bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DRUG COST ANALYSIS ON NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ERA IN HEALTH SUPPORT FACILITIES
Authors: Satibi Satibi , Putu Satrya Dewi Dewa Ayu , Akhmad Atika Dalili , Kaswindiarti Novita , Puspandari Dyah Ayu
Published: April 2017

Objective: In national health insurance (JKN) era, pharmacy can play roles in the form of behind refer pharmacies, or networking pharmacy and clinic pharmacy pratama. Behind refer pharmacies drug cost can be claimed directly to BPJS, meanwhile for the other type of pharmacy have to negotiation first with the primary health care. Drug cost variations in the JKN era affect the profitability of the business pharmacies. This research aims to the drug percentage charges against capitation and variety of drug costs.Methods: This research is analytic observational cross-sectional. This research uses secondary data from a JKN prescription patient. This research was conducted on 6 affiliated pharmacies, 6 networking pharmacies, and 7 clinical pharmacy pratama in DIY. The sampling in this research is by purposive with 8.430 prescriptions. Data drug costs JKN era was analyzed by descriptive statistics and comparative test (Kruskal Wallis test).Results: The result showed that average percentage of drug costs for capitation fee in the networking pharmacy is 13.58% and primary health care is 15.91%. Pharmacy in JKN era has drug cost variations (p=0.000). Drug cost in JKN era depends on the pattern of play roles with the health facilities and BPJS. The average percentage of drug costs against capitation health facilities in networking pharmacy is lower than clinical pharmacy pratama.Conclusions: Drug costs in an era of JKN depending on the pattern of cooperation with health facilities pharmacies and BPJS. The average percentage of the cost of drugs to the pharmacy capitation health facilities in networking lower than clinic pharmacy pratama. Differences in drug costs JKN era influenced by the long days of drug administration, the number of prescription sheets, margin.Keywords: Drug cost analysis, National health insurance (JKN), Pharmacy, Primary health care, Capitation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF FLAVONOIDS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF ZIZIPHUS LOTUS OF SOUTH-WEST ALGERIA
Authors: Slimani Alaa , Abdellah Moussaoui , Hamadi Laazouni
Published: April 2017

The biodiversity of our country allows us to medicinal plants used in the new research directions most of the plants used in traditional medicine for centuries. Because of the resistance of the proliferation of parasitic fungi in the food industries, plant diseases, this work aims to test the antifungal activity of a plant heritage which is the Ziziphus lotus. The phytochemical screening allowed us to see that the flavonoids extracts of leaves, roots, and seeds covered in this study are rich in bioactive substances namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenes. Antifungal activity was tested using two methods; radial growth on solid media and evaluation of biomass on liquid environments against Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus and Aspergillus ochraceus. The results of the evaluation of the radial growth show that the extract of flavonoids of the best roots given percent inhibition of 73.3% against A. ochraceus has 4.37×10−4  g/ml concentration, followed by extraction of flavonoids grains that gave an inhibition of 55% against the Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus has 1.091×10−3 g/ml concentration. However, another extract of Z. lotus gave a fairly significant inhibition of fungal strains studied very limited. The results of the evaluation of biomass on liquid medium show the efficacy vis-à-vis studied extracts of the strains tested in accordance with the increase of the concentration thereof. The best inhibition was recorded for extraction of flavonoids grain against the two strains tested 61.92% for Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus and 84.33% for A. ochraceus 1.091×10−3 g/ml concentration.Keywords: Ziziphus lotus, Extracts flavonoids, Antifungal activity, Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus.
THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN EVALUATING AND INTERVENING THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Keban Sesilia Andriani , Abdillah Syamsudin , Najuah Najuah
Published: April 2017

Diabetic neuropathies is the presence of and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunctions in people with diabetes after the exclusion of other causes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, to evaluate the score of neuropathy, and also to determine the effect of pharmacist intervention towards diabetic neuropathy patients at Gatot Soebroto Hospital Jakarta in 2013. Data about socio-demographic characters, age, duration of diabetic, blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle BMI and smoking were collected. Pharmacist intervention was given to increase patient information about diabetic neuropathy and its risks factors. There were 59 respondents involved in this study. It can be found that 15.3% respondents had mild diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had moderate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 1.7% had severe diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and as much as  81,4% respondents had no neuropathy. There was a correlation (but not statistically significant) between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its' risks factors such as ages, duration of diabetes, sex, cardiovascular disease (hypertension, cardiac disease)and lifestyle(smoking habit and body mass index). Pharmacist intervention showed an increase on the patients knowledge about diabetic neuropathy and also a significant decrease on the patient's blood glucose level (P˂0,05).Keywords : diabetic neuropathy, pharmacist role, prevalence, score, risk factors, blood glucose.
OBTENTION OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND POLYPHENOLS FROM MACADAMIA (MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA) WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACTION METHOD
Authors: Carrillo Wilman , Lara David , Vilcacundo Edgar , Carrillo Cristian , Silva Monica , Alvarez Mario , Carpio Cecilia
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein concentrates from macadamia using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation with water to analyze the protein isolates using the Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and RP-UHPLC methods.Materials & Methods: Macadamia protein concentrates were obtained using the isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs using water as solvent. Proteins were analyzed using the Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and RP-UHPLC methods.Results: A yield of 36.57±0.17a of protein concentrate of defatted macadamia flour at pH 6.0 with a 51.564% of protein was obtained using the Dumas method. Polypeptides profile was identified in the 11-63 kDa range. Total polyphenols content was high at pH 5.0 with a value of 367,340 mg GAE equivalents / 100 g.Conclusions: Macadamia seed is a good source of proteins. Native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE and RP-UHPLC are good methods to identify the macadamia protein isolate in presence of water.
EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF SIDA ACUTA BURM.F.
Authors: Kanta Kanthal Lakshmi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the present work was to investigate the in-vitro cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract of Sida acuta Burm.f.Methods: The in-vitro cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract was performed by MTT assay method against A-431 (Human epidermoid carcinoma) and HeLa (Human cervical cancer) cell lines.Results: The various concentration of crude chloroform extract (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 µg/ml concentration) of Sida acuta whole plant was performed for cytotoxic activity. Effect of inhibition of cell growth showed significantly cytotoxic against A-431 cell lines (human epidermoid carcinoma) with an of 375±0.00 and HeLa cell lines (human cervix carcinoma with an IC50 (inhibit cell growth by 50%) 610.00±2.5. The results obtained from the study indicate significant cytotoxic activity. The result of anticancer activity study in cell lines of the extract indicates that Sida acuta has anticancer activity against A-431-Human epidermoid carcinoma, HeLa-Human cervical cancer cell lines.Conclusion: The present study concluded that the chloroform extract of Sida acuta Burm.f. posses potent cytotoxic activity.Keywords: Sida acuta Burm.f., Chloroform extract, Cytotoxic activity, IC50.
ACTIVE PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Plectranthus amboinicus
Authors: Janakiraman Dayana , Somasundaram Parameswari
Published: April 2017

Objective: Plectranthus amboinicus, (PA) leaves contain pharmaceutically important phyto constituents that attribute to greater medicinal values. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the active principles present in the potent Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and brine shrimp lethality studies to understand the toxicity profile of PA.Methods: An approach towards High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening of Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and selective partitioning using various solvents such as Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol were performed to identify the active principles present. Acute oral toxicity or brine shrimp lethality studies on Artemia salina L. using active fraction of PA were also attempted.Results: The HPLC profile of ethylacetate fraction of Hydroalcoholic extract showed flavonoids such as Rutin, quercetin, luteolin and gallic acid, which was found to be considerably different from Hydroalcoholic extract and this fraction also showed good acute oral toxicity effect and the LC50 value obtained was 198.630µg/ml.Conclusion: These results attribute to the pharmacological importance of the plant. Selective Isolation of individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting it to biological testing will definitely give promising results for medicinal field.
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN OMAN
Authors: Al-zakwani Ibrahim , Al-thuhli Marwa , Al-hashim Abdulhakeem , Al Balushi Khalid A
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the drug prescribing trends in the ICU department and correlate them with the disease patterns and patients’ outcomes.Methods: The case records of patients admitted to the ICU at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), a teaching hospital in Oman, during a 5-month period between June 1st to October 31st 2013 were analyzed. The variables collected included demographic and clinical characteristics as well as duration of hospitalization, indications and utilization of different drugs.Results: A total of 138 patients were evaluated with an average of age ‎46±19‎ years. The average length of stay at ICU‎ was ‎4.5±3.5 days. The‎ average number of drugs per prescription was ‎8.0±4.6‎. The most common route used was the parenteral route (66%) followed by the enteral route (25%). Anti-infective drugs were the most commonly prescribed class of drugs (25%) followed by gastrointestinal drugs (20%). Antibiotics accounted for 12% of the total drugs prescribed. Trauma was the most common indication for the admission to the ICU (22%).Conclusion: Drugs prescription patterns in the ICU appeared to be similar to those reported in previous studies. However, prescription protocols need to be addressed to guide appropriate use of drugs in the ICU setting.
TO STUDY THE DRUG USE PATTERN IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING
Authors: C Deepalatha , Mb Leela Pratyusha
Published: April 2017

Objective: To study the drug utilization pattern in patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: It is a prospective study done on 50 patients of POAG (comprising of individuals belonging to any age group). This study was carried for a period of 2-month, and the data included patient’s demographic details and the drugs prescribed. Data were analyzed for drug use pattern.Results: After screening the prescriptions of patients, it was found out that out of total 50 prescriptions, 30 were males, and 20 were females. Out of50 prescriptions, prostaglandins (58%) were most commonly prescribed. β-blockers (16%) were also prescribed. Fixed dose combination constituted60% of the prescriptions. Instructions about the route, frequency, and duration of treatment were present in all prescriptions. Drugs prescribed by their generic names were 18.75% and about 81.25% of the drugs were prescribed by their brand names.Conclusions: Fixed drug combination of timolol and dorzolamide was the most frequently prescribed combination. Prescribers must be aware ofimportance of prescribing drugs with generic names.Keywords: Primary open-angle glaucoma, Intraocular pressure, Fixed dose combination.
“ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTOSE AND NON- LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST”
Authors: Bala Kumud , Wadhwa Ridhima , Bohra Rachana
Published: April 2017

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting gram negative bacteria from the tertiary care hospital.Methods: The conventional method of identification by biochemical analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2.Results: 424strains of lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli were isolated from 3097 clinical samples. From the total lactose fermenting bacteria Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate accounting for 50.94% specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 27.59% and Enterobacter 0.47%. From the total non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant isolate accounting for 12.73% specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa 6.13%, other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.17% , Burkholderia cepacia 0.94%. In the present study male were more infected than female. The study also showed that lactose fermenting bacteria were more infectious than non lactose-fermenting bacteria and isolates were from urine samples.Conclusion: Both Non-Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli and Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli were found to be major contaminants, and are important pathogenic bacteria causing wide range of infections in the tertiary care hospital.Keywords: Lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria, Vitek-2, Tertiary Care Hospital, Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion, Lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CHROMIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
Authors: Sangwan Poonam , Kumar Harish
Published: April 2017

Objective: This paper consists of synthesis of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles by sol-gel technique, their characterization and investigation of antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria by measuring zone of inhibition, colony forming units and optical density on solid agar media as well as in liquid medium.Method: The Cr2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel technique using TEOS as precursor. The synthesized chromium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The antibacterial effect of these chromium oxide nanoparticles against Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated both on the solid agar plates and in liquid medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cr2O3 nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of chromium oxide nanoparticles was also compared with the antibacterial activities of the standard antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, streptomycin, sulphatriad and tetracycline which were taken in the form of hexa discs.Results: Average particle size of the Cr2O3 nanoparticles was found to be 24.0 nm. It was observed that Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to the penicillin G and ampicillin but Cr2O3 nanoparticles shows good antibacterial property. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cr2O3 for Klebsiella pneumoniae is 2.5 mg/ml. The bacterial growth was monitored by measuring zone of Inhibition, colony formation unit (CFU) and optical density (OD) method.Conclusion: Sol-gel technique is a convenient and easy technique for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Nanosized Cr2O3 particles showed an effective antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Therefore, chromium oxide nanoparticles due to its low manufacturing cost and high effectiveness in antimicrobial properties may find wide applications in various industries to address safety issues.
BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAVING OSTEOPORIC RISK
Authors: Sharma Preeti
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjective: Osteoporosis is the most common disease worldwide, nutritional factors may play a significant role in the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to assessment of various biochemical parameters in the postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia.Material & Methods: In this hospital based study total 70 postmenopausal women, 45 to 80 year of age group, were studied. They were categorised in two groups as case I and Case II on the basis of diagnosis osteoporosis or osteopenia respectively. The bone mineral density using T score was estimated for diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteopenia. Bone mineral markers i.e. total, calcium and ionized calcium was estimated by colorimetric method. Serum phosphate was estimated by direct method and alkaline phosphatase was measured by kinetic method. Biochemical parameters i.e. urea was estimated by diacetyl monoxime method. Serum albumin and serum creatinine were measured by BCG method and Jaffe’s method respectively. Serum uric acid and magnesium were estimated by colorimetric method.Results: Total calcium and ionized calcium were significant (<0.05) between the groups. The levels of serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were higher in osteoporotic group but the results were not significant between the groups. Serum urea and serum albumin was comparatively higher and lower in osteoporotic group respectively but the findings were not significant between the groups. The significant results of serum creatinine, serum uric acid and serum magnesium were obtained while comparing between osteoporotic patients and osteopenia patients. The levels were higher in osteoporosis group. There was negative association of alkaline phosphatase with serum calcium and negative association with serum phosphate and uric acid.Conclusion: Biochemical alterations are characterized in osteoporotic as well as osteopenic patients. Monitoring of these parameters may be beneficial while giving the treatment to these patients for prevention the risk of other life threatening risks. Keywords: Osteoporosis, osteopenia, Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Creatinine, Postmenopause
ASSESSMENT OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR AMONG MALAY MALE SMOKERS IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
Authors: Abu Bakar Ruzilawati
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess smoking behavior among Malay male smokers in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: Volunteers (n=496) were recruited in the study by randomly selected manner. The participants were categorized as smokers (n=248) and non-smoking controls (n=248). All participants were given data collection sheets to record their information. The participants who were selected in smokers group (n=248) were given a form containing questionnaires regarding their smoking behavior. The participants were asked about their smoking history such as smoking initiation age, factors that influence smoking behavior, number of cigarettes daily, number of quitting attempts, and methods of quitting attempts. The validated Malay version of Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND-M) was used to measure physical dependence on nicotine among smokers.Results: The study revealed that smokers in this study group were mainly light smokers. More than half of the participants, i.e., 51.6% (n=128), in this study had an FTND-M score lower than 2 (very low nicotine dependence). The minimum smoking initiation age of the participants in this study was 10 years whereas the maximum age was 40 years. Most of the participants start smoking at the age of <20 years with the higher frequency being18 years. More than half of the participants (58.5%) claimed that peer influence is the main factor initiating their smoking behavior. From the study, about 50.4% (n=125) of participants used <10 sticks of cigarettes per day, 39.1% (n=97) used 11-20 sticks, 9.39% (n=23) used 21-30 sticks, while1.2% of the participants used more than 31 sticks of cigarettes per day. Our data indicate that only 10.9% (n=27) of participants had tried more than5 times to quit smoking. Even though new effective treatments are now available, almost half of the participants, i.e., 51.6% (n=128), had tried to quit smoking without any intervention.Conclusion: Data obtained from this study later may help the public health policy makers and practitioners, especially in Kelantan, Malaysia, to make smoking prevention strategies more effective.Keywords: Smoking behavior, Male smoker, Malay male and smoking assessment.
IN-VITRO HYPOGLYCEMIC EVALUATION OF FRACTIONS OF HYDRO-ACOHOLIC EXTRACT OF HEARTWOOD OF TECOMELLA UNDULATA LINN.
Authors: Garg Munish , Rohilla Ruby , Garg Chanchal
Published: April 2017

Objective: To screen α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors from the different fractions of crude hydro-alcoholic extract of heartwood of Tecomella undulata Linn.Methods: Four fractions of crude hydro-alcoholic extract of heartwood of plant were used for in-vitro inhibitory assays against digestive enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase. For assay, different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml) were used for all fractions. Standard protocol was used for preliminary phytochemical screening of different bioactive components present in all fractions.Results: The fractions have shown moderate to highest inhibitory activity against both enzymes. But, the strong inhibition was revealed by acetone fraction against α-amylase with very minimal inhibitory concentrations at IC50 values when compared with a standard drug acarbose. Several medicinally active phytocomponents such as flavanoids, saponin, anthraquinones, tannins, triterpenoids and phenols were observed in all studied fractions.Conclusion: The different fractions prepared from crude hydro-alcoholic extract of heartwood of plant are capable of inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase and it can be concluded that heartwood of Tecomella undulata Linn. is partially active against postprandial hyperglycemia, thus diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Tecomella undulata Linn., Diabetes mellitus, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase.
A SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM TUNJUK LANGIT RHIZOME (HELMINTHOSTACHYS ZEYLANICA) ON ALBINO RATS, RATTUS NOVERTICUS (WISTAR STRAIN)
Authors: Fitrya Fitrya , Fithry Najma Annuria
Published: April 2017

Objective: Traditionally, Tunjuk langit (Helmynthostachis zaylanica) rhizome has been used as anticancer and anti-inflammation drugs; however, it may have toxic effects on major organs for a long-term continuously consecutive consumption. Therefore, this study was carried out to test sub- chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract of the rhizome on Albino rats, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain). Methods: A total of 100 male and female rats were divided into five groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were orally administered with ethanol extracts of 68, 136, 272, and 554 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Meanwhile, Group V used as a control was no treatment with the extract. A toxic symptom has been observed by analyzing several parameters, namely BW, hematologic and biochemical properties, macroscopic organs, and relative organ weight.Results: In general, the results show that there is no any toxic symptom and statistically insignificant differences in these parameters between treated and control groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the ethanol extract of Tunjuk Langit rhizome does not have effects of subchronic toxicity.Keywords: Tunjuk langit rhizome, Ethanol extract, Subchronic toxicity.
LIFE, DEATH, AND PHARMA IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Saravanan R.gayathri , Vijayabanu C
Published: April 2017

“The health of the people is really the foundation on which all their happiness and all their powers as a state depend.” - Benjamin Disraeli.A healthy society is obviously a healthy nation. Being healthy is a result of various factors such as lifestyle, income, choices, society, access to medical facilities, culture, and family. The life expectancy (LE) (i.e., average years a person is anticipated to live has almost doubled) in the past century and medical breakthroughs had a profoundly positive impact on human LE. The average LE of the people in India was 49.7 years during 1970-1975 gradually increased to the level of 68.45 years in 2016 according to the world LE reports. The objective here is to understand the factors determining LE and whether there are any possibilities for considerable improvements in LE in India due to various economic policies by the government. Statistical reports from various organizations are analyzed, and the conclusion is that the government spending on health care and awareness is to be enhanced.Keywords: Life expectancy, Health care, Mortality, Birth rate, Death rate, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL, INDIA
Authors: Sarfaraz Mohammed , Mathew Binu , Poudel Sanjay
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Drug related problems (DRPs) are frequent in hospitalization where multiple changes in patient’s medication regimen and lack of continuity of care may be accompanied. The aim of present research was to identify drug related problems, drug classes involved in DRPs as well as associated factors with the occurrence of DRPs and to assess the pharmacist interventions in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a period of six months from November 2015 to April 2016. All the in patients admitted to all departments of hospital, who satisfied the selection criteria, were included in this study. Necessary demographic and clinical data was collected from the case records. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification Version (PCNE) 5.01 was used to classify DRPs. The treatment data was analyzed to determine the rate, pattern, clinical significance, and outcomes of DRPs.Results: A total of 300 patient case sheets were reviewed during the study period, out of which 143 drug related problems were identified from 93 patients. Male (%) predominance was noted over females (%). The most common DRP was drug Interactions 47.55% (68) followed by drug use problems 19.58% (28), drug choice problems 14.68% (21), others 11.88% (17), dosing problems 4.89% (7), and adverse reaction 1.39% (2) were identified.Conclusion: Drug related problems are common among the wards of hospital. Clinical pharmacist’s role in identification, resolution and prevention of drug related problems helps in achieving better therapeutic outcomes and improved patient healthcare.Keywords: DRP’s, Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Interactions (DI), Drug choice problems, Dosing problem, Drug use problems, Paediatric, Medicine, PCNE
EFFECT OF PHYTOESTROGENS ON LIPID PROFILE: MINI REVIEW
Authors: Nagamma Takkella , Jagadeesh Akshay T , K Anjaneyulu , Bhat Kumar Mr
Published: April 2017

Phytoestrogens are structurally similar to its mammalian counterparts and are capable of producing estrogen-like effects and non-steroidal in nature. Their affinity to bind to the estrogen receptors, a class of cytoplasmic proteins, is far less in comparison to the natural estrogen hormones found in humans and other animals or even the synthetically prepared estrogen and, therefore, are far less potent. Even so, the usage of phytoestrogen in either dietary or supplemental form in postmenopausal women is gaining interest, as opposed to the conventional estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), which was so far being used to alleviate the postmenopausal symptoms and believed, with little experimental/clinical evidence, to cause a significant reduction in the threat of coronary heart diseases (CHD). This usage of phytoestrogen follows from the fact that the overall health risks exerted by ERT outweigh the benefits, and to a little extent, the perception that synthetically prepared, so-called “prescription estrogen” interferes with what is otherwise a natural process. It is crucial to explore the alternatives that mimic the beneficial effects of ERT, especially with regard to the minimization of the risk of developing CHD and further evaluation of the aforementioned risks in terms of lipid profiling while simultaneously keeping the health risks to a minimum. This review discusses the scope of use of phytoestrogen specifically pertaining to lipid profiling, their possible health benefits, and adverse effects if any. Keywords: Phytoestrogens, Postmenopause, Lipid profile, Isoflavones.
APPLICABILITY OF NANOPARTICLES-HYDROGEL COMPOSITE IN TREATING PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND BEYOND
Authors: Aminu Nafiu , Toh Seok Ming
Published: April 2017

Nanoparticles-Hydrogel Composite (nanogels) have yielded a surge in the design and development of novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of many ailments, including periodontal disease. The recent innovations in nanotechnological drug carrier systems seem promising, as it provides a means to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, formulations of controlled and targeted drug delivery systems, drug release control base on the stimuli response, among others. Several polymeric nanoparticles-hydrogel co-formulations have been investigated during the last few years, mostly using synthetic & natural polymers. Some of the results and rewards achieved from these novel approaches are the use of bioadhesive polymers to achieve prolong drug release, the increment of intra-pocket drug penetration, the enhancement of mechanical properties using chemical crosslinkers and the possibility of loading multiple drugs in a unit delivery system.  Furthermore, these nanotechnological advances have also shown that nanoparticles (NPs) possess great potential as drug carriers in periodontal disease treatment. The future utilization of these advantages will significantly improve dental care. The co-formulation of nanoparticles-hydrogel composite will yield additional benefits that are much greater than ordinary NPs or hydrogels in delivering of drug into the periodontal pockets. The aim of this review article is to summarises updates on the current and future nanotechnological approaches that are being investigated for the treatment of periodontitis, with particular attention to the nanogels, and to identify arenas which its exploration might lead to the development of an effective intra-pocket drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The review also provided brief applications of nanogels in the management of other diseases.Keywords: Nanocomposite, Hydrogels, Nanoparticles, Nanogels, Periodontal intra-pocket drug delivery system, Nanotechnological approaches.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMEN”.
Authors: Naregal Prakash Mallikarjun
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding cervical cancer among women at selected urban area Karad and to find out the association between knowledge scores with selected sociodemographic variables among women in selected urban areas at Karad.Methods: Evaluative research approach was used for the study and conducted in urban area Koyana Vasahat, Karad, Maharashtra, India, using one group pre- and post-test design. Systematic proportionate sampling technique was used for selecting 60 women. On the 1st day, structured knowledge questionnaire was used for collecting data, and PTP on knowledge regarding cervical cancer was conducted, followed by posttest on the 7th  day. The data collected, tabulated, and analyzed in terms of objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The mean pretest value was 7 and the mean posttest value was 11 with a difference of 4. The paired t-value was 10.2, (p<0.05) showing a significant increase in the knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. There was no significant association between knowledge scores of women with the selected demographic variables.Conclusion: The study showed that the PTP on cervical cancer was effective in improving the knowledge of women and thus helps them to understand the harmful effects of cervical cancer as well as to take necessary steps for early detection and prevention.Keywords: Effectiveness, Planned teaching programme, Cervical cancer, Knowledge, Women.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF RUTIN IN RUE (RUTA GRAVEOLENS L.) CULTIVATED IN IRAQ WITH THE EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Eldalawy Rasha
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was designed to estimate the quantity of the flavonoid glycoside (rutin) as an important active compound in rue plant grown inIraq with the evaluation of its antioxidant activity.Methods: The cultivated rue plant at the garden of medicinal plant in the pharmacognosy and medicinal plants department was collected and dried at room temperature. Total flavonoids content was determined using aluminum chloride method, and a standard calibration curve is used for estimation of rutin glycoside. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract was measured using the (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical).Results: The results were showed that 100 g of the plant produced 7 g powdered extract, and each gram of the extract contains 133 mg rutin. The extract showed a positive antioxidant activity as compared with standard quercetin.Conclusion: Ruta graveolens plant contains the flavonoid glycoside rutin which showed antioxidant activity; therefore, further studies are required to identify other constituents in this plant.Keywords: Rue, Rutin, Flavonoids and antioxidant.
BRIGHT ASTEROIDS IN THE RED SEA - AN EMERGING PATHOGEN CANDIDA HAEMOLUNII: ARE AZOLES THE TREATMENT OPTION?
Authors: Rao Pooja , T Sanyuktha , B Keerthiraj , M Radhakrishna
Published: April 2017

This is a case study of a 15-year-old female who on chemotherapy and central line catheter-related bloodstream candidemia presented with recurrentepisodes of candidemia, was febrile and breathless. She was diagnosed of Candida haemulonii fungemia. Echinocandins was started as this species ofCandida is usually resistant to the commonly used antifungal agents. On treatment, the patient was afebrile and discharged.Keywords: Candida haemulonii, Candidemia, Case report, Emerging pathogen
SUBSTRATE CARRIERS FOR C-1(2)-DEHYDROGENATION OF 6-METHYLENE ANDROSTENEDIONE TO EXEMESTANE BY GROWING AND IMMOBILIZED ARTHROBACTER SIMPLEX NCIM 2449
Authors: Patil Prachi , Sharma Rajesh , Banerjee Tushar , Patil Shridhar
Published: April 2017

Objective: Permeability of hydrophobic steroid substrates across cell membrane is a critical factor during microbial bioconversion. To increase substrate intake, the feasibility of some organic solvents and emulsifiers as substrate carrier on the bioconversion of 6-methylene androstenedione to exemestane was assessed.Methods: Androstenedione, a commonly available steroid precursor, was chemically converted 6-methylene androstenedione. The time course of exemestane accumulation was estimated after addition of 6-methylene androstenedione dissolved in some organic solvents or dispersed with emulsifiers by growing and immobilized cells of Arthrobacter simplex NCIM 2449 in shake flask cultures.  Results: The use of substrate carriers for addition of 6-methylene androstenedione enhanced the bioconversion several folds. With growing bacterium in triplicate flasks, a peak mol % bioconversion recorded was- ethanol (67.25, 72 h); soybean oil + tween 80 (50.37, 48 h); acetone (38.84, 48 h); soybean oil (38.36, 48 h); lecithin (32.73, 48 h), methanol (32.71, 48 h) and tween 80 (10.37, 48 h). As compared to the growing cells, the bioconversion with Ca-alginate immobilized cells was delayed and peak mol % bioconversion was recorded as ethanol (60.78, 120 h); soybean oil + tween 80 (42.98, 120 h);  methanol (40.50,  72 h);  soybean oil (38.36, 48 h);  acetone (31.18, 72h ) and lecithin (33.67, 120 h); tween 80 (13.87, 120 h).Conclusion: The use of substrate carriers for addition of 6-methylene androstenedione increased the permeability of substrate and may be used to increase the yield of exemestane and reduce incubation time.
INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE - A CONGLOMERATION OF ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE AND MODERN SCIENCE (21-22 July 2016: Phytocongress | Sastra University)
Authors: Sastra University Phytocongress
Published: April 2017

PHYTOCONGRESS – 2016             The International Conference Phytocongress – 2016 on the theme “Indian Traditional Medicine - A Conglomeration of Ancient Knowledge and Modern Science” was organized by Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur on 21 & 22 July 2016. This conference was focused on the vast, enviable traditional wealth of India, practices and usage of plant drugs, metals, minerals and animals by traditional medical practitioners during ancient times and the current status of traditional and synthetic drugs. This programme analyzed the requirements of modern times and how the same could be benefited through ancient wisdom. Sessions in the seminar covered a wide range of topics emphasizing the scientific merits involved in Ayurveda and Siddha medicines. These sessions highlighted the significance and importance of evidence based studies on traditional medicines and finding new experimental methodologies for their characterization using various sophisticated analytical techniques and their applications.      The modern tools of chemistry and biology, in particular allow scientists to detail the exact nature of the biological effects of natural compounds on the human body, as well as to uncover possible synergies, which holds much promise for the discovery of new therapies against many devastating diseases. With the technology at hand today, we can validate the science behind this ancient knowledge and unravel the mysteries behind why and how traditional medicine works. The challenge today is to integrate the best of the different healing traditions to meet the healthcare needs of contemporary society.      This International conference brought together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and wisdom on all aspects of medicinal plants and natural products. It also provided an interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions to be adopted in the fields of medicinal plants and natural products.     This conference was inaugurated by Prof. Bhushan Patvarthan, University of Pune, and this Conference was convened by Prof. P. Brindha, Associate Dean and Co-ordinator, CARISM, SATRA University. Invited international speakers from USA, Australia and Malaysia and national speakers gave scintillating lectures covering various aspects on the theme of the conference. Altogether nearly 200 Scientists, Siddha and Ayurveda Researchers, Practitioners and Industrialists participated from various parts of India.
HEALING POTENTIAL OF A POLYHERBAL OINTMENT ON EXCISION WOUND IN NORMAL AND DIABETES INDUCED ALBINO RATS
Authors: Gnanasekaran Jothi , K Keerthana , G Shobana , J Radhika , M Kadhiravan
Published: April 2017

Objective: Wound healing potential of polyherbal ointment prepared from Cordial oblique Willd., Dentophote falcate (L.f) Ettingsh., and Vigna radiate Linn. has been evaluated, Preclinical studies were carried out using albino rats as experiment models.Methods: Animals were divided into 6 groups, each groups comprising of 6 rats. Group I, II and III are normal excision wounded rats that were categorized as normal untreated, polyherbal ointment treated and standard ointment treated respectively. Groups IV, V and VI were induced with diabetes using alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg bw; ip single dose) and grouped into diabetic untreated, polyherbal ointment treated and standard ointment treated respectively. The polyherbal ointment was prepared by using aqueous extracts of plants in equal proportion with simple ointment base (15% w/w). The Physical, Biochemical and enzymatic parameters studied were rate of wound contraction, ascorbic acid, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, SOD, LPO, serum protein, granulation tissue protein, serum glucose, DNA, RNA, platelet and WBC.Results: The excision wounded animals treated with polyherbal ointment showed a higher rate of contraction and epithelialization during the treatment period. Group II showed 100% and group V showed 90% wound contraction at the end of experimental period. Hydroxyproline, hexosamine, ascorbic acid, tissue protein, DNA, RNA levels and SOD activity were increased significantly (p<0.05), LPO, platelet and serum protein level were decreased with polyherbal ointment treated groups compared to control and standard groups.Conclution: The present study substantiates the traditional claims of plants prepared as polyherbal ointment possessing significant wound healing promoting activity and provides scientific evidence to the ethno medicinal property of plants in healing wounds.Keywords: Wound healing, Polyherbal ointment, Hydroxyproline, Hexosamine, Excision wound, Cordia obliqua Willd., Dentophote falcate (L.f)Ettingsh., Vigna radiata Linn.
Sertraline induced hyponatremia
Authors: Bhat H Dhananjay , Thanusubramanian Harish , O Balaji
Published: April 2017

A 53 year old female patient with a history of carcinoma of the breast in remission and dilated cardiomyopathy on treatment was newly diagnosed with depression. She was started on Sertraline 50mg once a day. 2 days later she developed severe hyponatremia (serum sodium 114mEq/l). Her condition further deteriorated and on the 6th day her medication was stopped and replaced with mirtazapine. Osmolality studies she was diagnosed with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion). She was treated with IV sodium chloride for her hyponatremia. At discharge serum sodium levels improved (127mEq/l)  and subsequent follow up 4 weeks later showed normal sodium values (138mEq/L)Keywords: Sodium chloride, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, Serum sodium, Serum osmolarity.
SYNTHESIS, INSILICO DOCKING AND ADMET STUDIES OF ARYL ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDE H SYNTHASE-2 INHIBITORS
Authors: Kandhaswamy Abirami , Rangan Saravanan , Ahmed Irshad , Mohan Ks Meena
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To study the inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 (PHSH-2) for arylacetic acid derivatives. Methods: This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized arylacetic acid erivatives through molecular docking via Discovery Studio 4.0 and Schrodinger Software. ADMET study was conducted to find the assessment on genotoxicology.Results: The synthesized arylacetic acid derivatives were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and purity by high-performance liquid chromatography. The synthetic pathway is economical, industrial scalability and is achieved with high yield and purity. The in silico studies identified the active pocket and compared with the standard drug.Conclusion: Results from this work conclude that the arylacetic acid derivatives have very good inhibition and very low binding energy toward the active pocket, hence can be considered as good inhibitors of PHSH-2 on comparison with iodosuprofen. The compounds qualified Lipinski rule of five and the ADMET results were non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic.Keywords: Arylacetic acid, 1 phenyl glycidyl ether protein, ADMET, In silico docking, Anti-inflammatory.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM TERMINALIA CHEBULA OF EASTERN GHATS, TAMILNADU
Authors: Rajeswari Rajeswari , R Revathi , D Arvind Prasanth
Published: April 2017

Objective: Endophytic fungi live inside the higher plants, apparently without causing any harm to the hosts and its produce the secondary metabolites are potential antimicrobial activity. Terminalia chebula has been used in Ayurveda, Unani & Homeopathy medicine. In this study an isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from T. Chebula collected from pachamalai hills of the Eastern Ghats, Tamilnadu.Methods: The plant materials were taken and first rinsed in running tap water to remove the dust and the other debris present in it. Segments of approximately 0.5 cm were cut in sterile lancet blades and surface sterilized by agitating in 70% ethanol (5s), followed by treatment with 4% NaOCl (90s) and then rinsed in sterile distilled water (10s).Thirty six (leaf, stem and fruit samples) segments from T.chebula plant are processed for the isolation of endophytic fungi.Results: About 36 segments (12 segments of each part respectively) of the medicinal plant were screened for the isolation of the endophytic fungi. A total of 27 endophytic fungi was isolated and identified from medicinal plant T.chebula. The leaf segments showed a maximum repository for endophytic fungi than the other segments. Among the 27 endophytic fungi, the predominant endophytic fungi isolated belonged to the genera of Alternaria longipes, Curvularia spp, Mucor, phoma spp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium spp. In this study majority of the fungi belonged to hyaline hyphomycetes.Conclusion: In this study conclude that the isolation of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant of terminalia chebula. To isolate the 27 endophytic fungi produce the novel bioactive compound. However Further studies are required to screen these endophytic fungi for production of novel Bioactive compounds. Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Terminalia chebula, bioactive compound
IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMPOUNDS OF ADATHODA VASICA BY GC MS ANALYSIS AND PROBING THE MODE OF ACTION OF THE COMPOUNDS BY INSILICO STUDY
Authors: Elgal Sharly , R Jasmine
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the promising compound of ethanol extracts of Adathoda vasica against respiratory isolates by GC-MS analysis and Insilico studies.Methods: The leaves of the chosen plant was extracted with ethanol, evaporated in vaccum and stored for further study. The ethanol extract was analyzed for antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens. To determine the dosage of the extracts against target respiratory isolates, minimal inhibitory concentration has been determined by broth dilution method. The extract was screened to identify the promising compounds by GC-MS and Docking was performed using Schrodinger software to determine the effective of these compounds with target proteins against respiratory infections.Results: The ethanol extract of Adathoda vasica showed promising antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method, to determine the dosage minimal inhibitory concentration has been determined by broth dilution method (MIC=3.125mg),were highly susceptible to the extract. The ethanol extract subjected to the GC-MS analysis, based on the percentage of peak area, the 3 promising compounds were chosen for docking analysis. Insilico studies had showed effective binding with target protein 2WYP (Sialic acid binding protein) and 1X7Y(α-Ketoacid dehydrogenase).Conclusion: The above study concludes that plant Adathoda vasica can be used in Ayurvedic treatment and has no side effect to cure both lower and respiratory infections. Thus we can also extend our study to drug formationKeywords: Adathoda vasica, GC-MS, 2-4(but-2-yl)phenyl)propanoicacid, N,N-dimethylglycine n-Hexanedecanoic acid.