bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quimiogenómica y Quimiogenética: Definiciones, técnicas y aplicaciones en el ámbito farmacéutico
Authors: Arroyo-Rodríguez Javier , González-Young Felipe , Hernández-Vega Raquel , Lizano-Quirós Cristian , Quesada-Murillo Josué , Mora-Román Juan José
Published: February 2020

En los años 80, tomó fuerza la ciencia dirigida al estudio del genoma humano, cuyo objetivo era mejorar la salud humana a través de la identificación de genes. Este estudio permitió el surgimiento de ciencias, entre ellas la Quimiogenómica y la Quimiogenética. La Quimiogenómica es un área interdisciplinaria que busca la sistematización del genoma al identificar, analizar, expandir y predecir las interacciones de los ligandos con las proteínas por medio de métodos in vitro e in silico. Por otro lado, la Quimiogenética se refiere al estudio de las características genéticas de un paciente para optimizar la Farmacoterapia y predecir la eficacia, los efectos secundarios y la dosificación de fármacos selectos. El conocimiento de las interacciones entre moléculas y proteínas específicas ayudaron al desarrollo de nuevas herramientas biotecnológicas y a la identificación de novedosas dianas farmacológicas que pudieran conducir a conocimientos más específicos. Algunas aplicaciones en estudio en el ámbito farmacéutico son los receptores diseñados exclusivamente activados por fármacos diseñados (DREADDs, por sus siglas en inglés). Con ellos se pretende que no se activen ante ligandos endógenos, sino en presencia de sintéticos. Actualmente existen muchas investigaciones en los cuales se estudian DREADDs para la identificación de neuronas y de vías de señalización involucradas en patologías como el miedo, la ansiedad, la depresión, la adicción y la obesidad.
Identificación molecular mediante código de barras de DNA de moscas Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) recolectadas en Costa Rica
Authors: Sandoval-Arias Shirleny , Morales-Montero Roberto , Araya-Valcerde Emanuel , Hernández-Calvajal Erick
Published: February 2020

La identificación del género Lucilia es importante cuando se recolectan adultos o larvas en casos forenses porque el intervalo post-mortem puede ser estimado. En este trabajo se analizó morfológica y molecularmente un panel de especímenes de Lucilia (n = 42) recolectados en Costa Rica, de los cuales el 21% de las muestras corresponden a moscas criadas a partir de larvas tomadas de cadáveres humanos. Morfológicamente, los ejemplares fueron identificados como Lucilia cuprina [1] (33,3% de los ejemplares), Lucilia eximia [1] (33,3%), Lucilia purpurascens [2] (21,4%) o miembros del complejo Lucilia (11,9%). La identificación molecular, con las regiones de la citocromo oxidasa I (COI) o de la subunidad ribosomal 28S, sólo fue posible para el 43% de las muestras. La mayoría de las secuencias obtenidas con COI fueron concordantes con los análisis morfológicos, pero la región 28S carecía de suficiente resolución para identificar muestras al nivel de especies, excepto para L. cuprina. Juntos, los datos genéticos y morfológicos indican que L. cuprina y L. eximia fueron las especies más comúnmente encontradas; las moscas criadas a partir de larvas tomadas de cadáveres humanos correspondieron sólo a estas especies. Hasta donde sabemos, este trabajo es el primero en Costa Rica y en la región centroamericana en describir la entomofauna cadavérica del género Lucilia, lo cual es valioso para el desarrollo de potenciales aplicaciones forenses.
Incidencia del aeropuerto Eldorado en la estructura espacial de la ciudad de Bogotá, periodo 1990–2010
Authors: Sánchez Puín Gabriel Arturo
Published: February 2020

Actualmente, los aeropuertos revelan nuevos aspectos como agentes dinamizadores del cambio urbano. Ya no son vistos como una infraestructura aislada de la ciudad, sino como parte estructural de la misma. En este artículo se presenta un análisis que usando técnicas de cartografía y análisis espacial  y basado en fuentes de información cartográfica y documental de entidades públicas y privadas, da a conocer aspectos sobre la incidencia del aeropuerto Eldorado en la estructura espacial de las localidades de Fontibón y Engativá, en la ciudad de Bogotá. El aeropuerto ha propiciado un desarrollo desigual en  las zonas de influencia, caracterizado por la concentración sobre el corredor de acceso, lo cual contrasta con los indicadores más bajos en sectores contiguos al aeropuerto. Entre tanto, coexisten otros espacios asociados a dinámicas locales ajenas al proceso modernizador del aeropuerto.
Impacto ambiental en áreas marginales del río Colorado, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Scherger Maira , Rosell María Patricia , Campo Alicia María
Published: February 2020

Las áreas marginales expuestas a la recurrencia de sequías -fenómenosclimáticos extremos- actúan como catalizador en el proceso de desertificación. El desarrollo sostenible es definido como aquel que satisface las necesidades del presente sin comprometer las necesidades de las futuras generaciones, esto implica la relación inseparable entre la sostenibilidad de un recurso y su contexto económico y social. En el presente trabajo se reconocen las transformaciones espaciales en el Valle Bonaerense del río Colorado a partir de la puesta en valor del río Colorado como recurso y se identifican y seleccionan los componentes ambientales impactados por las actividades agropecuarias. El agua, recurso natural que ofrece el río, ha sido el elemento organizador de este espacio que se caracteriza por la producción agrícola. En las últimas décadas las oportunidades económicas internacionales del mercado, han favorecido el incremento de superficies para tal fin. En consecuencia, el uso intensivo del suelo y la falta de adecuadas políticas de planificación impactan negativamente generando procesos de degradación de suelos que atentan el desarrollo sostenible de la región.
Fe de Erratas
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: February 2020

La Magíster Sonia Jimena Murillo Munar, autora del artículo titulado “Transporte urbano sostenible: medidas desde la administración y transporte público como alternativa en Bogotá”, publicado en el Volumen No. 13 correspondiente al año 2008, solicita la inclusión de la siguiente FE DE ERRATAS con la enmienda de un error de exclusiva responsabilidad del Equipo Editorial de la Revista.
Guía para los autores Versión 2012
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: February 2020

Perspectiva Geográfica es una revista especializada en estudios geográficos y de planificación territorial, dirigida a comunidades académicas, investigativas y del desarrollo territorial interesadas en temas geográficos y de ciencias afines, que publica artículos originales e inéditos de investigación científica y tecnológica, artículos de reflexión y artículos de revisión, referidos a la espacialidad de los fenómenos sociales, económicos, políticos, culturales y naturales, desde diversas perspectivas y enfoques teóricos. También acoge los estudios sobre aspectos técnicos y metodológicos del quehacer de los geógrafos, así como los trabajos de geografía aplicada en los campos de la geomática y la planificación territorial e investigaciones de frontera, que redunden en el desarrollo de la ciencia geográfica.
Guidelines for Authors Version 2012
Authors: Geográfica Perspectiva
Published: February 2020

Perspectiva Geográfica is a magazine specializing in geographic studies and spatial planning, aimed at academic communities, research and territorial development issues interested in geography and related sciences, which publishes original and unpublished scientific and technological research, reflection and revie warticles, referring to the spatiality of social, economic, political, cultural and natural phenomena, from various perspectives and theoretical approaches. This publication also welcomes studies on technical and methodological aspects of the work of geographers and applied geography work in the fields of geomatics and spatial planning and research frontier, which result in the development of geographical science.
La necesaria asunción de la prevención de riesgos laborales desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Blázquez Agudo Eva María
Published: February 2020

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Isolation and Partial Identification of Bacteria and Fungi from Fermentating Vegetable Garbage of Kitchen
Authors: Pooja Thapak  , Neelam Tripathi  , Ravi Upadhyay
Published: February 2020

Large quantities of kitchen waste are produced in modern society and its disposal poses serious environmental and social problems. The production of organic compound from the kitchen waste by microflora can minimize the kitchen waste toxin and environmental pollution. The organic compound are used in the food and beverages industries, pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics and biopolymer production. It was intended to isolate and partial identification of bacteria and fungi from fermentation of vegetable garbage of kitchen responsible for the biosynthesis of organic acid. The collected garbage was allowed to ferment for 2 months without any addition of nutritional supplements for the growth of natural microflora into the fermentating garbage. The liquid extract released during the process of fermentation was used to isolate various types of bacteria and fungi. The isolated bacteria and fungi were subjected to different test for partial identification of the microorganism. The outcomes of study indicates the presence Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus oryza, Alternaria species and Saccharomyces cereviceae in the kitchen waste. The results of this study suggest that the microorganism assist the production of organic compound in the kitchen waste.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Madhuca longifolia Flowers
Authors: Pradeep Pal  , Mughisa Nagori  , Dharmendra Makwana  , Ajay Sharma
Published: February 2020

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. Further, commercial antibiotic drugs caused side effects to body. However, herbal remedies often do not produce any side effects, and safe to be use. Hence the aim of the present study was to perform phytochemical study, and evaluate antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Madhuca longifolia against various bacterial and fungal species. The ethanol extract of flower of Madhuca longifolia were prepared and screened for phytochemical study. The different concentration of ethanol extract (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method. The phytochemical study indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenol in ethanol extract. The extract demonstrated the mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum antibacterial activity of extract was found on Staphylococcus aureus, while the highest antifungal activity was found on Aspergillus niger. The present study was concluded that the antimicrobial activity of Madhuca longifolia might be due to presence of flavonoids and polyphenol component.
Design and Characterization of Flucytosine Loaded Bioadhesive In Situ Ophthalmic Gel for Improved Bioavailability
Authors: Ram Garg  , Vikas Kumar  , Vandana Sharma
Published: February 2020

Flucytosine is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a gram negative bacteria. The study was planned to formulate in situ ocular gel of Flucytosine to prolong the pre-corneal residence time and gives the better bioavailability as compare to conventional dosage form. The in situ gel of Flucytosine was prepared by mixing with polymer of xanthan gum, HPMC and sodium alginate in different ratio. The six different formulations were prepared and evaluated for Clarity, visual appearance, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, in vitro drug release, kinetic model and ocular irritancy. The best formulation was subjected for stability study. The results of evaluation parameters were satisfactorily for all formulations, while F4 demonstrated maximum drug release at 8 hr and follow zero order drug release. The findings of ocular irritant indicates the F4 were non irritant and safe to use. The outcomes of stability study indicate that the F4 gel stored at room temperature and accelerated temperature were found to be comparatively stable. The study concluded that the in situ ocular gel of Flucytosine will be substitute for conventional eye drops in future.
2. APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) UNTUK PEMETAAN SEBARAN TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH ILEGAL DI KOTA BANJARBARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Mizwar Andy , Kartini Putri Rachmalia
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) ilegal dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui  pengamatan dan pengukuran secara langsung di lapangan serta studi pustaka. Seluruh data yang diperoleh, baik yang berbasis geografis maupun yang bersifat deskriptif dan numerik diolah dan dipetakan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak ESRI ArcView GIS 3.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kota Banjarbaru terdapat 64 lokasi TPS ilegal dan sebarannya dipengaruhi oleh jarak dari sungai, jarak dari jalan utama, jarak dari jalan lokal, tutupan lahan, kepadatan penduduk, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, cara membuang sampah, cakupan wilayah layanan pengangkutan sampah dan jarak dari TPS resmi.Kata kunci: Kalimantan Selatan, pembuangan sampah ilegal, pemetaan, sampah domestik, sistem informasi geografis
PENGARUH JENIS BAHAN ORGANIK PADA SISTEM RESAPAN BIOPORI MODIFIKASI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KIMIA TANAH SEBAGAI TEKNIK KONSERVASI TANAH
Authors: Muzaimah Muzaimah , Abdi Chairul , Razie Fakhrur
Published: February 2020

Kebanyakan lahan yang belum dikelola dengan baik dalam bidang pertanian maupun perkebunan tentunya lama kelamaan akan dapat berpengaruh terhadap kesuburan tanah yaitu menurunnya kualitas sifat kimia tanah pertanian/perkebunan.  Membuat lubang resapan biopori modifikasi dengan penambahan bahan organik merupakan salah satu upaya konservasi tanah untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan jenis bahan organik pada lubang resapan biopori modifikasi terhadap beberapa sifat kimia tanah.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dilahan perkebunan karet dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan masing-masing 4 kali ulangan yaitu variasi pemberian 4 jenis bahan organik seperti daun dan ranting kering, pupuk kompos , rumput/tanaman liar, kotoran ternak dan tanpa bahan organik sebagai kontrol dan variasi kedalaman sampel 0-50 cm dan 50-100 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penambahan jenis bahan organik menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap C-Organik tanah di kedalaman 0-50 cm maupun 50-100 cm serta Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) di kedalaman 50-100cm sedangkan dikedalaman 0-50 cm berbeda nyata, adapaun variasi kedalaman sampel diketahui tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedalaman 0-50 dan 50-100 cm terhadap C-Organik dan KTK. Kata Kunci : biopori modifikasi, C-organik, jenis bahan organic, konservasi tanah, KTK.  Most of the land that has not been managed well in agriculture and plantation certainly over time will be able to effect the soil fertility is declining quality of the chemical properties of agricultural land / plantation. Make biopori modifications with the addition of organic matter is a soil conservation efforts to solve these problems. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the type of organic material in the absorption holes biopori modifications to some of the chemical properties of the soil. This research was conducted in the land  rubber plantations and using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 of each treatment 4 replicates ie variation of 4 types of organic materials such as leaves and dry twigs, compost, grass / weeds, manure and without organic matter as a control and variation of the sample depth of 0-50 cm and 50-100 cm. Based on survey results revealed that the addition of organic material showed a no real different to the C-organic of soil at a depth of 0-50 cm and 50-100 cm in depth and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of 50-100 cm while at a depth 50-100 cm real different rent and  sample depth variations as there are no significant differences between the depth of 0-50 and 50-100 cm of the C-Organic and CEC. Keywords: CEC, C-organic, biopori modification, organic matter variety, soil conservation.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PASAR DI KECAMATAN LOA KULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)
Authors: Risman Zihan , Setiawan Yunianto , Meicahayanti Ika
Published: February 2020

Pasar Loa Kulu beroperasi setiap hari mulai pukul 06.00  – 17.00 WITA dan dikelola oleh Unit Pengelola Pasar. Pengelolaan sampah di pasar ini belum terkelola dengan baik sehingga perlu adanya pengelolaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik sampah dengan merancang dan merekomendasikan pengelolaan sampah pada sistem pemilahan, pewadahan, pengumpulan, dan pengangkutan sampah. Sistem pemilahan dan pewadahan dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah timbulan dengan hasil rata-rata 540,62 kg/hari dan karakteristik sampah berupa sampah organik sebanyak 492,95 kg/hari dan anorganik 47,66 kg/hari. Direkomendasikan dengan memberikan bak sampah berdasarkan karakteristik agar tidak tercampur. Sistem pengumpulan dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan sampah dari bak sampah hingga ke truk dan ditentukan alternatif rute pengumpulan sampah. Dibuat 3 alternatif rute pada bak sampah belakang dan rute optimum berada pada rute 1. Bak sampah depan dari 2 rute alternatif dipilih rute 2 sebagai rute optimum. Sistem pengangkutan dilakukan penentuan alternatif rute yang efektif dan efisien dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Arcgis 10.1. Sistem pengangkutan direncanakan dibuat celah pada bak truk sampah antara sampah organik dan anorganik dan dibuat 3 rute alternatif dari Pasar hingga ke TPA Bekotok. Sehingga dipilih rute 1 sebagai rute yang efektif dan efisien.Kata kunci: Pasar, Pemilahan, Pewadahan, Pengangkutan, Pengumpulan. Loa Kulu market operate every day starting at 06.00–17.00 WITA and managed by Unit Market Managers. Waste management in the market has not managed well by  market manager so that required management. The purpose of this research is knowing characteristic garbage to design and recommends waste management on system sorting, containers, collection, and disposal. The system sorting and containers done by counting the number of  pileup with the results average 540,62 kg/day and characteristic of the waste in from organic waste as many as 492, 95 kg/day and inorganic 47,66 kg/day. Recommended by giving a garbage based on characteristic that not mixed. Collection system done with gathering trash from garbage bins to dump truck and determined alternative routes garbage collection. Made 3 alternative routes garbage bins back and route steady be on a route 1. Gabage bins in front of 2 alternative route chosen route 2 as steady route. Transportation system done determination of an effective and efficient by using software Arcgis 10.1. Transportation system planned made a gap in the dump trucks between organic waste and inorganic and made 3 alternative route from market to landfill Bekotok. So chosen route 1 as the route effective and efficient.Keywords: Collection, Containers, Market, Sorting, Transportation.
SELEKSI TUMBUHAN PERDU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYUSUN VEGETASI RUANG HIJAU PERMUKIMAN
Authors: Rahmani Dienny R. , Wahyunah Wahyunah
Published: February 2020

Perdu sebagai salah satu penyusun vegetasi sering diabaikan atau bahkan dianggap sebagai tumbuhan tidak penting dan pengganggu bagi vegetasi di permukiman baik vegetasi komunalk maupun pribadi. Sementara itu, secara ekologis justru memiliki peranan dalam strata vegetasi yang seharusnya ada dan sebenarnya memiliki manfaat bagi kehidupan perkotaan. studi ini dilakukan untuk menyeleksi tumbuhan perdu yang dapat digunakan dalam vegetasi permukiman berdasarkan kelebihan ekologisnya dan tingkat preferensi masyarakat. kelebihan ekologis diperoleh dengan mendata karakteristik fisik tumbuhan perdu,kandungan karbon tersimpan, kemampuan merubah iklim mikro, dan kemudahan ditemukan. Preferensi masyarakat diperoleh menggunakan kuisioner dengan kriteria manfaat, estetika, dan jenis yang disukai. Jenis Perdu yang mudah ditemukan adalah jenis Octhocharis, Sauropus, Ficus, melastoma, chombrataceae, dan Cassia. Perdu yang memenuhi kriteria baik secara ekologis maupun preferensi masyarakat adalah Jenis chombrataceae dan Cassia sehingga cocok untuk ruang hijau pribadi dan komunal. Sedangkan yang hanya memenuhi kriteria ekologis adalah Jenis Sauropus dan Ficus, sehingga cocok untuk alternatif ruang hijau komunal.Kata kunci :   ruang hijau komunal, ruang hijau permukiman, ruang hijau pribadi, tumbuhan perdu, vegetasi penyusun ruang hijau. Shrubs as one of the vegetation component are often ignored or even considered as non-essential and disruption plant in both communal and private vegetation component. Meanwhile, ecologically it has a role in the vegetation level that should exist and actually has benefits for urban life. this study was conducted to select shrubs that can be used as one of  vegetation component based on their ecological benefit and the level of sociaty preferences. ecological benefit data obtained by collecting physical characteristics of shrub plants, carbon storage, micro-climate change capability, and ease of discovery. Public preferences were obtained using questionnaires using citeria like benefit, aesthetic, and preferred type of plant. The types of shrubs that easy to find are Octhocharis, Sauropus, Ficus, melastoma, chombrataceae, and Cassia. Shrubs that meet the criteria both ecologically and socially preferable are the Chombrataceae and Cassia that is suitable for both private and communal green spaces. While those that only meet the ecological criteria are Type Sauropus and Ficus, that only suitable for green communal spaces alternative vegetation. Kata kunci :   Communal green space, green space vegetation component, private green space, residential green space, woody shrub plant.
KLASIFIKASI PENGENALAN MOTIF BATIK BERBASIS IMAGE RETRIVAL
Authors: Sari Yuslena
Published: February 2020

Batik Indonesia, sebagai warisan budaya telah memiliki sejarah yang cukup panjang. Sehingga saat ini berbagai jenis batik saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain, yang mengakibatkan adanya beberapa jenis batik yang memiliki lebih dari satu motif (biasanya disebut batik multi-label). Motif batik tradisional tidak dibuat secara sembarangan, tetapi mengikuti aturan-aturan yang ketat. Dari hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian untuk klasifikasi motif batik. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan motivasi kaum wanita untuk kembali menekuni aktivitas membatik dan juga sebagai sarana terwujudnya kesetaraan gender. Mengingat saat ini sudah semakin jarang wanita yang mempunyai keterampilan membatik. Penelitian ini menggunakan klasifikasi berbasis image retrival dengan perhitungan jarak Euclidean. Dari penelitian ini akan diketahui akurasi yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci: image retrival, jarak euclidean, motif batik. Indonesian batik, as a cultural heritage has a long history. So that at this time various types of batik influence each other, which results in several types of batik that have more than one motif (usually called multi-label of batik). Traditional batik motifs are not made carelessly, but follow strict rules. From this research is carried out for the classification of batik motifs. It is expected that the results of this study can increase the motivation of women to return to batik activities and also as a means of achieving gender equality. Considering that there are now fewer and fewer women who have batik skills. This study uses image retrival-based classification with Euclidean distance calculation. From this research will be known the accuracy produced.
PERAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM PERENCANAAN KOTA SEBAGAI POTENSI PEMBENTUK SMART CITY
Authors: Caesarina Hanny Maria , Saubari Nahdi
Published: February 2020

Ruang terbuka hijau telah dikenal memiliki peranan yang penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan perkotaan. Ruang terbuka hijau dalam perencanaan kota kerap dianggap sebagai elemen pendukung terwujudnya smart city. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan seberapa jauh peran ruang terbuka hijau lewat penyediaan wifi corner dalam perencanaan kota menuju konsep smart city. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan observasi, survey lapangan dan serangkaian wawancara. Studi kasus yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah dua kota di Kalimantan Selatan, yaitu Banjarmasin dan Banjarbaru yang telah memiliki konsep smart city. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruang terbuka hijau dalam perencanaan kota memiliki potensi yang kuat sebagai elemen pembentuk smart city. Apabila ruang terbuka hijau suatu kota telah direncanakan dengan baik dari berbagai segi fasilitas dan terkoneksi dengan jaringan internet yang berkualitas, maka dengan sendirinya konsep smart city akan lebih mudah dicapai. Kata kunci: perencanaan kota, ruang terbuka hijau, smart city, wifi corner. Green space has an important role in enhancing environmental quality of a city. Green space often considered as a supporting element for the concept of smart city. This research intended to acknowledge the role of green space through the installation of wifi corner in urban planning towards smart city. The methods that has been used was descriptive qualitative through observation, field survey and interviews. The case study in this research were Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru which already has the smart city concepts. The result shows that green space in urban planning is a potential element towards smart city. A well good planned green space with all the facilities that connected to a good internet network in a city might help forming the concept of smart city. Keywords: green space, smart city, urban planning, wifi corner.
PENINGKATAN KANDUNGAN LIPID DAN BIOMASSA Mikroalga Scenedesmus Sp. DARI MEDIA KULTIVASI LIMBAH CAIR TAHU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL
Authors: Elystia Shinta , Lestari Aisyah Sri , Muria Sri Rezeki
Published: February 2020

Sumber energi semakin berkurang diiringi dengan semakin besarnya kebutuhan energi. Hal ini dapat diantisipasi dengan melakukan pencarian sumber energi terbarukan. Upaya untuk mengantisipasi kelangkaan energi adalah dengan memanfaatkan mikroalga sebagai bahan baku bioenergi. Mikroalga Scenedesmus sp. adalah salah satu species yang memiliki kadar lipid tertinggi yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Oleh karena itu untuk memperoleh biomassa yang besar, perlu dilakukan kultivasi. Salah satu media kultivasi adalah limbah cair tahu. Kandungan pada limbah cair tahu dapat menjadi nutrisi bagi pertumbuhan mikroalga. Senyawa organik dan anorganik dalam limbah diserap mikroalga dan dihasilkan oksigen yang dapat mengurangi kadar COD dalam limbah. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini perbedaan volume limbah cair tahu sebesar 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% serta intensitas cahaya 1000 lux - 4000 lux pada Fotoperiod Terang: Gelap (T:G) 12:12. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah sel, lipid dan efisiensi penyisihan COD. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kondisi optimal pada volume limbah cair tahu 20% dan intensitas cahaya 4000 lux dengan jumlah sel 6.63 x 106 sel/ml, lipid 29.73 % serta penyisihan COD 78,26%.  Kata Kunci: COD, Intensitas Cahaya, Lipid, Volume Limbah Cair Tahu, Scenedesmus sp. The source of energy decreases accompanied by the increasingly large demand for energy. This can be anticipated by searching for renewable energy sources.The effort to anticipate energy scarcity by using microalgae as a raw material of bioenergy. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. is one of the species that has the highest lipid content that can be used as a raw material of biodiesel. Therefore, to obtain large biomass, needs to be done of cultivation. One of the cultivation media is tofu waste water. The content of tofu waste water can be a nutrient for microalgae growth. Organic and inorganic compounds in waste are absorbed by microalgae and oxygen is produced which can reduce levels of COD in waste. The treatment in this study was the difference in the volume of tofu waste water by 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% and the light intensity of 1000 lux - 4000 lux in the Light: Dark (T: G) Photoperiod 12:12. Parameters observed were cell count, lipid and COD removal efficiency. Based on the results of the study obtain optimal conditions in the volume tofu waste water 20% and light intensity 4000 lux with cell numbers 6.63 x 106 cells / ml, 29.73% lipid and COD removal eficiency 78.26%. Keywords: COD, Light Intensity, Lipid, Scenedesmus sp., Tofu Waste Water,
BESARAN LAJU EROSI DAN JUMLAH SIDEMENTASI PADA SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) RIAM KANAN KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Khair Riza Miftahul , NNPS Rd Indah Nirtha , Prihatini Nopi Stiyati , Abdi Chairul , Kamal Mustafa
Published: February 2020

DAS Riam Kanan merupakan kawasan lindung yang memiliki nilai strategis karena terdapat waduk Riam Kanan yang berfungsi sebagai sarana pengendali banjir dan kekeringan, pemasok kebutuhan air, keperluan domestik dan industri, keperluan irigasi dan pengembangan perikanan serta pembangkit listrik. Dengan adanya hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana laju erosi untuk selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengelolaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai laju erosi lahan di DAS Riam Kanan dengan metode MUSLE, RUSLE, USLE. Analisis perhitungan laju erosi dengan metode USLE sebesar 35,83 ton/ha/th dengan besar kehilangan tanah 5.905.845,198 ton/th, metode MUSLE sebesar 76,61 ton/ha/th dengan besar kehilangan tanah 12.622.104,992 ton/th dan metode RUSLE sebesar 92,41 ton/ha/th dengan besar kehilangan tanah 15.225.669,372 ton/th. Laju erosi ketiga metode dapat dirasiokan sebesar 1 : 2,14 : 2,58 Kata Kunci :  DAS, Erosi, Sedimentasi Watershed of Riam Kanan protected areas that have strategic value because there is serves as a means of controlling floods and droughts, water suppliers, domestic and industrial purposes, irrigation and development purposes fisheries as well as power plants. Related to this research needs to be done in order to obtain the information the extent to which the rate of erosion that occurs and then is expected to be used as the basis for sustainable land management. This research aims to get the value of the rate of soil erosion land in Riam Kanan watershed using USLE, MUSLE, RUSLE. The results of the analysis of the rate of erosion of USLE 35.83 method using tons/ha/yr with huge loss of land of 5,905,845.198 tons/yr, MUSLE method of 76.61 tonnes/ha/yr with huge loss of land of 12,622,104.992 tons/yr and the RUSLE method of 92.41 tonnes/ha/yr with the huge loss of land 15,225,669.372 tons/yr. Ratio a comparison of the rate of erosion the third method of 1:2.14:2.58  Keywords :  erosion, sedimentation, Watershed
Construir la Historia a través de las competencias educativas en la enseñanza universitaria
Authors: Molina Torres Mª del Pilar , Niveau de Villedary y Mariñas Ana Mª , Ortiz Urbano Raimundo Francisco
Published: February 2020

Con este trabajo se implementaron las distintas competencias educativas presentes en los proyectos curriculares relacionados con el área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Historia. Como objetivo principal nos propusimos contextualizar al alumnado de tercer curso del Grado de Educación Primaria con la elaboración de una serie de talleres didácticos y con ello contribuir a la preservación y valoración que el Patrimonio Histórico tiene en nuestra realidad social. Mediante una metodología investigativa se llevarán a cabo varias tareas prácticas, como pequeños trabajos de investigación, la realización de maquetas históricas referentes al tema elegido en el itinerario didáctico que volcarán en un blog de aula grupal y una visita al Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba. Los resultados se centraron en la interrelación de dos ramas diferentes de conocimiento (Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades), lo que nos permitió trabajar de manera interdisciplinar para concretar en la práctica las diferentes actividades y adentrarnos en una experiencia real de Educación Patrimonial. En conclusión, la finalidad de esta experiencia didáctica es que los estudiantes puedan aplicarlas y llevarlas a un escenario práctico de innovación educacional.
Guest Editorial: What Do We Want From Our Wells: Drilled Fast or Drilled Right?
Authors: Clegg John
Published: February 2020

Guest editorial

I have been proud to be a member of DSATS, SPE’s Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section, for many years, currently serving as a board member. I think DSATS can be rightly proud of what it has achieved, and it is good to see drilling rig automation increasing as the industry realizes its benefits—solving problems including rigsite safety and consistency, and creating opportunities such as more efficient operations and, there-fore, cheaper wells drilled more quickly.

We don’t talk so much about downhole automation of the drilling process, specifically directional drilling, even though it too is gradually progressing. What problems might it solve and what opportunities might it create? I am going to argue that the opportunity is huge, if only we look in the right place. The opportunity is not only to reduce the cost of drilling the well but also to increase its value.

A recent commentary on lifting costs from US basins published in JPT (August 2019) mentioned multiple ways of reducing drilling time and saving money (including driving down service company pricing, which may well not be a suitable solution) in order to reduce the break-even oil price. But it did not mention the other side of the equation—increasing the value of the well once drilled by maximizing ultimate recovery.

How can automation of directional drilling increase the value of the well? In my role with DSATS, and in collaboration with other SPE technical sections, I was fortunate to lead the subcommittee organizing a special session at the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE). The theme of the session was “The Automation of Well Placement.” We heard from experts on directional drilling and surveying, and to create some tension in the ensuing panel session, we looked for an expert in production. Shauna Noonan, now SPE President, filled that role for us and gave the room valuable insight into some of the damage we can do if we ignore wellbore quality and tortuosity in our quest for speed. Many others have written about the cost of poor well quality: drilling cost in terms of torque and drag, and stuck pipe; potential issues with cementing and running completions; failures of production equipment, including rods and electrical submersible pumps; and production problems such as liquid holdup from vertical undulations in the lateral.

According to 2016 data from the US Energy Information Administration, the typical cost of a US onshore well is between $4.9 million and $8.3 million. Based on analysis of operator investor relations presentations, typical ultimate recovery from a Permian Basin well is between 500,000 and 750,000 bbl. If we increase the cost of the well slightly by drilling more carefully and not trying to drill as fast as possible, do we increase its value by a larger amount? Is it a good tradeoff? I am convinced that we do, and that it is—but who knows? I do not believe that we have the numbers, or consensus, to decide.
Succeeding at Petroleum Engineering in a Digital Age
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: February 2020

Q Engineering sells a cloud-based program that statistically predicts future production. Using its Typecurve Studio, a user can forecast 500 decline curves a minute after the data are downloaded from a database, said Mark Bahorich, the cofounder of Q, which was recently acquired by Enervus. Doing that manually would take from 2–5 minutes per well, or about 16–42 hours, he said.

The downside of having a machine do it is that engineers once earned good money doing those boring jobs. If one person can do what 10 to 20 people once did, “you are getting rid of 9 or 19 jobs, or they need to find new stuff to do,” said Nathan Meehan, president of Gaffney, Cline, and Associates and 2016 SPE president.

Long-term careers in petroleum engineering in the future will depend on an engineer’s ability to find valuable things to do.

It is not a new challenge. Exploration and production is a cyclical business where engineers are possible targets when business slumps and cost cutting is required. Survivors often have additional skills, such as project management, team leadership, digital knowledge, or specialized technical knowledge.

During a presentation on lessons learned during a long career in the oil business, Hon-Chung Lau, a professor in the Department of Civil and Environment Engineering at the National University of Singapore, described the decades of effort required over a career, which he breaks into three, 12-year stages (SPE 196027).

Those who successfully reach the last stage of their career may feel secure. But Lau warns, “That is the stage when your career may be at risk.” Those who see a hefty paycheck as a sign of their value to the organization need to consider that earning the same salary as two new hires could make them a layoff target, he said during a presentation at the 2019 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.
Water Flood Curtailment - Pro and Con
Authors: Menzie Donald E. , Cole Frank W.
Published: February 2020

Secondary Recovery Symposium, 5–6 May, Wichita Falls, Texas

Introduction

The problem of water flood curtailment is not new. In 1930, in Pennsylvania, a surplus of crude oil forced the oil producers of that area to restrict their producing rates. Since that time, water flood curtailment has been considered or imposed in other operating areas. The problem has not been acute until the last two or three years, when, due primarily to a large influx of cheaper foreign oil, allowable producing rates have been reduced markedly. As the relative percentage of water-flood production to total production continues to increase, the problem of water flood curtailment again presents itself. For evidence of the importance of the problem, consider present Oklahoma production, where daily water-flood production is approximately 140,000barrels, compared to a daily unallocated primary production of 156,000. On a depth basis, the unallocated production is approximately comparable to the water-flood production. A large percentage of existing water floods are at relatively shallow depths. If these shallow floods could be curtailed without serious loss of ultimate recoverable oil, this would seem to be the desirable thing to do. On the other hand, if curtailment of these water floods would result in substantial loss of otherwise recoverable oil, then in the interest of conservation, these operations should not be curtailed until it becomes absolutely necessary.

There has been a great deal of discussion regarding the effects of waterflood curtailment. Most of the written and verbal material has been to support a specific contention. The purpose of this paper is to consider objectively the evidence on both sides of the argument, and to analyze these arguments in the light of our present-day technology.

The problem of water flood curtailment is often clouded by discussion of low rates versus high rates of water injection. If a water flood is to be curtailed it will probably be necessary to restrict the producing rates only during the peak oil-production period, which is a relatively small period in the over-all flood. It is this type of curtailment which will be considered in this discussion.
A Novel Method of Recovering Heavy Viscous Crude Oils and Tar By Combined In Situ Thermal Treatment and Gravity Drainage
Authors: Pirson S.J. , Wong T.K. , Ramsey P.E.
Published: February 2020

Secondary Recovery Symposium, 5–6 May, Wichita Falls, Texas

A Review Of Existing Methods Of Thermal Oil Recovery

Thermal methods of oil recovery are presently at the forefront of the research efforts directed at increasing the recovery of oil.

Existing techniques may be classed in various groups:Forward Thermal Drives wherein it is desired to increase the bulk of the reservoir temperature for the purpose of lowering crude oil viscosity in place and/or of liberating solution gas.

Subclasses of this group are:reservoir heating throughout the bulk of the pay.reservoir heating through an induced fracture while simultaneously driving the oil by an external agent.reservoir heating through an induced fracture followed by a delayed external drive after fracture plugging.

The reservoir heating means may be hot water (from warm to very hot in temperature), dry steam, exhaust gases, hot gases, or a combination thereof.

The reservoir prerequisites for the application of such a process are:the absence of a gas cap and the presence of a dispersed gas phase within the oil zone, i.e., permeability to gas must exist through the bulk of the pay.fracturing from well to well must be possible.fracture realing from well to well must be possible.

A field project of this type was the Carter Research experiment in Vernon County, Missouri, where steam was injected into the Bluejacket sand at shallow depth. Another project of this type has been initiated in the Shallow Carrizos and overlying the Camp Hill field, Anderson County, Texas.

A similar project is the injection of hot water in the Cardium sand, Pembina field, Canada, but the avowed objective of the project is not increased recovery but rather an increase in water injection rate because of the reduced viscosity of the hot water.

The operation suggested by Squires and Merriam (1) to burn coal in place in a deposit closely related to the oilfield and to inject the combustion gases into the oil sand is closely related to this process.

2. Forward Continuous Combustion Drive with a Combustion Front substantially vertical and extending through the bulk of the pay thickness, gravity affects being negligible in achieving oil recovery. Combustion may be principally that of the gases of injection or of some of the oil in place.

Characteristics of this type of drive are that all the reservoir fluids are in motion most of the time and perhaps at all times, i.e., oil, water, and gases are simultaneously in motion in the porous reservoir rock. Such a three phase flow operation requires high differential pressure to achieve an economic producing rate.
Size and Shape of Asphaltic Particles in Petroleum
Authors: Witherspoon Paul A. , Munir Zuhair A.
Published: February 2020

Fall Meeting of the Los Angeles Basin Section, 16–17 October, Los Angeles, California

Through application of centrifugal forces of 80,000 times gravity, asphaltic particles of colloidal dimensions were sedimented from a wide selection of crude oils ranging from 18° to 46°API. From theoretical considerations, the molecular weights of these asphaltic particles must be of the order of 10,000to 100,000 which corresponds to particles about 30 to 65 Å in size. Other smaller particles in crude oil that may be asphaltic in character are suspected.

Detailed analytical ultracentrifuge studies of asphaltic sediment centrifuged from three Illinois crude oils have shown that this material is composed of spherical asphaltene particles with a density of 1.22 g/cc and an average diameter of 40 Å, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 30,000.The sediment contains only one class of particles with a rather limited range in size, estimated to be from 35 to 45 Å. A spherical shape for these particles is indicated by both electron microscopic investigations and relative viscosity measurements in dilute benzene solutions. The dimensions of these particles in their natural state in petroleum are believed essentially the same as obtained in these analytical studies.

Introduction

The nature of asphaltic substances in petroleum has been a matter of interest for many years. The industry has been confronted with such problems as the effect of these substances on the recovery of oil from the reservoir, their precipitation as troublesome deposits in producing equipment their role informing emulsions, and their stability in refined fuel oils.

One concept important in all these problems concerns the question of whether or not asphaltic substances exist in petroleum as particles that are significantly larger than the hydrocarbon molecules comprising the bulk of the oil. In other words, are there particles (or perhaps macromolecules) in crude oil of such dimensions as to fall within the colloidal range of 10 to 5000 Å(0.000,000,04 to 0.000,02 in.)? Such particles, if present in crude oil, must be intimately involved with the other constituents, and by the very nature of colloidal systems, one would expect the physical and chemical properties of petroleum to be influenced significantly. Although workers in the past have suspected that asphaltic colloids exist in petroleum, a number of studies have been made without being able to prove this important point. Recently, however., the ultracentrifuge has been used to demonstrate that crude oils do contain asphaltic particles of colloidal dimensions.
Contact Angle Hysteresis on Aquagels
Authors: Michaels A.S. , Lummis R.C.
Published: February 2020

AIChE-SPE Joint Symposium on Wetting and Capillarity in Fluid Displacement Processes, 17–20 May, Kansas City, Missouri

Micrographic studies of drops of methylene iodide on agar aqua gel surfaces reveal substantial contact - angle hysteresis, which is virtually independent of agar concentration. Maximum advancing and minimum receding angles obey the relation cos theta A + cos theta R = 2cos theta E where theta E is the equilibrium contact angle made by methylene iodide on a plane liquid water surface. These observations, and consideration of the microstructure of gels, are at variance with theories of hysteresis based on surface contamination, surface roughness. and surface heterogeneity. A new theory of contact angle hysteresis on solids is presented which, by analysis of molecular energetics, ascribes the phenomenon solely to the lack of free lateral mobility of the molecules in solid surfaces.

Introduction

When a drop of liquid is brought into contact with the surface of a solid (or of another liquid with which it is immiscible), it will either spread without limit on that surface, or retain Its identity as a drop, attaining an apparent equilibrium configuration on the surface such that a characteristic angle is formed between the tangent to the liquid surface at its point of contact with the substrate, and a line parallel to the substrate surface at that point. This so-called contact angle is usually considered to be determined solely by the magnitudes of the free energies of the three interfaces defining the line of contact at which the angle is measured.

When the three phases under consideration are fluid (e.g., liquid-liquid-gas), the three interfacial free energies manifest themselves as contractile tensions acting tangentially to the surfaces at all points. Under these circumstances, a single two-dimensional force-balance is adequate to establish an equilibrium value for the contact angle in terms of these surface tensions.