bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boarding the Euro Plane: Euro Adoption in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Verdun Amy , Dandashly Assem
Published: May 2020

What explains the euro adoption strategies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia? How have each of these two countries performed under the regime they joined (Czech Republic: flexible exchange rates; Slovakia: in the euro area)?  How has that experience affected Czech and Slovak policies towards euro adoption and their performance during the euro crisis? This paper asks these questions and seeks to give an answer to the question why Slovakia adopted the euro while the Czech Republic did not. We address these questions by taking an eclectic approach that draws on constructivism and symbolism, historical institutionalism and domestic politics. The paper examines five explanations based on these theoretical approaches: the inferiority-superiority factor; European identity and the ‘return’ to Europe; symbolic factor of the currency; euroskepticism; and economic structure and trade relations.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i2.232
Brand image and customer loyalty: Transmitting roles of cognitive and affective brand trust
Authors: Huang Liang , Wang Muning , Chen Zhiling , Deng Benchi , Huang Wenfeng
Published: May 2020

In this study we explored the effect of brand trust on the relationship between brand image and customer loyalty. We took Procter & Gamble as the target brand and developed and tested a theoretical model regarding the relationships among brand image, brand trust (i.e., cognitive
and affective), and customer loyalty (i.e., repurchase and advocacy intention) using path analysis and bias-corrected bootstrapping. Empirical results of data from 283 consumers revealed that brand image was positively related to both cognitive and affective brand trust. Brand image was indirectly
correlated with both repurchase and advocacy intention through cognitive brand trust, and brand image was indirectly related to advocacy intention through affective brand trust. These findings provide a basis for enterprise marketing management to enhance customer loyalty by shaping the brand
image.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC KITS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HIV-1 RNA PRODUCED IN RUSSIA
Authors: Lapovok I. A. , Lopatukhin A. E. , Kirichenko A. A. , Murzakova A. V. , Kireev D. E.
Published: May 2020

Aim: to carry out the comparative analysis of Russian kits for HIV-1 viral load (VL) measuring: AmpliSens HIV-monitor-FRT, AmpliSens HIV-monitor-Duo-FL, RealBest RNA HIV quantitative, HIV-GEN quantitative.

Materials and methods: we analyzed the collection of clinical blood plasma samples with VL 590–2,05×106 copies/ml, dilutions of HIV-1 2nd International Standard, as well as panels of subtypes and recombinant forms of HIV-1 group M. The convergence of the results was determined using the Spearman correlation analysis and the Bland-Altman method.

Results. A high level of convergence of VL measuring results in clinical samples (n=76) was determined for all compared kits with the value of approximation reliability R of at least 0,85. The maximum difference between the median values of VL results (0,48 log, ≈3-fold) was obtained for HIVMonitor-FRT and RealBest quantitative, which did not exceed the acceptable discordance rate in two kits comparing. All dilutions of the 2nd international HIV-1 standard were successfully determined by all kits with middle error 0,16–0,34 lg copies/ml. All kits successfully revealed the most of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants studied with middle deviation 0,02–0,56 log copies/ml. HIV-GEN quantitative demonstrated the highest accuracy, but didn’t reveal ADG-recombinant.
HIV INFECTION CURE STRATEGIES: BASIC METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND DIFFICULTIES OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Bobkova M. R.
Published: May 2020

The review article is devoted to the state-of-the-art of eradication and functional cure of HIV infection. The issues related to the history of the discovery, characteristics and origin of the main HIV reservoirs, possible approaches to their elimination, exam- ples of the clinical cure of HIV infection and the principal directions of developing tools for targeted destruction of latently infect- ed HIV cell reservoirs are discussed shortly. The circle of methodological approaches for measuring the reservoirs volume is outlined; their advantages and disadvantages are characterized. The procedure for HIV eradication agents’ clinical trials, including the period of analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy, is described.
SABERES, [RE] CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES E CONTRADIÇÃO TRABALHO-CAPITAL EM COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA
Authors: Miranda Ellen , Rodrigues Doriedson
Published: May 2020

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a [re]construção de identidades na contradição trabalho-capital, no contexto da Comunidade Quilombola Tambaí-Açu – Mocajuba/PA, Amazônia. Trata-se de investigação qualitativa, pautada no materialismo histórico-dialético. Conclui-se que o trabalho na comunidade é permeado por interesses antagônicos, dado a coexistência com modo de produção capitalista, configurado no monocultivo intensivo da pimenta-do-reino, e a negação a esta lógica, ao [re]criarem saberes do trabalho que compõem os mutirões quilombolas.
A EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA SOB FOGO CRUZADO: CONVERSA COM GAUDÊNCIO FRIGOTTO
Authors: Da Silva Cristiane Moreira , Kronemberger Gabriela Almeida , Borges Rodrigo dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Nos últimos anos, a educação pública brasileira esteve no centro do debate político. A Reforma do Ensino Médio trouxe incertezas quanto a capacidade do novo modelo de garantir uma educação verdadeiramente integral aos estudantes. Além disso, a falta de investimento público na educação, agravada com a aprovação da emenda do teto dos gastos públicos, coloca sob fogo cruzado importantes políticas públicas realizadas no país nas últimas décadas. Buscando entender essas questões, intermediamos um encontro entre discentes do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin, e nosso convidado: Gaudêncio Frigotto.
NEODESENVOLVIMENTISMO E EDUCAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DO PRONATEC AMBIENTAL
Authors: Oliveira Thiago da Silva , Do Bomfim Alexandre Maia
Published: May 2020

Esse artigo aponta o avanço da conciliação entre interesses desenvolvimentistas e ambientalistas no Brasil, representado pelo projeto neodesenvolvimentista. Notamos uma educação ambiental mais preocupada com as vantagens econômicas que esse discurso pode oferecer, do que com os interesses socioambientais. Ao olharmos para o Curso Técnico em Meio Ambiente do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec) vimos a materialização dessa perspectiva na Educação, desvelando uma concepção utilitarista do meio ambiente, correspondente a uma demanda específica do mercado brasileiro.
Regeneração do nervo infra-orbital por neurotmese intrabucal
Authors: Melo Ricardo Eugenio Varela Ayres de , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel
Published: May 2020

Os nervos periféricos não estão livres de sofrer alterações de qualquer tipo, que se traduzem em uma perda de função, a condução nervosa, causando alterações sensitivas e motoras que anulam funcionalmente órgãos importantes, tais como os que o profissional se torna obrigado, no seu transcurso, em cirurgias radicais, a realizar o seccionamento de troncos nervosos. Este trabalho visou a avaliar, macroscopicamente, a regeneração do nervo infra-orbital após a neurotmese induzida em cirurgia intrabucal. Foram usados trinta ratos adultos jovens, divididos em três grupos de dez animais, sacrificados com trinta, sessenta e dois e noventa e um dias após o procedimento cirúrgico realizado no biotério da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se que, de acordo com a técnica utilizada, houve, em todos os casos e em todos os tempos pós-operatórios, a completa regeneração macroscópica do nervo infra-orbital após a neurotmese induzida. Utilizou-se, também, a avaliação microscópica, confirmando a avaliação macroscópica pela observação das características histológicas da regeneração nervosa.
Odontogeriatria na universidade: para não perder tempo
Authors: Padilha Dalva Maria Pereira , Baldisserotto Julio , Soll Leonardo , Bercht Solange , Petry Paulo
Published: May 2020

O número de pessoas idosas está aumentando no mundo. Este aumento na população idosa é mais rápido nos países em desenvolvimento, incluindo o Brasil. As necessidades de saúde bucal e a preservação de dentes entre as pessoas idosas têm aumentado o interesse na Odontogeriatria. A Odontologia Geriátrica está se tornando não apenas um importante tema da educação odontológica. É importante não perder tempo para a incorporação da Odontogeriatria nos currículos de gradução e pós-graduação em Odontologia. Este trabalho examina aspectos demográficos, conceitos atuais, introduz novos conceitos relativos à Odontogeriatria e expõe como a Odontogeriatria está iniciando como disciplina na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Priority Factors of Online Food Purchasing By Young Muslims
Authors: Aliyanti Fitri Eka , Iqbal Muhammad , Virgiawan Rheyza
Published: May 2020

This research is purposed to determine the factors that influence online food purchase decision making, by classifying them into certain classifications, namely primary dish, snack, and beverage, and emphasizing on purchase made online by Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta students. Furthermore, this research analyzes how halal awareness influences their purchasing decisions. The primary data sources were obtained using semi-structured interviews. The method of data analysis was performed by ranking respondents' answers using the scoring method. The result of this research shows that the most influential factors in purchasing decision making are halal awareness, with a sequence of elements from the most prioritized to those not as follows: halal awareness, favorite/preferences, taste, price, health, curiosity, advertisement, lifestyle, packaging, then bandwagon effect, and themost important factor influencing food online purchase decisions is halal awareness. Thus, from this study, it can be concluded that the majority of UII students have considered the halal aspect when making online food purchases.
Hasan Hüseyin Korkmazgil'in Made İn Turkey Adlı Mizahi Öykülerinde Siyasi Eleşti
Authors: ERTUŞ AYŞE
Published: May 2020

Mizah, gülmeye dayalı bir anlatım tarzıdır. Mizah kimi zaman düşündürmek, eleştirmek hatta tedirgin etmek gibi görevler de üstlenir. Halkı bilinçlendirmek ve egemen sınıfla alay ederek onu çürütmek amacı güden mizah “görevci ve yararcı gülmece” olarak adlandırılır. Bu gülmecenin temelinde eleştiri vardır. Eleştiriler gülmecenin boyutuyla çoğunlukla sisteme ve siyasi iktidarlara yöneliktir.
Türk edebiyatında çoğunlukla şairliğiyle adından söz ettiren Hasan Hüseyin Korkmazgil (1927-1984), mizah öyküleri de kaleme almıştır. İlk şiirlerinde Serhan takma adını kullanan sanatçı, lise dönemlerinde politik ve felsefi kitaplara da merak salar. Bu dönem Marko Paşa gazetesini de okumaya başlayan sanatçı, ilk gülmece denemelerini de lise döneminde kaleme alıp okulun duvar gazetesinde yayımlar.
Eserleri, politik duruşunun bir yansıması olan sanatçı, mizah öykülerinin yer aldığı eseri Made in Turkey (1970)’de siyasal eleştirileriyle öne çıkar. Made in Turkey’de yer verdiği siyasi eleştirilerinde halkı bilinçlendirmek amacı güder. Korkmazgil’in eserinde yer verdiği siyasi eleştirileri siyasetçilerin ahlaksızlığına, bürokrasinin yanlış işleyişine, demokrasinin yanlış algılanışına, basının çürümüşlüğüne yöneliktir. Çalışmamızdaki başlıklarda bu doğrultuda şekillenmiştir.
Evlilik Geleneklerinde Özel Ritüel: Kahramanmaraş Gelin Hamamı
Authors: ÖZSAN Meltem
Published: May 2020

Hamam; yıkanma, temizlenme ve şifa bulma amacının ötesinde farklı ritüellerin uygulandığı yerdir ve geçmişte olduğu gibi bugün de toplumsal kültürümüzde hamamın büyük bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Çok eski tarihe dayanan hamam geleneği, her toplumun örf ve adetlerine özgü oluşmuştur. Türk kültüründe de hamam geleneği, çok farklı amaçlar için şekillenmiştir ve bu gelenekler içinde en özeli ve dikkat çekeni gelinler için yapılan gelin hamamıdır.
Gelin hamamı, düğün öncesinde gelinin ve damadın kadın hısım akrabaları arasında yapılan bir ritüeldir ve renkli eğlenceler içerir. Gelin hamamında odak noktası gelindir ve tüm hazırlıklar geline göre hazırlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde gelin hamamının önemsendiği ve uygulandığı illerden biri de Kahramanmaraş’tır. Kahramanmaraş ili, su bakımından oldukça zengin olduğu için pek çok hamam inşa edilmiş ve bu hamamlarda evlilik geleneğinde özel bir yer tutan gelin hamamları yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ilinde geçmişte ve günümüzde uygulanan gelin hamam kültürü hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve gelinler için hazırlanan hamam bohçasında yer alan ürünler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla kişiler ile görüşülmüş ve kişisel koleksiyonlarda bulunan ürünler fotoğraflarla belgelenmiştir.
Çalışma sonunda; Kahramanmaraş ilinin kültürel simgelerinin gelecek nesle aktarılması ve literatüre kazandırılması ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Corona Ve Paul Celan Ya da Aşk ve Pandemi
Authors: KIZILER EMER FUNDA
Published: May 2020

2020 yılı tarih sayfalarında daha şimdiden, Corona virüs salgınının dünyanın her yerinde milyonlarca can aldığı bir pandemi yılı olarak yer edinmiştir. Bu yıl aynı zamanda savaş sonrası Avusturya liriğinin tanınmış şairlerinden biri olan Paul Celan’ın (1920-1970) ölümünün de 50. yılına denk gelir. İlginçtir ki Celan, bundan yetmiş iki yıl önce yazdığı bir şiirine “Corona” adını vermiştir. 1948 yılı dünya tarihinde II. Dünya Savaşı’nın bitiminden üç yıl sonrasına karşılık gelir. Celan’ın kişisel tarihindeyse, ebeveynlerini kurban verdiği Nazi ölüm kampından kurtulduktan sonra, Czernowitz’e, Bükreş’e ve ardından Viyana’ya göç ettiği zorlu yıllara rastlar. Celan’ın burada Viyana yazın çevresinde kurduğu dostluklar, özellikle de Avusturyalı şair Ingeborg Bachmann’la (1926-1973) tanışması yaşamında bir dönüm noktası oluşturur. İki büyük şair tutkulu bir aşk yaşar. Celan’ın bu şiiri, 1948’de yaşanan bu aşktan izler taşır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; Celan’ın bu şiirini analiz etmek ve aynı zamanda günümüzde milyonlarca insanın ölümüne neden olan pandemik virüsün adı olarak tanınan Corona ile Celan’ın aynı başlıklı şiiri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu şekilde hem 2020’de ölümünün 50. yılına girdiğimiz usta şairin şiirlerine, hem de tüm insanlığı tehdit eden Corona virüs salgınına dikkat çekmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada “yakın okuma” yöntemini, tarihsel pozitivist, biyografik eleştiri yöntemlerini ve yorumbilgisini içeren eklektik bir yöntem kullanılmıştır.
Wpływ zniesienia kwot mlecznych na funkcjonowanie gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka
Authors: Babuchowska Karolina
Published: May 2020

Rynek mleka od początku integracji europejskiej należał do najbardziej uregulowanych. Jednym w kluczowych instrumentów, które miały zapewnić jego stabilizację były wprowadzone w 1984 r. kwoty mleczne. Dążąc do większej liberalizacji rynku mleka UE zdecydowała o zniesieniu od 1 kwietnia 2015 r. limitów produkcji. Fakt ten znacząco zmienił warunki funkcjonowania gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Celem artykułu była próba ukazania jak zniesienie limitowania produkcji mleka wpłynęło na funkcjonowanie polskich gospodarstw mleczarskich. Podstawowym źródeł informacji były wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród 1047 właścicieli gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Informacje te uzupełniono danymi Agencji Rynku Rolnego, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Eurostat. W opinii ponad połowy respondentów na skutek likwidacji w 2015 r. kwot mlecznych pogorszyła się sytuacja ich gospodarstwa. Wynikało to przede wszystkim z niskich cen mleka, które wpłynęły na obniżenie opłacalności produkcji. Z tego względu aż 62% badanych było zdania, że na rynku mleka powinien być większy stopień interwencji.
Thermodynamic phase transition of a magnetic system curie temperature predicted by the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Dong Peng-Fei , Yan Zai-Zai
Published: May 2020

Curie temperature is an important parameter in the second-order thermodynamic
phase transition of a magnetic system. However, the classical Heisenberg?s
mean field theory tends to overestimate heavily the temperature. In order to
solve this problem, firstly, the structure of ferromagnetic and spin-glassy
materials in a magnetic system is established by the Ising model. Secondly,
the respective energy of ferromagnetic and spin glass states is calculated
by Monte Carlo method. Finally, Curie temperature is predicted through the
obtained energy, which agrees well with experimental data. A new strategy to
estimate accurately Curie temperature is presented.
The reproducing kernel for the reaction-diffusion model with a time variable fractional order
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Yulan , Wang Meichun
Published: May 2020

The variable-order fractional calculus has become a useful mathematical
frame-work to describe a complex reaction-diffusion process. It is very hard
to solve the problem, and there is almost no analytical method available in
open literature. In this article, the reproducing kernel method is proposed
for this purpose, and some examples show that the method is of high
precision.
Local fractional heat and wave equations with Laguerre type derivatives
Authors: Wei Chun-Fu
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we investigate a local fractional PDE with Laguerre type
derivative. The considered equation represents a general extension of the
classical heat and wave equations. The method of separation of variables is
used to solve the differential equation defined in a bounded domain.
The local fractional variational iteration method a promising technology for fractional calculus
Authors: Yang Yong-Ju
Published: May 2020

In order to make the local variational iteration algorithm converge faster
and more effective, the Sumudu transform is adopted and a proper initial
solution is chosen. Some examples are given to show that the presented
method is reliable, efficient and easy to implement from a computational
viewpoint.
C-Peptide Levels in Subjects Followed Longitudinally Before and After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in TrialNet
Authors: Bogun Magdalena M. , Bundy Brian N. , Goland Robin S. , Greenbaum Carla J.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Insulin secretion declines rapidly after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, followed by a slower rate of change. Previous studies have demonstrated that the C-peptide decline begins before the clinical diagnosis. Changes in insulin secretion in the same individuals studied from preclinical stages through and after clinical diagnosis have not been previously reported.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Antibody-positive relatives undergo sequential oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) as part of TrialNet’s Pathway to Prevention study and continue both OGTT and mixed-meal tolerance testing (MMTT) as part of the Long-term Investigational Follow-up in TrialNet study if they develop type 1 diabetes. We analyzed glucose and C-peptide data obtained from 80 TrialNet subjects who had OGTT before and after clinical diagnosis. Separately, we compared C-peptide response to OGTT and MMTT in 127 participants after diagnosis.

RESULTS

C-peptide did not change significantly until 6 months before the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and continued to decline postdiagnosis, and the rates of decline for the first 6 months postdiagnosis were similar to the 6 months prediagnosis. There were no significant differences in MMTT and OGTT C-peptide responses in paired tests postdiagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first analysis of C-peptide levels in longitudinally monitored patients with type 1 diabetes studied from before diagnosis and continuing to the postdiagnosis period. These data highlight the discordant timing between accelerated β-cell dysfunction and the current glucose thresholds for clinical diagnosis. To preserve β-cell function, disease-modifying therapy should start at or before the acute decline in C-peptide.
Attitudes towards people with disabilities: a systematic Rreview of intervention effectiveness
Authors: Castillo Yuleinys A , Larson Alan
Published: May 2020

The improvement of attitudes towards people with disabilities has led to studies focusing on the impact of interventions.  This review systematically analyzes and synthesizes the use of interventions to influence attitudes toward people with disabilities. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies that used an intervention in English with a defined assessment instrument meant to measure attitudinal changes toward people with disabilities. Based on a literature research, 32 studies conducted in fourteen different countries were included. In the majority of the cases, the use of interventions was an effective tool to improve attitudes towards disabilities. Implications of findings for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Analisis Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pergudangan dan Pemetaan Proses Pergudangan pada Salah Satu Warehouse Industri Farmasi di Jakarta
Authors: Aditya Wahyu Ashri , Musfiroh Ida
Published: May 2020

Manajemen rantai pasok (Supply Chain Management) pada aspek pergudangan di suatu Industri Farmasi merupakan parameter yang sangat penting dalam suatu rantai distribusi sediaan farmasi; yang terdiri atas penerimaan, penyimpanan hingga pengiriman produk farmasi. Sistem penyimpanan dan pengiriman obat di Industri Farmasi yang baik dan benar mengacu pada Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) Tahun 2018 Bab 6 tentang Cara Penyimpanan dan Pengiriman Obat yang Baik. Gudang yang belum menerapkan CPOB akan mengalami kerugian serta kerusakan fisik sediaan farmasi dan juga kerugian finansial akibat produk yang pasif di gudang. Hal ini berdampak kepada penurunan kualitas warehouse dari Industri tersebut. Selain itu, pemetaan proses gudang dilakukan guna melihat dan menghilangkan pemborosan dalam proses kerja agar lead time dapat diperpendek secara signifikan dan kualitas diciptakan dengan benar sejak awal. Maka dari itu, diperlukan adanya evaluasi kegiatan pergudangan dan pemetaan proses pergudangan pada warehouse salah satu Industri Farmasi di Jakarta yang bertujuan untuk melihat kesesuaian kegiatan Gudang dengan CPOB dan menghilangkan pemborosan pada gudang. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama bulan Maret 2020 dengan melakukan pengamatan secara observasional dan dilakukan evaluasi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Industri Farmasi telah memenuhi ketentuan sesuai CPOB akan tetapi masih terdapat beberapa sistem yang memerlukan kesesuaian lebih lanjut dengan CPOB untuk menghindari waste (pemborosan) dalam proses kerja sehingga diperlukan CAPA untuk evaluasi pada Industri Farmasi tersebut.Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Pergudangan, Warehouse, Industri Farmasi, CPOB, Waste.
Penggunaan Desinfektan dan Antiseptik Pada Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 di Masyarakat
Authors: Larasati Annisa Lazuardi , Gozali Dolih , Haribowo Chandra
Published: May 2020

Covid-19 merupakan pandemi yang terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia dan menjadi salah satu bentuk kekhawatiran masyarakat. Penularan penyakit ini dapat dicegah dengan cara menjaga kebersihan salah satunya dapat menggunakan antiseptik dan desinfektan. Review ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan efektivitas dari penggunaan antiseptik dan desinfektan untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19 di masyarakat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan antiseptik dan desinfektan untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19 efektif bila pemilihannya tepat serta digunakan sesuai dengan peruntukannya. Perlu adanya edukasi lebih lanjut oleh tenaga kesehatan kepada masyarakat guna menjadi tindakan pencegahan terhadap penyebaran lebih lanjut Covid-19 ini.Kata Kunci: virus corona, Covid-19, antiseptik, desinfektan
Review of extralabel use of isoxazolines for treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats
Authors: Zhou Xueying , Hohman Alexandra , Hsu Walter H.
Published: May 2020

Amitraz is presently the only FDA-approved treatment for demodicosis in dogs in the United States. Amitraz treatment involves a protracted course of administration and risks of severe adverse effects such as sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression, which are caused by activation of α2-adrenergic receptors. Other treatment options include macrocyclic lactones and lime sulfur, but these products have varied efficacy and high risks of adverse effects. Several recent studies have indicated that isoxazolines are capable of reducing Demodex mite counts in canine and feline patients with demodicosis by ≥ 99% in as little as 1 month with few adverse effects. This article reviews the status of isoxazolines in regard to labeled uses in dogs and cats in the United States, extralabel clinical use for treatment of demodicosis in these species, and safety of orally administered formulations of these drugs.
EKOLOGI POLITIK DALAM PERLUASAN WILAYAH MASA SRIWIJAYA: BERDASARKAN BEBERAPA BUKTI PRASASTI
Authors: Alnoza Muhamad , Ananta Rafael Arya Bagas , Ramadhanti Mentari Putri
Published: May 2020

Srivijaya is a federation state in Nusantara on the 7th century AD. Dapunta Hyang as the first of Datu Sriwijaya, was first mentioned in the Kedukan Bukit Inscription (606 AD). In its development, Srivijaya's authority which began in Palembang began to develop into the surrounding areas. Evidence of this expansion of Srivijaya is recorded in the Srivijaya inscriptions found in these areas. The inscriptions found generally contain curses about people who rebel against unity. This paper is intended to reconstruct the ecological considerations made by Srivijaya in expanding its territory. This paper connects the location of the discovery of the inscription, the composition of the contents of the curse of the inscription and number of inscriptions to find out the priority scale of the Sriwijaya territory. The analyzed data is then compare it with the ecological conditions of each region. In interpreting the expansion of the region based on ecological and geographic conditions, political ecology theory is used. Finally, it can be seen that Palembang is the axis of unity, because of the many inscriptions found and the curse composition in the inscriptions. Palembang has a wealth of natural resources and the most favorable geographical conditions for the Sriwijaya Union. The inscription discovery area outside Palembang is a hinterland area, whose natural wealth is used as a commodity for Kadatuan Sriwijaya.
KAWASAN “PUSAT KOTA” KLATEN PADA MASA KOLONIAL HINDIA BELANDA
Authors: Nagari Galih Sekar Jati
Published: May 2020

Klaten pada akhir abad XIX hingga awal abad XX memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan perekonomian di Hindia Belanda karena hasil perkebunannya yang baik. Kondisi tersebut juga mendukung perkembangan kawasan “pusat kota” Klaten yang sebelumnya hanya digunakan sebagai pusat pemerintahan, kemudian berkembang menjadi lebih kompleks dengan dibangunnya fasilitas-fasilitas modern. Tulisan ini memaparkan interpretasi perkembangan kawasan “pusat kota” Klaten dari awal Klaten menjadi kabupaten di bawah Kasunanan Surakarta hingga sebagai afdeeling perkebunan di Karesidenan Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat historis, dengan menelusuri komponen-komponen kota menggunakan sumber-sumber lama seperti peta dan catatan, juga dibandingkan dengan keletakan komponen kota di lapangan. Melalui penelusuran tersebut, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa kawasan “pusat kota” Klaten mencirikan tata kota Indis, yang memiliki perpaduan antara komponen kota tradisional dan komponen kota modern Eropa.
ANALISIS ADVERBIA DALAM TEKS PROMOSI, TEKS RUBLIK SURAT KABAR, DAN TEKS JURNAL ILMIAH
Authors: Nurhamidah Didah Nurhamidah , Faznur Lutfi Syauki Faznur Syauki
Published: May 2020

AbstrakAnalisis dalam kajian ini mengidentifikasi tiga macam teks, yaitu teks promosi, teks surat kabar, dan jurnal ilmiah dengan pendekatan fungsional sistemik untuk mengidentifikasi tindakan proses. Hal ini berkaitan dengan metafungsi klausa untuk mewakili pengalaman (metafungsi eksperiensial). Data terdiri dari 87 klausa dari 4 teks pada berbagai topik, termasuk kolom surat kabar, teks promosi, dan jurnal ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga proses dalam adverbia yang tidak termasuk dalam tata bahasa tradisional Indonesia. Mereka adalah kata keterangan yang menyajikan adverbia ideasional, interpersonal, dan tekstual. Kata kunci: klausa, proses material, proses tindakan, dan adverbia
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Susetyo Agus Milu
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini di awali dari fenomena adanya smartphone Android di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. Sebagian besar mereka hanya menggunakan kecanggihan ponsel untuk kebutuhan komunikasi, bersosial media, dan hiburan. Padahal bisa digunakan untuk media pembelajaran. dimana media pembelajaran atau perkuliahan salah satu kebutuhan yang tidak terlepaskan dari proses pembelajaran. disisi lain, media pembelajaran atau kuliah dikelas membutuhkan suatu inovasi. Kebanyakan pendidik (dosen) menggunakan buku, ppt, internet, dan media proyeksi lainnya. Adaptasi media kuliah mutlak diperlukan agar suasana di kelas tidak monoton.Perangkat lunak berupa Adobe Flash CS6 sudah semakin canggih. Perangkat ini bisa menghasilkan animasi flash yang dapat di konvert ke dalam sistem Android (hp yang banyak dimilik mahasiswa). Dengan kemampuan inilah peneliti ingin mengembangkan media pembelajaran pada mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia yang diterapkan ke dalam smartphone milik mahasiswa. Dengan keinginan ini nantinya smartphone mahasiswa bisa menjadi media pembelajaran yang inovatif khususnya untuk mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia.Dengan metode pengembangan dan uji coba kepada mahasiswa, ahli materi dan ahli media mendapatkan hasil bahwa produk yang dikembangkan peneliti layak digunakan untuk mata kuliah Bahasa Indonesia. meskipun demikian ada kelemahan produk ini. (a) aplikasi Android ini belum tersedia di Googel Playstore sehingga dosenlah yang mendistribusikan kepada mahasiwa. (b) Cara pengerjaan tugas atau latihan masih terpisah dari produk. (c) pengguna harus menggunakan aplikasi pendukung lainnya berupa Adobe Air.Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Bahasa, Media, Android, Pembelajaran
SKEMA AKTAN DAN STRUKTUR FUNGSIONAL A.J. GREIMAS DALAM CERITA ASAL MULO JAMBI TULO DAN JAMBI KECIK
Authors: Wulandari Sovia , Sanjaya Dimas , Anggraini Ririn Dwi , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini menganalisis skema aktan dan struktur fungsional dari teori A.J. Greimas dalam cerita rakyat Asal Mulo Jambi Tulo dan Jambi Kecik. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan skema aktan dan struktur fungsional cerita rakyat Asal Mulo Jambi Tulo dan Jambi Kecik. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif. Fokus analisis adalah unsur naratologis pembangun dari cerita rakyat Asal Mulo Jambi Tulo dan Jambi Kecik. Data penelitian diambil langsung ke lapangan pada tanggal 30 November 2019, di RT 10 Kelurahan Jambi Kecik, Kecamatan Muaro Sebo, Kabupaten Muarojambi. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilakukan pada penelitian 1) Penelitian ke lapangan dengan metode simak dan rekam, 2) mentranskripsikan data, 3) menerjemahkan data ke bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, 4) menvalidasi data, 5) menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya skema aktan, yaitu, subjek, objek, pengirim, penerima, pembantu, dan penentang. Ditemukan pula struktur fungsional, yaitu, situasi awal, transformasi (tahap uji kecakapan, tahap utama, dan tahap kegemilangan), dan situasi akhir.
Propofol Sedation in Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Simadibrata Christophorus , Axel Benvenuto , Syahrizal Syahrizal , Ikawari Dina , Simadibrata Paulus , Simadibrata Marcellus
Published: May 2020

Background: Sedation are commonly used these days in patients that having gastrointestinal endoscopy. Propofol is sedative  agent  that  commonly  used  in  endoscopy procedure.Method: All   patients   who   were   performed   diagnostic   EGD   in   Abdi   Waluyo   Hospital’s Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit from January 1st   2017 – 31st   December 2017, included in this study. The amount of Propofol, duration during hypnosis/sedation and adverse effects were all recorded.Results: 170  patients  were  performed  diagnostic  EGD  with  Propofol  sedation,  most  of them were male (87 patients, 51,5%). The median age was 48,78 + 14. The median Body Mass Index  (BMI)  was  24.45.  The median of duration of hynosis (sedation) during EGD was 5 minutes. The median of propofol total dose during EGD was 180 mg. Adverse effects that found during Propofol sedation are muscle twitching(10.6% patients) and pain in area of  injection(80% patients). Conclusion: The duration of propofol hypnosis/sedation during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination was 5 minutes. Propofol total dose needed for diagnostic EGD was 180 mg. The common adverse effects of propofol are muscle twitching and pain in area of injection.
The Prevalence of T Cells Population in the Liver of Patients with Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Susilawati Tri Nugraha , Pramana Triyanta Yuli , Wasita Brian
Published: May 2020

Background: It has been widely known that viral hepatitis is a major cause of liver disease that can cause chronic inflammation and carcinoma. This study aimed to describe the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as regulatory T cells (CD25+ and Foxp3+ T cells) in the liver of patients with viral hepatitis in order to understand the comprehensive role of T lymphocytes in the progression of liver diseases attributed to viral hepatitis.Method: Liver biopsies were performed on adult patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia with viral hepatitis from 2017 to 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify cells expressing CD4+, CD8+, CD25+and Foxp3+ which represent T helper, T cytotoxic, and T regulatory cells, respectively. Additional data were retrieved from the patients’ medical records, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, viral load, and results of ultrasonography and fibroscan.Results: A total of 25 liver samples were collected from patients with chronic HBV infection (n = 21), chronic HCV infection (n = 2), acute HBV infection (n = 1), and from a with multiple liver nodules. The liver injury is minimum in all patients. The study found that CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were predominant whilst the frequency of T regulatory cells is generally low.Conclusions: The findings indicate the involvement of intrahepatic T helper and T cytotoxic in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. These liver infiltrating T cell subsets may be readily differentiated into regulatory T cells expressing CD25+ and Foxp3+ in order to prevent severe inflammation and maintain disease chronicity.
The Role of Endovascular Intervention in Post Liver Hemorrhagic Blunt Trauma
Authors: Mulyadi Rahmad , Sidipratomo Prijo , Suroyo Indrati , Pandelaki Jakub , Matondang Sahat , Wicaksono Krishna Pandu , Ramandika Heltara
Published: May 2020

The liver is the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma, and liver trauma is the leading cause of death in abdominal injuries. Liver trauma is associated with high morbidity and mortality, hence thediagnosis and clinical assessment of hepatic trauma play an important role in the management of abdominal liver trauma. Although it is only suitable for patients with stable hemodynamic status, computed tomography(CT scan) is the gold standard for evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma, because it can acquire high quality images quickly. For these stable patients, nonsurgical management or endovascular intervention has become the treatment of choice in the majority of liver injuries.
Secondary Polycythemia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Treat or No Treat
Authors: Setiawan Poernomo Budi , Maimunah Ummi , Siagian Nenci
Published: May 2020

A 45-year man with a chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, elevated alphafetoprotein (AFP) 628ng/dL and Abdominal CT-scan features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma was admitted with polycythemia condition (haemoglobin 20.4g/dL, haematocrit 65.4%). Elevated of erythropoietin (EPO) serum level confirmed the polycythemia was because of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Based on diganosis criteria of HCC by Indonesian Association for the Study of the Liver 2017, the patient was diagnosed with HCC Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) B and was treated with trans arterial chemotherapy and embolization (TACE) with mixed doxorubicin. Aspirin 80mg once daily was given to patient to prevent thrombosis event. One month later after TACE, haemoglobin and haematocrite didn’t improve. Then 4 months later the patient died of cardiovascular event in the last admission at district hospital.
Studi Perilaku Pengguna Napza Yang Direhabilitasi di Balai Rehabiltasi Tanah Merah, Samarinda Tahun 2014
Authors: Hanur Rosdiana , Akhmad Akhmad , Rindani Aulia Rahman
Published: May 2020

Untuk kasus Napza di Samarinda pada tahun 2013 yaitu dengan 228 kasus dan 440 tersangka. Dengan barang bukti1.723 gr Shabu-sabu, 81,10 gr Ganja, 1.0878,8 butir ekstasi dan 86.379 butir LL. Para pengguna tersebut terdiri dari290 orang pekerja swasta, dan 80 pengangguran, dan lain sebagainya. Untuk jenis kelamin sebanyak 400 orang laki-laki dan 40 orang perempuan. (BNNP 2013) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran, pengetahuan tentang Napza. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada enam Residen, empat Konselor dan empat Tenaga Kesehatan Balai Rehabilitasi Tanah Merah. Dari hasil Penelitian dapat digambarkan kurangnya pengetahuan residen tentang Napza, dengan rasa ingin tahu yang besar dan pengaruh dari teman sebaya. selain itu juga karena tekanan dari lingkungan dan pekerjaan bahkan ada yang mulai menggunakan Napza di bangku SMP dan SMA. Para Residen Balai Rehabilitasi Tanah Merah diberikan pengetahuan, pembinaan sikap dan tindakan, untuk menambah pengetahuan dan kepribadian dalam sikap dan tindakan yang lebih baik untuk kembali ke lingkungan masyarakat sekitar. Konselor Residen membantu dalam memberikan pembinaan dalam menghadapi setiap permasalahannya agar menjadi pulih dan lebih baik. Peran Petugas kesehatan yang menangani stabilisasi dan detoksifikiasi kepada para residen serta tidak ada pemberian Napza walaupun dalam dosis kecil.
Alfabetização Matemática, Letramentos e Numeramento: discussões na formação continuada do PNAIC
Authors: Alves Antonio Mauricio Medeiros
Published: May 2020

O Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa – PNAIC é um programa de formação continuada de professores alfabetizadores, financiado pelo governo federal brasileiro, que tem como principal objetivo garantir a alfabetização de todas as crianças dos 6 aos 8 anos de idade, matriculadas nas escolas públicas. Para tanto, desde 2013 as universidades brasileiras tem se dedicado a oferta de cursos promovidos por esse programa, que versam sobre a alfabetização em suas múltiplas facetas. No ano de 2014 o foco das formações foi o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais, tendo como pano de fundo das discussões a Alfabetização Matemática das crianças matriculadas no ciclo de alfabetização (6 aos 8 anos), bem como de conceitos como letramento matemático e numeramento. Esse texto problematiza essa formação dos professores alfabetizadores a partir da discussão desse conceito e das práticas de formação desenvolvidas pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas no ano de 2014.
Teoría y práctica
Authors: Mezzaroba Cristiano , Carriquiriborde Nicolas
Published: May 2020

El texto, caracterizado como un punto de vista, se propone reflexionar en torno a la relación teoría y práctica en el contexto educativo, considerando la posibilidad de reflexión sobre una teoría de la práctica educativa, de acuerdo con el autor argentino Ricardo Crisorio. Según el autor, una teoría de la práctica educativa debe elaborarse en el campo de la educación y debe permitirse ser útil sin ser compleja. Por lo tanto, organizamos el análisis, en un primer momento, presentando algunas notas conceptuales que delimitan la discusión, para luego explorar comprensiones, reflexiones y preguntas en la relación entre teoría y práctica. Teniendo en cuenta la dimensión del tiempo (reversible para la teoría e irreversible para la práctica) y pensando que estos dos polos – teoria y práctica –, mantienen aspectos relacionados con la actividad humana que abarcan el pensamiento y la acción, son otros elementos reflejados en el texto.
El análisis multimodal del anuncio publicitario audiovisual para el aula de Lengua Castellana y Literatura en Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato
Authors: Pena Zósimo López
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en proponer una metodología para el análisis y la comprensión de mensajes publicitarios en el aula de Lengua Castellana y Literatura durante la Educación Secundaria y el Bachillerato en España. Dada la complejidad semiótica de este tipo de mensajes, en el presente trabajo se plantea la posibilidad de llevar a cabo un análisis de tipo multimodal que permita desentrañar los diferentes modos que integran el mensaje y llegar a alcanzar así su significado de conjunto. Para lograr este objetivo, expondremos, en primer lugar, un apartado en el que se apuntará la necesidad de encontrar nuevas formas de análisis para las distintas formas de publicidad. Posteriormente, propondremos un marco teórico en torno al concepto de multimodalidad y el tipo de análisis que deriva de esta disciplina. Finalmente, plantearemos las bases teóricas sobre las que hacer un análisis multimodal de un anuncio audiovisual.
Avaliação educacional ou política de resultados?
Authors: Soares Lucas de Vasconcelos , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa
Published: May 2020

A avaliação, processo inerente à vida humana, em meio a transformações econômicas e políticas, assumiu um caráter regulador e compensatório ao longo dos anos, tornando-se o principal instrumento de verificação do desempenho escolar (OLIVEIRA, 2018). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo analisa como os índices educacionais obtidos em avaliações externas, com aplicação em larga escala, refletem em escolas do município de Óbidos-Pará. Para tanto, adota-se como referencial o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB). Foi realizado por meio de pesquisa de campo, comparando dois cenários distintos: escolas com índices positivos e negativos no IDEB. Os resultados revelam a existência de uma “Política de Resultados”, traduzida em ações de recompensas ou punições, divulgação de imagens boas ou ruins na mídia, desvalorização profissional de docentes e gestores e precarização do ensino, tendo como consequência uma educação a serviço do capital, distante da efetivação da qualidade no ensino público.
Definición de la ronda hídrica del río Cauca entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa
Authors: Potes Yeni , Ramirez Carlos A. , Sandoval Maria C.
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue delimitar la ronda hídrica del río Cauca en el tramo comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Para ello se analizaron diferentes metodologías y adicionalmente se consideraron los criterios de Zona de Flujo Preferente (ZFP) y Zona de Inundación Peligrosa (ZIP) indicadas por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MADS), para la delimitación de la ronda hídrica, al igual que la i) localización de los diques marginales de protección según lo estipulado en el Acuerdo 052 de 2011 de la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca (CVC) y el componente ecosistémico y ii) componentes ecosistémico y geomorfológico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, al aplicar el criterio de Zona de Inundación Peligrosa el área requerida para la ronda hídrica es de 25,153 hectareas, lo que equivale al 84% del área total de la planicie aluvial del río Cauca entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Aunque las propuestas evaluadas no cumplen con el criterio de Zona de Flujo Preferente, permitirían disminuir los niveles de agua del río Cauca hasta 0.67 m respecto a la condición actual. Considerando la dinámica y las condiciones particulares del río Cauca en el sector comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa, y los resultados aquí obtenidos en este estudio se confirma que las metodologías propuestas en España (Territorio Fluvial Sostenible), Holanda y Colombia (MADS) son las más completas para lograr la recuperación y conservación de las zonas ripiarias de los ríos. Por lo tanto, se estableció y aplicó una metodología que considera los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de estas tres metodológías.
Huella hídrica: Una herramienta eficaz para el desafío de la sostenibilidad del agua
Authors: Vargas-Pineda Oscar I. , Trujillo-González Juan M. , Torres-Mora Marco A.
Published: May 2020

El agua es un líquido indispensable tanto para subsistir como para el desarrollo de la sociedad. No obstante, actualmente la disponibilidad de agua preocupa a la comunidad mundial por la intensa aparición de escenarios de escasez física y económica del recurso. Razón por la cual, es necesario que este recurso tenga una gestión eficiente, de tal manera que satisfaga las necesidades actuales, sin comprometer su uso en el futuro. Este artículo, presentará un análisis conceptual de la dinámica del recurso con énfasis en la escasez, y la importancia de la gestión integral, alrededor de un indicador como la huella hídrica, vista como una herramienta eficaz para la toma de decisiones.
Flujo de Residuos del Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales en el sector industrial de Cali zona urbana y periurbana, zona franca de Palmira y Yumbo
Authors: Restrepo-Tarquino Inés , Ñañez-Espinoza Marcela J. , Valencia-Zuluaga Viviana , Acevedo-Sánchez Cristhian D.
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo presenta la investigación realizada en cuanto al manejo de residuos (conocidos para este caso como lodos y grasas) provenientes del tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales y domésticas de empresas ubicadas en la zona industrial de Cali, zona urbana y periurbana, y zona franca del municipio de Palmira y Yumbo. Se desarrollaron dos etapas cuyos objetivos fueron respectivamente: 1) identificar los generadores de lodos y grasas, y 2) evidenciar las prácticas de manejo por parte de los gestores (empresas que prestan el servicio de mantenimiento, recolección o tratamiento a los residuos generados). Finalizando estas etapas, se elaboró el flujo de estos residuos en la zona de estudio. Lo anterior permitió obtener un compilado de datos que describe la forma en que ocurre el manejo de este tipo de residuos para generar una visión de la problemática en el Valle del Cauca, como base para futuras investigaciones en torno a dar soluciones técnicas para manejo de estos residuos. Para el año 2014, en la zona de estudio se encontraron alrededor de 921 industrias, de las cuales 85 tenían sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (por lo tanto, son generadoras de residuos). Por otra parte, se encontraron 28 empresas gestoras de residuos. En esta investigación participaron voluntariamente 22 empresas generadoras y 10 gestoras. El volumen aproximado de lodo y grasa que generan estas empresas es 368 toneladas por mes. De esta cantidad, solo 159 toneladas por mes (43 %) es aprovechado como acondicionador de suelos, abono, humus o para sustitución de materias primas. A pesar de que un buen porcentaje de lodo es aprovechado, como conclusión se identificó que se requieren políticas ambientales que incentiven estas alternativas para reducir los impactos sobre el ambiente.
Solución de la ecuación de Rachford – Rice por homotopía diferencial
Authors: Machuca-Martínez Fiderman , Angel-Mueses Miguel , Lara-Ramos José Antonio
Published: May 2020

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una rutina de cálculo numérico para resolver la ecuación de Rachford-Rice Generalizada (RR-G) en sistemas de tres fases y múltiples componentes, fundamentado en el acople del método de sustitución sucesiva y el de continuación por homotopía diferencial, el cual se aplicó a diferentes tipo de mezclas en equilibrios de Vapor-Liquido-Liquido (EVLL), Vapor-Liquido-Solido (EVLS) y Liquido-Liquido-Liquido (ELLL). El algoritmo propuesto se probó con tres mezclas distintas a condiciones de temperatura, presión, composición y distintos componentes, encontrándose que la solución propuesta es estable y convergente para cualquier tipo de vector de inicio. Los resultados predicen de forma satisfactoria las fases en equilibrio, siendo el error mínimo del 1.9% en ELLL y el máximo igual a 15.47 % en EVLL.