bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death by the Bottle or the Spoon: Diet, Health and Well-Being
Authors: Goodman Sam
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the juxtaposition between the political and the personal in Anglo-Indian fiction through an examination of health and well-being in relation to diet. The chapter argues that a range of authors explore the history of colonial India by using food, lifestyle and diet as lenses through which to explore the cultural, political and medical legacies of Empire. The history of food is a rich sub-field of enquiry, and offers insight into the everyday practices of colonial society, as well as acting as a repeated ‘contact zone’ between British and Indian culture. The chapter also explores the perennial presence of alcohol and drinking in Anglo-Indian society and its fictional representation through comparative analysis of the work of Paul Scott and Salman Rushdie. Through evaluation of literary texts as well as a range of medical sources related to diet, alcohol and inebriation, this chapter illustrates how drinking is central to literary approaches to satirising, subverting and undermining the supposed benefit that Empire, and the model of British lifestyle that comprised the so-called ‘civilising mission’, presented to India and Indians.
Conclusion: Imperial Sunsets
Authors: Goodman Sam
Published: September 2022

The conclusion draws together the overarching themes of the book as a whole, summarising and recapping their major points in relation to the overall thesis and focus on the legacies of Empire. It also considers how the COVID 19 pandemic has refocused many of the currents of national identity and the political currency of medical metaphor in the contemporary present, as well as intensified the debates over the history and legacy of Empire within the public sphere.
Race and Religion in Gobineau’s Persia
Authors: Nash Geoffrey
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the influential role of Frenchman Arthur Gobineau in introducing a narrative of Ali Muhammad, the Bab, to Europe in the mid-nineteenth century. The Bab’s claim to be the Imam-Mahdi promised in Shi’ism is shown to have been obfuscated by Gobineau whose account Christianised him and valorised Iran as an Aryan country detached from Islam. The Christianising motif was further deployed by Shoghi Effendi in his canonical twentieth-century rewriting of a nineteenth-century narrative on Babism. Two other key orientalists, E.G. Browne and A.L.M Nicolas, were enlisted by Shoghi Effendi for this project even though they were supporters of the Azali opponents of the Baha’is. Finally, Gobineau’s contribution to the myth of Iran’s rebirth as an Aryan nation is located within the impetus western orientalism gave to twentieth-century Iranian nationalist movements.
‘The Woman’s Case put to the Lawyers’: Miscarriage of Justice and the Case of Anne Greene
Authors: Hudson Judith
Published: September 2022

Taking the sensational and much-fictionalised case of Anne Greene (1650) as its central study, Chapter Three considers communal participation in justice and to examine the anxieties associated with the possibility of justice miscarried. Greene was a convicted infanticide who was hanged, but later revived and pardoned, her case was well-documented in official, pamphlet and poetic form. Using popular and literary accounts of the affair, in particular Richard Watkins’ Newes from the Dead, as well as parallel cases of disrupted justice, the chapter examines the possibility that this fantasy of reversal and redemption crystallises a growing public concern about the unstable nature of ‘knowing’ and its implications for the deployment of death as legal process. The Greene case has been discussed as an example of the popular providential narrative at its most vivid; this chapter argues that such cases are notable not merely for their literary qualities, but for the picture they, and their surrounding literature, give us of popular interaction with the workings of the legal system in the period.
The Modern French Prose Poem and Visual Art
Authors: Wagstaff Emma
Published: September 2022

This chapter will examine connections between prose poetry and the visual arts, focusing principally on modern and contemporary French poetry, but including comparisons with other European and North American texts. It will argue, first, that writers of prose poems have frequently also responded to the visual arts, from Baudelaire, Rilke, Reverdy, and Stein, for instance, to Ponge, Ashbery and twenty-first-century writers. Second, it will propose that despite those affinities, responses by the poets to particular artists or works of plastic art often took the form of poetic prose, essays, or verse poetry rather than prose poems. The influence of French writers on the development of the prose poem outside France is well known; the chapter will additionally investigate whether the cross-linguistic influences that operate in more than one direction between French and other poetic traditions are also associated with the writers’ responses to visual arts. Finally, the paper will consider an example of a contemporary multi-lingual artist-poet (Alessandro De Francesco, b. 1981) who is investigating what happens to the poem-art-object in the contemporary digital age.
The Homeless Heart: Abstraction and the Prose Poem
Authors: Deming Richard
Published: September 2022

This essay will trace thought and abstraction and its place in prose poetry. Some practitioners of prose poetry (for example Robert Bly, Robert Hass, and James Tate) tend to think of this particular literary mode as either 1) being short, compressed narratives, often surrealist in nature, with a heavy foregrounding of a central trope around which the sentences form a constellation, or 2) being a lyrical engagement of a single image in the form of a lexical still life (e.g., Francis Ponge). There is of course another line that stretches from contemporary figures such as Lyn Hejinian and Claudia Rankine, to William Carlos Williams, Gertrude Stein, and even Charles Baudelaire, writers whose work is guided by word, phrase, and thought rather than by story or representation. This essay does not intend to offer a definitive representation of all the possibilities for abstraction present in the prose-poetic landscape. Instead it focuses on the prose poetry of John Ashbery, in particular his long work, Three Poems as a case study of abstraction. I will indicate Ashbery’s conscious inheritance of Stein’s “democratic prose” as the necessary condition for his establishing the experience of multifarious thought within the context of the prose poem.
Bishop, Lowell, and the Confessional Prose Poem
Authors: LeRud Lizzy
Published: September 2022

Were mid-century American poets simply uninterested in formal innovations, in pushing against generic norms like their modernists forebearers? Some think so: critics from Stephanie Burt to Bob Perelman argue that the major breakthroughs of mid-century poets were in poetic content, not craft. But if the prose poem does seem to vanish at mid-century, it’s not because these poets weren’t writing them. That these writers did not always use the generic term “prose poem” to describe their projects makes their work all the more significant to the history of the genre. Of course, this is a genre that has long facilitated resistance to conventional notions of genre, so it should come as no surprise that poets responsive to the prose-poetry tradition might navigate around its terminology. Thus, at times these poets gravitated toward other terms of description even as they deployed techniques associated with the prose poem. But, at other times, avoiding the term “prose poem” was strategic, a way around publication norms anchored in fixed genre expectations. Attending to the circumstances that prompt avoidance teaches us about the reception of the prose poem and other hybrid genres at mid-century.
Grzegorz Wróblewski’S kopenhaga and the Process of Inscription
Authors: Gwiazda Piotr
Published: September 2022

This essay discusses several issues that arose in translating Grzegorz Wróblewski’s book of prose poems Kopenhaga from Polish into English. It is hoped that these reflections will offer new insights on the prose poem genre, especially its movement across national and linguistic borders. My essay also places the genre in relation to the concept of world literature, defined for my purposes as “a mode of circulation and of reading” (Damrosch). This chapter views translation as a practice that requires a great deal of craft and expertise, but also some deliberation and strategizing. As much as it entails a pursuit of formal and semantic correspondence, translation calls for a reflection on what it means to introduce a foreign text into a new cultural context–what Lawrence Venuti calls the “process of inscription”.
The Chinese Prose Poem: Generic Metaphor and the Multiple Origins of Chinese sanwenshi
Authors: Admussen Nick
Published: September 2022

This essay intends to demonstrate the mutability of prose poetry as an appellation and a genre in China as a way to argue that what coheres around genres is not an ideology, a lineage of influence, or even a set of formal restrictions but a web of hermeneutic methods, a habit of grouping similar works that allows readers to understand the texts they read. Chinese prose poetry, or sanwenshi (散文诗‎) has, from this reader’s perspective, two major origins, each arising from separate groups of people reacting to drastically different historical and literary contexts. These contexts train communities to read and group texts, and it is these shifts in hermeneutic practice that give the genre its layered, diverse quality.
The sanbunshi (Prose Poem) in Japan
Authors: Mehl Scott
Published: September 2022

Among scholars of Japanese poetry there is disagreement as to who the historically important Japanese prose poets are, as well as disagreement over whether prose poetry in Japan is an exclusively modern phenomenon or is one that can be traced back very nearly to the beginnings of Japanese literature. On encountering the above statement, some readers will react dismissively#x2014;dissensus is an inevitable feature of academic discourse, such readers might say. But this chapter is going to claim that there are reasons for the dispute over Japanese prose poetry: the history of the concept of prose poetry in Japanese has made competing theories inevitable—or, if that is too strong a claim, then at least it made dissensus highly likely. An examination of the disparate paths followed by Japanese critical discourse about prose poetry, on the one hand, and the composition of prose poems in Japanese, on the other hand, will go far toward explaining why there have been sharply divergent views on fundamentals at virtually every turn.
Conclusion – Feminist Film Culture(s): Collectivities, Archives and Futures
Authors: Missero Dalila
Published: September 2022

Drawing from Iris Marion Young notion of “pragmatic theorising”, this conclusion addresses issues of archival accessibility and historiography, from the point of view of women’s fragmented sources. It argues that a materialist and sensory approach to the archive leads to a notion of collective subjectivity, which goes beyond the ideas of “absence” and invisibility that inform most of the historiography about women in the cinema.
John Bull and Brother Jonathan: A Transatlantic Affair
Authors: Schäfer Stefanie
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores US literary history through the transatlantic kinship narrative that links the American Brother Jonathan to his English father figure John Bull. It shows how the Yankee Brother Jonathan develops from allegory into a theatrical character and dubious national saint in political writings, such as James Kirke Paulding’s. The Great Exhibition (1851) or the Centennial Exhibition (1876) inspired political tribulations and imperial ambitions that were channelled by the Yankee figure. The chapter traces this development of the transatlantic kinship narrative across a wide range of materials that includes travel writing, mock epics and verse satires, magazines, and cartoons, such as Thomas Nast’s iconic Uncle Sam drawings.
Performing Dylan: The Many Lives of Bob Dylan In I’m Not There
Authors: Fürnkranz Magdalena
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, Magdalena Fürnkranz looks closely at Todd Haynes’s film I’m Not There and discusses how this “rockudrama” creates different identity representations, and how sexual identities are performed in popular culture.
“Everything Was Stories”: The Aesthetic Imaginaries of Searching for the Wrong-Eyed Jesus
Authors: Grønstad Asbjørn , Vågnes Øyvind
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, Asbjørn Grønstad and Øyvind Vågnes invoke Greil Marcus’s aesthetic imaginary of “the old weird America” and the literary trope “the Southern Gothic” in order to explore the elusive identity of Southern music and culture, and the multiple ways the performative rockumentary engages with the South.
Live from the Multiplex: The Concert Film as Event Cinema since the 2000s
Authors: Robinson Ian
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, Ian Robinson discusses the phenomenon of event cinema and intermediality. Tracing the development of event cinema as “alternative content”, the author situates live shows streamed to cinemas as a participatory and performative event.
Introduction: The Birth of Positive Atheism
Authors: Devellennes Charles
Published: September 2022

This chapter situates modern atheism within its wider context, and shows the importance of reading atheism with a positive lens in the context of the existing literature on modern atheism in the French Enlightenment. It introduces the concept of atheology, which guides the rest of the monograph, as a three-fold classification of atheistic thought. Negative atheism, it argues, is the first movement, reactive and destructive in its outlook, but supplemented by positive atheism, the attempt to create a positive philosophy without God. Metatheism, the third phase of the movement, is described further in the conclusion. The chapter situates the argument in relation to other Enlightenment studies, notably Jonathan Israel’s Radical Enlightenment and discusses the radicality of the authors discussed. It provides a structure for the rest of the monograph.
Meslier the First Atheist
Authors: Devellennes Charles
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the thought of Jean Meslier, a Catholic priest in the Champagne region who wrote the first apology of atheism by an atheist. After introducing the reader to his biography, the chapter details his critique of religion, but also his attempt to build an ethical theory and just world. By situating his religious thought in the early eighteenth-century, it argues that Meslier is the radical par excellence, much more vocal than Voltaire and others. It shows that Meslier’s context is one of Cartesianism (rather than Spinozism) and situates his religious thought within this tradition. Finally, it shows that his political thought, interpreted in France as a form of communism, should be read as a radical Republican tract.
5 The State of Atheism in France, 1789
Authors: Devellennes Charles
Published: September 2022

With the death of d’Holbach in January 1789, the philosophical questions raised in this monograph end and the political struggle begins. With the notion of positive atheism firmly established by then, having been tried and tested for a century since Bayle, the chapter proposes to summarise the state atheism was in on the eve of the French revolution. It shows the radicalism of the four authors’ ideas – however diverse – helped shape a world where the old régime was no longer acceptable. It is notably through their defence of toleration, and their defence of republicanism that the four authors draw links between atheism and political thought. All four thinkers also contributed to the early notion of utility – though they are rarely credited for it. Finally, the chapter shows that atheism can overcome itself, that there is a movement past atheism that is present already in the eighteenth century. Diderot is the most important figure here, as a thinker for whom atheism was both a given and insufficient to describe his world view. Bataille’s atheology, Nietzsche’s death of God are later formulations of the same movement, which is described as metatheism.
Introduction: Autumnal Altman—Rethinking his Last Quarter Century
Authors: Dombrowski Lisa , Wyatt Justin
Published: September 2022

This introduction reviews and challenges the dominant narrative regarding the periodization of Robert Altman’s film career, makes a case for focusing on the last quarter century of his work, and highlights the three primary themes that emerge from the anthology’s scholarly essays and collaborator interviews. The chapter counters critic Robin Wood’s claim that Altman’s authorship remains static, as the contributions in the anthology highlight dynamism. The narrative and stylistic experimentation that mark Altman’s canonical early 1970s films have been justly celebrated, yet his legacy is even more rich and robust. The shift in Altman’s career from studio to independent filmmaking following Popeye (1980) initiated a distinctly new period that prompted change and growth, sparking new forms of experimentation in the projects he made as well as in how he made them. Some films contain elements that clearly point back to his canonical works; others form clean breaks. Yet Altman’s development during this period as a collaborator, businessperson, and artist is undeniable. By exploring Altman’s creative process, industrial framework, and key films during his last quarter century, a more complete picture emerges of the significance of his legacy as one of American cinema’s most distinguished innovators.
Home-makers: Examining the Altmans’ Place-based Production Practices in Cookie’s Fortune
Authors: Koob Nathan
Published: September 2022

As an auteur, Robert Altman’s name functions as a label that stands in for his distinctive directorial style and gives a sense of artistic authorship over his oeuvre. However, this auteur label does not on its own reveal the more intricate, unique, and impactful contributions of notable workers whose own personal styles and actions aid the formation of a recognizable “Robert Altman” film. This chapter focuses on the creative role of Kathryn Reed Altman in her husband’s productions and advocates for a consideration of the filmmaker’s spouse as a unique form of production worker. Reed Altman’s work during productions often appeared as a form of homemaking—planning parties, social events, and managing personalities—but in reality comprised the construction of a social environment integral to Altman’s filmmaking. Through visits to production sites, archival materials, and personal interviews with cast, crew, and local figures involved in the Altmans’ production process, a case study of Cookie’s Fortune (1999) reveals that to better understand the intricacies behind Altman’s auteurism we must first examine how it is framed by Reed Altman’s creation of a specific, constructed social atmosphere.
Unmade Altman: What the Archive Tells Us
Authors: Hallman Philip
Published: September 2022

This chapter utilizes archival material from the Robert Altman Papers housed at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Michigan Library, to argue that unproduced projects—a frequently unrecognized tier in a filmmaker’s career—add to our understanding of their authorship and production practices. The chapter examines three of the projects Altman considered making during the last phase of his career, a period when he had an overabundance of choices: Mata Hari (1990–1995, 2000–2004); Paint (aka Ultraviolet, 1998–2004); and Hands on a Hard Body (2004–2006). In the Mata Hari files, a series of letters reveals how Altman developed a unique approach to the historical source material. Research memos in the Paint files highlight the work done by Altman’s collaborators to ensure authenticity and provide space for improvisation. A daily planner and a Post-it note suggest the strategies adopted during the development of Hands on a Hard Body to ensure that Altman could complete the shoot despite his ill health. Exploring these unmade films draws attention to Altman’s process of filmmaking and provides a more nuanced sense of the collaborative and contingent nature of film development.
Fantasies and Fangirls: Gender and Sexuality in Robert Altman’s Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean
Authors: Sinwell Sarah E. S.
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores representations of fandom, gender, and sexuality in Robert Altman's Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (1982), an adaptation of Ed Graczyk’s play about an all-female James Dean fan club that reunites in McCarthy, Texas in 1975. As a means of contextualizing the film within Altman’s larger oeuvre, the chapter considers production contexts, concentrating on Altman’s adaptation of the 1976 Broadway play and the film’s release in art house cinemas across the United States. With a particular focus on female fandom, the stereotype of female fans as passive consumers is addressed and reimagined. Finally, the chapter analyzes how the film represents gender and sexuality, as well as how the film was received, as a means of further exploring the film’s construction of fantasies, fangirls, and fandom. This chapter draws attention to how female and gay male fans gain access to James Dean as a fantasy and as a star text. Altman’s use of physical and metaphorical windows and mirrors into the past to portray the characters’ personal histories and memories enables a visual reimagining of cinematic time as well as a reconstruction of the characters and their genders.
Countering Robert Altman’s Sexual Outlaws: Visibility, Representation, and Questionable Social Progress
Authors: Wyatt Justin
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers how Altman’s presentation of the “gay condition,” to use his term, presents uneven social progress at best. The path of Altman’s sexual outlaws travels from staying in the margins and on the periphery in the 1970s films (California Split, 1974; A Wedding, 1978; A Perfect Couple, 1979) to receiving harsh payback for sexual expression in the 1980s theatrical adaptations (Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, 1982; Streamers, 1983; Beyond Therapy, 1987) and the open admission that sexuality is tough to portray onscreen while flirting with the screen version of Tony Kushner’s play Angels in America. At best, one could characterize Altman’s attitude toward LGBTQ+ sexuality on film as conservative. This assessment, though, does not account for the more prurient, judgmental, and even juvenile representations in many of these films. Looked at across the body of Altman’s work, sexuality, instead of being a positive force for social change, is often seen as a means to humiliate, ridicule, and marginalize. While a pioneer and innovator in sound, storytelling, and performance, Altman’s stance on alternative sexualities was rooted in the past, with little room for growth—a missed opportunity for a director so often associated with social critique.
Spectres of Mexico’s ‘Dirty Wars’: Gendered Haunting and the Legacy of Women’s Armed Resistance in Mexican Documentary Film
Authors: MacManus Viviana
Published: September 2022

In the past few years, Mexican documentary film has focused on the historical memory of women’s participation in various armed insurgencies of the 1970s. Centring on Luisa Riley’s Flor en Otomí (2012) and Colectivo Patitos’s Mujer Guerrilla (2007), this chapter examines the critical role visual culture plays in representing the Mexican Dirty War’s histories of trauma and state violence and the cultural memory of gendered state repression. This chapter centres on the challenges – and possibilities – of audio-visually representing the marginalized histories of women guerrillas and the tensions that emerge when representing the gendered ghosts of Mexico’s Dirty War. While the documentary films bring awareness to the elided histories of women guerrilleras, the films allude to the difficulty of representing violence and trauma, and the gendered haunting that is created when ghosts are denied, as Jacques Derrida has claimed, ‘a hospitable memory’. This chapter explores how the history of state violence and gender trauma represented in documentary film continues to haunt contemporary neoliberal Mexico, and furthermore, reveals how the spectres of the armed insurgencies hold Mexico accountable for its violent past.
Introduction: Popular Culture and a Shared National Perspective
Authors: White John
Published: September 2022

According to Patricia Hill Collins and Sirma Bilge, major axes of social division in a given society at a given time operate not ‘as discrete and mutually exclusive entities, but build on each other and work together’ (2016, p. 4). This book will in effect set out these major axes of social division within the UK and consider the various ways in which these defining aspects of society receive cultural and ideological expression in a range of contemporary films. Attention will be given to economic divisions of wealth and poverty, differential access to culture and education, and issues relating to gender, sexuality, ethnicity, race, and religion, as well as national (and regional) identity. Beyond these elements, any political alignment – whether expressed by fictional characters within the films, or pronounced by the filmmakers – will also be considered.
Educated Elites and Plebeians: The Sense of an Ending (Ritesh Batra, 2017) and Daphne (Peter Mackie Burns, 2017)
Authors: White John
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers arthouse cinema, cultural capital, and an educated, middle-class elite defined by its self-absorption. Both the films and the culture underpinning them might be defined as comfortable, North London leftfield, ‘feel-good’/angst-riddled. Culturally these are undeniably extremely rich texts, containing a range of approaches aimed at provoking thought and engagement. In both, there is a restless search for something to give meaning to existence; but, in the final analysis, each film leaves us with the cosy embrace of elite liberal discussion. Again, at the heart of the discussion there are questions relating to inequality, privilege the differential access offered to education/culture in the UK, and how any of this may relate to the rise of the Right and nationalism.
Bitcoin, Blockchains and the Bard
Authors: Sawyer Robert
Published: September 2022

This essay considers the relationship between Shakespeare’s cultural capital and the crypto-currency called Bitcoin, whose monetary ‘value’ fluctuates wildly (stylistically the name of the currency is capitalized, while the individual units are not). Each bitcoin is developed through ‘mining,’ the term for someone solving an algorithmic puzzle sent out to a network of users. This fairly new form of purchasing power could only exist through the development of blockchains, which are the record of transactions entered into a type of ledger, expanding with each new transaction. After tracing the origins of digital currency first, this essay turns its attention to blockchains to consider the value of each one for today’s investor, miner, and user of Shakespeare.. The third section of the essay connects Shakespeare’s dispossessed agency with this new form of monetary exchange, by focusing on the decentralization of Bitcoin, Blockchains, and the Bard. This essay also shows how the value of all three is determined by context, location, and use so that value is in the eye of the beholder; whether a Shakespeare scholar or a Bitcoin miner or a block chain itself, these variable objects remain “unsettled and unfettered, ever-moving in and out of human control.”
Drone Warriors, Revealed Humanity and a Feminist Ethics of Care
Authors: Clark Lindsay C. , Enemark Christian
Published: September 2022

Drawing upon feminist theory, this chapter explain the relevance and applicability of an ‘ethics of care’ to the life-and-death decisions made by drone operators. Although some scholars have applied care ethics to a range of peacetime contexts, this mode of morality has been largely absent from thinking about contemporary warfare. The chapter is premised on an expanded notion of what constitutes ‘just’ drone warfare, and the rationale for such expansion is that it promises to illuminate potential injustices which might otherwise go unnoticed. The chapter argues that, in order for the operators of armed drones to care (ethically) for potential victims of drone strikes, two things must be recognised and respected. First, that in the exercise of wartime violence the potential unjust effects upon innocent bystanders are not limited to immediate physical injury and death. And second, that an armed drone equipped with a powerful video-camera has the capacity to reveal to its operator the intimate features of a targeted individual’s ordinary life. In combination, these factors generate an ethical challenge for conscientious drone operators: to avoid killing an individual in circumstances where this would clearly deprive that individual’s civilian dependents of a critical source of care.
Borderland Conflicts, Cosmological Complaints
Authors: Gould Rebecca Ruth
Published: September 2022

Persian poets competed with each other through their literary output as they vied for patronage when the prison poem came into fashion in Shirvan in the northeastern Caucasus, under the aegis of the Shirvanshah dynasty. Khaqani Shirvani was at the centre of the Caucasus’ borderland literary culture, but he was far from the only prison poet in his milieu. Others included Mujir al-Din Baylaqani Falaki Shirvani, and Abu’l ʿAla Ganjevi. The tensions that circulated around him, and related signs of animosity among poets that affected the intellectual atmosphere of literary Shirvan, were rooted in a range of factors: competition for resources and patronage from the Shirvanshahs; multi-confessional tensions among Muslims, Christians and Zoroastrians; transformations in the locus and meaning of sovereignty as an older concept of a sacred caliphate ceded ground to a secular concept of the sultanate; and the increasing authority of the poet that followed from these transformations.
The Other That Accompanies Me
Authors: Anderson Nicole
Published: September 2022

One of Derrida’s deconstructive moves is to expose the contingency and contextuality of the structural, and hence political, relations between concepts. He particularly brings together what seems to be unrelated concepts (animals, death, sovereignty, language, and so on), to reveal how, throughout the history of philosophy, conceptual structures shape and constitute the human subject as ipseity. One such concept is friendship. This chapter argues that for Derrida the philosophical-historical concept of friendship serves to preserve and protect what is considered, since Aristotle, to be proper to “man”, in opposition to what is not proper to “man”, for example, the animal. Developing the play of symmetry and dissymmetry as they structure relations of friendship between humans but also between humans and nonhumans, the chapter uses the latter to explore our absolute responsibility for the other and subsequently reflects on the place of the animal in “democracy to come”. How might the inclusion of the animal other as friend “break all ipseity apart in advance”.
Landed Responses to Land Reform in Scotland and Ireland, c. 1860–1903
Authors: Tindley Annie
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers transnationally how the landed and aristocratic classes responded to the challenge of legislative land reform in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. As a social group, they were broadly coherent, linked by blood, marriage and interests. Many landed families owned land across national boundaries or were related to those who did. They congregated politically at Westminster and socially in London’s clubland and their country estates. As such, the ways in which they framed land issues and reform were shared, whether in England, Scotland, Wales or Ireland, despite the legislative differences in land reform.
The chapter examines their conceptions of land and property, their responses to the legislative challenges made to those assumptions and how (and if) they organised themselves as a body in an attempt to neutralise or slow down the pace of reform. This analysis is set against the wider context of political, social, economic and territorial changes faced by the landed classes in this period, commonly identified as one of decline, if not outright fall. Lastly, the chapter discusses the role played by the British Empire in landed responses to land issues.
The Significance of Ritual: Liturgical Turkification Contested
Authors: Özdalga Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

In addition to their zeal to modernise society and unite the nation, the Turkish leaders of the mid-war period also wanted to reform the forms of religious worship. Instead of using Arabic, a foreign language, they aimed at using the Turkish vernacular as much as possible. Concerning the homiletical part of the Friday sermon there was no problem, but concerning Koranic recitations there was a strong resistance from learned ulema as well as the common people. Things came to a head in relation to the prohibition against using Arabic in the call to prayer. Instead a ‘Turkish ezan’ was introduced. Based on an analysis of the various turnabouts on these reform efforts the chapter argues that the liturgical rituals were more significant in creating a sense of congregational – and national – unity than the exhortations spent in favour of unity and togetherness during the discoursing part of the sermon.
Dᵢyanet in Search of Autonomy 1
Authors: Özdalga Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on Diyanet and efforts carried out during the 1970s and 1980s towards rendering this official, religious organization some institutional autonomy vis-à-vis other and stronger parts of the state (especially the military) and the government. The chapter owes a lot to the autobiography of a former director of Diyanet, Tayyar Altıkulaç, who has contributed valuable insights into the inner functioning of the institution itself during this period and, more generally, the relationship between state and religion in a secular order like modern Turkey. During this period certain strict regulations were also enacted related to the Friday sermon in the direction of steamlining preaching practices. Neither fully trusting the level of knowledge, nor the judgement of the preachers Diyanet eventually tightened its control over the Friday sermon (hutbe).
Epilogue: The Professoriate as Vocation
Authors: Johnson Stephanie L. , VanLaningham Erin
Published: September 2022

As we cultivate vocation in undergraduates, our own reflection upon academic roles provides new insight concerning the vocation of the professoriate. What does it mean to be a mentor, teacher, colleague, and scholar in the current landscape of higher education and in this cultural climate? How does our training in genre, language, critical analysis, interpretation, and theory assist our understanding of the professoriate as vocation?  As teachers and scholars, our commitments to all aspects of the discipline, including its forms, theories and practices, means that we must also regularly examine our own commitments to the profession. In engaging with texts in the classroom as well as in the practice of the public humanities, we cultivate our own possibilities and test what we hear as our vocational calling. This concluding chapter examines how the academic study of literature is a means to renew and inspire the work we do individually and collectively with students, institutions, and communities for the public good.
Industrial Crafts: Glasgow and Beyond
Authors: Nenadic Stana
Published: September 2022

The link between craftworkers and the industrial economy is examined with a focus on Glasgow. Glasgow’s craft sectors are compared with those of Edinburgh, showing differences in changing workshop size, but also many parallels in sectors like jewellery or furniture making. Handloom weavers, an artisan elite whose demise has long acted as metaphor for deskilling and industrial distress are examined before the chapter turns to a series of craft skills that thrived alongside industrial production, such as fine pottery, glass wares or metals. Craft education is explored through the Glasgow School of Design, which had a student body largely comprising craftworkers. The chapter ends with a case study of decorative glass staining, a thriving craft of the later century.
Country-house Building and Furnishing
Authors: Nenadic Stana
Published: September 2022

The discussion is focussed on the building or remodelling of large country houses, which were complex prestige projects that brought together a range of craftsmen working as a team on construction and internal fitting or decoration under the direction of an architect and clerk-of-works. Many fine fittings, such as carved fireplaces or wood panelling, were purchased from Edinburgh or London workshops. Following a survey of trends in country house building, a case illustration approach is followed starting with Walter Scott’s Abbotsford and Harmony House in Melrose, the latter built for a retired West Indies slave plantation owner. Falkland House in Fife built mid-century for an heiress with India wealth is next considered. Finally, there is Hill House and Kinloch Castle, both commissioned by businessmen and royal-owned Mar Lodge.
Death to Disposal: Echoes of American Psycho in “The Rainbow of Her Reasons” ( Six Feet Under )
Authors: Schott Gareth
Published: September 2022

Gareth Schott’s Chapter Seven draws attention to the thematic associations between Harron’s Six Feet Under episode “The Rainbow of Her Reasons” to American Psycho. Schott gives detailed analysis of the funeral cosmetics industry and its parallels to the lifestyle of Patrick Bateman, arguing that Harron’s recurring thematic obsessions and visual style made her one of the strongest directors employed during the series’ run.
Sartorial Interventions: When Fashion and Film Collide
Authors: Caoduro Elena
Published: September 2022

In Chapter Eight, Elena Caoduro’s reflects upon Harron’s use of costume design in American Psycho, Alias Grace, and the short film Armani, a promotional work for the fashion designer Giorgio Armani. Caoduro argues fashion has been integral to Harron’s work, detailing the significance of costume design with regard to the actor’s body, character, and facilitating the development of the story. Caoduro ultimately problematizes the notion of “authored fashion film”, arguing that Harron’s collaboration with the designer challenges sole-authorship within filmmaking.
Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Job Competition: Non-Russian Collective Action in the Ussr Under Perestroika
Authors: Kolstø Pål
Published: September 2022

Chapter 3 follows up the effect of job competition on ethnic relations but examining the situation of the multinational Soviet state during perestroika. Demographic increase leads to competition for blue-collar jobs, whereas an increase in the number of graduates from higher education leads to competition over elite jobs. In the first case, people risk unemployment; in the second, blocked career opportunities. Mass-level unemployment may lead to anger-driven mass riots, while a nationally conscious intelligentsia in a multi-ethnic environment may formulate more rational strategies to eliminate threatening competitors from the labour market. One such strategy is to insist that the state should be a national state with the indigenous national elites in control. Whereas questions of identity have enormous mobilising power in times of national resurgence, identity issues are normally intermeshed with interest politics. I trace these mechanisms through the history of ethnic mobilisation and nationalism in the late Soviet Union and the immediate aftermath of its collapse, drawing on, inter alia, Susan Olzak’s theory of ethnic competition on the labour market and Ernest Geller’s theory of ethnic elite mobilization.
Introduction
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: September 2022

The introduction will make the case for McCarthy’s place in the canon of the great philosophical novelists. As well, the introduction informs the reader of the aims, argument, content, and significance of the book. It includes a literary review situating the book in the context of the most significant Cormackian scholarship such as Vereen Bell, Dianne Enns, Richard Wallach, Lydia Cooper, and David Holloway. Furthermore, the introduction will contain a review of the literature examining McCarthy’s philosophical themes.
Saving Sheriff Bell: Derrida, McCarthy and the Opening of Mercantile Ethics in No Country for Old Men
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides a summative account of themes developed throughout the book. Concentrating on political philosophy, I argue that the best way to understand the political implications of McCarthy’s literature is by situating his work as a response to Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, a response which argues for the anarchistic dimension of McCarthy’s political imaginary. If McCarthy is one of literature’s ‘great unifiers,’ uniting science and spiritualism, matter and spirit, nature and culture, then I argue that this tendency is replicated in the political sphere. The political dimension of McCarthy’s work can be understood as an effort to unite order and chaos, civility and anarchy, character and fate, and ruler and ruled.
Conclusion
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: September 2022

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Antonio Gramsci, Settler-Colonialism and Palestine
Authors: Mayo Peter
Published: September 2022

This article explores Gramsci’s relevance to colonialism with particular reference to the situation in Palestine and the Palestinians. It historically oscillates between the Italy and larger world contexts of Gramsci's time and the Palestinian and larger Arab contexts in more recent times, especially, in the latter case, from the onset of settler colonialism in the Middle East. While it covers a broad range of writings by Gramsci, notably the notes contained in the Prison Notebooks, it provides special attention to his discussion on the Southern Question. It tackles recurring themes in colonial discourse such as those of ‘divide and rule’ and ideology residing in language besides the ever so pertinent theme of Hegemony. It posits the resonance of appropriated or reclaimed knowledge with a different ‘whole way of life’ (Raymond Williams). Palestinian society is represented warts and all, with specific strengths and differences highlighted, especially that of country and the city.
UNDERSTANDING THE PHENOMENON OF RELIGION IN A CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT: FROM CICERO TO MODERN YOUTH
Authors: ARININ EVGENY , PETROSYAN DMITRY , TSYGANOV ROMAN
Published: September 2022

The article describes some aspects of the attitude of modern student youth of two Russian regions to the concepts behind the word “religio” (religion). The latter is understood in connotation with three normative forms for the history of the Russian community: 1) as a basic spiritual and moral concept that underlies the life of every individual, the state and the entire human community as a whole (Cicero’s «religio» paradigm); 2) philosophical and confessional legal norms of the 1000-year history of Christianity in Russia; 3) the phenomenology of humanism and religious tolerance in relation to the anthropological foundations of the individual and collective life of each member of the global community. The results of a survey of 235 students from Arkhangelsk and Vladimir on issues related to the modern attitude of young people to understanding the concept of religion are also reflected.
Electrophysiological, biomechanical, and finite element analysis study of sacral nerve injury caused by sacral fracture
Authors: Xu Zisheng , Jiang Yifei , Mu Weidong , Li Wenlong , Zhang Guanjun , Jiang Shichao , Xu Peng
Published: September 2022

Background: We aimed to study the mechanism of sacral nerve injury caused by sacral fractures and the relationship between nerve decompression and nerve function.

Methods: First, we observed the anatomical features of lumbosacral nerve root region in Sprague-Dawley rats. Next, the rats were divided into the sham, 10 g, 30 g, and 60 g groups for electrophysiological studies on nerve root constriction injury. Then we studied the biomechanical properties of rat nerve roots, lumbosacral trunk, and sacrum. Finally, we established a finite element analysis model of sacral nerve roots injury in rats and determined the correlation between sacral deformation and the degree of sacral nerve roots injury.

Result: Anatomical study showed L5 constitutes sciatic nerve, the length of the L5 nerve root is 3.67 ± 0.15 mm, which is suitable for electrophysiological research on nerve root compression injury. After a series of electrophysiological study of L5 nerve roots, our results showed that nerve root function was almost unaffected at a low degree of compression (10 g). Nerve root function loss began at 30 g compression, and was severe at 60 g compression. The degree of neurological loss was therefore positively correlated with the degree of compression. Combining biomechanical testing of the lumbosacral nerve roots, finite element analysis and neuroelectrophysiological research, we concluded when the sacral foramina deformation is >22.94%, the sacral nerves lose function. When the compression exceeds 33.16%, early recovery of nerve function is difficult even after decompression.

Conclusion: In this study, we found that the neurological loss was positively correlated with the degree of compression. After early decompression, nerve root function recovery is possible after moderate compression; however, in severe compression group, the nerve function would not recover. Furthermore, FEA was used to simulate nerve compression during sacral fracture, as well as calculate force loading on nerve with different deformation rates. The relationship between sacral fractures and neurological loss can be analyzed in combination with neurophysiological test results.
Simulation study of inverse diffusion counterbalance method for super-resolution ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Guo Kaitai , Zheng Yang , Hu Haihong , Liang Jimin
Published: September 2022

Ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is a powerful chemical composition analysis tool working at atmospheric pressure that can be used to separate complex samples and study molecular structures. Resolution is a key parameter for evaluating the performance of IMS. However, for the pulsed sampling technique used by drift tube IMS, there is an upper limit to the resolution due to the diffusion between ions and the drift gas. In this work, an inverse diffusion counterbalance method is proposed to break the resolution limit. The method is inspired by the stimulated emission depletion (STED). In optical microscopy systems, STED is used to break the optical diffraction limit by a ring of depleted light to counteract diffraction effects of the excited light. We modified this strategy and applied it to an IMS system for counteracting the diffusion effect of the pulsed ion packet. The method can increase the resolution up to 1.55 times through theoretical analysis, and the improvement is verified by simulations. The simulation results find that the initial width of the ion packet has an influence on the effectiveness of the method, and the narrower the initial width, the better the effect. The proposed inverse counterbalance strategy may also be applied to other spectral analysis instruments to break the resolution limit.