bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement of a Three Phase Boost-Cascaded Fifteen Level Inverter Using the PI Controller
Authors: Sathish Kumar S. , Ramkumar R. , Sivarajeswari S. , Ramya D. , Subburaj T. , Sankoh Martin
Published: May 2022

Photovoltaic power generation is a potential alternative energy source that offers several benefits over other alternative energy sources such as wind, sun, ocean, biomass, geothermal, and so on. Multilevel inverters are essential for power conversion in solar power generation. These multilevel inverters employ three distinct topologies: diode-clamped (neutral-point clamped) inverter, capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor) inverter, and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is more appropriate for photovoltaic applications than the other two topologies. The proposed system asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter (ACMLI) is energized using a photovoltaic system (PV). A three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter for grid-connected solar systems is given in this study utilizing a proportional integral controller. The harmonic distortion was removed using a multicarrier pulse width modulation method. The MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the performance of a three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter in terms of harmonic content and number of switches. To test the performance of the designed system, a hardware prototype was created. From the obtained results, the proposed method reduces the switch count, harmonic distortion, and rejects the external disturbances of input and output variables.
Analysis of Music Teaching in Basic Education Integrating Scientific Computing Visualization and Computer Music Technology
Authors: Zhao Yanyan
Published: May 2022

In the current music education, the music teaching method is too simple, boring, relatively backward, unable to attract the attention of the students, and the students gradually lose their interest in music courses. In basic education, music, as a highly practical subject, must create a good classroom atmosphere, make the classroom active, and enable students to better experience music, enjoy music, and like music. Therefore, in order to change this situation, this paper, based on scientific computing visualization, studies the application of computer music technology in basic education music teaching, and proposes a related computing method based on scientific computing visualization-image segmentation method. This review compares the spectrum extraction accuracy between the improved algorithm and the two traditional algorithms and finds that the average accuracy of the improved algorithm is 90.88%. It can be seen that the method proposed in this review is more suitable for the study of computer music technology in basic education music teaching. Applied research and most students are more interested in music teaching combined with computer music technology, so learning music teaching combined with computer music technology is very necessary. The development of computer music technology is closely related to the development of modern information technology.
Structural Damage Localization in Plates Using Global and Local Modal Strain Energy Method
Authors: Le Thanh-Cao , Ho Duc-Duy , Nguyen Chi-Thien , Huynh Thanh-Canh
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an improvement to the modal strain energy (MSE) method for identifying structural damages in plate‐type structures. A two‐step MSE‐based damage localization procedure, including a global step and a local step, is newly proposed to enhance the accuracy of detecting the location of structural damage. Firstly, the global step uses the mode shape data on the whole plate to locate the potentially damaged areas. Then, MSE is applied with a more dense mesh size on these local areas to detect damage in more detail. The proposed procedure’s feasibility is verified by analyzing an aluminum plate with various damaged scenarios. This study uses finite element analysis to acquire the plate's natural frequencies and mode shapes in intact and damaged states. A set of two damage detection capacity indicators are also newly presented to evaluate the precision of the proposed procedure. The diagnostic results demonstrate that the proposed approach uses less modal data than the original MSE method and accurately identifies the damage's locations in the plates with various edge conditions. Moreover, the combination of three first mode shapes and a damage threshold of 40% of the maximum normalized damage index gives the best results of damage localization.
Modeling and Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Household Consumption Expenditure in Different Regions
Authors: Fan Chaozhi , Hook Law Siong , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman , Naseem N. A. M.
Published: May 2022

Based on the panel data of cities and towns in China, by using the generalized estimation method of a dynamic panel, through the construction of regional household consumption expenditure evaluation models, optimize the impact evaluation algorithm of household consumption expenditure in different regions, standardize critic indicators, and build the impact modeling of household consumption expenditure in combination with relevant algorithms such as the Engel coefficient. Finally, it is verified by experiments that the impact model of ICT on household consumption expenditure in different regions has high practicability and fully meets the research requirements.
Time-Efficient Coverage Path Planning for Energy-Constrained UAV
Authors: Huang Yanxi , Xu Jiankang , Shi Mengting , Liu Liang
Published: May 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the characteristics of high mobility and wide coverage, making them widely used in coverage, search, and other fields. In these applications, UAV often has limited energy. Therefore, planning a time-efficient coverage path for energy-constrained UAV to cover the area of interest is the core issue. The existing coverage path planning algorithms assume that the UAV moves at a constant speed, without taking into account the cost of turns (including deceleration, turning, and acceleration), which is unrealistic. To solve the above problem, we propose a time-efficient coverage path planning (TECPP) algorithm for the energy-constrained UAV. We build a novel gadget-based graph model, which formalizes the time and energy costs of the flight path including straight flights and making turns (deceleration, turning, and acceleration). Moreover, our graph model is suitable for irregular-shaped areas with multiple obstacles. Finally, we transform the above problem into a generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) and use the generalized large neighborhood search (GLNS) solver to solve it. The experimental results show that TECPP outperforms the existing coverage path planning algorithms, and TECPP saves at least 21.6% of time.
Multiclass Classification of Chest X-Ray Images for the Prediction of COVID-19 Using Capsule Network
Authors: Ragab Mahmoud , Alshehri Samah , Alhakamy Nabil A. , Mansour Romany F. , Koundal Deepika
Published: May 2022

It is critical to establish a reliable method for detecting people infected with COVID-19 since the pandemic has numerous harmful consequences worldwide. If the patient is infected with COVID-19, a chest X-ray can be used to determine this. In this work, an X-ray showing a COVID-19 infection is classified by the capsule neural network model we trained to recognise. 6310 chest X-ray pictures were used to train the models, separated into three categories: normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19. This work is considered an improved deep learning model for the classification of COVID-19 disease through X-ray images. Viewpoint invariance, fewer parameters, and better generalisation are some of the advantages of CapsNet compared with the classic convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The proposed model has achieved an accuracy greater than 95% during the model’s training, which is better than the other state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, to aid in detecting COVID-19 in a chest X-ray, the model could provide extra information.
Resveratrol Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in In Vitro Model through Multitarget Antiapoptotic Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Ye Shiming , Liu Jing , Dong Qi , Wang Xinxin , Wandong She
Published: May 2022

Objective. To explore the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on hair cell apoptosis caused by sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and its effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells. Methods. We used the network pharmacology method to screen molecules related to RSV for the treatment of SSNHL and analyzed these molecules and their enriched biological processes and signaling pathways through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. We selected hub genes related to apoptosis using protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for in vitro and molecular docking verification. Results. Eighty overlapping genes were identified as potential targets for RSV treatment of SSNHL. Further GO analysis showed that the biological processes were mainly related to toxicity, cell proliferation, and lipopolysaccharide reactions. KEGG analysis showed that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, FoxO signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and other inflammatory signaling pathways were concentrated. AKT1, STAT3, JUN, TNF, TP53, MAPK3, CASP3, and VEGFA were screened as HUB genes using PPI analysis. The apoptosis-related proteins TNF, CASP3, AKT1, and TP53 were selected for in vitro experiments, which showed that mRNA was significantly different before and after RSV intervention, confirming that the corresponding protein receptors could bind well with RSV. Conclusion. RSV mainly affects the prognosis of SSNHL through anti-inflammatory effects and may improve hair cell apoptosis caused by inflammatory factors through multitargeted interventions involving TNF, CASP3, AKT1, and TP53.
The Mining Algorithm of Maximum Frequent Itemsets Based on Frequent Pattern Tree
Authors: Mi Xifeng
Published: May 2022

In the discipline of data mining, association rule mining is an important study topic that focuses on discovering the relationships between database attributes. The maximum frequent itemset comprises the information of all frequent itemsets, which is one of the important difficulties in mining association rules, and certain data mining applications just need to mine the maximum frequent itemsets. As a result, analyzing the maximum frequent itemset mining technique is practical. Considering this, the research introduces FP-MFIA, a new maximum frequent itemset mining approach based on the FP-tree, which is inspired by the data structure of the frequent pattern tree and the idea that the maximum frequent itemset implies all frequent itemsets. First, the FP-MFIA constructs a one-way FP-tree structure, which only has pointers from the root to the leaves, so that only two scans of the FP-tree are required by the FP-MFIA. On the other hand, it redefines a data storage structure MFI-list for maximum frequent itemsets. It can quickly release unnecessary nodes in the FP-tree after scanning it. In this way, not only the information required by the maximum frequent itemsets can be quickly mined but also the space required for storing the maximum frequent itemsets can be reduced, which greatly improves the mining efficiency. Finally, experiments were conducted to compare the mining efficiency of the novel FP-MFIA algorithm to the IDMFIA and DMFIA algorithms. We can see from the findings that the FP-MFIA algorithm is more efficient than the other two techniques.
Coupling Coordination Degree of City-Industry Integration in Shanghai Based on Entropy Evaluation Method
Authors: Su Lin , Jia Jingjing
Published: May 2022

With the quality of urbanization getting more attention, city-industry integration has increasingly become a hot topic in academia. This paper is based on the traditional quantitative research of city integration, introducing the measuring model of ternary coupling coordination degree of city-industry integration in Shanghai and highlighting the ecological environment has become an important factor in the process of integration. Through the entropy method and coupling coordination model to measure the integration of Shanghai, a reasonable conclusion was reached within data analyses.
Hemodialysis-Related Amyloidosis in the Tongue
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Yamada Miki , Iijima Yosuke , Sawada Keisuke , Hino Shunsuke , Kaneko Takahiro , Horie Norio
Published: May 2022

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) represents a group of relatively rare disorders characterized by the systemic extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils of amyloid protein in long-term dialysis patients. We describe herein a case of relatively early DRA on the tongue of a long-term dialysis patient. A 67-year-old man with a 39-year history of dialysis was referred for diagnosis of a tongue mass. On examination, a collection of whitish-yellow papules was identified on the ventral surface of the tongue tip. The pathological diagnosis was DRA. Clinicians should be aware that long-term dialysis can cause oral amyloidosis of the tongue.
Development and Application of Information Resources for Education and Teaching of Yarn History Based on 5G Network Technology
Authors: Zhang Wen , Yang Xiaoming
Published: May 2022

Yarn education is a crucial step in producing high-quality textile end products. By offering quick insights into yarn quality, online yarn testing can reduce latency in critical process control, resulting in the manufacture of higher-quality yarns. This paper proposes the development and application of information resources for the education and teaching of yarn history based on fifth-generation (5G) network technologies. Firstly, the yarn database is preprocessed using greyscale transformation and image filtering methods. Secondly, yarn segmentation is implemented using a Multiresolution Markov Random Field (MRMRF) model. Fourier transform and two-scale attention models are used to extract statistical and relative characteristics, respectively. For classifying the yarn photos, we propose using Improved Support Vector Machine (ISVM) classification. The 5G network has been set up, and data is transferred using the Transmission Control Protocol. To enhance the performance, we propose an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The performance of the suggested methodology is analyzed and compared with existing methodologies using the MATLAB simulation tool. The suggested algorithm's classification performance suggests that the 5G framework could provide an accurate, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective solution to industrial automation.
Bearing Fault Classification Using Improved Antlion Optimizer and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Zhao Zhuanzhe , Zhang Yu , Ma Qiang , Rui Yujian , Ye Guowen , Wang Mengxian , Liu Yongming , Zhang Zhen , Wei Neng , Tu Zhijian
Published: May 2022

Bearing is an important part of rotating machinery, and its early fault diagnosis and accurate classification have always been difficult in engineering application. At present, the models based on the fusion of various optimization algorithms and neural networks have become one of the emerging techniques for accurate fault identification. Firstly, an improved antlion optimizer (ALO) algorithm based on estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) and variable-step Lévy flight strategy, abbreviated as ELALO, is proposed as a new bionic intelligence. During the initialization of population, the individuals with poor fitness are redistributed by the Gaussian probability model. In view of the stagnation of iteration, Lévy flight strategy is introduced and the adaptive change of disturbance step length is controlled. Experimental results on 4 benchmark functions show that the novel ELALO can effectively improve the solution accuracy and convergence speed, compared with the original ALO. Secondly, in order to solve the disadvantage that extreme learning machine (ELM) network is easy to fall into local optimization, this ELALO algorithm is used to initialize the weights and thresholds of its network and to form the new pattern recognition model, ELALO-ELM. Finally, the bearing data of 8 patterns from Western Reserve University are decomposed by local mean decomposition (LMD), and then the symbolic entropy (SE) of the first three product function (PF) components signals is extracted and used as the input eigenvectors. Compared with the standard ELM and ALO-ELM models, the ELALO-ELM model has better generalization and stronger robustness and it can effectively improve the efficiency of network training and the accuracy of early fault pattern classification in bearing fault diagnosis. The new ELALO-ELM model can also be used for other difficult classification problems.
War against NRAS-Mutant Melanoma Using Targeted Therapies Remains Challenging
Authors: Moschos Stergios J.
Published: May 2022

In the search for targeting MAPK plus other pathways in NRAS-mutant melanoma, a phase Ib/II trial tested binimetinib plus ribociclib in metastatic melanoma. The response rate in the phase II trial was 19.5%, and the median progression-free survival was 3.7 months.

See related article by Schuler et al., p. 3002
Targeting DUSP Activity as a Treatment for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Sanders Brooke E. , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , McMellen Alexandra , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Berning Amber , Post Miriam D. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: May 2022

Identifying novel, durable treatments for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is paramount to extend both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients afflicted with this disease. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) was identified as one of seven genes that may significantly affect prognosis in patients with HGSOC; however, the role of DUSP inhibition (DUSPi) in the treatment of HGSOC remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that DUSP1 is highly expressed in HGSOC and confers worse PFS and OS. Further, we corroborate data that show DUSP1 expression is directly associated with therapy resistance. Using a tissue microarray of 137 different serous ovarian carcinomas, we demonstrate the high expression of DUSP1 in primary and recurrent serous ovarian cancer. In both acquired and de novo therapy HGSOC-resistant models, DUSPi both inhibited cellular proliferation and promoted cell death. RPPA analysis of HGSOC cells revealed DUSPi led to the differential regulation of several pathways, including AMPK and mTORC. Further, in a patient-derived xenograft HGSOC model, DUSPi significantly inhibited tumor progression.
Systemic Immune Dysfunction in Cancer Patients Driven by IL6 Induction of LAG3 in Peripheral CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Somasundaram Ashwin , Cillo Anthony R. , Lampenfeld Caleb , Workman Creg J. , Kunning Sheryl , Oliveri Lauren , Velez Maria , Joyce Sonali , Calderon Michael , Dadey Rebekah , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Normolle Daniel P. , Watkins Simon C. , Herman James G. , Kirkwood John M. , Lipson Evan J. , Ferris Robert L. , Bruno Tullia C. , Vignali Dario A.A.
Published: May 2022

Many cancer patients do not develop a durable response to the current standard-of-care immunotherapies, despite substantial advances in targeting immune inhibitory receptors. A potential compounding issue, which may serve as an unappreciated, dominant resistance mechanism, is an inherent systemic immune dysfunction that is often associated with advanced cancer. Minimal response to inhibitory receptor (IR) blockade therapy and increased disease burden have been associated with peripheral CD8+ T-cell dysfunction, characterized by suboptimal T-cell proliferation and chronic expression of IRs (e.g., PD1 and LAG3). Here, we demonstrated that approximately a third of cancer patients analyzed in this study have peripheral CD8+ T cells that expressed robust intracellular LAG3 (LAG3IC), but not surface LAG3 (LAG3SUR) due to a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) cleavage. This is associated with poor disease prognosis and decreased CD8+ T-cell function, which could be partially reversed by anti-LAG3. Systemic immune dysfunction was restricted to CD8+ T cells, including, in some cases, a high percentage of peripheral naïve CD8+ T cells, and was driven by the cytokine IL6 via STAT3. These data suggest that additional studies are warranted to determine if the combination of increased LAG3IC in peripheral CD8+ T cells and elevated systemic IL6 can serve as predictive biomarkers and identify which cancer patients may benefit from LAG3 blockade.
A Novel Mutation Eliminates GATA-1 and RUNX1-Mediated Promoter Activity in Galactosyltransferase Gene
Authors: Liu Fengxia , Li Guocai , Li Jian , Gui Rong , Luo Yanwei , Zhou Ming
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Mutations in the promoter region and exons of ABO gene may cause changes in the expression of blood group antigens, often showing a weak ABO phenotype. Here, we identified a novel weak ABO subgroup allele that caused Bel phenotype and explored its mechanisms. Methods: The ABO phenotype of subjects (Chinese Han nationality) was classified by serological method. The plasma activity of erythrocyte glycosyltransferase was detected by the phosphate coupling method. ABO subtype genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP and exon sequencing. The activity of the promoter was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: We identified a mutation exon 1 c.15_16insTGTTG of the B allele in a Bel subject. Genealogical investigation showed that the mutation was inherited from her mother. The mutation was located in the promoter region of the ABO gene. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the mutation inactivated GATA-1 and RUNX1-mediated activity of the ABO gene promoter, leading to a decrease in the expression and activity of B glycosyltransferase. Conclusion: A novel Bvar ABO subgroup allele was identified. The novel mutation can reduce the promoter activity that activated by GATA-1 and RUNX1, subsequently causing the Bel phenotype.
Comparison of Stroke Risk Factors between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients in a North American Moyamoya Disease Cohort
Authors: Kumar Mukaish , Larson Anthony , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Rinaldo Lorenzo , Savastano Luis , Lanzino Giuseppe , Meyer Fredric , Lehman Vance , Klaas James
Published: May 2022

Background: Risk factors for stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic moyamoya disease (MMD) patients have recently been reported in a Japanese cohort. Such information in a North American population is lacking. Objective: We sought to elucidate the prevalence of stroke risk factors among North American patients with ischemic, hemorrhagic, and asymptomatic MMD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institution’s database between 1990 and 2021. We excluded cases of moyamoya syndrome. We divided 119 patients into 3 groups based on the onset pattern; ischemic, hemorrhagic, and asymptomatic. We compared the prevalence of well-known stroke risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, etc.) between these three groups of patients. In the asymptomatic group, we analyzed the prevalence of cerebrovascular events on follow-up from the time of diagnosis. Results: Overall, 119 patients with MMD were available with predominately White ethnicity (80.7%). The mean age was 39 years, and 73.9% were female. Patients presented with ischemic stroke (82%) and hemorrhagic stroke (11%); 7% of patients were asymptomatic. The prevalence of stroke risk factors did not differ among ischemic, hemorrhagic, or asymptomatic MMD patients. In 8 asymptomatic patients, there was 81.8 months (SD ±51.0) of follow-up, and none of them developed any cerebrovascular events. Conclusions: No significant differences in the prevalence of stroke risk factors between MMD cohorts were found, corroborating evidence provided in a recent Japanese-based study. There were no apparent associations between stroke risk factors and interval cerebrovascular events in an asymptomatic group of MMD patients.
Estudo comparativo entre os métodos de estimativa visual e goniometria para avaliação das amplitudes de movimento da articulação do ombro
Authors: Andrade Júnia Amorim , Leite Vilnei Mattioli , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi , Araújo Pola Maria Poli de , Juliano Yara
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: comparar a utilização das técnicas de estimativa visual e de goniometria para medidas de amplitudes de movimento (ADM´s) do ombro (elevação, extensão, abdução e rotações externa/interna a 90° de abdução) e indicar o melhor procedimento e referência para medidas das ADM’s da articulação do ombro. Métodos: dois profissionais da área de saúde com diferentes experiências na avaliação de ADM’s avaliaram noventa e sete indivíduos normais de ambos os sexos com idade entre 20 a 50 anos, utilizando os métodos de estimativa visual recomendados pela American Academy Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) e o método de goniometria recomendado por Norkin e White (1997). Comparações entre os métodos apresentaram diferenças significativas para todos os movimentos. Conclusões: existem diferenças entre os valores das ADM’s do ombro avaliadas pelo método de estimativa visual da AAOS e os valores obtidos pela goniometria, sugerindo que a goniometria é até o momento, o melhor método para avaliar diferenças discretas entre as medidas.
Terapia Ocupacional e o uso do computador como recurso terapêutico
Authors: Watanabe Marli Kiyoko Fujikawa , Tsukimoto Denise Rodrigues , Tsukimoto Gracinda Rodrigues
Published: May 2022

Atualmente a tecnologia da informática vem se ampliando para diversas áreas de atuação profissional, inclusive para o campo da Terapia Ocupacional, aonde vem sendo aplicada na prática clínica como modalidade de tratamento. Neste artigo tem-se como objetivo apresentar a atuação do terapeuta ocupacional junto a pessoas com lesão cerebral e lesão medular, utilizando o computador e suas ferramentas e aplicações como recurso terapêutico que potencializa o processo de reabilitação de modo geral. Foram selecionados pacientes em programa de reabilitação que apresentavam dificuldades motoras e percepto-cognitivas, que participaram de atendimentos de Terapia Ocupacional com duração de trinta minutos a uma hora, sendo possível avaliar e documentar a evolução dos pacientes através das atividades realizadas no computador e da utilização de softwares, hardwares e adaptações. Foi possível observar que houve aumento da motivação, melhora das habilidades motoras e percepto-cognitivas, repercutindo de forma positiva no processo de reabilitação como um todo.
Relato teórico: reflexões e considerações para autores, revisores e editores
Authors: Souza Filho Breno Augusto Bormann de , Tritany Érika Fernandes , Struchiner Cláudio José
Published: May 2022

Atualmente, os estudos epidemiológicos voltados à saúde pública têm apresentado limitações importantes quanto ao relato teórico em profundidade, frente a uma supervalorização de aspectos metodológicos. A falta de explicitação teórica nas publicações, afeta não apenas a qualidade do estudo, como também sua reprodutibilidade. Nesse sentido, apoiados em uma revisão da literatura científica acerca do tema, apresentamos neste ensaio reflexões sobre a importância do relato teórico aprofundado, relacionado à fundamentação teórica adotada por pesquisadores nas principais seções do manuscrito (título, resumo, introdução, metodologia, resultados, discussão e conclusão). Acreditamos que este artigo pode favorecer a compreensão sobre a importância e desenvolvimento de relatos teóricos aprofundados em artigos científicos e contribuir para avaliações, interpretações e críticas dos revisores e editores em relação à importância da explicitação e do relato da fundamentação teórica nos manuscritos submetidos aos periódicos científicos.
Large Vessel Cell Heterogeneity and Plasticity: Focus in Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Jauhiainen Suvi , Kiema Miika , Hedman Marja , Laakkonen Johanna P.
Published: May 2022

Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells have a remarkable level of plasticity in vascular pathologies. In thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, smooth muscle cells have been suggested to undergo phenotypic switching and to contribute to degradation of the aortic wall structure in response to, for example, inflammatory mediators, dysregulation of growth factor signaling or oxidative stress. Recently, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and a clonal expansion of degradative smooth muscle cells and immune cells, as well as mesenchymal stem–like cells have been suggested to contribute to the progression of aortic aneurysms. What are the factors driving the aortic cell phenotype changes and how vascular flow, known to affect aortic wall structure and to be altered in aortic aneurysms, could affect aortic cell remodeling? In this review, we summarize the current literature on aortic cell heterogeneity and phenotypic switching in relation to changes in vascular flow and aortic wall structure in aortic aneurysms in clinical samples with special focus on smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The differences between thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms are discussed.
Fit to be King! Iconographies of Kingship and Political Identities in Early Sixteenth-Century Sindh
Authors: Akhtar Munazzah
Published: May 2022

In 1508 the legendary Sulṭān of Sindh, Niẓām al-Dīn Jām Nindō, of the Samma dynasty (1351–1522) died. The Sulṭān’s death occasioned a major political shift in Sindh at the turn of the sixteenth century, which ultimately led to the fall of the Sammas in 1522. This period is marked with repeated instances of military and civil unrests and dethroning attempts. The primary theme of this article is to demonstrate that these particular cycles of political instability defined the parameters of contemporary architectural undertakings. For this purpose, two of the most ambitious funerary constructions in the Samma royal necropolis of Maklī at Thatta (southern Sindh)—the tomb enclosure of Samma military commander Mubārak Khān and the monumental mausoleum of Sulṭān Niẓām al-Dīn—are reassessed. The article also locates political undertones in the architecture of these mausolea, and deciphers the implicit subtext interlaced into their epigraphic as well as visual motifs.
Validation of the name Sedum triangulosepalum (Crassulaceae)
Authors: HSU TIAN-CHUAN , CHUNG SHIH-WEN
Published: May 2022

N/A
Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the names published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Drake del Castillo in 1903
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA
Published: May 2022

The nomenclature of the three names that Emmanuel Drake del Castillo published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), K. antanosiana, K. beharensis, and K. linearifolia, in 1903 is reviewed and discussed. Kalanchoe beharensis and K. linearifolia are today accepted species, but K. antanosiana is widely treated as a synonym of K. orgyalis. Corrections are made to the typification of the names K. beharensis and K. vantieghemii to maintain the current application of these names, with the latter being a homotypic synonym of K. beharensis.
Quararibea alversonii (Malvaceae; Malvoideae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: FERREIRA CARLOS D. M. , BOVINI MASSIMO G. , BAUMGRATZ JOSÉ FERNANDO A.
Published: May 2022

We describe Quararibea alversonii, a new species endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, which was found in the course of our review of Quararibea in Brazil. The new taxon is similar to Q. amazonica, mainly in calyx morphology, but it is distinguished by the presence of domatia, pedicel length, petal width, morphology of staminal columns and styles, as well as fruit shape. Here, we present a morphological description, taxonomic comments, photographs, distribution map, assessment of conservation status, and a comparative analysis between the new species and Q. amazonica, the only other member of the genus that also presents a costate calyx.
Korean species of the Atheta Thomson subgenus Dimetrota Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species
Authors: LEE SEUNG-GYU , AHN KEE-JEONG
Published: May 2022

A taxonomic review of the Atheta Thomson subgenus Dimetrota Mulsant & Rey in the Korean Peninsula is presented. The subgenus is represented in Korea by 11 species including a new species, A. (D.) ovata Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. and a new synonym [A. (Badura) tokiokai Sawada = A. (D.) chagangensis Paśnik syn. nov.]. Atheta (D.) yamamotoi Sawada is reported for the first time in the Korean Peninsula and A. (D.) machonryongica in South Korea. A key to Korean species and descriptions with illustrations of habitus photographs and diagnostic characters of three species new to Korea are provided.
Large-Eddy and Flight Simulations of a Clear-Air Turbulence Event over Tokyo on 16 December 2014
Authors: Yoshimura R. , Suzuki K. , Ito J. , Kikuchi R. , Yakeno A. , Obayashi S.
Published: May 2022

In this study, a clear-air turbulence event was reproduced using a high-resolution (250 m) large-eddy simulation in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, and the resulting wind field was used in a flight simulation to estimate the vertical acceleration changes experienced by an aircraft. Conditions were simulated for 16 December 2014 when many intense turbulence encounters (and one accident) associated with an extratropical cyclone were reported over the Tokyo area. Based on observations and the WRF simulation, the turbulence was attributed to shear-layer instability near the jet stream axis. Simulation results confirmed the existence of the instability, which led to horizontal vortices with an amplitude of vertical velocity from +20 to −12 m s−1. The maximum eddy dissipation rate was estimated to be over 0.7, which suggested that the model reproduced turbulence conditions likely to cause strong shaking in large-size aircraft. A flight simulator based on aircraft equations of motion estimated vertical acceleration changes of +1.57 to +0.08 G on a Boeing 777-class aircraft. Although the simulated amplitudes of the vertical acceleration changes were smaller than those reported in the accident (+1.8 to −0.88 G), the model successfully reproduced aircraft motion using a combination of atmospheric and flight simulations.
Opportunity Hoarding and the Maintenance of “White” Educational Space
Authors: Diamond John B. , Lewis Amanda E.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we discuss the fundamental whiteness of educational spaces and detail the historical and contemporary mechanisms through which these spaces are created and perpetuate. We draw on Charles Tilly’s concept of opportunity hoarding to detail how white racial actors and white-dominated institutions create and defend “white” spaces within education. We expand current educational scholarship in this area by theorizing connections between opportunity hoarding and sociological work on racial boundaries, institutional theory, and organizational routines and point the way toward more nuanced examinations of opportunity hoarding in education.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Prediction of Surgical Complications: Current State, Applications, and Implications
Authors: Hassan Abbas M. , Rajesh Aashish , Asaad Malke , Nelson Jonas A. , Coert J. Henk. , Mehrara Babak J. , Butler Charles E.
Published: May 2022

Surgical complications pose significant challenges for surgeons, patients, and health care systems as they may result in patient distress, suboptimal outcomes, and higher health care costs. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven models have revolutionized the field of surgery by accurately identifying patients at high risk of developing surgical complications and by overcoming several limitations associated with traditional statistics-based risk calculators. This article aims to provide an overview of AI in predicting surgical complications using common machine learning and deep learning algorithms and illustrates how this can be utilized to risk stratify patients preoperatively. This can form the basis for discussions on informed consent based on individualized patient factors in the future.
The Level of Fear Experienced by the Individuals and their Applications to Health Institutions during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Güven Emel , Altay Birsen
Published: May 2022

Aim: The study aims to investigate the effect of the level of fear experienced by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic on their application to health institutions. Method: This descriptive study was conducted between July and September 2020 with the participants who met the inclusion criteria in Turkey. When the mean COVID-19 Fear Scale score was considered and the standard deviation values ​​were taken as 18.83 ± 6.01, the sample size was determined as 98 individuals, with 95% confidence level, 90% test power, and 0.331 effect size. With the snowball sampling method, the study was carried out with 577 people who filled out the Google form. The Personal Information Form and the COVID-19 Fear Scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Mann-Whitney U (U), and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to analyze the data. Ethics committee approval was obtained prior to the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.06 ± 11.25 (min 18-max 71); 77.8% were female; 66% were university graduates, and 54.9% were single. The total mean score of the participants from the COVID-19 Fear Scale was determined as 16.84 ± 5.68 (min 7-max 34), which points to moderate level of fear. The COVID-19 Fear Scale scores of the female participants, the participants with high income, and those living with their families were found to be higher ( p < 0.05). The COVID-19 Fear Scale scores were found to be higher in those who sleep less than 7 hours a day, who have a psychological disorder, who applied to health institutions during the coronavirus process, and who postponed their application to health institutions in an emergency due to the fear of infection ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that during the coronavirus process, 21.5% of individuals attend in person to health institutions and 40.7% of individuals attend in person to health institutions in emergencies. It was found that the level of fear was higher in the participants who applied to health institutions during the pandemic. The participants who postponed their application to health institutions in emergencies due to the fear of infection were found to have higher levels of fear.
Strength-Based Parenting and Academic Motivation in Adolescents Returning to School After COVID-19 School Closure: Exploring the Effect of School Belonging and Strength Use
Authors: Arslan Gökmen , Allen Kelly-Ann , Waters Lea
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to examine whether the level of strength-based parenting a student receives during remote learning affects their levels of academic motivation once returning to school. Additionally, the study sought to explore whether school belonging mediated the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation and whether student strength use moderated this mediating relationship. The sample comprised of secondary school students who had recently returned back to campus, following a period of COVID-19 enforced remote learning ( n = 404; age range: 11 to 18 years; M = 14.75, SD = 1.59; 50.2% female, and 3% non-/other gendered or declined to answer). Strength-based parenting had a significant predictive effect on student academic motivation with school belonging mediating the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation. The mediating effect of school belonging on the association between strength-based parenting and academic motivation was moderated by strength use during remote learning. The results of the study are discussed using a positive education lens with implications for improving skills and strategies to foster positive student functioning in times of remote learning and crisis.
Afterword: Science popularization, dictatorships, and democracies
Authors: Somsen Geert
Published: May 2022

This Afterword to the special section on Science Popularization in Francoist Spain draws general conclusions from its case studies. Most overarchingly, the different contributions show that popularization existed under this dictatorial regime, and hence does not require a Habermasian liberal-democratic public sphere. Four more specific lessons are also drawn, each shedding new light on either science popularization or dictatorial regimes. (1) Popularization has not only been a way to promote science, it has also been used to prop up dictatorial regimes by associating them with things scientific. (2) Totalitarian regimes are much less monolithic than they appear to be at the surface; they often harbor internal weaknesses and conflicts. (3) The study of science popularization in dictatorships can help open our eyes for comparable forms of propaganda in democracies. (4) Totalitarianism is best understood not as a universal phenomenon, but in its specific historical situatedness. Studying science popularization under Franco brings out the specific traits of this regime: the legacy of the Civil War, Spanish regionalism, and the international dependencies of the Francoist state.
So You’ve Provincialized the Canon. Now What?
Authors: Scoville Caleb , Mooney Heather
Published: May 2022

Sociologists are engaging in a long-overdue reckoning about the place of the traditional canon in social theory courses and pedagogy. Instructors are revising their syllabi to include a more diverse set of authors while “provincializing” classics that have long been taught as universal. We confront the question of how to teach contested canonical works after an instructor has committed to this work. We argue that progressive reforms to theory syllabi can raise new problems associated with teaching “canonical” works and propose one way to address them with a flexible recipe designed to resolve tensions between pedagogical imperatives. An extended example from our experience teaching Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is employed to illustrate our proposal. Our aim is to contribute to an ongoing disciplinary dialogue that will maintain theory’s central place in sociology’s identity while constantly asking what, and whom, it is for.
From Detractive to Democratic: The Duty of Teacher Education to Disrupt Structural Ableism and Reimagine Disability
Authors: Keefe Elizabeth Stringer
Published: May 2022

Background:

There is scant research on whether or how special education teacher preparation plays a role in shaping, maintaining, or perpetuating ableism and oppression for disabled students, which the author proposes is “structural ableism.” This conceptual article argues that special education teacher preparation programs’ systems and structures should be examined for ways they inadvertently contribute to ableist perceptions of disability to ensure that such structures do not influence the lenses and practice of the teachers they produce.

Purpose:

This article proposes that special education teacher preparation programs’ systems and structures should be examined for ways they inadvertently contribute to oppressive educational conditions and negative or ableist perceptions of disability to ensure that such structures do not influence the lenses and practice of the teachers they produce. In this article, the author theorizes “structural ableism,” which she defines as “a complex system of hierarchical and discriminatory processes, policies, and institutions that privilege and prefer able-bodied people, fail to represent or meaningfully include disabled persons’ voices, and are grounded in a network of ableist beliefs and practices that maintain and reproduce unequal outcomes for disabled people and benefit able-bodied people.”

Conclusion:

The author concludes that teacher preparation has a duty to embrace inclusivity through the lens of democratic education to help “shift disability toward a more inclusive ideology, and identify and dismantle oppressive structures that perpetuate ableism in teacher candidates.”
Initial Field Test of the SOARS (Student Ownership, Accountability, and Responsibility for School Safety) Framework for High Schools
Authors: Vincent Claudia G. , Walker Hill , Espelage Dorothy L. , Murray Christopher , Svanks Rita , Pennefather Jordan , Valido Alberto , Marquez Brion
Published: May 2022

We present outcomes from a field test of a student-centered and technology-driven school safety framework. We describe the framework components rooted in school violence prevention. Results from our field test indicate moderate student and teacher use of the framework components, improvements in student perceptions of school safety, reductions in student reported peer victimization, and reductions in teacher and parent reported inappropriate student behavior. Consumer satisfaction rating were adequate. We present recommendations for implementing a school safety framework emphasizing student voice.
Clinical nutrition approach in medical management of COVID-19 hospitalized patients: A narrative review
Authors: Roudi Fatemeh , Saghi Effat , Ayoubi Samaneh Sadat , Pouryazdanpanah Mahdieh
Published: May 2022

Background:

Malnutrition in COVID-19 hospitalized patients is associated with a high-risk condition to increase disease severity and prolonging the recovery period. Therefore, nutritional therapy, including supplements plays a critical role to reduce disease-related complications and the length of hospital stay.

Aim:

To review the latest evidence on nutritional management options in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, as well as possibly prescribed supplements. Methods: This review was conducted by considering the latest recommendations, using the guidelines of the American Society of Enteral and Parenteral (ASPEN) and the European Society of Enteral and Parenteral (ESPEN), and searching Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, ISI, and Medline databases. The relevant articles were found using a mix of related mesh terms and keywords. We attempted to cover all elements of COVID-19 hospitalized patients’ dietary management. Results: Energy demand in COVID-19 patients is a vital issue. Indirect Calorimetry (IC) is the recommended method to measure resting energy expenditure. However, in the absence of IC, predictive equations may be used. The ratio of administered diet for the macronutrients could be based on the phase and severity of Covid-19 disease. Moreover, there are recommendations for taking micronutrient supplements with known effects on improving the immune system or reducing inflammation. Conclusions: Nutritional treatment of COVID-19 patients in hospitals seems to be an important element of their medical care. Enteral nutrition would be the recommended feeding method for early nutrition support. However, data in the COVID-19 nutritional domain relating to micronutrient supplementation are still fragmentary and disputed, and further study is required.
Book review: Farhat Basir Khan, The Game of Votes: Visual Media Politics and Elections in the Digital Era
Authors: Majeed Tawseef
Published: May 2022

Farhat Basir Khan, The Game of Votes: Visual Media Politics and Elections in the Digital Era (New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2019), xix + 232 pp.
Book review: Mélanie Vijayaratnam, Un Sari Rouge en Héritage
Authors: Menski Werner
Published: May 2022

Mélanie Vijayaratnam, Un Sari Rouge en Héritage (Paris: Les Mondes de Parvati, 2021), 130 pp.