bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Práticas educativas parentais e comportamentos de saúde e risco na adolescência: Um modelo preditivo
Authors: Guisantes De Salvo Toni Caroline , Ferreira de Matos Silvares Edwiges
Published: November 2013

As práticas educativas parentais são altamente relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos socialmente competentes, problemas de comportamento e comportamentos relacionados à saúde na adolescência, porém a literatura ainda diverge a respeito da influência direta ou indireta dessas variáveis. Diante disso, o objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi o de testar a influência direta das práticas educativas maternas e paternas sobre os comportamentos de proteção e risco à saúde na adolescência, bem como as variáveis de competência social e problemas de comportamento. Para atingir tais objetivos, participaram deste estudo 112 adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos, de ambos os sexos. Todos responderam ao Inventário de Estilos Parentais materno e paterno, Inventário de autorrelato para jovens (YSR) e questionário de estilo de vida (HBSC). Os dados foram analisados através de inferência estatística e análises multivariadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as práticas parentais são preditoras de competência social, internalização, externalização e problemas de comportamento, além de comportamentos de risco e proteção à saúde. Em face desses resultados, a pesquisa indica que a influência parental na fase inicial da adolescência ocorre de forma direta, sendo as práticas parentais determinantes de comportamento de saúde e risco.
A SAÚDE MENTAL NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ESTAGIÁRIOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Coelho Freitas Bruna Maria , Martins Kebbe Leonardo
Published: November 2013

Este artigo objetiva apresentar a percepção de estudantes de diferentes cursos de graduação diante da atuação como estagiários no campo da saúde mental. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica indexada, com a seleção de 11 artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais. Por meio de análise de conteúdo temática, houve a identificação de três categorias analíticas: 1. Sentimentos suscitados durante as práticas de estágio; 2. Preconceito para com o portador de transtorno mental; 3. Enfrentamento e superação das dificuldades advindas da prática. Os resultados encontrados apontaram as dificuldades dos estagiários, como sentimentos de medo e insegurança ante a perspectiva e durante a atuação obrigatória em saúde mental, sendo essas dificuldades decorrentes de uma construção histórica que envolve diferentes formas de se conceber e lidar com a “loucura”. Os resultados sugerem que a inserção dos estagiários nas práticas de estágios os auxilia a desconstruir concepções equivocadas acerca da pessoa com transtorno mental, o que lhes favorece a aprendizagem.
Avaliação de mudança em mulheres vítimas de violência
Authors: Tavares Guzzon Juliana , Medici Pizão Yoshida Elisa
Published: November 2013

Mulheres vítimas de violência são assistidas por diferentes instituições, entretanto a qualidade das mudanças que apresentam geralmente é desconhecida. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar mudanças em aspectos psicológicos de mulheres vítimas de violência em fase final de atendimento quando comparadas com mulheres em início de atendimento, em uma organização não governamental. Compuseram a amostra um grupo pré-assistência (Gr. 1), com nove mulheres, M = 36,7, d.p. = 8,68 anos, e um grupo pós-assistência (Gr. 2), com nove mulheres, com idade M = 41, d.p. = 11,28 anos. Foram avaliadas com a Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas (EAS-40), Escala de Estágio de Mudança (EEM) e Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada Redefinida (EDAO-R). Os resultados apontaram melhora na eficácia da adaptação e nos sintomas psicopatológicos, que se mantiveram severos. Não houve alterações nos estágios de mudança. Sugerem-se adequação dos atendimentos às necessidades psicológicas das mulheres e realização de pesquisas sistemáticas de acompanhamento dos resultados.
Repercussões da violência intrafamiliar: Um estudo com mulheres em acompanhamento psicológico
Authors: Schneider Hermel Júlia , Balestrin Redivo Drehmer Luciana
Published: November 2013

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o significado e as repercussões da experiência de violência de mulheres que tiveram acompanhamento psicológico em duas unidades de saúde do município de Porto Alegre (RS). O método teve delineamento qualitativo, exploratório e retrospectivo por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos. Participaram do estudo quatro mulheres submetidas à técnica de psicoterapia de apoio pela Psicologia do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados em relatos de casos, genogramas e prontuário da família. Os resultados mostram que a demanda da violência não foi o motivo principal da busca por atendimento psicológico. As situações de violência foram reveladas ao longo do tratamento, sendo todas do tipo intrafamiliar com início na infância. Observou-se a ausência de um significado subjetivo da experiência de violência e a horizontalidade da violência na vida. A principal repercussão subjetiva percebida nas mulheres estudadas é a perpetuação da violência nas relações atuais.
Medicare-Covered Services Near the End of Life in Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare
Authors: Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Fischer Stacy M. , Arbaje Alicia I. , Perraillon Marcelo Coca , Jones Christine D. , Polsky Daniel
Published: July 2024

Importance

Financial incentives in Medicare Advantage (MA), the managed care alternative to traditional Medicare (TM), were designed to reduce overutilization. For patients near the end of life (EOL), MA incentives may reduce potentially burdensome care and encourage hospice but could also restrict access to costly but necessary services.

Objective

To compare receipt of potentially burdensome treatments and transfers and potentially necessary postacute services in the last 6 months of life in individuals with MA vs TM.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective analysis of Medicare claims data among older Medicare beneficiaries who died between 2016 and 2018. The study included Medicare decedents aged 66 years or older covered by TM (n = 659 135) or MA (n = 360 430). All decedents and the subset of decedents with 1 or more emergent hospitalizations with a life-limiting condition (cancer, dementia, end-stage organ failure) that would likely qualify for hospice care were included.

Exposure

MA enrollment.

Main Outcomes

Receipt of potentially burdensome hospitalizations and treatments; receipt of postdischarge home and facility care.

Results

The study included 659 135 TM enrollees (mean [SD] age at death, 83.3 [9.0] years, 54% female, 15.1% non-White, 55% with 1 or more life-limiting condition) and 360 430 MA enrollees (mean [SD] age at death 82.5 [8.7] years, 53% female, 19.3% non-White, 49% with 1 or more life-limiting condition). After regression adjustment, MA enrollees were less likely to receive potentially burdensome treatments (−1.6 percentage points (pp); 95% CI, −2.1 to −1.1) and less likely to die in a hospital (−3.3 pp; 95% CI, −4.0 to −2.7) compared with TM. However, when hospitalized, MA enrollees were more likely to die in the hospital (adjusted difference, 1.3 pp; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5) and less likely to be transferred to rehabilitative or skilled nursing facilities (−5.2 pp; 95% CI, −5.7 to −4.6). Higher rates of home health and home hospice among those discharged home offset half of the decline in facility use. Results were unchanged in the life-limiting conditions sample.

Conclusions

MA enrollment was associated with lower rates of potentially burdensome and facility-based care near the EOL. Greater use of home-based care may improve quality of care but may also leave patients without adequate assistance after hospitalization.
Use of Track One Prioritized Examination for Pharmaceutical Patents
Authors: Tu S. Sean , Feldman William B.
Published: July 2024

This study examines the use of the Track One prioritized patent examination program by pharmaceutical manufacturers from 2011 to 2022.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Pyrolysis Mechanism of Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Resin‐Containing Phenylboronic Acid
Authors: Aras Sefa , Cavusoglu Ferda Civan , Unlu Derya
Published: July 2024

In the present study, a resin is synthesized from resorcinol and formaldehyde in the presence of phenylboronic acid. Properties of resins such as free formaldehyde content, total solid content, density, gelation time, viscosity are determined. The chemical structure of the resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin and the resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin containing phenylboronic acid is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability and curing behaviors of the polymers are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Modification of the resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin with a boron source, phenylboronic acid results in a certain increase in thermal stability with a higher residual weight. The 6% PBA loaded polymer has the highest thermal efficiency, so the thermal behavior of it is investigated by curing at different temperatures. The 80 °C/4 h curing method is the most reasonable for energy savings. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, a 6 wt% PBA loading ratio was determined as the optimum value according to the energy requirements.
Auxetic Liquid Crystal Vitrimers with Adjustable Poisson's Ratios Enabled by Topological Rearrangements of Polymer Network
Authors: Zheng Zhiran , Ma Weixin , Li Jiawei , Ma Yaning , Hu Jun , Li Min‐Hui
Published: July 2024

Metamaterials feature extraordinary physical properties that break the cognitive limitations of human beings on traditional materials. Auxetic materials and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are representative of typical mechanical and thermal metamaterials. Their combination may introduce some unconventional and counterintuitive performances. Nevertheless, studies on LCEs with negative Poisson's ratio (v) are still rare. Herein, a liquid crystal vitrimer (Poly‐LCE) is developed that is a polydomain main‐chain LCE containing dynamic ester bonds. Its orientation process to monodomain (Mono‐LCE) is greatly simplified by transesterification reaction‐induced topological network rearrangement under mechanical alignment. By optimizing geometric parameters of re‐entrant (R) structures and orientation of liquid crystal units, all samples of R‐Poly‐LCE, R‐Mono‐LCE (//), and R‐Mono‐LCE (⊥) show negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) below 2% elongation (v = −0.22–0 for R‐Poly‐LCE, v = −0.12–0 for R‐Mono‐LCE (//) and v = −0.16–0 for R‐Mono‐LCE (⊥)). Interestingly, R‐Poly‐LCE presents v > 0 within 2%–10% axial elongation, while R‐Mono‐LCE (//) and R‐Mono‐LCE (⊥) exhibit v ≈ 0 under the same elongation. Materials with negative and zero Poisson's ratios are interesting in niche applications. This work develops a simple method to prepare these materials by liquid crystal vitrimers.
Synergistic Interactions Between Co Nanoparticles and Unsaturated Co‐N2 Sites for Efficient Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Jialiang , Zhang Shilin , Sun Yuanyuan , Kong Weiling , Geng Lina , Li Yan , Dai Liming , Li Zhongtao , Wu Mingbo
Published: July 2024

Transition metal‐nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) single‐atom catalysts exhibit high activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Their electronic structure, crucial for ORR intermediates' adsorption/desorption, can be tuned by altering the coordination environment or integrating small metal nanoparticles. However, synthesizing unsaturated M‐NX (x <4) complexes with well‐dispersed nanoparticles is challenging due to reactivity and aggregation issues. In this study, a novel plasma‐assisted in situ thermal reduction strategy is presented to eliminate unstable surface groups for incorporating highly active Co nanoparticles (NPs) and unsaturated coordinated Co‐N2 sites. The unsaturated coordination structure of Co‐N2 regulates the electron cloud density around the Co center, decreasing the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step of 4e− ORR process; while the Co NPs can accelerate the mass transfer during ORR through enhancing O2 adsorption to promote the desorption of *OH and also facilitate the charge transfer. Thus, the remarkable ORR electrocatalytic activity and durability is achieved simultaneously, leading to excellent performance in an aqueous Zn–air battery. The work opens new directions and possibilities for the design and synthesis of efficient and highly selective electrocatalysts for ORR and other redox reactions.
Biomimetic Porous Ti6Al4V Implants: A Novel Interbody Fusion Cage via Gel‐Casting Technique to Promote Spine Fusion
Authors: Dou Xinyu , Liu Xiao , Liu Yu , Wang Linbang , Jia Fei , Shen Fei , Ma Yunlong , Liang Chen , Jin Gong , Wang Meina , Liu Zhongjun , Zhu Bin , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

An interbody fusion cage (Cage) is crucial in spinal decompression and fusion procedures for restoring normal vertebral curvature and rebuilding spinal stability. Currently, these Cages suffer from issues related to mismatched elastic modulus and insufficient bone integration capability. Therefore, a gel‐casting technique is utilized to fabricate a biomimetic porous titanium alloy material from Ti6Al4V powder. The biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V is compared with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 3D‐printed Ti6Al4V materials and their respective Cages. Systematic validation is performed through mechanical testing, in vitro cell, in vivo rabbit bone defect implantation, and ovine anterior cervical discectomy and fusion experiments to evaluate the mechanical and biological performance of the materials. Although all three materials demonstrate good biocompatibility and osseointegration properties, the biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V, with its excellent mechanical properties and a structure closely resembling bone trabecular tissue, exhibited superior bone ingrowth and osseointegration performance. Compared to the PEEK and 3D‐printed Ti6Al4V Cages, the biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V Cage outperforms in terms of intervertebral fusion performance, achieving excellent intervertebral fusion without the need for bone grafting, thereby enhancing cervical vertebra stability. This biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V Cage offers cost‐effectiveness, presenting significant potential for clinical applications in spinal surgery.
Inkjet‐Printed 3D Electrode Arrays for Recording Signals from Cortical Organoids
Authors: Kopic Inola , Dedousi Panagiota , Schmidt Sebastian , Peng Hu , Berezin Oleksandr , Weiße Annika , George Richard M. , Mayr Christian , Westmeyer Gil G. , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Monitoring electrical activity across multiple planes in 3D cell cultures and organoids is imperative to comprehensively understand their functional connections and behavior. However, traditional planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are intended for surface recordings and are inadequate in addressing this aspect. The limitations, such as longer production times and limited adaptability imposed by standard clean‐room techniques, constrain the design possibilities for 3D electrode arrays and potentially hinder effective cell‐electrode coupling. To tackle this challenge, a novel approach is presented that leverages rapid prototyping processes and additive manufacturing in combination with wet etching and electrodeposition to enhance electrode fabrication and performance. The laser‐patterned MEAs on glass, polyimide (PI) foil, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil substrates incorporate high‐aspect ratio (up to 44:1) ink‐jet printed 3D electrode structures with heights up to 1 mm at a pitch of 200 µm, enabling precise recording within cell tissues. The specific shapes of the electrode tips and customizable 3D structures provide great flexibility in electrode placement. The versatility of the 3D MEAs is demonstrated by recording the electrophysiological activity of cortical organoids in situ, paving the way for investigating neural activity under regular or various pathologically altered conditions in vitro in a high throughput manner.
Pyrene‐Based Emitter with a Small Energy Gap Between High‐Energy Triplet and Singlet State for High‐Performance Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Lei , Yu Yue , Li Mingke , Li Yulong , Tan Wenle , Wang Bohan , Yang Dezhi , Hu Dehua , Ying Lei , Ma Yuguang
Published: July 2024

Reasonable energy level alignment of molecules is conducive to constructing high‐performance blue emitter. Pyrene is a common building unit in blue emitters with a big energy gap between S1 and T1 (ΔES1‐T1) and small ΔES1‐Tn (n = 2‐3). By introducing donor and acceptor groups in pyrene, the high‐lying triplet excitons are utilized through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channel in obtained blue “hot exciton” emitter CPPCN. Herein, through changing the donor linking type to ortho‐substituted, the obtained derivatives o‐CPPCN exhibited deeper blue emission (λmax = 448 nm) and a higher krisc (3.1×108 s−1). The non‐doped device based on o‐CPPCN demonstrates a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 10.3% with a CIEy of 0.11, along with an exciton utilization of 55%. Photophysical measurements indicate the performance difference between the CPPCN and o‐CPPCN originates from the energy level alignment difference. Compared with CPPCN (0.26 eV), the ΔES1‐T2 of o‐CPPCN has been reduced to 0.10 eV, proving the smaller gap between T2 and S1 state can promote the RISC process. Hence, o‐CPPCN can be employed as the host to prepare “hot exciton” sensitized blue OLED due to its wide band gap and high krisc. The corresponding EQEmax of the doped device can be further improved to 11.8%.
Metal‐Free Photocyclization/Oxidation Cascade Constructing Quinoline‐2‐ones and Tetrahydrocarbazolones
Authors: Hao Yanke , Huang He
Published: July 2024

We reported a one‐pot photocyclization/ oxidation cascade of N‐aryl acrylamides to afford quinoline‐2‐ones. Thioxanthone was used as a bifunctional energy transfer agent to mediate both photocyclization and generation of singlet oxygen, the latter facilitates the dehydrogenation of dihydroquinoline‐2‐one intermediate. This cascade strategy also supports the 5‐endo‐trig cyclization to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazolones from phenylamino cyclohexenones.
Dearomative 1,2‐(Deutero)Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Chromium‐Bound Arenes
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Jie , Jiang Xu , Qiu Jia‐Yi , Wang Ming‐Yang , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

Dearomative trifluoromethylation of arenes provides an ideal method for constructing CF3‐containing three‐dimensional architectures which are of increasing interest in drug discovery. However, such transformation is rare and challenging because of the inherently low reactivity of arene π‐systems and selectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a general dearomative 1,2‐hydrotrifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes utilizing activation by temporary π‐complexation to chromium, thus affording convenient access to 1,3‐cyclohexadienes bearing the privileged CF3 group. The versatility of this strategy further enables a dearomative 1,2‐deuterotrifluoromethylation with high deuterated ratios. The related dearomative 1,2‐(deutero)hydroperfluoroethylation reactions were conducted well for a range of chromium‐bound (hetero)arenes. Finally, a reasonable mechanism was proposed based on the intermediate capture and control experiments.
Exploration on Wave‐Structure Interaction Laws and Output Performance of Coaxial Hybrid Energy Harvester Based on a Large‐Scale Wave‐Current Flume
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Guo Haowei , Liu Guanlin , Garg Ankit , Wen Honggui , Xie Canrong , Li Bo , Mei Guoxiong , Huang Bingyun , Wan Lingyu
Published: July 2024

In order to address the challenge of the wide application of hybrid energy harvesters based on triboelectric‐electromagnetic effect in actual ocean environments, it is crucial to execute hydrodynamic tests conformed to the actual ocean environments and conduct field tests. Here, a coaxial hybrid energy harvester (CH‐EH) is prepared, and its hydrodynamic behaviors are investigated systematically through a large‐scale wave‐current flume. The verification test of the CH‐EH output performance is carried out offshore at the port of SanDun, Qinzhou. The results show: 1) The CH‐EH can achieve high output (U > 380 V, I > 2.4 mA) under small regular wave excitation (H > 0.15 m), and it maintains high output (U > 220 V, I > 1.8 mA) over a wide range of regular wave frequencies (0.6 Hz < f < 1.1 Hz). 2) The output performance of the CH‐EH under irregular wave excitation is lower than that under regular wave excitation. The variation trend of the CH‐EH output performance obtained in actual ocean tests is similar to that obtained in the laboratory, but slightly lower than that obtained in the laboratory. 3) The output performance of the CH‐EH is positively correlated with its draft depth, and the ocean current inhibits its output performance.
Ionogels with Carbon and Organic Polymer Matrices for Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Ratajczak Paula , Béguin François
Published: July 2024

Ionogels (IGs) consisting of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in carbon and organic polymer matrices have recently emerged as promising materials for electrochemical systems. This perspective article explores how the structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of ILs are modified by their confinement. It emphasizes the importance of combining various ILs and matrices to enhance IG properties through IL‐matrix interactions. Specifically, it highlights the significant downshift of IL melting point observed in certain porous carbons, as well as the enhanced ionic conductivity at sub‐ambient temperature in polymer networks. Accordingly, the suitability of these IGs for use in electrochemical systems operating at low temperature is discussed. Although significant progress has been made in the development and applications of carbon and polymer IGs, it is necessary to further explore the texture/structure of real host matrices, which may differ from model ones. Investigating the low‐temperature mobility of ions in IG‐based electrodes with micro/mesoporous carbons is an example of unexplored research area that may open new opportunities for increasing the energy and power density in energy storage applications. The suggested directions should facilitate innovative solutions to current and future challenges for electrochemical systems across a wide temperature range from −40 to 200 °C.
Recent Advances in Functionalized Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbons and their Composites for Hybrid Ion Capacitors
Authors: George Nithya S. , Singh Gurwinder , Bahadur Rohan , Kumar Prashant , Ramadass Kavitha , Sathish CI , Benzigar Mercy , Sajan Davidson , Aravind Arun , Vinu Ajayan
Published: July 2024

Hybrid ion capacitors (HICs) have aroused extreme interest due to their combined characteristics of energy and power densities. The performance of HICs lies hidden in the electrode materials used for the construction of battery and supercapacitor components. The hunt is always on to locate the best material in terms of cost‐effectiveness and overall optimized performance characteristics. Functionalized biomass‐derived porous carbons (FBPCs) possess exquisite features including easy synthesis, wide availability, high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore size, surface functional groups, a wide range of morphologies, and high thermal and chemical stability. FBPCs have found immense use as cathode, anode and dual electrode materials for HICs in the recent literature. The current review is designed around two main concepts which include the synthesis and properties of FBPCs followed by their utilization in various types of HICs. Among monovalent HICs, lithium, sodium, and potassium, are given comprehensive attention, whereas zinc is the only multivalent HIC that is focused upon due to corresponding literature availability. Special attention is also provided to the critical factors that govern the performance of HICs. The review concludes by providing feasible directions for future research in various aspects of FBPCs and their utilization in HICs.
Angular Dependence of Hump‐Shape Hall Effects for Distinguishing between Karplus–Luttinger and Geometrical Origins
Authors: Lim Zhi Shiuh , Chow Lin Er , Khoo Khoong Hong , Omar Ganesh Ji , Luo Zhaoyang , Zhang Zhaoting , Yan Hong , Yang Ping , Laskowski Robert , Ariando A.
Published: July 2024

Among the vast magnetic heterostructures explored in Condensed Matter Physics, two contrasting interpretations of the hump‐shaped Hall Effects remain ambiguous and debated, namely, the overlap of two opposite‐signed Karplus–Luttinger Hall loops associated with inhomogeneous collinear domains with perpendicular anisotropy, or the Geometrical/Topological Hall Effect emanated from hexagonal close‐packed lattice of Skyrmion ground state with smoothly varying non‐collinear moments. Their similarity in topology implies difficulty in discrimination via magnetic imaging. Here, this ambiguity is overcome and clarified by the divergence exponent of hump peak fields extracted from Hall measurements with magnetic field rotation on several heterostructures. Their difference in sensitivity to in‐plane fields reveals that the former mechanism involves higher uniaxial anisotropy than the latter, departing from the Skyrmion ground state regime by the Ginzburg–Landau framework of triple‐q spin‐wave superposition. Numerous material systems can be summarized into a single curve of divergence exponent versus the collinear quality factor, bridging the crossover of the two mentioned mechanisms.
Impact of Gate Voltage on Mobility of Charge Carriers in Conductive Channel of Organic Molecular Semiconductors: Transport Landscape Assessed by Alternating and Direct Current Mode Techniques
Authors: Choi Wookjin , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu
Published: July 2024

The gate voltage dependence of the charge carrier mobility is investigated by the microwave resonance technique in transport channels at various organic semiconductors‐insulator interfaces. Although the microwave based measurement is free from the Schottky‐barrier, the vertical charge transport, and the minority carrier trapping, which have been regarded as the origin of the nonlinearity in field effect transistor (FET) measurements, the obtained charge carrier mobility is impacted significantly by the applied gate bias. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) measurements revealed that the observed nonlinearity indeed originates from the surface disorder in even polycrystalline materials including conjugated polymers. The concerted assessment of the microwave resonance and the FET measurements reveals that 1) injected carriers below the threshold voltage are not trapped despite of the absence of the drain current, 2) the only charge carrier mobility at the 1st layer is assessed by FET measurements, and 3) the threshold voltage of conjugated polymers is relatively low due to the intra‐domain connection through tie molecules.
Multiphase Coherent Nanointerface Network Enhances Thermoelectric Performance for Efficient Energy Conversion and Contactless Thermosensation Applications in GeTe
Authors: Zhu Jianglong , Tan Xiaobo , Hong Min , Wei Yanxing , Ma Huangshui , Feng Fan , Luo Yuange , Wu Hao , Sun Qiang , Ang Ran
Published: July 2024

Counter doping is a prevalent strategy to optimize the excessively high carrier concentration in GeTe, while it may impair carrier transport and reduce mobility, thereby limiting the potential to improve ZT. Herein, a novel approach to overcome this challenge is proposed. A multiphase coherent nanointerface network, formed between pseudo‐cubic GeTe, Cu2Te, and PbTe phases, with effective Cu ions delocalization, has been realized in Cu2Te alloyed Ge0.84Cd0.06Pb0.10Te. This design selectively modulates both charge carrier and phonon transport, resulting in increased mobility and optimized carrier concentration that contribute to enhanced power factor, with an ultra‐low lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.33 W m−1 K−1 at 653 K. Consequently, the peak ZT of ≈2.22 at 803 K and average ZT of ≈1.40 from 303 to 803 K is achieved in (Ge0.84Cd0.06Pb0.10Te)0.99(Cu2Te)0.01. Furthermore, the novel structural modulation results in robust mechanical properties. Utilizing these optimized materials, achieving a high power density of ≈1.47 W cm−2 at a temperature difference of 400 K in the fabricated 7‐pair thermoelectric module. Moreover, a thermoelectric energy harvesting array device is assembled, exhibiting potential for applications in non‐radiative energy harvesting from lasers and touchless thermosensation, further advancing the applications of thermoelectric materials and devices.
Time‐integrated species flux analysis: A novel method for kinetic reduction and pathway analysis in pyrolysis process
Authors: Shen Yudong , Mao Yaoliang , Hong Xiaodong , Yang Yao , Ren Yu , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Kay Lup Andrew Ng , Liao Zuwei
Published: July 2024

A time‐integrated species flux analysis (TSFA) method for the systematic reduction of large detailed kinetics in the pyrolysis process is proposed. The obtained reaction paths are based on the species flux throughout temporal evolutions rather than at transitory moments. This allows considering species flux at different reaction moments. The proposed strategy is verified by experiments and numerical simulation of the cracking process of n‐hexane and n‐butanol. The kinetics of n‐hexane cracking was reduced from the original 328 species to 94 species, while the resulting product yield difference is less than 1.5%. In addition, a global reaction pathway of n‐butanol pyrolysis was discovered. Compared with literature reports, we found that hydroxyl radicals also played an important role in n‐butanol pyrolysis. The proposed framework provides a new strategy for simplifying large‐scale reaction kinetics and conducting global reaction pathway analysis in the pyrolysis process.
Liquid–liquid flow characteristics and mass transfer enhancement in a Taylor–Couette microreactor
Authors: Zeng Zishan , Wang Zhenlun , Su Yuanhai , Yao Chaoqun , Chen Guangwen
Published: July 2024

The liquid–liquid immiscible flow and mass transfer were investigated in a novel Taylor–Couette microreactor (TCMR). Due to the rotation shear and microscale effects, each phase flowed in the form of helical strips/bands, instead of dispersion droplets as in conventional equipment. Based on the movement and inclination of the bands, the helical vortex (HV), mixed helical vortex (MHV) and stationary helical vortex (SHV) were distinguished. The characteristics of the regimes were strongly influenced by rotation speed and flow rate, but the specific surface area only slightly varied. The flow regimes also influenced the two phase mass transfer. It was shown that the mass transfer coefficient kLa monotonically increased with the rotation speed in the HV regime, while it slightly decreased when the flow shifted into the MHV/SHV regime. According to the parametric studies, empirical correlations were developed for the flow regime transition and mass transfer prediction.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis: Diagnostic and Immunopathologic Insights
Authors: Mangioris Georgios , Pittock Sean J. , Yang Binxia , Fryer James P. , Harmsen William S. , Dubey Divyanshu , Flanagan Eoin P. , Lopez‐Chiriboga Sebastian A. , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Vodopivec Ivana , Tobin W. Oliver , Toledano Michel , Aksamit Allen J. , Zekeridou Anastasia
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine/chemokine profile of central nervous system (CNS) neurosarcoidosis (NS), and its utility in differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication.

Methods

In this case–control study, we validated 17 cytokines/chemokines (interleukin [IL]‐1‐beta, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, IL‐17A, BAFF, IL‐8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐alpha) in a multiplexed automated immunoassay system (ELLA; Bio‐Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and assessed them in CSF and serum of symptomatic patients with probable or definite CNS NS (01/2011–02/2023) with gadolinium enhancement and/or CSF pleocytosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis, primary CNS lymphoma, aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G positivity, non‐inflammatory disorders, and healthy individuals were used as controls.

Results

A total of 32 NS patients (59% women; median age, 59 years [19–81]) were included; concurrent sera were available in 12. CSF controls consisted of 26 multiple sclerosis, 8 primary CNS lymphoma, 84 aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G positive, and 34 patients with non‐inflammatory disorders. Gadolinium enhancement was present in 31 of 32 NS patients, and CSF pleocytosis in 27 of 32 (84%). CSF IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, BAFF, IL‐8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and TNF‐alpha levels were significantly higher in NS patients compared with non‐inflammatory controls (p ≤ 0.02); elevations were more common in CSF than serum. Concurrent elevation of IL‐6, CXCL9, CXCL10, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and TNF‐alpha was present in 18 of 32 NS patients, but only in 1 control. Elevated IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, CXCL9, CXL10, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐alpha associated with measures of disease activity.

Interpretation

NS CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles suggest T cell (mainly T helper cell type 1), macrophage, and B‐cell involvement. These signatures aid in NS diagnosis, indicate disease activity, and suggest therapeutic avenues. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:704–714
Synergistic Active Heterostructure Design for Enhanced Two Electron Oxygen Reduction via Chemical and Electrochemical Reconstruction of Heterosulfides
Authors: Yu Kai , Yang Hongyuan , Xu Jie , Yuan Weijie , Yang Ruotao , Hou Meiling , Kang Zhenhui , Liu Yang , Menezes Prashanth W. , Chen Ziliang
Published: July 2024

Transition metal sulfides, particularly heterostructures, represent a promising class of electrocatalysts for two electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR), however, understanding the dynamic structural evolution of these catalysts during alkaline ORR remains relatively unexplored. Herein, NiS2/In2.77S4 heterostructure was synthesized as a precatalyst and through a series of comprehensive ex situ and in situ characterizations, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transient photo‐induced voltage measurements, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscopy, it was revealed that nickel/indium (oxy)hydroxides (NiOOH/In(OH)3) could be evolved from the initial NiS2/In2.77S4 via both electrochemical and chemical‐driven methods. The electrochemical‐driven phase featured abundant bridging oxygen‐deficient [NiO6]‐[InO6] units at the interfaces of NiOOH/In(OH)3, facilitating a synergistic effect between active Ni and In sites, thus enabling an enhanced alkaline 2e− ORR capability than that of chemical‐driven process. Remarkably, electrochemically induced NiOOH/In(OH)3 exhibited exceptional performance, achieving H2O2 selectivity of >90 % across the wide potential window (up to 0.4 V) with a peak selectivity of >99 %. Notably, within the three‐electrode flow cell, a current density of 200 mA cm−2 was sustained over 20 h, together with an impressive Faradaic efficiency of ~90 % during the whole cycle process.
Simultaneous Defect Passivation and Co‐Catalyst Engineering Leads to Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Xu Ting , Xie Yuxin , Qi Shengliang , Zhang Hefeng , Ma Weiguang , Wang Junhui , Gao Yuying , Wang Lianzhou , Zong Xu
Published: July 2024

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as attractive candidates for producing green hydrogen via photocatalytic pathway. However, the presence of abundant defects and absence of efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active sites on MHPs seriously limit the solar‐to‐chemical (STC) conversion efficiency. Herein, to address this issue, we present a bi‐functionalization strategy through decorating MHPs with a molecular molybdenum‐sulfur‐containing co‐catalyst precursor. By virtue of the strong chemical interaction between lead and sulfur and the good dispersion of the molecular co‐catalyst precursor in the deposition solution, a uniform and intimate decoration of the MHPs surface with lead sulfide (PbS) and amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) co‐catalysts is obtained simultaneously. We show that the PbS co‐catalyst can effectively passivate the Pb‐related defects on the MHPs surface, thus retarding the charge recombination and promoting the charge transfer efficiency significantly. The amorphous MoSx co‐catalyst further promotes the extraction of photogenerated electrons from MHPs and facilitates the HER catalysis. Consequently, drastically enhanced photocatalytic HER activities are obtained on representative MHPs through the synergistic functionalization of PbS and MoSx co‐catalysts. A solar‐to‐chemical (STC) conversion efficiency of ca. 4.63 % is achieved on the bi‐functionalized FAPbBr3‐xIx (FA=CH(NH2)2), which is among the highest values reported for MHPs.
Photo‐Assisted Chemical Self‐Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries with High Charging and Discharging Efficiency
Authors: Du Xing‐Yuan , Song Li‐Na , Liang Shuang , Wang Yi‐Feng , Wang Yue , Wang Huan‐Feng , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: July 2024

Chemical self‐recharging zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), which are capable of auto‐recharging in ambient air, are promising in self‐powered battery systems. Nevertheless, the exclusive reliance on chemical energy from oxygen for ZIBs charging often would bring some obstacles in charging efficiency. Herein, we develop photo‐assisted chemical self‐recharging aqueous ZIBs with a heterojunction of MoS2/SnO2 cathode, which are favorable to enhancing both the charging and discharging efficiency as well as the chemical self‐charging capabilities under illumination. The photo‐assisted process promotes the electron transfer from MoS2/SnO2 to oxygen, accelerating the occurrence of the oxidation reaction during chemical self‐charging. Furthermore, the electrons within the MoS2/SnO2 cathode exhibit a low transfer impedance under illumination, which is beneficial to reducing the migration barrier of Zn2+ within the cathode and thereby facilitating the uniform inserting of Zn2+ into MoS2/SnO2 cathode during discharging. This photo‐assisted chemical self‐recharging mechanism enables ZIBs to attain a maximum self‐charging potential of 0.95 V within 3 hours, a considerable self‐charging capacity of 202.5 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling performance in a self‐charging mode. This work not only provides a route for optimizing chemical self‐charging energy storage, but also broadens the potential application of aqueous ZIBs.
Nonalternant B,N‐Embedded Helical Nanographenes Containing Azepines: Programmable Synthesis, Responsive Chiroptical Properties and Spontaneous Resolution into a Single‐Handed Helix
Authors: Zhuang Weiwen , Hung Faan‐Fung , Che Chi‐Ming , Liu Junzhi
Published: July 2024

Heteroatom‐embedded helical nanographenes (NGs) constitute an important and appealing class of intrinsically chiral materials. In this work, a series of B,N‐embedded helical NGs (BN‐HNGs) bearing azepines was synthesized via stepwise regioselective cyclodehydrogenation. First, the phenyl‐ or nitrogen‐bridged dimers were efficiently clipped into highly congested model compounds 1 and 2. Later, the controllable Scholl reactions of the tetraphenyl‐tethered precursor generated 1, 7 or 8 new C−C bonds, thereby establishing a robust method for the preparation of nonalternant BN‐HNGs with up to 31 fused rings. The helical bilayer nature was unambiguously verified by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The helical chirality was transferred to the stereogenic boron centers upon fluoride coordination, with a concave‐concave structure to comply with the bilayer skeleton. Notably, the largest nonalternant BN‐HNG (6) spontaneously resolved into a homochiral 41 helix structure as a molecular spiral staircase during crystallization via conglomerate formation at the single‐crystal scale. The large twisted C2‐symmetric π‐surface and the dynamic chiral skeleton induced by curved azepines might have synergistic effects on self‐recognition of enantiomers of 6 to achieve the intriguing spontaneous resolution behavior. The chiroptical properties of the enantiomer of 6 were further investigated, revealing that 6 had a strong chiroptical response in the visible range (400–700 nm).
Reversible electronic modulation of polydiacetylenes for sensing in dynamic conditions
Authors: Beliktay Gizem , Ozer Aybuke B. , Cingil Hande E. , Tan Eric M. M.
Published: July 2024

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are renowned for their exceptional optical properties intricately linked to the polymer conformation, yet they exhibit poor conductivity in their undoped state. Despite this drawback, PDAs have garnered significant interest as sensing materials owing to their ability to undergo colorimetric shifts from blue to red in response to external stimuli. However, the irreversible nature of this transition has limited their utility in dynamic environments. In this study, we augment the sensing capabilities of PDA films beyond their irreversible optical response by inducing a reversible electronic response through conductivity modulation. We investigated polyamine‐substituted PDAs with enriched hydrogen‐bonding interaction sites for the concurrent changes in colorimetry and conductivity upon acetic acid (AA) vapor exposure. Coated on a flexible interdigitated electrode (IDE), we monitor the conductivity change throughout the blue‐to‐red phase transition. Remarkably, AA molecules act as dopants, significantly amplifying the system's conductivity. Although the PDA coating retains its red phase at postdopant removal, the electronic response reverts to its initial state, demonstrating reversibility. This reversible electronic response offers invaluable real‐time insights into the specific triggers within dynamic environments, underscores the adaptability of responsive conjugated polymers, and highlights a promising avenue for their utilization in various sensing and monitoring applications.
Sisal Fiber Reinforced and Cenosphere Hybridized Polypropylene‐SEBS Composite: An Insight into Crystallographic, Dynamic Mechanical and Rheological Behavior
Authors: Maurya Atul Kumar , Kumar Sachin , Chaudhari Arjun S. , Manik Gaurav
Published: July 2024

The current study attempts to explore the crystallographic, rheological and, dynamic mechanical properties of the submicron‐treated cenosphere (t‐ CSF) particles and sisal fiber (SF) reinforced Styrene‐(Ethylene‐Butylene)‐Styrene (SEBS) toughened PP hybrid composites. Moreover, the composites reinforced with 25 wt.% of SF and 5 wt.% of CSF (Treated 6 wt.% cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)) demonstrated the most significant storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E”), and lowest damping (tan δ) factor throughout the temperature range. Likewise, X‐ray diffraction techniques were used to assess the samples’ crystallographic properties. The composites reported an enhanced β phase (responsible for high impact strength and reduced α phase of the base matrix compared to pristine PP. Likewise, all the composites’ rheological properties showed an improved complex viscosity (η*) compared to the BM but lower than that of the pristine PP. Overall processing parameters of the BM and composites were improved due to the decrement in the η* of all the composites. The rheological properties confirmed the easy processing of the fabricated composites due to the improved flowability. The storage (G′) and loss (G”) modulus of all the composites were desirably higher than that of the BM.
Digitales Datenmanagement für die Instandhaltung von Offshore‐Windparks
Authors: Eichner Lukas , Gerards‐Wünsche Paul , Happel Karina , Weise Sigurd , Haake Gerrit , Sieber Lars , Flederer Holger , Schneider Ronald , Herrmann Ralf , Hille Falk , Baeßler Matthias , Huhn Holger , Küchler Andreas
Published: July 2024

Im Forschungsprojekt DiMoWind‐Inspect wurde untersucht, welche Grundvoraussetzungen geschaffen werden müssen, um digitale Methoden für die Instandhaltung von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen einsetzen zu können. Daten aus allen Lebensphasen der Anlagen werden derzeit nur selten effizient dafür genutzt, um die sinnvollsten Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen am richtigen Ort, zum richtigen Zeitpunkt und mit den geringsten Kosten durchzuführen. Eine im Vorhaben entwickelte einheitliche Strukturierung der bisher häufig unstrukturierten Bau‐ und Instandhaltungsdaten ermöglicht ihre übergreifende, anwenderspezifische Verfügbarkeit. Hierfür werden Prinzipien des Referenzkennzeichnungssystems RDS‐PP adaptiert. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie neben Bauteilen auch zusätzliche Informationen wie Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen oder Mängel strukturiert werden können. Dem Ansatz des Building Information Modeling folgend werden die Bauwerkskomponenten direkt mit den Informationen aus Inspektionen und weiteren Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen verknüpft. So können Informationen aus dem Betrieb über den Zustand der Struktur verarbeitet und für die maßgebenden Berechnungen und Nachweise zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Als Anwendungsfall wird ein zweistufiges Konzept vorgestellt, das zur Bewertung der Ermüdungslebensdauer eines korrosionsgeschädigten Konstruktionsdetails der Gründungsstruktur einer Offshore‐Windenergieanlage mit Informationen aus der Instandhaltung eingesetzt wird.
Thermite frass biomass and surface modified biowaste coir fiber reinforced biocomposites—Conversion of waste to useful products
Authors: Sajin Justin Abraham , Sreenivasan Vaithilingam Shanmugavelayutham , Bright Brailson Mansingh , Saravanan Murugan Sundaram Senthil , Tharayil Trijo , Anish Raveendra Kurup , Natarajan Manikandan , Bharathiraja Govindarajan , Binoj Joseph Selvi
Published: July 2024

Polymer composites are known for its light weight and specific mechanical characteristics. This study examines sodium hydroxide (NaOH)‐treated coir fiber, an agro‐leftover, stuffed in a polyester matrix with termite frass powder, a bio‐leftover for possible use in light‐weight structural applications. Composite samples were made using compression molding and NaOH‐treated coir fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composite (TCRHPC) with 40 wt% treated coir fiber and 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% termite frass powder. TCRHPC samples mechanical, water captivation, tribological, and thermal properties were affected by termite frass powder wt%. The TCRHPC sample with 3 wt% termite frass powder has excellent mechanical properties, which improved by tensile (41.6%), flexural (28.57%), impact (43.7%), and hardness (18.84%) properties. With perfect water captivation and low weight increases in normal water (0.017 g), seawater (0.015 g), and NaOH solution (0.010 g), the identical composite sample with thermal stability up to 238°C also reduced wear mass by 5.27%. Conversely, filler agglomeration and heterogeneous dispersion in composite sample impair thermo‐mechanical characteristics of TCRHPC containing 4 wt% termite frass powder. The bonding among polyester, treated coir fiber, and termite frass powder in composites were appraised with the aid of fractographic images of TCRHPC samples. The results show that TCRHPC material suits well for support structures requiring lesser weight.