bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Resolution Barrier in the Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Vanderlinde William
Published: July 2022

This article describes two innovative methods that can significantly improve the resolution of SEM imaging: scanning transmission electron microscopy in a scanning electron microscope (STEM-in-SEM) and forward-scattered electron imaging (FSEI). Both methods can be implemented in any SEM using special sample holders. No other modifications are required. Test results presented in the article show that 1 to 2 nm resolution is possible in thin sections, uncoated polysilicon gates, and photoresist.
The innovative vector and social orientation of the development of the food complex of Russia is a key factor of state policy (part 2)
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia, Kolonchin Kirill V. , Seregin Sergey N. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after V.M. Gorbatov, Moscow, Russia, Sysoev Georgiy V ,   Federal Scientific Agro-engineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2022

Social problems should be solved by the state together with the business community as a priority in order to ensure sustainable economic growth and a high standard of living for the population of the country. The article presents an analysis of the main production indicators and indicators achieved within the framework of the goals set by the program documents in the field of agro-industrial and fisheries complexes. Most of the set goals have been achieved, the results obtained have become possible thanks to the systematic state support of organizations of the food complex on the principles of public-private partnership. To change the established trend of the liberal model of economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the role of the state. In order to stimulate innovation and investment activities, to improve the technical and technological level of production, it is necessary to determine the main priorities within the framework of the adopted program documents and allocate the necessary resources for these areas, constantly monitoring the decisions taken. Building a new system of public administration for the implementation of program documents in the field of the development of agriculture and fisheries will guarantee the achievement of the goals set by the state in a timely manner.
Forecasting the production of oilseed flax (curly flax)
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Goncharov Vladimir D. , Koteev Sandzhi V. ,   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Salnikov Sergey G. ,   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the current level of production and processing of curly flax seeds. Much attention is paid to the issues of yield and gross yield of curly flax by categories of farms, as well as in the territorial context. A model for forecasting gross harvests from yield and sown areas is proposed.
Prospects for the expansion of acreage in the regions of Russia due to the introduction of unused arable land into circulation
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Issues of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia, Bondarenko Yuriy P.
Published: July 2022

The problem of ensuring the country’s food security, which has recently become particularly acute, involves accelerating the search for reserves for the growth of agricultural production, one of such reserves is unused agricultural land. Therefore, in view of the strengthening of international sanctions against Russia and the adoption of a state program for the effective involvement of agricultural land in the turnover, the author’s approach to ranking regions according to the degree of prospects for large-scale expansion of acreage due to the introduction of unused arable land into circulation is proposed. Based on the results of calculations of resource and financial indicators of agricultural development in regions with large areas of unused arable land, an assessment of the potential of the regions was made on the possible level of efficiency of the use of arable land put into circulation, so that additional measures of financial and organizational support for these regions had the maximum level of return in the form of high growth rates of gross agricultural output. The article emphasizes that agriculture in only 22 regions has sufficient conditions and opportunities for effective development after large-scale involvement in the turnover of unused arable land, but subject to mandatory state support, without which it is impossible to bring individual economic and production indicators of the agricultural sector of individual regions to an acceptable level.
The increasing the financial stability of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan is an important problem of today
Authors:   Kazan State Agrarian University, Kazan, Russia, Ibragimova Raila M.
Published: July 2022

The financial condition of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole has been closer to the crisis for a long time. Therefore, the current situation requires constant analysis and adoption of adaptive measures. This article is devoted to this problem. This paper establishes a functional relationship between the current liquidity ratio and six other coefficients that independently characterize the financial condition of organizations. It is proved that the current liquidity ratio as a complex and integral indicator can be used for the operational assessment of the financial well-being of the organization. It was revealed that all agricultural organizations, regardless of their specialization, the degree of processing of their own products and other conditions, financial well-being is associated with the level of economic efficiency of the invested capital. In this aspect, a closer relationship is established in large, diversified, geographically large agricultural organizations.
Spacious Grammar: Agency and Intention in the Teaching of Research Writing
Authors: Thieme Katja
Published: July 2022

Standardized academic English is now understood to be rooted in histories and practices that are colonial, classist, nationalist, heteronormative, ableist, and sexist. Current teaching of academic English carries an ethos of making practices of research writing accessible to students from marginalized backgrounds through explicit attention to language patterns and genre structures. In the context of both ideological critique and explicit pedagogy, I discuss three pragmatic elements of research writing—positionality, citation, and evaluation—with examples from one of my courses. I present these elements and my approach to teaching them as a practice that is attentive to both details of published scholarship and students’ agency and intentionality in shaping their own writing projects, claims, and arguments. My work is framed by a functional approach to grammar where grammar is not interesting as a standardized apparatus but as a code that provides a range of options for producing performative effects. I call this spacious grammar.
Doctoral writing and the politics of citation use
Authors: Badenhorst Cecile , Arif Abu , Quintyne Kelvin
Published: July 2022

Conventions shape scholarly writing and citations practices are one set of conventions that dominate how and what we write. Yet, many of these practices naturalize exclusion and discrimination in a way that becomes normalized and, consequently, invisible. For doctoral students, learning the conventions of citing is part of developing an identity around scholarship, research and writing. In this paper, we examine our own experiences of the politics of citations to understand our socialization processes and resistances. We use an autoethnographic narrative approach to frame this qualitative study. Our findings show how citation use abounds with the contradictions and paradoxes in our doctoral writing journeys where the pressure to succeed can compromise identity-building as ethical scholars. Each of us has many needs and multiple positionalities and resisting the naturalizing grammar of citations can be complicated. Yet, once aware of the politics of citations, one cannot go back to being unaware.
Trilha sonora para enfrentar a Covid-19: Mudanças no rádio musical do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Britto Fontes Helen , Kischinhevsky Marcelo
Published: July 2022

No contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 e de medidas de isolamento social, emissoras musicais implementaram novas práticas e ressignificaram o fazer jornalístico, ampliando a oferta de conteúdo de serviço e de utilidade pública. Neste artigo, apresentam-se as principais alterações nas rotinas produtivas de três emissoras do Rio de Janeiro. Advoga-se que há um reenquadramento do jornalismo cultural em rádio, comumente associado ao infotenimento, mas que vem mudando para incorporar conteúdos noticiosos.
Vozes da resistência: a Rede de Notícias da Amazônia e o protagonismo indígena
Authors: Rodrigues Rosa Luciana , Costa Luciana Miranda
Published: July 2022

O artigo analisa a cobertura da Rede de Notícias da Amazônia sobre as manifestações dos povos indígenas do Brasil, de agosto e setembro de 2021, motivadas, principalmente, pela votação da tese do marco temporal no Superior Tribunal Federal. Com referências principais em Peruzzo (1995), Santos e Amorim (2019), Svampa (2016; 2021) e Steinbrenner et al. (2021), foram analisadas reportagens observando escolhas editoriais, as   vozes evidenciadas e a postura de resistência na prática comunicacional.
Cuboesia: a voz poética do metal
Authors: Mello Vianna Graziela Valadares Gomes de , Diniz João Antonio Valle
Published: July 2022

Este ensaio verbo-visual é um vislumbre da obra Cuboesia (2019) dos arquitetos João e Bel Diniz. A obra reúne arquitetura, escultura, som e poesia em uma land art com fluxos que convidam a entrar na poesia. Um cubo que emoldura a luz, as sombras e as montanhas das Minas Gerais. Em seu interior, a paisagem sonora amplia a experiência multissensorial. Feito de metal proveniente da mineração e da siderurgia, Cuboesia denuncia o descaso e a demagogia ambiental nessa composição metálica e sonora.
How Can We Best Manage Patients With Oligometastatic Disease In Head And Neck Cancer?
Authors: Devabalan Yadsan
Published: July 2022

Background: Oligometastatic disease in head and neck cancer is a new entity that is beginning to gather significant attention. It is a concept that is defined as <5 lesions with control of the primary lesion. Methods: In this paper, we explore the literature for the presentation and management of patients presenting with oligometastatic disease in the head and neck from non-head and neck primaries. Results: The most common infraclavicular primary tumours to metastasise to the head and neck are breast, lung and renal carcinomas. Management of these oligometastatic lesions is currently very variable and surgery and/or ablative therapies can in fact be associated with good survival outcomes or locoregional control compared to patients with widespread metastatic disease. Conclusion: The recommendations in this paper will help towards establishing clear guidelines in the future for surgical and ablative therapies for these patients.
UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI KULIT BIJI KEBIUL (Caesalpinia bonduc L.) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST
Authors: Hernanda Muhammad , Yani Dwi Fitri , Wijayanti Fitria
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak, fraksi etanol dan fraksi n-heksana kulit biji kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc L.) terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach. menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Hasil uji fitokimia ekstrak etanol kulit biji kebiul mengandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, steroid dan terpenoid.  Hasil uji fitokimia fraksi etanol kulit biji kebiul mengandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, steroid dan terpenoid.  Hasil uji fitokimia fraksi n-heksana kulit biji kebiul mengandung alkaloid, saponin dan steroid Uji toksisitas ekstrak; fraksi etanol; fraksi n-heksana kulit biji kebiul mendapatkan hasil LC50  secara berturut-turut 160.567 ppm ; 174.858; dan 168.219 ppm. Toksisitas dari ekstrak, fraksi etanol dan fraksi n-heksana kulit biji kebiul (Caesalpilina bonduc L) memiliki sifat toksik yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai antikanker karena memiliki nilai LC50<1000 ppm.
INTERPRETASI DATA GEOMAGNETIK UNTUK MENDETEKSI SEBARAN BATUAN MENGANDUNG MINERAL LOGAM DI AWANG BANGKAL, KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Noor Rudy Hendrawan , Ishaq Ishaq
Published: July 2022

Research has been carried out to detect the presence and distribution of rocks containing metallic minerals. Almost every object used every day contains metal elements, so the presence of metal is very important to support every human activity. The presence of metal minerals in nature is generally quite a lot, but the types of metallic minerals vary. The geomagnetic method is a geophysical method that can detect subsurface rocks containing metallic minerals based on the difference in the magnetic field between the rock and the surrounding rock. Processing of geomagnetic data obtained in the field begins with daily correction and correction of the earth's main magnetic field (IGRF). The correction results obtained are anomaly of the earth's magnetic field which is distributed horizontally on the surface. The results of the analysis in the form of local magnetic field anomalies (∆H) are divided into 3 (three) regions, the first having a value between -236.5 nT to -8 nT (nano tesla) as an area that has a high local magnetic field anomaly value. Second, the value of -377.2 nT to -236.4 nT as an area that has a moderate anomaly value. Third, the low anomaly values ranged from -778.4 nT to -377.1 nT. Areas that have high local magnetic field anomaly values are interpreted as ultramafic rocks, which are source rocks of nickel lateric deposits rich in ferromagnesian minerals, distributed in the southeastern part of the study area.
Соціально-побутові умови та продовольче забезпечення науково-педагогічних працівників СРСР у 20-х рр. ХХ століття
Authors: Діденко Катерина
Published: July 2022

У статті розглянуто один із актуальних напрямів в історичних студіях щодо  особливостей соціально-побутових умов та продовольчого забезпечення науково-педагогічних працівників СРСР у 20–30-х рр. ХХ століття. Мета роботи полягає у висвітленні діяльності російських центральних та місцевих органів влади з покращення соціально-побутового, матеріального та житлового забезпечення наукових та педагогічних працівників, зокрема створення та діяльність  ПетроКУБУ та ЦеКУБУ. Методологія дослідження включає принципи наукової об’єктивності, історизму, системності, а також методи аналізу та синтезу, узагальнення, історико-порівняльний, історико-типологічний. Висновки. Характеризуючи становище вчених у 20-х рр. ХХ ст., необхідно зазначити, що наукова інтелігенція, як і загалом радянське післяреволюційне суспільство, знаходились у складній суспільно-політичній та економічній ситуації.  Наукова інтелігенція належала до тих верств суспільства, які особливо гостро відчули погіршення якості життя. Закриття низки вищих навчальних закладів і факультетів, затримки з виплатою заробітних плат, що і без того знецінювалися через розгул інфляції, позбавляли науковців стабільного доходу. Цей важкий у побутовому плані період співпав у часі з болісною трансформацією соціальної структури населення країни, що зачепило і наукову інтелігенцію. Матеріальне становище вчених було досить хитким, характеризувалося відсутністю житла, низьким рівнем заробітної плати, відсутністю умов для проведення науково-дослідної роботи, завантаженістю партійно-політичною роботою. Змінилося й ставлення до вчених та їх ролі в житті суспільства, побутувала думка про неприпустимість керівної ролі інтелігенції в будь-якій галузі народного господарства та культури, зведення становища представників інтелігенції до рядових виконавців. До того ж радянське керівництво розуміло, що науковий потенціал країни потрібно зберегти для будівництва соціалістичного суспільства. Тому одним із головних був пошук можливостей порятунку вчених від вимирання і надзвичайного виснаження. Влада починає вибудовувати співпрацю з інтелектуальною системою, залучаючи її на свою сторону, створюючи для неї сприятливі умови для життя та роботи.
Проблема розбудови збройних сил у мемуарах сучасників української революції 1917–1921 рр.
Authors: Грідіна Анастасія , Темірова Надія
Published: July 2022

Метою статті є здійснення аналізу мемуарів сучасників і безпосередніх учасників революційний подій 1917 – 1921 років. Увагу сфокусовано на процесі формування українських збройних сил – опори Української Центральної Ради. За основу взято спогади активних учасників національного українського руху – В. Винниченка, М. Грушевського, Д. Дорошенка. Для об’єктивнішого висвітлення теми дослідження було проаналізовано спомини учасників революційного руху інших ідеологічних спрямувань – білого руху І. Мазепи, А. Денікіна, більшовицького табору – Є. Бош, В. Атонова-Овсієнко. Мемуарні твори представлено як книжкові публікації, тематичні збірники, власні авторські життєписи,  журнальні та  газетні публікації. Методологічну основу дослідження склали загальнонаукові методи, серед яких порівняння та аналіз. Окрім того, під час роботи над публікацією використовувались історично-порівняльний, ретроспективний методи, а також синхронний. Завдяки цій методологічній базі змогли проаналізувати джерела дослідження та зробити висновки стосовно проблеми, що піднімається в даній статті. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в тому, що здійснена аналітична робота над мемуарною літературою в контексті висвітлення в ній питання про формування українських збройних сил, які були основною опорою Центральної Ради в перший період революції. Висновки. Спогади свідчать, що з перших днів революційних змагань військовослужбовці-українці почали стихійно створювати комітети, громади, клуби. Такий активний рух сприяв появі тенденції до утворення українських військових частин, які можуть, в свою чергу, скласти основу єдиного Українського фронту. Однак в той же самий час лідери революційного руху не мали уявлення, як створювати власні збройні сили, як формувати армію. У Центральної Ради не було чітко визначеної позиції стосовно ставлення до військових сил, тому що її члени побоювалися зіпсувати відносини з Тимчасовим урядом. Через це питання між членами першого українського уряду, зокрема між М. Грушевським і М. Міхновським, було чимало суперечок, що прослідковується в споминах цих діячів. Також урядовці з недовірою ставилися до військового командування, зокрема до П. Скоропадського, який у своїх мемуарах приділяє багато уваги опису процесу створення українського корпусу в російській армії. Загалом, автори мемуарної літератури революційної доби, підкреслюють, що державній владі так і не вдалося організувати справжню військову силу, яка могла б чинити ворогу опір. Це прослідковується в оцінках збройних формувань України, як слабких, неорганізованих та хаотичних. Більшість мемуаристів вважала винною в такій ситуації Центральну Раду, адже та не скоординувала в правильному руслі свої дії та почала конфліктувати з російським урядом відкрито. Більшовики в своїх споминах описують процес формування загонів червоної гвардії в східних і південних територіях України – зокрема, в селищах та містах.
Реєнт О. П. Соціально-економічні та політичні трансформації в Україні (кінець XVIII ‒ перші десятиліття XX століття). У 2-х кн. ‒ К.: Інститут історії України, 2021. Кн. 1. 846 с. Кн. 2. 818 с.
Authors: Падалка Сергій , Шульга Тарас
Published: July 2022

Автори рецензії аналізують збірку нарисів відомого українського історика, присвячену широкому спектру проблем соціально-економічної та соціально-політичної історії України протягом ХІХ та початку ХХ століть. Особливу увагу рецензентів привернули оригінальні та продуктивні підходи О.П. Реєнта до вивчення процесів втягування України в модерний світовий аграрний ринок, а також кризових явищ в українському соціумі під час Першої світової війни та Української революції. На думку рецензентів, це дослідження створює широку базу для глибшого вивчення принципово важливого періоду української історії.
Development
of a mobile application for flag identification based on artificial neural
networks
Authors: Zatezalo Ivan , Dunđer Ivan
Published: July 2022

Strojno učenje te posebno pripadajuće potpodručje poznato kao duboko učenje pokreću novedisruptivne tehnologije i nedavna postignuća u različitim industrijama. Ovaj rad koristi do određenerazine istu tehnologiju pri izradi mobilne aplikacije za edukacijske svrhe, a koja omogućuje identifikacijunepoznatih zastava pomoću umjetne inteligencije. Kako bi aplikacija bila funkcionalna i efikasna,potrebno je bilo kreirati vlastiti podatkovni skup i obraditi ga na razne načine kako bi se osiguralazbirka podataka koja odražava podatke iz stvarnoga svijeta. Ova zbirka bi se potom koristila kaopodatkovni ulaz za razvijanje modela, koji se razvija unutar okruženja TensorFlow. Nakon što je modelrazvijen, implementiran je kao dio mobilne aplikacije programirane Flutterom. Funkcionalnost mobilneaplikacije i točnost modela ispitana je na brojci od preko 100 novih slika koje model prethodno nijevidio niti je nad njima bio treniran. Rezultat ovog ispitivanja mogao bi se smatrati odrazom okvirnespremnosti i primjenjivosti ove aplikacije u stvarnom svijetu.
Inovacijama i tehnologijom do optimizacije troškova hotelskih
kuhinja - empirijsko istraživanje, regija Kvarner, Republika Hrvatska
Authors: Vinković Kravaica Anastazija , Bešlić Saša
Published: July 2022

Nedostatak radne snage u brojnim industrijskim granama imao je utjecaj na rast cijena industrijskih proizvoda što se prelilo i na ugostiteljstvo. Suprotno tomu ugostiteljski sektor se zbog velike potražnje u tercijarnom sektoru znatno proširio i stvorio konkurentnu silu što je uzrokovalo tržišnu borbu za svakog gosta i posljedično smanjenje cijena usluga. U toj situaciji ugostitelji, a posebno hotelske kuće primorane su pronaći mogućnosti u vlastitim kapacitetima da kroz korištenje tehnologije smanje materijalne troškove pansionskih obroka, bez smanjenja vlastite marže. Cilj je kroz uvođenje vlastite pekarske proizvodnje u hotelskim kuhinjama znatno pridonijeti stabilnosti kvalitete i autentičnosti usluge, ali i smanjiti materijalne troškove hotelske kuhinje. U svrhu znanstvene vrijednosti rada provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje u hotelskim kućama na Kvarneru – Republika Hrvatska. Prikupljeni su podaci o godišnjoj potrošnji pekarskih proizvoda u pansionskim obrocima, obrađene informacije o ulaznim cijenama sirovina za pekarske proizvode te u odnos stavljeni troškovi vlastite pekarske proizvodnje i troškovi kupnje gotovih pekarskih proizvoda s naglaskom na uštede na godišnjoj razini. Podaci su predočeni tablično i grafički te analizirani uz izvedene zaključke i tumačenja. Rezultati rada sintetizirani su i koristit će hotelskom menadžmentu u donošenju strateških i operativnih odluka investicijske politike i planiranja godišnjih budžeta hotelskih kuhinja kroz prizmu menadžerskog računovodstva.
Local memory on war, German occupation and postwar years. An oral history project in the Donbass
Authors: Титаренко Дмитро Миколайович , Пентер Таня
Published: July 2022

This article presents the findings of a small oral history project carried out during the years 2001-2010 in the Eastern Ukrainian Donbass region. We learn from the interviews that loyalties were rather fragile and changed quite frequently during the war. The sharp lines of definition and categorisation which historians have created in dealing with the past do not fit wartime reality. Many people collaborated at one time and participated in Soviet resistance or fought in the Red Army at another. There were no clear lines between collaboration and resistance, but rather moral grey zones. Experiences of the occupation were diverse, and besides, experiences of terror and violence also included cultural and working experiences as well as various personal relationships with the German enemy. Therefore the authors argue for much more integrated research approaches trying to combine the wide range of different wartime experiences.
Conocimiento local de las variedades de yuca en Montes de María, Colombia: primer paso para la construcción de un programa de fitomejoramiento participativo
Authors: Pérez Darío , Mora Rubén Eduardo , Angulo Emiro Rafael , López Camilo Ernesto
Published: July 2022

Considerando la importancia de la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) como uno de los principales cultivos alimenticios del Caribe colombiano y el bajo nivel de adopción de las variedades mejoradas que se ha reportado en la región, el fitomejoramiento participativo (FP) se presenta como una estrategia para la obtención de variedades que satisfagan las necesidades de quienes producen yuca y al tiempo valoran los saberes locales, promoviendo la relación entre los procesos de fitomejoramiento y la gente. A través de un proceso de coinvestigación que contó con la participación de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en proceso de reincorporación a la vida civil, se documentaron los conocimientos sobre las variedades de yuca conservadas por 20 campesinos que habitan en los Montes de María. Como resultado, se describe cómo se realiza el manejo del cultivo, los usos y atributos asociados con 25 nombres comunes reportados. Se destaca la necesidad de recuperar el uso de un mayor número de variedades de yuca, ya que, si bien existe conocimiento sobre algunas de ellas, muchas ya no se cultivan. Estos resultados representan el insumo primario dirigido al desarrollo de nuevas variedades que respondan a las preferencias propias del campesinado; proceso que debe ser liderado y conducido por las comunidades mismas.
Los estudios sociales sobre peligros de origen natural en la frontera norte de México. Una revisión teórico-metodológica
Authors: Calvario Parra José Eduardo , Casas Tapia Juan Manuel , Cruz Valenzuela Joaquín
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y analizar la producción académica desde las ciencias sociales en relación con los peligros de origen natural. Lo acotamos para la frontera norte de México en los periodos de 1996-2019. La estrategia metodológica utilizada fue el análisis de contenido con relación a los objetivos, métodos, y categorías analíticas de los trabajos revisados. Identificamos un consistente aumento en el interés sobre los peligros naturales, predominando abordajes cuantitativos y desde un nivel de análisis macro; empleándose categorías como vulnerabilidad social, riesgo y adaptación, no obstante ser escaso el diálogo con la teoría sociológica. En conclusión, encontramos que existe una diversidad de trabajos con distintos enfoques teóricos-metodológicos encaminados a problematizar el contexto social, político y económico de los efectos de los fenómenos naturales. El aporte principal de este trabajo es que muestra la diversidad y evolución de estos estudios y cómo se emplean las categorías de análisis.
Про нове бачення історії. Чекаленко Л. Д. Публічна історія: виклики XXI століття
Authors: Макар Віталій
Published: July 2022

Рецензія на книгу Чекаленко Л. Д. Публічна історія: виклики XXI століття. Київ: Видавничий дім “АртЕК”, 2021. 272 с.
НАТО – ключова платформа українсько-канадської безпекової кооперації
Authors: Цепенда Ігор , Статкевич Михайло
Published: July 2022

Оцінка стану безпекової кооперації між Україною і Канадою на платформі НАТО здійснюється в контексті дослідження ролі України в актуальній безпековій політиці Канади. Важливість такого дослідження обумовлюється пріоритетністю вирішення нагальних завдань у сфері міжнародної підтримки національної безпеки та реалізації зовнішньополітичну курсу на євроатлантичну інтеграцію нашої держави. У статті розглядаються основні аспекти українсько-канадського співробітництва в рамках НАТО, як основної багатосторонньої платформи безпекового співробітництва для України. Важливою складовою канадської підтримки України є прагнення привести українські військові, соціальні та демократичні стандарти у відповідність зі стандартами НАТО. У цьому контексті експертний досвід Канади є важливим для нашої країни. Оттава активно підтримує зусилля України щодо євроатлантичної інтеграції та відіграє важливу роль у наповненні практичним змістом співпраці Києва з Альянсом у військово-політичній та гуманітарній сферах.
Distribution of trace elements controlled by sector and growth zonings in zircon from a miaskite pegmatite of the Vishnegorsky massif, the Southern Urals
Authors: Levashova Ekaterina , Popov Vladimir , Levashov Dmitry , Rumyantseva Natalia
Published: July 2022

Data on the content and distribution of trace and rare-earth elements (SIMS method) in sectors and growth zones of a large zircon crystal from miaskite pegmatites of the Vishnegogorsky massif are presented. The morphology of the zircon crystal is a combination of a dipyramid {111} and prism {010}. It has been established that the growth sector of dipyramid {111} is characterized by almost one order of magnitude higher contents of Y, Nb, REE, Th; higher Th/U and Eu/Eu* values; REE distribution spectra are flatter compared to prism {010} growth sector. A regular decrease in the content of trace and rare-earth elements in the direction from the central zone to the marginal zone of crystal growth was revealed. A smooth regression of zircon crystallization temperature of zircon from 960 °C in the central zone to 740 °C in the marginal zone of the dipyramid sector and 700-650 °C in the prism sector has been revealed, which may be a reflection of thermal evolution of the crystallization process. It is assumed that crystallization of the central zone of zircon occurred at early stages from a relatively trace-еlement-rich melt. The crystallization was completed at lower temperatures, probably, simultaneously with the formation of REE-concentrating minerals, which resulted in natural decrease of  content of trace and rare-earth elements in the melt and, consequently, in zircon crystallizing from it.
Pajappoq-Jappoq: Fenomena Sosial Ekonomi Pada Masyarakat Desa Tamasaju, Takalar
Authors: Muhair Nurizal , Darim Fitrahsahrani , Amri Mutiara Mahdatilla , Febrianti Annisa , Rozinah Rini Aaaliyah , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Hidayatullah Syarif
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan terkait aktivitas pajappoq-jappoq sebagai fenomena sosial ekonomi pada suatu masyarakat nelayan yang ada di Desa Tamasaju, Kecamatan Galesong Utara, Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, serta menggunakan metode etnografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (a) pajappoq-jappoq merupakan fenomena sosial ekonomi karena jappoq-jappoq dapat menjadi sumber pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup, (b) pajappoq-jappoq terdiri dari upah, upaq, dan palaq-palaq, (c) motif pelaku aktivitas ini adalah ekonomi serta kebutuhan hidup artinya pelaku melakukan aktivitas Pajappoq karena membutuhkan ikan tersebut. Maka, kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pelaku aktivitas pajappoq- jappoq tidak semuanya pelaku tindakan pencurian, pajappoq-jappoq mendapatkan sekuritas sosial bagi mereka yang berusia anak-anak dan orang yang sudah berusia lanjut. Bentuk resiprositas yang hadir antara anak buah dan juragan, serta hubungan sosial antara pemilik ikan dan pajappoq-jappoq. Ikan hasil jappoq akan dijual sebagai penghasilan dan atau dibawa pulang untuk dikonsumsi.
COVID-19 and cardiovascular lesions in the practice of an outpatient cardiologist
Authors:   Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center, CHERNOVA O. L. , GORNAEVA L. I. ,   Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center
Published: July 2022

The topical problem today is the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease is characterized not only by damage to the lungs, but also by severe disturbances in the work of other organs, primarily the cardiovascular system. Disturbances in its functioning are often manifested in the form of myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, and rhythm and conduction disturbances of varying severity. Based on a clinical example, it is shown that one must be especially vigilant in identifying cardiovascular complications in the delayed period in patients who had had COVID-19 in any form; some aspects and difficulties in diagnosing such lesions are presented.
Features of medical rehabilitation in undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SAKOVETS T. G. , BOGDANOV E. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: July 2022

A pronounced prevalence of connective tissue dysplasia is recorded in the population. This connective tissue (CT) pathology is represented by hereditary and polygenic multifactor disorders in the CT development. The latter disorders are considered within the framework of undifferentiated variants of CT dysplasia. Undifferentiated dysplasia of CT (UDCT) is observed in 10–30% of the population; some authors believe that the frequency of individual signs of UCTD is much higher and is observed in 84.5% of the population. The use of various orthoses stabilizing the joints and spine in patients with UCTD was considered expedient. Patients with UCTD need an individual approach to the appointment of therapeutic gymnastic, sports exercises, as well as games. Physiotherapy with ultrasound, constant pulsed currents, sinusoidal modulated currents, and hydrotherapy is used to relieve pain in the muscular-articular syndrome. It is advisable to use manual therapy and acupuncture. Medical massage (vacuum, manual) is actively used. Thus, with UCTD, it is necessary to prescribe physiotherapy exercises, manual therapy, physiotherapy, therapeutic massage, reflexology, and it is also advisable to select technical means of rehabilitation.
Modern opportunities for diagnosing facial neuropathy
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, BEDOVA M. A. , KLIMKIN A. V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, SKRIPCHENKO E. YU. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases
Published: July 2022

Facial neuropathy (or Bell’s palsy) is one of the most common mononeuropathies with an incidence of about 7–40 people per 100,000 population per year. This review presents important aspects of clinical, laboratory, neurophysiological and neuroimaging diagnostics of the facial nerve damage at various stages of the disease. Instrumental diagnostics of the character and severity of facial nerve damage at the early stage of Bell’s palsy is still topical. The diagnostic significance of TMS, multiparametric MRI and high-resolution ultrasound in determining the prognosis of the course and outcomes of facial nerve damage requires further study, which remains a priority of scientific research at the Children’s Scientific and Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.
Papilloma viral infection and pregnancy. Experience of combined therapy at pre-gravid stage
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, YUNUSOVA E. I. , DANILOVA O. V. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, GIZATULLINA R. D. ,   Therapeutic-diagnostic Center Biomed
Published: July 2022

In the recent decades, the incidence of viral urogenital pathology increases, with papilloma viral infection (PVI) dominating in the structure of such diseases. The occurrence and development of PVI-associated pathology, the severity and probably outcome directly depend on the immune status and the body ability to react to the pathogen. PVI may constitute a serious problem during pregnancy, which determines the need to examine and treat women at the stage of its planning. Regardless of the technique of destruction of anogenital warts, the probability of the pathology return remains high, sometimes reaching 60%. The use of Imunofan in complex therapy of women with repeated anogenital papilloma viral pathology showed its high efficacy, which is characterized by a high percentage of virus elimination, a low level of return, an activation of the antiviral immunity system, and a good tolerance to treatment.
Eine zerbrochene Vision? Wie Samora Machels Projekt für eine Elitebildung in der DDR entgleiste
Authors: Quive Samuel , Machava Adérito
Published: July 2022

Der Artikel analysiert die geopolitische und strategische Dynamik der Kooperation zwischen der Volksrepublik Mosambik und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR) im Bereich Erziehung und Ausbildung im Kontext des Staats- und Freundschaftsvertrags vom Februar 1979. Wichtiger Teil dieses Abkommens war die Gründung der Schule der Freundschaft in Staßfurt bei Magdeburg. Der Beitrag diskutiert, inwieweit die heutige Staatspartei FRELIMO (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) und der damalige Präsident Samora Machel ihre Vision verwirklichen konnten, durch die Schaffung des „Neuen Menschen“ eine marxistisch-leninistisch geprägte sozialistische Gesellschaft und einen Einparteienstaat unter FRELIMO zu etablieren. Teil dieses Projekts war es, das politische und ideologische Modell der DDR zu übernehmen und gleichzeitig die enormen Staatschulden bei der DDR zu bezahlen. Ein starkes Interesse der deutschen Seite war neben dem Bestreben nach internationaler Anerkennung die wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit, welche die Lieferung von Rohstoffen und von Arbeitskräften beinhaltete. Mit den politisch-ideologischen Veränderungen in Mosambik aufgrund zahlreicher interner und externer Einflussfaktoren sowie mit Machels Tod 1986 verlor das Projekt seine Bedeutung. So gab es keinen Plan für die Integration der zurückgekehrten Absolvent*innen aus der DDR. Die meisten wurden direkt zum Militär eingezogen und endeten später frustriert in der Arbeitslosigkeit. Letztendlich ist Machels Projekt gescheitert.
Discovery of Gut Bacteria Specific to Alzheimer’s Associated Diseases Is a Clue to Understanding Disease Etiology: Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Data on Human Gut Metagenomics and Metabolomics
Authors: Paley Elena L.
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated sequence (ADAS) of cultured fecal bacteria was discovered in human gut targeted screening. This study provides important information to expand our current understanding of the structure/activity relationship of ADAS and putative inhibitors/activators that are potentially involved in ADAS appearance/disappearance. The NCBI database analysis revealed that ADAS presents at a large proportion in American Indian Oklahoman (C&A) with a high prevalence of obesity/diabetes and in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from the US and China. An Oklahoman non-native group (NNI) showed no ADAS. Comparison of two large US populations reveals that ADAS is more frequent in individuals aged ≥66 and in females. Prevalence and levels of fecal metabolites are altered in the C&A and CRC groups versus controls. Biogenic amines (histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, agmatine, spermidine) that present in food and are produced by gut microbiota are significantly higher in C&A (e.g., histamine/histidine 95-fold) versus NNI (histamine/histidine 16-fold). The majority of these bio-amines are cytotoxic at concentrations found in food. Inositol phosphate signaling implicated in AD is altered in C&A and CRC. Tryptamine stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphate. The seizure-eliciting tryptamine induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and vesiculation with cell fragmentation. Present additions of ADAS-carriers at different ages including infants led to an ADAS-comprising human sample size of 2,830 from 27 studies from four continents (North America, Australia, Asia, Europe). Levels of food-derived monoamine oxidase inhibitors and anti-bacterial compounds, the potential modulators of ADAS-bacteria growth and biogenic amine production, were altered in C&A versus NNI. ADAS is attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors of AD associated diseases.
New Approaches to Profile the Microbiome for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Elmaleh David R. , Downey Matthew A. , Kundakovic Ljiljana , Wilkinson Jeremy E. , Neeman Ziv , Segal Eran
Published: July 2022

Progressive neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the largest growing treatment challenges for public health in modern society. These diseases mainly progress due to aging and are driven by microglial surveillance and activation in response to changes occurring in the aging brain. The lack of efficacious treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the focus of this review, and other neurodegenerative disorders has encouraged new approaches to address neuroinflammation for potential treatments. Here we will focus on the increasing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is characterized by inflammation that may carry over to the central nervous system and into the brain. Neuroinflammation is the common thread associated with neurodegenerative diseases, but it is yet unknown at what point and how innate immune function turns pathogenic for an individual. This review will address extensive efforts to identify constituents of the gut microbiome and their neuroactive metabolites as a peripheral path to treatment. This approach is still in its infancy in substantive clinical trials and requires thorough human studies to elucidate the metabolic microbiome profile to design appropriate treatment strategies for early stages of neurodegenerative disease. We view that in order to address neurodegenerative mechanisms of the gut, microbiome and metabolite profiles must be determined to pre-screen AD subjects prior to the design of specific, chronic titrations of gut microbiota with low-dose antibiotics. This represents an exciting treatment strategy designed to balance inflammatory microglial involvement in disease progression with an individual’s manifestation of AD as influenced by a coercive inflammatory gut.
Geographical Distribution and Diversity of Gut Microbial NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Sequence Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Paley Elena L. , Merkulova-Rainon Tatiana , Faynboym Aleksandr , Shestopalov Valery I. , Aksenoff Igor
Published: July 2022

Earlier we reported induction of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration by tryptophan metabolites that link the metabolic alterations to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tryptophan is a product of the Shikimate pathway (SP). Human cells lack SP, which is found in human gut bacteria exclusively using SP to produce aromatic amino acids (AAA). This study is a first attempt toward gene-targeted analysis of human gut microbiota in AD fecal samples. The oligonucleotide primers newly-designed for this work target SP-AAA in environmental bacteria associated with human activity. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we found unique gut bacterial sequence in most AD patients (18 of 20), albeit rarely in controls (1 of 13). Cloning and sequencing AD-associated PCR products (ADPP) enables identification of Na(+)-transporting NADH: Ubiquinone reductase (NQR) in Clostridium sp. The ADPP of unrelated AD patients possess near identical sequences. NQR substrate, ubiquinone is a SP product and human neuroprotectant. A defici in ubiquinone has been determined in a number of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Antibacterial therapy prompted an ADPP reduction in an ADPP-positive control person who was later diagnosed with AD-dementia. We explored the gut microbiome databases and uncovered a sequence similarity (up to 97%) between ADPP and some healthy individuals from different geographical locations. Importantly, our main findin of the significan difference in the gut microbial genotypes between the AD and control human populations is a breakthrough.
Interaction Between Diet and Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers
Authors: Ticinesi Andrea , Mancabelli Leonardo , Carnevali Luca , Nouvenne Antonio , Meschi Tiziana , Del Rio Daniele , Ventura Marco , Sgoifo Andrea , Angelino Donato
Published: July 2022

Animal studies increasingly indicate that the gut microbiota composition and function can be involved in the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at multiple levels. However, few studies have investigated this putative gut-brain axis in human beings, and none of them considered diet as a determinant of intestinal microbiota composition. Epidemiological studies highlight that a high intake of fruit and vegetables, such as that typical of the Mediterranean diet, can modulate AD progression. Thus, nutritional interventions are being increasingly studied as a possible non-pharmacological strategy to slow down the progression of AD. In particular, polyphenols and fibers represent the nutritional compounds with the higher potential of counterbalancing the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. These actions are mediated by the gut microbiota, that can transform polyphenols and fibers into biologically active compounds including, among others, phenyl-γ-valerolactones, urolithins, butyrate, and other short-chain fatty acids. In this review, the complex mechanisms linking nutrition, gut microbiota composition, and pathophysiology of cognitive decline in AD are discussed, with a particular focus on the role of polyphenols and fibers. The gaps between pre-clinical and clinical studies are particularly emphasized, as well as the urgent need for studies comprehensively evaluating the link between nutrition, microbiome, and clinical aspects of AD.
The Association of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Gut Microbiota and its Corresponding Metabolites
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Kong Cheng , Gong Li , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhu Yuefei , Wang Haichao , Qu Xiao , Gao Renyuan , Yin Fang , Liu Xueyuan , Qin Huanlong
Published: July 2022

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is an important factor causing disabilities after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Emerging evidence suggested that gut microbiota play an important role in cognitive impairment. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between PSCI and gut microbiota. Method: 65 patients with newly diagnostic AIS finished the fecal collection on admission and cognitive assessment 3 months later in the clinic. Fecal samples were subjected to 16SrRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Additionally, we enrolled new 18 AIS patients, whose treatment was supplemented by probiotics, to assess the potential of microbial treatment in PSCI. Results: PSCI patients were characterized by the significantly decreased alpha-diversity, disturbed microbial composition, and corresponding metabolites compared with non-PSCI patients. Increased Fusobacterium and deficiency of microbial metabolized short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly associated with PSCI. A model based on gut microbiota and SCFAs could predict 3 months or longer PSCI early and accurately after stroke onset. While traditional probiotic administration had little effect on PSCI, it could ameliorate patients’ mood, including depression and anxiety in the 3 months after stroke. Conclusion: Our study revealed the association between PSCI and gut microbiota and its corresponding metabolites for the first time, suggesting the potential for applying microbiota and its corresponding metabolites to early clinical diagnosis and treatment of PSCI.