bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cuarta revolución industrial: Transformación digital como nuevo paradigma
Authors: Gallego Trijueque Sara , Oliva Marañón Carlos
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de esta reflexión teórica es describir y categorizar el proceso que conlleva la nueva revolución tecnológica basada en Big Data, Internet de las cosas, Cloud Computing etc., centrada en la industria 4.0 o Industria del futuro, en la que las tecnologías son necesarias para renovar la producción manufacturera actual y futura. En la primera parte del artículo se presenta la transformación digital y su situación actual y, en la segunda parte, se centra en la industria 4.0 y en los habilitadores o tecnologías esenciales para llevar a cabo esta transformación. En consecuencia, se infiere que los habilitadores tecnológicos son los pilares básicos de la cuarta revolución industrial imprescindibles para lograr una adecuada transformación digital. Esta premisa debe entenderse como un nuevo paradigma cultural, proyectándose en todos los ámbitos del sistema.
La comunicación de la sanidad en redes sociales. Una perspectiva institucional europea
Authors: Martínez Rolán Xabier , Míguez González María Isabel , Corbacho Valencia Juan Manuel
Published: July 2022

Resumen
Este artículo profundiza en la variedad de funciones que cumplen las redes sociales en el contexto de la salud. Facebook sigue siendo la red social con más usuarios a nivel mundial por lo que constituye el objeto de análisis de las cuentas oficiales de organismos públicos de salud de cinco países de la Unión Europea. El objetivo del estudio consiste en identificar cómo se comunican estas instituciones sanitarias, analizando sus perfiles con cerca de 2.000 publicaciones del año 2017. Existen notables diferencias en cuanto a volumen y ritmo de publicaciones por país, así como en niveles de engagement. Destaca el contenido audiovisual y se observan similitudes en cuanto a las patologías sobre las que se publica información. No se detecta un patrón común en términos de engagement por lo que se infiere que los contenidos vienen marcados por agendas nacionales.
Evolución conceptual del periodismo de paz
Authors: Arroyave Jesús , Garcés Prettel Miguel
Published: July 2022

Los medios masivos se han centrado en informar más sobre temas de guerra que de paz. De ahí que, el periodismo de paz surja como una alternativa narrativa que contribuye a la solución pacífica de conflictos, en un contexto donde son esenciales la verdad, la rigurosidad en la reportería y la responsabilidad social de la información. Pese a su importancia, el periodismo de paz es un subcampo escasamente explorado en la literatura de habla hispana. Este artículo realizado con técnicas de revisión documental y bibliométrica aporta a este campo de conocimiento un análisis de la génesis y desarrollo del periodismo de paz. Metodológicamente, se revisaron 10 libros de referencia y los 133 artículos existentes en Scopus sobre periodismo de paz, los cuales permitieron hacer un balance de sus aportes, críticas y evolución conceptual.
Medir a qualidade dos comentários online: uma proposta metodológica a partir de sites jornalísticos em Portugal, Brasil e Espanha
Authors: Ribeiro Fábio , Assunção Carlos
Published: July 2022

Ao longo da última década, tem-se assistido a um intenso debate sobre a relevância dos comentários às notícias online. Alguns investigadores questionam o discurso de ódio verificado nesses espaços, outros destacam a partilha de opiniões entre cidadãos. Este artigo propõe uma ferramenta metodológica de medição da qualidade dos comentários às notícias online, utilizando uma amostra de 300 comentários em sites com grande visibilidade em Portugal (Público; Sapo), Espanha (El País; 20 Minutos) e Brasil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). Os resultados revelam que os comentadores utilizam tendencialmente um nome próprio, uma argumentação pouco pessoal (82,3%), relevante para a discussão em causa (60,3%), com um número reduzido de erros ortográficos/gramaticais (14,7%) e intervenções agressivas (31,7%). Seguindo o Modelo de Avaliação de Políticas dos Comentários Online (MAPCO), comprovou-se que sites que apostam em sistemas classificados de qualidade na moderação dos comentários conseguem atrair intervenções mais relevantes e oportunas.
An
lnu
(A)-Carrying Multi-Resistance Plasmid Derived from Sequence Type 3 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis May Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci
Authors: Chang Shih-Cheng , Lin Lee-Chung , Lu Jang-Jih
Published: July 2022

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
(MRSL) strains showing resistance to several common antibiotics have been reported recently. Sequence type (ST) 3 MRSL carrying SCC
mec
types IV, V, or Vt is the major lineage associated with health care-associated infections.
The Helicobacter pylori UvrC Nuclease Is Essential for Chromosomal Microimports after Natural Transformation
Authors: Ailloud Florent , Estibariz Iratxe , Pfaffinger Gudrun , Suerbaum Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Helicobacter pylori
is one of the most common and genetically diverse human bacterial pathogens. It is responsible for chronic gastritis and represents the main risk factor for gastric cancer.
Near-Complete Genome Sequences of Measles Virus Strains from 10 Years of Uganda Country-wide Surveillance
Authors: Namuwulya Prossy , Bukenya Henry , Tushabe Phionah , Tweyongyere Robert , Bwogi Josephine , Cotten Matthew , Phan My V. T.
Published: July 2022

Measles remains a global health challenge despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Sporadic outbreaks of measles virus infections continue in Uganda. We report eight near-complete genome sequences of measles virus strains from Uganda cases from 2011 to 2020, providing useful data for assessing vaccine escape and local/regional transmission.
Draft Genome Sequences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains DSMZ 8862 and DSMZ 8866, Used as Feed Additives
Authors: Pieper Bernd , Saathoff Mareike , Lapschies Antje-Maria , Semmler Torsten , Zielke Jutta , Fulde Marcus
Published: July 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
strains DSMZ 8862 and DSMZ 8866, which are currently being used as authorized feed additives in the European Union under regulation (EC) number 1831/2003. The draft genome sequences contain 3,334 kbp (DSMZ 8862) and 2,992 kbp (DSMZ 8866) in 15 and 8 contigs, respectively.
Genome Sequence of a Wa-Like G3P[8] Rotavirus from a 12-Month-Old Child with Diarrhea in Manipur, India
Authors: Devi Yengkhom Damayanti , Dey Upalabdha , Kumar Aditya , Singh Chongtham Shyamsunder , Namsa Nima D.
Published: July 2022

Rotavirus A (RVA) was detected in the stool of a 12-month-old child with diarrhea, mild fever, and vomiting. A viral metagenomic approach identified a Wa-like genotype G3P[8] strain named RVA/Human-wt/IND/RM25112/2016.
An Immunochemical Approach to Detect the Quorum Sensing-Regulated Virulence Factor 2-Heptyl-4-Quinoline N-Oxide (HQNO) Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates
Authors: Montagut Enrique J. , Raya Juan , Martin-Gomez M.-Teresa , Vilaplana Lluïsa , Rodriguez-Urretavizcaya Barbara , Marco M.-Pilar
Published: July 2022

Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) as a communication mechanism that releases small signaling molecules which allow synchronizing a series of activities involved in the pathogenesis, such as the biosynthesis of virulence factors or the regulation of growth of other bacterial species. HQNO is a metabolite of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-specific QS signaling molecule PQS (
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal).
Superradiance of an Extended Resonant Medium Excited by Half-Cycle Attosecond Pulses
Authors: Pakhomov A. V. , Arkhipov M. V. , Rosanov N. N. , Arkhipov R. M.
Published: July 2022

Here we demonstrate an unusual type of superradiance in an extended layer of a two-level medium excited by a pair of unipolar pulses. It is shown that, due to the interference of secondary waves emitted by the resonant medium, the response of such a layer in reflection represents a pair of half-cycle unipolar pulses of different polarity. They follow with a time delay proportional to the layer thickness. The source of such superradiance is a monopolar half-cycle pulse of the stopped polarization induced by the first excitation pulse and switched off by the second excitation pulse. The predicted effect can be used to control the shape of few- and subcycle pulses in resonant media.
Effectiveness of a specialist palliative home care nurse–patient consultation followed by an interprofessional telephone case conference compared with usual care among patients with non-oncological palliative care needs: protocol for the multicentre KOPAL cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marx Gabriella , Mallon Tina , Pohontsch Nadine Janis , Schade Franziska , Dams Judith , Zimansky Manuel , Asendorf Thomas , Böttcher Silke , Mueller Christiane A , Freitag Michael , Hummers Eva , van den Bussche Hendrik , Schäfer Ingmar , König Hans-Helmut , Stiel Stephanie , Schneider Nils , Nauck Friedemann , Friede Tim , Scherer Martin
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Progressive chronic, non-malignant diseases (CNMD) like congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dementia are of growing relevance in primary care. Most of these patients suffer from severe symptoms, reduced quality of life and increased numbers of hospitalisations. Outpatient palliative care can help to reduce hospitalisation rate by up to 50%. Due to the complex medical conditions and prognostic uncertainty of the course of CNMD, early interprofessional care planning among general practitioners who provide general palliative care and specialist palliative home care (SPHC) teams seems mandatory. The KOPAL study (a concept for strenghtening interprofessional collaboration for patients with palliative care needs) will test the effectiveness of a SPHC nurse–patient consultation followed by an interprofessional telephone case conference.

Methods and analysis

Multicentre two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial KOPAL with usual care as control arm. The study is located in Northern Germany and aims to recruit 616 patients in 56 GP practices (because of pandemic reasons reduced to 191 participants). Randomisation will take place on GP practice level immediately after inclusion (intervention group/control group). Allocation concealment is carried out on confirmation of participation. Patients diagnosed with CHF (New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification 3–4), COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage classification 3–4, group D) or dementia GDS stage 4 or above). Primary outcome is a reduced hospital admission within 48 weeks after baseline, secondary outcomes include symptom burden, quality of life and health costs. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Intervention will be evaluated after the observation period using qualitative methods.

Ethics and dissemination

The responsible ethics committees of the cooperating centres approved the study. All steps of data collection, quality assurance and data analysis will continuously be monitored. The concept of KOPAL could serve as a blueprint for other regions and meet the challenges of geographical equity in end-of-life care.

Trial registration number

DRKS00017795; German Clinical Trials Register.
Patterns of pregabalin prescribing in four German federal states: analysis of routine data to investigate potential misuse of pregabalin
Authors: Flemming Ronja
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to investigate the utilisation patterns of pregabalin, to identify users potentially misusing pregabalin and to compare this group of patients to patients prescribed recommended doses of pregabalin concerning their personal characteristics and the coordination among their prescribers. Unintended coprescription of drugs with addictive potential might occur when care is insufficiently coordinated.

Design

Secondary data analysis of linked data from three regional sickness funds in Germany (AOK) for the years 2014–2016.

Setting

Ambulatory and hospital care sector in four German federal states.

Methods

On the basis of routine data, patients who received at least three prescriptions of pregabalin were identified and classified into patients prescribed pregabalin as recommended and those dispensed with a higher than recommended dose (>600 mg/day). Social network analysis was applied to identify prescription networks and to analyse cooperation among the prescribers. With descriptive statistics and univariate statistical tests, typical characteristics of the group of patients potentially misusing pregabalin were compared with the others.

Results

Among the 53 049 patients prescribed pregabalin, about 2% (877) were classified as potentially misusing pregabalin. The majority of this group was male and aged between 30 and 60 years. Of the patients misusing pregabalin, 365 (42%) had a diagnosed history of substance use disorders and 359 (41%) had been prescribed another drug with addictive potential (opioids) before. The prescribers of those patients potentially misusing pregabalin were more loosely connected within networks compared with prescribers of patients prescribed pregabalin as recommended.

Conclusion

This study found that patients could exceed recommended doses of pregabalin by getting prescriptions from multiple physicians. Specific patients were at increased risk of potentially misusing pregabalin, and these patients sought to obtain their prescriptions from physicians who were as loosely connected as possible. Coordination and sharing a relevant number of patients seem to be levers to avoid these problems of unintended coprescribing.
Effectiveness and active ingredients of social prescribing interventions targeting mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Avery Leah , Scott Jason , Ashley Kirsten , Jordan Cara , Errington Linda , Flynn Darren
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aims to establish the effectiveness and active ingredients of UK-based social prescribing interventions targeting mental health and well-being outcomes.

Design

Systematic review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysies guidelines and a published protocol.

Data sources

Nine databases were systematically searched up to March 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Social prescribing interventions in the UK involving adults aged ≥18 years, which reported on mental health outcomes.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics; outcomes; referral pathways; treatment fidelity strategies; person-centredness; intervention development processes and theory-linked behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Data were narratively synthesised.

Results

52 074 records were retrieved by the search, 13 interventions reported across 17 studies were included in this review (N=5036 participants at post-intervention). Fifteen studies were uncontrolled before-and-after designs, one a randomised controlled trial and one a matched groups design. The most frequently reported referral pathway was the link worker model (n=12), followed by direct referrals from community services (n=3). Participants were predominantly working age adults, and were referred for anxiety, depression, social isolation and loneliness. 16 out of 17 studies reported statistically significant improvements in outcomes (mental health, mental well-being, general health, or quality of life). Strategies to enhance treatment fidelity were suboptimal across studies. Only two studies used a specific theoretical framework. A few studies reported engaging service users in codesign (n=2) or usability and/or feasibility testing (n=4). Overall, 22 BCTs were coded across 13 interventions. The most frequently coded BCTs were social support-unspecified (n=11), credible source (n=7) and social support-practical (n=6).

Conclusions

Robust conclusions on the effectiveness of social prescribing for mental health-related outcomes cannot be made. Future research would benefit from comprehensive intervention developmental processes, with reference to appropriate theory, alongside long-term follow-up outcome assessment, using treatment fidelity strategies and a focus on principle of person-centred care.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020167887.
Association between childhood immunisation coverage and proximity to health facilities in rural settings: a cross-sectional analysis of Service Provision Assessment 2013–2014 facility data and Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016 individual data in Malawi
Authors: Johns Nicole E , Hosseinpoor Ahmad Reza , Chisema Mike , Danovaro-Holliday M Carolina , Kirkby Katherine , Schlotheuber Anne , Shibeshi Messeret , Sodha Samir V , Zimba Boston
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Despite significant progress in childhood vaccination coverage globally, substantial inequality remains. Remote rural populations are recognised as a priority group for immunisation service equity. We aimed to link facility and individual data to examine the relationship between distance to services and immunisation coverage empirically, specifically using a rural population.

Design and setting

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of facility data from the 2013–2014 Malawi Service Provision Assessment and individual data from the 2015–2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, linking children to facilities within a 5 km radius. We examined associations between proximity to health facilities and vaccination receipt via bivariate comparisons and logistic regression models.

Participants

2740 children aged 12–23 months living in rural areas.

Outcome measures

Immunisation coverage for the six vaccines included in the Malawi Expanded Programme on Immunization schedule for children under 1 year at time of study, as well as two composite vaccination indicators (receipt of basic vaccines and receipt of all recommended vaccines), zero-dose pentavalent coverage, and pentavalent dropout.

Findings

72% (706/977) of facilities offered childhood vaccination services. Among children in rural areas, 61% were proximal to (within 5 km of) a vaccine-providing facility. Proximity to a vaccine-providing health facility was associated with increased likelihood of having received the rotavirus vaccine (93% vs 88%, p=0.004) and measles vaccine (93% vs 89%, p=0.01) in bivariate tests. In adjusted comparisons, how close a child was to a health facility remained meaningfully associated with how likely they were to have received rotavirus vaccine (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.63, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.33) and measles vaccine (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.37).

Conclusion

Proximity to health facilities was significantly associated with likelihood of receipt for some, but not all, vaccines. Our findings reiterate the vulnerability of children residing far from static vaccination services; efforts that specifically target remote rural populations living far from health facilities are warranted to ensure equitable vaccination coverage.
Exploring the association between khat use and psychiatric symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Edwards Betsy , Atkins Naomi
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Consumption of the drug khat is high across East Africa and the South-Western Arabian Peninsula despite evidence for its adverse psychiatric effects. This systematic review aims to explore cross-sectional research in the field to determine the strength of the association between khat use and psychiatric symptoms

Methods

Six databases were searched in October 2021—Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Proquest—using the following search terms: “khat” OR “qat” OR “qaad” OR “catha” OR “miraa” OR “mairungi” AND “depression” OR “anxiety” OR “mania” OR “psych*” OR “schiz*” OR “mental” OR “hallucinations” OR “delusions” OR “bipolar”. Eligible studies were cross-sectional studies of any population or setting comparing the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in long term or dependent khat users with non-users. The quality of each study was appraised by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was planned using a random effects model to produce an OR with 95% CIs—using the Mantel-Haenszel method—alongside an I2 statistic to represent heterogeneity. The quality of this meta-analysis was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) scoring system.

Results

35 studies were eligible for inclusion (total participants=31 893), spanning 5 countries (Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, UK). Meta-analysis suggests that khat use is associated with an 122% increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (OR 2.22, 95% CIs 1.76 to 2.79, p<0.00001, GRADE score: ‘very low’).

Conclusions

The high heterogeneity of the meta-analysis is likely due to the wide variation between the studies within the evidence base. To perform a more accurate systematic review, further primary studies are needed with standardised measurements of variables, particularly khat consumption.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020224510.
Quality of patient-reported and proxy-reported outcomes for children with impairment of the lower extremity: systematic review protocol
Authors: Saris Tim , Kalle Ruben , Sierevelt Inger , Eygendaal Denise , van Bergen Christiaan
Published: July 2022

Introduction

As patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become of significant importance in evaluation of care and clinical research, adequately selecting the appropriate instrument is an integral part of paediatric orthopaedic research and clinical practice. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PROMs targeted at children with impairment of the lower limb, and to critically appraise and summarise the quality of their measurement properties by applying the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology.

Method and analysis

A systematic search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases will be performed to identify relevant publications reporting on the development and/or validation of PROMs used for evaluating children with impairment of the lower extremity. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies will be undertaken by two reviewers independently and in accordance with COSMIN guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

It is not necessary to obtain ethical approval for this systematic review. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at relevant conferences to enhance information dissemination.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021287323.
Five years of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone in the paediatric emergency department: what clinical features are associated with need for admission?
Authors: Scally Benjamin J , Buxton Gemma , Smith Jennifer K
Published: July 2022

Background

More children presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) with acute infections are now directly referred for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). Sparse data exist on what clinical features in these children are associated with OPAT failure. We hypothesised that children who were younger or presented with systemic features of infection would be more likely to need admission.

Methods

We conducted a service evaluation over a 5-year period (12 September 2015–12 September 2020) at a single UK tertiary centre paediatric ED formally known as the Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh. All children referred from the ED for OPAT with ceftriaxone were included. OPAT failure was defined as a decision by a senior clinician of need for admission. Univariate statistical testing and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed.

Results

754 children received OPAT in the ED over a 5-year period. 95 children (13%) required admission for inpatient management. Need for admission was independently associated with having a positive blood culture (adjusted OR (aOR) 8.9; 95% CI 1.49 to 47; p=0.01) or an ultrasound performed (aOR 6.8; 95% CI 3.74 to 12.7; p<0.001). We observed no significant association between age and systemic features (fever, white cell count or C reactive protein) with need for admission in our multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

In children presenting with acute infections to our paediatric ED who were deemed suitable by senior clinicians to be managed using OPAT with ceftriaxone, younger age (above 3 months) and the presence of systemic features were not independently associated with need for admission. Overall, our service was safe and no child came to harm from early ambulation during this evaluation.
Surgical management of tricuspid regurgitation: a new algorithm to minimise recurrent tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Rodriguez Torres Diego , Torres Quintero Lucía , Segura Rodríguez Diego , Garrido Jimenez Jose Manuel , Esteban Molina Maria , Gomera Martínez Francisco , Moreno Escobar Eduardo , Garcia Orta Rocio
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Recurrent tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is frequently observed after cardiac surgery; however, the correct approach remains controversial. We developed an algorithm for action on the tricuspid valve (TV) and conducted a 1-year follow-up study. The aim was to assess the efficacy of the algorithm to minimise residual TR after TV surgery. The hypothesis was that the TR rate at 1 year would be reduced by selecting the surgical approach in accordance with a set of preoperative clinical and echocardiographic variables.

Methods

A prospective, observational, single-centre study was performed in 76 consecutive patients with TV involvement. A protocol was designed for their inclusion, and data on their clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were gathered at 3 months and 1-year postsurgery. The treatment of patients depended on the degree of TR. Surgery was performed in all patients with severe or moderate-to-severe TR and in those with mild or moderate TR alongside the presence of certain clinical or echocardiographic factors. They underwent annuloplasty or extended valve repair when the TV was distorted. If repair techniques were not feasible, a prosthesis was implanted. Residual TR rates were compared with published reports, and predictors of early/late mortality and residual TR were evaluated.

Results

TR was functional in 69.9% of patients. Rigid ring annuloplasty was performed in 35.7% of patients, De Vega annuloplasty in 27.1%, extended repair in 11.4% and prosthetic replacement in 25.7%. TR was moderate or worse in 8.19% of patients (severe in 3.27%) at 1 year postintervention. No clinical, surgical or epidemiological variables were significantly associated with residual TR persistence, although annulus diameter showed a close-to-significant association. Total mortality was 12.85% for all causes and 10% for cardiovascular causes. In multivariate analysis, left ventricular ejection fraction was related to both early and late mortality.

Conclusions

Severe residual TR was significantly less frequent than reported in other series, being observed in less than 4% of patients at 1-year postsurgery.
An Arithmetical Condition on the Sizes of Conjugacy Classes of a Finite Group
Authors: Ren Yongcai
Published: July 2022

An element [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text] is said to be primary if the order of [Formula: see text] is a prime power. We define [Formula: see text] as follows: if [Formula: see text] is a prime power for every primary element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the conjugacy class of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]; if there exists a primary element [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is divisible by at least two distinct primes, then [Formula: see text]. In this paper we discuss the influence of the number [Formula: see text] on the structure of [Formula: see text].
On the P.Q.-Baer Skew Generalized Power Series Modules
Authors: Majidinya Ali
Published: July 2022

For a ring [Formula: see text] and a strictly totally ordered monoid [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be a monoid homomorphism and [Formula: see text] an [Formula: see text]-weakly rigid right [Formula: see text]-module (i.e., for any elements [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]), where [Formula: see text] is the ring of ring endomorphisms of [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the skew generalized power series module [Formula: see text] is a principally quasi-Baer module if and only if the annihilator of every submodule generated by an [Formula: see text]-indexed subset of [Formula: see text] is generated by an idempotent as a right ideal of [Formula: see text]. As a consequence we deduce that for an [Formula: see text]-weakly rigid ring [Formula: see text], the skew generalized power series ring [Formula: see text] is right principally quasi-Baer if and only if [Formula: see text] is right principally quasi-Baer and any [Formula: see text]-indexed subset of right semicentral idempotents in [Formula: see text] has a generalized [Formula: see text]-indexed join in [Formula: see text]. The range of previous results in this area is expanded by these results.
Skew Incidence Rings and the Isomorphism Problem
Authors: Fornaroli Érica Z.
Published: July 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite partially ordered set, [Formula: see text] an associative unital ring and [Formula: see text] an endomorphism of [Formula: see text]. We describe some properties of the skew incidence ring [Formula: see text] such as invertible elements, idempotents, the Jacobson radical and the center. Moreover, if two skew incidence rings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]are isomorphic and the only idempotents of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the trivial ones, we show that the partially ordered sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic.
Total Graphs Are Laplacian Integral
Authors: Dolžan David , Oblak Polona
Published: July 2022

We prove that the Laplacian matrix of the total graph of a finite commutative ring with identity has integer eigenvalues and present a recursive formula for computing its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We also prove that the total graph of a finite commutative local ring with identity is super integral and give an example showing that this is not true for arbitrary rings.
Call for nominations
Authors: Mattei Nicholas , Das Sanmay
Published: July 2022

The ACM SIGAI Industry Award for Excellence in Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be given annually to individuals or teams who have transferred original academic research into AI applications in recent years in ways that demonstrate the power of AI techniques via a combination of the following features: originality of the research novelty and technical excellence of the approach; importance of AI techniques to the approach; and actual or predicted societal impact of the application. Awardees receive a plaque accompanied by a prize of $5,000, and will be recognized at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence through an agreement with the IJCAI Board of Trustees.
Guest Column
Authors: Limaye N. , Srinivasan S. , Tavenas S.
Published: July 2022

Given a polynomial fpx1; : : : ; xNq, we can wonder how we can evaluate it with a minimal number of arithmetic operations. Indeed, the task of the algorithm designer is to nd evolved processes which decrease this number. In the other direction, it could be interesting to be able to prove that there is no algorithm which does the computation in less than some number of operations. But how one could prove something like that? We will present here some methods which allow us to tackle the problem in the case of constant-depth algebraic circuits.
ACM WSDM 2022 report
Authors: Candan K. Selçuk , Liu Huan , Akoglu Leman , Dong Xin Luna , Tang Jiliang , Tomkins Andrew
Published: July 2022

The 15
th
ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2022) was successfully held on 2/21 - 2/25/2022 online. It was originally planned to be held in Tempe, Arizona and changed to a virtual format due to the surge of Omicron. It was a five-day event with the middle 3 days dedicated to keynote speeches, single-session presentations, poster sessions, and sponsor talks. This brief report provides an overview of WSDM 2022 with organization and program details and statistics from Conference Chairs and Program Committee Chairs, as well as a message from the WSDM Steering Committee Chair to call for future WSDM conferences in the US (2024) and Europe (2025). Further details can be found at https://www.wsdm-conference.org/2022/. At the end of this report, we express our deep gratitude to authors, volunteers, special interest groups (SIGs), steering committee, and sponsors.
Disaster, doubt, and the origins of hypertext
Authors: Bernstein Mark
Published: July 2022

Hypertext and the World Wide Web are built on a complex network of ideas that originate in the military and ecological disasters of the short 20thCentury, 1914--1989, and in a world-spanning intellectual effort to prevent their recurrence. Though that effort now appears to have failed, and though the tragic story of the 20thCentury has not, it seems, concluded, we may learn profit by examining the concepts and ideals on which hypertext was built.
Koli Calling 2022
Authors: Petersen Andrew , Jormanainen Ilkka
Published: July 2022

Just a reminder: the deadlines for the 22nd Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2022) are coming up soon!
Six Questions About Overcriminalization
Authors: Husak Douglas
Published: July 2022

The allegation that criminal justice systems (and that of the United States in particular) have become guilty of overcriminalization is widely accepted by academics and practitioners on nearly all points along the political spectrum ( Dillon 2012 ). Many commentators respond by recommending that states decriminalize given kinds of conduct that supposedly exemplify the problem. I urge those who are theoretically minded to proceed cautiously and address several preliminary matters that must be resolved before genuine progress is possible. In the absence of a position on several controversial normative and conceptual issues, discussions of overcriminalization and decriminalization are bound to be oversimplified and superficial. My review is organized around six of these issues. I invite commentators to examine ( a) what the criminal law is; ( b) what overcriminalization means; ( c) why overcriminalization is thought to be pernicious; ( d) whether overcriminalization is a de jure or de facto phenomenon, i.e., whether it is a function of the law on the books or the law in action; ( e) what normative criteria might be invoked to alleviate the predicament; and ( f) whether and to what extent overcriminalization is a serious concern in our penal system. Even though these six issues are analytically distinct, positions about one invariably blur into commitments about the others. Although theorists rarely dissent from the claim that states are guilty of something called overcriminalization, uncertainties about the foregoing topics mar their treatments. I conclude that a deep understanding of the problem of overcriminalization depends on how these six issues are resolved.
Functional Roles of Parasitic Plants in a Warming World
Authors: Watson David M. , McLellan Richard C. , Fontúrbel Francisco E.
Published: July 2022

We consider the mechanistic basis and functional significance of the pervasive influence of parasitic plants on productivity and diversity, synthesizing recent findings on their responses to drought, heat waves, and fire. Although parasites represent just 1% of all angiosperms, the ecophysiological traits associated with parasitism confer pronounced impacts on their hosts and disproportionate influence upon community structure, composition, and broader ecosystem function. New insights into the roles of their pollinators, seed dispersers, and litter-dependent detritivores have advanced our understanding of how parasitic plants modulate animal communities via their extended and complementary phenology. Direct and indirect impacts of climate change on parasitic plants and their ecological roles are already apparent. Trade-offs between maximizing efficiency at obtaining water from hosts and sensitivity to water stress underlie range shifts and host switching of parasitic plants and increased reliance on these plants by animal communities for food and shelter.
Matrix proteoglycans in tumor inflammation and immunity
Authors: Deb Gauri , Cicala Alexander , Papadas Athanasios , Asimakopoulos Fotis
Published: July 2022

Cancer immunoediting progresses through elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Each of these phases is characterized by breaching, remodeling, and rebuilding tissue planes and structural barriers that engage extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular matrix proteoglycans. Some of the signals emanating from matrix proteoglycan remodeling are readily co-opted by the growing tumor to sustain an environment of tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive inflammation. Yet other matrix-derived cues can be viewed as part of a homeostatic response by the host, aiming to eliminate the tumor and restore tissue integrity. These latter signals may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes to tip the polarity of the tumor immune milieu toward anticancer immunity. In this review, we attempt to showcase the importance and complexity of matrix proteoglycan signaling in both cancer-restraining and cancer-promoting inflammation. We propose that the era of matrix diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer is fast approaching the clinic.
A glitch in the matrix: the pivotal role for extracellular matrix remodeling during muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Brightwell Camille R. , Latham Christine M. , Thomas Nicholas T. , Keeble Alexander R. , Murach Kevin A. , Fry Christopher S.
Published: July 2022

Multinuclear muscle fibers are the most voluminous cells in skeletal muscle and the primary drivers of growth in response to loading. Outside the muscle fiber, however, is a diversity of mononuclear cell types that reside in the extracellular matrix (ECM). These muscle-resident cells are exercise-responsive and produce the scaffolding for successful myofibrillar growth. Without proper remodeling and maintenance of this ECM scaffolding, the ability to mount an appropriate response to resistance training in adult muscles is severely hindered. Complex cellular choreography takes place in muscles following a loading stimulus. These interactions have been recently revealed by single-cell explorations into muscle adaptation with loading. The intricate ballet of ECM remodeling involves collagen production from fibrogenic cells and ECM modifying signals initiated by satellite cells, immune cells, and the muscle fibers themselves. The acellular collagen-rich ECM is also a mechanical signal-transducer and rich repository of growth factors that may directly influence muscle fiber hypertrophy once liberated. Collectively, high levels of collagen expression, deposition, and turnover characterize a well-trained muscle phenotype. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence for how the ECM and its cellular components affect loading-induced muscle hypertrophy. We also address how the muscle fiber may directly take part in ECM remodeling, and whether ECM dynamics are rate limiting for muscle fiber growth.
E-Commerce across Boarder Logistics Risk Evaluation Model Based on Improved Neural Network
Authors: Qiao Wei
Published: July 2022

BP neural network is a typical algorithm in artificial intelligence network. It has strong nonlinear mapping ability and is the most prominent part to solve some nonlinear problems. In the traditional BP algorithm, the coincidence initialization of weights and thresholds is random, which reduces the efficiency of the algorithm on the one hand and affects the accuracy of the algorithm results on the other hand. In order to solve these problems, this paper studies an e-commerce cross-border logistics risk assessment model based on improved neural network. This model can help merchants engaged in cross-border e-commerce to select appropriate third-party settlement platforms, so as to reduce the cost of merchants in the process of capital settlement. The key information in BP neural network algorithm is stored in weights and thresholds, which is enough to prove the importance of weights and thresholds for the effective operation of the whole network. The e-commerce cross-border logistics risk assessment model based on improved neural network aims to solve the problem of low level of risk assessment and the bottleneck of logistics risk assessment. The improved e-commerce cross-border logistics risk assessment model based on neural network can be used for risk rating before business development, so as to adopt different risk management methods for different risk levels.
Stroke in Patients with Schistosomiasis: Review of Cases in Literature
Authors: Silvestri Valeria , Mushi Vivian , Ngasala Billy , Kihwele Jacqueline , Sabas Deodatus , Rocchi Lorenzo
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Cerebral vascular comorbidities may occur in patients with schistosomiasis, as described in case reports. Aim and Methods. We have summarized general clinical and neurological features in patients with stroke associated with schistosomiasis, through a review of case reports in the literature. Investigation Outcomes. A total of eight case reports were retrieved. The mean age of patients was 36.42 ± 16.7 (19 to 56 years), four females, three males, and one anonymous sex. Eosinophilia was the most frequent feature at presentation, followed by cardiac abnormalities, confusion, fever, ataxia, hemiplegia, headache, urticaria, dysphasia, and memory impairment. Patients usually present with watershed infarction or intracranial vasculitis. In one case, extracranial carotid arteries presented with inflammation and stenosis. The patient’s serology was positive on admission in five cases. Full neurological recovery was reported in three cases, and partial improvement in another three. In two cases, information on neurological outcomes was incomplete. Stroke in schistosomiasis can be caused by haemodynamic impairment, direct lesion to the arterial wall, vasa vasorum obliterative endarteritis, contiguity with a focus of inflamed tissue, or inflammatory intimal damage. Schistosomiasis needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of stroke in people living or coming back from endemic areas. Conclusions. Further studies addressing the noncommunicable comorbidity issues related to this condition are needed.
Navigation and Positioning Analysis of Electric Inspection Robot Based on Improved SVM Algorithm
Authors: Li Yongfu , Long Yingkai , Du Mingming , Jiang Xiping , Liu Xianfu
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of electric inspection robot navigation and positioning, an improved SVM algorithm was proposed to improve the accuracy of inspection. The research focuses on sensor calibration technology, lane line detection and robot positioning technology, obstacle detection and tracking technology, and substation road scene understanding technology. The results show that the radar measurement results have great fluctuation and deviation due to the existence of noise, but the results are smoother after EKF estimation. Secondly, the accuracy of the improved SVM classifier in this paper is much higher than that of the traditional method, and the improvement effect is obvious.
MB-BC: Drug Traceability System Based on Multibranched Blockchain Structure
Authors: Tan Xudong , Kang Zerui , Wei Fan , Gao Chenhao , Wei Zhaoying , Huang Haiping
Published: July 2022

The establishment of a complete drug traceability system is essentially important for public drug security and the business of pharmaceutical companies which is aimed at tracking where the drug has gone along the drug supply chain. Traditional centralized server-client technical solutions have been far from satisfaction for their bad performances in data authenticity, privacy, system resilience, and flexibility. In this paper, we propose a drug traceability scheme called MB-BC, which realizes the security and traceability of drug data through a novel multibranched blockchain scheme. Different from the characteristics of transparency of traditional blockchains, MB-BC realizes fine-grained access control of data between all levels in the system, which improves the security and privacy of data. MB-BC has further improved the existing consensus mechanism, strengthened the supervision of pharmaceutical companies, and further improved the safety and robustness of the system. Furthermore, the system combines data access strategies with smart contracts; each branch chain can also issue its smart contract to provide personalized services. Finally, security and performance evaluations show that the solution is advantageous in terms of data security, system robustness, supervisibility, and traceability, as well as efficient in terms of blockchain throughput, data query time, and blockchain consensus consumptions, compared with other typical approaches.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Chondroitin Combined with Glucosamine in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhiyao , Wang Rongtian , Yao Hui , Yang Jianying , Chen Yuefeng , Zhu Yuqi , Lu Chao
Published: July 2022

Objective. This analysis was aimed at providing evidence-based medicine basis for systematic evaluation of chondroitin combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chondroitin combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), China VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) online database. The retrieval time ranges from the database creation to the present. Two investigators gathered the information individually. The risk of bias was assessed using the criteria of the Cochrane back review group. RevMan5.4 statistical software analyzed the selected data. Results. A total of 6 RCT articles were obtained. Overall, 764 samples were evaluated by meta-analysis. The clinical efficacy of chondroitin combined with glucosamine was significantly better than that of routine treatment by meta-analysis. The confidence interval of 95% was (4.86, 17.08) (

Z
=
6.89

,

P
<
0.00001

). The scores of joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with chondroitin combined with glucosamine were significantly lower than those treated with routine treatment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between chondroitin combined with glucosamine and single treatment of KOA. Due to the small number of documents included in the analysis, it is not suitable to make a funnel chart, but there may be some publication deviation in the analysis. Conclusion. Chondroitin combined with glucosamine is more effective than chondroitin or glucosamine alone in the treatment of KOA and deserves clinical promotion. However, this conclusion still needs to be supported by multicenter, high-quality, double-blind, large-sample randomized controlled clinical trials due to the limitations of the six trials included.