bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting temporal relationships between weakly coupled peptidergic and motoneuronal signaling: Application to Drosophila ecdysis behavior
Authors: Piñeiro Miguel , Mena Wilson , Ewer John , Orio Patricio
Published: December 2021

Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, and the resulting behavior, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative framework to study the relationships between the temporal pattern of activity of peptidergic neurons and of motoneurons during Drosophila ecdysis behavior, a highly stereotyped motor sequence that is critical for insect growth. We analyzed, in the time and frequency domains, simultaneous intracellular calcium recordings of peptidergic CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons and motoneurons obtained from isolated central nervous systems throughout fictive ecdysis behavior induced ex vivo by Ecdysis triggering hormone. We found that the activity of both neuronal populations is tightly coupled in a cross-frequency manner, suggesting that CCAP neurons modulate the frequency of motoneuron firing. To explore this idea further, we used a probabilistic logistic model to show that calcium dynamics in CCAP neurons can predict the oscillation of motoneurons, both in a simple model and in a conductance-based model capable of simulating many features of the observed neural dynamics. Finally, we developed an algorithm to quantify the motor behavior observed in videos of pupal ecdysis, and compared their features to the patterns of neuronal calcium activity recorded ex vivo. We found that the motor activity of the intact animal is more regular than the motoneuronal activity recorded from ex vivo preparations during fictive ecdysis behavior; the analysis of the patterns of movement also allowed us to identify a new post-ecdysis phase.
Statistical tests for intra-tumour clonal co-occurrence and exclusivity
Authors: Kuipers Jack , Moore Ariane L. , Jahn Katharina , Schraml Peter , Wang Feng , Morita Kiyomi , Futreal P. Andrew , Takahashi Koichi , Beisel Christian , Moch Holger , Beerenwinkel Niko
Published: December 2021

Tumour progression is an evolutionary process in which different clones evolve over time, leading to intra-tumour heterogeneity. Interactions between clones can affect tumour evolution and hence disease progression and treatment outcome. Intra-tumoural pairs of mutations that are overrepresented in a co-occurring or clonally exclusive fashion over a cohort of patient samples may be suggestive of a synergistic effect between the different clones carrying these mutations. We therefore developed a novel statistical testing framework, called GeneAccord, to identify such gene pairs that are altered in distinct subclones of the same tumour. We analysed our framework for calibration and power. By comparing its performance to baseline methods, we demonstrate that to control type I errors, it is essential to account for the evolutionary dependencies among clones. In applying GeneAccord to the single-cell sequencing of a cohort of 123 acute myeloid leukaemia patients, we find 1 clonally co-occurring and 8 clonally exclusive gene pairs. The clonally exclusive pairs mostly involve genes of the key signalling pathways.
Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18
Authors: Banerjee Snigdha , Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Shobhit , Banerjee Adrita
Published: December 2021

Background

With the increase in elderly population, the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among Indian older adults is also increasing. The present paper tries to assess how different anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity affects cardiovascular disease risk among older adults in India.

Methods

The data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) has been used. The total sample size for the present study is 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression has been used to measure the association of obesity measures and CVD prevalence.

Results

About 35.2% (n = 11,058) of the older adults suffered from CVD. Moreover, 22.2% (n = 6,217) of the older adults were obese/overweight, 23.7% (n = 6,651) had high risk waist circumference and 77.0% (n = 21,593) had high risk waist-Hip ratio. The likelihood of CVD was 60%, 50%, and 34% significantly higher among older adults who were obese/overweight [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.60; CI: 1.48–1.72], had high risk waist circumference [AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.39–1.62] and high risk waist-Hip ratio [AOR: 1.34; CI: 1.25–1.44], respectively compared to older adults with normal BMI and those who do not have a high risk waist circumference and high risk waist hip ratio. Moreover, older adults who never did physical activity had 22 per cent higher risk of CVD than those who did frequent [AOR: 1.22; CI: 1.13–1.32] physical activity.

Conclusion

The burden of overweight and obesity along with physical inactivity increases the risk of CVD in older adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for framing direct and indirect strategies to control obesity in order to reduce the burden of CVD among older adults in India.
Using semantics to scale up evidence-based chemical risk-assessments
Authors: Blake Catherine , Flaws Jodi A.
Published: December 2021

Background

The manual processes used for risk assessments are not scaling to the amount of data available. Although automated approaches appear promising, they must be transparent in a public policy setting.

Objective

Our goal is to create an automated approach that moves beyond retrieval to the extraction step of the information synthesis process, where evidence is characterized as supporting, refuting, or neutral with respect to a given outcome.

Methods

We combine knowledge resources and natural language processing to resolve coordinated ellipses and thus avoid surface level differences between concepts in an ontology and outcomes in an abstract. As with a systematic review, the search criterion, and inclusion and exclusion criterion are explicit.

Results

The system scales to 482K abstracts on 27 chemicals. Results for three endpoints that are critical for cancer risk assessments show that refuting evidence (where the outcome decreased) was higher for cell proliferation (45.9%), and general cell changes (37.7%) than for cell death (25.0%). Moreover, cell death was the only end point where supporting claims were the majority (61.3%). If the number of abstracts that measure an outcome was used as a proxy for association there would be a stronger association with cell proliferation than cell death (20/27 chemicals). However, if the amount of supporting evidence was used (where the outcome increased) the conclusion would change for 21/27 chemicals (20 from proliferation to death and 1 from death to proliferation).

Conclusions

We provide decision makers with a visual representation of supporting, neutral, and refuting evidence whilst maintaining the reproducibility and transparency needed for public policy. Our findings show that results from the retrieval step where the number of abstracts that measure an outcome are reported can be misleading if not accompanied with results from the extraction step where the directionality of the outcome is established.
Implications of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants on treatment outcomes in methadone-maintained patients in Ontario: Exploring sex differences
Authors: Chawar Caroul , Hillmer Alannah , Lamri Amel , Kapczinski Flavio , Thabane Lehana , Pare Guillaume , Samaan Zainab
Published: December 2021

Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect. This study aims to test the associations between pre-selected SNPs of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 and outcomes of continued opioid use, relapse, and methadone dose. It also aims to observe differences in associations within the sexes. 1,172 participants treated with methadone (nMale = 666, nFemale = 506) were included in this study. SNPs rs73568641 and rs7451325 from OPRM1 and all the tested CYP2B6 SNPs were detected to be in high linkage disequilibrium. Though no associations were found to be significant, noteworthy differences were observed in associations of OPRM1 rs73568641 and CYP2B6 rs3745274 with treatment outcomes between males and females. Further research is needed to determine if sex-specific differences are present.
Prevalence, incidence and predictors of renal impairment in persons with HIV receiving protease-inhibitors in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mapesi Herry , Okuma James , Franzeck Fabian , Wilson Herieth Ismael , Senkoro Elizabeth , Byakuzana Theonestina , Ndege Robert , Vanobberghen Fiona , Glass Tracy Renée , Battegay Manuel , Weisser Maja , Paris Daniel Henry ,   on behalf of the KIULARCO Study Group
Published: December 2021

Objective

Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (bPI) in people living with HIV (PLWH) have been associated with renal impairment. Limited data are available from rural sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

Using data from the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort Study (KIULARCO) in rural Tanzania from 2005-01/2020, we assessed the prevalence of renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2) at the time of switch from first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) to bPI-regimen and the incidence of renal impairment on bPI. We assessed risk factors for renal impairment using logistic and Cox regression models.

Results

Renal impairment was present in 52/687 PLWH (7.6%) at the switch to bPI. Among 556 participants with normal kidney function at switch, 41 (7.4%) developed renal impairment after a median time of 3.5 (IQR 1.6–5.1) years (incidence 22/1,000 person-years (95%CI 16.1–29.8)). Factors associated with renal impairment at switch were older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.55 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.15–2.11), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (aOR 2.80 versus ≥18kg/m2; 95%CI 1.28–6.14) and arterial hypertension (aOR 2.33; 95%CI 1.03–5.28). The risk of renal impairment was lower with increased duration of ART use (aOR 0.78 per one-year increase; 95%CI 0.67–0.91). The renal impairment incidence under bPI was associated with older age (adjusted hazard ratio 2.01 per 10 years; 95%CI 1.46–2.78).

Conclusions

In PLWH in rural sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence and incidence of renal impairment among those who were switched from first-line to bPI-regimens were high. We found associations between renal impairment and older age, arterial hypertension, low BMI and time on ART.
McLuhan | Havelock | metaphysics
Authors: Chrystall Andrew B.
Published: December 2021

The McLuhan Havelock correspondence turns on a question about the meaning(s) of events that transpired in Greece during the Archaic and High-Classical period – perhaps the only time and circumstance in which the metaphysical and independent human being had been able to manifest themself amidst the vast amorphous resonance of tribal culture. Here, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary issue of Explorations in Media Ecology, this article uses the correspondence between two leading figures in the Media Ecology (anti-)canon as a leaping off point to talk about metaphysics and media. The focus is McLuhan. This article offers a portrait that shows the significance, if not centrality, of (Christian) metaphysics to McLuhan’s project, and how his metaphysical commitments inform and shape his ethics, politics and pedagogy. This article also makes the claims that: (1) McLuhan, in his theory and practice, asserted the primacy of mediation with respect to thinking about being and knowing, and (2) McLuhan’s insertion of media into metaphysics stands as an invitation to revisit and revise the history of metaphysics, especially when, under digital conditions, the merging of all pasts and presents is well advanced.
In Paniza
Authors: Gutiérrez González Ramón
Published: December 2021

En el epigrama In Paniza, atribuido a Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, se agradece a Juan Domínguez de Paniza la donación a la Biblioteca del Real Colegio de España de un ejemplar de la Gramática Castellana de Nebrija; este impreso forma hoy en día la primera unidad codicológica del Cod. 132 de la mencionada biblioteca. El léxico rebuscado y el manierismo de este epigrama hace difícil su comprensión; por ello hemos tratado de elucidarlo mediante algunas consideraciones léxicas, sintácticas y estilísticas
A Metamorphosis flaminis in gallum
Authors: Abrantes Miguel Carvalho
Published: December 2021

Nas margens de um manuscrito medieval das Metamorfoses de Ovídio, hoje conhecido como “Patetta 314”, pode ser encontrado um poema pseudo-ovidiano medieval a que foi dado o nome latino de Metamorphosis flaminis in gallum. Este artigo apresenta uma tradução portuguesa do poema original, como introdução para uma nova proposta relativa ao objectivo com que este foi incluído quase entre os versos do poema ovidiano original.
La tragedia griega en Educación Primaria: Antígona y la educación cívica
Authors: Pablo Esther Jiménez , García Gemma Muñoz
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza el potencial didáctico de la tragedia griega como recurso docente en Educación Primaria en España, a través de la obra “Antígona” de Sófocles, desde un enfoque de mejora de las competencias sociales y cívicas. La originalidad de este estudio reside en la hipótesis de que la inclusión en el aula de la tragedia griega a edades tempranas, permitiría al alumnado valorar la herencia cultural griega en el presente, así como comenzar a madurar el pensamiento crítico, a través de la identificación de problemáticas sociales derivadas de la guerra, la represión, la esclavitud, la injusticia o las desigualdades. Se efectúa un análisis comparativo entre las exigencias curriculares en cuestiones cívicas y las competencias que alcanzaría el alumnado incluyendo la tragedia griega en el ámbito escolar.
La tutela imperial de los indígenas en el Segundo Imperio Mexicano (1864–1866)
Authors: Ramírez Bañuelos Jesús Francisco
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo estudia la estrategia de orden social imperial de protección tutelar a los indígenas en el Segundo Imperio Mexicano. Se pretende documentar cómo el emperador Maximiliano actuó para proteger a los indígenas clasificándolos legalmente como clases menesterosas, así como para resolver los conflictos de los pueblos indígenas entre sí y entre pueblos indígenas y particulares en un sistema similar al que prevaleció en la Nueva España.
Alternancias en la vibrante simple en cinco regiones geolectales de Cuba
Authors: Rédei Roland
Published: December 2021

Los alófonos de las líquidas en la región del Caribe no son un tema descuidado entre los fonetistas siendo estos sonidos, quizás, los más relevantes a la hora de determinar los diferentes dialectos locales. Sin embargo, las investigaciones concernientes, tal vez por las diferencias en sus métodos o por la multiplicidad del corpus que examinen, a menudo son contradictorias en sus resultados. Centrándose en las diferentes realizaciones de la vibrante simple en la isla de Cuba, el presente trabajo se quiere posicionar en el espectro extenso de las obras ya publicadas para funcionar como mediador entre ellas, y como tal, tiene como objetivo buscar correspondencias, diferencias, y, antes que nada, plantear preguntas. Justo por eso, el presente trabajo empieza con un breve repaso histórico y bibliográfico sobre el comportamiento de la vibrante en el Caribe (primer capítulo), para luego dar lugar a la parte dedicada a la metodología (segundo capítulo) donde se presentan los factores que determinan los aspectos principales del análisis (tercer capítulo), el pilar fundamental del estudio. En dicho análisis, que se basa en datos obtenidos de una serie de entrevistas con residentes de las diferentes provincias de Cuba, se examinará la proporción de las realizaciones normativas de la vibrante simple junto con sus variantes según zonas geográficas, indicadores sociales y la posición de estos sonidos dentro de la palabra. Finalmente, por medio de la presente, se quiere dar una respuesta aproximada a la pregunta de si se puede trazar isoglosas, diferentes de las existentes, a base de las alternancias en las vibrantes en el habla cotidiana de Cuba.
DIETARY HABITS AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION OF OLDER BRAZILIAN ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY (2013)
Authors: Alves Valle E. , Vaz de Melo Mambrini J. , Viana Peixoto S. , Carvalho Malta D. , de Oliveira C. , Lima-Costa M.F.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To compare the consumption of selected healthy and unhealthy food groups among elderly Brazilians with daily living activity limitations relative to those with no limitations. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally representative survey. Setting: The Brazilian National Health Survey, conducted in 2013. Subjects: 11,177 Brazilians aged 60 and over. Results: The prevalence of daily living limitations was 29% (95% CI 27.6,30.5). The consumption of daily meat, beans on a regular basis, and recommended fruit and vegetables intake were 67.1% (95% CI 66.5,68.7), 71.3% (95% CI 69.9,72.8) and 37.3% (95% CI 35.6,39.9), respectively. Compared to those without functional limitation, the consumption of these three food groups was significantly lower among those older adults with functional limitation (Prevalence Ratio = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80,0.98; 0.90, 95% CI 0.82,0.99 and PR 0.86, 95% CI, 0.76,0.96, respectively), independently of age, sex, marital status, living arrangements and education. Level of education showed a strong positive association with fruit and vegetable consumption, and a negative association with bean consumption, a staple diet in Brazil. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for public health policies to increase consumption healthy food consumption among those older adults with functional limitations, especially fruit and vegetable intake among those who have low education levels.
ATROPHIC GASTRITIS (AG) AND ITS CLINICAL SEQUELS AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE IN FINLAND AND ESTONIA. A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING GASTROPANEL AND B12- VITAMIN TESTING OF THE RESIDENTS IN ASSISTED-HOUSING FACILITIES
Authors: Aine R. , Kahar E. , Aitokari K. , Salminen J. , Eklund C. , Paloheimo L. , Peetsalu A. , Syrjänen K.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Atrophic gastritis (AG) is associated with severe clinical sequels, including malabsorption of vitamin-B12, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, with potential to develop irreversible neurological complications (e.g. dementia). To assess the prevalence of AG and its clinical sequels by serum biomarker testing and B12-vitamin measurement in elderly people in Estonia and Finland. Methods: In total, 209 residents of assisted-housing facilities (mean age 82 years) were screened by GastroPanel (Biohit Oyj, Finland) and active B12-vitamin test, the results linked with their medical history. Results: Study subjects in Tampere (n=106) and Tartu (n=103) differed in many characteristics of their medical history, including previously diagnosed B12-vitamin deficiency (p=0.006). Data requested for GastroPanel testing disclosed significantly less use of PPI medication and B12-vitamin supplementation in Tartu (p=0.0001). GastroPanel diagnostic profile (5 categories) was significantly different (p=0.0001), most markedly the HP-prevalence (all cases) (52.4%% vs 24.5%). AG in Finland (12.3%) and Estonia (15.6%) was not different (p=0.494), but manifest B12-vitamin deficiency was more common in Tartu (23.3% vs. 3.8%)(p=0.0001). Of all known complications of AG, only i) the diagnosed vitamin B12 deficiency (OR=3.5), and ii) diagnosed pernicious anaemia (OR=9.4) were significantly associated with AG. Conclusions: In Estonia, the majority (92%) of B12-vitamin deficient cases remained undiagnosed as compared to Finland (23.5%). To prevent irreversible complications, early diagnosis and adequate supplementation of vitamin B12 deficiency is essential. This is best done by detecting the subjects at risk (AG patients) by targeted GastroPanel screening, even years before the development of protean clinical manifestations.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PRACTICE, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING FOOD HABITS AND MEAL PATTERNS AMONG COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Johannesson J. , Rothenberg E. , Dahlin Ivanoff S. , Slinde F.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To study gender differences in older adults according to practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding food habits and meal patterns. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants: A total of 297 individuals were included, 102 men and 195 women. They were 80 years or older and living in ordinary housing without being dependent upon the municipal home help services or help from another person in Activities of Daily Life, and cognitively intact, defined as having a score of 25 or higher in the Mini Mental State Examination. Measurements: Telephone interviews regarding food habits and meal patterns were conducted. Results: Almost all participants (99%) ate their main meal at home and men preferred company at meals more often (p<0.001). Women had the sole responsibility to shop for food more often (p<0.000), and generally regarded cooking as a routine or something they just had to do. Among men, few (13%) took a great interest in cooking and 36 % of the men stated that cooking was something they were not capable of performing (p<0.000). Men had company at meals every day more often (71% vs 40%). Respondents stated that loneliness took away the enjoyment of cooking and changed their habits when becoming a widow or widower. Conclusion: Women take greater responsibility for the household than men, regardless of marital status. A large proportion of the men thought cooking was something they were not able to do. The findings in this study may indicate a possible gender difference in the need for societal support.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Recently Developed Rotary File: AF Rotary
Authors: Seracchiani Marco , Donfrancesco Orlando , Relucenti Michela , Reda Rodolfo , Zanza Alessio , Gambarini Gianluca , Testarelli Luca
Published: December 2021

Objective: Aim of the present study is to evaluate mechanical properties of a newly developed rotary file, AF Rotary (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China), and to compare these features with a worldwide spread rotary file, Protaper Gold F2 (PTG F2; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Material and Methods: 60 AF Rotary 25.06 and 60 PTG F2 were divided in three groups of 20 files each. A group underwent to cyclic fatigue resistance tests, second group underwent to torsional resistance tests, third group underwent to bending tests. The statistical analysis was performed using t student test with significance level set at 95% (p < 0.05). Results: AF Rotary showed significantly higher torsional resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance (p < 0.05) when compared to the PTG F2. AF Rotary also showed significantly lower bending resistance (p < 0.05) when compared to the PTG F2. Conclusion: Therefore, within the limitations of this study, the results show better performances for AF Rotary compared to PTG F2 regarding the cyclic fatigue test, the torsional test and the bending test. Since the PTG F2 is a commonly used and widely investigated instrument it could be possible to state that the AF Rotary exhibits remarkable in vitro performances.
 
Keywords
AF Rotary; Protaper gold; NiTi rotary instruments; Cyclic fatigue; Torsional resistance.
revisão crítica acerca da expropriação de direitos sociais e da saúde no capitalismo contemporâneo
Authors: Pinheiro Cavalcante Costa Alexsandra , Mendes Áquilas
Published: December 2021

Neste estudo, busca-se compreender de que forma a discussão da expropriação de direitos sociais, em particular, o direito à saúde no capitalismo contemporâneo, está sendo abordada pelas produções científicas marxistas. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática crítica a partir de 17 Revistas marxistas. A estratégia de busca foi construída com os termos livres: expropriação; direitos sociais; direito à saúde; Estado Social; capitalismo contemporâneo; acumulação primitiva. Após os processos de seleção, 15 artigos foram escolhidos e discutidos com base em três dimensões de análise: expropriação e direitos sociais; expropriação e direito à saúde; e expropriação e capitalismo contemporâneo. Empreendeu-se uma análise a partir do materialismo histórico-dialético e de sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica, que encontra bases na razão dialética da teoria social crítica. A partir dos resultados encontrados nesta revisão, pode-se concluir que os mecanismos de expropriação utilizados pelo capital, no capitalismo contemporâneo, têm no Estado o seu garantidor, por meio do fundo público como protetor do sistema financeiro, usurpando recursos orçamentários das políticas públicas ou por via da privatização, com estímulo ao mercado livre da saúde e à entrega da gestão dos serviços públicos de saúde ao setor privado.
Reflexiones desde la pedagogía feminista. Sorteando la ceguera de género en las Ciencias Económicas
Authors: Pagura María Fernanda , Logiodice Luisina
Published: December 2021

Tal como lo demuestran múltiples investigaciones, los discursos y prácticas educativas universitarias producen saberes y mandatos atravesados por el androcentrismo y sexismo, de los que no quedan exentasla economía y la administración. Complejizar el abordaje disciplinar de las problemáticas sociales desde la perspectiva de género invita a leer el mundo en clave de relaciones de poder que se expresan en los nichosde injusticia social, económica, política y sexual. Para ello, es necesario no solo analizar aquello que se dice acerca del mundo en términos discursivos, sino también atender a los procedimientos que juegan en laproducción científica. En este sentido, es posible señalar que la crítica epistemológica y metodológica al enfoque dominante en dichas disciplinas constituye un paso indispensable para el desarrollo de la perspectiva feminista en las facultades de Ciencias Económicas.Este trabajo recupera, en clave de género, el recorrido de los dos últimos años de la cátedra Metodología de la Investigación que se dicta en el 3er. año de las carreras Lic. en Economía y Lic. en Administración de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la UNL (Santa Fe, Argentina).

Interesa mostrar, primeramente, el posicionamiento epistemológico feminista que se plasma en la propuesta didáctico pedagógica de la materia y que dialoga con los decires del estudiantado. En segundo lugar, explicitar algunas formas de materialización del sexismo en el curriculum prescripto, oculto y nulo en la formación profesional.
Teknologi Biodrying untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Kalor Sampah dan Proyeksinya sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif pada Tahun 2028
Authors: Fiki Anindi Cita , Hadiwododo Mochtar , Zaman Badrus , Zaman Badrus
Published: December 2021

Timbulan municipal solid waste (MSW) akibat industrialisasi, urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk telah menimbulkan masalah tentang kerusakan lingkungan dan bahaya kesehatan manusia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. MSW yang mudah terbakar memiliki kandungan proksimat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui recovery energi dengan metode bio-drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah MSW menggunakan biodrying dan menghitung potensi MSW sebagai bahan bakar alternative. MSW dari Jatibarang landfill diolah dalam reaktor bio-drying dengan debit aerasi sebesar 6 L/m selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suhu puncak mencapai 58⁰C pada hari pertama. Kadar air mengalami penurunan hingga 44,65% pada hari ke-21. Nilai kalor mengalami kenaikan 28% dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 6.049 kal/gr. Produk biodrying dari MSW Jatibarang landfill memiliki potensi 138% sebagai bahan bakar industry.  Potensi penggunaan produk biodrying 100% tercapai pada tahun 2030 bulan ke-6 sebesar 638.367 ton.ABSTRACTMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and population growth has created problems of environmental damage and human health hazards, especially in developing countries. Combustible MSW contains proximate which can be utilized as alternative energy through energy recovery by bio-drying method. This study aims to process MSW using biodrying and calculate the potential of MSW as an alternative fuel. MSW from TPA Jatibarang is processed in a bio-drying reactor with an aeration flowrate of 6 L/m for 21 days. The results showed that the peak temperature reached 58⁰C on the first day. The water content decreased to 44.65% on the 21st day. The calorific value increased by 28% with the highest value of 6,049 cal/gr. Biodrying products from MSW Jatibarang landfill have 138% potential as industrial fuel. The potential use of 100% biodrying products is achieved in 2030 in the 6th month of 638,367 tons.
Modeling on 137Cs Radioactive Dispersion in Gosong Coast as The Candidate Location for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Prasetyo Akhmad Tri , Muslim Muslim , Suseno Heny
Published: December 2021

The study of radioactive dispersion in the ocean should be conducted to prepare the construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) in Gosong Coast, West Kalimantan. This study estimated the distribution of 137Cs radioactive from various scenarios of radioactive waste dumping if nuclear emergency is occurred during NPP’s operation. These scenarios were distinguished based on their volume discharges of radioactive waste into the ocean, included 10 m3 (Scenario I), 50 m3 (Scenario II), and 100 m3 (Scenario III).  Model dispersions were constructed for 15 days by Delft3D-Flow module. The simulation showed that ocean current directions were not significantly different among spring and neap tide, instead the ocean current during the spring period dominantly increased rather than neap period. Ocean currents at Gosong Coast flowed parallel to the shoreline towards Singkawang Coastal Area during ebb tide. Meanwhile, during flood tide, ocean currents at Gosong Coast flowed offshore through Burung Archipelagic. The dispersed model showed the distribution of 137Cs radioactive for 15 days reaching to coastal areas of Burung Archipelagic, Singkawang, and Southern Sambas Coast. Each scenario of the disposal system did not influence the marine pollution of the West Kalimantan Sea.
Teologiczna ocena przymierza Judy Machabeusza z Rzymem. Intertekstualna analiza 1 Mch 8,17–20
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: December 2021

Jaka była biblijna interpretacja postępowania Żydów w końcowym etapie historii Izraela w świetle zapisów prawa Mojżeszowego, niemal tuż przed nastaniem czasów Nowego Testamentu? Proponowana egzegeza fragmentu 1 Mch 8,17–20, opisującego zawarcie przymierza przez Judę Machabeusza z republiką rzymską, pragnie ukazać teologiczną ocenę postępowania przywódcy powstania dokonaną przez autora księgi. Najbardziej pomocne w wydobyciu właściwego rozumienia tekstu okazuje się podejście intertekstualne. Pozwala ono celowo łączyć sformułowania kolejnych wersetów z tymi samymi zwrotami wcześniejszych ksiąg biblijnych. Zawarta w nich teologia ukaże właściwy sens zaproponowanego passusu Pierwszej Księgi Machabejskiej. Okazuje się, że ocena teologiczna jest daleka od oceny politycznej, branej niemal wyłącznie pod uwagę w analizach i komentarzach historyczno-literackich. Autor biblijny zachowuje daleko idącą wstrzemięźliwość wobec politycznych sukcesów Machabeuszy, pragnąc ukazać ich postępowanie w świetleprawa Bożego. Mocno zaświadcza to o uzasadnionej przynależności Pierwszej Księgi Machabejskiej do korpusu pism natchnionych.
A randomized controlled study of biochemical tests in primary care: interventions can reduce the number of tests but usage does not become more appropriate
Authors: Lillo Serena , Larsen Trine Rennebod , Pennerup Leif , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Søndergaard Jens , Antonsen Steen
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The use of laboratory tests increases worldwide, and to some extent their use is likely to be inappropriate. Although primary care is responsible for a substantial proportion of requests, this sector is less extensively investigated than hospitals.

Methods

We tested the effect of six combinations of four interventions applied to 313 primary care clinics, using vitamin D as model test (253,762 vitamin D results). We evaluated the changes in test numbers in the six intervention groups compared to the control group, and whether interventions resulted in more homogenous test use within groups or affected the distribution of test results. All interventions included information on vitamin D testing guidelines. Four groups were exposed to a non-interruptive alert in the ordering IT-system and in two groups this was supplemented by an interruptive alert. Half of the groups received monthly feedback reports.

Results

Application of alerts, irrespective of the combination with feedback reports, resulted in significantly reduced test numbers (maximum −46%). Guidelines either alone or combined with feedback reports did not cause significant difference from the control group. The within-group requesting pattern changed significantly for only two of the groups. The distribution of low and normal vitamin D results within groups showed no signs of more appropriate use of the test in any of the groups.

Conclusions

Some of the interventions reduced the number of tests, but there were no indications of improved adherence to the guidelines. The interventions may have led to under-utilization of the test and thus should be used with care.
A case of successful pembrolizumab monotherapy in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Use of multiple biomarkers in combination for clinical practice
Authors: Guo Hanfei , Qian Lei , Chen Xiao , Zhao Yuguang , Song Wei , Guan Yanjie , Cui Jiuwei
Published: December 2021

Clinical treatment is challenging for elderly patients with lung cancer who cannot tolerate chemotherapy, do not have cancer driver genes, and have low expression of PD-L1. Since these patients are usually excluded from clinical studies, evidence-based medicine supporting the use of immunotherapy is lacking. Considering the potentially limited clinical benefits and high associated risk of hyperprogressive disease, determining an appropriate treatment is an urgent clinical challenge. We report a 71 year-old male patient diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma lacking key driving genes (EGFR, ALK, and ROS-1), and low expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells (10–15%). The tumor tissue showed a low level of microsatellite instability, low tumor mutational burden, and no DNA mismatch repair deficiency on whole-exome sequencing (WES). However, a high blood tumor mutational burden was detected. After considering the biomarkers of therapeutic effect and ruling out the risk of hyperprogressive disease, pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered every 3 weeks for a year (17 cycles). The disease remained stable for >39 months, and adverse effects were mild and well-tolerated. Therefore, a comprehensive biomarker evaluation, especially in elderly patients lacking driving genes, is essential. Liquid biopsy technology and WES may be useful for overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsy.
Phytoremediation as an effective tool to handle emerging contaminants
Authors: Bhatt Prasanth , Ganesan Swamynathan , Santhose Infant , Durairaj Thirumurugan
Published: December 2021

Phytoremediation is a process which effectively uses plants as a tool to remove, detoxify or immobilize contaminants. It has been an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique to clean contaminated environments. The contaminants from various sources have caused an irreversible damage to all the biotic factors in the biosphere. Bioremediation has become an indispensable strategy in reclaiming or rehabilitating the environment that was damaged by the contaminants. The process of bioremediation has been extensively used for the past few decades to neutralize toxic contaminants, but the results have not been satisfactory due to the lack of cost-effectiveness, production of byproducts that are toxic and requirement of large landscape. Phytoremediation helps in treating chemical pollutants on two broad categories namely, emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) and emerging inorganic pollutants (EIOPs) under in situ conditions. The EOPs are produced from pharmaceutical, chemical and synthetic polymer industries, which have potential to pollute water and soil environments. Similarly, EIOPs are generated during mining operations, transportations and industries involved in urban development. Among the EIOPs, it has been noticed that there is pollution due to heavy metals, radioactive waste production and electronic waste in urban centers. Moreover, in recent times phytoremediation has been recognized as a feasible method to treat biological contaminants. Since remediation of soil and water is very important to preserve natural habitats and ecosystems, it is necessary to devise new strategies in using plants as a tool for remediation. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phytoremediation strategies that could be utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of emerging contaminants without affecting the environment.
An Early Collection of Acts from the Council of Ephesus (431) in Antioch
Authors: Graumann Thomas
Published: December 2021

The keeping, storage and circulation of documents and acts created by the eastern (anti-Cyrillian) bishops at the council of Ephesus (431) is obscure. A letter by Theodoret written on the eve of the Second Council of Ephesus provides an exceptional window into a set of documents relating to the occasion and stored at Antioch at the time. The description reveals the overall scope and character of this set of documents, including some aspect of their probable materiality, and the tendencies and purposes guiding their compilation. It further allows to tentatively identify several of the documents mentioned with those surviving in later collections.
The Role of Institutional Investors in Corporate Governance of Their Portfolio Companies – The Case of Croatia
Authors:   Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Đunđek Kokotec Ivana , Orsag Silvije ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Klačmer Čalopa Marina ,   Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Published: December 2021

The goal of this research is to examine the involvement of institutional investors in the corporate governance of companies in their portfolio by analyzing characteristics of institutional investors with respect to the type of investment, investment time horizon, and degree of involvement in the process of managing a company. The paper will outline the attitudes of managers on the level of investors’ involvement in the governance process in order to identify determinants of investment decisions, decisions to take corrective actions to enhance corporate governance, or decisions to leave the ownership structure. A qualitative approach was chosen, consisting of a series of structural interviews with 25 fund managers of different types of institutional investors. The results indicate that institutional investors are involved in the corporate governance of their portfolio companies, and that control mechanisms they use include voting rights, direct communication with the management with the aim of discussing strategies for future development, and collaboration with other institutional investors in the ownership structure.
Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Suppresses Drift in Cortical Memory Representations
Authors: Pilkiw Maryna , Jarovi Justin , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori
Published: December 2021

Memory retrieval is thought to depend on the reinstatement of cortical memory representations guided by pattern completion processes in the hippocampus. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is one of the intermediary regions supporting hippocampal–cortical interactions and houses neurons that prospectively signal past events in a familiar environment. To investigate the functional relevance of the activity of the LEC for cortical reinstatement, we pharmacologically inhibited the LEC and examined its impact on the stability of ensemble firing patterns in one of the efferent targets of the LEC, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). When male rats underwent multiple epochs of identical stimulus sequences in the same environment, the mPFC maintained a stable ensemble firing pattern across repetitions, particularly when the sequence included pairings of neutral and aversive stimuli. With LEC inhibition, the mPFC still formed an ensemble pattern that accurately captured stimuli and their associations within each epoch. However, LEC inhibition markedly disrupted its consistency across the epochs by decreasing the proportion of mPFC neurons that stably maintained firing selectivity for stimulus associations. Thus, the LEC stabilizes cortical representations of learned stimulus associations, thereby facilitating the recovery of the original memory trace without generating a new, redundant trace for familiar experiences. Failure of this process might underlie retrieval deficits in conditions associated with degeneration of the LEC, such as normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo recall past events, the brain needs to reactivate the activity patterns that occurred during those events. However, such reinstatement of memory traces is not trivial because it goes against the natural tendency of the brain to restructure the activity patterns continuously. We found that dysfunction of a brain region called the LEC worsened the drift of the brain activity when rats repeatedly underwent the same events in the same room and made them behave as if they had never experienced these events before. Thus, the LEC stabilizes the brain activity to facilitate the recovery of the original memory trace. Failure of this process might underlie memory problems in elderly and Alzheimer's disease patients with the degenerated LEC.
Properties of concrete containing microwaved sewage sludge ash
Authors: Azed M.A. , D.S. Ing
Published: December 2021

Urban population of Malaysia is stated as 72.8% of its total population, and growing every year. Due to this growing number of population, the sewage sludge waste produce every year has also gradually increased. Malaysia itself produces 3.2 million m3 of sewage sludge annually. Normally all of this waste is disposed by landfill. Furthermore, usual production of cement and sewage sludge ash consumes a lot of energy by using incineration process with a very high temperature. Thus, microwave heating method was an alternatives use in this research to reduce the consumption of energy and time used to heat the sewage sludge ash. This research was conducted to investigate the optimum performances of different percentage (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of cement of the Microwaved Sewage Sludge Ash (MSSA) concrete with different curing regime, which was air and water curing. The characteristic of MSSA was tested by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of MSSA concrete was examined by Compressive Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Modulus of Elasticity test after 180 days of curing. The MSSA samples were also tested with water absorption test to evaluate the quality of concrete in term of porosity and permeability. Water curing sample with 5% of MSSA (W5) had the best in results compared to other specimens. The mechanical properties of W5 content in concrete shows the most optimum samples due to the densification of pozzolanic reaction and filler effect of MSSA. The curing effect with better result was water curing, as it got highest value of strength in compressive test, flexural test and modulus of elasticity test. As conclusion, based on the results, it is shown the positive impact on using the MSSA as additional material to the cement mixture to improve the quality of the concrete. Thus, this will reduce the disposal of sewage sludge waste on dumping site and improves the quality performances of the concrete.
Transient cooling of two circular cylinders arranged in Tandem an bounded by an adiabatic wall
Authors: Saeid Nawaf Hazim , N. Hasan  , Seri Rahayu Ya'akob  , S. Shuib
Published: December 2021

Parametric study is carried out on the transient cooling process of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement for a specified period of time. Transient analysis of conjugate (conduction and convection) heat dissipation from two identical cylinders is considered with various parameters. The two cylinders of same size and properties are bounded by an adiabatic flat wall from below and the cooling air is flowing normal to their axis (cross flow). The following parameters are investigated in the present study: Reynolds number, cylinders thermal properties, separation distance between the two cylinders and the cooling time. The laminar flow is considered with Reynolds number values from 50 to 500. The simulations are carried out for cooling the two cylinders made of carbon steels, plastics plexiglass and plywood. The local and average Nusselt number for both steady and transient cooling of the two cylinders are presented. The effects of the parameters are investigated and the results are presented to understand the process. It is found that increasing either the separation distance and/or the Reynolds number will increase the heat dissipation and reduce the cooling time. The results show that carbon steels cylinders need longer time of cooling compare with the plywood cylinders due to the difference in their thermal inertia.
Refinement of the rail–wheel contact pair to improve rail–wheel interaction conditions for railway vehicles with an increased axle load
Authors:   nstitute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Mokrii T.F. , Malysheva I.Yu. ,   nstitute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Bezrukavyi N.V. ,   nstitute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Ladyhin I.M. ,   nstitute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

At present, one of the global trends in railway transport development, which becomes clearer and clearer, is increasing the axle load of freight cars, which gives a considerable economic benefit. In this connection, of importance is not only the car design, but also the car capacity utilization factor: the higher this factor, the more economically efficient the car use. Because of this, one of the priority global lines in increasing the volume of fright traffic and the railway operation efficiency is increasing the carrying capacity of freight cars. Preparing the railways for cars with increased axle loads calls for the development of measures to decrease the track deformability, in particular by choosing appropriate wheel and rail profiles. The aim of this work was to develop recommendations on refining the wheel?rail contact pair to improve curve negotiation by railway vehicles with an increased axle loads on the Ukrainian railways. This paper presents the proprietary R-ITM wear-resistant railhead profile. The effect of the new profile on wheel?rail interaction in negotiating a curve of radius 300 m at a constant speed was studied for different cars. In doing so, emphasis was on wheel?rail interaction for a new-generation freight car on 18-9817 trucks with an axle load increased to 36 tf. The studies conducted made it possible to formulate the following recommendations: to improve curve negotiation by railway vehicles with increased axle loads, reduce the adverse effect on the track and improve traffic safety, new proprietary contact pair profiles are recommended: the ITM-73-03 wheel profile for cars, and the R-ITM railhead profile for outer rails together with the standard R65 railhead profile for inner rails.