bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the disintegration behavior of red clay under different pH conditions
Authors: Wang Hongming , Liu Zhikui , Xie Yongxiong , Li Shanmei
Published: September 2024

Soil caves collapse are typical geological hazards in karst areas. The disintegration of red clay is one of the important mechanisms leading to soil caves collapse. The pH of the soil pore solution has changed due to acid rains and the overuse of fertilizers. This study conducted disintegration tests to observe the disintegration rate of red clay in solutions with different pH values by a self-made disintegration apparatus. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Zeta potential analyzer were used to test the cations concentration in the solutions and the electric potential (ζ potential) of red clay, analyzing the effect of pH on the physicochemical properties and the disintegration rate of red clay, providing a scientific basis for evaluating and preventing soil caves collapse. The results show that the disintegration rate in solutions with different pH values follows the order of pH = 11 > pH = 9 > pH = 3 > pH = 5 > pH = 7. When pH < 7, the cations concentration and the cations charges density in the soil solutions increased as the pH decreases. The electric potential changed from negative to positive as the pH decreases, with the potential value first decreasing and then increasing. When pH > 7, the cations concentration, cations charges density in the soil solutions, and the electric potential increased with the pH increased. The ratio of charges density to electric potential increased under both acidic and alkaline conditions, the thickness of the clay diffusion layer decreased, short-range gravitational decayed and repulsion increased, ultimately leading to the disintegration of red clay.
Microbial diversity in earthen site of exhibition Hall of pit no. 1 at the terracotta warriors Museum in Emperor Qinshihuang’s mausoleum site museum and its correlation with environmental factors
Authors: Wang Cen , Hou Lilong , Jiang Nan , Wang Yu , Mao Xiaofen , Zhou Ping , Xia Yin , Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Chuyue , Yang Xinyu , Luo Qiang , Pan Jiao
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Earthen sites are essential cultural relic resources, and site museums are a fundamental component of China’s cultural heritage protection. The mausoleum of the Qin Shi Huang Emperor is one of the largest, most peculiar, and richest imperial tombs in the world. The exhibition hall of the burial pit No. 1 of the Terra Cotta Warriors is the earliest exhibition hall built and opened to the public. However, after years of excavation and open exhibitions, the earthen site of the Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum has deteriorated to varying degrees due to changes in the modern environment. There is an urgent need to control microbial diseases and protect the earthen site.

Methods

We analyzed the physical and chemical properties and bioindicators of the collected soil samples. We also established a metagenomic library and conducted a correlation analysis between microbial community composition and environmental factors. Cultivable fungi obtained from air and soil samples were identified, and allicin volatile gas fungistasis test was conducted.

Result

Research has found that four different areas of the exhibition hall have different types of microbial diseases owing to their different environments. The main pathogenic fungi in earthen site may lead to potential microbial diseases that affect important cultural relics such as the Terra Cotta Warriors. Penicillium, Aspergillus and Talaromyces showed relatively specific growth in relation to environmental factors and showed a better raw growth advantage.Allicin gas had a inhibitory effect on 12 types of fungi, therefore allicin gas had a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of the most culturable fungal hyphae.

Discussion

This study provides basic data for the study of microbial diversity in the exhibition hall of Pit No. 1 at the Terracotta Warriors Museum in Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum. It provides a reference for future protection work, which is of great significance.
Evaluation of mycotoxins, mycobiota and toxigenic fungi in the traditional medicine Radix Dipsaci
Authors: Hu Min , Wang Lulu , Su Dapeng , Yuan Qingsong , Xiao Chenghong , Guo Lanping , Wang Meidan , Kang Chuanzhi , Zhang Jinqiang , Zhou Tao
Published: September 2024

Medicinal herbs have been increasingly used for therapeutic purposes against a diverse range of human diseases worldwide. However, inevitable contaminants, including mycotoxins, in medicinal herbs can cause serious problems for humans despite their health benefits. The increasing consumption of medicinal plants has made their use a public health problem due to the lack of effective surveillance of the use, efficacy, toxicity, and quality of these natural products. Radix Dipsaci is commonly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and is susceptible to contamination with mycotoxins. Here, we evaluated the mycotoxins, mycobiota and toxigenic fungi in the traditional medicine Radix Dipsaci. A total of 28 out of 63 Radix Dipsaci sample batches (44.4%) were found to contain mycotoxins. Among the positive samples, the contamination levels of AFB1, AFG1, AFG2, and OTA in the positive samples ranged from 0.52 to 32.13 μg/kg, 5.14 to 20.05 μg/kg, 1.52 to 2.33 μg/kg, and 1.81 to 19.43 μg/kg respectively, while the concentrations of ZEN and T-2 were found to range from 2.85 to 6.33 μg/kg and from 2.03 to 2.53 μg/kg, respectively. More than 60% of the contaminated samples were combined with multiple mycotoxins. Fungal diversity and community were altered in the Radix Dipsaci contaminated with various mycotoxins. The abundance of Aspergillus and Fusarium increased in the Radix Dipsaci contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) and ZEN. A total of 95 strains of potentially toxigenic fungi were isolated from the Radix Dipsaci samples contaminated with mycotoxins, predominantly comprising Aspergillus (73.7%), Fusarium (20.0%), and Penicillium (6.3%). Through morphological identification, molecular identification, mycotoxin synthase gene identification and toxin production verification, we confirmed that AFB1 and AFG1 primarily derive from Aspergillus flavus, OTA primarily derives from Aspergillus westerdijkiae, ZEN primarily derives from Fusarium oxysporum, and T-2 primarily derives from Fusarium graminearum in Radix Dipsaci. These data can facilitate our comprehension of prevalent toxigenic fungal species and contamination levels in Chinese herbal medicine, thereby aiding the establishment of effective strategies for prevention, control, and degradation to mitigate the presence of fungi and mycotoxins in Chinese herbal medicine.
Development and immunogenicity evaluation of a quadruple-gene-deleted pseudorabies virus strain
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Riteng , Qu Jiahao , Kang Yahao , Zhang Jingnan , Guo Ruhai , Li JunDa , Zhang Xiao , Han Likang , Xie Honglin , Wang Xinglong
Published: September 2024

Since 2011, the emergence of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants has led to significant vaccine failures, resulting in severe economic losses in China’s swine industry. Conventional PRV vaccines have shown limited efficacy against these emergent variants, underscoring the urgent need for novel immunization strategies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel recombinant PRV vaccine candidate with improved safety and immunogenicity profiles. Utilizing the homology-directed repair (HDR)-CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated a recombinant PRV strain, designated PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK/UL24, with deletions in the gI, gE, TK, and UL24 genes. In vitro analyses demonstrated that the recombinant virus exhibited similar replication kinetics and growth curves comparable to the parental strain. The immunological properties of the recombinant PRV were assessed in murine and porcine models. All animals inoculated with PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK/UL24 survived without exhibiting significant clinical signs or pathological alterations. Immunological assays revealed that PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK/UL24 elicited significantly higher levels of gB-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and cytokines (including IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4) compared to both the Bartha-K61 and PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK strains. Notably, both murine and porcine subjects immunized with PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK/UL24 demonstrated enhanced protection against challenges with the variant PRV SX-10 strain, compared to other vaccine strains. These findings suggest that PRV SX-10ΔgI/gE/TK/UL24 represents a promising PRV vaccine candidate strain, offering valuable insights for the prevention and control of PRV in clinical applications.
Prolonged moderate to vigorous physical activity may lead to a decline in cognitive performance: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Yutao , Fu Chenyi , Song Honglin , Zhang Zhenhang , Liu Tianbiao
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study investigates the causal relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity and cognitive performance.

Methods

Genetic loci strongly related to moderate to vigorous physical activity from genome-wide association studies were used as instrumental variables. These were combined with genetic data on cognitive performance from different Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. The primary analysis used inverse variance weighting within a random effects model, supplemented by weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression and other methods, with results expressed as Beta coefficient.

Results

This study selected 19 SNPs closely related to physical activity as instrumental variables. The multiplicative random-effects Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) analysis revealed that moderate to vigorous physical activity was negatively associated with cognitive performance (Beta = −0.551; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46–0.72; p < 0.001). Consistent results were obtained using the fixed effects IVW model (Beta = −0.551; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.52–0.63; p < 0.001), weighted median (Beta = −0.424; OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.55–0.78; p < 0.001), simple mode (Beta = −0.467; OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.90; p < 0.001), and weighted mode (Beta = −0.504; OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44–0.83; p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI, smoking, sleep duration, and alcohol intake frequency, the multivariate MR analysis also showed a significant association between genetically predicted MVPA and cognitive performance, with Beta of −0.599 and OR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44–0.69; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that genetically predicted moderate to vigorous physical activity may be associated with a decline in cognitive performance.
Correlation of muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living in older adults
Authors: Liao Jinlin , Wang Jing , Jia Shuqi , Cai Zhidong , Liu Hairong
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between muscle strength, working memory, and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the pathways and effects of working memory in mediating the relationship between muscle strength and ADL.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 245 older adults individuals from nursing homes. We collected data on grip strength, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, the N-back task, and ADL. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, χ2 tests, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling.

Results

Grip strength significantly influenced ADL (effect size = −0.175, 95% CI: −0.226 to −0.124). Grip strength also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = −0.114, 95% CI: −0.161 to −0.067). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between grip strength and ADL (effect size = 0.054, 95% CI: −0.084 to −0.029). The 30-s sit-to-stand test significantly impacted ADL (effect size = −0.280, 95% CI: −0.358 to −0.203). It also had a significant direct effect on ADL (effect size = −0.095, 95% CI: −0.183 to −0.007). The 1-back task correct rate significantly mediated the relationship between the 30-s sit-to-stand test and ADL (effect size = −0.166, 95% CI: −0.236 to −0.106).

Conclusion

There exists a strong correlation between muscle strength, working memory, and ADL. Increased muscle strength leads to better ADL performance and improved working memory tasks. Low cognitive load working memory tasks can mediate the relationship between muscle strength and ADL. Regular physical exercise can enhance muscle strength, slow down the decline of working memory, thereby maintaining or improving ADL in older adults.
A dietary intervention with conjugated linoleic acid enhances microstructural white matter reorganization in experimental stroke
Authors: Straeten Frederike A. , Strecker Jan-Kolja , Börsch Anna-Lena , Maus Bastian , Hoppen Maike , Schmeddes Birgit , Härtel Lucia , Fleck Ann-Katrin , van Zyl Stephanie , Straeten Tabea , Beuker Carolin , Koecke Mailin , Mueller-Miny Louisa , Faber Cornelius , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Klotz Luisa , Minnerup Jens , Schmidt-Pogoda Antje
Published: September 2024

Background

A dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was shown to attenuate inflammation and increase the proportions of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-type macrophages in disease models such as autoimmune encephalitis and arteriosclerosis. Since Tregs and anti-inflammatory (M2-type) macrophages were found to enhance stroke recovery, we hypothesized that CLA-supplementation might improve stroke recovery via immune modulatory effects.

Methods

Functional assessment was performed over 90 days after induction of experimental photothrombotic stroke in wild type mice (n = 37, sham n = 10). Subsequently, immunological characterization of different immunological compartments (n = 16), ex vivo magnetic resonance (MR, n = 12) imaging and immunohistochemical staining (n = 8) was performed. Additionally, we tested the effect of CLA in vitro on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human stroke patients and healthy controls (n = 12).

Results

MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) demonstrated enhanced microstructural reorganization of interhemispheric white matter tracts, dependent on lesion size. Functional recovery over 90 days remained unaffected. Detailed immunological analyses across various compartments revealed no significant long-term immunological alterations due to CLA. However, analyses of human blood samples post-stroke showed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release by T-lymphocytes following in vitro treatment with CLA.

Conclusion

We aimed to explore the efficacy of a dietary intervention with minimal known side effects that could be accessible to human stroke patients, regardless of the degree of disability, and without the risks associated with aggressive immunomodulatory therapies. Our main findings include improved microstructural reorganization in small infarcts and a reduced inflammatory response of human T cells in vitro.
The relationship between the functional status of upper extremity motor neurons and motor function and prognosis in stroke patients
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Shao Zhen , Li Zhi , Wei Xiupan , Zong Lijuan , Wang Pei , Zhou Ting , Wang Hongxing
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study investigates the correlation between neuroelectrop-hysiological assessments such as motor unit number estimation (MUNE) and F-waves with upper extremity motor function and one-year prognosis in stroke patients.

Methods

Neuroelectrophysiological assessments of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, including MUNE and F-waves, were conducted. Upper extremity motor function was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between upper extremity motor function and variables such as MUNE and F-waves. ROC curve analysis assessed the predictive ability of MUNE and F-waves for upper extremity motor function, and binary logistic regression analysis examined factors related to motor function improvement 1 year post-discharge.

Results

A total of 130 patients were ultimately included. Significant differences in MUNE and occupancy rate of non-repeater F-waves (non-ORF) were found between hemiplegic and unaffected sides (p < 0.001), with a significant difference in F-wave mean latency (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between FMA-UE at admission and hemiplegic side’s MUNE and non-ORF (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated that hemiplegic side’s MUNE (β = 0.88, p < 0.001) and non-ORF (β = 0.275, p = 0.005) influenced FMA-UE. ROC analysis demonstrated higher predictive ability for hemiplegic side’s MUNE (AUC = 0.696, p < 0.001) than non-ORF (AUC = 0.622, p = 0.018). Binary logistic regression showed that hemiplegic side’s MUNE was associated with FMA-UE improvement 1 year post-discharge.

Conclusion

MUNE and F-waves are correlated with upper extremity motor function in patients, reflecting their motor function status. These indicators have good predictive value for motor function and are associated with the prognosis of upper extremity motor function to a certain extent.
Accurate locomotor activity profiles of group-housed mice derived from home cage monitoring data
Authors: Sun Rongwan , Gaerz Marie-Christin , Oeing Christian , Mai Knut , Brachs Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Holistic phenotyping of rodent models is increasing, with a growing awareness of the 3Rs and the fact that specialized experimental setups can also impose artificial restrictions. Activity is an important parameter for almost all basic and applied research areas involving laboratory animals. Locomotor activity, the main form of energy expenditure, influences metabolic rate, muscle mass, and body weight and is frequently investigated in metabolic disease research. Additionally, it serves as an indicator of animal welfare in therapeutic, pharmacological, and toxicological studies. Thus, accurate and effective measurement of activity is crucial. However, conventional monitoring systems often alter the housing environment and require handling, which can introduce artificial interference and lead to measurement inaccuracies.

Methods

Our study focused on evaluating circadian activity profiles derived from the DVC and comparing them with conventional activity measurements to validate them statistically and assess their reproducibility. We utilized data from metabolic studies, an Alzheimer’s disease model known for increased activity, and included DVC monitoring in a project investigating treatment effects on activity in a type-1-like diabetes model.

Results

The DVC data yielded robust, scientifically accurate, and consistent circadian profiles from group-housed mice, which is particularly advantageous for longitudinal experiments. The activity profiles from both systems were fully comparable, providing matching profiles. Using DVC monitoring, we confirmed the hyperactivity phenotype in an AD model and reproduced a decline in activity in type-1-like diabetes model.

Discussion

In our work, we derived robust circadian activity profiles from the DVC data of group-housed mice, which were scientifically accurate, reproducible and comparable to another activity measurement. This approach can not only improve animal welfare according to the 3R principles but can also be implement in high-throughput longitudinal studies. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of DVC activity measurements to highlight its potential and avoid confounders.
Adopting biorefinery and a circular bioeconomy for extracting and isolating natural products from marine algae
Authors: Zayed Ahmed , M. El-Seadawy Hosam , Attia Eman Zekry , I. Rushdi Mohammed , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: September 2024

Seaweeds or marine algae with their three main taxa are recognized as a potential pot for numerous products. This has been imperative to valorize their components at an industrial scale in the context of the sustainability goals of the United Nations (UN). Biorefinery approaches have been attempted for several decades to produce bioactive, biofuels, fine chemicals, and nutritional products from seaweeds. However, with the recent UN goals, climatic changes, and the global economic situation, it is essential to assess all the production processes involved concerning several factors. Numerous steps are performed following algae collection, including optimization of downstream processing (e.g., drying, extraction, and purification), in addition to suitable preservation to maintain products’ integrity till their usage. Moreover, breakthroughs in biotechnologies and the biological sciences are also targeted to achieve the goals of the blue circular bioeconomy which focuses on renewable resources of foods, drug discovery, and energy, while preserving the ocean ecosystem. Hence, the current article provided new insights into the various processes to valorize marine algae in the frame of circular bioeconomy and sustainability concepts.
Caloric restriction impacts skin barrier function and attenuates the development of hyperplasia skin disease
Authors: Tang Huihao , Li Jianzhou , Jin Mengyu , Li Chengliang , Zhai Chuntao , Wang Juan , Huang Taomin , Ding Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

Caloric restriction (CR) stands out as one of the most potent interventions that prolong lifespan and mitigate age-associated diseases. Despite its well-established systemic effects, the impact of CR on skin physiological function remains poorly understood, and whether the intervention can alleviate the progression of inflammatory skin diseases remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the effects of CR on mouse skin barrier function and inflammatory response. Our results revealed that CR led to dramatic atrophy in the skin subcutaneous layer. The expression of barrier proteins and trans-epidermal water loss remain largely unchanged. Intriguingly, skin from CR mice exhibited reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines under steady conditions. In an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis, CR treatment attenuated the pathogenesis of psoriasis phenotypes, accompanied by a reduced activation of mTOR signaling in the psoriatic skin. Taken together, our findings shed light on the complex interplay between metabolic interventions and skin health, suggesting that CR has the potential to serve as a modulator of inflammatory responses in the skin.
Clinical significance of acidic extracellular microenvironment modulated genes
Authors: Kato Yasumasa , Mawatari Kotori
Published: September 2024

Background

The extracellular pH (pHe) is known to be acidic. We investigated the effect of mild (pHe 6.8) and severe (pHe 5.9) acidosis on gene expression in mouse B16-BL6 melanoma cells using cDNA microarray analysis and compared them with the acidic pHe dependence of human tumors.

Methods

B16-BL6 cells were treated with pHe 7.4 (control), pHe 6.8, and pHe 5.9. The mRNA expression was analyzed by using the cDNA microarray. Heat map, volcano plot, and gene ontology enrichment analysis were performed. The data were compared with the gene signatures of published data GSE52031 and GSE8401 and compared with the pathological staging by GEPIA2, and the prognostic signature of proteins was searched by the Human Protein Atlas database. If the acidic pHe-induced and -reduced genes were correlated with shortened and prolonged survival times, respectively, and also correlated with pathological staging, we defined it as “hit” and counted the sum of hit points of eight types of tumors such as breast, colorectal, prostate, gastric, liver, prostate, lung, and head and neck and melanoma.

Results

Gene expression was differentially and commonly regulated by both pHes. The number of genes upregulated fourfold or more at pHe 6.8 and 5.9 only for 25 and 131 genes, respectively, and 85 genes were common. The number of genes downregulated fourfold or less at pHe 6.8 and 5.9 only for 63 and 82 genes, respectively, and 118 genes were common. Compared with human mRNA expression data (GSE8401), there is no correlation with the overall pattern of the signature. In seven types of cancer (breast, colorectal, gastric, liver, prostate, lung, and head and neck) and melanoma, the relationship between acidic pHe-modulated gene expression and overall survival was evaluated. As a result, acidic pHe dependency contributing to prognosis was higher in colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancers and lower in prostate cancer.

Conclusion

Tumor classification based on response to extracellular acidic pHe will provide new insights into chemotherapy strategy for patients with tumors.
Potential therapies for non-coding RNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Li Ruonan , Ji Yuxin , Ye Ruyin , Tang Guohui , Wang Wenrui , Chen Changjie , Yang Qingling
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the frequent tumors that seriously endanger the physical and mental well-being in women with strong heterogeneity, and its pathogenesis involves multiple risk factors. Depending on the type of BC, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the current systemic treatment options along with conventional chemotherapy. Despite significant progress in understanding BC pathogenesis and therapeutic options, there is still a need to identify new therapeutic targets and develop more effective treatments. According to recent sequencing and profiling studies, non-coding (nc) RNAs genes are deregulated in human cancers via deletion, amplification, abnormal epigenetic, or transcriptional regulation, and similarly, the expression of many ncRNAs is altered in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. The ability of single ncRNAs to regulate the expression of multiple downstream gene targets and related pathways provides a theoretical basis for studying them for cancer therapeutic drug development and targeted delivery. Therefore, it is far-reaching to explore the role of ncRNAs in tumor development and their potential as therapeutic targets. Here, our review outlines the potential of two major ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as targets for new therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
Appraisal of postbiotics in cancer therapy
Authors: Sudaarsan Aruna Senthil Kumar , Ghosh Asit Ranjan
Published: September 2024

Cancer remains a multifactorial disease with an increased mortality rate around the world for the past several decades. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, lower survival rates, drug-associated side effects, and drug resistance create a need for novel anticancer agents. Ample evidence shows that imbalances in the gut microbiota are associated with the formation of cancer and its progression. Altering the gut microbiota via probiotics and their metabolites has gained attention among the research community as an alternative therapy to treat cancer. Probiotics exhibit health benefits as well as modulate the immunological and cellular responses in the host. Apart from probiotics, their secreted products like bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, peptidoglycan, and other metabolites are found to possess anticancer activity. The beneficiary role of these postbiotic compounds is widely studied for characterizing their mechanism and mode of action that reduces cancer growth. The present review mainly focuses on the postbiotic components that are employed against cancer with their reported mechanism of action. It also describes recent research works carried out so far with specific strain and anticancer activity of derived compounds both in vitro and in vivo, validating that the probiotic approach would pave an alternative way to reduce the burden of cancer.
Antioxidant properties of allium turcicum Özhatay & cowley plant extract, its effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells
Authors: İPEK Polat , Baran Ayse , Cebe Deniz Barış , Ahmadian Elham , Eftekhari Aziz , Baran Mehmet Fırat
Published: September 2024

Cancer is a type of non-communicable disease that is responsible for numerous deaths worldwide. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are on the rise due to a combination of factors, such as a growing population, aging, and poor dietary habits. The Allium turcicum Özhatay & Cowley plant is an endemic plant in the area where it grows and is consumed by the public due to its various benefits. This endemic plant, which generally grows in high-altitude regions, is sold in bunches because it is costly, mixed with rock salt, crushed into powder, and consumed as a spice. The cytotoxic and growth-inhibitory effects of A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley herb extract on human glioblastoma U373 cells, human colorectal carcinoma cell HCT-116, and healthy HUVEC cell lines were determined by the MTT method. After 24 and 48 h of application, logIC50 values in HUVEC, HCT-116, and U373 cells were defined as 3.737, 3.765; 3.513, 3.696, 4.476, and 4.104 μg/mL, respectively. We conducted a cell migration experiment to study the A. turcicum Özhatay & Cowley Extract (ATÖCE) impact on cancer cells’ metastatic behavior. Our findings indicate that ATÖCE has an inhibitory effect on the migration potential of the cells used in the study. We conducted experiments using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and total phenolic content to assess the antioxidant properties of ATÖCE. The findings from the antioxidant activity experiments revealed an activity level of 0.20 ± 0.046 at IC50. Additionally, the total phenolic content was measured to be 0.26 ± 0.044 mg GAE/g.
Advances in the pharmacological mechanisms of berberine in the treatment of fibrosis
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Liang Qingzhi , Wang Yifan , Xiong Shuai , Yue Rensong
Published: September 2024

The rising incidence of fibrosis poses a major threat to global public health, and the continuous exploration of natural products for the effective treatment of fibrotic diseases is crucial. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely used clinically for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic pharmacological effects. Until now, researchers have worked to explore the mechanisms of BBR for the treatment of fibrosis, and multiple studies have found that BBR attenuates fibrosis through different pathways such as TGF-β/Smad, AMPK, Nrf2, PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and Notch/snail axis. This review describes the anti-fibrotic mechanism of BBR and its derivatives, and the safety evaluation and toxicity studies of BBR. This provides important therapeutic clues and strategies for exploring new drugs for the treatment of fibrosis. Nevertheless, more studies, especially clinical studies, are still needed. We believe that with the continuous implementation of high-quality studies, significant progress will be made in the treatment of fibrosis.
Evaluation of the beneficial effects of a GABA-based product containing Melissa officinalis on post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome: a preclinical study
Authors: Lucarini Elena , Benvenuti Laura , Di Salvo Clelia , D’Antongiovanni Vanessa , Pellegrini Carolina , Valdiserra Giulia , Ciampi Clara , Antonioli Luca , Lambiase Christian , Cancelli Lorenzo , Grosso Antonio , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Bellini Massimo , Ghelardini Carla , Fornai Matteo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Visceral pain represents the most common digestive issue, frequently resulting from long-term inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. The lack of effective drugs prompted search of new therapeutic approaches. In this regard, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Melissa officinalis (Mo) appear as excellent candidates as they were recognized to have several positive effects on the digestive system. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of a compound containing GABA and Mo (GABA-Mo 5:1) in inflammation-induced intestinal damage and visceral pain.

Methods

Colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) administration. DNBS-treated animals received GABA-Mo (80 mg/kg BID), starting 3 days before DNBS administration, until 14 days after colitis induction (preventive protocol), or starting 7 days after DNBS until day 21 (curative protocol). Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the viscero-motor response (VMR) and the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) to colorectal distension on day 7, 14 (both protocols) and 21 (curative protocol) after DNBS administration.

Results

In the preventive protocol, GABA-Mo reduced AWR at day 14 but had no effect on VMR. In the spinal cord, treatment with GABA-Mo significantly prevented microglia reactivity (Iba-1 positive cells). In the colon, the supplement significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA, index of oxidative stress) and IL-1β levels and counteracted the decreased expression of claudin-1. Moreover, GABA-Mo normalized the increased levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP, index of altered intestinal permeability). In the curative protocol, GABA-Mo significantly counteracted visceral hypersensitivity persistence in DNBS-treated animals (day 14 and 21). In the spinal cord, GABA-Mo significantly reduced GFAP positive cell density (astrocytes). Histological evaluations highlighted a mild but significant effect of GABA-Mo in promoting healing from DNBS-induced colon damage. Colonic MDA and myeloperoxidase (index of leukocyte infiltration) levels were reduced, while the decreased colonic claudin-1 expression was normalized. In addition, the increased levels of plasma LBP were normalized by GABA-Mo administration.

Discussion

In conclusion GABA-Mo, particularly in the curative protocol, was able to reduce visceral pain and intestinal inflammation, likely through a reinforcement of intestinal barrier integrity, thus representing a suitable approach for the management of abdominal pain, especially in the remission stages of colitis.
Metabolic and vascular imaging markers for investigating Alzheimer’s disease complicated by sleep fragmentation in mice
Authors: Han Xiaoning , Liu Guanshu , Lee Sang Soo , Yang Xiuli , Wu Mark N. , Lu Hanzhang , Wei Zhiliang
Published: September 2024

Background

Sleep problem is a common complication of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Extensive preclinical studies have been performed to investigate the AD pathology. However, the pathophysiological consequence of AD complicated by sleep problem remains to be further determined.

Purpose

To investigate brain metabolism and perfusion in an AD mouse model complicated by sleep problem, and subsequently identify potential imaging markers to better understand the associated pathophysiology.

Methods

We examined the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) using state-of-the-art MRI techniques in a cohort of 5xFAD model mice. Additionally, neuroinflammation, indicated by activated microglia, was assessed using histology techniques. Sleep fragmentation (SF) was utilized as a representative for sleep problems.

Results

SF was associated with significant increases in OEF (P = 0.023) and CMRO2 (P = 0.029), indicating a state of hypermetabolism. CBF showed a significant genotype-by-sleep interaction effect (P = 0.026), particularly in the deep brain regions such as the hippocampus and thalamus. Neuroinflammation was primarily driven by genotype rather than SF, especially in regions with significant interaction effect in CBF measurements.

Conclusion

These results suggest that brain metabolism and perfusion measurements are promising markers for studying the co-pathogenesis of AD and SF.
Quality detection and grading of peach fruit based on image processing method and neural networks in agricultural industry
Authors: Luo Dan , Luo Rong , Cheng Jie , Liu Xin
Published: September 2024

The grading of products is important in many ways. One of the important activities after harvesting agricultural products is product grading based on shape and color dimensions. This activity in the agricultural transformation industries, Bas Controller, improves various processes on fruits and vegetables with the same dimensions, which improves the storage conditions of the product, creates added value for the farmer, and gives the consumer the power to choose. The main focus of this study is the application of image processing in the field of identification and classification of fruits. It is an application that has received much less attention than other applications of image processing. The proposed systems presented in this article, are software solutions based on image processing techniques, including histogram matching techniques, for detection, Sable edge detection algorithms, Private edge and Kenny edge, Otsu threshold limit, and clustering method It is an automatic mean and classification of different degrees of fruit. In addition, it has been mentioned more about the examination and description of product grading and clustering methods, that by using the proposed application hardware and its connection with the software, a big step can be taken in product quality grading. This method can be used in product classification and packaging. The accuracy rate for peaches, lemons, apples, and tomatoes is 94.58%, 88.23%, 70%, and 93.33%, respectively. The best accuracy for all 20 sample levels is for peach fruit.
Responses of transcriptome and metabolome in peanut leaves to dibutyl phthalate during whole growth period
Authors: Fan Lixia , Zhang Bingchun , Ning Mingxiao , Quan Shuangjun , Guo Changying , Cui Kai , Chen Lu , Yan Mengmeng , Ren Xianfeng
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The application of agricultural film mulching technology has significantly contributed to increasing crop yield and income, but the pollution caused by residual film has seriously affected agricultural production and the natural environment. Agricultural film is commonly employed to enhance the yield of peanuts; its use may lead to excessive dibutyl phthalate (DBP) residues in peanut kernels. But, limited investigations have been conducted on the regulatory mechanism of peanut leaves in response to DBP exposure throughout the entire growth period.

Methods

To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated the differences in transcriptome and metabolome of peanut leaves under DBP stress.

Results

According to visual observations, the results of morphological response showed that the growth of peanut plants was significantly inhibited from seedling to pod stage under DBP treatment. Transcriptomic analysis results showed that the genes AH19G05510 (LRR receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase) and AH20G31870 (disease resistance), belonging to the FAR1 family and bZIP family respectively, may be key genes involved in the resistance to DBP stress throughout its growth stages. Metabolomic analysis results showed that during the initial stage of DBP stress, the key metabolites in peanut leaves response to stress were carboxylic acids and derivatives, as well as fatty acyls. As peanut growth progressed, flavonoids gradually became more prominent in the resistance to DBP stress. By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, we have identified that purine metabolism during seedling and flowering stages, as well as the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways during pod and maturity stages, played a crucial role in response to DBP stress.

Discussion

These findings not only provide valuable key gene and metabolic information for studying anti-plasticizer pollution throughout the entire growth period of peanuts, but also offer reference for enhancing crop resistance to plasticizer pollution through genetic modification and metabolic regulation.
Anxiety—depression: a pivotal mental factor for accelerating disease progression and reducing curative effect in vitiligo patients
Authors: Cao Cheng , Lin Fuquan , Jin Rong , Lei Jindi , Zheng Yujie , Sheng Anqi , Xu Wen , Xu Aie , Zhou Miaoni
Published: September 2024

Objective

To clarify the causal relationship between anxiety-depression and the progression and outcomes of vitiligo, providing a basis for enhancing psychological interventions in the treatment of vitiligo.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to validate the causal relationship between anxiety, depression, and vitiligo. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed the psychiatric condition of vitiligo patients. Fisher’s chi-square tests and rank sum tests analyzed the differences in clinical characteristics among vitiligo patients with different HADS scores. Regression analysis assessed the correlation between anxiety-depression and disease progression and treatment outcomes.

Results

Mendelian randomization analysis showed that depression significantly increases the risk of vitiligo (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.16–17.18, p = 0.03). According to the HADS scores, clinical characteristics differed significantly among the groups (p < 0.05). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that both HADS (B = –1.168, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −1.532 to −0.804) and VIDA (B = –2.157, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −3.464 to −0.887) were significantly negative associated factors for disease outcomes. However, HADS (B = –1.006, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −1.475 to −0.657) emerged as the only factor influencing therapeutic efficacy in multivariate regression analysis. A restricted cubic spline graph illustrates a U-shaped relationship between HADS and clinical efficacy, with the most significant impact on therapeutic efficacy occurring when HADS equals 15.

Conclusion

Anxiety—depression exhibit a bidirectional positive causal relationship with vitiligo. Moderate to severe anxiety-depression significantly influences the clinical efficacy of vitiligo treatment.
The influence of achievement motivation on the educational practice ability of pre-service teachers: the multiple mediating role of professional identity and learning engagement
Authors: Peng Yanhong , Zhang Cai
Published: September 2024

Objective

According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development, focus on exploring the mechanism of person characteristics (achievement motivation) in their own development (improvement of educational practice ability).

Method

A survey was conducted on 1,225 pre-service teachers in Anhui Province, China, using the Achievement Motivation Scale, Professional Identity Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Educational Practice Ability Scale.

Results

(1) Achievement motivation can significantly and positively predict pre-service teachers’ educational practice ability; (2) Achievement motivation can indirectly affect pre-service teachers’ educational practice ability through the mediating effects of professional identity and learning engagement; (3) Professional identity and learning engagement play a chain mediated role in the impact of achievement motivation on pre-service teachers’ educational practice ability.
Causal effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on autoimmune thyroid disease: insights from mendelian randomization
Authors: Chen Zhaorong , Yu Yunfeng , Yao Jiayu , Guo Zirui , Cui Yanhui , Li Fang , Li Changqi
Published: September 2024

Objective

The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) needs further evaluation. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal correlations of PTSD with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease (GD).

Methods

Datasets for PTSD, AIT, and GD were obtained from FinnGen. The exposure-outcome causal relationship was assessed using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated through the MR-Egger intercept, heterogeneity was examined using Cochran’s Q test, and robustness was assessed via leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.

Results

MR analysis indicated no significant causal relationship between PTSD and AIT (OR 0.920, 95% CI 0.832 to 1.017, p = 0.103), but a potential increase in the risk of GD associated with PTSD (OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.008 to 1.105, p = 0.021). MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05), and Cochran’s Q showed no heterogeneity (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis suggested the MR results were robust.

Conclusions

Evidence of an MR association between genetic liability to PTSD and an increased risk of GD were provided, but no evidence of association between PTSD and AIT. The findings indicate that individuals with PTSD may have an increased likelihood of developing GD, underscoring the importance of further research to comprehend the intricate interplay between PTSD and thyroid disorders.
Psychosomatic health status and corresponding comorbid network analysis of college students in traditional Chinese medicine schools
Authors: Yi Shuang , Hu Xingang , Wang Chengzhe , Ge Jieqian , Ma Zixiang , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms are highly comorbid and represent the most prevalent psychosomatic health issues. Few studies have investigated the network structure of psychosomatic symptoms among traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) students. This study aims to investigate the psychosomatic health status of college students in TCM universities, while simultaneously constructing a network structure of common somatic symptoms and psychological symptoms.

Methods

Online investigation was conducted among 665 students from a university of Chinese medicine. Health Status Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) were used to assess the mental symptoms and physical status of participants. With the R software processing, a network model of psychosomatic symptoms was constructed. Specifically, we computed the predictability (PRE), expected influence (EI), and bridging expected influence (BEI) of each symptom. Meanwhile, the stability and accuracy of the network were evaluated using the case-deletion bootstrap method.

Results

Among the participants, 277 (41.65%) subjects exhibited depressive symptoms, and 244 (36.69%) subjects showed symptoms of anxiety. Common somatic symptoms included fatigue, forgetfulness, sighing, thirst, and sweating. Within the psychosomatic symptoms network, “ worrying too much about things “, “uncontrollable worries” and “weakness” exhibited the high EI and PRE, suggesting they are central symptoms. “ Little interest or pleasure in doing things,” “ feeling down, depressed, or hopeless,” “ dyssomnia,” and “sighing” with high BEI values demonstrated that they are bridging symptoms in the comorbid network.

Conclusion

The psychosomatic health status of college students in traditional Chinese medicine schools is concerning, showing high tendencies for depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. There exists a complex relationship between somatic symptoms and psychological symptoms among students. “ Worrying too much about things “, “uncontrollable worries” and “weakness” enable to serve as comorbid intervention targets for anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms. Addressing “ little interest or pleasure in doing things,” “ feeling down, depressed, or hopeless,” “ dyssomnia,” and “sighing” may effectively prevent the mutual transmission between psychological and physical symptoms. The network model highlighting the potential targeting symptoms to intervene in the treatment of psychosomatic health.