bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilt-in turbulence modelling solution method
Authors: Melamed L. E.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. The aim of the work is to find a method for mathematical modeling and analysis of inhomogeneous physical fields and the influence of internal structures on these fields. Solutions are sought in areas in which there are subdomains with already known behavior (“embedded” areas and embedded solutions). The goal is to find a modeling method that does not require a change in existing software and is associated only with the modification of the right-hand sides of the equations under consideration. METHODS. The proposed method of mathematical modeling is characterized by the use of characteristic functions for specifying the geometric location and shape of embedded areas, for specifying systems of embedded areas (for example, spherical fillings or turbulent vortices) without specifying them as geometric objects, for modifying the calculated differential equation within the embedded areas. RESULTS. A theorem is formulated and proved (in the form of a statement) that formalizes the essence of the proposed method and gives an algorithm for its application. This algorithm consists in a) representation of the differential equation of the problem in another analytical form; in this form, a term is added to the original differential equation (to its right-hand side), in the presence of which this equation gives a predetermined ("built-in") solution in the necessary regions and b) a representation of the desired solution (using the characteristic function) in the form in which this solution takes the form of either the desired function (in the main area) or the specified functions (in the embedded areas). Examples of calculations from two physical and technical areas - thermal conductivity and hydrodynamics are presented. The result of the work is also the calculation of a turbulent flow in a pipe, in which a system of ball vortices, the speed and direction of rotation of these vortices are specified. CONCLUSION. The proposed method makes it possible to simulate complex physical processes, including turbulence, has been tested, is quite simple and indispensable in cases where embedded structures can be specified only by software.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF THE POSTTRANSITION STATE CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY PREDICTIONS OF ENERGY DEPOSITION IN THE REACTION PRODUCTS' DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Loukhovitski B. I. , Sharipov A. S. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The possibility of applying the method of posttransition state classical trajectory dynamic simulations to study the nascent energy distribution among the molecular degrees of freedom of the reaction products on the example of a number of bimolecular reactions is considered.
SYNGAS/AIR MIXTURE INDUCTION LENGTH REDUCTION IN THE FLOW REACTOR EXPERIMENTS DUE TO THE EXPOSURE OF NITROGEN AND AIR TO THE GLOW DISCHARGE
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Arsentiev I. V. , Kobtsev V. D. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Kostritsa S. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Kozlov D. N. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Sharipov A. S. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Smirnov V. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors,   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Torokhov S. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The decrease of the induction length during the ignition of the syngas/air mixture in the low-pressure flow reactor was obtained after the exposure of nitrogen and air to the glow discharge.
INFLUENCE OF DOPING WITH VARIOUS HYDROCARBONS ON PYROLYSIS OF ACETYLENE
Authors:   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Eremin A. V. , Mikheyeva E. Yu. ,   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Acetylene is an exothermic hydrocarbon capable of self-decomposition and detonation without an oxidizing agent.
BRIDGING NUCLEATION REACTIONS BETWEEN ACENAPHTHYLENE AND NAPHTHALENE: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Semenikhin A. S. , Savchenkova A. S. ,   Samara National Research University, Chechet I. V. ,   Samara National Research University, Matveev S. G. ,   Samara National Research University, Frenklach M. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley, Mebel A. M. ,   Samara National Research University,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University
Published: December 2020

The formation of soot during combustion of hydrocarbon fuels is a rather complex process and one of its stages is nucleation. In recent years, the physical mechanism that takes into account the appearance of the initial soot nuclei has been increasingly studied. The main ideas and disadvantages of this mechanism were recently considered by M. Frenklach and A. Mebel, who also proposed a new chemical nucleation mechanism for pyrene dimerization.
DIMERIZATION OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON MOLECULES WITH FORMATION OF E-BRIDGE BOND: A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Savchenkova A. S. , Semenikhin A. S. ,   Samara National Research University, Chechet I. V. ,   Samara National Research University, Matveev S. G. ,   Samara National Research University, Frenklach M. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley, Mebel A. M. ,   Samara National Research University,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University
Published: December 2020

In combustion engines and other fuel-burning devices, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels at a temperature of 1000-1400 K, soot is actively formed, deposited on the cold surfaces of the devices, which reduces their service life. At present, much attention is paid to the problems of controlling the amount and size of soot particles formed during combustion. However, the mechanism of soot formation has not yet been fully understood. It is assumed that under combustion conditions, young soot particles are formed by nucleation of aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with subsequent growth of particles due to the addition of new molecules.
SIZE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS IN ATOMIC CLUSTERS
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Sharipov A. S. , Loukhovitski B. I. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The size-dependence of different physical properties of atomic clusters (by the example of binding energy, collision diameter, and static isotropic polarizability) is discussed.
SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAME IN MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS: FIRST RESULTS OF JOINT RUSSIAN-AMERICAN SPACE EXPERIMENT “FLAME DESIGN - ADAMANT”
Authors:   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV S. M.
Published: December 2020

The joint NASA-Roscosmos Flame Design (Adamant) spaceflight experiment [1, 2] is one of six International Space Station (ISS) investigations which are currently part of the Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments (ACME) project. It is developed by the U.S. science team including R. L. Axelbaum of Washington University in St. Louis, P. B. Sunderland of the University of Maryland, and D. L. Urban of the NASA Glenn Research Center. The experiment is conducted in collaboration with N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (S. M. Frolov, V. Ya. Basevich, A. A. Belyaev, F. S. Frolov, S. N. Medvedev, V. S. Posvyanskii, M. Yu. Sinev, and P. A. Vlasov).
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HYDROGEN COMBUSTION IN A SUPERSONIC AIR FLOW USING VARIOUS COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Batura S. N. , Kukshinov N. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors,   N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mamyshev D. L. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors,   N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The work deals with the numerical investigation of hydrogen combustion is supersonic flow with different calculation models.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF DIBORANE JETS IN SUPERSONIC COCURRENT AIRFLOW
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Bezgin I. V. , Kopchenov V. I. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Savel'ev A. M. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Savelieva V. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

A numerical study of ignition and combustion of jets of the simplest boranes - diborane B2H6 - in cocurrent supersonic airflow with the use of the developed detailed kinetic mechanism of diborane-air oxidation is carried out in the flat channel.
INVESTIGATION OF IGNITION OF H2-O2, CH4-O2, AND C10H22-AIR MIXTURES DURING PHOTODISSOCIATION OF O2 MOLECULES BY LASER RADIATION
Authors:   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkov S. Yu. , Kobtsev V. D. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Kostritsa S. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Smirnov V. V. ,   A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Titova N. S. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Torokhov S. A. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The subject of research is the features of ignition, threshold radiation energies required for ignition, and their dependence on the composition, pressure and temperature of mixtures, as well as the times of development and propagation of ignition in the working mixture.
LAMINAR BURNING VELOCITY OF INDIVIDUAL HYDROCARBONS AND KEROSENE SURROGATES
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Matveev S. S. , Idrisov D. V. ,   Samara National Research University, Semenikhin A. S. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2020

Surrogate fuel blends are often used in laboratory experiments and in combustion modeling to reproduce important characteristics of real transportation fuels. Fuel surrogates usually consist of a few class-representative hydrocarbons such as normal and branched alkanes, aromatics, and cycloalkanes. The complexity of a particular blend depends on the number of combustion properties (targets) taken into account. Most often, binary [1] and ternary blends were suggested as kerosene surrogates; yet, in some cases, a single species, n-decane [2], was used to make comparison with kerosene combustion characteristics such as burning velocity and, for example, to determine the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, complex 4-6 component surrogates.
THE BURNING RATE OF HIGH-ENERGY MATERIALS CONTAINING METAL FUELS BASED ON AL AND B
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Korotkikh A. ,   Tomsk State University, Sorokin I. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Selikhova E. ,   Tomsk State University, Arkhipov V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

An effective method of increasing the energy characteristics of high-energy materials (HEMs) is the use of boron and metal borides powders, which have high values of specific energy released during oxidation and combustion. This study investigates powders of amorphous boron and aluminum borides, which are used in compositions of solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and active fuel-binder.
COMBUSTION OF PSI-NACLO4 ■ H2O COMPOSITIONS WITH MICROPARTICLES OF NANOSTRUCTURED SILICON AT THE NEAR-STOICHIOMETRIC EQUIVALENCE RATIOS OF COMPONENTS
Authors:   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, MIRONOV V. N. , PENYAZKOV O. G. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, GOLOMAKO E. S. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, SHUMLYAEV S. O. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: December 2020

Currently, various groups of scientists are investigating the possibility of using nanostructured porous silicon as promising solid fuels (or additives to composite solid fuels) and as miniature energy sources for microelectromechanical systems. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the prospects of the proposed novations aimed at increasing the efficiency of nanoporous silicon as an energetic material. They are based on the use of mounds of porous silicon fragments treated with sodium perchlorate solutions and dried under low warming (MPSF-composites) as energy composites. For example, when the weights of the MPSF-composites and the porous layer composites on monocrystal substrates treated with sodium perchlorate solutions (PS-composites) are close to each other, the overpressure at the front of the shock waves developing at the initiation and propagation of combustion in the case of MPSF-composites is 5-6 times higher.
CALCULATION OF THE IGNITION DELAY TIME OF METALLIZED SOLID PROPELLANT BY A CONVECTIVE HIGH-TEMPERATURE FLOW
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Goiko V. L. , Poryazov V. A. ,   Tomsk State University, Krainov A. Yu. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a mathematical model and methodology to calculate the ignition delay time and the stationary combustion formation of a metallized solid propellant with aluminum additives ignited by a convective high-temperature flow.
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A LOW-EMISSION BURNER FOR A PERSPECTIVE TURBOJET ENGINE WITH THE COMPRESSION RATIO EXCEEDING 40
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Danilov M. A. , Drobysh M. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Dubovitsky A. N. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Markov F. G. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Vladimirov A. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

Restrictions of emissions for civil aircraft engines, on the one hand, and the need in increasing the engine efficiency, on the other hand, cause difficulties during development of low-emission combustors for such engines.
INFLUENCE OF FLOW SWIRLING ON COMBUSTION OF ALUMINUM POWDER AEROSUSPENSION IN A CHAMBER WITH EXTENSION
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Krainov A. Yu. , Moiseeva K. M. ,   Tomsk State University, Poryazov V. A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

A numerical study of combustion of the aluminum-air suspension in the swirling flow in the expansion chamber has been performed. The physical and mathematical formulation of the problem is based on the dynamic model of the multiphase reacting media.
THERMAL AND CALORIC EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR NITROGEN: APPLICATION TO CRYOGENIC INJECTION CONDITIONS
Authors:   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KUZNETSOV N. M. , MEDVEDEV S. N. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV S. M. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV F. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BASARA B. ,   AVL LIST GmbH, PACHLER K. ,   AVL LIST GmbH
Published: December 2020

The real-gas analytical equation of state (EoS) for nitrogen is developed. The applicability domain of the EoS is verified in a wide range of density (from 0 to the value at the triple point, 0.867 g/cm3) and temperature (from 100 to 5000 K). The obtained EoS is introduced into the gasdynamic code for calculating multidimensional turbulent reactive flows.
RELAXATION PROCESSES BEHIND THE SHOCK WAVE IN AIR
Authors:   A. Yu. Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bryzgalov A. I.
Published: December 2020

This work is relevant to numerical simulation of atmospheric entry phase of space missions and in high enthalpy facilities producting flow conditions close to flight conditions. Such flows are featured by low pressure and high temperature, which induces thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, while calculations with equilibrium assumption give both qualitative and quantitative errors.
PARALLEL SOLVER FOR THE SIMULATIONS OF DETONATION WAVES ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
Authors:   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lopato A. I. , Eremenko A. G. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: December 2020

Recently, we developed a numerical approach for the simulation of detonation waves on fully unstructured grids and applied it to the numerical study of the mechanisms of detonation initiation in multifocusing systems. Current work is devoted to further development of our numerical approach, namely, parallelization of the numerical scheme and introduction of more comprehensive detailed chemical kinetics scheme.
INVESTIGATION OF PROCESSES IN THE HIGH-PRESSURE CHAMBER OF SHOCK TUBE
Authors:   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bykova N. G. , Zabelinsky I. E. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kozlov P. V. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tunik Yu. V. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Levashov V. Yu. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mayorov V. O. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2020

There are several installations with shock tubes in the world, in which a shock wave in air propagates at a speed close to the second cosmic one. Such velocities are achieved by supplying of high energy (~ 1 MJ) to the pushing gas in the high-pressure chamber.
ORGANIC WASTE GASIFICATION WITH HIGHLY SUPERHEATED STEAM PRODUCED BY CYCLIC DETONATIONS OF METHANE-STEAM-OXYGEN MIIXTURES
Authors:   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV S. M. , SMETANYUK V. A. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SHAMSHIN I. O. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, AKSENOV V. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SADYKOV I. A. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SILANTIEV A. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV F. S. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of testing of the innovative laboratory-scale installation for organic waste anaerobic gasification to syngas (CO and H2) with highly superheated steam (HSS) produced by cyclic detonations of ternary methane-oxygen-steam mixtures in the pulsed detonation steam superheater (PDSSH).
CATALYTIC PROCESSES ON THE SURFACE OF THERMAL PROTECTION SILICON-BASED COATINGS UNDER INTERACTION WITH DISSOCIATED AIR FLOW
Authors:   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krupnov A. A. , Pogosbekian M. Ju. ,   Research Institute of Mechanics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2020

Heterogeneous processes play a key role in the determination of the heat fluxes to the surface of reusable spacecraft at the entrance to atmosphere. The identification of the mechanisms of these processes and the determination of their basic kinetic characteristics are crucial for the effective design of modern heat-shielding systems. The study of the properties of heat-shielding coatings is relevant due to development of new materials for hypersonic reusable vehicles that need effective thermal protection at surface temperatures of about 2000 K. In addition, the problem of reducing thermal loads on the surface of spacecraft designed to launch into the Mars atmosphere and then return to Earth are becoming more and more relevant. The significant contribution to the heat transfer during the flight of reusable aircraft with hypersonic speed in the atmosphere is created by heterogeneous catalytic reactions involving high-energy particles formed in the shock wave.
POWDER CONSOLIDATION USING TECHNOLOGICAL COMBUSTION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE MEMBRANES FOR HYDROCARBON DEHYDROGENATION
Authors:   A. G. Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Uvarov V. I. , Kapustin R. D. ,   A. G. Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirillov A. O. ,   A. G. Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the preparation of catalytically active membranes for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene which is necessary for the synthesis of numerous types of polymers, for example, polystyrene, styrene-modified polyesters, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), and SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile) plastics. The global production of styrene in 2018 amounted to ~ 30 million tons, with up to 90% of styrene obtained by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in the presence of water vapor.
The Role of Trade Credit in Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors:   State University of Management, Moscow 109542, Russian Federation, Panova E.A.
Published: December 2020

Trade credit has a special meaning for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). When they act as a supplier, it allows them to increase sales and cash flows, and helps establish and maintain permanent relationships with clients. Deferred payment provision is a tool for non-price competition, giving a client time to make sure of product quality. Trade credit as a financial source is an important alternative to bank lending. The article is devoted to studying the determinants of accounts payable in Russian industrial SMEs.It is based on the financial indicators calculated using the SMEs’ accounting statements for the period 2010–2018, published by Rosstat. The statistical data analysis has led to the conclusion that accounts payable are the main borrowed financial source for Russian industrial SMEs. The results of the regression analysis demonstrate a direct dependence of the accounts payable amount on sales growth and a reverse dependence of the former on the liquidity both in small and medium enterprises. Small businesses are also characterized by a negative relationship between return on sales and the accounts payable amount.
The Role of Public Participation in Ensuring the Efficiency of Budget Expenditures
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Vagin V.V. , Petrova I.V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the relation between public participation and the effectiveness of budget expenditures. Studying the effectiveness of budget expenditures is one of the most relevant topics of public finance. At the same time, the question of whether civil participation has an impact on improving the efficiency of public spending is not often considered in the scientific literature. The authors analyze the development of the system of civil participation in the implementation of projects of state programs and national projects of the Russian Federation, and conclude that civil participation is important for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures. The results of citizens’ participation in the implementation of "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" federal project are chosen as the basis for the empirical analysis of this article. The authors attempt to determine the main approaches to forming indicators of the effectiveness of public participation in state programs and federal projects. The article also contains recommendations aimed at encouraging event organizers to engage citizens at the regional and local levels.
Intergovernmental Fiscal Instruments for Stimulating Regional Economic Growth in Russia
Authors: Arlashkin I.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the instruments used in intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to promote economic growth of the regions of the Russian Federation. The task of stimulating regional economic growth is relevant in the need for the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025 to be implemented. The article deals with various instruments of tax decentralization as well as three main types of fiscal transfers: “grants” (primarily equalization or balancing transfers), “subsidies” (earmarked co-funding transfers), and “other intergovernmental transfers” (other earmarked transfers). All these instruments are assessed from the standpoint of stimulating economic growth with special attention being paid to the tools used by regional governments to promote local economic growth. The article summarizes the results of the main econometric studies on the topic. As a result of the present study, it is shown that the main instruments for stimulating regional economic growth are earmarked transfers (primarily capital transfers) and decentralization of taxes on income (primarily corporate income tax). At the same time, since 2015 “other intergovernmental transfers” have been playing a more significant role in stimulating economic growth than “subsidies”, which is associated with an increase in the equalizing effect of the latter. Decentralization of property taxes has most likely not had a significant impact on regional economic growth, and the negative effect of equalizing transfers (“grants”) is smoothed out by special clauses built into the methodology for their distribution.
Financial Participation of Public Partners in Public-Private Partnership
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Kudelich M.I.
Published: December 2020

This article attempts to identify and analyze the problems of forms of financial participation of public partners in PPP agreements, which may be solved by legislation improvement. The article presents a comparative analysis of Russian and international practice and legislation in the field of types and procedures for choosing forms of state financial participation in PPP projects. Conclusions are made about the absence of formal criteria for choosing the form of financial participation of a public partner in the PPP agreement and the rules for determining their volume, about the uncertainty and shortcomings of legislative regulation of “financial provision” in relation to a public partner, about the refusal from using the provision of debt financing and budget investments in share capital of project companies, on the establishment of high security budgetary requirements for regressive rights of the state in relation to the principal, which make the use of state (municipal) guarantees unclaimed in Russian practice of PPP projects.
Double inferior vena cava with multiple interconnections – a rare case report
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Baidya Ritwik , Baral Prakash
Published: December 2020

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been estimated to occur in 0.2% to 3% of the population. Although rare, the presence of double inferior vena cava is important to recognize as it has important implications. Diagnostic confusion in interpreting imaging results can arise when a venous anomaly is mistaken for a pathologic process like lymphadenopathy. If such patient were to need an IVC filter placement, separate filters would be required, one for the right and one for the left IVCs. A vascular surgeon would need to be aware of these anomalies to perform safe surgery of the retroperitoneal organs. We present a case of duplicated IVC, which was observed during routine dissection of a 58-year-old male cadaver. Left IVC was communicating with left renal vein superiorly. The left renal vein was running obliquely behind the abdominal aorta. Also, the left IVC was connected to right IVC by one transverse anastomosing vessel. The two-retroaortic communication between right and left IVC make this case report unique.
Hilbert Transform Analyzer for Mechanical Fault Detection of Vehicle Alternators
Authors: Subekti Subekti , Hidayat Muhammad Nurul , Efendi Basuki Dwi , Hamid Abdul , Murwanto Alim
Published: December 2020

Checking the alternator with mechanical measurements of moving parts takes sufficient time, especially in compact design engines. Therefore, this article presents a new method for alternator fault detection using the Hilbert transform application. The instantaneous amplitude and frequency are used as input variables for fault detection. Joint time-frequency analysis based on the wavelet analysis is also applied to identify the nonlinear characteristics. Various wavelet functions are examined, and some recommendations regarding the most suitable ones and the interpretation of the results are discussed. As a result, the backbone curve obtained from the instantaneous amplitude and frequency demonstrates the presence of the nonlinear phenomena, which can help make decisions about an alternator in normal conditions or indicate fault detection. From the test results, this method is very promising to be applied as part of vehicle's preventive maintenance.
Use of BI-Technologies in Municipal Management
Authors:   OOO NPTS «City Development» (19, structure 3, Mira Avenue, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation), Semenov S.A. , Zhukov G.N. ,   OOO NPTS «City Development» (19, structure 3, Mira Avenue, Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

Modern tools of information and analytical support of the decision-making process for operational management of the integrated regional development program at the municipal level are analyzed. An overview of the most significant problems that arise in the decision-making process is provided. It is proposed to solve such problems using modern Business Intelligence technologies. The most frequently used definitions of the term BI-technology are given. The key advantages of using the proposed technologies are presented. The goals of using BI-technologies at the municipal management level are defined. Examples of implementation of BI-technologies in the prefecture of the North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow are given. It is established that the use of such mechanisms significantly reduces the time and labor spent on preparing materials necessary for making management decisions, significantly increases the relevance and reliability of the information used, provides visual visualization of the presented solutions.
АВТОВОЛНОВОЙ РЕЖИМ РЕАКЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДИНИТРОЗИЛЬНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ЖЕЛЕЗА С ТИОЛСОДЕРЖАЩИМИ ЛИГАНДАМИ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова РАН, Ванин А.Ф. , Горенберг Д.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова РАН, Микоян В.Д. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова РАН
Published: December 2020

При нанесении 20 мкл смеси 1 мМ Fe2+ и 0.5 M глутатиона на поверхность 0.5 М раствора S-нитрозоглутатиона, что приводит к образованию динитрозильных комплексов глутатиона, обнаружено краковременное (в течение 0.2 с) появление концентрических кольцевых структур, число которых существенно превосходит количество аналогичных колец, обусловленных механическими волнами, возникающими в результате погружения капли в водный раствор. Не исключено, что обнаруженные в растворе S-нитрозоглутатиона концентрические кольцевые структуры обусловлены автоволновым распределением продуктов, возникающих в ходе образования динитрозильных комплексов глутатиона.
НЕЧЕТКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ГЕНОВ СЕГМЕНТАЦИИ ДРОЗОФИЛЫ НА ЯЗЫКЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРАВИЛ
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого, Макашов А.А. , Мясникова Е.М. ,   Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН, Спиров А.В. ,   Институт научной информации по общественным наукам РАН
Published: December 2020

Понимание молекулярных механизмов регуляции генов - одна из фундаментальных проблем, на которые нацелена системная биология. В принятых подходах к моделированию генной регуляции зачастую невозможно отделить свойства модели, адекватно отображающие характеристики биологического объекта, от обусловленных природой модели. В данной работе развит логический подход к моделированию регуляции экспрессии генов, позволяющий в перспективе максимально использовать все имеющиеся эмпирические данные и минимизировать использование априорных гипотез. При этом правила регуляции генов формулируются в виде лингвистических (сформулированных на языке близком человеческому) условий. Авторы используют более точно отображающий реальность нечеткий подход, известный как нечеткое лингвистическое моделирование. Впервые лингвистическое моделирование использовано для разработки моделей активности цис-регуляторных модулей и применено к проблемам анализа экспрессии генов биохимической разметки эмбрионов. Такой подход позволил прояснить существенные детали механизмов «считывания» первичных морфогенетических градиентов двумя или более цис-регуляторными модулями одного гена в их взаимодействии.
КРИОКОНСЕРВАЦИЯ КЛЕТОК HELA ПОД ВЫСОКИМ ГИДРОСТАТИЧЕСКИМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ 1.0-1.5 КБАР
Authors:   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Уграицкая С.В. , Шишова Н.В. ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Валеева Э.Р. ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Каурова С.А. ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Швирст Н.Э. ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Фесенко (мл.) Е.Е. ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН»
Published: December 2020

Идея использовать высокое давление для снижения криоповреждений имеет проработанное теоретическое обоснование, однако экспериментальных данных по замораживанию живых объектов под давлением крайне мало. Мы исследовали выживаемость клеток линии HeLa под давлением 1.0-2.0 кбар, токсические эффекты пяти классических криопротекторов в этих условиях, а также выживаемость клеток HeLa в процессе медленной криоконсервации под давлением 1.0 и 1.5 кбар. Экспериментально показана высокая устойчивость клеток HeLa к гидростатическому давлению: 100%-я выживаемость при 1.0 кбар и 60-минутной инкубации. Токсическое воздействие криопротекторов под давлением можно расположить в следующем ряду: глицерин < этиленгликоль < 1,2-пропандиол = ДМСО < ДМСО + формамид. Наименьшую токсичность проявили глицерин и этиленгликоль, для которых также показаны выраженные баропротекторные эффекты. При криоконсервации под давлением 1.0 кбар высокая выживаемость - 83±16% по данным флуоресцентного окрашивания - была достигнута при использовании 10%-го глицерина, однако она не превысила показателей выживаемости, полученных в контрольных нормобарических экспериментах. Замораживание проводили по методу медленной классической криоконсервации. Использование давления для замораживания биоматериала методом витрификации может привести к другим результатам.
Total microfluidic platform strategy for liquid biopsy
Authors: Lee Hoyoon , Na Wonhwi , Shin Sehyun
Published: December 2020

A liquid biopsy is a simple and non-invasive biopsy that examines a range of information about a tumor through a simple blood sample. Due to its non-invasive nature, liquid biopsy has many outstanding clinical benefits, including repetitive sampling and examination, representation of whole mutations, observation of minimal residual disease etc. However, liquid biopsy requires various processes such as sample preparation, amplification, and target detection. These processes can be integrated onto microfluidic platforms, which may provide a sample-to-answer system. The present review provides a brief overview of liquid biopsies, a detailed review of the technologies in each process, and prospective concluding remarks. Through this review, one can have a basic but cross-disciplinary understanding of liquid biopsy, as well as knowledge of new starting points for future research in each related area.
Memikirkan Kembali Strategi Mengajar Dosen
Authors: Adib Noblana
Published: December 2020

The silent students in the class discussions. What is the cause, is it because they are not confident in front of their classmates or their lecturers? How do they see lecturers, as people, who will help them learn, or as people who will embarrass them in the lecture? What should be the right learning strategy, how lecturers should help students to be active in class. Meanwhile, the students are not elementary school students, but the adults who study in the college. They should be more courageous in expressing their opinions in various class discussions. This study argues the more harmonious the relationship between lecturers and students is, the more successful students are in completing their studies, and the more professional the lecturers are.
ENHANCING THE FAMILY’S QUALITY TIME AS A WORK OF PREVENTION TO CHILD ABUSE IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors: Ashilah Amatullah Asma , Maisaroh Maisaroh , Fauzi Fahrul
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to offer solutions related to the prevention of domestic violence, especially those related to children, through improving the quality of children's relationships with their parents. This research departs from the increasing number of violence occurring in the household realm, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which causes individuals to remain at home. The research method used is qualitative research supported by a literature review. The study results suggest two activities that parents and children can do to make their relationship closer, particularly within this pandemic situation. The quality of a good relationship between them will minimize the potential for disharmony and even violence. The two activities are; 1) Indoor Outbound, this activity helps both children and parents feel cooperative and trusting each other through the house’s outbound activity. Direct parental involvement in children will help improve this relationship. This involvement is divided into two, namely partial and whole. 2) Parenting Day, an effort that parents can increase to their children. In children who are still not yet adolescents, the effort is to overcome tantrums and in adolescents is to create effective communication between the two. The author concludes that the main key to preventing child abuse is the quality of the child's relationship with his/ her parents.
Muhyiddin İbn Arabî ve Abdulhak İbn Seb‘in’in Vahdet Anlayışlarının Mukayesesi
Authors: Bozkurt Birgül
Published: December 2020

In this article, the idea of unity of two great Andalusian thinkers Muhyiddin Ibn Arabî (d.1240) and Abdulhaq Ibn Sab‘în (d. 1270) were compared. Ibn Arabî was born in 1165 Ibn Sab‘în was also born in 1217 in Murcia. Ibn Sab‘în was influenced by Ibn Arabî in numerous issues, both two thinkers growing up in the same cultural environment. Ibn Arabî and Ibn Sab‘în defended the idea of unity in their philosophy but they were separated in the content of this understanding. While Ibn Arabî’s thought of unity was named as “wahdat al-wujûd” (unity of being), Ibn Sab‘în called his thought of unity as “wahdat al-mutlaqa” (absolute unity). Ibn Arabî’s thought of wahdat al-wujûd has a more comprehensive and profound feature, Ibn Sab‘în’s thought of wahdat al-mutlaqa has a modest structure. In Ibn Arabî’s thought Allah (God) is manifested in beings with his attributes and names. The realization of this manifestation takes place at various levels. On the contrary the formation and manifestation of beings does not exist in Ibn Sab‘în. He accepts only Allah as being and contributes the truth only to Allah. Ibn Sab‘în took Ibn Arabî’s thought to an advanced level with his notion of wahdat al-mutlaqa.
L’homme Dans La Bıble Et Le Coran
Authors: Hizmetli Sabri
Published: December 2020

In this article, we have tried to study the different philosophised and the different religious conceptions concerning the homme and his nature, his origin and his creation in the Bible and in the Coran. The homme is the source of very thing and everything. He is large of the everyone in the world of livings things. The homme directs and serves them for his good and to enforce his slavery and his duties toward the creator. Therefore, he is being great and excellent among all being created. The homme is not created aimlessly; on the contrary it was created to serve God and to know each other his entourage and to get to know those around him and the worlds of living beings. Religions, philosophical currents, thought systems and thinkers gave great importance to the question of existence. In the earliest times, the ancient Greek thinkers Plotin, Aristotle and so on, Muslim philosophers such as Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes discussed the subject of being in all aspects. The philosophers generally accepted distinction between being and body. Likewise, they divide the asset into possible, compulsory and impossible parts. The most important factor of not being very important theme is to prove the existence of God. In fact, when working on Farabi being, he says that his aim is God is obligatory being. In order to realize this aim, he tries to bring Greek philosophy and Islam thought closer and reconcile.
The Survey of the Practices Determining Zuhr Prayer Time in Some of the Safavid Mosques and Madrasas
Authors: Sokhanpardaz Kamran
Published: December 2020

Throughout history, Muslim artists have offered scientific solutions to meet the needs of society while designing their cultural and religious structures. Muslim scientists and artists have produced solutions that are compatible with science and nature, especially for Muslims to fulfil their religious duties on time. One of these scientific solutions is the application of techniques to determine the prayer and religious times depending on the position of the sun and the invention of tools for this. In this article, the practices determining the Zuhr prayer time (Zuhr time) in some mosques and madrasas belonging to the Safavid Period are examined. According to the results, these applications can be divided into three groups. Those in the first group are movably separate from the mosque and the madrasa building. Those in the second group are added to the mosque and madrasa building and consist of elements that do not match the materials used in these structures and are not considered decoration elements. The third group includes those that are not considered as decoration elements, although they are compatible with the materials used in mosques and madrasas. Those in this group have no decorative function and are only used to indicate the religious times and the direction of qibla.
建设工程管理风险防范与控制的研究
Authors: 唐 云花
Published: December 2020

近年来，我国社会经济得到了显著的发展，从而有效的促进了民众生活水平的提升，人们对于生活环境提出了更高的要求。在这种形势下，使得各个地区大量的建筑工程项目应时而生，从而为建筑工程行业的良好发展带来了诸多的机遇。经过分析研究总结我们发现，导致建筑工程管理风险的因素有很多，为了能够切实的推动建筑工程施工单位的稳步健康发展，那么就需要我们利用各种有效的方式方法来增强企业风险管理工作力度，将工程管理工作的作用充分的发挥出来。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建设工程管理风险展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的稳定健康发展有所帮助。
园林绿化施工及植物栽植技术关键
Authors: 汪 燕红
Published: December 2020

近些年，在中国经济大跨度发展的推动下，生活质量改善明显，基于这样的现状，园林绿化面积的扩大成为一项重要工作，地位逐渐显现出来。园林绿化属于重要的城市建设内容，在提供休闲场地的同时，生态环境也可以得到本质上的保护，缓解精神压力，所以绿化工程的质量以及正确的植物栽植技术尤为重要。文章将重点研究植物栽植的关键技术，以便为今后的园林建设以及植物栽植提供保障。
小直径PRC管桩在深基坑支护中的应用实践
Authors: 张 涛
Published: December 2020

PRC管桩作为一种新型的管桩，较常规管桩（PC、PHC）具有更高的延性、抗裂性能，结合其桩身质量好、成桩可靠、施工速度快等特点值得在深基坑支护中进行应用和推广。文中以荆州市一工程实例，结合理论计算，分析了小直径PRC管桩在深基坑支护中的应用效果，结果表明实测位移略低于计算位移，变化规律基本一致，证实了小直径PRC管桩用于基坑支护的可靠性和有效性，值得在同类工程中借鉴。
施工建筑消防安全的现状及解决措施
Authors: 李 路路 , 陈 清涛 , 庞 文生 , 郑 伟 , 高 保转
Published: December 2020

随着社会和经济的迅猛发展，人民大众的生活水平越来越高，各种高层伫立，建筑工程变得越来越重要，但与此同时，建筑消防问题也变得愈加重要。文章中根据当前建筑消防施工存在的问题进行分析，主要是阐述建筑消防施工的现状，并基于当前现状，提出针对性的建议，有效避免建筑消防施工中存在的问题。
化学工程与工艺的自动化发展趋势
Authors: 刘 焕良 , 吴 斌星 , 孟 荥
Published: December 2020

化学工业的开展能够运用于我国的许多范畴，比如农业工业和现代化制造业，它的发展可以对工业的生产工艺进行一定程度的提升，并且加大了我国的国防力量，为我国的国家安全提供了重要保证，使农业生产的发展也得到了提升，促进了高新技术产业的发展，使人们的生活程度与质量持续进步。化学工程与工艺是化学这一学科中十分重要的组成成分，在化学工业的发展过程中具备非常重要的促成意义。
石油化工生产安全与环境保护管理措施
Authors: 孙 静囡
Published: December 2020

石油作为重要的战略资源在国家发展和工业生产方面具有重要意义，不仅是国家发展的重要倚靠，也是工业生产的重要基石，然而在石油化工生产的同时，也会对环境产生巨大的影响，因此做好生产中的环境保护工作是确保石油化工生产顺利进行的重要保证，是促进石油化工可持续发展的必然之路，也是保护生态环境的重要举措。然而在现实情况中，石油化工生产安全与环境保护工作的推进会面对各种各样的问题，甚至在各个方面还会受到阻碍，这就导致了石油化工生产安全与环境保护工作没有落实到位，甚至安全与环境问题日益恶化，因此加强石油化工生产安全与环境保护管理工作迫在眉睫。
70LDB钻机低速离合器现场应急改造
Authors: 崔 继光
Published: December 2020

在钻井工作中，绞车是钻井工作的重要设备，随着钻井设备的发展，所用的绞车有30D等多种设备；分别采用气胎式离合器和悬停控制绞车滚筒运动，70LDB绞车低速离合器就是采用气囊包裹闸瓦片结构，是现场施工设备的薄弱环节。在遇到钻井井眼不规则，需要反复上下活动钻具时，气胎离合器推动闸瓦片与低速摩擦鼓摩擦时，会产生很高的温度，极易烧坏气囊和降低闸瓦片的寿命，一旦设备出现故障，现场组织配件比较困难，耗费时间比较长，如何快速解决生产中的气胎离合器故障，及时恢复设备性能，是钻井现场急需解决的难题。
高层建筑结构设计中的问题及对策
Authors: 张 军
Published: December 2020

对于高层建筑的结构设计来说最重要的一点就是要保证结构的安全性与可靠性。这是由于高层建筑有着其自己的特征，楼层更高，设计也要更加的复杂。所以这也导致外力作用对其会产生更大的影响，特别是一些自然灾害，比如说地震，其带来的危害就是非常大的。所以说，设计人员在进行高层建筑结构的设计的时候必须要重视结构的安全与可靠性的设计。在进行设计的时候，必须要从全局上开展设计与规划，要对浇筑的各个方面，包括防水、消防以及抗震等都要进行统筹安排，对建筑结构进行科学的设计，保证设计的科学性与合理性。
地铁施工盾构法的施工技术分析
Authors: 陈 雪鹏
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而为城市建设工作的全面实施带来了诸多的机遇，这样也为城市交通带来了诸多的压力。为了切实的提升城市交通的通畅性，人们越发的重视地铁工程的建设工作。地铁工程与地面工程在施工中存在巨大的差别，地铁施工工作往往会受到工程所处位置的地质结构情况的影响，所以在正式开始地铁工程开始建造之前，务必要安排专业人员进行前期地质结构的勘察工作，结合勘察结果来挑选适合的施工技术。在较为复杂的施工环境中，施工单位要想从根本上对施工质量加以保障，那么最为重要的就是需要综合各方面实际情况来挑选适合的施工技术和施工方法。现如今，在地铁工程施工过程中，盾构法的使用十分的常见，就其性质来说其属于一种暗挖施工工艺，在将这项技术加以实践运用之后，能够有效的推动工程施工效率的提升，鉴于此这篇文章主要围绕地铁工程中盾构法施工技术的实践运用展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国地铁工程行业的稳步健康发展有所帮助。
工程建设管理中存在的问题及应对策略的研究
Authors: 唐 云花
Published: December 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国建筑工程行业得到了全面的发展进步，在这种形势下人们对建筑工程管理工作越发的重视。工程建设管理工作的主要作用就是在实践落实工程建设各项工作的时候，借助高水平的前期施工方案以及高效的控制方法来实现控制工程成本、提升工作效率和质量的目的。高水平的建设管理工作在促进施工单位获得更加丰厚的经济收益方面具有良好的作用，在社会快速发展的带动下，尽管各个行业都得到了良好的发展进步，但是同时也加剧了各个行业内部的竞争形势，建筑施工单位要想不断的提升自身的综合实力，那么最为重要的就是需要全面推进工程建设管理工作的实施，所以高效的工程建设管理工作对于保证企业稳定健康发展是非常关键的。
景观园林绿化施工质量控制要点
Authors: 汪 燕红
Published: December 2020

随着国民生活质量的不断提升，景观园林的绿化也得到了社会各界的关注，通过景观园林绿化施工，能让景观园林的环境、景观更加优美。文章通过对景观园林绿化施工进行分析，并结合实际对景观园林绿化施工质量的控制要点提出个人观点，希望为关注景观园林绿化施工质量的人群带来参考。
BIM技术在建筑机电安装工程中的应用
Authors: 王 旭 , 王 军 , 郭 彦斌
Published: December 2020

在社会快速发展的带动下，使得建筑工程行业得到了良好的发展壮大，从而使得大量的新型施工技术被研发出来，并在实践运用过程中取得了良好的成绩。就机电工程设备来看，其在当代智能建筑中的作用是非常重要的，机电工程设备的安装效果往往与工程施工效率和质量存在一定的关联，所以要想对老旧的安装技术问题加以合理的解决，那么最为重要的就是需要结合当下实际情况，针对机电安装技术进行不断优化和创新，将BIM技术合理的加以实践运用，为建筑机电安装工程行业的稳步健康发展起到良好的辅助作用。