bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of egc-positive major clones ST 45, 30 and 22 among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible oral Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Kwapisz Ewa , Garbacz Katarzyna , Kosecka-Strojek Maja , Schubert Justyna , Bania Jacek , Międzobrodzki Jacek
Published: November 2020

The oral cavity may comprise a significant reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus but the data on molecular epidemiology and clonal distribution of oral strains are really scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the clonal relatedness in S. aureus isolated from oral cavity and their relationship with carriage of virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 139 oral S. aureus isolates were obtained from 2327 analysed oral samples of dental patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Isolates were characterized using protein A gene (spa) typing, spa-CC clonal complexes, toxin genes and SCCmec typing for MRSA. High resistance rates for penicillin, tetracycline and gentamicin were detected, respectively 58.3%, 42.4%, and 35.2%. Twelve (8.6%) S. aureus isolates were identified as MRSA. All of MRSA isolates were mecA-positive and mecC-negative. SCCmec IV was the most common type (66.7%), which was typical for community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Overall, the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) was the most frequent detected virulence factor (44.9%), both in MSSA and MRSA isolates. Presence of genes encoding for the enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, seh, sek), exfoliative toxin A (eta), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) was also observed. Strains carrying lukS-PV/lukF-PV genes belonged to SCCmecV- spa type t437. The most prevalent spa types were t091, t015, t084, t002, t571, and t026 among all 57 identified. Spa types, including 3 new ones, grouped in 6 different spa-CC clonal complexes, with four major dominated; CC45, CC30, CC5, and CC15. This study demonstrated that both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant major European clones of S. aureus could be isolated from the oral cavity of dental patients, with the emergence of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains. The oral cavity should be considered as a possible source of toxigenic egc-positive S. aureus strains, in terms of potential risk of cross-infection and dissemination to other body sites.
Antigen-specific immunotherapy combined with a regenerative drug in the treatment of experimental type 1 diabetes
Authors: Villalba Adrian , Rodriguez-Fernandez Silvia , Perna-Barrull David , Ampudia Rosa-Maria , Gomez-Muñoz Laia , Pujol-Autonell Irma , Aguilera Eva , Risueño Ruth M. , Cano-Sarabia Mary , Maspoch Daniel , Vázquez Federico , Vives-Pi Marta
Published: November 2020

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. To revert type 1 diabetes, the suppression of the autoimmune attack should be combined with a β-cell replacement strategy. It has been previously demonstrated that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, restores β-cell mass in type 1 diabetes, via α-cell transdifferentiation and neogenesis. We report here that treatment with liraglutide does not prevent type 1 diabetes in the spontaneous non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, but it tends to reduce leukocytic islet infiltration. However, in combination with an immunotherapy based on tolerogenic liposomes, it is effective in ameliorating hyperglycaemia in diabetic NOD mice. Importantly, liraglutide is not detrimental for the tolerogenic effect that liposomes exert on dendritic cells from patients with type 1 diabetes in terms of membrane expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, immunoregulation and activation. Moreover, the in vivo effect of the combined therapy was tested in mice humanised with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 1 diabetes, showing no adverse effects in leukocyte subsets. In conclusion, the combination therapy with liraglutide and a liposome-based immunotherapy is a promising candidate strategy for type 1 diabetes.
Intrinsic brain activity associated with eye gaze during mother–child interaction
Authors: Kuboshita Ryo , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Makita Kai , Kasaba Ryoko , Okazawa Hidehiko , Tomoda Akemi
Published: November 2020

Mother–child interactions impact child social development and psychological health. This study focused on eye-gaze interactions, especially eye contact as synchronized gaze, which is an important non-verbal communication tool in human interactions. We performed brain-image analysis of mothers and children using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and quantitatively evaluated the quality of mother–child interactions using the Interaction Rating Scale to investigate how it is related to the frequency of mother–child eye contact. As a result, we found a positive correlation between the frequency of eye gaze and the right anterior insula (AI) or middle frontal gyrus in children and a positive correlation with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus/cuneus in mothers.
Especially, when eye contact was made, the association with the right AI in children and ACC in mothers was retained, suggesting the involvement of the salience network responsible for modulating internal and external cognition. In addition, the frequency of eye contact was positively associated with the quality of mother–child interaction. These results suggest that the salience network is a major candidate for the neural basis involved in maintaining efficient eye contact and that it plays an important role in establishing positive mother–child interactions.
Chirality effects on an electron transport in single-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Charoenpakdee J. , Suntijitrungruang Ongart , Boonchui S.
Published: November 2020

In our work, we investigate characteristics of conductivity for single-walled carbon nanotubes caused by spin–orbit interaction. In the case study of chirality indexes, we especially research on the three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes which are the zigzag, the chiral, and the armchair. The mathematical analysis employed for our works is the Green-Kubo Method. For the theoretical results of our work, we discover that the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes impacts the interaction leading to the spin polarization of conductivity. We acknowledge such asymmetry characteristics by calculating the longitudinal current–current correlation function difference between a positive and negative wave vector in which there is the typical chiral-dependent. We also find out that the temperature and the frequency of electrons affect the function producing the different characteristics of the conductivity. From particular simulations, we obtain that the correlation decrease when the temperature increase for a low frequency of electrons. For high frequency, the correlation is nonmonotonic temperature dependence. The results of the phenomena investigated from our study express different degrees of spin polarization in each chiral of single-walled carbon nanotube and significant effects on temperature-dependent charge transport according to carrier backscattering. By chiral-induced spin selectivity that produces different spin polarization, our work could be applied for intriguing optimization charge transport.
Predictive biomarkers for the progression of ocular complications in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic Eeidermal necrolysis
Authors: Yoshikawa Yamato , Ueta Mayumi , Nishigaki Hiromi , Kinoshita Shigeru , Ikeda Tsunehiko , Sotozono Chie
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to clarify predictive biomarkers of mild and severe ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) by examining the cytokines in tears. In 121 chronic-phase SJS/TEN eyes, cytokines in tear samples collected using Schirmer test strips were measured, and ocular sequelae severity was evaluated using an Ocular Surface Grading Score (OSGS) involving 7 components (conjunctivalization, neovascularization, opacification, keratinization, symblepharon, and upper/lower conjunctival-sac shortening), with findings categorized into grades 0–3 (maximum total OSGS: 21). Changes in cytokines between the mild and severe groups (mild: total OSGS of 10 or less, severe: total OSGS of 11 or more), and changes between SJS/TEN cases with and without each of the 7 components, were compared. In the severe group, there was significant upregulation of interleukin (IL)-8 (P < 0.01) and Granzyme B (GrzB) (P < 0.05). IL-8 was significantly upregulated in eyes with conjunctivalization, neovascularization, or opacification, GrzB was upregulated in eyes with keratinization, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) was downregulated in eyes with conjunctivalization or neovascularization, and IL-1α was upregulated in eyes with opacification (all: P < 0.05). IL-8 and IP-10 was involved in conjunctivalization and neovascularization, while GrzB was involved in keratinization. IL-8 and GrzB in tears may reflect SJS/TEN-related ocular sequelae severity.
Using CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for mortality prediction in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hsu Po-Chao , Lee Wen-Hsien , Chen Szu-Chia , Tsai Yi-Chun , Chen Ying-Chih , Chu Chun-Yuan , Lin Tsung-Hsien , Voon Wen-Chol , Lai Wen-Ter , Sheu Sheng-Hsiung , Su Ho-Ming
Published: November 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health issue and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. How to identify the high-risk CKD patients is very important to improve the long-term outcome. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are clinically useful scores to evaluate the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, there was no literature discussing about the usefulness of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality prediction in CKD patients. This longitudinal study enrolled 437 patients with CKD. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated for each patient. CV and all-cause mortality data were collected for long-term outcome prediction. The median follow-up to mortality was 91 (25th–75th percentile: 59–101) months. There were 66 CV mortality and 165 all-cause mortality. In addition to age and heart rate, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores (both P value < 0.001) were significant predictors of CV and all-cause mortality in the multivariate analysis. Besides, in direct comparison of multivariate model, basic model + CHA2DS2-VASc score had a better additive predictive value for all-cause mortality than basic model + CHADS2 score (P = 0.031). In conclusion, our study showed both of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were significant predictors for long-term CV and all-cause mortality in CKD patients and CHA2DS2-VASc score had a better predictive value than CHADS2 score for all-cause mortality in direct comparison of multivariate model. Therefore, using CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores to screen CKD patients may be helpful in identifying the high-risk group with increased mortality.
Electrochemical, mechanistic, and DFT studies of amine derived diphosphines containing Ru(ii)–cymene complexes with potentin vitrocytotoxic activity against HeLa and triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231
Authors: da Silva Juliana P. , Fuganti Otávio , Kramer M. Gabriela , Facchin Gianella , Aquino Lucas E. N. , Ellena Javier , Back Davi F. , Gondim Ana C. S. , Sousa Eduardo H. S. , Lopes Luiz G. F. , Machado Silvane , Guimarães Ivelise D. L. , Wohnrath Karen , de Araujo Márcio P.
Published: November 2020

Electrochemical/chemical, cytotoxic and DNA interaction studies of P–NR–P containing ruthenium–cymene complexes [RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(P–NR–P)]X.
Comparison of the ionic conductivity properties of microporous and mesoporous MOFs infiltrated with a Na-ion containing IL mixture
Authors: Tuffnell Joshua M. , Morzy Jędrzej K. , Kelly Nicola D. , Tan Rui , Song Qilei , Ducati Caterina , Bennett Thomas D. , Dutton Siân E.
Published: November 2020

Hierarchically porous IL@MOF composite as a solid-state electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries and comparison with the analogous microcrystalline composite.
A high-performance tin phosphide/carbon composite anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Miao , Weng Guo-Ming , Yasin Ghulam , Kumar Mohan , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2020

Tin phosphide (SnxPy) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
A green separation process of Agviaa Ti4(embonate)6cage
Authors: Chen Guang-Hui , He Yan-Ping , Liang Fu-Pei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2020

A green supramolecular recovery process of Ag has been developed by using a highly charged anionic Ti4L6(L = embonate) cage as the extractant.
A broad view on the complexity involved in water oxidation catalysis based on Ru–bpn complexes
Authors: Ghaderian Abolfazl , Franke Alicja , Gil-Sepulcre Marcos , Benet-Buchholz Jordi , Llobet Antoni , Ivanović-Burmazović Ivana , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina
Published: November 2020

The nature or the active species involved in the catalytic water oxidation by a new coordinatively saturated Ru complex with the formula [Ru(bpn)(pic)2]Cl2(bpn: 2,2′-bi(1,10-phenanthroline), pic: 4-picoline) is investigated.
Integrated CO2 capture and one-pot production of methanol
Authors: Mandal Mrinmay
Published: November 2020

The integrated CO2 capture and one-pot production of MeOH using amine-based and alkali hydroxide-based systems are systematically presented. The suitability of the alkali hydroxide-based system over the amine-based system is highlighted in detail.
Phthalocyanine-polyoxotungstate lanthanide double deckers
Authors: Sarwar Sidra , Sanz Sergio , van Leusen Jan , Nichol Gary S. , Brechin Euan K. , Kögerler Paul
Published: November 2020

Two archetypal tetradentate ligands with square donor patterns, namely phthalocyanate and monolacunary Keggin-type polyoxotungstate, coordinate to rare earth ions to yield Cs-symmetric heteroleptic double-decker complexes.
Growth ofLegionelladuring COVID-19 lockdown stagnation
Authors: Rhoads William J. , Hammes Frederik
Published: November 2020

While “avoiding stagnation” has been the mantra of building water experts, support for how this terminology is used is not overly convincing. Carefully nuanced COVID stagnation studies can improve water quality research and communication strategies.
Flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers exert antitumor activity in colorectal cancer through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis, senescence and autophagy
Authors: Deng Yuanle , Li Sha , Wang Meng , Chen Xiaotong , Tian Li , Wang Liqun , Yang Wenyu , Chen Lezhang , He Fang , Yin Wenya
Published: November 2020

AFE activates p53, acting on apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and metastasis, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction.
The anti-allergic potential of tea: a review of its components, mechanisms and risks
Authors: Li Qing-Sheng , Wang Ying-Qi , Liang Yue-Rong , Lu Jian-Liang
Published: November 2020

Tea, as a functional beverage, exerts its anti-allergic effects by reducing IgE and histamine levels, decreasing FcεRI expression, regulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells and inhibiting related transcription factors.
Prussian blue nanoparticles induce myeloid leukemia cells to differentiate into red blood cells through nanozyme activities
Authors: Wang Tao , Dong Haijiao , Zhang Meichen , Wen Tao , Meng Jie , Liu Jian , Li Zhili , Zhang Yu , Xu Haiyan
Published: November 2020

Prussian blue nanoparticles induced myeloid leukemia cells to undergo erythroid differentiation through nanozyme activities.
Celebrating 60 years of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
Authors: Zheng Qingdong , Chen Xueyuan , Hong Maochun , Cao Rong , Lin Zhang
Published: November 2020

Qingdong Zheng, Xueyuan Chen, Maochun Hong, Rong Cao, and Zhang Lin introduce this Nanoscale themed collection to celebrate the 60 year anniversary of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Intermolecular fluoroamination of allenes towards substituted vinyl fluorides
Authors: Tiwari Vibha , Bingham Jacob T. , Vyas Shubham , Singh Anand
Published: November 2020

Allene difunctionalization: Selectfluor mediated intermolecular aminofluorination of allenes with triazole and tetrazole nucleophiles towards vinyl fluorides.
Access to 2-pyridinylamide and imidazopyridine from 2-fluoropyridine and amidine hydrochloride
Authors: Li Yibiao , Huang Shuo , Li Jiaming , Li Jian , Ji Xiaoliang , Liu Jiasheng , Chen Lu , Peng Shiyong , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2020

An efficient method to synthesize 2-pyridinylamides and imidazopyridine has been developed, and the protocol uses inexpensive and readily available 2-fluoropyridine and amidine derivatives as the starting materials.
Rotation of fullerene molecules in the crystal lattice of fullerene/porphyrin: C60 and Sc3N@C80
Authors: Hao Yajuan , Wang Yaofeng , Spree Lukas , Liu Fupin
Published: November 2020

The temperature driven rotation of the encapsulated Sc3N cluster in a C80 fullerene cage was unraveled by variable temperature X-ray diffraction, which is significantly different from its analogues (Ho2LuN/Lu3N).
Molecular iodine-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of α-cyanopyrrolines with ambient air as the oxidant under neat conditions
Authors: Gui Qing-Wen , Teng Fan , Li Zhou-Chao , Jin Xue-Feng , Zhang Mei , Dai Jia-Ni , Lin Ying-Wu , Cao Zhong , He Wei-Min
Published: November 2020

An eco-friendly and practical method for synthesizing α-cyanopyrrolines via iodine-catalyzed multicomponent tandem reaction of alkenes, TMSCN and N,N-disubstituted formamides with ambient air as the sole oxidant was developed.
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective C–H amination of arenes: mechanisms, origin and influencing factors of enantioselectivity
Authors: Lu Ka , Liang Peng-Yu , Yan Chao-Xian , Yang Fang-Ling , Yang Xing , Dou Wei , Yu Qinwei , Yang Jianming , Zhou Pan-Pan
Published: November 2020

The amination reaction between azonaphthalene and carbazole catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid was theoretically investigated, and the mechanism, origin and influencing factors of enantioselectivity were elaborated.
Direct electrooxidation of alkynes to benzoin bis-ethers
Authors: Yang Zengzhuan , Lu Fangling , Li Haiyan , Zhang Yuying , Lin Wen , Guo Peng , Wan Juelin , Shi Renyi , Wang Tao , Lei Aiwen
Published: November 2020

Electrosynthesis of benzoin bis-ethers from alkynes and alcohols under metal-free and external oxidant free conditions.
The impact of thermal treatment on the performance of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-based organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Xiaobo , Li Lang , Wang Gang
Published: November 2020

The new low bandgap benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran (BDF)-based organic small molecule, namely B1, was synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization reactions.
A molecular dynamics study on the mechanical properties of Fe–Ni alloy nanowires and their temperature dependence
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Li Pengtao , Lin E Emily
Published: November 2020

Deformation mechanism and mechanical property of Fe–Ni alloy nanowires are investigated through molecular dynamics simulation method.
A Fenton-like method using ZnO doped MIL-88A for degradation of methylene blue dyes
Authors: Ren Gangli , Zhao Ke , Zhao Lang
Published: November 2020

MIL-88A with different sizes were prepared by changing the content of ZnO. The prepared nanocomposites were used as catalysts in Fenton-like reaction of removing MB. The effects of the main reaction parameters on the reaction activity were studied.
Self-charging power system for distributed energy: beyond the energy storage unit
Authors: Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2020

Recent progresses and future prospects on nanogenerator-based self-charging power systems (SCPSs) are discussed with this perspective.
Effective electrode design and the reaction mechanism for electrochemical promotion of ammonia synthesis using Fe-based electrode catalysts
Authors: Li Chien-I. , Matsuo Hiroki , Otomo Junichiro
Published: November 2020

Effective electrode design is investigated and a very high ammonia formation rateviaEPOC is achieved using the Fe catalyst at high temperature.
An efficacious multifunction codoping strategy on a room-temperature solution-processed hole transport layer for realizing high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ouyang Dan , Zheng Jiawei , Huang Zhanfeng , Zhu Lu , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: November 2020

A simple room-temperature solution-based and post-treatment-free processed (Li, Cu):NiOxHTL is successfully demonstrated for high-performance rigid and flexible perovskite solar cells.
Understanding activity origin for the oxygen reduction reaction on bi-atom catalysts by DFT studies and machine-learning
Authors: Deng Chaofang , Su Yang , Li Fuhua , Shen Weifeng , Chen Zhongfang , Tang Qing
Published: November 2020

Bi-atom catalysts (BACs) have been tuned from homonuclear to heteronuclear bi-atom sites, giving rise to significantly enhanced ORR activity.
Understanding the role of acid–base interactions using architecturally-controlled, pyridyl-bearing sulfonated phenylated polyphenylenes
Authors: Xu Shaoyi , Wu Yang , Adamski Michael , Fraser Kate , Holdcroft Steven
Published: November 2020

Novel sulfo-phenylated polyphenylene pyridines with varied degrees of acid–base interaction possess correlated electrochemical and water transport properties.
A portable chromogenic and fluorogenic membrane sensor for ultrasensitive, specific and instantaneous visualizing of lethal phosgene
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Jiang Lirong , Hou Ji-Ting , Wang Wei , Zeng Lintao , Bao Guang-Ming
Published: November 2020

A portable chromogenic and fluorogenic membrane sensor was developed to serve as an easy-to-handle kit for on-site ultrasensitive, specific and instantaneous visualizing of lethal phosgene gas.
Advances in piezoelectric halide perovskites for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Park Hyojin , Ha Chihyeon , Lee Ju-Hyuck
Published: November 2020

This review presents recent advances in the development of piezoelectric halide perovskite materials for high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators.
Hierarchical porous carbon sheets for high-performance room temperature sodium–sulfur batteries: integration of nitrogen-self-doping and space confinement
Authors: Mou Jirong , Liu Ting , Li Yijuan , Zhang Wenjia , Li Mei , Xu Yuting , Huang Jianlin , Liu Meilin
Published: November 2020

Nitrogen-self-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NPC) sheets were developed as hosts for sulfur accommodation towards high-performance cathodes of RT Na–S batteries.
Photo-driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Wu Hua-Kun , Zhang Fan , Li Jing-Yu , Tang Zi-Rong , Xu Yi-Jun
Published: November 2020

Photo-driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) provides a attractive and sustainable alternative compared to traditional FTS. This minireview expatiates the recent advances of various metal-based catalysts for photo-driven FTS.
Synergistic chemical patterns on a hydrophilic slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS) for water harvesting applications
Authors: Maji Kousik , Das Avijit , Dhar Manideepa , Manna Uttam
Published: November 2020

Chemical patterning on hydrophilic-SLIPS is employed for efficient (∼4400 mg cm−2 h−1) water harvesting. The association of a chemical pattern with hydrophilic-SLIPS allowed accelerated growth of water droplets from fog and immediate shedding of mature water droplets.
Recent advances in visual detection for cancer biomarkers and infectious pathogens
Authors: Pan Meng-Meng , Wang Yi-Fan , Wang Le , Yu Xu , Xu Li
Published: November 2020

It is a matter of urgency to detect infectious pathogens or cancer biomarkers using rapid, simple, convenient and cost-effective methods in complex biological samples.
Development of an antibacterial and anti-metalloproteinase dental adhesive for long-lasting resin composite restorations
Authors: Münchow Eliseu A. , da Silva Adriana F. , Piva Evandro , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos E. , de Albuquerque Maria T. P. , Pinal Rodolfo , Gregory Richard L. , Breschi Lorenzo , Bottino Marco C.
Published: November 2020

DOX-releasing fibers showed promising application in developing adhesives with therapeutic properties,i.e., matrix metalloproteinases inhibition ability and antibacterial activity.
Ratiometric sensors with selective fluorescence enhancement effects based on photonic crystals for the determination of acetylcholinesterase and its inhibitor
Authors: Liu Rong , Bao Lijiao , Zhang Sihan , Wu Zhaoyang , Zhou Jun , Liu Changhui , Yu Ruqin
Published: November 2020

Ratiometric fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for quantitative analyses.
Synergistic effects of Ti-doping induced porous networks on electrochromic performance of WO3 films
Authors: Park Sunghyoek , Thuy Dao Thi , Sarwar Saad , Tran Hung Van , Lee Seok In , Park Hee Sung , Song Seung Han , Han Chi-Hwan , Hong Sungjun
Published: November 2020

In this study, amorphous Ti-doped WO3 films with interpenetrated porous networks were successfully fabricated via a facile sol–gel method by using a hydrolysis-tolerant titanium coupling agent (TCA) as a Ti-dopant.
Electron-accepting carborane viologen and iron based-supramolecular polymers for electrochromism and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Yueyan , Zhang Bingjie , Zhang Sikun , Liu Xu , Li Guoping , Chu Dake , Zhao Yongtao , He Gang
Published: November 2020

CbV2+ and its FeSPs with good optoelectronic properties were used to fabricate a high contrast ECD and enhanced visible-light-driven HER.
ACE2 and gut amino acid transport
Authors: Camargo Simone M.R. , Vuille-dit-Bille Raphael N. , Meier Chantal F. , Verrey François
Published: November 2020

ACE2 is a type I membrane protein with extracellular carboxypeptidase activity displaying a broad tissue distribution with highest expression levels at the brush border membrane (BBM) of small intestine enterocytes and a lower expression in stomach and colon. In small intestinal mucosa, ACE2 mRNA expression appears to increase with age and to display higher levels in patients taking ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I). There, ACE2 protein heterodimerizes with the neutral amino acid transporter Broad neutral Amino acid Transporter 1 (B0AT1) (SLC6A19) or the imino acid transporter Sodium-dependent Imino Transporter 1 (SIT1) (SLC6A20), associations that are required for the surface expression of these transport proteins. These heterodimers can form quaternary structures able to function as binding sites for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins. The heterodimerization of the carboxypeptidase ACE2 with B0AT1 is suggested to favor the direct supply of substrate amino acids to the transporter, but whether this association impacts the ability of ACE2 to mediate viral infection is not known. B0AT1 mutations cause Hartnup disorder, a condition characterized by neutral aminoaciduria and, in some cases, pellagra-like symptoms, such as photosensitive rash, diarrhea, and cerebellar ataxia. Correspondingly, the lack of ACE2 and the concurrent absence of B0AT1 expression in small intestine causes a decrease in l-tryptophan absorption, niacin deficiency, decreased intestinal antimicrobial peptide production, and increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Thus, the abundant expression of ACE2 in small intestine and its association with amino acid transporters appears to play a crucial role for the digestion of peptides and the absorption of amino acids and, thereby, for the maintenance of structural and functional gut integrity.
Subcortical Involvement in Formulaic Language: Studies on Bilingual Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lee Binna , Van Lancker Sidtis Diana
Published: November 2020

Purpose

An impoverished production of routinized expressions, namely, formulaic language, has been reported for monolingual speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known regarding how formulaic expressions might be manifested in individuals with neurological damage who speak more than one language. This study investigated the processing of formulaic language across first language (L1) and second language (L2) in bilingual individuals with PD.

Method

Eleven Korean–English bilingual speakers with PD, who acquired Korean as L1 and English as L2, were recruited for this study. Two matched control groups composed of 11 healthy Korean–English bilingual individuals and 11 healthy native English speakers were included for comparison. Their performance on three structured tasks (comprehension, completion, and judgment–correction) and conversational speech was measured and compared across groups for analyses.

Results

The bilingual speakers with PD had significantly impaired comprehension of formulaic language in L1 and had lower proportions of formulaic expressions in their L1 conversational speech compared with the bilingual controls. Regarding L2, both bilingual groups with and without PD were comparable in their English performance across all tasks. Both groups performed significantly poorer in L2 structured tasks than the native English speakers. Spontaneous production of formulaic language in English (L2 for bilingual individuals) was similar across all three groups.

Conclusions

The results of this study contribute to the growing body of literature on impoverishment of formulaic language production following subcortical dysfunction. Additionally, findings here demonstrate a selective impairment of formulaic language performance in L1 but not L2 for bilinguals with PD, further supporting the role of the basal ganglia in native language.
Retraction: Servicing the Senior Swallow: A Family-Centered Private Practice Model of Service Delivery
Authors: McCoy Yvette M.
Published: November 2020

Notice of Retraction

https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_Dec2020ASHA

Purpose

Person-centered care shifts the focus of treatment away from the traditional medical model and moves toward personal choice and autonomy for people receiving health services. Older adults remain a priority for person-centered care because they are more likely to have complex care needs than younger individuals. Even more specifically, the assessment and treatment of swallowing disorders are often thought of in terms of setting-specific (i.e., acute care, skilled nursing, home health, etc.), but the management of dysphagia in older adults should be considered as a continuum of care from the intensive care unit to the outpatient multidisciplinary clinic. In order to establish a framework for the management of swallowing in older adults, clinicians must work collaboratively with a multidisciplinary team using current evidence to guide clinical practice. Private practitioners must think critically not only about the interplay between the components of the evidence-based practice treatment triad but also about the broader impact of dysphagia on caregivers and families. The physical health and quality of life of both the caregiver and the person receiving care are interdependent.

Conclusion

Effective treatment includes consideration of not only the patient but also others, as caregivers play an important role in the recovery process of the patient with swallowing disorders.
Unbalanced responsibility division considering renewable energy integration
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yixuan , Ma Xiaoyang , Yao Wenxuan , Wang Hang , Tang Zao
Published: November 2020

A reasonable division of the unbalanced contribution is the premise of responsibility division and mitigation. As a large amount of renewable energy integrates into the power system, the disturbance of the system increases and the system impedance is no longer much smaller than the load impedance. The traditional unbalanced responsibility division method is difficult to calculate accurately. This study proposes a new method for calculating unbalanced contribution, which can effectively avoid the limitations of traditional methods. The robust independent component analysis is used to estimate the equivalent source signal. The sparse component analysis method is used to construct the screening criterion to screen the equivalent source signals to obtain estimated signals that are more in line with the real source signals. Then the equivalent negative sequence impedance of upstream and downstream is calculated, and the unbalanced responsibility is divided. This method is still effective when the system impedance is not much different from the load impedance. At the same time, the calculation accuracy is high and the anti‐interference ability is strong. Simulation and field test verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Computer simulation method for moving trajectories of biological particles in rotating vertebral bodies
Authors: Zhu Cong Ling , Li Chang Chang , Weng Ye Ye
Published: November 2020

Biomass fuel production has a variety of methods, and the use of biomass cracking to produce biofuels is an advanced technology used in many countries. In the control of the biofuel production process, how to get the motion law of the heat carrier in the cone relative to the cone becomes a problem that must be solved. This study uses the basic theory of dynamics and computer simulation calculation function to carry out dynamic analysis of each of the above contents, and analyses the response problem of comprehensive factors, and obtains the simulation results in accordance with the experimental results. This analysis provides a detailed design rationale for the optimal design of biomass cone pyrolysis equipment.
Atomic data for the Gaia-ESO Survey
Authors: Heiter U. , Lind K. , Bergemann M. , Asplund M. , Mikolaitis Š. , Barklem P. S. , Masseron T. , de Laverny P. , Magrini L. , Edvardsson B. , Jönsson H. , Pickering J. C. , Ryde N. , Bayo Arán A. , Bensby T. , Casey A. R. , Feltzing S. , Jofré P. , Korn A. J. , Pancino E. , Damiani F. , Lanzafame A. , Lardo C. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Smiljanic R. , Worley C. , Zaggia S. , Randich S. , Gilmore G. F.
Published: November 2020

Context. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The Gaia-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale.

Aims. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous common line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups using different radiative transfer codes to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data are made publicly available at the CDS.

Methods. In general, experimental transition probabilities were preferred but theoretical values were also used. Astrophysical gf-values were avoided due to the model-dependence of such a procedure. For elements whose lines are significantly affected by a hyperfine structure or isotopic splitting, a concerted effort has been made to collate the necessary data for the individual line components. Synthetic stellar spectra calculated for the Sun and Arcturus were used to assess the blending properties of the lines. We also performed adetailed investigation of available data for line broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms.

Results. Among a subset of over 1300 lines of 35 elements in the wavelength ranges from 475 to 685 nm and from 850 to 895 nm, we identified about 200 lines of 24 species which have accurate gf-values and are free of blends in the spectra of the Sun and Arcturus. For the broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen, we recommend data based on Anstee-Barklem-O’Mara theory, where possible. We recommend avoiding lines of neutral species for which these are not available. Theoretical broadening data by R.L. Kurucz should be used for Sc II, Ti II, and Y II lines; additionally, for ionised rare-earth species, the Unsöld approximation with an enhancement factor of 1.5 for the line width can be used.

Conclusions. The line list has proven to be a useful tool for abundance determinations based on the spectra obtained within the Gaia-ESO Survey, as well as other spectroscopic projects. Accuracies below 0.2 dex are regularly achieved, where part of the uncertainties are due to differences in the employed analysis methods. Desirable improvements in atomic data were identified for a number of species, most importantly Al I, S I, and Cr II, but also Na I, Si I, Ca II, and Ni I.
Repeating fast radio bursts caused by small bodies orbiting a pulsar or a magnetar
Authors: Mottez Fabrice , Zarka Philippe , Voisin Guillaume
Published: November 2020

Context.Asteroids orbiting into the highly magnetized and highly relativistic wind of a pulsar offer a favorable configuration for repeating fast radio bursts (FRB). The body in direct contact with the wind develops a trail formed of a stationary Alfvén wave, called an Alfvén wing. When an element of wind crosses the Alfvén wing, it sees a rotation of the ambient magnetic field that can cause radio-wave instabilities. In the observer’s reference frame, the waves are collimated in a very narrow range of directions, and they have an extremely high intensity. A previous work, published in 2014, showed that planets orbiting a pulsar can cause FRBs when they pass in our line of sight. We predicted periodic FRBs. Since then, random FRB repeaters have been discovered.

Aims.We present an upgrade of this theory with which repeaters can be explained by the interaction of smaller bodies with a pulsar wind.

Methods.Considering the properties of relativistic Alfvén wings attached to a body in the pulsar wind, and taking thermal consideration into account, we conducted a parametric study.

Results.We find that FRBs, including the Lorimer burst (30 Jy), can be explained by small-size pulsar companions (1 to 10 km) between 0.03 and 1 AU from a highly magnetized millisecond pulsar. Some parameter sets are also compatible with a magnetar. Our model is compatible with the high rotation measure of FRB 121102. The bunched timing of the FRBs is the consequence of a moderate wind turbulence. An asteroid belt composed of fewer than 200 bodies would suffice for the FRB occurrence rate measured with FRB 121102.

Conclusions.After this upgrade, this model is compatible with the properties discovered since its first publication in 2014, when repeating FRBs were still unknown. It is based on standard physics and on common astrophysical objects that can be found in any type of galaxy. It requires 1010times less power than (common) isotropic-emission FRB models.
Multiple populations of Hβ emission line stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1971
Authors: Piatti Andrés E.
Published: November 2020

We revisited the young Large Magellanic Cloud star cluster NGC 1971 with the aim of providing additional clues to our understanding of its observed extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO), a feature commonly seen in young star clusters that has recently been argued to be caused by a real age spread similar to the cluster age (∼160 Myr). We combined accurate Washington and Strömgren photometry of stars with high membership probability to explore the nature of this eMSTO. From different ad hoc defined pseudo-colors, we found that bluer and redder stars distributed throughout the eMSTO do not show any inhomogeneities of light- and heavy-element abundances. These blue and red stars are split into two clearly different groups only when the Washington M magnitudes are employed, which delimites the number of spectral features that cause the appearance of the eMSTO. We speculate that Be stars populate the eMSTO of NGC 1971 because (i) Hβ contributes to the M passband, (ii) Hβ emissions are common features of Be stars, and (iii) the Washington M and T1 magnitudes are tightly correlated; the latter measuring the observed contribution of Hα emission line in Be stars, which is in turn correlated with Hβ emissions. This is the first observational result to our knowledge that indicates that Hβ emissions are the origin of eMSTOs observed in young star clusters. Our results certainly open new possibilities of studying eMSTO from photometric systems with passbands centered at features commonly seen in Be stars.
Characterization of very wide companion candidates to young stars with planets and disks
Authors: Majidi F. Z. , Desidera S. , Alcalá J. M. , Frasca A. , D’Orazi V. , Bonnefoy M. , Claudi R. , Gratton R. , Mesa D.
Published: November 2020

Discovering wide companions of stellar systems allows us to constrain the dynamical environment and age of the latter. We studied four probable wide companions of four different stellar systems. The candidates were selected mainly based on their similar kinematic properties to the central star usingGaiaDR2. The central stars are V4046 Sgr, HIP 74865, HIP 65426, and HIP 73145, and their probable wide companions are 2MASS J18152222-3249329, 2MASS J15174874-3028484, 2MASS J13242119-5129503, and 2MASS J14571503-3543505 respectively. V4046 Sgr is a member ofβ-Pictoris Moving Group while the rest of the stellar systems are acknowledged as members of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. The selected stellar systems are particularly interesting because all of them are already known to possess a low-mass companion and/or a spatially resolved disk. Identifying wider companions of these stars can improve their eligibility as benchmarks for understanding the formation channels of various triple systems, and can help us to determine the orbits of their possibly undiscovered inner, wider companions in case of higher multiplicity. By analyzing the X-shooter spectra of the wide companion candidates of these stars, we obtained their stellar parameters and determined their ages. We find that 2MASS J15174874-3028484 (0.11M⊙, 7.4 ± 0.5 Myr), an already recognized pre-main sequence (PMS) member of Scorpius-Centaurus association, is a highly probable wide companion of HIP 74865. 2MASS J13242119-5129503 (0.04M⊙, 16 ± 2.2 Myr) is ruled out as a plausible wide companion of HIP 65426, but confirmed to be a new sub-stellar member of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. 2MASS J14571503-3543505 (0.02M⊙, 17.75 ± 4.15 Myr) is a probable sub-stellar member of the same association, but we cannot confirm whether or not it is gravitationally bound to HIP 73145. 2MASS J18152222-3249329 (0.3M⊙, older than 150 Myr) is determined to be a mildly active main sequence star, much older than members ofβ-Pictoris Moving Group, and unbound to V4046 Sgr despite their similar kinematic features. PMS wide companions such as 2MASS J15174874-3028484 might have formed through cascade fragmentation of their natal molecular core, hinting at high multiplicity in shorter separations which can be confirmed with future observations.
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck parameter extraction from light curves of Fermi-LAT observed blazars
Authors: Burd Paul R. , Kohlhepp Luca , Wagner Sarah M. , Mannheim Karl , Buson Sara , Scargle Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2020

Context. Monthly binned γ-ray light curves of 236 bright γ-ray sources, particularly blazars, selected from a sample of 2278 high-galactic latitude objects observed with Fermi-LAT show flux variability characterized by power spectral densities consisting of a single power-law component, ranging from Brownian to white noise.

Aims. The main goal here is to assess the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model by studying the range of its three parameters that reproduces these statistical properties.

Methods. We develop procedures for extracting values of the three OU model parameters (mean flux, correlation length, and random amplitude) from time series data and apply them to compare numerical integrations of the OU process with the Fermi-LAT data.

Results. The OU process fully describes the statistical properties of the flux variations of the 236 blazars. The distributions of the extracted OU parameters are narrowly peaked around well-defined values (σ, μ, θ) = (0.2, −8.4, 0.5) with variances (0.004, 0.07, 0.13). The distributions of rise and the decay time scales of flares in the numerical simulations, meaning major flux variations fulfilling pre-defined criteria, are in agreement with the observed ones. The power spectral densities of the synthetic light curves are statistically indistinguishable from those of the measured light curves.

Conclusions. The long-term γ-ray flux variability of blazars on monthly time scales is well described by a stochastic model that involves only three parameters. The methods described here are powerful tools for studying randomness in light curves and thereby for constraining the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed flux variations.
Imprint of baryons and massive neutrinos on velocity statistics
Authors: Kuruvilla Joseph , Aghanim Nabila , McCarthy Ian G.
Published: November 2020

We explored the impact of baryonic effects (namely stellar and active galactic nuclei feedback) on the moments of pairwise velocity using the Illustris-TNG, EAGLE, cosmo-OWLS, and BAHAMAS suites of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. The assumption that the mean pairwise velocity of the gas component follows that of the dark matter is studied here at small separations, and we find that even at pair separations of 10–20h−1Mpc, there is a 4–5% velocity bias. At smaller separations, it gets larger with varying strength depending on the sub-grid prescription. By isolating different physical processes, our findings suggest that the large-scale velocity bias is mainly driven by stellar rather than active galactic nuclei feedback. If unaccounted for, this velocity offset could possibly bias cosmological constraints from the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in future cosmic microwave background (CMB) surveys. Furthermore, we examined how the first and the second moment of the pairwise velocity are affected by both the baryonic and the neutrino free-streaming effects for both the matter and gas components. For both moments, we were able to disentangle the effects of baryonic processes from those of massive neutrinos; and for pair separations below 20h−1Mpc, we find that these moments of the pairwise velocity decrease with increasing neutrino mass. Our work thus sets out a way in which the pairwise velocity statistics can be utilised to constrain the summed mass of neutrinos from future CMB surveys and peculiar velocity surveys.
Parsec-scale properties of the radio brightest jetted AGN atz> 6
Authors: Spingola C. , Dallacasa D. , Belladitta S. , Caccianiga A. , Giroletti M. , Moretti A. , Orienti M.
Published: November 2020

We present Director’s Discretionary Time multi-frequency observations obtained with theJanskyVery Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) of the blazar PSO J030947.49+271757.31 (hereafter PSO J0309+27) atz = 6.10 ± 0.03. The milliarcsecond angular resolution of our VLBA observations at 1.5, 5, and 8.4 GHz unveils a bright one-sided jet extended for ∼500 parsecs in projection. This high-zradio-loud active galactic nucleus is resolved into multiple compact sub-components that are embedded in a more diffuse and faint radio emission that enshrouds them in a continuous jet structure. We directly derive limits on some physical parameters from observable quantities such as viewing angle and Lorentz and Doppler factors. If PSO J0309+27 is a genuine blazar, as suggested by its X-ray properties, then we find that its bulk Lorentz factor must be relatively low (lower than 5). This value would be in favour of a scenario currently proposed to reconcile the paucity of high-zblazars with current predictions. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude that PSO J0309+27 is seen under a larger viewing angle, which would imply that the X-ray emission must be enhanced, for example, by inverse Compton scattering with the cosmic microwave background. More stringent constraints on the bulk Lorentz factor in PSO J0309+27 and on these factors in the other high-zblazars are necessary to test whether their properties are intrinsically different from those of the low-zblazar population.