bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Optimization Design of High-Speed Under-Table Swing-Arm Gripper System in Sheet-Fed Offset Press
Authors: Cheng Chang Xian
Published: May 2011

By analyzing various kinds of gripper systems of different sheet-fed offset presses, the under-table swing-arm system, with a fixed axis, has the advantages of meeting high-speed press running requirement, keeping longer dwell time of printing sheets, helping improve print registration, and hence in favor of assuring HIFI print quality while having high press output. The dynamic optimization design of the under-table swing-arm system is vital to the higher performance of the system on the state of the art press machines. Through dynamic analysis of the gripper system, the way of dynamic optimization design and its correspondent formulas are derived in this paper.
Non-Probabilistic Structural Reliability Model Based on Ellipsoidal-Bound Model with Restricted Expansion
Authors: Li Kun Feng , Yang Zi Chun , Liu Gui Feng
Published: May 2011

When insufficient data are available, probabilistic reliability method is invalid, but the non-probabilistic reliability method based on I-G (information-gap) model is a valid alternative. The most common I-G model, ellipsoidal-bound model, has been updated in this paper by acquiring information about span restrictions of uncertainty quantities and a corresponding non-probabilistic reliability index was proposed. The method for computing the reliability index was also given. The new model can reveal the influence of the span restriction of uncertainty quantities on structural reliability.
Determination of Biomedical Constituents of 350°C Pyrolyzate from Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Old Bark from Cinnamomum Camphora Trunk
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Dang Quan , Liu Qi Mei , Peng Kuan
Published: May 2011

The extractives of C. camphora old bark were used to cure some special diseases; however, the biomedical constituents of extractives of C. camphora old bark are still not completely explained. Therefore, 350 °C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify the top value-added biomedical constituents of old bark-based benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora trunk. 74 chemical constituents representing 99.17% were identified from 86 peaks. The main components are as: Dodecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester (15.717%), Octacosanoic acid, methyl ester (10.357%), Abietic acid (8.483%), Heptacosane (5.678%), Ethyl alcohol (5.282%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester (3.365%), Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester (2.936%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester (2.928%), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.692%), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (2.312%), Hexacosane (2.076%), Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (2.013%), etc. The analytical result showed that the 350 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora old bark is abundant in biomedical constituents, and also contains other bioactive components, which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, food, spice and chemical solvents.
Applications of Neural Networks in Modeling and Forecasting Volatility of Crude Oil Markets: Evidences from US and China
Authors: Ou Phich Hang , Wang Heng Shan
Published: May 2011

Previous researches on oil price volatility have been done with parametric models of GARCH types. In this work, we model volatility of crude oil price based on GARCH(p,q) by using Neural Network which is one of powerful classes of nonparametric models. The empirical analysis based on crude oil prices in US and China show that the proposed models significantly generate improved forecasting accuracy than the parametric model of normal GARCH(p,q). Among nine different combinations of hybrid models (for p = 1,2,3 and q = 1,2,3), it is found that NN-GARCH(1,1) and NN-GARCH(2,2) perform better than the others in US market whereas, NN-GARCH(1,1) and NN-GARCH(3,1) outperform in Chinese case.
An Experimental Study of Atomization Characteristics of the Ultrasonic Spray Nozzle
Authors: Qu De Gang , Xiang Dong , He Lei Ming , Duan Guang Hong , Mou Peng
Published: May 2011

The recent development in advanced packaging and MEMS applications has created a need for high aspect ratio lithography processes, ultrasonic spray coating is a very appropriate method to meet this requirement, the parameters of atomization are greatly affected the spray quality. By using a laser-phase Doppler analyzer (PDA), an experimental study was conducted of the atomization characteristics of the ultrasonic spray nozzle, water was used as the liquid to be atomized instead of photoresist and air was used as the auxiliary gas instead of nitrogen, the parameters of atomization characteristics under different operating conditions were measured, such as mean diameter D10 and diameter distribution of atomized droplet particles etc. The experimental measurement results indicate that the flow rate of atomized liquid and auxiliary gas have a significant impact on the spray characteristics, the nozzle can achieve a comparatively good atomization state under the condition of a relatively small flow rate of atomized liquid or a relatively high flow rate of auxiliary gas, the mean diameter D10 of droplets can be 18.39μm. The research findings can provide an underlying basis for the application of the ultrasonic spray nozzle.
Simulation and Analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Jiang Fa Chao , Li Lin , Wang Mo Lin
Published: May 2011

By optimizing design and reasonable matching, internal combustion engine can operate under the condition of high efficiency to improve fuel efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions. This paper use reverse energy flow simulation method, transmission of speed and torque as the main line, based on the establishing of engine, motor, battery and other models, analyzing HEV parameter and the request of driving force, motor and battery. Regarding one kind of Hybrid Electric Vehicle as the research object, the mathematics model of power and economic performance was established. A PHEV performance simulation software was developed by using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The demand of Hybrid Electric Vehicle to the power of motor and battery were analyzed on the given Driving Cycle.
Assembly Sequence Generation and Optimization for Compliant Assemblies Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Xing Yan Feng , Wang Yan Song , Zhao Xiao Yu
Published: May 2011

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm to generate and optimize assembly sequences for compliant assemblies. An assembly modeling is presented to describe the geometry of the assembly, which includes three sets of parts, relationships and joints among the parts. Based on the assembly modeling, an assembly sequence is denoted as an individual, which is assigned an evaluation function that consists of the fitness and constraint functions. The fitness function is used to evaluate feasible sequences; in addition, the constraint function is employed to evolve unfeasible sequences. The genetic algorithm starts with a randomly initial population of chromosomes, evolves new populations by using reproduction, crossover and mutation operations, and terminates until acceptable sequences output. Finally an auto-body side assembly is used to illustrate the algorithm of assembly sequence generation and optimization.
Joining Phenomena of Resistance Spot Welded Joint between Titanium and Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Qiu Ran Feng , Zhang Xin , Shi Hong Xin , Yu Hua , Zhang Ke Ke
Published: May 2011

In order to obtain a robust dissimilar joint between titanium and aluminum alloy, a method of resistance spot welding with a cover plate were used to weld two kinds of material. The interfacial microstructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The effects of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of the joint were investigated. An approximately 160 nm thick layer of Al solid solution supersaturated with Ti was observed at the welding interface, in which contain the precipitates TiAl3. Mechanical property analysis suggests that the reaction layer has no effect on the tensile shear load of the joint.
Preparation of Rare Earth Doped ZnO Nano Particles and Investigation on their Optical Properties
Authors: Xia Bing Cheng , Zhang Rui Fang , An Hua , Zhao Yan Hong , Wang Xiao Jing
Published: May 2011

Rare earth doped ZnO particles were synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal method. They showed fine pin-shaped growing along the C axial direction with the diameter about 9-48 nm. The structures of zinc oxide and La doped ZnO were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Uv-vis diffuse spectrum (UV – vis DRS). Our results indicated that the doping of La results in the crystal cell of ZnO inflating, the band gap shift up to the ultraviolet region with the increase of La doping concentration.
Efficient Production of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Feed Oil from Soapstock
Authors: Chen Xiao E , Jiang Ya Mei , Fang Xu Bo , Chen Jing , Gong Jian Fang
Published: May 2011

In this study, the ethyl ester of EPA and DHA was produced, using the soapstock (soap lye and solid lipid) of fish oil as the raw material through acid catalysis and alkali catalysis, whose optimal conditions were investigated. It was obtained that the optimal conditions for acid catalysis (a) and alkali catalysis (b) were as follows: (a) refluxing for 4h at normal atmosphere, 80, phosphoric acid, 3%, [w/w], alcohol, 65%, [v/v]; (b) sodium hydroxide, 1% [w/w], alcohol, 40% [v/v], 50for 2-6h in the stirred autoclave. Under the optimal conditions, a conversion ratio of ethyl ester fish oil of 96.8% (a) and 97.4% (b) were obtained. The concentration of EPA and DHA was enhanced from 30% to 60.7% through three class molecular distillation method. This n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched fish oil may be a valuable supplement in the green feed.
Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Properties in Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&P Steel
Authors: Zhao Cai , Tang Di
Published: May 2011

The mechanical properties of Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&P steel are strongly affected by the conditions of heat treatment. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Low Carbon Si-Mn Q&P steel at different partitioning temperature and holding time was investigated. The microstructure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the microstructure of Q&P steel is carbon-depleted lath martensite and carbon enriched retained austenite. The retained austenite appear film-type between the laths. Higher partitioning temperature and longer partitioning time can obtain more retained austenite. It is shown that with increasing partitioning time ultimate tensile strength decreases, while elongation increases obviously. Carbon-enriched metastable retained austenite is considered beneficial because the TRIP phenomenon during deformation can contribute to formability and energy absorption.
Study on Microbial Adsorption on Material Surface Based on Dynamic-static Method
Authors: Cao Sheng Xian , Ou Jia , Zhang Yan Hui , Liu Yang , Sun Jia Wei
Published: May 2011

The dynamic-static method is used for study on the formation of the biofilm on pipe surface and the relationship between the biofilm and the induction time of the biofouling. The biofilm of slime forming bacteria on the surface of the copper electrodes is characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) on the static experimental apparatus. Meanwhile, the induction period of biofouling is detected by Biofouling Dynamic Simulation System (BDSS). The experimental results, which associate with the biofouling resistance by the time, are shown that the maximum value of the biofilm thickness calculated is about 3.5μm by the electrochemical parameters fitted by the compute. These can indicate that the static biofilms measured has a strict correspondence with the dynamic biofouling resistance, which is a new method for studying on the mechanism of biofouling.
A Facile Synthesis of 4-Aryl-3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones in Iconic Liquids
Authors: Zong Qian Shou , Zhang Yang , Miao Cheng Ping , Wu Jian Yi
Published: May 2011

4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized by using Biginelli reaction in iconic liguids. The simple method provoids the title compounds in 67~97% yields by the reaction of aromaic aldehydes with aectoacetrate and urea in the presence of iconic liquids as solvent and katalyst. This method was found to be efficient way for the synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones.
Intelligent Control in Low Pressure Methanol Carbonylation CH3COOH Reaction
Authors: Rui Yan Nian , Jiang Xiao Mei , Liu Kai Qiang
Published: May 2011

With catalysis system, carbonylation of methanol liquid is a better method in manufacture of acetic acid. However previous control mode can not well meet technique demands. This paper made some modification on reaction process control based on manufacturing technique. Aimed at much influence upon temperature including uncertainty, cross coupling effects and big delay about model, predictive functional control (PFC) technique combined with PID and feedforward are applied to temperature control of reaction process through supervisory total distributed control which leads to the improvement of regulatory capacity for both reference input tracking and load disturbance rejection. Practical results show stable and reliable system operation.
Kinetics and Modelling of Bio-Magnetic Separation of Au(III) from Wastewater
Authors: Song Hui Ping , Cheng Huai Gang , Li Xin Gang , Cheng Fang Qin
Published: May 2011

This study used nickel wire to trap the magnetotactic bacteria which had adsorbed Au(III), and a magnetic separation model was built to describe this process. Kinetics of the movement of metal loaded bacteria in the whole magnetic field was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the magnetic intensity had evident effect on the separation efficiency, but little effect on the separation rate. The period of trapping bacteria to capacity for the nickel wire was proved about 100 minutes. It was found that the trapped bacteria were deposited in multi-layers, showing the ability of multi-layer trapping for the wires. The theoretical results could reach a good agreement with the experimental, which indicated the feasibility of applying the model to the optimization of magnetic separation process using magnetotactic bacterium.
Research on Prepared Technology and Tribological Behaviors of Ni-P-PTFE Composite Coating
Authors: Fu Chuan Qi , Wang Zhou , He Xu
Published: May 2011

Ni-P-PTFE composite coating was prepared by electroless plating based on the Ni-P coating technology. The effects of surfactant and PTFE content on the binding force, hardness, friction coefficient, wear rate and content of PTFE particles of the composite coating was investigated. In addition, the tribological behaviors of composite coating were discussed. The surface morphology and microstructures of composite coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the wear mechanism of composite coating was analyzed by using the MRH-3 friction and wear tester. The results indicated that the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating prepared under the optimum process condition exhibited excellent friction properties, and the wear mechanism is manifested as adhesion and slight grain-abrasion during the abrasion.
Study of PET Depolymerization Catalyzed by Metal Oxide with Different Acidity/Basicity under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Ge Yu Zhen , Han Chun Hua , Zhang Dong
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the PET depolymerization catalyzed by metal oxides (MgO, CdO, Cu2O,Sb2O3, MnO2, V2O5, SiO2,MoO3) under microwave irradiation were investigated, and the effects of acid-base on PET depolymerization was studied by acid-base scale method. The results indicated that the stronger the acidity or basicity of metal oxide was, the better the effects of catalytic depolymerization of PET appeared. Compared with alkali metal oxide, the catalytic effect of acid metal oxide to PET depolymerization was better.
Preparation of Polypyrrole Films Doped with Phosphomolybdic Acid in ScCO2/Water Emulsion
Authors: Yan Hao , Li Zhang Lin , Xu Fei Fei
Published: May 2011

In this paper, polypyrrole films doped with phosphomolybdic acid was prepared by bulk electrolysis with coulometry in the ScCO2/Water emulsion system. The films were characterized by Raman and cyclic voltammetry methods. The polypyrrole structure was detected by Raman spectrum. And a stable oxidation-reduction behavior with three groups of peaks attributed to the phosphomolybdic acid doped in polypyrrole was established in the cyclic voltammetry curves. Moreover, the peak current was much better than that of the films prepared in conventional systems under constant pressure without the existence of ScCO2.
Cross-coupling Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by Green, Economical Copper Bromide Catalyst
Authors: Dai Zhi Qun , Zhang Zhi Yong , Zhang Wei Wei , Wei Ben Mei
Published: May 2011

For the first time a systematic research on the catalytic activity of CuXn(X=Cl, Br, I; x=1,2) for the cross-coupling reaction of alkyl halides with Grignard reagents was carried out and environmentally friendly, economical CuBr2showed highest catalytic activity among the catalyst. The conditions of the cross-coupling reaction were studied. The suitable amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and time are 0.3% mol (based on alkyl halide), 67°C (reflux), 6 h, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the yields of the cross-coupling could reach up to 93%. Moreover, Grignard reagent with an electron-rich group reacted rapidly and with an electron-withdrawing group reacted sluggishly.
Study on the Interaction between 3, 5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopic Method
Authors: Cao Xiang Yu , Liu Jian Li , Lu Xiu Li , Li Tie Min , Wang Wei , Li Qi Jiu
Published: May 2011

The interaction between 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by the method of fluorescence spectroscopy. By the analysis of fluorescence spectra and fluorescence intensity, it was observed that the 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through static quenching process. Based on fluorescence quenching results, the apparent binding constant (K) between 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid and BSA was 7.08×106 and the number of binding sites (n) was 1.5 at 298 K. The distance (r) between donor (BSA) and acceptor (3, 5-dinitrobenzoic) was 4.17 nm according to the Förster’s theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The negative △H and △Sin case of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid-BSA complex showed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force played a significant role in the binding of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid to BSA. The synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid induced conformational change of BSA.
Synthesis of 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde in the Presence of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yan Rui Yi , Yang Pu , Li Zeng Xi , Wang Hui , Diao Yan Yan , Wang Lei , Zhang Suo Jiang
Published: May 2011

A method for synthesizing of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde from 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol using ionic liquids (ILs) has been developed. The conversion of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol and the selectivity of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde in the ionic liquids are higher than those in the traditional dichlorethane solvent. In addition, a reaction mechanism for the oxidation of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol to 2-nitrobenzaldehyde is proposed.
Shell Die-Casting and its Process Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Huang Yao , Dong Yue , Huang Yong
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the distribution and variation trend of temperature and velocity fields were obtained by numerical simulation of the casting process of shell die casting. According to the results of the numerical simulation, the die casting technology was optimized. The sound castings were produced. It was verified that shrinkage cavity and porosity could be reduced by increasing injected pressure and decreasing pouring and mould temperatures. The reliability of numerical simulation of die casting process was proved. In addition, the qualified products were obtained on the basis of the optimized die-casting parameters from the simulation results.
CFD Simulation on Solid Suspension with Continuous Operation
Authors: Shu Chang , Wang Xue Kui , Sha Zuo Liang
Published: May 2011

The aim of this work is to investigate the solid concentration distribution in a DTB crystallizer under continuous operation. The effects of mixing intensity and product removal location on solid concentration distribution in the crystallizer were studied by CFD simulation with multiphase model for different sizes of particles. The results showed that the particle distribution in a crystallizer was dependent on the size of the particles and the mixing intensity. However, the product removal location did not significantly affect particle size distribution in the crystallizer under the studied conditions.
Synthesis and Properties of Methyl 2-Methoxy-Propyl Carbonate as an Oxygenated Fuel
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Xuan Jun , Wang Wen Guo , Guo He Jun
Published: May 2011

A new oxygenated fuel, methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate, designed according to the fuel design theory and the special burning performance of diesel engine, was synthesized by using propylene glycol monomethyl aether, carbonic acid dimethyl ester, and metal sodium. The optimum transesterification reaction conditions were gained as: n(propylene glycol monomethyl aether):n(carbonic acid dimethyl ester)=2:1, w(catalyst with a metal sodium) = 2% total amount of materials, reaction time 5h, and temperature keeping at 85°C. Yield of methyl 2-methoxy-propyl carbonate 75.0%. By checking up physicochemical properties and making diesel engine test of the fuel blend, which testified that the oxygenated fuel was a kind of available substitution for petroleum.
Experimental Research on Vibration Property of Composite Material Repaired by Light Wave
Authors: Wang Le Xin , Jia Xu Fang
Published: May 2011

Composite material has extensive application in aeronautics, astronautics and other fields due to the properties of high intensity, light weight and anti-fatigue. So controlling and rapid repairing of damaged composite material has become one of the most popular research subjects. In this paper, the common composite material for aircraft is used as test-object; The light wave of 675nm transmitted by optical fiber is used as repairing light source; special repairable reagent which can be stimulated by the light is adopted, and by the light measure technology, the effect of the vibration property in the composite material is studied by light repairing after the damage of the composite material. Based on this study, the results and analysis are shown. The research result shows that this technology is feasible in the repair of composite material and offers an experimental basis on instant test and controlling for composite material.
Extraction of β-Sitosterol from Jatropha Seed Oil
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Lu Hao , Sun Li Jie , Guo Xin
Published: May 2011

Solvent extraction technique was applied for the extraction of β-Sitosterol from jatropha seed oil．The optimum conditions for the lab scale extraction were obtained at 30ml solvent, 0.05g magnesium power, ratio of hydrochloric acid to zinc chloride of 1/1.75 (ml/g) and tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. Under the optical conditions, the yield of β-sitosterol was up to 3.27mg/g.
Enzyme and Chitosan Finishing on Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Wei Sai Nan , Chen Li
Published: May 2011

This paper studied the green finishing methods on cotton fabric. It discussed the effects of wear performance with enzyme treatment and chitosan finishing on the cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were treated by amylase LA, the soft, smooth of the fabric improved and the tensile strength decreased. When the temperature of amylase LA in 30°C ~ 70°C, its activity and starch slurry removal rate increased with the temperature increasing. Above 70°C, activity decreased, so the temperature herein amylase optimum treatment temperature is 70°C. After the enzymatic treatment, and then by chitosan finishment, the results show that after treating, the hand, anti-wrinkle, anti-bacteria and other performance of the fabrics have greatly improved.
Applications of Composites on Textile Machinery
Authors: Wei Sai Nan , Chen Li
Published: May 2011

High performance fiber reinforced composites have a long history and wide usage in aerospace, sports, military, etc. In this paper applications of composites on textile machinery were elaborated, such as carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) guide bar, composite rapier belt and rapier head in rapier loom, nylon shuttle, carbon fiber composite heddle frame for high-speed looms, transmission shaft, needle bed, conveyor belts. It indicated that the composites can improve the performance obviously. Along with the rapid development of textile, fiber reinforced composites are continuous replacing the traditional materials as cast iron, steel and aluminum textile machine parts, But the applications of composites on textile machinery are still in the initial stage. High price is the major obstruction factor for its development. Through improving the level of automation technology, reducing producing cost, rational design of structure, the producing cost can be sharply reduced, which is also benefit for textile machinery development.
Simulation and Analyzing of the 200kt/a Sulfur-Buring Sulfuric Acid Process
Authors: Xie Fang , Li Hai Yang , Ge Shi Mei , Lin Qian
Published: May 2011

According to the industrial operation data, modeling and flowsheeting to the full process of Sulfur-buring Sulfuric aid which contains 3 stages as following:Sulfur Burning, Conversion and Absorption were completed based on the ASPEN PLUS .Subsection Settings were applied on the thermodynamic method and choosing the suitable one for actual processes of each unit by analyzing the industrial system and process.Meanwhile,chemical reaction was built in the absorption tower. Sever important operating parameters were considered in the simulation. The simulation results showed that the model is reasonable,and could provide reference for the design ,renovation and optimization of the large-scale sulfur-buring sulfuric aic process.
The Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate from Dimethyl Carbonate and Phenol over Modified Organotin Catalysts
Authors: Su Kun Mei , Li Zhen Huan , Ding Ming , He Xiao Long
Published: May 2011

Organotin catalysts were modified with sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and sodium vanadate, and the modified organotin catalysts displayed high activity in transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with phenol into diphenyl carbonate (DPC).
Study on Microwave Pretreatment of Diaspore
Authors: Wang Yi Yong , Wu Fa Yu , Jin Hui , Li Ji Dong , Wang Zhi Ying
Published: May 2011

The effects of microwave radiation pretreatment on the leaching behavior of diaspore were investigated. The influence of sodium hydroxide addition, microwave irradiation temperature and microwave irradiation time were studied, the mechanism of microwave roasting pretreatment was also studied. The results show that microwave roasting pretreatment can greatly improve the leaching efficiency of Al2O3, and decrease the mole fraction of digestion liquor. The optimal microwave roasting condition is that the sodium hydroxide addition is 100kg/t, the microwave irradiation temperature is 535°C, and the microwave irradiation time is 5min the roasting mechanical is that the increase of effective affecting acreage and the formation of high active alumina.
Study on Miscibility of Gasoline in Glycerol Based Biofuel and the Prediction of it with QSPR Method
Authors: Li Xun , Yuan Yan Ping , Huo Da
Published: May 2011

Increased production of biodiesel led to a surplus of glycerol. The utilization of glycerol is a crucial factor to the overall cost effectiveness of biodiesel industries. Using glycerol based alcohols with gasoline as an automotive fuel is a good option. And the miscibility of gasoline in glycerol based biofuel is vital for this utilization approach of glycerol. This paper attempted to had a thorough scan on the miscibility of gasoline in glycerol based biofuels and predict the maximum amount that gasoline can dissolve in with QSPR method. Results showed that gasoline exhibited better miscibility in lower alcohols than higher and polyhydroxy alcohol and miscibility of gasoline in glycerol based biofuel can be effectively predicted with QSPR method which could act as an useful tool in the further study of glycerol based biofuels’ other properties.
Transfer Behavior of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Cui Guo Min , Wang Jin Yang , Jiang Tao , Hu Xiang Bai
Published: May 2011

This study deals with the transient response of heat exchanger which is approximated to the first-order system with delay. This function is of simple form and easy to be applied to design the practical controllers. The parameters such as gain K, time constant T and delay time are derived in this paper. On the basis of using the first-order system as the transfer function for a heat exchanger, more accurate models are built to derive the parameters K, T and respectively, which are constructed with a lumped parameter approach. Unlike a number of recent analyses K is obtained by using arithmetic mean temperature difference, log mean temperature difference has been employed instead, which minimized the error; time constant T is obtained by deriving the time constant of baffle; delay time is estimated by flow rate. The result shows that this method to study the dynamic characteristics of heat exchanger is easier, more accurate.
Anti-Pilling Finishing of Bamboo Pulp Knitted Fabrics by Cellulase
Authors: Wang Hua E
Published: May 2011

For the poor anti-pilling performance of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics, the anti-pilling finishing process of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics by cellulase was investigated in this paper. The optimal finishing conditions obtained by using the factorial and orthogonal test are concentration of cellulase 8 % (owf), pH value 5, temperature 50and time 30min. After finishing, the anti-pilling property of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics has been greatly improved with the pilling grades increased from 2 to 3, and a partial improvement of the fabric appearance and hand feeling has been also achieved.
Kinetics on the Desiliconization during Alkaline Leaching of Titanium Slag
Authors: Liu Jian Hua , Chu Jing Long , Xue Tian Yan , Han Yan Fang , Qi Tao
Published: May 2011

In order to reduce the silicon content to the maximum allowed value for the production of high-purity titanium dioxide, a hydrometallurgical process on the desiliconization during alkaline leaching of titanium slag under atmospheric pressure was studied. The effect of leaching temperature, initial NaOH concentration, leaching time and mass ratio of alkali to slag, on the efficiency of silicon removal were investigated. The results show that when the mass concentration of NaOH is 30%, mass ratio of alkali to slag 3:1, the leaching temperature 120°C and the retention time about 120min, the content of silicon in solid is reduced to 0.45%. Simultaneously, the content of aluminum is reduced to 1.62%, without affecting the content of titanium. The kinetics on the desiliconization during alkaline leaching of titanium slag was carried out. The results show that under the leaching parameters mentioned above, the apparent activation energy is calculated to be 45.43kJ/mol.
Research of Insulation Aging of Transformer Insulation Paper by Multi-Parameter Regression Analysis
Authors: Yang Dao Wu , Han Hui Hui , Wang Su , Tong Hai Xia , Ren Zhuo
Published: May 2011

In this paper two types of oil-paper samples are thermally aged in two temperatures of 120. The samples are constituted by 25# oil, 45# oil and paper. Some aging indicators are measured during the aging process. Three parameters are measured during the aging process. The insulating ability of paper can be evaluated by water content and CO2/CO value. The model of functional relation for degree of polymerization (DP) with CO2/CO value, water content and service period are established by multiple linear regression analysis.
A Novel Application of Supported Liquid Membrane Based on Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids to the Selective Transport of Phenol and p-Nitrophenol
Authors: Yao Bing Hua , Zhao Jie , Niu Jin Fen , Wang Shuang , Wang Cheng
Published: May 2011

The transport of phenol (Ph-OH) andp-nitrophenol (p-NP) through a supported liquid membrane system based on hydrophobic ionic liquids ([BEIM][PF6]) (SILMs) consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the liquid membrane support and sodium hydroxide solution as the strippping phase, has been studied. The effects of pH, ionic strength, initial concentration of phenol (orp-NP) in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in the stripping phase have also been investigated, respectively. The optimum transport conditions of phenol in the SILMs were that pH 3.5, ionic strength 0.2 mol/L, initial concentration of phenol 1.31×10-3mol/L in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in stripping phase was 0.2 mol/L. The permeability value of phenol under above conditions was 2.0×10-5m/s during the transport time of 120 min. The optimum transport conditions ofp-NP in the SILMs were that pH 5.5, ionic strength 0.2 mol/L, initial concentration ofp-NP 4.90×10-4mol/L in feed phase, concentration of sodium hydroxide in stripping phase was 0.15 mol/L.The permeability value under above conditions was 8.6×10-6m/s during the transport time of 120 min. The kinetic equations that can describe transport of phenol andp-NP through the SILMs were also obtained.
Characterization of Boron Modified Phenolic Resin and its Curing Behavior
Authors: Li Biao , Zheng Yun Wu , Zheng Zhi Feng , Zhao Xiong Yue
Published: May 2011

Boron modified phenolic (BPF) resins with different boron amounts were synthesized with a special synthesis technology. The structure of BPF resin was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and its curing behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that boric acid reacted with the hydroxyl groups in phenolic resin to form a new cross-linked bond such as B-O. At the same time, the heat resistance of BPF resin was improved about 18% with addition of boric acid of 0.8wt%. The obtained BPF had a high curing temperature of 254.6when the boric acid amount was 0.8wt%.
Preparation of Tamarind-Seed Thickener for Pigment Printing on Cotton
Authors: Tepparin Supaluk , Porntip Sae Be , Jantip Suesat , Chum Rum Sirisin
Published: May 2011

This research studied the potential and efficiency of tamarind kernel powder as a thickener for pigment printing on cotton fabric in comparison with the commercial synthetic thickener. Two kinds of tamarind seed were studied. Both of tamarind seeds contained about 30% based on dry weight of outer seed coating and 70% of dry weight of tamarind kernel powder. The approximate composition of tamarind kernel powder were 2.39 – 3.19% fat, 16.43 – 17.07% protein, 1.20 – 1.68% crude fiber and 3.42-3.74% moisture based on weight of tamarind kernel powders. Two different extraction techniques were studied viz., boiling in water and using microwave. Tamarind kernel powder extracted by microwave method was suited for use as a thickener rather than those obtained by boiling in water method. As the tamarind kernel powder from microwave method was easier dissolved and the printing paste was smoother than those from boiling in water. The optimum concentration of tamarind kernel powder for pigment printing on cotton was 5% tamarind kernel powder obtained from the seed in relatively round shape and smooth surface because the color yield and rubbing fastness was similar to the commercial synthetic thickener.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Chelating-extraction of Trace Heavy Metal from Calcium Lactate
Authors: Yang Chang Yan , Ding Yi Gang , Ding Yao , Zhou Chun Ping , Wu Yuan Xin
Published: May 2011

Supercritical CO2 chelating-extraction was applied to remove heavy metal matter such as Pb, As and Hg from calcium lactate, and the effect of process parameters on removal efficiency were investigated including chelating agent, ethanol (as a modifier), temperature, extraction pressure and time. The results showed that the removal efficiency of trace heavy metals is obviously different from chelating agent, modifier and extraction time, thus the concentration of modifier and extraction pressure give little influence. The extraction process was optimized to get the condition of a temperature of 323.15K, a pressure of 20MPa, an extraction time of 90min, a supercritical CO2 fluid flow rate of 13l/h and 2% of the chelating agent mixtures combined with tetrabutyl bromide and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). The maximum yield of Pb, As and Hg can reach 88.41%, 78.57% and 86.21%, respectively.
Dyeing Behavior of Chrysophanol on Polyester Fiber
Authors: Wang Xiang Rong , Wang Jia Wei , Zhang Yun
Published: May 2011

The dyeing properties of chrysophanol on polyester (PET) were investigated. Chrysopahnol was stable with the pH range of 3 to 7. And in this pH range, the hue of Chrysophanol of dyed polyester showed very little change. The K/S values increased significantly when the temperature was raised from 90°C to 110°C, and if the temperature was 110°C, the dyeing time exceeded 90min, the dye uptake didn’t increase any more. The adsorption of chrysophanol on polyester accorded with Nerst Partition Relation, and the adsorption capacity increased linearly with the increasing chrysophanol concentration. The partition coefficient and affinity increased with the temperature rising.
Effects of Metal Cation on Disposal of CCl4 into Diphenyl Carbonate at Low Temperature
Authors: Su Kun Mei , Li Zhen Huan , Ding Min , He Xiao Long
Published: May 2011

Zn (II)/SiMCM-41 and Fe (III)/SiMCM-41 showed high activity in disposal of CCl4into diphenyl carbonate (DPC) in presence of CO2at low temperature, due to Zn (II) and Fe (III) have zero Ligands Field Stabblized Energy (LFSE) and strong Lewis acid. Metal ions were immobilized onto the wall of Si-MCM-41, which keep metal cation leaching from catalyst during reaction
Breeding of Xylanase-Producing Strains by Ion Implantation and Studying of Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Li Shi Chang , Wang Dong Dong , Zhu Zhao Yang , Liu Hong Xia
Published: May 2011

With ion implantation, a high xylanase-producing strainAspergillus nigerBU99 was selected. Different late acting carbon sources (wheat bran, wheat straw, corncob and bagasse) had an effect on enzymatic production. Additionally, it was found that fast acting carbon sources (lactose, galactose, sucrose, glucose and maltose) put into the media affected on xylanase production too. Severe catabolic repression was observed in the media with lactose, but other sugars (galactose, sucrose, glucose and maltose) could increase the production of xylanase compared with the control. The production of xylanase was improved too when corncob flour was hydrolyzed by α-amylase, cellulase or/and glucoamylase. Additionally, it was found that the production of xylanase would be almost higher at 60h when the media contained glucose or were hydrolyzed by enzymes.
Kinetics of Benzene Alkylation with Long Chain Olefin over Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Yuan Hai Kuan , Cao Zheng Yi , Ren Jie
Published: May 2011

The benzene alkylation with long chain olefin over solid acid catalyst in the fixed-bed reactor was carried out under near critical conditions. The kinetic model of alkylation correlated with external diffusion and yield model of products were determined, and the model parameters, such as, the external diffusion factor, olefin conversion rate constant and the rate constant forming three products, were estimated. The statistical analysis showed the kinetic model had the higher simulation precision. Compared with the catalyst with 12~16 mesh (Cat-2), the activity and selectivity of linear alkyl benzene (LAB) of catalyst with 20~40 mesh (Cat-1) was higher.
The Effects of PW/SiO2 Activation Temperature on Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Toluene with Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Zhang Ma Liang , Li Zhen Huan , Su Kun Mei , Zhang Lei , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: May 2011

The effects of PW/SiO2activation temperature on MPA (p-methoxyacetophenone) synthesis from toluene and acetic anhydride were carefully studied, and catalysts were carefully characterized by BET and XRD. The charactrerized results displayed that the interaction between PW and SiO2promoted the loss of acidic protons from PW to form the weak acid PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2. The weak acid site PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2came into being when activation temperature increased to 300 °C, and the appearance of PW12O38.5over PW/SiO2resulted in MPA yield decline.
Study of Catalytic Hydrolysis of Alkaline NaBH4 Solution by Ru/Ni Foam Catalyst
Authors: Leu Jai Houng , Su Ay , Huang Z.M. , Liu Ying Chieh , Lin Chun Yuan
Published: May 2011

A Ni metal form was used to carry the Ru catalyst to induce the hydrogen gas from the NaBH4solution. Results show the Ni material was replaced by Ru material. Ru has been coating twice or more to cover all the Ni metal form surface as possible. About 4% of the Ru catalyst plate shows higher hydrogen generation efficiency. Relative to the concentration of NaBH4solution, the 20 wt.% is consisted with the 4% of Ru catalyst plate. Additional thermal treatment between every coating process, the Ru material can be adhered tightly. Furthermore, adding a layer of plastic film on the Ru catalyst plate can maintain 79% of the generation efficiency after 17 cycles of generation.
Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol in Wastewater Using Nanometer TiO2 Film under UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Tian Peng , Shi Zhen Yan , Liu Li Yan , Liu Gang , Kang Yan Hong , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2011

In this paper, using tetrabutyl titanate as source, H2O2(30%) as solvent, synthesis of titanium dioxide sol was achieved by sol-gel method. A transparent sol aging in air 30min, titanium dioxide films were prepared by using spin coating method. The photodegradation capability of 4-chlorophenol has been enhanced by using immobilized TiO2 particles, where the titanium sol synthesized by a sol-gel method was used as the binder for the immobilization. Optimal conditions of TiO2film, 4-chlorophenol concentration, solution pH, and UV irradiation intensity have been found to enhance the photodegradation efficiency.
Stability of the Catalyst for C4 Alkenes to Propylene and Ethylene
Authors: Wang Ding Bo , Wang Bin
Published: May 2011

Used ultra-fine silicon oxide as carrier, the catalyst was prepared with the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with highn(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) ratio as active component for the catalytic cracking of C4 alkenes to propylene and ethylene. The precursors of CaO and La2O3were used to adjust the acidic property of the catalyst. The catalyst was pretreated at 800with protection by inert gas or at 600with water vapor for 24 hours. At 500°C, 0.1MPa, w(H2O)w(C4＝)=0.2, WHSV 3 h-1, the catalyst evaluation was processed under the continuous operation for 25 days and the stability of catalyst was proved. The activity of the catalyst was reduced after long time treatment at the 800 °C or 600 °C with water vapor. The catalysts were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD and Py-IR, the results showed that the catalytic activity of the catalyst concerns with the quantity of the B acid.
Antifelting-Coating for Wool from PPD-[Si(OH)3]2 Agent via a Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Hu Yi , Liu Jin Qiang , Xu Chun Lei
Published: May 2011

A sol type anti-felting agent containing PPD-[Si(OH)3]2 synthesized and applied to the wool with pad-dry-cure process. The structure of the prepolymer was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and the film transparency and the fiber microstructure were proved though UV-vis analysis and WAXD. The results indicated that the coating could endow a better anti-felting effect with low curing temperature at 120°C and 3 min, the area shrinking rate from13.44% of the original fabric decrease to 2.86% of the treated samples without strength decreased and handle changed stiff seriously, which accord with the IWS Test Method 31 standard.
Structural and Electrochemical Study of Dandelion-Like Manganese Dioxide Synthesized by a New Microwave Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Li Jian Ling , Wang Yi Tuo , Zhang Ya Kun , Han Gui Mei , Gao Fei , Wang Xin Dong
Published: May 2011

The microwave-hydrothermal method for synthesizing g-MnO2 has been investigated for the first time. The dandelion-like g-MnO2 active material with 1.0-5.0 μm in diameter was obtained from KBrO3 and MnSO4 via the novel method. Compared with traditional low-temperature hydrothermal method, this approach lowers the temperature by 30-40 °C, and shorts the reaction time 6-14 h. Electrochemical properties of dandelion-like γ-MnO2were elucidated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The synthesized material shows a relative high specific capacitance, and the MnO2 obtained at the condition of 75 °C for 2 h shows the best electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 239.3 F·g-1 at the current density of 100 mA·g-1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte solution.
Synthesis of Sulfated Zirconia Solid Acids and their Activities for Hydrolysis of Ethyl Lactate
Authors: Li Wei Xing , Ni Ying Xiang , Xing Wei Hong
Published: May 2011

A kind of solid acid (sulfated zirconia) was proposed to be used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of ethyl lactate because esterification-hydrolysis was usually applied to produce lactic acid of high purity. The sulfated zirconia was prepared via a simple chemical precipitation and impregnation approach. The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TG-DSC, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. Catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by the hydrolysis reaction of ethyl lactate. The characterization results showed that the prepared sulfated zirconia was of tetragonal phase at the optimum calcination temperature of 650°C and had strong acidity. The conversion of hydrolysis of ethyl lactate using the prepared catalyst was 82.62%. Although the conversion was lower than that of liquid acid (p-toluenesulfonicacid), the solid acid catalyst was easier to be separated from the products. It resolved the problems of pollution and catalyst reuse. This work might provide a new green process for producing lactic acid of high purity.
Effects of CuCl Source and Content on Direct Synthesis of Triethoxysilane from Silicon and Ethanol
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Ji , Yang Kai , Hu Chen Fa , Ge Shi Bin , Yang Chun Hui
Published: May 2011

Effect of CuCl source and content on formation of triethoxysilane in the direct process is described and discussed. The two sources of CuCl and the contact masses from the reduction reaction by silicon and CuCl have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption-desorption with a purpose of studying the reasons that different CuCl sources cause different reaction effect. We found Si-Cu intermetallics in proportion to the contact area between CuCl and Si. So CuCl with the characteristics of finer particles and high specific surface area is beneficial to form vast scale active Si-Cu intermetallics. The CuCl concentration on the performance of the catalytic reaction between silicon and ethanol was investigated by online gas chromatogram. The catalyst concentration greatly influences various aspects of the direct synthesis of triethoxysilane, including the induction time, the reaction rate, the selectivity and the silicon conversion. The reaction activity and yield of triethoxysilane increase as the catalyst concentration increases. However, the reaction selectivity decreases when the catalyst concentration is more than 5%, in this case the yield of triethoxysilane is slightly lower than 10% catalyst concentration.