bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Length of stay in Acute Medical Admissions: Analysis from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit
Authors:   Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK. ORCiD ID = 0000-0003-0596-8515., Atkin Catherine , Knight Thomas ,   Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK. ORCiD ID = 0000-0003-0596-8515., Cooksley Tim ,   Consultant in Acute Medicine, Manchester University Foundation Trust and The Christie, Manchester, UK, Holland Mark ,   Department of Acute Medicine, Airedale Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Keighley, West Yorkshire, BD20 6TD, Subbe Chris ,   School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University & Consultant Acute, Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK. ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3110-8888, Kennedy Adrian ,   MBBS BSc MSc MRCP Consultant Physician Tauranga Hospital, Private Bag 12024 Bay of Plenty District Health Board New Zealand, Varia Ragit ,   Departments of Acute Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK, M23 9LT and The Christie, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK. ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6114-1956, Lasserson Daniel ,   Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Medical admissions to hospitals represent a diverse range of patients, from those managed on ambulatory pathways through Same-Day Emergency Care (SDEC) services to those requiring prolonged inpatient admission. An understanding of current patterns of admission through acute medicine services and patient factors associated with longer hospital admission is needed to guide service planning and improvement. Methods: Data from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit (SAMBA) 2021 were analysed. Patients admitted to acute medicine services during a 24-hour period on 17th June 2021 were included, with data recording patient demographics, frailty score, acuity and follow-up of outcomes after seven days. Results: 8101 unplanned medical admissions were included, from 156 hospitals. 31.6% were discharged without overnight admission; the median hospital performance was 30.1% (IQR 19.3-39.3%). 22.1% of patients remained in the hospital for more than 7 days. Those remaining in hospital for more than 48 hours and for more than seven days were more likely to be aged over 70, to be frail, or to have a NEWS2 of 3 or more on arrival to the hospital. Conclusion: The proportion of acute medical attendances receiving overnight admission varies between hospitals. Length of stay is impacted by patient factors and illness acuity. Strategies to reduce inpatient service pressures must ensure effective care for older patients and those with frailty.
Auf der Suche nach einem zeitgemässen Lernverständnis
Authors: Halser David
Published: March 2022

Ausgelöst durch die Gründung einer neuen Schuleinheit haben wir uns 2009 aufgemacht, die Möglichkeiten der Digitalität für das Lernen zu erkunden. Dabei durften wir wertvolle Erfahrungen sammeln und viel über das Lernen der Schüler*innen, aber auch von uns Lehrpersonen und als Institution lernen. Mein Entwicklungsbericht nimmt die Leser*innen mit zu einigen Stationen auf unserem Weg. Dem erzählenden Teil stelle ich einen kritischen Rück- und einen nicht weniger kritischen Ausblick zur Seite in der Hoffnung, durch die Verbindung von Erfahrung und Reflexion ein nachvollziebares Ganzes entstehen zu lassen. Und vielleicht findet der*die eine oder andere Leser*in darin seine*ihre eigene Schulentwicklung wieder.
Digital Mental Health und Schule
Authors: Pelzer Clarissa , Pletschko Thomas
Published: March 2022

Noch vor kurzer Zeit sprachen wir von einer „Technology Crisis in Neuropsychology“ (Miller & Barr, 2017), heute sind Avatare und virtueller Unterricht, dessen Inanspruchnahme durch die Covid-19-Pandemie deutlich in den Vordergrund gerückt ist, zunehmend Teil des Alltags. Auch im Gesundheitsbereich nehmen e-Health oder Digital Health Angebote zu und erlangen einen immer größeren Stellenwert (WHO, 2021). Wie aber kann dazu beigetragen werden, dass die psychische Gesundheit im Digitalisierungszeitalter auch in der Schule gefördert wird? Wie können Kinder mit gesundheitsbezogenen Einschränkungen den schulischen Alltag gut meistern? Und welche Technologien können die schulische Teilhabe in besonderem Maß unterstützen?
Dissimilar Perspectives and Facts about Procedure of Amenorrhea Between Fledgling Ladies
Authors: Hassan Haseeb Ul , Manzoor Khizra , Haider Quratulain , Fatima Tahira , Ahmed Moinuddin , Ahmed Nauman
Published: March 2022

Objective: This investigation work aimed to find out the awareness and numerous perspectives towards the procedure of mensuration between ladies of fledgling age. Methodology: This descriptive investigation work carried out in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and its remote areas from December 2017 to November 2018. The selection of the 500 ladies carried out from remote areas of hospital and students of this institute with the help of non-probability sampling method. Ladies present with the abnormalities in amenorrhea procedure or suffering from other gynecological problems were excluded from this investigation work. All the selected ladies were in their menstruating age regardless of their marriage and education stage. SPSS V. 22 was in use for the arithmetical exploration of the collected information. We recorded all the information of a well-organized Performa. Results: Out of total five hundred participants, 84.5% (n: 415) ladies stated that this procedure is beneficial for health; however, 18.5% (n: 85) felt that this incident was not healthy. Out of total five hundred ladies, 88.65% (n: 438) ladies regarded the procedure of amenorrhea as normal procedure, while 13.45% (n: 62) ladies thought this as God’s curse. Conclusion: Health education of the ladies particularly living in the rural areas is much necessary. Health education will prepare the ladies emotionally to face this procedure of amenorrhea with less adverse reactions. Faulty perception, un-acfactsment and unsecure practices about the procedure of amenorrhea are very common between ladies of fledgling age. Keywords: Arithmetical, exploration, unsecure, Sampling, amenorrhea, Performa, abnormalities.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Depression among Public Secondary School Females Students in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almatham Fahad A , , Almutairi Salma H. , Abdall Sawsan M. , Alanazi Renad B , Almimony Ohood L , Almotairi Sarah S , Obaid Atheer M Al-
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Depression is a state of low mood for more than two weeks associated with feelings of sadness or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and home. Depression is more common among females than males and many risk factors contribute to depression. Objectives: To study the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression among public secondary school female students in Majmaah city in the duration of 2019-2020. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional institutional-based study among public secondary school female students in Majmaah city was performed from 2019-2020. The sample was 400 students, randomly selected from 6 secondary schools, and the consent form was taken from each participant. The permission was taken from the ethical committee in the university. Result: There were 400 students involved in this study, based on findings shows that 32.25% of the students were having depression while 67.75 have no depression .It was found that most of the students had the risk factors that could be associated with depression such as losing an important person in their life, 38.8% (n=155); life stress, 26.5% (n=106); previous episodes of depression or anxiety, 26.8% (n=107); problems at school or with friends, 20.5% (n=82); family problems, 14% (n=56); and exposure to bullying, 11.3% (n=45). Conclusion: Based on findings, 32.25% of the students were having depression while 67.75 have no depression. The majority of them had mild depression 36.50%, 17.75 % had moderate depression, 11.75% had moderately severe depression, and 2.75% had severe depression.
Prevalence of Eating Disorder among Students of Health Science Colleges in Majamaah University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Loni Shamshad Begum , Sami Waqas , Elhaleem Zeinab A. Abd- , Ejiel Madania Mohammed Nore Idrees , Gadir Mohammed Abdel Gadir Ghazali Abdel , Khan Mohammad Owais
Published: March 2022

Background: Due to internationalization Arab nations have witnessed significant lifestyle changes leading to perceptions of body dissatisfaction among young Arabs. Objective: Owing to the rise in prevalence of EDs and behaviors among the youth, the study was taken up to assess the prevalence of EDs and determine the correlation between EDs and BMI among health science students at Majmaah University, KSA. Brief methods: EAT 26 standardized self-reported questionnaires was used. BMI calculated by Quetelet index. The data from the sampling figure was collected using systematic random sampling. A general medical examination and brief personal, family, and prior histories were conducted. Results: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 90 females and 35 males aged 18-25 yrs. Mean ± SD BMI was 25.6±5.1(males) and 22.9±4.9(females).Of total 18.4% (under wt), 63.4% (normal wt), 26.8% (ow), and 18.4% (obese). Positive EAT-26 was observed in 35.2% with Mean±SD 29.05±8.7t (123) = 14.9 p<.00001. Highest proportion 56% participants (60% males and 54.4% females) was observed for the behavior "Exercise 60 minutes per day" while least was observed with weight loss of ≥9 Kgs in last six months 8% (5.7% male and 8.9% female).Our study revealed compared to males, females are more “conscious of calorie content of the food they eat” (p =.0013), and “gave too much time and thought to food” (p =.02).Our results though on higher side are consistent with other studies across the Arab countries. Our research supports that BMI is a significant indicator of EDs. Conclusion: Most adults have physical and psychological issues due to unhealthy foods consumption and opting for ideal body. Early diagnosis and prevention of ED complications are essential by conducting programs to encourage healthy eating habits and behaviors.
Parental Perspective Regarding Consanguineous Marriages as the Cause for Speech and Language Disorders in Pakistan
Authors: Irshad Iqra , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Saeed Bareera , Rashid Amna , Ikram Atif , Raheem Amreen , Masood Fahad , Rehman Atia-Ur-
Published: March 2022

Background: Consanguineous connections are portrayed as connections between close relatives. These relationships are generally preferred in the majority of Asian and African nations particularly in the Muslim nations. Nonetheless, it is clear that these sorts of marriages have higher risk of congenital anomalies and disorders in children. Objective: To determine the parental perspective regarding consanguineous marriages as the cause for speech and language disorders in children. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted through different hospital and centers in Lahore, Pakistan (Mayo Hospital, Services hospital, Autism Resource center and The University of Lahore Teaching hospital). Questionnaire will be used and compromised of questions. Data was collected through standardized questionnaire after taking the consent and was distributed among the consanguineous parents who have children with speech and language disorders. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaire. The data was collected using the online questionnaire as well. Results score was recorded for every respondent. Results: The study showed that majority of the people thought that consanguinity cannot lead to speech and language disorders in children. Conclusion: According to my research, although there is higher frequency of speech and language disorders recorded among consanguineous marriages than non-consanguineous marriages but majority of the people had a trend and preference for cousin marriages. Keywords: Consanguinity, Cousin Marriage, parental attitude, speech problems, language disorders, perception, Pakistan
Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Pelvic Fractures Managed by External Fixator: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Khan Asfandyar , Khalid Karim Syed Muhammad , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Lal Madan , Khan Abdul Rehman , Soomro Zahoor Illahi , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with pelvic fractures managed by an external fixator Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad Pakistan from march 2020 to march 2021. Methodology: The study included patients with unstable pelvic fractures who were treated with an external fixator. The study enlisted the participation of thirteen patients. The patients ranged in age from 23 to 55 years old, with eleven male and two female patients. Ten patients were injured in a car accident, and three were injured after falling from a height. Radiological evaluation X-rays, abdominal Ultrasound, and 3D – CT with anteroposterior, inlet, and outlet views were performed Results: Although four patients required additional internal fixation and reconstruction plating, thirteen patients were stabilized with an external fixator in our study, and no one died. The fundamental advantage of this treatment is that it keeps the reduction in place, resulting in a tamponade effect that minimizes bleeding and makes patient transfer easier. Conclusion: External fixators are proving to be effective in treating a variety of complicated pelvic fractures, and our findings suggest that it is operational in an emergency and can be sustained as an ultimate treatment for type B and C pelvic injuries. Keywords: External fixator, Injuries, Fractures, Pelvic, Orthopaedics
Comparison of Degree of Agreement Between MRI and Histopathology in T Staging of Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Asghar M. Rizwan , Akhter Tayyiba , Asghar Aisha
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy that has a high death and morbidity rate. It's caused by aberrant cell proliferation with the capacity to infiltrate and spread to other portions of the body. Objective: The main objective of the study is to compare the degree of agreement between MRI and histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. 12 Feb 2019 to 11 Feb 2020. MRI of the pelvis performed using a 1.5 tesla MRT 1580 scanner. All the results were interpreted by our senior radiologist and T-stage was noted according to MRI findings. All histopathological examinations performed. Both MRI and histopathology were separately place. Results: The mean age of patients was 46.45±13.38 years, 25(25%) patients were with underweight BMI and obese BMI patients were 36(36%). In our study the agreement between the MRI and histopathology was found in 77(77%) patients. Conclusion: According to our study results the MRI had good agreement with histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma.
Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone (IVT) Injection on Visual Acuity in Patients with Ischemic CRVO
Authors: din Salahud , Khan Zubairullah , Khan Muhammad Ayub , . Afrasiab , Aziz Abdul , Chaudhari Mariam Zakia
Published: March 2022

Aim: To govern the intravitreal injection effect of triamcinolone (IVT) on visual acuity in patients with ischemic central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO). Study Design: A randomized clinical trial. Methods:The patients with ischemic event of CRVO less than amonth who were referred to the ophthalmology departmentof Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and Woman Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad. Patents were included for the duration from March 2021 to August 2021.Inclusion criteria were: < one month duration of CRVO, normal intraocular pressure, no symptoms of hypertensive or diabetic retinopathy, history of eye surgery or laser therapy, and no vascular disease. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: control group (no injection) and intervention group (0.1 cc IVT injection). Follow-up is scheduled for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after injection for all patients. The main outcomes of the study were evaluated and used for statistical analysis were SPSS software version 21.0 ion test-t statistical test. Results:70 patients (36 men and 34 women) participated in the study. 62.1 ± 8.9 was the mean age of patients (range: 30-80). The time of symptoms was 20 ± 4.9 days in the control group and in the IVT group; duration was 19 ± 6 days (p = 0.65). All subjects had symptoms of ischemic CRVO. The IVT group has mean baseline visual acuity of 1.80 ± 0.19 logMAR and in the control group; it was 1.91 ± 0.08 logMAR (p = 0.1). The enhancement in VA in the IVT group was better after one month as compared to the control group (p = 0.018); though, this variance was not significant in other control studies. Also, before and after injection; the alteration in IOP was not significant (p = 0.802). Conclusions: This analysisexhibited that triamcinolone intravitreal injection had no substantial long-term outcome on visual acuity among CRVO patients. Keywords:Triamcinolone, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Information Knowledge Management System
Authors:   School of Education Library, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science andHigher Education for Women, Coimbatore-641 108, Tamil Nadu, India, Mukshmi Subbu
Published: March 2022

We discuss main formalisations of information and knowledge available in literature. Knowledge is considered as a meaning of data for an actor who can understand and use it. The actor can be a computer, a robot, a human being or even a virus. We make an assumption that the usage of knowledge depends on material data carrier only as much as the latter allows one to perform operations and restricts knowledge processing through capacity and time. This permits one to consider knowledge abstractly. Knowledge handling requires some tools that are called knowledge systems. These systems have different forms and they can be connected in various ways as it follows from the analysed publications. A metrics of knowledge is discussed that reflects the capability of solving problems.
Kesehatan Pariwisata: Pendekatan Integratif untuk Memperkuat Keamanan Kesehatan Global: Orasi Ilmiah
Authors: Wirawan I Made Ady
Published: March 2022

Analisis konsep dan penelitian-penelitian terkait kesehatan pariwisata sudah dilakukan sebelum adanya pandemi COVID-19. Adanya pandemi ini meyakinkan kita bahwa di daerah destinasi wisata, kesehatan dan pariwisata adalah dua sektor yang tidak terpisahkan, saling memerlukan satu dengan lainnya. Pendekatan integratif yang ditawarkan dalam konsep kesehatan pariwisata mencakup berbagai upaya untuk menjangkau semua pihak, lintas sektoral, melibatkan lintas keilmuan dengan tujuan akhir adalah terciptanya kondisi yang disebut dengan “pariwisata sehat”, sebuah situasi dimana wisatawan tetap sehat, masyarakat lokal juga sehat, pelaku di industri pariwisata tetap sehat serta didukung oleh lingkungan yang mengutamakan aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan. Orasi ilmiah ini akan mengulas secara umum hubungan antara pariwisata dan kesehatan masyarakat, konsep dan ruang lingkup upaya kesehatan pariwisata, serta bagaimana pendekatan kesehatan pariwisata dapat meningkatkan keamanan kesehatan global (global health security).
Effectiveness of sensitization programme
Authors: Tyagi Shiv Shankar , Balusamy Prema
Published: March 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It affects the lungs and other organs.  The disease is spread through the air when people who are sick with pulmonary TB expel the bacteria. Most productive age group is affected by tuberculosis. In India, 70% of all patients are aged between 15 and 54 years and 2/3 rd of male are affected with tuberculosis. The first effective pharmacological therapies were discovered. For drug-susceptible TB illness, a 6-month regimen of four first-line medicines is presently recommended: isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. AIM- Effectiveness of Sensitization Programme: infection prevention and control among patient with tuberculosis. Methodology- A Quantitative Quasi experimental research approach was used for the study. Tuberculosis patient registered with dots Centre in Rohilkhand medical college & Hospital(Experimental group) Bareilly District and Varun arjun Medical college & Rohilkhand Hospital (Control Group) Banthara, Shahjahanpur district. The level of knowledge was assessed using structured knowledge questionnaire and practice was observed by practice checklist. The pre test was conducted, Intervention was implemented and post test  knowledge, practice and Attitude were assessed for the experimental group.
Effect of Oxalic Acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on Release of Fixed Potassium and Basal Distance of Smectite in Smectitic Soils
Authors: Nursyamsi Dedi
Published: March 2022

Laboratory experiment aimed to study effect of oxalic acid, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on the release of fixed potassium and basal distance of smectite in smectitic soils was conducted in Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan. The experiment used four of topsoil samples of Typic Hapludalfs (B1),  Chromic Endoaquerts (B2), Typic Endoaquerts (B3), and Typic Haplustalfs (B4) taken from Jonggol (Bogor), Sidareja (Cilacap), Padas (Ngawi), and Todanan (Blora) respectively. This experiment also used randomized completely block design, six treatments, i.e.: control (water), 1 N of oxalic acid, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ respectively and they were replicated three times. After extracting the samples, potassium concentration in supernatant was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method and basal distance of smectite in clay paste was measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The result showed that oxalic acid, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7, Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ increased the release of fixed potassium by clay in all tested soils about 24.63-3744%, 31.88-45.38%, 25.37-48.35%, 27.48-42.32%, and 28.17-35.49%, respectively. Among the treatments, (oxalic acid+NaOH) pH=7 was the most effective in releasing fixed K at Alfisols, while Na+ at Vertisols.  Oxalic acid+NaOH pH=7, Na+, and Fe3+ increased the basal distance of smectite in the soils about 10.41%, 11.48%, and 15.30%, respectively. Among the treatments, Fe3+ was the highest in increasing the basal distance of smectite in the soils.
Existing of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on The Corn Field Subjected by Long-term Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Yusnaini Sri
Published: March 2022

Existing of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were investigated in continuously cropped, conventional agro ecosystems which had received annual long-term (4 years) amendments of either manure or inorganic fertilizer. The systems had an identical 4–year crops rotation and differed essentially only in the amount and type of fertilizer supplied. Experiment was setup at Taman Bogo, in the vicinity of Probolinggo, East Lampung. The eight farming systems differed mainly in fertilization application. The organic systems were fertilized exclusively with chicken manure (CK), and green manure Glyricidium sp. (GM) 20 Mg ha-1. One conventional system was fertilized with the inorganic fertilizers (IF) (urea 300 kg ha-1, SP 36 200 kg ha-1, and KCl 100 kg ha-1).  Four proportion combination fertilized organic and inorganic fertilizers i.e combination of 50% CK + 50% IF, 50% GM + 50% IF, 75% CK + 25% IF, and 75% GM + 25% IF.  Application of chicken manure both exclusively or combination with inorganic fertilizer gave the higher AMF spore number and root colonization than others treatment. The dominant species of AMF at all treatment was Glomus constrictum.
The Effectiveness of AMF Inoculum to Enhance The Potency of Papuan Crandallite Phosphate Rock and The Growth of Cocoa Seedling
Authors: Suparno Antonius
Published: March 2022

Phosphate rock fertilizer has slow solubility; therefore, it is suitable and more effective to be applied on annual crop plantation. To increase the solubility and the effectiveness of phosphate rock application, inoculation of the Arbuscular Mycorrhyzal Fungi (AMF) is required. Experiments were conducted at the Cikabayan Farm, Bogor Agriculture Institute, West Java. The objective was to study the effectiveness of AMF inoculation in increasing the potency of Papuan Crandallite Phosphate Rock to the growth of cocoa seedlings.  A factorial experiment was set up in a complete randomized design. The first factor was AMF inoculation, consisting of none AMF, Manokwari indigenous AMF and Mycofer AMF, and the second factor was five dosages of the Papuan Crandallite Phosphate Rock (PCPR), consisting of  0,  0.5,  1.0,  1.5 and 2.0 g P2O5 / seedling. The dosage of 2.0 g P2O5 SP-36 per seedling was used as a comparison. Cocoa seeds of F-1 Upper Amazon Hybrid (UAH) were collected from the Coffee and Cacao Research Center, Jember, East Java. The seedlings were grown in polybags of 20 cm x 30 cm size, with ultisol acid soil obtained from Jasinga (West Java) as the growing medium under 60% of shading net for four months. The media contained 17.03 cmol kg-1 of exchangeable Al.  The results showed that increasing the dosages of PCPR at the AMF inoculated seedlings resulted to the linear increase of shoot dry weight and P uptake by 50.14% and 64.88%, respectively; and this was lower than the inoculation of Manokwari indigenous AMF which increased shoot dry-weight by 66.30% and P uptake by 65.45%. Whereas the shoot dry-weight and P uptake of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings increased by 73.56% and 121.94%, respectively. Mycofer inoculants were found to be much more effective in increasing the shoot dry-weight by 127.55% and P uptake by 45.16% than that of the Manokwari indigenous AMF, which increased by 95.97% and 21.29% in shoot dry-weight and P uptake, respectively at the PCPR dosage of 2.0 g P2O5 / seedling as compared to the non-inoculated seedlings.
Climbing Down the Ivory Tower: Challenging Racial Injustice Through Community Health
Authors: Damodaran Swathi , Gourevitch Rebecca , Lin Tiffany , Patel Nikhil , Phu Rosemary , Rice Kerrilynn
Published: March 2022

“Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.”

Most of us know these famous words by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In fact, some of us even referenced them in our applications to graduate school. They stirred within us a call for action and allowed us to connect our fascinations with the human body, epidemiology, and biostatistics to a movement bigger than ourselves. For us, medicine and public health represented a means to an end – tools we would use to work towards our social justice goals as we sought to improve public health and reform the health care system from within.
Single-Payer Health Reform: A Step Toward Reducing Structural Racism in Health Care
Authors: Caruso Dominic , Himmelstein David , Woolhandler Steffie
Published: March 2022

Racial and income equality are too often absent from conversations about health care financing. Research continually exposes alarming health disparities in the United States, particularly impacting African Americans and Native Americans. These groups have lower life expectancies than non-Hispanic white Americans, and experience higher rates of most major causes of death including infant mortality, trauma, heart disease, and diabetes. Yet despite their greater need, access to care is worse for minority populations by most measures.
Los sistemas de los posesivos en el "Amadís de Gaula", reflejo de un cambio lingüístico
Authors: Labrousse Mallorie
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo nos proponemos observar un cambio lingüístico en curso, analizando las similitudes y las diferencias entre los sistemas de los posesivos del primero y del cuarto libro del Amadís de Gaula. Nos centraremos en las frecuencias de uso de diferentes estructuras y nos preguntaremos en qué medida las variantes son controladas en ambos libros. A lo largo de nuestra exposición, intentaremos valorar cuál es el peso de la mano de Rodríguez de Montalvo en el sistema de los posesivos del libro I, comparándolo al de otros testimonios del siglo XIV, y cuál es el peso de la influencia del idiolecto del Amadís primitivo y de las tradiciones discursivas de las novelas de caballerías en el sistema de los posesivos del libro IV. Así, nos proponemos aportar elementos que permitan entender mejor, por un lado, en qué medida los posesivos articulados del primer libro son vestigios de la versión del siglo XIV o arcaísmos voluntarios por parte de Rodríguez de Montalvo y, por otro lado, en qué medida el autor transforma su propio idiolecto para imitar la lengua del Amadís primitivo y / o de otras obras de la tradición caballeresca
INTEGRITY ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PIPES TENSILE ARMOUR WIRES USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF INVERSE MAGNETOSTRICTION: A METHOD COMPARISON
Authors: Frutuoso e Melo E. P. , Gurova T. , Estefen S. F. , Leontiev A.
Published: March 2022

Flexible pipes have been used for decades for conveying produced fluids from oil wells to floating production, for storing and offloading units, and for flowing injection fluids inside wells under the seabed. Over the years, with an increase in oil demand globally, the exploration of new and deeper oil reservoirs has become a reality. With greater water depths, the top tension of the risers has increased significantly, as well as the pressure from the water column on the pipe structure, demanding the application of bigger pipes and the use of stronger materials. Pre-salt reservoirs on the Brazilian basins are rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are great contributors to the premature fragilization of armour wires on the top section of the flexible risers and are capable of compromising the integrity of the structure. The wire fragilization and possible breakages cannot be avoided once the riser is connected to the floating unit, but they can be monitored, to avoid a complete riser structural failure. Several systems have been developed to monitor tensile armour wires integrity, such as visual monitoring, which visually detects torsion on the structure, acoustic waves, and magnetic collar systems, which have failed to provide reliable results. As the armour wires provide axial resistance to the structures, Fiber Bragg grating is being used in modern flexibles to monitor armour wire deformation and has been delivering reliable results. Another method, the inverse magnetostriction, is being tested using an anisotropic magneto sensor to detect wire deformation and generate a 2D stress map of the measured area. In this article, two tests are performed using the same equipment, but in different specimen. One test was performed on the wires without being applied on the flexible structure. The other test was performed on a window opened on a 6” nominal bore flexible pipe, with the objective of identifying if the method is reliable in detecting armour wire failures on flexible risers. This method could read stresses variations on the armour wires, but a larger sensor could penetrate deeper on the structure and provide a sharper stress map.
Konsepsi Pendidikan Islam Terhadap Kekerasan Kepada Anak
Authors: Riza Julianne Kamelia , Maidefvi Rika
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe violence against children (Child Abuse) in the perspective of Islamic education. The method used in this research is library research (library research). By going through a developmental psychological approach used to analyze the concept of violence committed against children (Child Abuse). As well as a normative approach, which is seen in terms of religious values ??based on the Qur'an and Hadith. In analyzing the data using analytical descriptive method. The results of this study are (1) Deliberate actions that cause harm or harm to children physically or emotionally. (2) The influence of violence against children in the psychological development of children, namely children who experience abuse often show withdrawal, fear, or maybe aggressive behavior, unstable emotions. (3) Violence against children in the perspective of Islamic education In the context of education and teaching efforts. Islam allows doing physical actions as ta'dib (actions to educate) against children (educating, ie so as not to get used to doing intentional violations). Punishment means a form of loss or pain inflicted on someone who makes a mistake. The short-term goal of imposing the punishment is to stop the wrong behavior. The long-term goal is to teach and encourage children to stop their own misbehavior, so that children can direct themselves
The Renault Saga (revisited)
Authors: Dorssemont Filip
Published: March 2022

The announcement of the closure (1997) of the Belgian Renault plant in Vilvoorde generated a series of judicial proceedings in Belgium as well as in France. These proceedings highlighted the impact, enforcement and complicated interplay of the Collective Redundancy Directive (98/50) and the European Works Council Directive (94/45) in a case of cross-border restructuring. This contribution seeks to analyze these proceedings in a comprehensive way, commenting on the legal issues at stake.
Principles of Corporate Governance: the OECD Perspective
Authors: Bouchez Louis
Published: March 2022

This article discusses a newly developed methodology to assess, on a national basis, the impact of all corporate governance codes and regulations, presented by the OECD in December 2006.
Takeover Bids and ‘Italian’ Reciprocity
Authors: Lamandini Marco
Published: March 2022

This is a discussion of the so–called reciprocity clause in Article 12, paragraph 3 of the Directive on Takeover Bids and the way it has been implemented in Italian law. The reciprocity clause allows Member States to exempt listed companies that apply the anti–frustration and breakthrough rules contained in the directive from living up to an opted–in (unprotected) status if they become the subject of a public takeover bid launched by an opted-out (protected) company. The directive, however, leaves doubts as to exactly which listed companies may make use of the reciprocity clause.
Prospectus Liability in Poland – Critical Analysis of Principles of Civil Liability
Authors: Szlachetka Ewa
Published: March 2022

The author criticizes the current rules on prospectus liability in Poland which, in her eyes, do not create a sound balance between a person’s degree of liability and his involvement with the creation of misleading information in the prospectus.
Golden Shares: A New Approach
Authors: van Bekkum Jaron
Published: March 2022

In Commission v. Italy 2009 the ECJ abandoned its former approach to assess all golden shares on the basis of article 56 EC. The author demonstrates that this new approach inter alia creates a legal basis for Member States to use golden shares to restrict the infl uence of non-EU investors in European companies.
Intra-group Loans under German Law
Authors: Cahn Andreas
Published: March 2022

Intra group financing may sometimes be an attractive alternative to credit facilities from a bank (consortium). However, parent and subsidiary loans, as well as ‘lateral’ (sidestream) loans trigger their own pitfalls, in particular in connection with recently changed capital preservation law in Germany. The author discusses and analyses these pitfalls.
Debt-to-Equity Conversion in the UK and Europe
Authors: Clowry Karl
Published: March 2022

The current financial crisis had lead to a resurgence of debt-for-equity swaps as a corporate rescue tool throughout Europe. There are a number of common factors to be addressed with any debt-for-equity swap. This article seeks to focus on these factors and how they are typically addressed by debtors, the converting creditors and other stakeholders. The relevant rules and impediments in a number of EU countries are identified.
Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law: Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for European Securities Litigation?
Authors: Kaal Wulf A.
Published: March 2022

Pending case law by the US Supreme Court (Morrisson v. National Australia Bank) and draft legislation in Congress threaten to expand the jurisdiction of US courts to cases where foreign, i.e. non US, plaintiffs sue foreign defendants over securities purchased in foreign securities markets. This article describes the many aspects of this threat, in particular for European investors, brokers, banks and ... lawyers.
Oil Disaster Spills Over BP Europa SE
Authors: Dorresteijn Adriaan F. M. , Snijder Valentine N.J.
Published: March 2022

On the 30th of April 2010, BP merged several of its European organizations into a European Company (SE), BP Europa SE, registered in Hamburg, Germany. This SE is not a holding company, but rather one company which operates in several different countries. The creation of this SE inter alia allowed BP to reduce the number of seats on the supervisory board considerably and to ‘Europeanise’ employee representation on the board
Variable Remuneration and Dutch State Aid: Is a Legal Framework Necessary and/or Wrongful?
Authors: Kromwijk Denise E.M.
Published: March 2022

The Dutch Minister of Finance intends to create legislation that will put a ban on variable remuneration as long as a financial institution receives state aid. Such legislation could, however, be legally wrongful towards financial institutions that currently receive state aid. One argument for this is that the State promised not to initiate any new legislation that would fall within the scope of the Banking Code that was adopted in the Netherlands.
Reflecting on the Value of Socially Responsible Practices Post the Takeover of Cadbury PLC by Kraft Foods Inc: Implications for the Revision of the EU Takeover Directive
Authors: Tsagas Georgina
Published: March 2022

In light of the reform of the UK Takeover Rules in September 2011, the article will discuss whether the law should 'step in' to safeguard Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices set in place by the target firm post a successful takeover and if so, whether alterations should be made to the EU Takeover Directive's current provisions.
The Transfer of Shares by Court Order in a Closely Held Company: What Is the Proper Reference Date for the Valuation of the Shares?
Authors: de Jong Bas
Published: March 2022

In several jurisdictions, courts can order a shareholder to transfer his shares to another shareholder or a third party. In the UK, the unfair prejudice rules of the Companies Act 2006 enable, among other things, protection of non-controlling shareholders' interests and can lead to a court order that shares should be purchased by the controllers of the company. In the Netherlands, it is possible to initiate an action of expulsion against a shareholder who harms a company by his behaviour. Moreover, shareholders can exit the company if their interests are prejudiced to such an extent that continuation of their membership cannot reasonably be demanded. Belgium has comparable rules as the Netherlands.
Ownership Structures and Corporate Governance: A Swedish Perspective
Authors: Stattin Daniel , Eklund Karin
Published: March 2022

'Law and Finance' research may be used as a means to assess the regulation of corporate governance. In this article this is done in a European context. The conclusion is that this research is beneficial to the understanding of comparative corporate governance and could be of use when new legislation is designed.
How Might Network Governance Found in Nature Protect Nature?
Authors: Turnbull Shann
Published: March 2022

A compelling incentive for firms to protect the environment is created by executive remuneration and tenure being based on Key Performance Indicators determined by environmentalist. This requires amending corporate constitutions to separate the power to manage the business from the power to govern the firm. Network governance, as used by nature, could then be introduced to make the connections to protect nature
Investing in Sustainability: Reform Proposals for the Ethics Guidelines of the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund
Authors: Eldredge Cody D. , Halvorssen Anita M.
Published: March 2022

The Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG), the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world and thus arguably one of the most influential investors in the marketplace, is at the forefront of responsible investing. This article examines reform proposals that have been suggested by a government appointed body mandated to assess the GPFG's work on responsible investment and suggests additional reforms to enhance its effectiveness as a responsible investor.
Climate Change and Business Law in the United States: Using Procurement, Pay, and Policy Changes to Influence Corporate Behaviour
Authors: Narine Marcia
Published: March 2022

This article proposes that the US President bypass Congress, which has failed to implement climate change legislation, and enact executive orders to (1) use its power as the largest buyer of goods and services to strengthen green procurement standards and (2) add requirements of audited executive attestations and clawbacks of executive and board compensation for failure to adhere to certain sustainability standards for government contractors
The UK and the EU’s Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive: Exceeding Expectations
Authors: Khair alshaleel Mohammed
Published: March 2022

This article considers the UK implementation of the Fifth Money Laundering Directive. It examines the key changes introduced by the new Directive and their impact on the UK anti-money laundering regime. Given the evolving nature of threats relating to money laundering and the latest technological developments, this article argues that the UK has decided to go beyond the EU minimum requirements. The article outlines the concept of money laundering and the UK legal framework of anti-money laundering, before assessing the main changes and their effects on the UK anti-money laundering regime.

Fifth Money Laundering Directive, UK anti-money laundering regime
Google v. CNIL and the Right to Be Forgotten: A Judgment of Solomon
Authors: Martín Bartolomé
Published: March 2022

The EUCJ ruling on Case C-507/17 provides further clarity on the territorial scope of the right to be forgotten. The court interprets that the EU law does not require a search engine operator to attend the right to de-referencing on all the versions of its search engine globally, but only on those corresponding to all the Member States, but at the same time it also clarifies that a supervisory or judicial authority of a Member State remains competent to, after weighing up the legally protected interests, order (where appropriate) that the de-referencing is carried out on all versions of the relevant search engine. A decision that likely does not please either the search engines or the data subjects, and which drops a certain dose of uncertainty on the system.

GDPR, right to be forgotten, right to de-referencing, search engines, territorial scope
The WTO in the Emerging Energy Governance Debate
Authors: Marceau Gabrielle
Published: March 2022

Although they were not initially designed to address energy issues per se, several World Trade Organization (WTO) rules are relevant and ‘applicable’ when assessing the WTO compatibility of energy-related actions that could have an impact on trade. This paper begins by describing the GATT/WTO rules, that may be relevant in the trade in energy debate. It then discusses some of the energy-related issues that are covered by the ongoing Doha negotiations and in some of the WTO accession agreements before pointing to a few energy-related issues, that are currently debated informally in the WTO and which call for more reflection and analysis. Finally, some of the normative and institutional issues involved in the conceptualization of new or improved rules on energy governance are addressed.
Self-Flagellation: U.S. Antidumping and the National Export Initiative
Authors: Ikenson Daniel
Published: March 2022

Four out of every five U.S. antidumping measures restrict imports of raw materials and other industrial inputs consumed by downstream U.S. producers in their own production processes. Yet the statute forbids the administering authorities from considering the impact of prospective antidumping restrictions on the well-being of those downstream, consuming industries or on the economy at large. But such restrictions invariably raise the costs of production for those downstream firms, weakening their capacity to compete with foreign producers in the United States and abroad.

The National Export Initiative should include a serious commitment to antidumping reform. At a minimum, that reform should include provisions to ensure that consuming industries be given legal standing to participate fully and meaningfully in antidumping proceedings; that antidumping measures be rejected if the projected costs of those restriction on those firms and on the broader economy exceed some reasonable threshold; and, that any duties applied not exceed the level found necessary to remedy injury to the petitioning domestic industry.
NATCO v. BAYER: Indian Patent Authority Grants Its First Ever Compulsory License on Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Nedumpara James J. , Misra Prateek
Published: March 2022

In an unprecedented move, the Controller of Patents in India has invoked the compulsory licensing provision of the Indian Patents Act to allow a domestic generic pharmaceutical company, viz., Natco Pharma to manufacture and sell the generic version of Bayer's patent-protected anti-cancer medicine, Nexavar (Sorafenib Tosylate) at a fraction of Bayer's selling price in India. The Controller of Patents reached the decision on the grounds that: (i) the reasonable requirements of the public with respect to patented invention are not met; (ii) that the patented invention was not available to the public at a reasonably affordable price; and (iii) that the patented invention has not been 'worked' in the territory of India. This decision has stirred a debate as to whether the grant of compulsory license could lead to weakening of intellectual property protection in India whereas several consumer and civil society organizations argue that this decision may usher in a new reality which requires the drug prices to be linked to the affordability of the consumers. The underlying message of this decision seems to be that no pharmaceutical company can afford to ignore a market if there are consumers suffering or dying in these countries for want of treatment by a product for which they hold the patent rights.
A Practitioners Look at National Security Review in China
Authors: Yiming Sun , Ning Susan , Jia Liu
Published: March 2022

China's national security review (NSR) regime came into force in 2011. Within the past two years, NSR regime is starting to show a far-reaching effect on the landscape for foreign M&A deals in China. This article sets out in details the substantial and procedural NSR issues. It aims to provide a full picture of Chinese NSR, as well as analysis of specific topics on a practical dimension of legislation governing the NSR regime in China.
Administrative Protective Orders in Trade Remedy Cases in Mexico
Authors: Rico Luis Felipe Aguilar , Siles Patricia Arratíbel
Published: March 2022

Similar to the Administrative Protective Order system to grant access to confidential information under trade remedy investigations conducted by the United States, Mexican laws provide a comprehensive regulation by means of which (i) any interested party may have access to confidential information, available at the administrative record, as long as certain conditions and requirements are fully met, and (ii) Mexican authority is obliged to guarantee the protection of the same and cannot share confidential information with other parties unless special authorization is granted.