bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admixture analysis and stocking impact assessment in brown trout (Salmo trutta), estimated with incomplete baseline data
Authors: Hansen Michael M , Nielsen Einar E , Bekkevold Dorte , Mensberg Karen-Lise D
Published: April 2011

Studies of genetic interactions between wild and domesticated fish are often hampered by unavailability of samples from wild populations prior to population admixture. We assessed the utility of a new Bayesian method, which can estimate individual admixture coefficients even with data missing from the populations contributing to admixture. We applied the method to analyse the genetic contribution of domesticated brown trout (Salmo trutta) in samples of anadromous trout from two stocked populations with no genetic data available before stocking. Further, we estimated population level admixture proportions by the mean of individual admixture coefficients. This method proved more informative than a multidimensional scaling analysis of individual-based genetic distances and assignment tests. The results showed almost complete absence of stocked, domesticated trout in samples of trout from the rivers. Consequently, stocking had little effect on improving fisheries. In one population, the genetic contribution by domesticated trout was small, whereas in the other population, some genetic impact was suggested. Admixture in this sample of anadromous trout despite absence of stocked domesticated trout could be because of introgression by domesticated trout adopting a resident life history.
Successful recovery of the physiological status of coho salmon on board a commercial gillnet vessel by means of a newly designed revival box
Authors: Farrell A P , Gallaugher P E , Fraser J , Pike D , Bowering P , Hadwin A KM , Parkhouse W , Routledge R
Published: April 2011

Successful application of fish-revival techniques in commercial fishing prior to release of nontarget species requires clear evidence that recovery devices do indeed improve physiological status and minimize postcapture delayed mortality. This study provides such evidence for a newly designed recovery box (Fraser box) that assisted gill ventilation. Immediately after capture by gillnet, adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were in a state of severe metabolic exhaustion and stress, based on a comprehensive analysis of plasma and muscle tissue. However, when placed in a Fraser recovery box for 12 h, both lethargic and vigorous fish showed significant metabolic recovery and their ability to swim was also quickly restored. An emphatic demonstration of the benefit of the Fraser box was the successful revival of >90% of fish that appeared dead at capture. Furthermore, postcapture delayed mortality was only 2.3% after a 24-h observation period. Therefore, in the context of commercial salmon gillnet fishing, revival of nontarget coho salmon in a Fraser box, in combination with a soak time (total time the gillnet is in the water) [Formula: see text]70 min and careful fish handling to minimize physical trauma, could improve physiological status, restore swimming ability, and markedly reduce postcapture delayed mortality.
Resource partitioning as a factor limiting gene flow in hybridizing populations of Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)
Authors: Hagen John , Taylor Eric B
Published: April 2011

Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) hybridize in areas of secondary contact in northwestern North America but maintain their genetic integrity in spite of gene flow. We examined juvenile stream ecology and adult reproductive ecology of these species in sympatry to test for specializations to alternative niches that may act as a basis for natural selection against hybrids. Juvenile Dolly Varden occupied deeper, faster water and foraged more during daytime in the drift, whereas bull trout used shallower, slower water and made more nighttime foraging attempts towards the substrate. The species showed extensive diet overlap (Schoener's index = 0.70.9), and we found evidence for density compensation between species among sites. Our results suggest no obvious basis for selection against hybrids at the juvenile stream-rearing life-history stage. Bull trout, however, are adfluvial, whereas Dolly Varden are permanent stream residents. Bull trout are also much larger at maturity (5080 cm vs. 1215 cm) and build redds in faster, deeper water using larger substrate sizes. Consequently, hybrid genotypes may be selected against in these alternative life-history niches or during reproduction owing to their intermediate size at maturity and size-dependent spawning habitat use and mate choice.
Calcium declines in northeastern Ontario lakes
Authors: Keller W , Dixit S S , Heneberry J
Published: April 2011

Thousands of lakes in northeastern Ontario, Canada, have been acidified by sulphur deposition associated with emissions from the Sudbury area metal smelters. However, water quality improvements including increased pH and reduced sulphate concentrations have followed large reductions in Sudbury emissions that were implemented, beginning in the 1970s. Substantial decreases in Ca concentrations accompanied these other changes in lakewater chemistry. Monitoring of 38 lakes 20128 km from Sudbury showed declines in Ca concentrations, averaging 2.7 µeq·L1·year1, over the period 19811999. Declines were particularly apparent during the 1990s, averaging 3.8 µeq·L1·year1. Paleolimnological reconstructions of the long-term Ca patterns in six lakes suggest that general lakewater Ca declines occurred through much of the 20th century. Comparison of recent measured Ca concentrations in 16 lakes with diatom-inferred pre-industrial Ca concentrations indicates that overall decreases in Ca have been large, averaging 74.6 µeq·L1 or 46%. Long-term Ca patterns may reflect a combination of factors including climatic changes, forest harvesting activities, and leaching by acid deposition, the effects of which we can not separate. Calcium declines have biological implications that will need to be considered in the development of appropriate targets as these lakes continue to recover from acidification.
The role of coastal ocean variation in spatial and temporal patterns in survival and size of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Hobday Alistair J , Boehlert George W
Published: April 2011

Interannual and decadal variability in ocean survival of salmon are well known, but the mechanisms through which environmental variability exerts its effects are poorly understood. Data on hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from individual releases (19731998) along the species' entire North American range were analyzed to provide information on survival and size. Three geographic regions (north of Vancouver Island, Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia, and the outer coast south of the tip of Vancouver Island) showed coherent trends in survival and size of returning fish. Within each region, multivariate nonlinear models were used to relate coho survival and final size to spatially and temporally tailored environmental variables at time periods of release, jack return, and adult return. The most important environmental variable, as indicated by the highest amount of variance explained, was a calculated proxy for mixed-layer depth, followed by sea level. In all regions, survival and adult size were most influenced by environmental conditions at the release time. A shallow mixed layer was associated with increased survival and decreased size in all regions. Improved understanding of the relationship between environmental conditions and size and survival of coho salmon provides insight into production patterns in the coastal ocean.
Stable isotopic composition of otoliths in identification of spawning stocks of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Puget Sound
Authors: Gao Y W , Joner S H , Bargmann G G
Published: April 2011

Otoliths of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) were collected from Puget Sound, Washington, and were analysed for oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C). It was expected that if adult herring spawn at different localities with different δ18O and δ13C values, these isotope variations would constitute a natural tag that can be used to distinguish the herring spawning stocks. For a test project, we took aragonite powder samples from the surface of otolith nuclei and the second summer otolith rings, respectively. Isotopic composition of otolith nuclei from the Georgia Strait had lowest isotope values (from 8.2 to 2.0 VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) in δ18O and 6.8 to 3.9 VPDB in δ13C), significantly different from those collected from two southern Puget Sound spawning grounds (from 3.9 to 0.9 VPDB in δ18O and 5.6 to 2.0 VPDB in δ13C). This isotopic identification is consistent with the biological observation and the actual sample collection. Stable isotopic information extracted from the summer otolith rings, in contrast, showed two types of herring in 1999 corresponding to the migratory and non-migratory stocks in Puget Sound. The rate of the two types of herring was about 70% versus 30%.
Biological reference points for fish stocks in a multispecies context
Authors: Collie Jeremy S , Gislason Henrik
Published: April 2011

Biological reference points (BRPs) are widely used to define safe levels of harvesting for marine fish populations. Most BRPs are either minimum acceptable biomass levels or maximum fishing mortality rates. The values of BRPs are determined from historical abundance data and the life-history parameters of the fish species. However, when the life-history parameters change over time, the BRPs become moving targets. In particular, the natural mortality rate of prey species depends on predator levels; conversely, predator growth rates depend on prey availability. We tested a suite of BRPs for their robustness to observed changes in natural mortality and growth rates. We used the relatively simple Baltic Sea fish community for this sensitivity test, with cod as predator and sprat and herring as prey. In general, the BRPs were much more sensitive to the changes in natural mortality rates than to growth variation. For a prey species like sprat, fishing mortality reference levels should be conditioned on the level of predation mortality. For a predator species, a conservative level of fishing mortality can be identified that will prevent growth overfishing and ensure stock replacement. These first-order multispecies interactions should be considered when defining BRPs for medium-term (510 year) management decisions.
Estimating growth and mortality of juvenile winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, with a length-based model
Authors: DeLong Allison K , Collie Jeremy S , Meise Carol J , Powell J Christopher
Published: April 2011

This study quantifies the combined effects of density and environmental factors on young-of-the-year (YOY) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. We used a length-based model to estimate growth and mortality rates from June to October each year from 1988 to 1998. In this model, mortality and growth rates are decreasing functions of length and there is variability in individual growth. Maximum-likelihood methods were used to fit the model to length-frequency data collected by the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife beach-seine survey in Narragansett Bay during the study years. The monthly mortality rate was density dependent and was positively related to temperature. Growth rate was negatively related to density. There was a significant decline in YOY winter flounder abundance during the period of study. The most recent year of the study, 1998, had the lowest density, lowest mortality, low summer temperature, and high growth rate. Thus, growth and mortality during the juvenile stage do not appear to be limiting the recovery of this depleted winter flounder population.
Phylogeography of "glacial relict" Gammaracanthus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from boreal lakes and the Caspian and White seas
Authors: Väinölä Risto , Vainio Jouni K , Palo Jukka U
Published: April 2011

As with a number of "glacial relict" crustacean genera, species of Gammaracanthus are vicariously distributed in circumarctic coastal waters, in boreal freshwater lakes, and in the Caspian Sea. Various hypotheses have been invoked to explain the origins and diversity of the non-marine taxa. Data on 28 allozyme loci and 558 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrate a close affinity between G. caspius of the Caspian Sea and G. aestuariorum of the White Sea area (Nei's allozyme distance D = 0.09, COI sequence divergence d = 5%), and a threefold divergence of the two from the Fennoscandian freshwater G. lacustris (D = 0.33, d = 12%). The relative molecular affinities agree with morphological evidence but contradict the idea of a common ancestry of the non-marine taxa, rather they suggest two independent invasions of continental waters. The generally low molecular divergence refutes the recently suggested generic splitting of Gammaracanthus. Previous speculations of an affinity of Gammaracanthus to the Baikalian acanthogammarids or to the Eusiroidea are not substantiated. The interspecific phylogeographic structure of Gammaracanthus is not concordant with that of other "glacial relict" crustacean genera. Phylogeographically, Gammaracanthus seems to match with the genus Monoporeia alone, rather than with Pontoporeia sensu lato.
The impact of beaver impoundments on the water chemistry of two Appalachian streams
Authors: Margolis Brian E , Castro Mark S , Raesly Richard L
Published: April 2011

We measured the impacts of beaver impoundments on the water chemistry of two headwater streams on the Appalachian Plateau, an unnamed tributary to Herrington Creek (HR), and Mountain Run (MT). We measured acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), pH, conductivity, discharge, temperature, and the concentrations of major ions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and trace metals in stream water upstream and 1 m, 10 m, and 100 m downstream of the beaver impoundments and at two locations, 147 m apart, in a tributary to HR that did not contain a beaver impoundment. There were significant differences in water chemistry upstream and downstream of the beaver impoundments at both MT and HR, but these differences were generally confined to the summer. During the summer, both beaver impoundments generated ANC and increased pH by acting as sinks for NO3 and sources of NH4+, iron, and manganese. In addition, the beaver impoundment at MT was a sink for SO42 and the impoundment at HR was a source of DOC. The generation of ANC by beaver impoundments may be important to streams of this region where inputs of strong acids from atmospheric deposition are relatively high.
How robust are Bayesian posterior inferences based on a Ricker model with regards to measurement errors and prior assumptions about parameters?
Authors: Rivot E , Prévost E , Parent E
Published: April 2011

We present a Bayesian approach of a Ricker stock-recruitment (S/R) analysis accounting for measurement errors on S/R data. We assess the sensitivity of posterior inferences to (i) the choice of Ricker model parameterizations, with special regards to management-related ones, and (ii) prior parameter distributions. Closed forms for Ricker parameter posterior distributions exist given S/R data known without error. We use this property to develop a procedure based on the RaoBlackwell formula. This procedure achieves integration of measurement errors by averaging these closed forms over possible S/R data sets sampled from distributions derived from a stochastic model relating field data to the S and R variables. High-quality Bayesian estimates are obtained. The analysis of the influence of different parameterizations and of the priors is made easier. We illustrate our methodological approach by a case study of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Posterior distributions for S and R are computed from a markrecapture stochastic model. Ignoring measurement errors underestimates parameter uncertainty and overestimates both stock productivity and density dependence. We warn against using management-related parameterizations because it makes the strong prior assumption of long-term sustainability of stocks. Posterior inferences are sensitive to the choice of prior. The use of informative priors as a remedy is discussed.
Retrospective patterns of differential mortality and common year-effects experienced by spring and summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of the Columbia River
Authors: Deriso Richard B , Marmorek David R , Parnell Ian J
Published: April 2011

We used spawnerrecruit data to estimate the instantaneous differential mortality (µ) experienced by seven Snake River spring and summer chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks relative to six lower Columbia River stocks. We applied 37 Ricker stockrecruit models to these data, incorporating different assumptions about measurement error, transport survival, intrinsic productivity, methods of estimating µ, and common year-effects that affect the survival of all stocks. Estimates of mean µ for the 12 best models ranged from 0.55 to 1.90 (mean of 1.09), implying that passage from Lower Granite Dam to John Day Dam reduced recruitment of 19701990 Snake River broods by an average of 4285% (mean of 66%). Differential mortality was cyclical and moderately high in the 1970s brood years, low for 19801983, near average in 19841989, and high in 1990. Our empirical estimates of µ showed low bias and were between those produced by two mechanistic passage models. The best empirical models included common year-effects, which shifted from generally positive effects on 19521968 brood years to generally negative effects on 19701990 broods. Year-effects were not significantly correlated with two climate indices or with water travel time (the time that water takes to travel down the Columbia River).
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), habitat alteration, and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) foraging: system-wide effects and behavioural mechanisms
Authors: Mayer C M , Rudstam L G , Mills E L , Cardiff S G , Bloom C A
Published: April 2011

The aggregate impact of an exotic species introduction, such as the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), may involve a large number of biotic and abiotic interactions within the recipient ecosystem. We used laboratory experiments and field data to assess effects of zebra mussels on both foraging success of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and activity of the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus. In two laboratory experiments zebra mussel clusters reduced the rate at which yellow perch captured amphipods. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods when zebra mussels were present at two light levels (<2.1 and >214 lx) and across a range of prey densities (761500 amphipods·m2). The effect of zebra mussels on amphipod activity depended on light level. Yellow perch captured fewer amphipods in the presence of mussel clusters than when plants were present. The frequency of amphipods in the diets of adult yellow perch in Oneida Lake increased after zebra mussel introduction, but the increase was greater in low mussel density habitats. Our laboratory results and field observations suggest that zebra mussels affect yellow perch foraging on amphipods through increased structural complexity (negative) and increased light penetration ( positive), but not through increased prey density.
Dispersion of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry from competing families as revealed by DNA profiling
Authors: Webb J H , Fryer R J , Taggart J B , Thompson C E , Youngson A F
Published: April 2011

Minisatellite-based DNA profiling was used to investigate the dispersion of synchronously spawned families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry from artificial nests in a natural stream. By the end of the summer, i.e., 17 weeks after hatching, detected dispersion was mainly downstream and less than 1 km. Within this distance, three families that had been stocked together showed different patterns of dispersion, with the relative abundance of each family changing systematically with distance downstream from the nest, but with no monopolization of any area or habitat type by any one family. The length of fry also changed systematically with distance downstream, with the patterns of change depending on family. For each family, fry were larger closer to the nest. Changes in habitat type had a common effect on the density and length of fry from all the families.
Impact of lobster size on selectivity of traps for southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)
Authors: Frusher S D , Hoenig J M
Published: April 2011

Most lobster fisheries are characterized by high exploitation rates. This has led to substantial declines in the size structures of the populations over time as larger lobsters have been removed. Although both scientists and fishers have suggested that size related hierarchies could impact on lobsters entering traps, the effect of the size change on the selectivity of lobster traps as a population's size structure changes has not been investigated. This paper demonstrates that larger lobsters affect the entrapment of smaller lobsters and that this behaviour affects the selectivity of lobster traps. Both spatial and temporal (within season) factors were found to affect the selectivity plots. Spatial differences in selectivity were attributed to the broader size range of larger lobsters found in regions of faster growth. Temporal differences were attributed to the decline in larger lobsters over the course of a season caused by exploitation. There are also differences in trap selectivity between the sexes.
Aluminum-dominated acute toxicity to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia in neutral waters downstream of an acid mine drainage discharge
Authors: Soucek David J , Cherry Donald S , Zipper Carl E
Published: April 2011

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is traditionally considered to impact aquatic ecosystems by acidification, metal precipitation smothering stream substrates, and sediment toxicity in association with trace metals. Using Ceriodaphnia dubia as a test organism, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests with both field-collected and laboratory-synthesized AMD samples to investigate possible mechanisms of reduced benthic macroinvertebrate community diversity in neutral (pH > 7.0) waters downstream of an acidified tributary. Our results indicate that Al and Fe in transition from acidic waters to neutralizing receiving streams can cause acute toxicity to standard invertebrate test organisms at neutral pH. Aluminum, with an average LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of 2880 µg·L1, was determined to be the cause of acute toxicity in the field for up to a mile downstream of the AMD-influenced tributary and was the likely cause of reduced community diversity at those sites. Although Fe singly may cause acute toxicity in this type of system, it appears to reduce the toxicity of combinations of other metals such as Al, Cu, and Zn.
Properties of abundance indices obtained from acoustic data collected by inshore herring gillnet boats
Authors: Claytor Ross R , Allard Jacques
Published: April 2011

Acoustic data collection during fishing activities can be used to obtain an abundance index. A simulation, calibrated against an experiment conducted during the Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1997 inshore herring fishery, is used to understand how survey design affects the properties of abundance indices derived from these data. Two fishing survey protocols and random and systematic transect surveys were simulated. During the complete fishing survey protocol, the simulated survey boat collected acoustic data before and after a management-imposed nightly boat limit was caught. In contrast, during the incomplete fishing survey protocol, data collection was terminated when the boat limit was caught. Properties of abundance indices derived from the fishing and transect surveys were examined over five levels of fish dispersion, two conditions of fish mobility, and in the presence and absence of concurrent fleet fishing. All indices were subject to change caused by changing fish dispersion, but only the incomplete fishing survey index was highly unsatisfactory. The complete fishing survey index is more susceptible to change than the transect indices but displays a lower sampling variation across conditions than the transect indices. We conclude that the complete fishing survey index is a viable alternative to the transect indices.
I. REPORT ON THE ATLANTIC BIOLOGICAL STATION OF CANADA, ST. ANDREWS, N.B., FOR 1908.
Authors: Penhallow D.Sc, F.G. D. P.
Published: April 2011

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VII.: NOTES ON FISHES OF TIGNISH, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Authors: Cornish B.A. George A.
Published: April 2011

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XI.: PRELIMINARY LIST OF ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINE SPECIES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.
Authors: Taylor F.R.S.C., F. Rev. George W.
Published: April 2011

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XIII.: OYSTER CULTURE AND CLAM FISHING, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Authors: MacBride M.A., D. Sc., F. E. W.
Published: April 2011

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XIV.: ON THE RECOGNITION OF BIVALVE LARVAE IN PLANKTON COLLECTIONS.
Authors: Stafford M.A., Ph. D. J.
Published: April 2011

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XV.: SOME RECENT DIATOMS, FRESHWATER AND MARINE, FROM THE VICINITY OF THE BIOLOGICAL STATION, ST. ANDREWS, N.B., AUGUST 20-30, 1909.
Authors: Bailey LL. D., F.R. L. W.
Published: April 2011

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XVI.: NOTES ON THE FLORA OF THE ST. CROIX RIVER VALLEY AND PASSAMAQUODDY REGION, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Authors: Klugh M.A. A. B.
Published: April 2011

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VIII.: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE LIFE HISTORY OF PROTEOCEPHALUS AMBLOPLITIS LEIDY.: A Parasite of the Black Bass.
Authors: Cooper M.A. A. R.
Published: April 2011

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XI.: LIST OF GEORGIAN BAY FLESHY FUNGI AND MYXOMYCETES.
Authors: Bissonnette M.A. T. H.
Published: April 2011

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XII.: NOTES ON THE AQUATIC PLANTS OF GEORGIAN BAY.
Authors: Klugh M.A. A. B.
Published: April 2011

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V.: FIRST REPORT ON THE "BARREN OYSTER BOTTOMS" INVESTIGATION, RICHMOND BAY, P.E.I.
Authors: Robertson B.A. A. D.
Published: April 2011

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VI.: A SUPPOSED DISEASE OF QUAHAUGS FROM NEW BRUNSWICK.
Authors: Cox Ph. D. Philip
Published: April 2011

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IX.: INVESTIGATION OF THE HADDOCK FISHERY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GROWTH AND MATURITY OF THE HADDOCK (MELANOGRAMMUS ÆGLEFINUS).
Authors: Duff M.A. Dorothy
Published: April 2011

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X: REPORT ON THE LIFE HISTORY OE THE COD AS DETERMINED FROM THE SCALES AND OTHER DATA.
Authors: Wodehouse B.A. R. P.
Published: April 2011

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XIV.: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE BAYS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF NEW BRUNSWICK WITH A VIEW TO THEIR USE FOR OYSTER CULTURE.
Authors: Mavor J. W. , Craigie E. Horne , Detweiler J. D.
Published: April 2011

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XV.: HYDROGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS IN THE ST. CROIX RIVER AND PASSAMAQUODDY BAY IN 1914.
Authors: Craigie E. Horne
Published: April 2011

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ON SERIALLY STRIPED HADDOCK IN NEW BRUNSWICK.
Authors: Prince LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.C. Edward E.
Published: April 2011

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THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ST. CROIX RIVER AND PASSAMAQUODDY BAY.
Authors: Bailey LL.D., Ph.D., F.R. L. W.
Published: April 2011

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I: Part I.: PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON THE SEA-LION QUESTION, 1915.
Authors: Newcombe Dr. Charles P. , Greenwood Wm. Hamar , Fraser Dr. C. McLean
Published: April 2011

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V: REARING SOCKEYE SALMON IN FRESH WATER.
Authors: Fraser Ph.D., F.R. C. McLean
Published: April 2011

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X: THE SMOKING OF "HADDOCKS" FOR CANADIAN MARKETS—AN INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED AT THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATION AT ST. ANDREW'S, N.B.
Authors: Patterson M.A., M.B. Miss Olive Gair
Published: April 2011

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XII: THE BACTERIOLOGY OF SWELLED CANNED SARDINES.
Authors: Saddler M.Sc., B.S.A. Wilfrid
Published: April 2011

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II.: Some Apparent Effects of Severe Weather on the Marine Organisms in the vicinity of Departure Bay, B. C.
Authors: Fraser C. McLean
Published: April 2011

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V.: Experimental Cultures of Diatoms occurring near St. Andrews, N.B.
Authors: Fritz B.A., M.Sc. Clara W.
Published: April 2011

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VI.: Contribution to the Biology of the Muttonfish, Zoarces anguillaris.
Authors: Clemens Lucy Smith , Clemens Wilbert A.
Published: April 2011

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VII.: Eastern Canadian Plankton.—The Distribution of the Tomopteridæ obtained during the Canadian Fisheries Expedition, 1914-1915.
Authors: Huntsman B.A., M.B., F.R.S.C. A. G.
Published: April 2011

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IX: An Investigation into the Rate of Putrefaction in the Commoner Food Fish caught in and around Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B.
Authors: Gross M.D. Louis
Published: April 2011

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XV: A New Genus and Three New Species of Algae from the Miramichi River, New Brunswick.
Authors: Klugh M.A. A. Brooker
Published: April 2011

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No. VIII: THE COMPOSITION OF LOBSTER MUSCLE
Authors: BOYD M.A. SADIE N.
Published: April 2011

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No. IX.: RESULTS OF THE HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION, 1920: I. THE FORAMINIFERA
Authors: CUSHMAN JOSEPH A.
Published: April 2011

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No. XII: LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BASED ON RESULTS OBTAINED AT THE BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF CANADA, 1901–1921.
Authors: HUNTSMAN A. G. , FRASER C. M.
Published: April 2011

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No. 1: A STUDY OF THE LUMPFISH (CYCLOPTERUS LUMPUS L.)
Authors: COX Ph.D. PHILIP , ANDERSON B.A. MARIAN
Published: April 2011

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No. 5: A NOTE ON THE RELATIVE CHLORINE, BROMINE AND IODINE CONTENT IN THE WATERS OF THE STRAIT OF GEORGIA, B.C.
Authors: CAMERON A. T.
Published: April 2011

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No. 12.: THE HYDROMEDUSÆ OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OF THE VANCOUVER ISLAND REGION.
Authors: FOERSTER R. EARLE
Published: April 2011

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No. 19: MARINE SPORE FORMING BACTERIA
Authors: NEWTON M.SC. DOROTHY E.
Published: April 2011

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No. 2: AN ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE DIATOMS OF CANADA SHOWING THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Authors: BAILEY LL.D., F.R.S.C. L. W.
Published: April 2011

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No. 5: LIMITING FACTORS FOR MARINE ANIMALS.: 2. RESISTANCE OF LARVAL LOBSTERS TO EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE
Authors: HUNTSMAN A. G.
Published: April 2011

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No. 8: A PATHOLOGICAL ANOMALOUS THYREOID IN THE BARN-DOOR SKATE (RAIA LÆVIS)
Authors: SCOTT W. C. M.
Published: April 2011

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No. 11: THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE SHAD (ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA (WILSON)) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FACTORS LIMITING ITS ABUNDANCE
Authors: Leim Ph.D. A. H.
Published: April 2011

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No. 13: THE DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN MARINE OSTRACODA IN THE CANADIAN WATERS OF THE EASTERN COAST.
Authors: Davidson B.A. Viola M.
Published: April 2011

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No. 17: NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CUNNER.: (Tautogolabrus adspersus Walbaum).
Authors: JOHANSEN FRITS
Published: April 2011

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No. 1: RESULTS OF THE HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION IN 1920: V: REPORT ON THE MARINE AMPHIPODS COLLECTED IN HUDSON AND JAMES BAYS, BY FRITS JOHANSEN IN THE SUMMER OF 1920
Authors: SHOEMAKER CLARENCE R.
Published: April 2011

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No. 7: DESCRIPTION OF A COPEPOD GILL-PARASITE OF PIKE-PERCHES IN LAKES OF NORTHERN QUEBEC, INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FREE-SWIMMING MALE AND OF SOME DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Authors: HENDERSON B.A. JEAN T.
Published: April 2011

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No. 8: OBSERVATIONS ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBRANIPORA VILLOSA HINCKS
Authors: O'DONOGHUE D.SC., F.Z.S., F.R. CHAS. H.
Published: April 2011

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No. 11: A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE OPHIURANS OF THE NANAIMO DISTRICT
Authors: BERKELEY ALFREDA
Published: April 2011

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No. 17: POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM THE NANAIMO DISTRICT: PART 3. LEODICIDAE TO SPIONIDAE
Authors: BERKELEY EDITH
Published: April 2011

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No. 19: THE IMMEDIATE POST MORTEM CHANGES IN FISH MUSCLE
Authors: MACLEOD J. J. R. , SIMPSON W. W.
Published: April 2011

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No. 22: SEX-RATIO IN CANADIAN MARINE FISHES
Authors: CRAIGIE PH.D. E. HORNE
Published: April 2011

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STUDIES ON MARINE WOOD BORERS: 1. THE TOXICITY OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON LIMNORIA LIGNORUM
Authors: WHITE F. D.
Published: April 2011

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STUDIES ON MARINE WOOD BORERS: II. THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL VARIATIONS IN SALINITY AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION UPON THE WOOD BORERS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF CANADA
Authors: WHITE F. D.
Published: April 2011

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STUDIES ON MARINE WOOD BORERS: III. A NOTE ON THE BREEDING SEASON OF BANKIA (XYLOTRYA) SETACEA IN DEPARTURE BAY, B.C.
Authors: WHITE F. D.
Published: April 2011

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THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF SMOKE (AS USED IN THE SMOKE-CURING OF FISH)
Authors: HESS M.A. ERNEST
Published: April 2011

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GROWTH OF THE SEA MUSSEL
Authors: COULTHARD H. S.
Published: April 2011

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REPORTS OF THE JASPER PARK LAKES INVESTIGATIONS, 1925-26 II. PLECOPTERA
Authors: NEAVE FERRIS
Published: April 2011

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STUDIES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE HADDOCK (MELANOGRAMMUS AEGLIFINUS LINNAEUS)
Authors: NEEDLER A. W. H.
Published: April 2011

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PACIFIC SALMON MIGRATION: REPORT ON THE STUDY OF THE SCALES OF THE SPRING SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWYTSCHA, TAGGED IN 1926 AND 1927 OFF THE WEST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: MOTTLEY CHARLES McC.
Published: April 2011

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TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE RATE OF DEATH OF THE MUSCLE IN RAJA ERINACEA (MITCHILL) AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: BATTLE HELEN I.
Published: April 2011

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THE AMOUNT OF "DRY MEAT" IN CANNED LOBSTER IN RELATION TO EXHAUSTING AND TO THE AGE OF THE CAN
Authors: HESS ERNEST
Published: April 2011

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A STUDY OF EUPOMOTIS GIBBOSUS (L.) AS OCCURRING IN THE CHAMCOOK LAKES, N.B.
Authors: REID HELEN
Published: April 2011

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SOME CUMACEA OF THE VANCOUVER ISLAND REGION
Authors: HART JOSEPHINE F. L.
Published: April 2011

Seventeen species of Cumacea are recorded from the Vancouver island region, of which only Diastylis bidentata Calman has been reported from this area. New distribution is given for Leucon fulvus Sars, Eudorella emarginata (Kröyer), Eudorellopsis biplicata Calman, Diastylis koreana Calman, D. paraspinulosa Zimmer, Leptostylis villosa Sars, Lamprops fuscata Sars, and L. quadriplicata S. I. Smith. The following species are described as new: Hemilamprops gracilis, Eudorella pacifica, E. tridentata, Diastylis pellucida, Lamprops carinata, L. serrata, Cumella vulgaris and Campylaspis rufa.
THE POST-EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON PANDALIDS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: BERKELEY ALFREDA A.
Published: April 2011

The paper deals with the post-embryonic development of the five most common pandalids in British Columbia, namely. Pandalus danae, Pandalus borealis, Pandalus hypsinotus, Pandalus platyceros, and Pandalopsis dispar, in greatest detail with the first species, with which the others are compared. The first stage of post-embryonic development was obtained for each species by hatching the eggs in the laboratory. Later larval stages were obtained from plankton collections, and all known stages were described and illustrated. All five species tend to be more fully developed on hatching than is normal for Caridea. The individuals of each species all undergo a change of sex, functioning first as males and later as females, the time spent in each phase varying in different species. Pandalus danae spends about eighteen months in the male phase, P. borealis and P. hypsinotus each spend about thirty months, while P. platyceros and Pandalopsis dispar are about forty-two months old before they begin to change to the female phase. The rate of growth is similar in all for the first summer, and then begins to vary. Differences in the rates of growth of the different species may partly be caused by variations in the rapidity with which they mature as males, and in the length of time spent in the male phase. Only for Pandalus danae has the rate of increase of weight been considered, and it was found to increase approximately as the cube of the length.
THE FOOD OF THE WHITEFISH COREGONUS CLUPEAFORMIS (MITCHILL) IN ONTARIO WATERS, WITH A NOTE ON THE PARASITES
Authors: HART JOHN LAWSON
Published: April 2011

A study of the food of whitefish from various localities shows that the whitefish is a bottom feeder, showing little selectivity, accepting the most abundant animal food in the locality. The diet for the first five years in one locality included considerable amounts of plankton. Whitefish eat little on the spawning migration but feed to some extent at least, during the winter.Ninety-five per cent of whitefish examined were parasitized by large numbers of the tape worms Cyathocephalus americanus or Ichthyotaenia laruei. A similar number were parasitized by a species of Echinorhynchus. Nematode parasites were found in fewer specimens and in smaller numbers. Crustacean parasites were comparatively rare.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY.: 2. REPORT ON THE HUDSON BAY FISHERIES EXPEDITION OF 1930: A. OPEN WATER INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE S.S. LOUBYRNE
Authors: HACHEY H. B.
Published: April 2011

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BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY.: 2. REPORT ON THE HUDSON BAY FISHERIES EXPEDITION OF 1930: B. Investigations at Churchill, Manitoba
Authors: Walker S. J.
Published: April 2011

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BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 3. HYDROIDS OF HUDSON BAY AND HUDSON STRAIT
Authors: FRASER C. MCLEAN
Published: April 2011

Collections made from 1927 to 1930 inclusive gave 29 species, making a total of 36 for the region, of which 10 are only in the bay and 12 only in the strait. Of the 36 species, none are new, all being generally distributed in northern waters. Two of them have not been listed in papers on North American hydroids. One of these, however, Hydractinia carica Bergh has been reported from Davis strait. The other species, Coryne vermicularis Hincks, has not been reported nearer than Shetland islands and Iceland.
A STUDY OF THE MAY FLIES (HEXAGENIA) OF LAKE WINNIPEG
Authors: NEAVE FERRIS
Published: April 2011

The economic status of the May flies (Hexagenia) of lake Winnipeg is discussed. The nymphs are particularly important as food for sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), light-backed cisco or tullibee (Leucichthys zenithicus), goldeye (Hiodon chrysopsis), and sauger (Lucioperca canadense). Two species are present in abundance, H. limbata occulta and H. rigida, but the former outnumbers the latter by a ratio of 7 to 1. Characters are given for the separation of all stages of these species and their habits are described. Eggs of occulta were hatched after artificial insemination. Later development of both species was followed by statistical measurements of nymphs secured at different seasons. The life cycle extends over two years. Sizes at which moults take place are indicated. Maximum growth is in August and is correlated with the amount of phytoplankton in the lake. No growth takes place in winter. The number of nymphs of occulta of 10 mm. and more is estimated at 62,000,000 per sq. kilometre in the southern part of the lake, and 93,000,000 in the neighbourhood of the Narrows. Corresponding estimates for rigida are 4,500,000 and 44,000,000. Both species are scarce or absent over a large area in the north part of the lake. H. occulta shows a 10 per cent, preponderance of females but is probably not parthenogenetic. Males and females of rigida occur in equal numbers. Parasites are noted, but are local in distribution. Occulta is of greater economic importance than is indicated by the numerical ratio between the two species.
A NEW BLENNY FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH RECORDS OF TWO OTHER FISHES NEW TO THE REGION
Authors: HUBBS CARL L. , SCHULTZ LEONARD P.
Published: April 2011

Allolumpenus (species hypochromus), a new genus most closely allied to Askoldia Pavlenko and Lumpenopsis Soldatov, but differing in having only one anal spine, a scaleless head and no vomerine teeth. Sebastodes wilsoni Gilbert and Lycodapus fierasfer, now first reported from British Columbia.
THE CESTODA OF CANADIAN FISHES: II. THE HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Authors: WARDLE ROBERT ARNOLD
Published: April 2011

The results are given of a survey of the cestode fauna of several thousand fishes representing thirty species common in the Hudson bay drainage system, particularly in the Hudson bay and in the larger lakes of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The survey yielded twelve species of adult and seven species of larval cestodes, ten of which were identical with European species, while seven were purely North American. The incidence of infection was high and the individual intensity was heavy. The highest incidence and heaviest intensity occurred among nektonic types such as Hiodon, Leucichthys, Esox, Lucioperca and Salvelinus. Benthonic forms such as Catostomus, Ameiurus, Lota, Acipenser and Coregonus, were found relatively free from infection.The North American species of Cyathocephalus and Diplocotyle are regarded as identical with the European species C. truncatus and D. Olrikii; the species C. americanus Cooper, and Bothrimonus intermedius Cooper are rejected. The triaenophorid common in the area is regarded as Triaenophorus tricuspidatus (Bloch), and two morphae are recognized, microdentatus and megadentatus, the latter equivalent to T. robustus (Olsson). Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper is regarded as comprising three sub-species, cuspidatus, hiodontos and luciopercae. The eubothriid cestode in Lota lota maculosa is regarded as identical with the European E. rugosum, but comprising two morphae, conformatus and deformatus. Two new species of Proteocephalus are described, namely coregoni from Coregonus atikameg, and luciopercae from Lucioperca vitreum.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MARINE PRODUCTS V. THE VITAMIN A CONTENT OF LING COD-LIVER OIL PRELIMINARY NOTE
Authors: BAILEY B. E.
Published: April 2011

The liver oil of the Pacific coast Ling cod has been examined for vitamin A by both biological and colorimetric methods. The oil is very rich in vitamin A, the least potent sample containing 20,000 rat units per gram.
STUDIES ON FURUNCULOSIS OF FISH IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: DUFF D. C. B. , STEWART BEATRICE J.
Published: April 2011

Investigation of a disease occurring among Rocky mountain whitefish in the Elk river, 1931, and among hybrid Pacific salmon in a retaining pond at Cultus lake, 1932, showed similar pathological features in each epizootic. An easily cultivable bacterium, producing a brown diffusible pigment on nutrient agar, was isolated in pure and in nearly pure culture from lesions of typical cases in each outbreak. Experimental inoculation into goldfish and chub have established the pathogenic nature of the microorganism, and its relationship to the lesions described. No bacterium corresponds in all cultural and biochemical features with Bacillus salmonicida Emmerich and Weibel. The disease in each locality presents the pathological picture typical of "furunculosis."
THE SURVIVAL TIME OF TISSUE KEPT AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
Authors: NICHOLLS J. V. V.
Published: April 2011

Strips of gastric muscle preserved at 0 °C., 5 °C., 10 °C., 15 °C., 20 °C., which had to be obtained under three vastly different conditions, had the same survival time. Thus at 0 °C. the survival time was 324 hours, at 5 °C. 132 hours, at 10 °C. 50 hours, at 15 °C. 38 hours, at 20 °C. 30 hours. Q10 between 20 °C. and 10 °C. equals 1.66, between 15 °C. and 5 °C. equals 3.47, and between 10 °C. and 0 °C. equals 6.48.
A CASE OF DRACONTIASIS IN PACIFIC COASTAL FISHES
Authors: KUITUNEN-EKBAUM E.
Published: April 2011

Philometra americana n.sp., a dracunculoid nematode, appears to be common in several Pacific shallow water fishes; in Platichthys stellatus and Lepidopsetta bilineata in the dorsal and ventral fins or subcutaneously in the opercular region and gill cavity in Epigeichthys atropurpureus and Pholis ornatus always in the head region; and in Caularchus maeandricus in the lateral walls of the body.
STRUCTURE AND REACTIONS TO STIMULI OF ARTERIES (AND CONUS) IN THE ELASMOBRANCH GENUSRAJA
Authors: BABKIN B. P. , BOWIE D. J. , NICHOLLS J. V. V.
Published: April 2011

Elastic and muscular types of arteries in R. diaphanes and stabuliforis, their structure and innervation, and their reaction to distension, temperature and sympatho- and parasympathomimetic drugs are described. The elastic type responds quickly to changes in distension. With rising temperature the circular muscle layer contracts to a maximal extent between 12 and 14 °C., but the longitudinal contracts only above 20 °C. The arteries of these elasmobranchs resemble the arteries of mammals in being contracted by adrenaline and barium chloride, but differ from them by being not relaxed, but contracted by acetylcholine. Atropine relaxes an artery contracted by acetylcholine. The rhythm of the spontaneous contractions of the conus arteriosus is greatly affected by distension and rise of the surrounding temperature, being increased in both instances.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MARINE PRODUCTS: VI. THE VITAMIN A POTENCY OF SALMON LIVER OIL
Authors: BAILEY B. E.
Published: April 2011

The vitamin A content of liver oils of five species of salmon in the genus Oncorhynchus has been determined. The richest samples contained 40 times, and the poorest twice as much vitamin A per gram as a sample of cod liver oil stated to contain 500 A.D.M.A. units per gram. Potencies of samples were in descending order: Skeena spring, Vancouver spring and sockeye, coho, pink and chum salmon. Oil content of the livers averaged 5 per cent and percentage of liver in the fish 2 per cent. The melting point, unsaponifiable matter and iodine value of the oils have been determined.
THE SLIME AND INTESTINAL FLORA OF SOME MARINE FISHES
Authors: GIBBONS NORMAN E.
Published: April 2011

A study was made of the slime and faeces of 43 fish, representing 11 marine species taken at Halifax, N.S., St. Andrews, N.B., and Woods Hole, Mass. Eighty species and varieties of bacteria were isolated, 22 from slime only, 14 from faeces only, and 44 from both slime and faeces. These have been identified as far as possible. In some cases, particularly in the genera Achromobacter and Flavobacteria, new groupings are suggested. Members of the genera Achromobacter, Micrococcus, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Eberthella and Proteus were represented, with the first two the most prominent. This study would indicate that the flora of the slime and faeces of marine fish is quite similar.
THE DENATURATION OF FISH MUSCLE PROTEINS BY FREEZING
Authors: FINN D. B.
Published: April 2011

The rate and extent of protein denaturation in frozen fish muscle juice have been determined. The extent of denaturation is greater at −2 °C., approximately 25 per cent, of the total protein being precipitated in 84 days. At lower temperatures denaturation diminishes at −20° C., only 3 per cent, protein being precipitated after 84 days. Hydrogen ion concentrations on the acid side of pH 5.8 (20°) lead to a marked increase and on the alkaline side to a marked decrease in denaturation. The amount of water appearing as ice when the juice is in equilibrium at various temperatures down to −9 °C. has been determined.
Physical and Biological Conditions in Heavily Fertilized Water
Authors: Smith M. W.
Published: April 2011

The physical and biological conditions in an experimental pond with concrete walls containing 33 cubic metres of water, initially fertilized with approximately 450 kg. (1000 lb.) of cow manure, were studied intermittently during four years. There was a large production of plankton, but it was subject to marked and sudden fluctuations, and the number of species found was not large. The fertilization caused extreme variations in the light conditions, oxygen content and pH value of the water.