bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stephen Hall Receives 2012 Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–Features: Citation
Authors: Pearson Helen
Published: July 2013

Stephen Hall, a freelance science writer and science‐communication teacher, received the Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism–Features at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 5 December 2012 in San Francisco, Calif. Hall was honored for the article “At Fault?” published 15 September 2011 in Nature. The article examines the legal, personal, and political repercussions from a 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy for seismologists who had attempted to convey seismic risk assessments to the public. The 6.3 magnitude quake devastated the medieval town and caused more than 300 deaths. Six scientists and one government official were subsequently convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to prison for inadequately assessing and mischaracterizing the risks to city residents, despite the inexact nature of seismic risk assessment. The Sullivan award is for work published with a deadline pressure of more than 1 week.
Geomagnetic storms affect ozone in mesosphere
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

During geomagnetic storms, energetic electrons enter the upper mesosphere around 70 kilometers above the Earth's surface. These energetic electrons enhance the chemical reactions that produce nitrogen oxides (NOx), which can destroy ozone. If the nitrogen oxides are transported downward to lower altitudes in the stratosphere (below about 40 kilometers in altitude), they can destroy ozone in the ozone layer that protects life on Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Large solar energetic particle events have been shown to cause decreases in stratospheric ozone, but those large events are uncommon. The extent to which more common moderate‐sized geomagnetic storms affect middle atmosphere chemistry has been uncertain.
Estimating the size of 869 C.E. quake in region hit by 2011 Tohoku quake
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

The catastrophic 2011 magnitude 9 Tohoku earthquake, which triggered a huge tsunami that led to severe flooding and major destruction, was unexpected based on seismic hazard assessments for the Sendai region—for instance, a Japanese national seismic map from 2010 showed no hazard in the Sendai area from subduction earthquakes along the Japan Trench larger than those of the past 400 years. Seismic hazard assessment relies in part on knowing the size and recurrence intervals of past earthquakes in a given region. In the Sendai area, in 869 C.E. a large quake known as the Jogan earthquake produced a tsunami that affected approximately the same area of coast as the Tohoku earthquake, but scientists have not been certain of the magnitude of the Jogan quake.
Movies, Open Mic, Social Media, and More: Public Information Events
Authors: Ramsayer Kate
Published: July 2013

From a standing‐room‐only screening of Chasing Ice to a day of science communication workshops to new events such as Open Mic Night and AGU Cinema, AGU's Public Information office presented a range of events at this year's Fall Meeting, all designed to encourage and highlight ways that Earth and space scientists can share their research.
Special Session: Lessons Learned From the L'Aquila Earthquake Case
Authors: Ambrogio Olivia
Published: July 2013

The verdict and prison sentences, delivered on 22 October 2012, that found six Italian scientists and one government official guilty of manslaughter in connection with the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake shocked the scientific community worldwide. A late‐breaking special session co‐convened by John Bates, at the National Climatic Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Stephen Sparks, University of Bristol, was added to the Fall Meeting schedule to address this case and to discuss the complex process of assessing and communicating the risks associated with natural hazards.
Student Enthusiasm for Fall Meeting Continues to Rise
Authors: Cooper Paul
Published: July 2013

Students—undergraduates and grad students—arrived in enthusiastic multitudes from across the globe for the 2012 AGU Fall Meeting ready to share their research, meet one another, meet preeminent authorities and scholars of Earth and space science, and find out how to further their careers.
Town Hall on AGU Publishing Practices
Authors: Forlini Victoria
Published: July 2013

Representatives from AGU's leadership and Wiley fielded questions at a town hall during Fall Meeting that ranged from the pricing of AGU's digital library to the fate of AGU books to the role of the governance structure in approving the AGU‐Wiley publications partnership.
Largest meteor since Tunguska event explodes above Russian city
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

The meteor that disintegrated in the atmosphere above Chelyabinsk, Russia, on 15 February, injuring more than 1000 people and causing widespread property damage from the shock wave, is the largest such incident since the 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, according to Paul Chodas, research scientist in the Near‐Earth Object (NEO) program office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. During a 15 February teleconference, Chodas said it was an “incredible coincidence” that asteroid DA14 passed safely by Earth on the same day as the Chelyabinsk meteor; the 45‐meter‐wide asteroid sped by the planet at a distance of just 27,700 kilometers away on its closest approach. He stressed that the meteor was not related to DA14. The meteor “was coming from the wrong direction and at a completely different velocity,” he said, noting that the orbit of the meteor went out to the asteroid belt while the orbit of DA14 “is very Earth‐like, it does not go out so far.”
Addressing the Question, What Is a Substorm?
Authors: Narita Yasuhito , Glassmeier Karl‐Heinz , Donovan Eric
Published: July 2013

Never in the history of magnetospheric research have there been more exciting opportunities to unravel the physical processes causing the most spectacular phenomenon in Earth's magnetosphere—the magnetospheric substorm. The four Cluster and the five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft, together with new ground magnetometer arrays, ionospheric radar systems, and optical networks, provide detailed observations of the complex dynamical features of the magnetosphere. The 11th International Conference on Substorms (ICS‐11), sponsored by the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, was held as a platform for the space plasma community to exchange recent discoveries in observations and theories.
Land area burned by fires 35% larger than previous estimates
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The predominant technique for tracking wildfires uses repeat satellite observations to look for and measure the size of burn scars, the charred remains of once‐lush terrain. Because it relies on moderate‐resolution imagery, this approach has a tendency to miss the smaller fires that, though less widely devastating, can still account for a sizeable portion of the total burned area. Small fires can also have an important effect on the global carbon budget and on air quality.
Climate Data Guide Spurs Discovery and Understanding
Authors: Schneider David P. , Deser Clara , Fasullo John , Trenberth Kevin E.
Published: July 2013

Highly accurate and stable observations—beyond those provided by routine weather monitoring—are essential for understanding the behavior of the climate system, developing and validating Earth system models, and attributing extreme weather events and long‐term trends to causes [National Research Council, 2012; Trenberth et al., 2013]. In parallel with an exploding volume of climate data, ready access to data in user‐friendly formats is important to an expanding number and increasing diversity of individuals worldwide across public, private, and academic sectors [Overpeck et al., 2011].
Scientists Develop Precision Maps for Other Planets
Authors: Kumar Mohi
Published: July 2013

Earth and planetary scientists are united by their need for accurate maps. Without them, features studied have no reference point, attempts to understand how our and other planets evolved have no context, and missions flown to other planets lack purpose. “Making maps out of data is critical to further progress in our fields,” explained Randolph Kirk of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Astrogeology Science Center, based in Flagstaff, Ariz. “Building maps helps other people find what's out there.”
Measures Urged to Cut Short‐Lived Climate Pollutants
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

To produce significant near‐term climate benefits, the Obama administration should take a series of actions under existing authorities to reduce greenhouse gases that have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes of weeks to a few decades, according to a 12 March study by the nonprofit Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES). The report, “Domestic Policies to Reduce the Near‐Term Risks of Climate Change,” notes that recent estimates suggest that about 30–40% of warming experienced to date can be attributed to these short‐lived pollutants, which include black carbon, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Interior Department Suggests Improvements for Offshore Arctic Oil and Gas Drilling
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

Shell's “difficulties” during its 2012 program to drill offshore oil and natural gas exploration wells in the Alaskan Arctic Ocean “have raised serious questions regarding its ability to operate safely and responsibly in the challenging and unpredictable conditions offshore Alaska,” according to the report “Review of Shell's 2012 Alaska Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration Program,” issued by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) on 8 March. Noting the company's lack of adequate preparation for drilling in the Arctic, its failure to deploy a specialized Arctic Containment System, and the grounding of the Kulluk drilling rig near Kodiak Island last December, the report recommends that Shell develop a comprehensive and integrated plan describing its future drilling program and related operations and that it commission a third‐party audit of its management systems, including its safety and environmental management systems program.
AGU Launches Web Site for New Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy
Authors: Townsend Randy
Published: July 2013

AGU's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics policy, approved by the AGU Board of Directors and Council in December 2012, is now available online on a new Web site, http://ethics.agu.org. As the Web site states, the policy embodies a “set of guidelines for scientific integrity and professional ethics for the actions of the members and the governance of the Union in its internal activities; in its public persona; and most importantly, in the research and peer review processes of its scientific publications, its communications and outreach, and its scientific meetings.”
Does parameterization technique affect simulations of water fluxes?
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Predictions of water fluxes and properties, including runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge, are useful for regional water management. These properties are usually estimated using distributed hydrologic models, which simulate the spatial distribution of hydrologic variables as well as streamflow dynamics. These models often have a large number of unknown parameters, which are typically estimated for grid cells by a calibration process.
Heating and cooling properties of clouds
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Clouds play an important role in Earth's radiation balance, affecting the amount of heat from the Sun that reaches the surface and the heat radiated back from the surface that escapes out into space. The vertically layered structure of clouds complicates these effects, but until recently, scientists did not have instruments that provided the high vertical resolution data needed to fully examine clouds’ heating and cooling effects. Now, using instruments on board the CloudSat and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellites, Haynes et al. examined the radiative heating and cooling characteristics of the layers of the cloudy atmosphere in greater detail than previous studies.
New K–12 Science Education Standards May Face Implementation Challenges
Authors: Kumar Mohi
Published: July 2013

Kindergarten is not just a place to learn letters and numbers, practice finger painting, and listen to story time. If a new set of national science standards is adopted, it will also be the start of a carefully planned effort to engage students in science‐based activities throughout their K–12 academic careers.
Reconstructing Earth's Climate History: Inquiry‐Based Exercises for Lab and Class
Authors: Wolfe Brent
Published: July 2013

For instructors in natural science undergraduate programs, there is a clear need to have students explore and understand the scientific evidence of past climate variability and learn what this tells us about the role of humans in shaping present‐day climate. Indeed, research in the field of paleoclimatology has provided data that identifies one of the most pressing challenges facing society—global warming. Herein lay my motivation to fill an important gap in my university's undergraduate program in geography and environmental studies. To that end, about a year ago I began to develop a new fourth‐year course in paleoclimatology.
New type of radio burst observed in Earth's magnetosphere
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Myriametric radio emissions—radio emissions with wavelengths of 10 to 100 kilometers—coming from Earth's magnetosphere have been observed previously. Now a new type of myriametric radio emission known as a terrestrial myriametric radio burst (TMRB) has been reported.
An Interactive Web Application for Visualizing Climate Data
Authors: Alder J. , Hostetler S. , Williams D.
Published: July 2013

Massive volumes of data are being created as modeling centers from around the world finalize their submission of climate simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), in preparation for the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Scientists, resource managers, and other potential users of climate data are faced with the daunting task of analyzing, distilling, and summarizing this unprecedented wealth of climate information.
Uplift of Zagros Mountains slows plate convergence
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Research has indicated that mountain ranges can slow down the convergence between two tectonic plates on timescales as short as a few million years, as the growing mountains provide enough tectonic force to impact plate motions. Focusing on the convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plates at the Zagros mountain range, which runs across Iran and Iraq, Austermann and Iaffaldano reconstructed the relative motion of the plates using published paleomagnetic data covering the past 13 million years, as well as current geodetic measurements. They show that the convergence of the two plates has decreased by about 30% over the past 5 million years. Looking at the geological record to infer past topography and using a computer model of the mantle‐lithosphere system, the authors examined whether the recent uplift across the Zagros Mountains could have caused the observed slowdown. They also considered several other geological events that might have influenced the convergence rate, but the authors were able to rule those out as dominant controls. The authors conclude that the uplift across the Zagros Mountains in the past 5 million years did indeed play a key role in slowing down the convergence between the Eurasian and Arabian plates. (Tectonics, doi:10.1002/tect.20027, 2013)
A Community Atmosphere Model With Superparameterized Clouds
Authors: Randall David , Branson Mark , Wang Minghuai , Ghan Steven , Craig Cheryl , Gettelman Andrew , Edwards James
Published: July 2013

Simulations by climate models are used to project the climate change expected as atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations rise. How much will the Earth warm? Will south Asia experience stronger monsoons in the future? Will the American Southwest continue to desiccate? How soon will the Arctic become ice free? How fast and how much will sea level rise? Climate models rely on the idea that sound physical principles can be used to translate basic information, such as emissions of carbon dioxide and aerosols, into changes in the energy balance that influence the formation of clouds, which over time play a key role in shaping future climate response to the emissions.
Transforming the Teaching of Geoscience and Sustainability
Authors: Gosselin David C. , Manduca Cathy , Bralower Tim , Mogk David
Published: July 2013

The geosciences have an important role to play in addressing whether humans can live sustainably on Earth. From water to energy, from climate change to natural hazards, geoscience is central to solving a wide range of problems.
Planning for Future Ocean Drilling With the JOIDES Resolution
Authors: Humphris Susan E. , Koppers Anthony A. P.
Published: July 2013

October 2013 brings a new scientific ocean drilling program to the community, one founded on the principle that excellent scientific outcomes, combined with practical planning and efficient operations, will provide outstanding opportunities for future generations of researchers and educators. Despite an identical acronym to its predecessor (the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program), this new program, called the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), constitutes a forward looking and societally relevant roadmap for scientific ocean drilling.
Energy Secretary Focuses on Agency Agenda, Climate Change, and Fracking at Hearing
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz and Republican members of Congress found some common ground on energy issues such as nuclear power and the current shale oil and gas boom during a 13 June congressional hearing. However, there was some contention about the need to move forward in dealing with climate change, the definition of an “all‐of‐the‐above” energy strategy, and the direction the Department of Energy (DOE) has taken.
Volunteer opportunity at Office of Science and Technology Policy
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is accepting applications for its fall 2013 student volunteer program. The application deadline is 11:59 P.M. Friday, 28 June.
A 3‐hourly data set of tropical atmospheric convection
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Atmospheric convection transports heat, momentum, and moisture and plays an important role in processes such as cloud formation and rainfall distribution. Improving understanding of convection on large scales could help improve weather and climate models.
Building an Effective Social Media Strategy for Science Programs
Authors: Bohon Wendy , Robinson Sarah , Arrowsmith Ramon , Semken Steven
Published: July 2013

Social media has emerged as a popular mode of communication, with more than 73% of the teenage and adult population in the United States using it on a regular basis [Lenhart et al., 2010]. Young people in particular (ages 12–29) are deeply involved in the rapidly evolving social media environment and have an expectation of communication through these media. This engagement creates a valuable opportunity for scientific organizations and programs to use the wide reach, functionality, and informal environment of social media to create brand recognition, establish trust with users, and disseminate scientific information.
Chemical Explosion Experiments to Improve Nuclear Test Monitoring
Authors: Snelson Catherine M. , Abbott Robert E. , Broome Scott T. , Mellors Robert J. , Patton Howard J. , Sussman Aviva J. , Townsend Margaret J. , Walter William R.
Published: July 2013

A series of chemical explosions, called the Source Physics Experiments (SPE, see Table ), is being conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to develop a new, more physics‐based paradigm for nuclear test monitoring. Improvements in technical capabilities resulting from such development have the potential to help the United States keep better tabs on underground nuclear tests being conducted worldwide and to enhance treaty monitoring.
Safety representatives' views on their interaction with workers in a context of unequal power relations: An exploratory qualitative study in Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Ollé‐Espluga Laia , Menéndez‐Fuster María , Muntaner Carles , Benach Joan , Vergara‐Duarte Montse , Vázquez María Luisa
Published: July 2013

Background

The interaction between workers and safety representatives (SRs), a factor that determines SRs' effectiveness, is an unexplored issue within occupational health research.

Methods

We undertook a qualitative exploratory interpretative–descriptive study by means of semi‐structured interviews with SRs from Barcelona (Spain) to analyze the SRs' perspective on the interaction with workers and its determinants

Results

SRs' interaction with workers is mainly limited to information processes and to identifying occupational hazards. Prominent factors determining this interaction are associated with the way SRs understand and carry out their role, the firm sector and size, and workers' fear of dismissal, exacerbated by changes in the labor market and the current economic crisis.

Conclusions

Interaction with workers is influenced by a more prevalent technical–legal view of the SRs' role and by unequal power relations between workers and management. Poor interaction with workers might lead to decreasing SRs' effectiveness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:338–350, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mother and daughter with a novel phenotype of hand and foot abnormalities and severe pectus excavatum
Authors: Low Karen , Smith James , Lee Simon , Newbury‐Ecob Ruth
Published: July 2013

A mother and daughter with an overlapping Catel–Manzke and Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly hyperphalangism syndrome phenotype are reported. We describe a phenotype with a previously undescribed genetic basis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygous deletion in TUSC3 causing syndromic intellectual disability: A new patient
Authors: Loddo Sara , Parisi Valentina , Doccini Viola , Filippi Tiziana , Bernardini Laura , Brovedani Paola , Ricci Federica , Novelli Antonio , Battaglia Agatino
Published: July 2013

Defects in the TUSC3 gene have been identified in individuals with nonsyndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID), due to either point mutations or intragenic deletions. We report on a boy with a homozygous microdeletion 8p22, sizing 203 kb, encompassing the first exon of the TUSC3 gene, detected by SNP‐array analysis (Human Gene Chip 6.0; Affymetrix). Both nonconsanguineous parents come from a small Sicilian village and were heterozygous carriers of the microdeletion. The propositus had a few dysmorphic features and a moderate cognitive impairment. Verbal communication was impaired, with an inappropriate phonetic inventory, important phono‐articolatory distortions, and bucco‐phonatory dyspraxia. Comprehension was possible for simple sentences. Behavior was characterized by motor instability, high tendency to irritability and distraibility, anxiety traits, and an oppositional‐defiant disorder. His parents were of normal intelligence. TUSC3 is thought to encode a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum‐bound oligosaccharyltranferase complex that catalyzes a pivotal step in the protein N‐glycosylation process. TUSC3 has been recently reported as a member of the plasma membrane Mg2+ transport system, with a possible involvement in learning abilities, working memory and short‐ and long‐term memory. This is the third family in which a deletion has been described. Although the pathogenic mechanism has not been clarified yet, our report argues for a more prominent role of TUSC3 in the etiology of intellectual disability and that deletions encompassing this gene could be more common than expected. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
You scratch someone's back and we'll scratch yours: Collective reciprocity in social Q&A communities
Authors: Wu Philip Fei , Korfiatis Nikolaos
Published: July 2013

Taking a structuration perspective and integrating reciprocity research in economics, this study examines the dynamics of reciprocal interactions in social question & answer communities. We postulate that individual users of social Q&A constantly adjust their kindness in the direction of the observed benefit and effort of others. Collective reciprocity emerges from this pattern of conditional strategy of reciprocation and helps form a structure that guides the very interactions that give birth to the structure. Based on a large sample of data from Yahoo! Answers, our empirical analysis supports the collective reciprocity premise, showing that the more effort (relative to benefit) an asker contributes to the community, the more likely the community will return the favor. On the other hand, the more benefit (relative to effort) the asker takes from the community, the less likely the community will cooperate in terms of providing answers. We conclude that a structuration view of reciprocity sheds light on the duality of social norms in online communities.
Structural and optical properties of Cu‐doped ZnS nanoparticles formed in chitosan/sodium alginate multilayer films
Authors: Wang Liping , Sun Yujie , Xie Xiaodong
Published: July 2013

Chitosan/alginate multilayers were fabricated using a spin‐coating method, and ZnS:Cu nanoparticles were generated within the network of two natural polysaccharides, chitosan and sodium alginate. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using an X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that cubic zinc blende‐structured ZnS:Cu nanoparticles with an average crystal size of ~ 3 nm were uniformly distributed. UV–vis spectra indicate a large quantum size effect and the absorption edge for the ZnS:Cu nanoparticles slightly shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Cu ion concentrations. The photoluminescence of the Cu‐doped ZnS nanoparticles reached a maximum at a 1% doping level. The ZnS:Cu nanoparticles form and are distributed uniformly in the composite multilayer films with a surface average height of 25 nm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A historical account of hoogsteen base‐pairs in duplex DNA
Authors: Nikolova Evgenia N. , Zhou Huiqing , Gottardo Federico L. , Alvey Heidi S. , Kimsey Isaac J. , Al‐Hashimi Hashim M.
Published: July 2013

In 1957, a unique pattern of hydrogen bonding between N3 and O4 on uracil and N7 and N6 on adenine was proposed to explain how poly(rU) strands can associate with poly(rA)‐poly(rU) duplexes to form triplexes. Two years later, Karst Hoogsteen visualized such a noncanonical A–T base‐pair through X‐ray analysis of co‐crystals containing 9‐methyladenine and 1‐methylthymine. Subsequent X‐ray analyses of guanine and cytosine derivatives yielded the expected Watson–Crick base‐pairing, but those of adenine and thymine (or uridine) did not yield Watson–Crick base‐pairs, instead favoring “Hoogsteen” base‐pairing. More than two decades ensued without experimental “proof” for A–T Watson–Crick base‐pairs, while Hoogsteen base‐pairs continued to surface in AT‐rich sequences, closing base‐pairs of apical loops, in structures of DNA bound to antibiotics and proteins, damaged and chemically modified DNA, and in polymerases that replicate DNA via Hoogsteen pairing. Recently, NMR studies have shown that base‐pairs in duplex DNA exist as a dynamic equilibrium between Watson–Crick and Hoogsteen forms. There is now little doubt that Hoogsteen base‐pairs exist in significant abundance in genomic DNA, where they can expand the structural and functional versatility of duplex DNA beyond that which can be achieved based only on Watson–Crick base‐pairing. Here, we provide a historical account of the discovery and characterization of Hoogsteen base‐pairs, hoping that this will inform future studies exploring the occurrence and functional importance of these alternative base‐pairs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 955–968, 2013.
Synthesis of Glycans and Glycopolymers Through Engineered Enzymes
Authors: Armstrong Zachary , Withers Stephen G.
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of defined glycans enables us to further understand their roles in a biological context. Although useful chemical methods have been developed for the synthesis of glycans, these typically require complex protection and deprotection steps along with challenging control of anomeric stereochemistry. Enzymatic methods offer an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis. In particular, the use of glycosynthases and thioglycoligases, classes of engineered glycoside hydrolases, offers an enticing approach to the stereo‐ and regioselective synthesis of glycans without the need for protecting groups. Herein, we describe recent progress in the use of glycosynthases and thioglycoligases for the synthesis of glycans and glycopolymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 666–674, 2013.
Histone‐Deacetylase‐Targeted Fluorescent Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Potent Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ye Rui‐Rong , Ke Zhuo‐Feng , Tan Cai‐Ping , He Liang , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan
Published: July 2013

Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have gained much attention as a new class of anticancer agents in recent years. Herein, we report a series of fluorescent ruthenium(II) complexes containing N1‐hydroxy‐N8‐(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐yl)octanediamide (L), a suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) derivative, as a ligand. As expected, these complexes show interesting chemiphysical properties, including relatively high quantum yields, large Stokes shifts, and long emission lifetimes. The in vitro inhibitory effect of the most effective drug, [Ru(DIP)2L](PF6)2 (3; DIP: 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), on histone deacetylases (HDACs) is approximately equivalent in activity to that of SAHA, and treatment with complex 3 results in increased levels of the acetylated histone H3. Complex 3 is highly active against a panel of human cancer cell lines, whereas it shows relatively much lower toxicity to normal cells. Further mechanism studies show that complex 3 can elicit cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis through mitochondria‐related pathways and the production of reactive oxygen species. These data suggest that these fluorescent ruthenium(II)–HDACi conjugates may represent a promising class of anticancer agents for potential dual imaging and therapeutic applications targeting HDACs.
Syntheses and Properties of Graphyne Fragments: Trigonally Expanded Dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes
Authors: Tahara Kazukuni , Yamamoto Yuki , Gross Dustin E. , Kozuma Hiroyoshi , Arikuma Yoko , Ohta Koji , Koizumi Yoshiko , Gao Yuan , Shimizu Yo , Seki Shu , Kamada Kenji , Moore Jeffrey S. , Tobe Yoshito
Published: July 2013

We present herein the synthesis and properties of the largest hitherto unknown graphyne fragment, namely trigonally expanded tetrakis(dehydrobenzo[12]annulene)s (tetrakis‐DBAs). Intramolecular three‐fold alkyne metathesis reactions of hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 a and 9 b using Fürstner’s Mo catalyst furnished tetrakis‐DBAs 8 a and 8 b substituted with tert‐butyl or branched alkyl ester groups in moderate and fair yields, respectively, demonstrating that the metathesis reaction of this protocol is a powerful tool for the construction of graphyne fragment backbones. For comparison, hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 c–g have also been prepared. The one‐photon absorption spectrum of tetrakis‐DBA 8 a bearing tert‐butyl groups revealed a remarkable bathochromic shift of the absorption cut‐off (λcutoff) compared with those of previously reported graphyne fragments due to extended π‐conjugation. Moreover, in the two‐photon absorption spectrum, 8 a showed a large cross‐section for a pure hydrocarbon because of the planar para‐phenylene‐ethynylene conjugation pathways. Hexakis(arylethynyl)‐DBAs 9 c–e and 9 g and tetrakis‐DBA 8 b bearing electron‐withdrawing groups aggregated in chloroform solutions. Comparison between the free energies of 9 e and 8 b bearing the same substituents revealed the more favorable association of the latter due to stronger π–π interactions between the extended π‐cores. Polarized optical microscopy observations, DSC, and XRD measurements showed that 8 b and 9 e with branched alkyl ester groups displayed columnar rectangular mesophases. By the time‐resolved microwave conductivity method, the columnar rectangular phase of 8 b was shown to exhibit a moderate charge‐carrier mobility of 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1. These results indicate that large graphyne fragments can serve as good organic semiconductors.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Hexacoordinate Silicon, Germanium, and Titanium Complexes of the E. coli Siderophore Enterobactin
Authors: Baramov Todor , Keijzer Karlijn , Irran Elisabeth , Mösker Eva , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Süssmuth Roderich
Published: July 2013

The E. coli siderophore enterobactin, one of the strongest FeIII chelators known to date, is also capable of binding SiIV under physiological conditions. We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of the tris(catecholate) SiIV–enterobactin complex and its GeIV and TiIV analogues. Comparative structural analysis, supported by quantum‐chemical calculations, reveals the correlation between the ionic radius and the structural changes in enterobactin upon complexation.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring a New Structure Family: Alkali Borosulfates Na5[B(SO4)4], A3[B(SO4)3] (A: K, Rb), Li[B(SO4)2], and Li[B(S2O7)2].
Authors: Daub Michael , Kazmierczak Karolina , Gross Peter , Hoeppe Henning , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: July 2013

The crystal structures of the title compounds are based on corner‐linked BO4 and SO4 tetrahedra with varying coordination of the alkali cations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Free Alkene Reduction in Continuous Flow.
Authors: Kleinke Andrew S. , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: July 2013

A H2‐free continuous flow hydrogenation protocol is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Deacetylation—Diazotation—Coupling Sequence: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation with Acetanilides as Formal Leaving Groups.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Berger Rene
Published: July 2013

Acetanilides (I), (VI), and (VIII) can be deacetylated and diazotized in situ, and subsequently used in Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions without isolation of the diazonium intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: CuBr2‐Promoted Tetrahydrofuranylation of Alcohols and 1,3‐Dione.
Authors: Wang Meng‐Ke , Zhou Zeng‐le , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Deng Chen‐liang
Published: July 2013

The mild conditions can be applied to a broad spectrum of alcohol substrates and extended to phenol (XIII) and dione (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Cyclopropylanilines by a Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Arava Veera Reddy , Bandatmakuru Sreenivasula Reddy
Published: July 2013

2‐Aryloxy‐N‐cyclopropylacetamides can be readily prepared from phenols and 2‐chloro‐N‐cyclopropylamide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Operationally Simple Approach to (E)‐α‐Halo Vinyl Sulfides and Their Applications for Accessing Stereodefined Trisubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Yang Zhaozhen , Chen Xiaoyi , Kong Wei , Xia Siyuan , Zheng Renwei , Luo Fang , Zhu Gangguo
Published: July 2013

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydrohalogenation of alkynyl thioethers leads to (E)‐α‐halo vinyl sulfides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active 2,3‐Allenoates via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Enantioenriched Propargylic Mesylates.
Authors: Wang Yuli , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2013

The reaction allows to introduce various alkyl‐, allyl‐ and benzyl substituents in the desired optically active allene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: N(2)‐Monosubstituted Bishydrazides of Oxalic Acid as New Efficient Components of the System for the Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Cross‐Coupling in Water.
Authors: Kurandina D. V. , Eliseenkov E. V. , Petrov A. A. , Boyarskiy V. P.
Published: July 2013

A scaled preparative method for the synthesis of diarylamines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Amidation of Arylacetic Acids by Reaction with 2‐Aryl‐ethylamines
Authors: Gruen Alajos , Milen Matyas , Foeldesi Tamas , Abranyi‐Balogh Peter , Drahos Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: July 2013

25 examples
ChemInform Abstract: New One‐Step Synthesis of Isonitriles.
Authors: Bardsley Kathryn , Hagigeorgiou Michael , Lengyel Istvan , Cesare Victor
Published: July 2013

A new synthesis of isonitriles using NaH as base and 15‐crown‐5 in benzene is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acylation of O‐Phenyl Carbamates with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids at Room Temperature.
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Kim Aejin , Park Eonjeong , Park Jihye , Kim Minyoung , Kwak Jong Hwan , Lee Sang Hwi , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: July 2013

The described approach represents the first ortho‐acylation of the phenol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Economic Cross‐Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with Arenes Directed by N‐Containing Groups.
Authors: Pan Fei , Lei Zhi‐Quan , Wang Hui , Li Hu , Sun Jian , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: July 2013

The pseudo‐oxidative decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids and arenes using a rhodium(I)‐catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Anionic Fries Rearrangement of Sulfonates: Regioselective Synthesis of Indole Triflones.
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Hua , Taniguchi Misaki , Azuma Ayaka , Liu Guo Kai , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: July 2013

An unusual NaH‐mediated 1,5‐thia‐Fries rearrangement providing the title compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐palladium(II)‐1‐methylimidazole Complex Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Oxindoles with Aryl Chlorides and Aerobic Oxidation of the Products in a One‐Pot Procedure.
Authors: Xiao Zheng‐Kang , Yin Hui‐Ying , Shao Li‐Xiong
Published: July 2013

The title reaction illustrates the first Pd‐catalyzed, phosphine‐free α‐arylation of oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Bromocyclization of O‐Allyl‐N‐tosyl‐hydroxylamines.
Authors: Egart Boris , Lentz Dieter , Czekelius Constantin
Published: July 2013

The reaction presumably proceeds via an N‐bromo intermediate, which leads to electrophilic activation of the alkene moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Stereocontrolled Direct C—H Fluoroalkenylation of Heteroarenes Using gem‐Bromofluoroalkenes.
Authors: Schneider Cedric , Masi Daniela , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Pannecoucke Xavier , Hoarau Christophe
Published: July 2013

The coupling of (E)‐bromofluoroalkenes with various azoles offers a stereocontrolled approach to trisubstituted monofluoroalkene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on the Cyclization Methods of 3‐[1‐(Phenyl‐hydrazono)ethyl]‐chromen‐2‐ones.
Authors: Yang Guo‐Yu , Wang Cai‐Xia , Fan Su‐Fang , Zhao Long‐Jie , Wang Dan , Xu Cui‐Lian
Published: July 2013

Three methods for the intramolecular cyclization of (I) are described and compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Densely Substituted Benzofurans and Naphthopyrans from Phenolic Compounds and Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yuan Feng‐Quan , Han Fu‐She
Published: July 2013

The outcome of the title reaction is controlled by the structural nature of the propargyl alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Coumarins under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Hongshe
Published: July 2013

The title compounds (III) are obtained via Pechmann condensation of phenols and β‐ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Highly Functionalized Pyranochromenes and Pyranopyrans.
Authors: Emmadi Narender Reddy , Atmakur Krishnaiah , Chityal Ganesh Kumar , Pombala Sujitha , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: July 2013

Hitherto unreported fluorinated pyranochromene (IV) and pyranopyran derivatives (VI) are synthesized via simple multicomponent reactions and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation, Alkenylation, and Alkylation of 2‐Halopyridine N‐Oxides with Grignard Reagents: A Solution to the Problem of C2/C6 Regioselective Functionalization of Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Song , Liao Lian‐Yan , Zhang Fang , Duan Xin‐Fang
Published: July 2013

The new method presented here works efficiently with various halopyridine N‐oxides and Grignard reagents tolerating a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines by Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated γ‐Alkoxy‐α‐keto Esters with N‐Unsubstituted 5‐Aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Stepaniuk Oleksandr O. , Matviienko Vitalii O. , Kondratov Ivan S. , Vitruk Igor V. , Tolmachev Andrei O.
Published: July 2013

The uncatalyzed title reaction produces various derivatives of the title heterocycle in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2‐ones Using New Synthetic Recyclable Catalyst via Biginelli and Hantzsch Reactions.
Authors: Shockravi Abbas , Kamali Mahmood , Sharifi Negar , Nategholeslam Mahdieh , Moghanlo Somayeh Pahlavan
Published: July 2013

The highly efficient cobalt complex catalyst is easily prepared and reusable at least five times without any significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Monoterpene Glycosides from Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews and Their Inhibition on NO Production in LPS‐Induced RAW 264.7 Cells.
Authors: Ding Liqin , Zhao Feng , Chen Lixia , Jiang Zhihu , Liu Yue , Li Zhuomin , Qiu Feng , Yao Xinsheng
Published: July 2013

Nine new monoterpene glycosides are isolated along with 18 known compounds from Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Conjugate Addition of Amino Acid Derivatives via Memory of Chirality: Total Synthesis of Manzacidin A.
Authors: Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Kinoshita Tomohiko , Yoshioka Hiroyasu , Kawabata Takeo
Published: July 2013

Asymmetric intermolecular conjugate addition of various α‐amino acid derivatives with (II) via memory of chirality is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Multistep Conversion of N‐Protected α‐Amino Acids into N‐Protected β3‐Amino Acids Utilizing the Nef Reaction.
Authors: Sleebs Brad E. , Nguyen Nghi H. , Hughes Andrew B.
Published: July 2013

α‐Amino acids (I) and (VII) are converted into chiral γ‐amino nitroalkanes of type (V) in a three‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Thioglycosides with (Hetero)aryl Halides.
Authors: Brachet Etienne , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Messaoudi Samir , Alami Mouad
Published: July 2013

Thioglycosides are used for the first time as effective nucleophiles for Buchwald—Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions using functionalized aryl halides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Phosphides: From Chemist′s Oddities to Designed Functional Materials
Authors: Carenco Sophie , Demange Matthieu , Boissiere Cedric , Sanchez Clement , Mezailles Nicolas
Published: July 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Jayadevan K. P. , Tseng T. Y.
Published: July 2013

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hollow Micro/Nano Particles
Authors: Cao Yuebin , Yuan Fangli , Zhang Xing , Chen Yunfa
Published: July 2013

Review: 244 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Chemistries of CO and NO Oxidation over RuO2(110): Insights from First‐principles Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Authors: Wang Hangyao , Schneider William F.
Published: July 2013

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Nanoparticles in Neat Water for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Denicourt‐Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain
Published: July 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly and Functionalization of Lipophilic Metal—Triazole Complexes in Various Media
Authors: Kuroiwa Keita , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: July 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rigid Biobased Building Blocks: Current Developments and Outlook
Authors: van Es Daan S.
Published: July 2013

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemistry‐Assisted Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Chimni Swapandeep Singh
Published: July 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Chemoselective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde to Unsaturated Alcohol over Nanomaterials
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yao Siyu , Wang Mengnan , Lou Shujie , Yan Ning
Published: July 2013

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Regulators of Autophagy and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wang Renxiao
Published: July 2013

Review: 123 refs.
Distributed model predictive control with asynchronous controller evaluations
Authors: Liu Su , Zhang Jing , Liu Jinfeng , Feng Yiping , Rong Gang
Published: July 2013

In this work, we focus on the reduction of network communication burden of cooperative distributed model predictive control (DMPC) of a class of nonlinear processes. Specifically, we propose a cooperative DMPC design in which the evaluations of the distributed controllers are triggered by the difference between the subsystem state measurements and the estimates of them. The individual model predictive controllers in this DMPC are designed via Lyapunov techniques. Under the assumption that state measurements of the subsystems are available, sufficient conditions for the closed‐loop stability are derived. The proposed DMPC is applied to a reactor–separator chemical process example and is compared with a cooperative DMPC in which distributed controllers are evaluated every sampling time extensively. The results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
SaC‐FRAPP: a scalable and cost‐effective framework for privacy preservation over big data on cloud
Authors: Zhang Xuyun , Liu Chang , Nepal Surya , Yang Chi , Dou Wanchun , Chen Jinjun
Published: July 2013

Big data and cloud computing are two disruptive trends nowadays, provisioning numerous opportunities to the current information technology industry and research communities while posing significant challenges on them as well. Cloud computing provides powerful and economical infrastructural resources for cloud users to handle ever increasing data sets in big data applications. However, processing or sharing privacy‐sensitive data sets on cloud probably engenders severe privacy concerns because of multi‐tenancy. Data encryption and anonymization are two widely‐adopted ways to combat privacy breach. However, encryption is not suitable for data that are processed and shared frequently, and anonymizing big data and manage numerous anonymized data sets are still challenges for traditional anonymization approaches. As such, we propose a scalable and cost‐effective framework for privacy preservation over big data on cloud in this paper. The key idea of the framework is that it leverages cloud‐based MapReduce to conduct data anonymization and manage anonymous data sets, before releasing data to others. The framework provides a holistic conceptual foundation for privacy preservation over big data. Further, a corresponding proof‐of‐concept prototype system is implemented. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that scalable and cost‐effective framework for privacy preservation can anonymize large‐scale data sets and mange anonymous data sets in a highly flexible, scalable, efficient, and cost‐effective fashion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.