bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Productive and Morpholgical traits of Goat Kids in different Ecozones of Rolpa district
Authors: Azad MH , Dahal M , Ali MS
Published: July 2023

Goat is a domesticated small ruminant, reared by small farmers across the country primarily for meat production. Productivity of goat is often low, which could be related to several genetic and non-genetic factors. A field study was carried out to characterize, evaluate and estimate the effect of non-genetic factors on the hill goat kids during December, 2015 to August 2016 in different eco-zones of Rolpa district, mid-west Nepal. Altogether150 goat kids were selected for this study. Morphological attributes productive performances based on field monitoring and measurements within different altitudes of Rolpa were collected. Least square analysis was performed using Harvey (1990) computer software package, and means were compared using DMRT. The mean body weight of goat kids at birth, pre-weaning, weaning at 5 months’ age were 2.62, 6.34, 10.15 and 13.87 kg respectively. Birth weight of kids significantly differed with respect to altitude(P<0.01). Coat colour (P<0.05) of does and parity (P<0.001) of dams. Similarly, kidding rates of does significantly differed (P<0.05) with respect to colour and altitude. Body weight of the kid at weaning were significantly (P<0.05)correlated to body length, heart girth and wither height. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the performance of low altitude goat flocks was better than mid and high altitude goat flocks in Rolpa district in terms of production and reproduction traits. The selection of the best performing kids for higher weight gain could be done on the basis of both birth and weaning weights. This result could be attributed to superior genotype along with better management practices adopted by the farmers in Rolpa district.
Molecular Detection of Anaplasma in Cattle of Morang, Rupandehi and Surkhet districts of Nepal
Authors: Pathak CR , Pandey G , Acharya MP , Pandey YR , Hamal P , Khanal P , Luitel H
Published: July 2023

Anaplasma, a vector transmitted rickettial parasite, infects blood cells of bovine causing asymptomatic to clinical bovine anaplasmosis. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Anaplasma sp. in blood samples of dairy cattle in Morang, Rupandehi, and Surkhet districts of Nepal and to determine the risk factors and biochemical alterations of the respective animal. In total, 120 blood samples (40 from each district) were randomly collected from dairy cattle. The blood smears were prepared and fixed with 10% methanol on the field, and fresh blood was collected in EDTA tubes for molecular analysis and in clot activating tubes to yield serum for biochemical tests. 9 (7.5%) blood samples had produced the 577 base pairs of DNA fragments specific for the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma sp. by PCR amplification. 5 (4.16%) blood samples in the smear were found positive by microscopic examination. Serum biochemical profile was not different between Anaplasma sp. positive cattle and negative cattle (p > 0.05). The prevalence rate between Jersey and Holstein Friesian crossbred was also not different (p>0.05). There was a higher prevalence among cattle aged more than 2 years compared to cattle less than 2 years (p<0.05) indicating older cattle were more susceptible to the Anaplasma infection. In conclusion, serum biochemical alterations and risk factors should be considered in order to achieve prognosis and initiation of an appropriate therapeutic regimen for a favorable outcome of the tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases along with molecular detection for improved detection.
Prevalence of Fish Tapeworm – Diphyllobothrium latum in Commercial Fish Farms of Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Devkota S , Subedi A , Singh DK , Ghimire RP
Published: July 2023

Diphyllobothrium latum, commonly known as “fish- tapeworm”, has a zoonotic importance as it causes Diphyllobothriasis in humans. Fish, one of the highly consumed meat sources by human, also acts as second intermediate host for D. latum. There are several reports indicating consumption of D. latum infested poorly cooked fish causing Diphyllobothriasis in human. Thus, D. latum in fish can be considered as a major risk factor for Diphyllobothriasis in humans. Despite being a public health concern, no scientific data regarding the prevalence of D. latum in fish population of commercial fish farms of Nepal exists. The objective of this study was to bridge this knowledge gap by estimating the prevalence of D. latum in commercial fish farms of Chitwan district of Nepal. The study was conducted in six municipalities of Chitwan, Nepal. Out of 46 registered fish farms of Chitwan district, 42 farms were sampled in this study. The fish sampled from each farm were brought to the Histology laboratory of Department of Aquatic Resource Management of Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal maintaining cold chain system and were dissected for feces collection. For qualitative parasitological examination of feces, sedimentation and centrifugal flotation method were used. Out of 42 farms sampled, 16 (38.10%) fish farms were found positive for presence of any kind of gastrointestinal parasites. Out 42 commercial fish farms examined, 9 (21.4%) farms were found positive for D. latum. Besides, D. latum fish farms were also found positive for Contracaecum sp. (19%), Coccidia (11.9%) and Eustrongyloides (2.4%). This research indicated that the prevalence of D. latum was more than 20% in commercial fish farms of Chitwan district showing possibility of zoonotic transmission to human population. Management practices of fish farmers must include ways to prevent D. latum infestation in fish population. Moreover, general public should be made aware about prevalence of D. latum in fish and its possible risk to human health along with its preventive measures for safe fish consumption.
Study on Management Status and Disease aspects of Pheasant (Phasianus colhicus) of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Poudel M , Karna MK , Gompo TR
Published: July 2023

Even though Nepal has several wild pheasant species, captive pheasant rearing for human consumption is a relatively new farming practice in Nepal. Pheasant farming is a growing practice among Nepalese farmers. However, farmers lack understanding and background in pheasant management techniques and associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution, location, management status, and disease characteristics of commercial pheasant farming in the Kathmandu valley. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley and the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), from July to September 2021. The case records from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed at CVL and the farms were mapped based on their locations. The top ten pheasant diseases reported in CVL were identified and the disease outbreak farms were followed to get additional information on management aspects. A total of 42 pheasant farms were visited to collect data, and dead birds from these pheasant farms were submitted to CVL for postmortem and bacterial culture. MS-EXCEL and the online software “Open Epi” were used for statistical analysis. Sixty percent of the surveyed farms exclusively raised pheasants, while 40 percent practiced mixed farming. The source of hatching eggs was from abroad (12%), local breeding center (70%) and inter-district farms (18%). Ninety percent of the farms practiced some extent of biosecurity such as clothes changes and visitors log maintained. The temporal analysis identified that pheasant mortality was highest in July, followed by June and August. Of the total cases reported in retrospective study urolithiasis was responsible for 20.27 percent of deaths, Newcastle disease and Mycotoxicosis each were responsible for 13.51 percent of deaths of birds. Though urolithiasis is one of the leading causes of death there was no significant statistical associations (p>0.05) with ages and the flock size. The study collected the baseline data on management practices and disease distributions among the commercial pheasant farming in Kathmandu valley. We suggest, further studies on morbidity, mortality, seasonal stress, and economic aspects of commercial pheasant farming. Prior knowledge and expertise on management and health aspects related to farming is needed for sustainable pheasant farming in Nepal.
Sugarcane Derived Polyphenol Feed Additive Supplemented to the Wheat Diet Improved Broiler Performance
Authors: Sekh N , Oshea C
Published: July 2023

This study examined effects of incremental levels of sugarcane derived polyphenol on most commonly used cereals in the poultry feed industry; wheat and maize. Both cereals rapidly digestible starch, which is usually digested completely than protein itself whereas polyphenol slows down glucose absorption in rat without compromising feed intake. Polyphenol may enhance depositing of muscle in broilers due to synchronous availability of the plasma glucose and amino acid. In this experiment, 240 Ross 308 male broilers (5 birds/cage; n=6) were given 8 different diets, wheat and maize; without or with polyphenol inclusion level at 0.5%, 2% and 4% respectively. Feeds were given ad-libitum in 2 phases as grower (day 11-24) and finisher (day 24-38). Parameters assessed were body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), drip loss%, shear force and meat color. Birds were euthanized at day 38 for meat quality inspection using Pectoralis muscle. The research revealed that 2% polyphenol in wheat diets significantly reduced ADFI (day 24-38) as compared to unsupplemented wheat diets (p<0.0001). At the same level, polyphenol numerically improved FCR (day 24-38) in broilers fed wheat diets (FCR 1.93) and maize diets (FCR 1.63) as compared to unsupplemented wheat diets (FCR 1.98) and maize diets (FCR 1.70) respectively. However, 4% polyphenol inclusion level had adverse effect on BW (day 17 and 38) and ADG (day 10-38, day 24-38) in broilers fed wheat diets as compared to unsupplemented wheat diets. On other hand, maize diets supplemented with different level of polyphenol did not have any significant effect on BW, ADG, ADFI and FCR in broilers as compared to unsupplemented maize diets. Also, there was significantly higher ADFI (day 24-38) in broilers fed wheat diets as compared to maize diets (p<0.0001). Regarding meat qualities, there were not any effect of polyphenol on drip loss%, shear force and meat color. However, cereal type itself had significant effect on meat color appearance as maize fed broilers had more yellowness value of meat (b*; p<0.0001) than broilers fed wheat diets. In conclusion, polyphenol supplementation found to be useful for broilers mainly on wheat diets at 2% inclusion level.
A Retrospective Study of Parvovirus Infection in Dogs in Kathmandu
Authors: Mahato P , Khanal S , Upadhyaya M
Published: July 2023

Canine parvo virus infection (CPVI) is highly infectious disease of dogs causing acute gastrointestinal illness in dog with high morbidity. In Kathmandu valley, knowledge on the epidemiology of diseases of dogs is limited. To determine the prevalence of disease in owned dogs in the Kathmandu valley and its associated risk factors, a retrospective study of data from clinical records of the Mount Everest kennel club (old Baneshwor height) during a one-year period was conducted. Using an Excel line graph and pie chart, the prevalence of canine parvovirus infection was examined according to season, age, and vaccination status. A total of 504 cases were seen in the 735 clinical records reviewed, of which 145 cases—or 11.01 % of all cases—had CPVI-like symptoms. The prevalence of CPVI in dogs sold by Mount Everest Kennel club in the valley was estimated to be 11.01% where high cases were observed during the dry season (peaks at April and December) though it could also reach peak during the rainy season (July-August). High number (55.6%; 45/81) of outbreaks were noted among the age group below 3 months followed by age group 4 to 7 months (33.3%; 27/81) and least number of outbreaks were noted in the age group older than 7 months (11.1%;9/81). High number (55.6%; 45/81) of outbreaks were noted among the age group below 3 months followed by age group 4 to 7 months (33.3%; 27/81) and least number of outbreaks were noted in the age group older than 7 months (11.1%;9/81). Disease incidence was highest in German shepherd (21%; 17/81), Japanese spitz (18.51%; 15/81), Labrador (18.51%; 15/81) and mixed/cross (42%; 34/81). Few Vaccinated dogs (7.4%; 6/81) were also found to be tested positive with CPVI. Our finding showed that temperature, breed susceptibility and vaccination status can be the possible risk factors associated with CPVI infection among dog population in Kathmandu valley suggesting pet owners to regularly follow the vaccination schedule, vaccinate their dogs in a timely manner, and routinely check on the health of their canines. Additionally, owners should be aware of the risks and should keep their dogs away from stray dogs.
Assess the quality of Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Bull Semen regarding seasonal and geographical variability in Nepal
Authors: Sah DN , Devkota NR , Sharma MP , Bhattarai N
Published: July 2023

We carried out this study to assess the quality of semen regarding the seasonal and geographical variability of Murrah buffalo breeding bull in Nepal. We aimed to access the quality of seme n of murrah buffalo bull considering the seasonal and geographical variability to help standardize quality semen producing protocol and concern. A total of eight Murrah buffalo bulls were used. Semen collection was done at once week and two ejaculations were considered at an interval of 30 minutes during the Summer (June to August), Autumn (September to November), Winter (December to February), and Spring (March to May) from 2017 to 2020 AD. Immediately after collection, initial motility, sperm concentration, pre-filling motility, post-thaw motility, live sperm, and abnormality of sperms were evaluated. Findings revealed that the season had affect (p<0.005) to the semen volume, individual motility, and post- thawing motility except for semen volume and sperm abnormality(p>0.05). However, initial motility, sperm concentration, and pre filling motility did not vary in months (p>0.05). It is thus well reflected that several traits related to quality and quantity of semen Murrah buffalo bulls may vary depending on the season of collection, location and age (p<0.05) with the semen traits of initial motility, sperm concentration, and pre-filling motility. Accordingly the semen collected during the autumn and spring season is revealed the percentage of average post thaw motility above the 52% that considered the success of artificial insemination is good for buffaloes.
Association of Body Condition Score with Lactation and Reproductive Performance in Murrah Cross Buffaloes in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Paudel M , Gautam G , Khatri KB , Baral P , Pantha BP
Published: July 2023

Body condition score (BCS) is a precise method for determining the stored energy reserves of dairy animals, which are located in the form of subcutaneous fat tissue, indicated by the animal’s degree of accomplished nutrition, and could be used as a management and selection tool to improve reproductive performance. The objective of this research was to investigate and quantify relationships between BCS and milk production, milk composition, and reproductive performance in Murrah cross buffalo. For this purpose, a semi-structured questionnaire was created and BCS was calculated using a visual technique based on a BCS chart. The sampling approach employed was a completely randomized design. A total of 165 Murrah cross buffaloes from 59 household farms were used in the study, where 130 milk samples were collected and used to assess the milk parameters by lacto-scan. Four BCS groups were namely 2.5-2.99, 3.0-3.49, 3.5-3.99, and 4.0-4.99 where the BCS score was found to grow during the dry period until calving, then decreased as milk production increased. BCS group (3.5-3.99) had higher performance during all the lactation periods with a peak milk yield of 11.4 ± 1.1 kg. At the late lactation stage BCS group (3.5-3.99) showed higher values of SNF (9.77), protein (4.01), and lactose (3.82), followed by BCS groups 4.0-4.49, 3.0-3.49, and 2.5-2.99. At the early, lactation stages, the BCS group (3.5-3.99) had the highest (P<0.01) average milk yield of 10.28, 9.50, 9.37 kg, and the BCS group (4- 4.49) had highest (P<0.01) average fat percent of 9.19, 10.20, and 10.32, respectively. The buffaloes of BCS group 3.5-3.99 had shorter post-partum estrus (61.14days) (P<0.01), fewer services for conception (1.30) (P<0.01) and higher first service conception rate (79.87%) (P<0.01). Similarly, the incidence of associated reproductive disorders such as uterine prolapse, retained placenta, metritis, and mastitis are lowest in BCS group 3.5-3.99 with values of 7.69%, 3.44%, 3.44%, and 6.89% respectively. It can be concluded that the BCS group (3.5–3.99) provided the greatest production results in both milk and reproductive function. For optimal animal lactation and reproductive performance, the nutrition management of dairy cows should be necessarily monitored using the BCS score.
Study on External Egg Quality Parameters and Hatchability of Sakini Breed in Swine and Avian Research Program, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Dahal M , Yadav N , Tamang P
Published: July 2023

Eggs are an important and convenient source of protein for those living in rural regions. In addition, eggs from local hens are popular and traded for a fair price. As a result, the primary goal of this study was to evaluate egg laying and egg quality parameters in Sakini (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Nepal in order to better understand the chicken’s reproductive fitness and the relationship between the parameters. For this, a total of 120 eggs from different weeks (30 from each week) were taken as a sample. The egg sample was collected from the birds of different ages i.e. 43rd, 48th, 56th, and 57th weeks. These chickens were raised in the same environment and management conditions at Swine and Avian Research Program (SARP), Khumaltar. Eggs were candled during incubation, i.e., on the 18th day. A strong light was held under the eggs to observe their fertility during candling of eggs. External egg quality parameters like Egg weight, Egg length, Egg breadth, Shape index and Egg color were measured. Fertility and hatchability percentages were calculated. The findings have shown that the highest fertility rate was observed for the 48.47 ±0.71 gm egg weight group i.e., 80 %. However, the highest overall hatchability was observed in the 48.73±0.68 gm egg weight group which is 70 %. On the basis of their shape index, there is significantly highest (P<0.01) fertility rate was observed in the 67.26 ± 0.56 group that is 70 %.
Feeding Status of Indigenous Buffalo in Midhills of Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha A , Kanu S , GC B , Baskota N
Published: July 2023

More than 50% of the households of Gandaki province have been rearing buffaloes. Whereas in mid hills 1-2 number of buffalo is present in most houses which are reared for sustainable purpose. A cross sectional study was carried out for a year in the mid hills of Gandaki province selecting 20 farms from four locations; Parbat, Nagi ramche, Tarakhola and Lwang ghalel, Kaski. Similarly, for a year a buffalo farm of Directorate of Agricultural Research, Gandaki was also studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the feeding system of buffalo in midhills and DoAR farm and compare the milk production. The milk production by the indigenous buffalo of local farms (3.3liters/d) was significantly higher than that of DoAR farms(2.9 liters/d) despite of feeding balanced concentrate ration daily. The raulo and khar combination was the main source of roughages whereas maize, barley and millet flour were the common source of concentrate for the indigenous buffalo in mid hills of Gandaki province.
Global Pattern of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome Outbreaks in Freshwater Farmed and Wild Fish from 2005 to 2012
Authors: Karki NP
Published: July 2023

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is an infectious disease of freshwater farmed and wild fish caused by a fungus, Aphanomyces invadans. This disease is an important economic disease causing huge socio-economic losses to fish farmers across the world. While this is an important fish disease, its global epidemiology is poorly understood. The objective of this study is understand the global spatiotemporal epidemiology of EUS outbreaks from 2005 to 2022. The data were retrieved from open access database of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Results showed that there were a total of 277 outbreaks of EUS reported to WOAH from 2005 to 2022 from 15 countries and territories with 76% outbreaks reported from African countries. Democratic Republic of Congo reported the highest number of EUS outbreaks. Higher number of outbreaks were reported during 2014 to 2017. The observed epidemiological pattern might be biased due to the underreporting of the disease. Nevertheless, it offers important insights to understand the latest global pattern of EUS. We suggest to increase country level awareness on EUS so that outbreaks are reported in a timely manner.
Textbooks and Nationalist Values: Revitalizing Civic Learning in Nepali Schools
Authors: G.C. Saroj
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the learning content of government school textbooks in Nepal, analyzing their political implications and their role in cultivating a national character. By considering the textbooks as cultural products, the research examines the learning content to explore how they contribute to the formation of national character. The content of the textbooks was purposefully selected and subjected to analysis using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings of the study reveal that the prescribed textbooks were crafted to promote the state's vision of national character by either emphasizing or downplaying specific values, ideologies, and belief systems, rather than fostering critical thinking and cognitive skills among learners. Three main trajectories were identified: the notion of being Gorkhali (synonymous with “Nepali”), reverence for the past, and the concept of national indivisibility. It is argued that the development of the learning content is not merely a pedagogical endeavor but also a political one, reflecting the state's adherence to dominant narratives. The study focused on analyzing the themes of civic learning and national character, without considering the perspectives of teachers and students regarding the content.
Human-Nature Interactions in the Poetry of Laxmi Prasad Devkota and Rabindranath Tagore
Authors: Gurung Dilu
Published: July 2023

This paper attempts to show what ecocriticism is and how it is applied to the poems of Laxmi Prasad Devkota, a great poet of Nepal, and Rabindranath Tagore, a great poet of Bengali in India. Although they belong to two different South Asian countries, they deal with love and concern of nature in their poems. In this study, I have explored some literary attributes and ecocritical aspects of the poems of these poets. Some of their similarities have been discussed in this paper. Even though both the poets are popular in other genres of literature, the focus of this paper is to analyze the poems from the perspective of ecocriticism. These poets wrote the poems about nature even before the word ‘Ecocriticism’ came into existence and got defined. However, Devkota and Tagore were using the ecocritical standpoint to write their poems before the term was coined. The two poems of Devkota: “The Swallow and Devkota” and “The Brook” have been undertaken for the textual analysis. Similarly, the two poems of Tagore: “The Tame Bird Was in a Cage” and “The Banyan Tree” have been selected for textual analysis. Overall, this paper has shown the connection between the human world and the natural world and the ecocritical aspect in the poems of Devkota and Tagore.
The Rise of Web 2.0 and Digital Narcissism: Rethinking the Aesthetics of Death
Authors: Thapa Prakash
Published: July 2023

The study aims to analyze the posts related to death on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter. Thus, the study examines the gravity of death among the social media users and the impact of digital narcissism on the aesthetics of death. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Christopher Lasch's book The Culture of Narcissism, which provides insights into the influence of web 2.0, particularly the digital platforms that are used to post death related contents. The study utilizes a summative content analysis approach, focusing on selected statuses and corresponding comments on Facebook and Twitter that pertain to death. The findings of the summative content analysis suggest that Facebook and Twitter have been poorly managed, leading to mistreatment of human values and attitudes towards death. For instance, insensitive comments on the death-related posts indicate a form of abuse within these digital platforms. Additionally, the study highlights the growing use of emojis in expressing grief and mourning on the Web 2.0 platforms. The study concludes that the rise of Web 2.0 such as social media platforms has led to a shallow and often disrespectful portrayal of death, ultimately diminishing its intrinsic beauty and significance.
The Use of Social Media for Political Socialization in Nepal: An Effectiveness Analysis of Platforms
Authors: Bhattarai Pramila
Published: July 2023

The recent advancement of information technology has led to the advent of social media. The outburst of such social networking sites has created opportunities for several human activities, including those related to politics throughout the world; Nepal is no exception to it. Since social media is explosively increasing for political socialization in Nepal in recent times, it is now required to find its usefulness and effectiveness. In this regard, this paper attempts to explore the effectiveness of various social media platforms used for political socialization in Nepal. The study adopts an exploratory research design, using survey questionnaires for data collection. Pokhara Metropolitan City in Gandaki Province, Nepal is taken as the sample study area and the information is received from 160 respondents who are liable to cast vote in the election. The study finds a remarkable impact of social media on political socialization. The results of the study suggest that online political activities are strongly correlated to political awareness and offline political socialization. The study is expected to be useful for political parties, political leaders, political activists and the general public to determine effective social media platforms as per their usefulness for political communication in Nepal.
From Sensibility to Sublimity: Worshipping Land Community in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth
Authors: Regmi Dipendra Raj
Published: July 2023

This paper explores and analyses the kind of ecological sublimity the protagonist goes through despite poverty and significant modern development in China in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth (1931) from an eco-critical perspective. Wang Lung, the protagonist, experienced wonderful transformations in China during his lifetime. The colonization, arrival of Christian missionaries, urbanization and construction of a railroad signal modernity in China. However, Lung feels ecological sublimity despite the ups and downs brought about by the series of transformations in China. The paper draws on ideas from the eco-critical insights anticipated by Aldo Leopold and E. O. Wilson. As a qualitative applied research, the focus lies on Leopold's concept of “land community” and Wilson’s idea of “biophilia”. Ecological sensibility is the only way to feel the earth’s community’s bliss even during modern development. The reverence for land community unbelievably renders the vibration of ecological sublimity. It provides spiritual freedom to people of all classes, religions and nationalities from around the world. In this sense, the land community offers sublime happiness in the world if we stop coveting its domain.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Consumers’ Preference for African Print Fabrics in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adeloye Adebayo Abiodun , Oyinloye Michael Abiodun , Oladesu Johnson Olarinde , Kayode Tope Dare
Published: July 2023

This study examines the factors influencing consumers' preferences for African print fabrics, also known as African prints or Ankara fabrics, which are machine printed wax print designs on textiles. These fabrics hold a significant economic value and are considered premium products in the African textile market. The research specifically focuses on Southwest Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted, utilizing both open-ended and close-ended questionnaires. The study population comprised users of African print fabrics in Southwest Nigeria. To determine the sample size, online sample size calculator was used due to the infinite number of African print fabric users. A total of 384 users were sampled. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools, and inferential analysis was conducted using independent sample t-test. The findings indicate that design plays a crucial role in influencing the purchasing decisions of African print fabric users. Based on the results, it is recommended that African print companies prioritize the quality of their designs and consider consumers' preferences, including colour choices and motifs, during the design process.
DILEMMAS OF RE-NATIVIZATION OF INDIGENOUS LAW
Authors: Kurczewski Jacek Maria
Published: July 2023

The author in this study tests the applicability of basic categories of Leon Petrażycki’s (1865–1931) socio-psychological theory of law, pointing at ambiguity of the concept of ‘indigenous law’, ‘natives’ law’ and ‘customary law’. First, however, the right to one’s own law is followed through the history of colonization. It is essential for the plight of the indigenous people that already in 1537 Popes recognized that ‘original inhabitants’ had ‘rights’ and thus ‘legitimate claims’. If, on the one hand, there are ‘rights’ and ‘rightful claims’ then, on the other, there are duties that include not only the negative refraining from appropriation but also the positive duty to protect in exchange for the impairing the indigenous sovereignty. But whenever the nexus iuris is recognized, i.e. the link of correlative rights and duties, there is a law (Petrażycki) and ‘inherent – even if impaired, or as some say, abused – sovereignty of the indigenous people’ (Justice Marshall). The pluralist notion of ‘law’, the distinction between the ‘normative positive’ reference and the ‘normative intuition’ and the distinction between the ‘normative’ and the ‘factual’ should allow one to organize systematically the multiple issues that one encounters when approaching the area of ‘indigenous law’. From discussion of the official nonindigenous indigenous law exemplified by the federal Native American law of the United States the paper moves on to discuss the Navajo case of the official tribal law. It comes out that the native procedures and law are full of religious meaning so the ‘cultural’ sovereignty is much more fundamental and value-loaded than the secular philosophy of human rights incommensurable with the right to one’s own law. This is not considered when borrowing from native law into secular Western law (Greenland’s Criminal Code; mediation procedures in North America). The meaning of cultural sovereignty is the right to develop one’s law so that it fits one’s needs and aims. But the full success story is when the antithesis of the ‘indigenous’ and ‘dominant’ law is settled through the feedback from the former to the latter, like when the law – not only of a country but also on the global level – becomes syncretic and embraces deeper universalization of the human rights.
PRESENT-DAY POLICIES CONCERNING INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES IN THE AMERICAS: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
Authors: Ząbecki Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

Global changes in policies regarding Indigenous people, observed in the last decades, have had a strong impact on language policies in the Americas. They are aimed at increasing protection of Indigenous languages, especially in countries with a higher number and percentage of Native people and Indigenous language speakers (ILS). However, it is argued in the paper that the scope of these policies is often not adapted to changes in spatial distribution of Autochthonous populations, while their effective implementation in many cases seems outright impossible. The first part of the paper sums up an analysis concerning the number and spatial distribution of Indigenous people and ILS in countries and dependent territories of the Americas. The second part shows the evolution of policies towards Indigenous languages in the Americas from the colonial era to our times. The last part studies spatial aspects of the situation of Indigenous languages in Mexico City, based primarily on qualitative data obtained from interviews and observations carried out during field research. The paper concludes: that a clear progress has been made in language policies in the last decades in the analysed region, especially in Latin America; that there is no obvious difference in the implementation of these policies between unitary and federal states; and that, based on the case of Mexico City, the implementation of a relevant language policy may be seriously hindered by such factors as insufficient financing, political disputes, and a deeply embedded discrimination against Indigenous languages.
Analysis of the physical development of athletes aged 8-10 in dance sports
Authors: Artemieva Halyna , Polulyakhov Sergiy
Published: July 2023

The article presents a comparative analysis of physical development parameters by age and gender categories. The analysis was conducted among 8-10-year-old athletes from the dance sport of the sports club "Courage" in the city of Kharkiv and the standard of children of Ukraine. The conducted research proves the presence of a fairly high variation of the individual characteristics of the physical development of athletes. The circumference of the chest of male and female partners indicates the normal rate of development of the respiratory apparatus of the athletes under study. The analysis of height and body weight indicates an accelerated rate of maturation of the bodies of female partners of all studied age groups and the bodies of 9-year-old partners. The body weight and height parameters of the 8- and 10-year-old partners are within the limits of the standard for Ukrainian children of this age. The obtained data made it possible to plan training loads adequate to the individual parameters of the studied athletes in dance sports. The collected data will also be used in the selection of athletes for joint sports activities in dance sports.
Implementation of regulated recreation and sports activities within the territory of yar samishyn balka
Authors: Gubarev I. V. , Neposhivaylenko N. O. , Gubareva A. I.
Published: July 2023

A study on the natural-anthropogenic features of the ravine-gully system of Samyshyna balka (Kamianske, Dnipropetrovsk region) was conducted in order to determine the suitability and expediency of using its natural- territorial complexes in recreational and sports activities.

An electronic map of the research object was compiled, which allowed to allocate the territory of the Samishina Balka ravine for the preparation and holding of future sports competitions.

Geoecological monitoring was carried out and zoning of the ravine territory was proposed depending on the safety and expediency of its use, convenience in setting sports distances and solving many organizational issues, resistance to recreational load and preservation of the landscape-territorial complex in accordance with nature protection, recreational, tourist and sports use.

Specially for the "Festival of Healthy Lifestyle" within the territory of the Samyshyna Balka ravine, sports and tourist routes of various purposes and directions were created and arranged for several thousand spectators and athletes. For the first time in the city and region, in the fresh air, a combined checkers relay with the participation of 10 teams was introduced, which combined different sports (checkers and relay running) into one and required the participants to possess the highest level of physical and intellectual qualities.

Prerequisites for conducting recreational and sports activities within the ravine were identified, taking into account the presence of natural potential, the need to expand regional specialized recreation areas, and obtain additional income for the local budget.

Scientific research allows further activation of the process of formation of a socially oriented market of recreational resources in Ukraine.
Specificity of the training system in sport of mind
Authors: Dolbysheva N.G. , Kondratenko V.V. , Alfyorov O.A. , Kusovska O.S.
Published: July 2023

In sport of mind, competitions are related to abstract game activities, which include chess, checkers, go, sports bridge, sports poker, backgammon, etc. Based on the use of the method of scientific knowledge, the specificity of the intellectual training of intellectual-athletes, which is a priority aspect of the training process, is determined. The system of training intellectual-athletes is carried out both from general pedagogical positions and from the process of applied and specialized training and upbringing. Training in such sports consists in the orientation of the training process on: formation of cognitive, creative, practical, communicative and social competences; the implementation of specific principles of the organization of educational and cognitive activities, such as the strength of knowledge assimilation, the connection between theory and practice, emotional and problem-based learning, thoroughness, cyclical development, modeling, computerization and self-management – sports training acquires a new systematic quality training; the use of specific training tools and methods used in solving intellectual training tasks. The intellectual training of an athlete is aimed at the understanding of sports activities and the development of intellectual abilities, without which it is impossible to solve the tasks of sports training in intellectual sports. This training is directly related to the formation of the athlete's motivation, his volitional and special mental training, training in sports technique and tactics, improvement of sportsmanship. Intellectual training is determined by two main aspects: intellectual education and education of intellectual abilities. Intellectual education is related to the transfer of knowledge, and is therefore considered as part of theoretical training. Intellectual abilities as the highest level of cognitive activity and which is associated with the development of the quality of memory, mental abilities and types of thinking. In the process of intellectual training, specific means and methods of learning are used, which contribute to the development of intelligence.
Features of the influence on the motivation characteristics of physical exercises of students of higher education institutions in the extreme conditions of the military state
Authors: Matviіenko M.І. , Didkovskii V. А. , Trotsenko D.V.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study was to clarify the views of the authors on the importance of motivation for physical exercises in the conditions of martial law, which are characterized by a sense of the danger of a person's existence, the risk of participating in educational activities during air raids, power outages, lack of communication. The authors identified aspects of the relevance of predicting motivational characteristics for physical exercises, studying their influence on the specifics of exercises in extreme conditions, and the use of these exercises as psychological regulation in moments of danger and risk.

The results of empirical research (surveys, questionnaires) were considered in retrospect of the change in the dominant motives for physical exercises as a result of the social impact of the extremity of the military state.

The novelty of the study should be considered the views proposed by the authors on the influence of social factors of extreme life activity in the conditions of martial law on the features of the formation of motives for physical exercises and the prediction of such features in the educational process.

The conclusions point to the understanding of the contents defined by the topic, emphasize views on the formation of motives for physical exercises under the influence of social factors, conditions of extreme situations of the military state, states of understanding the danger and risk of existence and the emergence on this basis of internal needs and interest as the internal side of the motive for mastering the basics of self-defense.
Features of the development of children's and youth's sports
Authors: Mytchyk Oleksandr
Published: July 2023

One of the priority directions of the development of modern sports is the creation of conditions for the development of children's, children's and youth sports, and reserve sports; and this is not accidental as children's and youth, and reserve sports are the basis of the development of high-achieving sports. It is the key to the development of reserve sports and the condition of forming a healthy society. Children's sports solve more than just wellness tasks, but also solve critical social problems; namely, they provide active recreation for children, help to fill leisure time during free time from education, prevent the emergence of bad habits, remove children from the streets, contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle, help the child to socialize in society, help to self-realize, to establish new friendships, to communicate, to have fun.

Nowadays, there is a violation of the selection system for sports schools. The positive experience of the selection, examination, and analysis of growth and physical parameters of the child, conducting various mobile games during the after-school time, is losing. The modern practice of selection and orientation of training of capable athletes shows the low effectiveness of children's and youth sports. In this system, it is necessary to ensure the optimal ratio of the number of children who play sports at various stages of multi-year improvement, providing the selection of the best considering special training. This is possible considering, firstly, that the practice of mastering the main types of sports, preliminary testing of motor functions and health status will make it possible to direct the most capable children in specific types of sport for further improvement in the system of children's and youth sports schools, specialized youth schools of the Olympic Reserve (SDYUSHOR), and training at the initial stages - to form and select a contingent of athletes, promising for further improvement, for reserve sports. Secondly, children who have not shown apparent abilities for further sports improvement should be oriented to be engaged in mass sports. This approach makes it possible to increase the selection system's efficiency and develop a system of mass children's and youth sports.

Health and educational components of children's and youth sports form a healthy lifestyle for their pupils. Fulfilling the tasks assigned to the Youth Sports School ( CYSS ) by the state includes three interrelated aspects: sports, physical culture, and educational.
Effectiveness of technology of functional motor asymmetry prevention of primary school age children in the process of recreational tennis
Authors: Prokopenko Аnastasiia , Rodionenko Mykhaylo
Published: July 2023

Tennis is characterized by a load on the dominant limb, which places special demands on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, it is important to prevent motor asymmetry during training sessions. For this purpose, we have developed a technology for the prevention of functional motor asymmetry of primary school age children. Goal. To experimentally test the effectiveness of the developed technology for the prevention of functional motor asymmetry in children of primary school age who play tennis. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodical literature, Internet sources; pedagogical testing of the level of physical fitness; anthropometry; dynamometry; methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the transformative pedagogical experiment showed statistically significant changes (p < 0,05) in the chest circumference indicators of 8-, 9- and 10-year-old boys, 8-year-old girls and the body weight indicator of 8-year-old boys, in connection using complexes of exercises that contribute to the harmonious development of children's bodies. The use of tools to prevent functional motor asymmetry in classes with children of primary school age contributed to positive changes in posture. At the beginning of the experiment, only 52,00% (n = 39) of the children were characterized by normal posture, then at the end of the experiment their share increased to 76,00% (n = 57). At the end of the pedagogical experiment, statistically significant changes (p < 0,05) occurred in the investigated indicators, which reflect the level of development of strength and coordination abilities.
Occupational Therapy Program for sportsmen (veterans) who specialize in Sambo wrestling of the "Masters" category
Authors: Khatsaiuk Oleksandr , Sirenko Romana , Rusyn Ljudmyla , Vaniuk Daria , Beseda Nataliia , Kyryliuk Viktoriia
Published: July 2023

According to the Results of the analysis of Scientific-Methodical, Special and reference literature by the members of the Scientific Research Group, it was established that insufficient number of Scientific works are devoted to the urgent issue of the organization of the System of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy of athletes of older age groups (veterans) who specialize in wrestling (Martial Arts). This emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of Scientific Research. The main goal of the study is to develop an occupational Therapy Program for athletes of older age groups (veterans) who specialize in Sambo wrestling after knee joint injuries. Research Methods: axiomatic, idealization, historical and logical, descent from concrete, formalization (experience of physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy).

As a result of an Empirical study, an Occupational Therapy Program was developed for wrestlers of older age groups (Veterans «Masters category») who specialize in Sambo wrestling after knee joint injuries. The Results of the empirical Research are implemented in the System of Physical Therapy of veteran athletes who Specialize in Sports types of wrestling (Judo, Sambo wrestling, Freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling). Prospects for further Research in the chosen field of Scientific Research involve the determination of factors that affect the longevity of an individual in the chosen type of sports (combat).
Epithelial Inclusion Cyst of the Foot Causing Pressure Ulcer and Skin Breach
Authors: Fitzpatrick Niall , Fitzpatrick Niall , Bilal Ahmad , Pillai Anand
Published: July 2023

Epithelial inclusion cysts are benign lesions that rarely occur in the extremities in the absence of trauma. They may demonstrate slow but progressive enlargement.
This case relates to a 50 year old female who presented with a grade 1 pressure ulcer to the plantar surface of her right foot, associated with discomfort mobilising and pain upon wearing traditional footwear.
Surgical excision was performed, and histology demonstrated an epithelial inclusion cyst, leading to complete recovery and resolution of the plantar pressure ulcer.