bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol for induction of labour: a comparative study of various routes of administration
Authors: Ahmad Bushra , Shekhar Chandna , Jindal Sunita , Gupta Sangeeta
Published: September 2017

Background: Oxytocin has been used for labor induction since very long, but with high rates of failed induction. The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of various routes of misoprostol for induction of labor at term. Design: Prospective randomized study was done at the department of obstetrics and Gynecology at the PGIMSR ESI Basaidarapur, New Delhi between August 2009 and July 2011.Methods: 150 pregnant women were randomized into three groups each to receive 50 mcg of Misoprostol via oral, sublingual and vaginal routes respectively. Doses were repeated 6 hourly for a maximum of 3 doses till the patient entered active stage of labor (clinically adequate contractions of 3/10 min of >40 s duration, and cervical dilatation of with 4 cm). Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance).Results: Mean number of dosage required for successful induction were significantly less in the vaginal group than oral and sublingual groups (in oral groups A were 2.1±0.42, sublingual 1.4±0.34, vaginal 1.1±0.29). The induction to delivery interval was significantly less in vaginal group than oral and sublingual groups (Group A oral 21.06±9.22 h, group B sublingual 16.81±8.08 h, group C vaginal 12.9±5.16 h 0.016 significant). Rate of caesarean was least in the vaginal group 12% vs 20% in oral and 26% in sublingual. All the three groups showed satisfactory neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: This study shows that vaginal route of administration of misoprostol is preferable to oral route and sublingual route for induction of labor when used in equivalent dosage of 50 mcg 6 hourly, however all three routes are well tolerated with favorable neonatal outcomes.
Changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India
Authors: Bangal Vidyadhar B. , Gavhane Satyajit P. , Gagare Swati D. , Aher Kunal H. , Bhavsar Dhruval K. , Verma Priyanka R.
Published: September 2017

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. Birth weight has many determinants that mainly include maternal nutritional status and the term of gestation. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of over 45,000 births that took place in Tertiary care hospital from year 2008-2017was undertaken. The socio economic determinants of birth weight were studied.Results: The incidence of low birth weight declined from 47 percent to 35 percent over ten years. The mean rise in birth weight in ten years was observed in both male (176 grams) and female (151grams).The incidence of very low birth and extremely low birth was found declined. There was positive co relationship between improved birth weight and improved socio economic status, delay in age at marriage, higher maternal weight gain during pregnancy, improved pre pregnancy nutritional status of women.Conclusions: There is steady decline in incidence of low birth weight over last ten years in study area. Improved maternal health, better nutrition, improved quality of antenatal care and various efforts and actions from the government side have contributed in improving the birth weight.
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on biochemical parameters in post-menopausal women
Authors: Thigula Jayaprada
Published: September 2017

Background: In females, menopause is a loss of natural events that marks the end of the reproductive years. Menopause its associated complications can be managed by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This study hypothesized to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on clinico biochemical levels in postmenopausal women.Methods: A total one hundred postmenopausal females were considered. Based on medication administered patients were divided in to five groups i.e. Premarin group, Ovral-L group, Evalon group, Transdermal E2 Gel group and Control group with oral calcium placebo therapy. A complete Haemogram, ECG, Urine examination, lipid profile were investigated.Results: Most common clinical symptoms is vasomotor/psychological (45% in all groups) related followed by urogenital/psychological symptoms (22% in all groups). The mean lipid lipoproteins before therapy, after 2 months and 6 months follow up showed significant change in all the groups.Conclusions: HRT can be a safe method to manage urogenital complication and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. It has a notable impact on the lipid profile and lipoproteins which helps to reduce the chances to get associated health complications.
Sociodemographic and seroprevalence profile of sexually transmitted infections (HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Syphilis) in asymptomatic pregnant females
Authors: Kaur Paramjit , Bhatia Ruby , Sidhu Rupinder , Bhopal Surinder K. , Singh Amandev
Published: September 2017

Background: Globally 499 million new episodes of curable STIs occur in the age group of 15-49 years, 80% in developing countries and 79 million in India alone. There is an increasing trend for viral STIs while bacterial STIs are on decline. Number of pregnant women with STIs is increasing by about 250 million a year in developed world and double that number in developing countries. The objective of the study was to estimate seroprevalence of STIs (Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HIV and Syphilis) and to evaluate impact of sociodemographic profile and sexual behaviour on STIsMethods: This observational study was carried out on 1000 asymptomatic pregnant females attending antenatal clinics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College Patiala, Punjab.Results: Seroprevalence for STIs in asymptomatic pregnant females was 22.5%. Hepatitis C-9%, Hepatitis B-6.3%, HIV-5.5%, and Syphilis 1.7%. Illiteracy, low socio economic status, homemakers, rural background with multiple sex partners in the 21-30 years age group is associated with increasing trends of STIs in pregnancy.Conclusions: Screening asymptomatic pregnant women for STIs remains a key programme strategy for quadruple (Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HIV and Syphilis) prevention. Mandatory screening for STIs to reduce perinatal transmission is need of the millennium– a step toward ending STI epidemics as a global priority.
Perceptions of Indian women on hysterectomy
Authors: Jain Shuchi , Pansare Shruti S.
Published: September 2017

Background: Women who undergo hysterectomy face a multitude of physical and psychosocial problems. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of pre-operative education on post-operative psychosocial health.Methods: It was an interventional research in 96 women who were randomly divided into two groups; one received pre-operative education about surgery and the other given routine preoperative advice. With the help of a questionnaire the perceptions of women on hysterectomy were assessed.Results: Post-operation, 47 of the intervened patients and all the patients of control group were satisfied with the surgery, statistically insignificant; fisher's exact of 1. For 20 intervened patients and 6 patients of control group were very acceptable with the fact that the uterus was no longer present in the body post-surgery, statistically significant; fisher's exact of 0.001. 45 of the intervened group were not feeling depressed whereas 19 patients of the control group were feeling depressed, statistically significant; fisher's exact of 0.0005.Conclusions: Thus, there was a positive impact of pre-operative education on perceptions about hysterectomy. Women who underwent hysterectomy after receiving preoperative education were content with the results of surgery. Resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted.
A comparative study of serum calcium, magnesium and LDH as the best predictor for severity of pregnancy induced hypertension in the rural population
Authors: Salve Mehul , Rajgire Aditi
Published: September 2017

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the commonly encountered problem by obstetrician of which, pregnancy induced hypertension leads the list. A number of dietary deficiencies or excesses have been blamed as the cause for preeclampsia over centuries. Studies have shown relationship between dietary deficiencies and incidence of preeclampsia. The lowering of serum calcium and the increase of intracellular calcium can cause an elevation of blood pressure in preeclamptic mothers. Recent investigations suggest that magnesium deficiency could play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, particularly in regulating the tonus of arterioles and veins. The relationship of serum leptin and lactate dehydrogenase levels were increased in preeclampsia.Methods: A comparative study to evaluate the levels of serum calcium and serum magnesium and LDH in pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancy and to correlate the serum levels of calcium and magnesium and LDH with the pregnancy induced hypertension.Results: The serum calcium and magnesium has significantly decreased in cases as compared to controls. Whereas the levels of LDH was significantly increased in cases compared to controls. Serum calcium decreased in severe PIH cases compared to mild PIH cases but statistically not significant. Serum magnesium in mild PIH is less compared to severe PIH cases. The decrease is not statistically significant. The increase in LDH in mild case is less compared to severe PIH case. The increase is stastically significant.Conclusion: Routine biochemical evaluation of serum concentration of calcium and magnesium early in pregnancy may be helpful in identifying at risk patients for preeclampsia. Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension may have a cause and effect relationship with the disorder. Amongst the biochemical markers studied LDH level was seen as the best predictor of severity of pregnancy induced hypertension.
Effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on maternal and perinatal outcome at tertiary care center in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Authors: Parmar Meghavini R. , Vaja Pradhyuman
Published: September 2017

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological event for utmost women. Almost 20% - 30% of the adult population and more than 5% - 8% of all pregnancies in the world suffered from hypertension (HTN) and 5% - 22% of all pregnancies have develop some kind of medical problem due to hypertensive. To study the prevalence of PIH and to find out the association of PIH with perinatal and maternal outcome.Methods: Prospective study was done among 110 cases of PIH admitted at department of obstetrics and Gynecology in B.J. Medical college, Ahmedabad during July 2005 to July 2007. Hypertension was identified based on the definition by the Australian Society of the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy and that of the Working Group Report on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy, which establish blood pressure levels > 140/90 mmHg or hypertension diagnosis marked on the record.Results: Almost 44% participants had mild PIH and 56% had severe PIH. Almost 32% participants had grade I changes and 29% had grade II changes. Low birth weight was found in 53% baby. Maternal complication observed in 16% participants. Out of 16 patients, highest incidence of eclampsia was observed followed by APH, DIC respectively. One incidence of maternal death also occurred. Perinatal complications were observed in 46% cases which include IUGR (60.9%), birth asphyxia (8.7%), RDS (4.3%) and perinatal death (15.2%) respectively.Conclusions: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with multiple complications in the mother and baby, and particularly preterm delivery. Timely intervention of regular ANC check-up, nutrition, health education etc. can reduce the severity of PIH which lead to decrease in maternal and perinatal complications.
Rupture of uterine muscle hematoma following diagnostic amniocentesis at 18 weeks and uterine dehiscence at term
Authors: Krastiņa Zane , Šavlovskis Jānis , Langrate Anna , Znotiņš Toms
Published: September 2017

Uterine rupture during pregnancy is a rare complication that, like any rupture in other body organ, has a life-saving condition. However, in this case, it threatens both, the mother and the child lives and it can lead to serious complications such as asphyxia, hemorrhagic shock, perinatal hysterectomy, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, brain injury, and death. It is known, that most often, it develops during the third trimester of pregnancy or during labor. We report a patient who experienced uterine rupture with 2500 ml blood loss following the diagnostic amniocentesis at 16 weeks. The same patient had suture dehiscence at the site of hematoma what was revealed during the Caesarean section at 37 weeks and a healthy baby was delivered.
Uterus didelphys with pregnancy and its different maternal and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Katke Rajshree Dayanand , Acharya Sivanandini , Mourya Soni
Published: September 2017

Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a “double uterus,” is one of the least common amongst MDAs. These abnormalities can include failure of development, fusion, canalization, or reabsorption, which normally occurs between 6 and 22 weeks in utero. Most sources estimate an incidence of these abnormalities to be from 0.5 to 5.0% in the general population. It is an observational study of cases of uterine didelphys with pregnancy over a period of 2 years. Uterus didelphys with pregnancy has variable maternal and perinatal outcome. First case presents an uneventful course in pregnancy which was terminated with caesarian section with a healthy baby. Second case presented to us with retained placenta with perforation of left horn which was managed by obstetric hysterectomy. The third case presents a didelphys uterus with a congenitally abnormal fetus with Hydrops fetalis with IUFD at 7th month of gestation terminated by caesarian section due to associated vertical vaginal septum. Pregnancy in a uterus Didelphys deserves early diagnosis of the anomaly, and meticulous care in pregnancy and delivery to avert the associated adverse outcomes.
Ovarian fibroma with a twist!
Authors: Yaramareddy Swapna , Shanmughasundaram Lakshmi , Kumar Senthil , Kuruvilla Sarah , M. Latha , Varma Thankam
Published: September 2017

Ovarian fibromas are the most common benign solid tumor of the ovary and usually are large and asymptomatic. It can mimic several conditions hence it can often be misdiagnosed pre-operatively. In this case the pre-operative diagnosis was bilateral ovarian tumor with endometrial hyperplasia. The final diagnosis was a torsion left ovarian fibroma with an area of hemorrhagic infarction and a benign endometrial polyp. The benefit of a multidisciplinary team approach and the challenges faced during the peri-operative period are discussed.
Antenatally diagnosed posterior Meningoencephalocele: a case report
Authors: Mhapankar Sabrina A. , Vadukkut Annabelle S. , Patil Utkarsha S. , Kumar Sushil
Published: September 2017

Congenital encephalocele is a neural tube defect which is caused by an embryonic development abnormality. It is characterized by a sac-like protrusion of the brain, meninges and other intracranial structures through the skull. 75% of encephalocoeles are occipital. Pre-natal screening is very essential for timely recognition of the condition. At the same time, proper intake of folic acid in the first few weeks of pregnancy may reduce the occurrence of this form of NTD. The prognosis is variable depending on the presence of associated anomalies and presence of microcephaly (carries a much poorer prognosis). A favorable surgical outcome generally follows an accurate strategy taking into account individual features of the lesion. A Caesarian delivery may be considered to allow for less traumatic birth for the fetal head. Here we present a case of a foetus with posterior meningoencephalocoele diagnosed antenatally at 32 weeks of pregnancy. Patient was delivered by elective Cesearian section. The encephalocoele was resected and the defect was closed primarily. The baby was well on the regular follow-up at the neurosurgery outpatient department.
Asymptomatic levo uterine torsion of 90 degrees during caesarean section
Authors: Anne Sirisha , Garg Arpit , Sen Debraj
Published: September 2017

Uterine torsion is defined as a rotation of uterus more than 45 degrees along it’s long axis.  Some degree of dextrorotation in the gravid uterus can be a normal finding, however rotation greater than 45 degrees along the longitudinal axis of the uterus which is described as uterine torsion is a rare pathological condition in   obstetrical practice. We report a case of levotorsion of the uterus by 90 degrees wherein patient had presented with pre term labour at 35W5D POG and levotorsion was encountered and managed intraop during caesarean. Uterine torsion of 90 degrees was encountered with the round ligament and tubo ovarian complex along with the uterine artery lying anteriorly at the incision site and lower segment of uterus rotated laterally onto the right side. The surgery was handled diligently resulting in average blood loss.  Blood loss during the surgery was average. After the delivery of the baby, uterus returned to anatomical position and levotorsion corrected spontaneously.
Malignant placental trophoblastic tumour a diagnostic dilemma: rare association with focal segmental glomerulonephritis and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patel Molina U. , Vyas Chetna S. , Vaishnav Smruti B.
Published: September 2017

Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is the rarest form of Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).It has a wide clinical spectrum of presentation and its complications have a multi organ involvment. Inspite of the advances in HCG assays and sensitive unltrasounds, its diagnosis and course in every case is a mystery. However, it is only rarely associated with glomerulonephritis. Most cases have not been biopsied and the specific nature of renal involvement is not clearly understood. Here we report a case of PSTT with glomerulonephritis and cardiomyopathy.
Uterine arteriovenous malformation-beyond surgery: a case series
Authors: Pankar Uma A. , S. Indusekhar , Desai Pannag , Bhargavi Vidya
Published: September 2017

Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a rare entity, presenting in women of reproductive age. The presentation may vary with bleeding being the chief presenting symptom. Though traditionally hysterectomy has been a definitive form of treatment, trans-catheter embolization is being considered as a good treatment option.  We present three cases with uterine AVM who presented with heavy bleeding per vaginam. Three patients of reproductive age group (29-33 years) presented with heavy bleeding per vaginam from January 2017- May 2017. Two had previous miscarriages for which curettage was done and one had undergone a Caesarean section previously. Diagnosis of uterine AVM was made by ultrasound-grey scale, colour Doppler, followed by MRI. All patients underwent trans-catheter angiogram followed by selective embolization of the AVM with n-BCA (n- Butyl Cyanoacrylate) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. Successful embolization was done in all of our patients with technical success rate of 100%. On follow-up, all patients are currently asymptomatic. Trans-catheter arterial embolization of uterine AVM is a simple and effective treatment alternative with less morbidity associated with anaesthesia and surgery in turn reducing hospital stay. It has to be considered in patients who need to preserve their fertility.
Haemorrhage in early pregnancy: unusual presentation of placenta increta as complete mole
Authors: Varwatte Priyanka B. , Fonseca Michelle , Kharat Deepali , Dwivedi Jyotsna
Published: September 2017

We report a case of haemorrhage in early pregnancy following suction evacuation for a complete hydatidiform mole which later turned out to be case of placenta increta. Morbidly adherent placenta in early pregnancy a is rare event. There are few reported cases of obstetric hysterectomy in early pregnancy due to undiagnosed morbidly adherent placenta.
Failure of radical hysterectomy in early invasive cancer cervix: an A. H. regional cancer centre experience
Authors: Parija Jita
Published: September 2017

Background: Early invasive invasive carcinoma of cervix is adequately treated by surgery,radiotherapy or by combination of both.The disease-free and overall survival varies from centre to centre. Recurrence of the disease is a reflection of failure in treatment.Methods: A total of 541 cases of Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, for early stage cancer cervix performed during the period 2006 April - 2017 March at A. H. Regional Cancer Centre Cuttack, were retrospectively analysed, with an objective to identify the risk factors responsible for treatment failure. All cases were followed-up for 5 years or more.Results: Radiotherapy was supplemented in 27% of cases. Recurrence occurred in 17.18% cases. The incidence of recurrence increased from 13.9% in Stage IB to 26.3% in Stage IIB. Younger patients showed a higher recurrence of 19.16% compared to older group. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showed 15.9% recurrence and adenocarcinoma showed 15.38% recurrence. Only 3.7% of recurrence occurred in growths <2cms which increased to 20.6% in tumors >5cms diameter. Infiltrating growths were responsible for treatment failure, recurring in 52.4%. Nodal involvement in >2 groups showed increased recurrence (30%) in contrast to 15.65% in node negative patients. Maximum recurrence occurred in the first year of treatment and beyond three years it looked safe. Adjuvant radiotherapy given in 27%, encountered 18.3% recurrence in comparison to the overall treatment failure.Conclusions: Age, stage, nature of growth, node-involvement, tumor-bulk and histo-pathological grading, combinedly altered the prognosis in early invasive cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and selectively supplemented by radiotherapy.
Clinical and phonocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vasista Shankar , Bhattad Govind
Published: September 2017

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a term to describe a group of diseases (chronic bronchitis and emphysema). The status of left ventricular (LV) function in patients with COPD has been a controversial subject. Given the ambiguity in correlation of LV dysfunction and COPD, this study was planned to assess the relationship between LV function and COPD.Methods: This was an observational study done in 40 adult patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. The enrolled patients were divided into 2 major groups. Group A - predominant emphysema and Group B - predominant bronchitis. Phonocardiogram (PCG), carotid pulse tracing and ECG were done to measure LV ejection time (LVET) and pre-ejection period (PEP).Results: FEV1 impairment was greater (severe to very severe grade) in the majority (77%) of patients of group B, whereas the majority (77.2%) of group A patients had lesser degree of FEV1 impairment (mild to moderate). PEPI were observed to be prolonged and LVETI were observed to be shortened. PEP/LVET ratio was observed to be prolonged in 77.5% of patients in stable condition. PEP/LVET ratio was abnormally prolonged (>0.42) to a greater extent in patients of group B than in patients of group A.Conclusions: LV dysfunction is commonly encountered in patients with COPD and was observed to be exaggerated during an acute exacerbation. It was maximum in patients with chronic bronchitis with cor pulmonale with CCF and lesser in patients with chronic bronchitis without cor pulmonale or CCF and least in patients with emphysema.
Positive youth development programs for mental health promotion in Indian youth: an underutilized pathway
Authors: Hameed Noufal , Mehrotra Seema
Published: September 2017

There is an unprecedented growth in the young population worldwide and especially in India and mental health of youth is an area of growing concern. The scope of convergence of the fields of positive youth development and mental health promotion among youth is becoming evident in the recent times. The paper aims to provide a brief overview of the field of PYD research in India and come up with implications for utilizing this framework for youth mental health promotion. A rapid review was carried out to examine Indian research on positive youth development and its relevance for mental health promotion through youth engagement. Two sets of key words, ‘Positive youth development’ and ‘India’ were jointly used as search words. The search was carried out in the month of April 2017, using EBSCO and ProQuest and MedIND as the electronic databases, with no restriction in the time-period of the published studies. A supplementary search of titles using Google search engine was done with eight Indian journals and one database for the period from 2010 till date. The search indicated significant paucity of Indian literature on positive youth development. A total of 24 articles were identified. Nine studies were retained of which six were non-intervention and three were intervention studies. The review suggests that PYD programs and PYD based mental health promotion programs are in a nascent stage in India with a dearth of published literature on the same. Implications for youth mental health promotion are highlighted.
Breakfast habits and its relationship to body mass index and cognitive function among final year medical students
Authors: Liyanage Guwani , Siriwardana H. D. , Wettasinghe C. A. , Kumarasiri M. K. H. N. , Niwanthika T. K. I.
Published: September 2017

Background: Balanced and healthy nutrition is needed in order to avert adverse effects of poor eating practices. Children and adults often miss breakfast due to many reasons including lack of time. Evidence indicates that breakfast consumption is more beneficial than skipping breakfast following a long overnight fast. Its effect on cognitive function is still under debate. Our aim was to conduct a preliminary study to investigate breakfast habits and its effect of certain aspects of cognition in medical students in a university in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We assessed breakfast eating practices of final year medical students. Self-administered and questionnaire and trail making test for visual attention, task switching, speed of processing, and executive functioning were used as study instruments. Results: Results of 121 students were analysed. 55.4% skipped breakfast at least a day. Of them, 21% had their breakfast ≤3 days a week. Majority consumes a local meal based on rice or wheat flour. Commonest reason for missing the morning meal was lack of time (n=53, 79.1%). There was no significant difference was found in mean BMI and trail making score between breakfast skippers and non-skippers. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast among final year medical students is common. Lack of time due to busy schedules is highlighted as a possible reason for this. Skipping breakfast did not affect some aspects of cognition and body mass index significantly. A more comprehensive case control study among medical students, exploring neuro cognitive function related to breakfast habits is worthwhile.
HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and integrative care; knowledge, attitude, and skills of healthcare workers in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Mundra Leela S. , Aslam Sadaf , Zhang Juxia , Lin Han , Xu Peng , Morano Jamie
Published: September 2017

Background: For HIV infected patients, distinct infectious disease hospitals currently exist in China, therefore, attitudes promoting separation within health care settings persist both in healthcare workers and community. The misinformation and fear of infection negatively affect Health Care Workers, (HCWs) attitudes towards caring for patients with HIV. However, the level of knowledge, attitudes, and skills (KAS) towards occupational exposure to HIV and post-exposure standards of care are unknown in Gansu, China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health care workers regarding HIV occupational exposure and treatment. We analyzed findings in a total of 324 HCWs through a self-reported questionnaire. Results: HCWs with a higher than average KAS composite score compared to HCWs with a lower KAS score were more likely to be working clinically (p=0.0023), and had completed a university degree or above (p=0.0370). The univariate analysis model also showed additional factors that HCWs having a higher KAS composite score were significantly associated with being a physician (OR 9.22; p=0.045) and receiving formal infection control training (OR 4.20; p<0.0001). Conclusions: Our study provides considerable information on occupational exposure regarding HIV/AIDS in Gansu Province of China. A continuous education is necessary to increase the level of knowledge, attitude and skills of HCWs about the risk of infection at the workplace. With the adoption of standardized occupational exposure protocols and infection control programs, we should be able to reduce barriers of HIV care into general hospital facilities which in turn can modify their attitudes.
Patterns of eating associated with the chronic diseases in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Sayegh Hassan Ali , Al Qurini Abdulaziz Adel , Khan Abdul Sattar , Ibrahim Sayed
Published: September 2017

Background: There is increase in the limitation of daily activity of people with chronic diseases. This may be due to multiple factors one of them is the nature of the lifestyle for instance, patterns of eating that the person is following. It is important to sum the dietary behaviors in specific population to see how much is it associated with chronic diseases. Specially, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and sickle cell disease which are endemic diseases in Al-Ahsa. Moreover, no studies have been conducted in this area before. It is known that there is increased obesity, cardiovascular and diabetes prevalence in Al-Ahsa. The study aims to see the association between chronic diseases and eating patterns. Methods: Cross sectional study, self-reported questionnaire distributed to the population under supervision of the data collectors in Al-Ahsa, during the summer of 2017. Results: The most prevalent chronic disease is obesity. Then comes hypertension and G6PD. Obesity showed most association with other chronic diseases. Also, eating frozen canned food show associations with obesity, hypertension, G6PD and diabetes. Conclusions: We concluded that there are certain eating behaviors influences some chronic diseases; there should be a focus on these behaviors to prevent the occurrence of these chronic diseases, especially metabolic diseases. Obesity is the primary concern which may facilitate the developing of hypertension, asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, G6PD, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, sickle cell disease and cardiovascular events.
The prevalence of falls and its associated factors among elderly living in old folks home in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Ghazi Hasanain Faisal , Elnajeh Maged , Abdalqader Mohammed A. , Baobaid Mohammed Faez , Rahimah Rosli Nur Shazatul , Syahiman Nurismansyah
Published: September 2017

Background: Falls are common among the geriatric population, causing frequent morbidity and mortality. Identifying risk of falls among elderly living in old folks home can help in the care and prevention of falls in this population. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of falls among elderly living in old folks home and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 50 elderly living in old folks home in Kuala Lumpur was selected by convenient sampling. History of falls revealed by participants, assisted questionnaires that consist of socio-demographic details and prevalence of falls within 6 months period were given. The association between the prevalence of falls and its associated factors were assessed by using chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of falls among the respondents was 30%, but there were no significant association between the socio demographic and prevalence of falls. There were also no associations between activity of daily living, number of comorbidities, number of medication with falls. Conclusions: Falls represent one of the public health problems among elderly living in old folks home in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with 30% prevalence of falls among the respondent. Our findings may assist public health authorities to implement programs of awareness and all prevention among elderly.
Determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women of the reproductive age (15-49) in Uganda
Authors: Ankunda Diana , Asiimwe John Bosco
Published: September 2017

Background: Globally, HIV is the leading cause of death among women of the reproductive age and unprotected sex is the main driver of HIV transmission. Lack of accurate and complete knowledge is one of the major causes of increase in the number of new HIV infections among women in Africa. This study was aimed at finding out factors associated with comprehensive knowledge among women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years in Uganda. Methods: Data used was drawn from 2011 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS). Logistic regression model was used for analysis. Results: Only (38%) of the respondents had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. Women in lower wealth quintile had less comprehensive knowledge compared to those in the highest quintile (OR=1.28). The study also found out that the older women aged 45-49 were more knowledgeable to HIV (OR=1.46) than young ones. Women who had access to radio were associated with increased odds (OR=1.11) of high knowledge on HIV than those without. High knowledge to HIV was also associated with women who had ever tested for HIV (OR=1.20) and also increased with level of education (OR=1.63 for primary and OR=3.6 for secondary). Conclusions: Factors associated with comprehensive knowledge on HIV include: age of the woman, residence, education level, access to information and HIV response to testing. Programs designed should target young women below 19 years of age, rural women, poor women and uneducated women. Increasing campaigns to encourage more women to have HIV tests and messages using radios will increase comprehensive knowledge.
A trinidadian cardiovascular medication adherence survey: the ADHERE TNT study
Authors: Seecheran Naveen , Nandlal Neval , Nankissoon Sushanta , Nancoo Cherisse , Nelson Caniecea , Nkemakolam Austell , Noel Nadine , Olivers Kwame , Parasram Ryan , Rodriguez Mario , Seecheran Rajeev , Seecheran Valmiki , Persad Sangeeta , Ramlal Rudiger , Maharaj Aarti , Boodhai Brent , Ramsaroop Koomatie , Motilal Shastri
Published: September 2017

Background: This study aims to quantitatively estimate the level of cardiovascular medication adherence in Trinidad’s public health sector and to determine any correlating factors. The study was of a descriptive, cross-sectional design which was performed at a cardiology outpatient clinic located at a northern-central public health care tertiary hospital in Trinidad during the period November 2016 to June 2017. Methods: 595 persons in total were asked to participate, of whom, 535 agreed. Patients that were younger under the age of 18 years and those that declined participation were excluded from the study. Primary endpoints were the percentages of low, medium and high cardiovascular medication adherence. Secondary endpoints were the comorbidity prevalence rates and prevalence of cardiovascular medications prescribed to patients. Results: In total, 595 individuals were asked to participate in the study; of whom, 535 agreed with a resultant 90% response rate. The mean age of the sample population was 63.5 years. Approximately half of the respondents were females and over 75% had only primary and secondary level of education combined as well as a monthly income of <$5,000 Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD). Almost 75% of study participants had low and medium adherence levels, and conversely a little more than one-quarter had high adherence levels. There were no significant associations between adherence and any other demographic factor, however there was near-significance with respect to adherence and level of education (p= 0.061). Conclusions: Patients generally displayed a limited level of cardiovascular medication adherence which is likely to translate into a higher rate of cardiovascular events with their potentially devastating sequalae. This study underscores the imperative need of implementing comprehensive interventions to accentuate cardiovascular medication adherence in Trinidad and Tobago. Further comparable studies with reference national data are required to validate these findings.
Menstruation: gap in knowledge, belief and practice among adolescent girls in an urban area of Belagavi
Authors: Kanyadi Suhasini , Metgud Chandra S.
Published: September 2017

Background: The period of adolescence, beginning with the onset of puberty, is a crucial transition into adulthood. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge, belief and practice about menstruation. This study addresses the gap in knowledge, belief and practice regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, in an urban area of Belagavi among 625 adolescent girls in the age group of 16–19 years. Data was collected by house to house visit using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Results: The mean age (±SD) at menarche was found to be 12.8±1.73 years. Our study showed that as the knowledge increased, there was increase in the use of sanitary pad (p<0.001) and increase in the number of girls practicing cleaning of external genitalia during menstruation (p<0.01). However, it was found that 276 (50.5%) and 175 (37.7%) of the girls did not use sanitary pads and practice cleaning of external genitalia during menstruation even after having correct knowledge showing a gap in knowledge and practice. Similarly, among the 494 girls who knew that menstruation is a natural process, 93 (18.8%) girls wrongly believed she shouldn’t sleep in the same place as usual, 124 (25.1%) said she shouldn’t enter the kitchen, 186 (37.7%) believed that certain foods should be avoided and only 37 (7.5%) rightly believed that girls could go to place of worship during menstruation showing a gap in knowledge and belief. Conclusions: The study reported a gap in knowledge, belief and practice among adolescent girls. To bridge this gap causes have to be identified and addressed.
Study of perceived reasons for initiation and continuation of tobacco use among rural population
Authors: Jeeragyal Devika P. , M. Sasidhar , Udayar Sharvanan E. , John K. R. , Kalluri Reddy J.
Published: September 2017

Background: Tobacco consumption is a major public health issue and is the major risk factor for causes of death. In India, 90% of the oral cancer patients were tobacco chewers. No of women chewing tobacco is also increasing leading to stillbirth, preterm baby and LBW babies. No of children using the tobacco in their early age is an urgent issue to address. Study was done with an objective of exploring the perceived reasons for initiation and continuation of tobacco usage among rural population Kuppam in A.P. Methods: Prevalence study was done at field practice area of Kuppam in A.P. Results: Total 1500 individuals above 15 yrs were studied. The overall prevalence of tobacco use among the subjects was 61.3%. The age at initiation of tobacco use was less than 20 years (54.4%). In our study reasons to start and continue the tobacco usage were, peer pressure 50.4%, influence of family members 16.4%, to overcome the hunger and thirst was 9.6%, relaxation 3%. Conclusions: Hence it is essential for community based smoking cessation activities, health education, behavioral change communication, focus group discussion, legislative measures should be considered as preventive measures.
A comparative study among medical and nursing interns about the awareness of hepatitis B infection and knowledge of vaccination status: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sushma Marupuri , Musthaq Pasha M. A. , Fatima Afsar , Issac Ebenezer B.
Published: September 2017

Background: Hepatitis B is a major health problem worldwide and more serious in India. An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe and effective vaccine. A Study on Awareness of Hepatitis B Infection and Vaccination among Medical Interns and Nursing interns in Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study is done. Students who are present at the time of data collection by a pre structured pre-tested questionnaire given. Data was analyzed by usingSPSS 21 version. Data was presented in proportions and chi-square was done for significance with 95% confidence interval.Results: The study was under taken among the medical interns (80) and nursing interns (70) at Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal. Out of all 150 students 87% all know that the type of infections viral. There is a significant knowledge difference between the medical interns and nursing interns about the knowledge of the modes of transmission i.e. Medical interns have higher knowledge when compared to nursing interns. 97% of medical interns are vaccinated whereas only 50% of nursing interns and also significant difference knowledge about the post exposure prophylaxis 76% in medical interns 19% in nursing interns.Conclusions: This study showed that overall awareness regarding hepatitis B is at a very basic level among the nursing interns when compared to medical interns of the future and measures need to be taken to create complete awareness.
Assessment of immunization services at immunization sessions under Ghatnandur PHC area in Beed district
Authors: Salunke Shashikant Shivajirao , Sancheti Poonam Vijay
Published: September 2017

Background: It was realized that just providing vaccine to achieve targets without giving attention to quality of services doesn’t guarantee a reduction in disease morbidity & mortality. Operational challenges such as logistic supply and microplanning have to be taken into consideration There is also increasing need to ensure that providers stick to service delivery protocols to achieve better health outcomes. Therefore the Study was aimed to assess the immunization sessions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the immunization sessions for logistics and availability of health workers, in the study area.Methods: The study was carried in 21 Grampanchayats covered by Ghatnadur PHC. semi structured preformed questionnaire was used for evaluation. Immunization sessions were also studied for information provided regarding side effects of vaccines.Results: Availability of human resources and logistics for vaccination sessions was more than 80% at all vaccination sessions. Information about side effects was the loophole in vaccine delivery services. Message regarding side effects of vaccines was not conveyed to most of the population.Conclusions: Vaccine delivery services were good in study area. Information about side effects should be conveyed 100% to of the population. The study should be extended to larger area for generalization of results.
Socioeconomic factor and satisfaction of MCH client in urban slum of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Nripendra , Jain Seema , Chopra Harivansh , Kumar Arun , Singh Ganesh , Kesarwani Priyanka
Published: September 2017

Background: The health of the mother and child constitutes one of the most serious health problems affecting the community, particularly in the developing countries like India. Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important aspects. But any program, however, relevant its components were likely to fail unless it succeeds in improving the knowledge and achieving satisfaction of its respondent. Client satisfaction has traditionally been linked to the quality of services given and the extent to which specific needs were met. The objective of the study was to determine the level of satisfaction and correlated factor among mothers visiting primary health care institutions for maternal care services.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 384 women attending 19 urban health post located in Meerut.Results: In present study 76.0% MCH respondent belong to lower socioeconomic class, 46.4% MCH respondent were 6-12th class pass, 33.1% MCH respondent belong to SC/ST category. Satisfaction with behavior of staff was significant associated with socioeconomic class, educational qualification and religion of respondent. Satisfaction with cleanliness is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, type of family, education and caste of client. Satisfaction with availability of drug is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, education, category and religion of respondent. Satisfaction with behavior of doctor is significantly associated with type of family, education and category of respondent.Conclusions: In present study, we observed that satisfaction of MCH respondents were closely related to the services provided at MCH center and with the behavior of health care providers.
Awareness, knowledge and practices about mosquito borne diseases in patients of tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai
Authors: Wasnik Sumit , Mehta Arjun
Published: September 2017

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are a serious public health concern in India. The incidence of Mosquito borne diseases is linked with economic and social development of the community. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness, knowledge and practices about mosquito borne diseases in study population and explore the various myths about mosquito borne diseases among them.Methods: It is a hospital based cross-sectional study and the study participants will be patients getting admitted for any reason and having fever, in the general medicine male and female ward. This study period was 3 month (January to March 2017). Results: Total 150 patients admitted in male and female medicine ward were included in the study out of them 84 were male and 66 were female patients. It was observed that educated participants had more knowledge about mosquitoes borne diseases. Conclusions: Most of the participants didn’t know that clean water could be a source of breeding of mosquitoes. Many myths are prevalent in the study population about mosquitoes borne diseases.