bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Recall and Selection Biases on Modeling Cancer Risk From Mobile Phone Use: Results From a Case–Control Simulation Study
Authors: Bouaoun Liacine , Byrnes Graham , Lagorio Susanna , Feychting Maria , Abou-Bakre Abdellah , Béranger Rémi , Schüz Joachim
Published: May 2024

Background:

The largest case–control study (Interphone study) investigating glioma risk related to mobile phone use showed a J-shaped relationship with reduced relative risks for moderate use and a 40% increased relative risk among the 10% heaviest regular mobile phone users, using a categorical risk model based on deciles of lifetime duration of use among ever regular users.

Methods:

We conducted Monte Carlo simulations examining whether the reported estimates are compatible with an assumption of no effect of mobile phone use on glioma risk when the various forms of biases present in the Interphone study are accounted for. Four scenarios of sources of error in self-reported mobile phone use were considered, along with selection bias. Input parameters used for simulations were those obtained from Interphone validation studies on reporting accuracy and from using a nonresponse questionnaire.

Results:

We found that the scenario simultaneously modeling systematic and random reporting errors produced a J-shaped relationship perfectly compatible with the observed relationship from the main Interphone study with a simulated spurious increased relative risk among heaviest users (odds ratio = 1.91) compared with never regular users. The main determinant for producing this J shape was higher reporting error variance in cases compared with controls, as observed in the validation studies. Selection bias contributed to the reduced risks as well.

Conclusions:

Some uncertainty remains, but the evidence from the present simulation study shifts the overall assessment to making it less likely that heavy mobile phone use is causally related to an increased glioma risk.
Human Conjunctival Transcriptome in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Seitzman Gerami D. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Lietman Thomas M. , Ruder Kevin , Zhong Lina , Chen Cindi , Liu YuHeng , Yu Danny , Abraham Thomas , Hinterwirth Armin , Doan Thuy ,   on behalf of the capriCORN (Comprehensive Analysis of Pathogens, Resistomes, and Inflammatory markers in the CORNea) Study Group
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to identify conjunctival transcriptome differences in patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis compared with keratitis with no known associated pathogen.

Methods:

The host conjunctival transcriptome of 9 patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is compared with the host conjunctival transcriptome of 13 patients with pathogen-free keratitis. Culture and/or confocal confirmed Acanthamoeba in 8 of 9 participants with AK who underwent metagenomic RNA sequencing as the likely pathogen. Cultures were negative in all 13 cases where metagenomic RNA sequencing did not identify a pathogen.

Results:

Transcriptome analysis identified 36 genes differently expressed between patients with AK and patients with presumed sterile, or pathogen-free, keratitis. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that some of these genes participate in several biologic pathways important for cellular signaling, ion transport and homeostasis, glucose transport, and mitochondrial metabolism. Notable relatively differentially expressed genes with potential relevance to Acanthamoeba infection included CPS1, SLC35B4, STEAP2, ATP2B2, NMNAT3, and AKAP12.

Conclusions:

This research suggests that the local transcriptome in Acanthamoeba keratitis may be sufficiently robust to be detected in the conjunctiva and that corneas infected with Acanthamoeba may be distinguished from the inflamed cornea where no pathogen was identified. Given the low sensitivity for corneal cultures, identification of differentially expressed genes may serve as a suggestive transcriptional signature allowing for a complementary diagnostic technique to identify this blinding parasite. Knowledge of differentially expressed genes may also direct investigation of disease pathophysiology and suggest novel pathways for therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of Anterior Scleral Thickness and Angle Parameters in Eyes with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma
Authors: Alpogan Oksan , Un Yasemin , Tekcan Hatice , Kose Alev Ozcelik , Bolac Ruveyde
Published: May 2024

Précis:

The relationship between anterior scleral thickness (AST) and scleral spur (SS) length was disrupted in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PX), and SS length was shorter in eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG).

Objectives:

To evaluate AST in eyes with PX and to examine the relationship between AST and Schlemm canal (SC), trabecular meshwork (TM), and SS.

Patients and Methods:

Thirty-eight patients with PX syndrome (PXS), 38 patients with PXG, and 38 healthy patients were included in the study. Using sweep source anterior segment optical coherence tomography, AST (0, 1, 2, and 3 mm from the SS), SC, and TM were visualized in the nasal and temporal areas, and measurements were compared between groups. The relationships between corneal thickness, TM, SS, SC, and AST were then evaluated.

Results:

In all groups, the AST, SC, and TM measurements were similar (P > 0.05). In the PXG group, SS lengths in the temporal area were shorter than those in the control and PXS groups (P = 0.012). There were significant correlations between TM length and AST in the PXG group (P < 0.05). The SS length exhibited moderately positive correlations with SC length and mean TM thickness in the PXG (P < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between AST0 and SS in healthy eyes (P < 0.05), but not in other eyes.

Conclusions:

The shorter SS length observed in eyes with PXG may be a sign of structural changes. In addition, disruption of the relationship between AST and SS may be an early sign of pathologic processes, especially in eyes with PXS, and may require closer follow-up of these eyes.
From Entry to Evasion: A Comprehensive Analysis of Host-Virus Interactions for Monkeypox
Authors: Sofiani Vahideh Hamidi , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh , Charostad Javad , Pardeshenas Mohammad , Ghazi Reza , Arefinia Nasir , Shafieipour Sara , Salajegheh Faranak , Nakhaie Mohsen
Published: May 2024

Monkeypox (Mpox) has posed a novel challenge and emerged as a threat to global public health since the onset of its outbreak in 2022. Mpox is spreading throughout the world in both endemic and non-endemic countries, indicating that its behavior is evolving. The prevalence of Mpox and the risk of a global pandemic necessitate a better understanding of Mpox virus replications and interactions with the host. Here, we attempted to provide a detailed comprehensive review of Mpox virus behavior at the molecular level from the entry level to the establishment of a successful infection, including attachment and entry, DNA replication, protein expression and viron assembly and egress. This review also describes its strategies to evade host immune responses and inhibit apoptosis, and uncovers underlying molecular mechanisms such as subverted signaling pathways and cellular factors behind host-viral interactions.
Teprotumumab-Related Hearing Loss: A Large-Scale Analysis and Review of Voluntarily Reported Patient Complaints to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Authors: McGwin Gerald , Owsley Cynthia , Vicinanzo Matthew G.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Accumulating case reports and series have suggested that teprotumumab may significantly increase the risk of hearing impairment that, in some cases, does not resolve. This study investigates the association between hearing impairment and teprotumumab use.

Methods:

A disproportionality analysis was conducted using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, a publicly accessible database used for postmarketing surveillance and research. All adverse event reports containing the terms “teprotumumab” or “Tepezza” and a similar comparison group from all patients with the same indications for teprotumumab use (e.g., autoimmune thyroiditis, endocrine ophthalmopathy, and hyperthyroidism) but who had not received the drug were selected. Hearing impairment events were identified using the hearing impairment Standardized MedDRA Query.

Results:

A total of 940 teprotumumab-associated adverse events were identified, including 84 hearing-related adverse events, with the first reported to the Food and Drug Administration in April 2020. A comparison group of 32,794 nonteprotumumab adverse events was identified with 127 hearing-related adverse events reported. Use of teprotumumab in patients with thyroid conditions was associated with a nearly 24-fold (proportional reporting ratio [PRR] 23.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.1–30.8) increased likelihood of any hearing disorder (p value <0.0001). The association was specifically elevated for a variety of deafness conditions (e.g., bilateral deafness [PRR: 41.9; 95% CI: 12.8–136.9]), Eustachian tube disorders (PRR: 34.9; 95% CI: 4.9–247.4), hypoacusis (PRR: 10.1; 95% CI: 7.6–13.3), and tinnitus (PRR: 8.7; 95% CI: 6.2–12.1).

Conclusions:

Patients treated with teprotumumab should receive warnings regarding the increased risk of hearing-related impairments and receive audiometry before, during, and after treatment.
Translating an Intervention to Address Chronic Pain among Home Care Workers
Authors: Olson Ryan , Hess Jennifer A. , Turk Dennis , Marino Miguel , Donovan Courtney , Stoffregen Stacy A. , De Anda Ivanna , Springer Rachel , Nguyen-Kearns Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Objective

To pilot test the COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support for Navigating Pain (COMPASS-NP) intervention for home care workers experiencing chronic pain.

Methods

Home care workers with chronic pain participated (n = 19; 2 groups) in a 10-week online group program focused on workplace safety and pain self-management. Primary outcomes were changes in pain interference with work and life. Other outcomes related to ergonomics, pain levels, opioid misuse risk, mental health, sleep, and physical activity.

Results

The intervention produced a large reduction in pain interference with life (d = −0.85) and a moderate reduction in pain interference with work time demands (d = −0.61). Secondary outcomes showed favorable effect sizes, including a substantial increase in the use of ergonomic tools and techniques (d = 1.47).

Conclusion

Findings were strongly encouraging. The effectiveness of COMPASS-NP will be evaluated in a future randomized controlled trial.
An Online Training Module to Increase Knowledge and Awareness of Chemical Exposures and Safety Measures Among Nail Salon Workers
Authors: Rosemberg Marie-Anne S. , Le Aurora B. , Luu My , Nguyen Tuan
Published: May 2024

Objective

We developed an online training module targeting nail salon workers’ knowledge of chemical exposure and safety, responding directly to the workers’ expressed needs in a Midwest State.

Methods

Following a needs assessment, we designed and developed the module content. Implementation and evaluation approaches were rolled out into three phases.

Results

Seven workers completed the English version of the module, and 24 workers completed the Vietnamese version. The average pretest scores for those who completed the English and Vietnamese versions of the training were 81.43% and 58.33%, respectively. The average posttest score was 98.57% for English and 91.67% for Vietnamese.

Conclusion

Culturally appropriate educational resources are effective facets of enhancing nail salon workers’ awareness and their occupational health subsequently.
Safety and efficacy of continuous terlipressin infusion in HRS-AKI in a transplant population
Authors: Reddy K. Rajender , Weinberg Ethan M. , Gonzalez Stevan A. , Izzy Manhal J. , Simonetto Douglas A. , Frederick R. Todd , Rubin Raymond A. , Fricker Zachary , Ikahihifo-Bender Jade , Harte Maggie , Garcia Sandra , Campbell Kathryn , Olofson Amy , Razavi Ryan F. , James Janelle M. , Patel Het , Kim-Lee Grace , Witkiewicz Sherry , Tobin William , Jamil Khurram
Published: May 2024

Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While liver transplantation is the definitive treatment, continuous terlipressin infusion for HRS-AKI may provide benefit and, as such, was assessed in a population composed of candidates for liver transplant (LT). Fifty hospitalized LT-eligible patients with HRS-AKI received a single bolus followed by continuous terlipressin infusion. Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 3, serum creatinine (SCr)>5.0 mg/dL, or Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) ≥35 were exclusions. Fifty hospitalized patients who received midodrine and octreotide or norepinephrine for HRS-AKI served as a historical comparator cohort. Complete response (CR) was defined as a ≥30% decrease in SCr with end-of-treatment (EOT) SCr≤1.5, partial response as a ≥30% decrease in SCr with EOT SCr>1.5, and nonresponse as a <30% decrease in SCr. CR rate was significantly higher in the terlipressin cohort compared to the historical cohort (64% vs. 16%, p<0.001). Survival, while numerically higher in those who received terlipressin, was statistically similar (D30: 94% vs. 82%, p=0.12; D90: 78% vs. 68%, p=0.37). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was more common among terlipressin NR than CR and PR (70% vs. 3% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). EOT MELD and SCr were significantly lower within terlipressin cohort (MELD: 19 vs. 25, SCr: 1.4 vs. 2.1 mg/dL, p<0.001). Sixteen of 40 terlipressin-treated patients received LT-alone (terlipressin CR in 10/16). One patient on terlipressin had a hypoxic respiratory failure that responded to diuretics; one possibly had drug-related rash. With continuous terlipressin infusion, a CR rate of 64% was observed with a favorable safety profile. Terlipressin use was associated with lower EOT MELD and SCr than the historical midodrine and octreotide/norepinephrine cohort; LT-alone was accomplished in a high proportion of complete terlipressin responders.
Standardization of Three Familiar Sound Recognition Tests in Hearing and Deaf Adult Populations
Authors: Debiève Clémence , Rosenzweig Flora , Wathour Justine
Published: May 2024

Objective

Recognition of familiar noises is crucial for understanding and reacting appropriately to our auditory environment. Its improvement is one of the benefits expected after cochlear implantation. The aim of this study was to standardize three environmental sounds noise recognition tests and to illustrate their application to a population of deaf adults with cochlear implants.

Method

Norms were established on a sample of 126 normal-hearing adults divided into 6 age groups. Three familiar sound recognition tests were used: 1) the Blue Mouse “First Familiar Sounds” (BM), 2) the UCL-IRSA test (TI), and 3) the Bernadette Piérart Familiar Sounds Test (TBF). These tests were also administered to 61 implanted deaf ears.

Results

We observed a significant effect of age on the accuracy scores of the TI and TBF tests for the hearing group and on the time scores of the TI and BM tests. Overall, the performance of the deaf participants was poorer and more variable than that of the hearing participants.

Conclusion

We have three tests that can be used in practice to measure the performance of deaf people (with cochlear implants) at different stages of their pre- and post-implant rehabilitation.
Vaginal complications of graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yaraghi Mansooreh , Mokhtari Tahereh , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Hazari Vajihe
Published: May 2024

Background:

Stem cell transplantation is a clinical approach used to treat certain types of cancers, such as hematologic malignancies. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs in 30–70% of cases and often diminishes the quality of life of transplant patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal complications of GVHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods:

This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design. All patients referred to Shariati Hospital in Tehran between 2019 and 2020 who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were considered for inclusion in this study if they met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria encompassed nonnot sexually active women aged 18–70 who received stem cell transplantation more than 100 days prior. Exclusion criteria comprised patients who experienced GVHD during the first 100 days posttransplantation. Additionally, individuals over 75 and patients with metastatic cancer were excluded.

Results:

A total of 55 patients were recruited, with ages averaging 40±9.9 years for recipients and 38.5±12.8 years for donors. Notably, 63.3 and 58.2% of patients exhibited oral and ocular symptoms, respectively. Regarding genital involvement, 49.1% experienced vaginal symptoms, while 25.5% had vulvar involvement. Among the 27 patients with vaginal involvement, two (7.4%) were categorized as mild, 17 (63%) as moderate, and eight (29.6%) as severe. Univariate analysis identified reduced vaginal discharge [odds ratio (OR=6.56)], vaginal tightness (OR=6.23), pelvic pain (OR=5.50), and vaginal involvement (OR=3.81) as significant predictors of other organ symptoms. Moreover, vaginal involvement (OR=3.68) emerged as the sole significant predictor of the cooccurrence of oral, ocular, and other organ symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, reduced vaginal discharge (OR=8.24) and vaginal tightness (OR=3.92) significantly predicted other organ symptoms (P=0.009).

Conclusion:

Reduced vaginal discharge and vaginal tightness remained significant predictors of other organ symptoms.
Bilateral vestibular schwannoma with a cooccurring meningioma in a child: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Chaulagain Ram P. , Shrestha Yelona , K.C. Kusha , Baral Abal
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Meningioma and vestibular schwannoma (VS) are the first and second most common benign central nervous system tumors. The coexistence of VS and meningioma presents a rare clinical scenario, particularly in pediatric patients. This report presents a case of bilateral VS with a cooccurring meningioma in a Nepali child and provides an overview of the literature on this condition.

Case report:

A 15-year-old male presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, seizures, and neurological deficits and was ultimately diagnosed with concomitant bilateral acoustic neuroma and meningioma. The patient underwent radiosurgery for bilateral VS and nonoperative management of the meningioma. Long-term follow-up revealed symptomatic improvement, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing such complex cases. The management of these tumors requires tailored treatment strategies guided by tumor characteristics and associated risks.

Discussion:

Meningioma and VS are common tumors of the central nervous system. Their coexistence is possible in neurofibromatosis type 2 but is exceedingly rare in pediatric age group. The tumors, often coexisting, pose diagnostic challenges. Diagnosis relies on clinical and genetic features, with multidisciplinary management involving various specialists. Treatment aims to preserve function and quality of life, utilizing approaches such as bevacizumab and surgical intervention. The role of radiation therapy remains uncertain. Genetic testing and regular monitoring are vital for early detection and intervention.

Conclusion:

The cooccurrence of acoustic neuromas and meningiomas is poorly understood, with limited reported cases and unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Further research into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the coexistence of these tumors is needed to optimize patient outcomes in this rare clinical entity.
Noninvasive Surrogate for Physiologic Dead Space Using the Carbon Dioxide Ventilatory Equivalent: Testing in a Single-Center Cohort, 2017–2023*
Authors: Bhalla Anoopindar K. , Klein Margaret J. , Hotz Justin , Kwok Jeni , Bonilla-Cartagena Jennifer E. , Baron David A. , Kohler Kristen , Bornstein Dinnel , Chang Daniel , Vu Kennedy , Armenta-Quiroz Anabel , Nelson Lara P. , Newth Christopher J.L. , Khemani Robinder G.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to evaluate the association between the carbon dioxide (co
2) ventilatory equivalent (VEqco
2 = minute ventilation/volume of co
2 produced per min), a marker of dead space that does not require a blood gas measurement, and mortality risk. We compared the strength of this association to that of physiologic dead space fraction (VD/Vt = [Paco
2–mixed-expired Pco
2]/Paco
2) as well as to other commonly used markers of dead space (i.e., the end-tidal alveolar dead space fraction [AVDSf = (Paco
2–end-tidal Pco
2)/Paco
2], and ventilatory ratio [VR = (minute ventilation × Paco
2)/(age-adjusted predicted minute ventilation × 37.5)]).

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort data, 2017–2023.

SETTING:

Quaternary PICU.

PATIENTS:

One hundred thirty-one children with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

All dead space markers were calculated at the same 1-minute timepoint for each patient within the first 72 hours of using invasive mechanical ventilation. The 131 children had a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 5.8 (IQR 1.4, 12.6) years, oxygenation index (OI) of 7.5 (IQR 4.6, 14.3), VD/Vt of 0.47 (IQR 0.38, 0.61), and mortality was 17.6% (23/131). Higher VEqco
2 (p = 0.003), VD/Vt (p = 0.002), and VR (p = 0.013) were all associated with greater odds of mortality in multivariable models adjusting for OI, immunosuppressive comorbidity, and overall severity of illness. We failed to identify an association between AVDSf and mortality in the multivariable modeling. Similarly, we also failed to identify an association between OI and mortality after controlling for any dead space marker in the modeling. For the 28-day ventilator-free days outcome, we failed to identify an association between VD/Vt and the dead space markers in multivariable modeling, although OI was significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

VEqco
2 performs similarly to VD/Vt and other surrogate dead space markers, is independently associated with mortality risk, and may be a reasonable noninvasive surrogate for VD/Vt.
Acceptability of a future HIV vaccine: A rapid scoping review
Authors: Choi Jihye , May Sarah B. , Dang Bich N. , Markham Christine , McGlone Matthew , Cuccaro Paula M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is not available yet, but perceptions of HIV vaccines will be important to explore before their roll-out for effective vaccine promotion. This paper presents the findings of a rapid scoping review of the literature to identify individual, social, and vaccine-related factors associated with the acceptability of a future HIV vaccine.

Methods:

We searched five databases (Medline OVID, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane) using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings. All articles, regardless of study design, publication year, and geographic location, were included if they examined HIV vaccine acceptability and its underlying factors.

Results:

We retrieved 2,386 unique articles, of which 76 were included in the final review. Perceived benefits (34.2%) and perceived susceptibility (25.0%) were primary individual factors of HIV vaccine acceptability. Misinformation (17.1%) and distrust (22.4%) regarding future HIV vaccines, HIV stigma (30.3%), and social support (10.5%) were social factors of HIV vaccine acceptability. Vaccine efficacy (42.1%), cost (28.9%) and side effects (67.1%) were common vaccine characteristics influencing HIV vaccine acceptability. Altruism (10.5%) and risk compensation (26.3%) were also key factors.

Conclusions:

Our analyses revealed that skeptical beliefs, negative perceptions, and misconceptions about HIV vaccines are real barriers to their acceptability. To alleviate HIV vaccine hesitancy and address trust concerns, strategic vaccine communication should be disseminated by trustworthy sources. Messages should impart accurate vaccine information and emphasize both individual and social benefits of HIV vaccination, as well as leverage social support in increasing willingness to get a future HIV vaccine.
Growth Patterns of the Maxillomandibular Complex in Preadolescent Patients With Pierre-Robin Sequence Using Cluster Analysis and Longitudinal Follow-Up Cephalometric Data
Authors: Baek Seung-Hak , Hong Hyunseung , Yang Il-Hyung
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To investigate the growth patterns of the maxillomandibular complex in preadolescent patients with Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS).

Methods:

The samples consisted of 20 preadolescent PRS patients who had cleft palate and did not undergo growth-modification therapy or surgical intervention [6 boys and 14 girls; mean age of lateral cephalograms taken, 8.8 y (T1) and 13.7 y (T2)]. According to k-means cluster analysis, four clusters were defined over 3 major groups at T1: (1) Both very retrusive maxilla and mandible group: Cluster-4 [n=4, very large gonial angle, very low facial height ratio (FHR)] and Cluster-1 (n=5, small gonial angle, normal FHR); (2) Retrusive maxilla and very retrusive mandible group (Cluster-3, n=7, normal gonial angle, very low FHR); and (3) Both normal maxilla and mandible group (Cluster-2, n=4, very large gonial angle, low FHR). Seven angular and ratio variables [sella-nasion-A point (SNA), sella-nasion-B point (SNB), A point-nasion-B point (ANB), saddle angle, gonial angle, mandibular-body-length/anterior-cranial-base-length (MBL/ACBL), and FHR] at T1 and T2 and growth change from T1 to T2 were investigated.

Results:

At T1, SNA, SNB, saddle angle, gonial angle (all P<0.05), and FHR (P<0.01) showed significant difference among 4 clusters. At T2, SNA, SNB and gonial angle (all P<0.05) still showed significant difference among 4 clusters. During T1 to T2, there was no significant change in variables at each cluster except an increase in MBL/ACBL in Cluster-1 and FHR in Cluster-3 (all P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Preadolescent PRS patients exhibited diverse skeletal phenotypes at T1, which did not change significantly from their original skeletal patterns by growth during T1 to T2.
Growth Evaluation After Costochondral Graft Combined With Functional Appliance in Children With Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis
Authors: Chen Shuo , Jie Bimeng , Yue Zhihao , Zhang Yi , Liu Dawei , He Yang
Published: May 2024

The treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children is a great challenge for surgeons. Costochondral graft (CCG) is a common method of reconstructing the TMJ in children. However, the growth pattern of CCG is unpredictable. In this study, we introduced a surgical–orthodontic approach and evaluated the growth results of the mandible and maxilla in children with TMJ ankylosis through 3-dimensional computed tomography measurements. A prospective cohort study was conducted on child patients diagnosed as having TMJ ankylosis between September 1, 2018 and June 1, 2020. Computer-aided virtual mandibular position guided the CCG, and removable functional appliance was used after surgery. The maximal incisal opening (MIO), the maxilla height, and the length of mandibular ramus were determined. Paired t test was performed to analyze the differences among various stages. Six patients (3 females, 3 males; aged 6–9 y) were included in this study. MIO was 12.4 mm before surgery and improved to 36.8 mm after 42.8 months’ follow-up. Mandible length increased by 5.1 mm in the affected side and by 5.3 mm in the unaffected side, without significant difference. The affected maxilla height increased by 6.7 mm, which was more than 5.0 mm in the unaffected side. In conclusion, continued growth of mandible and maxilla can be achieved through CCG combined with functional appliance treatment for children TMJ ankylosis.
Large Amount of Epidural Effusion Outside the Dura After Percutaneous Puncture and Suction Treatment
Authors: Bai Junyu , Zhang Jian , Zhang Zhiying
Published: May 2024

Epidural fluid collection is commonly seen as a low-density accumulation beneath the dura on postoperative computed tomography scans. It is discussed less in the literature because, in most cases, the fluid amount is small, self-absorbing, and typically does not cause neurological deficits, so intervention is usually unnecessary. However, when a significant amount of fluid accumulates, patients may experience symptoms such as altered consciousness and even coma. In such cases, treatment is necessary to reduce intracranial pressure, preventing further deterioration of consciousness and potentially life-threatening situations. The authors report a case of a large epidural fluid collection following cranioplasty, resulting in progressive deterioration of consciousness in the patient. Computed tomography scans indicated brain herniation. Subsequently, percutaneous puncture and suction treatment were performed, followed by appropriate pressure dressing. The patient gradually recovered from a shallow coma to clear consciousness and was discharged after rehabilitation.
Creating Double Eyelids in the Japanese Colonial Era of Korea (1910–1945)
Authors: Jung Sung Gyun , Hwang Kun , Hwang Young Joong
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the origins of the double-eyelid procedure in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. Through Google (www.google.com) and Naver (www.naver.com), the archives of newspapers and magazines were searched. The following topics were identified: ideal eyes in the Japanese colonial era, creating double eyelids using a non-surgical method, the first case of a double-eyelid operation in a Korean woman, and the presumed first case of a double-eyelid operation in Korea. By 1935, possessing double eyelids had come to be recognized as a symbol of modern beauty. An article suggested that women with small eyes consider surgery to transform their “single eyelid” into a “double-eyelid.” It endorsed plastic surgery as a marker of “worldly progress.” In 1939, a magazine featured an advertisement for Aihon tape, which was promoted to create “double eyelids.” Oh Yeop-ju, the first Korean hairdresser, underwent double-eyelid surgery at an Ophthalmology Clinic in Japan, sometime between 1927 and 1932. She is celebrated as a beauty icon who broadened the beauty horizons of Korean women. After returning in 1933 with a “very beautiful” appearance resulting from successful double-eyelid surgery, she received a special invitation to the Kong Eye Center in Seoul, which opened in 1937. Upon hearing her detailed account and examining her eyelids, the clinic began offering double-eyelid surgery. The technique for double-eyelid surgery was introduced from Japan and disseminated through a medical journal and to patients who had undergone the procedure in Japan.
Demographic, Functional, and Risk Factors Characterization in Ecuadorian Mestizo Patients With Microtia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: González-Andrade Fabricio , Coello Fausto , López-Pulles Ramiro , Fuenmayor Guillermo , Andrade Edwin , Vásconez Henry
Published: May 2024

Objective:

This paper compares demographic, morphological, functional, and risk factors between isolated and familial forms of microtia in Ecuadorian mestizo patients.

Methods:

The authors did an epidemiological, and retrospective study with 112 patients divided into isolated microtia (n = 91) and familial microtia (n = 21). Patients with syndromic microtia were not included.

Results:

In isolated microtia, the mean age was 11.80 ± 16.9, and the most prevalent age group was from 5 to 9 years, with 45.0%; males were 58.2%, and 91.2% of patients were born in a city above 2500 meters about sea level. In familial microtia, the mean age was 15.57 ± 17.2. There were no statistically significant differences between the analyzed variables. In isolated microtia, 41.8% of patients had bilateral involvement, 40.7% had grade 1 microtia in the right ear (RE), and grade 1 in the left ear was 47.3%; external auditory canal atresia of RE was present in 62.6%, and in left ear in 31.6%. External auditory canal atresia sidedness was mostly unilateral in both groups. Most patients did not have tags or pits (78% and 81% in RE and 85.7% and 71.4%). Most patients had moderate hearing loss in both ears.

Conclusion:

The authors found an association between both microtia forms with external auditory canal atresia in RE; only 20% of patients had unilateral auricular tags or pits in both groups. The authors also found a high incidence (18.75%) of familial microtia, which suggests a distinct pathological genetic component than the more prevalent isolated cases. The authors found a high association of microtia cases from the Ecuadorian highlands above 2500 meters about sea level (over 90%). The presence of “social” intake of alcohol during pregnancy showed over twice the chance of having a child born with microtia.
Inhibition of miR-9 Combined With Cisplatin Targeting APE1 Against Angiogenesis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hu Sunqiang , Ye Jiaqi , Wang Keyu , Xiong Yan , Nie Xin
Published: May 2024

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant tumor, and chemotherapy resistance suggests poor prognosis in OS patients. In this study, the authors discovered that miR-9 has a pro-angiogenic role in OS. The anti-angiogenic effects of cisplatin were greatly increased when miR-9 was suppressed in OS. In addition, the authors demonstrated that miR-9 plays a pro-angiogenic role by targeting apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (APE1) in OS. Importantly, our in vivo experiments showed that inhibition of miR-9 combined with cisplatin could suppress xenograft tumor growth by targeting APE1 and decreasing angiogenesis in OS. In summary, our results suggest that miR-9 plays a role as a tumor promoter, and inhibiting miR-9 and APE1 is a new strategy for inhibiting OS angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance.
Endoscopic and Surgical Treatment of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Population-based Comparative Study
Authors: Gao Fuli , Xu Xiaodan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Controversy surrounds the indications for endoscopic treatment (ET) versus surgery in addressing gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs). This paper aims to compare the long-term survival prognosis between ET and surgery for patients with GI-NENs.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of GI-NEN patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 was conducted using the SEER database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for clinical variables.

Results:

This study encompassed 12,016 patients with GI-NENs, with 3732 patients (31.1%) undergoing ET and 8284 patients (68.9%) opting for surgery. The rectum was the most frequent location for ET, while the small bowel was the predominant site for surgery. Both the ET and surgical groups exhibited similar overall survival risk and cancer-specific survival risk before and after matching. No significant differences in the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS and CSS rates were observed between the ET and surgery groups after PSM. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed a significantly better CSS in the ET group than the surgery group, particularly in stage I and tumors sized <10mm (P<0.01). In the colon subgroup, the OS and CSS of the ET group were superior to those of the surgery group (P<0.05). 

Conclusion:

Endoscopic treatment and surgery demonstrate comparable long-term survival prognoses for treating GI-NENs. ET emerges as a viable option for patients averse to surgical interventions.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in polytrauma patients
Authors: Johnny Cecil S. , Schlegel Richard N. , Balachandran Mayurathan , Casey Laura , Mathew Joseph , Carne Peter , Varma Dinesh , Ban Ee-Jun , Fitzgerald Mark C.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is characterized by severe colonic distension without mechanical obstruction. It has an uncertain pathogenesis and poses diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to explore risk factors and clinical outcomes of ACPO in polytrauma patients and contribute information to the limited literature on this condition.

METHODS

This retrospective study, conducted at a Level 1 trauma center, analyzed data from trauma patients with ACPO admitted between July 2009 and June 2018. A control cohort of major trauma patients was used. Data review encompassed patient demographics, abdominal imaging, injury characteristics, analgesic usage, interventions, complications, and mortality. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression and correlation coefficients, were employed to identify risk factors.

RESULTS

There were 57 cases of ACPO, with an incidence of 1.7 per 1,000 patients, rising to 4.86 in major trauma. Predominantly affecting those older than 50 years (75%) and males (75%), with motor vehicle accidents (50.8%) and falls from height (36.8%) being the commonest mechanisms. Noteworthy associated injuries included retroperitoneal bleeds (RPBs) (37%), spinal fractures (37%), and pelvic fractures (37%). Analysis revealed significant associations between ACPO and shock index >0.9, Injury Severity Score >18, opioid use, RPBs, and pelvic fractures. A cecal diameter of ≥12 cm had a significant association with cecal ischemia or perforation.

CONCLUSION

This study underscores the significance of ACPO in polytrauma patients, demonstrating associations with risk factors and clinical outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly in older patients with RPBs, pelvic fractures, and opioid use. Early supportive therapy, vigilant monitoring, and timely interventions are crucial for a favorable outcome. Further research and prospective trials are warranted to validate these findings and enhance understanding of ACPO in trauma patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Differences in Racial and Ethnic Disparities Between First and Repeat Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Sandal Shaifali , Ahn JiYoon , Chen Yusi , Thompson Valerie , Purnell Tanjala S. , Cantarovich Marcelo , Clark-Cutaia Maya N. , Wu Wenbo , Suri Rita , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara
Published: May 2024

Background.

Recent data suggest patients with graft failure had better access to repeat kidney transplantation (re-KT) than transplant-naive dialysis accessing first KT. This was postulated to be because of better familiarity with the transplant process and healthcare system; whether this advantage is equitably distributed is not known. We compared the magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities in access to re-KT versus first KT.

Methods.

Using United States Renal Data System, we identified 104 454 White, Black, and Hispanic patients with a history of graft failure from 1995 to 2018, and 2 357 753 transplant-naive dialysis patients. We used adjusted Cox regression to estimate disparities in access to first and re-KT and whether the magnitude of these disparities differed between first and re-KT using a Wald test.

Results.

Black patients had inferior access to both waitlisting and receiving first KT and re-KT. However, the racial/ethnic disparities in waitlisting for (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.80) and receiving re-KT (aHR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.64) was greater than the racial/ethnic disparities in first KT (waitlisting: aHR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90-0.93; P
interaction = 0.001; KT: aHR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.64-0.72; P
interaction < 0.001). For Hispanic patients, ethnic disparities in waitlisting for re-KT (aHR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88) were greater than for first KT (aHR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11-1.16; P
interaction < 0.001). However, the disparity in receiving re-KT (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80) was similar to that for first KT (aHR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.68-0.79; P
interaction = 0.55). Inferences were similar when restricting the cohorts to the Kidney Allocation System era.

Conclusions.

Unlike White patients, Black and Hispanic patients with graft failure do not experience improved access to re-KT. This suggests that structural and systemic barriers likely persist for racialized patients accessing re-KT, and systemic changes are needed to achieve transplant equity.
Cancer Surveillance in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Pretransplant History of Malignancy: Multidisciplinary Collaborative Expert Opinion
Authors: Watt Kymberly D. , Rolak Stacey , Foley David P. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Pruthi Sandhya , Farr Deborah , Zwald Fiona O. , Carvajal Richard D. , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Sanger Cristina B. , Rocco Ricciardi , Chang George J. , Dizon Don S. , Langstraat Carrie L. , Teoh Deanna , Agarwal Piyush K. , Al-Qaoud Talal , Eggener Scott , Kennedy Cassie C. , D’Cunha Jonathan , Mohindra Nisha A. , Stewart Shelby , Habermann Thomas H. , Schuster Stephen , Lunning Matthew , Shah Nirav N. , Gertz Morie A. , Mehta Jayesh , Suvannasankha Attaya , Verna Elizabeth , Farr Maryjane , Blosser Christopher D , Hammel Laura , Al-Adra David P.
Published: May 2024

With improved medical treatments, the prognosis for many malignancies has improved, and more patients are presenting for transplant evaluation with a history of treated cancer. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with a prior malignancy are at higher risk of posttransplant recurrence or de novo malignancy, and they may require a cancer surveillance program that is individualized to their specific needs. There is a dearth of literature on optimal surveillance strategies specific to SOT recipients. A working group of transplant physicians and cancer-specific specialists met to provide expert opinion recommendations on optimal cancer surveillance after transplantation for patients with a history of malignancy. Surveillance strategies provided are mainly based on general population recurrence risk data, immunosuppression effects, and limited transplant-specific data and should be considered expert opinion based on current knowledge. Prospective studies of cancer-specific surveillance models in SOT recipients should be supported to inform posttransplant management of this high-risk population.
Retransplantation in Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Pomposelli James J. , Rela Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The need for retransplantation after living donor liver transplantation can occur early, mainly because of technical difficulties such as hepatic artery thrombosis or as a result of early allograft dysfunction as a symptom of small-for-size syndrome. Patients with autoimmune diseases may develop progressive graft failure from recurrent disease. The ethics of retransplantation can be complicated by the cause of the initial liver disease, which may be self-inflicted or the outcome of malignancy. This is especially true in countries without the availability of deceased donors for salvage, and a second living donor would be needed. Nevertheless, patients who experience early or late graft failure should be considered for retransplant if they are deemed acceptable candidates. When a living donor is required for retransplant, the equipoise between donor risk and autonomy and recipient outcome should be considered.
Time matters for mental health: a systematic review of quantitative studies on time perspective in psychiatric populations
Authors: Stolarski Maciej , Czajkowska-Łukasiewicz Katarzyna , Styła Rafał , Zajenkowska Anna
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

The ability to perform mental time travels and to develop representations of the past, the present, and the future is one of the distinctive capacities of the human mind. Despite its pronounced consequences for motivation, cognition, affect, and subjective well being, time perspective (TP) has been outside mainstream psychiatry and clinical psychology. We highlight the role of psychological-temporal phenomena in various disorders and summarize the current research on TP and psychopathology.

Recent findings

Our review ultimately comprised 21 articles, including 18 unique datasets. It revealed that persons with different psychiatric diagnoses (attention defict hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alcohol dependence, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia) display different temporal profiles than control groups. We also found marked associations between temporal features and psychiatric symptom severity. The effects of specific TPs vary across different psychiatric diagnoses and to some extent between various age groups, with a consistent, widespread, and nonspecific effect of past-negative and less balanced, inflexible TP profile.

Based on the review, TP biases are crucial factors in symptom development, while adaptive temporal profiles can serve as protective features against mental disorders. Understanding cognitive-temporal processes can enhance comprehension of psychopathological conditions and facilitate the development of temporality-focused clinical interventions.
Bigger is not necessarily better: empirical tests show that dispersal proxies misrepresent actual dispersal ability
Authors: Lancaster Jill , Downes Barbara J. , Kayll Zachary J.
Published: May 2024

Tests for the role of species’ relative dispersal abilities in ecological and biogeographical models rely heavily on dispersal proxies, which are seldom substantiated by empirical measures of actual dispersal. This is exemplified by tests of dispersal–range size relationships and by metacommunity research that often features invertebrates, particularly freshwater insects. Using rare and unique empirical data on dispersal abilities of caddisflies, we tested whether actual dispersal abilities were associated with commonly used dispersal proxies (metrics of wing size and shape; expert opinion). Across 59 species in 12 families, wing morphology was not associated with actual dispersal. Within some families, individual wing metrics captured some dispersal differences among species, although useful metrics varied among families and predictive power was typically low. Dispersal abilities assigned by experts were either no better than random or actually poorer than random. Our results cast considerable doubt on research underpinned by dispersal proxies and scrutiny of previous research results may be warranted. Greater progress may lie in employing innovative survey and experimental design to measure actual dispersal in the field.
Feather corticosterone is lower in translocated and historical populations of the endangered Laysan duck (
Anas laysanensis
)
Authors: Kilgour Denyelle A. V. , Romero L. Michael , Reed J. Michael
Published: May 2024

Identifying reliable bioindicators of population status is a central goal of conservation physiology. Physiological stress measures are often used as metrics of individual health and can assist in managing endangered species if linked to fitness traits. We analysed feather corticosterone, a cumulative physiological stress metric, of individuals from historical, translocated, and source populations of an endangered endemic Hawaiian bird, the Laysan duck (
Anas laysanensis
). We hypothesized that feather corticosterone would reflect the improved reproduction and survival rates observed in populations translocated to Midway and Kure Atolls from Laysan Island. We also predicted less physiological stress in historical Laysan birds collected before ecological conditions deteriorated and the population bottleneck. All hypotheses were supported: we found lower feather corticosterone in the translocated populations and historical samples than in those from recent Laysan samples. This suggests that current Laysan birds are experiencing greater physiological stress than historical Laysan and recently translocated birds. Our initial analysis suggests that feather corticosterone may be an indicator of population status and could be used as a non-invasive physiological monitoring tool for this species with further validation. Furthermore, these preliminary results, combined with published demographic data, suggest that current Laysan conditions may not be optimal for this species.