bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delineation of a recognizable phenotype for the recurrent LCR22‐C to D/E atypical 22q11.2 deletion
Authors: Bengoa‐Alonso Amaya , Artigas‐López Mercè , Moreno‐Igoa María , Cattalli Claudio , Hernández‐Charro Blanca , Ramos‐Arroyo Maria Antonia
Published: March 2016

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is typically caused by haploinsufficiency of a 3 Mb region that extends from LCR22‐A until LCR22‐D, while the recurrent recombination between any of the LCR22‐D to H causes the 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome. Here, we describe three patients with a de novo atypical ∼1.4 Mb 22q11.2 deletion that involves LCR22‐C to a region beyond D (LCR22‐C to D/E), encompassing the distal portion of the typical deleted region and the proximal portion of the distal deletion. We also review six previous published patients with the same rearrangement and compare their features with those found in patients with overlapping deletions. Patients with LCR22‐C to D/E deletion present a recognizable phenotype characterized by facial dysmorphic features, high frequency of cardiac defects, including conotruncal defects, prematurity, growth restriction, microcephaly, and mild developmental delay. Genotype–phenotype analysis of the patients indicates that CRKL and MAPK1 genes play an important role as causative factors for the main clinical features of the syndrome. In particular, CRKL gene seems to be involved in the occurrence of conotruncal cardiac anomalies, mainly tetralogy of Fallot. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5‐HTTLPR) in relation to adverse environment and antisocial behavior
Authors: Tielbeek Jorim J. , Karlsson Linnér Richard , Beers Koko , Posthuma Danielle , Popma Arne , Polderman Tinca J. C.
Published: March 2016

Several studies have suggested an association between antisocial, aggressive, and delinquent behavior and the short variant of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR). Yet, genome wide and candidate gene studies in humans have not convincingly shown an association between these behaviors and 5‐HTTLPR. Moreover, individual studies examining the effect of 5‐HTTLPR in the presence or absence of adverse environmental factors revealed inconsistent results. We therefore performed a meta‐analysis to test for the robustness of the potential interaction effect of the “long‐short” variant of the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and environmental adversities, on antisocial behavior. Eight studies, comprising of 12 reasonably independent samples, totaling 7,680 subjects with an effective sample size of 6,724, were included in the meta‐analysis. Although our extensive meta‐analysis resulted in a significant interaction effect between the 5‐HTTLPR genotype and environmental adversities on antisocial behavior, the methodological constraints of the included studies hampered a confident interpretation of our results, and firm conclusions regarding the direction of effect. Future studies that aim to examine biosocial mechanisms that influence the etiology of antisocial behavior should make use of larger samples, extend to genome‐wide genetic risk scores and properly control for covariate interaction terms, ensuring valid and well‐powered research designs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost utility analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Scangas George A. , Su Brooke M. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Shrime Mark G. , Metson Ralph
Published: March 2016

Background

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) compared to medical therapy for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

The study design consisted of a microsimulation Markov decision‐tree economic model with a 31‐year time horizon. A cohort of 489 patients who underwent ESS for CRS were matched 1 to 1 with a cohort of 489 patients from the national Medical Expenditures Panel Survey database who underwent medical management for CRS. Utility scores were calculated from responses to the EuroQol 5‐Dimension instrument in both cohorts. Decision‐tree analysis and a subsequent 10‐state Markov model utilized published event probabilities as well as primary data from a large multisurgeon prospective outcomes study to calculate long‐term costs and utility. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for ESS vs medical therapy alone was $13,851.26 per QALY. The cost effectiveness acceptability curve demonstrated 85.84% and 98.69% certainty that the ESS strategy was the most cost‐effective option at willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of $25,000 and $50,000 per QALY, respectively.

Conclusion

This study shows ESS to be a cost‐effective intervention compared to medical therapy alone for the management of patients with CRS.
Magnetic resonance imaging in a large cohort of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients: Pattern refinement and implications for clinical trials
Authors: Tasca Giorgio , Monforte Mauro , Ottaviani Pierfrancesco , Pelliccioni Marco , Frusciante Roberto , Laschena Francesco , Ricci Enzo
Published: March 2016

Objective

Therapeutic perspectives have brought attention to the development of instruments to accurately evaluate the degree of pathology in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. We aimed to analyze the type and extent of muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large cohort of patients representative of the broad clinical spectrum of this disease.

Methods

Pelvic and lower limb muscle MRI scans of 269 symptomatic individuals and 19 nonpenetrant gene carriers were assessed. Comparative analysis of the upper girdle scan in 181 of these subjects was also performed.

Results

We found a peculiar susceptibility and resistance of particular muscles. Combined involvement of abdominal and hamstring muscles with iliopsoas sparing is common in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (67% of the patients). Adductor longus and/or rectus femoris, whose involvement can go clinically undetected, are often typically affected in early disease (69% of patients younger than 45 years). The extent of lesions on lower limb MRI showed a high correlation with overall clinical severity. One‐fourth of the nonpenetrant gene carriers showed abnormalities on MRI. Hyperintensities on short‐tau inversion recovery sequences, markers of active disease, were found in muscles without signs of fatty replacement in 35% of patients, representing early lesions.

Interpretation

Our large‐scale cross‐sectional data provide preliminary evidence for the usefulness of MRI in clinical trials, and set the baseline for longitudinal studies. Muscle MRI can also be used for distinguishing facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy from other myopathies in selected cases. Finally, our results are consistent with a model that configures facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy as a “muscle‐by‐muscle” disease. Ann Neurol 2016;79:854–864
Peptide‐Decorated Dendrimers and Their Bioapplications
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Alewood Paul F.
Published: March 2016

Peptide‐decorated dendrimers (PDDs) are a class of spherical, regular, branched polymers that are modified by peptides covalently attached to their surface. PDDs have been used as protein mimetics, novel biomaterials, and in a wide range of biomedical applications. Since their design and development in the late eighties, poly‐l‐lysine has been a preferred core structure for PDDs. However, numerous recent innovations in polymer synthesis and ligation chemistry have re‐energized the field and led to the emergence of well‐defined peptide dendrimers with more diverse core structures and functions. This Minireview highlights the development of PDDs driven by significantly improved ligation chemistry incorporating structurally well‐defined peptides and the emerging use of PDDs in imaging and drug development.
Polyfunctional Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Alkenyl Reagents as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Complex Heterocycles
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Benischke Andreas D. , Greiner Robert , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2016

New conjunctive β‐silylated organometallic reagents of Li, Mg, and Zn have been prepared and used for an expeditive construction of various polyfunctionalized 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered heterocycles, such as furans, pyrroles, quinolines, benzo[b]thieno‐[2,3‐b]pyridine, naphthyridines, fused pyrazoles, and 2,3‐dihydro‐benzo[c]azepines. The latent silyl group has been converted into various carbon–carbon bonds in most heterocycle types.
Synthesis, characterization, electropolymerization, and possible utilities of a new ruthenium–thiophene complex
Authors: González Beatriz , del Valle M. Angélica , Díaz Fernando R. , Espinosa‐Bustos Christian , Ramírez Andrés M. R. , Hernández Loreto A.
Published: March 2016

[RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 was reacted with silver triflate and thiophene to give the sandwich complex [Ru(η5‐C4H4S)(η6‐p‐cymene)](PF6)2, which was characterized with NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The behavior of this new complex in dimethyl sulfoxide with regard to the amount of absorbed water was investigated by both NMR and cyclic voltammetry; the formation of other species that affected electropolymerization was demonstrated. However, under optimal working conditions (in an anhydrous medium), the complex was successfully immobilized on a platinum electrode via an electro‐oxidation pathway through the thiophene ligand. This generated a highly stable, electroactive polymer film. Its response to the doping–undoping (charge–discharge) and redox processes, added to its high stability, promises important applications for this novel material. Moreover, this opens up the possibility of testing other compounds, such as [Ru(η5‐thiophene)(η6‐arene)], that were previously synthesized and reported for their electropolymerization and use as sensors according to their redox properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43559.
Toughening mechanism of PPS/Sr ferrite composites by TPU elastomer
Authors: Qiao Liang , Dong Xin , Ying Yao , Zheng Jingwu , Li Wangchang , Che Shenglei
Published: March 2016

In order to improve the impact strength of PPS‐based strontium ferrite composite, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer was added in the composite as a toughening agent. The composites were obtained by melt‐blending PPS, TPU and strontium ferrites in twin‐screw extruder. The crystalline state, thermal property, surface morphology and impact strength of the composites were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermoravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and izod impact test. The addition of TPU improves impact strength of PPS‐based strontium ferrite composite. When the addition of TPU increases to 11wt %, the impact strength of Sr‐ferrite/PPS/TPU composite is enhanced by 51.44% compared with the sample without TPU addition, and reaches to 5.77 kJ/m2. The occurrence of bonding interaction between PPS and TPU, demonstrated by a series of experiments, changes the structure and impact properties of PPS. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement of Sr‐ferrite/PPS/TPU composites, which is different from the conventional toughening mechanism by the conformation of elastomers and the suppression of microcracks propagation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43564.
Inkjet printing of polyvinyl alcohol multilayers for additive manufacturing applications
Authors: Salaoru Iulia , Zhou Zuoxin , Morris Peter , Gibbons Gregory J.
Published: March 2016

Here we demonstrate that inkjet printing technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) multilayer structures. PVOH water‐based inks were formulated with the addition of additives such as humectant and pigments. The intrinsic properties of the inks, such as surface tension, rheological behavior, pH, wetting, and time stability were investigated. The ink's surface tension was in the range 30–40 mN/m. All formulated inks displayed a pseudoplastic (non‐Newtonian shear thinning and thixotropic) behavior at low‐shear rates and a Newtonian behavior at high‐shear rates; were neutral solutions (pH7) and demonstrated a good time stability. A proprietary 3D inkjet printing system was utilized to print polymer multilayer structures. The morphology, surface profile, and the thickness uniformity of inkjet printed multilayers were evaluated by optical microscopy and FT‐IR microscopy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43572.
Surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips by polyamidoamine dendrimers for amino acid separation
Authors: Lin Dong , Zhao Qin , Yan Miaomiao
Published: March 2016

In order to improve the hydrophilicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips, a series of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were grafted onto the PDMS pretreated by oxygen plasma and silanized with γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐GPS). Fourier transformed infrared absorption by total attenuated reflection (ATR‐FTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) showed that PAMAM dendrimers had been grafted on the PDMS surface and a dense and uniform coating was generated. The contact angle decreased from 108.1° to 31.8° compared with the unmodified PDMS, which indicated that the hydrophilicity of PDMS improved markedly. In the modified PDMS microfluidic chips, the EOF reduced obviously and the nonspecific adsorption between the amino acids and the microchannel surface was prevented effectively. The separation efficiency of arginine and phenylalanine were as high as 7.34 × 104 plates/m and 8.61 × 104 plates/m, respectively, and the resolution (RS) was 4.41. Furthermore, the reproducibility of modified chips was also very excellent, which suggested they had good stability and long service life. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43580.
Effect of electric field on polymer/clay nanocomposites depending on the affinities between the polymer and clay
Authors: Ock Hyun Geun , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Lee Seung Jong
Published: March 2016

Applying an electric field is an efficient way to fabricate polymer/clay nanocomposites. It helps to achieve a good dispersion of nanoclays which improves the performance of the polymeric system. In this study, the effect of an alternating current (A.C.) electric field was investigated on clay exfoliation with various combinations of polymer/clay nanocomposites. Three different types of organoclays (Cloisite 10A, 20A, 30B) were introduced in polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrices. Their rheological properties showed that the A.C. electric field was effective in enhancing the dispersion of organoclays in both the PP/clay and PLA/clay composites. The efficiency of the A.C. field varied depending on the combination of polymer and clay nanoparticles. In the case of PP, the best combination was PP/C20A followed by PP/C10A and PP/C30B. In contrast, PLA/clay showed an opposite trend. This difference arises from the different affinities between the polymers and the functional groups of the clays. The Hansen solubility parameter was introduced to quantify the affinities between the polymer and clay. The electric field was more effective for polymer/clay combinations that had less difference in the Hansen solubility parameter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43582.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TRYPSIN‐LIKE AND CHYMOTRYPSIN‐LIKE SERINE PROTEASES FROM MIDGUT OF Mythimna separata Walker
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqun , Fan Dong , Zhao Kuijun
Published: March 2016

Two cDNA sequences encoding a trypsin‐like and a chymotrypsin‐like serine protease (MsT and MsCT, GenBank accession Nos. KP730443 and KP730444, respectively) were cloned from midgut of oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker. Multiple alignments revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences of MsT and MsCT contained a serine protease catalytic motif GDSGGPL and catalytic triads (His, Asp, and Ser). Analyses of tissue and developmental expression of MsT and MsCT showed that they were mainly expressed in midguts and could be detected in first to sixth instar larvae, prepupal and pupal stages. Expressions of both MsT and MsCT were downregulated after 24 h of starvation and upregulated by subsequent insect refeeding. MsT expression in response to 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) was dose dependent and upregulated after 24 h. However, MsCT expression in response to 20E was downregulated compared with controls. MsCT, but not MsT, transcripts were upregulated after 24 h of Cry1Ac protoxin exposure. These results suggested that MsT was most likely involved in food protein digestion and molting in M. separata whereas MsCT was most likely involved in food protein digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protoxin activation. RNA interference indicated that MsT and MsCT expression levels decreased 76.7 and 86.2% after treated with MsT and MsCT dsRNA, respectively. This study showed that M. separata expressed midgut proteases in line with known lepidopteran counterparts and contributed valuable sequence resource information regarding insect proteases.
Discovery of 4‐(Piperazin‐1‐yl)‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Akt Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Yang , Yin Yanzhen , Zhang Jingya , Nomie Krystle , Zhang Liang , Yang Dezhi , Wang Michael L. , Zhao Guisen
Published: March 2016

A series of 4‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as Akt inhibitors by optimization of a weak screening lead (1). Typically, compounds 5q and 5t significantly improved the Akt1 inhibitory potency with IC50 values of 18.0 and 21.3 nM, respectively, with desirable antiproliferative effect against the cell lines LNCaP and PC‐3. The inhibitors 5q and 5t might serve as lead compounds for further exploration of Akt inhibitors as anticancer agents.
Student performance in and perceptions of a high structure undergraduate human anatomy course
Authors: Shaffer Justin F.
Published: March 2016

Human anatomy has usually been taught in a didactic fashion in colleges and universities. However, recent calls from United States governmental agencies have called for the transformation of undergraduate life sciences education to include active learning in the classroom. In addition, high structure courses have been shown to increase student engagement both in and out of the classroom and to improve student performance. Due to these reform efforts and the evidence on the benefits of these student‐centered pedagogies, the goal of this study was to develop and assess a high structure college undergraduate human anatomy course with a lecture and laboratory component. The course was taught using a systems anatomy approach that required students to read the textbook and complete assignments before class, actively participate in class, and complete review quizzes after class. Results showed that teaching with high structure methods did not negatively affect any student groups (based on gender, ethnicity, or major) as measured by performance on lecture examinations and laboratory practical examinations. Students reported that reading the textbook and working with anatomical models were the most important towards helping them learn the course material and students' confidence in achieving the course goals significantly increased at the end of the course. The successful development and implementation of this course suggests that it is possible to teach human anatomy using active learning and high structure. Future studies can now be conducted to determine the contributions of specific course components to student success in high structure human anatomy courses. Anat Sci Educ 9: 516–528. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Propindilactone G, Part 1: Initial Attempts towards the Synthesis of Schiartanes
Authors: Xu Ling‐Ming , You Lin , Shan Zhen‐Hua , Yu Ruo‐Cheng , Zhang Bo , Li Yuan‐He , Shi Ying , Chen Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhen
Published: March 2016

Our first‐generation synthetic study towards the total synthesis of propindilactone G (1) and its analogues is reported. The key synthetic steps were an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) and a vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction (VMAR). The stereoselective synthesis of the CDE ring moiety with an all‐carbon quaternary center through a PKR was difficult, whilst a VMAR afforded a product with the opposite stereochemistry at the C20 position on the side chain. These results led us to redesign our synthetic strategy for the total synthesis of compound 1.
Trimeric and Tetrameric Electron‐Deficient Porphyrin Tapes
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Kim Taeyeon , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: March 2016

New hybrid porphyrin tapes comprising meso‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl‐substituted ZnII‐porphyrins (D) and meso‐pentafluorophenyl‐substituted ZnII‐porphyrins (A) were synthesized via cross‐condensation of meso‐formyl porphyrins 1, 5, and 9 with oligopyrromethanes 2 and 6 as key steps. These hybrid tapes exhibit improved solubilities and enhanced chemical stability as compared with original Dn porphyrin tapes, and all display remarkably coplanar structures favorable for π‐conjugation. The absorption spectrum of ADDA displays Q‐like bands at 1400 and 1657 nm with a vibronic structure characteristic of porphyrinoids. The cyclic voltammograms exhibited positively shifted oxidation and reduction waves in the order of DDD<DAD<ADA<AAA. Tetrameric tape ADDA displays five reversible waves in a narrow range of 1.13 V. Two‐photon absorption (TPA) measurement confirmed that the π‐conjugation path is extended from 12 to ADDA and the molecular polarizability of ADA is larger than that of AAA.
Short‐term prediction of traffic parameters—performance comparison of a data‐driven and less‐data‐required approaches
Authors: Badhrudeen Mohamed , Raj Jithin , Vanajakshi Lelitha Devi
Published: March 2016

The travel decisions made by road users are more affected by the traffic conditions when they travel than the current conditions. Thus, accurate prediction of traffic parameters for giving reliable information about the future state of traffic conditions is very important. Mainly, this is an essential component of many advanced traveller information systems coming under the intelligent transportation systems umbrella. In India, the automated traffic data collection is in the beginning stage, with many of the cities still struggling with database generation and processing, and hence, a less‐data‐demanding approach will be attractive for such applications, if it is not going to reduce the prediction accuracy to a great extent. The present study explores this area and tries to answer this question using automated data collected from field. A data‐driven technique, namely, artificial neural networks (ANN), which is shown to be a good tool for prediction problems, is taken as an example for data‐driven approach. Grey model, GM(1,1), which is also reported as a good prediction tool, is selected as the less‐data‐demanding approach. Volume, classified volume, average speed and classified speed at a particular location were selected for the prediction. The results showed comparable performance by both the methods. However, ANN required around seven times data compared with GM for comparable performance. Thus, considering the comparatively lesser input requirement of GM, it can be considered over ANN in situations where the historic database is limited. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time identification of traffic conditions prone to injury and non‐injury crashes on freeways using genetic programming
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Liu Pan , Wang Wei , Zhang Yin
Published: March 2016

This study applied the genetic programming (GP) model to identify traffic conditions prone to injury and property‐damage‐only (PDO) crashes in different traffic states on freeways. It was found that the traffic conditions prone to injury and PDO crashes can be classified into a high‐speed and a low‐speed traffic state. The random forest (RF) analyses were conducted to identify the contributing factors to injury and PDO crashes in these two traffic states. Four separate GP models were then developed to link the risks of injury and PDO crashes in two traffic states to the variables selected by the RF. An overall GP model was also developed for the combined dataset. It was found that the separate GP models that considered different traffic states and crash severity provided better predictive performance than the overall model, and the traffic flow variables that affected injury and PDO crashes were quite different across different traffic states. The proposed GP models were also compared with the traditional logistic regression models. The results suggested that the GP models outperformed the logistic regression models in terms of the prediction accuracy. More specifically, the GP models increased the prediction accuracy of injury crashes by 10.7% and 8.0% in the low‐speed and high‐speed traffic states. For PDO crashes, the GP models increased the prediction accuracy by 7.4% and 6.0% in the low‐speed and high‐speed traffic states. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review: The HSP90 molecular chaperone—an enigmatic ATPase
Authors: Pearl Laurence H.
Published: March 2016

The HSP90 molecular chaperone is involved in the activation and cellular stabilization of a range of ‘client’ proteins, of which oncogenic protein kinases and nuclear steroid hormone receptors are of particular biomedical significance. Work over the last two decades has revealed a conformational cycle critical to the biological function of HSP90, coupled to an inherent ATPase activity that is regulated and manipulated by many of the co‐chaperones proteins with which it collaborates. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 ATPase activity results in degradation of client proteins in vivo, and is a promising target for development of new cancer therapeutics. Despite this, the actual function that HSP90s conformationally‐coupled ATPase activity provides in its biological role as a molecular chaperone remains obscure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 594–607, 2016.
90‐yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, rituximab in intermediate/high‐risk follicular lymphoma: updated long‐term results after a median follow‐up of 7 years
Authors: Casadei Beatrice , Pellegrini Cinzia , Pulsoni Alessandro , Annechini Giorgia , De Renzo Amalia , Stefoni Vittorio , Broccoli Alessandro , Gandolfi Letizia , Quirini Federica , Tonialini Lorenzo , Morigi Alice , Argnani Lisa , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: March 2016

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) after an induction phase with conventional chemoimmunotherapy became an attractive strategy of consolidation for patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: in particular, in many studies RIT was represented by yttrium‐90‐ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y‐IT). Independently by the different front‐line treatment, updates on the long‐term follow‐up of these studies are needed because the disease course of follicular lymphoma is characterised by multiple relapses and progressively shorter durations of response. We report updated long‐term efficacy and toxicity results of a multicenter phase II study on sequential treatment with four cycles of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and rituximab followed by 90Y‐IT as front‐line therapy for untreated patients with intermediate/high‐risk follicular lymphoma. With a median follow‐up of 84 months, only 19/49 (38.8%) complete response patients relapsed, yielding an estimated long‐term disease‐free survival of 62.6%. The 7‐year overall survival was 72.7%. Four (7.3%) second acute myeloid leukemia occurred, with a median time following RIT of 42 months. A relevant patients' responsiveness to subsequent therapies occurred: approximately 65% of relapsed patients obtained a good clinical response after the second‐line treatment. These data represented the first evidence of a real role even in the long period of 90Y‐IT after a fludarabine‐containing regimen plus rituximab in the treatment of high‐risk follicular lymphoma.
The local treatment modalities in FIGO stage I‐II small‐cell carcinoma of the cervix are determined by disease stage and lymph node status
Authors: Zhou Juan , Yang Hong‐Yi , Wu San‐Gang , He Zhen‐Yu , Lin Huan‐Xin , Sun Jia‐Yuan , Li Qun , Guo Zhan‐Wen
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal local treatment modalities for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I‐II small‐cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC), including cancer‐directed surgery (CDS) and/or radiotherapy (RT). The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify SCCC patients from 1988 to 2012, and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression proportional hazard methods to determine factors significant for cause‐specific survival (CSS) and overall (OS). A total of 208 patients of SCCC were enrolled. The median follow‐up time was 31 months. Fifty‐eight (27.9%) patients were treated with primary CDS, 88 (42.3%) patients underwent CDS combined with RT, and 62 (29.8%) patients were treated with primary RT. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that local treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for CSS and OS. Patients who had undergone CDS had better CSS and OS, compared with patients who had been treated with combined CDS and RT or RT alone. The 5‐year CSS and OS of entire group was 49.8% and 46.4%, respectively. The 5‐year CSS in the groups of patients receiving CDS, CDS combined with RT, and RT alone were 67.9%, 49.7%, and 32.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). The 5‐year OS in patients treated with CDS, CDS combined with RT, and RT alone were 64.9%, 46.2%, and 28.8% (P < 0.001). Primary surgery was associated with improved CSS and OS for FIGO stage I and lymph node negative disease. Primary surgery is the most effective local treatment for FIGO stage I‐II SCCC, as adjuvant RT or radical RT does not improve survival compared to radical surgery, especially in patients with FIGO stage I and lymph node negative disease.
The Conformational Variability of FimH: Which Conformation Represents the Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Eris Deniz , Preston Roland C. , Scharenberg Meike , Hulliger Fabian , Abgottspon Daniela , Pang Lijuan , Jiang Xiaohua , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat
Published: March 2016

FimH is a bacterial lectin found at the tips of type 1 pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). It mediates shear‐enhanced adhesion to mannosylated surfaces. Binding of UPEC to urothelial cells initiates the infection cycle leading to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antiadhesive glycomimetics based on α‐d‐mannopyranose offer an attractive alternative to the conventional antibiotic treatment because they do not induce a selection pressure and are therefore expected to have a reduced resistance potential. Genetic variation of the fimH gene in clinically isolated UPEC has been associated with distinct mannose binding phenotypes. For this reason, we investigated the mannose binding characteristics of four FimH variants with mannose‐based ligands under static and hydrodynamic conditions. The selected FimH variants showed individually different binding behavior under both sets of conditions as a result of the conformational variability of FimH. Clinically relevant FimH variants typically exist in a dynamic conformational equilibrium. Additionally, we evaluated inhibitory potencies of four FimH antagonists representing different structural classes. Inhibitory potencies of three of the tested antagonists were dependent on the binding phenotype and hence on the conformational equilibrium of the FimH variant. However, the squarate derivative was the notable exception and inhibited FimH variants irrespective of their binding phenotype. Information on antagonist affinities towards various FimH variants has remained largely unconsidered despite being essential for successful antiadhesion therapy.
Posterior interosseous neuropathy: the diagnostic benefits of a multimodal approach to investigation
Authors: Lawley Andrew Robert , Saha Shouvik , Manfredonia Francesco
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical Message

Posterior interosseous neuropathy should be considered in patients presenting with finger and wrist drop and no sensory deficit. Clinical and electrophysiological assessments are key to a diagnosis. MRI may disclose etiological information not available to clinical or neurophysiological assessment, and should be thought as a complementary diagnostic tool.
Kinetic Modeling of Dunaliella tertiolecta Growth under Different Nitrogen Concentrations
Authors: Fré Nicéia Chies Da , Chagas Arthur Lygeros das , Rech Rosane , Marcílio Nilson Romeu
Published: March 2016

Mathematical models are presented to describe the relationship between nitrogen consumption, biomass growth, and carotenoid production by the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta BE 003 grown under nitrogen‐limited and nonlimited conditions. The nitrogen uptake was modeled by an n‐order nitrogen‐catalyzed reaction. Three different expressions were proposed for the biomass‐specific growth rate. Carotenoid production was fitted using the Luedeking‐Piret equation. The nitrogen‐catalyzed expression proved to be adequate to model nitrogen uptake by D. tertiolecta over a wide range of nitrogen concentrations. Biomass expression must be improved to describe the cessation of growth when nitrogen is still available in the cultures. The Luedeking‐Piret expression successfully modeled the carotenoid production.
Intrinsic Iron‐Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electro‐Fenton Catalyst for the Conversion of Benzene to Redox‐Active Surface‐Confined Quinones
Authors: Vishnu Nandimalla , Kumar Annamalai Senthil
Published: March 2016

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes containing an iron impurity (2.1 wt %) (MWCNT‐Fe*) were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE/MWCNT‐Fe*), which was subsequently exploited for the electrochemical oxidation of benzene (BZ) to redox‐active and surface‐confined quinones (BZO) in H2O2 containing pH 2 HCl–KCl. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry studies with naked Fe3+/2+, catechol (CA), and hydroquinone (HQ), evidenced that, in the presence of H2O2, the intrinsic iron impurity in MWCNT‐Fe* follows the electro‐Fenton reaction to oxidize BZ to BZO (CA+HQ) on the surface of MWCNT‐Fe* (i.e. GCE/MWCNT‐Fe*@BZO). Electro‐catalytic oxidation of hydrazine was demonstrated as a model system for the application of the GCE/MWCNT‐Fe*@BZO catalyst.
Penalty processes for combining roughness and smoothness in spectral multivariate calibration
Authors: Tencate Alister , Kalivas John H. , Andries Erik
Published: March 2016

Tikhonov regularization (TR) has been successfully applied to form spectral multivariate calibration models by augmenting spectroscopic data with a regulation operator matrix. This matrix can be set to the identity matrix I (ridge regression), yielding what shall be considered rough regression vectors. It can also be set to the i‐th derivative operator matrix iL to form smoothed regression vectors. Two new penalty (regularization) methods are proposed that concurrently factor both roughness and smoothness in forming the model vector. This combination occurs by augmenting calibration spectra simultaneously with independently weighted I and iL matrices. The results of these two new methods are presented and compared with results using ridge regression forming rough model vectors and only using the smoothing TR processes. Partial least squares regression is also used to combine roughness and smoothness, and these results are compared with the TR variants. The sum of ranking differences algorithm and the two fusion rules sum and median are used for automatic model selection, that is, the appropriate tuning parameters for I and iL and partial least squares latent vectors. The approaches are evaluated using near‐infrared and ultraviolet‐visible spectral data sets. The near‐infrared set consists of corn samples for the analysis of protein and moisture content. The ultraviolet‐visible set consists of a three‐component system of inorganic elements. The general trends found are that when spectra are originally generally smooth, then using the smoothing methods provides no improvement in prediction errors. However, when spectra are considered noisy, then smoothing methods can assist in reducing prediction errors. This is especially true when the spectroscopic noise is more widespread across the wavelength regions. There was no difference in the results between the different smoothing methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsupervised random forest: a tutorial with case studies
Authors: Afanador Nelson Lee , Smolinska Agnieszka , Tran Thanh N. , Blanchet Lionel
Published: March 2016

Unsupervised methods, such as principal component analysis, have gained popularity and wide‐spread acceptance in the chemometrics and applied statistics communities. Unsupervised random forest is an additional method capable of discovering underlying patterns in the data. However, the number of applications of unsupervised random forest in chemometrics has been limited. One possible cause for this is the belief that random forest can only be used in a supervised analysis setting. This tutorial introduces the basic concepts of unsupervised random forest and illustrates several applications in chemometrics through worked examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILITY OF XENON(II) COMPOUNDS, THE PENTAFLUOROOXYSELENIUM AND PENTAFLUOROOXYTELLURIUM RADICALS, BIS(PENTAFLUOROTELLURIUM) PEROXIDE AND CHLORINE PENTAFLUOROORTHOTELLURATE
Authors: SEPPELT KONRAD , NOTHE DIETRICH
Published: March 2016

Die Verbindungen Xe(OXF5 )2(X: Se, Te) sind die thermisch stabilsten der bisher bekannten Xe(OR)2‐ Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE ELEKTROREDUKTIVE KUPPLUNG VON KETONEN MIT NICHTAKTIVIERTEN OLEFINEN
Authors: SHONO T. , MITANI M.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Elektrolyse von Gemischen aus Ketonen (I) und Olefinen (II) in Isopropanol] Dioxan‐Gemischen als Lösungsmittel werden die Kupplungsprodukte (III) als Hauptprodukte isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON TERPENOIDS PART 16, SYNTHESIS OF 3BETA,17‐DIACETOXY‐PHYLLOCLADEN‐15‐ONE
Authors: MUKHERJEE DEBABRATA , MUKHOPADHYAY SUNIL KUMAR , MAHALANABIS KUMAR KANTI , DAS GUPTA AMITABHA , DUTTA PHANINDRA CHANDRA
Published: March 2016

Das aus den Verbindungen (I) und (II) erhältliche Ketal (III) wird erneut mit (II) cyclisiert, wobei das Lacton (IV) und die Säure (Va) gebildet werden; alkalische Hydrolyse überführt (IV) in (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE SYNTHESE VON 3‐ACYLAMINO‐PYRROLEN
Authors: ZAV'YALOV S. I. , ARONOVA N. I. , MUSTAFAEVA I. F.
Published: March 2016

N‐Acetyl‐ und N‐Benzoyl‐amino‐aceton (I) bilden in kochender wäßriger Bariumhydroxid‐Lösung das Zwischenprodukt (II), das unter partieller Desacylierung 2,4‐Dimethyl‐3‐acetylamino‐ bzw. ‐benzoylamino‐pyrrol (III) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: AENDERUNG DER OBERFLAECHENSTRUKTUR VON QUARZGLAS BEI IONENBESCHUSS
Authors: DINYAEVA N. S. , TITOVA T. V. , RYZHOV YU. A. , SHELYUBSKII V. I.
Published: March 2016

Beim Beschuß von Quarzglas mit Ar+, Kr+‐ oder Xe+‐Ionen in Richtung der Oberflächennormalen treten Ätzerscheinungen auf, die dem Angriff von HF vergleichbar sind.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS IN OXYHALIDES OF PENTAVALENT CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN PART 2
Authors: VAN KEMENADE J. T. C.
Published: March 2016

Die EPR‐Spektren der Ionen (I)‐(II) in geeigneten Wirtsgittern werden aufgenommen und die Parameter der Spektren zu den Bindungsorbitalkoeffizienten in Verbindung gesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS EINER WAERMEBEHANDLUNG AUF DIE EIGENSCHAFTEN VON STARK MIT GOLD DOTIERTEM GERMANIUM
Authors: VOEVODIN V. G. , KRIVOV M. A. , IL'INYKH V. E. , KRIVOSHEIN V. M.
Published: March 2016

Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Ladungsträgerkonzentration und ‐beweglichkeit von Ge mit einer Konzentration von elektrisch aktivem Au von ca. 8°C 1015 cm‐3 wurde untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: LEGIERUNGEN DES SYSTEMS NASBS2‐SB2S3
Authors: BAZAKUTSA V. A. , GNIDASH N. I. , ROGACHEVA E. I. , SALOV A. V. , BERUL' S. I. , LAZAREV V. B.
Published: March 2016

Phasenzusammensetzung und Kristallstruktur von Proben des Titelsystems mit 50‐100 Mol‐% Sb2S3 werden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION DER BROMIDE UND UMWANDLUNG DER POLYPHOSPHATE VON NATRIUM UND KALIUM IN GEGENWART VON LUFTSAUERSTOFF
Authors: SHEVRINA Z. A. , KOCHERGIN V. P. , EFIMOVA Z. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation von NaBr‐ und KBr‐Schmelzen mit Luftsauerstoff in Gegenwart von Na‐l oder K‐polyphosphat wurde untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS VON TITAN AUF DIE STABILISIERUNG VON NIOBSUBOXIDEN
Authors: KORNILOV I. I. , DEKANENKO V. M. , VAVILOVA V. V.
Published: March 2016

Zusätze von 2 Atom‐% Ti zu Nb erhöhen den Maximalgehalt von Sauerstoff in fester Lösung nach Abschrecken von 6 auf 8 Atom‐%.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REARRANGEMENTS OF NEUTRAL AND PROTONATED 4‐PYRONES
Authors: PAVLIK JAMES W. , KWONG JOSEPHINE
Published: March 2016

Bei Bestrahlung der Pyry.lium‐Kationen (I) in 96%iger Schwefelsäure entstehen die entsprechenden 2‐Hydroxy‐pyrylium‐Kationen, die bei nachfolgender Neutralisation in die entsprechendenPyrone (II) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: EIN EINFACHER WEG ZU SPINADDUKTEN AUS NITROSOVERBINDUNGEN UND T‐BUTYL‐RADIKALEN, UNGEWOEHNLICH STABILE N‐ALKOXY‐ANILINO‐RADIKALE
Authors: AHRENS W. , BERNDT A.
Published: March 2016

Aus Nitroverbindungen (I) können direkt mit dem 2,2′‐Azo‐isobutan (II) über (III) und (IV) die Radikal‐Addukte (V) und (VI) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION OF 1,2‐DEHYDROBENZENE FROM THE DEHALOSILYLATION OF (O‐HALOPHENYL)TRIMETHYLSILANES
Authors: CUNICO R. F. , DEXHEIMER E. M.
Published: March 2016

Die o‐Halogenphenyltrimethylsilane (I) ergeben bei der Behandlung mit Kalium‐tertbutylat (II) bzw. Tetramethylammoniumfluorid (III) in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln wie Diglyme oder Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid die Produkte (IV)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ESTERIFICATION OF STERICALLY HINDERED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS USING TRIMETHYL PHOSPHATE
Authors: HARRIS M. M. , PATEL P. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Überführung der sterisch gehinderten Dicarbonsäure (I) in den entsprechenden Di‐ und Monoester wird noch dadurch erschwert, daß (I) unter dem Einfluß von Mineralsäuren oder Thionylchlorid sofort zum Anthanthron cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION BY SELECTIVE COUPLING OF ALKYLTHIOALLYLCOPPER REAGENT WITH ALLYLIC HALIDES
Authors: OSHIMA KOICHIRO , YAMAMOTO HISASHI , NOZAKI HITOSI
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Thioäther (I) und sek.‐Butyllithium (II) bei tiefer Temperatur erhaltene Isopropylmercaptoallyllithium (III) liefert bei ‐78°C unter Stickstoff mit CuJ in ätherischer Lösung das entsprechende Cu‐Analoge, das durch nachfolgende Reaktion mit Allylbromid bei ‐78°C den Thioäther (V) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF QUINATE‐SHIKIMATE CONVERSIONS, SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐4‐EPI‐SHIKIMIC ACID
Authors: SNYDER CLINTON D. , RAPOPORT HENRY
Published: March 2016

Die Addition von HCN an das Cyclohexan (I) erfolgt nicht‐stereospezifisch unter Bildung eines Cyanhydrin‐Epimerengemisches (II), das durch Dehydratisierung ein ca. 1:1‐Gemisch der epimeren Nitrile (IIIa) und (IIIb) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: ABNORMAL MICHAEL REACTION, THE REACTION BETWEEN 2‐CYCLOHEXENONE AND DIETHYL METHYLMALONATE
Authors: RISINGER G. E. , HAAG W. G.
Published: March 2016

2‐Cyclohexenon (I) reagiert mit Methylmalonester (III) unter primärer Bildung des auch unabhängig eingesetzten Dimeren (II) über die Zwischenstufen (IV) und (V) zum Diketoester (VI) und Propionsäureester (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC 2‐ENONES FROM CYCLIC 1,3‐DIKETONES
Authors: HIEGEL G. A. , BURK P.
Published: March 2016

5,5‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexandion (Ia) wird in das Tosylhydrazon (Ib) übergeführt und mit Kaliumcarbonat thermisch zum 5,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐on (II) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON ISOPROPYLBENZOL UND TERT.‐BUTYLTOLUOL MIT METHYLCYCLOHEXAN AM ALUMOSILICAT‐KATALYSATOR
Authors: GAVRILOV B. G. , MOLCHANOVA G. K. , NOVIKOVA E. G.
Published: March 2016

Isopropylbenzol und tert.‐Butyltoluol reagieren mit Methylcyclohexan in Gegenwart von Alumosilicaten bei 300°C (100 at) zu komplexen Gemischen von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Isoalkanen, Alkylcyclopentanen und Alkylcyclohexanen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PURE ARYLKETONE CYANOHYDRINS AND ARYLKETONES FROM AROMATIC ALDEHYDES
Authors: MAKOSZA M. , GOETZEN T.
Published: March 2016

Benzaldehydcyanhydrin (I) addiert Butylvinyläther in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Salzsäure in guter Ausbeute unter Bildung des Acetals (II), das sich unter alkalischen Bedingungen in Gegenwart von TriäthylbenzylammoniumChlorid mit Alkylhalogeniden zu den Verbindungen (III) alkylieren läßt, aus denen durch saure Hydrolyse die Cyanhydrine (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALGETICS BASED ON THE PYRROLIDINE RING PART 9
Authors: BOWMAN R. E. , COLLIER H. O. J. , LOCKHART I. M. , SCHNEIDER C. , WEBB N. E. , WRIGHT M.
Published: March 2016

Die Pyrrolidine (I) werden mit Allylbromid (II) in Gegenwart von Natriumhydro; gencarbonat in Dimethylformamid zu (III) umgesetzt und anschließend durch Behandlung mit Bortribromid zu (IV) demethyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BROMINATED IMIDAZOLES
Authors: STENSIOE KARL‐ERLAND , WAHLBERG KERSTIN , WAHREN ROBERT
Published: March 2016

Die Bromierung von Imidazol (Ia) zum Tribromderivat (II) gelingt ‐ in besserer Ausbeute als früher ‐ in Essigsäure/Na‐acetat.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF DIAZONIUM SALTS PART 3, A NEW FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 4‐FLUOROIMIDAZOLES
Authors: KIRK K. L. , COHEN L. A.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Nitro‐histidin‐Derivat (Ia) entsteht bei der Reduktion mit Zink in 50%iger wäßriger Fluoroborsäure das Amin (Ib), das mit Nitrit über das Diazoniumsalz (Ic) die Fluor‐Verbindung (Id) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐(2‐AMINOETHYL)‐2‐OXAZOLIDINONES WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANT AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
Authors: WELSTEAD W. J. , HELSLEY G. C. , TAYLOR C. R. , TURNBULL L. B. , DA VANZO J. P. , FUNDERBURK W. H. , ALPHIN R. S.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Chloräthyl‐oxazolidinonen (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit den Aminen (II) die Derivate (III) hergestellt und auf ihre zentral dämgfende, analgetische und entzündungshemmende Wirkung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MESOIONISCHE 4‐AMINO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOL‐3‐THIONE UND 1,4‐DIHYDRO‐1,2,4,5‐TETRAZIN‐3‐THIONE
Authors: GRASHEY R. , KORN C. , WEIDNER M.
Published: March 2016

Die mesoionischen Thiadiazolthione (I) geben mit Methyljodid quantitativ die Thiadiazolium‐Salze (II), die sich mit den N,N‐substituierten Hydrazinen (III) über (IV) zu den mesoionischen Triazol‐thionen (V) umsetzen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTHESE VON BETA‐ACETYL‐ UND BETA‐CARBAETHOXYPYRYLIUMSALZEN
Authors: DOROFEENKO G. N. , MEZHERITSKII V. V. , RYABUKHIN YU. I. , OLEKHNOVICH E. P.
Published: March 2016

Die β‐Ketoenoläther (I) bilden mit Perchlorsäure salzartige Verbindungen (II), die mit den Ketonen (III) in Essigsäure oder Acetanhydrid zu Pyryliumsalzen (IV) umgesetzt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL REACTION OF 2,2‐DIACYL‐N‐(1‐PYRIDINIO)VINYLAMINIDES, FORMATION OF PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIDINES AND ISOXAZOLES
Authors: TAMURA YASUMITSU , MIKI YASUYOSHI , SUMIDA YOSHI , IKEDA MASAZUMI
Published: March 2016

Die Sulfonate (I) werden bei Behandlung mit Amberlite IRA‐410 in die Imide (II) übergeführt, die mit den Dionen (III) zu den Aminiden (IV) reagieren.