bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Humanities in the Medical Curriculum: Medical Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Petrou Loukia , Mittelman Emma , Osibona Oluwapelumi , Panahi Mona , Harvey Joanna M , Patrick Yusuf A A , Leedham-Green Kathleen E
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe humanities have long been shown to play an important role in the medical school curriculum. However, few studies have looked into the opinions of medical students on the usefulness and necessity of the humanities as well as their extracurricular involvement with them. The aim of this study was to: a) understand medical students’ attitude towards the humanities in medical education and b) assess their understanding of the necessary qualities of doctors and how interaction with the humanities affects the development of such attributes. MethodsA mixed methods survey was designed to elicit demographics, engagement, interest and perspective on curricular positioning, and to explore how students ranked the qualities of a doctor. It was distributed to medical students of all year groups in the 6-year bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery (MBBS) course at Imperial College London. Results109 fully completed questionnaires were received. No significant difference was found in engagement or interest in the humanities between genders. Students felt strongly that humanities subjects shouldn’t be assessed (71:18) though some felt it was necessary for engagement, while no consensus was reached on whether these subjects should be elective or not (38:31). The majority of students wanted more medical humanities to be incorporated into the traditional medical course with a preference of incorporation into the first 3 years. Junior medical students were more likely to rank empathy as a highly desirable attribute than senior students. Students provided qualitative insights into curricular positioning, assessment and value.ConclusionsThis study provides the perspective of medical students on how and whether the humanities should be positioned in medical education. It may be helpful to medical schools that are committed to student involvement in curriculum design.
Relating Gut Microbiome and Its Modulating Factors to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Chengliang , Li Meizhang , Liu Ben , Zhu Huanbo , Dai Qun , Fan Xianming , Mehta Kathan , Huang Chao , Neupane Prakash , Wang Fen , Sun Weijing , Umar Shahid , Zhong Cuncong , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2020

Background: Gut microbiome is proved to affect the activity of immunotherapy in certain tumors. However, little is known if there is universal impact on both the treatment response and adverse effects (AEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across multiple solid tumors, and whether such impact can be modulated by common gut microbiome modifiers, such as antibiotics and diet.Methods: A systematic search in PubMed followed by stringent manual review were performed to identify clinical cohort studies that evaluated the relevance of gut microbiome to ICIs (response and/or AEs, 12 studies), or association of antibiotics with ICIs (17 studies), or impact of diet on gut microbiome (16 studies). Only original studies published in English before April 1st, 2020 were used. Qualified studies identified in the reference were also included.Results: At the phylum level, patients who had enriched abundance in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia almost universally had better response from ICIs, whereas those who were enriched in Proteobacteria universally presented with unfavorable outcome. Mixed correlations were observed for Bacteroidetes in relating to treatment response. Regarding the AEs, Firmicutes correlated to higher incidence whereas Bacteroidetes were clearly associated with less occurrence. Interestingly, across various solid tumors, majority of the studies suggested a negative association of antibiotic use with clinical response from ICIs, especially within 1-2 month prior to the initiation of ICIs. Finally, we observed a significant correlation of plant-based diet in relating to the enrichment of “ICI-favoring” gut microbiome (P = 0.0476).Conclusions: Gut microbiome may serve as a novel modifiable biomarker for both the treatment response and AEs of ICIs across various solid tumors. Further study is needed to understand the underlying mechanism, minimize the negative impact of antibiotics on ICIs, and gain insight regarding the role of diet so that this important lifestyle factor can be harnessed to improve the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy partly through its impact on gut microbiome.
Photoelectronic Properties of End-bonded InAsSb Nanowire Array Detector under Weak Light
Authors: Yao Xiaomei , Zhang Xutao , Kang Tingting , Song Zhiyong , Sun Qiang , Wei Dongdong , Zou Jin , Chen Pingping
Published: September 2020

A simple and low-cost fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The MIGS (metal-induced gap states) is induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field, thus upgrade the photo responsivity and photo detectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81×1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the non-linear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system.
Effect evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions taken in China to contain the COVID-19 epidemic based on the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xin , Shou Ming-Huan , Lou Wen-Qian
Published: September 2020

The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had resulted in 16 million infected individuals and 640000 deaths across the world as of July 27, 2020. Unfortunately, there is still no sign that the epidemic spread is slowing down. China, as the first country suffering from the widespread outbreak of the epidemic, has effectively contained the spread of the epidemic since March, 2020. Therefore, confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 20 to March 18, 2020 were taken as the sample set to establish the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model. The model was used to analyze changes in the numbers of individuals becoming infected, exposed (latently infected), susceptible, and recovered in the experimental groups taking different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and in the control group not taking any NPIs, so as to evaluate effects of different NPIs. By doing so, the research expects to provide references to other countries for formulating corresponding policies. The results show that type-A NPIs for reducing daily contacts with infected and exposed cases and type-B NPIs for decreasing the probability of post-exposure infections both can delay the timing of large-scale infections of the susceptible population, timing of the number of exposed individuals to peak, and timing of peaking of the number of infected cases, as well as decrease the peak number of exposed cases. Moreover, type-B NPIs have more significant effects on susceptible and exposed populations. Type-C NPIs for improving the recovery rate of patients are able to effectively reduce the peak number of patients, greatly decrease the slope of the curve for the number of infected cases, substantially improve the recovery rate, and lower the mortality rate; however, these NPIs do not greatly delay the timing of the number of infected cases to peak. In addition to these, considering effects of different NPIs on the susceptible and exposed populations and in delaying the timing for the number of infected cases to peak, it is found that the government’s organization of medical supply related companies to resume production exerts the best effect. As for reducing the epidemic number of patients in the core epidemic area (CEA, Hubei Province), delivery and putting-into-operation of Leishenshan hospital shows the best effect, followed by dispatching of medical staff to support Wuhan, delivery and putting-into-operation of Huoshenshan hospital, and construction of mobile cabin hospitals.
The First Case of Invasive Bacteroides Dorei Infection Detected in a Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm Patient-Raising A Rebellion of Major Indigenous Bacteria in Humans: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Matsuoka Takayuki , Shimizu Takuya , Minagawa Tadanori , Hiranuma Wakiko , Takeda Miki , Kakuta Risako , Kawamoto Shunsuke
Published: September 2020

Background: Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Due to the high similarity in mass spectrum patterns between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria to the genus and species levels, including B. dorei and B. vulgatus. Accordingly, B. dorei has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. Nevertheless, there are no reports on invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei. This report describes the first case of B. dorei presenting direct invasion and colonisation into human tissue, providing a warning for the previously proposed application of B. dorei as live biotherapeutics for atherosclerotic diseases.Case presentation: A 78-year-old man admitted with suspicion for mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm was diagnosed by enhanced computed tomography scan, exhibiting the appearance of infection and dissection at the distal aortic arch. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition worsened. For the prevention of aneurysmal rupture and elimination of infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment, and the resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was B. dorei/vulgatus and B. dorei, respectively. The patient was successfully treated by appropriate antibacterial therapy, improved and was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation at postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of symptoms after the patient transfer.Conclusions: This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei, casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes can Promote Root Hair Development Through Nitric Oxide and Ethylene Pathways
Authors: Zhao Gan , Zhao Yingying , Lou Wang , Abdalmegeed Dyaaaldin , Guan Rongzhan , Shen Wenbiao
Published: September 2020

Background: Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the risk of polluting the ecological system, it still cannot deny its huge potential in agriculture. Studying the effects of CNTs on plant growth will help to make new assessments of the application of CNTs in agriculture. Results: Here, we observed that the stimulation of plant root hair growth triggered by multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) with appropriate concentrations is a universal event; however, low or excessive had no significant effect or even inhibition. Further results showed that MWCNTs could enter rapeseed root cells. Meanwhile, nitrate reductase (NR)-dependent nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene syntheses, as well as root hair formation were significantly stimulated by MWCNTs. Transcription of root hair growth related genes were also modulated. Above responses were obviously blocked by the removal of endogenous NO and ethylene with a scavenger of NO or NO/ethylene synthetic inhibitors. Similarly, MWCNTs-triggered root hair growth was obviously impaired in ein2-5 and ein3-1, two ethylene-insensitive mutants, and nia1/2, a nitric reductase defective mutant, but not in noa1 mutant, with impaired in NO-associated protein 1. Further molecular data placed NR-dependent NO synthesis linearly before ethylene production in root hair development triggered by MWCNTs.Conclusion: Above results revealed that MWCNTs could promote root hair growth. Ethylene and NR-dependent NO were required for MWCNTs-induced root hair morphogenesis via regulating genes related to root hair development, and ethylene might act downstream of NO in this process. Since root hair is one of important components for root organogenesis, above findings open a new window for the possible usage of CNTs in agriculture.
Is Electrocardiogram Helpful in Predicting Positive Troponin I Due to Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity?
Authors: Panakkal Benny Jose , Muneer Kader , Dubey Gajendra , Ajayakumar T K , Sajeev C G , Krishnan M N
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVEScreening patients on anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens for the development of cardiotoxicity can be resource intensive. We therefore studied various traditional ECG parameters to correlate and possibly predict the development of positive Troponin I as a surrogate marker of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.METHODSThis was a single centre prospective cohort study done between Januray 2014 to January 2016. Baseline ECG was compared with ECG done after chemotherapy and different parameters were compared. Patients were divided into Troponin I positve and negative groups based on the test performed at the end of chemotherapy using a cut-off of 0.06 ng/dL.RESULTSOf the 160 patients studied, 131 (81.9%) were Troponin I negative (TnI-) and 29 (18.1%) were positive (TnI+). Breast cancer accounted for 79% of all cancers in this study. Many ECG parameters where compared between TnI- and TnI+ groups. Of them, TP and TP/QT showed a significant decrease in the TnI+ group. The mean (95% CI) TP in TnI- group was 162.9 (145.4, 180.4) and in TnI+ groups was 117.9 (89, 146.8), p = 0.03. Corresponding values for TP/QT were 0.47 (0.42, 0.51) and 0.35 (0.27, 0.42), p = 0.02. These changes were not significant in multivariate analysis and likely reflected the different mean heart rates (HR) in both the groups as shown by Pearson’s partial correlation which was run with HR as confounder.CONCLUSIONSECG parameters like QTcH, TP and TP/QT are not helpful in predicting Troponin I elevations in patients on anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Further studies based on hard endpoints like clinical systolic dysfunction occuring at one year would give better information on their utility.
Functional Group Decomposition of Multiple Coronaviruses on Variant Maps
Authors: Du Liuyun , Zheng Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

Different coronaviruses can be identified as three categories: common coronaviruses, fatal coronaviruses, and domestic coronaviruses. It is convenient to generate various visual results for their RNA sequences on variant maps. In this paper, a functional group measurement method is proposed to combine discrete mathematics and computational technologies on the A2 module of the MAS. Various samples are processed by this scheme and interesting results can be observed. The projections of the segmented groups on each coronavirus compared with the projective effects on different coronaviruses in 2D maps of coordinate systems are shown by statistical measures on the density matrix with similarity and dissimilarity properties for further exploration.
CURB-65 plus Hypoalbuminemia: a new score system for prediction of the in-hospital mortality risk in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Borrazzo Cristian , Cancelli Francesca , Franchi Cristiana , Carnevalini Martina , Galardo Gioacchino , Alessandroni Maria , Urso Fabrizio , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Pugliese Francesco , Mastroianni Claudio M , Venditti Mario
Published: September 2020

Introduction: There is the need of a simple but highly reliable score system for stratifying the risk of mortality and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) transfer in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the Emergency Room. Purpose: In this study, the ability of CURB-65, extended CURB-65, PSI and CALL scores and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) to predict intra-hospital mortality and ICU admission in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated.Methods: During March-May 2020, a retrospective, single-center study including all consecutive adults patients with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was conducted. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data as well as CURB-65, expanded CURB-65, PSI and CALL scores were calculated based on data recorded at hospital admission. Results: Overall, 224 patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. As for intra-hospital mortality (24/224, 11%), PSI performed better than all the other tested scores, which showed lower AUC values (AUC=0.890 for PSI versus AUC=0.885, AUC=0.858 and AUC=0.743 for expanded CURB-65, CURB-65 and CALL scores, respectively). Of note, the addition of hypoalbuminemia to the CURB-65 score increased the prediction value of intra-hospital mortality (AUC=0.905). All the tested scores performed worse in predicting the need of ICU transfer (26/224, 12%), with the best AUC for extended CURB-65 score (AUC= 0.708).Conclusion: The addition of albumin level to the easy-to-calculate CURB-65 score at hospital admission is able to improve the quality of prediction of intra-hospital mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Forecasting COVID-19 Outbreak Progression Using Hybrid Polynomial-Bayesian Ridge Regression Model
Authors: Saqib Mohd
Published: September 2020

In 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2) Coronavirus, unforeseen pandemic put humanity at big risk and health professionals are facing several kinds of problem due to rapid growth of confirmed cases. That is why some prediction methods are required to estimate the magnitude of infected cases and masses of studies on distinct methods of forecasting are represented so far. In this study, we proposed a hybrid machine learning model that is not only predicted with good accuracy but also takes care of uncertainty of predictions. The model is formulated using Bayesian Ridge Regression hybridized with an n-degree Polynomial and uses probabilistic distribution to estimate the value of the dependent variable instead of using traditional methods. This is a completely mathematical model in which we have successfully incorporated with prior knowledge and posterior distribution enables us to incorporate more upcoming data without storing previous data. Also, L2 (Ridge) Regularization is used to overcome the problem of overfitting. To justify our results, we have presented case studies of three countries, –the United States, Italy, and Spain. In each of the cases, we fitted the model and estimate the number of possible causes for the upcoming weeks. Our forecast in this study is based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins University available until 11th May 2020. We are concluding with further evolution and scope of the proposed model.
Mathematical model for determination of kinematic parameters of technological equipment of an active forestry semitrailer
Authors: Нгуен Л.Л. , Као Х.Ж. , Гусейнов Э.М.
Published: September 2020

Кинематический анализ показал, что при существующих геометрических соотношениях щита и его механизма в момент соприкосновения пачки деревьев возможен двойной удар, приводящий к резкому возрастанию нагрузок и разрушению щита. Наличие отрицательного угла задних рычагов затрудняет погрузку пачки деревьев. Разработана математическая модель для определения кинематических параметров технологического оборудования активного лесохозяйственного полуприцепа. Для анализа влияния различных факторов на кинематические параметры движения разработаны блок-схема алгоритма и программа расчетов на языке FORTRAN. Расчеты выполнены применительно к колёсному трактору T-40Л.

Kinematic analysis showed that, with the existing geometric relationships of the shield and its mechanism, a double blow can occur at the time of contact of the bundle of trees, leading to a sharp increase in loads and destruction of the shield. The presence of a negative angle of the rear levers makes it difficult to load a bundle of trees. A mathematical model for determining the kinematic parameters of the technological equipment of an active forestry semitrailer was developed. To analyze the influence of various factors on the kinematic parameters of motion, a block diagram of the algorithm and a FORTRAN calculation program have been developed. The calculations were performed with reference to the T-40L wheeled tractor.
Some results of scoth pine plus trees breeding assessment in progeny trial in Karelia
Authors: Чепик Ф.А. , Щурова М.Л. , Раевский Б.В.
Published: September 2020

В настоящее время испытательные культуры сосны обыкновенной в Прионежском центральном лесничестве (культуры Чепика) являются самым высоковозрастным и хорошо сохранившимся объектом такого рода в Карелии. Анализ таксационных параметров лучших делянок испытательных культур в 30-летнем возрасте показал, что из 107 потомств плюсовых деревьев сосны 17 (15,9%) имели статистически достоверное преимущество по показателям роста относительно общей средней величины для всех остальных вариантов делянки. Их общая комбинационная способность (ОКС) составила по диаметру ствола 13,6% (3,6–28,4%), по объему – 32,8% (8–71,9%). Полученные результаты представляют собой важнейший компонент комплексной селекционно- генетической оценки ПД с целью их отбора в состав лесосеменных плантаций I,5 поколения (повышенной генетической ценности). Тем не менее, сделан вывод, что оценки успешности роста семенного потомства плюсовых деревьев в испытательных культурах обязательно должны быть дополнены оценками особенностей габитуса и репродуктивного потенциала вегетативных потомств этих деревьев на лесосеменных плантациях. Только в этом случае селекционно- генетическую оценку можно считать завершенной. Хотя на ранних этапах онтогенеза сеянцы, принадлежавшие к I и II типам морфогенеза, росли и развивались быстрее остальных, однако на момент проведенного исследования их преимущество в росте не нашло своего статистического подтверждения. По всей видимости, классификация сеянцев по типам морфогенеза не сможет быть полезной в ранней диагностике наследственных свойств и селекционно- генетической оценке плюсовых деревьев сосны.

Nowadays Scotch pine progeny trial laid down in Prionejskiy central lesnichestvo (Chepic plantings) is the oldest and the best one in its way in Karelia. Among 107 progenies investigated at the age of 30 years – 17 ones (15.9%) had statistically significant excess in growth parameters compared with plot’s mean values. These progenies had general combining ability (GCA) equal to 13.6% (3.6–28.4%) in stem diameter and 32.8% (8.0-71.9%) in stem volume. The results obtained in the progeny trial have a crucial value in breeding assessment of plus trees investigated from the point of their selection for seed orchards of the I.5 generation. But it was concluded that estimations given for seed progenies should be necessarily accompained by corresponding grades of habitus features and reproductive ability of the same plus trees vegetative progenies growing at grafted seed orchards. Only in this case breeding assessment could be considered as fully completed. It was revealed that in the early ontogenesis stages saplings belonging to I and II morphogeny types had more rapid growth and development rates concerning vegetative growth and reproductive activity. But by the time of our investigation the differences observed were not statistically sufficient. So evidently morphogeny type clsassification can’t be usefull for early evaluation and breeding assessment purposes.
The dynamics of heating a single piece of high-moisture wood bark located in a dense layer, blown by a hightemperature coolant
Authors: Синицын Н.Н. , Телин Н.В. , Полеводова Л.А.
Published: September 2020

Цель исследования – изучение динамики прогрева одиночного высоковлажного куска древесной коры, находящегося в плотном слое продуваемом высокотемпературным теплоносителем. Проведен анализ энергетического использования древесной коры в процессе ее сжигания слоевым способом в топках теплогенераторов. Выявлены условия эффективного использования древесной коры в качестве топлива. Разработана математическая модель прогрева куска высоковлажной коры древесины, находящегося в плотном слое продуваемом высокотемпературным теплоносителем. Проведено исследование динамики прогрева кусков высоковлажной древесной коры в форме параллелепипеда и эквивалентного шара. Разработана методика оценки времени прогрева куска коры, находящегося в неподвижном нагреваемом плотном слое. Численным методом получены математические зависимости, позволяющие определить время нагрева поверхностного слоя куска коры до температуры начала выхода летучих веществ. Окончательные соотношения приведены к безразмерному виду и выражены через числа Фурье и Коcсовича. Полученные соотношения учитывают геометрические размеры куска коры, его исходную влажность и параметры греющего теплоносителя. Практическим приложением результатов настоящих исследований является организация топочного процесса в котельном агрегате.

The purpose of the study is to study the dynamics of heating a single piece of high – moisture tree bark located in a dense layer of blown, high-temperature coolant. The analysis of the energy use of wood bark in the process of its burning in a layered way in the furnaces of heat generators. The conditions of effective use of wood bark as fuel are revealed. A mathematical model of warming up a piece of high-moisture bark of wood located in a dense layer of blown, high-temperature coolant. The study of the dynamics of warming pieces of high-moisture tree bark in the form of a parallelepiped and an equivalent ball. The method of estimation of time of warming up of a piece of bark which is in a stationary heated dense layer is developed. The mathematical dependences allowing to determine the time of heating the surface layer of a piece of bark to the temperature of the beginning of the exit of volatile substances are obtained by numerical method. The final relations are given to a dimensionless form and expressed in terms of Fourier and Kosovic numbers. The obtained ratios take into account the geometric dimensions of the piece of bark, its initial moisture and the parameters of the heating coolant. Practical application of the results of this research is the organization of the combustion process in the boiler unit.
The effect of urea on the curing of urea formaldehyde resins
Authors: Вьюнков С.Н.
Published: September 2020

Отверждение карбамидоформальдегидных смол с различным мольным соотношением в системе карбамид : формальдегид протекает по разным механизмам. Так, при мольном соотношении карбамид : формальдегид 1 : 2 процесс отверждения направлен в сторону образования межмолекулярных связей – метиленовых и метиленэфирных, о чем свидетельствует снижение содержания гидроскиметильных групп. Введение в смолу карбамида до мольного соотношения карбамид : формальдегид 1 : 1,65 приводит к деструкции метиленэфирных связей под действием амидных групп карбамида, формированию на их месте метиленовых мостиков, образованию мономерных продуктов, которые включают в себя карбамид и его гидроксиметильные производные.

Curing of urea-formaldehyde resins with different molar ratio in the system urea : formaldehyde flows through different mechanisms. Thus, at a molar ratio of urea : formaldehyde 1 : 2, the curing process is directed towards the formation of intermolecular bonds – methylene and methylene-ether, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of hydroksimethyl groups. The introduction of urea into the resin to the molar ratio urea : formaldehyde 1 : 1.65 leads to the destruction of methylene-ether bonds under the action of amide groups of urea, the formation of methylene bridges in their place, the formation of monomer products, which include urea and its hydroskimethyl derivatives.
Probabilistic-statistical estimation of timing modes of skidding and transportation of assortment by a skidder
Authors: Фам Н.Л. , Валяжонков В.Д. , Пушков Ю.Л.
Published: September 2020

Цель исследования – выявление временных режимов работы тракторных колесных сортиментоподборщиков (ТКСП) на выполнении трелевочно- транспортного технологического процесса (ТП) перемещения сортиментов непосредственно с лесосеки потребителю с применением математического моделирования. Для реализации цели разработаны структурная схема затрат времени цикла ТП и комплекс математических моделей – временные режимы работы ТКСП. Экспериментально установлены вероятностно-статистические характеристики временных затрат составляющих цикла доставки сортиментов сортиментоподборщиком МТЗ-952.4 + ONIAR 12Т WD в среднетаежных условиях Северо-Запада. Для выявления характера и степени влияния длины пути и скорости при грузовом движении данного ТКСП в приведенных условиях на общие затраты времени цикла ТП получено множественное нелинейное регрессионное уравнение.

The purpose of the article is to identify temporary modes of operation wheeled tractor selector assortment (WTSA) on the performance of the logging process (LP) movement of assortments directly from the cutting area to the consumer using mathematical modeling. To accomplish the goal, a structural scheme of cycle time costs LP and a set of mathematical models of temporal modes of operation WTSA. The probabilistic-statistical characteristics of the time-consuming components of the cycle of delivery of assortments by selector assortment MTW-952.4 + ONIAR 12Т WD in the mid-taiga conditions of the North-West. To identify the nature and extent of the influence of the length of the path and speed during the freight movement of the WTSA in the above conditions on the total cost of cycle time LP obtained multiple nonlinear regression equation.
Biology features of Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia
Authors: Петров А.В. , Штапова Н.Н.
Published: September 2020

Цель исследования изучение биологических особенностей редкого вида ксилофильных насекомых Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890. Фенология этого вида изучена недостаточно на всем протяжении ареала. Изучение короеда в Туркменистане, Дагестане и лесостепи Воронежской области (Филиал Теллермановское опытное лесничество Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Института лесоведения Российской академии наук, ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН) позволило выявить несовпадение периодов лёта жуков, сроков развития личинок и куколок S. koenigi. В северных районах ареала этого вида в условиях Прихоперья лёт жуков протекает в период со второй декады июля по первую декаду августа. Личинки зимуют. Окукливание происходит с первой декады июня по вторую декаду июля. Генерация одногодовая. Вид является олигофагом клена (Acer). В насаждениях ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН он отмечался только на клене остролистном (Acer platanoides L.). Изучены основные популяционные показатели S. koenigi в лесах ТОЛ ИЛАН РАН: длина маточного хода (13 47 мм), плотность поселения (0,01 3 маточных ходов/дм2) и выживаемость (41 94). Смертность S. koenigi на этапе заселения деревьев определялась жуками Clerus mutillarius Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cleridae), в фазе личинки S. koenigi личинками C. mutillarius и паразитическими Braconidae.

We aimed to study biological features of Scolytus koenigi Schevyrew, 1890, a rare xylophilous insect species. Phenology of the species is insufficiently studied throughout the distribution range. It was found that adult emergence periods as well as larvae and pupae development duration differ between Turkmenistan, Dagestan, and foreststeppe zone of Voronezh Province (Branch of Institute of Forest Science Russian Academy of Sciences Tellerman Experimental Forest District RAS, TEF RAS). In the northern parts of the range, namely in Khoper River basin, flight of beetles occurs from the second decade of July and lasts up to the first decade of August. Larvae is the overwintering stage. Pupation occurs from the first decade of June and lasts up to the second decade of July. There is one generation per year. The species breeds on different maple species (Acer spp.). In the stands of TEF RAS the species was only recorded on Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). The main population parameters of S. koenigi in TEF RAS are as follows: length of gallery is from 13 to 47 mm, settlement density is from 0.01 to 3 egg gall./ dm2, generation survival is from 41 to 94. Mortality of S. koenigi during the tree infestation is attributed to the predator beetle Clerus mutillarius Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and at the larval stage mortality was mainly influenced by C. mutillarius larvae and parasitic Braconidae.
The problem of the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Щербакова Л.Н. , Шевченко С.В. , Мощеникова Н.Б.
Published: September 2020

В последние десятилетия в насаждениях СанктПетербурга наблюдается катастрофическое усыхание вязов в связи с развитием голландской болезни. Генетические исследования показали, что в СанктПетербурге обнаружены два вида возбудителя голландской болезни вязов Оphiostoma ulmi и О. novoulmi. Приводится динамика количества очагов голландской болезни на территории СанктПетербурга с 2009 по 2017 г. с разбивкой на возникающие, действующие и затухающие очаги. В настоящее время вырубка пораженных вязов не соответствует рекомендациям специалистов и не приводит к ограничению распространения графиоза. В работе уточнены рекомендации по повышению эффективности метода санитарных рубок в борьбе с эпифитотией голландской болезни вязов.

In the recent decade, Dutch elm disease epiphytotic has been inducing catastrophic elms dieback in Saint Petersburg. Genetic studies showed that there are two fungi species causing the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg, namely Оphiostoma ulmi and О. novoulmi. Anthropogenic factor affects tree defense and favors the spread of the disease. The dynamics of the disease centers in SaintPetersburg during 2009 2017 is presented. The disease centers are categorized as commencing, in effect, and ceasing. Currently, random cutting of the diseased or dead elms without recommendations of phytopathologists does not prevent the spread of the Dutch elm disease in Saint Petersburg. We provide revised recommendations how to improve efficiency of sanitation cuttings.
Research of the operation algorithm of a distributed forest territory monitoring system
Authors: Заяц А.М. , Хабаров С.П.
Published: September 2020

Предложен подход к сетевому моделированию алгоритмов работы узлов распределенной системы с использованием всего одного компьютера, но с обеспечением возможности взаимодействия узлов сети по беспроводному каналу связи, что позволяет для анализа протокольного стека и структуры пакетов, циркулирующих в беспроводной сети, использовать сетевые мониторы типа Wireshark или Microsoft Network Monitor. Для возможности полноценного функционального моделирования были разработаны шаблоны программных кодов на языке Python 3 для всех элементов распределенной системы.

Proposed an approach to network modeling of the operation algorithms of the nodes of a distributed system using only one computer, but with the possibility of interaction between nodes network via a wireless communication channel, which allows you to use network monitors such as Wireshark or Microsoft Network Monitor to analyze the protocol stack and the structure of packets circulating in a wireless network. For the possibility of full-fledged functional modeling Python 3 software code templates were developed for all elements of a distributed system.
In memory of the soldier, scientist, and public figure Yuri Yakovlevich Dmitriev (1919-1997)
Authors: Шебашев В.Е. , Романов Е.М. , Войтко П.Ф. , Самойленко В.Г.
Published: September 2020

В заметке говорится о жизненном пути Ю.Я. Дмитриева, ученого, внесшего крупный вклад в развитие науки о сплаве леса. Приведен краткий перечень его работ, актуальных по настоящее время.

The article describes the life of Yuri Dmitriev, a scientist who made a major contribution to the development of the science of forest rafting. The brief list of his works is given, which are relevant up to the present time.
System of vegetation cover in the reserve «Khau Ca», Ha Giang province (Vietnam)
Authors: Фан В.З. , Данг В.Х. , Потокин А.Ф.
Published: September 2020

Вопрос сохранения биоразнообразия на Земле, в целом, и разнообразие растений в частности, имеет очень важное значение в настоящее время. Саммит в Рио-де-Жанейро, 5 июня 1992 года, является колоколом мира Спасите Землю , где отмечена вся важность проблемы, связанной с биоразнообразием Земли Ричард Б. Примак, Фам Бинь Куйен, 1999. Вьетнам является одним из мировых центров биоразнообразия, поэтому эта проблема сохранения является актуальной. Заповедник Хау Ка был создан для сохранения и защиты обезьяны, научное название Rhinopithecus avunculus. Это один из 25 редких и исчезающих приматов мира, в настоящее время встречается только во Вьетнаме. Территория заповедника Хау Ка, расположена в северной части биогеографической зоны. Здесь лесная растительность является одной из наиболее важных экосистем во Вьетнаме и считается одной из наиболее ценных центров биоразнообразия. Объектами исследования является лесная растительность на территории заповедника Хау Ка. Для исследования лесной растительности заповедника проведено описание растительности на 20 пробных площадях и 4 маршрутных профилях. В ходе описания растительности было собрано около 700 гербарных образцов растений. В ходе анализа геоботанических описаний растительности было выделено 8 основных растительных сообществ: 5 естественных растительных сообществ и 3 вторичных растительных сообщества.

The issue of the conservation of biodiversity on Earth, in general, and the diversity of plants in particular, is very important at present. The Summit in Rio de Janeiro, June 5, 1992, is the worlds Save the Earth bell, where all the importance of the problem related to the biodiversity of the Earth is noted Richard B. Primack, Pham Binh Quyen, 1999. Vietnam is one of the world centers of biodiversity, therefore theproblem of biodiversity conservation is relevant. The preserve Khau Ca was created to protect biodiversity and protect the thin-nosed monkey Tonkin, the scientific name of Rhinopithecus avunculus. It is one of 25 rare and endangered primates of the world, currently only in Vietnam. Khau Ca Reserve, located in the northern part of the biogeographic zone. This type of forest vegetation structure is one of the most important ecosystems in Vietnam and is considered one of the most valuable centers of biodiversity and areas of biodiversity conservation. The objects of research are forest vegetation on the territory of the reserve Khau Ca. During a study at the Khau Ca Nature Reserve and the collection of basic scientific data as a basis for the description of vegetation: the description of vegetation was described with 20 test plots and 4 route lines of research. As evidence, about 700 samples (herbariums) of plants were collected. During the analysis of vegetation, the study area the initially identified plant system in the study area consists of 8 main types of vegetation: 5 types of local communities of the primary flora and 3 secondary plant communities.
Biomass structure of Picea-Abies forest ecosystems in pollution gradient near copper plant on the Сentral Ural
Authors: Усольцев В.А. , Ковязин В.Ф. , Уразова А.Ф. , Борников А.В. , Часовских В.П.
Published: September 2020

В градиенте загрязнений от медеплавильного завода на Среднем Урале (56 50 с.ш., 59 56 в.д.) в смешанных елово-пихтовых древостоях заложены 43 пробные площади, на которых по ступеням толщины для определения биомассы взято 65 модельных деревьев, в том числе 33 и 32 ели и пихты соответственно. Градиент загрязнений выражен индексом токсичности относительным показателем содержания в подстилке трёх техногенных металлов Cu, Pb и Fe. Выполнен регрессионный анализ биомассы и ЧПП деревьев и древостоев от индекса токсичности. Установлена линейная закономерность снижения биомассы и годичной ЧПП елово-пихтовых древостоев по мере повышения индекса токсичности в направлении к источнику загрязнения, а по биомассе деревьев в том же градиенте никакой закономерности не выявлено. Также не выявлено какой-либо закономерности изменения фитомассы и ЧПП нижнего яруса по мере повышения индекса токсичности. Содержание сухого вещества в древесине и коре у равновозрастных деревьев увеличивается по мере приближения к источнику загрязнения, и у ели этот показатель выше, чем у пихты. Содержание сухого вещества в хвое у равновеликих деревьев ели выше, чем у пихты, но в градиенте загрязнения оно имеет постоянную величину.

In the gradient of pollution from the copper smelter in the Middle Urals (5650 N., 5956 E.) in mixed spruce-fir stands 43 sample plots are established, in which by stem diameter 65 sample trees for biomass structure estimating are taken, including 33 and 32 spruce and fir, respectively. The pollution gradient is expressed by the toxicity index suggested with a relative index of the content in the litter of three technogenic metals Cu, Pb и Fe. Regression analysis of the dependence of biomass and NPP of trees and stands from toxicity index is performed. There is a linear pattern of reduction of biomass and annual NPP of spruce-fir forest stands with increasing toxicity index in the direction to the source of pollution, but for the biomass of trees in the same gradient no consistent pattern is detected. No regularity of changes in biomass and NPP of the understory with increasing toxicity index was revealed too. The dry matter content of wood and bark of trees of equal-aged increases as they approach the source of pollution, and spruce has a higher dry matter content than fir. The dry matter content in the needles of equal-sized spruce trees is higher than that of fir, but in the pollution gradient it has a constant value.
Dmitry Mikhailovich Kireev
Authors: Сергеева В.Л. , Лебедев П.А. , Алексеев А.С. , Соловьев В.А. , Бабиков Б.В. , Скупченко В.Б.
Published: September 2020

В заметке говорится о жизненном пути Д.М. Киреева, основателе и разработчике нового научного направления Лесное ландшафтоведение .

The article describes the life of Dmitry Kireev, a scientist who founded a new scientific direction Forest Landscape Science.
On the applicability of loose logs driving on small rivers in modern conditions
Authors: Виноградов А.Ю. , Ржавцев А.А. , Бачериков И.В. , Хвалев С.В. , Обязов В.А. , Сазонова С.И. , Кадацкая М.М. , Парфенов Е.А. , Виноградов И.А.
Published: September 2020

Авторы собрали и проанализировали существующую информацию по вопросу сплава древесины по малым рекам. Приведенные данные указывают на то, что сплав по воде наиболее экономически выгоден. Рассмотрены различные аспекты влияния молевого сплава на водный объект и на популяцию рыб. Проведен анализ положительного и отрицательного воздействия, в том числе во временном разрезе. Исходя из собранной информации сделаны конкретные выводы и сформулированы рекомендации по использованию молевого сплава как наиболее выгодного и безопасного способа транспортировки леса.

The authors collected and analyzed available information on the problem of loose log transport on small rivers. These data indicate that water trasnsport is the most cost effective. Various aspects of the influence of the wood transport on the water and on the fish population are considered. The analysis of positive and negative impacts, including in the context of time, was carried out. On the basis of the collected information, specific conclusions are made and recommendations are formulated for the use of loose log transport on small rivers, as the most profitable and safe method of transporting wood.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS INTERAKSIONISME SIMBOLIK UNTUK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Maulidiya Eka Cahya , Reza Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran berbasis interaksi simbol untuk membangun karakter anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Budi Utomo Lamongan sebagai upaya membangun kualitas karakter yang memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat dengan kemajuan bangsa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dengan mengembangkan model dan pengembangan penelitian Thiagarajan dengan model 4D yaitu Define, Design, Develop dan Diseminate. Model penelitian ini untuk pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran. Perumusan komponen model Perancangan pembelajaran didasarkan pada interaksi komponen yang berkaitan dengan materi guru, Perancangan sekolah dan kelas, serta penggunaan media pembelajaran. Hasil pengembangan model Perancangan pembelajaran berbasis interaksi simbolik dituangkan dalam bentuk SOP penyambutan anak, SOP kegiatan awal kegiatan,

 

Kata kunci : Interaksi simbolik, anak, karakter
Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)
Authors: To'bungan Nelsiani , Jati Wibowo Nugroho , Zahida Felicia
Published: September 2020

Informasi mengenai keamanan penggunaan rumput Knop (Hyptis capitata Jacq.) sebagai obat tradisionalmasih terbatas. Uji keamanan melalui uji toksisitas penting untuk dilakukan sebelum dilakukan uji manfaatlebih lanjut. Salah satu uji toksisitas akut yang dapat dilakukan sebagai uji toksisitas tahap awal adalah ujitoksisitas akut dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Daun rumput Knop diekstrak dengan penyarietanol dengan metode maserasi. Ekstrak etanol daun rumput Knop dengan konsentrasi 1000, 500, 250, 125 dan62,5 µg/ml dipaparkan pada larva Artemia salina (L.) selama 24 jam. Tingkat toksisitas ditentukan berdasarkannilai LC50 yang diperoleh berdasarkan jumlah larva yang mati, melalui analisis probit. Kandungan fitokimiaekstrak etanol daun rumput Knop diuji melalui uji fitokimia kualitatif. Nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol daun rumputKnop sebesar 183,91 µg/ml. Ekstrak etanol daun rumput Knop mengandung alkaloid dan steroid.
Punicalagin ameliorates spermatological parameters in bisphenol A treated New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: YILDIZ-GULAY OZLEM , CANDAN GULSAH , GULAY MEHMET SUKRU
Published: September 2020

The ameliorating effects of punicalagin (PUN) were evaluated against some reproductive parameters in male New Zealand White rabbits treated with bisphenol A (BPA). Rabbits (n = 24) were adapted to laboratory conditions for 2 weeks before the experiment. After adaptation, rabbits were randomly assigned into 4 groups. The control group received tap water and corn oil. Rabbits in BPA and PUN groups received 20 mg/kg BPA in corn oil + tap water, and 2 mg/kg PUN in tap water + corn oil, respectively. Rabbits in the last group received the same amounts of BPA and PUN. All treatments were administered by daily oral gavages for 9 weeks. On d 63 of the experiment, semen and blood samples were collected. Blood samples were used for the evaluation of some hormones. After blood collection, rabbits were euthanized and the right testis was stored at –80°C. At the end of the experiment, inhibin, FSH, LH, FSH/LH ratio, FSH/inhibin ratio, and estrogen levels were similar among the groups. However, testosterone levels in serum, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels in testis tissues were negatively affected by BPA. Moreover, sperm concentrations and the percent of progressive motility significantly declined in BPA treated rabbits. PUN treatment significantly improved these parameters up to control levels when coupled with BPA. The results indicated that PUN has ameliorating effects in neutralizing the possible toxic effects of BPA in male rabbits.