bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peranan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai pilar pendidikan hak asasi manusia
Authors: Warsono Warsono
Published: February 2020

Human Rights are a fundamental problem in every country. especially in the developing countries such as Indonesia. Even though, the state had given protection of human right for everybody, but in Indonesia there are many breakdowns of it. As a democratic state, Indonesia has to regard human right. It is because the human rights were the core of democratic principle. So, the human rights must be trained in the school for every student. By using this way, everybody can know what their rights and obligations very well Civics education can be a vehicle for this goal, because it's one of lessons that talk about human rights and be learned in all school.
Membangun masyarakat demokratis yang bermoral lewat Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso
Published: February 2020

Expectation which still be remained from Indonesian nation in order to get out of various crises is by improving education system. National education is aimed at developing the competence of student to become pious and religious human which have civilized and kindness, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, self-supporting, and become democratic citizen and responsible. Civic Education owns the strategic role in forming demo­cratic and responsible citizen and building the democratic society. Hoped competences after undergoing civic education is the awning of a set smart action, full of responsibility from a citizen in relating to state, and also able to have a share in finding various problem faced by the society, nation and state as according to profession and capacities of each.
Penguatan hukum masyarakat di era otonomi daerah
Authors: Kusdarini Eny
Published: February 2020

Development cf law within human dan societallfie is influnced by manyfactors, wether inside of the society itself or fivm outside. In National politics oflaw of a country included Indonesia some changes happen and influence application the law. After Indonesian reform, regulation on local autonomy which is broad, tangible, and accountable needs reinforcement of law among society in its application. Itis urgently neccessary according to the principles of that the essence of democracy is form, by, and for the people. Reinforcement ofsocietallaw will be effective if there was effort to empower society by means of atmosphere or climate which enables the development ofpotentials ofit It will be if there is an attempt to protect weak society form being weaker.
Usaha perantau Minangkabau di Kota Yogyakarta dalam membina hubungan dengan kerabat asal
Authors: Kuncorowati Puji Wulandari , Widihastuti Setiati , Nurhayati Iffah
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan latar belakang masyarakat Minangkabau yang terhubung dengan kerabat asal mereka. Bagi lelaki Minangkabau, bermigrasi berarti suatu keharusan, perjalanan awal untuk menjadi orang dewasa, mempersiapkan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Beberapa alasan untuk bermigrasi adalah (a) untuk kehidupan yang lebih baik; (b) untuk belajar; (C) perlawanan sistem matrilineal. Faktanya bahwa walaupun mereka merantau, mereka masih terhubung dengan kerabat aslinya. dalam beberapa bentuk, seperti bantuan keuangan untuk sepupu mereka, menjaga warisan leluhur, dan penggalangan dana untuk mengembangkan tanah leluhurnya. Selain itu, jejaring sosial baru didirikan untuk memahami tantangan baru dan untuk mengatasi kejutan budaya baru di tanah rantau.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This essay was aimed at describing the background of Minangkabau society sustains their connection with homeland. For Minangkabau man, it is an obligatory task to migrate, the initiation to become fully adult, preparing for better life. The reasons for migration are (a) for a better life; (b) to learn; (c) to resist against matrilineal system. The fact is that they are still attached to their origin with some forms such as financial support for their cousin/nephew, to preserve sacred heritage, and to conduct fund-raising for their homeland. Furthermore, social networks were established to overcome the new challenges as well as cultural lag in a broad.
Implementasi model controversial issue dalam mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Alfiandra Alfiandra , Safitri Sani , Dianti Puspa
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan efektifitas model pembelajaran controversial issue dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian Universitas Sriwijaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) sebanyak tiga siklus dimana setiap siklus melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, evaluasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran controversial issue dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Peningkatan kemampuan berfikir kritis tersebut terlihat pada keterampilan mahasiswa dalam mengidentifikasi masalah, mendefinisikan masalah, mengeksplorasi masalah, mengevaluasi dan mengintegrasikan berbagai macam solusi menjadi suatu jawaban yang komprehensif terhadap suatu permasalahan.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This article tries to reveal the effectiveness of controversial issue based teaching model to increase students’ critical thinking skills at Unit Pelaksana Teknis Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian Universitas Sriwijaya. It was a classroom action research with three cycles, each of which consists of planing, observation, evaluation and reflection. The results reveal that the implementation of controversial issue based teaching model can increase students’ critical thinking skills in Citizenship Education Program. This increasing of critical thinking skills was indicated by the skills to identify problem, to define problem, to explore problem, to evaluate, and to integrate any kinds of solutions in order to comprehend the problem.
Hubungan kompetensi pedagogis dan kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dengan prestasi belajar siswa sekolah menengah
Authors: Larasati Vinta , Gafur Abdul
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kompetensi pedagogis dan kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dengan prestasi belajar siswa di SMA Negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian ini adalah korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.  Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data untuk pengujian hipotesis menggunakan korelasi product moment sederhana dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: 1) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kompetensi pedagogis guru PPKn dengan prestasi belajar PPKn siswa. Kekuatan hubungan menunjukkan arah kekuatan dalam kategori sangat kuat. 2) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dengan prestasi belajar PPKn siswa. Kekuatan hubungan antara kedua variabel menunjukkan arah dalam kategori sangat kuat. 3) Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan kompetensi pedagogis dan kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dengan prestasi belajar siswa.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This research was aimed at explaining the relationship between pedagogical and professional competency among PPKn teachers and students’ achievement at SMAN (State-owned Senior High Schools) in Yogyakarta city. It was a correlational study with quantitative approach. Data was analyzed statistically to test the hypotheses using product moment test. The results are follows. 1) there is a positive and significant correlation between teachers’ pedagogical competency and students’ achievement. 2) there is a positive and significant correlation between teachers’ professional competency and students’ achievement. 3) there is a positive and significant correlation between teachers’ pedagogical and professional competency and students’ achievement.
A Pedometer-Guided Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Pregnant Women (the Fit MUM Study): Randomized Feasibility Study
Authors: Darvall Jai N , Wang Andrew , Nazeem Mohamed Nusry , Harrison Cheryce L , Clarke Lauren , Mendoza Chennelle , Parker Anna , Harrap Benjamin , Teale Glyn , Story David , Hessian Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Background

Obesity in pregnancy is a growing problem worldwide, with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) occurring in the majority of pregnancies. This significantly increases risks to both mother and child. A major contributor to both prepregnancy obesity and excessive GWG is physical inactivity; however, past interventions targeting maternal weight gain and activity levels during the antenatal period have been ineffective in women who are already overweight. Pedometer-guided activity may offer a novel solution for increasing activity levels in this population.

Objective

This initial feasibility randomized controlled trial aimed to test a pedometer-based intervention to increase activity and reduce excessive GWG in pregnant women.

Methods

We supplied 30 pregnant women with obesity a Fitbit Zip pedometer and randomized them into 1 of 3 groups: control (pedometer only), app (pedometer synced to patients’ personal smartphone, with self-monitoring of activity), or app-coach (addition of a health coach–delivered behavioral change program). Feasibility outcomes included participant compliance with wearing pedometers (days with missing pedometer data), data syncing, and data integrity. Activity outcomes (step counts and active minutes) were analyzed using linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations.

Results

A total of 30 participants were recruited within a 10-week period, with a dropout rate of 10% (3/30; 2 withdrawals and 1 stillbirth); 27 participants thus completed the study. Mean BMI in all groups was ≥35 kg/m2. Mean (SD) percentage of missing data days were 23.4% (20.6%), 39.5% (32.4%), and 21.1% (16.0%) in control, app group, and app-coach group patients, respectively. Estimated mean baseline activity levels were 14.5 active min/day and 5455 steps/day, with no significant differences found in activity levels between groups, with mean daily step counts in all groups remaining in the sedentary (5000 steps/day) or low activity (5000-7499 steps/day) categories for the entire study duration. There was a mean decrease of 7.8 steps/day for each increase in gestation day over the study period (95% CI 2.91 to 12.69, P=.002).

Conclusions

Activity data syncing with a personal smartphone is feasible in a cohort of pregnant women with obesity. However, our results do not support a future definitive study in its present form. Recruitment and retention rates were adequate, as was activity data syncing to participants’ smartphones. A follow-up interventional trial seeking to reduce GWG and improve activity in this population must focus on improving compliance with activity data recording and behavioral interventions delivered.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000038392; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370884
The Sign 4 Little Talkers Intervention to Improve Listening, Understanding, Speaking, and Behavior in Hearing Preschool Children: Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Davidson Rosemary , Randhawa Gurch
Published: February 2020

Background

Gaining age-appropriate proficiency in speech and language in the early years is crucial to later life chances; however, a significant proportion of children fail to meet the expected standards in these early years outcomes when they start school. Factors influencing the development of language and communication include low income, gender, and having English as an additional language (EAL).

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether the Sign 4 Little Talkers (S4LT) program improves key developmental outcomes in hearing preschool children. S4LT was developed to address gaps in the attainment of vocabulary and communication skills in preschool children, identified through routine monitoring of outcomes in early years. Signs were adapted and incorporated into storybooks to improve vocabulary, communication, and behavior in hearing children.

Methods

An evaluation of S4LT was conducted to measure key outcomes pre- and postintervention in 8 early years settings in Luton, United Kingdom. A total of 118 preschool children were tested in 4 early years outcomes domains—listening, speaking, understanding, and managing feelings and behavior—as well as Leuven well-being scales and the number of key words understood and spoken.

Results

Statistically significant results were found for all measures tested: words spoken (P<.001) and understood (P<.001), speaking (P<.001), managing feelings and behavior (P<.001), understanding (P<.001), listening and attention (P<.001), and well-being (P<.001). Approximately two-thirds of the children made expected or good progress, often progressing multiple steps in educational attainment after being assessed as developmentally behind at baseline.

Conclusions

The findings reported here suggest that S4LT may help children to catch up with their peers at a crucial stage in development and become school ready by improving their command of language and communication as well as learning social skills. Our analysis also highlights specific groups of children who are not responding as well as expected, namely boys with EAL, and who require additional, tailored support.
Occupational Exposure to Needle Stick Injuries and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Clinical Laboratory Staff in Sana’a, Yemen: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Abhar Nabil , Moghram Ghuzlan Saeed , Al-Gunaid Eshrak Abdulmalek , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Khader Yousef
Published: February 2020

Background

Laboratory staff handling blood or biological samples are at risk for accidental injury or exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccinations for laboratory staff can minimize these risks.

Objective

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of occupational exposure to needle stick injuries (NSIs) and assess HBV vaccination coverage among clinical laboratory staff in Sana’a, Yemen.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among clinical laboratory staff who were involved in handling and processing laboratory samples at the main public and private clinical laboratories in Sana’a. Data collection was done using a semistructured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts. Part 1 included information on sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Part 2 included information on the availability of the personal protective equipment in the laboratories, such as lab coats and gloves. Part 3 included questions about the history of injury during work in the laboratory and the vaccination status for HBV.

Results

A total of 219/362 (60%) participants had been accidentally injured while working in the laboratory. Of those, 14.6% (32/219) had been injured during the last 3 months preceding the data collection. Receiving the biosafety manual was significantly associated with lower risk of injury. Out of those who were injured, 54.8% (120/219) had received first aid. About three-quarters of respondents reported that they had been vaccinated against HBV. The vaccination against HBV was significantly higher among laboratory staff who were working at private laboratories (P=.01), who had postgraduate degrees (P=.005), and who received the biosafety manual (P=.03).

Conclusions

Occupational exposure to NSI is still a major problem among laboratory staff in public and private laboratories in Sana’a, Yemen. The high incidence of injuries among laboratory staff and the low rate of receiving first aid in laboratories combined with low vaccination coverage indicates that all laboratory staff are at risk of exposure to HBV. Therefore, strengthening supervision, legalizing HBV vaccinations for all laboratory staff, and optimizing laboratory practices regarding the management of sharps can minimize risks and prerequisites in Yemen.
A Virtual Multidisciplinary Care Program for Management of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Kaiser Paulina , Pipitone Olivia , Franklin Anthony , Jackson Dixie R , Moore Elizabeth A , Dubuque Christopher R , Peralta Carmen A , De Mory Anthony C
Published: February 2020

Background

It is not well established whether a virtual multidisciplinary care program for persons with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) can improve their knowledge about their disease, increase their interest in home dialysis therapies, and result in more planned outpatient (versus inpatient) dialysis starts.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary associations of program participation with disease knowledge, home dialysis modality preference, and outpatient dialysis initiation among persons with advanced CKD in a community-based nephrology practice.

Methods

In a matched prospective cohort, we enrolled adults aged 18 to 85 years with at least two estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 into the Cricket Health program and compared them with controls receiving care at the same clinic, matched on age, gender, eGFR, and presence of heart failure and diabetes. The intervention included online education materials, a virtual multidisciplinary team (nurse, pharmacist, social worker, dietician), and patient mentors. Prespecified follow-up time was nine months with extended follow-up to allow adequate time to determine the dialysis start setting. CKD knowledge and dialysis modality choice were evaluated in a pre-post survey among intervention participants.

Results

Thirty-seven participants were matched to 61 controls by age (mean 67.2, SD 10.4 versus mean 68.8, SD 9.5), prevalence of diabetes (54%, 20/37 versus 57%, 35/61), congestive heart failure (22%, 8/37 versus 25%, 15/61), and baseline eGFR (mean 19, SD 6 versus mean 21, SD 5 mL/min/1.73 m2), respectively. At nine-month follow-up, five patients in each group started dialysis (P=.62). Among program participants, 80% (4/5) started dialysis as an outpatient compared with 20% (1/5) of controls (OR 6.28, 95% CI 0.69-57.22). In extended follow-up (median 15.7, range 11.7 to 18.1 months), 19 of 98 patients started dialysis; 80% (8/10) of the intervention group patients started dialysis in the outpatient setting versus 22% (2/9) of control patients (hazard ratio 6.89, 95% CI 1.46-32.66). Compared to before participation, patients who completed the program had higher disease knowledge levels (mean 52%, SD 29% versus mean 94%, SD 14% of questions correct on knowledge-based survey, P<.001) and were more likely to choose a home modality as their first dialysis choice (36%, 7/22 versus 68%, 15/22, P=.047) after program completion.

Conclusions

The Cricket Health program can improve patient knowledge about CKD and increase interest in home dialysis modalities, and may increase the proportion of dialysis starts in the outpatient setting.
Identifying Barriers and Enablers to Attending Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Immigrants to Canada From Ethnocultural Minority Groups: Protocol for a Qualitative Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Dogba Maman Joyce , Brent Michael H , Bach Catherine , Asad Sarah , Grimshaw Jeremy , Ivers Noah , Légaré France , Witteman Holly O , Squires Janet , Wang Xiaoqin , Sutakovic Olivera , Zettl Mary , Drescher Olivia , van Allen Zack , McCleary Nicola , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Linklater Stefanie , Presseau Justin
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Immigrants to Canada belonging to ethnocultural minority groups are at increased risk of developing diabetes and complications, including diabetic retinopathy, and they are also less likely to be screened and treated. Improved attendance to retinopathy screening (eye tests) has the potential to reduce permanent complications, including blindness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify the barriers and enablers of attending diabetic retinopathy screening among ethnocultural minority immigrants living with diabetes in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, to inform the development of a behavior change intervention to improve diabetic retinopathy screening attendance.

METHODS

The research question draws on the needs of patients and clinicians. Using an integrated knowledge translation approach, the research team includes clinicians, researchers, and patient partners who will contribute throughout the study to developing and reviewing materials and procedures, helping to recruit participants, and disseminating findings. Using a convenience snowball strategy, we will recruit participants from three target groups: South Asian and Chinese people, and French-speaking people of African descent. To better facilitate reaching these groups and support participant recruitment, we will partner with community organizations and clinics serving our target populations in Ontario and Quebec. Data will be collected using semistructured interviews, using topic guides developed in English and translated into French, Mandarin, Hindi, and Urdu, and conducted in those languages. Data collection and analysis will be structured according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which synthesizes predominant theories of behavior change into 14 domains covering key modifiable factors that may operate as barriers or enablers to attending eye screening. We will use directed content analysis to code barriers and enablers to TDF domains, then thematic analysis to define key themes within domains.

RESULTS

This study was approved for funding in December 2017, and the research ethics board approved the conduct of the study as of January 13, 2018. Data collection then began in April 2018. As of August 28, 2018, we have recruited 22 participants, and analysis is ongoing, with results expected to be published in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this study will inform the codevelopment of theory-informed, culturally- and linguistically-tailored interventions to support patients in attending retinopathy screening.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/15109
Video Cloud Services for Hospitals: Designing an End-to-End Cloud Service Platform for Medical Video Storage and Secure Access (Preprint)
Authors: Pawałowski Piotr , Mazurek Cezary , Leszczuk Mikołaj , Moureaux Jean-Marie , Chaabouni Amine
Published: February 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The amount of medical video data that has to be securely stored has been growing exponentially. This rapid expansion is mainly caused by the introduction of higher video resolution such as 4K and 8K to medical devices and the growing usage of telemedicine services, along with a general trend toward increasing transparency with respect to medical treatment, resulting in more and more medical procedures being recorded. Such video data, as medical data, must be maintained for many years, resulting in datasets at the exabytes scale that each hospital must be able to store in the future. Currently, hospitals do not have the required information and communications technology infrastructure to handle such large amounts of data in the long run. In this paper, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions to this problem. We propose a generic architecture for a holistic, end-to-end recording and storage platform for hospitals, define crucial components, and identify existing and future solutions to address all parts of the system. This paper focuses mostly on the recording part of the system by introducing the major challenges in the area of bioinformatics, with particular focus on three major areas: video encoding, video quality, and video metadata.
Ренопротекторний ефект метформіну в щурів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу реалізується шляхом посилення експресії фактора пігментного епітелію в тканині нирок
Authors: Jiarui Liu , Shuangjie Bi , Shandong Ye
Published: February 2020

Актуальність. Діабетична нефропатія стала основною причиною термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності. Фактор пігментного епітелію (ФПЕ) є ендогенним протизапальним фактором in vivo, що може пригнічувати експресію патогенних чинників трансформуючого фактора росту β1 и фактора росту сполучної тканини, а також продукцію білка позаклітинного матриксу в нирці за наявності цукрового діабету. Мета дослідження: вивчити вплив метформіну на експресію ФПЕ у тканині нирок щурів із цукровим діабетом 2­го типу і встановити його можливі основні захисні механізми при ураженні нирок. Матеріали та методи. Десять самців щурів лінії Sprague­Dawley були рандомізовані як нормальна контрольна група. Цукровий діабет 2­го типу індукували дієтою з високим вмістом жиру і внутрішньоперитонеальним введенням 30 мг/кг стрептозотоцину. Загалом 30 щурів із діабетом 2­го типу були розподілені на 3 групи, які отримували метформін 300 мг/(кг • д) (група МЕТ, n = 10), глібенкламід 5 мг/(кг • д) (група ГЛІ, n = 10) або фізіологічний розчин (група ФР, n = 10) шляхом введення протягом восьми тижнів. Аналізували різні біохімічні показники, дані гістопатологічного дослідження нирок і рівні експресії ФПЕ у нирковій тканині. Результати. На восьмому тижні рівні глюкози крові натще (ГН), глікованого гемоглобіну (HbA1c), тригліцеридів, екскреції альбуміну із сечею і ФПЕ, сироваткового креатиніну й азоту сечовини крові в групі МЕТ і групі ГЛІ вірогідно знизилися порівняно з групою ФР, вірогідних відмінностей у показниках глюкози крові натщесерце і глікованого гемоглобіну між групою МЕТ і групою ГЛІ не виявлено. При гістологічному дослідженні виявлено поліпшення гломерулярних патологічних змін, спричинених цукровим діабетом, після лікування МЕТ і ГЛІ порівняно з групою ФР. Крім того, зменшувалася екскреція альбуміну із сечею і ФПЕ, спостерігалася менша вираженість патологічних змін у клубочках і підвищувалася експресія білка і мРНК ФПЕ ниркової тканини в групі MЕТ порівняно з групою ГЛІ. Висновки. Метформін знижує екскрецію альбуміну із сечею в діабетичних щурів, покращує морфологію і зменшує вираженість структурних уражень подоцитів. Це може бути частково пов’язане з його роллю у відновленні експресії ФПЕ та інгібуванні екскреції ФПЕ із сечею.
Статеві й вікові особливості змін імунологічних показників у хворих на рак щитоподібної залози і хворих на токсичний зоб після радіойодотерапії
Authors: Zakharchenko T.F. , Gulevaty S.V. , Volinets I.P.
Published: February 2020

Мета: провести порівняльний аналіз цитотоксичної активності NK-клітин і метаболічної активності нейтрофілів (НФ) до і після радіойодотерапії (РЙТ) у хворих на диференційований рак щитоподібної залози (ДРЩЗ) залежно від статі, віку, наявності віддалених метастазів і у хворих на токсичний зоб (ТЗ) залежно від статі. Матеріали та методи. Визначили імунологічні показники в трьох групах тиреоїдектомованих хворих із ДРЩЗ. У групу 1 ввійшли 48 осіб (30 жінок, 18 чоловіків) молодого віку (від 11 до 39 років) без віддалених метастазів ДРЩЗ. Групу 2 становили 40 хворих (23 жінки, 17 чоловіків) молодого віку (від 16 до 40 років) із віддаленими метастазами ДРЩЗ. Групу 3 становили 55 хворих (30 жінок, 25 чоловіків) старшого віку (від 41 до 75 років) із віддаленими метастазами ДРЩЗ. Середня кількість курсів РЙТ у жінок групи 1 становила 1,10 ± 0,04, у чоловіків — 1,50 ± 0,24, у жінок групи 2 — 5,4 ± 0,7, у чоловіків — 6,3 ± 0,8. У хворих старшого віку (група 3) середня кількість курсів РЙТ у жінок становила 5,4 ± 0,3, у чоловіків — 5,5 ± 0,7. Визначали імунологічні показники в 30 хворих (22 жінки, 8 чоловіків) із ТЗ віком від 23 до 67 років. Хворі на ТЗ отримали курс РЙТ. Імунологічне дослідження проводили напередодні й у ранній термін (5 чи 6 діб) після РЙТ. Цитотоксичну активність NК-клітин проти індикаторних клітин-мішеней визначали, використовуючи спектрофотометрію. Метаболічну активність НФ досліджували в стандартному тесті відновлення нітросинього тетразолію. Результати. У ранній термін після РЙТ активність NK-клітин знижується в чоловіків молодого віку групи 1. У чоловіків молодого віку групи 2 активність NК-клітин після РЙТ знижується більшою мірою, ніж у групі 1. Активність NК-клітин у чоловіків старшого віку (група 3) і до, і після РЙТ істотно нижча, ніж у жінок, і значно нижча, ніж у чоловіків молодого віку. Після РЙТ метаболічна активність НФ у хворих на ДРЩЗ чоловіків і жінок збільшується в групі 1 і в чоловіків групи 2. У жінок групи 1 цей показник значно більший, ніж у чоловіків. У чоловіків і жінок групи 2 метаболічна активність НФ після РЙТ істотно менша, ніж у хворих групи 1. У хворих на ТЗ осіб чоловічої статі активність NK-клітин напередодні РЙТ нижча, а метаболічна активність НФ значно вища, ніж у жінок. Після РЙТ збільшення активності NК-клітин у хворих на ТЗ більшою мірою відбувається в осіб жіночої статі, а метаболічної активності НФ — в осіб чоловічої статі. Висновки. Порівняльний аналіз результатів дослідження раннього впливу 131І на цитотоксичну активність NK-клітин і метаболічну активність НФ виявив особливості змін цих показників у хворих на ДРЩЗ залежно від віку, статі, наявності віддалених метастазів, у хворих на ТЗ — залежно від статі.
Тиреотропний гормон: важливі фактори впливу, які потрібно врахувати. Частина 2
Authors: Rykova O.V.
Published: February 2020

Патологія щитоподібної залози є однією з найбільш поширених ендокринопатій, і саме ендокринолог ставить діагноз і визначає тактику лікування. Але вона характеризується великою різноманітністю клінічних проявів, що потребують специфічного лікування, без якого неможливо досягнути ефективності. З ними пацієнт на першому етапі звертається до інших спеціалістів. Це обумовлює необхідність виключення даної ендокринопатії лікарями різних спеціальностей: кардіологами, гінекологами, неврологами, сімейними лікарями та іншими спеціалістами, тобто своєчасного включення визначення тиреотропного гормону (ТТГ), визнаного у світі як скринінговий тест, в алгоритм обстеження пацієнтів або направлення хворого на консультацію до ендокринолога. На підставі рівнів ТТГ визначається подальша тактика обстеження пацієнта. Сьогодні іноді трапляються ситуації, коли пацієнт обстежується в різних лабораторіях і отримані результати, за якими визначається гормональний статус пацієнта, дещо різняться. Які можливі причини дискордантних результатів? На що потрібно зважати? Які фактори слід враховувати при направлені на визначення рівня ТТГ і при інтерпретації результатів? Алгоритми інтерпретації: референтні межі чи діагностичні пороги? Чому на тлі достатньої дози препарату й дотримання режиму прийому лабораторія видає результати ТТГ, які свідчать про неефективність лікування? Відповіді на ці питання ми дамо в даній статті з урахуванням деяких факторів впливу на рівні ТТГ.
Рецензія на монографію В.О. Шідловського, О.В. Шідловського, С.Й. Рибакова, В.В. Кравців «Первинний гіперальдостеронізм (поширеність, патогенез, діагностика, лікування)» (Тернопіль, 2019. 156 с.)
Authors: Pankiv V.I.
Published: February 2020

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Звернення головного редактора
Authors: Pankiv V.I.
Published: February 2020

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET OF MELOXICAM USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: V PAWAR CHETAN , S MUTHA SWATI , V BHISE SAGAR , D BORAWAKE PAYAL
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was the preparation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) of meloxicam using natural superdisintegrants.

Methods: Meloxicam is BCS Class II (low soluble, and high permeable) drug increasing the dissolution properties of the poorly water-soluble drug meloxicam using a solid dispersion method (solvent evaporation method). Solvent evaporation method using drug and carrier as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 and PEG-15,000 the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 (drug:carrier), and acetone as solvent. In house prepared banana powder were used as natural superdisintegrant. Manufacturing of MDT was done by the direct compression method. In this MDTs, various excipients were used such as mannitol used as the diluent, sodium saccharin used as a sweetening agent, Avicel pH-102 used as a binding agent, and talc and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) used as lubricant and glidant. The best formula of the tablet was selected according to the disintegration time (DT) and friability tests.

Results: The results have shown that an increase in the meloxicam solubility was obtained using solid dispersion with the solvent evaporation method using PEG-15000 as a carrier in the ratio of 1:2 (drug:carrier). Taste masking was also done by a solid dispersion method. Tablet prepared with in house prepared banana powder gave less DT (70 s) as compared to tablet prepared with branded banana powder (80 s), but formulation F5 failed in friability testing. Improved strength of tablet obtained using SLS (<1%) also showed an increase in the dissolution performance of the tablet in formulation F6. This F6 formulation having 10% natural super disintegrating agent (in house prepared banana powder) has shown 99% cumulative drug release within 18 min. It also passed the friability test.

Conclusion: Accordingly, the solubility of meloxicam was successfully enhanced through solid dispersion with carrier PEG-15,000 and formulated as a MDT to improve its oral absorption. PEG has also been used as a taste masking agent in these formulations. It was concluded that in house banana powder had excellent DT as compared to branded banana powder. Banana powder is “economical” and “easily available” than other commonly used synthetic superdisintegrants. The process of banana powder preparation is eco friendly. The meloxicam MDT formulated with natural superdisintegrant in house prepared banana powder found to pass all pharmacopeial tests.
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR, VELPATASVIR, AND VOXILAPREVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: PADMINI M VENKATA , D GOWRI SANKAR
Published: February 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a novel, simple, rapid accurate and precise, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in bulk and tablet dosage forms.

Methods: The chromatographic elution was achieved in isocratic mode using the combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in the ratio of acetonitrile and water (65:35%v/v) using a Phenomenex C18 column which has specification (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) and the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and wavelength (ultraviolet) detection at 220 nm.

Results: The retention time obtained for sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir was 2.213 min, 2.568 min, and 2.917 min, respectively. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir and their combination drug product were exposed to acidic, alkali, thermal, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions. The current method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, and sensitivity.

Conclusion: The method developed is more sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust then the methods reported earlier. Retention time and run time were decreased; hence, the method is economical simple and precise. Forced degradation studies indicated for the suitability of the method for stability studies of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir. The proposed method can be used for routine quality control analysis test in pharmaceutical industries.
VAGINAL AND ORAL MISOPROSTOL FOLLOWING MIFEPRISTONE ADMINISTRATION IN MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY UP TO 49 DAYS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: VARDAINI DIVYA
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy, safety, adverse effects, and patient compliance of vaginal versus oral misoprostol in medical termination of pregnancy after tablet misoprostol up to 49 days of gestation.

Methods: A comparative study of 100 patients divided randomly assigned to two control groups.

Results: The study showed that 200 mg mifepristone followed by 800 mcg vaginal misoprostol is more effective for medical termination in gestational age up to 49 days as compared to 200 mg mifepristone followed by 400 mcg oral misoprostol.

Conclusion: While both routes of administration are safe, gastrointestinal side effects are more with oral misoprostol. The vaginal route is more acceptable to the patients enrolled in the study.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS
Authors: NEHA CHIGULAPALLI , DV KRISHNA VENI , VEMURI SOUNDARYA , SRAVYA REDDY
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness about metabolic syndrome (Met S) and its components among the 1st year physiotherapy students and also the difference in the level of knowledge and awareness among male and female students.

Methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of 90 questions about components of Met S was distributed among 38 students studying 1st year physiotherapy at Apollo College of Physiotherapy, Hyderabad, after obtaining a written consent from them. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed and results were obtained.

Results: Physiotherapy students have good knowledge about types and causes of diabetes and poor knowledge about symptoms, biochemical process, and complications of Met S. They expressed poor knowledge to understand the link between hypertension and pregnancy. They could understand the role of hereditary factors only in diabetes but not in other components.

Conclusion: Met S is a common disorder in the society; therefore, the awareness should be raised among the student population and as paramedics, it is their responsibility to communicate with the public about the risk factors and complications associated with it and counsel them to adopt a healthy lifestyle to protect themselves from the complications.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF CANNA INDICA L. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC MODEL
Authors: YADAV PRASHANT KUMAR , SS SISODIA
Published: February 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the leaf extract of Canna indica L. in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. The present investigation indicated that the leaf of C. indica L. possessed significant antihyperglycemic potential which may prove the claimed use of the plant in amelioration of diabetes.

Methods: Male Swiss albino mice fasted for 12–14 h and weights were recorded prior to the induction of diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of STZ, freshly dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH=4.5). Then, the solution was immediately administered intraperitoneally to each mouse. Thirty minutes after the injection, the mice were allowed free access to food and water. After 6 h STZ injection, mice were given a 5% dextrose solution for the next 24 h. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 3 days of the STZ injection and mice with fasting blood glucose level (BGL) >200 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and were selected for the experiments. After successfully developing the diabetes animals were divided into six groups and each group contains six mice. Group I: Normal control mice administered vehicle only; Group II: Diabetic control mice administered vehicle only; Group III: Tested mice administered glibenclamide 5 mg/kg; and Group IV–VI: Tested mice administered C. indica L. at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. All groups received treatments once daily for 14 days. The fasting BGL and body weight were determined at 0, 7th, and 14th days.

Results: The effect of C. indica L. on BGL having significant (p<0.05 and p<0.001) reduction in BGL starting 1 h when compared to the negative control. Administration of glucose (2 g/kg) to the mice produced significant (p<0.001) increase in BGL 30 min following 1 h after glucose loading, confirming the induction of hyperglycemia. The extract with three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in BGL. The phytochemical screening of the leaves extract was done for the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpene, carbohydrate, steroid, protein, cholesterol, flavonoids. Amino acid was absent in C. indica L. leaves.

Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that the alcohol extracts of C. indica L. leaves possess significant antihyperglycemic effects.
SUBMICROSCOPIC CHROMOSOMAL VARIATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Authors: JOHN NEETHA , PSVN SHARMA , MOKA RAJASEKHAR
Published: February 2020

Objective: Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder that originates before the age of 18 years and is characterized by limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The fact that >30 to 50% of all causes are still unknown in etiology is increasing the burden of the clinical evaluators and managers handling these children. The purpose of this study was to have an optimal genetic diagnostic evaluation to assist paediatricians in providing medical advice for children with intellectual disabilities and global developmental delays.

Methods: The study was initiated with 385 cases; however, only 201 cases had no cytogenetic abnormality and negative for PCR test for FXS. However, these subjects showed characteristic signs of facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, which were unique and unspecific with lack of major hallmarks for any particular syndrome/phenotype, considered as “idiopathic” and tested for MLPA analysis and subsequently confirmed by FISH and RT-qPCR.

Results: A total of 23 (11.44%) cases were found to have submicroscopic chromosomal variations [microdeletions (18 cases), microduplications (5 cases)]. We categorized the aberrations detected in these cases as novel and as variants of uncertain significance. All these cases showed clear evidence for segregation of the variation and were provided with the required genetic counselling.

Conclusion: MLPA method gives a better yield in combination with karyotype analysis. The detection rate as per current analysis suggests that the use of MLPA could be a robust, high throughput yet cost-effective technique for use in a diagnostic set up.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE ON HT-29, PA-1 CELL LINES, AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
Authors: DADDALA GUNABHUSHANA , A SWAROOPARANI
Published: February 2020

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity and α- amylase inhibitory activity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG).

Methods: The cytotoxic activity was conducted on HT-29 (human colon cancer cell line) and PA-1 (human ovarian cancer cell line) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and the α- amylase inhibitory activity using acarbose as a standard. Both the tests were evaluated at different concentrations, 3.125–100 μg/ml and 50–2000 μg correspondingly and the concentration required for a 50% inhibition of viability (IC50) was determined graphically. The effect of the samples on the proliferation of HT-29 and PA-1 was expressed as the percentage cell viability.

Results: SDG exhibited a considerable dose- and time-dependent inhibition on both HT-29 and PA-1 and also observed a concentration-dependent α-amylase inhibitory activity that leads in reduction of starch hydrolysis and hence eventually to lowered glucose levels.

Conclusion: The present in vitro study concluded that SDG can be a potent anticancer and moderate hyperglycemic component.
PHYTOTOXIC, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITIES OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA FROM CHITWAN DISTRICT NEPAL
Authors: RAJ SHARMA KHAGA
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antileishmanial, and phytotoxic activities and estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta collected from Chitwan district of Nepal using in vitro studies.

Methods: Methanol extract of the plant was prepared by cold percolation method. Screening of secondary metabolites was performed by color differentiation methods. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the plant extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay in which percentage scavenging and inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Furthermore, antileishmanial and phytotoxic activity was evaluated by adopting the standard protocols. Phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated using Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method.

Results: The antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of E. hirta showed low leishmanicidal activity IC50 68.1±1.2 μg/ml standard deviation (SD) as compared to the standard drugs amphotericin B 0.29±0.05 μg/ml SD and pentamidine 5.09±0.09 μg/ml SD. The radical scavenging activity shows IC50=29.23±0.21 μg/ml SD which is found potent than the standard ascorbic acid IC50=45.93 μg/ml. The extract of E. hirta contains high value of total phenolic content milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram (138.10±4.90 mg GAE/g SD) and flavonoid content milligram quercetin equivalent per gram (11.54±0.00 mg QE/g SD). The plant extract exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (9.0 mm), Bacillus subtilis (11.0 mm), Escherichia coli (9.0 mm), and Salmonella Typhi (9.0 mm) at a concentration of 10.0 mg/ml in which 50 μl was loaded per well. Plant extract exhibits moderate phytotoxic activity with the number of fronds 3, 10, and 14 against the different concentrations of plant extract.

Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study have put forward E. hirta into promising herbs with good antioxidant activities, moderate phytotoxic activity, and potential source of antibacterial agent with a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Although the plant extract shows the potent biological activity, further studies are needed to assess its mechanism of action.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MCF-7, A-549, SCC-40, AND COLO-205 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: S SHINDE ASHWINI , MENDHULKAR VIJAY D
Published: February 2020

Objective: To unearth the applications of nanotechnology in medicine has become imperative with all the advancements in the technique. In the current study, we have attempted to exploit the anticancer ability of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Methods: The AgNPs were synthesized using 60% methanol (H-MeOH) Elephantopus scaber leaf extract, characterized, and discussed priorly. The effect of AgNPs was studied on the human breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), oral (SCC-40), and colon (COLO-205) cancer cell lines through sulforhodamine B assay. We also carried out the synergistic activity with standard drug adriamycin (ADR).

Results: According to the results obtained, AgNPs showed good antiproliferative activity with GI50 <10 μg/ml on MCF-7, A-549, and SCC-40 cell lines when compared with the standard drug ADR. However, for COLO-205 cell line, the impact was 17.4 μg/ml and thus the treatment was less effective.

Conclusion: The synergistic effect of AgNPs+ADR was even better for all the four cell lines than that of the AgNPs alone.
O DIREITO PENAL DAS SOCIEDADES SIMPLES
Authors: Brandão Cláudio
Published: February 2020

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