bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transection rate at different areas of scalp during follicular unit extraction/excision (FUE)
Authors: Mohmand Mohammad Humayun , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Background

Although the follicular unit excision/extraction (FUE) is regarded an easy procedure to perform, however, there are various factors which affect the outcome. The hair transection is dependent of various factors and the donor site characteristics affect largely.

Objectives

To know the difference in transection rate on various areas of scalp during FUE.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted in 10 patients undergoing FUE after obtaining informed consent. In each patient, 1 row was marked with intervening 1 cm2. The row contained five boxes of 1 cm2. Harvesting of FUs was performed using 0.9 mm serrated punch. The procedures were performed with the patient in supine position with the surgeon sitting on head side. The harvested FUs were checked under microscope. Any transection was calculated. All the data was collected and analyzed statistically.

Results

The total number of FUs and hair were more in center zone as compared to the sides. Whereas, the transection rate was lowest in the mid‐occipital zone as compared to the sides. Similarly, the FUs: hair ratio was more in the sides 1:1.85 as compared to 1:1.62 in central zone. The right and left sides also showed some variations. The transection was more on right side (17.7%) of the patient as compared to the left side (16.3%)

Conclusion

The hair transection was more on sides than in the mid‐occipital area.
“It is still intense and not unambiguous.” Nurses' experiences in the euthanasia care process 15 years after legalisation
Authors: Bellens Marthe , Debien Elisa , Claessens Fien , Gastmans Chris , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette
Published: November 2019

Aims and objectives

To explore how Flemish nurses working in hospitals and home care experience their involvement in the care of patients requesting euthanasia 15 years after the legalisation of euthanasia.

Background

Euthanasia was legalised in Belgium in 2002. Despite prior research that charted the experiences of nurses in euthanasia care before and right after legalisation in Belgium, it remains unclear how Flemish nurses currently, 15 years after the legalisation, experience their involvement.

Design

A grounded theory design, using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews.

Methods

We interviewed 26 nurses working in hospitals or in home care, who had experience with caring for patients requesting euthanasia. Data were collected using a purposive sample and then a snowball sample. Data collection and data analysis were conducted simultaneously. Data were analysed by using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. The study adhered to the COREQ guidelines.

Results

Caring for a patient requesting euthanasia continues to be an intense experience characterised by ambivalence. The nature of euthanasia itself contributes to the intensity of this care process. The nurses described euthanasia as something unnatural and planned that generated many questions and doubts. Nevertheless, most interviewees stated that they were able to contribute to a dignified end of life and make a difference, giving them a profound feeling of professional fulfilment. However, when nurses were not able to contribute to good euthanasia care, they struggled with strong negative feelings and frustrations.

Conclusion

Although the results suggest some subtle shifts in nurses' experiences over time, they do not indicate perceptions of euthanasia as a normal practice by the nurses involved.

Relevance to clinical practice

The study reveals the need for more clarification of nurses' ethical responsibility in euthanasia care and their role as moral agents.
The relationship between perceived difficulty and reflection in the practice of discharge planning nurses in acute care hospitals: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Moriya Eiko , Nagao Noriko , Ito Shinya , Makaya Miyuki
Published: November 2019

Aims and objectives

To clarify the characteristics and practice of discharge planning nurses in acute care hospitals and to elucidate the relationship between subjective difficulty perceived in practice and reflection.

Background

The importance of discharge planning for an effective transition from the hospital to a care facility is increasing. In acute care hospitals, however, it is not clear what discharge planning nurses are doing for patients who are highly dependent on medical treatment, the subjective difficulties they perceive in practical activities, and whether reflection by nurses can be expected to mitigate those difficulties.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

This survey was conducted in 2,379 acute care hospitals in Japan from 1 June–30 June 2018. The survey of discharge planning practice activities examined nine factors. A nurse who answered that he/she did reflect on his/her practices was defined as a self‐reflecting nurse. The STROBE statement checklists were completed.

Results

Questionnaires were collected from 760 respondents (response rate = 32.1%). The discharge planning nurses had fewer than 36 months of experience with discharge planning. Among the nurses who had been involved in hospital discharge support for 13 months or more, the self‐reflecting nurses had fewer perceived difficulties in their practice activities than the non‐self‐reflecting nurses did.

Conclusions

It was shown that discharge planning nurses with 13 months or more of experience and who practiced reflection on their practical activities perceived less subjective difficulty. Reflection in daily practice may mitigate the subjective difficulty of practical activities experienced by discharge planning nurses, and the establishment of an effective training method that promotes such reflection is required.

Relevance to clinical practice

In the future, it will be necessary to construct and evaluate an effective education programme for discharge planning nurses that includes self‐reflection on practice cases.
Race/Ethnic Differences in Spatial Distance Between Adult Children and Their Mothers
Authors: Reyes Adriana , Schoeni Robert F. , Choi HwaJung
Published: November 2019

Objective

This brief study examines race/ethnic differences in geographic distance to mothers among adults in the United States.

Background

Race/ethnic differences in rates of adult children living with their mothers in the United States are well documented, but spatial distances beyond shared housing are not.

Method

Spatial distances between residential locations of adults aged 25 years and older and their biological mothers are estimated using the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics for Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites. Multinomial logistic regression models and nonlinear decomposition techniques are used to assess the role of demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and health of the child and mother in accounting for race/ethnic differences in adult child–mother proximity.

Results

Blacks are more likely than Whites to live with their mother and more likely to live within 30 miles but not coresident, whereas Whites are more likely to live more than 500 miles away. Geographic proximity to the mother is distinct for Hispanics with nearly one third having their mother outside the United States. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors account for the fact that Blacks are about twice as likely as Whites to live with their mother but do not fully account for large White–Black differences in proximity outside the household. The most important factor accounting for White–Black differences is marital status for coresidence, but education for proximity in the United States beyond coresidence.

Conclusion

New national estimates illustrate the complexity of race/ethnic differences in proximity to mothers that are not reflected in studies of coresidence.
On the Legacy of Christian Ethics in Comparative Religious Ethics
Authors: Twiss Sumner B.
Published: November 2019

This essay is an exploratory inquiry into possible Christian ethical residues in the field of comparative religious ethics (CRE), focusing particularly on the themes of tradition and canon, trajectories of ethical reflection, emancipatory criticism, common morality, and the notion of discipline. It is suggested that even if such traces exist, they may not be detrimental to the field as currently practiced.
Significant advances in veterinary oncology – 60 years on
Authors: Dobson J. M.
Published: November 2019

The first edition of theJournal of Small Animal Practicepublished in February 1960, contained a paper entitled “Recent Treatments of Malignant Neoplasia”by Dr Larry Owen. Now we have reached the 60th anniversary of JSAP, that article provides a baseline from which to review subsequent advances in veterinary oncology, which now includes worldwide networks that have resulted in veterinary oncology becoming the multidisciplinary speciality that it is today. There certainly have been many advances in understanding of the pathology and epidemiology of animal cancers and in methods of diagnosis and treatment. However, the subject has become so large and diverse that not all aspects can be covered in detail here. It should also be acknowledged that there are still many gaps in knowledge in this field and that, because of a lack of randomised clinical trials, the evidence base for what is often regarded as “standard of care” is weak.
Adrenergic reactions during N3 sleep arousals in sleepwalking and sleep terrors: The chicken or the egg?
Authors: Ledard Nahema , Artru Emilie , Colmenarez Sayago Patricia , Redolfi Stefania , Golmard Jean‐Louis , Carrillo‐Solano Marisol , Arnulf Isabelle
Published: November 2019

To understand the mechanisms of N3 sleep interruptions in patients with sleepwalking episodes and/or sleep terrors (SW/ST), we evaluated whether autonomic reactions preceded or accompanied behavioural arousals from NREM sleep stage N3. In 20 adult patients with SW/ST and 20 matched controls without parasomnia, heart rate and pulse wave amplitude were measured beat‐to‐beat during the 10 beats preceding and during the 15 beats succeeding a motor arousal from N3 sleep. Respiratory rate and amplitude were measured during the same 25 successive beats. In patients with SW/ST, the N3 arousals were associated with a 33% increase in heart rate, a 57% decrease in pulse wave amplitude (indicating a major vasoconstriction), a 24% increase in respiratory rate and a doubling of respiratory amplitude. Notably, tachycardia and vasoconstriction started 4 s before motor arousals. A similar profile (tachycardia and vasoconstriction gradually increasing from the 4 s preceding arousal and post‐arousal increase of respiratory amplitude, but no polypnea) was also observed, with a lower amplitude, during the less frequent 38 quiet N3 arousals in control subjects. Parasomniac arousals were associated with greater tachycardia, vasoconstriction and polypnea than quiet arousals, with the same pre‐arousal gradual increases in heart rate and vasoconstriction. Autonomic arousal occurs 4 s before motor arousal from N3 sleep in patients with SW/ST (with a higher adrenergic reaction than in controls), suggesting that an alarming event during sleep (possibly a worrying sleep mentation or a local subcortical arousal) causes the motor arousal.
Hepatitis C cure improved patient‐reported outcomes in patients with and without liver fibrosis in a prospective study at a large urban medical center
Authors: Sung Julie C. , Bosh Ciara , Wyatt Brooke , Miller Mark , Harty Alyson , Del Bello David , Knight Sterling , Dieterich Douglas T. , Perumalswami Ponni V. , Branch Andrea D.
Published: November 2019

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of quality of life. Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) improved PROs in clinical trials. We prospectively evaluated the impact of DAA‐based HCV cure on PROs and liver‐related outcomes in real‐world patients at a large urban medical center. The short form (SF)‐36 and three additional validated instruments were used. F3‐4 fibrosis was defined as > 9.6 kPa by transient elastography (TE); S2‐3 steatosis was defined as > 270 dB/m by TE‐controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Data were analysed by paired and unpaired t tests. Patients (n = 16) who did not achieve a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) were excluded. The study achieved its primary endpoint and showed a significant 30% improvement in the SF‐36 vitality score, measured baseline to SVR12: 63 versus 82, P < .001 (n = 111). Scores in 24 of 25 PRO domains improved at SVR12 (P < .05). Nearly all gains exceeded 5%, indicating their clinical significance. Transaminase values and liver stiffness improved (decreased) significantly, baseline to SVR12 (P < .005), but steatosis was unchanged (P = .58). Patients with baseline F0‐2 fibrosis and those with F3‐F4 fibrosis both improved in 22 domains. Patients with baseline S0‐S1 steatosis improved in more domains (23) than patients with S2‐S3 steatosis (19). At baseline, patients with F3‐F4 fibrosis and patients with S2‐3 steatosis had worse scores in certain PRO domains than patients with F0‐2 fibrosis or S0‐S1 steatosis, but this difference resolved by SVR12. HCV cure led to meaningful gains in PROs, and these findings may encourage patients to seek treatment.
A heme‐binding protein produced by Haemophilus haemolyticus inhibits non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Latham Roger D. , Torrado Mario , Atto Brianna , Walshe James L. , Wilson Richard , Guss J. Mitchell , Mackay Joel P. , Tristram Stephen , Gell David A.
Published: November 2019

Commensal bacteria serve as an important line of defense against colonisation by opportunisitic pathogens, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly explored. Here, we show that strains of a commensal bacterium, Haemophilus haemolyticus, make hemophilin, a heme‐binding protein that inhibits growth of the opportunistic pathogen, non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in culture. We purified the NTHi‐inhibitory protein from H. haemolyticus and identified the hemophilin gene using proteomics and a gene knockout. An x‐ray crystal structure of recombinant hemophilin shows that the protein does not belong to any of the known heme‐binding protein folds, suggesting that it evolved independently. Biochemical characterisation shows that heme can be captured in the ferrous or ferric state, and with a variety of small heme‐ligands bound, suggesting that hemophilin could function under a range of physiological conditions. Hemophilin knockout bacteria show a limited capacity to utilise free heme for growth. Our data suggest that hemophilin is a hemophore and that inhibition of NTHi occurs by heme starvation, raising the possibility that competition from hemophilin‐producing H. haemolyticus could antagonise NTHi colonisation in the respiratory tract.
Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten
Authors: Martin Marie E. , Moriarty Katie M. , Pauli Jonathan N.
Published: November 2019

Energetic balance is central to the survival and persistence of free‐ranging animals. Quantifying expenditures and identifying factors that drive energetics informs our understanding of species' ecology and their responses to shifting environmental conditions. Approaches used to estimate energetic expenditures of free‐ranging species, such as doubly‐labelled water (DLW), are precise but difficult to implement. Global positioning system (GPS) collars and accelerometers have emerged as alternatives for estimating expenditures, but these techniques have few applications in terrestrial species and no applications in small‐bodied (<5 kg) terrestrial animals. Here, we estimated movement characteristics and field metabolic rates (FMR) of Pacific martensMartes caurina, a small‐bodied carnivore with relatively high energetic costs, in a heterogeneous landscape to explore the role of movement and landscape characteristics in energetics. We concurrently used DLW and GPS collars to investigate the relationship between movement characteristics and FMR. Movement velocity explained the greatest amount of variation in mass‐specific FMR and we used this relationship to predict expenditures of previously collared martens. We found that predicted mass‐specific FMR was highest among males and increased in open patches primarily as a result of increased velocity and more erratic movements. Additionally, martens moving through deep snow also exhibited increased FMR. Our work shows movement metrics can effectively explain variation in FMR and identify landscape features, like forest structure and snow depth, that influence movements with cascading effects on energetics for free‐ranging mammals in rapidly changing systems.
An inordinate fondness for species with intermediate dispersal abilities
Authors: Ashby Ben , Shaw Allison K. , Kokko Hanna
Published: November 2019

J. B. S. Haldane is widely quoted to have quipped that the Creator, if one exists, has an inordinate fondness for beetles. Although Coleoptera may not be the most speciose order once Hymenopteran diversity is fully accounted for, as a whole the very clear differences in species diversity among taxa require an explanation. Here we use stochastic simulations to show that dispersal has eco‐evolutionary effects that predict taxa to become particularly species‐rich when dispersal is neither too low nor too high. Our model combines recent advances in understanding coexistence in niche space with previously verbally expressed ideas, where too low dispersal imposes biogeographic constraints that prevent a lineage from finding new areas to colonize (reducing opportunities for speciation), while too high dispersal impedes population divergence, leading to few but widely distributed species. We show that this logic holds for species richness and is robust to a variety of model assumptions, but peak diversification rate is instead predicted to increase with dispersal. Our work unifies findings of increasing and decreasing effects of dispersal rate on speciation, and explains why taxa with moderate dispersal abilities have the best prospects for high global species richness.
The development of the cricoid cartilage and its implications for the use of endotracheal tubes in the pediatric population
Authors: Liu Shiqing , Qi Wenxu , Zhang Xiaohui , Dong Youjing
Published: November 2019

Background

The rigid cricoid cartilage is functionally the narrowest portion of the larynx. There is some controversy over the shape of the pediatric cricoid cartilage in the transverse plane. It is important to understand the development of the cricoid cartilage so that endo‐traceheal tubes can be used more safely.

Aim

To determine changes in the internal diameter and shape of the cricoid cartilage during development and explore the implications of those changes for the selection of ETT type and size for children.

Methods

The cervical computed tomography scans were reviewed in patients aged 1‐20 years. After performing the multiplanar reconstruction and correcting the slant, the transverse and anteroposterior internal diameters of the inlet and outlet of the cricoid cartilage were measured, respectively. The angle between the arch and the lamina of the cricoid cartilage in the middle sagittal plane was measured. The ratios of transverse to anteroposterior diameter for the inlet and outlet of the cricoid cartilage were calculated, respectively.

Results

In females, the internal diameters of the cricoid cartilage increased linearly with age. In males, the internal diameters of the cricoid cartilage exhibited a growth spurt during adolescence. The transverse diameter of the inlet was the smallest diameter of the cricoid cartilage, and the predicting formula of the transverse diameter of the inlet for children aged 1‐12 was 0.4 × age (year) + 5.1, R2 = .758. The angle between the arch and lamina of the cricoid cartilage and the ratios of transverse to anteroposterior diameter correlated weakly with age.

Conclusion

The transverse inner diameter of the inlet is the smallest diameter of the cricoid cartilage. The “funnel shape” of the cricoid cartilage remains unchanged during development. The outer diameter should be considered when selecting an endotracheal tube.
Learning from methylomes: epigenomic correlates of Populus balsamifera traits based on deep learning models of natural DNA methylation
Authors: Champigny Marc J. , Unda Faride , Skyba Oleksandr , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Campbell Malcolm M.
Published: November 2019

Epigenomes have remarkable potential for the estimation of plant traits. This study tested the hypothesis that natural variation in DNA methylation can be used to estimate industrially important traits in a genetically diverse population of Populus balsamifera L. (balsam poplar) trees grown at two common garden sites. Statistical learning experiments enabled by deep learning models revealed that plant traits in novel genotypes can be modelled transparently using small numbers of methylated DNA predictors. Using this approach, tissue type, a nonheritable attribute, from which DNA methylomes were derived was assigned, and provenance, a purely heritable trait and an element of population structure, was determined. Significant proportions of phenotypic variance in quantitative wood traits, including total biomass (57.5%), wood density (40.9%), soluble lignin (25.3%) and cell wall carbohydrate (mannose: 44.8%) contents, were also explained from natural variation in DNA methylation. Modelling plant traits using DNA methylation can capture tissue‐specific epigenetic mechanisms underlying plant phenotypes in natural environments. DNA methylation‐based models offer new insight into natural epigenetic influence on plants and can be used as a strategy to validate the identity, provenance or quality of agroforestry products.
A survey in uncharted territory: A collaborative study to explore the approach to atopic dermatitis patient management in allopathy and naturopathy
Authors: Dhossche Julie , Corn Josh , Simpson Eric L. , Funk Tracy
Published: November 2019

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients frequently use both conventional and complementary medicines for treatment. Allopathic and naturopathic providers may be unaware of each other's approach to AD diagnosis, skin care, and treatment, affecting patient and provider communication, patient safety, and potential for collaborative studies.

Objective

To identify core commonalities and differences in allopathic and naturopathic approach to AD.

Methods

Thirty allopathic and 21 naturopathic providers completed an 11‐question free‐text comment survey, covering patient education and evaluation, skin care, and treatment of AD. Qualitative content analysis detected key ideas and concepts, and word cloud analysis provided a quantitative visual representation of recurrent words in each group's responses.

Results

All respondents indicated using similar physical features to diagnose AD. In both allopathic and naturopathic fields, the majority of providers did not perform routine testing for AD diagnosis. Skin care with moisturization and “soak‐and‐seal” bathing practices were routine in both fields. Naturopathic providers heavily emphasized the role of food and diet in AD pathogenesis, education, and management, while allopathic providers indicated little to no role for food and diet in AD. For treatment, allopathic providers favored topical steroids, phototherapy, and immunomodulators, whereas naturopathic providers recommended botanicals, supplements, and other complementary and alternative methods.

Conclusions

Providers should be aware of the differences between allopathic and naturopathic providers and their approach to AD management, particularly concerning the role of food and diet. There may be opportunities to harmonize skin care regimens for patients given similar approach in both fields, and to collaborate further on studies of diet in AD and treatments not yet effectively tested.
Cytokine regulation of female‐macrophage resistance to Leishmania mexicana parasites. Role of IL‐12p70
Authors: Isaac‐Márquez Angélica P. , Lezama‐Dávila Claudio M.
Published: November 2019

In previous studies, carried out in humans, we showed that females are resistant to Leishmania mexicana infection. We also showed that 17β‐estradiol (E2) induces killing of parasites inside of murine macrophages. In this work, we compared, for the first time, L mexicana survival inside of male (male BMDM) and female (female BMDM) bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) treated in vitro with E2 or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We also compared their levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α). We found that female BMDM are a lot less susceptible to infection as compared with male BMDM. 17β‐estradiol induced killing of most parasites inside of female BMDM. Dihydrotestosterone, on the other hand, induced some parasite killing inside of some infected male BMDM. Interleukin‐6 levels were higher in female BMDM treated with either hormone. Neither TNF‐α nor IL‐10 levels showed significant differences compared with sham controls. Interestingly IL‐12p70 was more abundantly produced by sham female BMDM as compared with sham male BMDM. Only female BMDM treated with E2 trigger a robust IL‐12p70 production, but it was significantly reduced in male BMDM. This suggests IL‐12p70 is an important factor in female‐macrophage resistance to L mexicana parasites.
Interpreting our emotions
Authors: Kirsch Julie
Published: November 2019

This essay looks at the important, but often neglected, contribution that self‐interpretation makes to emotional self‐knowledge. We engage in acts of self‐interpretation when (A) we try to understand what it is that we are feeling, or, relatedly, what it is that weoughtto be feeling. On such occasions, we draw upon social and personal narratives as well as on the emotional conceptual repertoires at our disposal. We also engage in acts of self‐interpretation when (B) we try to ascertain the meaning or significance of an emotion, treating it as a datum, or piece of evidence, upon which to make inferences or further Interpretations. Although we often seem to have first‐person privileged access to our mental states, the third‐person strategy of self‐interpretation can be a valuable source of self‐knowledge. I focus here upon the role that self‐interpretation plays in providing us with knowledge about our emotional experiences.
Roles of Vegetable Surface Properties and Sanitizer Type on Annual Disease Burden of Rotavirus Illness by Consumption of Rotavirus‐Contaminated Fresh Vegetables: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Authors: Fuzawa Miyu , Smith Rebecca Lee , Ku Kang‐Mo , Shisler Joanna L. , Feng Hao , Juvik John A. , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: November 2019

Enteric viruses are often detected in water used for crop irrigation. One concern is foodborne viral disease via the consumption of fresh produce irrigated with virus‐contaminated water. Although the food industry routinely uses chemical sanitizers to disinfect post‐harvest fresh produce, it remains unknown how sanitizer and fresh produce properties affect the risk of viral illness through fresh produce consumption. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model was conducted to estimate (i) the health risks associated with consumption of rotavirus (RV)‐contaminated fresh produce with different surface properties (endive and kale) and (ii) how risks changed when using peracetic acid (PAA) or a surfactant‐based sanitizer. The modeling results showed that the annual disease burden depended on the combination of sanitizer and vegetable type when vegetables were irrigated with RV‐contaminated water. Global sensitivity analyses revealed that the most influential factors in the disease burden were RV concentration in irrigation water and postharvest disinfection efficacy. A postharvest disinfection efficacy of higher than 99% (2‐log10) was needed to decrease the disease burden below the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold, even in scenarios with low RV concentrations in irrigation water (i.e., river water). All scenarios tested here with at least 99.9% (3‐log10) disinfection efficacy had a disease burden lower than the WHO threshold, except for the endive treated with PAA. The disinfection efficacy for the endive treated with PAA was only about 80%, leading to a disease burden 100 times higher than the WHO threshold. These findings should be considered and incorporated into future models for estimating foodborne viral illness risks.
Interoceptive deficits differentiate suicide groups and associate with self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors in a military sample
Authors: Smith April R. , Dodd Dorian R. , Ortiz Shelby , Forrest Lauren N. , Witte Tracy K.
Published: November 2019

Objective

Previous research shows that interoceptive deficits are associated with harmful behaviors such as nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), eating disorder pathology, and suicide attempts. The present study replicates and extends this area of research by examining the association between interoceptive deficits and suicidality in a military sample.

Method

In Study 1, respondents to an online survey (N = 134) answered self‐report questionnaires related to interoceptive deficits. Study 2 consisted of a secondary data analysis of 3,764 military service members who had previously completed questionnaires on interoceptive indicators, NSSI, suicide thoughts and attempts, and other psychopathology.

Results

Study 1 demonstrated that our interoceptive deficits latent variable had adequate psychometric properties. In Study 2, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that scores on the interoceptive deficits latent variable were highest among suicide attempters, lowest among those with no suicide history, and intermediary among participants who had thought about but not attempted suicide. The interoceptive deficits latent variable was more strongly related to NSSI and suicidality than were posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, hopelessness, gender, and age.

Conclusions

These results confirm—and extend to a military sample—previous research showing that interoceptive deficits can provide important information about suicide risk.
Effect of long‐term balanced and imbalanced inorganic fertilizer and FYM application on chemical fraction of DTPA‐extractable micronutrients and yields under rice–wheat cropping system in mollisols
Authors: Bhatt Manoj K. , Raverkar Kiran P. , Chandra Ramesh , Pareek Navneet , Labanya Rini , Kumar Vineet , Kaushik Shikhar , Singh Dhananjay K.
Published: November 2019

The imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers under intensive cultivation practices over a period of years leads to various soil‐associated problems particularly nutrient availability. Thus, to examine the effect of long‐term application of balanced and imbalanced inorganic fertilizer and farm yard manure (FYM) application on the chemical fraction of DTPA‐extractable micronutrients under rice–wheat cropping system after 29 years, the observations were recorded from the ongoing field experiment at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. An application of balanced inorganic fertilizer with FYM in rice, while without FYM in wheat significantly improved the DTPA‐extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu after rice and wheat crops in both the surface and sub‐surface soil layers. Lowest DTPA‐extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were recorded, in surface and sub‐surface soil under rice and wheat crops in control. The highest DTPA‐extractable Zn, in both surface and sub‐surface layers of rice (3.31, 1.62 mg kg−1, respectively) and wheat (2.96, 0.99 mg kg−1, respectively) was recorded because of application of N180+P80+K40+Zn(F) + FYM in rice and N180+P80+K40+Zn(F) in wheat. However, the DTPA‐extractable Fe, Mn and Cu were highest in rice and wheat because of N120+P40+K40+FYM and N120+P40+K40 application, respectively. The balanced use of inorganic fertilizer with FYM (N180+P80+K40+Zn(F) + FYM) in rice and without FYM [N180+P80+K40+Zn(F)] in wheat supported the highest rice (6.74 t ha−1) and wheat (3.50 t ha−1) grain yields, while lowest in control. Based on the study results, long‐term application of FYM at 5 tonnes ha−1 in rice crop sustained the availability of DTPA‐extractable cationic micronutrients to rice and wheat in Mollisols.
The Role of Welfare in Locational Choices: Modelling Intra‐European Migration Decisions Across the Life‐Course
Authors: de Jong Petra W. , Adserà Alícia , de Valk Helga A. G.
Published: November 2019

In this study, we add to the literature by investigating the role of welfare states in intra‐European migration decisions between 25 countries (2003‐2008). Distinguishing between three welfare programmes (unemployment, family and old‐age benefits) we tested whether social expenditure on each of these arrangements particularly influenced locational choices of individuals within the age groups covered by the respective welfare policy. Findings from a conditional logit model showed a positive impact of spending on family benefits on the locational choices of young adults moving together with children, and of spending on old‐age benefits on the locational choices of individuals close to or above retirement age. In contrast, a negative impact of unemployment spending was found on locational choices in general, and those of working‐age adults in particular. Our results highlight the importance of further disentangling the often‐used general welfare spending measure when studying the link between welfare and migration.
Scavenging for LGBTQ2S Public Library Visibility on Vancouver’s Periphery
Authors: Bain Alison L. , Podmore Julie A.
Published: November 2019

This paper uses mixed methods to scavenge and analyse lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and two‐spirit (LGBTQ2S) resources and visibility in public library branches on the periphery of the Vancouver city‐region in the suburban municipalities of Surrey, Burnaby, and New Westminster. It argues that in Canadian suburbs, where access to LGBTQ2S community resources are limited, libraries are simultaneously key public sites of engagement for LGBTQ2S people and places where they continue to face dominant socio‐cultural power relations of hetero and cis‐normativity that determine the availability, visibility, and accessibility of queer materials. Scavenging for queerness within virtual and material library spaces, this paper demonstrates that suburban libraries hold the promise of information and equity while also reinforcing LGBTQ2S absence, invisibility, and exclusion. The promise of social inclusion is carried forward by a few insider activist and ally librarians who act as political change agents within library systems and specific branches by creating queer‐friendly collections, spaces, and programming.
The United States' potential blood donor pool: updating the prevalence of donor‐exclusion factors on the pool of potential donors
Authors: To Lennie , Dunnington Tyler , Thomas Christy , Love Kailey , McCullough Jeffrey , Riley William
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND/CASE STUDIES

Despite decreased blood use, there are supply limitations. Therefore, it is important to determine the number of people potentially eligible to donate blood. This study updates an analysis from 2007 to estimate the pool of eligible blood donors in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN/METHODS

We developed a revised epidemiologic model to account for changes in donor exclusion factors based on AABB standards. Donor exclusionary factors were identified and epidemiologic databases selected to enumerate the population prevalence of the donor exclusion factors. Prevalence data were adjusted for age, duration of exclusion, and comorbidities. The number of excluded individuals is calculated to estimate the current size of the eligible blood donor pool. The current study incorporates changes in demographic characteristics that have altered the pool of eligible blood donors.

RESULTS/FINDINGS

The pool of eligible blood donors increased by approximately 93.9 million from 111 million persons in 2007 to 204.9 million persons in 2018, while the population of the United States increased by 34 million persons (from 293 million to 327 million). The number of donor exclusion factors increased from 31 to 38. Overall, the pool of eligible blood donors increased from 37.9% to 62.6% of the total population.

The single largest change impacting the pool of eligible blood donors is the inclusion of individuals 65 years and older, increasing the eligible blood donor pool by 51 million of the new 93.9 million persons However, this increase in number of potential donors 65 years and older is offset by a corresponding increase in the prevalence of donor exclusion factor impact in individuals aged 65 years and above.

CONCLUSION

A very large number of people are potentially eligible to donate blood. Therefore, blood supply limitations appear to be due to other factors. We suggest that these factors are differences in social commitments by changing demographic populations and the elimination of high‐cost blood collection operations by blood suppliers.
NBLSTM: Noisy and Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and BLSTM-Based Deep Architecture for Remaining Useful Life Estimation
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Ali , Zabihi Soheil , Asif Amir , Mohammed Arash
Published: November 2019

Smart manufacturing and industrial Internet of things (IoT) have transformed the maintenance management concept from the conventional perspective of being reactive to being predictive. Recent advancements in this regard has resulted in development of effective prognostic health management (PHM) frameworks, which coupled with deep learning architectures have produced sophisticated techniques for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation. Accurately predicting the RUL significantly empowers the decision-making process and allows deployment of advanced maintenance strategies to improve the overall outcome in a timely fashion. In light of this, the paper proposes a novel noisy deep learning architecture consisting of multiple models designed in parallel, referred to as noisy and hybrid deep architecture for remaining useful life estimation (NBLSTM). The proposed NBLSTM is designed by integration of two parallel noisy deep architectures, i.e., a noisy convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract spatial features and a noisy bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) to extract temporal information learning the dependencies of input data in both forward and backward directions. The two paths are connected through a fusion center consisting of fully connected multilayers, which combines their outputs and forms the target predicted RUL. To improve the robustness of the model, the NBLSTM is trained based on noisy input signals leading to significantly robust and enhanced generalization behavior. Through 100 Monte Carlo simulation runs performed under three different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, it can be noted that utilization of the noisy training enhanced the results by reducing the standard deviation (std) between 9% and 67% across different settings in terms of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and between 21% and 63% in terms of the score value. The proposed NBLSTM model is evaluated and tested based on the commercial modular aero-propulsion system simulation (C-MAPSS) dataset provided by NASA, illustrating state-of-the-art results in comparison with its counterparts.
Audio encryption through synchronization of chaotic oscillator circuits: Teaching non-linear dynamics through simple electrical circuits
Authors: Mistry Keyur , Dash Sudeshna , Tallur Siddharth
Published: November 2019

Although often simple in design, chaotic systems produce signals of surprising complexity, facilitating several applications in cryptography. In this work, we present an experimental demonstration of one such application—a chaotic oscillator circuit (transmitter) for encryption of audio signals and another chaotic oscillator (receiver) synchronized to the transmitter via a linear feedback controller for signal decryption. All circuits are realized through operational amplifier (op-amp) chips connected on a breadboard, which makes this demonstration suitable for an undergraduate lab experiment that illustrates several interesting concepts, including nonlinear dynamics, chaos, encryption, and feedback control.
Low-cost Fourier ghost imaging using a light-dependent resistor
Authors: Aguilar Ritz Ann , Hermosa Nathaniel , Soriano Maricor N.
Published: November 2019

We propose and demonstrate a method for lowering the cost of ghost imaging (GI) setups by employing cheaper devices, such as a commercial projector and a light-dependent resistor. Spatial light modulators and high-quality photodiodes are often used in GI, but the cost of these devices limits its implementation in undergraduate or even graduate optics laboratories. Our proposed imaging system produces good reconstructions of our test object even at 10% spectral coverage that is well within sub-Nyquist sampling. This may be used as an alternative low-cost and easy-to-build imaging system, which we can easily extend for technological applications using wavelengths outside the visible spectrum.
Data-educed broadband equivalent acoustic source model for supersonic jet noise
Authors: Neilsen Tracianne B. , Vaughn Aaron B. , Gee Kent L. , Akamine Masahito , Okamoto Koji , Teramoto Susumu , Tsutsumi Seiji
Published: November 2019

A broadband equivalent acoustic source distribution can be used to model the sound field near a high-speed jet. Such models must account for the spatiospectral variation of the sound levels. This work presents a technique for obtaining such a model using a spectral decomposition method associated with large and fine-scale turbulent mixing noise to create broadband equivalent source distributions for each noise type. The large-scale turbulent mixing noise is represented by frequency-dependent wavepackets, while the fine-scale turbulent mixing noise is modeled as a frequency-dependent incoherent, extended source distribution. This technique is applied to acoustical measurements from an ideally expanded, unheated Mach 1.8 jet. The wavepackets model the sound field levels in the maximum radiation region, but the second incoherent source distribution is required to obtain the levels at the other locations. The combination of the incoherent source distribution and the wavepacket provides a broadband, equivalent acoustic source representation that adequately models the sound field for Strouhal numbers between 0.04 and 0.25. At higher Strouhal numbers, better agreement is obtained when accounting for a frequency-dependent shift in the apparent acoustic source region. This frequency-dependent source region is more important closer to the jet than in the far field.
Icequake streaks linked to potential mega-scale glacial lineations beneath an Antarctic ice stream
Authors: Barcheck C. Grace , Schwartz Susan Y. , Tulaczyk Slawek
Published: November 2019

Icequakes radiating from an ice-stream base provide insights into otherwise difficult to observe sub-kilometer-scale basal heterogeneity. We detect basal icequakes beneath an ∼3-km-wide seismic sensor network installed on the Whillans Ice Plain (WIP) in West Antarctica, and we use S-wave back-projection to detect and locate thousands of basal icequakes occurring over 14 and 21 days in January 2014 and 2015, respectively. We find flow-parallel streaks of basal icequakes beneath the WIP, which we conjecture are related to the presence of mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) indicated by ice-penetrating radar, with at least one streak originating in a local trough adjacent to a MSGL. Patterned basal seismicity can be caused by systematic spatial variation in basal pore pressure, bed-material frictional properties, or both. We interpret these flow-parallel icequake streaks as being due to frictionally heterogeneous bed materials in the presence of a streamlined ice-stream bed: bedform ridges correspond to aseismic, high-porosity deforming till, and some troughs to ephemeral exposures of deeper, seismogenic material such as lodged till or older sediments or rocks. Our results are consistent with MSGL formation by either erosion in troughs to expose deeper seismogenic material, or deposition of aseismic high-porosity till in bedform highs. Our results also suggest that evolving subglacial geomorphology can impact basal traction by reorganizing the spatial distribution of basal materials with varying mechanical properties.
Evolution of the melt source during protracted crustal anatexis: An example from the Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: Hopkinson Thomas , Harris Nigel , Roberts Nick M.W. , Warren Clare J. , Hammond Sam , Spencer Christopher J. , Parrish Randall R.
Published: November 2019

The chemical compositions of magmatic zircon growth zones provide powerful insight into evolving magma compositions due to their ability to record both time and the local chemical environment. In situ U-Pb and Hf isotope analyses of zircon rims from Oligocene–Miocene leucogranites of the Bhutan Himalaya reveal, for the first time, an evolution in melt composition between 32 and 12 Ma. The data indicate a uniform melt source from 32 Ma to 17 Ma, and the progressive addition of an older source component to the melt from at least ca. 17 Ma. Age-corrected ɛHf ratios decrease from between −10 and −15 down to values as low as −23 by 12 Ma. Complementary whole-rock Nd isotope data corroborate the Hf data, with a progressive decrease in ɛNd(t) from ca. 18 to 12 Ma. Published zircon and whole-rock Nd data from different lithotectonic units in the Himalaya suggest a chemical distinction between the younger Greater Himalayan Series (GHS) and the older Lesser Himalayan Series (LHS). The time-dependent isotopic evolution shown in the leucogranites demonstrates a progressive increase in melt contribution from older lithologies, suggestive of increasing LHS involvement in Himalayan melting over time. The time-resolved data are consistent with LHS material being progressively accreted to the base of the GHS from ca. 17 Ma, facilitated by deformation along the Main Central thrust. From 17 Ma, decompression, which had triggered anatexis in the GHS since the Paleogene, enabled melting in older sources from the accreted LHS, now forming the lowermost hanging wall of the thrust.