bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive Selection at thePolyhomeoticLocus Led to Decreased Thermosensitivity of Gene Expression in TemperateDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Voigt Susanne , Laurent Stefan , Litovchenko Maria , Stephan Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Drosophila melanogaster as a cosmopolitan species has successfully adapted to a wide range of different environments. Variation in temperature is one important environmental factor that influences the distribution of species in nature. In particular for insects, which are mostly ectotherms, ambient temperature plays a major role in their ability to colonize new habitats. Chromatin-based gene regulation is known to be sensitive to temperature. Ambient temperature leads to changes in the activation of genes regulated in this manner. One such regulatory system is the Polycomb group (PcG) whose target genes are more expressed at lower temperatures than at higher ones. Therefore, a greater range in ambient temperature in temperate environments may lead to greater variability (plasticity) in the expression of these genes. This might have detrimental effects, such that positive selection acts to lower the degree of the expression plasticity. We provide evidence for this process in a genomic region that harbors two PcG-regulated genes, polyhomeotic proximal (ph-p) and CG3835. We found a signature of positive selection in this gene region in European populations of D. melanogaster and investigated the region by means of reporter gene assays. The target of selection is located in the intergenic fragment between the two genes. It overlaps with the promoters of both genes and an experimentally validated Polycomb response element (PRE). This fragment harbors five sequence variants that are highly differentiated between European and African populations. The African alleles confer a temperature-induced plasticity in gene expression, which is typical for PcG-mediated gene regulation, whereas thermosensitivity is reduced for the European alleles.
Toplu taşıma araçlarını kullanan sürücülerde tükenmişlik durumu: Kesitsel bir çalışma*
Authors: Tüzün Sabah , Uzuner Arzu , Öztürk Ahmet , Akman Mehmet
Published: April 2015

Amaç: Tükenmişlik sendromu özellikle insanlarla yoğun ilişki kurmayı gerektiren mesleklerdeki, iş yüküne bağlı olarak duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve düşük kişisel başarı hissini tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terimdir. Yoğun trafik içinde çalışan otobüs sürücülerinin her gün kalabalık insan topluluklarıyla karşılaştığı göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma koşullarının tükenmişliğe neden olabileceği düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’da çalışan otobüs sürücülerinde tükenmişlik düzeyini araştırmaktır.Yöntem: İstanbul Anadolu Yakası Garajı’na bağlı bölgelerde çalışan otobüs sürücülerine yönelik Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği uygulanarak yapılan kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Toplam 1879 sürücüden 396’sı çalışmaya alınmıştır. Anket formları Mart-Nisan 2008 tarihlerinde belediyenin (IETT) Anadolu yakası merkez garajında altı ana hatta çalışan sürücülere, her bölgede çalışan sürücü sayısı üzerinden tabakalandırılarak dağıtılmıştır. Tükenmişlik durumu duygusal bitkinlik, duyarsızlık ve düşük kişisel başarı olmak üzere üç alanda değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Anket formu ve ölçeğini toplam 396 otobüs sürücüsü doldurdu. Sürücülerin tamamı erkekti. Yaş ortancası 40,0 (27-59) olup; %96,6’ı evliydi, tamamının sosyal güvencesi bulunmaktaydı. Çalışma yılı 10 (1-32), çalışma saati 8 (8-12)/gün idi. %53,1’i dinlenmek için zaman bulabildiğini, %99.5’i haftada bir gün tatil günü olduğunu ifade etti. Katılımcıların temel problemlerinin sağlık, ekonomik ve sosyal güvenlik alanlarında olduğu saptandı. Ortanca değerleri sırasıyla duygusal tükenmişlik için 16 (0-36); duyarsızlık için 7 (0-20); kişisel başarı için 20 (0-32) puan bulundu.Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçları otobüs sürücülerinde tükenmişlik sendromunun olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu durum daha çok, sosyal güvencenin ve düzenli bir gelirin olmasına ve çalışılan kuruma duyulan güvenin iş stresini azaltmasına bağlanmıştır.
Koroner arter hastalarında bir risk belirleyicisi olarak hesaplanan serum osmolalite değeri
Authors: Demirci Hakan , Aydın Ufuk , Budak Yasemin Üstündağ , Çınar Yıldırım
Published: April 2015

Amaç: Serum osmolalitesi koroner arter hastalarında yükselebilir. Serum osmolalitesi etkileyen bazı faktörler koroner arter hastalığı için de risktir. Bu çalışmamızda koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü ile serum osmolalitesi arasındaki muhtemel ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Bu çalışma olgu kontrol deseninde planlanmıştır. Çalışma için, ardışık örnekleme yöntemi ile 45 yaş üzeri 141 olgu seçildi. Bunlardan, 61 olguda koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü vardı. Çalışma grubunda hastaların koroner arter hastalığı için raporu vardı ve hastalar bu rahatsızlık için tedavi görmekteydiler. Serum osmolalitesi uygun formül kullanılarak hesaplandı.Bulgular: Osmolalite (t= -4,209, p=0,000), açlık plazma glikozu (t= -2,606, p = 0.01) ve bel kalça oranı (t=-2,193, p=0,03) değerleri koroner arter hastalığı tanısı olan hastalarda istatistik olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre hesaplanmış osmolalite koroner arter hastalığı ile ilişkilidir.
Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Osseointegration: A Review
Authors: Gomes Francisco Isaac Fernandes , Aragão Maria Gerusa Brito , de Paulo Teixeira Pinto Vicente , Gondim Delane Viana , Barroso Francisco Cesar , Silva Antonio Alfredo Rodrigues e , Bezerra Mirna Marques , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on osseointegration and determine whether they cause failures in dental implants and whether patients who use them chronically can receive dental implants safely. A bibliographic electronic search was performed using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Medline databases, selecting articles published between January 1982 and December 2012. The search included the following keywords, either alone or combined: “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,” “dental implants,” “bone healing,” and “osteoprogenitor cells.” The inclusion criteria were the following: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, in vivo animal model studies of osseointegration, and in vitro studies of the effects of these agents on osteoprogenitor cells. The literature search revealed 360 references. A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 2 clinical trials, 20 animal studies, and 9 osteoprogenitor cell studies. The clinical trials revealed that cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors did not impair osseointegration. The animal studies showed that any drug that is capable of inhibiting COX-2 may impair the osseointegration process. The in vitro studies showed that COX-2 inhibitors are the most potent depressors of osseointegration at the cellular level. Caution must be taken when selecting COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the postoperative period.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS GESTORES DAS UNIDADES DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DO MUNICÍPIO DE ARACAJU/SE
Authors: Martins Flávia da Silva , E Silva Keity Magna , Nunes Paula Santos
Published: April 2015

Pesquisas evidenciam que o trabalho de gestor é um dos mais demandantes e com maiores propensões ao desencadeamento de diversas doenças como estresse, hipertensão arterial sistêmica dentre outros. Sendo assim, este estudo avaliou a qualidade de vida dos gestores das Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Aracaju/SE. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 40 gestores das 43 Unidades de Saúde da Família de Aracaju. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta foram uma ficha de identificação com dados como sexo, idade, doenças associadas, uso de medicamentos, dentre outros e o questionário de qualidade de vida Short-form 36 (SF36), que avalia oito domínios relacionados com a saúde física e mental. Toda a coleta foi realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da família com seus respectivos gestores. Dentre os resultados encontrados, observou-se 97,5% de prevalência do sexo feminino, 42,5% apresentaram queixa de episódios de transtorno de depressão ou ansiedade após a ocupação do cargo, 12,5% apresentaram a hipertensão arterial sistêmica como doença associada e 7,5% a gastrite. Além destes fatores, dos oito domínios avaliados no SF-36, três apresentaram pontuações médias abaixo de 70%, sugerindo que a qualidade de vida deste grupo tem sofrido pequenas alterações, o que pode acarretar em problemas futuros com dimensões maiores.
Universidad y Formación de profesionales de la Educación Social
Authors: De Guzmán Victoria Pérez , Bas-Peña Encarna
Published: April 2015

El presente artículo se centra en la Pedagogía Social como ciencia que fundamenta una profesión que es la Educación Social. La universidad debe garantizar el desarrollo de políticas sociales que garanticen cubrir las necesidades educativas de la ciudadanía. Desde las universidades españolas se oferta el Grado en Educación Social, título adaptado al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El ejercicio de los educadores y las educadoras sociales conlleva la idea de que la finalidad de sus acciones es el servicio directo a las personas, de manera individual y/o colectiva. Desde la universidad se forma a estos profesionales para la acción e intervención socioeducativa desde una perspectiva del aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, paradigma que se debe tener presente en todos los ámbitos de la educación social.
A educação social em Portugal: novos desafios para a identidade profissional
Authors: Delgado Paulo , Correia Fátima , Martins Teresa , Azevedo Sílvia
Published: April 2015

A Educação Social surge, em Portugal, devido sobretudo à exigência dos sistemas de proteção social. Enquanto profissão, a Educação Social realiza-se no âmbito das ciências da educação, enquadrada pela Pedagogia Social. A Educação Social desenvolve-se pela diversidade de categorias profissionais e de perfis de competências e áreas disciplinares. O reconhecimento da identidade profissional dos educadores sociais portugueses depende, ainda, da polivalência dos contextos de trabalho e populações com os quais interage. A sua identidade profissional deve evidenciar o compromisso educativo do seu trabalho social, que supera lógicas de ação assistencialistas e se centra em lógicas de desenvolvimento e capacitação dos sujeitos. Neste artigo, é dado destaque à Pedagogia Social, enquanto saber matricial de referência dos educadores sociais. A Pedagogia Social constitui-se como a ciência da Educação Social, conferindo-lhe a própria especificidade da profissão. Por outro lado, o exercício profissional da Educação Social requer dos seus profissionais uma formação rigorosa, inicial e contínua, de forma a incorporar novos saberes e posturas para se adaptar a novos desafios e realidades. A educação social deve ser capaz de acompanhar as políticas sociais, participando permanentemente na negociação do contrato social. Partindo destes pressupostos, é dado a conhecer alguns desafios que se colocam à Educação Social em Portugal.
Aproximaciones al campo de la Pedagogía Social en la Argentina
Authors: Redondo Patrícia Raquel
Published: April 2015

Este trabajo propone una aproximación a un conjunto de reflexiones sobre la conformación del campo de la pedagogía y educación social en la Argentina, sin pretensión de exhaustividad. Traza una línea larga respecto de los discursos sobre las infancias pobres y su nominación como menores en los inicios del siglo XX y su exclusión del dispositivo escolar para ser incluidos, ya desde el siglo XIX, como objeto de las primeras acciones sociales con rasgos benéficos. Se sitúa la relación entre lo social y lo educativo como una tensión que se produce en un campo de disputa. En la Argentina a partir del la crisis del 2001 con la caída de millones de personas en una situación de pobreza extrema, indigencia y exclusión, se produjo un estallido de experiencias educativas a cargo de diferentes actores sociales y políticos que superaron las fronteras del sistema escolar. La formalización de la carrera de Tecnicatura Superior en Pedagogía y Educación social por parte del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación abre una nueva etapa de consolidación de este campo en nuestro país todavía en construcción.
A atuação profissional e formação do educador social no Brasil: uma roda da conversa
Authors: Paiva Jacyara , Souza Cleia Renata Teixeira de , Natali Paula Marçal , Müller Verônica Regina , Bauli Regis Alan
Published: April 2015

A educação social no Brasil atualmente configura-se como uma área em expansão, foco de estudos e reflexões de diferentes grupos de estudos nas universidades e movimentos sociais. O presente artigo pretende através de uma roda de conversa com cinco autores/pesquisadores envolvidos com a Educação Social estabelecer diálogos sobre a atuação do Educador Social no Brasil a partir da contribuição reflexiva de cada um na história em construção desta área. A roda da conversa é orientada pelas categorias formação profissional do educador social, situação do educador social no Brasil, regulamentação profissional e métodos de avaliação da Educação Social. A roda da conversa buscou abrir possibilidades e continuidades de pensar sobre a área da educação social, apontando entre outros a necessidade da educação social estar contemplada nas políticas públicas de educação e de direitos humanos do Brasil.
Práctica profesional y formación del educador social en España
Authors: Estefanía Miguel Melendro , Oliva Ángel De-Juanas , Mendizábal María Rosario Limón
Published: April 2015

La Pedagogía Social es una de las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y humanas y es, también, una profesión social en la que el educador o educadora social es reconocida como figura y perfil profesional específico. Y es una importante área de especialización educativa en las universidades europeas. Este artículo aporta un análisis y describe las etapas de su desarrollo, centradas principalmente en el ámbito profesional y la formación del Educador Social en España. Esto lo aborda tanto desde la lógica disciplinar como desde la lógica profesional. Así mismo, aporta una reflexión sobre las competencias necesarias del Educador Social. El enfoque por competencias aparece con fuerza en el campo de la formación en la medida en que viene vinculado a las prácticas socioeducativas, al trabajo pedagógico de los problemas educativos en las diferentes situaciones y a los proyectos que desean materializar, los educadores, en sus espacios de trabajo.
RECOMENDAÇÕES MÉDICO-HIGIÊNICAS PARA O FUNCIONAMENTO DO INTERNATO (Século XIX)
Authors: Conceição Joaquim Tavares
Published: April 2015

Em teses doutorais, produzidas e publicadas no século XIX, médicos interessados na temática da higiene dos colégios acreditavam que a intervenção de seus conhecimentos seria capaz de ordenar higienicamente o espaço dos internatos. Para isso, procuraram intervir na organização do espaço e de determinadas práticas desses estabelecimentos, influenciando as famílias, diretores e professores dos colégios da necessidade de atentarem para a importância de diversas medidas higiênicas, visando à promoção do desenvolvimento físico, moral e intelectual dos pensionistas de colégio. Essas medidas eram divididass em prescrições sobre a organização do internato e cuidados específicos com a higiene dos pensionistas (cuidados e asseio do corpo, higiene da alimentação e higiene intelectual, física e moral). Uma preocupação muito recorrente era com o local apropriado para a instalação do colégio, que deveria ser distante de focos de infecções ou umidade, de preferência que fosse situado nos arrabaldes longe dos grandes centros de população, com a existência de arvoredo e de um rio próximo para o banho e natação dos internos. O edifício-internato modelo seria o que contivesse na sua divisão cozinha com todos os apetrechos, refeitório espaçoso, quartos de banhos, latrinas asseadas, dormitórios, vestiário, quarto para encarregados da vigilância, sala de estudo, sala de classes, desenho, escultura, música, gabinete de física, história natural e química, recreios, enfermaria, capela e ginásio aberto. Esses espaços deveriam ser higienicamente arejados e espaçosos, e todos eles, principalmente os dormitórios, com uma renovação de ar, ventilação, insolação e iluminação adequadas.
Os saberes matemáticos no parecer sobre a instrução pública primária de Rui Barbosa
Authors: Guimarães Marcos Denilson
Published: April 2015

No final do século XIX a educação preconizada pela escola era considerada a alavanca para o progresso, modernização e mudança social do país. A concepção de uma escola nova que visasse a formação de um novo homem colocou em debate, entre outras, questões relativas ao método e aos conteúdos de ensino. Nessa época e contexto, desponta a importante figura do intelectual brasileiro Rui Barbosa. Presente em diferentes momentos políticos e “campos de lutas”, Rui em sua defesa em prol da educação popular nos apresenta um parecer intitulado Reforma do ensino primário e várias instituições complementares da instrução pública (1883, vol. X, Tomo II) no qual analisa a situação do ensino brasileiro a partir do diagnóstico de outros países. Nesse sentido, tal documento foi examinado com o intuito de identificar que discurso é apresentado por Rui para o ensino dos saberes matemáticos e a defesa que foram feitas a partir deles. Consideradas matérias importantes para o nível elementar de ensino, os saberes geométricos, desenho e medidas elementares – taquimetria, ao que tudo indica, são apresentadas por Rui para atender a um discurso de modernidade, além de estarem fundamentalmente atreladas à formação das camadas populares, do futuro trabalhador e cidadão. O desenho ganha destaque especial por sua finalidade prática, pelo auxílio à escrita e a outros ramos do ensino. Sem esquecer da adoção da taquimetria entendida por ele como a concretização da própria geometria.
PERFORMANCE DATA AND CHOICE OF BIOREACTOR CONFIGURATION FOR PURIFICATION OF SMALL AGGLOMERATIONS WASTEWATER
Authors: ShUVALOV M. V , ShUVALOV R. M
Published: April 2015

The article presents a comparison of biological purification facilities performance data and its importance when choosing a particular bioreactor for wastewater purification in small aggregations. Critical analysis of professional literature has lead to the establishment of twelve technological advantages of submerged biofilters over aerotanks. It is shown that biodisks meet to the utmost the requirements for biological household wastewater purification in small aggregations.
MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF STATIONARY PROCESS OF INDIRECT INDUCTION LIQUID HEATING
Authors: DANILUShKIN V. A , RUBAN P. I , TAYMOLKIN A. Yu
Published: April 2015

The questions of mathematical modelling of indirect induction heating viscous oil in heaters and continuous optimization of the power distribution of internal heat sources on the criterion of maximum speed are analysed. It is similar to minimizing the length of the heater for the steady-state regimes of heating. The specificity of the heating of viscous fluids in indirect induction heating consists in the uneven distribution of liquid flow velocity in the cross section. proposed quasi-optimal algorithms for power distribution along the length of the heater in the form of a step function provide energy savings for heating when the technological demands of fidelity to the outlet temperature of the heater.
Severe Wear and Pseudotumor Formation Due to Taper Mismatch in a Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Koper M.C. , Mathijssen N.M.C. , Witt F. , Morlock M.M. , Vehmeijer S.B.W.
Published: April 2015

Case:

We describe the case of a seventy-six-year-old woman who had undergone bilateral total hip arthroplasty with Zweymüller-Metasul prostheses in 1996. After a fall sixteen years after the index procedures, radiographs suggested a taper fracture of the left total hip arthroplasty. However, revision surgery showed pseudotumor formation, with no evidence of taper fracture. Analysis of the prosthesis showed massive wear of the male stem taper caused by a mismatch between the stem taper and the head taper.

Conclusion:

This case vividly demonstrates how taper size mismatch can cause dramatic metal wear and increased release of metal ions, resulting in pseudotumor formation.
Role of Antibiotics and Infection-Host Interactions in the Prevalence of Respiratory Atopy: Experience and Perspective
Authors: Bakiri Alketa H. , Mingomataj Ervin Ç , Ibranji Alkerta
Published: April 2015

We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the prevalence of respiratory allergies during the last decades. The
role of infections in the prevalence of respiratory allergic diseases is attributed to the antagonism between: a) induction of
T helper (Th) 1 immune response by human organism; and b) manipulation of the human immune response toward Th2
profile by common infective agents in order to increase their surviving opportunity. This review proposes an important
role of massive antibiotics exposure during neonatal and early childhood on the increasing epidemiological trend. It is believed
that the antibiotics exposure during early childhood has also provided better surviving opportunity for atopic individuals
with an inadequate immune defense against common infections, deviating therefore the genetic background of
general population toward Th2 profile. Taking this into account, we suggest that Th2 profile frequency (and consequently
atopic phenotype prevalence) can be increased along an individual lifespan after initial massive antibiotic introduction,
until the entire population is exposed to them during childhood. This hypothesis may explain findings on epidemiological
surveys, which report a prevalent increase among adults in industrialized countries between 1970s and 2000s, while in recently-
developed countries this trend begun only at the end of 1980s. These arguments may lead to the conclusion that infections
will manipulate the human immunity along generations, whereas actual antibiotics can increase the prevalence of
respiratory allergies among a population only along an individual longevity. These findings may be beneficial in the development
of future strategies for management of respiratory allergic or infective pathologies.
Sputum Induction in Children and Adolescents with Problematic Severe Asthma: Success Rate, Safety and Tolerability
Authors: T. Ricci Cristiane de Abreu , F. Lasmar Laura Maria de Lima B. , Pitrez Paulo M. , F. Mascarenhas Raimundo , Camargos Paulo A. M.
Published: April 2015

Background:

In problematic severe asthma (PSA), inflammatory phenotypes can by identified by assessing cellularity
in induced sputum (IS) samples. However, there have been few studies employing sputum induction (SI) in pediatric
patients.

Objectives:

To assess the success rate, safety and tolerability of SI, as well as IS sample cellularity, in pediatric PSA patients.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 44 pediatric PSA patients. We collected IS samples using inhalations
of nebulized saline solution. On the basis of the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second
(FEV1, % of predicted), we administered nebulization with 4.5% hypertonic saline (for patients with an FEV1 ≥ 60%) or
0.9% isotonic saline (for those with an FEV1 < 60%). We classified IS samples as satisfactory if there was ≤ 20%
squamous cell contamination and cell viability was > 50%.

Results:

The observed success rate was 75% (95% CI: 60-86). Most of the patients provided satisfactory samples, although
multiple SI sessions were required in some cases (27%). In comparison with the IS samples containing > 20%
squamous cells, those containing ≤ 20% showed significantly more neutrophils (P = 0.02) and eosinophils (P = 0.03). The
most common adverse events were mild wheezing (in 14%) and salty taste (in 9%). In 8% of the sessions, there was a ≥
20% decrease in FEV1.

Conclusion:

In our sample of pediatric patients with PSA, sputum induction was safe and generally well tolerated, suggesting
that it could be useful in the assessment of inflammatory processes in such patients.
Effective Reuse of Electroplating Rinse Wastewater by Combining PAC with H2O2/UV Process
Authors: Yen Hsing Yuan , Kang Shyh‐Fang , Lin Chen Pei
Published: April 2015

This study evaluated the performance of treating electroplating rinse wastewater by powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, H2O2/UV oxidation, and their combination to remove organic compounds and heavy metals. The results showed that neither the process of PAC adsorption nor H2O2/UV oxidation could reduce COD to 100 mg/L, as enforced by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. On the other hand, the water sample treated by the combined approach of using PAC (5 g/L) pre‐adsorption and H2O2/UV post‐oxidation (UV of 64 W, H2O2 of 100 mg/L, oxidation time of 90 min), COD and DOC were reduced to 8.2 mg/L and 3.8 mg/L, respectively. Also, the combined approach reduced heavy metals to meet the effluent standards and to satisfy the in‐house water reuse criteria for the electroplating factory. The reaction constant analysis indicated that the reaction proceeded much more rapidly for the combined process. Hence, it is a more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly process.
Enrichment of AOB and NOB Population by Applying a BABE Reactor in an Activated Sludge Pilot Plant
Authors: Gatti Marcela N. , Giménez Juan B. , Carretero Laura , Ruano María V. , Borrás Luis , Serralta Joaquín , Seco Aurora
Published: April 2015

This paper deals with the effect of a bioaugmentation batch enhanced (BABE) reactor implementation in a biological nutrient removal pilot plant on the populations of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique showed that AOB and NOB populations were significantly enhanced, from 4 to 8% and from 2 to 9%, respectively, as a result of the BABE reactor implementation. Regarding AOB, the percentage of Nitrosomonas oligotropha was mainly increased (3 to 6%). Regarding NOB, Nitrospirae spp was greatly enhanced (1 to 7%). Both species are considered K‐strategist (high affinity to the substrate, low maximum growth rates) and they usually predominate in reactors with low ammonium and nitrite concentrations, respectively.
Fixed point of single-valued cyclic weak φF-contraction mappings
Authors: Moradi Sirous
Published: April 2015

Fixed point results are presented for single-valued cyclic weakly
?F-contractive mappings on complete metric spaces (X,d), where ?: [0,+?) ?
[0,+ ?) is a function with ?-1(0) = {0}, ?(t) < t for all t > 0 and ?(tn) ? 0
implies tn ? 0, and F:[0,+ ?) ? [0,+ ?) is continuous with F-1(0) = {0} and
F(tn) ? 0 implies tn ? 0. Our results extend previous results given by
Rhoades (2001)[20], Moradi and Beiranvand (2010)[13], Amini-Harandi (2010)[2]
and Karapinar (2011)[11].
Multi-valued Ciric contractions on metric spaces with applications
Authors: Hussain N. , Yasmin N. , Shafqat N.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, using the concept of w-distance, we obtain fixed point results
for multi-valued generalized w-contractive maps not involving the extended
Hausdorf metric. Presented theorems are generalizations of recent fixed point
theorems due to L.B. Cric [Nonlinear Analysis 71 (2009), 2716-2723], D. Klim
and D. Wardowski [ J. Math. Anal. Appl. 334 (2007), 132-139], Y. Feng and S.
Liu [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 317 (2006), 103-112], Latif and Abdou [Nonlinear
Analysis 74 (2011), 1436-1444 and Fixed Point Theory and Appl., Volume 2009
(2009) Article ID 487161, 8 pp.] and several others. As an application of our
results we establish common fixed point results for newly defined class of
Banach operator pairs.
COMMENTARY––The Public Interest Imperative in Corporate Sustainability Reporting Research
Authors: Nickell Erin Burrell , Roberts Robin W.
Published: April 2015

The United Nations, federal governments and their agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), shareholder activists, private sector standard setters, and academic researchers, as well as many others, are taking actions to improve corporations' accountability regarding the environmental and social impacts of their operations. These actions have helped propel a rapid increase in voluntary corporate sustainability reporting. Although the uptake in sustainability reporting has received a significant amount of support from relevant and respected organizations, academic and policy debates continue over whether voluntary corporate sustainability reports can monitor corporate activities effectively. While some researchers view these reports as signals of superior actions, others argue that they provide corporations with an opportunity to obfuscate their actual social and environmental performance through selective and incomplete disclosure strategies. The purpose of this commentary is to advocate for accounting researchers, regardless of their theoretical framework, research question, or method, to use a more inclusive definition of the public interest when performing corporate sustainability reporting research. We believe that a more inclusive public interest definition is required due to: (1) the broad impact of corporate social and environmental activities on global climate change and planetary sustainability; (2) a tendency for financial market accounting research to focus strictly on economic-based, potential corporate net benefits or costs derived from voluntary corporate sustainability reporting; and (3) the need to acknowledge the collective action problem inherent in developing policies dealing with corporate sustainable development activities and reporting. By using a more inclusive definition of the public interest in corporate sustainability reporting research, the accounting research community can contribute more positively to society's understanding of how well corporations are meeting and reporting on their significant public interest responsibilities related to the climate change consequences of their operations.
An Examination of the Effects of Managerial Procedural Safeguards, Managerial Likeability, and Type of Fraudulent Act on Intentions to Report Fraud to a Manager
Authors: Kaplan Steven E. , Pope Kelly R. , Samuels Janet A.
Published: April 2015

Only a fraction of employees who discover fraud report this information. Given the serious consequences of fraud, better understanding factors influencing individuals' intentions to report fraud, particularly to a non-anonymous recipient such as a manager, is important. We predict that reporting intentions to a manager will be influenced by attributes of the firm (e.g., whether managerial procedural safeguards are strong or weak), the report recipient (e.g., whether the manager is likeable or unlikeable), and the type of fraud (e.g., misappropriation of assets or fraudulent financial reporting). Results from this experimental study indicate that managerial likeability and the type of fraud, but not managerial procedural safeguards or the interaction with managerial likeability, significantly influence reporting intentions to a manager. We contend that participants are influenced by managerial likeability because it provides specific information about the manager and acts as a signal about how the manager will likely handle a fraud report. These results, consistent with previous research (Robinson, Robertson, and Curtis 2012), suggest that participants make stronger attributions to a person engaging in misappropriation of assets compared to a person engaging in fraudulent financial reporting. Implications of this study to the practitioner and academic communities are discussed.
Fresnel lens sidewall design for imaging optics
Authors: Fujii T. , Goulet A. , Hattori K. , Konno K. , Tanaka A. , Bosmans R. , Sawada M. , Yazawa H.
Published: April 2015

We developed a ray tracing simulation tool for imaging systems including a Fresnel lens with a quasi-arbitrary sidewall structure. One issue with Fresnel lens is that noise in the image plane can appear from rays passing through or reflected at its sidewalls. One way to reduce it is to modify the orientation of the sidewalls so that rays will not reach the image plane. To find the best sidewall orientations, we developed a method where locally, a sidewall can freely be oriented. We could then derive the best modulation scheme for each Fresnel lens sidewall. In the case of a single imaging Fresnel lens, relative parasite noise intensity could mostly be prevented. To experimentally check our method, snapshot images were taken with single Fresnel lenses and a single spherical lens. No noticeable differences in image quality could be observed using a standard C-MOS camera. However, parasite noise could experimentally be detected with a Fresnel lens prototype when using a very high-dynamic range C-MOS camera.
Automated characterization and quantification of hydrocarbon seeps based on frontal illuminated video observations
Authors: Boelmann J. , Zielinski O.
Published: April 2015

Hydrocarbon releases, either natural or due to anthropogenic activities, are of major relevance for the marine environment. In this work we specify our approach to quantify these seeps by subsea imaging utilizing camera systems and frontal illumination setups on board remotely operated vehicles. This work showcases, based on a campaign in the region west of Svalbard, improved methodological guidelines for the seep quantification operation together with a novel automated post-mission evaluation. The comparison of automated quantification with manual information extraction illustrates the efficiency of this new method while processing comparable estimates of seep characteristics.
Modeling of hot deformation behavior with dynamic recrystallization in TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Pu Chun Lei , Zhu Guo Hui , Tao Ying Long , Yang Shu Bao
Published: April 2015

Isothermal compression tests of TC4 titanium alloy over a temperature range of 973 K to 1123 K and strain rate range of 0.1 s−1 to 30 s−1 showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred under all deformation conditions. To model the flow stress taking into account the DRX behavior, the model was divided into two stages by the critical strain of DRX (∊c) calculated using the Poliak–Jonas method. The flow stress in the first stage with no DRX (∊ ≤ ∊c) was described by the Estrin–Mecking equation. The flow stress in the second stage with DRX (∊ > ∊c) was expressed by the interaction of work hardening, dynamic recovery, and DRX. The function relationship between the principal parameters in the flow stress model and the deformation conditions described by the Zener–Hollomon parameter was also analyzed. The prediction of the constructed flow stress model agreed well with the experimental results.
Microstructural characterization of nanostructured supersonic sprayed Ni–Sn coatings after wear tests at elevated temperature
Authors: Kusinski Jan , Kac Slawomir , Kowalski Kazimierz , Dubiel Beata , Dymek Stanislaw , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra , Dosta Sergi , Celis Jean-Pierre , Georgiou Emmanuel , Matteazzi Paolo
Published: April 2015

The paper presents results of the wear behavior, as well as the microstructural (scanning and transmission electron microscopy) and compositional (microanalysis with using energy dispersive and X-ray photon emission spectroscopy) characterization of nanostructured Ni-20Sn (wt.%) coatings, deposited on an Inconel 718 substrate by supersonic cold gas spraying at different spraying parameters. Coatings were examined in the as-deposited state and after testing in a linearly reciprocating sliding wear test at room temperature, 200, 400 and 550 °C. It was found that the Ni–Sn coatings exhibit superior wear resistance compared to benchmark materials. This is attributed to an appropriate balance of soft (Ni) and to hard (Ni3Sn – intermetallic) phases and to the nanostructure of the matrix, as well as to the presence of an NiO oxide tribo-layer, as revealed by the microanalysis and electron microscopy.
An experimental investigation into the effects of Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting mortar
Authors: Yang Jian , Mohseni Ehsan , Behforouz Babak , Khotbehsara Mojdeh Mehrinejad
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the effects of using Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting mortars are investigated. A fraction of Portland cement was replaced with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt.% of either Cr2O3 or ZnO2 nanoparticles, and 25 wt.% fly ash. The rheological properties of these mortars were determined through the mini-slump flow diameter and V-funnel flow time tests. The mechanical and durability characteristics were evaluated by compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, electrical resistivity and rapid chloride permeability tests. The microstructure of the mortars was assessed through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The inclusion of 2 wt.% Cr2O3 or 4 wt.% ZnO2 nanoparticles had the best result in compressive and flexural strength tests. Also, mixtures containing either 3 wt.% of Cr2O3 or 5 wt.% of ZnO2 nanoparticles obtained the best result in terms of durability. It can be deduced that the properties of these mixtures are significantly improved by the addition of Cr2O3 and ZnO2 nanoparticles.
A perfect storm: How tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change
Authors: Daly Bobby , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: April 2015

It is well known that there is a significant racial divide in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. African American women are less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than white women but are more likely to die from it. This review explores the factors that may contribute to the racial survival disparity. Consideration is paid to what is known about the role of differences in tumor biology, genomics, cancer screening, and quality of cancer care. It is argued that it is the collision of 2 forces, tumor biology and genomics, with patterns of care that leads to the breast cancer mortality gap. The delays, misuse, and underuse of treatment for African American patients are of increased significance when these patients are presenting with more aggressive forms of breast cancer. In the current climate of health care reform ushered in by the Affordable Care Act, this article also evaluates interventions to close the disparity gap. Prior interventions have been too narrowly focused on the patient rather than addressing the system and improving care across the continuum of breast cancer evaluation and treatment. Lastly, areas of future investigation and policy initiatives aimed at reducing the racial survival disparity in breast cancer are discussed. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 221–238. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Suicide and Schizophrenia
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Ali Mohammad
Published: April 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22893 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014
Efficacy of using Intravaginal Misoprostl in mid-trimester missed abortion
Authors: Naher Salma , Begum Kohinoor , Hakim Maksumul
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Termination of missed abortion in the second trimester by suction evacuation is more traumatic than in early pregnancy. Misoprostl is effective in first and second trimester abortions. Vaginal route being superior to oral. Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of vaginal Misoprostl in the management of second trimester missed abortion. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of Obstretrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2004 to December 2004. A total 50 missed abortion patients were randomly selected. After required investigations Tab Misoprostol 200 ug was introduced per vagina in the posterior fornix which was repeated every four hours. The incidence of complete expulsion and side effect was examined. The patient who did not respond to Misoprostol, Oxytocin infusion was given to them after 6 hours of the last doses of Misoprostol. If the patient failed to respond, surgical evacuation was attempted. Ultrasonogram was done after 12 hours to confirm complete abortion. Results: Among the 50 cases 38 (76%) had gestation age within the range of 13?24 weeks. Twenty five (50%) cases required only Misoprostol for expulsion of product of conception with range of 1?4 doses. Eight (16%) required misoprostol with oxytocin drip & 17 (34%) required surgery even after misoprostol & oxytocin. The induction-expulsion interval of 25 (50%) cases was 11±4 in 25 women who were given Tab Misoprostol only. Forty three (86%) had no side effects & well-tolerated with the drug. Only Misoprostol is 09 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 required in gestational age group of 21?24 weeks (64.3%) & 25?28 weak (66.7%). Misoprostol was successfully used in most Nulliparous women (64.7%) & Primiparous women (42.9%). Conclusion: The second trimester missed abortion termination by srgical evacuation is traumatic and complications are more. If Tab Misoprostol proves safe and effective a large number of patients will be benefited and will escape from surgical intervention and complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22897 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014
Dexmedetomedine-Ketamine versus Propofol-Ketamine as anaesthetic agents in paediatric cardiac catheterization
Authors: Ali Nadeem Parvez , Kanchi Muralidhar , Singh Sanjeev , Prasad Apoorva , Kanase Naseema
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Anaesthesia for these patients undergoing for interventional procedures in paediatric patients with congenital cardiac anomalies remains a challenge for the anaesthesiologist. There are no specific techniques to follow and anaesthetic procedure is modified according to the cardiac anomalies, clinical condition of the patients and the cardiologists requirements. Basically the anaesthesiologist can either provide sedation or general anaesthesia. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the sedation level, haemodynamic effects and recovery patterns in paediatric patients undergoing sedation for cardiac catheterization either with dexmedetomidine-ketamine or propofol-ketamine combination. Materials & Methods: Sixty patients between the ages of 1 to 12 years were scheduled for cardiac catheterization at Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory of Narayana Hrudayalaya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India for a period of six months (April to September 2012) for evaluation and intervention of congenital heart disease. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each. All patients were premedicated with intravenous midazolam (0.05mg/kg upto 2 mg) and glycopyrrolate (10 ?g/kg) 5 minutes before the procedure and anaesthesia was induced with ketamine 1mg/kg. The dexmedetomidine-ketamine group (group D, n=30), received dexmedetomidine 1?g/kg over 10 minutes. 19 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 Propfol-ketamine group (group P, n=30) received 50?g/kg/min of propofol by infusion. Heart rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure ( SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and modified Steward score of all patients was recorded at baseline, after induction and every 10 minutes thereafter. The time to reach a modified Steward score of >or=6 was recorded. Results: Recovery time was significantly less in group P (mean 39±12.32mins) than in group D (mean 48±15.15mins). Statistical significant difference (p<0.05) was found between group D and P regarding systolic blood pressure (64.48 ± 11.21mmHg vs 56.06 ± 10.13mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (40.08 ± 8.00 mmHg vs 35.05 ± 6.64 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (48.32 ± 8.34 mmHg vs 42.39 ± 7.98 mmHg). For maintenance less additional ketamine was required in group D (22.76±11.87mg) than group P (25.10±20.73mg) but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Clinical outcome of both groups was similar and there was no significant difference in the recovery patterns and haemodynamic status and hence it is concluded that either of the techniques is suitable for children undergoing catheterization and interventional procedures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22898 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014
Thrombocytopenia in Malaria- a retrospective study
Authors: Giti Susane , Rahman Md Mizanur , Islam Md Saiful , Saad Ahmed Fayezi Bin , Bhuiyan Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Malaria is usually associated with low blood cell counts and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is a common association. The cause of thrombocytopenia is poorly understood, but the immune-mediated lysis, sequestration in the spleen and diminished platelet production by the bone marrow have all been postulated. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the degree of thrombocytopenia in patients suffering from malaria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), over a period of one-year from January 2012 to December 2012. A total 81 cases of malaria parasite positive on peripheral blood film were studied by full blood counts (FBC) with automated haematology analyzer Sysmex 1800i. Thick and thin smears were stained with Giemsa and Leishman stains and examined by haematologist. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 10.0. Results: Out of 81 patients, all were male. Mean age was 24.3 years (Mean+2SD:24.3±10.7) with a range of 23-42 years. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 61(75.3%) cases, P. vivax in 16 (19.8%) and mixed infection in 04 (4.9%) cases. Haemoglobin values in patients of malaria with thrombocytopenia and without thrombocytopenia were 10.8±3.2 g/dl and 12.2±2.6 g/dl respectively. White blood cell counts in patients with and without thrombocytopenia were 6.2±4.3X109/L and 9.3±5.2X109/L respectively. 25 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 1 (June) 2014 Out of 81 patients, 23 (28.4%) had normal platelet counts, and 58 (71.6%) had thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts in patients with malaria with and without thrombocytopenia were 48.1±25.3X109/L and 199±45.4X109 respectively. The mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia were found in 44 (75.9%), 09 (15.5%) and 05 (8.6%) cases respectively. Platelet counts of <20X109/L were noted in only 8.6% cases of falciparum malaria and none in vivax malaria. Conclusion: The study found high frequency of mild to moderate thrombocytopenia in the Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. Although thrombocytopenia is uncommon in malaria, its presence is not a distinguishing feature between the two types. Finding of thrombocytopenia in a patient with fever is of diagnostic help as it raises the suspicion of malaria. Thrombocytopenia of <20X109/L can occur in P. vivax malaria although it is statistically more common with P. falciparum malaria. The above findings can have therapeutic implications in context of avoiding unnecessary platelet infusions with the relatively benign course in P. vivax malaria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22899 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014