bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How much survey effort is required to assess bird assemblages in fire-prone eucalypt forests using acoustic recorders?
Authors: Franklin Michael J. M. , Major Richard E. , Bradstock Ross A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract Context Forest fire activity is expected to increase in many parts of the globe over the course of the 21st century, with corresponding potential for heightened levels of proximate and ultimate threats to avian diversity. Landscape-scale investigations of the responses of birds in locations where current extreme fire regimes represent those expected in the future provide opportunities to identify potentially vulnerable species in advance. Autonomous acoustic recorders are well suited to survey birds in the typically large and remote natural areas with low accessibility required for these types of studies, because they offer cost-effective and relatively safe options for obtaining reliable data. Aims The present study aimed to optimise survey using acoustic recorders to achieve a satisfactory assessment of montane dry sclerophyll forest bird assemblages using these devices. Survey completeness, or the number of species detected as a percentage of total species, was used as a metric to gauge survey suitability. Methods Acoustic recorders were deployed in 10 ridge-top forest sites in the Blue Mountains, south-eastern Australia. Extensive field recordings were processed by an analyst, with species detected by their calls recorded in a series of 20-min samples. A results-based approach, incorporating a stopping rule that established when to conclude sampling at a site, was applied to the data. The results guided the target survey completeness and sampling effort levels assigned to a set of fixed-effort survey methods, which were subsequently evaluated. Key results The optimal survey method involved using recordings from five 20-min sampling periods immediately following dawn for 2 days, achieving an average survey completeness level of 69%. Conclusions The optimal survey method can obtain results that are suitable for many types of studies involving assessments of bird assemblages, because the method can detect all common and moderately common species in assemblages, plus a fair proportion of rare species. Implications The present study has systematically developed an effective method of using autonomous acoustic recorders to research and monitor montane bird assemblages in fire-prone dry sclerophyll forests. This methodological approach may also be applied in systems subject to altered patterns of flood, storm or other extreme weather under climate change.
Computationally designed peptide macrocycle inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1
Authors: Mulligan Vikram Khipple , Workman Sean , Sun Tianjun , Rettie Stephen , Li Xinting , Worrall Liam J. , Craven Timothy W. , King Dustin T. , Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Watkins Andrew M. , Renfrew P. Douglas , Guffy Sharon , Labonte Jason W. , Moretti Rocco , Bonneau Richard , Strynadka Natalie C. J. , Baker David
Published: March 2021

Significance

Peptide macrocycles are a promising class of drugs, but their weakness is conformational flexibility: target affinity can be limited by an unfavorable transition from a disordered unbound state to an ordered bound state. We introduce general computational methods for stabilizing peptide macrocycles in binding-competent conformations as part of the process of designing for binding to a target protein. As a proof of principle, we apply our methods to create inhibitors of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1, an antibiotic resistance factor. Predictions of peptide rigidity correlate with experimental success, allowing designs to be prioritized for synthesis and testing. These methods should contribute to the design of peptide macrocycle inhibitors of diverse targets of therapeutic interest.
Meis homeobox genes control progenitor competence in the retina
Authors: Dupacova Naoko , Antosova Barbora , Paces Jan , Kozmik Zbynek
Published: March 2021

Significance

The retina is derived from the neuroepithelium in the vertebrate. During retinal development, three spatially patterned domains are formed, namely the ciliary margin zone, the optic disc, and a region that contains retinal progenitor cells. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this patterning and specification. In this study, we show that retinal regionalization is impaired in theMeis1andMeis2compound-null retina in mice. By analyzing transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles, we map and characterize the Meis-dependent gene regulatory network within the embryonic retina. We propose thatMeis1andMeis2function redundantly to promote expression of retinal progenitor cell-specific genes, while simultaneously restricting ciliary margin zone- and optic disc-specific genes.
The receptor-like kinases BAM1 and BAM2 are required for root xylem patterning
Authors: Fan Pengfei , Aguilar Emmanuel , Bradai Mariem , Xue Hao , Wang Hua , Rosas-Diaz Tabata , Tang Weihua , Wolf Sebastian , Zhang Heng , Xu Lin , Lozano-Durán Rosa
Published: March 2021

Significance

Plant miRNAs can move from cell to cell through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata, transmitting positional information that is decoded to make developmental decisions; one well-studied example of this is xylem patterning in the root of the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
, which depends on the formation of opposing gradients of two miRNAs and their target transcripts. Here, we show that two plasma membrane- and plasmodesmata-localized proteins, BAM1 and BAM2, are required for maintaining appropriate levels and distribution of the miRNA target transcripts, and hence for proper root xylem patterning, uncovering additional players in the regulation of this developmental process and adding one more function, direct or indirect, to the ever-growing portfolio of BAM1 and BAM2.
ATM controls the extent of DNA end resection by eliciting sequential posttranslational modifications of CtIP
Authors: Han Jinhua , Wan Li , Jiang Guixing , Cao Liping , Xia Feiyu , Tian Tian , Zhu Xiaomei , Wu Mingjie , Huen Michael S. Y. , Wang Yi , Liu Ting , Huang Jun
Published: March 2021

Significance

A timely and appropriate response to genotoxic stress is essential for maintaining genome stability and preventing tumorigenesis. Here, we have established a previously unidentified role of the protein kinase ATM in controlling the extent of DNA end resection during homology-directed repair. Specifically, ATM elicits sequential posttranslational modifications of the key resection factor CtIP and thereby fine-tunes its activity at DSB sites. Our findings highlight the multistep roles of the master kinase ATM in orchestrating DNA damage responses.
Chromatin remodelers and lineage-specific factors interact to target enhancers to establish proneurosensory fate within otic ectoderm
Authors: Xu Jinshu , Li Jun , Zhang Ting , Jiang Huihui , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Fritzsch Bernd , Shen Li , Xu Pin-Xian
Published: March 2021

Significance

The mammalian inner ear uses sensory hair cells and neurons for both auditory and vestibular function. Precursor cells for hair cells and neurons are derived from Sox2
+
proneurosensory progenitors specified in the otic ectoderm. Here, we demonstrate that the inner ear neurosensory-specific transcription factor Six1 and its coactivator
Eya1
collaborate with chromatin remodelers to promote the initial specification of a proneurosensory-restricted progenitor cell from an ectodermal cell within the otic ectoderm by inducing
Sox2
activation. This process is mediated through three distal 3′
Sox2
enhancers whose otic-restricted activity depends on Six1. Our findings have broad implications for understanding the architecture of genetic regulatory circuits that induce the initial events of otic neurosensory lineage establishment and maintenance.
High-salt diet suppresses autoimmune demyelination by regulating the blood–brain barrier permeability
Authors: Na Shin-Young , Janakiraman Mathangi , Leliavski Alexei , Krishnamoorthy Gurumoorthy
Published: March 2021

Significance

Dietary salt intake has been considered an important risk factor for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we studied the effects of a high-salt diet (HSD) using a spontaneous autoimmune disease mouse model resembling MS. We found that high-salt consumption protects mice from developing the neurological disease by promoting the tightening of the blood–brain barrier and preventing the migration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS. Our results emphasize the multifarious effects of high-salt consumption in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
Self-edition hypothesis
Authors: Afrouz Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

‘Self-editing’ refers to the practice of translators who edit their own earlier translations. Self-editions have been less investigated than retranslations. No attempt has been made so far to formulate a hypothesis concerning self-edition. Therefore, the present piece of research was conducted to fill the gap. The corpus of the study includes the modern Persian novellaThe Blind Owlwritten bySadeq Hedayat (1903–1951)and translated (and self-edited) by Iraj Bashiri (in1974, 2013 and 2016). The findings showed that self-edited versions appeared to be more target-oriented than their original translations. Therefore, although they appeared after the original translation, and could somehow be thought of as ‘retranslations’, they do not seem to confirm the Retranslation-Hypothesis (RH). The main principle of the tentative ‘Self-edition Hypothesis’ is contrary to that of the Retranslation-Hypothesis. It was also found that a self-edited translation is more ‘natural’, ‘accurate’, and ‘expanded’, but slightly less clear than its original translation. It should, however, be underscored that the reduction in clarity of self-edited versions was not so significant. Future researchers are encouraged to focus their study on ‘comparing strategies used by translators with those adopted by editors’ and ‘taking into account socio-cultural factors involved in the production of new editions’. Prospective researchers can test the hypothesis by concentrating on various language pairs and other text-types.
Translating punctuation between English and Persian and issues for the replacement of non-lexical items
Authors: Heydarian Seyed Hossein , Hashemi-Minabad Hasan
Published: March 2021

The consideration of the importance of punctuation marks has widely been ignored in studies of translation. Here
we report on a case study of English-Persian translation, in which we found that the attitude towards punctuation has not only
been due to the different patterns used by different languages but also to the fact that some languages like Persian have never
assimilated punctuation marks into the writing styles.

Therefore, the meanings and functions of punctuation marks are worth investigating to enhance our understanding of
what are termed non-lexical items in this paper. We show how unawareness of such differences could cause problems and
complications in conveying the message.

The main focus of this study is the survey of translation of punctuation into lexical items as a new tendency.
This strategy will be considered as an intersemiotic approach illustrated through a comprehensive series of literary and
non-literary examples.
On the translator’s voice from the paratextual perspective–exemplified by Goldblatt’s English translation of
Red Sorghum and Massage
Authors: Wang Tiansi
Published: March 2021

The paper explores the translator’s voice from the paratextual perspective combined with a descriptive case study
of Goldblatt’s English translation of Red Sorghum: A Novel of China and Massage. In the
multidisciplinary and trans-disciplinary integrated analytical framework of narrative stylistics and socio-translation studies,
the author argues that the translator’s voice could be studied at two levels, i.e. narrative voice in the target text as well as
peritext and situational voice in the translation process. Paratexts could be employed to endorse the existence of narrative
voice. Besides, paratexts serve to shed light on the implied multiplicity of situational voice and probe into the pivotal parts
of the translator therein. The article aims to strengthen the bonds between paratexts and the translator’s voice, enrich the
theory on the translator’s voice and further feed vigor into the field of translation studies. Meanwhile, the study deduces
implications for enhancing the international communication of Chinese literature.
Anonymity and authenticity on the web
Authors: Kersten Saskia , Lotze Netaya
Published: March 2021

Building on our own research (Kersten and Lotze 2018,2020;Lotze and Kersten in press,under review) as well as other work in this area (Bechar-Israeli 1995;Stommel 2007;Lindholm 2013;Aleksiejuk 2016a,2016b), this article will discuss the pragmatics of (self-)naming practices online and how they contribute to identity construction and face-work (Bedijs, Held and Maaß 2014;Seargeant and Tagg 2014). Drawing on the data collected, both existing and analysed as part of a wider study of usernames across 14 languages (Schlobinski and Siever 2018a), the use and function of anthroponyms and other names in online contexts are explored. Furthermore, we endeavour to situate both onomastic and sociolinguistic research in the field of digitally-mediated interaction (DMI) and in the field of pragmatics in general.
Options in a task-based language-teaching curriculum
Authors: Ellis Rod
Published: March 2021

I draw on the education literature to describe four educational curriculum models, which serve as a basis for presenting
four TBLT curricula based on the proposals of Prabhu (1987); Willis (1996), Long (1985, 2015a, 2015b) and myself (Ellis, 2003 and 2019) – all of which have figured in the development of TBLT. I propose a set of questions that can be used to
evaluate these models. I then turn to examine the curriculum design process, identifying options in TBLT curricula that are available at
each stage of the process. I point to a tension that exists between what SLA theory indicates is needed and what environmental constraints
make feasible and conclude with a plea for flexibility by weighing up which options are appropriate in different teaching situations. I also
summarize how I see TBLT benefitting from adopting a broad education perspective that includes critical language pedagogy.
Learning vocabulary in spoken input- and output-based tasks
Authors: Duong Phuong Thao , Montero Perez Maribel , Desmet Piet , Peters Elke
Published: March 2021

This experimental study explores the differential effects of spoken input-based and output-based tasks on vocabulary
knowledge. The study also investigates whether such tasks result in more learning gains than exposure to input-only (no subsequent task).
The study employed a pretest-posttest design with two groups: an experimental group (n = 32) who completed both input- and
output-based tasks in a counterbalanced way and a comparison group (n = 12) who were only exposed to L2 input. Vocabulary
gains were measured at three levels of sensitivity: oral spontaneous use, oral form recall and meaning recall. The findings showed that
participants who were only exposed to L2 input learned significantly fewer words than participants who completed the input-based and
output-based tasks. No difference in learning gains was found between the input-based and output-based tasks.
Cage-diving and Shark Welfare
Authors: Chivell Wilfred
Published: March 2021

The survival of the great white shark has been put at serious risk by fishing and extensive poaching and still faces many threats today. Cage-diving, where tourists can safely view the sharks from close-up, has proved an effective method of limiting the environmental damage, by creating revenue and jobs. As Wilfred Chivell says, “the sharks are now worth more alive than dead.”

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 8: The Tourism Industry and Shark Welfare’. In: Carr N. and Broom, D. M. (eds) Tourism and Animal Welfare. CAB International, pp. 97-101.

© CAB International 2018
Quantify point defects in monolayer tungsten diselenide
Authors: Ding Sujuan , Lin Fang , Jin Chuanhong
Published: March 2021

Point defects may significantly influence the electrical and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) tungsten diselenide (WSe2), while precise information about point defects distribution (e.g. species and concentration) in monolayer (ML-) WSe2 are hard to obtain. In this letter, we tried to partly fill this knowledge gap via performing quantitative and statistical analysis of intrinsic point defects in WSe2 monolayers prepared by three so-called main-stream approaches i.e. mechanical exfoliation (ME), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which are promising for providing high-quality samples. Via a conjunction of statistic atomic-resolution annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, software-based automated defect identification and counting, together with image simulations, defect species and concentrations were quantitatively determined. Seven types of intrinsic point defects were identified in ML-WSe2 and the most dominant one is selenium mono-vacancy (VSe) (corresponding to one Se atom missing), irrespective of the synthetic route and growth conditions. Exact contents and diversity of point defects depend on the specific preparation method: CVD grown ML-WSe2 is the most defective (for example, the density of VSe reaches 1.48% in atomic ratio), followed by ME (∼0.85 at% for VSe) and MBE grown samples (∼0.49 at% for VSe). Our results, though still with limited sampling, provide preliminary quantitative information of point defects in ML-WSe2, which can serve as a reference to achieve the precisely controlled large-scale sample growth and establish the structure-property relationship of 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides materials.
PANI coupled hierarchical Bi2S3 nanoflowers based hybrid nanocomposite for enhanced thermoelectric performance
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Singh Huidrom Hemojit , Kumar Sunil , Khare Neeraj
Published: March 2021

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising material for thermoelectric applications owing to its non-toxicity and high abundance of bismuth (Bi) and sulfur (S) elements on earth. However, its low electrical conductivity drastically reduces the value of the figure of merit (ZT). In this work, we have synthesized three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Bi2S3 nanoflowers (NFs) by the hydrothermal route and further incorporated them with conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) by simple chemisorption method. We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of the as-prepared Bi2S3 NFs and PANI/Bi2S3 nanocomposite samples and it is demonstrated that the incorporation of the PANI matrix with the 3D hierarchical Bi2S3 NFs provides a conducting substrate for the easy transport of the electrons and reduces the barrier height at the interface, resulting in ∼62% increment in the electrical conductivity as compared to Bi2S3 NFs. Moreover, a decrement in the thermal conductivity of the PANI/Bi2S3 nanocomposite is observed as compared to pristine Bi2S3 NFs due to the increased phonon scattering at the interfaces facilitated by the hierarchical morphology of the NFs. Furthermore, an increment in the electrical conductivity and simultaneous decrement in the thermal conductivity results in an overall ∼20% increment in the figure of merit (ZT) for PANI/Bi2S3 nanocomposite as compared to pristine Bi2S3 NFs. The work highlights an effective strategy of coupling 3D hierarchical metal chalcogenide with conducting polymer for optimizing their thermoelectric properties.
Neutrino mass and asymmetric dark matter: study with inert Higgs doublet and high scale validity
Authors: Dutta Banik Amit , Roshan Rishav , Sil Arunansu
Published: March 2021

We consider an inert Higgs doublet (IHD) extension of the Standard Model accompanied with three right handed neutrinos and a dark sector, consisting of a singlet fermion and a scalar, in order to provide a common framework for dark matter, leptognesis and neutrino mass. While the Yukawa coupling of the right handed neutrinos with IHD (having mass in the intermediate regime: 80–500 GeV) is responsible for explaining the observed baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis, its coupling with the dark sector explains the dark matter relic density. The presence of IHD also explains the neutrino mass through radiative correction. We find that study of the high scale validity of the model in this context becomes crucial as it restricts the parameter space significantly. It turns out that there exists a small, but non-zero contribution to the relic density of DM from IHD too. Considering all the constraints from dark matter, leptogenesis, neutrino mass and high scale validity of the model, we perform a study to find out the viable parameter space.
Modeling the marked spectrum of matter and biased tracers in real- and redshift-space
Authors: Philcox Oliver H.E. , Aviles Alejandro , Massara Elena
Published: March 2021

We present the one-loop perturbation theory for the power spectrum of the marked density field of matter and biased tracers in real- and redshift-space. The statistic has been shown to yield impressive constraints on cosmological parameters; to exploit this, we require an accurate and computationally inexpensive theoretical model. Comparison with N-body simulations demonstrates that linear theory fails on all scales, but inclusion of one-loop Effective Field Theory terms gives a substantial improvement, with ∼ 5% accuracy at z = 1. The expansion is less convergent in redshift-space (achieving ∼ 10% accuracy), but there are significant improvements for biased tracers due to the freedom in the bias coefficients. The large-scale theory contains non-negligible contributions from all perturbative orders; we suggest a reorganization of the theory that contains all terms relevant on large-scales, discussing both its explicit form at one-loop and structure at infinite-loop. This motivates a low-k correction term, leading to a model that is sub-percent accurate on large scales, albeit with the inclusion of two (three) free coefficients in real- (redshift-)space. We further consider the effects of massive neutrinos, showing that beyond-EdS corrections to the perturbative kernels are negligible in practice. It remains to see whether the purported gains in cosmological parameters remain valid for biased tracers and can be captured by the theoretical model.
Tidal disruption near black holes
and their mimickers
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , Paul Suvankar , Shaikh Rajibul , Sarkar Tapobrata
Published: March 2021

Black holes and wormholes are solutions of Einstein's field equations, both of which, from afar, can look like a
central mass. We show here that although at large distances both behave like Newtonian
objects, close to the event horizon or to the throat, black holes and wormholes have
different tidal effects on stars, due to their respective geometries.
We quantify this difference
by a numerical procedure in the Schwarzschild black hole and the exponential wormhole backgrounds,
and compare the peak fallback rates of tidal debris in these geometries.
The tidal disruption rates in these backgrounds are also computed. It is shown that these quantities are
a few times higher for wormholes, compared to the black hole cases.
Statistically-anisotropic tensor bispectrum from inflation
Authors: Hiramatsu Takashi , Murai Kai , Obata Ippei , Yokoyama Shuichiro
Published: March 2021

We develop a possibility of generating tensor non-Gaussianity in a kind of anisotropic inflation, where a (1) gauge field is kinetically coupled to a spectator scalar field.
Owing to this coupling, the coherent mode of the electric field appears and softly breaks the isotropy of the Universe.
We compute the bispectrum of linearly-polarized tensor perturbations sourced by the gauge field and find that it is strongly red-tilted
and has distinctive statistical anisotropies including higher-order multipole moments.
Interestingly, the tensor bispectra with the specific combinations of linear polarization modes are dominant, and their amplitudes depend on the different sets of multipole moments.
This new type of statistically-anisotropic tensor non-Gaussianity can be potentially testable with the upcoming cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization experiments.
Electron acoustic solitary waves in unmagnetized nonthermal plasmas
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Khan Aqil , Khan Mohsin , Khan Daud , Ahmad Sheraz , Ata-ur-Rahman
Published: March 2021

Electron acoustic (EA) solitary waves (SWs) are studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of hot electrons (following Cairns-Tsalli distribution), inertial cold electrons, and stationary ions. By employing a reductive perturbation technique (RPT), the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived and its SW solution is analyzed. Here, the effects of plasma parameters such as the nonextensivity parameter (q), the nonthermality of electrons (α), and the cold-to-hot electron density ratio (β) are investigated.
A convolutional neural network to identify motor units from high-density surface electromyography signals in real time
Authors: Wen Yue , Avrillon Simon , Hernandez-Pavon Julio C , Kim Sangjoon J , Hug François , Pons José L
Published: March 2021

Objectives. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility and the validity of applying deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify motor unit (MU) spike trains and estimate the neural drive to muscles from high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) signals in real time. Two distinct deep CNNs are compared with the convolution kernel compensation (CKC) algorithm using simulated and experimentally recorded signals. The effects of window size and step size of the input HD-EMG signals are also investigated. Approach. The MU spike trains were first identified with the CKC algorithm. The HD-EMG signals and spike trains were used to train the deep CNN. Then, the deep CNN decomposed the HD-EMG signals into MU discharge times in real time. Two CNN approaches are compared with the CKC: (a) multiple single-output deep CNN (SO-DCNN) with one MU decomposed per network, and (b) one multiple-output deep CNN (MO-DCNN) to decompose all MUs (up to 23) with one network. Main results. The MO-DCNN outperformed the SO-DCNN in terms of training time (3.2–21.4 s epoch−1 vs 6.5–47.8 s epoch−1, respectively) and prediction time (0.04 vs 0.27 s sample−1, respectively). The optimal window size and step size for MO-DCNN were 120 and 20 data points, respectively. It results in sensitivity of 98% and 85% with simulated and experimentally recorded HD-EMG signals, respectively. There is a high cross-correlation coefficient between the neural drive estimated with CKC and that estimated with MO-DCNN (range of r-value across conditions: 0.88–0.95). Significance. We demonstrate the feasibility and the validity of using deep CNN to accurately identify MU activity from HD-EMG with a latency lower than 80 ms, which falls within the lower bound of the human electromechanical delay. This method opens many opportunities for using the neural drive to interface humans with assistive devices.
Large deviations of the Lyapunov exponent in 2D matrix Langevin dynamics with applications to one-dimensional Anderson localization models
Authors: Monthus Cécile
Published: March 2021

For the 2D matrix Langevin dynamics that correspond to the continuous-time limit of the products of some 2 × 2 random matrices, the finite-time Lyapunov exponent can be written as an additive functional of the associated Riccati process submitted to some Langevin dynamics on the infinite periodic ring. Its large deviations properties can thus be analyzed from two points of view that are equivalent in the end by consistency but give different perspectives. In the first approach, one starts from the large deviations at level 2.5 for the joint probability of the empirical density and empirical current of the Riccati process, and one then performs the appropriate Euler–Lagrange optimization in order to compute the cumulant generating function of the Lyapunov exponent. In the second approach, this cumulant generating function is obtained from the spectral analysis of the appropriate tilted Fokker–Planck operator. The associated conditioned process obtained via the generalization of Doob’s h-transform allows one to clarify the equivalence with the first approach. Finally, applications to one-dimensional Anderson localization models are described in order to explicitly obtain the first cumulants of the finite-size Lyapunov exponent.
Note on generalized symmetries, gapless excitations, generalized symmetry protected topological states, and anomaly
Authors: Jian Chao-Ming , Xu Cenke
Published: March 2021

We consider quantum many body systems with generalized symmetries, such as the higher form symmetries introduced recently, and the ‘tensor symmetry’. We consider a general form of lattice Hamiltonians which allow a certain level of nonlocality. Based on the assumption of dual generalized symmetries, we explicitly construct low energy excited states. We also derive the ’t Hooft anomaly for the general Hamiltonians after ‘gauging’ the dual generalized symmetries. A 3d system with dual anomalous 1-form symmetries can be viewed as the boundary of a 4d generalized symmetry protected topological (SPT) state with 1-form symmetries. We also present a prototype example of a 4d SPT state with mixed 1-form and 0-form symmetry topological response theory as well as its physical construction. The boundary of this SPT state can be a 3d anomalous QED state, or an anomalous 1-form symmetry-enriched topological order. Insights are gained by dimensional compatification/reduction. After dimensional compactification, the 3d system with N pairs of dual 1-form symmetries reduces to a 1d system with 2N pairs of dual U(1) global symmetries, which is the boundary of an ordinary 2d SPT state, while the 3d system with tensor symmetry reduces to a 1d Lifshitz theory, which is protected by the center of mass conservation of the system.
The use of Kahoot in Trigonometric material during the pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Akhsani Lukmanul , Ahmad  , Nugroho Yanuarto Wanda
Published: March 2021

Mathematics is an abstract subject. Many students do not stay long in learning mathematics. The Covid-19 pandemic conditions require students to study at home. This makes students learn to be more independent. There needs to be innovation in learning. The use of Kahoot can assist teachers in making variations in learning. The use of kahoot can motivate students to learn mathematics. This study shows a positive response to the use of kahoot. Students enjoy using kahoot. Kahoot is one of the variations in the online learning they follow
Analogical reasoning on two dimensional geometry
Authors: Gunawan  , Supriatna  , Annisa Nur Fauzi Dea
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the mathematical analogy ability of the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Purbalingga based on multiple intelligences. This study used a qualitative description method by conducting investiga tions and providing an overview of the state of the object/research subject based on facts. The research subjects were grade VIII H students of SMP Negeri 1 Purbalingga in the 2019/2020 school year who were divided heterogeneously from class A- I. The technique used n this study was purposive sampling with the aim of selecting 2 students from each of the multiple intelligences, namely linguistic intelligences, logical-mathematical intelligences, and visual -spatial intelligences. The data collection method of this research was carried out using a questionnaire, tests, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Miles and Huberman model and triangulation techniques were also used to analyze the test validity. The results of this study found that students with linguistic intelligence were able to identify answers, determine answers, but were not able to associate. In addition, students with logical-mathematical intelligence were able to identify answers, determine answers, and determine similarities. On the other hand, students with visual-spatial intelligence were able to identify answers, determine answers, but were not able to find problems related to mathematical operations and also were not able to write answers related to questions that required sentences.
Mathematics thinking ability in metaphorical based on personality type
Authors: Purwanto Joko , Muhammad Malim , Novia Ulfah Erin , Rukijah Tien
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe students’ metaphorical mathematical thinking skills based on sanguinis and melancholy personality types in one-variable linear equation system (OLES). The data source of this research is the seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Kalibagor. Respondents in this study were taken using the purposive sampling method, there are two types of personality taken as respondents, namely the sanguinis personality type and the melancholic personality type. The methods used to collect data in this study were personality type tests, metaphorical thinking tests, and interviews. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that students with the sanguinis type of personality are able to fulfill four of the six stages of metaphorical thinking abilities. The stages that are fulfilled are Connect, Relate, Explore, and Transform, while the stages that are not fulfilled are the Analyze and Experiment stages. Students with melancholy personality types are able to fulfill all stages of metaphorical thinking skills, namely Connect, Relate, Explore, Analyze, Transform, and Experiment.
TPACK in mathematics teacher education: Are teachers ready to teach for ICT literacy?
Authors: Nugroho Yanuarto Wanda , Mistima Maat Siti , Husnin Hazrati
Published: March 2021

TPACK is an effective combination of technological content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and content knowledge to understand the understanding of how the structure, representation, and adaptation of a topic, problem, and content are adapted according to the interests, technology, and abilities of teachers and presented in teaching. Mastery of teachers’ ICT literacy is not possible without the TPACK that underlies the use of ICT. This article employed the relationship between TPACK and ICT literacy among Indonesian Mathematics Teachers in Senior School background. This research used a quantitative approach which focused on the survey as the chosen research design. The research procedures: 1) finding factor analysis of each construct; TPACK and ICT literacy with Exploratory Factor Analysis; 2) constructs the instrument by Confirmatory Factor Analysis to get a fit model; 3) structural Equation Model for the relationship between TPACK and ICT literacy. The model criteria obtained the fit index test; Chi-Square, Chi-Square/df TLI, CFI, NFI, and RMSEA. The results of the study revealed that the TPACK construct consisted of 7 valid sub-constructs and ICT literacy consisted of 4 valid sub-constructs. Whereas, the analysis of the data shows a significant relationship between TPACK and ICT literacy with a strong contribution significant relationship between TPACK and ICT literacy (β = .566).
Geometry From Lambitu tribe Etnomatematics
Authors: Mariamah  , Muslim  , Amrullah  , Prayitno Sudi , Badu Kusuma Anggun
Published: March 2021

The Lambitu tribe has a traditional house as a cultural heritage of ancestors since 1620 M. The traditional house is uma lengge and uma jompa. The existence of this traditional house is very important for the Lambitu tribe community, which functions as a residence as well as a granary. This traditional house is already very well known among the wider community as well as being a tourist destination. The community do not realize that this traditional form of home has mathematical values, which should be used as a source of learning mathematics for students in the learning process at school. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the ethnomatematics form of lengge and jompa traditional houses. The results showed that uma lengge and uma jompa had geometric shapes such as two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. The two-dimensional shapes like square, trapezium, isosceles triangle, right triangle, and rectangles, while the three-dimensional shapes consisted of isosceles trapezium, cubes and rectangular prism. Based on the results of this study, it is important to be used as a reference for teachers and students a s well a s teaching materials that are contextual and contain local wisdom local culture.
Mathematical problem-solving skills on relation and function through Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs)
Authors: Rusliah Nur , Handican Rhomiy , Laswadi  , Deswita Ria , Oktafia Mesi
Published: March 2021

Mathematics relation and function is one of important topics in junior high school. This study aims to see differences in the problem-solving a bilities of junior high school students who use the Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) and conventional models in learning mathematics relation and function. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study was all of the seventh-grade students at a State Junior High School in Sungai Penuh, Jambi, Indonesia, and the sample was two groups experimental group and control group. The data collection technique used is a test of mathematical problem-solving skills. The data were analyzed by using he independent t-test to find comparisons or differences. The research result showed that there were differences in the mathematical problem-solving skills of junior high school students who used MEAs and other students who did not use MEAs. This difference occurs as a result of different treatment received by students, by MEAs students are required to be more active in understanding and formulating problems.
Mathematical knowledge for early childhood teaching: A deep insight on how pre-service teachers prepare mathematical activities
Authors: Gilar Jatisunda Mohamad , Hidayanti Maria , Lita  , Salim Nahdi Dede , Cahyaningsih Ujiati , Suciawati Vici
Published: March 2021

Geometry concepts are essential to teaching in early childhood. Engaging early childhood in geometric thinking and spatial reasoning can support their overall mathematical and cognitive development. Preparing the mathematics learning process in early childhood, especially the concept of geometry, requires careful planning by paying attention to various aspects both from the psychological side of students and in terms of mathematics content. Early childhood education teachers must have the skills to plan math activities. The research objective was to see the ability of prospective early childhood education teachers to do math activities. The research method used is phenomenology, which examines the experiences of pre-service early childhood education teachers after attending the “Mathematics and Cognitive Development” lecture. The research results were obtained when designing the learning process of pre-service early childhood education teachers by paying attention to the aspects of providing meaningful experiences through games in introducing the concept of geometry.
Combining scientific approach and PBL in learning of set to improve mathematical creative thinking skills
Authors: Putra Aan , Erita Selvia , Habibi Mhmd , Gina Gunawanand Febria Ningsih Rilla
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the improvement of students’ creative thinking through a scientific approach that integrated a problem-based learning model on set problems. This research used quasi-experimental design which compared pretest and posttest results between two groups. The population of this study was all of the eighth-grade students at one of state Islamic junior high schools (MTsN) in Sungai Penuh, Jambi, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of students in two groups that were randomly selected. One group was an experimental group that treated by a scientific approach integrated with PBL and the other one was as a control group that treated by direct instruction. We collected the data using a test of students’ mathematical creative thinking skills. Then, we analyzed it statistically using the N-gain parameter for the test results. The results of the analysis show that the improvement of students’ creative thinking through the scientific approach that integrated with PBL was better than the improvement through the direct instruction. Learning with a scientific approach combined with PBL makes the students freer to express their ideas and to improve their creative thinking skills.
Geometric thinking in learning distance and angle
Authors: Jaelani Anton
Published: March 2021

Solid geometry is an essential science that students should master because students encounter it in the real world. Students’ geometric thinking ability is still low because they have difficulty understanding the concepts. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the achievement and increase in geometric thinking skills of students who received generative learning assisted by SketchUp and Direct Learning. This research is quasi-experimental, and the research instrument is a test of geometric thinking skills. The results showed that there was no difference in achievement and improvement. The results of this study suggest that researchers and teachers look for other alternatives to improve students’ geometric thinking skills.
Prospective mathematics teachers making sense of multiplication algorithm
Authors: Ayu Apsari Ratih , Sariyasa  , Pramestie Wulandari Nourma , Novitasari Dwi , Hamdani Deni
Published: March 2021

Multiplication algorithm is broadly used in Indonesian classroom as a technique to multiply two-digits or more numbers. Traditionally, it is introduced as a set of memorized procedures. Hence, despite of its popularity, multiplication algorithm is hardly understood by the students. To understand the root of problem in teaching multiplication, this study aims a t elaborating the abilities of prospective mathematics teachers in making sense the multiplication algorithm. To gather the data, we conducted a survey using written test. The participants were 50 students of mathematics education study program in a state university in Bali, Indonesia. The data were analysed using descriptive quantitative method. From the findings, it is found that 18% of participants were able to explain the logic behind the procedures. Furthermore. the analysis shows the prospective mathematics teachers encountered difficulty in explaining multiplication algorithm due to their inability to making sense the process.
Number sense ability of junior high school students
Authors: Pramestie Wulandari Nourma , Ayu Apsari Ratih , Yulis Tyaningsih Ratna , Humaira Salsabila Nilza , Rozi Hadiyanto Fahrur
Published: March 2021

Number sense is a basis for learning mathematics. It can be interpreted as a person’s sensitivity about numbers and its operations with flexibility and intuition about numbers. If students have a good number sense ability, they will not encounter difficulty in solving number related problems. The fact is, number sense ability on various educational stage are still low. Students don’t have the sensitivity on the nature of the order of numbers. This study aims at classifying students’ number sense ability. So, in the near future, an effort to resolve the problem can be done. The subjects of this study were 80 ninth grade students of MTs NW Putra and Putri Narmada. The instrument that used in the study was 10 item number sense questions that were completed in 15 minutes. The result shows that the students’ number sense ability was at a low level with an average percentage of correct answers only 29.75%. Therefore, it can be inferred that the students are still weak in all components of number sense. The lowest skill is in the second component that is knowledge of facility with operations, with the result that the percentage of the number of correct answers is only 16.67%.
Development of project and ICT-based learning media subject modules
Authors: Akhsani Lukmanul , Ahmad  , Eko Subekti Fitrianto
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid project-based learning media module and ICT, to determine the practicality of learning using the project-based learning media module and practical information technology, to determine the effectiveness of learning using the project-based learning media module and information technology. This type of research is development research. The conclusions of this study are the project-based learning media module and valid ICT, project-based learning media and practical ICT modules, and learning using project-based learning m edia modules and effective I CT.
Product of two groups integers modulo m,n and their factor groups using python
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Bayu Muktyas Indra , Iswara Sukmawati Klara
Published: March 2021

We all know that (Z
m
×Z
n
,+) is a group under addition modulo m and n. Recall that a cyclic subgroup is a subgroup that generated by one element in the group. We can get the group factor of all cyclic subgroups in a group (Z
m
×Z
n
,+) since any their cyclic subgroup is normal On the other hand, Python is a programming language that is multipurpose, easy to use, and also can run on various OS like Windows, Ubuntu, or Android. Moreover, the modulo operations on groups (Z
m
× Z
n
,+) also can be calculated by Python, so we can use Python to get the factor groups off all their cyclic subgroups. In this paper, we determine the group factor in a group (Z
m
×Z
n
,+) of any cyclic subgroup using Python.
Mathematics problem solving on linear system of two variables
Authors: Gunawan  , Supriatna  , Setyaningsih Eka , Fera Apriana Rizki
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the mathematical problem-solving ability of class X AKL 3 SMK Negeri 1 Purbalingga viewed from their learning styles. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman model including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Purposive sampling technique was used as the sampling technique. Questionnaires, tests, interviews, and documentation were used to collect the data. Based on the learning style questionnaire, students are grouped into 3 groups of learning styles, namely visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. 3 students from each group were taken to be the respondents. Based on the results of this study, it shows that students with visual learning styles and kinesthetic learning styles are able problem-solving indicators, namely understanding problems, planning solutions, and implementing plans. Students with an auditory learning style are able to meet 4 problem-solving indicators, namely understanding problems, planning solutions, implementing plans, and rechecking.
The geometric literacy skills of prospective teachers in the 4.0 era
Authors: Kusno  , Setyaningsih Eka
Published: March 2021

The geometric literacy skills of junior high school students in Central Java still need serious attention. Facing the 4.0 era, prospective teachers’ mathematical literacy skills in the field of geometry need to be well prepared. The purpose of this study was to reveal the geometric literacy skills of prospective mathematics teachers in developing teaching materials through authentic assessment. This is a qualitative research with a case study method. The research subjects were prospective mathematics teacher students at the Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia, who contracted the 2019/2020 teaching material development course. The research subjects were selected purposively from the best 4 groups (G1-G4) from 9 working groups. Data were collected through open questionnaires, portfolios, observations and analyzed using inductive, interactive methods, simultaneously then described and explored. The results show that G1 and G2 explore the concept of reflection and right triangles contextually and scientifically through discovery, G3 explores cube nets contextually and scientifically through inquiry, while G4 explores the position of points on the Cartesian digram contextually and scientific problem through bassed learning.