bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of ECG artifacts from EMG signals with different artifact magnitudes by template subtraction
Authors: Kahl Lorenz , Hofmann Ulrich G.
Published: September 2019

This work investigates the performance of eventsynchronous noise cancelling algorithms to separate ECG artifacts from thoracic EMG recordings. In focus are the precise detection of heart beats, the exact time alignment of the QRS segments and the construction of a template QRS signal. Among the utilized methods is a modified structural intensity (SI) approach based on the observation of extrema in low pass filtered versions of the second derivative as a detector. An adoption of this approach is also used to obtain the exact time alignment of QRS segments. Artificial test signals are constructed based on addition of ECG and sEMG with different magnitudes. We show that approaches based on the observation of extrema in different scales yield superior results.
Evaluation of inertial Sensors and optical measurement methods for head and shoulder angle motion analysis
Authors: Mayr Oliver , Tadayon Puian , Felderhoff Thomas
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of inertial sensors and stationary camera-based measuring methods for the application of detecting head and shoulder angles. For this purpose three inertial sensor modules from Shimmer Sensing and a Kinect 2 camera system are used. The recorded data of both systems are converted into a comparable form. Based on an evaluation of the recorded measurement data, the inertial sensor and the camera-based methods are compared with regard to their suitability for detecting movements in the head and shoulder area.
An efficient ECG Denoising method using Discrete Wavelet with Savitzky-Golay filter
Authors: Samann Fars , Schanze Thomas
Published: September 2019

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used tool for the early diagnosis and evaluation of cardiac disorders. The ECG signal is usually distorted during recording by different types of noise which may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Therefore, clear ECG signals are required to support good cardiac disorder diagnosing. In this paper, an efficient ECG denoising method using combined discrete wavelet with Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter is proposed. The performance of S-G filter is studied in terms of polynomial degree and frame size, i.e. signal section. In addition, the performance of denoising wavelet is studied in term of mother wavelet type and wavelet order. The advantage of S-G filter is combined with discrete wavelet denoising method to get better denoising performance. The performance of denoising ECG are evaluated using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and percentage root mean square difference (PRD). For this we used simulated and gaussian white noise surrogated ECG signals. Our results show that combined S-G and wavelet filter denoising is noticeable better than the respective individual procedures. In addition, we found that the selection of frame size, order of the S-G filter and the wavelet type and order should be done carefully in order to get optimal results. It also holds true for the new filter that the optimal choice of filter parameters is a compromise between noise reduction and distortion.
Automatic image analysis system to measure wound area in vitro
Authors: Dawn Parente Jacquelyn , Dhamodharan Adchiya , Hensler Sabine , Kuhlbach Claudia , Mueller Margareta M. , Möller Knut
Published: September 2019

In-vitro wound area measurement tracks the rate of wound healing. This project develops and validates an automatic image analysis system to calculate wound area from digital images of an in-vitro 3D tissue model wounded with a biopsy punch. The algorithms were evaluated for repeatability, reliability, and reproducibility, and validated against a known area. Repeatability was checked through repeated measurements under repeated conditions. Reproducibility was evaluated using a Bland Altman plot and paired t-test. Reliability was validated using an image of a known pixel area as a control. The validated image analysis system then calculated wound area from the digital camera and microscope images obtained from an in vitro photo biomodulation treatment experiment. A total of 48 wounded tissues were grouped into red and blue light treatment groups and untreated controls. All daily images were fed into the image analysis system to calculate wound area. The wound area (normalized by day 0) is plotted along the 2-week treatment experiment period to observe wound area in time. The normalised wound area plotted across treatment days show no change in wound area during the treatment period. Future work will adapt the imaging system for visualizing the reepithelialisation cell front marked by live dyes.
Enhancing the biocompatibility of siliconepolycarbonate urethane based implant materials
Authors: Athanasopulu Kiriaki , Kutuzova Larysa , Thiel Joana , Lorenz Günter , Kemkemer Ralf
Published: September 2019

Polyurethane-bases block copolymers (TPCUs) are block-copolymers with systematically varied soft and hard segments. They have been suggested to serve as material for chondral implants in joint regeneration. Such applications may require the adhesion of chondrocytes to the implant surface, facilitating cell growth while keeping their phenotype. Thus, aims of this work were (i) to modify the surface of soft biostable polyurethane-based model implants (TPCU and TSiPCU) with high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) using an optimized multistep strategy of immobilization, and (ii) to evaluate bioactivity of the modified TPCUs in vitro. Our results show no cytotoxic potential of the TPCUs. HAbioactive molecules (Mw =700kDa) were immobilized onto the polyurethane surface via polyethylenimine (PEI) spacers, and modifications were confirmed by several characterization methods. Tests with porcine chondrocytes indicated the potential of the TPCU-HA for inducing enhanced cell proliferation.
Characterization of Atrial Septal Defect Occluders by right and left atrial pull-out forces
Authors: Brudsche Markus , Ismer Bruno , Haas Nikolaus A.
Published: September 2019

Occluders made of the shape memory alloy Nitinol are commonly used to close Atrial Septal Defects (ASD). Until now, standard parameters are missing defining the mechanical properties of these implants. In this study, we developed a special measuring setup for the determination of the mechanical properties of customly available occluders (i.e. Occlutech Figulla® Flex II 29ASD12 and AGA AMPLATZER™ 9-ASD-012).
Development of an in vitro test procedure for the characterization of left atrial appendage occluder devices
Authors: Borowski Finja , Kaule Sebastian , Siewert Stefan , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Stiehm Michael , Öner Alper Ö , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2019

The implantation of an occluder in the left atrial appendage (LAA) is an emerging therapy for the treatment of patients suffering from atrial fibrillation and with a contraindication to oral anticoagulation. The LAA occluder (LAAO) provides a reduction of the potential risk of strokes by thromboembolism. Currently, only a few CE-approved devices are available on the market and the number of clinical trials is comparatively low. Furthermore, there is currently no standardized test method available for testing functionality of the occluder, especially for testing safe anchorage and permeability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish an in vitro test method to prove anchorage mechanism and permeability regarding thromboembolism of the LAAO under physiological conditions. A standardized technical and fully parameterized silicone model of a LAA, based on studies of different morphologies and sizes, was developed. The LAA model was mounted onto the left atrial chamber of a commercial pulse duplicator system to simulate physiological hemodynamic conditions. The test was performed using the Watchman device (Boston Scientific, USA; size: 31 mm). The inner implantation diameter of the LAA model was designed according to a target compression of 10% for the Watchman device in the implanted configuration. Furthermore, thrombus-like particles (n=150, d=1,7±0,05 mm) were added to represent the flushing of thrombi out of the LAA after device implantation. Within several cycles it was confirmed that no particles were washed out of the LAA model with the implanted occluder leading to a full protection against thromboembolism. It could also be shown that the occluder is firmly anchored in the LAA. Pressure measurements with sensors in the left atrium and in the LAA distal to the occluder could also show that the occluder has no influence on the pressure conditions in the LAA.
Non-destructive analysis of drug content in polymer coatings with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Reske Thomas , Wulf Katharina , Eickner Thomas , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan
Published: September 2019

The analysis of device drug content typically is carried out by means of chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). These approved methods are particularly fast, cost-efficient and ubiquitous in chemical-analytical laboratories. However, these quantitative methods necessitate the drug being eluted, which represents a destructive process. A novel alternative to these well-established methods [1, 2] is the Raman spectroscopy, which is fast and cost-efficient, as well [3]. Additionally, it offers the advantage of nondestructive analysis without the need for a special sample preparation. Within the current investigation we applied Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexamethasone (DMS), a glucocorticoid, incorporated in a silicone matrix. The investigation was conducted in a rectangular area on the sample surface. The required number of measuring points (spectra) was determined. Calibration was performed with samples containing different amounts of DMS. The evaluation of Raman spectra is based on the analysis of the peak areas of the bands at 795 rel. cm-1(silicone) and 1,663 rel. cm-1(DMS). Remarkably, next to a precise overview of DMS distribution, an exact and reproducible quantification of incorporated DMS could be obtained.
Method for the improvement of mechanical properties of biodegradable polymeric scaffolds
Authors: Schümann Kerstin , Arbeiter Daniela , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2019

At present, a main focus in the field of stent technologies is on the development of biodegradable polymeric stents. Due to inferior material characteristics of polymers compared to permanent metals stents require thicker stents struts to accomplish adequate mechanical properties. Therefore, a thermo-mechanical treatment of polymeric stents was tested, which showed a positive effect on mechanical stent characteristics.
Pressure sensor emulator to improve longterm stability of heart valve testing systems
Authors: Tautorat Carsten , Kaule Sebastian , Kaminsky Jörg , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels , Schmidt Wolfram
Published: September 2019

Fluid mechanical characterization of artificial heart valve prostheses requires reliable measurement of temperature, flow and pressure at normal heart rate. In vitro fatigue test procedures of artificial heart valve prostheses can take several months with up to 400 million cycles to assess valve performance and durability under simulated cardiac conditions at increased pulse frequency. In both cases, a minimum of user interventions for recalibration are required. In these tests, pressure data are collected for hydrodynamic heart valve characterization and for closed-loop control of pressure loading. In our study, the improvement of commercial heart valve testing systems (Vivitro Pulse Duplicator, Vivitro Labs Inc. and VDT-3600i, BDC Laboratories) is considered by substituting the built-in disposable pressure sensors (lifetime: one week) by longterm stable sensors. The selected highly accurate sensors (86A, TE Connectivity Corp.) provide amplified, linearized, calibrated and temperature compensated analog output signals. Their stainless steel construction allows for high media compatibility with corrosive liquids. Due to different sensitivity characteristics, these sensors are not fully compatible to the testing devices. To overcome this limitation, application-specific emulator interfaces were developed to connect the new sensors to the data acquisition part of the validated valve testing systems. To stay consistent with manufacturer’s device and software specification, we utilized fast analog signal conditioning, including scaling, offset calibration, out of range alarm and status indication. Compared to the originally equipped pressure sensors, emulator parameters, such as pressure range, precision, resolution and accuracy remained unchanged or even improved. For system verification the response characteristic, long-term stability and dynamic properties were examined in comparative studies
Experimental and numerical investigations of a small animal coil for ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (7T)
Authors: Garcia Maíra M. , Oliveira Tiago R. , Papoti Daniel , Chaim Khallil T. , Otaduy Maria C. G. , Erni Daniel , Zylka Waldemar
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this work was to develop and investigate a radiofrequency (RF) coil to perform image studies on small animals using the 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, installed in the imaging platform in the autopsy room (Portuguese acronym PISA), at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, which is the unique 7T MRI scanner installed in South America. Due to a high demand to create new specific coils for this 7T system, it is necessary to carefully assess the distribution of electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by the coils and evaluate the patient/object safety during MRI procedures. To achieve this goal 3D numerical methods were used to design and analyse a 8-rungs transmit/receive linearly driven birdcage coil for small animals. Calculated magnetic field (B1) distributions generated by the coil were crosschecked with measured results, indicating good confidence in the simulated results. Electric field results were post-processed and predictions of local specific absorption rate (SAR) values were achieved for a spherical phantom filled with muscle-like tissue, indicating that the sample would not suffer any unsafe deposition of energy. Post mortem abdomen images obtained from a rat presented good image quality and no artifacts related to field non-homogeneity were observed.
A step towards enzyme-free tissue dissociation
Authors: Scheuermann Stefan , Schäfer Armin , Langejürgen Jens , Reis Christian
Published: September 2019

The future of personalized diagnostics commences on the single cell level. Even high-end technologies like Next Generation Sequencing can be improved if applied on pure single cell populations (e.g., tumor cells without contaminating stromal cells) or on a single cell level (DNA/RNA sequencing). The vast majority of these technologies need individual and preferably undistorted cells for the analytical process. Thus, decisive prerequisite for high-end analytics is to remove cells from their tissue matrix as gently as possible. This can be accomplished by an enzyme-free, fast and reproducible approach of generating pure and individual single cells from tissue samples. In this study we demonstrate the utility of a semi-automated Tissue Grinder that is compatible with standard 50 ml centrifuge tubes and standard cell strainer for mechanically, nonenzymatic and parallel processing of tissue samples. We show that without enzymatic treatment viable single-cell yields match or exceed reference enzymatic methods, while reducing processing time by at least 80%.
A new approach to quickly edit geometries and estimate stresses and displacements of implants in real-time
Authors: Fleischmann Christopher , Leher Irina , Hartwich Reinhold , Hainke Marc , Sesselmann Stefan
Published: September 2019

Although osteosynthesis plates rarely break, such cases still occur. Since the construction of these plates is mainly focussing on the best fit for anatomical structures, they may not provide optimal mechanical stability. It should be considered whether they might be changed in terms of e.g. hole size and number. Finite element analysis can help to estimate whether the plates will withstand loads or break. However, these analyses can be very time-consuming. To counteract this problem, a new software solution (ANSYS Discovery Live) has been established for estimation of stresses in real time. In this study the accuracy of the new software was compared to a conventional finite element analysis software solution to investigate whether this software solution provides appropriate accuracy to be used for medical applications.
MRI flow measurements with a flexible stenosis phantom
Authors: Ibbeken Alina , Gurumurthy Pragathi , Zell Fenja , Hagen Christina , Koch Martin A. , Buzug Thorsten M.
Published: September 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder caused by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep due to a shift of soft tissues. To optimise the treatment, one needs a better understanding of the patient-specific causes of OSA. As a first step, a flexible tube with a stenosis was manufactured, representing a simple model of the pharynx geometry. The phantom has been used to carry out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow sensitive measurements, to investigate the flow conditions that lead to the collapse. This contribution is concerned with the comparison and analysis of the flow and phantom deformation using varying boundary conditions, such as the Reynolds number and transmural pressure.
Development of a constitutive law for numerical simulation of artificial leaflet-structures for transcatheter heart valve prostheses
Authors: Pfensig Sylvia , Arbeiter Daniela , Kohse Stefanie , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Kaule Sebastian , Stiehm Michael , Siewert Stefan
Published: September 2019

While the current generation of devices for minimally invasive treatment of severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis is based on xenogenic leaflet-material, artificial polymeric leaflet-structures represent a promising approach for future improvement of heart valve performance. For enhanced long-term success of polymeric leafletstructures, limitations regarding calcification and durability have to be addressed. The objective of the presented study was the development of a constitutive law representing the material properties of artificial polymeric leaflet-structures of transcatheter heart valve prostheses in numerical simulation to assess the in silico leaflet-performance. Mechanical characterization of cast films and nonwoven specimens of a polycarbonate based silicone elastomer were conducted by means of uniaxial tension and planar shear testing, respectively. For validation purposes, experimental data were compared with the results of finite-element analysis (FEA) using different hyperelastic models. Strain energy function for third-order ogden hyperelastic model achieved the best fit of the non-linear stress-strain behavior of the isotropic polymeric material with the experimental data. It was chosen for further FEA of valve leaflet-performance under physiological pressurization to analyze the suitability of various manufacturing processes for polymeric leafletstructures. Therefore a specific leaflet-design with a wall thickness of 400 μm was used. As a result of FEA, time dependent leaflet-deformation, leaflet coaptation surface area (CSA) and leaflet opening area (LOA) of cast and nonwoven leaflet-structures were calculated. While LOA was comparable for cast and nonwoven leaflet-structures, obtained leaflet-dynamics in a cardiac cycle under physiological pressurization demonstrated crucial influence of the manufacturing process. For nonwoven leafletstructures, an enhanced CSA could be demonstrated in comparison to cast structures. FEA using a validated hyperelastic constitutive law represents a useful tool for in silico performance evaluation of polymeric leaflet-structures under physiological loading and proves the suitability of the polymeric artificial leaflet-material for percutaneous heart valve prostheses.
Investigation of the Inertial Cavitation Activity of Sonosensitive and Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications Employing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Authors: George Benedikt , Fink Michael , Ermert Helmut , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Hiltl Pia T. , Lee Geoffrey
Published: September 2019

An approach to improve chemotherapy, while minimizing side effects, is a local drug release close to the tumorous tissue. For this purpose, the active drug component is often bound to nanoparticles employed as drug carriers. In the present study, we investigate sonosensitive, biocompatible poly-(L)-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles, which shall be used as drug carriers. For drug release, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) will be employed to introduce inertial cavitation, which separates the active drug component from the drug carrier. The cavitation effect generates an acoustic noise signal, which characterizes the cavitation activity and is expected to serve simultaneously as an indicator for the release of the active drug component. Depending on the ultrasound frequency, different acoustic levels of the inertial cavitation activity were measured. Investigations using a setup for passive cavitation detection (PCD) deliver quantitative results regarding the frequency dependence of the cavitation activity level of nanoparticles and reference media.
Analysis of regulatory requirements of medical devices and in-vitro diagnostics worldwide for the development of an efficient procedure of registration for manufacturers of medical products
Authors: Kedwani Magdalena , Schröttner Jörg , Baumgartner Christian
Published: September 2019

Due to globalization and the quick development of technology, each government aims to ensure the safety and performance of products brought to their markets to protect its population. The peoples’ health state is of great significance and influenced easily by the quality of medical products. Therefore governments enact laws, directives and regulations to assure that quality. Nevertheless, these regulations can impede innovation and create trade barriers which result in an adverse effect on national economies. Where in some states no regulatory system is installed, others have highly sophisticated registration requirements that must be met. These diversities result in a challenge especially for small and medium sized companies, whose resources are often limited. [1] Manufacturers must control these diverse regulatory requirements by analyzing each market. Therefore an efficient procedure of registration should be defined that streamlines different registration requirements and ensures regulatory compliance. Next to regulatory authorities describing these requirements also harmonization groups play an important role in the design of the global regulatory landscape. Therefore also the most important harmonization groups and their current activities were investigated. The analysis showed that the impact of harmonization groups can be identified easily since new defined or updated regulatory requirements are oriented on their guideline. Still the harmonization of regulatory requirements in the medical device sector is not sufficiently enhanced. Thus the confrontation with each national regulatory system is inevitable.
Individual Avatar Feedback Creation for Assisted Motion Control
Authors: Lehmann Lars , Wiede Christian , Hirtz Gangolf
Published: September 2019

In Medical Training Therapy (MTT), the precise execution of the training exercises is of decisive importance for the success of the therapy. Currently, a therapist has to treat up to 15 patients simultaneously on an outpatient basis. We propose, an assistance system, can evaluate both quantity and quality of the movement performed using a target-oriented model and give recommendations for action directly to the patient by means of feedback. An avatar in traffic light colours signals in which body region an error has occurred. The individualisation of the underlying three-dimensional avatar increases the willingness of the patients to participate in the exercises without the supervision of therapist. The monitored error frequency was decreased by 50% by the assistance system.
Application interactive methods and technologies of teaching chemistry
Authors: Sadykov Timur , Čtrnáctová Hana
Published: September 2019

Currently, chemistry education solves problems related to the definition of new values in order to improve the quality of education, personal development of the pupils, and problems of the teaching strategies that will stimulate the interest and commitment of the students for the natural sciences. The emphasis is on interactive teaching, using the subject matter in practice with ICT. Therefore, our goal is to create and verify an interactive chemistry course for lower secondary schools based on the characteristics of interactive, ICT-connected education and more interesting presentation of the subject matter. The first stage of our work consisted of an analysis of previous studies to establish the theoretical foundations on which to the base the use of ICT. Next, we have presented some of the developed methodological options, which illustrate the ability to use interactive methods. In the second stage, according to the different interactive chemistry programs and analysis of curriculum of the chemistry subject in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan, we developed interactive teaching materials for chemistry lessons with interesting embedded content for lower secondary schools. In the next stage, all prepared materials will be verified and eventually adapted into the final form for use in chemistry teaching.
Association between tumor necrosis factor-α gene-1031T/C promoter polymorphism and endometriosis in a European population
Authors: Drakou Anastasia , Mavrogianni Despoina , Ntzeros Konstantinos , Protopapas Athanasios , Drakakis Petros , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: September 2019

Background

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of TNF-α-1031T/C polymorphism with the genetic susceptibility of endometriosis in a European population.

Materials and methods

In this case-control study, 51 endometriosis patients and 67 healthy control women participated. We used endometrial tissue from the patients and peripheral blood from the healthy women to extract DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and the restriction enzyme Bbs I were used to analyze the -1031 T/C polymorphism in theTNF-αgene promoter region. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test. We also calculated the odds ratios.

Results

In the group of patients, 66.7% of women were detected with the TT genotype, 33.3% with the TC genotype and 0% with the CC genotype while in the control group, 46.3% had the TT genotype, 47.8% had the TC genotype and 6% had the CC genotype. There was a significant association between the TT genotype with endometriosis (p = 0.03). There was no significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Conclusions

The TC and CC genotypes appeared more often in the healthy women than the endometriosis patients and this shows that the C allele might have a protective role in endometriosis in the Greek population. Further studies are needed to specify the role of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of endometriosis and the mechanisms that protect the patients from the disease.
Effects of Microwave and Cold Plasma Assisted Hydrodistillation on Lemon Peel Oil Extraction
Authors: Pragna C. H. , Ranjitha Gracy T. K. , Mahendran R. , Anandharamakrishnan C.
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of lemon peel oil extraction. Microwave pre-treated lemon peel powder was exposed to plasma treatment (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kV) for 10 min. The treated lemon peel powders were subjected to hydrodistillation to extract the essential oil and the extraction yields were calculated. The extracted oil was analyzed for chemical composition with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Effect of plasma on the surface morphology of the lemon peel was observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which revealed the formation of fissures and cracks owing to the higher extraction yield. Plasma treatment at 2.5 kV was observed higher extraction yield than conventional hydrodistillation (149.34 % rise) and the chemical composition of plasma treated sample essential oil remains significantly unchanged. Thus, DBD plasma could be a promising technique to enhance the lemon peel essential oil extraction.
Holistic Nursing Values in Nurse Practitioner Education
Authors: Kinchen Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Much has been written about the inclusion of holistic nursing values and practices in undergraduate nursing education, but their inclusion and influence in advanced practice nursing education has not been fully explored. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are nurses, so it is assumed that the nursing perspective provides a framework for NP education and practice, and that NP education represents the blending of a holistic nursing approach with medical diagnosis and treatment. Nurse practitioners are taking increasing responsibility for filling the gap in primary healthcare availability in the U.S., and in the current political and economic healthcare climate, NPs are in a position to promote primary care models that honor comprehensive, patient-centered, and relationship-based care. As a result, it becomes essential to quantify the inclusion of these values in NP educational programs and coursework, as instilling core values for practice begins in educational environments. This quantitative, descriptive study explored the inclusion of holistic nursing values by NP faculty, using the Nurse Practitioner Holistic Caring Instrument (NPHCI). The NPHCI exhibited quite high reliability and validity in the sample, including confirmation of its three subscales. Survey results suggest that NP faculty actively incorporate holistic nursing values in educational coursework, and that age, length of time teaching in NP programs, highest educational degree, and academics as the primary area of practice were important indicators of the inclusion of holistic nursing values in NP program curricula. Findings add to knowledge of NP education, but further study is warranted.
Nursing Students’ Perceived Self-Efficacy and the Generation of Medication Errors with the Use of an Electronic Medication Administration Record (eMAR) in Clinical Simulation
Authors: Chan Ryan , Booth Richard , Strudwick Gillian , Sinclair Barbara
Published: September 2019

Medication errors continue to be a significant issue, posing substantial threats to the safety and well-being of patients. Through Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy, nursing students’ self-efficacy (confidence) related to medication administration was examined to investigate its influence on the generation of medication errors with the use of an Electronic Medication Administration Record (eMAR) in clinical simulation. This study examined the generation of medication errors and the differences that may exist based on nursing students’ perceived confidence. The findings of this study demonstrated that nursing students continue to generate medication errors within clinical simulation. No differences in the generation of medication errors were found between nursing students with perceived high levels of confidence and those with perceived low levels of confidence (one exception noted). Further examination of the variables and contextual factors related to safe medication administration practices is required to inform nursing education and practice.
A note on the effect of surface topography on adhesion of hard elastic rough bodies with low surface energy
Authors: Violano Guido , Demelio Giuseppe , Afferrante Luciano
Published: September 2019

Adhesion between bodies is strongly influenced by surface roughness. In this note, we try to clarify how the statistical properties of the contacting surfaces affect the adhesion under the assumption of long-range adhesive interactions.

Specifically, we show that the adhesive interactions are influenced only by the roughness amplitude hrms, while the rms surface gradient h0rmsonly affects the non-adhesive contact force. This is a remarkable result if one takes into account the intrinsic difficulty in defining $h_{\mathrm{rms}}^{^{\prime }}.$

Results are also corroborated by a comparison with self-consistent numerical calculations.
microRNA-16 via Twist1 inhibits EMT induced by PM2.5 exposure in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Zhihu
Published: September 2019

Epidemiological study has confirmed that PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) is associated with the incidence and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the pro-metastatic effects of PM2.5 on human HCC cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro and to explore the underlying mechanisms. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the effect of PM2.5 on the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells; scratch wound assay and transwell matrigel system has been used to examine the effect of PM2.5 on the migration and invasion ability of SMMC-7721 cells; furthermore, effect of PM2.5 on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SMMC-7721 cells were examined by examining the EMT markers vimentin, ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑ-SMA), and E-cadherin; furthermore, the roles of microRNA-16 (miR-16) and its target Twist1 in PM2.5 induced carcinogenic effects were also examined. Results of CCK-8 assay suggested that PM2.5 promoted the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. PM2.5 also markedly promoted the migration and invasion ability of SMMC-7721 cells. Moreover, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also triggered by PM2.5. On the other hand, microRNA-16 (miR-16) and its target Twist1 was found to be mediated by PM2.5, and miR-16 mimic could suppress the metastatic ability of SMMC-7721 cells exposure to PM2.5 via inversely regulating the expression of Twist1. Furthermore, dual Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the specifically binding of miR-16 to the predicted 3′-UTR of Twist1. The present study confirmed the pro-proliferative and pro-metastatic effect of PM2.5 on HCC cell line SMMC-7721. The possible mechanisms were EMT process induced by PM2.5 in SMMC-7721 cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in miR-16 and increase in Twist1 expression.
Dihydromyricetin attenuates inflammation through TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway
Authors: Jing Nianshui , Li Xinnan
Published: September 2019

Microglia plays a complex role in neuroinflammation, which has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Dihydromyricetin (DHM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in microglial BV-2 cells. Cell viability was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of p-p65, p-IκBα, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) were analyzed by western blot. The present study showed that DHM treatment alleviated LPS-induced viability reduction, suppressed the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL‐1β and TNF-α, inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, and attenuated the activation of NF-кB and TLR4 signaling in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, DHM exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells, possibly through TRL4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Disengagement in the Digital Age: A Virtue Ethical Approach to Epistemic Sorting on Social Media
Authors: Worden Kirsten J.
Published: September 2019

Using the Aristotelian virtue of friendship and concept of practical wisdom, this paper argues that engaging in political discourse with friends on social media is conducive to the pursuit of the good life because it facilitates the acquisition of the socio-political information and understanding necessary to live well. Previous work on social media, the virtues, and friendship focuses on the initiation and maintenance of the highest form of friendship (Aristotle’s ‘ideal friendship’) online. I argue that the information necessary to live well can come from non-ideal, civic friends in addition to ideal friends. In order to acquire this information successfully via social media, users should practice inclusive engagement, self-control, discretion, and audience-sensitivity in their cyber interactions. This argument is salient given the current concerns about ‘echo chambers’ or ‘filter bubbles’, in which users ignore or block out friends and news sources that support political perspectives different from one’s own.
Gate-tunable metafilm absorber based on indium silicon oxide
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Ran , Chorsi Hamid T. , Britton Wesley A. , Chen Yuyao , Iyer Prasad P. , Schuller Jon A. , Negro Luca Dal , Klamkin Jonathan
Published: September 2019

In this work, reconfigurable metafilm absorbers based on indium silicon oxide (ISO) were investigated. The metafilm absorbers consist of nanoscale metallic resonator arrays on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) multilayer structures. The ISO was used as an active tunable layer embedded in the MIM cavities. The tunable metafilm absorbers with ISO were then fabricated and characterized. A maximum change in the reflectance of 57% and up to 620 nm shift in the resonance wavelength were measured.
Crystal structure of 2-butyl-6-(ethylamino)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione, C18H20N2O2
Authors: Liu Peilian , Jiang Fangru , Huang Guiyuan , Sun Ying , Huang Liping
Published: September 2019

C18H20N2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 27.5693(13) Å, b = 8.3005(4) Å, c = 16.8797(8) Å, β = 127.0225(12)°, V = 3084.0(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0642, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2248, T = 293(2) K.
MHD Peristaltic flow of a nanofluid in a constricted artery for different shapes of nanosized particles
Authors: Devaki Palluru , Venkateswarlu Bhumarapu , Srinivas Suripddi , Sreenadh Sreedharamalle
Published: September 2019

MHD peristaltic transport of copper-water nanofluid in an artery with mild stenosis for different shapes of nanoparticles is studied in this paper. The exact solution is obtained for velocity, temperature and pressure gradient. The influence of all the parameters on velocity, temperature and pressure gradient is observed. The effect of stenosis plays a vital role in this paper, as it finds its application in the field of medicine. It is observed that the nanofluid flows rapidly in the presence of stenosis, which helps in destroying of the stencils soon. The shape of the nanoparticle is another important point to be concentrated due to based on the shape of the nanoparticle the fluid flow depends. The shape of the nanoparticle should be considered as bricks to increase the velocity, temperature and the pressure gradient. But a reversed behavior is observed if the shape of the nanoparticle is chosen as platelets. Streamlines are also concentrated and it is observed that there are more number of boluses if the shape of the nanoparticle is chosen as bricks. The effect of volume of the solid nanoparticle and stenosis warrants further study of the flow of nanofluids in tube and channel.
Efficient preparation of PDMS-based conductive composites using self-designed automatic equipment and an application example
Authors: Su Fengchun , Zhao Zhongli , Liu Ying , Si Wuyan , Leng Chong , Du Yu , Sun Jingyao , Wu Daming
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the fabrication process of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microstructured conductive composites via differential temperature hot embossing was proposed based on the spatial confining forced network assembly theory. The mold temperature was kept constant throughout the whole embossing cycle in this method, whereas the setting temperatures of the upper and lower molds were different. To solve the problem of poor conveying performance, a double-station automatic hot embossing equipment was designed and developed. A “bullet-filled” accurate feeding system was designed aiming at the high viscosity and feeding difficulty of blended PDMS-based composites before curing. Dispersion mold and semifixed compression mold were designed according to different functional requirements of different workstations. The developed automatic hot embossing equipment had already been successfully applied to the continuous preparation of conductive composites with greatly improved processing precision and efficiency. Furthermore, the conductive composites with and without microstructures can be used as flexible sensors for pressure measurements.
Sustainable materials in automotive
Authors: Ryntz Rose , Kozora Susan
Published: September 2019

The use of plastic parts in the production of automobiles has a long and established history. In the more recent past, manufacturers have become interested in bio-based materials for a variety of parts, in part because they represent a more sustainable material stream, and in part because they may be more economically feasible. This chapter discusses the evolution from fossil fuel-based materials to bio-based materials in their established and potential uses for automotive parts.
Metrologie für heterogene Sensornetzwerke und Industrie 4.0
Authors: Eichstädt Sascha , Ludwig Björn
Published: September 2019

Netzwerke von Sensoren für verschiedene Messgrößen stellen zunehmend das Rückgrat für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsgebieten in beispielsweise Industrie, Maschinenbau und Umweltüberwachung dar. Dabei spielt das Zusammenführen der Daten (Sensorfusion) eine zentrale Rolle in der Anwendung und ist im Allgemeinen ein gut untersuchtes Forschungsgebiet. Die Berücksichtigung metrologischer Grundprinzipien wie Kalibrierung, Messunsicherheiten und damit Rückführung auf das SI-Einheitensystem für vergleichbare und reproduzierbare Messergebnisse ist jedoch vergleichsweise wenig untersucht. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert Grundsatzfragen, stellt Lösungsansätze aus dem aktuell laufenden EMPIR-Projekt “Metrology for the Factory of the Future” (Met4FoF) vor und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsfelder. Dabei fokussiert sich der Artikel auf das Anwendungsfeld der sog. „Industrie 4.0“ als „Fabrik der Zukunft“.
Simplistic Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Spherical ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared from Arabinose Solution
Authors: Abdulkhair Babiker Y. , Salih Mutaz E. , Elamin Nuha Y. , Fatima A. MA. , Modwi A.
Published: September 2019

Strenuous efforts have been employed to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) with eco-friendly methods; however, few studies have reported the fabrication of ZnO using a sustainable procedure. In this study, spherical ZnO nanoparticles were successfully fabricated for photocatalysis applications using a simple and eco-friendly method using an arabinose sugar solution. The ZnO nanoparticles with a wurtzite structure were obtained by combining zinc nitrate and arabinose in water, followed by heating, evaporation, and calcinations at different annealing temperatures. The annealed ZnO photocatalysts were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings revealed a hexagonal wurtzite structure and good crystallinity with crystallite size increasing from 18 to 31 nm by means of an increase in the annealing temperature. The photocatalytic performance was examined to determine the degradation of mix dye waste. The spherical ZnO nanoparticles showed mix pollutant degradation of 84 % in 25 min at 400 °C.
Study of the Absorption Properties of Terahertz Wave in the Plasma Medium
Authors: Liu Jian-Xiao , Meng Ling-Hui , Liu Yu-Jie , Feng Jun-Li , Yang Hong-Wei
Published: September 2019

In this article, we study about the absorption properties of terahertz (THz) wave in the magnetic plasma medium. Terahertz wave has strong transmission in plasma. Generally speaking, with the increase in THz wave frequency, the transmission in plasma is stronger. Thus, we can consider raising carrier frequency to THz band to solve the communication of “blackout.” We found that the absorption in magnetic plasma is greatly affected by magnetic field. The changes on the power absorption coefficient of the two kinds of eigen wave in magnetic plasma vary with how the outside magnetic field, incident angle, and the thickness of the plasma are obtained. The study found that following the increase in magnetic field, the absorption of left circularly polarised waves (L-wave) gradually reduces, and the right circularly polarised waves (R-wave) will produce two absorption peaks, and these two absorption peaks move to high frequency as a whole. With the increase in incident angle and the high spectrum absorption of L-wave enhancement, the reflection between the two absorption peaks of R-wave broadens. The reflection area on the left side of the low-frequency area to absorb has a little change. The absorption on the right side of the high-frequency area is enhancement. With the increase in the plasma thickness, the L-wave absorption peak on the right side of the high-frequency area absorbs enhancement; the R-wave reflection between the two absorption peak areas is impregnability, the second absorption peak absorption enhancement on the right side of the high-frequency area. The study has shown the different absorption mechanisms of the L-wave and the R-wave and shown different absorption features in magnetic plasma.