bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
microRNA-218 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bronchial Epithelial Cell Injury by Targeting E2F2
Authors: Gong Min , Mao Zhongmei , Chen Jinni , Ye Xin , Zhou Xiaobing
Published: December 2020

Acute bronchopneumonia is a common hospitalization disease in children and serious acute bronchopneumonia will lead to death of children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been thought to be related to inflammation in many diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between
miR218 and E2F2 and the effect of miR-218 overexpression and E2F2 inhibition on the improvement of inflammation in LPS-induced bronchial epithelial cell. BEAS-2B cells were induced by LPS for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h which the cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The expression of miR-218
in LPS-induced bronchial epithelial cell and cell transfection was detected by RT-qPCR analysis. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 in BEAS2B cells were detected using commercially-available ELISA kits. The levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and LDH were detected by ROS assay kit and oxidative
stress assay kit. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis and DAPI and hochest staining. As a result, miR-218 was decreased in LPS-induced bronchial epithelial cell. With the time of LPS treatment extends, the cell viability was decreased. Overexpression of miR-218 reduced
the expression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress injury in LPS-induced BEAS2B cells. Overexpression of miR-218 reduced apoptosis of LPS-induced BEAS2B cells. E2F2 was demonstrated be a target of miR-218 which miR-218 overexpression could inhibit the expression of E2F2. E2F2 inhibition
could reverse the inflammatory and oxidative stress injury of LPS-induced BEAS2B cells caused by miR-218 inhibition. E2F2 inhibition could reverse the apoptosis of LPS-induced BEAS2B cells caused by miR-218 inhibition. In addition, E2F2 inhibition could reverse the expression of p-STAT1, cleaved-caspase3
and cleaved-caspase9 in LPS-induced BEAS2B cells caused by miR-218 inhibition. In conclusion, this study indicated that miR-218 overexpression and E2F2 inhibition can alleviate the inflammation in LPS-induced bronchial epithelial cell, thereby decreasing the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
HSP70 Promotes Heat Tolerance Effect of Lung Cancer Cells Through Mediating SUMOylation of HIF-1α
Authors: Wan Jun , Zhou Min , Ling Xiean , Ding Guanggui , Wang Jian
Published: December 2020

Radiofrequency ablation produces a heat-tolerance effect and increases HIF-1αp, and HSP70 expression is distributed in the lesion, but whether HSP70 mediates HIF-1α SUMOylation in lung cancer cells remains unclear. Mouse lung cancer LLC cells were cultured under hypoxia
and randomly assigned into control group, heat tolerance group and HSP70 siRNA group followed by analysis of HSP70 and HIF-1α level by real time PCR and Western blot, association of HIF-1α with SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 by immunoprecipitation, SENP-1, Ubc9 and E3 ligase expression. CD4
+ T cells were isolated and divided into control group, hyperbaric oxygen group, normal temperature hypoxia group, and high temperature hypoxia group followed by measurement of T17 and Treg cell by flow cytometry, and HIF-1α level. HSP70 and HIF-1α level was increased in heat tolerance
group and reduced by HSP70 siRNA. Meanwhile, HSP70 siRNA decreased HSP70 binding to SENP-1, Ubc9, and E3 ligase. Heat tolerance group showed decreased SENP-1 expression, increased Ubc9 and E3 ligase expression. HIF-1 bound to SUMO-1, but not SUMO-2/3. HIF-1α expression was increased
in CD4+ T cells in treatment group, with significantly increased CD4+ T cells apoptosis and changes of Treg and Th17 compared to control (P < 0 05). HSP70 can promote the heat tolerance effect of lung cancer cells by promoting SUMO-1 expression of HIF-1α; the heat tolerance effect
leads to abnormal cellular immune response, which may affect the therapeutic effect.
Centroid of Fascicular Groups in Micro-CT Image of Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Zhong Yingchun , Luo Peng , Zhang Yi , Li Fang , Zhu Shuang
Published: December 2020

Objective: To conduct mathematical expression of the law of internal fascicular groups of peripheral nerves in spatial extension, so as to reveal the universal law of fascicular groups during the process of spatial extension. Methods: The centroid of each fascicular group
shown on each Micro-CT image of the peripheral nerves was extracted, and these centroids were connected to form the centroid space curve of each fascicular group respectively based on preliminary studies. Results: The mean value of relative offset of fascicular groups in space was 3.7
μm while its maximum was: when a distance of 5 μm was extended, the fascicular groups centroid would have an offset of 21.4 μm. The accuracy of fitting of the centroid spatial curve of the fascicular groups using the 4th-order Fourier model could be up to 98%.
Each parameter in the model obeyed the t distribution with position/dimension parameters. The dimension of parameters in the 1st-order component was obviously greater than that of the components of the other orders, indicating that the probability density function of harmonic component parameter
showed an obvious peak shape. Conclusions: The centroid space curve of the Fascicular groups could express the extension of fascicular groups in space truly and exactly. The extension process of fascicular groups in space could be expressed accurately by the 4th-order Fourier model.
The reason for using the 4th-order model was that a better balance could be obtained in model complexity and accuracy of fitting.
Nutrition education programme changes food intake and baseball performance in high-school students
Authors: Ueda Yukiko , Sawamoto Mayuri , Kobayashi Tomomi , Myojin Chiho , Sakamoto Chikae , Hayami Naomi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Hongu Nobuko
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nutrition education programme using the Convenient, Attractive, Normative (CAN) framework to facilitate changes in mindset, attitudes and behaviours towards food among high-school male baseball players.

Design:

Quasi-experimental design.

Setting:

Two public high schools in Osaka, Japan.

Methods:

Students in two high schools (mean age ±  SD, 16.6 ± .5 years) participated in the study. One school served as an intervention group ( n = 28) and received the CAN nutrition education programme. The other school served as a control group ( n = 22), and students within it did not receive the intervention. Students in the intervention group received three nutrition lecture sessions and face-to-face individual nutritional guidance over a 4 month intervention period. Before and after the intervention, all students were asked to record their food and beverage intake by taking food pictures, recording portion weights and sending these to the project dietitian. They were also asked to develop a dietary behaviour plan for meeting their goals. At the end of the intervention, they were asked about their experiences.

Results:

Students in the intervention improved their food intake, dietary balance and athletic performance. Bat swing speed was significantly faster following the intervention. Body weight increased without changing lean body mass in both groups.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that a CAN nutrition education programme may be effective in increasing motivation and promote dietary behaviour change among male adolescent athletes. Future interventions should examine these motivational processes and investigate the factors contributing to well-balanced meals.
Adopting Hands-Off Approaches to Activism: Examining PSTs’ Experiences Navigating Visibility and Vulnerability as Teacher Activists
Authors: Cook Mike P.
Published: December 2020

This case study examines six English Language Arts (ELA) preservice teachers (PSTs) and the ways they recognize injustice and inequity in education, plan for addressing such issues, and engage as teacher-activists toward impacting the issues they recognize. This research was guided by the following two questions: In what ways do ELA PSTs use their own recognition of educational injustice/inequity to foster discussions of methods for addressing such issues? How do PSTs engage in the agentive work of activists to impact those issues? Findings point to the ways in which PSTs adopt hands-off approaches to activism, or what I theorize as passive activism, where they, perhaps unconsciously, shield and distance themselves from the visibility and vulnerability that accompanies activist work. After a discussion of findings, I offer implications for the field and the ways teacher educators can better scaffold PSTs as they work to “do” the work of activists both inside and outside their classrooms.
Behavioral and Psychological Correlates of Well-Being during COVID-19
Authors: Ryerson Nicole C.
Published: December 2020

The globe is currently experiencing the immense and devastating impact of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 disease. College students are being uniquely impacted by the pandemic as well as the lockdown procedures that are in place. The current study utilized survey methods to investigate the impact of the pandemic on college students with a focus on changes in alcohol consumption and correlates of psychological health. Results found that participants reported a significant increase in alcohol consumption as a result of the pandemic. Furthermore, this increase in consumption related to a decline in psychological health. Exploratory analyses found that a decline in psychological health correlated with negative impacts in several life areas (financial, resource, social, and academic) and a decline in time management skills. However, spending time on leisure activities and spending time in-person with family and friends negatively correlated with psychological decline. Interestingly, news exposure to did not relate to psychological health.
Persistence and Pervasiveness
Authors: Segel Joel E. , Winkelman Tyler N.A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Although trends in opioid-related death rates in the United States have been described, the association between state-level opioid overdose death rates in early waves and substance-related overdose death rates in later waves has not been characterized. We examined the relationship between state-level opioid overdose death rates at the beginning of the crisis (1999-2004) and overdose death rates for opioids and other substances in later years.

Methods

Using 1999-2018 multiple cause of death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we first categorized each state by quartile of baseline (1999-2004) opioid overdose death rates. By baseline opioid overdose death rates, we then compared states’ annual overdose death rates from any opioid, heroin, synthetic opioids, sedatives, stimulants/methamphetamine, and cocaine from 2005 through 2018. To test the association between baseline opioid overdose death rates and subsequent substance-related overdose death rates for all 6 substances, we estimated unadjusted and adjusted linear models controlling for annual state-level unemployment, median household income, age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Results

Our results suggest 2 characteristics of the opioid crisis: persistence and pervasiveness. In adjusted analyses, we found that for each additional opioid overdose death per 100 000 population at baseline, states had 23.5 more opioid deaths, 4.4 more heroin deaths, 8.0 more synthetic opioid deaths, 9.2 more sedative deaths, 3.3 more stimulant deaths, and 4.6 more cocaine deaths per 100 000 population from 2005 to 2018.

Conclusion

These findings have important implications for continued surveillance to assist policy makers in deciding how to deploy resources to combat not just opioid use disorder but also polysubstance use disorder and broader problems of substance use disorder.
Myth-Busting With Infographics: Do Creative Assignments Help Students Learn?
Authors: Cavazos Jenel T. , Stern William , Stephenson Elise , Heddy Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Belief in psychological misconceptions has potential repercussions for both students and potentially society as a whole. We present a creative and engaging myth refutation assignment that uses an infographic format to promote the refutation of psychological misconceptions. A total of 166 students completed the myth refutation assignment, along with pre-assignment surveys to measure transformative experience, interest, and critical thinking. An end-of-semester myth quiz was given to assess long-term learning. Frequency of correct responses was higher for quiz questions that corresponded to the myth chosen for the students’ project, indicating that the assignment was effective at promoting learning. None of the other variables were significant predictors of myth refutation at the end of the semester.
How COVID-19 Changed Our Management of Nasal Bone Fractures and Its Impact on Patient Outcomes—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bastianpillai Johan , Khan Shaharyar , Acharya Vikas , Tanna Ravina , Pal Surojit
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Nasal bone fractures are a common presentation to the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeon. Simple, closed fractures are assessed and considered for closed manipulation under anesthesia (MUA #nasal bones). Most departments perform this under general anesthesia (GA). Our protocol changed in the face of COVID-19, where procedures were alternatively performed under local anesthesia (LA) in the clinic, to cope with lack of elective theater capacity during the pandemic, while still allowing a nasal fracture service to take place. We present postoperative patient outcomes on breathing and shape, comparing GA versus LA.

Methods:

Patient records retrospectively analyzed (January 2020-August 2020), and patients undergoing MUA #nasal bones interviewed by telephone after one month. Exclusion criteria were open injuries or depressed nasal bones requiring elevation. Breathing and shape scores were evaluated subjectively using a Likert scale (1 = very unsatisfied, 5 = very satisfied).

Results:

Two hundred five nasal injury referrals were made (21 MUA #nasal bones under GA and 27 under LA). Manipulation under anesthesia #nasal bones significantly improved both breathing satisfaction scores (GA; 2.88 ± 0.24 to 4.06 ± 0.23, P < 0.05; LA; 2.86 ± 0.22 to 3.77 ± 0.27, P < 0.05) and aesthetic scores (GA; 2.00 ± 0.21 to 3.94 ± 0.23, P < 0.05; LA; 1.64 ± 0.19 to 3.59 ± 0.28, P < 0.05) in both GA and LA groups. There was no statistically significant difference between LA and GA in postoperative outcomes. There was a trend toward greater satisfaction for GA, though this was not statistically significant and may be impacted by the rate of cartilaginous deformity in the LA group. Both techniques were well tolerated and most patients would repeat the procedure in hindsight.

Conclusions:

Local anesthesia could provide a safer, cheaper, and satisfactory alternative for performing MUA #nasal bones in the clinic for selected patients, particularly with reduction of elective theater capacity in the event of further COVID-19 surges. We recommend training junior ENT surgeons to perform this procedure under supervision with adequate protective measures.
Paradoxical Resource Trajectories: When Strength Leads to Weakness and Weakness Leads to Strength
Authors: Miller Danny , Le Breton-Miller Isabelle
Published: December 2020

In proposing two evolutionary trajectories, we demonstrate some paradoxical aspects of strategic resources that contrast with current theorizing. First, we discuss how an abundance of resources can subject an organization to vulnerabilities, taking a firm from competitive strength to potential weakness. Second, we describe an opposite trajectory in which a lack of resources can lead to reactions engendering significant strengths. In both cases, the effects of resource abundance and poverty on executive perceptions and conduct, organizational arrangements, and strategic behavior can play important roles in trajectories of value creation and erosion.
A Science of Hope? Tracing Emergent Entanglements between the Biology of Early Life Adversity, Trauma-informed Care, and Restorative Justice
Authors: Müller Ruth , Kenney Martha
Published: December 2020

The biology of early life adversity explores how social experiences early in life affect physical and psychological health and well-being throughout the life course. In our previous work, we argued that narratives emerging from and about this research field tend to focus on harm and lasting damage with little discussion of reversibility and resilience. However, as the Science and Technology Studies literature has demonstrated, scientific research can be actively taken up and transformed as it moves through social worlds. Drawing on fieldwork with actors in education and juvenile corrections in the US Pacific Northwest, we found that they employed the biology of early life adversity not only to promote prevention but also to argue for changes within their own institutions that would allow them to better serve children and youth who have experienced adversity and trauma. Our study shows that biosocial narratives are neither inherently liberatory nor inherently oppressive but that the situated narrative choreographies in which they are enrolled are essential for their political effects. In our case, we show how these biosocial narratives have been articulated with knowledge and practices from restorative justice and trauma-informed care to reimagine the social meaning of the biology of early life adversity.
Review of Hearing Loss Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States
Authors: Lor Maichou , Thao Sara , Misurelli Sara M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to synthesize the literature on hearing loss among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. A scoping review of primary source articles from 1950 to 2019 was conducted across four databases—CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus—to identify peer-reviewed studies. Twenty-two research studies were included. Of the 22 studies, 19 were descriptive, and 3 were interventions. Among the 19 descriptive studies, five themes related to hearing loss were identified: hearing loss prevalence, accuracy of hearing loss assessment, hearing loss risk factors, access to hearing care, and attitudes toward hearing loss. The three interventional studies focused on measuring hearing loss prevalence and promoting access to hearing care. Findings from this scoping review highlight that hearing loss is prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities. More research is needed on how economic, cultural, and age-related factors may influence hearing outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities.
Symbolic practices and power asymmetries in ICT4D projects: The case of an Indian Agricultural Marketing Board
Authors: Vaidya Ranjan , Myers Michael D
Published: December 2020

Information and communications technology can be used to improve the social and economic situation in developing countries. However, a broad range of challenges has been identified, and one of these relates to the power asymmetries in developing countries. These power asymmetries are often deeply entrenched. We conducted an in-depth critical case study of an information and communication technology for development project in India. We looked at the historical and cultural context, the roles of the actors, and the use of symbolic practices. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice and, in particular, his concept of habitus, our findings reveal how symbolic practices can work against ICT projects in developing countries. These symbolic practices, rooted in a particular culture, are tied to and constitutive of power asymmetries. We offer a framework for studying habitus in information systems research on information and communication technology for development that may be useful for others who wish to explore similar questions in their case study research.
Caring, sharing, preparing and declaring: how do hospices support prisons to provide palliative and end of life care? A qualitative descriptive study using telephone interviews
Authors: McParland Chris , Johnston Bridget
Published: December 2020

Background:

Older adults in prison have complex healthcare needs, and many will need palliative care before their sentence ends. Compared with prison-based hospices, little is known about the role played by community-based hospices in providing palliative care to people in prison

Aim:

To describe the roles Scottish hospices have adopted to support prisons to provide palliative care, and to discuss the international relevance of these findings in addressing the knowledge gap around community hospices supporting people in prison.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured telephone interviews.

Setting/participants:

Representatives from all Scottish adult hospices were invited to take part in a short telephone interview and all ( N = 17) participated.

Results:

Four roles were identified: caring, sharing, preparing and declaring. Most hospices employed different combinations of roles. Five (30%) hospices were engaged in caring (providing direct care at the prison or the hospice). Eleven (65%) hospices were engaged in sharing (supporting the prison by sharing knowledge and expertise). Eleven (65%) hospices were engaged in preparing (making preparations to support prisons). All seventeen hospices were described as declaring (expressing a willingness to engage with prisons to provide care).

Conclusions:

There are differences and similarities in the way countries provide palliative care to people in prison: many are similar to Scotland in that they do not operate prison-based hospices. Variations exist in the level of support hospices provide. Ensuring that all people in prison have equitable access to palliative care will require close collaboration between prisons and hospices on a national level.
Concert Hall, Museum, Cinema, and Theater Attendance: What Difference Do Audience Motivations and Demographics Make?
Authors: Manolika Maria , Baltzis Alexandros
Published: December 2020

Given the ubiquity of art in almost all human societies, why is it that participation in the arts is so diverse? To address this question, the present study examined demographic and motivational variables as predictors of arts attendance in a sample of 480 participants, and whether any significant differences appear among attendees at different venues. The ordinal logistic regression identified income, entertainment, and art interest as predictors of arts attendance, with income leading to greater attendance at several art forms. Subsequent analyses also unveiled significant differences in demographic and behavioral characteristics among concert hall attendees, museum visitors, cinema goers, and theater audiences. Taken together, these findings illustrate that audience behavior is selective and incited by conscious awareness of a person’s unique needs. From an applied perspective, adequate knowledge of human functioning will enable arts managers to attract new audiences, without neglecting their responsibility towards art, culture, and education.
The Intersection of Visual Science and Art in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Tyler Christopher W.
Published: December 2020

In the time of the Renaissance, a major aspect of vision science was understanding how spatial information projected to the viewpoint of the observer, that is, visual perspective, which is one of the primary cues to depth perception. Perspective representation was thus an early form of virtual reality. Although accurate perspective representation was developed earlier in the 15th century, the first analytic perspective scheme was developed by Piero della Francesca, whose chef d’oeuvre is in the Church of San Francesco, Arezzo, in which the present lecture took place. The focus of the lecture was to evaluate some of the contributions of Piero della Francesca and his 15th-century contemporaries to the visual science, art and symbolism of his era, and its significance for the perception of depth structure from two-dimensional images.
(Community) garden in the city: Conspicuous labor and gentrification
Authors: Haskaj Fatmir
Published: December 2020

Community gardens are fertile fields of complex political, economic and social relations, on both a local and global level. From environmentalism to urban policy and planning, racial and gender studies, transnational migration, commodity chains and food studies, the garden in the city offers an abundance of research opportunities and analytical resources. This article seeks to contribute to the efforts to understand and contest hegemonic forces in the urban environment, forces that are rooted in what Foucault identified as a set of sacred binaries which underpin a host of power relations that are “given” and form the unquestioned framework of a given set of power relations. This is therefore a project which is bent on a “theoretical desanctification of space” by a disordering of one set of several sanctified oppositions which can be found in the space of the community garden. The article de-sanctifies space by exploring the historical context of the community garden in New York and Oakland California and posits that the work of the gardener is co-opted into a value regime by a process I call “conspicuous labor”. This process is similar to Veblen's conspicuous consumption except the value generated is not in modeling consumption but rather in emulating class patterns and re-configuring the urban poor as a productive, passive and pastoral.
Identification of work accommodations and interventions associated with work productivity in adults with migraine: A scoping review
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Gharedaghi Mohammad Hadi , Bain Paul , Hettie Gabrielle , Loder Elizabeth , Burch Rebecca
Published: December 2020

Objective

To identify factors associated with work productivity in adults with migraine, and accommodations or interventions to improve productivity or the workplace environment for them.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Heath Literature, and Web of Science from their inception to 14 October 2019 for studies of any design that assessed workplace productivity in adults with migraine.

Results

We included 26 articles describing 24 studies after screening 4139 records. Five prospective cohort studies showed that education on managing migraine in the workplace was associated with an increase in productivity of 29-36%. Two studies showed that migraine education and management in the workplace were associated with increased productivity (absenteeism decreased by 50% in one study). One prospective cohort study showed that occupational health referrals were associated with more than 50% reduction in absenteeism. Autonomy, social support, and job satisfaction were positively associated with productivity, while quantitative demands, emotional demands, job instability, and non-conducive work environment triggers are negatively associated with productivity in workers with migraine.

Conclusion

Despite migraine being the second leading cause of disability worldwide, there is a paucity of strong data on migraine-related work factors associated with productivity. Registration: None (scoping review)
Effectiveness of distal arterial bypass with porcine decellularized vascular graft for treating diabetic lower limb ischemia
Authors: Tong Zhu , Xu Zeqin , Tong Yisha , Qi Lixing , Guo Lianrui , Guo Jianming , Gu Yongquan
Published: December 2020

Background:

Application of tissue engineered vascular grafts for small-diameter artery reconstruction has been a much anticipated advance in vascular surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of small-diameter decellularized vascular grafts in below-knee bypass surgery for diabetic lower extremity ischemia.

Methods:

Three patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between May, 2010 and June, 2010. Decellularized porcine arteries with modified surface were implanted in the lower extremity for below-knee arterial revascularization. Imaging examination was performed for assessment of graft mechanical stability and patency at 1 month and 6 months after implantation.

Results:

At 6 months after implantation, all three grafts were patent with no stenosis or aneurysm formation of the grafts were found on imaging assessment with primary patency rate of 100% (3/3) both at 1 month and 6 months after graft insertion.

Conclusion:

Decellularized vascular graft with surface modification for the small-diameter artery reconstruction had good clinical results after 6 months follow-up in three patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.
From Individual Wage to Household’s Labor Income: Consequences of Women’s Labor Force Incorporation in Argentina, 1974–2018
Authors: Kennedy Damián , Aguila Nicolás
Published: December 2020

The Argentinean real wage has suffered a profound deterioration since the mid-1970s. Simultaneously, there was a structural increase in women’s labor market participation. Consequently, looking at individual wages as indicators of the household’s reproduction conditions might be misleading. Here we put those two phenomena together under a new reading of Marx’s value of labor power concept within an understanding of the specificity of capital accumulation in Argentina. Transformations in the global organization of production led to a change in the concrete expression of the value of labor power, which is now divided into the wages of more than one household member. This expresses itself in the increased participation of women’s income in household income and the latter’s more favorable evolution compared to the individual one.

JEL Classification: N36, B51, B54, J31
Take politics off the table: A study of Italian youth’s self-managed dairy restriction and healthy consumerism
Authors: Morelli Niccolo , Vitale Tommaso
Published: December 2020

The last 20 years have been characterized by very different dynamics: massive reduction of milk and, to a lesser extent, dairy consumption; fewer positive attitudes towards milk; no reclaims for affordable, public dairy production; the development of a large conversation about the presumed risks associated with the intake of lactose; and semantic battles on non-dairy ‘milk’ alternatives. These new attitudes haven’t been systematically studied. We explore here the links between milk/dairy consumption, health concerns, and trust in medical expertise. Through an online survey of highly educated youth in Italy (N=378) we have investigated: milk and dairy consumption; attitudes towards items carried out by vegan movements; attitudes towards medical expertise and trust in counseling by general practitioners. Results show that anti-speciesist and vegan movements are very little known among consumers. Data display very limited impact of the ideas and concepts of anti-milk movements within our sample. The results highlight that milk consumption shrinking is due to health concern and an unfavorable perception of dangerous consequences in lactose intake, and additionally to a general distrust towards medical expertise and evidence-based arguments. Indeed, we observe a tendency to self-diagnose intolerance/allergies, questioning the role of physicians and medical knowledge in advising for dietary choices among highly educated youth. The analysis of the patterns of consumption and motives clearly shows that health considerations, not politics, are behind the Italian youth’s dairy restrictions. Healthy consumerism emerges as a concept fitting better than political consumerism for interpreting our results.
Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use for Pain Management in the Older Adult Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Langford Sarah , Hunter Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Question:

What interventions are being conducted to reduce opioid use among older adults (age 65+ years)?

Design:

Systematic review.

Method:

Five databases were searched for publications from 2005 through 2019. Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers. The articles were selected related to the search inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality/risk of bias, and ultimately the strength of evidence with a goal of informing clinical practice.

Results:

In total, 1,105 articles were evaluated. Through abstract and full article review, 1,093 articles were removed. Ultimately, 11 articles were included in the final review, falling into five themes. All themes resulted in low strength of evidence except for the two surgical themes resulted in one recommendation with strong strength of evidence and one recommendation with moderate strength of evidence.

Conclusion:

There is limited evidence; however, pharmacists should be aware of alternative evidence-based treatments for surgical pain. More research is needed in this area to study issues.
Influence of gelatin and collagen incorporation on peroxidase-mediated injectable pectin-based hydrogel and bioactivity of fibroblasts
Authors: Ahmadian Mehri , Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Khatami Neda , Morshedloo Fatemeh , Rahbarghazi Reza , Hassani Ayla , Kiani Sahar
Published: December 2020

Pectin has recently attracted increasing attention for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Due to the lack of adhesion molecules in polysaccharides, phenolic hydroxyl conjugated gelatin was added to enzymatically-gellable peroxidase-modified pectin derivative and compared with phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/collagen. Both pectin and gelatin were modified by tyramine hydrochloride in the presence of EDC/NHS. The phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin, phenolic hydroxyl-pectin/collagen, and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin hydrogels were prepared using horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogels were characterized by gelation time analysis. Morphology, enzymatic biodegradation, mechanical and swelling properties as well as water vapor transmission rate were also evaluated. Fibroblasts were cultured for 7 days, and the survival rate was evaluated using conventional MTT assay. Hydrogels composed of Ph-pectin/Ph-gelatin showed decreased biodegradation rate, and WVTR and further improved mechanical performance in comparison with other groups. Both phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/collagen and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin hydrogels exhibited porous structures. The hydrogels composed of collagen promoted cell survival rate 1.4 and 3.5 times compared to phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin based hydrogels at the end of 7 days, respectively (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated the potential of enzymatically-gellable pectin-based hydrogels as cost-effective frameworks for use in tissue engineering applications.
Gender-based Structural Stigma and Intimate Partner Violence Across 28 Countries: A Population-based Study of Women Across Sexual Orientation, Immigration Status, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Scheer Jillian R. , Pachankis John E. , Bränström Richard
Published: December 2020

Reducing structural drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV), including gender inequity in education, employment, and health, surrounding women worldwide represents a clear public health priority. Within countries, some women are at disproportionate risk of IPV compared to other women, including sexual minority women, immigrant women, and women in poverty. However, limited research has assessed women’s IPV risk and related circumstances, including police involvement following IPV experiences and IPV-related worry, across sexual orientation, immigration status, and socioeconomic status in a population-based survey of women across countries. Further, few studies have examined IPV against minority women as a function of gender-based structural stigma. This study aimed to determine whether gender-based structural stigma is associated with IPV and related circumstances among European women; examine minority-majority IPV disparities; and assess whether structural stigma is associated with IPV disparities. We used the population-based 2012 Violence Against Women Survey ( n = 42,000) administered across 28 European Union countries: 724 (1.7%) identified as sexual minority, 841 (2.0%) as immigrant, and 2,272 (5.4%) as living in poverty. Women in high gender-based structural stigma countries had a greater risk of past-12-month IPV (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.34) and IPV-related worry (AOR: 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.15) than women in low structural stigma countries. All minority women were at disproportionate risk of IPV and IPV-related worry compared to majority women. Associations between gender-based structural stigma and IPV and related circumstances differed across minority status. Country-level structural stigma can possibly perpetuate women’s risk of IPV and related circumstances. Associations between structural stigma and IPV and related circumstances for sexual minority women, immigrant women, and women in poverty call for research into the IPV experiences of minority populations across structural contexts.
Brexanolone: A Novel Drug for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression
Authors: Patatanian Edna , Nguyen David R.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of Brexanolone and define its role in the treatment of postpartum depression.

Date Sources:

A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted (1980-May 2020) using the following keywords: postpartum depression, antidepressants, pharmacologic therapy, drug therapy, and brexanolone to identify relevant articles.

Study Selection/Data Extraction:

Literature search was limited to human studies published in the English language. Phase I, II, and III studies evaluating the pharmacology, efficacy, safety of brexanolone for postpartum depression were included. Bibliographies of relevant articles evaluating postpartum depression and treatment were reviewed for additional citations and background information.

Data Synthesis:

Brexanolone is a soluble, proprietary, injectable formulation of allopregnanolone, a neuroactive steroid that modulates neuronal excitability. Allopregnanolone levels increase during pregnancy and decrease substantially after birth. These fluctuations have profound effects on anxiety and depression. Three clinical trials established the efficacy and safety of brexanolone in the treatment of postpartum depression. In all 3 trials, brexanolone had an acceptable safety profile and was well tolerated. The most common adverse effects were loss of consciousness, sedation, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, and flushing. Due to sudden loss of consciousness and excessive sedation, continuous pulse oximetry is recommended.

Conclusion:

Brexanolone has a novel mechanism of action and appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of moderate to severe postpartum depression. At present, high cost, serious adverse effects, and restricted access may limit its use in clinical practice.
A comparative study of the vibration characteristics of railway vehicle axlebox bearings with inner/outer race faults
Authors: Wang Jinhai , Yang Jianwei , Bai Yongliang , Zhao Yue , He Yuping , Yao Dechen
Published: December 2020

Increasing service time makes the axlebox bearing of railway vehicle vulnerable to develop a fault in inner or outer races, which can cause some serious adverse effects on a railway vehicle’s safe operation. To tackle this problem, we established a railway vehicle vertical-longitudinal dynamic model with inner/outer races faults of axlebox bearing and validated it by experimental data. We utilized the time-synchronous average (TSA) technology to filter the raw signals and studied their vibration features. The results show that the longitudinal vibration features are more sensitive for inner race fault identification, while the vertical vibration features are more suitable for outer race fault identification. For inner race fault identification, the indicator peak-to-peak value (PPV) that increases 1056% relative to the healthy state at the most severe fault performs the best sensitivity. For outer race fault identification, the indicator skewness value (SV) that increases 518% relative to the healthy state at the most severe fault exhibits the best performance. The research work can provide meaningful guidance for accurate diagnosis of axlebox bearing faults of railway vehicles.
Charles Hewitt Moore, FRCS (1821–1870): Medical innovator
Authors: DePaolo Charles
Published: December 2020

Charles Hewitt Moore, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, practiced at Middlesex and St. Luke’s Hospitals and was administratively active in The Medical and Chirurgical Society. From 1851 to 1868, he demonstrated expertise in general surgery and the lymphatic system; on pelvic deformity and disease; on the vascular system and aneurisms; on the etiology of cancer; and on the neurophysiology of sleep. He subscribed to two principles of medical investigation: anomalies can reveal new information; and the propagation of untested theory inhibited medical learning and practice. Translator of the German edition of Rokitansky’s Handbook (vol. 3, 1851), Moore wrote twelve papers, three chapters for Holmes’ System of Surgery (1860-1862), and two treatises. Renowned in vascular and cancer surgery, he combined ablation with ZnCl2 against cutaneous and breast cancer. Theorizing that ganglionic nerve tissue was involved in the sleep cycle, he anticipated modern investigations into the sleep-related activity of basal ganglia, the only nerve tissue of that kind in the brain.
Coordinating free improvisation: An integrative framework for the study of collective improvisation
Authors: Saint-Germier Pierre , Canonne Clément
Published: December 2020

Understanding how musicians can coordinate their musical actions when they improvise together remains an important theoretical and empirical challenge. In this article, we suggest a broad theoretical framework, compatible with up-to-date research on joint action, which can account for coordination in collective improvisation, especially in the hard case of so-called collective free improvisation. This framework addresses the limits of an account of coordination in collective improvisation that relies only on low-level, emergent coordination mechanisms, and shows how these mechanisms can be combined with planned coordination mechanisms to explain how improvisers deal with some of the main coordination problems that typically arise in collectively improvised performances. As such, our framework allows for the formulation of new hypotheses that pave the way for further empirical investigations on collective improvisation and sheds light on collectively improvised behavior at large.
Yoga, Meditation, and Neoliberal Penality: Compliance or Resistance?
Authors: Godrej Farah
Published: December 2020

In this essay, I argue that a normative commitment to dismantling mass incarceration requires us to examine the effects of self-care and self-disciplinary practices within carceral spaces. I take up the specific case of the South Asian traditions of yoga and meditation. Many critics have suggested that their practices can produce pacifying, politically neutering effects through their emphases on non-judgment and non-reaction. They can teach acceptance of an unjust, immiserating reality, seen as the result of individual responsibility or pathology, rather than of structural factors. But others insist that yogic and meditative traditions can be interpreted to generate attention and resistance to social injustice. I explore the conditions under which the therapeutic, rehabilitative forms of self-discipline taught by these traditions reproduce neoliberal penality, encouraging the targets of mass incarceration to accept their own responsibility for structurally unjust outcomes. I also explore conditions under which they may undermine such penal logic by teaching attention and resistance to systemic inequity. Ultimately, the political meaning and effects of these practices are ambiguous: they can render the carceral apparatus more habitable and acceptable, or ensure that the tools of neoliberal penality are turned against the system itself.
Activist ESD Pedagogies and the End of Critique: An Edu/Poetic Attempt to Bring in the Missing Child—Becoming Child
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate
Published: December 2020

The idea of this article is to interrogate what I conceive of as an onto-epistemic acceleration and knowledge production spoken by life. Immanent knowledge practices for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Love, care, learning, and collective responsibility transmigrating throughout the aeons of time. It is an attempt to write planetary differential Activist Pedagogies and Life Sciences: experimentations and explorations of putting parts of components together, reaching into the future, playing toward an interest. It is a nonlinear, mannerist, and poetic approach to education, learning and play, research, and pedagogical practices of critique. An approach and style possibilizing and opening up for affective becomings in which ongoing processes are vitalist parts of ontological change. I work with thinkable categories as they disappear, collaboratively linked to a natural web of human and more-than-human agents. It implies a de-facto end of critique or a normalizing of judgment and/or our assessment practices: a Deleuzian clinical practice. Counting myself in and staying accountable to my immanent situatedness, to the child. Processes seen as zero points in action only graspable in hindsight, hence always unpredictable. Affective processes bring concepts into play and seek to continue keeping them in play. Concepts are thus always performative and methodological, inherently experimental, and open to yet-unknown territories of thought. I speak of happenings in language. Thinking with, through, and beyond concepts involves developing conceptual foci while also, and at the same time, designing for debate. I ask, how to continue not knowing what is right or wrong even in times of crisis?
Retrospective analysis of the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with head and neck cancer receiving weekly cisplatin with radiotherapy (RAISe-AKI)
Authors: Dierckes Stephen J , Ragsdale Morgan E , Macik Monica R , Weddle Kellie J
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Low-dose, weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) regimens are currently utilized at Eskenazi Health in Indianapolis, Indiana for the treatment of head and neck cancer due to enhanced tolerability. This retrospective analysis analyzes the incidence, severity, and risk factors for AKI in patients who received this regimen.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted including patients with head and neck cancer treated with weekly, low dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2) with concurrent radiotherapy (RT). From this criteria, 22 patients were identified and included in the final analysis. AKI was defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03.

Results

Of the 22 patients included, 12 (54.5%) experienced AKI, with 10 patients (45.5%) experiencing grade 1 AKI and 2 patients (9.1%) experiencing grade 2 AKI. Six patients (27.3%) required dose adjustments or delays due to renal adverse events, all of which had initial cisplatin total weekly doses of >70 mg. Those receiving a total weekly cisplatin dose of >70 mg were found to have a higher risk of developing an episode of AKI compared to the group receiving <70 mg (p = 0.029).

Conclusion

This analysis showed patients receiving weekly doses >70 mg of cisplatin as their initial treatment dose for head and neck cancer were more likely to experience AKI. There are inconsistencies in the frequency of AKI in our study compared to published literature; however, this comparison is difficult due to the small sample size of our trial. This demonstrates the need for further investigation into the issue.