bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prune-belly syndrome
Authors: Yenny Yenny , P. A Kusuma , M. P. Damanik
Published: March 2017

Prune-belly syndrome, also known as Eagle-Barretsyndrome, is a congenital anomaly comprisingthree clinical findings: deficient abdominalmusculature, urinary tract anomalies, andbilateral cryptorchidism. Other clinical findings involvingrespiratory, skeletal, digestion and cardiovascular systemmay also accompany the syndrome. The incidence isapproximately 1 : 30,000 to 40,000 live births and 95%of cases occur in boys. Pulmonary hypoplasia and kidneyfailure are important prognostic factors that contributeto 60% of mortality rate. Treatment includes surgicalcorrection of the abdominal wall and urinary tract,orchidopexy and other supportive managements.l-4 Wereport 4 cases on typical Prune-belly syndrome, togetherwith other clinical variants.
Deferiprone effectiveness in thalassemia major children with or without hepatitis B or C virus infection: a non-randomized study
Authors: Ananta Yovita , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Oswari Hanifah
Published: March 2017

Background A high incidence rate of hepatitis B or C virusinfection is found among thalassemia children in Indonesia. Thismay influence deferiprone effectiveness.Objective To determine the effectiveness of deferiprone inthalassemia children with or without hepatitis B or C virusinfection.Methods A non-randomized clinical study was performed atThalassemia Center Jakarta. Subjects were thalassemia childrenwith serum ferritin level > 1000 ng/mL who had hepatitis B orC virus infection. A match control pair was recruited based onsimilar duration of transfusion therapy, thalassemia type, andinitial serum ferritin level. All subjects received initial deferipronedose of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 months. Those whose ferritin decreased2:: 10% continued to receive deferiprone of 50 mg/kg/day for thefollowing 3 months. Otherwise, deferiprone dose was adjustedto 75 mg/kg/day.Results Forty-eight subjects were recruited. After 3 months oftreatment, 16/24 subjects without and 6/24 subjects with hepatitisB or C had their ferritin level decreased 2:: 10%. Mean ferritinserum level of all subjects after 6 months was significantly reducedfrom 4734 (SD 2116) to 3695 (SD 1709) ng/mL. Lower meandeferiprone dose, lower mean post- study ferritin serum level andhigher mean percentage of ferritin serum level decrement werefound in subjects without hepatitis B or C infection than thosewith infection.Conclusions Deferiprone 50-7 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months is effectivein reducing serum ferritin level of thalassemia major children; itis more effective in thalassemia children without hepatitis B or Cvirus infection.
Sodium channels of SCNIA gene mutations in generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) spectrum related to autism
Authors: Herini Elisabeth , Patria Yudha , Gunadi Gunadi , Yusoff Surini , Harahap Indra SAri Kusuma , Sunartini Sunartini , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Takada Satoshi , Nishio Hisahide
Published: March 2017

Background Mutations in the a-subunit of the first neuronalsodium channel gene SCNIA have been demonstrated forgeneralized epilepsy \\lith febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), severemyoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI), and borderline SMEI(SMEB). SCNIA mutations are also described in patients 'Withpsychiatric disorders such as autism.Objective To identify the mutations of SCNIA gene in patientswith GEFS+ spectrum which may be related to autism.Methods We examined four patients v.ith autism and GEFS+spectrum who were admitted to the Department of Child Health,Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Diagnosis of autism wasbased on DSM􀁟IV;ICD X criteria. Mutations in SCNIA wereidentified by PCRamplification and denaturing high􀁟performanceliquid chromatography analysis, Mth subsequent sequencing.Results There were four patients, all boys, aged 1.8 year to 7 years.The phenotypes of epilepsy were GEFS+ in one patient, SMEBin one patient and SMEI in two patients. Sequencing analysisrevealed a G􀁟to􀁟A heterozygous transition which was detectedat nucleotide c.4834G>A (p.V1612I ) in exon 25. Other singlenucleotid polymorphisms (SNPs) were c.383 +66T>C in intron 2,c.603-91G>A and c.603-1060> T in intron 4, c.965-21C> T inintron 6, c.1028+21T>Cin intron 7, c.2173G>A in exon 12 andc. 2177-38C>A, c.2177-12delT, c.2176+44C> T in intron 12.Conclusion In this study, we reported the first cases Mth mutationin SCNIA gene in GEFS+ spectrum related to autistic patientsin Indonesian population, which showed a missense mutationp.V16121. [Paediatr lndones. 2010;50:125-32].
Brainstem evoked response auditory in healthy term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Jafar Isman , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Sudjatmiko Sudjatmiko , Suwento Ronny , Malik Safarina G.
Published: March 2017

Background Bilirubin in healthy term neonates, especially free bilirubin (Bf), could enter brain cell and cause damage perceived by brainstem evoked response auditory (BERA). Studies identify that Bf is more associated to abnonnal BERA than total bilirubin is. Currently, phototherapy is perfonned in neonates with total bilirubin > 15 mg/dL. However, in developing countries where observation could not be done optimally, neonates \\lith totalbilirubin> 12 mg/dL will be subject for phototherapy.Objectives To determine the association between total bilirubin > 12 mg/dL and BERA abnonnalities in healthy tenn neonates, and the value of total bilirubin and free bilirubin that initiate abnonnal BERA.Methods This cross sectional study was carried out between March 31􀁅August 8, 2008, in healthy term neonates at rooming􀁅in ward, Department of Obstetric & Gy necology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). All eligible subjects were examined for Bf and BERA using standard methods. Results The prevalence of abnormal BERA was 15.4%. There was no significant relation between hy perbilirubinemia (> 12 mg/ dL) and abnonnal BERA in healthy tenn neonates. Lowest total bilirubin and Bf level related to abnonnal BERA were 12.4 mg/dL (mean 12.8 mg/dL) and O.oS)Lg/dL (mean l.3)Lg/dL), respectively. All BERA abnonnalities were unilateral.Conclusions There is no association between abnormal BERA and hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin> 12 mg/dL) in jaundiced infants who undergo phototherapy.
Mortality predictors of pneumonia in children
Authors: Kisworini Priyanti , Setyati Amalia , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: March 2017

Background Pneumonia is one of the main causes of death in children in developing countries. It is important to identify clinical signs, demographic factors, and laboratory data which can be used to predict children who have higher risk of mortality from pneumonia.Objective To find the clinical signs, demographic factors and laboratory data that can be used as predictors of mortality from pneumonia.Methods T his historical case􀀽control study was carried out in Sardjito Hospital between January 2004 and December 2006. Data were obtained from medical records. Differential proportion between groups was analyzed with chi square. Regression analysis was used to identify clinical factors, demographic factors and laboratory factors that associated with mortality from pneumonia.Results Fifty􀀽eight patients were enrolled in this study, 29 patients were dead (case group) and 29 patients were cured (control group). Baseline data between the two groups were similar in terms of gender and mean of age. Bivariate analyses show that the predictors of mortality in children with pneumonia were: age < 1 year (OR3.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 9.08), malnutrition (OR 7.30,95% CI 1.62- to 21.03), age of the mother < 20 years (OR 2.21,95%CI 1.64 to 2.97),t achycardia (OR 6.075,95% CI 1.18 to 31.24), and anemia (OR 5 .83, 95% CI 1.88 to 18.10). Logistic regression analysis shows that tachycardia (OR 6.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 36.17) and anemia (OR 4.41,95% CI 1.25 to 15.51) were predictor of mortality in children 'With pneumonia.Conclusions Tachycardia and anemia play as independent mortality predictors of pneumonia in children.
Nutritional status of school going children and adolescents aged 9-13 years at Haldia in West Bengal, India
Authors: Banik Sudip Datta , Chatterjee Soumita
Published: March 2017

Background Malnutrition in children and adolescents is a global problem. In developing nations of Africa and Southeast Asia, the prevalence of undernutrition in children is very high. There is scanty data 'With respect to the nutritional status of school going children and adolescents, especially from sub􀁉urban and rural areas in India.Objective A study was undertaken among boys (n = 174) and girls (n = 128) aged 9􀁉 13 years in a sub􀁉urban area of Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal in India to understand age and sex variation of nutritional status of the subjects.Methods A cross􀁉sectional study among the school􀁉going children and adolescent aged 9􀁉 13 years was done during June􀁉September 2009 in Haldia.Results Age and sex variation of anthropometric characteristics (body mass index or BMI and conicity index or CI) revealed that remarkable sections of both the sexes were suffering from underweight (8.30%), stunting (14.60%) and wasting (2.80%). Significant sex differences were observed in cases of mean CI (P=O.OO1), weight􀁉for􀁉age z􀁉score (P = 0.0001) and weight-for-height ,-score (P 􀀂 0.0001).Discussion Besides notable prevalence of under nutrition in both sexes, situation of the girls is worse (underweight - 11.70% and stunting - 21.10%) compared to the boys. This is most evident among the subjects of both sexes aged 11 and 12 years.
Comparison of pulmonary function test results before and after exercise in junior high school students
Authors: Zulkarnain Hendy , Lubis Munar , P. Gabriel , D. Ridwan M. , Lubis Helmi M.
Published: March 2017

Background During exercise, bronchoconstriction occurs due to heat loss from mucosal respiratory ract. Exercise test can be performed to evaluate hyper-reactivity of the bronchus. The examination of pulmonary function is beneficial to confinn the diagnosis, to determine precipitating factors, and to evaluate disease severity and therapeutic response.Objective To compare pulmonary function test values before and after exercise in junior high school students aged 13 to 15 years.Methods Experimental study of 60 junior high school students from Bilah Hulu was performed using spirometry to evaluate pulmonary function before and after eight minutes of exercise. Results Functional vital capacity (FVC) values before and after eight􀁅minute exercise were 2.20 (SD 0.52) and 2.18 (SD 0.42), respectively. There was no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P>0.05). The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) values before and aftereight minutes of exercise were 2.21 (SD 0.42) and 2.13 (SD 0.50) respectively. There was no significant difference between FEV 1 before and after the exercise (P>0.05).Conclusion Eight􀁅minute exercise does not influence the pulmonary function test results in healthy children.
Rapid improvement of respiratory quality in asthmatic children after "assisted drainage" therapy
Authors: Utomo Haryono , Harsono Ariyanto
Published: March 2017

Background  Whilst current asthma management is well-developed, there are still 5-10% uncontrolled asthma patients with unknown etiologies. However, its connection with oral focal infection is still uncertain. Therefore, a collaborated research for asthma management was conducted by pediatricians and dental practitioners. Within minutes after the "assisted drainage" therapy, a modification of healing root planning procedure, there is rapid improvement of respiratory function, ie., forced expiratory-volume one second (FEV1) in asthmatic children. This quick response usually achieved by oral inhalation.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the assisted drainage therapy in the improvement of respiratory quality.Methods Fifteen asthmatic children were subjected to a longitudinal study for two weeks. In tbe first week they were instructed for al lergen avoidance only and the fOllowing one week was combined with tbe assisted drainage therapy, followed by  mental health education and dental plaque control therapy. Each s'ubject was af'sef'sed for respiratory quality with a computerized spirometer and blood sampling test. Paired t-test analysis was used for statistical analysis.Results Assisted drainage therapy was performed, within minutes FEV1 increased significantly (P= 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences serum histamine (P= 0,001) pre and post treatment.Conclusions The assisted drainage therapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy for mild persistent asthma in children.
Acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children
Authors: Tirtamulia Kristellina Sangirta , Umboh Adrian , Warouw Sarah Maria , Pateda Vivekenanda , Regina Frecillia
Published: March 2017

Background Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by darkening and thickening of skin. AN has been reported to be linked to insulin resistance (IR), that associated with type 2 diabetes, in obese children in many country.Objective To determine the relation between acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children.Methods We conducted a cross sectional study in Wenang District, Manado, from October 2009 until January 2010. We examined 54 obese children aged 10-14  years for insulin resistance using Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). We analyzed the results byT-test and phi coefficient correlation. The value of P<O.05 was significant in statistical analysis.Results Acanthosis nigricans was positive in 33 children. Insulin resistance was found in 34 from 54 subjects, 28 of them has AN and 6has no AN. Obese children with AN had higher HOMA-IR than children without AN. Presence of AN was associated with IR (P<O.OOl, r=0.57).Conclusions There is a weak correlation between AN and IR in obese children. It is important to identify obese children with IR for early intervention and prevention of type  2 diabetes, but AN could not be a reliable marker of IR.
Reflux esophagitis in children with feeding problems: A preliminary study
Authors: Mulyani Lia , Hegar Badriul , Tumbelaka Alan R. , Krisnuhoni Ening
Published: March 2017

Background Untreated gastroesophageal reflux can cause reflux esophagitis, a condition characterized by damage to the esophageal mucous layer due to exposure to caustic gastric contents. Manifestation of esophagitis in young children include feedingproblems, irritability, and back􀀳arching. Persistent esophagitis may cause growth failure, gastric bleeding, and anemia. Reflux esophagitis should be considered an etiology of feeding problems, especially in children with a history of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy.Objective The purpose of this study is to detennine the prevalence of reflux esophagitis in children with feeding problems.Methods A cros-sectional study was done in November 2007 to April 2008. Children under 5 years of age with feeding problems and a history of regurgitation or vomiting started from age 6 months or more underwent endoscopy and biopsy examinations. Reflux esophagitis was diagnosed based on the Los Angeles classification of endoscopic examination.Results Reflux esophagitis was diagnosed in 18 of 21 children with feeding problems and a history of regurgitation or vomiting. Most subjects were boys aged 12 to36 months. Feeding problems has lasted for more than 6 months, regurgitation or vomitingfor more than 12 months, and suffered from mild malnutrition. Vomiting was observed to be a common symptom in children with reflux esophagitis.Conclusion The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in children with feeding problems and a history of regurgitation or vomiting started from age ≥ 6 months is high, therefore it will influence treatment.
Relationship between obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy in children
Authors: Rompis Johnny , Kaunang Erling David
Published: March 2017

Background Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) increasing morbidity-mortality rates. It is apparent that a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure and function occurs as excessive adipose tissue accumulates. This leads to a decrease in diastolic compliance, eventually resulting in an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and left ventricular enlargement.Objective To evaluate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among  obese using electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 children aged 10-15 years from February 2009 to October 2009. The subjects were divided into obese and control groups. Physical examination and standard 12 lead electrocardiography (ECG) were done in both groups.Results Of 37 obese children, LVH were featured in 3 subjects, while in control group, only 1 child had LVH (P= 0.304). We found that mean RV6 in obese and control group were 9.8446 (SD 3.5854) and 11.9662 (SD 3.2857), respectively (P=0.005). As an additional findings, we found that birth weight was related to obesity in children.Conclusion There is no relation between obesity and left ventricular using ECG criteria in obese children aged 10-15 years.
Detecting proteinuria: A comparison of diagnostic tests
Authors: Mauliddina Jeanida , Siregar Rosmayanti , Ramayani Oke Rina , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: March 2017

Background Proteinuria is a condition when protein is found in urine, a common symptom in children with renal disorders. Proteinuria can also be found in nonnal children and in those with non-renal disorders. A high sensitivity test is needed to detect proteinuria. Spectrophotometry has been used as a standard to detect proteinuria, however, it is expensive and not readily available in health clinics. We tested the use of20% sulfosalicylic add to detect proteinuria, and compared it to spectrophotometry. The sulfosalicylic add test is inexpensive, rapid, and easily performed in primary community health centers.Objective To compare 2 0 % sulfosalicylic acid test t o spectrophotometry as a diagnostic test for proteinuria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Adam Malik Hospital from September 2009 until December 2009. Inclusion criteria were children aged 3 to 18 years who experienced kidney disease. We collected 24 hour urine specimens from 55 children by consecutive sampling. Urine specimens were tested for proteinuria by 20% sulfosalicylic acid test and spectrophotometry.Results Sensitivity and specificity of 20% sulfosalicylic acid test compared to spectrophotometry were 88.1 % and 69.2%, respectively, with a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 90.2% and 64.3%, respectively.Conclusion The sulfosalicylic acid test had low sensitivity and specificity for detecting proteinuria, but it was more practical and less expensive compared to spectrophotometry.
Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in neonates in Bunda Women's and Children's Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kaban Risma Kerina , Wijaya Veronica
Published: March 2017

Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most connnon enzyme deficiency in the world. Itis a risk factor for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, which can cause serious complications such as bilirubin􀁗induced encephalopathy or kernicterus. WHO recommends universal neonatal screening for G6PD deficiency when the frequency exceeds 3􀁗5% of male newborns.Objective To assess the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among neonates in Bunda Women and C hildren Hospital (Bunda WCH), Jakarta, in order to detennine if there is a need for routine G6PD neonatal screening.Methods This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study; infants' data were obtained from medical records. From January 2009 to May 2010, all neonates in Bunda WCH were screened for G6PD deficiency on the yd day of life. Blood samples were collected using filter papers. We considered a result to be nonnal if it exceeded 3.6 U/g Hb.Results A total 1802 neonates were screened. We found 94 neonates (5.2%) with G6PD deficiency. Out of 943 males, 59 (6.26%) were G6PD deficient, and out of 859 females, 35 (4.07%) were G6PD deficient. We observed that prevalence of G6PD deficiency according to sex distribution was significantly higher in males than females (6.26% vs. 4.07%, P=0.037). There was no significant difference in the risk for severe hyperbilirubinemia between the G6PD deficient infants and the nonnal infants (P=0.804).Conclusions The frequencies of G6PD deficiency were 6.26% of male neonates and 4.07% of female neonates. We recommend universal neonatal screening for G6PD deficiencies in Jakarta since our findings exceed the WHO recommendation for routine testing.
Pulse pressure variation and systolic pressure variation in mechanically ventilated children
Authors: Nurman Johnny , Pudjiadi Antonius H. , Akib Arwin A. P.
Published: March 2017

Background In mechanically ventilated patients, changes in breathing patterns may affect the preload, causing stroke volume fluctuation. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are dynamic means of the hemodynamic monitoring in ventilated patients. No study on PPV and SPY in children has been reported to date.Objective To study changes in PPV and SPY values in mechanically ventilated children.Method A descriptive cross􀁏sectional study was done at the Pediatric Critical Care Unit (PICU), Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Subjects were mechanically ventilated children aged > 12 months. Echocardiography was performed in all patients to determine the cardiac index. Arterial pressure was measured by connecting an arterial line to a vital signs monitor. PPV and SPV were calculated using the standard formulas. Bivariate correlation tests were performed between cardiac index and PPV and between cardiac index and SPV. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to determine the optimum PPV and SPV cut-off points to predict normal cardiac index (2:3.5 L/minute/m2).Results Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study, yielding 48 measurements. Mean cardiac index was 2.9 (SD 1-2.6) L/minute/m2. Median PPV was 18.9 (range 4.1-45.5)% and SPV was 12.1 (range 3.8- 18.9)%. We found strong negative correlations between PPY and cardiac index (r= ; p = ) and SPY and cardiac index (r= ; p = ). To predict nonnal cardiac index, the optimum cut-off point was 11.4% for PPV (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity) and 9.45% for SPV (91.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity).Conclusion In mechanically ventilated children, cardiac index is negatively correlated with PPV and SPV.
Clinical manifestations and hematological and serological findings in children with dengue infection
Authors: Karyanti Mulya Rahma
Published: March 2017

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is endemic to Indonesia and remains a public health problem, with its highest incidence in children. There have been few reports on the clinical, hematological and serological data in children \\lith dengue.Objective To assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of children \\lith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods Clinical, hematological and serological infonnation from children diagnosed v.ith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were collected from 2007 to 2009.Results Of611 children admitted with dengue, 143 (23.4%) had dengue fever (DF), 252 (41.2%) had DHF grades I and II; and 216 (35.4%) had DHF grades III and IV. Of the 81 cases where dengue serotypes were identified, 12.3% were DENV1, 35.8% were DENV-2, 48.2% were DENV-3 and 3.7% were DENV-4. Mean age of subjects was 8.9 years (SD 4.4), and 48.4% of cases were boys. The mean length of fever before hospital admission was 4.2 days (SD 1.1) and mean length of stay in the hospital was 4 days (SD 2.7). Common symptoms observed were petechiae, hepatomegaly and epistaxis. Complications found mostly in those with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were hematemesis (30 cases, 4.9% of all patients), encephalopathy (19 cases, 3.1 %) and melena (17 cases, 2.8%).Conclusion Signs and symptoms of fever, bleeding manifestations and thrombocytopenia were present in children 'With DF and DHF, while signs of increased vascular permeability were found only in those 'With DHF. Encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding were found mostly in DSS cases. At admission, leukopenia was found in more DF patients than in DHF patients. Absence of leukopenia may be a sign of more severe dengue infection.
Effect of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy on T3, T 4 and TSH levels in newborns
Authors: Suratmin Suratmin , Lubis Siska Mayasari , Deliana Melda , Hakimi Hakimi
Published: March 2017

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants is associated v.ith maternal iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Infants from anemic mothers often have lower hemoglobin levels than those from non􀁐anemic mothers. S everal studies have suggested that IDA in infants can impair thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme which is required to produce thyroid hormones. Objective To detennine the effects of IDA during pregnancy on T3, T4, and TSH levels in newborns.Methods We conducted a cross􀁐sectional study from September to December 2010 in two hospitals. Mothers' blood specimens were examined for IDA. Newborns' hematocrit, hemoglobin, ferritin, T3, T4, and TSH levels were measured in umbilical vein bloodspecimens taken at 24 hours of life.Results Mean T3, T4, and TSH levels of 40 newborns whose mothers suffered from IDA were 2.2 nmollL (SD 1.19), 8.4 ug/dL (SD 6.12), and 15.3 mIU/mL (SD 3.99),  respectively. There was no significant relationship between maternal IDA duringpregnancy and infant T3 and TSH levels (P=0.96, P=0.29, respectively ). However, maternal IDA significantly correlated 'With infant T4 levels.Conclusion There was no significant relationship between maternal IDA during pregnancy and levels of T3 and TSH in newborns. However, maternal IDA significantly correlated with lower infant T4 levels.
Comparison of quinine-doxycycline and quinine-clindamycin for falciparum malaria in children
Authors: Daulay Ditho Athos P. , Trisnawati Yunnie , Lubis Syamsidah , Lubis Munar , Pasaribu Syahril
Published: March 2017

Objective To compare the efficacy of quinine-doxycycline to quinine-clindamycin combination, as treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children.Methods This randomized open labelled controlled trial was conducted from July to August 2007 at Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara Province. The subjects were 8 – 18 year old children with positive Plasmodium falciparum from the peripheral blood smear. Simple randomization was performed to determine subject study into two groups of treatment, one group received quinine-clindamycin and the other received quinine-doxycycline treatment. The parasitemia was counted on day 0, 2, 7 and 28. We also observed the adverse effects of the antimalarial combination.Results Two hundred and forty six children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. All subjects completed the study. Cure rate achieved 100% from peripheral blood smear examination at the second day observation and showed no recrudescence at day 28th. (P=0.0001). During 28 days follow up, there were 21 (17.6%) patients suffered from headache, 18 (14.6%) vomit and 40 children (32.5%) suffered from tinnitus in quinine-doxycycline combination, compared to quinine-clindamycin combination group only 4 (3.3%) suffered from headache, 1 (0.8%) suffered from tinnitus and there was no vomiting experience in any patient (P < 0.0001).Conclusion Combination of quinine with either clindamycin or doxycycline are effective as an alternative antimalarial treatment. The combination of quinine-clindamycin is well tolerated than the combination of quinine-doxyciline, and this combination may be particular value for young children and pregnant women, as these two groups cannot receive doxycycline.
Admission characteristics of pediatric chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Trihono Partini Pudjiati
Published: March 2017

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a potentially fatal disease if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are important to slow progression to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis.Objective We aimed to find characteristics of CKD patients at admission and evaluate factors associated with end-stage CKD (stage 5).Methods Our cross-sectional study was based on medical records of CKD patients aged less than 18 years in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, from January 2007 to December 2009. Diagnosis and stages of CKD were based on the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) criteria. Data on disease etiology, symptoms, nutritional status and laboratory tests were collected. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between end-stage CKD and its possible risk factors.Results Of the 142 cases eligible for analysis, 55% were boys. Subjects’ median age was 73.5 months (interquartile range of 23.5-122.5 months). Edema and recurrent fever were the two most frequent symptoms of CKD if diagnosed at stages 2-4, while breathlessness was the most frequent symptom of CKD if diagnosed at stage 5. The most common etiologies were glomerulonephritis (49.3%) and anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (32.4%). Of our CKD subjects, 21.8% were in stage 5. Independent predictors of stage 5 CKD at presentation were hypertension (OR 3.88; 95% CI 1.17 to 12.87; P=0.026), urea level > 60 mg/dL (OR 39.11; 95%CI 4.86 to 314.74; P<0.001) and non-glomerulonephritis as the etiology (OR 6.51; 95%CI 2.12 to 19.92; P<0.001).Conclusion Glomerular disease was the most common cause of CKD in our study. Stage 5 CKD was present in 21.8% of subjects at admission and could be predicted by the presence of hypertension, high serum urea level, and non-glomerular disease as the etiology.
Effect of massage stimulation on weight gain in full term infants
Authors: Dewi Nyoman Nursari , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih , Prawirohartono Endy Paryanto
Published: March 2017

Background Massage is a tactile/kinesthetic stimulation with biochemical and physiological effects on the body. Newborn infant massage stimulation given by mothers may promote maternal-infant bonding and attachment, enhance infant weight gain and stimulate the production of breast milk. There have been few studies on the effect of massage stimulation on weight gain in full term infants, and this topic remains controversial.Objective To examine the effect of massage stimulation on weight gain in full term infants.Methods This quasi-experimental study was held in Sanglah Hospital and Bunda Setia Maternity Clinic. Massage stimulation was performed by mothers once daily for a four week period. Massage stimulation was given to 30 full term infants and their weight gain was compared to 31 control infants who did not receive massages.Results There were no differences in subject characteristics between the massage and control groups. Median weight gain in the massage group was 1230 grams, while that in the control group was 830 grams (P=0.028).Conclusion Weight gain in full term infants in the massage group was significantly greater than that in the control group after 4 weeks.
Correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopy in children
Authors: Apandi Putria Rayani , Setiabudiawan Budi , Sukadi Abdurachman
Published: March 2017

Background The prevalence of childhood obesity and atopy has increased in recent decades. Research on links between obesity and atopy has shown varied results. Few previous studies have reported on the significance of family history of atopic disease in children.Objective To determine correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopic disease in children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2010 in the Pediatric Allergy-Immunology subdivision, Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Children aged 6−11 years were divided into four groups of 40 each: obese subjects with and without family history of atopic disease, and normal weight subjects with and without family history of atopic disease. Skin prick test was performed to determine which subjects had atopy. Chi-square test was used to analyze mutual independence, and partial Chi-square test was used to analyze correlation of obesity to atopy and family history of atopic disease in children. Environmental factors, type of childbirth, and pregnancy history were also analyzed as risk factors for atopy.Results Of 80 obese children with and without family history of atopic disease, 40 (100%) and 38 (95%), respectively, were atopic. Of 80 normal weight children with and without family history of atopic disease, 39 (98%) and 9 (23%), respectively, were atopic. Thus atopy was observed in 126 subjects, while the remaining 34 subjects were non-atopic. Partial test showed a correlation between obesity with atopy and family history of atopic disease (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in risk factors for atopy by group.Conclusion Obesity correlates with atopy and family history of atopic disease in children.
Lansoprazole for recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents
Authors: Surya Ade Saifan , Nafianti Selvi , Deliana Melda , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Sinuhaji Atan Baas
Published: March 2017

Background Recurrent abdominal pain is common among adolescents. School absenteeism and lower quality of life are associated with severity of symptoms. Lansoprazole has been used to treat recurrent abdominal pain.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of lansoprazole as a treatment for recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents.Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial from August 2009 to October 2009. Adolescents suffering recurrent abdominal pain were eligible for the study. Simple randomization was done to divide subjects into two groups. Groups received 30 mg of lansoprazole or placebo, once a day for 14 days. Before treatment, we performed laboratory and physical examinations. Pain frequency was measured in number of abdominal pain episodes per month. Duration was measured in minutes and pain intensity was measured by a pain rating scale. Drug efficacy was measured before, during and after intervention. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test and t-test.Results One hundred sixteen recurrent abdominal pain patients were randomized into two groups of 58 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in pain frequency before and after treatment for either the lansoprazole group or the placebo group (P=0.083, 95%CI, -0.033 to 0.021 and P=0.096, 95%CI -0.376 to 0.031, respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences in frequency, duration, and degree of abdominal pain at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment between the two groups.Conclusion Lansoprazole was not more effective than the placebo for treatment of recurrent abdominal pain among adolescents.
Assessing the quality of life of asthmatic children using the PedQL™
Authors: Wigoeno Yulia , Sekartini Rini , Setyanto Darmawan Budi , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki
Published: March 2017

Background Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Its prevalence in Indonesia is 6.7 - 10%. Asthma influences growth, development and quality of life in affected children. Studies abroad have shown that children with asthma have a decreased quality of life (QoL), yet such data is limited in Indonesia.Objective To assess quality of life of asthmatic children in Indonesia, the influence of sociodemographic and medical characteristics on QoL, and to compare child self-reporting to their parents’ proxy-reporting.Methods This descriptive analysis, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2010. We assessed the quality of life of asthmatic children aged 2-18 years using the PedsQLTM 4.0 generic scale.Results A total of 100 asthmatic children and their parents were included, with 43% of the subjects aged 8-12 years and a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. We observed that 26.8% of children who self-reported had impaired QoL, while 35% of children who reported by proxy had impaired QoL. In a multivariate analysis, we found the following characteristics to independently influence QoL: male gender (P 0.018 OR 0.26 95% CI 0.08 to 0.9) based on child self-report, and having partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma based on self-report and proxy-report (P 0.013 OR 6.24 95% CI 1.48 to 26.37 and P 0.018 OR 3.43 95% CI 1.24 to 10.05, respectively). There was good correlation between the self-report and the proxy-report on emotional and social functioning (r > 0.5), yet we found physical and school functioning to be weakly correlated (r < 0.5).Conclusions We observed a relatively high (26.8-35%) impaired QoL in asthmatic patients. Parental assessment of their child’s QoL was generally lower than the child’s self-assessment. Male gender is a protective factor against impaired QoL, but having partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma is a risk factor for lower QoL. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:245-51].
Does 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate alter blood pressure and heart rate in children with ADHD?
Authors: Wiguna Tjhin , Wibisono Sasanto , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Suyatna Fransiscus D.
Published: March 2017

Objective To identify the cardiovascular effects of long-acting methylphenidate administered for twelve weeks in Indonesian children with ADHD.Methods This was an 18-week, time series study on children with ADHD who were given 20 mg of long-acting methylphenidate for twelve weeks. During the study period we made ten serial observations of the subjects, including before, during and 6 weeks following drug administration. We included drug naive children with ADHD between the ages of 7 – 10 years. Children with mental retardation and chronic physical or mental disorders were excluded. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer with a child’s cuff at the brachial artery. We also collected data on heart rate, side effects, complaints and other medications used during the study. Repeated analysis was performed on the data with a P level of 0.05.Results Twenty-one subjects were recruited for this study. Mean blood pressure fluctuated insignificantly during the research period, for both mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressures (P=0.115 and P=0.059). Mean heart rate also fluctuated insignificantly (P=0.091). All fluctuations were within the normal ranges. During the study, there were complaints of dizziness, nausea, and gastrointestinal upset, but they were reportedly mild and disappeared before the second week of observation.Conclusion Administration of 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate for twelve weeks in children with ADHD altered mean blood pressures and heart rates, but within the normal range for children of their age. However, cardiovascular risk observation is still needed when administering methylphenidate to children with ADHD, especially for those using the medication long-term.[Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:282-7].
Risk factors for malnutrition in under-five children: one year after the Yogyakarta earthquake
Authors: Nurani Neti , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Ismail Djauhar
Published: March 2017

Background Malnutrition in children under the age of five remains a major health problem, since half of mortality cases in this age group involve malnutrition. The 2006 earthquake caused destruction of physical, biological and socio-economic environments, potentially leading to malnutrition in Yogyakarta children.Objective To identify the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in Yogyakarta children under five years of age, one year after the 2006 earthquake.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among children aged 0 to 60 months in the Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta from September to October 2007. Nutritional status was determined using weight for height Z-scores, according to the WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards.Results Out of 666 subjects, we found severe malnutrition, undernutrition, normal weight, and overweight status in 1.7%, 4.8%, 88.6% and 4.8%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for malnutrition were not having been weighed during the previous three months (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8) and having acute respiratory infection in the previous two weeks (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8)Conclusion One year following the 2006 earthquake, acute respiratory infection in the previous two weeks and unmonitored growth in the previous three months were risk factors for malnutrition in children under five years.
Amitriptyline for migraine prophylaxis in adolescents
Authors: Dimyati Yazid , Zulkifli Astri Nurhayati , Trilaksono Pranoto , Saing Johannes H. , Saing Bistok
Published: March 2017

headaches in children and adolescents. Amitriptyline efficacy as a prophylactic treatment for migraine in adults has been widely studied, but there is limited data on its use in children and adolescents.Objective To determine the efficacy of amitriptyline for prophylactic treatment of migraine in adolescents.Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized, clinical trial study in Medan, North Sumatra, from July to October 2009. All participants had migraines, according to the International Headache Society criteria. They were divided into two groups, receiving either 10 mg amitriptyline or a placebo daily for 3 months. Headache frequency (days per month), headache duration (hours) and information to assess functional disability according to the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS) were recorded by subjects. Efficacy was measured before, during and after intervention.Results A total of 98 patients, aged 12 – 19 years (mean age 14.7 years) enrolled and were divided into the amitriptyline and placebo groups. Compared with baseline, there were significant differences in headache frequency and PedMIDAS score in the amitriptyline group (P=0.001, 95% CI 2.02 to 2.94 and P=0.001, 95% CI 7.64 to 9.76, respectively), but not in the placebo group (P >0.05) after 3 months of treatment. We also found that amitriptyline significantly decreased headache frequency, duration, and functional disability compared to the placebo, after 3 months of treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion Amitriptyline was effective for prophylactic treatment of migraine in adolescents after 3 months of intervention.
Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Indonesian children infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Tjitra Emiliana , Delima Delima , Hasugian Armedy Ronny , Siswantoro Hadjar , Avriana Rossa , Sampurno Ondri Dwi
Published: March 2017

Background Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DPQ) has been used since 2006 in Papua, Indonesia and is planned as an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy for wider use in Indonesia. Confirmation of the drug’s efficacy and safety in children outside Papua is needed.Objective To measure the day-42 clinical and parasitological efficacy of DPQ in children with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria.Methods This cross-sectional and observational study was held in Kalimantan and Sulawesi in 2010. Seventy and sixty children under 15 years of age with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria were selected according to the 2003 WHO protocol for monitoring therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial treatments and was confirmed by microscopy and PCR. All subjects were treated with DPQ based on a dosage regimen of dihydroartemisinin 2-4 mg/kg BW/dose and piperaquine 16-32 mg/kg BW/dose, in single daily doses for 3 days and closely observed for 42 days. Data was analyzed using intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) populations.Results The mean fever and asexual parasite clearance times were 1.0 day and 1.6 days, respectively, in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and 1.1 days and 1.2 days, respectively, in children with uncomplicatedvivax malaria. Clinical symptoms reduced over 50% by day 7. Hemoglobin recoveries showed improvement on days 14, 28 and 42, at 70.6%, 83.8%and 89.1%, respectively, in the falciparum malaria group, and 60.3%, 65,5% and 83.6%, respectively, in thevivax malaria group. Adequate clinical and parasitological response to DPQ on day 42 in the ITT and PP populations were reported as 98.6% (95% CI 92.3 to 99.7%) and 100% (95% CI 94.7 to 100%), respectively, in the falciparum group, and 91.7% (95% CI 81.9 to 96.4%) and 96.5% (95% CI 88.1 to 99.0%), respectively, the vivax group. Mild adverse events commonly noted were cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting.Conclusion DPQ was effective against falciparum and vivax malaria with adequate clinical and parasitological response of ≥ 95%, rapid fever and asexual parasite clearance, good hematological recovery and mild adverse events.
PERJUMPAAN ISLAM DAN KATOLIK (Upaya Mencari Akar Epistemologi Tentang Konsep Keselamatan)
Authors: Muthalib Abdullah
Published: March 2017

Every religion has a concept of salvation based on transcendent values of the religion. Islam as a religion of revelation has the concept of salvation based on the messages contained Allah in the Qur’an and Hadith of the Prophet are valid. With reference to the ethical principles of Islam, the doctrine of salvation is the main point ranging in religion, with this principle, people feel the need to claim to believe and submit to the values of the revealed God. A person of faith is essentially aims to achieve safety, both in his life on earth and in the Hereafter. In the Catholic Christian religion also found a number of principles are the same theology that is taught about the importance of safety. In the book of the old covenant and new covenant be emphasized that the safety ranging point in the theology. In Islam and Catholicism, the concept of divinity is the same both believe in Almighty God (monotheism). Both believe that Isa (Jesus) and Muhammad. As the bearer of divine revelation. Although Islam to explain the concept of the deity in various contexts and meanings, while the Catholic meaning of salvation is placed in a variety of different verses, but the meaning remains the same.
SAMIN DAN KEHUTANAN JAWA ABAD XIX
Authors: Purwanto Agus
Published: March 2017

However, historically, Samin resistance by the end of XIX centery was sparked by two main issues, eg. forestry and taxation. Historical explanation on the fist issue, the relationship between Samin movement and forestry, is rarely discussed. On the other hand, Samin’s spiritual values—based on Adam religion teaching—are also frequently ignored from causalities discussion. The Samin’s Movement at XIX century showed the values they fiht for are religiosity, ethics of life, political ethics, farming knowledge, and forest point of view. The knowledge systems of farming based on their high appreciation for human being role in altering nature become food. On the other hand, the Java land, inclusive of forest in it is Entrusted by God creation of Pandawa to Javanese. Second, the history of management of Java Forest since Daendels’s era till appearance of Forestry Regulation 1865 and Agraria’s Law 1870 really progressively clarify interaction demarcation experience of among Samin with his forest.
Kemiskinan Pemikiran dalam Kajian Islam di Indonesia Menuju Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Profetik
Authors: Rahardjo Dawam
Published: March 2017

In relation to the criticism that the study of Islamic thought is still dominated by bayani approach, al-jabri and Hassan Hanaf advocated for more rational approach or approaches developed Burhani. Bayani epistemology dominance has became the target of criticism liberal Islamic thinkers. The main hypotheses that I would suggest is that science Islam (Islamic science) it is essentially a science of piece (peace science) through the analysis of the relationship between human beeings with each other and with nature. The second hypothesis is that Islamic science as a science of peace it needs to begin with review of Islamic science traditional and perfoms studies on social monotheism, social jurisprudence and social Sufim. The third hypothesis is that methodologically, the Islamic science as a science of peace held in the social and humanitarian (humanities) through the study of social sciences prophetic.