bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivação para a permanência na profissão: a percepção dos docentes universitários
Authors: Davoglio Tárcia Rita , Spagnolo Carla , Santos Bettina Steren dos
Published: September 2017

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou conhecer os principais aspectos que motivam os docentes da Educação Superior à permanência na carreira. Os dados foram coletados com 26 professores, os quais apontaram os aspectos percebidos como essenciais para a sua permanência, e agrupados segundo os princípios da análise de conteúdo. Emergiram10 categorias, hierarquizadas pela frequência: relação com alunos; formação continuada; gosto/prazer/satisfação pela docência; envolvimento com a pesquisa científica; salário; contribuição social da atuação; ambiente acadêmico, autonomia, segurança/estabilidade/prestígio e desafios/compartilhamento do conhecimento. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz das teorias contemporâneas sobre os processos motivacionais e convergem com a literatura atual sobre a temática. Acreditamos que as categorias que emergiram como motivos para a permanência na carreira docente possam oferecer subsídios empíricos que contribuam para o estabelecimento de correlações entre fatores individuais, contextuais e motivação percebida, úteis na promoção do desenvolvimento e da qualidade da docência na Educação Superior.
Alunos autistas: análise das possibilidades de interação social no contexto pedagógico
Authors: Martins Alessandra Dilair Formagio , Monteiro Maria Inês Bacellar
Published: September 2017

Resumo O estudo tem como tema os processos de significação vividos por sujeitos autistas nas interações sociais que estabelecem com os outros de seu grupo social, problematizando as interações sociais que envolvem a criança autista no contexto pedagógico de uma instituição voltada ao Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica realizada por meio de vídeo-gravação da relação desses sujeitos com o professor e seus pares, que consistiu na observação de 20 episódios de atividades que implicam situações de aprendizado de um grupo de quatro crianças autistas com idades entre 6 e 10 anos, de uma sala de aula caracterizada como de Ensino Fundamental. As discussões e elaboração do material tiveram como base a análise microgenética, constatando possibilidades de desenvolvimento e aprendizado dos alunos autistas nas relações estabelecidas nesse contexto, aspecto que remete a discussão sobre as práticas utilizadas no tratamento desse transtorno que não favorecem as interações sociais.
Mapeamento de competências do psicólogo escolar
Authors: Santos Dielem Cristina Oliveira dos , Menezes Aline Beckmann de Castro , Borba Aécio , Ramos Camila Carvalho , Costa Thiago Dias
Published: September 2017

Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar o mapeamento de competências do psicólogo escolar. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento e análise da produção bibliográfica e de documentos oficiais que discorrem sobre a sua atuação. Durante a análise, foram sugeridas e descritas competências avaliadas como necessárias à atuação deste profissional e após isto, foi contabilizada e organizada a frequência com que as competências apareceram nas diversas publicações analisadas. A partir da identificação de vários modelos de atuação, foram criadas categorias nas quais as competências correspondentes foram dispostas. A grande quantidade de competências identificadas e a necessidade da criação de categorias sugerem uma falta de clareza quanto à atuação do psicólogo escolar. Foi percebido, ainda, um aumento na quantidade de trabalhos elaborados na ultima década na tentativa de delimitar a atuação deste profissional.
Concepções sobre mediação da aprendizagem e relações com indicadores de estresse ocupacional
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiane Aparecida Ferreira Caetano , Paula Kely Maria Pereira de , Silveira Kelly Ambrósio , Silveira Kelly Ambrósio
Published: September 2017

Resumo A mediação da aprendizagem é um processo importante para a alfabetização. Assim, este estudo analisou as relações entre concepções sobre mediação, variáveis pessoais e indicadores de estresse em 36 professores da região metropolitana de Vitória, ES. A partir de um protocolo e de um conjunto de escalas, houve tratamento quantitativo e qualitativo dos dados. Os participantes apresentaram conhecimentos básicos sobre mediação, mas desconheciam a teoria da Experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada - EAM. Cerca de 40% apresentaram alto nível de estresse. Os principais estressores relacionaram-se ao envolvimento dos alunos e às relações com a comunidade ou instituição. Houve correlação negativa entre estresse e satisfação no trabalho e positiva entre satisfação e evocações ligadas às ações do professor como responsáveis pela mediação de qualidade. Sugere-se acesso a teorias sobre mediação da aprendizagem e investimento em políticas públicas visando à satisfação no trabalho, uma possível variável mediadora entre concepções e estresse percebido.
Atuação do psicólogo nos “núcleos de acessibilidade” das universidades federais brasileiras
Authors: Ciantelli Ana Paula Camillo , Leite Lúcia Pereira , Nuernberg Adriano Henrique
Published: September 2017

Resumo O Programa Incluir - Acessibilidade na Educação Superior objetiva o desenvolvimento de políticas institucionais de acessibilidade nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), buscando o desenvolvimento acadêmico de estudantes com deficiência e/ou mobilidade reduzida. Dentre suas ações encontra-se a criação e consolidação dos núcleos de acessibilidade. Este estudo se propõe identificar e discutir as ações da Psicologia nesses núcleos, em especial averiguar como seus coordenadores se manifestam diante desse processo. Participaram 17 coordenadores de núcleos das IFES. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário, via formulário eletrônico. Os resultados identificaram ações para a remoção das barreiras atitudinais realizadas por grande parte desses núcleos, como a efetivação de programas de sensibilização e/ou conscientização, palestras e campanhas. Constatou-se que a Psicologia ocupa papel de destaque, principalmente nas práticas relacionadas aos processos educativos dirigidos aos estudantes com deficiência, favorecendo a permanência de um público ainda pouco presente na Universidade.
Percepções de professores universitários brasileiros sobre as virtudes mais valorizadas no exercício da docência
Authors: Cacciari Marcella Bastos , Guerra Valeschka Martins , Martins-Silva Priscilla Oliveira , Cintra Clarisse Lourenço , Castello Naiara Ferreira Vieira
Published: September 2017

Resumo Disseminam-se atualmente em todo o mundo artigos que colocam em pauta a forma com que os professores sentem e vivenciam a profissão. O presente estudo buscou investigar as virtudes necessárias para ser um bom professor e o quanto os participantes percebem que tais características os descrevem como profissionais. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de pesquisa misto, de forma a contemplar aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos dos fenômenos investigados. Participaram deste estudo 214 professores universitários brasileiros, que responderam um questionário formado por questões sociodemográficas e duas perguntas abertas sobre as virtudes do bom professor. A análise textual foi realizada a partir do software IRAMUTEQ e representada graficamente pela análise de similitude. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as virtudes mais valorizadas no exercício docente foramconhecimento, temperança, justiça e humanidade. Estes resultados ajudam a pensar nas habilidades e competências exigidas na vida acadêmica, assim como na avaliação das práticas docentes.
Análise da cobertura da triagem auditiva neonatal no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Dias Wellyda Cinthya Félix Gomes da Silva , Paschoal Monique Ramos , Cavalcanti Hannalice Gottschalck
Published: September 2017

RESUMO Introdução A Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal (TANU) é o exame de rastreamento recomendado para diagnóstico da perda auditiva. Objetivo Realizar análise espacial da cobertura da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal na Região Nordeste do Brasil e verificar possível associação da cobertura com o número de fonoaudiólogos, maternidades e centros de referência em saúde auditiva. Métodos A população de referência foi de recém-nascidos vivos, registrados no Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Para o levantamento de dados, foram utilizados bancos eletrônicos dispostos nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde. Realizou-se análise espacial exploratória, usando o software TabWin; análise estatística descritiva: distribuição absoluta e relativa e cálculo de média ponderada; analítica, por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer, na qual adotou-se nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados Houve semelhança em todo o Nordeste, quanto à baixa cobertura da TAN. Os maiores índices se concentraram em áreas pontuais e observou-se distribuição homogênea entre os estados. Porém, os estados do Piauí e Paraíba se destacaram quanto à frequência da cobertura nos municípios com o serviço da TAN. Constatou-se associação entre a cobertura e o número de maternidades, fonoaudiólogos e centros de referência em saúde auditiva. Conclusão A baixa cobertura da triagem predomina em todo o território do Nordeste e as melhores coberturas se encontram em áreas peculiares, onde se localizam os grandes centros populacionais. Houve associação com a carência de profissionais fonoaudiólogos inseridos no Sistema Único de Saúde, centros de referência em saúde auditiva e número de maternidades.
Biomass yield in production systems of soybean sown in succession to annual crops and cover crops
Authors: Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Miguel Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São , Silva Rayane Gabriel da , Souza Edicarlos Damacena de , Petter Fabiano André , Kappes Claudinei
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the biomass (leaves and stems) production of annual and cover crops sown as second crop, and its effects on soybean yield in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 crop seasons. Soybean was sown in the crop season and in the second crop, in a randomized complete block design, in nine production systems (treatments) consisting of annual crops (corn, sunflower, and cowpea) and cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria breviflora, C. spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, Stylosanthes sp., and U. brizantha), which were grown in monocropping or intercropping systems, besides fallow as a control. Monocropped P. glaucum and U. ruziziensis showed a faster establishment and growth of plants, higher-total biomass and soil cover rate in the 2014 crop season. In 2015, corn intercropped with U.ruziziensis and C.spectabilis, and sunflower with U.ruziziensis stood out for total biomass production during flowering and after harvesting of corn and sunflower grains. Biomass composition in the systems showed greater proportions of stems than of leaves, and C.spectabilis stood out after senescence. Sown as a second crop, C. spectabilis promotes yield increase of soybean grown in succession in the no-tillage system.
Productivity and quality of Formosa and Solo papaya over two harvest seasons
Authors: Barros Fabíola Lacerda de Souza , Kuhlcamp Karin Tesch , Arantes Sara Dousseau , Moreira Sarah Ola
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and quality of papaya fruits (Carica papaya) of the Solo (12 genotypes) and Formosa (9 genotypes) heterotic groups over two harvest seasons. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pinheiros, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design. Ten morpho-agronomic and physicochemical variables of the fruits were measured in winter (210-300 days after planting) and summer (450-540 days after planting). The data were subjected to the combined analysis of variance, to the breakdown of the genotype x environment interactions, and to the grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. Although harvest season affected the evaluated characteristics, it did not alter the classification of the genotype. In the Solo group, the H 36-45 and UC 15 hybrids stand out due to their greater productivity, fruit weight, and soluble solids contents. In the Formosa group, the Rubi Incaper 511 cultivar shows greater productivity, higher number of commercial fruits, and lower number of deformed fruits over both evaluated harvest seasons.
Milk fatty acid profile of Holstein x Gyr cows on 'Marandu' grass pasture under different grazing strategies
Authors: Silva Bárbara Cardoso da Mata e , Rodriguez Norberto Mario , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Gama Marco Antônio Sundfeld da , Martins Carlos Eugênio , Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos , Gomide Carlos Augusto de Miranda , Anjos Albert José dos , Madeiro Afrânio Silva , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the milk fatty acid (FA) profile of Holstein x Gyr cows subjected to two different grazing managements (fixed and variable rest periods) of Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' pastures. A randomized complete block design was used, with two replicates of pasture areas (blocks) per treatment and four cows per block. Milk production and composition were not affected by grazing strategies. No treatment effects were observed on the proportions (g 100 g-1 of total FA) of the main FAs (palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic) of the pasture, but their intakes (grams per day) were affected by differences in forage dry matter intake. The concentrations of FAs in milk plasma and fat were not affected by the treatments. Milk fat contents of rumenic, vaccenic, oleic, and α-linolenic acids varied from 0.71 to 0.93, 1.40 to 1.50, 19.40 to 19.70, and 0.39 to 0.43 g 100 g-1 total FAs, respectively. Grazing strategies of U.brizantha 'Marandu' cause no changes on the milk fatty acid profile of cows.
Avaliação da organização estrutural das vigilâncias sanitárias municipais de uma Região de Saúde de Pernambuco
Authors: Medeiros Ewerton Handerson Figueiredo de , Machado Michael Ferreira , Pessoa Júnior João Mário
Published: September 2017

Resumo O artigo trata de pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa que objetivou avaliar a estrutura organizacional das vigilâncias sanitárias de 11 municípios que estão inseridos na décima região de saúde do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Constituíram-se como os principais interlocutores do estudo, 11 coordenadores de saúde. Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista baseada em roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados analisados foram obtidos através da técnica “análise de enunciação”, em que a comunicação foi interpretada como um processo, respeitando a lógica do discurso. Os resultados apontaram fragilidade dos serviços municipais de vigilância sanitária diante do processo de descentralização de ações, não conseguindo responder, em sua totalidade, às demandas oriundas do território. Entre os problemas, destacam-se a insuficiência de recursos humanos; inexistência de uma política de educação permanente; dificuldades nas relações interpessoais entre gestores; insuficiência de recursos financeiros; a falta de espaço físico adequado, veículos próprios, instrumentos tecnológicos; dificuldades em desenvolverem ações intersetoriais e no planejamento de instrumentos de gestão. Reconhece-se a necessidade de maior engajamento entre gestores e trabalhadores na busca pela reestruturação de suas ações e práticas cotidianas, com vistas ao funcionamento de forma descentralizada, prezando pela eficiência de seus serviços.
Abuso sexual infantil em laudos psicológicos: as “duas psicologias”
Authors: Oliveira Denise Cabral Carlos de , Russo Jane Araujo
Published: September 2017

Resumo A psicologia é um dos campos e disciplinas que constituiu e molda a categoria “abuso sexual infantil”, tomada no artigo como tipo classificatório construído social e historicamente. O artigo busca analisar esta moldagem em uma prática psicológica, a avaliação realizada no Judiciário e expressa em laudos, a partir de uma pesquisa em processos em Varas de Família e Varas Criminais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. São constatadas, no material pesquisado, duas posturas da psicologia forense, a das Varas de Família, que desloca a categoria com apoio no diagnóstico de alienação parental (ou a conserva, se este diagnóstico não é feito), e a das Varas Criminais, marcada pela exclusão da avaliação do homem acusado e pela ênfase no testemunho de vítimas e acusadores. O homem pode aparecer como um pai vitimado pela alienação parental ou um monstro moralmente desqualificado.
Políticas para o autismo no Brasil: entre a atenção psicossocial e a reabilitação1
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Diniz Castro de , Feldman Clara , Couto Maria Cristina Ventura , Lima Rossano Cabral
Published: September 2017

Resumo O artigo objetiva analisar as divergências apresentadas pelas partes interessadas no processo atual de formulação da política pública para o autismo no Brasil. Como metodologia, realizou-se análise documental de duas cartilhas institucionais, lançadas em 2013 pelo Ministério da Saúde, sobre a assistência ao autismo no Sistema Único de Saúde. De um lado, o documento "Diretrizes de Atenção à Reabilitação da Pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA)" aborda o transtorno como pertencente ao campo das deficiências, propondo o tratamento pela via da reabilitação. De outro, o documento "Linha de Cuidado para a Atenção às Pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo e suas Famílias na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do Sistema Único de Saúde" reconhece o autismo como um transtorno mental, pertencente ao campo de cuidados da atenção psicossocial. Conclui-se que, embora os dissensos teóricos e clínicos representem um importante fator nas controvérsias em questão, estes não aparentam compor o elemento principal do conflito, uma vez que se mostram negociáveis. As discordâncias parecem se concentrar em torno de uma reivindicação, pelos grupos envolvidos, acerca de qual deles seria detentor de maior expertise e legitimação em relação ao autismo, como forma de reconhecê-los como atores-chave na proposição da política pública.
Mapeando espaços virtuais de informação sobre TDA/H e usos do metilfenidato
Authors: Coutinho Tiago , Esher Angela Fernandes , Osorio-de-Castro Claudia Garcia Serpa
Published: September 2017

Resumo O consumo do metilfenidato vem atingindo níveis elevados no Brasil. Além do aumento significativo do diagnóstico de TDAH, transtorno cujo tratamento é realizado com metilfenidato, há indícios que este incremento se deu pela automedicação. Sabe-se que informações da internet, mais especificamente do Facebook, exercem forte influência em padrões de uso, apontando importantes desdobramentos do processo de farmaceuticalização da sociedade. Os objetivos deste artigo são introduzir a metodologia de pesquisa digital, mais especificamente, a aplicação de softwares de extração de dados de redes sociais (Facebook), e por meio dela mapear as informações sobre o uso deste medicamento nessas redes. O conteúdo, de acesso público, foi analisado e categorizado mediante ancoragem da literatura sobre o tema da farmaceuticalização. O mapeamento permitiu observar que o Facebook oferece importantes espaços virtuais para a circulação de informações, com um alcance de aproximadamente 600.000 pessoas. Os espaços representam fóruns de discussões onde as principais controvérsias sobre os usos do metilfenidato são colocadas: diagnóstico, identidade TDAH, resistência ao uso do medicamento, aquisição. Considerando os principais pontos suscitados por este mapeamento, é possível afirmar que, no caso do consumo do metilfenidato, seu uso apresenta aspectos da farmaceuticalização da vida cotidiana.
THE VALIDATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN AN OLD GEODETIC REFERENCE FRAME AND A MODERN REFERENCE FRAME, BY USING EXTERNAL SPACE TECHNIQUES SITES: THE CASE STUDY OF THE HELLENIC GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM OF 1987
Authors: Doukas Ioannis D. , Ampatzidis Dimitrios , Kampouris Vassileios
Published: September 2017

Abstract: Many of the old geodetic reference frames which realized in the previous decades using classical observations carry biases. These biases are mainly caused due to the problematic observations and/or the tectonic motion. That is the case of the official Greek geodetic reference frame which consists of classical and satellite observations. Herein, we present a rigorous approach of the reconstruction of the Greek official reference frame based on the modern geodetic reference frames and their ability to express the spatial position and the dynamic change of the stations. We applied the rigorous approach to ninety stations located in Greece and we compare it with the officially accepted procedure. We found a consistency at 59.4cm between the rigorous and the officially accepted approaches, respectively. The associated mean bias estimation was estimated at 51.4 cm, indicating the resistance of a rather large amount of systematic effects. In addition, the observed discrepancies between the two approaches show great inhomogeneity all over the country.
IN BATHYMETRIC SURFACES: IDW OR KRIGING?
Authors: Ferreira Italo Oliveira , Rodrigues Dalto Domingos , Santos Gérson Rodrigues dos , Rosa Lidiane Maria Ferraz
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The representation of the submerged relief is very importance in diverse areas of knowledge such as Projects to build or reassess port dimensions, installation of moles, ducts, marinas, bridges, tunnels, mineral prospecting, waterways, dredging, silting control of river and lakes, and others. The depths of the aquatic bodies, indispensable for the representation of those, are obtained through the bathymetric surveys. However, the result of a bathymetric sampling is a grid of points that, for itself, it is not capable of generating directly the Digital Model of Depth (DMD), being necessary the use of interpolators. Currently, there are more than 40 available scientific methods of interpolation, each one with its particularities and characteristics. This study has the objective to analise, comparing, the efficiency of Universal Kriging (UK) and of the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) in the computational representation of bathymetric surfaces, varying in a decreasing way the quantity of sample points. Through the results, we can be stated the superiority of the interpolator Universal Kriging in efficiency in creating DMD with basis in the bathymetric surveys data.
Feeding habits of the freshwater crab Sodhiana iranica from Southern Iran
Authors: Sharifian Sana , Kamrani Ehsan
Published: September 2017

Abstract Aim: Freshwater crab, Sodhiana iranica, is an endemic gecarcinucid crab that has been recently reported from Southern Iran. This research examined some feeding aspects of S. iranica from Eelood freshwater spring, Southern Iran. Methods Crabs were randomly sampled from April 2012 to April 2013, on a bimonthly basis. The stomach contents were obtained from 120 exemplars with carapace width ranging from 15.0 to 35.2mm. Results Results showed stomach contents consist of mainly large quantities of plant remains, insects, oligochaetes, crustaceans and also small quantities of unidentifiable matter and debris. Major food groups were observed in different season, with plant remains the most dominant in spring (39.8%), whereas in autumn, the insects and crustaceans were dominant with 38.6% and 23.1%, respectively. The other food items include oligochaetes and debris, were the most abundant in summer (19.0%) and winter (15.5%), respectively. There were no difference observed in the quantity of the food consumed in both sexes and also significant differences observed in the preference for food items in the different season. The CV index varied significantly in both sexes that were ranged between 1.4 to 38.9% and 12.5 to 83.3%, for male and female, respectively. Conclusions Despite the diversity in diets and feeding habits of S. iranica, it was shown an herbivore-biased omnivore mainly rely on plant sources.
Regional assessment of bioeconomy options using the anaerobic biorefinery concept
Authors: Pérez-Camacho María Natividad , Curry Robin
Published: September 2017

One of the outputs on an ongoing programme of research into the bioeconomy concept in Northern Ireland was the publication of a ‘Biogas Research Action Plan’ in 2014, which included a ‘Quantification of Feedstocks for Anaerobic Digestion’ research project. This research quantified the feedstocks available for biogas production on a regional basis. The present research builds on and extends that previous work by applying the anaerobic biorefinery concept to the data for feedstocks for anaerobic digestion to include both biogas and digestate utilisation options. The assessment aims at evaluating the potential significance of anaerobic biorefineries on a regional basis, including types of feedstocks and uses for both biogas and digestate outputs. The use of the anaerobic biorefinery concept allows the evaluation of both biogas and digestate management pathways in an integrated way and can contribute to the development of a road map for a regional bioeconomy. The usefulness of the anaerobic biorefinery concept in informing regional and/or national policy and decision-making for the circular economy and the bioeconomy is evaluated, and recommendations made for future research priorities in this important research and policy area.
Preservando la salud mental
Authors: Melgosa Julián
Published: September 2017

Sin embargo, es posible regular nuestro bienestar mental y emocional,
ejerciendo influencia sobre nuestros pensamientos, sentimientos, deseos y estado de ánimo. Es posible hacer decisiones de suma importancia para la salud mental. Y
manteniendo esas decisiones, gozaremos de un estado mental equilibrado y
alcanzaremos nuestros objetivos. Además, estaremos previniendo la ansiedad, el
desánimo, la culpabilidad, el sentir de inferioridad y otras muchas dolencias de
naturaleza psíquica.
Survival analyses protocol: Killing wolves to prevent predation on livestock may protect one farm but harmneighbors v1
Authors: Santiago-Ávila Francisco , Treves Adrian , Cornman Ari
Published: September 2017

Large carnivores, such as wolves Canis lupus, are difficult to protect in mixed-use landscapes because some people perceive them as dangerous and because they sometimes threaten human property and safety. Governments may respond by killing carnivores in an effort to prevent repeated conflicts or threats, although the functional effectiveness of lethal methods has long been questioned. We evaluated two methods of government intervention following independent events of verified wolf predation on domestic animals (depredation) in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA between 1998-2014, at three spatial scales. We evaluated two intervention methods using log- rank tests and conditional Cox recurrent event, gap time models based on retrospective analyses of the following quasi-experimental treatments: (1) selective killing of wolves by trapping near sites of verified depredation, and (2) advice to owners and haphazard use of non-lethal methods without wolf-killing. The government did not randomly assign treatments with a pseudo-control (no removal of wolves was not a true control), but the federal permission to intervene lethally was granted and rescinded independent of events on the ground. Hazard ratios suggest lethal intervention was associated with a statistically insignificant 27% lower risk of recurrence of events at trapping sites, but offset by a similar 22% statistically insignificant increase in risk of recurrence at sites up to 5.42 km distant in the same year, compared to the non-lethal pseudo-control. Our results do not support the hypothesis that Michigan's use of lethal intervention after wolf depredations was effective for reducing the future risk of recurrence in the vicinities of trapping sites. Examining only the sites of intervention seems incomplete because neighbors of trapping sites may suffer the recurrence of depredations. We propose two new hypotheses for perceived effectiveness: (a) killing predators may be perceived as effective because of the benefits to a small minority of farmers, and (b) if neighbors experience displaced depredations, they may perceive the problem growing and then demand more lethal intervention rather than detecting the apparent displacement of wolves and problems from the first trapping site. Ethical wildlife management guided by the 'best available scientific and commercial data available' would suggest suspending the standard method of trapping wolves in favor of non-lethal methods (livestock guarding dogs or fladry) that have been proven effective in preventing livestock losses in Michigan. Here, we make available our protocol for our statistical survival analysis, in the form of sample STATA Code, for easier replication of the statistical analyses of our study.
Cost Effectiveness of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) versus Conventional Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers in India: A Study Protocol v1
Authors: Singh Chauhan Akashdeep , Prinja Shankar , Ghoshal Sushmita , Verma Roshan
Published: September 2017

Background: The field of cancer cure is flooded with various newer technologies ranging from advanced form of surgeries to new drugs to novel forms of radiotherapy techniques. While the newer forms of radiotherapy i.e., Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) may have the potential of providing improved health outcomes, but they require an additional cost. Thus, it becomes necessary to compare the costs and benefits of a new technology, before considering its inclusion in the current health system. The present study will be done to assess the cost effectiveness of IMRT as compared to the conventional 2 dimensional radiotherapy (2DRT) for the treatment of head and neck cancers (HNCs) in India. Methods: The present study will be a model based effectiveness evaluation. The study will include collecting data on health system cost and out of pocket expenditure incurred on the treatment of HNC, followed by assessment of health outcomes in the form of survival rates and quality of life subsequent treatment with IMRT and 2DRT and finally the development of Markov Model for estimating the incremental cost effectiveness ratio. The present study will be undertaken in the Departments of Radiotherapy and Otolaryngology of a large tertiary care hospital in North India. Health system costs will be assessed using bottom up methodology. Cost of illness approach would be followed for interviewing patients for assessing out of pocket (OOP) expenditure. Patients will be recruited from the Radiotherapy Department, and will be followed up till one year for assessing quality of life weights. Systematic review cum meta-analysis of the existing randomised controlled trials comparing IMRT and 2DRT would be undertaken for assessing pooled survival rates. A Markov model based on the natural history of the progression of HNC will be developed, following societal perspective and lifetime study horizon.
Activity of Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum linn) in protecting gastric ulcer in rats by cold restrain method
Authors: Vaseem Ayesha , Ali Mazher , Afshan Khuteja
Published: September 2017

Background: Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) common household plant, a potent adaptogen has been used for its medicinal property for many years. It is known in Ayurveda as Incomparable one, Mother of medicine of Nature and The Queen of Herbs. The present study evaluated the stress induced anti-ulcer effect of tulsi leaves in albino rats.Methods: Albino rats were randomly, allocated to different experimental groups and aqueous leaf extract of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is given for 7 days. Gastric ulcers were induced by cold restrain methods and results were compared with control using distilled water and standard drug Ranitidine.Results: The Anti-ulcer effect of aqueous extract of Tulsi was significant in a dose dependent manner with cold restraint model. The percentage of ulcer protection of Tulsi leaf extract at dose 100mg/kg is 68.85% and at dose of 200mg/kg showed 65.66% and the standard drug Ranitidine showed 78.23% ulcer protection which is significant (p <0.05).Conclusions: The study showed that when Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is given at dose 100-200mg/kg for 7 days i.e., pre-treatment in rats for anti-ulcer effect, it caused a significant reduction in the ulcer scores and ulcer index when compared with control group, as evidenced by the gross appearance and histological findings of gastric mucosa in rats. There were few signs of mucosal injury and the percentage of damage was less compared to control group. Serosal surface revealed very few dilated blood vessels and petechial hemorrhages and mucosal surface had few ulcers of varying sizes.
Change from baseline as an outcome illustrates escape behaviour of rats in hot plate method
Authors: Pathapati Rama Mohan , Rajesh Kumar Manchi , Kudagi B. L. , Buchineni Madhavulu
Published: September 2017

Background: The Hot Plate test is a thermal hyperalgesia model to assess the analgesic activity of many compounds. Traditional analysis compares reaction times with controls, reports only analgesic activity without considering escape reflex. Escape reflex to pain sensation also provides an indirect measure of analgesic activity. However, it requires repeated exposure of rats to hot plate. We explored the learning activities and escape behaviour of rats by calculating the change from baseline of reaction times.Methods: Male Wister strain albino rats, weighing between 150-200mg were used for assessment of hot-plate induced hyperalgesia. Author analysed the analgesic activity of aspirin (100mg/Kg) and compared with animals receiving saline. Aspirin and saline were administered 1hr orally before the commencement of the experiment. The reaction time was recorded at every 30 min up to 6hrs.Results: With traditional analysis, we can observe that the onset of action, peak action and duration of analgesic activity of aspirin was at 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 hours respectively. Peak inhibition of reaction time was seen at 2 hours with a magnitude of 474%. When we applied a statistical procedure, absolute change from baseline statistics, we found that animals treated with aspirin also exhibited escape reflex after fading of drug response and animals treated with saline demonstrated early (0.5hr) escape behaviour from the hot plate and continued throughout the rest of the experiment.Conclusions: Change from baseline as an outcome illustrates escape behaviour of rats in hot plate method and it should be employed along with percentage inhibition during assessment of analgesic activity.
Prescription pattern of analgesics in outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Authors: Mishra Rajeev , Keshari S. S.
Published: September 2017

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience which is associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in such terms. NSAIDs are most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of pain and inflammation and is most commonly prescribed drug around the world. NSAIDs are also most commonly used drug over the counter. Present study was done to evaluate the prescription pattern of analgesics and to assess the rational use of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and opioid analgesics.Methods: Present study was Cross sectional study, done at outdoor department of Orthopaedics at T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow during January 2017 to April 2017 in a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Both male and female patients, above the age of 18 years, who were willing to participate in this study were enrolled. Samples of 253 prescriptions were screened randomly and verbal informed consent was taken. Data were analysed using MS Excel 2007 and summarized as counts and percentages. Statistical analysis was not done as it was a descriptive study.Results: Most commonly prescribed analgesics were non-selective NSAIDs followed by selective COX-2 inhibitors. Most commonly prescribed FDCs combination was diclofenac with paracetamol.Conclusions: This study shows that diclofenac is the most frequently prescribed analgesic in orthopaedics OPD at this hospital. The extensive use of irrational FDCs must be curtailed. We observed in present study that most of the prescriptions were rational. But there are scopes for improvement by introducing appropriate educational intervention for rational prescribing.
Analgesic use and potential hearing loss: a pharmacovigilance study
Authors: K. N. Meena , S. Dwajani , T. M. Nagaraj , B. N. Roshan Kumar , S. Rajiv
Published: September 2017

Background: Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans today. In India, as per WHO there are approximately 63 million people, who are suffering from significant auditory impairment and estimated prevalence at 6.3% in Indian population. The objective of the study was to determine the potential hearing loss in patients on analgesics.Methods: Prospective, observational study examined the association between analgesic use and potential hearing loss in 30 patients receiving NSAIDS. Data was collected using specialized designed case record form. The clinical signs like onset of tinnitus, appearance of another sound that didn't exist before, sinus infection or a respiratory illness, development of vertigo or spinning sensation were looked for. Audiometry test was advised for all the patients receiving analgesics.Results: Total of 30 patients were included in the study. Male predominance was noted Maximum patients were in the age group between 35-45 years (33.33%). The socioeconomic status was analyzed using revised kuppuswamy scale. 30% (n=09) of patients were in lower class. Majority of the patients were reported with road traffic accidents (n=19; 63.33%) and received analgesics for more than 2 weeks. Patients received different combination of NSAIDs among which aceclofenac was most commonly prescribed. 11 (36.66%) patients had hearing loss received either diclofenac or aceclofenac for more than 25 days.Conclusions: Regular usage of NSAIDS may increase the risk of hearing loss and the impact could be larger on younger individuals. Hence, extra precaution to be taken while prescribing NSAIDS.
To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (drumstick leaves) in albino mice
Authors: Naidu Sushma V. , R. Harsha , S. Jyothsnya
Published: September 2017

Background: To evaluate the anti-convulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (Drum stick leaves) in seizure induced albino mice and to compare it with standard drug Sodium valproate.Methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing around 25-30g were randomly selected and divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1: control- treated with gum acacia. Group 2: Standard - Valproic acid 40mg/kg body weight. Group 3: T1- ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (150mg/kg). Group 4: T2 - ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (300mg/kg). All drugs were administered orally one hour prior to induction of seizure. The anticonvulsant activity was screened using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Abolition of Tonic hind limb extension was taken as the protective end point against MES induced seizures and prolongation of seizure latency in PTZ model.At both the doses the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera significantly (p value <0.05) reduced the duration of hind limb extension in MES test and also significantly (p value <0.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizures in PTZ induced convulsion when compared with control group.Conclusions: On comparing the percentage protection offered by Moringa oleifera leaves against both MES and PTZ model, it possesses significant anticonvulsant activity at both doses, with more efficacy at 300mg/kg BW indicating that the test drug can prove a very promising drug for treatment of epilepsy. Further studies are required for isolation and identification of the active constituent.
Analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis linn with Zingiber officinale rosc in male wistar rats
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Cheekavolu Chakrapani , Leela P. , Nagesh Simhadri V. S. D. N. A. , Kumar M. Naresh , Jagan N.
Published: September 2017

Background: The global scenario, human beings are using various forms of treatment for relief of pain; among them, medicinal plant products have gained popularity because of its wide range of use and less side effects.Methods: Adult Albino rats of either sex were selected and divided into 5 groups. The Eddy’s hot plate was used and maintained temperature (55±0.5ºC), the animals were placed on the hot plate and the time taken for paw licking or jumping was recorded and considered as nociceptive response. The reaction time was observed on 0, 30, 60, and 90 minute.Results: The hot plate reaction time in sec was collected in the intervals of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes in all groups. Reaction times as follows: group III (Cissus quadrangularis Linn.) were 2.18±0.04, 3.13±0.05**, 5.83±0.05**, 5.39±0.04**;  Group IV (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.12±0.03, 4.13±0.04**, 7.43±0.07**, 7.16±0.06**; Group V Cissus quadrangularis Linn+ Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.21±0.75, 4.67±0.98**, 8.15±0.89**, 9.02±0.75**; Group II (Dexamethasone) were 2.14±0.05, 5.53±0.05**, 8.14±0.06**, 10.08±0.10** respectively, Results are presented as mean±SEM, (n=6), *p<0.01, **p<0.05 dunnet test used as compared to control.Conclusions: Present study reveals that, the combination treatment of Zingiber officinale Rosc. + Cissus quadrangularis Linn. has been shown significant analgesic effect. High analgesic effect was observed with combination therapy; the effect was shown same as standard drug dexamethasone.
Venlafaxine induced hepatotoxicity in a carcinoma of breast survivor with co-morbid depression
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Bhagat Nisha
Published: September 2017

Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of liver damage worldwide and raises concerns about its prescription in lieu of the limited drug options available for the depression. Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant with dual neurotransmitter receptor modulations i.e., serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and having an additional benefit in management of vasomotor symptoms especially in menopausal patients where hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated. VEN induced hepatotoxicity have been reported to occur in less than 1% of patients. Until now, less than 11 cases of VEN-related liver injuries have been reported in literature. We hereby, report a rare case of VEN induced liver injury in a 40-year-old breast cancer survivor with co-morbid depression.
Myomectomy in pregnancy: feasibility and safety
Authors: P. Reddi Rani , L. Ashwini Vishalakshi , John Lopamudra B.
Published: September 2017

Prevalence of myoma in pregnancy is increasing due to advances in imaging technology. Majority are asymptomatic. Symptomatic myomas are usually large, increase in size during pregnancy and give rise to various obstetrical complications. Myomectomy during pregnancy is controversial. The management of fibroids encountered during pregnancy and caesarean section is a therapeutic dilemma. Myomectomy during pregnancy and caesarean section is discouraged traditionally due to fear of miscarriage, uncontrolled bleeding, failure to obliterate the cavity, and ending in hysterectomy. Recent literature suggests myomectomy during pregnancy and caesarean section is safe in well selected cases with experienced obstetrician in a tertiary care center.
A recent look for the implication and attitude of practicing female genital mutilation in upper Egypt: a cross sectional study
Authors: A. Mitwaly Abo Bakr , Abd El Aal Diaa Eldeen Mohamed , Aziz Peter A. , Hassanin Ahmed I. , Abbas Ahmed M.
Published: September 2017

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) was defined as the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia for non-medical reasons The Demographic and Health Survey in Egypt in 2000 showed that 97% of married women included in the survey had experienced female genital mutilation.Methods: This is a cross sectional study to evaluate the current prevalence of FGM, current attitude of our society towards it after illegalization of it as a cross sectional survey of Upper Egypt. The most important point in this study is our evaluation of intention of these women whom exposed to FGM toward mutilation of their daughters or not and reasons for that. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 21.Results: The study included 1175 women, from whom 89.1% were circumcised. Type 1 FGM was the most prevalent type practiced in about 58% of participants. Immediate complications occurred in 42.5% of women. Primary hemorrhage during circumcision was the most commonly reported immediate complication among 38.5% of them. Sexual problems were found in 40.5% of participants. Sixty-four women reported occurrence of hepatitis virus infection after the procedure. Moreover, 44 women were suffered from infertility and 72 women had an episode or chronic PID. Women who intend to circumcise their daughters are mostly those coming from rural areas (p=0.000) and housewives (p=0.000). Most of women (45.8%) who have the intent to circumcise their daughters claiming that it is religious based.Conclusions: The prevalence of FGM did not differ between urban and rural or between house wives and employee, lastly did not differ between different educational levels as most of them were encourage it thinking that it is of traditional, religious base and protect the girl from any abnormal sexual excitation. The women who intent not circumcise their daughters were from low educational level in its highest percentage and this was explained by occurrence of higher percentage of complications in spite of the highest percentage of operator was physician.
Can we predict birth asphyxia of neonates born from PPROM women?
Authors: Fattah Adly Nanda Al , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Sungkar Ali , Prameswari Natasya
Published: September 2017

Background: To develop a simple and accurate method of predicting birth asphyxia of neonates born from preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) women utilizing clinical parameters that are generally available before delivery in the practical setting.Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted at single tertiary hospital in Jakarta between January and December 2013. Subjects were PPROM women with singleton live pregnancy who had their delivery on 24 to 34 weeks of gestational age (GA). Primary outcome was birth asphyxia defined by 5th minutes APGAR score < 7. The variables studied were leukocyte counts, gestational age at PPROM, clinical chorioamnitis, severe preeclampsia, mode of delivery, and PPROM-admission duration. Prediction model was developed using logistic regression analysis.Results: One hundred and seventy five out of 380 PPROM women registered in our database met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of BA was 14.29% (25/175). The cutoff value for maternal leukocyte counts and gestational age to predict birth asphyxia was respectively 12,450/mm3 (area under the curve 0.68, 95%CI 0.57-0.80) and 32 weeks (area under the curve 0.81, 95%CI 0.70-0.92). A prediction model was developed consisted of GA at PPROM < 32 weeks of GA (OR=9.58, 95%CI 3.32 – 27.62) and maternal leukocyte counts > 12,450/mm3 (OR=3.6, 95%CI 1.11-11.63), (Final AUC=0.82 (95%CI 0.74-0.89). Clinical chorioamnitis, severe preeclampsia, mode of delivery, PPROM-admission duration was not associated with birth asphyxia.Conclusions: A prediction model to predict BA among PPROM women at 24-34 weeks GA was developed consisted of GA at PPROM and maternal leukocyte counts at patient’s admission.