bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of congenital heart disease at high altitudes in Tibet
Authors: Chun Hua , Yue Yan , Wang Yibin , Dawa Zhaxi , Zhen Pu , La Qu , Zong Yang , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi
Published: November 2018

Background

Previous small sample studies suggested that elevated altitudes might be associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether high altitudes (over 3000 m above sea level) are related to congenital heart disease. We therefore explored the prevalence of congenital heart disease in a large cohort of students in the world's largest prefecture-level city with the highest altitude.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 84,302 student participants (boys 52.12%, girls 47.88%, with an average age of 10.62 ± 3.33 years). Data were extracted from the screening results among different altitude area schools in Nagqu from June 2016 to August 2017. Students were first screened by performing a physical examination consisting of cardiac auscultations and clinical manifestation screenings. An echocardiography was performed to confirm and identify the subtype of congenital heart disease.

Results

The prevalence of congenital heart disease among students in Nagqu, Tibet, was 5.21‰ (439 cases). The most common congenital heart disease type was patent ductus arteriosus, representing 66.3% of congenital heart diseases diagnosed in this study, followed by atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, representing 20.3% and 9.1% of congenital heart diseases, respectively. Students living in higher altitudes were significantly more prone to have congenital heart disease than students in locations with lower altitudes. The prevalence of congenital heart disease in girls was found to be higher than that of boys.

Conclusions

The correlation between congenital heart disease and increased altitude is noteworthy. This study's results are the first big data epidemiological investigation to confirm that high altitude is a significant environmental risk factor for congenital heart disease, especially patent ductus arteriosus. Furthermore, the results provide additional support to make a diagnostic and treatment plan to prevent congenital heart disease in high altitude areas.
TCS Share Buyback
Authors: Ahluwalia Jyoti , Mahendru Mandeep
Published: November 2018

This case discusses the share buyback announcement by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) during February 2017 when its Chairman N Chandrasekaran was appointed as the Chairman of Tata Sons after Tata Sons had ousted its former Chairman, Cyrus Mistry. The case highlights the reasons why companies may opt for share buyback, what is the role of the tax laws of the country towards these decisions and whether such decisions are beneficial for the company, the investors or the promoters. The case considers impact of aspects such as employee training and investments in innovation on the buyback decisions and also brings an international perspective with regard to how buybacks have fared in the US during the past decade.
Book Review: Himanshu Roy, Mahendra Prasad Singh and A. P. S. Chauhan (eds.), State Politics in India
Authors: Harriss John
Published: November 2018

Himanshu Roy, Mahendra Prasad Singh and A. P. S. Chauhan (eds.), State Politics in India. New Delhi: Primus Books. 2017. 931 pages. ₹2095.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Postoperative Pain Management by Nurses in Selected District Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Menlah Awube , Garti Isabella , Amoo Sarah Ama , Atakro Confidence Alorse , Amponsah Caleb , Agyare Dorcas Frempomaa
Published: November 2018

Introduction

There is documented evidence pointing to the fact that there are numerous challenges with postoperative pain (POP) management globally. However, these challenges with POP management are more profound in developing countries.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses concerning POP management in four selected district hospitals in Ghana.

Methodology

A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was employed to evaluate nurse's knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to POP management. Multistaged sampling was used to draw the respondents. An adapted version of the Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain instrument was used to test the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses and midwives. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in order to present quantitative descriptions of variables in this study.

Results

This study showed that nurses in the four district hospitals had knowledge deficits regarding POP management. Eighty-one representing 48% of nurses had low knowledge on POP management. An overwhelming majority of nurses (97.6%) relied on routinely rendered basic nursing skills to relieve POP and a few used pharmacological interventions. However, nurses had good attitudes toward POP management.

Conclusions

POP is ineffectively managed by nurses in district hospitals in Ghana. Nurses and midwives in Ghana need to adhere to best practices in POP management by increasing their theoretical and practical knowledge, so that there will be tangible positive change in POP management in Ghana.

Recommendations

Nurses must be empowered through continuous development programs to keep abreast with changing trends that pertain to POP management.
Associations of Demographic Factors and Tobacco Use With Progesterone and Estradiol During Pregnancy
Authors: Ashford Kristin , Rayens Emily , Wiggins Amanda T. , Kay Rayens Mary , Sayre Molly Malany , O’Brien John
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the association of biochemically validated prenatal tobacco use with serum progesterone and estradiol in the second trimester of pregnancy, controlling for demographic and personal factors.

Study design

This secondary analysis of a multicenter longitudinal study included 114 women with singleton pregnancies. Multiple regression analysis assessed whether prenatal tobacco use was related to hormone levels during the second trimester, controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity, with gestational age added to subsequent models).

Result

In the initial regressions, tobacco users had significantly lower progesterone level compared with nonsmokers ( p = .037), while estradiol was unrelated to prenatal tobacco use. Women with greater body mass index also had significantly lower progesterone ( p = .028), but body mass index was unrelated to estradiol. With gestational age as an additional covariate, prenatal tobacco use was no longer a significant predictor of progesterone, but both body mass index and gestational age were significant ( F = 10.6, p < .001, R2 = 0.35). For estradiol, the overall regression of estradiol on age, body mass index, and race or ethnicity was not significant ( F = 1.2, p = .31). With gestational age added to the model, the overall model was significant ( F = 7.2, p < .001, R2 = 0.27).

Conclusion

This study provides additional evidence that prenatal tobacco use may influence lower serum progesterone during the second trimester. This is of particular concern given the link between depressed progesterone activity and risk for preterm birth.
Epigenetics, chromatin and brain development and function
Authors: Isles Anthony R.
Published: November 2018

Research investigating epigenetics and chromatin function in brain and behaviour has mushroomed over the last two decades. And yet epigenetics as a biological concept predates the discovery in the 1950s of DNA as the principle mode of inheritance by over a decade. This review explores the past, present and future research into epigenetics as it relates to understanding brain development and function
Neighborhood formation in St. Louis, 1930
Authors: Logan John R , Graziul Chris , Frey Nathan
Published: November 2018

What are the social bases of neighborhood formation in urban areas, and at what spatial scale are they most distinct from other neighborhoods? We address these questions in the case of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1930, where we can take advantage of unique geocoded census microdata on the whole population of the city that identifies who, with what background characteristics, lived where. Our analyses show that homophily by race and ethnicity was by far the strongest factor linking characteristics of persons to the composition of their neighbors. Measures of social class also were quite important, while the person’s nativity and family status were statistically significant but minor predictors. Yet while this hierarchy of social factors held for the population as a whole, their relative importance varied greatly across racial/ethnic groups. Similarity in social class to neighbors was most important for native whites, nativity counted as much or more than class for recently arriving immigrant groups including Russians, Italians, and Poles, and race/ethnicity was by far the key predictor for these groups and blacks. We also found that these patterns of homophily were clearest at the scale of individual street segment and first-order combinations of segments. They were similar but less distinct at a larger spatial scale.
Research-to-Resource: Developing a Culturally Responsive Mind-Set in Elementary General Music
Authors: Kelly-McHale Jacqueline
Published: November 2018

The terms culturally responsive teaching and culturally responsive pedagogy have become more common in the vernacular of public-school teaching. However, practical applications of cultural responsivity are not often clearly presented due to the nature of being responsive. Responsivity requires knowledge of students and community (context) specific to each teaching context. Content and materials should then be derived from the development of the contextual understanding. This is why presenting a tool box of culturally responsive practices is not possible when seeking to become more culturally responsive in the classroom. This article seeks to situate cultural responsivity as a mind-set as opposed to an approach or method within the elementary general music classroom. Practical steps that can be taken toward the development of this mind-set are then presented with a focus on context and content.
Association of low income with pulmonary disease progression in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lowe Katherine E. , Make Barry J. , Crapo James D. , Kinney Gregory L. , Hokanson John E. , Kim Victor , Iyer Anand S. , Bhatt Surya P. , Hoth Karin F. , Holm Kristen E. , Wise Robert , DeMeo Dawn , Foreman Marilyn G. , Stone Thomas J. , Regan Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2018

Low socioeconomic status has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but little is known about its impact on disease progression. We assessed the association of income to symptoms, pulmonary disease severity and progression in smokers with and without COPD.

The COPDGene cohort of 4826 smokers who reported annual income in phase 2 was analysed. Those who reported annual income <USD 15 000 per year were “low-income” and the remainder “higher income”. Baseline demographics, symptoms, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and 5-year change in spirometry and CT metrics were characterised by group.

The low income group was younger (55.7versus61.7, p<0.0001), had more current smokers (73%versus36%, p<0.0001), higher rates of severe exacerbations (13%versus7%, p<0.0001), more chronic bronchitis (22%versus14%, p<0.0001), reduced access to preventative care and lower quality of life, but less emphysema (4.7%versus6.2%, p<0.0001). After 5 years the low-income group had more smoking-related disease progression, without significant change in exacerbations or symptoms, than higher-income subjects. Low income was an independent predictor of decreasing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p=0.001) and increased airway disease (p=0.007) after adjusting for baseline FEV1, age, sex, race, exposures and current smoking.

Income disparity beyond the effects of race and current smoking is an important factor for disease progression. Worldwide, poverty and its consequences: associated respiratory exposures, limited healthcare access, and inadequate education about smoking risks, may exacerbate chronic lung disease.
Bring on the Machines: Could Machine Learning Improve the Quality of Patient Education Materials? A Systematic Search and Rapid Review
Authors: Saunders Catherine H. , Petersen Curtis L. , Durand Marie-Anne , Bagley Pamela J. , Elwyn Glyn
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Clear and trustworthy information is essential for people who are ill. People with cancer, in particular, are targeted with vast quantities of patient education material, but of variable quality. Machine learning technologies are popular across industries for automated tasks, like analyzing language and spotting readability issues. With the experience of patients with cancer in mind, we reviewed whether anyone has proposed, modeled, or applied machine learning technologies for the assessment of patient education materials and explored the utility of this application.

Methods

We systematically searched the literature to identify English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals or as conference abstracts that proposed, used, or modeled the use of machine learning technology to assess patient education materials. Specifically, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Compendex. Two reviewers assessed study eligibility and performed study screening.

Results

We identified 1,570 publications in our search after duplicate removal. After screening, we included five projects (detailed in nine articles) that proposed, modeled, or used machine learning technology to assess the quality of patient education materials. We evaluated the utility of each application across four domains: multidimensionality (2 of 5 applications), patient centeredness (1 of 5 applications), customizability (0 of 5 applications), and development stage (theoretical, 1 of 5 applications; in development, 3 of 5 applications; complete and available, 1 of 5 applications). Combining points across each domain, the mean utlity score across included projects was 1.8 of 5 possible points.

Conclusion

Given its potential, machine learning has not yet been leveraged substantially in the assessment of patient education materials. We propose machine learning systems that can dynamically identify problematic language and content by assessing the quality of patient education materials across a range of flexible, customizable criteria. Assessment may help patients and families decide which materials to use and encourage developers to improve materials overall.
Imaging features of thalassaemia
Authors: Gosein Maria , Maharaj Paramanand , Balkaransingh Pauline , Banfield Renee , Greene Camille , Latchman Sunil , Sinanan Alexander
Published: November 2018

This article highlights the range of osseous findings that can be encountered as well as the imaging features of extramedullary haematopoiesis. As iron overload remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these disorders, we also discuss the MRI evaluation of hepatic and cardiac hemosiderosis, to aid in the optimization of iron chelation therapy. Future imaging use will be dictated by evolving clinical needs, such as in screening for emerging morbidities, including hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Postcolonial Jew in Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay and Caryl Phillips’ The Nature of Blood
Authors: Rosenberg Beth
Published: November 2018

Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay (1988) and Caryl Phillips’ The Nature of Blood (1997) are novels that feature Jewish protagonists; both represent the history of the Holocaust and diverge from the postcolonial landscapes the authors are associated with. Though the Indian Desai and the Anglo-Caribbean Phillips are distinct as postcolonial subjects, their Jewish protagonists help to create what Rebecca Walkowitz terms “comparison literature,” the “work of books that analyse… the transnational contexts of their own production, circulation, and study.” In other words, Desai and Phillips are interested in the structures and dynamics of ethnic identification in a global context. Through what I term the postcolonial Jew, these novels move beyond the notion of ethnic authenticity to a cosmopolitan view of identity as hybrid and positional. The authenticity of and in these novels does not rely on the authors’ ethnic backgrounds, but is found in their ways of telling history. Their intention is to break from the traditional association of Jews with the Judeo-Christian tradition, to represent them instead as separate from the Occidental tradition. As a result, Desai and Phillips utilise a decentred Jew, one who is constantly in flux, disparate, conflicted, and the embodiment of diaspora. The existential condition of this Jew —the placeless place he is called upon to inhabit, which the reader is invited to visit— and the paradoxical states of belonging and displacement become the conditions of all displaced others and represent the constant deferral of meaning in the narrative act.
Situating Cypriot Anglophone Literature
Authors: Vasiliou Marios
Published: November 2018

This paper situates Cypriot Anglophone literature in relation to local and international literary categories. Discussing Cypriot Anglophone literature, it draws on Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of ‘minor’ literature that minorities construct within major languages. Cypriot Anglophone literature expresses itself in ways characteristic of ‘minor’ literature because it explores deterritorialisation with regard both to local cultural practices and the island’s English literary legacy. While official nationalist discourses on the island marginalise discourses that question nostalgia for ethnic purity and sexual heteronormativity, Cypriot Anglophone literature re-imagines communities beyond ethnic lines and across heteronormal sexual boundaries, enacting an experimental cosmopolitan aesthetic.
“Though it be not written down, yet forget not”: Cultural Amnesia in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Findlay Alison
Published: November 2018

No abstract (available).
Beyond Hybridity and Authenticity: Globalisation, Translation and the Cosmopolitan Turn in the Social Sciences
Authors: Bielsa Esperança
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on current debates on the role of translation in the context of globalisation and, more specifically, on its prominence in theories of contemporary cosmopolitanism. Whereas globalisation theory was predominantly silent about the role of translation in making possible the flow of information worldwide, assuming instant communicability and transparency, translation has assumed a central importance in recent accounts of cosmopolitanism which focus on global interdependence, the negotiation of difference and the notion of multiple modernities. It is argued that such a concept of multiple modernities allows us to shift the emphasis away from notions of hybridity and authenticity and to stress the degree of interaction between different cultural traditions. A concept of translation becomes key in analysing the form in which these interactions take place and in specifying a notion of cosmopolitanism as internalisation of the other. The article finally discusses current debates on the transformation of citizenship as an instance of cosmopolitan processes of translation and internalisation of otherness.
Eliminating malaria by 2040 among agricultural households in Africa: potential impact on health, labor productivity, education and gender equality
Authors: Willis Derek W. , Hamon Nick
Published: November 2018

Background: Ambitious goals have been set to eradicate malaria by the year 2040. Given the high poverty levels and the intense levels of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, suppressing malaria in rural agricultural communities in these regions will be one of the greatest challenges to achieving malaria eradication. This study has two objectives. The first is to estimate how eradicating malaria by 2040 would affect agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa. The second is to identify where additional research is needed to develop better estimates of how eradicating malaria by 2040 would affect those households.

Methods: Using agricultural census data and malaria morbidity data, we developed estimates of the number of malaria cases in 2018 among agricultural households with fewer than 10 hectares of land for 35 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By combining these estimates with additional evidence from the literature, we analyzed how achieving malaria eradication by 2040 would affect indicators related to four Sustainable Development Goals: health, poverty, education and gender equality.

Results: Our analysis found that achieving malaria eradication by 2040 would prevent approximately 841 million cases of malaria and thereby decrease the number of lost workdays among agricultural households by approximately 3.2 billion days. Eradicating malaria by 2040 would also increase the number of school days attended by children by 1.5 billion days while also reducing the number of caregiving days provided by women for malaria cases by approximately 1.1 billion days.

Conclusions: This article analyzes the impact of eradicating malaria among agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa using indicators related to four of the Sustainable Development Goals. Enhanced data collection efforts related to these four indicators would facilitate more rigorous estimates of how eradicating malaria would affect these indicators over the next two decades.
Believe It or Not: On Multiplying Classes of Belief-like States
Authors: Thompson James Robert
Published: November 2018

This paper explores whether it is justified to add any new taxa concerning informational states to our psychological taxonomy. Such exploration will not lead to a straightforward decision between remaining steadfast with the taxonomic status quo and adding only one new taxon. A careful analysis of when one would be warranted in positing a new taxon for informational states will reveal similarly compelling reasons to posit all sorts of additional taxa. As an antidote to such proliferation, I suggest a reinforcement of traditional taxonomies of the mental by allowing belief and a range of extant taxa to play their requisite explanatory roles, thereby obviating the need for the postulation of any novel taxa.
As a therapist, how should I grieve after a patient's suicide?
Authors: Maddox Lucy
Published: November 2018

Lucy Maddox, consultant clinical psychologist and writer, part of the Avon Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH) committee, author of Blueprint: how our childhood makes us who we are.
Communication breakdown in healthcare settings
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses a report by NHS Improvement, the patient safety initiative group, on spoken communication and patient safety in the NHS
Nurse prescribing in the custodial setting
Authors: Levy Michael
Published: November 2018

Prescribing medications in the custodial environment is rewarding, but intrinsically challenging. Multiple chronic and acute illnesses co-exist for a substantial proportion of the patients. Many patients have engaged poorly with health services before entering custody. Polypharmacy and neglect are common; and there is a constant threat of contraband medications entering prison, medication hoarding, and on-distribution of prescribed medications for non-prescribed purposes.
Polycythaemia vera in cats: a patient care report
Authors: Fennell Charlotte
Published: November 2018

This report outlines a case of primary polycythaemia diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old female entire Domestic Short Hair cat following referral for a report of abnormal neurological behavioural signs. Initial work-up included inhouse blood tests, thoracic radiographs, echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasound. The only remarkable result was a packed cell volume (PCV) of 80% and total solids (TS) 8 g/dl. Therapeutic phlebotomy was performed which reduced the PCV to 62%, and TS to 5.8 g/dl. A definite diagnosis of polycythaemia vera was concluded, and long-term management included repeated phlebotomies and hydroxyurea chemotherapy.
A plea for realistic assumptions in economic modelling
Authors: Ivarola Leonardo
Published: November 2018

The use of unrealistic assumptions in Economics is usually defended not only for pragmatic reasons, but also because of the intrinsic difficulties in determining the degree of realism of assumptions. Additionally, the criterion used for evaluating economic models is associated with their ability to provide accurate predictions. This mode of thought involves –at least implicitly– a commitment to the existence of unvarying invariant factors or regularities. Contrary to this, the present paper presents a critique to the use of invariant knowledge in economics. One reason for this analysis lies in the fact that economic phenomena are not compatible with the logic of invariance, but with the logic of "possibility trees" or "open-ended results". The other reason is that the use of invariant knowledge may entail both external validity problems and negative exposures to a "black swan". Alternatively, an approach where models are understood as possible scenarios is proposed. It is argued that the realism of (substantive) assumptions is crucial here, since it helps to ascertain the degree of resemblance between the different models and the target system.
A gödeli monadológia (második rész)
Authors: Moldvay Tamás
Published: November 2018

Kurt Gödel életében a nem-teljességi tételei közreadása után két nevezetes esemény történik: paranoiássá válik, és elkötelezi magát a leibnizi monadológia mellett. „Az elméletem monadológia, benne egy központi monásszal (Istennel). Általános struktúráját tekintve olyan, mint Leibniz monadológiája”, nyilatkozza Gödel a 70-es években, néhány évvel a halála előtt. A paranoiás Gödel ugyanakkor egész életében retteg a rossz aknamunkájától és menekül az ördög elől – a lehetséges világok legjobbikában, Leibniz monadikus univerzumában. A jelen esszé ebben a feszültségi térben kalandozva szegez alapvető rendszertani kérdéseket mind a leibnizi, mind a gödeli monadológiának.
The Discourse on Humour in the Romanian Press between 1948-1965
Authors: Ignat Eugen
Published: November 2018

To download a copy of this article, click here.
This paper analyses the Romanian official discourse on humour, reflected in the press, between 1948-1965. My analysis distinguishes between three different phases, each proposing a distinct type of humour: the period between 1948-1853, emphasizing satirical comedy as a way of criticizing negative phenomena in society; the transitional period, between 1953-1955 in which the official discourse seems to abandon the stress upon satirical comedy and moves towards one which emphasizes the need to create strong positive characters; and the period between 1956-1965, whose discourse on humour blends together optimistic comedy, centred around positive characters characteristic for the new society, with a benevolent kind of satire.
Pengaruh Penambahan Polivinil Alkohol pada Biomassa Tongkol Jagung-Bulu Ayam sebagai Adsorben Campuran Ion Logam Timbal (Pb2+) dan Ion Logam Krom Total
Authors: Elqudsy Aulannisa , Hastuti Rum , Widodo Didik Setiyo
Published: November 2018

Penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan polivinil alkohol (PVA) pada biomassa tongkol jagung-bulu ayam untuk adsorben campuran ion timbal (Pb2+) dan ion krom total telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan adsorben tongkol jagung-bulu ayam yang terikat silang (A1) dan adsorben tongkol jagung bulu ayam-PVA (A2), memperoleh data karakter menggunakan FTIR dan BET serta mendapatkan data efektivitas adsorben dalam menyerap campuran ion Pb2+ dan ion krom total. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu pembuatan adsorben A1, pembuatan adsorben A2, karakerisasi menggunakan FTIR dan BET. Selanjutnya adsorben A1 dan A2 digunakan untuk penyerapan campuran ion logam Pb2+ dan ion logam krom total dengan variasi waktu kontak dan konsentrasi. Data FTIR menunjukkan bahwa adsorben A1 mempunyai gugus OH yang lebih banyak dibandingkan A2. Hasil analisis BET menunjukkan adsorben A2 mengalami penurunan luas permukaan dan total volume pori sebesar 39,83% dan 21,95% serta peningkatan rata-rata ukuran pori sebesar 30,12%. Daya adsorpsi adsorben A1 adalah sebesar 5,22 x 10-5 mol/g untuk Pb2+ dan 1,05 x 10-4 mol/g untuk ion logam krom total, sedangkan oleh adsorben A2 adalah sebesar 4,10x 10-5 mol/g untuk Pb2+ dan 7,77 x 10-5 mol/g untuk ion logam krom total. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa adsorben A2 mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi ion logam yang lebih baik dibandingkan adsorben A1.
Electrosynthesis of α-Fe2O3 in a Fe(s)|KCl(aq)||H2O(aq)|C(s) System
Authors: Siskawati Nia , Widodo Didik Setiyo , Rahmanto Wasino Hadi , Suyati Linda
Published: November 2018

Research on α-Fe2O3 electrosynthesis has been performed in the system Fe(s)|KCl(aq)||H2O(aq)|C(s). Electrolysis produces a reduction and oxidation reaction so that it requires a proper electrolyte concentration in the process. The purpose of this study was to obtain α-Fe2O3 compounds, determine the products produced by FTIR and XRD, and determine the size of the grains of products with PSA. Electrolysis method of two compartment was used in this research. The cathode and anode compartments was connected with the salt bridge. In anode chamber containing electrolyte solution KCl was varied (0,2 M; 0,3 M; 0,4 M; 0,5 M and 0,6 M) whereas at cathode space there was aquades. Electrolysis was run at 12 V for 8 hours. The electrolysis result was then calcined for two hours at a temperature of 500°C. The resulting product was then characterized by (FTIR, XRD, and PSA). The resulting product is then characterized by (FTIR, XRD, and PSA). The results showed that brown ferrihydrite was obtained in a concentration of 0.2 M; 0.3 M; 0.4 M; 0.5 M and 0.6 M were 21.6 mg; 24.1 mg; 34.5 mg; 39.4 mg and 62.4 mg respectively. Ferrihydrite produced from electrolysis of KCl 0.4 M concentration was dark red The XRD results show the presence of α-Fe2O3 and PSA results show that the α-Fe2O3 particle size is 151.57-171.25 nm.
Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) and Antioxidant Tests with DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Method
Authors: Elvira Kautsar , Fachriyah Enny , Kusrini Dewi
Published: November 2018

The research had been conducted of the isolation of flavonoid compounds from water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) and antioxidant activity test by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. This research starts from maceration of water hyacinth with ethanol solvent. Ethanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl. Flavonoid separation is carried out by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The obtained isolates were analyzed by UV vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH method. Flavonoid isolates were obtained as heavy as 4.5 mg (0.006%). The results of the analysis of flavonoid isolates A4a with UV vis spectrophotometer appear at a wavelength of 368 nm (band I) and 260 nm (band II). The results of the analysis with FTIR shown that the isolates had functional groups O-H, aliphatic C-H, CH3, C =O, aromatic C = C, and C-O ether, it was suspected that flavonoid isolates had a basic structure of quercetin 7-methyl ether compounds. The results of antioxidant activity test of flavonoid isolates shown IC50 price of 254.66 mg / L
Cassava Skin Usage (Manihot esculenta L.) as Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue in the River of Textile Industrial Zone
Authors: Ellyana Kharisma Madda , Rahayu Kharisma Luthfiaratri , Febriastuti Ratri , Haris Abdul
Published: November 2018

The progress of the textile industry can increase the amount of dyestuff waste, but often waste disposal is overlooked. The purpose of this research is to provide solution in handling river water pollution by textile industry dye waste. The degradation of textile industry dye waste can be done with TiO2 semiconductors with UV light as a source of irradiation, but only 5% of sunlight can be utilized TiO2 to excite its electrons, so degradation process is not effective. It needs a material that can optimize the activity of TiO2 semiconductor, one of them C-dot coming from cassava skin. The results obtained in this research were TiO2/C-dot composite which could degrade methylene blue where its effectiveness was tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. TiO2/C-dot photocatalyst activity test for methylene blue 0.0001 M showed that the concentration of 20% with the amount of degradation up to 96,99%, best type of rays was sunshine with amount of degradation up to 66,25% and longest radiation in sunshine with the amount of degradation was up to 78.77% and UV with the amount of degradation up to 75.99%.
Language of the Sea: Ideologies within Kabar Dari Laut by Chairil Anwar
Authors: Jumanto Jumanto
Published: November 2018

This research paper explores ideologies contained in the 1946 poem Kabar Dari Laut by Chairil Anwar. The main words Kabarand Lautare central in this poem. This interpretive exploration tries to find out the ideologies contained in the phrase Kabar(literally means news, however,italso rather to say story) and the ideology in the scripture of laut[the sea] and how the two sets of expressions speak out the restlessness of the noted poet Chairil Anwar. The research findings have shown that the news and the sea have been used by the frustrated author to speak out his regret, awareness, and hatred due to his broken-hearted soul upon his ex-lover in the past. The findings also show that the sea signifies the author’s small self to face and live in this abundant life (the sea). His hatred towards his ex-lover has remained sad memories and bad realities which the author bears in his time while he is writing the poem.
What Are the Reactivities of Coronary Arteries Harvested from the Hearts Exposed to Cold Ischemic Preservation?
Authors: Arslan Caner , Özyazgan Sibel , Beşirli Kazım , Cantürk Emir , Şirin Gökçe , Bozkurt Kürşat , Akkan Gökhan
Published: November 2018

This study was designed to determine the effects of pretransplant ischemic hypothermic period on reactivities of major coronary arteries. Eleven pigs were used. Right, left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries harvested from 6 pigs following single dose of cardioplegia and cardiectomy. The same procedures were performed in 5 pigs after 6 hours static 4 °C hypothermic preservation of the hearts. Strips prepared from these 3 coronary arteries were placed in organ chambers and contractions with acetylcholine and histamine and KCL and dilatations with noradrenaline following submaximal contractions with acetylcholine and histamine were documented. There was no statistically significant difference between results taken from both groups. The pretransplant period (until 6 hours) does not cause important differences on the reactivities of coronary arteries.
The Impairment of Gastroduodenal Mucosal Barrier by Coffee
Authors: Cibičková Ľubica , Cibiček Norbert , Žďánský Petr , Kohout Pavel
Published: November 2018

Background: Even though coffee is not considered to be responsible for development of peptic ulcer, it may, however, prolong its healing by increasing acidity of gastric content. In our former work we observed a profound increase in sucrose permeability (above normal values) in healthy volunteers regularly drinking coffee for years. In literature, many factors affecting sucrose permeability have been described so far. None of them, however, studied the effect of coffee. Subjects, materials and methods: 10 young asymptomatic habitual coffee drinkers were included in the study. The probands underwent SaLM test twice – first time without coffee restriction and second time after 48–hour coffee abstinence. The ingested SaLM solution comprised sucrose (25.0 g), lactulose (10.0 g), mannitol (2.0 g), xylose (2.0 g) and water (up to 100 ml). Urine was collected for five hours and the samples were analysed using gas chromatography. Results were compared with those of 8 young healthy volunteers not drinking coffee. Permeability for sucrose was significantly higher in the group of habitual coffee drinkers in comparison with non-coffee drinkers (p<0.01). After 48-hour coffee abstinence sucrose excretion decreased significantly (p<0.05) to a level not differing from that of non-coffee drinkers (p=0.54). Conclusions: Our results indicate that coffee may damage gastroduodenal mucosa in habitual coffee drinkers. In a time period of 48 hours the gastroduodenal mucosa is capable of a significant regeneration.
Acute Stomach Volvulus – Case Report
Authors: Hladík Pavel , Čáp Robert , Holeček Tomáš
Published: November 2018

Stomach volvulus in its acute form is a serious sudden disorder in the abdominal cavity. The case of stomach
volvulus, that had been successfully surgically solved, is described in the presented paper. Even though the volvulus was
not caused by the hiatus hernia, the antireflux fundoplication according to Nissen–Rossetti was performed besides the
frontal gastropexy.
Standardisation in Ultrasonography: Principle and Diagnostic Significance
Authors: Hlinomazová Zuzana , Hrazdira Ivo
Published: November 2018

Disadvantage of ultrasonography is its dependence on subjective assessment of displayed images. The way how to minimize both intraobserver and interobserver differences is creation of standard conditions for examination including a quantitative approach to evaluation of tissue reflectivity. The oldest mode of standardisation is standardised A- scan, used in ophthalmology. It enables differentiation of echoes, reflected from different ocular structures and is helpful in assessment of extraocular muscle thickness. Standardisation of B- scan depends on the type of diagnostic device and is based on quantification of image echogenicity. In our study reference values of grey-level histogram were established for some thyroid diseases using standard setting of imaging parameters. Results indicate that both standardised A- and B- scan should be helpful in differential diagnostics.
Rainer Maria Rilke i jego „słowiańska dusza”. Praga jako rodzime miasto poety na drodze ku odnalezieniu samego siebie w swej „prawdziwej ojczyźnie” – Rosji
Authors: Wawrzynek Karin
Published: November 2018

This article refers to the inner feelings of Rainer Maria Rilke, who is one of the most outstanding poets and prose writers of German modernism. It attempts to show Rilke’s Slavonic soul and investigates his poetry in order to find out how he tried to discover himself and find his true homeland in Russia by beginning his journey of self-discovery in his hometown, Prague.
Украина начала XX века глазами Константина Паустов- ского
Authors: Bortnowski Antoni
Published: November 2018

The beginning of 20th century was a very complicated period in the history of the Ukrainian territories. Konstantin Paustovsky spent his youth in the southern part of the Russian Empire and could observe all the historical processes happening to his country. In his autobiography Story of a life Paustovsky presents a very interesting view of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century and during the Russian Civil War. The author of this article analyzes Paustovsky’s perception of Ukraine and tries to give an answer to the question of how a descendant of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Polish intellectuals could become a Russian patriot.
Русские свадебные приговоры: несколько замечаний о специфике бытования обрядового текста в необрядовой ситуации
Authors: Крашенинникова Юлия
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of situating and performing ceremonial texts in non-ceremonial situations and is based on material from wedding speeches made in 1986–2006 in the local tradition of the Vilegodsky district in the Arkhangelsk region. An analysis of texts from the ceremonial genre performed in non-ceremonial situations allows the description of some mechanisms by which a folklore work in different speech situations is born, as well as masterly performance and strategies used by grooms  in wedding speeches at the collector’s request (in situations “outside the ceremony”).  It enables us to speak about text commonality in repeat performances, and also the correlation of collective and individual, traditional and improvisational in ceremonial texts learned and performed in various situations. Comparing the records of wedding speeches divided into different temporary intervals provides an informative and productive discussion  of the problem of specifics in folklore memory and the competence of the performer, mechanisms for memorizing, reproducing, and also the peculiarities of texts with  a tendency towards improvisation.
Teatr i dramat rosyjski w polskich badaniach rusycystycznych
Authors: Piłat Walenty
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes Polish studies of the Russian theater and drama of the first half of the twentieth century in the context of the Great Theater Reform, written by Katarzyna Osińska, Jadwiga Gracla, Halina Mazurek, Ludwika Mięsowska, and others. It is pointed out that the critical works of these Polish scholars bring many important conclusions concerning contemporary dramatic literature in Russia. In the past drama as a literary genre did not attract much attention from Polish Russian scholars, although in recent years the situation has changed. More and more valuable dissertations are being published on this subject.
Между историей и философией. Поэтика романа „Чапаев и Пустота” Виктора Пелевина
Authors: Chudzińska-Parkosadze Anna
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on the concept of a dualistic model of the world perception in the novel Chapayev and Void by Victor Pelevin. The model represents the contrast to the notion of alchemic union that stands for the ideal pattern, which cannot be realized in Russian reality. So dualism meant as a division and separation between heroes, who cannot understand each other, concerns also the division between East and West in the historical, philosophical and cultural perspective. However, the main division, which is superior upon the others, is the dualism of reality and consciousness that in the novel transforms to the universal category. The only possible escape from this dysfunctional realm is spiritual illumination.
К вопросу о соотношении категорий „дейктичность” и „фасадность”
Authors: Горбунова Людмила
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with the categories spatial deixis, observer, front. We distinguish two types of observer: Observer-speaker and Collective observer. Collective Observer is a necessary semantic category to understand the meanings of some linguistic units adequately. These units reflect the language community's understanding of what kind of orientation towards a particular object should be regarded as standard. Using language tools with locative semantics, the speaker applies different spatial strategies.  The category of observer is required for all of these.
О некоторых аспектах проприальной интертекстуализации в свете новейших исследований
Authors: Hrynkiewicz-Adamskich Bożena
Published: November 2018

A new perspective in research on proper names has appeared recently.  A proper name is now treated as a text unit. The article discusses intertextual relations between different classes of onyms and some extralinguistic aspects of proprial intertextualisation.
Инокультурные антропонимы в процессе русско-польского перевода в контексте индивидуального переводческого подхода
Authors: Jóźwiak Jolanta
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with the problem of rendering personal names from foreign cultures into Russian and Polish. An individual approach is required from the translator in every separate case because of the distinctions in the perception of these culturally-determined elements. There are many situations when the modification of standard translation procedures is required, particularly when the unit is used in an unusual function. Irrespective of the orientation to form or meaning, the reactions of readers and potential associations are the most important.
Święto Nocy Walpurgi jako fenomen kulturowo-literacki (na podstawie analizy porównawczej tragedii „Faust” J.W. Goethego i powieści „Mistrz i Małgorzata” M. Bułhakow
Authors: Chudzińska-Parkosadze Anna
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of Walpurgis Night in European culture and literature. The author focuses on the contradictions in the notion and images of Walpurgis Night, which emerged as a result of centuries of Catholic education in Europe. As a matter of fact, the feast named after Saint Walpurga is the pagan feast of Beltane, the scared night of love, vigor and awakening new life. Such a concept of the event is reflected in two masterpieces of world literature — Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's tragedy Faust and the novel The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov.
Wasilija Malinowskiego rozważania (nie tylko) o pokoju i wojnie (czasopismo „Осенние вечера”, 1803 r.)
Authors: Dąbrowska Magdalena
Published: November 2018

The article presents the periodical “Fall Evenings” (1803) by Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky (1765–1814) in the light of the themes (two thematic lines: political and moral), and particularly the connections (similarities and differences) with the themes of the series of sketches “A Russian in England...” and the treatise Thoughts on War and Peace.
Солипсизм в романной поэтике Виктора Пелевина
Authors: Jaworski Mateusz
Published: November 2018

The philosophical doctrine of solipsism plays an extremely significant role in Viktor Pelevin’s works as a core idea which undergoes the process of formal modifications. In this paper this process is referred to as “reconfiguration”. The article presents different representations of solipsism in Pelevin’s novels. The analysis is preceded by a brief introduction to the philosophical roots of the doctrine.
Antroponimy w nowoczesnym rosyjsko-polskim słowniku przekładowym
Authors: Gasek Bogumił
Published: November 2018

The article discusses the problem of the presentation of anthroponyms in translation dictionaries. A critical analysis is conducted using the resources included in The Great Russian-Polish Dictionary edited by “Wydawnictwo PWN”. Inaccuracies found in dictionary entries allow us to formulate some conclusions about suitable methods to present anthroponyms in a modern electronic Russian-Polish translation dictionary.
Из истории слова „гнев”
Authors: Kamalova Alla
Published: November 2018

In the article the conceptual core of the word “anger” is described in historical terms. The author examines the semantic relations of this word and its functioning within phraseological units.
Rosyjska opozycja wobec świata modernizmu
Authors: Jedliński Marek
Published: November 2018

Modernity is typically defined as a post-traditional historical period. Central to modernity is  emancipation from religion and consequent secularization. In my article I analyze and interpret the ideological foundations of contemporary Russian neo-Euroasianism. This movement is led by Alexander Dugin, an important representative of Russian traditionalism and conservatism. What he postulates is to build an ideocratic orthodox-soviet state, which should include Ukraine.