bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome driven discovery of novel candidate genes for human neurological disorders in the telomer-to-telomer genome assembly era
Authors: Falker-Gieske Clemens
Published: October 2023

Background

With the first complete draft of a human genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium unlocked previously concealed genomic regions for genetic analyses. These regions harbour nearly 2000 potential novel genes with unknown function. In order to uncover candidate genes associated with human neurological pathologies, a comparative transcriptome study using the T2T-CHM13 and the GRCh38 genome assemblies was conducted on previously published datasets for eight distinct human neurological disorders.

Results

The analysis of differential expression in RNA sequencing data led to the identification of 336 novel candidate genes linked to human neurological disorders. Additionally, it was revealed that, on average, 3.6% of the differentially expressed genes detected with the GRCh38 assembly may represent potential false positives. Among the noteworthy findings, two novel genes were discovered, one encoding a pore-structured protein and the other a highly ordered β-strand-rich protein. These genes exhibited upregulation in multiple epilepsy datasets and hold promise as candidate genes potentially modulating the progression of the disease. Furthermore, an analysis of RNA derived from white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis patients indicated significant upregulation of 26 rRNA encoding genes. Additionally, putative pathology related genes were identified for Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glioblastoma, glioma, and conditions resulting from the m.3242 A > G mtDNA mutation.

Conclusion

The results presented here underline the potential of the T2T-CHM13 assembly in facilitating the discovery of candidate genes from transcriptome data in the context of human disorders. Moreover, the results demonstrate the value of remapping sequencing data to a superior genome assembly. Numerous potential pathology related genes, either as causative factors or related elements, have been unveiled, warranting further experimental validation.
Opioid-related polysubstance use and its effect on mortality and health resource utilization among trauma patients
Authors: Khadka Safalta , Bardes James M. , Al-Mamun Mohammad A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Pre-injury opioid use is common, but the effects of opioid-related polysubstance use on mortality and health resources utilization (HRU) have not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of opioid-related polysubstance use on mortality and HRU among patients in trauma centres in the US.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using the US National Trauma Databank from the year 2017 to 2019. Patients (≥ 18 years of age) who tested positive for opioids were included. Patients were analysed based on the number of substances used (i.e., opioids only, two substances (opioids + 1 substance), and three or more than three substances (opioids +  ≥ 2 substances)), and polysubstance by type (i.e., opioids only, opioids and alcohol, opioids and stimulants, opioids and benzodiazepine, and other combinations). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between polysubstance use, mortality and HRU (i.e., need for hospital admission, ICU, and mechanical ventilation).

Results

Both polysubstance by number and type analyses showed that opioid-related polysubstance use was not significantly associated with mortality compared to opioids only. The odds of hospital admission were higher among the opioids and benzodiazepines group (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24, p < 0.01). The need for ICU was magnified using benzodiazepines and stimulants with opioids (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.63, p < 0.01) when compared to the opioids only group.

Conclusion

Opioid-related pre-injury polysubstance use was associated with higher HRU in trauma patients. The evidence can be used by policymakers and practitioners to improve patient outcomes in trauma centers.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound irradiation attenuates collagen degradation of articular cartilage in early osteoarthritis‐like model mice
Authors: Kojima Yoshitsugu , Watanabe Takayuki
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a combination of degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage due to mechanical stress, secondary synovitis, and bone remodelling. In recent years, early knee OA, a preliminary stage of structural failure in OA, has attracted attention as a potential target for therapy to prevent the onset of OA. Intra‐articular administration of monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) induces OA‐like symptoms, and low doses of MIA induce early OA like symptoms. In this experiment, a low‐dose of MIA was induced to early OA model mice, which were then irradiated with low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to examine whether LIPUS improves symptoms of early OA.

Methods

After 4 weeks of LIPUS irradiation, articular cartilage was observed at 1 and 4 weeks. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores were calculated using Safranin‐O staining results. Cartilage degeneration was detected using Denatured Collagen Detection Reagent (DCDR).

Results

We observed a significant decrease in OARSI scores in the LIPUS irradiated group at week 4. The non‐LIPUS group showed widespread areas of double positivity for Type II collagen and DCDR, whereas the LIPUS group showed only a small number of DCDR‐positive areas. In addition, macrophage numbers counted in the articular capsule at week 1 showed a significant decrease in the LIPUS irradiated group. Lubricin detection showed that lubricin positive cell number was significantly increased by LIPUS irradiation at week 4.

Conclusions

These results suggest that LIPUS attenuates cartilage degeneration in early OA by relieving inflammation and enhancing the inhibitory effect of lubricin on cartilage degeneration.
Research progress of multi-enzyme complexes based on the design of scaffold protein
Authors: Wang Xiangyi , Jiang Yi , Liu Hongling , Yuan Haibo , Huang Di , Wang Tengfei
Published: October 2023

Multi-enzyme complexes designed based on scaffold proteins are a current topic in molecular enzyme engineering. They have been gradually applied to increase the production of enzyme cascades, thereby achieving effective biosynthetic pathways. This paper reviews the recent progress in the design strategy and application of multi-enzyme complexes. First, the metabolic channels in the multi-enzyme complex have been introduced, and the construction strategies of the multi-enzyme complex emerging in recent years have been summarized. Then, the discovered enzyme cascades related to scaffold proteins are discussed, emphasizing on the influence of the linker on the fusion enzyme (fusion protein) and its possible mechanism. This review is expected to provide a more theoretical basis for the modification of multi-enzyme complexes and broaden their applications in synthetic biology.
Fuzzy logic applied to the diagnosis of technical conditions of distribution transformers
Authors: Gil Eduardo Sierra , Sivilla José Eduardo Montejo , González Amaury Sedano , Cabrera Yaíma Filiberto
Published: October 2023

The distribution transformers are one of the most important elements for the operation of the distribution networks, considering their quantity and dispersion in the network, and that the failures cause great economic losses, both from the point of view of the transformer itself and of the cost of the energy left to serve. The technical condition of the distribution transformers depends on multiple external factors that influence the loss of useful life of the same, and therefore, it is necessary to relate them for a correct diagnosis. In the present work, a method based on fuzzy logic is developed for the diagnosis of distribution transformers, considering the international regulations that govern its operation. The resulting procedure was implemented using the fuzzy toolbox of MATLAB programming tools version 9.8 (R2020a). A random sample of transformers in three distribution circuits was evaluated, and the results correspond to that established in the IEEE C57.91 standard of 2011.
Gender Differences in Daily Time Use: Trends and Educational Differentials
Authors: Park Hyunjoon
Published: October 2023

Using time-diary data collected in 1999, 2009, and 2019, this study documents changes over the last two decades in gender differences in time use for five major daily activities—housework, work outside the home, family care, leisure, and self-care, among Korean mothers and fathers with at least one child aged ten to eighteen. Given the rapid expansion of higher education among women, which outpaces the corresponding expansion among men, trends in gender disparities in daily time use provide a litmus test to evaluate progress toward gender equality. In assessing temporal changes in gender disparities in time use, particular attention is paid to potentially heterogeneous trends across mothers and fathers with different levels of education. The trends in both overall and education-specific time allocations reveal some evidence of progress toward more equal time use between mothers and fathers. However, even in 2019 Korean mothers spent much more time on housework but considerably less time on work outside the home. Moreover, the progress toward gender parity in time use has not been even across levels of education: it has been more evident among those with a bachelor’s degree or higher than their counterparts with lower levels of education.
Investigating the Potential of the Tree-ring δ18O Time Series of Pinus thunbergii in the Dendroarchaeological Study
Authors: Lee Jae-Ho , Jeong Hyun-Min , Sano Masaki , Seo Jeong-Wook
Published: October 2023

The main content of dendroarchaeology is to assign the exact calendar year to each tree ring in archaeological wood. Each tree ring can be assigned a year because the pattern of ring-width time series (hereafter, ring-width chronology) is unique for each time period and the same tree species share the pattern. However, the lack of agreement between ring-width chronologies of Pinus thunbergii compared to other tree species makes it difficult to use the chronologies for dating. This study was conducted to verify the dating possibility of archaeological woods using tree-ring δ18O time series (hereafter, tree-ring δ18O chronology) instead of ring-width chronology. For the study, 7 P. thunbergii were selected from coastal dunes, and the ring-width and tree-ring δ18O chronologies were compared. The results showed that the agreement between ring-width chronologies were large statistical deviations (t-value: 0.6~12.5 / G value: 38~70%) as much as difficult for dating. On the other hand, the tree-ring δ18O chronologies showed reliable agreement between them as statistically (t-value: 4.3~6.4 / G value: 77~84%) and visually. Based on the results, it has been verified that the dating possibility of archaeological woods for P. thunbergii, which is a difficult tree species for dating in dendrochronology, can be greatly improved if the tree-ring δ18O chronology is applied.
Η επίδραση της πολιτικής καταγγελιών στον εσωτερικό και τον εξωτερικό έλεγχο
Authors: Καγιάς Πασχάλης
Published: October 2023

Ο πρώτος σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η επέκταση της θεωρίας της ενδοεπιχειρησιακής απάτης για την καλύτερη κατανόηση του φαινομένου. Προς τούτο, αφενός παρέχεται εκτενής βιβλιογραφική μελέτη με τα πιο γνωστά μοντέλα στη θεωρία της απάτης και από την άλλη επεκτείνεται το «τρίγωνο της απάτης» που αποτελεί τη θεωρία με την μεγαλύτερη επιρροή στα Ελεγκτικά Πρότυπα, με την περίληψη σε αυτή των αναγκών που δημιουργούν κίνητρα για απάτη. Ο δεύτερος άξονας στον οποίο κινείται η παρούσα μελέτη είναι να προσδώσει στους Εσωτερικούς Ελεγκτές (Internal Auditors) και τους Ερευνητές Απάτης (Fraud Examiners) τις απαραίτητες μεθόδους στο πλαίσιο της πολιτικής καταγγελιών προκειμένου να ανταπεξέλθουν στο έργο τους. Δηλαδή, να προσδώσουν αξία στους Οργανισμούς μέσω της διασφάλισης των περιουσιακών στοιχείων και της διαχείρισης κινδύνων, περιλαμβανομένων των κινδύνων απάτης. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με τους εξής τρόπους: α) παρέχεται ένα θεωρητικό μοντέλο (το οποίο έχει αξιολογηθεί από ειδικούς που προέρχονται από τις περισσότερες χώρες της Ε.Ε.) αναφορικά με την ανάπτυξη της πολιτικής καταγγελιών βάσει του μοντέλου του Porter β) παρέχεται ένα μοντέλο ωριμότητας για την πολιτική καταγγελιών βάσει του οποίου οι Οργανισμοί έχουν τη δυνατότητα να αξιολογήσουν τη θέση στην οποία βρίσκονται με αντικειμενικά κριτήρια και να επιδιώξουν να βελτιώσουν την πολιτική καταγγελιών συστατικό προς συστατικό. Το ίδιο μοντέλο, επίσης, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί είτε για εσωτερική – διαχρονική αξιολόγηση (internal benchmarking) είτε για εξωτερική αξιολόγηση (external benchmarking), γ) το μοντέλο των «τριών γραμμών άμυνας» που αποτελεί ένα από τα πιο διαδεδομένα μοντέλα στον εσωτερικό έλεγχο βοηθάει στην ανάπτυξη ρόλων και αρμοδιοτήτων για κάθε επίπεδο ιεραρχίας όσον αφορά την πολιτική καταγγελιών.Ο τρίτος και τελευταίος άξονας είχε σαν σκοπό να διερευνήσει το εάν η πολιτική καταγγελιών μπορεί να αυξήσει την ποιότητα και του εξωτερικού ελέγχου, με την προϋπόθεση θεσμοθέτησης οι Ορκωτοί Ελεγκτές – Λογιστές να περιλαμβάνονται στους νόμιμους αποδέκτες καταγγελιών προκειμένου να τις εντάξουν στον έλεγχο τους, εφόσον, βέβαια, δεν εγείρονται απειλές στην ανεξαρτησία τους. Η ίδια μελέτη, επίσης, καταδεικνύει ότι οι Ορκωτοί Ελεγκτές – Λογιστές δείχνουν τέτοια πρόθεση.
Open science interventions proposed or implemented to assess researcher impact: a scoping review
Authors: Ghannad Mona , Armond Anna Catharina V. , Ng Jeremy Y. , Ayala Ana Patricia , Khan Hassan , Grossman Maura R. , Cormack Gordon V. , Pham Ba , Leeflang Mariska M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Khan Karim M. , Ardern Clare L. , Moher David
Published: October 2023

Background Several open science-promoting initiatives have been proposed to improve the quality of biomedical research, including initiatives for assessing researchers’ open science behaviour as criteria for promotion or tenure. Yet there is limited evidence to judge whether the interventions are effective. This review aimed to summarise the literature, identifying open science practices related to researcher assessment, and map the extent of evidence of existing interventions implemented to assess researchers and research impact. Methods A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. We included all study types that described any open science practice-promoting initiatives proposed or implemented to assess researchers and research impact, in health sciences, biomedicine, psychology, and economics. Data synthesis was quantitative and descriptive. Results Among 18,020 identified documents, 27 articles were selectedfor analysis. Most of the publications were in the field of health sciences (n = 10), and were indicated as research culture, perspective, commentary, essay, proceedings of a workshop, research article, world view, opinion, research note, editorial, report, and research policy articles (n = 22). The majority of studies proposed recommendations to address problems regarding threats to research rigour and reproducibility that were multi-modal (n = 20), targeting several open science practices. Some of the studies based their proposed recommendations on further evaluation or extension of previous initiatives. Most of the articles (n = 20) did not discuss implementation of their proposed intervention. Of the 27 included articles, 10 were cited in policy documents, with The Leiden Manifesto being the most cited (104 citations). Conclusion This review provides an overview of proposals to integrate open science into researcher assessment. The more promising ones need evaluation and, where appropriate, implementation. Study registration https://osf.io/ty9m7
Exploring the role of ChatGPT in rapid intervention text development
Authors: Bowers Hannah , Ochieng Cynthia , Bennett Sarah E , Denford Sarah , Johnston Milly , Yardley Lucy
Published: October 2023

Background There have been successful applications of AI to answering health-related questions, which suggests a potential role for AI in assisting with development of intervention text. This paper explores how ChatGPT might be used to support the rapid development of intervention text. Methods Three case studies are presented. In the first case study, ChatGPT (using GPT-4) was asked to generate sleep advice for adolescents. In case study two, ChatGPT (using GPT-3) was asked to optimise advice for people experiencing homelessness on staying hydrated in extreme heat. Case study three asked ChatGPT using GPT-3 and GPT-4 to optimise an information sheet for participation in a study developing an intervention for maternal blood pressure. Outputs were evaluated by the researchers who developed the text, and in case studies two and three were shown to public and patient contributors for feedback. Results ChatGPT was able to generate informative advice about sleep in case study one and was able to accurately summarise information in case studies two and three. In all three cases, elements or aspects were omitted that were included in the researcher-generated text that was based on behaviour change theory, evidence and input from public and patient contributors. However, in case study three, feedback from public contributors suggested ChatGPTs outputs were preferred to the original, although the outputs omitted information and were not at the requested accessible reading level. Conclusions ChatGPT was able to accurately generate and summarise health information. However, this information typically excluded core behaviour change techniques and was sometimes inappropriate for the target users. There is likely to be a valuable role for generative AI in the intervention development process, but this will need to be combined with detailed scrutiny and input from researchers and public contributors.
Exploring the potential of blockchain technology for citizen engagement in smart governance
Authors: Testi Niccolò , Marconi Rebecca , Pasher Edna
Published: October 2023

This review article explores the potential of blockchain technology (BCT) as a key enabler for fostering transparency, trust, and citizen engagement in smart governance within smart cities. By examining the benefits of BCT in various aspects of smart city systems, such as data security and privacy, the paper highlights the advantages of implementing consortium blockchain architecture and the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm and discusses the challenges of scalability and security concerns. Based on the literature showed in this article, we believe that the use of BCT in smart governance could significantly enhance citizen participation and help manage and deliver public services, paving the way for more effective decision-making processes and improved quality of life for citizens.
Noticing and analysing needs – supportive teaching – measuring student teachers’ situation – specific cognitive processing skills
Authors: Georg Kadi , Poom-Valickis Katrin
Published: October 2023

Selle uuringu eesmärk oli kohandada situatsioonispetsiifiliste ehk PID-oskuste (perception, interpretation, decision-making skills) hindamisvahend isemääramisteooria konteksti, et analüüsida õpetajakoolituse üliõpilaste suutlikkust märgata ja tõlgendada psühholoogilisi baasvajadusi toetavaid tegevusi klassiruumi kontekstis. Andmeid koguti aineõpetajate õpetajakoolituse magistriõpingute esimese aasta üliõpilastelt (N = 97), kasutades tunnivideote analüüsi. Uuringu tulemuste põhjal võib öelda, et üliõpilased märkavad tunnivideotest psühholoogiliste baasvajadustega seotud aspekte. Tõlgendamisel ning otsuste tegemisel olid üliõpilaste vastused pigem kas kirjeldavad või hinnangulised ega olnud seotud teoreetiliste teadmistega. Töökogemuse põhjal olulisi erinevusi tulemustes ei täheldatud. Kuigi õpetajakoolituse üliõpilaste puhul on tulemused ootuspärased, tuleks PID-oskuste arendamisele õpetajakoolituses senisest teadlikumalt tähelepanu pöörata, toetamaks paremini teoreetiliste teadmiste ülekannet praktikasse.
Summary
Teachers’ and students’ evaluations of the effectiveness of learning strategies: An overview of the results of Estonian schools
Authors: Granström Mikk , Kikas Eve
Published: October 2023

Uuringu eesmärk on teada saada, kuidas õpetajad (N = 659) ja õpilased (N = 4888) hindavad erinevate õpistrateegiate tõhusust. Varasemad väikese valimiga uuringud on näidanud, et õpetajate ja õpilaste teadlikkus tõhusatest ja mittetõhusatest õpistrateegiatest on erinev, seega on teemat oluline uurida põhjalikumalt suurema valimiga. 2021. aastal viidi läbi üle-eestiline Õpetajauurimus 2021 ning järgmisel aastal Õpilasuurimus 2022. Uuringu käigus paluti õpetajatel ja õpilastel hinnata erinevate õpistrateegiate tõhusust nelja õpistsenaariumi kontekstis. Tulemustest selgus, et põhikooliõpetajad hindavad sügavat õppimist toetavaid õpistrateegiaid kõrgemalt kui põhikooliõpilased, kuid gümnaasiumis õpetajate ja õpilaste hinnangute vahel erinevust ei ole. Nii põhikoolis kui gümnaasiumis hindavad õpetajad pindmist õppimist toetavaid õpistrateegiaid madalamalt kui õpilased. Mõningaid erinevusi leiti ka konkreetsete õpistrateegiate tõhususe hinnangutes. Õppeainetest ning õpetajate staažist ei sõltunud, kuidas õpetajad õpistrateegiate tõhusust hindavad. Kokkuvõttes selgus, et nii õpetajate kui ka õpilaste teadmised uuringus kasutatud õpistrateegiatest olid pigem head. Õpetajate puhul kinnitab see varasemalt leitut ning õpilaste puhul saadi teada, et ka nemad hindavad kõrgemalt sügavat õppimist toetavaid õpistrateegiaid.
Summary
Dimensions of mathematical competence and its assessment in basic school
Authors: Johanson Marje , Pedaste Margus , Baucal Aleksandar
Published: October 2023

Siinse uuringu eesmärgid on matemaatikapädevust hindavate testide arendamine, matemaatikapädevuse empiiriliselt eristatavate dimensioonide kirjeldamine ja matemaatikapädevuse hindamise tulemuste tutvustamine DigiEfekti projekti valimi näitel Eesti 3., 6. ja 9. klassides, tuginedes Rootsis välja töötatud matemaatikapädevuse uurimise raamistikule (MCRF, Lithner et al., 2010), mida täpsustati uurijate poolt Eesti kontekstis (Johanson et al., 2021). Uuringust selgus, et loodud testid on kõrge reliaablusega ning võimaldavad nii kolmandates, kuuendates kui ka üheksandates klassides eristada viit matemaatikapädevuse dimensiooni. Dimensioonide eristamiseks loodud faktormudeleid iseloomustavad head sobitusastme näitajad, kuid faktorite vahelised korrelatsioonid on suhteliselt tugevad. Vastavalt empiirilist kinnitust leidnud mudelitele osutusid kõigis vaadeldud koolistmetes kõige keerulisemateks ülesanneteks kommunikatsioonipädevust ja arutluspädevust hindavad ülesanded ning kõige paremini lahendati protseduurilist pädevust ja esituspädevust kirjeldavaid ülesandeid.
Summary
The role of probiotics in the treatment of depressive disorders. A critical review
Authors: Głaz Aneta , Knop-Chodyła Kinga , Kochanowska-Mazurek Anna , Wach Damian , Piasecka Zuzanna , Wesołek Ewelina , Kasztelan-Szczerbińska Beata , Skrzydło-Radomańska Barbara
Published: October 2023

Depressive disorders are a widespread problem in modern medicine. According to current data from the World Health Organisation, an estimated 280 million people worldwide suffer from depression. In recent years, there have been reports of a correlation between the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of depressive disorders and attempts to modify it through the use of psychobiotics.

The literature from the PubMed database published between 2018-2023 has been explored. 596 articles were selected based on the keywords "probiotics" and "depression". Six randomized clinical trials were finally included in the analysis.

As defined elsewhere, psychobiotics are probiotic bacteria which supplemented in adequate amounts, interact with the gut-brain axis and show beneficial effects on patients' mental health. Results from recent RCTs suggest that daily probiotic supplementation significantly reduces the severity of depression compared to placebo (p<0.05). Additionally, this effect may be enhanced by the combined use of a probiotic with a prebiotic. Furthermore, some researchers indicate that probiotics may lead to significant improvements in cognitive function in patients suffering from depressive disorders.

In conclusion, intestinal dysbiosis may be an important factor leading to the development of mental illness. Results of recent studies suggest that specific strains of probiotic bacteria may offer therapeutic benefits in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. However, further clinical studies are needed to objectively confirm the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the development of depression.
The influence of low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas on selected features of the pelvis and spine among 7-15-year-old youth of both sexes and environments
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the significant effect of low-progressive scoliosis and the location of its atlas on the values of selected features describing the pelvis and spine.
Material and Methods. The study was carried out in a group of 2,361 subjects aged 7 to 15 years, in 6 semiannual consecutive editions. This allowed to record 16,608 observations of 31 features describing posture by photogrammetric method.
Results. Three influential traits were selected for multiple regression analysis with selection of a subset of the optimal set of variables like the deviation of the spinous process to the left or right from the vertical and the location of the atlas of this deviation.
Conclusions. (1) The effect of low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas on selected features of the spine and pelvis is multidirectional and varied. (2) Left and right low-progressive scoliosis significantly and positively affects almost all features of the spine and pelvis. Significant negative influence is episodic. The features with a significant relationship are Delta angle, the length of lumbar lordosis and the angle of pelvic torsion to the left and right. (3) The low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas show significant and negative effects on the angle of thoracic kyphosis and the length and height of lumbar lordosis.
Peasant diary as a text of folklore?
Authors: Wilczyńska Elwira
Published: October 2023

The article attempts to answer the question of the genological status of peasant diaries. These texts were certainly being written from the beginning of the nineteenth century, but it is not impossible that peasants recorded their reflections earlier as well. The genre flourished in the post-war years, when organisers of numerous competitions encouraged the villagers to write their autobiographies, and lasted essentially until the late 1970s. The source material makes it possible to study the transformations that the texts themselves underwent over the period of a century, as well as the way their authors perceived reality and their own place in it.

Researchers of autobiographical records point to the formation of the beginnings of an individualistic attitude as a prerequisite for a person taking the trouble to record the events of their own life. Peasant diaries make it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in peasant consciousness: from a traditional society based on oral transmission to a (proto-)modern one, rooted in the culture of writing (print). The author poses the hypothesis that the origins of peasant diarism should be sought in oral folklore, as indicated by the formal similarity of the first records of this type to traditional folklore genres. Over time, however, diarism breaks away from its roots, turning into an expression of the authors’ individual traits and thus coming closer to literature.
Rewitalizacja dziecięcych gier i zabaw tradycyjnych Śląska Cieszyńskiego
Authors: Szalbot Magdalena
Published: October 2023

Artykuł stanowi sprawozdanie z badań diagnozujących stan zachowania dziecięcych gier i zabaw tradycyjnych we wspomnieniach najstarszych mieszkańców Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Rozpatrując je jako element niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego oraz wykorzystując wyniki badań, podjęto refleksję nad założeniami działań rewitalizacyjnych, które mają na celu podtrzymanie znajomości oraz wdrażanie – szczególnie najmłodszych – w praktykowanie niegdyś popularnych zachowań zabawowych wywodzących się z lokalnych tradycji kulturowych w sposób, który umożliwi przekazanie im wiedzy o dziedzictwie kulturowym regionu.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Delay of Diagnosis and Treatment: Outcomes in Pediatric malignant solid tumors
Authors: ÇAKMAKCI Selma , SARI Neriman , YAZAL ERDEM Arzu , ÖZYÖRÜK Derya , ÖZKAYA PARLAKAY Aslınur , İNCESOY ÖZDEMİR Sonay , ERGÜRHAN İLHAN İnci
Published: October 2023

Objective: Restriction of access to healthcare during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major problem for patients with cancer. Although childhood cancers are highly curable, it is obvious that diagnostic and treatment disruptions will lead to poor results. In our study, we investigated whether children with newly diagnosed cancer and under treatment were affected by the restrictions and the clinical course and outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during cancer treatment.
Materials and Methods: We applied a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions to parents. Data were collected from medical files of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during anticancer treatment.
Results: Thirty-five of the patients were newly diagnosed and 55 patients were on-going treatment. Since 13 (38%) of newly diagnosed patients visited the hospital late, cancer diagnosis was delayed. Treatment delay occurred in 9 (16%) of the patients whose receiving chemotherapy. Fifty-eight patients developed COVID-19 infection at different stages of their anticancer treatment. Almost all patients recovered from COVID-19 with mild symptoms.
Conclusion: While strict measures are required to control the pandemic, patients with severe critical illness such as cancer should be carefully evaluated and treatment delays that may have vital consequences should be avoided. In pediatric patients with cancer whom infected by COVID-19, continuation of anticancer treatment should be considered by evaluating the clinical status of the patient.
Complications and associated risk factors after surgical management of proximal femoral fractures
Authors: Walter Nike , Szymski Dominik , Kurtz Steven M. , Lowenberg David W. , Alt Volker , Lau Edmund C. , Rupp Markus
Published: October 2023

Aims

This work aimed at answering the following research questions: 1) What is the rate of mechanical complications, nonunion and infection for head/neck femoral fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures in the elderly USA population? and 2) Which factors influence adverse outcomes?

Methods

Proximal femoral fractures occurred between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were identified from the Medicare Physician Service Records Data Base. The Kaplan-Meier method with Fine and Gray sub-distribution adaptation was used to determine rates for nonunion, infection, and mechanical complications. Semiparametric Cox regression model was applied incorporating 23 measures as covariates to identify risk factors.

Results

Union failure occured in 0.89% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 0.95) after head/neck fracturs, in 0.92% (95% CI 0.84 to 1.01) after intertrochanteric fracture and in 1.99% (95% CI 1.69 to 2.33) after subtrochanteric fractures within 24 months. A fracture-related infection was more likely to occur after subtrochanteric fractures than after head/neck fractures (1.64% vs 1.59%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.01 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.17); p < 0.001) as well as after intertrochanteric fractures (1.64% vs 1.13%, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52); p < 0.001). Anticoagulant use, cerebrovascular disease, a concomitant fracture, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, open fracture, and rheumatoid disease was identified as risk factors. Mechanical complications after 24 months were most common after head/neck fractures with 3.52% (95% CI 3.41 to 3.64; currently at risk: 48,282).

Conclusion

The determination of complication rates for each fracture type can be useful for informed patient-clinician communication. Risk factors for complications could be identified for distinct proximal femur fractures in elderly patients, which are accessible for therapeutical treatment in the management.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(10):801–807.
How anti-gender and gendered imagery translate the Great Replacement conspiracy theory in online far-right platforms
Authors: Svatoňová Eva , Doerr Nicole
Published: October 2023

This article is based on a case study of online media practices of the Czech far-right group Angry Mothers, the biggest far-right Facebook group in the Czech political context in 2018. We show how the group used visual storytelling to translate the narratives of the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, which has become one of the most dominant narratives in European and US far-right discourses over recent years. The conspiracy theory was introduced in the book Le Grande Replacement by Renaud Camus in 2011 and claims that powerful Jewish elites use their financial resources to promote ‘Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual + (LGBTQIA+) and gender ideologies’ and multiculturalism to destroy the white race, which will eventually die out. Based on theories of translation and visual storytelling, we demonstrate how the main tropes of its anti-Semitic narrative were diffused through the use of images stigmatising LGBTQIA+ people and other minorities in online communications of the Czech far-right group Angry Mothers.
Off-axis imaging with off-axis parabolic mirrors
Authors: Liu Albert
Published: October 2023

Off-axis parabolic mirrors are commonly used to focus beams of light propagating along their optical axis. However, certain applications require the focusing of beams displaced from the optical axis. As this regime is less commonly encountered, we clarify certain unintuitive aspects of the imaging. These considerations have direct applications in implementing non-collinear optical geometries using a single parabolic mirror.
Reconstruction of degraded image transmitting through ocean turbulence via deep learning
Authors: Chen Yonghao , Liu Xiaoyun , Jiang Jinyang , Gao Siyu , Liu Ying , Jiang Yueqiu
Published: October 2023

When a laser carrying image information is transmitted in seawater, the presence of
ocean turbulence leads to significant degradation of the received
information due to the effect of interference. To address this issue,
we propose a deep-learning-based method to retrieve the original
information from a degraded pattern. To simulate the propagation of
laser beams in ocean turbulence, a model of an ocean turbulence phase
screen based on the power spectrum inversion method is used. The
degraded images with different turbulence conditions are produced
based on the model. A Pix2Pix network architecture is built to acquire
the original image information. The results indicate that the network
can realize high-fidelity image recovery under various turbulence
conditions based on the degraded patterns. However, as turbulence
strength and transmission distance increase, the reconstruction
accuracy of the Pix2Pix network decreases. To further improve the
image reconstruction ability of neural network architectures, we
established three networks (U-Net, Pix2Pix, and Deep-Pix2Pix) and
compared their performance in retrieving the degraded patterns.
Overall, the Pix2Pix network showed the best performance for image
reconstruction.
Investigation of noise correlations in the phase-locked class-A VECSEL array
Authors: Karuseichyk Sopfy , Pal Vishwa , Sahoo Sahil , Beaudoin Grégoire , Sagnes Isabelle , Bretenaker Fabien
Published: October 2023

We theoretically and experimentally study the noise correlations in an array of lasers based on a VECSEL (Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) architecture. The array of two or three lasers is created inside a planar degenerate cavity with a mask placed in a self-imaging position. Injection from each laser to its neighbors is created by diffraction, which creates a controllable complex coupling coefficient. The noise correlations between the different modes are observed to be dramatically different when the lasers are phase-locked or unlocked. These results are well explained by a rate equation model that takes into account the class-A dynamics of the lasers. This model permits the isolatation of the influence of the complex coupling coefficients and of the Henry α-factor on the noise behavior of the laser array.
Wavy water-to-air optical camera communication system using rolling shutter image sensor and long short term memory neural network
Authors: Tsai Shang-Yen , Chang Yun-Han , Chow Chi-Wai
Published: October 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time up to the authors’ knowledge a wide field-of-view (FOV) water-to-air optical transmission using rolling-shutter (RS) based optical camera communication (OCC). Here, we evaluate the proposed OCC system without water ripple and with different percentage increases of water ripple. Long short term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) is utilized to mitigate the wavy water turbulence induced link outage and to decode 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) RS pattern by meeting the pre-forward error correction bit-error-rate (pre-FEC BER = 3.8 × 10−3). We also evaluate the FOVs of the proposed water-to-air RS-based OCC system. This can be implemented by using different angular rotations of the camera. Experimental results show that the proposed OCC system can support ±70°, ± 30°, and ±30° rotations around the z-, y- and x-directions, respectively when operated at 6 kbit/s and decoded using LSTM-NN.
Slow-wave-enhanced on-chip Michelson interferometer sensor
Authors: Shen Jianhao , Donnelly Daniel , Chakravarty Swapnajit
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrated slow-wave-enhanced phase and spectral sensitivity in asymmetric Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors. Compared to Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI) that experimentally demonstrated a phase sensitivity of 84,000 rad/RIU-cm, the reflected path enhancement of the optical path length coupled with slow light enhancement with photonic crystal waveguides in on-chip slow light Michelson interferometer sensors resulted in experimentally demonstrated phase sensitivity of 277,750 rad/RIU-cm with theoretical phase sensitivity as high as 461,810 rad/RIU-cm, at the same form factor as the MZI of identical interferometer arm lengths.
Generation of spatiotemporal vortices in nonlinear photonic crystals
Authors: Liu Shiqiang , Zhang Xinyu , Chen Haiwei , Xie Haotian , Yang Shaoguang , Zhu Shining , Hu Xiaopeng
Published: October 2023

Spatiotemporal vortices (STOVs) are a new, to the best of our knowledge, type of structured light in which the optical phase circulates in space–time. In this work, we propose to generate STOVs via second harmonic generation in lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystals (NPCs) with a linearly chirped Gaussian pulse as the fundamental wave. The structural function of the NPC is derived by the inverse design method. Numerical simulations of the intensity and phase profiles of the generated second harmonic waves are performed with both the amplitude-phase-modulated and the simplified binary-phase-modulated NPCs. We anticipate our study will be valuable for the experimental generation and manipulation of STOVs in NPCs.
Efficient femtosecond optical parametric generation in group-velocity-matched MgO:PPLN at 10 MHz
Authors: Sukeert  , Pizzurro S. , Esteban-Martín A. , Gotti R. , Carrà L. , Piccinno G. , Agnesi A. , Pirzio F. , Kumar S. Chaitanya , Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Published: October 2023

We report on efficient single-pass optical parametric generation (OPG) of broadband femtosecond pulses in the mid-infrared at 10 MHz by exploiting group-velocity-matched interaction in a 42-mm-long MgO:PPLN crystal. Using a microchip-started femtosecond amplified Mamyshev oscillator at 1064 nm as the pump, the OPG source can provide tunable femtosecond pulses across 1516–1566 nm in the signal and 3318–3568 nm in the idler, with slope efficiencies of ∼93% and ∼41%, respectively. For 650 mW of average input pump power, signal powers of up to 283 mW at 1524 nm are generated, with more than 200 mW over the entire tuning range. Idler average powers of up to 104 mW at 3450 nm, with more than 80 mW across the full range, are also obtained. For input pump pulses of ∼182 fs, the generated signal pulses have a duration of ∼460 fs at 1516 nm. The idler pulses have a typical bandwidth of ≥100 nm over the entire tuning range, and as wide as 181 nm at 3457 nm. The OPG source exhibits excellent passive power stability, better than 0.5% rms in the signal and 0.6% rms in the idler, over 1 h, both in Gaussian TEM00 spatial profile with M2 < 1.5.
Measurement of the 5S1/2 to 5D5/2 two-photon clock transition frequency of rubidium-85 in high vacuum
Authors: Chu Chi-Hsiang , Chang Po-Cheng , Shih Yu-Jhe , Luh Dah-An , Chang Ming-Shien , Liu Tze-Wei , Lin Yi-Ting , Chen Bo-Wei , Cheng Wang-Yau
Published: October 2023

We present a scheme to precisely resolve the unperturbed line shape of an optical rubidium clock transition in a high vacuum, by which we avoided the systematic errors of “collision shift” and “modulation shift.” The spectral resolution resolved by this scheme is significantly improved such that we can use “Zeeman broadening” to inspect the stray magnetic field, through which we were able to compensate the magnetic field inside the Rb cells to be below 10
−
3 Gauss. We thus update the absolute frequency of the clock transition and propose a standard operation procedure (SOP) for the clock self-calibration.
Fully integrated on-chip FBG interrogator for high-accuracy measurement of wavelengths
Authors: Chen Zhehan , Zhuang Yuan , Meng Leixin , Zhang Jiahe , Ge Mingfeng , Yang Qing , Wang Liqiang , Dong Wen-Fei
Published: October 2023

We present the design and fabrication of an on-chip FBG interrogator based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) technology. The spectral overlap between adjacent channels in the integrated AWG is significantly enhanced through a combination approach involving the reduction of the output waveguide spacing and an increase in the input waveguide width. As a result of these design choices, our AWG demonstrates excellent spectral consistency, with spectral cross talk exceeding 30 dB. The interrogator seamlessly combining optical and circuitry components achieves full integration and enables a wide range of interrogation wavelengths, including C-band and L-band. With an interrogation range extending up to 80 nm, it theoretically has the capacity to simultaneously interrogate the wavelengths of 20 FBG sensors. Experimental findings demonstrate an absolute interrogation accuracy of less than 2 pm for the fully integrated interrogator. With its compact size, cost-effectiveness, exceptional precision, and ease of integration, the proposed interrogator holds a substantial promise for widespread application in the realm of FBG sensing.
Computationally-driven discovery of second harmonic generation in EuBa3(B3O6)3 through inversion symmetry breaking
Authors: He Jingyang , Alaerts Louis , Wang Yu , Trinquet Victor , Yoshida Suguru , Yennawar Hemant , Sanni Victor , Claes Romain , Katzbaer Rowan , Krysko Evan , Sarker Saugata , Schaak Raymond E. , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Hautier Geoffroy , Mao Zhiqiang , Gopalan Venkatraman
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with superior properties are significant for advancing laser technologies and applications. Introducing rare earth metals to borates is a promising and effective way to modify the electronic structure of a crystal to improve its optical properties in the visible and ultraviolet range. In this work, we computationally discover inversion symmetry breaking in EuBa3(B3O6)3, which was previously identified as centric, and demonstrate noncentrosymmetry via synthesizing single crystals for the first time by the floating zone method. We determine the correct space group to be P6¯. The material has a large direct bandgap of 5.56 eV and is transparent down to 250 nm. The complete anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties were also investigated with a d11 of ∼0.52 pm/V for optical second harmonic generation. Further, it is Type I and Type II phase matchable. This work suggests that rare earth metal borates are an excellent crystal family for exploring future deep ultraviolet (DUV) NLO crystals. It also highlights how first principles computations combined with experiments can be used to identify noncentrosymmetric materials that have been wrongly assigned to be centrosymmetric.
Tissue Forge: Interactive biological and biophysics simulation environment
Authors: Sego T. J. , Sluka James P. , Sauro Herbert M. , Glazier James A.
Published: October 2023

Tissue Forge is an open-source interactive environment for particle-based physics, chemistry and biology modeling and simulation. Tissue Forge allows users to create, simulate and explore models and virtual experiments based on soft condensed matter physics at multiple scales, from the molecular to the multicellular, using a simple, consistent interface. While Tissue Forge is designed to simplify solving problems in complex subcellular, cellular and tissue biophysics, it supports applications ranging from classic molecular dynamics to agent-based multicellular systems with dynamic populations. Tissue Forge users can build and interact with models and simulations in real-time and change simulation details during execution, or execute simulations off-screen and/or remotely in high-performance computing environments. Tissue Forge provides a growing library of built-in model components along with support for user-specified models during the development and application of custom, agent-based models. Tissue Forge includes an extensive Python API for model and simulation specification via Python scripts, an IPython console and a Jupyter Notebook, as well as C and C++ APIs for integrated applications with other software tools. Tissue Forge supports installations on 64-bit Windows, Linux and MacOS systems and is available for local installation via conda.
The role of leptomeningeal collaterals in redistributing blood flow during stroke
Authors: Epp Robert , Glück Chaim , Binder Nadine Felizitas , El Amki Mohamad , Weber Bruno , Wegener Susanne , Jenny Patrick , Schmid Franca
Published: October 2023

Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) connect the main cerebral arteries and provide alternative pathways for blood flow during ischaemic stroke. This is beneficial for reducing infarct size and reperfusion success after treatment. However, a better understanding of how LMCs affect blood flow distribution is indispensable to improve therapeutic strategies. Here, we present a novel in silico approach that incorporates case-specific in vivo data into a computational model to simulate blood flow in large semi-realistic microvascular networks from two different mouse strains, characterised by having many and almost no LMCs between middle and anterior cerebral artery (MCA, ACA) territories. This framework is unique because our simulations are directly aligned with in vivo data. Moreover, it allows us to analyse perfusion characteristics quantitatively across all vessel types and for networks with no, few and many LMCs. We show that the occlusion of the MCA directly caused a redistribution of blood that was characterised by increased flow in LMCs. Interestingly, the improved perfusion of MCA-sided microvessels after dilating LMCs came at the cost of a reduced blood supply in other brain areas. This effect was enhanced in regions close to the watershed line and when the number of LMCs was increased. Additional dilations of surface and penetrating arteries after stroke improved perfusion across the entire vasculature and partially recovered flow in the obstructed region, especially in networks with many LMCs, which further underlines the role of LMCs during stroke.