bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az őskori ember kapcsolata a nyersanyagforrásokkal: módszertani megfontolások
Authors: Mester Zsolt , Faragó Norbert , Király Attila
Published: November 2024

Based on the approaches mentioned in the previous chapter, especially the French palaeoethnological approach, we turned to new approaches in the understanding of prehistoric raw material management. Many factors influence the relationship of a community – be it hunter-gatherers or food producers – with the raw material resources located within its physical or virtual territory. The first factor is whether the group knows about the existence of the resource. The second factor is whether the resource is accessible to the community. The third factor is whether the source can be exploited for the community which is dependent upon their technology. The fourth factor is whether the raw material is suitable for use by them. After weighing the listed factors, a prehistoric community decided which of the possible sources was considered a source of raw materials. Our Occurrence–Source–Archaeological site (OSA) model helps to describe the interaction between siliceous rock resources and humans. Any place where stone suitable for knapping can be found is considered to be an Occurrence. If the lithic raw material from an occurrence is found in the archaeological material, we call it a Source, as it was utilized by humans. All places where remains of human activity are found are usually considered Archaeological sites. This provides a dynamic framework for examining the relationship between people and raw material sources.
Exploring Pre-Service Teachers' Understanding of Join and Separate Word Problems in the Foundation Phase (Grades 1-3).
Authors: Cheva Gift , Mapotse Tomé Awshar
Published: November 2024

This study explores pre-service teachers’ understanding of different types of join and separate word problems, focusing on their ability to construct word problems from given number sentences. It is a descriptive qualitative study. The participants were second-year pre-service foundation phase teachers taking mathematics learning courses at a public university. Data were collected through number sentence tasks and analysed using a qualitative content analysis procedure. The findings of this study revealed that pre-service teachers demonstrated challenges in correctly formulating word problems from change-unknown and start-unknown scenarios. The findings further reveal that pre-service teachers conflate additive and subtractive reasoning. The findings suggest that pre-service teachers rely on rote memory rather than a deeper understanding of mathematical relations. In addition, the study revealed common misconceptions, particularly in framing “change-unknown” and “result-unknown” problems, where pre-service teachers struggled to model real-life contexts accurately. Findings suggest the need for teacher education programs to focus more explicitly on developing a deep understanding of word problem structure. Initial teacher education programs should include word problem formulation and problem-solving tasks in all five mathematics learning areas, thereby underlining the importance of this research
Communication Method in Memorizing Short Surahs at Quranic School
Authors: Mappanyompa  , Affandi Shabibah Bint Shaufit , Rahmawati Endang , Sahwan
Published: November 2024

Communication allows individuals to express feelings, emotions, and opinions. Without communication, it would not be possible for the process of social interaction to occur, either individually or in groups. This study explored the communication method for memorizing short surahs, especially Juz Amma, at Taman Pendidikan Quran (the Quranic school). This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach in the field, where data collection is through observation, interviews, and documentation, which then involves three components of data analysis used, namely the Miles and Huberman interactive model approach, which includes the stages of data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. This study was conducted by collecting data from 10 ustadz and 30 students who were memorizing Juz Amma within a data collection period of six months, from January to June 2024. The results of this study found that the communication methods in memorizing short surahs, especially Juz Amma in the Quran education park, are divided into four, namely 1) Verbal communication, where the ustadz and ustadzah act as communicators who convey messages and the students as communicants who receive messages and respond to messages, such as pronouncing Juz Amma verses, questions and answers about tajwid learning, and delivering sermons. 2) Non-verbal communication, kinesis (body language); through eye contact, touch, gesture, posture, emotion, facial expression, and paralinguistic (vocal); through voice quality, volume, and speed of voice when the learning and memorization process takes place. 3) Steps before memorizing Juz Amma, such as sincere intentions, managing time, and learning tajwid and Tahsin. 4) Using the correct method according to the abilities of the students, namely, the wahdah method (repeating), and the jama’ method (reading together).
О влиянии на цикл деградации оптического кабеля метода восстановления связи путем соединения кабеля в месте обрыва
Authors: Квиткова Ирина , Шувалов Вячеслав , Зеленцов Борис
Published: November 2024

В процессе эксплуатации на оптоволоконный кабель действуют различные факторы, которые приводят к отказам. Обычно считается, что наиболее слабым звеном в оптическом кабеле является оптоволокно, и поэтому в статье рассматриваются именно отказы оптоволокна. Гарантийный срок службы оптоволокна, который задается производителем, равен 25 годам. В настоящее время на многих участках трасс, где проложен оптический кабель, срок его эксплуатации уже превышает гарантийный, и встает вопрос о его замене на новый. Как правило, срок службы оптического кабеля превышает гарантийный срок службы, т.к. кабель в процессе эксплуатации подвергается техническому обслуживанию и ремонту. В данной статье предложена методика расчета цикла деградации оптоволоконного кабеля, определяющего время его замены на новый, учитывающая действие постепенных и внезапных отказов. Причиной постепенных отказов является старение оптического кабеля и рост ослабления сигнала, в результате чего возникает деградационный отказ (снижение уровня принимаемого сигнала ниже критического), который приводит к замене оптического кабеля. Появление внезапного отказа, вызванного посторонним вмешательством, сопровождается ремонтными работами по соединению кабеля в месте обрыва. Появление каждого нового соединения приводит к дополнительному ослаблению сигнала и сокращению времени цикла деградации. Для обнаружения внезапных отказов проводится периодический контроль технического состояния оптоволокна. В рамках предложенной методики предполагается, что цикл деградации оптического кабеля разбивается на состояния деградации определенной длительности, которые, в свою очередь, состоят из интервалов проверки состояния оптоволокна в кабеле. При этом рассматриваются математические модели с применением полумарковских процессов, отражающие состояние оптического кабеля на одном периоде проверки, в одном состоянии деградации, на цикле деградации. Также получены выражения и зависимости, показывающие, как влияют внезапные и постепенные отказы на сокращение продолжительности цикла деградации оптического кабеля.
Industrial cultural heritage: Transport infrastructure in mines in Slovakia/Hungary at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century and its presentation in period media
Authors: Augustínová Eva , Pitoňáková Slavka , Somr Matej
Published: November 2024

the study deals with the issue of mining transport technology and its use in mines in Slovakia and Hungary at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It focuses on the analysis and comparison of the transport infrastructure used in these mines, either as original Slovak inventions or as products of foreign provenance. The research is based on the analysis of monographic and periodical press production from this period, where these technological achievements were presented and discussed. In addition, the study examines the media presentation of these products in the contemporary traditional periodical press. The findings of the study offer an important historical perspective on the development of mining transport technology and related industries in the region and contribute to the understanding of the media presentation and promotion of mining technology. This research is in line with the objectives of the “CultureMind” project, which focuses on the promotion and promotion of cultural heritage through media and education.
Classification system from Optical Coherence Tomography using transfer learning
Authors: Asvial Muhamad , Silalahi Tobias Ivandito Margogo , Laagu Muh. Asnoer
Published: November 2024

This research aims to create a decision support system to identify retinal diseases using a four-class classification problem. To achieve this, the proposed system uses deep learning architecture to automatically recognize CNV, DME, and drusen from OCT images. The model employs two transfer learning architectures with several additional layers to classify retinal diseases. The purpose of model training, validation, and testing, the experiment uses 6,000 grayscale images labeled into four classes from the OCT data set. The Inception V3 model’s proposed additional layer exhibits an increase in accuracy of 3.08% and a reduction in the loss by 0.3767. The experiment’s results indicate that the Inception V3 model achieved an accuracy rate of 99.31%, and the VGG-16 model reached 98.83%, which outperformed other deep learning models using the OCT data set.
Comparison of MPPT optimization methods for P&O and PSO solar panels to overcome partial shading
Authors: Simanjuntak Imelda Uli Vistalina , Haidi Junas , Putra Ricky Fajar Ade , Silalahi Lukman Medriavin
Published: November 2024

Solar panels in enclosed areas are prone to suboptimal absorption of sunlight due to unstable sunshine. Two methods to optimize solar panel efficiency are available: dynamic and static. The dynamic method involves moving the panels towards the sun to maximize solar irradiation, while the static method uses a power converter to find the maximum power point. This research evaluates the performance of the MPPT system, which uses the P&O method with PSO, on solar panels. The objective is to determine the most appropriate MPPT algorithm to optimize the efficiency of solar panels. The MPPT system’s efficiency is tested under partial shading conditions of 100 w/m2, 300 w/m2, and 500 w/m2. The system’s output is evaluated based on the highest efficiency parameter value. The efficiency of the P&O and PSO methods is compared, and the most optimal efficiency is determined. The MPPT system is designed to measure parameters that are demonstrated qualitatively.
Advancements and challenges in extraction and determination of pesticide residues in soya products
Authors: Szarka Agneša , Vidová Barbora , Viktoryová Nicolette , Hrouzková Svetlana
Published: November 2024

Soya beans, a vital source of protein, oil, and dietary fibre, are cultivated extensively, with a growing demand since 1950. However, the extensive use of pesticides in soya bean cultivation poses potential risks to human health and the environment, especially given the lack of strict regulations for maximum residue levels in soya-based products within the European Union. This study provides a comprehensive overview of isolation and determination methods of pesticide residues from soya products, emphasising the challenges posed by the high-fat content of soya beans. Various chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry are discussed for their efficacy in pesticide residues analysis. The manuscript also reviews sample preparation techniques, with a focus on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, and its modifications to enhance extraction and purification efficiency. Additionally, the study explores the application of liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction in the analysis of soya oil and beverages and innovative methods, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion, for comprehensive pesticide residue analysis. This review highlights the importance of multiresidue analytical methods in ensuring the safety of soya products thereby supporting regulatory compliance and public health protection.
Labelling the Carbon Footprint as a Strategic Element of Environmental Assessment of Agricultural Systems
Authors: Niemiec Marcin , Komorowska Monika , Atilgan Atilgan , Abduvasikov Abduaziz
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the potential use of the carbon footprint for the environmental evaluation of agricultural systems. Carbon footprint analysis in agriculture has a strategic dimension in terms of sustainable food production. Reducing the negative impact of agriculture on climate change is a key element of many quality management systems and is included in the legislation of many countries. One of the challenges in calculating the carbon footprint is the lack of clear methodologies for determination of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at this stage. Normative documents highlight the need to consider all areas of GHG emissions, but in practice, this is exceedingly difficult due to the specific characteristics of plant production, which takes place under variable conditions related to soil type, its properties, chemical composition, climate, and production technology. Based on a review of the scientific literature, it was concluded that the carbon footprint studies of specific agricultural systems and evaluations of technology improvements (implementing actions to compensate for anthropogenic pressure) should be conducted within an individual system boundary. The system boundary should be developed based on the process map created in accordance with the guidelines of ISO 31000:2018. Most of the input data used in the calculations must be standardized due to the range of parameters dependent on the natural, geographical, and infrastructural conditions of the production location.
Determining the Reliability Level by Combining FMEA, FTA and Dematel Tools
Authors: Bujna Marián , Prístavka Miroslav , Lee Chia Kuang , Strápeková Zuzana , Kapela Krzysztof , Malicevic Zoran
Published: November 2024

The aim of the paper was to determine the level of reliability of a carousel type device. Considering the improvement of reliability, we decided to use the basic tools of FMEA and FTA. Using FMEA, we identified the most critical part of the equipment, namely welding (RPN=320). The proposed measure only solved the improvement of detection. Based on the FMEA analysis, we chose the TOP event for FTA - bad weld. The detected probability of peak event failure by quantitative FTA analysis was at the level of 0.58%. We identified the basic events leading to the TOP event, i.e. an allowed sonotrode, incorrect position of the membrane during sampling, short welding time and insufficient weld depth. Subsequently, reliability indicators were quantified. We achieved almost 100% availability values. Despite this, the aim was to find out a more comprehensive level of reliability and follow up findings from FMEA. We used the DEMATEL model and our own proposed economic model. Using the DEMATEL model, we found out that short welding time and an insufficient weld depth are the causative modes, that means, they significantly influence other failure modes and do so with a high significance. The creation of an economic evaluation model based on the quantification of direct costs for failure modes with the consequences of a certain number of defective products contributed to the fact that we again determined that the failure modes short welding time and insufficient depth are the modes with the highest priority for solving the bad weld event. The costs incurred as a result of their occurrence and as a result of the occurrence of downtime were the highest with these regimes. These models create space for us to more effectively design measures to improve the level of reliability and production quality, what is a prerequisite for ensuring a reduction in downtime, an increase in production quality and reliability, and an overall cost reduction. This also leads to an increase in the reputation of manufacturers.
Physical Properties of Plant Extracts with Biostimulant Potential Produced Using Cold Plasma and Low-Pressure Microwave Discharge
Authors: Krawczuk Anna , Ogrodniczek Jacek , Bohata Andrea , Bartos Petr , Olšan Pavel , Findura Pavol , Kocira Sławomir
Published: November 2024

The changing climate, causing more frequent abiotic stresses, has generated interest in products that can mitigate the negative impacts of these changes. One such group of preparations includes plant extracts with biostimulant potential, produced using various methods and techniques, including cold plasma and low-pressure microwave discharge. However, there is limited research on how production methods and techniques affect the physical properties of biostimulants, such as density, viscosity, and surface tension. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the manufacturing process on these properties. The biostimulant was produced via hot water extraction using either cold plasma or low-pressure microwave discharge. Results showed that neither method reduced the surface tension of the biostimulants, but they significantly influenced the viscosity and density. Given these changes in physical properties, further research on droplet spectrum and plant coverage during application is necessary to determine the optimal technical parameters for effective spraying.
The Effect of the Tunnel Spraying Technique and Nozzle Type on the Spray Deposit and Drift During Spray Application in Strawberries in Ground Cultivation
Authors: Godyń Artur , Doruchowski Grzegorz , Hołownicki Ryszard , Świechowski Waldemar , Masny Agnieszka , Michalecka Monika , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: November 2024

The measurements of spray deposit on filter paper samples attached to strawberry leaves and spray drift to the ground up to the distance of 7.5 m from the sprayed strawberry plants were performed. A multitunnel type tunnel sprayer (Klip Klap, Denmark) and an AGROLA mounted field crop sprayer with a 10 m boom were used. Four types of nozzles were used representing single- or double-jet flat-fan nozzles. The tracer (BSF) deposit on the upper leaves surfaces was generally higher for the field crop sprayer (14,775.0–23,205.5) than for the tunnel sprayer (6,189.4–12,417.7 ng·cm−2). The deposit on the lower surfaces of leaves was 1.9 to 18.0 times lower than on the upper surfaces and ranged from 540.6–1599.4 ng·cm−2 for the tunnel sprayer to 893.9–3007.1 ng·cm−2 for field crop sprayer. There was no significant effect of double-jet nozzles on the deposition on the lower surfaces and on the uniformity of application (CV% and U/L). The spray drift differed significantly between the tested sprayers. For the field crop sprayer, the drift up to the distance of 7.5 m beyond the sprayed area ranged 0.89–6.31% of the applied spray dose, while for the tunnel sprayer it was not more than 0.07%.
Identification of Key Research Areas of Industry 5.0 Based on Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Grabowska Sandra , Saniuk Sebastian , Sługocki Waldemar , Fahlevi Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Ten years after the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept, which aimed to revolutionize industry and dehumanize production systems, trends and directions in industrial development are evolving. There is a shift away from viewing technology development solely as a means to increase productivity and production flexibility, towards building a future based on core values. The European Commission has identified key pillars that should be emphasized when considering contemporary industrial development. These pillars include a human-centric approach, sustainable economic growth, and the development of the economy’s resilience to crises. The new concept of Industry 5.0 focuses on the digital transformation of the economy by prioritizing socio-economic well-being, environmental sustainability, and human safety. Based on a bibliometric literature analysis and a systematic literature review, this article aims to identify key research areas related to the implementation of the Industry 5.0 concept. In addition, in the article, the authors made their own assessment of the impact of the identified research areas on achieving the social, economic and environmental goals of implementing the Industry 5.0 concept.
Investigation of users’ opinions, perceptions and attitudes towards the use of artificial intelligence in online learning environments
Authors: Aydemir Hamza , Seferoğlu Süleyman Sadi
Published: November 2024

The impact and importance of AI are being increasingly recognised, although there are still uncertainties regarding its innovative potential. These same uncertainties and effects are also evident in educational contexts. In this study, teacher, student and parents’ opinions, perceptions and attitudes towards the use of AI in online education were examined through a systematic review of the literature on AI applications in online learning environments. Quantitative data on AI studies in education, the role of AI in education and teacher, student and parents’ opinions, perceptions and attitudes towards AI were compiled. The study outcomes present an overview of AI’s role in education and offer recommendations for researchers in this field. In line with the findings, the role of AI in education is divided into six categories, namely ‘chatbot, content, learning assistant, learning incentive, measurement and evaluation, and early warning system’. The study’s results indicate that students hold favourable opinions towards AI applications, particularly in relation to chatbots, adaptive learning techniques and automatic assessment methods. They appreciate the support, friendship and easy use of chatbots. Students perceive AI as a tool that enhances learning experiences, increases motivation and engagement, and improves learning outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning and Decision Tree Approaches for Predicting Aircraft Engine Remaining Useful Life
Authors: Madjour Hassina , Zermane Hanane , Rahmouni Djemaa , Mouss Mohammed Djamel
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is crucial for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), particularly in predictive maintenance strategies aimed at ensuring the reliability of industrial systems. This study compares two approaches for RUL prediction of aircraft engines: a deep learning-based one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN-1D) and a traditional Decision Tree (DT) algorithm, using data from the C-MAPSS dataset. The results show that the CNN-1D model significantly outperforms the DT model, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 21.44 on the training set and 27.12 on the test set, compared to the DT model’s RMSE of 23.83 and 28.93, respectively. These findings highlight the superior capability of deep learning techniques in RUL estimation, underscoring their importance in PHM and predictive maintenance applications.
Citation distributions and research evaluations: The impossibility of formulating a universal indicator
Authors: Rodríguez-Navarro Alonso
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To analyze the diversity of citation distributions to publications in different research topics to investigate the accuracy of size-independent, rank-based indicators. The top percentile-based indicators are the most common indicators of this type, and the evaluations of Japan are the most evident misjudgments.

Design/methodology/approach

The distributions of citations to publications from countries and journals in several research topics were analyzed along with the corresponding global publications using histograms with logarithmic binning, double rank plots, and normal probability plots of log-transformed numbers of citations.

Findings

Size-independent, top percentile-based indicators are accurate when the global ranks of local publications fit a power law, but deviations in the least cited papers are frequent in countries and occur in all journals with high impact factors. In these cases, a single indicator is misleading. Comparisons of the proportions of uncited papers are the best way to predict these deviations.

Research limitations

This study is fundamentally analytical, and its results describe mathematical facts that are self-evident.

Practical implications

Respectable institutions, such as the OECD, the European Commission, and the U.S. National Science Board, produce research country rankings and individual evaluations using size-independent percentile indicators that are misleading in many countries. These misleading evaluations should be discontinued because they can cause confusion among research policymakers and lead to incorrect research policies.

Originality/value

Studies linking the lower tail of citation distribution, including uncited papers, to percentile research indicators have not been performed previously. The present results demonstrate that studies of this type are necessary to find reliable procedures for research assessments.
Gauging scholars’ acceptance of Open Access journals by examining the relationship between perceived quality and citation impact
Authors: Walters William H.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

For a set of 1,561 Open Access (OA) and non-OA journals in business and economics, this study evaluates the relationships between four citation metrics—five-year Impact Factor (5IF), CiteScore, Article Influence (AI) score, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)—and the journal ratings assigned by expert reviewers. We expect that the OA journals will have especially high citation impact relative to their perceived quality (reputation).

Design/methodology/approach

Regression is used to estimate the ratings assigned by expert reviewers for the 2021 CABS (Chartered Association of Business Schools) journal assessment exercise. The independent variables are the four citation metrics, evaluated separately, and a dummy variable representing the OA/non-OA status of each journal.

Findings

Regardless of the citation metric used, OA journals in business and economics have especially high citation impact relative to their perceived quality (reputation). That is, they have especially low perceived quality (reputation) relative to their citation impact.

Research limitations

These results are specific to the CABS journal ratings and the four citation metrics. However, there is strong evidence that CABS is closely related to several other expert ratings, and that 5IF, CiteScore, AI, and SJR are representative of the other citation metrics that might have been chosen.

Practical implications

There are at least two possible explanations for these results: (1) expert evaluators are biased against OA journals, and (2) OA journals have especially high citation impact due to their increased accessibility. Although this study does not allow us to determine which of these explanations are supported, the results suggest that authors should consider publishing in OA journals whenever overall readership and citation impact are more important than journal reputation within a particular field. Moreover, the OA coefficients provide a useful indicator of the extent to which anti-OA bias (or the citation advantage of OA journals) is diminishing over time.

Originality/value

This is apparently the first study to investigate the impact of OA status on the relationships between expert journal ratings and journal citation metrics.
Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Patient’s Quality of Life – A Review
Authors: Duszyńska Kamila , Dolepski Karol , Góral Alicja , Żuk Krystian , Czachajda Michał
Published: November 2024

Background:
Nowadays, the need to increase patients’ quality of life in terms of their mental and physical health is increasingly being discussed. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease continues to rise, and it is associated with the creation of many difficulties for these patients that interfere with their daily lives.

Objectives:
The purpose of this work was to summarize challenges that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have to deal with on a daily basis, and to assess the impact of these problems on their quality of life.

Material and methods:
This paper was written based on a review of the knowledge contained in scientific studies conducted around the world. We have drawn conclusions guided by recent reports that address various aspects of daily life of IBD patients.

Results:
Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by persistent and recurrent symptoms mainly from the gastrointestinal tract, but also from other organs. This leads to deterioration of patients’ mental health and can be a risk factor for psychological disorders. Changes in the body and the treatment used make it difficult for patients to function on a daily basis. All the issues raised are reflected in the assessment of the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:
The multifaceted nature of inflammatory bowel disease, which affects many aspects of patients’ lives, reduces their quality of life.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Students of the Medical University of Lodz Regarding Legal Aspects of Organ Transplantation in Poland. A Cross- sectional Study
Authors: Pawełczyk Małgorzata , Znyk Małgorzata , Kostrzewski Szymon , Kaleta Dorota
Published: November 2024

Background:
Nowadays, the transplantation of organs, tissues, and cells is a popular medical technique, but it still raises conflicting opinions in society.

Objectives:
The study aimed to analyze the knowledge and attitudes of students of the Medical University of Lodz regarding legal aspects in the field of organ transplantation.

Material and methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2024 as part of a bachelor’s thesis. The study involved 274 undergraduate and graduate students at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Medical University of Lodz. The anonymous survey consisted of two parts: the first part contained questions about general knowledge about the legal aspects of transplantation and attitudes toward transplantation, and the second part of the questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic data (gender, education, degree of studies, and place of residence).

Results:
The level of students’ knowledge in the field of transplantology is average. Almost all respondents (95%) stated that society needs knowledge about transplantation. About 70% of students would consent to having their organs harvested after death to save the lives of other people. A similarly high result (73%) concerns becoming a living donor for a loved one. The large majority (81%) of respondents supported harvesting organs from deceased persons and transplanting them to other people to save lives. A greater chance of having high knowledge about transplantation was observed among female students (OR = 4.32; p < 0.001) and students living in large cities (OR = 3.92; p < 0.01) and small towns (OR = 5.2; p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
There is a need to promote ideas and knowledge in the field of transplantology among students of medical universities as future healthcare workers.
Deterrence strategies for a small state: Analysis and survey
Authors: Keinonen Maria
Published: November 2024

Classical deterrence theory has its origins in the era of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race between the USA and the Soviet Union. Therefore, deterrence is mainly studied from the perspective of the superpowers. This study approaches deterrence from the less explored perspective of a small country by analysing academic deterrence literature and further deepening this perspective by means of a survey. As a result, the study produced a new view of how a small state can be positioned in modern deterrence theories, by introducing national and international enabling and preventive factors. The main findings of the research suggest that national enabling factors, such as a strong national defence and the resilience of the society, are important for a small state in terms of compensating for the deficit in influence in relation to superpowers. Limited options for building deterrence can be augmented by means of international enabling factors, such as military and political alliances. Deficits in terms of available military resources and international status could translate into national preventive factors, such as weakness in the eyes of the aggressor. The aggressor’s political intentions and history could appear as international preventive factors if they influence decision-making in an undesirable manner.
Historical processes of chemical blackening of steel and their corrosion resistance
Authors: Rapouch Karel , Trčka Josef , Selucká Alena , Foret Lukáš
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the evaluation of historical acid blackening of steel in terms of their applicability to historical objects, such as tin-soldered multi-barrelled firearms, where the alkaline bath blackening method cannot be used. The acid blackening method was also compared with the alkaline hot bath blackening method used nowadays, both on the conversion layer itself and in combination with a preservative agent. The procedures were tested on low carbon steel samples and fragments of damaged historic steel barrels. The quality of the surface treatment was evaluated both in terms of visual appearance and corrosion resistance. The corrosion properties were evaluated both by a condensation chamber test and by electrochemical methods such as polarization resistance measurements or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Displaced Memories: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya
Authors: Stevens Quentin
Published: November 2024

This paper reflects on Malaysia’s twin capital cities – Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya – drawing on diverse insights about cities, images, absence and memory from Calvino’s Invisible Cities. The paper examines the contrasting spaces, aesthetics and symbolism of Malaysia’s two adjacent capitals. It explores how Malaysian identity and memory are framed within these cities’ historical, cultural and geographical contexts: their landscape settings of jungle and water; their translation of particular architectural and urbanistic styles; and their cemeteries. It examines how Kuala Lumpur’s commemorative sites have been displaced and transformed over time. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are explored as an illustration of Calvino’s idea of ‘Twofold Cities’: places that are described, and function, in relation to their twin, their opposite, or their bifurcation. Malaysia’s capital cities are also used to illustrate two themes that frame Calvino’s dialogue between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan: Cities and Empire, and Cities and the Orient.
Abastecimento Alimentar dos Mercados Institucionais pela Agricultura Familiar em Mato Grosso do Sul Visto pelos Casos de Duas Organizações Coletivas
Authors: Marques Pitaluga Christiane , Le Bourlegat Cleonice Alexandre Le Bourlegat , De Moraes Scaglia Ariel de Moraes Scaglia
Published: November 2024

As políticas públicas de apoio à expansão da agricultura familiar vêm ao longo das décadas se fortalecendo e uma das consequências consiste na formação de ações coletivas em torno das cooperativas e associações. Diante deste contexto, surgiram diálogos que motivaram a investigação acerca dos mercados institucionais e do acesso a este por meio das cooperativas e associações. O trabalho objetiva investigar a produção e a distribuição de gêneros alimentícios em MS vinculadas a duas instituições: COPRAN e Associação Broto Frutos para o abastecimento dos mercados institucionais. A metodologia está apoiada em pesquisas bibliográficas, quanto aos objetivos é exploratória e descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos agentes envolvidos no processo, realizada “in loco”. Os resultados apontaram que os desafios a serem transpostos são de grande envergadura, porém foram também constatadas potencialidades no que se refere à comercialização e abastecimento aos mercados institucionais e estas se configuram como elementos que fortalecem as dinâmicas de consumo. Concluiu-se que a prioridade das cooperativas e associações para o atendimento aos mercados institucionais, frente aos produtores isolados, constitui-se como das uma das grandes vantagens para a formação de ações coletivas, como a COPRAN e a Broto Frutos. Por fim, para os cooperados e associados a comercialização com tais mercados oportuniza a garantia de geração de renda complementar, fato este que contribui decisivamente com a expansão e dinamismo das economias locais e com a segurança alimentar.
IDE MANUSIA TERBELENGGU MENURUT SWAMI VIVEKANANDA DAN ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER SERTA IMPLIKASI ETISNYA
Authors: Tampubolon Guruh David Agus
Published: November 2024

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) mengatakan manusia ditakdirkan untuk bertindak bebas. Plautus di tahun 195 SM mengatakan manusia adalah serigala bagi sesamanya manusia, dengan kata lain manusia cenderung terbelenggu untuk berkehendak jahat ketimbang sebaliknya. Para filsuf terbelah pada kubu yang lebih optimis atau lebih pesimis dalam memandang manusia. Swami Vivekananda dan Arthur Schopenhauer sama-sama memiliki pandangan yang pesimistis atas kehidupan dan manusia. Artikel ini berfokus untuk menelaah ide Schopenhauer dan Vivekananda mengenai manusia terbelengu. Serta akhirnya penulis ingin mengetahui implikasi etis yang dihasilkan jika bertolak dari pandangan mereka yang berkesesuaian? Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, eksplanatif, dan studi kepustakaan. Arthur Schopenhauer melihat kehidupan sebagai penderitaan yang tak berujung dan ini bersumber dari noumena Kehendak yang tidak rasional dan kehidupan yang seperti komedi dan tragedi. Ia sendiri juga mengakui terinspirasi oleh ajaran-ajaran Hindu Vedanta. Swami Vivekananda selaku tokoh penting pembawa Vedanta ke Eropa pernah mengkritisi Schopenhauer perihal natur dari “kehendak.” Namun demikian Vivekananda juga memiliki pesimisme terkait manusia dengan adanya maya, pengetahuan dan manas manusia yang terbelengu, karma, samsara, klesa, serta trinitas ketidaktahuan, kehendak, dan ketidaksetaraan. Oleh sebab itu sekalipun tidak sama persis dalam hal natur kehendak manusia, Vivekananda dan Schopenhauer sama-sama menekankan adanya ide manusia terbelenggu. Implikasi etisnya manusia membutuhkan kesadaran untuk menyelesaikan sendiri pergumulan moralnya atau determinasi penyadaran dari yang bukan dirinya.
Evaluating the effectiveness of an algorithmic strategy for implementing the Lean concept using modern innovative tools
Authors: Momot Roman Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is a methodological toolkit that allows evaluating the effectiveness of the processes of implementing elements of a lean production system. The object of the study is small (micro) enterprises that provide transport and logistics services and implement elements of a lean manufacturing system. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological tools that are simple enough to be used in conditions of limited capabilities of small and micro enterprises in the field of transport and logistics services. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as issues related to determining the effectiveness of the processes of implementing the concept of lean manufacturing, which always remain in the focus of attention of researchers and remain relevant. At the same time, most modern methodological developments require the use of a set of rather complex and time-consuming calculations that are appropriate for use in large and medium-sized companies, while for small, and especially micro-enterprises, these recommendations may be unacceptable.  The research methodology includes a systematic approach, conceptual modeling, graphical, comparative and statistical analysis, the combination of which allowed us to achieve the necessary level of factual reliability and reasonableness of conclusions. The main conclusions of the study are that the introduction of individual elements and tools of lean manufacturing in accordance with the stages of the proposed system algorithm (algorithmized strategy) significantly increased the productivity of the company's employees and increased the number of customers served, as well as led to changes in other economic indicators. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the construction of a conceptual model of the Transport and logistics system (TLS) of the enterprise, which includes specially developed in accordance with the individual characteristics of the organization: the idea, goals, objectives, six basic principles of building a TLS, eight principles of forming a lean approach, a basic set of tools and methods, organizational and managerial culture, a list of basic potential losses, a seven-stage sequential system implementation algorithm (algorithmized strategy) and transport and logistics flows. The scientific novelty consists in the development of an improved method for evaluating the effectiveness of key elements of an algorithmized strategy for implementing lean manufacturing tools in small (micro) businesses based on an integrated approach through the development of a system of criteria including commercial and qualitative indicators.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF MANGANESE OXIDE NPS USING MICROTRICHIA PEROTITII DC PLANT EXTRACT: CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Bamigboye Mercy O. , Danjuma Friday
Published: November 2024

This study presents a green approach to synthesizing manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Microtrichia perotitii DC plant leaf extracts as a chelating agent and manganese oxide (MnO2) as a precursor. The NPs underwent comprehensive characterization through UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the synthesis of MnO NPs with an average crystallite size of 10.12 nm. Scanning electron microscope images depicted a needle-like shape with uniform distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer analysis identified the strongest bond at 862.025 cm-1 corresponding to the stretching vibration mode of Mn-O NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the NPs. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against B. Subtilis with a zone of inhibition measuring 25.625±3.01 mm.
Fundus geoinformation system
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Tereshchenko A.V. ,   Kaluga K.E. Tsiolkovski State University, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Yudina N.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Ignatenko G.K. ,   Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russian Federation, Trifanenkova I.G. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation,   Kaluga K.E. Tsiolkovski State University, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Plakhotnii M.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Shilov N.M. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose. To develo fundus operational geoinformation system for accurate topographic identification of the pathological process characteristics.

Material and methods. An operational digital fundus geoinformation system was developed using available program «Transporter Online». A digital fundus photograph of the patient with active retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), obtained with a «RetCam» retinal camera, was placed in a cartesian field. Next, taking the center of the optic nerve head (ONH) as the zero point, we built parallels with a step equal to one optic disc radius and meridians with a step of 10 degrees by analogy with the TABO scale (Technische Ausschuss fur Brillen – Optik).

Results. As a result, a geoinformation system of the fundus was built in the form of a coordinate grid comparable to a geographic coordinate system. Using the developed system, it is possible to measure many parameters on the retina. As the developed system is used, the number and information content of the parameters will undergo changes depending on the assigned tasks. It is possible to use the fundus geoinformation system for any retinal pathology, in particular for active ROP. To eliminate the influence of the scale factor and the reliability of quantitative indicators of image magnification, digitization is carried out based on the results of measuring angles and linear dimensions in «units» of the optic disc radius, which determines the individuality and originality of the proposed system.

Conclusion. The proposed fundus geoinformation system will provide accurate topographic identification of the pathological process characteristics on the retina surface. The obtained coordinates of the fundus structures, which are of research interest, will form an operational navigation system that will significantly facilitate the work of ophthalmologists in transmitting information, analyzing the dynamics and outcomes of the pathological process, and can also be as the basis for a further transition to artificial intelligence use.

Key words: retina, fundus, topography, geoinformation system
Ksenia Robbe, ed. Remembering Transitions: Local Revisions and Global Crossings in Culture and Media. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2023
Authors: Вальтер Кира
Published: November 2024

Как указывает редактор рецензируемого сборника Ксения Роббе в обстоятельном введении, его авторы исследуют неоднозначность политических переходов 1970–1990-х годов в различных постсоциалистических, постапартеидных и постдиктаторских контекстах от Восточной Европы и России до Южной Африки и Тайваня. Во многом из сегодняшнего как будто глобального ощущения отсутствия проекта будущего и того тотального разочарования, которое за ним стоит, выросла сама идея этого тома, который концентрируется на переживаниях, связанных с переходами, а не на их фактологии. Неотступающее прошлое, перманентно пребывающее в настоящем и становящееся его проблемой, задает этот контекст. Общества, которые пережили или до сих пор переживают переход, имеют дело с постоянным присутствием прошлого не только в политическом контексте, но, в первую очередь, в эмоциональном фоне настоящего. При этом такое смещение и врастание друг в друга темпоральных режимов прошлого и настоящего не изолирует общества переходов, а скорее включает их в более глобальный и транснациональный контекст (Ассман 2017; Гумбрехт 2018; Люббе 2019).
Текст на русском языке
Julie A. Cassiday. Russian Style: Performing Gender, Power, and Putinism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2023
Authors: Zelikova Julia
Published: November 2024

Книга Джули А. Кэссидей «Russian Style» была опубликована в 2023 году. Кэссидей – профессор университета штата Висконсин, специалист по русскому языку, русской литературе и культуре. В предисловии Кэссидей поясняет, что идея этой книги возникла у нее в период, когда она писала свою работу о русской драматургии начала XIX века и пыталась понять, как драматурги того времени формировали гендерную идентичность своих персонажей (Cassiday 2012).
Text in Russian