bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Spatial Behavior Functions of Adult-Born Neurons in Rats
Authors: O’Leary Timothy P. , Askari Baran , Lee Bonnie H. , Darby Kathryn , Knudson Cypress , Ash Alyssa M. , Seib Desiree R. , Espinueva Delane F. , Snyder Jason S.
Published: May 2022

Adult neurogenesis modifies hippocampal circuits and behavior, but removing newborn neurons does not consistently alter spatial processing, a core function of the hippocampus. Additionally, little is known about sex differences in neurogenesis since few studies have compared males and females. Since adult-born neurons regulate the stress response, we hypothesized that spatial functions may be more prominent under aversive conditions and may differ between males and females given sex differences in stress responding. We therefore trained intact and neurogenesis-deficient rats in the spatial water maze at temperatures that vary in their degree of aversiveness. In the standard water maze, ablating neurogenesis did not alter spatial learning in either sex. However, in cold water, ablating neurogenesis had divergent sex-dependent effects: relative to intact rats, male neurogenesis-deficient rats were slower to escape the maze and female neurogenesis-deficient rats were faster. Neurogenesis promoted temperature-related changes in search strategy in females, but it promoted search strategy stability in males. Females displayed greater recruitment (Fos expression) of the dorsal hippocampus than males, particularly in cold water. However, blocking neurogenesis did not alter Fos expression in either sex. Finally, morphologic analyses revealed greater experience-dependent plasticity in males. Adult-born neurons in males and females had similar morphology at baseline but training increased spine density and reduced presynaptic terminal size, specifically in males. Collectively, these findings indicate that adult-born neurons contribute to spatial learning in stressful conditions and they provide new evidence for sex differences in their behavioral functions.
Conditions for Synaptic Specificity during the Maintenance Phase of Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Huertas Marco A. , Newton Adam J. H. , McDougal Robert A. , Sacktor Todd Charlton , Shouval Harel Z.
Published: May 2022

Activity-dependent modifications of synaptic efficacies are a cellular substrate of learning and memory. Experimental evidence shows that these modifications are synapse specific and that the long-lasting effects are associated with the sustained increase in concentration of specific proteins like PKMζ. However, such proteins are likely to diffuse away from their initial synaptic location and spread out to neighboring synapses, potentially compromising synapse specificity. In this article, we address the issue of synapse specificity during memory maintenance. Assuming that the long-term maintenance of synaptic plasticity is accomplished by a molecular switch, we carry out analytical calculations and perform simulations using the reaction-diffusion package in NEURON to determine the limits of synapse specificity during maintenance. Moreover, we explore the effects of the diffusion and degradation rates of proteins and of the geometrical characteristics of dendritic spines on synapse specificity. We conclude that the necessary conditions for synaptic specificity during maintenance require that molecular switches reside in dendritic spines. The requirement for synaptic specificity when the molecular switch resides in spines still imposes strong limits on the diffusion and turnover of rates of maintenance molecules, as well as on the morphologic properties of synaptic spines. These constraints are quite general and apply to most existing models suggested for maintenance. The parameter values can be experimentally evaluated, and if they do not fit the appropriate predicted range, the validity of this class of maintenance models would be challenged.
Callosal Fiber Length Scales with Brain Size According to Functional Lateralization, Evolution, and Development
Authors: Yang Liyuan , Zhao Chenxi , Xiong Yirong , Zhong Suyu , Wu Di , Peng Shaoling , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Gong Gaolang
Published: May 2022

Brain size significantly impacts the organization of white matter fibers. Fiber length scaling, the degree to which fiber length varies according to brain size, was overlooked. We investigated how fiber lengths within the corpus callosum, the most prominent white matter tract, vary according to brain size. The results showed substantial variation in length scaling among callosal fibers, replicated in two large healthy cohorts (∼2000 human subjects, including both sexes). The underscaled callosal fibers mainly connected the precentral gyrus and parietal cortices, whereas the overscaled callosal fibers mainly connected the prefrontal cortices. The variation in such length scaling was biologically meaningful: larger scaling corresponded to larger neurite density index but smaller fractional anisotropy values; cortical regions connected by the callosal fibers with larger scaling were more lateralized functionally as well as phylogenetically and ontogenetically more recent than their counterparts. These findings highlight an interaction between interhemispheric communication and organizational and adaptive principles underlying brain development and evolution.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain size varies across evolution, development, and individuals. Relative to small brains, the neural fiber length in large brains is inevitably increased, but the degree of such increase may differ between fiber tracts. Such a difference, if it exists, is valuable for understanding adaptive neural principles in large versus small brains during evolution and development. The present study showed a substantial difference in the length increase between the callosal fibers that connect the two hemispheres, replicated in two large healthy cohorts. Together, our study demonstrates that reorganization of interhemispheric fibers length according to brain size is intrinsically related to fiber composition, functional lateralization, cortical myelin content, and evolutionary and developmental expansion.
Spontaneously Recycling Synaptic Vesicles Constitute Readily Releasable Vesicles in Intact Neuromuscular Synapses
Authors: Egashira Yoshihiro , Kumade Ayane , Ojida Akio , Ono Fumihito
Published: May 2022

Emerging evidence shows that spontaneous synaptic transmission plays crucial roles on neuronal functions through presynaptic molecular mechanisms distinct from that of action potential (AP)-evoked transmission. However, whether the synaptic vesicle (SV) population undergoing the two forms of transmission is segregated remains controversial due in part to the conflicting results observed in cultured neurons. Here we address this issue in intact neuromuscular synapses using transgenic zebrafish larvae expressing two different indicators targeted in the SVs: a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein, pHluorin, and a tag protein, HaloTag. By establishing a quantitative measure of recycled SV fractions, we found that ∼85% of SVs were mobilized by high-frequency AP firings. In contrast, spontaneously recycling SVs were mobilized only from <8% of SVs with a time constant of 45 min at 25°C, although prolonged AP inhibition mobilized an additional population with a delayed onset. The mobilization of the early-onset population was less temperature-sensitive and resistant to tetanus toxin, whereas that of the late-onset population was more sensitive to temperature and was inhibited by tetanus toxin, indicating that prolonged AP inhibition activated a distinct molecular machinery for spontaneous SV fusion. Therefore, the early-onset population limited to <8% was likely the only source of spontaneous release that occurred physiologically. We further showed that this limited population was independent from those reluctant to fuse during AP firing and was used in both the hypertonic stimulation and the immediate phase of AP-evoked releases, thereby matching the characteristics of the readily releasable pool.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic vesicles (SVs) are divided into functionally distinct pools depending on how they respond to action potential (AP) firing. The origin of SVs used for spontaneous fusion remains enigmatic despite intensive studies in cultured preparations. We addressed this question in intact neuromuscular synapses and provided two findings. First, prolonged AP inhibition activated a distinct population of fusion, which needs to be distinguished from genuine spontaneous fusion arising from a highly limited fraction. Second, the limited fraction observed early in the AP inhibition period exhibited the characteristics of readily releasable pool in the subsequent round of stimulation. Our study revealed that the origin of spontaneous SV fusion is restricted to the readily releasable pool among the SV pools involved in AP-evoked fusion.
Presupposition Triggers of Teacher Talk in Higher Education
Authors: Tyas Umi Aisyah Sulistyaning , Rukmini Dwi , Wuli Fitriati Sri
Published: May 2022

The present study is aimed at investigating the way of presupposition triggers realized in the lecturer talk. This qualitative research is conducted in English class of the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga by purposive sampling. The present study serves reading class recordings as the data. Reading class was chosen for the reason of similar process in making prediction on reading, i.e. schemata theory, with presumption on presupposition. It is equipped by observation and documentation in order to enhance confidence in the ensuing findings. The finding shows that presupposition triggers realized by the several categories; they are definite description, factive verb, implicative verb, change of state verb, iterative, verb of judging, temporal clause, comparison and contrast, non-restrictive relative clause, and question. The most frequent used category is definite description, with the simple structure of possessive construction and definite noun phrase. Another important result is the preference to use question as the next favored triggers.
The Realization of Appraisal in Eulogies Given by People of Various Relationships toward John McCain
Authors: Pratiwi Dita Ayu , Rukmini Dwi , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

An appraisal explains about language use on how the speakers or the writers negotiate their feeling with others or how the certain attitude is expressed in spoken or written text. The aim of this study is to identify the realization of appraisal in eulogies given by people of various relationships toward John McCain and explain the similarities and differences from those appraisals. The data are the clause of appraisals from the eulogy by George W. Bush, Meghan McCain, and Barack Obama. This study is discourse analysis and by attempting appraisal framework from Martin and White (2005) theory. The method of collecting data is documentation method. The result shows that all speakers used the appraising items of attitude, engagement and graduation. The former president George W. Bush produced 64 appraising items; her daughter Meghan produced 140 appraising items, while the former president Barack Obama produced 168 appraising items. The main similarity seems that George W. Bush and Meghan McCain are more dominant to use appraisal of attitude. Besides that, the difference show that Barack Obama is more dominant to use the feature of engagement. In the feature of attitude, all of them apply positive and negative items of un/happiness. In judgement and appreciation, the speakers do not apply the items of veracity and valuation. Besides that, all features of engagement used in their speech and dominant in the feature of disclaim. Meanwhile, the differences show that Barack Obama does not use the item of focus in appraisal of graduation. This study also gives the pedagogical implication for the language learners to use the appropriate expressions and to negotiate the feeling while doing the interaction or communication with others.
The The Paratactic and Hypotactic Constructions in Research Article Abstracts at 2018 ISET Proceedings
Authors: Sarip Sri Kurnia , Fitriati Sri Wuli , Rukmini Dwi
Published: May 2022

The present study was a part of larger research aimed at analysing the research article abstracts taken from International Conference on Science and Education and Technology 2018 (ISET 2018). This study was descriptive study under SFL analysis in research article abstracts at 2018 ISET realized from 170 clause complexes. Under a SFL theory, the data were collected through retrieving twenty relevant article abstracts on the International Conference on Science and Education and Technology 2018 (ISET 2018). The article abstracts are analysed using the framewok of systemic functional linguistic as suggested by Halliday & Matthiessen (2014). However, in this study the writer employs the taxis sytems which covers elaboration, extension, and enhancement. Besides, logico-semantic relation is also analysed which covers projection and expansion. The findings reveal that there are 81 clause complexes of parataxis which are realised 47%, afterwards, there are 35 clause complexes of hypotaxis which are realised 20.5%. Hence, the researchers is more using parataxis then hypotaxis. Bassed on the findings, it is recommended that English teacher can apply clause constructions to encourage the English learners to think critically. After being able to implement their critical thinking, the English learners are hoped to be able to read critically. Through having critical reading, they are suggested to be able to evaluate both their works and the other works as the main purpose in learning systemic functional linguistics.
Teachersâ€™ Perception, Plan, and Implementation of Portfolio Assessment in Studentsâ€™ Writing Assessment
Authors: Virgin Junnilalita Aisya , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate how teachers perceive, plan and implement portfolio assessment in studentsâ€™ writing assessment. a acse study as a part of qualitative reserch design is employed in this study. The study involved an English teacher of SMP N 8 Semarang (#T2) and an English teacher of SMA N 2 Semarang (#T1). The data were gathered through questionnaire, interview, observation and documents analysis. From the results of analysis, the study revealed that both teachers had positive perception of portfolio assessment in studentsâ€™ writing assessment. That was indicated from their agreement and positive thoughts on portfolio development and implementation, its effectiveness as an educational tool and its influence on the instructional practices, teacher and studentsâ€™ roles and responsibilities during the portfolio development. Unfortunately, their portfolio knowledge was insufficient. The two partcipants lesson plans analysis showed that teachers have unplanned portfolio development. That was seen from their lesson plans which portfolio steps and rubric could not be found. Teachers portfolio development and implementation run less succesfully. That was because teachers lack of preparation of the portfolio, the absence of studentsâ€™ self-assessment or reflection and there was no clear rubric of assessment that teachers prepared. Time management, storage and portfolio rubric became the main problems that teachers faced during their journey in developing portfolio. Furthermore, teachersâ€™ positive perception was not aligned with their portfolio plan. Misalignment also found between teachersâ€™ good perception with their classroom practices. That was because teachers missed several essential elements of portfolio. One of the factor is because teachers have insufficient portfolio knowledge. Some training and workshops as well as individual professional development were needed for the teachers in order to improve their professional development.
Digital Literacy via Readersâ€™ Responses towards Humor Presented in â€œ9GAG Memesâ€
Authors: Listiyaningsih Fina , Rukmini Dwi , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

Language education by using digital literacy via reader response approaches towards humor presented in social media will attract the student attention during learning process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the text produced by learners in order to explain how they provide responses towards humorous, fearing, annoying, pitiful, and confusing memes.This research is a qualitative research. The approach of the research is descriptive approach. This research was a readers response analysis focusing on descriptive qualitative. The data collecting done by observation, documentation and questionnaires. The subject of the study are students of SMA Negeri 1 Pecangaan Jepara. The method applied in this research is General Theory of Verbal Humor and Reader â€˜s Response Theory as the approach in which the researcher related the contexts of the data to the data analyzed in order to make replicable and valid inferences from data to its context. The result of the research shows digital literacy skill of the XII grade of SMA Negeri 1 Pecangaan Jepara students is quite good. The reader accepts the aspects of humor through their current contribution on their response inside their peer group.
The The Implementation of Initiationâ€“Responseâ€“Feedback (IRF) in EFL Writing Class
Authors: Atmojo Fajar Nugroho Dwi , Saleh Mursid , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

Classroom interaction has been an interesting discussion in the research of discourse as well as language education itself. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation of initiation-response-feedback (IRF) model in EFL writing class. IRF is a pattern of classroom interaction found by Sinclair and Coulthard in 1975 that stands for teacher initiation, studentsâ€™ response and feedback by teacher.  This study was a case study with several steps conducted by its researcher in analyzing the data. The analysis of the data began with the process of organizing data from the result of recording, transcribing data into paper-based transcriptions, coding the data, calculating the occurences of the teaching exchange pattern and IRF pattern, reporting the findings, and interpreting the findings. The results of the study showed that both teacher and students implemented the IRF model in teaching and learning process, especially in writing class. In this study there are five teaching exchanges which occurred based on Sinclair and Coulthard (1975)â€™s model including teacher inform, teacher direct, teacher elicit, student inform, and check. Furthermore, the classroom interaction process in EFL writing class reflected the patterns of IRF sequence. As the conclusion, it is recommended that the teacher should maintain the effectiveness of classroom interaction and give much opportunity to the students to take role in classroom verbal interaction through reflecting the IRF pattern in teaching learning process particularly in EFL writing class.
The The Implementation of Scientific Approach in Teaching Speaking with Appropriate Lesson Plan Based on 2013 Curriculum
Authors: Sodik Fajar , Faridi Abdurrachman , Saleh Mursid
Published: May 2022

This study focused on the implementation of scientific approach in teaching speaking with appropriate lesson plan. The steps consist in observing, questioning, associating, experimenting and communicating. This study also focused on the appropriateness of lesson plan viewed from 2013 curriculum guideline. This study used case study in qualitative descriptive. The sample in this study was three English teachers at SMP Negeri 40 Semarang. The result shows that English teachers at SMP Negeri 40 were implementing scientific approach based on 2013. The implementation was in five main steps. They were observing, questioning, associating, experimenting and communicating. All the steps had been implemented well based on 2013 curriculum. There were some problems in implementing scientific approach. The problems in implementing scientific approach in teaching speaking were in communicating step and the difficulties in time management, confidence of the students and also pronunciation. Related to the appropriateness of the lesson plan, all the principles and criteria had been fulfilled except the attention on the studentsâ€™ differences and developing the culture in reading and writing. The finding can be used by as a reference in implementing scientific approach.
The Effect of Teachersâ€™ Use of Deixis on Studentsâ€™ Understanding of Their Talk
Authors: Jumaedah Ninik , Saleh Mursid , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2022

Language is crucial in human life as it cannot be separated from human being. People could deliver his or her thought by using language. Deixis is defined as words used to point on something that depends on the context. According to Levinson the single most obvious way in which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structures of language themselves, is through the phenomenon of deixis. The aim of this study is to investigate the topic based on the observation, the realization of deixis also existed in education. The phenomenon occured when the English teacher explained the lessons in a classroom during the teaching learning process in SMA Islam Sultan Agung 3 Semarang. In obtaining the data, The research design used in this study was a qualitative research (particularly, a classroom analysis) supported by a bit of quantitative data. The object of the study comprised two things, namely teachersâ€™ and studentsâ€™ use of deixis in their talk. Person deixis was dominant used by interaction in class between students and English teacher of their talk. the teacherâ€™s questionnaire could be said as valid.. The rtableused was 0.878 since the sample size was two teachers. And then, the students questionnaire was also valid. the rtableused was 0.388 since the sample size was thirty students. Pre-test were 46.6. After doing the same calculation procedures as to the post -test, the researcher found that the studentsâ€™ mean score 81.0 from the data.
The effectiveness of socrative and kahoot to teach grammar to students with different interest
Authors: Maesaroh Maesaroh , Faridi Abdurrachman , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of socrative and kahootto teach grammar to students with different interest. The objectives of the study are, to analyze high and low interest studentsâ€™ score of grammar in order to explain the effectiveness of socrative, to analyze high and low interest studentsâ€™ score of grammar in order to explain the effectiveness of kahoot, to analyze the significant difference between the students with high interest after taught by using Socrative and Kahoot to teach grammar, to analyze the significant difference between the students with low interest after taught by using Socrative and Kahoot to teach grammar, to analyze how the interaction is among teaching, studentsâ€™ interest and grammar. It was an experimental research with 2x2 factorial design. I used questionnaire, observation and test. The data from questionnaire and grammar test is analyzed quantitatively using T-test and ANOVA.The results of this research showed that socrative to students with high and low interest (79.17 and 57.50) and kahoot to students with high and low interest (85.50 and 62.86) are effective. Mean score of kahoot multimedia was higher than socrative in teaching grammar. There was no significant interaction among multimedia, interest and studentsâ€™ grammar achievement..
The Discourse of Satire in Indonesia Political Cartoons At â€œPoliklitik.comâ€
Authors: Sulistyowati Lilis , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin , Alek Alek , Nugraha Dadan
Published: May 2022

A specific cartoon is commonly used to lead public opinion to a particular phenomenon. It is created to realize or to ask people opinions or thought on political issues. This study analyzed the satire of political cartoons selected in the themes of â€œ Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana â€ (RUU KUHP) or The Draft of the Book of Criminal Law relating three articles on human right, livestock, and land in Indonesia in September 2019. This study identified the satirical messages delivered by cartoonists based on the verbal and visual as text analysis, discourse practices analysis on the netizensâ€™ comments in cartoon column, and sociocultural analysis becoming the backdrop of these political cartoons. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a framework by Fairclough (2000). The findings showed that these political cartoons were used to satire the government and the House of Representatives to reject several drafts considered detrimental to society. This research is expected to be a useful input for the community to understand that cartoons can be used to convey social criticism. Also, people will realize that political cartoons are not only just fun for the humour, but also understand the message expressed by cartoonists in their work. For related media, cartoons can be used to convey social criticism by promoting its benefits for all levels of society.
Translation Techniques and Quality of Indonesian-English Translation of Captions in Pekalongan Batik Museum
Authors: Nurpermadi Erwin Dwi , Hartono Rudi , Sutopo Djoko
Published: May 2022

This study aims to classify and identify how the translation techniques and quality achieved in Indonesian-English translation of Captions in Pekalongan Batik Museum. The aim is broken down into translation techniques, accuracy, acceptability, readability, and the translation quality influenced by translation techniques. The data of this study is the captions in Pekalongan batik museum written in Indonesian and English. The limitation of this study covers up the translation techniques and quality of Indonesian-English Translation of captions in Pekalongan Batik Museum. Descriptive qualitative research is employed in this study. The data gathered through 331 sentences for translation techniques and 30 texts in the form of captions for being investigated in translation quality. The results show that thirteen of the eighteen translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir (2002) are chosen by the translator. They are: literal translation, reduction, borrowing, addition, generalization, modulation, established equivalent, transposition, adaptation, particularization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, and calque. The result of the analysis in the translation quality shows that the captions in Pekalongan batik museum as accurate, acceptable, and readable translation.
The Use of Formulaic Expressions in the Reading Texts of Senior High School Textbooks Grade XI
Authors: Wibowo Yudha Pambudi , Rukmini Dwi
Published: May 2022

The present study investigated formulaic expressions in Senior High School textbooks grade XI that are written by non-native speakers. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the types of formulaic expressions in the reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School Textbooks (2) to analyze reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the functions of formulaic expressions, (3) to evaluate reading texts of grade XI of Senior High School textbooks in order to explain the appropriateness of formulaic expressions. The data were taken from reading texts in the English textbooks. The units of analysis were major and minor clauses that contain formulaic expressions. The main category of formulaic expressions was based on Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, and Fineganâ€™s (1999) structural category of formulaic expressions. An observation sheet was used as a research instrument. This study showed that (1) not all of lexical bundles variants were fully applied in the reading texts. There were not many examples of idiomatic phrases in the reading texts, (2) formulaic expressions in the reading texts presented various functions, (3) few lexical bundles and free combinations of verb + particles were not appropriately used in the reading texts. The present study revealed that few of formulaic expressions in the reading texts are unnatural. Therefore, the reading texts need improvement. This study offers suggestions especially to the textbook authors regarding the naturalness of formulaic expressions. This study reminds EFL teachers to be more aware of the use of formulaic expressions.
Subtitling Techniques and the Quality of Indonesian Subtitles of The English Teacher
Authors: Hudi Anugrah Cahyo , Hartono Rudi , Yuliasri Issy
Published: May 2022

Translation in Indonesia is not only used in literary or scientific texts, but also in an audio visual field such as a movie. Many movies in Indonesia come from other countries and use English language. In this case, movie subtitling is needed to make the audience understand the subtitles more easily. This study analyzed the subtitles of a movie called The English Teacher. This study used a descriptive qualitative method and employed documentation and questionnaire to collect data. The English and Indonesian movie scripts were distributed to Indonesian adult target readers to examine the techniques and its quality. In this study, a theory from Molina and Albir (2002) was used to analyze the techniques and the quality assessment was based on a theory from Nababan (2012). There were 12 techniques found in the subtitles. The most dominant technique used by the translator was literal. To analyze the translation quality, 18 respondents participated as the raters; 3 expert readers and 15 adults target readers. The results revealed that there were 1286 data. Based on Nababan, the maximum score of the quality was 3, while the average score of accuracy, acceptability, and readability was 2.67, 2.79, and 2.86. This study also found a relation between types of techniques employed in translation and its quality. It can be concluded that the qualities of the subtitles were accurate, acceptable, and readable.
Flouting of Griceâ€™s Maxims in the Humorous Utterances in American Situation Comedy 2 Broke Girls
Authors: Rafika Rahmi , Yuliasri Issy , Warsono Warsono
Published: May 2022

In daily life, when people interact, they sometimes use humorous utterances in the conversation. Humor may occur because the speakers flout Griceâ€™s maxims. This study aims to describe how Griceâ€™s maxims flout in the humorous utterances in American Situation Comedy 2 Broke Girls in Season 6 Episode 3-9 and the humorous utterances usually contain laughter. The finding of this study shows that all types of maxims were flouted by the actors and there are different language styles involved in the conversations. The maxim which is flouted the most is quantity and the language style which is found the most is hyperbole. The contents of situation which cause the actors to flout Griceâ€™s maxims are as follows; the actors flout maxim of quality when they say something which is blatantly untrue or they lacks adequate. Then, in flouting of maxim of quantity, the actors sometimes give too little information and too much information. The third, the actors flouts maxim of manner when they say ambiguous, sometime being obscure. Last, the actors flout the maxim of relation if they say something irrelevant in responding to the previous topic. This study can be concluded that Griceâ€™s maxims flouted in humorous utterances and the language styles are also found. The most dominant maxim that flouted is quantity.
The Effectiveness of Role-Play and Information-Gap in E â€“ Teaching Speaking Skill for High-Low Self-Confident Students
Authors: Rafsanjani Ali Akbar , Suwandi Suwandi , Linggar Bharati Dwi Anggani
Published: May 2022

Teaching speaking is not easy. The teacher has to use an appropriate technique in teaching speaking. The research problem came from the Eighth Grade students of SMPN 1 Arjawinangun Cirebon. The students were passive in conversation when someone talked in English because the teacher taught using traditional method which made them bored and could not give feedback in English conversation. On the studentsâ€™ side, they get difficulties in learning speaking because they felt bored and passive during teaching and learning process. This research aims to explain how significant the studentsâ€™ achievement taught by using role play and information gap technique conducted with high and low self-confident of students in e-teaching speaking context. The research design was a quasi-experimental design with a 2x2 factorial design involving the eighth-grade students SMPN 1 Arjawinangun, Cirebon as the research participants. There were two experimental groups involved. The studentsâ€™ different self-confidence was taken as a factor that might influence the techniques. In collecting the data, the writer used speaking test to get studentsâ€™ scores and questionnaires made by Google Form and on-line system. The data was analyzed using ANOVA to answer the main hypotheses. Based on the analysis of the significance score was 0.178 which was higher than 0.05. It can be concluded that there was no significant difference on the studentsâ€™ achievement taught by role play and information-gap for students with high and low self-confidence. This research is expected to give a contribution to the research such as giving appropriate technique to teach speaking in e-learning.
Curiosity Factors and English Language Achievements: Non-English Students Department
Authors: Gumartifa Asti , Windra Dwie Agustiani Indah , Elfarissyah Andriamella
Published: May 2022

Curiosity is fundamental in inspiring students to learn English as a foreign language. Their curiosity, on the other hand, does not exist when they are studying English. Students believe that studying English is difficult and implementing speaking skills is even more challenging. This article identifies critical points to recognize students’ curiosity in learning English language as non-English department students’ through a literature reviews. This is a descriptive study, where the researcher finds some supporting theories in term of curiousity in learning English as a foreign language. It relates to the theory that emphasis the difference among students’ curiosity in learning English. Theory and evidence are discussed in the field of psychology and pedagogy, curiosity and education, curiousity in learning, socioeconomic and curiosity. The study's conclusion is that there is no level of socio-economic difference in the curiosity possessed by a student. Curiosity serves intrinsic motivation to learn English language. Consider factors such as learning facilities; language laboratorium, English language atmosphere and environment, partners’ stimulation and feedback on student in practicing English, and socioeconomic status analysis. Therefore, curiosity is as a self-motivation for English language achievement which involves teachers and students. The findings of this study can help educators have a better understanding of how to get children to enjoy English. Teachers can provide attractive learning procedures, materials, and strategies. Students will have a high level of interest as a result of this experience of compassion.
Evaluating the Use of Discourse Markers in Selected English Education Journal Articles
Authors: Raputri Egi , Pratama Hendi , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2022

Considering the important roles of discourse markers in writing academic purposes, the researchers evaluate the use of discourse markers in English Education Journal articles. This research aims to find out the types of discourse markers precisely contrastive, elaborative and inferential discourse markers, and the errors in using those expressions. This research uses a qualitative research design with the data from written language especially the journal articles published by English Education Journal (EEJ). Thus, specifically this research employs content analysis. There were twenty journal articles analyzed. They represented their volume especially there are four volumes in 2020. The findings of this research demonstrated that all of the research data applied those types of discourse markers. The type of elaborative discourse markers were the first type used by the writers. It is the frequently used by the writers in the journal articles. In this case, it used in 890 times. The expression frequently used is and. Meanwhile, the errors in using discourse markers in the journal articles occurred in 17 times. Here, the wrong relation category as the commonly applied in 7 times. These findings inform us to improve our awareness in applying those expressions. Thus, it can be concluded that the discourse markers is required in creating journal articles. Therefore, the writers have to concern regarding to the categories of errors in using discourse markers for avoiding inappropriateness.
The Implementation of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Assessment to Evaluate the Students’ Reading Comprehension Achievement
Authors: Amali Leila Nurul , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi , Rozi Fahrur
Published: May 2022

HOTS promote the idea of assessing students’ critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving. However, many teachers claimed to have difficulties in designing questions and implementing them in teaching and learning process. The present study aimed to explain how teachers perceive, implement, and assess HOTS assessment in teaching reading comprehension. It employed an exploratory sequential design. Using the purposive sampling technique, two English teachers from SMA N 1 Pati were involved. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, classroom observations, and tests. This study reveals that the teachers had a good perception of HOTS assessment in terms of concept and implementation. They implemented HOTS assessment using appropriate strategies and methods in teaching reading comprehension. In addition, the teachers designed the proper assessment using HOTS assessment in assessing reading comprehension. The students’ achievement also had achieved the required score in reading comprehension. All the results aligned with teachers’ perceptions, implementations, assessments, and students’ achievement. Although the teachers had exemplary performance, they still met difficulties due to students’ needs and motivation. Therefore, it was expected for further research to conduct more detailed research in a long time to collect more valid and complete information about HOTS assessment.
English Teachersâ€™ Perception on Strategies in Teaching Reading Comprehension to Motivate the Students
Authors: Nugroho Toto , Bharati Dwi Anggani Linggar , Hartono Rudi
Published: May 2022

A teacher should have good perception of teaching and strategies to deal with some difficulties that can be aroused in the process of reading. However, the teachersâ€™ background of State Senior High School of Pemalang Regency are various. This condition make different perception when they performed in their teaching English in their classroom. The present study sought to explore English teachersâ€™ perception of learning second language. Motivation is one of the important factors which impacts greatly on language learning. One of the most important factors which receives the special focus in foreign language teaching is reading motivation. More recently, studies on reading motivation have also gained much interest. This review paper is going to consider the impact of reading motivation on reading comprehension. In this paper, the researcher explains the terms of strategies, motivation,  reading comprehension, and different models of reading comprehension. The review of this study showed that teachersâ€™ strategies on teaching reading comprehension  had a considerably positive effect on reading comprehension activities.
The Implementation of Translation Ideology of Cultural Terms in Andrea Hirataâ€™s Novel Laskar Pelangi
Authors: Pahlawanita Nur Via , Hartono Rudi , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: May 2022

This research is concerned with translation study, which is the translation ideology  used in the translation  of  cultural   terms found  in  Andrea  Hirataâ€™s  novel  LaskarPelangi  into  its  English version, The Rainbow  Troops. The objectives of the  research are  to answer the  following  four things : (1) to describe the cultural  terms items categories found in the novel (2) to describe the techniques of  translation applied  in the  translation of  term  items found  in the  novel  to  its translation (3) to describe the ideology  of translation applied, in the translation of cultural  term items  found   in  the  novel  and  its  translation,  and  (4)  to  describe  the  degree of  meaning equivalence  of  the  Indonesian  cultural  terms in the  novel  as realized  in its  translation.  The writer uses qualitative descriptive method in order  to reach the  objective of the  research. The writer  employs himself to  collect  data; by reading the  novel  and  its translation, marking  the cultural  words, classifying, selecting and  analyzing them  based on the  theories of translation procedure  and   translation  strategy  which   are   taken   from   some  relevant  references.  The findings  of this  research show that:  first,  there  were  168  data of cultural  terms found  in the novel, and  categorized into  Newmarkâ€™s five  categories of  cultural  terms, with  the  following results : ecology   category 48  data, material culture   27  data, social culture   14  data, social organization 77 data, and  gesture and  habit  2 data; second, the  are  12 translation techniques applied  by the translator,  third, based on the techniques of translation used, that  mostly tend  to Target  Language, it can  be  concluded that  the  translation ideology  used by the  translator is domestication  ideology;  fourth,  the   degree  of   meaning  equivalence  were   60.12   %  fully equivalence, 31.55  % partly equivalence, 5.95 %non-equivalence, and 2.38% unrealized.
Realization of Actional and Formulaic Competence in Teachersâ€™ Talk in English Language Class
Authors: Colle Andi Tenry Lawangen Aspat , Fitriati Sri Wuli
Published: May 2022

A number of studies have investigated the phenomenon of teachersâ€™ talk to explain its role in the process of acquiring a target language in a classroom setting. However, studies of teachersâ€™ talk in the field of communicative competence and it sub-competence have not much done yet. Three English teachers at SMAN 1 Semarang, SMA Nasional Karangturi Semarang, and SMA Mardisiswa Semarang were involved in this spoken discourse study to explain the realization of actional competence which proposed by Celce_Murcia et al. (1995) and formulaic competence based on the Biber et alâ€™s. (2004) theory in teachersâ€™ talk. Furthermore, this study also explained the relationship between those competencies. The findings of this study revealed that English teachers mostly performed actional competence in five sub-categories namely asking questions, giving instructions, explaining, reacting to interlocutorsâ€™ speech, and complementing.  Related to the realization of lexical bundles, teachersâ€™ talk mainly contained verb phrase along with dependent clauses. In contrast, lexical bundles that incorporate noun phrase and preposition fragments accounted for only a small proportion of lexical bundles. Dealing with the relationship between both competences, it revealed that there is a stock of lexical bundles on each language function. Seeing there is a relationship between both competences, the teachers must choose appropriate utterances in a given situation as the model for the students. The teachers need to maintain a balance, they are not only focused on grammar and pronunciation, but also have adequate knowledge and competence of lexical bundles for performing appropriate language functions.
The Use of Cultural Transposition for Rendering Culture-Specific Items in English-to-Indonesian Translation of Brownâ€™s Inferno
Authors: Alimul Khakim Muhammad , Anggani Linggar Bharati Dwi , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: May 2022

Translation always involves the transfer of culture between languages. Culture-specific items (CSIs) are objects of translation that often make translator find difficulty due to their peculiarity that root in source language (SL) culture. This requires the translator to consider both the SL culture and target language (TL) culture. Cultural transposition that consists of exoticism, cultural borrowing, calque, communicative translation, and cultural transplantation are translation procedures that concern with the transfer of culture between languages. This research is aimed to analyze the implementation of these procedures in rendering CSI from English to Indonesian. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research approach. The interpretation of the data is described in depth explanation. The object of this study is CSI extracted from Brownâ€™s Inferno novel. The results of this study show that almost all of the cultural transposition procedures are implemented in rendering CSI in all categories. Results also show how these procedures are implemented in practices. Exoticism is implemented on items that are very peculiar to SL or items that derive from language that is not popular in TL. There are also a large number of CSI in the form of names that requires the translator to transfer the item without modification. Cultural borrowing procedure is implemented in on items that are strange but derive from language that is popular in TL or items in which TL culture have owned their general kind. This is done by phonological adjustment and specification. Calque is implemented on CSI in which their elements can be translated to TL. Results also show CSIs in the category of names are rendered using calque. Meanwhile, communicative translation and cultural transposition, from the result, only occur in CSI in the form of common expressions. Communicative translation occurs in rendering CSI that requires an explanation for its peculiarity. This is done by making a simple description that explains the CSI. Cultural transplantation is implemented in CSI that is developed differently in TL such as measurement/scales. This is done by rendering items with others that are similar or by converting that scales roughly. As the conclusion, there is a tendency that CSIs are rendered with SL biases procedures that bring TL readers to SL cultures.
The Comparison of Appraisal Resources in Argumentative Essays Written by Students with Different Proficiency Levels
Authors: Fauziah Meli , Warsono Warsono , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to explain the appraisal resources manifested in argumentative essays written by undergraduate students with high and low proficiency level, as well as their similarities and differences of using appraisal resources. This study employed qualitative research in the form of written discourse analysis. The appraisal resources checklist adapted from Martin and White (2005) is used to determine the distribution of appraising items of attitude, engagement and graduation in argumentative essays written by high and low proficiency students. Out of 16 students chosen as the sample, 8 students are categorized as having high proficiency level, and the others eight belong to low proficiency level. The results of this study revealed that both groups of students utilized all subsystem of appraisal resources. However, high proficiency students dominantly used engagement  rather than attitude and graduation. Meanwhile, the lows one utilized more attitude than engagement and graduation. In term of attitude, high proficiency students produced more appreciation. It showed that the argumentative essays written by high proficiency students are more appreciative than emotional and judgmental to align their personal voices in conveying their thoughts and opinions. In addition, in term of engagement, both groups dominantly applied entertain item in which it showed that both groups of students are successful to show their authorial voice towards the topic given. Finally, in graduation feature, force is dominantly used by both groups of students which means that they tried to intensify and quantify their arguments to build strong persuasion.