bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemokine axes in breast cancer: factors of the tumor microenvironment reshape the CCR7-driven metastatic spread of luminal-A breast tumors
Authors: Weitzenfeld Polina , Kossover Olga , Körner Cindy , Meshel Tsipi , Wiemann Stefan , Seliktar Dror , Legler Daniel F , Ben-Baruch Adit
Published: March 2016

Chemokine axes have been shown to mediate site-specific metastasis in breast cancer, but their relevance to different subtypes has been hardly addressed. Here, with the focus on the CCR7-CCL21 axis, patient datasets demonstrated that luminal-A tumors express relatively low CCR7 levels compared with more aggressive disease subtypes. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was not associated with high CCR7 levels in luminal-A patients. The metastatic pattern of luminal-A breast tumors may be influenced by the way luminal-A tumor cells interpret signals provided by factors of the primary tumor microenvironment. Thus, CCR7-expressing human luminal-A cells were stimulated simultaneously by factors representing 3 tumor microenvironment arms typical of luminal-A tumors, hormonal, inflammatory, and growth stimulating: estrogen + TNF-α + epidermal growth factor. Such tumor microenvironment stimulation down-regulated the migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells toward CCL21 and inhibited the formation of directional protrusions toward CCL21 in a novel 3-dimensional hydrogel system. CCL21-induced migration of CCR7-expressing tumor cells depended on PI3K and MAPK activation; however, when CCR7-expressing cancer cells were prestimulated by tumor microenvironment factors, CCL21 could not effectively activate these signaling pathways. In vivo, pre-exposure of the tumor cells to tumor microenvironment factors has put restraints on CCL21-mediated lymph node-homing cues and shifted the metastatic pattern of CCR7-expressing cells to the aggressive phenotype of dissemination to bones. Several of the aspects were also studied in the CXCR4-CXCL12 system, demonstrating similar patient and in vitro findings. Thus, we provide novel evidence to subtype-specific regulation of the CCR7-CCL21 axis, with more general implications to chemokine-dependent patterns of metastatic spread, revealing differential regulation in the luminal-A subtype.
The role of macrophages in obesity-driven chronic liver disease
Authors: Devisscher Lindsey , Verhelst Xavier , Colle Isabelle , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja
Published: March 2016

Overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle have resulted in the expansion of human obesity and associated metabolic complications. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in Western developed countries and can range from simple hepatic steatosis to a combination of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). Obesity and its related liver disease are both risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, the incidence of which is expected to increase rapidly. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma involve a deregulated lipid metabolism and a disruption of immune homeostasis and tissue integrity and are associated with a state of chronic inflammation. Macrophages are immune cells essential for maintenance of organ function and homeostasis but can also contribute to tissue damage and maintain a proinflammatory response. Their function depends on their origin, and tissue and can be converted based on local environmental cues. Resident liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, which function as sentinels, provide a first defense and are assisted by infiltrating monocytes in cases of hepatic insult. Until now, the contribution of tissue-residing and infiltrating macrophages to the onset and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma has been only partially unraveled. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of macrophage subsets to obesity-driven fatty liver disease and its complications and sheds light on still unexplored areas.
Neuroblastoma in Africa: A Survey by the Franco-African Pediatric Oncology Group
Authors: Traoré Fousseyni , Eshun Francis , Togo Boubacar , Yao Jean Jacques Atteby , Lukamba Mbuli Robert
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Neuroblastoma is a sympathoadrenal lineage neural crest–derived tumor. It is the third most common childhood malignancy in the Western world. Studies from the United States show that black patients with neuroblastoma have a greater proportion of high-risk neuroblastoma with poorer prognosis compared with white patients. In Africa, there are few published data on the epidemiology and management of neuroblastoma. The primary aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic resources available for the management of neuroblastoma within the Franco-African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP).

Methods

A survey was conducted in the pediatric oncology centers of the GFAOP. Participating GFAOP centers were Abidjan, Algiers, Bamako, Dakar, Lubumbashi, Lomé, Ouagadougou, Rabat, Tananarive Antananarivo, and Tunis. Questionnaires were sent out by e-mail to the principal investigators at each participating GFAOP center in December 2013.

Results

Ten (62%) of 16 GFAOP centers responded to the questionnaire. Neuroblastoma represented only 3% to 5% of childhood cancers in the sub-Saharan African centers, with the exception of Antananarivo, where it represented 7.5%. In contrast, in the northern African centers of Tunis, Rabat, and Algiers, neuroblastoma accounted for 30%,10%, and 7% of childhood cancer, respectively. At initial diagnosis, 50% to 80% of patients had metastatic neuroblastoma in eight of 10 centers.

Conclusion

Based on this survey, neuroblastoma seems to be less common in sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of patients with metastatic neuroblastoma seems to be higher than reported in Western countries.
Adrenal Demedullation and Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations in Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Macko Antoni R. , Yates Dustin T. , Chen Xiaochuan , Shelton Leslie A. , Kelly Amy C. , Davis Melissa A. , Camacho Leticia E. , Anderson Miranda J. , Limesand Sean W.
Published: March 2016

In pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal glucose and oxygen concentrations are reduced, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations are elevated throughout the final third of gestation. Here we study the effects of chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia on β-cell function in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced IUGR that is produced by maternal hyperthermia. IUGR and control fetuses underwent a sham (intact) or bilateral adrenal demedullation (AD) surgical procedure at 0.65 gestation. As expected, AD-IUGR fetuses had lower norepinephrine concentrations than intact-IUGR fetuses despite being hypoxemic and hypoglycemic. Placental insufficiency reduced fetal weights, but the severity of IUGR was less with AD. Although basal plasma insulin concentrations were lower in intact-IUGR and AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-controls, glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations were greater in AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-IUGR fetuses. Interestingly, AD-controls had lower glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin concentrations than intact-controls, but AD-IUGR and AD-control insulin responses were not different. To investigate chronic hypoxemia in the IUGR fetus, arterial oxygen tension was increased to normal levels by increasing the maternal inspired oxygen fraction. Oxygenation of IUGR fetuses enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations 3.3-fold in intact-IUGR and 1.7-fold in AD-IUGR fetuses but did not lower norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Together these findings show that chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia have distinct but complementary roles in the suppression of β-cell responsiveness in IUGR fetuses.
Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Present and Future
Authors: Bilezikian John P. , Brandi Maria Luisa , Cusano Natalie E. , Mannstadt Michael , Rejnmark Lars , Rizzoli René , Rubin Mishaela R. , Winer Karen K. , Liberman Uri A. , Potts John T.
Published: March 2016

Context:

Conventional management of hypoparathyroidism has focused upon maintaining the serum calcium with oral calcium and active vitamin D, often requiring high doses and giving rise to concerns about long-term consequences including renal and brain calcifications. Replacement therapy with PTH has recently become available. This paper summarizes the results of the findings and recommendations of the Working Group on Management of Hypoparathyroidism.

Evidence Acquisition:

Contributing authors reviewed the literature regarding physiology, pathophysiology, and nutritional aspects of hypoparathyroidism, management of acute hypocalcemia, clinical aspects of chronic management, and replacement therapy of hypoparathyroidism with PTH peptides. PubMed and other literature search engines were utilized.

Evidence synthesis:

Under normal circumstances, interactions between PTH and active vitamin D along with the dynamics of calcium and phosphorus absorption, renal tubular handing of those ions, and skeletal responsiveness help to maintain calcium homeostasis and skeletal health. In the absence of PTH, the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and skeleton are all affected, leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, reduced bone remodeling, and an inability to conserve filtered calcium. Acute hypocalcemia can be a medical emergency presenting with neuromuscular irritability. The recent availability of recombinant human PTH (1–84) has given hope that management of hypoparathyroidism with the missing hormone in this disorder will provide better control and reduced needs for calcium and vitamin D.

Conclusions:

Hypoparathyroidism is associated with abnormal calcium and skeletal homeostasis. Control with calcium and active vitamin D can be a challenge. The availability of PTH (1–84) replacement therapy may usher new opportunities for better control with reduced supplementation requirements.
Intimate Encounters: Affective Labor in Call Centers
Authors: Mankekar Purnima , Gupta Akhil
Published: March 2016

By examining the affective regimes generated by call center workers in Bangalore, the authors argue that the forms of alienation and intimacy they generate are coimplicated, rather than in opposition, to each other. In contesting the presumption that the intimate is in contradistinction to the public, the authors join scholarly conversations that trace how relations of intimacy are constructed through processes of labor. This analysis of intimate encounters and affective labor draws upon several years of intensive ethnographic field research in call centers in the southern Indian city of Bangalore. The authors argue that the affective labor of call center agents is service work but that it takes the form of intimate labor provided at a distance. While intimacy implies a proximity that may be physical, corporeal, emotional, and/or geographical, the affective labor of the informants underscored the ways in which it reconstituted their very experience of time and space, proximity and distance. On the one hand, their success at work was contingent on their construction of a relationship of proximity with their clients, eliciting and producing affects that generated intimate encounters. However, although these workers did not engage in physical travel, their virtual and imaginative travel was generative of new modalities of proximity that compel the authors to review existing assumptions about intimacy and distance, and about the relation between intimacy and capital.
Race, Nation, and the Production of Intimacy: Transnational Ova Donation in India
Authors: Deomampo Daisy
Published: March 2016

This article explores the phenomenon of transnational reproduction, in which prospective parents travel across national boundaries in order to access assisted reproductive technologies. In particular, the author examines transnational egg donation as an “intimate industry,” focusing on the ways in which such industries construct intimacy and intimate social relations among various reproductive actors. How do commissioning parents pursuing gestational surrogacy in India using donor eggs negotiate the process of selecting an egg donor? In addressing this question, the author analyzes the ways in which commissioning parents construct relations with the anonymous egg donor—the genetic parent of the child—as well as with the child conceived through egg donation, in-vitro fertilization, and gestational surrogacy, focusing especially on how doctors and commissioning parents understand notions of race, nationality, and skin color in the context of egg donation. In contrast to dominant assumptions that intended parents primarily seek donors who match their own racial/ethnic backgrounds, most commissioning parents in this study sought Indian egg donors with darker skin tones. This article suggests that while such actions appear to subvert dominant racial hierarchies that privilege white skin, revealing potential spaces of resistance to racialized preconceptions about kinship, they in fact rely on essentialized notions of race and beauty and reflect new articulations of biological race.
How “God Becomes a Lover”
Authors: Bush J. Andrew
Published: March 2016

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, this article tracks the imbrication of ordinary and mystical desire in the life of a Muslim man who disavows pietistic forms of ethical striving. It examines the way tropes of desire from Sufi poetry affect everyday life and desire in ordinary relationships with friends and kin. Revising the notion of the “infinity of desire,” which explains the traction of the paradigmatically mystical figures of lover and beloved in pious frameworks, the article argues that the finitude of desire in relation to intimate others in everyday life provides one context in which these figures, and Sufi poetry more generally, may become attractive to contemporary Muslims.
Chromas from chromatin: sonification of the epigenome
Authors: Cittaro Davide , Lazarevic Dejan , Provero Paolo
Published: March 2016

The epigenetic modifications are organized in patterns determining the functional properties of the underlying genome. Such patterns, typically measured by ChIP-seq assays of histone modifications, can be combined and translated into musical scores, summarizing multiple signals into a single waveform. As music is recognized as a universal way to convey meaningful information, we wanted to investigate properties of music obtained by sonification of ChIP-seq data. We show that the music produced by such quantitative signals is perceived by human listeners as more pleasant than that produced from randomized signals. Moreover, the waveform can be analyzed to predict phenotypic properties, such as differential gene expression.
Should there be greater use of preprint servers for publishing reports of biomedical science?
Authors: Chalmers Iain , Glasziou Paul
Published: March 2016

Vitek Tracz and Rebecca Lawrence declare the current journal publishing system to be broken beyond repair. They propose that it should be replaced by immediate publication followed by transparent peer review as the starting place for more open and efficient reporting of science. While supporting this general objective, we suggest that research is needed both to understand why biomedical scientists have been slow to take up preprint options, as well as to assess the relative merits of this and other alternatives to journal publishing.
Graphical Method of Financial Analysis As Effective Instrument for Real Economy’s Financial Management
Authors: Жилкина  , ZHilkina Anna
Published: March 2016

The paper is devoted to questions related to financial analysis’s graphical method development, the necessity

for which has arisen from organizations management need in the objective and comprehensive information on

these organizations’ financial status. The offered graphic way of book-keeping report indices visualization as a

special diagram hereinafter called the balancegram allows estimate organization’s financial status in general,

and the special balancegrams for each object allow make it even by those managers who had not a special

financial training. Performance evaluations of financial analysis objects have been presented graphically in

this paper, as well as a graphical correlation of factor indicators for the absolute, normal, acceptable low,

unacceptably low degrees of organization’s financial solvency and insolvency. Factor indicators are noncurrent

assets, stores taking into account the input value added tax, including not for sale part of stores,

permanent capital, normal sources of work equipment and stocks. For credit rating a graphical ratio of factor

indicators for the absolute, sufficient, low degrees of solvency and insolvency has been presented. Discounting

assets ( which are the sum of monetary resources and short-term financial investments, half of accounts

receivable’s total value, third part of stores taking into account the input value added tax, income-bearing

placements and long-term financial investments) are posted in the left side of the balancegram. In the right

side have been represented discounting liabilities consisted of amount of accounts payable, half of short-term

loans (borrowings), one third of long-term liabilities. Also in the balancegram’s left side is given the division

of discounted liabilities at quarters to determine the degree of solvency. Estimate of low, medium and high

probability of bankruptcy has been presented by the ratio of main factor indices for assets and liabilities. Assets

comprise monetary resources, short-term financial investments, stores taking into account the input value

added tax, in particular the saleable part of the stores. Liabilities comprise the short-term ones. Graphic method

is applied not only in real economy organizations, but also in private pension funds, and leasing companies.
Education Quality and Learning Process Satisfaction in the Oil and Gas Profi le High Educational Institutions
Authors: Белоножко  , Belonozhko M. , Силин  , Silin Anatoliy , Фролов  , Frolov S.
Published: March 2016

The paper is devoted to the problem of higher education quality improving, and to the necessity of taking

into account in this process the educational space subjects: students, teachers and employers. Theoretical

and methodological approaches to quality assessment problem have been considered, and system-social

approach has been selected, which allow include the satisfaction both of students and teachers with different

aspects of high educational institution life into this assessment criteria.

Based on such approach a methodology has been developed, and a sociological research on materials of

Russian oil and gas high educational institutions, training professionals for the Russian economy’s most

significant sector, has been carried out.

As a result, the relationships of education quality and satisfaction both of students and educators with the

educational process as a whole and its individual elements have been revealed.

The assessment of high educational institutions’ graduates made by their employers, as well as

recommendations on quality improving in some training directions, aimed at implementation of practiceoriented

approach to training, have been presented.

A comparison of the situation both in different high educational institutions and between students studying

on technical and managerial specialties has been carried out.

Particular attention has been paid to the development based on this research’s results of regional oil and gas

higher educational institution model in the conditions of higher education modernization, taking into account

the interaction of all stakeholders (real economy enterprises, government structures, civil society).

Also an oil and gas higher educational institution development realization mechanism has been proposed,

considering all the activities of the educational institution (the education, research and innovation, sociocultural

ones) with a system approach, allowing it to become successful in the international market of

educational services in the oil and gas industry
Innovative Approach to Management Education’s Content and Structure Improving
Authors: Попович  , Popovich Aleksey
Published: March 2016

For the formation and development of tomorrow’s highly effective Manager model it is not already enough

of competences from the area of only classic management and/or classic emotional and even business

leadership. The optimum combination of universal values and strategic anticipation, social leadership,

universal and special management technologies is necessary.

Aspects of innovation process management on organization’s holistic development have been considered,

main groups of higher school’s development strategies have been marked, and two types of innovative

processes in the education system have been characterized in this paper.

The author emphasizes that the traditional association of efforts in the training of specialists through a formal

merger of several structures is ultimately ineffective. More productive will be the consolidation of efforts (in

parallel with formal associations) through contractual relationships, creation of basic chairs at enterprises,

strategic alliances, consortia, network organizations, educational and industrial groups, technology parks,

business parks, innovative educational and industrial clusters, in other words, through creation of formal

virtual structures.

These chairs should become such points for growth of future organizational structures for graduates’

training, in other words, they should become mini-academies, which will provide the high level training, and

development of science.

The paper talks about creation of new forms and organization experiences for training of managerial human

resources of new generation through formal virtual structures creation with authorities, high educational

institutions, business representatives, secondary school institutions, preschool facilities. This project

implementation requires the allocation of several stages. The first one is creation of Institute of management

(as faculty) as the core organizational structure in the form of high educational institution unit. A sample structure of such Institute has been proposed, the practical experience of such structures formation has

been placed in the clearest light.

In the process of their development the Institutions can be transformed into more complex structures (e.g.,

academies, management universities), combining the traditional organizational structures with creation of

strategic formally virtual associations with various educational and industrial structures at the municipal,

regional, Federal, and international levels
Interdependência entre a participação em aulas de Educação Física e níveis de atividade física de jovens brasileiros: estudo ecológico
Authors: Soares Carlos Alex , Hallal Pedro
Published: March 2016

Compreender as relações entre Educação Física, atividade física e saúde é uma prioridade atual. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a participação em aulas de Educação Física e o nível de atividade física de jovens brasileiros, utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Coletas de dados foram feitas em 2009 e 2012, tendo como população-alvo os escolares do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, de escolas brasileiras. Cerca de 40% dos alunos, tanto em 2009 quanto em 2012, tiveram duas aulas semanais de Educação Física. Em 2012, o Nordeste foi a região com o menor percentual de escolares que alcançaram 300 minutos ou mais de atividade física por semana (29,5%; IC95% 28,2 – 30,8) e o Sul (37,3%; IC95% 32,1 – 42,5) esteve no extremo oposto. Em 2009 os percentuais foram mais elevados, tanto no extremo inferior (Nordeste: 37,7%; IC95% 35,9 – 39,5) como no extremo superior (Sul: 49,8%; IC95% 41,9 – 57,7). Foi encontrada uma forte correlação negativa (rho -0,84; p<0,001 em 2009 e rho -0,81; p<0,001 em 2012) entre não ter tido aula de Educação Física nos últimos sete dias e o percentual de estudantes que atingem 300 minutos por semana de prática de atividade física. Apesar de desafios quanto à infraestrutura, falta de materiais, baixa valorização da disciplina e remuneração dos professores inferior a observada em outros países, a existência de mais aulas de Educação Física está relacionada com maiores níveis de atividade física entre os jovens brasileiros. Modificações na legislação criando a obrigatoriedade de três aulas de Educação Física por semana são recomendadas.
Caracterização das equipes do Programa Academia da Saúde e do seu processo de trabalho
Authors: Guarda Flávio , Silva Rafaela , Feitosa Wallacy , Santos Neto Pedro , Araújo Júnior José
Published: March 2016

O Programa Academia da Saúde é uma importante estratégia de articulação das ações de promoção da saúde no âmbito da Atenção Primária. O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer as características das equipes que atuam no programa Academia da Saúde na Região Metropolitana do Recife, e identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas no seu processo de trabalho. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa com 18 profissionais de educação física. A maior parte dos profissionais é do sexo feminino, graduou-se há mais de cinco anos e não cursou disciplinas de saúde coletiva durante a formação inicial. Seus processos de trabalho caracterizam-se pela precariedade do material utilizado nas aulas de ginástica, participação ineficiente da coordenação do programa no planejamento, execução e avaliação das ações e dificuldades de articular as atividades do programa às demais ações e serviços na rede de Atenção Primária. Evidencia-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos na formação inicial e em serviço, de modo a qualificar as atividades nos polos e no território.
Change platform for caesarean birth
Authors: Goggin Clare
Published: March 2016

Prompted by her experience of birthing two babies by emergency caesarean section, Clare Goggin has set up Caesarean in Focus, a social media group for families and health professionals to explore together the choices women have around caesarean birth.
The effect of maternal position at birth on perineal trauma: A systematic review
Authors: Lodge Fay , Haith-Cooper Melanie
Published: March 2016

Perineal trauma is associated with short- and long-term maternal morbidity. Research has found that maternal position at birth can influence perineal trauma. However, there is a dearth of evidence examining specific maternal positions, including waterbirth, and how these can influence incidence and degree of perineal trauma. Such evidence is important to help reduce trauma rates and improve information for women and midwives. To address this gap in reliable evidence, a systematic review was conducted. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared to land birth, waterbirth was found to cause an increase in perineal trauma. Kneeling and all-fours positions were most protective of an intact perineum. Allowing for different variables, sitting, squatting and using a birth-stool caused the greatest incidence of trauma. The findings of this review demonstrate that further research is required around perineal guarding in alternative birth positions and how parity affects trauma rates with waterbirth, so that women may be advised appropriately. It also suggests findings that midwives can use when discussing alternative birth positions with women.
Mindfulness in maternity: Evaluation of a course for midwives
Authors: Warriner Sian , Hunter Louise , Dymond Maret
Published: March 2016

Stress and burnout are endemic in the NHS and the midwifery profession, having a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of individual midwives and on retention and recruitment for the profession as a whole. Stress can also have a negative impact on the care of women as midwives seek to manage their stress levels by employing strategies such as task orientation. As part of a larger project to engage staff in personal and workplace wellbeing, the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust maternity services provided staff with the opportunity to learn the practice of mindfulness meditation. An 8-week course was made available with the intention of supporting staff to manage stress and anxiety, increase resilience and self-compassion, and improve the culture of the organisation as a whole. Evaluations carried out immediately post-course and after 4–6 months indicated a positive impact in both personal and organisational domains.
Can maternity care move beyond risk? Implications for midwifery as a profession
Authors: Healy Sandra , Humphreys Eileen , Kennedy Catriona
Published: March 2016

Maternal and infant mortality rates are reassuringly low in developed countries. Despite this, birth is increasingly seen as risky by women, health professionals and society in general. In wider society, women are subjected to a litany of risks regarding birth, including sensationalising negative incidents by the media. Within maternity care, both structural and operational factors contribute to heightened risk perceptions. Women are processed through a system where risk-management strategies can take precedence over individualised care as health professionals attempt to protect themselves from implication in adverse outcomes and litigation. This results in increasingly interventionist care, depriving women of psychosocial safety in the birth process. Midwifery, as a profession promoting trust in normal birth, is threatened by this dominant medical model of maternity care and interventionist birth practices. Midwives need to act to reclaim their role in promoting normal birth, while balancing considerations of risk with the principle of woman-centred care.
Don't tell me I can't change the world
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: March 2016

Paulina Sporek reflects on how her life has changed since starting her midwifery studies.
Diabetes in children and young people: Update to NICE guidance
Authors: Eaton Sarah , Phillips Anne
Published: March 2016

Children and young people with diabetes are often seen in hospital. However, primary care still has a role to play. Sarah Eaton provides an overview of the changes to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance that are relevant to primary care

In August 2015, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) released an update to its 2004 guidance on diabetes in children and young people. Although many children and young people are treated by specialist teams rather than primary care, it is important for GPs and practice nurses to be aware of the changes to the guidance in order to be able to support children and their families. General practice also provides practical things like prescriptions, so it is important to be aware of changes to blood glucose home testing and ketone testing.
Tribology of total hip arthroplasty prostheses
Authors: Rieker Claude B.
Published: March 2016

Articulating components should minimise the generation of wear particles in order to optimize long-term survival of the prosthesis. A good understanding of tribological properties helps the orthopaedic surgeon to choose the most suitable bearing for each individual patient. Conventional and highly cross-linked polyethylene articulating either with metal or ceramic, ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-metal are the most commonly used bearing combinations. All combinations of bearing surface have their advantages and disadvantages. An appraisal of the individual patient’s objectives should be part of the assessment of the best bearing surface.

Cite this article: Rieker CB. Tribology of total hip arthroplasty prostheses: what an orthopaedic surgeon should know. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:52-57. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000004.
‘Un spectacle de marionnettes’: Acting out the Lacanian Father in Linda Lê’s Lettre morte
Authors: Collie Sara Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

In Linda Lê’s account of exile, the figure of the father is central: he embodies Lê’s (lost) Vietnamese origins and is intimately linked to language. This article offers a critical analysis of the connection between language and the lost father in Lê’s autofictional novel Lettre morte. Arguing that this text can be considered an almost programmatic interpretation of Lacanian theories of the father and psychosis, the article also considers how Lê extends these theories to account for her narrator’s position between two language systems: French and Vietnamese. In Lê’s literary treatment of Lacanian theory her characters represent different positions within and outside language(s): they are essentially ‘marionnettes’ that she manipulates and uses to act out the power relations at play in language, dramatically enacting the struggle that occurs when the paternal function fails, and an individual is repeatedly exiled from language.
Socrates on the Emotions
Authors: Brickhouse Thomas C. , Smith Nicholas D.
Published: March 2016

In Plato’s Protagoras, Socrates clearly indicates that he is a cognitivist about the emotions—in other words, he believes that emotions are in some way constituted by cognitive states. It is perhaps because of this that some scholars have claimed that Socrates believes that the only way to change how others feel about things is to engage them in rational discourse, since that is the only way, such scholars claim, to change another’s beliefs. But in this paper we show that Socrates is also responsive to, and has various non-rational strategies for dealing with, the many ways in which emotions can cloud our judgment and lead us into poor decision-making. We provide an account of how Socrates can consistently be a cognitivist about emotion and also have more than purely rational strategies for dealing with emotions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_15_1
'Philosophy' in Plato's Phaedrus
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: March 2016

The Phaedrus depicts the Platonic Socrates’ most explicit exhortation to ‘philosophy’. The dialogue thereby reveals something of his idea of its nature. Unfortunately, what it reveals has been obscured by two habits in the scholarship: (i) to ignore the remarks Socrates makes about ‘philosophy’ that do not arise in the ‘Palinode’; and (ii) to treat many of those remarks as parodies of Isocrates’ competing definition of the term. I remove these obscurities by addressing all fourteen remarks about ‘philosophy’ and by showing that for none do we have reason to attribute to them Isocratean meaning. We thereby learn that ‘philosophy’ does not refer essentially to contemplation of the forms but to conversation concerned with selfimprovement and the pursuit of truth.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_15_4
[Review] Plato’s Parmenides Reconsidered. By Mehmet Tabak
Authors: Ferrari Franco
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_15 _8
A comparative analysis of handling level of lifelong learning competences in social education curricula, Turkey and Ireland sample
Authors: Koç E. Seda , Erdem Aliye
Published: March 2016

Developing and ever-changing information technology brings together many innovations by renewing the human profile societies need in a significant way. “Lifelong Learning Understanding” which is one of the most important of these innovations, makes it necessary to change the basic competences and skills stand in the curricula. Accordingly, the education curricula are expected to provide lifelong learning understanding.  In this study it was aimed to analyze the handling level of the lifelong learning competences in the social education curricula of Turkey and Ireland comparatively. Eight key competences, recommended EU member countries to conduct their educational policies within the context of lifelong learning by the European Union (EU), was used as references in the analysis of the curricula.  It has been tried to determine whether lifelong learning competences are included in the curricula or not and which competences have been mentioned the most and which has been mentioned the least. Data required was collected in accordance with “document analysis” method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and utilized from “content analysis” technique for the analysis of the collected data. According to the findings of the study it was found that the most frequent competences were mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology in TSCC.  It was also seen that the competences of communication in the mother tongue, social and civic competences, the learning to learn competence, and mathematical competence and basic competences in science are of leading importance in SPHE.  Absence of the communication in foreign languages competence in TSSC can be said as the most prominent difference between the ISSC and TSSC.
Optimisation of Building’s Construction Costs and CO2 Emission Based on the Computer Model of a Theoretical Office Building Located Near London
Authors: Lechowska Weronika
Published: March 2016

The results of the building optimisation presented in this article come from the author’s entry project in the Design Optimisation Competition 2014. Simulations were conducted to help to design an office building and to minimise its costs and impact on the environment. Ultimately, the building’s construction costs were reduced to £2,294,216 and annual CO2 production to 136,169.3 kg, while maintaining discomfort hours below 200 hours per year and daylight floor area above threshold on the level of 60.0 %.
A Comparative Parametric Evaluation of Informal and Formal Housing: Maltepe/Istanbul Case Study
Authors: Akcabozan Aylin , Demir Yüksel
Published: March 2016

The intention of this paper is to provide a comparative parametric approach that to analyze informal housing patterns and to develop alternative housing paradigms by designing new formal housing patterns in Istanbul. This paper focuses on parameters which are effective in the formation of “informal housing settlements” considering the formal housing production alternatives. Observation, actual sources and parametric evaluation was used. This study aims to make comparison between organic informal housing structure and formal housing structure in Maltepe/ Istanbul housing settlement and analyse their physical and spatial patterns by using parametric evaluation approach.
The Quality of the Living Environment as a Result of Democratic Planning Traditions and Society Interaction: Aspect of Urban Public Security
Authors: Jakaitis Jonas
Published: March 2016

The article explores ways of improving urban structures of territories especially from the aspect of urban public security. The investigation is based on theoretical principles and existing practices. Implementing the principles of sustainable development in the conditions of public participation and cooperation with local authorities, residents of the cities and towns can be successfully integrated into a modern, well-designed, safe public urban space.
Employer Brand Role in HR Recruitment and Selection
Authors: Stariņeca Olga
Published: March 2016

This paper’s research focuses on employer brand (EB) development as a solution for public sector organizations to attract the young specialists of Latvia.

The author uses monographic research method, selection, comparison, induction and statistical data interpretation to explore the situation and potential outcomes of the proposed approach to Human Resource Recruitment and Selection.

The research results show that public organizations in Latvia still need to improve their positioning on labour market and work harder on their EB.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Higher Education Establishment for Marketing Strategies of Higher Education
Authors: Sarkane Glorija , Sloka Biruta
Published: March 2016

The world-wide competition of higher education programs makes education institutions to seek for most efficient ways to attract students. The presented academic research is devoted also to the issues on motives and influencing factors for the choice of study programs. The methods applied in the current paper are as follows: analysis of scientific publications, focus group discussions, surveys of possible future students. For the evaluation of different aspects of choice a scale of 1-10 was used. For the data analysis of the survey descriptive statistical analysis, cross tabulations and correlation analysis, as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis were applied.
The Impact of Methods of Forming on the Mechanical Properties of Fiber-reinforced Polymer-matrix Composite Materials
Authors: Piernik Krzysztof , Chatys Irena , Chatys Rafał
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper was to analyze how different techniques of production of fibrous composite materials affect the quality and strength properties of composite laminates. In this study, we use experimental data concerning a composite fabricated with the by hand lay-up and vacuum bagging method. The composites have a polyester matrix (Firestop 8175-w-1) reinforced with mate-glass fiber fabric [0/90/0/90] E glass fiber, respectively. The process parameters and criteria were determined before the samples were cut, namely the amount and soaking time of the composite with the polymer resin.
Evaluation of Management System Effectiveness in the Preparation of the Aircraft for Flight in Faulty Conditions
Authors: Bogdane Ruta , Vaivads Andris , Dencic Dejan
Published: March 2016

Most flight delays in aviation enterprises are related to air traffic management and technical centers. This can happen for various reasons: untimely removal of defects, lack of spare parts, deficiencies in maintenance scheduling, etc. Another reason may be inefficient management in the system of preparing the aircraft for departure. The article suggests a possible option of such an assessment as well as the results obtained from the use of this methodology applied to a specific airline.
Evaluation of the Dynamic Characteristics of Aircraft during Landing in Crosswinds
Authors: Slihta Mareks , Lazareva Irina , Sestakovs Vladimirs
Published: March 2016

This article summarizes the results of aircraft lateral drift parameter estimation. The lateral drift of an aircraft may occur in extreme and dangerous situations when the aircraft lands in crosswind conditions. Such a situation is developing with great dynamics in a small period of time. Within seconds, the aircraft can drastically change the flight path or position. The article highlights the results obtained in a calculation made during the flight phase of the aircraft landing in crosswind.
Use Deflected Trailing Edge to Improve the Aerodynamic Performance and Develop Low Solidity LPT Cascade
Authors: Chao Li , Peigang Yan , Xiangfeng Wang , Wanjin Han , Qingchao Wang
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the feasibility of improving the aerodynamic performance of low pressure turbine (LPT) blade cascades and developing low solidity LPT blade cascades through deflected trailing edge. A deflected trailing edge improved aerodynamic performance of both LPT blade cascades and low solidity LPT blade cascades. For standard solidity LPT cascades, deflecting the trailing edge can decrease the energy loss coefficient by 20.61 % for a Reynolds number (Re) of 25,000 and freestream turbulence intensities (FSTI) of 1 %. For a low solidity LPT cascade, aerodynamic performance was also improved by deflecting the trailing edge. Solidity of the LPT cascade can be reduced by 12.5 % for blades with a deflected trailing edge without a drop in efficiency. Here, the flow control mechanism surrounding a deflected trailing edge was also revealed.
Energy Drinks Improve Five-Kilometer Running Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners
Authors: Prins Philip J. , Goss Fredric L. , Nagle Elizabeth F. , Beals Kim , Robertson Robert J. , Lovalekar Mita T. , Welton Gary L.
Published: March 2016

Prins, PJ, Goss, FL, Nagle, EF, Beals, K, Robertson, RJ, Lovalekar, MT, and Welton, GL. Energy drinks improve five-kilometer running performance in recreational endurance runners. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 2979–2990, 2016—The purpose of this study was to evaluate exercise performance time and related physiological and perceptual responses of recreational endurance runners after they had ingested a commercially available energy drink (Red Bull, Red Bull GmbH, Fuschl am See, Austria) containing caffeine, glucose, and taurine. Recreational endurance runners (n = 18; 13 men and 5 women; age: 20.39 ± 3.27 years; weight: 71.25 ± 17.17 kg; height: 178.00 ± 7.57 cm; V̇o
2max: 55.94 ± 7.66 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in a double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures study where they were randomized to supplement with 500 ml of the commercially available energy drink Red Bull and a noncaffeinated, sugar-free placebo (PLA) 60 minutes before completing a 5-km time trial on a treadmill, separated by 7 days. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (RPE-Overall; RPE-Chest; RPE-Legs), and affect were recorded at rest, 1 hour before ingestion, at 5-minute intervals during the 5-km time trial, and immediately after exercise. Session RPE and session affect were obtained 5 minutes after completion of the 5-km time trial. The distance covered at each 5-minute interval during the 5-km time trial was recorded. Performance improved with the energy drink compared with placebo (Red Bull: 1,413.2 ± 169.7 vs. PLA: 1,443.6 ± 179.2 seconds; p = 0.016), but there were no differences in RPE, affect, session RPE, session affect, or the distance covered at 5-minute splits between the two 5-km time trials (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that consuming a commercially available energy drink before exercise can improve 5-km performance. These results may have application for altering pre-exercise nutritional strategies in recreational runners.
Promotion of Homologous Recombination by SWS-1 in Complex with RAD-51 Paralogs in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McClendon T Brooke , Sullivan Meghan R , Bernstein Kara A , Yanowitz Judith L
Published: March 2016

Homologous recombination (HR) repairs cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) with high fidelity. Deficiencies in HR result in genome instability. A key early step in HR is the search for and invasion of a homologous DNA template by a single-stranded RAD-51 nucleoprotein filament. The Shu complex, composed of a SWIM domain-containing protein and its interacting RAD51 paralogs, promotes HR by regulating RAD51 filament dynamics. Despite Shu complex orthologs throughout eukaryotes, our understanding of its function has been most extensively characterized in budding yeast. Evolutionary analysis of the SWIM domain identified Caenorhabditis elegans sws-1 as a putative homolog of the yeast Shu complex member Shu2. Using a CRISPR-induced nonsense allele of sws-1, we show that sws-1 promotes HR in mitotic and meiotic nuclei. sws-1 mutants exhibit sensitivity to DSB-inducing agents and fail to form mitotic RAD-51 foci following treatment with camptothecin. Phenotypic similarities between sws-1 and the two RAD-51 paralogs rfs-1 and rip-1 suggest that they function together. Indeed, we detect direct interaction between SWS-1 and RIP-1 by yeast two-hybrid assay that is mediated by the SWIM domain in SWS-1 and the Walker B motif in RIP-1. Furthermore, RIP-1 bridges an interaction between SWS-1 and RFS-1, suggesting that RIP-1 facilitates complex formation with SWS-1 and RFS-1. We propose that SWS-1, RIP-1, and RFS-1 compose a C. elegans Shu complex. Our work provides a new model for studying Shu complex disruption in the context of a multicellular organism that has important implications as to why mutations in the human RAD51 paralogs are associated with genome instability.