in relation to beef cattle feedlot operations has entered a new and rapidly changing era during the past few years. Today it is not at all uncommon for a single feedlot to finish out 30 thousand or more cattle annually and feedlots of 60 thousand capacity are not out of the ordinary. We can expect that such operations will become even larger in the near future. Such mammoth operations may seem startling or even frightening to the veterinary practitioner whose thoughts and concepts are geared toward problems of individual animals and comparatively small herds.
Feedlot Adaptation
Authors: Green Milton
Published: March 2023

As a veterinarian, I am quite selfish in this direction and I fully realized that the sooner I could bring an animal back up to a physiological norm, I would immediately reduce my health problems. So, we started working on this first with additives and gradually using supplement production to accomplish this. We have ended up with a complete ration for this period. I felt perhaps this may be of interest to you. Veterinarians have considered this a nutrition problem, and the nutritionist looks the other way the first few days or weeks, in a feedlot, hoping that the veterinarian will solve the problem! Due to a lack of communication, coordination, or lack of knowledge, nobody has really tackled this problem. We are having some encouraging results. It is a crude field trial where we use scales and disease incidence. Our goal here is to reduce the period of lot adaptation which is the period from purchase weight back to purchase weight. We do not weigh at any specific time. We run some test weights at the end of thirty days and calculate our average feedlot rate of gain. Day of production would be probably the most correct term.
Prevalence, Clinical aspects, Treatment and Control of Bovine Salmonellosis
Authors: Morse Erskine V. , Duncan Margo A. , Baker John S. , Amstutz H. E. , Myhrom Edith P. , Gossett Kent A.
Published: March 2023

Salmonellosis represents the most prevalent zoonotic infection of Bovidae. Approximately 111 of the over 1700 salmonellae serotypes have been found in cattle (1). Eighty-one types of Salmonella have been cultured from cattle in the U.S. (1). It may be assumed that the bovine animal is potentially susceptible to all the salmonellae which colonize lower animals. A summary of the predominant serotypes found in U.S. cattle is given in Table 1.
Postpartum Treatment and Hormone Use in the Dairy Cow
Authors: Shuler R. Riley
Published: March 2023

Reproductive problems in the recently postpartum cow are almost always associated with difficult calving and retained placenta. This paper will describe how this practitioner handles such problems and their sequelae.
Dry Cow Problems
Authors: Cox M. Douglas
Published: March 2023

I do not have anything radically new or different to offer. I will attempt to share with you some of the ideas and programs we try to accomplish in our practice with dry cow management. Dry cow management has not received the attention as have other areas of the dairy cow practice; consequently, I think the theme for this meeting is very timely.

I would state at the onset that I do not wish to lead you to believe we accomplish these things in all the herds we serve. It would be my wish that, someday, someone will come to this speaker's platform and tell me how to motivate people to try some of the things we are discussing. The problems of client education and motivation are very tough for us to deal with. We have tried every method except physical threats on our clients, and our results are not always rewarding. We certainly need help in this area of our practice. Herd size and problems have outrun the management ability in our area and this also compounds the problem-even more so with dry cow programs because clients are much more receptive to information dealing with production.

It goes without saying that nutrition and mastitis are two very important factors in dry cow management, but much more capable men than I have already covered this, so I will not try to improve on their information.

In the interest of brevity, I will present a dry cow program we are working with and trying to implement. Admittedly, some of this will be elementary, but we feel that programs must be simple, convenient, and easy for the owner to put into action or they will be a failure.
Problems Encountered with Retaining Post-Weaned Calves on Southern Farms
Authors: Blackwell Jodie G.
Published: March 2023

Economics is forcing great changes in the cattle industry. According to some feeders it is no longer possible to put large numbers of calves in feedlots in the panhandle region of Texas and the western states because the high cost of rations makes it economically unfeasible. It appears that there will be an unceasing and growing demand for grain on a world-wide basis. It is believed the present economic factors dictate that cattle will be kept on grass longer in order to make maximum untilization of the high priced grain. Research has been intensified during the last five years through the use of higher nitrogen rates, better grazing management and improved varieties of stocker calves. Thus with the advanced technology to grow cattle and forages, coupled with the favorable rainfall and winter climatic condition in the South, forage-fed beef is receiving more recognition (1,7).

Some economists predict that 60% or more of the cattle slaughtered this year will be non-grain fed animals. Many heavy steers are being sent from grass to packer. The 1974 calf slaughter was up 65% above that of 1973; included were many heavy weanling and yearling calves (6).
Opportunities and Problems of International Meat and Milk Production
Authors: Minger Walter
Published: March 2023

My discussion with you is not going to be nearly as scholarly as Dr. Mehren's. I just want to share with you some of the impressions I have gleaned from overseas, mostly in short visits, in mostly less-developed countries. There are no great conclusions that I want to draw from this but I just merely would like to share with you some of the impressions I have. Possibly out of this we'll have some indications of the opportunities there are for people in the veterinary field for doing something to enhance world food production, particularly in the lesser developed countries.
Poisonous Plants in Harvested Feeds
Authors: Fowler Murray E.
Published: March 2023

There are hundreds of plants with potential toxicity to cattle. This presentation is limited to a few that are likely to cause problems in harvested feed. Many livestock producers now buy feed from those who specialize in crop production, thus they may have minimal control over the quality of the feed.

Modern methods of feed preparation (grinding, pelleting, and cubing) may make it impossible to ascertain the presence of poisonous plants unless quality control is rigidly practiced from field to animal.
Discussion
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

For the first time in meetings that I have been to, we have looked beyond the rumen in the cow in our physiopathological appraoch. Nutritionists are now busy devising rumen bypass mechanisms with their feeding regimes. Several patented products on the market are claimed to move on through the rumen to the lower G.I. tract. Our speakers have killed some of the old wives' tales regarding the digestive tract. I am interested in the role of the ecology of the gut flora, on down, as it influences the nutritional uptake of some of these things. We have talked primarily about the wall and the organism but we have not had much research on the interface of the organism and how it lives against the wall and how it influences the physiopathology, particularly as we mass-medicate.
Immunization of Bulls for the Control of Vibriosis
Authors: Kendrick John W.
Published: March 2023

(Summarized from a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners at San Francisco, Calif., in December 1976.)

The disease we know as vibriosis is caused by the bacterium known as Campylobacter fetus. For many years this organism was known as Vibrio fetus. The subject matter of this talk on the immunization of bulls for the control of vibriosis is primarily drawn from the work of others as published in the recent veterinary literature.
Drug Interactions in the Bovine Animal
Authors: Paul John W.
Published: March 2023

The subject of drug interactions should embrace at least three facets: (1) an interaction of two or more drugs resulting in an unexpected response; (2) an interaction of one or more drugs with physiological processes in the patient, often referred to as adverse reactions; (3) an interaction of one or more drugs with laboratory tests either in vivo as a result of the drug(s) altering physiological systems or in vitro as a result of the drug(s) interfering with the chemistry of the test.
"You Can Do Something About It''
Authors: McFarland Kenneth
Published: March 2023

Dr. Kenneth McFarland, Topeka, Kansas, rendered an eloquent address, "You Can Do Something About It," to a large audience on Tuesday evening, December 13.
Welcome to Baltimore
Authors: Shanks Dr.
Published: March 2023

Welcome speech by Dr. Shanks.
Keynote Address
Authors: Sweet Orville K.
Published: March 2023

I am here because I am interested in the future of the beef industry as it relates to the economics of millions of cattlemen and the health and welfare of mankind. It has a direct and obvious relationship to you as bovine practitioners. You, as a respected leader in your community, may have the strongest influence. I am concerned today because this industry that contributes so much to the quality of life is being threatened by outside forces with which cattlemen, and the beef industry, are unable to cope.
Keynote Address
Authors: Acker Duane
Published: March 2023

Keynote speech on the higher education in veterinary science and meat animal industry.
Herd Health Presentation
Authors: MacKay R. D.
Published: March 2023

Today, I would like to discuss the programmed herd health approach under the following headings : 1) Herd Health-Definitions, Goals and Objectives. 2) Herd Health-The Total Approach. 3) Personnel Involved in the Herd Health Program. 4) Specific Areas of the Herd Health Program-Methods, Goals, Results. 5) The Role of the Veterinarian.
Practitioner's Mastitis Laboratory
Authors: Anderson Burleigh P.
Published: March 2023

Samples should be plated as soon as possible after taking; however, they may be refrigerated for a period of time prior to plating. If samples are refrigerated for a 12- to 18-hour period, many times a preincubation of samples is advisable for an hour or two prior to plating. I personally find that this procedure is unnecessary many times. I have included a handwritten sheet indicating the method I follow in inoculating the culture plate.I will concentrate primarily on reading and interpreting the results of inoculating this particular plate. There are three types of media: the bright red media is blood agar and naturally permits the growth of almost all mastitis pathogens. The purple-red media is a special strep media, permitting the growth of only streptococci. The restrictive or inhibitory nature of this medium is due to the inclusion of thallium and crystal violet in media. The clear purple-blue-colored media is a media that permits only the growth of coliform organisms.
Anesthesia in Cattle
Authors: Ames N. Kent , Reibold Thomas W.
Published: March 2023

Due to the nature of cattle, most surgical procedures can be accomplishe1 with physical restraint and local anesthesia. This is an excellent method for most surgical procedures, but what about the procedures where more complete anesthesia is desired or required? How often is a surgical procedure not performed or performed inadequately because it would require the use of general anesthesia?

First, let us look at the use of local and regional anesthesia. Local anesthetic agents prevent the conductionof nerve impulses along the nerves and thus, the patient perceives no pain.

The concepts of general anesthesia in cattle are very similar to anesthesia in other animals, except for a few species variations. Prior to anesthetizing any animal, a few precautions are necessary. A routine physical exam should be performed to determine the state of health of the animal. Particular attention should be paid to the cardiopulmonary system. Basic clinical pathology tests should be performed to obtain baseline data for the animal. These tests would include a complete blood count, serum electrolytes, minerals, blood urea nitrogen, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Animals with metabolic disturbances are poorer anesthetic risks than healthy animals.
Evolution of a Ranch Management Program Deep in the Heart of Texas
Authors: Martin Carl A.
Published: March 2023

During the ensuing years, including the 1950-56 drought, we have emphasized ranch management and improvement by reducing size and increasing the number of pastures, watering places, deferring grazing and reducing stocking rates.

In summary, now, what does all this information mean to me and how do I intend to use it?1. Historically, the profit motive is what motivates most of us to strive to do better.'Therefore, there is no room for sentimentality in an economic endeavor and certainly any livestock production program is a business operation.2. Use some form or method of identification and from this point on, many nice things can begin to happen if-and only if-we let some preconceived notions we may have had, go out the window and let Mother ature help,us.3. Set up a rigid systematic selection and culling program based upon those heritable characteristics of economic importance, because it will pay off in percent calf crop weaned and in weaning weight and quality of calves, all of which are factors which determine profit.

4. Develop two-way livestock.5. In any range breeding operation, to be successful, a conservation plan must be made and carried out to the best of one's ability under the circumstances.
Arthrodesis of the Bovine Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Greenough Paul R.
Published: March 2023

Intractable infection of the distal interphalangeal joint or of structures closely associated with that articulation is a common sequela to several diseases affecting the digital region. Amputation of the affected digit has been the most common line of treatment but is one that cannot always be justified on economic grounds. Arthrodesis of the bovine distal interphalangeal joint is a practical alternative to amputation. This paper discusses the principles involved in considering and facilitating this line of treatment.

The writer's experience in treating cases of articular or periartical infection has been encouraging. The technique varied to some extent throughout the series treated, but the most rapid resolution has beenobserved in instances in which drainage tracks were laid directly through the focus of infection. It shouldbe noted that surgical interference in cases where natural resolution is already occurring is likely to initiatean acute reaction.
For Better Health, Ship Them Full
Authors: Cope Gene E.
Published: March 2023

Shipping fever is the number one health problem confronting the stocker cattle producer. This problem increases production costs and affects the consumer as the overall costs change. Historically, records show in our area that 40% of these cattle become sick, 5% die and 1 % remains chronically ill. A question frequently asked all of you is, "How much money do I lose when an animal becomes sick?" Death loss costs are easy to figure. We know there is some loss from morbidity, but determining a dollar and cents value is difficult. In order to obtain some facts upon which to determine costs, we conducted three trials involving 224 head.
Preconditioning
Authors: Herrick John B.
Published: March 2023

The Veterinary Extension Service programmed a preconditioning program in Iowa with the Iowa Veterinary Medical Association and the Iowa Cattlemen's Association which has been available for Iowa cattlemen for the last ten years and over 600,000 calves are processed through this program annually. The program involves certifying that the calves have been weaned, vaccinated, treated for grubs, wormed and identified with a green tag. A certificate accompanies the calf. Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota also have programs underway.