bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross‐Sectional Study of the Current and Future Dental Hygiene and Dental Therapy Student Workforce in the UK and Ireland During 2022–2025: Considering Facilitators and Barriers to the Growth of This Workforce
Authors: Murray Sarah , Niggli Jason
Published: October 2024

Introduction

With evidence suggesting that dental hygienists (DH) and dental therapists (DThs) can undertake a significant proportion of routine clinical work, this paper explores the number of recent graduates and students currently in training in the UK and Ireland and considers whether there are sufficient DH and DTh registrants to positively impact on population needs.

Methods

An online questionnaire survey was distributed by the Directors of Dental Hygiene and Therapy Group to all programme leads of dental hygiene and dental therapy programmes during December 2023.

Results

There was a 100% response rate. The majority of programmes award a Bachelor's degree, with a minority offering a Diploma or Foundation degree; one programme awards an MSc level qualification. The number of graduates in the 2022–2023 academic year was 429, registered with both the General Dental Council (GDC) and Dental Council of Ireland (DCI). The numbers of DH students expected to graduate in 2023–2024 academic year is likely to increase by 44% and in 2024–2025 this will increase by a further 12% compared to the previous year. The anticipated numbers of DTh graduates registering across the UK in 2023–2024 academic year is 312, representing in a slight decrease of 3% from the previous year; in 2024–2025 this figure is expected to remain static at 313.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate the numbers of students recently graduated and in training in the UK and Ireland, during 2022–2025. The numbers of registrants is slightly increasing, but there is a need for detailed information regarding working practices to inform future workforce planning; this will inform the need for increasing training numbers.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of proinflammatory fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells in the keloid immune microenvironment
Authors: Li Daishi , Li Zhaohuai , Liu Sitao , Chen Xiaozhen , Che Xuanlin , Deng Guangtong , Chen Jialing , Li He , Wang Rong , Chen Xiang , Su Wenru , Su Juan
Published: October 2024

Background

Keloids, characterized by an aberrant wound‐healing process and a highly complex immune microenvironment, pose significant challenges for clinical management. Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were identified as the leading cells of keloid development. However, their roles in the keloid immune landscape have yet to be thoroughly elucidated.

Methods

To explore the functional state of cells in the immune landscape of keloids, we conducted a single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis on the tissue from three keloid lesions and two specimens of healthy skin. We simultaneously utilized available keloid data from the public database for external validation.

Results

Specific subsets, such as proinflammatory fibroblasts (piF) and VEC, were markedly elevated in lesional skin compared to normal skin. Subsequent differential gene expression and Gene Ontology analyses indicated that these subsets may be involved in shaping the microenvironment. In keloids, there is an increased expression of immune‐associated genes (P < 0.05), including TNFRSF6B, HGF, and TGFB3, alongside a decreased expression of inflammatory chemokines in the piF. Moreover, the significant upregulation of immune suppressive genes (P < 0.05), including CD39, CD73, and HIF1A, suggested the potential involvement of VEC as a conditional immune subpopulation in the keloid microenvironment. Immune cell communication analysis revealed preferential enrichment of macrophages and Tregs, highlighting intensified macrophage‐centered interactions within the keloid microenvironment.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted the role of piF and VEC in the immune microenvironment of keloids for the first time, providing potential targets for therapeutic development.
The effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses
Authors: Sancar Behire , Dogan Aktas Ayse Buket
Published: October 2024

Background

Missed care has negative consequences for patients, directly affecting the quality of nursing care and patient safety.

Aim

This study investigated the effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses.

Methods

This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in all inpatient wards of a hospital in southern Türkiye. The sample consisted of 200 patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, the MISSCARE Survey‐Patient, the Nursing Image Scale (NIS), and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (for Windows 25.0). The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.

Findings

Participants had a mean MISSCARE Survey‐Patient, TNS, and NIS score of 2.09 ± 0.53, 23.48 ± 5.01, and 71.52 ± 6.75, respectively. There was a moderate negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey‐Patient and TNS scores. There was a weak negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey‐Patient and NIS scores. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between NIS and TNS scores.

Discussion

MISSCARE Survey‐Patient total scores vary due to the imbalance in the number of nurses and the complexity of their tasks. Poor quality of care and incomplete care undermine the image of nursing and negatively affect the trust relationship between patients and nurses.

Conclusions

Nursing image and trust in nurses decreases as patient–nurse communication and basic care interventions are skipped.

Implications for nursing policy

Inadequate care can have a detrimental effect on the nursing image and erode patient–nurse trust relationships. Therefore, there is a pressing need for ongoing review and enhancement of nursing education, policy, and practice to elevate the quality of care provided. Further research utilizing objective staff measures and outcome assessments, along with gathering primary data directly from patients, is essential to substantiate the assertion that missed care significantly influences patient outcomes.
The Role of Human Values in the Relationship Between Industry 4.0 and Job Insecurity in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Bernal‐Torres César A. , Thoene Ulf , Ferreira‐Hoyos Andrea , Aldana‐Bernal Juan C. , García Alonso Roberto
Published: October 2024

This study analyses the relationship between Industry 4.0, human values and job insecurity in Colombia against significant technological changes and global economic challenges. It aims to understand how human values mediate the relationship between Industry 4.0's technological advances and the perception of job security in the current era of economic and social uncertainty. Utilising a Likert scale, the study gathered 714 survey responses from employees in medium and large Colombian companies. The study used a multistage multivariate analysis approach, starting with unidimensionality analysis, followed by reliability and validity analysis to measure accuracy. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were subsequently employed to test the underlying factor structures of the data. Finally, structural equation modelling integrated the findings, forming a model that sheds light on the relationships among the studied variables. The analysis revealed strong human values such as commitment, collaboration, tolerance, honesty and loyalty in the workplace. Interestingly, participants had a low perception of job insecurity, indicating a more complex relationship between technological advancements and job security perceptions. This study offers valuable insights into how human values shape the workforce's response to the rapid changes of Industry 4.0, particularly in an emerging economy like Colombia.
Exploring Collaboration and Social Dynamics in the Paediatric Morbidity and Mortality Meeting, A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Jeffs Emma Louise , Newall Fiona , Delany Clare , Kinney Sharon
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore collaboration and social dynamics within paediatric Morbidity and Mortality meetings.

Design

Qualitative Exploratory Case Study Methodology incorporating semi‐structured interviews and qualitative observations.

Methods

Data were collected in a large quaternary paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews with meeting attendees were conducted after observing and documenting meeting conduct. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret data and generate a thematic map of findings.

Results

Forty‐four interviews and 32 meeting observations were conducted between July 2019 and January 2020. Participants valued collaboration between attendees in Morbidity and Mortality meetings, however there were barriers to this. They included differing views about roles and negative impacts of hierarchies and authority. Senior doctors dominated discussion, and participants described this occasionally signalling reverence and respect, but sometimes signified intimidation and feeling unsure about how to contribute. Because of this complexity, successfully achieving positive social dynamics in a meeting required active promotion and management.

Conclusion

Morbidity and Mortality meetings mirror the complexity and richness of the clinical environment. Descriptions of how meeting conduct can shape positive workplace culture and address hierarchical obstructions to safe clinical care highlight their far‐reaching potential. Effective collaboration is an intrinsic part of realising this value.

Impact

This paper addresses a paucity in the literature in understanding how social dynamics and collaboration in Morbidity and Mortality meetings are interpreted and experienced. These findings illuminate challenges and obstacles to achieving a productive and equitable social dynamic in meetings. They also illustrate positive discrimination strategies that may improve participation and widespread engagement of nurses, junior doctors, and allied health professionals. Importantly, fostering constructive social dynamics in the Morbidity and Mortality meeting could positively impact patient safety culture and therefore patient care.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
‘It's Got Its Ups and Downs’: What People With Intellectual Disabilities Living in Supported Living and Residential Care Like and Dislike About Their Home
Authors: Ribenfors Francesca , Blood Lauren , Hatton Chris , Marriott Anna
Published: October 2024

Background

Given the current sociopolitical climate, people with intellectual disabilities are spending more time at home. Much housing‐related research focuses on informant‐completed measures and quantifiable outcomes. By contrast, this article explores the perspectives of adults with intellectual disabilities concerning what they liked or disliked about their homes.

Method

Data is drawn from 53 semi‐structured interviews with people with intellectual disabilities in supported living or residential care in England.

Results

Three themes were generated: space and place; people make or break a home; and day‐to‐day autonomy. These highlight the importance of belonging and the significance of other people in the creation of ‘home’.

Conclusion

If people are to flourish, attention must be paid to aspects of the home that provide comfort, enjoyment, and a sense of belonging. These findings can benefit professionals, family members and people with intellectual disabilities, when considering current or future living arrangements.
Improvement in uniformity of co‐linear pulsed electric field treatment chamber by sub‐electrodes and its optimization
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hak , Ham Gum‐Hae , Kim Sang‐Jin , Choe Yong‐Son
Published: October 2024

The uniformity of performance parameters such as electric field and temperature for a co‐linear pulsed electric field (PEF) processing system is one of main factors affecting the processing effect and quality of liquid food. We have proposed a co‐linear PEF treatment chamber configuration with sub‐electrodes to improve the uniformity and processing efficiency. We have first examined how the position of the sub‐electrodes alone affects the uniformity of the performance parameters. Then, we have investigated the variation of the uniformity while changing simultaneously the electrode radius, inter‐electrode gap, and position of sub‐electrodes. As a result, we have found that the most uniform field could be obtained when the electrode radius is 5.5 mm, the inter‐electrode gap is 15 mm, and the sub‐electrodes situate at the middle of the chamber. In this chamber, the region between 95% and 105% of the average electric field covers 83%, which shows much improvement compared to the formers' results, 69.5% and 76%, respectively. Also, the optimal treatment chamber provides greater average electric field under the same voltages as the voltages reported by the formers.

Practical applications

A novel treatment chamber with sub‐electrodes is proposed for pulsed electric fields food processing. The improved treatment design was obtained by changing position of sub‐electrodes, inner radius of electrodes and distance between electrodes. The more uniform electric field was obtained in treatment region. The temperature distribution was more uniformed by increasing flow rates and uniformed electric field strength. The treatment throughput was increased by sub‐electrodes.
Chinese Version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool: Critical Patient Reliability and Validity
Authors: Jia Donghui , Wang Shengjun , Wang Qian , Wang Hengyang , Xie Haohao , Jiang Youfei , Zhang Zhigang , Lyu Xinghua
Published: October 2024

Aims and Objectives

To translate and validate the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool.

Background

Timely assessment of the pain degree of nonverbal intensive care unit (ICU) patients can provide humanistic care. However, there is a lack of pain assessment tools that can meet the needs of patients who cannot use language in ICUs in China.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

We conducted forward–backward translation of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. A total of 300 critically ill patients in the intensive care unit who could not communicate verbally completed the Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to verify structural validity, and content validity and reliability analyses were also conducted.

Results

The Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.901) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981), with good split‐half reliability. Content validity was established through acceptable item‐level content validity index and scale‐level content validity index scores. Exploratory factor analysis showed a single factor explaining 71.79% of total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good model fit. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. The Chinese Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated significant differences in scores between different states of consciousness and illness severity, supporting its known‐groups validity.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool is a reliable and valid tool for nonverbal pain assessment in ICU patients in China.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool can assess the pain of patients who cannot use language in ICU, which provides a new valuable assessment tool for Chinese clinicians and nurses in pain assessment and management.

Reporting Method

Our study followed the STROBE Checklists.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients actively cooperated and participated in data collection during the implementation of the study.
An Inconvenient Truth: A Comprehensive Examination of the Added Value (or Lack Thereof) of Leadership Measures
Authors: Eva Nathan , Howard Joshua L. , Liden Robert C. , Morin Alexandre J.S. , Schwarz Gary
Published: October 2024

The leadership literature encompasses a bewildering array of leadership styles, with most studies focussing on the nature and consequences of a single leadership style in isolation. This isolationist approach has led researchers to mostly ignore the similarities between supposedly different leadership styles, and few studies have examined these overlaps empirically. To understand the extent of this problem, we use bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling to examine whether 12 dominant leadership measures capture shared variance and whether any variance unique to a particular style is related to theoretically and empirically established covariates. Moreover, we explore what the shared variance of these leadership measures may represent. Across seven samples, five countries, multiple organizational contexts, and 4000 respondents, the 12 leadership measures shared significant amounts of variance and did not systematically capture unique leadership‐related variance. Further analyses indicated this shared variance mainly represented the affective quality of the leader–follower relationship. The results reveal an inconvenient truth for leadership researchers who wish to differentiate styles, as the styles have much more in common than differences. Contrasting with previous recommendations to refine styles, we argue that a taxonomic leadership behaviour categories approach to leadership research is the most parsimonious way forward.
The association of early passive mobilization with intracranial pressure in the adult intensive care unit: A prospective, cohort study
Authors: Küçük Ahmet Oğuzhan , Hatınoğlu Neslihan , Apaydin Umut , Altunalan Turgay , Küçük Mehtap Pehlivanlar
Published: October 2024

Background

Early mobilization are key components of the ABCDEF Care Bundle and critical treatments to reduce acquired muscle weakness, delirium and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

Aim

This study aimed to determine whether routine early mobilization related to intracranial pressure in intensive care patients on mechanical ventilation, using optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (ONSD).

Study design

This study was planned as a prospective, cohort study in the third‐step adult ICU of a faculty hospital. The study included only patients who were intubated and followed up on a mechanical ventilator and were clinically stable. Passive range of motion (PROM) exercises were performed daily by the physiotherapists as part of routine care from the day of hospitalization. ONSD was assessed before, during and 10 min after PROM exercises.

Results

The study included 20 eligible patients out of the 142 who were evaluated upon admission to the ICU. The median age of the patients was 65 years, and nine (45%) of them were female. The analyses showed that there was no statistically significant change in ONSD during and at the end of the PROM (ONSD right eye p:.621, Partial η2: 0.025, ONSD left eye p:.935, Partial η2: 0.004). Similarly, there was no statistically significant change in haemodynamic parameters in during and at the end of the PROM (Heart beat p:.849, Partial η2: 0.009, Systolic Pressure p:.435, Partial η2: 0.043, Diastolic Pressure p:.128, Partial η2:0.103, Saturation p:.103, Partial η2: 0.113 and Respiratory rate p:.071, Partial η2:0.130).

Conclusion

This study suggests that daily extremity physiotherapy exercises can be safely applied without causing increased intracranial pressure or haemodynamic instability in intensive care patients followed up on mechanical ventilation, including patients with vasopressor therapy.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Early mobilization, including PROM, is considered safe in terms of intracranial pressure for intubated patients in the ICU.
Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL accelerates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 SUMOylation in vascular smooth muscle cells: A novel finding for the activation of MMP‐2
Authors: Lin Yi‐Wen , Lin Feng‐Yen , Lai Ze‐Hao , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Huang Yen‐Sung , Liu Chen‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Infection is a known cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and matrix metalloproteases‐2 (MMP‐2) secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a key role in the structural disruption of the middle layer of the arteries during AAA progression. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly associated with the progression of periodontitis. GroEL protein of periodontal pathogens is an important virulence factor that can invade the body through either the bloodstream or digestive tract and is associated with numerous systemic diseases. Although P. gingivalis aggravates AAA by increasing the expression of MMP‐2 in animal studies, the molecular mechanism through which P. gingivalis regulates the expression of MMP‐2 is still unknown and requires further investigation.

In this study, we first confirmed through animal experiments that P. gingivalis GroEL promotes MMP‐2 secretion from vascular SMCs, thereby aggravating Ang II‐induced aortic remodeling and AAA formation. In addition, rat vascular SMCs and A7r5 cells were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. The results demonstrated that GroEL can promote the interaction between the K639 site of MMP‐2 and SUMO‐1, leading to MMP‐2 SUMOylation, which inhibits the reoccurrence of non–K639‐mediated monoubiquitylation. Hence, the monoubiquitylation‐mediated lysosomal degradation of MMP‐2 is inhibited, consequently promoting MMP‐2 stability and production. SUMOylation may facilitate intra‐endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi trafficking of MMP‐2, thereby enhancing its transport capacity. In conclusion, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of a novel posttranslational modification, SUMOylation, in the MMP family, suggesting that P. gingivalis GroEL may exacerbate AAA formation by increasing MMP‐2 production through SUMOylation in vascular SMCs. This study also provides a novel perspective on the role of SUMOylation in MMP‐2–induced systemic diseases.
The duty to listen
Authors: Joshi Hrishikesh , McKenna Robin
Published: October 2024

In philosophical work on the ethics of conversational exchange, much has been written regarding the speaker side—i.e., on the rights and duties we have as speakers. This paper explores the relatively neglected topic of the duties pertaining to the listeners’ side of the exchange. Following W.K. Clifford, we argue that it's fruitful to think of our epistemic resources as common property. Furthermore, listeners have a key role in maintaining and improving these resources, perhaps a more important role than speakers. We develop this idea by drawing from Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber's “interactionist” picture of reason, which suggests that reasoning is essentially dialogical and relies on the epistemic vigilance of listeners. The paper defends an imperfect, prima facie duty to listen, one that is sufficiently strong to place substantial demands on individuals, but not so overly demanding as to be implausible.
Shepherd's social epistemology: A nonreductive theory of testimony and the question of epistemic autonomy
Authors: Bartha David
Published: October 2024

In this article, I extract Mary Shepherd's social epistemology primarily from her attack on Hume's dismissive account of miracle reports. On my reading, she adopts a nonreductionist position on testimony, arguing that the hearer is both caused and justified to regard testimonies as true by default, that is, in the absence of any undefeated defeater. In contrast to Humean reductionism, we do not need to provide positive evidence for the truth of the testified proposition, for instance, by appealing to the observed reliability of the speaker or speakers generally. In fleshing out her account, I clarify why her nonreductionism does not lead Shepherd to question our epistemic autonomy—the idea that we are supposed to draw our own conclusions. Indeed, I argue that it is precisely her commitment to epistemic autonomy that explains why, despite following Reid's similar account of testimony, she emphatically denies that we could justify metaphysical principles by appealing to common sense or universal agreement among people. Relatedly, I suggest that Shepherd thinks that while we have an a priori right to trust testimonies about events (whether ordinary or extraordinary) that we have not witnessed ourselves, we should never base our philosophical judgments simply on others' authority.
The Cartel Mystique: Race and the Social Construction of the Cannabis Grower
Authors: Meisel Joshua S.
Published: October 2024

Racialization of the drug trade has been an ongoing feature of drug‐related moral panics for over a century. In the latter part of the twentieth century, public anxieties about ongoing economic changes made immigrants and Mexican drug cartels convenient scapegoats in the context of moral panics about cannabis and cannabis growers. In this research, I focus on the social construction of cannabis growers in the Emerald Triangle of Northern California, with a particular focus on the cartel grower construct. Through a content analysis of news media coverage, government and law enforcement reports, and field notes from personal communications with law enforcement officers and government officials, I identify racialized constructions of growers in the region. I also explore the relationships between local narratives and the broader cannabis discourse. In this “post‐prohibition” moment, this discourse impacts U.S. cannabis policy conversations and fuels anti‐immigrant rhetoric.
Local credit and international trade
Authors: Vavrus Joseph , Xu Nan
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationship between local access to credit and exports. A model of finance‐constrained exporters and bank entry decisions generates trade equations that we estimate with a panel of Brazilian municipal‐level trade and banking data. Literature in the financial development field has struggled to deal with the endogenous relationship between finance and economic outcomes. To untangle this reverse causality, we instrument bank presence by using geographic characteristics particular to the bank branching decision. The results show that local bank access matters: increases in bank branches per person increases bilateral exports and varieties at the city‐ and industry levels. The effect is even stronger for industries where the credit constraint binds, specifically those that use less internal funds and have more difficulty producing collateral.
Nonlinear edge transport in a quantum Hall system
Authors: Isobe Hiroki , Nagaosa Naoto
Published: October 2024

Nonlinear transport phenomena in condensed matter reflect the geometric nature, quantum coherence, and many-body correlation of electronic states. Electric currents in solids are classified into (i) ohmic current, (ii) supercurrent, and (iii) geometric or topological current. While the nonlinear current-voltage (
I
-
V
) characteristics of the former two categories have been extensive research topics recently, those of the last category remains unexplored. Among them, the quantum Hall current is a representative example. Realized in two-dimensional electronic systems under a strong magnetic field, the topological protection quantizes the Hall conductance in the unit of
e
2
/
h
(
e
, elementary charge; and
h
, Planck constant), of which the edge transport picture gives a good account. Here, we theoretically study the nonlinear
I
-
V
H
characteristic of the edge transport up to third order in
V
H
. We find that nonlinearity arises in the Hall response from electron-electron interaction between the counterpropagating edge channels with the nonlinear energy dispersions. We also discuss possible experimental observations.
p53 terminates the regenerative fetal-like state after colitis-associated injury
Authors: Hartl Kimberly , Bayram Şafak , Wetzel Alexandra , Harnack Christine , Lin Manqiang , Fischer Anne-Sophie , Liu Lichao , Beccaceci Giulia , Mastrobuoni Guido , Geisberger Sabrina , Forbes Martin , Monteiro Benedict J. E. , Macino Martina , Flores Roberto E. , Engelmann Cornelius , Mollenkopf Hans-Joachim , Schupp Michael , Tacke Frank , Sanders Ashley D. , Kempa Stefan , Berger Hilmar , Sigal Michael
Published: October 2024

Cells that lack p53 signaling frequently occur in ulcerative colitis (UC) and are considered early drivers in UC-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Epithelial injury during colitis is associated with transient stem cell reprogramming from the adult, homeostatic to a “fetal-like” regenerative state. Here, we use murine and organoid-based models to study the role of
Trp53
during epithelial reprogramming. We find that p53 signaling is silent and dispensable during homeostasis but strongly up-regulated in the epithelium upon DSS-induced colitis. While in WT cells this causes termination of the regenerative state, crypts that lack
Trp53
remain locked in the highly proliferative, regenerative state long-term. The regenerative state in WT cells requires high Wnt signaling to maintain elevated levels of glycolysis. Instead,
Trp53
deficiency enables Wnt-independent glycolysis due to overexpression of rate-limiting enzyme PKM2. Our study reveals the context-dependent relevance of p53 signaling specifically in the injury-induced regenerative state, explaining the high abundance of clones lacking p53 signaling in UC and UC-associated CRC.
Sequential migrations of diverse fish community provide seasonally prolonged and stable nutrient inputs to a river
Authors: Kurasawa Akira , Onishi Yuji , Koba Keisuke , Fukushima Keitaro , Uno Hiromi
Published: October 2024

Animal migrations transport resources among spatially separate ecosystems, effectively linking them. In freshwater ecosystems, numerous fish species migrate between mainstream rivers or lakes and their tributaries, providing resources and nutrients during their spawning migrations. Multiple migratory species travel to the same destinations and contribute such nutrients, but knowledge remains limited about how the diversity of migratory animals influences the recipient ecosystem. We investigated how migrations of diverse fish community from Lake Biwa, Japan contribute to nutrient inputs in one of the lake’s tributary rivers and how they influence the ecosystem. Sequential migration of six fish species continued for 8 months of a year, causing high-level nutrient concentration and primary production. The fish-derived resources were taken up by diverse members of the river community. Our results emphasize the extent to which migrations of diverse animals seasonally extend and stabilize the resource subsidy and how they extend pronounced effects on the recipient ecosystems.
Supplemental Material: Nitrogen (N) and its isotopes in serpentinized forearc wedges and implications for N cycling across subduction zones
Authors: Bustos Moreno Juan Felipe , al. et
Published: October 2024

Photomicrographs of sample 1H-5W (18-20) from South Chamorro Site 1200F (Fig. S1), analytical techniques (Fig. S2), mixing model (Fig. S3), calculation of global N reservoir in serpentinized forearc wedges (Fig. S4), and whole-rock N concentration and isotopic data (Table S1).  
Supplemental Material: North Pacific warmth synchronous with the Miocene Climatic Optimum
Authors: Nirenberg Jared E. , Herbert Timothy D
Published: October 2024

Alkenone analytical methods, site description, and age model for ODP Site 884, calculation of SST anomalies, Figures S1–S6, and Tables S1–S2.  
Supplemental Material: Late Cretaceous glaciations in a hyper-arid plateau desert of the South China Coastal Mountains
Authors: Yu Xiaocan , al. et
Published: October 2024

Description of measure sections, detailed analytical procedures, detrital zircon U-Pb signals of potential sources, Figure S1, Tables S1–S5, and supplemental references.
Biological Activity of Late Transition Metal‐Based Compounds: From Computational and Theoretical Studies to Laboratory Exploration and Beyond
Authors: Ruwizhi Ngonidzashe , Singh Thishana , Omondi Bernard O. , Bala Muhammad D.
Published: October 2024

The use of metal compounds such as cisplatin and its derivatives as therapeutic and diagnostic agents against various diseases is well established. Although metallodrugs have been very successful clinically, low therapeutic selectivity and the potential toxicity of the metal compounds mandate the need for a continuous search for more efficient and specific treatments. Hence, the use of computer‐aided drug design (CADD), molecular modelling and theoretical studies in designing, selecting and applying potential drug candidates have become ever more necessary. Among the many computational and theoretical techniques, molecular docking and density functional theory play significant roles in predicting drug activity. Recent methodologies, within the past 5 years, that rely on these techniques to advance the adoption of potential metallodrugs are highlighted and thoroughly discussed. This is because advancements in computing power have led to the wide use of CADD approaches for drug discovery, development and analysis to shorten the time and reduce the costs associated with drug discovery.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Nonlinear Optimization
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Hua Xia , Shan Longxiang , Wang Dongqiao , Liu Yong , Wang Qiaohua , Sun Yanhua , He Lingsong
Published: October 2024

Nonlinear optimization is becoming more challenging in information sciences and various industrial applications, but nonlinear problems solved by the classical particle swarm‐based methods are usually characterized by low efficiency, accuracy, and convergence speed in specific issues. To solve these problems and enhance the nonlinear optimization performance, an improved metaheuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) model is proposed here. First, the optimization principles and model of the new method are introduced, and algorithms of the improved PSO are presented by updating the displacement and velocity of the moving particle according to Euler–Maruyama (EM) principle rather than traditional standard normal distribution. Then, the influence of the model parameters, input dimensions, and different nonlinear problems on the PSO optimization characterizations are studied by Pareto set solving and optimization performance comparison. The analysis regarding diverse nonlinear problems and optimization methods manifests that the improved method is capable of solving various nonlinear problems especially for multiobjective models, while the robustness and reliability can always keep consistent regardless of the change of model parameters. Finally, the performance evaluation is exhibited by the case study of nonlinear parameter optimization, 3 groups of CEC benchmark problems, and rank‐sum test for 6 comparable optimization algorithms, which all verify its effectiveness and reliability, as well as the significance and great application promise. The results show that the new proposed PSO method has the fastest convergence speed and least iteration numbers in searching for the global best solution of 9 nonlinear problems among 8 different optimization models indicated by the p values smaller than 0.05. Additionally, the main conclusions showing the calculation efficiency, stability, robustness, and great application promise of the proposed method are summarized, and future work is discussed.
From Screens to Minds: The Connection Between Cyberbullying, Psychological Well‐Being, and the Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support in High School Students
Authors: Kahi Malihe , Heidari Zahra , Esmaeili Maryam , Samouei Rahele , Amini-Rarani Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Bullying has become a growing concern among adolescents, particularly in the context of cyberbullying, where electronic devices are used to harass others. Understanding the distinct roles of cyberbullies and victims of cyberbullying in relation to various consequences on psychological well‐being is crucial. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support in explaining the relationship between cyberbullying and the psychological well‐being of secondary high school students.

Method: This study employed a cross‐sectional design, in high school students (aged 15–18 years) in Isfahan city, Iran, in 2021. A stratified sampling method was used to select 1051 students. Data were collected through a checklist and three cyberbullying psychological well‐being and perceived social support questionnaires. Considering that the purpose of the study was to examine a set of dependency relationships, the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Mplus, and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) softwares and the structural equation method was applied.

Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between cyberbullying, psychological well‐being, and all its dimensions, except for autonomy and positive relationship with others. Conversely, a positive and significant relationship was observed between cyberbullying victims and psychological well‐being, except for purpose in life dimension. Additionally, there was a negative and significant relationship between cyberbullying, cyber victimization, and perceived social support, including its dimensions. Furthermore, perceived social support was found to mediate the relationship between cyberbullying and psychological well‐being significantly.

Conclusion: The study highlights that high school students involved in cyberbullying and cyber victimization are susceptible to a decline in their psychological well‐being. Therefore, it is imperative for parents, teachers, and education officials to understand the role of social support to mitigate the negative impacts of cyberbullying in adolescents.
On the Complexiton Solutions to the Conformable Fractional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito Equation
Authors: Ismael Hajar F. , Arif Özkul , Murad Muhammad Amin S. , Bulut Hasan , Shah Nehad Ali , Ahmed Shams Forruque
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation, which discusses the propagation of unidirectional shallow‐water waves and the interactions between two long waves with different dispersion forms. For the proposed equation, the sine‐Gordon expansion method has been considered. This method is derived from the sine‐Gordon equation. Different types of solutions, namely, bright, periodic, and dark‐bright soliton solutions, are derived. When these solutions are compared to other previously published research, to our knowledge, the study concludes that they are innovative, and this method was not applied to this equation. The validation of the obtained solutions is verified and plotted as three‐dimensional figures to comprehend physical phenomena. With the proper parameter values, distinct graphs are created to convey the physical representation of specific solutions. The results of this paper show that the method effectively improves a system’s nonlinear dynamical behavior. This study will be useful to a wide range of engineers who specialize in engineering models. The findings show that the computational approach is successful, simple, and even applicable to complex systems.
Table S1 from A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Ma Lina , Acuff Nicole V. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Ptacin Jerod L. , Caffaro Carolina E. , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Carrio Roberto , Byers Anthony M. , Herman Rob W. , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Chen David B. , Buetz Christen , Ismaili Taylor K. , Pham Helene V. , Cucchetti Margot , Sassoon Ingrid , Koriazova Lilia K. , Leveque Joseph A. , Shawver Laura K. , Mooney Jill M. , Milla Marcos E.
Published: October 2024

Table S1
Wide-Excision Choice in Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma on an 8-Year-Old Patient in a Low-Resource Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Sumual Vera
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common neoplasm of skeletal myoblast-like cells in children aged 5–8 years. It typically occurs in the head, neck region, genitourinary tract, retroperitoneum, and extremities. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old boy complained of a lump under his left eye that he had felt for the past 4 years. Initially small, it gradually grew larger although there were no accompanying symptoms of redness, pain, itching, or eye movement disorders, and no history of trauma. Visual acuity in the left eye was measured at 6/15, with pinhole correction improving to 6/6, while the right eye was 6/6. Intraocular pressure in both eyes was 15 mm Hg. Anterior segment examination of the left eye revealed a mass on the lower eyelid with hard consistency, no erythema, no tenderness, with a flat surface, immobility, and all aspects of the conjunctiva, cornea, pupil, and lens appearing normal. A contrast computed tomography scan showed a solid mass measuring 2.1 × 1.9 × 1.9 cm, suggesting a left inferior eyelid mass. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was scheduled for chemotherapy. Conclusions: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma typically presents with sudden onset and rapid proptosis, without a history of trauma or respiratory tract infections. The embryonal subtype is the most common and has a better prognosis with combined therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. In low-resource settings, early clinical suspicion and thorough physical examination are vital, as limited access to medical tools can complicate management. Treatment should be adapted based on available resources, and regular follow-up is essential to monitor outcomes and ensure optimal care. Any swelling in children should be carefully examined for early detection and effective intervention.
A Meta-analysis of the Profit-Sharing Practices among Engineering, Construction, and Related Firms: Strategy to Increase Company Revenue
Authors: Siman Bennegreg P.
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the impact of profit sharing on employee motivation, productivity, and company performance in the engineering and construction industry. Through a meta-analysis of recent studies, it identifies key factors that influence the effectiveness of profit-sharing programs. The findings reveal that profit sharing significantly boosts employee motivation and productivity, with increases of 15% and 12% respectively. Moreover, job satisfaction rates are 20% higher among employees participating in profit-sharing programs. However, there is a notable preference split, with 60% of employees favoring profit sharing for its potential higher earnings, while 40% prefer fixed salary increases for stability. The research further indicates that frequent and actively managed profit-sharing distributions, such as quarterly payouts, lead to better financial performance, with a 10% increase in overall performance and a 5% improvement in profitability. Project-based profit sharing in the construction sector is particularly effective, resulting in a 25% increase in project completion rates and a 15% reduction in project costs. Additionally, profit sharing is more effective in unionized organizations, with an 18% increase in effectiveness, and mandatory profit-sharing frameworks enhance worker satisfaction and productivity.  Based on these findings, the paper recommends developing tailored profit-sharing strategies that cater to different employee preferences, implementing frequent and active management of profit-sharing distributions, adopting project-based profit sharing in project-centric industries, engaging with unions for fair terms, advocating for supportive regulatory frameworks, and continuously monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of these programs. By adopting these strategies, engineering and construction firms can enhance employee motivation, improve productivity, and achieve better financial performance, driving organizational success.
Digitalized Learning Module in Cookery for Grade 11 Students
Authors: Palomeras Patrick A.
Published: October 2024

This study focused on the development and evaluation of the Digitalized Learning Module in Cookery for Grade 11 Students of a public national high school in Antipolo City for the third quarter of the school year 2022-2023.  In this study, weighted mean was utilized to ascertain how well the created digitalized learning module in cookery for Grade 11 students was received by instructors and expert responses.  Independent-samples z Test was utilized to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the two sets of respondents' assessments of the created digitalized learning module in cookery for Grade 11 students. The study involved 30 respondents to complete the research investigation.   It was revealed that both the TLE/TVL experts and TLE/TVL teachers agreed that the use of Digitalized Learning Module in Cookery among Grade 11 Students and its evaluation received very satisfactory ratings across multiple quality dimensions.  Further, adopting a Digitalized Learning Module in Cookery for Grade 11 students can help improve their academic performance even when learning online.  The Digitalized Learning Module may be a very useful tool to facilitate teaching Cookery for Grade 11 TVL class that could prepare students to develop critical thinking which may lead to higher academic performance in the subject.  The use of the strategy is recommended for further research and may be applied to other subjects.
Unlocking Creativity: Utilizing The 5 Whys Methodology to Illuminate Core Issues in Student Supreme Government
Authors: Almaden Antoniette M. , Valle Paula Trisha E. , Ursal Din Emman S. , Cabanlit Cheradee Ann M.
Published: October 2024

Student engagement programs served as catalysts for student development, community building, and active participation in campus life. This research explored the state of student engagement programs within the Supreme Student Government (SSG), focusing on their effectiveness and levels of student participation. Utilizing the 5 Whys methodology, the study identified and analyzed critical challenges and opportunities related to student motivation, program structure, and alignment with student interests. The findings revealed that internal communication breakdowns and budget constraints were significant factors impeding the effectiveness of SSG programs. Student participation was only moderate due to conflicting schedules with classes and insufficient program marketing. The rigid structure of SSG programs and a lengthy approval process further limited their ability to meet student needs. A disconnect between program content and student interests hindered engagement. The research concluded that the root causes of these problems lay in the need for more structured communication channels, a complex approval process, and misalignment with student interests. By addressing these underlying motives, recommendations included enhancing internal communication, allocating funds as efficiently as possible, and creating an inclusive learning environment. These strategies aimed to develop more effective and appealing student engagement programs, ultimately fostering a more active and engaged student body.