bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slavery as an Industrial System
Authors: Nieboer Herman Jeremias
Published: October 2011

First published in 1900, this systematic analysis of slavery in primitive societies from an ethnographical and economic viewpoint by Dutch scholar Herman Nieboer (1873–1920) brought him international fame. The first part defines what he means by slavery, and then examines how slavery has been practised at different periods and in all parts of the world. In the second part, Nieboer analyses this mass of information from ethnographical literature to derive an underlying theory of slavery, and the economic conditions necessary for it to function. Discussing the different types of early societies - hunters, nomads and agriculturists - Nieboer shows how the presence or absence of slavery can be closely linked to economic conditions. The book was a key work in the study of early slavery, particularly as Nieboer concentrates on primitive cultures rather than on the ancient and classical world most studied previously, and covers a worldwide geographical area.
Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton
Authors: Brewster David
Published: October 2011

Sir David Brewster (1781–1868) was a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, and writer of international reputation. His biography of Sir Isaac Newton, published in 1855 and reissued in 1860, was the result of over twenty years' research, undertaken while publishing hundreds of scientific papers of his own. Brewster made use of previously unknown correspondence by Newton, and his own scientific interests, particularly in optics, meant that he was able to understand and explain Newton's work. It covered the many facets of Newton's personality and work, remaining the best available study of Newton for over a century. Brewster reveals much about the science of his own time in his handling of earlier centuries, and as a cleric was obviously uncomfortable about the evidence of Newton's unorthodox religious views and alchemical studies. Volume 1 covers the period up to about 1700, and includes disputes with Leibniz over the development of calculus.
The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844
Authors: Engels Friedrich
Published: October 2011

Frederich Engels (1820–1895) was a German businessman and political theorist renowned as one of the intellectual founders of communism. In 1842 Engels was sent to Manchester to oversee his father's textile business, and he lived in the city until 1844. This volume, first published in German in 1845, contains his classic and highly influential account of working-class life in Manchester at the height of its industrial supremacy. Engels' highly detailed descriptions of urban conditions and contrasts between the different classes in Manchester were informed from both his own observations and his contacts with local labour activists and Chartists. Extensively researched and written with sympathy for the working class, this volume is one Engels' best known works and remains a vivid portrait of contemporary urban England. This volume is reissued from the English edition of 1892, which was translated by noted social activist Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky (1859–1932).
Lives of the Queens of Scotland and English Princesses
Authors: Strickland Agnes , Strickland Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

Agnes Strickland (1796–1874) and her sister Elizabeth collaborated on many biographical projects. They were pioneering historical biographers and key figures in the development of women's history. Writing from a female perspective, they included coverage of domestic matters that male historians had previously ignored. Although much of the work is Elizabeth's, she preferred to avoid publicity and her sister Agnes appeared as the sole author. This eight-volume series (originally published between 1850 and 1859) was the sequel to their hugely popular Lives of the Queens of England and allowed Agnes to indulge her passionate interest in Mary, Queen of Scots, to whom Volumes 3–7 are devoted. Volume 3 (1852) covers Mary's birth, her childhood at the French court and her return to Scotland in 1561. Thoroughly researched and referenced, it describes both the personal and political aspects of Mary's early life.
Biographia Navalis
Authors: Charnock John
Published: October 2011

John Charnock (1756–1807) was a professional naval biographer and historian. After completing his studies at Trinity College, Oxford, he joined the Navy as a volunteer and began to research historical and contemporary naval affairs. This six-volume work, first published between 1794 and 1798, contains biographies of over two thousand post-captains and admirals who served in the Navy between 1660 and 1793. Charnock researched this monumental project using collections of historical naval biographies made available by his friend Captain William Locker, lieutenant-governor of Greenwich Hospital. He also drew on his own experiences and his contacts among serving officers to provide valuable insights into contemporary events. However, his sometimes uncritical approach to sources means his work is best consulted together with other evidence. The biographies are arranged by year of first appointment, and alphabetically within each year. Volume 5 contains biographies of officers appointed between 1740 and 1746.
Recollections of Forty Years
Authors: Lesseps Ferdinand de
Published: October 2011

The French diplomat and engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805–1894) was instrumental in the successful completion of the Suez Canal, which reduced by 3000 miles the distance by sea between Bombay and London. This two-volume memoir, written towards the end of his life and dedicated to his children, was published in this English translation in 1887. In it, de Lesseps describes his experiences in Europe and North Africa. He includes reflections on European and colonial history and politics, an essay on steam power, and a report on the 1879 Paris conference that led to a controversial and abortive early attempt by a French company to build the Panama Canal. Volume 2 focuses on the Suez project, quoting extensively from de Lesseps' correspondence, and also contains facts and figures relating to the 'interoceanic canal', political essays, and the speeches for his inauguration into the Académie française.
The Suez Canal
Authors: Lesseps Ferdinand de
Published: October 2011

In the early 1850s the French diplomat and engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805–1894) revived earlier French plans to build a canal through the Isthmus of Suez. He saw the immense benefits such a canal would bring, reducing by 3000 miles the distance by sea between Bombay and London, and he was instrumental in its successful completion. These letters, published in this English translation in 1876, show how De Lesseps persuaded the Viceroy of Egypt to allow construction, and how he overcame opposition from Britain and Turkey. Letters to the Viceroy, Emperor Napoleon III, Members of Parliament, diplomats, and politicians throughout Europe, together with more personal letters to his wife, all illustrate his resolute determination to see his project succeed. This is an invaluable source, not only on the canal, but also on the politics of the major powers and European attitudes towards the Middle East and its people.
Correspondence of Josiah Wedgwood
Authors: Wedgwood Josiah
Published: October 2011

Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795) was a master potter who pioneered the industrialisation of pottery manufacture during the early Industrial Revolution. His experimental work on ceramics resulted in many innovations in the production and decoration of pottery. This three-volume work, edited by his great-granddaughter Katherine Eufemia Farrer and published between 1903 and 1906, contains Wedgwood's letters to his business partner Thomas Bentley (1730–1780) and others. Wedgwood's highly successful partnership with Bentley is credited with the expansion and development of Wedgwood's reputation across Europe. The letters cover the years 1762 to 1794 and provide a lively account both of the growth of the business partnership and of Wedgwood's domestic life. Wedgwood maintained a keen interest in current affairs, and these volumes provide a fascinating glimpse into the society and domestic life of the late eighteenth century. Volume 3 covers 1781–1794.
The Elements and Practice of Rigging, Seamanship, and Naval Tactics
Authors: Steel David
Published: October 2011

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His publications focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques. This influential four-volume work, first published in 1794, was the first comprehensive English manual of best naval practice. Designed for aspiring young officers, it established Steel's reputation as a publisher. The book describes theoretical and practical aspects of masts, rigging, and sails, and the science of sailing. The combination of practical advice supported by scientific and mathematical explanations and numerous illustrations provides valuable insights into British seamanship during the Napoleonic wars. Volume 4, reissued here in the 1807 edition, explains how to perform standard manoeuvres including anchoring, mooring, getting under sails, and tacking, as well as naval skills such as chasing and boarding other vessels.
English Seamen in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: October 2011

James Anthony Froude (1818–1894) was one of the foremost historians in Victorian England, famous for his controversial 1884 biography of Thomas Carlyle (also to be reissued in this series), and for many works on England during the Reformation period. In 1892 Froude was appointed Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford. This volume, first published posthumously in 1895, contains a series of lectures on the English navy in the sixteenth century which he gave at Oxford between 1893 and 1894. Informed by Froude's earlier research on the Reformation, the lectures focus on key leaders and events, as well as exploring the relationship between the growth of the English navy and the Reformation, and the role of Sir John Hawkins in exposing the Ridolfi plot to overthrow Elizabeth I. They provide many insights into the close connection between the court of Elizabeth I and the development of the navy.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone
Authors: Morley John
Published: October 2011

Morley's authorised biography of Gladstone (1809–1898) was published in 1903, and is a landmark of political biography. Four times Liberal Prime Minister between 1868 and 1894, Gladstone had left an enormous archive of letters, papers and diaries, which Morley (1838–1923), himself a noted Liberal politician and writer, spent five years distilling into three volumes. Although many other biographies and editions have since been published, Morley's work is still valuable for his use of primary sources, especially for the earlier part of Gladstone's career. Morley avoids overt party bias, but is understandably discreet in his treatment of more recent political events. He also ignores more private aspects of his subject's life and, as an agnostic, did not empathise with Gladstone's strong religious convictions. Volume 1 covers Gladstone's education, his election as a Tory, his first period as Chancellor of the Exchequer and his move towards the Liberals in 1859.
The Creators of the Age of Steel
Authors: Jeans William Tulloch
Published: October 2011

William Tulloch Jeans (1848–1907) was a parliamentary journalist with an interest in economics and technology. This book was first published in 1884, and comprises biographies of six men whom Jeans believed to have made significant contributions to the development of modern steel technology. The Bessemer process revolutionised steel-making, reducing the cost and allowing steel to replace the much more brittle iron in civil engineering projects such as bridges. Siemens' regenerative furnace allowed much more fuel-efficient manufacture of steel. Sir Joseph Whitworth developed a method of producing stronger steel by removing blowholes in the ingots. Sir John Brown's rolled steel was used in almost all the British navy's armour-plated ships. The work of Sidney Gilchrist Thomas and George Snelus on reducing phosphorus content in steel meant low-grade ores could be used. The combined researches of these men transformed modern industrial and engineering methods.
Analyzing Schubert
Authors: Clark Suzannah
Published: October 2011

When Schubert's contemporary reviewers first heard his modulations, they famously claimed that they were excessive, odd and unplanned. This book argues that these claims have haunted the analysis of Schubert's harmony ever since, outlining why Schubert's music occupies a curiously marginal position in the history of music theory. Analyzing Schubert traces how critics, analysts and historians from the early nineteenth century to the present day have preserved cherished narratives of wandering, alienation, memory and trance by emphasizing the mystical rather than the logical quality of the composer's harmony. This study proposes a new method for analyzing the harmony of Schubert's works. Rather than pursuing an approach that casts Schubert's famous harmonic moves as digressions from the norms of canonical theoretical paradigms, Suzannah Clark explores how the harmonic fingerprints in Schubert's songs and instrumental sonata forms challenge pedigreed habits of thought about what constitutes a theory of tonal and formal order.
A Journey Through the Kingdom of Oude in 1849–1850
Authors: Sleeman W. H.
Published: October 2011

Sir William Henry Sleeman (1788–1856) was a British soldier and administrator in India. While serving as Resident at the court of the King of Oude in Lucknow he travelled around the kingdom and made reports to the Governor-General regarding its proposed annexation by the East India Company. His letters and diaries reveal him as a capable and just administrator, who was at pains to weigh all the evidence for and against annexation, and who believed that reform of the existing administration would be possible. Sleeman described the kingdom of Oude as suffering from maladministration, lawlessness and corruption, but he stressed that illegal annexation would lead to resentment and rebellion. This book, containing Sleeman's account of his journey and a selection of private correspondence, was originally published in Lucknow in 1852; this reissue reproduces the 1858 London edition. Volume 1 covers the first six weeks of Sleeman's tour.
A Journey Through the Kingdom of Oude in 1849–1850
Authors: Sleeman W. H.
Published: October 2011

Sir William Henry Sleeman (1788–1856) was a British soldier and administrator in India. While serving as Resident at the court of the King of Oude in Lucknow he travelled around the kingdom and made reports to the Governor-General regarding its proposed annexation by the East India Company. His letters and diaries reveal him as a capable and just administrator, who was at pains to weigh all the evidence for and against annexation, and who believed that reform of the existing administration would be possible. Sleeman described the kingdom of Oude as suffering from maladministration, lawlessness and corruption, but stressed that illegal annexation would lead to resentment and rebellion. This book, containing Sleeman's account of his journey and a selection of private correspondence, was originally published in Lucknow in 1852; this reissue reproduces the 1858 London edition. Volume 2 discusses the social and economic condition of the kingdom.
An Indian Glossary
Authors: Roberts T. T.
Published: October 2011

T. T. Roberts, an East India Company lieutenant attached to a native regiment, published this glossary in 1800 to assist those newly arrived in India. Roberts was one of the first to produce such a guide to Indian terms which had entered into common use among the English in India, rather than materials to help Europeans to learn Indian languages properly, as the East India Company's Fort William College in Calcutta, founded in the same year, intended. English did not become the dominant language of administration until the 1830s, and even then many Indian and Persian words continued to be widely used. Arranged alphabetically, Roberts' glossary contains over one thousand entries, from personal names and titles to terms relating to food, drink, trade, law and religion. It is a valuable source of information on colonial Indian history, geography and society, with explanations of names, places, and the status of different castes.
The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs
Authors: Thompson Silvanus Phillips
Published: October 2011

The mathematician and physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (1824–1907) was one of Britain's most influential scientists, famous for his work on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and for devising the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature. Silvanus P. Thompson (1851–1916) began this biography with the co-operation of Kelvin in 1906, but the project was interrupted by Kelvin's death the following year. Thompson, himself a respected physics lecturer and scientific writer, decided that a more comprehensive biography would be needed and spent several years reading through Kelvin's papers in order to complete these two volumes, published in 1910. Volume 2, beginning in 1871, covers not only Kelvin's mature research, but also more personal aspects of his life, including his love of music and sailing, his experiments with compasses and navigation, and the relationship between his scientific discoveries and his religious beliefs.
Science and a Future Life
Authors: Myers Frederic William Henry
Published: October 2011

Frederic William Henry Myers (1843–1901) was a classical scholar who in mid-career turned to the investigation of psychic phenomena. After studying, and later teaching, Classics at Trinity College, Cambridge he resigned his lectureship in 1869, became an inspector of schools, and campaigned for women's higher education. With the encouragement of former colleagues he began a scientific investigation of spiritualism and related phenomena, and in 1882 he helped to found the Society for Psychical Research. This volume, first published in 1893, is a collection of essays that Myers had previously published in journals. Their topics include Charles Darwin's religious beliefs, the capacity of contemporary scientific methods to investigate the existence of the soul after death, and an unusual interpretation of Alfred Tennyson's poetry. These fascinating essays show how Myers engaged with the scientific developments and intellectual currents of his time as he developed his theory of the 'subliminal self'.
The Night Side of Nature
Authors: Crowe Catherine
Published: October 2011

The novelist and children's author Catherine Crowe (c.1800–1876) published The Night Side of Nature in two volumes in 1848. This lively collection of ghostly sketches and anecdotes was a Victorian best-seller and Crowe's most popular work. Sixteen editions appeared in six years, and it was translated into several European languages. The stories are intertwined with Crowe's own interpretations and commentaries which attack the scepticism of enlightenment thought and orthodox religion. Crowe seeks instead to encourage and re-invigorate a sense of wonder and mystery in life by emphasising the supernatural. The stories in Volume 1 centre on dreams, psychic presentiments, traces, wraiths, doppelgängers, apparitions, and imaginings of the after-life. Crowe's vivid tales, written with great energy and imagination, are classic examples of nineteenth-century spiritualist writing and strongly influenced other authors as well as providing inspiration for later adherents of ghost-seeing and psychic culture.
Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions
Authors: Hibbert Samuel
Published: October 2011

In this book of 1825, Samuel Hibbert (1782–1848) attempts to uncover the physical or physiological causes which might account for claims of seeing ghosts and other apparitions. Hibbert trained as a doctor, and uses anecdotal and case-study evidence to show that external physical circumstances - such as the use of stimulants, brain inflammation, hallucination during fever, or alcohol withdrawal - are most likely to be the causes of apparent sightings of supernatural phenomena. He explores the power of suggestion, whether derived from superstitions, folk tales or biblical imagery, on the imagination of the impressionable. Using the idea that the train of thought can be stimulated or depressed, and that different levels of semi-consciousness can admit of different levels of contemplation and concentration, Hibbert hypothesises that for each apparition or ghostly spectre there is a rational explanation.
Salt Production and Social Hierarchy in Ancient China
Authors: Flad Rowan K.
Published: October 2011

This book examines the organization of specialized salt production at Zhongba, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the Three Gorges of China's Yangzi River valley. Rowan K. Flad demonstrates that salt production emerged in the second millennium BCE and developed into a large-scale, intense activity. As the intensity of this activity increased during the early Bronze Age, production became more coordinated, perhaps by an emergent elite who appear to have supported their position of authority by means of divination and the control of ritual knowledge. This study explores evidence of these changes in ceramics, the layout of space at the site and animal remains. It synthesizes the data retrieved from years of excavation, showing not only the evolution of production methods, but also the emergence of social hierarchy in the Three Gorges region over two millennia.
Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth
Authors: Playfair John
Published: October 2011

John Playfair (1748–1819) was a Scottish mathematician and geologist best known for his defence of James Hutton's geological theories. He attended the University of St Andrews, completing his theological studies in 1770. In 1785 he was appointed joint Professor of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1805 he was elected Professor of Natural Philosophy. This highly influential book, first published in 1802, contains Playfair's clarification and summary of Hutton's geological concepts. Playfair concisely explains Hutton's theories on erosion and geothermal heat in rock formation and the concept of uniformitarianism in geology, illustrating these theories with his own precise observations on different types of rock strata. The clarity of Playfair's explanations was instrumental in popularising Hutton's geological theories, many of which are now recognised as key principles of modern geology. Playfair's strident defence of Hutton's ideas formed part of a controversial debate between Hutton's supporters and his detractors.
Caxtoniana
Authors: Lytton Edward Bulwer
Published: October 2011

In 1849 Edward Bulwer Lytton published the popular novel The Caxtons, about an eccentric family who claimed descent from the printer William Caxton. Its hero, Pisistratus Caxton, was named as the author of two subsequent works, My Novel (1853) and What Will He Do With It? (1859), which were less successful. Bulwer Lytton was referring to those novels when he named this two-volume collection of literary and philosophical essays Caxtoniana, first published in 1863 and here reprinted from the 1864 edition. They were the result of his wide reading on scientific, philosophical and occult subjects which he made use of in several of his works, particularly the supernatural A Strange Story (1862). Many of the essays in Caxtoniana deal with morality and the artist, others with literary style, psychology, politics and readership. Lytton claimed that these subjects were expressed in the form of romance in the 'Caxton' novels.
Physical Theory of Another Life
Authors: Taylor Isaac
Published: October 2011

The philosopher and literary author Isaac Taylor (1787–1865) published this book anonymously in 1836. The work is a development of two earlier works: Saturday Evening (1832) and Natural History of Enthusiasm (1829), all three attempts to provide a philosophy to deal with the major problems and spiritual questions of the day. The popularity of Physical Theory led to Taylor relinquishing his previous anonymity. The work is a religious and philosophically speculative exploration of the possible paths of knowledge to information regarding the future existence of human beings. Taylor believed that knowledge of the human physical constitution could be used to conjecture information about the modes of human eternal life and eternity's scheme of moral duties. The work was very popular among contemporaries and offers today an important insight into Victorian intellectual life. It is a rich source for historians of nineteenth-century religious philosophy.
Travels in the Mogul Empire
Authors: Bernier François
Published: October 2011

The first English version of Bernier's 1670 work since its initial translation from the French in 1672, Irving Brock's 1826 edition vastly improved his predecessor's work. François Bernier (1625?–1688) trained as a physician at Montpellier and left France for Syria in 1654, travelling to Egypt and finally to India ('Hindustan'), where he spent twelve years as the court physician to the Great Mogul Aurangzeb. Celebrated and influential, his Travels shaped European opinions and knowledge of India. Volume 2 details religious practices, the Great Mogul's journey to Kashmir, and many other topics, concluding with an appendix of north Indian history and a chronology of its rulers. Including Brock's interventions to relate the narrative to imperial Britain, this work will be of interest to scholars of post-colonialism, of early modern travel and of Asian and European encounters.
Note on the Historical Results Deducible from Recent Discoveries in Afghanistan
Authors: Prinsep Henry Thoby
Published: October 2011

Henry T. Prinsep (1792–1878) was the son of a prominent East India Company servant, and like his father, Prinsep also spent much of his life in the East. He left Britain for Calcutta in 1809, at the age of seventeen, and stayed in India, working in a variety of roles, until his retirement in 1843. His brother James also lived in India and was a prominent scholar. Upon the latter's death in 1840, Prinsep found himself in possession of his brother's coin collection and a notebook, which became the basis of this work, published in 1844. Prinsep explains that the coins – which have inscriptions in both Greek and unknown languages – are valuable evidence of Alexander the Great's famous expedition to the east in the fourth century BCE. Prinsep also includes extensive illustrations of the coins, offering a fascinating view of an important archaeological discovery.
A Guide to Hands-on MEMS Design and Prototyping
Authors: Kubby Joel A.
Published: October 2011

Whether you are a student taking an introductory MEMS course or a practising engineer who needs to get up to speed quickly on MEMS design, this practical guide provides the hands-on experience needed to design, fabricate and test MEMS devices. You will learn how to use foundry multi-project fabrication processes for low-cost MEMS projects, as well as computer-aided design tools (layout, modeling) that can be used for the design of MEMS devices. Numerous design examples are described and analysed, from fields including micro-mechanics, electrostatics, optical MEMS, thermal MEMS and fluidic MEMS. There's also a final chapter on packaging and testing MEMS devices, as well as exercises and design challenges at the end of every chapter. Solutions to the design challenge problems are provided online.
Computational Logic and Human Thinking
Authors: Kowalski Robert
Published: October 2011

The practical benefits of computational logic need not be limited to mathematics and computing. As this book shows, ordinary people in their everyday lives can profit from the recent advances that have been developed for artificial intelligence. The book draws upon related developments in various fields from philosophy to psychology and law. It pays special attention to the integration of logic with decision theory, and the use of logic to improve the clarity and coherence of communication in natural languages such as English. This book is essential reading for teachers and researchers who may be out of touch with the latest developments in computational logic. It will also be useful in any undergraduate course that teaches practical thinking, problem solving or communication skills. Its informal presentation makes the book accessible to readers from any background, but optional, more formal, chapters are also included for those who are more technically oriented.
A General History of the Science and Practice of Music
Authors: Hawkins John
Published: October 2011

Sir John Hawkins (1719–1789), lawyer, friend of Samuel Johnson and member of the Academy of Ancient Music, published his pioneering five-volume history in 1776 just after the first volume of Burney's. Hawkins' work suffered badly in the resulting competition between the two, partly because of his difficult personality, partly because of the scholarly style of the writing contrasting with Burney's more engaging approach. However, it is Hawkins' accuracy and attention to detail, his appreciation of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century music and his account of London music society in the early eighteenth century, supported by his painstaking research, which makes the History of indispensable value to music scholars. Whilst there are neither contents list nor chapter headings, there is an index, and each volume includes generous illustrations and musical examples. Volume 1 includes a Preliminary Discourse, the development of music notation, plainchant and the music treatises of Arezzo and Boethius.
A General History of the Science and Practice of Music
Authors: Hawkins John
Published: October 2011

Sir John Hawkins (1719–1789), lawyer, friend of Samuel Johnson and member of the Academy of Ancient Music, published his pioneering five-volume history in 1776 just after the first volume of Burney's. Hawkins' work suffered badly in the resulting competition between the two, partly because of his difficult personality, partly because of the scholarly style of the writing contrasting with Burney's more engaging approach. However, it is Hawkins' accuracy and attention to detail, his appreciation of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century music and his account of London music society in the early eighteenth century, supported by his painstaking research, which makes the History of indispensable value to music scholars. Whilst there are neither contents list nor chapter headings, there is an index, and each volume includes generous illustrations and musical examples. Volume 2 includes music of the troubadours, measured notation, modes, organum, the rise of polyphony and Glarean's Dodecachordon.
A General History of the Science and Practice of Music
Authors: Hawkins John
Published: October 2011

Sir John Hawkins (1719–1789), lawyer, friend of Samuel Johnson and member of the Academy of Ancient Music, published his pioneering five-volume history in 1776 just after the first volume of Burney's. Hawkins' work suffered badly in the resulting competition between the two, partly because of his difficult personality, partly because of the scholarly style of the writing contrasting with Burney's more engaging approach. However, it is Hawkins' accuracy and attention to detail, his appreciation of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century music and his account of London music society in the early eighteenth century, supported by his painstaking research, which makes the History of indispensable value to music scholars. Whilst there are neither contents list nor chapter headings, there is an index, and each volume includes generous illustrations and musical examples. Volume 3 looks at the music of the Reformation, the English madrigalists and the rise of opera and oratorio.
The Greville Memoirs
Authors: Greville Charles Cavendish Fulke
Published: October 2011

Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville (1794–1865) was one of the most important English political and social diarists. Clerk to the Privy Council for over forty years, he mixed with all the great political names of the day, including Wellington, Melbourne, Palmerston and Peel. Greville was fascinated by people, and a great collector of information, believing that 'there is always something to be learned from everybody if you touch them on the points they know'. Greville always intended his diaries to be published after his death. They appeared in eight volumes between 1874 and 1887, and form an important historical source for the first half of the nineteenth century. Volume 2 begins with the funeral of George IV, and concentrates largely on the disputes surrounding the passing of the Reform Bill. It also includes debates on the state of Ireland in the 1830s.
The Greville Memoirs
Authors: Greville Charles Cavendish Fulke
Published: October 2011

Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville (1794–1865) was one of the most important English political and social diarists. Clerk to the Privy Council for over forty years, he mixed with all the great political names of the day, including Wellington, Melbourne, Palmerston and Peel. Greville was fascinated by people, and a great collector of information, believing that 'there is always something to be learned from everybody if you touch them on the points they know'. Greville always intended his diaries to be published after his death. They appeared in eight volumes between 1874 and 1887, and form an important historical source for the first half of the nineteenth century. Volume 4 begins with the accession of Queen Victoria. Domestic politics were still unsettled, leading to calls for the repeal of the Corn Laws. There were continued troubles in Ireland, and also war with China over the opium trade.
The Greville Memoirs
Authors: Greville Charles Cavendish Fulke
Published: October 2011

Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville (1794–1865) was one of the most important English political and social diarists. Clerk to the Privy Council for over forty years, he mixed with all the great political names of the day, including Wellington, Melbourne, Palmerston and Peel. Greville was fascinated by people, and a great collector of information, believing that 'there is always something to be learned from everybody if you touch them on the points they know'. Greville always intended his diaries to be published after his death. They appeared in eight volumes between 1874 and 1887, and form an important historical source for the first half of the nineteenth century. Volume 5 begins with the election of 1841, and includes war in Afghanistan and continuing political trouble in Ireland. The volume continues to the end of 1846, and includes the fall of Sir Robert Peel over the Corn Law Bill.
A Geographical Survey of Africa
Authors: MacQueen James
Published: October 2011

James MacQueen (1778–1870) was a British geographer and also one of the most outspoken critics of the methods of the British anti-slavery campaign in the 1820s and 1830s. Although he never visited Africa, he became an acknowledged expert on the continent, through reading all available accounts, ancient and modern, as well as interviewing slave merchants while managing a sugar plantation in the West Indies. This work was published in 1840, and was aimed at assisting the expansion of colonial trading interests. In the preface he is critical of the efficacy of British attempts to eradicate the slave trade, and also of the ill-preparedness and often fatal ignorance of many explorers. He believed that with better information and planning, European involvement in Africa could be much more effective, and that the slave trade could be better reduced by the work of missionaries and by increased trade than by military intervention.
A Diary in America
Authors: Marryat Frederick
Published: October 2011

Captain Frederick Marryat (1792–1848) was a distinguished naval officer, today best remembered as a novelist (particularly of stories for children), often drawing on his own experiences. He also edited a radical journal, and wrote non-fiction, including an attack on press-gangs, which damaged his career. He spent 1837 and 1838 travelling in North America, publishing his impressions in this unstructured six-volume 'diary' in 1839. He states that the number of contradictory and often trivial accounts of American life being published made him want to see the New World for himself. He found it impossible to make generalisations, given the size of the country and the different origins of new arrivals, and did not believe America would become a nation for many years. Volume 3 contains 'remarks' on topics including the American navy, the institution of slavery, and the place of religion in American society.
A Diary in America
Authors: Marryat Frederick
Published: October 2011

Captain Frederick Marryat (1792–1848) was a distinguished naval officer, today best remembered as a novelist (particularly of stories for children), often drawing on his own experiences. He also edited a radical journal, and wrote non-fiction, including an attack on press-gangs, which damaged his career. He spent 1837 and 1838 travelling in North America, publishing his impressions in this unstructured six-volume 'diary' in 1839. He states that the number of contradictory and often trivial accounts of American life being published made him want to see the New World for himself. He found it impossible to make generalisations, given the size of the country and the different origins of new arrivals, and did not believe America would become a nation for many years. Volume 6 includes remarks on Canada and on Native Americans.
The United Nations Secretariat and the Use of Force in a Unipolar World
Authors: Zacklin Ralph
Published: October 2011

The end of the Cold War appeared to revitalise the Security Council and offered the prospect of restoring the United Nations to its central role in the maintenance of international peace and security. Between the Gulf War of 1990 and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the UN Secretariat found itself in the midst of an unprecedented period of activity involving authorised and unauthorised actions leading to the use of force. In this 2010 book Ralph Zacklin examines the tensions that developed between the Secretariat and member states, particularly the five permanent members of the Security Council, concerning the process and content of the Council's actions in the Gulf War, Bosnia, Kosovo and the Iraq War as the Secretariat strove to give effect to the fundamental principles of the Charter.
Input–output measures for model reduction and closed-loop control: application to global modes
Authors: Barbagallo Alexandre , Sipp Denis , Schmid Peter J.
Published: October 2011

Feedback control applications for flows with a large number of degrees of freedom require the reduction of the full flow model to a system with significantly fewer degrees of freedom. This model-reduction process is accomplished by Galerkin projections using a reduction basis composed of modal structures that ideally preserve the input–output behaviour between actuators and sensors and ultimately result in a stabilized compensated system. In this study, global modes are critically assessed as to their suitability as a reduction basis, and the globally unstable, two-dimensional flow over an open cavity is used as a test case. Four criteria are introduced to select from the global spectrum the modes that are included in the reduction basis. Based on these criteria, four reduced-order models are tested by computing open-loop (transfer function) and closed-loop (stability) characteristics. Even though weak global instabilities can be suppressed, the concept of reduced-order compensators based on global modes does not demonstrate sufficient robustness to be recommended as a suitable choice for model reduction in feedback control applications. The investigation also reveals a compelling link between frequency-restricted input–output measures of open-loop behaviour and closed-loop performance, which suggests the departure from mathematically motivated ${\mathscr{H}}_{\infty } $-measures for model reduction toward more physically based norms; a particular frequency-restricted input–output measure is proposed in this study which more accurately predicts the closed-loop behaviour of the reduced-order model and yields a stable compensated system with a markedly reduced number of degrees of freedom.
Melting and dissolving of a vertical solid surface with laminar compositional convection
Authors: Wells Andrew J. , Worster M. Grae
Published: October 2011

We consider laminar compositional convection of buoyant melt released by ablation of a vertical solid surface into a two-component fluid. Asymptotic solutions are used to describe separate cases: the ablation rate is either controlled by thermal transport, corresponding to melting, or by solutal transport, corresponding to dissolution. Melting is faster and generates a stronger flow than dissolving. We determine the temperature and solute concentration conditions leading to either melting or dissolving and find that these conditions do not vary with the strength of the buoyancy that drives convective flow.
Sums of Dilates in Groups of Prime Order
Authors: PLAGNE ALAIN
Published: October 2011

We obtain a first non-trivial estimate for the sum of dilates problem in the case of groups of prime order, by showing that if t is an integer different from 0, 1 or −1 and if ⊂ ℤ/pℤ is not too large (with respect to p), then | + t ⋅ | is significantly larger than 2|| (unless |t| = 3). In the important case |t| = 2, we obtain for instance | + t ⋅ | ≥ 2.08 ||−2.
Drop-on-demand drop formation of polyethylene oxide solutions
Authors: Yan Xuejia , Carr Wallace W. , Dong Hongming
Published: October 2011

The dynamics of drop-on-demand (DOD) drop formation for solutions containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been studied experimentally. Using a piezoelectrical actuated inkjet printhead with the nozzle orifice diameter of 53 μm, experiments were conducted for a series of PEO aqueous solutions with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 1000 kg/mol, polydispersity from 1.02 to 2.5, and concentrations from 0.005 to 10 wt. %. The addition of a small amount of PEO can have a significant effect on the DOD drop formation process, increasing breakup time, decreasing primary drop speed, and decreasing the number of satellite drops in some cases. The effects depend on both molecular weight and concentration. At lower molecular weights (14 and 35 kg/mol), the effect of PEO over the dilute solution regime is insignificant even at concentrations large enough that the solution does not fall in the dilute regime. As PEO molecular weight increased, the effects became significant. For monodispersed PEO solutions, breakup time and primary drop speed closely correlated with effective relaxation time but not for polydispersed PEO. Effective relaxation time depended greatly on molecular weight distribution. Viscosity-average molecular weight, used in calculating effective relaxation time for polydispersed PEO solutions, did not adequately account for high molecular fractions in the molecular weight distribution of the polydispersed PEOs. A mixture rule was developed to calculate the effective relaxation times for aqueous solutions containing mixtures of monodispersed PEO, and breakup times and primary drop speeds correlated well with effective relaxation times. For our experiments, DOD drop formation was limited to Deborah number ≲ 23.
Nitrogen deep accepters in ZnO nanowires induced by ammonia plasma
Authors: Huang Rui , Xu Shuigang , Guo Wenhao , Wang Lin , Song Jie , Ng Tsz-Wai , Huang Jianan , Lee Shuit-Tong , Du Shengwang , Wang Ning
Published: October 2011

Nitrogen doping in ZnO nanowires was achieved through ammonia plasma treatment followed by thermal annealing. The strong dependence of the red light emission from the nanowires excited by 2.4 eV on the nitrogen concentration, suggests that the red light emission originates from nitrogen related defects. The mechanism responsible for the red light emission is in good agreement with the deep-acceptor model of nitrogen defects, clarifying that nitrogen atoms caused deep accepters in ZnO nanowires. Based on this model, the enhanced green emission from defects in nitrogen-doped samples (excited by 325 nm line) can be well explained by the increase of the concentration of activated oxygen vacancies resulting from the compensation of nitrogen deep acceptors.
Ionization wave propagation on a micro cavity plasma array
Authors: Wollny Alexander , Hemke Torben , Gebhardt Markus , Peter Brinkmann Ralf , Boettner Henrik , Winter Jörg , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Xiong Zhongmin , Kushner Mark J. , Mussenbrock Thomas
Published: October 2011

Microcavity plasma arrays of inverse pyramidal cavities fabricated on p-Si wafers act as localized dielectric barrier discharges. When operated at atmospheric pressure in argon and excited with high voltage at 10 kHz, a strong interaction between individual cavities is observed leading to wave-like optical emission propagating along the surface of the array. This phenomenon is numerically investigated. The computed ionization wave propagates with a speed of 5 km/s, which agrees well with experiments. The wave propagation is due to the sequential drift of electrons followed by drift of ions between cavities seeded by photoemission of electrons by the plasma in adjacent cavities.
Highly efficient excitation and detection of whispering gallery modes in a dye-doped microsphere using a microstructured optical fiber
Authors: François Alexandre , Rowland Kristopher J. , Monro Tanya M.
Published: October 2011

A technique for the excitation of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) has been demonstrated using a dye-doped microsphere positioned onto the tip of a suspended core microstructured optical fiber. With this configuration, we have shown that both the excitation and collection efficiency of the WGMs modulated fluorescence spectra of the dye are greatly improved compared to a more conventional excitation scheme; an overall efficiency increase by a factor of 200 is demonstrated. It is also shown that positioning the resonator onto the fiber tip does not impact its sensitivity, providing a compact and robust architecture for applications such as localized in-vivo/vitro biosensing.