bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Growth of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in multi trophic sea farming systems at Gerupuk Bay, Central Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: SUKIMAN SUKIMAN , FATURRAHMAN FATURRAHMAN , ROHYANI IMMY SUCI , AHYADI HILMAN
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Sukiman, Faturrahman, Rohyani IS, Ahyadi H. 2014. Growth of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in multi trophic sea farming systems at Gerupuk Bay, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 82-85. Eucheuma cottonii is a seaweed commodity that has a high economic value because it contains compounds used as raw materials for industries. Various methods of seaweed farming have been developed, one of which is a system of cultivation Multi Trophic Sea Farming. This study aimed to analyze the growth of E. cottonii by observing the production of biomass in four trophic combinations in the system Multi Trophic Sea Farming. The study was conducted in the area of the marine aquaculture Gerupuk bay, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Experiments were performed on four plots cages with trophic combination treatment as follows: K1 (E. cottonii-lobster-abalone), K2 (E. cottonii-abalone-red carp), K3 (E. cottonii-abalone-grouper), and K4 (E. cottonii-abalone-pomfret fish). Seedling of E. cottonii weighing 50 g was tied to a rope and placed at a depth of 5 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm. Measurement of biomass production was done every ten days until the thirtieth day. The highest biomass production of E. cottonii was obtained in K3 trophic combination (E. cottonii-abalone-grouper fish) with a depth of seedlings of 5 cm. The combination of K3 trophic is recommended for cultivation of seaweed in the MTSF system.
Short Communication: An insight into protein sequences of PTPlike cysteine phytases
Authors: KUMAR VINOD , AGRAWAL SANJEEV
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Kumar V, Agrawal S. 2014. An insight into protein sequences of PTP-like cysteine phytases. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 102-106. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like cysteine phytases (CPhy) are novel phytases reported in the ruminant microbial community and suggested to play major role in phytate-phosphorus hydrolysis in animal feed. These phytases are very promising to be used in animal feed applications for monogastric animals. Present study deals with utilization of sequence information of 40 CPhy reference protein sequences for their sequential characterization for conserved regions, phylogenetic relationship, biochemical features, superfamily and functional motifs therein. The study reveals that CPhy, not well-characterized class of phytases, contains conserved sequence feature which may be important catalytic residues. Five major clusters observed in phylogenetic tree with Clostridium sp. as largest cluster. Reported motifs might be used for diversity and expression analysis of CPhy enzymes.
The paradox of security regulation: public protection versus normative legitimation
Authors: Smith Martin J. , White Adam
Published: July 2014

The growth of domestic private security in advanced democratic countries has resulted in a paradox. While the market is seen to provide a solution to the inefficient production of a key public service, it simultaneously challenges the liberal belief in a universal and publicly guaranteed social order. The argument of this article is twofold: first, that this paradox has created tensions within the sphere of regulatory governance; and second, that these tensions have given rise to a distinctive politics of security regulation. Through this argument, the article makes important new connections between the security governance and regulation literatures.
The politics of poverty in the European Union: how states respond to the open method of coordination on social inclusion
Authors: Larocque Florence , Noël Alain
Published: July 2014

This article assesses the responses of EU–15 member states to the poverty reduction objectives of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) on social inclusion between 2001 and 2006. As a flexible mechanism of information sharing between governments, the OMC could not produce strong convergence. A thorough analysis of the OMC documents indeed points to the enduring power of national institutions and partisan politics, for the three dimensions of social inclusion identified by the EU (rights, labour market policies, and participation). There was however some learning and adaptation around emerging policy ideas like activation and the participation of people experiencing poverty.
Credit union modernisation and the limits of voluntarism
Authors: Sinclair Stephen
Published: July 2014

Successive UK governments have sought to increase financial inclusion by investing in credit unions. However, responses within the British credit union movement to the government’s latest modernisation and expansion proposals reveal a conflict over perceptions of the purpose of credit unions between those who regard them as a means to provide financial services to low income communities, and those who regard them as self-help organisations offering an alternative to mainstream financial services which should remain independent from government initiatives. While this division is not new, it highlights potential limitations to the viability of achieving social inclusion through voluntary mutualism.
Book review
Authors: Ruhanya Pedzisai
Published: July 2014

The Media and Conflicts in Central Africa, M. Frere (2007) London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 287 pp., ISBN: 9781588264657 (pbk), $22,33
Estudio de la Infección por Vía Galactógena de Trichinella Spiralis en Ratones
Authors: Bono Battistoni M. F. , Finucci Curi G. , Orcellet V. , Peralta J. L.
Published: July 2014

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Comparative Law, Anti-essentialism and Intersectionality: Reflections from Southeast Asia in Search of an Elusive Balance
Authors: Jamal Arif A.
Published: July 2014

This paper explores the paradox of diversity and similarity within legal “traditions”. More particularly, in looking especially at comparative law scholarship on Southeast Asia, it asks if there are any lessons that comparative law theory can learn about how to account for commonality and difference in large and diverse contexts from the perspectives of intersectionality and anti-essentialism that have been developed in feminist scholarship. The paper concludes that feminist scholarship does not resolve the paradox that comparative legal study makes evident but that it does make us better realise the importance of open-textured “narratives of affinity” and “contingent classification” in legal contexts.
Water Treatment Combined Chlorine (Monochloramine) Degradation using Direct Photolysis and Homogeneous Photocatalysis (UV/H2O2, UV/NaOCl) with a Medium Pressure (MP) Lamp as a Source of UV
Authors: Abdessemed Ala , Djebbar Kamel E. , El-Kalliny Amer S. , Sehili T. , Nugteren Henk , Appel Peter W.
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the use of photochemical systems (photolysis, H2O2/UVMP and NaOCl/UVMP) to deplete monochloramine compound with a medium pressure lamp as an irradiation source (200–600 nm).

First, it was found that the direct photolysis treatment was a suitable method to degrade the given compound and that this degradation was greatly enhanced by H2O2/UVMP. This could be attributed to radical •OH produced in great amount by the photolysis of H2O2. However, no big advantages were observed when we used NaOCl/UVMP system. Indeed, this process generated radical •OH (but in feeble amount) and also radical Cl• (to form chloramins) and leading consequently to a less degradation rate comparatively to that obtained with H2O2/UVMP. This could be explained by a competition between the two species: •OH and Cl• for the compound. In addition, kinetics data for the three systems were best represented by a pseudo-first-order model and the photodecomposition of NH2Cl has led to the formation of nitrite, nitrate without forming ammonia.

It is essential to mention that •OH radicals produced from H2O2/UVMP and NaOCl/UVMP was detected by a photoluminescence (PL) technic using terephthalic acid (TA) as a probe molecule.
Bounding the order of a group with a large conjugacy class
Authors: Harrison Anthony W.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we present results for a group theoretic analog to a parameter defined in terms of irreducible character degrees. Let G be a finite group and k be the size of the largest conjugacy class of G. The parameter e is defined by the equation

|
G
|

=

k

(

k

+
e
)

${|G|=\sqrt{k}(\sqrt{k}+e)}$

. We show that

|
G
|

≤

(
p
/

(
p
-
1
)

2

)

e
2

${|G| \le (p/(p-1)^2)e^2}$

where p is the smallest prime dividing the order of G and classify groups that satisfy this bound.
Curing kinetics of styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) copolymer by peroxides in the presence of co-agents
Authors: Polat Kinyas , Şen Murat
Published: July 2014

In this study, styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) samples with different viscosities were cured using 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) separately in the presence of co-agents 2,4,6-tris-2-propenyloxy-1,3,5-triazin (TAC) or 1,3,5-trially-s-triazine-2,4,6,(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIC). Curing was carried out by means of a moving die rheometer device (MDR). Curing rate constants and energy of activation were obtained. Swelling and percent gelation values were evaluated by Sol-Gel analysis. Optimal curing conditions were determined to shed light on the curing characteristics of SEBS. It was shown that the rate of curing reaction of SEBS depended on the type of peroxides, co-agents and the viscosity of SEBS. Also it was shown that increased temperature enhanced the rate of curing.
The effect of ultraviolet irradiation and temperature on the resilience of high density polyethylene
Authors: Ladaci Naouri , Belbah Ahmed , Kraim Kheirddine , Mebarki Nadia
Published: July 2014

High density polyethylene (HDPE) has recently been established as the material of choice for the distribution and transport of drinking water on economic and public health levels. Because of this, a simulation study was conducted to investigate the effect of aging by two factors on HDPE, in order to check the mechanical robustness of this material with regards to climate change. First, specimens of the material (HDPE80) underwent treatment with irradiation by ultraviolet (UV) radiation for different periods up to 120 h. The accelerated aging process by UV irradiation gave a negative correlation between resilience and the irradiation time in hours. Second, we tested the HDPE80 resilience to different temperatures, at various notch depths (0.4, 0.8, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mm), to external shocks.
Sentencing’s Wild Ride Continues
Authors: Chanenson Steven L. , Berman Douglas A.
Published: July 2014

Ten years after the Supreme Court issued its Blakely decision, American sentencing law and policy feel very different. In 2004, many believed modern sentencing systems were destined always to be on a legislatively driven, inexorable march to ever-greater severity. A decade later, sentencing remains the center of a vigorous debate about what we want from our criminal justice system and even who we are as a society, but the terms of the debate now largely revolve around how much to lower prison terms rather than how much to raise them. This essay highlights the continued constitutional fallout from Blakely, and the current policy debates that have come to define modern sentencing systems.
The Case Against the Smarter Sentencing Act
Authors: Otis William G.
Published: July 2014

Our present system of mandatory minimum sentences has contributed significantly to the large reduction in crime — fifty percent — that we have seen in the last generation. It is justified, not simply by the enormous benefits it has helped bring about, but by the fact that it honors the Framers’ wisdom in separating the powers of government. Judges are not infallible and neither is the judiciary; as the Framers understood, no one person and no one branch should have one hundred percent discretion one hundred percent of the time. Congress is fully warranted in directing that, for some serious crimes, a strong, rock-bottom sentence must be imposed.
European survey of diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome: results of the ESE PCOS Special Interest Group's Questionnaire
Authors: Conway Gerard , Dewailly Didier , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Escobar-Morreale Hector F , Franks Steven , Gambineri Alessandra , Kelestimur Fahrettin , Macut Djuro , Micic Dragan , Pasquali Renato , Pfeifer Marija , Pignatelli Duarte , Pugeat Michel , Yildiz Bulent O
Published: July 2014

Background

There is evidence for differences between endocrinologists and other specialists in their approach to diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective

A mailed survey consisting of a simple questionnaire aiming to understand current practice for diagnosis and management of the PCOS by specialists across Europe.

Methods

The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions grouped to achieve information on i) the general characteristics of the respondents, ii) patients with PCOS seen by endocrinologists, iii) the main diagnostic criteria, iv) biochemical parameters used in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, v) long-term concerns, and, finally vi) treatment choices. A total of 357 questionnaires representing 13.3% of the members of European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) were available for final analysis; 93% of the respondents were endocrinologists

Results

In relation to the diagnostic criteria, respondents were most likely to select menstrual irregularity as the most frequent criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS although very high rates were achieved for the use of hirsutism and biochemical hyperandrogenism. It therefore appears that the NIH criteria were followed by the majority of respondents. The most frequent biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism were total testosterone or free androgen index. Obesity and type 2 diabetes were regarded as the principal long-term concerns for PCOS. The most common treatments for patients with PCOS were metformin (33%), lifestyle modification (25%), and oral contraceptives (22%). More direct treatments of infertility include clomiphene citrate alone or in combination with metformin, prescribed by 9 and 23%, respectively, whereas only 6% used other methods for induction of ovulation.

Conclusion

The survey produced by ESE is a good start for evaluating the perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS by endocrinologists in Europe.
HIV and Child Mental Health: A Case-Control Study in Rwanda
Authors: Betancourt Theresa , Scorza Pamela , Kanyanganzi Frederick , Fawzi Mary C. Smith , Sezibera Vincent , Cyamatare Felix , Beardslee William , Stulac Sara , Bizimana Justin I. , Stevenson Anne , Kayiteshonga Yvonne
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:

The global HIV/AIDS response has advanced in addressing the health and well-being of HIV-positive children. Although attention has been paid to children orphaned by parental AIDS, children who live with HIV-positive caregivers have received less attention. This study compares mental health problems and risk and protective factors in HIV-positive, HIV-affected (due to caregiver HIV), and HIV-unaffected children in Rwanda.

METHODS:

A case-control design assessed mental health, risk, and protective factors among 683 children aged 10 to 17 years at different levels of HIV exposure. A stratified random sampling strategy based on electronic medical records identified all known HIV-positive children in this age range in 2 districts in Rwanda. Lists of all same-age children in villages with an HIV-positive child were then collected and split by HIV status (HIV-positive, HIV-affected, and HIV-unaffected). One child was randomly sampled from the latter 2 groups to compare with each HIV-positive child per village.

RESULTS:

HIV-affected and HIV-positive children demonstrated higher levels of depression, anxiety, conduct problems, and functional impairment compared with HIV-unaffected children. HIV-affected children had significantly higher odds of depression (1.68: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.44), anxiety (1.77: 95% CI 1.14–2.75), and conduct problems (1.59: 95% CI 1.04–2.45) compared with HIV-unaffected children, and rates of these mental health conditions were similar to HIV-positive children. These results remained significant after controlling for contextual variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

The mental health of HIV-affected children requires policy and programmatic responses comparable to HIV-positive children.
Ambulatory ECMO as a Bridge to Lung Transplant in a Previously Well Pediatric Patient With ARDS
Authors: Turner David A. , Rehder Kyle J. , Bonadonna Desiree , Gray Alice , Lin Shu , Zaas David , Cheifetz Ira M.
Published: July 2014

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly implemented in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease as a bridge to lung transplant. Several centers have instituted an approach that involves physical rehabilitation and ambulation for patients supported with ECMO. Recent reports describe the successful use of ambulatory ECMO in patients with chronic respiratory illnesses being bridged to lung transplant. We describe the first case of a previously healthy pediatric patient with acute respiratory failure successfully supported with ambulatory ECMO as a bridge to lung transplant after an unsuccessful bridge to recovery. Although there are challenges associated with awake and ambulatory ECMO in children, this strategy represents an exciting breakthrough and a potential paradigm shift in ECMO management for pediatric acute respiratory failure.
Forging a Pediatric Primary Care–Community Partnership to Support Food-Insecure Families
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Henize Adrienne W. , Kahn Robert S. , Reiber Kurt L. , Young John J. , Klein Melissa D.
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Academic primary care clinics often care for children from underserved populations affected by food insecurity. Clinical-community collaborations could help mitigate such risk. We sought to design, implement, refine, and evaluate Keeping Infants Nourished and Developing (KIND), a collaborative intervention focused on food-insecure families with infants.

METHODS:

Pediatricians and community collaborators codeveloped processes to link food-insecure families with infants to supplementary infant formula, educational materials, and clinic and community resources. Intervention evaluation was done prospectively by using time-series analysis and descriptive statistics to characterize and enumerate those served by KIND during its first 2 years. Analyses assessed demographic, clinical, and social risk outcomes, including completion of preventive services and referral to social work or our medical-legal partnership. Comparisons were made between those receiving and not receiving KIND by using χ2 statistics.

RESULTS:

During the 2-year study period, 1042 families with infants received KIND. Recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to have completed a lead test and developmental screen (both P < .001), and they were more likely to have received a full set of well-infant visits by 14 months (42.0% vs 28.7%; P < .0001). Those receiving KIND also were significantly more likely to have been referred to social work (29.2% vs 17.6%; P < .0001) or the medical-legal partnership (14.8% vs 5.7%; P < .0001). Weight-for-length at 9 months did not statistically differ between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

A clinical-community collaborative enabled pediatric providers to address influential social determinants of health. This food insecurity–focused intervention was associated with improved preventive care outcomes for the infants served.
Treatment Outcomes of Overweight Children and Parents in the Medical Home
Authors: Quattrin Teresa , Roemmich James N. , Paluch Rocco , Yu Jihnhee , Epstein Leonard H. , Ecker Michelle A.
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To test in the primary care setting the short- and long-term efficacy of a behavioral intervention that simultaneously targeted an overweight child and parent versus an information control (IC) targeting weight control only in the child.

METHODS:

Two- to 5-year-old children who had BMI ≥85th percentile and an overweight parent (BMI >25 kg/m2) were randomized to Intervention or IC, both receiving diet and activity education over 12 months (13 sessions) followed by 12-month follow-up (3 sessions). Parents in the Intervention group were also targeted for weight control and received behavioral intervention. Pediatricians in 4 practices enrolled their patients with the assistance of embedded recruiters (Practice Enhancement Assistants) who assisted with treatment too.

RESULTS:

A total of 96 of the 105 children randomized (Intervention n = 46; IC n = 50) started the program and had data at baseline. Children in the Intervention experienced greater reductions in percent over BMI (group × months; P = .002) and z-BMI (group × months; P < 0.001) compared with IC throughout treatment and follow-up. Greater BMI reduction was observed over time for parents in the Intervention compared with IC (P < .001) throughout treatment and follow-up. Child weight changes were correlated with parent weight changes at 12 and 24 months (r = 0.38 and 0.26; P < .001 and P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Concurrently targeting preschool-aged overweight and obese youth and their parents in primary care with behavioral intervention results in greater decreases in child percent over BMI, z-BMI, and parent BMI compared with IC. The difference between Intervention and IC persists after 12 months of follow-up.
Maternal Obesity in Pregnancy, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Forno Erick , Young Omar M. , Kumar Rajesh , Simhan Hyagriv , Celedón Juan C.
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Environmental or lifestyle exposures in utero may influence the development of childhood asthma. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess whether maternal obesity in pregnancy (MOP) or increased maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) increased the risk of asthma in offspring.

METHODS:

We included all observational studies published until October 2013 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Database, and Ovid. Random effects models with inverse variance weights were used to calculate pooled risk estimates.

RESULTS:

Fourteen studies were included (N = 108 321 mother–child pairs). Twelve studies reported maternal obesity, and 5 reported GWG. Age of children was 14 months to 16 years. MOP was associated with higher odds of asthma or wheeze ever (OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.49) or current (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07–1.37); each 1-kg/m2 increase in maternal BMI was associated with a 2% to 3% increase in the odds of childhood asthma. High GWG was associated with higher odds of asthma or wheeze ever (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.001–1.34). Maternal underweight and low GWG were not associated with childhood asthma or wheeze. Meta-regression showed a negative association of borderline significance for maternal asthma history (P = .07). The significant heterogeneity among existing studies indicates a need for standardized approaches to future studies on the topic.

CONCLUSIONS:

MOP and high GWG are associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma; this finding may be particularly significant for mothers without asthma history. Prospective randomized trials of maternal weight management are needed.
Pais, filhos e padrinhos no sul fluminense, século XIX
Authors: Vasconcellos Marcia Cristina de
Published: July 2014

O artigo trata dos laços de compadrio e de apadrinhamento criados por escravos em Angra dos Reis, entre os anos de 1805 e 1871. Foram utilizados 3.264 registros paroquiais de crianças existentes no Convento do Carmo e na Igreja de Jacuecanga, ambos localizados em Angra dos Reis, e 220 inventários post-mortem armazenados no Museu da Justiça do Rio de Janeiro e no Arquivo Nacional. Na região, ao longo da segunda metade do século XIX, houve um decréscimo do número de escravos. Em meio às transformações econômicas e demográficas, foram observadas as opções efetuadas pelas famílias nucleares e matrifocais quanto à escolha de protetores espirituais para seus filhos.
Psicopatia e Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais de Emoções: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Vasconcellos Silvio José Lemos , Salvador-Silva Roberta , Dias Ana Cristina , Davóglio Tárcia Rita , Gauer Gabriel
Published: July 2014

A psicopatia é um transtorno de personalidade caracterizado por comportamentos antissociais, capacidade de julgamento comprometida e déficits no processamento emocional. Pesquisadores têm investigado a habilidade de psicopatas e indivíduos com traços de psicopatia reconhecer emoções expressas pela face. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática nas principais bases de dados internacionais de artigos publicados entre 1975 e 2013, sobre essa temática. Dezessete artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão desta revisão. Os resultados evidenciam o uso de métodos não convergentes e sugerem que a psicopatia está relacionada a déficits no reconhecimento de emoções negativas. Dados confirmatórios só poderão ser alcançados a partir de uma padronização metodológica. Sugere-se a utilização de tempos distintos de exposição dos estímulos para estudos futuros.
A Lente da Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty para a Psicopatologia Cultural
Authors: Telles Thabata Castelo Branco , Moreira Virginia
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apontar contribuições da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty para a psicopatologia cultural. Discutimos alguns temas presentes nessa filosofia associados a ideias contidas nas pesquisas recentes em psicopatologia cultural, tais como corpo, liberdade, linguagem, arte e cultura. Destacamos a discussão realizada por Merleau-Ponty acerca das obras do pintor Paul Cézanne como contribuição para um novo olhar sobre a psicopatologia cultural, ressaltando a ambiguidade presente nos processos de adoecimento e nas distintas nuanças que se entrelaçam na experiência vivida de sofrimento.
Integração das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação em contextos educacionais: análise de três momentos de um curso oficial de formação de professores
Authors: Miranda Flávia Danielle Sordi Silva
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre as relações entre ensino público paulista, tecnologias digitais e letramentos na contemporaneidade por meio da análise de dados coletados em um estudo de caso composto por três momentos de uma formação continuada do Programa Nacional de Formação Continuada em Tecnologia Educacional (ProInfo Integrado), a saber, (i) material de um dos cursos do programa, o "Tecnologias na Educação: ensinando e aprendendo com as TICs", (ii) aplicação desse curso por uma tutora a professores da rede do interior de São Paulo e (iii) prática de sala de aula de uma professora cursista. O objetivo específico foi identificar quais dos discursos mais comuns envolvendo letramentos e tecnologias eram percebidos em cada momento da formação, a partir da distinção de Warschauer e Ware (2008) em "enquadre da aprendizagem", "enquadre da mudança" e "enquadre do empoderamento" e apontar para as articulações existentes entre eles. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, em que os dados foram gerados ao seguirmos e gravarmos as diversas fases dos encontros presenciais, observarmos as interações e atividades dos cursistas na plataforma on-line, de entrevistas com a tutora e com os cursistas, além da análise de documentos e dos materiais referentes ao curso e do acompanhamento e registro de aulas de uma professora cursista na escola de Educação Básica em que leciona. Os pressupostos teóricos foram baseados na concepção enunciativa sóciohistórica sobre língua e na concepção de gêneros discursivos de Bakhtin. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para diversas articulações entre ensino e tecnologias que permearam os contextos estudados e para a dificuldade de distinção entre os discursos, posto que não há separações demarcadas entre eles.
outline of possible pre-course diagnostics for differential calculus
Authors: Maharaj Aneshkumar , Wagh Vivek
Published: July 2014

There is a view that many first-year students lack the basic knowledge and skills expected of them to study at university level. We examined the expected work habits and pre-course diagnostics for students who choose to take a course on differential calculus. We focused on the lecturer pre-course expectations of a student in the context of work habits, knowledge and technical skills. In particular, we formulated outcomes and then sample diagnostic questions to test whether the identified learning outcomes on expected work habits and learning are in place. If students are made aware of the expected learning outcomes and if they take the diagnostic test, they should be able to achieve greater success in their studies. The validity of this assumption will be the subject of a future paper which will report on the implementation of the learning outcomes and diagnostic questions that we formulated for pre-course diagnostics in differential calculus.
Methiozolin and Cumyluron for Preemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens
Authors: Askew Shawn D. , McNulty Brendan M. S.
Published: July 2014

Methiozolin and cumyluron are experimental herbicides that are reported to control annual bluegrass PRE or POST; however, no studies have compared these new herbicides to currently-registered herbicides for annual bluegrass control on putting greens over multiple years. Studies were conducted on three Virginia putting greens for 2 yr to compare methiozolin and cumyluron each at two rates to bensulide and bensulide plus oxadiazon at labeled rates for effects on annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass cover, turf injury, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), turf quality, and annual bluegrass seedhead suppression. Methiozolin, cumyluron, bensulide, and bensulide plus oxadiazon did not significantly injure creeping bentgrass putting green turf, reduce quality, or reduce NDVI. Only methiozolin at 500 or 750 g ai ha−1 and cumyluron at 8,600 g ai ha−1 reduced area under the progress curve (AUPC) for annual bluegrass cover following four treatments over 2 yr applied in spring and fall each year. A concomitant increase in creeping bentgrass cover AUPC was also observed from the three treatments that reduced annual bluegrass cover. Methiozolin also reduced annual bluegrass seedhead cover at least 85% 1 mo after spring treatments and more than all other treatments except cumyluron at 8,600 g ha−1 (66%). These studies suggest that single treatments of methiozolin in spring and fall will not rapidly control existing annual bluegrass but can slowly reduce populations over time, presumably by preventing new seedling emergence. Methiozolin and cumyluron appear to be more effective than currently available herbicides bensulide and bensulide plus oxadiazon for PRE annual bluegrass control and seedhead suppression on golf putting greens.
Effect of compaction energy on CBR and compaction behaviour
Authors: Vinod Parameswaran Pillai , Sridharan Asuri , Soumya Rosalint Jolly
Published: July 2014

The study reported herein examines the effect of compaction energy on the compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio (CBR) value of soils. The study involved two soils of widely varying plasticity, and led to a logarithmic relationship between the maximum dry density and compaction energy, and the relationship between the optimum moisture content and compaction energy is represented by a second-degree polynomial equation. Correlation between the CBR value and compaction energy is represented by a two-parameter linear model. The numerical values of the coefficients in the developed correlations are almost independent of the method of energy reduction and marginally dependent on the soil type. The study also re-establishes that the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of fine-grained soils are uniquely related, with the correlation being independent of the energy ratio.
Cyanide Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Cross‐Flow Nanofiltration: Transport Modeling and Economic Evaluation
Authors: Pal Parimal , Bhakta Pamela , Kumar Ramesh
Published: July 2014

A modeling and simulation study, along with an economic analysis, was carried out for the separation of cyanide from industrial wastewater using a flat sheet cross‐flow nanofiltration membrane module. With the addition of a pre‐microfiltration step, nanofiltration was carried out using real coke wastewater under different operating conditions. Under the optimum operating pressure of 13 bars and a pH of 10.0, a rate of more than 95% separation of cyanide was achieved. That model predictions agreed very well with the experimental findings, as is evident in the Willmott d‐index value (>0.95) and relative error (<0.1). Studies were carried out with industrial wastewater instead of a synthetic solution, and an economic analysis was also done, considering the capacity of a running coking plant. The findings are likely to be very useful in the scale‐up and design of industrial plants for the treatment of cyanide‐bearing wastewater.
Measurement of radioactivity in an elevated radiation background area of Western Ghats
Authors: Manigandan P.K. , Shekar Chandar
Published: July 2014

As part of monitoring the exposure of the general public to natural
radioactivity, the activity concentration of naturally occurring
radionuclides in soil samples in an elevated radiation background area of
Western Ghats was determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Average values
of the activity concentration of radionuclides, outdoor terrestrial gamma
dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent and radiation hazard indices
from soil activity were estimated. The activity concentrations of 232Th and
average outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate were found to be higher than the
world average, possibly affecting the Western Ghats environment in general.
Therefore, radiological risks to the general population from ionizing
radiation from the naturally occurring radionuclides in the soil are
considered to be significant. How- ever, other radiological hazard indices
were found to be within permissible limits.
The Effect of Nonprofit Governance on Donations: Evidence from the Revised Form 990
Authors: Harris Erica , Petrovits Christine M. , Yetman Michelle H.
Published: July 2014

We examine whether donors reward nonprofit organizations that report better governance. From a sample of 10,846 organizations from 2008 to 2010, we first identify seven nonprofit governance dimensions using factor analysis. We then test whether the quality of governance influences donor decisions by including the seven governance factors in the standard donor's demand model. We find consistent evidence that donations and government grants are positively associated with six of the seven factors that capture good governance, including formal written policies (e.g., conflict of interest), independent audits and audit committees, review and approval of executive compensation, board oversight (e.g., board independence), management characteristics (e.g., no related parties), and accessible financial information. Our results have implications for nonprofit managers and regulators. Moreover, mandatory disclosure of governance policies for nonprofit organizations provides an interesting contrast to mandatory adoption of governance policies for publicly traded companies.

JEL Classifications: G18; G38; H39; L30; L31; L38; M40; M41; M42; M48.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
The Look AHEAD Trial: Bone Loss at 4-Year Follow-up in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lipkin Edward W. , Schwartz Ann V. , Anderson Andrea M. , Davis Cralen , Johnson Karen C. , Gregg Edward W. , Bray George A. , Berkowitz Robert , Peters Anne L. , Hodges Amelia , Lewis Cora , Kahn Steven E. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) designed to sustain weight loss and improve physical fitness in overweight or obese persons with type 2 diabetes was associated with bone loss after 4 years of follow-up.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This randomized controlled trial of intensive weight loss compared an ILI with a diabetes support and education (DSE) group among 1,309 overweight or obese subjects. Bone mineral density was assessed at baseline and after 1 year and 4 years of intervention.

RESULTS

ILI was effective in producing significant weight loss (5.3% vs. 1.8% in ILI and DSE, respectively; P < 0.01) and increased fitness (6.4% vs. −0.8%) at year 4. In men, ILI participants had a greater rate of bone loss during the first year (−1.66% vs. −0.09% per year in ILI and DSE, respectively). Differences between groups were diminished by one-half after 4 years (−0.88% vs. −0.05% per year in ILI and DSE, respectively) but remained significant (P < 0.01). The difference in rate of hip bone loss between groups over 4 years was related to increased weight loss in ILI. Among women, the rate of bone loss did not differ between ILI and DSE after 4 years.

CONCLUSIONS

A 4-year weight loss intervention was significantly associated with a modest increase in bone loss at the hip in men but not in women.
Influence of type of precursors on the sol-gel synthesis of the LaCoO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Cornei Nicoleta , Feraru Simona , Bulimestru Ion , Sandu Andrei Victor , Mita Carmen
Published: July 2014

Perovskite-type LaCoO3 was prepared by sol-gel method using nitrates / chlorides as precursors and citric acid as chelating agent. Chemical composition was obtained by means of EDX method. The structures of sintered samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR and XRD analysis. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the LaCoO3nanopowders obtained using nitrate as precursors had a rhombohedral perovskite-type crystal structure (S. G: R-3c), while that obtained using chloride as precursors had a mixture of LaCoO3, LaOCl and Co3O4. The all lanthanum cobaltites exhibit catalytic activity on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, ascribed to their higher surface and Co3+ concentration
Problem solving - an interactive active method for teaching the thermokinetic concept
Authors: Odochian Lucia , Moldoveanu Costel , Iancu Lorela , Baiceanu Adriana , Cozma Danut Gabriel
Published: July 2014

The paper describes a strategy that uses problem solving to teach the thermokinetic concept, based on student’s previously established proficiency in thermochemistry and kinetics. Chemistry teachers often use this method because it ensures easy achievement of both formative and informative science skills. This teaching strategy is tailored for students that prove special intellectual resources, Olympiad participants and to those who find chemistry a potential professional route
Generalized Sequence Spaces in 2-Normed Spaces Defined by Ideal and a Modulus Function
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Kumar Vijay , Bhatia S.S.
Published: July 2014

The main objective of this paper is to define some new kind of generalized convergent sequence spaces with respect to a modulus function, and difference operator Δm, m ≥ 1 in a 2-normed space. We also examine some topological properties of the resulting sequence spaces. Finally, we have introduced a new class of generalized convergent sequences with the help of an ideal and difference sequences in the same space.
Non-Metric Dental Traits in Human Skeletal Remains from Transcaucasian Populations: Phylogenetic and Diachronic Evidence
Authors: Khudaverdyan Anahit Yu.
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study is the assessment of biological distance between populations from Transcaucasia on the basis of the frequency of dental morphological traits. It is well known that these traits are characterised by a high inter-population differentiation, low sexual dimorphism, and their recording is loaded by relatively small intra and inter observer error. The dental morphological traits are successfully used in the description and explanation of the microevolutionary and ethnogenetic processes. This paper presents the results of the odontological differentiation of human populations from Transcaucasia. The comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of 12 groups. From the obtained results, we can draw the following conclusions: The populations of Armenian Highland and Georgia can be differentiated as far as the frequency of dental morphological traits are concerned. They also do not exhibit similar intragroup variability. Biocultural diversity of ancient Transcaucasian populations has not been studied extensively; therefore, delineating some of the patterns of phenotypic variation may be useful for understanding their ongoing evolution.
Variation of Human Hairiness: A Possible Adaptation to Solar Radiation and Melanin
Authors: Dhugga Amrita , Henneberg Maciej , Kumaratilake Jaliya
Published: July 2014

Many theories have been advanced to explain human hairlessness, however, there is no consensus. This study of 76 males observed that skin reflectance measuring skin colouration and melanin pigmentation correlated with hair size and follicle density. Individuals with a greater concentration of melanin within the superficial layer of the skin had a lower follicle density and smaller sizes of hairs. In contrast, individuals with a lower melanin concentration and lighter skin colour had a full range of hairiness. This leads to the suggestion that over the course of human evolution, high concentrations of melanin in consistently exposed to ultraviolet radiation areas developed first and that hair loss was a consequence of competition in the skin between melanin production and hair growth. Darker pigmented skin and lower follicle density are significantly correlated (R2=0.283; p<0.05). Individuals with darker skin had a mean of 4.91 follicles per cm2 whereas those with lighter skin reflectance had 11.20 follicles per cm2. This suggests that increased concentrations of melanin in the basal layer of the epidermis may limit hairiness by negatively influencing the skin’s ability to produce hair.
Irish English Stereotypes
Authors: Furkó Bálint Péter
Published: July 2014

The aim of the paper is to examine common Irish English stereotypes in cinematographic representations of Irish English with special reference to pragmatic features and sociopragmatic norms. After giving an overview of some of the ways in which the concepts of ‘stereotype’ and ‘stereotyping’ are defined and used in sociolinguistics and sociopragmatics, selected features of the Irish English pragmalect (the use of pragmatic markers, the performance of speech acts such as requests, compliment responses and thanks minimizers) will be discussed and contrasted with the (highly stereotypical) representation of Irish English in the films Intermission and The Guard.
Non-Hellenic Peoples in the Epic Poems of Homer
Authors: Lehrer Nándor
Published: July 2014

Homer’s epic poems represent their contemporary world. These epics give detailed descriptions about the peoples and cultures living in the Mediterranean area. Several ethnic groups appear in the epics, whose home lay far away from the Greek homeland, in the Balkans. The Odyssey may be regarded as the most valuable source of the two epics from a geographical point of view. For instance, this is the first written source of the Kimmers, even if there are only a few verses about them. During his journeys, Ulysses was able to reach several territories, which were less well known in the age of Homer. This is the reason why we have only a less detailed picture of these peoples, and why our knowledge of these cultures, ethnic groups and civilizations is so fragmentary. In my paper I try to figure out how the author described these peoples, what kind of attributes he employed in their description, and how we could interpret this information. Applying all these we could be able to examine the Greek attitude toward foreigners in the 8th century B.C.
The Discovery of Alsatian Space in the Regionalist Art Historiography of the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Trifescu Valentin
Published: July 2014

Our paper tries to analyse the way in which the regional identity of art historiography in Alsace came into being in the 20th century. Similarly to Transylvania, Alsace represented a highly disputed territory, being claimed by two hostile nations. We shall focus upon the regionalist point of view, which used to be overshadowed by the official nationalist discourse of the centres, Paris and Berlin. We shall examine the way in which a regional identity was invented through works of art. Regionalist art historians did no longer speak of the existence of French or German art in Alsace, but of the existence of an Alsatian art individualized within European art. We shall also emphasise the role the genius loci and regional geography played in forging this new identity.
Muscle torque of the hip joint flexors and extensors in physically active and inactive amputees
Authors: Kowal Mateusz , Rutkowska-Kucharska Alicja
Published: July 2014

Study aim: The aim of this study was to assess proportion and symmetry between torque in muscles that affect the hip joint in the non-amputated and the amputated limb in persons both engaged in and not engaged in sports.

Material and methods: Study participants comprised 12 persons with above-knee leg amputation. The group of participants was divided into two subgroups: persons engaged in sports and physically inactive persons.
The strength and the speed capacity of hip joint flexors and hip joint extensors were measured using a Biodex System 4 dynamometer. The measurement was conducted at two angular velocities (60°/s and 120°/s) and during isometric activity of the non-amputated and the amputated limb.

Results: Maximal torque of hip joint flexors in the amputated limb of physically active persons constituted 65.3% of the corresponding value in persons without amputation and was higher than in physically inactive persons (55.9%). Similar values were obtained for extensors. The time to reach maximal muscle torque in the amputated limb during the extension of the hip joint at 60°/s equalled 400 ms in physically active persons and 900 ms in physically inactive persons and during flexion, equalled 400 ms and 600 ms, respectively.

Conclusions: Physically active persons showed greater dynamics in generating maximal muscle torque, especially during the extension of the hip joint. Physical activity benefits the strength and speed capacity of muscles that affect the hip joint in persons with above-knee amputation, thus decreasing asymmetry and disproportion between limbs.
Lab-Scale Investigations During Combustion of Agricultural Residues and Selected Polish Coals
Authors: Kordylewski Włodzimierz K. , Mościcki Krzysztof J. , Witkowski Karol J.
Published: July 2014

Preliminary lab-scale investigations were conducted on slagging abatement in biomass-firing by fuel mixing. Three agriculture biomass fuels and olive cake were used in the experiments. Polish lignites and bituminous coals were examined as anti-sintering additives. The effects of chlorine release, potassium retention and ash sintering were examined by heating samples of biomass fuels and additives in the muffle oven and, next, firing them in the laboratory down-fired furnace at the temperature in the range of 800-1150ºC. The obtained slag samples were analysed on: chlorine and potassium content, sintering tendency and crystalline components. Among the examined coals lignite from Turów mine and bituminous coal from Bolesław Śmiały mine appeared to be the most effective in potassium retention in aluminosilicate and chlorine release from slag. Possibly the major factor of these coals which reduced ash sintering was relatively high content of kaolinite
The Determination of the Temperature in the Interior of Vending Machines/Zur Temperaturbestimmung in Cigaretten-Verkaufsautomaten
Authors: Dierking E. , Hinrichsen Th. , Jodl R.
Published: July 2014

The highest temperature in the interior of vending machines measured so far was 55°C. The experiments have shown that the packs of cigarettes are prevented from blocking even under extreme conditions if special cellophane with the quality described is used.