bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Water Balance and Length of Growing Period under Gumla District of Jharkhand for Efficient Crop Planning
Authors: Ekka Abhijeet Pankaj , Kumari Pragyan , Kumar Sanjay , Wadood A.
Published: April 2020

Present study was conducted for Gumla district of Jharkhand at block level which experiences a humid sub-tropical climate with an average rainfall of 1100 mm annually. In spite of receiving 85% of rainfall during the monsoon season the agricultural production and productivity in the district is quite low due to improper utilization of available moisture during the cropping season. Based on the weekly, annual rainfall and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) data of 17 years (2000-2016), the length of the growing period (LGP) and water balance was worked out for the district and suitable crop plans were suggested. The length of the growing period was observed to be 21 weeks for most of the blocks of Gumla district under Uplandand an average of 25 weeks under upper medium land situation (Don III).Under lower medium land situation (Don II), length of growing period was of 28-29 weeks for all blocks except Basia, Kamdara and Sisai and low land situation (Don I), possessed 29 weeks of LGP at all blocks whereas it was one week more for Raidih and a week less for Basia and Kamdara.In Basia and Kamdara the water surplus is almost negligible under Upland and Don III land situation and very little water can be harvested from Don II and Don I. Maximum surplus water was observed in Raidih followed by Palkot and can be harvested more water from all land situations. Only short duration varieties of different crop and low water requiring crops like maize and pigeon pea are suitable for Basia as well as Kamdara blocks.
Breeding for Yield, Quality and Associated Traits in the Zimbabwean Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.): A Review
Authors: Shava Justify Gotami , Kageler Susan Richardson , Dari Shorai , Magama Frank , Rukuni Dzingai
Published: April 2020

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has grown to become a major cash crop and foreign currency earner in Zimbabwe. The crop’s popularity in the country is dependent on the climatic and soil conditions that promote the production of flavour style cures which are well sought after by the majority of tobacco merchants and cigarette manufacturers across the world. The success story of tobacco farming in Zimbabwe is mainly attributed to the presence of an organised research system in the form of the Tobacco Research Board (TRB) that includes a dedicated division in the research unit specialising in variety development and promotion. Improvement in yield and quality of the cured leaf has are the main objectives of flue –cured tobacco breeders. Since the beginning of research in flue cured tobacco production in Zimbabwe, a lot of effort has been dedicated to improving these and other associated traits. This review paper traces the process of breeding for improvement in yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco in Zimbabwe. It shows the methods employed and identifies some of the potential sources of genes for use in improvement in flue-cured tobacco yield and quality in present and future breeding work.
Horticultural Agroforestry Systems Recommended for Climate Change Adaptation: A Review
Authors: Colmenares O. Montes , Brindis R. Castro , Verduzco C. Villanueva , Grajales M. Pérez , Gómez M. Uribe
Published: April 2020

High input costs, environmental degradation and climate change have generated new challenges in the agriculture, horticulture and forestry sector. The objective of this paper is to identify the main horticultural agroforestry systems useful for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Agri-horticulture, Horti-olericulture, Silvi-olericulture, Horti-pasture, Horti/Silvo-medicinal, Horti/Silvo-ornamental, Horti-silviculture, Horti-entomoforestry and Horti-Pisciculture are horticultural agroforestry systems recommended. Agroforestry systems in comparison with monoculture systems, have better use of water, soil and light, can help reduce the application of herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, fertilizers, increasing food security, biodiversity protection and climatic change adaptation. We recommended national politics, subsidies, technical support and credits for global farmers.
Stemphylium Blight of Onion: A Review
Authors: Hassan Mudasir , Yousuf Vaseem , Shah T. A. , Bhat N. A. , Bhat Z. A. , Majeed Misba , Latief Rabia
Published: April 2020

Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the most important crop grown throughout the world. Onion suffers from many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and abiotic factors. Among them fungal diseases stemphylium blight is the most serious and devastating disease of onion limiting the quality and quantity of both bulb and seed. The present review is mainly focused on variability associated with Stemphylium vesicarium and its integrated management. Variability studies are important to document the changes occurring in the population and individuals with variability in morphological, cultural and pathogenic characteristics so as to breed the varieties with durable resistance to the stemphylium blight of onion andidentification of source of resistance against the range of virulence present in the pathogen population. Further, management of stemphylium blight of onion through fungicide application is feasible, however, long term usage of fungicides has led to the resistance development in pathogens besides hazardous environmental consequences associated with their use. The most efficient and economical method to mitigate the menace of this disease is therefore, integrated disease management (IDM) approach where other non-chemical ecofriendly management strategies are integrated with chemical methods in order to manage the diseases more efficiently with reduced use of chemicals. Among non-chemical ecofriendly management strategies biological control is gaining interest as an alternative or complement to chemical treatment of the disease. The present review paper deals with distribution, symptomatology, pathogenicity, variability and integrated management.
Nutrient Management Technologies and the Role of Organic Matrix-Based Slow-Release Biofertilizers for Agricultural Sustainability: A Review
Authors: Chaudhary Indra Jeet , Neeraj Ajay , Siddiqui Mohd Arshad , Singh Vivek
Published: April 2020

Natural soil containing nutrients (like nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and potassium) allows plants to grow. The deficiency of nutrients in soil reduced the growth and development of plants. When the nutrient level is too low, the plant cannot function properly and then fertilizers provide sufficient nutrients to plants. Nowadays the farmer applied various kinds of synthetic and organic and some special class of microbial fertilizers for more production of agricultural crops. Excess use of chemical fertilizers caused nutrient leaching problems and also pollutes soil, water and air environment. However, chemical fertilizers are expensive, non-eco-friendly, cause eutrophication, reduce organic matter and microbial activity in the soil and are hazardous to health. Therefore, Slow-release biofertilizers are also produced by the technical intermediations that breakdown the nutrients and make them available to the plants for a longer duration. These fertilizers play an important role in improving the growth and development of plants, thereby mitigating environmental pollution and helping in sustainable agriculture. The efficacy of slow-release biofertilizers can be enhanced plant growth and productivity and manage the nutrient leaching from soil and also control water pollution.
Nutrient Management in Organic Baby Corn Production: A Review
Authors: Naveen Jami , Saikia M.
Published: April 2020

The concept of organic agriculture is receiving increased attention and organic food markets are also expanding quite fast in many parts of the world including India. Development of production technology particularly appropriate nutrient management strategy for organic baby corn is necessary for realizing higher yield and economic returns as well as soil health aspect. Most of the organic manures are low in nutrient contents, which are not sufficient to meet the nutritional requirement of the crops with smaller quantities, especially when inorganic fertilizers are not applied. Under such circumstances, enrichment of organic manures and composts with permitted additives like rock phosphate and beneficial microbial cultures is a feasible option for nutrient supplementation in organic food production. Microbial enrichment technique with bio-inoculants to composting material had been shown to improve the quality of compost. The enrichment of the organic manures with beneficial microbial cultures will further contribute to the enhancement of N and P contents through nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization. Hence, the enriched organic manures and their combination provide an ideal nutrition strategy for the crop. There is the possibility of increasing the nitrogen content of compost by inoculation with nitrogen-fixing organisms and the phosphorus content by the inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Improved manures will play a major role in organic farming since the method of production is simple and easy.
Development of Long Shelflife Probiotic Lassi
Authors: Krishna Manuka , Venkateshaia B V , Prabha R
Published: April 2020

Lassi was prepared by inoculating different combinations of starter cultures like LS1 - Lactobacillus delbrukii ssp bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCDC15; LS2 - L. delbrukii ssp bulgaricus, S.thermophilus, L.acidophilus NCDC232 and LS3 - S.thermophilus, B.bifidum NCDC15, L.acidophilus NCDC232 at 3% (1:1:1) into heat treated milk. Lassi was standardized to 10% total milk solids and 10% sugar by using probiotic dahi and sugar syrup. Lassi prepared from LS3 - S.thermophilus, B.bifidum NCDC15, L.acidophilus NCDC232 secured highest sensory score than the other combinations and the shelflife of lassi was increased by 6 days compared to control lassi prepared from L.bulgaricus and S.thermophilus. The increased shelflife may be due to exclusion of L.bulgaricus from fermentation process thus decreased post acidification during refrigerated storage increasing viability of probiotic cultures.
Development of Chicken Sausage using Combination of Wheat Bran with Dried Apple Pomace or Dried Carrot Pomace
Authors: Yadav S. , Pathera A. K. , Islam R. U. , Malik A. K. , Sharma D. P. , Singh P. K.
Published: April 2020

Present study was conducted to develop chicken sausage by incorporating wheat bran (WB) in combination with dried apple pomace (DAP) or dried carrot pomace (DCP). Treatments consisted of addition of 2% WB+ 2% DAP/ 2% DCP, 2% WB+ 4% DAP/4% DCP, 2% WB+ 6% DAP/6% DCP, 2% WB+ 8% DAP/8% DCP respectively by replacing lean meat. Casings filled with raw emulsion were cooked in a closed container for 30 minutes to prepare chicken sausages. Cooked sausages were subjected to sensory, texture profile and instrumental colour analysis. A gradual decrease in sensory scores was observed with increase in fibre level. Hardness and shear press value increased while springiness and cohesiveness decreased with increase in fibre level. A steady increase in gumminess and chewiness of WB + DCP added sausage was also noticed with increase in fibre level. Increase in DAP level in WB + DAP treated sausage produced darker sausage with higher redness scores while DCP increase resulted in lower redness and higher yellowness scores of WB + DCP sausage. It is concluded that chicken sausage with very good sensory acceptability can be prepared using a combination of wheat bran (2%) with dried apple pomace (4%) or dried carrot pomace (4%) each.
Impact of improved technology on chickpea production through cluster front line demonstration on farmers field
Authors: Jat B. L. , Jat A. S. , Choudhary H. R. , . Nidhi , Sharma Bhawana
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted on farmers field in Nagaur district during 2018 to 2019 to know the impact of improved technologies on chickpea production through Cluster Front Line Demonstration. The demonstrated technologies increase the chickpea seed production 14.24 and 19.31 q/ha during 2018 and 2019 with the per cent increase in of 16.2 and 26.7 respectively. The net return in demonstration technology was 38474 during 2018 and the same 58829 was in 2019. The ultimate cost benefit ratio was also higher 2.6 and 3.11 in demonstration technology during both the years as compared to local check 2.2 and 2.61 respectively.
Digital marketing scenario in India
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Sain Veer , Singh D. P.
Published: April 2020

Digital marketing encompasses all marketing efforts that use an electronic device or the internet. The use of electronic media by the marketers to promote their products or services into the market. The main aim of digital marketing is to attract consumers with various brands through use of technology on internet. Digital marketing is often referred to as ‘online marketing’, ‘internet marketing’ or ‘web marketing’. The term digital marketing has grown in popularity over time, particularly in certain countries. Digital Marketing has become more famous after involvement of latest technologies in businesses. It has completely changed the old marketing methods and compelled marketers to stay connected with their buyers or customers via internet for selling their products and services. There has been an immense growth in the digital marketing India. It is spread across all the business sectors starting from shopping, online transaction, bank payments, e-commerce, online tracking etc. The means of communication has become very easy and fast. In a country like India, the economy is huge and increasing rapidly. The usage of the digital platform is also increasing similarly. In the year 1996, the business to business marketing was established in India. The spending for digital marketing in the year 2013 was $0.57 Billion. This figure is expected to increase up to $2.17 Billion in the year 2019.
The paper starts with reviewing historical background to utilization of online marketing; different kinds of internet marketing, then, will be shed light upon the digital marketing importance, scopes in future, opportunities and challenges, such as problems of security, privacy, etc, emerged in the field of marketing from implementation of virtual space produces.
Coccidiosis Diseases, Symptoms and Prevention in Chickens
Authors: Ram Heera , Garg Rajat , Banerjee P. S.
Published: April 2020

Coccidiosis is a dangerous disease in chickens. Moultry rate in chickens affected by this disease is around 50-80 per cent and 100 per cent if not treated properly. That is, for chickens, coccidiosis is an important disease from the economic point of view, which has almost the same effect in the whole world. The importance of Coccidiosis disease can also be gauged from this,That upon the arrival of this disease in the poultry farm, the avalanche aviaries become empty. That is, it is difficult to save the chickens from death and the hens have to face heavy financial losses. The disease is caused by various species of micro-parasites (protozoa) in chickens called Aimeria. Chickens raised by putting husk or laying on the ground are more affected by this disease. Apathy towards eating in chickens suffering from this disease, lack of body water,Symptoms of bloody diarrhea, thin diarrhea in some people, being dull in one place, weakness and becoming very sensitive to other diseases are seen (Figure 1). In this disease, the hens of the chickens suffer the most, due to which all other symptoms of the disease are seen. Therefore, this disease can be divided into two parts depending on the affected parts of the intestine, which are called Kachidiosis of large and small intestine respectively.
Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in technical transfer - A study
Authors: Chauhan Sandeep , Katwa Suresh Chand , Kumar Upesh
Published: April 2020

Krishi Vigyan Kendra is a district level institution work as a centre of knowledge for farming community. In the year 2014-15, Krishi Vigyan Kendra adopted three villages in District-Sehore (M.P.) and imparted activities like on Farm Trials; Front Line Demonstrations; Training to Farm Women and rural youth along with income generation activities; training to extension personal and other extension activities for extension of latest technologies. Krishi Vigyan Kendra is also developing and need based literature on latest technologies in local language and same are distributed to farming community for impact study, Krishi Vigyan Kendra were selected 25 farmers on random bases in each adopted village (village- Gloukhedi in block Ichhawar; village Bichhiya inb block –Bafapur in block_asta and collect the feedback about adoption of technologies.
Study of interaction Effect of different colour poly wrappers and PBZ concentration on rooting and growth of Guava air layers.
Authors: Rathore Niharika , Lekhi R. , Kashyap Arjun , Gurjar P. K.S.
Published: April 2020

An experiment was conducted during 2017-18 at the Research orchard of Horticulture, college of Agriculture Gwalior to Study of interaction Effect of different colour poly wrappers and PBZ concentration on rooting and growth of Guava air layers. Total 12 treatment were tested under experiment. Result related that maximum length of primary root, length of secondary root, diameters of primary root, diameters of secondary root, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, rooting %, number of leaves, number of new sprout, length of air layers, and survival percentage of air layers of guava was observed under Red poly wrapper with 500ppm PBZ. Which was significantly higher then other treatment combination follow by Blue poly wrapper with 500ppm PBZ and result of black poly wrappers and the lowest result found in white wrapper with co (No harmon) PBZ.
Evaluation of Azoxystrobin 11% +Tebuconazole 18.3% SC against cumin blight on farmers field
Authors: Jat B. L. , Jat A. S.
Published: April 2020

An on-farm trial on foliar application of broad spectrum fungicide Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC for control of blight in cumin was conducted on farmers field in Nagaur district during 2018-19. Cumin growing farmers were using spurious/ ineffective fungicides as well as heavy dose of pesticides. Un-necessary/un-relevant uses of fungicides were also noted among farming community. Under demonstrated practices farmer were advised to alternate spray of the given fungicides on appropriate time. Under demonstrated practices, farmers got maximum net return 102717 Rs./ha on spray of Azoxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 1 ltr/ha followed by 87710 Rs./ ha net return on spray of Carbendazim + Mencozeb @ 1 kg /ha with minimum of Rs. 74950 /ha. net return from farmer’s practice.
A Note on Linear Trend Free Designs in Two Plots Per Block
Authors: Gupta Rahul Kumar , Bhowmik Arpan , Jaggi Seema , Harun Mohd. , Varghese Cini , Datta Anindita , Kumar Devendra
Published: April 2020

In this article, we have discussed some aspects of block designs under systematic trend component. The necessary and sufficient condition for a block design to be trend free has been highlighted. A method of constructing linear trend free block designs in two plots per block have been discussed. The characterization properties of such designs have been investigated.
Impact Assessment of Houseplants on Atmospheric Relative Humidity in the Residential Buildings of Udaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Asnani Bhawana
Published: April 2020

Flora is the nature’s most precious gift to man. In ancient times, regard and love for flora was so great that this kindred relationship was extended even to houseplants. In this study, relative humidity level in the selected rooms, i.e., drawing rooms and dining rooms of the 10 west facing residential buildings along with the National Highway- 8 in polluted zone, of Udaipur Rajasthan was analyzed. Four varieties of foliage and succulent plants were kept in one, two or four suitable corners with four different habits, viz., Opened and Closed windows and fan in ON and OFF mode. To find out the existing relative humidity level, all the experiments were done without any houseplants on day 1 in selected rooms. The houseplants were kept on day 2 to judge the impact of houseplants on humidity level and again houseplants were removed on day 3 to know the retention of impact of houseplants. As a result, it was found that foliage plants were more effective than succulents in maintaining the level of relative humidity of the atmosphere.
National Food Security Mission in India and Haryana
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Sain Veer , Malik D. P.
Published: April 2020

National Food Security Mission was launched in 2007-08 to increase the production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2 million tonnes, respectively by the end of XI Plan through area expansion and productivity enhancement; restoring soil fertility and productivity; creating employment opportunities; and enhancing farm level economy. The Mission was continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new target of additional production of 25 million tonnes of food grains comprising of 10 million tonnes of rice, 8 million tonnes of wheat, 4 million tonnes of pulses and 3 million tonnes of coarse cereals by the end of XII Plan. Beyond 12th Plan, the mission is being continued with new additional target of 13 million tonnes of foodgrains comprising 5 million tonnes of rice, 3 million tonnes of wheat, 3 million tonnes of pulses and 2 million tonnes of nutri-cumcoarse cereals from 2017-18 to 2019-20. As per the target, NFSM has achieved the bumper production of rice, wheat, pulses and nutricum-coarse cereals, during 2017-18 (As per 3rd advance estimates), the production of rice, wheat, pulses and coarse cereals have been achieved at the level of 111.52 million tonnes, 98.61 million tonnes, 24.51 million tonnes and 44.87 million tonnes respectively. The total foodgrains production achieved during 2017-18 is 279.51 million tonnes (1.6%) increase against last year. New initiatives were taken for increasing production and productivity of Pulses from 2016-17 onwards and for Nutri-Cereals from 2018-19 onwards. The progress of NFSM in Haryana was `135.81 out of 525.68 lakh, ` 158.34 out of 569.14 lakh and ` 652.44 out of 1334.45 lakh for pulses, coarse cereals and commercial crops respectively in 2017-18.
Training of Self Help Group women on food safety through Value Addition of lemon waste: Peel
Authors: Kaur Rupender , Rathore Bhagwat Singh , Gadhwal Prem Chand , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Rai P. K.
Published: April 2020

Waste can contain many reusable substances of high value depending on the adequate technology by this residual matter can be converted into commercial products. The lemons are extremely effective to treat the disease, which are caused by a vitamin C deficiency. The health benefits of lemons and lemon juice are well known but the lemon peels contain about 2.5 times more vitamins than lemon juice. It is also an excellent source of fiber, potassium, magnesium, calcium, folate, and beta carotene. The purpose of this paper is to describe the latest advances on the potential of lemon peel as a source of functional food products. For that
purpose two trainings were organized by KVK on food safety and preparation of value added products among SHG beneficiary with practical interventions on lemon products making (Lemon Squash, lemon peel pickle and candy). These trainings were conducted in four parts, Part: 1.Knowledge on use of lemon: Health promotion by use of lemon, Part: 2. Uses of Lemon juice for the production of products: Squash and sharbat, Part: 3. Value addition of Lemon waste: Peal as a food products making: Pickle candy, Part: 4. Knowledge on preparation of oil less pickles at low cost. This knowledge is very useful for food safety as well as to establish SHG enterprise.
Effect of Mineral Mixture and concentrate feed on onset of Puberty in cross bred cow heifers
Authors: Verma A. K. , Sharma S. K. , Ola B. L. , Kaur Rupender , Sharma Pankaj , Rai P. K.
Published: April 2020

Poor reproductive performance is serious limitation in exploiting the potential of cows in India. Cows are generally fed poor quality forages and imbalance mineral and concentrate mixture resulting in late maturity thereby causing economical losses to the farmers. Keeping in view present study was planned to observe the effect of mineral mixture and concentrate feed on onset of puberty of cross bred cow heifers. Eighteen cross bred cow heifers (10±1 months old) were divided into three groups (6 heifers in each) A, B and C. Group A animals were reared traditionally as farmers practice, the animals were not given the mineral mixture, Urea molasses brick and balance ration. They were reared on dry fodder, seasonal green fodder and 0.5 kg concentrate (wheat/barley) per day, no deworming and served as control. Group B animals were first dewormed with anthelmintic drug, 3g bolus of Albendazole and daily offered 30 grams of mineral mixture and 1.5 kg concentrate mixture. The composition of concentrate mixture is on the basis of recommendation of National Research Council (NRC). Group C animals were also dewormed and fed with 30 grams of Urea Molasses brick and 1.5 kg Guaras concentrate feed per day. Data regarding onset of puberty was taken by observing estrous symptoms and further confirmed through rectal palpation. Asignificant effect of the mineral mixture and concentrate supplementation was noted on age at puberty. Heifers in group “A” reached to thepuberty at 22 ±0.76 months and animals in group “B” attained the same stage at 18±0.23 months while animals in group C attained the same stage at 19±0.66 months. Type of feedingstrategy of group B showed significant effect (P 0.01) on age at puberty over feeding strategy of group A and C. It appears from the results of this study that farmers could save tremendous time andresources by feeding mineral mixture and balance concentrate to young growing stock for better animal production.
Comparative study of fodder halophytes in saline and alkaline soils
Authors: Kumar Sourabh , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Praveen , Mann Anita , . Pooja , Kumar Rakesh
Published: April 2020

A research was conducted in 2014-15 to know the usefulness of halophytes on saline and sodic stress with 3 halophytes and 6 treatments i.e Control (pH-7.0 and ECe-0.56), Sodic (pH-9.5 and 10.0) and Saline (ECe- 15, 25 and 35 dSm-1) which was done in Factorial randomized block design in small micro-plots in research area at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. We found that pHs of soils were less and ECe of soils were more affected by growing halophytes in this experiment. Dicanthium had more number of tillers and Suaeda had more number of branches under sodic stress. In case of Urochondra Setulosa, number of tillers had increased up to pH-9.5 thereafter it decreased. Likewise, all other plant nutrients concentration in the soil was found to be reduced which showed that halophytes utilized these nutrients for their growth under the stress conditions. the results showed that Dicanthuim annulatum can be grown as a fodder crop under low to high sodic stress conditions whereas Suaeda nudiflora and Urochondra setulosa can be grown easily under saline soils/ irrigated condtions and in areas with sea water.
Usage of Waste Plastics in Road Pavements
Authors: İnkaya Nimet , Saltan Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Storage of various products obtained from wastes or leaving these to the nature lead to many difficulties and huge problems such as environmental pollution. Today, some studies are carried out on the recycling of wastes and by-products gained during the manufactory of various products. Wastes can be used to obtain new products or as an additional substance on the existing products. Both recycle of wastes and by-products prevents damage to the environment and reduces the occurrence of related problems to a minimum level by mitigating the usage of very scarcely found natural substances. Thus, it is important that industrial wastes be gained to state economy through being recycled for various uses. In recent years, studies on removal of wastes by recycling on highway layers have been extended. The aim of this study is to introduce the technical advantages of plastic materials known only as a simple waste material and to convert the environmental, economic and technical disadvantages of these materials as waste as an asphalt coating material. In the study, the samples were prepared by mixing bitumen with bituminous waste plastic heat treatment method and prepared samples were subjected to Marshall Strength and Indirect Tensile Strength tests and the results were interpreted.
Kütahya İli Üretici Depolarından Alınan Buğday Örneklerinde Bulunan Zararlı Böcek Türleri ve Doğal Düşmanları
Authors: Zengin Erdal , Karaca İsmail
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışma 2017 yılında Kütahya ili üretici depolarında bulunan buğdaylardaki zararlı ve yararlı böcek türleri ve bu türlerin yoğunluklarının tespiti ile depolarda sebep oldukları zarar oranlarının belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. 24 farklı köyden alınan toplam 41 örneğin incelenmesi sonucunda, Sitophilus granarius (L.), Oryzaphilus surinamensis (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.), Tenebrio molitor (L.), Anthrenus scrophulariae var. albidus (Reitter), Dienerella sp. (Reitter), Stegobium paniceum (L.), Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) ve Ephestia cautella (Walker) olmak üzere toplam 10 böcek türü zararlı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) ve Bracon hebetor (Say) türleri doğal düşman olarak bulunmuştur. Zararlı türlerden S. granarius ve O. surinamensis sırasıyla örneklerdeki yoğunluk (%52.6-%40.2) ve bulaşıklık (%56.1-%46.3) bakımından en fazla karşılaşılan türler olmuştur. Örneklerde zarar görmüş tane ortalaması en yüksek %10 olarak tespit edilmiş olup, il ortalaması %1.39 bulunmuştur. Tespit edilen 13 farklı böcek türünden, Anthrenus scrophulariae var. albidus’un Türkiye’de ilk kez buğday depolarındaki varlığı bu çalışmayla ortaya konulmuştur.
Sericin-Montmorillonite Composite Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System in Human Liver Cancer: Development, Drug Release, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Akbal Öznur
Published: April 2020

Composite nanoparticles obtained increasing interest because of their scientific and curative importance. Herein, sericin-montmorillonite composite nanoparticles (Ser-Mt NPs) were synthesized by taking advantage of the biodegradability and functional surface diversity of sericin, and biocompatibility and high adsorption properties of montmorillonite as natural resources. The composite nanoparticle was obtained by the desolvation technique and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde for the first time. Doxorubicin was selected to be used as a model anticancer drug to perform the loading and release studies. After chemical and morphological characterization studies with various methods such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy, the cytotoxic effect of Ser-Mt composite NPs were quanlitatively and quantitatively evaluated on HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line) cells. The results obviously exhibited that high drug loading capacity, sustainable drug release property and its effect on cancer cells made Ser-Mt composite NPs as a good candidate as a drug delivery system on cancer therapy with monodisperse, small average size and good polydispersity index.
The Improvement Photoresponsivity of ZnO Based Photodiode with Indium Doping
Authors: Rüzgar Şerif
Published: April 2020

The heterojunction photodiodes with undoped ZnO and Indium (In) doping ZnO thin films have been grown on p type silicon wafer by solution based spin coating method. The crystal structure analyzes of the films show that they have amorphous nature. The electrical characterizations of diodes have been performed by classical I-V and C-G-V technique. The minimum ideality factor of 3.97 and minimum series resistance of 7.2 kΩ have been recorded from 5% In doping ZnO/p-Si diode. The phototransient measurements show that photodiodes react fast to visible light and have a good reproducibility switching cycle. Similarly, the highest photosensitivity of 3.15×103 and responsivity of 2.02 A/W have been obtained from 5% In doping ZnO/p-Si photodiode. This study indicates that the doping of In improves the electrical and optoelectrical performance of ZnO based photodiodes.
Çanakkale Şehitler Abidesi Şevi Dikey Bahçe Tasarım Önerisi
Authors: Alkan Yavuz
Published: April 2020

Günümüzde kentler ivmesi artan biçimde plansız bir gelişmeye maruz kalmaktadır. Bu da doğayı kendinden uzaklaştırmaktadır. Bu açığın kapatılmasına yönelik yeterli sayı ve miktarda açık ve yeşil alan planlamalarının yapıldığını söylemek güçtür. Bu süreçte farklı uygulamaların kent tekstüründe yer aldıklarını görmekteyiz. Çatı ve teras bahçeleri, dikey orman uygulamaları bunların başında gelmektedir. Dikey bahçe uygulamaları kullanım amacına göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Mimari yapıların yoğun olduğu, açık ve yeşil alanların ise nispeten çok az olduğu kent dokularında özellikle havadaki karbondioksit, karbonmonoksit gibi gazların miktarını en aza indirgemek, daha ılımlı ve estetik görünüm sağlamak, toprak kayması ve aşınmasının önüne geçmek gibi amaçlar için dikey bahçeler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma Çanakkale Şehitler Abidesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alanın denizle birleştiği sınıra kadar olan mesafesi oldukça dik bir yamaç özelliğindedir. Bu yamaçta yer alan toprak yapısalının zaman içinde iklimsel faktörler ve doğa olaylarının etkisiyle erozyona maruz kalması kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmada mevcut yamaç/şev alanın istinat duvarlarıyla teraslanması; teraslarda dikey ve yatay bitkilendirme çalışmaları ile şev stabilizasyonuna gidilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylelikle alana estetik ve fonksiyonel kazanımlar sağlanması ön görülmektedir. Ayrıca Çanakkale Tarihi’nin anlam ve duygusunu ifade edebilen şekil ve sembollere yer verilerek şev alanın görünümüne anlamlı bir kimlik kazandırılması düşünülmektedir.
Investigation of Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Activities of Some Hydrazone Derived Compounds
Authors: Evranos Aksöz Begüm , Kaynak Onurdağ Fatma Kaynak , Aksöz Erkan , Özgen Selda
Published: April 2020

A series of hydrazone derivatives were synthesized to investigate antifungal, antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. These activities were investigated against Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate (resistant to gentamicin), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus isolate (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis isolate (VRE), Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the synthesized compounds B23 had the best activity against Candida albicans with 16 µg/mL MIC value and B24 had the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolate (MRSA) with 16 µg/mL MIC value. The most effective compound against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is found to be E9 with 32 µg/mL MIC value, a chalcone derivative. However, all compounds were determined as ineffective against Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli isolate.
Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nde Azot ve Kükürt Gübrelemesinin Verim ve Kaliteye Etkileri
Authors: Erbaş Sabri , Şenateş Ali
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmada ayçiçeğinde azot (0, 5, 10, 15 kg N/da) ve kükürt (0, 5, 10, 15 kg S/da) uygulamalarının verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nde 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde kurulmuş, ana parsellere azot ve alt parsellere de kükürt dozları uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bütün özelliklerin yıllar arasındaki farklılıkları; kabuk oranı ve yağ oranı hariç diğer özelliklerin N dozları arasındaki farklılıklar; yağ oranı hariç diğer özelliklerin S dozları arasındaki farklılıkları %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Elde dilen sonuçlara göre, tohum verimi 2014 yılında 235.4-348.6 kg/da (N0S0-N5S5) ve 2015 yılında ise 174.4-327.4 kg/da (N0S0-N10S5) arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozu ortalamalarına göre kontrol parsellerinde 231.9 kg/da olan tohum verimi 10 kg/da’a kadar %31.3 oranında artış göstermiş ve 304.4 kg/da’a ulaşmıştır. Kükürt dozu ortalamalarına göre en yüksek tohum verimi 5 kg/da uygulamasından (302.8 kg/da) ve en düşük kontrol parsellerinden (248.4 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Tohumların yağ içeriği kontrole göre yüksek N ve S dozu uygulamasında sırasıyla %2.1 ve %5.0 oranında artmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Isparta koşullarında yağlık ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde daha yüksek tane verimi ve kalitesi için 10 kg N/da azot ile 5 kg S/da kükürt kullanılmalıdır.
Su Kabağı Lifi (Luffa Cylindrica)-Epoksi Kompozitinde Sesin Yutulma Performansını Etkileyen Parametreler
Authors: Keskin Oya , Yılmaz Demirkale Sevtap
Published: April 2020

Her mekanın kullanım amacına yönelik, yönetmeliklerle belirlenmiş uygun ses düzeyi aralıkları vardır. Mekan içerisinde, ses düzeyinin istenen seviyeye getirilmesi bitirme malzemelerinin ses yutma özellikleri kullanılarak sağlanmaktadır. Pratikte oldukça yaygın kullanılan cam yünü gibi malzemeler, özellikle uygulama sırasında insan sağlığı için zarar verici olmaktadır. Bu nedenle de pek çok alanda olduğu gibi, ses yutma malzemelerinde de doğal malzeme arayışı özellikle son yıllarda daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada*, doğal bir bitki lifi olan Su Kabağı (LC) lifleri kullanılarak üretilecek kompozitler ile insan sağlığı için zararlı olmayan alternatif bir ses yutucu malzeme üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, su kabağı (LC) lifleri epoksi bağlayıcı ile kullanılarak kompozit malzeme üretilmiş ve empedans tüpü yöntemi ile numunelerin ses yutma katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, malzeme kalınlığı ve lif oranı parametrelerinin ses yutma performansı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar grafikler halinde sunulmuş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmış ve sonuçlar, malzeme kalınlığı ve lif oranının ses yutma performansı üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) OLEH DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN, PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DAN KELUARGA BERENCANA (DP3AKB) KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Rahmawati Ranny , Sukidin Sukidin , Suharso Pudjo
Published: April 2020

Pernikahan menurut Islam merupakan suatu perbuatan luhur dan agung, yang bertujuan untuk memben­tuk keluarga sakinah mawaddah warahmah.Tujuan dari pernikahan tidak selamanya berjalan mulus, ada kalanya cobaan dan godaan hingga berujung pada tindak kekerasan yang dilakukan suami/istri. DP3AKB Kabupaten Jember merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari pemerintah yang melakukan program pemberdayaan perempuan kepada korban KDRT. Pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan DP3AKB Kabupaten Jember yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan kepada korban KDRT guna meningkatkan keahlian atau kemampuan mereka dalam bidang tata boga, tata rias dan menjahit. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mampu menjelaskan pemberdayaan perempuan korban KDRT yang dilakukan DP3AKB Kabupaten Jember dan peran pemberdayaan perempuan dalam perekonomian rumah tangga. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun tempat penelitian dilakukan pada DP3AKB Kabupaten Jember. Metode penentuan subyek penelitian yaitu purposive sampling dan rekomendasi. Informan utama dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 sasaran yaitu pendamping sebanyak 3 orang, karyawan bidang Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (P3A) DP3AKB Kabupaten Jember sebanyak 1 orang dan perempuan korban KDRT (kelas ekonomi menengah kebawah dan telah mengikuti pelatihan) sebanyak 4 orang. Informan tambahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu keluarga informan inti korban KDRT sebanyak 3 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles and Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan conclusion drawing/ verification. Berdasarkan analisis data bahwa pemberdayaan perempuan terwujud melalui dua kegiatan yaitu pendampingan (sosialisasi, pemeriksaan kesehatan, klasifikasi masalah, pendampingan hingga pemantauan/monitoring) dan usaha kesejahteraan sosial (pelatihan tata boga, tata rias/salon dan menjahit). Peran pemberdayaan perempuan dalam perekonomian rumah tangga yaitu cukup signifikan. Hal ini terbukti dari pekerjaan yang mereka jalani mampu menghasilkan membantu suami dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya. Pekerjaan tersebut antara lain membuat kue, penjahit dan lain sebagainya.
PENGARUH UPAH TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan UD. Pakem Sari, Desa Sumberpakem, Kecamatan Sumberjambe, Kabupaten Jember)
Authors: Ni'am M. Dilif Lailun , Suyadi Bambang , Ani Hety Mustika
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan antara upah (upah pokok, sistem upah, kebijakan pemberian upah dan upah total) terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan (semangat kerja dan gairah kerja) UD. Pakem Sari, Desa Sumberpakem, Kecamatan Sumberjambe, Kabupaten Jember. Adapun penentuan lokasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive area dan menjadikan semua populasi sebagai responden karena jumlah populasi relatif sedikit yaitu sebanyak 35 karyawan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis inferensial menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan UD. Pakem Sari, Sumberjambe, Jember. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis regresi linier sederhana menghasilkan persamaan  Y = 2,211 + 0,205X dengan nilai RSquare sebesar 0,564, nilai Fhitung sebesar 42,631, Ftabel sebesar 4,14 pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 dengan kriteria pengujian yaitu jika Fhitung > Ftabel maka Ho ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa upah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan UD. Pakem Sari, Sumberjambe, Jember dengan besaran pengaruh sebesar 56,4%, sedangkan sisanya  43,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Saran yang dapat diberikan oleh peneliti kepada manajemen UD. Pakem Sari, Sumberjambe Jember, yaitu diharapkan untuk selalu adil dan benar dalam memberikan upah kepada karyawannya serta meningkatkan strategi dalam pemberian upah agar motivasi kerja karyawan juga meningkat.
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Muzammil Achmad , Rasyidi Ahmad Hafas , Surur Miftahus
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa melalui hasil belajar. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan Quasi Eksperimental Design dengan desain bentuk Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Design ini terdapat pretest yaitu kelompok kelas eksperimen dengan metode pembelajaran discovery learning dan kelompok kelas kontrol dengan metode diskusi. Kemudian diberikan posttest untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa setelah diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda dengan pelajaran yang sama. Batasan berdasarkan populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Ibrahimy 1 Sukorejo tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu (Ekonomi) dengan hasil belajar yang di inginkan adalah pemahaman konsep. Dari hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode pembelajaran discovery learning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep IPS Terpadu kelas VII SMP Ibrahimy 1 Sukorejo. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian tersebut diperoleh nilai probabilitas kumulatif sebesar 0,026, artinya nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,026 < 0,05. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa “Hipotesis Alternatif diterima.”
Strategi Pengembangan Produk pada Handicraft Citra Mandiri di Desa tutul Kecamatan Balung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Nailuvary Sylvia , Ani Hety Mustika , Sukidin Sukidin
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai strategi pengembangan produk pada handicraft Citra Mandiri di Desa Tutul Kecamatan Balung Kabupaten Jember. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan untuk mengakses data digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi atau kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa handicraft Citra Mandiri merupakan usaha kerajinan tangan yang melakukan pengembangan produk. Strategi pengembangan produk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas penjualan. Usaha handicraft Citra Mandiri melakukan pengembangan produk dengan dua cara yakni secara diversifikasi produk dan strategi produk baru. Diversifikasi produk merupakan suatu strategi bagi handicraft Citra Mandiri untuk menambah jenis produk yang diproduksi, jenis produk yang diproduksi handicraft Citra Mandiri yaitu tasbih, gelang, kalung, dan tongkat. Industri handicraft Citra Mandiri dalam melakukan diversifikasi produk juga meningkatkan produk yang baru yang memiliki hubungan dalam hal pemasaran atau teknologi dengan produk yang sudah ada. Strategi produk baru yaitu handicraft Citra Mandiri membuat produk baru yang diluncurkan untuk mengantisipasi kejenuhan pelanggan akan produk yang sudah ada. Handicraft ini dalam membuat produk barunya tidak hanya berkaitan dengan produk yang dipasarkan tetapi berhubungan pula dengan hal-hal atau atribut lain yang melekat pada produk tersebut. Handicraft Citra Mandiri dalam membuat produknya berusaha memberikan kesan yang khas dimana produk yang dimiliki memiliki warna, motif, labelling yang berbeda.
Taxonomic Diversity and Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Taabo Lake (Basin of Bandama; Ivory Coast)
Authors: Tanon Yanick Djoman , Camara Idrissa Adama , Kouadio Norbert Kouakou , Doumbia Lassina , Ouattara Allassane , Diomande Dramane
Published: April 2020

The taxonomic diversity and structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of Taabo Lake (Ivory Coast), from November 2017 to October 2018 were evaluated. Water quality parameters, such as temperature (T °C), water transparency (cm), dissolved oxygen (mg.L-1), pH, turbidity (NTU), electrical conductivity (EC, µS.cm-1) were measured in situ using a multi-parameter probe HANNA, from four sampling points (littoral and sub-littoral zones) in Taabo Lake. Benthic macroinvertebrates sampling were collected by using Van veen in stainless steel. A total of 63 benthic macroinvertebrates taxa belonging to 23 Families, 8 Orders, 2 Classes and 2 Phylums (Molluscs and Arthropods) were identified. The most abundant of benthic macroinvertebrates were Mesogastropoda (66%) represented in all sampling points. They were followed by Diptera (25%), Odonata (3%), Ephemeroptera (3%), Basommatophora (2%), Heteroptera (1%), Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (less than 1%). The values of diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates collected in Taabo Lake showed no significant variations between sampling points.
La réduction des rejets avicoles et porcins par la sélection
Authors: MIGNON-GRASTEAU S. , BOURBLANC M. , CARRE B. , DOURMAD J.Y. , GILBERT H. , JUIN H. , NOBLET J. , PHOCAS F.
Published: April 2020

Du fait de leur forte concentration dans certaines zones en France, les productions avicoles et porcines sont associées à de nombreux problèmes environnementaux dus à l’épandage de leurs rejets. Outre la quantité brute de rejets, leur composition, notamment en azote, phosphore et oligoéléments, est une source de pollution des eaux et des sols. Jusqu’ici, les solutions envisagées pour réduire ces rejets portaient soit sur le traitement a posteriori des rejets, soit sur la réduction des rejets en amont, essentiellement en modifiant les régimes alimentaires des animaux. La sélection d’animaux produisant moins de rejets n’était en revanche envisagée que comme un sous-produit de l’amélioration de l’efficacité alimentaire de l’animal. Le but de cette synthèse est donc de faire un tour d’horizon des différentes voies d’amélioration génétique permettant de réduire quantitativement les rejets ou d’améliorer leur composition pour produire un fertilisant organique écologique. La sélection indirecte de caractères liés à l’efficacité de la digestion ou au métabolisme de l’animal est abordée dans un premier temps. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons les premiers résultats montrant qu’il est possible de sélectionner directement sur la composition des rejets.