bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anorexie mentale et EMDR : un cas clinique
Authors: Zaccagnino Maria , Cussino Martina , Callerame Chiara , Civilotti Cristina , Fernandez Isabel
Published: November 2018

De nombreuses études ont identifié des liens entre la psychopathologie et des antécédents d’événement de vie traumatiques et de relations d’attachement dysfonctionnelles. Compte tenu des origines traumatiques possibles de cette pathologie, il pourrait être utile d’apporter une intervention centrée sur le trauma comme la thérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires). Cet article s’appuie sur un cas clinique pour décrire les résultats positifs de la thérapie EMDR dans le rétablissement d’une anorexie mentale résistante chez une patiente de 17 ans en hospitalisation. Elle avait déjà été hospitalisée à quatre reprises au cours des quatre dernières années et avait suivi des thérapies psychodynamique et cognitive comportementale. Au début de la prise en charge, la patiente pesait 28 kg et son indice de masse corporelle était 14. Elle s’est vu attribuer un style d’attachement désengagé/évitant sur l’entretien de l’attachement adulte (Adult Attachment Interview). La thérapie EMDR lui a été proposée à l’hôpital sur une durée de six mois sous la forme de séances de 50 minutes, deux fois par semaine, correspondant aux procédures standard qui se centraient principalement sur ses traumas relationnels ; elle était combinée à des séances de psychoéducation et intégrée à la thérapie des états du moi. À la fin de la prise en charge, la patiente pesait 55 kg et son indice de masse corporelle était 21,5. Elle ne remplissait plus les critères diagnostiques de l’anorexie mentale et son style d’attachement s’était modifié en faveur d’un état d’esprit libre-autonome acquis. Elle décrivait une confiance en soi accrue et une plus grande capacité à gérer différentes situations sociales. Les résultats étaient maintenus lors du suivi après 12 et 24 mois. Les implications de cette étude de cas pour la prise en charge sont examinées.
Transfert et Contre-transfert dans la Thérapie EMDR
Authors: Piedfort-Marin Olivier
Published: November 2018

Comme pour toute autre méthode de psychothérapie, la thérapie de désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR) devraient conceptualiser les phénomènes intersubjectifs actifs durant la thérapie EMDR, en particulier dans le traitement des cas complexes. Cet article décrit les concepts de transfert et contre-transfert et comment les intégrer dans le modèle du Traitement Adaptif de l’Information (TAI). Dans cet article la recherche sur les neurones miroirs, le concept de système d’action ainsi que des considérations récentes sur la théorie de l’attachement pour les patients ayant un attachement désorganisé, sont incorporés aux concepts de transfert et contre-transfert. L’apport de chacune de ces théories est illustré par une vignette clinique qui décrit la manière dont les processus conscients et inconscients du client et du thérapeute sont imbriqués et comme ils peuvent affecter l’efficacité de la thérapie EMDR. Nous proposons le tissage cognitif basé sur le contre-transfert pour activer le TAI lorsque des problèmes contre-transférentiels bloquent le processus. Intégrer la connaissance sur le transfert et le contre-transfert dans la thérapie EMDR peut augmenter l’efficacité de l’EMDR, en particulier dans les cas complexes.
Condiciones de la edificación de vivienda aislada en Suelo No Urbanizable = Conditions of building detached houses in rural land
Authors: De Santiago Rodríguez Eduardo , González García Isabel
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo, desarrollo parcial de una reflexión más amplia sobre la problemática del urbanismo en el medio rural, se centra en la edificación de viviendas en Suelo No Urbanizable (SNU), en los municipios que carecen de una figura de planeamiento capaz de abordar este problema. Por ello, se han seleccionado las 5 CCAA (Aragón, Castilla La Mancha, Castilla León, Extremadura y La Rioja) donde esta cuestión es más relevante, en las cuales se revisa toda la normativa estatal y autonómica vigente, así como las correspondientes 19 Normas Subsidiarias Provinciales (NSP).En una triple articulación de escalas concatenadas (normativa estatal, autonómica, y NSP) se analizan los siguientes aspectos: el carácter del SNU y las medidas para evitar su urbanización mediante la prevención de las parcelaciones urbanísticas y las normas sobre segregación de fincas rústicas; las condiciones y el procedimiento de autorización de la vivienda unifamiliar aislada; y el concepto de núcleo de población a efectos evitar su formación. Este análisis se completa también con la revisión de las condiciones y parámetros de regulación de la edificación y la parcelación para viviendas aisladas en SNU.A la luz de todo ello, se concluye con una reflexión crítica sobre el concepto de núcleo de población y su relación con la autorización de viviendas en SNU.Abstract: This research, partial development of a more wide reflection on the problematics of urbanism in rural areas, focuses on the construction of detached housing in land classified as non-suitable for urban development (SNU), in municipalities that lack urban plans capable of addressing this problem. For this reason, the have been selected the 5 Autonomous Communities (Aragón, Castilla La Mancha, Castilla León, Extremadura and La Rioja), where this issue is more relevant, in which it is reviewed all state, regional and provincial (NSP) regulations in force.In a triple articulation of concatenated scales (state, regions, and provinces’ regulations), the following aspects are analysed: the character of the land classified as non-suitable for urban development, the measures to avoid its urbanization and the rules on segregation of rural properties; the conditions and the authorization procedure of detached single houses; and the concept of “new population nucleus” in order to avoid its creation. This analysis is also completed with the review of the building regulations and the conditions for the subdivision of rural plots.In light of all this, we conclude with a critical reflection on the concept of population nucleus in relation to the authorization of single detached houses in rural plots.
Cincuenta latas. Repetición Pop en la obra de Andy Warhol y Robert Venturi
Authors: Encabo Seguí Enrique , Esteban Maluenda Inmaculada
Published: November 2018

Resumen Este texto indaga sobre las características compartidas entre las praxis artística y arquitectónica de Andy Warhol y Robert Venturi durante el periodo 1962-1973. Más allá de aspectos biográficos que relacionen ambas figuras, se trata de establecer la posible influencia de la obra del artista de Pittsburgh en los trabajos iniciales del arquitecto. En este caso, frente a los aspectos visuales y temáticos más evidentes —del cliché como motivo a la estilización de los elementos arquitectónicos, mencionados brevemente en el escrito—, el foco de trabajo se centra de manera casi exclusiva en el análisis conceptual de la repetición de motivos en el plano. Si en el artista esta forma de operar resulta una contradictoria vía de expresión de lo manual en su ejercicio pictórico, en el arquitecto de Filadelfia la reiteración constituye una puesta al día de un recurso disciplinar orillado por la modernidad: el ornamento.AbstractThis article examines the characteristics shared by Andy Warhol and Robert Venturi’s artistic and architectural praxis during the 1962-1973 period. In addition to the biographical aspects linking the two figures, the article aims to establish the potential influence of the artist from Pittsburgh on the architect’s initial works. Here, rather than concentrating on the most evident visual and thematic aspects -from clichés as a motif to stylisation of architectural elements, briefly mentioned in the article-, the study focuses almost exclusively on a conceptual analysis of floor plans and repetition of motifs. While reiteration for the artist results in a contradictory means of expressing what is manual in his pictorial exercises, for the architect from Philadelphia it constitutes a means of bringing up to date a disciplinary recourse hemmed in by modernity, that is, ornamentation.
Templo. Máquina. Caravana. El teatro y la ciudad en la Italia del siglo XX
Authors: Quesada López Fernando
Published: November 2018

Resumen Entre 1965 y 1975 se produjo en Italia un debate muy intenso en torno a la arquitectura teatral, el edificio del teatro y su papel urbano, social y político. Se articuló alrededor de tres términos que suponen tres modos de relación entre el edificio teatral y la ciudad: el templo, la máquina y la caravana. Aquel debate, de una riqueza inusitada, quedó completamente al margen de la historiografía de la arquitectura italiana y europea, a pesar de su intensidad y de la importancia de todos sus protagonistas para la cultura arquitectónica del siglo XX. Muchos de los arquitectos, críticos e historiadores del momento intervinieron en este debate con propuestas de concurso no construidas, opiniones o análisis rigurosos. Uno de los más activos fue Guido Canella, con una amplia carrera como arquitecto de teatros y erudito de la cultura teatral, que además organizó en 1965 un curso de proyectos en el Politecnico di Milano, acompañado de conferencias, mesas de debate y actuaciones de grupos de la vanguardia internacional. Todo este material fue reunido en una publicación que inauguró este debate, y a la que todos sus protagonistas se refirieron en algún momento. Además de Guido Canella, otras personalidades como Bruno Zevi, Maurizio Sacripanti, Constantino Dardi, Mario Manieri-Elia y Manfredo Tafuri, intervinieron marcando un filón cultural que sigue estando completamente olvidado hoy día.AbstractBetween 1965 and 1975 there was a very intense debate in Italy about the theatrical architecture, the theatre building and its urban, social and political role. It was articulated around three terms that assume three ways of relation between the theatrical building and the city: the temple, the machine and the caravan. That debate, of an unusual wealth, was completely absent from the official historiography of Italian and European architecture, despite its intensity and the importance of all its protagonists for the architectural culture of the twentieth century. Many of the most prominent architects, critics and historians intervened in this debate with unbuilt competition proposals, opinions or rigorous analysis. One of the most active was Guido Canella, with a broad career as theatre architect and a scholar of theater culture himself. He organized a design studio at the Politecnico di Milano in 1965, accompanied by lectures, panel discussions and group performances by international avant-garde artists. All this material was gathered in a publication edited by Guido Canella that inaugurated this debate, called The Theatrical System in Milan, and to which all protagonists referred at some point of their respective interventions. In addition to Guido Canella, other personalities such as Bruno Zevi, Maurizio Sacripanti, Constantino Dardi, Mario Manieri-Elia and Manfredo Tafuri, intervened marking a cultural reef that remains widely forgotten today.
De la basílica vitruviana a la basílica ilustrada
Authors: Iborra Bernad Federico
Published: November 2018

Resumen El modelo de iglesia basilical ha estado presente en el cristianismo desdeépoca de Constantino. Entre sus diversas variantes e interpretaciones podría destacarse la que se desarrolló en la Francia de los siglos XVII y XVIII, caracterizada por entablamentos adintelados que soportan bóvedas de medio cañón y que, en última instancia, remite a una lectura errónea de la descripción vitruviana de la Basílica de Fano. Este importante episodio constituirá el germen renovador de la arquitectura neoclásica, aunque los edificios que vamos a tratar suelen quedar oscurecidos por la sombra de la paradigmática iglesia de Sainte-Geneviève de París que, sin embargo, abandona la tipología original. En este texto se propone una revisión de la arquitectura de esta época buscando un hilo conductor concatenando sus principales obras, que intentan explicarse desde planteamientos no sólo históricos o formales sino también constructivos.AbstractThe basilical church model has been present in Christianity since the time of Constantine. Among its various variants and interpretations could be highlighted that developed in the France of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, characterized by lintel entablatures that support half-barrel vaults and which, ultimately, refers to a misreading of the vitruviandescription of the Basilica of Fano. This important episode will be the renovating germ of neoclassical architecture, although the buildings we are about to treat are often obscured by the shadow of the paradigmatic church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris which, however, abandons the original typology. In this text we propose a revision of the architecture of this timelooking for a common thread connecting its main works, which try to explain themselves from not only historical or formal approaches, but also constructive ones.
Personality, Work-Life Balance, Hardiness, and Vocation: A Typology of Nurses and Nursing Values in a Special Sample of English Hospital Nurses
Authors: Bagley Christopher , Abubaker Mahmoud , Sawyerr Alice
Published: November 2018

This initial report of a longitudinal study of 192 English hospital nurses has measured Nursing Values (the 6Cs of nursing); Personality, Self-Esteem and Depression; Burnout Potential; Work-Life Balance Stress; ‘Hardy Personality’; and Intention to Leave Nursing. Correlational, component and cluster analysis  identifies four groups: “The Soldiers” (N = 79) , with medium scores on most measures, who bravely ‘soldier on’ in their nursing roles, in the face of numerous financial cuts to the National Health Service, and worsening nurse-patient ratios; “Cheerful Professionals” (N = 54), coping successfully with nursing roles, and a variety of challenges, in upwardly mobile careers; “High Achievers” (N = 39), senior nurses with strong profiles of a ‘hardy personality’, and commitment to fundamental nursing values; “Highly Stressed, Potential Leavers” (N = 20), with indicators of significant psychological distress, and difficulty in coping with nursing role challenges. We propose a model of co-counselling and social support for this distressed group, by nurses who are coping more successfully with multiple challenges. We discuss the role of nurse educators in fostering nursing values, and developing and supporting ‘hardy personality’ and emotional resilience in recruits to nursing. This study is framed within the disciplinary approach of Critical Realism, which identifies the value basis for research and dialogue in developing strategies for social change.
Analysis of Retrackers’ Performances and Water Level Retrieval over the Ebro River Basin Using Sentinel-3
Authors: Gao Qi , Makhoul Eduardo , Escorihuela Maria Jose , Zribi Mehrez , Quintana Seguí Pere , García Pablo , Roca Mònica
Published: November 2018

Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor river and reservoir water levels, from which water storage estimates can be derived. Inland water altimetry can therefore play an important role in continental water resource management. Traditionally, satellite altimeters were designed to monitor homogeneous surfaces such as oceans or ice sheets, resulting in a poor performance over small inland water bodies due to the contribution from land contamination in the returned waveforms. The advent of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimetry (with its improved along-track spatial resolution) has enabled the measurement of inland water levels with a better accuracy and an increased spatial resolution. This paper presents three specialized algorithms or retrackers to retrieve water levels from SAR altimeter data over inland water bodies dedicated to minimizing land contamination from the waveforms. The performances of the proposed waveform portion selection method with three retrackers, namely, the threshold retracker, Offset Centre of Gravity (OCOG) retracker and 2-step physical-based retracker, are compared. Time series of water levels are retrieved for water bodies in the Ebro River basin (Spain). The results show good agreement with in situ measurements from the Ebro Reservoir (width is approximately 1.8 km) and Ribarroja Reservoir (width is approximately 400 m) with un-biased root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of approximately 0.28 m and 0.16 m, respectively. The performances of all three retrackers are also compared with the European Space Agency’s ocean retracker in the Sentinel-3 Level-2 product.
PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN PADI BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PENGELOLAAN KOMPONEN EPIDEMIK
Authors: Nuryanto Bambang
Published: November 2018

                                                          ABSTRAK

Control of rice diseases still rely on the use of synthetic chemical
 pesticides are relatively expensive so that control costs increase,
 reaching 25% of total production costs. In addition, the use of
 pesticides has been proven to pollute the environment, especially
 if applied in an uncontrolled manner. Environmental manipulation
 or ecological engineering has the potential to suppress the
 development of plant diseases. This can be done by selectively
 managing the cultivated components, including the selection of
 resistant varieties, the use of healthy seeds, perfect soil preparation,
 the use of organic materials, the simultaneous cultivation at the
 right time, balanced fertilization and regulation of irrigation crops.
 In addition to effective, disease control technology based on
 epidemic components can also reduce production costs by 60%
 and reduce the yield rate of rice up to 30%. Application of
 environmentally friendly disease control technology has many
 advantages in supporting the growth of rice plants. Development
 of ecology-based rice disease control technology at farmer level
 require field supervision or through a comprehensive field school.

Keywords: Rice plant, disease control, ecology, epidemic

 

ABSTRAK

Pengendalian penyakit tanaman padi hingga kini masih
mengandalkan penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik yang relatif
mahal sehingga biaya pengendalian meningkat, mencapai 25% dari
total biaya produksi. Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida sudah terbukti
mencemari lingkungan, terutama jika diaplikasikan secara tidak
terkendali. Manipulasi lingkungan atau rekayasa ekologi berpeluang
menekan perkembangan penyakit tanaman. Hal ini dapat
dilakukan dengan mengelola komponen budi daya secara selektif,
di antaranya pemilihan varietas tahan, penggunaan benih sehat,
pengolahan tanah sempurna, penggunaan bahan organik,
keserempakan tanam pada waktu yang tepat, pemupukan
berimbang dan pengaturan pengairan tanaman. Selain efektif,
teknologi pengendalian penyakit berdasarkan komponen epidemik
ini juga dapat menekan biaya produksi hingga 60% dan mengurangi
tingkat kehilangan hasil padi sampai 30%. Penerapan teknologi
pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan ini memiliki berbagai
kelebihan dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman padi.
Pengembangan teknologi pengendalian penyakit tanaman padi
berbasis ekologi di tingkat petani memerlukan pendampingan di
lapangan atau melalui sekolah lapangan yang komprehensif

Kata kunci: Padi, pengendalian penyakit, ekologi, epidemik
POTENSI HIDROKOLOID SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN PADA PRODUK PANGAN DAN NONPANGAN BERMUTU
Authors: Herawati Heny
Published: November 2018

ABSTRAK

Hidrokoloid merupakan komponen polimer yang berasal dari sayuran, hewan, atau mikroba yang umumnya memiliki kemampuan menyerap dan mengikat air. Terdapat berbagai jenis hidrokoloid potensial yang dapat diekstrak dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan dan nonpangan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk. Ekstraksi hidrokoloid dapat dilakukan secara fisik, kimia, dan biokimiawi. Beberapa jenis hidrokoloid dapat diekstrak dari beberapa bagian komponen tanaman seperti akar, biji, buah, umbi dan cangkang. Hidrokoloid memiliki karakteristik spesifik, bergantung pada struktur rantai dan gugus fungsional yang terdapat di dalamnya. Struktur rantai yang mengandung banyak gugus hidroksil menyebabkan hidrokoloid lebih mudah menyerap air. Hidrokoloid dapat digunakan sebagai komponen dalam menghasilkan produk pangan maupun nonpangan yang berkualitas. Dalam pembuatan produk pangan, hidrokoloid berfungsi sebagai penstabil, pembentuk tekstur, dan meningkatkan daya serap air produk. Hidrokoloid juga memiliki potensi meningkatkan daya lepas komponen aktif dan daya serap produk farmasi.

Kata kunci: hidrokoloid, pangan, nonpangan, mutu produk

 

ABSTRACT

Hydrocolloids are polymer components derived from vegetables, animals, or microbes that generally have the ability to absorb and bind water. There are various types of potential hydrocolloids that can be extracted and used as an added ingredient to improve product quality. The hydrocolloid extraction method can be done physically, chemically and biochemically. Some types of hydrocolloid can be extracted from several component parts of crops such as roots, seeds, fruits, tubers or shell. Hydrocolloids may have specific characteristics depending on its chain structure and functional groups. Hydrocolloid with many hydroxyl groups can absorb water easily. Hydrocolloids can be used as a component in producing the qualified food and non-food products. There are opportunities to develop hydrocolloids in food products as stabilizers, texture formation and water absorbent. Hydrocolloids have the potential to improve the quality power to release active component and absorption of pharmaceutical products.

Keywords: hydrocolloids, food, non-food, products quality
Analysis of the buildup of spatiotemporal correlations and their bounds outside of the light cone
Authors: Abeling Nils O. , Cevolani Lorenzo , Kehrein Stefan
Published: November 2018

In non-relativistic quantum theories the Lieb-Robinson bound defines
an effective light cone with exponentially small tails outside of it. In
this work we use it to derive a bound for the correlation function of
two local disjoint observables at different times if the initial state
has a power-law decay. We show that the exponent of the power-law of the
bound is identical to the initial (equilibrium) decay. We explicitly
verify this result by studying the full dynamics of the susceptibilities
and correlations in the exactly solvable Luttinger model after a sudden
quench from the non-interacting to the interacting model.
Detection of drinking water contamination by an optical real-time bacteria sensor
Authors: Højris B. , Kornholt S. N. , Christensen S. C. B. , Albrechtsen H.-J. , Olesen L. S.
Published: November 2018

In a drinking water distribution system, little is known about the characteristics of a microbiological pollution, how it enters the system, and how it can be detected. The drinking water industry has relied on various pollution indicators, through grab sampling and laboratory analyses, revealing results long after the water has been used. To be able to react more proactively to pollution events, many drinking water distributors supplement grab sampling with proportional sampling and/or real-time sensors. We have tested the ability of a new bacteria monitor to detect four different pollution events: wastewater intrusion, rainwater runoff, resuspension of drinking water sediments, and bird droppings entering the distribution system. The monitor response, in terms of bacteria and abiotic particle concentrations, was compared with traditional laboratory methods. The results illustrate the benefits of using such real-time bacteria sensors for monitoring the dynamics of drinking water microbiology and for early warning of potential pollution events.
Evapotranspiration variations in the Yangtze River Basin from multi-satellite remote sensing data
Authors: Tian Xiaojuan , Jin Shuanggen
Published: November 2018

Evapotranspiration (ET) variations in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are influenced by environmental and climate changes related to planting of crops, forest vegetation, water use and other human activities. However, it is difficult to measure ET variations and analyse influencing factors in the YRB due to lack of in-situ measurements. In the present study, the ET variations were estimated and investigated in the whole, the upper, middle and lower reaches of the YRB using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), optical remote sensing data and hydrological models based on a water balance method, which was validated by MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations and models. Furthermore, GRACE-ET verified the drought events in 2006 and 2011. The long-term variation rate of GRACE-ET is 0.79 mm/yr. The spatial distribution of seasonal ET variations indicates that ET is highest in summer and lowest in autumn-winter. It also shows that the completion of the Three Gorges Project has certainly increased ET. Precipitation and temperature have the largest impact on the ET variations; radiation and soil moisture have moderate effects. ET variations in the middle and lower reaches are greatly affected by precipitation, and temperature plays a more important role in the upper YRB reaches.
Withdrawn: Topographic influence on glacier change in the Gangotri glacier basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Ahmad Sarfaraz , Khan Khatib
Published: November 2018

Journal of Water and Climate Change issues a formal withdrawal in relation to the above article by Sarfaraz Ahmad and Khatib Khan. This decision has been taken as the authors failed to complete the necessary corrections to their paper, and production could not be completed. As a result of this the paper has been withdrawn.
Control of sludge settleability based on organic load and ammonia nitrogen load under low dissolved oxygen
Authors: Han Wei , Peng Zhaoxu , Li Tingmei , Fan Pengyu , Yu Luji
Published: November 2018

Controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) at low level can save energy for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but it is easy to induce filamentous sludge bulking. Through establishing the kinetic equation of sludge settleability, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) load and organic load (food-to-microbe ratio, F/M), the mechanism of the competitive relationship between filamentous and floccular bacteria under low DO was analyzed. The results showed when DO, NH4+-N load and F/M were in the range of 0.15–0.35 mg/L, 0.035–0.15 d−1 and 0.12–0.42 d−1, respectively, the mass transfer limitation of organic matter was the main factor determining the dominant growth of filamentous bacteria. When DO, NH4+-N load and F/M were in the range of 0.35–0.65 mg/L, 0.035–0.065 d−1 and 0.12–0.22 d−1, respectively, the mass transfer limitation of NH4+-N was the main factor determining the dominant growth of filamentous bacteria. When DO was low, no matter how NH4+-N load and F/M changed, the growth of filamentous bacteria was promoted. When DO and F/M were in the range of 0.35–0.65 mg/L and 0.22–0.42 d−1, respectively, no matter how NH4+-N load and F/M changed, the growth of filamentous bacteria was inhibited. Therefore, in actual operation, ensuring relatively low DO and high F/M was beneficial for the sludge settleability improvement.
Диагностика моральных оснований: апробация русскоязычной версии опросника MFQ
Authors: Sychev Oleg A. , Protasova Irina N. , Belousov Konstantin I.
Published: November 2018

Введение. Разработанный на основе теории моральных оснований Дж. Хайдта «Опросник моральных оснований» (MFQ) стал популярным инструментом в зарубежных исследованиях морали. Он включает пять соответствующих моральным основаниям шкал: «забота», «справедливость», «лояльность группе», «уважение» и «чистота». Несмотря на умеренную надежность шкал, методика может оказаться полезной для исследования моральных основ социальных стереотипов и политических убеждений в русскоязычных выборках, а также для разработки отечественных методик диагностики моральной сферы. В данном исследовании впервые представлены психометрические характеристики русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований и приведены новые данные о связи моральных оснований с другими качествами.
Методы. Для проверки валидности предложенной русскоязычной версии опросника моральных оснований использовались «Портретный ценностный опросник» (Ш. Шварц) и «Короткий опросник Темной триады», направленный на измерение макиавеллизма, психопатии и нарциссизма (М. С. Егорова и др.). Для анализа подверженности ответов тенденции к социальной желательности использовался опросник социальной желательности BIDR (адаптация Е. Н. Осина). Социально-демографические характеристики были выявлены с помощью специальной анкеты.
Результаты. По итогам апробации адаптированной версии методики на выборке из 354 человек сделаны выводы об умеренной надежности пяти первичных шкал (0.62–0.68) и хорошей надежности шкал второго уровня (0.79–0.84). Факторная структура русскоязычной версии показывает удовлетворительное соответствие оригиналу. Выявлена умеренная подверженность ответов тенденции к социальной желательности. Анализ валидности показал, что шкалы моральных оснований и шкалы второго уровня («этика автономии» и «этика сообщества») демонстрируют ожидаемые связи с ценностями, негативными чертами личности, религиозностью и полом.
Обсуждение результатов. Особенностью русскоязычной версии является наличие прямых связей между индивидуализирующими и сплачивающими моральными основаниями. Тем не менее, остальные результаты хорошо соответствуют предсказаниям теории моральных оснований и выводам, полученным в зарубежных исследованиях.
Novel Vaccine Candidates against Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Zhihao , Zheng Changping , Terreni Marco , Tanzi Lisa , Sollogoub Matthieu , Zhang Yongmin
Published: November 2018

Ranking above AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death affecting and
killing many individuals every year. Drugs’ efficacy is limited by a series of problems such as Multi-
Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively-Drug Resistance (XDR). Meanwhile, the only licensed vaccine
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) existing for over 90 years is not effective enough. Consequently,
it is essential to develop novel vaccines for TB prevention and immunotherapy. This paper
provides an overall review of the TB prevalence, immune system response against TB and recent
progress of TB vaccine research and development. Several vaccines in clinical trials are described as
well as LAM-based candidates.
Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Par-4 Target for Cancer Treatment: Where Are We Going?
Authors: Santos Renata Virgínia Cavalcanti , de Sena Wanessa Layssa Batista , dos Santos Flaviana Alves , da Silva Filho Antônio Felix , da Rocha Pitta Marina Galdino , da Rocha Pitta Maira Galdino , de Melo Rego Moacyr Barreto , Pereira Michelly Cristiny
Published: November 2018

One of the greatest challenges of cancer therapeutics nowadays is to find selective targets successfully. Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a selective tumor suppressor protein with an interesting therapeutic potential due to its specificity on inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Par-4 activity and levels can be downregulated in several tumors and cancer cell types, indicating poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Efforts to increase Par-4 expression levels have been studied, including its use as a therapeutic protein by transfection with adenoviral vectors or plasmids. However, gene therapy is very complex and still presents many hurdles to be overcome. We decided to review molecules and drugs with the capacity to upregulate Par-4 and, thereby, be an alternative to reach this druggable target. In addition, Par-4 localization and function are reviewed in some cancers, clarifying how it can be used as a therapeutic target.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s Yeast) as an Interfering RNA Expression and Delivery System
Authors: Duman-Scheel Molly
Published: November 2018

The broad application of RNA interference for disease prevention is dependent upon the production of dsRNA in an economically feasible, scalable, and sustainable fashion, as well as the identification of safe and effective methods for RNA delivery. Current research has sparked interest in the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for these applications. This review examines the potential for commercial development of yeast interfering RNA expression and delivery systems. S. cerevisiae is a genetic model organism that lacks a functional RNA interference system, which may make it an ideal system for expression and accumulation of high levels of recombinant interfering RNA. Moreover, recent studies in a variety of eukaryotic species suggest that this microbe may be an excellent and safe system for interfering RNA delivery. Key areas for further research and development include optimization of interfering RNA expression in S. cerevisiae, industrial-sized scaling of recombinant yeast cultures in which interfering RNA molecules are expressed, the development of methods for largescale drying of yeast that preserve interfering RNA integrity, and identification of encapsulating agents that promote yeast stability in various environmental conditions. The genetic tractability of S. cerevisiae and a long history of using this microbe in both the food and pharmaceutical industry will facilitate further development of this promising new technology, which has many potential applications of medical importance.
Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) Intervening Irinotecan’s Disposition: The Potential of XCHT in Alleviating Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Sun Rongjin , Basu Sumit , Zeng Min , Sunsong Robin , Li Li , Ghose Romi , Wang Wei , Liu Zhongqiu , Hu Ming , Gao Song
Published: November 2018

Background: Diarrhea is a severe side effect of irinotecan, a pro-drug of SN-38 used for the treatment of many types of cancers. Pre-clinical and clinical studies showed that decreasing the colonic exposure of SN-38 can mitigate irinotecan-induced diarrhea.  Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-diarrhea potential of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, against irinotecan-induced diarrhea by determining if and how XCHT alters the disposition of SN-38.  Methods: LC-MS/MS was used to quantify the concentrations of irinotecan and its major metabolites (i.e., SN-38, SN-38G). An Intestinal perfusion model was used to determine the effect of XCHT on the biliary and intestinal secretions of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38G. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed to determine the impact of XCHT on the blood and fecal concentrations of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38G.  Results: The results showed that XCHT significantly inhibits both biliary and intestinal excretions of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38G (range: 35% to 95%). PK studies revealed that the fecal concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 were significantly decreased from 818.35 ± 120.2 to 411.74 ± 138.83 µg/g or from 423.95 ± 76.44 to 245.63 ± 56.72 µg/g (p<0.05) by XCHT, respectively, suggesting the colonic exposure of SN-38 is significantly decreased by XCHT. PK studies also showed that the plasma concentrations of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38G were not affected by XCHT.  Conclusion: In conclusion, XCHT significantly decreased the exposure of SN-38 in the gut without affecting its plasma level, thereby possessing the potential of alleviating irinotecan-induced diarrhea without negatively impacting its therapeutic efficacy.
Is Treat-to-target in Lupus Nephritis Realistic in Clinical Practice?
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu
Published: November 2018

The Treat-to-Target (T2T) principle has been advocated in a number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory medical illnesses. Tight control of disease activity has been shown to improve the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis as compared to the conventional approach. However, whether T2T can be applied to patients with lupus nephritis is still under emerging discussion. Treatment of lupus nephritis should target at inducing and maintaining remission of the kidney inflammation so as to preserve renal function and improve survival in the longterm. However, there is no universal agreement on the definition of remission or low disease activity state of nephritis, as well as the time points for switching of therapies. Moreover, despite the availability of objective parameters for monitoring such as proteinuria and urinary sediments, differentiation between ongoing activity and damage in some patients with persistent urinary abnormalities remains difficult without a renal biopsy. A large number of serum and urinary biomarkers have been tested in lupus nephritis but none of them have been validated for routine clinical use. In real life practice, therapeutic options for lupus nephritis are limited. As patients with lupus nephritis are more prone to infective complications, tight disease control with aggressive immunosuppressive therapies may have safety concern. Not until the feasibility, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of T2T in lupus nephritis is confirmed by comparative trials, this approach should not be routinely recommended with the current treatment armamentarium and monitoring regimes.
Biosimilars: An Approach to some Current Worldwide Regulation Frameworks
Authors: Esteban Efraín , Bustos Rosa-Helena , García Julio-César , Jáuregui Edwin
Published: November 2018

Developing new biologics has led to regulations and norms aimed at guaranteeing their safety, quality and effectiveness, in terms of marketing, prescription, use, interchangeability and switching. Biologics are of great importance in treating patients suffering from rheumatic, autoimmune, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. The expiry/lapse of reference biologics or originators’ patents has meant that developing biosimilars involves accompanying legal requirements for their approval in countries worldwide. This paper has thus approached the situation of biosimilar regulation worldwide, the pertinent technical concepts and regulatory differences in some countries of interest.
Sequence-based Structural B-cell Epitope Prediction by Using Two Layer SVM Model and Association Rule Features
Authors: Kuo Jehn-Hwa , Chang Chi-Chang , Chen Chi-Wei , Liang Heng-Hao , Chang Chih-Yen , Chu Yen-Wei
Published: November 2018

Background:

Immune reaction is the most important defense mechanism for destroying
invading pathogens in our body, and the epitope is the position of the antigen–antibody interaction
on pathogenic proteins.

Objective:

The majority of epitopes are structural; however, the existing sequence-based predicting
websites still have several methods to improve the predicting performance. Therefore, in this
study, we used SVM as a machine learning tool to predict the epitope-based on protein sequences.

Methods:

Firstly, we built five SVM models in the first layer according to five features, including
binary composition, position-specific scoring matrix, secondary structure, accessible surface area,
and association rule, and then chose the patterns that exhibited the best performance in each
model. Secondly, using the confidence score of the first-layer models as the input value for the
SVM model in the second layer, that SVM model was integrated into the first-layer SVM models
for improving the predicting accuracy.

Results:

The final prediction model was able to achieve up to 63% accuracy in predicting epitope
results, and the predicting performance was better than that achieved by the existing predicting
websites.

Conclusion:

Finally, a case study using a two-subunit cytochrome c oxidase of Paracoccus
denitrificans was tested, achieving an accuracy of up to 66%.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Juniperus Procera Extract in Rats Exposed to Streptozotocin Toxicity
Authors: Alkhedaide Adel Qlayel
Published: November 2018

Background: Chronic inflammation is a critical health issue and implicated in several chronic health problems such as tumors, auto-immune disorder, hypertension or diabetes. However, Juniperus procera is one of the famous ancient plants that has been traditionally used to treat several diseases such as hyperglycemia, hepatitis, jaundice, bronchitis, and pneumonia.  Objective: Current study is an attempt to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Juniperus procera extract on rats exposed to cytotoxicity caused experimentally by streptozotocin injections.  Methods: Five groups of adult Wistar rats (10 rats each) were examined as (Normal control, Normal rats treated with Juniperus procera extract, rats administrated with streptozotocin, rats administrated with streptozotocin and treated with insulin and, rats administrated with streptozotocin and Juniperus procera extract). At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from experimented rats. Animals then were killed and small parts of both pancreas and liver were collected for gene expression and histopathological examination.  Results: Serum analysis showed a significant increase in glucose, IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α levels in rats exposed to streptozotocin. That change was reduced in rats cotreated with insulin or Juniperus procera extract. Moreover, streptozotocin showed a significant upregulation of IL-6, TNF-α and A2M genes, while, either insulin or Juniperus procera treatment was restored to normal status. Streptozotocin induced inflammation within hepatic tissues which clearly reduced in hepatic tissues of both insulin and junipers cotreated groups.  Conclusion: Streptozotocin toxicity induces acute inflammation and increases serum glucose, IL-6, IL-2 and TNF-α levels. However, Juniperus procera extract was found to significantly prevent that reaction within four weeks experimented frame time.
The Prevalence of Bacteriospermia in Infertile Men and Association with Semen Quality in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Motamedifar Mohammad , Malekzadegan Yalda , Namdari Parisa , Dehghani Behzad , Jahromi Bahia Namavar , Sarvari Jamal
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Infertility considered as a social and public health issue and estimated
that most of these infertile couples are residents of developing countries. Infectious diseases including
the history of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) may impact on male reproductive
function. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contaminants
of semen and probable association with sperm quality of infertile men in Iranian population.

Methods:

The study population consisted of 200 infertile men and 150 fertile men attending an
infertility Center in southwestern Iran during the study period in 2015. The assessment of sperm parameters
was according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The presumptive
pathogens were identified using standard microbiology tests and confirmed by specific PCR primers.

Results:

The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group was significantly
higher than that in the fertile group (48% vs. 26.7%, P <0.001). The microbiological analysis of
samples showed that the most abundant species of bacteria in semen of infertile men were
Chlamydia trachomatis (12.5%) followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (11%). On the other hand, in
the control group, Lactobacillus spp. (17.3%) was the most isolated pathogen. Results showed that
the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Haemophilus, and
Klebsiella was significantly associated with sperm abnormality.

Conclusion:

Based on our findings, it seems that bacteriospermia is associated with alterations in
the properties of semen which may lead to a decrease in the fertilization potential of sperm. Therefore,
immediate and appropriate treatment is necessary before investigating every other possible
cause of infertility.
Evaluation of Salivary Lipid Peroxidation End Product Level in Dental Caries
Authors: Ahmadi-Motamayel Fatemeh , Hendi Seyede Sareh , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi
Published: November 2018

Background:

Tissue destruction can be measured by the level of lipid peroxidation (LP) end products. Since free radicals are very reactive with low survival time, the level of free radicals and oxidative stress activity are measured indirectly by tissue damage end product assessment, i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) that is a final end product of LP.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary MDA level as an indicator of oxidative stress; in caries-active and caries-free students.

Methods:

total of 100 male and female students, 15-17 years of age, participated in this casecontrol study. Five mL of whole saliva was obtained. Salivary MDA level was measured spectrophotometrically. Statistical comparisons were performed with Student’s t-test, using SPSS 13.

Results:

Salivary MDA level was significantly higher in the caries-active group compared to the control caries-free group. MDA was also slightly lower in males.

Conclusion:

Higher MDA level might indicate caries-induced oxidative stress. In this study there was a relationship between salivary MDA level and dental caries. Therefore oxidative stress suppression might prevent caries initiation and progression.
Repurposing of Existing Drugs for the Bacterial Infections: An In silico and In vitro Study
Authors: Kapoor Yachika , Sharma Ruchika , Kumar Anoop
Published: November 2018

Background:

The emergence of infectious diseases and its resistance to approved drugs
is a global threat to human health. The incidence of infectious diseases is increasing day by day
and expected to rise exponentially in next 2 decades. Thus, there is a need for new treatment
modalities for the treatment of microbial infections.

Methods:

Thus, in the current investigation, we have explored the existing drugs [metformin
(Anti-diabetic), propranolol (Anti-hypertensive) and amitriptyline (antidepressant)] for treatment
of infectious diseases.

Results:

An in-silico result of current investigation has shown the good interaction of metformin,
propranolol, and amitriptyline towards various targets (Beta-lactamase, Penicillin-binding
proteins, Staphylokinase protein, Oxidoreductase protein, etc.) of gram positive and gram negative
bacteria as that of internal ligand. Further, in-vitro results have shown that the antibacterial
activity of metformin, propranolol, and amitriptyline against Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:

The parameters such as Microtiter assay: percentage growth retardation and bacterial
growth kinetics, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Post-antibiotic assay and Biofilm
formation have indicated the antibacterial potential of metformin, propranolol, and amitriptyline.
However, before starting a clinical trial, complete safety and efficacy profile of drugs in the
treatment of infectious diseases should be investigated.
Does the Development of Vaccines Advance Solutions for Tuberculosis?
Authors: AlMatar Manaf , Makky Essam A. , AlMandeal Husam , Eker Emel , Kayar Begüm , Var Işıl , Köksal Fatih
Published: November 2018

Background:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered as one of the most efficacious human pathogens. The global mortality rate of TB stands at approximately 2 million, while about 8 to 10 million active new cases are documented yearly. It is, therefore, a priority to develop vaccines that will prevent active TB. The vaccines currently used for the management of TB can only proffer a certain level of protection against meningitis, TB, and other forms of disseminated TB in children; however, their effectiveness against pulmonary TB varies and cannot provide life-long protective immunity. Based on these reasons, more efforts are channeled towards the development of new TB vaccines. During the development of TB vaccines, a major challenge has always been the lack of diversity in both the antigens contained in TB vaccines and the immune responses of the TB sufferers. Current efforts are channeled on widening both the range of antigens selection and the range of immune response elicited by the vaccines. The past two decades witnessed a significant progress in the development of TB vaccines; some of the discovered TB vaccines have recently even completed the third phase (phase III) of a clinical trial.

Objective:

The objectives of this article are to discuss the recent progress in the development of new vaccines against TB; to provide an insight on the mechanism of vaccine-mediated specific immune response stimulation, and to debate on the interaction between vaccines and global interventions to end TB.