bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical and Clinical Trial Results Using Talazoparib and Low-Dose Chemotherapy
Authors: Wainberg Zev A. , Singh Arun S. , Konecny Gottfried E. , McCann Kelly E. , Hecht J. Randolph , Goldman Jonathan , Chmielowski Bartosz , Finn Richard S. , O'Brien Neil , Von Euw Erika , Price Megan M. , Martinez Diego , Yonemoto Lisa , Brennan Meghan , Glaspy John A. , Slamon Dennis J.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

On the basis of preclinical data, we hypothesized that low doses of chemotherapy (10% of therapeutic doses) with full dose of a PARP inhibitor could have improved efficacy and tolerability.

Patients and Methods:

In this phase I dose-escalation study, patients with BRCA-normal advanced malignancies were assigned to either talazoparib/temozolomide or talazoparib/irinotecan. Talazoparib was dose-escalated from 500 mcg to 1 mg daily before dose escalation of temozolomide/irinotecan. The starting dose of temozolomide was 25 mg/m2/day orally on days 1 to 5 and irinotecan was 25 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 1 and 15. The primary objectives of this trial were safety and tolerability, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and maximum tolerated dose (MTD).

Results:

Of 40 patients enrolled, 18 (mean: 7 prior therapies) were enrolled in talazoparib + temozolomide and 22 in talazoparib + irinotecan. DLTs were hematologic in both arms, but all hematologic adverse events resolved with either treatment interruption and/or dose reductions of talazoparib. The MTDs were talazoparib 1 mg + temozolomide 37.5 mg/m2 and talazoparib 1 mg + irinotecan 37.5 mg/m2. There were four partial responses in the talazoparib + temozolomide arm and five in the talazoparib + irinotecan arm for a response rate of 23% (9/40). The pharmacokinetic profiles of talazoparib + temozolomide/irinotecan were similar to that of talazoparib monotherapy. Responses were seen independent of homologous recombination (HR) status and HR deficiency score.

Conclusions:

These results show that talazoparib with low-dose temozolomide or irinotecan is reasonably well tolerated and demonstrates clinical activity in a wide range of cancers. Randomized trials of talazoparib with or without low-dose chemotherapy are ongoing in small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer.
Molecular Profile Changes in Patients with Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pre- and Post-Abiraterone/Prednisone Treatment
Authors: Sicotte Hugues , Kalari Krishna R. , Qin Sisi , Dehm Scott M. , Bhargava Vipul , Gormley Michael , Tan Winston , Sinnwell Jason P. , Hillman David W. , Li Ying , Vedell Peter T. , Carlson Rachel E. , Bryce Alan H. , Jimenez Raphael E. , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Kohli Manish , Wang Liewei
Published: September 2022

We identified resistance mechanisms to abiraterone acetate/prednisone (AA/P) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the Prostate Cancer Medically Optimized Genome-Enhanced Therapy (PROMOTE) study.

We analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing data from 83 patients with metastatic biopsies before (V1) and after 12 weeks of AA/P treatment (V2). Resistance was determined by time to treatment change (TTTC).

At V2, 18 and 11 of 58 patients had either short-term (median 3.6 months; range 1.4–4.5) or long-term (median 29 months; range 23.5–41.7) responses, respectively. Nonresponders had low expression of TGFBR3 and increased activation of the Wnt pathway, cell cycle, upregulation of AR variants, both pre- and posttreatment, with further deletion of AR inhibitor CDK11B posttreatment. Deletion of androgen processing genes, HSD17B11, CYP19A1 were observed in nonresponders posttreatment. Genes involved in cell cycle, DNA repair, Wnt-signaling, and Aurora kinase pathways were differentially expressed between the responder and non-responder at V2. Activation of Wnt signaling in nonresponder and deactivation of MYC or its target genes in responders was detected via SCN loss, somatic mutations, and transcriptomics. Upregulation of genes in the AURKA pathway are consistent with the activation of MYC regulated genes in nonresponders. Several genes in the AKT1 axis had increased mutation rate in nonresponders. We also found evidence of resistance via PDCD1 overexpression in responders.

Implications:

Finally, we identified candidates drugs to reverse AA/P resistance: topoisomerase inhibitors and drugs targeting the cell cycle via the MYC/AURKA/AURKB/TOP2A and/or PI3K_AKT_MTOR pathways.
Factors Affecting Teachers’ Turnover: Basis for a Proposed Retention Program
Authors: Santiago Noland , Santos Teresita , Centeno Ana Kristina Santiago
Published: September 2022

The significant role of education in human development is universally recognized. More than anybody else in the education sector, teachers play a vital role in the development of an individual. However, it becomes a tremendous struggle for the school administrators on how they can retain their teachers, especially those whose services are much needed. This study determined the possible factors that cause the high teachers' turnover, which can be used as a basis for the retention program among faculty members. Thirty-seven (37) teachers from three different schools were given a survey questionnaire to determine the factors that affected their decision to leave the academic institution. The descriptive research design was utilized for this study. The study yielded the following findings which showed why teachers decided to leave the school where they work. The personal factors were considered to a moderate extent, with the change of environment most impactful. Likewise, the institutional factors also affected the teachers’ turnover to a moderate extent, mostly because the opportunities for training are limited. Finally, the psychological factors got the least impact on the teachers’ turnover, with demoralization and insecurities they felt from colleagues as the very impactful. Based on the result of the study, a retention program was deemed necessary and was proposed by the researcher.
Collective Efficacy and Co-Teaching Relationships in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Pizana Ruby F.
Published: September 2022

Co-teaching is becoming prevalent in meeting the needs of students with disabilities in the general education classroom. Co-teachers face more challenges in collaboration, relationships, and defining roles. Collective teacher efficacy is the shared belief that a team of co-teachers can make a positive difference in student achievement and school culture. This quantitative study aims to assess the teachers' self-efficacy and the collective efficacy of the co-teaching team to develop cohesive and working relationships to benefit students in inclusive middle classrooms in a suburban school district in the United States. Bandura’s (1977) social cognitive theory and efficacy as a set of proximal determining factors of teachers’ affect and actions theoretically framed the study. The research questions used focused on understanding the kinds of things that create challenges for teachers. Also, they considered the combination of the current ability, resources, and opportunities for teachers and the co-teaching team. The data from the instruments were collected, categorized, and tabulated for interpretation and analysis. The findings show correlated efficacy factors in student engagement, instructional practices, and classroom management. The results recommended for same planning time, collaboration, and understanding of shared roles of the co-teaching team.
The Tricky Concept of ‘Educational Equity’ – In Search of Conceptual Clarity
Authors: Edgar Stephen
Published: September 2022

Within the social sciences, the term equity has a helpful and precise meaning – referring to a differentiated response to an individual’s distinct needs or circumstances. However, since the 2000s ‘equity’ has been recontextualised within national and international education policymaking as a generic term. This recontextualisation has led to ‘equity’ being used uncritically to refer to a range of related, and sometimes contradictory, concepts. This article draws on the literature to identify five framings of ‘educational equity’ within recent policy. It suggests that only one of these – which emphasises responsiveness to individual needs or characteristics – has clear conceptual alignment with the core principle of equity. The others either relate more strongly to the principle of equality or emphasise the tracking and measurement of outcomes. This article highlights the need for conceptual clarity to ensure the principle of equity is a helpful one in informing research, policy, and practice.
Palleptoceridae fam. nov., an extinct leptoceroid family in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Authors: WICHARD WILFRIED , MÜLLER PATRICK
Published: September 2022

The family Palleptoceridae fam. nov. is proposed as a new extinct family of the superfamily Leptoceroidea. It is characterized by the absence of ocelli, the presence of five-segmented maxillary palps in both sexes, antennae longer than the forewings, and the tibial spur in the form of 2/4/4. The extinct Palleptoceridae is closely related to the leptoceroid family Leptoceridae, but the formula for the adult tibial spur is reduced from 2/4/4 to 2/2/4 (Morse, 1981). The Palleptocerus grimaldii sp. nov. from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is furthermore characterized by the sexual dimorphic wing venation. In the forewings, the apical forks I and V are present in the male and forks I, III, and V in the female; in the hind wings of both sexes, exclusively the apical fork V is present. The Leptoceroidea originated and evolved in Gondwana. Palleptocerus grimaldii sp. nov. is interpreted as a relict species of the Gondwanan Leptoceroidea in Burmese amber.
Taxonomic significance of seed and leaf micromorphology in Saponaria (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: ERDİR MELTEM , ATAŞLAR EBRU
Published: September 2022

The seed and leaf structures of some species belonging to the genus Saponaria (Caryophyllaceae) were examined using SEM. These species were: S. calabrica, S. dalmasii (endemic), S. glutinosa, S. halophila (endemic), S. karapinarensis (endemic), S. kotschyi (endemic), S. mesogitana, S. officinalis, S. orientalis, S. pamphylica (endemic), S. picta (endemic), S. pinetorum var. elatior (endemic), S. prostrata subsp. anatolica (endemic), S. prostrata subsp. calvertii, S. prostrata subsp. prostrata (endemic), S. pumilio, and S. tridentata. The results obtained show that the micromorphology of the seed are useful to distinguish the studied species. Four groups can be distinguished using the number of seed per capsule. In addition, the shape of the seed, microsculpture, shape and margin of testa cells were found as important characteristics to identify the various species. Leaf anatomy reveals that trichome type and mesophyll symmetry define significant differences between the studied species.
Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent
Authors: DÍAZ JIMÉNEZ PEDRO , DÖTTERL STEFAN , FUCHS ROMAN , HENTRICH HEIKO , PÉREZ-FARRERA MIGUEL ÁNGEL , PADILLA VEGA JOSÉ , AGUILAR-RODRÍGUEZ PEDRO A.
Published: September 2022

In Mexico, the mostly neotropical genus Spathiphyllum is represented by twelve species, including only one species for the state of Tabasco. A detailed review of herbarium specimens, and material collected and cultivated from different locations in Tabasco, allowed us to conclude that S. cochlearispathum does not occur in Tabasco, and that specimens from different populations identified as S. cochlearispathum correspond to two different species. Here, we describe and illustrate S. maldonadianum and S. wilfridianum, two new species from Tabasco, Mexico, one of which is critically endangered. We also provide data on the composition of the floral scent of both species and their phenology.
Goniurosaurus wangshu sp. nov., a new species of Tiger Gecko from Guangdong, China (Squamata: Eublepharidae)
Authors: ZHU XIAO-YU , WU SHI-YANG , LIU YI-JIAO , BAI YUN , ROMÁN-PALACIOS CRISTIAN , LI ZHENG , HE ZHU-QING
Published: September 2022

A new species of Tiger Gecko in the genus Goniurosaurus is described from Guangdong, China. This new species, Goniurosaurus wangshu sp. nov. is the fifth species of Goniurosaurus found in karst topography of Guangdong. It is distinguished morphologically from congeners in this region by the combination of thirteen precloacal pores in male; dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs in adults yellow; and iris orange. To validate our morphological inferences and support the description of Goniurosaurus wangshu sp. nov. as a new species, we sequenced 16S, CMOS, cytb, and RAG1 gene regions and performed molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis places the new species within the G. yingdeensis group and highlights the evolutionary distinction between this new species and other described congeners.
Curcumin-Coated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Affect Colorectal Cancer Cells Growth by Regulating Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Di Ji , Luo Jia , Wang Rong , Jin Sheng-Yan , Zhang Sheng-Wu , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide, and its incidence increases significantly, causing nearly 694,000 deaths annually worldwide. Previous data have shown that Notch signaling is involved in regulating tumor cell proliferation. Curcumin is a polyphenol that
has anticancer activity by activating various molecular pathways in cancer cells. In this study, curcumin was combined in PLGA nanomembrane to explore the therapeutic effect of curcumin coated PLGA nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) on CRC, in providing novel ideas for CRC management. CUR-NPs were in
this study manufactured, and different concentrations of CUR-NPs were used to treat CRC cells and normal epithelial cells. Anticancer effect of CUR-NPs was evaluated by analyzing the effects of different concentrations of CUR-NPs on invasion, migration and apoptosis of cells. Finally, the
relationship between CUR-NPs and Notch signaling pathway was analyzed to determine its mechanism. Results from this study showed that, the CUR-NPs suppressed motility, migration and invasion of CRC cells by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway, and enhanced apoptosis. In addition, it was found
that the CUR-NPs were easily absorbed by cancer cells, and inhibited cancer cell viability, colony formation, and EMT processes and induced apoptosis of cancer cells without affecting the normal colorectal epithelial cells. Our study suggests that the CUR-NPs suppressed the CRC cells’
growth and motility apoptosis by inhibiting the Notch signaling without affecting normal colorectal epithelial cells, which provides novel ideas in CRC management.
Targeting Agents Used in Specific Bone-Targeting Drug Delivery Systems: A Review
Authors: Chen Xing , Dong Jing , Ma Shuyun , Han Yanqing , Zhu Zemin , Luo Zhicheng , Li Hua , Gao Yu , Zhou Youlong
Published: September 2022

Bone-targeting agent–based specific drug delivery has attracted increasing attention in current research involving bone-related diseases because of its ability to effectively reduce the administered dose of drugs and subsequent systemic toxicity. Bone-targeting agents determine
the targeting characteristics of the drug delivery system and are the key components of the system. In this review, we summarize the most commonly used bone-targeting agents for bone drug delivery, including bisphosphonates, tetracyclines, peptides, and aptamers. We discuss the mechanisms
by which these moieties bind to the bone matrix and specific bone cells and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various targeting agents, such as the inflexible drug release time of small molecules and the poor biological stability of peptide agents. Furthermore, we introduce current
specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems that utilize bone-targeting agents to provide a reference for the prospect and development of these delivery systems.
The Stress Induced by the Epoxy Bonding Layer Changing in the Layered Hollow Spheres
Authors: Yan Lintong , Ye Yunong , Ji Zhe , Liu Yijia , Zhou Chenglong , Liu Song
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problem of the instability of the layered hollow spherical structure caused by the epoxy bonding layer cracking, peeling and destruction, an exact analytical solution of the multi-layered hollow sphere with epoxy bonding layer under point load is obtained. The influence of the epoxy bonding layer change on the stress of the layered hollow sphere is studied by using the methods of analytical solution and numerical calculation. Numerical calculation results show that the stress of the bonded layered structure is affected by the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and the thickness of the bonding material without changing the overall size of the bonded layered hollow spheres. The use of the bonding materials can cause stress concentration at the bonding material interface. And the increase of Young’s modulus and the thinning of thickness of the bonding material can reduce the stress at the interface between the epoxy bonding layer and the outer layer. Moreover, the change of Poisson’s ratio of the bonding material cannot substantially reduce the interface stress. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the material selection and thickness setting of the bonding layer for layered hollow sphere.
Projecting Future Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin Based on CMIP6 Models
Authors: Sun Zhouliang , Liu Yanli , Zhang Jianyun , Chen Hua , Shu Zhangkang , Chen Xin , Jin Junliang , Guan Tiesheng , Liu Cuishan , He Ruimin , Wang Guoqing
Published: September 2022

Water resources severely constrain high-quality development in the Yellow River basin (YRB). Predicting the trend of precipitation on the basis of satisfying precision has important guiding significance for future regional development. Using the projected precipitation in 12 CMIP6 models, this study applied the most appropriate correction method for each model from four quantile-mapping methods and projected future changes of annual precipitation in the YRB and three key regions. The projection uncertainty was quantitatively assessed by addressing model spread (MS) and range. The precipitation anomaly under all four scenarios would increase for the YRB and key regions. The increasing rates (the linear coefficient) from Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 126 (SSP126) to SSP585 were 30–62, 60–103, 84–122, and 134–204 mm (100 yr)−1, respectively. The largest increase was the sediment-yielding region, which reached about 40–60 mm in 2031–60 and 70–125 mm in 2061–90. The 400-mm isohyet was projected to move continuously to the northwest in the future. The uncertainty quantified by MS was reduced by 85.9%–94.6%, and projection ranges were less than 50 mm (about 10% of climatology) in most parts of YRB. From the increasing trend of future precipitation in the YRB, it can be inferred that the arid region will shrink. It may be a good opportunity to implement ecological conservation and high-quality development of the YRB successfully.

Significance Statement

We want to understand the spatial–temporal evolution pattern of future precipitation in the Yellow River basin (YRB) under climate change scenarios. In the future, the precipitation in the YRB and the three key regions will increase, with the sediment-yielding region increasing the most, and the arid region will shrink. Our findings confirm that the spatial–temporal patterns of precipitation in the YRB will change significantly under climate change scenarios. These findings will guide ecological protection and regional social and economic development in the YRB. Future research should focus on adaptation strategies of agricultural production patterns to climate change.
Do Hoosiers Forget How to Drive in the Snow Each Year?
Authors: Hitchens Nathan M.
Published: September 2022

The winter season in many U.S. states includes snowfall, and with it comes comments about how drivers always seem to “forget” how to drive in snow when the first snowfall of the season occurs. This study assesses the accuracy of this popular sentiment during Indiana winters from 2007 to 2020. The number of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and fatalities during the first snowfall of the season was compared with those during subsequent snow events. A grid of 46 cells was constructed to subdivide the state, and instances of snowfall and crashes were aggregated within each cell each day during the study period. Daily crash, injury, and fatality totals in each cell were normalized by their respective means and standard deviations, allowing for data from all cells to be combined into a single dataset. Four snow accumulation thresholds were examined: 1, 13, 25, and 51 mm. Distributions at each threshold show that more crashes occur on average on days with the first snowfall of the winter season than on other days with snowfall, regardless of the accumulation threshold used. Statistical tests support this result, showing significant differences between the mean numbers of crashes at each of the four snowfall thresholds. There were also significantly more injuries on the first snowfall day and more fatalities, although fatalities were only significant for the 13-mm snowfall threshold.

Significance Statement

The purpose of my research is to answer the question: are there more motor vehicle crashes on the first day with snow each winter when compared with the number of crashes on other days with snowfall in the state of Indiana? Using four snowfall thresholds of increasing amounts, statistical tests comparing daily crashes on first snowfall and other snowfall days showed that there were significantly more crashes on average on the first day with snowfall each winter, regardless of the amount of snow accumulation. This supports the popular notion that crashes occur more frequently the first time it snows each year, although it is more likely attributed to drivers reacclimating to snowy road conditions than to forgetfulness.
Expanding Occupational Therapy Perspectives with Family Caregivers
Authors: Demers Louise
Published: September 2022

Background. Family caregivers are ever-present and crucial collaborators in the work of occupational therapists but are rarely the focus of their efforts. Purpose. This lecture will discuss the greater inclusion of family caregivers in occupational therapy and the exciting possibilities that emerge from this change. Key issues. Family caregivers are a unique client population. This position statement is supported by recent research on occupational therapists’ values and shifts towards an occupational participation approach in the profession. Working with this client population requires a nuanced understanding of their experience. Caregiving can be burdensome, but it can also create positive effects many of which can be identified and understood through a relational lens. Implications. Through a three-fold approach, occupational therapists can work with caregivers to locate and mitigate negative caregiving effects, discover, and build on positive effects, and further develop positive outcomes by encouraging and balancing caregiving and non-caregiving occupations.
Pipeline leak detection based on empirical mode decomposition and deep belief network
Authors: Yan Yulin , Hu Zhiyong , Yuan Wenqiang , Wang Jinyan
Published: September 2022

Leak detection of an oil pipeline can prevent environmental and financial losses. A method for the cyber-physical system of pipeline leak detection is proposed based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and deep belief network (DBN). Experiment data are acquired from an oil pipeline company. The EMD is suitable for noise removal and signal reconstruction from raw pressure signals, and the reconstructed signals are used to establish a DBN model of pipeline leakage. Our proposed method obtains higher-recognition-accuracy results (98% accuracy) and can more effectively identify leak detection than the twin support vector machine (TWSVM), support vector machine (SVM), and back-propagation neural network (BPNN).
Heat exertion precipitating shock and death in a case of previously undiagnosed sickle-cell disease
Authors: Padubidri Jagadish Rao , Pinto Amanda Christina , Kini Jyoti R , Kini Hema , Manoj Matthew Antony , Singh Tanya
Published: September 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by the presence of a mutated form of haemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerises into long needle-like fibres under low oxygen conditions, leading to the erythrocytes forming sickle shaped red blood cells. With repeated sickling, the red blood cells become irreversibly sickled and trapped within the circulation, and this leads to vaso-occlusive crisis. The patient, a 25-year-old female, previously undiagnosed with SCD, presented with high grade fever, splenomegaly and succumbed due to heat exertion precipitating sickling crisis, multiorgan failure and shock.
Clinical Phenotypic Variability and Significance of Pneumolabyrinth After Tympanum-Penetrating Injury
Authors: Yu Huiqian , Cai Guoyu , Wu Jingfang , Li Qingzhong
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of traumatic pneumolabyrinth caused by tympanic membrane (TM) perforation.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from 3 cases of traumatic pneumolabyrinth occurring between 2015 and 2021 and 22 cases were identified from 20 articles in PubMed database that reported pneumolabyrinth due to tympanum-penetrating injury.

Intervention

Nonoperative treatment was performed in Cases 1 and 3. Middle ear inspection was performed 1 year after the injury due to worsening vertigo upon head movement in Case 2.

Main outcome measures

Hearing outcomes and vestibular evaluations were presented for the 3 cases, and all comparable cases in the literature were reviewed.

Results

All 25 patients had a history of traumatic TM perforation, with perforations mostly located in the posterior or posterior superior quadrant (16 cases). Air signs were observed in the vestibule in all 25 patients, 15 of whom revealed stapes luxation into the vestibule. Conservative treatments were performed in 8 cases, and exploratory surgery in 17 cases. Most patients were free of vertigo (23/25). There were no significant hearing improvements in 15 cases, while hearing recovery or improvement was observed in 9 cases.

Conclusions

The clinical manifestations of pneumolabyrinth due to tympanum-penetrating injuries vary widely. Importantly, the degree of hearing loss is not directly related to the subjectively perceived vertigo but to the location and extent of pneumolabyrinth.
The range and suitability of outcome measures used in the assessment of palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: A systematic review
Authors: Bravington Alison , Obita George , Baddeley Elin , Johnson Miriam J , Murtagh Fliss EM , Currow David C , Boland Elaine G , Nelson Annmarie , Seddon Kathy , Oliver Alfred , Noble Simon IR , Boland Jason W
Published: September 2022

Background:

Malignant bowel obstruction, a complication of certain advanced cancers, causes severe symptoms which profoundly affect quality of life. Clinical management remains complex, and outcome assessment is inconsistent.

Aim:

To identify outcomes evaluating palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction, as part of a four-phase study developing a core outcome set.

Design:

The review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA); PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019150648). Eligible studies included at least one subgroup with obstruction below the ligament of Treitz undergoing palliative treatment for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction. Study quality was not assessed because the review does not evaluate efficacy.

Data sources:

Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Database, CINAHL, PSYCinfo Caresearch, Open Grey and BASE were searched for trials and observational studies in October 2021.

Results:

A total of 4769 studies were screened, 290 full texts retrieved and 80 (13,898 participants) included in a narrative synthesis; 343 outcomes were extracted verbatim and pooled into 90 unique terms across six domains: physiological, nutrition, life impact, resource use, mortality and survival. Prevalent outcomes included adverse events (78% of studies), survival (54%), symptom control (39%) and mortality (31%). Key individual symptoms assessed were vomiting (41% of studies), nausea (34%) and pain (33%); 19% of studies assessed quality of life.

Conclusions:

Assessment focuses on survival, complications and overall symptom control. There is a need for definitions of treatment ‘success’ that are meaningful to patients, a more consistent approach to symptom assessment, and greater consideration of how to measure wellbeing in this population.
Cerebral O2 and CO2 transport in isovolumic haemodilution: Compensation of cerebral delivery of O2 and maintenance of cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2
Authors: Carr Jay MJR , Ainslie Philip N , MacLeod David B , Tremblay Joshua C , Nowak-Flück Daniela , Howe Connor A , Stembridge Mike , Patrician Alexander , Coombs Geoff B , Stacey Benjamin S , Bailey Damian M , Green Daniel J , Hoiland Ryan L
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the influence of acute reductions in arterial O2 content (CaO2) via isovolumic haemodilution on global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) in 11 healthy males (age; 28 ± 7 years: body mass index; 23 ± 2 kg/m2). Radial artery and internal jugular vein catheters provided measurement of blood pressure and gases, quantification of cerebral metabolism, cerebral CO2 washout, and trans-cerebral nitrite exchange (ozone based chemiluminescence). Prior to and following haemodilution, the partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2) was elevated with dynamic end-tidal forcing while gCBF was measured with duplex ultrasound. CVR was determined as the slope of the gCBF response and PaCO2. Replacement of ∼20% of blood volume with an equal volume of 5% human serum albumin (Alburex® 5%) reduced haemoglobin (13.8 ± 0.8 vs. 11.3 ± 0.6 g/dL; P < 0.001) and CaO2 (18.9 ± 1.0 vs 15.0 ± 0.8 mL/dL P < 0.001), elevated gCBF (+18 ± 11%; P = 0.002), preserved cerebral oxygen delivery (P = 0.49), and elevated CO2 washout (+11%; P = 0.01). The net cerebral uptake of nitrite (11.6 ± 14.0 nmol/min; P = 0.027) at baseline was abolished following haemodilution (−3.6 ± 17.9 nmol/min; P = 0.54), perhaps underpinning the conservation of CVR (61.7 ± 19.0 vs. 69.0 ± 19.2 mL/min/mmHg; P = 0.23). These findings demonstrate that the cerebrovascular responses to acute anaemia in healthy humans are sufficient to support the maintenance of CVR.
Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sports After Open Reduction and Hamstring Tendon Autograft Reconstruction in Patients With Acute Traumatic First-Time Posterior Dislocation of the Sternoclavicular Joint
Authors: Tytherleigh-Strong Graham , Sabharwal Sanjeeve , Peryt Adam
Published: September 2022

Background:

Traumatic posterior dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) are rare. Multiple case reports, case series, and systematic reviews have been published on the treatment of posterior SCJ dislocations. However, they have usually been of small numbers, described a variety of surgical techniques on a mixture of acute and chronic dislocations, and have not focused on functional recovery or return to sports.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes and return to sports after SCJ open reduction and reconstruction using a hamstring tendon autograft in patients with an acute first-time traumatic posterior dislocation of the SCJ. We hypothesized that SCJ open reduction and reconstruction would result in high survivorship, good clinical outcomes, and a high rate of return to sports.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study included all patients who underwent SCJ open reduction and reconstruction within 14 days of sustaining a first-time traumatic posteriorly dislocated SCJ, with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by the following scores: short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Rockwood SCJ, modified Constant, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Survivorship was defined as no clinical failure, such as instability or recurrent dislocation, and no revision surgery. Return to sports was assessed using a customized questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 19 patients who underwent surgery were included, with a mean age of 30.8 years (range, 18-52 years). Seventeen patients were available at final follow-up at a mean 94.5 months (range, 37-155 months). At final follow-up, the mean scores were as follows: QuickDASH, 4.3 (range, 0-20.4); Rockwood, 13.9 (range, 12-15); modified Constant, 94.4 (range, 71-100); and SANE, 92.1 (range, 70-100). The construct survivorship was 96%. Of the 14 patients who participated in sports, 12 (86%) returned to their preinjury levels.

Conclusion:

After an acute first-time traumatic posterior SCJ dislocation, open reduction and stabilization with a hamstring tendon autograft, undertaken within 14 days of injury, provides good clinical outcomes and high rates of survivorship and return to sports.
Community Treatment Orders use Among Persons With a First Episode of Psychosis in Quebec
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thi , Sicotte Roxanne , Pires De Oliveira Padilha Paula , Abdel-Baki Amal
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Specialized early intervention for psychosis can reduce the duration of untreated psychosis and improve clinical and functional outcomes. However, poor adherence to treatment is frequent. The literature on community treatment orders (CTOs) use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) as a means to improve treatment adherence is limited. In the context of early intervention for psychosis services (EIS), this study aims to describe (1) the frequency of CTOs utilisation, (2) the trend of CTOs use over time, (3) the timing and reasons for requesting CTOs and (4) the baseline characteristics of FEP patients on CTOs compared to those who were not.

Method

A 5-year prospective longitudinal study describing the use of CTOs among persons with FEP admitted to two urban EIS in Montreal, Quebec, from 2005 to 2013. At admission, and then annually for 5 years, CTOs data were collected through chart review. Baseline characteristics, assessed by patient interviews, standardized questionnaires and chart review, included socio-demographic data, illness severity, functioning and alcohol and substance use. Descriptive analyses were performed, and FEP patients on CTOs during follow-up and those who were not were compared using analyses of variance, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Among 567 FEP patients, 19.2% were placed on CTOs. The main reasons for requesting CTOs were to prevent further deterioration in mental state, social functioning, harmful behaviours to self and others and homelessness. FEP patients on CTOs had poorer premorbid and baseline functioning, more severe symptoms and social dysfunction at admission, including legal problems and homelessness.

Conclusions

CTOs can be a tool to improve adherence to treatment, which is crucial for relapse prevention in FEP. However, since it is a coercive method that limits a person's fundamental rights, further research is warranted to assess its impact on patients’ lives, clinical and functional outcomes, as well as patients’ and carers’ perception.
PSA Presidential Address: The New Normal and the Redefinition of Deviance
Authors: Davis Sharon Kantorowski
Published: September 2022

There are three major social issues that are identified and discussed as major contributors to the new normal and the redefinition of deviance. They include: 1) the political rise of the extreme right; 2) the renewed urgency to address issues of social, political, and environmental justice, including and racial inequalities and inequities; and 3) COVID and its effects on society and culture. Sociologists must be key players in the identification and resolution of these issues. In so doing, we impact the reframing and redefinition of what is deviant and what constitutes the new normal.
Home-Based Care and Mental Health during a Disaster: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Dickey Sarah , Krienke Lydia , Rosemberg Marie Anne , Bell Sue Anne
Published: September 2022

Disasters adversely affect individuals’ mental health; yet, research is scant on the mental health needs of frontline workers during and immediately after disasters. Our study explored this gap through the perspectives of home-based care providers (HBCP) who provided care during and after Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. In this qualitative study, five in-person focus groups were held between January and November 2019 with 25 HBCP drawn from home health care agencies in southern Florida and the Greater Houston Area. Four themes were identified using an abductive analytic approach: HBCPs’ disaster-related mental health needs; HBCP resilience in the context of disaster; psychological tensions associated with simultaneously caring for self, family, and patients; and supporting patients’ mental health needs during and after disaster. Our data suggest that HBCP may benefit from formal training and interventions to support their own mental health as well as that of their patients in the context of disasters.
Evaluation of methane generation rate and energy recovery potential of municipal solid waste using anaerobic digestion and landfilling: A case study of Dhanbad, India
Authors: Kumar Atul , Bhardwaj Subham , Samadder Sukha Ranjan
Published: September 2022

In this study, two most common biological waste to energy conversion techniques have been analysed and compared on the basis of methane generation and energy recovery potential. The biogas generation potential has been estimated using anaerobic co-digestion experiment. The main substrate used for this study was food waste, while cow dung and anaerobic digester sludge were used as co-digestion substrates. Food waste was used because of its maximum composition (36% of total wastes) in the study area (Dhanbad city, India) with high biogas generation potential. Cow dung acted as a natural buffer, while anaerobic digester sludge was a source of active inoculum. Based on the maximum biogas yield of 402 mL g−1 VS and annual food waste generation rate in the study area, the energy recovery potential using anaerobic digestion was estimated to be 6.59 × 106 kWh year−1. Presently, the wastes in the mixed form are being dumped on a large abandoned land with an approximate area of 93 ha in the outskirts of Dhanbad city in an uncontrolled manner. The annual landfill gas generation from the existing landfill has been estimated using Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) based on the waste characteristics, anticipated landfill life and other region-specific parameters of the present study area. The maximum electrical energy recovery potential of 44.62 × 105 kWh from landfill gas has been estimated for the year 2041. Although, the results are based on the waste generation and characteristics of Dhanbad city, the comparison methodology can be applied to other cities.
Accessing healthcare services as a precarious worker in Ireland
Authors: Pembroke Sinead , Bobek Alicja , Wickham James
Published: September 2022

The growth and the nature of precarious work has become an important subject of research on contemporary employment. Equally, there has been an increased interest among researchers in understanding the social consequences of precarious employment. There is an increasing awareness of the negative affect on health posed by precarious work. However, a relatively unexplored issue is the extent to which access to healthcare depends on the form of both precarious work and of healthcare provision in a specific nation state. This article explores the social implications of precarious work, with a focus on access to healthcare services in Ireland. 40 qualitative interviews were conducted with precarious workers living in Ireland that took place between July and October 2017.These were part of a broader study called the Social Implications of Precarious Work Project. A thematic analysis was conducted, which revealed the following: precarious employment often makes access to basic healthcare problematic, so that many are often unable to access essential medical treatment. On the one hand they are unable to access means-tested public services, but on the other hand cannot afford the cost of private treatment and private health insurance. This has negative consequences for workers’ health. Many precarious workers are pushed into relationships of dependency, creating new forms of social inheritance, since only some can access better healthcare by using family resources. For precarious workers who do not have this, inequality is further exacerbated.
Quasi-consensus of Markovian switching heterogeneous multi-agent systems with cooperative–competitive interactions and parameter uncertainties
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Shen Jiarui , Zhang Jingxiang , Chen Jing , Hu Aihua , Hu Manfeng
Published: September 2022

In this article, the quasi-consensus problem of the Markovian switching heterogeneous multi-agent system with cooperative–competitive interactions and parameter uncertainties is investigated. The switch of the agent’s dynamics is combined with Markov processes, and the topologies among agents switch between cooperation and competition. Based on graph theory and Lyapunov function theory, the sufficient conditions are given to ensure the quasi-consensus of the Markovian switching multi-agent system. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Remote supervision in psychiatry training: Unlocking capacity and technology
Authors: Coleman Mathew , Amos Andrew , Hoimes James , Ridley Kelly
Published: September 2022

Objective

This paper explores the literature regarding remote supervision in the context of training in psychiatry with contemporary pedagogic theory and practice and utilising telephonic and videoconference technologies to enhance education outcomes.

Conclusion

Remote supervision may provide psychiatry trainees with a balance between autonomy and support, promote clinical and professional independence in addition to developing a specific subset of telehealth skills whilst unlocking supervisory capacity to grow the psychiatry workforce, particularly in rural and remote settings.
Prognostic Factors for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
Authors: Jerry Teng Chieh-Lin , Tan Tran-Der , Pan Yun-Yi , Lin Yu-Wen , Lien Pei-Wen , Chou Hsin-Chun , Chen Peng-Hsu , Lin Fang-Ju
Published: September 2022

Introduction

While Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is mostly curable, outcomes for advanced-stage HL remain unsatisfactory. The International Prognostic Score and its modifications were developed to predict HL prognosis; however, more straightforward prognostic factors are needed. This study aimed to identify simpler prognostic factors for advanced-stage newly diagnosed HL (NDHL).

Methods

This retrospective study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Patients with advanced-stage NDHL receiving ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or ABVD-like regimens between 2009 and 2016 were enrolled. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify prognostic factors for the time to next treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS). We used the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to evaluate model performance.

Results

The study included 459 patients with advanced-stage NDHL. A bimodal age distribution (peaks 20-44 and >65 years) was observed. Over a median follow-up of 4.7 years, the complete remission and OS rates were 52% and 76%, respectively. Age ≥60 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.43), extranodal involvement (1.40, 1.05-1.87), B symptoms (1.53, 1.13-2.06), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥1 (1.49, 1.08-2.06) were significantly associated with a shorter TTNT. The time-dependent AUROC was .65. With a time-dependent AUROC of .81, age ≥60 years (4.55, 2.90-7.15) and CCI ≥1 (1.86, 1.18-2.91) were risk factors for worse OS.

Conclusion

Older age and more comorbidities were risk factors for an inferior OS in advanced-stage NDHL, while older age, extranodal involvement, B-symptoms, and higher CCI were significantly associated with disease relapse.
Efficacy and safety of topical 5-fluorouracil in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia refractory to interferon alpha-2b
Authors: Pérez-García Pilar , Burgos-Blasco Bárbara , Gómez-Calleja Verónica , Vidal-Villegas Beatriz , Méndez-Fernández Rosalía , Gegúndez-Fernández José Antonio , Díaz-Valle David
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To report the efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil as the second line of treatment for two cases of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia refractive to topical interferon alpha-2b.

Case report

In the first case, a 77-year-old woman was evaluated because of a fleshy vascularized lesion in the temporal conjunctiva on her right eye with leukoplakia of the corneal epithelium from 10- to 5-o’clock limbus. In the second case, an 81-year-old man, a nodular lesion in the temporal conjunctiva on his RE, with corneal adjacent opalescence, one millimeter in extent, was observed. Both patients were initially treated with excisional surgery, the samples being reported as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia with high-grade dysplasia. Co-adjuvant treatment with topical interferon alpha-2b 1 mIU/mL was indicated 4 times/day uninterruptedly. In the first case, there was no response despite 8 months of treatment, while in the second, the corneal lesion progressed in an arboriform pattern after 4 months of topical chemotherapy.

Management & outcome

In the absence of efficacy, the treatment was then changed to topical 5-fluorouracil (1%), 4 times/day for 7 days with a time-lapse of 21 days off, which constitutes a course. Two and four courses of treatment with 5-fluorouracil 1% were completed in both cases in the absence of important side effects. After the first course, both patients showed complete remission of the lesions. No clinical signs of relapse were noted after 1 year of follow-up.

Discussion

The treatment with 5-fluorouracil is a good option as the second line of treatment for conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia who are low-responders to interferon alpha-2b, with fewer side effects than other currently available alternatives.
Out of Balance: Global–Local Tensions in Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships and the Emergence of Rival Initiatives in Producing Countries
Authors: Bitzer Verena , Schouten Greetje
Published: September 2022

Studies on multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) have highlighted the potential for conflict in MSPs, and particularly at the global–local interface has been identified as a key source of tension for partnerships in global value chains. This article uncovers the nature of global–local conflicts, how these conflicts can play out in global MSPs, and how this can lead to the emergence of local competing initiatives. Based on three cases of global MSPs (on palm oil, soy, and ethical trade), the article identifies a set of four global–local tensions, which led to repeated disagreement and contestation in the studied MSPs. As the responses by MSPs to these tensions were insufficient to resolve conflict, local rival initiatives were created in all cases by previously participating Southern actors. These were driven by a combination of strong disagreement over time, coalition-building among Southern actors along national lines, and increased legitimacy of solutions outside the established MSPs.