bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Unplanned Readmissions Following a Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mohammadi Ramin , Jain Sarthak , Namin Amir T , Scholem Heller Melissa , Palacholla Ramya , Kamarthi Sagar , Wallace Byron
Published: November 2020

Background

Total joint replacements are high-volume and high-cost procedures that should be monitored for cost and quality control. Models that can identify patients at high risk of readmission might help reduce costs by suggesting who should be enrolled in preventive care programs. Previous models for risk prediction have relied on structured data of patients rather than clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). The former approach requires manual feature extraction by domain experts, which may limit the applicability of these models.

Objective

This study aims to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for predicting the risk of 30-day readmission following knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. The input data for these models come from raw EHRs. We empirically demonstrate that unstructured free-text notes contain a reasonably predictive signal for this task.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 7174 patients at Partners Healthcare collected between 2006 and 2016. These data were split into train, validation, and test sets. These data sets were used to build, validate, and test models to predict unplanned readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge. The proposed models made predictions on the basis of clinical notes, obviating the need for performing manual feature extraction by domain and machine learning experts. The notes that served as model inputs were written by physicians, nurses, pathologists, and others who diagnose and treat patients and may have their own predictions, even if these are not recorded.

Results

The proposed models output readmission risk scores (propensities) for each patient. The best models (as selected on a development set) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846 (95% CI 82.75-87.11) for hip and 0.822 (95% CI 80.94-86.22) for knee surgery, indicating reasonable discriminative ability.

Conclusions

Machine learning models can predict which patients are at a high risk of readmission within 30 days following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures on the basis of notes in EHRs with reasonable discriminative power. Following further validation and empirical demonstration that the models realize predictive performance above that which clinical judgment may provide, such models may be used to build an automated decision support tool to help caretakers identify at-risk patients.
Understanding Parents’ Experiences When Caring for a Child With Functional Constipation: Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Thompson Alison P , MacDonald Shannon E , Wine Eytan , Scott Shannon D
Published: November 2020

Background

Pediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common but serious medical condition. Despite significant effects on children, families, and the health care system, the condition is typically undertreated. Parents carry the primary responsibility for complex treatment programs; therefore, understanding their experiences and needs may offer a critical perspective toward improving clinical care.

Objective

The aim of this study is to understand and give voice to parents’ experiences and information needs when caring for a child with FC. The ultimate objective is to build an evidence base suitable for creating a digital knowledge translation tool to better support parents caring for a child with FC.

Methods

This qualitative design used an interpretive description methodology to generate findings aimed at improving clinical care. One-on-one, in-depth interviews were completed either in person or through web-based teleconferencing to explore parents’ perspectives. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently.

Results

Analysis of 16 interviews generated 4 major themes: living in the shadows; not taken seriously, with a subtheme of persevering and advocating; missing information and misinformation; and self-doubt and strained relationships. One minor theme of affirmative influences that foster resilience and hope was identified.

Conclusions

Parents have unmet needs for support and information related to pediatric FC. To address gaps in current care provision, decision makers may consider interventions for clinicians, resources for parents, and shifting care models to better meet parents’ needs.
Adaptive Elements in Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment Systems: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Mukhiya Suresh Kumar , Wake Jo Dugstad , Inal Yavuz , Pun Ka I , Lamo Yngve
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Internet-delivered psychological treatments (IDPTs) are built on evidence-based psychological treatment models, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and are adjusted for internet use. The use of internet technologies has the potential to increase access to evidence-based mental health services for a larger proportion of the population with the use of fewer resources. However, despite extensive evidence that internet interventions can be effective in the treatment of mental health disorders, user adherence to such internet intervention is suboptimal.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to (1) inspect and identify the adaptive elements of IDPT for mental health disorders, (2) examine how system adaptation influences the efficacy of IDPT on mental health treatments, (3) identify the information architecture, adaptive dimensions, and strategies for implementing these interventions for mental illness, and (4) use the findings to create a conceptual framework that provides better user adherence and adaptiveness in IDPT for mental health issues.

METHODS

The review followed the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The research databases Medline (PubMed), ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for studies dating from January 2000 to January 2020. Based on predetermined selection criteria, data from eligible studies were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 3341 studies were initially identified based on the inclusion criteria. Following a review of the title, abstract, and full text, 31 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected, most of which described attempts to tailor interventions for mental health disorders. The most common adaptive elements were feedback messages to patients from therapists and intervention content. However, how these elements contribute to the efficacy of IDPT in mental health were not reported. The most common information architecture used by studies was tunnel-based, although a number of studies did not report the choice of information architecture used. Rule-based strategies were the most common adaptive strategies used by these studies. All of the studies were broadly grouped into two adaptive dimensions based on user preferences or using performance measures, such as psychometric tests.

CONCLUSIONS

 Several studies suggest that adaptive IDPT has the potential to enhance intervention outcomes and increase user adherence. There is a lack of studies reporting design elements, adaptive elements, and adaptive strategies in IDPT systems. Hence, focused research on adaptive IDPT systems and clinical trials to assess their effectiveness are needed.
JAMES FENIMORE COOPER AND THE IDEA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN THE LEATHERSTOCKING TALES (1823-1841)
Authors: Wuntu Ceisy Nita
Published: November 2020

The spirit to respect the rights of all living environment in literature that was found in the 1970s in William Rueckert’s works was considered as the emergence of the new criticism in literature, ecocriticism, which brought the efforts to trace the spirit in works of literature. Works arose after the 1840s written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margareth Fuller, the American transcendentalists, are considered to be the first works presenting the respect for the living environment as claimed by Peter Barry. James Fenimore Cooper’s reputation in American literary history appeared because of his role in leading American literature into its identity. Among his works, The Leatherstocking Tales mostly attracted European readers’ attention when he successfully applied American issues. The major issue in the work is the spirit of the immigrants to dominate flora, fauna and human beings as was experienced by the indigenous people. Applying ecocriticism theory in doing the analysis, it has been found that Cooper’s works particularly his The Leatherstocking Tales (1823-1841) present Cooper’s great concern for the sustainable life. He shows that compassion, respect, wisdom, and justice are the essential aspects in preserving nature that meet the main concern of ecocriticism and hence the works that preceded the transcendentalists’ work places themselves as the embryo of ecocriticism in America.Keywords: Ecocriticism, James Fenimore Cooper, The Leatherstocking Tales, living environment, sustainable life
THE TRANSNATIONAL SUCCESS OF COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE
Authors: Dukut Ekawati Marhaenny
Published: November 2020

Studying about an American popular culture product such as the Cosmopolitan magazine for American Studies’ scholars can no longer be framed in studying how it is operated within the U.S. only. Instead, a look at how it is being transferred across nation’s borders and how it is regulated in other nations become a concern also to scholars. Time and space is no longer a border for a world that is transnational, so global values that are being sold in the magazine’s advertisements are being made continually popular by inserting local ideas. How has Cosmopolitan successfully achieved its globality? The following article discusses on the transnational culture that Cosmopolitan and its magazine advertisement brings and howit has taken in the local to support the global.Key words: Cosmopolitan, Global, Local, Transnational, Popular culture
REPRESENTATION OF COCA COLA AS AMERICAN MULTICULTURAL ICON IN THE TV ADVERTISEMENT AMERICA IS BEAUTIFUL
Authors: Amalina Benita
Published: November 2020

On February 2, 2014, Coca Cola released a new television advertisement titled “America is Beautiful” during Super Bowl event. The advertisement shows American multicultural families having a good time together. What makes this advertisement different from the previous ones, is the usage of a patriotic song America is Beautiful as the musical background. This research examines how Coca Cola as a brand represents the multicultural America through this advertisement. The result shows that it is affected by the historical values and the fact that the CEO of Coca Cola blatantly advertise multicultural America by encouraging and supporting the immigrants.Keywords: Advertisement, popular culture, multiculturalism, immigrants
THE IDEOLOGY OF MINORITY: A TRANSNATIONAL STUDY OF THE AMERICAN NEW LEFT IN 1960S
Authors: Kasjuaji Kidhot
Published: November 2020

Student organizations have been acknowledged as vanguards and agents of social and political change in some parts of the world. In America, the dynamic student organizations cannot be set apart from American history. The upheaval of the 1960s signaled the advent of the New Left movement, comprising the Free Speech Movement (FSM) and Students for A Democratic Society (SDS). While, in the Indonesian experience, there was somewhat of a similarity of thought and spirit related with the role of student movements historically. Therefore, the study is intended to discover the emergence of the New Left in Europe and America, and expose the cultural hybridity-similarities and reasons of occurrence-of the American New Left and Indonesian student movement in the 1970s. This research is written under the American Studies discipline, specifically related to Transnational American Studies by employing cultural hybridity and border discourse. The finding shows that the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s comprises of a means of globalizing the New Left in Europe and America, involving the universal ideas of inequality, communication, people migration, and social phenomena in the 1960s and the cultural hybridity of the ideology of the American New Left in the 1960s and the Indonesian student movement of the 1970s evidently showing that the New Left is a ‘third ideology’ by resisting two globalized ideologies during the 1960s, capitalism and communism. In addition, the locality or sustained values, which are democracy and social justice and the universal values shared of the American New Left, FSM and SDS, and the Indonesian student movement in the 1970s are anti-establishment and anti-capitalistic society.Keywords: New Left, ideology, cultural hybridity, border discourse, minority.
AN IMAGE OF AMERICAN MUSLIMS THROUGH UPDIKE’S TERRORIST: A STUDY OF IDENTIFICATION AND REPRESENTATION
Authors: Aziz Diba Prajamitha
Published: November 2020

In the aftermath of September 9/11 tragedy, an image of Muslim dramatically becomes popular topic and object for the researchers. Although analyses for the most part tend to explain the image of Muslim in negative and stereotypical tendency, the wave of action that expresses positive image of Muslim has surfaced in American society. In that case, this thesis using a novel to see that social phenomena attempted to reveal that an image of American Muslims as represented by Ahmad Ashmawy Mulloy in Updike’s Terrorist contributed to endorse an image of Muslim neither as extremist nor as terrorist. To achieve its purpose, firstly this study employs theory of imaginary and symbolic identification from Jacques Lacan. This theory is used to explain the impact of fatherless background, the presence of surrogate father and the influence of another figure on Ahmad. Secondly focusing on an image of American Muslims, theory of representation from Hall is applied. His theory is as a bridge that Muslim can be constructed and represented in the novel. Furthermore, opinions about extremist and moderate Muslim are used to explain those images through characteristics such as thought, action and orientation. The result of the study reveals that the process of identification divides people whom Ahmad had interaction into category of Muslim and non-Muslim group. Muslim group teaches Islamic identity to Ahmad and non-Muslim group plays big role to influence Ahmad to integrate himself into American society. Due to those groups, an identity and image of Ahmad is always related to the other. Focusing on Ahmad’s representation as American Muslim, he shows that there are three images such as extremist, transitional and moderate. As a result, through depicting Ahmad as moderate Muslim, Muslim is not terrorist.Keywords: American Muslim, identification, representation, extremist Muslim, moderate Muslim
NEGOTIATION OF IDENTITY IN DIASPORIC LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY ON AMY TAN’S THE HUNDRED SECRET SENSES AND LESLIE MARMON SILKO’S CEREMONY
Authors: Nindyasmara Ken Ruri
Published: November 2020

Negotiation of identity has become an important issue because its never-ending process always relates to conflicts, differences and similarities. Chinese Americans and Native Americans are two distinct diasporic communities amongst other ethnic group in the U.S. As minorities, they experience prejudice, discrimination and exclusion from mainstream American culture and society. This research aims to reveal the negotiation of identity of Chinese Americans and Native Americans which is reflected on their literature. Literature is seen as the record of diasporic experience of both ethnic groups. This research is qualitative conducted under Post-Nationalist American Studies. Post-colonial, hegemony and representation theories are used to help the process of data analysis. The primary data is taken from The Hundred Secret Senses written by Amy Tan and Ceremony written by Leslie Marmon Silko. The secondary data are taken from books, journals, and internet sources. The finding of the research shows that Chinese Americans and Native Americans negotiate their identity by choosing or combining competing values. The construction of identity is done through the reenactment of ethnic root and the adaptation to mainstream American cultural values. Sense of belongingness, history and socio-cultural background become the determining factors of identity negotiation. In brief, they construct hybrid identity to survive and to counter American hegemony. Compared to Native Americans, Chinese Americans are more blending to mainstream American culture. However, both novels depict their hybrid identity. Keywords: identity negotiation, diasporic literature, diaspora communities, hegemony, hybrid identity
STEREOTYPING AFRICAN AMERICANS’ RACIAL IDENTITY ON VALERIE MARTIN’S PROPERTY
Authors: Rasiah Rasiah
Published: November 2020

This study is intended to analyze the persistence of African American stereotype in the contemporary slavery-themed novel authored by Valerie Martin, Property (2003). Valerie Martin is a white author, who seems to have changed the slavery discourse, but the stereotyping of African Americans is still there and built in a new form of stereotyping. Postcolonial analysis showed that the stereotyping of African Americansas ‘other’ existed in direct stereotyping and indirect stereotyping. Direct stereotyping is that the author directly uses the pejorative language and symbols in forming the African American character, meanwhile indirect stereotyping is the author using the shift of discourse that seemed worthy in describing the African American character, but in the same time it affirms the stereotype of the African American identity as inferior still exists, even in the so-called Post-racial era in the United States. Keywords: Representation, Stereotyping, Identity, Race, African American
MODERATE ISLAM AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE POST 9/11 AMERICA AS IMPLIED IN IMAM FEISAL ABDUL RAUF’S MOVING
Authors: Pratama Rifka
Published: November 2020

American Muslim is one of some existing religious minorities in America. Despite of minority, this religious group has been long, some believed it has been even since the Columbus exploration, living in the country. As time goes, the American Muslims are able to blend with American Society. These Muslim individuals are found in many fields of life of American, such as social, economic, education, and even politics in America. This condition is anyway worth appreciating as the struggle of American Muslims for their existence is not something simple and easy. Apart from the reality, the deadly attacks of 9/11, to some extent, has put American Muslims to be objects of suspicions. Soon after the tragedy, Muslims in many occasions are prejudiced as harsh, and of course, terrorists. These suspicions and prejudice have been, in fact, long found in the middle of American society pre-9/11 attacks. However, the tragedy aggravates the status quo of the American Muslims and it soon creates the worst point of so-called Islamophobia. In response to this phenomenon, many American Muslims start to deliver counters in various ways and media. Among the American Muslim figures, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, an American Muslim activist and leader, actively brushes off the bad images of Islam, especially regarding the 9/11 tragedy. Through his book entitled “Moving the Mountain: beyond Ground Zero to a New Vision of Islam in America”, Rauf explains his views on Islam. This book also implies counters to the so-called phenomena of Islamophobia. On the other hand, Moderate Islam contains the same spirits with Rauf’s Moving the Mountain. It offers the spirit of moderation in understanding and practicing Islam. Both the ideas in turn are able to counter Islamophobia in America, especially in post 9/11 America.Keyword: American Muslims, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, Moving the Mountain,Islamophobia, Moderate Islam
HYBRIDITY IN POPULAR CULTURE: A TRANSNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN ADAPTATIONS OF JAPANESE MOVIES IN 21st CENTURY
Authors: Febrina Della Putri
Published: November 2020

American popular culture has developed from time to time in producing the products. In the progress, the popular product has been modified to satisfy the taste of the consumer and Hollywood is being the one of popular product maker which applied modifications in manufacturing movies; and the result of the development is hybridity seen in Hollywood movies.The journal is written under American Studies discipline, by applying transnational analysis as the basis of the study. Furthermore, the research also used the theory of hybridity in constructing the analysis which concerned about American adaptations of Japanese original movies, namely The Grudge, Hachi: A Dog’s Tale, and Godzilla. The method used in the journal is the qualitative research which comprises the library research by analyzing the three movies as the primary data and the information of the production as the secondary data.There are some conclusions met in the analysis. Being the first one is the three movies definitely adopt American and Japanese narratives and build a new sphere where the two nations living under the same frame. The adoption includes adoption of values, language, and iconic figure in Japan. Then, the second discussion which intended to see the changing of values and taste in Hollywood has resulted some conclusions that the Hollywood has power in shifting the values of the original movies which defined as eastern values to be the ones which related to American values and the three American adaptations in the journal trigger the emergence of American movies with Asian narratives. Keywords: Hybridity, transnational, Hollywood, movies, popular culture, adaptation
Jewish Immigrant Foodways: Hyphenating America
Authors: Faradhillah Nadia
Published: November 2020

The article’s propose is understanding the position of Kosher Laws in Jewish foodways as religious and cultural signifier for Jews’ identity. Beside, this article also aims to explain the way the Jewish immigrants assimilate with American culture through their foodways. This topic is chosen because Jewish immigrants have unique position in American society in accordance to their food way. In the New Land that guarantees them freedom they struggle to keep their identity and assimilate as religious and cultural group through Jewish foodways.Qualitative method will be used in this library research on Jewish foodways archives and writings. This article will be started by introduction portraying Jews migration to the United States and their foodways that they brought along the migration.The findings of this research show that Jewish foodways divided the Jews for the difference of opinion between the Jews towards their Kosher Laws. The non-religious Jews adapt easily to the American foodways. The religious Jews found it difficult to assimilate to the American foodways, albeit they found a way to assimilate, yet still keep their obedience.Keywords: Kosher Law, Jewish American, Theory of Practice, Post-Nationalism, Foodways
From Suspended to Emergent Woman, An African American Criticism of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors: Ntamwana Simon
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the rise of the woman from a downtrodden woman to an emergent subject through an assimilated subjugated woman in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. It is based on the African American approach and Mary Helen Washington’s theory of black woman character types in African American literature.  It aims at identifying the woman character types in the novel and discussing the woman’s ascension from her patriarchal suspension into her emergence as an independent woman. Anchored on the hypothetical contention that the woman arises from suspension to emergence through assimilation phases, it was found out that during her gradual ascension and independence quest the woman subverts the oppressive patriarchy and its abusive masculinity and transforms it into a man equitably collaborating with her. Janie the protagonist born subservient to patriarchy like her grandmother Nannie fights to liberate herself through love and marriage. While the first marriage with Logan maintains her under patriarchal oppression, the second spousal union with Jody is a simulation of liberation that refrains her from public life and expression. Through gradual revolt against patriarchy, Janie reaches her desired woman selfhood in the third marriage with Tea Cake. Keywords: Suspended, Assimilated, Emergent, African American Literary Approach
Racial Passing Practiced by Mulattoes: A New Historicist Reading of Nella Larsen’s Passing and Jessie Fauset’s Plum Bun”
Authors: Fatmawati Desy Eka
Published: November 2020

Racial passing practice is the act of passing or disguising as white by mulattoes, and it became a phenomenon during Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance is an era when African American culture related to arts, literature, and music were greatly celebrated. This era can also be said as the most glamorous and happiest moment for African Americans since the antebellum era. Using two of the prominent racial passing narratives during Harlem Renaissance: Passing by Nella Larsen and Plum Bun by Jessie Fauset, this research aims to find the depiction of racial passing practice in the two narratives in order to get deeper understanding of the issue. This research is under American Studies paradigm of Post-nationalist to take into account the minorities’ perspective in understanding America. The minorities’ perspective in this context is from African American’s mixed raced descents (mulattoes). As the focus of this research is historical phenomenon, this research also applies New Historicism as an approach. Based on the analysis, racial passing practice was a reaction from white’s domination through Jim Crow laws, and African Americans considered racial passing practice as a form of both “fooling the white folks” and a betrayal to their “true people”. Keywords: Racial Passing, Mulattoes, Harlem Renaissance, Jim Crow, New Historicism
THE EMERGENCE OF LOCAL COFFEE SHOPS IN INDONESIA AS A COUNTER TO AMERICAN CULTURE HEGEMONY
Authors: Nurhasanah Siti , Dewi Chika
Published: November 2020

After winning World War II, the United States (US) tried to spread its hegemony in almost all aspects, including culture. Starbucks has become the biggest MNC belong to the US that spreads western culture in Indonesia.  Starbucks, with its 326 outlets in Indonesia, has brought its new value to Indonesian society. In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the response of Indonesians in dealing with the cultural hegemony that Starbucks brings as the representation of the American culture. This paper uses library research as the data collection method and qualitative method in analyzing the data. The writer analyzes this case by applying the circuit of culture theory, which consists of 5 aspects: production, consumption, regulation, representation, and identity. The writer will focus on how local coffee shops adopt the management and production process from Starbucks applied in their coffee shops. The creativity of Indonesians has made new cultures are quickly adopted. The advent of Starbucks in Indonesia had stimulated the establishment of local coffee shops that are not less competitive with Starbucks as the giant coffee shop corporation. The local coffee shops can give a unique experience in enjoying a coffee just like Starbucks with its “Starbucks Experience”. The local coffee shops also can provide not only coffee, but also other products that might take the interest of customers. The local coffee shops are able to imitate, and modify Starbucks concept in local versions.Keywords: Starbucks; circuit of culture; production; local coffee; coffee culture
EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF SECESSIONIST SENTIMENTS IN ALASKA
Authors: Utomo Ario Bimo
Published: November 2020

This article explores the dynamics of secession in Alaska, a state within the United States of America. Alaska has been an integral part of modern American history when it was admitted as the second-youngest state after Hawaii in 1959. The territory was initially purchased by the United States from the Russian Empire in 1867 due to the latter’s concern of the expected British invasion. Putting the colonial narratives aside, Alaska is also a home of the Indigenous Alaskans with distinct identities compared to the European settlers. Viewing this contested history, combined with controversies leading to the inclusion of Alaska to the United States proper, one might assume that Alaskans might possess a higher sentiment of self-determination compared to the rest of Americans. However, despite those backgrounds, secessionism is not a salient issue in Alaska. Therefore, the author explores why the support for Alaskan secessionism is relatively unheard of despite the disputed history of the state. Using Hechter’s model of secession (1992), the author proposes that Alaska has been experiencing a relatively low level of secessionist sentiment due to (1) a low level of group identification among the Alaskans themselves, (2) a weak regional party, (3) a high level of economic dependency on the host state, and (3) an unfavorable institutional environment for secessionist sentiments to be advanced. The research concludes by suggesting that secessionism in Alaska is not a favorable choice due to every limitation it faces.Keywords: AIP; Alaska; history; postcolonialism; secession
DESIRING DOMINATION: A POSTFEMINIST STUDY ON THE LYRICS OF LANA DEL REY’S ULTRAVIOLENCE ALBUM
Authors: Adhitya Galant Nanta , Lasari Nadia
Published: November 2020

Feminist movements are said to have served their purposes and achieved equality, empowerment, and emancipation for women. America thus enters the era of postfeminism. A redefined image of independent and free-spirited yet feminine women is brought through popular cultural products, creating a shift in the view of 21st century American women, one of which can be seen from their response toward male domination. It is expressed in the lyrics of songs compiled in Lana Del Rey’s Ultraviolence album. This study employs descriptive qualitative method by treating the lyrics with the same approach as poetry. The data are in the form of language features, such as words, phrases, clauses, lines, and verses related to women’s response to male domination. McRobbie’s notion of double entanglement allows this study to borrow the feminist concept of male domination. There are five male dominating conducts found in the lyrics: 1) marginalization in “Sad Girl”; 2) subordination in “Shades of Cool”, 3) stereotype in “The Other Woman”; 4) physical and psychological violence in “Ultraviolence”, sexual violence in “Fucked My Way Up to the Top”; 5) domestic workload in “Old Money”. Meanwhile, the women’s response toward male domination is expressed in “Brooklyn Baby”. The progressive postfeminists approach male domination differently from the conservative feminists. The female speaker of the lyrics comprehend that her men’s conducts are dominating her, yet she receives them with a manner full of desire. For her, every relationship has the luxury to define their own rules as long as there is a consensual agreement from both parties involved.Keywords: domination; lyrics; postfeminism; postnational; women
RACISM IN THE LAST DECADE OF HOLLYWOOD COMEDY MOVIES
Authors: Maiza Thiska Septa , Adi Ida Rochani
Published: November 2020

The United States is considered to have entered the post-racial era in the 21st century, where racial preference, discrimination, and prejudice towards minorities, such as African Americans, are supposed to no longer exist. As one of the media that reflected American society, Hollywood movies tried to eliminate the discussion on race and racism. It can be seen in Hollywood movies that begin to eliminate the negative images and stereotypes of African Americans. However, it does not mean that racism vanished from the Hollywood movie industry, especially in comedy movies. Comedy movies are one of the genresthat often involve African-American actors and actresses. Their stereotypes are also commonly used to make humor in the narrative. Therefore, this genre is closely related to racism. However, comedy movies in the last decade, such as Evan Almighty (2007), Wild Hogs (2007), Meet Dave (2008), The Maiden Heist (2009), Last Vegas (2013), Someone Marry Barry (2014), and Going in Style (2017), are not showing any racism on the surface. By using Interdisciplinary as the approach, this research attempts to see how Hollywood presents racism in comedy movies, especially in the last decade. The representation theory is employed to interpret the images, scenes, and dialogues from seven selected comedy movies concerning racism. Meanwhile, the theory of humor is used to find out how racism makes humor occur through African-American characters. The finding of this research indicates that negative images and stereotypes of African Americans are still sustained in Hollywood movies. These depictions are shown covertly. Meanwhile, overt racism indicates that the African American characters are used to make humor occur in comedy movies.Keywords: African American; comedy; Hollywood; humor; racism; representation
Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik dan Vinase Diperkaya Mikrobia terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Respatie Dyah Weny , Rohman Muhammad Saifur , Widianto Donny , Widada Jaka
Published: November 2020

Penggunaan pupuk kimia dalam jangka panjang akan berdampak buruk bagi lahan pertanian, oleh karena itu diperlukan eksplorasi pupuk alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi pupuk NPK dan vinase diperkaya mikrobia yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung optimal serta mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari - Juni 2020. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji berupa kombinasi pupuk NPK standar (NPK majemuk + urea) dan vinase diperkaya mikrobia yang terdiri atas enam aras yaitu tanpa pupuk (P0), NPK standar yang terdiri dari 300 kg/ha NPK + 250 kg/ha urea (P1), vinase diperkaya mikrobia sesuai dosis anjuran 15000 L.ha-1 (P2), ¾ NPK standar + 15000 L.ha-1 vinase diperkaya mikrobia (P3), ½ NPK standar  + 15000 L.ha-1 (P4) dan ¼ NPK standar  + 15000 L.ha-1 vinase diperkaya mikrobia (P5). Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf  α = 5%  apabila terdapat beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf  α = 5%. Kombinasi  3/4 NPK standar  + 15000 L.ha-1 (P3) memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung optimal yang sama baiknya dengan NPK standar (P1). Vinase diperkaya mikrobia sebanyak 15000 L.ha-1 yang dikombinasikan dengan ¾ NPK standar (P3) efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung dengan nilai RAE >100%. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa vinase diperkaya mikrobia mampu mensubstitusi penggunaan pupuk kimia sebesar 25 % pada pertanaman jagung.
Parallel Efficient Mesh Deformation Method Based On Support Vector Regression
Authors: Liao Haixiang , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2020

Mesh deformation method is widely used in unsteady numerical simulations involving moving boundaries. This kind of method redistributes the position of grid points in accordance with the movement of the computational domain without changing their connectivity relations. In this paper, we present a parallel mesh deformation method based on the support vector machine regression (SVR). In each time step, the proposed method first trains three SVRs by the coordinates of the boundary points and their known displacements in each direction, and then predicts the displacements of the internal points using the SVRs. After deforming the mesh, the dual-time step flow solver is used to solve the governing equations. To ensure the consistency of the method running in parallel, the training part of the method is executed with all global boundary points in each decomposed domain. Therefore, each CPU needs to maintain a copy of the entire boundary points via a point-to-point communication. The internal evaluation of the method is predicted separately in each decomposed domain without any data dependency. An oscillatory and transient pitching airfoil case is simulated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed mesh deformation method, and its parallel efficiency is over 60% with 64 cores.
The U.S. Potato Chip Market: A Competitive Profile
Authors: Datta Y.
Published: November 2020

This paper follows the footsteps of ten studies that have tried to analyze the competitive profile of U.S. consumer markets: Men’s Shaving Gel, Beer, Shampoo, Shredded/Grated Cheese, Refrigerated Orange Juice, Men’s Razor-Blades, Women’s Razor-Blades, Toothpaste, Canned Soup, and Coffee.Porter associates high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price that is lower than that of the competition. However, customer-perceived quality—not low cost—should be the underpinning of competitive strategy, because it is far more vital to long-term competitive position and profitability than any other factor. So, a superior alternative is to offer better quality vs. the competition.In most consumer markets a business seeking market share leadership should try to serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment; and offering quality better than that of the competition: at a price somewhat higher, to signify an image of quality, and to ensure that the strategy is both profitable and sustainable in the long run. Quality, however, is a complex concept consumers generally find difficult to understand. So, they often use relative price, and a brand’s reputation, as a symbol of quality.In 2008 the U.S. retail sales for the Potato Chip market were $3.07 Billion. The pack sizes varied from 0.8oz to 50oz, with the 9-13oz packs being the most popular with a 33% share. So, we have focused cluster analysis on this size.In 2008 the U.S. Potato Chip market was highly competitive—notwithstanding the dominance of Pepsi Co.’s Lay’s brand family—with a total of 254 brands.Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, we tested two hypotheses: (1) That the market leader is likely to compete in the mid-price segment, and that (2) Its unit price is likely to be higher than that of the nearest competition. Employing U.S. retail sales data for 2008 and 2007 we found that the results supported Hypothesis I; both the market leader Lay’s Plain Potato Chip brand--and the runner-up Pringles Original Potato Chip brand--were members of the mid-price segment. However, while the unit price of the market leader was somewhat higher than that of the runner-up for 2008—as we have hypothesized--this was not the case for 2007, although the price difference between the two brands did not seem statistically significant.We found that relative price was a strategic variable, as hypothesized.We also discovered four strategic groups in the industry.This is the eleventh in the study of U.S. consumer markets we have cited above. In eight of these—that exclude Men’s and Women’s Razor-Blades, and Ground Coffee—a pattern has emerged. In all eight cases the market leader was a member of the mid-price segment, as we have hypothesized.Finally, in the words of Dirk Burhans, the author of Crunch, it is important to realize that a “potato chip could be such a subtle, delicate experience”.
Corticosteroid use in viral pneumonia: experience so far and the dexamethasone breakthrough in coronavirus disease-2019
Authors: Rafiullah Mohamed , Siddiqui Khalid
Published: November 2020

Dexamethasone was shown to decrease the mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) recently. Use of corticosteroids was harmful in other coronavirus infections previously. WHO recommended against routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19. In view of these, we reviewed the evidence about the use of corticosteroids in virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Corticosteroids are beneficial in ARDS regardless of etiology. However, they increased the mortality rate in influenza-associated ARDS. In SARS and the Middle East respiratory syndrome, corticosteroids increased the mortality, delayed the viral clearance and increased the length of hospital stay. In the case of COVID-19, the available evidence from retrospective and observational studies is inconclusive about the corticosteroid use. Low-dose therapies appear to be effective. Evidence from a randomized control study found dexamethasone is effective in decreasing mortality in severe COVID-19 cases. More studies are needed to validate the benefit of corticosteroids in COVID-19.
DESIGN INSTITUCIONAL DA CGU: IMPACTOS PARA A POLÍTICA DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE À CORRUPÇÃO
Authors: Florêncio Filho Marco Aurélio , Zanon Patricie Barricelli
Published: November 2020

A política de Prevenção e Combate à Corrupção no Brasil, influenciada por normativos internacionais passa por um momento de intensificação que culmina em uma intensa produção legislativa e na criação de novas instituições voltadas ao controle desse tipo de criminalidade, sendo posta em prática através de um espectro multi-institucional.  Nesse contexto, o design dessas instituições, isto é, sua estrutura, divisão de competência e formas de relacionamento com as demais instituições é capaz de impactar a efetividade da política em questão. O artigo analisou o design institucional da CGU, uma das instituições que mais tem se destacado atualmente no que se refere ao controle da corrupção, a fim de concluir os impactos para a política anticorrupção que decorrem de tal desenho. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise bibliográfica, bem como a verificação de dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes a relatórios relacionados ao desempenho da instituição e conclui-se que a CGU não pode ser considerada uma agência anticorrupção, bem como a necessidade de focar na superação das seguintes debilidades que constituem desafios para a efetividade da política anticorrupção: fragilidade de recursos financeiros e humanos, risco à neutralidade das decisões e necessidade de contínuos esforços de articulação com demais instituições.
TEORIA DA ADEQUAÇÃO SOCIAL: A DOGMÁTICA DO DIREITO PENAL E A FORMULAÇÃO DOS CRITÉRIOS DA CONDUTA SOCIALMENTE ADEQUADA
Authors: Freitas Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Partindo de uma perspectiva garantista, o artigo aborda a Teoria da Adequação Social, formulada por Welzel, com a finalidade de explorar as possibilidades de sua aplicação a problemas penais difíceis por intermédio da interpretação teleológica dos tipos.
A FUNÇÃO DA PUNIBILIDADE NA TEORIA GERAL DO DIREITO PENAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRESCRIÇÃO VIRTUAL COMO CAUSA DE SUA EXTINÇÃO
Authors: Lins Filho Alexandre Zamboni , Carneiro Andréa Walmsley Soares
Published: November 2020

A punibilidade, consoante entende a doutrina majoritária, não integra a estrutura do crime. Ao revés, constitui pressuposto para aplicação da pena. Em outras palavras, a prática do delito é condição necessária, mas não suficiente para a imposição da sanção, pois, após aquela prática, determinadas situações podem ocorrer que venham a afastar a possibilidade de o Estado exercer seu dever/poder de punir. Por outro lado, as causas de extinção de punibilidade, malgrado previstas em rol meramente exemplificativo no artigo 107 do Código Penal brasileiro, não prescidem de base legal. Sob esta jusitificativa, ou seja, de ausência de previsão legal específica, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça obsta a aplicação da prescrição da pretensão punitiva em perspectiva ou virtual. A questão tratada, entretanto, necessita ser vista sob o prisma da eficiência da persecução penal e, em última expressão, do próprio Estado. A opção pelo manejo de lides penais fadadas ao insucesso pela probabilíssima ocorrência futura da prescrição vai de encontro à própria noção de interesse-utilidade processual, condição necessária da ação penal.
Masculine public image of six scientific fields in Japan: physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, information science, mathematics, and biology
Authors: Ikkatai Yuko , Minamizaki Azusa , Kano Kei , Inoue Atsushi , McKay Euan , Yokoyama Hiromi M.
Published: November 2020

U.S. and other publics perceive STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields as masculine and scientist as a male occupation, but Japanese public perception remains unstudied. Using an online survey, we identified keywords associated with physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, information science, biology, and mathematics. A second online survey showed that the Japanese public perceived both keywords and fields as masculine. This trend was stronger in individuals with less egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles. We suggest that attitude towards gender roles contributes to the masculine image of science in Japan.
Socioenvironmental activism and emerging science communicators in Mexico
Authors: Herrera-Lima Susana
Published: November 2020

Activists, social organizations and members of citizen collectives in Mexico and Latin America have assumed not only the fight for water and territory, but also the difficult task of interacting with experts in different scientific fields, and the challenge of placing their causes in the public space. They take the role of cultural mediators between affected people, scientists and politicians within hybrid transdisciplinary working groups. Within the framework of these groups' actions, a new current of communication of science has emerged, one that shifts its interest from encouraging involvement with scientific knowledge for its own sake, to untangling, understanding and communicating socio-environmental issues for the explicit purpose of contributing to social transformation.
The crisis of multilateralism and EU–Russia cooperation
Authors:   Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), BRUNI FRANCO
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to problems in relations between the EU and Russia. Multiple methods are considered that are aimed at solving the problem of multilateralism in current conditions. The author selected and studied specific documents on essential aspects that are devoted to this topic. Studying the arising problems requires careful consideration since, in the modern world, cooperation between global actors such as the EU and Russia cannot be ignored. Despite all the challenges faced by the parties in their fields, all difficulties are conquerable, and the article provides specific methods for its solving. The article discusses some aspects and problems that require particular attention from specialists in this field. The author concludes that strong US–EU coalition could seem more coherent with history and with the traditional East–West divide. However, the recent evolution of the US attitude towards international relations weakens the probability of such coalition and its perceived payoffs. A more or less defensive Russia–China coalition has been tried with limited results; moreover, if it were possible and probable, the two western players would change their strategy to prevent it or to contain its depth. In fact, we live in a world where many talks of a serious possibility of G2 governance, a peculiar type of coalition where the US and China keep hostile and nationalistic attitudes but join forces to set the global stage in their favor, pursuing a qualitatively limited but quantitatively rich payoff. In such world, as a counterpart of this payoff, both the divided Europe and the economically much smaller Russia would lose power and suffer several kinds of economic disadvantages. Therefore, Greater Europe would be good for Russia and for the EU as well.