bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Exposure to Metals Is Associated with Placental Decelerated Epigenetic Gestational Age in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Infants Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Huff Katelyn K. , Roell Kyle R. , Eaves Lauren A. , O’Shea Thomas Michael , Fry Rebecca C.
Published: February 2025

Prenatal exposure to metals can influence fetal programming via DNA methylation and has been linked to adverse birth outcomes and long-term consequences. Epigenetic clocks estimate the biological age of a given tissue based on DNA methylation and are potential health biomarkers. This study leveraged the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) study (n = 265) to evaluate associations between umbilical cord tissue concentrations of 11 metals as single exposures as well as mixtures in relation to (1) placental epigenetic gestational age acceleration (eGAA) and the (2) methylation status of the Robust Placental Clock (RPC) CpGs. Linear mixed effect regression models were stratified by infant sex. Both copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were significantly associated with a decelerated placental eGA of −0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.89, −0.07) and −0.90 weeks (95% CI: −1.78, −0.01), respectively, in male infants. Cu and Mn levels were also associated with methylation at RPC CpGs within genes related to processes including energy homeostasis and inflammatory response in placenta. Overall, these findings suggest that prenatal exposures to Cu and Mn impact placental eGAA in a sex-dependent manner in ELGANs, and future work could examine eGAA as a potential mechanism mediating in utero metal exposures and later life consequences.
Bioactive and Protective Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Deposits on Magnesium and Its Alloys
Authors: Dorozhkin Sergey V.
Published: February 2025

Research on bone regeneration has always been an intense and challenging field of tissue engineering. Biodegradable metals represent a novel class of biomaterials combining superior mechanical qualities with a capacity to promote bone growth. Among them, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been proposed as innovative biomaterials for bone grafting therapy due to their non-toxic nature and comparable mechanical properties to bones. In addition, they are lightweight, biocompatible and biodegradable. They offer several advantages over other implant metals, including reduced stress-shielding effects and unnecessity for a second surgery to remove them. Unfortunately, their clinical application is limited due to the rapid degradation rates in rather aggressive physiological conditions. Therefore, the development of Mg-based implants possessing a controlled degradation in accordance with the kinetics of bone healing is necessary. On the other hand, protective yet biocompatible and biodegradable surface coatings have emerged as a useful strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, including effective corrosion resistance. Calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) are excellent candidates for producing such coatings as they are well tolerated by living organisms. However, due to its high chemical reactivity and a low melting point, Mg-based grafts require specific parameters for successful CaPO4 deposition. This paper reviews currently available preparation methods of CaPO4 deposits on Mg and its alloys, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of deposition techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength and biocompatibility. The literature analysis shows that CaPO4 protective coatings increase the ability of magnesium-based metallic biomaterials to withstand corrosion and improve the biocompatibility of their surfaces in all cases.
Thick Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Films Deposited by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc
Authors: Hou Qingyan , Pang Pan , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Xu , Liao Bin , Chen Lin , Jin Xiaoyue
Published: February 2025

High-quality diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are renowned for their exceptional hardness, low friction coefficient, and superior chemical stability. These properties make DLC films exceptionally suitable for protective coatings in optical, mechanical, aerospace, and military applications. Thick DLC films with outstanding mechanical properties were deposited on DC53 die steel using a mixed energy carbon plasma generated by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) device. The structural, mechanical, tribological, and optical properties of the films were tested by Raman, surface morphology instrument, Vickers Indenter, tribometer, and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results indicated that 14 µm tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films with a good combination with DC53 die steel substrate were obtained. The hardness was 9415 HV, which is close to that of diamond films. The fracture toughness was 4 MPa·m1/2. The friction coefficient was 0.0898, and the optical band gap was 3.12 eV.
Plant-Mediated Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles for Textile Dye Degradation in Water: A Review
Authors: Seete Itumeleng , Bopape Dineo A. , Mahlaule-Glory Louisah M. , Tetana Zikhona , Hintsho-Mbita Nomso C.
Published: February 2025

Water contamination caused by dyes from increased human activities, in particular usage in the textile sector, has led to high rates of disposal of both natural and synthetic dyes in the water stream, affecting the color and the ability of the light to penetrate through the water system. Several methods have been used for the removal of these organic pollutants. However, due to the complex nature of these dyes, researchers have geared toward advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This method allows for the degradation of these pollutants into more environmentally friendly pollutants. Green synthesis of known catalysts has been on the rise, in particular nickel oxide (NiO) NPs. This material has been shown to have the ability to degrade several pollutants. However, due to the high recombination rate and large bandgap, their limitation has also been highlighted along with the importance of modification. Thus, it is important to understand the work and progress made on green NiO as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes and the latest advancements in the field.
Agile Gamification Risk Management Process: A Comprehensive Process for Identifying and Assessing Gamification Risks
Authors: Elsalmy Fayrouz M. , Sherief Nada H. , Abdel Moez Walid M. , Ammar Hany H.
Published: February 2025

Gamification has become a motivational technique for enhancing engagement and productivity, extending into agile software development. However, integrating gamification into agile frameworks such as the Scrum framework has led to the emergence of gamification risks, which may have adverse impacts on agile roles and tasks. These risks include an increase in the number of unassigned tasks affecting sprint velocity, novelty-seeking and quick boredom, clustering group, and intimidation, thus showing the need for a structured approach toward their management, their impacts on team dynamics and project outcomes. This study proposes the Agile Gamification Risk Management (AGRM) process, focused on identifying, assessing, and mitigating gamification risks in agile software enterprises. AGRM introduces artifacts such as the Gamification Risk Reporting Form, Personalized Risk Profiles, Task Impact Matrix, and Gamification Risk Register, enabling real-time proactive risk management. By leveraging a gamification risk taxonomy, AGRM categorizes and prioritizes risks, aligning mitigation efforts effectively. This paper details a two-phased empirical study to evaluate our proposed AGRM process. The proposed process identified 17 and mitigated 9 gamification risks for two agile teams in two software development enterprises. Unlike ad hoc practices, AGRM provides a structured approach, empowering teams to manage risks during sprint events. By incorporating artifacts like the Gamification Risk Register (GRR) and Personalized Risk Profiles (PRPs), teams can assess risks in context, enhancing productivity, collaboration, and project outcomes. The results demonstrate AGRM’s ability to boost team morale and confidence in addressing gamification risks effectively.
Forecasting COVID-19 Cases, Hospital Admissions, and Deaths Based on Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Using Gaussian Copula Time Series Marginal Regression Model
Authors: Jeng Hueiwang Anna , Diawara Norou , Welch Nancy , Jackson Cynthia , Singh Rekha , Curtis Kyle , Gonzalez Raul , Jurgens David , Adikari Sasanka
Published: February 2025

Modeling efforts are needed to predict trends in COVID-19 cases and related health outcomes, aiding in the development of management strategies and adaptation measures. This study was conducted to assess whether the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater could serve as a predictor for forecasting COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths using copula-based time series modeling. SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in wastewater in Chesapeake, VA, was measured using the RT-qPCR method. A Gaussian copula time series (CTS) marginal regression model, incorporating an autoregressive moving average model and Gaussian copula function, was used as a forecasting model. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were correlated with COVID-19 cases. The forecasted model with both Poisson and negative binomial marginal distributions yielded trends in COVID-19 cases that closely paralleled the reported cases, with 90% of the forecasted COVID-19 cases falling within the 99% confidence interval of the reported data. However, the model did not effectively forecast the trends and the rising cases of hospital admissions and deaths. The forecasting model was validated for predicting clinical cases and trends with a non-normal distribution in a time series manner. Additionally, the model showed potential for using wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load as a predictor for forecasting COVID-19 cases.
Evaluating the Impact of Kefir Consumption on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: González-Rascón Anna , Chávez-Cortéz Elda Georgina , Hurtado-Camarena Angélica , Serafín-Higuera Nicolás , Castillo-Uribe Sandra , Martínez-Aguilar Víctor Manuel , Carrillo-Ávila Bertha Arelly , Pitones-Rubio Viviana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common illnesses in the oral cavity and represent a public health concern globally. In recent decades, diverse studies showed that Kefir, a traditional beverage that can be milk- or water-based, contains a complex microbial community and has health benefits. The goal of this review was to update the current knowledge of kefir consumption and its impact on oral health. Methods: The search of a combination of keywords—kefir; dental caries; probiotics; microbiota; periodontal diseases; biofilm; and oral health—was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for studies in human subjects. Discussion: The research suggests that kefir consumption may aid in decreasing counts of microorganisms typically associated with oral illness. Conclusions: Kefir has the potential to inhibit certain oral pathogens and reduce biofilm formation by promoting diversity within the oral microbiota, suggesting that kefir could be a promising adjuvant treatment for dental caries and periodontal diseases by improving oral health.
Developing Portuguese Nurses’ Skills in Inter-Hospital Transportation of Critically Ill Patients: Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Duarte Mariana , Costeira Cristina
Published: February 2025

Self-awareness among nurses involved in inter-hospital transport is crucial, as recognizing their limitations helps them improve their skills and make better use of tools that support inter-hospital transport, ultimately resulting in more efficient care. Objectives: To evaluate nurses’ self-perceived competences in an emergency department in Portugal regarding the inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients, implement interventions to facilitate the development of nurses’ competences, and evaluate the interventions carried out. Methods: A quality improvement project was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved a diagnostic study, the second phase focused on implementing interventions to improve nurses’ performance, and the third phase consisted of a descriptive study to evaluate the interventions implemented. Results: A total of 40 nurses participated in the study, with an average age of 39 (39.10 ± 11.83) years old, an average of 16 (16.09 ± 11.06) years of professional nursing experience, and an average of 11 (10.94 ± 10.91) years of experience in inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients. The nursing records during inter-hospital transport received the lowest self-perception rating, prompting the implementation of an intervention in the form of a nursing records checklist. Conclusions: The interventions implemented led to a change in self-perceptions of competence. Nurses’ self-awareness of their competences and limitations is crucial to deliver safe and quality nursing care. Providing opportunities for reflection on skills is therefore crucial to improving care delivery and encouraging the development of professional skills, attitudes, and behaviors.
Conditional β-Convergence in APEC Economies, 1960–2020: Empirical Evidence from the Pooled Mean Group Estimator
Authors: Navarro-Chávez César Lenin , Morán-Figueroa Julio César , Ayvar-Campos Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of conditional variables—physical capital, population, and Total Factor Productivity (TFP)—on the economic convergence of the member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum over the period 1960–2020. This study employs a causal and correlational methodological approach, utilizing the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator within a non-experimental design framework for quantitative analysis. This methodology facilitates the estimation of conditional β-convergence, ensuring the statistical significance of estimates even in heterogeneous data panels with variables of integration order I(0) and I(1). The results indicate that physical capital, population growth, and TFP have significantly influenced the growth rates of APEC economies, contributing to economic convergence within the region during the 1960–2020 period. This study offers significant contributions by analyzing the 21 APEC economies over a 60-year period, utilizing a PMG model to estimate conditional β-convergence, and conducting comprehensive evaluations of short- and long-term trends. Consequently, the research recommends implementing policies that prioritize innovation, strengthen capital, create employment opportunities, and enhance productivity to reduce inequalities and foster sustainable growth across APEC economies.
Preliminary Evaluation and Analysis of Differential Technology Performance of eLoran Timing System
Authors: Yin Kexin , Wu Jianfeng , Ning Runze , Chen Yongqi , Liu Qian , Wang Kang
Published: February 2025

As a major and strategic national scientific and technological infrastructure element, a high-precision ground-based timing system is an important guarantee to meet the demand for high-precision time and frequency in various important fields. To this end, the differential technology of the eLoran timing system can improve the timing accuracy from a microsecond to less than 100 nanoseconds. To further study the performance of this timing system, this article carried out tests around the Pucheng BPL long-wave station and the Xi’an temporary differential station, corrected the before-differencing signal by using differential correction data, analyzed the mean and variance of the before-differencing signal and the after-differencing signal received at different test points, and verified the accuracy and stability of the timing, providing support for the improvement of the high-precision ground-based timing system. Based on the original study of differential systems, the ASF was divided into two parts, the ASF Spatial term and the ASF Temporal term. The differential correction process and the actual differential correction effect were analyzed by the waveform of the ASF Temporal term. Two conclusions could be drawn from this test validation. On the one hand, differential technology not only improved the timing accuracy, but also ensured the stability of the timing results. On the other hand, the differential timing accuracy improved from 10–20 ns to within 10 ns within 60 km of the differential station. Beyond 60 km, the timing accuracy reached 100 ns, even at a distance of 86 km.
Narrowband Interference Cancellation Using a Fine Frequency Shift in Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) Systems
Authors: Yun Seung-Mi , Ryu Yeong-Bin , Song Dong-Ho , Jeong Eui-Rim
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a narrowband interference (NBI) cancellation technique for single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) systems. SC-FDE is a transmission scheme commonly used in mobile communication uplinks or low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communications due to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) characteristics. In the presence of narrowband interference, removing the interference is crucial, as SC-FDE systems are vulnerable to the interference. A straightforward approach to interference removal is frequency nulling, which can be easily implemented using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). However, this method is only effective when the interference frequency coincides with specific FFT grid frequencies. To address this limitation, this paper proposes identifying the interference frequency, applying a fine frequency shift, and then canceling or nulling the interference. After that, the fine frequency is shifted back for reception. By aligning the interference frequency with an FFT grid frequency, the proposed technique enables simple and effective narrowband interference cancellation. The performance of the proposed method is validated through computer simulations, which demonstrate excellent interference cancellation performance regardless of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR).
Microbial Fuel Cell Technology as a New Strategy for Sustainable Management of Soil-Based Ecosystems
Authors: Toczyłowska-Mamińska Renata , Mamiński Mariusz Ł. , Kwasowski Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Although soil is mainly perceived as the basic component of agricultural production, it also plays a pivotal role in environmental protection and climate change mitigation. Soil ecosystems are the largest terrestrial carbon source and greenhouse gas emitters, and their degradation as a result of aggressive human activity exacerbates the problem of climate change. Application of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology to soil-based ecosystems such as sediments, wetlands, farmland, or meadows allows for sustainable management of these environments with energy and environmental benefits. Soil ecosystem-based MFCs enable zero-energy, environmentally friendly soil bioremediation (with efficiencies reaching even 99%), direct clean energy production from various soil-based ecosystems (with power production reaching 334 W/m2), and monitoring of soil quality or wastewater treatment in wetlands (with efficiencies of up to 99%). They are also a new strategy for greenhouse gas, soil salinity, and metal accumulation mitigation. This article reviews the current state of the art in the field of application of MFC technology to various soil-based ecosystems, including soil MFCs, sediment MFCs, plant MFCs, and CW-MFCs (constructed wetlands coupled with MFCs).
Identifying Resilience Factors of Power Company Business Models
Authors: Staszewska Joanna , Knop Lilla
Published: February 2025

The paper focuses on the issue of the resilience of energy company business models under energy transition conditions. The main aim of this paper is to identify the key factors responsible for the resilience of an energy company’s business model. This paper presents an excerpt from research on the resilience of energy company business models and the development of a system for assessing the resilience of the energy company business model. The research used a systems approach and a multi-criteria method of hierarchical analysis of decision-making problems, the so-called AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Its selected elements were adapted to solve the scientific problem presented in this paper. Additionally, an approach to building resilient business model strategies was used in the research process. The research instrument adopted for the analyses was a model using the concept of the so-called New Era of Innovation. It was supplemented with the elements of the Canvas model. The results of the research in the form of identified key resilience factors of the energy company’s business model are presented in this article. Of the 79 resilience factors analyzed, 28 were identified as being key to the resilience of the business model. These findings formed the basis for the development of a business model resilience assessment system. The research indicates that learning about the key factors responsible for the resilience of an energy company’s business model is an important and necessary part of the tool for assessing resilience.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Ilex macrocarpa Distribution Under Future Climate Scenarios: Implications for Conservation Planning
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Qiong , Li Suhang , Zhang Yawen , Xiang Yangzhou , Yang Yan , Zhang Jinxin
Published: February 2025

Identifying ecological distribution responses to climate change is pivotal for preserving biodiversity. Ilex macrocarpa, a deciduous tree of the Aquifoliaceae family, has considerable ecological and medicinal benefits. This study investigated the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of I. macrocarpa using MaxEnt modeling and GIS analysis. We analyzed 562 occurrence records against 19 bioclimatic variables, subsequently refined to 7 key predictors through Pearson correlation analysis (|r| ≤ 0.75). The MaxEnt model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.902 ± 0.010). Annual precipitation (67.9% contribution) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (18.4% contribution) emerged as the primary determinants of I. macrocarpa distribution. Currently, suitable habitats occupy 252.97 × 104 km2 (26.35%) of the total land area of China, with highly suitable areas (72.82 × 104 km2) predominantly found in southern China. Under future scenarios, substantial distribution shifts are projected: SSP126 shows a 21.7% reduction in suitable area by 2050, followed by a 9.1% recovery by 2090; SSP245 indicates a 13.4% reduction by 2050 with minimal subsequent change; and SSP585 demonstrates the most severe impact, with a 32.0% reduction by 2090. Habitat centroid analysis reveals significant northeastward shifts under SSP126 (116.23 km by 2090), variable movements under SSP245, and southwestern displacement under SSP585 (143.23 km by 2090). These findings suggest differential responses across climate scenarios, with implications for conservation planning and management strategies.
Virtual Reality in Building Evacuation: A Review
Authors: Hung Ming-Chuan , Lin Ching-Yuan , Hsiao Gary Li-Kai
Published: February 2025

This study systematically reviews the application of virtual reality (VR) in building evacuation scenarios in disaster contexts, highlighting its transformative potential to enhance preparedness, evacuation strategies, and safety training. Disasters such as fires, earthquakes, and multi-hazard emergencies pose significant challenges in densely populated urban environments, requiring innovative solutions beyond traditional methods. Analyzing 48 peer-reviewed studies (2014–2024) following PRISMA guidelines, this review focuses on VR applications in public buildings, transportation hubs, and high-risk workplaces, with VR simulations emerging as the predominant methodology. Key findings demonstrate VR’s ability to simulate realistic scenarios, improve spatial navigation, and optimize crowd dynamics and mobility accessibility. VR enhances evacuation efficiency and safety compliance by enabling adaptive training for diverse populations, including students, professionals, and vulnerable groups. In public and high-risk environments, VR addresses challenges such as visibility limitations, structural complexity, and the need for customized evacuation protocols. However, gaps remain in exploring multi-hazard environments and mixed-use spaces and ensuring scalability. Future research should integrate VR with artificial intelligence and machine learning for predictive and adaptive evacuation models. Expanding VR applications to underrepresented groups, including individuals with disabilities and the elderly, and collaborating with policymakers and urban planners are vital for translating research into practice. Overall, VR provides a scalable, adaptable, and inclusive solution for building evacuation preparedness, offering actionable insights to enhance resilience and safety in diverse architectural and disaster contexts. Its ability to transform evacuation strategies positions VR as a pivotal tool in advancing disaster management.
Fire-Retardant Wood Polymer Composite to Be Used as Building Materials for South African Formal and Informal Dwellings—A Review
Authors: Maake Tebogo , Asante Joseph K. O. , Mhike Washington , Mwakikunga Bonex
Published: February 2025

A demand to replace an easily combustible wood with wood–plastic–rubber composite with better thermal performance than wood is at its peak globally. Wood-based composite materials in the form of wood–polymer composite (WPC) have emerged as new materials that can replace wood to produce wood products for various use. The use of recycled polymers as biodegradable polymer blended with fiber particles, waste tire powder, and other substances to manufacture new products known as wood–rubber–plastics composite (WRPC) for building construction and other different applications, has piqued the interest of numerous researchers. High flammability and weak combustibility parameters are a setback for many wood-based composites because of the flammability of these composites. Fabricated WRPC based on non-toxic fire retardants and other additives used to modify the flame-resistant quality of these composites, the fabrication techniques, and mechanical characteristics are herein reviewed. It is hoped that better composite in the form of WRPC can be used as building materials for informal and formal dwellings.
Lactic Acid Bacteria in Vinegar Fermentation: Diversity, Functionality and Health Benefits
Authors: Hosseini Elahesadat , Tsegay Zenebe Tadesse , Smaoui Slim , Varzakas Theodoros
Published: February 2025

Vinegar, frequently distilled by solid fermentation or liquid processes, was generated through the synergistic effect of a microbial community in open or semi-open environments. Based on the studied raw materials, researchers distributed the vinegar into three classes: grain, fruit and animal, with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) playing a pivotal role in their fermentation and contributing significantly to their functional and sensory qualities. Typically, the natural maturation of fresh vinegar necessitates a long period and vast space, engendering a reduced efficiency. To accelerate the vinegar aging process, some physical methods, viz. micro-oxygenation, ozone, ultrasound, microwave, gamma rays, infrared, electric fields and high pressure, have been developed. Produced or enriched by LAB, key bioactive vinegar components are organic acids, phenolic compounds, melanoidins, and tetramethylpyrazine. These active compounds have antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory functions; aid in the regulation of liver protection metabolism and glucose control; and have blood pressure, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue and metabolic regulatory effects. The review explores advancements in vinegar production, including modernized fermentation processes and optimized aging techniques, which enhance these beneficial compounds and ensure product consistency and safety. By examining the LAB variety strains and the bioactive profiles of different vinegar types, this study highlights vinegar’s value beyond a culinary product, as a potential therapeutic agent in human nutrition and health. The findings underscore vinegar’s relevance not only in dietary and preventive healthcare but also as a potential functional food ingredient. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of action through which LAB contribute to the development of several new healthy vinegars.
Edible Insect Meals as Bioactive Ingredients in Sustainable Snack Bars
Authors: Coppola Francesca , Lombardi Silvia Jane , Tremonte Patrizio
Published: February 2025

Insect metabolites are known for their preservative potential, but the time-consuming and unsustainable extraction process compromises their transferability. This study aimed to identify user-friendly solutions based on the use of insect meals that could improve microbiological safety as well as consumer acceptability. In this regard, the antimicrobial activity of Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor meals against surrogate strains of Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria and mycotoxin-producing fungi (Penicillium expansum) was evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of between 3.12 mg/mL vs. Listeria innocua and 12.50 mg/mL vs. Escherichia coli were found. Based on this finding, a model food was developed also considering consumer acceptance. Statistical analysis of food preferences showed that nutritional and sustainability claims were the independent variables of greatest interest. Therefore, waste or by-products from other food chains were selected as co-ingredients for sustainability, nutritional, and sensory claims. Analysis of the chemical composition showed that the insect bar-style snack qualifies as a “high-protein” food, as protein provides more than 20% of the energy value. Based on the moisture (30%) and water activity (0.77) values, the bar could be classified as an intermediate-moisture food. The challenge test showed that the insect meal prevented the proliferation of intentionally added undesirable microorganisms. Conclusively, the findings complement the knowledge on the antimicrobial activities of insect meals, offering new possibilities for their use as natural preservative ingredients with nutritionally relevant properties.
A Laguerre-Type Action for the Solution of Geometric Constraint Problems
Authors: Pali Nefton
Published: February 2025

A well-known idea is to identify spheres, points, and hyperplanes in Euclidean space Rn with points in real projective space. To address geometric constraints such as intersections, tangencies, and angle requirements, it is important to also encode the orientations of hyperplanes and spheres. The natural space for encoding such geometric objects is the real projective quadric with signature (n+1,2). In this article, we first provide a general formula for calculating the angles formed by the geometric objects encoded by the points of the quadric. The main result is the determination of a very simple parametrization of a Laguerre-type subgroup that acts transitively on the quadric while preserving the geometric nature of its points. That is, points of the quadric representing oriented spheres, points, and oriented hyperplanes in Rn are mapped by the action to points of the same geometric type. We also provide simple parametrizations of the isotropies of the action. The action described in this article provides the foundation for an effective solution to geometric constraint problems.
Transforming Architectural Digitisation: Advancements in AI-Driven 3D Reality-Based Modelling
Authors: Zhang Kai , Fassi Francesco
Published: February 2025

The capture of 3D reality has demonstrated increased efficiency and consistently accurate outcomes in architectural digitisation. Nevertheless, despite advancements in data collection, 3D reality-based modelling still lacks full automation, especially in the post-processing and modelling phase. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a significant focus, especially in computer vision, and tasks such as image classification and object recognition might be beneficial for the digitisation process and its subsequent utilisation. This study aims to examine the potential outcomes of integrating AI technology into the field of 3D reality-based modelling, with a particular focus on its use in architecture and cultural-heritage scenarios. The main methods used for data collection are laser scanning (static or mobile) and photogrammetry. As a result, image data, including RGB-D data (files containing both RGB colours and depth information) and point clouds, have become the most common raw datasets available for object mapping. This study comprehensively analyses the current use of 2D and 3D deep learning techniques in documentation tasks, particularly downstream applications. It also highlights the ongoing research efforts in developing real-time applications with the ultimate objective of achieving generalisation and improved accuracy.
Toward Quantifying Interpolation Uncertainty in Set-Line Spacing Hydrographic Surveys
Authors: Adediran Elias , Kastrisios Christos , Lowell Kim , Rice Glen , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2025

The oceans remain one of Earth’s last great unknowns, with about 74% still unmapped to modern standards. Consequently, interpolation is employed to create seamless digital bathymetric models (DBMs) from incomplete hydrographic datasets, but this introduces unquantified depth uncertainties. This study aims to estimate and characterize uncertainties arising from set-line spacing hydrographic surveys, which are important for nautical charting, navigational safety, and many other applications. By sampling four distinct complete-coverage testbeds in United States waters that vary in slope and roughness at different line spacings, this study interpolates across entire testbed areas using Spline, Inverse Distance Weighting, and Linear interpolation. Uncertainty is calculated by comparing interpolated depths against the source depths for independent points. The resulting interpolation uncertainties are evaluated from both scientific and operational perspectives. Linear regression and machine learning techniques, specifically artificial neural networks and random forest, are used to model the relationship between these uncertainties and three ancillary predictors (distance to the nearest known measurement, slope, and roughness) for interpolation uncertainty quantification. The results show operational equivalence among the three interpolators, how line spacing and morphology impact uncertainty, and the statistical significance of the examined uncertainty predictors. However, the relationships between the combined ancillary predictors and interpolation uncertainty are weak. These findings suggest the potential presence of unaccounted-for factors influencing uncertainty yet provide a foundational understanding for improving uncertainty estimates in DBMs within operational settings.
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Suppresses the Migration of Dendritic Cells by Reshaping the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Tang Kaiyi , Tian Jiaxiong , Xu Yujun , Shang Guofu , Peng Xiaoyan , Yue Ping , Wang Yun , Chen Sen , Hu Zuquan
Published: February 2025

Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered a significant risk factor for human diseases, including the immune function impairment of immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs), as essential antigen-presenting cells, play a pivotal role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. However, the impact of AFB1 exposure on DCs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of AFB1 exposure on the migration ability of DCs and its underlying action model. Initially, we observed that AFB1 exposure inhibited the survival of DCs and altered their cellular morphology. Further investigation revealed that AFB1 promotes cell adhesion and inhibits DC migration by modulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules. Additionally, our findings indicated that cytoskeletal remodeling plays a crucial role in these processes. Experimental techniques such as immunofluorescence and RNA sequencing confirmed that AFB1 exposure regulates the expression of cytoskeleton-related genes. Moreover, we found that the perturbation of the gene expression profile through AFB1 exposure is associated with cell communication. Collectively, our study findings demonstrate that AFB1 can disrupt the expression of cytoskeleton- and adhesion-related molecules in DCs, thereby altering cell morphology and migration. These insights could provide new perspectives for further understanding the immunosuppressive effects of AFB1 and developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with AFB1 exposure.
Identification of the B7-H3 Interaction Partners Using a Proximity Labeling Strategy
Authors: Liao Shujie , Huang Jiamin , Lupala Cecylia S. , Li Xiangcheng , Li Xuefei , Li Nan
Published: February 2025

B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy due to its high expression in various types of cancer cells. It not only regulates the activity of immune cells but also modulates the signal transduction and metabolism of cancer cells. However, the specific interaction partners of B7-H3 still remain unclear, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the precise role of B7-H3 in cancer progression. In this study, we report that B7-H3 can bind to resting Raji cells, stimulated THP-1 cells, and even PC3 prostate cancer cells through its IgV domain alone. Furthermore, to identify the potential interaction partners of B7-H3 on these cells, we adopted an ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX2)-based proximity labeling strategy, which revealed about 10 key potential interaction partners. Interestingly, our results suggest that CD45 could be a putative receptor for B7-H3 on Raji cells, while the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could closely interact with B7-H3 on PC3 cells. Based on further computational structure modeling studies, we show that B7-H3 can bind to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding pocket of EGFR—surprisingly, with a stronger affinity than EGF itself. Overall, our study provides an effective approach to identifying B7-H3 interaction partners in both immune and cancer cell lines.
CSE/H2S Signaling Pathways in Enhancing Muscle Function and Insulin Sensitivity During Exercise
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Liu Xiaoguang , Hu Danting , Li Zhaowei , Lu Liming
Published: February 2025

Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic health, enhancing muscle function, and improving insulin sensitivity, thereby preventing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence highlights the significance of the cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling pathway as a pivotal regulator in the molecular and physiological adaptations induced by exercise. This review comprehensively examines the biosynthesis and metabolism of H2S, its distribution in different muscle tissues, and the mechanisms by which CSE/H2S influences muscle contraction, repair, and protein synthesis. Additionally, it explores how CSE/H2S modulates insulin signaling pathways, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity. The potential of H2S donors as exercise supplements is also discussed, highlighting their ability to improve exercise performance and metabolic health. Current research advancements, including the application of multi-omics approaches, are reviewed to provide a deeper understanding of the complex molecular networks involved. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions in CSE/H2S research are addressed, emphasizing the need for further mechanistic studies and clinical applications. This review underscores the therapeutic potential of targeting the CSE/H2S pathway to optimize the benefits of exercise and improve metabolic health.
Exploring Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapies for Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy
Authors: Blanquet Luann , Serra Diana , Marrinhas Carla , Almeida Anabela
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy stands out as one of the most prevalent chronic neurological conditions affecting companion animals. Recent research has increasingly focused on exploring the role of gut microbiota in influencing neurological conditions, like epilepsy. This influence stems from the bidirectional communication pathways between gut bacteria and the brain, which involve metabolic, neural, immunological, and endocrine mechanisms. In fact, a balanced and stable gut microbiota is essential to maintaining normal gut physiology and ensuring appropriate signaling along the gut–brain axis. Conversely, dysbiosis can have detrimental effects on gut physiology and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of neurological conditions, including epilepsy. Considering these findings, this review article aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the microbiota–gut–brain connection in the context of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Moreover, this review presents recent data on innovative gut-related therapeutic strategies for canine idiopathic epilepsy treatment.
Emerging Gene Therapy Based on Nanocarriers: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Cardiovascular Diseases and a Novel Strategy in Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Yang Haoran , Li Junli , Song Chengxiang , Li Hongde , Luo Qiang , Chen Mao
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of global mortality, with many unresolved issues in current clinical treatment strategies despite years of extensive research. Due to the great progress in nanotechnology and gene therapy in recent years, the emerging gene therapy based on nanocarriers has provided a promising therapeutic alternative for cardiovascular diseases. This review outlines the status of nanocarriers as vectors in gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. It discusses challenges and future prospects, aiming to support emerging clinical treatments. This review is the first to summarize gene therapy using nanocarriers for valvular heart disease, highlighting their potential in targeting challenging tissues.
Initiation of Progressive Morphological Transition Towards an Echino-Stomato-Spherocytic Phenotype by Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Its Implication in Thrombosis
Authors: Bian Yiying , Jin Qiushuo , Chung Han-Young , Lim Kyung-Min , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2025

Morphological changes in erythrocytes during disease, aging, or reactions to external agents are significant as they can influence disease progression. However, the exact mechanisms behind these temporary alterations and their potential to cause dysfunction remain unclear. Using a saponin-induced erythrocyte shape transition (EST) model, we studied the gradual shift of erythrocytes towards echino-stomato-spherocytic forms and its link to hemolysis and thrombosis. We observed that different saponin concentrations elicited varying shape transformations. At low concentrations, erythrocytes transition from discocytic shapes to echinocytic, echino-stomatocytic, and ultimately stomatocytic forms. As the concentration moderately increases, the morphology evolves into stomato-spherocytic forms. At higher saponin concentrations, the erythrocytes completely transform into spherocytic forms. Regardless of the transformation degree, all forms showed increased phosphatidylserine exposure (PS) and microvesicle (MV) production, primarily due to increased scramblase and decreased flippase activity, which were influenced by elevated calcium levels and caspase 3 activity, effectively managing PS distribution and influencing cell membrane expansion and invagination. These alterations increased thrombin production, erythrocyte adhesion, and aggregation, promoting thrombosis in rats. Altogether, our findings indicate that the shift towards echino-stomato-spherocytic forms fosters a hypercoagulable state through PS externalization, heightening thrombotic risk.
Arsine, Stibine and Phosphine Derivatives of [Fe2(CO)6(μ-bdt)] (bdt = Benzenedithiolate): Syntheses, Structures and Spectroscopic and Electrocatalytic Studies
Authors: Rahaman Ahibur , Kulsume Ummey , Alam Fakir R. , Haukka Matti , Ghosh Shishir , Hogarth Graeme , Nordlander Ebbe , Kabir Shariff E.
Published: February 2025

The reactivity of the benzenedithiolate (bdt)-bridged complex [Fe2(CO)6(µ-bdt)] with arsine, stibine and phosphine ligands has been studied. The new mono- and disubstituted complexes [Fe2(CO)5(EPh3)(µ-bdt)] (E = As, 1; E = Sb 3) and [Fe2(CO)4(EPh3)2(µ-bdt)] (E = As, 2; E = Sb, 4) and the previously reported [Fe2(CO)4(PPh2H)2(µ-bdt)] (5) have been prepared by Me3NO-initiated carbonyl substitution reactions of [Fe2(CO)6(µ-bdt)] with appropriate ligands at 80 °C. Spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that in all cases the introduced ligands occupy apical coordination site(s) lying trans to the iron–iron bond. Their electrochemistry has been probed by cyclic voltammetry and selected complexes have been tested as proton reduction catalysts. Monosubstituted complexes 1 and 3 show two irreversible reductions at ca. −1.7 V and −2.0 V, respectively, relative to Fc+/Fc, while the disubstituted complexes 2 and 5 show a single irreversible reduction at ca. −2.2 V and −1.84 V, respectively. Complexes 1, 3 and 5 can catalyse electrocatalytic proton reduction in the presence of either p-toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH) or trifluoroacetic acid (CF3CO2H).
Invasive Physiological Assessment of Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khan Sarosh , Fawaz Samer , Sajjad Uzma , Cook Christopher , Karamasis Grigoris V. , Davies John , Kordzadeh Ali , Nour Elafra , Davies Alun H. , Thapar Ankur , Keeble Thomas
Published: February 2025

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects over 236 million people globally, with endovascular treatment as the predominant mode of revascularization. While pre-procedural lesion assessment typically relies on non-invasive Doppler measurement, invasive physiological assessment offers a promising approach to guide lesion selection and provide real-time evaluation of angioplasty success. This review explores the current methods, challenges, and future directions of invasive physiological assessment in PAD. Sensor-tipped wires, particularly pressure sensor-tipped wires (pressure-wires), enable precise evaluation of stenoses through indices such as peripheral fractional flow reserve (pFFR) measured during hyperaemia. pFFR can identify significant flow-limiting lesions, assess angioplasty efficacy, and predict tissue healing. Additional indices, including Doppler-wire derived flow reserves and resistance measurements, further enhance the understanding of lesion physiology. Early data support the utility of these techniques for guiding treatment decisions, although the variability in methodologies highlights the need for standardization and outcome-driven cut-off values. This review uniquely consolidates evidence on invasive physiological assessment in PAD, addressing critical gaps and providing a framework for future research. By advancing lesion-specific evaluation and procedural optimization, this work underscores the transformative potential of these techniques in improving patient outcomes and redefining PAD management.