bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Quality of Life Outcomes Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Koh C. , Young J.
Published: September 2018

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an established treatment of peritoneal malignancies (PM). However, it can also adversely affect patients' quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study reports short-term QoL outcomes following CRS and HIPEC and compares the QoL trajectories between patients with more extensive cancer to those with less extensive disease. Methods: Patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC at a single referral center between April 2017 and April 2018 were prospectively recruited. QoL was measured using short-form 36 version 2. Physical (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) were scored according to the manual (higher scores reflect better QoL). Data were collected at baseline, predischarge, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. PCS and MCS trajectories were described. Results: Of 68 patients, 62 (91%) entered the study. Median PCS decreased from baseline to predischarge but this then recovers and improves beyond baseline by 3 months (43.4 IQR 35.2-55.2, 34.3 IQR 27.3-43.5, 48.1 IQR 37.6-52.5). Median MCS declined marginally postoperatively but improves above baseline by 3 months and continues to improve at 6 months (49.6 IQR 43.5-55.7, 47.8 IQR 39.9-55.0, 51.2 IQR 43.7-57.3, 56.2 IQR 42.8-58.6). Using a PCI (peritoneal carcinoma index, a staging system for the extent of disease from 0-39, higher value denotes more extensive disease) ≥ 15, patients with high PCI were found to have worse PCS at baseline (36.5 vs 48.9, P < 0.005). Despite nonstatistically significant differences in MCS between high PCI and low PCI patients, there is a clinically significant trend among patients with high PCI in that the trajectory for MCS is one of continued decline. Conclusion: Short-term QoL after CRS and HIPEC is acceptable. QoL returned to baseline quicker than anticipated. Further studies are needed to describe the long-term QoL and in particular, the relationship between PCI and QoL needs further evaluation.
Fostering Scientific Collaborations for Cancer Research Between High and Low/Middle Income Countries Through International Partnerships
Authors: Santos F.
Published: September 2018

Background: Much remains to be learned about the causes of several major cancers. Implementing and sustaining global initiatives aimed to advance cancer research requires concerted efforts among government agencies, the industry and philanthropic institutions. Aiming to tackle this challenge, in 2015 the Azrieli Foundation, Canada's International Development Research Centre, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Israel Science Foundation launched the Joint Canada-Israel Health Research Program (JCIHRP), a 7-year CA$35 million partnership that draws on the scientific strengths of Canadian, Israeli and low and middle income countries (LMICs) researchers in the broad field of biomedicine. Aim: JCIHRP aims to advance research and discovery in the biomedical sciences; encourage scientific collaboration between Canadian and Israeli researchers; and build capacity and foster scientific relations and collaborations with researchers and trainees in LMICs. Methods: JCIHRP will fund up to 30 research projects from 2015 to 2022 in diverse areas of the biomedical sciences (neurosciences, immunology, cancer and metabolism). So far, the program is supporting 9 projects in cancer research. Teams are led by a Canadian and Israeli principal investigators and a collaborator from a LMIC. Three years is the maximum duration of each grant and teams can request up to CA$1.17 million. The program launches 1 competition each year and activities are coordinated by a directors working group, which is responsible for program implementation and coordination among the agencies. Annual implementation timeline can be divided into 4 phases: competition development and application; proposals' eligibility, selection and decision; research phase; and reporting and monitoring. In deploying these phases, the funding partners have shared effort and costs. Results: Among cancer research projects, 4 teams are developing strategies to improve effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Five other teams use advanced genomics and protein engineering techniques to elucidate molecular mechanisms associated with tumor development, progression and resistance to therapy in pancreatic, breast, hepatic and brain cancer. These projects are supporting 26 established researchers in 7 Canadian, 6 Israeli and 9 institutions based in Brazil, Mexico, China, India, Argentina and Turkey. Additionally, 19 graduate students and 9 postdoctoral fellows are directly involved in research activities. Type of collaboration can be grouped into 2 categories: research and training (5 projects) and research, training and exchange (4 projects). Conclusion: JCIHRP multicentre funding model allows international integration of researchers promoting scientific advances, new collaborations and enhancing teams' overall competitiveness by prioritizing research topics with potential for global impact in cancer research.
The Effect of a Financial Incentive Designed of Transtheoretical Model–Based Interventions on Betel Quid Cessation
Authors: Lo Y.-T. , Yang H.-F. , Jou Y.-Y. , Wu C.-Y. , Chen R.-C. , Wang Y.-W.
Published: September 2018

Background: Betel quid (BQ) and cigarette smoking (CS) are oral cancer risk factors. It has been estimated that hundreds of million people mainly in the Asia-Pacific region were consume certain variety of BQ. BQ is the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and require assist the chewers to withdraw it. In Taiwan, Health Promotion Administration (HPA) has initiated a hospital-based in-reach screening services for oral cancer to chewers and smokers since 2010 and proposed a financial incentive BQ cessation program designed based on Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to BQ chewers within entrusted “Cancer Control Advanced Program” hospitals in 2017. Aim: This study aims to examine whether this strategy can assist BQ chewers to diminish or quit chewing BQ. Methods: This study was a longitudinal study design used an administration database. BQ chewers were interviewed with 3 times within 1 year follow by a uniform TTM-based BQ cessation intervention by HPA-trained health educators. A face-to-face questionnaire interview were conducted to obtain baseline information, 3 interventions' behavior change stages as well as final BQ chewing status. Generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the association between TTM changing process and effectiveness of BQ chewing behavior changes. Results: A total of 5476 BQ chewers completed 3 times interventions and classified into high-reduction group (N = 2698), middle-reduction group (N = 1978), and low-reduction group (N = 800) after 1-year follow-up. We found BQ chewers were primarily men and aged 40 to 60 years. Over half participants chewed BQ ≤10 BQ per day. Most of them were higher percentage on cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Almost 45% BQ chewers did not have regular oral mucosa screening. The stages of change were shift from precontemplation and contemplation stage to action and maintenance stage during 3 interventions. After adjusting for covariates, participants in preparation stage compared with those in precontemplation stage were associated with an increasing odds ratio in middle-reduction BQ (odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval = 2.27-3.44) and in high-reduction BQ (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence interval = 3.02-4.66). Moreover, BQ chews who chewed BQ ≤10 BQ per day and did not a cigarette smoking had higher chance to had high-reduction of BQ. Conclusion: This modified TTM BQ cessation provides according to behavior change 5 stages could benefit from hospital-based health education to lower BQ, however, future relapse rate should be concerned.
HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in Taiwan
Authors: Chen M.-J. , Wu C.-Y. , Chen R. , Wang Y.-W.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Cervical cancer has been one of the most important cancers over the last 3 decades in Taiwan, and it still is among the top 10 cause of death for women. Aim: The aim of the policy was to achieving the following KPIs: HPV vaccine inoculation rate to 60%; 30-69 year Papanicolaou test screening rate ≥ 70%; and cervical cancer mortality dropped to 3.3/105 (baseline 1995 = 11/105). Strategy/Tactics: We provided annual Pap test for all women aged 30 years or more since 1995 and encourage women to screen at least every 3 years. We will introduce national HPV vaccination program for girls aged 13 years later this year. Program/Policy Process: We used a coordinated multichannel delivery system including clinical and community approaches that empower people to access services. The cost of treatment was covered by the universal health insurance. Our vaccination program started from whom are likely to have less access to screening later in life since 2011, and some cities/counties initiated their own vaccination program. Our national HPV vaccination aims to increase the inoculation rate to 60%. Outcomes: The standardized cervical cancer incidence rate decreased by 66%, from 25 per 100,000 in 1995 to 8.5 per 100,000 in 2014. The standardized mortality rate fell by 70% between 1995 and 2016, from 11 to 3.3 people per 100,000. In 2015, the total inoculation rate was about 38%. According to the Vaccine Adverse Effect Reporting System, the HPV vaccine is very safe. Among almost 820,000 doses inoculated from 2010 to 2016, the number of adverse effect was 2107 (0.25%). What was learned: The policy combined HPV vaccination and national Papanicolaou test screening strategies are successful. The implementation of the act, funding allocation, information system, health education to target population and medical staff as well as media advocacy, were keys to success.
What is India's Position in Implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control? A Policy Analysis of the Tobacco Control Law and National Tobacco Control Program
Authors: Ghose S. , Datta S.S.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is the world's first public health treaty enacted under the World Health Organization (WHO). It is the biggest global initiative in tobacco control. India is a signatory to this treaty since 2004. India is home to 275 million tobacco users and is the second largest producer and user of tobacco products after China. The country is also known for widespread production and consumption of many smokeless forms of tobacco. India's progress in complying with the Framework Convention treaty had been inconsistent. While few states (provinces) are making significant progress, larger parts of the country struggles with gaps in the law, weak regulatory surveillance and overall noncompliance. The protobacco lobbies in India argue against the legislation by forecasting that banning tobacco production would lead to huge loss of employment and significant negative impact on the economy. These issues act as big deterrents to the country's tobacco control initiatives. Aim: There are very few published policy analyses on compliance with the FCTC treaty and identifying gaps in Indian tobacco control laws. This paper looks at India's tobacco use behavior, the national tobacco control laws, and its gaps and barriers. Strategy/Tactics: Using a policy triangle framework developed by Walt and Gilson (1994), it analyzes the national tobacco control policies and laws against the current scenario to identify areas of improvement and policy reform. Program/Policy process: The Indian tobacco control regulations and the National Tobacco Control Plan is evaluated in light of the WHO FCTC treaty to identify gaps and barriers to its implementation using published evidence. Outcomes: The analysis revels significant gaps and legal complexities that are currently being exploited by the tobacco industry as they continue to promote tobacco products and increase production capacity. There are also important ethical issues related to the use of child labor in tobacco trade in India. What was learned: This paper recommends to amend the Indian tobacco control law to address the gaps and implement a more stringent legislation commensurate to the tobacco use patterns and existing barriers. This also recognizes the political-economic aspects and reflects on the contextual variables and stakeholders that play a significant role in deciding the fate of tobacco production, use and control in India.
Pattern of Tobacco Use Among Higher Secondary Children in the Rural and Coastal Areas of Kerala: A Prospective Study
Authors: George N. , Balagopal P.G.
Published: September 2018

India is the second largest consumerof tobacco products after China and its consumption is a serious social issue most developing countries. The current study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of use of tobacco and its products among higher secondary school children in the costal and rural areas of Kerala, the state having highest literacy rate in the country. Tobacco consumption is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in India. The study was conducted in the higher secondary schools along the rural and coastal areas of Karungappally Taluk in the Kollam district of Kerala from October to December of 2017, 15 government and aided schools were selected. The data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 5678 students participated in the study. The purpose of the study was explained to the students with participation of National Service Scheme volunteers who distributed the data sheets to the students and helped in data collection. The school visit was coupled with lecture on the adverse effects of tobacco on health with pictures of cancers of the oral cavity, surgery and reconstruction. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel datasheet and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. The Departments of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre and Directorate of Higher Secondary School participated in the study. 5678 students participated in the study, that include 2567 boys and 3111 girls. 760 out of 2567 boys use tobacco, 308 out of 760 (40%) use more than 1 type of tobacco products. Cigarettes and pan masala are the popular forms of tobacco among the students. 253 boys out of 760 (33%) had used alcohol as well. 1819 students said their close relatives use tobacco and its products at home. 1420 said their close relatives consume alcohol. Bricker et al. says that, siblings, parents and close friends' smoking were all important influences on children's smoking (5). 94.7% (5382) of students are aware of the ill effects of tobacco, they are aware that tobacco consumption can lead to cancer of the lung, oral cavity, stroke and heart attack. 479 students said they are aware that the diseased part of oral cavity have to be removed by surgery. Students were also familiar with terms such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however it is doubtful whether they are aware of the complications associated these modes of treatment. 4578 (81%) students showed interest in antitobacco activities. 2347 students said the tobacco products are available in school premises and 1064 said they are available within the campus itself. 40% started tobacco smoking for fun, but 28% started mimicking the elders and 20% wanted to be the heroes in the campus. A recent study by Sargent et al also found a strong association between exposure to movie smoking and smoking by adolescents (4). In our study none of the girls were using tobacco.
The My Child Matters Program for Fighting Paediatric Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Gagnepain-Lacheteau A. , Vougier S.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: 20% of the children with cancer live in the high-income countries, where the survival rate is 80%, while 80% live in low- and middle-income countries, where the survival rate is <40%, and even lower in the poorest countries. Aim: In 2006 Sanofi Espoir Foundation launched the My Child Matters program, to give all the children with cancer, wherever they live, the same chance to have access to diagnosis and care. Strategy/Tactics: This program is based on public–private partnerships in the field of pediatric oncology in low- and middle-income countries. Program/Policy process: The program works with calls for projects, with 3-year-cycle grants founded by Sanofi Espoir Foundation. The first call for projects was launched in December 2005 in 10 countries, leading to 14 projects supported by the foundation. The last call for project was launched in 2015, the next one is expected at the end of 2018. The projects are various, according to the local needs, strengths and opportunities, and can focus on early diagnosis improvement, psychosocial support, treatment abandonment reduction, capacity building, cancer registries, development of palliative care and pain management or a holistic approach. They are selected by an international expert committee. The engineering involves the medical direction of Sanofi Espoir, a scientific overview in partnership with St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, a mentoring program with the commitment of various international experts and some training sessions for the team. Strong partnerships are established with UICC, SIOP, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Alliance Mondiale Contre le Cancer (French branch of INCTR), Groupe Franco Africain d'Oncologie Pédiatrique and some local associations and foundations. Outcomes: 58 projects implemented in 42 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 18 on-going projects; 75,000 children cared for; 20,000 healthcare professionals trained; ∼100 scientific articles related to the My Child Matters have been published. An ancillary call for projects, dedicated to the nurses in pediatric oncology, have been launched as well in 2015. What was learned: At the local level, the team leadership, the efficacy of the mentor–mentee duo, the commitment of the local government, the partnerships with local associations are decisive in succeeding and reaching a sustainable model. At the international level, reinforcing partnerships with NGO and other foundations increases the opportunities of collaborations for improving the life of children with cancer and contributing to reach the SDG 3.
Organized Screening Detects Breast Cancer for Vietnamese Women Over 40 Years Old 2017
Authors: Tran H.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: In the world, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer, with >1 million cases being diagnosed each year. In Vietnam, according to the cancer registry, there are 12,533 new cases of cancer in 2012 and estimated at 22,612 in 2020. However, breast cancer can be cured if a woman is diagnosed at an early stage. Current screening programs in Vietnam are mainly organized in an active way by health workers, not by the “initiative” of the women. Aim: Community awareness raising on prevention and early detection of breast cancer; breast cancer screening for 10,000 Vietnamese women, especially for high-risk women, disadvantaged women, less chance for periodic health examination; mobilize the commitment of businesses to provide screening for women´s cancer in the regular health check-ups for female employees; make it become lifestyle of women to get screened every year. Strategy/Tactics: Invited women over 40 years old to free breast cancer screening at cancer clinics/hospital in the north, central and south of Vietnam. 100% of the women were clinically examined and free breast ultrasound. Suspected women were provided mammography; in addition, ∼20 companies/businesses were aware the program and invited to join the screening. Program/Policy process: We have registered counters in hospitals that offer screening. Women who care for relatives or visit sick people can register at the counter. In addition, we have a Web site and a hotline for the reception of screening candidates. We have volunteers who were texting to remind women who have been involved in screening from previous years to continue screening this year. To facilitate the screening of women without affecting their daily work as well as those who are far away, free screening was offered on Saturday and Sunday of 4 consecutive weeks. We also went to businesses where the majority of workers are women to organize screening. We have held “Doctor´s Talk” before each screening session. We have invited cancer specialists, celebrities and patients with breast cancer who have been cured of the disease to talk about the prevention of breast cancer. Throughout the talk, 150-200 women were registered to hear the counsel. Outcomes: 10,095 women came for breast screening, with 1126 mammographies, including 50 suspected cases and 11 cases of cancer. The rate of reexamination in 2017 is 9.5% (the rate of women who have screened in 2015 is 1.7%, 2016 is 6.7%, and 1.1% in both 2015 and 2016). What was learned: After 3 years, our project for screening detection of breast cancer was examination for 32,136 Vietnamese woman; mammography for 2851 woman; detected 130 suspected cases of cancer and 25 cases identified cancer. For cancer cases, we recommended and supported them at cancer hospital. In cases of suspicion, we have followed up and reminded them to regularly visit and immediately go to hospital if there are abnormal signs.
Summary Report of a Successful Policy/Advocacy Campaign by Breast Care International in Ghana
Authors: Baffoe A.T. , Addai B. Wiafe
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Breast cancer is rapidly becoming a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and has the highest mortality among women. Research has demonstrated that African women are diagnosed with breast cancer 10 to 15 years earlier than their counterparts in higher-income countries. According to GLOBOCAN, in 2012 it was estimated that 2260 women are diagnosed with breast cancer and out of it 1102 died in Ghana. Breast cancer accounts for 15% of all malignancies in Ghana and it is estimated that majority of the cases are premenopausal and still in the work forces. Evidence has also shown that women who develop breast cancer at younger ages had more aggressive tumors, higher rate of metastasis, higher clinical stages and lower rate of hormone receptor expression (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) than older women. Aim: Provide education and screening on breast/cervical/prostate cancers and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; hypertension and diabetes). Strategy/Tactics: Reach out to organized groups and offer them education and screening programs. Program/Policy process: We offered our policy/advocacy campaign by going outside the hospital to do public health education in the schools, offices, churches and communities especially in the rural areas where people don't have access to hospitals, on breast cancer education, early detection and screening. For the benefit of the people in the rural areas, this platform is also used to educate the people on NCDs such as hypertension, diabetes which is also killing a lot people due to lack of education. Outcomes: From the advocacy campaign on the breast cancer outside the hospitals we release that there has been much improvement in reporting breast cases to the hospitals early and a large number of people in the communities understand breast cancer and its implications. What was learned: If health workers and nongovernmental organizations involve themselves in breast cancer education and advocacy campaigns, it will help in eradicating and reducing the number of breast cancer cases in the country.
Increasing Cancer Awareness Through BWS Social Media Activities
Authors: Achunine E. , Okoye I. , Nnamani A. , Okwuosa C. , Nwamaka L.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Information is key. The Nigerian Communications Commission released a statement in December 2017 that 98.3 million people in Nigeria use the Internet. The increasing number of people that use social media and the unlimited access is a reason to do some level of awareness on these platforms. A huge opportunity to pass information and save lives in the process will be missed by not engaging social media. Aim: To increase awareness for prevention and early detection of cancer via social media and forming an online community in the process. Strategy/Tactics: Creation of cancer-related engaging contents with words, pictures and videos such as general information about cancer, preventive measures among others to get the attention of the audience and consistent posting of these contents. Informing the general public of our free screening exercises and activities. Program/Policy process: Creation of a content calendar for our posts on specific days and times, targeting of online audience through age, sex and location among others considering the campaign we want to push at a given time. Outcomes: After 3 months, we had 48,765 reach and 17,223 impressions on Facebook, 47,599 impressions on Twitter and 15,177 impressions on Instagram from 30 posts each. A very significant increase in the number of people that showed up to our vaccinations, screenings and other activities/programs. Positive response from people who were reached via social media, they were thankful for the basic information they got which they had no idea about. Dozens of people volunteered to work for our organization to help get rid of cancer. What was learned: Social media enabled us to reach a good number of people easily. Our target audience was very grateful for the information they got. In summary, the use of social media in raising awareness and passing information was very effective.
An Incipient Lancet Oncology Commission, Toward Bridging the Global Shortfall in Medical Imaging Critical to Cancer Management
Authors: Lette M. Mikhail , Paez D.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Medical imaging is an evidence-based, vital puzzle piece in cancer management, without which public health targets for NCDs and more specifically for cancer cannot be achieved. Yet global access to radiology and nuclear medicine remains untenably low, and absent from major metrics for progress monitoring. Aim: This commission is forming to define a few most impactful, achievable priorities toward global provision of essential imaging services for the continuum of cancer management for every patient in need. The highest attainable standard of health is indeed a human right, and essential cancer management services include medical imaging, for example, for follow-up to assess response to therapy; image-guided interventions, such as biopsies, placement of catheters for chemotherapy, and more; screening in certain contexts; imaging for planning of treatment, such as before surgery or radiotherapy; and image-guided treatment, both curative and palliative, such as for radiofrequency ablation of tumors. Strategy/Tactics: Preliminarily brainstormed, possible commission topics to address in a task force divided per section include: 1) how to incorporate medical imaging and nuclear medicine as a priority in universal healthcare ´essential´ packages; 2) the role for innovation, artificial intelligence, use of big data, links to the cloud, electronic medical records, machine learning, teleradiology, and better interpretation of complex images (e.g., computer-assisted detection for pulmonary nodules, mammography); 3) easier systems for interpretation and reporting/dictation templates; 4) technologies to decrease radiation exposure; 5) imaging for therapy planning and patient follow-up; 6) precision medicine - targeted, personalized, and patient-centered; 7) nuclear medicine theragnostic potential; 8) implementation of quality management systems; clinical imaging referral guidelines; strengthening country disease registries most relevant to tailoring cancer imaging needs; 9) structured needs assessments and readiness evaluation for stepwise improvement of radiology. Program/Policy process: This commission is convening relevant international stakeholders to foster collaboration and select a few high-impact global cancer imaging targets to address over the coming several years, with long-term sustainable spinoff initiatives anticipated. Outcomes: Ongoing. A commission roadmap of next steps is being generated, to coincide and synergize with NCDs targets. What was learned: The evidence base for incorporating medical imaging in addressing NCDs in the post-2015 development agenda is strong, but a roadmap has yet to be defined. Medical imaging for all remains elusive and relevant technologies are evolving rapidly, including artificial intelligence, which stand to greatly serve population-based global cancer management needs.
The Role of “Liquid Biopsy” Repositories in Cancer Care in Low to Middle–Income Countries
Authors: Kohli M.
Published: September 2018

Background and context: Translation of underlying individual genomic heterogeneity in cancer into precision medicine practice requires annotated cancer biorepositories. The potential for practice of precise medicine is also coupled to saving vital resources in low to middle–income countries. An overview of experience and outcomes from a tertiary level cancer center in a high-income country for liquid biobank established since 2009 is presented. Aim: To understand the challenges of building economically viable biorepositories that can be used for molecular diagnostics while delivering cancer care. Strategy/Tactics: An institutional ethics–approved prospective liquid biorepository was established in September of 2009 for advanced cancer patients. Informed consent–approved collection of 29.5 mL blood/urine was performed serially on enrolled patients and clinical annotation was obtained during follow-up including previous, current and future treatments and their outcomes. All specimens were processed using a uniform protocol in which extraction of germline DNA from buffy coats; serum for proteomics; platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma (in citrate and EDTA anticoagulants) for microRNA and cell-free DNA extractions; and extraction of PAXgene RNA/DNA from whole blood was performed. Processing was done within 45 minutes of sample acquisition and storage in −80°C freezers with no freeze–thaw cycles. Program/Policy process: Biobanking for cancer care. Outcomes: Between September of 2009 and January of 2015, 535 advanced-stage prostate cancer patients in hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant stage; 250 advanced kidney cancer patients; 110 testicular cancer patients were enrolled and 1550 collections were performed serially. This generated >60,000 plasma/serum/DNA/RNA aliquots. Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) from buffy coats and whole blood of 500-1000 ng volume each were also extracted. Cell-free DNA for somatic mutational and copy number analysis; single nucleotide profiling from germline DNA; RNA expression profiling from whole blood and microRNA analysis in plasma has been performed from this cohort along with proteomics using tandem mass spectrometry. By 2017, this has resulted in >35 scientific publications; 5 patents; multiple national and international grant awards and enhanced precision cancer care for patient care. The cost burden for establishing the infrastructure was highly economical. What was learned: In our experience, liquid biopsy repositories can augment clinical cancer globally, but do not find this discussed in low to middle–income nations. Advancing and applying molecular oncology and team science to prospectively collected and retrospectively annotated biobanks can be a cost-efficient resource in a global cancer healthcare delivery system and a useful tool for scientific and economic opportunities and collaborations.
Epidural Blood Patch for Postdural Puncture Headache due to Lumboperitoneal Shunt Placement in a Patient With Pseudotumor Cerebri: A Case Report
Authors: Ferns Jonathan , McCartney Michael
Published: September 2018

The epidural blood patch (EBP) is commonly used to treat postdural puncture headaches (PDPHs) from spinal anesthesia, dural puncture with epidural anesthesia, and diagnostic and therapeutic lumbar puncture. We present a case of a patient with pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) who had a lumboperitoneal shunt placed for persistent headaches and subsequently developed symptoms similar to a PDPHs that were successfully treated with an EBP. While the exact mechanism by which our patient was experiencing PDPH symptoms is unknown, the EBP administration proved to be both therapeutic and diagnostic by ruling out shunt catheter malfunction through a resolution of symptoms.
RhoA and ERK signalling regulate the expression of the myogenic transcription factor Nfix
Authors: Taglietti Valentina , Angelini Giuseppe , Mura Giada , Bonfanti Chiara , Caruso Enrico , Monteverde Stefania , Le Carrou Gilles , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Relaix Frédéric , Messina Graziella
Published: September 2018

The transcription factor Nfix belongs to the nuclear factor one family and has an essential role in prenatal skeletal muscle development, where it is a master regulator of the transition from embryonic to foetal myogenesis. Recently, Nfix was shown to be involved in adult muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies. Here, we investigated the signalling that regulates Nfix expression, and show that JunB, a member of the AP-1 family, is an activator of Nfix, which then leads to foetal myogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that their expression is regulated through the RhoA/ROCK axis, which maintains embryonic myogenesis. Specifically, RhoA and ROCK repress ERK kinase activity, which promotes JunB and Nfix expression. Notably, the role of ERK in the activation of Nfix is conserved post-natally in satellite cells, which represent the canonical myogenic stem cells of adult muscle. As lack of Nfix in muscular dystrophies rescues the dystrophic phenotype, the identification of this pathway provides an opportunity to pharmacologically target Nfix in muscular dystrophies.
A novel population of Hopx-dependent basal radial glial cells in the developing mouse neocortex
Authors: Vaid Samir , Camp J. Gray , Hersemann Lena , Eugster Oegema Christina , Heninger Anne-Kristin , Winkler Sylke , Brandl Holger , Sarov Mihail , Treutlein Barbara , Huttner Wieland B. , Namba Takashi
Published: September 2018

A specific subpopulation of neural progenitor cells, the basal radial glial cells (bRGCs) of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), are thought to have a key role in the evolutionary expansion of the mammalian neocortex. In the developing lissencephalic mouse neocortex, bRGCs exist at low abundance and show significant molecular differences from bRGCs in developing gyrencephalic species. Here, we demonstrate that the developing mouse medial neocortex (medNcx), in contrast to the canonically studied lateral neocortex (latNcx), exhibits an OSVZ and an abundance of bRGCs similar to that in developing gyrencephalic neocortex. Unlike bRGCs in developing mouse latNcx, the bRGCs in medNcx exhibit human bRGC-like gene expression, including expression of Hopx, a human bRGC marker. Disruption of Hopx expression in mouse embryonic medNcx and forced Hopx expression in mouse embryonic latNcx demonstrate that Hopx is required and sufficient, respectively, for bRGC abundance as found in the developing gyrencephalic neocortex. Taken together, our data identify a novel bRGC subpopulation in developing mouse medNcx that is highly related to bRGCs of developing gyrencephalic neocortex.
Generation of mouse-zebrafish hematopoietic tissue chimeric embryos for hematopoiesis and host-pathogen interaction studies
Authors: Parada-Kusz Margarita , Penaranda Cristina , Hagedorn Elliott J. , Clatworthy Anne , Nair Anil V. , Henninger Jonathan E. , Ernst Christoph , Li Brian , Riquelme Raquel , Jijon Humberto , Villablanca Eduardo J. , Zon Leonard I. , Hung Deborah , Allende Miguel L.
Published: September 2018

Xenografts of the hematopoietic system are extremely useful as disease models and for translational research. Zebrafish xenografts have been widely used to monitor blood cancer cell dissemination and homing due to the optical clarity of embryos and larvae, which allow unrestricted in vivo visualization of migratory events. Here, we have developed a xenotransplantation technique that transiently generates hundreds of hematopoietic tissue chimeric embryos by transplanting murine bone marrow cells into zebrafish blastulae. In contrast to previous methods, this procedure allows mammalian cell integration into the fish developmental hematopoietic program, which results in chimeric animals containing distinct phenotypes of murine blood cells in both circulation and the hematopoietic niche. Murine cells in chimeric animals express antigens related to (i) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, (ii) active cell proliferation and (iii) myeloid cell lineages. We verified the utility of this method by monitoring zebrafish chimeras during development using in vivo non-invasive imaging to show novel murine cell behaviors, such as homing to primitive and definitive hematopoietic tissues, dynamic hematopoietic cell and hematopoietic niche interactions, and response to bacterial infection. Overall, transplantation into the zebrafish blastula provides a useful method that simplifies the generation of numerous chimeric animals and expands the range of murine cell behaviors that can be studied in zebrafish chimeras. In addition, integration of murine cells into the host hematopoietic system during development suggests highly conserved molecular mechanisms of hematopoiesis between zebrafish and mammals.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Overexpression of Fgfr2c causes craniofacial bone hypoplasia and ameliorates craniosynostosis in the Crouzon mouse
Authors: Lee Kevin K. L. , Peskett Emma , Quinn Charlotte M. , Aiello Rosanna , Adeeva Liliya , Moulding Dale A. , Stanier Philip , Pauws Erwin
Published: September 2018

FGFR2c regulates many aspects of craniofacial and skeletal development. Mutations in the FGFR2 gene are causative of multiple forms of syndromic craniosynostosis, including Crouzon syndrome. Paradoxically, mouse studies have shown that the activation (Fgfr2cC342Y; a mouse model for human Crouzon syndrome), as well as the removal (Fgfr2cnull), of the FGFR2c isoform can drive suture abolishment. This study aims to address the downstream effects of pathogenic FGFR2c signalling by studying the effects of Fgfr2c overexpression. Conditional overexpression of Fgfr2c (R26RFgfr2c;βact) results in craniofacial hypoplasia as well as microtia and cleft palate. Contrary to Fgfr2cnull and Fgfr2cC342Y, Fgfr2c overexpression is insufficient to drive onset of craniosynostosis. Examination of the MAPK/ERK pathway in the embryonic sutures of Fgfr2cC342Y and R26RFgfr2c;βact mice reveals that both mutants have increased pERK expression. The contrasting phenotypes between Fgfr2cC342Y and R26RFgfr2c;βact mice prompted us to assess the impact of the Fgfr2c overexpression allele on the Crouzon mouse (Fgfr2cC342Y), in particular its effects on the coronal suture. Our results demonstrate that Fgfr2c overexpression is sufficient to partially rescue craniosynostosis through increased proliferation and reduced osteogenic activity in E18.5 Fgfr2cC342Y embryos. This study demonstrates the intricate balance of FGF signalling required for correct calvarial bone and suture morphogenesis, and that increasing the expression of the wild-type FGFR2c isoform could be a way to prevent or delay craniosynostosis progression.
Reanalysis of an oft-cited paper on honeybee magnetoreception reveals random behavior
Authors: Baltzley Michael J. , Nabity Matthew W.
Published: September 2018

While mounting evidence indicates that a phylogenetically diverse group of animals detect Earth-strength magnetic fields, a magnetoreceptor has not been identified in any animal. One possible reason that identifying a magnetoreceptor has proven challenging is that, like many research fields, magnetoreception research lacks extensive independent replication. Independent replication is important because a subset of studies undoubtedly contain false positive results and without replication it is difficult to determine if the outcome of an experiment is a false positive. However, we report here a reanalysis of a well-cited paper on honeybee magnetoreception demonstrating that the original paper represented a false positive finding caused by a misunderstanding of probability. We also point out how good experimental design practices could have revealed the error prior to publication. Hopefully, this reanalysis will serve as a reminder of the importance of good experimental design in order to reduce the likelihood of publishing false positive results.
Pyrolytic formation and photoactivity of reactive oxygen species in a SiO2/carbon nanocomposite from kraft lignin
Authors: Vadivel Dhanalakshmi , Malaichamy Ilanchelian
Published: September 2018

SiO2 and carbon produced by kraft lignin pyrolyzed at 600°C can generate stable reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reaction with atmospheric oxygen. In this study, we systematically investigate the photochemistry of peroxyl radicals in carbon-supported silica (PCS) and assess its effects on the methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. Characterization revealed that the higher ROS generation ability of SiO2/carbon under UV light irradiation was attributed to its abundant photoactive surface-oxygenated functional groups.
Paulo Freire, ergologia e os discursos do empreendedorismo
Authors: Carmo Luana Jéssica Oliveira , Gomes Junior Admardo Bonifácio , Gomes Patrícia Albuquerque , Assis Lílian Bambirra de
Published: September 2018

Este ensaio teórico teve como objetivo estabelecer diálogos entre os conceitos abordados por Paulo Freire na Pedagogia do Oprimido e a ergologia, tomando como base os discursos do empreendedorismo. Para tanto, apresentou-se algumas concepções de Paulo Freire relacionadas à Pedagogia do Oprimido, tal como a educação libertadora, bem como algumas noções próprias da ergologia. Os discursos do empreendedorismo se apresentam como imperativos ao empreendedor, descolados de qualquer contexto socioeconômico, desconsiderando a atividade industriosa de empreender. Assim, a contribuição desse artigo reside em propor uma reflexão sobre o quanto esses discursos se aproximam de uma concepção bancária da educação. Propõe-se que o empreendedor retome sua “consciência crítica”, o que inclui um pensar autônomo e comprometido, e um reposicionamento em relação à realidade. Só assim torna-se possível o engajamento sociopolítico, de forma democrática e dialógica.
Economia Solidária como Ação Cultural para a Liberdade
Authors: Saraiva Carolina Machado , Gonzaga Lilian Cristina , Gonçalves Amanda Maria Silva
Published: September 2018

Propomos neste artigo o uso das diretrizes de formação crítica de Paulo Freire sobre a educação popular na Economia Solidária. A escolha por Paulo Freire, um pedagogo crítico, se justifica pelo entendimento de que a consciência crítica é o ponto de clivagem para a consolidação de projetos de economia solidária de forma orgânica. Para compreender a potência da formação crítica, foi realizada uma sessão de bricolagem com artesãs dos projetos de economia solidária já desenvolvidos pela equipe deste artigo, em um distrito próximo à uma IFES. Através da técnica de bricolagem, com o uso dos preceitos críticos de Freire, percebemos como as artesãs se empoderaram, entendendo-se como sujeitos ativos no processo de construção de suas associações, tomando para si as questões referentes aos dilemas por elas enfrentados no dia-a-dia da gestão. Assim é que se constitui uma ação cultural para a libertação.
Confiança e redes: evidências teóricas sob o prisma do capital social
Authors: Kremer Andréia Maria , Cavalheiro Rafael Todescato
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi de identificar como os componentes do capital social têm sido aplicados a solução dos problemas de uso dos bens comuns, através da análise integrativa da produção científica internacional. Foram selecionados 39 artigos, publicados nas bases de dados Scopus, Science Direct e Web of Science. Os resultados revelam a importância da confiança, da reciprocidade, da reputação e das redes para o comportamento cooperativo. Contudo, a análise dos estudos evidenciou a necessidade de levar em consideração outros fatores, como a heterogeneidade, o tamanho dos grupos e as normas. Os estudos demonstram que a confiança pode ser construída em ambiente com homogeneidade e, nesse sentido, os grupos pequenos possuem vantagens. A homogeneidade e as normas também são importantes para a construção de redes, que permitem o compartilhamento de informações, comunicação face a face, negociação de normas compartilhadas, construção de uma reputação e construção de confiança.
Teoria das decisões: um estudo do método lexicográfico
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Picanço , Cova Carlos José Guimarães
Published: September 2018

Diariamente, gerentes do mundo inteiro estão concentrando esforços no sentido de assegurar uma decisão correta. Essa busca se dá devido ao alto grau de risco que envolve o processo, principalmente pelas grandes somas de capital em “jogo”. Dessa forma, é preciso minimizar os ruídos em um processo decisorial, principalmente no que se refere às falhas humanas envolvidas. O presente trabalho trata da questão da tomada de decisão em termos de qualidade do julgamento e envolve, principalmente, a metodologia conhecida como Lexicográfica. O texto chama atenção para que o decisor não incorra em enganos durante o processo de escolha, principalmente quando este gasta mais atenção com ao método utilizado do que com o problema propriamente dito.
A Comunicação Organizacional como Visão Estratégica Utilizando o Empowerment como Fator Determinante para o Desenvolvimento de uma Organização
Authors: Fontanillas Carlos Navarro , Palmieri Bruno Da Rocha , Oliveira Janaína Tannus de
Published: September 2018

A comunicação organizacional, aliada ao empowerment como ferramenta de melhoria a qualidade eprodutividade, proporciona aos tomadores de decisão um elemento de caráter estratégico para agestão e administração das organizações modernas. O artigo demonstra as ferramentas que interagementre o ambiente interno e fatores exógenos relacionados as empresas, como: seu público, mercadopotencial e a sociedade. Não obstante, é a comunicação que gera valor competitivo, construindo umacultura organizacional coerente aos valores corporativos. O uso do empowerment consiste nadelegação de autoridade e de responsabilidade. Denota-se o uso da descentralização de poderes nacadeia hierárquica de uma organização, conferindo autonomia aos colaboradores de modo que eles semostrem aptos a diagnosticar, analisar e propor soluções no dia-a-dia
Ciência e Pseudociência na Administração
Authors: Picanço Eduardo , Silva Fábio Do Nascimento Siqueira da
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo faz referência a um termo contemporâneo denominado PSEUDOCIÊNCIA. O mesmosugere a possibilidade, bem como o fato da falseabilidade da ciência por parte de alguns que demaneira lúcida e pensada o fazem intentando várias questões como: aceitação, sucesso, promoçãopessoal, ludibriação, e por que não, engano de outros e de si mesmos. São apresentados algunsexemplos genéricos, por questões éticas, que devem servir de chamada para discussões futuras sobrea profissão do administrador. Não se pretende chegar, ainda nesse artigo, a conclusões definitivas,exatamente para não criar outras pseudoverdades além das apresentadas no texto.
As Conexões entre o Marketing e a Logística na Busca do Valor ao Cliente
Authors: Cova Carlos José Guimarães
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo procuramos demonstrar que é cada vez maior a interdependência entre o Marketing e aLogística, pois cada vez mais se reconhece o poder do serviço ao cliente como um meio potencial dediferenciação entre as empresas. Em regra, a maior parte dos livros-texto apresenta o Marketing comosendo o gerenciamento dos 4 “Ps”, designados por produto, preço, promoção e praça (tambémchamada de ponto de venda). Até hoje a ênfase do Marketing recaia sobre os três primeiros “Ps”. Apraça, que pode ser descrita por intermédio do antigo clichê, “o produto certo, no lugar certo, na horacerta”, de um modo geral não era muito enfatizado nos esforços da função marketing. Veremos que adisponibilidade dos produtos passou a ser determinante para a decisão de venda.