bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical study of perigastric fascial space and guidance for laparoscopic approach
Authors: Jin Guoliang , Duan Shuquan , Guan Ana , Wang Zhepeng , Zhang Ranhao , Qiao Wenjuan , Wang Qiuhong , Zheng Liansheng
Published: November 2024

Objective

To study the anatomic characteristics of gastric peritoneum fascia space and provide a safe surgical approach for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

Method

The morphological characteristics of perigastric fascia and fascial space and the course of important blood vessels were observed and studied in 2 fresh adult cadavers, 5 formalin immersed cadavers and 56 patients undergoing total gastrectomy. The hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, total protein, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection and the incidence of complications before and after laparoscopic total gastrectomy with different approaches were statistically analyzed.

Results

Through dissecting the cadaver, it is found that the space of the posterior gastric fascia space is suitable for laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. The space between the prepancreatic fascia and the posterior gastric fascia is located in a plane, and the posterior gastric fascial space is connected with the gastrosplenic space and hepatogastric space. Through three different plane approaches, all can enter the space without blood vessels and nerves, so as to achieve complete gastrectomy. Statistical analysis of patients undergoing total gastrectomy with different approaches showed that there was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection and postoperative complications among the three approaches (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin and total protein (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The space of the posterior gastric fascia space is suitable for laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery.the application of the anatomical study of perigastric fascial space in laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer not only accords with the tumor-free principle of radical resection of tumor, improves the safety of operation, but also reduces the occurrence of complications such as bleeding and important organ injury.
The impact of surgical assistants on postoperative complications in robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xipeng , Lu Tong , Guo Wei , Cao Yuqin , Li Chengqiang , Li Hecheng
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study examines the impact of different surgical assistants on robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. It aims to establish a foundation for refining surgical practices and improving patient outcomes.

Methods

The study included patients aged 18–75 with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, treated at Ruijin Hospital's Department of Thoracic Surgery (May 2015–November 2023). The robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (RAILE) was executed on a cohort of 97 patients, led by a highly experienced thoracic surgeon and assisted by three additional thoracic surgeons. Postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, pulmonary and cardiac events, as well as hemorrhages, were assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification. The da Vinci Surgical System was used, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0, with P = 0.05 as the significance threshold.

Results

Of the 97 patients, 50 were in Group A, 23 in Group B, and 24 in Group C. No major differences were found in anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, pneumothorax, severe cardiac complications, chylothorax, and vocal cord paralysis. Assistant C recorded a higher frequency of pleural effusion (45.8%) vs. Assistants A (16.0%) and B (21.7%). The duration of hospital stay was similar across groups, with median durations of 10 days for A, 8 days for B, and 10 days for C.

Conclusion

The study found no significant overall impact of different surgical assistants on postoperative complications in robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. However, pleural effusion rates varied, possibly due to surgical procedure and patient's condition and may be relevant to the assistant's procedure. Future research should involve larger, more varied samples to further validate and refine these findings.
Patient-specific 3D-printed nasopharyngeal stents in dogs: a cadaveric pilot study
Authors: Sutter Craig , Hardy Brian , Lucero Steven , Johnson Lynelle , Culp William
Published: November 2024

Background

Currently available treatment options for nasopharyngeal stenosis and imperforate nasopharynx in dogs and cats are fraught with complications and failures.

Objective

To develop patient-specific nasopharyngeal stents using 3D-printed molds and to assess placement and fit of stents within the nasopharynx.

Animals

Six canine cadavers.

Methods

Patient-specific nasopharyngeal silicone stents were generated using 3D-printed molds based on CT scans. A placement protocol was developed. Post-placement, goodness of fit within the nasopharynx was evaluated and compared to currently used methods. Mechanical properties of silicone stents were compared to catheter-based and nitinol stents.

Results

Development and placement of stents was successful in all six cadavers. Silicone stents offered stiffness (force required for compression, N) and post-load deformation comparable to nitinol stents (1.8–6.2 vs. 1.2–3.3 N and 0.02–0.08 vs. 0.01–0.14 mm, respectively). Patient-specific stents offered superior goodness of fit in the nasopharynx (81–90%) compared to bilateral red rubber catheters (16.2–33.8%).

Conclusion

Development and placement of patient-specific stents using 3D printed molds was successful in all six cadavers. The novel stents exhibited similar mechanical properties and superior goodness of fit compared to commercially available stents, potentially offering a better alternative to commercially available stents. Further investigation is needed in animals with nasopharyngeal stenosis to determine efficacy and to assess utility in live patients.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of myofiber development in male and female black Muscovy duck at different ages
Authors: Zhang Weihong , Zou Mengyun , Xiong Xiaolan , Wei Yue , Ke Changling , Li Haiqin , Xie Jinfang , Wei Qipeng , Huang Jiangnan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Sexual dimorphism in Muscovy ducks results in substantial differences in muscle development potential between males and females, leading to significant variations in growth rates and body weights throughout their development.

Methods

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in muscle development between genders in black Muscovy ducks, we analyzed the phenotypic characteristics and transcriptome profiles of breast muscles in male and female black Muscovy ducks at different developmental stages (postnatal days 28, 42, and 70).

Results

In the analysis of tissue physical morphology, the results showed that females exhibit larger myofiber diameters and lower myofiber densities compared to males at postnatal day 42 (p < 0.05). The difference becomes more pronounced by day 70, however, no significant difference was observed at postnatal day 28. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 1,118 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the various comparison groups. In different growth and development stages of black Muscovy ducks, the DEGs like MYLK4, KIT, CD36, ATP2A1 were significantly associated with myofiber hypertrophy, and key pathways such as AMPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactions have been found to be closely associated with muscle size and hypertrophy. In the breast muscles of different sexes black Muscovy ducks, the DEGs such as TPM2, HNRNPK, VCP, ATP2A2, and ANKRD1 may be the reason for the difference in breast muscle size between male and female ducks. Furthermore, key pathways, including the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are also involved in regulating the developmental potential differences in muscle between male and female ducks.

Discussion

This study reveals the molecular mechanism regulating the muscle development in male and female black Muscovy ducks at different growth stages, and provides valuable insights into the specific genes responsible for muscle development, laying a theoretical foundation for enhancing the genetic quality of duck meat.
Complex patterns of WNV evolution: a focus on the Western Balkans and Central Europe
Authors: Šolaja Sofija , Goletić Šejla , Veljović Ljubiša , Glišić Dimitrije
Published: November 2024

Introduction

West Nile Virus, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, has been circulating in Serbia for over a decade, with its first detection in mosquitoes in 2010. Since then, the virus has led to increasing cases in both animals and humans, peaking in 2018 with 415 human cases and 36 fatalities. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic relationships between previously sequenced West Nile virus strains from Serbia and those sequenced in this study, while also identifying possible virulence factors.

Materials and methods

Whole genome sequencing was conducted using a targeted approach on the MinION Mk1C platform, following a two-step process involving cDNA synthesis and amplification. Bioinformatics analysis included demultiplexing, primer trimming, and sequence mapping using tools such as iVar, Minimap2, and Samtools. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MAFFT alignment and the Maximum Likelihood method with the Tamura Nei model in MEGA X software. Virulence factors were assessed in both structural and nonstructural proteins, focusing on key glycosylation motifs and specific mutations. Homology modeling of the E protein was also performed to evaluate potential structural changes due to mutations.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major sublineages within the E subclade, representing the majority of strains from Western and Central Europe. These sublineages likely originated from Austria, Serbia, and Hungary between 2008 and 2012. The study also identified three distinct sublineages within the D subclade, which includes more diverse strains from Southern Europe. The E protein exhibited significant variations, particularly at the E159 site, which is crucial for virulence. The EI159T aa change has become dominant in recent years, replacing the previously prevalent EI159M. Additionally, changes in the NS1 glycoprotein and NS3 protein, both of which are involved in immune modulation and viral replication, were identified, with potential implications for the virus’s virulence.

Conclusion

The study’s findings highlight the Western Balkans and Central Europe as key regions for the mixing and dissemination of West Nile virus strains from both Western-Central and Southern Europe. These results underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and phylogenetic analysis to monitor the evolution and spread of West Nile virus, particularly in light of the frequent mutations observed in virulence-associated sites.
Abundance of Human Pathogenic Microorganisms in the Halophyte Salicornia europaea L.: Influence of the Chemical Composition of Shoots and Soils
Authors: Marangi Matteo , Szymanska Sonia , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Beske Felix , Jandl Gerald , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna , Pétillon Julien , Baum Christel , Leinweber Peter
Published: November 2024

Salicornia europaea L. is a halophilic plant species belonging to Chenopodiaceae, whose shoots are used as a vegetable. Since the shoots can be eaten raw, the objective of the present study was to investigate possible controls on the abundance of human pathogenic microorganisms (HPMOs) in the shoots as a health risk. For this reason, the molecular-chemical composition of shoots, site-specific soil organic matter (bulk and rhizosphere), and soil pH and salinity were analyzed. Plant and soil samples were taken from two test sites with differing salinity levels in France (a young and an old marsh). We hypothesized that the chemical traits of plants and soils could suppress or promote HPMOs and, thus, serve as risk indicators for food quality. The chemical traits of shoots and bulk and rhizosphere soil were measured through thermochemolysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The densities of cultivable HPMOs (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes) were determined in plant shoots, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil using selective media. Negative correlations between lignin content in the shoots and the abundance of S. enterica, as well as between lignin content in bulk soil and the abundance of E. coli, are explained by the lignin-based rigidity and its protective effect on the cell wall. In the shoot samples, the content of lipids was positively correlated with the abundance of E. coli. The abundance of E. coli, S. enterica, and L. monocytogenes in bulk soil decreased with increasing soil pH, which is linked to increased salinity. Therefore, soil salinity is proposed as a tool to decrease HPMO contamination in S. europaea and ensure its food safety.
Occurrence and Genotypic Identification of Blastocystis spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Bamaxiang Pigs in Bama Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Yu Xingang , Mu Xuanru , Yuan Kaijian , Wang Sifan , Li Yilong , Xu Hui , Li Qiaoyu , Zeng Wenjing , Li Zhili , Guo Jianchao , Hong Yang
Published: November 2024

Blastocystis spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common intestinal pathogens capable of infecting both humans and animals, which lead to severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases, posing a threat to public health. The Bamaxiang pig, a specialty of Bama Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi Province, China, is an important local breed in the regional pork market and an excellent model animal for biomedical research. Currently, no data is available on the prevalence or genotype distribution of these pathogens in Bamaxiang pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis spp. and E. bieneusi in three Bamaxiang pig farms located in Bama Yao Autonomous County, using molecular techniques based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene fragment of Blastocystis spp. and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of E. bieneusi. All positive PCR products from the 311 fecal samples were sequenced to identify the species and genotypes of these organisms. The overall infection rates of Blastocystis spp. and E. bieneusi were 34.08% (106/311) and 18.32% (57/311), respectively. Three subtypes of Blastocystis spp. were detected: ST1 (n = 8), ST3 (n = 3), and ST5 (n = 95). Among them, zoonotic ST5 was the dominant genotype, accounting for 89.62% (95/106) of strains, followed by the genotypes ST1 (7.54%, 8/106) and ST3 (2.83%, 3/106). Two genotypes of E. bieneusi were detected: EbpC (n = 52) and CHG23 (n = 5), with EbpC being the dominant genotype. The human-pathogenic subtypes (ST1, ST3, and ST5) and genotypes (EbpC, CHG23) that were observed in this study indicate a potential threat to public health. Our findings offer basic information for preventing and controlling these zoonotic pathogens in the study area. Additional investigations are necessary to better understand their genetic characteristics and zoonotic potential within Guangxi Province.
Brighton v RSPCA NSW: Appeals and Lessons Four Years On
Authors: Jurd Kathryn , Riley Sophie
Published: November 2024

Animal law has the potential to initiate improvements for animal wellbeing. However, this largely depends on how effectively the law bridges the legal chasm between animal welfare and animal suffering, a chasm the authors refer to as the welfare gap. When the law does not adequately address this gap, where regulation subordinates animal interests to human interests, it results in weak animal protection that does little more than regulate to a standard that avoids a life not worth living. The authors analyse a series of cases involving the RSPCA and Brighton, in which Brighton was charged with serious animal cruelty pursuant to s 530 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW). He stabbed a dog with a pitchfork; after failing to kill the dog, he suspended it from a tree branch by a leash attached to its collar and struck the dog several times on the head with a mallet, finally killing him. Brighton was found guilty in the NSW Local Court and appealed to the NSW Supreme Court, where Rothman J allowed the appeal, holding that Brighton had exterminated a pest animal. This led to protracted litigation, including to the NSW Court of Appeal, a second hearing in the Local Court and a further appeal to the Supreme Court. In August 2020, Sophie Riley published a case note and commentary on the litigation up to the Rothman J appeal. This paper evaluates the litigation that followed, identifying how regulatory failures have entrenched the welfare gap. Regulatory failures include inadequate and aged legislative protections for a confined subset of animals. In NSW, animal sentience is not enshrined in legislation; the law limits the types of animals protected by anti-cruelty law; fundamental statutory language remains undefined, for example terms such as “pest animal” and “exterminate”; and challenges abound for adducing sufficient evidence to prove subjective criminal intent. These deficiencies pose significant challenges for practitioners and judicial officers, particularly when complex statutory interpretation is required in the busy and fast-paced summary jurisdiction. This paper concludes that legislators should consider modernising the law, removing ambiguity, and settling minimum standards for a good life for animals, taking into account the welfare aspects described in Mellor’s Five Domains model.
Limited Experimental Susceptibility of Post-Smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to an Emergent Strain of Vibrio Anguillarum Serotype O3
Authors: Lifgren Demitri , Turner Sarah M. , Welch Timothy J. , Bouchard Deborah , Polinski Mark P.
Published: November 2024

Preliminary evidence has showed an emergent serotype O3 (SO3) strain of Vibrio anguillarum to cause mortality in pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by injection with >105 colony forming units (cfus). Here, we sought to identify the susceptibility of Atlantic salmon post-smolts to this emergent strain by both injection and cohabitation to better understand transmission risk within cultured salmon and possibly between salmon and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), where this strain was identified. We identified that although mortality could be induced with a high-dose (>106 cfus) intraperitoneal injection of the emergent SO3 strain (cumulative mortality of 40%), post-smolt Atlantic salmon were highly refractory to a low dose (<106 cfus; cumulative mortality of 3%) or cohabitation exposure (no mortality). A qPCR assay targeting this strain was developed and analytically validated, revealing the limited presence of bacterial DNA in the spleen of low-dose-injected fish (2/36) and no detections in sampled cohabitants (0/70) across three timepoints during the 27-day challenge. These results suggest that although Atlantic salmon can succumb to high-dose artificial infections with V. anguillarum SO3, the risk of natural transmissibility and susceptibility of Atlantic salmon to this emergent strain is anticipated to be low.
Extreme Temperature Index in China from a Statistical Perspective: Change Characteristics and Trend Analysis from 1961 to 2021
Authors: Wang Xulei , Wu Lifeng , Liu Huiying
Published: November 2024

Against the backdrop of intensified global climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in mainland China continue to rise due to its unique topography and complex climate types. In-depth research on the trends and impacts of climate extremes can help develop effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to protect the environment and enhance social resilience. In this research, temperature data from 2029 meteorological stations for the period 1961–2021 were used to study 15 extreme temperature indices and 3 extreme composite temperature indices. Linear propensity estimation and the Mann–Kendall test were applied to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in extreme temperatures in China, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to reveal the relationship between these indices and atmospheric circulation. The results show that in the past 60 years, the extreme temperature index in China has shown a trend of decreasing low-temperature events and increasing high-temperature events; in particular, the increase in warm nights is significantly higher than that of warm days. In terms of spatial distribution, daily maximum temperature less than the 10th percentile (TX10P) and daily minimum temperature greater than the 90th percentile (TN90P) increased significantly in the warm temperate sub-humid (WTSH) region, north subtropical humid (NSH) region, and marginal tropical humid (MTH) region, whereas frost days (FD0) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased significantly. In the extreme composite temperature index, extreme temperature range (ETR) showed a downward trend, while compound heatwave (CHW) and compound heatwave and relative humidity (CHW-RH20) increased, with the latter mainly concentrated in the WTSH and NSH regions. Correlation analysis with climate oscillation shows that Arctic Oscillation (AO), Atlantic Multiannual Oscillation (AMO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are positively correlated with extremely high temperatures, whereas North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are negatively correlated.
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
Authors: Jachman-Kapułka Justyna , Zińczuk Aleksander , Simon Krzysztof , Rorat Marta
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing constant mutation. New strains vary in neuropathogenicity and the neurological spectrum of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of neurological manifestations during the Omicron dominance among hospitalized patients, including the differences between three subsequent periods. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 426 hospitalized adults with confirmed COVID-19 divided into three periods (O1, O2, and O3) dependent on the dominance of Omicron subvariants in Poland. Demographic and clinical data, in particular neurological manifestations, were collected and compared. Results: The median age of the group was 74, older in subsequent (later) periods. The number of patients with a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination increased with the duration of the pandemic. The severity of COVID-19 became lower in successive periods. Neurological manifestations were observed in 55.4% of patients, and the most frequent were delirium, headache, myalgia, dizziness, cerebrovascular diseases, and encephalopathy. In subsequent periods of Omicron dominance, a higher frequency of neurological manifestations such as delirium, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and encephalopathy was observed. Headache or myalgia was related to a shorter hospitalization while delirium, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic stroke were linked with an increased risk of death. Conclusions: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 presents a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations. Although there is an improvement in the survival rate of patients with COVID-19, the frequency of neurological manifestations increases. The occurrence of delirium, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic stroke results in higher mortality.
Big Data in Leadership Studies: Automated Machine Learning Model to Predict Preferred Leader Behavior Across Cultures
Authors: Lankut Erik , Warner-Søderholm Gillian , Alon Ilan , Minelgaité Inga
Published: November 2024

With global leadership as the new norm, discussion about followers’ preferred leader behaviors across cultures is growing in significance. This study proposes a comprehensive predictive model to explore significant preferred leadership factors, drawn from the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQXII), across cultures using automated machine learning (AML). We offer a robust empirical measurement of culturally contingent leader behavior and entrepreneurship behaviors and provide a tool for assessing the cultural predictors of preferred leader behavior to minimize predictive errors, explore patterns in the data and make predictions in an empirically robust way. Hence, our approach fills a gap in the literature relating to applications of AML in leadership studies and contributes a novel empirical method to better predict leadership preferences. Cultural indicators from Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior (GLOBE) predict the likelihood of the preferred leader behaviors of “Role Assumption”, “Production Emphasis” and “Initiation of Structure”. Hofstede’s Long-Term/Short-Term Orientation is the most critical predictor of preferences for “Tolerance of Uncertainty” and “Initiation of Structure”, whereas the value of restraint impacts the likelihood of preferring leaders with skills in “Integration” and “Consideration”. Significant entrepreneurial values indicators have a significant impact on preferences for leaders focused on “Initiation of Structure”, “Production Emphasis” and “Predictive Accuracy”. Findings also support earlier studies that reveal age and gender significantly impact our preferences for specific leader behaviors. We discuss and offer conclusions to support our findings that foster development of global business managers and practitioners.
Association of HLA-G Expression, Its Genetic Variants and Related Neuro-Immunomodulation with Characteristics of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Durmanova Vladimira , Mikolaskova Iveta , Zsemlye Eszter , Ocenasova Agata , Bandzuchova Helena , Suchankova Magda , Kollarik Boris , Palacka Patrik , Zvarik Milan , Bucova Maria , Hunakova Luba
Published: November 2024

Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is an immune checkpoint molecule with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. It belongs to class I non-classical major histocompatibility complex molecules and has been upregulated in various cancer types. In bladder cancer (BC) tumors, the association of HLA-G with cancer progression has to be explained. Methods: A total of 89 BC patients and 74 control subjects were genotyped for the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism. In urine cell samples, HLA-G mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) serum levels were measured by ELISA. The associations between the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism, HLA-G mRNA expression, and/or sHLA-G levels and selected variables including tumor grade, disease stage, body mass index, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were evaluated. Results: The protective HLA-G 14 bp ins/ins genotype under the recessive genetic model was associated with lower HLA-G mRNA expression in the BC group (p = 0.049). Significantly higher HLA-G mRNA expression was detected in patients with pT2 + pT3 as compared to those with pTa + pT1 stages (p = 0.0436). Furthermore, higher HLA-G mRNA expression was observed in high-grade muscle-infiltrating BC (MIBC) than in the low-grade non-MIBC group (p = 0.0365). Patients with a level of sHLA-G above 29 U/mL had shorter disease-free survival than patients with lower sHLA-G levels. Furthermore, the opposite HRV correlations with sHLA-G levels in BC patients as compared to controls probably reflect the different roles of HLA-G in health and cancer. Conclusions: Our results suggest the impact of the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del variant, HLA-G expression, and autonomic nervous system imbalance on advanced stages of BC.
BCL2i-Based Therapies and Emerging Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Li Wing Fai , Atalla Eleftheria , Dong Jiaxin , Konopleva Marina
Published: November 2024

Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 is a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Therapeutic activation of apoptosis in cancer cells using the BCL-2 inhibitor (BCL2i) venetoclax has shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, both as monotherapy and combination regimens. However, patients with CLL experience a highly variable clinical course, facing significant challenges in advanced stages due to disease relapse and the emergence of resistant clones. Resistance mechanisms include acquired BCL-2 mutations, alteration of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic changes, and aberrant signaling pathways. To address this complex disease and improve progression-free survival, strategies targeting multiple signaling pathways and mechanisms have been explored. Randomized clinical trials of venetoclax in combination with Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors or CD20 monoclonal antibodies have significantly outperformed traditional chemoimmunotherapy in both treatment-naïve and relapsed patients, achieving undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) and durable remissions. This review explores the intricate balance between BCL-2 family proteins and their role in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, discusses venetoclax resistance mechanisms, and highlights the evolving role of venetoclax and other BCL2i-based combination therapies in CLL treatment.
Application of Resistometric Sensors for Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring of Coated Materials
Authors: Popova Kateryna , Montemor Maria Fátima , Prošek Tomáš
Published: November 2024

Highly sensitive resistometric sensors were applied for the real-time corrosion monitoring of carbon steel protected with a polyolefin coating with and without an inhibitor under static and dynamic atmospheric and immersion conditions. The results were compared with conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. An increase in the coating thickness from 20 µm to 50 µm and an addition of 1wt.% tannic acid significantly improved the coating corrosion stability. Based on the real-time corrosion data, the drying stage of atmospheric exposure in a chloride-rich environment was found to be the most critical. The highest corrosion rate was detected at 50% relative humidity when the electrolyte corrosiveness in coating defects reached the maximum. Resistometric sensors have the potential to become an interesting alternative for evaluating coating performance and degradation mechanisms in both laboratory and industrial applications.
Preparation and Properties of Thick Tungsten Coating Electrodeposited from Na2WO4-WO3-KCl-NaF Molten Salt System
Authors: Li Yusha , Dong Xiaoxu , Liu Qing , You Yajie , Gao Zeyu , Zhang Yingchun
Published: November 2024

The pulsed current electrodeposition method was employed for the first time to achieve tungsten coating with a thickness of 433.72 μm on a CuCrZr alloy from Na2WO4-WO3-KCl-NaF molten salt. The microstructure of the coating was observed and the coating density, porosity, hardness, bonding strength, residual stress and oxygen content were tested. The results revealed that the tungsten coating exhibited desirable characteristics such as high density, absence of impurities, excellent adhesion to the matrix (53.16 MPa), residual compressive stress as surface stress, and good stability and durability. Moreover, this thick tungsten coating possesses high density and hardness, low oxygen content and porosity. This offers a novel solution to solve the challenging issue of the connection between tungsten material and heat sink material.
Methodology for the Monitoring and Control of the Alterations Related to Biodeterioration and Physical-Chemical Processes Produced on the Paintings on the Ceiling of the Polychrome Hall at Altamira
Authors: Prada Alfredo , Bayarri Vicente
Published: November 2024

On the surface of the Cave of Altamira’s prehistoric paintings, a series of active deterioration processes are evident, leading to significant alterations of this invaluable heritage. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology for the systematic recording and management of these alterations. To achieve this, advanced microphotogrammetric monitoring techniques are employed, allowing for the acquisition of very high-resolution images that provide objective and quantifiable data that let us determine the evolution of the alterations. By comparing these images with those from earlier campaigns, the study tracks changes. The data collected through this protocol has helped with the development of new research avenues to understand, among the many alteration processes that impact paintings, the dynamics of water and fluid mechanics affecting the conservation of Cave of Altamira. These investigations help clarify how, why, and at what rate degradation processes such as pigment migration, washing, and bacterial colonization occur. The insights gained from these techniques inform indirect conservation measures aimed at reducing the deterioration of the cave art, located both on the Polychrome ceiling and throughout the rest of the Cave of Altamira. The results underline the importance of regular monitoring and the application of precise, non-invasive techniques to protect rock art from continued degradation. This research provides a model for similar conservation initiatives at other vulnerable heritage sites.
Supported and Free-Standing Non-Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Activity in Hydroconversion of Asphaltenes into Light Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kustov Leonid , Tarasov Andrei , Kartavova Kristina , Khabashesku Valery , Kirichenko Olga , Kapustin Gennady , Kustov Alexander , Abkhalimov Evgeny , Ershov Boris
Published: November 2024

The hydroconversion of asphaltenes into light hydrocarbons catalyzed by supported and free-standing non-noble metal nanoparticles was studied. The activity of Ni or Co immobilized on microspherical oxide carriers and Co nanoparticles dispersed in a hydrocarbon solution of asphaltene was found to be higher than that of a comparative Pt-Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The yield of light products (C5+) reached up to 91% on cobalt nanoparticles supported onto alumina microspheres.
Thermal Regulation of the Acoustic Bandgap in Pentamode Metamaterials
Authors: Cheng Jing , Liang Shujun , Chu Yangyang
Published: November 2024

This study used the finite element method to investigate the acoustic bandgap (ABG) characteristics of three-dimensional pentamode metamaterial (PM) structures under the thermal environment, and a method for controlling the PM ABG based on external temperature variation is also proposed. The results indicate that the complete acoustic bandgap can be obtained for a PM in the thermal environment, which makes the PM combine the bandgap characteristics of phononic crystals. More than that, the bandwidth and locations of ABGs can be effectively manipulated by controlling the temperature. Considering the softening effect of thermal stresses, the ABG gradually moves to lower frequencies as the temperature increases. Based on this, different degrees of ABG tunability can be achieved by changing the thermal environment to propagate or suppress acoustic waves of different frequencies. This work provides the possibility for PMs to realize intelligent regulation of the bandgap.
The Pushback Against Canada’s Carbon Pricing System: A Case Study of Two Canadian Provinces, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia
Authors: Hughes Larry , Landry Sarah
Published: November 2024

As part of its plan to transition to an energy secure and environmentally sustainable future, Canada has had a national carbon pricing system since 2019. When first introduced, the $20 (‘$’ refer to Canadian dollars (CAD) in this paper) per tonne price was widely accepted by most Canadians and seen as a way of helping Canada meet its emissions reduction pledges made at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) in Paris. The Canadian system is novel in that it both charges consumers for their emissions and reimburses them for their expected emissions; this is intended to raise awareness of their emissions and encourage those who can afford to opt for lower-emissions energy services to do so. By 2023, the combination of the carbon price reaching $65 per tonne and the post-pandemic economic slowdown was seized on by numerous politicians as a way of pushing back against the carbon pricing system, with most demanding the entire system be scrapped. The debate intensified in late 2023 and into 2024, when the federal government removed the carbon tax on home heating oil because the reimbursement was insufficient to cover the cost of the tax. In this paper, we consider the recent actions of two Canadian provinces, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, embroiled in the federal carbon pricing system debate due to the removal of the carbon tax on fuel oil for space heating. The objective of this paper is to identify how some of the reasons, including global post-pandemic inflation and other challenges facing Canadians, such as those cited in third-party polls, have contributed to a rise in the system’s unpopularity. Our method estimates and compares the impacts of the carbon tax on the household energy services for space and water heating, lighting and appliances, and private (i.e., household) transportation for different types of housing (apartment, single-attached, and single-detached) and number of occupants (two, three, and four) in Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia. The results of this work show that while Saskatchewan households have higher energy intensities than those in Nova Scotia, the impact of the carbon tax on Nova Scotians using fuel oil for heating was greater than in Saskatchewan. In Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, natural gas and electricity, respectively, are used for heating. This paper concludes with a summary of our findings and potential options for improving perceptions of the system.
Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Complete Chloroplast Genome of Shizhenia pinguicula (Orchidaceae: Orchideae)
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zhao Yanlin , Yan Quan , Wu Wei , Lin Qingqing , Chen Guoqiang , Zheng Yanfang , Huang Mingqing , Fan Shiming , Lin Yanxiang
Published: November 2024

Background: Genomic analysis is crucial for better understanding the evolutionary history of species and for their conservation. Shizhenia pinguicula is a rare medicinal plant endemic to China. However, the complete chloroplast genome of this species has not been reported to date. Insufficient genomic research on S. pinguicula has hindered effective conservation efforts for this valuable plant. Methods: In this study, we sequenced and assembled the first complete chloroplast genome of S. pinguicula using Illumina sequencing technology. We conducted a comparative analysis of its chloroplast genome with related species and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships. Results: The chloroplast genome of S. pinguicula exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with a length of 158,658 bp. A total of 123 genes, 118 simple sequence repeats, and 51 dispersed repetitive sequences were identified. The inverted repeat boundaries were significantly expanded, along with the pseudogenization and loss of multiple NDH genes. Codon usage bias is primarily influenced by natural selection and other factors, with the ycf3 gene under positive selection. Additionally, 10 hypervariable regions were detected for species identification and evolutionary studies. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Ponerorchis gracilis and Hemipilia yajiangensis form a clade, with S. pinguicula as their sister species, located at the basal position of the Ponerorchis-Hemipilia alliance. Conclusions: The chloroplast genome structure and gene content of S. pinguicula exhibit certain degrees of variation compared to other species within the Orchidinae subtribe. This genome should be useful for further investigations into the biology of Shizhenia and the development of biodiversity conservation strategies.
Efficacy of Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Stem Cell Transplant-Ineligible Patients Aged over 65 Years: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Yamasaki Satoshi , Hashiguchi Michitoshi , Yoshida-Sakai Nao , Jojima Hiroto , Osaki Koichi , Okamura Takashi , Imamura Yutaka
Published: November 2024

Background: The development of newer agents, including anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), has significantly improved overall survival (OS) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, the treatment of older patients with RRMM who are transplant-ineligible remains challenging. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated OS in 78 transplant-ineligible patients with RRMM who were aged ≥ 65 years and treated at our institution between February 2012 and November 2023. Results: Unadjusted OS was significantly longer in the anti-CD38 mAb-exposed group (i.e., those previously treated with daratumumab and receiving isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone because of disease progression during treatment with daratumumab [n = 6], daratumumab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone [n = 9], or isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone without daratumumab-exposure [n = 14]) than in the anti-CD38 mAb-naïve group (no exposure to daratumumab or isatuximab [n = 49]) (p < 0.001). To address potential confounder factors associated with use or nonuse of anti-CD38 mAbs, we performed propensity score matching (PSM) using age, sex, performance status, and Geriatric 8 and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores. PSM identified 14 subjects from the anti-CD38 mAb-exposed group with baseline characteristics similar to those of 14 subjects from the anti-CD38 mAb-naïve group. After PSM, the adjusted OS was significantly longer in the anti-CD38 mAb-exposed group than in the anti-CD38 mAb-naïve group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings provide insights into the optimal use of anti-CD38 mAbs in patients with RRMM who are transplant-ineligible and aged ≥65 years and on candidates who are appropriate for novel approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell or bispecific T-cell engager therapy.
Toxicity of Eight Insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and Its Pupal Parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae
Authors: Gao Huanhuan , Wang Yan , Chen Peng , Zhang Ansheng , Zhou Xianhong , Zhuang Qianying
Published: November 2024

The pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) has been evaluated as a biological agent of Drosophila suzukii. Integrated pest management strategies mostly rely on combined application of multiple insecticides and natural enemies. This study assessed the toxicity of eight common insecticides against D. suzukii in fruit orchards and the effects of semilethal and sublethal doses on T. drosophilae. The eight insecticides had higher toxicities to D. suzukii larvae with lower LC50 values than those for adults. Adults and larvae showed high susceptibility to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and sophocarpidine. The median lethal doses (LC50) of lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid to T. drosophilae adults were 60.41 mg/L and 100.58 mg/L, higher than the toxicities of the other six insecticides. Applying chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, sophocarpidine, abamectin, azadirachtin, and spinetoram resulted in low toxicity to D. suzukii pupae. However, the exposure of D. suzukii pupae or larvae to these insecticides at semilethal and sublethal doses decreased the parasitism or eclosion rate of T. drosophilae. These results improve our understanding of the effects of insecticide residues on T. drosophilae development and provide a basis for the combined use of chemical and biological options for managing D. suzukii.
Interplay Between Online and Offline Realms: Examining Influencers’ Impact and Ripple Effects on Beauty Product Sales
Authors: Sim Hee-Jin , Kim Ahyun , Kim Sang-Soo
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the quality of beauty product reviews as online information, aiming to determine their impact on encouraging continued product purchases by users and to explore the simultaneous ripple effects. This study derived a total of 9 hypotheses, examining the relationship between online review information quality, product purchase, and influencers who create reviews, using the expectation confirmation model and the quality–value–satisfaction–loyalty mechanism. Simultaneously, this study sought to examine the process by which the formation of trust in influencers impacts the intention to purchase other products they recommend. The research results indicate that online review quality positively influences perceived value, satisfaction, and repurchase intention when the expectations for a product match reality. Furthermore, both the confirmation of online reviews and satisfaction with the product facilitate the transition from online to offline and back, which in turn generates ripple effects. The results of this study not only add clarity to the interrelationship between online and offline contexts but also provide implications for businesses in formulating strategies to leverage influencers for product sales.
Studies on 1D Electronic Noise Filtering Using an Autoencoder
Authors: Perotoni Marcelo Bender , Lucio Lincoln Ferreira
Published: November 2024

Autoencoders are neural networks that have applications in denoising processes. Their use is widely reported in imaging (2D), though 1D series can also benefit from this function. Here, three canonical waveforms are used to train a neural network and achieve a signal-to-noise reduction with curves whose noise energy is above that of the signals. A real-world test is carried out with the same autoencoder subjected to a set of time series corrupted by noise generated by a Zener diode, biased on the avalanche region. Results showed that, observing some guidelines, the autoencoder can indeed denoise 1D waveforms usually observed in electronics, particularly square waves found in digital circuits. Results showed an average of 2.8 dB in the signal-to-noise ratio for square and triangular waveforms.
Computer Vision-Based Research on the Mechanism of Stick–Slip Vibration Suppression and Wear Reduction in Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearing by Surface Texture
Authors: Zhu Anbang , Ji Ao , Sheng Longyang , Zhu Dequan , Zheng Quan , Zhou Xincong , Wang Jun , Kuang Fuming
Published: November 2024

Water-lubricated rubber bearings are a critical component of the propulsion systems in underwater vehicles. Particularly under conditions of low speed and high load, friction-induced vibration and wear often occur. Surface texturing technology has been proven to improve lubrication performance and reduce friction and wear; however, research on how different texture parameters affect friction-induced vibration and wear mechanisms remains insufficient. In this study, various texture patterns with different area ratios and aspect ratios were designed on the surface of water-lubricated rubber bearings. By combining these designs with an in situ observation system based on computer vision technology, the effects of texture parameters on bearing friction, vibration, and wear were thoroughly investigated. The experimental results show that surface textures play a critical role in improving hydrodynamic effects and stabilizing the lubrication film at the friction interface. Specifically, textures with a high area ratio (15%) and aspect ratio (3:1) exhibited the best vibration suppression effect, primarily due to the reduction in actual contact area. However, excessively high area ratios may lead to increased surface wear. This study concludes that a reasonable selection of texture area and aspect ratios can significantly reduce frictional force fluctuations and vibration amplitude, minimize surface wear, and extend bearing life.
Partition Differential Equations and Some Combinatorial Algebraic Structures
Authors: Abdulwahid Adnan Hashim
Published: November 2024

Let Λ be the algebra of symmetric functions. We introduce Stirling partitions, factorial partition polynomials, partition differential equations and their corresponding partitions, and partition primitive functions. Most importantly, this investigation provides a new combinatorial coalgebra structure on Λ, and it characterizes the primitive elements in Λ using the Jacobian determinants of partition primitive functions.