KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI NELAYAN DI KALI MARO KABUPATEN MERAUKE, PAPUA
Authors: Widiastuti Maria Maghdalena Diana , Maturbongs Modesta Ranny , Elviana Sisca , Rani Chair , Burhanuddin Andi Iqbal 
Published: December 2020

Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Maro membutuhkan data komprehensif mengenai aktivitas pemanfaatan sungai tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi nelayan yang menangkap ikan di Kali Maro. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif analitis dengan pengambilan data nelayan menggunakan FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Kriteria responden adalah nelayan (pemilik dan anak buah kapal) yang mengambil ikan di muara dan Kali Maro. Jumlah responden sebanyak delapan belas orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik nelayan di Kali Maro merupakan nelayan kecil dengan kepemilikan perahu kecil (semang) rata-rata 1 unit dengan kapasitas maksimum 2 ton. Jenis ikan yang diperoleh antara lain ikan kakap, ikan kuru, ikan kaca, ikan bandeng, ikan gulama, ikan duri, dan ikan herkules. Kalender musim menurut nelayan terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu musim ikan melimpah (Oktober - Februari) dan musim ombak yang menandakan sedikitnya tangkapan ikan (Maret - September). Sistem penangkapan dilakukan sendiri dengan tenaga kerja didominasi dari dalam keluarga. Pemasaran melalui pemborong langganan dengan model konsinyasi. Kelembagaan nelayan belum berfungsi sebagai produksi, media belajar, dan pemasaran. Regulasi secara adat hanya terjadi di hulu sungai, sedangkan di muara sungai tidak ada aturan informal maupun formal yang mengatur aktivitas perikanan di sungai. Biaya operasional per trip sebesar Rp462.835,00 dengan komponen terbesar bensin dan oli sebesar 42%. Belum ditemukan adanya hubungan agent principle yang tidak menguntungkan nelayan. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah menggerakan modal sosial nelayan untuk membentuk kelembagaan informal dan membangun regulasi yang mengatur aktivitas penangkapan ikan, pemasaran, sistem bagi hasil dengan ABK. Perlunya dukungan pemerintah untuk peningkatan alat tangkap, modernisasi moda transportasi dan sistem penyimpanan hasil, sistem rantai pasok pemasaran, serta membangun industri pengolahan hasil.Title: Socio Economic Characteristics of Fishermen in Maro River Merauke Regency, PapuaManagement of the Maro river need a comprehensive data of all activities in the river. The study aimed to identify the socio-economic characteristics of fishermen who catch fish in Maro River. Descriptive analysis were used The methodology is analytical descriptive by collecting fishermen data using FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Respondents’ criteria are fishermen (owners and crew members) who take fish in the estuary and the Maro River. The number of respondents are 18 people. The results of the study indicate that the characteristics of the fishermen in the Maro River are small fishermen with a small boat with boat ownership an average of 1 unit with maximum capacity 2 tonnes. Catch fish in Maro River as main livelihood. Fish types obtained include: Snapper, kuru, glass, milkfish, gulama, thorny fish and hercules.The season calendar according to fishermen is divided into 2 namely abundant fish season (October to February) and the wave season which indicates the small number of fish catches (March to September). The fisherman catch fish alone or with labor dominated from family member. Selling fish through subscriptions contractor with a consignment model. The fishermen’s institution has not functioned as a production, learning and marketing. There is custom regulation in upstream but no informal of formal regulation to manage fisheries activities in dowwnstream. Operational costs per trips Rp.462,835.00 with the largest component of gasoline and oil by 42 percent. There is no unfair agent principle relationship. Suggestions from this research are build the social capital of fishermen to form informal institutions and conduct regulations for fishing activities, marketing, profit sharing systems with crew members. Need government support to improvement of fishing gear, modernization of transportation modes and yield storage systems, marketing supply chain systems and build a processing industry.