bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutions and Contrarevolutions of Consumption: Researches in the Philosophy, Sociology and Communication
Authors: Rimkus Edvardas
Published: September 2018

The Scientific Conference ‘Revolutions and Contrarevolutions of Consumption: Researches in the Philosophy, Sociology and Communication’ held at the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in 2018 is overviewed in the article. The text reflects the course of the Conference. The main thoughts of speakers are reviewed, some of them are discussed. Topics examined at the Conference are the following: the consumer class, entrepreneurship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 17th century, consumerism in the popular music, the consumption of body style in the media, alternatives of the consumerism culture, the relation between expansion of consumption and freedom, the ontology of consumption, the features of consumer behaviour of the Z generation, the consumption of sexualized images of women in the social media, the consumption of the artistical identity and other topics.
Demografía de las cooperativas en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Sala Ríos Mercè , Torres Solé Teresa , Farré Perdiguer Mariona
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo la crisis de 2008 afectó a la demografía empresarial de las cooperativas y comparar su situación con la de los años anteriores y posteriores a la misma. Para ello se acota el período de crisis y se define un período pre-crisis y uno post-crisis. El estudio avanza a través de tres campos de análisis como son la dinámica empresarial, el componente estructural y el ámbito territorial. La dinámica empresarial se estudia a través de la evolución de las tasas de entrada, salida y supervivencia. El componente estructural presenta los efectos de la crisis distinguiendo por tamaño y por clase de cooperativa. Por último, en el ámbito territorial se aplica la técnica de análisis regional Shift-Share para identificar y descomponer el crecimiento del empleo cooperativo entre el efecto regional y el efecto sectorial. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacamos los siguientes. Primero, la crisis incrementó el comportamiento pro-cíclico de las cooperativas. Segundo, fueron las medianas y grandes cooperativas las que mostraron mayor resistencia al tiempo que la antigüedad fue un garante de supervivencia pero no de preservación de empleo. Tercero, se produjo un proceso de creación de cooperativas y/o de incremento de su empleo ligado a la cobertura de necesidades y servicios de forma conjunta. Cuarto, en términos sectoriales las cifras señalan al sector industrial y al de la construcción como los más afectados por la crisis. Por último y en comparación con los años anteriores a la crisis, se detectan cambios importantes en las CCAA que presentaban ventajas de localización para las cooperativas.
Valor social de las cooperativas sociales: aplicación del modelo poliédrico en la cooperativa para la acogida de menores Zabalduz S.Coop
Authors: Etxezarreta Etxarri Enekoitz , Pérez de Mendiguren Castresana Juan Carlos , Diaz Molina Liseth , Errasti Amozarrain Anjel
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de aportar en la confección de herramientas de medición que mejor se adecúen a las particularidades propias de la Economía Social. Para ello, se aplica una metodología de medición (el modelo poliédrico) en una cooperativa de iniciativa social guipuzcoana (Zabalduz S.Coop) y se analizan los resultados obtenidos en base a su capacidad de aprehender el valor generado por dicha cooperativa en su integridad. Tras contextualizar la metodología aplicada en el marco de los enfoques de medición del valor social, el artículo pasa a relatar el proceso y los resultados de esta investigación. Se detallan y categorizan las variables identificadas por los stakeholders para Zabalduz S.Coop, y se avanza en una propuesta de medición de dichas variables. Por último se resume en una tabla el valor social consolidado en los tres niveles monetizables (valor económico con impacto social, retorno socioeconómico y valor social específico) y se recogen las variables no monetizables relacionadas con el valor emocional. Finalmente se realiza una breve discusión teórico-metodológica sobre los límites que presenta el modelo aplicado y sobre las posibles alternativas que pudieran plantearse para superarlos.
“Lugares que tienen una herida que sangra”: las geografías interiores de Fernando Valverde
Authors: Scarano Laura
Published: September 2018

Fernando Valverde (Granada, 1980) edita en 2016 el volumen Poesía (1997-2017), donde reúne su poesía completa hasta la fecha: Viento favorable (1997-2002), Razones para huir de una ciudad con frío (2004), Los ojos del pelícano (2010) y La insistencia del daño (2014). Analizamos aquí la constitución de una peculiar cartografía poética, que cumple un papel axial: conecta territorios y culturas bajo una misma matriz existencial, configurando una geografía interior basada en la apropiación subjetiva de ciudad y naturaleza. Esta conversión del “lugar” en “espacio practicado” (Michel De Certeau) se realiza aquí a través de dos dispositivos: el mapa y el viaje. Valverde pone en marcha su poesía con la metáfora del “andar”: logra la apropiación presente del espacio (natural pero sobre todo urbano) por un yo que selecciona y construye su itinerario en la confluencia de la experiencia histórica pública y privada. Espacio y sujeto son pues las dos coordenadas que abordaremos como caras de una misma moneda, entendiendo ambas como categorías con un espesor cultural y epistemológico, que refunda la ancestral figura del homo viator, dentro de un imaginario urbano globalizado, afín a lo que es ya un fenómeno de época: “el giro espacial”.
(No) seguir buscando a mamá. Performance y posmemoria en 'Campo de Mayo', de Félix Bruzzone
Authors: Peller Mariela
Published: September 2018

El artículo analiza Campo de Mayo. Una conferencia performática de Félix Bruzzone, quien es escritor e hijo de desaparecidos durante la última dictadura militar argentina. Considerando los planteos de Marianne Hirsch sobre los trabajos de posmemoria y de Diana Taylor sobre el performance, el texto reflexiona sobre los efectos y las aperturas que la obra realiza respecto de los trabajos literarios previos de Bruzzone. Se sugiere que ciertas características del performance, que se vinculan con la repetición y el encuentro con el público, le permiten a Bruzzone realizar tres operaciones: expandir una estructura de búsqueda que ya estaba presente en su literatura; trabajar sobre la elaboración de la pérdida; y generar un desplazamiento desde una posmemoria familiar hacia una afiliativa. Principalmente, en este último punto, la presencia de una imagen fotográfica de la madre desaparecida juega un papel fundamental.
Nuevas formas de expresión en la lírica reciente: el lenguaje literario y la ruptura del horizonte de expectativas
Authors: Baños Saldaña José Ángel
Published: September 2018

Debido a la idea extendida de que la poesía posmoderna se caracteriza por la preocupación lingüística y por la deconstrucción del proceso creativo, este artículo estudia cómo los poetas españoles nacidos en torno a 1980 trabajan con el lenguaje y con las convenciones del género lírico. En concreto, se centra en la desautomatización de unidades fraseológicas, en las correcciones expresas y en las referencias irónicas al proceso de escritura. Estos tres mecanismos, que albergan una visión desacralizada de la lírica, producen una ruptura de expectativas. La desautomatización de unidades fraseológicas adquiere un interés metalingüístico y metapoético porque se erige en un modo de renovación de la expresión poética en los autores nacidos en torno a 1980. Asimismo, las correcciones expresas y las referencias irónicas al proceso de escritura reclaman que la lírica no ha de poseer un esquema discursivo previo ni unas condiciones de recepción preestablecidas.
(Pa)labra[r] (en) el texto. Lector/autor en la poesía rupturista de Mario Martín Gijón
Authors: Śmiłek Ewa
Published: September 2018

La creación de los poetas españoles contemporáneos, quizá debido a la proximidad temporal, hasta ahora no se ha convertido en un objeto predilecto de investigación. El siglo XXI cambia el paradigma en la creación del ecosistema poético: se nota una floración de propuestas cada vez más individuales. Aunque la crítica postula alejarse de los estudios llevados a cabo desde el punto de vista generacional, sigue agrupando la diversidad de propuestas poéticas en tendencias o líneas estéticas. Además, si se tiene en cuenta que los pocos acercamientos críticos que se han realizado en ese campo se limitan a dar un panorama bastante extenso de la poética española de las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, se hace evidente la necesidad de una reflexión más detallada sobre la obra de estos autores. En el presente artículo nos proponemos la presentación y el análisis de una de las creaciones más singulares de la poesía rupturista, la de Mario Martín Gijón, a la luz también de sus escritos en prosa y de su comparación con otros poetas.
¿De lo bélico a lo poético? El Poetry slam y su lucha feroz en defensa de la poesía
Authors: Cullell Diana
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo pretende abrir un debate sobre las limitaciones que presupone fijar los slams poéticos como actos en los que su belicismo se subraya como el mayor aspecto definitorio y de mayor atracción para el público. Se analizarán artículos de prensa recientes y demás publicaciones para contraponerlos a un argumento en el que la posible competitividad de estos eventos poéticos se vincula a la audiencia que asiste a ellos, considerada ente esencial para el desarrollo de los slams. Todo ello se llevará a cabo con el apoyo de la escasa literatura que existe –pese a su enorme éxito– alrededor de los slams en España y de los estudios académicos sobre perfopoesía realizados en el mundo anglosajón, y se explorará el slam como actividad vinculada a la risa o a lo carnavalesco. Asimismo, el artículo pretende analizar su naturaleza de fenómeno social y literario, y explorar el impacto y las repercusiones que el gran éxito del poetry slam puede acarrear para la poesía española contemporánea.
Sobre una “poesía que se piensa en el lenguaje”. ¿Hacia una nueva vanguardia en la poesía española?
Authors: Martín Gijón Mario
Published: September 2018

En la última década puede observarse una renovación de las poéticas en España, tras un largo periodo de hegemonía de la lírica realista o figurativa. Aunque aún lejos de cuestionar el predominio a nivel editorial de la conocida como “poesía de la experiencia”, sí es evidente que el descrédito de la vanguardia va siendo superado y que, en formas múltiples y personales, alejadas de ningún movimiento grupal, muchos de los poetas jóvenes vuelven a poner en cuestión el lenguaje, cuestionamiento que suele relacionarse con un intenso tratamiento de lo corporal. Todo ello relacionado con una mayor lectura de la poesía latinoamericana y de otras tradiciones. En este artículo se pretende acercar al lector a la obra de una serie de poetas, jóvenes en su mayoría, esbozando sus rasgos más diferenciales, que pueden resumirse en esa creencia en una voz oracular del cuerpo, la disolución en una polifonía de voces, y una presencia cada vez mayor de lo político.
El verso por asalto. Poesía, desobediencia y construcción antagonista, de Alberto García Teresa (ed.)
Authors: García Linares José María
Published: September 2018

Resena de García Teresa, Alberto (2017). El verso por asalto. Poesía, desobediencia y construcción antagonista. Madrid: Tierradenadie ediciones.
Lecturas del desierto: nuevas propuestas poéticas en España
Authors: López Fernández Álvaro , Martínez Fernández Ángela , Molina Gil Raúl
Published: September 2018

Presentación monográfico
El compromiso después del compromiso. Poesía, democracia y globalización (1980-2005) (Extracto)
Authors: Iravedra Araceli
Published: September 2018

En la escena poética de fines del siglo XX, un nutrido conjunto de voces ha vueltoa interrogarse sobre el sentido del binomio literatura-compromiso, reabriendo el debate entorno a un asunto que parecía cancelado por las conquistas democráticas y la condiciónescéptica de la posmodernidad. Se trata de una serie de propuestas que, desde planteamientosestéticos a veces enfrentados, colabora en la elaboración de respuestas, o siquiera deincómodas preguntas, ante las urgencias del espacio público originadas por el nuevo escenariode la globalización, las contradicciones del capitalismo postindustrial y las presioneshomologadoras de la sociedad contemporánea. A la luz de un corpus significativo de poéticas,que postulan modos diversos de encarar las relaciones entre poesía, historia, ideología opolítica, este trabajo persigue aquilatar el significado y los matices que en la coyuntura deentresiglos ha ido tomando la noción histórico-literaria de compromiso. Una noción que, porun lado, se encarna en discursos poéticos retóricamente heterogéneos; y, por otro, acusa unavisible renovación de sus fundamentos teóricos, y de sus ideales formales y temáticos, queautoriza a hablar de un compromiso después del compromiso, al romper con algunas de susclaves más arraigadas e instaurar una quiebra con los modelos históricos más emblemáticos.
ЧУДЕСНЕ МОЋИ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Малић Славица
Published: September 2018

Зборник научних радова Комуникативни приступ настави српскогјезика Драгане Вељковић Станковић право је освјежење за на-ставну праксу која се посљедњих година, познато је, одликује свемањим проучавањем језика у основним а нарочито средњим школама.Ова књига, језички и методички путоказ, бави се савременим питањиманаставе српског језика и нуди методичке моделе који наставу чинезанимљивом и корисном а језичку свијест код ученика подстичу и дово-де до онога нивоа када она постаје израз креативне моћи. Како и самаауторка у Предговору каже, књига је настала као резултат вишегодишњеграда на актуелним питањима наставе српског језика и „настојања да семултидисциплинарна основа методичке парадигме прошири вреднимпостигнућима прагматике“ (11).
Glutathione de novo synthesis but not recycling process coordinates with glutamine catabolism to control redox homeostasis and directs murine T cell differentiation
Authors: Lian Gaojian , Gnanaprakasam JN Rashida , Wang Tingting , Wu Ruohan , Chen Xuyong , Liu Lingling , Shen Yuqing , Yang Mao , Yang Jun , Chen Ying , Vasiliou Vasilis , Cassel Teresa A , Green Douglas R , Liu Yusen , Fan Teresa WM , Wang Ruoning
Published: September 2018

Upon antigen stimulation, T lymphocytes undergo dramatic changes in metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic, biosynthetic and redox demands of proliferation and differentiation. Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in controlling redox balance and cell fate. While GSH can be recycled from Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the inhibition of this recycling pathway does not impact GSH content and murine T cell fate. By contrast, the inhibition of the de novo synthesis of GSH, by deleting either the catalytic (Gclc) or the modifier (Gclm) subunit of glutamate–cysteine ligase (Gcl), dampens intracellular GSH, increases ROS, and impact T cell differentiation. Moreover, the inhibition of GSH de novo synthesis dampened the pathological progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We further reveal that glutamine provides essential precursors for GSH biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that glutamine catabolism fuels de novo synthesis of GSH and directs the lineage choice in T cells.
Decoupled maternal and zygotic genetic effects shape the evolution of development
Authors: Zakas Christina , Deutscher Jennifer M , Kay Alex D , Rockman Matthew V
Published: September 2018

Evolutionary transitions from indirect to direct development involve changes in both maternal and zygotic genetic factors, with distinctive population-genetic implications, but empirical data on the genetics of such transitions are lacking. The polychaete Streblospio benedicti provides an opportunity to dissect a major transition in developmental mode using forward genetics. Females in this species produce either small eggs that develop into planktonic larvae or large eggs that develop into benthic juveniles. We identify large-effect loci that act maternally to influence larval size and independent, unlinked large-effect loci that act zygotically to affect discrete aspects of larval morphology. The likely fitness of zygotic alleles depends on their maternal background, creating a positive frequency-dependence that may homogenize local populations. Developmental and population genetics interact to shape larval evolution.
Intrinsic cooperativity potentiates parallel cis-regulatory evolution
Authors: Sorrells Trevor R , Johnson Amanda N , Howard Conor J , Britton Candace S , Fowler Kyle R , Feigerle Jordan T , Weil P Anthony , Johnson Alexander D
Published: September 2018

Convergent evolutionary events in independent lineages provide an opportunity to understand why evolution favors certain outcomes over others. We studied such a case where a large set of genes—those coding for the ribosomal proteins—gained cis-regulatory sequences for a particular transcription regulator (Mcm1) in independent fungal lineages. We present evidence that these gains occurred because Mcm1 shares a mechanism of transcriptional activation with an ancestral regulator of the ribosomal protein genes, Rap1. Specifically, we show that Mcm1 and Rap1 have the inherent ability to cooperatively activate transcription through contacts with the general transcription factor TFIID. Because the two regulatory proteins share a common interaction partner, the presence of one ancestral cis-regulatory sequence can ‘channel’ random mutations into functional sites for the second regulator. At a genomic scale, this type of intrinsic cooperativity can account for a pattern of parallel evolution involving the fixation of hundreds of substitutions.
Structural principles of SNARE complex recognition by the AAA+ protein NSF
Authors: White K Ian , Zhao Minglei , Choi Ucheor B , Pfuetzner Richard A , Brunger Axel T
Published: September 2018

The recycling of SNARE proteins following complex formation and membrane fusion is an essential process in eukaryotic trafficking. A highly conserved AAA+ protein, NSF (N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor) and an adaptor protein, SNAP (soluble NSF attachment protein), disassemble the SNARE complex. We report electron-cryomicroscopy structures of the complex of NSF, αSNAP, and the full-length soluble neuronal SNARE complex (composed of syntaxin-1A, synaptobrevin-2, SNAP-25A) in the presence of ATP under non-hydrolyzing conditions at ~3.9 Å resolution. These structures reveal electrostatic interactions by which two αSNAP molecules interface with a specific surface of the SNARE complex. This interaction positions the SNAREs such that the 15 N-terminal residues of SNAP-25A are loaded into the D1 ring pore of NSF via a spiral pattern of interactions between a conserved tyrosine NSF residue and SNAP-25A backbone atoms. This loading process likely precedes ATP hydrolysis. Subsequent ATP hydrolysis then drives complete disassembly.
Manejo químico de Urochloa ruziziensis consorciado com soja na savana de Roraima
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Silva , Medeiros Roberto Dantas de , Albuquerque José Anchieta Alves , Smiderle Oscar José , Alves José Maria Arcanjo , Silva Antônio Alberto da
Published: September 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o manejo químico de Urochloa ruziziensis consorciado com soja em sistema de plantio direto na savana de Roraima. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em área experimental localizada no município de Boa Vista - RR, no ano de 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro doses do herbicida glyphosate (720; 1.200; 1.680 e 2.160 g ha-1 de i.a) pulverizado antes da semeadura da soja como dessecante e cinco doses do herbicida fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (0; 38,5; 77; 115,5 e 154 g ha-1 de i.a.) pulverizado 32 dias após a emergência da cultura em pós-emergência. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Para a cultura da soja foram avaliados a altura de plantas, altura de inserção da 1a vagem, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos em kg ha-1. Para a U. ruziziensis foram avaliadas a massa de forragem fresca e seca aos 70 dias após a colheita da soja e expressa em kg ha-1. Conclui-se que, para as condições do cerrado de Roraima, apenas a aplicação do glyphosate na dose de 1.387,64 g ha-1, aplicado em pós‑emergência na cultura da soja, garante máxima produtividade de grãos (3.660,07 kg ha-1) e de massa fresca (10.136,22 kg ha-1) e seca (2.404,63 kg ha-1) de U. ruziziensis para formação de cobertura do solo para o próximo plantio, necessário para garantir a sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo.
Sistemas de manejo de plantas daninhas utilizando o novo herbicida pyroxasulfone visando ao controle químico de gramíneas em soja
Authors: Morota Felipe Kiyoshi , Matte Willian Daróz , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Biffe Denis Fernando , Franchini Luiz Henrique Morais , Constantin Jamil
Published: September 2018

Em face do crescente número de problemas de gramíneas com resistência aos herbicidas inibidores da EPSPs e da ACCase, é muito importante avaliar alternativas de manejo com herbicidas de outros mecanismos de ação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar sistemas de manejo contendo o novo herbicida pyroxasulfone visando ao controle de capim-pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica) e capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) e a seletividade para a cultura em aplicações antecedendo a semeadura da soja. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com onze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Todos os tratamentos com herbicidas residuais foram aplicados na segunda dessecação, sete dias antes da semeadura da soja. Cada sistema de manejo contou com duas dessecações sequenciais e uma aplicação em pós-emergência da soja. O melhor controle inicial (até 28 dias após a semeadura) de capim-pé-de-galinha foi observado nos tratamentos contendo pyroxasulfone, embora após a terceira aplicação de herbicidas todos os tratamentos tenham proporcionado excelente controle. No caso de capim-amargoso, a terceira aplicação em pós-emergência da cultura não resultou em nenhum incremento de controle e os melhores resultados foram obtidos com tratamentos que continham herbicidas residuais utilizados na segunda aplicação de dessecação, exceto com chlorimuron-ethyl. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de pyroxasulfone associado a outros herbicidas com atividade residual é uma ótima opção para controle simultâneo de capim-pé-de-galinha e de capim-amargoso, sendo tais tratamentos seletivos para a cultura da soja.
Eficácia de herbicidas isolados ou em mistura no controle da planta exótica invasora Urochloa subquadripara
Authors: Chiarotti Luan Fernando , Pereira Pâmela Castro , Scannavino Ricardo Henrique da Cruz Poliseli , Castro Klara Silva , Cerveira Junior Wilson Roberto , Cruz Claudinei Da
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas glyphosate, saflufenacil, imazamox, imazapyr e penoxsulam, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Urochloa subquadripara. Para tanto, em casa de vegetação, cinco ponteiros das plantas foram transplantados em caixas de 2,5 litros contento 5 cm de solo, areia grossa lavada e composto orgânico (na proporção 1:1:1). Após 30 dias, foi realizada a aplicação dos herbicidas com pulverizador costal à pressão constante de 25 psi mantida por CO2, com consumo de calda equivalentes a 200 L ha-1. As avaliações foram efetuadas por meio de notas de eficácia aos 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os herbicidas glyphosate e imazamox, isolados, apresentaram excelente controle (100%) de U. subquadripara, enquanto que, o imazapyr e o penoxsulam (48 g ha-1) apresentaram controle satisfatório com 80 a 85% de eficácia de controle. Os herbicidas glyphosate, imazamox e imazapyr (isolados e em mistura), o saflufenacil + glyphosate (mistura) e o penoxsulam + glyphosate (mistura) podem ser empregados em programas de manejo desta planta aquática invasora.
In silico identification and biochemical characterization of the human dicarboxylate clamp TPR protein interaction network
Authors: Bernadotte Alexandra , Kumar Rajnish , Winblad Bengt , Pavlov Pavel F.
Published: September 2018

Dicarboxylate clamp tetratricopeptide repeat (dcTPR) motif‐containing proteins are well‐known partners of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp90 molecular chaperones. Together, they facilitate a variety of intracellular processes, including protein folding and maturation, protein targeting, and protein degradation. An extreme C‐terminal sequence, the EEVD motif, is identical in Hsp70 and Hsp90, and is indispensable for their interaction with dcTPR proteins. However, almost no information is available on the existence of other potential dcTPR‐interacting proteins. We searched the human protein database for proteins with C‐terminal sequences similar to that of Hsp70/Hsp90 to identify potential partners of dcTPR proteins. The search identified 112 proteins containing a Hsp70/Hsp90‐like signature at their C termini. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of identified proteins revealed enrichment of distinct protein classes, such as molecular chaperones and proteins of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, highlighting the possibility of functional specialization of proteins containing a Hsp70/Hsp90‐like signature. We confirmed interactions of selected proteins containing Hsp70/Hsp90‐like C termini with dcTPR proteins both in vitro and in situ. Analysis of interactions of 10‐amino‐acid peptides corresponding to the C termini of identified proteins with dcTPR proteins revealed significant differences in binding strength between various peptides. We propose a hierarchical mode of interaction within the dcTPR protein network. These findings describe a novel dcTPR protein interaction networks and provide a rationale for selective regulation of protein–protein interactions within this network.
Thermal Analysis of the Formation and Dissolution of Cr‐Rich Carbides in Al‐Alloyed Stainless Steels
Authors: Rahimi Reza , Volkova Olena , Biermann Horst , Mola Javad
Published: September 2018

The formation and dissolution of the Cr‐rich M7C3 and M23C6 carbides in an Al‐alloyed Fe–17Cr–9Ni–6Mn–4Al–0.42C (mass%) austenitic stainless steel are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and correlative scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐based examinations. The formation of M23C6 during DSC heating at a rate of 50 K min−1 results in the occurrence of a weak exothermic peak. This peak is followed by two endothermic peaks appearing at higher temperatures in the solid state. The peaks in the approximate temperature ranges 1140–1230 °C and 1290–1315 °C are attributed to the dissolution of M23C6 and M7C3 carbides, respectively. DSC measurements are also conducted for compositional modifications of the reference alloy. The course of precipitation and dissolution reactions remains unchanged by the removal of Al from the chemical composition. Furthermore, an alloy containing lower Cr and C concentrations compared to the reference alloy do not exhibit the endothermic peak due to the dissolution of M7C3 carbides, indicating its absence in the microstructure.
The Horizon of the Emulsion Particulate Strategy: Engineering Hollow Particles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xia Yufei , Na Xiangming , Wu Jie , Ma Guanghui
Published: September 2018

With their hierarchical structures and the substantial surface areas, hollow particles have gained immense research interest in biomedical applications. For scalable fabrications, emulsion‐based approaches have emerged as facile and versatile strategies. Here, the recent achievements in this field are unfolded via an “emulsion particulate strategy,” which addresses the inherent relationship between the process control and the bioactive structures. As such, the interior architectures are manipulated by harnessing the intermediate state during the emulsion revolution (intrinsic strategy), whereas the external structures are dictated by tailoring the building blocks and solidification procedures of the Pickering emulsion (extrinsic strategy). Through integration of the intrinsic and extrinsic emulsion particulate strategy, multifunctional hollow particles demonstrate marked momentum for label‐free multiplex detections, stimuli‐responsive therapies, and stem cell therapies.
A Wide‐Range Photosensitive Weyl Semimetal Single Crystal—TaAs
Authors: Chi Shumeng , Li Zhilin , Xie Ying , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Zeyan , Li Lei , Yu Haohai , Wang Gang , Weng Hongming , Zhang Huaijin , Wang Jiyang
Published: September 2018

Mid‐ and even long‐infrared photodetection is highly desired for various modern optoelectronic devices, and photodetectors that operate at room temperature (RT) remain challenging and are being extensively sought. Recently, the Weyl semimetal has attracted much interest, and its Lorentz invariance can be broken to have tilted chiral Weyl cones around the Fermi level, which indicates that the photocurrent can be generated by the incident photons at arbitrarily long wavelengths. Furthermore, the atypical linear dispersion bands in Weyl cones result in high carrier mobility and quadratic energy dependence of the density of states, which can enhance the efficiency of the photocurrent and suppress thermal carriers, in addition to its favorable large absorption coefficient. In this study, a Weyl semimetal TaAs photodetecting prototype is reported, which operates at RT with an outstanding response that ranges from the visible to the long‐infrared range. This study indicates that the Weyl semimetal TaAs should boost the development of modern optoelectronics and photonics.
Recent Advances in Subcellular Targeted Cancer Therapy Based on Functional Materials
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hai , Luo Guo‐Feng , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: September 2018

Recently, diverse functional materials that take subcellular structures as therapeutic targets are playing increasingly important roles in cancer therapy. Here, particular emphasis is placed on four kinds of therapies, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and hyperthermal therapy, which are the most widely used approaches for killing cancer cells by the specific destruction of subcellular organelles. Moreover, some non‐drug‐loaded nanoformulations (i.e., metal nanoparticles and molecular self‐assemblies) with a fatal effect on cells by influencing the subcellular functions without the use of any drug molecules are also included. According to the basic principles and unique performances of each treatment, appropriate strategies are developed to meet task‐specific applications by integrating specific materials, ligands, as well as methods. In addition, the combination of two or more therapies based on multifunctional nanostructures, which either directly target specific subcellular organelles or release organelle‐targeted therapeutics, is also introduced with the intent of superadditive therapeutic effects. Finally, the related challenges of critical re‐evaluation of this emerging field are presented.
The Marriage of the FeN4 Moiety and MXene Boosts Oxygen Reduction Catalysis: Fe 3d Electron Delocalization Matters
Authors: Li Zilan , Zhuang Zechao , Lv Fan , Zhu Han , Zhou Liang , Luo Mingchuan , Zhu Jiexin , Lang Zhiquan , Feng Shihao , Chen Wei , Mai Liqiang , Guo Shaojun
Published: September 2018

Iron–nitrogen–carbon (Fe–N–C) is hitherto considered as one of the most satisfactory alternatives to platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Major efforts currently are devoted to the identification and maximization of carbon‐enclosed FeN4 moieties, which act as catalytically active centers. However, fine‐tuning of their intrinsic ORR activity remains a huge challenge. Herein, a twofold activity improvement of pristine Fe–N–C through introducing Ti3C2Tx MXene as a support is realized. A series of spectroscopy and magnetic measurements reveal that the marriage of FeN4 moiety and MXene can induce remarkable Fe 3d electron delocalization and spin‐state transition of Fe(II) ions. The lower local electron density and higher spin state of the Fe(II) centers greatly favor the Fe electron transfer, and lead to an easier oxygen adsorption and reduction on active FeN4 sites, and thus an enhanced ORR activity. The optimized catalyst shows a two‐ and fivefold higher specific ORR activity than those of pristine catalyst and Pt/C, respectively, even exceeding most Fe–N–C catalysts ever reported. This work opens up a new pathway in the rational design of Fe–N–C catalysts, and reflects the critical influence of Fe 3d electron states in FeN4 moiety supported on MXene in ORR catalysis.
X‐Ray‐Controlled Generation of Peroxynitrite Based on Nanosized LiLuF4:Ce3+ Scintillators and their Applications for Radiosensitization
Authors: Du Zhen , Zhang Xiao , Guo Zhao , Xie Jiani , Dong Xinghua , Zhu Shuang , Du Jiangfeng , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang
Published: September 2018

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), the reaction product derived from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2−•), is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent that modulates complex biological processes and promotes cell death. Therefore, it can be expected that the overproduction of ONOO− in tumors can be an efficient approach in cancer therapy. Herein, a multifunctional X‐ray‐controlled ONOO− generation platform based on scintillating nanoparticles (SCNPs) and UV‐responsive NO donors Roussin's black salt is reported, and consequently the mechanism of their application in enhanced therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy is illustrated. Attributed to the radioluminescence and high X‐ray‐absorbing property of SCNPs, the nanocomposite can produce NO and O2−• simultaneously when excited by X‐ray irradiation. Such simultaneous release of NO and O2−• ensures the efficient X‐ray‐controlled generation of ONOO− in tumors. Meanwhile, the application of X‐rays as the excitation source can achieve better penetration depth and induce radiotherapy in this nanotherapeutic platform. It is found that the X‐ray‐controlled ONOO−‐generation platform can efficiently improve the radiotherapy efficiency via directly damaging DNA, downregulating the expression of the DNA‐repair enzyme, and overcoming the hypoxia‐associated resistance in radiotherapy. Therefore, this SCNP‐based platform may provide a new combinatorial strategy of ONOO− and radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment.
Construction of Porous Aromatic Frameworks with Exceptional Porosity via Building Unit Engineering
Authors: Li Meiping , Ren Hao , Sun Fuxing , Tian Yuyang , Zhu Youliang , Li Jialu , Mu Xin , Xu Jun , Deng Feng , Zhu Guangshan
Published: September 2018

The construction of excellent porous organic frameworks (POFs) with high surface areas and stability is always a tremendous challenge in synthetic chemistry. The geometric configuration and reactive group of building unit are crucial factors to influence the structure and porosity of the resulting product. Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of two porous aromatic framework (PAF) materials, named PAF‐100 and PAF‐101, are reported via a strategy of building unit engineering. PAF‐100 and PAF‐101 present high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas exceeding 5000 m2 g−1 and uniform pore size distributions. Furthermore, PAF‐100 and PAF‐101 show high methane uptake with value of 742 and 622 cm3 g−1, respectively, at 298 K and 70 bar. The successful synthesis of PAFs with exceptional porosity from engineered building unit is powerful for constructing highly porous POFs.
Thermally Induced 2D Alloy‐Heterostructure Transformation in Quaternary Alloys
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Hachtel Jordan A. , Yang Xiting , Kutana Alex , Apte Amey , Jin Zehua , Vajtai Robert , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Lou Jun , Yakobson Boris I. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: September 2018

Composition and phase specific 2D transition metal dichalogenides (2D TMDs) with a controlled electronic and chemical structure are essential for future electronics. While alloying allows bandgap tunability, heterostructure formation creates atomically sharp electronic junctions. Herein, the formation of lateral heterostructures from quaternary 2D TMD alloys, by thermal annealing, is demonstrated. Phase separation is observed through photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy, and the sharp interface of the lateral heterostructure is examined via scanning transmission electron microscopy. The composition‐dependent transformation is caused by existence of miscibility gap in the quaternary alloys. The phase diagram displaying the miscibility gap is obtained from the reciprocal solution model based on density functional theory and verified experimentally. The experiments show direct evidence of composition‐driven heterostructure formation in 2D atomic layer systems.
Roll‐to‐Roll Dyed Conducting Silk Yarns: A Versatile Material for E‐Textile Devices
Authors: Lund Anja , Darabi Sozan , Hultmark Sandra , Ryan Jason D. , Andersson Barbro , Ström Anna , Müller Christian
Published: September 2018

Textiles are a promising base material for flexible and wearable electronic applications such as sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. An essential component in such electronic textiles (e‐textiles) is electrically conducting yarns. Here, a continuous dyeing process is presented to convert an off‐the‐shelf silk sewing thread into a wash and wear resistant functional thread with a conductivity of about 70 S cm−1; a record high value for coated yarns. An aqueous ink based on the conducting polymer:polyelectrolyte complex poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is modified, to produce more than 100 m of dyed conducting threads, which are subsequently converted into e‐textiles by both hand weaving and machine embroidery. The yarns are resistant to abrasion and wear, and can be machine washed at least 15 times with retained electronic properties. The woven fabric is used to design a capacitive touch sensor which functions as an e‐textile keyboard.
A Bayesian Approach to Predict Solubility Parameters
Authors: Sanchez‐Lengeling Benjamin , Roch Loïc M. , Perea José Darío , Langner Stefan , Brabec Christoph J. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán
Published: September 2018

Solubility is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many aspects of material science. While solubility can be determined by considering the cohesive forces in a liquid via the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), quantitative structure–property relationship models are often used for prediction, notably due to their low computational cost. Here, gpHSP, an interpretable and versatile probabilistic approach to determining HSP, is reported. Our model is based on Gaussian processes, a Bayesian machine learning approach that provides uncertainty bounds to prediction. gpHSP achieves its flexibility by leveraging a variety of input data, such as SMILES strings, COSMOtherm simulations, and quantum chemistry calculations. gpHSP is built on experimentally determined HSP, including a general solvents set aggregated from the literature, and a polymer set experimentally characterized by this group of authors. In all sets, a high degree of agreement is obtained, surpassing well‐established machine learning methods. The general applicability of gpHSP to miscibility of organic semiconductors, drug compounds, and in general solvents is demonstrated, which can be further extended to other domains. gpHSP is a fast and accurate toolbox, which could be applied to molecular design for solution processing technologies.
Balance Between Light Absorption and Recombination Losses in Solution‐Processed Small Molecule Solar Cells with Normal or Inverted Structures
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Lee Hang Ken , Proctor Christopher M. , Ford Michael , Liu Xiaofeng , Burgers Mark A. , Lee Jaechol , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: September 2018

Comparison of the photovoltaic properties of F3:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells (where F3 is a donor molecule of intermediate dimensions) with normal and inverted structures as a function of photoactive layer thickness is carried out by using optical modeling and light‐dependent photoelectrical characterization. The larger short circuit current of inverted devices can be explained by higher light absorption in the active layer, relative to normal devices. However, worse charge extraction conditions and trap‐assisted recombination, in the bulk heterojunction blend in inverted devices, give rise to larger nongeminate recombination losses and an opposite thickness dependence of the short circuit current and fill factor than what is observed in counterparts with the conventional device architecture.
Flexible 3D Interlocking Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cha Hyungyeon , Lee Yoonji , Kim Junhyeok , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil
Published: September 2018

Highly deformable and advanced flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are considered to be a promising power source for flexible electronics. However, despite tremendous efforts to achieve flexibility, battery performance still lags behind the commercial standards. Here, a flexible 3D interlocking LIB via a one‐step patterning process of a preassembled cell under industrial electrode fabrication conditions, to satisfy commercial viability, is demonstrated. The 3D interlocking full‐cell with a high electrode loading level demonstrates excellent cycle performance without any degradation during the 5000 times flexing process. The tightly connected cathode and anode increase the contact area and prevent the current issues of flexible batteries such as delamination, electrode cracking, and lithium plating. This study on flexible batteries therefore suggests the 3D interlocked architecture lends itself to the design of highly deformable energy storage devices.
Extending the Service Life of High‐Ni Layered Oxides by Tuning the Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Li Jianyu , Li Wangda , You Ya , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: September 2018

As a high‐energy‐density cathode for Li‐ion batteries, high‐Ni layered oxides, especially with ultrahigh Ni‐content, suffer from short lifespans, due in part to their unstable electrode–electrolyte interphase (EEI). Herein, the cycle life of LiNi0.94Co0.06O2 is greatly extended by manipulating the EEI with a lithium bis(oxalate) (LiBOB) additive even when operated at a moderately high voltage (4.4 V vs Li/Li+). Impressively, the capacity retention can be increased from 61 to 80% after 500 cycles in a full cell paired with a graphite anode. Additionally, the presence of LiBOB enables a robust boron‐ and oxygen‐enriched EEI that effectively inhibits continual electrolyte decomposition and offers a stable cathode surface. Moreover, the layered architecture of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) and the anode–electrolyte interphase (AEI) at the nanometer scale is revealed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that the cathode surface chemistry can significantly influence the AEI both chemically and physically, and AEI is modified from a thick “three‐layer” to a thin “two‐layer” architecture by tuning the cathode surface chemistry with LiBOB. This work presents a correlation between the EEI characteristics and battery performance and highlights the significance of manipulating surface chemistry in developing stable high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries.
Entropy Engineering of SnTe: Multi‐Principal‐Element Alloying Leading to Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and State‐of‐the‐Art Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Hu Lipeng , Zhang Yang , Wu Haijun , Li Junqin , Li Yu , Mckenna Myles , He Jian , Liu Fusheng , Pennycook Stephen John , Zeng Xierong
Published: September 2018

The core effects of high entropy alloys distinguish high entropy alloying from ordinary multielement doping, allowing for a synergy of band structure and microstructure engineering. Here, a systematic synthesis, structural, theoretical, and thermoelectric study of multi‐principal‐element‐alloyed SnTe is reported. Toward high thermoelectric performance, the entropy of mixing needs to be high enough to make good use of the core effects, yet low enough to minimize the degradation of carrier mobility. It is demonstrated that high entropy of mixing extends the solubility limit of Mn while retaining the lattice symmetry, the enhanced Mn content elicits multiscale microstructures. The resulting ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.32 W m−1 K−1 at 900 K in (Sn0.7Ge0.2Pb0.1)0.75Mn0.275Te is not only lower than the amorphous limit of SnTe but also comparable to those thermoelectric materials with complex crystal structures and strong anharmonicity. Co‐alloying of (Sn,Ge,Pb,Mn) also enhances band convergence and band effective mass, yielding good power factors. Further tuning of the Sn excess yields a state‐of‐the‐art zT ≈1.42 at 900 K in (Sn0.74Ge0.2Pb0.1)0.75Mn0.275Te. In view of the simple face‐centered‐cubic structure of SnTe‐based alloys, these results attest to the efficacy of entropy engineering toward a new paradigm of high entropy thermoelecrics.
Epidemic cycles and environmental pressure in colonial Quebec
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Gailey Samantha , Hallman Stacey , Amorevieta‐Gentil Marilyn , Dillon Lisa , Gagnon Alain
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Research on historical populations in Europe finds that infectious disease epidemics appear to induce predictable cycles in age‐specific mortality. We know little, however, about whether such cycles also occurred in less dense founder populations of North America. We used high‐quality data on the Quebecois population from 1680 to 1798 to examine the extent to which age‐specific mortality showed predictable epidemic cycles. We further examined whether environmental pressures—temperature, lack of precipitation, or crop failure—may have set the stage for the emergence of epidemics.

Methods

We applied autoregressive, integrated, moving average time series methods to annual counts of period mortality for the following age groups: < 1 year, 1 to < 5 years, 5 to < 15 years, 15 to < 50 years, and 50 years and above. These methods controlled for other patterns (e.g., trend) before empirically identifying cycles.

Results

Results indicate a strong seven‐year cycle in mortality among infants and children under seven years of age. Warm temperatures (across Quebec overall) and relatively dry years (in Eastern Quebec) also predicted an increased risk of mortality in infancy and childhood, although these environmental variables appear to act independently of the epidemic cycle pattern.

Discussion

Findings indicate a strong seven‐year epidemic cycle in historical Quebec which afflicted naïve birth cohorts not previously exposed to the prior epidemic. We contend that smallpox epidemics likely contributed to this cycle. The seven‐year cycle occurred only in the latter half of the test period (post 1740) with increasing size of the colony and population concentration in urban areas.