bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION TO DIFFERENTIATE PATHOLOGICAL FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERTROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND ATHLETES
Authors: Hita A. , Chejtman D. , Baratta S. , Fernandez H. , Bang J.H. , Bilbao J. , Kotliar C. , Turri. D.
Published: February 2004

Precedents: In pathological left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (H) of hypertensive patients (P) there is a deposition of collagen. Myocardial fibrosis is one of the factors responsible for systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Athletes increase their ventricular mass as physiological ventricular H. Integrated backscatter (IB) demonstrates changes in myocardial acoustic properties, depending upon their composition and function.

Objectives: (1).Assess the capability of IB to differentiate physiological from pathological H. (2).Correlate IB with overall and regional systolic and diastolic functions.

Methods: Group I(GI):13 hypertensive P with an LV mass index (LVMI)>124 gr/m2, Group II(G2):11 athletes, Group III(G3): 8 volunteers. We determined overall systolic and diastolic functions and regional function of the basal septum, IB and cyclic variation of the IB (CVIB) of the posterior wall.

Results: Age (years): G1:52 ± 15, G2:28 ± 8 G3:35 ± 8 p = 0.000; Sex: G1:m/f 12/1, G2: m/f 9/2, G3: m/f 4/4, LVMI: G1: 180.1 ± 58 gr/m2, G2:130.2 ± 20 gr/m2 G3: 90.2 ± 16 gr/m2 p = 0.000. Left atrial area (LAA): G1: 22 ± 4 cm2, G2: 18.8 ± 1.8 cm2, G3: 15.8 cm2 p = 0.001, mid‐wall shortening fraction (MWSF): G1:26.9 ± 3.5, G2:27.5 ± 4 G3:25 ± 3 p = NS; CVIB: G1:5,3 ± 2,5 G2:7.6 ± 2,1 G3:6.4 ± 1.1 P = 0.048.Correlation of IB and MWSF, p = NS; IB and MWSF p = NS, IB and CVIB:‐0.56 p = 0.005.

 Group 1
 Goup 2
 Group 3
 P
Correlation  IB
 P

Regional S
4.83 ± 0.9
5.68 ± 0.8
5.65 ± 1.3
0.03
regional
−0.49 (p =

 cm/seg

 S
 0.015)

Regional e/a
 0.8 ± 0.3
 2.1 ± 0.6
 1.9 ± 1.3
0.002
e/a
−0.43 (p =

 0.038)

Transmitral
 1.2 ± 0.3
    2 ± 0.75
 1.9 ± 0.9
0.008
E/A
NS

 E/A

BI (dB)
41 ± 6
29 ± 6
35 ± 8
0.001
LAA
0.43 (p =

 0.037)

Conclusion: (1). An increase in IB was seen in hypertensive patients, which may be the echocardiographic manifestation of myocardial fibrosis and/or depressed ventricular function. (2). IB differentiates physiological from pathological H. (3). Regional systolic and diastolic functions correlate inversely with IB in hypertensive patients, whereas LAA correlates with IB.
LONGITUDINAL CONTRACTION OF LEFT VENTRICLE WITH INOTROPIC STIMULATION WITH DOBUTAMINE BY TISSUE DOPPLER. CORRELATION WITH EJECTION FRACTION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Tassano E. , Garcia E. , Obregon R. , Parras J. , Romano A. , Duarte S. , Cayre. R.
Published: February 2004

Introduction: The ejection fraction (EF) is an ecocardiographic parameter of left ventricle (LV) systolic function usually used in the cardiovascular evaluation. However, instead only contractility, EF is a measure that analyzes changes of LV dimensions, which are preload and afterload dependent, and evaluates mainly the contraction of the circumferentially orientated myocardic fibers. The longitudinal fibers of the LV are probably more important in the contractile function and the inotropic stimulation would affect its function in a different way to the EF.

Objectives: To evaluate the proportional increase of EF and S peak induced by stress with dobutamine in healthy subjects, and the relationship between both parameters of LV systolic function.

Methods: 80 patients were prospectively included. The clinical examination, the electrocardiogram, and the ecocardiographic evaluation of them all were normal. No one was on any medication. An echocardiogram with EF calculated by Simpson's method was made. To obtain the systolic peak (S) PTD was performed from an apical four‐chamber view to obtain long axis velocities, with a 5‐mm. sample size on the middle of basal septum, at the union with the mitral annulus. Both parameters were recorded at rest and after the intravenous infusion of increasing doses of 10 mg/min every 3 minutes of dobutamine until reaching 40 mg/min or an appropriate heart rate if necessary; atropine in a dose of up to 1 mg was added. The parameters obtained of S peak and EF were expressed as proportional increase from baseline in percentage. Both parameters were correlated by means of linear regression and differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results: The mean age was 63 ± 9 years, 22 were male (27.5%), the mean heart rate achieved with stress was 125 ± 18, systolic blood pressure was 125 ± 28 mmHg, and double product of 15,822 ± 3,495. The data of EF and S peak are shown in the following table. The correlation between proportional increase of EF and S peak was r = 0.13 (p = 0.22).

Parameters
Baseline
Post‐stress
Modification (%)
P value

EF (%)
64.5 ± 14
 81.5 ± 12
27.4%
0.0001

S peak (cm/sec)
7.6 ± 3
13.6 ± 6
84.3%
0.0001

Conclusions: In healthy subjects the proportional increase of S peak was significantly higher than EF with inotropic stimulation. These data suggest that the longitudinal myocardial oriented fibers are more sensitive to dobutamine stimulation.
EFFECT OF APICAL SEGMENTAL DYSFUNCTION ON EARLY DIASTOLIC ANNULAR TISSUE VELOCITY
Authors: Migliore R. , Adania M. , Miramont G. , Barranco M. , Guerrero F. , Tamagusuku H. , Lapuente. A.
Published: February 2004

Background: Apical segments contribute to early LV filling by actively drawing blood from mid and basal levels into the apical region, by means of relaxation and elastic recoil (suction) effect. Longitudinal axis early diastolic annular tissue velocity (Ea) is influenced by relaxation and suction of LV.

Objective: To analyze the influence of apical segmental dysfunction on peak Ea velocity in a clinical model, as chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (ChD) in which apical aneurysm is a common finding.

Methods: Forty‐four patients with ChD (49 ± 8 years), ejection fraction (EF) > 45% and 20 age‐matched normal subjects (N) were studied. Twenty‐one patients with ChD had normal wall motion (G 1) and 23 patients had apical aneurysm (G 2). EF, peak Ea velocity of the lateral mitral annulus (tissue Doppler imaging), peak E and A velocities and E/A ratio (transmitral pulsed Doppler) were measured. Analysis of variance was used to compare groups.

Results: Mean value ± standard deviation, p < 0.001 vs N, *p < 0.01 vs G 1; EF was not significantly different in the three groups.

Ea (m/s)
E/A

N
0.17 ± 0.07
1.38 ± 0.32

G1
0.15 ± 0.04
1.34 ± 0.47

G2
0.11 ± 0.03
1.21 ± 0.54

Conclusion: Patients with ChD and apical aneurysm (G 2) had peak Ea velocity significantly decreased in comparison with patients without aneurysm (G 1), although they had no difference in EF and pulsed Doppler index. In a clinical model as ChD, these findings suggest that apical segmental dysfunction influenced early diastolic annular tissue velocity.
LEFT VENTRICULAR MECHANICS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Volberg V.I. , Grosso O.A. , Pecoraro C.A. , Roisinblit J. , Lerman J. , Piñeiro. D.J.
Published: February 2004

The end systolic stress–strain relationship (mean end‐systolic fiber stress (MESFS) and the logarithm ln(h0/h) [h0 = wall thickness extrapolated to a “cero” ventricular volume; h = end‐systolic wall thickness]), evaluates the mechanics of the left ventricle (LV) independently of its mass and geometry.

Objectives: To compare the LV mechanics in patients without and with compensated systolic heart failure (HF) using the MESFS–ln(h0/h) relationship.

Methods: We perform echo Doppler studies in 37 patients with compensated HF (11 women) 65±15 years old (18–85) and 162 patients without HF (102 women) 50±16 years old (18–83). MESFS and ln(h0/h) were calculated and compared between the groups, and the resulting curve was plotted. Results. (o) without HF; with HF.

Conclusion: Patients with compensated HF have higher‐end systolic MESFS and ln(h0/h). Consequently, they show a rightward shift in the end‐systolic MESFS‐ ln(h0/h) curve.
An evolutionarily conserved gene required for proper microtubule architecture in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Matsubayashi Yutaka , Nishida Eisuke
Published: February 2004

Microtubules are involved in many cellular events during the cell cycle and also in a variety of early embryonic developmental processes. Their architecture and properties change dramatically during the cell cycle and are properly regulated. However, these regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. C05D11.3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a low molecular weight protein that is evolutionarily conserved from yeasts to mammals. A mouse homolog of the C05D11.3 product, APACD (ATP binding protein associated with cell differentiation), contains a thioredoxin‐like domain and P‐loop, and is present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, showing often localization to centrosomes and midbody. In C. elegans, C05D11.3 is expressed throughout development with higher levels of expression in most cells of the nervous system and in vulva. C05D11.3 RNAi‐treated embryos show apparent defects in pronuclear migration or nuclear‐centrosome rotation, and exhibit little astral microtubules and defective small spindles. These results indicate that C05D11.3, an evolutionarily conserved gene, is essential for proper microtubule organization and function in C. elegans. This gene family may be a conserved regulator of microtubule dynamics and function.
Tra2β, SF2/ASF and SRp30c modulate the function of an exonic splicing enhancer in exon 10 of tau pre‐mRNA
Authors: Kondo Shinichi , Yamamoto Noriaki , Murakami Tomohiko , Okumura Masayo , Mayeda Akila , Imaizumi Kazunori
Published: February 2004

Some of mutations in the tau gene, which were found in frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17), affect alternative splicing of its exon 10 which encodes one of four microtubule‐binding motifs. To examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for aberrant splicing of the tau gene containing mutations linked to FTDP‐17, we performed Exon trapping and binding assay using tau exon 10 pre‐mRNA and nuclear extracts of neuroblastoma cell lines and in vitro splicing using dsx‐substrate. We determined that 5′ site of tau exon 10 (nucleotides 12–45) possesses exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) activities in vitro splicing and the FTDP‐17‐linked mutations affect the ESE activities and alter the splicing patterns of tau exon 10. Tra2β directly and ASF/SF2 indirectly associated with the ESE of wild tau exon 10. The binding amounts of these SR proteins to tau exon 10 bearing N279K mutation increased and they enhanced splicing the mutant tau exon 10. SRp30c also enhanced the splicing of tau exon 10. These results suggest that mutations in tau exon 10 that are linked to FTDP‐17 affect the ESE activities by altering the binding of some SR proteins to its pre‐mRNA.
Down‐regulation of nuclear protein ICBP90 by p53/p21Cip1/WAF1‐dependent DNA‐damage checkpoint signals contributes to cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition
Authors: Arima Yoshimi , Hirota Toru , Bronner Christian , Mousli Marc , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Niwa Shin‐ichiro , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Saya Hideyuki
Published: February 2004

Checkpoints, which monitor DNA damage and regulate cell cycle progression, ensure genomic integrity and prevent the propagation of transformed cells. DNA damage activates the p53‐dependent checkpoint pathway that induces expression of p21Cip1/WAF1, resulting in cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition by inhibition of cdk activity and DNA replication. ICBP90 was identified as a nuclear protein that binds to the TopoIIα gene promoter and is speculated to be involved in DNA replication. ICBP90 expression is cell cycle regulated in normal cells but stably high throughout cell cycle in various cancer cell lines. We here demonstrate that ICBP90 expression is down‐regulated by the p53/p21Cip1/WAF1‐dependent DNA damage checkpoint signals. The reduction of ICBP90 appeared to be caused by both transcriptional suppression and protein degradation. Adenoviral expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 directly led to ICBP90 reduction in p53−/− HCT116 cells without DNA damage. Furthermore, ICPB90 depletion by RNA interference significantly blocked G1/S transition after DNA damage in HeLa cells. The down‐regulation of ICBP90 is an important mechanism for cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition, which is induced by the activation of a p53/p21Cip1/WAF1‐dependent DNA‐damage checkpoint. Deregulation of ICBP90 may impair the control of G1/S transition during checkpoint activation and lead to genomic instability.
Evaluation of MafG interaction with Maf recognition element arrays by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique
Authors: Kyo Motoki , Yamamoto Tae , Motohashi Hozumi , Kamiya Terue , Kuroita Toshihiro , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Engel James Douglas , Kawakami Bunsei , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: February 2004

Specific interactions between transcription factors and cis‐acting DNA sequence motifs are primary events for the transcriptional regulation. Many regulatory elements appear to diverge from the most optimal recognition sequences. To evaluate affinities of a transcription factor to various suboptimal sequences, we have developed a new detection method based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging technique. Transcription factor MafG and its recognition sequence MARE (Maf recognition elements) were adopted to evaluate the new method. We modified DNA immobilization procedure on to the gold chip, so that a double‐stranded DNA array was successfully fabricated. We further found that a hydrophilic flexible spacer composed of the poly (ethylene glycol) moiety between DNA and alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers on the surface is effective for preventing nonspecific adsorption and facilitating specific binding of MafG. Multiple interaction profiles between MafG and six of MARE‐related sequences were observed by the SPR imaging technique. The kinetic values obtained by SPR imaging showed very good correlation with those obtained from electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays, although absolute values were deviated from each other. These results demonstrate that the double‐stranded DNA array fabricated with the modified multistep procedure can be applied for the comprehensive analysis of the transcription factor‐DNA interaction.
Receptor for advanced glycation end‐products is a marker of type I lung alveolar cells
Authors: Shirasawa Madoka , Fujiwara Naoyuki , Hirabayashi Susumu , Ohno Hideki , Iida Junko , Makita Koshi , Hata Yutaka
Published: February 2004

Lung alveolar epithelial cells are comprised of type I (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells. AΤΙ cells are polarized, although they have very flat morphology. The identification of marker proteins for apical and basolateral membranes of ATI cells is important to investigate into the differentiation of ATI cells. In this paper, we characterized receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) as a marker for ATI cells. RAGE was localized on basolateral membranes of ATI cells in the immunoelectron microscopy and its expression was enhanced in a parallel manner to the differentiation of ATI cells in vivo and in primary cultures of ATII cells. RAGE and T1α, a well‐known ATI marker protein, were targeted to basolateral and apical membranes, respectively, when expressed in polarized Madine Darby canine kidney cells. Moreover, RAGE was expressed in ATI cells after T1αin vivo and in ex in vivo organ cultures. In conclusion, RAGE is a marker for basolateral membranes of well‐differentiated ATI cells. ATI cells require some signal provided by the in vivo environment to express RAGE.
Autoregulation of the HAC1 gene is required for sustained activation of the yeast unfolded protein response
Authors: Ogawa Naoki , Mori Kazutoshi
Published: February 2004

Eukaryotic cells respond to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating a transcriptional induction program termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The transcription factor Hac1p responsible for the UPR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tightly regulated by a post‐transcriptional mechanism. HAC1 mRNA must be spliced in response to ER stress to produce Hac1p, which then activates transcription via direct binding to the cis‐acting UPR element (UPRE) present in the promoter regions of its target genes. Here, we show that the HAC1 promoter itself responds to ER stress to induce transcription of its downstream gene, similarly to the KAR2 promoter; the KAR2 gene represents a major target of the UPR. Consistent with this observation, the HAC1 promoter contains an UPRE‐like sequence, which is necessary and sufficient for the induction and to which Hac1p binds directly. Cells expressing the HAC1 gene from a mutant HAC1 promoter lacking the HAC1 UPRE could not maintain high levels of either unspliced or spliced HAC1 mRNA and became sensitive to ER stress when insulted for hours. Based on these results, we concluded that autoregulation of the HAC1 genes is required for sustained activation of the UPR and sustained resistance to ER stress.
Proteomics analysis of the centromere complex from HeLa interphase cells: UV‐damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB‐1) is a component of the CEN‐complex, while BMI‐1 is transiently co‐localized with the centromeric region in interphase
Authors: Obuse Chikashi , Yang Hua , Nozaki Naohito , Goto Shouhei , Okazaki Tuneko , Yoda Kinya
Published: February 2004

CENP‐A, a centromere‐specific histone H3, is conserved throughout eukaryotes, and formation of CENP‐A chromatin defines the active centromere region. Here, we report the isolation of CENP‐A chromatin from HeLa interphase nuclei by chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti‐CENP‐A monoclonal antibody, and systematic identification of its components by mass spectrometric analyses. The isolated chromatin contained CENP‐B, CENP‐C, CENP‐H, CENP‐I/hMis 6 and hMis 12 as well as CENP‐A, suggesting that the isolated chromatin may represent the centromere complex (CEN‐complex). Mass spectrometric analyses of the CEN‐complex identified approximately 40 proteins, including the previously reported centromere proteins and the proteins of unknown function. In addition, we unexpectedly identified a series of proteins previously reported to be related to functions other than chromosome segregation, such as uvDDB‐1, XAP8, hSNF2H, FACTp180, FACTp80/SSRP1, polycomb group proteins (BMI‐1, RING1, RNF2, HPC3 and PHP2), KNL5 and racGAP. We found that uvDDB‐1 was actually localized to the centromeric region throughout cell cycle, while BMI‐1 was transiently co‐localized with the centromeres in interphase. These results give us new insights into the architecture, dynamics and function of centromeric chromatin in interphase nuclei, which might reflect regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Regulation of transforming growth factor‐β and bone morphogenetic protein signalling by transcriptional coactivator GCN5
Authors: Kahata Kaoru , Hayashi Makoto , Asaka Masahiro , Hellman Ulf , Kitagawa Hirochika , Yanagisawa Jun , Kato Shigeaki , Imamura Takeshi , Miyazono Kohei
Published: February 2004

Smad proteins are intracellular signalling mediators of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily. In the nucleus, activated Smad complexes regulate transcriptional responses of the target genes in cooperation with transcriptional coactivators and corepressors. To identify new components of transcriptional complexes containing Smad proteins, we purified DNA‐binding proteins from human breast cancer MCF‐7 cell nuclear extract using a Smad‐binding DNA element as bait, and identified a coactivator GCN5 as a direct partner of activated Smad complexes. GCN5 is structurally similar to PCAF, which was previously identified as a coactivator for receptor‐regulated Smads (R‐Smads) for TGF‐β signalling pathways. GCN5 functions like PCAF, in that it binds to TGF‐β‐specific R‐Smads, and enhances transcriptional activity induced by TGF‐β. In addition, GCN5, but not PCAF, interacts with R‐Smads for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathways, and enhances BMP‐induced transcriptional activity, suggesting that GCN5 and PCAF have distinct physiological functions in vivo. Moreover, silencing of the GCN5 gene by RNA interference results in repression of transcriptional activities induced by TGF‐β. In conclusion we identified GCN5 as a Smad‐binding transcriptional coactivator which positively regulates both TGF‐β and BMP signalling pathways.
Fish scale collagen. Preparation and partial characterization
Authors: Nagai Takeshi , Izumi Masami , Ishii Masahide
Published: February 2004

Fish scale was decalcified and disaggregated and then collagen was prepared by limited pepsin digestion. The yields of collagens were very high on a dry weight basis; sardine 50.9%, red sea bream 37.5% and Japanese sea bass 41.0%, respectively. These scale collagens were heterotrimers with a chain composition of (α1)2α2. Although the denaturation temperature of the collagen was lower than land animal collagen, fish scales will have potential as an important collagen source for use in various industries.
An oil dilution technique used in small‐scale frying to reduce oil expenditure
Authors: Yilmaz Emin
Published: February 2004

An oil dilution technique was developed and it saved oil expenditure in doughnut frying by about 30% without any compromise in doughnut quality compared with standard small‐scale control frying. Doughnut quality as evaluated by a sensory panel and absorbed fat content measurements, also supported the main findings. In addition, either the oil density, acid value or alkaline contaminant materials can be effectively used to monitor oil quality changes during frying.
Chemical characterization and protein quality evaluation of leaf protein concentrates from Glyricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala
Authors: Agbede Johnson Oluwasola , Aletor Valentine Ayobore
Published: February 2004

Leaves and leaf protein concentrates (LPCs) from leaves of Glyricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala were analysed for chemical constituents. The protein quality of the LPC, with or without dl‐methionine supplementation, was estimated by using sixty weanling albino rats. Glyricidia leaves contained higher crude protein and lower crude fibre than L. leucocephala leaves, while the ash values were identical. In the LPCs, crude protein showed a good balance of amino acids and nutritionally important minerals. The gross energy (GE) was only enhanced in the LPC of Glyricidia and, although tannin content was reduced in the LPCs, the phytate concentration increased. The rat bioassay did not suggest that, even when supplemented with dl‐methionine, Glyricidia or Leucaena LPC would support rat growth when used as the sole sources of dietary protein. Based on the analytical and bioassay data, the nutritional potentials and limitations of these under‐utilized protein resources are discussed.
Couscous, a traditional Turkish food product: production method and some applications for enrichment of nutritional value
Authors: Çelik İlyas , Işık Fatma , Gürsoy Oğuz
Published: February 2004

Traditional Turkish couscous, a cereal‐based product, is made by covering bulgur with milk and flour. Traditionally Turkish couscous was produced from different flours (soyflour and oat flour) and eggs. The nutrient composition of traditional couscous was 90.6% dry matter, 11.27% protein, 2.58% fat, 71.80% carbohydrate, 42.25 mg sodium, 365.62 mg potassium, 2.73 mg iron and 48.30 mg calcium. The calorie content of traditional couscous is about 1487.41 kJ 100 g−1. The addition of soy and oat flours increased protein content and Ca, K and Fe levels. Sensory properties were also affected. Panellists preferred traditional couscous and couscous with eggs or soyflour over couscous with oat flour.
Characterization of hemicelluloses of sugar beet roots grown in Morocco
Authors: Fares Khalid , Renard Catherine M. G. C. , Crepeau Marie‐Jeanne , Thibault Jean‐François
Published: February 2004

Hemicelluloses, extracted by means of concentrated alkali (1 m, followed by 4 m sodium hydroxide) from alcohol‐insoluble, pectin‐free residue of Moroccan sugar beet samples, obtained by using 1 m NaOH were collected twice in 1996 (Early and Late samples). The hemicellulose extracts were precipitated by aqueous ethanol at 50 and 75%, giving three fractions P50, P75 and S (supernatant), each aqueous ethanol fraction represented approximately one‐third of the initial material. The supernatants were mostly arabinose (271–339 m g−1 and 115–164 mg g−1, for the 1 m and the 4 m extracts, respectively). Proteins were present in the supernatants and P75 fractions. Glucuronic acid and diferulic acid were present in some samples. Fractionation of P50 and P75 on DEAE Sepharose gave initial fractions containing fucose, xylose and glucose (xyloglucans). The fractions from P75 were rich in mannose and glucose (glucomannans). Those fractions that were retained were rich in xylose and arabinose but also glucose (up to 40–45 mol%) in the case of the Late season samples. The material that could only be eluted from the DEAE column by 0.5 m sodium hydroxide was mostly composed of xylose (74–80 mol%). Methylation analysis of these fractions showed the characteristic structure of xylans.
Thermal kinetics of pungency loss in relation to the quality of pickled garlic
Authors: Rejano Luis , Castro Antonio de , Sánchez Antonio H. , Casado Francisco J. , Montaño Alfredo
Published: February 2004

The kinetics of the loss of pungency (enzymatically formed pyruvate) from garlic slices during heating was investigated at selected temperatures (60, 65, 70 and 75 °C) with the aim of optimizing the water blanching treatment in the processing of pickled garlic. For each temperature, after a lag period, pungency appeared to decrease in two phases as heating progressed. The first and more important phase, which was used for the calculation of the kinetic parameters, followed first‐order kinetics. The calculated z‐value (9.4 °C) was significantly lower than z‐values generally reported for degradation of quality factors in foods. The effectiveness of thermal treatment to eliminate pungent flavour and inhibit green discolouration increased with increasing temperatures. Optimum blanch treatment was reached at 80 °C for 1.1 min. Pyruvate determination was shown to be a better indicator of pungency than allicin determination in blanched garlic slices.
Characteristics of set type yoghurt made from caprine or ovine milk and mixtures of the two
Authors: Stelios Kaminarides , Emmanuel Anifantakis
Published: February 2004

Rheological, physico‐chemical and organoleptic studies were made on five types of yoghurt originally from pure caprine milks of an Alpine breed and local breeds, pure ovine milk of the Lacaune breed, and two mixtures containing 50% caprine milk from an Alpine breed + 50% ovine milk of the Lacaune breed and 70% caprine milk of local breeds + 30% ovine milk of the Lacaune breed. Comparison of the yoghurts showed that it was possible to produce yoghurt of good quality from the last four types of milk. In contrast, pure caprine milk from an Alpine breed was not suitable for the production of yoghurt as this milk is low in dry matter and the yoghurt that was produced had the lowest firmness and significantly inferior organoleptic characteristics. Yoghurts prepared from mixtures of 50% caprine milk of an Alpine breed + 50% ovine milk of the Lacaune breed, and 70% caprine milk of local breeds + 30% ovine milk of the Lacaune breed, were of good quality, with similar consistency, rheological and organoleptic characteristics.
Rheological behaviour and colour changes of ginger paste during storage
Authors: Ahmed Jasim
Published: February 2004

Ginger paste was prepared from fresh ginger by addition of 8% common salt and citric acid. The paste was thermally processed and packed in glass, polyethyleneterephthalate or high‐density‐polyethylene containers and stored at 5 ± 1 and 25 ± 1 °C for 120 days. The rheological characteristics of the paste were studied by using a computer controlled rotational viscometer over the temperature range of 20–80 °C. Samples were subjected to a programmed shear rate, increasing linearly from 0 to 200 s−1 in 3 min, followed by a steady shear at 200 s−1 for 3 min and finally decreasing linearly from 200 to 0 s−1 in 3 min. Ginger paste exhibited pseudoplasticity with yield stress and flow adequately described by the Herschel–Bulkley model. The yield stress decreased exponentially with process temperature and ranged between 3.86 and 27.82 Pa. The flow behaviour index (n) varied between 0.66 and 0.82 over the temperature range. Both consistency index and apparent viscosity decreased with increase in temperature and the process activation energies were found to be in the range of 16.7 to 21.9 kJ mol−1. The effect of temperature was significant (P < 0.05) on the Hunter colour combination value of the paste during storage; however it was not affected by type of packaging material (P > 0.05). It is recommended that ginger paste is stored at 5 ± 1 °C in polyethyleneterephthalate or glass containers.
Dietary supplementation of α‐tocopheryl acetate on α‐tocopherol levels in duck tissues and its influence on meat storage stability
Authors: Russell Elizabeth Anne , Lynch Patrick Brendan , O'Sullivan Kathleen , Kerry Joseph Patrick
Published: February 2004

The effect of feeding three levels of α‐tocopheryl acetate on quality and stability of duck meat was studied. Day‐old white Peking ducklings (n = 75) were assigned to three dietary treatments (n = 25) 20 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E20, control), 400 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E400) and 1000 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E1000). α‐Tocopherol concentrations in breast, thigh, liver and heart tissues were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, in a dose‐dependent manner. Supplementation also enhanced oxidative stability of duck muscle. Breast muscle was more susceptible to lipid oxidation than thigh muscle for all groups studied, even though breast muscle contained higher α‐tocopherol levels than thigh muscle. These findings are significant because previous studies using chickens and turkeys showed that breast meat was always more stable than thigh meat and that thigh meat always had higher α‐tocopherol levels than breast meat. Supplementation with α‐tocopheryl acetate did not improve the colour stability of duck meat.
Biological Reactions Resulting from Endotoxin Adsorbed on Dialysis Membrane: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tsuchida Kenji , Nakatani Tatsuya , Sugimura Kazunobu , Yoshimura Rikio , Matsuyama Masahide , Takemoto Yoshiaki
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Some types of dialysis membrane are known to adsorb endotoxin (ET). It is suggested that the biocompatibility of dialysis membrane is enhanced by adsorption and inhibition of ET. This study attempts to clarify the membrane‐mediated biological reaction of the ET that is adsorbed to a dialysis membrane. After a dialysis circuit was prepared, contaminated dialysate was introduced on the dialysate side of a polyether polymer alloy (PEPA) membrane that adsorbs ET while saline solution or blood were introduced on the blood side, and the difference in ET adsorption between the two set‐ups was measured. Further, the side filled with blood was left standing for 2 h, after which the changes in the amount of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) produced from the whole blood were also assayed. Significantly more ET was adsorbed to the dialysis membrane when blood rather than saline was on the other side. In addition, the IL‐1Ra production from the dialysis membrane that adsorbed ET was significantly higher. The ET adsorbed to the dialysis membrane may influence a living body even if it does not pass through the membrane. Accordingly, it is difficult to assume that the adsorption of ET to the membrane enhances its biocompatibility.
Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Dynamics in Pulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Pennati Giancarlo , Fiore Gianfranco B. , Laganà Katia , Fumero Roberto
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  The design criteria of an extracorporeal circuit suitable for pulsatile flow are quite different and more entangled than for steady flow. The time and costs of the design process could be reduced if mutual influences between the pulsatile pump and other extracorporeal devices were considered without experimental trial‐and‐error activities. With this in mind, we have developed a new lumped‐parameter mathematical model of the hydraulic behavior of the arterial side of an extracorporeal circuit under pulsatile flow conditions. Generally, components feature a resistant–inertant–compliant behavior and the most relevant nonlinearities are accounted for. Parameter values were derived either by experimental tests or by analytical analysis. The pulsatile pump is modeled as a pure pulsatile flow generator. Model predictions were compared with flow rate and pressure tracings measured during hydraulic tests on two different circuits at various flow rates and pulse frequencies. The normalized root mean square error did not exceed 24% and the model accurately describes the changes that occur in the basic features of the pressure and flow wave propagating from  the  pulsatile pump to the arterial cannula.
Ozonated Autohemotherapy in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Influence on Lipid Profile and Endothelium
Authors: Tylicki Leszek , Biedunkiewicz Bogdan , Nieweglowski Tomasz , Chamienia Andrzej , Slizien Alicja Debska , Luty Joanna , Lysiak‐Szydlowska Wieslawa , Rutkowski Boleslaw
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Ozonated autohemotherapy (O3‐AHT) is used in the treatment of atherosclerotic ischemia of lower limbs (AILL). The impact of ozone on serum lipids and endothelium injury is of particular interest since these factors are important in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. To evaluate this issue, a prospective, placebo‐controlled study was designed. Twelve hemodialyzed subjects with AILL received autohemotherapy with oxygen as a control followed by O3‐AHT with ozone concentration of 50 µg/ml. Serum lipids and plasma activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured. After O3‐AHT, total cholesterol significantly decreased compared to the baseline (−8.34%) [P < 0.01]. LDL cholesterol was also significantly lower than the initial value (−17.71%) [P < 0.001]. No significant changes in the activity of vWF were found after the first session of O3‐AHT and after all nine sessions of O3‐AHT. The study demonstrated that O3‐AHT did not affect deleteriously the endothelium in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. It  may stimulate beneficial changes in serum lipid profile manifesting as  a  decrease  in the total‐ and LDL‐cholesterol  levels.
Outcome of the Perioperative Use of Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support for Adult Cardiac Surgery: Factors Affecting Hospital Mortality
Authors: Murashita Toshifumi , Eya Kazuhiro , Miyatake Tsukasa , Kamikubo Yasuhiro , Shiiya Norihiko , Yasuda Keishu , Sasaki Shigeyuki
Published: February 2004

Abstract: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support (PCPS) has become a widespread standard modality for the treatment of circulatory collapse; however, its clinical use for postcardiotomy low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) has been reported to be unsatisfactory. We reviewed the clinical outcomes of twenty‐three patients undergoing cardiac surgery and treated with PCPS. Solitary coronary artery grafting was undertaken for nine patients, while three had concomitant procedures. The remaining patients underwent valvular surgery. The indications for PCPS were preoperative shock in two patients and postcardiotomy LOS or shock in twenty‐one patients. All patients except one underwent an intraaortic balloon pump. Sixteen of the twenty‐three patients (69.6%) were weaned from PCPS and twelve patients (52.2%) reached hospital discharge. A univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for hospital mortality were age older than seventy years (P = 0.05), PCPS running time (P = 0.017), low cardiac function at the institution of PCPS (P = 0.004), and urine output within the initial 24 h (P = 0.041). The cardiac index (CI) in survivors was improved within 24 h, and eleven of the twelve survivors were weaned off PCPS within 48 h, whereas ten of the twelve nonsurvivors required PCPS for more than 48 h (P = 0.0006). There is little possibility of weaning patients from PCPS who do not show any signs of hemodynamic recovery within 48 h after its institution. Limited use of PCPS within 48 h may be applicable for postcardiotomy patients, but other cardiopulmonary support, such as a left ventricular assist device, may be required when hemodynamic recovery is not obtained within 48 h.
Ventricular Assist Devices as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation: The Ottawa Experience
Authors: Haddad Michel , Hendry Paul J. , Masters Roy G. , Mesana Thierry , Haddad Haissam , Davies Ross A. , Mussivand Tofy V. , Struthers Christine , Keon Wilbert J.
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  This article reports our experience with ventricular assist devices (VADs) as a bridge to cardiac transplan‐tation.  From  1991  to  2003,  a  total  of  42  patients  received a  Thoratec  VAD  (Thoratec  Laboratories  Corporation Inc., Pleasanton, CA, U.S.A.) (Group T) and 12 patients received a Novacor VAD (WorldHeart Corporation, Ottawa, Canada) (Group N). Thirty Thoratec patients were transplanted compared to six in the Novacor group. Four more Novacor patients are still supported. Of the transplanted patients, 87% survived to hospital discharge in Group T and 67% in Group N. Infections affected 29% and 50% of Group T patients during support and post‐transplantation, respectively, compared to 25% and 0%, respectively, in Group N. Neurologic complications affected 33% of patients in each group during support. Reopening rates for bleeding during support were 45% and 42% in Groups T and N, respectively. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of VADs  in  bridging  mortally  ill  cardiac  patients  to  successful heart transplantation.
Patient Selection for Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Mielniczuk Lisa , Mussivand Tofy , Davies Ross , Mesana Thierry G. , Masters Roy G. , Hendry Paul J. , Keon Wilbert J. , Haddad Haissam A.
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  The use of mechanical support as a bridge to cardiac transplant has become the standard of care in many cardiac transplant centers. This therapy has been shown to increase survival and improve morbidity in carefully selected patients waiting for heart transplantation. With approximately 30 000 patients being listed worldwide for transplant every year and only 3500 transplantations performed annually, alternative strategies need to be developed to minimize morbidity and mortality in this high‐risk population. Patient selection remains the primary determinant of success with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. This article will review both the cardiac and extracardiac considerations needed in the assessment of patient suitability for LVAD support as a bridge to transplantation.
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia Due to the Inadvertent Use of a Calcium‐free Hemodialysate
Authors: Ulozas Erlandas , Chebrolu Srivasa B. , Shanaah Almothana , Daoud Tarek M. , Leehey David J. , Ing Todd S.
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Hemodialysis using a bath with less‐than‐normal calcium level can cause hypocalcemia. The development of symptomatic hypocalcemia with resultant hypotension after the inadvertent use of a calcium‐free dialysate in a maintenance hemodialysis patient is described. It is suggested that the occurrence of similar mishaps in the future can be reduced by close checking of dialysate concentrate labels.
Development of a Cultured Dermal Substitute Composed of a Spongy Matrix of Hyaluronic Acid and Atelo‐collagen Combined with Fibroblasts: Cryopreservation
Authors: Kubo Kentaro , Kuroyanagi Yoshimitsu
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  An allogeneic cultured dermal substitute (CDS) was prepared by cultivating fibroblasts on a two‐layered spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid (HA) and atelo‐collagen (Col). The ability of fibroblasts to secrete cytokines is dependent on the conditions of freezing and thawing. The first experiment was designed to investigate the effects of supplements in a cryoprotective medium, that is, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, and fetal bovine serum (FBS). In each experiment we measured the cell viability after thawing and the cell growth in CDS recultured after thawing. In addition, the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from the CDS recultured for one week after thawing was measured. The highest values of cell viability, cell growth, and the amount of VEGF released were obtained when CDS was frozen in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% DMSO and 40% FBS, and then thawed quickly in a water bath at 37°C. However, due to the high cost of FBS, in clinical applications CDS is usually frozen in DMEM supplemented with 10% DMSO and 20% FBS. In practice, however, physicians often cannot use CDS immediately after thawing, depending on clinical conditions. Therefore, in the second experiment we investigated cell viability at different time points after thawing. In addition, we investigated cell growth and the amount of VEGF released from fibroblasts in CDS at different time points after thawing under different conditions, and after further reculturing for one week. We recommend that CDS be rinsed with lactated Ringer's solution immediately after thawing, and that it be used within 4 h after thawing.
Development of an Electro‐stethoscope System and Design of an Optimum Filter Based on Tissue Sound Transmission for Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Malfunction of an Implanted Mechanical Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Okamoto Eiji , Inoue Taku , Hashimoto Takuya , Saito Itsuro , Abe Yusuke , Chinzei Tsuneo , Isoyama Takashi , Imachi Kou , Mitamura Yoshinori
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Early diagnosis of the malfunction of a mechanical artificial heart implanted in a patient who has been discharged from hospital is very important. We have developed an electro‐stethoscope system that enables the malfunction of an artificial heart to be detected from the analysis of sound signals from the artificial heart. The sound data can be transmitted to a hospital via a mobile telephone or the Internet, so that doctors can examine the condition of the artificial heart. The optimum frequency characteristics of a low‐pass filter for the elimination of ambient sound through the electro‐stethoscope casing were obtained by simulating sound transmission through tissue. We evaluated the usefulness of the electro‐stethoscope system using a goat in which an undulation pump total artificial heart had been implanted. A frequency analysis of the sound signal provided information on the degree of degradation of each mechanical component of the artificial heart. The results of this study showed that the electro‐stethoscope system is useful for the early detection of the malfunction of an artificial heart at home, and that the use of the system contributes to improvement in the quality of life of patients.
Pyrogen Transfer across High‐ and Low‐flux Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Weber Viktoria , Linsberger Ingrid , Rossmanith Eva , Weber Christoph , Falkenhagen Dieter
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  The extent to which bacterial products from contaminated dialysate enter a patient's blood depends upon the type and permeability of the hemodialysis membrane in use. This study was performed to assess the transfer of pyrogenic substances across both high‐ and low‐flux membranes (DIAPES, Fresenius Polysulfone, Helixone, Polyamide S). All experiments were carried out in the saline–saline model. The dialysate pool was contaminated either with purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (250 and 500 EU/mL) or with sterile bacterial culture filtrates (20 EU/mL), and in vitro dialysis was performed under diffusive and convective conditions. A significant transfer of endotoxin was observed for both low‐ and high‐flux DIAPES challenged with either LPS or with bacterial culture filtrates. Under identical conditions, no transfer of endotoxins was detectable across Fresenius Polysulfone and Helixone upon challenge with purified LPS. With bacterial culture filtrates, endotoxin concentrations for Polyamide S and Fresenius Polysulfone were about 10% and 1%, respectively, of those measured for DIAPES, whereas no transfer of endotoxin was detectable for Helixone. Using an alternative assay (induction of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐1Ra, in whole blood), only the DIAPES membrane showed the passage of cytokine‐inducing substances. Thus, when saline is present in both the blood and dialysate compartments (i.e., the situation during predialysis priming procedures), dialysis membranes differ profoundly with respect to their permeability to endotoxins.
Rotary Blood Pumps for Cardiac Assistance: A “Must”?
Authors: Mesana Thierry G.
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) were developed following the observation that most end‐stage heart failure patients only required left heart support for survival. The trend toward left VAD implantation instead of a TAH has actually contributed to the development of nonpulsatile rotational devices. This article intends to evaluate the current and future technology of continuous flow pumps. Various issues pertaining to the long‐term effects of continuous blood flow, biocompatibility of axial flow pumps, and the safety and reliability of such devices need to be addressed. Some of the advantages of rotary blood pumps include their small size, ease of implantation, and encouraging low infection rates. Certain issues such as automatic flow control, device components durability, and hemocompatibility remain unresolved. The quest for an ideal device combining optimal efficiency, ease of anatomical fit, and perfect bioacceptance, continues. Rotary blood pumps are not yet a “must.”
Heart Transplantation at the Ottawa Heart Institute: Comparison with Canadian and International Results
Authors: Davies Ross A. , Badovinac Kim , Haddad Haissam , Hendry Paul J. , Masters Roy G. , Struthers Christine , Veinot John P. , Smith Stuart , Mussivand Tofy V. , Mesana Thierry , Keon Wilbert J.
Published: February 2004

Abstract:  Heart transplantation has been carried out in 340 patients in Ottawa, including seventy‐one who required mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to transplant. Survival in Ottawa was compared with other Canadian centers based on data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register up to the year 2000 and with the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) registry 2001. For survival analysis, the number of adult patients at risk at year 0 was 303 (87 transplanted from 1985 to 1990, 105 from 1990 to 1994, and 111 from 1995 to 2000). The Statistical Analysis System (SAS) life test procedure was used. Survival was not adjusted for comorbidities or heart failure class. For the year of transplant 1985–1989, one‐, five‐, and ten‐year patient survival in Ottawa was 83%, 70%, and 60%, respectively, compared to 82%, 71%, and 54%, respectively, for Canada (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.71), and compared to one‐ and five‐year survival for ISHLT from 1980 to 1987 at 76% and 60%, respectively. For 1990–1994, one‐, five‐, and ten‐year patient survival in Ottawa was 88%, 81%, and 74%, respectively, compared to 80%, 71%, and 61%, respectively, for Canada (P = 0.05), and compared to one‐ and five‐year survival for ISHLT from 1998 to 1992 at 80% and 68%, respectively. For 1995–2000, one‐ and five‐year patient survival in Ottawa was 90% and 82%, respectively, compared to 85% and 76%, respectively, for Canada (P = 0.09), and compared to one‐ and five‐year survival for ISHLT from 1993 to 1996 at 82% and 68%, respectively. Survival after heart transplantation in Ottawa compares  favorably  with  Canadian  and  international data.