bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Phloretin Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Its Application in Seafood
Authors: Chen Siyang , Zhu Wenxiu , Zhan Yiqun , Xia Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Although phloretin is widely utilized in the food industry as an additive, its effects on foodborne pathogens remain insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of phloretin (PHL) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action. After PHL treatment, alterations in the cell morphology, cell microstructure, and intracellular contents of V. parahaemolyticus were assessed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed substantial damage to cell integrity, subsequent to PHL treatment. A notable reduction in intracellular components, including proteins, ATP, and DNA, was observed in samples treated with PHL. PHL was shown to inhibit the activities of ATPase, β-galactosidase, and respiratory chain dehydrogenase in V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, it was demonstrated to elevate the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and promote cell death. After being applied to sea bass, shrimp, and oysters, PHL effectively inactivated V. parahaemolyticus in these seafoods. These findings demonstrate that PHL has potential for application in seafood to control V. parahaemolyticus.
Aerospace Mutagenesis Increases the Content of Characteristic Metabolites of Tea Tree Leaves and Enhances Taste Characteristics of Tea Leaves
Authors: Chen Jiaming , Luo Yangxin , Zhang Qi , Wang Yulin , Wang Tingting , Jia Miao , Liao Yankun , Jia Xiaoli , Wang Haibin , Ye Jianghua
Published: November 2024

Aerospace mutagenesis can alter the physiological metabolism and growth of tea trees and affect tea leaf quality. In this study, the effect of aerospace mutagenesis on the metabolite content and taste characteristics of Dahongpao fresh leaves and raw tea were analyzed. The results showed that aerospace mutagenesis had little effect on the composition and total amount of metabolites in fresh leaves and raw tea, but significantly changed the content of different metabolites. Aerospace mutagenesis improved the content of lipids, lignans and coumarins, and amino acids and derivatives, which in turn enhanced the aroma and fresh and brisk taste of fresh leaves. Aerospace mutagenesis increased the content of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, lignans and coumarins, amino acids and derivatives, and organic acids in raw tea, and enhanced the bitterness, mellowness, and fresh and brisk taste of raw tea. This study provides a basis for the development of aerospace mutagenesis Dahongpao tea products and the establishment of processing techniques.
A Review of the Nutritional Composition, Storage Challenges, Processing Technology and Widespread Use of Bamboo Shoots
Authors: Ma Ting , Mo Wenfeng , Lv Beibei , Wang Wenxuan , He Hailin , Jian Cuiwen , Liu Xiaoling , Li Shubo , Guo Yuan
Published: November 2024

Bamboo shoots, as the young bamboo stems, are rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, as well as many bioactive substances beneficial to health, and are gaining in importance worldwide as a healthy food and dietary supplement. However, fresh bamboo shoots lignify rapidly after harvesting and contain cyanogenic glycosides, limiting the safe and healthy consumption of bamboo shoots. To this end, based on the changes in nutritional composition and the physiological properties of fresh and post-harvest bamboo shoots, factors affecting the preservation of post-harvest bamboo shoots are emphasized, including a series of physical and chemical regimes and various processing methods for post-harvest preservation. Furthermore, a systematic biorefinery approach for using bamboo shoot processing residue to prepare value-added products is also discussed. Finally, the article also discusses issues related to sustainable development, safeguarding food security, and addressing potential health impacts in order to provide a scientific basis for researchers to further develop and increase the added value of bamboo shoots.
Grape Pomace for Feed Enrichment to Improve the Quality of Animal-Based Foods
Authors: Blasi Francesca , Trovarelli Valentina , Mangiapelo Luciano , Ianni Federica , Cossignani Lina
Published: November 2024

In this review, the potential role of grape pomace (GP) as a tool for improving feed has been critically summarized, considering the findings of the literature of the last five years (2020–2024). The main applications of GP to the nutrition of different animals and the impact on derived foods (meat, milk and dairy products, eggs, fish) are discussed along with the major advantages and limits. Emphasis was placed on the phenols and fatty acids of GP, which are considered phytochemicals with health-promoting effects. Phenolic compounds increase the antioxidant potential of animal-based foods even if their content and profile are strongly related to grape cultivar and geographical origin. Unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and oleic acids, contributed to extending the shelf life of new products. Few approaches exploited chemometrics tools. Generally, GP showed a promising role in feed fortification, even if, in most cases, GP was key only if used in a correct percentage within a balanced diet and for an adequate administration time. From a multidisciplinary perspective, future research endeavors should prioritize a larger sampling, a deep phenol fraction characterization, and an appropriate chemometric approach.
Non-Covalent Interactions of Lotus Root Polysaccharides and Polyphenols and their Regulatory Mechanism on Macrophage Functions
Authors: Li Yajie , Huang Nan , Liu Qiulan , Sun Ying , Peng Kaidi , Jiang Xueyu , Yi Yang
Published: November 2024

Despite the interaction between polyphenols and polysaccharides in food products, their specific non-covalent interactions and effects on macrophage functions are not well understood. Therefore, the interaction and mechanism of purified lotus root polysaccharide (PLRP) with polyphenols, and the regulatory mechanisms of the PLRP-polyphenol complex on the macrophage functionals were studied. By combining ferulic acid (FA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) with PLRP, the complexes PLRP-FA, PLRP-CHA and the physical mixtures PLRP&FA and PLRP&CHA were prepared, where their mass ratios of polyphenols to PLRP were 143.97 and 601.67 mg g−1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet (UV), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that PLRP and polyphenols may engage in non-covalent interactions via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. We confirmed that non-covalent interactions led to high molecular weight, dense complexes. Both PLRP and its polyphenol complexes stimulated NO production by macrophages to varying degrees without exacerbating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses. PLRP and PLRP-polyphenol complexes repaired cells with impaired antioxidant capacity, depending on doses. Those results indicated that after the combination of lotus root polysaccharide and polyphenol, the molecular weight and conformation changed significantly, which influenced the biological activity. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the regulatory mechanism of PLRP-polyphenol complex in macrophages may mainly involve oxidative phosphorylation, FoxO, TNF, IL-17, MAPK, NF-kappa B, and other signaling pathways. This study investigated the effects of polyphenol binding on the physicochemical characteristics and functional activities of polysaccharides, which provided references for the development of polysaccharide functional products and the control of nutritional quality.
Inhibitory Effect of DNase–Chitosan–Nisin Nanoparticles on Cell Viability, Motility, and Spatial Structures of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms
Authors: Pang Xinyi , Du Xueying , Hu Xin , Feng Zeyin , Sun Jing , Li Xiangfei , Lu Yingjian
Published: November 2024

Listeria monocytogenes biofilm contamination on food contact surfaces is a major concern for the food industry. Nanoparticle encapsulation appears as a novel strategy for food surface disinfection to prevent biofilm formation. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nisin and DNase I (DNase-CS-N) have been constructed to exhibit antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes. This study aimed to investigate their ability to inhibit L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and eliminate preformed biofilms on food contact surfaces (polystyrene, polyurethane, and stainless steel). DNase-CS-N could decrease 99% and 99.5% biofilm cell numbers at 1/2 MIC and MIC, respectively. At sub-MICs, DNase-CS-N could reduce cell motility (swimming and swarming) and slime production of L. monocytogenes. In terms of effect on biofilm elimination, DNase-CS-N at the concentration of 4 MIC led to 3–4 log reduction in biofilm cells in preformed biofilms, performing higher efficiency compared with other treatments (CSNPs, CS-N). Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure of L. monocytogenes biofilms was severely disrupted after DNase-CS-N treatment, with bacterial cells scattered on the surface. The morphology of biofilm cells was also greatly damaged with wrinkled surfaces, disrupted cell membranes, and leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins. These results indicate the potential applicability of DNase-CS-N for inhibiting and eliminating L. monocytogenes biofilms on food contact surfaces.
Industrial Production of Functional Foods for Human Health and Sustainability
Authors: Yuan Xinrui , Zhong Moyu , Huang Xinxin , Hussain Zahid , Ren Maozhi , Xie Xiulan
Published: November 2024

Functional foods significantly affect social stability, human health, and food security. Plants and microorganisms are high-quality chassis for the bioactive ingredients in functional foods. Characterised by precise nutrition and the provision of both nutritive and medicinal value, functional foods serve a as key extension of functional agriculture and offer assurance of food availability for future space exploration efforts. This review summarises the main bioactive ingredients in functional foods and their functions, describes the strategies used for the nutritional fortification and industrial production of functional foods, and provides insights into the challenges and future developments in the applications of plants and microorganisms in functional foods. Our review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods, ensure the successful production of new products, and support the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, including no poverty, zero hunger, and good health and well-being.
A Robust and Versatile Numerical Framework for Modeling Complex Fractional Phenomena: Applications to Riccati and Lorenz Systems
Authors: Abdelfattah Waleed Mohammed , Ragb Ola , Salah Mohamed , Mohamed Mokhtar
Published: November 2024

The fractional differential quadrature method (FDQM) with generalized Caputo derivatives is used in this paper to show a new numerical way to solve fractional Riccati equations and fractional Lorenz systems. Unlike previous FDQM applications that have primarily focused on linear problems, our work pioneers the use of this method for nonlinear fractional initial value problems. By combining Lagrange interpolation polynomials and discrete singular convolution (DSC) shape functions with the generalized Caputo operator, we effectively transform nonlinear fractional equations into algebraic systems. An iterative method is then utilized to address the nonlinearity. Our numerical results, obtained using MATLAB, demonstrate the exceptional accuracy and efficiency of this approach, with convergence rates reaching 10−8. Comparative analysis with existing methods highlights the superior performance of the DSC shape function in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, and reliability. Our results highlight the versatility of our approach in tackling a wider variety of intricate nonlinear fractional differential equations.
An Objective Classification Scheme for Solar-System Bodies Based on Surface Gravity
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: November 2024

We introduce succinct and objective definitions of the various classes of objects in the solar system. Unlike the formal definitions adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2006, group separation is obtained from measured physical properties of the objects. Thus, this classification scheme does not rely on orbital/environmental factors that are subject to debate—the physical parameters are intrinsic properties of the objects themselves. Surface gravity g is the property that single-handedly differentiates (a) planets from all other objects (and it leaves no room for questioning the demotion of Pluto), and (b) the six largest (g>1 m s−2) of the large satellites from dwarf planets. Large satellites are separated from small satellites by their sizes and masses/densities, which may serve as higher-order qualifiers for class membership. Size considerations are also sufficient for the classification of (i) main-belt asteroids (except possibly Ceres) as small solar-system bodies similar in physical properties to the small satellites; and (ii) a group of large Kuiper-belt objects as dwarf planets similar in physical properties to the large (but not the largest) satellites in our solar system. The selection criteria are simple and clear and reinforce the argument that body shape and environmental factors need not be considered in stipulating class membership of solar as well as extrasolar bodies.
Bacterial Cellulose–Silk Hydrogel Biosynthesized by Using Coconut Skim Milk as Culture Medium for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chaikhunsaeng Junchanok , Phatchayawat Phasuwit P. , Kirdponpattara Suchata , Phisalaphong Muenduen
Published: November 2024

In this study, hydrogel films of biocomposite comprising bacterial cellulose (BC) and silk (S) were successfully fabricated through a simple, facile, and cost-effective method via biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum in a culture medium of coconut skim milk/mature coconut water supplemented with the powders of thin-shell silk cocoon (SC). Coconut skim milk/mature coconut water and SC are the main byproducts of coconut oil and silk textile industries, respectively. The S/BC films contain protein, carbohydrate, fat, and minerals and possess a number of properties beneficial to wound healing and tissue engineering, including nontoxicity, biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, flexibility, and high water absorption capacity. It was demonstrated that silk could fill into a porous structure and cover fibers of the BC matrix with very good integration. In addition, components (fat, protein, etc.) in coconut skim milk could be well incorporated into the hydrogel, resulting in a more elastic structure and higher tensile strength of films. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of BC film from coconut skim milk (BCM) were 212.4 MPa and 2.54%, respectively, which were significantly higher than BC film from mature coconut water (BCW). A more elastic structure and relatively higher tensile strength of S/BCM compared with S/BCW were observed. The films of S/BCM and S/BCW showed very high water uptake ability in the range of 400–500%. The presence of silk in the films also significantly enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and cell-to-cell interaction of Vero and HaCat cells. According to multiple improved properties, S/BC hydrogel films are high-potential candidates for application as biomaterials for wound dressing and tissue engineering.
Advanced Applications of Polymer Hydrogels in Electronics and Signal Processing
Authors: Suleimenov Ibragim , Gabrielyan Oleg , Kopishev Eldar , Kadyrzhan Aruzhan , Bakirov Akhat , Vitulyova Yelizaveta
Published: November 2024

The current state of affairs in the field of using polymer hydrogels for the creation of innovative systems for signal and image processing, of which computing is a special case, is analyzed. Both of these specific examples of systems capable of forming an alternative to the existing semiconductor-based computing technology, but assuming preservation of the used algorithmic basis, and non-trivial signal converters, the nature of which requires transition to fundamentally different algorithms of data processing, are considered. It is shown that the variability of currently developed information processing systems based on the use of polymers, including polymer hydrogels, leads to the need to search for complementary algorithms. Moreover, the well-known thesis that modern polymer science allows for the realization of functional materials with predetermined properties, at the present stage, receives a new sounding: it is acceptable to raise the question of creating systems built on a quasi-biological basis and realizing predetermined algorithms of information or image processing. Specific examples that meet this thesis are considered, in particular, promising information protection systems for UAV groups, as well as systems based on the coupling of neural networks with holograms that solve various applied problems. These and other case studies demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation for solving problems arising from the need for further modernization of signal processing systems.
Investigation of the Effect of Integrated Offset, GPS, and InSAR Data in the Stochastic Source Modeling of the 2002 Denali Earthquake
Authors: Shoaeifar Parva , Goda Katsuichiro
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of geological field measurement (offset), global positioning system (GPS), and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data on the estimation of the co-seismic earthquake displacements of the 2002 Denali earthquake. The analysis is conducted using stochastic source modeling. Uncertainties associated with each dataset limit their effectiveness in source model selection and raise questions about the adequate number of datasets and their type for reliable source estimation. To address these questions, stochastic source models with heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions are synthesized using the von Kármán wavenumber spectrum and statistical scaling relationships. The surface displacements of the generated stochastic sources are obtained using the Okada method. The surface displacements are compared with the available datasets (i.e., offset, GPS, and InSAR) individually and in an integrated form. The results indicate that the performance of stochastic source generation can be significantly improved in the case of using GPS data and in the integrated case. Overall, based on the case study of the 2002 Denali earthquake, the combined use of all available datasets increases the robustness of the stochastic source modeling method in characterizing surface displacement. However, GPS data contribute more than InSAR and offset data in producing reliable source models.
Artifacts of Glory and Pain: Evolving Cultural Narratives on Confederate Symbolism and Commemoration in a New Era of Social Justice
Authors: Jameson John H.
Published: November 2024

The American Civil War has been commemorated with a great variety of monuments, memorials, and markers. These monuments were erected for a variety of reasons, beginning with memorialization of the fallen and later to honor aging veterans, commemoration of significant anniversaries associated with the conflict, memorialization of sites of conflict, and celebration of the actions of military leaders. Sources reveal that during both the Jim Crow and Civil Rights eras, many monuments were erected as part of an organized propaganda campaign to terrorize African American communities and distort the past by promoting a “Lost Cause” narrative. Through subsequent decades, to this day, complex and emotional narratives have surrounded interpretive legacies of the Civil War. Instruments of commemoration, through both physical and digital intervention approaches, can be provocative and instructive, as the country deals with a slavery legacy and the commemorated objects and spaces surrounding Confederate inheritances. Today, all of these potential factors and outcomes, with internationally relevance, are surrounded by swirls of social and political contention and controversy, including the remembering/forgetting dichotomies of cultural heritage. In this article, drawing from the testimony of scholars and artists, I address the conceptual landscape of approaches to the presentation and evolving participatory narratives of Confederate monuments that range from absolute expungement and removal to more restrained ideas such as in situ re-contextualization, removal to museums, and preservation-in-place. I stress not so much the academic debate but how the American public is informed about and reacts to the various issues related to Confederate memorialization. My main point, where my premise stands out in the literature, is that, for the sake of posterity, and our ability to connect and engage with a tangible in situ artifact, not all Confederate statues should be taken down. Some of them, or remnants of them, should be preserved as sites of conscience and reflection, with their social and political meanings ongoing and yet to be determined in the future. The modern dilemma turns on the question: In today’s new era of social justice, are these monuments primarily symbols of oppression, or can we see them, in select cases, alternatively as sites of conscience and reflection encompassing more inclusive conversations about commemoration? What we conserve and assign as the ultimate public value of these monuments rests with how we answer this question.
Effects and Mechanisms of TikTok Use on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Luo Yunfeng , Yu Han , Kuang Yalin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok emerged as a significant app for entertainment and information acquisition for the general public, gradually extending its reach to the older population. Digital technology, exemplified by TikTok, has become an indispensable part of older adults’ lives. However, while prior studies have extensively focused on the impact of internet use on older adults’ health, research on the impact of TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic remains insufficient. Methods: Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020, this study explored the impact of TikTok use on older adults’ self-rated health and its underlying mechanisms through multiple regression and mediation analysis. Results: The study found that (1) TikTok use had a significant positive effect on the self-rated health of older adults; (2) while TikTok use increased the exercise frequency of older adults, exercise frequency did not affect their self-rated health; and (3) TikTok use boosted older adults’ protein intake, contributing substantially to their self-rated health, accounting for 38.7% of the total effect. Conclusions: It is advisable to actively promote the popularity of short video apps such as TikTok among older adults, as they serve as an effective tool for disseminating health information and encouraging healthier lifestyles and behaviors.
Analysis of Users’ Perception of Home Care Provided by the Family Health Strategy Team: A Quali–Quantitative Approach
Authors: Marconato José Victor , Genaro Luís Eduardo , Valsecki Junior Aylton , Lopez Rosell Fernanda
Published: November 2024

Background/Objective: Home care involves actions and services aimed at promoting health. Despite being an important strategy for humanized care, strengthening bonds, and improving access, there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding users’ perceptions of home care. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of users regarding the home care provided by the Family Health Strategy team. Methodology: A descriptive, quali–quantitative approach was used, with a sample of 60 patients who required home care. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide, and the analysis applied the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: Most participants were female (60%) and aged between 71 and 85 years (45%). The duration of home care varied, with 41.6% receiving care for 13 to 24 months. The majority of participants (61.6%) received home care weekly, while 33.4% were visited every 15 days, and 5% monthly. The most present professionals were community health agents (45%), followed by nursing assistants (18.3%), nurses (15%), and doctors (15%). Dentists and physiotherapists made fewer visits (3.3%). Regarding the care received, 36.6% valued the continuity of treatment, 31.6% were satisfied with the quality, and 25% highlighted the humanization of care. Only 6.6% desired more frequent visits. Conclusions: The analysis of perceptions revealed that participants valued the continuity of treatment and the quality of care received. Home visits were predominantly carried out by community health agents.
The Impact of Hospital Competition on the Quality of Care in Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Timofeyev Yuriy , Goldenova Viktoriya , Mantaeva Elza , Jakovljevic Mihajlo
Published: November 2024

Objectives This study analyzes the results of empirical studies on the impact of hospital competition (rivalry and market pressure) on the quality of care in European countries. Methods A systematic review has been conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewing and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, using the following online databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. The search protocol covers studies published in English between January 2015 and mid-April 2024. Results Eight out of 14 eligible studies document significant positive associations, at least in the short term, between hospital competition and the quality of care measured through objective outcome indicators. Of the other six, one study demonstrates a negative relationship in a specific context. The findings of the remaining five studies are heterogeneous and context-dependent (two out of five) or suggest no discernible association between the two examined phenomena (three out of five). The respective contexts with positive, negative, or no statistically significant associations have been identified. Conclusions The most essential impacts of competition on the quality of hospital care have been summarized, and avenues for future research and policy implications have been discussed.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of ‘Burlat’ Sweet Cherry to Pre-Harvest Foliar Application of Calcium and Seaweed Extracts
Authors: Pereira Sandra , Silva Vânia , Guedes Francisco , Raimundo Fernando , Sousa João , Silva Ana , Gonçalves Berta
Published: November 2024

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a highly valued fruit, and optimal nutrient management is crucial for enhancing yield and fruit quality. However, the over-application of chemical fertilizers in cherry cultivation leads to environmental issues such as soil degradation and nutrient runoff. To address this, foliar application, a more targeted and eco-friendly fertilization method, presents a promising alternative. This study evaluates the effects of pre-harvest foliar application of calcium (Ca) (150 and 300 g hL−1) and seaweed extracts (75 and 150 mL hL−1), both individually and in combination, on the physiological and biochemical responses of ‘Burlat’ sweet cherry trees. Key physiological parameters, including plant water status, photosynthetic performance, and leaf metabolites, were analyzed. Results show that trees treated with seaweed extracts or with combined Ca and seaweed application had improved water status, higher sugar, starch, and protein content, as well as enhanced antioxidant activity and phenolic content compared to those treated solely with calcium. However, the combined treatment did not significantly enhance overall tree performance compared to individual applications. This study highlights the potential of seaweed-based biostimulants in sustainable cherry production.
Folate Receptor Alpha—A Secret Weapon in Ovarian Cancer Treatment?
Authors: Bukowski Karol , Rogalska Aneta , Marczak Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Due to its nonspecific symptoms and unreliable screening tools, EOC is not diagnosed at an early stage in most cases. Unfortunately, despite achieving initial remission after debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, most patients experience the recurrence of the disease. The limited therapy approaches have encouraged scientists to search for new detection and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the role of folate receptor alpha (FRα) in EOC development and its potential application as a biomarker and molecular target in designing new EOC screening and treatment methods. We summarize the mechanisms of the action of various therapeutic strategies based on FRα, including MABs (monoclonal antibodies), ADCs (antibody–drug conjugates), FDCs (folate–drug conjugates), SMDCs (small molecule–drug conjugates), vaccines, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T) cells, and present the most significant clinical trials of some FRα-based drugs. Furthermore, we discuss the pros and cons of different FR-based therapies, highlighting mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) as the currently most promising EOC-targeting drug.
Bioactive Hybrids Containing Artificial Cell Membranes and Phyto-Gold–Silver Chloride Bio-Nanoparticles
Authors: Barbinta-Patrascu Marcela-Elisabeta , Nichita Cornelia , Enculescu Monica , Maraloiu Valentin-Adrian , Bacalum Mihaela , Ungureanu Camelia , Negrila Catalin Constantin , Zgura Irina
Published: November 2024

This research targets the need for eco-friendly strategies in the synthesis of bioactive materials, addressing the importance of valorization of vegetal waste. This study focuses on developing biohybrids containing biomimetic lipid vesicles and phytosynthesized gold–silver chloride nanoparticles (AuAgCl NPs) derived from Achillea millefolium L. extract. By leveraging the natural antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plant, the research proposes a sustainable approach to creating materials with potential biomedical applications. The biomimetic membranes were loaded with chlorophyll a, a natural spectral marker. Three types of bioactive materials (biohybrids) were developed by varying the lipid vesicle/AuAgCl NP ratio. Optical (UV-Vis, fluorescence emission, FTIR), structural (XRD), elemental (EDX, XPS), and morphological (TEM) studies were performed to characterize the bio-developed materials. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics of the samples were investigated by measuring the water contact angle, and their size was estimated by DLS and TEM. Zeta potential measurements were used to evaluate the physical stability of phyto-developed particles. Antioxidant properties of phyto-particles were investigated through the chemiluminescence technique. The obtained biomaterials exhibited high antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity against HT-29 and B-16 cancer cells. Therapeutic index values were calculated for each biohybrid. Additionally, the bio-prepared hybrids revealed biocidal action against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The phyto-developed biomaterials are promising in biomedical applications, particularly as adjuvants in cancer therapy.
Establishment of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Transformation System in Desert Legume Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass.
Authors: Lao Xi’an , Jin Pei , Yang Ruirui , Liang Yuqing , Zhang Daoyuan , Zeng Youling , Li Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2024

Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass. is a desert legume exhibiting extreme drought tolerance and the ability to withstand various harsh environments, making it a good candidate for investigating stress tolerance mechanisms and exploring valuable stress-resistant genes. However, the absence of a genetic transformation system for E. songoricum poses significant limitations for functionally validating these stress-resistant genes in situ. In this study, we developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system for E. songoricum utilizing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter. We investigated three types of explants (seedlings, assimilated branches and callus) and the effects of different Agrobacterium strains, seedling ages, OD600 values, acetosyringone (AS) concentrations, sucrose concentrations and infection times on the transformation efficiency. The results reveal that the optimal transformation system was infecting one-month-old regenerating assimilated branches with the Agrobacterium strain C58C1. The infection solution comprised 1/2 MS medium with 3% sucrose and 200 μM AS at an OD600 of 0.8, infection for 3 h and then followed by 2 days of dark cultivation, which achieving a maximum transformation rate of 97%. The maximum transformation rates of the seedlings and calluses were 57.17% and 39.51%, respectively. Moreover, we successfully utilized the assimilated branch transient transformation system to confirm the role of the previously reported transcription factor EsDREB2B in E. songoricum. The overexpression of EsDREB2B enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the plant’s reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity in situ. This study established the first transient transformation system for a desert legume woody plant, E. songoricum. This efficient system can be readily applied to investigate gene functions in E. songoricum. It will expedite the exploration of genetic resources and stress tolerance mechanisms in this species, offering valuable insights and serving as a reference for the transformation of other desert plants and woody legumes.
A Novel Look at Mechanisms and Applications of Xanthohumol (XN) in Dermatology and Cosmetology
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Dziedzic Marta , Algiert-Zielińska Barbara , Mucha Paulina , Rotsztejn Helena
Published: November 2024

Xanthohumol (XN), representing the group of chalcones, is a hydroxyl and superoxide free radical scavenger. It also has antimicrobial properties, showing antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. XN exerts an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase (it hinders the oxidation of l-tyrosine and l-DOPA). However, it also affects the transport of pigment (through a reduction in the number and length of dendrites) and its degradation (through damage to melanosomes). Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the different activation pathways of the premeditated response in macrophages and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Xanthohumol also improves skin elasticity by reducing the activity of elastase and MMP 1, 2 and 9, and it increases the expression of type I, III and V collagen, as well as elastin and fibrillins in skin fibroblasts. It acts against the main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of acne by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β and TNF-α). Moreover, it shows antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. aureus, as well as seboregulatory and antioxidant properties. It has also been recognized that XN intake could affect diabetic wound healing. XN shows antitumoral activity, e.g., in the case of skin melanoma, which is associated with the antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and immunostimulating effects of this compound.
Effect of Doping ZrO2 on Structural and Thermal Properties
Authors: Petriceanu Mirela , Ioniță Florentina Gabriela , Piticescu Radu Robert , Nicoară Adrian Ionuț , Matei Alexandru Cristian , Ioța Miruna Adriana , Tudor Ioan Albert , Caramarin Ștefania , Ciobota Cristina Florentina
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper was to investigate the structure and thermal properties of zirconia ceramics co-doped with rare earth (RE) elements in equimolar concentrations. We prepared (1 − x)ZrO2 − x(yLa2O3 + yNd2O3 + ySm2O3 + yGd2O3 + yYb2O3) (x = 0.2; y = 0.2) powders by a hydrothermal method in mild conditions (200 °C, 2 h, 60–100 atm.) The powder was analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDAX, BET, and FT-IR after synthesis and heat treatments at 1200 °C and 1500 °C. The samples exhibit good thermal stability, with a single cubic phase presented after heat treatment at 1500 °C. The compound exhibits a low thermal conductivity (0.61 W·m−1·K−1), a low heat capacity (0.42 J·g−1K−1), and a low thermal diffusivity (0.34 mm2·s−1). The values are lower than reported for conventional RE-doped zirconia.
“Floating Island Flap”—A New Technique for the Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Lower Eyelid Defects with Spontaneous Healing (Folded V-Y Island Flap with Orbicularis Oculi Muscle)
Authors: Bieniek Andrzej , Chlebicka Iwona , Kliniec Katarzyna , Szepietowski Jacek C.
Published: November 2024

Background: Due to the high incidence of malignant tumors of the lower eyelids and the widespread use of surgery for their treatment, the reconstruction of tissues in this area is a frequent task for surgeons. Methods for restoring full-thickness lower eyelid defects are often invasive, pose a significant risk of complications, and do not provide optimal results. Methods: The authors developed a simple technique for the reconstruction of full-wall defects of the lower eyelids. It is a V-Y-type musculocutaneous island flap from the lower eyelid, with the orbicularis oculi muscle folded in the upper part and partially left for spontaneous healing, called by the authors a “floating island flap”. Between 2012 and 2023, 39 patients were operated on using this method. Results: Surgical procedures performed under local anesthesia were well tolerated by the patients. The healing process was quick and well accepted. Complications were rare. The most common were: eye irritation and temporary swelling of the flap. In 37 patients, proper protection of the eyeball and good esthetic results were achieved; only in two cases was the cosmetic result assessed as poor. Corneal defects occurred in two cases and healed after conservative treatment. In no cases was reoperation necessary. Conclusions: The developed method is simple and effective. It can be widely used in the reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the lower eyelids.
Relationship Between Occupational Exposure to Noise and Vibrations and Vertigo: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Sánchez-Sellero Inés , Soto-Varela Andrés
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: It is known that balance disorders involve occupational hazards. However, the inverse relationship (between certain occupations and an increased incidence of vertigo or dizziness) has been scarcely studied. The objective of this work was to analyze the occupation of a group of patients with vertigo compared to the economically active general population and to evaluate the prevalence of occupational noise and/or vibration exposure in both groups. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional, observational, case-control study was carried out, including 393 patients (193: Meniere’s disease; 63: vestibular migraine; 21: vestibular neuritis; 116: BPPV) (244 women and 149 men). These patients were compared to a control group from the general population obtained from 6th EWCS-Spain (2015). Possible differences regarding sex, age, occupation, exposure to noise, and exposure to mechanical vibrations were analyzed. Results: Differences in the distribution of occupations between patients with vertigo and the general population were observed (Chi-square, p = 4.065 × e−20). Patients with vertigo were significantly more exposed to noise (Fisher’s exact test, p = 2.97 × e−10; OR = 2.595, CI95% (1.916;3.515)) and vibrations (Fisher’s exact test, p = 6.23 × e−10; OR = 2.722, CI95% (1.963;3.775)) than the control group. These differences were observed both between men and women. Conclusions: A relationship between occupational exposure to noise and/or vibrations and the presence of vertigo was observed. Protective and preventive measures could help prevent the occurrence of some diseases involving vertigo.
Approaches to Pediatric Chest Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Fogliazza Federica , Cifaldi Marina , Antoniol Giulia , Canducci Nicolò , Esposito Susanna
Published: November 2024

Chest pain in children and adolescents is a common reason for emergency department visits and referrals to pediatric cardiologists, often driven by parental concern about potential cardiac causes. However, the vast majority of pediatric chest pain cases are benign and non-cardiac in origin. This narrative review examines the etiology, evaluation, and management of pediatric chest pain, emphasizing the importance of a thorough clinical history and physical examination in distinguishing between benign and serious conditions. This review also explores the role of diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms, chest radiography, and echocardiography, highlighting the need to balance the avoidance of unnecessary tests with the imperative to rule out life-threatening cardiac conditions. Despite the low prevalence of cardiac causes, the variability in diagnostic approaches underscores the need for standardized evaluation algorithms. These could streamline care, reduce unnecessary resource utilization, and minimize anxiety for both patients and their families. Future studies should focus on assessing the effectiveness of such algorithms in improving clinical outcomes and resource management. The findings underscore the importance of a careful, evidence-based approach to the management of pediatric chest pain.
Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Patients and Their Association with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Anton Gabriel-Ioan , Gheorghe Liliana , Radu Viorel-Dragos , Scripcariu Ioana-Sadiye , Vasilache Ingrid-Andrada , Carauleanu Alexandru , Condriuc Iustina-Solomon , Socolov Razvan , Onofrei Pavel , Pruteanu Andreea-Ioana , Ursu Ramona-Gabriela , Gisca Tudor , Socolov Demetra
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (MDR UTIs) constitute an important public health problem, especially in pregnant patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the bacterial spectrum and the profile of microbial resistance in cases of UTIs occurring in pregnant women, as well as their impact on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 371 pregnant patients with UTIs were included in the analysis and were segregated into the following groups based on the type of bacterial resistance to antibiotics: MDR UTIs (70 patients, group 1), UTIs resistant to one class of antibiotics (108 patients, group 2), UTIs resistant to two classes of antibiotics (102 patients, group 3), and sensitive UTIs (91 patients, group 4). We used descriptive statistics for characterizing and comparing the microbial spectrum and the clinical characteristics of the patients. A multinomial logistic regression model for evaluating the relationship between the type of urinary tract infection and adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes was employed. Results: In the case of MDR UTIs, the bacterial spectrum mainly included Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella species. We found almost universal resistance to ampicillin. Our data confirmed an increased risk of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal intensive care unit admission for patients with MDR infections. Conclusions: The increased incidence of pathogens resistant to commonly used antibiotic classes in pregnancy suggests the need for the development of local and national protocols that adapt therapeutic and prophylactic regimens to clinical realities.
Hwa-Byung (Anger Syndrome) in the MZ Generation of Republic of Korea: A Survey
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young , Kim Ju Yeob , Park So Yeong
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Hwa-byung (HB), traditionally observed in middle-aged Korean women, was investigated among the MZ generation in Republic of Korea to investigate its prevalence, associated factors, and perceptions. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 449 Korean adults in the Republic of Korea born between 1980 and 2005. The participants completed questionnaires that assessed HB symptoms, emotional labor, psychological distress, and HB perceptions. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and bivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of HB in the MZ generation was 36.3%. Significant HB predictors included female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.314), poor subjective health (OR = 3.207), higher HB trait scores (OR = 1.155), depression (OR = 1.145), and state anger (OR = 1.087). Only 44.54% of the participants were aware that HB is a diagnosed mental disorder and 34.97% knew that it could be treated at traditional Korean medicine (TKM) clinics. Despite the limited awareness, 49% expressed interest in TKM treatment for HB, in which acupuncture, herbal medicine, and mind–body medicine are the preferred modalities. Conclusions: This study revealed a high HB prevalence among the MZ generation in the Republic of Korea, which challenges traditional perceptions of this syndrome. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate HB conceptualization and treatment approaches for younger generations. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, qualitative investigations of the evolving HB cultural context, and the development of targeted awareness and intervention programs to address this significant mental health issue in contemporary Korean society.
Innovations and Challenges in Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells: A Mini Review of Advancements Toward Sustainable Energy Solutions
Authors: Tan Xiangzhi , Li Yuanzhe
Published: November 2024

Amid the shift away from fossil fuels, third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become pivotal due to their high efficiency and low production costs. This review concentrates on semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs), highlighting their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT). We address strategies to optimize ST-PSC performance, tackling inherent challenges, such as optical losses from reflection, parasitic absorption, and thermalization loss, which impact the operational efficiency under variable environmental conditions. ST-PSCs are distinguished by their lightweight, flexible, and translucent properties, allowing for diverse applications in urban building integration, agricultural greenhouses, and wearable technology. These cells integrate seamlessly into various settings, enhancing energy harnessing without compromising on aesthetic or structural elements. However, the scalability of ST-PSCs involves challenges related to stability and efficiency in large-scale deployments. The tropical urban landscape of Singapore provides a unique case study for ST-PSC application, blending architectural aesthetics with high solar irradiance to optimize energy efficiency. While the potential for ST-PSCs to contribute to sustainable urban development is immense, significant technological hurdles must be overcome to realize their full potential. Continued advancements in material science and engineering are essential to address these challenges, ensuring the scalability and long-term deployment of ST-PSCs in global energy solutions.