bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially and temporally resolved measurements of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection by Lagrangian particle tracking of long-lived helium-filled soap bubbles
Authors: Bosbach Johannes , Schanz Daniel , Godbersen Phillip , Schröder Andreas
Published: September 2021

We present spatially and temporally resolved velocity and acceleration measurements of turbulent RayleighBénard convection spanning the whole volume (~ 1 m³) of a cylindrical sample with aspect ratio one. With the "Shake-The-Box" (STB) Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) algorithm, we were able to instantaneously track up to 560,000 particles, corresponding to mean inter-particle distances down to 6 - 8 Kolmogorov lengths. We used the data assimilation scheme ‘FlowFit’, which involves continuity and Navier-Stokesconstraints, to map the scattered velocity and acceleration data on cubic grids, herewith recovering the smallest flow scales. Lagrangian and Eulerian visualizations reveal the dynamics of the large-scale circulation and its interplay with small scale structures, such as thermal plumes and turbulent background fluctuations. As a result, the complex time-dependent behavior of the LSC comprising azimuthal rotations, torsional oscillation and sloshing can be extracted from the data. Further, we found more seldom dynamic events, such as spontaneous reorientations of the LSC in the data from long-term measurements.
Rayleigh-Bénard convection in air: out-of-plane vorticity from stereoscopic PIV measurements
Authors: Valentina Valori , Thieme Alexander , Cierpka Christian , Schumacher Joerg
Published: September 2021

We present results from stereoscopic PIV measurements in a Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC) cell filled with (compressed) air at Rayleigh numbers: Ra = 1.5×104,  2×104, 1×105, 2×105, 5×105, and Prandtl number Pr ' 0.7. The three largest Rayleigh numbers are obtained pressurising the whole set-up including cameras and objective lenses, up to 4.5 bars. The main goal of this study is to reproduce DNS data that are acquired at the same Rayleigh numbers to study far-tail events of the out-of-plane vorticity component (ωz). The measurements are performed in a RBC cell with aspect ratio Γ = W/H = 10, where W is the width and H = 3 cm is the height of the domain. The cell is equipped with a transparent bottom plate heated by a thin oxide layer (for details see Kastner et al. (2018)), which allows us to measure 3C2D velocity fields on ¨a horizontal plane at mid height of the cell. The RBC cell set-up is inserted in the SCALEX facility of TU Ilmenau, a pressure vessel with several optical accesses that can be pressurised up to 10 bars
The experiments aim firstly at improving the quality of previous measurements performed in the sameset-up [Kastner et al. (2018), Cierpka et al. (2019)], regarding the accuracy of the out-of-plane velocity ¨component. This has been realised by positioning the cameras at a larger stereo angle (about 25◦), which is possible by placing them inside the pressure vessel. Major challenges of the current measurements are caused by optical distortions due to the temperature gradients that are typical for thermal convection (see Valori (2018), Valori et al. (2019)).
Probability Density Functions (PDFs) of ωz from stereo PIV experiments and from DNS data are shown respectively in figure 1(a) and 1(b) for all Rayleigh numbers studied. We can observe that for both kind of data the tails of the PDF becomes wider while increasing the Rayleigh number, which may be connected to intermittency. This crossover from Gaussian to intermittent statistic was recently studied in Valori and Schumacher (2021) from DNS. Figure2(a) shows the temporal evolution of ωz at the position of its largest (extreme) value at Ra = 2.5 × 105, while figure2(b) shows the spatial distribution of ωz at the time of its extreme event in the experiments.
The experimental results are able to reproduce well the statistics of DNS data of the same flow, and allow the study of extreme events of ωz.
Fluid structure interactions of a pitching wing at high angle of attack
Authors: Acher Gwenael , Braud Patrick , Chatellier Ludovic , Thomas Lionel , David Laurent
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the study of the flow around a pitching wing at high angle of attack. Different pitching amplitudes and frequencies are studied using DIC and LPT measurements. The Fluid Structure Interactions are shown and exhibit that the vortex shedding could be reduced by actuating the wing at specific frequencies.
Evaluation of velocity fields in horizontal gas-liquid intermittent flows using Stereoscopic-PIV and instantaneous masking procedure
Authors: Fernandes Leonardo Soares , De Mesquita Rodrigo dos Santos Navarro , Martins Fabio Jessen Werneck de Almeida , Azevedo Luis Fernando Alzuguir
Published: September 2021

The main goal of this work was to obtain well-converged liquid velocity profiles for intermittent gas-liquid flows in a horizontal pipe. To this end, air and water with superficial velocities of JG = 0.5 m/s and JL = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m/s, respectively, were driven into a 18-m acrylic test section with an inner diameter of 40 mm. All three-components of the velocity vectors were measured in a pipe cross-section using a highfrequency stereoscopic PIV system, together with the laser induced fluorescence technique. Photogates were used to measure the unit cell translational velocity, as well as to trigger data acquisition, allowing the calculation of ensemble-averaged velocity fields at specific positions, referenced to the gas-bubble nose tip position. An instantaneous image masking procedure was implemented, allowing the determination of non-dimensional ensemble-averaged velocity profile in the liquid film, referenced to gas-bubble boundary. The high-frequency system employed allowed the determination of the influence of the faster-moving gas bubble on the liquid velocity field in the plug region. The data presented are relevant to the validation and improvement of one-dimensional two-phase numerical models, as well as to better understand this complex flow.
PIV measurement of turbulence over a streamwise preferential porous medium
Authors: Morimoto Mahiro , Okazaki Yuki , Kuwata Yusuke , Suga Kazuhiko
Published: September 2021

This study examines the possibility of orthotropic porous medium whose streamwise permeability is larger than the wall-normal permeability to reduce turbulent friction inspired by recent numerical studies of Rosti et al. (2018); G´omez-de Segura and Garc´ıa-Mayoral (2019). Because G´omez-de Segura and Garc´ıa-Mayoral (2019) used Brinkman equation to approximate the flow in the porous media, it is uncertain that such porous media really reduce the friction. We make a layered porous medium, which satisfies the drag reducing condition suggested by G´omez-de Segura and Garc´ıa-Mayoral (2019), and carry out particle image velocimetry measurements of turbulent square duct flows over it and examine the drag reduction probability. From the analyses of the obtained data, it is found that the friction on the porous-wall is nearly the same as that of the smooth-wall at Reb < 10000 and tends to increase at Reb > 10000.
PIV measurements in a turbulent boundary layer overlying a spanwise heterogeneous roughness
Authors: Yao Rongnan , Christensen Kenneth
Published: September 2021

In nature and engineering applications, wall-bounded flow often encounter a heterogeneous surface condition, such as the atmosphere boundary layer at the urban boundary and flow over riveted aircraft surfaces. In a particular scenario, when the surface heterogeneity is predominantly in the spanwise direction of the flow, this roughness heterogeneity can generate secondary flow in cross flow plane which is very different from smooth-wall or homogeneous rough-wall boundary layers.
Measurement of Lagrangian Trajectories in a 3 L Stirred Tank Reactor using 4D Particle Tracking Velocimetry with Shake-the-Box
Authors: Fitschen Jürgen , Von Kameke Alexandra , Hofmann Sebastian , Hoffmann Marko , Schlüter Michael
Published: September 2021

Stirred tank reactors are widely used in the chemical industry and bioprocess engineering and, consequently, a large number of scientific publications deal with the characterization of those apparatuses. However, there is very little information about the flow conditions. This is mostly due to the fact that these apparatuses are generally made of stainless steel, which restricts optical access. Furthermore, three-dimensional flow field measurements are still not trivial and involve costly equipment, therefore, investigations often reduce to two-dimensional PIV measurements. Nevertheless, recent works (Rosseburg et al., 2018; Taghavi and Moghaddas, 2020; Kuschel et al., 2021) impressively show the formation of compartments which hinder and delay mixing. However, these measurements are based either on instantaneous concentration profiles by means of pLIF measurements or on a two-dimensional projection of the system and thus do not allow conclusions about the development of the three dimensional compartments and the exchange rates between the compartments. In this work, for the first time, instantaneous flow field measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution are performed in the entire volume of a 3L stirred tank reactor based on 4D particle tracking velocimetry. The highly resolved particle trajectories further allow detailed Lagrangian analysis of the mixing dynamics inside the reactor, data that was previously inaccessible.
Approximate Bayesian framework for 3D reconstruction in a volumetric PIV/PTV measurement
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayantan , Bilionis Ilias , Vlachos Pavlos
Published: September 2021

Non-invasive flow velocity measurement techniques like volumetric Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) (Elsinga et al., 2006; Adrian and Westerweel, 2011) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) (Maas, Gruen and Papantoniou, 1993) use multi-camera projections of tracer particle motion to resolve three-dimensional flow structures. A key step in the measurement chain involves reconstructing the 3D intensity field (PIV) or particle positions (PTV) given the projected images and known camera correspondence. Due to limited number of camera-views the projected particle images are non-unique making the inverse problem of volumetric reconstruction underdetermined. Moreover, higher particle concentration (>0.05 ppp) increases erroneous reconstructions or “ghost” particles and decreases reconstruction accuracy. Current reconstruction methods either use voxel-based representation for intensity reconstruction (e.g. MART (Elsinga et al., 2006)) or a particle-based approach (e.g. IPR (Wieneke, 2013)) for 3D position estimation. The former method is computationally intensive and has a lesser positional accuracy due to stretched shape of the reconstructed particle along the line of sight. The latter compromises triangulation accuracy (Maas, Gruen and Papantoniou, 1993) due to overlapping particle images for higher particle concentrations. Thus, each method has its own challenges and the error in 3D reconstruction significantly affects the accuracy of the velocity measurement. Though, other methods like maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation have been previously developed (Levitan and Herman, 1987; Bouman and Sauer, 1996) for computed Tomography data, it has not been explored for PIV/ PTV 3D reconstruction. Here, we use a MAP estimation framework to model and solve the inverse problem. The cost function is optimized using a stochastic gradient ascent (SGA) algorithm. Such an optimization can converge to a better local maximum and also use smaller image patches for efficient iterations.
High Speed PIV Measurements in Water Hammer
Authors: Capanna Roberto , Bardet Philippe M.
Published: September 2021

An experimental study addressing the challenge to measure relaxation coefficient of very fast phenomena such as water hammers is presented. An acrylic projectile containing water is accelerated and impacts a metal wall creating a water hammer. State of the art laser measurements techniques will be deployed in order to achieve such goal. A compressed air custom built cannon is used to accelerate the projectile and create the impact leading to the water hammer. First experimental results for Shadowgraphy and PIV measurements are presented and discussed with focus on the future development for the presented facility.
Integrating Tubb’s Engagement Model with Critical Reading
Authors: Ibrahim Irma Wahyuny , Rahmat Noor Hanim , Shahabani Nor Syahiza , Nasharudin Sharifah Nadia Syed , Ghazali Izlin Mohamad , Khairuddin Zulaikha
Published: September 2021

Since critical reading has been assumed as critical, there are actually certain ideas and concepts that reflect how critical is this critical reading. Critical does not mean critical as in difficulty or failure in reading but more of looking into the skills, processes and the activities when reading. Group engagement has been said to improve team members’ critical thinking skills. This study is done to explore how group interactions facilitate critical reading activities. Specifically, this study explores how group work encourages critical reading through the processes of orientation, conflict, consensus, and closure. 72 participants responded to the instrument (a questionnaire). The questionnaire has 5 sections, demographic profile, orientation, conflict, consensus and also closure. Data is analyzed using SPSS version 26 to reveal percentage for the demographic profile and mean score for the variables. Findings indicate that group engagement facilitates critical reading in several ways. The study suggests that communication during group interaction improves learners’ critical reading.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Safety Issues in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam S. , Khalid N.
Published: September 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
A Case Report of a Rare Variation in the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: Datli Beigi Seyed Abbas , Shahedi Abbas
Published: September 2021

The brachial plexus is the largest and most complex neural plexus in the body located in the neck and axilla. So far, there have been many reports of various variations in the brachial plexus that are of clinical significance. In the present study, while dissecting the upper limb of a 54-year-old man in the dissection room of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, a rare variation was observed in the lateral cord branches of the plexus. In this case, the medial pectoral nerve, which normally separates from the medial cord, originated from the lateral cord. Awareness of this variation is important for anatomists, surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists to interpret the graphs, etc., and can help to reduce clinical complications during surgery and better interpret and diagnose the graphs.
Comparison of Eating Behaviors in People with Multiple Sclerosis with Recurrence in the Past Year and Control Group
Authors: Saadat Sajjad , Hosseininezhad Mozaffar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare eating behaviors in the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with recurrence of the disease in the past year and the control group.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was a comparison that was performed in the statistical population of two groups of people with MS in Guilan Province in the second half of 2018. The first group consisted of people with MS with a recurrence of the disease in the past year and the second group of people with MS without a history of recurrence of the disease in the past year that were selected by matching the variables of age, sex and duration of the disease. In each of these groups, 104 people were employed as a sample in a targeted method from medical centers in Rasht. In order to collect data demographic information form and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire were used. Research data were analyzed by independent t-test using SPSS software version 16.
Results: The results showed that among patients with MS with a history of recurrence and the control group there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in the variables of emotional eating (t = 3.03, P = 0.01), external stimuli (t=4.49, P=0.01) and inhibition in eating (t =3.81, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Inappropriate eating behaviors are one of the factors associated with recurrence and disease attacks in people with MS. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and nutritionists consider the role of eating behaviors in these individuals to reduce disease attacks.
Role of Meta-cognitive Beliefs and Emotional Schemes in Predicting the Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in People Referring to Legal Medicine
Authors: Roshannia Somayeh , Rezaei Fatemeh , Dosti Lila
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Some studies have addressed the role of meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in the persistence of symptoms of post traumatic stress disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the role of meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in predicting the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in people referred to the legal medicine of Khorramabad City.
Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder referring to the forensic medicine organization in Khorramabad City in 2017-2018. Among them, 200 individuals were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. The participants completed the PTSD Symptom Scale - Self report (PSS-SR, Foa et al, 1993), Meta-cognitive Beliefs Questionnaires (Wells and Carthage-Hatton, 2004), and Leahy Emotional Schema Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using step by step regression analysis.
Results: Results revealed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder with meta-cognitive beliefs and emotional schemes (exept consensus and rumination) (p<0.05). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that positive metacognitive beliefs (β= 0.500, p= 0.001), cognitive self-awareness (β= -1.090, p= 0.001), uncontrollability (β= -4.162, p= 0.001) and expression of feeling (β= -1.572, p= 0.001) might predict the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.
Conclusion: With regard to the results of the current study attention should be directed to the relationship between symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder and meta-cognitive beliefs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions should be targeted at improving negative metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemes in patients.
Aviv barley and calendar diversity among Jews in eleventh-century Palestine
Authors: Vidro Nadia
Published: September 2021

One of the most salient medieval Qaraite practices was setting the calendar by observation of natural phenomena. While the Rabbanites followed arithmetical schemes, Qaraites set months by sighting the new moon and intercalated years on the basis of the state of ripeness of barley crops (
aviv
). Multiple Qaraite treatises on the
aviv
are preserved, but documentary evidence of empirical intercalation is scarce, making it difficult to learn how it was performed in practice. This article examines two Qaraite calendar chronicles that document barley observations and decisions regarding intercalation in a range of years in the eleventh century. They shed important light on how the Qaraite calendar operated over periods of time and attest to frequent calendar difference within the Qaraite movement and between Qaraites and Rabbanites. The chronicles make it clear that the Qaraite calendar of the period was not a monolithic system counterposed to that of the Rabbanites.
The letter of Isaac the Blind to Nahmanides and Jonah Gerondi in its historical context
Authors: Weiss Tzahi
Published: September 2021

In 1934 Gershom Scholem published a very important letter that Isaac the Blind wrote to Nahmanides and Jonah Gerondi in the 1230s. The common assumption in the scholarship was that the letter addresses two classical problems at the heart of Kabbalistic literature: the problem of esotericism versus exotericism and the issue of the heretical potential of
sefirotic
lore. I suggest a different reading, which takes into account sociological and theological events that occurred during the 1230s. According to my argument, the first part of the letter refers to an accusation of impurity in Jonah Gerondi’s family. The second part of the letter refers to the worship of mediators, which was associated with a medieval binitarian belief, was not
sefirotic
and was widespread in that area.
One journal, one decade, 3,797,592 words: computational analysis of HaTzfira’s discourse (1874–1883)
Authors: Segal Zef M. , Soffer Oren
Published: September 2021

In this study we use computational tools to analyse the dynamic nature of the journalistic discourse as reflected in one decade (1874–83) of one Eastern European Hebrew weekly #8211;
HaTzfira
. To identify latent themes in
HaTzfira
’s discourse we apply algorithmic topic-modelling analysis to an upgraded optical character recognition of this periodical. The analysis demonstrates two turning points in the history of
HaTzfira
’s discourse. The first, in the mid-1870s, reflected a shifting of balance from scientific topics to topics related to world politics. The second, and more significant, change occurred in 1881: world politics lost its dominance and there was a steep rise in topics relating to anti-Semitism. We argue that computational analysis helps reveal the life cycles and changing dominance of the overarching themes in
HaTzfira
and identify the main internal and external networks and influences that shape the journalistic text.
Quality of life in postlingual geriatric adult cochlear implant users
Authors: TURAN Şükrü , GÜMÜŞ Birgül , KAYA Ercan , PINARBAŞLI Mehmet Özgür , GÜRBÜZ Melek Kezban , İNCESULU Şaziye Armağan
Published: September 2021

Aim: Sensorineural hearing losses in adults may prevent communication with the environment, leading to social isolation, mental problems, loss of business and a reduced quality of life. Cochlear implantation is an important treatment method enabling restoration of hearing in selected patients who have postlingual severe hearing loss and fail to benefit from hearing aids. In this study, we aimed to research the effect of cochlear implant on the quality of life of geriatric patients aged 60 and over with post lingual hearing loss, who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation due to severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss.

Materials and Method: 17 geriatric post lingual patients aged 60 and older who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation due to severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss between 2008 and 2015 were included in this study. A Turkish language version of the Short-Form 36 survey was used to evaluate the patient's quality of life.

Results: The patients were aged between 61 and 84 years, and the mean age of the patients was 69,5±7 years. The etiology of hearing loss included sudden hearing loss 6 patients, progressive hearing loss in 10 patients, and a sequel of meningitis in 1 patient. According to the result of the Short-Form 36 survey, physical condition, general condition, and psychological condition results were found to be positive at the rates of 76,4%, 88,2%, and 94,1% respectively.

Conclusion: In selected patients of advanced age, cochlear implantation is a treatment method that improves, aside from hearing rehabilitation, the patients' relationship with the environment, eliminating the need for additional care and support, contributing to increased self-confidence and emotional happiness, and consequently, positively affecting the quality of life.
Türkiye’de kamu hastanelerinde laboratuvar testlerinin kullanımı ve gider analizi
Authors: KÜÇÜK Aziz
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Türkiye’de kamu hastanelerinde laboratuvar testlerinin kullanım durumunu çeşitli göstergelerle analiz etmek ve hastane maliyetleri üzerindeki etkisine dikkat çekmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kamu hastanelerinde 2015-2019 yıllarına ait laboratuvar testlerinin kullanımı, test istem oranları, laboratuvar giderleri ve tıbbi hizmet verileri Sağlık Bakanlığı’ndan temin edilmiştir. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın çeşitli veri tabanlarından elde edilen veriler, sentezlenerek analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: 2019 yılında 2,7 milyar liraya yükselen laboratuvar giderlerinin, kamu hastanelerinin toplam gideri içindeki oranı %5,67 düzeyindedir. Volüm ve gelir olarak ilk 25 teste bakıldığında; testlerin genellikle benzer olduğu, farklılıkların ise geri ödeme fiyatlarının yüksekliğinden kaynaklandığı görülmektedir. Dal eğitim ve araştırma hastanelerinde test istem oranı ile test başı giderin fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Yaşlı nüfusun ve ortanca yaşın yüksek olduğu illerde aynı zamanda test istem oranının da fazla olması, kronik hastalık takibinin test istemini artıran bir etken olduğu kanıtı niteliğindedir. Gereksiz test istemleri (D vitamini gibi), hastane giderleri üzerinde önemli bir mali yük oluşturmaktadır.

Sonuç: Türkiye’de laboratuvar giderlerinin sürekli artış göstermesinin nedenlerinden biri olan fazla veya gereksiz test isteminin önüne geçilebilmesi için, akılcı laboratuvar kullanımı projeleri etkin bir şekilde yürütülmelidir. Laboratuvar testlerinin uygunluğunu geliştirmek, sadece maliyet etkinliği sağlamakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda daha fazla klinik fayda ve hasta güvenliğine katkı sağlar.
İlimizde helicobacter pylori sıklığının değerlendirmesi: yedi yıllık çalışma
Authors: BAHÇECİ İlkay , YILDIZ İlknur Esen
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Helicobacter pylori’ (H.pylori) ye bağlı gelişen gastrit dünyada birçok ülkede yaygın olup insanda en sık görülen kronik enfeksiyonların başında gelmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından H. pylori’nin, mide karsinogenezisinin etyolojisinde temel rol aldığının bildirilmesiyle birlikte tüm dikkatler üzerine çevrilmiştir. Çalışmada ilimizdeki H.pylori pozitifliği sıklığı ve yıllar içindeki dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 01.01.2013 ile 31.12.2019 tarihleri arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi (RTEÜ) Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına rutinde gelen gaita örneklerin kayıtlarının retrospektif olarak taranması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm klinik birimlerden gelen gaita örnekleri kabul edilmiş olup gelen numuneler kromatografik immünoassay bir test olan Rapid Cassette Test (Feces) (Acro, Biotech, Germany) kitleri ile hızlı antijen testleri üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda çalışılmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 8551 hastaya ait örnek çalışıldı. 806 tanesinin sonucu pozitif olarak sonuçlandı. Çalışılan örneklerin 5270’i (%61,6) kadın hastalara aitti. Bireylerin yaş ortalaması erkeklerde ±33.4 kadınlarda ±66.6 olup yaş ortalaması ±47.2 idi. Yıllar içindeki H. pylori pozitiflik sıklığı yaklaşık %1,2 -%21,2 arasında olup ortalaması %8,9 olarak bulundu.

Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda ilimizdeki H.pylori sıklığının ülke ortalamasının altında olduğunun görülmesine karşın yıllar içindeki sıklık artışı dikkat çekiciydi. Tanıda kullanılan hızlı antijen testi hızlı, güvenilir, basit olmasına karşın yanlış negatifliklere neden olabileceği de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Challenges and development directions of membrane bioreactors operated on passenger ships in international shipping
Authors: Trzciński Karol , Zielińska Magdalena
Published: September 2021

In membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, the activated sludge method is integrated with the separation of solid particles by ultrafiltration (UF). The technology ensures a high effluent quality, a shortened hydraulic retention time and a long sludge age that promotes slowly growing microorganisms and low sludge production. These advantages and the modular construction mean that MBRs have started to treat wastewater generated on passenger ships to adjust the treatment systems to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. The aim of this paper is to present operational aspects of MBRs treating wastewater generated on ships, which are different from the aspects of MBR operation on land. This paper describes the consequences of separate treatment of gray wastewater (from showers, washing machines and kitchens) and black wastewater (from toilets), and of discontinuous flow of wastewater resulting from very high variability in the passenger numer and the use of the MBR as a ship ballast element. The possibility of introducing a water recovery technology using the existing infrastructure on passenger ships as well as the hybrid UF/reverse osmosis technology is presented. The findings demonstrated that gray effluent may be reused for marine main engine cooling jackets of high and low temperature, ship boilers or ship laundry.
Effect of the solvent on the extraction of polyphenols from distillery stillage and on their antioxidant activity
Authors: Mikucka Wioleta , Zielińska Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The increase in the costs of storage and disposal of post-production residues has resulted in the search for new directions for their recycling, which is closely related to the necessity of protecting the natural environment and promoting a circular economy. Moreover, the apparent interest shown by the food market in raw materials with high antioxidant activity implies an increasing use of by-products. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the type and concentration of the solvent on the efficiency of extracting polyphenols from distillery stillage as well as their antioxidant activity by using several solvents: methanol:water (70:30 v/v), methanol:water (100:0 v/v), ethanol:water (70:30 v/v) or ethanol:water (100:0 v/v). The DPPH radical method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts. The normalised variable (NV) and statistical measure (MS) were determined, based on which the effectiveness of the solvents was evaluated. The highest polyphenolic content and the antioxidant activity were obtained by using ethanol:water (70:30 v/v) as a solvent in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from distillery stillage.
Comparison of the antioxidant potential of some herbal teas produced from ecological and traditional crops
Authors: Wira Daria , Zielonka-Brzezicka Joanna , Muzykiewicz-Szymańska Anna , Klimowicz Adam
Published: September 2021

The growing public awareness of the dangers regarding chemicals used in traditional agriculture has led to consumers seeking valuable and contaminant-free products. Ecological agriculture has become synonymous with high health value and product safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the total polyphenolic content of infusions of herbal tea bags and loose teas from traditional crops, as well as infusions of loose teas from ecological crops. Raw material comprised dried flowers of Matricaria chamomilla and Tilia cordata, as well as dried leaves of Urtica dioica, Melissa officinalis and Mentha piperita. Herbal infusions were prepared using three brewing times: 5, 10 and 20 min. The analysis of antioxidant potential was performed using in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The polyphenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity of the studied tea infusion depended on the method by which the plants were cultivated and the brewing time. The ecological agriculture conditions seem not to stimulate the synthesis of antioxidants. However, the possibility to obtain other beneficial properties of the studied plants is an indication to carry out ecological cultivation.
Educar en nuevos tiempos
Authors: Aponte Elsa
Published: September 2021

Educar, ante todo, invita al maestro a conocerse a sí mismo, porque es su propia historia la que se hace presente en el encuentro con los otros. El saber pedagógico, construido desde la experiencia, se va creando tanto desde la teoría como desde la práctica con el fin de guiar a otros; se adapta en el espacio y el tiempo de tal forma que represente seguridad para la comunidad, lo cual construye una atmósfera que reproduce formas culturales. A través de la inmersión en este entorno, además, se forja la seguridad para actuar en un sistema que resulta familiar e institucional, sin peligros aparentes, y se apropian acciones políticamente correctas, las cuales fabrican estereotipos que regulan y controlan posibles brotes de irracionalidad.
THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR MONITORING PURPOSES IN CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brasov, Braşov, Romania, BORICEANU Anca-Maria
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to present some of the applications that are currently using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring activities in the civilian sector. The domains of use that are detailed in the article were chosen specifically because UAVs have a significant contribution to the increase of their productivity. Each of them is presented in order to highlight the high complexity of the monitoring activities involved, the disadvantages of the methods that are currently in use, as well as the benefits of using UAVs for these tasks. Furthermore, the methods that are most commonly used and have achieved the best results in the researches conducted in the field are mentioned and reviewed
ELECTRIC GENERATOR POWERED BY A GYROSCOPIC SYSTEM - A THEORETICAL APPROACH
Authors:   “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania, GHERMAN Laurian , PEARSICA Marian ,   “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, Brasov, Romania
Published: September 2021

The development of our society now depends on electrical energy and the demand for electrical power increases yearly. Due to the vast amount of carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere by conventional power plants and the negative influence on the climate, new ways of producing electricity must be developed. A gyroscope consists of a spinning flywheel of mass m mounted in a suspension frame that allows the flywheel’s axle to point in any direction. In this analysis, one end of the axle is supported by a pylon situated at a distance R from the center of mass of the spinning flywheel. In order to generate electrical energy at this low speed, the same approach should be used as in wind power electrical generators. In this case, the wind and propeller are substituted by a gyroscopic system and gravitational attraction. Based on the conservation of angular momentum, the gravitational attraction can be used to create a precession strong enough to provide the energy and torque necessary to activate an electric generator similar to those in wind power generators. Instead of recovering the energy from this kinetic energy, we can use the precession rotation created by gravitational attraction to create the necessary kinetic energy.
Pesquisa e inovação responsáveis: conceituação, surgimento e desafios para implementação
Authors: Zanin Maria , Arruda Adriana Gonçalves , Rothberg Danilo
Published: September 2021

Atualmente, há uma demanda para se produzir ciência de forma participativa, já que agentes da sociedade – pesquisadores, legisladores, políticos, educadores, empreendedores e cidadãos – deveriam se engajar no processo da produção científica (desde a construção da agenda até a concretização do projeto e resultados) com o intuito de fomentar a construção de uma sociedade responsável com o futuro. Os desafios deste contexto têm sido objeto de abordagens teóricas de Responsible Research and Innovation (traduzido por Pesquisa e Inovação Responsáveis), que este artigo descreve, examina e contextualiza no cenário atual. A metodologia engloba revisões bibliométrica e bibliográfica, utilizadas a fim de facilitar a compreensão da disseminação do conceito nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa (Brasil), além de resgatar o contexto da PIR, explorar suas conceituações e princípios. Buscou-se refletir sobre os desafios da implementação da PIR no Brasil. Espera-se contribuir para o diálogo da PIR no País e suscitar reflexões sobre a importância de aplicá-la para fortalecer agentes e iniciativas responsáveis nos âmbitos socioeconômico e ambiental.
Internacionalização de artigos científicos: estudo dos autores de uma universidade brasileira
Authors: Rodrigues Rosângela Schwarz , Abadal Ernest , Neubert Patrícia da Silva , Navas-Fernandez Miguel
Published: September 2021

Publicação em periódicos científicos é crucial para os esforços de internacionalização de pesquisadores e instituições. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a internacionalização dos periódicos nos quais publicam os autores vinculados a uma universidade classificada entre as dez melhores do Brasil, com base nos seguintes objetivos específicos: a) identificar os idiomas dos artigos; b) descrever a distribuição dos títulos e editoras; e c) identificar o tipo de acesso dos principais títulos. Este estudo bibliométrico e multidimensional coletou dados na WoS e nos websites dos periódicos. Os resultados mostram que o total de publicações em periódicos dobrou entre 2010 e 2019, com destaque para o crescimento das Social Sciences. No geral, 83% dos artigos são publicados em inglês, sendo que nas Physical Sciences o percentual chega a 96%. A maioria dos artigos é publicada em títulos de editoras comerciais, exceto nas áreas de Ciências Sociais e Humanidades, em que prevalecem as universidades. A editora com maior número de artigos e de periódicos é a Elsevier. O título com maior número de artigos no período é o PLOS One, seguido de vários títulos brasileiros em acesso aberto. A conclusão mostra notável diversidade de comportamento entre as áreas do conhecimento, o que aponta a necessidade de definir claramente o que seria internacionalização para cada uma. O predomínio das editoras comerciais em número de artigos e títulos, lideradas pela Elsevier, mostra a evasão dos registros da ciência pagos com recursos públicos “periféricos” para a guarda de empresas ligadas ao oligopólio das publicações da ciência.
Mediação, comunicação e informação: a centralidade do sujeito e a produção da racionalidade neoliberal
Authors: Martins Ana Amélia Lage
Published: September 2021

Nas perspectivas de compreensão da informação e comunicação sob a ótica das mediações o sujeito ocupa um lugar central. Ao identificar a agência e o sujeito como fundamento principal do pensamento sobre as mediações desde Martín-Barbero, grande influência dos campos da Comunicação e Ciência da Informação latino-americanas, o artigo discute como a incorporação de uma certa ideia de mediação e a incidência sob a produção de subjetividades, pelo capitalismo, são questões que trazem chaves de leitura importantes para pensar a mediação, a comunicação e a informação, especialmente no neoliberalismo atual.
Teoria do efeito de teoria: reflexões sobre a organização do conhecimento no campo das Museologias contemporâneas
Authors: Britto Clovis Carvalho
Published: September 2021

O artigo propõe reflexões sobre as diferentes tendências do conhecimento museológico contemporâneo e evidencia alguns dos interesses envoltos nos processos de elaboração, recepção e formação de epistemologias no exercício de (des) construção de Museologias do fazer museológico. Pautado no conceito de “teoria do efeito de teoria” elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu, o texto apresenta algumas das estratégias de conformação de um campo do conhecimento estabelecidas entre a imaginação museal e a imaginação científica. Seguindo essa orientação, o objetivo é realizar mapeamentos de algumas tentativas de classificação de eixos teóricos ou matrizes discursivas que configuram o pensamento museológico contemporâneo. No cenário das Museologias essa atitude metapoética ganhou força a partir da segunda metade do século XX com reflexões sobre os marcos políticos, (po)éticos e epistemológicos a inspirar novas práticas museológicas e reorientar os protocolos de leitura científica. A metodologia se sustenta em análise bibliográfica, tendo como fonte as tendências do conhecimento museológico evidenciadas em literatura museológica nacional e internacional, com ênfase nos artigos que integram o dossiê “Museus e Museologia: aportes teóricos na contemporaneidade”, publicado na Revista Museologia & Interdisciplinaridade, da Universidade de Brasília, Brasil, em 2020.
KÜLTÜR VE HALKLA İLİŞKİLER İLİŞKİSİ: HALKLA İLİŞKİLER AKADEMİSYENLERİNİN ALANA İLİŞKİN DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ
Authors: GÜNER KOÇAK Pınar , AKDAĞ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Kültür genel olarak tüm yaşayış şeklini, inançları, gelenek ve görenekleri kapsayan bir kavramdır. İletişim vasıtasıyla aktarılır ve sürdürülür. Bu sebeple iletişim bilimleri içinde oldukça önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin başarısında hedef kitlenin inançları, değerleri, normları, örf ve adetleri, gündelik yaşayış şekilleri özetle kültürü oldukça önemli olmaktadır. Bu sebeple kültürün halkla ilişkiler ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi bu araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda halkla ilişkiler ve kültür arasında nasıl bir ilişki bulunduğu çalışmanın temel problemi olarak somutlaştırılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kültür ve halkla ilişkiler arasındaki ilişkiden hareket edilerek, Türk kültürünün ve dinamiklerinin halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri üzerindeki etkisi, Türk kültürünün iletişim yapısının Doğu ve Batı toplumlarıyla benzerlik ve farklılıklarının ortaya konulması da amaçlanmıştır. Halkla ilişkiler ile kültür arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla Türkiye’de halkla ilişkiler alanında eğitim veren akademisyenlerin algılarını, bilgilerini ve deneyimlerini birinci ağızdan elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde anlamlandırmak için uzman görüşme analizi ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak betimleyici bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak kültürün halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinde belirleyici olduğu, yürütülen faaliyetlerin şekillenmesinde, uygulayıcıların tercih ettikleri medya ve mesaj stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türk kültürünün iletişim yapısının, ülkenin siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel koşullarına göre şekillendiğini ve farklı ülkelerle ve kültürlerle kıyaslama yapıldığında öncelikle bu koşulların farklılığını göz önünde bulundurarak bir değerlendirme yapılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca halkla ilişkilerdeki en ideal yöntem olarak düşünülen iki yönlü simetrik iletişim yapısının her toplumda ve kültürde aynı şekilde işlemeyeceği de elde edilen çıktılardandır.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM ARACI OLARAK SOSYAL MEDYA: ÖZEL OKULLARIN INSTAGRAM HESAPLARINA YÖNELİK İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: GÜRSOY PAKKAN Birgül , TOPUZ SAVAŞ Ayla
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir il merkezinde K12 kapsamında eğitim veren, en çok takipçiye sahip özel okulların Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımların pandemi temelinde belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Covid-19’un Türkiye’de vaka olarak ilk görüldüğü tarih olan 11 Mart 2020 ve çalışmanın başladığı tarih olan 4 Aralık tarih aralığında, 3 özel okulun (Gelişim Okulları, TED Koleji, Bahçeşehir Koleji) resmi Instagram hesaplarındaki paylaşımlar değerlendirilmiş ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Veriler; pandemi ile ilgili olanlar ve olmayanlar olarak iki gruba ayrılmış ve her grup aşağıdaki kategoriler doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Bu kategoriler şunlardır; duyuru, hizmet ve önlemlere yönelik paylaşımlar, akademik başarı ve etkinliklere yönelik paylaşımlar, sosyal-kültürel alan başarılarına ve etkinliklere yönelik paylaşımlar, sosyal sorumluluğa yönelik paylaşımlar, sportif başarı ve etkinliklerine yönelik paylaşımlar, rehberlik hizmetlerine yönelik paylaşımlar. Toplamda 1568 paylaşım kodlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda okulların pandemi ile ilgili olmayan paylaşımlara daha fazla ağırlık verdiği, ancak pandeminin özel okulların Instagram hesaplarını önemli ölçüde etkilediği söylenebilir. Araştırma, özel okullar temelinde pandemi döneminde yapılan bir kurumsal iletişim aracı olarak Instagram paylaşımların içeriğine, pandeminin ne şekilde yansıdığının belirlenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır.
FACEBOOK’TA YAYINLANAN HABERLERDE NEFRET SÖYLEMİ ÜRETİMİ: KUZEY KIBRIS’TA İLK COVID-19 VAKASI VE ALMAN TURİSTLER
Authors: ÖZE Nuran , GÜLCAN Kadir , GİLANLIOĞLU Enver
Published: September 2021

Yaşamın her alanındaki dijitalleşme iletişim biçimlerini de dönüştürmüştür. İnternet tabanlı iletişim platformları yeni medya açısından değerlendirildiğinde bireyleri pasif dinleyici/ izleyici konumdan aktif yani düşüncelerini kolaylıkla paylaşabileceği konuma getirmiştir. Fakat internet ortamında yayınlanan haberlerle ilgili bireylerin yaptığı yorumları her daim ifade özgürlüğü olarak adlandırmak mümkün değildir. Covid-19’un pandemi ilan edilmesi ile birlikte sosyal ağlarda yayınlanan haberlerde dünya genelinde bir nefret söylemihakim olmuştur. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta ilk Covid-19 vakası Alman vatandaşı bir turistte saptanmış ve karantina süresi boyunca bu olay medyada gündem olmuştur. Bu çalışma 10 Mart-1 Nisan 2020 tarihlerini kapsayan dönemde Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta Alman vatandaşı turistlerle ilgili Facebook’ta yayınlanan haber başlıkları ve haber gönderilerinin altına yapılan kullanıcı yorumları incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Kıbrıs, Yenidüzen, Gündem Kıbrıs ve Kıbrıs Postası haber sitelerince paylaşılan haberler içerik analizi ile tematik olarak tablolaştırılmıştır. Ardından yapılan bazı dikkat çekici yorumlar Barthes’ın söylem analizine göre incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ifade özgürlüğü ekseninde nefret söyleminin tartışılması ve bağlamında Alman turistlere yönelik oluşturulan milliyetçi nefret söylemleri tespit edilmeye çalışmıştır.
KİŞİLERARASI İLETİŞİMİN FİRMALARA GÜVEN ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ: GÜMÜŞHANE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ALBAN Merve Yağmur , ÇALIŞIR Gülsüm
Published: September 2021

İletişim kavramı tüm canlılar için geçerli olan evrensel bir durumdur. Kişilerarası iletişim ise duygu, düşünce ve bilgi alışverişinin insanlar arasında gerçekleştirilmesidir. Bu iletişim türünde araç, insandır. İnsanlar karşılıklı iletişim kurarak birbirlerini anlamaktadır. İletişimi doğru ve etkili biçimde gerçekleştirmek hem kendimizi daha iyi anlatmayı hem de karşıdaki insanı daha iyi anlamayı sağlamaktadır. İnsanlar doğru ve etkili iletişimi kurabildikten sonra neredeyse her alanda başarılı olmaktadır. Toplumsal hayatın uzantısı olan iş hayatında da güven kavramı büyük öneme sahiptir. Toplumsal varlık hakkındaki birçok araştırma kişilerarası güveni, firmalara güven için de ön şart olarak görmektedir. Toplumsal varlık teorisi her çeşit yapıyı içinde barındırarak insanların yardımlaşmasını ve diğer insanlara güvenmesini öğretir. Söz konusu insanlar firmalara ihtiyaç duyarken, seçilecek olan firmaya öncelik olarak güvenmek ister. Güvenin ön şartı olarak kabul edilebilen doğru iletişim, o firmaya çeşitli olanaklar sağlayabilmektedir. Kişilerarası iletişimi kuvvetli olan bir firma, müşteriyi daha iyi anlayıp kendilerini daha kolay anlatabilecek; böylece insanların o firmaya karşı güvenleri artacaktır. Çalışmada firmaların müşterilerle gerçekleştirdikleri iletişimlerinde aralarında kurulan güven ilişkisinin ne yönde olduğu incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, firmaların kişilerarası iletişimde başarılı olduklarında bu durumun müşterilerin o firmaya olan güvenlerine nasıl yansıdığını tespit etmektir. Çalışma Gümüşhane’de yapıldığından çalışmanın evrenini Gümüşhane’de yaşayan 18 yaş üstü insanlar; örneklemini ise kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen firmaların müşterileri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada kişilerarası iletişimin firmalara güven üzerindeki etkisinin büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kişilerarası iletişimin firmalara güven duygusunun oluşumu konusunda böyle bir çalışmaya daha önce ulaşılmamış olması bakımından çalışmaya özgün değer kattığı görülmektedir.