bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and anti-inflammatory activity of (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin-4-one-dichloromethane (1/1), C26H20Cl2F3NO3S
Authors: Yan Wei-Bin , Liu Yong-Jun , Hou Gui-Ge , Cong Wei , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: May 2020

C26H20Cl2F3NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.5616(4) Å, b = 11.6052(6) Å, c = 14.1451(8) Å, α = 66.617(6)°, β = 82.391(4)°, γ = 69.072(4)°, V = 1204.85(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0460, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1206, T = 100.00(10) K.
Crystal structure of 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-ethoxyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, C18H12ClF2NO4
Authors: Zou Liu-Hong , Nie Xu-Liang , Zhao Lei , Huang Guo-Ping , Huang Jian-Ping
Published: May 2020

C18H12ClF2NO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.544(5) Å, b = 9.344(3) Å, c = 13.545(5) Å, β = 109.86°, V = 1612.4(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1058, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of octahydro-7aR,8′R-dimethylspiro[isobenzofuran-4(1H), 4′ (3′H)-[1H-7,9a]methanocyclohepta[c]pyran]-1′,3, 9′ (3aH,4′aH)-trione, C20H26O5
Authors: He Kang , Wang Yu-Xue , Ye Jiang-Hai , Zou Juan , Zhao Wei , Zhang Jing-Jie , Zhang Jin-Yi
Published: May 2020

C20H26O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.0011(5) Å, b = 12.3136(9) Å, c = 10.4847(8) Å, β = 105.734(2)°, V = 870.01(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0384, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0925, T = 302(2) K.
Crystal structure of 8a,8a′′-oxybis(8aH-8,9-dioxa-3a1λ4-aza-8aλ4-borabenzo[fg]tetracene), C34H22B2N2O5
Authors: Ding Siyi , Ma Qiang , Ren Huaping , Miao Zongcheng
Published: May 2020

C34H22B2N2O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.9886(3) Å, b = 17.8995(6) Å, c = 14.3437(5) Å, β = 98.141(3)°, V = 2538.68(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0391, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1022, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of bromido-triphenyl-(triphenylarsine oxide-κO)tin(IV), C36H30AsBrOSn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: May 2020

C36H30AsBrOSn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.8316(1) Å, b = 10.8781(2) Å, c = 14.9388(2) Å, α = 102.367(1)°, β = 93.369(1)°, γ = 103.134(1)°, V = 1510.07(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0175, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0469, T = 100 K.
The crystal structure of ethyl-1-(N-(adamantan-1-yl)-carbamothioyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate, C19H30N2O2S
Authors: Bari Ahmed , Ali Syed Saeed , Alghadeer Abdulrahman M. , Alturki Turki , Hosten Eric C.
Published: May 2020

C19H30N2O2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.4977(5) Å, b = 28.728(2) Å, c = 10.1806(8) Å, β = 101.549(3)°, V = 1861.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0460, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1213, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis((3-chlorosalicylidene)-ethylenediaminato-κ4N,N′,O,O′)nickel (II), C16H12Cl2NiN2O2
Authors: Xiao Jianchang , Zhou Cun , Tan Hui , Huang Meifen , Wu Qiong
Published: May 2020

C16H12Cl2NiN2O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.5166(12) Å, b = 12.5881(14) Å, c = 19.0086(19) Å, V = 2995.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0435, wR
2 = 0.0826, T = 296.15.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-{4-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone, C15H12BrNO2
Authors: Jin Yi , Fu Tao , Ma Bo-Yang , Wei Ping , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li
Published: May 2020

C15H12BrNO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.7848(3) Å, b = 10.0857(3) Å, c = 12.2695(4) Å, β = 111.2020(10)°, Z = 4, V = 1359.61(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0306, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0745, T = 173(2) K.
Manipulating neural activity and sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Marshall Lisa
Published: May 2020

Sleep contributes actively to the consolidation of many forms of memory. This review describes the neural oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the structures underlying these oscillations and their relation to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. A main focus lies on the relation between inter- and intraregional interactions and their electrophysiological representation. Methods for modulating neural oscillations with the intent of affecting memory consolidation are presented.
Two meshless methods for solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations in engineering and applied sciences
Authors: Al-Jawary Majeed A. , Ibraheem Ghada H.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, two meshless methods have been introduced to solve some nonlinear problems arising in engineering and applied sciences. These two methods include the operational matrix Bernstein polynomials and the operational matrix with Chebyshev polynomials. They provide an approximate solution by converting the nonlinear differential equation into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved by using Mathematica® 10. Four applications, which are the well-known nonlinear problems: the magnetohydrodynamic squeezing fluid, the Jeffery-Hamel flow, the straight fin problem and the Falkner-Skan equation are presented and solved using the proposed methods. To illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods, the maximum error remainder is calculated. The results shown that the proposed methods are accurate, reliable, time saving and effective. In addition, the approximate solutions are compared with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) achieving good agreements.
Modeling of tensile index using uncertain data sets
Authors: Bengtsson Fredrik , Karlström Anders , Wik Torsten
Published: May 2020

The objective of this investigation is to analyze and model tensile index. Two approaches are used, one based on training and validation data, while the other novel approach tests models using all possible combinations of data points. This approach is focused on small data sets which have here been obtained from nineteen pulp samples at different refining conditions in a full-scale TMP production line with a CD-76 refiner as a primary stage. From each pulp sample twenty handsheet strips for tensile index measurements were performed. Initially, specific energy and the external variables (dilution water feed rates and plate gaps) are used as predictors in a modeling approach based on an adjusted

R

2

{R^{2}}

approach. Thereafter, the resulting models are compared with a combination of specific energy and internal variables (primarily consistencies) obtained from temperature measurements inside the refining zones using a soft sensor concept. It is found that specific energy and internal variables as predictors outperform the external variables when estimating tensile index.
Crack closure and flexural tensile capacity with SMA fibers randomly
embedded on tensile side of mortar beams
Authors: Jung Chi-Young , Lee Jong-Han
Published: May 2020

In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to assess the flexural
tensile strength and crack-closing performance of mortar beams containing short shape
memory alloy (SMA) fibers, randomly distributed only on the tensile side. The SMA
fibers were mainly composed of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb). In
addition, the effect of tensile steel wires on the flexural strength and
crack-closing performance was evaluated. A four-point bending test was performed to
evaluate the post-cracking tensile strength. This study also suggested a proper model
to calculate the ultimate flexural moment of the SMA fiber–embedded beams.
Subsequently, a heating plate that could be installed at the bottom of the beam was
used to induce the shape memory effect and measure the closed crack width. This study
assessed the crack-closing performance induced by the SMA fibers at the bottom side
of the beams and the resistance of the tensile wires in the beams.
The Merchant of Venice and the Paschal Moon
Authors: Usher Peter D.
Published: May 2020

The Merchant of Venice contains a puzzling passage by Lancelot Gobbo that refers to Ash Wednesday and Easter Monday, two dates in the Christian religious calendar. The passage is nonsensical, yet it is a commonplace that the utterances of Shakespeare’s clowns are often noteworthy. This paper notes that Lancelot refers to an unusual four-fold coincidence of Passover with Easter Monday, the former on the correct Gregorian calendar, the latter on the outdated Julian calendar. The interpretation is tested and leads to the determination of the dramatic time of the play which with other evidence from the script suggests that the paschal moon of 14 Nisan 5357 (April 2, 1597) is a crux of the play. The resulting timeline is consistent with events in the script and leads to a new interpretation for Old Gobbo’s dish of doves. The timeline leads also to a solution for a question on equity and the law.
Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)-directed treatment of peritoneal metastasis in end-stage colo-rectal cancer patients
Authors: Ellebæk Signe Bremholm , Graversen Martin , Detlefsen Sönke , Lundell Lars , Fristrup Claus W. , Pfeiffer Per , Mortensen Michael B.
Published: May 2020

Background

Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) represents a novel approach to intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Hereby results, obtained with PIPAC in patients with advanced peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), are presented.

Methods

Data from CRC patients (n = 24) included in the prospective PIPAC-OPC1 and PIPAC-OPC2 trials are reported. Oxaliplatin 92 mg/m2 was administered at 4-6-week intervals. A CE certified nebulizer was used to aerosolize the chemotherapeutics. Outcome criteria were objective tumor response, survival and adverse events.

Results

Retrospective analysis of 74 PIPAC procedures carried out in 24 consecutive patients with PM from CRC included from October 2015 to February 2019. Five patients had still the primary tumor in situ, and 22 patients had received palliative systemic chemotherapy. Nineteen patients completed more than two PIPAC procedures, and objective tumor response according to the histological Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) was observed in 67% of the patients, while 21% had stable disease. Four patients (21%) had complete response (mean PRGS = 1 and negative cytology). We recorded a median survival of 37.6 (range 7.3–48.9) months from the time of PM diagnosis, whereas it was 20.5 (range 0.13–34.7) months following the first PIPAC session. Minor postoperative complications were noted, and few were considered causally related to the PIPAC treatment. However, two cases of severe postoperative complications were recorded (urosepsis and iatrogenic bowel perforation).

Conclusions

PIPAC with low-dose oxaliplatin can induce objective tumor regression in selected patients with advanced PM from colorectal cancer.
1H-NMR spectroscopy metabonomics of reactive, ovarian carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma ascites
Authors: Zennaro Lucio , Nicolè Lorenzo , Vanzani Paola , Cappello Filippo , Fassina Ambrogio
Published: May 2020

Background

Metabolomic profiling of human malignant effusion remain a field poorly investigated. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy is a rapid relatively low cost technique, and effusion is an optimal biospecimen suitable for metabonomic investigations. With this study we addressed metabolomic profiling of malignant ascitic effusion (mAE) from patients with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and benign AEs (bAEs) from patients with reactive peritonitis.

Methods

Metabolic profiling with 1H-NMR was performed on 72 AEs (31 HGSOC, 16 HCC and 25 bAE) prospectively collected in our cytology service. Histological confirmation was requested for all malignant case. Multivariate analysis comprising PCA and PLS-DA was applied to discover metabolites suitable to differentiate effusions among the investigated groups.

Results

1H-NMR metabonomic analysis showed clearly different spectra for malignant and benign AEs, as well as for HGSOC vs. HCC effusion. When compared with HCC effusions, the HGSOC effusion were enriched, among all, in alanine, lipids, N-acetyl groups and phenylalanine and depleted in glutamine.

Conclusions

Subject to validation in further larger studies, 1H-NMR metabonomics could be an effective and reliable ancillary tool for AE investigations and diagnosis particularly in acellular effusions.
Domino and one-pot syntheses of biologically active compounds using diphenylprolinol silyl ether
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro
Published: May 2020

The successful application of diphenylprolinol silyl ether, which is one of the widely used organocatalysts, to the synthesis of natural products and drugs, is described mostly focusing on the author’s results. The molecules that are explained in this paper are baclofen, telcagepant, oseltamivir, ABT-341, prostaglandins, estradiol, horsfiline and coerulescine.
Inorganic acids – technology background and future perspectives
Authors: Ciesielczyk Filip
Published: May 2020

The presented chapter deals with technological aspects concerning industrial production of major inorganic chemicals such as sulfuric, nitric and phosphorous acids. The idea was to highlight the main assumptions related to their fabrication as well as to point out novel aspects and perspectives concerning their industry. The main attention will be paid to raw materials and their transformation in order to obtain indirect precursors of inorganic acids – acid anhydrides. Characteristics of the individual stages of synthesis, with a special regard to the process conditions will be also of key importance. The environmental impact of this particular technology will be raised and discussed. Finally, the review over recently published scientific papers, concerning innovative solutions in inorganic acids production, will be performed.
A computer-based approach for developing linamarase inhibitory agents
Authors: Paul Lucas , Mudogo Celestin N. , Mtei Kelvin M. , Machunda Revocatus L. , Ntie-Kang Fidele
Published: May 2020

Cassava is a strategic crop, especially for developing countries. However, the presence of cyanogenic compounds in cassava products limits the proper nutrients utilization. Due to the poor availability of structure discovery and elucidation in the Protein Data Bank is limiting the full understanding of the enzyme, how to inhibit it and applications in different fields. There is a need to solve the three-dimensional structure (3-D) of linamarase from cassava. The structural elucidation will allow the development of a competitive inhibitor and various industrial applications of the enzyme. The goal of this review is to summarize and present the available 3-D modeling structure of linamarase enzyme using different computational strategies. This approach could help in determining the structure of linamarase and later guide the structure elucidationin silicoand experimentally.
Fluorescence and fluorescent dyes
Authors: Langhals Heinz
Published: May 2020

The handling and control of light is becoming more and more attractive in science and technology such as data processing and requires functional chromophores. As a consequence, fluorescent materials are of special importance because they allow the processing of light energy. Thus, basics of fluorescence are reported as prerequisites for planning complex functional structures. Various fluorescent systems are presented beginning with historic observations followed by a detailed discussion of light absorption and emission indicating fluorescent chromophores as molecular resonators; molecular dynamics and intermolecular interactions are leading to complex functional materials.
GERPAC Consensus Conference – Guidance on the Assignment of Microbiological Shelf-life for Hospital Pharmacy Aseptic Preparations
Authors: Crauste-Manciet Sylvie , Krämer Irene , Lagarce Frederic , Sautou Valerie , Beaney Alison , Smith Julian , Fenton-May V’Iain , Hecq Jean-Daniel , Sadeghipour Farshid , Brun Paul Le
Published: May 2020

All dosage forms prepared in hospital pharmacies should be labelled with an appropriate shelf-life. This shelf-life should be validated taking chemical, physical and microbiological data into consideration. This guidance focuses on parenteral aseptically prepared products, as they are high-risk preparations. The risk is exacerbated by a requirement for longer shelf lives for reasons of economy and efficiency. The scope of this guidance includes individual patient preparations, preparations prepared in series (same type of preparation being repeatedly prepared) and batch preparations prepared from the same initial bulk admixture.
A review on fly ash from coal-fired power plants: chemical composition, regulations, and health evidence
Authors: Zierold Kristina M. , Odoh Chisom
Published: May 2020

Throughout the world, coal is responsible for generating approximately 38% of power. Coal ash, a waste product, generated from the combustion of coal, consists of fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization material. Fly ash, which is the main component of coal ash, is composed of spherical particulate matter with diameters that range from 0.1 μm to >100 μm. Fly ash is predominately composed of silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, and oxygen, but the particles may also contain heavy metals such as arsenic and lead at trace levels. Most nations throughout the world do not consider fly ash a hazardous waste and therefore regulations on its disposal and storage are lacking. Fly ash that is not beneficially reused in products such as concrete is stored in landfills and surface impoundments. Fugitive dust emissions and leaching of metals into groundwater from landfills and surface impoundments may put people at risk for exposure. There are limited epidemiological studies regarding the health effects of fly ash exposure. In this article, the authors provide an overview of fly ash, its chemical composition, the regulations from nations generating the greatest amount of fly ash, and epidemiological evidence regarding the health impacts associated with exposure to fly ash.
VICTORIA transform, RESPECT and REFORM methods for the proof of the G-Elliptic Law under G-Lindeberg condition and twice stochastic condition for the variances and covariances of the entries of some random matrices
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L.
Published: May 2020

The G-Elliptic law under the G-Lindeberg condition for the independent pairs of the
entries of a random matrix is proven.
Zur Konstruktion von Spiritualität im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Frick Eckhard , Bettenbrock Benjamin , Roser Traugott , Deffner Teresa
Published: May 2020

Wissenschaftliche Communities bemühen sich um Konsensusdefinitionen von Basiskonzepten, die der empirischen Forschung zu Grunde liegen. In der Forschung über Spiritualität und Spiritual Care können etic-Daten (erhoben durch operationalisierte Methoden) und idiosynkratische, stark subjektive emic-Daten unterschieden werden. Interessanterweise können auch empirische Forscher und Spiritualitäts-Experten ihre persönliche emic-Perspektive ausdrücken, die sehr verschieden von der Perspektive ihrer Kollegen sein kann. Diese Studie verwendet die Repertory Grid Technik (RGT), eine empirische Methode zur Erfassung idiosynkratischer psychologischer Charakteristika, um die persönlichen Konstrukte von „Spiritualität“ und „Spiritual Care“ bei Experten in diesen Forschungs- und Praxisfeldern zu untersuchen.
Comparing various influences on adhesive contact with friction
Authors: Vodička Roman
Published: May 2020

A general computational model covering many types of frictional contact interfaces between visco-elastic bodies is considered for some cases physically relevant in numerical analysis of contact in civil engineering structures. The relations between mechanical quantities and internal parameters of the model are illustrated in a couple of simplified examples including cohesive contact combined with Coulomb friction and/or interface plasticity. The computations are implemented a semi-implicit time discretisation, quadratic programming algorithms, and the boundary-element method.
Non-canonical inverse in Circassian languages
Authors: Arkadiev Peter
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses a typologically peculiar inverse-like construction found in the polysynthetic ergative Circassian languages of the Northwest-Caucasian family. These languages possess a cislocative verbal prefix, which, in addition to marking the spatial meaning of speaker-orientation, systematically occurs in polyvalent verbs when the object outranks the subject on the person hierarchy. The inverse-like use of the cislocative in Circassian differs from the “canonical” direct-inverse system in that, first, it is fully redundant since the person-role linking is achieved by means of the person markers themselves and, second, it does not occur in the basic transitive construction, featuring instead in configurations involving an indirect object both in ditransitive and bivalent intransitive verbs. It is argued that the typologically outstanding properties of the Circassian inverse-like marking can be naturally explained by its diachronic origin.
Counsellors’ interactional practices for facilitating group members’ affiliative talk about personal experiences in group counselling
Authors: Weiste Elina , Tiitinen Sanni , Vehviläinen Sanna , Ruusuvuori Johanna , Laitinen Jaana
Published: May 2020

Affiliative talk about personal experiences, that is, talk that supports the person’s affective stance towards the experience, is important in all types of counselling. Often, however, this is not the only or even the main goal of the counselling. We investigate what interactional practices counsellors use to facilitate group members’ affiliative talk about their personal experiences in a problem focused, health promotion group counselling. The findings are based on a conversation analysis of 23 video-recorded group counselling sessions. We present four interactional practices by counsellors for facilitating participants’ talk about their personal experiences in relation to other group members’ experiences. We demonstrate that each interactional practice sets up a different space for telling about one’s experiences in an affiliative way. Loosely designed questions about group members’ thoughts at the end of an assignment seem to engender stretches of affiliative talk about personal experiences very efficiently. We suggest that even if the counselling is focused on solving group members’ problems, it should include time for loosely structured discussions among group members to support affiliative talk.
Metadiscourse and the management of relationships during online conflict among academics
Authors: Shrikant Natasha
Published: May 2020

This study analyzes how members of an online academic committee use metadiscourse to manage communicative norms and relationships during conflict. The data analyzed include 67 listserv posts among academics developing a solution to a conference scheduling conflict. Discourse analysis highlights how tensions between the group’s leader and the group members escalate throughout the interactions. The conflict began when the participants opposed the group leader through positively evaluating the content of their leader’s email, yet re-formulating their leader’s proposed communication process. When the group leader ignored members, the members escalated opposition through negatively formulating the leader’s actions, taking overt negative affective stances, asking the leader to change his decision, and withdrawing from the committee without resolving conflict. Analysis of the group’s metadiscourse illustrates that the group members withdrew not because they disagreed with the leader’s solution, but because they oriented to their leader as repeatedly violating academia-specific communication and relational preferences: the group leader attempted to conduct a top-down, closed conversation, while the group members preferred an open discussion among equals. These findings highlight the need to attend to community-specific communication and relational preferences, particularly when online interactions are the primary form of relational maintenance.
Effect of transportation and freeze-thaw procedure on hemostatic tests
Authors: Öngen İpek Belkız , Sitar Mustafa Erinç
Published: May 2020

Objective

Coagulation tests are sensitive to pre-analytical variables. The aim of our study is to identify the effect of transportation and freeze-thaw status on for Factor VIII, Factor IX, Anti-thrombin III, Protein S, Protein C, Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

Materials and methods

The study was performed on 102 plasma samples obtained from 34 healthy volunteers. The samples were divided into three groups. Group A was analyzed whereas group B, C were frozen at −20°C. After 24 h, group B and C were transported for 2 h. Following the transfer, group B was analyzed and C was frozen at −20°C. After 24 h, group C was analyzed. Analyses of samples were performed in Thrombolyzer-XRM for PT, aPTT, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Anti-thrombin III, Protein C and Protein S.

Results

There were significant variations for PT, aPTT, Protein S, Factor VIII and Factor IX for group A&B and A&C comparisons in different stability criteria approaches. In significant change limit and percentage change calculations Protein S, Factor VIII and IX showed significant differences. For acceptable change limit approach, aPTT and Factor IX showed significant changes.

Conclusion

Laboratories should take precautions for transportation and freeze-thaw cycles to prevent inaccurate results.
Atypical cells in sysmex UN automated urine particle analyzer: a case report and pitfalls for future studies
Authors: Aydin Ozgur , Yapıcı Onur , Copuroglu Ruksan
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Sysmex UN series fully automated urine analyzer reports a series of research parameters besides routine parameters including the “atypical cells” parameter. An automated instrument in clinical use capable of detecting neoplastic cells of the urinary tract will have paramount significance.

Case presentation

A 73 years old male patient with a recurrent high grade urothelial carcinoma admitted to our urology outpatient clinic due to hematuria.

Urinalysis showed +3 hemoglobin, +3 leukocyte esterase, 200/HPF red blood cells, 300/HPF white blood cells. The instrument also reported atypical cells (7.6/µL or 1.3/HPF) under the heading of “research parameters.” Presence of atypical cells was confirmed by the manual microscopy. The patient has undergone transurethral resection of papillary lesions and the pathology report confirmed a recurrence. On follow-up, atypical cells fell to 0.1/µL after 40 days.

Conclusions

This case report presents a patient with atypical cells in urine, detected by a fully automated urine analyzer. The atypical cells presented on the screen of the analyzer were confirmed by the manual microscopy. This presentation may influence future studies pertaining to the subject.
Study of Correctly Expanded Sonic Jet with Air Tabs
Authors: R Arun Prasad , S Thanigaiarasu , M Sembaruthi , E Rathakrishnan
Published: May 2020

The present numerical study is to understand the effect of air tabs located at the exit of a convergent nozzle on the spreading and mixing characteristics of correctly expanded sonic primary jet. Air tabs used in this study are two secondary jets issuing from constant diameter tubes located diametrically opposite at the periphery of the primary nozzle exit, normal to the primary jet. Two air tabs of Mach numbers 1.0 to 1.4, in steps of 0.1 are considered in this study. The mixing modification caused by air tabs are analysed by considering the mixing of uncontrolled (free) primary jet as a reference. Substantial enhancement in jet mixing is achieved with Mach 1.4 air tabs, which results in 80 % potential core length reduction. The total pressure profiles taken on the plane (YZ) normal to the primary jet axis, at various locations along the primary jet centreline revealed the modification of the jet cross sectional shape by air tabs. The stream-wise vortices and bifurcation of the primary jet caused by air tabs are found to be the mechanism behind the enhanced jet mixing.
Global Justice: A Utopia and Concern of Humanitarianism
Authors: Qun Gong
Published: May 2020

Global justice or the lack thereof has internal connections with global poverty. Global justice is an ideal pursuit of cosmopolitanism, which regards basic human needs as its rightful object. The right to life, from the point of view of global justice, is the most fundamental in the list of Human Rights. International anarchy and the current international economic order, however, cast a utopian shadow on the realization of this right when we consider the de facto institutions and the ostensible goal of impartial love for everyone. Humanitarian aid is another approach to the problem of contemporary global poverty. Its difficulty lies first in people’s different conceptions of obligation and donation. They consider the former as duty while the latter is seen to lie beyond the call of duty. Second, in terms of a correlation between right and duty, since everyone has the right to life, the duty falls accordingly upon organizations or individuals. Meanwhile, donation as duty is not perfect obligation, thus is not compulsory either. Finally, international humanitarian aid is constrained by nationalism and partial love. Hence, in the light of either government or individual, the humanitarian aid approach is beset with challenges.

Global justice has gained academic importance worldwide since John Rawls’ later works. By contrast to domestic justice, it is a theory of justice that proposes to include all human beings. Global justice stands for a kind of utopian justice in regard to both the institutional path and the humanitarian aid approach. I shall examine the theory of global justice under these two aspects.
The Interdependence of Domestic and Global Justice
Authors: Beck Valentin
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on the challenge of determining the relative weight of domestic and global justice demands. This problem concerns a variety of views that differ on the metric, function, scope, grounds and fundamental interpretation of justice norms. I argue that domestic and global economic justice are irreducibly interdependent. In order to address their exact relation, I discuss and compare three theoretical models: (i) the bottom-up-approach, which prioritizes domestic justice; (ii) the top-down-approach, which prioritizes global justice; and (iii) the horizontal framework, according to which both domestic and global principles pose equally stringent demands that are to be implemented horizontally, without attributing a simple priority to one over the other. I argue that the third model represents the best overall framework, although more complex normative criteria need to be elaborated on the basis of this approach, affecting issues such as justice in climate change mitigation and adaption, development cooperation, trade, finance, taxation and immigration.
The Ethical Constraint on War
Authors: Huaihong He
Published: May 2020

In dealing with the problem of war, how should one seek a proper middle path between absolute pacifism and extreme realism? How can a proper ethics of war be adhered to? Is “just war”, when used as a term for the moral evaluation of war, somewhat vague and ambiguous? This paper argues that in the analysis of various types of war ethics, it is necessary to put forward an “ethical constraints of war”. Such constraints should be valid in wartime, including in the lead-up to war, during the war, and even post-war. Politicians and all the relevant agents are asked to consider not only the motives and intentions behind the war but also the actions and the means of warfare and even the long-term consequences. One should take into account not only the contents but also the grounds of the ethical constraints of war, which directly involves the basic principle of life.
Sheng-Sheng (生生) as Being-Between-Generations: On the Existential Structure of Confucian Ethics
Authors: Xiangcheng Sun
Published: May 2020

On the level of existential structure, “Shengsheng Buxi” unfolds an existential structure different from Heidegger’s “being-in-the-world”. This paper calls it “being-between-the-generations”. Through this existential structure, it reveals many aspects which Heidegger ignored in his existential analysis. The existence of “I” between generations is, first of all, a conjunction of generations, “this body” has its own origin. Its original facing the Other is to love his/her parents, and showing the structure of “being-together-with-the-generations” in filial piety; family implements the existence of “inheritance”, thus gaining its ontological status in this structure. The state of mood in generations shows the “Enjoyment-at-home” of this-body; at the same time, being-between-the-generations also makes “learning” and “teaching” indispensable and essential moments in the existential structure, and makes the “Project” of “trans-generations” possible. The “historicity” formed by “generations” has an impact on this. Ultimately, in the memorial ceremony of “death of parents and ancestors”, it builds the structure of “being-together-with-the-generations” within a family, and maintains the dimension of transcendence, in the way of filial piety, whose nature is revealed in The Analects as “Tribute to the death of parents and keeping memory of ancestors” (慎終追遠).
Progress and Human Rights Justice as Evaluating Criteria for Global Developments
Authors: Lohmann Georg
Published: May 2020

The paper clarifies first a critical understanding of “progress”. Progress implies a development for the better, the comprehensive definition of which must be a conception of justice if progress is to justify global developments and political rule. Therefore a somewhat minimal but complex definition of “human rights justice”, as formulated in the international human rights pacts since 1948, is explained. Through this, the different but systematically interrelated human rights (liberty rights, justice rights, political rights, economic, cultural and social rights) can allow for reflected and more comprehensive assessments of progress in different areas of development. But it is also necessary to integrate the specific progress developments into a comprehensive conception of human rights justice, the precise definition of which requires not only the observance of social but ultimately of all human rights, and in particular political participation rights. In the final section some problems of this approach will be discussed.
Towards a Transcultural Concept of Justice Based on Self-respect
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian
Published: May 2020

The idea of global justice faces a serious challenge. We live in one global society and many regional and local societies at the same time. The existing plurality of institutional as well as cultural levels of social connection leads to this general question: what is the right site for addressing different questions of justice? Some philosophers argue that the paramount place for thinking about justice is the global level, but other philosophers claim that questions of justice presuppose a certain institutional structure. It is therefore only at the local level, preferentially in the form of sovereign states, where questions of justice arise. I want to argue that it is possible to understand some issues of justice as global in an irreducible way, while other issues are best addressed on a local level not only for pragmatic reasons, but also for reasons that have to do with the normative significance of local institutions, cultural connections and social identities.
Moral Progress: Between Justification and Innovation
Authors: Brunozzi Philippe
Published: May 2020

Current scholarship has widely neglected how moral progress is conceived of in contemporary Chinese moral theory. This article ventures into a first exploration of that topic, restricting itself to one conception of moral progress. Given that no fully-fledged Chinese accounts of moral progress are available, its first goal consists in showing how we can even approach and get a grip on the issue of moral progress in the first place. Having identified a specific conception of moral progress, it secondly sets out to problematize and assess that conception. It will become apparent that the emerging account of moral progress is fraught with a specific tension that threatens to undermine the cogency of the whole account. Instead of abandoning the account altogether, I suggest in the end that we have reason to follow its lead. How it is to be further developed will however not be further elaborated.
Forms of Injustice and Regression
Authors: Kreide Regina
Published: May 2020

Over the last years, the debate over global justice has moved beyond the divide between statist and cosmopolitan, as well as ideal and non-ideal approaches. Rather, a turn to empirical realities has taken place, claiming that normative political philosophy and theory need to address empirical facts about global poverty and wealth. The talk argues that some aspects of the earlier “Critical Theory” and its notions of negativity, praxis, and communicative power allow for a non-empiristic link between normative theory and a well-informed social science analysis that is based on experienced injustice. The analysis of border politics and housing politics will serve as an example for a critical theory of global injustice that addresses regressive as well as emancipative developments in society.
Zur Entwicklung der modalenverstehen-Konstruktion: Ein Konservierungseffekt im Zuge der Auxiliarisierung
Authors: Dekalo Volodymyr
Published: May 2020

The present paper deals with item- and feature-based changes of the modal semi-schematic construction withverstehenin written German during the 20th century. To understand this development, the century is divided into four equal periods. Applying a simple collexeme analysis for each time span, the study ascertains which lexical verbs appear as typical items in a schematic slot constituting its collostructional profile. Comparing the distributional behavior manually in a pairwise fashion, the analysis reveals that solely three verbs, namelymachen,umgehenandmeistern, stay constantly highly attracted within the top collexemes of theverstehen-construction during the 20th century. Using a dependency-based semantic space model, the study demonstrates that the collostructional profile of the fourth period differs considerably from the previous time span. Utilizing random forest of conditional inference trees, changes in terms of usage features of the modal construction are pinpointed. As a result, its grammaticality degree has not increased demonstrating solely minor changes in temporal functionality as well as in realization of subject forms.
Electronic band profiles and magneto-electronic properties of ternary XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds: insight from ab initio calculations
Authors: Zada Zeshan , Ullah Hayat , Bibi Robeen , Zada Sabeen , Mahmood Asif
Published: May 2020

Full-potential augmented plane waves (FP-APW) method is applied to determine the electronic band profiles and magneto-electronic properties of XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds. We have adopted Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof's generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) along with GGA plus Hubbard U parameter method (GGA+U) as exchange correlation potentials. The physical properties of interest for XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds were analyzed for the first time in the Zintl phase of tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm (No. 139). From the structural parameters we have found that ferromagnetic phase is more stable as compared to paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase. Electronic band profiles predict the metallic nature of these compounds in FM phase. The projected densities of states computed in this work recognize that the bonding is accomplished through hybridization of Cu-3d with P-p states. The evaluated magnetic moments support weak ferromagnetism in these compounds. The compounds of interest are thermodynamically stable. In addition, the cohesive energies and Curie temperatures of the studied compounds were also predicted. Metallic and ferromagnetic nature of XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds predict the important of these compounds in spintronic devices.
Coherent Transport in Periodically Driven Mesoscopic Conductors: From Scattering Amplitudes to Quantum Thermodynamics
Authors: Brandner Kay
Published: May 2020

Scattering theory is a standard tool for the description of transport phenomena in mesoscopic systems. Here, we provide a detailed derivation of this method for nano-scale conductors that are driven by oscillating electric or magnetic fields. Our approach is based on an extension of the conventional Lippmann–Schwinger formalism to systems with a periodically time-dependent Hamiltonian. As a key result, we obtain a systematic perturbation scheme for the Floquet scattering amplitudes that describes the transition of a transport carrier through a periodically driven sample. Within a general multi-terminal setup, we derive microscopic expressions for the mean values and time-integrated correlation functions, or zero-frequency noise, of matter and energy currents, thus recovering the results of earlier studies in a unifying framework. We show that this framework is inherently consistent with the first and the second law of thermodynamics and prove that the mean rate of entropy production vanishes only if all currents in the system are zero. As an application, we derive a generalized Green–Kubo relation, which makes it possible to express the response of any mean currents to small variations of temperature and chemical potential gradients in terms of time integrated correlation functions between properly chosen currents. Finally, we discuss potential topics for future studies and further reaching applications of the Floquet scattering approach to quantum transport in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics.
Potential use of essential oils to enhance heat tolerance in plants
Authors: Hara Masakazu
Published: May 2020

Isothiocyanates, monoterpenes, and leaf volatiles that are components of essential oils induce the expression of heat shock protein genes in plant systems. Here, the modes of heat shock responses induced by the essential oil compounds and their heat-tolerance-enhancing activities are described. Traditionally, green manure produced from essential-oil-containing plants has been used because such manure is thought to have beneficial effects in fertilizing, allelopathic, antibacterial, and animal-repellent activities. In addition to these effects, stress (especially heat stress)-tolerance-enhancing activities can be expected. Biostimulants containing such essential oils may be able to maintain the yield and quality of crops under increasing ambient temperatures. In this review, chemicals that enhance the heat tolerance of plants are designated as heat tolerance enhancers (HTLEs). Some essential oil compounds can be categorized as HTLEs available for biostimulants.
Natural antioxidants in emulsions O/W
Authors: El-Guendouz Soukaina , Aazza Smail , Dandlen Susana Anahi , Majdoub Nessrine , Lyoussi Badiaa , Raposo Sara , Gomes Vera , Bankova Vassya , Popova Milena , Antunes Dulce , Miguel Maria Graça
Published: May 2020

This study compared the capacity of propolis extract (PE) and thyme waste extract (TWE) to prevent the oxidation of oil in water (O/W) emulsion, as well as their impact on emulsion apparent viscosity (AV) in the presence of wheat germ and almond oils as lipid phase. For this, central composite design (CCD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Oxidation process was monitored by evaluating the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products, at the same time the AV behavior was determined evaluating consistency index and flow behavior index. The results revealed that the increase of PE% and TWE% decreases TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) and hydroperoxides formation. Viscosity increases with the rise of TWE% over (0.04%), whereas lower concentrations of PE% decreases it. Those results have been confirmed in the PCA analysis. TWE showed higher resistance to oxidation, although PE was more effective as antioxidant than TWE.
Plasmons in Liquid Metals Studied by Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Kimura Koji , Hagiya Toru , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Hiraoka Nozomu
Published: May 2020

Plasmon is a collective excitation of electrons in materials. Since plasmon can be observed in a wide range of the phase diagram including the solid, liquid, and classical plasma phases, the investigation of the electronic states through the plasmon is of great significance in order to obtain a unified insight into the electronic states in various phases of matter. Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an ideal tool for such an investigation, because it can be applied to the samples in the liquid state and those in an extreme conditions. In this review, we discuss IXS results on the plasmons in liquid metals, and also describe a formulation to predict the plasmon energy and the lifetime in liquid metals. The formulation takes into account the effect of the ionic structure within the nearly free electron approximation, and reproduces well the experimental results.
Konfessionelle Kooperation – Plausibilität, Chancen und Grenzen aus kirchenhistorischer, Osnabrücker und persönlicher Perspektive
Authors: Jung Martin H.
Published: May 2020

Ausgehend von biographischen und beruflichen Ökumene-Erfahrungen werden gleichermaßen Notwendigkeit, Chancen und Probleme der konfessionellen Kooperation in der Lehramtsausbildung beleuchtet. Fünf unterschiedliche Formen und Stufen der Kooperation, von der bloßen Öffnung von Lehrveranstaltungen über das Teamteaching bis zu gemeinsamen Master- und Promotionsprogrammen, kommen in den Blick und werden an Beispielen aus dem Fach Kirchengeschichte erläutert. Die Erörterung der dafür notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen zeigt jedoch die Probleme bei der praktischen Umsetzung des Kooperationsanliegens. Auf der Basis eigener Erfahrungen, die auch veranschaulichen, was Dozierende konkret machen können, werden ferner verschiedene spezifische Aspekte der Kooperation im Fach Kirchengeschichte diskutiert und abschließend noch einmal grundsätzliche, strukturell bedingte Schwierigkeiten thematisiert.
Religiöse Bildung – informell. Empirische Annäherungen am Beispiel von Großchorprojekten
Authors: Kühn Jonathan
Published: May 2020

Während informelles Lernen in der Religionspädagogik konzeptionell bereits umfassend behandelt wurde, ist diese Bildungsdimension forschungspraktisch bislang weitgehend vernachlässigt worden. Deshalb sind Interviewdaten einer aktuellen Studie zum Singen in christlichen Großchorprojekten auf Prozesse informeller religiöser Bildung hin befragt worden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass durch Projekte wie das Gospel-Musical „Amazing Grace“ individuelle Entwicklungsprozesse in hohem Maße befördert werden können; entsprechend vielversprechend erscheint es, künftig auch andere Teile des kirchlichen bzw. kirchlich verantworteten Lebens empirisch zu beforschen, um ihre informellen Bildungspotenziale zu eruieren.
Nutrition for Adolescent Female Team Sport Athletes: A Review
Authors: Sharples Alice , Baker Dane , Black Katherine
Published: May 2020

Adequate nutrition generally promotes training adaptations and thus optimal performance. Adolescence is characterized by a pubescence growth spurt, increasing energy and nutrient needs. Most team sports literature focuses on male athletes, with little on adolescent female team sports. Adolescent female athletes are at an increased risk of inadequate energy, and micronutrient intakes because of the pursuit of high fitness levels, and society pressures. This may cause hormonal irregularities, delayed development, poor bone health, and increased risk of injury. This review synthesizes information on the nutritional needs of adolescent female team sport players for performance and health.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: An Overview for Strength and Conditioning Professionals
Authors: Vogrin Matjaž , Ličen Teja , Kljaić Dujić Milka
Published: May 2020

Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is a hip condition associated with the entrapment of the quadratus femoris muscle between the ischiofemoral space and the lesser trochanter of the femur. As an overlooked cause of hip pain, it is often confused with other injuries (e.g., deep gluteal syndrome and proximal hamstring tendinitis), with S&C professionals and rehabilitation specialists being generally unaware of its existence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present an overview of IFI, which includes diagnosis, injury mechanisms, and conservative treatment options.