bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESPON PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR TIRANUS WAMENA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SEDERHANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS III
Authors: Paling Sepling , Luturmas Thomas
Published: January 2025

This research is a qualitative descriptive study regarding students' responses to the use of simple media in class III mathematics learning at SD Tyrannus Wamena. Because many problems were identified, the researcher focused on the problem to be investigated, namely the response of elementary school students to simple media in the form of small rocks that were easy to find around the students. The aim of this research is to present students' responses to the use of small rocks as a simple medium in class III mathematics lessons on addition. The type of method in this research is qualitative descriptive research in the form of participant classroom action research through several learning cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely; planning, implementation, observation, and evaluation/reflection. In Cycle I, the average total score of 35 student responses to 10 statements was 3.18, and the percentage meeting the agreement requirements was 79.5. Overall, it can be said that students agree with the statement regarding the use of simple media during learning. In Cycle II, the average overall score of 35 students' answers to 10 statements was 3.56, and the qualifying percentage of "strongly agree" was 88.9. Overall it can be said that students strongly agree with the statement regarding the use of simple media in learning mathematics.
INTERNET USAGE AMONG ENGLISH DEPARTMENT PUPILS AND LECTURERS IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT STKIP KRISTEN WAMENA
Authors: Lawalata Reiner JHG
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The internet has been utilized across various fields, including English education. It offers both benefits and drawbacks. With improved internet coverage in many places, students and teachers can effectively leverage it for studying. However, in Wamena, Papua Mountains, poor internet connectivity poses challenges for English learning. Thus, this research aims to examine how students and teachers at STKIP Kristen Wamena use the internet for English education. The study utilizes qualitative methods and interviews as the primary instrument. Ultimately, the findings will shed light on the current state of English education in Wamena.
Keywords: Internet, English Learning, STKIP Kristen Wamena,  Papua Mountains
 
ABSTRAK
Internet sudah digunakan sejak lama disegalah bidang termasuk dunia pendidikan bahasa Inggris. faktanya internet ini memberi keuntungan dan kerugian dalam menggunakannya. Seiring berjalannya waktu, banyak tempat tempat yang sudah terjangkau jaringan internet dengan baik sehingga siswa dan guru dapat mengaksesnya untuk belajar. Namun, hal ini berbanding terbalik dengan keadaan di Wamena, Papua Pegunungan, dimana jaringan internet sangatlah buruk, sehingga guru dan siswa di sekolah sekolah tertentu mengalami kesulitan didalam belajar Bahasa Inggris. Sehingga, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengecek dan memperlihatkan bagaimana siswa dan dosen di salah satu sekolah, yaitu di STKIP Kristen Wamena, menggunakan internet, mulai dari aplikasi sampai penggunaan dikelas. Dan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan interview adalah sebagai instrumennya. akhirnya hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi gambaran bagaimana keadaan yang terjadi didunia pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Wamena.
Kata Kunci: Internet, Belajar Bahasa Inggris, STKIP Kristen Wamena, Papua Pegunungan
ANALYZING THE COMMON MISTAKES HIGH SCHOOLERS MAKE WHEN USING THE SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSES
Authors: Lawalata Reiner JHG
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Learning English can be challenging due to the 16 tenses in English grammar, which describe events happening at different times. The most important tenses for English students to grasp are the simple present tense, which describes facts and recurring events, and the present continuous tense, which describes ongoing events. English is taught from elementary school to university level. The Community Service (PKM) aims to reinforce and expand students' knowledge of English, particularly focusing on the simple present tense and present continuous tense. Various teaching methods are employed in this learning process. This research serves to help teachers, students, future researchers, and anyone interested in teaching these tenses to identify common mistakes made by high school students. The research is based on students' work during PKM sessions at GKI Lachai Roi Hom-Hom Wamena, Papua Mountains, and the findings were analyzed qualitatively, supported by Ellis' error theory analysis method (2003). The research identified common mistakes in the use of the simple present and present continuous tense that need to be addressed by English students and teachers.
 
Keywords: Simple present, Present continuous, Community service
 
ABSTRAK
Mempelajari bahasa Inggris tidakalah mudah. Terdapat 16 tense didalam tata bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan tentang kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu-waktu yang berbeda. Tense yang paling umum dan yang paling penting di ketahui seorang pelajar bahasa Inggris adalah simple present tense; yang menjelaskan tentang suatu fakta dan kejadian yang berulang terjadi, dan Present continuous; yang menjelaskan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung. Bahasa Inggris sudah diajarkan mulai dari tingkat sekolah dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Pengabdian ke Masyarakat (PKM) bertujuan untuk memperkuat dan mengeksplor pengatahuan bahasa Inggris yang sudah diketahui sekolah, terutama pengetahuan akan simple present tense dan present continuous tense. Dan didalam pembelajaran, digunakan beberapa metode pembelajaran yang berbeda. Juga, penelitian ini membantu guru, siswa, peneliti dimasa depan, dan siapa saja yang ingin mengajarkan kedua tense ini, agar melihat setiap kesalahan kesalahan umum yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa SMA. Penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil pekerjaan siswa selama belajar di PKM setiap minggu di GKI Lachai Roi Hom-Hom Wamena, Papua Pegunungan. Hasil penelitian ini diproses dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan didukung metode teori kesalahan anilisis oleh Ellis (2003). Didalam penemuan penelitian ini ditemukan beberapa kesalahan umum yang dilakukan dalam penggunaan simple present dan present continuous tense yang perlu dipertahikan oleh siswa dan guru bahasa Inggris.
 
Kata Kunci: Simple present, Present continuous, Pengabdian ke Masyarakat (PKM)
Transformasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi: Literasi Digital, Self-Efficacy, dan Persepsi Teknologi Sebagai Kunci Utama
Authors: Suparyono Elisabet Ida , Paling Sepling
Published: January 2025

This study explores the relationship between digital literacy, self-efficacy, and technology perception in supporting the transformation of technology-based learning. Using a library research method, this study identifies that digital literacy serves as a foundation, self-efficacy as a driver of motivation, and technology perception as a catalyst for adapting to technology. The results reveal that these three elements are interconnected, where low digital literacy increases cognitive load, low self-efficacy hinders participation, and negative technology perception exacerbates barriers to technology adoption in learning. This study offers theoretical and practical contributions to developing technology-based learning strategies that are more inclusive and adaptive. However, the limitation of this study as a library research opens opportunities for further studies involving empirical data to test these findings in broader contexts. Thus, this study provides essential guidance for educational institutions in addressing learning challenges in the digital era.
The Challenges Faced by Papuan Undergraduate Students in Enhancing Speaking Skills
Authors: Romrome Abel Yohanis
Published: January 2025

This article explored the challenges faced by Papuan undergraduate students in improving their speaking skills in English. Speaking skills are vital for academic success and future career opportunities, yet many students in Papua encounter significant difficulties in mastering this area of language proficiency. This study identified key factors contributing to these challenges, including limited exposure to English outside the classroom, lack of confidence, inadequate teaching methodologies, and socio-cultural factors. Through interviews and surveys conducted with 8 students from 2 universities in Timika Papua, the study provides insights into these challenges and suggests potential solutions to enhance the speaking skills of Papuan students.
Reseña de "El amanecer de todo" de D. Graeber y D. Wengrow
Authors: Pruñonosa Reverter José Vicente
Published: January 2025

"El amanecer de todo", un texto que representa un saludable cambio de perspectiva y muestra  como la antropología debe conciliar la búsqueda de la objetividad con la renovación constante y crítica de sus interpretaciones
Use of AI applications in providing free legal assistance to citizens of BiH
Authors: Agić Admir , Jefić Boško
Published: January 2025

This article explores the integration of advanced AI technologies, including Python, Gradio, Langchain and Vector database to develop an innovative AI chatbot for legal assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Leveraging cutting-edge models such as Mixtral8x7B and NVIDIA AI endpoints, the chatbot demonstrates enhanced conversational abilities, real-time recommendations, and efficient processing of Bosnian language inputs. Through meticulous tuning and optimization, the system achieves unparalleled accuracy in capturing semantic relationships and delivers contextually relevant responses. Challenges in language processing, ethical considerations, and privacy concerns are addressed through collaborative efforts and proactive measures. The study highlights the significance of technological advancements in AI for bridging language barriers, promoting social inclusion, and ensuring equitable access to legal assistance.
Improving Trust in Information Sources: Serbian Wikipedia Use Case
Authors: Dudić Dragana , Ratković Nebojša , Firaunović Ivana , Krčadinac Olja
Published: January 2025

For almost two decades, Wikimedia Serbia has active collaboration with educational institutions in Serbia, promoting Wikipedia to young people, training and encouraging them to create and edit Wikipedia with special focus on Wikipedia trust concepts as the important factor of every information source. This paper presents our findings on the current level of students’ understanding of trust mechanisms in information sources and examines the impact of conducted targeted educational intervention on this domain. This study was conducted as part of the collaboration between Wikimedia Serbia, the Faculty of Computer Science and Informatics at Union Nikola Tesla University, and Šabac Grammar School. We used structured questionnaires to determine the initial state of trust mechanisms awareness in students. After analyzing the obtained results, we organized instructional session which included comprehensive lectures on Wikipedia, its structure, rules and its editing process. Afterwords, students selected Wikipedia-related assignments aligned with their course interests. The follow-up questionnaire revealed great improvement in correct referencing and licensing usage, in both educational institutions emphasizing the importance of proper referencing and licensing as trust mechanism and its influence in digital literacy in general.
Traffic Regulation Using Advanced Internet Technologies Based on Blockchain
Authors: Pavlović Zoran G. , Radičević Veljko , Subotić Marko , Talevski Nikolče , Belancan Zlatko
Published: January 2025

Today, a large number of citizens have to use public transport as well as their own, in order to go to work, to complete business obligations in different parts of the city or to use them during vacation or recreation. The above implies an organized traffic system that implies the functioning of all entities that directly or indirectly participate in the implementation. A large number of means of public transport, private cars, motorcycles, scooters and cyclists can at a certain moment create congestion that certainly disrupts daily traffic flows. When unplanned actions take place, there is a danger that for a certain period of time there will be a stoppage and even an interruption of traffic on a certain section of the road. Such situations cause nervousness among drivers, decrease concentration and unintentionally cause traffic accidents. The main goal of this paper is to present a model of electronic business that includes remote regulation of traffic from the dispatch centre, available horizontal and vertical signalling using blockchain technology. Innovative blockchain technology is currently the best protection mechanism for digital processes that take place in wired and wireless networks. In addition to the above, the protection system includes the storage, memorization and forwarding of a large amount of information, which, through later analysis, can represent the starting point for planning future models. Traffic regulation based on advanced Internet technologies certainly increases the throughput of major intersections as well as primary roads that are important for fire engines, police and emergency services.
Application of Fuel Cell and Green Hydrogen Technology in Buses for Public Urban Transport Passengers
Authors: Mišanović Slobodan
Published: January 2025

The system of public urban passenger transport is one of the most important functions of any city. The bus subsystem is still the most prevalent in most cities of the world. In addition to the proven advantages in use, the main demands placed on the bus subsystem are environmental suitability and neutrality, through the increasing use of buses with zero and low emission of harmful exhaust gases. Fuel cell-powered buses using green hydrogen are currently a technology with great potential with the goal of completely decarbonizing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions originating from the bus subsystem. The paper will present the basic characteristics of fuel cell buses, legal frameworks for application in the countries of the European Union, and experiences in the application of this drive concept in some cities.
Urban Road Safety in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Drašković Danislav , Petrović Tomislav , Živković Filip
Published: January 2025

Advantages of traffic have been known since the first day of traffic development. However, as society evolved so did the traffic and road safety consequently developed. In this way, the negative effects that traffic has on the society, where traffic accidents and their consequences have a leading negative effect, has started to be notices. This is also shown by the fact that an average of 1.35 million people is killed in traffic accidents a year worldwide. However, the development of the society introduces us to the new traffic consequences, such as: air and environment pollution, increased levels of ambient sounds, physical inactivity and the development of numerous diseases (cardio-vascular, respiratory, diabetes) and the onset of mental illness. Namely, it has been estimated that more than two hundred thousand people prematurely died since the beginning of this century because of air pollution and environmental hazards – traffic is largely contributing to CO2 emissions. In this regard, the issues of urban road safety is being given increasing importance today, namely the reduce use of privet passenger cars and the increasing efforts to create space for vulnerable road users. The subject of this paper is the analysis of urban road traffic safety on the territory of 20 selected local governments of the Republic of Serbia. In addition to the basic demographic characteristics of the selected local governments, the paper will present the results of a questionnaire conducted on citizens’ attitudes about urban traffic safety. Although the majority of residents choose walking as the main transport mode, they believe that it is necessary to improve the infrastructure offer for active transport modes, which would significantly contribute to the development of pedestrian and bicycle traffic. A significant number of respondents exceed the speed while driving a motor vehicle, although they show that they are aware of the risks that speeding leads to, especially with regard to vulnerable road users.
El destierro y la pérdida en las cartas de Jorge Guillén a su hija TeresaEl destierro y la pérdida en las cartas de Jorge Guillén a su hija Teresa
Authors: Martínez Illán Antonio
Published: January 2025

Cartas a Teresa de Jorge Guillén es un epistolario inédito formado por más de 1000 cartas que el poeta de la generación del 27 escribió a su hija entre 1948 y 1984. Este artículo estudia la relación que la voz epistolar que se encuentra en ellas establece entre la pérdida, el exilio y la vocación poética. Para comprender la significación de estas cartas se profundiza primero en dos rasgos que definen este epistolario. Primero, dentro del género epistolar se aborda el pacto que estas cartas establecen –estamos ante cartas de un padre a una hija–. Segundo, las cartas de Guillén a Teresa se entienden mejor si se conoce a la destinataria, Teresa Guillén (1922-2019), y su labor a favor del hispanismo en los Estados Unidos. Luego se analiza cómo la voz epistolar reflexiona sobre el vínculo entre la pérdida, el exilio y la vocación poética. Las cartas permiten conocer las refl exiones de Guillén a su hija sobre el exilio y su relación con la poesía desde una perspectiva íntima. Estas confi dencias se comparan con las ideas de Américo Castro y de María Zambrano sobre el exilio.
Franco Ferrarotti and the Challenges of the Social Research - Exploring the Dimensions and Definitions of Research in Social Sciences in Addressing Major Quests on the Individual and Society
Authors: Musaraj Arta
Published: January 2025

The paper analyses the role and impact of Franco Ferrarotti in defining the nature, boundaries and methods of modern sociology. Considered as the “founder of the Italian sociology”, Ferrarotti definitively represented a strong contributor in shaping the definition, methodology and practices of the modern sociology, a science capable to understand, address and forecast today’s global societies challenges and dialectics. The discussion on the role of scientific research in the social development of todays and tomorrow’s humanity, the attention that must be given on the duality between knowledge and conscience as a marker of this development, is a rare inherence Ferrarotti left to all researchers of our times who deal with the individual and its behavior, its social interactions, the world they create and the future orientation of mankind.
Expanding Automated Multiconformer Ligand Modeling to Macrocycles and Fragments
Authors: Flowers Jessica , Echols Nathaniel , Correy Galen , Jaishankar Priya , Togo Takaya , Renslo Adam R , van den Bedem Henry , Fraser James S , Wankowicz Stephanie A
Published: January 2025

Small molecule ligands exhibit a diverse range of conformations in solution. Upon binding to a target protein, this conformational diversity is generally reduced. However, ligands can retain some degree of conformational flexibility even when bound to a receptor. In the Protein Data Bank (PDB), a small number of ligands have been modeled with distinct alternative conformations that are supported by X-ray crystallography density maps. However, the vast majority of structural models are fit to a single ligand conformation, potentially ignoring the underlying conformational heterogeneity present in the sample. We previously developed qFit-ligand to sample diverse ligand conformations and to select a parsimonious ensemble consistent with the density. While this approach indicated that many ligands populate alternative conformations, limitations in our sampling procedures often resulted in non-physical conformations and could not model complex ligands like macrocycles. Here, we introduce several improvements to qFit-ligand, including the use of routines within RDKit for stochastic conformational sampling. This new sampling method greatly enriches low energy conformations of small molecules and macrocycles. We further extended qFit-ligand to identify alternative conformations in PanDDA-modified density maps from high throughput X-ray fragment screening experiments. The new version of qFit-ligand improves fit to electron density and reduces torsional strain relative to deposited single conformer models and our previous version of qFit-ligand. These advances enhance the analysis of residual conformational heterogeneity present in ligand-bound structures, which can provide important insights for the rational design of therapeutic agents.
Intraflagellar transport protein IFT172 contains a C-terminal ubiquitin-binding U-box-like domain involved in ciliary signaling
Authors: Zacharia Nevin K , Kuhns Stefanie , Boegholm Niels , Christensen Anni , Wang Jiaolong , Petriman Narcis A , Lorentzen Anna , Fialova Jindriska L , Menguy Lucie , Saunier Sophie , Christensen Soren T , Andersen Jens S , Bhogaraju Sagar , Lorentzen Esben
Published: January 2025

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a fundamental process driving ciliogenesis in most eukaryotic organisms. IFT172, the largest protein of the IFT complex, plays a crucial role in cilium formation and is associated with several disease variants causing ciliopathies. While IFT172 is tethered to the IFT-B complex via its N-terminal domains, the function of its C-terminal domains has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the C-terminal part of IFT172 interacts with IFT-A complex subunits, providing a molecular basis for the role of IFT172 in bridging IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. We determine the crystal structure of the C-terminal part of IFT172, uncovering a conserved U-box-like domain often found in E3 ubiquitin ligases. This domain exhibits ubiquitin-binding properties and auto-ubiquitination activity. The IFT172 auto-ubiquitination activity is reduced in the C1727R patient ciliopathy variant. We use CRISPR-engineered RPE-1 cells to demonstrate that the U-box-like domain is essential for IFT172 protein stability and proper cilium formation. Notably, RPE-1 cells with heterozygous deletion of the U-box domain show altered TGFB signaling responses, particularly in SMAD2 phosphorylation levels and AKT activation. Our findings suggest a novel dual role for IFT172 in both structural support within IFT trains and regulation of ciliary ubiquitination and signaling pathways, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying IFT172-related ciliopathies.
Large inversions in Lake Malawi cichlids are associated with habitat preference, lineage, and sex determination
Authors: Kumar Nikesh M , Cooper Taylor L , Kocher Thomas D , Streelman J Todd , McGrath Patrick T
Published: January 2025

Chromosomal inversions are an important class of genetic variation that link multiple alleles together into a single inherited block that can have important effects on fitness. To study the role of large inversions in the massive evolutionary radiation of Lake Malawi cichlids, we used long-read technologies to identify four single and two tandem inversions that span half of each respective chromosome, and which together encompass over 10% of the genome. Each inversion is fixed in one of the two states within the seven major ecogroups, suggesting they played a role in the separation of the major lake lineages into specific lake habitats. One exception is within the benthic sub-radiation, where both inverted and non-inverted alleles continue to segregate within the group. The evolutionary histories of three of the six inversions suggest they transferred from the pelagic Diplotaxodon group into benthic ancestors at the time the benthic sub-radiation was seeded. The remaining three inversions are found in a subset of benthic species living in deep waters. We show that some of these inversions are used as XY sex-determination systems but are also likely limited to a subset of total lake species. Our work suggests that inversions have been under both sexual and natural selection in Lake Malawi cichlids and that they will be important to understanding how this adaptive radiation evolved.
Cortical dynamics in hand/forelimb S1 and M1 evoked by brief photostimulation of the mouse’s hand
Authors: Novo Daniela Piña , Gao Mang , Yu Jianing , Barrett John M , Shepherd Gordon MG
Published: January 2025

Spiking activity along synaptic circuits linking primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) areas is fundamental for sensorimotor integration in cortex. Circuits along the ascending somatosensory pathway through mouse hand/forelimb S1 and M1 were recently described in detail (Yamawaki et al., 2021). Here, we characterize the peripherally evoked spiking dynamics in these two cortical areas in the same system. Brief (5 ms) optogenetic photostimulation of the hand generated short (∼25 ms) barrages of activity first in S1 (onset latency 15 ms) then M1 (10 ms later). The estimated propagation speed was 20-fold faster from hand to S1 than from S1 to M1. Response amplitudes in M1 were strongly attenuated to approximately a third of those in S1. Responses were typically triphasic, with suppression and rebound following the initial peak. Parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory interneurons were involved in each phase, accounting for three-quarters of the initial spikes generated in S1, and their selective photostimulation sufficed to evoke suppression and rebound in both S1 and M1. Partial silencing of S1 by PV activation during hand stimulation reduced the M1 sensory responses. These results provide quantitative measures of spiking dynamics of cortical activity along the hand/forelimb-related transcortical loop; demonstrate a prominent and mechanistic role for PV neurons in each phase of the response; and, support a conceptual model in which somatosensory signals reach S1 via high-speed subcortical circuits to generate characteristic barrages of cortical activity, then reach M1 via densely polysynaptic corticocortical circuits to generate a similar but delayed and attenuated profile of activity.
Event boundaries drive norepinephrine release and distinctive neural representations of space in the rodent hippocampus
Authors: McKenzie Sam , Sommer Alexandra L , Donaldson Tia N , Pimentel Infania , Kakani Meenakshi , Choi Irene Jungyeon , Newman Ehren L , English Daniel F
Published: January 2025

Episodic memories are temporally segmented around event boundaries that tend to coincide with moments of environmental change. During these times, the state of the brain should change rapidly, or reset, to ensure that the information encountered before and after an event boundary is encoded in different neuronal populations. Norepinephrine (NE) is thought to facilitate this network reorganization. However, it is unknown whether event boundaries drive NE release in the hippocampus and, if so, how NE release relates to changes in hippocampal firing patterns. The advent of the new GRAB
NE
sensor now allows for the measurement of NE binding with sub-second resolution. Using this tool in mice, we tested whether NE is released into the dorsal hippocampus during event boundaries defined by unexpected transitions between spatial contexts and presentations of novel objections. We found that NE binding dynamics were well explained by the time elapsed after each of these environmental changes, and were not related to conditioned behaviors, exploratory bouts of movement, or reward. Familiarity with a spatial context accelerated the rate in which phasic NE binding decayed to baseline. Knowing when NE is elevated, we tested how hippocampal coding of space differs during these moments. Immediately after context transitions we observed relatively unique patterns of neural spiking which settled into a modal state at a similar rate in which NE returned to baseline. These results are consistent with a model wherein NE release drives hippocampal representations away from a steady-state attractor. We hypothesize that the distinctive neural codes observed after each event boundary may facilitate long-term memory and contribute to the neural basis for the primacy effect.
Methylation Clocks Do Not Predict Age or Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Across Genetically Admixed Individuals
Authors: Cruz-González Sebastián , Gu Esther , Gomez Lissette , Mews Makaela , Vance Jeffery M , Cuccaro Michael L , Cornejo-Olivas Mario R , Feliciano-Astacio Briseida E , Byrd Goldie S , Haines Jonathan L , Pericak-Vance Margaret A , Griswold Anthony J , Bush William S , Capra John A
Published: January 2025

Epigenetic clocks that quantify rates of aging from DNA methylation patterns across the genome have emerged as a potential biomarker for risk of age-related diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and environmental and social stressors. However, methylation clocks have not been validated in genetically diverse cohorts. Here we evaluate a set of methylation clocks in 621 AD patients and matched controls from African American, Hispanic, and white co-horts. The clocks are less accurate at predicting age in genetically admixed individuals, especially those with substantial African ancestry, than in the white cohort. The clocks also do not consistently identify age acceleration in admixed AD cases compared to controls. Methylation QTL (meQTL) commonly influence CpGs in clocks, and these meQTL have significantly higher frequencies in African genetic ancestries. Our results demonstrate that methylation clocks often fail to predict age and AD risk beyond their training populations and suggest avenues for improving their portability.
Human cerebellum and ventral tegmental area interact during extinction of learned fear
Authors: Nio Enzo , Pereira Patrick Pais , Diekmann Nicolas , Petrenko Mykola , Doubliez Alice , Ernst Thomas M , Batsikadze Giorgi , Maderwald Stefan , Deuschl Cornelius , Üngör Metin , Cheng Sen , Merz Christian J , Quick Harald H , Timmann Dagmar
Published: January 2025

The key elements for fear extinction learning are unexpected omissions of expected aversive events, which are considered to be rewarding. Given its reception of reward information, we tested the hypothesis that the cerebellum contributes to reward prediction error processing driving extinction learning via its connections with the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Forty-three young and healthy participants performed a three-day fear conditioning paradigm in a 7T MR scanner. The cerebellum and VTA were active during unexpected omissions of aversive unconditioned stimuli, particularly during initial extinction trials. Increased functional connectivity was observed between the cerebellum and VTA, indicating that the cerebellum could positively modulate VTA activity, which in turn might facilitate dopaminergic signaling during fear extinction learning. These results imply that an interaction between the cerebellum and VTA should be incorporated into the existing model of the fear extinction network.
Novel Mechanism for Tubular Injury in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Sur Swastika , Kerwin Maggie , Pineda Silvia , Sansanwal Poonam , Sigdel Tara K , Sirota Marina , Sarwal Minnie M
Published: January 2025

Understanding the unique susceptibility of the human kidney to pH dysfunction and injury in cystinosis is paramount to developing new therapies to preserve renal function. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) and fibroblasts isolated from patients with cystinosis were transcriptionally profiled. Lysosomal fractionation, immunoblotting, confocal microscopy, intracellular pH, TEM, mitochondrial stress test, and membrane integrity assays were performed for validation. CRISPR,
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs were generated. Alterations in cell stress, pH, autophagic turnover, and mitochondrial energetics highlighted key changes in the vacuolar (V)-ATPases in patient-derived and
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs. ATP6V0A1 was significantly downregulated in cystinosis and highly co-regulated with loss of
CTNS
. Correction of ATP6V0A1 rescued cell stress and mitochondrial function. Treatment of
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs with antioxidants astaxanthin (ATX) induced ATP6V0A1 expression and improved autophagosome turnover and mitochondrial integrity.In conclusion, our exploratory transcriptional and in vitro cellular and functional studies confirm that loss of cystinosin in RPTECs, results in a reduction in ATP6V0A1 expression, with changes in intracellular pH, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial function, and autophagosome-lysosome clearance. The novel findings are ATP6V0A1’s role in cystinosis-associated renal pathology and among other antioxidants, ATX specifically upregulated ATP6V0A1, improved autophagosome turnover or reduced autophagy and mitochondrial integrity. This is a pilot study highlighting a novel mechanism of tubular injury in cystinosis and requires further study in animal models to clarify its utility in clinical settings.
Impaired yolk sac NAD metabolism disrupts murine embryogenesis with relevance to human birth defects
Authors: Bozon Kayleigh , Cuny Hartmut , Sheng Delicia Z , Martin Ella MMA , Sipka Alena , Young Paul , Humphreys David T , Dunwoodie Sally L
Published: January 2025

Congenital malformations can originate from numerous genetic or non-genetic factors but in most cases the causes are unknown. Genetic disruption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
de novo
synthesis causes multiple malformations, collectively termed Congenital NAD Deficiency Disorder (CNDD), highlighting the necessity of this pathway during embryogenesis. Previous work in mice shows that NAD deficiency perturbs embryonic development specifically when organs are forming. While the pathway is predominantly active in the liver postnatally, the site of activity prior to and during organogenesis is unknown.Here, we used a mouse model of human CNDD and assessed pathway functionality in embryonic livers and extraembryonic tissues via gene expression, enzyme activity and metabolic analyses. We found that the extra-embryonic visceral yolk sac endoderm exclusively synthesises NAD
de novo
during early organogenesis before the embryonic liver takes over this function. Under CNDD-inducing conditions, visceral yolk sacs had reduced NAD levels and altered NAD-related metabolic profiles, affecting embryo metabolism. Expression of requisite pathway genes is conserved in the equivalent yolk sac cell type in humans.Our findings show that visceral yolk sac-mediated NAD
de novo
synthesis activity is essential for mouse embryogenesis and its perturbation causes CNDD. As mouse and human yolk sacs are functionally homologous, our data improve the understanding of human congenital malformation causation.
Three new species of the spider genus Naphrys Edwards (Araneae, Salticidae) under morphology and molecular data with notes in the distribution of Naphrys acerba (Peckham & Peckham) from Mexico
Authors: Maldonado-Carrizales Juan , Valdez-Mondragón Alejandro , Jiménez-Jiménez María L. , Ponce-Saavedra Javier
Published: January 2025

Herein, we describe three new species of the spider genus Naphrys Edwards, 2003 from Mexico: Naphrys echeri sp. nov., Naphrys tecoxquin sp. nov., and Naphrys tuuca sp. nov. An integrative taxonomic approach was applied, utilizing data from morphology, ultra-morphology, the mitochondrial gene COI, and distribution records. Four molecular methods for species delimitation were implemented under the corrected p-distance Neighbor-Joining (NJ) criteria: (1) Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP); (2) general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC); (3) Bayesian Poisson tree process (bPTP); and (4) multi-rate Poisson tree process (mPTP). Both morphological and molecular data supported the delimitation and recognition of the three new species. The average interspecific genetic distance (p-distance) within the genus Naphrys is 14%, while the intraspecific genetic distances (p-distance) is <2% for most species. We demonstrate that the natural distribution of Naphrys is not restricted to the Nearctic region. Furthermore, the reported localities herein represent the first with precise locations in the country for Naphrys acerba. In addition, a taxonomic identification key is provided for the species in the genus.
La presencia de las mujeres expertas en la prensa encuadres de las investigadoras en educación en Chile
Authors: Salazar Vera Paulina , Ortega Lorena , Muñoz Ana Luisa , Cabalin Cristian
Published: January 2025

Este estudio analiza la presencia de las académicas e investigadoras en educación y los encuadres sobre su figura en El Mercurio, diario chileno considerado como referente por los tomadores de decisión. A través de la teoría del framing se condujo un análisis cuantitativo de 295 noticias publicadas entre 2018 y 2022 en la sección de Educación. Se identificaron cinco encuadres: mujer experta, autora de la producción de conocimiento, de interés humano, mujer cuidadora y comentarista. Los resultados arrojaron que las expertas en el área no presentan una diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de apariciones en las noticias respecto de los hombres, aunque sí se encuentran representadas en menor medida como fuentes principales. Los encuadres predominantes de las mujeres fueron los de cuidado y comentarista, relacionados, especialmente, con temas de educación escolar, educación inicial y pandemia. En tanto, el encuadre en el que las expertas obtuvieron menos presencia fue el de conocimiento, definido como aquel donde dan cuenta de los resultados de sus estudios.
Autoridade médica em grupos antivacina no WhatsApp no Brasil
Authors: Santana Carlos Giovana , Herculano Maia Lídia Raquel , Massarani Luisa , Oliveira Thaiane , Silva Maia Francisco Jadson
Published: January 2025

En este artículo analizamos cómo la autoridad médica es utilizada en la producción y legitimación de opiniones antivacunas en grupos brasileños de WhatsApp, del 20 de julio de 2022 al 31 de julio de 2023, buscando descriptores asociados con el tema de vacunas, lo que resultó en la identificación de cinco grupos antivacunas en esta aplicación. Utilizando el método de la teoría fundamentada, realizamos un análisis de las principales articulaciones tácticas y discursos en torno a los profesionales médicos en 945 mensajes compartidos en estos grupos. A partir de este análisis observamos que la autoridad médica se utiliza, principalmente, para sustentar opiniones contra la seguridad y la eficacia de las vacunas, exaltar a los médicos antivacunas, así como oponerse a los médicos con posiciones diferentes al movimiento antivacunas. Por lo tanto, el análisis señala que estos grupos mantienen una relación ambigua con la autoridad médica, que es cuestionada en el proceso de formación y solidificación de las creencias y opiniones sobre la salud que allí se comparten. En este contexto, observamos que los usuarios perciben a los grupos antivacunas aquí investigados como espacios seguros para buscar y recomendar médicos que comparten percepciones antivacunas, potenciando el escenario de desinformación basada en la autoridad médica en la época contemporánea.
Cáncer de mama en el bazar de TikTok Testimonios frente a charlatanería
Authors: Pérez Dasilva Jesús Ángel , Ganzabal Learreta Maria , Meso Ayerdi Koldobika , Peña Alonso Urko , Mendiguren Galdospin Terese
Published: January 2025

Un diagnóstico de cáncer de mama es traumático, especialmente cuando el pronóstico no es bueno. Por eso, no es de extrañar que las personas enfermas sientan la necesidad de consultar todos los aspectos de su enfermedad en redes sociales como TikTok. Para investigar los contenidos, determinar los perfiles de las personas que publican sobre este carcinoma y establecer los temas más recurrentes, se han capturado los videos en español de TikTok entre octubre de 2022 y 2023 que responden al término clave cáncer de mama mediante el software Zeeschuimer. Estas publicaciones se han ordenado siguiendo el criterio de mayor engagement y se han estudiado las de mayor puntuación, 270 en total, atendiendo a aspectos como el rol del protagonista, su edad, estado emocional o tipo de contenido publicado. Los resultados muestran que 60% de las publicaciones está protagonizado por mujeres enfermas, de entre 25 y 40 años, que luchan en soledad (34%) contra esta enfermedad. Solamente en 11% de los casos aparecen mujeres que han superado esta dolencia. TikTok se convierte para las mujeres afectadas en un escaparate donde se exponen al público física y emocionalmente, en cuyo criterio se confía, y se las distingue como voces autorizadas sobre este tema. Sin embargo, en 23,1% de los casos esta red también es un altavoz para usuarios que emplean un tono alarmista sobre la enfermedad y que en ocasiones contradicen las recomendaciones sobre el cáncer de mama de organizaciones como la OMS o la AECC.
Valores sociales y promoción turística: la Comarca Minera del Mar Menor (España)
Authors: Hernández Gómez Onésimo Samuel , Fernández Rincón Antonio Raúl , Hellín Ortuño Pedro Antonio
Published: January 2025

Esta investigación analiza el uso de valores sociales en el discurso audiovisual como un recurso alternativo a la publicidad turística. Mediante un análisis de contenido de 292 piezas audiovisuales de carácter informativo, documental y de entretenimiento, producidas durante el periodo 1940-2019 por RTVE y Filmoteca Española y localizadas en sus archivos, se examinan los mecanismos discursivos empleados para construir una identidad que funcione como polo de atracción turística de la Comarca Minera del Mar Menor (Región de Murcia, España), destacando tanto sus características naturales y culturales como sus elementos materiales e inmateriales. Esta identidad diferenciada es crucial en el competitivo mercado turístico global. El análisis revela que los valores reflejados en el discurso audiovisual evolucionan en consonancia con los contextos políticos y sociales del país. Durante la dictadura franquista, prevalecen valores asociados al patriotismo y a la religiosidad. A partir de 1950 se incorporan valores como tecnología, modernidad y desarrollo económico. A finales de 1960 y principios de los años 70 toman protagonismo valores relacionados con la calidad, el ocio, el lujo y el deseo. En las décadas de 1980 y 1990 se observa un retorno a la tradición y la historia, mientras que en las de 2000 y 2010 estos valores tradicionales coexisten con la ecología, la biodiversidad, la exclusividad el ocio y la diversión.
Surveillance of Bovine Trypanosomiasis in the Peri-urban Zone of Bamako as a Prelude to Eradicate the Disease in the Basin of River Niger Mali
Authors: Traoré Astan , Diawara Mamadou Oumar , Diarra Modibo , Bass Boubacar , Koné Ousmane Ibrahim , Ly Bintou , Yaro Alpha Seydou , Diarra Boucader
Published: January 2025

Introduction: African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a haemoparasitic disease that considerably hampers socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa. One way to counter this scourge is through vector control and treatment.
Objective: This study aims to help breeders in the study zone to control AAT.
Location and Duration of the Study: About three-year longitudinal follow-up was conducted in seven municipalities around Bamako city (Mande, Kalaban coro, Sanankoroba, Kati, Tienfala, Baguinéda, and Koulikoro) in district Bamako from March 2007 to December 2009.
Methodology: Thirty to fifty heads of cattle were randomly selected in each municipality, and depending on herd size, 5 to 10 heads of cattle were selected from each herd for examination. For each run, all animals diagnosed with Trypanosoma spp. positivity were systematically treated.
Results: A total of 7,622 blood samples from 312 cattle of different breeds (Peulh zebus, Metis, and Mereas predominant breeds) were collected and examined.  A total of 106 animals were found infected with two Trypanosoma species (T. vivax, 99% and T. congolense, 1%). Prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) variable not only by breed (78.25% for zebu and nil for N'Dama) but also by year (4.47%, 0.53% and 0.1% in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively). Variability was also observed according to locality. However, this did not vary according to the sex of animal (P= 0.07). A total of 1691 doses of trypanocidal products were administered to infected animals.
Conclusion: As a result of treatment, the incidence and prevalence of the disease has decreased considerably. However, the risk of disease transmission remains, as biological and mechanical vectors are omnipresent in the area. Besides, seasonal animal movements are also a risk factor. Study suggests regular monitoring, vector management and trypanocidal treatment to reduce the disease incidence and improve livestock productivity.
Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Sediments from Ndambuk River, Busia County, Kenya
Authors: Magero Denis , Meng’wa Victor , Ondoo Kevin Omondi , Pembere Antony M. S. , Wanakai Sammy
Published: January 2025

Anthropogenic activities have significantly contributed to soil and sediment pollution. Heavy metals are among the most common soil/sediment pollutants, owing to the fact that they easily get adsorbed on sediment surfaces and get carried from one ecosystem to another. This study examines the pollution effect of heavy metals in sediments from River Ndambuk, Busia County, Kenya. A total of eight heavy metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn) were examined during dry and wet seasons. The levels of Cd, Ni and Pb were above the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits for heavy metals in sediments. However, Pb levels were only above the WHO limit during the dry season, with the wet season registering concentrations way below WHO limits.  Co, Cu, Fe, Cr and Zn recorded concentrations below WHO limits during the dry and wet seasons. Pollution indices were used to determine the extent of sediment pollution. Geoaccumulation index, pollution load index, contamination factor and enrichment factor were calculated from the heavy metal concentrations in sediments. Fe, Cr and Zn recorded negative I geo values during both seasons, signifying no pollution by these metals. Ni recorded moderately polluted to strongly polluted status whereas Pb recorded strongly polluted status only during the dry season. Points 1 – 4 recorded lack of pollution due to anthropogenic activities, while points 5 – 7 recorded pollution due to anthropogenic activities as per the PLI values. The study recommends proper land use and dumping of wastes and controlled mining activities to keep soil pollution at bay. Pollution by heavy metals can be controlled by embracing circular economy, which advocates for the reuse and reduction of waste to a minimum. Waste reduction will go a long way in reducing water and sediment pollution as the volume of pollutants discharged into water bodies will significantly reduce. The other principles of circular economy that will aid in mitigating water and sediment pollution include: regeneration of reagents, close water loops, integration of materials and waste flows, safe disposal of harmful elements, use of benign chemicals (which are less harmful to the environment) and reduction of chemical diversity.