bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for the modulation of plant cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase activity by mimicry of redox‐based modifications
Authors: Castro‐Torres Eduardo , Jiménez‐Sandoval Pedro , Romero‐Romero Sergio , Fuentes‐Pascacio Alma , López‐Castillo Laura M. , Díaz‐Quezada Corina , Fernández‐Velasco D. Alejandro , Torres‐Larios Alfredo , Brieba Luis G.
Published: May 2019

Reactive oxidative species (ROS) and S‐glutathionylation modulate the activity of plant cytosolic triosephosphate isomerases (cTPI). Arabidopsis thaliana cTPI (AtcTPI) is subject of redox regulation at two reactive cysteines that function as thiol switches. Here we investigate the role of these residues, AtcTPI‐Cys13 and At‐Cys218, by substituting them with aspartic acid that mimics the irreversible oxidation of cysteine to sulfinic acid and with amino acids that mimic thiol conjugation. Crystallographic studies show that mimicking AtcTPI‐Cys13 oxidation promotes the formation of inactive monomers by reposition residue Phe75 of the neighboring subunit, into a conformation that destabilizes the dimer interface. Mutations in residue AtcTPI‐Cys218 to Asp, Lys, or Tyr generate TPI variants with a decreased enzymatic activity by creating structural modifications in two loops (loop 7 and loop 6) whose integrity is necessary to assemble the active site. In contrast with mutations in residue AtcTPI‐Cys13, mutations in AtcTPI‐Cys218 do not alter the dimeric nature of AtcTPI. Therefore, modifications of residues AtcTPI‐Cys13 and AtcTPI‐Cys218 modulate AtcTPI activity by inducing the formation of inactive monomers and by altering the active site of the dimeric enzyme, respectively. The identity of residue AtcTPI‐Cys218 is conserved in the majority of plant cytosolic TPIs, this conservation and its solvent‐exposed localization make it the most probable target for TPI regulation upon oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. Our data reveal the structural mechanisms by which S‐glutathionylation protects AtcTPI from irreversible chemical modifications and re‐routes carbon metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway to decrease oxidative stress.
Pex20p functions as the receptor for non‐PTS1/non‐PTS2 acyl‐CoA oxidase import into peroxisomes of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Chang Jinlan , Rachubinski Richard A.
Published: May 2019

Most soluble proteins targeted to the peroxisomal matrix contain a C‐terminal peroxisome targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) or an N‐terminal PTS2 that is recognized by the receptors Pex5p and Pex7p, respectively. These receptors cycle between the cytosol and peroxisome and back again for multiple rounds of cargo delivery to the peroxisome. A small number of peroxisomal matrix proteins, including all six isozymes of peroxisomal fatty acyl‐CoA oxidase (Aox) of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, contain neither a PTS1 nor a PTS2. Pex20p has been shown to function as a co‐receptor for Pex7p in the import of PTS2 cargo into peroxisomes. Here we show that cells of Y. lipolytica deleted for the PEX20 gene fail to import not only the PTS2‐containing protein 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase (Pot1p) but also the non‐PTS1/non‐PTS2 Aox isozymes. Pex20p binds directly to Aox isozymes Aox3p and Aox5p, which requires the C‐terminal Wxxx(F/Y) motif of Pex20p. A W411G mutation in the C‐terminal Wxxx(F/Y) motif causes Aox isozymes to be mislocalized to the cytosol. Pex20p interacts physically with members of the peroxisomal import docking complex, Pex13p and Pex14p. Our results are consistent with a role for Pex20p as the receptor for import of the non‐PTS1/non‐PTS2 Aox isozymes into peroxisomes.
Proteasome 19S RP and translation preinitiation complexes are secreted within exosomes upon serum starvation
Authors: Bec Nicole , Bonhoure Anne , Henry Laurent , Berry Laurence , Larroque Christian , Coux Olivier , Stoebner Pierre‐Emmanuel , Vidal Michel
Published: May 2019

The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of macroautophagy on exosome secretion. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released in the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. They were initially discovered as a way to remodel the reticulocyte plasma membrane before entering the blood circulation (Current Opinion in Hematology 2010, 17:177‐183) and are now essentially studied as mediators of intercellular communication. Using iTRAQ proteomics, we compared the protein composition of purified exosomes secreted by cells impaired or not for macroautophagy by Atg5 depletion, during serum starvation conditions or complete medium culture. We show that the absence of serum modifies exosomal content, especially inducing secretion of two cytoplasmic protein complexes, namely proteasomal 19S regulatory particle (RP) and components of noncanonical translation preinitiation complex (PIC). This process is enhanced when autophagy is impaired by Atg5 depletion. Moreover, we show that the proteasome 20S core particle (CP) is released in the extracellular space. However, in striking contrast to what seen for its 19S RP regulator, release is independent of the exosomal vesicles, Atg5 expression and cell culture conditions. Exosome secretion can thus be considered as a cell process that participates in and reflects cell homeostasis, and care must be taken when studying potential extracellular function of exosomes due to the possible copurification of proteasome 20S CP.
Circulatory levels of B‐cell activating factor of the TNF family in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: Association with disease progression
Authors: Dhamodharan Umapathy , Teena Rajan , Vimal Kumar Ramachandran , Changam Sheela Sasikumar , Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram , Rajesh Kesavan
Published: May 2019

Enhanced and prolonged expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine is evidenced during the chronic wound healing process of infected diabetic foot ulcer (IDFU). B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) is the member of TNF‐α family, which implicit in B‐cell dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of BAFF in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients and to correlate its association with other family of inflammatory cytokines. Circulating levels of BAFF and other cytokines were measured in IDFU (n = 44) and non‐IDFU patients (n = 40) using multiplexed bead‐based cytokine immunoassay. A stepwise significant increase was observed in both circulatory BAFF and C‐reactive protein (CRP) during the disease progression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) for BAFF was found to be high (0.89; [95% CI: 0.73–1.0]), when compared to CRP (0.68; [95% CI: 0.61–0.76]). Optimum diagnostic cutoff level for BAFF was found to be ≥2.35 pg/mL with 62.0% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Further, BAFF levels showed a significant positive correlation with CRP among IDFU patients. With respect to other family cytokines, BAFF levels were positively correlated with TNF‐α, interferon family cytokines such as IFN‐α2, IL‐28A/IFN‐λ2, IFN‐γ, and IL‐10 family cytokines such as IL‐19, IL‐22, and IL‐26 and negatively correlated with IL‐6 receptor family such as gp130/sIL‐6Rβ. Hence, our data suggest that devising therapeutic strategies to reduce the levels of BAFF may contribute in amelioration of IDFU.
Transient Response of Heated Air in an Enclosure With Heat Losses
Authors: Wolfe W. A.
Published: May 2019

The transient temperature of well-stirred air in an enclosure with heat losses is investigated. The introduction of the heat capacity of the air results in nonorthogonal eigenfunctions for the differential equation of conduction. A method of determining the coefficients of the eigenfunctions is developed and the transient-air temperature calculated for several values of the heat capacity of the air.
Prototype of cathodoluminescent lamp for general lighting using carbon fiber field emission cathode
Authors: Sheshin Evgenii P. , Kolodyazhnyj Artem Yu. , Chadaev Nikolai N. , Getman Alexandr O. , Danilkin Mikhail I. , Ozol Dmitry I.
Published: May 2019

The prototype of a cathodoluminescent bulb with a field emission cathode based on carbon fiber is manufactured. The bulb comprises a high-voltage built-in AC–DC converter of the electric line voltage and a standard E27 cap. The luminous flux of the bulb amounts to 250 lm (comparable to a 25 W incandescent bulb), and its luminous efficiency is 30–40 lm/W at the wall-plug power of 5.5 W.
Pyrogenic iron: The missing link to high iron solubility in aerosols
Authors: Ito Akinori , Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Kanakidou Maria , Mahowald Natalie M. , Scanza Rachel A. , Hamilton Douglas S. , Baker Alex R. , Jickells Timothy , Sarin Manmohan , Bikkina Srinivas , Gao Yuan , Shelley Rachel U. , Buck Clifton S. , Landing William M. , Bowie Andrew R. , Perron Morgane M. G. , Guieu Cécile , Meskhidze Nicholas , Johnson Matthew S. , Feng Yan , Kok Jasper F. , Nenes Athanasios , Duce Robert A.
Published: May 2019

Air pollution creates high Fe solubility in pyrogenic aerosols, raising the flux of biologically essential Fe to the oceans.
Controlling fluid-induced seismicity during a 6.1-km-deep geothermal stimulation in Finland
Authors: Kwiatek Grzegorz , Saarno Tero , Ader Thomas , Bluemle Felix , Bohnhoff Marco , Chendorain Michael , Dresen Georg , Heikkinen Pekka , Kukkonen Ilmo , Leary Peter , Leonhardt Maria , Malin Peter , Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Passmore Kevin , Passmore Paul , Valenzuela Sergio , Wollin Christopher
Published: May 2019

Near–real-time seismic monitoring and injection control limits induced earthquakes in urban geothermal reservoir stimulation.
p63 establishes epithelial enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes
Authors: Lin-Shiao Enrique , Lan Yemin , Welzenbach Julia , Alexander Katherine A. , Zhang Zhen , Knapp Michael , Mangold Elisabeth , Sammons Morgan , Ludwig Kerstin U. , Berger Shelley L.
Published: May 2019

Enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes are established by p63 and enriched for SNPs associated with CL/P.
Entropic effects enable life at extreme temperatures
Authors: Kim Young Hun , Leriche Geoffray , Diraviyam Karthik , Koyanagi Takaoki , Gao Kaifu , Onofrei David , Patterson Joseph , Guha Anirvan , Gianneschi Nathan , Holland Gregory P. , Gilson Michael K. , Mayer Michael , Sept David , Yang Jerry
Published: May 2019

Restricted rotation through tethering of lipids as found in archaea helps maintain barrier function at elevated temperatures.
Teriflunomide treatment for multiple sclerosis modulates T cell mitochondrial respiration with affinity-dependent effects
Authors: Klotz Luisa , Eschborn Melanie , Lindner Maren , Liebmann Marie , Herold Martin , Janoschka Claudia , Torres Garrido Belén , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina C. , Breuer Johanna , Hundehege Petra , Posevitz Vilmos , Pignolet Béatrice , Nebel Giulia , Glander Shirin , Freise Nicole , Austermann Judith , Wirth Timo , Campbell Graham R. , Schneider-Hohendorf Tilman , Eveslage Maria , Brassat David , Schwab Nicholas , Loser Karin , Roth Johannes , Busch Karin B. , Stoll Monika , Mahad Don J. , Meuth Sven G. , Turner Timothy , Bar-Or Amit , Wiendl Heinz
Published: May 2019

Inhibition of a mitochondrial enzyme during multiple sclerosis treatment modulates antigen-specific T cell responses in an affinity-dependent fashion.
A phase 2 clinical trial of a vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist shows improved adaptive behaviors in men with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bolognani Federico , del Valle Rubido Marta , Squassante Lisa , Wandel Christoph , Derks Michael , Murtagh Lorraine , Sevigny Jeff , Khwaja Omar , Umbricht Daniel , Fontoura Paulo
Published: May 2019

In the VANILLA phase 2 clinical trial, balovaptan treatment resulted in improved adaptive behaviors in adult men with autism.
Quorum sensing between bacterial species on the skin protects against epidermal injury in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Williams Michael R. , Costa Stephen K. , Zaramela Livia S. , Khalil Shadi , Todd Daniel A. , Winter Heather L. , Sanford James A. , O’Neill Alan M. , Liggins Marc C. , Nakatsuji Teruaki , Cech Nadja B. , Cheung Ambrose L. , Zengler Karsten , Horswill Alexander R. , Gallo Richard L.
Published: May 2019

Quorum sensing peptides produced by commensal skin staphylococci protect against skin injury and inflammation induced by
Staphylococcus aureus
toxins.
Aβ and tau prion-like activities decline with longevity in the Alzheimer’s disease human brain
Authors: Aoyagi Atsushi , Condello Carlo , Stöhr Jan , Yue Weizhou , Rivera Brianna M. , Lee Joanne C. , Woerman Amanda L. , Halliday Glenda , van Duinen Sjoerd , Ingelsson Martin , Lannfelt Lars , Graff Caroline , Bird Thomas D. , Keene C. Dirk , Seeley William W. , DeGrado William F. , Prusiner Stanley B.
Published: May 2019

Cellular assays reveal a decline in Aβ and tau pathological conformers in Alzheimer’s disease brain samples.
Nanofiber-hydrogel composite–mediated angiogenesis for soft tissue reconstruction
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Cho Brian , Martin Russell , Seu Michelle , Zhang Chi , Zhou Zhengbing , Choi Ji Suk , Jiang Xuesong , Chen Long , Walia Gurjot , Yan Jerry , Callanan Megan , Liu Huanhuan , Colbert Kevin , Morrissette-McAlmon Justin , Grayson Warren , Reddy Sashank , Sacks Justin M. , Mao Hai-Quan
Published: May 2019

A biodegradable nanofiber-hydrogel composite material promotes angiogenesis for soft tissue reconstruction in rodent and rabbit models.
A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial shows that intranasal vasopressin improves social deficits in children with autism
Authors: Parker Karen J. , Oztan Ozge , Libove Robin A. , Mohsin Noreen , Karhson Debra S. , Sumiyoshi Raena D. , Summers Jacqueline E. , Hinman Kyle E. , Motonaga Kara S. , Phillips Jennifer M. , Carson Dean S. , Fung Lawrence K. , Garner Joseph P. , Hardan Antonio Y.
Published: May 2019

Intranasal delivery of the neuropeptide vasopressin improves social abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Neurogenesis takes a hit in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gallardo Gilbert
Published: May 2019

New neurons are born in healthy humans throughout aging but decline in Alzheimer's disease, linking a loss of neurogenesis with disease progression.
Fabricating a new heart: One step closer to reality
Authors: Han Li-Hsin
Published: May 2019

Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells printed in omentum-derived hydrogels generate perfusable thick heart tissue that can be implanted in rodents.
Somatic mutations are improving their bad rap
Authors: Naxerova Kamila
Published: May 2019

Recurrent somatic mutations could help protect the liver from injury.
In Vitro
Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Ceftibuten-Clavulanate Combination Antibiotic against Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Grupper Mordechai , Stainton Sean M. , Nicolau David P. , Kuti Joseph L.
Published: May 2019

A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. This study aimed to identify the pharmacodynamic index and magnitude of this index for CLA, when combined with a fixed CTB exposure (∼59% free time above the CTB-CLA MIC) against ESBL-producing
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CTB-CLA MICs of 0.25/0.125 to 1/0.5 μg/ml) using the
in vitro
chemostat model.
Diversity and Succession of Microbiota during Fermentation of the Traditional Indian Food Idli
Authors: Mandhania Madhvi H. , Paul Dhiraj , Suryavanshi Mangesh V. , Sharma Lokesh , Chowdhury Somak , Diwanay Sonal S. , Diwanay Sham S. , Shouche Yogesh S. , Patole Milind S.
Published: May 2019

This is a comprehensive analysis of idli fermentation employing modern molecular tools which provided valuable information about the bacterial diversity enabling its fermentation. The study has demonstrated the relationship between the bacterial population and its functional role in the process. The nature of idli fermentation was found to be more complex than other food fermentations due to the succession of the bacterial population. Further studies using metatranscriptomics and metabolomics may enhance the understanding of this complex fermentation process. Moreover, the presence of microorganisms with beneficial properties plausibly makes idli a suitable functional food.
Host-Specific NS5 Ubiquitination Determines Yellow Fever Virus Tropism
Authors: Miorin Lisa , Laurent-Rolle Maudry , Pisanelli Giuseppe , Co Pierre Hendrick , Albrecht Randy A. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Morrison Juliet
Published: May 2019

Flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV) are important human pathogens. A common flavivirus trait is the antagonism of interferon (IFN) signaling to enhance viral replication and spread. We report that like ZIKV NS5 and DENV NS5, YFV NS5 binds human STAT2 (hSTAT2) but not mouse STAT2 (mSTAT2), a type I IFN (IFN-α/β) pathway component. Additionally, we show that contrary to what has been demonstrated with ZIKV NS5 and DENV NS5, YFV NS5 is unable to interact with hSTAT2 in murine cells. We demonstrate that mSTAT2 restricts YFV replication in mice and that this correlates with a lack of IFN-α/β-induced YFV NS5 ubiquitination in murine cells. The lack of suitable animal models limits flavivirus pathogenesis, vaccine, and drug research. These data serve as further impetus for the development of an immunocompetent mouse model that can serve as a disease model for multiple flaviviruses.
Expansion of Stem Cell-Like CD4+Memory T Cells during Acute HIV-1 Infection Is Linked to Rapid Disease Progression
Authors: Pušnik Jernej , Eller Michael A. , Tassaneetrithep Boonrat , Schultz Bruce T. , Eller Leigh Anne , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Kosgei Josphat , Maganga Lucas , Kibuuka Hannah , Alter Galit , Michael Nelson L. , Robb Merlin L. , Streeck Hendrik
Published: May 2019

Understanding the immunopathology of acute HIV-1 infection will help to develop eradication strategies. We demonstrate here that a CD4+T cell memory subset expands during acute HIV-1 infection, which is associated with disease progression.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Colistin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131
fimH
22 Strain Harboring
mcr-1
on an IncHI2 Plasmid, Isolated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghoribi Majed F. , Doumith Michel , Upton Mathew , Al Johani Sameera M. , Alzayer Maha , Woodford Neil , Ellington Matthew J. , Balkhy Hanan H.
Published: May 2019

We report the complete genome sequence of a colistin-resistant strain of uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
, isolated in January 2013 at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The isolate (named SA186) was sequence type 131 (ST131) and belonged to serotype O25b-H4 and clade B (
fimH
22).
Complete Genome Sequence of a Class I Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolate from a Breeding Chicken Flock in Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Shu-yun , You Guo-jin , Du Li-jing , Li Wen-wen , Liu Yue-yue , Du Ji-teng , Xia Jing , Huang Yong
Published: May 2019

A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain, APMV-1/Chicken/China(SC)/PT3/2016, was isolated from asymptomatic chickens at a breeding farm in China. The PT3 strain has a genome length of 15,198 nucleotides and is classified as subgenotype 1b of class I.
Transcriptome Sequencing of Immature Ants Reveals the Complete Genome Sequence of a New Isolate of Solenopsis invicta
Virus 2
from the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Allen Margaret L.
Published: May 2019

Solenopsis invicta
virus 2
(SINV-2) is an RNA virus that infects red imported fire ants. I report the genome sequence of SINV-2MSD, an isolate infecting ants collected from Mississippi.
Oral hairy leukoplakia arising in a patient with hairy cell leukaemia: the first reported case
Authors: Davis Gemma , Perks Alexandra , Liyanage Pemith , Staines Konrad
Published: May 2019

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an oral mucosal lesion that is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. It commonly presents as an asymptomatic, non-removable white patch on the lateral borders of the tongue in individuals who are immunocompromised. Historically, OHL was thought to be pathognomonic of HIV infection; however, it is now an established phenomenon in a range of conditions affecting immune competence. Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B cell lymphoproliferative disease named after the distinctive cytology of the atypical cells. We report the first case of OHL arising in an individual with HCL that resolved following remission of the haematological malignancy.
Bilateral recurrent pyosalpinx in a sexually inactive 12-year-old girl secondary to rare variant of Mullerian duct anomaly
Authors: Maraqa Tareq , Mohamed Mohamed , Coffey Daniel , Sachwani-Daswani Gul R , Alvarez Crystal , Mercer Leo
Published: May 2019

Pyosalpinx is a severe sequel of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, whereby the fallopian tubes become filled with pus.1 2Pyosalpinx often affects sexually active women and rarely is seen in celibate adolescent girls.3We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with no prior sexual history who presented to our emergency department with complaints of severe right lower quadrant pain of 1-day duration. Ultrasonography and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed free fluid collections in the pelvis without visualisation of the appendix. A preoperative diagnosis of acute ruptured appendicitis was given and she was taken to the operating room. Peroperative findings included bilaterally distended, pus-filled pyosalpinges. A definitive diagnosis of bilateral pyosalpinx was then made. Two-week antibiotic therapy was successful but the patient returned with recurrent pyosalpinx and a pelvic abscess 9 weeks later.
Fluorescence in a cryptococcoma following administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (Gliolan)
Authors: Solis Waldo Gerard , Hansen Mitchell
Published: May 2019

A 54-year-old man presented with two episodes of dysarthria and left facial droop. Both episodes resolved by the time of examination. MRI of the brain revealed a right frontotemporal, heterogeneously enhancing mass with surrounding vasogenic oedema, suggestive of a high-grade primary brain neoplasm. The patient was administered preoperative 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (Gliolan), and fluorescence-guided resection of the lesion was undertaken.Cryptococcus gattiiinfection was diagnosed from the specimen and the patient was given appropriate antifungal treatment. This is the first reported case of Gliolan-mediated fluorescence in a fungal abscess and highlights one of the potential pitfalls in fluorescence-guided surgery.
An atypical form of infantile meningococcal meningitis
Authors: Tan Christelle Xian-Ting , Lim Yang Chern
Published: May 2019

We describe a rare case of infantile meningococcal (serotype B) meningitis in a 3-month-old Chinese boy with an atypical indolent presentation with prolonged persistent fever despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy likely due to drug fever. The case highlights the need for continued vigilance in identifying similar cases in the future.
Role of syndecan-1 and exogenous heparin in hepatoma sphere formation
Authors: Lin Shih-Chiang , Wu Ching-Po , Tseng TingTing , Jhang Yaoyun , Lee Shao-Chen
Published: May 2019

Glycosaminoglycan-modified proteoglycans play important roles in many cell activities, including cell differentiation and stem cell development. Tumor sphere formation ability is one of properties in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The correlation between CSC markers and proteoglycan remains to be clarified. Upon hepatoma sphere formation, expression of CSC markers CD13, CD90, CD133, and CD44, as well the syndecan family protein syndecan-1 (SDC1), increased as analyzed by PCR. Further examination by suppression of CD13 expression showed downregulation of SDC1 and CD44 gene expression, whereas suppression of SDC1 gene expression downregulated CD13 and CD44 gene expression. Suppression of SDC1 gene expression also suppressed sphere development, as analyzed by a novel sphereocrit assay to quantify the level of sphere formation. The heparin disaccharide components, but not those of chondroitin disaccharide, changed with hepatoma sphere development, revealing the increased levels of N-sulfation and 2-O-sulfation. These explained the inhibition of hepatoma sphere formation by exogenous heparin. In conclusion, we found that SDC1 affected CSC marker CD13 and CD44 expression. SDC1 proteoglycan and heparin components changed and affected hepatoma sphere development. Application of heparin mimics in reduction of hepatoma stem cells might be possible.
Design of a novel deployable mechanism for capturing tumbling debris
Authors: Li XueAi , Sun Kui , Liu Hong
Published: May 2019

Large quantities of man-made debris from decades of space exploration threaten the safety of future space activities. It is therefore urgent to perform active debris removal missions to maintain access to usable orbital space. This paper proposes a novel deployable end-effector and detumbling mechanism to capture tumbling debris. Three mechatronic subsystems for capture, transmission, and actuation are highly integrated in the end-effector, allowing compact storage during space transport. Grippers composed of constant-torque hinges endow the mechanism with a deployable function and ensure a steady envelope by means of caging, without the need for precise tracking and complex control. With only one actuator, simultaneous motion of the six grippers is implemented by arranging gears in a unique manner. The grippers are optimally designed to enlarge their envelope while reducing weight. A contact detumbling mechanism, composed of three dampers along three axes, is also provided based on revolute friction to slow tumbling debris with residual angular momentum. Two slip rings are ingeniously embedded in each damper to transmit electricity under conditions of signal interference and cable interwinding. Simulations of capturing and detumbling demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Forced vibration of a bi-axially pre-stressed plate subjected to a harmonic point force and resting on a rigid foundation
Authors: Daşdemir Ahmet , Eröz Mustafa
Published: May 2019

This paper models the harmonically forced vibration of a bi-axially pre-stressed plate resting on a rigid foundation using the three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed bodies. This model assumes that the material is linearly elastic, homogenous, and isotropic. The model of this system is numerically evaluated using the finite element method simulations. The numerical results illustrate the influence of several system parameters on the dynamic responses of the stresses acting at the interface between the plate and its rigid foundation. The simulations show that the aspect ratio of the plate determines how the initial stress influences the behavior of the system.
Chapter 7 Patuki and Croisilles melanges in South Island, New Zealand: genesis related to Permian subduction–accretion processes
Authors: Robertson Alastair H. F.
Published: May 2019

The late Early Permian (
c.
278–270 Ma) supra-subduction zone (SSZ) Dun Mountain ophiolite is bordered to the east by the Pataki Melange and to the NE by the Croisilles Melange. In the south, the ophiolite passes into a dismembered incipient oceanic arc (Otama Complex). The above units represent an oceanic forearc generated above a west-dipping subduction zone. Terrigenous sediment reached the subduction trench after the Mid-Permian(?) docking of the oceanic forearc with the long-lived SE Gondwana active continental margin. Mixed terrigenous–volcaniclastic turbidites accumulated in the trench prior to and during melange accretion. Fragments of the overriding oceanic forearc (and incipient arc, locally) detached and mixed to form melange and broken formation. Despite some individual features (e.g. of the basalt chemistry), the Patuki and Croisilles melanges are interpreted as originally representing a single Permian trench–accretionary complex. The more distal (easterly) part was sliced into the adjacent accretionary complex of the Caples Terrane to form the Croisilles Melange (and equivalent Greenstone Melange) probably after the Triassic. The South Island melanges exemplify accretionary processes in which igneous and sedimentary rocks were detached from the overriding plate by subduction–erosion, together with accretion, including seamount material from the subducting oceanic plate, with implications for melanges elsewhere.
Chapter 2 The path to understanding the central terranes of Zealandia
Authors: Johnston Mike R.
Published: May 2019

This chapter traces the history of understanding the central terranes of New Zealand: Drumduan, Brook Street, Murihiku, Dun Mountain–Maitai and Caples. The terranes, mostly exposed in the South Island, are named from stratigraphic units of Late Paleozoic–Late Mesozoic age, including the Murihiku Supergroup, Brook Street Volcanics and Maitai groups, and the Dun Mountain ophiolite. European geologists in the mid-nineteenth century determined the stratigraphy of these rocks in the extremities of the island but in the succeeding half-century much effort was devoted to understanding widespread poorly fossiliferous ‘greywackes’: the ‘Maitai Controversy’. This was resolved in 1917 by palaeontology and the recognition of major faulting. In the 1940s the Alpine Fault, with an apparent 460 km dextral offset of the rocks at either end of the island, was recognized. In the following two decades, New Zealand was interpreted in terms of the geosynclinal hypothesis and then paired metamorphic belts. With plate tectonics, the basement rocks were assigned to terranes with the implication of being conveyed over considerable distances. The identification of source areas, coupled with the definition of the Cordilleran Median Batholith, has progressed the understanding of the present arrangement of the central terranes in the New Zealand part of Zealandia.
Chapter 5 Correlations between a heterogeneous mantle and multiple stages of crustal growth: a review of the Dun Mountain ophiolite, New Zealand
Authors: Jugum D. , Stewart E. , Palin J. M. , Mortimer N. , Norris R. J. , Lamb W. M.
Published: May 2019

The mantle and crustal sections of the Permian Dun Mountain ophiolite (DMO) in New Zealand's South Island have similar and potentially related tectonic histories. The mantle section records a four-part sequence of mid-ocean ridge basalt, and boninite melt extraction, followed by refertilization from supra-subduction melts and, finally, the intrusion of mafic–felsic island-arc tholeiite dykes. The crustal sequence represents a progression from mid-ocean ridge basalts to transitional island-arc tholeiites and, finally, mafic–felsic, possibly calc-alkaline, lavas; overlain by the 6 km-thick sedimentary Maitai Group. Plagiogranite zircon geochronology shows that the crustal ocean-ridge volcanism had commenced by 277.6 ± 3.3 Ma, and the youngest granites and granodiorites crystallized by 269.3 ± 4.5 Ma. All lithologies of the DMO are inferred to have formed in a broad forearc setting, representing a sequence from subduction initiation to magmatic arc formation. Sedimentary blocks within the structurally underlying ophiolitic Patuki Melange are similar to the Maitai Group, supporting a formational relationship with the DMO.
Chapter 6 Coupled deformation and melt-migration events recording subduction initiation, Dun Mountain ophiolite, New Zealand
Authors: Stewart E. , Newman J. , Tikoff B. , Donnelly S. , German L. , Chatzaras V. , Lamb W. M. , Miller B. , Kruckenberg S. C.
Published: May 2019

The Dun Mountain ophiolite, South Island, New Zealand, records complex overprinting of mantle fabrics. Using structural observations, microstructural analysis, geothermometry, geobarometry, geochronology and rheological constraints from the Red Hills and Dun Mountain massifs, we propose that three deformation events occurred during the early stages of subduction initiation along the Permian margin of Gondwana. During the first deformation event, the lineated Two Tarns Harzburgite from the Red Hills formed in a transtensional setting associated with subduction initiation. Deformation was pervasive, homogeneous and simultaneous with boninitic melt migration through the unit; it also occurred at very fast strain rates (10
−9
–10
−8
s
−1
). During the second deformation event, progressive exhumation to
c.
5 kbar and cooling to 1000°C led to the localization of melt and deformation into distinct zones (Dun Mountain, and the Plateau Complex, Plagioclase Zone and Ellis Stream Complex of the Red Hills). The third deformation event resulted in continued cooling and exhumation along serpentinized faults. This history provides a rare glimpse of the coupled fabric development and melt migration that sequentially develop in the early mantle wedge during the initiation of a subduction zone.
SIGCE technical symposium programming languages mentions by decade
Authors: Pérez-Quiñones Manuel A.
Published: May 2019

We created a visualization for the languages mentioned in the SIGCSE Technical Symposia abstracts by decade. There is no distinction between papers, posters, special sessions, and other types of submissions archived in the digital library. We included all of them.
Volunteering with SIGCSE
Authors: Settle Amber , Fitzgerald Sue , Morrison Briana
Published: May 2019

Like all Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Groups (SIGs), SIGCSE relies heavily on volunteers for the work it does. Luckily, SIGCSE has a strong base of volunteers willing to help the SIG in its mission of providing a global forum for computing educators. A focus of the current SIGCSE Board has been to make the selection of volunteers for SIGCSE positions as open and inclusive as possible in order to nurture the development of future community leaders. As part of that work, the SIGCSE Board now posts open calls for all Board-approved positions and has held sessions at the 2018 and 2019 Technical Symposium to discuss volunteer opportunities. The slides from the 2019 session can be found here: https://sigcse.org/sigcse/about/volunteers
Fascism and Populism: Are They Useful Categories for Comparative Sociological Analysis?
Authors: Berezin Mabel
Published: May 2019

Political developments in the United States and Europe have generated a resurgence in the use of the terms fascism and populism across multiple media. Fascism is a historically specific term that Benito Mussolini coined in Italy to define his regime. Over time, political analysts erased the historical specificity of fascism and deployed it as an analytic category. In contrast, populism is an analytic category that, depending on context, includes varying aggregates of popular preferences that often lack a coherent and unifying ideology. This review draws upon interdisciplinary scholarship and empirical cases to revisit the terms fascism and populism, focusing on institutionalized politics. Contemporary fascist and populist politics are increasingly global. This review argues that comparative political and historical sociologists need to develop an analytically cogent approach to researching this encroaching political phenomenon. The review suggests a research agenda that treats fascism and populism as more than conceptual categories.
Altered gastric tone and motility response to brain-stem dopamine in a rat model of parkinsonism
Authors: Bove Cecilia , Anselmi Laura , Travagli R. Alberto
Published: May 2019

The majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recently, we described a nigro-vagal pathway that uses dopaminergic (DA) inputs to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and A2 area neurons to modulate gastric motility and tone. This pathway is disrupted in a rodent model of PD. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that brain-stem DA modulation of gastric tone and motility is altered in a rodent model of PD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received three weekly intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) or saline (control). In naive conditions, microinjection of DA into the DMV induced a gastroinhibitory response in 100% of animals. In 19 of 28 PQ-treated animals, however, microinjection of DA into the DVC induced a biphasic response, with an initial increase in gastric tone and motility followed by a profound gastroinhibition. The excitatory response to DA microinjection was attenuated by a combination of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptor antagonists. Conversely, the inhibitory response was reduced by the DA2-like receptor antagonist only. Pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine did not modulate the response to DA, thus excluding involvement of the A2 area. At the end of the experiments, induction of the Parkinson phenotype was confirmed by the presence of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the DMV and substantia nigra pars compacta. These data suggest a maladaptive neural plasticity in brain-stem vagal circuits regulating gastric motility in PQ-treated rats that may be responsible for the gastric dysfunction observed in PD models.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY After paraquat treatment and induction of Parkinson’s disease, brain-stem dopamine (DA) application induces a biphasic gastric response in the majority of rats, with an initial increase in tone and motility followed by gastroinhibition. The initial increase in gastric tone and motility is mediated via a combined activation of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptors. The inhibitory effects of DA are mediated by DA2-like receptors and are not affected by blockade of adrenergic inputs mediated by α2-adrenoceptors.
Perinatal high-fat diet alters development of GABAA receptor subunits in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
Authors: Clyburn Courtney , Howe Caitlin A. , Arnold Amy C. , Lang Charles H. , Travagli R. Alberto , Browning Kirsteen N.
Published: May 2019

Perinatal high-fat diet (pHFD) exposure increases the inhibition of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons, potentially contributing to the dysregulation of gastric functions. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pHFD increases the inhibition of DMV neurons by disrupting GABAA receptor subunit development. In vivo gastric recordings were made from adult anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats fed a control or pHFD (14 or 60% kcal from fat, respectively) from embryonic day 13 (E13) to postnatal day 42 (P42), and response to brainstem microinjection of benzodiazepines was assessed. Whole cell patch clamp recordings from DMV neurons assessed the functional expression of GABAA α subunits, whereas mRNA and protein expression were measured via qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. pHFD decreased basal antrum and corpus motility, whereas brainstem microinjection of L838,417 (positive allosteric modulator of α2/3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors) produced a larger decrease in gastric tone and motility. GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in pHFD DMV neurons were responsive to L838,417 throughout development, unlike control DMV neurons, which were responsive only at early postnatal timepoints. Brainstem mRNA and protein expression of the GABAA α1,2, and 3 subunits, however, did not differ between control and pHFD rats. This study suggests that pHFD exposure arrests the development of synaptic GABAA α2/3 receptor subunits on DMV neurons and that functional synaptic expression is maintained into adulthood, although cellular localization may differ. The tonic activation of slower GABAA α2/3 subunit-containing receptors implies that such developmental changes may contribute to the observed decreased gastric motility.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vagal neurocircuits involved in the control of gastric functions, satiation, and food intake are subject to significant developmental regulation postnatally, with immature GABAA receptors expressing slower α2/3-subunits, whereas mature GABAA receptor express faster α1-subunits. After perinatal high-fat diet exposure, this developmental regulation of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons is disrupted, increasing their tonic GABAergic inhibition, decreasing efferent output, and potentially decreasing gastric motility.
Organic dust induces inflammatory gene expression in lung epithelial cells via ROS-dependent STAT-3 activation
Authors: Natarajan Kartiga , Meganathan Velmurugan , Mitchell Courtney , Boggaram Vijay
Published: May 2019

Exposure to dust in agricultural and animal environments, known as organic dust, is associated with the development of respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases. Inflammation is a key feature of lung pathologies associated with organic dust exposure, and exposure to organic dust induces the expression of several immune and inflammatory mediators. However, information on transcription factors and cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the production of immune and inflammatory mediators induced by organic dust is limited. In this study, we have identified STAT-3 as an important transcription factor controlling the induction of expression of immune and inflammatory mediators by poultry dust extracts in airway epithelial cells and in mouse lungs and delineated the cellular pathway for STAT-3 activation. Poultry dust extract activated STAT-3 phosphorylation in Beas2B and normal human bronchial epithelial cells and in mouse lungs. Chemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown of STAT-3 suppressed induction of immune and inflammatory mediator expression. Antioxidants suppressed the increase of STAT-3 phosphorylation induced by poultry dust extract indicating that oxidative stress [elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels] is important for the activation. Chemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that STAT-3 activation is dependent on the activation of nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (TYK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases. Our studies show that poultry dust extract controls the induction of immune and inflammatory mediator expression via a cellular pathway involving oxidative stress-mediated STAT-3 activation by TYK2 and EGFR tyrosine kinases.
Lateralization of directional brain-heart information transfer during visual emotional elicitation
Authors: Greco Alberto , Faes Luca , Catrambone Vincenzo , Barbieri Riccardo , Scilingo Enzo Pasquale , Valenza Gaetano
Published: May 2019

Previous studies have characterized the physiological interactions between central nervous system (brain) and peripheral cardiovascular system (heart) during affective elicitation in healthy subjects; however, questions related to the directionality of this functional interplay have been gaining less attention from the scientific community. Here, we explore brain-heart interactions during visual emotional elicitation in healthy subjects using measures of Granger causality (GC), a widely used descriptor of causal influences between two dynamical systems. The proposed approach inferences causality between instantaneous cardiovagal dynamics estimated from inhomogeneous point-process models of the heartbeat and high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) dynamics in 22 healthy subjects who underwent pleasant/unpleasant affective elicitation by watching pictures from the International Affective Picture System database. Particularly, we calculated the GC indexes between the EEG spectrogram in the canonical θ-, α-, β-, and γ-bands and both the instantaneous mean heart rate and its continuous parasympathetic modulations (i.e., the instantaneous HF power). Thus we looked for significant statistical differences among GC values estimated during the resting state, neutral elicitation, and pleasant/unpleasant arousing elicitation. As compared with resting state, coupling strength increases significantly in the left hemisphere during positive stimuli and in the right hemisphere during negative stimuli. Our results further reveal a correlation between emotional valence and lateralization of the dynamical information transfer going from brain-to-heart, mainly localized in the prefrontal, somatosensory, and posterior cortexes, and of the information transfer from heart-to-brain, mainly reflected into the fronto-parietal cortex oscillations in the γ-band (30 −45 Hz).
The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age
Authors: Pogson Jacob M. , Taylor Rachael L. , Bradshaw Andrew P. , McGarvie Leigh , D’Souza Mario , Halmagyi G. Michael , Welgampola Miriam S.
Published: May 2019

Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16–84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02–0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude “main sequence” slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. <40°/s per 1°). In summary, we found small but significant asymmetries in monocular vHIT gain that changed with age. Healthy subjects commonly have minuscule refixation saccades that are moderately to strongly correlated with vHIT gain.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid “head-impulse” movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.