bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penerapan Metode Full Costing Penentu Harga Pokok Produk
Authors: Qur'an Nur Azmil , Oshan N. Frudiaz , Bagus Riszal , Jakaria Ribangun Bambang
Published: April 2024

Production costs owned by each company are certain to increase along with the increase in the amount of demand for finished products in the market. However, the increase in the number of requests for finished products is not proportional to the level of profit generated, making it difficult for companies to control cast flow, therefore allocating costs, and determining the amount of costs becomes something important in order to reduce the cost of production per unit. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of cost allocation used to determine the cost of goods manufactured to obtain the level of effectiveness and efficiency of the company in order to achieve ideal profits. The method used is the full costing method. The Full Costing method provides a comprehensive overview of production costs, including direct and indirect costs, and provides information relevant to the company's strategic decision making. The results showed that the application of the Full Costing method provides a more comprehensive picture of production costs, so that the company is able to identify more precisely the cost of goods. So that the company is able to increase efficiency, optimize profitability in determining the cost of goods.
Testosterone hormone level changes in occlusion training applied with resistance exercise in young males
Authors: Yalçin Seda , Beyleroğlu Malik
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to examine the changes in the testosterone hormone level of occlusion training applied with resistance exercise in young males. The study consisted of 36 (age 19.71±1.31 years) healthy young male participants. Participants were randomly divided into three groups; experiment1 (continuous BFR, blood flow restriction, + resistance exercise), experiment2 (intermittent BFR+ resistance exercise), and control (resistance exercise only). Groups performed the squat exercise for six sets with 70% of their 1 RM, two repetitions in each set and a 3-minute rest interval between sets. For the testosterone hormone test, blood samples were taken from the participants before, after and 15 minutes after the exercise. Repeated measures analysis of variance (Repeated Measures ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. In statistical analysis, the level of significance was accepted as p<.05. According to the results of the research, there was an increase in testosterone levels in the groups with continuous and intermittent BFR compared to the control group.
The impact of callanetics exercises on some biomotor skills and physical characteristics of women with osteoporosis aged 45–55 years
Authors: Khalil Lamyaa Abdul Sattar
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the value of callanetics exercises in enhancing some aspects of the health fitness of women with osteoporosis and to determine how callanetics exercises affect elderly women with osteoporosis in terms of enhancing certain aspects of health fitness. The sample included women with osteoporosis of the Department of Physiotherapy at Baghdad Hospital, aged 45–55 years, during the period from 1/3/2022 to 9/8/2022. The callanetics exercises applied produced a decrease in the percentage of fat, with a decline in the values of hip and thigh circumferences.
Analysis of the topics of sports talk shows on Iraqi satellite channels: The Captain's Program in Al-Iraqiya Sports Channel as a model
Authors: Zaeid Haider Falah , Saihood Anmar Ghafil , Yusur Marwan Khashlan , Yasir Noor Kareem , Hassooni Hussein Abdulameer
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to identify the quality and nature of the topics raised in the sports talk programs of the Iraqi sports channel. With this purpose we analyzed how the channel deals with these topics and on what it focuses in The Captain's Program in Al-Iraqiya Sports Channel. We also analyzed the hosted personalities in this program and their role in the sports community. In order to reach the objectives of the research, the survey method and the content analysis tool were used to analyze the episodes of the Captain program of the Iraqi sports channel, through intentional sample represented by a partial enumeration of the episodes of the mentioned program. In this paper we discussed the theoretical rooting of sports talk shows, their quality and importance in discussing the Iraqi sports reality, and a brief overview of the Iraqi sports channel and the Captain Sports talk show. In this study, we hope that we will shed light on knowing the most important topics discussed in the sports talk shows and come up with results that serve the communicator, the audience and the sports community.
Effectiveness of educational units using the Thought Acceleration Model on the learning of table tennis forehand and backhand in 13–15-year-old players
Authors: Qaddoori Ameen Ihsan
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of educational units using the Thought Acceleration Model on the learning of table tennis forehand and backhand in 13–15-year-old players. The research sample consisted of 10 junior players (ages 13-15 years) from the specialized table tennis academy of the province of Kirkuk. The researcher divided the research sample into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, each consisting of 5 players. The experimental group received 8 educational units according to the Thought Acceleration Model. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the educational units using the Thought Acceleration Model on the learning of table tennis forehand and backhand in 13–15-year-old players. Therefore, the author recommends to use educational models that address the functioning of the human mind and help activate its energies along with special exercises to develop specific skills in any given sport.
Determining the grades and standard levels of some mental skills as an indicator for the selection of young volleyball players
Authors: Setar Mohammed Khalil , Aed Shamkhi Doaa , Jabar Mohammed Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the grades and standard levels of some mental skills as an indicator for the selection of young volleyball players. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method. The sample was composed of 129 young volleyball players of Iraqi clubs. The researchers identified the scale and procedures and applied it to the research sample. Analyzing the data, it was found that most of the volleyball players of the sample had an average level of mental skills. Considering this, it is highly recommendable to accompany physical training programs with psychological and tactical programs, in order to improve not only physical skills but also mental skills.
Design validity and reliability of test instruments for measuring football heading accuracy and coordination
Authors: Manshuralhudlori  , Iqbal Doewes Rumi , Nuryadin Islahuzzaman , Syaifullah Rony
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to design, validate, and test the reliability of test instruments for measuring the accuracy and coordination of football headings. The research design employed a research and development approach based on the Gall and Borg developmental steps, which encompass needs analysis, product development, expert assessment, Group I test, Group II test, and the final product. A total of 100 male football players and 100 female football players participated in evaluating the design of the soccer heading skills test instrument. Three experts were invited to assess validity. Data analysis was performed using Aiken V to assess validity and Cronbach's alpha to assess reliability. The results indicated the following: (1) needs analysis, based on observation, found that football players' heading mastery was still low; (2) product design included numbered targets within the goal, comprising 10 points, the implementation of a header toss by the examiner during the heading test, and the specification of the heading zone; (3) the results of the validity test based on the expert's assessment showed an Aiken V value of 0.86 > 0.77 so that it was stated that the football heading test instrument was valid; (4) the test results for group I showed a reliability value of > 0.60 (0.878 for male players; 0.810 for female players) thus indicating consistency in the developed heading test instrument; (5) the test results for group II also showed a reliability value of > 0.60 (0.828 for male players; 0.802 for female players) thus indicating consistency in the developed heading test instrument; (6) the test results showed that the heading test instrument is valid and reliable so that the designed test becomes the final product. This heading test instrument can be used as a normative reference to measure the accuracy and coordination of football headings.
An Investigation into the Role of Pronunciation Apps in Speaking Improvement: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Seemab Sikandar , Azhar Behjat , Iftikhar Sameera
Published: April 2024

This article examines the issue of the effectiveness of pronunciation applications for second language learning in terms of improvement in speaking proficiency. The issue of pronunciation is one of the cause of the most of the challenge to some language learners as a result of those linguistic and cultural factors. Because of the wide use of pronunciation apps in the contemporary digital world, their effectiveness in speech improvement needs to be examined. Data collection will be done through mixed-methods approach where quantitative analysis of apps usage data will be conducted along with qualitative interviews and assessments that will give a total picture of effect of pronunciation apps on the skill development. These apps can help to improve language learners' pronunciation more deeply, which then leads to increased confidence and a more fluent use of the target language. It is technology that makes this type of apps important tools during the process of second language acquisition. In conclusion, the research paper about the language education, the technology integration, and second language learning serves to improve the language learning for learners worldwide.
Endodontic Treatment in Switzerland. A National Survey
Authors: Zaugg Lucia K , Savic Aleksandra , Amato Mauro , Amato Julia , Weiger Roland , Connert Thomas
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to collect information about current treatment protocols of endodontic procedures among general practitioners (GP), endodontically interested practitioners (EI) and endodontic specialists (ES) in Switzerland and to compare them with available endodontic quality guidelines and former surveys. A questionnaire was distributed to 1,522 attendees of two national conferences (Swiss Dental Association, 2015; Swiss Society for Endodontology, 2016) addressing socio-demographic characteristics and specific questions about root canal treatments (RCT) including techniques and materials used. Five hundred and six surveys were collected comprising data of 81.8% GP, 14.4% EI and 3.8% ES (response rate: 33.2%). The majority of respondents was male (59.9%), 40–59 years old (55.9%) with >20 years of clinical experience (54.3%). 498 participants (98.4%) stated to perform RCT. Rubber dam was always used in 52.2% of GP, 69.9% of EI and 89.5% of ES, while never-user accounted for 14.1%. Overall, 63.9% used loupes and 13.7% microscopes (mostly by ES). Rotating instruments were selected in 43.2%, followed by conventional hand-instruments (37.8%) and reciprocating instruments (19%). GP rarely activated irrigants and applied NaOCl in lower concentrations (>0.5–1%) compared to ES. GP preferred lateral compaction (57%), ES performed vertical compaction in 89.5%. 92% completed RCT after two or more visits. The majority of dentists in Switzerland follow the available quality guidelines and the present findings are coherent with internationally published surveys. Nonetheless, discrepancies are still present between daily practice and endodontic quality guidelines, especially with the routine use of rubber dam and working length determination, predominantly within the endodontic non-specialists.
Application and prospect of novel nanomedicine in cancer therapy
Authors: Qiao Lijie
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the application of new nanodrugs in cancer treatment has gradually become a research hotspot. In this paper, we explore the design principles, preparation methods and their anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, and explore potential clinical applications. The results show that nanomedicine improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effects by achieving accurate delivery and controlled release of drugs, providing a new solution for cancer treatment. In terms of design principles, nanomdrugs mainly make use of unique properties such as small size effects, surface effects and quantum size effects of nanomaterials to combine drug molecules with nanocarriers to achieve precise delivery and controlled release of drugs. In terms of preparation methods, physical, chemical and biological methods are used to prepare nanoscale drugs with different morphology and structures. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that nanomedicines can significantly increase the concentration of the drug in the tumor cells, enhance the therapeutic efficacy, and reduce the toxicity to normal tissues. However, nanomedicine still face many challenges in the field of cancer therapy. Looking ahead, with the continuous advances in nanotechnology, it is reasonable to believe that nanomedicine will play a greater role in the field of cancer therapy. Through in-depth study of the mechanism of action of nanomedicine, optimizing the preparation process, improving the precision of the controlled drug release system, and focusing on the biological safety issues, we are expected to bring safer and more effective treatment methods for cancer patients. At the same time, the combined application of nanomedicine and other therapeutic means such as immunotherapy and gene therapy will also become a research hotspot in the future, providing more comprehensive and personalized treatment options for cancer treatment.
Research progress on ultrasound medicine in diagnosis and evaluation of chemotherapy effect of breast cancer
Authors: Hu Ningxuan
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among cancers in the world and is the main cause of death among female cancer patients around the world. The progress of ultrasound technology has continuously improved the ability to identify the shape and microvessels of breast masses. It plays an important role in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses and is the main auxiliary diagnostic method for breast cancer. The widespread implementation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has improved the survival rate of patients. Evaluating the efficacy after chemotherapy and adjusting chemotherapy strategies as needed can help improve the prognosis of patients. Ultrasound can conduct multi-parameter measurements of breast tumor hardness, blood flow velocity and vascular distribution, which can be applied to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. This article reviewed the application and research progress of multi-modal ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy of breast cancer.
Detection of Fluorescently Labeled Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin, a Marker of Alcohol Dependence, in Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Zhang Binxue , Huang Mengting , Zheng Zhiye , Yu Suhong , Rehman Aikebaier
Published: April 2024

A fluorescence-based (HPLC-FLD) method was developed for the detection of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a marker of alcohol dependence, in dried blood spots (DBS). Dried blood spots were cut and immersed in hydrochloric acid to leach out proteins, labeled with terbium ions, and then sent to high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector for detection. The levels of CDT in the dried blood spot samples of 10 clinically alcohol-dependent individuals were in general agreement with the results of the assayed levels of CDT in serum samples from the same source. The method can effectively amplify the detection signal of micro samples with high sensitivity and specificity, and the sampling method is simple and convenient to ensure the accuracy of the results, which is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of CDT in clinical micro samples.
Single-Cell Model of Orexin Neuron and Adaptive Glucose-sensing Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Jiacheng
Published: April 2024

Orexin neurons are critical for regulating sleep-wake behavior. Their intrinsic firing activity promotes wakefulness. Orexin neurons are also specialized sensor of the body’s glucose level. Small rises in glucose level inhibit intrinsic action potential firing of orexin neuron. A distinct group of orexin neuron exhibits only transient inhibitory responses to sustained glucose stimulation. This adaptation involves recovery from inhibition via closure of leak-like potassium channels. In this project, we simulated the baseline behavior and adapting/nonadapting orexin response to sustained glucose stimulation in MatLab environment.
Prueba 2
Authors: Lehkuniec Ramiro
Published: April 2024

Borrador 2
Forecasting Political Disruption: The Impending Demographic Bonus in Indonesia.
Authors: Fathiya Atikah Najra
Published: April 2024

A demographic bonus is expected in Indonesia between 2030 and 2045 when people of productive age (16-65 years old) will dominate the country's economic and political systems. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the demographic bonus has the potential to produce turmoil in Indonesian politics. This study is based on the 'political demography' idea, which states that having a large number of young people in a country destabilizes its political structure. Three reasons contribute to this: the democratic and political system, economic factors, and prejudice against specific ethnicities and religions. According to the findings of this study, the author discovered factors that have the potential to cause turbulence in Indonesia's political system, such as Indonesia's unstable democratic and political system, as well as discrimination that can lead to protests from minorities against their unequal participation in Indonesian politics.
The Politics of Demographic Change: Addressing the Youth Bulge in Ivory Coast
Authors: Hamdi Farhan
Published: April 2024

This research explores the relationship between youth bulge and political instability, using Ivory Coast as a case study. Despite being one of the world's poorest continents, Africa is experiencing a quick and considerable youth bulge, posing difficulties to political stability. The youth bulge phenomenon, which is defined by a disproportionate increase in the youthful population compared to other age groups, has historically been linked to political upheaval, as evidenced by events such as the Arab Spring. Lack of democracy, economic restrictions, and ethnic or religious discrimination are among the factors that contribute to political instability during a youth bulge. This study uses a qualitative research approach and secondary data analysis to investigate the impact of the youth bulge on the Ivory Coast political scene. The findings suggest a high youth unemployment rate of 35.7%, as well as considerable differences in educational access and political participation among young people. This lack of political engagement exacerbates the confusion, resulting in rebellion and instability. The study emphasizes the significance of tackling socioeconomic difficulties and increasing political inclusion to counteract the negative consequences of the youth bulge on political stability in Ivory Coast and other contexts.
Effectiveness and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation versus Liver Resection in the Treatment of Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zhifeng , Hu Yiren , Huang Lidong
Published: April 2024

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation and liver resection in the therapeutic management of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Method: We conducted a comprehensive search of domestic and foreign databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang to retrieve literature on radiofrequency ablation and liver resection for the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma. The retrieved literature underwent thorough screening, and relevant data were extracted. Following the evaluation of the literature's quality, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.
Results: In this study, a total of 11 documents were selected, comprising 1334 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Meta-analysis results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the 1-year overall survival rate [Relative risk (RR) = 1.01, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.98; 1.04)] and the 3-year overall survival rate [RR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.90; 1.01)] between the radiofrequency ablation and liver resection groups (p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the 1-year disease-free survival rate [RR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.87; 1.01)] between the two groups. However, the 3-year disease-free survival rate [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.74; 0.96)] of patients in the radiofrequency ablation group was significantly lower than that in the hepatectomy group (p < 0.05). Notably, the incidence of complications [RR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.33; 0.55)] was significantly lower in the radiofrequency ablation group compared to the hepatectomy group. Conversely, the local recurrence rate [RR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.22; 1.73)] was significantly higher in the radiofrequency ablation group compared to the hepatectomy group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: During the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatectomy demonstrates superior clinical efficacy compared to radiofrequency ablation, particularly in its ability to control tumor recurrence. However, radiofrequency ablation presents with fewer complications and a higher level of safety. These findings can serve as a valuable foundation for clinicians when selecting the most suitable treatment approaches for liver cancer.
Clinical Efficacy of Percutaneous Balloon Compression Combined with Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yu Xing , Liang Yuan
Published: April 2024

Objective: To investigate the effect of percutaneous balloon compression combined with carbamazepine on patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN). 
Methods: The clinical data of 126 patients with TN admitted to our hospital from January, 2021 to January, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent percutaneous balloon compression in our hospital. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, according to whether they continued to take carbamazepine after surgery. The general demographic data of patients, such as gender, age, family income, education level, pain site, diseased nerve, course of disease, and duration of pain were collected. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups, and the quality of life, treatment effect, and complications of the two groups were compared after matching. 
Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (95.00%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (p < 0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the scores for quality of life dimensions between the two groups (p > 0.05). After treatment, the scores for each quality of life dimension in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. After treatment, the incidence of complications in the observation group (7.50%) was lower than that in the control group (30.00%) (p < 0.05). 
Conclusions: Percutaneous balloon compression combined with carbamazepine can effectively enhance the treatment of patients by improving their quality of life and reducing the occurrence of complications. These results can improve the clinical management of TN.
Exploring the Risk Factors for Deep Vein Thrombosis after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: He Jia Wei , Zhu Zhan Peng , Cai Xiao Yan , Su Yan Feng , Li Pei Zhen
Published: April 2024

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a frequent complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), may lead to severe conditions like pulmonary embolism. Current knowledge on postoperative DVT risk factors is, however, limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of DVT after PCNL. 
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent PCNL from March 2020 to March 2023 at our institution. Patient demographics and clinical data, including, DVT-specific information, preoperative labs, and surgical details, was evaluated. 
Results: One hundred patients were included. Thirty-two (20 males, 12 females, mean age 52.5 ± 7.4 years) developed lower limb DVT post-surgery, while the remaining 68 (48 males, 20 females, mean age 51.1 ± 5.5 years) had no DVT symptoms. Analysis revealed significant correlations between hyperlipidemia, operating time, postoperative bed rest duration, D-dimer level on the first day after surgery, Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) score, and DVT risk. D-dimer on the first day after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, postoperative bed rest time and Caprini RAM scores were independent risk factors for DVT after PCNL. Sex, age, hypertension status, diabetes status and smoking and drinking habits were not significantly associated with DVT risk. 
Conclusions: D-dimer on the first day after PCNL, postoperative bed rest time and Caprini RAM scores were independent risk factors for DVT after PCNL.
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver with Epithelioid Features: A Case Report of an Exceptional Histological Heterogeneity among Rare Diseases
Authors: Kersik Alessia , Bracchetti Greta , Bonomi Alessandro , Bovo Giorgio , Serena Cuttin Maria , Germini Alessandro , Gjoni Elson , Granieri Stefano , Cotsoglou Christian
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, with nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiological features. Less than 150 cases have been reported in adults across the world.
Presentation of Case: We report a case of an extremely rare subtype of UESL with epithelioid features in a 29-year-old woman, presenting as a cystic lesion of 27 × 17 cm, completely subverting the right hepatic lobe. She underwent a right hepatectomy with anterior approach, complete hilum lymphadenectomy and partial diaphragmatic resection for local infiltration, followed by systemic chemotherapy. She remains with no evidence of disease and liver mass has been restored after 6 months.  
Discussion: The present case report represents the second case of UESL with epithelioid features described across the world. The immunohistochemical expression pattern, cytokeratin (CK)19 + and CK7 –, strongly suggests an origin of this epithelioid component from native biliary cells and not from a reshaped ductal plate. Due to the rarity of this form, to date it is impossible to define the prognostic impact of this subtype of UESL, and treatment remains challenging.  
Conclusion: UESL is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in adults, but a comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment based on radical resection and adjuvant therapy may provide a survival benefit. Surgical excision with negative margins remains mandatory to diagnose and treat UESL.
Intragastric Balloon as a Noninvasive Method for Obesity Treatment: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Eminoğlu Levent
Published: April 2024

Background: The incidence of obesity is increasing globally, with approximately 1 in 3 adults either overweight or obese. Surgery provides the most effective treatment for advanced obesity; however, endoscopic treatment, including intragastric balloon therapy, is commonly used in patients who do not meet the indications for surgery. Our study aimed to evaluate short- and mid-term weight changes of patients who had intragastric balloon therapy. 
Material and Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we enrolled 320 patients with body mass index (BMI) values between 30 and 40 kg/m2 and without comorbidities, who underwent intragastric balloon treatment. 284 patients successfully underwent the operation. All patients were followed-up at 6 months after treatment, balloons were removed, and BMIs were recorded. Further follow-up was performed 6 months after balloon removal, and patients' BMI and demographic data were recorded again. 
Results: Overall, 320 patients were enrolled in this study. In this cohort, 82 returned to their preprocedural weight at 1 year postprocedure, whereas 260 had BMI lower than the preprocedural values, but higher than the values at 6 months postprocedure. None of the patients had lower BMI compared to their 6-month postprocedural values. 
Conclusions: Balloon therapy typically helps patients lose 10% of body weight. Intragastric balloons are effective when used as weight loss tools, but are ineffective at maintaining weight loss. An intragastric device placed for 6 months may also be expected to help the patients develop better eating habits; however, we did not encounter this lifestyle change in our series.
Early and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Tumors in Elderly Patients
Authors: Aziret Mehmet , Aşıkuzunoğlu Feyza , Altıntoprak Fatih , Tozlu Mukaddes , Demirci Ayşe , Ercan Metin , Saydan Doğukan , İmran Küçük Ali
Published: April 2024

Aim: The growing elderly population is facing an increasing risk of cancers, consequently raising the pancreatic cancer surgery rate. This study aimed to determine whether advanced age is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary tumors.   
Materials and Methods: The present study included 90 patients who underwent PD for periampullary tumors. Patients were divided into two age-related groups, including those aged 60–74 years (n = 60) (Group 1) and those aged ≥75 years (n = 30) (Group 2). Each patient's characteristics, perioperative features, morbidity, and long-term results were evaluated retrospectively.   
Results: In both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, old age (≥75 years) was not a risk factor for morbidity and hospital mortality. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that male gender (p = 0.008), pancreatic duct diameter (<3 mm) (p < 0.001), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for pancreatic fistula post-operation and reoperation. Additionally, hospital mortality was significantly associated with reoperation (p = 0.011). The overall median survival was 27 ± 4.1 (18.8–35.1) months. Lymph node positivity (p < 0.001), neural tumor invasion (p = 0.026), and age ≥75 years (p = 0.045) were risk factors affecting the overall survival rate. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of PD rates during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) period among groups, and PD during this period was not related to the occurrence of pancreatic fistula.   
Conclusion: PD can be performed effectively in selected elderly patients with tolerable morbidity and mortality rates.
STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Savanur Firdouskousar A
Published: April 2024

Knowledge management is the new era in the field of management. It is a process, begins with the knowledge creation step and ends with usage of information. If Organization implements Knowledge Management (KM), it will nurture the value of firm and boost the positive attitude of stakeholders. The purpose behind this study is, to understand the challenges faced by the organizations in adopting KM and to suggest strategies to overcome the challenges. In this study, secondary sources of data viz Journals, Articles, Media reports, Web and Magazines are considered. While adopting KM, organization may faced some challenges like Difficulty in planning, Technical issues, Lack of finance, Resist to change etc. Organization can smash these challenges by applying certain strategies like Proper planning, Training program, Appointing a Knowledge manager, Capital reserve, Negotiation programs to encourage the attitude of change and Strong culture etc. Further, Organization should be Optimist, organization will enjoy overwhelming longterm benefits if it implement KM by adopting some crucial strategies.
INNOVATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN BELAGAVI RURAL.
Authors: Byahatti Dr. Chidanand , Ramgouda Pavankumar C.
Published: April 2024

This research explores and evaluates innovative marketing strategies tailored for the unique context of Belagavi Rural's agricultural sector. The study investigates the challenges and opportunities in marketing agricultural products in this specific region, considering factors such as local traditions, consumer preferences, and distribution challenges. By analyzing successful case studies and incorporating insights from key stakeholders, the research aims to identify effective strategies that can enhance the market presence and profitability of agricultural products in Belagavi Rural. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights to marketers, policymakers, and businesses seeking to optimize their approach in rural agricultural markets. Key words: Agricultural products, Belagavi Rural, Marketing strategies, Rural marketing, Innovation
The Nexus between Market Orientation and Organizational Performance
Authors: Mobusher Ali
Published: April 2024

Current study is conducted to measure the impact of market orientation on banking performance. Organizational performance is as dependent variable which is measured with non-financial performance. Whereas, the study has taken market orientation as independent variable and is measured by (Intelligence generation, Intelligence dissemination and responsiveness to intelligence. The study results showed that intelligence generation has positive impact (t= 4.351/ p value=.000) on organizational performance. This study results also showed that   intelligence dissemination has positive impact (t=3.423/ p value =.001) on organizational performance. This study also showed that responsiveness to intelligence has positive impact (t=6.124/ p value =.000) on organizational performance based upon primary data. Multiple regression has been used to check the impact of independent variables on dependent variable. While correlation has been used to check the relationship between variables.
Sunyaragi Cave as a Cultural Heritage Tourist Attraction of the People of Cirebon
Authors: Nurkhaeriyah Nurkhaeriyah , Bastoni Bastoni , Prawira Triutama Oqke , Khairune Nisa An Nuur
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses how the process of changing Sunyaragi Cave from its initial function as a learning studio for the King's family to a place of deliberations on war strategies against Dutch colonialists to become a tourism industry at this time. This research uses a qualitative method approach to describe the natural condition of objects, where the researcher is the key instrument. The reason researchers choose descriptive research is to be able to describe systematically and accurately facts and characteristics about the population or a particular field. The researcher here intends to provide an overview of a particular social phenomenon that already exists. The discussion in this paper covers the history of Sunyaragi Cave, starting from its establishment and several restorations to its current condition. There is a cave management crisis until an agreement is reached by the responsible manager at this time and discusses how to change its function into a tourism industry and the uniqueness of cave architecture so that it has the potential to become a tourist destination for the cultural heritage of the people of Cirebon.
Status of Health Literacy and associated factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal
Authors: Baral Sushila , Marahatta Sujan Babu , Baral Yadu Nath , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Paudel Srijana , Pandeya Pawan , Pandey Sony , Shrestha Nilima , Sharma Anupama , Sharma Nupur
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes is an iceberg disease and a major public health issue in Nepal. The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes have occurred globally, especially affecting societies in economic transition, mostly newly industrialized and developing countries. Health literacy has become crucial to develop skills and knowledge of a person to access, understand and use the information and understand health determinants to make health and health care decisions and implement healthy behaviors.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess health literacy level and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020. Health literacy level was measured using the European health survey questionnaire. This study used the SPSS version 16 on the received data sets to perform statistical analysis. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to identify the independent factors related to health literacy.
Results: The study showed that majority (86.3 %) of the diabetes patients had adequate health literacy. Gender, marital status, educational status, occupational status, and hospitalization were found statistically significant with health literacy. Marital Status (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.71, p = 0.001), educational status (AOR = 7.06, 95% CI: 2.13-23.36, p = 0.001), hospitalization (AOR = 8.38, 95% CI: 1.85-37.92, p = 0.001) and treatment compliance (AOR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.57-11.63, p = 0.001) were found to be predictors for the health literacy.
Conclusion: The study findings indicated more than a fourth-fifth of the respondents had adequate health literacy. Health Literacy plays a vital role in the prevention and management of the disease, so, the government should emphasize on uplift the education level and provide health counseling during diagnosis and treatment.
Knowledge of Osteoporosis among women of 40 years and above in Nepalgunj sub-Metropolitan City
Authors: Neupane Arzoo , Pandeya Pawan , Baral Sushila , Chhetri Rashmita , Pandey Sony , Gautam Samjhana
Published: April 2024

Background: Osteoporosis is a global problem with a lifetime risk of osteoporotic fractures among women. It is the condition that reduces bone mass per unit volume of normally mineralized bone resulting in fractures, even minor trauma which increases as an increase in age.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the osteoporosis knowledge among women of 40 years and above residing in Muktipur-12, Nepalgunj, Banke.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in Muktipur-12, Nepalgunj Sub Metropolitan city among 150 women of 40 years and above. Face to face interview was conducted during July-August, 2018. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version-16 was used for descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Study showed 61.3% women of 40 years and above had fair knowledge of osteoporosis. Personal presence of osteoporosis was reported by 26% of respondents. Diet low in calcium (79.3%), lack of exercise (57.3%) and personal history of fracture during adulthood (44.7%) were the major reported causes of osteoporosis. Regarding knowledge on symptoms, lower back pain (78%), stooped position (64.7%) and bone fracture (42.7%) were reported. More than three fourth (84%) answered adequate calcium intake as preventive measures for osteoporosis. Knowledge of osteoporosis was found to be significantly associated with age (p<0.001), literacy (p=0.028) and occupation (p=0.019) of the participants.
Conclusion: This present study concluded fair level of knowledge regarding osteoporosis. Osteoporosis awareness program need to be continued and expanded covering young age women which could minimize the future risk of osteoporosis.
Factors Associated with Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Rajendra , Yadav Dr.Dipendra Kumar , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Paudel Ajaya
Published: April 2024

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is major problem especially affecting newly industrialized and developing countries. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a strategy used in maternal and new-born health to promote safe and healthy pregnancy and delivery by preparing women and families to avoid complications. This includes utilization of prenatal care, identifying health worker and health facilities, managing budget and transportation, identifying potential complications, and receiving health services.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Nepal.
Method: A quantitative, community based cross sectional analytical study was conducted between January and July 2023 among 221 pregnant women who completed 14 weeks of gestational age. Birth preparedness and complication readiness were measured using standard tool of JIPIEGO. Epi-data version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 20 was used for further analysis. Chi-square test was used to observe the statistical association, similarly, predictors of birth preparedness and readiness were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis.                    
Results: The study revealed only one quarter (26.6%) of pregnant women were prepared. Among the participants, 50.7% had selected health facilities, 40% had arranged transportation, 38% saved money, 12.2% identified health workers and 10% identified possible blood donor. Education of mother (AOR=15.275, 95% CI: 1.775-131.421), family income (AOR=4.977, 95% CI: 1.263-19.608) and gestational age (AOR=3.716, 95% CI: 1.200-11.504) were found to be predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness.
Conclusion: The study showed only about one fourth of the pregnant women were well prepared for birth complications and readiness. Birth preparedness and complication readiness play a vital role in the prevention of maternal and neonatal mortality. Health workers should emphasize to increase awareness and provide counselling during antenatal visits.
Covid-19 vaccine compliance among residents of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Mishra Durga Khadka , Khati Krishna , Sharma Sudip , Karna Aditya Kumar , Bhatta Mahesh , Chhetri Prakash , Nath Mahesh
Published: April 2024

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health threat. Equitable access to safe and effective vaccines is critical to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Promoting the uptake of vaccines (particularly those against COVID-19) require the understanding whether people are willing to be vaccinated, and the reasons behind their decision.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine compliance and factors associated with it among residents of Kathmandu valley.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among residents of Kathmandu valley through a pre-tested web-based self-administered questionnaire. A total of 390 respondents were selected to carry out this study. The collected data were entered into MS-excel and analyzed using SPSS IBM v. 25. Multivariable analysis was performed.     
Results:  Vaccine compliance was found in 94.1% of 390 respondents. Among the respondents, 91.5% had low risk perception of COVID-19; 85.4% had complete prior vaccination history; 61.3% perceived COVID-19 vaccine as effective; 65.6% perceived. COVID-19 vaccine as necessary whereas only 24.6 % believed the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe. Regarding COVID-19 vaccine compliance, females demonstrated a 3-fold higher likelihood than males (AOR= 3.0, 95%CI: 1.01-9.21). Complete vaccination history which had 31.9 times higher odds than no vaccination history (AOR=31.96, 95%CI: 9.72-105.14), perceived vaccine effectiveness which had 7.7 times higher odds than perceived ineffective (AOR= 7.75, 95%CI:  2.37-25.38), and high social influence which had 7.7 times higher odds compared to low social influence (AOR= 7.72, 95%CI:  2.19-27.12) were the associated factors with increased compliance.
Conclusion: This study revealed significantly high vaccine compliance rate in Kathmandu valley. Sex, complete vaccination history, perceived vaccine effectiveness and high social influence were the determinants for vaccine compliance which indicated the importance of ensuring people trust the vaccine's safety, utilizing social influence to encourage vaccination, and tailoring strategies to suit different demographics.
Determinants of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among Tuberculosis Patients in Yangon Region, Myanmar
Authors: Zaw Than , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: April 2024

Background: Although having Diabetes Mellitus might adversely affect tuberculosis treatment outcomes and reduce the likelihood of a favorable outcome, studies are still limited to identify many problems related to diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: To identify factors influencing Type 2 diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Yangon region, Myanmar.
Methods: A case control study conducted in the Yangon Region of Myanmar. Structured interview questionnaires were used for data collection after obtaining the informed consent. This study included 73 cases (TB patients with DM) and 146 controls (TB patients without DM) who were under tuberculosis treatment in 2023. Unconditional multivariable logistic regressions, crude odds ratios, and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals and P-values < 0.05 were applied for significant association.      
Results: Of the 219 TB patients, 112 (51.14%) were male and 107 (48.86%) were female. The study observed that the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity among tuberculosis patients were: female TB patients (AOR= 2.84, 95% CI:1.36-5.94), aged 45 years and older (AOR=3.04, 95% CI: 1.45-6.37), who were married (AOR=2.28,95% CI:1.03-5.04), diagnosed by GeneXpert (AOR=2.66, 95% CI:1.22-5.79), those who had a family history of DM (AOR=4.08, 95% CI: 1.94-8.58), and those who had BMI ≥25 (AOR=9.00, 95% CI: 2.71-29.95).
Conclusion: Based on findings, women TB patients, TB patients aged 45 years and older, married TB patients, TB patients detected by GeneXpert results, and TB patients with a family history of DM and a higher BMI were strong determinants of having TBDM. Therefore, encouraging health promotion on physical exercise, TB awareness campaign, pre-diabetes and diabetes screening and management among TB patients is crucial for the management of lifestyle and effective measures for the TB and comorbid disease control program.