bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC OVER THE TOURISM
SECTOR: A REVIEW
Authors: Balint Cristina , Lazanu Mihai-Lucian
Published: July 2022

Tourism is considered as one of the most relevant economic sectors at international level due to the multiple roles
it holds, namely: economic, social role, cultural, educational and political. The COVID-19 pandemic caused
significant damage globally and has expanded very quickly across the world by affecting almost all the industries
due to the restrictions, lockdowns and quarantines. As a result of the pandemic crisis, the tourism sector was
severely affected. Therefore, this paper aim is to reflect the negative and positive effects of the pandemic with
SARS-COV-2 virus on tourism, and also to highlight the relevance and sensitivity of this sector during crisis events.
The study focuses on the negative effects suffered by this sector during the pandemic, but also represents an
effective opportunity to reconsider how that tourism interacts with our societies, thus, certain positive effects and
strategies that were identified both on short and long- term, in order to try to minimize the shocks created by the
pandemic. The economic crisis caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus has also encouraged inclining tourism towards
upskilling, increasing the process of digitization of the ecosystem and protecting the environment.
BEHAVIOURAL IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
ON ROMANIAN TOURISTS?
Authors: Dumitru Anastasia-Cristiana
Published: July 2022

The tourism industry has been seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both from a social and from an
economic perspective. Despite showing signs of resilience, the negative repercussions on tourism-related activities
have been serious, the hospitality industry proving to be the most sensitive in the face of the sanitary and economic
crises which started more than a year ago. Even though the full (and cumulative) impact of the events which
shaped the current global situation cannot be quantified without a high degree of uncertainty, the negative effects
are visible in the economies of many countries, around the world, at microeconomic, macroeconomic and
behavioural levels (for businesses and individuals). Usually, such economic, social, sanitary crises or other
extreme circumstances (terrorism, natural disasters) trigger a change in the behaviour of tourists, the differences
being dependent on region, country, etc. Thus, given the current economic and social context, this paper focuses
on the behavioural change of the Romanian tourists. The practical purpose of this research is to show the agents
working in the tourism industry on which aspects to focus more and how to diversify their offer based on the
change in demand specific to the "new normal". The most recent research conducted by experts has shown that
the pandemic has negative effects on travel intention for multiple reasons, among them being the selectivity in
choosing the destination based on criteria such as the increased need for hygiene and healthcare conditions, for
travel insurance, etc
OURATEA YAMAMOTOANA (OCHNACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST
Authors: Nicoletti de Fraga Claudio , Hiroaki Shimizu Gustavo , Oliveira Silva Cardoso Domingos Benício
Published: July 2022

The new species Ouratea yamamotoana (Ochnaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot is described and illustrated. The new species resembles Ouratea camposportoi, from which it differs by the persistent stipules, chartaceous leaves with cordate or slightly auriculate base, flowers with smaller pedicels, spathulate or elliptic petals, longer gynophore, and fruit with a subterete to clavate carpophore. It is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) using IUCN Red List criteria and highlights the threats to the highly endemic plant diversity of the Atlantic Forest.
Proximidade pessoal, dissidência disruptiva e governança urbana participativa como formas de ativismo pela mudança climática por meio da agricultura urbana
Authors: Simon Sandrine
Published: July 2022

A luta contra as mudanças climáticas é uma longa batalha que está longe de ser vencida. Negociações e acordos formais sobre mudanças climáticas vêm sendo conduzidos há décadas e metas foram estabelecidas para impor reduções nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa a governos e grandes indústrias. Além disso, os cidadãos começaram a explorar maneiras de participar. Depois de focar em protestos para tentar pressionar stakeholders e estados que são os maiores poluidores, eles reconheceram que a luta contra as mudanças climáticas levará a melhores resultados se mudarmos os nossos sistemas económicos e produtivos também no nosso quotidiano, mudando os nossos estilos de vida. Este artigo explora três tipos de ativismo de mudança climática expressos por meio da agricultura urbana (AU). Através de ‘proximidades’, ‘dissidência disruptiva’ e ‘governança urbana participativa’, este artigo analisa como a AU, como forma de ativismo de mudança climática no terreno, pode ajudar a agir, tomando exemplos ilustrativos de duas capitais verdes europeias: Bristol no Reino Unido e Lisboa em Portugal.
 
Recebido: 24/1/2022
Aceite: 21/6/2022
ativismo climático na imprensa portuguesa
Authors: Almeida Cláudia
Published: July 2022

Nos últimos anos, o movimento social pelo clima português tem vindo a afirmar-se progressivamente no espaço político e mediático. A cobertura mediática é um objetivo intencional procurado pelos movimentos sociais, especialmente devido à sua influência nas representações que permeiam o pensamento coletivo. Devido ao poder que os media têm na criação e consolidação de representações sociais, e face ao conhecimento limitado sobre a cobertura mediática do ativismo climático em contexto nacional, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as representações e a contextualização dos ativistas pelo clima na imprensa. Para isto, foi realizada uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da evolução da cobertura do ativismo climático, dos perfis de representação dos ativistas, e de alguns indicadores de (des)legitimação, tais como os diretamente associados ao paradigma do protesto — nomeadamente a autorrepresentação e o recurso a declarações de figuras de autoridade. A análise de 175 artigos publicados online no jornal PÚBLICO revelou um enquadramento preferencial do ativista, o qual tem frequentemente oportunidade de autorrepresentação. Adicionalmente, e ao contrário do que foi descrito por estudos internacionais, o jornal atribuiu exclusivamente perfis de representação negativa a ativistas estrangeiros e os dados revelaram uma predominância do perfil estudante-ativista, em detrimento de enquadramentos que salientam o incómodo causado pelos ativistas.
 
Recebido: 3/2/2022
Aceite: 13/6/2022
An analysis of targeted properties of materials used for preservation and storage of heritage collections
Authors:   National and University Library in Zagreb, Croatia, Aleksić Gabriela , Cigula Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Preprotić Suzana Pasanec ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to stress the importance of investigating the prop-erties of preservation enclosure materials in order to identify the ones that are able to protect their contents more efficiently. Since not all information on materials is covered by international standards and technical specifica-tions, nine paper-based materials used for making preservation enclosures (file folders, passepartouts, boxes etc.) were investigated. A selective analysis of the materials' properties was carried out to determine smoothness, water absorptiveness, water wettability, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, folding endurance, bursting strength, puncture strength, as well as loss of bursting strength caused by dry heat and 100% RH. Results obtained from measuring smoothness, water absorptiveness, water wettability and water vapor transmission rate indicate that a material outside of ISO 16245:2009 grammage requirements for making file covers can exhibit more desirable properties than the one that meets multiple standards for storage and preservation. Additionally, results showed that bursting strength of enclosure materials was significantly affected by both extreme microclimate conditions. However, 100% RH had affected bursting strength of the investigated materials more than dry heat. The presented procedure proved to be a useful indicator of materials’ properties within the context of heritage collections preservation and storage.
Visibility and legibility of five-letter words in different experimental conditions
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Weingerl Primož , Nedeljković Uroš ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design,Novi Sad, Serbia, Pušnik Nace ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: July 2022

The length of a word depends on the number of characters that make it up. Since we are constantly confronted with words (information), a suitable typeface should be chosen to make reading comfortable and easy. The number of characters can affect how visible a word is and, more importantly, how quickly the word can be read and understood. For this reason, we conducted tests with five-letter words randomly displayed at the four positions on the screen. The study examined the minimum time required to recognize five-letter words. Five different typefaces (Calibri, Georgia, Swiss 721, Trebuchet, Verdana) were included in the study to determine which of the screen typefaces read the fastest. The Georgia typeface performed the best regardless of the other conditions. The time to read upper-case letters was much shorter than lower-case and sentence-case letters. For words presented in the upper positions of the screen, the recognition time was shorter than for the lower positions of the screen. Different combinations of variables showed that some were better suited for on-screen use.
Intentional salbutamol poisoning: report of two siblings and review of the literature
Authors: Altamimi Dana , AlDeeb Mohammed , Eissa Majid
Published: July 2022

Background: About 65% of poisoning cases are related to children and of these, more than half of the patients are 5-year-old or less. While non-accidental poisoning is rare. We report two cases of intentional salbutamol poisoning in two young siblings presenting separately multiple times over a period of two years with similar presentations of tachycardia, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia.
Case Presentation: Two siblings, one 3-year-old boy and the other one, 1 year old girl, presented at emergency department. Both presented with tachycardia and vomiting, while the boy also had hypeglycemia and hypokalemia, and girl also had subjective fever and poor oral intake. Other vital signs, physical examination, HbA1c, genome sequence, and upper gastrointestinal tract examination were all normal. Child protective team was called due to suspension of Salbutamol toxicity and lab work confirmed it. The mother was interviewed who became resentful and refused to undergo any psychological assessment and left the hospital with the children. The mother is suspected of Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
Conclusion: Emergency medicine physicians should scrutinize medication side effects and presentation. Active investigation to recognize similar cases of suspected Munchausen Syndrome by proxy in the Saudi community is also warranted. Policymakers should introduce a protocol to deal with victims and affected families.
Petrol ve Döviz Piyasaları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkileri: Dalgacık (Wavelet) Analizi ile Bir Uygulama
Authors: TORUN Erdost , DEMİRELİ Erhan
Published: July 2022

Küreselleşme ve piyasalar arası artan entegrasyon neticesinde finansal piyasalar ve emtia piyasaları arasındaki ilişki dinamik bir hale gelmiştir. Emtia ve finans piyasalarındaki nedensellik ilişkilerinin zamana bağlı değişiminin incelenmesi, piyasalar arası bilgi akışı ve şokların yayılma etkisinin doğasının anlaşılması açısından yararlı bilgiler sunması nedeniyle yatırımcı ve politika yapıcılar için zorunluluk halini almıştır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, SHP ve CWTC testlerinin kullanılmasını öngören ampirik yaklaşım aracılığıyla Petrol fiyatları ve Avro döviz kuru arasındaki zamana dayalı nedensellik etkisinin zamana ve zaman skalasına göre değişiminin ortaya çıkarılması ve söz konusu değişimlerin oluştuğu dönemlerde meydana gelen küresel ve yerel olayların ortaya konulmasıdır. Durağan olmayan verilerin analizine izin veren CWTC (Continuous Wavelet Transformantion Based Granger Casuality Test) ve SHP (Shi – Hurn – Phillips (2020) test) testlerinin uygulanması sonucunda, Avro döviz kuru ve petrol fiyatları arasındaki nedenselliğin zamana bağlı değiştiği ve zaman skalasına göre değişen dinamiklere sahip olduğuna ilişkin kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Söz konusu testlerin ortak sonucu 2010 – 2015 döneminde EUR’den OIL’e tek yönlü nedensellik, 2015 – 2020 döneminde ise çift yönlü nedensellik örüntüsüne dair kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma sonuçlarına göre EUR ve OIL arasında kısa dönemde kısa süreli meydana gelen çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi ve örüntüsünden bahsedilebilir. Uzun dönemde ise EUR’den OIL’e tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine dair bulgular sağlanmıştır.
Investment Licensing and Environmental Sustainability in the Perspective of Law Number 11 The Year 2020 Concerning Job Creation
Authors: Saputra Rahmat , Dhianty Rama
Published: July 2022

This article examines the impact of regulatory changes on investment activities and environmental sustainability in Indonesia, particularly based on the Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, which utilizes the omnibus law method. This law represents a significant overhaul of the investment licensing framework and introduces substantial amendments to environmental regulations, notably revising, omitting, and repealing several provisions of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH). The primary objectives of this research are to analyze the new investment licensing arrangements under Law No. 11 of 2020 and to assess the implications for environmental sustainability following its enactment. Employing a normative legal research methodology, this research utilizes legal, historical, and conceptual approaches to address its aims. Findings suggest that the regulatory reforms introduced by Law No. 11 of 2020 could substantially influence investment patterns within the country. Investors generally seek regulations that are clear, consistent, and non-conflicting; however, the reduction in community involvement in the Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) process, as stipulated by the amendment to Article 26 of Law No. 32 of 2009 by the Job Creation Act, raises concerns about the effectiveness of environmental governance. Despite these changes, the sustainability assessment criteria in Law No. 11 of 2020 and its derivatives ostensibly remain aligned with existing environmental prevention instruments, covering planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision, and law enforcement. Nevertheless, the diminished role of directly affected communities in the AMDAL process is a significant alteration that could affect the quality and acceptability of environmental assessments and subsequent activities.
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION
Authors: Napitupulu Brierly
Published: July 2022

The issue of information disclosure to the public led the Supreme Court to issue a regulation in the form of a Decision concerning Information Disclosure in Courts, which was further supplemented by a Decision outlining Guidelines for Information Services in Courts. This regulation resulted in the creation of the Supreme Court Decision Directory, allowing the public free access to copies of each case's full decision. However, the Criminal Procedure Code restricts the distribution of decision copies, limiting access to court decisions. This research aims to examine how the Directory of Decisions of the Supreme Court ensures the legal protection of parties' data, particularly in criminal cases. The analysis was conducted using legal theory and relevant legislation, employing doctrinal research, concept, and statutory approach methods. The findings indicate that the Supreme Court Decision Directory does not fully protect the personal data of parties, especially defendants. Additionally, the KMA SK, which serves as the technical guideline for information disclosure in court, fails to address the privacy rights of defendants and third parties.
RELEVANCE OF RELIGIOUS COURT DECISIONS REGARDING DISPENSATION IN CHILD MARRIAGE
Authors: Fakihudin Rifki , Raharjanti Pramestya , Huda Muhammad Wahyu Saiful
Published: July 2022

Child marriage in Indonesia remains a significant issue and has been on the rise recently. The practice of granting marriage dispensations in Religious Courts has various legal implications. Although judges have the authority to reject applications for child marriage based on legal considerations, their decisions are not always consistent. This paper addresses two primary issues: the legal consequences of marriage dispensations for child marriages and the alignment of Religious Court decisions with positive law. Employing an empirical juridical research methodology, the research uses secondary data from literature, including laws, court rulings, and legal theories, and applies qualitative methods for data analysis. The research includes an empirical review of literature from online sources. The findings suggest that while marriage dispensation can legally validate marriages, rejected applications can be appealed to the Supreme Court. It underscores the critical role of judges in being selective and rigorous in evaluating dispensation requests to curb the rise of child marriages in Indonesia.
The Countermeasures Efforts of Illegal Transshipment Impact as a Transnational Crime
Authors: Mubaroq Husni , Putra Muhammad Haidir Syah
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe impacts and drawbacks of transshipment, which threaten sustainable development, underscore its classification as a transnational crime. While legal countermeasures are needed to address transshipment crimes in Indonesia, the practice persists due to the necessity of ensuring fish freshness, which involves time-consuming landing processes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of countermeasures is hindered by the lack of a dedicated agency or institution with comprehensive authority to oversee and act against maritime crimes in Indonesian waters. This article examines the relationship between transshipment and transnational crime and proposes a countermeasures framework. The research findings indicate that transshipment is regulated by both international and national laws but qualifies as a transnational crime due to its cross-border impact and its association with other transnational crimes. Recommendations include establishing cooperation between central and regional governments to enhance marine and fisheries governance and implementing a restorative justice mechanism to address fisheries crime cases, such as transshipment, by requiring offenders to compensate for damages and restore fish resources.
New records and distributional data of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Colombia
Authors: RAMÍREZ-MORA Manuel A. , DURANGO-MANRIQUE Yesica, S. , GÓMEZ Giovan F.
Published: July 2022

Sarcophagidae is one of the largest families of Oestroidea. The family is classified into three subfamilies, Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae, and Sarcophaginae. The number of species of Sarcophaginae occurring in Colombia, as well as their geographical distributions, are still poorly documented. Here, six species are recorded for the first time in the country: Argoravinia catiae Carvalho Filho & Esposito, Oxysarcodexia adunca Lopes, Oxysarcodexia carvalhoi Lopes, Oxysarcodexia eberti Lopes & Tibana, Peckia (Euboettcheria) epimelia (Lopes), and Peckia (Sarcodexia) chirotheca (Hall). The occurrence of 16 species previously registered in Colombia is expanded to the Departments of Amazonas, Antioquia, Chocó, Magdalena, and Meta. As a result, the number of known Sarcophaginae species for Colombia is updated to 109.
KLASIFIKASI POLA PENJURUSAN BIDANG IT MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5 STUDI KASUS SMKN MANONJAYA
Authors: Sri mulyani Evi Dewi , Agustina Irma , Ismanto Rubi , Susanto Sania Januar , Adhi Septian Setia , Rismayanti Tia Sri
Published: July 2022

Penentuan jurusan di SMK merupakan hal yang sangat penting, karena siswa akan dibekali pembelajaran sesuai dengan jurusan yang telah dipilih sehingga memiliki keterampilan sebagai bekal memasuki dunia kerja khususnya dibidang IT. Namun dalam prosesnya masih sering mengalami masalah, karena pihak sekolah masih sulit dalam menentukan kebijakan untuk penentuan jurusan calon siswanya, diperlukan banyak factor penilaian dan semua data diolah dalam waktu yang terbatas. Maka dari itu pihak sekolah perlu mengetahui pola penjurusan siswa berdasarkan nilai tes software, nilai tes hardware,dan test jaringan perbandingan nilai dari dua jurusan tersebut dan jumlah intervalnya. Nantinya pola tesebut memudahkan pihak sekolah dalam menentukan jurusan mana yang tepat untuk siswa baru tersebut. Algoritma yang digunaka nmerupakan algoritma C4.5 yang merupakan salah satu dari bagian teknik klasifikasi dengan kemampuan model algoritma C4.5 yang dapat melakukan proses learning dan klasifikasi yang sederhana, cepat dan secara umum mempunyai tingkat akurasi yang tinggi. Dengan menggunakan dataset 215 record data siswa baru, hasil dari pengklasifikasian data pemilihan jurusan SMK bidang IT untuk jurusan TKJ dan RPL menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 96,73%. Dengan tingkat akurasi yang baik, pola klasifikas ipenentuan jurusan ini dapat digunakan pihak SMKN Manonjaya dalam menentukan kebijakan penentuan jurusan siswa baru khususnya bidang IT.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM KENDALI DRONE BERBASIS GCS (GROUND CONTROL STATION), STABILIZE AND OBJECT DETECTION MENGGUNAKAN METODE COLOR FILTERING HSV
Authors: Mil Muzemil , Haryanto Haryanto , Rahmawati Diana , Ulum Miftachul
Published: July 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dan memiliki hutan yang luas, sudah seharusnya memiliki alat yangcanggih seperti drone untuk memantau setiap pulau dan kebakaran hutan. Dikarenakan alat transportasiudara lebih cepat dibandingkan transportasi darat maupun laut. Drone atau sering dikenal dengan istilahUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) adalah pesawat udara tanpa awak yang dapat dioperasikan menggunakanremote control maupun Ground Control Station (GCS). Drone yang sudah dilengkapi dengan kamera digunakan dalam membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan manusia misalnya pengambilan foto dari udara, mengenali dan mendeteksi sebuah objek tertentu dengan memanfaatkan teknik pengolahan citra digital seperti metode color filtering HSV. Dalam pengujian takeoff quadcopter menggunakan GCS / laptop yang dilakukan pada tempat berbeda dengan nilai satcount 9 sampai 21, maka didapatkan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 93,3%. Pada pengujian deteksi menggunakan objek yang berdimensi 115 cm dengan ketinggian maksimal 15 m, diperoleh keberhasilan 90,9%.Kata Kunci: Indonesia, Drone, Ground control station (GCS), dan Color Filtering.
PERANCANGAN ROBOT LENGAN BERBASIS OPENCV DAN GOOGLE ASSISTANT
Authors: Romadhony Gde Ilham , Wibowo Agung Surya , Rahmawati Dien
Published: July 2022

Robot lengan merupakan robot yang memiliki fungsi seperti tangan manusia yang dapat membantu mobilisasi khususnya dalam mengambil dan memposisiskan barang. Hal ini dapat membantu aktivitas manusia baik dalam dunia industri maupun kehidupan sehari-hari. Agar dapat diakses oleh manyarakat luas maka diperlukan perancangan robot lengan menggunakan Google assistant untuk memberikan perintah suara, adanya segmentasi warna untuk mendeteksi warna objek, melacak objek, dan inverse kinematics. Robot telah mampu mencapai tingkat keberhasilan 100% dengan waktu rata-rata yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan misi 28.675 detik. Penggunaan Google assistant mampu menerima perintah dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 96.97% dan error servo 1 sebesar 3.18? dengan akurasi sebesar 97.69%, error servo 2 sebesar 11.99? dengan akurasi sebesar 89.57%, dan error servo 3 sebesar 18.81? dengan akurasi sebesar 88%. Supaya deteksi dapat berjalan dengan lancar maka harus didukung dengan pencahayaan minimum sebesar 100 lux.

Kata Kunci: Google assistant, robot lengan, segmentasi warna, inverse kinematics
Co‐evaluación de las condiciones de viabilidad en iniciativas de turismo comunitario en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Manizales (Colombia), Garzón David , Toloza Alejandra ,   Universidad Autónoma de Manizales (Colombia)
Published: July 2022

Tourism in Colombia has been referred to by recent governments as the new oil, sustainable and intensive employment. This study is interested in community‑based tourism as a positive peace‑building strategy in rural areas. Thus, through participatory action research, 20 community projects were accompa‑ nied in 20 departments of the country, with the purpose of co‑evaluating the motivations, capacities, opportu‑ nities, and threats for tourism. A mixed research design shows intermediate competencies of supply (3.5/5), demand (2.7/5) and support (2.6). The hierarchically organized motivations shown are 1) to increase income, 2) to preserve heritage, 3) to organize and 3) to make problems visible. In addition, collective interpretations of tourism were constructed by analyzing positive and negative impacts. It is suggested that the strengths linked to natural resources, knowledge and culture can be exploited to attract more tourists, generate alli‑ ances with external actors and achieve greater differentiation.
Constraints on leisure in Brazil: an analysis according to gender and income
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Silva Luiza Cupertino Xavier da , Furtado Renan Monticeli ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Maciel Mauro Júnior Lúcio ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Uvinha Ricardo Ricci ,   Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), Stoppa Edmur Antonio ,   Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), Isayama Hélder Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasil)
Published: July 2022

This study is part of a research project entitled “Leisure in Brazil”. The aim of this paper is to substantiate Brazilians perception with respect to elements that prevent them from experiencing certain leisure events, with responses analysed according to gender and income. The research was empirical procedure using survey techniques involving 2400 subjects aged 7 and over. This paper specifically discusses the variables relating to gender and income, and how these can influence access to leisure activities. It was identified that time and money were the two main constraints on leisure experiences mentioned by the subjects. We conclude that the existence of these barriers is directly related to the conditions of life in our society. Income and gender inequalities influence leisure experiences, giving pause for reflection on the inequalities of access to leisure as a social right.
Áreas protegidas, turismo e percursos pedestres. O perfil do pedestrianista na Serra da Lousã (Portugal)
Authors:   Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal), Cordeiro Bruna , Alves Luiz ,   Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Published: July 2022

The management models of protected areas have sought to promote an integrated management of the various uses directed at conservation and maintenance of crucial environmental functions for their eco‑ systems and habitats. Among the most prominent trends, especially over the last few decades, tourism and leisure activities in protected and / or classified areas have placed “new” demands on these areas, especially for low‑carbon, low‑intensity activities such as nature and active tourism, where the tourists tend to be more environmentally‑friendly and aware. Considering that hiking trails and the practice of hiking are among the most popular and important activities in protected areas worldwide, the present research is aimed at identi‑ fying the typical profile of hikers visiting the PR1 GOI trail (Serra da Lousã, Portugal) and comparing it with the results obtained in other studies carried out within the framework of international scientific literature. The data obtained through a questionnaire survey applied by Cordeiro (2017) to hikers, allowed us to con‑ clude that the identified profile is in line with those described in other studies, with a homogeneous distribu‑ tion by gender, with ages between 18 and 35 and complete higher education, presenting contact with nature as the main reason for carrying out the trail, and carrying out the activity, predominantly, in groups. In sum‑ mary, the importance of knowing the profiles, practices and motivations of hikers is crucial for development agents (public and private) to adapt their strategies for action and planning of tourist activity accordingly.
Parque Geológico Sanagasta (La Rioja, Argentina): Acciones de conservación y gestión del turismo
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (Argentina), Salvadeo Victoria , Medina Walter M , Fiorelli Lucas E ,   Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (Argentina)
Published: July 2022

The geological‑paleontological heritage of a region represents a component on which tourist activ‑ ity can be based. The objective of this study is to show how the policies created at all levels of government directly or indirectly affect the sustainable development of tourist activity in natural protected areas (ANP) with paleontological heritage. The area under analysis in this case is the Dinosaur Park contained within the Geological Park Sanagasta (PGS), La Rioja, Argentina, ANP with tourism based on paleontological findings. By way of method, we used analytical, critical review of policies devoted to conservation, protection, and subsequent tourism development around these sites. Some of the main results are: norms lacking regulation for stakeholder participation to be operational for tourism in conservation units. It is believed necessary to achieve shared management (public‑private community‑State) in pursuit of adequate tourism management.
A experiência enoturística e sua relação com a paisagem na Serra Gaúcha, Brasil
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), Bellé Soeni , Tonini Hernanda ,   Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), Medeiros Rosa Maria Vieira ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil)
Published: July 2022

Viticulture landscapes combine nature and culture attracting tourists in search of new experi‑ ences. The present article aims to analyse the perception of the viticulture landscape of Serra Gaucha and how it influences the wine tourist experience. Furthermore, using the visitors’ observations, we attempt to identify the tangible and intangible elements that represent the Serra Gaucha landscape, relevant at‑ tractions to the wine tourism experiences and tthe awareness of the need for landscape preservation. For data generation we used an online survey built around 22 questions sent to the 210 tourists who visited a family winery located in the Historical Winery route in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a final total of 52 participants. The city is part of a region known as Serra Gaucha, the main Brazilian wine tourism destination. The results showed the importance of tangible and intangible elements in the perception of the landscape by visitors, especially for the vineyards, the architecture of the wooden and stone houses, the local gastronomy and the wine tasting itself. Such elements immerse and involve the tourists,and contribute directly to the tourist experience. The main ways to register the moments were photos and videos, and wine purchases. Visitors recognised the need to preserve the landscape, a condition for the sustainability of this activity.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Vakhrusheva O. В. , Khakhonova N. N. ,   Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In the social economy, corporate social responsibility is seen as an element of a business development strategy. Therefore, it is important to assess the effectiveness of social programs in order to develop the right management decisions for the development of the social environment. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility of business. Based on the program-targeted concept and systemic approach by collecting, grouping, generalizing and analyzing social programs, the article proposed a classification of social programs and methods for assessing their effectiveness. Social programs are classified into programs of external and internal directions of influence on society and corporate culture of the organization. The article recommends methods for assessing the social effect and socio-economic efficiency of business social responsibility based on indicators that characterize the results of social programs and their impact on the company’s activities in the long term. The indicators characterizing the social effect of investments in the social sphere are divided into the following areas of social activity: development of the organization’s labor capital, labor protection and industrial safety, environmental protection and resource conservation, development of regional and municipal communities and relationships with stakeholders. Social and economic efficiency can assess social programs by the level of spending on social programs, by the achieved results of social activities, as well as by the level of impact on the organization’s activities in the long term. The authors proposed indicators for various groups of stakeholders of the organization, which characterize the interests and the degree of interaction with them. The proposed methods for assessing effectiveness are relevant both at the stage of implementation of social programs and in the long term after the completion of programs. This determined the scientific and practical significance of the study. The research results can be used as a theoretical basis for further research in this area.
MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS FOR SMALL BUSINESS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Luzhnova N. V. , Fedorov M. V. ,   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the importance of developing a set of tools for the interaction of small businesses and individual entrepreneurs with potential and real buyers using the resources of social networks on the Internet. The formation of the modern stage of development of the Internet Web 3.0, including artificial intelligence, big data, augmented reality, unmanned vehicles and the Internet of Things, is based on the active use of the resources of the Web 2.0 phase — the development of social networks as an electronic platform for interaction not only between individual users of the global Internet, but also business representatives, potential and real consumers. The possibilities of social networks as the main channel of communication with consumers are being implemented by large and medium-sized businesses to a sufficient extent, but small businesses are careful to use only certain marketing techniques and solutions. The purpose of this article is to study and systematize marketing technologies in social networks in the field of small business and individual entrepreneurship. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach, using the methods of deduction, monitoring and systematization of methods and techniques implemented in the Internet information and telecommunications network through electronic platforms for interaction between business entities and potential and real buyers of products or services. The result of the study is the main elements of the marketing scheme in social networks identified by the authors that affect sales: content, engagement and traffic. The scientific novelty is the essence of the definition of “engagement” formed in the study in the context of digital marketing, which is a voluntary activity of visitors to business accounts of social networks that increases sales of products or services, forms true consumer loyalty and creates social evidence of the company’s interest for potential buyers. The practical result of the article is manifested in the definition of universal types of content to be included in promotion in social networks by business representatives of all levels. Further scientific research can be aimed at clarifying the set of management tools identified in this study for the types of traffic of visitors to business communities in social networks in order to increase the popularity of the company’s Internet resource in social networks.
THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SENIORITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EXPERTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia, Iljukhin A. V.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. One of the most important problems facing road transport today is improving traffic safety. To solve it, it is necessary to promptly investigate road traffic accidents (accidents) to establish the causes and take measures to eliminate them. Therefore, the solution of this problem largely depends on the effectiveness of the work of expert services. At the same time, examinations are carried out for a long time due to the overload of expert services. This is due to the lack of methods for determining their structure, taking into account the conditions of a particular region. Research in the field of accident examination is mainly aimed at improving the methods of accident analysis. The influence of the main factors on the need for expertise, as well as the influence of expert qualifications on the intensity of application processing, has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of research in general is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the system of expert investigation of accidents, and the article presents a fragment of the results aimed at establishing the regularity of the influence of age and seniority on the performance of experts. To achieve this goal, an experiment was conducted to collect statistics on the number of applications processed by experts of different ages with different work experience. Using correlation and regression analysis, the significance of the factors under consideration is proved, and regression models of their influence on the intensity of application processing are obtained. It has been established that with an increase in age and length of service, the intensity of processing applications first increases, then stabilizes. Processing of the experimental results showed that the influence of both the age and the experience of experts on their performance is described by logarithmic models. Therefore, when determining the performance of an expert, it is necessary to take into account only his experience, since it has a greater impact on the indicator under consideration. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the establishment of a pattern of the wagging of the expert’s experience on his performance in the analysis of an accident. Practical significance is the possibility of using the results in the development of methods for forming the structure of the expert service. Further research should be carried out in the direction of developing a simulation model of the expert system and a methodology for determining the structure of the expert service.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASING THE ENGINE OIL CHANGE INTERVAL OF THE KAMAZ R-6 ENGINE
Authors:   Public Joint Stock Company «KAMAZ», Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, Nazarov F. L. , Khannanov M. D. ,   Public Joint Stock Company «KAMAZ», Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, Kalimullin R. F. ,   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the actual scientific and practical problem of substantiating at the design stage the potential for increasing the frequency of maintenance of an automobile diesel engine, which is distinguished by an improved design, improved indicators of reliability, efficiency, environmental friendliness and quality of the operating materials used. The general goal of scientific research is to reduce operating costs and increase the efficiency of using cars with high-tech engines by increasing the frequency of their maintenance. The solution of the problem within the framework of this article is to establish the factors that affect the potential for increasing the engine oil change interval, taking into account modern and future requirements for automotive diesel engines. The methodological apparatus for solving this problem consisted in an analytical study of many years of experience in designing, manufacturing, testing and operating engines of the KAMAZ V8 family, as well as engines from leading world manufacturers. It has been established that for modern high-tech automotive diesel engines, the potential for increasing the engine oil change interval is a combination of a set of factors, namely: the use of diesel fuel with a minimum sulfur content; reduction of heat stress of lubricated parts. The main results are that specific basic requirements have been formulated for engine oil, diesel fuel, design and manufacturing technologies for parts, assemblies, diesel engine systems to increase the frequency of maintenance and oil change intervals for engines of the new KAMAZ R6 family. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that a complex of factors has been identified, the combination of which affects the reduction in the rate of deterioration of the quality indicators of engine oil, taking into account which allows increasing the intervals for its replacement during the operation of a diesel engine. The theoretical value for the development of the branch of science “Operation of road transport” lies in the fact that the identified factors and relationships contribute to the study and improvement of the processes of organizing car maintenance, which helps to increase their operational reliability and operational efficiency. The direction of further research is the solution of the following complex task — bench and operational tests of the engine of the new KAMAZ R6 family to confirm the validity of the potential for increasing the frequency of maintenance.
THE ETHICAL BASIS FOR THINKING ABOUT COMBATING THE СOVID-19 PANDEMIC: ALBERT SCHWEITZER’S «REVERENCE FOR LIFE»
Authors:   Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia, Gorbunov S. S. , Pugacheva N. P. ,   Penza State Agrarian University, Penza, Russia
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The article discusses various vectors of understanding the ethical idea of «reverence for life», proposed by the doctor, humanist, Nobel laureate Albert Schweitzer more than a hundred years ago, in the context of the current crisis situation associated with the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which determines the relevance the topic under consideration. The novelty of the work lies in the proof of the relevance of one of the most significant concepts in the history of ethics to the modern moral conditions of the existence of mankind. The intention of the study is to emphasize the need for not only socio-economic, professional (medical), but also a deep ethical and philosophical understanding of the current situation caused by the pandemic. The article uses a historical and proper ethical approach, as well as a hypothetical-axiological method in the aspect of proving the value of one form of life over others. The main provisions of the ethical concept of Schweitzer are analyzed, and an attempt is made to give a reasoned response to its fair criticism due to the presence of an internal contradiction in the principle of reverence associated with the bifurcation of the will to live, when one life must inevitably suppress the other in order to preserve itself. Main results: the authors come to the conclusion that the moral imperative (according to which: ethics is an unlimited responsibility for everything that lives), proposed by Schweitzer, is one of the possible (and effective) imperatives that encourage society to moral reflection and more active activity to deal with the pandemic situation already in the post-Schweitzer era. During the period of missionary and professional practice in Gabon, Dr. Schweitzer himself comprehended his concept, commensurating it with the development of human civilization in the future. Directions for further research: a deep and comprehensive analysis of the moral imperatives proposed by ethical and philosophical thought in the 20th century is planned in terms of their effectiveness and relevance in the new conditions of human existence. The critically thoughtful idea of reverence for life may be one such imperative in contemporary ethics, including environmental and biomedical ethics.
THE ONTOLOGICAL STATUS OF MUSIC: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE WORK «CREATIVE INTUITION IN ART AND POETRY» BY J. MARITAIN
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia, Kolomiets G. G.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The article deals with the actual meaning of the interpretation of the concept of «music» in the philosophical sense, when music is more than a kind of musical art, a concept that takes place in the concept of creative, poetic intuition of the religious philosopher Jacques Maritain. The authors discover in Maritain’s work an ontological sign of a stable core of an unchanging and changing «musical» present, according to the philosopher, in the preconscious creative Self. At the same time, he refers to the philosophical and historical origins in the views on music in the human world. The article provides for the connection of Mariten’s idea, which addresses the depths of creative, poetic intuition in art and poetry, with the author’s concept of G. G. Kolomiets «Concept of the value of music as a substance and a way of value interaction of a person with the world.» In Mariten’s work «Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry», the author of this article, in order to identify the ontological status of music, identified three provisions of Mariten’s creative, poetic intuition: «poetic experience», «poetic meaning», «music interiorization». The authors draw attention to the presence of the musical-substantial in the origins of Mariten’s theory, to the use by Mariten in poetry and art of the concepts «melody», «musical shock», «music of intuitive impulses». The article points out the correlation between the concept of duration in Bergson’s positive metaphysics and the idea of metaphysical intuition of being by Maritain, and also draws a parallel with the idea of substantial musical being in A.F. Losev’s religious philosophy. The author points out the difference and closeness of the views of religious philosophers Mariten and Losev on the existence of music and the importance of the ontological status of music, attractive to modern musical thinking, which is looking for a fundamental support for its activities. The fact that it is characteristic of a poet, an artist to contemplate the deep mousikë (music in the philosophical sense), according to Mariten, thereby affecting the psychological side of being musical, since not logos, but estesis attracts the attention of a religious philosopher, was briefly reported by G. G. Kolomiets at the X Ovsiannikov International Aesthetic Conference in November 2021, held at Lomonosov Moscow State University. However, this article provides an ontological justification of Maritain’s idea in the context of philosophical and historical interrelations in views on the existence of music, emphasizing the author’s conceptual approach to the philosophy of music.