bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING OF SCLEROSTIN ACTION IN THE BONE REMODELING
Authors: Nutini Alessandro , Sohail Ayesha , Farwa Shabieh
Published: January 2021

Mathematical modeling of biological processes has bridged the fields of experimental as well as theoretical research and has carried forward remarkable innovation. Sclerostin is a fundamental communication element for bone remodeling and its activity regulates the reabsorption and deposition of new bone tissue. During this research, we have presented several studies, which illustrate the function of sclerostin in communication with the Wnt signaling pathways. This article features the sclerostin-based pathological patterns related to diseases such as bone cancer. To have a good remodeling process, the osteocytes must recruit the pre-osteoblast cells from the mesenchymal stem cells with the help of the signal mechanism given by the Wnt pathway. The Wnt signal pathway is a complex transduction of a pool of well-conserved genes whose expression regulates various activities like gene translation, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, mitogenic stimulation and polarity cell. The complexity of the interaction of the Wnt pathway is due to the ligands of Wnt itself, to the proteins R-spondin and norrin. The receptors on the surface of the cell, then, activate a process of transduction of the intracellular signal that initiates gene transduction. The hypothesis of a sort of “steady state” has therefore proved indispensable to establish a sort of common base on which the two phases. This paper seeks to give a qualitative view of the action of sclerostin through a simple mathematical model. We use a logic related to stimulation and inhibition signals of new tissue production and illustrate the role of sclerostin in the mechanical and biochemical interaction during the bone remodeling process.
Combating the Exploitation of Children in Cyberspace
Authors: El-Bably Amar Yasser
Published: January 2021

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have developed at an increasingly fast rate over the last two decades. Recent rapid advances in ICTs have provided both children and adults with benefits and opportunities in terms of socialization, education, and entertainment. In particular, the development of ICTs has provided children and adolescents using the internet and associated technologies with new spaces to interact and form social relationships with others, such as chatrooms, peer-to-peer (P2P) websites, and social networking sites.
Changing the Mindset in Higher Education
Authors: Myers Kimberly A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the need for administrators, faculty, staff, and students to be prepared and trained for an active shooter situation. Higher education institutions are generally multi-faceted and multi-layered entities within which many different elements must interact in a cohesive way in order for the organization to be effective and achieve its mission. Active shooter incidents are dangerous, uncertain, rapidly changing, and can happen anywhere. All members of a campus community need to feel a sense of safety and security within their work environment and on campus.
Restorative Approaches to Honoring Human Dignity and Transforming Urban Schools
Authors: Normore Anthony H. , Jarrett Brian
Published: January 2021

Drawing on restorative processes research and research on social justice, this chapter is organized in the following manner: First, the authors provide a brief history of the administration of justice. Second, the authors discuss the global rise of restorative justice in the education context. In order for a program to be completely restorative, it must include several educational components as part of restorative processes. Towards this end, the chapter then situates these components in the context of social justice and explores how school systems use them – with specific emphasis on victim-offender conferencing and human dignity. Next, the authors share examples of international initiatives pertaining to restorative practices. Conclusions summarize the significance of restorative practices in school settings in order to prevent violence, reduce rates of expulsions and suspensions, and create a safe and secure teaching and learning environment for all.
Neuroendocrine Cross-Talk and Axial Regulation of Embryonic Implantation
Authors: Hajam Younis Ahmad , Malik Javid Ahmad , Wani Mohd Rafi , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Ankush
Published: January 2021

Early embryonic mortality has become a major issue of reproductive wastages and key constraint. The survivability of embryo during early embryonic life mostly depends on secretion of hormones. Development of embryo involves the coordinated function of different hormones synthesized in different endocrine glands. Exploring the complex intricate cellular and molecular mechanism interlaying between the neuroendocrine axial system environments shall facilitate to develop new strategies to augment survivability of embryo and success rate. Therefore, the chapter focused to explore the hidden cross talk and regulatory mechanisms to unfold the coordinating role of axial system in the embryonic implantation and also to explore the impact of climate change on embryonic implantation.
Effects on Fertility and Reproductive Behavior From Environmental Contaminants in Extreme Environments
Authors: Badroo Irfan Ashraf , Khanday Ashiq Hussain , Badroo Suriya Ashraf , Khan Saba Khursheed , Malik Irshad Aziz , Nandurkar Hemlata Pradeep , Untoo Syed A.
Published: January 2021

Human infertility is increasing at an alarming rate and has affected nearly 12% of reproductive aged couples worldwide. Various reasons have been linked to its cause, besides the age of female partner, a huge number of environmental contaminants produced and used by humans throughout the world are one of the reasons for growing the infertility rate. Their exposure is virtually unavoidable. The literature review provides an overview regarding the effect of chemical agents on fertility. The environmental contaminants included in this review are plastics, pesticides, phthalates, metals, industrial chemicals, endocrine disrupters, and nano materials. The goal is to discuss the association between environmental contaminants and reproductive disorders with particular emphasis on infertility.
Meta-Narrative of Immigration
Authors: Gemicibasi Umut , Yilmaz Recep
Published: January 2021

The concept of migration can be defined as physical space changing. Immigration defines the migration act as well as the difficulties encountered in adapting to new worlds. Their children, named as second-generation, adapted more easily than their parents to the new country. These people, described as “hybrid,” benefited from the advantages of hybridization, but, at the same time, they experienced the complexity of identity and culture. One of these people is Fatih Akın, who is a child of a family that immigrated to Germany to work. Akın has used his versatility sourced from his immigrant identity and addressed the phenomenon of migration from different perspectives. Akın, who is in an important position in cinema concept described as “cinema of migration,” has been awarded many awards in international film festivals. In this study, the concept of migration and immigrants in the Fatih Akın cinema was examined. In the study, firstly concepts such as migration, immigration, migrant cinema were discussed; then the findings were interpreted and finally discussed in the conclusion section.
Breaking the Narrative on Global Fault Lines
Authors: Delal Özlem
Published: January 2021

News narrative structure differs depending on many variables such as period, ownership structure, ideological position, political opinion. These differences are more felt especially when communicating events of international importance. While each country transforms internationally important developments into news narratives, it approaches the event or phenomenon from its own point of view. It is seen that the same news is reported according to different narrative structures in different country press. In this study, which aims to reveal the global change in the narrative structure, the narrative structures of the news of the peace fountain operation in different countries will be examined.
Metamorphosis of the Narrative
Authors: Urhan Osman Barış , Koç Bozkurt
Published: January 2021

In this study, the role of psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism on aggression were examined. In the research, personal information form, psychological commitment to the team scale, fanaticism scale for football fans, and aggression inventory were applied to the participants. This study was conducted with 336 volunteer participants between the ages of 18-60. The independent groups t-test and Spearman Rho correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that as the psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism levels increase, the aggression level increases. In addition, it is seen that the aggression levels of male participants are higher than female participants. It is thought that the research findings will contribute to the development of policies to be created to prevent aggression in sports.
Ontic Narratives
Authors: Kucukeskici Busra , Koc Bozkurt
Published: January 2021

This study examine the role of university students' justification of physical violence and gender role attitudes on the justification of physical violence against women in marriage. Participants completed the content domains for justification of physical wife abuse scale, gender roles attitude scale, and justification of physical violence scale, as well as a personal information form prepared by the researcher. Data were collected from 627 volunteer students aged 18-25 years in Ondokuz Mayıs University. As a result of this study, the justification of physical violence against women in marriage has a significant negative correlation with the gender role attitudes and a significant positive correlation with the justification of physical violence. Based on results, it is concluded that not only individual reasons but also some social or cultural indicators should be evaluated in the prevention of physical violence against women.
Reproduction of the City Image in Political Narrative
Authors: Altiparmak Burcu
Published: January 2021

The digital age has affected and changed individuals, businesses, marketing-advertising activities, and city and country governments. Designing action plans suitable for the digital age in political, economic, and social fields acting in accordance with the requirements of the digital age has almost become a necessity. In political communication, party leaders, candidates, and local administrators communicate with the public by using social media tools. In Turkey, after the local elections held on March 31, 2019, IMM, the decision of repeating election of 23rd June, was given. This study examines Twitter posts that are shared by the municipalities in Turkey. The study will examine how the image of the city is reproduced and transmitted within the political narrative in local elections.
Eleven Eleven VR
Authors: Dönmez Servet Can , Yegen Ceren
Published: January 2021

Stories and events that are not worth telling or do not have access to the necessary media cannot even get lost from the dusty pages of history because they cannot enter those pages at all. Historical records became the books with the invention of the printing press, and in time, the term “dusty pages” was used as the approach made on these books. Nowadays, these dusty pages are replaced by obsolete codes or graphics. Today, the narrative and the story, which has become completely digital, have different means of expression. “Virtual reality” narratives, which is one of the new generation tools used by digital storytelling, have become more common. The virtual reality content that transforms the codes and forms of the traditional narrative with its own means and approach brings the narrator to an interactive dimension by positioning the viewer/listener as “user” in this context. Thus, in this study, through the example of “Eleven Eleven VR” game, a hermeneutic approach to virtual reality technology as a digital storytelling tool, will be performed.
Corporate Cults
Authors: Özer Deniz
Published: January 2021

Corporate identity has certain qualities that enable the organization to be known, understood, and noticed. Corporate stories are powerful and permanent narratives that express the corporate identity. Corporate values are presented to target audiences with stories. Archetypes are used in this sense as part of corporate stories. Using Jung's four archetypes, the representation of corporation, its cultural values, and its social implications are addressed in a holistic approach and can be used to reveal the basis of corporate identity. Corporate archetypes create a common consciousness that shapes the target audience perception. In this study, it was attempted to reveal the relationship between the corporate stories, which were created through archetypes of Jung, and the elements of corporate identity. For this purpose, in the context of the study, the relationship between the four archetypes and the elements of corporate identity is examined in accordance with the information contained in corporate advertising.
Introduction and Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms in R
Authors: Sekhar S. R. Mani , Siddesh G. M.
Published: January 2021

Machine learning is one of the important areas in the field of computer science. It helps to provide an optimized solution for the real-world problems by using past knowledge or previous experience data. There are different types of machine learning algorithms present in computer science. This chapter provides the overview of some selected machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, naive Bayes classifier, neural networks, and decision trees. Each of these methods is illustrated in detail with an example and R code, which in turn assists the reader to generate their own solutions for the given problems.
Building a Maturity Framework for Information Security Governance Through an Empirical Study in Organizations
Authors: Maleh Yassine , Zaydi Mounia , Sahid Abdelkbir , Ezzati Abdellah
Published: January 2021

There is a dearth of academic research literature on the practices and commitments of information security governance in organizations. Despite the existence of referential and standards of the security governance, the research literature remains limited regarding the practices of organizations and, on the other hand, the lack of a strategy and practical model to follow in adopting an effective information security governance. This chapter aims to explore the engagement processes and the practices of organizations involved in a strategy of information security governance via a statistical and econometric analysis of data from a survey of 1000 participants (with a participation rate of 83.67%) from large and medium companies belonging to various industries. Based on the results of the survey regarding practices of information security management and governance, a practical maturity framework for the information security governance and management in organizations is presented.
Design of Public-Key Algorithms Based on Partial Homomorphic Encryptions
Authors: Nayyef Marwan Majeed , Sagheer Ali Makki
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of cloud computing, which has become a key aspect to maintain the security of user information that may be highly confidential and maintained during transport and storage process. The reliance on traditional algorithms that are used to encrypt data are not secure enough because we cannot process the data only after decrypt. In this article is proposed the use of homomorphic encryption to solve this problem because it can deal with encrypted data without the decryption, which can lead to ensuring confidentiality of the data. A number of public-key algorithms are explained, which is based on the concept of homomorphic encryption. In this article an algorithm is proposed based on HE and it is similar to Menesez-EC but with one digit as a secret key according to its advantage, whereby reducing the cost of communication, and storage and provides high processing speed when compared with other algorithms. This algorithm provides enough security for a bank's customer information and then compared with ECC, each of RSA and Piallier algorithms as evaluated.
Design and Develop a Cybersecurity Education Framework Using Capture the Flag (CTF)
Authors: Khoo Li Jing
Published: January 2021

The rise of cyber threats is projecting the growth of cybersecurity education. Malaysian students who are interested in studying computing and information technologies suffer from knowledge and skill gaps because the earliest exposure of formal computer knowledge happens only at tertiary level education. In addition, the ever-evolving cyber landscape complicated the gaps and exposure. This chapter reveals the learner's motivation factor through an exploratory study in a national level cybersecurity competition. By simulating a real-world cyber landscape, a customized cybersecurity game, Capture the Flag was designed, developed, and validated as an experiment to study the relationship between learners' motivation and achievement level.
Fully Homomorphic Encryption Without Noise
Authors: Ichibane Yacine , Gahi Youssef , Guennoun Mouhcine , Guennoun Zouhair
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the authors present a novel fully homomorphic encryption scheme operating between ZN and capable of arbitrarily performing additions and multiplications. The new scheme is compact and each operation (addition or multiplication) performed on any two ciphertexts produces a fresh ciphertext without any associated noise. Thus, the scheme does not need any bootstrapping procedure or noise reduction technique to refresh ciphertexts. In the absence, to the best of the knowledge of the authors, of any existing fully, partially or leveled homomorphic encryption scheme using ZN as the set of plaintexts, the new cryptosystem has been implemented and has had its performance compared to the identity encoding.
Implementation of Algorithms for Identity Based Encryption and Decryption
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Rajakani M.
Published: January 2021

Identity-based cryptosystems were introduced to overcome one of the main problems in public key encryption, the generation of public and private keys. In the identity-based cryptosystem, an identifier such as an e-mail address of a user can be used to generate public and private keys by a trusted third party. The trusted third party uses a system-wide master secret to provide private keys to a user. Identity-based cryptosystems can be constructed using the idea of pairings. This article discusses four different identity-based cryptosystems: the Boneh-Franklin scheme, the Cock's scheme, the Authenticated IBE scheme and the Hierarchical IBE scheme. This article also discusses the security notions considered for the identity-based cryptosystem. The security notions considered are: one-wayness, indistinguishability, semantic security and non-malleability. An architecture consisting of a public parameter server and private key generator for the implementation of the identity-based cryptosystems is also discussed.
Exploring the Impact of Security Policy on Compliance
Authors: Yaokumah Winfred , Kumah Peace
Published: January 2021

Extant studies on compliance with security policies have largely ignored the impact of monitoring, security operations, and roles and responsibilities on employees' compliance. This chapter proposes a theoretical model that integrates security policy, monitoring, security operations, and security roles to examine employees' security compliance. Data were collected from 233 IT security and management professionals. Using partial least square structural equation modelling and testing hypotheses, the study finds that information security policy has significant indirect influence on information security compliance. The effect of security policy is fully mediated by security roles, operations security activities, and security monitoring activities. Security policy strongly influences operations security activities and has the greatest effect on security roles and responsibilities. Among the three mediating variables, monitoring has the most significant influence on security compliance. Conversely, the direct impact of security policy on compliance is not significant.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to the IoE
Authors: Cardoso Pedro J. S. , Monteiro Jânio , Pinto Nelson , Cruz Dario , Rodrigues João M. F.
Published: January 2021

The internet of everything is a network that connects people, data, process, and things, making it easier to understand that many subfields of knowledge are discussable while addressing this subject. This chapter makes a survey on the application of machine learning algorithms to the internet of everything. This survey is particularly focused in computational frameworks for the development of intelligent systems and applications of machine learning algorithms as possible engines of wealth creation. A final example shows how to develop a simple end-to-end system.
A Bio-Inspired Algorithm for Symmetric Encryption
Authors: Benyahia Kadda , Mustapha Meftah , Abdelkrim Latreche
Published: January 2021

The exploits of the structure of the DNA to realize the cryptographic systems is a new direction. The security of data transfer is an important factor for data transmission. Cryptography is one of the methods that ensures this constraint by techniques for sending data confidentially. Harnessing the benefits of DNA to secure information content makes cryptography more efficient. In this article, the authors propose a symmetric cryptography system based on DNA called Stegano-DNA- which operates under two main modules: scrambling and encryption. In its scrambling phase, Stegano-DNA eliminates the logical order of the letters in the clear text by the use of boxes of substitutions, and in its encryption phase, looks for the short sequence DNA in the chromosome sequence and memorizes only the number of positions needed to optimize the encryption time than when memorizing all positions.
A Security Framework for Enhancing User Experience
Authors: Nguyen Van , Omar Marwan , Mohammed Derek
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a novel framework that enhances user experience for their daily computing activities while being protected from cyber threats. The conceptual security framework also targets two additional goals: enabling end-users to experiment software applications before making a decision for a real installation, and serving as a testing environment for both research scholars and security practitioners to analyze and predict potentially malicious activities. The framework introduces three modes of operations (full lockdown, partial lockdown, and administration) and a virtual storage that provides a safe, secure, and reliable computing environment for end-users. We also present three use cases that show the applicability of their framework in a real-world environment.
Combined Assessment of Software Safety and Security Requirements
Authors: Raspotnig Christian , Karpati Peter , Opdahl Andreas L
Published: January 2021

Safety is a fundamental concern in modern society, and security is a precondition for safety. Ensuring safety and security of complex integrated systems requires a coordinated approach that involve different stakeholder groups going beyond safety and security experts and system developers. The authors have therefore proposed CHASSIS (Combined Harm Assessment of Safety and Security for Information Systems), a method for collaborative determination of requirements for safe and secure systems. In this article, the authors evaluate CHASSIS through industrial case studies of two small-to-medium sized suppliers to the air-traffic management (ATM) sector. The results suggest that CHASSIS is easy to use, and that handling safety and security together provides benefits because techniques, information, and knowledge can be reused. The authors conclude that further exploration and development of CHASSIS is worthwhile, but that better documentation is needed—including more detailed process guidelines—to support elicitation of security and safety requirements and to systematically relate them to functional requirements.
An Efficient, Secure, and Queryable Encryption for NoSQL-Based Databases Hosted on Untrusted Cloud Environments
Authors: Alenezi Mamdouh , Usama Muhammad , Almustafa Khaled , Iqbal Waheed , Raza Muhammad Ali , Khan Tanveer
Published: January 2021

NoSQL-based databases are attractive to store and manage big data mainly due to high scalability and data modeling flexibility. However, security in NoSQL-based databases is weak which raises concerns for users. Specifically, security of data at rest is a high concern for the users deployed their NoSQL-based solutions on the cloud because unauthorized access to the servers will expose the data easily. There have been some efforts to enable encryption for data at rest for NoSQL databases. However, existing solutions do not support secure query processing, and data communication over the Internet and performance of the proposed solutions are also not good. In this article, the authors address NoSQL data at rest security concern by introducing a system which is capable to dynamically encrypt/decrypt data, support secure query processing, and seamlessly integrate with any NoSQL- based database. The proposed solution is based on a combination of chaotic encryption and Order Preserving Encryption (OPE). The experimental evaluation showed excellent results when integrated the solution with MongoDB and compared with the state-of-the-art existing work.
Commutative Watermarking-Encryption of Multimedia Data Based on Histograms
Authors: Schmitz Roland , Li Shujun , Grecos Christos , Zhang Xinpeng
Published: January 2021

Histogram-based watermarking schemes are invariant to pixel permutations and can thus be combined with permutation-based ciphers to form a commutative watermarking-encryption scheme. In this chapter, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for audio data and still image data. Typical histogram-based watermarking schemes based on comparison of histogram bins are prone to desynchronization attacks, where the whole histogram is shifted by a certain amount. These kind of attacks can be avoided by synchronizing the embedding and detection processes, using the mean of the histogram as a calibration point. The resulting watermarking scheme is resistant to three common types of shifts of the histogram, while the advantages of previous histogram-based schemes, especially commutativity of watermarking and permutation-based encryption, are preserved. The authors also report on the results of testing robustness of the still image watermark against JPEG and JPEG2000 compression and on the possibility of using histogram-based watermarks for authenticating the content of an image.
Secure Data Deduplication of Encrypted Data in Cloud
Authors: Mahana Sumit Kumar , Aggarwal Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

In the present digital scenario, data is of prime significance for individuals and moreover for organizations. With the passage of time, data content being produced increases exponentially, which poses a serious concern as the huge amount of redundant data contents stored on the cloud employs a severe load on the cloud storage systems itself which cannot be accepted. Therefore, a storage optimization strategy is a fundamental prerequisite to cloud storage systems. Data deduplication is a storage optimization strategy that is used for deleting identical copies of redundant data, optimizing bandwidth, improves utilization of storage space, and hence, minimizes storage cost. To guarantee the security parameter, the data which is stored on the cloud must be in an encrypted form to ensure the security of the stored data. Consequently, executing deduplication safely over the encrypted information in the cloud seems to be a challenging job. This chapter discusses various existing data deduplication techniques with a notion of securing the data on the cloud that addresses this challenge.
A Comprehensive Review of Access Control Mechanism Based on Attribute Based Encryption Scheme for Cloud Computing
Authors: Bhajantri Lokesh B. , Mujawar Tabassum N.
Published: January 2021

Cloud computing is the most prevailing paradigm, which provides computing resources and services over the Internet. Due to immense development in services provided by cloud computing, the trend to share large-scale and confidential data on cloud has been increased. Though cloud computing provides many benefits, ensuring security of the data stored in cloud is the biggest challenge. The security concern about the data becomes main barrier for adoption of cloud. One of the important security aspects is fine grained access control mechanism. The most widely used and efficient access control scheme for cloud computing is Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). The Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) scheme provides a new technique for embedding access policies cryptographically into encryption process. The article presents an overview of various existing attribute-based encryption schemes and traditional access control models. Also, the comparison of existing ABE schemes for cloud computing, on basis of various criteria is presented in the article.
SVM-Based Traffic Data Classification for Secured IoT-Based Road Signaling System
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Mookherji Srijanee
Published: January 2021

The traffic controlling systems at present are microcontroller-based, which is semi-automatic in nature where time is the only parameter that is considered. With the introduction of IoT in traffic signaling systems, research is being done considering density as a parameter for automating the traffic signaling system and regulate traffic dynamically. Security is a concern when sensitive data of great volume is being transmitted wirelessly. Security protocols that have been implemented for IoT networks can protect the system against attacks and are purely based on standard cryptosystem. They cannot handle heterogeneous data type. To prevent the issues on security protocols, the authors have implemented SVM machine learning algorithm for analyzing the traffic data pattern and detect anomalies. The SVM implementation has been done for the UK traffic data set between 2011-2016 for three cities. The implementation been carried out in Raspberry Pi3 processor functioning as an edge router and SVM machine learning algorithm using Python Scikit Libraries.
Threats and Security Issues in Smart City Devices
Authors: Jayapandian N.
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this chapter is to discuss various security and privacy issues in smart cities. The development of smart cities involves both the private and public sectors. The theoretical background is also discussed in future growth of smart city devices. Thus, the literature survey part discusses different smart devices and their working principle is elaborated. Cyber security and internet security play a major role in smart cities. The primary solution of smart city security issues is to find some encryption methods. The symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithm is analyzed and given some comparative statement. The final section discusses some possible ways to solve smart city security issues. This chapter showcases the security issues and solutions for smart city devices.
About Fully Homomorphic Encryption Improvement Techniques
Authors: El-Yahyaoui Ahmed , El Kettani Mohamed Daifr Ech-Cherif
Published: January 2021

Fully homomorphic encryption schemes (FHE) are a type of encryption algorithm dedicated to data security in cloud computing. It allows for performing computations over ciphertext. In addition to this characteristic, a verifiable FHE scheme has the capacity to allow an end user to verify the correctness of the computations done by a cloud server on his encrypted data. Since FHE schemes are known to be greedy in term of processing consumption and slow in terms of runtime execution, it is very useful to look for improvement techniques and tools to improve FHE performance. Parallelizing computations is among the best tools one can use for FHE improvement. Batching is a kind of parallelization of computations when applied to an FHE scheme, it gives it the capacity of encrypting and homomorphically processing a vector of plaintexts as a single ciphertext. This is used in the context of cloud computing to perform a known function on several ciphertexts for multiple clients at the same time. The advantage here is in optimizing resources on the cloud side and improving the quality of services provided by the cloud computing. In this article, the authors will present a detailed survey of different FHE improvement techniques in the literature and apply the batching technique to a promising verifiable FHE (VFHE) recently presented by the authors at the WINCOM17 conference.
Research on Campus Network Security Problem and Protection Strategy
Authors: Liu Yongli , Zhai Weifang , Ji Song
Published: January 2021

With the “Internet +” era of arrival, the major colleges and universities are in the construction of the wisdom of the campus, students and teachers living with the campus network is more and more closely related, Campus network security has become the protection of the wisdom of the campus construction. Campus network security issues become increasingly serious; a single security protection has been unable to meet the current security needs. This paper analyzes the major security threats facing the campus network, and presents the campus network security protection measures from the physical layer, network layer, system layer, application layer and management of five aspects, thus constructing the campus network's overall security defense system. The system has multiple security protection for Campus Network, thus improving the security of the campus network.
Data Security for Cloud Datasets With Bloom Filters on Ciphertext Policy Attribute Based Encryption
Authors: Kumar G. Sravan , Krishna A. Sri
Published: January 2021

Cloud data storage environments allow the data providers to store and share large amounts of datasets generated from various resources. However, outsourcing private data to a cloud server is insecure without an efficient access control strategy. Thus, it is important to protect the data and privacy of user with a fine-grained access control policy. In this article, a Bloom Filter-based Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (BF-CP-ABE) technique is presented to provide data security to cloud datasets with a Linear Secret Sharing Structure (LSSS) access policy. This fine-grained access control scheme hides the whole attribute set in the ciphertext, whereas in previous CP-ABE methods, the attributes are partially hidden in the ciphertext which in turn leaks private information about the user. Since the attribute set of the BF-CP-ABE technique is hidden, bloom filters are used to identify the authorized users during data decryption. The BF-CP-ABE technique is designed to be selective secure under an Indistinguishable-Chosen Plaintext attack and the simulation results show that the communication overhead is significantly reduced with the adopted LSSS access policy.
Security Issues in Mobile Devices and Mobile Adhoc Networks
Authors: Rath Mamata , Oreku George S.
Published: January 2021

For successful data transmission in wireless networks, security features are very much essential to implement. A mobile adhoc network contains a set of autonomous mobile stations that can correspond with each other instead of some adverse situation of wireless environment. Those mobile nodes that are not in the same series can communicate with others through intermediate hops. Security is a challenging mission in mobile adhoc network (MANET) due to many serious issues in the network such as hop-to-hop persistent wireless connectivity, high frequency of variation in topology of the network, and increasing rate of link failure due to higher mobility. So, it is very challenging to develop a secured, dynamic, and efficient routing protocol for such a magnificent network. In this chapter, vulnerability issues of MANET are focused on with a spotlight on prominent MANET protocols. A brief study on technical issues responsible for vulnerability in MANET has been depicted with systematic review on various issues and protocols that provide secured routing in the network.
Scientific Intelligence, Decision Making, and Cyber-Security
Authors: dall'Acqua Luisa
Published: January 2021

Because of the huge amount of data and information in the decision-making and strategic choices processes, basing decisions on information directly collected from the sources is not conceivable. A decision-making analyst becomes a fundamental pillar in both the corporate field and the institutional world. This role is becoming increasingly complex and specialized, critical within the cycle of the intelligence analysis, for the relationships that bind it to the other stakeholders, and for the methodological and technological tools that support it. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the milestones of the intelligence analysis deriving from a close collaboration between social sciences, cognitive science, computer engineering, and ICT in order to respond to the different needs in the field of risk management, safety, investigations, and applied intelligence.
Sensation of Deep Learning in Image Processing Applications
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: January 2021

This chapter will address challenges with IoT and machine learning including how a portion of the difficulties of deep learning executions while planning the arrangement and choice of right calculation. Existing research in deep learning and IoT was focused to find how garbage in will deliver waste out, which is exceptionally appropriate for the scope of the informational index for machine learning. The quality, sum, readiness, and choice of information are essential to the achievement of a machine learning arrangement. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide an overview of how the system can use technologies along with deep learning and challenges to realize the security challenges IoT can support. Even though calculations can work in any nonexclusive conditions, there are particular rules to determine which calculation would work best under which circumstances. How reinforcement learning deep learning is useful for IoT will also be covered in the chapter.
Corporate Information Security Investment Decisions
Authors: Schatz Daniel , Bashroush Rabih
Published: January 2021

This article describes how with information security steadily moving up on board room agendas, security programs are found to be under increasing scrutiny by practitioners. This level of attention by senior business leaders is new to many security professionals as their field has been of limited interest to non-executive directors so far. Currently, they have to regularly report on efficiency and value of their security capabilities whilst being measured against business priorities. Based on the Grounded Theory approach, the authors analysed the data gathered in a series of interviews with senior professionals in order to identify key factors in the context of information security investment decisions. The authors present detailed findings in context of a simplified framework that security practitioners can utilise for critical review or improvements of investment decisions in their own environments. Extensive details for each category as extracted through a qualitative data analysis are provided along with a category network analysis that highlights strong relationships within the framework.
The “Human Factor” in Cybersecurity
Authors: Hadlington Lee
Published: January 2021

A great deal of research has been devoted to the exploration and categorization of threats posed from malicious attacks from current employees who are disgruntled with the organisation, or are motivated by financial gain. These so-called “insider threats” pose a growing menace to information security, but given the right mechanisms, they have the potential to be detected and caught. In contrast, human factors related to aspects of poor planning, lack of attention to detail, and ignorance are linked to the rise of the accidental or unintentional insider. In this instance there is no malicious intent and no prior planning for their “attack,” but their actions can be equally as damaging and disruptive to the organisation. This chapter presents an exploration of fundamental human factors that could contribute to an individual becoming an unintentional threat. Furthermore, key frameworks for designing mitigations for such threats are also presented, alongside suggestions for future research in this area.
The Winds of Change in World Politics and the Impact on Cyber Stability
Authors: Greiman Virginia
Published: January 2021

One of the greatest geopolitical challenges in the 21st century will be competing for the control of cyberspace, the 5th domain of cyberwarfare after land, sea, air, and space, and the major economic challenge of the time. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, and unmanned drones, this challenge becomes even greater. This article explores through empirical evidence the interaction among the three powers that shape cyber intelligence and international security: globalism, regionalism, and nationalism. Recently, world politics has created a sense of urgency concerning the new world order and what that means for cyber security and the domain of cyberspace. With the recent cyberattacks targeting the American political system, the Foreign Ministry of the Czech Republic, the government of Croatia, and the 2017 attacks on the cyber systems operated by the Ukrainian government, there is concern about the stability of global connectedness and the potential for diminution of global boundaries. The concern about global stability raises the question of who controls cyberspace and who is accountable when things go wrong. The aim of the article is to advance a conceptualization for cyber governance frameworks for better control of cyber security by governments, intergovernmental organizations, and the private sector.
Social Media
Authors: Olomojobi Yinka , Omotola Odusanya Temitope
Published: January 2021

Terrorism is ubiquitous. Most states around the world have experienced some form of terrorism. Terrorism has undermined the profile of Nigeria and has generated a tense and fragile political system. This paper underscores that the prevalence of grievance and the lack of an innovative economic base in Nigeria are amongst the key factors that stimulate terrorism in the state. In Nigeria, terrorist activities have become endemic. A cursory look on these activities has proven that social media has become a source for propagating terrorism. This has generated multifarious security challenges as well. This paper is aimed at analyzing terrorism and social media. It further proceeds to examine the main thrust of the paper submitting that social media is a viable tool for terrorists. From this standpoint, the paper explores a case study analysis to further explain and evaluate the symbiotic relationship between social media and terrorism in Nigeria.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, Work Engagement, and Job Embeddedness
Authors: Ismael Ferman Omar , Yeşiltaş Mehmet , Andrea Simbarashe Rabson
Published: January 2021

This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Structural equation modeling tests were conducted on 522 responses gathered from telecommunications companies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results depicted that corporate social responsibility improvements have positive effects on organisational citizenship behaviour, work engagement, and job embeddedness. Further observations depicted an insignificant positive partial causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviour. This study's novelty elements are inherent in its potency to examine the causal path between corporate social responsibility, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. This study contributes to the literature by further expanding job embeddedness theory and proposing a comprehensive job embeddedness framework that researchers and practitioners can adopt in future research.
Information and Communication Technologies Use and Its Influence in Family Functioning
Authors: Dinesh Kumar J.  , Sriram Arulchelvan
Published: January 2021

The influence of ICT in family functioning is a thrust area to study in which the adoption and changes in family activities are growing every day on par with ICT development. Among the models dealing with the subject, Hertlein's multitheoretical model is the one which contains the combination of factors from three different ICT and family-based theories. There is no measurement items found for this model. So, this research developed the measurement items for all the factors in model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was done to validate the model. This research also understood the importance of family communication through literature and added that as a sub-factor in the process changes factor and fit well with the existing model. This proves that family communication is one of the major contributor of family process.
A Study on the Wide-Ranging Ethical Implications of Big Data Technology in a Digital Society
Authors: Lokshina Izabella V. , Lanting Cees J. M.
Published: January 2021

Exponential growth in the commercial use of the internet has dramatically increased the volume and scope of data gathered and analyzed by datacentric business organizations. Big Data emerged as a term to summarize both the technical and commercial aspects of these growing data collection and analysis processes. Formerly, much discussion of Big Data was focused on its transformational potential for technological innovation and efficiency; however, less attention was given to its ethical implications beyond the generation of commercial value. In this paper, the authors investigate the wide-ranging ethical implications of Big Data technology in a digital society. They inform that strategies behind Big Data technology require organizational systems, or business ecosystems, that also leave them vulnerable to accidents associated with its commercial value and known as data accidents. These data accidents have distinct features and raise important concerns, including data privacy during COVID-19. The authors suggest successful risk mitigation strategies.
Food’s Conservation into 03 Dimension’s Models of Cold Stores Operated by 03 Refrigeration Systems in Biskra Region (Classic, Absorption, Adsorption)
Authors: Benlouanas Kamel , Serir Lazhar
Published: January 2021

As renewable energy elucidation, the solar refrigeration of fruits such as date palm is a storage alternate to preserve food in healthy parameters of conditioning. This statistical and numeric study investigates the energy gain cost case around the diverse dimensions’ models of positive cold stores (02, 04, and 06 cold rooms), concerning energetic disparity and numerous financial fluctuations of the applied systems. The results of computation and analysis regarding panels of construction, equipment, consumption, and maintenance for classic, absorption, and adsorption refrigeration systems that conserve dates palm into these three cold stores. In the end, the comparison of technical and economic elements in tables and figures by enumerating their advantages and inconveniences. Classic Bitzer, Absorption WFC SC 5, and Adsorption AG ACS 15 and 08 are models in which their evaluation is relating to their costs. In Biskra, these results mean that adsorption chiller termed AG ACS (15 plus 08) is illustrious by its parameters of simplicity, lifespan, safety, and security, valued to 1147.5 €/m² and median cost up ten years of using is 92972 €.