bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observing System Simulation Experiments Exploring Potential Spaceborne Deployment Options for a Differential Absorption Radar Measuring Marine Surface Pressures
Authors: Privé N. C. , McLinden Matthew , Lin Bing , Heymsfield G. M. , Cai Xia , Harrah Steven
Published: October 2024

A new technology for remote measurements of marine surface pressure has been proposed, employing a V‐band differential absorption radar and a radiometric temperature sounder to calculate the total column atmospheric mass. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to evaluate the potential impact of Spaceborne Marine Surface Pressure (SMSP) on Numerical Weather Prediction. These experiments build on prior efforts (Privé, McLinden, et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusa.3254), but with an updated version of the OSSE framework and with more sophisticated simulation of the SMSP observations and a longer experiment period. Several different instrument configurations are compared, including both scanning and non‐scanning orbits. SMSP impacts are calculated for analysis quality and forecast skill, and a forecast sensitivity observation impact tool is employed to place SMSP observations in context with the global observing network. The effects of rain contamination on observation quality are explored. Different magnitudes of simulated SMSP observation error are tested in the context of data assimilation to show the range of potential behaviors. Overall, SMSP observations are found to be most beneficial in the southern hemisphere extratropics, with statistically significant forecast improvements for the first 72 hr of the forecast. A constellation of four non‐scanning SMSP satellites is found to outperform a single scanning instrument with a 250 km wide swath.
WUS324: Multiscale Full Waveform Inversion Approaching Convergence Improves Waveform Fits While Imaging Seismic Structure of the Western United States
Authors: Rodgers A. J. , Doody C. D. , Fichtner A.
Published: October 2024

We report a new model of radially anisotropic crustal and upper mantle structure of the western United States (WUS324) obtained from full waveform inversion of earthquake data. We ran three multiscale inversion stages beyond model WUS256 (Rodgers et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024549) allowing them to approach convergence to fit a larger data set to a shorter minimum period of 16 s. WUS324 is based on 324 total iterations from its starting model, significantly more (16 times) than previous studies. Waveform misfit reductions are 66%–70% for both the inversion data and an independent validation data set providing confidence in the predictive power of the model. WUS324 provides much better fits and reveals shear wavespeed, vS, structure of this large region with more detail than previous waveform tomography models. We show representative images demonstrating the resolution of diverse seismic structure across this highly heterogeneous region including oceanic lithosphere, subducting slabs and continental magmatism.
Seasonality of Submesoscale Vertical Heat Transport Modulated by Oceanic Mesoscale Eddies in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Wang Qingyue , Dong Changming , Dong Jihai
Published: October 2024

Energetic mesoscale eddies are often accompanied by strong submesoscale variability, which plays a significant role in connecting mesoscale and turbulent motions in the ocean and leads to strong vertical motions. The product of a high‐resolution (1/48°) oceanic numerical model, the LLC4320, is employed to investigate the seasonal variations of vertical heat transport induced by submesoscale processes within multiple mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. In different seasons, the submesoscale vertical heat transport exhibits a consistent upward pattern, with notably higher magnitudes observed during winter. In winter, the maxima value of submesoscale vertical heat flux (SVHF) can account for approximately 60% of the total vertical heat flux (VHF). This is equivalent to the average net sea surface heat flux in a single eddy region. In summer and autumn, the maxima absolute value of submesoscale vertical heat flux can account for approximately 30% of the total VHF. Energy analysis reveals that baroclinic instability associated with vertical buoyancy flux has a crucial effect on generating submesoscale processes within the eddy region. The submesoscale motions are influenced by the mixed layer instability, strain‐induced frontogenesis, turbulent thermal wind and turbulent thermal wind‐induced frontogenesis within the upper mixed layer, while they are largely associated with the strain‐induced frontogenesis in the ocean interior. Furthermore, the upward low‐frequency submesoscale vertical heat transport is generated by submesoscale secondary circulation at eddy peripheries.
Submesoscale Processes in the Northern Red Sea: Insights From Underwater Glider Observations
Authors: Chu Fushuo , Yu Xiaolong , Krokos George , Hoteit Ibrahim , Asfahani Khaled , Zhan Peng
Published: October 2024

The critical role of oceanic submesoscale currents in promoting energy cascade and modulating biogeochemical processes as well as the heat budget in the upper ocean has gained wide recognition. Although high‐resolution numerical simulations have enabled qualitative investigation of the spatiotemporal variability of submesoscale processes in the north Red Sea (NRS), observational evidence remains scarce. This study investigated the submesoscale processes in the NRS through field observations of underwater gliders. High‐resolution glider and satellite observation data sets reveal the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of submesoscale fronts and deepen mixed layer depth during winter. Diagnosis of potential vorticity (PV) and classifications of submesoscale instabilities demonstrate conducive conditions for the mixed layer baroclinic, gravitational, and symmetric instability. The significant negative PV induced by atmospheric cooling associated with robust fronts promotes the development of submesoscale processes. Combining the Omega equation with biogeochemical observations suggests that coherent pathways via submesoscale processes lead to the vertical transport of biomass and oxygen patches, supplying nutrients into the euphotic layer and ventilating hypoxic waters at depths. These results demonstrate the fundamental role of submesoscale processes in the ocean dynamics of the NRS.
A Review of the Oceanography and Antarctic Bottom Water Formation Offshore Cape Darnley, East Antarctica
Authors: Blanckensee Sienna N. , Gwyther David E. , Galton‐Fenzi Ben K. , Gunn Kathryn L. , Herraiz‐Borreguero Laura , Ohshima Kay I. , Portela Esther , Post Alexandra L. , Bostock Helen C.
Published: October 2024

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is the densest water mass in the world and drives the lower limb of the global thermohaline circulation. AABW is formed in only four regions around Antarctica and Cape Darnley, East Antarctica, is the most recently discovered formation region. Here, we compile 40 years of oceanographic data for this region to provide the climatological oceanographic conditions, and review the water mass properties and their role in AABW formation. We split the region into three sectors (East, Central and West) and identify the main water masses, current regimes and their influence on the formation of Cape Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW). In the eastern sector, Prydz Bay, the formation of Ice Shelf Water preconditions the water (cold and fresh) that flows into the central sector to E, enhancing sea ice production in Cape Darnley Polynya. This produces a high salinity variant of Dense Shelf Water (DSW) (up to 35.15 g/kg) that we coin Burton Basin DSW. In contrast, the western sector of the Cape Darnley Polynya produces a low salinity variant (up to 34.85 g/kg) we coin Nielsen Basin DSW. The resultant combined CDBW is the warmest (upper temperature bound of 0.05C) AABW formed around Antarctica with an upper bound salinity of 34.845 g/kg. Our findings will contribute to planning future observing systems at Cape Darnley, determining the role that CDBW plays in our global oceanic and climate systems, and modeling past and future climate scenarios.
Ultra-high precision nano additive manufacturing of metal oxide semiconductors via multi-photon lithography
Authors: Cao Chun , Xia Xianmeng , Shen Xiaoming , Wang Xiaobing , Yang Zhenyao , Liu Qiulan , Ding Chenliang , Zhu Dazhao , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu
Published: October 2024

As a basic component of the versatile semiconductor devices, metal oxides play a critical role in modern electronic information industry. However, ultra-high precision nanopatterning of metal oxides often involves multi-step lithography and transfer process, which is time-consuming and costly. Here, we report a strategy, using metal-organic compounds as solid precursor photoresist for multi-photon lithography and post-sintering, to realize ultra-high precision additive manufacturing of metal oxides. As a result, we gain metal oxides including ZnO, CuO and ZrO2 with a critical dimension of 35 nm, which sets a benchmark for additive manufacturing of metal oxides. Besides, atomic doping can be easily accomplished by including the target element in precursor photoresist, and heterogeneous structures can also be created by multiple multi-photon lithography, allowing this strategy to accommodate the requirements of various semiconductor devices. For instance, we fabricate an ZnO photodetector by the proposed strategy.
Participant-reported personal utility of genetic testing for Parkinson’s disease and interest in clinical trial participation
Authors: Oas Hannah , Cook Lola , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Walsh Laurence E. , Wills Anne-Marie , Mata Ignacio F. , Nance Martha A. , Beck James C. , Naito Anna , Marder Karen , Alcalay Roy N. , Verbrugge Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Genetic testing for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is infrequently performed due to perceptions of low utility. We investigated the personal utility in PD GENEration and how results lead to enrollment in additional research studies. Participants (n = 972) underwent genetic testing, results disclosure, genetic counseling, and completed a survey examining the perceived personal utility of their results and interest in participating in additional studies. Most participants found their genetic test results useful, including satisfying curiosity (81%), feeling good about helping the medical community (80%), and having information to share with family (77%). There were no significant differences in responses based on result type. Forty-five percent of participants expressed interest in participating in research studies; whereas 16% of participants confirmed enrollment. Our results suggest that participants find personal utility in genetic testing regardless of results. Although participants may be interested in enrolling in additional research, they may need support and resources.
Endometriosis specific vaginal microbiota links to urine and serum N-glycome
Authors: MacSharry John , Kovács Zsuzsanna , Xie Yongjing , Adamczyk Barbara , Walsh Caitriona , Reidy Fiona , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Kilbane Mark T , Twomey Patrick J , Rudd Pauline M. , Wingfield Mary , Butler Michael , van Sinderen Douwe , Glover Louise , Saldova Radka
Published: October 2024

Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease, which results in endometrial-type tissue growing outside the uterus, and affects approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Its aetiology is poorly understood, and there is currently no long-term cure. Development and persistence of the disease depend on several coexisting factors including the vaginal microbiome. However, the role played by this important entity in endometriosis and its systemic involvement is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the vaginal microbiota, the serum and urine glycome, and antibody glycosylation in endometriosis patients. We reveal an endometriosis-specific vaginal microbiota in patients, being distinct from that present in a control group. Endometriosis patients were typified by a loss of the dominant Lactobacillus species, i.e. Lactobacillus iners, increased bacterial diversity and the presence of species such as Anaerococcus senegalensis, Prevotella jejuni, Porphyromonas bennonis and Anaerococcus octavius. The presence of trigalactosylated and triantennary serum glycans and urine core fucosylated mono-antennary glycans from IgG correlated with the vaginal presence of the bacterium A. senegalensis in endometriosis patients. Urine glycans did not differ in endometriosis, but urine IgG identified four novel sulfated glycans differing from serum IgG indicating functional relevance. Our findings contribute to understanding the relationships between the vaginal microbiota and the serum and urine glycome on the one hand, and endometriosis on the other. Further functional studies are warranted.
Optimized partial freezing protocol enables 10-day storage of rat livers
Authors: Ozgur Ozge Sila , Taggart Mclean , Mojoudi Mohammedreza , Pendexter Casie , Filz von Reiterdank Irina , Kharga Anil , Yeh Heidi , Toner Mehmet , Longchamp Alban , Tessier Shannon N. , Uygun Korkut
Published: October 2024

Preserving organs at subzero temperatures with halted metabolic activity holds the potential to prolong preservation and expand the donor organ pool for transplant. Our group recently introduced partial freezing, a novel approach in high-subzero storage at -15 °C, enabling 5-day storage of rodent livers through precise control over ice nucleation and unfrozen fraction. However, increased vascular resistance and tissue edema suggested a need for improvements to extend viable preservation. Here, we describe an optimized partial freezing protocol with key optimizations, including an increased concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance membrane stability while minimizing shear stress during cryoprotectant unloading with an acclimation period and a maintained osmotic balance through an increase in bovine serum albumin (BSA). These approaches ensured the viability during preservation and recovery processes, promoting liver function and ensuring optimal preservation. This was evidenced by increased oxygen consumption, decreased vascular resistance, and edema. Ultimately, we show that using the optimized protocol, livers can be stored for 10 days with comparable vascular resistance and lactate levels to 5 days, outperforming the viability of time-matched static cold stored (SCS) livers as the current gold standard. This study represents a significant advancement in expanding organ availability through prolonged preservation, thereby revolutionizing transplant medicine.
Research on time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification in post-processing of quantum key distribution
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Xiao-Ming , Yan Ya-Long
Published: October 2024

The post-processing of quantum key distribution mainly includes error correction and privacy amplification. The error correction algorithms and privacy amplification methods used in the existing quantum key distribution are completely unrelated. Based on the principle of correspondence between error-correcting codes and hash function families, we proposed the idea of time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification for the first time. That is to say, through the common error correction algorithms and their corresponding hash function families or the common hash function families and their corresponding error-correcting codes, error correction and privacy amplification can be realized by time-division multiplexing with the same set of devices. In addition, we tested the idea from the perspective of error correction and privacy amplification, respectively. The analysis results show that the existing error correction algorithms and their corresponding hash function families or the common privacy amplification methods and their corresponding error-correcting codes cannot realize time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification temporarily. However, according to the principle of correspondence between error-correcting codes and hash function families, the idea of time-division multiplexing is possible. Moreover, the research on time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification has some practical significance. Once the idea of time-division multiplexing is realized, it will further reduce the calculation and storage cost of the post-processing process, reduce the deployment cost of quantum key distribution, and help to remote the practical engineering of quantum key distribution.
The need for high-resolution gut microbiome characterization to design efficient strategies for sustainable aquaculture production
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Vera-Ponce de León Arturo , Kodama Miyako , Hoetzinger Matthias , Clausen Cecilie G. , Pless Louisa , Verissimo Ana R. A. , Stengel Bruno , Calabuig Virginia , Kvingedal Renate , Skugor Stanko , Westereng Bjørge , Harvey Thomas Nelson , Nordborg Anna , Bertilsson Stefan , Limborg Morten T. , Mørkøre Turid , Sandve Simen R. , Pope Phillip B. , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , La Rosa Sabina Leanti
Published: October 2024

Microbiome-directed dietary interventions such as microbiota-directed fibers (MDFs) have a proven track record in eliciting responses in beneficial gut microbes and are increasingly being promoted as an effective strategy to improve animal production systems. Here we used initial metataxonomic data on fish gut microbiomes as well as a wealth of a priori mammalian microbiome knowledge on α-mannooligosaccharides (MOS) and β-mannan-derived MDFs to study effects of such feed supplements in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their impact on its gut microbiome composition and functionalities. Our multi-omic analysis revealed that the investigated MDFs (two α-mannans and an acetylated β-galactoglucomannan), at a dose of 0.2% in the diet, had negligible effects on both host gene expression, and gut microbiome structure and function under the studied conditions. While a subsequent trial using a higher (4%) dietary inclusion of β-mannan significantly shifted the gut microbiome composition, there were still no biologically relevant effects on salmon metabolism and physiology. Only a single Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (BCP) population demonstrated consistent and significant abundance shifts across both feeding trials, although with no evidence of β-mannan utilization capabilities or changes in gene transcripts for producing metabolites beneficial to the host. In light of these findings, we revisited our omics data to predict and outline previously unreported and potentially beneficial endogenous lactic acid bacteria that should be targeted with future, conceivably more suitable, MDF strategies for salmon.
An open-source approach for measuring corporate impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity
Authors: Mandle Lisa , Shea Andrew , Soth Emily , Goldstein Jesse A. , Wolny Stacie , Smith Jeffrey R. , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca , Sharp Richard P. , Patel Mayur
Published: October 2024

Existing approaches to evaluating companies on sustainability-related issues include limited accounting of impacts on nature and its contributions to human well-being. Here we present an approach for quantifying the direct impacts of companies’ physical assets on nature based on global maps for eight ecosystem service and biodiversity metrics. We apply this approach to a set of over 2000 global, publicly traded companies with 580,000 mapped physical assets and find that companies in utility, real estate, materials, and financial sectors have the largest impacts on average, with substantial variation within all sectors. Using high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery to map individual mine footprints, we compare a set of active lithium mines and find that impacts vary substantially among mines and change over time. By using open-source models and drawing on the growing availability of high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery, this approach could provide more transparent measures of corporate impacts to nature for nature-related reporting.
Bioceramic-based Cardiovascular Implants
Authors: Khaliq J.
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating continuous innovations in medical technology to address their challenges. Bioceramics, due to their unique properties, have emerged as promising materials for cardiovascular implants and devices. This chapter explores the recent advancements in the development, design, and applications of bioceramic-based cardiovascular implants, with a focus on their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and clinical efficacy.
Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Azhar Iqra , Karim Sana , Ishtiaq Ayesha , Murtaza Iram
Published: October 2024

The earlier investigation on extracellular vesicles (EVs) in 1967 described them as minute dust-like particles enriched with lipids. According to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, these are particles naturally released from the cells and composed of the lipid bilayer membrane. EVs contain soluble proteins and cannot be replicated. EVs are involved in the transport of secreted particles, cell–cell contact, and intercellular communication. EVs transport innumerable molecules, such as proteins, lipids, ribonucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and micro-ribonucleic acids (i.e. miRNA), to target cells. EVs affect the target cells by imparting neutral, favorable, and detrimental effects. They can influence the cell phenotype, moderate gene expressions, modulate biological behaviors, and affect molecular signaling pathways. EVs are emerging as the source of biomarkers in various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent investigations also suggest the involvement of EVs in the pathophysiology of CVDs, including myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and ischemic injury. EVs transfer a wide range of molecules from injured cardiomyocytes to endothelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts. They participate in the regulation of angiogenesis, inflammation, and healing of cardiac injury. EVs are broadly classified into different subtypes depending on their sizes, cell surface markers, and cargo composition. Due to various types and unique properties, EVs have been in the limelight of research interest due to their promising role in pathophysiology as signaling modulators, biomarkers, and therapeutic agents.
High-throughput optimisations for 3D chemical imaging of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms
Authors: Davison-Gates Liam , Ewing Andrew V. , Clark Don , Clarke Fiona C.
Published: October 2024

Development of a high-throughput methodology for the collection of 3D chemical images of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms with minimal user intervention.
Supramolecular multiplexes from collagen mimetic peptide-PNA(GGG)3 conjugates and C-rich DNA: pH-induced reversible switching from triplex–duplex to triplex-i-motif
Authors: More Shahaji H. , Schmutz Marc , Jierry Loïc , Ganesh Krishna N.
Published: October 2024

Collagen peptide-PNA(GGG)3 covalent conjugate with complementary DNA shows pH induced reversible switching from triplex–duplex supramolecular complex at neutral pH 7.2 to triplex:i-motif composite at acidic pH 4.5.
The energy landscape of Aβ42: a funnel to disorder for the monomer becomes a folding funnel for self-assembly
Authors: Schäffler Moritz , Wales David J. , Strodel Birgit
Published: October 2024

The energy landscape of monomeric amyloid-β peptides is characterised by a funnel leading to disorder; upon dimerisation, it transforms to a folding funnel towards a stabilised β-hairpin, which is significant in the context of Alzheimer's disease.
Flowable organic slurry battery with 1000 cycles
Authors: Gautam Rajeev K. , Wang Xiao , Lashgari Amir , Jiang Jianbing (Jimmy)
Published: October 2024

The two-electron-active viologen molecules as anolyte for high energy density static- and flow-slurry batteries with long cycling lifetime and high-capacity retention.
Non-monotonic lattice expansion in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks during heating
Authors: Winters Wessel M. W. , Madsen Rasmus S. K. , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: October 2024

Sketch of unidirectional thermal expansion in ZIF-62 (left), and values of variable lattice expansion coefficients for ZIF-62 and DM-ZIF-62 (right).
Translational diffusion, molecular brightness, and energy transfer analysis of mEGFP-linker-mScarlet–I crowding biosensor using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Mersch Sarah A. , McCue Clint , Aristidou Alexandros , Sheets Erin D. , Boersma Arnold J. , Heikal Ahmed A.
Published: October 2024

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is used for molecular brightness, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), protein–protein interactions, diffusion, and size analysis of mEGFP-linker-mScarlet–I constructs in crowded environment.
Correction: Supersolidity of undercoordinated and hydrating water
Authors: Sun Chang Q.
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Supersolidity of undercoordinated and hydrating water’ by Chang Q. Sun, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 30104–30119, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP06115G.
Synthesis and structures of molecular beryllium Grignard analogues featuring terminal and bridging pseudohalides
Authors: Czernetzki Corinna , Arrowsmith Merle , Jürgensen Malte , Hagspiel Stephan , Braunschweig Holger
Published: October 2024

Salt metathesis of cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)-stabilised beryllium Grignards with pseudohalide precursors provides a range of monomeric and oligomeric beryllium thiocyanato, phosphaethynolato, isocyanato and cyano Grignards.
Bicontinuous-phase electrolyte for a highly reversible Zn metal anode working at ultralow temperature
Authors: Xu Mi , Zhang Beinuo , Sang Yudong , Luo Dan , Gao Rui , Ma Qianyi , Dou Haozhen , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2024

A bicontinuous-phase electrolyte with a well-balanced solvation sheath is proposed, which delivers fast desolvation kinetics and generates a uniform in situ solid electrolyte interface, thus achieving a long-lasting Zn anode at low temperatures.
Multi-omics revealed the mechanisms of AgNP-priming enhanced rice salinity tolerance
Authors: Chen Si , Pan Zhengyan , Peralta-Videa Jose R. , Zhao Lijuan
Published: October 2024

AgNPs, as nanobiostimulants, increase the grain yield of rice grown in a saline land.
Improving electron injection of organic light-emitting transistors via interface layer design
Authors: Tan Xiangyu , Li Qingbin , Qin Zhengsheng , Liu Dan , Liu Yumin , Wang Pu , Xie Ziyi , Miao Zhagen , Lei Yanan , Zhang Yu , Wang Pengsong , Chen Xianneng , Liu Zhenling , Gao Can , Hu Wenping , Zhang Hao-Li , Dong Huanli
Published: October 2024

The interface layer with interfacial dipole effects is utilized in OLET devices, resulting in enhanced ambipolar properties and excellent air stability.
Nano-enabled dynamically responsive living acellular hydrogels
Authors: Koshani Roya , Kheirabadi Sina , Sheikhi Amir
Published: October 2024

Acellular nanocomposite living hydrogels (LivGels) with tunable nonlinear mechanical behavior and self-healing properties were developed using bio-based nanotechnology.
Eco-friendly anaerobic oxidation of aryl diazo esters with heterocyclic N-oxide under ball milling: synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl systems
Authors: Guha Souvik , Sen Subhabrata , Gremaud Ludovic
Published: October 2024

Herein we report anaerobic oxidation of metal carbenoids generated from aryl diazo esters under ball milling with heterocyclic N-oxide in the presence of catalytic copper(i) to afford 1,2-dicarbonyls in excellent yield.
Intraperitoneal versus intravenous administration of Flamma®-conjugated PEG-alendronate-coated upconversion nanoparticles in a mouse pancreatic cancer model
Authors: Vasylyshyn Taras , Patsula Vitalii , Větvička David , Shapoval Oleksandr , Pankrác Jan , Kabešová Martina , Beneš Jiří , Horák Daniel
Published: October 2024

New PEG-coated upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with Flamma® dye demonstrated superior imaging and targeting of pancreatic tumor-bearing mice after intraperitoneal administration.
Introduction to micro- and nano-motors
Authors: Zhang Li , Pumera Martin , Sánchez Samuel , Ma Xing
Published: October 2024

Li Zhang, Martin Pumera, Samuel Sánchez and Xing Ma introduce the Nanoscale and Journal of Materials Chemistry B cross-journal themed collection on micro- and nano-motors.
Efficient synthesis of promising antidiabetic triazinoindole analogues via a solvent-free method: investigating the reaction of 1,3-diketones and 2,5-dihydro-3H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thione
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Kumar Prince , Hooda Mona , Singh Rahul , Kumar Parvin
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of novel 3-methyl-2-aroylthiazolo[3′,2′:2,3][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole derivatives as potent α-amylase inhibitors (IC50 16.14 to 27.69 μg ml−1), outperforming Acarbose. SAR and docking studies support the findings.
Optimized albendazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel: a redefined approach for localized skin cancer treatment
Authors: Khot Chinmayee , Kolekar Kaustubh , Dabhole Swati , Mohite Akshay , Nadaf Sameer , Kumbhar Popat S. , Disouza John
Published: October 2024

Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based gel for localized delivery of albendazole (ABZ) against skin cancer.
Synthesis of degradable polyester with high molecular weight and excellent mechanical properties through copolymerization modification of poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Wang Hongji , Ma Xiaojun , Yao Hanyu , Chang Haohao , Lv Yin , Wei Zhong
Published: October 2024

The degradable copolymer of polybutylene succinate (PBS) modified with tricyclodecane dimethanol (TCD) presented significantly enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break.
Solvent quality shape control in continuous flow block copolymer self-assembly
Authors: Buckinx Axel-Laurenz , Weerarathna Lakshani J. , Sokolova Anna , Junkers Tanja
Published: October 2024

The influence of solvent quality on block copolymer self assembly is studied in detail using SANS online monitoring.
Correction: Unexpected in crystallo reactivity of the potential drug bis(maltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) with lysozyme
Authors: Paolillo Maddalena , Ferraro Giarita , Cipollone Irene , Garribba Eugenio , Monti Maria , Merlino Antonello
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Unexpected in crystallo reactivity of the potential drug bis(maltolato)oxidovanadium(iv) with lysozyme’ by Maddalena Paolillo et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 6307–6315, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4QI01528B.
Benzocyclobutenone synthesis exploiting acylsilanes as photofunctional directing groups
Authors: Pilkington Rowan L. , Ross Hannah J. , Atkin Liselle , Priebbenow Daniel L.
Published: October 2024

The visible-light irradiation of acylsilanes bearing tethered vinyl ketones promotes an intramolecular Stetter-type reaction via siloxycarbene intermediates that produces benzocyclobutenone scaffolds.
Effects of co-doping the SnO2 electron transport layer with boron and indium on the photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wagle Pareena G. , Thambidurai M. , Dewi Herlina Arianita , Xizu Wang , Mathews Nripan , Bruno Annalisa , Nguyen Hung D. , Katiyar Monica , Dang Cuong
Published: October 2024

The incorporation of BIn dopants into SnO2 electron transport layers has significantly enhanced the power conversion efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells, raising it from 18.36% to 20.05%.
Jamming crossovers in a confined driven polymer in solution
Authors: Changizrezaei Setarehalsadat , Karttunen Mikko , Denniston Colin
Published: October 2024

A polymer confined in a nanochannel undergoes a crossover to a jammed state when pushed by a large spherical colloid. We examine the system using simulations that incorporate the full hydrodynamic driving and fluctuating forces.
Stress amplification and relaxation imaging around cracks in nanocomposite gels using ultrasound elastography
Authors: Le Blay H. , Deffieux T. , Laiarinandrasana L. , Tanter M. , Marcellan A.
Published: October 2024

Stress visualization around cracks in NC gels was performed using ultrasonic elastography. Temporal and spatial mapping are performed non-invasively. Over time, the stress gradient is erased by large-scale reorganization of the polymer network.
Integration of photovoltaic organic materials into mm-wave technologies: towards self-powered phase shifters
Authors: Manikandan Suraj , Andreasen Jens Wenzel
Published: October 2024

Dielectric properties and nonlinear capacitance of PM6:Y7 blend, voltage-dependent phase shifting, and its performance in CPW systems.
Moisture dynamics during high‐load fluctuations in transformers: Localised accumulation and interfacial transfer within oil/pressboard insulation
Authors: Wang Shaoqi , Zhang Qiaogen , Guo Chong , Sun Yuhan , Wu Zhicheng
Published: October 2024

Power systems grapple with the challenges of high load rates and intermittent new energy sources integration. Transformers, as vital equipment, employ oil/pressboard (oil/PB) insulation. Uneven moisture distribution in this insulation can jeopardise safety thresholds, necessitating precise moisture assessment for grid stability. A novel mathematical model, adsorption–desorption and porous media moisture transfer (ADP‐MoT), is presented. This model incorporates adsorption and desorption processes within the porous pressboard, enabling a description of the dynamic moisture transfer between the oil and pressboard. Using this mathematical model, simulations for moisture dynamics were performed on a 750‐kV transformer across four typical days. The results indicate that temperature fluctuations are the primary driving factor for moisture migration at the oil/PB interface. Convection and diffusion contribute to moisture movement towards cooler regions. Fluid properties and structural characteristics induce a distinctive streamline‐shaped moisture flow within horizontal oil channels, with localised moisture accumulation in specific areas. Moreover, the analysis of 96 transient results uncovers potential free‐state moisture formation during severe conditions, underscoring the importance of monitoring the pressboard at winding bases during high load fluctuations. In conclusion, this study significantly contributes to scientifically identifying and addressing risks tied to new energy sources integration in power systems.
Intelligent parking lot power management: Augmented epsilon‐constraint concept with correlation analysis
Authors: Nosratabadi Seyyed Mostafa , Peivand Ali , Saadat Amin
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses essential aspects of decision‐making and management in energy resources. To achieve this, a tri‐objective model is proposed that seeks to find the best solution within the basic constraints framework of the optimization problem so that all three proposed objective functions can approach their ideal point. The uncertainty is used for the photovoltaic and wind power plants’ output in the proposed multi‐objective optimization problem as a scenario‐based stochastic approach. The proposed objective functions are realizing the operating cost, the amount of emission produced by generation resources, the amount of load‐shedding, and the maximum participation of responsive demands in the management program. The idea of employing plug‐in electric vehicle (PHEV) units in the form of intelligent parking lots within the network is also included in the proposed study, which can increase network flexibility and help improve the main features of the network. A modified IEEE 83‐bus test system is used to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. The properties of PHEVs significantly affect the simulation results and compensate for the uncertainty associated with renewable energy sources. Randomly considering the parameters of PHEVs can also realistically bring the results of power management more realistic. In addition, the multi‐objective problem defined for each scenario is solved by the augmented epsilon‐constraint method with the correlation coefficient concept for the network under study, and the Pareto front curves are obtained separately and the best solution is extracted by a proper decision‐making method.
Infrared spectra of solid-state ethanolamine: Laboratory data in support of JWST observations
Authors: Suhasaria T. , Wee S. M. , Basalgète R. , Krasnokutski S. A. , Jäger C. , Perotti G. , Henning Th.
Published: October 2024

Context. Ethanolamine (NH2CH2CH2OH; EA) has been identified in the gas phase of the interstellar medium within molecular clouds. Although EA has not been directly observed in the molecular ice phase, a solid-state formation mechanism has been proposed. However, the current literature lacks an estimation of the infrared band strengths of EA ices, which are crucial data for quantifying potential astronomical observations and laboratory findings related to their formation or destruction via energetic processing.

Aims. We conducted an experimental investigation of solid EA ice at low temperatures to ascertain its infrared band strengths, phase transition temperature, and multilayer binding energy. Since the refractive index and the density of EA ice are unknown, the commonly used laser interferometry method was not applied. Infrared band strengths were determined using three distinct methods. In addition to evaluating EA band strengths, we also tested the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches used for this purpose. The obtained lab spectrum of EA was compared with the publicly available MIRI MRS James Webb Space Telescope observations towards a low-mass protostar.

Methods. We used a combination of Fourier-transform transmission infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Results. The phase transition temperature for EA ice falls within the range of 175 to 185 K. Among the discussed methods, the simple pressure gauge method provides a reasonable estimate of band strength. We derived a band strength value of about 1 × 10−17 cm molecule−1 for the NH2 bending mode in the EA molecules. Additionally, temperature-programmed desorption analysis yielded a multilayer desorption energy of 0.61±0.01 eV. By comparing the laboratory data documented in this study with the JWST spectrum of the low-mass protostar IRAS 2A, an upper-limit for the EA ice abundances was derived.

Conclusions. This study addresses the lack of quantitative infrared measurements of EA at low temperatures, crucial for understanding EA’s astronomical and laboratory presence and formation routes. Our approach presents a simple yet effective method for determining the infrared band strengths of molecules with a reasonable level of accuracy.
Outflow from the very massive Wolf-Rayet binary Melnick 34
Authors: Castro N. , Weilbacher P. M. , Roth M. M. , Crowther P. A. , Monreal-Ibero A. , Brinchmann J. , Micheva G.
Published: October 2024

Melnick 34 (Mk 34) is one of the most massive binary systems known and is one of the brightest X-ray point sources in the 30 Doradus region. We investigated the impact of this massive system on the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) using the optical spectroscopic capabilities of the narrow-field mode (NFM) of the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). MUSE-NFM spatially resolved the ISM in the vicinity of Mk34 with a resolution comparable to that of the HST. The analysis of the [NII] λ 6583 and [SII] λ 6717 emission lines reveals a cone-like structure apparently originating from Mk 34 and extending southeast. Electron density maps and radial velocity measurements of the ISM lines further support an outflow scenario traced by these emissions. While no clear northwestern counterpart to this outflow was observed, we note increased extinction in that direction, towards the R136 cluster. The ISM material along the projected diagonal of the outflow on both sides of Mk 34 shows similar properties in terms of the emission line ratios seen in the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich diagram. These results are consistent across two observational epochs. Additionally, we examined the residual maps within a 0.5″ radius of Mk 34 after modeling and subtracting the point spread function. The observed variations in the residuals could potentially be linked to Mk 34’s known periodic behavior. However, further observations with appropriate cadence are needed to fully monitor the 155 day periodicity of Mk 34’s X-ray emissions.
Nutation-orbit resonances: The origin of the chaotic rotation of Hyperion and the barrel instability
Authors: Goldberg Max , Batygin Konstantin
Published: October 2024

While numerous planetary and asteroid satellites show evidence for non-trivial rotation states, none are as emblematic as Hyperion, which has long been held as the most striking example of chaotic spin-orbit evolution in the Solar System. Nevertheless, an analytically tractable theory of the full 3D spin–orbit dynamics of Hyperion has not been developed. We derive the Hamiltonian for a spinning axisymmetric satellite in the gravitational potential of a planet without assuming planar or principal axis rotation and without averaging over the spin period. Using this model, we demonstrate the emergence of resonances between the nutation and orbital frequencies that act as the primary drivers of the spin dynamics. This analysis reveals that, contrary to long-held belief, Hyperion is not tumbling chaotically. Instead, it lies near or in a nutation-orbit resonance that is first-order in eccentricity, allowing it to rotate quasi-regularly. The most reliable observations are consistent with either nonchaotic motion or chaos that is orders of magnitude smaller than originally claimed. A separate phenomenon, the so-called barrel instability, is shown to be related to a different set of nutation-orbit resonances that generalize the planar spin-orbit resonances. Finally, we show that changes in spin states over long timescales are best understood by considering chaotic diffusion of quasi-conserved quantities.
Technological solution of the quarry parameters to develop mining operations and systems
Authors: Magdiev K.I. , Usmanov I.I. , Alimov Sh.I. , Sidikov F.Sh.
Published: October 2024

Quarry development involves numerous challenges, particularly in defining the necessary parameters for effective and safe extraction. These challenges are primarily managed by specialized design organizations during the pre-project phase, which includes detailed geological surveys, environmental impact assessments, and evaluations of resources. The objective is to ensure that the quarry’s design is economically feasible while complying with safety and environmental regulations. During this phase, essential decisions are made regarding the location, size, and operational techniques to be employed, all in accordance with established technological design standards in the mining sector. In addition to the contributions of design organizations, mining companies also have a significant role in the continuous assessment and management of quarries, particularly those with limited reserves. These companies must strategically balance the need for resource extraction with the long-term sustainability of the mineral resource base. This necessitates ongoing monitoring of reserve levels, extraction rates, and safety conditions to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Furthermore, mining operations are subject to stringent safety regulations unique to open-pit mining, which require meticulous planning to mitigate risks to workers and the environment. This encompasses the design of appropriate slopes, roads, and drainage systems to avert accidents and environmental harm. By fostering collaboration between design organizations and mining companies, it is feasible to enhance resource extraction processes while adhering to safety standards and reducing environmental impact. This holistic approach guarantees that quarry operations remain sustainable, productive, and safe for both workers and the surrounding ecosystem.
Thermophilic bacteria of the Verhne-Vilyuchinskie and Sredne-Paratunskie hot springs (Kamchatka, Far East)
Authors: Lebedeva Elena
Published: October 2024

The number of physiological groups, biodiversity, enzymatic activity and some physiological and biochemical properties of microorganisms isolated from thermal waters and microbial mats of Kamchatka were studied. A low content of microorganisms with a predominance of denitrifying (Verhne-Vilyuchinsky) and nitrifying bacteria (Sredne-Paratunsky springs) was shown. Gram-positive spore- forming rods of the genus Bacillus predominated among the isolated bacteria. The isolated microorganisms had extracellular enzymatic activity and were capable of growing in wide ranges of temperatures, pH and NaCl concentration. Strains of thermophilic bacteria are of interest for biotechnology purposes.
Transition to biocomposites in conditions of city urbanization
Authors: Safina Albina , Anikeeva Ksenia , Safin Ruslan
Published: October 2024

With the rapid urbanization of cities, there is an increase in urban tree pruning waste, which increases the cost of their disposal. The trend of a circular economy and environmental friendliness of the urban environment dictates the need to find more effective ways to use them. The article examines the possibility of using crushed waste from fast-growing urban trees, in particular poplar, as a filler for the production of biocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). To improve the performance properties of poplar wood flour, a technology for its thermal modification has been proposed, which makes it possible to neutralize such disadvantages as low strength and high hydrophilicity, characteristic of fast-growing wood. The physicomechanical and sorption properties of three types of biocomposite samples made with natural pine flour, natural and thermally modified poplar flour were analyzed. Pine wood has been chosen as a filler often used in industry for wood-polymer composite materials. It has been established that thermal modification of poplar flour provides an increase in the tensile strength of biocomposite samples by 19 %, in bending by 7.9 % and reduces water absorption by 50 % relative to samples with untreated wood. In many cases, the use of thermally treated poplar flour is comparable to the quality of a biocomposite based on pine flour. This indicates the feasibility of recycling urban tree trimming waste for the industrial production of biocomposites, which will improve the environmental friendliness of the urban environment with the simultaneous development of a green industry.
The relationship between climate change and fog phenomenon in southern Iraq
Authors: Taha Noor Waleed , Abduljabbar Hind Sabah
Published: October 2024

The weather is thought about one of the most crucial sources of the atmosphere that has actually gone under throughout the final years of the 20th century a lot of adjustments, which resulted in scientists' interested to pick up studies on them and also research to reach its causes n the sensation that one of the problems of times, key changes consequent environment. The importance. Climate change at the global level entailed climate changes in different parts of the world, including the southern Iraq governorates, so alterations in the weather components at the selected weather stations in and around the study area are to be informed while this will indicate the effects of these changes on the fog phenomenon occurrence during the period 1941-2003.The research dealt with the alterations in climate elements in southern Iraq for specific climate cycles. It also identified the effect of shifting weather patterns on the frequency of fog occurrences in the study area.