bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walking with a powered robotic exoskeleton: Subjective experience, spasticity and pain in spinal cord injured persons
Authors: Stampacchia Giulia , Rustici Alessandro , Bigazzi Samuele , Gerini Adriana , Tombini Tullia , Mazzoleni Stefano
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Powered robotic exoskeletons represent an emerging technology for the gait training of Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) persons. The analysis of the psychological and physical impact of such technology on the patient is crucial in terms of clinical appropriateness of such rehabilitation intervention for SCI persons.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acceptability of overground robot-assisted walking and its effect on pain and spasticity.

METHODS: Twenty-one SCI persons participated in a walking session assisted by a powered robotic exoskeleton. Pain assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and muscle spasticity, assessed as subjective perception using an NRS scale and as objective assessment using the Modified Ashworth scale and the Penn scale, were evaluated before and after the walking experience. Positive and negative sensations were investigated using a questionnaire. The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) scale was administrated as well.

RESULTS: After the walking session a significant decrease in the muscle spasticity and pain intensity was observed. The SCI persons recruited in this study reported (i) a global change after the walking session, (ii) high scores on the positive and (iii) low scores on the negative sensations, thus indicating a good acceptability of the robot-assisted walking.

CONCLUSIONS: The overground robot-assisted walking is well accepted by SCI persons and has positive effects in terms of spasticity and pain reduction.
Query aspects approach to web search
Authors: Crabtree Daniel , Gao Xiaoying , Andreae Peter
Published: August 2016

This paper introduces an aspect based model for analysing search queries, where queries are represented as aspects or concepts instead of “bag of words” or strings. A search query may consist of multiple aspects, while some aspects are covered well in the search results and some others are underrepresented. We think the underrepresented aspects are the main reason for the retrieval of irrelevant documents. This paper introduces novel algorithms that identify query aspects and identify underrepresented aspects.

This model has many applications and this paper focuses on three of them: query difficulty prediction, query expansion and interactive query expansion. The main idea is that a hard query is a query with multiple aspects and some of the aspects are underrepresented, and a query can be improved or expanded by adding terms that are semantically related to the underrepresented aspects. Our experiments show that our aspect based methods significantly outperform existing methods.
Uncertainty reasoning for smart homes: An ontological decision network based approach
Authors: Mohammed Abdul-Wahid , Xu Yang , Liu Ming , Agyemang Brighter
Published: August 2016

As intelligence in smart homes increasingly get sophisticated, it has become necessary adopting ontological reasoning in these domains. However, ontologies presently lack a standardised representation for uncertainty in knowledge. A key challenge therefore lies in developing ontology-based decision-making models that can integrate domain uncertainty. In this paper, a decision network extension to OWL ontology using only a subset of domain concepts relevant for probabilistic modelling is proposed. This relevant set of concepts in ontology can be generated on the fly using an algorithm, OWLMB, introduced in this paper. Given an ontology and a class as inputs to OWLMB, Markov boundary of the class is returned as this minimum relevant set. Also, representations for decision and utility nodes are proposed as an extension of valid decision situation to ontology. Validation of this approach in a smart home scenario shows its feasibility in a real application domain.
Global Dynamics of Modeling Flocculation of Microorganism
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Wanbiao , Yan Hai
Published: August 2016

From a biological perspective, a dynamic model describing the cultivation and flocculation of a microorganism that uses two different kinds of nutrients (carbon source and nitrogen source) is proposed. For the proposed model, there always exists a boundary equilibrium, i.e., R h o d o p s e u d o m o n a s p a l u s t r i s -free equilibrium. Furthermore, under additional conditions, the model also has five positive equilibria at most, i.e., the equilibria for which carbon source, nitrogen source, R h o d o p s e u d o m o n a s p a l u s t r i s and flocculants are coexistent. The phenomena of backward and forward bifurcations are extensively discussed by using center manifold theory. The global stability of the boundary equilibrium of the proposed model is deeply investigated. Moreover, the local stability of the positive equilibrium and the uniform persistence of the proposed model are discussed. Under additional conditions, the global stability of the positive equilibrium is studied. Some control strategies are given by the theoretical analysis. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to confirm the correctness of the theoretical results.
HPV Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Spence Tara , Bruce Jeff , Yip Kenneth , Liu Fei-Fei
Published: August 2016

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a highly heterogeneous group of tumours that are associated with diverse clinical outcomes. Recent evidence has demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in up to 25% of HNCs; particularly in the oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) subtype where it can account for up to 60% of such cases. HPVs are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells; numerous HPV subtypes, including 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, drive epithelial cell transformation and tumourigenesis. HPV positive (HPV+) HNC represents a distinct molecular and clinical entity from HPV negative (HPV−) disease; the biological basis for which remains to be fully elucidated. HPV positivity is strongly correlated with a significantly superior outcome; indicating that such tumours should have a distinct management approach. This review focuses on the recent scientific and clinical investigation of HPV+ HNC. In particular, we discuss the importance of molecular and clinical evidence for defining the role of HPV in HNC, and the clinical impact of HPV status as a biomarker for HNC.
Modulation of Neural Network Activity through Single Cell Ablation: An in Vitro Model of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
Authors: Soloperto Alessandro , Bisio Marta , Palazzolo Gemma , Chiappalone Michela , Bonifazi Paolo , Difato Francesco
Published: August 2016

The technological advancement of optical approaches, and the growth of their applications in neuroscience, has allowed investigations of the physio-pathology of neural networks at a single cell level. Therefore, better understanding the role of single neurons in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions has resulted in a strong demand for surgical tools operating with single cell resolution. Optical systems already provide subcellular resolution to monitor and manipulate living tissues, and thus allow understanding the potentiality of surgery actuated at single cell level. In the present work, we report an in vitro experimental model of minimally invasive surgery applied on neuronal cultures expressing a genetically encoded calcium sensor. The experimental protocol entails the continuous monitoring of the network activity before and after the ablation of a single neuron, to provide a robust evaluation of the induced changes in the network activity. We report that in subpopulations of about 1000 neurons, even the ablation of a single unit produces a reduction of the overall network activity. The reported protocol represents a simple and cost effective model to study the efficacy of single-cell surgery, and it could represent a test-bed to study surgical procedures circumventing the abrupt and complete tissue removal in pathological conditions.
Siegesbeckia orientalis Extract Inhibits TGFβ1-Induced Migration and Invasion of Endometrial Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Chi-Chang , Ling Xue-Hua , Hsu Hsia-Fen , Wu Jing-Mei , Wang Chao-Ping , Yang Jyh-Ferng , Fang Li-Wen , Houng Jer-Yiing
Published: August 2016

Type II endometrial carcinoma typically exhibits aggressive metastasis and results in a poor prognosis. Siegesbeckia orientalis Linne is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with several medicinal benefits, including the cytotoxicity against various cancers. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of S. orientalis ethanol extract (SOE) on the migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells, which were stimulated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The inhibitory effects were evaluated by determining wound healing and performing the Boyden chamber assay. This study reveals that SOE can inhibit TGFβ1-induced cell wound healing, cell migration, and cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner in RL95-2 and HEC-1A endometrial cancer cells. SOE also reversed the TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, including the loss of the cell-cell junction and the lamellipodia-like structures. Western blot analysis revealed that SOE inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and Akt, as well as the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, and u-PA in RL95-2 cells dose-dependently. The results of this investigation suggest that SOE is a potential anti-metastatic agent against human endometrial tumors.
Enhanced Cognitive Effects of Demethoxycurcumin, a Natural Derivative of Curcumin on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice
Authors: Lim Dong , Son Hyun , Um Min , Kim In-Ho , Han Daeseok , Cho Suengmok , Lee Chang-Ho
Published: August 2016

In the present study, we examined the ameliorating effects of demethoxycurcumin (DMC) on memory impairment induced by scopolamine using passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in mice. Moreover, to determine the neurobiological effects underlying the ameliorating effects of the DMC, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity was evaluated in mice exposed to scopolamine. Our results demonstrated that chronic oral administration (28 days) of DMC (10 mg/kg) improved scopolamine-induced learning impairment in the passive avoidance task and memory impairment in the Morris water maze. Moreover, Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the DMC-treated group was significantly increased to 33.03% compared with the control group. Our present finding suggests that DMC ameliorates memory impairments induced by scopolamine treatment through reversing the reduction of hippocampal ChAT expression in mice.
Variations in Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Different Plant Organs from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. at Different Growth Times
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Huang Mei , Pang Yu-Xin , Yu Fu-Lai , Chen Ce , Liu Li-Wei , Chen Zhen-Xia , Zhang Ying-Bo , Chen Xiao-Lu , Hu Xuan
Published: August 2016

Blumea balsamifera, also named Ainaxiang, is widely used as an ancient medicinal herb in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is rich in essential oils. In this work the essential oils of B. balsamifera from different plant organs and in different months were extracted, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that essential oil yield of young leaves was the highest (0.65 mL/100 g), followed by mature leaves (0.57 mL/100 g), and the oil yield was higher in October (0.47 mL/100 g) than other months. A total of 44 compounds were identified, representing 92.64%–96.71% of the oil. Eighteen common chemical components were found among the six plant organs, representing >80% of the oil constituents. l-borneol was the main ingredient in leaves, and its content was the highest in senescent leaves and in December. In the essential oils of young shoots and young stems, the main component was dimethoxydurene. Antioxidant activity was also determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assays. The results indicated that the β-carotene bleaching activity was far stronger than the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, and the young leaves and young shoots showed stronger antioxidant activity. Dimethoxydurene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene play a positive role in good antioxidant activity, while β-eudesmol, phytol, and tetradecanal play a negative role. The antioxidant activity revealed in this study might help in developing this promising bioresource for use in the medicinal and cosmetic industries.
Porphyrin Dye-Sensitized Zinc Oxide Aggregated Anodes for Use in Solar Cells
Authors: Syu Yu-Kai , Tingare Yogesh , Lin Shou-Yen , Yeh Chen-Yu , Wu Jih-Jen
Published: August 2016

Porphyrin YD2-o-C8-based dyes were employed to sensitize room-temperature (RT) chemical-assembled ZnO aggregated anodes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To reduce the acidity of the YD2-o-C8 dye solution, the proton in the carboxyl group of a porphyrin dye was replaced with tetrabuthyl ammonium (TBA+) in this work. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the YD2-o-C8-TBA-sensitized ZnO DSSCs is higher than that of the YD2-o-C8-sensitized cells, resulting in the improvement of the efficiency of the YD2-o-C8-based ZnO DSSCs. With an appropriate incorporation of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as coadsorbate, the Jsc and efficiency of the YD2-o-C8-TBA-sensitized ZnO DSSC are enhanced due to the improvement of the incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) values in the wavelength range of 400–450 nm. Moreover, a considerable increase in Jsc is achieved by the addition of a light scattering layer in the YD2-o-C8-TBA-sensitized ZnO photoanodes. Significant IPCE enhancement in the range 475–600 nm is not attainable by tuning the YD2-o-C8-TBA sensitization processes for the anodes without light scattering layers. Using the RT chemical-assembled ZnO aggregated anode with a light scattering layer, an efficiency of 3.43% was achieved in the YD2-o-C8-TBA-sensitized ZnO DSSC.
Profiling of Junior College Football Players and Differences between Position Groups
Authors: Lockie Robert , Lazar Adrina , Orjalo Ashley , Davis DeShaun , Moreno Matthew , Risso Fabrice , Hank Matthew , Stone Randal , Mosich Nicholas
Published: August 2016

This study profiled junior college football players. Sixty-two subjects completed vertical jump (VJ; height and peak power), standing broad jump (SBJ), 36.58 m sprint, pro-agility shuttle, three-cone drill, and maximal-repetition bench press and front squat. The sample included 2 quarterbacks (QB), 7 running backs (RB), 13 wide receivers (WR), 1 tight end (TE), 18 defensive backs (DB), 8 linebackers (LB), and 13 offensive and defensive linemen (LM). To investigate positional differences, subjects were split into skill (SK; WR, DB), big skill (BSK; QB, RB, TE, LB), and LM groups. A one-way ANOVA determined between-group differences. LM were taller and heavier than SK and BSK players. The SK and BSK groups were faster than LM in the 0–36.58 m sprint, pro-agility shuttle, and three-cone drill (p ≤ 0.009). The SK group had greater VJ height and SBJ distance; LM generated greater VJ peak power (p ≤ 0.022). There were no between-group differences in the strength endurance tests. Compared to Division I data, junior college players were smaller, slower, and performed worse in jump tests. Positional differences in junior college football are typical to that of established research. Junior college players should attempt to increase body mass, and improve speed and lower-body power.
KOMPANEETS MODEL FITTING OF THE ORION–ERIDANUS SUPERBUBBLE. II. THINKING OUTSIDE OF BARNARD’S LOOP
Authors: Pon Andy , Ochsendorf Bram B. , Alves João , Bally John , Basu Shantanu , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: August 2016

The Orion star-forming region is the nearest active high-mass star-forming region and has created a large superbubble, the Orion–Eridanus superbubble. Recent work by Ochsendorf et al. has extended the accepted boundary of the superbubble. We fit Kompaneets models of superbubbles expanding in exponential atmospheres to the new larger shape of the Orion–Eridanus superbubble. We find that this larger morphology of the superbubble is consistent with the evolution of the superbubble being primarily controlled by expansion into the exponential Galactic disk ISM if the superbubble is oriented with the Eridanus side farther from the Sun than the Orion side. Unlike previous Kompaneets model fits that required abnormally small scale heights for the Galactic disk (<40 pc), we find morphologically consistent models with scale heights of 80 pc, similar to that expected for the Galactic disk.
A CASE AGAINST SPINNING PAHS AS THE SOURCE OF THE ANOMALOUS MICROWAVE EMISSION
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Draine B. T. , Meisner Aaron M.
Published: August 2016

We employ an all-sky map of the anomalous microwave emission (AME) produced by component separation of the microwave sky to study correlations between the AME and Galactic dust properties. We find that while the AME is highly correlated with all tracers of dust emission, the best predictor of the AME strength is the dust radiance. Fluctuations in the AME intensity per dust radiance are uncorrelated with fluctuations in the emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), casting doubt on the association between AME and PAHs. The PAH abundance is strongly correlated with the dust optical depth and dust radiance, consistent with PAH destruction in low density regions. We find that the AME intensity increases with increasing radiation field strength, at variance with predictions from the spinning dust hypothesis. Finally, the temperature dependence of the AME per dust radiance disfavors the interpretation of the AME as thermal emission. A reconsideration of other AME carriers, such as ultrasmall silicates, and other emission mechanisms, such as magnetic dipole emission, is warranted.
PROBING THE DEEP END OF THE MILKY WAY WITH KEPLER: ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS OF 854 FAINT RED GIANTS MISCLASSIFIED AS COOL DWARFS
Authors: Mathur S. , García R. A. , Huber D. , Regulo C. , Stello D. , Beck P. G. , Houmani K. , Salabert D.
Published: August 2016

Asteroseismology has proven to be an excellent tool to determine not only global stellar properties with good precision, but also to infer the stellar structure, dynamics, and evolution for a large sample of Kepler stars. Prior to the launch of the mission, the properties of Kepler targets were inferred from broadband photometry, leading to the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). The KIC was later revised in the Kepler Star Properties Catalog, based on literature values and an asteroseismic analysis of stars that were unclassified in the KIC. Here, we present an asteroseismic analysis of 45,400 stars that were classified as dwarfs in the Kepler Star Properties Catalog. We found that around 2% of the sample shows acoustic modes in the typical frequency range that put them in the red-giant category rather than the cool dwarf category. We analyze the asteroseismic properties of these stars, derive their surface gravities, masses, and radii, and present updated effective temperatures and distances. We show that the sample is significantly fainter than the previously known oscillating giants in the Kepler field, with the faintest stars reaching down to a Kepler magnitude of Kp ∼ 16. We demonstrate that 404 stars are at distances beyond 5 kpc and that the stars are significantly less massive than for the original Kepler red-giant sample, consistent with a population of distant halo giants. A comparison with a galactic population model shows that up to 40 stars might be genuine halo giants, which would increase the number of known asteroseismic halo stars by a factor of 4. The detections presented here will provide a valuable sample for galactic archeology studies.
GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AS CRADLES OF LIFE AND ADVANCED CIVILIZATIONS
Authors: Stefano R. Di , Ray A.
Published: August 2016

Globular clusters are ancient stellar populations in compact dense ellipsoids. There is no star formation and there are no core-collapse supernovae, but several lines of evidence suggest that globular clusters are rich in planets. If so, and if advanced civilizations can develop there, then the distances between these civilizations and other stars would be far smaller than typical distances between stars in the Galactic disk, facilitating interstellar communication and travel. The potent combination of long-term stability and high stellar densities provides a globular cluster opportunity. Yet the very proximity that promotes interstellar travel also brings danger, as stellar interactions can destroy planetary systems. We find, however, that large portions of many globular clusters are “sweet spots,” where habitable-zone planetary orbits are stable for long times. Globular clusters in our own and other galaxies are, therefore, among the best targets for searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). We use the Drake equation to compare the likelihood of advanced civilizations in globular clusters to that in the Galactic disk. We also consider free-floating planets, since wide-orbit planets can be ejected to travel through the cluster. Civilizations spawned in globular clusters may be able to establish self-sustaining outposts, reducing the probability that a single catastrophic event will destroy the civilization. Although individual civilizations may follow different evolutionary paths, or even be destroyed, the cluster may continue to host advanced civilizations once a small number have jumped across interstellar space. Civilizations residing in globular clusters could therefore, in a sense, be immortal.
MAGNETIC FIELD LINE RANDOM WALK IN ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE WITH VARYING MEAN FIELD
Authors: Sonsrettee W. , Subedi P. , Ruffolo D. , Matthaeus W. H. , Snodin A. P. , Wongpan P. , Chuychai P. , Rowlands G. , Vyas S.
Published: August 2016

In astrophysical plasmas, the magnetic field line random walk (FLRW) plays an important role in guiding particle transport. The FLRW behavior is scaled by the Kubo number

for rms magnetic fluctuation b, large-scale mean field

, and coherence scales parallel (

) and perpendicular (

) to

. Here we use a nonperturbative analytic framework based on Corrsin’s hypothesis, together with direct computer simulations, to examine the R-scaling of the FLRW for varying B
0 with finite b and isotropic fluctuations with

, instead of the well-studied route of varying

for

. The FLRW for isotropic magnetic fluctuations is also of astrophysical interest regarding transport processes in the interstellar medium. With a mean field, fluctuations may have variance anisotropy, so we consider limiting cases of isotropic variance and transverse variance (with b

z
 = 0). We obtain analytic theories, and closed-form solutions for extreme cases. Padé approximants are provided to interpolate all versions of theory and simulations to any B
0. We demonstrate that, for isotropic turbulence, Corrsin-based theories generally work well, and with increasing R there is a transition from quasilinear to Bohm diffusion. This holds even with b

z
 = 0, when different routes to

are mathematically equivalent; in contrast with previous studies, we find that a Corrsin-based theory with random ballistic decorrelation works well even up to R = 400, where the effects of trapping are barely perceptible in simulation results.
TIDAL STIRRING OF SATELLITES WITH SHALLOW DENSITY PROFILES PREVENTS THEM FROM BEING TOO BIG TO FAIL
Authors: Tomozeiu Mihai , Mayer Lucio , Quinn Thomas
Published: August 2016

The “too big to fail” problem is revisited by studying the tidal evolution of populations of dwarf satellites with different density profiles. The high-resolution cosmological ΛCDM “ErisMod” set of simulations is used. These simulations can model both the stellar and dark matter components of the satellites, and their evolution under the action of the tides of a Milky Way (MW)-sized host halo at a force resolution better than 10 pc. The stronger tidal mass loss and re-shaping of the mass distribution induced in satellites with γ = 0.6 dark matter density distributions, as those resulting from the effect of feedback in hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxy formation, are sufficient to bring the circular velocity profiles in agreement with the kinematics of MW’s dSphs. In contrast, in simulations in which the satellites retain cusps at z = 0 there are several “massive failures” with circular velocities in excess of the observational constraints. Various sources of deviations in the conventionally adopted relation between the circular velocity at the half-light radius and the one-dimensional line of sight velocity dispersions are found. Such deviations are caused by the response of circular velocity profiles to tidal effects, which also varies depending on the initially assumed inner density profile and by the complexity of the stellar kinematics, which include residual rotation and anisotropy. In addition, tidal effects naturally induce large deviations in the stellar mass–halo mass relation for halo masses below 109
M
⊙, preventing any reliable application of the abundance matching technique to dwarf galaxy satellites.
« Rebond de la fécondité » dans les pays développés, automatisme ou apanage de quelques rares privilégiés ?
Authors: Greulich Angela
Published: August 2016

L'inversion de la tendance, appelée « rebond de la fécondité », qui accompagne le processus de développement économique dans certains pays développés, mais pas dans tous, montre que l'incidence du développement économique sur la fécondité est ambiguë. Le caractère positif ou négatif de cette incidence dépend de nombreux facteurs, en plus de la dimension économique. Dans la mesure où la fécondité affecte la croissance démographique et la pyramide des âges, ses évolutions dans un futur immédiat ont des conséquences très importantes sur le développement économique, la croissance de la productivité et certains aspects de la protection sociale. Par conséquent, le fait de savoir si de nouveaux progrès économiques sont susceptibles de provoquer un rebond de la fécondité dans les pays très développés revêt un intérêt politique, social et économique majeur. Cet article apporte un éclairage sur les moteurs potentiels de la fécondité dans les pays très développés. En dressant un état de l'art de la littérature empirique, il répond à la question : le phénomène du « rebond de la fécondité » est-il susceptible, et dans quelles conditions, de devenir un fait stylisé dans les pays développés dans un avenir proche ? Classification JEL : J11, J13, J16, O11.
L’art du psychanalyste : l’inventivité
Authors: Marie Pierre
Published: August 2016

La pratique de la psychanalyse se distingue de toute psychothérapie par l’accent qui y est mis sur le fonctionnement du langage qui contient autant le langage verbal que le langage idiolectal émotionnel qui est la première forme d’expression de la mère comme du nouveau-né et qui va donc être le mode de l’énonciation de la demande de l’Autre maternel instituant le nouveau-né comme sujet et constituant les conditions de son expérience. C’est donc ce langage émotionnel qu’il importe d’entendre pour que cesse le pouvoir performatif de cette demande de l’Autre maternel à l’origine du symptôme, mais saisie qui impose d’être attentif à la singularité de cette expression et donc d’être inventif dans son écoute et sa scansion.
Discours de l’analyste, discours de l’analysant
Authors: Chaboudez Gisèle
Published: August 2016

Le discours analytique s’instaure à certaines conditions dans son rapport au discours de l’analysant. La structure efficace qui le détermine ne s’atteint pas d’emblée, lors du passage de l’analysant à l’analyste. Une fois atteinte, elle ne porte pas ses fruits sans l’interprétation qui est un acte.
L’invention freudienne : une invention en marche
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: August 2016

L’invention de la psychanalyse résulte de tâtonnements, de questionnements accumulés et de réponses parfois fragmentaires que Freud a constamment ajustées et réajustées dans sa pratique. Après son stage chez Charcot à La Salpêtrière et sa rencontre avec Bernheim qui travaille sur la « relation », il abandonne la neurologie pour se consacrer au psychisme. Son travail avec les hystériques qui souffrent avant tout de réminiscences le conduit à mesurer l’importance des affects dans l’avancée de la cure, et le rôle du transfert qui assigne au psychanalyste la place de dritte Person . Ce qui implique que l’analyste, selon Freud, renonce à toute position théorique ou intellectualiste de savoir en acceptant d’adopter une position d’« oscillation psychique » au gré des paroles et des besoins du patient, afin que ce dernier puisse faire peu à peu émerger de son histoire sa propre place en tant que sujet.
La créativité de Donald Woods Winnicott
Authors: de Rivoyre Frédéric
Published: August 2016

Cet article a pour objet de présenter la théorie de la créativité chez D.W. Winnicott en insistant sur le caractère novateur de la théorie comme du clinicien. Le sentiment d’exister est au fondement de cette théorie qui, sans renier le corpus freudien, y ajoute un élément fondamental.
Les consultations ouvertes d’Enfance en jeu : un espace qui ouvre à l’inconscient
Authors: Saladin Catherine
Published: August 2016

Françoise Dolto fut à l’origine des consultations ouvertes pour des enfants, qu’elle créa à l’hôpital Trousseau à Paris. Émerveillée par ce qu’elle découvrit des effets de l’inconscient, elle souhaita que d’autres puissent partager ses découvertes. Dans le même esprit, Catherine Vanier a créé l’association Enfance en jeu qui a ouvert la possibilité, pour un certain nombre d’analystes, de recevoir gratuitement des enfants et leur famille, en présence de jeunes analystes en formation.
Development Challenges of a Full Integrated App in Higher Education
Authors: Pereira Anabela Sousa , Moreira António A. , Chaló Paulo , Sancho Luís , Varela Ana , Oliveira Carla
Published: August 2016

A recent development in Higher Education reflects a growing use of digital systems and services. Younger students tend to adapt in a quicker manner than their predecessors and app use has not been an exception. This chapter's tried to reflect upon the paradigm shift in the field of HE associated with the introduction of apps like learning and health promoting apps, with particular focus on mHealth and biofeedback. The newer trend of gamification is also considered as a potential tool for increased motivation and engagement. The authors consider that the development of a coherent solution, based on a multidisciplinary approach for the promotion of students' educational success and well-being would be a worthwhile investment, leading to an innovative, integrated multidisciplinary app that might act as a promoter of HE student's adaptation, success and wellbeing.
“Rural-Specific” Types of Childhood Trauma in Rural Communities
Authors: Velasquez Roberto Jose , Juarez Yadira
Published: August 2016

In this chapter, the authors discuss eight types of trauma that Latino children are likely to encounter by residing in rural or geographically-isolated communities. The authors contend that there exist more “rural-specific” types of childhood trauma that Latino children are at-risk for when compared to “urban-specific” types of trauma. For example, Latino children who reside in rural communities are more likely to traumatized by parental deportation, migrating from one town to another because parents follow the harvest, language brokering or translating for their parents, experiencing or witnessing farming accidents, relocating from the city to the country, isolation from extended family, pesticide poisoning of the child or a family member, and living in labor camps or substandard housing. It is important to note that Latino children, like children from other cultural, racial, and ethnic backgrounds, can experience all types of trauma irrespective of whether they reside in urban or rural settings.
Online Prevention and Early Intervention in the Field of Psychiatry Using Gamification in Internet Interventions
Authors: Hanusová Jana , Štěpánková Tereza , Tomanová Jana , Dočkalová Simona , Papežová Hana
Published: August 2016

Many individuals, who suffer from mental disorders, seek professional help late or not at all, which increases the risk of chronification and reduces the chance of recovery. Insufficient services in the place of living, lack of information, shame and fear of stigmatization often prevent seeking help. The potential to reduce these barriers can be seen in anonymous Internet interventions, many of them were proved to be effective. The main problem reported across the studies is low actual use of the programs when disseminated to the public. Gamification and serious computer games is seen to have the potential to increase user satisfaction with Internet interventions, motivation to use the programs and thus affect possible outcomes. We show examples of games targeting mental health improvement and awareness that have been scientifically evaluated. We also provide our experience with the development of a game targeting prevention and early intervention for eating disorders, disseminated in the Czech Republic together with the European prevention program ProYouth.
Mental Health Issues among Family Members of Children with Mental Disability
Authors: Hashim Aili Hanim , Kaur Manveen , Bahar Norharlina , Ismail Wan Salwina Wan
Published: August 2016

Parenting children with intellectual disabilities is challenging. Many of these children are misunderstood, while parents are often blamed for the difficulties. The reality is that parents of such children are themselves unable to understand the nature of their child's difficulties, what more to cope with the child. The child's difficulties pose challenge for the parents and siblings, and many parents struggle. The chapter will discuss types of problems faced by the children with mental disability, their parents and siblings, including the possible impact on mental health of the family. The chapter will as well discuss the impact of mental health difficulties in parents and its impact on their parenting. The chapter hopes to highlight the need to recognize parents who are struggling, what should professionals looked for in their assessment of families with children with intellectual disabilities. Identifying families who are struggling is important as the family environment has an impact on functioning and, consequently, service needs of the child.
“I Can't Do It by Myself”
Authors: Kuss Daria Joanna
Published: August 2016

The addiction to Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) is a contemporary phenomenon which emerges against the background of the dissolution of traditional communities. The individuals who participate in these games seek sociability and find a variety of options to partake in social life online. For a number of players, their engagement may take on addictive qualities, as characterised by symptoms similar to substance-related addictions. These symptoms include craving, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms as well as significant impairments in different areas of the individuals' lives. The aim of this chapter is to provide a qualitative account of how the fascination with playing MMORPGs can turn into addiction as experienced by clients seeking help in a specialized outpatient treatment centre in Germany. Moreover, it addresses their therapy motivation as indicated by their contemplation about and preparation for action. Five clients are interviewed and the results are analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Implications are discussed.
Negative Effects of Home Foreclosures on Mental and Physical Health Risks
Authors: Kizito Owusu
Published: August 2016

The rising rate of home foreclosures which stands at approximately 1 in 92 households in the United States has raised a national alarm. Medical issues account for approximately half of all home foreclosure filings and it appears that approximately 1.5 million American homeowners could lose their homes to foreclosure every year. The phenomenological method was applied to explore the problems through the participant's lived experience. Four core themes were revealed: foreclosure process resulting in hospitalization of family and foreclosure associated with the lack of family's health insurance, family health and the foreclosure process, and foreclosure and the negligence of doctor's prescription, foreclosure as perceived loss of money and finally homeownership, displacement and housing instability as a reason for depression. The study provides a framework for local practitioners and decision makers in identifying the consequences on the physical and mental health of the participants and their families and providing a workable foreclosure response system.
Forensic Psychological Perspectives on Youth Gang Involvement in Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making Weapons Cases
Authors: Johnson Ronn
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to explore issues related to gang-affiliated youth's use of JFSB behavior as a weapon. Too often, the critical analysis of JFSB is circumscribed to the act with little or no consideration of a clinical forensic weapons use motivation. In this case, successful efforts to identify and isolate the origins of such events are more contingent upon a deeper understanding of the subtle processes that explain this particular kind of weapons use by juvenile gang members.
The dynamics of God’s reign as a hermeneutic key to Jesus’ eschatological expectation
Authors: Urbaniak Jakub , Otu Elijah
Published: August 2016

With this study, we seek to contribute to the theological discussion regarding the nature and the meaning of the Christian eschaton. We will argue that the dynamics of God’s reign provide a hermeneutic key to Jesus’ ‘eschatological expectation’. It is not possible to grasp the full meaning of Jesus’ urgent expectation of the end unless one realises that God’s action is always eschatological. That is to say, right from creation, God is always acting in history in an eschatological way, though only in Jesus does this action reach its ultimate goal. By critically examining the multifaceted views of selected contemporary theologians, we will suggest that Jesus’ eschatological expectation may be adequately interpreted only in light of God’s ‘eschatological reign’. In this context, the tension between the already present and not yet fully realised dimensions of God’s reign appears as a promising hermeneutic key to Jesus’ teaching in general and his eschatological expectation in particular. The article consists of two sections. Firstly, we will give a brief account of the dynamics of God’s reign, interpreted according to the ‘middle way’ between consistent and realised eschatology. In the second part, our focus will be on the eschatological expectation: its development in the Jewish tradition; on how Jesus applied, or rather re-appropriated, it in his mission; and whether or not his emphasis on the imminence of an eschaton was a result of him being mistaken.
An ethnographic account of a snapshot in Professor Graham Duncan’s journey of educational professionalism
Authors: Du Toit Pieter Hertzog
Published: August 2016

This article takes the form of a meta-reflection on the educational contribution to the wider community of the University of Pretoria made by Professor Graham Duncan. It is but a snapshot of the academic life of a scholar of note. The epicentre of the article revolves around his educational professionalism that emanated from an intrapersonal point of departure.Through an ethnographic lens that informed my action research over many years, I document my numerous scholarly encounters with my colleague and former student. My meta-reflection is typical of my ontological-epistemological stance, mirroring some of the questions and ways of thinking Professor Duncan as lecturer continuously asked himself. Two main questions are focused on. Ontological: Who is Graham Duncan as scholar of teaching in higher education? Epistemological: What epistemological grounding informs his view of his teaching practice? As the nature of the article is ethnographic, I drew on texts created by Professor Duncan. These included a drafted article and emails that had been sent to me. I engaged with these texts in such a way that the article has become a living theory and affirmation of his and my educational values regarding facilitating and assessing learning in an innovative fashion. My analysis of his scholarly journey and texts offers rich qualitative data that are reported. The conclusion drawn is that Graham Duncan is an exemplar of a constructivist professional.
Virtualiteit in Dietrich Bonhoeffer se Sanctorum Communio: Kollektiewe intelligensie as nuwe epistemologie vir die kerk?
Authors: Du Toit Deon
Published: August 2016

Virtuality in Dietrich Bonhoeffers’ Sanctorum Communio: Collective intelligence as a new epistemology of the church? Collective intelligence has been indicated from biological, philosophical, anthropological and technological developments. The stygmergy principle serves to explain collective behaviour in nature such as with ants. An earlier form of collective intelligence is found in Leibniz’ Monadology. Today, collective intelligence emerges from the anthropological space of knowledge. This article argues that collective intelligence such as Wikipedia is based on a postfoundational epistemology and asks whether this can be seen as a new epistemology for the self and the other. With these insights as hermeneutical interface, Bonhoeffers’ ecclesiology in Sanctorum Communio is re-read, and it is argued that Bonhoeffers’ church concept as Christus als Gemeinde existierend collectively might serve as a new epistemology for the church.
A method for the sequential measurement of yttrium‐90 and thorium‐234 and their application to the study of rapid particle dynamics in aquatic systems
Authors: Waples James T. , Orlandini Kent A.
Published: August 2016

234Th/238U activity ratios have been used for decades in marine and freshwater systems as a tracer for particle flux—where disequilibrium between particle‐reactive 234Th (half‐life: 24.1 d) and its conservative parent 238U measures particle removal rates on a time scale of days to weeks. A new tracer that we have developed utilizes 90Y/90Sr activity ratios—where disequilibrium between particle‐reactive 90Y (half‐life: 64 h) and its conservative parent 90Sr measures particle removal rates on a time scale of hours to days. When both tracers (90Y/90Sr and 234Th/238U) are used in tandem, net particle removal rates on both time scales are measured. Here, we present a detailed set of instructions for the sequential measurement of 90Y and 234Th in a water sample and demonstrate how the use of these two chronometers can be applied to deconstruct sediment resuspension in Lake Michigan.
Total carbon analysis may overestimate organic carbon content of fresh waters in the presence of high dissolved inorganic carbon
Authors: Findlay Stuart , McDowell William H. , Fischer David , Pace Michael L. , Caraco Nina , Kaushal Sujay S , Weathers Kathleen C.
Published: August 2016

Automated carbon analyzers often are configured to provide estimates of both total organic carbon (TOC) and nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC). We show there can be an overestimation of total carbon in the presence of moderate to large quantities of dissolved inorganic carbon. This leads to overestimates of TOC, which is measured as the difference between total carbon and inorganic carbon. Water samples were analyzed as both TOC and NPOC on a Shimadzu TC 5050 Carbon Analyzer. The difference between TOC and NPOC increased as a function of concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Water samples spiked with DIC ranging from 0 to 100 mg DIC/L also reported increased TOC as large as 8 mg C/L. Our data suggest that the Shimadzu 5050 analyzer (and by analogy other instruments that estimate TOC by difference between TC and IC) overestimates total carbon (TC) when calibrated with an organic standard as recommended by the manufacturer. The magnitude of the overestimation varies both with the amount of DIC present in the sample and the extent to which measurement efficiency of the analyzer is less than 100%. The consequences will be most severe in analysis of samples from systems spanning a large range in DIC. Time series from individual systems are less likely to be affected because the necessary large change in DIC would be detected as changes in pH or other attributes well before any change in DOC. Systems with high DIC will, however, be susceptible to even small variations in measurement efficiency.
Fully automated system for stable isotopic analyses of dissolved nitrous oxide at natural abundance levels
Authors: McIlvin Matthew R. , Casciotti Karen L.
Published: August 2016

Isotopic and isotopomeric analyses of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) can provide important information about the mechanisms of production and consumption of this climatically important trace gas. Increased spatial and temporal data coverage for N2O isotopic measurements are needed to improve our understanding of the production of N2O in a variety of aquatic environments, such as coastal and open ocean areas. A new method is presented for automated measurement of δ15Nbulk, δ18O, and site preference of dissolved nitrous oxide in natural waters using a GC‐Pal autosampler and a Finnigan DeltaPlus isotope ratio mass spectrometer and is capable of analyzing 30 samples in 22 h without user attention after the start of the run. The system was first tested with samples produced by injecting our N2O reference gas and/or N2O test mixtures, ranging in isotopic composition and concentration, into N2‐sparged seawater. The method was then applied to samples containing a large range of N2O concentrations, δ15Nbulk, δ18O, and site preference values from two high‐resolution depth profiles from the Arabian Sea. The results showed precise determination of isotopic values of N2O from 160 mL aqueous samples over the concentration range normally found in the oceans (5–80 nmol L−1). Sample standard deviation for triplicate 160 mL samples at 6 nmol L−1 N2O is better than 0.3‰ for δ15Nbulk, 0.5‰for δ18O, and 1.0‰ for 15N site preference. The automated technique described here requires relatively minor modifications of existing N2O purge and trap systems and can be implemented broadly for a variety of applications.
Three in one: fixing marine nematodes for ecological, molecular, and morphological studies
Authors: Fonseca Gustavo , Fehlauer‐Ale Karin H.
Published: August 2016

Multidisciplinary benthic studies are still hindered by the lack of a unique fixative that satisfactorily preserves morphology and DNA, and that is simultaneously adequate for ecological surveys. The objective of this study is to test the performance of five fixatives: formalin, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide with EDTA and NaCl salts (DESS), methanol with acetic acid (METHAC), and ethanol with acetic acid (ETHAC), for the preservation of estuarine and exclusively marine nematode assemblages for morphological, molecular, and ecological studies. The presence of the stain rose bengal in each fixative was also evaluated in the yield of PCR reactions. For molecular analyses, one species of each habitat was considered. Results revealed that fixative performance for morphological studies is habitat‐ and species‐dependent. For studies of estuarine sediment nematodes, we recommend the use of pure ethanol, because it caused little morphological distortion (<10% of the assemblage), preserved all the species for ecological studies, and yielded high quality DNA sequences. For studies of exclusively marine environments, METHAC or DESS are the most adequate. The first performed better for morphological and ecological surveys, whereas the second was more appropriate for molecular research. For ecological studies, DESS should be used in comparison with formalin, in order to cross check the results. Finally, staining of samples with rose bengal is not recommended, because it hindered DNA amplification regardless of the fixative used.