bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Sagrada Escritura en la vida de la Iglesia de América Latina y El Caribe. -La impronta bíblica del Concilio Vaticano II-
Authors: Cardona Ramírez Hernán , Montaño Vélez Carlos
Published: June 2021

En el Concilio Vaticano II, la Sagrada Escritura logró un protagonismo inusitado en la Iglesia y en la vida de los creyentes en Latinoamérica y El Caribe. ¿Cómo impactó en el Continente?, ¿cuáles fueron los efectos de la interpretación de la Biblia en la región? Un repaso de prácticas usuales llevadas a cabo antes del Concilio, cuando la Biblia se usó para legitimar el derecho a la conquista del Nuevo Mundo, como el examen de la actual diversificación hermenéutica, creadora de nuevos horizontes de lectura, permiten al lector aprehender perspectivas insospechadas, suscitadas por la apropiación de la Escritura Sagrada en la Iglesia, donde se asoman los rostros y las voces silenciadas en largos siglos de olvido. Este recorrido lleva al lector por el método de interpretación textual de los evangelizadores de varias épocas; por el acceso al texto, para su lectura e interpretación y por la teología subyacente.
Relaciones entre memoria colectiva y ciudadanía: narrar para la reparación
Authors: Guerrero Cabrera Sonia , Herrera Rodríguez Camilo
Published: June 2021

En este texto se aborda el vínculo entre la estructura narrativa de la memoria colectiva (Halbwachs, 2004b) y la dimensión hermenéutica de la ciudadanía (Valderrama, 2010), desde los hallazgos de la investigación denominada Configuraciones de memoria colectiva en participantes del Programa Prensa Escuela entre 2015 y 2019. Para estos efectos, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, de diseño de revisión documental, y se analizaron los textos de jóvenes, recopilados en la publicación anual El Taller. Se identificó que los temas desarrollados en las narraciones en los cuales se vincula la memoria colectiva y la ciudadanía son identidad y territorio, marcos comunes de pensamiento y reconstrucción del pasado. De esta manera, la narración facilita el reconocimiento de la realidad y sus problemáticas, toda vez que los jóvenes asistentes al Programa podían expresar su percepción del mundo, confrontar elementos de su entorno y darle lugar al otro. Estos textos adquieren resonancia en cuanto entra la hermenéutica a tender puentes para la comprensión del mundo y en el caso de la ciudadanía para la construcción de nuevos modos de convivir.
The impact of cash flow statement components on stock volatility: Evidence from Qatar
Authors: Kamel Al Zobi Mo’taz , Hel Al-Dhaimesh Othman
Published: June 2021

The published financial statements are considered one of the most important sources of information that investors rely on in forecasting stock performance or even judging the organization’s ability to cover short-run liabilities. Cash flows play a core role in maintaining a high market value for its shares. Hence, this study came to analyze the explanatory value of the cash flow statement in explaining stock volatility (SV) in the Qatar financial market. Study data were collected using published financial statements from a sample of 44 Qatari-listed companies throughout 2013–2019. A panel cross-sectional data technique using the E-views program was used to analyze the data. The study results show there is a positive and significant impact of cash flows from operating CFO activities on SV, indicating that the higher change in CFO increases stock volatility. This means that operating cash flows give significant information to investors, and it is reflected in the stock price movements directly. Also, the cash flow from CFF financing activities has a positive and significant effect on SV. This means that CFF affects stock prices, causing greater changes and fluctuation in stock returns. This is because one of the major components of CFF is dividends, which affect directly stock prices and stock returns. In contrast, there is an insignificant effect of CFI on SV, which may indicate that investors do not build their investment decisions based on CFI. Accordingly, the cash flow from investing activities failed to explain the stock volatility of the listed Qatari companies.
Validation of a method for in situ determination of 137Cs soil contamination density in kitchen gardens using the portable spectrometer-dosimeter MKS AT6101D
Authors: Ramzaev V. P. , Barkovsky A. N. , Bratilova A. A.
Published: June 2021

The collection of representative soil samples in the territory of settlements and subsequent measurements of the content of radionuclides in these samples under laboratory conditions (the so-called “ex situ method”) is a generally accepted technology for determining the density of soil contamination with 137Cs in the populated areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident. Recently, as a supplement or alternative to the ex situ method, researchers are developing field (in situ) gamma-spectrometry methods. These methods allow determining the density of soil contamination with 137Cs directly on site, without soil sampling and laboratory analysis. At the same time, the in situ methodology has several limitations, the most important of which is a lack of generally recognized metrological basis for measurements and interpretation of results. Hence, before using a particular technique and measuring device for carrying out large-scale in situ measurements, it is necessary to validate (to assess the suitability) of the selected in situ method using an established ex situ method. The aim of this study was to validate the method for determining the density of 137Cs soil contamination in kitchen gardens using the MKS AT6101D spectrometer-dosimeter in situ. The method was recently presented by a Russian-Swedish-Belarusian group of researchers in an article published in the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106562). To validate this method, we selected 10 representative kitchen garden plots. The plots were located in six settlements of the Bryansk region in Russia. The territory of the settlements had been heavily contaminated with 137Cs as a result of the Chernobyl accident: the officially established levels of the density of soil contamination by 137Cs ranged from 111 to 511 kBq/m2 in 2017. Field gamma-ray spectra were recorded at a height of 1 m above the ground in the center of kitchen garden plots using the MKS AT6101D device. The measurement duration was in the range of 1207–1801 s (the mean value = 1383 s). Samples of soil in the kitchen gardens were taken layer by layer (with a step of 5 cm) to a depth of 20 cm using a demountable cylindrical sampler. The 137Cs content in each soil layer was determined in the laboratory using a stationary semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The values of the 137Cs contamination density of the sampled soils ranged from 77 to 548 kBq/m2. It was found that the results of the ex situ analyzes of soil samples were in a good agreement with the contamination density values obtained with the in situ method. On average, the difference between two methodologies was 7% (a maximum of 20%). The results of the study confirm that the method proposed by the international group is suitable for determining the density of soil contamination by 137Cs in kitchen gardens in remote period after the Chernobyl accident.
Morphological examination of the domestic cat’s cervicothoracic ganglion in ontogenesis
Authors: GRZECZKA ARKADIUSZ , FRĄCKOWIAK HIERONIM
Published: June 2021

The cervicothoracic ganglion belongs to the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the organs of the thorax. Its most important function is to transmit impulses modulating heart activity. We present the results of an anatomical study that was conduct on 33 domestic cats from three age groups. The results allow us to determine which changes occur in the morphology of the cervicothoracic ganglion during the development of the domestic cat and those that occur already in adult life . The variability of this structure manifests itself in the shape, location and size of the bilateral ganglia. There is also a difference in the course of the cardiac branches and of the bilateral ganglia. In adult cats, the predominant location of the ganglion was the first intercostal space. In contrast, in young cats and fetuses, the ganglia were more distributed between the first and second intercostal spaces. Additionally, the younger the cat, the more often the ganglia occurred under the second rib. The ganglia in domestic cats show some similarities with other species, but retain species-specific features such as the direction of propagation of the subclavian loop fibres.
The problem of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and laying hens: Selected control methods and alternative solutions
Authors: FABIA KAROLINA , WOLSKI DARIUSZ , BIEŃKO MAREK , RADZKI RADOSŁAW P. , SZYMAŃCZYK SYLWIA
Published: June 2021

In industrial poultry production, especially in broiler chickens, coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa parasites in the digestive tract, continues to be a serious health and economic problem. In economic terms, the losses are mainly caused by the costs of prevention and treatment, as well as the reduced weight gain and reduced condition of the birds. Currently, the prophylactic program of this disease unit is mainly based on the use of chemotherapeutics. Another way to control coccidiosis is active immunoprophylaxis, based on the vaccination of chickens for fattening, and passive immunoprophylaxis, based on vaccination of the parent flock. An alternative, effective way to reduce the negative effects of protozoan infestation by Eimeria may be the use of herbs and their extracts, pre- and probiotics and betaine.
Application of machine learning method to control the vibration of the car’s suspension system
Authors: Zhou Huaxiang , Nguyen Vanliem , Jiao Renqiang , Huan Yuan
Published: June 2021

A machine learning method (MLM) developed based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) has been proposed to control the vibration of the car’s suspension systems. To apply the MLM, a quarter car model with two degrees of freedom has been established via MATLAB/Simulink. The reduction of the vertical car body’s acceleration response is the objective function. Through FLC’s logic rule and data maps of the different road surfaces, the MLM of ANFIS has been trained via its self-learning process to control the car’s suspension system. The result indicates that the vibration response of the car’s suspension system controlled by both FLC and MLM is reduced in comparison without the control. Particularly, the MLM has an obvious effect on reducing the acceleration response of the car body under different excitations of the road surface in comparison with the FLC. Consequently, the car’s suspension system controlled by the MLM could further enhance the car’s ride comfort compared to the traditional control methods.
Methodology of error measurements reduction while determining integrated errors of satellite nodes of planetary gears
Authors: Nasonov Dmitry , Raevsky Vladimir , Ilichev Vladimir , Volkhonskaya Anzhelika
Published: June 2021

The mathematical model for definition of hole coordinates under satellites in cariage of planetary gear by results of indirect measurements is improved. Algorithm of revealing and elimination of incorrect initial data in automatic or manual mode is developed and implemented.
Ensuring the chatter stability of milling by optimizing the workpiece stock
Authors: Kuts Vladimir , Kiselev Igor , Voronov Sergey
Published: June 2021

The paper considers a new technique for increasing the dynamic stability of the dynamics of milling flexible parts. The technique is based on the formation of a uniform stock of the workpiece for the finish milling. The paper proposes an optimization algorithm for the automated calculation of the stock distribution based on the sensitivity analysis method. The ratio of the natural frequencies of the flexible workpiece is used as the objective function of the optimization algorithm. The developed technique was tested on a numerical example.
E-SPORTS GLOBAL MARKET: CONTEMPORARY TRENDS
Authors: Ilin A. B. , Sizova Yu. S. , Ponomareva Yu. D. , Sizov S. D.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify aspects of the e-sports commercialization and analyze its entrepreneurial core. Based on the of the economic science initial models, e-sports genesis, data from the author's sociological survey and secondary sources of information, elements of commercialization of the entrepreneurial core of e-sports are systematized. The main milestones of e-sports  development  in  the  world  in  general  and  in  Russia  in  particular  are  monitored; examples of the e-sports development in the period of COVID-19 pandemic are given; market participants of the industry are identified. Comparative analysis of multilevel ecosystems of sports competitions in the field of traditional sports and e-sports is carried out; statistics of the global e-sports market from 2016 to 2019 and a description of the resource base of e-sports are given.  The  authors  methodize  the  elements  of  commercialization  and  monetization  of  the entrepreneurial core of e-sports. Based on the results of the author's sociological survey, and the analysis conducted in the paper, it is concluded that the basis of the entrepreneurial core of e-sports  is  the  intellectual  and  physical  activity  of  people  based  on  electronic  games.  Thus, e-sports can be considered to be a fundamentally new intellectual discipline, forming around itself stakeholders that contribute to its monetization. It is concluded that the e-sports business core is bottomed on the physical and intellectual activity of people based on electronic games. The results of the study can be used by various entrepreneurial structures working in the sports industry.
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF): An Inexpensive and Attractive Reactant
Authors: CAI Xiao-hua , Guo Hui
Published: June 2021

The development of simple, atom-economical, and sustainable methodologies for
the construction of various functional molecules from easily available substrates has been of
great interest in synthetic chemistry. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is an inexpensive, abundant
solvent and industrial raw material, and it is considered as an effective polar solvent and
also as a versatile reagent in synthetic transformations. During the past few decades, many
significant and attractive achievements have been made in the fields of DMF as a reactant.
The mini-review will mainly summarize recent advance in the applicants of DMF as a multipurpose
building block in synthetic reactions.
Boron in Medicinal and Organic Chemistry
Authors: Prates Joáo Lucas Bruno , Pavan Aline Renata , dos Santos Jean Leandro
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, boron-containing compounds have gained researchers’ attention because
of the wide versatility and applicability of this element in both organic and medicinal
chemistry. Since its discovery, its use in medicinal chemistry was neglected because of its
possible toxic effects. However, in the past years, boron-containing compounds did not show
such effects, and some drugs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration
to treat diseases, including cancer, infections, and inflammation. Several boroncontaining
compounds are used in organic and medicinal chemistry, either as a reagent or
therapeutic agent. The chemical properties of this element make its use possible in organic
synthesis as a reducing agent and catalyst, mainly in cross-coupling reactions. Among boroncontaining
compounds, boranes, azaborines, benzoxaborole, boronic acid, and boron derivatives
are most commonly described. This review article discusses the main properties of boron-containing compounds,
their preparation by organic synthesis, as well as their applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry
fields, developing new perspectives for further investigations.
One-Pot Glycosylation Strategy for Rapid Access of Oligosaccharides with Wide Range of Molecular Diversity
Authors: Sangwan Rekha , Mandala Pintu Kumar
Published: June 2021

:

In carbohydrate chemistry, the synthesis of complex saccharides with well-defined
structures is the most formidable process as it is quite strenuous to isolate carbohydrates in
acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with
well-defined structures are often most conveniently accessed through chemical syntheses.
This review mainly focuses on the methodologies for one-pot glycosylation into the complex
glycans from the non-reducing end to reducing end and vice versa, orthogonal, preactivation
based, photochemical as well as hybrid one-pot glycosylation. The main goal of this review in
the carbohydrate community was to rapidly synthesize biologically relevant glycans that can
be implemented for research in carbohydrate-based vaccine development, diagnostics, as well
as drug discovery.
Advances in the Synthesis and Antisense Technology Applications of Bridged Nucleic Acid Monomers
Authors: Mangla Priyanka , Olety Balaji , Sharma Vivek K.
Published: June 2021

:

Bridged Nucleic Acids (BNA) or Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA) belong to a class of
nucleic acid modification that is obtained by connecting the 2'-O and 4'-C of ribose sugar using
a methylene bridge. This ‘bridging or locking’ of ribose sugar has a tremendous impact on
the biological and biophysical properties of therapeutic nucleic acids. They have enhanced
stability against nucleases and also have a higher binding affinity for the target RNA. Owing
to these advantages, BNA is one of the most preferred nucleic acids modifications of antisense
oligonucleotides (ASOs). However, the synthesis of BNA monomers is lengthy and
low-yielding and requires extensive protection and deprotection of the sugar functionalities. In
this article, we aim to review challenges associated with their synthesis and discuss recent
chemical, chemo-enzymatic, and transglycosylation strategies employed for the efficient and
cost-effective synthesis of BNA monomers and selected BNA analogues.
Accumulation of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations and Methamphetamine Use
Authors: Truong Hong-Ha M. , Fatch Robin , Deeks Steven G. , Krone Melissa , Martin Jeffrey N. , Hunt Peter W. , Lum Paula J.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence and methamphetamine use
are associated with higher HIV drug resistance prevalence. How they affect drug resistance mutations
accumulation is less studied.

Objective:

We assessed factors associated with drug resistance mutations accumulation.

Methods:

We evaluated HIV chronically-infected patients from a clinic-based research cohort on
first-line ART regimens with genotype results within 30 days of baseline. Methamphetamine use
and ART adherence were self-reported at each study visit. High ART adherence was defined as
0-5% missed doses in the last 30 days.

Results:

One-hundred twenty-five patients contributed 496 study visits. At baseline, 81% of patients
reported high ART adherence; 90% reported no methamphetamine use in the prior 4 months,
8% used monthly or less and 2% used daily or weekly. Methamphetamine users and non-users had
similarly high ART adherence (p=0.93). Adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of drug resistance mutations
accumulation was 2.04 (95% CI 0.64, 6.46) for daily/weekly users and 1.71 (95% CI 0.66,
4.42) for patients with monthly or less users, compared to non-users. aIRR was 0.71 (95% CI 0.44,
1.15) with >5-10% missed ART doses and 1.21 (95% CI 0.80, 1.83) with >10% missed doses compared
to 0-5% missed doses.

Conclusions:

We found no strong evidence for the effect of methamphetamine use and ART adherence
on drug resistance mutations accumulation. Research cohort patients may have been more engaged
in care and treatment adherent than non-cohort patients. Our findings suggest methamphetamine
use might not lead to treatment failure among HIV patients who are otherwise engaged in
care.
Резонансы в двумерных квантовых волноводах, разделенных полупрозрачным барьером с малым отверстием
Authors: Воробьев А.М. , Попов И.Ю.
Published: June 2021

A pair of coupled quantum waveguides with a common semitransparent boundary having a small aperture is considered, which leads to resonance phenomena during the passage of an electron. Using the method of matching asymptotic expansions, formulas are obtained for the first terms in the expansions of resonances (quasi-eigenvalues) and resonance states. The influence of the geometry of the system and the transparency parameter of the boundary on the lifetime of resonance states is investigated
Exploring Usability Issues of a Smartphone-Based Physician-to-Physician Teleconsultation App in an Orthopedic Clinic: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Choemprayong Songphan , Charoenlap Chris , Piromsopa Krerk
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Physician-to-physician teleconsultation has increasingly played an essential role in delivering optimum health care services, particularly in orthopedic practice. In this study, the usability of a smartphone app for teleconsultation among orthopedic specialists was investigated to explore issues informing further recommendations for improvement in the following iterations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore usability issues emerging from users’ interactions with MEDIC app, a smartphone-based patient-centered physician-to-physician teleconsultation system.

METHODS

Five attending physicians in the Department of Orthopedics in a large medical school in Bangkok, Thailand, were recruited and asked to perform 5 evaluation tasks, namely, group formation, patient registration, clinical data capturing, case record form creation, and teleconsultation. In addition, one expert user was recruited as the control participant. Think aloud was adopted while performing the tasks. Semistructured interviews were conducted after each task and prior to the exit. Quantitative and qualitative measures were used to identify usability issues in 7 domains based on the People At the Centre of Mobile Application Development model: effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, learnability, memorability, error, and cognitive load.

RESULTS

Several measures indicate various aspects of usability of the app, including completion rates, time to completion, number of clicks, number of screens, errors, incidents where participants were unable to perform tasks, which had previously been completed, and perceived task difficulty. Major and critical usability issues based on participant feedback were rooted from the limitation of screen size and resolution. Errors in data input (eg, typing errors, miscalculation), action failures, and misinterpretation of data (ie, radiography) were the most critical and common issues found in this study. A few participants did not complete the assigned tasks mostly owing to the navigation design and misreading/misunderstanding icons. However, the novice users were quite positive that they would be able to become familiar with the app in a short period of time.

CONCLUSIONS

The usability issues in physician-to-physician teleconsultation systems in smartphones, in general, are derived from the limitations of smartphones and their operating systems. Although some recommendations were devised to handle these usability issues, usability evaluation for additional development should still be further investigated.
Understanding Emergency Room Visits for Non-Traumatic Oral Health Conditions in a Hospital Serving Rural Appalachia: A Dental Informatics Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khanna Raj K , Cecchetti Alfred A , Bhardwaj Niharika , Muto Bobbi Jo , Murughiyan Usha
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Background: In the Appalachian region, a variety of factors will impact the ability of patients to maintain good oral health, which is important for overall health and well-being. Oral health issues have led to high costs within the Appalachian hospital system. Dental informatics is used to examine preventable dental conditions for the purpose of understanding the problem and suggesting cost containment.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: Demonstrate the value of dental informatics on dental health care in rural Appalachia through a study measuring emergency room (ER) use for non-traumatic dental conditions (NTDC) and associated economic impact in a hospital system that primarily serves rural Appalachia.

METHODS

Methods: The Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute’s Oral health data mart with relevant data on patients (n=8372) with ER encounters for NTDC between 2010 and 2018 was created using Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute’s research data warehouse. Exploratory analysis was then performed through the development of an interactive dashboard using Tableau. Dental Informatics provided the platform whereby the overall burden of these encounters along with disparities in burden by age groups, gender, and primary payer was assessed.

RESULTS

Results: Dental informatics was essential in understanding the overall problem and provided an interactive and easily comprehensible visualization of the situation. We found that ER visits for NTDCs declined by 40% from 2010 to 2018 but a higher percentage of visits required inpatient care and surgical intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: Dental Informatics can provide the necessary tools and support to healthcare systems and state health departments across Appalachia to address serious dental problems. In this case, informatics helped identify that although inappropriate ER use for NTDCs diminished due to ER diversion efforts, they remain a significant burden.

CLINICALTRIAL
Validation of a Musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lowe Cabella , Hanuman Sing Harry , Marsh William , Morrissey Dylan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Musculoskeletal conditions account for 16% of global disability, resulting in a negative effect on millions of patients and an increasing demand for health care use. Digital technologies to improve health care outcomes and efficiency are considered a priority; however, innovations are rarely tested with sufficient rigor in clinical trials, which is the gold standard for clinical proof of safety and efficacy. We have developed a new musculoskeletal digital assessment routing tool (DART) that allows users to self-assess and be directed to the right care. DART requires validation in a real-world setting before implementation.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of a future trial by exploring the key aspects of trial methodology, assessing the procedures, and collecting exploratory data to inform the design of a definitive randomized crossover noninferiority trial to assess DART safety and effectiveness.

METHODS

We will collect data from 76 adults with a musculoskeletal condition presenting to general practitioners within a National Health Service (NHS) in England. Participants will complete both a DART assessment and a physiotherapist-led triage, with the order determined by randomization. The primary analysis will involve an absolute agreement intraclass correlation (A,1) estimate with 95% CI between DART and the clinician for assessment outcomes signposting to condition management pathways. Data will be collected to allow the analysis of participant recruitment and retention, randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, data collection process, and bias. In addition, the impact of trial burden and potential barriers to intervention delivery will be considered. The DART user satisfaction will be measured using the system usability scale.

RESULTS

A UK NHS ethics submission was done during June 2021 and is pending approval; recruitment will commence in early 2022, with data collection anticipated to last for 3 months. The results will be reported in a follow-up paper in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will inform the design of a randomized controlled crossover noninferiority study that will provide evidence concerning mobile health DART system clinical signposting in an NHS setting before real-world implementation. Success should produce evidence of a safe, effective system with good usability, potentially facilitating quicker and easier patient access to appropriate care while reducing the burden on primary and secondary care musculoskeletal services. This rigorous approach to mobile health system testing could be used as a guide for other developers of similar applications.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904029; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04904029

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/31541
Correction: A Direct-to-Public Peer Support Program (Big White Wall) Versus Web-Based Information to Aid the Self-management of Depression and Anxiety: Results and Challenges of an Automated Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Morriss Richard , Kaylor-Hughes Catherine , Rawsthorne Matthew , Coulson Neil , Simpson Sandra , Guo Boliang , James Marilyn , Lathe James , Moran Paul , Tata Laila J , Williams Laura
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Correction: A Determinants-of-Fertility Ontology for Detecting Future Signals of Fertility Issues From Social Media Data: Development of an Ontology (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Park Hyeoun-Ae , Song Tae-Min
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

South Korea has the lowest fertility rate in the world despite considerable governmental efforts to boost it. Increasing the fertility rate and achieving the desired outcomes of any implemented policies requires reliable data on the ongoing trends in fertility and preparations for the future based on these trends.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to (1) develop a determinants-of-fertility ontology with terminology for collecting and analyzing social media data; (2) determine the description logics, content coverage, and structural and representational layers of the ontology; and (3) use the ontology to detect future signals of fertility issues.

METHODS

An ontology was developed using the Ontology Development 101 methodology. The domain and scope of the ontology were defined by compiling a list of competency questions. The terms were collected from Korean government reports, Korea’s Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society, a national survey about marriage and childbirth, and social media postings on fertility issues. The classes and their hierarchy were defined using a top-down approach based on an ecological model. The internal structure of classes was defined using the entity-attribute-value model. The description logics of the ontology were evaluated using Protégé (version 5.5.0), and the content coverage was evaluated by comparing concepts extracted from social media posts with the list of ontology classes. The structural and representational layers of the ontology were evaluated by experts. Social media data were collected from 183 online channels between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2015. To detect future signals of fertility issues, 2 classes of the ontology, the socioeconomic and cultural environment, and public policy, were identified as keywords. A keyword issue map was constructed, and the defined keywords were mapped to identify future signals. R software (version 3.5.2) was used to mine for future signals.

RESULTS

A determinants-of-fertility ontology comprised 236 classes and terminology comprised 1464 synonyms of the 236 classes. Concept classes in the ontology were found to be coherently and consistently defined. The ontology included more than 90% of the concepts that appeared in social media posts on fertility policies. Average scores for all of the criteria for structural and representations layers exceeded 4 on a 5-point scale. Violence and abuse (socioeconomic and cultural factor) and flexible working arrangement (fertility policy) were weak signals, suggesting that they could increase rapidly in the future.

CONCLUSIONS

The determinants-of-fertility ontology developed in this study can be used as a framework for collecting and analyzing social media data on fertility issues and detecting future signals of fertility issues. The future signals identified in this study will be useful for policy makers who are developing policy responses to low fertility.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET–VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GLYCYRRHIZIN IN METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L
Authors: HYDER IMRAN , NASEER ARIF , AHMAD ADIL
Published: June 2021

Objective: The pure form of glycyrrhizin was bought from Yucca Enterprises, Mumbai-37, India. The pure form of drug used in treatment of acne vulgaris disease. Pharmacognostical studies of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. indicated surprising antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes.

Methods: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and economic spectrophotometric technique for estimation of glycyrrhizin in methanolic extract of G. glabra L. have been developed. Glycyrrhizin exhibit absorbance most at 254 nm when phosphate buffer (pH-6.8) methanol is used as solvent in 70:30 proportion, so absorbance was once measured at the identical wave lengths for the determination of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin obeys the Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 4–24 μg/ml.

Results: This method was validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines and can be adopted for the general analysis of glycyrrhizin in hydroalcoholic extract of G. glabra. The approach is simple, rapid, safe, accurate, affordable, and beneficial for standardization of the licorice products.

Conclusion: The results applied in the routine analysis and quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing glycyrrhizin.
A RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL ON CEREBRO VASCULAR ACCIDENT PATIENTS WITH REFERENCE TO AETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT: 24 WEEKS, SINGLE-CENTER, PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL PILOT STUDY
Authors: K LEELA PRASAD , KAREEMULLA SHAIK , K ALIYA FIRDOSE , S YASMEEN
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in world. Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries like India, largely driven by demographic changes and enhanced by the increasing prevalence of key modifiable risk factors. The main aim of our study was to assess the clinical profile with special reference to the etiology of the condition, the management, and drug utilization review.

Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective observational randomized control trial which was conducted for a period of 6 months at Government General Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa. Seventy-five patients were recruited based on study criteria. The data were analyzed and summarized as frequency and percentage by GraphPad Prism software using Microsoft Excel.

Results: In a total of 75 patients, it was found that 45 and 30 patients were female. Maximum number of patients (i.e. 36 patients) belonged to 51–60 years age group. We observed that 52 patients were suffering from ischemic stroke, 21 patients were suffering from transient ischemic stroke, and only 2 patients were suffering from ischemic stroke and transient ischemic stroke. Among 75 patients studied, hypertension (62%), diabetes mellitus (28%), smoking (33%), and alcohol (33%) were the risk factors.

Conclusion: In this study, ischemic stroke was most prevalent. Hypertension, that is, increase of blood pressure considered as one of the important and major risk factors for stroke occurrence and recurrence. Proper management includes non-pharmacological (physiotherapy) along with pharmacological treatment that included cardiovascular system drugs such as hypolipidemics, cognition enhancers, anticoagulants, and antihypertensive therapy.
DRUG UTILIZATION AND PRESCRIBING PATTERN ANALYSIS IN ORTHOPAEDIC OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: K DHIVYA , SHANKARI R SHIVA , ZULKARNANE A MOHAMMED , R GAUTAM
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of conducting prescribing pattern study is to monitor, evaluate, and if necessary, recommend modifications in the prescribing behavior of medical practitioners. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the drug utilization and prescribing pattern of drugs in orthopedic outpatient department (OPD).

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the orthopedic OPD of tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 months. Data were obtained from the prescriptions through one-to-one interviews and recorded in a separately designed case report form.

Results: Out of the 260 patients enrolled in the study, 181 were female and 79 were male. The patients between the ages of 50 and 60 years constituted the higher number with a mean age of 52.2 years. The total number of drugs prescribed in the analyzed prescriptions was 1012 which includes orthopedic drugs as well as drugs prescribed to treat various comorbidities. The World Health organization drug prescribing indicators were used to assess the appropriate use of drugs.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that drug utilization and prescribing quality should be improved by promoting medical education on current updates. The periodic audit should be conducted by a clinical pharmacist to reduce an error in the prescription as well as to check the compliance of prescription with standard treatment guidelines for rationalizing the therapy.
A STUDY OF THE POTENTIATING EFFECT OF TOPICAL PROPARACAINE 0.5% ON TROPICAMIDE 0.8% AND PHENYLEPHRENE 5% INDUCED MYDRIASIS IN A SOUTHINDIAN POPULATION
Authors: CHELLAKUMAR VIKRAM , RAVINDRAN DHARSHINI
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Pupillary dilatation is an integral part of comprehensive ophthalmic examination. It is also essential for cataract surgery and outpatient laser procedures. Rapid and sustained dilatation is often required. It has been proposed that prior instillation of proparacaine 0.5% can potentiate the effect of the routinely used tropicamide 0.8% phenylephrine 5% combination mydriatic agent. However, certain studies have shown that it is not effective in dark colored iris as compared to light colored iris; hence, this study was done on a predominantly South Indian population with dark iris.

Methods: Hundred eyes of 50 patients requiring pupillary dilatation as part of routine ophthalmic evaluation were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The study group was given 0.5% proparacaine before instillation of mydriatic agent and the control group was given only tropicamide 0.8% and phenylephrine 5% eye drops. Pupillary dilatation was measured after 15 min and 30 min in both eyes. The end point was taken as 6 mm pupillary dilatation.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of pupillary dilatation between the control and the study group at 15 min and 30 min after instillation of eye drops.

Conclusion: The study concluded that prior instillation produced faster dilatation even in patients with dark colored iris; hence, we suggest the use of topical anesthetic proparacaine 0.5% in situations where rapid mydriasis is required.
TERAPIA COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL FOCADA NO TRAUMA PARA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES VÍTIMAS DE ABUSO SEXUAL: revisão integrativa
Authors: Maffini Gabriela , Peixoto Maristela Jaqueline Reis , Cassel Paula Argemi , Abaid Josiane Lieberknecht Wathier
Published: June 2021

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been identified in literature as one of the most frequent disorders related to abuse, causing dysphoric symptoms, avoidant behaviors, changes in arousal, reactivity, mood and patient cognitions. For the treatment of this disorder, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are pointed out as effective psychotherapeutic approaches to reduce symptoms, develop adaptive coping strategies and redefine trauma. For the care of children and adolescents, in turn, the Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT) is used as an intervention model. This study aimed to review the evidence of results of the TF-CBT protocol for children and adolescents victims of sexual trauma. It is an integrative literature review, of a qualitative nature, using LILACS, PePSIC, PsycNet, PubMed and SciELO as databases. The eight studies found suggest that the techniques employed by the TF-CBT protocol, together with the participation of primary caregivers during the therapeutic process, contributed to the positive results of the treatment. It is concluded that this approach has great efficacy for the reduction of PTSD symptoms, as well as for the remission of the disorder.
Direitos humanos no século XXI
Authors: Soares Marisa , Ybarra Luis Antonio  Ccopa
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa os processos migratórios e suas influências nas instituições de ensino brasileiras, com o objetivo de contribuir no desenvolvimento de subsídios epistêmicos sobre esses aspectos demográficos e culturais em nossa sociedade. Utilizamos a metodologia de relato de experiência de nossa prática educativa com alunos imigrantes, com análise de conteúdo fundamentada no modelo teórico de Epistemologias do Sul de Boaventura Sousa Santos. Consideramos que os desafios no cotidiano educacional, com a integração de novas culturas advindas dos imigrantes, podem gerar oportunidades de inovações e mudanças no âmbito de uma concepção de cidadania solidária.
Osman Akchokrakly: unknown biography pages
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Nepomnyashchiy Andrey A. ,   Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

This article presents the biography of the prominent ascetic of the study of the oriental monuments of the Crimea Osman Akchokrakly (1879–1938), compiled on the basis of documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the epistolary heritage of the Crimean scholars. The author restored contacts of this scientist with A. Bertier de la Garde and V. Smirnov –they are prominent figures of the historical Crimean studies. The study contains the complete texts of unique documents – «Curriculum vitae» by O. Akchokrakly, which was presented when joining the university, and a letter of recommendation from Professor Bekir Choban-zade. The role of the researcher in the large-scale scientific expedition in Solkhat (Stary Krym) held in 1925-1926 is also noted. Finally, participation of O. Akchokrakly in the work of the Tauride Society of History, Archeology and Ethnography, All-Union Conferences of Archaeologists of the USSR, All-Union and All-Ukrainian Scientific Associations of Orientalists is revealed.
Heritage Inherited from Steppe Culture and Golden Horde Khanate: Tribal Aristocracy and Karachu Beys in the Crimean Khanate
Authors:   Karadeniz Technical University, Derin Paşaoğlu Derya
Published: June 2021

The tribal aristocracy in The Golden Horde Khanate and its successors, shaped by the steppe culture, developed with the elements inherited from the ancient heritage of geography. Since the Asian Hun State, the legacy of four numbers, which has come to the forefront in political, military and social life, has found its place in the name of the Four Beys System / Four Karaçu Beys. The four beys system has become one of the essential elements of the administration in addition to the Khanate position in the Crimean Khanate. The beginning of this system is based on the 4000 soldiers given to Cuçi in the land and tribal division made by Genghis Khan to his sons and the Kıyat, Seycut, Kinhit and Hüşin tribes to which they belong. Although the Mongolian tribes, which were a few in number in the ancient Turkish homeland of Cumania, they tried to keep the rule under the leadership of the Kıyat, and lost their authority after the silence of the Ak Orda (White Horde) dynasty. With the leadership that changed hands between the Mangit and the Sirins, the intertribal balance of power was transferred to the Sirin, Barın, Argin, Kipchak and Mangit tribes under the leadership of the Sirins, who played an active role in the establishment of the Crimean Khanate. The Tribes played an active role in both, internal and external affairs of the Crimean Khanate under the chief Karaçu of the Sirin tribe. After the Crimean Khanate came under the Ottoman protection, the Karachu beys, on the one hand, became the assurance of the Genghisids to hold the throne, on the other hand, they became the control element of power of the Genghisids. The Karachu beys’ keeping the interests of their tribes above everything, has turned the relations in the north of the Black Sea into a slippery ground where the balances were constantly changing.
The Turkish Factor in Relations between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Context of Eurasian Integration
Authors: Shumilov M. M.
Published: June 2021

Today, the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have to respond to a set of challenges and threats that hinder the progressive development of regional integration. Among them are the problems of relations between the member countries themselves, who found themselves in a difficult situation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. This does not detract from the huge potential of Eurasian integration and the possibility of expanding the range of interested participants in this project. For this reason, Russia and Kazakhstan are obliged to fully protect the constructive, allied, fraternal relations that have developed between them, especially since the success of Eurasian integration as a whole largely depends on this. The combination of objective factors and circumstances, including the spread of Turkey’s influence in Central Asia, puts RussianKazakh relations to certain tests. The Great Turan project, implemented by Turkey and its Turkicspeaking partners, carries certain risks for Russia. The purpose of this study is to clarify the circumstances related to this. At the same time, the author focuses on the development of Russian-Kazakh economic relations in the context of the implementation of the Eurasian integration project. It exposes the myth that the EEU is a politicized institution inspired by the “imperial elites” of Russia. Revealing and analyzing the existing conflict of interests, certain differences in the understanding of the tactical tasks of national development, the author shows that the conflict potential in relations between Russia and Kazakhstan is reliably stopped both by the leaders of the states and by the high level of good-neighborliness and popular will and has no prospects of aggravation. At the same time, the conclusion is justified that no problematic issues of Russian-Kazakh relations can devalue the positive prospects for Eurasian integration. The author also seeks to substantiate the thesis about the inability of the Turkish factor to cause damage to Russian-Kazakh relations and the Eurasian project as a whole. Moreover, the author tries to bring an objective platform under the statement about the compatibility and the possibility of interfacing the Eurasian and all-Turkic integration projects.