bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DENTAL HYPERESTHESIA AMONG RESIDENTS OF VASILEOSTROVSKY DISTRICT OF ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: A.B. Altukhova , A.E. Absheev , E.G. Borisova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The article aims to establish the prevalence and nature of dental hyperesthesia among residents of the Vasileostrovsky district of St. Petersburg. Increased tooth sensitivity is of great interest in the practice of a dentist due to its high prevalence and polyetiological nature. The study involved 126 people of both sexes, divided into 3 age groups (19-29; 30-44; 45-63). It was revealed that 97 of them had hypersensitivity of teeth at the moment of examination. In addition to establishing the presence of the pathology under study and counting the affected teeth, the following dental indices were used to objectify the evaluation:
1. Hygienic index -HI (simplified Green-Vermillion index OHI-S (Green, Vermillion, 1964)) - used to determine the level of oral hygiene.
2. Parodontal index-PI (P.A. Leus, 1988) - to determine the presence of symptoms of periodontal pathology.
3. Intensity of dental caries lesion was determined using the index of DMF (Klein, Palmer, 1937).
4. Assessment of dental hyperesthesia was carried out using the index of prevalence and intensity of dental hyperesthesia (G.B. Shtorina, 1986). All patients responded to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)-to determine the impact of hyperesthesia on quality of their life. Each tooth was checked for carious and non-carious defects to determine the most frequent causes of tooth hypersensitivity. Based on our study the following conclusions were made: 1. Among all detected cases, women aged 31 to 45 years (22.680%) were most susceptible to hyperesthesia. Less susceptible to hypersensitivity of teeth are men aged 46-63 years and older (10.309%). 2. Patients with hyperaesthesia were more likely to have poor oral hygiene (OHI-S- 1.7483 points), moderate periodontal disease (PI-2.1316 points) and high caries intensity (DMF-16.2166 points). 3. Limited form of dental hyperesthesia (66.585%) is more frequent among women aged 31-45 years (17.191%) and men aged 31-45 years (14.769%). 4. The generalized form is more frequent among women 46-63 years (8.475%) and men 46-63 years (7.748%), less frequent among women 19-30 years (2.663%).
5. Sensitivity only to temperature stimuli was registered in 47,699% of cases - more frequent among women 31-46 years (16,496%) pain during exposure to temperature and chemical stimuli - 9,685% of cases (women 31-45 years - 3,148%) and reaction to all types of stimuli was registered in 42,615% of cases (more frequent among women 31-45 years - 14,286%).
6. Of all identified teeth with hypersensitivity (413 teeth examined), wedge-shaped defect was more frequent among women 31-45 years old, and gingival recession among men in two age groups 31-45 and 46-63.
7. Patients in age group 1, 19-30, are more likely to have chips and microcracks that can cause tooth sensitivity. 8. Patients were noted to a decrease in their quality of life due to hyperesthesia and related diseases.
THEORETICAL BASIS OF FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE COMMODITY ASSORTMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF WHOLESALE TRADE OF MEDICINES
Authors: L.Kh. Urusova , A.B. Goryachev , T.I. Kabakova
Published: April 2022

Abstract: For Russian drug wholesalers (pharmaceutical distributors), the study of the profitability of a range of goods and services is becoming increasingly important. This is due to a number of specific conditions for the functioning of the pharmaceutical market, namely, its territorial scope; high level of competition in the wholesale segment; significant influence of government regulation on pharmaceutical activities in general and assortment policy management, in particular. The purpose of the study was to analyze the scientific and methodological foundations for the formation of a product range and management of the assortment policy in the wholesale segment of the pharmaceutical market. The methods of bibliographic and content analysis, analytical, direct observation and comparison were used as the scientific apparatus of the research. From the beginning of its formation to the present time, the Russian pharmaceutical market has a range of socio-economic, geographical, logistic and other features that have led to the formation of a powerful network of pharmaceutical distributors characterized by a high level of competition. The purpose of the assortment policy is to form the optimal product assortment of the organization for solving its strategic market goals, depending on the current and future needs of the market. One of the mechanisms for the formation of a product range in a wholesale organization is the development of an assortment matrix - a complete assortment list of goods corresponding to the required width and depth of product filling. An analysis of the regulatory legal regulation of the sphere of circulation of medicines shows that the process of forming the drug assortment is significantly influenced by institutional norms, which, on the one hand, provide a guaranteed demand for medicines to provide privileged categories of citizens and a minimum pharmaceutical assortment, and on the other hand, they limit profitability, due to state regulation of selling prices, as well as the growth of costs for their logistics and maintenance in stocks.As a result of the study, it was found that the scientific and methodological foundations of assortment policy management, based on planning, organization and control, including permanent structural analysis of consumer demand, adequate inventory management and marketing analysis of the pharmaceutical market, allow to optimize the financial results of a pharmaceutical distributor in an intensely competitive environment.
MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF THE POPULATION (SOFTWARE "VALEO LIFE")
Authors: E.R. Valeeva , N.V. Stepanova , D.D. Abdullin , A.M. Basyyrov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The article provides a brief overview of studies on the use of modern information technologies in the formation of a healthy lifestyle for the population in the main areas of the national project "Demography" for 2019 - 2024 - the project "Healthy Nutrition", which is part of the federal program "Formation of a system of motivating citizens to a healthy lifestyle , including healthy eating and giving up bad habits. " The authors presented a brief content of the Valeo life software, which includes 3 blocks, the tasks of which are to create in our country an environment conducive to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, the formation of physical activity based on optimal physical activity and motivation for positive thinking, taking into account individual personalized recommendations in accordance with age and gender differences, the influence of climatic and environmental factors of users' residence.
INVESTIGATION OF ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES STRAWBERRY GARDEN LEAF EXTRACT DRY
Authors: O.V. Yaborova , V.D. Belonogova , I.V. Alekseeva
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in drugs produced on the basis of medicinal plant raw materials, since in modern clinical practice these drugs have a number of advantages over synthetic drugs, such as high efficiency, a wide range of therapeutic effects, a small number of contraindications, low toxicity and a minimum of adverse reactions. The advantages also include a wide range of dosage forms for both internal and external use [1]. At the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, at the Department of Pharmacognosy, dry strawberry extract was developed from raw strawberry leaves [8, 9] and its experimental series was obtained at JSC Biochimmash in Moscow. The pharmacological activity of strawberry extract was also studied and its diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect was established [2]. A study of the acute toxicity of strawberry garden extract showed that it can be classified as a low-toxic substance [2]. Strawberry garden leaf extract dry (strawberry garden extract) is one of the potential substances for obtaining safe medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract, as it has diuretic and anti-inflammatory activity [2]. The study of the allergenic properties of strawberry garden extract is a mandatory part of the preclinical safety assessment of a new pharmacological substance to obtain safe medicines with it. In this regard, studies on the allergenic properties of strawberry garden leaves of dry extract in the framework of preclinical studies and substantiation of the use of the substance for the further development of medicines based on it are relevant.
WHAT DRUGS YOU CAN PREFER IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK?
Authors: A.V. Gordienko , I.A. Litovskiy , V.A. Reiza , A.V. Golikov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Relevance. The use of nitroglycerin (NG) in cardiogenic shock (СS) helps to normalize blood pressure, reduce the risk of death and improve prognosis.
Aim. To study the effect of vasopressors, inotropic drugs and nitroglycerin on hemodynamics and reducing the risk of death in patients with cardiogenic shock.
Material and methods. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of СS in myocardial infarction with nitroglycerin and traditional approaches to therapy was carried out. In the control group of patients with СS (17 people), dopamine or norepinephrine was administered in the traditional way. In the main group of patients with СS (22 people), large doses of nitroglycerin were administered. After the stabilization of the state of health, the drip injection of NG continued in the usual doses.
Results. In 20 of 22 patients of the main group, immediately after the jet injection of nitroglycerin, blood pressure began to be determined or significantly increased, 14 of them survived (63.6%). In 9 cases, blood pressure did not decrease anymore, vasopressors were not administered, nitroglycerin was administered by drop for another 2-3 days, the treatment ended with discharge in a satisfactory state. In another 2 cases, it was necessary to administer vasopressors in parallel with the drip administration of nitroglycerin, after its jet administration. In the control group, the only patient survived (5.9%).
Conclusions. Analysis of literature data indicates that in conditions of maximum depletion of reserves and a decrease in myocardial contractility in patients with cardiogenic shock, the use of vasopressors and inotropic drugs accelerates the decompensation of insufficient blood supply and increases the risk of death. The main way to combat СS is still urgent myocardial revascularization, however, the restoration of the functional activity of hibernated cardiomyocytes will be more successful and safer with their gradual activation. This problem can be successfully solved using the methods of mechanical support of blood circulation or with the help of nitroglycerin. It will be possible to verify the validity of this assumption only on the basis of the results of randomized clinical trials.
HEART RHYTHM AND CONDUCTIVITY DISTURBANCES IN MEN UNDER 60 YEARS OLD WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY DURING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: L.Ch. Sangadzhieva , E.N. Bambaeva , I.U. Fadeeva , Z.V. Sokhorova , Tz.D. Davaeva , O.S. Sangadzhieva
Published: April 2022

Abstract: For the first time, medicinal plants of arid landscapes of the south of Russia were studied for amino acid composition, vitamins. The features of the accumulation of organic acids and vitamins in medicinal plants were established, the concentrations were correlated from the type and genus of the plant. The component composition of amino acids of the studied LR samples was studied. A total of 9 amino acids were found, of which 5 are irreplaceable. The content of aminoacidum in the studied samples have high levels of variation within the species list, regardless of the plant family, and have a range of total amino acid composition ranging from 3.28% to 12.42%. In general, the content of AC prevails in plants of the species Plantágo májor (12.42%), Polygonum aviculare (9.47%), Capsella bursa-pastoris (8.06%). The lowest indicators of the total number of AC were found for plants of the species Artemisia austriaca (3.28%), Cardaria draba (3.71%). The content of oxalic acid is noted in the aster family and astragalus of the esparcet family of legumes < 250 mg/kg, in other plant samples the content of oxalic acid is > 200 mg/kg. This may be due to the fact that many plants of arid territories accumulate nutrients in the form of salts of organic acids. Studies have shown that the vitamin C content in almost all plant samples is higher than the vitamin K content, with the exception of the common shepherd's purse and the bird's bittern, this may be due to specific features and growing conditions. The percentage of sugar in plant samples has a high level of variation from 1.05 to 5.32%, this may also be due to the specific species of plants, regardless of the family affiliation. A direct correlation has been established between the contents of biologically active organic acids and nutrients in vegetation. The study showed that organic acids have a strong variation in indicators and depend on the type of selected plants and the properties of the functional zone of growth.
Bir Osmanlı Düşünürü Olarak Ahmedî'nin Aşk Felsefesi
Authors: TURGUT Ali Kürşat , DUGAN Mehmet
Published: April 2022

On beşinci yüzyıl Osmanlı düşüncesinin en önemli temsilcilerinden olan Ahmedî gerek edebî gerekse felsefî/tasavvufî yönüyle müstesna bir konuma sahiptir. Edebiyattan tarihe, tıptan dil ilimlerine kadar çeşitli alanlarda eser verme yetkinliğini gösteren Ahmedî’nin en bilinen eseri İskendernâme adlı mesnevisidir. Ahmedî’nin İskender ile Gülşah’ın aşkını anlattığı Işkıyyât-ı İskender bölümü ise daha önce yazılan İskendernâmelerde bulunmayan orijinal bir te’liftir. 600’e yakın beyitten oluşan bu bölümde Ahmedî, aşk felsefesine dair görüşlerini ortaya koyarken tasavvuf geleneğinde sıkça başvurulan pervane-ateş, bülbül-gül ve kadın gibi metaforları da yaygın bir şekilde kullanmaktadır. Ayrıca düşünür aşk felsefesinde üzerinde önemle durulan âşık ile maşukun birlikteliğini anlatan vahdet-ittihad, fenâ-bekâ gibi unsurlara da vurgu yapmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Ahmedî’nin aşka dair düşüncelerini adı geçen isimler üzerinden mesnevi tarzında ele alması da eseri önemli kılan bir başka husustur. Biz bu çalışmada Ahmedî’nin Işkıyyât-ı İskender adlı özgün te’lifini merkeze alarak onun aşk felsefesini genel hatlarıyla değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Çalışmaya konu edilen bölüm felsefî-tasavvufî açıdan ilk defa tarafımızca ele alınacaktır. Her ne kadar ülkemizde Işkıyyât-ı İskender üzerine çalışmalar mevcut olsa da bunlar genel itibarıyla edebî özellikler dikkate alınarak yapılan incelemelerdir. Ahmedî’nin kullandığı metaforlarla zengin bir hüviyet kazanan aşk anlayışı nasıl ele alınmıştır ve bu konuda etkilendiği kaynaklar nelerdir gibi sorulara bu makale içerisinde cevaplar aranacaktır.
Materials of the 1959 All-Union Population Census as a Source on the History of Urban Family
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Gorbachev Oleg V.
Published: April 2022

Using census materials for studying social history of Russia in the 20th century has serious restrictions determined by the census form and by selective publication of the obtained results. Using census forms themselves, fragmentary preserved in local archives, partially solves this problem. The researcher has to turn to the census materials for studying some topics, which are not directly reflected in the census forms, due to limited social statistics on the Soviet society. The article is to clarify the possibility of using primary materials of the 1959 census, stored in the fond of the Regional Statistical Office from the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region, alongside with the published data, for studying urban family in Sverdlovsk. The study of the Russian urban family in the second half of the 20th century is important for assessing the consequences of demographic transition of the 1930s – 1980s and the degree of population structure deformation following the Great Patriotic War. Studying the Ural family is significant, as urbanization processes in the region during the said period proceeded extremely intensively. To systematize the information on the census forms, a database “Family of the city of Sverdlovsk, 1959” has been created, combining principles of individual and family registration. The database includes information from 1,200 forms for the Oktyabrsky district. Nearly 17 000 apartment census forms for other urban settlements of the region fall outside the scope of this analysis. Comparison with published data proves that the sample is representative in its most significant indicators. Significant deviations are recorded in the social composition of the population, reflecting specifics of a central district of a large city (dominance of employees, significant number of single-parent families, presumably recent migrants). Among other things, it has been established that most commonly families consisted of two and three persons; in a significant number of cases, the households were headed by young women. The obtained information permits to characterize the Sverdlovsk urban family in terms of the so-called second demographic transition, which significantly influenced family size, distribution of intra-familial roles, and strategies of matrimonial behavior. Given the undoubted scientific value of the primary census materials, discovery of other similar documentary complexes in the Russian archives should be an important direction of research.
The Photo Fond of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region: Issues of Acquisition, Systematization, Search, and Use of Photographic Documents
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Dmitrieva Alexandra I.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the history of creation of the photo fond in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region (GASO), assesses its scientific reference apparatus, and evaluates the efficiency of search for photographic documents by their subject. There is a growing interest towards local history and history of urban environment, which increases demand for photographic documents stored in the archive. However, the use of these documents is limited due to low efficiency and arduousness of search. The author suggests several ways to increase the efficiency of search using modern computer technology. To achieve this goal, the legal frameworks on photographic documents processing in state archives have been analyzed. The unique sources used in the research are detailed interviews with the GASO staff, as well as annual reports on the work of the archive during 1961–72. During this period, much effort was put to creation of the scientific reference apparatus: description, systematization, and cataloging of photographic documents were conducted. The photo fond (fond 1) counts 62265 storage items. Photographs and albums are also stored in other GASO fonds. The acquisition sources were departmental archives of institutions and organizations, the GASO itself, as well as individuals. Photo documents were widely used in the GASO’s educational and popularization work and were available on request of organizations and citizens. The documents have research potential, and yet (according to archival staff and to research) the existing information retrieval systems do not provide complete and effective search due to their limitations. Relevance and fullness ratio of the information retrieval system have been calculated for publicly available electronic inventories of photographic documents. It has been established that search efficiency of highly specialized queries has precision score of 0,003, while noise ratio is 0,997.
Participation of the Control Commissions of the RCP (B) under the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection in the Formation of Command-and-Control System in the USSR: 1923–24
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Anfertiev Ivan A.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the process of radical improvement of Soviet state apparatus outlined by the Central Committee of the RCP (B) and launched in connection with the illness and death of V.I. Lenin in 1923–24. The personnel (and personnel reserve) problem was aggravated by bitter struggles for inheritance and leadership over the party and Soviet state within the Central Committee of the RCP (B). In Soviet historiography, this problem was hushed up; in modern historiography it remains insufficiently studied. To fill in the historiographic gaps, the author uses method of source study. It has been revealed that in the studied period, Soviet civil servants, who occupied their high positions on the basis of pre-revolutionary (underground) party experience, did not meet the qualification criteria; many of them cared about their own well-being to the detriment of the case entrusted them by the party, embezzled, encouraged protectionism, had mistresses, and were surrounded by bureaucrats and personalities with a dubious past and present. Administrative measures adopted in 1923–24 to reduce the state apparatus of the People's Commissariats by 12–40 percent did not produce the desired result: the payroll not only failed to decrease, it actually grew by 100 percent due to so-called special rates of payment for management personnel and specialists. As a palliative measure, the 13th Party Congress planned to strengthen the Central Control Commission of the RCP (B) and the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection. In 1923– 24, members of regional party boards and personnel of the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection conducted important surveys of the Soviet bodies and institutions. Mass checks were run simultaneously in Soviet and party agencies. Party leaders and civil servants were checked by “troikas” of party and state auditors for adequacy to their posts; conflicts between party leaders and non-party employees were revealed, as well as facts of corruption, opposition, petty-bourgeois bias, drunkenness, domestic corruption, etc. Imposed punishments, however, were to take into account the low cultural level of managers from former workers and peasants or representatives of national republics. Following the inspections, the regional party boards were recommended “to keep an eye on” managers, while treating their shortcomings with understanding. It has been revealed that according to the plans of the Central Committee of the RCP (B), party collegiums of control commissions were not to turn into purely judicial bodies considering cases of misconduct, they were to prevent the negative phenomena. Introduction of massive control over leading personnel accelerated the formation of the command-and-control system in Soviet Russia, with all its advantages and disadvantages.
Daily Life of the Ishim Women in the Days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
Authors:   F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Mamontova Marina A. , Frolova Alena A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The article considers the social and cultural role of women under the rear living conditions in the days of Great Patriotic War on the example of Ishim and Ishim district of the Tyumen region. The study draws on archival materials of the Ishim Shoe Factory, Ishim Museum Complex A.P. Ershov, State Archive in Ishim, Ishim Medical College Museum, Larikha School Museum, which are being thus introduces into scientific use. Records keeping documents represent the formal perception of challenges in the way of life and contain quantitative data of the home front enterprises, while personal provenance sources provide a greater awareness of things at an individual level and draw a picture of women’s everyday living in Ishim in the days of the Great Patriotic War, showing all the severity of the wartime. Historical and anthropological approach, focusing on the specificity of feminine writing, highlights such features of the feminine world perception as emotionalism and great detailing of “male business.” The study shows the changing status of women with the outbreak of the war. Male professions, which were dangerous to human health and needed a greater amount of energy, entered the women’s daily life. The memoirs of home front workers tell of the difficulties of everyday life and of ways to overcome the challenges; describe the specificities of living in densely populated accommodations and of nutrition in acute food shortage; showcase their active assistance to the army and evacuees; demonstrate revitalization of leisure activities and their confidence in victory. At the same time, women maintained their traditional social roles relating to house-keeping and child-rearing; care for family, loved ones, and other people; fighting numerous wartime diseases; supporting children evacuated from Leningrad. In the wartime, women had an important social function: they created a special spiritual atmosphere, helping to reconcile with the cruel military reality, to preserve the hope of peace. Thus imperative of the behavior of the majority of women was formed: “to work not with tears, but with song.” The material of the article can be used in general research of the rear living conditions during the Great Patriotic War, in study of the Siberian region, as well as in preparation of popular science publications and educational material for students and schoolchildren.
“Material and Technical Support of the Red Army: 1928–45”: Publication of a New Documents Collection at the Russian State Archive in Samara
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation, Khramkova Elena L. , Tuzova Olga V. ,   Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The review of the documents collection prepared by O. N. Soldatova and E. S. Bogdanova at the Russian State Archives in Samara (RGA v g. Samara) notes that the issues of material and technical support of the Red Army in 1928–45 has not been sufficiently studied in historiography. It emphasizes the uniqueness of the publication covering its scientific and technological aspects. The main thematic areas are of undoubted interest: uniforms and footwear for officers and soldiers, equipment and food for the army; innovative technological developments for fastening soles of shoes; raw materials for equipment. The review highlights documents containing information on technology of filming and movie screening, conveyor ovens, use of leather substitutes, special fabrics and prepared tissues, production of bread and bakery, canned food and concentrates, freezing and transportation of products, results of experimental tests. The compilers have carried out great work to identify and analyze the archaeographic documents (including those previously classified) from 18 fonds, which are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The comprehensive treatment of army provisioning is predicated upon the choice of various types of documents: recordkeeping, plans and reports, normative, reference, photographic documents, drawings, diagrams, periodicals. An analysis of the collection architectonics has been carried out, its structural advantages are noted (archaeographic preface, terminological dictionary, object reference, index, list of published documents, list of used fonds, list of abbreviations), as well as high professional level of archaeographic preparation of documents. These characteristics bespeak of unconditional value of scientific and reference apparatus facilitating effective work with the collection. It is concluded that the documents have rich informative potential, increasing empirical base and opening opportunities for new historical and interdisciplinary research, including that of military, scientific-technical, and innovative issues.
N. V. Tchaikovsky and A. I. Denikin: Dialogue, Collaboration, and Controversy of the Anti-Bolshevik Movement Leaders in the Days of the Civil War in Russia: Documents from Russian and Foreign Archives
Authors:   M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Goldin Vladislav I.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the activities of the anti-Bolshevik movement leaders, N.V. Tchaikovsky in the North and General A.I. Denikin in the South of Russia in the days of the Civil War. The object and aim of the research is to analyze their relations, dialogue, collaboration, and contradicting views on state building, interrelations of civil and military powers, relations with the foreign allies by studying archival documents. Most of the studied documents are from documentary collections of the former Russian Historical Archive Abroad in Prague transferred in 1946 to Moscow and now mostly stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation: personal provenance fonds of N. V. Tchaikovsky and A. I. Denikin, documentary collection of the “Society of Northerners.” The article analyzes a long letter written by Tchaikovsky and addressed to Denikin (April 1919), where he assesses organization of power in the Northern Region, relations of the military, including foreign allies and Commander-in-Chief of the Entente forces, with the government of the Northern Region. It presents documents on Tchaikovsky’s views on the political process in South Russia at the time when he was a member of the Russian Political Delegation of the Russian Political Conference in Paris; on relations of the White movement with nationalities. The article highlights Tchaikovsky’s meeting with the Polish leader Josef Pilsudski in an attempt to organize a military alliance of Denikin’s forces with Poland. It assesses Tchaikovsky’s participation in the South Russian Government in 1920 and his relations with General Denikin at the same period. Tchaikovsky sought to implement a “middle” course, balancing the “left” and the “right” fractions, civil and military powers; to demonstrate democratic nature of the Government; and to gain support of a considerable part of the population, while General Denikin was in favor of military dictatorship. Neither approach brought success to the anti-Bolshevik movement in the Civil War. However, identifying and introducing into scientific use documents of these two leaders of the anti-Bolshevik movement is important for proper understanding of its history.
Relações familiares e adoecimento psíquico:
Authors: Oliveira Vanilda Maria de
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho se encaixa nos estudos sobre relações familiares e saúde psíquica e tem, como objetivo, discutir um lado menos evidenciado desses relacionamentos, o adoecimento psíquico causado por relações familiares cruéis. Para tanto, adoto a perspectiva sociológica a fim de chamar atenção para a reconhecida causa subjetiva e sociocultural da depressão. Utilizei o método biográfico para a composição do corpus da pesquisa que se faz de histórias de vidas de sujeitos que foram diagnosticados com depressão. Estas contribuíram para a compreensão de quais aspectos da vida são considerados definitivos no desenvolvimento desse adoecimento psíquico. Foi possível observar que o sofrimento advindo de relações familiares violentas, de abandono, abusos e miséria afetiva ocupa lugar central, convergindo ao pensamento do sociólogo Ehrenberg (2008), para quem o deprimido é o sujeito que se reconhece sobretudo pelo que falta, ou seja, pelo que lhe foi negado.
Palavras-chaves: Relações familiares. Depressão. Gênero. Método biográfico.
 
Abstract
This work fits into the studies on family relationships and psychic health and aims to discuss a less evident side of these relationships, the psychic illness caused by cruel family relationships. To this end, I adopt the sociological perspective in order to draw attention to the recognized subjective and sociocultural cause of depression. I used the biographical method to compose the corpus of the research that is made of the narratives of the lives of subjects who were diagnosed with depression. These contributed to the understanding of which aspects of life are considered definitive in the development of this psychic illness. It was possible to observe that the suffering resulting from violent family relationships, abandonment, abuse and affective misery occupies a central place, converging to the thinking of the sociologist Ehrenberg (2008), for whom the depressed is the subject who recognizes himself mainly for what he lacks, that is, for which it was denied.
Keywords: Family relationships. Depression. Gender. Biographical method.
Klasik Türk şiirinde 18. yüzyıl şeyhülislamlarının güzel ahlak vasfı
Authors: MENTEŞE Merve
Published: April 2022

Tarih, kültür, zihniyet, tabiat gibi pek çok kaynaktan beslenen klasik Türk şiirinde, bu kaynakların temelini oluşturan asıl faktör insandır. Bu nedenle insan ve insanla ilgili görünüşler klasik Türk şiirinde oldukça fazla yer almaktadır. Bu görünüşler şiirlerde tipler ve kişilikler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Klasik Türk şiirinde kaside veya tarih manzumelerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan şeyhülislamlar da tarihî kişilikler arasında yer almaktadır. Klasik Türk şiirinde devlet adamlarına oldukça fazla yer verilmiştir. Şiirlerde devlet adamları genellikle kendilerine sunulan kasidelerle, vefat, düğün, görevde yükselme veya görevden alınma gibi önemli hususlar için yazılan tarih manzumelerinde ve bunun beraberinde gazellerde yer almaktadır. Klasik Türk şiirinde devlet adamları pek çok özelliğiyle de anılmıştır. Bu özellikleri devlet ve toplum değerleri ile kişisel özellikler olarak iki ana gruba ayırmak mümkündür. Savaşçılık, cihan hakimiyeti, devletçilik, asayiş, fetih, yönetim anlayışı, üstünlük ve kahramanlık gibi özellikler devlet ve toplum değerleri başlığında değerlendirilebilmektedir. Görev bilgisi, güzel ahlâk, adalet, cömertlik, akıllılık, biyografi, hükmünün yürümesi, beraber anıldığı ünlü kişilikler, tedbirlilik, kahırlılık, basiret, ilim ehli, dindarlık, sanat, zıllullah, reşitlik gibi özellikler ise devlet adamlarının şiirlerde rastlanan kişisel özelliklerindendir. Bu çalışmada klasik Türk şiirindeki devlet adamlığı vasıflarından olan güzel ahlak vasfı 18. yüzyıl şeyhülislamlarında incelenmiştir. Belirlenen üç divanda yer alan toplam 10 şeyhülislamın öncelikle kısa biyografilerine değinilmiştir. Ardından şeyhülislamlar için güzel ahlak şiirlerde nasıl kullanıldığı incelenmiştir. Örnek beyitlere ve beyitlerde özellikleri yansıtan kelime, tamlama, mısra gibi öğelere anlamlarıyla birlikte yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda elde edilen verilerin istatiksel sonuçlarını gösteren bir tablo da yer almaktadır.
Türkçedeki —mAdAn zarf-fiil ekinin Almancadaki eşdeğerlilikleri üzerine
Authors: ZENGİN Eyüp
Published: April 2022

Yabancı dil olarak Almancanın öğretiminde, Türkçedeki fiilimsi yapıların anlaşılması ve bunların Almancaya aktarılması, Almanca öğrenenler için anlaşılması zor olan temel konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu zorluk esas itibariyle Türkçedeki fiilimsi yapıların yeterince anlaşılamaması ve bunların Almancadaki eşdeğerliliklerinin belirlenememesi nedeniyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu konunun anlaşılmasında güçlükler ortaya koyan diğer bir husus ise, Türkçede ve Almancada birleşik cümle yapılarının bağlanma şekillerinden ve bu yapıların farklılıklar arz etmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Zira birleşik cümle yapıları Türkçede genel itibariyle bağlayıcı (Junktor) olarak adlandırılan fiilimsi ekleriyle, Almancada ise bağlaç (Konjunktion) ile bağlanmaktadır. Diğer önemli bir farklılık ise, her iki dilde de birleşik cümle yapılarında, temel cümlenin bir öğesi olarak görev yapan yan cümlenin, Türkçede çekimsiz fiilli (infinit), Almancada ise çekimli fiilli (finit) olmasıdır. Bu iki dilin birleşik cümle yapılarındaki zikredilen bu farklılıklarına rağmen, benzerliklerin farklılıklardan daha çok olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Türkçedeki fiilimsi yapıların anlaşılıp çözümlenebilmesi, bunların Almancadaki eşdeğerliliğinin daha kolay algılanabilmesini ve aktarılabilmesini kolaylaştıracaktır. Bu çalışma ile Türkçede tartışma konusu olan, üzerinde farklı görüşlerin ve tanımlamaların yapıldığı –mAdAn zarf-fiil ekinin açık (explizit) ve örtük (implizit) anlamları ve görevleri araştırılmış, bunların Almancada hangi eşdeğerlilikleri ile karşılık bulduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ayrıca –mAdAn zarf-fiil ekinin yapı olarak Almancada nasıl anlaşılması ve çözümlenmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmuş farklılıklar, benzerlikler ve zaman bağıntıları karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde verilmiştir.
I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında İstanbul ve Çanakkale’ye gelen heyetin kaleme aldığı “el-Bi‘setu’l-‘İlmiyye ilâ Dar’il-Hilafeti’l-İslamiyye” adlı eserin propaganda açısından incelenmesi
Authors: ŞANVERDİ Halil İbrahim , DAĞBAŞI Gürkan
Published: April 2022

Propaganda gerek barış gerekse savaş zamanında ülkelerin milli birliğini korumak adına yaptıkları çeşitli etkinlikleri kapsayan bir girişimdir. Birçok ülke tarafından kamuoyunu yönlendirmek amacıyla kullanılan bu girişim savaş zamanlarında belki de en çok başvurulan yöntemlerden biridir. I. Dünya Savaşı devam ederken çeşitli ülkelerden Osmanlı Devleti lehine ya da aleyhine propaganda yapmak üzere heyetler Osmanlı topraklarına veya savaş cephelerine gelmişlerdir. Osmanlı Devleti de I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında propaganda faaliyetlerinden yararlanmak istemiştir. Bu sebeple bazı heyetlerin ziyaretleri Harbiye Nezareti’nin öncülüğünde Osmanlı Devleti’nin gücünü ve çabasını, ordunun cephelerde canla başla nasıl savaştığını kanıtlamak için organize edilmiştir. Bu heyetlerden biri de Şam bölgesinin mütefekkir ve gazetecilerden oluşan otuz bir kişilik ‘el-Bi’setu’l-‘ilmiyye’ diye bilinen heyettir. Bu heyet I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Suriye’de görevli olan Ahmet Cemal Paşa tarafından organize edilip, savaşın devam ettiği sıralarda Araplar arasında yayılan kara propagandayı önlemek için gönderilmiştir. Heyet, İstanbul’da belirli bir süre kaldıktan sonra Çanakkale’ye geçerek savaş cephelerini ziyaret etmiş ve ordu karargâhında misafir edilmiştir. Bu heyette bulunan gazeteciler ülkelerine döndükten sonra “el-Bi‘setu’l-‘İlmiyye ilâ Dar’il-Hilafeti’l-İslamiyye” adlı bir gezi-hatıra kitabı kaleme almışlardır. Bu kitapta Osmanlı topraklarında gördüklerini, yaşadıklarını ve devletin savaşa katılmasındaki haklılığını, savaşa olan hazırlığını, Osmanlı devlet yöneticilerinin nasıl çaba sarf ettiğini ve savaş meydanındaki askerlerin ne kadar özveriyle savaştıklarını anlatmışlardır. Bu çalışmada bu heyetin gezi sonrası Arapça olarak kaleme aldığı “el-Bi‘setu’l-‘İlmiyye ilâ Dar’il-Hilafeti’l-İslamiyye” adlı kitabından propaganda amacı taşıdığı düşünülen bölümler doküman analizi yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında eserin bir gezi-hatıra kitabı olması sebebiyle eserde yer alan bilgiler tarihsel bilgiler çerçevesinde ele alınmamış, propaganda amacıyla yazıldığını destekler nitelikte örnekler ortaya konulmuştur.
Considerare and desiderare: An astronomic etymology
Authors: D'ANGERİO Ruggero
Published: April 2022

The etymology desīderāre and consīderāre has been a controversial subject. The presence of the word sīdus (star/constellation) and the roman rituals related to the observation of the stars have influenced numerous dictionary compilers who propend for an explanation tackling stars observation and magic. Researchers have focused on the examination of the word sīdus and have found conflictive results, linking the meaning and etymology of these words to the sectorial languages of astrology, hunting, or fishing. Considering that this etymology supposedly incorporates astronomy, intended as science or practical knowledge, this article aims to offer a different explanation for desīderāre and consīderāre. In ancient times the observation of the sky was pivotal for various activities because the stars were providing humans with accurate indications of time. These indicators were composed of different constellations. While sīdus refers to a constellation or group of stars, a single star is named stella in Latin. Besides, agriculture was an indispensable and time-based activity, which was impossible to do without the help of the sky although it was fundamental for the survival of communities. This interdependence was present in both Greek and Latin literature, as the star-based calendars are a common trait found in many ancient civilizations. Against this background, this article argues that desīderāre and consīderāre pertain to the agricultural language and it incorporates both values of expectation and pondering that are related to the anxiety for the new vital cycles and the planning of agricultural works.
The renovation of the self by the other in Iris Murdoch’s carnivalesque The Italian Girl (1964)
Authors: AMBARCIOĞLU Hasibe
Published: April 2022

Bakhtin (1895-1975), who was a Russian literary critic and philosopher, has made significant contributions to the terminology of literary theory, such as dialogism, polyphony and carnavalism.He examined the works of Dostoevsky to unpack the difference between Dostoevsky’s oeuvre and the other homophonic, that is single voiced novels. In these novels, characters are set and fixed whereas Dostoevsky’s characters are unfinalizable and they are defined ‘by the word of the other, so that the plot is drawn within the interaction between the characters not by the authorial ideal. In his Rabelais and His World (1965), Bakhtin underlines two important terms, ‘carnival’ as a social institution and grotesque realism as a literary mode. Carnivalism is used to refer to the collectivity of the society, that is people forming a unity coming from different socioeconomic or racial backgrounds. Throughout a carnival, an individual is renewed by exchanging bodies through wearing masks and costumes. Here, the focus seems to be on the awareness of one’s sensual, material, bodily unity and community. By focusing on the body, Bakhtin combines the carnival with the grotesque which determines the carnival’s stress on the bodily changes through eating, evacuation and sexuality. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999), who has unpredictable plots with characters from different layers of society and undermines the ideal civilized upper-class communities, has presented her reader with the themes of morality, good and evil in her novels. The aim of this paper is to read The Italian Girl (1964) using Baktinian criticism to interpret the renewal of her characters after they have connected the characters stigmatised as ‘the Other’ in the society, like the Jewish siblings who come from Russia and the Italian Girl, the governess of the family.
Türk ve Rus atasözlerinde “Ölüm” kavramına bir bakış
Authors: RAMAZANOVA Shelale
Published: April 2022

Türk ve Rus toplumlarının dünya görüşünün fonksiyonları atasözlerinde mevcuttur. Tarih ve kültür üzerinde uzun bir gözlem, tecrübe ve gelişim süreci sonucu ortaya çıkan atasözleri, kültürel bilgileri, tavırları ve düşünce kalıplarını nesilden nesle aktarır. Gelenekler, görenekler ve inançlar, atasözleri aracılığı ile önce insanların zihnine daha sonra davranışlarına yerleşir. Atasözleri düşünceyi büyük oranda yansıtan bir dil materyalidir. Ulusal dillerde ifade edilen kavramlar semiyotik birimleri belirtir. Ulusal dünya görüşünün fonksiyonları, halk kültürünün özgünlüğü ve yaşam tarzının fonksiyonları atasözlerinde kendine yer bulur. Bu özellikleriyle atasözleri araştırma konusu olarak ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, atasözlerinde “ölüm” ifadesinin anlamsal farklılıklarının temelleri sorgulanacaktır. Ayrıca, Türkler ve Rusların tarih boyunca ölüm algısındaki değişimleri ve yüzyıllar içerisinde sanatsal söylemin gelişmesiyle birlikte, “ölüm” kavramının duygularla ifade edilmiş biçimleri ortaya konulacaktır. Ölüm, insanın kendi sonunu düşünmeye iten bir olgudur. Ölen birinin yakınlarında derin izler bırakan ölüm algılaması, din, tıp, felsefi ve sosyolojik açıdan ele alınabilir. İnsanların düşüncelerinde böylesine önemli bir iz bırakan ölüm, birçok halk edebiyatı eserinde ve atasözlerinde etkili bir biçimde tasvir edilmiştir. Ölüm kavramı hem gerçek hem de mecazi anlamıyla atasözlerinde kullanılabildiğinden, atasözünün hem Türkçe hem de Rusça tanımının yapılması gerekmektedir.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF ACCOUNTANT, AUDITOR AND TAXPAYER AS A FACTOR OF FORMING PUBLIC OPINION
Authors: Kulynych Myroslava , Skoruk Olena , Safarova Anna
Published: April 2022

The article describes the features of professional ethics of accountants, auditors and tax officers as an importantcondition for achieving the better productivity. The essence of the concept of professional ethics is stated. Professionalethics is a code of rules that determine the behavior of a specialist in the performance of professional duties andguarantee compliance with moral norms within the current legislation. The basic principles of ethics of professionalaccountants are clarified. The algorithm of identification and assessment of threats to the observance of basic principlesand application of precautionary measures is determined. It is established that the observance of professional ethics byan accountant, auditor and tax officer is one of the most important factors of clients' trust in the results of their work.
ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF USING INNOVATIONS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM (on the example of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Matiashvili Lasha
Published: April 2022

The article presents several conclusions, which boil down to the following: the legal basis for the use of innovations in the activities of the penal system is the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 21, 2012; the use of innovations in the activities of the penitentiary system is to involve employees in the process of digitalization of their official activities; the use of innovations in the activities of the penitentiary system means the use of innovative technical means while ensuring the maintenance of convicts in correctional institutions.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM AS A LEGAL CATEGORY IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF MAN AND CITIZEN
Authors: Saudakhanov Marat
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and foreign states, as well as the norms of international Law, freedom of teaching as a legal category in the system of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen are analyzed. It is shown, in particular, that the domestic constitutional and legal representation of the category “academic freedom” is mainly located in the plane of subjective Law due to the burden of a wide range of legal restrictions and the absence of absolute properties.
ON THE QUESON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CIRCUMSTANCES SUBJECT TO PROVING WITHIN CRIMINAL FRAUD INVESTIGATIONSUMSTANCES SUBJECT TO PROVING WITHIN CRIMINAL FRAUD INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Phat Dok
Published: April 2022

The article examines the circumstances to be proven in criminal cases of fraud.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, THE USA AND CHINA
Authors: Fedorov Roman , Podolsky Vitaliy
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the Constitutions of different countries to study the fundamentals of the economic sphere, namely, property and economic activity based on three countries — the Russian Federation, the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, as well as to find a possible way to develop economic activity and the economy as a whole in the Russian Federation.
MILITARY CONTINGENTS OF BRITISH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUESH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUES
Authors: Shagaev Viktor , Alyaeva Lyudmila
Published: April 2022

The article examines the issues of composition, organization and recruitment of various military contingents, with the help of which the British colonial authorities maintained their dominance in India itself and beyond after the Sepoy uprising of the late 60s of the XIX century. The general principles and methods of recruiting these contingents, as well as the features inherent in their various types, the requirements for candidates when entering the service and the procedure for its passage are disclosed. The article also outlines the problems that existed at the same time and how they were overcome.