bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota regulates chronic ethanol exposure-induced depressive-like behavior through hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation
Authors: Yao Hui , Zhang Dalin , Yu Hao , Yuan Huiya , Shen Hui , Lan Xinze , Liu Hao , Chen Xiaohuan , Meng Fanyue , Wu Xu , Zhang Guohua , Wang Xiaolong
Published: October 2022

Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE), which can lead to neuroinflammation, is an increasing risk factor for depression disorder, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Recent observations have revealed the associations among psychiatric disorders, ethanol exposure and alterations of the gut microbiota. Here, we found that CEE induced depressive-like behavior, which could be alleviated by probiotics and transferred from donor to recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Neuroinflammation and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were also observed in recipient mice. The downregulation of NLRP3 in the hippocampus mitigated CEE-induced depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation but had no significant effect on FMT recipient mice. Moreover, elevated serum inflammatory factors in recipient mice showed a significant mediation effect between the gut microbiota and depressive-like behavior. Together, our study findings indicate that the gut microbiota contributes to both hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior induced by CEE, which may open avenues for potential interventions against CEE-associated psychiatric disorders.
Synergistic catalysis for the synthesis of semiconducting polymers
Authors: Luscombe C. K. , Phan S. , Sanskriti I.
Published: October 2022

Organic semiconductors have received much interest over the past few decades. As the field has progressed, so has the complexity of the molecular structures of organic semiconductors. Often, the highest-performing organic semiconductors (i.e., those with the highest charge mobility or those that provide the highest power conversion efficiencies in organic photovoltaics) involve complex syntheses, making them very challenging to synthesize, even by experienced synthetic chemists. In this focused review, we report on recent efforts in developing more efficient synthetic pathways. Specifically, the concept of synergistic catalysis, which involves the use of two or more catalysts with orthogonal reactivity to enable reactions that are not possible with the use of a single catalyst, is introduced. Synergistic catalysis allows for controlled polymerizations, room-temperature reactions, and/or polymerizations with greater regioselectivity, opening the door to more time-, labor-, cost-, and energy-saving methods for synthesizing semiconducting polymers.
Function of bidirectional sensitivity in the otolith organs established by transcription factor Emx2
Authors: Ji Young Rae , Tona Yosuke , Wafa Talah , Christman Matthew E. , Tourney Edward D. , Jiang Tao , Ohta Sho , Cheng Hui , Fitzgerald Tracy , Fritzsch Bernd , Jones Sherri M. , Cullen Kathleen E. , Wu Doris K.
Published: October 2022

Otolith organs of the inner ear are innervated by two parallel afferent projections to the brainstem and cerebellum. These innervations were proposed to segregate across the line of polarity reversal (LPR) within each otolith organ, which divides the organ into two regions of hair cells (HC) with opposite stereociliary orientation. The relationship and functional significance of these anatomical features are not known. Here, we show regional expression of Emx2 in otolith organs, which establishes LPR, mediates the neuronal segregation across LPR and constitutes the bidirectional sensitivity function. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Emx2 in HCs lacks LPR. Tmie cKO, in which mechanotransduction was abolished selectively in HCs within the Emx2 expression domain also lacks bidirectional sensitivity. Analyses of both mutants indicate that LPR is specifically required for mice to swim comfortably and to traverse a balance beam efficiently, but LPR is not required for mice to stay on a rotating rod.
Microglial debris is cleared by astrocytes via C4b-facilitated phagocytosis and degraded via RUBICON-dependent noncanonical autophagy in mice
Authors: Zhou Tian , Li Yuxin , Li Xiaoyu , Zeng Fanzhuo , Rao Yanxia , He Yang , Wang Yafei , Liu Meizhen , Li Dali , Xu Zhen , Zhou Xin , Du Siling , Niu Fugui , Peng Jiyun , Mei Xifan , Ji Sheng-Jian , Shu Yousheng , Lu Wei , Guo Feifan , Wu Tianzhun , Yuan Ti-Fei , Mao Ying , Peng Bo
Published: October 2022

Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that undergo turnover throughout the lifespan. If microglial debris is not removed in a timely manner, accumulated debris may influence CNS function. Clearance of microglial debris is crucial for CNS homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We here investigate how dead microglia are removed. We find that although microglia can phagocytose microglial debris in vitro, the territory-dependent competition hinders the microglia-to-microglial debris engulfment in vivo. In contrast, microglial debris is mainly phagocytosed by astrocytes in the brain, facilitated by C4b opsonization. The engulfed microglial fragments are then degraded in astrocytes via RUBICON-dependent LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a form of noncanonical autophagy. Interference with C4b-mediated engulfment and subsequent LAP disrupt the removal and degradation of microglial debris, respectively. Together, we elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of microglial debris removal in mice, extending the knowledge on the maintenance of CNS homeostasis.
Tomographic detection of photon pairs produced from high-energy X-rays for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing
Authors: Lyu Qihui , Neph Ryan , Sheng Ke
Published: October 2022

Measuring the radiation dose reaching a patient’s body is difficult. Here we report a technique for the tomographic reconstruction of the location of photon pairs originating from the annihilation of positron–electron pairs produced by high-energy X-rays travelling through tissue. We used Monte Carlo simulations on pre-recorded data from tissue-mimicking phantoms and from a patient with a brain tumour to show the feasibility of this imaging modality, which we named ‘pair-production tomography’, for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing. We simulated three image-reconstruction methods, one applicable to a pencil X-ray beam scanning through a region of interest, and two applicable to the excitation of tissue volumes via broad beams (with temporal resolution sufficient to identify coincident photon pairs via filtered back projection, or with higher temporal resolution sufficient for the estimation of a photon’s time-of-flight). In addition to the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing, we show that image contrast resulting from pair-production tomography is highly proportional to the material’s atomic number. The technique may thus also allow for element mapping and for soft-tissue differentiation.
Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Tockhorn Philipp , Sutter Johannes , Cruz Alexandros , Wagner Philipp , Jäger Klaus , Yoo Danbi , Lang Felix , Grischek Max , Li Bor , Li Jinzhao , Shargaieva Oleksandra , Unger Eva , Al-Ashouri Amran , Köhnen Eike , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter , Schlatmann Rutger , Rech Bernd , Stannowski Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Becker Christiane
Published: October 2022

Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells offer the possibility of overcoming the power conversion efficiency limit of conventional silicon solar cells. Various textured tandem devices have been presented aiming at improved optical performance, but optimizing film growth on surface-textured wafers remains challenging. Here we present perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells with periodic nanotextures that offer various advantages without compromising the material quality of solution-processed perovskite layers. We show a reduction in reflection losses in comparison to planar tandems, with the new devices being less sensitive to deviations from optimum layer thicknesses. The nanotextures also enable a greatly increased fabrication yield from 50% to 95%. Moreover, the open-circuit voltage is improved by 15 mV due to the enhanced optoelectronic properties of the perovskite top cell. Our optically advanced rear reflector with a dielectric buffer layer results in reduced parasitic absorption at near-infrared wavelengths. As a result, we demonstrate a certified power conversion efficiency of 29.80%.
Integrated photodetectors for compact Fourier-transform waveguide spectrometers
Authors: Grotevent Matthias J. , Yakunin Sergii , Bachmann Dominik , Romero Carolina , Vázquez de Aldana Javier R. , Madi Matteo , Calame Michel , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Shorubalko Ivan
Published: October 2022

Extreme miniaturization of infrared spectrometers is critical for their integration into next-generation consumer electronics, wearables and ultrasmall satellites. In the infrared, there is a necessary compromise between high spectral bandwidth and high spectral resolution when miniaturizing dispersive elements, narrow band-pass filters and reconstructive spectrometers. Fourier-transform spectrometers are known for their large bandwidth and high spectral resolution in the infrared; however, they have not been fully miniaturized. Waveguide-based Fourier-transform spectrometers offer a low device footprint, but rely on an external imaging sensor such as bulky and expensive InGaAs cameras. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-concept miniaturized Fourier-transform waveguide spectrometer that incorporates a subwavelength and complementary-metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible colloidal quantum dot photodetector as a light sensor. The resulting spectrometer exhibits a large spectral bandwidth and moderate spectral resolution of 50 cm−1 at a total active spectrometer volume below 100 μm × 100 μm × 100 μm. This ultracompact spectrometer design allows the integration of optical/analytical measurement instruments into consumer electronics and space devices.
Multiomics study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Ulfarsson Magnus O. , Thorolfsdottir Rosa B. , Jonsson Benedikt A. , Einarsson Eythor , Gunnlaugsson Gylfi , Rognvaldsson Solvi , Arnar David O. , Baldvinsson Magnus , Bjarnason Ragnar G. ,   DBDS Genomic consortium, Eiriksdottir Thjodbjorg , Erikstrup Christian , Ferkingstad Egil , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Helgason Hannes , Helgadottir Anna , Hindhede Lotte , Hjorleifsson Grimur , Jones David , Knowlton Kirk U. , Lund Sigrun H. , Melsted Pall , Norland Kristjan , Olafsson Isleifur , Olafsson Sigurdur , Oskarsson Gudjon R. , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Snaebjarnarson Auðunn S. , Sigurdsson Emil , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Schwinn Michael , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Bundgaard Henning , Nadauld Lincoln , Bjornsson Einar S. , Rulifson Ingrid C. , Rafnar Thorunn , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari
Published: October 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and its sequelae are growing health problems. We performed a genome-wide association study of NAFL, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and integrated the findings with expression and proteomic data. For NAFL, we utilized 9,491 clinical cases and proton density fat fraction extracted from 36,116 liver magnetic resonance images. We identified 18 sequence variants associated with NAFL and 4 with cirrhosis, and found rare, protective, predicted loss-of-function variants inMTARC1andGPAM, underscoring them as potential drug targets. We leveraged messenger RNA expression, splicing and predicted coding effects to identify 16 putative causal genes, of which many are implicated in lipid metabolism. We analyzed levels of 4,907 plasma proteins in 35,559 Icelanders and 1,459 proteins in 47,151 UK Biobank participants, identifying multiple proteins involved in disease pathogenesis. We show that proteomics can discriminate between NAFL and cirrhosis. The present study provides insights into the development of noninvasive evaluation of NAFL and new therapeutic options.
Signal strength of STING activation determines cytokine plasticity and cell death in human monocytes
Authors: Kabelitz Dieter , Zarobkiewicz Michal , Heib Michelle , Serrano Ruben , Kunz Monika , Chitadze Guranda , Adam Dieter , Peters Christian
Published: October 2022

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a cytosolic sensor of microbial and host-derived DNA and plays a key role in innate immunity. Activation of STING by cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) ligands in human monocytes induces a type I interferon response and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the induction of massive cell death. In this study we have re-evaluated the effect of signal strength of STING activation on the cytokine plasticity of human monocytes. CDN (2′3′c-GAMP) and non-CDN (diABZI, MSA-2) STING ligands in the range of EC50 concentrations (15 μM 2′3′c-GAMP, 100 nM diABZI, 25 μM MSA-2) induced IFN-β, IP-10, and large amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α, but no IL-10 or IL-19. Interestingly, LPS-induced production of IL-10 and IL-19 was abolished in the presence of diABZI or MSA-2, whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were not inhibited. Surprisingly, we observed that tenfold lower (MSA-2, i.e. 2.5 μM) or 100-fold lower (diABZI, i.e. 1 nM) concentrations strongly stimulated secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-19, but little of IL-1β and TNF-α. Induction of IL-10 was associated with up-regulation of PRDM1 (Blimp-1). While cytokine secretion stimulated by the higher concentrations was accompanied by apoptosis as shown by cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1, the low concentrations did not trigger overt cell death yet induced cleavage of gasdermin-D. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized plasticity of human monocytes in their signal strength-dependent production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines upon STING activation.
Genetic polymorphism in BIN1 rather than APOE is associated with poor recognition memory among men without dementia
Authors: Mehta Kanika , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Pasco Julie A. , Williams Lana J. , Walder Ken , Ng Boon Lung , Gupta Veer Bala
Published: October 2022

Although several genetic polymorphisms have been linked with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, less is known about their impact on cognitive performance among cognitively healthy individuals. Our aim was to investigate the association of the genetic variant, rs744373 in the bridging integrator 1 gene (BIN1), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease after the APOE ε4 allele, with different cognitive domains among non-demented older men. Cognitive function was measured using the CogState Brief Battery, which assessed cognitive performance across four domains: psychomotor function, visual attention, recognition memory and working memory. Linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with the BIN1 risk allele performed poorly on the recognition memory task as compared to those without the risk allele. However, this was in contrast with the individuals who harboured the APOE ε4 risk allele as they displayed better performance on the recognition task in comparison to those without the ε4 risk allele. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates genetic variation in BIN1 to be a better predictor of recognition memory than APOE, which remains the biggest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
Cytogenetic and molecular insight into the genetic background of disorders of sex development in seventeen cats
Authors: Stachowiak Monika , Szczerbal Izabela , Nowacka-Woszuk Joanna , Nowak Tomasz , Sowinska Natalia , Lukomska Anna , Gogulski Maciej , Badura Malgorzata , Sklorz-Mencel Karolina , Jagodka Dariusz , Nizanski Wojciech , Dzimira Stanislaw , Switonski Marek
Published: October 2022

The genetic background of feline disorders of sex development (DSDs) is poorly understood. We performed comprehensive cytogenetic, molecular, and histological studies of 17 cats with abnormal external genitalia, unusual behavior, or tricolor coats (atypical in males). The DSD phenotype of three cats was associated with sex chromosome abnormalities: X/Y translocation (38,XXSRY+), 37,X/38,XY mosaicism, and XX/XY leukocyte chimerism. The remaining 14 affected cats were classified as XY DSD (SRY-positive). In this group and 38 normal males, we analyzed a priori selected candidate genes (SRY, TAC3, CYP11B1 and LHCGR). Only a previously reported nonpathogenic variant was found in SRY. Moreover, SRY gene copy number was determined, and three variants were observed: 6, 5 (modal), and 4 copies in a single DSD case. The known variants in TAC3 and CYP11B1, responsible for testicular hypoplasia, persistent primary dentition or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, were not found in the study group. Nine novel polymorphisms were identified in the LHCGR gene, one of which, a potentially regulatory indel variant in 5′UTR, was significantly associated (p = 0.0467) with XY DSD. Our report confirmed that abnormalities of sex chromosomes are important causes of feline DSDs. We also showed that the indel variant of LHCGR can be considered a promising marker associated with XY DSD phenotype.
Heterologously secreted MbxA from Moraxella bovis induces a membrane blebbing response of the human host cell
Authors: Erenburg Isabelle N. , Hänsch Sebastian , Chacko Feby M. , Hamacher Anna , Wintgens Sebastian , Stuhldreier Fabian , Poschmann Gereon , Spitz Olivia , Stühler Kai , Wesselborg Sebastian , Hegemann Johannes H. , Smits Sander H. J. , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Schmitt Lutz
Published: October 2022

Many proteins of the Repeats in Toxins (RTX) protein family are toxins of Gram-negative pathogens including hemolysin A (HlyA) of uropathogenicE. coli. RTX proteins are secreted via Type I secretion systems (T1SS) and adopt their native conformation in the Ca2+-rich extracellular environment. Here we employed theE. coliHlyA T1SS as a heterologous surrogate system for the RTX toxin MbxA from the bovine pathogenMoraxella bovis. InE. colithe HlyA system successfully activates the heterologous MbxA substrate by acylation and secretes the precursor proMbxA and active MbxA allowing purification of both species in quantities sufficient for a variety of investigations. The activatingE. coliacyltransferase HlyC recognizes the acylation sites in MbxA, but unexpectedly in a different acylation pattern as for its endogenous substrate HlyA. HlyC-activated MbxA shows host species-independent activity including a so-far unknown toxicity against human lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Using live-cell imaging, we show an immediate MbxA-mediated permeabilization and a rapidly developing blebbing of the plasma membrane in epithelial cells, which is associated with immediate cell death.
Induced pluripotent stem cells of endangered avian species
Authors: Katayama Masafumi , Fukuda Tomokazu , Kaneko Takehito , Nakagawa Yuki , Tajima Atsushi , Naito Mitsuru , Ohmaki Hitomi , Endo Daiji , Asano Makoto , Nagamine Takashi , Nakaya Yumiko , Saito Keisuke , Watanabe Yukiko , Tani Tetsuya , Inoue-Murayama Miho , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Onuma Manabu
Published: October 2022

The number of endangered avian-related species increase in Japan recently. The application of new technologies, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), may contribute to the recovery of the decreasing numbers of endangered animals and conservation of genetic resources. We established novel iPSCs from three endangered avian species (Okinawa rail, Japanese ptarmigan, and Blakiston’s fish owl) with seven reprogramming factors (M3O, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, and Klf2). The iPSCs are pluripotency markers and express pluripotency-related genes and differentiated into three germ layers in vivo and in vitro. These three endangered avian iPSCs displayed different cellular characteristics even though the same reprogramming factors use. Japanese ptarmigan-derived iPSCs have different biological characteristics from those observed in other avian-derived iPSCs. Japanese ptarmigan iPSCs contributed to chimeras part in chicken embryos. To the best of our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence of the potential value of iPSCs as a resource for endangered avian species conservation.
Sensitive electrochemical detection of metabisulphite in gastrointestinal fluids
Authors: Durairaj Sharmila , Guo Qian , Wang Qi , Chen Aicheng
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical detection of metabisulphite in simulated gastrointestinal fluids.
Human endonuclease III/NTH1: focusing on the [4Fe–4S] cluster and the N-terminal domain
Authors: Moe Elin , Silveira Célia M. , Zuccarello Lidia , Rollo Filipe , Stelter Meike , De Bonis Salvatore , Kulka-Peschke Catharina , Katz Sagie , Hildebrandt Peter , Zebger Ingo , Timmins Joanna , Todorovic Smilja
Published: October 2022

Full length and truncated human Endonuclease III/hNTH1 possess distinct conformations, redox properties and interactions with the damaged DNA substrate.
Substrate-controlled product divergence in the reaction of α-fluoro-β-ketoamides with arynes
Authors: Chandrasekharan Sanoop P. , Vaishanv Narendra Kumar , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor
Published: October 2022

An interesting substrate-controlled reactivity switch has been observed in the reaction of α-fluoro-β-ketoamides with arynes leading to the synthesis of two types of α-aryl-α-fluoroacetamides.
Perovskite chemical gardens: highly fluorescent microtubes from self-assembly and ion exchange
Authors: Batista Bruno C. , Steinbock Oliver
Published: October 2022

We report the shape-preserving conversion of self-assembled CaCO3 microtubes to PbCO3 and MAPbBr3 perovskite.
Revealing uncommon transport in the previously unascertained very low cation clathrate-I Eu2Ga11Sn35
Authors: Gunatilleke Wilarachchige D. C. B. , Wong-Ng Winnie , Zavalij Peter Y. , Zhang Mingjian , Chen Yu-Sheng , Nolas George S.
Published: October 2022

We report on the structure and electrical transport of single-crystal Eu2Ga11Sn35, the sole example of a very low cation concentration clathrate-I composition with atypical transport directly attributable to the structure and stoichiometry.
Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water by porosity induction
Authors: Vishwakarma Gaurav , Malla Bijesh K. , Methikkalam Rabin Rajan J. , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: October 2022

Rapid crystallization of amorphous solid water via acetonitrile diffusion–desorption induced porosity in the window of 128–134 K under ultrahigh vacuum.
Nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics of ReCl(CO)3(bpy) in two different solvents
Authors: Šrut Adam , Mai Sebastian , Sazanovich Igor V. , Heyda Jan , Vlček Antonín , González Leticia , Záliš Stanislav
Published: October 2022

Hybrid QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics of the complex ReCl(CO)3(bpy) (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine) on spin-mixed potential energy surfaces was carried out in acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide.
Cationic ligands between σ-donation and hydrogen-bridge-bond-stabilisation of ancillary ligands in coinage metal complexes with protonated carbodiphosphoranes
Authors: Maser Leon , Vogt Matthias , Langer Robert
Published: October 2022

Protonated carbodiphosphoranes are demonstrated to act as σ- or hydrogen-bridge-bond donors in a series of copper and silver complexes.
Controllable synthesis of Cu-based quantum dots/nanocrystals and application in white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Hong , Jiao Jinxu , Luo Donglian , Xiong Dehua , Gao Liang
Published: October 2022

A unique (GB)nRm layered structure is designed, which cleverly uses 310 nm ultraviolet light to excite green Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs, blue Cs3Cu2I5 NCs and red CIS/ZnS core–shell QDs to  achieve a balance of RGB colors and obtain white-LEDs.
Dinitrogen activation by a phosphido-bridged binuclear cobalt complex
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Feng Rui , Wang Gao-Xiang , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2022

The reduction of PNPCoBr under a N2 atmosphere yielded a binuclear cobalt dinitrogen anion complex via the C–P bond cleavage of the PNP ligand.
An effective strategy to produce highly amenable cellulose and enhance lignin upgrading to aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons
Authors: Vincent Sahayaraj Daniel , A Lusi , Kohler Andrew J. , Bateni Hamed , Radhakrishnan Harish , Saraeian Alireza , Shanks Brent H. , Bai Xianglan , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2022

Supercritical fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the production of lignin-derived hydrocarbons and boosts the digestibility of the cellulose-rich pulp.
SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission: a review of risk factors and possible preventative measures using air purifiers
Authors: Sheraz Mahshab , Mir Kaleem Anwar , Anus Ali , Le Van Cam Thi , Kim Seungdo , Nguyen Van Quyet , Lee Woo Ram
Published: October 2022

This critical review presents the best remedy to protect human health by efficient materials-based air filters that can be used to air-purify and kill the dangerous SARS-CoV-2 virus and remove the other air pollutants.
Functional regulation of polymer aerogels by graphene doping and peptide nanofiber-induced biomineralization as sustainable adsorbents of contaminants
Authors: Yang Guozheng , He Peng , Zhu Danzhu , Wan Keming , Kong Hao , Luan Xin , Fang Long , Wang Yan , Wei Gang
Published: October 2022

Graphene doping and peptide-induced biomineralization promote functional regulation of polymer aerogels with enhanced adsorption of contaminants.
Emulsification by vitamin E TPGS or Quillaja extract enhanced absorption of berberine without affecting its metabolism in humans
Authors: Yagiz Yavuz , Wang Gary P. , Gu Liwei
Published: October 2022

Berberine is widely used for the prevention of cancers and diabetes.
Ag substituted Au clusters supported on Mg-Al-hydrotalcite for highly efficient base-free aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Liu Zongyang , Tan Yuan , Li Jie , Li Xiuli , Xiao Yan , Su Juan , Chen Xingkun , Qiao Botao , Ding Yunjie
Published: October 2022

A highly active and selective Au20Ag/MgAl-300 catalyst was developed for HMF oxidation to FDCA under base-free reaction conditions using molecular oxygen as the oxidant, with high conversion of HMF (100%) and high yield of FDCA (>95%).
Online determination of mercury isotopic compositions at ultratrace levels by automated purge and trap coupled with multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Lin , Yu Ben , Liu Hongwei , Ji Xiaomeng , Xiao Cailing , Liang Yong , Hu Ligang , Yin Yongguang , Shi Jianbo , Jiang Guibin
Published: October 2022

This study reports a sensitive online method for Hg isotope analysis at ultratrace levels by automated P&T-MC-ICPMS.
Killing two birds with one stone: phosphorylation by a tabun mimic and subsequent capture of cyanide using a single fluorescent chemodosimeter
Authors: Mia Rashid , Cragg Peter J. , Fronczek Frank R. , Wallace Karl J.
Published: October 2022

In the presence of the tabun mimic diethylcyanophosphonate (DECP), a fluorescent bifunctional coumarin–enamine chemodosimeter is first phosphorylated and subsequently attacked by the released cyanide ions.
Developing visible light responsive BN/NTCDA heterojunctions with a good degradation performance for tetracycline
Authors: Guo Yong , Xu Guowei , Xu Zixuan , Guo Ying
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a series of BN/NTCDA photocatalysts have been prepared using a simple calcination method and their photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation is studied with tetracycline (TC) as the target pollutant.
Photoinduced decarboxylative 1,6-addition of para-quinone methides with α-keto acids: an eco-friendly approach to α,α′-diarylated ketones
Authors: He Chen , Zhong Yingfang , Han Huiqi , Wang Qi , Xu Lijing , Zhang Ting , Hu Yaqiong , Huang Qitong , Liu Jun , Yang Min
Published: October 2022

The photoinduced decarboxylative 1,6-addition of para-quinone methides with α-keto acids in an eco-friendly approach to α,α′-diarylated ketones is developed.
Investigation of iron release from the N- and C-lobes of human serum transferrin by quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Fındık Basak Koca , Cilesiz Umut , Bali Semiha Kevser , Atilgan Canan , Aviyente Viktorya , Dedeoglu Burcu
Published: October 2022

Cluster models of iron binding sites of the N- and C-lobes highlights the inequivalence of each lobe in iron release.
Hypervalent iodine(iii)-mediated oxidative dearomatization of 2H-indazoles towards indazolyl indazolones
Authors: Bhattacharjee Suvam , Laru Sudip , Hajra Alakananda
Published: October 2022

We accomplished a [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene mediated oxidative dearomatization of 2H-indazoles, obtaining a new family of N-1 indazolyl indazolone derivatives in good to excellent yields through C–N and C–O bond formations.
Hollow CoOX nanoparticle-embedded N-doped porous carbon as an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Yang Maomao , Ding Siyu , Shu Xinxin , Pan Wei , Zhang Jintao
Published: October 2022

The porous carbon embedded with hollow cobalt oxide nanoparticles was prepared via a spray-drying method followed by carbonization, which endows rechargeable zinc–air batteries with the improved bifunctional catalytic activity.
Advances and prospects of dynamic DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Yiling , Shi Sirong
Published: October 2022

With the rapid development of DNA nanotechnology, the emergence of stimulus-responsive dynamic DNA nanostructures (DDNs) has great potential applications in the biomedical field.
NaBiF4 upconversion nanoparticle-based electrochemiluminescent biosensor for E. coli O157 : H7 detection
Authors: Liu Danqing , Lv Xingxing , Zhao Chaoyue , Li Jiayue , Huang Jinmei , Weng Ling , He Liangcan , Liu Shaoqin
Published: October 2022

The ECL behaviors of NaBiF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ UCNPs synthesized via a fast and environment-friendly method are reported for the first time. UCNPs-based ECL biosensor shows a wide detection range with low detection limit of 138 CFU mL−1 for E. coli O157 : H7.
Visible-light-driven SAQS-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl 2-phenylhydrazinecarboxylates
Authors: Tran Van Hieu , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: October 2022

Efficient and facile aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation for the synthesis of azo compounds has been achieved via visible-light-driven reaction in the presence of sodium anthraquinone sulfonate and K2CO3.
Anionic synthesis and end-functionalization of polymyrcene in a flow microreactor system
Authors: Pérez Katia , Leveneur Sébastien , Burel Fabrice , Legros Julien , Vuluga Daniela
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of functionalized polymyrcene, from bio-based myrcene and from carbon dioxide, is performed, thanks to the unique features of microflow systems.
Superior compatibilities of a LISICON-type oxide solid electrolyte enable high energy density all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Woo Seungjun , Kang Byoungwoo
Published: October 2022

A LISICON-type oxide solid electrolyte has superior chemical/electrochemical compatibilities with high capacity Ni-rich layered oxides and Li metal. LISICON based solid-state battery via co-sintering process operates well at room temperature.
Regulation of oxygen vacancy on behaviors of memristors based on amorphous ZnTiSnO films
Authors: Li Siqin , Du Jigang , Lu Jianguo , Lu Bojing , Zhuge Fei , Yang Ruqi , Lu Yangdan , Ye Zhizhen
Published: October 2022

However, it is insufficient and oversimplified to attribute memristive performance to oxygen vacancy only.
Characteristics of Early Expressive Vocabulary in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Luo Jianfen , Xu Lei , Wang Min , Xie Dianzhao , Li Jinming , Liu Xianqi , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Rost Gwyneth , Guo Ling-Yu
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) demonstrated early lexical composition similar to their hearing peers who were at the same vocabulary level and the extent to which children with CIs were sensitive to linguistic and conceptual properties when developing early lexicon.

Method:

Participants were 77 Mandarin-speaking children with CIs who received CIs before 30 months of age. Their expressive vocabulary was documented using the Infant Checklist of the Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese 9 or 12 months after CI activation. Percent social words, common nouns, predicates (verbs, adjectives), and closed-class words in total vocabulary were computed for children at different vocabulary levels. Common nouns and verbs were further coded for their word class (noun, verb), word frequency, word length, and imageability to predict how likely a given noun or verb would be produced by children with CIs.

Results:

Like children with typical hearing, social words were the most dominant category when vocabulary size in children with CIs was smaller than 20 words; common nouns became the most dominant category when the vocabulary size reached 21 words. The difference in percent common nouns and percent predicates (i.e., noun bias) was similar in children with CIs and their hearing peers. In addition, verbs, common words, monosyllabic words, and more imageable words were more likely to be produced by children with CIs than their counterparts.

Conclusions:

Mandarin children with CIs showed language-specific patterns in early lexical composition like their hearing peers. They were able to use multiple linguistic and conceptual cues when approaching early expressive vocabulary despite perceptual and processing constraints.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357723
Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Wyrzykowski Ł. , Kruszyńska K. , Rybicki K. A. , Holl B. , Lecœur-Taïbi I. , Mowlavi N. , Nienartowicz K. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Rimoldini L. , Audard M. , Garcia-Lario P. , Gavras P. , Evans D. W. , Hodgkin S. T. , Eyer L.
Published: October 2022

Context. One of the rarest types of variability is the phenomenon of gravitational microlensing, a transient brightening of a background star due to an intervening lensing object. Microlensing is a powerful tool for studying the invisible or otherwise undetectable populations in the Milky Way, including planets and black holes.

Aims. We describe the first Gaia catalogue of candidate microlensing events, give an overview of its content, and discuss its validation.

Methods. The catalogue of Gaia microlensing events was composed by analysing the light curves of around 2 billion sources of Gaia DR3 from all over the sky covering 34 months, between 2014 and 2017.

Results. We present 363 Gaia microlensing events and discuss their properties. Of these, 90 have never been reported before and have not been discovered by other surveys. The contamination of the catalogue is assessed to 0.6%–1.7%.
Selective ultrashort laser annealing of amorphous Ge/Si multilayer stacks
Authors: Bulgakova Nadezhda M. , Volodin Vladimir A. , Cheng Yuzhu , Levy Yoann , Beránek Jiří , Nagisetty Siva S. , Zukerstein Martin , Popov Alexander A. , Bulgakov Alexander V.
Published: October 2022

We report on single-short laser crystallization of Ge/Si multilayer stacks consisting of alternating amorphous nanosized films of silicon and germanium using near- and mid-infrared femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The phase composition of the irradiated stacks was investigated by the Raman scattering technique. Several non-ablative regimes of crystallization were found, from partial crystallization of germanium without intermixing the Ge/Si layers to complete intermixing of the layers with formation of GexSi1-x solid alloys. The roles of one- and two-photon absorption, thermal and non-thermal (ultrafast) melting processes, and laser-induced stresses in selective pico- and femtosecond laser annealing are analysed based on theoretical estimations and comparison with experimental data. It is concluded that, due to a mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between the adjacent stack layers, efficient explosive solid-phase crystallization of the Ge layers is possible at relatively low temperatures, well below the melting point. The possibility of ultrafast non-thermal phase transition in germanium in the studied regimes is also discussed.
Numerical investigation on NACA0012 airfoil with tubercular structure
Authors: Açıkel Halil Hakan , Tosun Melike , Genç Mustafa Serdar , Koca Kemal
Published: October 2022

Humpback whales have very special fins, which reduce the friction force by the projections on the fins and enhance the lift force with increasing angle of attack. Thus, it has opportunity to move with less energy. In this study, the tubular structure was formed and adapted to the NACA0012 airfoil profile. Numerical modelling of tubercle wing was performed in ANSYS FLUENT. In numerical modelling, k-ω SST and Transition SST turbulence models were used to investigate tubercle wing performance. The tubercle structure on the wing provided to canalize the flow in the tubercle cavities, thus flow separation decreased. Consequently, it was observed that the aerodynamic performance of the wing increased when the sinusoidal protrusions known as tubercle structure were applied to the leading edge of the wing.
Numerical simulation of fuel spraying into an industrial object
Authors: Betak Vojtech
Published: October 2022

Numerical simulation of fuel spraying into industrial objects is described in this paper. This spatter may be caused by a vehicle or storage tank accident. Prediction of fuel spill is the main aim of simulations that allow predicting possible sources of secondary fires. Numerical simulations are based on the solution of the system of Navier-Stokes equations complemented by the solution of Lagrangian spray cloud and thin fluid film. The simulation results will help to identify better fire prevention and other preventive measures to minimize fire damage.
A Preliminary Study On The Inclination And Shape Of Jets Issuing From An Orifice In The Lateral Wall Of A Pipe
Authors: Ferrari Simone , Salvadori Luca , Garau Michela , Querzoli Giorgio
Published: October 2022

The topic of the behaviour of jets issuing from an orifice in the lateral wall of a pipe is of interest in many engineering fields, such as sea discharges of pollutants via submerged pipes, diffusers to mix different fluids in tanks and reactors, leakage in industrial and civil pipelines, etc. Most of the previous researches focuses on the pressure loss across the orifice, without taking into account the modification of the internal flow and, most important, the direction and shape of the jet issuing from the outlet: as a matter of fact, this is usually considered perpendicular to the axis of the pipe and axisymmetric. We have investigated these issues in the laboratory via Digital Image Analysis techniques, namely LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) to measure concentration fields and FTV (Feature Tracking Velocimetry) to measure velocity fields, varying the ratio of the flow rate of the jet to the flow rate in the pipe before the orifice. Here we present some preliminary results, highlighting how the jet is not always perpendicular to the axis of the pipe nor axisymmetric: the inclination increases and the axisymmetry decreases when the ratio of the flow rates above described decreases.
Dispersion of immiscible liquid-liquid system in a vessel agitated by a Sawtooth impeller: drop size time evolution
Authors: Formánek Roman , Šulc Radek , Chára Zdeněk
Published: October 2022

Mixing of immiscible liquid-liquid system is the crucial process for many branches of industry. The main purpose of this process is to increase mass transfer efficiency in processes occurring in chemical and metallurgical industry. The knowledge of drop size and surface area of drops is important for the determination of mass transfer time. The aim of this contribution is to study drop size time evolution in immiscible liquid-liquid system agitated by high-shear Sawtooth impeller in baffled cylindrical vessel. The drop size evaluation was investigated in three different regions of interest. The time evolution of drop size was described by the kinetic model proposed by Hong and Lee (1983) for each region of interest. Simultaneously, the drop size distribution (DSD) was determined and compared for each regions of interest. The time evolution of drop sizes was investigated by non-invasive measurement directly in control volume. The images of illuminated region of interest were captured by a high-speed camera. The captured images were processed by the Image Analysis method.
Experimental investigation on effect of partial flexibility at low aspect ratio airfoil – Part I: Installation on suction surface
Authors: Genç Mustafa Serdar , Açıkel Halil Hakan , Koca Kemal
Published: October 2022

Effects of flexible membrane mounted over suction surface of NACA 4412 airfoil were experimentally investigated at Reynolds number of 5x104 and low aspect ratio (AR=1) in this paper. The smoke-wire visualization method has been performed for flow visualization to demonstrate flow phenomena as laminar separation bubble (LSB), leading edge separation at z/c=0.4 and tip vortices at z/c=0.1. Values of velocity, Reynolds stress and turbulence statistics were measured by means of a constant temperature anemometer (CTA) system. Results of smoke-wire experiment revealed that size and height of LSB formed along z/c=0.4 at lower angles of attack such as α=8° was mitigated. Moreover, stall phenomenon as a result of boundary layer separation was apparently postponed at higher angles of attack. Velocity value was increased, whereas values of Reynold stress and turbulent kinetic energy was decreased with reduction of amount of fluctuations in flow. Consequently, using flexible membrane over suction surface of airfoil allowed the LSB to be mitigated or extinguished, resulting in exhibition of more stable flow characteristics.
Correction of self-illumination for pressure and temperature sensitive paints
Authors: Gobyzov Oleg , Rabetskiy Artyom , Bilskiy Artur
Published: October 2022

The present work reports self-illumination correction procedure and results of its experimental testing on a simple model. In the procedure reflectivity value is assessed directly from the set of model images captured at wind-off conditions with different reflecting surfaces covered or removed. The paper covers the theoretical part of the problem and describes exact implementation of a processing sequence, which included image mapping on a 3-D surface, building a mesh of surface elements, evaluation of radiative exchange between elements and calculation of the corrected brightness map.
Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics for various slot diffusers
Authors: Karch Michał , Borowski Marek , Rzeszut Wojciech , Jaszczur Marek
Published: October 2022

The airflow in the room or any space has a significant impact on the proper operation of the entire ventilation system. An appropriate field of air velocity flowing through the entire room allows for climate comfort. That is why it is so important proper selection as well as proper arrangement for the air-supply and air-exhaust elements in the ventilation system. This research study presents an isothermal air stream flowing from two different slot diffusers. The supply airstream was analysed at various volumetric flow rates and the velocity of the supply air stream was measured in accordance with the PN-EN 12238: 2002 standard. In order to evaluate the optimal measuring points and to create an appropriate grid, before starting the experimental measurement smoke tests were carried out which determine the scope and shape of the supply stream. All experimental measurements were performed up-to the location where the supply air stream reaches the limiting speed of 0.2 m/s. As a result of the analysis, the obtained characteristics of two types of slot diffusers were discussed and compared.
Experimental investigation on effect of partial flexibility at low aspect ratio airfoil - Part II: Installation both on suction and pressure surface
Authors: Koca Kemal , Genç Mustafa Serdar , Açıkel Halil Hakan
Published: October 2022

In this experimental study, flow over NACA 4412 airfoil with flexible membrane mounted both on suction surface and pressure surface was investigated at Reynolds number of 5x104and different angles of attack. The smoke-wire visualization method was used for flow visualization to demonstrate flow phenomena as laminar separation bubble (LSB), leading edge separation and tip vortices. A constant temperature anemometer (CTA) was used for measuring flow over the partially flexible airfoil. Concerning the flow visualization, smoke-wire experiment was been conducted at z/c=0.1 and z/c=0.4. Besides, hot-wire experiment by means of CTA was employed to measure flow properties including values of velocity, turbulence statistics and Reynold stress over both uncontrolled and controlled airfoil. The results showed that partially flexible airfoil had several benefits compared with the uncontrolled airfoil. The results for this partially flexible airfoil were mainly lower size of LSB, higher stall angle of attack, ensuring more stable flow characteristics and more aerodynamic performance.
The flow of micrometre-sized glass fibres in a replica of the human trachea
Authors: Lizal Frantisek , Maly Milan , Cabalka Matous , Lizalova Sujanska Elena , Farkas Arpad , Starha Pavel , Kedajova Kristyna , Misik Ondrej , Pech Ondrej , Jedelsky Jan , Jicha Miroslav
Published: October 2022

Inhaled fibres can potentially cause inflammation of the lung tissue and interstitium which, after long-term exposure, may lead to lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma or pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. For risk reduction and correct setting of occupational hygiene regulations, it is important to be able to precisely calculate the fate of inhaled fibres depending on their physical characteristics and inhalation conditions. As there is a lack of experimental data on the orientation of fibres, a new test rig has been assembled for visualization and recording of flowing fibres in a replica of the human trachea. Fibres prepared from regular glass fibres produced commercially for blown thermal insulation have been processed, dispersed and introduced into the glass tube with dimensions of the trachea. Visualization was performed using a powerful LED light and a high-speed camera. Angles of the fibres have been evaluated for six different flowrates and the dependence of the angles on the flow Reynolds number was searched for. The angles of fibres agreed with expected values, i.e. only vertically and horizontally oriented fibres were recorded. However, the number of vertically and horizontally oriented fibres did not seem to be correlated with the flow Reynolds number.
Inducer with Variable Pitch
Authors: Marcalík Patrik , Zavadil Lukáš , Kozubková Milada , Jablonská Jana
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with CFD incorporation in a process of designing inducer with variable pitch. The introductory part is devoted to the theory of centrifugal pumps, cavitation and inducer itself followed by a description of the mathematical models of turbulence, multiphase fluid and cavitation. The main part of this paper consists of CFD evaluation, first, of inducer itself, later in application with centrifugal pump with regards to cavitation properties with and without the aplication of inducer, for interest, the comparison with different type of inducer, with constatnt pitch, is also included. At the end of this paper the advantages and some disadvantages are given for CFD based design of the hydrodynamic machines.