bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the in-cylinder working process of an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Linear Generator
Authors: Zhu Y , Tang Z , Feng H
Published: September 2019

Due to the potential application on hybrid, an opposed-piston free-piston linear generator (OPFPLG) is designed, and its operating principle is described. According to its structural parameters and motion characteristics, the mathematical model is established, including the dynamics, thermodynamics, and control equations. The simulation model based on Matlab/Simulink platform is set up for numerically analyzing its performance. The result of the simulation generally accords with the design expectation, and the in-cylinder characteristics of the OPFPLG is analyzed. The indicate power is 6 kW and the mechanical efficiency is 38.2% in the simulation model. The influence of variable parameters – mass and ignition advance angle – is illustrated and discussed.
Study on key influencing factors of magnetic autotrophic denitrification reactor
Authors: Yu Cong , Wang Jiabin , Zhang Dong , Li Tianhang
Published: September 2019

Under the condition of inoculating autotrophic denitrification sludge cultured earlier in the laboratory by constructing a magnetic autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor, the effect of the change in the range of Influent ammonia nitrogen loading at 0.05KgN·m-3 d-1-0.2KgN·m-3 d-1, pH = 6 ~ 8, COD concentration in 0-300mg/L on the treatment efficiency of autotrophic nitrogen removal process was investigated. Research shows that, magnetic autotrophic denitrification reactor has better resistance to ammonia-nitrogen shock load. When the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration was 400mg / L (ammonia nitrogen loading was 0.2 KgN·m-3 d-1, the autotrophic nitrogen removal efficiency could be ensured. PH had obvious effects on short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation in magnetic autotrophic denitrification reactor. Too high or too low pH had great effect on nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor. At pH=8, the removal efficiency of total nitrogen is up to 60%, and the efficiency of autotrophic nitrogen removal is the best. The presence of appropriate organic carbon source is helpful to improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal. When the influent COD concentration is 100mg/L, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the reactor is the highest, and the removal rate of total nitrogen is 74%.
Research on Electricity Supply Forecasting Model and Application of China Adapting to Supply-Side Structural Reform
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Lili , Zhang Chuncheng , Tan Xiandong
Published: September 2019

Since 2012, China’s economy has entered a new normal of declining potential growth rate, mainly due to insufficient effective supply, structural imbalance and mismatch between supply and demand. In order to solve the structural problems of China’s economic development, since 2015, the government has made major theoretical innovations and decision-making arrangements for supply-side structural reform. Electric power industry is the key area and important support of supply-side structural reform. In order to simulate and forecast the electric power supply situation under the structural reform of supply side, this paper uses Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model to construct the energy processing conversion module, and optimizes the power generation module based on the principle of minimum cost. In this model, power generation capacity, electricity generation and carbon emission is calculated under both basic and active supply side structural reform scenarios. Under the active supply side structural reform scenario, the results show that China’s power generation capacity and electricity generation will reach 5949 GW and 16.1 billion MWh in 2050 respectively, and the proportion of clean energy for both power generation capacity and electricity generation increased significantly. China’s carbon dioxide emissions from energy combustion will peak in 2023, with a peak of about 9.87 billion tons.
Research On Explosive Fracturing Technology Of Liquid Explosives In Micro-cracks In Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Jinjun , Liu Jing , Zhao Junzhong , Du Fangli
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the experimental methods and related explosion parameters calculation methods for liquid explosive explosion technology satisfying the explosion critical dimension of 2 mm are introduced. Studies have shown that the developed liquid medicine meets the needs of explosion reconstruction joints with seam crack width greater than 2 mm, it basically determined its formulation and performance optimization parameters. The detonation speed of 1500-3500m/s can be applied to the process test design requirements of different lithological characteristics; The safety and feasibility of on-site construction were verified by the horizontal well CZ44-58 process test application, which provided a reference for optimizing the performance design of liquid drug performance, which laid a foundation for the experimental application research of micro-crack explosion stimulation technology and technology in low permeability oil layer.
Study on the Theory of Rafael Moneo Architectural Typology
Authors: He Ming , Qi Jingyi
Published: September 2019

With the rapid development of construction industry, large-scale construction ignored the historical tradition, destroyed the urban texture, and gradually disconnected the architectural theory and practice. Rafael Moneo believes that architects should be rooted in their own country cultural background to analyze the rationality of the site and create modern local architecture belonging to their country. Moneo attaches great importance to the historical tradition and social culture and takes an active part in the architectural practice. The study of his works which combine modern rationality and traditional humanism can provide a reference for solving the problems faced by architectural circles. We briefly introduce Moneo type theory with the comparison and analysis. On the basis of typology, this paper analyzes and interprets the forming process of some of his representative works, and it expresses abstract spirit in modern form to create a unique spiritual place.
The Protection And Significance Of Regional Characteristics Of Jinan Traditional Dwellings In Urban Renewal
Authors: Wei Shurun
Published: September 2019

Combining the preciseness of northern quadrangle courtyard with the smart beauty of southern dwellings, Jinan traditional dwellings have its own remarkable characteristics due to the unique geographical environment factors. With a long historical accumulation, Jinan dwellings contain a profound cultural heritage and spiritual connotations. Although people’s awareness of protecting ancient residential buildings is gradually enhanced, it is easy to ignore the regional characteristics, which could lead to the phenomenon that our cities are becoming the same. Therefore, in the process of urban renewal, only by better protecting the regional characteristics of ancient architecture and excavating the artistic style and cultural connotation, can the traditional urban context be inherited, integrated and developed in modern architecture.
Creative Destruction and Commercialization of Traditional Villages: Likeng, Wangkou, and Jiangwan in Wuyuan, China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Long Bin , Zhao Yao
Published: September 2019

Since the latter half of the 20th century, rural communities with unique place-based assets have been re-imagined as tourist destinations, and broad rural areas have been gradually incorporated into urban consumption systems. In some locales, traditional villages have been transformed from productive spaces to consumption spaces. Focusing on three traditional villages in Wuyuan that share similar cultural assets: Likeng, Wangkou, and Jiangwan, this study evaluated if this transformation, sometimes termed as “creative destruction,” is occurring in China’s traditional villages, and to uncover the motivations driving this change. Based on the commercialization of the traditional village space, this study found that the creative destruction model highlights the role of tourism as a dominant driver transforming a rural landscape. The case study approach is applied to three communities and the stakeholder’s benefits game is analyzed during every stage of commercialization. The most significant finding is the recognition that the creative destruction model should be revised when analyzing the commercialization stages in China’s traditional villages, especially because of the need to assimilate the influence of interested local governments and other stakeholders. Furthermore, the revised model may reveal future development directions from productive rural landscape to diversified hybrid landscape.
Explore on color design of facilities space for adaptation aging in China
Authors: Liu Ying , Hu Jinglin , Yu Ge
Published: September 2019

This study is conducted in the context of the increasingly serious aging problem in China and the increasing demand for age-appropriate facilities. This paper first analyzes the impact of color on the physiology and psychology of the elderly, then analyzes the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly for color, and finally puts forward the color design method for the facade, indoor environment and outdoor environment of aging facilities. The purpose of this study is to provide the elderly with a comfortable living, entertainment and service environment through color design.
Large-scale park infrastructure comprehensive design coordination degree measurement
Authors: Fang Jun , Wu Dingyuan , Fan Siyuan
Published: September 2019

With the continuous development of large-scale park infrastructure projects, engineering project management is increasingly moving towards a complex development trend. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complex management model and technical method suitable for it. Based on the synergy theory, this paper conducts a more in-depth study on the collaborative management mechanism of such complex projects in the comprehensive design of large-scale park infrastructure. The relationship diagram of the comprehensive design subsystem of the large-scale park infrastructure was successfully established, and the subsystem function functions including the four goals of construction period, resources, quality and information were established. In addition, focusing on the information subsystem, the subsystem order index optimization is carried out, and the synergy measurement function model of the multi-objective system of large-scale park infrastructure design is constructed. Finally, combined with the actual case, the selection of the optimal plan for the comprehensive design of a large-scale park infrastructure is effectively analyzed based on the calculated system synergy metric value.
Analysis and Research on Design Sample of Urban Mobile Toilet
Authors: Liu Bo , Lin Mingyu
Published: September 2019

Based on the questionnaire survey of mobile toilet users, this paper designed the four different samples of urban mobile toilets according to the research results, which are ecological limo mobile toilet, modular mobile toilet, container-type mobile toilet and 3D printing mobile toilet. Four design features of mobile toilets, such as flexibility and mobility, technological advancement, humanistic care and ecological protection, are summarized theoretically. The current mobile toilet design are also to meet the needs of The Times development, and facilitate green travel, also promote the development of urban civilization, and provide effective reference for the construction of urban sanitation industry.
Supervision Strategy of PPP Project in Urban Underground Integrated Pipe Gallery
Authors: Fan Siyuan
Published: September 2019

The choice of government and social capital partner cooperation strategy in PPP mode has an important impact on the operation of the whole project, and the change of strategy of either party will be affected or influence the choice of the other party’s strategy. Therefore, the construction of the urban underground integrated pipe gallery PPP project is a process of a dynamic game between the government and social capital. It is impossible to use a single regulatory strategy throughout the life cycle of the project. This paper takes government supervision as the starting point, based on the evolutionary game theory, constructs the evolutionary game model according to the characteristics of the urban underground integrated pipe gallery PPP project, and mainly analyzes the equilibrium stability of the evolutionary game, which provides strong support for the improvement of the PPP project supervision strategy for urban underground integrated pipe gallery.
Analytical analysis of stress and displacement for surrounding rock of deep-buried rectangular tunnel in layered strata
Authors: Rao Junying , Liu Dengkai , Xie Caijin , Nie Chongxin , Ping Li
Published: September 2019

This study presents a theoretical solution on stress and displacement of the deep-buried tunnel surrounding rock in layered strata. Based on theory of Покровский equivalent layer method, we convert layered strata into homogeneous ones and then map the rectangular tunnel in the coordinate plane z to the unit circle of complex plane ζ, through using a complex variable method and calculating the analytic functions Φ(ζ) and Ψ(ζ) with Matlab, the study obtains that the stress of the surrounding rock of deep-buried rectangular tunnel in layered strata. Subsequently, we derive the strain and displacement of the surrounding rock. Finally, we study the effects of lateral pressure coefficient and grade of surrounding rock and height-to-width ratio of the tunnel on the stress of tunnel surrounding rock. Based on our analysis, we formulate valuable rules.
Investigation on the Building Remains of Baiyun Chemical Plant in Wuhai City and Value Analysis about the Integration Protection
Authors: Wudi  , Liu Deming , Jia Wenliang
Published: September 2019

With the industrial structure adjustment and the surrounding natural resources depletion in Wuhai, the industrial regions are facing the issues about how to transform and develop. The industrial heritage being the material carrier of industrial civilization, protecting the industrial heritage is conducive to preserving the continuity of the material space environment and history of the city, and preserving people’s sense of identify and belonging to the culture of the place. The protections about Baiyun Chemicals, the typical regional industrial heritage in Wuhai, not only reflected the characteristic of the single construction, and more important focused on the portfolio of the group construction, are representing and expressing industrial culture and place spirit, and are worthy of careful analysing and elaborating. Therefore, it is necessary to effective screen the building part and non - building part of the industrial heritage, and to discuss the way of effective protection and reuse based on the screening results.
Evaluation of the effects of land supervision policy on Agricultural output value: The Chinese Perspective
Authors: Li Chunmei , He Ge
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to discuss whether the implementation of Land Supervision System has a positive impact on agricultural output value and the degree of effects, to further improve the Land Supervision System, protect the quantity and quality of arable land, and provide reference for increasing agricultural output value. This study use method of mixed model and fixed effect model to analyse the province-level panel data. The results show that land supervision has a positive impact on the growth of agricultural output value. The paper concludes that the policy of land supervision should be continued and the process of land consolidation should be emphasized in order to promote the balance of the number of arable land. In this process, more attention should be paid to arable land and the construction of agricultural infrastructure so as to facilitate the wider application of agricultural machinery in agricultural planting.
Structural Design of FDM 3D Printer for Low-melting Alloy
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Jinjin , Gu Hai , Jiang Jie , Zhang Jie , Yang Jianchun
Published: September 2019

Since the metal additive manufacturing technology has some problems, such as high printing cost, low efficiency and high porosity, a method of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and metal additive manufacturing combined was proposed. In this study, a FDM 3D printer suitable for low melting alloy was designed based on the physical characteristics of low-melting alloy. Firstly, a set of overall structure design scheme was proposed. Secondly, the extrusion structure of key parts of FDM printer was designed. Then, the virtual assembly of the designed parts was carried out and the prototype was made. Finally, the frame was analyzed by finite element simulation method. The results show that the frame meets the needs of strength and stiffness.
Intelligent audio bird repeller for transmission line tower based on bird species variation
Authors: Li Siyang , Li Xingguang , Xing Zhaoliang , Zhang Zhuo , Wang Yifan , Li Ruixiao , Guo Runting , Xie Jiangjian
Published: September 2019

Bird-caused damages for overhead transmission lines become one of the main fault types of the power grid, which will affect the safety and reliability of power grid operation and usually bring huge economic losses. The effectiveness of existing bird repeller would deteriorate obviously due to the habituation of birds. Bird bioacoustic vocalization can elicit the avoidance behaviour of conspecific, which can delay the habituation process of birds to bird repeller. An intelligent bird repeller based on bird species variations was proposed. Based on birds’ appearance and vocalization respectively, two light weight networks were designed to identify the approaching bird species; according to the approaching bird species, the corresponding repellent modes were selected; the target was to improve the long-term effectiveness of the bird repeller, which is helpful to reduce the occurrence probability of bird-caused damages.
The Development and Application of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Techniques on Type 4GXJ-I of Cordless Brushless Tapping Knife
Authors: Wang Lingling , Cao Jianhua , Zheng Yong , Huang Chang , Wu Sihao
Published: September 2019

As the market continues slumps and an aging rubber-cutting contingent, rubber-cutting labor shortage has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of caoutchouc industry. The mechanical and intelligent cutting method becomes the development direction in rubber-cutting industy. This paper introduces four types of tapping knife prototypes. This paper expounds type 4GXJ-I of cordless brushless tapping knife, including specification, main features, key techniques for application, tapping effect and practice using. The knife is light and comfortable, good effect, clean latex, lessening of harm to tree, favorable to latex flow, easy to learn, efficiency promotion and difficulty lowering. The knife is practical and worthy of wide application. The extended application of this technique has great significance to solve the problem of rubber-cutting labor shortage.
Research on Application of Face Recognition Techniques in Social Networks
Authors: Fang Wan , Rui Bian
Published: September 2019

The progress in information technology makes social networks much more compact between people from all over the world. In the age of Internet, many new social interaction ways become more and more prevalent such as instant messaging, Web conference. These tools help people share their ideas and cooperate. However, in the meantime, there exist some risks because the person you are chatting with may just be a fake one. In this situation, the face recognition techniques could help identify the truth and make the social networks safe. In this paper, research is conducted on application of face recognition techniques into daily social networks. By combining robust face recognition techniques into our social networks, we can better discriminate risks on the Internet and make full use of social networks on academics, business or other issues. At first, the basic concept of social networks is introduced. Afterwards, the state of the art in the field of face recognition is described. Finally, some suggested ways are given on how to apply face recognition techniques into our social networks.
Research on Plugging Technology of J30JH Electric Connector without Tail Cover
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Wang Yuhui , Xia Yongquan , Wang Yu , Du Ruizhao
Published: September 2019

By analysing the plug-in condition of a J30JH low frequency connector, we can find that technological tests were carried out on both the prototype and the normal sample satellites, the plug-in tooling was studied, the plug-in method was optimized, the operation process was solidified, the connection reliability of low frequency connectors in spacecraft assembly and test was improved, the product quality was ensured, and the plug-in of low frequency connectors was implemented smoothly. Lay a solid foundation.
Electric Equipment Image Recognition Based on Sparse Representation for the Safety of Power Distribution
Authors: Ni Changsong , Lin Xuesong , Liu Guicai , Liu Shijun
Published: September 2019

Electric equipment image analysis has important meanings to power line inspection and repairment. This paper proposes an electric equipment image recognition method based on sparse representation. Considering the image collection is inevitably influenced by the light condition and noise corruption, this paper uses Bayesian compressive sensing algorithm to solve the sparse representation problem. The algorithm has good robustness to noises and interferences, which is suitable to handle the conditions in electrical equipment images. In the experiments, three electrical equipments, i.e., insulators, power transformers, and breakers, are classified and the accuracy reaches 93.56%. In addition, the robustness of the proposed method under noise corruption is also superior. All the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Characteristics, origin and hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Cretaceous Source Rock in the Rio Muni Basin, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Cao Jun , Zhong Ning-Ning
Published: September 2019

In order to study the geochemical characteristics, origin and its hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Cretaceous marine source rocks in the Rio Muni Basin, Equatorial Guinea, 62 debris samples of the Anduak-1 well in the Rio Muni Basin were collected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis, whole rock organic petrology analysis. This study revealed that the OM in the upper Cretaceous source rock is early mature - mature, with moderate abundance and fair quality (mainly type II and III). The organic matter has a mixed marine–terrestrial origin and deposited in the marine environment, the plant debris were probably suffered from a long-distance transportation via fluvial or else forces. The main hydrocarbon generation phase of the type III kerogen was more duration than type II, initial hydrocarbon generation was earlier, and ending hydrocarbon generation time was late. Comprehensive studies demonstrated that it has a good hydrocarbon potential to the upper Cretaceous marine shale, and is an unneglectable hydrocarbon source rock.
Research on the influence of environmental social responsibility on corporate risk-taking
Authors: Song Guomin
Published: September 2019

In recent years, environmental problems such as water pollution and air pollution have frequently occurred, and environmental pollution problems have become more and more serious. As the main body of environmental pollution, enterprises also undertake the obligation to improve the environment and fulfill their environmental social responsibilities. In order to test the impact of different types of enterprises fulfilling environmental social responsibility on the risk-taking level of enterprises, we select the financial data and environmental social responsibility data of listed companies in Shandong Province for 2010-2017. The study finds that listed companies fulfilling their social responsibility to the environment can help to improve the level of risk-taking; state-owned listed companies prefer lower levels of risk-taking because of their particularity; the property rights of state-owned listed companies will enhance the impact of environmental social responsibility performance on risk-taking.
Theoretical research on migration and settlement of dust in roadway
Authors: Wang J , Zheng Y , Jia N
Published: September 2019

At present, most scholars use the mathematical model of FLUENT software to simulate migration and settlement process of dust, and tend to focus only on the graphical simulation results. For intermediate operation principle and process is not very clear, simulation results of commercial software will easily lead to distortion of simulation results. Based on this, the migration and settlement process of flowing dust in return airway of coal face has carried on the further analysis and research in this paper, and the main factors affecting the dust migration and settlement are analyzed comprehensively. At the same time, according to the law of mass conservation, a three-dimensional mathematical model of migration and settlement of flowing dust is established. The purpose is to reveal the migration and settlement law of flowing dust.
Study on The Influencing Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emission in Sichuan Based on LMDI Decomposition Technology
Authors: Wen Yanjie , Ceng Kang , Lei Bingang , Zhou Yin
Published: September 2019

With the increasing climate change, all professions and trades of life in society are facing the requirements of emission reduction and quality improvement. In the context of the “Belt and Road”, China’s opening pattern has changed from being the first one in the east to paying equal attention to both East and West. Sichuan agriculture is facing great development opportunities in energy saving emission reduction and low carbon development. This paper uses LMDI decomposition technology as the main research method. By studying the three influencing factors, such as total emission, emission intensity and regional space, this paper analyses the key factors that affect the agricultural carbon emissions in Sichuan, so as to help Sichuan seize the development opportunity of “Belt and Road”.
Research on dust concentration measurement device based on spiral flow
Authors: Liu Dandan , Ma Wu , Li Dewen , Wang Jie , Jing Mingming , Tang Chunrui
Published: September 2019

Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, a dust detection device is designed in this paper, aiming at the problems of insensitive detection and slow movement of dust particles in the existing dust measuring devices. Its shape structure is improved on the basis of the existing straight pipe. The air inlet is arranged on the side of the cylindrical pipe wall so that the particles flow through the pipe in a double helix way and the diameter of the main pipe is changed to make the middle part of the pipe shrink. The 3D model of pipeline was established by gambit2.4 and simulated in Fluent6.3. In the improved device, the movement speed of dust particles increases. With the increase of velocity, the probability of friction and collision of dust particles in the side-entry tube is increased, and the induced charge is increased.Therefore, the improved device can effectively improve the accuracy of dust measurement under the condition of low concentration and small particle size.
Karst Landscape and Development Features of the Cambrian Ordovician Period in Huainan Region
Authors: Sun Fengying , Xu Guangquan , Tang Wenfeng
Published: September 2019

Huainan is located at the boundary between north and south of China. Due to its unique geotectonic location and long geological evolution history, Huainan has formed a special karst landform. The karst landscape and karst development process of the Cambrian Ordovician in this area are analyzed from the aspects of stratigraphic distribution, crustal movement evolution and groundwater recharge conditions. It is concluded that large karst caves are developed in the karst multi-shun layer in the study area, in carbonate rocks. The surface development of the joint fissures is mostly filled with calcite, the erosive gully is developed in the concentrated area of the flowing water, and the karst landscape such as the beaded karst is developed near the fault zone.
Preliminary study on oil extraction and biogas production from Cymbopogon nardus (Serai Wangi)
Authors: Suali E , Juasin N S I , Hamit F A A , Anisuzzaman S M , Asidin M A
Published: September 2019

An essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus has many benefits, specifically in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and perfumery fields. However, extraction of Cymbopogon nardus produces abundant waste which usually left to decay naturally. The present study evaluated biogas potential from Cymbopogon nardus waste through anaerobic digestion method with rumen fluid as inoculum. The presence of methane which is the main gas that makes up the composition of biogas is verified by using GC-FID and Biogas Analyser. The waste was collected from the oil extraction of various part of Cymbopogon nardus plant. The experimental study on the extraction is important to identify the oil yield from various part of Cymbopogon nardus plant. The extraction was done through steam distillation with temperature varied from 40 °C to 100 °C. The comparison of oil yield from various part of the plant was done with an aid of GC-MS analysis. It was found that the leaf of Cymbopogon nardus contains most essential oil, which gives the highest oil yield about 1.5 % at 100 °C followed by the stem (0.3 %). The oil yield found in the plant flower was less than 0.3 % and none found in the root. Extraction at 100 °C resulted in higher oil yield compared to 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C. The citronellal content was the highest compound presents in the oil followed by geraniol. The average generation of biogas on the other hand were range from 0.4 ml/day to 12.5 ml/day. The F/I ratio which produced the highest volume of biogas is 10 (w/w).
Investigating the potential of meltblown polypropylene nanofiber membrane for desalination by membrane distillation
Authors: Chiam C K , Sarbatly R , Widyaparamitha S
Published: September 2019

A tubular nanofiber membrane module is developed and tested in the seawater desalination by using air-gap membrane desalination (AGMD). Meltblowing device is used to produce the nanofibers which are collected at a distance of 37 cm away from the tip of the spinneret. Results show that the flux varies almost constantly with the feed flow rates. The independence of the flux on the feed flow rates suggested that the meltblown nanofiber membrane is a dense membrane in which the volume of pores has been reduced and compacted significantly. The flux increases exponentially with the feed temperatures which obeys the Arrhenius relation. The quality of permeate is essentially improved by using the compacted nanofiber membrane. The rejection of the dissolved salts is more than 99.3%, in which the conductivity values of permeate ranged between 8 and 50 μS/cm.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based analysis for tool life optimization in cryogenic CO2 milling of Inconel 718
Authors: Abdul Halim N H , Che Haron C H , Abdul Ghani J , Azhar M. F.
Published: September 2019

This study presents the tool life optimization of carbide coated ball nose milling inserts using high-speed milling Inconel 718 under cryogenic CO2 environment. A total of 29 experiments were conducted based on Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology using the 4 factors; cutting speed (Vc: 120-140 m/min), feed rate (Fz: 0.15-0.25 mm/tooth), axial depth of cut (ap: 0.3-0.7 mm), and radial depth of cut (ae: 0.2-0.6 mm) at three levels each. By using ANOVA, it was found that all factors have significant effects on tool life. However, the feed rate shows its highest influence on the tool performance where the tool life can be lengthened by reducing the feed rate values. After that, the relevant influencing parameters on tool life were derived in the form of mathematical model which was then used to predict the response within the predetermined parameters. With an average error of 8.2% between the predicted and actual tool life, it confirms the adequacy of the model in this research. ANOVA also suggests a tool life of 23.40 min could be obtained at optimized parameters of; Vc: 120.06 m/min, Fz: 0.15 mm/tooth, ap: 0.66 mm and ae: 0.53 mm under cryogenic CO2 condition.
A-01 Age of Immigration and Test Performance for Immigrant Spanish-speakers on Córdoba Naming Test
Authors: Carranza E , Abe J , Abueno A , Cervantes R , Fernandez A , Hardy D , Jauregui G , Knight J , Lopez W , Wright M
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study examines the correlation between age of immigration for Spanish speakers in the USA and their performance on the Córdoba Naming Test (CNT), a confrontation naming test designed to be multicultural. We predicted that those who immigrated at a later age, whom we expect to have more years of education in their native language, will perform better on the CNT.

Method

The study used the CNT with a sample of 44 Spanish-speakers from the United States. We worked with participants with no prior history of medical complications, such as damage to the central nervous system, drug use, or excessive alcohol use. 21 male and 23 female participants were recruited. The age of participants ranged from 20 to 89 years old and education ranged from 0 to 22 years of schooling (either in the United States or in their native country). The variables of focus are the age of immigration into the United States (when participants migrated into the US) and their test performance on the CNT (total score of correct responses).

Results

Our results indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between age of immigration and performance on the CNT, (r(44)) = .357, p = .019). Conclusions: The overall trend of the data suggested that older age at immigration was indeed associated with better performance on the CNT, thus highlighting the importance of language and acculturation issues when being assessed with neuropsychological or cognitive testing.

Conclusions

The overall trend of the data suggested that older age at immigration was indeed associated with better performance on the CNT, thus highlighting the importance of language and acculturation issues when being assessed with neuropsychological or cognitive testing.
Optimizing Breast Pocket Irrigation: The Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) Era
Authors: Culbertson Eric J , Felder-Scott Christina , Deva Anand K , Greenberg David E , Adams William P
Published: September 2019

Background

Specific antimicrobial breast pocket irrigations have been proven over the past 20 years to reduce the incidence of capsular contracture by a factor of 10, and the emergence of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and its link to bacteria/technique has created renewed interest in different antimicrobial breast pocket preparation agents. Our previous studies have identified that both Betadine-containing and non-Betadine-containing antimicrobial irrigations provide excellent broad-spectrum bacterial coverage. The current science of BIA-ALCL has implicated the Gram-negative microbiome as a key in pathogenesis.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to revisit the antimicrobial effectiveness of clinically utilized Betadine and non-Betadine solutions, along with other antimicrobial agents that have not yet been tested, against multiple organisms, including additional common Gram-negative bacteria associated with chronic breast implant infections/inflammation.

Methods

Current and new antimicrobial breast irrigations were tested via standard techniques for bactericidal activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Test results are detailed and clinical recommendations for current antimicrobial irrigations are provided.

Results

Betadine-containing irrigations were found to be superior according to the testing performed.

Conclusions

There are quite few misconceptions with regard to antimicrobial breast pocket irrigation. These are discussed and final evidence-based recommendations for practice are given.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in a Hematological Malignancy Unit: Carbapenem Reduction and Decreased Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infection
Authors: Webb Brandon J , Majers Jacob , Healy Regan , Jones Peter Bjorn , Butler Allison M , Snow Greg , Forsyth Sandra , Lopansri Bert K , Ford Clyde D , Hoda Daanish
Published: September 2019

Background

Antibiotic stewardship is challenging in hematological malignancy patients.

Methods

We performed a quasiexperimental implementation study of 2 antimicrobial stewardship interventions in a hematological malignancy unit: monthly antibiotic cycling for febrile neutropenia that included cefepime (± metronidazole) and piperacillin-tazobactam and a clinical prediction rule to guide anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) therapy. We used interrupted time-series analysis to compare antibiotic use and logistic regression in order to adjust observed unit-level changes in resistant infections by background community rates.

Results

A total of 2434 admissions spanning 3 years pre- and 2 years postimplementation were included. Unadjusted carbapenem and daptomycin use decreased significantly. In interrupted time-series analysis, carbapenem use decreased by −230 days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], −290 to −180; P < .001). Both VRE colonization (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81; P < .001) and infection (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9; P = .02) decreased after implementation. This shift may have had a greater effect on daptomycin prescribing (−160 DOT/1000 patient-days; 95% CI, −200 to −120; P < .001) than did the VRE clinical prediction score (−30 DOT/1000 patient-days; 95% CI, −50 to 0; P = .08). Also, 46.2% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were carbapenem-resistant preimplementation compared with 25.0% postimplementation (P = .32). Unit-level changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) incidence were explained by background community-level trends, while changes in AmpC ESBL and VRE appeared to be independent. The program was not associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions

An antibiotic cycling-based strategy for febrile neutropenia effectively reduced carbapenem use, which may have resulted in decreased VRE colonization and infection and perhaps, in turn, decreased daptomycin prescribing.
The implications of persistent (and permanent) engagement in cyberspace
Authors: Healey Jason
Published: September 2019

The USA is in the midst of its most resounding policy shift on cyber conflict with profound implications for national security and the future of the Internet. The US Department of Defense (DoD) cyber strategy concludes that since US cyber forces are in “persistent engagement” with adversaries, then it is an imperative for them to “defend forward” to “continuously contest” them. The implicit prediction is that adversaries will become less effective, forced to expend more resources on defense and rebuild capabilities and infrastructure. John Bolton, the national security advisor, has boasted of a new policy to use offensive cyber operations to impose costs on adversaries and create the frameworks of deterrence. Over time, proponents suggest, these policies will be stabilizing as adversaries engage over repeated engagements in “tacit bargaining” of what is and is not acceptable leading to “more stable expectations of acceptable and unacceptable behavior”. This article advances existing research by including a deeper discussion the academic and policy background on active defense and cyber deterrence, discussing the implied causal chain of “persistent- engagement stability theory,” and analyzing potential risks, especially specific feedback loops which may amplify or dampen cyber conflict. It concludes with specific policy solutions to help mitigate these risks and a suggestion for a broader theory, “stability-enhancing engagement theory.”
The Role of Immunomodulators and Biologics in the Medical Management of Stricturing Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Gisbert Javier P
Published: September 2019

Crohn’s disease is a progressive and disabling inflammatory disease involving the gastrointestinal tract. It usually produces inflammatory lesions in the ileocolonic region, but up to half of patients will also develop complications such as strictures in the long term. Indeed, a proportion of patients have progression of the disease with the development of stricturing lesions because there are no drugs that effectively prevent or reverse established fibrosis, and hence these patients are usually treated with surgery or endoscopic balloon dilation. Fibrotic lesions are always associated with some degree of inflammatory changes, but there is little evidence supporting the use of medical therapy in this context. Here, we discuss the most important findings on the possible use of immunomodulators or biologics in the prevention and treatment of intestinal strictures in Crohn’s disease patients. Recent evidence demonstrates that these drugs may also be effective in treating lesions with high levels of collagen deposition, and thus might, at least in some patients, reduce the progression of the disease and bowel damage, and further avoid the need for surgery and a disabling course in the long term.
Initial conditions of dynamic panel data models: on within and between equations
Authors: Lee Lung-fei , Yu Jihai
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of short dynamic panel data models. We consider their estimation on both fixed effects and random effects specifications and propose a Hausman test when exogenous variables are present. For a dynamic panel model, initial conditions play important roles in model structure and estimation, and they give rise to a between equation under the random effects framework. With the between equation properly defined, we show that the random effects model can be decomposed into a within equation and a between equation; hence, the random effects estimate is a pooling of the within and between estimates. Thus, our paper extends the pooling in the static panel data model (Maddala, 1971a) to the setting of dynamic panel data. This decomposition of a dynamic panel data model is revealing and valuable for estimation and the formulation of a Hausman test to test the possible correlation of individual effects with included regressors. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of estimators and the Hausman test. An empirical application of growth convergence in OECD countries is provided.
The year 2018 in the European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging: Part II
Authors: Cosyns Bernard , Haugaa Kristina H , Gerber Bernhard L , Gimelli Alessia , Donal Erwan , Maurer Gerald , Edvardsen Thor
Published: September 2019

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging was launched in 2012 as a multimodality cardiovascular imaging journal. It has gained an impressive impact factor during its first 5 years and is now established as one of the top cardiovascular journals and has become the most important cardiovascular imaging journal in Europe. The most important studies from 2018 will be highlighted in two reports. Part I of the review has focused on studies about myocardial function and risk prediction, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging, while Part II will focus on cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, and heart failure.
Structural Changes on Pulpwood Market in the US South: Wood Pellets Investments and Price Dynamics
Authors: Kanieski da Silva Bruno , Cubbage Frederick W , Abt Robert C
Published: September 2019

We investigated the impact of wood pellet mills on pulpwood price structure in the US South. Rather than focusing exclusively on price elasticities, we progress by examining how wood pellet production has affected the spatial transmission of pulpwood prices. Pairwise price ratios were modeled using smooth transition regression to identify changes in the cointegration (linkage) between markets over time. A logistic model was fitted to estimate market linkages as a function of market distances, industry concentration, and capacity of pellet wood production. Results show that the US South is not composed of market clusters, but each market pair has a particular relation. Distance and wood pellet production capacity are the only factors driving market linkages; the pulp and paper industries did not affect market structure changes. Our research suggests spatial price transmission varies over time, and pellet mills have caused a structural change in the pulpwood prices in the US South.
The generalized standard-linear-solid model and the corresponding viscoacoustic wave equations revisited
Authors: Hao Qi , Greenhalgh Stewart
Published: September 2019

The generalized standard-linear-solid model, also called the Zener model, is widely used in viscoacoustic/viscoelastic wavefield forward and inverse modeling, because the wave equations in this model can be written in differential equation form, which can be solved efficiently by time-domain numerical methods such as finite difference method, spectral element method, etc. For this model, however, two different expressions for the relaxation function (or complex modulus) appear in the literature somewhat confusingly. In addition to this confusion, the time- and frequency-domain versions of the wave equations for the generalized standard-linear-solid model are scattered throughout the literature. Here, we revisit the generalized standard-linear-solid model and seek to overcome the confusion concerning the expression for the relaxation function (or modulus). We present a unified approach to derive the viscoacoustic wave equations. We start with the time- and frequency-domain formulations separately to derive two sets of viscoacoustic wave equations. All these viscoacoustic wave equations are expressed in a simple and compact form. The two sets of viscoacoustic wave equations are equivalent to each other. The proposed method to derive the appropriate viscoacoustic wave equations can be extended to derive wave equations for other dissipative media.