bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Mechanism and Processability of Roll Forming
Authors: Kang Cunfeng , Sun Baoxu , Zhang Xinshang , Yao Chengxi
Published: June 2024

Cold bending forming is a complex forming process, and its product quality is closely related to the forming process parameters. To mitigate issues such as bulging and waviness arising from the extension of the material at the edges during the forming process of thin-walled circular tubes, a comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted on four forming methods. This analysis determined that the combined bending method is the optimal forming technique for the equipment. For the impact of different parameters on the equivalent plastic strain distribution of the product and the force on the rollers, numerical simulations were carried out using the software COPRA (COPRA FEA RF 2023.1) after designing the pattern diagram based on the integrated bending method. The results showed that different processing speeds on the equivalent plastic strain distribution and work hardening of the plate have little effect. As the spacing between the upper and lower rollers increases, the equivalent plastic strain of the plate to a certain extent and the value of the moment of the rollers is significantly reduced. Analyzing the performance characteristics of high-strength steel materials from the aspects of the thickness strain and cross-sectional forming of the plate, this verifies the advantages of forming high-strength steel plates. The numerical simulation results of this study are in good agreement with actual production experimental results.
Variable Layer Heights in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing and WAAM Information Models
Authors: Kerber Ethan , Knitt Heinrich , Fahrendholz-Heiermann Jan Luca , Ergin Emre , Brell-Cokcan Sigrid , Dewald Peter , Sharma Rahul , Reisgen Uwe
Published: June 2024

In Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), variable layer heights enable the non-parallel or non-planar slicing of parts. In researching variable layer heights, this paper documents printing strategies for a reference geometry whose key features are non-orthogonal growth and unsupported overhangs. The complexity of 3D printing with welding requires parameter optimization to control the deposition of molten material. Thus, 3D printing with welding requires the precise deposition of molten material. Currently, there is no standard solution for the customization of process parameters and intelligent collection of data from sensors. To address this gap in technology, this research develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled, distributed communication protocol to control process parameters, synchronize commands, and integrate device data. To intelligently collect sensor information, this research creates a query-able database during pre-planning and production. This contributes to fundamental research in WAAM by documenting strategies for printing variable layer heights, the customization of control parameters, and the collection of data through a WAAM Information Model (WIM).
An Accurate and Rapid Docking Algorithm for Four-Way Shuttle in High-Density 3D Warehousing Environment
Authors: Liu Xiangpeng , Liu Xun , Song Yaqing , Hu Yu , Zhou Liuchen , Xu Xiaonong
Published: June 2024

High-density 3D warehousing is the future cornerstone of modern logistics storage. It aims to efficiently manage and store various types of goods by utilizing 3D space and automation technology. The accurate and fast docking algorithm of the four-way shuttles, as a core method of carrying the goods in high-density 3D warehousing, has become an increasingly important technical challenge. Inaccurate docking will result in a failure to change direction, while long docking time will affect the operation efficiency of the four-way shuttle. To overcome these obstacles, this paper presents an accurate and rapid docking algorithm for four-way shuttles. Firstly, the deceleration and jerk of a four-way shuttle in the braking stage are initialized according to the motion parameter set calculated by the docking motion model. Then, the four-way shuttle starts to move until the stop signal has been detected. If the system fails to detect the stop signal, the distance compensation is needed to ensure that the four-way shuttle can arrive at the stop point. Finally, the four-way shuttle stops immediately by way of amplifying the deceleration when reaching the stop point. The result shows that the accuracy of rapid docking is superior to that of direct docking. Compared with crawling docking, rapid docking reduces the braking time by 3.99s and stops at a speed lower than the crawling speed. The rapid docking algorithm not only enhances the throughput of high-density 3D warehousing but also improves the service life of four-way shuttles.
Investigating the Properties and Dynamic Applications of Δh Legendre–Appell Polynomials
Authors: Alam Noor , Wani Shahid Ahmad , Khan Waseem Ahmad , Zaidi Hasan Nihal
Published: June 2024

This research aims to introduce and examine a new type of polynomial called the Δh Legendre–Appell polynomials. We use the monomiality principle and operational rules to define the Δh Legendre–Appell polynomials and explore their properties. We derive the generating function and recurrence relations for these polynomials and their explicit formulas, recurrence relations, and summation formulas. We also verify the monomiality principle for these polynomials and express them in determinant form. Additionally, we establish similar results for the Δh Legendre–Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi polynomials.
An Asymptomatic Sigmoid Colonic Fistula Arising from a Large Aneurysm of the Internal Iliac Artery Was Discovered during a Medical Examination
Authors: Kim Myung Jo , Yoo Kwon Cheol , Kim Dae Hoon
Published: June 2024

The rupture of an internal iliac artery aneurysm in the colon is a rare but potentially fatal complication. We report a rectal fistula of an asymptomatic internal iliac artery aneurysm that was discovered incidentally during a medical examination. A 77-year-old man presented at a local hospital for a general medical examination. Although the blood reports revealed severe anemia, the patient did not complain of any associated symptoms including dizziness and hematochezia. Moreover, there was no palpable mass in the patient’s abdomen, and there was no evidence of hematochezia, as the patient had been using a bidet. Interestingly, computed tomography (CT) revealed a large right internal iliac artery aneurysm. There was a suspicious finding of a fistula within the colon in the CT, but it was undetected in the preoperative sigmoidoscopy. Furthermore, operative findings showed a protruding retroperitoneal mass adhering to the mesentery of the sigmoid colon. During aneurysm resection, the presence of a fistula was unclear. However, a fistula tract, devoid of any infectious bacteria such as tuberculosis, was found in the specimen after colon resection. After a recovery period of approximately one week, the patient was discharged from the hospital without any unusual findings on the post-operative CT. Sigmoid colonic fistulas arising from iliac artery aneurysms are rare. Also, diagnosis may be delayed in special circumstances wherein a patient routinely uses a bidet.
Assessing Additive Interactions between Protective Factors Using Relative Risk Reduction Due to Interaction
Authors: Nova Andrea , Fazia Teresa , Bernardinelli Luisa
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: In the context of disease prevention, interaction on an additive scale is commonly assessed to determine synergistic effects between exposures. While the “Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction” represents the main measure of additive interaction between risk factors, in this study we aimed to extend this approach to assess additive interaction between factors known to prevent the event’s occurrence, such as medical interventions and drugs. Materials and Methods: We introduced and described the “Relative Risk Reduction due to Interaction” (RRRI) as a key measure to assess additive interactions between preventive factors, such as therapeutic interventions and drug combinations. For RRRI values closer to 1, the combination of exposures has a greater impact on reducing the event risk due to their interaction. As a purely illustrative example, we re-evaluated a previous investigation of the synergistic effect between statins and blood pressure-lowering drugs in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Moreover, simulation studies were used to empirically evaluate the performance of a robust Poisson regression model to estimate RRRI across different scenarios. Results: In our example, the drug combination revealed a positive additive interaction in further reducing MACE risk (RRRI > 0), even if not statistically significant. This result is more straightforward to interpret as compared to the original one based on the RERI. Additionally, our simulations highlighted the importance of large sample sizes for detecting significant interaction effects. Conclusion: We recommend RRRI as the main measure to be considered when exploring additive interaction effects between protective exposures, such as the investigation of synergistic effects between drug combinations or preventive treatments.
Genotyping and Phenotyping of Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a New Zealand Organic Winery and Commercial Sources Using Inter-Delta and MALDI-TOF MS Typing
Authors: Zhang Junwen , Plowman Jeffrey E. , Tian Bin , Clerens Stefan , On Stephen L. W.
Published: June 2024

We used inter-delta typing (IDT) and MALDI-TOF profiling to characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 45 commercially available winemaking Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and 60 isolates from an organic winemaker from Waipara, New Zealand, as a stratified approach for predicting the commercial potential of indigenous isolates. A total of 35 IDTs were identified from the commercial strains, with another 17 novel types defined among the Waipara isolates. IDT 3 was a common type among strains associated with champagne production, and the only type in commercial strains also observed in indigenous isolates. MALDI-TOF MS also demonstrated its potential in S. cerevisiae typing, particularly when the high-mass region (m/z 2000–20,000) was used, with most indigenous strains from each of two fermentation systems distinguished. Furthermore, the comparison between commercial strains and indigenous isolates assigned to IDT 3 revealed a correlation between the low-mass data (m/z 500–4000) analysis and the recommended use of commercial winemaking strains. Both IDT and MALDI-TOF analyses offer useful insights into the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of S. cerevisiae, with MALDI-TOF offering potential advantages for the prediction of applications for novel, locally isolated strains that may be valuable for product development and diversification.
A Support Vector Machine-Assisted Metabolomics Approach for Non-Targeted Screening of Multi-Class Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Maize
Authors: Xue Weifeng , Li Fang , Li Xuemei , Liu Ying
Published: June 2024

The contamination risks of plant-derived foods due to the co-existence of pesticides and veterinary drugs (P&VDs) have not been fully understood. With an increasing number of unexpected P&VDs illegally added to foods, it is essential to develop a non-targeted screening method for P&VDs for their comprehensive risk assessment. In this study, a modified support vector machine (SVM)-assisted metabolomics approach by screening eligible variables to represent marker compounds of 124 multi-class P&VDs in maize was developed based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis indicate the existence of variables with obvious inter-group differences, which were further investigated by S-plot plots, permutation tests, and variable importance in projection to obtain eligible variables. Meanwhile, SVM recursive feature elimination under the radial basis function was employed to obtain the weight-squared values of all the variables ranging from large to small for the screening of eligible variables as well. Pairwise t-tests and fold changes of concentration were further employed to confirm these eligible variables to represent marker compounds. The results indicate that 120 out of 124 P&VDs can be identified by the SVM-assisted metabolomics method, while only 109 P&VDs can be found by the metabolomics method alone, implying that SVM can promote the screening accuracy of the metabolomics method. In addition, the method’s practicability was validated by the real contaminated maize samples, which provide a bright application prospect in non-targeted screening of contaminants. The limits of detection for 120 P&VDs in maize samples were calculated to be 0.3~1.5 µg/kg.
Synthetic Approaches and Clinical Application of Representative Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Ya-Tao , Jiang Shi-Qi , Zhang Shao-Lin
Published: June 2024

The regulation of the cancer cell cycle heavily relies on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Targeting CDKs has been identified as a promising approach for effective cancer therapy. In recent years, there has been significant attention paid towards developing small-molecule CDK inhibitors in the field of drug discovery. Notably, five such inhibitors have already received regulatory approval for the treatment of different cancers, including breast tumors, lung malignancies, and hematological malignancies. This review provides an overview of the synthetic routes used to produce 17 representative small-molecule CDK inhibitors that have obtained regulatory approval or are currently being evaluated through clinical trials. It also discusses their clinical applications for treating CDK-related diseases and explores the challenges and limitations associated with their use in a clinical setting, which will stimulate the further development of novel CDK inhibitors. By integrating therapeutic applications, synthetic methodologies, and mechanisms of action observed in various clinical trials involving these CDK inhibitors, this review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the versatile roles and therapeutic potential offered by interventions targeting CDKs.
Exploring High-Spin Color Centers in Wide Band Gap Semiconductors SiC: A Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Investigation (EPR and ENDOR Analysis)
Authors: Latypova Larisa , Murzakhanov Fadis , Mamin George , Sadovnikova Margarita , von Bardeleben Hans Jurgen , Rau Julietta V. , Gafurov Marat
Published: June 2024

High-spin defects (color centers) in wide-gap semiconductors are considered as a basis for the implementation of quantum technologies due to the unique combination of their spin, optical, charge, and coherent properties. A silicon carbide (SiC) crystal can act as a matrix for a wide variety of optically active vacancy-type defects, which manifest themselves as single-photon sources or spin qubits. Among the defects, the nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV) are of particular importance. This paper is devoted to the application of the photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques at a high-frequency range (94 GHz) to obtain unique information about the nature and properties of NV defects in SiC crystal of the hexagonal 4H and 6H polytypes. Selective excitation by microwave and radio frequency pulses makes it possible to determine the microscopic structure of the color center, the zero-field splitting constant (D = 1.2–1.3 GHz), the phase coherence time (T2), and the values of hyperfine (≈1.1 MHz) and quadrupole (Cq ≈ 2.45 MHz) interactions and to define the isotropic (a = −1.2 MHz) and anisotropic (b = 10–20 kHz) contributions of the electron–nuclear interaction. The obtained data are essential for the implementation of the NV defects in SiC as quantum registers, enabling the optical initialization of the electron spin to establish spin–photon interfaces. Moreover, the combination of optical, microwave, and radio frequency resonant effects on spin centers within a SiC crystal shows the potential for employing pulse EPR and ENDOR sequences to implement protocols for quantum computing algorithms and gates.
Refraction-Based Laser Scanning Microcantilever Array System
Authors: Xue Weiwei , Su Yong , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: June 2024

Microcantilever arrays are valuable tools for detecting minute physical and chemical changes. Traditional microcantilever array systems, including our previous work utilizing multiple laser arrays, frequently encounter high complexity, significant costs, and increased noise caused by laser switching. This study introduces a refraction-based laser scanning system that significantly mitigates these issues by employing a rotating glass optical block for multiplex scanning. This innovative approach not only simplifies the scanning process by eliminating the need to move the laser source or the microcantilever array but also enhances scanning speed and reduces noise, as demonstrated by our experiments. Overall, this research implements a new optical scanning strategy for microcantilever array systems, which is promising due to its direct application potential as it paves the way for more accurate, high-performing, and cost-effective sensing solutions.
Adaptive Flow Timeout Management in Software-Defined Optical Networks
Authors: Radamski Krystian , Ząbek Wojciech , Domżał Jerzy , Wójcik Robert
Published: June 2024

Current trends in network traffic management rely on the efficient control of individual flows. Software-defined networking popularized this notion. Per-flow management is perfectly viable in standard IP networks, in which packet processing is in the electric domain. However, optical networks provide more restrictions and constraints making per-flow traffic management difficult. One of the most important challenges is to reduce the concurrent number of flows present in the flow tables to make the switching process quicker. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to manage flow timeout values that uses idle timeout and hard timeout parameters. To calculate the appropriate values of the parameters, the mechanism analyzes the packet inter-arrival times. The algorithm also takes into account the current occupancy of the flow table.
Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Fafard Simon , Masson Denis
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate the use of laser diodes and multijunction photovoltaic power converters to efficiently deliver watts of electrical power for long-distance or cryogenic applications. Transmission through single-mode and multi-mode fibers at the wavelengths of 808 nm and 1470/1550 nm are studied. An electrical output power of ~0.1 W is obtained after a 5 km transmission through a standard single-mode SMF28 fiber fed with 0.25 W of optical power. An electrical output power of ~1 W is demonstrated after a 5 km transmission with a standard OM1 multi-mode fiber fed with ~2.5 W. Photovoltaic conversion efficiencies reaching Eff ~49% are obtained with an output voltage of ~5 V using commercial multijunction laser power converters. For low-temperature applications, an ultra-sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is used to detect the residual light leaked from fibers as the temperature is decreased. Our study demonstrates that specific fiber types enable low-loss transmission compatible with cryogenic requirements and without light leakage triggering of the SiPM. A cryogenic power-over-fiber system at ~1470 nm is demonstrated with ~2 W of electrical power converted over a 10 m distance having a conversion efficiency of Eff > 65% at 77 K.
Design of Photonic Molecule-Based Multiway Beam Splitter/Coupler with Variable Division Ratio
Authors: Geints Yury E.
Published: June 2024

An optical beam splitter is used for dividing an input optical beam into several separate beams with a specific power ratio. Usually, conventional optical beam splitters have bulky dimensions (many optical wavelengths) and a fixed dividing ratio, which significantly limit the design of new miniaturized optical devices and integrated optical circuits. We propose and investigate in detail a novel physical concept of a highly miniaturized (up to two working wavelengths) planar optical resonant splitter/coupler with a switching element comprising a photonic molecule (PM) pair dispersing input optical fluxes in multiple directions with a tailored power ratio. The structural design of the proposed splitter is based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and composed of high-quality resonators in the form of electromagnetically coupled submicron-sized microcylinders. The control on the power division ratio and the selection of optical beam directions is realized by tuning the photonic splitter structure to the corresponding resonance of the PM supermode. Compared to known analogs, the proposed design is easy and cheap in fabrication. Because of its tiny dimensions, it is suitable for integration into a “System-on-a-chip” platform and can dynamically change the beam power division ratio by input wave-phase manipulation.
Novel Spectrometer Designs for Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration
Authors: Morabito Antonia , Nelissen Kwinten , Migliorati Mauro , Ter-Avetisyan Sargis
Published: June 2024

We propose novel spectrometer designs that aim to enhance the measured spectral range of ions on a finite-sized detector. In contrast to the traditional devices that use a uniform magnetic field, in which the deflection of particles increases inversely proportional to their momentum, in a gradient magnetic field, the deflection of particles will decrease due to the reduction of the magnetic field along their propagation. In this way, low-energy ions can reach the detector because they are deflected less, compared to the uniform field case. By utilizing a gradient magnetic field, the non-linear dispersion of ions in a homogeneous magnetic field approaches nearly linear dispersion behavior. Nonetheless, the dispersion of low-energy ions, using a dipole field, remains unnecessarily high. In this article, we discuss the employed methodology and present simulation results of the spectrometer with an extended ion spectral range, focusing on the minimum detectable energy (energy dynamic range) and energy resolution.
Anti-Ice PMMA Surface Design and Processing
Authors: Chen Yanming , Feng Aixin
Published: June 2024

At low temperatures, PMMA surfaces are prone to ice and frost formation, which presents a significant challenge for PMMA’s efficient application in cold environments due to the difficulty in physically removing the accumulated ice. Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit promising potential in passive anti-icing strategies. To exploit this advantage, we employed femtosecond laser technology to create six distinct microstructured PMMA surfaces, followed by surface modification using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, resulting in enhanced hydrophobic and anti-icing properties. Among the tested structures, a secondary circular dot pattern achieved a remarkable contact angle of 153.7°, prolonging the freezing duration by approximately 40% at −10 °C, and reducing frost accumulation by over 50%. The ice adhesion strength was significantly reduced to 34 kPa. These findings contribute to broadening the applicability of PMMA and advancing the use of superhydrophobic surfaces in anti-icing applications.
Study on the Conveying Characteristics of a Hanged Harvester Vibrating Screen for Ligusticum Chuanxiong
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Liao Min , Xia Hailong , Chen Rui , Li Junju , Yang Yajun
Published: June 2024

The problem of soil and Chuanxiong tuber congestion on vibrating screens usually exists during the Chuanxiong mechanized harvesting process. To address this problem, the conveyance performance of a crankshaft rocker vibrating screen was studied. By establishing and solving the dynamics and kinematics equations for the crankshaft rocker vibrating mechanism and Chuanxiong soil residue, the acceleration of the vibrating screen and Chuanxiong-soil residue was studied. The sliding speed, motion process, and conveying distance of the Chuanxiong soil residue were also analyzed. The theoretical analysis results indicated that the acceleration of the vibrating screen depends on the rod lengths of the vibrating mechanism and the crank rotational speed and position. The displacement of the Chuanxiong-soil residue along the positive sliding direction in a cycle was more significant than that of the negative sliding direction. The appropriate advancement speed of the harvester was also obtained. The RecurDyn and EDEM coupling simulation was conducted. The simulation results verified the theoretical analysis. In the simulation, the Chuanxiong-soil residue was effectively conveyed. The field tests were conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. The harvester was tested in the field with crank rotational speeds of 0 r/min, 120 r/min, and 240 r/min, and advancement speeds of 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2 m/s. The results showed that there was no congestion in the screen during the working process when the rotational speed of the crank was 240 r/min, and the advancement speed of the harvester was no faster than 1.5 m/s. When the crank rotational speed was 240 r/min, and the advancement speeds were 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, and 1.5 m/s, the weights of Chuanxiong and soil on the screen after the test were 71.5 kg, 84.7 kg, and 105.7 kg, respectively. The field tests verified the conveyance performance of the vibrating screen. This study can provide a theoretical reference for designing the crankshaft rocker vibrating mechanism for the rhizome harvesting machine.
Enhancing Coordination Efficiency with Fuzzy Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis for Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Relays Amid Distributed Generation
Authors: Al-Bhadely Faraj , İnan Aslan
Published: June 2024

In the contemporary context of power network protection, acknowledging uncertainties in safeguarding recent power networks integrated with distributed generation (DG) is imperative to uphold the dependability, security, and efficiency of the grid amid the escalating integration of renewable energy sources and evolving operational conditions. This study delves into the optimization of relay settings within distribution networks, presenting a novel approach aimed at augmenting coordination while accounting for the dynamic presence of DG resources and the uncertainties inherent in their generation outputs and load consumption—factors previously overlooked in existing research. Departing from conventional methodologies, the study proposes a dual-setting characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). Initially, a meticulous modeling of a power network featuring distributed generation is undertaken, integrating Weibull probability functions for each resource to capture their probabilistic behavior. Subsequently, the second stage employs the fuzzy Monte Carlo method to address generation and consumption uncertainties. The optimization conundrum is addressed using the ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithm in the MATLAB environment. This thorough analysis was conducted on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus power distribution systems, showcasing a notable reduction in the total DOCR operating time compared to conventional characteristics. The proposed characteristic not only achieves resilient coordination across a spectrum of uncertainties in both distributed generation outputs and load consumption, but also strengthens the resilience of distribution networks overall.
A Common Knowledge-Driven Generic Vision Inspection Framework for Adaptation to Multiple Scenarios, Tasks, and Objects
Authors: Zhao Delong , Kong Feifei , Lv Nengbin , Xu Zhangmao , Du Fuzhou
Published: June 2024

The industrial manufacturing model is undergoing a transformation from a product-centric model to a customer-centric one. Driven by customized requirements, the complexity of products and the requirements for quality have increased, which pose a challenge to the applicability of traditional machine vision technology. Extensive research demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-based learning and image processing on specific objects or tasks, but few publications focus on the composite task of the integrated product, the traceability and improvability of methods, as well as the extraction and communication of knowledge between different scenarios or tasks. To address this problem, this paper proposes a common, knowledge-driven, generic vision inspection framework, targeted for standardizing product inspection into a process of information decoupling and adaptive metrics. Task-related object perception is planned into a multi-granularity and multi-pattern progressive alignment based on industry knowledge and structured tasks. Inspection is abstracted as a reconfigurable process of multi-sub-pattern space combination mapping and difference metric under appropriate high-level strategies and experiences. Finally, strategies for knowledge improvement and accumulation based on historical data are presented. The experiment demonstrates the process of generating a detection pipeline for complex products and continuously improving it through failure tracing and knowledge improvement. Compared to the (1.767°, 69.802 mm) and 0.883 obtained by state-of-the-art deep learning methods, the generated pipeline achieves a pose estimation ranging from (2.771°, 153.584 mm) to (1.034°, 52.308 mm) and a detection rate ranging from 0.462 to 0.927. Through verification of other imaging methods and industrial tasks, we prove that the key to adaptability lies in the mining of inherent commonalities of knowledge, multi-dimensional accumulation, and reapplication.
Deterministic Localization for Fully Automatic Operation: A Survey and Experiments
Authors: He Wan-Ning , Huang Xin-Lin
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of fully automatic operation (FAO) and location-based services, the evaluation criteria of average localization accuracy can no longer meet our demands, in favor of deterministic localization. However, most localization researches modeled localization performance function and enhanced it by minimizing average localization root mean square error (RMSE). The performance degradation in a small region was not considered. In this paper, we present a survey of deterministic localization and analyze the relationship between accuracy and certainty. In this paper, two common solutions of localization enhancement are presented and their localization certainties are discussed. Furthermore, we carry out related localization enhancement experiments in rail transit line and analyze their improvement on deterministic localization. The experimental results show that the overall localization performance is improved, while the deterministic localization requires the stricter solution to promote.
BinVPR: Binary Neural Networks towards Real-Valued for Visual Place Recognition
Authors: Wang Junshuai , Han Junyu , Dong Ruifang , Kan Jiangming
Published: June 2024

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) aims to determine whether a robot or visual navigation system locates in a previously visited place using visual information. It is an essential technology and challenging problem in computer vision and robotic communities. Recently, numerous works have demonstrated that the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based VPR is superior to that of traditional methods. However, with a huge number of parameters, large memory storage is necessary for these CNN models. It is a great challenge for mobile robot platforms equipped with limited resources. Fortunately, Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) can reduce memory consumption by converting weights and activation values from 32-bit into 1-bit. But current BNNs always suffer from gradients vanishing and a marked drop in accuracy. Therefore, this work proposed a BinVPR model to handle this issue. The solution is twofold. Firstly, a feature restoration strategy was explored to add features into the latter convolutional layers to further solve the gradient-vanishing problem during the training process. Moreover, we identified two principles to address gradient vanishing: restoring basic features and restoring basic features from higher to lower layers. Secondly, considering the marked drop in accuracy results from gradient mismatch during backpropagation, this work optimized the combination of binarized activation and binarized weight functions in the Larq framework, and the best combination was obtained. The performance of BinVPR was validated on public datasets. The experimental results show that it outperforms state-of-the-art BNN-based approaches and full-precision networks of AlexNet and ResNet in terms of both recognition accuracy and model size. It is worth mentioning that BinVPR achieves the same accuracy with only 1% and 4.6% model sizes of AlexNet and ResNet.
A Coupled Double-Layer Electrical Impedance Tomography-Based Sensing Skin for Pressure and Leak Detection
Authors: Kuusela Petri , Seppänen Aku
Published: June 2024

There is an extensive need for surface sensors for applications such as tactile sensing for robotics, damage and strain detection for structural health monitoring and leak detection for buried structures. One type of surface sensor is electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based sensing skins, which use electrically conductive coatings applied on the object’s surface to monitor physical or chemical phenomena on the surface. In this article, we propose a sensing skin with two electrically coupled layers separated by an insulator. Based on electrical measurements, the spatial distribution of the electrical coupling between the layers is estimated. This coupling is sensitive to both the pressure distribution on the surface and water entering between the layers through a leak. We present simulations and experimental studies to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method for pressure sensing and leak detection. The results support the feasibility of the proposed method for both of these applications.
Identification and Functional Implications of the E5 Oncogene Polymorphisms of Human Papillomavirus Type 16
Authors: da Silva-Júnior Antônio Humberto P. , de Oliveira Silva Ruany Cristyne , Gurgel Ana Pavla A. Diniz , Barros-Júnior Marconi Rêgo , Nascimento Kamylla Conceição Gomes , Santos Daffany Luana , Pena Lindomar J. , Lima Rita de Cássia Pereira , Batista Marcus Vinicius de Aragão , Chagas Bárbara Simas , Freitas Antonio Carlos de
Published: June 2024

The persistence of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection on the cervical epithelium contributes to the progression of cervical cancer. Studies have demonstrated that HPV16 genetic variants may be associated with different risks of developing cervical cancer. However, the E5 oncoprotein of HPV16, which is related to several cellular mechanisms in the initial phases of the infection and thus contributes to carcinogenesis, is still little studied. Here we investigate the HPV16 E5 oncogene variants to assess the effects of different mutations on the biological function of the E5 protein. We detected and analyzed the HPV16 E5 oncogene polymorphisms and their phylogenetic relationships. After that, we proposed a tertiary structure analysis of the protein variants, preferential codon usage, and functional activity of the HPV16 E5 protein. Intra-type variants were grouped in the lineages A and D using in silico analysis. The mutations in E5 were located in the T-cell epitopes region. We therefore analyzed the interference of the HPV16 E5 protein in the NF-kB pathway. Our results showed that the variants HPV16E5_49PE and HPV16E5_85PE did not increase the potential of the pathway activation capacity. This study provides additional knowledge about the mechanisms of dispersion of the HPV16 E5 variants, providing evidence that these variants may be relevant to the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Consistency of Multi-Month Antiretroviral Therapy Dispensing and Association with Viral Load Coverage among Pediatric Clients Living with HIV in Mozambique
Authors: Meque Ivete , Herrera Nicole , Gill Michelle M. , Guilaze Rui , Nhangave Amancio , Mussá Jaciara , Bhatt Nilesh , Bonou Mahoudo , Greenberg Lauren
Published: June 2024

With the increase in uptake of multi-month antiretroviral therapy dispensing (MMD) for children, little is known about consistency of MMD receipt over time and its association with virological outcomes. This analysis aims to assess the uptake of 3-month MMD among children, consistent receipt of MMD after uptake, and clinical outcomes following transition to MMD in 16 health facilities in Gaza and Inhambane Provinces. This is a secondary analysis involving children <15 years living with HIV with clinical visits during the period from September 2019 to August 2020. Of 4383 children, 82% ever received MMD (at least one pickup of a 3-month MMD supply) during the study period but only 40% received it consistently (defined as MMD at every visit during the study period). Consistent MMD was most common among older children and children without indications of clinical instability. Overall viral load (VL) coverage was 40% (733/1851). Consistent MMD was significantly associated with lower odds of having a VL (0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95). In conclusion, while receipt of a multi-month supply was common particularly during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, only a minority of children received consistent MMD; however, there is a need to ensure children with fewer visits still receive timely VL monitoring.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Electric Jeepneys: A Philippine Perspective
Authors: Gumasing Ma. Janice J. , Ramos Elgene Dayne R. , Corpuz Joshua Nathaniel C. , Ofianga Angelo James B. , Palad Juan Miguel R. , Urbina Lyce Gariel B. , Mascariola Mellicynt M. , Ong Ardvin Kester S.
Published: June 2024

The implementation of e-jeepneys stands as a change process that will eventually transition to the modernization of the public transport system in the Philippines. To address concerns about jeepneys’ effects on the environment, energy use, society, the economy, and policies, their acceptability in the Philippines must be considered. This research study aims to identify the sources of influence on Filipinos’ adoption of e-jeepney utilization as a mode of transportation using the extended Pro-Environmental Planned Behavior (PEBP) model. A total of 502 commuters voluntarily answered the survey questionnaire. Based on the findings, perceived environmental concern (PEC) is the most significant determinant influencing attitude (AT) and, thus, affecting the Filipinos’ behavioral intention (BI) towards the adoption of e-jeepneys. Conversely, AT was the primary determinant of BI, which strongly supported the notion of AT as a strong driving force shaping behavioral decisions. Moreover, perceived authority support (PAS) emerged as a strong predictor of subjective norms (SNs), demonstrating the influence of institutional support on societal perceptions. As a result, more environmentally conscious people are more likely to view e-jeepneys positively and intend to use them as a mode of transportation. The endorsement or support from authoritative figures or institutions notably influences subjective norms, which are individuals’ perceptions of social pressures regarding the use of e-jeepneys.
Persepsi Wisatawan Lokal pada Interior Onshore Floating Resort
Authors: Nastiti Ratna Andriani , Ayuswantana Alfian Candra , Tanadda Onna Anieko , Fata Ibrahim , Herwina Nevlin Cresentia , Dini Mazaya Islami
Published: June 2024

Fenomena healing menjadi konsep yang cukup popular di Indonesia khususnya pasca kasus Covid-19 melanda beberapa tahun belakangan. “Healing” menjadi kata popular di laman pencarian google sebab kata ini memiliki makna pengganti kata “traveling”. Salah satu destinasi healing yang menarik adalah Bee Jay Bakau Resort, yang ada di Probolinggo. Sebagai contoh, salah satu destinasi uniq di kawasan pantai yang memiliki potensi ialah floating resort. Secara umum floating resort memberikan fasilitas menginap dengan pengalaman uniq berada di atas laut. Sehingga wisatawan dapat merasakan bagaimana hidup di atas laut dengan pemandangan yang dilengkapi dengan biota laut. Pengalaman terebut tentunya dapat tersampaikan kepada wisatawan dengan dukungan desain interior floating resort yang menarik dan memorable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi wisatawan terhadap interior floating resort. Adapun metode yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dimana responden dipilih dengan menggunakan snowball sampling approach. Perolehan data dilakukan dengan interview pada responden dengan teknik wawancara semi-struktur, sehingga diperoleh data yang sesuai dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan adanya perbedaan pada masing-masing persepsi wisatawan. Namun secara umum persepsi wisatawan berfokus pada aspek visual  dan audial pada desain interior. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mendesain interior floating resort khususnya pada kondisi pasca pandemic.
The Role Of Bale Sarasehan In The Maintenance And Preservation Of Local Cultural Identity in Cireundeu Traditional Village
Authors: Turmudzi Bassya Saquf , Fariz Muhammad Al , Putri Sarah Salmadha , Al Aziz Balya Ramdifa , Martana Salmon Priaji
Published: June 2024

Cireundeu traditional village is one of the traditional villages in West Java that still keeping its noble values applied to the community from generation to generation. These noble values are also applied through one of its architectural cultural products, Bale Sarasehan. Its existence is very important in terms of functional and symbolic aspects. Functionally, Bale Sarasehan acts as a gathering place for the community to carry out various traditional activities that can strengthen social ties and cultural values inherent in their identity, such as religious ceremonies, traditional art performances, a space to transmit and pass on cultural knowledge to the younger generation. While the building is symbolically conveyed through its architectural form and also the use of materials in its structure, it also has a connotative meaning or message about the life teachings of its community. This research uses a limited fieldwork method with a qualitative approach and collects data through observation, interviews and documentary studies. Through this research, it is expected to gain a better understanding of the role of Bale Sarasehan, which can contribute to the sustainability of the maintenance and preservation of local wisdom as a local cultural identity in Cireundeu Traditional Village.
Cireundeu traditional village is one of the traditional villages in West Java that still keeping its noble values applied to the community from generation to generation. These noble values are also applied through one of its architectural cultural products, Bale Sarasehan. Its existence is very important in terms of functional and symbolic aspects. Functionally, Bale Sarasehan acts as a gathering place for the community to carry out various traditional activities that can strengthen social ties and cultural values inherent in their identity, such as religious ceremonies, traditional art performances, a space to transmit and pass on cultural knowledge to the younger generation. While the building is symbolically conveyed through its architectural form and also the use of materials in its structure, it also has a connotative meaning or message about the life teachings of its community. This research uses a limited fieldwork method with a qualitative approach and collects data through observation, interviews and documentary studies. Through this research, it is expected to gain a better understanding of the role of Bale Sarasehan, which can contribute to the sustainability of the maintenance and preservation of local wisdom as a local cultural identity in Cireundeu Traditional Village.
Lessons Learned from Incorporating Climate Considerations in the Three Rivers Watershed-Based Plan
Authors: Carbone Gregory , Fleming Jory , Ellis Kathryn , Espinosa Guillermo
Published: June 2024

The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control has recently incentivized planners to incorporate climate change projections into watershed-based plans. Methods for doing so vary by geography, specific basin-level conditions, and available resources. This short communication documents an early example developed by a collaborative team including a council of governments, private contractor, and university researchers. We outline steps taken to construct climate change scenarios, incorporate them into a basin-level model, and develop a holistic approach to climate adaptation and resilience for the Three Rivers Watershed-Based Plan in the Columbia, South Carolina, metropolitan area. We present lessons learned about integrating appropriate climate change scenarios with hydrological tools and incorporating a community development strategy that addresses freshwater pollution and integrates cobenefits and equitable adaptation frameworks into the watershed-based planning process.
An Introduction to Consumptive Use of Water in South Carolina
Authors: Nix Heather , Rad Mani
Published: June 2024

Effective water resource management requires understanding the supply of and the demand for water. In South Carolina, as in other places, water demand is often determined using total withdrawal volumes. However, the volume of water that is withdrawn can be significantly different from the volume that is actually consumed, which becomes unavailable for downstream uses. Water used for energy generation is commonly excluded from evaluations of total withdrawal volume because it is often assumed to be no or low consumptive use, meaning much of the withdrawn water is returned to the source and remains available for downstream uses. Additionally, energy production withdrawal volumes may be significantly higher than other sectors’ usage and make it difficult to further compare water use of other sectors. Consumptive use volumes are not readily available for South Carolina and can be challenging to determine. However, estimates of consumptive use could allow more meaningful comparisons between water use sectors’ impacts. The objective of this short communication is to briefly discuss data sources, outline two relatively simple methods for calculating consumptive use with available data, identify challenges and opportunities for additional research, and provide preliminary estimates of consumptive water use volumes per water use sectors in South Carolina. Expanded discussion of consumptive water use of thermoelectric energy generation is included due to the significant total water withdrawals and unique challenges with calculating consumptive use of this sector. These results inform water resource planning and identify additional research opportunities.