bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Histological Study of 18 Cases of Synovioma
Authors: Bono Aldo Vittorio , Meriggi Angelo , Guarino Michele
Published: April 2018

Eighteen cases of synovioma, 7 benign (3 males and 4 females) and 11 malignant (8 males and 3 females), were studied. The average age was 41.8 and 40.2 years for the benign and malignant synoviomas respectively. Of the 7 benign synoviomas, 4 were localized at the knee, 2 intrarticularly; similarly, 6 of 11 malignant synoviomas developed in the knee, with intrarticular localization in 4 cases. Benign synoviomas were surgically treated, with no recurrence. In the malignant group, 5 exereses, 4 amputations and 2 disarticulations were performed. In 4 cases radiotherapy was applied also. Out of the 10 malignant synoviomas followed after surgery, 4 recurrences occurred, 2 with metastases. In 2 other cases there were metastases, without local recurrence.
Radiation Therapy and Surgery in the Treatment of the Carcinoma of Tonsils and Its Metastases to Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Bullo Enzo
Published: April 2018

The results obtained in 83 cases of carcinoma of the tonsils radiologically treated from 1946 to 1955 at the Cancer Institute of Milano, are compared with those observed in 74 similar cases radiologically treated from 1928 to 1937. A considerable increase of the percentage of cases clinically cured at 5 years (47%) was observed. This result is largely due to improved radiation procedures on the primary tumor. An analysis of the results shows that the metastases to regional lymph nodes may be controlled by radical surgery without the necessity of radiation therapy.
The Caliciform Metaplasia in Ulcerous and Carcinomatous Lesions of the Stomach
Authors: Guarino Michele
Published: April 2018

A histomorphological and histochemical investigation was carried out on 200 stomachs surgically removed for carcinoma, antropyloric ulcer, hypertrophic gastritis, simple gastritis associated with duodenal ulcer. Fragments of the mucous membrane on the lesion edges, at 4 cm distance, in the mediogastric region and near the fundus were examined. It could be ascertained that the entity and frequency of the metaplasic process depend on the extent of the gastric lesion, increasing gradually from the simple gastritis to the carcinoma. This finding suggests that, in all probability, the caliciform metaplasia of gastric epithelium is related to a greater cell impairment in the cancer lesion than in the other examined lesions. It can be therefore regarded as a change able to evolve towards a precancerous condition.
Experimental Rhabdomyosarcomas in Rats and Guinea Pigs
Authors: Maltoni Cesare , Laschi Renzo , Cavina Carlo
Published: April 2018

The present investigation deals with the morphological study of the subcutaneous sarcomas which developed in rats and guinea-pigs, following a single injection of polyciclic hydrocarbons. Sixty-one rats of both sexes and different ages were injected with 5 mg or 3 mg of 9,10-dimethyl-l,2-benzanthracene (DBMA) (groups I - VI), and 3 groups, each of 8 male rats, 21 weeks old, with 5 mg of 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) (group VII), 5 mg of 3,4-benzopyrene (BP) (group VIII), and 5 mg of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (DB) (group IX). Four groups of 8-10 guinea-pigs, 26 weeks old, received an injection of 5 mg of DMBA (group X), 5 mg of MC (group XI), 5 mg of BP (group XII), 5 mg of DB (group XIII). Olive oil was used as vehicle. Fourthy-three rats treated with DMBA, 1 rat with BP, and 1 rat with DB, developed subcutaneous tumors. No tumors were obtained in the rats treated with MC. Subcutaneous tumors arose in 6 and 4 guinea-pigs treated with DMBA and with MC respectively, but not in guinea-pigs treated with BP or DB. The reason of the negative results in rats injected with MC and of the low incidence of tumors in rats injected with BP and DB, is to be related to the high early mortality of the animals of these groups, due to the toxicity of the treatment. All the subcutaneous tumors resulted to be rhabdomyosarcomas. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of typical cells, such as round or oval giant cells, strap-shaped and racquet-shaped cells, of the nuclear and cytoplasmic characters, and of the arrangement of the reticular fibers. Cross striations were observed only rarely, but their presence has not been considered necessary for the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Development of rhabdomyosarcomas in rats treated with various oncogenic agents has been reported by other authors: it is the first time, however, that these tumors are seen to arise in such a high incidence. As far as we know, these tumors have never been reported to occur in guinea-pigs.
5-Fluorouracil Alone and Associated with Irradiation in the Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Fiorentino Mario , Conte Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Fifty-four patients with advanced cancer were treated with 5-fluorouracil, alone in 42 cases, associated with irradiation in 12 cases. In the first group there were 4 carcinoma of the lung, 12 of the breast, 5 of the rectum, 3 of the stomach, 2 of the ovary, 2 of the urinary bladder, 1 of the kidney, 1 of the endometrium, 1 of the vulve, 1 of the pharynx, 1 of the larynx, 2 of unknown origin, 1 seminoma, and 2 reticulum-cell sarcomas. In the second group there were 8 carcinomas of the lungs, 3 of the tongue and 1 seminoma. In the first course of treatment, 40-90 mg/kg in 4-6 days were given; some cases received a total of 10-30 g in 1-2 years. Out the 54 cases, 26 (48 percent) showed objective regression of the tumors; in addition, in 45 cases (85 percent) there was subjective improvement. Severe toxicity was often observed; slow intravenous administration of 5 decreasing doses, in 5 days, gave the best tolerance and the best results. Generally, the improvement obtained with 5-FU alone lasted 4-6 weeks, but was maintained for longer periods by weekly doses of 10 mg/kg. The association with irradiation gave long improvement with small doses of X-rays, even not exceeding 2000 r. The most favourable cases were among breast and rectum carcinomas for the group treated with 5-FU alone, and among carcinomas of the lungs for the group treated also with irradiation.
Effect of Neutrons and X-rays on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
Authors: Silini Giovanni , Hornsey Shirley
Published: April 2018

Survival curves have been obtained for a tetraploid strain of the Ehrlich ascites tumor after irradiation with 200 kV X-rays and with fast neutrons in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. The oxygen-enhancement ratio for X-rays is 3 · 1 and for fast neutrons 1 · 8. The RBE of fast neutrons relative to 200 kV X-rays for loss of reproductive integrity is 2 · 1 in oxygen and 3 · 6 in nitrogen. The radiosensitivity of a hyper-diploid strain as defined by the slope of the exponential part of the survival curves is the same when the irradiations are carried out in oxygen. Splitting of the total dose into two fractions given at various times resulted in an increase of the surviving fraction of the cells compared to those which received the total dose in one single shot. The rate of recovery appeared to be similar for the two radiations used, and recovery was at its maximum 5 to 7 hours after the first dose.
The Effect of Epsilon-aminocaproic Acid in the Induction and Growth of Sarcomas by Benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Diomede-Fresa Vito , Fumarola Donato
Published: April 2018

Five mg of benzo[a]pyrene and 500 mg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid were injected subcutaneously three times, at the same site and at the same time, to 15 Wistar rats, while a control group was given benzpyrene alone. Subcutaneous sarcomas developed in all animals of both groups, but in the animals treated with both chemicals the latent period and the survival time was significantly shorter than in the control group, and, at the death of the animals, the weight of the tumors was considerably greater.
Cytology of Melanoblastoma
Authors: Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

Cytological diagnosis was made in 26 cases of cutaneous melanoblastoma, on smears obtained by cautious scraping of the tumor surface. The cytological pattern of melanoblastoma is characteristic: in the smear are present large atypical cells with round hyperchromic nucleus, giant binucleated cells, cells with pseudopodes and granules of melanin, abnormal mitoses.
An Electron Microscopical Study of Changes Produced by Daunomycin on HeLa Cells
Authors: Dorigotti Luciano
Published: April 2018

Daunomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, was added in 1 μg/ml concentration, to culture media in which HeLa cells were proliferating. Cells were examined with the electron microscope at different times following the treatment. Specific nucleolar alterations were observed. Within 2 hours Daunomycin induced a marked fragmentation of nucleolonema and the detachment of some nucleolar RNA granules. After 4 hours of treatment the nucleolus was decreased in size and had a spherical shape. The successive observations up to 48 hours, demonstrated progressive nucleolar exhaustion while the cytoplasm remained unchanged. The alterations of the nucleolar structures included loss of RNA granules, and appearance of small clear vacuolated areas. These findings are discussed in the light of biochemical evidences which indicate that Daunomycin inhibits RNA synthesis.
Intrathoracic Pheochromocytoma with Signs of Cortical Hyperfunction
Authors: Bucalossi Pietro , Pagnoni Annamaria , Rock Teo
Published: April 2018

A case of intrathoracic pheochromocytoma in a child 3 years old with hirsutism, physical and mental underdevelopment, increased urinary corticoids output and some others unusual clinical features is described. The case is particularly interesting not only for the rarety of the localization, but for the even more rare association between medullary and cortical hyperfunction. The latter has been described in few cases, but never in an extradrenal pheochromocytoma. The patient has been diagnosed preoperatively, operated upon successfully and followed up for about 2 years; particular attention has been put in the ECG which preoperatively showed signs of marked left ventricular hypertrophy and postoperatively an increasing of the signs, which disappeared only after several months. Likewise the catecolamines output which was very high at the beginning has remained over normal even several months after removal of the tumor. Conversely disappearance of the physical signs and improuvement in the general conditions has been dramatic soon after the operation. In regard of the pathogenesis of the syndrome, the authors describe the two main interpretations: a) stimulation of the cortical by the hyperadrenalinaemia through the hypophysis and b) association of cortical and medullary hyperfunction in the same tumor. They think the latter one is the more probable.
Clinical Trial with 4-Hydroxy-17 α-methyl-19-nortestosterone in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Salvatori Bruno
Published: April 2018

Twenty-two women with advanced breast cancer underwent clinical trial with a new hormonal compound, 4-hydroxy-17 α-methyl - 19 - nortestosterone (HMNT), in order to evaluate the antitumor activity of this steroid. The age of the patients ranged from 39 to 72 years; the compound was administrated i.m. at the dose of 50 mg a day, regularly and continuously, as long as a new progression of the neoplastic lesions was observed (in one case the treatment went on over a period of 13 months). An objective regression of the lesions was obtained in 8 of the 22 patients treated. The most impressive clinical feature of this new drug seems to consist in a more marked effect in premenopausal women, under 50 years of age. The compound proved to be practically free of virilizing action and of other unwanted side-effects, at least at the doses employed in this study.
Histological Examination in the Prognosis of Mixed Tumors of the Palate
Authors: Pizzetti Federico , Molinari Roberto , Restelli Emilio
Published: April 2018

The review of 21 cases of mixed tumor of the palate showed that the prognosis, after surgical treatment, is much better than in mixed tumors of the parotid gland. No recurrence was seen in 20 cases, although histologically they often showed great cellularity and pseudo-cylindromatous or muco-epidermoid areas. In the only case which evolved unfavourably, invasive tendency toward the mucous membrane and cylindromatous areas were found.
ABO Blood Groups in Meningiomas
Authors: Iraci Giorgio , Toffolo Gian Guido
Published: April 2018

Statistical analysis of the variations in blood group distribution among 470 consecutive cases of meningioma, operated at the Institute of Neurosurgery of the University of Padua, shows a statistically significant increase in the frequency of group B.
Implantation of Y90 Seeds in the Therapy of Hypophyseal Tumors
Authors: Buraggi Gianluigi , Marano Pasquale , Miserocchi Enrico , Romanini Attilio
Published: April 2018

Results obtained by intramural implantation of Y90 seeds in patients affected by hypophyseal tumors are presented. Advantages and limits of this method are discussed and compared with those obtained by other methods. In comparison with surgical hypophysectomy there is the advantage of less traumatism; with external radiotherapy, the possibility of irradiating the sella turcica with a very high dose. The authors deem that the dose necessary to destroy the neoplastic tissue is lower than that used for irradiation of normal pituitary tissue in order to reach a complete radiological hypophysectomy. Consequently, the treatment schemas elaborated for the 10 cases now presented, have been worked out with the aim to give to the sella turcica a dose superior or equal to 20,000 rad. Through the valuation of the post-implantation dose, it was possible to establish that the perisellar area had received a dose of 2–3,000 rad. Nevertheless, a clear and persistent improvement in patients who had a remarkable reduction of the visual field had been obtained.
Folate Activity in Malignant Blood Diseases.
Authors: Bignotti Giancarlo , Tognella Sergio , Gennari Gian Piero , Grifoni Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

Basal serum folate activity, serum folate clearance and folate output in the urine after folic acid loading, urocanic acid and formiminoglutamic acid output in the urine after histidine loading were determined on 27 patients with malignant blood diseases in therapeutic remission. The mean values for basal serum folate activity and for serum folate activity and urinary folate output after folic acid loading were significantly lower than normal, both in chronic myeloid leukemia and in Hodgkin's disease. On the contrary, in chronic lymphatic leukemia only after folic acid loading urinary folate output was significantly lower than normal. The median values for urinary excretion of histidine derivatives after histidine loading was higher than normal in Hodgkin's disease and in chronic lymphatic leukemia. Folate deficiency was observed in 16 out of the 27 patients under study. Comparative analysis of multiple test results showed different response patterns which can be attributed to different types of deficiency, namely tetrahydrofolate deficiency from primary folate deficiency and possibly tetrahydrofolate deficiency from folate metabolic abnormalities. Folate deficiency appeared to correlate with the activity of disease when expressed by such parameters as performance status and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This applies to all patients as a group, and, as far as performance status is concerned, to the chronic lymphatic leukemia patients as a subgroup. Folate deficiency did not appear to correlate with other parameters of disease nor to induce, in the majority of patients, the typical hematologic features. Folate deficiency in malignant blood diseases is likely to be somehow related to the abnormal cell proliferation, through several possible mechanisms which are analysed and discussed.
Occult Carcinoma in Thyroid Adenoma
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Pizzetti Federico , Cascinelli Natale
Published: April 2018

1111 cases of thyroid adenoma surgically removed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1966 were examinated in order to search for areas of occult carcinoma. In each case three to five istological sections were examinated. The diagnosis of malignancy was based upon histological criteria, i. e. infiltration of the tissues, invasion of basal membrane, invasion of venous vessel or of the thyroid capsule; the cytological criteria were considered by themself not sufficient to state the diagnosis of malignancy. Twenty cases (1.8%) showed microscopic areas of carcinoma. This rate does not seem to be higher than the rate of occult carcinoma in clinically normal thyroids as reported in the medical literature.
Scanning in the Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Cascinelli Natale , de Yoldi Gianfranco Coopmans , Damascelli Bruno , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

From May 1961 to September 1965, 4,000 thyroid scannings were performed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the National Cancer Institute of Milan. One thousand twenty-two cases had a nodular goiter; 190 of these patiens were treated with partial or total thyroidectomy. In this study 180 nodules, 143 adenomas and 37 carcinomas were evaluated. Out of 143 adenomas, 61 (42%) showed no functional activity, 41 (29%) had a normal scanning, and 41 (29%) showed a high I131 uptake. Out of 37 carcinomas, 17 (46%) were functionally silent, 13 (35%) had a normal scanning, and 7 (19%) showed a high I131 uptake. Twenty-four percent of the cold nodules were found to be carcinomas; however, malignant tumors were not unfrequently found also in hyperfunctioning nodules (13%) or in nodules ith normal I131 uptake (5%). The thyroid scanning did not show useful informations when the nodules were less than 1.5 cm. Although the thyroid scanning may be of some help in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, its usefulness is still limited, the final preoperative diagnosis being mainly supported by the objective clinical signs.
Evaluation of the Multiplication Rate of Human Cancer through the Study of Growth Diagrams
Authors: Massenti Sergio , Michelassi Lionello , Venturoli Lamberto
Published: April 2018

The determination of growth rates in human tumors is studied through growth diagrams obtained with radiographic or direct measurement (made several times) from the diameters of round neoplastic nodes. The mathematic development of two different growth models, one, more common, based on the dimensional increase of tumor dependent from the dual fission of all the neoplastic cells, the second based on the intervention of biological factors, which reduce, variously at different times, the quota of the cellular population active for reproduction, showed different «periods of reproduction». A third system to ascertain the « period of reproduction » of a neoplastic cells population, is based on the study of the diagrams concerned with the variation in time of the growth rate ∊: owing to the rhythm of the waves it is probable that these are dependent from the predominant phase of the cellular cycle at the time the cellular population is examined. It is suggested that it would be more realistic and closed to the biological reality to obtain the value on the « periods of reproduction » through the last two systems, the mathematic and graphic analyses of which are presented. These studies may give the basic biometrical values necessary for the planning of fractionation of irradiation therapy according to the neoplastic cellular cycle.
Clinical Evaluation of Hydroxyurea in Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Bonadonna Gianni , Monfardini Silvio , Oldini Cesare , Di Pietro Sergio
Published: April 2018

Hydroxyurea has been adequately evaluated in 27 patients with inoperable or advanced lung cancer (group A). The drug was also given to 13 patients with miscellaneous metastatic solid tumors (group B). Four different dosages of hydroxyurea were administered: 40 mg/kg/day p.o. (15 patients of group A and 7 patients of group B); 10 mg/kg/day i.v. (3 patients of group A and 1 patient of group B); 100 mg/kg/week (3 patients of group A and 2 patients of group B); 100 mg/kg i.v. on alternate days (6 patients of group A and 3 patients of group B). The total daily dose was given in two administrations with an interval of 12 hours. None of the patients had been previously treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy; their performance status was not less than 40. Subjective and objective responses, evaluated on the Karnofsky's categories, were seen in patients with advanced lung cancer, but only one patient of the miscellaneous group showed an objective response to hydroxyurea. The therapeutic responses were achieved in group A with dosages of 40 mg/kg/day p.o. (5/15 cases) and of 100 mg/kg i.v. on alternate days (4/6 cases). Relief of symptoms and objective regressions were short-lived. No maintenance treatment in responsive cases was given. There was no definite change in the basic course of the disease. The other patients treated respectively with 10 mg/kg/day and with 100 mg/kg/week were very few and received a smaller total dose of hydroxyurea. Bone marrow toxicity occurred mainly with patients receiving higher doses of hydroxyurea (40 mg/kg by mouth and 100 mg/kg i.v. on alternate days respectively). In these patients progressive leukopenia and anemia developed in almost every case, often requiring multiple blood transfusions. Megaloblastosis was checked in 3 cases. Five patients after 2–3 weeks of treatment had nasal bleeding, which disappeared spontaneously after 3–6 days. Only 2 patients, while receiving hydroxyurea by mouth, complained of nausea and epigastric distress and the drug was discontinued temporarily. Two patients showed a mild hyperuricemia after the first week of treatment. The administration of intravenous hydroxyurea at the dose of 100 mg/kg on alternate days in lung cancer deserves a more extensive trial.
Comparative Evaluation of Scanning Methods
Authors: Damascelli Bruno , Fava Giannino , Pietrjusti Marcello , Roncoroni Luigi , Sichirollo Adele Emilia
Published: April 2018

Some of the more common methods of scanning: mechanical, photographic, color and magnetic storage scanning were studied in phantom-patients in order to establish, in specified working conditions, which system shows up most clearly the variations in the distribution of a radioisotope in an organ. Color scans and photoscans supplied the best definition because of the sharper contrasts.
Synergistic Effect of Daunomycin and Immunization on the Growth of Transplantable Tumors
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio , Calendi Emidio , Di Fronzo Giovanni , Sciacchitano Antonello
Published: April 2018

By immunization with antigenic fractions obtained from the tumor, injected in the presence of Freund complete adjuvant, it is possible to obtain an immunological reaction against the implantation of Sarcoma 180 in albino Swiss mice. The treatment with the antibiotic Daunomycin, some days after the implantation of the tumor in immunized mice, produces an inhibiting effect on the tumor growth significantly higher than that due to the immunization or to the drug alone. The synergistic effect is more relevant with the low dosage of the antibiotic than with the higher one. This behavior may be related to the depressing activity of the drug towards lymphopoietic tissues.
Ninety-one Cases of Tumors of the Anus and Anal Canal.
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Valentinis Giangaspare , Zingo Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

Ninety-one cases of tumors of anus and anal canal, treated in the Surgical Department of the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1930 to 1965, are discussed. The series consists of 56 females and 35 males; the age of the patients ranges from 31 to 84 years. The distribution of the cases in relation to the age of the patients shows that the highest frequency of tumors was observed in the group of patients of 61–70 years. Twenty-seven patients presented inguinal metastatic nodes; in 18 of them metastases were bilateral. Nineteen patients (20.19 %) presented advanced tumors and could not be radically treated; 33 (36.3 %) underwent radiological treatment; 37 (40.6 %) were amenable to radical surgery: of these, in 26 a perineal resection and in 10 cases an abdomino-perineal resection were performed. In 2 of the last 10 cases a pelvic lymphadenectomy was also performed; in 5 of the patients radically operated a dissection of inguinal nodes was done. A regular follow-up was possible for 29 of the 37 patients radically treated: the 5 years survival rate for the two groups, perineal and abdomino-perineal resection, was of 48 per cent and 50 per cent respectively.
Are the Showers of Cancer Cells in the Blood Responsible for an Increase in Metastases?
Authors: Agostino Domenico
Published: April 2018

Showers of cancer cells were detected in the blood of animals bearing an experimental colon carcinoma of the rat following the administration of fluids into the tumor mass. These showers of cancer cells, however, persisted in the circulating blood only for a short period of time.

A significant increase in blood fibrinogen levels and a rapid consumption of factor VIII were also detected after surgery.

Hepatic metastases occurred in 9.2 % of the control animals, in 27.7 % of the sodium pentobarbital treated animals, and in 22.4 % of those inoculated with sodium chloride intratumor.

The significance of the presence of the showers of cancer cells into the circulating blood produced during these procedures, and the possibilities that these may increase metastases is discussed.
Response to Phytohemagglutinin of Mixed Cultures of Homologous Lymphocytes from Normal Subjects and Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Rugarli Claudio , Grifoni Vincenzo , Tossi Bruna , Scorza Raffaella , Malacco Ettore
Published: April 2018

Mixed lymphocyte cultures in the presence of PHA were performed as follows: (a) normal lymphocytes added to lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia; (b) normal lymphocytes from two unrelated subjects. In both cases, lymphocyte transformation in 72 h cultures was often lowered if compared with the values expected according to the sum of the responses to PHA of both partners. Such a decrease is consistent with an interference between the transforming effect of PHA and the stimulation due to the histoincompatibility of the cultured cells. The possibility that in some cultures the two stimulations may result in additional effect is discussed.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignant Lymphoma during Pregnancy
Authors: Di Re Francesco , Bellani Franca Fossati , Monfardini Silvio
Published: April 2018

Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoma associated with pregnancy observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1953 to 1968, are reported. Four patients without retroperitoneal adenopathies were treated prophilactically with endolymphatic radiotherapy (Lipiodol Fluide 181I) and became pregnant afterwards. Their pregnancy had a normal outcome. Two patients treated respectively during the first 4 months and from the 6th to the 7th month of pregnancy with antiproliferative agents (chlorambucil, vinblastine) delivered a normal infant while a third patient treated during the third month of pregnancy had a miscarriage. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy on adenopathies above the diaphragm and had normal pregnancy and delivery, with normal foetuses. The importance of diagnostic lymphography during pregnancy to define the stage of the disease and to plan the appropriate treatment is stressed. A therapeutic abortion is indicated only in presence of adenopathies below the diaphragm or in case of visceral involvement, discovered during the first three months of pregnancy. It was performed in one case after a lymphographic diagnosis of pelvic involvement.
Prolonged Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Molinari Roberto , De Palo Giuseppe M. , Preda Ferdinando , Gennari Leandro , Di Pietro Sergio
Published: April 2018

The cases of advanced head and neck tumors treated with palliative chemotherapy by prolonged arterial infusion at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy, between 1960 and 1970 are reviewed. The drugs most frequently used were: Methotrexate (alone or associated with Daunorubycin), Daunorubycin and Adriamycin. 97 infusions were performed in 92 patients and 63 had lesions suitable for evaluation. Regression occurred in 43 (68.3%): over 50% of the starting size of the tumor in 15 and under 50% in 28; 13 patients died as a result of the treatment. Side-effects were numerous and frequent and the incidence of local complications was high, especially in cases of direct cannulation, which also ensured the biggest decreases in tumor size. Cancer of the movable part of the tongue was most responsive to the treatment. Adriamycin with 88 % of regressions and Methotrexate with 73 % were the most effective drugs. The results of this series show that prolonged intra-arterial chemotherapy can yield a high regression rate in head and neck cancer but is is not devoid of serious side-effects and the incidence of local toxic and technical complications is high. Because of this and of the short duration of regression, it is doubtful whether arterial infusion represents an advance over other modes of administering chemotherapy.
Ovarian and Other Timor Induction by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene in the Syrian Golden Hamster
Authors: Toth Bela
Published: April 2018

Two or three weekly repeated intravenous injections of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) in 15% fat emulsion were given to adult randomly bred Syrian golden hamsters. The treatments resulted in the induction of ovarian tumors in the females with incidence of 77% and 85% in the twice and three times injected animals respectively. Out of the 45 ovarian tumors found in the treated groups, 23 were the granulosa cell type, 6 were the theca cell type, 15 were the granulosa-theca cell type (mixed) and one was a hilar cell tumor. In 35 animals the tumors occurred bilaterally and in 10 unilaterally.

Additionally, a significant percentage of animals of both sexes developed dermal melanocytomas, tumors of forestomach, breast, intestines, skin, subcutis, lymphoreticular tissue, etc.

The induction of ovarian tumors with high incidence by a chemical carcinogen in the hamster provides a model by which the factors involved in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm could be studied.
Malignancy Associated Changes in False Negative Sputum Specimens
Authors: Rilke Franco , Pilotti Silvana
Published: April 2018

100 consecutive sputum specimens from 100 patients of this Institute with squamous and/or cylindrical cells containing hyperchromatic nuclei arrested in telophase (MAC-A) were evaluated. Retrospective analysis of clinical data revealed in 88 cases a proven malignant tumor; 6 cases were still under investigation with strong clinical evidence of lung cancer and 6 cases had no malignant tumor. In 34 cases malignant tumor cells (MTC) were found in the first sputum specimen, and in a further 17 cases MTC appeared in repeated sputa. The strong coincidence (88%) of cells with MAC-A in sputum specimens, with or without MTC, and malignant tumors, either in the respiratory tract or elsewhere is preliminary evidence for the suitability of MAC-A as a diagnostic aid. The presence of MAC-A positive cells indicates the need for further clinical search for possible occult malignancies.
Biological, Histological and Ultrastructural Aspects of Hodgkin's-Like Lymphomas in SJL/J Mice
Authors: Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Pennelli Natale , Collavo Dino
Published: April 2018

Spontaneous lymphoma developed in 57 % female SJL/J mice, with a mean latent period of 58 weeks and in 33 % male SJL/J mice with a mean latent period of 72 weeks. In (CBA x SJL) F1 and F2, the incidence in females was 79 % and 67 % at a mean age of 107 and 100 weeks respectively while in males it was 53 % and 41 % at 111 and 106 weeks. In reciprocal F1 and F2 hybrids, an incidence of 62 % and 37 % was observed in females at 118 and 109 weeks of age, while in males it was 33 % and 43 % at the mean ages of 72 and 90 weeks. Gross lesions were usually restricted to mesenteric, cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and spleen. Less frequently, lungs, liver, kidney and thymus were also involved. Histological examination of nodes in the pre-neoplastic stage revealed follicular hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers, sinus hystiocytosis, precence of pyroninophilic cells within the paracortical area and medulla, medullary plasmocytosis and epithelioid sarcoid-like noduli. Nodes, spleen and other affected organs examined during overt disease showed a pleomorphic pattern characteristic of type B reticulum cell neoplasm according to Dunn and contained predominantly plasma cells, giant cells or reticulum cells. At the electron microscope, these different cell types were detected within the neoplastic tissue. In addition, cells resembling immunoblasts were frequently observed, which suggests that they might represent proliferating tumor cells capable of differentiating into plasma cells. Type C-immature and A intracisternal particles were repeatedly observed, but no type C-mature particles were seen. Attempts to transplant neoplastic tissue in syngeneic hosts were successful. Cell-free extracts from primary SJL/J lymphomas were injected in newborn RFM and CBA mice. 4 out of 9 RFM mice developed SJL/J-like lymphoma at 64–70 weeks of age, while no lymphomas were found in 8 CBA mice over 70 weeks of age. Freund adjuvant injected intraperitoneally in (CBA x SJL/J) F1 mice did not modify the incidence or the latency of the lymphomas when compared with control animals.
Nitrosourea-Induced Brain Tumors in the Rat. Comments on the Pathogenesis of Mixed and Polymorphic Gliomas
Authors: Schiffer Davide , Fabiani Armando , Grossi-Paoletti Enrica , Paoletti Pietro
Published: April 2018

Mixed gliomas are among the most frequent of brain tumors induced by nitrosourea derivatives. In a personal collection of 300 experimental tumors 142 were gliomas. The characteristics of the various oncotypes are described, with special reference to mixed and polymorphic gliomas. Generally, gliomas develop from microtumors and polymorphic gliomas from isomorphic gliomas. For this reason mixed gliomas probably represent an intermediate stage of the transformation. The principal cellular components of mixed gliomas in order of frequency are: oligodendroglial, astrocytic, ependymal and sarcomatous. Some pathogenetic hypotheses are advanced to explain the changes observed in gliomas during their development.
A Study of Stress (Repeated Centrifugations) Interference with Subcutaneous Carcinogenesis in Mice
Authors: Abeatici Sergio , Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

C3H and Swiss male mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg methylcholanthrene and were subsequently centrifuged (5 weekly treatments for 5 weeks: at each treatment mice were centrifuged at 3.8 g for 1 h). Tumor incidence was 100 % in both stressed and non-stressed mice: no differences in survival time were observed.
Comparative Toxic and Therapeutic Effects of Adriamycin and Bleomycin in Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: De Lena Mario , Beretta Gianni
Published: April 2018

The toxic and therapeutic results obtained during phase I and phase II evaluation of adriamycin (ADM) and bleomycin (BLM) in 92 adequately treated cases with malignant lymphomas are reviewed. The number of pretreated patients as well as the different histologic expression of lymphoma are given together with the incidence of toxic manifestations (table 3, text-fig. 1). Stomatitis and alopecia are caused by both drugs and show about the same incidence as first sign of toxicity. Interstitial pulmonary lesions produced by BLM were observed in a fairly large percentage of cases and represent at the dosage used a limiting factor to prolonged administration. The therapeutic response has been evaluated on the Karnofsky's scale. With ADM category I response occurred in 72.2% of cases and with BLM in 50% (table 5, 6). Complete remissions for more than 1 year occurred in 3 patients treated with ADM and 1 with BLM. With both drugs all types of lesions responded, including bone marrow invasion. In responsive patients remissions occurred promptly (average 13.7 days with ADM and 10.3 days with BLM) (table 4). Because of their toxic and therapeutic properties, both drugs appear suitable for therapeutic trials in combination with conventional agents.
Hepatic Cholangiohamartomas (Von Meyenburg Complexes)
Authors: Pollice Lucio , Colonna Massimo
Published: April 2018

Von Meyenburg complexes (multiple bile-duct microhamartomas) are formed by numerous groups of small bile-ducts comprised in a fibrous stroma. Together with other bile-duct hamartomas, such as cholangioadenomas and cholangiocystadenomas (often included under the heading of von Meyenburg complexes), they are closely related pathogenetically to polycystic disease of the liver. The frequent association of other developmental anomalies, both of the liver (hemangiomas) and of other organs (namely cystic disease of the kidney), confirms the malformative origin. The possible malignant transformation of von Meyenburg complexes has recently been reported. Seven cases of hepatic cholangiohamartomas are reported: three multiple bile-duct microhamartomas (1 associated with cystic disease of the kidney), two cholangioadenomas (1 associated with hepatic hemangioma) and two biliary cystadenomas.
Action of Titanium on Guinea Pig Macrophages and Human Lymphocytes Cultured in Vitro.
Authors: Scelsi Roberto , Cislaghi Enrico , Scelsi Mario
Published: April 2018

The action of titanium on guinea pig macrophages and human lymphocytes cultured in vitro is studied with the fluorochromasia test and with the extent of blast transformation and mitoses. No differences between the percentages of macrophages which show fluorochromasia are observed in cultures with titanium and in untreated control cultures. Titanium doesn't exert negative influence on reduplication of human lymphocytes cultured in vitro with phytohemoagglutinine (P.H.A.).
Symptoms and Survival in Lung Cancer.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Ravasi Gianni , Vaglini Maurizio
Published: April 2018

From the analysis of 167 patients with lung cancer operated by radical resection at the National Cancer Institute of Milan and from the review of the literature, the authors reach the following conclusions: a) Prognosis of lung cancer is related to symptoms. Prognosis is better in asymptomatic patients and in those with long-term primary symptoms than in patients with short-term symptoms, or with clinical signs of mediastinal involvement or metastases. Symptomatologic classification is therefore useful also in a pretherapeutic phase. b) Although in asymptomatic patients there are better chances of cure, mass screening in asymptomatic people may be unsuccessful because of the limited number of asymptomatic cancers and the limits in radiographic diagnosis. This latter, in fact, even if rouled out in a preclinical phase, is not early. c) We need new epidemiological trends to improve both the effectiveness of mass screening and therapy in asymptomatic people.
A Case of Enterogenous Cyst of the Mediastinum.
Authors: Boaron Maurizio , Zingo Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

The case of a 52-year-old woman with an enterogenous cyst of the mediastinum adhering to the supradiaphragmatic esophagus, surgically removed in right posterior thoracotomy is described. The latest hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of this morbid entity are reviewed.
End Results of Surgical Treatment of 622 Cases of Tumors of the Salivary Glands.
Authors: Catania Carmelo Vinicio , Galante Emanuele , Bandieramonte Gaetano , Salvadori Bruno
Published: April 2018

Surgery was performed on 622 patients with tumors of the salivary glands from 1929 to 1972; the gland affected was the parotid in 527 cases, the submandibular glands in 50, and minor salivary glands of palate and other sites in 45. The analysis of distant results point out that both for benign and malignant tumors total sialoadenectomy must be the treatment of choice, as demonstrated by the high rate of recurrence after local excision or partial resection of the gland, even in cases of surely benign lesions such as mixed tumors. It is worthy of being quoted the high rate of recurrence from cylindromas, especially of the palate (48.5%), after surgical removal. As to malignancies of parotid and submandibular glands 5-years survival rates after radical surgery were of 52 % and 30 % respectively.
Pleuroparenchymal and Cardiomediastinal Reactions in the Radiotherapy of Malignant Lymphomas.
Authors: Severini Aldo , Zucali Roberto , Rabbi Anna
Published: April 2018

The radiographic documentation for over 300 malignant lymphoma patients who received radiotherapy to the hilo-mediastinal regions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan is examined with a view to ascertaining the pleuroparenchymal and cardiomediastinal sequelae of irradiation in a fairly homogeneous series in respect of treatment techniques. Early and late lesions of varying severity, mild, marked and severe, were found in 60% of the patients. Only in 15% were the lesions severe; in 6% pronounced pleural effusions were found and in 1.2 % exudative pericarditis. To identify the etiological factors, the lesions were correlated with several variables: patient age, disease stage, pretreatment condition of the intrathoracic organs, radiotherapeutic techniques and doses, and combined therapy with Bleomycin at the doses usually given in the treatment of lymphomas, where relevant. Of these factors only the radiotherapeutic technique (site and number of fields, division of dose) and especially the dose absorbed seem to be relatively closely related to the frequency and severity of the post-irradiation lesions. There seem to be other factors in the genesis of these lesions, probably related to individual reactivity, but for these we have no evaluation parameters.
Cellular Immunity in Two Familial Cases of Thyroid Carcinoma.
Authors: Palestro Giorgio , Navone Roberto , Coda Renato , Mussa Antonio , Abeatici Sergio
Published: April 2018

Cellular immunity in two brothers with thyroid carcinoma in a family presenting pathological thyroid changes was investigated. In these brothers a low PHA lymphocyte blast-transformation and an elevated number of surface membrane Ig bearing lymphocytes were observed. These data are discussed in relation to the question of immunological defects which frequently are present in carcinoma patients.
A Method of Submacroscopic Study of the Whole Human Breast.
Authors: Migliori Elena
Published: April 2018

A method of submacroscopic study of the whole human breast is described. Breasts are removed surgically or at autopsy. Serial thin sections (2 mm.) are defatted, stained, clarified, preserved in sealed plastic bags, observed under a dissecting microscope and photographed. The lesions found are interpreted and removed for histological examination. The method is simple, allows a careful and complete study of the glandular lesions and appears to be suitable for studies on origin and development of human breast cancer.
Uro-radiographic Investigations in Patients with Tumors in the Large Bowel.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Doci Roberto , Valente Maurizio
Published: April 2018

At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, from 1970 to 1974, 154 patients with cancer of the large bowel underwent urography; 80 cases before surgery and 74 after surgery. Preoperative findings, correlated with neoplasia, were found in 4 patients, while non-neoplastic lesions were found in 32 patients. During postoperative evaluation, 21 patients showed lesions by locoregional diffusion of the neoplasia with involvement of the ureters especially by metastatic nodes. Less frequent was the finding of bladder involvement. 30 patients presented lesions due to surgery. Urography is useful for evaluating patients with neoplasia of the large bowel, especially after surgery and during follow-up.
Primary Hepatic Infantile Hemangioendothelioma.
Authors: Pollice Lucio , Pagliarulo Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Primary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor, characterized by its appearance in early infancy as well as by the frequent association with various malformations and with similar angiomatous tumors of other tissues and organs. It may be single or multinodular and it is often complicated by severe peritoneal hemorrage. Two histologic types of this tumor are known: tipe 1 is sharply circumscribed and is considered similar to so called capillary hypertrophic hemangioma, while type 2, by showing aggressive, infiltrative and anaplastic features, is rather close to angiosarcoma. Clinical and pathological data concerning two cases of type 2 primary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma are reported. On the basis of experimental results and epidemiological data on hepatic angiosarcoma of adults, a possible etiopathogenetic relationship with maternal exposure during pregnancy to dangerous environmental factors is postulated.
Differential Morphologic Criteria in Sarcomatous-Like Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Piscioli Francesco , Micoli Giorgio , Olivetti Giorgio
Published: April 2018

A case of Grawitz tumor with diffuse sarcomatous-like pattern is reported. This feature is regarded as the anaplastic evolution of a carcinoma, lacking glycogen and rich in lipids. Since this histochemical specificity is maintained in the sarcomatous-like fields, the searching for lipids and serial sectioning examination of the neoplasia is mandatory unless ultrastructural analysis is available. This histological approach is useful when a pathologist, dealing with a lesion suggestive of soft tissue tumor, has to diagnose or exclude an epithelial origin for the neoplasia. Malignancy of the sarcomatous-like areas is shown by the malignant nuclear B and BC structures that exclude the possibility of stromal desmoplasia.
Therapy of Advanced Esophageal Cancer with Bleomycin, Irradiation and Combination of Bleomycin with Irradiation
Authors: Kolarić Krsto , Maričić Željko , Dujmović Ivo , Roth Anton
Published: April 2018

Results from treating 51 patients with advanced esophageal cancer are presented. Fifteen patients were treated with Bleomycin, 12 with radiotherapy, and 24 with a combination of Bleomycin and radiotherapy. The best results were achieved in the group of patients treated with combined therapy showing 62% objective remissions (15/24) which was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in comparison to the other groups. In the Bleomycin therapy group, there were 26% objective remissions (4/15), and in the group treated only with radiotherapy 33% (4/12). The median duration of remission was 9 months in the combined therapy group, 6.3 months in the group treated with radiotherapy, and 2.6 months in the Bleomycin treated group. The authors concluded that the combination of Bleomycin and radiotherapy seems to be a further step in palliative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.
Sarcoid Type Granuloma in Lymph Nodes with Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Urbano Ugo
Published: April 2018

Sarcoid type granuloma have been observed in lymph nodes with Hodgkin's disease. Several pathogenetic hypotheses have been considered, and finally the picture has been interpreted as the epithelioid form of Hodgkin's disease.