bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapy-Led Mobility Education for Nursing Staff as a Fall Prevention Strategy
Authors: Thresher Catherine
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Patient falls are an ongoing challenge in the rehabilitation setting largely because of falls being common among patients during mobility. Rehabilitation nursing staff are responsible for mobilizing patients whenever they are not in therapy, yet are often not trained to carry out complex mobilization techniques in the way therapy staff are.

Methods/Results

The integration of therapy-led mobility clinics into nursing staff orientation, along with change-of-shift safety huddles, was successful as a fall prevention strategy on one acute inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Conclusions

Nursing leadership should leverage therapy expertise in the rehabilitation setting to educate nursing staff on complex mobilization techniques for improved patient outcomes.
Rehabilitation Specialty Hospital Conversion to Support a COVID-19 Pandemic Surge: Nurses’ Perceptions
Authors: Copenheaver Helen C. , Buchko Barbara L. , Adkins Cherie S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to understand the novel experience of a rehabilitation specialty hospital conversion to acute medical/COVID-19 patient care from the perspective of rehabilitation nurses.

Design

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted.

Methods

Thirty-six nurses employed by the rehabilitation specialty hospital were invited to participate. Narrative data were collected via an online survey and were analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach.

Results

Fifteen (42%) of those eligible participated. The overarching descriptor of the rehabilitation nurses’ experiences was “we did what we had to do.” Three primary descriptors emerged: challenged, conflicted, and compromised. Communication from leadership prominently informed the conversion experience.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing

Expecting rehabilitation specialty nurses to care for a different patient population is an important consideration and requires leadership to understand the distinctive characteristics of the specialty and its approach to care.

Conclusions

Addressing the impact on nursing staff in any disaster requires listening and communicating to provide needed support. Recognizing the characteristics of nursing specialties, the need for self-care among nursing staff and the salience of effective communication are essential during specialty hospital conversions.
Implementing a Critical Thinking Tool to Evaluate Educational Needs for Inpatient Rehabilitation Nurses
Authors: Hill Cynthia , Stutzman Sonja E. , Nairon Emerson B. , Vashisht Ayushi , Olson DaiWai M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Most critical thinking assessment tools are resource intensive and require significant time and money to administer. Moreover, these tools are not tailored to evaluate critical thinking skills among inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) nurses. This pilot study explores the efficacy of using short videos to evaluate critical thinking for nurses working in an IRF

Methods

We developed and filmed 3 clinical scenarios representative of common IRF events that require critical thinking on behalf of the nurse. Thirty-one IRF nurses participated in the study and independently scored their own critical thinking skills using a visual analog scale. Using the same scale, nurse managers and assistant managers who worked closely with the nurses also rated the critical thinking ability of each nurse. The nurse then viewed and responded in narrative form to each of the 3 videos. A scoring rubric was used to independently evaluate the critical thinking skills for each nurse based on the nurses' responses.

Results

Nurses rated their own critical thinking skills higher than mangers rated them (m = 85.23 vs 62.89). There was high interrater reliability for scoring video 1k (0.65), video 2k (0.90), and video 3k (0.84).

Conclusion

The results demonstrate efficacy for further study of low-cost alternatives to evaluate critical thinking among neuroscience nurses providing IRF care.
Blood Gene Expression Profiling and Donor-derived Cell-free DNA to Noninvasively Diagnose Clinical and Subclinical Kidney Transplant Rejection: A Real-life Appraisal Study
Authors: Sellarés Joana , Casanova Franc , Perez-Saez M. J. , Cucchiari David , Coloma Ana , Vila Anna , Facundo Carme , Kervella Delphine , Molina Maria , Moreso Francesc , Melilli Edoardo , Diekmann Fritz , Crespo Marta , Bestard Oriol
Published: November 2024

Background.

Peripheral blood biomarkers aim to noninvasively diagnose kidney allograft rejection, but most lack robust independent validation. TruGraf is intended to exclude subclinical cellular rejection (TCMR), whereas donor-derived cell-free DNA Viracor-TRAC has proven value in excluding antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We aim to validate both biomarkers for accurate rejection diagnosis in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods.

We prospectively included 230 unselected, consecutive kidney transplants from 6 centers undergoing for-cause and protocol biopsies with paired blood samples from December 2021 to 2022. TruGraf and Viracor-TRAC were blindly run by a central laboratory.

Results.

The incidence of rejection was 22.6% (17.3% surveillance; 27% for-cause biopsies). Inflammation was associated with higher TRAC levels, with AMR/mixed and microvascular inflammation (MVI) showing the highest levels (P < 0.05). TruGraf did not associate with any specific allograft injury. No biomarkers, individually or combined, accurately diagnosed any rejection (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] < 0.65). However, high TRAC levels, when combined with DSA in for-cause biopsies, predicted AMR/mixed rejection or MVI (AUROC = 0.817; P < 0.001), outperforming serum creatinine and DSA (AUROC < 0.65).

Conclusions.

In this large, prospective, observational real-life study, we were unable to validate TruGraf and TRAC to diagnose rejection but found a useful context of use for TRAC to noninvasively diagnose AMR/mixed or MVI in conjunction with DSA in dysfunctioning graft.
A taxonomic note on the order Caryophanales: description of 12 novel families and emended description of 21 families
Authors: Li Yangjie , Zhang Dechao , Bo Dexin , Peng Donghai , Sun Ming , Zheng Jinshui
Published: November 2024

The order Caryophanales, belonging to class Bacilli, is globally distributed in various ecosystems. Currently, this order comprised 12 families that show vast phenotypic, ecological and genotypic variation. The classification of Caryophanales at the family level is currently mainly based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and the presence of shared phenotypic characteristics, resulting in noticeable anomalies. Our present study revises the taxonomy of Caryophanales based on 1080 available high-quality genome sequences of type strains. The evaluated parameters included the core-genome phylogeny, pairwise average aa identity, lineage-specific core genes, physiological criteria and ecological parameters. Based on the results of this polyphasic approach, we propose that the order Caryophanales be reclassified into 41 families, which include the existing 12 families, 17 families in a recent Validation List in the IJSEM (Validation List no. 215) and 12 novel families for which we propose the names Aureibacillaceae, Cytobacillaceae, Domibacillaceae, Falsibacillaceae, Heyndrickxiaceae, Lottiidibacillaceae, Oxalophagaceae, Pradoshiaceae, Rossellomoreaceae, Schinkiaceae, Sulfoacidibacillaceae and Sutcliffiellaceae. This work represents a genomic sequence-based and systematic framework for classifying the order Caryophanales at the family level, providing new insights into its evolution.
Tissue-specific responses to TFAM and mtDNA copy number manipulation in prematurely ageing mice
Authors: Kremer Laura S , Gao Guanbin , Rigoni Giovanni , Filograna Roberta , Mennuni Mara , Wibom Rolf , Végvári Ákos , Koolmeister Camilla , Larsson Nils-Göran
Published: November 2024

Somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are heavily implicated as important drivers of ageing and age-related diseases. Their pathological effect can be partially counteracted by increasing the absolute amount of wild-type mtDNA via moderately upregulating TFAM, a protein important for mtDNA packaging and expression. However, strong TFAM overexpression can also have detrimental effects as it results in hypercompaction of the mtDNA and subsequent impairment of mtDNA gene expression. In this study, we have experimentally addressed the propensity of moderate TFAM modulation to improve the premature ageing phenotypes of mtDNA mutator mice, carrying random mtDNA mutations. Surprisingly, we detect tissue-specific endogenous compensatory mechanisms acting in mtDNA mutator mice which largely affects the outcome of TFAM modulation. Accordingly, moderate overexpression of TFAM can have both negative and beneficial effects in different tissues of mtDNA mutator mice. We see a similar behavior for moderate TFAM reduction, which improves brown adipocyte tissue homeostasis, while other tissues are largely unaffected. Our findings highlight that regulation of copy number and gene expression of mtDNA is complex and cause tissue-specific effects that should be considered when modulating TFAM levels. Additionally, we suggest that TFAM is not the sole determinant of mtDNA copy number in situations where oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is compromised but other important players must be involved.
Prion safety laboratory swipe test
Authors: Simmons Sara M , Yuan Qi , Bartz Jason C
Published: November 2024

Transmission of prion disease has occurred from contaminated neurosurgical tools, transplant materials and from occupational exposure to prion contaminated laboratory tools. Prions cause disease by the templated misfolding of the normal cellular form of the prion protein, PrPC, into the misfolded and pathogenic form PrPSc and are invariably fatal. Reducing iatrogenic and occupational prion transmission is challenging. First, prions can bind to and persist on surfaces for long periods of time. Second, prions are highly resistant to inactivation. Given this, surfaces can retain infectivity for long periods of time following ineffective decontamination. Not only can this pose a potential occupational risk for prion laboratory workers but could potentially cross contaminate laboratory experiments utilizing sensitive prion amplification techniques. The protocol described here for a prion safety laboratory swipe test includes steps for the identification and documentation of high traffic laboratory areas, recommended swabbing controls to ensure validity of results, steps to identify proper responses to positive surface swabbing sites, representative results from prion swipe testing, as well as potential artifactual results. Overall, the prion safety laboratory swipe test can be implemented as part of a broader prion safety program, to assess decontamination of surfaces, monitor common spaces for prion contamination, and implement the documentation of prion decontamination status.
On-chip deep subwavelength optomagnetic bistable memory based on inverse Faraday effect related nonlinearity in graphene waveguide ring resonators
Authors: Kim Jin-Song , Ri Chol-Song , Yun Ye-Jin , Im Song-Jin , Kim Kum-Dong , Song Kil-Song , Pae Ji-Song , Ho Kum-Song
Published: November 2024

Integrated optical devices that possess bistable characteristics are key elements for optical digital signal processing and all-optical computing. In this paper we report on an optomagnetic bistable memory based on the inverse Faraday effect related nonlinearity in graphene waveguide ring resonators. The effective magnetic field via the plasmon-induced inverse Faraday effect in the graphene resonator has two discrete stable states that represent logic one and logic zero and magnetic switching for memory operation can be achieved by injecting an optical pulse and momentarily blocking the bias input light. Our proposed optomagnetic bistable device based on a graphene magnetoplasmonic configuration has great potential for the development of next generation magnetic memory. It has benefits of ultrafast magnetization switching, simplicity of the considered structure, on-chip compatibility, and a deep subwavelength platform. It also enhances the nonlinear interaction due to strong confinement of the graphene plasmon modes and high-quality factor of traveling modes in the graphene ring resonator, and tunability and robustness by adjusting the gate voltages of the graphene sheets. These advantages will satisfy the demand for fast magnetization switching, low-energy consumption, and high-density recording required in future magnetic memories.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Decoupling of external and internal dynamics in driven two-level systems
Authors: Böhringer Samuel , Friedrich Alexander
Published: November 2024

We show how a laser driven two-level system including quantized external degrees of freedom for each state can be decoupled into a set of oscillator equations acting only on the external degrees of freedom with operator valued damping representing the detuning. We give a way of characterizing the solvability of this family of problems by appealing to a classical oscillator with time-dependent damping. As a consequence of this classification we (i) obtain analytic and representation-free expressions for Rabi oscillations including external degrees of freedom with and without an external linear potential, (ii) show that whenever the detuning operator can be diagonalized (analytically or numerically) the problem decomposes into a set of classical equations, and (iii) we can use the oscillator equations as a perturbative basis to describe Rabi oscillations in weak but otherwise arbitrary external potentials. Moreover, chirping of the driving fields phase emerges naturally as a means of compensating the Ehrenfest/mean-value part of the detuning operator's dynamics while in the presence of driving phase noise leads to a stochastic evolution equation of Langevin type. Lastly, our approach is representation free with respect to the external degrees of freedom and as consequence a suitable representation or basis expansion can be chosen a posteriori depending on the desired application at hand.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Laser cooling of barium monofluoride molecules using synthesized optical spectra
Authors: Rockenhäuser Marian , Kogel Felix , Garg Tatsam , Morales-Ramírez Sebastián A. , Langen Tim
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate laser cooling of barium monofluoride (BaF138) molecules. We use serrodynes to synthesize time-sequenced optical spectra that can be precisely tailored to the hyperfine structure of this heaviest nonradioactive alkaline earth monofluoride. By optimizing these optical spectra, we realize strong Sisyphus cooling forces that efficiently collimate a molecular beam. Our technique is an important step toward using intense beams of barium monofluoride for precision measurement applications, and will be useful for cooling other molecular species with complex level structure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Magnetic skyrmions: From lumps to supercompactons
Authors: Bolognesi Stefano , Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Menta Roberto
Published: November 2024

The magnetic skyrmion is described by one control parameter and one length scale. We study the two extreme limits of the control parameter, infinitely large and vanishing, and find that the magnetic skyrmion becomes a “restricted” magnetic skyrmion and an O(3) sigma model lump, respectively. Depending on the potential under consideration, the restricted limit manifests differently. In the case of the Zeeman term, the restricted magnetic skyrmion becomes a “supercompacton” that develops a discontinuity, whereas for the Zeeman term to the power 32 it becomes a normal compacton. In both the lump and the restricted limit the solution is given in exact explicit form. We observe that the case of the Zeeman term squared, which can also be understood as a special combination of the Zeeman term and the easy-plane potential (realizable in the laboratory), the analytically exact solution for all values of the coupling, including the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield case, is also of the lump type. Finally, we notice that certain materials (e.g., Fe1−xCoxSi or Mn1−xFexGe) have a rather large control parameter ε of order 100, making the restricted limit a suitable rough approximation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cooling Trapped Ions with Phonon Rapid Adiabatic Passage
Authors: Fabrikant M. I. , Lauria P. , Madjarov I. S. , Burton W. C. , Sutherland R. T.
Published: November 2024

In recent demonstrations of the quantum charge-coupled device computer architecture, circuit times are dominated by cooling. Some motional modes of multi-ion crystals take orders of magnitude longer to cool than others because of low coolant ion participation. Here we demonstrate a new technique, that solves this issue by coherently exchanging the thermal populations of selected modes on timescales short compared to direct cooling. Using this method, which we call “phonon rapid adiabatic passage,” we can achieve subquanta temperatures from initial states with occupations as high as n¯∼200 quanta. Analogous to adiabatic rapid passage, we quasistatically couple these slow-cooling modes with fast-cooling modes using dc electric fields. When the crystal is then adiabatically ramped through the resultant avoided crossing, nearly complete phonon population exchange results. We demonstrate this on two-ion crystals, and show the indirect ground-state cooling of all radial modes—achieving an order of magnitude speedup compared to direct cooling. We also show the technique’s insensitivity to trap potential and control field fluctuations, and find that it still achieves subquanta temperatures starting as high as n¯∼200.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance psychological capital in learning organizations: a viewpoint
Authors: Kapil Prachi , Singh Seema
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This viewpoint article presents perspectives on the intersection of AI and the diverse elements of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and is a foundation for discussion on this juncture. It also exhibits the advantages of integrating AI and PsyCap in learning organizations and the challenges and future directions associated with the same.

Design/methodology/approach

The article exhibits the juncture of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in context to learning organizations. It also highlights the various AI tools that can be used to manage diverse PsyCap attributes in learning organizations. The approach is to present a starting point for discussion on the intersection of the two concepts and how learning organizations can leverage them to create sustained competitive advantage.

Findings

Artificial Intelligence Systems can be used to enhance self-efficacy, promote optimism, cultivate hope and build resilience in learning organizations. A strategic approach with continued evaluation of AI tools is the key. However, challenges like privacy and unethical issues, biasness and management of human- AI intervention have to be taken into consideration for effective integration of AI tools and Psychological Capital.

Originality/value

The research in the domain of Artificial Intelligence and related technologies is not a new phenomenon. However, there is a possibility to understand that AI is not a competitor to human ingenuity but a facilitator to it. Through this article an effort is made to ignite the conversation on the topic and it can be a starting point for future research on the integration of the two perspectives.
Unveiling the complexity code: navigating BIM-enabled projects with a project management complexity index
Authors: Bakhshi Javad , Golzad Hamed , Martek Igor , Hosseini M. Reza , Papadonikolaki Eleni
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the complexity factors associated with BIM-enabled projects. BIM has been widely promoted as a potential solution to numerous challenges that hinder productivity in construction projects, owing to its numerous advantages. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge the heightened complexity it introduces to project workflows, stakeholder coordination and information management.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs the Delphi method to identify and extract complexity factors specific to BIM-enabled projects. A panel of industry and academic experts is engaged to discern and prioritise these factors based on their expertise and knowledge.

Findings

The study reveals a comprehensive list of 34 complexity factors that significantly impact BIM-enabled projects. Among the most influential factors are laws and regulations, variety of procurement methods, technical capabilities of teams, project manager competence, information transfer capacity, range of project deliverables and diversity of project locations. The findings highlight the importance of these factors and emphasise the need for proactive and adaptive management to navigate their impact and achieve positive project outcomes.

Originality/value

This study introduces the DEBACCS framework, a metric-based model designed to understand and evaluate complexity within BIM-enabled projects. DEBACCS stands for seven key dimensions: diversity, emergence, belonging, autonomy, connectivity, context and size. These dimensions represent essential aspects for gauging project complexity. By applying the concept of complexity from project management to BIM, the study offers valuable insights for practitioners and researchers. It provides a unique perspective on the challenges and considerations associated with implementing and managing BIM in construction projects. The findings have practical value for practitioners, enabling them to better understand and address the implications of complexity in BIM-enabled projects, ultimately leading to improved project outcomes.
Formation and dynamics of prefabricated building innovation network
Authors: Zhang Yuanxin , Xu Liujun , Xue Xiaolong , Wang Zeyu , Skibniewski Miroslaw
Published: November 2024

Purpose

With the uptake of prefabricated construction (PC) facing serious obstacles in China, networked innovation can break the technical constraints while also containing the risks in individual innovation. However, the construction community has paid little attention to PC innovation, especially networked innovation. This study aims to gain deep insights into what impacts the formation and dynamics of a prefabricated construction innovation network (PCIN). With the uptake of PC facing serious obstacles in China, networked innovation can break the technical constraints while also containing the risks in individual innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design follows a sequential mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. It first conceptualizes the PCIN based on the quadruple helix model and formulates a corresponding system dynamics model based on causality analysis. After validating the PCIN model using empirical data, simulations are carried out using Vensim PLE software. Finally, this study identifies key factors that promote the formation of PCIN in China through sensitivity analysis.

Findings

The results show that PC predicts a continuous increase in practice as of 2030. The tested drivers all positively influence the formation of the PCIN, with market demand and risk sharing having the greatest influence, followed by competitive pressure, profit government support, scientific and technological advancement and collaborative innovation strategy.

Originality/value

The study makes three major contributions. First, it provides a novel angle for a deeper understanding of the PC innovation. Second, it proposes a new approach for probing the formation and dynamics of the PCIN. Finally, it offers a theoretical reference for promoting the formation of innovation networks and the development of PC.
The inclusion of racialized women in the nursing workforce
Authors: Schimmele Christoph , Hou Feng
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study focuses on employment equity among Canadian women with a nursing education, examining differences across racialized groups.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis used data from the 2021 Canadian Census of Population on a large sample of women aged 25–64 years with a nursing education (n = 112,000). The analysis compared women from ten racialized population groups to those from the White population group on attainment of a nursing education, employment in the health sector, and having an occupation that matched their nursing education. These comparisons were made separately for women who were Canadian-born, Canadian-educated immigrants and foreign-educated immigrants and controlled for differences in educational and demographic characteristics.

Findings

Most racialized women were under-represented in terms of having a nursing education, which was a barrier to their inclusion in the nursing workforce. Having a Canadian nursing education eliminated most disparities between racialized and White women in terms of employment outcomes. Foreign-educated immigrant women experienced a large penalty in levels of workforce integration, and this penalty was mostly larger for those from racialized population groups than the White population group. Large proportions of foreign-educated immigrant women with a nursing education had non-health occupations or health occupations that underutilized their skills.

Originality/value

This study provides a granular perspective on disparities between racialized and White women in levels of employment and utilization in the nursing workforce. The analyses illustrate the need for disaggregated data to reveal where the disparities lie and the context in which these disparities emerge.
Steadfast Bubbles: a Palestinian soap company’s journey to globalization
Authors: Dewi Miranti Kartika , Wulandari Karina
Published: November 2024

Learning outcomes

By the end of this case study analysis, students are expected to understand the dynamics of global markets by identifying institutional voids in prospective export destinations using the framework by Khanna and Palepu; evaluate potential export destinations for Nablus Soap Company (NSC), taking into account the identified institutional voids and their implications for market entry.

Formulate strategies for NSC to address institutional voids and manage exports effectively to the selected country.

Assess various global expansion strategies beyond exporting for NSC, examining their respective advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility within the context of the company’s goals.

Analyze the factors that contributed to NSC’s successful expansion into 72 countries, despite the longstanding challenges faced by Palestinians since 1948, including the recent impact of the 2023 situation in Gaza on the West Bank.

Case overview/synopsis

This case study provides students with an in-depth understanding of the Palestinian economy, focusing on the NSC, a small and medium enterprise in the olive soap industry. Founded by Mojtaba Tbeleh in 1971, NSC’s legacy spans 400 years. It is known for crafting handmade, 100% natural soap with olive oil as a key ingredient. As of November 2023, NSC has successfully expanded its exports to more than 72 countries. Despite this achievement, the company faces significant challenges due to various restrictions, particularly those imposed by occupying forces. The case study provides insights into NSC’s international expansion challenges, guiding students in understanding how institutional voids in potential expansion destinations impact market entry decisions. It encourages them to identify these voids select appropriate markets and formulate strategies to leverage NSC’s global expansion potential.

Complexity academic level

This case study is suitable for undergraduate- or postgraduate-level students.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 5: International business.
Digital technologies usage for SMEs businesses’ continuity in developing countries amidst COVID-19 pandemic: technology strategies and associated challenges in Tanzania
Authors: Katalla Rebecca John , Masele Juma James
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gain empirical insights into the prevalence of usage of digital technologies and strategies that were deployed by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent of their usage and how they were integrated in the SMEs business to ensure their survival against the restrictive measures of COVID-19 containment. Furthermore, this study shades the light on challenges SMEs faced in the course to sustain their business.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a cross-sectional descriptive research design, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 120 SME managers in Dar es Salaam city. A response rate was 100 respondents, equivalent to 83% of the targeted sample size of 120. A simple random sampling was used. The collected data was analyzed descriptively.

Findings

The findings indicate that there was satisfactory level of digital technology integration for SMEs in Tanzania but not sufficient enough to ensure sustainability during pandemic. SMEs are urged to be prepared and acquaint themselves on the digitalization aspects for their business continuity. To make it easier for SMEs to embrace digitalization, technology manufacturers are urged to consider making digital technologies tailored made to fit the SMEs’ context. The study recommends for government support in terms of financial aid and education to enhance SMEs’ ability toward digitalization.

Originality/value

This study is of its own kind documenting the strategies and associated challenges the SMEs faced in the pursuit to sustain their businesses amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It thus advances mechanisms that SMEs may use to expand their business beyond their physical localities using digital technologies.
“I am sorry for judging you”: conceptualizing sentiment reversal among followers in case of falsely alleged social media influencer transgression
Authors: Sengupta Ishaan , Jain Kokil , Kar Arpan Kumar , Sharma Isha
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Influencer transgressions can disappoint their followers. However, there is a lack of clarity about the effects of a false allegation on an influencer–follower relationship. Drawing from cognitive dissonance and moral reasoning theory, the current study aims to examine how this relationship is shaped across three time periods (before the allegation is leveled, after the allegation is leveled, and when the allegation is found to be baseless).

Design/methodology/approach

We study comments posted by followers of two falsely alleged social media influencers (SMI) on their YouTube and Instagram channels. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) followed by netnography is used for thematic analysis. LDA is a social media topic modeling method that processes a statistically representative set of words to explain the tone and tenor of qualitative conversations. A sentiment analysis of the comments is done using SentiStrength.

Findings

When an allegation is leveled initially, the response from followers is overwhelmingly negative toward the influencer owing to moral coupling. However, when the allegations are proven to be false, the followers return to a positive opinion of the influencer, owing to feelings of dissonance and guilt.

Practical implications

The study contributes to the fields of influencer marketing, cognitive dissonance and moral reasoning. It highlights how endorsers can take advantage of the positive sentiment that arises once an accused SMI’s transgression is proven false.

Originality/value

This study introduces the concept of “Sentiment Reversal,” which is exhibited in the social media space. In this phenomenon, sentiments move from negative to positive toward the falsely accused SMI as they are vindicated of the previous charge.
An efficient single-shot global localization method for indoor mobile robots usingphase correlation
Authors: Du Song , Chen Tao , Wu Yijie
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purposes of this paper are to solve the low-efficiency problem caused by large search space in global localization and develop an efficient global localization method requiring only one 2D-LiDAR scan to match against the prior map for indoor mobile robots.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper solves the global localization problem using phase correlation as the underlying registration method. To obtain accurate rotation parameter, this paper exhaustively pre-rotates the prior map by a certain angle stride in advance. Then the input scan is matched against the pre-rotated maps one by one using phase correlation to determine translation parameters, and this paper constructs an orientation histogram by the correlation coefficients. The map rotation angle and corresponding translation parameters of the maximal peak value in the orientation histogram constitute the global pose. This paper applies a divide-and-conquer method to reduce the time consumption of single phase correlation and determines promising angle ranges where the maximal peak value may appear based on the periodicity of 90º in the orientation histogram with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to reduce execution times of phase correlation.

Findings

Both simulated and real experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves a high enough success rate and efficient (processing time in a second) global localization.

Originality/value

The proposed method constructs an orientation histogram to improve the global localization success rate and applies a divide-and-conquer method with SNR to improve efficiency, which will benefit the indoor mobile robots equipped with 2D-LiDAR.
Impact of improved cassava cultivars on income generation and food security of women farmers in Mkuranga district, Tanzania
Authors: George William
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of improved cassava cultivars on income generation and food security status of women farmers in Tanzania.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 300 respondents (150 with improved cassava cultivars and 150 without) who were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Double Difference, Descriptive Statistics were the analytical tools. The Cost-of-Calorie Index was used to measure food security status of the respondents.

Findings

Results show that Double Difference estimates indicated that the annual income of the women farmers with improved cassava cultivars increased by TZS 143,495.20 which was higher than that of the women farmers without improved cassava cultivars which increased by only TZS 58,500. There was a positive impact on income as a result of using the improved cassava cultivars. The Cost-of-Calorie Index showed that the food security line per adult equivalent per month was TZS 2,743.81 and TZS 2,076.69 for farmers with and without improved cassava cultivars respectively. About 66% of the women farmers with improved cassava cultivars and 33% of the women farmers without improved cassava cultivars were food secure. Policies should be formulated to encourage women farmers to adopt and sustain the use of improved cultivars of cassava.

Research limitations/implications

The research may be limited by its scope and generalizability, as it focuses on a specific geographic area (Mkuranga District) and demographic group (women farmers).

Social implications

The study shed light on the role of agricultural interventions in empowering women economically and enhancing their food security, potentially leading to improved social status and decision-making power within their households and communities.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by emphasizing the benefits for women farmers when using improved cassava cultivars for income generation and food sufficiency.
Service evaluation of a training initiative in participatory practice with children and young people for early help professionals
Authors: Martin Bernadette , Fox Julie , Archard Philip John , Lucas Steven , Susi Karima , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report findings from a service evaluation of a training initiative in participatory practice with children and young people (CYP) for early help (EH) professionals. The training was based on the Lundy model of child participation.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey was undertaken of staff completing the training. Within the sample of professionals surveyed, various work contexts were represented.

Findings

Reported benefits arising from the training included increased understanding of the utility of the tenets of the Lundy model, as well as changes in practice with CYP. Barriers and issues encountered in seeking to work in a participatory way were identified in relation to time for relationship-building, resources and interprofessional and interagency working.

Originality/value

The evaluation findings provide insight into ways training in participatory practice with CYP is experienced by EH professionals. The role of networks of practitioner champions in influencing participatory practice is also addressed, as well as the interface between participatory and relationship-based practice.
eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in business management research: a success/failure system perspective
Authors: Chang Tsung-Sheng , Bau Dong-Yih
Published: November 2024

Purpose

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an evaluation framework that allows users to understand artificial intelligence (AI) processes and increases the reliability of AI-produced results. XAI assists managers in making better decisions by providing transparency and interpretability in AI systems. This study explores the development of XAI in business management research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collects and analyzes business management research related to XAI using common management keywords as the basis. We used the success/failure system to explore its research guidelines XAI in business management.

Findings

The study found significant growth in XAI research within business management. This research will be discussed from various management disciplinary perspectives to help scholars understand the current research directions. Additionally, we utilize a success/failure system to explore how this theory can be applied to artificial intelligence and business management research.

Originality/value

The success/failure system offers a comprehensive framework encompassing the evolution of the cosmos, nature, and ecology. This theory can offer valuable insights for business management in XAI and competitive societies, governments, and enterprises, enabling them to formulate effective strategies for the future.
Can effective board drive environmental innovation? The moderating power of CSR committee
Authors: Abu Alia Muiz , Dwekat Aladdin , Meqbel Rasmi , Hannoun Tayf , Shakhshir Imtiyaz , Naser Aya
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of various board characteristics on environmental innovation (EI) among companies listed on the STOXX Europe 600. It also examines the moderating role of CSR committees on the board–EI nexus.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of companies listed on the STOXX Europe 600 index over 12 years (2011–2022). This study uses the Refinitiv Eikon database to evaluate the extent of EI. Panel data regression analysis is used, with two-stage least squares and lagged models used as robustness tests to control for endogeneity.

Findings

The results indicate that board independence and gender diversity significantly increase EI, whereas CEO duality negatively impacts it. Other board attributes, such as board size, show no impact on EI. In addition, the presence of CSR committees moderates these relationships, enhancing the positive effects of gender diversity and board independence and mitigating the negative impact of CEO duality.

Practical implications

This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and corporate strategists aiming to advance environmental responsiveness through strategic board composition and establishing CSR committees. Emphasizing the importance of board independence, gender diversity and CSR committees, the findings suggest practical pathways for enhancing the adoption of EI by creating governance structures that support sustainable practices.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the moderating role of CSR committees on the associations between board characteristics and EI. This research addresses a crucial gap in the current literature, enriching the understanding of corporate governance and sustainability. It provides critical insights for developing policies and strategies that promote EI through effective board composition and the implementation of CSR committees.
Shot selection and managerial efficiency in the NBA
Authors: Ehrlich Justin Andrew , Sanders Shane
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We introduce a novel type of basketball shot chart, a true shot chart, that incorporates total points, accounting for both field goals and free throws, corresponding to each shot taken. We then create a shot selection measure called shot selection efficiency that summarizes the efficiency of a team’s shot chart. Lastly, we validate the measure using fixed effects regression analysis and determine whether shot selection is priced efficiently in the NBA player labor market.

Design/methodology/approach

We utilize fixed effects regression analysis to validate a measure and also to determine managerial payroll efficiency in the NBA.

Findings

We find that shot selection efficiency is a source of wins not fully explained by team payroll. That is, it is not fully priced into the player labor market.

Research limitations/implications

Teams are in need of the shot chart summary measure provided, as they are not efficiently pricing players in the player labor market with respect to shot selection.

Originality/value

This research introduces a novel shot chart type for basketball as well as a novel shot chart summary measure. It also validates the measure and establishes an NBA player labor market inefficiency related to the measure.
Spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at Akhuwat foundation: a qualitative case study
Authors: Yousaf Ummara , Khan Muhammad Faizan , Khan Ismail , Khan Muhammad Zubair , Dogar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study endeavour is to delve into the perceptions and sense-making of both spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at the Akhuwat Foundation, a prominent social sector microfinance organization in the Muslim majority economy of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative research approach and an intrinsic instrumental case study research methodology, a series of 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions (each focus group contained five members) were conducted with employees and leaders at the Akhuwat Foundation of Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021.

Findings

The findings from thematic data analysis show that the spiritual leadership at Akhuwat Foundation implemented workplace spirituality by creating a spiritual environment, such as brotherhood, at the workplace. Moreover, the employees exercise workplace spirituality by voluntarily performing their duties at lesser salaries. Alternatively, spiritual leaders care for employees by reducing organizational problems and improving their employees’ well-being.

Research limitations/implications

Although this research explores spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in the national context of Pakistan, further investigation in other contexts is required to cross-check and validate the research findings.

Practical implications

Regulators and policymakers of organizations operating in Muslim-majority countries should focus on brotherhood, inspire employees through vision, resolve organizational challenges and create a spiritual environment for spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality to improve employee well-being, broader societal welfare and organization’s overall performance.

Originality/value

This study revealed new themes of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership in the organizational context of a Muslim-majority country, Pakistan, identified context-specific themes and enhanced the theory of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality.
Branching career pipelines: a latent class analysis of PHD students’ career intentions
Authors: Zhang Lanwen , Guo Fei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify patterns in the career intentions of PhD students and explore factors influencing these patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on data from the Nature 2019 global PhD survey, the paper uses latent class analysis to identify the number and types of patterns in PhD students’ career intentions. Multinomial logistic regressions are used to analyse the influential factors, and means comparisons are used to describe differences in study experiences among career intention patterns.

Findings

The paper reveals distinct career intentions among PhD students: Pure Academic Enthusiasts (25.60%), Research-Driven Flexibles (28.64%), Neutralists to Non-research (16.27%), Uncertain Career Explorers (13.63%) and Non-academia Pursuers (15.86%). Research-Driven Flexibles, inclusive of researching roles beyond academia, demonstrate similar engagement and academic skills but have more transferable skills compared to Pure Academic Enthusiasts. Uncertain Career Explorers express positivity but show relatively lower engagement and academic skills. Non-academia Pursuers spend above-average time on learning but have the weakest relationship with supervisors, participation in academic activities, campus environmental support and transferable skills. Older doctoral students with dual degrees are less likely to be Uncertain Career Explorers, while those motivated by academic interests are more likely to be Research-Driven Flexibles or Pure Academic Enthusiasts.

Originality/value

This study provides a more accurate multi-dimensional perspective of PhD students’ career intentions, extending previous research that focused solely on the type of work PhD students sought or the sector in which they desired to work.