bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Gut Microbiome's Role in Kidney Stone Formation: Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Studies
Authors: Hunthai Sittiphong , Usawachintachit Manint , Taweevisit Mana , Srisa- Monpichar , Anekamol Weerapat , Tosukhowong Piyaratana , Rattanachaisit Pakkapon , Chuaypen Natthaya , Dissayabutra Thasinas
Published: April 2024

Emerging research on the microbiome highlights the significant role of gut health in the development of kidney stones, indicating that an imbalance in gut bacteria, or dysbiosis, can influence the formation of stones by altering oxalate metabolism and urinary metabolite profiles. Notably, the presence of specific bacteria such as Enterococcus and Oxalobacter spp., known to affect oxalate absorption, is linked to urolithiasis, prompting further investigation into the gut's role in calcium oxalate stone disease. This study investigates the effects of gut dysbiosis on urolithiasis through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients to rats and its impact on urinary mineral excretion and stone formation. Fecal samples from eight patients with calcium oxalate stones and ten healthy volunteers were collected to assess the gut microbiome. These samples were then transplanted into Wistar rats for a duration of four weeks. Post-transplantation, we evaluated changes in the fecal gut microbiome profile, urinary mineral excretion rates, and the expression levels of intestinal zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), SLC26A6, and renal NF-κB. Patients with urolithiasis exhibited increased levels of urinary calcium and oxalate, alongside decreased citrate excretion and a heightened urinary supersaturation index, with a notable abundance of Bacteroidota. Rats receiving urolithiasis-FMT showed similar disturbances, including elevated urinary oxalate, increased pH, and supersaturation index, despite negative renal pathology. However, significant elevation of the expression of renal NF-κB, intestinal SLC26A6, and a reduction in ZO-1 expression were observed. Additionally, an increased abundance of Bacteroidota, particularly Muribaculaceae, was detected in the feces of urolithiasis rats. Conclusively, the consistent increase in Bacteroidota abundance across both urolithiasis patients and FMT-treated rats is linked to altered intestinal barrier function, hyperoxaluria, and renal inflammation. These findings suggest that gut dysbiosis, characterized by an overgrowth of Bacteroidota, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis, underscoring the potential of targeting gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy.
Unlocking Travel Desires: Exploring Configurations of Gratifications and Epidemic Concerns in Short Video Context
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Wu Yanni , Chen Hongquan , Zhu Yurong , Chai Huihua
Published: April 2024

To promote tourism recovery and growth, it's crucial to comprehend the factors influencing travel intention amid epidemic threats like COVID-19. Grounded in the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory and employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study aims to elucidate the causal patterns of hedonic, social, and utilitarian gratifications intersecting with epidemic concerns, shaping high travel intention in short video context. 298 college students' data unveil six configurations elucidating high travel intention. This research offers fresh perspectives on how U&Gs and epidemic concerns interact, aiding in devising strategies to boost tourism industry prosperity.
Simultaneous or sequential kidney-liver transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria
Authors: Arena Maria , Labbadia Raffaella , Cappoli Andrea , Spagnoletti Gionata , Camassei Francesca Diomedi , Emma Francesco , Spada Marco , Guzzo Isabella
Published: April 2024

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is responsible for pediatric kidney failure in 1 to 2% of cases. Novel therapies based on RNA interference are changing the natural history of the disease. However, for those who will progress to kidney failure, and for patients living in countries that cannot afford these expensive therapies, liver-kidney transplantation may remain the only efficient therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 who received simultaneous or sequential liver-kidney transplantation. We retrospectively evaluated 10 patients, five patients received a simultaneous transplantation, and five underwent sequential transplantation with a median postponement of the kidney transplantation of 8 months (range 4–20). Median follow up was 3.2 years (range 1.6–11). Median estimated glomerular filtration rate at 6 and 12 months was 81.2 (range: 45.7-108.8) and 79.3 ml/min/1.73m2(range 54.7-112.1) in patients who underwent simultaneous transplantation, and 45.7 (range 34.5–86.7) and 38.3 ml/min/1.73m2(range 29.9–77.5) in those with sequential transplantation (p:NS). Biopsies performed at 6 and 12 months showed precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in all patients except one, demonstrating the recurrence of deposition despite the delay between liver and kidney transplantation. No differences in kidney function or in post-transplant renal oxalate precipitations were observed between patients that underwent bilateral nephrectomy and those who did not. None of the patients has lost the kidney graft at the last follow-up. Our study shows that adapting the transplant strategy to individual cases, patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 can be successfully treated.
Accessing patient satisfaction for palliative care outpatient telemedicine services at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Jabeen Ismat , Qureshi Asra , Assad Sidra , Qamar Uqba , Waqar Muhammad Atif
Published: April 2024

Background:
Telemedicine has been projected as one way to improve access to palliative care services for patients with serious illness, delivering health care services remotely given a shortage of trained physicians and available specialty services. This technology is being used extensively to improve quality of life of patients needing palliation during unprecedented times of COVID-19 pandemic. However, its efficacy has not been evaluated, specifically in palliative care specialty, where it is instrumental for healthcare access. We aimed to evaluate satisfaction and factors related to satisfaction with telemedicine appointment system and palliative care team during virtual outpatient palliative care telemedicine consultations.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients seen in adult palliative care telemedicine clinics between February 2020 to March 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Results
A total of 130 participants participated, with a mean age of 63.2 years, n = 61 (47%) males and n = 69 (53%) females. There were n = 76 (58.4%) initial visits and n = 54 (41.5%) follow-ups. 94% of the participants agreed with healthcare access, 92% with the quality of care, 92% with patient-physician interaction, 77% with convenience, 91% wanted to continue teleconsultation and 88% found it cost-effective. Besides this, 46% of participants expressed that they were worried about privacy breach.
Conclusion
Telemedicine is an innovative approach. Participants find it accessible, cost-effective, convenient and of good quality. In future, it can be implemented and should be promoted in the post pandemic landscape as an effective patient care modality to address enormous unmet needs of patients with functional frailty or living in remote area.
Does the odour of human stress or relaxation affect dogs’ cognitive bias?
Authors: Parr-Cortes Zoe , Müller Carsten Theodor , Talas Laszlo , Mendl Michael , Guest Claire , Rooney Nicola Jane
Published: April 2024

Dogs can discriminate between stressed and non-stressed odour samples from humans, but the effect on their cognition and emotional state is previously unstudied. Eighteen dogs each participated in three cognitive bias sessions: baseline (no odour), stress odour and relax odour, with the order of the two test odours counterbalanced across dogs. The odours were combined breath and sweat samples from three volunteers showing measurable stress responses during a stress test compared to a relaxing activity. We found that dogs were significantly less likely to approach an ambiguous (near negative) location in the presence of stress odour. They were also significantly less likely to approach the trained unrewarded (negative) location and more likely to approach the rewarded (positive) location in the presence of both human odours. Learning over sessions and the order in which odours were presented also had significant effects, with the combination of stress odour and the last testing session having the greatest effect. This is the first study to show that in the absence of visual or auditory cues, olfactory cues of stress from an unfamiliar person may affect dogs’ cognition and learning. This could have important consequences for dog welfare and working performance.
Research on CO Dispersion and Isolation Door Anti-virus Facilities in Refuge Chamber: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Li Zongxiang , Huang Shuoran , Li Lin , Si Junhong , Wu Ji
Published: April 2024

In order to study the process of underground harmful gas CO dispersion into the refuge chamber and improve the survival rate of trapped personnel, a simple model of underground refuge chamber and main roadway was built. The influence of temperature and pressure air volume on CO dispersion in refuge chamber has been studied by analog experiment and numerical simulation, and the reliability of simulation results is verified. A flexible isolation door for controlling harmful gases in refuge chamber was designed, and the influence of the installation of the isolation door on CO dispersion has been compared and analyzed. The results show that when the temperature of the refuge chamber is lower than that of the harmful gas, CO will invade the refuge chamber from the upper part of the protective sealed door, and vice versa. The change stage of CO concentration in transition chamber can be divided into sudden drop stage, slow decline stage and unstable stage; The change stage of CO concentration in survival chamber can be divided into rapid decline stage and stable stage. When the temperature of the main roadway is 50°C and the temperature of the refuge chamber is 20°C, the pressure air volume within the safe range (24 ppm) of the CO concentration is reduced to 69.6% of that without the isolation door, effectively prevent harmful gases in the main alley from invading the refuge chamber.
YOLOv8-BCC: Lightweight Object Detection Model Boosts Urban Traffic Safety
Authors: Jun Tang , Lai Zhouxian , Ye Caixian , Xu lijun
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of urbanization, the role of urban transportation systems has become increasingly prominent. However, traditional methods of traffic management are struggling to cope with the growing demands of traffic and the complexity of urban environments. In response to this situation, we propose the YOLOv8-BCC algorithm to address existing shortcomings. Leveraging advanced technologies such as CFNet, CBAM attention modules, and BIFPN structure, our algorithm aims to enhance the accuracy, real-time performance, and adaptability of urban traffic intelligent detection systems. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in detection accuracy and real-time performance compared to traditional methods. The introduction of the YOLOv8-BCC algorithm provides a robust solution for enhancing urban traffic safety and intelligent management.
Variations in deep-sea methane seepage linked to millennial-scale changes in bottom water temperatures ~50–6 ka, NW Svalbard margin
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Altuna Naima El bani , Thomsen Erik
Published: April 2024

During the last glaciation, the northern hemisphere experienced profound millennial-scale changes (termed Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events) in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures. In the North Atlantic, the fluctuations resulted in extremely unstable bottom water conditions with bottom water temperatures (BWT) varying up to > 5°C. We have studied these environmental changes in a core from 1300 m water depth at Vestnesa Ridge, northwestern Svalbard margin to investigate a possible connection between BWT and seepage of methane from the seafloor covering the period ~ 50–6 ka. Beneath Vestnesa Ridge, gas hydrates containing vast amounts of methane are kept stable due to the high pressure and low temperatures. Release of gas is shown by numerous pockmarks on the seafloor. The pockmarks at 1300 m water depth are presently inactive, but they bear witness of earlier activity. Our study shows that from ~ 50–6 ka, the core site experienced repeated increases in BWT and in the emissions of gas, both following the pattern of the DO-events. This correspondence in time scale indicates that BWT was the primary forcing factor for the variability in methane release. However, the releases were delayed with up to > 1000 years compared to initial increase in BWT.
Skin-friendly, high pressure elasticity, high sensitivity PV/rGO/VF composite flexible sponge for intelligent physiological monitoring
Authors: Mao Yinfeng , Hong Dingsheng , Zhou Xinzheng , Chang Taotao , Shen Lingna , Wei Kaitai , Cui Yifan , Li Ping , Zhang Huanxia
Published: April 2024

3D graphene-based flexible nanosponges have shown great application potential in areas such as human motion tracking, health monitoring, and electronic skin. However, previously reported graphene-based flexible sensors typically focus on simple pressure sensing, lacking the capability to simultaneously detect both pressure and physiological signals. This limitation restricts their application in the field of intelligent wearable technology. In this study, a pressure-flexible composite sponge sensor was prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), viscose nonwoven fabric, and graphene oxide (GO) in a simple and cost-effective manner. Results showed that high-pressure electrospun PVDF inhibited the α-crystalline phase while promoting the transformation of diffraction peaks into the β-crystalline phase. Furthermore, high-temperature oxidation–reduction improved the crystallinity of β-phase crystals, enhancing the conductivity of PVDF/reduced GO/viscose fiber/polydimethylsiloxane ( PV/rGO/VF/P )sponges. With the increase of GO mass ratio, the thermal stability of the flexible composite device improved while weight loss decreased and resistance sensitivity increased. When compressed to 40%, the piezoelectric effect is most sensitive, and the composite sponge can fully recover under 60% compression. The addition of viscose fiber with a high swelling effect enables the composite sponge to precisely and sensitively detect the amount of sweat or glucose. This three-dimensional nanosponge can be applied in the design of ergonomic, physiologically monitoring smart wearable devices.
Prediction of uniform temperature effect on rectangular hollow concrete pier based on measured temperature data
Authors: WU Wenxiang , Chen ShunChao , Yun Jianzhou , Yu Yue , Mao Shihua
Published: April 2024

In order to accurately and easily predict the variation of the average temperature of the concrete rectangular hollow pier. Firstly, the temperature distribution of the concrete rectangular hollow pier of Changjiahe Special Bridge was observed for 212 days. Then, based on the observation data, the functional relationship between the average concrete hollow pier temperature and the outside air temperature, and the air temperature inside the hollow pier was studied. Finally, based on this functional relationship, a prediction model for the range of variation of the mean temperature of the hollow pier was given and verified. The results of the study show that: the change of external shade temperature can be regarded as the superposition of different cyclic changes and random changes; the change rule of the average temperature of the concrete hollow pier is the same as that of the air temperature, both presenting day-by-day cyclic and step changes; the linear correlation coefficients between the daily maximum and daily minimum average hollow pier temperature and the daily average air temperature are R = 0.980 and R = 0.973, respectively; the daily average air temperature, the daily average air temperature inside the pier and daily average hollow pier temperature are R = 0.980, R = 0.998; the daily variation of the average hollow pier temperature and the daily variation of the air temperature are approximately linear, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.899; assuming that the average temperature of the concrete hollow pier is a folding change, based on the above relationship, a method of predicting the time-by-time average temperature of the concrete hollow piers is proposed, as well as two methods of predicting the average temperature of the test piers. average temperature change range method. Comparing the predicted values with the measured values, it is found that the predicted values are in good agreement with the measured values.
Estimating dynamics of dengue disease with environmental impact by quantifying the per-capita vector density
Authors: Chathurangika Piyumi , Perera Sanjeewa , De Silva Kushani
Published: April 2024

Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by vectors of genus Aedes causing a global threat to health, social, and economic sectors in many of the tropical countries including Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, the tropical climate, marked by seasonal weather primarily influenced by monsoons, fosters optimal conditions for the virus to spread efficiently, especially during monsoon periods. This heightened transmission results in increased per-capita vector density. In this work, we investigate the dynamic influence of environmental conditions on dengue emergence in Colombo district- the geographical region with the highest recorded dengue threat in Sri Lanka. An iterative approach is employed to estimate dengue cases dynamically leveraging the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, utilizing the dynamics of weather patterns governing in the region. The developed algorithm allows to estimate the risk of dengue outbreaks with high precision, facilitating accurate forecasts of upcoming disease emergence patterns for better preparedness. The uncertainty quantification not only validated the accuracy of outbreak estimates but also showcased the model's capacity to capture extreme cases and revealed undisclosed external factors that might affect dengue transmission.
The role of impulsivity and binge eating in outpatients with overweight or obesity. A temporal discounting trial
Authors: Ferracci Sara , Manippa Valerio , D’Anselmo Anita , Bolovon Luca , Guagnano Maria Teresa , Brancucci Alfredo , Porcelli Piero , Conti Chiara
Published: April 2024

Background: Binge eating (BE) is associated with a range of cognitive control deficits related to impulsivity, including lower response inhibition, preference for immediate gratification, and maladaptive decision-making. The aim was to investigate whether impulsivity and BE may interact with the decision process and underlying brain activity in obese or overweight outpatients who are starting a treatment to achieve weight loss.
Methods: A sample of 26 treatment-seeking obese and overweight outpatients with and without BE was evaluated for impulsivity, binge eating, and temporal discounting rates. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), binge eating with the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and changes in subjective value of rewards with the Temporal Discounting Task (TDt). Brain activity was recorded through high-density electroencephalogram (hd-EEG) during the TDt.
Results: Patients with BE reported more impulsive tendencies and perceived sooner rewards as more gratifying when both options were delayed (p=0.02). The reward choice in the TDt was accompanied by an EEG alpha rhythm desynchronization in parietal areas.
Conclusions: The tendency to favor immediate rewards may constitute an obstacle for obtaining adherence to treatment plans and to achieve weight loss goals for obese or overweight outpatients. Clinicians are therefore encouraged to include psychological outcomes such as impulsivity and dysfunctional eating behaviors when designing a weight loss program.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences of the University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara (Prot. n. 254 of 03/14/2017)
ECMO support for postoperative Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: HUANG Jianhu , XIE Li , YANG Yinyu , ZHANG Wei , SHEN Jia , GUO Zheng , YU Xindi , WANG Wei
Published: April 2024

Background
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect with high mortality rates, ranging from 9–30%. Surgical repair is the primary treatment, but postoperative complications such as arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary vein obstruction persist. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a critical tool for managing complex cardiac cases, including TAPVC.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed patients who received ECMO support postoperatively for TAPVC at Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2017 and December 2021. Inclusion criteria were children diagnosed with TAPVC and treated with ECMO. Data on demographics, surgical procedures, ECMO duration, complications, and outcomes were collected. The study followed the Helsinki Declaration.
Results
A total of 14 TAPVC patients were included, with a median age of 89.5 days and weight of 4.95 kg. The ECMO weaning rate was 85.71%, and the survival rate was 50%. The weaning and survival rates for intracardiac TAPVC were better than other subtypes. Further grouped showed that the high lactate status before ECMO (p = 0.00031) and the fluctuation of APTT value (p = 0.0011) during the ECMO period had predictive significance for the long-term prognosis of these children.
Conclusion
ECMO support is an effective therapy for TAPVC patients facing postoperative complications. Higher pre-ECMO lactate levels and fluctuations in APTT values during ECMO were predictive of long-term prognosis.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and end-stage liver disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yan Lili , Xu Xiao , Lu Di
Published: April 2024

Patients with end-stage liver disease often have intestinal flora dysbiosis. Exploring the causal relationship between intestinal flora abundance and liver cirrhosis or liver cancer is significant. In this study, we first demonstrated liver cirrhosis was detrimental to liver cancer by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Then, we used bidirectional MR to verify the two-way causal relationship between gut flora abundance (including 16 classes, 32 families, 119 genera, 20 orders, and 9 phyla) and end-stage liver diseases. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method for examining causality. MR-Egger, weighted median (WM) approaches were adopted to provide sensitivity analyses for the results. We revealed the impact of intestinal flora on liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, and we identified 11 and 5 causal relationships, respectively. Subsequently, we demonstrated that cirrhosis and liver cancer will genetically affect 3 and 13 intestinal flora abundance, respectively. We found that the family Lactobacillaceae (id:1836) and genus Lactobacillus(id:1837) may be involved in the crosstalk between cirrhosis and liver cancer. A negative feedback loop may exist between such flora and end-stage liver disease.
Vitrimer-like Elastomers with Rapid Stress-Relaxation by High-Speed Carboxy Exchange through Conjugate Substitution Reaction
Authors: Kohsaka Yasuhiro , Nishiie Natsumi , Kawatani Ryo , Tezuka Sae , Hayashi Mikihiro
Published: April 2024

We report the design of vitrimer-like elastomers that exhibit the fastest stress relaxation (τ = 2 s at 140 °C) among the reported poly(meth)acrylate-based vitrimers. The trick is the use of the carboxy exchange reaction by the conjugate substitution reaction using α-(acyloxymethyl) acrylate skeletons, which was inspired by our preliminary results in a small-molecule solution that showed the progress of the above carboxy exchange reaction, even at ambient temperature, in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). To incorporate the quick bond rearrangement via carboxy exchange into the network, copolymers of ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid were crosslinked using bis[α-(bromomethyl)acrylates]. The cross-linked sample doped with 10 wt% DABCO exhibited processability to obtain a transparent film by hot pressing, despite the stable rubbery plateau in dynamic mechanical analysis. The high-speed bond exchange in the network was validated by stress-relaxation tests, where the stress-relaxation speed was 102–103 times faster than that of previously reported poly(meth)acrylate vitrimers operated by other common DCBs. The significantly fast relaxation ability eventually allows quick molding with household iron. In addition, the present material was applied as an adhesion sheet for plastics and metal substrates. Because dynamic cross-linking with the proposed bond exchange mechanism is implementable to any polymers bearing carboxy pendants, our approach can be applied to versatile backbones, which must thus be meaningful in the practical sense.
Numerical Simulation of UF6 Analysis in a Paul Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Kiai S. M. Sadat , Adlparvar Shrin , Zirak Ali Reza , Hasanzadeh Mostafa
Published: April 2024

In this article, we present the results of numerical simulations aimed at investigating the physical properties and fractional mass resolutions of \({\text{U}\text{F}}_{6}\) molecular ions in quadrupole Paul ion traps (QPIT) analyzer. Initially, we employ the MCNPX code to simulate the deposition of alpha (\({\alpha }\)) decay energy within \({\text{U}\text{F}}_{6}\) molecules, laying the foundation for our subsequent analyses. Utilizing numerical integration of the Mathieu equations via the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method, we construct stability diagrams to elucidate ion movements within the ion trap structure. Through rigorous examination, we explore the impact of uncertainty parameters on the fractional mass resolution (\(\frac{\text{m}}{\varDelta \text{m}}\)), offering comprehensive consideration and discussion of their implications. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of ion trap dynamics and provides valuable insights into the factors influencing mass resolution in \({\text{U}\text{F}}_{6}\)molecular ions, with potential implications for various analytical and research applications.
An Information Security Awareness Model For Bring Your Own Devices: Case Study of a University in Kenya
Authors: Nyagwencha Justus , Kule Jillo
Published: April 2024

The use of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) to access resources has extended past the boundaries of major institutions of higher learning. But, at institutions of higher learning, students, faculty, and staff are beginning to connect personal devices to the institution’s network to access resources without much considerations to the security repercussions. Therefore, this research used a university with an estimated population of about 8000 students and 500 employees as a case study and applied stratified random sampling method to classify the study population, that is, students and employees to unravel adaptation of BOYD in institutions of higher learning. A questionnaire was used for data collection and test cases were used to test threats on BYOD devices owned by the respondents to identify challenges with its awareness. The study data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics methods and generalizations inference were made through correlation, regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) methods. The study established a moderate influence of effort expectancy, social influence, performance expectancy, threat appraisal and coping appraisal on Information Security Awareness (ISA). Facilitating conditions had a strong influence, while habit had a weak influence on ISA. General Terms Algorithms, Management, Performance, Design, Reliability, Experimentation, Security, Human Factors, Theory, Verification.
Structured Titanium TLIF Cage with and without Adjacent Level Dynamic Stabilization - A Retrospective 1-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Häckel Sonja , Gaff Jessica , Celenza Alana , Cunningham Greg , Kern Michael , Taylor Paul , Miles Andrew
Published: April 2024

Background: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) was developed to achieve interbody fusion without anterior access. Dynamic stabilization systems (DSS) were introduced to mitigate adjacent segment disease by providing less rigid fixation of the spinal segment. The objective of this study was to analyze if there is a different clinical and radiographic outcome with dynamic stabilization adjacent to fusion compared to TLIF alone.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study and analyzed all patients who underwent minimally invasive TLIF between 2019 and 2021. Demographic, perioperative, and patient-reported outcomes, including disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), pain (Visual Analog Scale for back and leg pain), and health-related quality of life (HrQoL), were collected. The primary outcome was the ODI at the 12-month follow-up. Interbody fusion rates were assessed by CT scans 12 months postoperatively.
Results: We included 82 participants, divided into hybrid (n=41) and non-hybrid (n=42) techniques. The demographic analysis revealed a mean age of 62.1 years, with a majority of female participants (57%). Both groups showed significant improvement in the ODI and HrQoL scores at various time points (p>0.05). No significant differences were found between the hybrid and non-hybrid groups regarding surgical and clinical outcomes. Non-union was not statistically higher in the non-hybrid group (11.4%) compared to the hybrid cohort (2.7%; p=0.716).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes one year after minimally invasive TLIF procedures, regardless of the inclusion of DSS.
Parent and Service Provider Perspectives of a Digital Developmental Surveillance and Service Navigation Program, Watch Me Grow Electronic (WMG-E), in Rural and Regional Australia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hawker Patrick J. , Barr Karlen R. , Winata Teresa , Wang Si , Smead Melissa , Kohlhoff Jane , Schmied Virginia , Jalaludin Bin , Lawson Kenny , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Lingam Raghu , Page Andrew , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Boydell Katherine , Lin Daniel P. , Katz Ilan , Dadich Ann , Raman Shanti , Grace Rebecca , Doyle Aunty Kerrie , McClean Tom , Mento Blaise Di , Preddy John , Woolfenden Susan , Eapen Valsamma
Published: April 2024

Background
Encouraging healthy childhood development and aiding the early identification of developmental difficulties are crucial to providing the best possible outcomes. Young children in rural areas are at a higher risk of missing timely developmental screening than their non-rural counterparts. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a digital developmental surveillance program with a service navigator, Watch Me Grow-Electronic (WMG-E), trialled in rural Australia via a randomised controlled trial (RCT).
Methods
Ten parents who participated in the RCT and six service providers were interviewed. All parents completed the WMG-E weblink questionnaire on their digital devices. Five parents in the intervention group received ongoing support from a service navigator after completing the questionnaire. Transcripts were analysed via reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
The study revealed barriers and enablers of both the existing Child and Family Health Services (CFHS) and the WMG-E program comprising of a weblink and service navigation. Enablers of the CFHS included the flexible service options and comprehensive support model, while also acknowledging the resource barriers and service capacity limitations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enablers of WMG-E weblink included its valuable feedback on child development, digital accessibility benefits, and user-friendly interface. Barriers of the WMG-E weblink included limited clinician oversight during survey completion, and technological barriers related to the digital format. Enablers of the WMG-E service navigation included the ability to address service gaps by connecting families to local services, provide support during waitlist periods, and alleviate the strain on understaffed remote healthcare facilities.
Conclusions
Access to digital support was perceived as particularly valuable during the COVID-19 pandemic when services were closed. The WMG-E program offers a promising avenue to improve the accessibility and uptake of developmental screening services in rural Australia when functioning in harmony with existing care providers.
Trial registration:
The study is part of a large randomised controlled trial (Protocol No. 1.0, Version 3.1) was registered with ANZCTR (registration number: ACTRN12621000766819) on July 21st, 2021 and reporting of the trial results will be according to recommendations in the CONSORT Statement.
The comparison of adverse events in combination with double beta-lactam antimicrobials: Ampicillin plus Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Cloxacillin with bloodstream infections.
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Daiki , Mori Nobuyoshi
Published: April 2024

Background: We frequently administered double beta-lactam, but the incidence rate of adverse events remains unclear. In Japan, only ampicillin/cloxacillin (ABPC/MCIPC) is available as anti-staphylococcal penicillin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Our goal was to investigates the adverse events of double beta-lactam.
Methods: Adult patients (≥18 years) with bacteremia treated with ABPC, ABPC+CTRX, or ABPC/MCIPC were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of adverse events. Chi-square and T-tests were used for bivariate analysis. To analyze acute kidney injury (AKI) events, Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models were performed. Propensity score (PS) matching was conducted to adjust for confounding factors.
Results: We included 277 ABPC, 57 ABPC+CTRX, and 43 ABPC/MCIPC patients. There were significant differences in age (71.1[standard deviation: SD 16.5], 64.0[16.9], 56.6[17.5]), number of male patients (62.5%, 47.4%, 72.1%), proportion of patients with qSOFA score ≥2 (23.1%, 64.4%, 41.9%), incidence of chronic kidney disease (39.0%, 35.1%, 18.6%), treatment duration[SD] (14.0 [12.1], 9.3 [8.8], 29.0 [19.2]), mechanical ventilation use (5.4%, 24.6%, 20.9%), vasopressor use (10.5%, 31.6%, 23.3%), and proportion of patients with AKI KDIGO grade ≥ 2 (9.0%, 12.3%, 30.2%). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference between ABPC and ABPC/MCIPC with hazard ratio of 1.83(95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.74, p=0.003) in AKI. In the PS-matched cohort, the incidence of AKI in AMPC/MCIPC was a significantly higher compared to the ABPC.
Conclusions: ABPC+CTRX may be safe under certain conditions, whereas ABPC/MCIPC presents a higher risk of AKI and may not be suitable.
Comparative Efficacy of Uterine Artery Embolization versus Laparoscopic Myomectomy in Treating Uterine Fibroids: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Wei Cunbao , Sun Xingwei , Li Shenzhi , Bai Xuming , Jin Yong
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the therapeutic effects of uterine artery embolization (UAE) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) on uterine fibroids to determine which treatment method is more beneficial for patients.
Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 396 patients who underwent UAE(n=153)or LM (n=243)treatment from April 2010 to September 2019. After 1:1 propensity score matching(PSM), a comparative analysis was conducted on surgical trauma magnitude, postoperative recovery time, improvement in associated symptoms and quality of life, surgical adverse events, recurrence rates, and further interventions.
Results: In PSM, 66 pairs (132 patients) were successfully matched. Both treatments significantly alleviated symptoms and enhanced quality of life. Compared to the LM group, the UAE group had less intraoperative bleeding (P<0.001), a lower rate of hemoglobin decrease (P<0.001), shorter operation, postoperative, and overall hospital stays (P<0.001), and a lower postoperative recurrence rate (P<0.05), all statistically significant. Moreover, the UAE group showed notable advantages in postoperative activities (P<0.05). However, UAE patients faced higher hospitalization costs (P<0.001). Adverse event rates (7.6% vs. 9.1%) and postoperative reintervention rates (7.6% vs. 7.6%) were relatively low and not significantly different between groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both UAE and LM can significantly improve patient symptoms and enhance their quality of life, and both treatment methods have low rates of adverse events and reinterventions. Compared to LM, UAE treatment for uterine fibroids presents advantages such as lesstrauma, faster recovery, and lower recurrence rate,but has higher treatment costs.
Transforming Language Acquisition: Advanced Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Second Language Education in Asia
Authors: Tran Tin Nghi , Nguyen Thang Tat
Published: April 2024

This paper explored the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in second language education (SLE) in a couple of Asian countries. The research sought to determine AI- technology contribution to L2 learning effectiveness, engagement, and motivation by considering their constantly changing linguistic, cultural, and technical environment. The paper reviewed crucial findings and the impact on EFL teachers and students by studying existing literature and empirical data from several Asian countries. The paper answered how AI should be used in language instruction, mainly by examining equal access and cultural adaptation. This paper aslo suggested some more further studies in the field of advanced machine learning technologies in language education. With this study, the author provided more information on how AI affected language learning and teaching in Asia, which is relevant to international language-learning efforts.
Case report: Prone positioning contributes to dose restriction of risk organs in a patient with an an extramedullary manifestation of myeloma in the breast
Authors: Sonnhoff Mathias , Blach Robert Maximilian , Nitsche Mirko
Published: April 2024

Introduction
With regards to the deterministic and stochastic mutation risk, the protection of organs at risk plays a critical key role in radiotherapy, particularly in curative intention in the treatment of young patients. In this context, correct positioning of the patient can make an important contribution to reduce the radiation dose applied to critical tissues and organs at risk. In this clinical case, we would like to demonstrate how correct and advanced positioning in modern radiotherapy significantly reduces the dose applied to surrounding tissues and organs at risk in a patient with extramedullary myeloma.
Method
A 42-year-old female patient presented with a sole extramedullary involvement of a myeloma in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. There was no evidence of serological or medullary disease activity.
Radiotherapy was applied to the left breast in the prone position with a cumulative dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions.
Results
By positioning the patient in prone position, radiotherapy was planned without exposing the organs at risk to relevant doses. Moreover, there was no indication of increased toxicity of the skin or mammary gland tissue Grade II° (CTCAE) or higher.
Discussion
This case report demonstrates how positioning can influence the protection of surrounding normal tissue and organs at risk.
Facile encapsulation of glabridin in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF- 8): Characterization, antibacterial activity and in-vitro drug release
Authors: Amur Safdar Ali , Soomro Najaf Ali , Khuhro Quratulain , Wang Mingxia , Tariq Muhammad , Munwar Junaid , Karim Naveed , Liang Hao
Published: April 2024

In this research, a natural bioactive glabridin (Glab) flavonoid compound was encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) via one-pot technique at room temperature. Herein, ~98.7% of drug was encapsulated into ZIF-8 coreshell, which depicted 28.44% drug encapsulation productivity of ZIF-8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV‒Vis spectroscopy and X‑ray crystallography (XRD) confirmed the drug encapsulation. Next, the newly constructed nanomaterials were greatly studied with, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) technologies. SEM and TEM showed hexagonal morphology of Glab@ZIF-8 and an increased particle size to that of ZIF-8 i.e., 138.62±5.4 nm and 91.69±6.2 nm, respectively. TGA depicted 32.14% Glab@ZIF-8 material’s decomposition at 644 °C. The antibacterial efficacy of Glab@ZIF-8 was found superior against S. aureus than E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, resulting 26±0.01 mm, 23±0.02 mm and 11±0.01 mm inhibition zones and MIC values 31.2 µg, 62.5 µg and 125 µg, separately. Though, the Glab@ZIF-8 kept in an acidic medium (pH 5) for 72 h showed highest drug release 89.76% as compared to the pH 5.5 (81.23%) and pH 7.4 (24.78%). In conclusion, ZIF-8 remained a potential drug delivery system and Glab@ZIF-8 nanocomposite can be accredited for broader biomedical applications to cure infection diseases and malignant cells.
Uterocervical angle and cervical length measurements for preterm birth prediction in low-risk singleton pregnant women: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hoang Trang Nguyen Nguyen Thi , Van Tam Vu , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy
Published: April 2024

Purpose Preterm birth is the leading cause of early neonatal morbidity and mortality. Strategies to predict preterm birth risk can help improve pregnancy outcomes. Even pregnant women without known risk factors for preterm birth can also experience it. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the uterocervical angle and cervical length to predict preterm birth in low-risk singleton pregnant women. Methods A prospective study of 1,107 singleton pregnant women between 16+ 0 and 23+ 6 weeks gestation at low risk for preterm birth who were treated at the Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vietnam, between September 2020 and September 2021 was conducted. A single sonographer assessed the cervical length and the uterocervical angle using transvaginal ultrasonography. The patients were followed up until delivery to determine the main pregnancy outcome (preterm birth before 37 weeks gestation). The cut-off points for the uterocervical angle and cervical length were established by analysing the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and positive and negative predictive values of the uterocervical angle and cervical length for predicting preterm birth were determined. Results A uterocervical angle ≥ 98.86° predicted preterm birth at < 37 weeks, with a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 75.5%, respectively. A cervical length ≤ 33.8 mm predicted preterm birth at < 37 weeks with a sensitivity and specificity of 25% and 66%, respectively. A uterocervical angle ≥ 98.96° combined with a cervical length ≤ 33.8 mm increased the positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and accuracy of preterm birth prediction to 36%, 8.87, and 91%, respectively. Conclusion Compared to the cervical length, the uterocervical angle can be considered a valuable ultrasound parameter for predicting preterm birth in low-risk singleton pregnant women. Combining both the uterocervical angle and cervical length yielded stronger preterm birth prediction values.
Haemoglobin types and variant interference with HbA1c and its association with uncontrolled HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Malaba Joseph , Kosiyo Paul , Guyah Bernard
Published: April 2024

Diabetes mellitus is among the leading global health concerns, causing over 1.5 million deaths alongside other significant comorbidities and complications. Conventional diagnosis involves estimating fasting, random blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance test. For monitoring purposes, long-term glycaemic control has been achieved through the measurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) which is considered reliable and preferred tool. However, its estimation could be affected by haemoglobin types like HbA0, HbA2, and HbF concentrations whose magnitude remains unclear as well as other haematological parameters. As such, the current study determined the association between HbA1c and haemoglobin types and determined correlation between haemoglobin types and haematological parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to healthy non-diabetic participants. In this cross-sectional study, participants [n = 144 (72 per group), ages 23-80 years] at the Bungoma County Referral Hospital were recruited using simple random sampling. HbA1c and other Haemoglobin variants were measured using ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by the Bio-Rad D-10 machine (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc). Haematological parameters were measured using the Celtac G MEK-9100K machine (Nihon Kohden Europe). Chi-square (c2) analysis was used to determine the differences between proportions. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare laboratory characteristics between (T2DM) patients and non-diabetics. With HbA0 as the reference group, association between HbA1c and haemoglobin types was determined using multivariate logistic regression. Correlation between haemoglobin types and haematological parameters was determined using Pearson correlation. HbA1c is associated with reduced HbA0 [OR=0.949, 95% CI=0.914-0.986, p=0.007], reduced HbA2 [OR=0.275, 95% CI=0.146-0.489, p=0.001] and reduced HbF [OR=0.322, 95% CI=0.140-0.745, p=0.008]. Further, HCT had a negative correlation with HbAO and a positive correlation with HbAS in participants with controlled diabetes. MCV and MCH had a negative correlation with HbF. The MCH had a negative correlation with HbA2 in participant with uncontrolled diabetes. The study concluded that HbA1c is significantly associated with reduced haemoglobin types (HbA0, HbA2, HbSS, and HbF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus hence levels of various haemobglobin types should be considered in monitoring glycaemic control.
Cell Viability or Image-based Analysis: Evaluation of Dose Response of Patient-derived Cancer Organoids to Irradiation
Authors: Yu Haina , Lin Canfeng , Li Jing , Chen LiFeng , Liu Weizhen , Liu Hualong , Yao Ye
Published: April 2024

Patient-derived cancer organoids emerged as an innovative model in basic and translational medicine research, as well as precision medicine. However, most radiation oncologists are still unaware of the value of organoids in radiation oncology research, especially in precision radiation oncology. The methods for assessment of organoids cell death after irradiation was also undefined. In this study, three organoid lines were successfully established from the surgical specimens of rectal cancer patients. These organoid lines displayed diverse architecture and captured heterogeneity of the tumors. Genetic characterization of rectal cancer organoids showed that the most frequently mutated genes and pathways among rectal cancer tumors also presented in rectal cancer organoids. Our results also revealed that cancer organoids were easy to use for the research of radiobiology of cancer. The survival of rectal cancer organoids after X rays irradiation could be validated by image-based analysis, while the cell viability tested by cell counting kit-8 failed. The survival curves generated from imaging analysis were more representative, which had an initial linear slope, followed by a shoulder, and tended to become straight again. As far as we know, this was the first study to investigate the appropriate testing method of using organoids to study cancer radiosensitivity, suggesting that image-based analysis is more accurate than cell viability.