bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Socioeconomic Position in the Association Between Mental Disorders and Mortality
Authors: Chen Danni , Ejlskov Linda , Laustsen Lisbeth Mølgaard , Weye Nanna , Sørensen Christine Leonhard Birk , Momen Natalie C. , Dreier Julie Werenberg , Zheng Yan , Damgaard Astrid Jensen , McGrath John J. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
Published: November 2023

Importance

Studies are lacking summarizing how the association between mental disorders and mortality varies by socioeconomic position (SEP), particularly considering different aspects of SEP, specific types of mental disorders, and causes of death.

Objective

To investigate the role of SEP in the association between mental disorders and mortality and the association between SEP and mortality among people with mental disorders.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 1980, through April 3, 2023, and a snowball search of reference and citation lists was conducted.

Study Selection

Inclusion criteria were observational studies estimating the associations between different types of mental disorders and mortality, stratified by SEP and between SEP and mortality in people with mental disorders.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data using a predefined data extraction form and assessed the risk of bias using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Graphical analyses of the dose-response associations and random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was explored through meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results

Of 28 274 articles screened, 71 including more than 4 million people with mental disorders met the inclusion criteria (most of which were conducted in high-income countries). The relative associations between mental disorders and mortality were similar across SEP levels. Among people with mental disorders, belonging to the highest rather than the lowest SEP group was associated with lower all-cause mortality (pooled relative risk [RR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.86) and mortality from natural causes (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-0.85) and higher mortality from external causes (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99-1.41). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 83% to 99%). Results from subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were consistent with those from the main analyses. Evidence on absolute scales, specific diagnoses, and specific causes of death was scarce.

Conclusion and Relevance

This study did not find a sufficient body of evidence that SEP moderated the relative association between mental disorders and mortality, but the underlying mortality rates may differ by SEP group, despite having scarcely been reported. This information gap, together with our findings related to SEP and a possible differential risk between natural and external causes of death in individuals with specific types of mental disorders, warrants further research.
Diagnosis of piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display exhibit in north-central Florida, USA
Authors: Sheehy Amanda , Shahin Khalid , Camus Alvin , Francis-Floyd Ruth , Yanong Roy , Fogelson Susan , Soto Esteban
Published: November 2023

Objective

The Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides is an important freshwater fish that is native to the southeastern United States and is cultured for conservation, food, and for the sports fishing industry. Francisella orientalis is a globally distributed bacterial pathogen of warmwater fish species and is associated with granulomatous inflammation and high mortalities. Outbreaks of piscine francisellosis in the United States have been reported in only a few fish species. This study describes three case presentations of francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display system in north-central Florida. Additionally, laboratory-controlled immersion challenges using an F. orientalis isolate from tilapia Oreochromis spp. evaluate susceptibility of Largemouth Bass fingerlings to F. orientalis infection and mortality through this exposure route.

Methods

Necropsy, histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, bacterial recovery and culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used as diagnostic tools to evaluate both the affected display fish and the immersion-challenged fingerlings.

Result

Although the display fish and immersion-challenged fingerlings presented with nonspecific clinical signs, gross and histological changes were indicative of granulomatous disease. Immunohistochemical and molecular testing methods confirmed F. orientalis infection in affected fish.

Conclusion

The three case presentations described here mark the first reporting of naturally occurring piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass that were held in a public display exhibit. Additionally, causality was proven in the Largemouth Bass fingerlings through the immersion challenges. These findings demonstrate susceptibility through immersion-based exposure and assert that francisellosis should be considered among the list of differential diagnoses for Largemouth Bass with granulomatous disease.
Lattice‐Matched Interfacial Modulation Based on Olivine Enamel‐Like Front‐Face Fabrication for High‐Voltage LiCoO2
Authors: Yan Yawen , Zhou Shiyuan , Zheng Yichun , Zhang Haitang , Chen Jianken , Zeng Guifan , Zhang Baodan , Tang Yonglin , Zheng Qizheng , Wang Changhao , Wang Chuan‐Wei , Liao Hong‐Gang , Manke Ingo , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Dong Kang , Sun Yang , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: November 2023

The high‐voltage induced undesirable surface passivation bilayer (cathode/electrolyte interface and cation‐densified surface phase) of LiCoO2 inevitably leads to battery degradation. Herein, a continual/uniform enamel‐like olivine layer on LiCoO2 surface is fabricated by employing a high‐speed mechanical fusion method . The enamel‐like layer suppresses interfacial side reactions by tuning EC dehydrogenation, contributing to an ultrathin and stable cathode/electrolyte interface. The strong bonding affinity between LiCoO2 and enamel‐like layer restrains both lattice oxygen loss and associated layered‐to‐spinel structural distortion. Moreover, the thermal stability of highly delithiated LiCoO2 is improved, as both the onset temperatures of layered‐to‐spinel transition and O2 evolution are simultaneously postponed. Stable operation of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V high‐voltage and 55 °C elevated temperature (both >85% capacity retention after 200 cycles) is achieved. This facile and scalable high‐speed solid‐phase coating strategy establishes a technical paradigm to enhance surface/interface stability of high‐energy‐density cathode candidates by constructing an ideal enamel‐like surface layer.
Building a Better Silver Bullet: Current Status and Perspectives of Non‐Viral Vectors for mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Gu Jiayu , Xu Zhourui , Liu Qiqi , Tang Shiqi , Zhang Wenguang , Xie Shouxia , Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Jiajie , Yong Ken‐Tye , Yang Chengbin , Xu Gaixia
Published: November 2023

In recent years, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have exhibited great potential to replace conventional vaccines owing to their low risk of insertional mutagenesis, safety and efficacy, rapid and scalable production, and low‐cost manufacturing. With the great achievements of chemical modification and sequence optimization methods of mRNA, the key to the success of mRNA vaccines is strictly dependent on safe and efficient gene vectors. Among various delivery platforms, non‐viral mRNA vectors could represent perfect choices for future clinical translation regarding their safety, sufficient packaging capability, low immunogenicity, and versatility. In this review, the recent progress in the development of non‐viral mRNA vectors is focused on. Various organic vectors including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymers, peptides, and exosomes for efficient mRNA delivery are presented and summarized. Furthermore, the latest advances in clinical trials of mRNA vaccines are described. Finally, the current challenges and future possibilities for the clinical translation of these promising mRNA vectors are also discussed.
Hole Transport Layer‐Free Low‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient All‐Perovskite Tandems
Authors: Ma Tianshu , Wang Huayang , Wu Zhanghao , Zhao Yue , Chen Cong , Yin Xinxing , Hu Lin , Yao Fang , Lin Qianqian , Wang Shaojun , Zhao Dewei , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Changlei
Published: November 2023

Low‐bandgap (LBG, Eg ≈1.25 eV) tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play critical roles in constructing efficient all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) that can surpass the efficiency limit of single‐junction solar cells. However, the traditional poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer (HTL) in LBG PSCs usually restricts device efficiency and stability. Here, a strategy of employing 2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid (i.e., taurine) as the interface bridge to fabricate efficient HTL‐free LBG PSCs with improved optoelectronic properties of the perovskite absorbers at the buried contacts is reported. Taurine‐modified ITO substrate has lower optical losses, better energy level alignment, and higher charge transfer capability than PEDOT:PSS HTL, leading to significantly improved open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current density of corresponding devices. The best‐performing LBG PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.50% and an impressive VOC of 0.911 V is realized, enabling all‐perovskite TSCs with an efficiency of 26.03%. The taurine‐based HTL‐free TSCs have highly increased stability, retaining more than 90% and 80% of their initial PCEs after constant operation under 1‐sun illumination for 600 h and under 55 °C thermal stress for 950 h, respectively. This work provides a facile strategy for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite devices with a simplified HTL‐free architecture.
Wide‐Range Angle‐Sensitive Plasmonic Color Printing on Lossy‐Resonator Substrates
Authors: Chowdhury Sarah N. , Simon Jeffrey , Nowak Michał P. , Pagadala Karthik , Nyga Piotr , Fruhling Colton , Bravo Esteban Garcia , Maćkowski Sebastian , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: November 2023

A sustainable, lithography‐free process is demonstrated for generating non fading plasmonic colors with a prototype device that produces a wide range of vivid colors in red, green, and blue (RGB) ([0‐1], [0‐1], [0‐1]) color space from violet (0.7, 0.72, 1) to blue (0.31, 0.80, 1) and from green (0.84, 1, 0.58) to orange (1, 0.58, 0.46). The proposed color‐printing device architecture integrates a semi‐transparent random metal film (RMF) with a metal back mirror to create a lossy asymmetric Fabry‐Pérot resonator. This device geometry allows for advanced control of the observed color through the five‐degree multiplexing (Red‐Green‐Blue (RGB) color space, angle, and polarization sensitivity). An extended color palette is then obtained through photomodification process and localized heating of the RMF layer under various femtosecond laser illumination conditions at the wavelengths of 400 nm and 800 nm. Colorful design samples with total areas up to 10 mm2and 100 µm resolution are printed on 300‐nm‐thick films to demonstrate macroscopic personalized high‐resolution color generation. The proposed printing approach can be extended to other applications including laser marking, anti‐counterfeiting, and chromo‐encryption.
Exploring the Elusive Mind: A Multimodal Wearable Sensor Solution for Measuring Mind Wandering in University Students
Authors: Khosravi Sara , Li Haobo , Khan Ahsan Raza , Zoha Ahmad , Ghannam Rami
Published: November 2023

Mind‐wandering is a typical daily phenomenon during which attention shifts from external stimuli to internal trains of thought. It affect students' learning by impairing comprehension, diminishing academic achievement, impeding critical thinking, and encouraging a lack of attention and engagement in classroom activities. This study aims to introduce a new method of detecting and tracking mind wandering in university students. This approach involves using wearable sensors, including galvanic skin response (GSR), photoplethysmography (PPG), and eye‐trackers, along with machine learning techniques. The study provides a proof of concept for this multisensory approach. The association between longer fixation duration and mind wandering, and the influence of an instructor's presence on fixation allocation, and, consequently, the frequency and occurrence of mind wandering is investigated. Furthermore, the feasibility of using eye‐trackers in conjunction with GSR and PPG sensors for detecting mind wandering through a wearable multisensory data collection system is assessed. The wearable multisensory device is evaluated by ten participants (university students, males/females aged between 21‐30). Two distinct machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), are used as classification models. With sensor fusion, the SVM and GRU models yielded maximum accuracies of 86.53% and 89.86%, respectively. Moreover, participants are observed to fixate on instructors more often, just before instances of mind wandering.
Hematopoietic Transcription Factor RUNX1 is Essential for Promoting Macrophage–Myofibroblast Transition in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Philip Chiu‐Tsun , Chan Max Kam‐Kwan , Chung Jeff Yat‐Fai , Chan Alex Siu‐Wing , Zhang Dongmei , Li Chunjie , Leung Kam‐Tong , Ng Calvin Sze‐Hang , Wu Yi , To Ka‐Fai , Lan Hui‐Yao , Tang Patrick Ming‐Kuen
Published: November 2023

Macrophage‐myofibroblast transition (MMT) is a newly discovered pathway for mass production of pro‐tumoral cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in a TGF‐β1/Smad3 dependent manner. Better understanding its regulatory signaling in tumor microenvironment (TME) may identify druggable target for the development of precision medicine. Here, by dissecting the transcriptome dynamics of tumor‐associated macrophage at single‐cell resolution, a crucial role of a hematopoietic transcription factor Runx1 in MMT formation is revealed. Surprisingly, integrative bioinformatic analysis uncovers Runx1 as a key regulator in the downstream of MMT‐specific TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling. Stromal Runx1 level positively correlates with the MMT‐derived CAF abundance and mortality in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, macrophage‐specific Runx1 promotes the transcription of genes related to CAF signatures in MMT cells at genomic level. Importantly, macrophage‐specific genetic deletion and systemic pharmacological inhibition of TGF‐β1/Smad3/Runx1 signaling effectively prevent MMT‐driven CAF and tumor formation in vitro and in vivo, representing a potential therapeutic target for clinical NSCLC.
Progress, Challenge, and Prospect of LiMnO2: An Adventure toward High‐Energy and Low‐Cost Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Jin , Liu Tingting , Ma Jie , Zhang Chi , Yang Jinhu
Published: November 2023

Lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and available resources. Layered LiMnO2 with orthorhombic or monoclinic structure has attracted tremendous interest thanks to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (285 mAh g−1) that almost doubles that of commercialized spinel LiMn2O4 (148 mAh g−1). However, LiMnO2 undergoes phase transition to spinel upon cycling cause by the Jahn‐Teller effect of the high‐spin Mn3+. In addition, soluble Mn2+ generates from the disproportionation of Mn3+ and oxygen release during electrochemical processes may cause poor cycle performance. To address the critical issues, tremendous efforts have been made. This paper provides a general review of layered LiMnO2 materials including their crystal structures, synthesis methods, structural/elemental modifications, and electrochemical performance. In brief, first the crystal structures of LiMnO2 and synthetic methods have been summarized. Subsequently, modification strategies for improving electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed, including element doping to suppress its phase transition, surface coating to resist manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and impede surface reactions, designing LiMnO2 composites to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion, and finding compatible electrolytes to enhance safety. At last, future efforts on the research frontier and practical application of LiMnO2 have been discussed.
MXene‐Integrated Perylene Anode with Ultra‐Stable and Fast Ammonium‐Ion Storage for Aqueous Micro Batteries
Authors: Niu Ke , Shi Junjie , Zhang Long , Yue Yang , Mo Shuyi , Li Shaofei , Li Wenbiao , Wen Li , Hou Yixin , Sun Li , Yan Shuwen , Long Fei , Gao Yihua
Published: November 2023

The aqueous micro batteries (AMBs) are expected to be one of the most promising micro energy storage devices for its safe operation and cost‐effectiveness. However, the performance of the AMBs is not satisfactory, which is attributed to strong interaction between metal ions and the electrode materials. Here, the first AMBs are developed with NH4+ as charge carrier. More importantly, to solve the low conductivity and the dissolution during the NH4+ intercalation/extraction problem of perylene material represented by perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), the Ti3C2Tx MXene with high conductivity and polar surface terminals is introduced as a conductive skeleton (PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene). Benefitting from this, the PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes exhibit ultra‐high cycle life and rate capability (74.31% after 10 000 galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD) cycles, and 91.67 mAh g−1 at 15.0 A g−1, i.e., capacity retention of 45.2% for a 30‐fold increase in current density). More significantly, the AMBs with NH4+ as charge carrier and PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene anode provide excellent energy density and power density, cycle life, and flexibility. This work will provide strategy for the development of NH4+ storage materials and the design of AMBs.
Analysis of a Cu‐Doped Metal–Organic Framework, MFM‐520(Zn1‐xCux), for NO2 Adsorption
Authors: Wang Zi , Sheveleva Alena M. , Li Jiangnan , Zhou Zhengyang , Sapchenko Sergei , Whitehead George , Warren Mark R. , Collison David , Sun Junliang , Schröder Martin , McInnes Eric J. L. , Yang Sihai , Tuna Floriana
Published: November 2023

MFM‐520(Zn) confines dimers of NO2 with a high adsorption of 4.52 mmol g−1 at 1 bar at 298 K. The synthesis and the incommensurate structure of Cu‐doped MFM‐520(Zn) are reported. The introduction of paramagnetic Cu2+ sites allows investigation of the electronic and geometric structure of metal site by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy upon adsorption of NO2. By combining continuous wave and electron‐nuclear double resonance spectroscopy, an unusual reverse Berry distorted coordination geometry of the Cu2+ centers is observed. Interestingly, Cu‐doped MFM‐520(Zn0.95Cu0.05) shows enhanced adsorption of NO2 of 5.02 mmol g−1 at 1 bar at 298 K. Whereas MFM‐520(Zn) confines adsorbed NO2 as N2O4, the presence of monomeric NO2 at low temperature suggests that doping with Cu2+ centers into the framework plays an important role in tuning the dimerization of NO2 molecules in the pore via the formation of specific host‐guest interactions.
Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lignin Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Shen Zhensheng , Shi Chengxiang , Liu Fan , Wang Wei , Ai Minhua , Huang Zhenfeng , Zhang Xiangwen , Pan Lun , Zou Ji‐Jun
Published: November 2023

Lignin is the main component of lignocellulose and the largest source of aromatic substances on the earth. Biofuel and bio‐chemicals derived from lignin can reduce the use of petroleum products. Current advances in lignin catalysis conversion have facilitated many of progress, but understanding the principles of catalyst design is critical to moving the field forward. In this review, the factors affecting the catalysts (including the type of active metal, metal particle size, acidity, pore size, the nature of the oxide supports, and the synergistic effect of the metals) are systematically reviewed based on the three most commonly used supports (carbon, oxides, and zeolites) in lignin hydrogenolysis. The catalytic performance (selectivity and yield of products) is evaluated, and the emerging catalytic mechanisms are introduced to better understand the catalyst design guidelines. Finally, based on the progress of existing studies, future directions for catalyst design in the field of lignin depolymerization are proposed.
Identifying key factors controlling potential soil respiration in agricultural fields
Authors: Adhikari Kabindra , Anderson Kelsey R. , Smith Douglas R. , Owens Phillip R. , Moore Philip A. , Libohova Zamir
Published: November 2023

Soil respiration is one of the main soil health indicators and is influenced by several factors in agricultural fields. Identifying key factors that control soil respiration is desirable for informed soil management decisions and for promoting and scaling up soil health. This study aimed to (i) quantify the relationships between potential soil respiration and selected soil properties, crops, and slope positions, and (ii) identify key factors controlling these relationships using a neural network model. Ninety soil samples from 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 20‐cm soil depth were collected from footslope, backslope, and summit in three fields planted with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). The model provided great accuracy (coefficient of determination: 0.96; root‐mean square error: 7.8; and mean absolute deviation: 3.8) and explained nearly 96% of variations in soil respiration across soil depth, crop, and slope positions. Soil depth, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4‐N), crop types, slope position, and silt content were identified as the top five factors influencing potential soil respiration at the field level. Potential soil respiration was more sensitive to potassium, phosphorus, pH, cation exchange capacity, and mean weight diameter and less sensitive to NH4‐N, nitrate nitrogen, soil organic matter, and clay content. It increased with pH, electrical conductivity, mean weight diameter, potential nitrogen mineralization, and potassium, and it decreased with increasing silt content. Soil from 0 to 5 cm under soybean or at the summit slope position exhibited a higher respiration. Using a small dataset, this pilot study accurately predicted potential soil respiration in agricultural fields and identified key drivers controlling it. The results from this study highlight the complexity of using potential soil respiration as a standalone test for evaluating soil health. This does not diminish the usefulness of potential soil respiration as a soil health indicator to support agricultural management decisions and as a reference in future soil health studies. However, it emphasizes the importance of considering multiple factors when interpreting the significance of soil biological indicators for soil health assessments.
Microbial community response to cover cropping varied with time after termination
Authors: Ogunleye Anuoluwapo , Thapa Vesh R. , Aryal Deb R. , Ghimire Rajan , Acosta‐Martinez Veronica
Published: November 2023

This study evaluates cover crop (CC) effects on microbial community structure in a winter wheat–sorghum–fallow rotation with pea, oat, and canola; mixtures of pea and oat; pea and canola; pea, oat, and canola; and six species mixture (SSM) of pea, oat, canola, hairy vetch, forage radish, and barley as CCs, and fallow as treatments. Soil microbial community structure was analyzed at CC termination (phase I), 36 days (phase II), and a year (phase III) after termination using an ester‐linked fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Total microbial biomass (TMB) under oats was significantly greater than under canola (by 47%) in phase I (p ≤ 0.05). The TMB was >48% under pea, pea + canola, and SSM, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was 70%–93% more under pea, canola, and their mixtures than fallow in phase II. While microbial abundance varied with CCs at and after 36 days post‐termination, these effects did not persist for a year. Long fallow period after cropping or cover cropping appears detrimental to microbial community proliferation.
Insights into the Early Size Effects of Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3
Authors: Amorín Harvey , Venet Michel , García José E. , Ochoa Diego A. , Ramos Pablo , López‐Sánchez Jesús , Rubio‐Zuazo Juan , Castro Alicia , Algueró Miguel
Published: November 2023

Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) stands out among lead‐free ferroelectric oxides under consideration to replace state‐of‐the‐art high‐sensitivity piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, for a range of energy conversion ceramic technologies. However, the best performances have been reported for very coarse‐grained materials, and attempts to refine microstructure below 10 µm grain size consistently result in significant property degradation. Here a comprehensive study of the grain size effects on the properties of BCZT across the micron scale is reported, down to the verge of the submicron one. Results show a distinctive early evolution of properties for grain sizes between 1 and 5 µm. For the larger sizes in this range, an opposite effect is found for the piezoelectric charge coefficient and electric field‐induced strain with respect to the very coarse‐grained material, while very good overall performance is maintained. For the lower sizes, relaxor features appear, yet materials can still be poled indicating their ferroelectric nature. This strongly resembles size effects in the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 system, driven by the slowing down of the relaxor to ferroelectric transition with size reduction, though kinetics seem to slow down across much larger grain sizes for BCZT. Concomitant changes in the polymorphic phase coexistence are described and discussed by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction.
Impact of planting green on soil properties under irrigated no‐till soybean
Authors: Stephens Trey , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Knezevic Stevan , Rees Jennifer , Koehler‐Cole Katja , Jhala Amit J.
Published: November 2023

Planting green refers to the practice of planting a row crop into an actively growing cover crop (CC) and terminating it at or after row crop planting. Planting green could have more beneficial impacts on soil properties, erosion control, nutrient cycling, weed suppression, and other soil ecosystem services because it allows greater CC biomass accumulation than early‐terminated CC. The objectives of this 2‐year study were to evaluate the impact of planting green on soil properties (bulk density, wet aggregate stability, sorptivity, particulate organic matter, organic matter, nutrients, and others) and soybean (Glycine max L.) yield in an irrigated no‐till soybean system in south‐central Nebraska. Treatments were cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) CC terminated 2 weeks before planting (2WBP), CC terminated 2 weeks after planting (2WAP) soybean, and no CC. On average, CC produced 2.35 Mg ha−1 of biomass for 2WBP and 12.03 Mg ha−1 for 2WAP. Both 2WBP and 2WAP reduced N concentration by 48% (31.10 vs. 59.70 mg kg−1) but had no effect on other soil properties compared with no CC. Despite the abundant CC biomass production, terminating 2WAP had little to no effect on most soil properties in the short term (2 years). Wet aggregate stability increased as CC biomass production increased, while soil sorptivity (initial water infiltration) increased as wet aggregate stability increased. CC termination timing had inconsistent effects on soybean yield. In general, after 2 years, planting green had no effect on most soil properties or soybean yield, warranting long‐term studies on this topic.
Preparing the occupational safety and health workforce for future disruptions
Authors: Streit Jessica M. K. , Felknor Sarah A. , Edwards Nicole T. , Caruso David L. , Howard John
Published: November 2023

Background

Despite some emerging lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic, evidence suggests the world remains largely underprepared for—and vulnerable to—similar threats in the future.

Methods

In 2022, researchers at the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) led a team of volunteers to explore how future disruptions, such as pandemics, might impact work and the practice of occupational safety and health (OSH). This qualitative inquiry was framed as a strategic foresight project and included a series of activities designed to help better understand, prepare for, and influence the future.

Results

Findings from a thorough search for indicators of change were synthesized into nine critical uncertainties and four plausible future scenarios. Analysis of these outputs elucidated three key challenges that may impact OSH research, policy, and practice during future disruptions: (1) data access, (2) direct‐to‐worker communications, and (3) mis‐ and dis‐information management.

Conclusions

A robust strategic response is offered to address these challenges, and next steps are proposed to enhance OSH preparedness and institutionalize strategic foresight across the OSH community.
Association between military service and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy
Authors: Powell W. Ryan , Vilen Leigha , Zuelsdorff Megan , Goutman Stephen A. , Salamat Shahriar , Rissman Robert A. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Kind Amy J. H.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Anti‐amyloid therapies are at the forefront of efforts to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying amyloid risk factors may aid screening and intervention strategies. While veterans face increased exposure to risk factors, whether they face a greater neuropathologic amyloid burden is not well understood.

METHODS

Male decedents donating to two Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) brain banks from 1986 to 2018 with categorized neuritic plaque density and neurofibrillary tangles (n = 597) were included. Using generalized ordered logistic regression we modeled each outcome's association with military history adjusting for age and death year.

RESULTS

Having served in the military (60% of sample) is associated with post mortem neuritic amyloid plaque (for each comparison of higher to lower C scores OR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.49) and tau pathology (B score OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.08–1.12).

DISCUSSION

This is the first study, to our knowledge, finding increased levels of verified AD neuropathology in those with military service. Targeted veteran AD therapies is a pressing need.
Direct C−C Double Bond Cleavage of Alkenes Enabled by Highly Dispersed Cobalt Catalyst and Hydroxylamine
Authors: Xue Wenxuan , Jiang Yijie , Lu Hongcheng , You Bo , Wang Xu , Tang Conghui
Published: November 2023

The utilization of a single‐atom catalyst to break C−C bonds merges the merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and presents an intriguing pathway for obtaining high‐value‐added products. Herein, a mild, selective, and sustainable oxidative cleavage of alkene to form oxime ether or nitrile was achieved by using atomically dispersed cobalt catalyst and hydroxylamine. Diversified substrate patterns, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkenes, di‐ and tri‐substituted alkenes, and late‐stage functionalization of complex alkenes were demonstrated. The reaction was successfully scaled up and demonstrated good performance in recycling experiments. The hot filtration test, catalyst poisoning and radical scavenger experiment, time kinetics, and studies on the reaction intermediate collectively pointed to a radical mechanism with cobalt/acid/O2 promoted C−C bond cleavage as the key step.
Thermoset polymers as host for optical limiting
Authors: Caillieaudeaux Jade , Muller Olivier , Guerchoux Morgane , Bruder Célia , Merlat Lionel , Schuller Anne‐Sophie , Delaite Christelle
Published: November 2023

The human eye, sensors, and photoreceptors can be damaged if they are submitted to laser beams with high intensities and low divergence. In the military field, an optical sensor can be damaged by pulsed laser radiations when exposed beyond its capacities. In order to have a protection against such threats, passive optical limiting is used. A mix between a reactive oligomer and a monomer, with methacrylate functions, is studied in the present work giving a thermoset matrix. To prevent the monomer evaporation, which results in the formation of bubbles in the final material, related to the reaction exotherm, an oligomer and a monomer with a high boiling temperature are used as precursors, giving a good alternative to a thermoplastic matrix like polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). We report the experimental results of transient thermally induced optical nonlinearities (i.e., nonlinear refraction) in methacrylate‐based polymer filters at a nanosecond timescale, focus will be made to compare third order nonlinear refractive index from thermally induced refractive index. Optical filters are obtained by chemical bulk processes. In the present work, both thermoplastics and thermosets matrices were synthesized in order to characterize their optical limiting properties by mean of an appropriate custom‐made optical setup as well as their nonlinear refractive indices measured by the z‐scan technique. Optical measurements in the nonlinear regime are achieved at the wavelength of 1064 nm. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such a work dealing on 3D‐network methacrylate‐based host has never been published.
MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 are first expressed in the colon glands after a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM)
Authors: da Silva Jéssica , Freitas Jaime Ribeiro , do Carmo Eliakin Roberto , Gomes Jose Rosa
Published: November 2023

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) and membrane‐type 1‐matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) are always expressed during the cancer process. The aim was to identify which regions of the colon mucosa MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 begin to express themselves, as well as to establish their expression in relation to cell proliferation and mucin production. After intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of azoxymethane (AOM) at 4, 12, and 20 weeks, histological sections of the middle segment of the rat colon mucosa were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation and expression of MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 and histochemistry for mucin. As a result, a single dose of AOM initially increased the intensity of MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 expression in the conjunctive cells and glands, concurrently with alterations in the distribution of the mucin produced in the gland of the large intestine mucosa and cell proliferation. As a result, at 4 and 12 weeks, a single dose of AOM initially stimulated the expression of MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 in the conjunctive cells and glands with greater intensity. Changes in the cell proliferation and distribution of the mucin produced in the large intestine mucosa gland were observed. We conclude that MT1‐MMP and TIMP‐2 were first and strongly expressed in all cells of the colon glands, concurrently with an increase in cell proliferation and a diffuse dispersion of mucin, indicating the onset of the dysplasia process following a single dosage of AOM.
Benevolent and authoritarian: How paternalistic leadership promotes employee green behavior
Authors: Mi Lingyun , Wang Xuejiao , Xu Ting , Chen Hongwei , Han Jiali , Qiao Lijie
Published: November 2023

Promoting employee green behavior (EGB) through leadership is considered a crucial way to achieve corporate environmental sustainability goals. However, there is still a gap in understanding how paternalistic leadership with Eastern characteristics affects EGB. Drawing on the social exchange theory, this paper explores how the two different dimensions of paternalistic leadership, benevolent leadership and authoritarian leadership, affect employee green behavior, and examines the mediating role of psychological ownership. The study uses Mplus 8.3 to analyze 474 leader‐subordinate paired data. The results revealed three key findings: (1)There is a notable distinction between the benevolent and authoritarian dimensions of paternalistic leadership concerning their pathways and strengths on driving EGB. (2) Benevolent leadership directly promotes employee task‐related green behavior while influencing employee eco‐civic engagement behavior and eco‐helping behavior through psychological ownership. (3) Authoritarian leadership directly promotes employee task‐related green behavior, eco‐civic engagement behavior and eco‐helping behavior. Based on the above findings, this study offers practical guidance to corporate managers on effectively utilizing the benevolent‐authoritarian style of dual‐dexterous leadership to incentivize EGB conducive to corporate green transformation.
Removal of phenolic inhibitors from lignocellulose hydrolysates using laccases for the production of fuels and chemicals
Authors: Fernández‐Sandoval M. T. , García A. , Teymennet‐Ramírez K. V. , Arenas‐Olivares D. Y. , Martínez‐Morales F. , Trejo‐Hernández M. R.
Published: November 2023

Lignocellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the biosphere. It is inexpensive and therefore considered an attractive feedstock to produce biofuels and other biochemicals. Thermochemical and/or enzymatic pretreatment is used to release fermentable monomeric sugars. However, a variety of inhibitory by‐products such as weak acids, furans, and phenolics that inhibit cell growth and fermentation are also released. Phenolic compounds are among the most toxic components in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and slurries derived from lignin decomposition, affecting overall fermentation processes and production yields and productivity. Ligninolytic enzymes have been shown to lower inhibitor concentrations in these hydrolysates, thereby enhancing their fermentability into valuable products. Among them, laccases, which are capable of oxidizing lignin and a variety of phenolic compounds in an environmentally benign manner, have been used for biomass delignification and detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates with promising results. This review discusses the state of the art of different enzymatic approaches to hydrolysate detoxification. In particular, laccases are used in separate or in situ detoxification steps, namely in free enzyme processes or immobilized by cell surface display technology to improve the efficiency of the fermentative process and consequently the production of second‐generation biofuels and bio‐based chemicals.
Supraordinate identity integration in childhood: Intergroup implications of ethno‐national and supraordinate identification in three divided societies
Authors: Nic Craith Isabelle , Corbett Bethany , Tomašić Humer Jasmina , Tomovska Misoska Ana , Maloku Edona , Dautel Jocelyn B. , Taylor Laura K.
Published: November 2023

An overarching, supraordinate identity (e.g., European identity) can enhance intergroup relations if individuals recategorize ingroup and outgroup members into one, unified group. Yet, in conflict‐affected societies, ethno‐national identities may promote negative intergroup attitudes and behaviours. The effects of European and ethno‐national identities in combination have yet to be explored in childhood. If they can be integrated, the inclusivity of a supraordinate European identity may be felt despite the divisiveness of ethno‐national identities in post‐accord societies. This research assesses supraordinate identity integration in relation to quality intergroup contact and cross‐group friendships among the post‐accord generation in Croatia, Kosovo and Republic of North Macedonia (RNM). These sites have relatively recent conflicts, but varying relationships to the EU. Data were collected from 382 children aged 7–11, split evenly by minority and majority status (Croatia n = 90; Kosovo n = 107; RNM n = 185). Children across all three sites had integrated ethno‐national/European identities. Levels of identity integration varied by site, but not group status. Identity integration was positively and significantly associated with quality of outgroup contact and number of cross‐group friends, and this relationship varied by site. Integrated supraordinate identities have promising implications for intergroup relations and the future of peacebuilding in Europe. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Lycopodium Alkaloids from Phlegmariurus carinatus with Cytotoxic and Neuroprotective Effects
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zheng Dong‐Kun , Jiang Shu‐Ping , Li Jing , Xie Zhen , He Lu‐Hua , Liu Lin , Liu Yang
Published: November 2023

One new fawcettimine‐type alkaloid, phlecarinadine A (1), and twelve known ones (2–13) were isolated from the whole plant of Phlegmariurus carinatus. Their chemical structures were unambiguously established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS). The absolute configuration of 1 was elucidated by the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) technique. These compounds were tested for their cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities. None of these compounds revealed cytotoxic activity against five tumor cells. Phlegmariurine B (2) exhibited potential neuroprotective effects against hemin‐induced HT22 cell damage, with a 17.76 % increase in cell survival at 10 μM. In further study, 2 can ameliorate hemin‐induced neuronal cell death via an anti‐apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that 2 might be a valuable lead compound with neuroprotective activity.
The first Helicobacter pylori‐induced Guillain–Barré syndrome in Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Ayman , EL‐Sadig Sarah Misbah , Eltigani Hala Fathi , Bongomin Felix , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case report highlights the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of GBS. Healthcare providers should consider H. pylori in their differential diagnosis for patients with neurological syndromes.

Astract

We report the first known case of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in Sudan. This case highlights the role of H. pylori infection in the development of GBS. It also emphasizes the importance of wide screening of different endemic infections for patients with neurological syndromes for early detection and improves the case management in resource‐limited settings like Sudan. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori‐inducing neurological disorders.
Can Telluric Acid Replace Chromate as a Homogeneous Catalyst in the Chlorate Process?
Authors: Sellin Annicka , Busch Michael , Wildlock Mats , Ahlberg Elisabet , Simic Nina
Published: November 2023

Finding an alternative to Cr(VI) as catalyst for the conversion of hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid to chlorate is of critical importance to render the industrial chlorate process safe and sustainable. Recently, telluric acid was identified as a potential replacement but its performance under industrial conditions and its interactions with other parts of the process are still unknown. These factors are elucidated by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) modeling and pilot plant studies. Our results indicate, that the addition of telluric acid indeed has a beneficial effect on the decomposition of HOCl to chlorate. The increased performance, shown as a decreased oxygen formation and an increase in anodic current efficiency. It is mostly related to a buffering effect and an increased selectivity for chlorate formation. Unfortunately, a low cathodic current efficiency was achieved due to reduction of telluric acid to solid Te/TeO2 particles in the electrolyte and at the cathode. Despite the benefits of buffering effects and increased selectivity for chlorate formation, telluric acid is unsuitable as replacement for Cr(VI) in the chlorate process due to lack of compatibility with all process conditions.
Electrochemical [3+2] Cycloaddition Proceeding at Low Electrolyte Concentration in Laminar‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shida Naoki , Atobe Mahito
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical [3+2] cycloaddition of phenols and alkenes in a laminar‐flow microreactor was realized at an unprecedentedly low electrolyte concentration (0.001–0.01 M) owing to low solution resistance derived from the narrow electrode distance. An overoxidation of the resulting cycloadducts (dihydrobenzofuran derivatives) was avoided through the optimization of the reactor configuration, and nine of dihydrobenzofuran derivatives are successfully synthesized in our system without any oxidant. Furthermore, simple scale‐up was enabled by using parallel stacked flow cell system.
An Offset Patterned Cross‐β Structure in Assemblies of C3‐Symmetric Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Zagorodko Oleksandr , Melnyk Tetiana , Nebot Vicent J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Vicent María J.
Published: November 2023

Developing peptide‐based materials with controlled morphology is a critical theme of soft matter research. Herein, we report the formation of a novel, patterned cross‐β structure formed by self‐assembled C3‐symmetric peptide amphiphiles based on diphenylalanine and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA). The cross‐β motif is an abundant structural element in amyloid fibrils and aggregates of fibril‐forming peptides, including diphenylalanine. The incorporation of topological constraints on one edge of the diphenylalanine fragment limits the number of β‐strands in β‐sheets and leads to the creation of an unconventional offset‐patterned cross‐β structure consisting of short 3×2 parallel β‐sheets stabilized by phenylalanine zippers. In the reported assembly, two patterned cross‐β structures bind parallel arrays of BTA stacks in a superstructure within a single‐molecule‐thick nanoribbon. In addition to a threefold network of hydrogen bonds in the BTA stack, each molecule becomes simultaneously bound by hydrogen bonds from three β‐sheets and four phenylalanine zippers. The diffuse layer of alkyl chains with terminal polar groups prevents the nanoribbons from merging and stabilizes cross‐β‐structure in water. Our results provide a simple approach to the incorporation of novel patterned cross‐β motifs into supramolecular superstructures and shed light on the general mechanism of β‐sheet formation in C3‐symmetric peptide amphiphiles.
Prediction of CYP Down Regulation after Tusamitamab Ravtansine Administration (a DM4‐Conjugate), Based on an In Vitro–In Vivo Extrapolation Approach
Authors: Pouzin Clemence , Teutonico Donato , Fagniez Nathalie , Ziti‐Ljajic Samira , Perreard‐Dumaine Anne , Pardon Magalie , Klieber Sylvie , Nguyen Laurent
Published: November 2023

Tusamitamab ravtansine is an antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1) and DM4 payload. Even if DM4 and its main metabolite methyl‐DM4 (Me‐DM4) circulate at low concentrations after ADC administration, their potential as perpetrators of cytochrome P450 mediated drug–drug interaction was assessed. In vitro studies in human hepatocytes indicated that Me‐DM4 elicited a clear concentration‐dependent down regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, 1A2, and 2B6). Because DM4 was unstable under the incubation conditions studied, the in vitro constants could not be determined for this entity. Thus, to predict the clinical relevance of this observed downregulation, an in vitro‐in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) pharmacokinetic (PK) based approach was developed. To mitigate model prediction errors and because of their similar inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization, the same downregulation constants were used for DM4 and Me‐DM4. This approach describes the time course of decreasing CYP3A4, 1A2, and 2B6 enzyme amounts as a function of circulating concentrations of DM4 and Me‐DM4 predicted from a population PK model. The developed IVIVE‐PK model showed that the highest CYP abundance decrease was observed for CYP3A4, with a transient reduction of < 10% from baseline. The impact on midazolam exposure, as probe substrate of CYP3A, was then simulated based on a physiologically‐based PK static method. The maximal CYP3A4 abundance reduction was associated with a predicted midazolam area under the curve (AUC) ratio of 1.14. To conclude, the observed in vitro downregulation of CYPs by Me‐DM4 is not expected to have relevant clinical impact.