bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saharan dust contribution to the Caribbean summertime boundary layer – A lidar study during SALTRACE
Authors: Groß Silke , Gasteiger Josef , Freudenthaler Volker , Müller Thomas , Sauer Daniel , Toledano Carlos , Ansmann Albert
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Dual-wavelength lidar measurements with the small lidar system POLIS of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München were performed during the SALTRACE experiment at Barbados in June and July 2013. Based on high accurate measurements of the linear depolarization ratio down to about 150–200 m above ground level, the dust volume fraction and the dust mass concentration within the Caribbean boundary layer can be derived. Additional information from radiosonde launches at the ground-based measurement site provide independent information of the boundary layer height and the meteorological situation within the boundary layer. We investigate the lidar derived optical properties, the lidar ratio and the particle linear depolarization ratio at 355 and 532 nm and find over all mean values and mean uncertainties of 0.04 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.04 at 355 and 532 nm, respectively, for the particle linear depolarization ratio, and 26 ± 5 sr for the lidar ratio at 355 and 532 nm. For the concentration of dust in the Caribbean boundary layer we find that most values are between 20 and 50 g/m3, and that on most days the dust contribution to total aerosol volume is about 30–40 %. Comparing the dust contribution to the columnintegrated sun-photometer measurements we see a correlation of high dust contribution, high total aerosol optical depth and a corresponding low Angström exponent, and of low dust contribution with low total aerosol optical depth and corresponding high Angström exponent. The relative humidity within the boundary layer was high with values around 80 % on most of the days.
Organic and inorganic decomposition products from the thermal desorption of atmospheric particles
Authors: Williams Brent J. , Zhang Yaping , Zuo Xiaochen , Martinez Raul E. , Walker Michael J. , Kreisberg Nathan M. , Goldstein Allen H. , Docherty Kenneth S. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition is often analyzed using thermal desorption techniques to evaporate samples and deliver organic or inorganic molecules to various designs of detectors for identification and quantification. The organic aerosol (OA) fraction is composed of thousands of individual compounds, some with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality and, often contains oligomeric material, much of which may be susceptible to decomposition upon heating. Here we analyze thermal decomposition products as measured by a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) capable of separating thermal decomposition products from thermally stable molecules. The TAG impacts particles onto a collection and thermal desorption (CTD) cell, and upon completion of sample collection, heats and transfers the sample in a helium flow up to 310 °C. Desorbed molecules are refocused at the head of a gas chromatography column that is held at 45 °C and any volatile decomposition products pass directly through the column and into an electron impact quadrupole mass spectrometer. Analysis of the sample introduction (thermal decomposition) period reveals contributions of NO+ (m/z 30), NO2+ (m/z 46), SO+ (m/z 48), and SO2+ (m/z 64), derived from either inorganic or organic particle-phase nitrate and sulfate. CO2+ (m/z 44) makes up a major component of the decomposition signal, along with smaller contributions from other organic components that vary with the type of aerosol contributing to the signal (e.g., m/z 53, 82 observed here for isoprene-derived secondary OA). All of these ions are important for ambient aerosol analyzed with the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), suggesting similarity of the thermal desorption processes in both instruments. Ambient observations of these decomposition products compared to organic, nitrate, and sulfate mass concentrations measured by an AMS reveal good correlation, with improved correlations for OA when compared to the AMS oxygenated OA (OOA) component. TAG signal found in the traditional compound elution time period reveals higher correlations with AMS hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) combined with the fraction of OOA that is less oxygenated. Potential to quantify nitrate and sulfate aerosol mass concentrations using the TAG system is explored through analysis of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate standards. While chemical standards display a linear response in the TAG system, redesorptions of the CTD cell following ambient sample analysis show some signal carryover on sulfate and organics, and new desorption methods should be developed to improve throughput. Future standards should be composed of complex organic/inorganic mixtures, similar to what is found in the atmosphere, and perhaps will more accurately account for any aerosol mixture effects on compositional quantification.
Lidar arc scan uncertainty reduction through scanning geometry optimization
Authors: Wang Hui , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C. , Brown Gareth.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Doppler lidars are frequently operated in a mode referred to as arc scans, wherein the lidar beam scans across a sector with a fixed elevation angle and the resulting measurements are used to derive an estimate of the n minute horizontal mean wind velocity (speed and direction). Previous studies have shown that the uncertainty in the measured wind speed originates from turbulent wind fluctuations and depends on the scan geometry (the arc span and the arc orientation). This paper is designed to provide guidance on optimal scan geometries for two key applications in the wind energy industry: wind turbine power performance analysis and annual energy production prediction. We present a quantitative analysis of the retrieved wind speed uncertainty derived using a theoretical model with the assumption of isotropic and frozen turbulence, and observations from three sites that are onshore with flat terrain, onshore with complex terrain and offshore, respectively. The results from both the theoretical model and observations show that the uncertainty is scaled with the turbulence intensity such that the relative standard error on the 10 min mean wind speed is about 30 % of the turbulence intensity. The uncertainty in both retrieved wind speeds and derived wind energy production estimates can be reduced by aligning lidar beams with the dominant wind direction, increasing the arc span and lowering the number of beams per arc scan. Large arc spans should be used at sites with high turbulence intensity and/or large wind direction variation.
An inversion approach for determining distribution of production and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration
Authors: Latimer Robyn N. C. , Risk David A.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Physical soil properties create lags between temperature change and corresponding soil responses, which obscure true Q10 (temperature sensitivity) values and other biophysical parameters such as depth of production. This study examines an inversion approach for estimating Q10 and e-folding depth of CO2 production (Zp) using physically based soil models, constrained by observed high-frequency surface fluxes and/or concentrations. Our inversion strategy uses a one-dimensional (1-D) multi-layered soil model that simulates realistic temperature and gas diffusion. We tested inversion scenarios on synthetic data using a range of constraining parameters, time-averaging techniques, mechanisms to improve computational efficiency, and various methods of incorporating real data into the model. Overall, we have found that with carefully constrained data, inversion was possible. While inversions using exclusively surface-flux measurements could succeed, constraining the inversion using multiple shallow subsurface CO2 measurements proved to be most successful. Inversions constrained by these shallow measurements returned Q10 and Zp values with average errors of 1.85 and 0.16 % respectively. This work is a first step toward building a reliable framework for removing physical effects from high-frequency soil CO2 data. Ultimately, we hope that this process will lead to better estimates of biophysical soil parameters and their variability on short timescales.
Palaeo-sea-level and palaeo-ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies, and perspectives
Authors: Düsterhus André , Rovere Alessio , Carlson Anders E. , Horton Benjamin P. , Klemann Volker , Tarasov Lev , Barlow Natasha L. M. , Bradwell Tom , Clark Jorie , Dutton Andrea , Gehrels W. Roland , Hibbert Fiona D. , Hijma Marc P. , Khan Nicole , Kopp Robert E. , Sivan Dorit , Törnqvist Torbjörn E.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a sample, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the sample may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC3) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.
Overview of the Global Monsoons Model Inter-comparison Project (GMMIP)
Authors: Zhou Tianjun , Turner Andrew , Kinter James , Wang Bin , Qian Yun , Chen Xiaolong , Wang Bin , Liu Bo , Wu Bo , Zou Liwei
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Global Monsoons Model Inter-comparison Project (GMMIP) has been endorsed by the panel of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) as one of the participating MIPs in the sixth phase of CMIP (CMIP6). The focus of GMMIP is on monsoon climatology, variability, prediction and projection, which is relevant to four of the "Grand Challenges" proposed by the World Climate Research Programme. At present, 21 international modelling groups are committed to joining GMMIP. This overview paper introduces the motivation behind GMMIP and the scientific questions it intends to answer. Three tiers of experiments, of decreasing priority, are designed to examine: (a) model skill in simulating the climatology and interannual-to-multidecadal variability of global monsoons during SST-forced experiments of the historical climate period; (b) the roles of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in driving variations of the global and regional monsoons; and (c) the effects of large orographic terrain on the establishment of the monsoons. The outputs of the CMIP6 DECK, "historical" simulation and other MIPs will also be used in the diagnostic analysis of GMMIP to give a comprehensive understanding of the roles played by different external forcings, potential improvements in the simulation of monsoon rainfall at high resolution and predictability at decadal time scales. The implementation of GMMIP will improve our understanding of the fundamental physics of changes in the global and regional monsoons over the past 140 years and ultimately benefit monsoon prediction and projection in the current century.
The Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Program (LS3MIP): aims, set-up and expected outcome
Authors: van den Hurk Bart , Kim Hyungjun , Krinner Gerhard , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Derksen Chris , Oki Taikan , Douville Hervé , Colin Jeanne , Ducharne Agnès , Cheruy Frederique , Viovy Nicholas , Puma Michael , Wada Yoshihide , Li Weiping , Jia Binghao , Alessandri Andrea , Lawrence Dave , Weedon Graham P. , Ellis Richard , Hagemann Stefan , Mao Jiafu , Flanner Mark G. , Zampieri Matteo , Law Rachel , Sheffield Justin
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of land surface, snow, and soil moisture feedbacks on climate variability and climate change, and to diagnose systematic biases in the land modules of current Earth System Models (ESMs). The solid and liquid water stored at the land surface has a large influence on the regional climate, its variability and predictability, including effects on the energy, water and carbon cycles. Notably, snow and soil moisture affect surface radiation and flux partitioning properties, moisture storage and land surface memory. They both strongly affect atmospheric conditions, in particular surface air temperature and precipitation, but also large-scale circulation patterns. However, models show divergent responses and representations of these feedbacks as well as systematic biases in the underlying processes. LS3MIP will provide the means to quantify the associated uncertainties and better constrain climate change projections, which is of particular interest for highly vulnerable regions (densely populated areas, agricultural regions, the Arctic, semi-arid and other sensitive terrestrial ecosystems). The experiments are subdivided in two components, the first addressing systematic land biases in offline mode ("LMIP", building upon the 3rd phase of Global Soil Wetness Project; GSWP3) and the second addressing land feedbacks attributed to soil moisture and snow in an integrated framework ("LFMIP", building upon the GLACE-CMIP blueprint).
Oligomer formation in the troposphere: from experimental knowledge to 3-D modeling
Authors: Lemaire Vincent , Coll Isabelle , Couvidat Florian , Mouchel-Vallon Camille , Seigneur Christian , Siour Guillaume
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols has proven to be a critical element of air quality and climate issues. However, its composition and the aging processes it undergoes remain insufficiently understood. This work builds on laboratory knowledge to simulate the formation of oligomers from biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) in the troposphere at the continental scale. We compare the results of two different modeling approaches, a first-order kinetic process and a pH-dependent parameterization, both implemented in the CHIMERE air quality model (AQM) (www.lmd.polytechnique.fr/chimere), to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of oligomerized secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over western Europe. We also included a comparison of organic carbon (OC) concentrations at two EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) stations. Our results show that there is a strong dependence of the results on the selected modeling approach: while the irreversible kinetic process leads to the oligomerization of about 50 % of the total BSOA mass, the pH-dependent approach shows a broader range of impacts, with a strong dependency on environmental parameters (pH and nature of aerosol) and the possibility for the process to be reversible. In parallel, we investigated the sensitivity of each modeling approach to the representation of SOA precursor solubility (Henry's law constant values). Finally, the pros and cons of each approach for the representation of SOA aging are discussed and recommendations are provided to improve current representations of oligomer formation in AQMs.
Concentration, sources and light absorption characteristics of dissolved organic carbon on a typical glacier, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan F. , Kang S. , Li C. , Zhang Y. , Qin X. , Li Y. , Zhang X. , Hu Z. , Chen P. , Li X. , Qu B. , Sillanpää M.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Light-absorbing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes a major part of the organic carbon in the glacierized region. It has important influences on the carbon cycle and radiative forcing of glaciers. However, currently, few data are available in the glacierized region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, DOC characteristics of a typical glacier (Laohugou glacier No. 12 (LHG glacier)) in the Northeastern TP were investigated. Generally, DOC concentrations on LHG glacier were comparable to other glacierized regions around the world. The average DOC concentrations in snowpits, surface snow, surface ice (superimposed ice) and proglacial streamwater were 332.4 ± 132.3 μg L−1, 229.3 ± 104.4 μg L−1, 425.8 ± 269.9 μg L−1, and 237.5 ± 95.6 μg L−1, respectively. It was estimated that the annual DOC flux released from this glacier was 6949.4 kg C yr−1, of which 43.2 % DOC was bioavailable and could be decomposed into CO2 within 28 days of its release. The mass absorption cross section (MAC) of DOC at 365 nm was 1.4 ± 0.4 m2 g−1 in snow and 1.3 ± 0.7 m2 g−1 in ice, similar to those of dust transported from adjacent deserts. Based on this finding and the significant relationship between DOC and Ca2+, it was proven that the main source of DOC of this glacier was mineral dust. The radiative forcing of DOC relative to black carbon (BC) was calculated to be 9.5 ± 8.4 % in snow and 0.1 ± 0.1 % in ice, respectively, implying the necessity of accounting for DOC in future radiative forcing investigations in the glacierized region on the TP, especially when these areas are covered by fresh snow.
La influencia del género en la dirección de las sociedades cooperativas españolas sobre la rentabilidad y el endeudamiento: un análisis empírico
Authors: Hernández Nicolás Carmen María , Martín Ugedo Juan Francisco , Minguez Vera Antonio
Published: April 2016

En el presente trabajo se aborda la reclamación por el mercado de una nueva gestión empresarial que asegure la presencia de la mujer en la toma de decisiones para dar respuesta a las nuevas necesidades sociales. Así, este trabajo analiza la influencia de la diversidad de género de los consejeros sobre la rentabilidad y el nivel de endeudamiento para una muestra de 5.199 cooperativas españolas. A diferencia de las sociedades capitalistas, estas organizaciones presentan una serie de peculiaridades en su gobierno, ya que los socios son a su vez principales, agentes y clientes. El estudio se centra en el contexto español, donde existe un debate abierto sobre la importancia de la gestión empresarial femenina impulsado, como en otros países, por la proliferación de legislación sobre la igualdad de género, siendo, además, España el país pionero en contar con una legislación específica sobre Economía Social. Los resultados muestran que las cooperativas con mayor representación femenina en su Consejo Rector presentan una mayor rentabilidad. Por otro lado, en aquellos consejos con un mayor porcentaje de mujeres muestran un menor nivel de endeudamiento.
Custom-Made Femoral Implants in Total HIP Arthroplasty Due to Congenital Disease of the HIP: A Review
Authors: Tsiampas Dimitrios T. , Pakos Emilios E. , Georgiadis Georgios C. , Xenakis Theodoros A.
Published: April 2016

Congenital disease of the hip (CDH) is a common reason for the development of secondary osteoarthritis at the hip joint and the need for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The distorted femoral anatomy in patients with CDH in combination with soft tissue considerations and leg length discrepancy complicate the procedure of THA and this sometimes precludes the implantation of classical industry designed femoral stems. In such cases a customised femoral implant must be used in order to optimise the fit of the stem to the femur, to improve strain distribution and to reconstruct hip biomechanics. The present study reviews the preoperative planning, the design and material selection of custom-made implants, the surgical techniques and the reported clinical results of the published literature on the use of custom-made femoral implants in patients with CDH.
Atrial Fibrillation in Dialysis Patients: Time to Abandon Warfarin?
Authors: Brancaccio Diego , Neri Luca , Bellocchio Francesco , Barbieri Carlo , Amato Claudia , Mari Flavio , Canaud Bernard , Stuard Stefano
Published: April 2016

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent clinical complication in dialysis patients, and warfarin therapy represents the most common approach for reducing the risk of stroke in this population. However, current evidence based on observational studies, offer conflicting results, whereas no randomized controlled trials have been carried out so far. Additionally, many clinicians are wary of the possible role of warfarin as vascular calcification inducer and its potential to increase the high risk of bleeding among patients on dialysis. Ideally the most promising therapy would be based on direct inhibitors of factor Ila or Xa; however, at the moment, none of these drugs can be safely prescribed in dialysis patients, because of their potentially dangerous accumulation, and the lack of sufficient experience with apixaban or rivaroxaban, two drugs showing a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in end-stage renal disease. Hence, the use of vitamin K inhibitors is currently the only pharmacological option for stroke prevention in dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation, leaving the clinicians in a management conundrum.

This review discusses the trade-offs implicated in warfarin use for this population, the promises of newly developed drugs, the role of dialysis as atrial fibrillation trigger, as well as potential non-pharmacological management options suitable in selected clinical situations.
Pediatric Craniospinal Irradiation with Conventional Technique or Helical Tomotherapy: Impact of Age and Body Volume on Integral Dose
Authors: Barra Salvina , Gusinu Marco , Timon Giorgia , Giannelli Flavio , Vidano Giulia , Garrè Maria Luisa , Corvò Renzo
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The use of helical tomotherapy (HT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in pediatric patients remains an issue of discussion. In this study, we evaluated the integral dose (ID) to organs at risk (OARs) and to the whole body delivered with conventional 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and HT for pediatric patients and made a comparison according to different whole body volumes.

Methods

We selected 10 pediatric patients with different body volumes and of different ages undergoing CSI. Plans for 3D-CRT and HT were developed for each patient. The ID to OARs and to the whole body were compared and statistical analyses were performed to determine differences.

Results

We noticed that variations of ID depend on the different anatomical location of the organs relatively to the target, with lower ID to OARs opposed to the target and increased ID to lateral organs: ID tomotherapy/3D-CRT ratio was higher in lungs, kidneys, and mammary region, while it was lower in heart, liver, thyroid, and esophagus. The ID of the body increased with large volumes both in HT and in 3D-CRT plans, but in tomotherapy plans ID increased significantly more with large volumes than with small ones.

Conclusions

While there are no differences in using tomotherapy or 3D-CRT with small body volumes, we found a difference with large volumes (≥20,000 mL vs ≤20,000 mL). Therefore, for very small patients, the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy provided with tomotherapy to reduce the dose to OARs can be reconsidered.
Simetrias entre forma e conteúdo na disseminação da pesquisa científica/Symmetries between form and content in the dissemination of scientific research
Authors: Wendel de Camargo Hertz
Published: April 2016

Esta edição da revista “Ação Midiática” marca um momento de mudanças e desafios. As mudanças começam com a entrada de uma nova equipe que, a partir de agosto de 2015, assumiu a edição e a coordenação da publicação [...]. Os desafios foram, principalmente, manter a qualidade editorial construída pela equipe anterior ao longo de nove edições [...]. Em nossa primeira reunião surgiu a “pedra fundamental” para o que desejaríamos construir dali em diante, uma pergunta simples: por que a ciência não pode ter uma forma atraente e em harmonia com os novos comportamentos de consumo digital?
Audiência radiofônica: a construção de um conceito a partir da metamorfose do meio
Authors: Cristina Lopez Debora , Viana Luana , Kárita Alves Ticiane , Stefani Ferreira Laís , Francielle dos Santos Priscila
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo busca, a partir de um percurso histórico-descritivo, desenhar o perfil da audiência radiofônica no cenário da convergência. Para isso, construímos uma revisão de literatura organizada a partir dos marcos da história do meio, observando a importância da audiência na definição de sua essência, de seu conteúdo e de suas características. Trata-se de um olhar quase ensaístico, em que se busca compreender o fenômeno a partir de seu contexto. O estudo, que integra a primeira etapa de um projeto mais amplo, indica uma reversão na relação entre o rádio e sua audiência, passando de uma lógica verticalizada para outra inicialmente horizontalizada, que contempla sujeitos mais ativos e menos contemplativos.
Narrativas fotojornalísticas: o caso do blog Diário da Foto
Authors: Sallet Beatriz , Henn Ronaldo Cesar
Published: April 2016

O artigo aborda a produção e edição fotojornalística no blog Diário da Foto, produzido pela editoria de Fotografia do jornal Diário Gaúcho, de Porto Alegre. Nesse espaço, as práticas jornalísticas reconfiguram-se e a fotografia única, característica do fotojornalismo, dá lugar às sequências fotográficas, que relatam histórias através de imagens em séries. A partir da análise do ensaio “Nem os guarda-chuvas aguentam”, problematizamos o tratamento do material fotojornalístico no blog e na versão impressa. Percebemos que o blog converte-se em espaço para o desenvolvimento de outras possibilidades de narrativas que podem acionar camadas pouco exploradas dos acontecimentos. O processo enquadra-se em uma lógica de convergência, na qual as narrativas fotojornalísticas espalham-se e conectam-se mobilizadas por plataformas múltiplas.
Sobre o dossiê especial Comunicação e Cibercultura/About the special dossier Communication and Cyberculture
Authors: Del Vecchio-Lima Myrian , Fortes Fiebig Manoella
Published: April 2016

Esta edição da revista Ação Midiática publica o dossiê Comunicação e Cultura Ciber, dedicado a reflexões contemporâneas sobre as novas formas de se comunicar em um espaço cultural global marcado pelas tecnologias digitais online e multiplataforma e por fluxos comunicacionais cada vez mais integrados em rede, propiciados em especial pelos dispositivos móveis portáteis. Também chamada de cultura de convergência, a fase atual altera, sob variados aspectos, em especial no âmbito da Comunicação, as mais diversas práticas dos campos profissionais e as rotinas de seus atores, produtores/receptores.
A fotografia no contexto da experimentação contemporânea
Authors: Salles Cecilia Almeida
Published: April 2016

 

 O propósito deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão sobre a experimentação artística contemporânea tomando como eixo a fotografia, a partir de uma abordagem crítica que enfoca os processos de criação.  Tendo como ponto de partida a amplitude que envolve tais experimentações, o recorte aqui proposto discute a fotografia e suas interações. Partimos assim de um olhar sobre os procedimentos fotográficos para pensar seus desdobramentos que serão aqui observados sobre diferentes perspectivas: estudos de processos de fotógrafos, a fotografia de passagem, os registros de processos e o amplo campo de exploração de arquivos.
O Corpo maculado: a promoção de uma cultura visual do homem na Publicidade
Authors: Januário Soraya Barreto
Published: April 2016

A pesquisa propõe a análise dos corpos masculinos retratados na publicidade nas revistas masculinas de estilo de vida. Com o intuito de identificar as características que compõem uma cultura visual baseada na exposição do corpo na publicidade. A abordagem metodológica de investigação será a análise de conteúdo visual nas publicidades veiculadas em 2011 nas revistas de estilo de vida masculinas, nomeadamente Men’s Health, GQ Portugal e Max Men.
Adaptações cômicas em metáforas (de humor digital) na tematização da greve dos professores do Paraná em 2015
Authors: Gadini Sérgio Luiz
Published: April 2016

As manifestações críticas registram experiências e envolvem a utilização de uma variedade de dispositivos, meios e técnicas. A greve dos servidores públicos do Paraná, no primeiro semestre de 2015, afetou diversos setores da administração (como as universidades estaduais) durante mais de 100 dias e possibilitou o uso de incontáveis recursos de expressão. O texto aborda o compartilhamento de informação pelo uso de imagens de integrantes do grupo político responsável pela administração do Paraná, que se tornaram motivos de piada viral ou 'meme', em boa medida impulsionada pelo uso das redes sociais.
De vuelta a Lipsky el caso del Programa Estructural en Areas de Riesgo (PEAR) del Municipio de Belo Horizonte (Brasil)
Authors: Salej Silvio , Ardila Ana , Bragato Josiane
Published: April 2016

Las prácticas de las llamadas «burocracias a pie de calle» (street-level bureaucracy, SLB) constituyen un problema central a la hora de entender los procesos de implementación de políticas públicas. El trabajo seminal de Lipsky sentó las bases teóricas para un análisis metódico de este tipo de prácticas. Sin embargo, la apropiación de Lipsky, al menos en el contexto latinoamericano, se ha limitado a la citación parcial sin un examen empírico riguroso de la teoría. Nuestro análisis del PEAR, basado en datos primarios (participación etnográfica, entrevistas, grupos focales) y secundarios (textos oficiales), identificó prácticas y contextos no previstos por la teoría. Contrariamente a los postulados teóricos, encontramos que las hipótesis de comportamiento sobre racionalización del servicio y de la simplificación cognitiva, no son buenos predictores de las relaciones de los burócratas a pie de calle (SLBs) con sus ciudadanos.
Panel Data Approach of the Firm’s Value Determinants: Evidence from the Jordanian Industrial Firms
Authors: Ramadan Imad Zeyad
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to investigate the main determinants of the industrial firms' value in developing countries namely Jordan. To achieve this goal all 77 ASE listed industrial firms for the period from 2000 to 2014 were utilized resulting in 974 firm-year observations. Twelve firm specific variables, namely, firm's size; firm's age; firm's risk level; firm's sales revenue; firm's operating cost; firm's tax rate; firm's net margin; firm's capital expenditure; firm's book value; firm's earning per share; firm's dividend per share and firm's pay-out ratio, were tested as a possible determinates of the firm's value.  After testing for Multicollinearity and Heteroscedasticity the result of the unbalanced panel data Multi-regression model approach shows that the joint effect of the twelve potential determinants interprets about 37% of the variation in the value of the Jordanian industrial firms listed at ASE (R-squares = 0.3682), therefore, firm's in developing countries like Jordan should concentrate on these specific variables of the firms in order to improve the value and thus the wealth of the shareholders.
Another finding of the study is that the firm's risk level and tax rate are not statistically significant drivers of the Jordanian industrial firm's value. The findings of the effect of firm's risk level and tax rate on the firm's value were contrary with Tiwari Ranjit et al (2015) and Rappaport (1998) respectively.
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach for the Jordanian Banking Sector's Performance
Authors: Ramadan Imad Zeyad
Published: April 2016

This study sought to evaluate the performance of banks in the Jordanian banking sector, where DEA approach has been used for a sample of banks operating in Jordan amounted to 16 banks (10 Jordanian banks and 6 foreign banks operating in Jordan) during 2014 and by using the variables: Deposits and liabilities, Total expenses and Dedicated asset as main inputs for banks and which represent the main activity of banks, and the variables : Credit facilities and Net Income as outputs of the banks using the statistical software SIAD.
The current study has concluded that all banks operating in Jordan have a surplus in resources untapped optimally and over the investment opportunities available to these banks, and the reason beyond this may be due to the reservation policy of banks, especially after the mortgage crisis suffered by these banks. The study has also concluded that foreign banks operating in Jordan have achieved efficiency ratio more than the Jordanian banks, and this can be attributed to the financing experience of foreign banks’ managements and their international spread which is more than the Jordanian banks’.
Locus of Control revisited: Development of a new bi-dimensional measure
Authors: Suárez-Álvarez Javier , Pedrosa Ignacio , García-Cueto Eduardo , Muñiz José
Published: April 2016

Locus of control (LOC) has a long tradition in Psychology, and various instruments have been designed for its measurement. However, the dimensionality of the construct is unclear, and still gives rise to considerable controversy. The aim of the present work is to present new evidence of validity in relation to the dimensionality of LOC. To this end, we developed a new measurement instrument with 23 items. The sample was made up of 697 Spanish participants, of whom 57.5% were women (M=22.43; SD= 9.19). The results support the bi-dimensionality of LOC: internal (α=.87) and external (α=.85). Furthermore, both subscales have shown adequate validity evidence in relation to self-efficacy, achievement motivation and optimism (rxy> .21). Statistically significant differences were found by sex (p < .05): men scored higher in external LOC and women in internal LOC. The validity evidence supports a two-dimensional structure for the LOC, and the measurement instrument developed showed adequate psychometric properties.
Salud mental en reclusos. Un análisis pre-post intervención psicosocial con grupo control de comparación
Authors: Bascón Díaz Miguel Jesús , Vargas Girón Virginia
Published: April 2016

Scientific literature indicates a high incidence of mental disorders in prisons. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate psychosocial health and self-regulation of inmates compared with a control group of non-inmates participants. In addition, we try to determine the incidence of the variable time spent in prison and to analyze the effect of training in social and communicative skills. The sample consisted of 20 males, 10 inmates (five with more than one year of sentence and five with less) and 10 participants with no criminal history. Participants were administered the health questionnaire GHQ-28 and the MAPA scale of self-regulation. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U) tests were used to calculate probabilities and Cramer's test (V) as an indicator of effect size. Results evidenced that reclusion was not necessarily associated to poorer health and self-regulation, that the influence of the length of the sentence on these two dimensions was small and that training in social and communicative skills did not produce significant effects on inmates’ health and self-regulation. To conclude, some general reflections as well as new proposals to improve future interventions are discussed
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile
Authors: Alfaro Jaime , Guzman Javier , Sirlopu David , Garcia Catalina , Reyes Fernando , Gaudlitz Lorraine
Published: April 2016

This paper analizes the psychometric properties of the Huebner’s SLSS in a sample of Chilean boys and girls. It was applied to 1096 students between 10 and 12 years old (M=11; SD= 0.89) who attended public, semiprivate and private schools in Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción. Reliability analysis of internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were made. Results show an acceptable reliability in the internal consistency of the scale (α=.86); the factor analysis reveals two factors in the factor structure of the scale that correspond with life satisfaction and desire of change. The bi-factor solution of the model is discussed whereas it does not correspond to results in other investigations. This study reports results of the SLSS in child population and contributes to the use and development of assessment tools for social indicators that consider the self-report of subjective well-being in Chilean children.
Le postulat d’un acteur rationnel en sciences humaines : une demi-vérité persistante
Authors: Laflamme Simon
Published: April 2016

Le postulat d’un acteur rationnel, autonome, conscient, intentionnel et intéressé a maintes fois été dénoncé, notamment par les approches relationnelles. Les critiques ont rappelé l’importance de l’inconscient et de l’émotion dans la psyché humaine, l’impossibilité de comprendre l’action humaine en dehors d’un rapport aux structures sociales, le caractère illégitime d’une subjectivité qui délibère de façon monadique. À elles seules, ces critiques auraient dû évacuer depuis longtemps l’axiomatique rationalisante. Pourtant, cette axiomatique ne perd rien de sa vigueur; elle continue à dominer les modélisations en sciences humaines. La question se pose de savoir comment elle fait pour s’éterniser. Il faut bien qu’elle justifie son existence. Nous avons repéré sept manières par lesquelles les spécialistes des sciences humaines parviennent à légitimer cette axiomatique, qui est au mieux une demi-vérité. Nous relevons et dépeignons chacune de ces justifications et montrons qu’aucune d’elles ne représente réellement une réponse à la critique relationnelle.
Emergencia de populismo y ruptura de acuerdos políticos
Authors: Ulloa César
Published: April 2016

Why is the emergence of populism possible in some countries but not in others? The answer revolves around an exercise in comparative politics, in which Ecuador, Venezuela and Uruguay are considered as case studies, over a period ranging from the third wave of democratization (1980) to the first decade of the 21st century. The conjecture proposed here is that the institutional crisis that led to populism is related to two situations: a) the incapacity of political parties to consolidate power sharing and the distribution of quotas to achieve balances, and b) the absence of these conditions.
Innovaciones comunicativas y cambios de los sistemas socioeconómicos. Interpretaciones de sus efectos en los textos científicos
Authors: Velarde Hermida Olivia , Bernete García Francisco
Published: April 2016

Our work aims to see how the interdependencies among transformations in communication and social changes are addressed, from the perspective of reproduction of or change in today’s globalized societies. To that end, we carried out a study entitled “The Social Production of Communication and Social Reproduction in the Globalization Era,” which has served as the basis for this article. We analyzed the content of academic publications and identified the repertoire of new socioeconomic scenarios that are being considered in scientific fields. Scenarios of a “globalized” future clarify transformations related to social uses of new communication and information technologies. The references to these future scenarios describe macro-sociological and historical processes.
La metáfora del viaje del héroe en la narración de nietos de expresos políticos: la postmemoria de la prisión política y tortura en Chile
Authors: Faúndez Abarca Ximena , Díaz Fuad Hatibovic
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes the post-memory of grandchildren of former political prisoners who were imprisoned under the Chilean civic-military dictatorship. The participants in the study were 14 young people of an average age of 21.4 years, from the regions of Metropolitana and La Araucanía. The life story was the technique used for producing the information. A narrative analysis was done based on interdisciplinary inputs from the theory of interpretation and discourse theory. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify the use of the metaphor of the hero´s journey in the narratives. The tension with respect to the positions of victim, witness and hero is discussed, as well as the need for social confirmation of experiences of political violence.
All AlGaN epitaxial structure solar-blind avalanche photodiodes with high efficiency and high gain
Authors: Wu Hualong , Wu Weicong , Zhang Hongxian , Chen Yingda , Wu Zhisheng , Wang Gang , Jiang Hao
Published: April 2016

Solar-blind avalanche photodiodes were fabricated with an all AlGaN-based epitaxial structure on sapphire by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The devices demonstrate a maximum responsivity of 114.1 mA/W at 278 nm and zero bias, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 52.7%. The EQE improves to 64.8% under a bias of −10 V. Avalanche gain higher than 2 × 104 was obtained at a bias of −140 V. The high performance is attributed to the all AlGaN-based p–i–n structure comprised of undoped and Si-doped n-type Al0.4Ga0.6N on a high quality AlN layer and highly conductive p-type AlGaN grown with In-surfactant-assisted Mg-delta doping.
Independently tunable double electromagenetically induced transparency-like resonances in asymmetric plasmonic waveguide resonator system
Authors: Yu Da-Ming , Wang Ling-Ling , Lin Qi , Zhai Xiang , Li Hong-Ju , Xia Sheng-Xuan
Published: April 2016

Double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonances are numerically achieved by detuning and bright-dark coupling in an asymmetric plasmonic waveguide resonator system. The transmission properties of the system are simulated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Just because double EIT-like resonances originate from different mechanisms, a single EIT-like resonance can be well tuned independently, namely, one induced transparency window can be tuned in the horizontal direction while the other one is nearly invariable. The present design idea will be applicable in highly integrated optical circuits. Moreover, the formation of double EIT-like resonances may play a guiding role when designing plasmonic devices.
Ferroelectric properties of vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer thin films consisting of needle-like crystals
Authors: Nakagawa Yuuta , Hashizume Yoichiro , Nakajima Takashi , Okamura Soichiro
Published: April 2016

Unique ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride (VDF)/tetrafluoroethylene (TeFE) copolymer thin films consisting of needle-like crystals were formed using Au-sputtered substrates. The VDF/TeFE films with a mixing ratio of

mol % were melted at 170 °C for 30 min and then recrystallized at 116 °C for 300 min. The molecules in the resultant needle-like crystals had a β-phase form and showed 200/110 orientation, while the direction of each needle-like crystal was random in-plane. The remanent polarization of the 450-nm-thick VDF/TeFE films consisting of the needle-like crystals were estimated to be 62 mC/m2 from the electric displacement vs electric field (D–E) hysteresis measurement at the applied field of 156 MV/m and the frequency of 10 Hz. The remanent polarization of 62 mC/m2 was approximately 50% larger than that of conventional VDF/TeFE films consisting of plate-like crystals.
Hall-effect measurements of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy-grown p-type homoepitaxial GaN layers with various Mg concentrations
Authors: Horita Masahiro , Takashima Shinya , Tanaka Ryo , Matsuyama Hideaki , Ueno Katsunori , Edo Masaharu , Suda Jun
Published: April 2016

Mg-doped p-type gallium nitride (GaN) layers with doping concentrations in the range from 6.5 × 1016 cm−3 (lightly doped) to 3.8 × 1019 cm−3 (heavily doped) were investigated by Hall-effect measurement for the analysis of hole concentration and mobility. p-GaN was homoepitaxially grown on a GaN free-standing substrate by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. The threading dislocation density of the p-GaN was 4 × 106 cm−2 measured by cathodoluminescence mapping. Hall-effect measurements of p-GaN were carried out at a temperature in the range from 160 to 450 K. A low compensation ratio of less than 1% was revealed. We also obtained the depth of the Mg acceptor level of 235 meV considering the lowering effect by the Coulomb potential of ionized acceptors. The hole mobilities of 33 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K and 72 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 200 K were observed in lightly doped p-GaN.
Properties of single-layer MoS2 film fabricated by combination of sputtering deposition and post deposition sulfurization annealing using (t-C4H9)2S2
Authors: Ishihara Seiya , Hibino Yusuke , Sawamoto Naomi , Suda Kohei , Ohashi Takumi , Matsuura Kentarou , Machida Hideaki , Ishikawa Masato , Sudoh Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Hitoshi , Ogura Atsushi
Published: April 2016

The fabrication of a high-quality single-layer MoS2 film was achieved at a sufficiently low temperature of 500 °C by the combination of sputtering deposition and post deposition sulfurization annealing. Fabrication only by sputtering produces unintentionally sulfur-deficient nonstoichiometric films with poor crystalline quality in nature, making it difficult to fabricate atomically thin sputtered MoS2 films, especially with a single layer. From the results of the sulfurization annealing, sulfur deficiencies in the film were fully complemented and the crystalline quality, especially in-plane symmetry, was dramatically improved. The quasi-layered structure of the sputtered-MoS2 film led to the success in achieving low-temperature sulfurization annealing. Moreover, the film had large area uniformity, accurate thickness controllability, a direct bandgap of 1.86 eV, and an extremely high visible transmittance of more than 97%. Therefore, we consider that the fabrication technique will contribute to realizing MoS2 display applications such as a low-power-consumption thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display.
Effects of dual-spacer dielectrics on low-power and high-speed performance of sub-10 nm tunneling field-effect transistors
Authors: Yoon Young Jun , Seo Jae Hwa , Cho Seongjae , Kwon Hyuck-In , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang In Man
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we propose and investigate a dual-spacer dielectric structure for realizing a sub-10 nm tunneling field-effect transistors (TFET) with excellent low-power (LP) and switching performance. The effects of the dual-spacer dielectric were assessed by analyzing the direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) performance of the GaAs0.5Sb0.5/In0.53Ga0.47As heterojunction-based short channel TFETs. The dual-spacer dielectric that consists of hafnium oxide (HfO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) raises an energy-band on drain-side because of the fringe field induced by the high-k spacer dielectric HfO2. The raised energy-band suppresses direct band-to-band tunneling (BBT) through the channel region and drain-induced barrier thinning (DIBT) phenomenon with improvement in the off-state current (I
off) and subthreshold swing (S). The dual-spacer dielectric also influences total gate capacitance (C
gg) because the HfO2 in the dual-spacer dielectric increases out-fringe capacitance (C
of) in gate-to-drain capacitance (C
gd). Although the proposed TFET has a high C
gd, the optimized TFET with the HfO2 length (L
dual-spacer) of 30 nm achieves a lower intrinsic delay time (τ), a higher cut-off frequency (f
T), and a higher maximum oscillation frequency (f
max) owing to higher current performance and smaller gate-to-source capacitance (C
gs).