bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next‐Generation Metabolic Glycosylation Reporters Enable Detection of Protein O−GlcNAcylation in Living Cells without S‐Glyco Modification
Authors: Kufleitner Markus , Haiber Lisa Maria , Li Shuang , Surendran Harsha , Mayer Thomas U. , Zumbusch Andreas , Wittmann Valentin
Published: March 2024

Protein O−GlcNAcylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification of cytosolic and nuclear proteins involved in numerous fundamental regulation processes. Investigation of O−GlcNAcylation by metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) has been carried out for two decades with peracetylated N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N‐acetylgalactosamine derivatives modified with varying reporter groups. Recently, it has been shown that these derivatives can result in non‐specific protein labeling termed S‐glyco modification. Here, we report norbornene‐modified GlcNAc derivatives with a protected phosphate at the anomeric position and their application in MGE. These derivatives overcome two limitations of previously used O−GlcNAc reporters. They do not lead to detectable S‐glyco modification, and they efficiently react in the inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction, which can be carried out even within living cells. Using a derivative with an S‐acetyl‐2‐thioethyl‐protected phosphate, we demonstrate the protein‐specific detection of O−GlcNAcylation of several proteins and the protein‐specific imaging of O−GlcNAcylation inside living cells by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) visualized by confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
Epoxide Ring‐Opening Reactions for Abundant Production of Mugineic Acids and Nicotianamine Probes
Authors: Kayano Kimika , Tsutsumi Tomohiro , Murata Yoshiko , Ogasa Chie , Watanabe Takehiro , Sato Ryota , Karanjit Sangita , Namba Kosuke
Published: March 2024

A succinct synthetic approach to mugineic acids and 2’‐hydroxynicotianamine was established. Unlike all other synthetic methods, this approach utilized epoxide ring‐opening reactions to form two C−N bonds and is characterized by the absence of redox reactions. Mugineic acid was synthesized from three readily available fragments on a gram scale in 6 steps. The protected 2’‐hydroxynicotianamine was also synthesized in 4 steps, and the dansyl group, serving as a fluorophore, was introduced through a click reaction after propargylation of the 2’‐hydroxy group. The dansyl‐labeled nicotianamine (NA) iron complexes were internalized by oocytes overexpressing ZmYS1 (from maize) or PAT1 (from human) transporters, indicating successful transport of the synthesized NA‐probe through these transporters.
Covalent Organic Frameworks: Linkage Chemistry and Its Critical Role in The Evolution of π Electronic Structures and Functions
Authors: He Chunyu , Tao Shanshan , Liu Ruoyang , Zhi Yongfeng , Jiang Donglin
Published: March 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a molecular platform for designing a novel class of functional materials with well‐defined structures. A crucial structural parameter is the linkage, which dictates how knot and linker units are connected to form two‐dimensional polymers and layer frameworks, shaping ordered π‐array and porous architectures. However, the roles of linkage in the development of ordered π electronic structures and functions remain fundamental yet unresolved issues. Here we report the designed synthesis of COFs featuring four representative linkages: hydrazone, imine, azine, and C=C bonds, to elucidate their impacts on the evolution of π electronic structures and functions. Our observations revealed that the hydrazone linkage provides a non‐conjugated connection, while imine and azine allow partial π conjugation, and the C=C bond permits full π‐conjugation. Importantly, the linkage profoundly influences the control of π electronic structures and functions, unraveling its pivotal role in determining key electronic properties such as band gap, frontier energy levels, light absorption, luminescence, carrier density and mobility, and magnetic permeability. These findings highlight the significance of linkage chemistry in COFs and offer a general and transformative guidance for designing framework materials to achieve electronic functions.
Chiral Osmium(II)/Salox Species Enabled Enantioselective γ‐C(sp3)−H Amidation: Integrated Experimental and Computational Validation For the Ligand Design and Reaction Development
Authors: Chen Weijie , Xu Huiying , Liu Fu‐Xiaomin , Chen Kaifeng , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: March 2024

Herein, multiple types of chiral Os(II) complexes have been designed to address the appealing yet challenging asymmetric C(sp3)−H functionalization, among which the Os(II)/Salox species is found to be the most efficient for precise stereocontrol in realizing the asymmetric C(sp3)−H amidation. As exemplified by the enantioenriched pyrrolidinone synthesis, such tailored Os(II)/Salox catalyst efficiently enables an intramolecular site‐/enantioselective C(sp3)−H amidation in the γ‐position of dioxazolone substrates, in which benzyl, propargyl and allyl groups bearing various substituted forms are well compatible, affording the corresponding chiral γ‐lactam products with good er values (up to 99 : 1) and diverse functionality (>35 examples). The unique performance advantage of the developed chiral Os(II)/Salox system in terms of the catalytic energy profile and the chiral induction has been further clarified by integrated experimental and computational studies.
Modification of Polysulfide Surfaces with Low‐Power Lasers
Authors: Mann Abigail K. , Lisboa Lynn S. , Tonkin Samuel J. , Gascooke Jason R. , Chalker Justin M. , Gibson Christopher T.
Published: March 2024

The modification of polymer surfaces using laser light is important for many applications in the nano‐, bio‐ and chemical sciences. Such capabilities have supported advances in biomedical devices, electronics, information storage, microfluidics, and other applications. In most cases, these modifications require high power lasers that are expensive and require specialized equipment and facilities to minimize risk of hazardous radiation. Additionally, polymer systems that can be easily modified by lasers are often complex and costly to prepare. In this report, these challenges are addressed with the discovery of low‐cost sulfur copolymers that can be rapidly modified with lasers emitting low‐power infrared and visible light. The featured copolymers are made from elemental sulfur and either cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene. Using a suite of lasers with discreet wavelengths (532, 638 and 786 nm) and powers, a variety of surface modifications could be made on the polymers such as controlled swelling or etching via ablation. The facile synthesis and laser modification of these polymer systems were exploited in applications such as direct laser lithography and erasable information storage.
A healing place: Reimagining the modern botanic garden as a physic garden
Authors: Entwisle Tim
Published: March 2024

I have long promoted botanic gardens as a potent mix of nature, culture and science. Triggered by the COVID‐19 pandemic and the community's changing relationship with outdoor spaces, I want to add another vital element: the botanic garden as a reimagined physic garden. Not just a collection of medicinal plants, but a healing place. The value of nature, of gardens, and particularly of botanic gardens, for keeping us in “good health” is, if not self‐evident, then progressively confirmed by social research. The modern botanic garden as a physic garden embraces the creation and further development of botanic gardens in places where there are more people than “natural” diversity of plants; encourages a medical approach to addressing complex problems like climate change—targeting the root causes first, curing if possible, or if not, relieving symptoms and build resistance; favors a triaging approach to conservation for more effective use of resources; and provides plant rescue and restoration as the equivalent of a human Intensive Care Unit, with “plant ambulances” dispatched after natural (including human‐induced) disasters. Our landscapes and collections are for many their first contact with a complex plant environment—nature. That contact is also good for our health.
Superfetation and heterotopic pregnancy: Case report of two rare phenomena coexisting and implications in the era of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Badran Merhan , Labib Mazed , Abouali Omar , Pokhrel Prakriti
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

To raise awareness about the increasing incidence of superfetation and heterotopic pregnancy in patients with ovarian induction, their insidious symptoms of abdominal pain, anemia, and hemodynamic instability in early pregnancy, and the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and quantitative beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (b‐hCG) for diagnosis.

Superfetation, occurrence of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation during an ongoing pregnancy and heterotopic pregnancy (HP) simultaneous presence of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies are infrequent phenomena. We report a case where both coexisted, challenges in diagnosis and management and association with the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). A 32‐year‐old woman, who previously underwent ovulation induction therapy, presented with abdominal pain at 8 weeks pregnancy according to her last menstrual period. The patient had high quantitative serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (b‐hCG) (30,883 mIU/mL). She was vitally stable and not anemic. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) revealed two pregnancies at different gestational ages: an intrauterine pregnancy at 5 weeks and 3 days, and a right intact tubal ectopic pregnancy at 10 weeks and 5 days. Superfetation resulting in HP was then diagnosed. Subsequently, the patient underwent right laparoscopic salpingectomy. The intrauterine pregnancy progressed normally, resulting in delivery of a healthy full‐term neonate via Cesarean section at 38 weeks. Superfetation is typically rare from suppression of follicular development and ovulation during pregnancy. Various theories have been proposed to explain its etiology, including polyovulation, delayed blastocyst implantation, and abnormal estrogen and b‐hCG surges. In superfetation, an embryo resulting from a previous conception coexists with another embryo, either intrauterine, resulting in diamniotic dizygotic twins with significantly different gestational ages, or extrauterine resulting in HP. Despite being particularly challenging to diagnose because its presenting symptoms can overlap with those of other more common clinical conditions in early pregnancy, HP is increasingly seen with ARTs. In addition, the treatment of HP is versatile, ranging from expectant management to laparoscopic surgery. High level of suspicion for HP and superfetation is crucial in patients who, after ART, present with abdominal pain, hemodynamic instability, or anemia. Additionally, patients planning to undergo subsequent ART cycles should be thoroughly screened with b‐hCG and TVUS to exclude an ongoing intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancy.
Solid‐State Glass Nanopipettes: Functionalization and Applications
Authors: Wang Hao , Tang Haoran , Qiu Xia , Li Yongxin
Published: March 2024

Solid‐state glass nanopipettes provide a promising confined space that offers several advantages such as controllable size, simple preparation, low cost, good mechanical stability, and good thermal stability. These advantages make them an ideal choice for various applications such as biosensors, DNA sequencing, and drug delivery. In this review, we first delve into the functionalized nanopipettes for sensing various analytes and the methods used to develop detection means with them. Next, we provide an in‐depth overview of the advanced functionalization methodologies of nanopipettes based on diversified chemical kinetics. After that, we present the latest state‐of‐the‐art achievements and potential applications in detecting a wide range of targets, including ions, molecules, biological macromolecules, and single cells. We examine the various challenges that arise when working with these targets, as well as the innovative solutions developed to overcome them. The final section offers an in‐depth overview of the current development status, newest trends, and application prospects of sensors. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art functionalized nanopipette perception sensing and development of detection means and offers valuable insights into the prospects for this exciting field.
A pH‐Sensitive Double Chromophore Fluorescent Dye for Live‐Tracking of Lipophagy
Authors: Engelhardt Pascal M. , Veronese Matteo , Eryiğit Alpay A. , Das Anushka , Kaczmarek Alexander T. , Rugarli Elena I. , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: March 2024

Lipid droplet (LD) degradation provides metabolic energy and important building blocks for various cellular processes. The two major LD degradation pathways include autophagy (lipophagy), which involves delivery of LDs to autolysosomes, and lipolysis, which is mediated by lipases. While abnormalities in LD degradation are associated with various pathological disorders, our understanding of lipophagy is still rudimentary. In this study, we describe the development of a lipophilic dye containing two fluorophores, one of which is pH‐sensitive and the other pH‐stable. We further demonstrate that this “Lipo‐Fluddy” can be used to visualize and quantify lipophagy in living cells, in an easily applicable and protein label‐free approach. After estimating the ability of compound candidates to penetrate LDs, we synthesized several BODIPY and (pH‐switchable) rhodol dyes, whose fluorescence properties (incl. their photophysical compatibility) were analyzed. Of three Lipo‐Fluddy dyes synthesized, one exhibited the desired properties and allowed observation of lipophagy by fluorescence microscopy. Also, this dye proved to be non‐toxic and suitable for the examination of various cell lines. Moreover, a method was developed to quantify the lipophagy process using flow cytometry, which could be applied in the future in the identification of lipophagy‐related genes or in the screening of potential drugs against lipophagy‐related diseases.
New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Sadek Kadry M. , AbdEllatief Hazem Y. , Mahmoud Sahar F. E. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Al‐Hajeili Marwan , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: March 2024

Background

Testicular cancer (TC), comprising merely 1% of male neoplasms, holds the distinction of being the most commonly encountered neoplasm among young males.

Recent findings

Most cases of testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main groups, namely germ cell tumors representing approximately 95% of the cases, and sex cord‐stromal tumors accounting for about 5% of the cases. Moreover, its prevalence is on the rise across the globe. TC is a neoplastic condition characterized by a favorable prognosis. The advent of cisplatin‐based chemotherapeutic agents in the latter part of the 1970s has led to a significant enhancement in the 5‐year survival rate, which presently surpasses 95%. Given that TC is commonly detected before reaching the age of 40, it can be anticipated that these individuals will enjoy an additional 40–50 years of life following successful treatment. The potential causes of TC are multifactorial and related to different pathologies. Accurate identification is imperative to guarantee the utmost efficacious and suitable therapy. To a certain degree, this can be accomplished through the utilization of blood examinations for neoplastic indicators; nonetheless, an unequivocal diagnosis necessitates an evaluation of the histological composition of a specimen via a pathologist.

Conclusion

TC is multifactorial and has various pathologies, therefore this review aimed to revise the prenatal and postnatal causes as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and the therapeutic strategies of TC.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study of Endoxifen Serum Concentrations and Adjuvant Tamoxifen Efficacy in Early‐Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Sanchez‐Spitman Anabel Beatriz , Böhringer Stefan , Dezentjé Vincent Olaf , Gelderblom Hans , Swen Jesse Joachim , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan
Published: March 2024

Tamoxifen is part of the standard of care of endocrine therapy for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. However, survival outcomes with tamoxifen are highly variable. The concentration of endoxifen, the 30–100 times more potent metabolite of tamoxifen and bioactivated by the CYP2D6 enzyme, has been described as the most relevant metabolite of tamoxifen metabolism. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed with the objective to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with endoxifen serum concentration levels and clinical outcome in early‐stage breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. A GWAS was conducted in 608 women of the CYPTAM study (NTR1509/PMID: 30120701). Germline DNA and clinical and survival characteristics were readily available. Genotyping was performed on Infinium Global Screening Array (686,082 markers) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) imputation by using 1000 Genomes. Relapse‐free survival during tamoxifen (RFSt) was defined the primary clinical outcome. Endoxifen serum concentration was analyzed as a continuous variable. Several genetic variants reached genome‐wide significance (P value: ≤5 × 10−8). Endoxifen concentrations analysis identified 430 variants, located in TCF20 and WBP2NL genes (chromosome 22), which are in strong linkage disequilibrium with CYP2D6 variants. In the RFSt analysis, several SNP were identified (LPP gene: rs77693286, HR 18.3, 95% CI: 15.2–21.1; rs6790761, OR 18.2, 95% CI: 15.5–21.1). Endoxifen concentrations have a strong association with the chromosome 22, which contains the CYP2D6 gene.
Minimizing Shear Stress in Cell Signaling Studies
Authors: Mendez Josefina , Toker Alex
Published: March 2024

Cellular signal transduction comprises a complex series of biochemical reactions by which extracellular signals such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and neurotransmitters are translated into specific intracellular responses. Signal transduction is mediated by protein kinase phosphorylation cascades that culminate in the regulation of numerous cellular responses, including division, differentiation, migration, and survival. Importantly, signal relay pathways are dysregulated in human diseases, making the study of signal transduction important for both uncovering basic biology and understanding pathophysiology. Established laboratory cell culture models are useful for studying signal transduction mechanisms, but differences in sample handling procedures can introduce unwanted variability in experimental outcomes and conclusions. One such potential source of experimental variability is the introduction of fluid shear stress upon handling of tissue culture cells. Fluid shear stress triggers a wide range of cellular responses in adherent cell culture, including stimulating the production of cyclic AMP, potentiating the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and ultimately inducing changes in the gene expression of growth and remodeling factors. Further, mechanical stress on cells is physiologically relevant to the development of many pathologies. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for cell lysis and protein extraction that minimizes shear stress induced by classical cell harvest protocols. We also highlight the impact of fluid shear stress by using immunoblotting to assess ERK pathway activation as a readout for this protocol. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Gentle cell lysis and protein extraction

Basic Protocol 2: Immunoblotting for cell signaling readouts by SDS‐PAGE
Evolution of avian heat tolerance: The role of atmospheric humidity
Authors: Freeman Marc T. , Coulson Bianca , Short James C. , Ngcamphalala Celiwe A. , Makola Mathome O. , McKechnie Andrew E.
Published: March 2024

The role of atmospheric humidity in the evolution of endotherms' thermoregulatory performance remains largely unexplored, despite the fact that elevated humidity is known to impede evaporative cooling capacity. Using a phylogenetically informed comparative framework, we tested the hypothesis that pronounced hyperthermia tolerance among birds occupying humid lowlands evolved to reduce the impact of humidity‐impeded scope for evaporative heat dissipation by comparing heat tolerance limits (HTLs; maximum tolerable air temperature), maximum body temperatures (Tbmax), and associated thermoregulatory variables in humid (19.2 g H2O m−3) versus dry (1.1 g H2O m−3) air among 30 species from three climatically distinct sites (arid, mesic montane, and humid lowland). Humidity‐associated decreases in evaporative water loss and resting metabolic rate were 27%–38% and 21%–27%, respectively, and did not differ significantly between sites. Decreases in HTLs were significantly larger among arid‐zone (mean ± SD = 3.13 ± 1.12°C) and montane species (2.44 ± 1.0°C) compared to lowland species (1.23 ± 1.34°C), with more pronounced hyperthermia among lowland (Tbmax = 46.26 ± 0.48°C) and montane birds (Tbmax = 46.19 ± 0.92°C) compared to arid‐zone species (45.23 ± 0.24°C). Our findings reveal a functional link between facultative hyperthermia and humidity‐related constraints on evaporative cooling, providing novel insights into how hygric and thermal environments interact to constrain avian performance during hot weather. Moreover, the macrophysiological patterns we report provide further support for the concept of a continuum from thermal specialization to thermal generalization among endotherms, with adaptive variation in body temperature correlated with prevailing climatic conditions.
Towards sustainable urban transport—Political agenda formation and policy windows in Helsinki, Oslo, and Stockholm
Authors: Karjalainen Linda E.
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the development of urban transport political agendas in three Nordic capital cities, Helsinki, Oslo, and Stockholm, that strive towards urban sustainability. Utilising the Multiple Streams framework as a basis for analysis, an overview of local problems, policy solutions, and politics that have characterised transport systems and the related policy development processes over time is constructed. The attention is then drawn towards the points in time where the streams connect, and policy windows occur, to detect formative changes and their enablers towards sustainability. The data consists of 18 semi‐structured expert interviews, conducted amongst municipal policymakers and planners. The results reveal several policy windows that have transformed the local transport systems towards sustainability and an increasingly people‐oriented approach. The relevance of global climate change awareness, international planning trends for liveability and cycling, public pressure, individual political decisions, and establishment of modal hierarchy is evident across the case cities, while car traffic regulation is politically challenging and addressed through very different means at very different times. The findings of this paper outline diverse ways for advancing sustainability in local policy development but also detect methods for politically halting the process.
Trajectories and predictive factors of weight recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa completing treatment. A latent class mixed model approach
Authors: Di Lodovico Laura , Al Tabchi Amir , Clarke Julia , Mancusi Rossella Letizia , Messeca Dylan , Duriez Philibert , Hanachi Mouna , Gorwood Philip
Published: March 2024

Background

Treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) sometimes requires hospitalisation, which is often lengthy, with little ability to predict individual trajectory. Depicting specific profiles of treatment response and their clinical predictors could be beneficial to tailor inpatient management. The aim of this research was to identify clusters of weight recovery during inpatient treatment, and their clinical predictors.

Methods

A sample of 181 inpatients who completed a treatment programme for AN was included in a retrospective study. A latent class mixed model approach was used to identify distinct weight‐gain trajectories. Clinical variables were introduced in a multinomial logistic regression model as predictors of the different classes.

Results

A four‐class quadratic model was retained, able to correctly classify 63.7% of the cohort. It encompassed a late‐rising, flattening, moderate trajectory of body mass index (BMI) increase (class 1), a late‐rising, steady, high trajectory (class 2), an early‐rising, flattening, high trajectory (class 3) and an early‐rising, steady, high trajectory (class 4). Significant predictors of belonging to a class were baseline BMI (all classes), illness duration (class 2), and benzodiazepine prescription (class 3).

Conclusion

Predicting different kinetics of weight recovery based on routinely collected clinical indicators could improve clinician awareness and patient engagement by enabling shared expectations of treatment response.
Geochemical assessment of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in the midcontinent rift
Authors: Abousif Alsedik , Wronkiewicz David , Masoud Abdelmoniem
Published: March 2024

This study examines the potential of Midcontinent Rift rocks to facilitate long‐term CO2 sequestration by providing the necessary Ca and Mg for carbonate mineralization. Surface samples were collected from the Oronto and Bayfield‐Jacobsville Groups around Lake Superior and used for petrography and X‐ray diffraction to determine their mineral composition. Also, X‐ray fluorescence was also used to assess their bulk chemical composition. The samples were then exposed to CO2 and deionized water in Teflon‐lined vessels at 90°C, and the resulting leachate fluids were analyzed for the cation released during the testing. SEM microscopy was used to examine the samples for potential mineralization of carbonate minerals. The Oronto Group sediments consist primarily of feldspathic to feldspathic lithic arenites with a chlorite‐dominated matrix, and the primary porosity is blocked by calcite and hematite cement. The Bayfield–Jacobsville sequences are porous quartz arenites to feldspathic quartz arenites that do not contain significant accumulation of Ca‐, Mg‐, and Fe‐bearing minerals. The leachate fluids obtained from Oronto Group samples exhibit a maximum Ca release rate (5.2 × 10−4 mole/cm2.day), indicating rapid calcite cement dissolution and increased porosity and permeability. SEM/EDS microanalysis revealed areas where pore‐filling calcite was preferentially dissolved. Longer‐term rock‐water reactions resulted in induced carbonate mineralization, as evidenced by calcite crystals observed in a sample reacted for 102 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity counseling early postelective percutaneous coronary intervention (ACE‐PCI): Mixed‐methods pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Freene Nicole , Carroll Suzanne J. , Flynn Allyson , Bowen Sarah , Holley Roslyn , Rodway Kerry , Niyonsenga Theo , Davey Rachel
Published: March 2024

Background

Physical activity (PA) levels of people with coronary heart disease are low in the first 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), increasing the risk of recurrent cardiac events. Following PCI, PA counseling delivered by a physiotherapist before discharge may increase the PA levels of patients. Preliminary work is required to determine the effects of the counseling session compared to usual care.

Objectives

To investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a brief physiotherapist‐led PA counseling session immediately after an elective PCI compared to usual care for improved PA early post‐PCI.

Methods

Using concealed allocation and blinded assessments, eligible participants (n = 30) were randomized to a physiotherapist‐led PA counseling session (30 min) or usual care (nurse‐led PA advice < 5 min). The primary outcome was daily minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (accelerometry; 3 weeks). Secondary outcomes included cardiac rehabilitation intention, anxiety and depression levels (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and quality‐of‐life (MacNew questionnaire). Recruitment, retention, and attrition were assessed for feasibility. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 participants to determine intervention acceptability, and barriers and enablers to PA.

Results

Between and within‐group comparisons were not significant in intention‐to‐treat analyses. All feasibility criteria were met except for retention and attrition of participants. At 3 weeks, only 25% of participants were planning to attend cardiac rehabilitation, with no between‐group differences. Increased PA at 3 weeks was associated with participants that were younger, without other chronic disease,s and more active immediately following discharge. Interviews revealed personal, environmental, and program‐based themes for barriers and enablers to PA.

Conclusions

A physiotherapist‐led PA counseling session may not improve PA levels early post‐elective PCI compared to very brief PA advice delivered by nurses. A larger multicentre randomized controlled trial is feasible with minor modifications to participant follow‐up. Further research is required.
Investigating the relationship between Epstein‐Barr virus infection and gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dokanei Saman , Minai‐Tehrani Dariush , Moghoofei Mohsen , Rostamian Mosayeb
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer type worldwide, and various factors can be involved in its occurrence. One of these factors is Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this regard, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to achieve a better understanding of the EBV prevalence in GC samples.

Methods

English databases were searched and studies that reported the prevalence and etiological factors of EBV related to GC from July 2007 to November 2022 were retrieved. The reported data were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of EBV infection with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Quality assessment, heterogeneity testing, and publication bias assessment were also performed. The literature search showed 953 studies, of which 87 studies met our inclusion criteria and were used for meta‐analysis.

Results

The pooled prevalence of EBV infection related to GC was estimated to be 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.2%−11%) in the general population. The prevalence of EBV infection related to GC by gender was 13.5% (95% CI: 11.1%−16.3%) in males and 7.6% (95% CI: 5.4%−10.6%) in females. No significant differences were observed in terms of geographical region. Out of the 87 studies included in the meta‐analysis, the most common diagnostic test was in situ hybridization (58 cases).

Conclusions

Altogether, the results indicated that EBV infection is one of the important factors in the development of GC. However, this does not necessarily mean that EBV infection directly causes GC since other factors may also be involved in the development of GC. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct extensive epidemiological studies on various aspects of the relationship between this virus and GC, which can provide valuable information for understanding the relationship between EBV and GC.
Japanese stock market sectoral dynamics: A time and frequency analysis
Authors: El Khoury Rim , Alshater Muneer M. , Polat Onur
Published: March 2024

This study examines the Japanese stock market connectedness across different sectors, focusing on both the time and frequency dimensions. The dataset used spans from January 1999 to April 2022 and employs various methodologies, including time‐varying parameter vector autoregressions, TVP‐VAR frequency dependency, and Quantile coherency. The empirical findings reveal that cyclical or aggressive stocks predominantly act as net transmitters of shocks across sectors. Moreover, short‐term spillovers are more significant compared to intermediate‐term spillovers, indicating that Japanese sectors are more pronounced to market shocks in the short run. The spillover effects are also asymmetric and vary over time. Additionally, the real estate sector exhibits diversification benefits across different time horizons, while the energy sector provides protection primarily in the short run. This research contributes to the development of financial policies aimed at reducing sectoral imbalances and promoting stable growth. Furthermore, it offers insights for investors seeking to devise optimal portfolio diversification strategies.
Wild boar effects on hair‐tube sampling
Authors: Tomassini Orlando , Pardini Andrea , Aghemo Anna , Baldeschi Benedetta , Favilla Andrea , Bedini Gianni , Petroni Giulio , Giunchi Dimitri , Massolo Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Hair tubes are one of the most effective tools for sampling small‐mammal assemblages. Despite their efficiency, they can be damaged by wildlife. We quantified wildlife‐induced disturbance of hair‐tube sampling in the Monte Pisano mountain system in Italy. At each site we tied 2 tubes together to form a hair trap and placed them in 3 different areas. We measured disturbances by counting the number of hair traps disturbed and identified the species that caused damage with cameras. Although approximately 27% (n = 164/600) of hair traps were disturbed, 2 hair traps/site allowed us to collect data from 97% of site checks from undisturbed and retrieved hair traps. Wild boars (Sus scrofa) were attracted to hair traps by olfactory and acoustic signals and caused the most disturbances. Displaced tubes detected a similar number of hairs and number of species as undisturbed tubes; species richness estimates that include retrieved displaced tubes should provide reliable data. To avoid data loss when conducting hair‐trap monitoring, we suggest using ≥2 hair traps per site.
Boosting the Biodegradation and Bioactivity of PBS‐DLS Copolymers via Incorporation of PEG
Authors: Zarei Moein , Michalkiewicz Beata , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: March 2024

Biodegradable polymers play a crucial role in the development of materials for biomedical applications. This study investigates the enzymatic biodegradation, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of poly(butylene succinate‐dilinoleic succinate) (PBS‐DLS) copolymers modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Two copolymer variations with different segmental compositions (70 wt.% and 60 wt.% of hard segments) are synthesized. After modifying the copolymers with PEG, the presence of a lipase catalyst accelerated degradation after 20 days, evidenced by reduced residual content. Gel permeation chromatography analysis showed up to 40% decrease in molecular weight, while gravimetric analysis indicated a mass loss of up to 10%. Morphological examination revealed that the enzymatic breakdown, facilitated by hydrolase activity (boosted by the presence of PEG), resulted in surface erosion, holes, and changes in spherulitic morphology. Bioactivity studies demonstrated the formation of biomimetic calcium/phosphate (Ca/P) crystals. Copolymers with higher crystallinity (70 wt.% hard segments) favored tricalcium phosphate‐like crystal formation, while those with lower crystallinity (60 wt.% hard segments) are more susceptible to hydroxyapatite precipitation. In vitro cytotoxicity tests exhibited excellent cell viability and attachment for all copolymers. The ability to control degradation through PEG modification, along with their bioactivity and cell compatibility, positions them as promising candidates for diverse biomedical applications.
Length of hysterotomy for fetal spina bifida repair is associated with prematurity risk
Authors: Watananirun Kanokwaroon , Vargas Anna M. L. F. , Vergote Simen , Lewi Liesbeth , Filippo Marcelo O. L. , McCulloch Peter , Devlieger Roland , Peralta Cleisson F. A. , Deprest Jan
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate whether prenatal repair of spina bifida aperta through mini‐hysterotomy results in less prematurity, as compared to standard hysterotomy, when adjusting for known prematurity risks.

Methods

We performed a bi‐centric, propensity score matched, controlled study, that is, adjusting for factors earlier reported to result in premature delivery or membrane rupture, in consecutive women having prenatal repair either through stapled hysterotomy or sutured mini‐hysterotomy (≤3.5 cm). Matches were pairwise compared and cox‐regression analysis was performed to define the hazard ratio of delivery <37 weeks.

Results

Of 346 meeting the MOMS‐criteria, 78 comparable pairs were available for matched‐controlled analysis. Mini‐hysterotomy patients were younger and had a higher BMI. Mini‐hysterotomy was associated with a 1.67‐lower risk of delivery <37 weeks (hazard ratio: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.42–0.85; p = 0.004) and 1.72 for delivery <34 + 6 weeks (hazard ratio: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34–0.97; p = 0.037). The rate of intact uterine scar at birth (mini‐hysterotomy: 98.7% vs. hysterotomy: 90.4%; p = 0.070), the rate of reversal of hindbrain herniation within 1 week after surgery (88.9% vs. 97.4%; p = 0.180) and the rate of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (0% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.50) were comparable.

Conclusion

Prenatal spina bidifa repair through mini‐hysterotomy was associated with a later gestational age at delivery and a comparable intact uterus rate without apparent compromise in neuroprotection.
Codesign of Lynch ChoicesTM: Using implementation science to create a clinically deliverable patient decision support website to transform cancer genetics care pathways
Authors: Kohut Kelly , Morton Kate , Turner Lesley , Foster Rebecca ,   the CanGene‐CanVar Patient Reference Panel,   International Lynch Decision Aid Stakeholder Panel, Eccles Diana , Foster Claire
Published: March 2024

Background

Resources including Patient Decision Aids (PtDA) are useful and valued by patients and clinicians to provide information and complement shared decision‐making. Despite their promise, few PtDA exist for patients with genetic cancer susceptibility facing difficult decisions about risk management. We aimed to fill this gap, partnering with patients to codesign Lynch ChoicesTM, a PtDA website for families with Lynch Syndrome. In addition to a Patient Reference Panel, we purposively invited an international stakeholder panel including charities, public bodies, clinical and academic experts. Implementation strategies and frameworks were employed to optimise translation of research findings to improve care.

Methods

Patient/stakeholder suggestions were incorporated in a transparent Table of Changes and prioritised using the Person‐Based Approach throughout planning and codesign of Lynch ChoicesTM. An interactive stakeholder meeting was convened to identify barriers and facilitators to clinical implementation of the PtDA.

Results

Patient and stakeholder partnerships drove the direction of the research throughout codesign, resulting in several iterative refinements to the PtDA prior to roll out including the addition of illustrations/videos, clearer presentation of cancer risks and increased accessibility for lower literacy. Barriers and facilitators identified from stakeholders were used to create an implementation process map.

Conclusions

Creating an effective, engaging PtDA is not enough. Systematic uptake in real world clinical practice, with its resource limitations, is needed to optimise benefit to patients and clinicians. Assessment of speed and breadth of dissemination and usage will be collected to further evidence the benefit of embedding implementation science methods from the outset to translate research findings into clinical practice.
Transmembrane conformation of the envelope protein of an alpha coronavirus, NL63
Authors: Sučec Iva , Pankratova Yanina , Parasar Mriganka , Hong Mei
Published: March 2024

The envelope (E) proteins of coronaviruses (CoVs) form cation‐conducting channels that are associated with the pathogenicity of these viruses. To date, high‐resolution structural information about these viroporins is limited to the SARS‐CoV E protein. To broaden our structural knowledge of other members of this family of viroporins, we now investigate the conformation of the E protein of the human coronavirus (hCoV), NL63. Using two‐ and three‐dimensional magic‐angle‐spinning NMR, we have measured 13C and 15N chemical shifts of the transmembrane domain of E (ETM), which yielded backbone (ϕ, ψ) torsion angles. We further measured the water accessibility of NL63 ETM at neutral pH versus acidic pH in the presence of Ca2+ ions. These data show that NL63 ETM adopts a regular α‐helical conformation that is unaffected by pH and the N‐terminal ectodomain. Interestingly, the water accessibility of NL63 ETM increases only modestly at acidic pH in the presence of Ca2+ compared to neutral pH, in contrast to SARS ETM, which becomes much more hydrated at acidic pH. This difference suggests a structural basis for the weaker channel conductance of α‐CoV compared to β‐CoV E proteins. The weaker E channel activity may in turn contribute to the reduced virulence of hCoV‐NL63 compared to SARS‐CoV viruses.
Molecular basis for differential recognition of an allosteric inhibitor by receptor tyrosine kinases
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Vashisth Harish
Published: March 2024

Understanding kinase‐inhibitor selectivity continues to be a major objective in kinase drug discovery. We probe the molecular basis of selectivity of an allosteric inhibitor (MSC1609119A‐1) of the insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor kinase (IGF1RK), which has been shown to be ineffective for the homologous insulin receptor kinase (IRK). Specifically, we investigated the structural and energetic basis of the allosteric binding of this inhibitor to each kinase by combining molecular modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and thermodynamic calculations. We predict the inhibitor conformation in the binding pocket of IRK and highlight that the charged residues in the histidine‐arginine‐aspartic acid (HRD) and aspartic acid‐phenylalanine‐glycine (DFG) motifs and the nonpolar residues in the binding pocket govern inhibitor interactions in the allosteric pocket of each kinase. We suggest that the conformational changes in the IGF1RK residues M1054 and M1079, movement of the ⍺C‐helix, and the conformational stabilization of the DFG motif favor the selectivity of the inhibitor toward IGF1RK. Our thermodynamic calculations reveal that the observed selectivity can be rationalized through differences observed in the electrostatic interaction energy of the inhibitor in each inhibitor/kinase complex and the hydrogen bonding interactions of the inhibitor with the residue V1063 in IGF1RK that are not attained with the corresponding residue V1060 in IRK. Overall, our study provides a rationale for the molecular basis of recognition of this allosteric inhibitor by IGF1RK and IRK, which is potentially useful in developing novel inhibitors with improved affinity and selectivity.
Profiling of urinary steroids aided by lithium ion adduction‐based ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pan Yue , Wang Qiuyi , Chen Mengyao , Takao Toshifumi
Published: March 2024

Rationale

As 3‐OH‐containing steroids are prone to dehydration by conventional electrospray ionization, reducing detection sensitivity, Li ion adduction‐based ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS), developed to prevent dehydration and effectively detect 3‐OH steroids, was applied for profiling total and free steroids in urine.

Methods

Free urinary steroids were isolated directly from urine by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) with 80% acetonitrile. The total steroids were prepared by enzymatic treatment of urine with a cocktail of sulfatase and glucronidase, protein precipitation, and separation with the above SPE. In order to detect as many steroid types as possible, UHPLC/MS/MS (Li method) with Li+ solution added after the column was used for analysis in addition to the conventional method of detecting protonated ions (H method). The 13 3‐OH steroids and the remaining 16 steroids were quantified by standard curves prepared using product ion transitions derived from [M + Li]+ and MH+, respectively.

Results

Two groups of human urine, male and female urine, were analyzed. 3‐OH steroids could be detected with greater sensitivity using the Li method than the conventional method. The absolute amounts of each steroid were normalized based on creatinine levels. The difference between the male and female groups are clearly attributable to sex steroids.

Conclusions

Twenty‐nine total steroids and 19 free steroids were identified in a limited volume (240 mL) of urine. Of these, 13 3‐OH steroids were better detected by Li+ adduction‐based UHPLC/MS/MS.
Synthesis, Characterization, In‐Vitro and In‐Vivo Anti‐Cancer Evaluation of Novel Benzopyrylium Salts on Colorectal Cancer Model of Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Rai Prashant , Kumar Rohit , Singh Jyotsna , Saripella Srikrishna , Golakoti Nageswara Rao
Published: March 2024

A total of 10 benzopyrylium salts, 7 being novel, were synthesized by Claisen‐Schmidt condensation reaction and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry, FT‐IR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The purity of these synthesized compounds was determined by HPLC. The in‐vitro anti‐cancer evaluation of these synthesized benzopyrylium salts was done at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, against 60 human cancer cell lines. The compounds 4 and 8 showed promising anti‐cancer activities against various human cancer cell lines. The docking studies of the compounds were carried out against the oncogenic target JNK and their docking scores were compared to that of the known JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Pyrazolanthrone). Compound 4 exhibited an outstanding docking score of −9.0 kcal/mol, comparable to the docking score of SP600125 (−9.3 kcal/mol). The ex‐vivo studies in the hind‐gut of Drosophila were carried out and the inhibitory activity of compound 4 supported the findings of the docking studies. Furthermore, the potent compounds 4 and 8 were taken up for their in‐vivo anti‐cancer evaluation in the colorectal cancer model (CRC) of Drosophila melanogaster. The toxicity studies of these potent compounds were carried out both in wild type and mutant type Drosophila and the lethal doses were determined to be 200 μM.
Room Temperature Catalysts for High Effective Degradation of Formaldehyde: Research Progresses and Challenges
Authors: Chai Liming , Zhai Wenjie , Liu Xuan , Xing Gang , Zhang Bo , Zang Jiaqi , Yang Yifan , Ma Kai , Zhang Jianbin
Published: March 2024

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of major pollutants in indoor air, and prolonged exposure to HCHO may result in great harm to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to remove HCHO from indoor air at room temperature. In recent years, various room temperature catalysts, which have the advantages of environmental friendliness and energy saving, were developed for high effective catalytic oxidation of HCHO. In this work, research progress and challenges on the room temperature catalytic oxidation of HCHO by using noble metal catalysts and non‐noble metal catalysts are systemically reviewed. Meanwhile, the room temperature catalytic oxidation performance, degradation conditions of HCHO, and room temperature catalytic oxidation mechanism of catalysts was also discussed.