bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Time-Trend Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Mohit M. , Ancker Jessica S. , Benda Natalie C. , Johnson Stephen B. , Demetres Michelle , Delgado Diana , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J.
Published: February 2025

Background. To develop guidance on the effects of format on communication of health probabilities, the Making Numbers Meaningful team conducted a systematic review. Purpose. This article (one of a series) covers research on time-trend tasks, in which participants evaluate stimuli for information about probability trends, such as changing chances of cancer recurrence over time. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ERIC, ACM Digital Library; hand search of 4 journals. Study Selection. We conducted independent dual screening to identify experimental or quasi-experimental research comparing 2 or more formats for presenting quantitative health information to lay audiences. This article reports on 11 findings from 6 unique studies. Data Extraction. Independent dual extraction of information on stimulus (data in a data presentation format), task, and perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Data Synthesis. We identified research on the impact of format on the following outcomes: contrast, computation, effectiveness perceptions, health behaviors and behavioral intentions, discrimination, and preference. Strong evidence suggests that graphing probability curves over longer (rather than shorter) time periods increases perceived differences between curves (effectiveness perception outcome). Weak evidence suggested 1) survival versus mortality curves do not affect perceived differences between curves or ability to perform computations, 2) survival curves may help people identify the option with the highest survival, and 3) graphing probabilities over longer time periods may not affect the ability to identify the highest survival. Limitations. Granular data extraction and evidence syntheses lead to narrow conclusions rather than broader statements. Conclusions. The very limited evidence available about probability time-trend tasks is primarily about the effects of framing (survival v. mortality curves) and the effects of using shorter versus longer time periods.

Highlights

This systematic review found that few studies of probability trend data compared similar formats or used comparable outcome measures. The only strong piece of evidence was that graphing probabilities over longer time periods such that the distance between curves widens will tend to increase the perceived difference between the curves. Weak evidence suggests that survival curves (versus mortality curves) may make it easier to identify the option with the highest overall survival. Weak evidence suggests that graphing probabilities over longer (rather than shorter) time periods may increase the ability to distinguish between small survival differences. Evidence was insufficient to determine whether any format influenced behaviors or behavioral intentions.
How Difference Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format, Part 2: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review
Authors: Benda Natalie C. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Sharma Mohit M. , Johnson Stephen B. , Demetres Michelle , Delgado Diana , Ancker Jessica S.
Published: February 2025

Background. To evaluate the effect of data presentation format on communication of health probabilities, the Making Numbers Meaningful team undertook a systematic review. Purpose. This article presents evidence about difference tasks, in which a reader examines information to evaluate differences between probabilities, such as the effect of a therapy on the chance of recurrence. This article covers the effect of format on 5 outcomes: 1) perceptions of or feelings about effectiveness, 2) behavioral intentions or behaviors, 3) trust, 4) preference for the format, and 5) discrimination. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ERIC, ACM Digital Library; hand search. Finding Selection. Experimental/quasi-experimental studies comparing 2 or more formats for presenting quantitative health information. This article covers 205 findings from 101 unique studies reported in 84 articles. Data Extraction. Dual extraction of information on stimulus, task, and perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Data Synthesis. Evidence is moderate to strong that behavioral intention is affected more by relative differences than absolute ones, by numerator-only graphics than part-to-whole graphics, by messages with anecdotes than without, and by information about what others chose. Evidence is strong that perceived and felt effectiveness is affected more by relative differences than by absolute ones and more by numerator-only graphics rather than part-to-whole graphics. For graphic preferences, bar charts were preferred to icon arrays and graphics with data labels to graphics without. Other comparisons had weak or insufficient evidence. Limitations. The detailed approach to evidence syntheses provides narrowly targeted evidence rather than broad statements. Conclusions. Moderate to strong evidence can be derived on effects of probability difference format on behavioral intention, perceived or felt effectiveness, and preference for format.

Highlights

Communicating relative risk differences as opposed to absolute risk differences, using numerator-only instead of part-to-whole graphics, and including anecdotes or information about others’ decisions will all increase intentions to engage in a behavior. Relative risks (rather than absolute risk differences) and numerator-only graphics (rather than part-to-whole) will also increase felt and perceived effectiveness. To illustrate probability differences, people tend to prefer bar charts over icon arrays and graphics with labels over those without. All findings regarding the impact of different presentation formats for probability differences on trust produced insufficient evidence.
Shifting Towards Teaching How to Communicate Statistics in Medical Education
Authors: Liou Lathan , Mittleman Murray A
Published: February 2025

Despite the widespread inclusion of statistics in medical school curricula as per the Liaison Committee on Medical Education requirements, the statistical competency among medical students and clinicians remains low. A 2007 study of 277 medical residents revealed only 41.1% scored correctly on a statistical knowledge survey, with minimal understanding of key concepts such as confidence intervals and adjusted odds ratios. A more recent 2023 study of 898 clinicians showed similar deficiencies in understanding efficacy, p-values, and discrimination metrics despite high confidence. This perspective argues for a paradigm shift from teaching statistical applications to focusing on statistical communication. We believe current statistics instruction lacks emphasis on communicating statistical results to patients. Teaching statistical concepts as tools for patient communication, rather than extensions of mathematics, can enhance understanding and ensure patients make informed decisions. Reframing statistical education to focus on communication could potentially address traditionally perceived learning barriers, improve understanding, and foster confidence. In this article, we outline several example reframings of teaching classical statistical concepts emphasizing interpretation and communication. Future strategies such as aligning statistics education closer to residency, revising exam content, updating accreditation requirements, and developing standardized communication primers can help ensure future clinicians are well-equipped to practice evidence-based medicine and effectively communicate statistical information in our increasingly data-driven world.
Anti-fibrotic effects of thrombin inhibition in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: Proof of concept
Authors: Bogatkevich Galina S , Huggins Terrill J , Ismail Ahmed A , Atanelishvili Ilia , Silver Richard M
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Activation of the coagulation cascade leading to generation of thrombin is well documented in various forms of lung injury including systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). We previously demonstrated that the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran inhibits thrombin-induced profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts isolated from scleroderma patients. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare lung fibroblasts from an SSc-ILD patient at baseline and after dabigatran treatment to ascertain this therapy’s differential effects on fibrogenic gene expression.

Materials and methods:

Lung fibroblasts isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from a SSc-ILD patient before and after receiving dabigatran (Pradaxa®) 75 mg twice daily for 6 months (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02426229) were analyzed by RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT)-PCR, and immunofluorescent staining.

Results:

Thrombin inhibition for six-months by oral dabigatran resulted in significantly decreased expression of 708 lung fibroblast genes as compared to basal levels before dabigatran treatment. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we determined that thrombin-inhibition by dabigatran primarily affected extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-related genes. Fibrosis-associated genes, including smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA, ACTA2), tenascin C, collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen 3 alpha1 (COL3A1), collagen 8 alpha 2 (COL8A2), collagen 10 alpha 1 (COL10A1), collagen 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1), fibronectin 1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and procollagen-lysine-2-oxoglutarate-5-dioxygenase-2 (PLOD2) were all significantly down regulated following thrombin inhibition by dabigatran treatment. Real-time qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining confirmed significant downregulation of the selected genes at the mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusion:

Inhibition of thrombin in this SSc-ILD patient treated with low-dose dabigatran etexilate downregulated profibrotic proteins in lung fibroblasts, providing further support for the use of thrombin inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with SSc-ILD.
Polyacrylonitrile/Wool Keratin/SiO2/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Electrospun Fiber Membrane for Highly Efficient Separation of Oil–Water Emulsions
Authors: Zhu Yuwen , Zhao Chengang , Li Rong
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of the chemical industry, oil–water emulsion separation has received increasing attention worldwide. In this study, waste wool was used as the raw material. The ratios of polyacrylonitrile and wool keratin were first adjusted to control the fiber diameter of the membrane. Then, micro-nanostructures were constructed on the membrane surface by adding SiO2 and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8. The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 on the fiber surface could absorb tiny oil droplets to achieve efficient separation of oil–water emulsions. The prepared membrane has a high flux (>390 L m−2 h−1), high separation efficiency (>95%), good chemical resistance, and reusability. The water contact angle and oil contact angle are 0° and the underwater oil contact angle is 143° of the PAN/wool keratin/SiO2/ZIF-8 membrane. This research can be used in the study of fiber membrane and oil–water separation.
Fragmented personhood: Ethical subjects with dementia in a Swiss nursing home
Authors: Wyssling Jago
Published: February 2025

Drawing on anthropological research conducted in public Swiss nursing homes, this paper explores how ethical subjects are constructed in interactions with people with dementia. The institutional ethical guidelines concerning resident autonomy are particularly challenging for nursing staff to follow when dealing with people with advanced dementia. For people with dementia to be able to participate in ethical life, nursing staff are called upon to account for residents on their behalf. This paper uses various observations to explore the construction of personhood in an institutional setting. In the paper, I distinguish between three frameworks of personhood: ‘momentary personhood’ grants autonomy, ‘social personhood’ demands accountability by the institution, and ‘biographical personhood’ presents coherence. Bringing together an anthropology of personhood, ethics and dementia, I argue that all the conditions of treating people with dementia as ethical subjects are met in this institutional setting. Personhood is actively (re-)constructed but remains fragmented and bound to the particular setting in which it is evoked. This paper contributes to questions of how people experience ethical lives and live under particular conditions of confinement and how formalised values of autonomy and care take on meaning in local settings.
Frequency of use metrics for American English person descriptors: Extensions of Roivainen’s internet search methodology
Authors: Condon David M. , McDougald Sarah , Altgassen Elisa
Published: February 2025

Personality traits are often measured using person-descriptive terms, but data are limited regarding the frequency of usage for these terms in everyday language. This project reports on the relative frequency of usage for a large pool of American English terms ( N = 18,241) using count estimates from search engine results and in books cataloged by Google. These estimates are based on the ngrams formed when each descriptor is combined with a common person-related noun (person, woman, man, girl, boy). Results are reported for each noun form and a frequency index in an online database that can be sorted, searched, and downloaded. We report on associations among the different noun forms and data types and propose recommendations for the use of these data in conjunction with other resources. In particular, we encourage collaborative approaches among research teams using large language models in psycholexical research related to personality structure.
A smartphone-based intervention to decrease neuroticism: Protocol of the CHILL Study
Authors: Haehner Peter , Wright Amanda J. , Andrae Rosalie , Lubczyk Till , Rosero Betancourt Leyla A , Hopwood Christopher J. , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: February 2025

Many people worldwide want to be less neurotic. As lower levels of neuroticism predict a variety of positive life outcomes, including health, success, and relationship quality, interventions that help people to become less neurotic could have wide-ranging impacts. This study protocol describes the rationale and design of the CHILL (Changing How I Live Life) Study, which aims to test and evaluate a smartphone-based intervention to reduce neuroticism in the general public. The CHILL Study comprises four survey assessments spread over 5 months, a 6-week intervention phase, and two 1-week experience sampling phases without interventions. During the intervention phase, participants motivated to become less neurotic are randomized to four core treatment groups. These treatment groups differ in their employed intervention strategies that target different aspects and levels of neuroticism. The CHILL Study moves beyond existing volitional personality change research by testing which strategies most effectively decrease neuroticism and evaluating the longevity and generalizability of intervention-induced neuroticism change via peer-reports, implicit personality assessments, and a 7-week follow-up period. The goals of the CHILL Study are to generate an effective method for decreasing neuroticism and facilitating the development of a comprehensive theory of neuroticism change.
For a new Dark Age in urban theory
Authors: Ponder Caroline S
Published: February 2025

In ‘On Resisting the Seduction of Theory’, Robert Lake suggests theory is not fit for purpose. In this commentary, I suggest theory doesn’t mean what he thinks it means and that his envisioned alternative of ‘doing’ won’t, in the current moment, produce the results he seeks. In lieu, I propose that an ethics of both knowing and doing might be what urban academics most need right now.
Unlocking dynamic capabilities: Pathways for empirical research
Authors: Schilke Oliver , Helfat Constance E.
Published: February 2025

The literature on dynamic capabilities has long faced the challenge of empirically investigating a concept that is inherently intangible, complex, and organization-specific. Empirical clarity is crucial because dynamic capabilities are argued to be essential for achieving sustainable competitive advantage in changing environments, and only empirical research can validate this claim. Despite significant advancements, issues related to measurement, methodologies, and the robustness of findings persist. This article addresses these concerns by offering key recommendations for empirical research in this domain. First, we underscore the importance of construct validity and the need for clear definitions and focused dimensions of dynamic capabilities. Second, we recommend empirical designs with time lags between the measurement of dynamic capabilities and their antecedents or outcomes, and sector-specific studies to capture the temporal dynamics and contextual nuances. Third, we encourage leveraging established survey measures, close proxies in archival research, and innovative experiments and qualitative methods. Finally, we highlight the potential of multimethod approaches to triangulate findings and enhance theoretical insight. Our hope is to help future researchers address the unique challenges of studying dynamic capabilities empirically, paving the way for continued progress in this significant field of strategic management.
Identification through a transcriptomic approach of candidate genes involved in the adaptation of the cyst nematode Globodera pallida to the potato resistance factor GpaVvrn
Authors: Lechevalier Océane , Gazengel Kévin , Esquibet Magali , Fournet Sylvain , Grenier Eric , Daval Stéphanie , Montarry Josselin
Published: February 2025

Background

Since the banning of chemical products used to control plant-parasitic nematode populations, the use of resistant plants has become the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. However, some populations, from experimental evolution setups and field samplings, are able to overcome these resistances. Herein, a transcriptomics approach was used to disentangle the mechanisms by which G. pallida adapts to the plant resistant factor GpaV

vrn
, and to elucidate the functions involved in this adaptation.

Results

Differential gene expression analysis between virulent and avirulent lineages originating from experimental evolution experiments identified candidate genes involved in the adaptation to GpaV

vrn
. GO enrichment analyses showed that virulent lineages up-regulated genes involved in cell wall destruction and stress response compared to avirulent lineages. In virulent lineages, a set of genes was up-regulated later in the parasitism stages and are thus potentially involved in adaptation. These genes encode effectors of the VAP and SPRYSEC families contributing to the suppression of plant immunity.

Conclusion

These results will have a major impact on our understanding of the mechanisms by which nematodes adapt to resistant plants, and will contribute to identify effective and sustainable management strategies.
Time-course RNA-seq analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) responses to Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) during compatible and incompatible interactions
Authors: Khanal Sameer , Kumar Pawan , da Silva Mychele B. , Singh Rippy , Suassuna Nelson , Jones Don C. , Davis Richard F. , Chee Peng W.
Published: February 2025

Background

The Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) poses a substantial threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by causing significant agricultural losses. Host plant resistance is the most plausible approach for minimizing these losses. QTL mapping and early transcriptomic studies have identified candidate genes within the QTL regions on chromosome 11 (qMi-C11) and chromosome 14 (qMi-C14). Although these QTL regions have been fine-mapped and candidate genes identified, expression profiling of Meloidogyne-Gossypium interactions across different stages of infection could further refine the list of candidate genes. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance conferred by qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 against Southern root-knot nematode.

Results

Using time-course RNA-seq analyses across nematode developmental phases, we uncovered transcriptomic events—both genome-wide and within QTL intervals—underlying defense responses during compatible interactions (with Cocker 201, a susceptible line) and incompatible interactions (with M-120 RNR, a resistant line). Basal defense responses were observed in both compatible and incompatible interactions, with stronger expression in the incompatible interaction. Nematode-responsive genes associated with defense pathways showed distinct dynamics, characterized by repression during compatible interactions and early induction, greater diversity, and heightened upregulation during incompatible interactions. This study uncovers a broad repertoire of disease resistance and putative resistance genes, as well as pathogenesis-related genes, ligands, and receptors, that are differentially expressed in response to nematode parasitism. Mapping of these genes across the cotton genome identified promising candidates, including Gh_A11G3090 (PUB21) and Gh_A11G2836 (RPPL1) within the chromosome 11 QTL region, andGh_D02G0257 (RLP12) and Gh_D02G0259 (RLP12) within the chromosome 14 QTL region.

Conclusions

The findings of this study deepen our understanding of host-nematode interactions, identify candidate genes for downstream applications, and contribute to advancements in resistance breeding and sustainable nematode management strategies.
Socio-economic position, area-level deprivation and gradients in cancer incidence: England and Wales, 1971–2016
Authors: Hiatt Robert A. , Xun Wei , Santiago-Rodríguez Eduardo J. , Pikhartova Jitka , Shelton Nicola
Published: February 2025

Background

Social gradients for cancer mortality and survival have been reported but are less clear for cancer incidence where social factors external to health care systems are likely to be of more etiologic importance.

Methods

We examined social gradients in cancer incidence using data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS), which selects an approximately 1.1% representative sample of the population of England and Wales. Data were analyzed for each successive ten-year census period from 1971–2011 with outcome data to 2016, the latest date available. Socioeconomic position of individuals was assessed using the National Statistics Socio-economic classification (NS-SEC). Areal level deprivation was measured using deciles of the Townsend Index. Cancer outcomes from the National Cancer Intelligence Network linked to the ONS-LS were examined for all cancers, and more common individual cancer sites. We used logistic regression to generate odds ratios to estimate the risk of a first incident cancer within each follow-up period.

Results

The 1971 ONS-LS census sample population initially comprised 257,803 individuals updated each census; and by 2016 137,755 incident cancer cases. Social gradients in cancer incidence were present for individual cancer sites of lung, stomach, and cervix for both individual and areal measures of socioeconomic standing with the least advantaged having higher incidence rates. Reverse gradients were present for prostate and breast cancers. The relationship of SES to increased cancer incidence for these common cancers is consistent with prior literature, but the striking gradients in these relationships reveal the strong association of SES factors with increasing social disadvantage for these cancers.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate the importance of socioeconomic position in the incidence of some common cancers prior to diagnosis and treatment and reinforces the need for further research to address the contribution of upstream social determinants in the etiology of cancer.
Transforming liver transplant allocation with artificial intelligence and machine learning: a systematic review
Authors: Pruinelli Lisiane , Balakrishnan Kiruthika , Ma Sisi , Li Zhigang , Wall Anji , Lai Jennifer C. , Schold Jesse D. , Pruett Timothy , Simon Gyorgy
Published: February 2025

Background

The principles of urgency, utility, and benefit are fundamental concepts guiding the ethical and practical decision-making process for organ allocation; however, LT allocation still follows an urgency model.

Aim

To identify and analyze data elements used in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, data sources, and their focus on urgency, utility, or benefit in LT.

Methods

A comprehensive search across Ovid Medline and Scopus was conducted for studies published from 2002 to June 2023. Inclusion criteria targeted quantitative studies using ML/AI for candidates, donors, or recipients. Two reviewers assessed eligibility and extracted data, following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

A total of 20 papers were included, synthesizing results into five major categories. Eight studies were led by a Spanish team, focusing on donor-recipient matching and proposing machine learning models to predict post- LT survival. Other international studies addressed organ supply-demand issues and developed predictive models to optimize LT outcomes. The studies highlight the potential of ML/AI to enhance LT allocation and outcomes. Despite advancements, limitations included the lack of robust transplant-related benefit models and improvements in urgency models compared to MELD.

Discussion

This review highlighted the potential of AI and ML to enhance liver transplant allocation and outcomes. Significant advancements were noted, but limitations such as the need for better urgency models and the absence of a transplant-related benefit model remain. Most studies emphasized utility, focusing on survival outcomes. Future research should address the interpretability and generalizability of these models to improve organ allocation and post-LT survival predictions.
Searching for potential Culicoides vectors of four orbiviruses in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Li Zhan Hong , Wang Yi Nan , Deng Jia Ming , Li Le , Yang Lian Jiang , Chen Xinq Qiang , Wang Wen Hua , Lu Fu You , Tang Zhong Jie , Wang Dong Mei , Duan Ying Liang
Published: February 2025

Background

Some species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) are major vectors for arboviruses, and Yunnan Province is a key area for arbovirus prevalence in China. Therefore, this study attempts to search for potential Culicoides vectors for the common orbiviruses bluetongue virus (BTV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), Palyam virus (PALV) and Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) in Yunnan Province, China.

Methods

Culicoides specimens were collected from 16 counties in Yunnan Province, China, using UV traps and tested for BTV, EHDV, PALV and TIBOV through one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 543 conspecific pools of Culicoides containing 9895 specimens were tested.

Results

A total of 46 species belonging to 8 subgenera and 2 groups were recognized. A total of 19 species and a Culicoides subgenus Trithecoides complex were tested using RT-qPCR. One pool of Culicoides shortti Smith & Swaminath and one pool of Culicoides orientalis Macfie tested positive for BTV, one pool of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer tested positive for PALV, and four pools of Culicoides jacobsoni Macfie tested positive for TIBOV. All the tested samples were negative for EHDV, and all the tested C. subgenus Trithecoides midges were negative for any virus.

Conclusions

Culicoides shortti was identified as a potential BTV vector for the first time. Culicoides jacobsoni was confirmed as a potential TIBOV vector and C. orientalis as a potential BTV vector. Culicoides oxystoma was also shown to be a natural carrier of PALV using the RT-qPCR method.

Graphical Abstract
Knowledge and practice among caregivers having children with autism in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Imran Md. , Islam Md. Saiful , Hossain Md. Sharif , Pardhan Shahina , Bari Nakiba , Zeba Zebunnesa
Published: February 2025

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a term used to describe a group of conditions characterized by difficulties with social skills, speech, repetitive behaviors, and nonverbal communication. There is no cure for autism, however, early diagnosis and intervention can increase the chance of treatment success. If parents or caregivers do not have sound knowledge about autism, problems can become more complicated. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice among caregivers having children with ASD in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 68 caregivers of children with ASD in the selected area of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh. The data were collected from May to June 2021 through face-to-face interviews by a semi-structured questionnaire including informed consent, socio-demographics, as well as questions regarding knowledge (12-item) and practice (6-item) towards children with ASD using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 25.0).

Results

The mean score of knowledge among caregivers having children with ASD was 7.16 (SD = 2.09) out of 12 (59.67%). The mean score of practice among caregivers having children with ASD was 3.16 (SD = 1.10) out of 6 (52.67%). There were no significant mean differences in the mean knowledge and practice scores among participants’ different socio-demographic categories. 95.6% of caregivers have not received any formal training to care for children with ASD, and more than half (57.4%) believed that mixing with good friends would make the necessary change in children with ASD. 97.1% of the children with ASD did not have any health insurance with 72.1% receiving government allowance for ASD.

Conclusions

The findings indicated inadequate knowledge and practice among caregivers of children with ASD. The study suggests an immediate health education program is needed, as well as appropriate practice for children with ASD in Bangladesh.
Unveiling antimicrobial stewardship competence among Italian nurses: results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Danielis Matteo , Buttiron Webber Tania , Barchielli Chiara , Mongardi Maria , Regano Domenico
Published: February 2025

Background

The development of nursing competencies in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is influenced by a two-dimensional model, encompassing both internal and environmental factors. In the context of Italian clinical nursing, this study aims to assess and measure these aspects.

Methods

Employing a cross-sectional online survey design, nurses from various clinical specialties in Italy were involved. The questionnaire assessed individual variables, knowledge, attitudes, practices, as well as structural and process-related variables influencing AMS. Statistical analyses were performed, encompassing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.

Results

A total of 1,651 nurses aswered the survey, with a participation rate of 50.8%. The participant demographic revealed that 77% were female, and they had an average of 15 years of experience. Workplace and regional factors were found to significantly impact both AMS practices and attitudes. Surgical nurses reported higher practices scores (β = 0.467, P <.01), while critical care nurses scored lower (β= -0.398, P <.01). Regarding perceptions of structure, workplace characteristics significantly influenced nurses’ scores, indicating lower perceptions among surgical nurses compared to their medical counterparts (β= -0.315, P <.01).

Conclusions

The study reveals the intricate interplay between internal and external factors that impact nurses’ AMS competence. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and education initiatives to enhance nurses’ AMS competencies. Specifically, addressing variations in settings and nurses’ behaviours becomes imperative for achieving improved patient outcomes.
Evaluating the predictive power of metacognitive reading strategies across diverse educational contexts
Authors: Ghimire Nirmal , Mokhtari Kouider
Published: February 2025

Background

Metacognitive reading strategies, such as monitoring and regulating one’s reading processes, are critical for enhancing reading comprehension and achievement. However, their effectiveness can vary across different educational contexts and student populations, necessitating flexible instructional approaches. This study examines the predictive utility of metacognitive reading strategies on metacognitive reading skills and reading achievement scores using data from the PISA 2018 assessment. Specifically, it compares the effectiveness of these strategies across four distinct educational contexts: the United States, OECD countries, non-OECD countries that participated in the assessment (Partner Countries), and the census data (Full Sample).

Methods

A multi-stage analytical approach was used, combining Random Forest models for feature importance analysis with survey-weighted linear regression to assess the relationships of reading strategies on metacognitive skills and reading achievement. The analysis utilized data from the PISA 2018 Student Questionnaire, which included responses from 612,004 students across 79 countries. The study focused on three key metacognitive reading skills: Understanding and Remembering, Summarizing, and Assessing Credibility, as well as reading achievement scores based on ten plausible values.

Results

The Random Forest analysis identified several metacognitive reading strategies as consistent predictors of metacognitive reading skills, with some variations in relative importance by educational setting. Notable metacognitive reading strategies included underlining important parts of the text, carefully checking the representation of important facts in summaries, and verifying information on websites. These strategies showed a positive correlation with higher metacognitive skills and overall reaching achievement. The direction of the relationships between metacognitive reading strategies, metacognitive skills, and reading achievement scores was consistent across contexts, indicating a modest yet significant association between strategy use and both outcomes.

Conclusions

This study enhances our understanding of how metacognitive reading strategies influence reading skills and achievement in diverse educational settings. The findings highlight the potential benefits of reinforcing specific strategies to support students' reading comprehension. Given the consistent positive relationships between strategy use, metacognitive skills, and reading achievement, targeted interventions to promote these strategies could effectively improve reading comprehension across diverse educational contexts.
Utility and usability of a dengue NS1 rapid diagnostic as a self-test
Authors: Zulkifli Nurfatihah , Che-Kamaruddin Naim , Hazan Atiqah , Kim-Kee Tan , Rajagopal Sivalingam , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: February 2025

Background

Early detection of dengue fever is pivotal to help differentiate against other febrile illnesses, especially in the dengue-endemic regions. Currently, febrile patients would have to go to the healthcare facility to get tested for dengue. A diagnostic approach that empowers febrile persons to perform their own tests is needed. Here, we evaluated the utility and the usability of the dengue NS1 rapid diagnostic test and whether it could be accepted as a home self-test. A lateral flow immunochromatography test (ICT) using DENV NS1 was converted to a possible self-test kit by providing the kit with a test device, an alcohol swab, a lancet, a disposable dropper, an assay buffer, and a test manual.

Methods

Twenty volunteers were recruited for this study. The participants performed the self-test under the observation of trained observers who recorded if any procedural error was committed. The results of each test were interpreted by the participants using a given interpretation table.

Results

Ninety-five percent (95%) of the study participants found the instruction manual was easy to follow and 70% felt the test kit was easy to use. Additionally, 80% of the participants successfully obtained the expected results. A majority (80%) would consider using the test kit if needed and would recommend it to family members and friends. Seventy percent (70%) of the participants, most of whom with monthly income of less than USD417, were willing to pay less than USD2 for the test kit.

Conclusion

Findings from the study suggested that a self-test diagnostic for dengue fever is highly acceptable and, hence, could be a viable approach for the early detection of the infection.

Trial registration MRECID.NO: 2022628-11345.
Clinical Behavior of Breast Cancer in Young
BRCA
Carriers and Prediagnostic Awareness of Germline
BRCA
Status
Authors: Lambertini Matteo , Blondeaux Eva , Tomasello Loredana M. , Agostinetto Elisa , Hamy Anne-Sophie , Kim Hee Jeong , Franzoi Maria Alice , Bernstein-Molho Rinat , Hilbers Florentine , Pogoda Katarzyna , Wildiers Hans , Bajpai Jyoti , Ignatiadis Michail , Moore Halle C.F. , Partridge Ann H. , Phillips Kelly-Anne , Toss Angela , Rousset-Jablonski Christine , Criscitiello Carmen , Renaud Tiphaine , Ferrari Alberta , Paluch-Shimon Shani , Fruscio Robert , Cui Wanda , Wong Stephanie M. , Vernieri Claudio , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Matikas Alexios , Rozenblit Mariya , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , De Marchis Laura , Puglisi Fabio , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A. , Duhoux Francois P. , Livraghi Luca , Bruzzone Marco , Boni Luca , Balmaña Judith
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

To investigate the clinical behavior of breast cancer in young
BRCA
carriers according to the specific
BRCA
gene (
BRCA1 v BRCA2
) and the association of the timing of genetic testing (before
v
at diagnosis) with prognosis.

METHODS

This was an international, multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective cohort study that included 4,752 patients harboring germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in
BRCA1
or
BRCA2
, who were diagnosed with stage I-III invasive breast cancer at 40 years or younger between January 2000 and December 2020 in 78 centers worldwide (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03673306
).

RESULTS

Compared with
BRCA2
carriers (n = 1,683),
BRCA1
carriers (n = 3,069) had more frequently hormone receptor–negative (74.4%
v
15.5%) and high-grade (77.5%
v
49.1%) tumors. Similar outcomes were observed in
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
carriers but with a different pattern and risk of disease-free survival events over time. Compared with patients tested for
BRCA
at diagnosis (ie, between 2 months before and up to 6 months after diagnosis; n = 1,671), those tested before diagnosis (ie, any time up to 2 months before diagnosis; n = 411) had smaller tumors (T1: 61.3%
v
32.4%), less nodal involvement (N0: 65.9%
v
50.8%), less frequently received chemotherapy (84.4%
v
92.9%), and axillary dissection (37.5%
v
47.4%). Patients tested before diagnosis had better overall survival (OS; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.92]); however, this result lost statistical significance after adjustment for potential confounders including tumor stage (adjusted HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.47 to 1.15]).

CONCLUSION

This global study provides evidence on the different clinical behavior of breast cancer in young
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
carriers. Identifying a
BRCA
PV in healthy individuals was associated with earlier-stage breast cancer diagnosis and lower treatment burden, as well as better unadjusted OS.
TC10 on endosomes regulates the local balance between microtubule stability and dynamics through the PAK2-JNK pathway and promotes axon outgrowth
Authors: Koinuma Shingo , Miyaji Misa , Akiyama Suzuka , Ito Yasuyuki , Takemura Hiroshi , Wada Naoyuki , Igarashi Michihiro , Nakamura Takeshi
Published: February 2025

The neuronal cytoskeleton comprises microtubules, actin filaments and neurofilaments, and plays a crucial role in axon outgrowth and transport. Microtubules and actin filaments have attracted considerable attention in axon regeneration studies. We have previously shown that TC10 (also known as RhoQ), a Rho family GTPase that promotes axon outgrowth through membrane addition, is required for efficient axon regeneration. This study demonstrates that TC10 on recycling endosomes, but not on the plasma membrane, balances microtubule stability and dynamics in the axons, thereby counteracting axon retraction. TC10 ablation reduced the phosphorylation of SCG10 (also known as STMN2) and MAP1B, which are neuronal microtubule-binding proteins and JNK substrates. Consistent with this, JNK phosphorylation was decreased in TC10-knockout neurons compared to in wild-type neurons. Furthermore, TC10 deletion significantly reduced PAK2 autophosphorylation. PAK2 was found on Rab11-positive endosomes in cell bodies and axons, and its localization to endosomes was reduced by TC10 loss. PAK inhibition reduced tubulin acetylation and JNK phosphorylation in axons. Furthermore, MKK4 and MKK7 (also known as MAP2K4 and MAP2K7, respectively) were found to mediate signaling from TC10-activated PAK to JNK on JIP1-positive endosomes. Overall, TC10 transmits a microtubule-regulatory signal from PAK2 to SCG10 and MAP1B via JNK on axonal endosomes.
Exploring antecedents of built environment for walkability of older adults: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rao Akshatha , Nandineni Rama Devi
Published: February 2025

Background This systematic literature review (SLR) explores how urban design influences walking access in the built environment for walking of older adults, summarizing existing studies. Examining various theories, it analyses themes like safety, security, comfort, convenience, aesthetics, governance, and policy frameworks. By critically reviewing the literature, it seeks to understand current research trends and suggest future directions. Methods The study employs an evidence-based systematic approach, following the standard procedure of SLR to identify relevant studies and extract information. Results It was found that five prominent theories dominated research literature: Active Aging Framework (AAF) (35.4%), Social-Ecological Model of Health Promotion (SEMHP) (25%), Community-Engaged Urban Design Theory (CEUDT) (18%), Neighbourhood Social Environment Theory (NSET) (11%), and the fifth Ecological Model of Aging (EMA) (8%). Empirical research dominated (37.5%), followed by grounded theory (20.8%), case study (18.8%), comparative study (12.5%), document analysis (8.3%), and analytical research (2.1%) in terms of the research type. The SLR revealed that most research uses empirical methods and focuses on applying existing theories. Conclusions It identifies opportunities for future research, suggesting areas for model integration, advancement, and application. Notably, it highlights the potential of combining the two most relevant theories for interventions promoting older adults’ health through walkable environments. This review can aid practitioners and researchers in identifying the theoretical underpinning of key factors for designing walkable cities that cater to older adults’ needs. A potential limitation is its focus on dominant theories, excluding others that might offer valuable insights.
Interleaved Quadratic Boost DC-DC Converter with Extended Voltage Gain and Reduced Switch Voltage Stress for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Cordeiro Armando , Gambôa Paulo , Rocha Luis , Barata Filipe , Fernando Silva José , F. Martins João , Fernão Pires Vitor
Published: February 2025

Background DC-DC power converters are essential devices in the modern world, playing a crucial role in managing the power supply from different power sources converting and adapting voltage levels. These power converters are fundamental to numerous applications, from charging your mobile phone to powering different types of machinery. Lately, due to climate change problems and the floating nature of most renewable power sources, they are essential to a carbon-free world and zero emissions target. Methods Our investigation method was based on an initial theoretical approach using mathematical equations to describe the operation of the electrical circuit and evaluate the performance compared to other topologies, followed by the validation through some computational simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Next, the operation of the proposed converter was also confirmed by several experimental tests using a laboratory prototype developed exclusively for these tests. Results Based on the achieved results, an efficiency analysis was performed showing that in addition to high-voltage gain, from the range of six to eight times the input voltage, the converter maintains a very high efficiency, around 95% to 96% up to a duty cycle of 0.50, where a voltage gain of 5.82 is achieved in a real setup Also, the optimal operating point was identified, based on the duty cycle, where the converter operates at maximum efficiency. Conclusions In conclusion, it is possible to claim that the proposed converter presents a stable and efficient operation and has a very high potential for applications that require high-voltage gain, such as photovoltaic solar systems or even electrical vehicles or energy storage systems. Other relevant aspect is the reduced value of capacitors, due to the interleaved operation, leading to reduced stress over capacitors and distributed voltage over them.
Entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium pingshaense increases susceptibility to insecticides in highly resistant malaria mosquitoes Anopheles coluzzii
Authors: Lamy Doubé Lucien , Gnambani Edounou Jacques , Sare Issiaka , Millogo Souro Abel , Sodre Fatimata Aïcha , Namountougou Moussa , Viana Mafalda , Baldini Francesco , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Bilgo Etienne
Published: February 2025

Background Metarhizium spp. based mosquito control products are among the most investigated and could potentially serve as promising complements to chemical insecticides. However, limited knowledge exists on the implementation of this biocontrol tool in conjunction with primary insecticide-based strategies to achieve synergy. Methods In laboratory bioassays, we combined 107 conidia/ml native Metarhizium pingshaense strains with deltamethrin standard dose in three ways, before, after or simultaneously. These combinations were tested on laboratory insecticide resistant Anopheles coluzzii. Results We found that Metarhizium pingshaense and deltamethrin could be combined to achieve greater mortality against a highly insecticide resistance colony of Anopheles coluzzii. When mosquitoes were exposed to both simultaneously, no effect was observed, as expected for an insecticide resistant colony. However, when fungi were applied earlier than deltamethrin, mosquitoes became more sensitive to insecticide with a minimum Lethal Time to kill at least 50% of mosquito population (LT50) less than 8 days. In addition, when deltamethrin exposure was followed by Metarhizium infection, mosquito survival was similar to Metarhizium alone LT50 (LT50 ~11 days). Conclusion These findings suggest that early mosquito infection to Metarhizium pingshaense followed by chemical insecticide exposure synergically improve mosquito control in the laboratory.