bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain on the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Cells Induced by Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Under UVA Irradiation
Authors: Xue Chengbin , Li Xiaonan , Liu Guozhen , Liu Wei
Published: August 2016

Nanosized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is widely used in the chemical, electrical, and electronic industries. Nanosized TiO2 has been reported to be an efficient photocatalyst, which is able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UVA irradiation. In the present work, we evaluate the effect of mitochondrial respiratory chain on the generation of ROS and cytotoxicity in keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells induced by nano-TiO2 under UVA irradiation. HaCaT cells were pretreated with different inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain and followed by treatment with 200 µg/mL nano-TiO2, then exposed to UVA (365 nm) for 1 hour and cultured for 24 hours. Our results demonstrated that the complexes I and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are the major site in the ROS generation induced by nano-TiO2. Our results also demonstrated that the uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulted in obvious changes in the production of intracellular ROS induced by nano-TiO2. The ROS sources of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase had no significant effect on the ROS production. To some extent, nitric oxide synthase had effect on the ROS production. These results indicated that mitochondrial respiratory chain may be the main source of intracellular ROS production induced by nano-TiO2.
Shave to Save Face
Authors: Traboulsi Danya , Kurwa Habib
Published: August 2016

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. Terminal hair is not routinely removed for assessment of BCCs on the scalp and yet may obscure the true size of scalp BCCs. This can compromise effective management.

Objective:

To underscore the importance of removing terminal hair on the scalp for an accurate assessment of clinical margins of BCC on the scalp.

Methods:

We report 2 cases of cutaneous BCC arising on the scalp. The size of the malignancies was underestimated because they were masked by hair growth.

Results:

Removing terminal hair allowed for a full assessment of the extent of the tumours on hair-bearing scalp, which had been underestimated by 73% to 80% prior to shaving.

Conclusion:

Our cases highlight the importance of hair removal for complete assessment of cutaneous malignancy occurring on hair-bearing skin.
Equivalence of symptom dimensions in females and males with autism
Authors: Frazier Thomas W , Hardan Antonio Y
Published: August 2016

This study investigated equivalence of autism symptom domains in males and females with autism. Symptom data were obtained from 2643 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (352 females, 2291 males; age range = 4–17 years) included in the Simons Simplex Collection. Items from the Social Responsiveness Scale and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised were mapped to nine a priori symptom dimensions. Multi-group confirmatory factor models, including measurement equivalence and item response theory analyses, examined whether males and females showed measurement or structural differences in autism symptom constructs. Results indicated mean differences in restricted interests that were not due to measurement bias. No other symptom dimension showed evidence of measurement bias and autism symptom structure was highly similar between males and females. Future studies are needed to carefully estimate any sex differences in the content, frequency, or intensity/severity of restricted interests in females and males.
Developing a Tradition of Scholarship
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Elliott Carole J. , McDonald Kimberly S. , Storberg-Walker Julia
Published: August 2016

The Problem

Research and theory are the lifeblood of academic disciplines along with the peer-reviewed journals that disseminate such scholarship. Journals become critical repositories that capture the histories and evolution of such disciplines, and their scholarly contributions generate new knowledge that can stimulate further research and improve practice. The Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) sponsors four peer-reviewed journals that have contributed to the birth and evolution of the discipline of human resource development (HRD). Yet, little is known about how they came into being, how they have evolved, and what their impact has been within the field of HRD.

The Solution

This article captures the histories of the emergence and evolution of the four refereed journals sponsored by the AHRD through the unique voices of current and recent past editors of these journals. It then considers common themes of scholarship across the four journals that have helped to shape HRD.

The Stakeholders

Students, researchers, and scholar-practitioners in the field of HRD and related fields who are interested in learning more about the histories of the journals sponsored by the AHRD, along with their contributions to the scholarship in HRD, will benefit from reading this article.
Can Neurological Biomarkers of Brain Impairment Be Used to Predict Poststroke Motor Recovery? A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Bokkyu , Winstein Carolee
Published: August 2016

Background. There is growing interest to establish recovery biomarkers, especially neurological biomarkers, in order to develop new therapies and prediction models for the promotion of stroke rehabilitation and recovery. However, there is no consensus among the neurorehabilitation community about which biomarker(s) have the highest predictive value for motor recovery. Objective. To review the evidence and determine which neurological biomarker(s) meet the high evidence quality criteria for use in predicting motor recovery. Methods. We searched databases for prognostic neuroimaging/neurophysiological studies. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using a previously employed comprehensive 15-item rating system. Furthermore, we used the GRADE approach and ranked the overall evidence quality for each category of neurologic biomarker. Results. Seventy-one articles met our inclusion criteria; 5 categories of neurologic biomarkers were identified: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), conventional structural MRI (sMRI), and a combination of these biomarkers. Most studies were conducted with individuals after ischemic stroke in the acute and/or subacute stage (~70%). Less than one-third of the studies (21/71) were assessed with satisfactory methodological quality (80% or more of total quality score). Conventional structural MRI and the combination biomarker categories ranked “high” in overall evidence quality. Conclusions. There were 3 prevalent methodological limitations: ( a) lack of cross-validation, ( b) lack of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for motor outcomes, and ( c) small sample size. More high-quality studies are needed to establish which neurological biomarkers are the best predictors of motor recovery after stroke. Finally, the quarter-century old methodological quality tool used here should be updated by inclusion of more contemporary methods and statistical approaches.
The biological complexity of colorectal cancer: insights into biomarkers for early detection and personalized care
Authors: De Rosa Marina , Rega Daniela , Costabile Valeria , Duraturo Francesca , Niglio Antonello , Izzo Paola , Pace Ugo , Delrio Paolo
Published: August 2016

Colorectal cancer has been ranked the third and second most prevalent of all cancers in men and women, respectively, and it represents the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths. In 2012, there were 1.4 million estimated cases of colorectal cancer worldwide, and 700,000 estimated deaths, which implies significant impact on public health, especially in economically-developed countries. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of tumors, although this has been accompanied by decreased mortality, due to more appropriate and available information, earlier diagnosis, and improvements in treatment. Colorectal cancers are characterized by great genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, including tumor microenvironment and interactions between healthy and cancer cells. All of these traits confer a unique peculiarity to each tumor, which can thus be considered as an individual disease. Well conducted molecular and clinical characterization of each colorectal cancer is essential with a view to the implementation of precision oncology, and thus personalized care. This last aims at standardization of therapeutic plans chosen according to the genetic background of each specific neoplasm, to increase overall survival and reduce treatment side effects. Thus, prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers assume a critical role in the characterization of colorectal cancer and in the determination of the most appropriate therapy.
An update on the evidence base for peginterferon β1a in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bhargava Pavan , Newsome Scott D.
Published: August 2016

Peginterferon β1a is a modified form of interferon β1a with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group attached to the α-amino group of the N terminus of the interferon molecule. This modification alters the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of interferon β1a, enabling reduced frequency of dosing and may also result in reduced immunogenicity of the interferon β1a molecule. The efficacy of peginterferon β1a 125 µg administered subcutaneously every 2 or 4 weeks was demonstrated at the end of the placebo-controlled period in the phase III ADVANCE study; both dosing regimens met their primary endpoint of reducing annualized relapse rate (ARR) compared with placebo. Peginterferon β1a administered every 2 weeks resulted in a more robust treatment effect on ARR, sustained disability progression and magnetic resonance imaging endpoints (new or enlarging T2 lesions and gadolinium-enhanced lesions) than peginterferon β1a every 4 weeks. Further reductions in the ARR with additional positive impact on magnetic resonance imaging outcomes were noted in year 2 of the ADVANCE study with the every 2-week dosing regimen. An adverse-effect profile similar to other interferon β formulations coupled with the advantage of a significant reduction in the number of injections, could lead to improved long-term adherence to peginterferon β1a. We review the evidence base for the role of peginterferon β1a in the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Akbaraly Tasnime N. , Kerleau Clarisse , Wyart Marilyn , Chevallier Nathalie , Ndiaye Louise , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Kivimäki Mika
Published: August 2016

There is a growing interest in understanding the role of inflammation in the diet–depression relationship. The present study examined whether the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII; a measure of the inflammatory potential of individuals’ diets) is associated with recurrent depressive symptoms (DepS) (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score > 16 or taking antidepressants both at baseline and follow-up) assessed over 5 years in middle-aged men ( n = 3,178) and women ( n = 1,068) from the Whitehall II Study. For each increment of 1 SD of DII score, odds of recurrent DepS increased by 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.30, 2.12]) in women, whereas no significant association between DII and recurrent DepS was observed in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12; 95% CI = [0.92, 1.36]). This association was little attenuated after adjustment for confounders and after taking into account levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. In conclusion, there is an association between proinflammatory diet and recurrent DepS in women that seems to not be driven by circulating inflammatory markers.
Cognitive Bias Modification
Authors: Hertel Paula T. , Maydon Amaris , Cottle Julia , Vrijsen Janna N.
Published: August 2016

Ruminative tendencies to think repetitively about negative events, like retrieval practice in laboratory experiments, should enhance long-term recall. To evaluate this claim, ruminators and nonruminators learned positive, negative, and neutral adjective–noun pairs. Following each of four study phases, “practice” participants attempted cued recall of nouns from positive or negative pairs; study-only participants performed a filler task. Half the pairs of each valence were tested after the four learning cycles, and all pairs were tested a week later. Large practice effects were found on both tests, even though ruminators showed a trait-congruent bias in recalling unpracticed negative pairs on the immediate test. Positive practice also improved the moods of ruminators. Thus, repetitive positive retrieval shows promise in counteracting ruminative recall and its consequences.
Importance of environmental stiffness for megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation
Authors: Aguilar Alicia , Pertuy Fabien , Eckly Anita , Strassel Catherine , Collin Dominique , Gachet Christian , Lanza François , Léon Catherine
Published: August 2016

Key Points

Mimicking 3D BM stiffness improves MK maturation with in situ–like morphology and higher ploidy and proplatelet formation. The myosin IIA and MKL1 pathways contribute to 3D hydrogel medium-mediated increased proplatelet formation.
Diagnosing Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hess Christopher W. , Okun Michael S.
Published: August 2016

Purpose of Review: While establishing the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) can be straightforward, it can be challenging in some patients, even for the experienced neurologist. The misdiagnosis rate ranges from 10% to 20% or greater depending on clinician experience.

Recent Findings: Despite promise in the search for a biomarker that can establish the presence of PD and act as a marker of its progression, the diagnosis of PD continues to be based on clinical examination. Core criteria, exclusion criteria, and supportive criteria have been developed to aid the clinician in establishing the diagnosis. Nonmotor symptoms of PD are usually present at the time of diagnosis, may precede motor symptoms, and should be specifically sought during evaluation. Ancillary testing can be appropriate, but its indications and utility must be clearly understood.

Summary: The diagnosis of PD requires the recognition of the core features of PD and the differentiation of its clinical presentation from other entities with similar and potentially overlapping symptoms. A careful history and examination guided by clinical diagnostic criteria will usually establish the diagnosis of PD or uncover red flags for the possibilities of other diagnoses. Appropriate selection and interpretation of ancillary testing is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary tests.
Diagnosis and Management of Tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D.
Published: August 2016

Purpose of Review: Tremor, which is a rhythmic oscillation of a body part, is among the most common involuntary movements. Rhythmic oscillations may manifest in a variety of ways; as a result, a rich clinical phenomenology surrounds tremor. For this reason, diagnosing tremor disorders can be particularly challenging. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a straightforward approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with tremor.

Recent Findings: Scientific understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of tremor disorders has grown considerably in recent years with the use of a broad range of neuroimaging approaches and rigorous, controlled postmortem studies. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are structures that seem to play a prominent role.

Summary: The diagnosis of tremor disorders is challenging. The approach to tremor involves a history and a neurologic examination that is focused on the nuances of tremor phenomenology, of which there are many. The evaluation should begin with a tremor history and a focused neurologic examination. The examination should attend to the many subtleties of tremor phenomenology. Among other things, the history and examination are used to establish whether the main type of tremor is an action tremor (ie, postural, kinetic, or intention tremor) or a resting tremor. The clinician should then formulate two sets of differential diagnoses: disorders in which action tremor is the predominant tremor versus those in which resting tremor is the main tremor. Among the most common of the former type are essential tremor, enhanced physiologic tremor, drug-induced tremor, dystonic tremor, orthostatic tremor, and cerebellar tremor. Parkinson disease is the most common form of resting tremor, along with drug-induced resting tremor. This article details the clinical features of each of these as well as other tremor disorders.
Treatment of Advanced Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders
Authors: Miyasaki Janis M.
Published: August 2016

Purpose of Review: Parkinson disease often spans decades of a patient’s lifetime. Over time, nonmotor symptoms predominate and may limit dopaminergic therapy. Neurologists continue to play a vital role in treatment. In addition to balancing neurobehavioral complications of Parkinson disease with motor benefit, addressing nonmotor symptoms common in the advanced stage may improve quality of life and reduce symptom burden. Symptoms such as dysphagia, constipation, urinary dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and pain respond to nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies.

Recent Findings: Evidence for treatment of many nonmotor symptoms is weak or lacking. The evidence for treatment of the atypical parkinsonian syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration) in advanced stages is even more scant.

Summary: Engaging palliative care physicians in the joint care of patients can provide patients with access to expertise in end-of-life issues. Neurologic illnesses have specific hospice criteria to guide clinicians for referrals. Evidence supports that assisting patients with advance directives can result in improved satisfaction with care and improved quality of life in the last weeks of life. Neurologists can remain engaged in their patients’ care throughout the course of illness.
Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting Without Distal Embolic Protection Devices
Authors: Binning Mandy J. , Maxwell Christina R. , Stofko Douglas , Zerr Myra , Maghazehe Kamyar , Liebman Kenneth , Hakma Zakaria , Lewis-Diaz Cynthia , Veznedaroglu Erol
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Embolic protection devices are used during carotid artery stenting procedures to reduce risk of distal embolization. Although this is a standard procedural recommendation, no studies have shown superiority of these devices over unprotected stenting procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the periprocedural outcome and durability of carotid artery stenting without embolic protection devices and poststent angioplasty.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 174 carotid angioplasty stent procedures performed at our institution. One hundred sixty-six patients underwent angioplasty and stenting without distal protection devices or poststent angioplasty. Complications related to stenting, including procedural complications, postoperative stroke and/or myocardial infarction, and stent restenosis were analyzed.

RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five stents (78%) were performed in symptomatic patients, whereas 22% of stents were placed for asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. The degree of stenosis was 80% or greater in 75% of patients and 90% or greater in 55% of patients. Following the stenting procedure, the 24-hour and 30-day rate of transient ischemic attack, intracranial hemorrhage, or ischemic stroke was 0. Three (2%) patients had a perioperative, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Five patients (2.8%) required treatment for restenosis (>50% stenosis from baseline), 1 of which was symptomatic.

CONCLUSION: Our data show that carotid artery stenting without the use of embolic protection devices and without postangioplasty stenting, in experienced hands, can be performed safely. Furthermore, this technique does not result in a higher degree of in-stent restenosis than series in which poststenting angioplasty is performed.
wigExplorer, a BioJS component to visualise wig data
Authors: Thanki Anil S. , Jimenez Rafael C. , Kaithakottil Gemy G. , Corpas Manuel , Davey Robert P.
Published: August 2016

Summary: wigExplorer is a BioJS component whose main purpose is to provide a platform for visualisation of wig-formatted data. Wig files are extensively used by genome browsers such as the UCSC Genome Browser. wigExplorer follows the BioJS standard specification, requiring a simple configuration and installation. wigExplorer provides an easy way to navigate the visible region of the canvas and allows interaction with other components via predefined events.

Availability: http://biojs.io/d/biojs-vis-wigexplorer;http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8516
Comparative Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Studies of Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Patra Arjun , Pathela Richa , Satpathy Swaha
Published: August 2016

In present study, pharmacognostical, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies of T. cordifolia (Menispermaceae) stems, climbing on six different trees [Anthocephalus cadamba (Tc1), Ficus religious (Tc2), Cassia fistula (Tc3), Terminalia belerica (Tc4), Ficus rumphi (Tc5) and Magnifera indica (Tc6)] were evaluated and compared. Morphologically all the materials were similar, but they were having some differences in their microscopical features. Percentage total ash (Tc1: 6.7, Tc2: 5.6, Tc3: 5.9, Tc4: 5.0, Tc5: 4.3 and Tc6: 4.7% w/w), acid-insoluble ash (Tc1: 1.0, Tc2: 1.8, Tc3: 2.1, Tc4: 2.2, Tc5: 1.8 and Tc6: 2.4% w/w), water soluble extractive (Tc1: 22.1, Tc2: 11.6, Tc3: 12.8, Tc4: 10.6, Tc5: 18.4 and Tc6: 19.6% w/w), ethanol soluble extractive (Tc1: 4.3, Tc2: 8.1, Tc3: 13.6, Tc4: 3.3, Tc5: 7.6 and Tc6: 7.1% w/w), moisture content (Tc1: 8.0, Tc2: 9.2, Tc3: 8.2, Tc4: 5.7, Tc5: 7.1 and Tc6: 6.2% w/w) were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of inorganic constituents like calcium (Tc1 to Tc6), magnesium (Tc1), potassium (Tc2, Tc3 and Tc5), Iron (Tc1 to Tc6 except Tc4), sulphate (Tc1 to Tc6 except Tc3), phosphate (Tc1), carbonate (Tc4), and nitrates (Tc3); and organic constituents viz. carbohydrates, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in the plant. Further, TLC of methanolic extract of the plant material showed 7, 5, 6, 7, 7 and 7 spots in Tc1, Tc2, Tc3, Tc4, Tc5 and Tc6 respectively. The different salient diagnostic features established in this study will help for proper identification and standardization of the drug in crude form, and then the plant material can be used for further studies. Further, the plant climbing on different trees could be explored for maximizing the significant phytoconstituents and the therapeutic potential of the plant.
Prediction of histological stage based on cystoscopic appearances of newly diagnosed bladder tumours
Authors: During VA , Sole GM , Jha AK , Anderson JA , Bryan RT
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

In the 75–80% of urothelial bladder cancers (UBC) presenting as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the key treatment and staging procedure. In the 20–25% of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), further cross-sectional imaging is required to complete the staging process before considering radical treatment. Given the adverse effects of ionising radiation, clinicians identify patients believed to have MIBC, and so requiring further imaging pre-TURBT, at the tumour histology/stage based on the tumour’s visual characteristics. There is minimal evidence describing the accuracy of such predictions in newly-diagnosed patients.

METHODS

Over a 6-year period, a database of patients undergoing resection of newly-diagnosed bladder lesions in a single UK centre was prospectively established. Predictions based on histology were simultaneously recorded, and the accuracy of these predictions of histology/stage subsequently assessed.

RESULTS

One hundred and twenty two (73.1%) patients with histologically confirmed NMIBC had predictions recorded versus 45 (26.9%) patients with MIBC. Visual assessment predictions of MIBC had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5%–95.2%) and a specificity of 91.0% (95% CI 84.6%–94.9%), giving a positive predictive value of 78.4% (95% CI 65.4%–87.5%) and a negative predictive value of 95.7% (95% CI 90.3%–98.1%).

CONCLUSIONS

We find that visual assessment is accurate in predicting the presence of MIBC. This supports the practice of stratifying patients at the time of initial cystoscopy for those requiring further radiological staging pre-TURBT.
Peritoneal encapsulation; a rare cause of bowel obstruction
Authors: Griffith DGL , Boal M , Rogers T
Published: August 2016

Peritoneal encapsulation is a rare congenital cause of bowel obstruction in children. We present the case of a 12-year-old male with severe dehydration and recurrent episodes of vomiting. This pathology should be considered in cases of bowel obstruction with a virgin abdomen.
Devil-nets of clues: True Detective and the search for meaning
Authors: Tybjerg Casper
Published: August 2016

This article examines the first season of the hit television series True Detective (2014) with respect to the claim that it deliberately adopted a form fitting the new world of digital television. The article argues that this embrace is less than complete: the show seeks an immersive, novelistic experience rather than something entirely new. It further argues that this immersive experience is supported by the series’ richly detailed background and by its invocation of various aspects of weird fiction. The article also discusses some of the institutional factors shaping the series: the availability of the puzzle film genre as an interpretive framework, the existence of an audience interested in assuming the attitude of what Jason Mittell has called the forensic fan, and the choice of a traditional, one-episode-per-week release schedule. Finally, the article discusses the show’s ending and the disappointed reactions of critics and fans, arguing that the idea that the show intended to exploit digitization by adopting a more game-like approach, offering clues that could only be found using digital tools, is undercut by the many loose ends left unresolved by the finale. The article concludes that the density and detail of the series’ background, inviting viewers to explore, should be regarded not as providing pieces of a puzzle to be solved, but as an opportunity to deepen viewer engagement.
The development of transnationality in Danish Noir – from Unit One to The Team
Authors: Agger Gunhild
Published: August 2016

The idea of transnationality is often used as a key concept to explain current developments in production and distribution of TV drama. However, this term can be understood in different ways with different implications. The main purpose of this article is to map prevalent uses of the term and to investigate the development of transnationality in Danish Noir during the period 2000–2015. The concepts of internationalism and globalization as well as Nordic Noir are used to frame the theoretical discussion of transnationality. Inspired by recent developments in film theory, the argument is that implications of transnationality should be discussed at different levels – production, overall theme and story, aesthetics, reception and distribution. The impact of transnationality at these levels are examined and illustrated in the analyses. Four TV series, all of them authored by Peter Thorsboe and Mai Brostrøm, are selected to trace the transnational development in Danish Noir. Unit One is seen as the international breakthrough. The Eagle and The Protectors illustrate an increasing transnational development at all levels, and The Team represents its provisional culmination. The conclusion seeks to answer whether there is a limit to transnationality.
Del píxel a las resonancias visuales: La imagen con voz propia
Authors: Rosado Rodrigo Pilar , Figueras Ferrer Eva , Reverter Comes Ferran
Published: August 2016

Esta investigación aborda el problema de la detección aspectos latentes en grandes colecciones de imágenes de obras de artista abstractas, atendiendo sólo a su contenido visual. Se ha programado un algoritmo de descripción de imágenes utilizado en visión artificial cuyo enfoque consiste en colocar una malla regular de puntos de interés en la imagen y seleccionar alrededor de cada uno de sus nodos una región de píxeles para la que se calcula un descriptor que tiene en cuenta los gradientes de grises encontrados. Los descriptores de toda la colección de imágenes se pueden agrupar en función de su similitud y cada grupo resultante pasará a determinar lo que llamamos “palabras visuales”. El método se denomina Bag-of-Words (bolsa de palabras). Teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia con que cada “palabra visual”  ocurre en cada imagen, aplicamos el modelo estadístico pLSA (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis), que clasificará de forma totalmente automática las imágenes según su categoría formal. Esta herramienta resulta de utilidad tanto en el análisis de obras de arte como en la producción artística. Palabras-clave: visión artificial; modelo Bag-of-Words; CBIR (Recuperación de imágenes por contenido); pLSA (ANÁLISIS PROBABILÍSTICO DE ASPECTOS LATENTES); palabra visual From pixel to visual resonances: Images with voicesAbstractThe objective of our research is to develop a series of computer vision programs to search for analogies in large datasets—in this case, collections of images of abstract paintings—based solely on their visual content without textual annotation. We have programmed an algorithm based on a specific model of image description used in computer vision. This approach involves placing a regular grid over the image and selecting a pixel region around each node. Dense features computed over this regular grid with overlapping patches are used to represent the images. Analysing the distances between the whole set of image descriptors we are able to group them according to their similarity and each resulting group will determines what we call "visual words". This model is called Bag-of-Words representation Given the frequency with which each visual word occurs in each image, we apply the method pLSA (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis), a statistical model that classifies fully automatically, without any textual annotation, images according to their formal patterns. In this way, the researchers hope to develop a tool both for producing and analysing works of art. Keywords: artificial visión; Bag-of-Words model; CBIR (Content-Based Image Retrieval); pLSA (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis); visual word
Your colour memory y La pell de la pell: Del artista al científico
Authors: Pastó Aguilà Cristina , Agustí Camí Eugènia
Published: August 2016

Este artículo aborda dos experiencias de visualización, resultado del encuentro y colaboración entre artistas y científicos con el objetivo de dar respuesta a cuestiones planteadas en el proyecto I+D+i “Metamétodo: Metodologías compartidas y procesos artísticos en la sociedad del conocimiento HAR2010-18453 (subprograma ARTE)”, dirigido por Alicia Vela y desarrolladas por miembros del equipo IMARTE de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la UB. La primera propuesta titulada Your colour memory se realiza en colaboración con la Unidad y Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares del Instituto de Investigación Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB). En ella se analiza la capacidad del razonamiento científico como verdad certera indiscutible y el laboratorio como escenario donde germina dicha argumentación. El segundo estudio, titulado La pell de la pell, mediante la visualización de cromatografías y de planchas de fotopolímero sensible, establece una analogía con las “fachadas vivas”, construidas de hormigón biológico dónde los líquenes son los protagonistas. El estudio surge a partir del contacto y distintas visitas al Departamento de Botánica de la Facultad de Biología de la UB.Palabras-clave: Metamétodo; arte-ciencia; luz; color, sostenibilidad Your colour memory and the skin of the skin: From the artist to the scientistAbstractThis article explain two experiences of visualization framed within the Research and Development (I+D) project "Metamethod. Shared methodologies in artistic processes HAR 2010-18453 (subprogram ARTE)" developed by the artists and researchers of IMARTE Group, University of Barcelona. The first experience titled Your colour memory was made with Neuromuscular Diseases Unit and Laboratory of the Research Institute Hospital de Sant Pau (UAB). Examines the power of scientific reasoning as an unquestionable truth and the laboratory as the stage where that argument germinates. The second study, entitled The skin of the skin, starts after contact by Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology (UB). The idea of how to build living façades through biological concrete suggests an analogy from a particular visualization of the chromatographies and photopolymer plates.Keywords: Metamethod; art-science; light; color; SUSTAINABILITY
Augmented dérive and City visualisation
Authors: Laurenzo Coronel Tomás , Baliosian de Lazzari Javier
Published: August 2016

In this paper we present an on-going research project that aims at constructing new modes of interaction with the city using poetic real-time data visualisations. The project uses a mapping device that measures and stores the intensity and direction of the signals coming from Wi-Fi routers and cellular antennae, together with two augmented reality prototypes that modify what their users see or hear. The prototypes created allow us to re-visit the city, intervening on our perception of it as well as allowing us to explore the geographical and perceptual disruption that arises when using one city’s data onto another. The project, building on theoretical works by the Situationists, proposes an alternative to traditional cartographic representation, on the understanding that effective urban data-visualisation needs to incorporate the experience of living in a city, and not purely resort to abstract representation.Keywords: AUGMENTED REALITY; NETWORK; DRIFT; HEADS-UP DISPLAY; POETICS OF SPACEAugmented dérive and City visualisationResumenEn este artículo presentamos un proyecto de investigación en marcha que pretende construir nuevos modos de interacción con la ciudad, a través de una visualización poética de datos en tiempo real. El proyecto utiliza un dispositivo de adquisición que mide y guarda la intensidad y dirección de las señales provenientes de enrutadores Wi-Fi y de antenas celulares, junto con dos prototipos de realidad aumentada que modifican lo que los usuarios ven o escuchan. Los prototipos permiten revisitar la ciudad interviniendo en nuestra percepción de ella, así como también explorar los efectos de mapear los datos de recabados en una ciudad sobre la percepción de otra.El proyecto, a partir de trabajos teóricos de los Situacionistas, propone una alternativa a la representación cartográfica tradicional, entendiendo que una visualización de datos urbanos efectiva requiere incorporar la experiencia de vivir en una ciudad, en lugar de basarse solamente en representaciones abstractas.Palabras-clave: REALIDAD AUMENTADA; RED; DERIVA; CASCO DE VISUALIZACIÓN; POÉTICA DEL ESPACIO
Development of morphological awareness through English songs: a case study
Authors: Feng Teng
Published: August 2016

The present study investigated the effects of English songs on morphological development— inflection, derivation, and compound words. Fifty Chinese EFL students were involved in this study. Two tests were administered to each learner immediately before and after the study. Results from the pre-tests revealed that all three groups with different vocabulary sizes brought some morphological knowledge to the study. The findings exhibited some evidence to support the fact that teaching through English songs can lead to the development of learner’s receptivity to morphology. However, exposure to the song was insufficient to develop productive knowledge in most of the learners. The study also revealed that groups with smaller vocabulary tended to achieve lower scores than groups with larger vocabulary. Based on these results and previous findings, pedagogical implications were made.
A contrastive pragmatic study of politeness strategies in disagreement between native speakers of English and Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Yan Chu
Published: August 2016

This paper attempts to make a contrastive cross-cultural study of a special speech act— “disagreement.” Participants are 35 American undergraduates and 42 Chinese undergraduates respectively with the data eliciting technique—DCT (discourse completion test). Findings show that Chinese undergraduates tend to use different politeness strategies according to different social distance and social power while American undergraduates prefer to use positive politeness strategy most followed by negative politeness strategy, regardless of social distance and social power. The results of the study reveal cultural differences between the U.S. and China that lead to the distribution of diverse politeness strategies and also offer insights into what Chinese EFL learners are struggling with during their development of interlanguage pragmatic competence.
Multimodal integration in the perception of press advertisements within the Dynamic Model of Meaning
Authors: Wojtaszek Adam
Published: August 2016

New conceptualizations of meaning-making stress the importance of the contextual factors and the world knowledge resources alongside the linguistic input. The way in which these factors contribute to the ultimate understanding of messages depends largely on the type of communication involved. In advertising discourse exploitation of extra-linguistic resources seems to be exceptionally high. The present paper reports on a study in which the way the textual and pictorial channels support each other in information processing was investigated. To this end eight press advertisements have been modified in such a way that the texts were separated from the pictures and presented in this way to a group of respondents, who were asked to interpret either the texts or the illustrations alone, only later to be shown the complete versions and asked once again to report on their understanding of the messages in their original versions. In the discussion reference was made to such theoretical conceptualizations as the Dynamic Model of Meaning (
Long-term effects of pneumonia in young children
Authors: Grimwood Keith , Chang Anne B
Published: August 2016

Each year an estimated 120 million episodes of pneumonia occur in children younger than 5 years of age, resulting in one million deaths globally. Within this age group the lungs are still developing by increasing alveoli numbers and airway dimensions. Pneumonia during this critical developmental period may therefore adversely affect the lung’s structure and function, with increased risk of subsequent chronic lung disease. However, there are few longitudinal studies of pneumonia in otherwise healthy children that extend into adulthood to help address this important question. Birth cohort, longitudinal, case-control and retrospective studies have reported restrictive and obstructive lung function deficits, asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In particular, severe hospitalised pneumonia had the greatest risk for long-term sequelae. Most studies, however, were limited by incomplete follow-up, some reliance upon parental recall, risk of diagnostic misclassification, and potential confounders such as nutrition, social deprivation, and pre-existing small airways or lungs. More long-term studies measuring lung function shortly after birth are needed to help disentangle the complex relationships between pneumonia and later chronic lung disease, while also addressing host responses, types of infection, and potential confounding variables. Meanwhile, parents of young children with pneumonia need to be advised about the importance of symptom resolution, post-pneumonia. In addition, paying attention to factors associated with optimising lung growth such as good nutrition, minimising exposure to air pollution, avoiding cigarette smoke, and decreasing the risk of preventable infections through good hygiene and having their children fully vaccinated should be emphasised. Finally, in the developing world and for disadvantaged communities in developed countries, public health policies leading to good quality housing and heating, hygiene, education, and improving socio-economic status are also essential.
A 3-Day-Old Girl Referred From Her Pediatrician for Oral Ulcerations
Authors: Neel Mary Lauren , Kern Jeremy , Ronis Tova
Published: August 2016

A 3-day-old girl was referred from her pediatrician for oral ulcerations. The patient was otherwise well appearing and afebrile. Her prenatal and antenatal courses were unremarkable, except for a failed routine hearing screen. The patient’s examination was notable for several yellowish ulcers on erythematous bases located on her anterior tonsillar pillars. The patient also had a right coloboma and a II/VI systolic ejection murmur. Laboratory analyses revealed a traumatic lumbar puncture with 182 000 red blood cells and 808 white blood cells, as well as a complete blood count that showed thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. During the patient’s hospitalization, she developed a new facial rash. Her physical examination findings, along with her diagnostic evaluation and hospital course, ultimately led to 2 surprising diagnoses elaborated on in this case discussion.
Reciprocal Regulation of 11β-HSDs May Predict Steroid Sensitivity in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Sai Shuji , Yamamoto Masaki , Yamaguchi Rie , Chapman Karen E. , Hongo Teruaki
Published: August 2016

Childhood nephrotic syndrome, in which steroid-dependence occurs concurrently with steroid-resistance, requires aggressive therapy to prevent relapse. Predictive biomarkers that can be used to stratify treatment are urgently needed. Here we report that reciprocal regulation of the glucocorticoid metabolizing enzymes, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2, is associated with steroid-responsiveness and disease remission in childhood nephrotic syndrome, potentially providing a marker to identify patients in which aggressive therapy is required.
Guest Editorial: Challenges in Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Kahan Thomas ,   Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital Corporation, Stockholm, Sweden
Published: August 2016

Hypertension is the major risk factor for disease and premature death. Although the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy is undisputed, few patients reach target blood pressure. Steps to improve treatment and control include assessment of global cardiovascular risk for the individual patient, improving caregiver support, education and organisation, increasing treatment persistence, using out of office blood pressure monitoring more often, detecting secondary hypertension forms, and referring patients with remaining uncontrolled hypertension to a specialist hypertension centre. In conclusion, there is room for improvement of blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. The clinical benefit of improved blood pressure control may be considerable. This may be particularly true for patients with resistant hypertension.
Role Of The Thyroid System In The Dynamic Complex Network Of Cardioprotection
Authors: Pingitore Alessandro , Iervasi Giorgio , Forini Francesca ,   Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy,   Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy,   Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
Published: August 2016

Cardioprotection is a common goal of new therapeutic strategies in patients with coronary artery disease and/or left ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial damage following ischaemia/reperfusion injury lead to left ventricular adverse remodelling through many mechanisms arising from different cell types in different myocardial districts, namely the border and remote zone. Cardioprotection must face this complex, dynamic network of cooperating units. In this scenario, thyroid hormones can represent an effective therapeutic strategy due to the numerous actions and regulating mechanisms carried out at the level of the myocytes, interstitium and the vasculature, as well as to the activation of different pro-survival intracellular pathways involved in cardioprotection.
A hazai Felső-Tisza-vidék fehérfűz ligetei (Leucojo aestivi-Salicetum albae KEVEY in BORHIDI et KEVEY 1996)
Authors: Kevey Balázs , Barna Csilla
Published: August 2016

Jelen tanulmány a Magyarország északkeleti részén levő Tisza-ártér fehérfűz ligeteinek (Leucojo aestivi-Salicetum albae) társulási viszonyait mutatja be 25 cönológiai felvétel alapján. Iszapos alapkőzeten és nyers öntéstalajon kialakult állományaik az alacsony ártér viszonylag mélyebb szintjeit foglalják el. Faji összetételükkel és fejletlen cserjeszintjükkel jól elkülöníthetők a mintegy 1-1,5 m-rel magasabban fekvő, laza és homokos talajú, valamint fejlett cserjeszintű fehérnyár ligetektől (Senecioni sarracenici-Populetum albae). Aljnövényzetükben egyes – részben szubmontán jellegű – növények is megjelenhetnek, amelyek az Alföld egyéb tájain ritkák, vagy teljesen hiányoznak: Cardamine amara, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardaminopsis arenosa, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex remota, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Leucanthemella serotina, Leucojum aestivum, Oenanthe banatica, Scrophularia scopolii, Telekia speciosa, Vitis sylvestris. Az asszociáció a szüntaxonómiai rendszer „Salicenion albae-fragilis Kevey 2008” alcsoportjába helyezhető.
Az Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó újrafelfedezése a Keszthelyi-hegységben
Authors: Óvári Miklós
Published: August 2016

A hazai orchideaflóra egyik ritka, védett és veszélyeztetett képviselője az Orchis mascula subsp. signifera, amelynek 2015-ben egy négy évtizeddel korábbi, példánnyal dokumentált (Gotthárd Dénes, 1976) előfordulását sikerült újra megerősíteni a Keszthelyi-hegységben. A tárgyalt lelőhely a taxon magyarországi elterjedésének szélén helyezkedik el. A közlemény bemutatja a lelőhely aktuális termőhelyi viszonyait és veszélyeztető tényezőit.