bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relations internationales et expérience américaine : le voyage au bout de la nuit des
étudiants montréalais aux États-Unis (1947-1955)
Authors: Poitras Daniel
Published: March 2021

Cet article porte sur une série de rencontres qui ont eu lieu de 1947 à 1955 entre
les étudiants de l’Université de Montréal et leurs confrères américains dans différentes
villes de part et d’autre de la frontière. À l’occasion des événements organisés par les
Clubs des relations internationales (CRI), les Udémiens se sont transformés en ambassadeurs
patentés du Québec à l’étranger et ont par la suite raconté en détail leurs aventures. Leur
« moment américain » a bousculé plusieurs de leurs représentations et les a incités à
explorer de nouvelles avenues pour articuler le rôle de la jeunesse, l’expérience du temps
propre au Canada français et la mission de l’université francophone en Amérique. Je montre
que l’approche critique qu’ont adoptée les Udémiens par rapport aux discours de leurs aînés
et particulièrement de leurs professeurs, tout en leur ouvrant un espace discursif propre,
tenait justement à cette remise en jeu de certaines idées reçues par l’affirmation d’un
enracinement en Amérique qui mettait en valeur, mais pour mieux les projeter dans le futur,
l’exception(nalité) canadienne-française et son patrimoine culturel européen et français.
Un Américain au Québec : Everett C. Hughes à la découverte du Canada français
Authors: Vienne Philippe
Published: March 2021

Everett C. Hughes, de 1927 à 1938, a mené une étude sociologique pionnière de la société québécoise « en transition » par des recherches empiriques. Son analyse sociologique « à la Chicago » implique une réflexion sur les relations ethniques entre deux groupes (tensions et interrelation) et, plus spécifiquement, sur la frontière ethnique où se rencontrent ces groupes. Cet article vise à décrire la « socialisation adulte » (adult socialization) du sociologue de terrain, qui entraîne la transformation du « soi » (self), quand ce dernier découvre une communauté « autre » que celle où il a vécu sa socialisation primaire et s’en imprègne, à la source d’un enrichissement mutuel de longue durée entre Hughes et le Québec.
Des déterminismes aux déterminations; sur les vertus heuristiques de l’enquête ethnographique : l’apport américain à la construction de la sociologie au Québec
Authors: Parent Frédéric , Sabourin Paul
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous questionnons sur ce que la pensée sociologique québécoise doit à la pensée sociologique américaine. Il ne s’agit pas ici d’évoquer de possibles influences, mais de montrer de façon empirique les transformations cognitives induites, favorisées et consolidées par les écrits d’auteurs américains afin de rendre intelligible la constitution de la société québécoise. Nous retraçons en première partie la contribution américaine dans le développement d’une théorie sociologique de la connaissance chez le premier sociologue canadien, Léon Gérin, et dans le conflit qui l’oppose à ses collègues français. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux continuateurs de l’enquête ethnographique au Canada. Dans les deux cas, le Canada français apparaît comme un laboratoire énigmatique en Amérique en raison d’un développement singulier qui n’est pas, par exemple, celui des États-Unis. La découverte quasi obligée de la dimension symbolique de la réalité sociale et, plus spécifiquement, du « facteur culturel » se fera par la mise au jour de rationalités sociales multiples, en rien réductibles à la rationalité de l’homo economicus.
Évaluation des besoins de santé et intégration à la culture francophone, anglophone et autochtone chez les enfants métis en milieu minoritaire
Authors: LeBlanc Angèle , Roy-Charland Annie , Paquette Tara , Boulard Poirier Jessica , Young Nancy L.
Published: March 2021

Ce projet a pour objectif d’adapter et de traduire un questionnaire lié à la santé et au bien-être des enfants métis : la Mesure de la santé et du bien-être des enfants métis (MSBEM), en plus de déterminer si les enfants métis de la communauté du Grand Sudbury sont davantage intégrés à la culture autochtone, francophone ou anglophone.
Les services éducatifs complémentaires à la formation professionnelle : qu’en est-il pour les 16-19 ans ?
Authors: Beaudoin Carl , Rousseau Nadia , Thibodeau Stéphane , Borri-Anadòn Corina
Published: March 2021

La formation professionnelle (FP) au Québec est actuellement influencée par le contexte favorable pour l’emploi amplifié par la pénurie de main-d’oeuvre. Elle représente une avenue prometteuse pour les élèves en quête d’une première qualification. Reconnaissant que la FP accueille de plus en plus d’élèves ayant des besoins particuliers (ÉBP), cela nous incite à réfléchir aux services éducatifs complémentaires (SÉC) offerts pour répondre aux besoins de ces derniers. Issu d’un projet plus vaste d’enquête nationale, cet article vise à brosser, du point de vue des directions des centres de formation professionnelle (CFP) du Québec ou de leur représentant, le portrait des élèves de 16-19 ans qui les fréquentent et de leurs besoins en matière de SÉC. Dans la foulée de nos résultats statistiques, nous discuterons des difficultés relatives au dénombrement des ÉBP et, par conséquent, de la complexité d’offrir des SÉC en cohérence avec leurs besoins.
Quels rôles joue l’aide-enseignant en contexte inclusif ? Constats et enjeux
Authors: Rousseau Nadia , Desmarais Marie-Élaine
Published: March 2021

Cet article présente des résultats d’une métasynthèse qui avait comme principal objectif de produire de nouvelles connaissances sur l’opérationnalisation et les conditions de mise en oeuvre de pratiques plus inclusives au primaire et au secondaire. Outre les résultats quant aux apports et aux limites des pratiques qui tendent vers l’inclusion, au rôle central que joue la collaboration au sein du projet inclusif et à l’importance du leadership de la direction d’école à cet égard, nombre de textes analysés mettent en évidence le rôle tantôt clairement défini tantôt intuitif de l’aide-enseignant. Cet article vise à expliciter les apports et les limites du rôle de l’aide-enseignant en contexte inclusif, et ce, en ce qui concerne tant son rapport aux élèves qu’il accompagne que son rapport aux enseignants qu’il soutient.
Comment exercer une gestion rationnelle axée sur les résultats ? Exemple de la mesure de l’effet d’un programme orthopédagogique sur le rendement des élèves
Authors: Boyer Christian , Bissonnette Steve
Published: March 2021

Le Renouveau pédagogique de l’an 2000 au Québec n’a pas été conçu et implanté d’une manière rigoureuse et rationnelle. Cette manière de faire constitue même l’exemple de ce qu’il faut éviter. Le monde scolaire, incluant le ministère de l’Éducation du Québec, aurait avantage à utiliser une gestion rationnelle axée sur les résultats (GRAR). Cet article décrit succinctement le cadre général de la GRAR pour ensuite en présenter une application concrète concernant l’effet d’un programme orthopédagogique sur le rendement. L’approche orthopédagogique en question est le programme DIR (Développement intensif du raisonnement) en lecture, connu aussi sous le vocableIntervention intensive en lecture. La GRAR pourrait aussi être employée pour évaluer d’autres types de programmes ou de services pédagogiques ou orthopédagogiques.
RESPONSABILITÉS ET RÔLES INSTITUTIONNELS ET INTERINSTITUTIONNELS DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA FORMATION DES ENSEIGNANTS ASSOCIÉS AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Pellerin Glorya , Portelance Liliane , Vivegnis Isabelle , Boisvert Geneviève
Published: March 2021

Parmi les acteurs gravitant autour du stagiaire, l’enseignant associé occupe une place cruciale. Vu l’importance et la complexité de son rôle, il est encouragé à participer aux activités de formation offertes aux formateurs de stagiaires. Depuis 2008, les responsables universitaires de ces formations se concertent en vue de les harmoniser et de les bonifier. Se développe également une collaboration avec des représentants du milieu scolaire. Les rôles et les responsabilités institutionnels et interinstitutionnels de chacun étant peu définis, et les cultures universitaire et scolaire étant distinctes, la collaboration ne va pas nécessairement de soi. Des entretiens individuels avec sept responsables, issus d’autant d’universités francophones québécoises, ont permis de dégager des similitudes et des spécificités dans les pratiques.
IMPACT DE LA FORMATION ET DE L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT PÉDAGOGIQUE DESTINÉS AUX NOUVEAUX PROFESSEURS D’UNIVERSITÉ SUR LEUR TÂCHE RÉELLE : COMPARAISON INTERNATIONALE (CANADA–FRANCE)
Authors: Gravelle France , Ménard Louise , Hoffmann Christian , Lameul Geneviève , Bédard Denis , Leduc Diane , Bégin Christian
Published: March 2021

Cet article présente une partie des résultats issus d’une recherche qualitative internationale qui a été menée au Canada et en France qui s’intitule « Effets de la formation et de l’accompagnement pédagogiques sur les pratiques des nouveaux professeurs d’université et leurs étudiants ». Considérant que la tâche réelle d’un professeur d’université a été soumise à de nombreux changements depuis ces dernières années, plusieurs universités ont décidé de développer des dispositifs de formation et d’accompagnement pédagogique, afin de préparer les nouveaux professeurs à exercer leurs fonctions. Après quelques années d’existence, peu de recherches portent sur leurs effets. Cet article a pour but de présenter les résultats qui semblent avoir eu un impact sur l’expérience d’enseignement vécue pendant le déroulement de la recherche.
Libertad de informar sobre procesos judiciales y riesgo de perturbar al juez
Authors: Fayos Gardó Antonio
Published: March 2021

El Ministerio de Justicia tiene previsto llevar próximamente al Consejo de Ministros una reforma de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial en la que podría incluir toda una serie de medidas encaminadas a regular situaciones delicadas que surgen en el marco de un proceso, para frenar así las perturbaciones que se producen sobre asuntos judiciales de especial interés público. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre dicha posible reforma.
Confianza traicionada
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: March 2021

El Tribunal de Cuentas aprobó la semana pasada los informes relativos a la financiación de los partidos políticos durante los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. Mientras dichos informes son remitidos a las Cortes, tal como es preceptivo, el propio órgano fiscalizador ha avanzado sus conclusiones en un comunicado: una vez más, existen irregularidades en las donaciones privadas recibidas por los partidos y sus fundaciones.
Compartir para salir de la crisis
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: March 2021

Las redes sociales nos han devuelto la capacidad de confiar, cooperar y compartir. Y algunos autores coinciden en que no deberíamos limitar estas actitudes únicamente al ámbito social. En esta línea, empresas como IBM y Boeing ya han aplicado modelos colaborativos para lanzar nuevos productos con resultados exitosos. Compartiendo ideas, recursos y gastos podremos compartir también beneficios.
La esencia de la publicidad, en Barcelona
Authors: Vilajoana Alejandre Sandra
Published: March 2021

¿Cuál fue la primera agencia de publicidad de España y cómo trabajaba? ¿Qué soportes utilizaba la publicidad en el siglo XIX? ¿Eran creativos los anuncios a principios del siglo XX? Estas y otras muchas preguntas relacionadas con los orígenes de la publicidad moderna encuentran respuesta en la exposición Publicidad en Cataluña 1857-1957 Roldós y los pioneros. Cien años de publicidad nos esperan en el Palau Robert de Barcelona. ¿Nos acompañas?
El horror en casa
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: March 2021

A pesar de que el terror ha tenido tradicionalmente ciertas dificultades para consolidarse en las parrillas de la programación televisiva, en los últimos meses han irrumpido con fuerza en las pantallas domésticas algunos productos que hacen del horror sin concesiones su principal atractivo. ¿Es este auge del terror una moda efímera o, por el contrario, es la constatación de que la producción de entretenimiento televisivo acaba siempre siendo el reflejo de profundos síntomas culturales?
Las TIC desde el retrovisor
Authors: Gabelas José Antonio
Published: March 2021

De mitos y TIC ya escribí hace un tiempo. Retomo el tema con lo que algunos hemos llamado paradojas de las TIC, en el último congreso sobre educación mediática, celebrado en Segovia este año. Me parece sugerente la imagen del retrovisor para explicar que la escuela con su Web 2.0 todavía no ha encontrado la carretera y marcha con los espejos cambiados. El coche de los alumnos circula deprisa, está lleno de ventanas y cristales. Desde el retrovisor perciben los intentos de la institución por enseñarles algo que ya saben o que no les interesa. El modelo comunicativo de las aulas sigue siendo el de siempre aunque con “pizarras digitales” y “un ordenador por niño/a”.
Hecha la ley, hecha la trampa
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: March 2021

No hay respuesta más ambigua que un sí y un no juntos. Esta es también la opinión que dan los expertos en legislación a la hora de analizar la Ley de la Ciencia española: confusa y difícil de interpretar. Parte de la Ley acaba de entrar en vigor a inicios del mes de diciembre, el resto hace unos meses, pero ahora nos centraremos sólo en el artículo sobre el acceso abierto y miraremos qué nos dicen cada uno de los puntos en que se divide.
Macro- and microcosm in S.I. Taneev’s cantata “At the reading of a psalm”
Authors: Tereshchenko Vladimir Petrovich
Published: March 2021

In the last work by S.I. Taneev - a cantate “At the reading of a psalm” - a multifaceted mastery of the composer, his artistic convictions, which had defined his life journey, manifested themselves to the highest degree. In some research works of the Soviet period, rather ambiguous and tendentious assertions about the meaning and the content of the cantata can be found. Usually, they disavow the key - religious and philosophical - context of the composition, and only the works of the recent decades focus on this aspect. The author of this article offers the variant of the interpretation of the religious and philosophical concept of the composition based on the analysis of the composer’s work with a literary text and the detection of semantic interrelations between the poetic and the musical contents of the cantata. The author concludes that Taneev doesn’t set himself a task to literally reflect the literary text in music, but uses it, principally, as a source of colorful vivid associations, the preassigned order of which allows him to create a particular religious and philosophical worldview. The musical part of the cantata can be divided into two conceptual spheres: macrocosm - the universe in its religious and philosophical understanding (NN 1-4), and microcosm - a person and the way of her spiritual evolvement in the world, leading to the understanding of the highest moral fundamentals of life, formulated in the sacred text (NN 5-9).   
The first jazz gramophone record: the music of the moment which became timeless
Authors: Rykunin Vladislav Vyacheslavovich
Published: March 2021

Jazz is the first type of music art the earliest stage of development of which had been recorded. A single play recorded in 1917 by the quintet Original Dixieland “Jass” Band from New Orleans is known in history as the first jazz record. There’s a perception in the academic community that the musical material on this record can hardly be considered as a typical representative of jazz music of that period. The music was performed by the white musicians, though most first jazz bands were black, and the music was far from a real solo improvisation. However, it was not typical in the first place because it had been recorded. The research subject of the article is the influence of sound recording technology on jazz culture at the stage of its foundation. In those years, if jazz musicians wanted to make a recording they had to bear in mind numerous peculiarities of sound recording technology. The author gives special attention to the analysis of the consequences of reproducibility of a recording for jazz musicians, and for the audience’s perception. As a research methodology, the author uses the comprehensive approach which includes the study of historical sources and jazz musicians’ memoirs related to the sound recording industry. The research proves that audio recordings are not sufficient as a source for critical research of the first jazz gramophone record, and suggests alternative approaches to its interpretation.   
Applications of graphene in anti-corrosion of metal surface
Authors: Guo Xiao-Meng , Qing Fang-Zhu , Li Xue-Song ,   State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China,   School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: March 2021

As an emerging material, graphene has become a research hotspot in the field of anti-corrosion because of its excellent chemical inertia and permeability resistance. In this paper, combined with the latest research results, the applications of graphene film and graphene powders in the field of anti-corrosion are discussed more comprehensively. First, the anti-corrosion mechanisms of graphene (mainly including barrier effect, shielding effect, corrosion inhibition synergy, enhancement of coating adhesion, cathodic protection, and self-healing effect) and its corresponding coating preparation methods (graphene film prepared by chemical vapor deposition method and composite coatings prepared with graphene powders) are introduced. Then, the influences of different factors such as defects, conductivity, oxidation degree, flake size, and content of graphene on the anti-corrosion performance are discussed. Finally, various methods are comprehensively compared with each other, and future development is prospected. This paper not only reviews the existing work, but also has a certain reference value for preparing graphene materials with better corrosion resistance in the future.
Genetic association and causal inference converge on hyperglycaemia as a modifiable factor to improve lung function
Authors: Reay William R , El Shair Sahar I , Geaghan Michael P , Riveros Carlos , Holliday Elizabeth G , McEvoy Mark A , Hancock Stephen , Peel Roseanne , Scott Rodney J , Attia John R , Cairns Murray J
Published: March 2021

Measures of lung function are heritable, and thus, we sought to utilise genetics to propose drug-repurposing candidates that could improve respiratory outcomes. Lung function measures were found to be genetically correlated with seven druggable biochemical traits, with further evidence of a causal relationship between increased fasting glucose and diminished lung function. Moreover, we developed polygenic scores for lung function specifically within pathways with known drug targets and investigated their relationship with pulmonary phenotypes and gene expression in independent cohorts to prioritise individuals who may benefit from particular drug-repurposing opportunities. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of lung function was then performed which identified several drug–gene interactions with predicted lung function increasing modes of action. Drugs that regulate blood glucose were uncovered through both polygenic scoring and TWAS methodologies. In summary, we provided genetic justification for a number of novel drug-repurposing opportunities that could improve lung function.
Locus coeruleus spiking differently correlates with S1 cortex activity and pupil diameter in a tactile detection task
Authors: Yang Hongdian , Bari Bilal A , Cohen Jeremiah Y , O'Connor Daniel H
Published: March 2021

We examined the relationships between activity in the locus coeruleus (LC), activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and pupil diameter in mice performing a tactile detection task. While LC spiking consistently preceded S1 membrane potential depolarization and pupil dilation, the correlation between S1 and pupil was more heterogeneous. Furthermore, the relationships between LC, S1, and pupil varied on timescales of sub-seconds to seconds within trials. Our data suggest that pupil diameter can be dissociated from LC spiking and cannot be used as a stationary index of LC activity.
GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo
Authors: Gaskill Marissa M , Gibson Tyler J , Larson Elizabeth D , Harrison Melissa M
Published: March 2021

Following fertilization, the genomes of the germ cells are reprogrammed to form the totipotent embryo. Pioneer transcription factors are essential for remodeling the chromatin and driving the initial wave of zygotic gene expression. In Drosophila melanogaster, the pioneer factor Zelda is essential for development through this dramatic period of reprogramming, known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). However, it was unknown whether additional pioneer factors were required for this transition. We identified an additional maternally encoded factor required for development through the MZT, GAGA Factor (GAF). GAF is necessary to activate widespread zygotic transcription and to remodel the chromatin accessibility landscape. We demonstrated that Zelda preferentially controls expression of the earliest transcribed genes, while genes expressed during widespread activation are predominantly dependent on GAF. Thus, progression through the MZT requires coordination of multiple pioneer-like factors, and we propose that as development proceeds control is gradually transferred from Zelda to GAF.
The Use of Smartphones in Learning English Language Skills: A Study of University Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Alhafeez Ali Ta’amneh Mohammad Abd
Published: March 2021

This study investigated students’ perspectives about the use of smartphones in learning English language skills. It discussed the benefits and difficulties of using smartphones in the process of learning. The sample consisted of one hundred and fifty-one students enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2019/2020 in different English courses taught at Taibah University (Badr Branch). The researcher designed a questionnaire depending on the previous studies investigated the role of smartphones in the process of teaching and learning. The participants were asked to decide at which level they agreed with each statement. The researcher analyzed data through Statistical Package for Social Sciences by applying mean scores and standard deviations. The results according to the students’ answers were positive with moderate usage of their smartphones in their attempt to learn English. Moreover, the results showed that there were no difficulties faced by students during the process of learning through smartphones.
ICTs and Project-Based Learning (PBL) in EFL: Pre-service Teachers’ Attitudes and Digital Skills
Authors: Belda-Medina Jose
Published: March 2021

Although there is a rich body of literature about the implementation of ICTs in foreign language learning, none has investigated the technological attitudes and digital skills of pre-service teachers thanks to the adoption of a Project-Based Learning (PBL) methodology. This study analyses the attitudes and digital skills of pre-service teachers through the implementation of ICT-based projects in the EFL classroom. For this purpose, 120 teacher candidates at the University of Alicante (Spain) participated in this experiment. First, all students were administered a pretest to measure the degree of technological affinity and digital skills. Then, they were divided into smaller groups (cooperative learning) in order to design and create several ICT-based projects aimed at teaching English as a foreign language to children and young learners. All the participants later presented their projects and evaluated the results (peer-evaluation) from a technical and pedagogical perspective. Finally, they completed a post-test based on their self-perceived learning outcomes in relation to ICT integration. The results revealed significant learning gains in digital and higher-order thinking skills (create, analyse, evaluate). Teaching candidates show a positive attitude towards the integration of ICTs in the EFL classroom but demand better training as regards the adoption of new technologies, particularly given the current situation and the need for increased on-line teaching.
Metabolite profiling of endophytic Streptomyces spp. and its antiplasmodial potential
Authors: Ahmad Siti Junaidah , Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Mazlan Noor Wini , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Baba Mohd Shukri , Lau Yee Ling
Published: March 2021

Background

Antiplasmodial drug discovery is significant especially from natural sources such as plant bacteria. This research aimed to determine antiplasmodial metabolites of Streptomyces spp. against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by using a metabolomics approach.

Methods

Streptomyces strains’ growth curves, namely SUK 12 and SUK 48, were measured and P. falciparum 3D7 IC50 values were calculated. Metabolomics analysis was conducted on both strains’ mid-exponential and stationary phase extracts.

Results

The most successful antiplasmodial activity of SUK 12 and SUK 48 extracts shown to be at the stationary phase with IC50 values of 0.8168 ng/mL and 0.1963 ng/mL, respectively. In contrast, the IC50 value of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) for antiplasmodial activity was 0.2812 ng/mL. The univariate analysis revealed that 854 metabolites and 14, 44 and three metabolites showed significant differences in terms of strain, fermentation phase, and their interactions. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis and S-loading plot putatively identified pavettine, aurantioclavine, and 4-butyldiphenylmethane as significant outliers from the stationary phase of SUK 48. For potential isolation, metabolomics approach may be used as a preliminary approach to rapidly track and identify the presence of antimalarial metabolites before any isolation and purification can be done.
Preparation and characterization of gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels for tissue engineering
Authors: Ye Jing , Yang Gang , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhenghua , He Ling , Zhang Han , Liu Qi
Published: March 2021

Background

Tissue engineering, which involves the selection of scaffold materials, presents a new therapeutic strategy for damaged tissues or organs. Scaffold design based on blends of proteins and polysaccharides, as mimicry of the native extracellular matrix, has recently become a valuable strategy for tissue engineering.

Objective

This study aimed to construct composite hydrogels based on natural polymers for tissue engineering.

Methods

Composite hydrogels based on blends of gelatin with a polysaccharide component (chitosan or alginate) were produced and subsequently enzyme crosslinked. The other three hydrogels, chitosan hydrogel, sodium alginate hydrogel, and microbial transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin (mTG/GA) hydrogel were also prepared. All hydrogels were evaluated for in vitro degradation property, swelling capacity, and mechanical property. Rat adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and seeded on (or embedded into) the above-mentioned hydrogels. The morphological features of ADSCs were observed and recorded. The effects of the hydrogels on ADSC survival and adhesion were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation was tested by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results

Cell viability assay results showed that the five hydrogels are not cytotoxic. The mTG/GA and its composite hydrogels showed higher compressive moduli than the single-component chitosan and alginate hydrogels. MTT assay results showed that ADSCs proliferated better on the composite hydrogels than on the chitosan and alginate hydrogels. Light microscope observation and cell cytoskeleton staining showed that hydrogel strength had obvious effects on cell growth and adhesion. The ADSCs seeded on chitosan and alginate hydrogels plunged into the hydrogels and could not stretch out due to the low strength of the hydrogel, whereas cells seeded on composite hydrogels with higher elastic modulus, could spread out, and grew in size.

Conclusion

The gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels could serve as attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering due to their easy preparation and favorable biophysical properties.
Response Time According to Spatial Characteristics of a Wireless Communication System for an Air Respirator
Authors: Kim Min-Wook , Lee Gun-Ho , Park Yong-Hwan
Published: March 2021

In developed countries, global-scale training centers are installed to reflect various regional factors, provide practical education and training, and present comprehensive homeland security management plans. Each local firefighting school, including the central firefighting school in Korea, has various training grounds where firefighters receive education and training. However, the recording and storing of information regarding the air respirator used by the crew during this training is not maintained, nor is information on the remaining air respiratory system at the command post checked. In this study, we developed a wireless communication system for respirators that provides user information and conducted an experiment to measure response time by distance according to spatial characteristics. As a result of the experiment, the response was approximately 5.09 s on average in open space, approximately 5.19 s in the location blocked by one sandwich panel, and approximately 5.79 s in the location blocked by two sandwich panels. Therefore, it was determined that the response speed was affected when the sandwich panel was 100 mm or more.
Fire Detection Tendency through Combustion Products Generated during UL 268 Wood Flame Fire and Smoldering Fire Test
Authors: Choi Su-Gil , Choi Yoo-Jeong , Nam Yeong-Jae , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: March 2021

This experiment analyzes the tendency of fire detection through combustion products generated during UL 268 wood flame fires and smoldering tests. Fire detection tendency was measured using a particle matter sencor (PMS), combustion gas analyzer (CGA), and gas analyzer (GA). The combustion products were matched and analyzed at 5 %/m (non-operation), 10 %/m, and 15 %/m of the smoke sensitivity measured by the smoke detector. In the case of wood flaming fire, PMS PM 10, CGA CO, SO2, GA HCHO, and TVOC, the trend was observed because of the continuous increase in the measured value according to the smoke generation. In the case of smoldering, PM 10, CO, and HCHO were adaptable to the tendency to be observed. Finally, in the case of wood fire accompanied by flame fire and smoldering to PM 10, CO and HCHO were considered to be the optimal fire detection factors.
Analysis of Combustion and Smoke Characteristics According to the Aging of Class 1E Cables in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Lee Seok-Hui , Kim Min-Ho , Lee Sangkyu , Lee Ju-Eun , Lee Min-Chul
Published: March 2021

In this study, combustion and smoke characteristics according to the aging of class 1E cables in nuclear power plants were analyzed through a cone calorimeter test. In the case of combustion characteristics, during the early period, which was the first peak of the heat release rate, the peak value of the non-aged cable was higher by approximately 20-50 kW/m2 than that of aged cables. However, in the mid-late periods, which was the second peak, the value of the aged cables were higher than the non-aged cable due to the decrease in flame retardant performance with aging deterioration. In addition, the duration of the char layer of the aged cables was shortened by 200 s than that of the non-aged cables due to the unstable formation of char layer. The total heat release measured was approximately 1.4 times higher in the aged cables than in the non-aged cables. In the case of smoke characteristics, the smoke production rate and total smoke release show a similar trend with the heat release rate and total heat release. The total smoke release of the aged cables was measured to be higher than that of the non-aged cables. The tendency of the smoke factor increased with aging deterioration, and the values of the smoke factor in the aged cables beyond 4 years were approximately 1.76-2.0 times different from those in the non-aged cables. Consequently, the smoke risk increased with aging deterioration. Therefore, the risk of heat and smoke release increased as aging progressed.
Cocriação de Valor no Turismo
Authors: Ribeiro Thiago de Luca Sant'ana , Costa Benny Kramer , Freire Otavio
Published: March 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo validar para o contexto brasileiro uma escala de cocriação de valor direcionada para o turismo (Busser & Shulga, 2018) e também mensurar os seus efeitos em relação à intenção de recomendação boca-a-boca (WoM). Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados incluíram tradução da escala original, validação de face, adaptações ao objeto de pesquisa e análise de dados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE). A amostra compreendeu 210 turistas que vivenciaram experiências de turismo nos últimos 02 anos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi feito pela plataforma Google Forms e submetido aos respondentes no segundo semestre de 2018. Entre os resultados: a) Todas as 5 dimensões da escala original foram suportadas nesta pesquisa (significância, colaboração, contribuição, reconhecimento e resposta afetiva) e b) a escala apresentou um R² de 0,611, explicando 61% da intenção de recomendação boca-a-boca.
Planejamento setorial e execução orçamentária em turismo no Brasil (2003-2018)
Authors: Todesco Carolina , Silva Rodrigo Cardoso da
Published: March 2021

O Ministério do Turismo (MTur), instituído em 2003, completou 16 anos de atuação como o principal órgão oficial de turismo do Brasil, nesse período implementou três planos nacionais de turismo e executou R$ 18,1 bilhões. Desta forma, o presente artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar o desempenho do governo federal brasileiro na área do turismo, tendo como foco a relação entre planejamento setorial e execução orçamentária do Ministério do Turismo, no período de 2003 a 2018. A pesquisa também tem como objetivos: identificar a posição que o turismo ocupou na agenda governamental; revelar o perfil dos investimentos públicos em turismo no Brasil; e verificar se os Planos Nacionais de Turismo foram devidamente incorporados no orçamento público. Essa é uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com uma abordagem quantitativa, na medida em que se fundamenta principalmente no levantamento e análise de dados sobre o orçamento público em turismo do governo federal brasileiro. Ao focar a dotação e a execução orçamentária do MTur verifica-se que de 2003 a 2006 a pasta passou por um período de fortalecimento e ocupou uma posição de relativo destaque na agenda política governamental no período de 2007 a 2010, quando apresentou um contínuo crescimento tanto na dotação, quanto na execução de recursos, concentrados sobretudo na área de infraestrutura. De 2011 a 2018, o turismo ocupou uma posição periférica na agenda governamental, período em que o MTur apresenta uma alta instabilidade orçamentária, com contingenciamento expressivo, cenário que sugere problemas na composição do seu orçamento como também na capacidade de gestão do MTur em implementar programas e projetos.
A identidade do turista e o consumo colaborativo
Authors: Silva Luana Alexandre , Barbosa Maria de Lourdes de Azevedo , Farias Miriam Leite
Published: March 2021

Por meio de plataformas digitais, o consumo colaborativo possibilita o acesso a diversos produtos e serviços, assumindo papel essencial na construção de identidades. Ao ampliar a participação dos indivíduos nas escolhas de suas viagens e permitir o contato direto entre os usuários, essa forma de consumo tem conseguido adesão de pessoas em busca de alternativas no mercado turístico, e dado espaço para o discurso anti-turista, direcionado para consumidores que procuram se distanciar do turismo tradicional, geralmente de massa. Compreendendo que os consumidores atuam na propagação de discursos e imagens sobre um serviço ou destino, bem como na construção de sua identidade de consumo, buscou-se entender como os usuários do Airbnb interpretam as mensagens apresentadas pela plataforma e as relacionam com a sua identidade de turista (tradicional) ou viajante (anti-turista). Os resultados deste estudo, de natureza qualitativa, obtidos a partir da análise dos dados gerados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, indicam que os respondentes se indetificam mais com a proposta dos serviços oferecidos pela plataforma do que com a ideia do ser turista ou viajante. Com interesses semelhantes, os usuários revelam possuir características de consumo comuns aos dois perfis de consumidores, variando conforme o tipo de viagem que cada um realiza.
Controlling Neutral Plane of Flexible Substrates by Asymmetric Impregnation of Glass Fabric for Protecting Brittle Films on Foldable Electronics
Authors: Jo Woosung , Lee Hyunhwan , Lee Yung , Bae Byeong-Soo , Kim Taek-Soo
Published: March 2021

Neutral plane strategies have been studied to reduce the tensile strain of brittle films in foldable electronics under bending. However, those strategies depend on the dimensions of components in devices, implying that they could be limited to application to various designs of devices. Herein, the glass fabric's position in a glass fabric–reinforced siloxane hybrid substrate is shifted to control the neutral plane of the substrate. Due to the stiffness difference between the glass fabric and epoxy siloxane hybrid matrix, the neutral plane of the substrate is affected by the position of the glass fabric. Therefore, the glass fabric is asymmetrically impregnated to be located at the substrate surface so as to shift the neutral plane of the substrate toward the surface. The effectiveness of the newly developed substrate is proved by comparison with a conventional colorless polyimide substrate. The neutral plane position and maximum tensile strain of the substrates are investigated by analytical calculation, digital image correlation analysis, bending test, and finite element method simulation. The results clearly show that the newly developed substrate–based structure can reduce the maximum tensile strain under bending. Consequently, the cracking of the brittle hard coating is effectively prevented.
One‐Source Strategy Boosting Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xinqi , Chen Weijie , Wang Shuhui , Xu Guiying , Liu Shuo , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: March 2021

All‐inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, the inferior film quality and doped hole transport layer (HTL) have a strong tendency to degrade the perovskite under high temperatures or harsh operating conditions. To solve these problems, a one‐source strategy using the same polymer donor material (PDM) to simultaneously dope CsPbI2Br perovskite films via antisolvent engineering and fabricating the HTL is proposed. The doping assists perovskite film growth and forms a top–down gradient distribution, generating CsPbI2Br with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density. The PDM as the HTL suppresses the energy barrier and forms favorable electrical contacts for hole extraction, and assemble into a fingerprint‐like morphology that improves the conductivity, facilitating the creation of a dopant‐free HTL. Based on this one‐source strategy using PBDB‐T as PDM, the CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell with a dopant‐free HTL achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40%, which is one of the highest PCEs reported among all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br pero‐SCs with a dopant‐free HTL. Importantly, the devices exhibit the highest thermal stability at 85 °C and operational stability under continuous illumination even with Ag as the top electrode and present good universality.
Photoisomerization Efficiency of a Solar Thermal Fuel in the Strong Coupling Regime
Authors: Mony Jürgen , Climent Clàudia , Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Feist Johannes , Börjesson Karl
Published: March 2021

Strong exciton‐photon coupling is achieved when the interaction between molecules and an electromagnetic field is increased to a level where they cannot be treated as separate systems. This leads to the formation of polaritonic states and an effective rearrangement of the potential energy surfaces, which opens the possibility to modify photochemical reactions. This work investigates how the strong coupling regime is affecting the photoisomerization efficiency and thermal backconversion of a norbornadiene–quadricyclane molecular photoswitch. The quantum yield of photoisomerization shows both an excitation wavelength and exciton/photon constitution dependence. The polariton‐induced decay and energy transfer processes are discussed to be the reason for this finding. Furthermore, the thermal back conversion of the system is unperturbed and the lower polariton effectively shifts the absorption onset to lower energies. The reason for the unperturbed thermal backconversion is that it occurs on the ground state, which is unaffected. This work demonstrates how strong coupling can change material properties towards higher efficiencies in applications. Importantly, the experiments illustrate that strong coupling can be used to optimize the absorption onset of the molecular photoswitch norbonadiene without affecting the back reaction from the uncoupled quadricyclane.
Meso‐Reconstruction of Silk Fibroin based on Molecular and Nano‐Templates for Electronic Skin in Medical Applications
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Chen Caifeng , Qiu Ye , Ma Liyun , Qiu Wu , Yu Rui , Yu Weidong , Liu Xiang Yang
Published: March 2021

A unique strategy of mesoscopic functionalization starting from silk fibroin (SF) materials to the fabrication of meso flexible SF electronic skin (e‐skin) is presented. Notably, SF materials of novel and enhanced properties of the materials can be achieved by mesoscopically reconstructing the hierarchical structures of SF materials, based on rerouting the refolding process of SF molecules by meso‐nucleation templating. Mesoscopic hybridization/reconstruction endows cocoon silk with a robust mechanical and electric performance by incorporating wool keratin (WK) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the mesostructures of SF via intermolecular templated nucleation. Furthermore, the asymmetrical meso‐functional films with biocompatibility and insulation on one side and conductivity on the other (square resistance = 130 Ω sq−1) endow the passive wireless e‐skin exhibited a tunable sensitivity from −1.05 to −6.35 kPa−1 with a lossless measurement range of ≈2 kPa. The pulses of human subjects are monitored using the e‐skin to evaluate blood vessel hardening and real‐time dynamic systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
A Review on Encapsulation Technology from Organic Light Emitting Diodes to Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Qian , Yang Zhichun , Meng Xin , Yue Youfeng , Ahmad Muhammad Ashfaq , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yiqiang , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei
Published: March 2021

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing organic thin‐film based emitters have attracted tremendous attention due to their widespread applications in lighting and as displays in mobile devices and televisions. The novel thin‐film photovoltaic techniques using organic or organic–inorganic hybrid materials such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become emerging competitive candidates with regard to the traditional photovoltaic techniques on account of high‐efficiency, low‐cost, and simple manufacturing processing properties. However, OLEDs, OPVs, and PSCs are vulnerable to the undesired degradation induced by moisture and oxygen. To afford long‐term stability, a robust encapsulation technique by employing materials and structures that possess high barrier performance against oxygen and moisture must be explored and employed to protect these devices. Herein, the recent progress on specific encapsulation materials and techniques for three types of devices on the basis of fundamental understanding of device stability is reviewed. First, their degradation mechanisms, as well as, influencing factors are discussed. Then, the encapsulation technologies and materials are classified and discussed. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of various encapsulation technologies and materials coupled with their encapsulation applications in different devices are compared. Finally, the ongoing challenges and future perspectives of encapsulation frontier are provided.
Reconfigurable and Renewable Nano‐Micro‐Structured Plastics for Radiative Cooling
Authors: Gao Wei , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Kai , Chen Yongping
Published: March 2021

Passive radiative technology enables sustainable cooling by synchronously emitting heat and reflecting solar light without any energy consumption. However, the consumption of non‐recyclable and non‐renewable radiative materials in large quantities may eventually cause resource waste and environmental issues. Herein, reconfigurable and renewable nano‐micro‐structured plastics for future eco‐friendly and large‐scale radiative cooling applications are developed. The plastics are facilely prepared from a locally confined polymerization method, which not only enables the customization of nano/micro‐structures for thermal emission and sunlight reflection but also provides physically cross‐linked networks for damage repairing, shape reconfiguration, and recyclable usage. Compared with traditional plastics applied on electronic devices, the nano‐micro‐structured plastic achieves much higher cooling efficiency with a temperature drop of 8.6 °C on electronic circuits and 7.5 °C cooling improvements under sunlight. With the excellent cooling performance and the recycling potential, the nano‐micro‐structured plastics open an environmentally sustainable pathway to address the thermal issues encountered by electronic devices and challenges of global warming.
High‐Yield and Low‐Cost Solar Water Purification via Hydrogel‐Based Membrane Distillation
Authors: Lu Hengyi , Shi Wen , Zhao Fei , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Peixin , Zhao Chenyang , Yu Guihua
Published: March 2021

As an eco‐friendly means, solar water purification has attracted substantial research interest regarding material design, system engineering, and energy management. However, the low water yield and relatively high cost essentially restrict its practical potential. Here, a hydrogel‐based ultrathin membrane (HUM) is developed to synergistically coordinate facilitated vapor transfer and environmental energy harvesting for solar‐driven membrane distillation. The evaporation front is directly exposed to an airflow, which fundamentally eliminates the temperature polarization induced energy consumption. As such, the humidity of the output flow is significantly increased, and thus the vapor collection ratio rises to over 80% to achieve a high water yield of 2.4 kg m–2 h–1 under one sun without any energy recycling and cooling accessories. The HUM with a raw material cost of $0.36 m–2 offers a competitive potential cost of freshwater production of about $0.3–1.0 m–3. This work demonstrates a promising membrane distillation strategy based on sustainable energy toward both decentralized water purification and large‐scale water treatment.