bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the knowledge of quality control among the personnel of a tertiary care hospital's biochemistry laboratory
Authors: Mahajan Pallavi , Badyal Ashima , Mahajan Ruhi
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Clinical laboratories are essential for disease screening, diagnosis and management, and they play a crucial role in patient care services. Thus, laboratory personnel’s primary responsibility is to issue high-quality reports that fulfil clinicians’ and patients’ expectations. Quality control (QC), including internal and external QC (IQC and EQC), is vital for the reliability of laboratory reports. QC encompasses the procedures used to determine whether laboratory results are reliable for clinical use, whereas IQC ensures daily consistency in the laboratory results. The aim of the study was to find out the knowledge of quality control both internal and external among laboratory personnel working in the Department of Biochemistry in a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:

This study assessed the knowledge of QC among laboratory personnel working in the department of biochemistry in a tertiary care centre. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate both IQC and EQC.

Results:

It was observed that 32% of laboratory personnel attained an average score, whereas 68% achieved a good score.

Conclusions:

The primary responsibility of laboratory personnel is to ensure accurate laboratory test results. Thus, the knowledge and practice of QC procedures improve medical laboratories’ quality and prepare laboratory personnel for various accreditation procedures.
Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria
Authors: Mukhtar Isyaku Gwarzo , Elkhashab Mohamed Mabrouk , Salim Muhammad Ali , Ibrahim Salisu Ahmed , Yarube Isyaku Umar
Published: December 2024

Background:

Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 has been established as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia among Caucasians; however, the relationship among Black Africans has not been consistent.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the sex-related differences in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and sociodemographic factors amongst community-dwelling older persons in Kano, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and forty-three participants (males = 65 and females = 78) were randomly recruited. APOE was genotyped from peripherally extracted genomic DNA using the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction with Hhal digestion. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B). Data were analysed using the SPSS software.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 65.69 years. The prevalence of MCI was 63.64%, and females were more affected (73.08% vs. 52.31%, χ
2 = 6.609; P = 0.010). The frequency of APOE genotypes was: E3/3-48%, E3/4-25.9%, E2/3-15.4%, E2/4 and E4/4-4.2%, and E2/2-2.8%, while its allelic distribution was: Ɛ3-68.2%, Ɛ4-19.2%, and Ɛ2-12.6%. Age and years of formal education were the independent predictors of the MoCA-B score. They explained 68% of the variance in MoCA-B score, while possession of at least one Ɛ4 allele (χ2 = 37.949, P < 0.001), low level of formal education (χ2 = 20.035, P = 0.001), being female (χ2 = 6.609, P = 0.010), being single (χ
2 = 6.303, P = 0.012), and having a lower monthly income (χ2 = 16.884, P = 0.001) were associated with MCI.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of MCI among older persons in Kano, Nigeria, is high and is associated with low levels of education, female sex, advanced age, low income, and APOE Ɛ4.
Ergonomics in Orthodontics: Interacting Work with Efficiency
Authors: Paul Rahul , Sharma Ish Kumar , Sharma Nidhi , Shrivastava Sparsh Bhaskar , Saini Prakher
Published: December 2024

This review article highlights the critical role of ergonomics in safeguarding orthodontists from the occupational hazards of musculoskeletal disorders. We analyze the ergonomic pitfalls of repetitive motions, static postures, and awkward reaches inherent in daily procedures. Solutions in the form of adjustable furniture, magnified loupes, optimized workflows, and exercise routines are explored. Ultimately, prioritizing ergonomics fosters not only practitioner well-being and reduced health-care costs but also enhanced patient care through increased precision and focus. By integrating ergonomic principles, orthodontists can cultivate a workplace that prioritizes both professional excellence and personal health.
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and ABR in vestibular migraine: Is there a correlation?
Authors: Zein-Elabedein Ahmed Mahmoud , Talaat Hossam Sanyelbhaa , Omran Nancy Fathy , Moaty Asmaa Salah
Published: December 2024

Background:

Vestibular migraine (VM) is distinguished by the temporal overlap between migraine and vestibular symptoms. However, accurate diagnosis is crucial to determine an appropriate therapeutic strategy.

Aims:

Our primary aim was to investigate the characteristics of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) shown by VM and migraine patients compared to healthy controls and to determine the correlation between ABR and cVEMP.

Settings and Design:

This case–control study comprised 120 female and male participants aged 18–45 years from November 2022 to October 2023.

Subjects and Methods:

The participants were equally divided into Groups 1 (VM), 2 (migraine), and 3 (healthy controls). ABR and cVEMP were performed for all participants, besides computing the disparities between the right and left sides.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square, analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation were used, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Results:

The cVEMP P13 and N23 latencies of migraine and VM patients were significantly longer than those of controls. The results revealed insignificant differences in P13-N23 amplitude as well as ABR waves and interpeak latencies across all groups. However, the interaural interpeak latencies significantly differed across the groups. The combined analysis of cVEMP and ABR demonstrated no significant correlation between c-VEMP and ABR results among the groups.

Conclusions:

Patients with migraine and VM showed audiovestibular abnormalities. Both VM and migraine patients, who experienced abnormally delayed P13 and N23 latency compared with healthy controls, are suggested to have subclinical vestibular dysfunction in the vestibulocollic pathway.
Focus on bimodal cochlear implant users: The advantages of a dedicated fitting formula
Authors: Canzi Pietro , Carlotto Elena , Consolino Patrizia , Avato Irene , Chiapperini Cesare , Minervini Domenico , Ottoboni Ilaria , Riccardi Pasquale , Lisi Diego Di , Benazzo Marco
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim is to evaluate the advantages of the dedicated Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal (APDB) fitting formula compared to the traditional National Acoustic Laboratories Non-Linear 2 (NAL-NL2) for contralateral hearing aid (HA) in bimodal cochlear implant (CI) users.

Settings and Design:

Cross-over bicentric study involving 10 adult bimodal Advanced Bionics CI users with usable contralateral hearing.

Subjects and Methods:

Participants were provided with a dedicated Naída Link Q90 HA. Speech recognition in noise was assessed with the Italian Matrix Sentence Test. The competing noise was presented at a fixed level of 55 dB HL. The speech level was changed adaptively to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) targeting at a score of 50% correct words. Outcomes were compared in three configurations, with CI only, with APDB and with NAL-NL2. Subjective hearing benefit was assessed using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) questionnaire in both bimodal configurations.

Results:

Speech intelligibility in noise showed significantly better results for both bimodal configurations (P < 0.001) compared to CI only (mean 9.1 dB SNR ± 5.7) and for the APDB formula (mean 2.25 dB SNR ± 2.4) compared to NAL-NL2 (mean 3.3 dB SNR ± 2.7; P < 0.05). Responses to the SSQ demonstrated a trend for improvement with APDB compared to NAL2/NAL in the “space” subgroup and a statistically significant difference in favor of APDB for “other sound qualities” (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The APDB fitting formula has been shown to be beneficial for binaural bimodal CI users, both in speech intelligibility test results and subjective perception of hearing comfort.
Remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus through intensive lifestyle modification in ambulatory setting
Authors: Antony Annu , Behera Priyamadhaba , Patro Binod Kumar , Taywade Manish
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread chronic condition often influenced by a complex interplay of factors. We present a remarkable case of a 54-year-old man diagnosed with T2DM in February 2016, whose journey sheds light on the potential for T2DM remission through lifestyle modifications. Remarkably, at the time of diagnosis, he displayed elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 11.6% alongside extreme work-related stress, as evidenced by a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) score of 27. Following a structured treatment plan, including pharmacological therapy and lifestyle changes, the patient demonstrated good glycemic control over 2 years. However, what makes this case truly exceptional is his decision to discontinue all medications against medical advice in October 2018. In this period, he continued to focus on lifestyle adjustments, including exercise, diet, and addressing the root cause of his stress. Crucially, the patient’s commitment to stress management and lifestyle modifications had a profound impact on his health. Through meticulous cross-verified testing at the All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar, this case reveals substantial improvements in HbA1c levels, from 11.6% to 5.3% and a significant reduction in stress levels (DASS score from 27 to 12). Corresponding reductions were also observed in fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar levels. Furthermore, microalbuminuria, a complication associated with diabetes, exhibited signs of reversal. These findings suggest that T2DM and its associated complications can be effectively managed and even reversed in certain cases through lifestyle modifications, underscoring the intricate link between mental well-being and physiological outcomes.
An association of intimate partner violence during the antenatal period with birth outcome: A longitudinal study
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Patel Sunita , Lilhare Anant Kumar , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Dhakar Jagmohan Singh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Intimate partner violence (IPV)/domestic violence is one of the most common types of violence against women. IPV during pregnancy is associated with a negative impact on birth outcome. It exerts adverse effects both upon physical and mental health status of women. Among physical it includes unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and injuries, while among mental it includes depression, anxiety and stress. The risk of abortion, preterm birth, low birth weight babies, and intrauterine death are associated with IPV. This study was done with the objective to find out the association of IPV during the antenatal period with birth outcome.

Material and Methods:

This was a community-based longitudinal study conducted in the rural area of Jabalpur district (Madhya Pradesh). The duration of the study was 1 year (March 21–February 22). Two hundred and fifteen women in the third trimester of pregnancy were interviewed for IPV and their birth outcomes were assessed in subsequent visits of interview. IPV was assessed using the HURT, INSULT, THREATEN, and SCREAM scale (HITS scale) and birth outcome by predesigned questionnaire.

Results:

IPV was found among 28 (13%) women in the third trimester of pregnancy. One hundred and forty-nine (69.3%) newborns were term, whereas 56 (26%) newborns were preterm. Congenital disorder was found among 6 (2.8%) newborns. Strong and significant associations were found between pre-term delivery (aOR = 2.902, p = 0.0162), congenital disorder (aOR = 7.36, p = 0.034), and low birth weight (<2.5 kg) (aOR = 4.737, p = 0.0002) with IPV.

Conclusion:

IPV was a risk to the health of pregnant women and the birth outcome of pregnancy. Therefore, protection against IPV component should be implemented in various maternal and child programs for the betterment of maternal and fetal health from an early stage.
Using the ELMERI Observation Method to Investigate and Compare Laboratories at Isfahan Public Health School in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety
Authors: Habibi Ehsanollah , Mousavi Sayed Mahdi , Ebrahimi Hossein , Nakhaei pour Mojtaba
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The present study aims to investigate laboratory safety situations using the ELMERI observation method.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 in the Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences laboratory. The survey data were applied with the ELMERI observation method, and the laboratories’ safety indicators were evaluated.

Results:

The findings provide important insights into the current state of laboratory safety. The average ELMERI index score for the laboratories was 69.32, indicating that overall health and safety performance is at an average level. Laboratories in five dimensions of building safety, safety of devices and equipment, personal safety, safety of chemicals, and waste management were at a good level. However, in three dimensions of electrical safety, fire safety, and safety management and the dimension of emergency response management, there is room for improvement.

Conclusion:

The general safety situation in the laboratories is at an average level, highlighting the need for better planning at the university and faculty levels. Enhanced planning is essential for improving safety management, particularly in emergency response and can have a significant impact on occupational health and safety in laboratories.
Role of Long-Acting Porcine Sequence ACTH (Acton Prolongatum) Stimulated Cortisol in Assessing Glucocorticoid Status in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Danda Vijay S. R. , Bhandiwad Chandrashekhar , Palle Sharmila , Paidipally Srinivas R. , Kyatham Vivek
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Conflicting research on cortisol levels and COVID-19 mortality prompted this study to comprehensively assess glucocorticoid status, its links to severity and outcomes, and the role of Acton prolongatum-stimulated cortisol.

Methods:

This is a prospective observational study, conducted in 100 RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients of mild, moderate, and severe grades from June 2021 to May 2023. Random cortisol, plasma ACTH, and action prolongatum stimulated cortisol were measured, categorized, and analyzed.

Results:

Among 100 patients, 25 had severe disease, 35 had moderate disease, and 40 had mild disease. In the same study group, 88 recovered and 12 expired from the COVID-19-related cause. The median random basal serum cortisol level (median (IQR): 10.2 (8) vs. 11.6 (9.7) vs. 16.2 (9.5) mcg/dl; P value 0.06), median delta value (median (IQR): 6.3 (5.8) vs. 7.6 (4.8) vs. 10.9 (5.6) mcg/dl; P value < 0.001), and median plasma ACTH (median (IQR): 13 (14.7) vs. 14.4 (14.1) vs. 22.3 (13) pg/ml; P value = 0.002) were lower in severe group subjects than in the moderate and mild group. When patients were labeled as adrenal insufficiency based on random basal serum cortisol < 10 mcg/dl or delta value < 9 mcg/dl, 48% of patients had adrenal insufficiency. There was a linear correlation between random basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol (r = 0.908, P value < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the significance of adrenal function in COVID-19 prognosis and suggests for routine random cortisol and ACTH assessments for glucocorticoid evaluation.
Effect of Millets Once a Day on Glycaemic Control among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Setting – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duraiswamy Mahadevan , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Ramakrishnan Jayalakshmy , Rengaraj Sasirekha , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Kais Mohammed , Subbaiah Murali
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14% of pregnancies globally, with a prevalence of 9–16% in India. Low-glycaemic index (GI) foods like millets may help control glycaemia in GDM. This study compared glycaemic control between GDM patients consuming millets once a day (MOD) and those receiving enhanced medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for 1 month.

Methods:

A parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among 224 GDM mothers at a tertiary centre from April 2022 to December 2023. Participants were randomized into two groups: The Enhanced MNT group received standard care with education materials, while the MOD group received 200 g of millets daily for 1 month and recipes. Follow-ups were at 2 weeks and 1 month. The primary outcome was the difference in glycaemic control between groups, analysed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and P < 0.05 significance.

Results:

Of the 219 participants who completed the study (97.8%), adherence was 77.6% in the MOD group and 78.5% in the Enhanced MNT group. In an intention-to-treat analysis, an additional 11.6% (95% CI: -1.5% to 24.7%) in the MOD group achieved glycaemic control compared to the Enhanced MNT group, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.083). However, the MOD group had a significant mean post-prandial blood glucose reduction of -4.55 (95% CI: -8.55 to -0.56; P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

Both interventions effectively controlled glycaemic levels, with the MOD group showing slightly better post-prandial glucose control. Adherence to the protocol was high.

Trial Registration:

CTRI Registry CTRI/2022/04/042013.
The Impact of Social Media on Awareness of Periodontal Disease and Treatment Options
Authors: Khinda Paramjit Kaur , Mehta Anita , Khinda Vineet
Published: December 2024

Background::

Periodontal disease is a prevalent oral health issue with systemic health implications. Despite its widespread nature, public awareness of its symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options remains inadequate. Social media platforms offer a promising avenue for disseminating health-related information to large, diverse audiences.

Aim::

To evaluate the impact of social media on awareness of periodontal disease and its treatment options among adults.

Materials and Methods::

A cross-sectional study involving 600 participants aged 18–60 years in Faridkot, India, was conducted using an online questionnaire shared through social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed demographics, social media usage patterns, and knowledge of periodontal disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive and inferential statistics, to explore associations between social media use and awareness levels.

Results::

Frequent social media users (75% of participants) exhibited significantly higher awareness of periodontal disease compared to occasional users (65% vs. 25% high awareness, P < 0.05). Social media platforms such as Instagram and YouTube were identified as the most effective channels for spreading periodontal health information.

Conclusion::

Social media plays a crucial role in raising awareness of periodontal disease and its treatment options. Targeted campaigns on these platforms, led by dental professionals, can significantly enhance public knowledge and encourage preventive care.
The Impact of School-based Dental Hygiene Programs on Children’s Oral Health
Authors: Mohammed Nada
Published: December 2024

School-based dental hygiene programs have emerged as an effective strategy to address oral health disparities among children. These programs deliver preventive care, promote oral health education, and foster healthy habits in a controlled environment. This review explores the effectiveness of school-based dental hygiene programs on children’s oral health, discussing their benefits, implementation challenges, and potential for large-scale public health impact. Evidence from global studies indicates a significant reduction in dental caries prevalence, improved oral hygiene practices, and enhanced access to care, particularly in underserved communities.
Investigating the prevalence and effectiveness of herbal and natural remedies used by patients to manage periodontal health, including their sources of information and satisfaction with these alternatives
Authors: Mathur Ritu
Published: December 2024

Background::

The use of herbal and natural remedies in managing periodontal health has grown in popularity due to concerns about the side effects of conventional treatments. Despite this, there is limited clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of these alternatives. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of herbal and natural remedies used for periodontal health, identify the sources of information, assess patient satisfaction, and evaluate perceived effectiveness.

Objectives::

The objective is to determine the types of herbal and natural remedies used by patients to manage periodontal health, evaluate their effectiveness, and identify the primary sources of information regarding these remedies.

Materials and Methods::

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 participants aged 18 and older who had a history of periodontal disease and used herbal or natural remedies. Data were collected through a questionnaire assessing remedy types, sources of information, satisfaction levels, and perceived effectiveness. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and Chi-square tests were applied to examine associations between demographic factors and remedy use.

Results::

Seventy percent of participants reported using herbal or natural remedies, with herbal mouthwashes (45%) and toothpaste (35%) being the most common. Social media (50%) and family/friends (30%) were the primary sources of information. Overall, 65% of participants were satisfied with the remedies, while 50% perceived an improvement in their periodontal health.

Conclusion::

Herbal and natural remedies are commonly used by patients for periodontal health management, primarily influenced by social media and nonprofessional sources. While many users report satisfaction, the clinical effectiveness of these remedies remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research. Healthcare professionals should engage patients in discussions about alternative treatments to ensure informed decision-making.
Management of C-shape root canal configuration: Case reports
Authors: Mangat Panna , Solanki Mandeep , Goswami Kartika , Rajput Neha , Chandel Bhavya , Haque Subiya
Published: December 2024

Inherent to cleaning and obturation of the root canal system is a thorough knowledge of canal morphology. Recognition of unusual canal configurations and variations is paramount since it has been established that the root with a single tapering canal and apical foramina is the exception rather than the rule. Once recognized the C-shaped canal turns out to be a great challenge in cleaning, debridement, and obturation procedures and so happens because it is unpredictable whether the C-shaped orifice found on the floor of the pulp chamber actually continues to the apical third of the root. C-shaped canals present the clinician with an immense challenge. The high frequency of transverse anastomoses, apical deltas, and lateral canals compels the clinician to use every resource at his disposal to achieve an adequately prepared canal. Thus, a thorough understanding of this configuration with knowledge of challenges appearing to the clinician at each step is necessary. This case report aims to shed light on the complexities of C-shaped canals and emphasize the significance of accurate diagnosis and specialized treatment approaches in achieving successful outcomes.
A giant vulval fibroepithelial polyp: A case report and literature review
Authors: Dejizhuoga  , Deqiong  , Labazhaxi  , Chen Feng , Wang Kana
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Fibroepithelial polyps typically present as small and limited growths. Accordingly, giant fibroepithelial polyps arising from the female genital tract are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported. This report describes a case of a 54-year-old woman with a slowly growing right vulval mass presenting as a polyp. The patient underwent surgical excision, and histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of a giant fibroepithelial polyp. Through an exhaustive review of the literature published over the past 10 years, we learn that fibroepithelial polyps arising from the female genital tract are rarely seen but only recently have been characterized. Due to its clinical and histologic overlapping characteristics with other external genital tumors, the differential diagnosis and correct management of fibroepithelial polyp become particularly important.
Hyperechoic papillary muscle: A sign of ALCAPA in the presence of left-to-right shunts
Authors: Arasu Thanigai , Komal T , Subramaniam Krishnan Ganapathy , Sharma Dhruva , Reddy N. Srinath
Published: December 2024

A 10-month-old female child with failure to thrive was diagnosed to have a large atrial septal defect (ASD) with deficient rims and large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and was referred for management. Echocardiography showed normal left ventricular (LV) function with dilated right atrium and right ventricle; the only suspicious finding was that of the hyperechoic papillary muscle. After the PDA ligation, the ASD was closed with an autologous pericardial patch when the aortic cross-clamp was released, the rhythm returned and trans-oesophageal echocardiography showed severe LV dysfunction. While still on the pump, the PA was opened, and the coronary ostia were identified as arising from the non-facing sinus. Coronary reimplantation was done, and then, the patient could be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass uneventfully, the child was shifted to the intensive care unit with minimal inotropic support and was discharged by the 7th day with normal ventricular function. The presence of an anomalous coronary artery can be masked by the large left-to-right shunts, resulting in PA hypertension. Anomalous left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) should be suspected in the presence of hyperechoic papillary muscles, which could be a sign of papillary muscle ischaemia. ALCAPA can be missed in the presence of significant left-to-right shunts, which increases the pulmonary artery (PA) pressures and the oxygenation of pulmonary arterial blood. We present one such case with large ASD and PDA, with normal LV function and no mitral regurgitation, with the only indicator being hyperechoic papillary muscles.
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection and miscarriage in pregnancy: Are we missing the geographic demon?
Authors: Lall Sujata , Goel Nidhi , Malhotra Vani , Parmar Aparna
Published: December 2024

Salmonella enterica serotype typhi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated and facultative intracellular bacterium. We present the case of maternal S. typhi infection leading to second-trimester miscarriage. A 26-year-old tertigravida with 25 weeks of pregnancy presented with leaking and copious discharge per vaginum for 10 h and intermittent fever for 2 days. She also gave history of intermittent episodes of severe diarrhoea, pain in the right hypochondrium and high fever for 4 weeks. There was a history a previous miscarriage at 16 weeks. Abdominal ultrasonography was consistent with absent liquor. She delivered a neonate who succumbed to a low Apgar score of 3/10 and expired within 3 h. A high vaginal swab (HVS) taken during the placental exploration grew S. typhi on pyogenic culture. The Widal test was reactive for S. typhi antibody TO-somatic antigen at a dilution of 1:160 and S. typhi antibody flagellar antigen (TH) at a dilution of 1:320. With the evidence of isolation of S. typhi from HVS and titres of H and O in the Widal, vertical transmission was considered. S. typhi infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pregnant female presenting with complaints of fever and diarrhoea in endemic countries like India with a high index of clinical suspicion.
Management strategies of ectopic testis in children: A series of six cases
Authors: Saradar Tuser Kanti , Roy Abhishek , Halder Pankaj Kumar , Debbarma Sambreeta , Roshan M Rameez , Saha Madhurima
Published: December 2024

The term ‘ectopic testis’ (ET) denotes the testis that the testis has settled outside its normal course of descent. The most frequent ectopic site is the superficial inguinal pouch. Other sites include the perineum, femoral canal, contralateral hemiscrotum and anterior abdominal wall. The inguinal approach or laparoscopy-assisted orchiopexy is used in the majority of patients. Transseptal or extra-peritoneal transposition is occasionally taken up for crossed testicular ectopia. We report successful surgical techniques for treating crossed testicular ectopia in six cases with various forms of ET.
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria
Authors: Geetha K.
Published: December 2024

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is an autosomal dominant pigmentary genodermatosis characterised by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the dorsal aspects of the hands and feet. The majority of cases of this condition have been reported in East Asian countries such as Japan, China and Taiwan. The gene responsible for DSH has been identified as adenosine deaminase acting on ribonucleic acid1 (ADAR1). To date, more than 100 ADAR1 mutations have been reported in DSH patients, and the catalytic domain deaminase is thought to be critical to the gene’s activities. We report a case of DSH, a rare cutaneous disease with classic clinical manifestations and a family history of similar illness. The skin lesions were characterised by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules and were localised on the dorsum of the hands and feet of three persons of the same family.
Evaluation of Efficacy of 1064 nm Q Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment in the Nevus of Ota: Seven-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kaul Neenu , Kumari Neeti , Rawat Shiv D. S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Nevus of Ota is a benign skin condition characterized by dermal melanocytosis. Q switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) has become the mainstay of therapy for treating this condition probably because of the minimum side effects and their noninvasive nature.

Purpose:

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of QSNYL in the treatment of nevus of Ota in Indian skin phototypes.

Methods:

Patients with the clinical diagnosis of nevus of Ota who had underwent multiple treatment sessions with QSNYL at 4 weekly intervals from March 2016 to March 2023 over 6 years were enrolled in the study. Serial photographs taken before starting laser treatment and after every laser session were assessed to see the effectiveness of the treatment and graded on a scale of 0–IV.

Results:

A total of 36 patients were treated with QSNYL. Their age ranged from 15 to 35 years. Out of 36 patients, 12 (33%) patients showed moderate improvement, 4 (11%) patients showed marked improvement, while mild improvement (<25%) was seen in 10 (27.8%) patients. Eight (22%) patients did not show any improvement at all. Only two patients showed near total improvement of >75%. Hypopigmentation was noted in four patients.

Conclusion:

QSNYL is an easy-to-perform and safe treatment in cases of nevus of Ota in Indian patients with minimal side effects. On comparing our results with results in other Indian studies, we observed relatively less improvement but better tolerability of treatment in our patients.
Varied Presentation of Nonvenereal Genital Dermatoses in Female: Report of Six Cases
Authors: Rani Seema , Dhiman Anjali , Singh Sweta , Malhotra Purnima
Published: December 2024

Genital disorders are not always sexually transmitted. Such nonvenereal genital dermatoses may be confined to the genitalia only or may also involve other body parts. There are many symptomatic as well as asymptomatic nonsexually transmitted diseases in female with atypical presentation. We are reporting the uncommon presentation of common entities in female reports of 6 cases.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Concerns of Saudi Parents Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Authors: Alsaati Ahmed A. , Alhasawi Roudin H. , Alzahrani Amjad S. , Sulimani Omnia A. , Alshahrani Reem A. , Almasoudi Raghad O. , Aljabri Mazin M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Vaccines against human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can prevent infection and lower the risk of cervical cancer in women.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to assess parents’ awareness level and hesitancy toward HPV vaccination of their children.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study recruited Saudi parents who visited Maternity and Children Hospitals, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Results:

A total of 591 parents were enrolled. About 49% of the parents have not heard about HPV before. Only 34% and 39.4% knew that HPV causes cervical cancer and that vaccination protects against cervical cancer, respectively. About one-third (30.3%) reported that they knew that HPV vaccine can be offered to female children 9 years old and above, and 80.2% had poor awareness level of the HPV. For those not planning to give their children the vaccination, the most reported reasons included lack of knowledge about the vaccine (40.7%) and not being recommended by medical staff (17.3%). The most reported source of information was social media (21.3%). Only 7% of parents vaccinated their children, and 55% planned to do so. Poor awareness was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.001), fathers (P = 0.002), having partially vaccinated children (P = 0.001), and the internet as an information source (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The parents’ awareness level is poor regarding HPV infection and vaccination. The rate of children’s vaccination is very low. The identified causes of hesitancy should be targeted in future projects to increase vaccine coverage. Social media and the Internet can be utilized to disseminate reliable information about HPV and its vaccine to a large group of audience.
Happiness Index in Physiotherapy Students of Gujarat, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sheth Shivani , Trivedi Jainil , Sheth Megha
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Happiness, a mental feeling of well-being, is an important trait for a person to function with greater productivity. In undergraduate students, the psychological status can greatly impair academic outcomes.

Aim:

This study is aimed at evaluating overall happiness among physiotherapy students

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the happiness index in physiotherapy students of Gujarat, India. One hundred and three physiotherapy students aged 18–25 years filled the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, which was used to evaluate their happiness index. Data analysis was done using Excel.

Results:

The mean happiness index score was 2.6 across 103 participants where 24.3% were males and 75.7% were females.

Conclusion:

The physiotherapy students of Gujarat, IN are somewhat unhappy.
Evaluation of Quality of Life in the Patients following Scaling and Root Planing: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Tilokani Tanvi , Nadig Prasad , Shah Monali , Gandhi Hardi , Deka Birina , Shah Pankti
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Assessing the quality of life (QOL) has gained significant importance in modern times. Dental researchers are now focusing not only on treating patients’ dental issues but also on examining how treatments affect their QOL. Following scaling and root planning (SRP), patient-centered outcomes such as bleeding gums, functionality, appearance of teeth and gums, tooth sensitivity, and bad breath are rarely evaluated from the patient’s viewpoint. Therefore, it is crucial to assess patient-based outcomes after SRP, as these directly impact the patients’ QOL.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire study was carried out in the department of periodontology. After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were divided into two groups who were evaluated by self-designed questionnaire. Participants were given the questionnaire consisting of 14 questions to be filled by the patients, 1 week after SRP and data from the filled questionnaire were subjected for statistical analysis.

Results:

The findings revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups in hypersensitivity after 7 days. However, there was no significant relevance detected in pain, anxiety, or food lodgment during the same time frame. In addition, 100% of patients from both the groups strongly affirmed experiencing confident smile posttreatment.

Conclusion:

SRP done by the dentists in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis showed a positive impact on QOL. The questionnaire serves as an objective tool for assessing QOL and concluded that sensitivity of teeth after SRP is an important aspect to be considered by the dentists.
Clinical and radiographic assessment of the efficacy of platform switched implant and papilla preservation flap design in minimizing crestal bone loss around single tooth implant: A 6-month follow-up Study
Authors: Kaur Tejaswani , Naik Dilip , Uppoor Ashita , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Atray Pragya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: A healthy quantity and quality of bone surrounding dental implants, particularly the crestal bone, is essential to their overall success. Crestal bone preservation should therefore be taken into account even before treatment planning for implant placement. Numerous methods to prevent the loss of crestal bone have been reported in the literature. Platform-switched implants are one among them. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of platform-switched implants and papilla preservation flap design in minimizing interproximal bone loss around single-tooth implants. Material and Methods: In this parallel design randomized controlled trial, a total of 21 patients with single implant site were taken and were randomly divided into three groups—Group A: Platform matched implants with conventional flap design, Group B: Platform switched implants with conventional flap design, and Group C: Platform switched implants with papilla preservation flap design. Clinical parameters (PI, GI, mPI, and mGI index) and radiographic analysis were done to evaluate the outcome of these three techniques. Results: The mean crestal bone loss in Group A patients was 1.292 ± 0.084 mm at 3 months and 1.804 ±.038 mm at 6 months. The mean crestal bone loss in Group B patients was 0.631 ± 0.092 mm at 3 months and 1.139 ± 0.080 mm at 6 months. The mean crestal bone loss in Group C patients was 0.327 ±.075 mm at 3 months and 0.544 ± 0.084 mm at 6 months. Conclusion: Results show that minimum crestal bone loss was seen in Group C, followed by Group B, and maximum bone loss was seen in Group A. Hence, one may conclude that a combination of both platform-switched implants and papilla preservation flap design seems best to limit bone loss, followed by platform-switched implants.
A comparative analysis of the burden of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Mathunny Manju Mariam Stephen , Sivakumar Ramakrishnan , Padmakumar Sreenivasan Kamalamma
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Lip and oral cavity cancers are among the top 10 cancer causes and mortality globally. Some countries in the Indian subcontinent bear a disproportionately higher burden of lip and oral cavity cancers. Detailed analysis of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent using all available data is important for effective policy planning. This paper aims to summarise the total burden of lip and oral cavity cancer and compare it across countries within the Indian subcontinent.

Materials and Methods:

Data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study were extracted to analyse cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality and cancer risk before reaching 74 years. Furthermore, summary estimates of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers were extracted from the GBD database. The data of individual countries within the Indian subcontinent were used for comparison.

Results:

The estimated number of deaths from lip and oral cavity cancers for 2019 was 90732 in the Indian subcontinent. The Indian subcontinent accounted for 45.3% of the deaths attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers. The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent ranged from 3.18 per 100,000 population in Maldives to 12.76 per 100,000 population in Pakistan. The incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in India was 7.54 per 100,000 population. However, due to the population size, India accounted for 104837 incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers annually. The estimated number of prevalent and incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers from the Indian subcontinent in 2019 was 0.46 million (30% of overall cases globally) and 0.15 million (39% of incident cases globally), respectively. The Indian subcontinent also accounted for 50% of the DALYs attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The Indian subcontinent accounts for disproportionately higher cases and deaths due to lip and oral cavity cancers than other regions. It calls for urgent policy action to prevent the disease spread, early diagnosis and optimal management of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent.
Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours – A Review
Authors: Chaturvedi Himani T. , Chaturvedi Chandrashekher
Published: December 2024

Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are mainly benign, which represent combined areas of neurofibroma, schwannoma, and perineurioma in various combinations and pose challenges to the surgeon and the pathologist. They are relatively new in pathology and were first published in the fourth edition of World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Soft tissue and Bone in 2013. They are mainly dermal or subcutaneous, and the most common variant of hybrid nerve sheath tumour is perineurioma-schwannoma. The combination of neurofibroma/schwannoma usually has an increased frequency with neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 or 2 and schwannomatosis. In contrast, neurofibroma/perineurioma, mainly associated with NF1, are rare. Diagnosis is established by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Hence, they embark diagnostic challenge and demand extreme vigilance and caution. However, the molecular pathogenesis, recurrence rates, and risk of malignant transformation of hybrid PNST remain poorly understood. A novel CHD7-VGLL3 fusion gene in a hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma and recurrent ERBB2 mutations in a subset of hybrid neurofibroma/schwannomas were identified. We have tried, via this article, to represent a brief update on hybrid nerve sheath tumours.
The concept of dysplasia in the lining of odontogenic keratocyst: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath
Published: December 2024

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an uncommon developmental cyst with a high recurrence rate. Epithelial dysplasia is a rarely recognized phenomenon in OKCs, with only a few acceptable cases reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of dysplastic changes in epithelial lining is difficult to explain, in the absence of molecular analyses. Here, we report a rare case of maxillary OKC with multiple cystic compartments displaying epithelial dysplasia in a 62-year-old man with immunohistochemical analyses and a comprehensive review of the literature. It may be prudent to believe that the aggressive behaviour in the epithelial lining of OKC is an inherent property of all OKCs, which is only dictated by the epithelium but is also determined by the stromal cells of the cyst wall; the dysplastic changes, however, could be resultant to chronic inflammatory reaction and inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis mechanism. It is recommended that the dysplastic features in the epithelial lining of all odontogenic cysts must be addressed in all pathology reports along with close clinical follow-up.
Anti-biofilm effect of clove oil against Candida albicans: A systematic review
Authors: Sangeeta J Palaskar , Aishwarya O Balsaraf , Omkar D Balsaraf , Madhura N Bhave
Published: December 2024

In recent years, Candida albicans has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen, causing various infections, particularly in immunocompromised geriatric individuals. One of the major hindrances in managing Candida infections lies in its potential to develop and survive in biofilms, which demonstrate resistance to conventional antifungal therapies, thereby complicating treatment strategies. While clove oil has shown promising results as a potential antifungal agent, its specific anti-biofilm effects against Candida albicans biofilms remain relatively underexplored. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive review to evaluate the existing literature on the anti-biofilm properties of clove oil and its mechanisms of action against Candida albicans biofilms. Such a review will provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of clove oil in combating biofilm-associated Candida infections. This review will enable us to infer and understand the potential effects of clove oil against Candida albicans. This systematic review aims to determine the anti-biofilm efficacy of clove oil against Candida albicans. This systematic review was registered in ‘PROSPERO’ (CRD42024524134) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature searches used Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. All original studies published in English from 2004 to 2023 were included. From 37 studies found online, only four were reviewed. Results showed that clove oil had significant anti-biofilm activity when assessed against Candida albicans. Our systematic review provides insights into clove oil’s potential as a therapeutic agent against Candida albicans biofilms. Clove oil also represents a promising avenue for future research and development in managing Candida biofilms.