bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Late Miocene-Early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusting event: new insights into the tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Stefano Vitale , Ernesto Paolo Prinzi , Tramparulo Francesco D'Assisi , Ciarcia Sabatino
Published: March 2021

We present a structural study on late Miocene-early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusts affecting the southern Apennine chain. The analyzed structures are exposed in the Campania region (southern Italy). Here, leading thrusts bound the N-NE side of the carbonate ridges that form the regional mountain backbone. In several outcrops, the Mesozoic carbonates are superposed onto the unconformable wedge-top basin deposits of the upper Miocene Castelvetere Group, providing constraints to the age of the activity of this thrusting event. We further analyzed the tectonic windows of Giffoni and Campagna, located on the rear of the leading thrust. We reconstructed the orogenic evolution of this part of the orogen. The first was related to the in-sequence thrusting with minor thrusts and folds, widespread both in the footwall and in the hanging wall. A subsequent extension has formed normal faults crosscutting the early thrusts and folds. All structures were subsequently affected by two shortening stages, which also deformed the upper Miocene wedge top basin deposits of the Castelvetere Group. We interpreted these late structures as related to an out-of-sequence thrust system defined by a main frontal E-verging thrust and lateral ramps characterized by N and S vergences. Associated with these thrusting events, LANFs were formed in the hanging wall of the major thrusts. Such out-of-sequence thrusts are observed in the whole southern Apennines and record a thrusting event that occurred in the late Messinian-early Pliocene. We related this tectonic episode to the positive inversion of inherited normal faults located in the Paleozoic basement. These envelopments thrust upward crosscut the allochthonous wedge, including, in the western zone of the chain, the upper Miocene wedge-top basin deposits. Finally, we suggest that the two tectonic windows are the result of the formation of an E-W trending regional antiform, associated with a late S-verging back-thrust, that has been eroded and crosscut by Early Pleistocene normal faults.
Exploiting new satellite connectivity means to conduct efficient measurement missions
Authors: Ramos Natividad , Gallois Rémy , Gaubert Jean-Marc
Published: March 2021

The digitalization of airborne scientific operations has become a must to secure and optimise efforts engaged on field campaigns. Thanks to affordable communication and information technologies, the potential of these special operations can be maximized.

ATMOSPHERE has developed PLANET, a network-centric operations platform that answers the specific needs of research missions. It enables efficient coordination through real-time sharing of information between mission’s stakeholders. It is now used routinely in atmospheric and Earth observation missions, such as the measurement of traces of gases and aerosols performed by the DLR Dassault Falcon D-CMET. PLANET has recently played a major role in challenging international campaigns involving aircraft, vessels, and drones (ATOMIC/EUREC4A, MOSAiC).

Under the ESA ARTES programme, ATMOSPHERE is now leveraging the solution to provide enhanced services relying on the Iridium Next satellite constellation.

This paper reviews measurement campaigns in which the use of satellite connectivity was essential, and describes how the exploitation of new ATMOSPHERE´s applications can benefit the scientific community.
Solid to superionic transition in iron oxide-hydroxide
Authors: Hu Qingyang , Hou Mingqiang , He Yu
Published: March 2021

At planetary interior conditions, water ice has been proved to enter a superionic phase recently since it was predicted about 30-year ago. Hydrogen in superionic water become liquid-like, and move freely within solid oxygen lattice. Under extreme pressure and temperature conditions of Earth’s deep mantle, the solid-superionic transition can also occur readily in the pyrite-type FeO2Hx, a candidate mineral in the lower mantle and probably also in other hydrous minerals. We find that when the pressure increases beyond 73 GPa at room temperature, symmetric hydroxyl bonds are softened and the H+ (or proton) become diffusive within the vicinity of its crystallographic site. Increasing temperature under pressure, the diffusivity of hydrogen is extended beyond individual unit cell to cover the entire solid, and the electrical conductivity soars, indicating a transition to the superionic state which is characterized by freely-moving proton and solid FeO2 lattice. The superionic hydrogen will dramatically change the geophysical picture of electrical conductivity and magnetism, as well as geochemical processes of hydrogen isotopic mixing and redox equilibria at local regions of Earth’s deep interiors.
National scale soil sealing monitoring data as a new explanatory variable for landslide susceptibility models
Authors: Luti Tania , Segoni Samuele , Munafò Michele , Casagli Nicola
Published: March 2021

It is widely known that human activities can negatively affect the equilibrium of slope systems, triggering or predisposing to landslides. In Italy, ISPRA (Italian Institute for Environmental Protection Research) uses remote sensing techniques to monitor the expansion of artificialization of the territory and releases every year an updated map of soil sealing, which is defined as the destruction or covering of natural soils by totally or partially impermeable artificial material. The soil sealing map covers the entire national territory and has a fine spatial resolution (10 m).

In this work, for the first time, soil sealing indicators are used as explanatory variables in a landslide susceptibility assessment. Three new parameters were derived from the raw soil sealing map: “soil sealing aggregation” (continuous variable expressing the percentage of sealed soil within each mapping unit), “soil sealing” (categorical variable expressing if a mapping unit is mainly natural or sealed), “urbanization” (categorical variable subdividing each unit into natural, semi-urbanized, or urbanized).

These parameters were added to a set of state-of-the-art explanatory variables in a random forest landslide susceptibility model. In particular, the parameters derived from soil sealing were compared with two state-of-the-art parameters widely used to account for human disturbance: land cover/land use (as derived from a CORINE land cover map) and road network.  

Results were compared in terms of AUC (area under receiver operating characteristics curve, expressing the overall effectiveness of the configurations tested) and out-of-bag-error (used to quantify the relative importance of each variable). We found that the parameter “soil sealing aggregation” significantly enhanced the model performances. The results open new perspectives for the use of data derived from soil sealing monitoring programs to improve landslide hazard studies.  
Simple numerical strategies to model freezing in variably-saturated soil with the standard finite element method
Authors: Blöcher Johanna , Mayer Petr , Kuraz Michal
Published: March 2021

An accurate representation of freezing and thawing in soil covers many applications including simulation of land surface processes, hydrology, and degrading permafrost. Freezing and thawing tightly couple water and heat flow, where temperature and temperature gradients influence the water flow and phase changes, and water content and flow influence the heat transport. In most porous media, the interface between liquid and frozen water is not sharp and a slushy zone is present. A common observation of freezing soil is water accumulation towards the freezing front due to Cryosuction. A mathematical model can be derived using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which allows the derivation of a soil freezing curve relating temperature to pressure head. This is based on the assumption that soil freezing is similar to soil drying.

Many models still lack features such as Cryosuction. We believe that this may be due to numerical issues that model developers face with their current solver and discretization setup. Implementing freezing soil accurately is not straight-forward. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron creates a discontinuity in the freezing rate and latent heat at the freezing point and little attention has been paid to the adequate description of their numerical treatment and computational challenges. Discretizing this discontinuous system with standard finite element methods (standard Galerkin type) can cause spurious oscillations because the standard finite element method uses continuous base/shape functions that are incapable of handling discontinuity of any kind within an element. Similarly, standard finite difference methods are also not capable of handling discontinuities. In this contribution, we present the application of regularization of the discontinuous term, which allows the use of the standard finite element method. We implemented the model in the open-source code base DRUtES (www.drutes.org). We verify this approach on synthetic and various real freezing soil column experiments conducted by Jame (1977) and Mizoguchi (1990).

Jame, Y.-W., Norum, D.I., 1980. Heat and mass transfer in a freezing unsaturated porous medium. Water Resources Research 16, 811–819. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i004p00811

Mizoguchi, M., 1990. Water, heat and salt transport in freezing soil. sensible and latent heat flow in a partially frozen unsaturated soil. University of Tokyo.

 
Producing Daily Landsat Snow Cover Time-Series Data
Authors: Zakeri Fatemeh , Mariethoz Gregoire
Published: March 2021

Snow cover maps are critical for hydrological studies as well as climate change impacts assessment. Remote sensing plays a vital role in providing snow cover information. However, acquisition limitations such as clouds, shadows, or revisiting time limit accessing daily complete snow cover maps obtained from remote sensing. This study explores the generation of synthetic daily Landsat time-series data focusing on snow cover using available Landsat data and climate data for 2020 in the Western Swiss Alps (Switzerland). 
Landsat surface reflectance is predicted using all available Landsat imagery from 1984 to2020 and ERA5 reanalysis precipitation and air temperature daily data in this study. For a given day where there is no Landsat data, the proposed procedure computes a similarity metric to find a set of days having a similar climatic pattern and for which satellite data is available. These best match images constitute possible snow cover scenarios on the target day and can be used as stochastic input to impact models. 
Visual comparison and quantitative assessment are used to evaluate the accuracy of the generated images. In both accuracy assessments, some real Landsat data are omitted from the searching data set, and synthetic images are compared visually with real Landsat images. In the quantitative evaluation, the RSME between the real and artificial images is computed in a cross-validation fashion. Both accuracy procedures demonstrate that the combination of Landsat and climate data can predict Landsat's daily reflectance focusing on snow cover.
The LQ-WARN Project – Development of a Model Output Statistics Product for Air Quality Warnings
Authors: Robrecht Sabine , Lambert Andreas , Gilge Stefan
Published: March 2021

In order to reach legal air quality limits, several municipalities in Germany have decided to take actions if concentrations of NO2 and Particulate Matter (PM) exceed certain thresholds. The decision for concrete measures is usually based on observations or use the Direct Model Output (DMO) of air quality models. However, due to large biases of state-of-the-art numerical air quality models, the skill of DMO forecasts to predict periods of polluted air up to four days ahead is very limited.

The project LQ-WARN aims to develop a system for warning of poor air quality based on Model Output Statistics (MOS). Therefore, air quality related observations, model results provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and meteorological parameters from the ECMWF numerical weather prediction model are used as predictors to forecast the air quality by applying Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). In this way MOS equations are calculated for four seasons. The final forecast product will comprise post-processed probabilistic as well as deterministic (e.g. mass concentration) parameters for the species NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5. Forecasts will be available for several hundred German locations and cover lead times up to 96 hours.

Here, we show first results of our phase 1 MOS prototype, for which observational, meteorological and empirical predictors are applied. Despite of the preliminary exclusion of CAMS predictors, the verifications of the MOS equations imply a considerable reduction of variance and a significant reduction of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) compared to the climatological values for all four species. Hence, the MOS system can already provide a reasonably good air quality forecast. Furthermore, our analysis of used meteorological predictors, enables a detailed analysis of the importance of specific meteorological parameters for improved statistical air quality forecasts.  As an outlook we will provide detailed information about the final phase 2 LQ-WARN product, which will also include the MOS predictors of CAMS and is expected to be launched in pre-operational mode by 2022.
Strength and permeability evolution of andesite during benchtop acid dissolution experiments: implications for volcanic systems
Authors: Farquharson Jamie , Wild Bastien , Kushnir Alexandra , Heap Michael , Baud Patrick , Kennedy Ben
Published: March 2021

Acidic crater lakes are common features of subaerial volcanic systems; indeed, research suggests the existence of over 700 volcanic lakes around the world. Their persistence requires a regular input of water (e.g., meteoric water) at a rate that exceeds the migration of fluid from the system—for example, due to evaporation or fluid flow through the porous edifice.  Flank aquifers and fumarole fields may similarly be strongly acidic environments.

In order to explore the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties of an andesite under these field-relevant chemical conditions, we performed batch reaction experiments over timescales from 1 day to 4 months. The experiments involved immersion of a suite of samples in a solution of sulfuric acid (0.125 M; pH ∼0.6). Periodically, samples were removed and their physical and mechanical properties measured. We observe a progressive loss of sample mass, along with a general increase in porosity. We attribute this to the dissolution of plagioclase,  accompanied by the generation of a microporous diktytaxitic groundmass due to glass dissolution.

Plagioclase phenocrysts are seen to undergo progressive pseudomorphic replacement by an amorphous phase enriched in silica and depleted in other, relatively more soluble, cations (Na, Ca, and Al). In the first phase of dissolution (i.e. between 1 and 10 days), this process appears to be confined to preexisting fractures within the plagioclase phenocrysts. Ultimately, however, these phenocrysts tend toward entire replacement by amorphous silica. We do not observe evidence of induced dissolution or alteration in the other mineral constituents of the material: pyroxene, cristobalite, and titanomagnetite, specifically.

Examining the required Klinkenberg corrections during permeability measurements, we quantitatively demonstrate that the relative aperture of flow pathways increases with progressive acid immersion, by as much as a factor of five. We propose that the dissolution process results in the widening of pore throats and the improvement of pore connectivity, with the effect of increasing permeability by over an order of magnitude relative to the initial measurements. Compressive strength of our samples was also decreased, insofar as porosity tends to increase.

We highlight broader implications of the observed permeability increase and strength reduction for volcanic systems including induced flank failure and related hazards, improved efficiency of volatile migration, and attendant eruption implications.
Understanding uses and implications of water forecasting in multisectoral research
Authors: Turner Sean , Voisin Nathalie
Published: March 2021

The increasing availability and reliability of river flow forecasts has coincided with forecast-guided operating arrangements that seek to enhance the benefits of water reservoir operations. In the western United States, where winter snowpack depth indicates spring and summer flow, water release decisions may be informed with estimates of incoming water out to weeks and months ahead. Understanding how such medium to long-range forecasts affect the spatial and temporal distribution of water availability at across large basins and regions is necessary to accurately drive and constrain expansive, water-dependent system simulations, such grid-scale electrical power dispatch. This presentation will encompass recent research activities aimed at characterizing the use of forecasts and simulating their effects in large scale hydrological and water management models. Results show that forecasts must be included in reservoir models to accurately reproduce release decisions. Implementing these operations in large-scale hydrological models remains a significant challenge to be tackled by the community. Problems of simulated streamflow bias and lack of accurate data describing water withdrawal and consumption means must be addressed to harness realistic, forecast-based operations in large-scale water management models.
Shifting ocean circulation warms the Subpolar North Atlantic since 2016
Authors: Desbruyères Damien , Chafik Léon , Maze Guillaume
Published: March 2021

The Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is known for rapid reversals of decadal temperature trends, with ramifications encompassing the large-scale meridional overturning and gyre circulations, Arctic heat and mass balances, or extreme continental weather. Here, we combine datasets derived from sustained ocean observing systems (satellite and in situ), and idealized observation-based modelling (advection-diffusion of a passive tracer) and machine learning technique (ocean profile clustering) to document and explain the most-recent and ongoing cooling-to-warming transition of the SPNA. Following a gradual cooling of the region that was persisting since 2006, a surface-intensified and large-scale warming sharply emerged in 2016 following an ocean circulation shift that enhanced the northeastward penetration of warm and saline waters from the western subtropics. Driving mechanisms and ramification for deep ocean heat uptake will be discussed.
2016 Monsoon Convection and its place in the Large-Scale Circulation using Doppler Radars
Authors: Doyle Alex , Turner Andrew , Stein Thorwald
Published: March 2021

Convective cloud development during the Indian monsoon helps moisten the atmospheric environment and drive the monsoon trough northwards each year, bringing a large amount of India’s annual rainfall. Therefore, an increased understanding of how monsoon convection develops in observations will help inform model development. In this study, 139 days of India Meteorological Department Doppler weather radar data is analysed for 7 sites across India during the 2016 monsoon season. Convective cell-top heights (CTH) are objectively identified through the season, and compared with near-surface (at 2 km height) reflectivity. These variables are analysed over three time scales of variability during the monsoon: monsoon progression, active-break periods and the diurnal cycle. We find a modal maximum in CTH around 6–8 km for all sites. Reflectivity increases with CTH, at first sharply, then less sharply above the freezing level. Bhopal and Mumbai exhibit lower CTH for monsoon break periods compared to active periods. A clear diurnal cycle in CTH is seen at all sites except Mumbai. The phase of the diurnal cycle depends on the surface type being land or ocean for south-eastern India, with the frequency of oceanic cells typically exhibiting an early morning peak compared to those over land, consistent with the observed diurnal cycle of precipitation. The cell characteristics discovered are discussed in light of the differences in large-scale synoptic and mesoscale mechanisms responsible for different cell regimes. Our findings confirm that Indian monsoon convective regimes are partly regulated by the large-scale synoptic environment within which they are embedded.
Chasing sand: evolution of the surface and subsurface drainage of the Sinkhole Plain, Central Kentucky Karst, USA
Authors: Bosch Rachel , Ward Dylan
Published: March 2021

This work extends the established geochronology of the Mammoth Cave region, Kentucky, USA, spatially and temporally, to infer evolution of the karst landscape and to consider the shifting drainage basins of the Barren River and the Green River in relation to regional drainage rearrangements. Previous studies have focused on the Mammoth Cave System and used cosmogenic radionuclide dating to link the incision history of the Green River and the Cave as far back as 3.25 Ma. We posit that prior to the wide-spread karstification that produced Mammoth Cave, drainage consisted of a purely fluvial stream network flow on the youngest clastic rocks. When this caprock was breached, carbonate dissolution ensued and the system transitioned to fluviokarst. Relict large trunk passages that originated at that time can be found in features such as Prewitts Knob, Bald Knob, and Huckleberry Knob. We intend to use sediments and speleothems collected from Crystal Onyx Cave in Prewitts Knob to constrain the age of this stage of karst development and to provide an estimate of the long-term erosion rate of the Sinkhole Plain surrounding the knob. These relict trunks were also used for cave stream profile reconstruction in combination with the east-west trending uvalas and sets of steep, deep sinkholes. We interpret that paleodrainage as having been west-flowing into the Barren River which then served as regional base level. Thus, we infer that as the rivers incised, this drainage was pirated to the north and began flowing to the Green River. The system then evolved into a more mature karst, large conduits near the surface collapsed, and dissected the landscape into isolated depressions. The collapsed limestone formed red soil and the sandstone produced angular clasts scattered throughout that soil. The retreating Chester Cuesta, marking the boundary between the Sinkhole Plain and the sandstone-capped Chester Upland, eroded most rapidly where limestone was exposed to the surface and more slowly where it was sandstone-capped leaving abandoned isolated cave trunk passage segments in remnant knobs. The results of this work have implications for understanding timescales of the evolution of karst systems in unconfined carbonate sequences as well as the interaction of karst areas with the transience in drainage networks.
Making the Conceptual Tangible: The Role of Art in Understanding Mathematics and Physics
Authors: Smith Lucy E
Published: March 2021

This research considers the educational role of art in finding pathways towards accessing mathematics and science, particularly those abstract concepts usually only accessible to people with an advanced algebraic vocabulary.

In the light of the narrowing of the school curriculum in recent decades, and particularly the reduction in timetabling of art and music in English schools, this research actively explores the use of topic overlap between sciences and art to investigate how abstract concepts can be made tangible through visual and aural stimulation.

Kinetic sculpture is employed that visibly and audibly demonstrates particular phenomena, e.g. wavelike behaviour, harmonic ratios or resonance. The sculpture encompasses two or more tangible aspects such as shape, pattern, scale, sound, resonant frequencies, motion, recorded film that illuminates differences in different latitudes, and reversed or translated perspectives.

Feedback is sought through exhibitions of the sculpture. Through observation, survey and interview, key metrics are captured and analysed. These include the degree to which interest has been captured, curiosity aroused, and particularly comprehension aided by the art designed to maximise observation, questioning, critical thinking and learning.

The longer term goal of the research is to initiate a conversation in the wider public domain as to the value of art in accessing abstract concepts. It will bring to the broadest forum the value of art in its uniqueness, breadth of language, immediacy and power of communication by visibly and audibly shedding light on physical phenomena and enabling people the potential for greater success and enjoyment in learning.

 
Discrete Normal Mode Decompositions in Quasigeostrophic Theory
Authors: Yassin Houssam , Griffies Stephen
Published: March 2021

The baroclinic modes of quasigeostrophic theory are incomplete and the incompleteness manifests as a loss of information in the projection process. The incompleteness of the baroclinic modes is related to the presence of two previously unnoticed stationary step-wave solutions of the Rossby wave problem with flat boundaries. These step-waves are the limit of surface quasigeostrophic waves as boundary buoyancy gradients vanish. A complete normal mode basis for quasigeostrophic theory is obtained by considering the traditional Rossby wave problem with prescribed buoyancy gradients at the lower and upper boundaries. The presence of these boundary buoyancy gradients activates the previously inert boundary degrees of freedom. These Rossby waves have several novel properties such as the presence of multiple equivalent barotropic modes, a finite number of modes with negative norms, and their vertical structures form a basis capable of representing any quasigeostrophic state. Using this complete basis, we are able to obtain a series expansion to the potential vorticity of Bretherton (with Dirac delta contributions). We compare the convergence and differentiability properties of these complete modes with various other modes in the literature. We also examine the quasigeostrophic vertical velocity modes and derive a complete basis for such modes as well. In the process, we introduce the concept of the quasigeostrophic phase space which we define to be the space of all possible quasigeostrophic states. A natural application of these modes is the development of a weakly non-linear wave-interaction theory of geostrophic turbulence that takes prescribed boundary buoyancy gradients into account.
Prediction of Future Groundwater Contamination Risk in Rural Agricultural Regions
Authors: Persaud Elisha , Levison Jana
Published: March 2021

Strategies for understanding regional groundwater contamination risk are often challenged by changing land use and climate conditions. Furthermore, index-based assessment methods are typically implemented in a static manner which inherently precludes possible changes in future contamination risk resulting from these dynamic conditions. It is perhaps equally important to consider the manner in which climate forcing and land use are represented. With regards to land use in particular, rural regions may have unique concerns; agricultural land use is commonly represented as a single land use class despite the complex land management practices that may be present and the subsequent implications for groundwater quality. This investigation demonstrates alteration of the conventional DRASTIC-LU methodology to assess mid-century changes in groundwater contamination risk through the treatment of recharge, depth to water table, and land use as dynamic factors. The potential influence of agricultural land use representation on DRASTIC-LU model performance and prediction is concurrently examined. The Upper Parkhill watershed in southwestern Ontario, Canada is explored as a case study for method application. Study results indicate that the inclusion of crop rotation and tile drainage data has the potential to improve model functioning. Moreover, predicted future changes in groundwater contamination risk may differ depending on the manner in which agricultural land use is represented. This investigation helps to resolve the influence of land use on groundwater contamination risk and provides a screening tool that may be used to support groundwater decision making.
Variability of throughfall erosivity among crown positions in a teak plantation based on raindrop measurements and throughfall partitioning
Authors: Nanko Kazuki , Tanaka Nobuaki , Leuchner Michael , Levia Delphis
Published: March 2021

Knowledge of throughfall erosivity is necessary for the accurate prediction of soil erosion in some forests with little protective ground cover. This study compared throughfall drops and erosivity between open rainfall and for four different crown positions in a teak plantation in Thailand. Throughfall was partitioned into free throughfall, splash throughfall, and canopy drip using drop size distributions of both open rainfall and throughfall. Relative to open rainfall, we found the following: (1) throughfall drops were lower in number but larger in size due to the coalescence of raindrops on canopies; (2) throughfall drops, especially canopy drip, had lower velocity due to insufficient fall distance from the canopy to the forest floor to reach terminal velocity, which partly depends on crown base height and the vertical distribution of foliage; and (3) throughfall usually had higher kinetic energy due to larger drop size, which depends on the amount of canopy drip and the crown base height. Mid-crown positions were subjected to higher throughfall kinetic energy than in the canopy gap or near-stem positions. Compared to mid-crown positions, the gap position had smaller drops and less canopy drip, while the near-stem position had lower drop fall velocity. The erosivity of throughfall with respect to crown position is useful in the development of high-resolution soil erosion risk maps that can help maintain forest productivity in teak plantations.

The work was funded by JSPS KAKENHI Grant numbers JP17780119, JP15H05626, and JP17KK0159 and the CREST Program of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency). A part of the study is published in Nanko et al. (2020) doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26086-6_12. 
A high-resolution unified observational data product of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004–2017
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Feng Zhe , Qian Yun , Leung L. Ruby
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Deep convection possesses markedly distinct properties at different
spatiotemporal scales. We present an original high-resolution (4 km, hourly)
unified data product of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and isolated
deep convection (IDC) in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and
examine their climatological characteristics from 2004 to 2017. The data
product is produced by applying an updated Flexible Object Tracker algorithm
to hourly satellite brightness temperature, radar reflectivity, and
precipitation datasets. Analysis of the data product shows that MCSs are
much larger and longer-lasting than IDC, but IDC occurs about 100 times more
frequently than MCSs, with a mean convective intensity comparable to that of
MCSs. Hence both MCS and IDC are essential contributors to precipitation
east of the Rocky Mountains, although their precipitation shows
significantly different spatiotemporal characteristics. IDC precipitation
concentrates in summer in the Southeast with a peak in the late afternoon,
while MCS precipitation is significant in all seasons, especially for spring
and summer in the Great Plains. The spatial distribution of MCS
precipitation amounts varies by season, while diurnally, MCS precipitation
generally peaks during nighttime except in the Southeast. Potential
uncertainties and limitations of the data product are also discussed. The
data product is useful for investigating the atmospheric environments and
physical processes associated with different types of convective systems;
quantifying the impacts of convection on hydrology, atmospheric chemistry,
and severe weather events; and evaluating and improving the representation
of convective processes in weather and climate models. The data product is
available at https://doi.org/10.25584/1632005 (Li
et al., 2020).
Application of the Governance Disruptions Framework to German
agricultural soil policy
Authors: Bartkowski Bartosz , Bartke Stephan , Hagemann Nina , Hansjürgens Bernd , Schröter-Schlaack Christoph
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Governance of natural resources is inherently complex and requires navigating trade-offs at multiple dimensions. In this paper, we present and operationalize the Governance Disruptions Framework (GDF) as a tool for holistic analysis of natural resource governance systems. For each of the four dimensions of the framework (target adequacy, object adequacy, instrument adequacy, and behavioural adequacy) we formulate guiding questions, to be used when applying the framework to particular governance systems. We then demonstrate the use of GDF by applying it to the core of German agricultural soil policy. We show that for each framework dimension, the governance system exhibits deficits, particularly with respect to object adequacy and instrument adequacy. Furthermore, we use the GDF-based analysis to highlight research gaps. We find that stakeholder analyses are a central gap across GDF dimensions.
Peranan Sektor Pertanian terhadap Perekonomian di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Umasugi Linda
Published: March 2021

Indonesia dikenal sebagai Negara agraris yang berarti negara yang mengandalkan sektor pertanian baik sebagai sumber mata pencarian maupun sebagai penompang pembangunan Sektor pertanian meliputi subsektor tanaman bahan makanan, sub sektor holtikultura, subsektor perikanan, subsektor peternakan dan subsektor kehutanan. Peranan sektor pertanian dalam pembangunan ekonomi sangat penting karena sebagian besar anggota masyarakat di negara-negara miskn mengutamakan hidupnya pada sektor tersebut. Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang berperan penting sebagai motor penggerakan pembangunan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis peranan sektor pertanian terhadap perekonomian di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula provinsi Maluku Utara. Metode analisis menggunakan LQ dan DLQ pertanian apakah merupakan sektor basis atau non basis, serta dengan melihat kontribusi sektor pertanian terhadap Produk Domestic Bruto (PDRB) di kabupaten kepulauan sula. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang di peroleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula dan Provinsi Maluku Utara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan  peranan sektor  di perkonomian di kabupaten kepulauan sula adalah sektor pertanian dengan nilai Luation Quantion (LQ) 1.75 serta sektor lainnya seperti sektor industri pengelolaan dan sektor kontruksi merupakan sektor basis. berdasarkan  Analisis Dynamic Lucation Quotient (DLQ) , sektor pertanian di prediksi  masih merupakan sektor basis di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula pada lima tahun yang akan datang dengan nilai 5.79.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon
Authors: Sumah Dene Fries
Published: March 2021

Diabetes melitus adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena gangguan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau kedua-duanya. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronik yang pravalensinya tinggi di Indonesia. Kualitas tidur berperan sebagai pengendali kadar gula darah dan menurunkan resistensi insulin pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas tidur dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 32 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di ruang Penyakit Dalam RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Pengukuran kualitas tidur menggunakan The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Kadar gula darah diukur menggunakan Nesco Multicheck. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square dengan nilai  p < 0,05, dimana nilai p (p=0,002 dan p=0,000). Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Ruang Penyakit Dalam RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon.
Social accounting in organizations of the Social Economy: The ARTE program applied to the CLADE Group
Authors: Aguado Muñoz Ricardo , Retolaza Ávalos José Luis , Alcañiz González Leire
Published: March 2021

Existe una preocupación creciente en las empresas (y específicamente dentro de las organizaciones de economía social) y en la sociedad sobre la necesidad de alinear los intereses de estas con los del conjunto de los partícipes sociales y el bienestar de la sociedad. Las Universidades y sus Facultades de Ciencias Empresariales están encontrando dificultades en adaptar sus curricula y herramientas pedagógicas para ayudar a la actual y futuras generaciones de gestores en la implementación estratégica de este alineamiento de intereses. En este artículo proponemos un programa de educación ejecutiva en gestión (Action Research Training Experience-ARTE) como una herramienta práctica para contribuir a este alineamiento de intereses. El programa ARTE incorpora dos tipos de innovaciones. En primer lugar, el objetivo de ARTE es diseñar e implementar un método de contabilidad social capaz de informar a las organizaciones participantes acerca de sus resultados en el ámbito financiero, social y de la sostenibilidad. En segundo lugar, el programa ARTE se implementa a través de una metodología no tradicional: aprendizaje activo y crítico (critical action learning). En el artículo analizamos el marco teórico de ARTE y desarrollamos su aplicación práctica a siete subsidiarias de un gran grupo empresarial perteneciente a la economía social. El artículo muestra la posibilidad de introducir en una empresa de economía social un método de contabilidad social capaz de producir información válida para comprender y alinear el valor que esa organización produce con los intereses de los partícipes sociales, y con el bienestar de la comunidad en la que se inserta.
Pengaruh Aktifitas Jalan Pagi Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Pusat Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Mappakasunggu Pare-Pare
Authors: Silwanah Andi Sani , Yusuf Rezky Aulia , Hatta Nyla
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana tekanan sistol dan diastol mengalami kenaikan yang melebihi batas normal tekanan (tekanan sistol diatas 140 mmHg dan diastol diatas 90 mmHg). Profil Dinas kesehatan provinsi Sulawesi Selatan pada tahun 2017, tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi di Sulawesi Selatan dengan kasus tertinggi, yaitu di kabupaten Selayar 32,49%, kabupaten Soppeng 24,92% dan Takalar 14,82%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas jalan pagi terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Pusat Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia (PPSLU) Mappakasunggu Pare-Pare. Metode: Desain penelitian pre-experiment menggunakan one group pre-post test design dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisa data diperoleh dengan observasi. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukan pemeriksaan kelengkapan dan pengolahan data, kemudian dilakukan analisis data univariat pada tiap-tiap variabel serta analisis bivariat untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen (aktivitas jalan pagi) terhadap variabel dependen (hipertensi) dengan menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 20 responden sebelum dilakukan aktivitas jalan pagi terdapat 12 reponden (60,0%) tekanan darah sistol 140 mmHg dan 15 responden (75,0%) tekanan darah diastol 90 mmHg. Setelah dilakukan aktivitas jalan pagi terdapat 9 responden (45,0%) pada tekanan darah sistol 140 mmHg dan 8 responden (40,0%) tekanan darah diastol antara 80 dan 90 mmHg. Hasil analisa data diperoleh p=0.020 (<0.05>). Kesimpulan: Jalan pagi selama 30 menit dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam seminggu sangat berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada lansia penderita hipertensi. Saran: diharapkan dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan khususnya di bidang keperawatan gerontik.
Dampak Pernikahan Dini Terhadap Kehamilan Remaja Putri Suku Buton Di Desa Simi Kecamatan Waisama Kabupaten Buru Selatan
Authors: Buton Suryanti , Yusriani  , Idris Fairus Prihatin
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang:Perkawinan usia anak dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil pendahuluan, diperoleh dua informan mengalami dampak terburuk dari pernikahan dini terjadi kematian bayi pada saat dilahirkan dan pada usia 1,5 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi, mengkaji dan menganalisis secara mendalam tentang dampak pernikahan dini pada kehamilan remaja putri Suku Buton di Desa Simi Kecamatan Waisama Kabupaten Buru Selatan.  Metode:kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan. Penelitian kualitatif digunakan dengan maksud untuk mengkaji dampak pernikahan dini pada kesehatan remaja putri suku Buton melalui indept interview, observasi dan dokumentasi selama penelitian berlangsung.Hasil: penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa informan biasa dalam penelitian ini sebagian besar telah melakukan ritual posuo (pingitan) namun sebagian besar informan tetap merasakan dampak kesehatan akibat menikah di usia muda.Dari 7 orang informan biasa, sebagian besar mengalami masalah kesehatan yaitu pada masalah kehamilan terjadi penurunan gerakan janin, abortus dan anemia. Kesimpulan: pernikahan dini membawa dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan remaja putri suku Buton baik remaja yang melakukan ritual posuo ataupun remaja yang tidak melakukan ritual posuo.
Pembatalan Perkawinan dan Akibat Hukumnya: Studi Putusan Nomor 1384/Pdt.G/2013/PA Mks
Authors: Husaima Husaima , Hafidz Ma’ruf , Khalid Hasbuddin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap perusahaan leasing yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Serta menganalisis faktor-faktor efektivitas yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum bagi perlindungan konsumen terhadap perusahaan leasing yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Hasil yang diperoleh penulis dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap perusahaan Leasing yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum terbagi menjadi dua yakni bentuk preventif dan represif. Penegakan hukum sengketa konsumen tidak lepas dari tiga faktor yaitu Substansi Hukum, Struktur Hukum dan Kultur Hukumnya yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan prosesnya. Adapun diantaranya ialah ketentuan yang kontradiktif dan rumusannya tidak jelas serta tegas, terlalu banyak peranan lemabaga yang terlibat dalam penegakan hukum UUPK,  tidak adanya pedoman operasioanl, dan pelaku usaha tidak melaksanakan putusan BPSK dengan sukarela.

This study aims to determine and analyze the form of legal protection for consumers against companies leasing that commit acts against the law. As well as analyzing the factors that influence law enforcement for consumer protection agains tcompanies leasing that commit acts against the law. The results obtained by the author in conducting this research are consumer protection against companies leasing that commit acts against the law is divided into two, namely preventive and repressive forms. Law enforcement of consumer disputes cannot be separated from three factors, namely Legal Substance, Legal Structure and Legal Culture which affect the success of the process. Among them are contradictory provisions and the formulation is not clear and firm, there are too many roles of institutions involved in UUPK law enforcement, there are no operational guidelines, and business actors do not voluntarily implement BPSK decisions.
Konflik Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum Di Kabupaten Maros
Authors: Bustam Bustam , Nawi Syahruddin , Baharuddin Hamza
Published: March 2021

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui bentuk konflik yang timbul pada pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di Kabupaten Maros setelah pemberlakuan Undang-undang No. 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah dan 2) Untuk mengetahui bentuk penyelesaian konflik dalam pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum di Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini berbentuk socio legal research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Bentuk-bentuk konflik  dalam pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum adalah konflik horizontal yakni konflik yang melibatkan dua pihak atau lebih  di mana pihak-pihak yang terlibat tidak berada dalam keseimbangan kedudukan. Konflik   ini terjadi karena faktor substansi hukum yang multitafsir, inkonsistensi pelaksanaan tugas dari penyelenggara pengadaan tanah dengan ketentuan dalam Undang-undang Pengadaan Tanah  dan kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai pengadaan tanah. 2) Bentuk penyelesaian terhadap konflik pengadaan tanah dilakukan melalui  harmonisasi substansi hukum, sinkronisasi antar sektor dalam pengambilan  keputusan, redefinisi beberapa konsep pengadaan tanah dan sosialisasi hukum pengadaan tanah kepada masyarakat, sosialisasi hukum kepada masyarakat.

The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the form of conflict that arises in the implementation of land acquisition for development in the public interest in Maros Regency after the enactment of Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition and 2) To determine the form of conflict resolution in the implementation of land acquisition for development in the public interest in Maros Regency. This research is in the form of socio legal research. The results showed that 1) The forms of conflict in the implementation of land acquisition for development of the public interest are horizontal conflicts, the conflicts involving two or more parties in which the parties involved are not in a balanced position. This conflict occurred due to the substance of the law which has multiple interpretations, inconsistency in the implementation of the duties of the land acquisition organizer with the provisions in the Land Acquisition Law and the lack of public understanding of land acquisition. 2) The form of resolution of land acquisition conflicts is carried out through harmonization of legal substance, synchronization between sectors in decision making, redefinition of several land acquisition concepts and socialization of land acquisition law to the community, and socialization of the law to the community.