bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCO+and Radio Continuum Emission from the Star Forming Region G75.78+0.34
Authors: Riffel Rogemar A. , Lüdke Everton
Published: January 2014

We present 1.3 and 3.6 cm radio continuum images and a HCO+spectrum of the massive star forming region G75.78+0.34 obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA) and with the Berkley Illinois Maryland Association (BIMA) interferometer. Three structures were detected in the continuum emission: one associated with the well-known cometary H ɪɪ region, plus two more compact structures located at 6′′ east and at 2′′ south of cometary H ɪɪ region. Using the total flux and intensity peak we estimated an electron density of≈1.5 × 104 cm−3, an emission measure of≈6 × 107 cm−6 pc, a mass of ionized gas of≈3 M⊙, and a diameter of 0.05 pc for the cometary H ɪɪ region, being typical values for an ultracompact H ɪɪ region. The HCO+emission probably originates from the molecular outflows previously observed in HCN and CO.
Genes Associated with SLE Are Targets of Recent Positive Selection
Authors: Ramos Paula S. , Shaftman Stephanie R. , Ward Ralph C. , Langefeld Carl D.
Published: January 2014

The reasons for the ethnic disparities in the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the relative high frequency of SLE risk alleles in the population are not fully understood. Population genetic factors such as natural selection alter allele frequencies over generations and may help explain the persistence of such common risk variants in the population and the differential risk of SLE. In order to better understand the genetic basis of SLE that might be due to natural selection, a total of 74 genomic regions with compelling evidence for association with SLE were tested for evidence of recent positive selection in the HapMap and HGDP populations, using population differentiation, allele frequency, and haplotype-based tests. Consistent signs of positive selection across different studies and statistical methods were observed at several SLE-associated loci, includingPTPN22,TNFSF4,TET3-DGUOK,TNIP1,UHRF1BP1,BLK, andITGAMgenes. This study is the first to evaluate and report that several SLE-associated regions show signs of positive natural selection. These results provide corroborating evidence in support of recent positive selection as one mechanism underlying the elevated population frequency of SLE risk loci and supports future research that integrates signals of natural selection to help identify functional SLE risk alleles.
Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use
Authors: Richards John R. , Farias Valeria F. , Clingan Chris S.
Published: January 2014

Objective. Determining the etiology of unexplained leukocytosis in asymptomatic patients may incur unnecessary testing, cost, and prolonged emergency department stay. The objective was to delineate if use of amphetamines and/or cocaine is a factor.Methods. For two years we reviewed all psychiatric patients presenting for medical clearance with exclusions for infection, epilepsy, trauma, or other nonpsychiatric medical conditions.Results. With a total of 1,206 patients, 877 (72.7%) amphetamines/cocaine-negative drug screen controls had mean WBC8.4±2.6×103/µL. The 240 (19.9%) amphetamines-positive, cocaine-negative, patients had WBC9.4±3.3×103/µL (P<0.0001). The 72 (6.0%) amphetamines-negative, cocaine-positive, patients had WBC7.1±1.8×103/µL (P<0.0001). The remaining 17 (1.4%) amphetamines/cocaine-positive patients had WBC10.0±4.2×103/µL (P=0.01). Amphetamines-positive patients had a supranormal WBC ratio significantly higher than controls (23.8% versus 14.8%,P=0.001), whereas only one cocaine-positive patient had a supranormal WBC count, with significantly lower ratio (1.4%,P=0.0003).Conclusion. Use of amphetamines, not cocaine, may be associated with idiopathic leukocytosis. This may be explained by unique pharmacologic, neuroendocrine, and immunomodulatory differences.
Necrotizing Fasciitis: Diagnostic Challenges and Current Practices
Authors: Vijayakumar Abhishek , Pullagura Rajeev , Thimmappa Durganna
Published: January 2014

Necrotizing fasciitis or necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) are infrequent but highly lethal infections. They can be defined as infections of any of the layers within the soft tissue compartment (dermis, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, deep fascia, or muscle) that are associated with necrotizing changes. At onset, necrotizing fasciitis can be difficult to differentiate from cellulitis and other superficial infections of the skin. In fact, only 15% to 34% of patients with necrotizing fasciitis have an accurate admitting diagnosis. Early diagnosis and management with surgical debridement, antimicrobials, and supportive measures reduce mortality. Even with modern ICU care mortality ranges between 16 and 36%; this is related to delays in diagnosis and comorbidities. Various scoring systems have been developed which help in diagnosis and stratifying patients into risk groups. The present review deals with varied presentation, early diagnosis, and management of necrotizing fasciitis.
Biochemical and Anatomical Changes and Yield Reduction in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) under Varied Salinity Regimes
Authors: Hakim M. A. , Juraimi Abdul Shukor , Hanafi M. M. , Ismail Mohd Razi , Selamat Ahmad , Rafii M. Y. , Latif M. A.
Published: January 2014

Five Malaysian rice (Oryza sativaL.) varieties, MR33, MR52, MR211, MR219, and MR232, were tested in pot culture under different salinity regimes for biochemical response, physiological activity, and grain yield. Three different levels of salt stresses, namely, 4, 8, and 12 dS m−1, were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications under glass house conditions. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content, proline, sugar content, soluble protein, free amino acid, and yield per plant of all the genotypes were influenced by different salinity levels. The chlorophyll content was observed to decrease with salinity level but the proline increased with salinity levels in all varieties. Reducing sugar and total sugar increased up to 8 dS m−1and decreased up to 12 dS m−1. Nonreducing sugar decreased with increasing the salinity levels in all varieties. Soluble protein and free amino acid also decreased with increasing salinity levels. Cortical cells of MR211 and MR232 did not show cell collapse up to 8 dS m−1salinity levels compared to susceptible checks (IR20 and BRRI dhan29). Therefore, considering all parameters, MR211 and MR232 showed better salinity tolerance among the tested varieties. Both cluster and principal component analyses depict the similar results.
Improved BDF Relaying Scheme Using Time Diversity over Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading Channels
Authors: García-Zambrana Antonio , Castillo-Vázquez Carmen , Castillo-Vázquez Beatriz
Published: January 2014

A novel bit-detect-and-forward (BDF) relaying scheme based on repetition coding with the relay is proposed, significantly improving the robustness to impairments proper to free-space optical (FSO) communications such as unsuitable alignment between transmitter and receiver as well as fluctuations in the irradiance of the transmitted optical beam due to the atmospheric turbulence. Closed-form asymptotic bit-error-rate (BER) expressions are derived for a 3-way FSO communication setup. Fully exploiting the potential time-diversity available in the relay turbulent channel, a relevant better performance is achieved, showing a greater robustness to the relay location since a high diversity gain is provided regardless of the source-destination link distance.
Tunable First-Order Resistorless All-Pass Filter with Low Output Impedance
Authors: Beg Parveen
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a voltage mode cascadable single active element tunable first-order all-pass filter with a single passive component. The active element used to realise the filter is a new building block termed as differential difference dual-X current conveyor with a buffered output (DD-DXCCII). The filter is thus realized with the help of a DD-DXCCII, a capacitor, and a MOS transistor. By exploiting the low output impedance, a higher order filter is also realized. Nonideal and parasitic study is also carried out on the realised filters. The proposed DD-DXCCII filters are simulated using TSMC the 0.25 µm technology.
Rhabdomyosarcoma with Pseudolipoblasts Arising in Ovarian Carcinosarcoma: A Distinctive Postchemotherapy Morphologic Variant Mimicking Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Authors: Thway Khin , Hazell Steve , Banerjee Susana , Fisher Cyril
Published: January 2014

We describe a case of ovarian carcinosarcoma occurring in a 60-year-old female. The neoplasm was excised after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and contained a predominant heterologous pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomatous component in which there were numerous multivacuolated rhabdomyoblasts that strongly mimicked lipoblasts. The clear cell variant of rhabdomyosarcoma is rarely documented, but this case shows a highly unusual finding in which the rhabdomyoblasts show the prominent multivacuolation with nuclear indentation characteristic of and indistinguishable from pleomorphic lipoblasts. This appears to represent a posttreatment phenomenon. As this finding might conceivably occur in other rhabdomyosarcomas after chemotherapy, we highlight the potential for diagnostic confusion with pleomorphic liposarcoma, which is usually diagnosed by morphology so that immunohistochemistry for muscle markers might not be performed.
Body Adiposity Index: Its Relevance and Validity in Assessing Body Fatness of Adults
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Kapoor Satwanti
Published: January 2014

Background. One of the limitations of body mass index is its accuracy to assess body fatness. To address this limitation, a new index, body adiposity index, has been developed. However its validity needs to ascertained. Objective. Our aim was to investigate sex-specific relationship between BAI, BMI, and percent body fat in an endogamous population of Delhi, India. Method. Data was collected from 578 adults on bodyweight, height, skinfold thicknesses, hip circumference, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pearson’s correlations were calculated for BAI and BMI with PBF. Differences in the correlation coefficients were examined using Fisher’s z tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the predictive validity and to determine optimal cut-off values. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk of having hypertension using the proposed cut-off points. Results. The correlations of PBF with BMI (men: r=0.83; women: r=0.71) were stronger than those with BAI (men: r=0.66; women: r=0.58). In men, the sensitivity and specificity of BAI to predict hypertension were higher than other anthropometric markers but lower than BMI. In women, the sensitivity of BAI was higher than BMI and WC. Conclusions. BAI can be used as an additional marker for screening population; however its validity needs to be demonstrated on other populations too.
Gamma Emitting Radionuclides in Soils from Selected Areas in Douala-Bassa Zone, Littoral Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndontchueng Maurice Moyo , Mekongtso Nguelem Eric Jilbert , Simo Augustin , Njinga Raymond Limen , Joël Gembou Shouop Cébastien
Published: January 2014

A study of natural radioactivity levels in some composites of eighteen soil samples selected within Douala-Bassa zone of Littoral Region has been evaluated. The samples were analysed using gamma spectrometry based broad energy germanium detector (BEGe 6350). The activity profile of radionuclide shows low activity across the studied areas. The obtained mean values of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the two campuses were 25.48 Bq/kg, 65.96 Bq/kg, and 39.14 Bq/kg for Campus 1 and 24.50 Bq/kg, 66.71 Bq/kg, and 28.19 Bq/kg for Campus 2, respectively. In terms of health analysis, some radiation health hazard parameters were calculated within the two campuses. The mean values of radium equivalent activity were 122.81 Bq/kg and 122.08 Bq/kg, absorbed dose rate in air was 99.13 nGy/h and 98.18 nGy/y, annual outdoor effective dose was 0.12 mSv/y and 0.12 mSv/y, and external health hazard index was 0.34 and 0.33 in Campus 1 and Campus 2, respectively. These health hazard parameters were seen to be below the safe limit of UNSCEAR 2000 except the absorbed dose rate in air and the annual outdoor effective doses which are relatively high compared to the values of 60 nGy/h and 0.07 mSv/y. These results reveal no significant radiological health hazards for inhabitance within the study areas.
Structure Characterization of [N-Phenylamino(2-boronphenyl)-R-methyl]phosphonic Acid by Vibrational Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Piergies Natalia , Proniewicz Edyta
Published: January 2014

We present the first Fourier-transform infrared absorption (FT-IR) and Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) analysis of vibrational structure of [N-phenylamino(2-boronphenyl)-R-methyl]phosphonic acid ([PhN-(2-PhB(OH)2)-R-Me]PO3H2). Assignments of experimental wavenumbers are based on performed theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Theoretical calculations show that the most stable structure of the investigated molecule is dimer incis-transconformation created by a pair of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the boron hydroxyl groups of two monomers.
Long-Term Prediction of Biological Wastewater Treatment Process Behavior via Wiener-Laguerre Network Model
Authors: Sanayei Yasaman , Chaibakhsh Naz , Chaibakhsh Ali , Pendashteh Ali Reza , Ismail Norli , Teng Tjoon Tow
Published: January 2014

A Wiener-Laguerre model with artificial neural network (ANN) as its nonlinear static part was employed to describe the dynamic behavior of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) used for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. The model was developed based on the experimental data obtained from the treatment of an effluent containing a reactive textile azo dye, Cibacron yellow FN-2R, bySphingomonas paucimobilisbacterium. The influent COD, MLVSS, and reaction time were selected as the process inputs and the effluent COD and BOD as the process outputs. The best possible result for the discrete pole parameter wasα=0.44. In order to adjust the parameters of ANN, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was employed. The results predicted by the model were compared to the experimental data and showed a high correlation withR2>0.99and a low mean absolute error (MAE). The results from this study reveal that the developed model is accurate and efficacious in predicting COD and BOD parameters of the dye-containing wastewater treated by SBR. The proposed modeling approach can be applied to other industrial wastewater treatment systems to predict effluent characteristics.
Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Stainless Steel Wire Using Chemical Vapour Deposition and Their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Abd Aziz Siti Nor Qurratu Aini , Pung Swee-Yong , Ramli Nurul Najiah , Lockman Zainovia
Published: January 2014

The photodegradation efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles in removal of organic pollutants deteriorates over time as a high percentage of the nanoparticles can be drained away by water during the wastewater treatment. This problem can be solved by growing the ZnO nanorods on stainless steel wire. In this work, ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on stainless steel wire by chemical vapour deposition. The SAED analysis indicates that ZnO nanorod is a single crystal and is preferentially grown in [0001] direction. The deconvoluted O 1s peak at 531.5 eV in XPS analysis is associated with oxygen deficient, revealing that the ZnO nanorods contain many oxygen vacancies. This observation is further supported by the finding of the smallIuv/Ivisratio, that is, ~1 in the photoluminescence analysis. The growth of ZnO nanorods on stainless steel wire was governed by vapour-solid mechanism as there were no Fe particles observed at the tips of the nanorods. The photodegradation of Rhodamine B solution by ZnO nanorods followed the first-order kinetics.
Verbal Comprehension Ability in Aphasia: Demographic and Lexical Knowledge Effects
Authors: Simos Panagiotis G. , Kasselimis Dimitrios , Potagas Constantin , Evdokimidis Ioannis
Published: January 2014

Background. Assessment of sentence-level auditory comprehension can be performed with a variety of tests varying in response requirements. A brief and easy to administer measure, not requiring an overt verbal or a complex motor response, is essential in any test battery for aphasia.Objective. The present study examines the clinical utility of receptive language indices for individuals with aphasia based on the Comprehension of Instructions in Greek (CIG), a variant of the Token Test, and the Greek version of PPVT-R.Methods. Normative data from a large community sample of Greek adults aged 46–80 years was available on both measures. A word-level-independent measure of auditory comprehension was computed as the standard score difference between the two tests and used to compare patients with and without comprehension deficits as indicated by their Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination profile.Results and Conclusions. Indices of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were very good. Education and age effects on performance were significant, with the former being stronger. The potential clinical utility of differential ability indices (contrasting sentence- and word-level auditory comprehension tests) is discussed.
Hybrid Effect of Nanosilicates and MWNT on Mechanical, Thermal, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: January 2014

A two-step process was used to prepare PP/MAPP/C15A/MWNT ternary nanocomposites system. The effect of the addition of MWNT on the delamination of clay layers in the polymer matrix has been studied through XRD. The similar crystallinity level was noticed after the addition of clay and MWNT together in the PP matrix through XRD. Higher mechanical properties of the ternary nanocomposites system were noticed than neat PP and its binary nanocomposites systems. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique was utilized to investigate the effect of both nanofillers on crystallization temperature (TC). And a shift in TC towards higher temperature was noticed in all the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an improved thermal stability of the ternary nanocomposites system. The dynamic mechanical response of PP and its binary and ternary nanocomposite systems was evaluated. The dispersion of the nanoparticles was investigated employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined effect of clay and MWNT on the properties of PP was investigated and summarized.
Joint Effects of Physical Activity and BMI on Risk of Hypertension in Women: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jackson Caroline , Herber-Gast Gerrie-Cor , Brown Wendy
Published: January 2014

Introduction. There is debate as to whether physical activity counteracts the adverse effect of weight on health outcomes. We investigated how physical activity modifies the effect of body mass index (BMI) on hypertension risk.Methods. BMI, physical activity, and hypertension were measured at baseline and at three-year interval for 14 years (from 1996 to 2010), in 10,339 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Generalised estimating equation models for binary repeated measures were performed to determine the individual and joint effects of BMI and physical activity on incident hypertension.Results. At baseline (mean age47.6±1.5 SD), 57% were healthy weight, 28% overweight, and 14% obese. Increasing BMI and decreasing physical activity were associated with increased risk of hypertension. Physical activity attenuated the positive association between weight and risk of hypertension, especially for obese women. Compared to healthy weight high active women, risk of hypertension in obese high active women was 3.4 times greater (OR 3.43, 95% CI 2.68, 4.39) and in obese inactive women 4.9 times greater (OR 4.91, 95% CI 3.92, 6.13).Conclusions. Both physical activity and maintenance of a healthy body weight are associated with lower risk of hypertension. Physical activity reduced but did not remove the effect of obesity on hypertension risk.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate, Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride, and Enrofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Acid Dyes
Authors: Gouda Ayman A. , Amin Alaa S. , El-Sheikh Ragaa , Yousef Amira G.
Published: January 2014

Simple, rapid, and extractive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of some fluoroquinolones antibiotics: gemifloxacin mesylate (GMF), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF), and enrofloxacin (ENF) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between the basic drugs and acid dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), and methyl orange (MO) in acidic buffer solutions. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform and measured at 420, 408, 416, 415, and 422 nm for BCG, BCP, BPB, BTB, and MO, respectively, for GMF; at 410, 415, 416, and 420 nm for BCP, BTB, BPB, and MO, respectively, for MXF; and at 419 and 414 nm for BCG and BTB, respectively, in case of ENF. The analytical parameters and their effects are investigated. Beer’s law was obeyed in the ranges 1.0–30, 1.0–20, and 2.0–24 μg mL−1for GMF, MXF, and ENF, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference methods showed excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision.
Effects of Dental Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia on Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Using Proxy Short Versions of OHRQoL Instruments
Authors: Baghdadi Ziad D.
Published: January 2014

Aim. To examine the impact of comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children using short form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS).Design. A pretest/posttest study involved parents whose children (N= 67) were affected with severe childhood caries and completed comprehensive dental treatment under GA. All parents completed the short form versions of the P-CPQ and FIS at baseline and 4–8 weeks following the dental treatment. To examine test-retest reliability, a convenience sample of 38 parents repeated the pretreatment questionnaires 1-2 weeks after they completed them at baseline. Statistical tests including the Kruskal-Wallis test, Cronbach’s alpha, and pairedt-test were used to examine cross-sectional construct validity, internal consistency, and responsiveness of the instruments, respectively.Results. Cross-sectional construct validity and internal consistency were acceptable. Test-retest reliability was excellent. Large decreases in posttreatment scores were observed along with moderate to large effect sizes.Conclusions. Dental treatment under GA is associated with considerable improvement in OHRQoL of children and their families, as demonstrated by short form versions of the P-CPQ and FIS completed by the children’s parents.
Infliximab Reverses Suppression of Cholesterol Efflux Proteins by TNF-α: A Possible Mechanism for Modulation of Atherogenesis
Authors: Voloshyna Iryna , Seshadri Sangeetha , Anwar Kamran , Littlefield Michael J. , Belilos Elise , Carsons Steven E. , Reiss Allison B.
Published: January 2014

Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)αis a proinflammatory proatherogenic cytokine. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-αmonoclonal antibody, is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, its impact on cardiovascular burden and lipid transport is unclear. The present study investigates the effect of TNF-αand infliximab on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) proteins. Uptake of modified lipoproteins by macrophages in the vasculature leads to atherogenic foam cell formation. RCT is mediated by proteins including ATP binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1), G1 (ABCG1), liver X receptor- (LXR-)α, and 27-hydroxylase. RCT counteracts lipid overload by ridding cells of excess cholesterol. THP-1 human monocytes were incubated with either TNF-αalone or TNF-αwith infliximab. Expression of proteins involved in cholesterol efflux was analyzed. TNF-αsignificantly reduced both ABCA1 and LXR-αmRNA (to68.5±1.59%,P<0.05, and41.2±0.25%,P<0.01, versus control set as 100%, resp.). Infliximab nullified the TNF-αeffect. Results were confirmed by Western blot. Infliximab abolished the increase in foam cells induced by TNF-α. TNF-αtreatment significantly reduces ABCA1 and LXR-αexpression in monocytes, thus bringing about a proatherogenic state. The anti-TNF drug infliximab, commonly used in rheumatology, restored RCT proteins. This is the first report of an atheroprotective effect of infliximab on RCT in monocytes.
Eyes as Gateways for Environmental Light to the Substantia Nigra: Relevance in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Romeo Stefania , Di Camillo Daniela , Splendiani Alessandra , Capannolo Marta , Rocchi Cristina , Aloisi Gabriella , Fasciani Irene , Corsini Giovanni U. , Scarnati Eugenio , Lozzi Luca , Maggio Roberto
Published: January 2014

Recent data indicates that prolonged bright light exposure of rats induces production of neuromelanin and reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in thesubstantia nigra. This effect was the result of direct light reaching thesubstantia nigraand not due to alteration of circadian rhythms. Here, we measured the spectrum of light reaching thesubstantia nigrain rats and analysed the pathway that light may take to reach this deep brain structure in humans. Wavelength range and light intensity, emitted from a fluorescent tube, were measured, using a stereotaxically implanted optical fibre in the rat mesencephalon. The hypothetical path of environmental light from the eye to thesubstantia nigrain humans was investigated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Light with wavelengths greater than 600 nm reached the ratsubstantia nigra, with a peak at 709 nm. Eyes appear to be the gateway for light to the mesencephalon since covering the eyes with aluminum foil reduced light intensity by half. Using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of a human head, we identified the eye and the superior orbital fissure as possible gateways for environmental light to reach the mesencephalon.
Stochastic Permanence, Stationary Distribution and Extinction of a Single-Species Nonlinear Diffusion System with Random Perturbation
Authors: Zu Li , Jiang Daqing , O’Regan Donal
Published: January 2014

We analyze the influence of stochastic perturbations on a single-species logistic model with the population’s nonlinear diffusion amongnpatches. First, we show that this system has a unique positive solution. Then we obtain sufficient conditions for stochastic permanence and persistence in mean, stationary distribution, and extinction. Finally, we illustrate our conclusions through numerical simulation.
Saponins fromAralia taibaiensisAttenuate D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Rats by Activating FOXO3a and Nrf2 Pathways
Authors: Li Ying-Na , Guo Yu , Xi Miao-Miao , Yang Pei , Zhou Xue-Ying , Yin Shuang , Hai Chun-Xu , Li Jin-Gang , Qin Xu-Jun
Published: January 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to the aging process. In our previous studies, we found that the saponins fromAralia taibaiensishave potent antioxidant activity, suggesting the potential protective activity on the aging. However, the protective effect of the saponins and the possible underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In the present study, we employed a D-galactose-induced aging rat model to investigate the protective effect of the saponins. We found that D-galactose treatment induced obvious aging-related changes such as the decreased thymus and spleen coefficients, the increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level, senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Further results showed that Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and their targeted antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were all inhibited in the aging rats induced by D-galactose treatment. Saponins supplementation showed effective protection on these changes. These results demonstrate that saponins fromAralia taibaiensisattenuate the D-galactose-induced rat aging. By activating FOXO3a and Nrf2 pathways, saponins increase their downstream multiple antioxidants expression and function, at least in part contributing to the protection on the D-galactose-induced aging in rats.
Cyclotrons as Drivers for Precision Neutrino Measurements
Authors: Adelmann A. , Alonso J. , Barletta W. A. , Conrad J. M. , Shaevitz M. H. , Spitz J. , Toups M. , Winslow L. A.
Published: January 2014

As we enter the age of precision measurement in neutrino physics, improved flux sources are required. These must have a well defined flavor content with energies in ranges where backgrounds are low and cross-section knowledge is high. Very few sources of neutrinos can meet these requirements. However, pion/muon and isotope decay-at-rest sources qualify. The ideal drivers for decay-at-rest sources are cyclotron accelerators, which are compact and relatively inexpensive. This paper describes a scheme to produce decay-at-rest sources driven by such cyclotrons, developed within the DAEδALUS program. Examples of the value of the high precision beams for pursuing Beyond Standard Model interactions are reviewed. New results on a combined DAEδALUS—Hyper-K search for CP violation that achieve errors on the mixing matrix parameter of 4° to 12° are presented.
Boundedness of Singular Integral Operators with Variable Kernels on Weighted Weak Hardy Spaces
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: January 2014

Let TΩ be the singular integral operator with variable kernel Ω(x,z). In this paper, by using the atomic decomposition theory of weighted weak Hardy spaces, we will obtain the boundedness properties of TΩ on these spaces, under some Dini type conditions imposed on the variable kernel Ω(x,z).
Low Conservative Criteria for Robust Consensus of Multiagent Systems with Delays, Disturbances, and Topologies Uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Qingjie , Jin Zhongqing , Li Qiang , Tao Jianwu , Fan Qiongjian , Gao Xiang
Published: January 2014

Considering the limited communications conditions such as delays, disturbances, and topologies uncertainties, the stability criteria for robust consensus of multiagent systems are proposed in this paper. Firstly, by using the idea of state decomposition and space transformation, the condition for guaranteeing consensus is converted into verifying the robust stability of the disagreement system. In order to deal with multiple time‐varying delays and switching topologies, jointly quadratic common Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (JQCLK) functional is built to analyze the robust stability. Then, the numerical criterion can be obtained through solving the corresponding feasible nonlinear matrix inequality (NLMI); at last, nonlinear minimization is
used like solving cone complementarity problem. Therefore, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) criterion is obtained, which can be solved by mathematical toolbox conveniently. In order to relax the conservativeness, free‐weighting matrices (FWM) method is employed. Further, the conclusion is extended to the case of strongly connected topologies. Numerical examples and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the benefit on reducing conservativeness of the proposed criteria.
Silvopastoral Systems Enhance Soil Quality in Grasslands of Colombia
Authors: Martínez Judith , Cajas Yasmín S. , León Juan D. , Osorio Nelson W.
Published: January 2014

In the tropical drylands of Colombia, the soils subjected to traditional systems of livestock production are severely degraded and depleted of plant nutrients. Multistrata silvopastoral systems are viable alternatives to improve livestock production; however, it is unknown whether these systems can reduce the negative environmental impacts of traditional systems on soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 13-year-old multistrata silvopastoral systems on soil quality parameters in degraded soils of the Sinu River Valley, Colombia. The results show that the trees in the silvopastoral systems increased or maintained soil pH values and nutrient availability (phosphorus, potassium, and calcium) with respect to the pastures with only grasses. The effects were significantly controlled by the types of plant species, particularlyGuazuma ulmifoliaandCassia grandis.
Studies onEmblica officinalisDerived Tannins for Their Immunostimulatory and Protective Activities against Coccidiosis in Industrial Broiler Chickens
Authors: Kaleem Qari Muhammad , Akhtar Masood , Awais Mian Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad , Zafar Muddassar , Iqbal Zafar , Muhammad Faqir , Anwar Muhammad Irfan
Published: January 2014

The present study reports the effect ofEmblica officinalis(EO) derived tannins on humoral immune responses and their protective efficacy againstEimeriainfection in chickens. Tannins were extracted from EO and characterized by HPLC. EO derived tannins (EOT) and commercial tannins (CT) were orally administered in broiler chicks in graded doses for three consecutive days, that is, 5th-7th days of age. On day 14 after administration of tannins, humoral immune response was detected against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by haemagglutination assay. Protective efficacy of tannins was measured against coccidial infection, induced byEimeriaspecies. Results revealed higher geomean titers against SRBCs in chickens administered with EOT as compared to those administered with CT and control group. Mean oocysts per gram of droppings were significantly lower (P<0.05) in EOT administered chickens as compared to control group. Lesion scoring also showed the lowest caecal and intestinal lesion score of mild to moderate intensity in chickens administered with EOT. Further, significantly higher (P<0.05) daily body weight gains and antibody titers were detected in EOT administered chickens as compared to those of CT administered and control groups. EOT showed the immunostimulatory properties in broilers and their administration in chickens boost the protective immunity against coccidiosis.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Rupture and Entrapment
Authors: Jahollari Artan , Sarac Atilla , Ozal Ertugrul
Published: January 2014

Intra-aortic balloon pump is used frequently to support a failing myocardium in cardiac patients. Due to the invasive nature of this device, usage is accompanied by consistent risk of complications. Balloon rupture, although it occurs rarely, may lead to entrapment if diagnosis delays. A 78-year male who underwent cardiac surgery experienced balloon rupture and entrapment in the right femoral artery during the postoperative follow-up. Surgical extraction under local anesthesia was performed and the patient had an uneventful course. Fast and gentle solution of the problem is necessary to prevent further morbidity or mortality related to a retained balloon catheter in these delicate patients.
Nontrivial Solutions for a Boundary Value Problem of nth-Order Impulsive Differential Equation
Authors: Xu Jiafa , Wei Zhongli
Published: January 2014

We study the existence of nontrivial solutions for nth-order boundary value problem with impulsive effects. We utilize Leray-Schauder degree theory to establish our main results. Furthermore, our nonlinear term f is allowed to grow superlinearly and sublinearly.
Higher Order Variational Integrators for Multibody System Dynamics with Constraints
Authors: Ding Jieyu , Pan Zhenkuan
Published: January 2014

The continuous and discrete Euler-Lagrangian equations with holonomic constraints are presented based on continuous and discrete Hamiltonian Principle. Using Lagrangian polynomial to interpolate state variables and Gauss quadrature formula to approximate Hamiltonian action integral, the higher order variational Galerkin integrators for multibody system dynamics with constraints and the computation procedure are given. Numerical examples are provided to show the long-time behavior of the methods proposed in this paper via comparisons with traditional Runge-Kutta methods.
Five Cases of Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma of the Ovary
Authors: Senol Taylan , Doger Emek , Kahramanoglu Ilker , Geduk Ayfer , Kole Emre , Yucesoy Izzet , Caliskan Eray
Published: January 2014

The involvement of the ovary in lymphomatous process is rare. Such an involvement may occur in 2 ways, primary or secondary. We report 5 cases of ovarian non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, with 3 of which primarily arising in the ovaries. Ovarian lymphoma can mimic more frequently occurring tumors including advanced epithelial carcinoma and radical surgery may be performed instead of a biopsy. The immunophenotypic and clinicopathologic features exhibited in this small series are described to call attention to early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian lymphoma. All patients were diagnosed as having DLBCL after ovary biopsy. Different treatment modalities were used and prognosis of the patients was reported.
Toluene Removal from Sandy Soils via In Situ Technologies with an Emphasis on Factors Influencing Soil Vapor Extraction
Authors: Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Hatamipour Mohammad Sadegh , Momenbeik Fariborz , Nourmoradi Heshmatollah , Farhadkhani Marzieh , Mohammadi-Moghadam Fazel
Published: January 2014

The integration of bioventing (BV) and soil vapor extraction (SVE) appears to be an effective combination method for soil decontamination. This paper serves two main purposes: it evaluates the effects of soil water content (SWC) and air flow rate on SVE and it investigates the transition regime between BV and SVE for toluene removal from sandy soils. 96 hours after air injection, more than 97% removal efficiency was achieved in all five experiments (carried out for SVE) including 5, 10, and 15% for SWC and 250 and 500 mL/min for air flow rate on SVE. The highest removal efficiency (>99.5%) of toluene was obtained by the combination of BV and SVE (AIBV: Air Injection Bioventing) after 96 h of air injection at a constant flow rate of 250 mL/min. It was found that AIBV has the highest efficiency for toluene removal from sandy soils and can remediate the vadose zone effectively to meet the soil guideline values for protection of groundwater.
Hysteretic Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Pier with Fiber Model
Authors: Hui-li Wang , Guang-qi Feng , Si-feng Qin
Published: January 2014

The hysteretic behavior and seismic characteristics of the prestressed concrete bridge pier were researched. The effects of the prestressed tendon ratio, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and the stirrup reinforcement ratio on the hysteretic behavior and seismic characteristics of the prestressed concrete bridge pier have been obtained with the fiber model analysis method. The analysis show some results about the prestressed concrete bridge pier. Firstly, greater prestressed tendon ratio and more longitudinal reinforcement can lead to more obvious pier’s hysteresis loop “pinching effect,” smaller residual displacement, and lower energy dissipation capacity. Secondly, the greater the stirrup reinforcement ratio is, the greater the hysteresis loop area is. That also means that bridge piers will have better ductility and stronger shear capacity. The results of the research will provide a theoretical basis for the hysteretic behavior analysis of the prestressed concrete pier.
Induction of Apoptosis of 2,4′,6-Trihydroxybenzophenone in HT-29 Colon Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Lay Ma Ma , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Abd Malek Sri Nurestri
Published: January 2014

2,4′,6-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction ofPhaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.) Boerl. fruits. It was found to inhibit cell proliferation in HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line but caused little damage to WRL-68 normal human liver and MRC-5 normal human fibroblast lung cell lines. The compound was found to sharply affect the viability of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HT-29 cells treated with the compound showed morphological changes under microscopic examination such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and the occurrence of apoptotic nuclei. The percentage of early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead or necrotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using annexin V-FTIC/PI staining. In addition, flow cytometry showed that, when the HT-29 cells were treated with 115 µM of the compound, it resulted in G0/G1phase arrest in a time-dependent manner. Western blot revealed an upregulation of PUMA, Bak, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 proteins suggesting that the compound induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by regulating these proteins.
Model Updating of Complex Structures Using the Combination of Component Mode Synthesis and Kriging Predictor
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Yan , Wang Dejun , Zhang Shaoyi
Published: January 2014

Updating the structural model of complex structures is time-consuming due to the large size of the finite element model (FEM). Using conventional methods for these cases is computationally expensive or even impossible. A two-level method, which combined the Kriging predictor and the component mode synthesis (CMS) technique, was proposed to ensure the successful implementing of FEM updating of large-scale structures. In the first level, the CMS was applied to build a reasonable condensed FEM of complex structures. In the second level, the Kriging predictor that was deemed as a surrogate FEM in structural dynamics was generated based on the condensed FEM. Some key issues of the application of the metamodel (surrogate FEM) to FEM updating were also discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by updating the FEM of a real arch bridge with the measured modal parameters.
Performance Evaluation of New Joint EDF-RM Scheduling Algorithm for Real Time Distributed System
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Nitin
Published: January 2014

In Real Time System, the achievement of deadline is the main target of every scheduling algorithm. Earliest Deadline First (EDF), Rate Monotonic (RM), and least Laxity First are some renowned algorithms that work well in their own context. As we know, there is a very common problem Domino's effect in EDF that is generated due to overloading condition (EDF is not working well in overloading situation). Similarly, performance of RM is degraded in underloading condition. We can say that both algorithms are complements of each other. Deadline missing in both events happens because of their utilization bounding strategy. Therefore, in this paper we are proposing a new scheduling algorithm that carries through the drawback of both existing algorithms. Joint EDF-RM scheduling algorithm is implemented in global scheduler that permits task migration mechanism in between processors in the system. In order to check the improved behavior of proposed algorithm we perform simulation. Results are achieved and evaluated in terms of Success Ratio (SR), Average CPU Utilization (ECU), Failure Ratio (FR), and Maximum Tardiness parameters. In the end, the results are compared with the existing (EDF, RM, and D_R_EDF) algorithms. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm performs better during overloading condition as well in underloading condition.
Long Term Prospective Assessment of Living Kidney Donors: Single Center Experience
Authors: Nagib Ayman Maher , Refaie Ayman Fathi , Hendy Yasser Abdelmoniem , Elfawal Magdy Abass Mohmed , Shokeir Ahmed Abdelrahman , Bakr Mohamed Adel , Neamattala Ahmed Hassan , Hamdy Ahmed Farouk , Mahmoud Khaled Mohamed , Ismail Amani Mostafa , Ghoneim Mohamed Ahmed
Published: January 2014

Virtually, all studies reporting the outcomes of living kidney donation beyond the first year from donation were retrospective. In this prospective study, the outcome of 81 consecutive living kidney donors was thoroughly evaluated. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments were carried out at predonation (basal), 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after donation. The mean age at time of donation was 37.8 ± 9.8 years and the majority was females (75.3%). The mean BMI increased significantly after donation (P<0.04). The mean serum creatinine levels (mg/dl) were 0.75 ± 0.14, 1.01 ± 0.22, 0.99 ± 0.21, 0.98 ± 0.20, and 0.94 ± 0.20 (P<0.0001). Likewise, the mean levels of measured creatinine clearance (mL/min) were 148.8 ± 35.7, 94.7 ± 26.6, 95.5 ± 24.6, 96.7 ± 20.2, and 101.6 ± 26.2 (P<0.0001). The mean 24 hours urinary protein excretion (gm/dL) were 0.09 ± 0.03, 0.19 ± 0.18, 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.18 ± 0.25, and 0.17 ± 0.12 (P<0.0001). There were significant increases in the means of the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the remaining kidney over time (P<0.001). Out of 42 female donors, eleven female donors have got successful postdonation pregnancies. There were no reported surgical complications, either intra- or postoperative. Long-term follow-up is necessary for all living kidney donors through local institutional and world registries. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00813579.
Influence of Hypertension on Neurocognitive Domains in Nondemented Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Jones Jacob D. , Jacobson Charles , Murphy Martina , Price Catherine , Okun Michael S. , Bowers Dawn
Published: January 2014

Objective. Health comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular risk factors, are well known to pose risks for cognitive decline in older adults. To date, little attention has focused on the impact of these comorbidities on Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study examined the prevalence and contribution of comorbidities on cognitive status in PD patients, above and beyond the effects of disease severity.Methods. A cross sectional design was used, including neuropsychological data on 341 PD patients without severe cognitive decline. Comorbidity data were collected via medical chart review. Data were analyzed using a series of multiple hierarchical regressions, controlling for PD-related disease variables.Results. Overall sample characteristics are 69% male, disease duration 9.7 years, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale 26.4, and age 64.7 years. Hypercholesterolemia (41.6%), hypertension (38.1%), and hypotension (30.2%) were the most reported comorbidities. The presence of hypertension significantly contributed to domains of executive function and verbal memory. The cooccurrence of orthostatic hypotension moderated the relationship between hypertension and executive function.Conclusions. This study on a large cohort of PD patients provides evidence for a detrimental influence of health comorbidities, particularly hypertension, on cognitive domains that have traditionally been conceptualized as being frontally and/or temporally mediated.