bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Year 6 to 7 transition
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: September 2016

This term in SecEd, Matt Bromley is focusing on boosting outcomes for learners at key stage 3. He looks here at the process of transition and how we can best help pupils to prepare and cope with the move from year 6 to 7
Distal biceps tendon injuries
Authors: Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Assenmacher Andrew T. , Sánchez-Sotelo Joaquín
Published: September 2016

Distal biceps tendon (DBT) conditions comprise a spectrum of disorders including bicipitoradial bursitis, partial tears, acute and chronic complete tears. In low-demand patients with complete DBT tears, non-operative treatment may be entertained provided the patient understands the potential for residual weakness, particularly in forearm supination. Most acute tears are best treated by primary repair using either single-incision or double-incision techniques with good clinical outcomes. Single-incision techniques may carry a higher risk of nerve-related complications, whereas double-incision techniques have historically been considered to carry a higher risk of heterotopic ossification, particularly if the ulna is exposed. Various fixation techniques, including bone tunnels, cortical buttons, suture anchors, interference screws or a combination seem to provide different fixation strength but similar clinical outcomes. Some chronic tears may be repaired primarily, provided tendon tissue can be identified; alternatively, autograft or allograft reconstruction can be considered, and good outcomes have been reported with both techniques.

Cite this article: Alentorn-Geli E, Assenmacher AT, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Distal biceps tendon injuries: a clinically relevant current concepts review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:316-324. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000053.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODELS FOR ESTIMATING WEIGHTS IN ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS AND FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Authors: Patel Gokulananda , Mjema Godwin D , Godwin Kasio M
Published: September 2016

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides a way to rank the alternatives by deriving priorities. In this paper we used Linear Programming (LP) models to estimate the weights of a pairwise comparison matrix derived within the frame work of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The priorities obtained for the alternatives served as the coefficients of the objective function of linear programming to optimize a human resource problem at Bakhresa Food Product Limited (BFPL).
Prescribing Errors with Levetiracetam Oral Solution/Communicate Insulin Dose and Concentration on Separate/Lines Risperidone and Ropinirole Mix-ups/IV Line Disinfection Caps Can Become Foreign Bodies
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: September 2016

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Impact of a Pharmacy-Led Pain Management Team on Adults in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Mathew Stacy , Chamberlain Carol , Alvarez Kristin S. , Alvarez Carlos A. , Shah Monal
Published: September 2016

Background

Pain is a major health problem affecting more than 15% of adults in the United States. In a multidisciplinary pain management team, pharmacists can optimize pharmacotherapy quality by ensuring safe and appropriate medication use.

Objective

Assess the impact of a pharmacy pain medication management service on pain-related outcomes in an adult inpatient population.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated patients who were admitted from November 2009 through November 2011 and received a pharmacy pain consult. Patients were excluded if they left against medical advice, their care was assumed by palliative care, or they had no complaint of pain when seen by the pharmacist. The primary outcome was the difference between each patient's average pain score from pre-consult to post-consult. Secondary outcomes were difference between each patient's average pain score from pre-consult to pre-discharge, overall functional improvement, pharmacist interventions, and 14-day and 30-day readmissions.

Results

One hundred patients were included in the final analysis. Eight hundred twenty-one interventions were made by the clinical pharmacists. Patients displayed a significant reduction in their pre- and post-consult pain intensity scores on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (6.15 vs 3.25; p < .001). Likewise, a significant reduction in pain intensity scores was seen from pre-consult to pre-discharge (6.15 vs 3.6; p < .001). Overall functional improvement, specifically sleep, mobility, and appetite, was seen in 86.6% of patients.

Conclusions

Pain management is an area that provides opportunities for pharmacotherapy interventions. Pharmacists' involvement in pain management on an inpatient consult service had a positive impact on pain scores and improvement in functionality.
Case Study of Fatal Stroke following Intranasal Lidocaine
Authors: Moellentin Daniel L. , Stewart Dale , Barbour James
Published: September 2016

A 39-year-old man presented with new onset right hemiparesis and aphasia within an hour of using approximately 120 mL lidocaine 4% topical solution intranasally. Lidocaine had been prescribed over a 3-week period for pain due to multiple debridements of the nasal septum. A total of 650 mL of 4% lidocaine (26 g) had been dispensed to the patient during this time. The patient had a significant history of drug abuse, including snorting crushed tablets. Otherwise he was a healthy man with no chronic diseases or conditions. On arrival, and from previous exams, EKGs were normal without conduction delays. Electrolytes and CBC results were within normal range. The MRI/MRA showed a new thrombus with left middle cerebral artery distribution affecting one-third of the brain mass, including brain stem. Lidocaine likely contributed to cardiovascular embolic development, possibly from a sudden drop in blood pressure and known cardiovascular effects of sodium channel blockade. The patient expired from acute respiratory failure secondary to brainstem damage. Solutions of topical lidocaine should not be prescribed for use on open wounds or abraded skin as drug absorption will be increased, especially in highly vascularized nasal passages.
Elbasvir/Grazoprevir
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Kim Anne P. , Baker Danial E.
Published: September 2016

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. The September 2016 monograph topics are barictinib, buprenorphine implants, sarilumab, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, and cholera vaccine, live, oral. The Safey MUE is on sofosbuvir/velpatasvir.
Is dark energy – an alias of cosmic rotational kinetic energy?
Authors: UV Satya Seshavatharam , S Lakshminarayana
Published: September 2016

Considering Planck scale and Mach’s principle, theoretically it is possible to show that magnitude of the currently believed dark energy is equal to the magnitude of current cosmic rotational kinetic energy.
Analysis of Stress Relief Effect by Use of Aroma-Therapeutic Textiles
Authors: Mehta Sunidhi , MacGillivray Maureen S.
Published: September 2016

The efficacy of aroma-therapeutic textiles was quantified by gauging the psychophysiological responses of twenty female subjects exposed to treated as well as untreated textile specimens. In congruence with previous studies, statistical analysis of the psychophysiological responses showed stress relief in subjects after exposure to the essential oils. Aroma-therapeutic textiles in this study were developed by finishing 100% cotton fabric with β-cyclodextrin and one of two essential oils using the sol-gel method. The comparative SEM analysis of treated versus untreated textiles revealed the presence of treatment materials on the surface of the cotton fabric.
The therapeutic agents that target ATP-sensitive potassium channels
Authors: Rubaiy Hussein N.
Published: September 2016

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are a major drug target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. KATP channels are ubiquitously expressed and link the metabolic state to electrical excitability. In pancreatic β-cells, KATP channels are crucial in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Also, KATP channels are involved in the protection against neuronal seizures and ischaemic stress in the heart, brain and in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone. Functional KATP channels are hetero-octamers composed of two subunits, a pore forming Kir6, which is a member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channels family, and a regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR). In response to nucleotides and pharmaceutical agonists and antagonists, SUR allosterically regulates channel gating. The allosteric communication pathways between these two heterologus proteins in KATP channels are still poorly understood. This review will highlight the therapeutic agents that target KATP channels and are used to treat diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Decay of solutions to a fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Saanouni Tarek
Published: September 2016

Let

u
∈

C
⁢

(
ℝ
,

H
2

)

${u\in C(\mathbb{R},H^{2})}$

be the solution to the initial value problem for a fourth-order semi-linear Schrödinger equation with pure power nonlinearity. We prove that some

L
r

${L^{r}}$

-norms
of u decay as

t
→

±
∞

${t\to\pm\infty}$

.
Are Invisible Hands Good Hands in Health Care Markets? Extension
Authors: Wang Hao
Published: September 2016

A previous study finds that increased competition in health care markets improves social welfare, although consumers use “too much” health care when they have health insurance. The analysis assumes that consumers have a constant Arrow-Pratt coefficient of absolute risk aversion. This note shows that this finding can be extended to the case where consumers are simply risk averse. Furthermore, if insurers offered insurance policies with slightly lower usage prices than the equilibrium level, social welfare would be improved.
Occurrence of Talavera aperta (Miller, 1971) (Araneae: Salticidae) in Poland
Authors: Rozwałka Robert , Rutkowski Tomasz , Sienkiewicz Paweł , Renn Katarzyna
Published: September 2016

Talavera aperta is a rare member of the Salticidae (jumping spiders). Its presence in Poland has been questioned. This paper presents data on 20 new localities of this poorly known species and a map of its distribution in western and central Poland. Detailed drawings of the male body, male palps and the female epigynum are also provided. T. aperta was usually collected from dry, sunny habitats, mostly in June, although some specimens were recorded in other months. In winter, spiders of this species were found in shells of small snails (Cepaea spp., Helicella obvia).
Protein pattern of canola (Brassica napus L.) changes in response to salt and salicylic acid in vitro
Authors: Razavizadeh Roya
Published: September 2016

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the salt (NaCl) tolerance mechanism was studied in canola plants (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) by molecular and physiological experiments in plant tissue culture. Seeds of B. napus ‘Ocapy’ were germinated at 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different levels (0, 2, and 5 μM) of SA for 4 weeks. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid content increased in response to interactive effects of SA and NaCl treatments at some concentrations. Proline content was increased under salt and SA treatments in shoot and root tissues. Salt alone and in combination with SA increased the total soluble protein content of shoots only, while the different concentrations of SA in the culture media affected variously the total soluble protein content. Protein patterns of shoots and roots showed some remarkable differences, based on gel electrophoresis and the consequent analysis of bands by ImageJ program. The relative expression of 15 and 12 protein bands in shoots and roots, respectively, differed under the applied treatments. In addition, the protein profile indicated that salinity and SA regulate the expression of salt-stress-inducible proteins as well as induced de novo synthesis of specific polypeptides. The findings may help to explain the salt tolerance mechanisms and to produce salt-tolerant canola plants.
Jurassic animals and algae in the flooring of Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Poznań
Authors: Antczak Mateusz
Published: September 2016

The flooring of Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Poznań is made of Jurassic rocks from the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (also known as Holy Cross Mountains) and contain abundant marine invertebrate fossils: sponges, bivalves, brachiopods, various families of cephalopods, etc. Some of them can be identified to the genus level. The fossils make it possible to describe the environment and ecosystem of the Jurassic sea and biostratigraphy of the sediment. There are also some significant inorganic structures, which suggest post-diagenetic tectonic movements.
Fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel diseases: update and perspectives
Authors: Manceau Hana , Chicha-Cattoir Valérie , Puy Hervé , Peoc’h Katell
Published: September 2016

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic diseases that result from the inflammation of the intestinal wall, suspected in any patient presenting with intestinal symptoms. Until recently, the diagnosis was mainly based on both clinical and endoscopic arguments. The use of an easy, fast, reliable, non-invasive, and inexpensive biological assay is mandatory not only in diagnosis but also in evolutionary and therapeutic monitoring. To date, the fecal calprotectin is the most documented in this perspective. This marker allows the discrimination between functional and organic bowel processes with good performance. The determination of the fecal calprotectin level contributes to the evaluation of the degree of disease activity and to monitoring of therapeutic response.
The EU’s Maritime Security Strategy: a Neo-Medieval Perspective on the Limits of Soft Security?
Authors: Flynn Brendan
Published: September 2016

This paper offers a critical interpretation of the EU’s recent Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) of 2014, making distinctions between hard and soft conceptions of maritime security. The theoretical approach employed invokes the ‘EU as neo-medieval empire’ (Bull 1977: 254-255; Rennger 2006; Zielonka 2006). By this account, the main objectives of EU maritime strategy are stability and encouragement of globalised maritime trade flows to be achieved using the classic instruments of ‘soft maritime security’. While replete with great possibilities, the EU’s maritime security strategy is likely to be a relatively weak maritime security regime, which suffers from a number of important limits.
There are genus one curves of every index over every infinite, finitely generated field
Authors: Clark Pete L. , Lacy Allan
Published: September 2016

We show that a nontrivial abelian variety over a Hilbertian field in which the weak Mordell–Weil theorem holds admits infinitely many torsors with period any given

n
>
1

n>1

that is not divisible by the characteristic. The corresponding statement with “period” replaced by “index” is plausible but open, and it seems much more challenging. We show that for every infinite, finitely generated field K, there is an elliptic curve

E

/
K

E_{/K}

which admits infinitely many torsors with index any given

n
>
1

n>1

.
Representations of categories of G-maps
Authors: Sam Steven V , Snowden Andrew
Published: September 2016

We study representations of wreath product analogues of categories of finite sets. This includes the category of finite sets and injections (studied by Church, Ellenberg, and Farb) and the opposite of the category of finite sets and surjections (studied by the authors in previous work). We prove noetherian properties for the injective version when the group in question is polycyclic-by-finite and use it to deduce general twisted homological stability results for such wreath products and indicate some applications to representation stability. We introduce a new class of formal languages (quasi-ordered languages) and use them to deduce strong rationality properties of Hilbert series of representations for the surjective version when the group is finite.
Transformation of Long Waves in a Canal of Variable Section
Authors: Szmidt Kazimierz , Hedzielski Benedykt
Published: September 2016

The paper deals with long water waves propagating in a straight canal of constant depth and variable section. In the formulation of this problem, a simplified, one-dimensional model is considered that is based on the assumption of a “columnar” fluid motion. To this end, a system of material coordinates is employed as independent variables in the description of this phenomenon. The main attention is focused on transient solutions corresponding to a fluid motion starting from rest.With respect to the initial value problem considered,we confine our attention to a finite domain fluid motion induced by a piston-type generator placed at the beginning of the canal. For a finite elapse of time, measured from the starting point, the solution in the finite fluid area mimics a solution within an infinite domain, inherent for wave propagation problems. The main goal of our investigations is to describe the evolution of the free surface (the wave height) at the smallest section of the canal. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model formulation developed in this paper. The accuracy of this approximate description is assessed by comparing its results with data obtained in hydraulic experiments performed in a laboratory flume.
The Self-assembled Deposition on the Surface of Mono-crystalline Silicon Induced by High-Current Pulsed Electron Beam
Authors: Conglin Zhang , Qingfeng Guan , Jie Chen , Pengcheng Yan , Peng Lv
Published: September 2016

High-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) technique was applied to irradiate the surface of mono-crystalline silicon wafers. Surface microstructures of the irradiated surface were investigated in detail by atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The experimental results show that HCPEB irradiation with energy density 4 J/cm2 caused evaporation of the irradiated surface. Subsequently, the evaporation Si-droplets was deposited to form Si-nanoparticles on the surface. Meanwhile, the structures of intensive plastic deformation were also introduced within the irradiated surface layer. The dislocation configurations with rectangular and approximate hexagonal network were formed on the surface of Si wafer after 5-pulsed irradiation. The periodic self-deposited structures appear to be related to the configuration of regular dislocations arrays, which were favorable locations for the deposited Si-nanoparticles.
Influence of Ti on the Hot Ductility of High-manganese Austenitic Steels
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Liu Jianhua , Wu Bowei , Su Xiaofeng , Li Shiqi , Ding Hao
Published: September 2016

The influence of Ti addition (~0.10 wt%) on hot ductility of as-cast high-manganese austenitic steels has been examined over the temperature range 650–1,250 °C under a constant strain rate of 10−3 s−1 using Gleeble3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The fracture surfaces and particles precipitated at different tensile temperatures were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Hot ductility as a function of reduction curves shows that adding 0.10 wt% Ti made the ductility worse in the almost entire range of testing temperatures. The phases’ equilibrium diagrams of precipitates in Ti-bearing high-Mn austenitic steel were calculated by the Thermo-Calc software. The calculation result shows that 0.1 wt% Ti addition would cause Ti(C,N) precipitated at 1,499 °C, which is higher than the liquidus temperature of high-Mn austenitic steel. It indicated that Ti(C,N) particles start forming in the liquid high-Mn austenitic steel. The SEM–EDS results show that Ti(C,N) and TiC particles could be found along the austenite grain boundaries or at triple junction, and they would accelerate the extension of the cracks along the grain boundaries.
Power Factor Improvement for Pumping Stations using Capacitor Banks
Authors: Mohamad M. M. , Abd El-gawad Amal F. , Ramadan H. S.
Published: September 2016

One of the fundamental problems affects the performance of pumping stations is its relative high operational cost. As three-phase induction motors are the main prime mover of pumping stations and considered the most widely used electrical motors due to their reliability, ease of maintenance. However, its major problem is the low power factor which results in high electric energy consumption. Energy will be saved when power factor is improved. The main objective of this paper is studying the power factor improvement in El sadaa Pumping Station because of its low operating efficiency which goes from 20 % to 25 %and calculating penalty, ponus and savings in each cases. The correction is achieved by the addition of capacitor banks in parallel with the connected motor circuits and can be applied to the starter, applied at the switchboard or the distribution panel. A model of this station is created using MatlabTM Simulink. Then the determination of induction motor parameters is performed. The station model is discussed. From the simulation results, the power factor enhancement of the pumping station is highlighted.
The structure group of an L-algebra is torsion-free
Authors: Rump Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

L-algebras arise in algebraic logic, in the
theory of one-sided lattice-ordered groups, and in connection with
set-theoretic solutions of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. They apply in
several ways to Garside groups. For example, the set of
primitive elements, the set of simple elements, and the negative cone of a
Garside group are all L-algebras. Picantin’s iterated crossed product
decomposition of Garside groups can be reformulated and extended in terms of
L-algebras. It is proved that the structure group of an
L-algebra, introduced in connection with the “logic” of

ℓ

${\ell}$

-groups, is
torsion-free. This applies to the left group of fractions of not
necessarily noetherian, Garside-like monoids which need not embed into their
ambient group.
An a posteriori mollification method for the heat equation backward in time
Authors: Duc Nguyen Van
Published: September 2016

The heat equation backward in time

u
t

=

u

x
⁢
x

,

x
∈
ℝ

,

t
∈

(
0
,
T
)

,

∥

u
⁢

(
⋅
,
T
)

-

φ
⁢

(
⋅
)

∥

L
p

⁢

(
ℝ
)

⩽
ε

,

u_{t}=u_{xx},\quad x\in\mathbb{R},\,t\in(0,T\/),\qquad\|u(\,\cdot\,,T\/)-%
\varphi(\,\cdot\,)\|_{L_{p}(\mathbb{R})}\leqslant\varepsilon,

subject to the constraint

∥

u
⁢

(
⋅
,
0
)

∥

L
p

⁢

(
ℝ
)

⩽
E

{\|u(\,\cdot\,,0)\|_{L_{p}(\mathbb{R})}\leqslant E}

, with

T
>
0

{T>0}

,

φ
∈

L
p

⁢

(
ℝ
)

{\varphi\in L_{p}(\mathbb{R})}

,

0
<
ε
<
E

{0<\varepsilon<E}

,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1

0

,

u_{t}^{\nu}=u_{xx}^{\nu},\quad x\in\mathbb{R},\,t\in(0,T\/),\qquad u^{\nu}(x,T%
\/)=S_{\nu}(\varphi)(x),\quad\nu>0,

where

S
ν

⁢

(
φ
)

⁢

(
x
)

=

1
π

⁢

∫

-
∞

+
∞

sin
⁡

(

ν
⁢
y

)

y

⁢
φ
⁢

(

x
-
y

)

⁢

𝑑
y

.

S_{\nu}(\varphi)(x)=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{\sin(\nu y)}{y}%
\varphi(x-y)\,dy.

An a posteriori parameter choice rule for this regularization method is suggested, which yields the error
estimate

∥

u
⁢

(
⋅
,
t
)

-

u
ν

⁢

(
⋅
,
t
)

∥

L
p

⁢

(
ℝ
)

⩽

c
⁢

ε

t
/
T

⁢

E

1
-

t
/
T

 

for all 
⁢
t

∈

[
0
,
T
]

.

\|u(\,\cdot\,,t)-u^{\nu}(\,\cdot\,,t)\|_{L_{p}(\mathbb{R})}\leqslant c%
\varepsilon^{t/T}E^{1-t/T}\quad\text{for all }t\in[0,T].

Furthermore, we establish stability estimates of Hölder type for all derivatives of the solutions with respect to x and t.
Effect of Flux Composition on the Percentage Elongation and Tensile Strength of Welds in Submerged Arc Welding
Authors: Singh Brijpal , Khan Zahid A. , Siddiquee A.N. , Maheswari Sachin , Sharma Satish Kumar
Published: September 2016

This experimental study reveals the effects of CaF2, FeMn and NiO additions to the base fluxes on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the weld metal. The aim of this study is to develop suitable flux for mild steel for high tensile strength, impact strength and ductility. Bead on plate welds were made using submerged arc welding process. Mathematical model for percentage elongation and UTS of mild steel welds were made. The elements transfer to the welds have been correlated with the above mechanical performance characteristics. The effect of oxygen content on weld elongation and UTS also has been deduced. This study shows that CaF2 and NiO are the significant factors for tensile strength while FeMn is not significant for tensile strength. However, for elongation besides CaF2, the interaction of CaF2 and FeMn was also found significant. The effects of basicity index of the flux and carbon equivalent of the welds on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welds have also been evaluated.
Finite Element Modeling of Material Fatigue and Cracking Problems for Steam Power System HP Devices Exposed to Thermal Shocks
Authors: Pawlicki Jakub , Marek Piotr , Zwoliński Janisław
Published: September 2016

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the material damaging process due to low-cycle fatigue and subsequent crack growth under thermal shocks and high pressure. Finite Element Method (FEM) model of a high pressure (HP) by-pass valve body and a steam turbine rotor shaft (used in a coal power plant) is presented. The main damaging factor in both cases is fatigue due to cycles of rapid temperature changes. The crack initiation, occurring at a relatively low number of load cycles, depends on alternating or alternating-incremental changes in plastic strains. The crack propagation is determined by the classic fracture mechanics, based on finite element models and the most dangerous case of brittle fracture. This example shows the adaptation of the structure to work in the ultimate conditions of high pressure, thermal shocks and cracking.
Reoperations for Intraabdominal Bleeding Following Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Figiel Wojciech , Grąt Michał , Wronka Karolina M. , Patkowski Waldemar , Krasnodębski Maciej , Masior Łukasz , Stypułkowski Jan , Grąt Karolina , Krawczyk Marek
Published: September 2016

Intraabdominal hemorrhage remains one of the most frequent surgical complications after liver transplantation.

The aim of the study was to evaluate risk factors for intraabdominal bleeding requiring reoperation and to assess the relevance of the reoperations with respect to short- and long-term outcomes following liver transplantation.

Material and methods. Data of 603 liver transplantations performed in the Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery in the period between January 2011 and September 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Study end-points comprised: reoperation due to bleeding and death during the first 90 postoperative days and between 90 postoperative day and third post-transplant year.

Results. Reoperations for intraabdominal bleeding were performed after 45 out of 603 (7.5%) transplantations. Low pre-transplant hemoglobin was the only independent predictor of reoperation (p=0.002) with the cut-off of 11.3 g/dl. Postoperative 90-day mortality was significantly higher in patients undergoing reoperation as compared to the remaining patients (15.6% vs 5.6%, p=0.008). Post-transplant survival from 90 days to 3 years was non-significantly lower in patients after reoperation for bleeding (83.3%) as compared to the remaining patients (92.2%, p=0.096). Nevertheless, multivariable analyses did not reveal any significant negative impact of reoperations for bleeding on short-term mortality (p=0.589) and 3-year survival (p=0.079).

Conclusions. Surgical interventions due to postoperative intraabdominal hemorrhage do not appear to affect short- and long-term outcomes following liver transplantation. Preoperative hemoglobin concentration over 11.3 g/dl is associated with decreased risk of this complication, yet the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is doubtful
Personality Traits and Decision on Breast Reconstruction in Women after Mastectomy
Authors: Miśkiewicz Halina , Antoszewski Bogusław , Iljin Aleksandra
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was evaluation of the correlation between selected personality traits in women after mastectomy and their decision on breast reconstruction.

Material and methods. The study was conducted between 2013‑2015, in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, and Department of Oncological and Breast Surgery, CZMP. Comparative analysis comprised 40 patients, in whom mastectomy and breast reconstruction was done, and 40 women after breast amputation, who did not undergo reconstructive surgery. Basing on self-constructed questionnaire, five features of personality were evaluated in these women: pursue of success in life, ability to motivate others, openness to other people, impact of belonging to a social group on sense of security and the importance of opinion of others about the respondent. Apart from the questionnaire, in both groups of women a psychologic tool was used (SUPIN S30 and C30 tests) to determine the intensity of positive and negative emotions.

Results. Women who did not choose the reconstructive option were statistically significantly older at mastectomy than women who underwent breast reconstruction. There were statistically significant differences between both groups in response to question on being open to other people and value of other people’s opinion. The differences in responses to question on the impact of belonging to a social group on personal sense of safety were hardly statistically significant. In psychometric studies there were significant differences in responses to SUPIN C30 test for negative emotions and S-30 for positive emotions. The level of negative emotions - feature of group A was in 47.5% in the range of high scores and in 47.5% within low and low-average scores. Among women from group B 57.5% had high scores, while 37.5% low and average scores. There were significant differences in the results of positive emotions evaluation in S-30. Women who did not undergo breast reconstruction usually had high scores, while those who decided on reconstructive surgery usually had low scores and low-high scores.

Conclusions. 1. The decision on breast reconstruction after mastectomy is connected with personality features of patients. Introvert women, who base their self-opinion on opinion of others and their sense of security on belonging to a social group, rarely choose to undergo breast reconstruction. 2. Younger patients after mastectomy more frequently choose the breast reconstructive option. 3. A special algorithm of medical and psychological care in patients after mastectomy should be created to improve their further quality of life.
Innovations in the continuing professional development of foreign language teachers: from blended learning to visual-based learning, choices of emotional and instructional designs
Authors: Toci Valentina
Published: September 2016

In this study, starting from the profile of our trainees and from the risks highlighted by some studies in terms of the use of video in education, we will analyse the motivations and choices behind the development of the online training model for Foreign Language teachers. We will show how, in order to cope with the impossibility of continuing with blended training, we were directed to a model more closely linked with visual-based learning. We explain our instructional and emotional design choices to support and direct our teacher trainees to flexible learning and the use of media and Web 2.0 in their classrooms. Finally, we investigate the possible problems in terms of sustainability and technical feasibility, comparing the development of two prototypes of videos made using the techniques of video scribing and whiteboard animation: a video interview and a video animation.
“Avanguardie Educative”: paths of innovation for schools
Authors: Laici Chiara , Orlandini Lorenza
Published: September 2016

This article presents “Avanguardie Educative” (http://avanguardieeducative.indire.it/), a cultural movement founded to gather the most significant experiences of organizational and educational innovation in Italian schools and encourage transformation of the traditional lecture-based school model. With the aim of supporting an innovation process that has emerged from bottom -up reasoning, INDIRE (National Institute for Documentation, Innovation and Educational Research) and 22 founder member schools (advanced schools) have produced a manifesto based on seven pillars that inspired the “Gallery of 12 Ideas” -experiences of innovation re-elaborated by researchers based on experience gained in certain Italian schools, which, some time ago, began to gradually change the organization, school time and space for teaching in ways that would encourage pupils to take an active role in teaching -learning processes. The Avanguardie Educative movement currently includes 416 schools that are trying out the ideas, with support from the advanced schools and INDIRE, aided by a blended coaching process designed to build a professional community of practice.
Digital artefacts to change the teacher’s practices
Authors: Pentucci Maila
Published: September 2016

The change imposed by the diffusion of information and communications technology concerns didactic transposition practices, especially in the context of ‘public subjects’, such as taught history, because their epistemological paradigms are also affected by the mediatization process which they are subjected to in the Web.

Digital competence is essential for building a meaningful curriculum of history, which could generate relevant knowledge for the contemporary world through digital artefacts that can start the change in didactic practices.

The traditional analogical supports, primarily the text books, could be overtaken by the aggregation of technological mediators. The digital mediators can make historical culture both evident and significant, and they can support the intellectual training that history asks of students.
Unintentional Receptive Ecumenism: From Ecclesial Margins to Ecumenical Exemplar – A New Zealand Case Study
Authors: Pratt Douglas
Published: September 2016

The Community Church of St John the Evangelist, situated on a relatively remote island off the east coast of New Zealand, is a unique ecumenical venture supported by the Anglican, Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. This paper describes and situates this venture and discusses its development and modus vivendi in light of the paradigm of receptive ecumenism. This paradigm did not feature in the thinking of those who established this ecumenical community church; nevertheless it is argued that the paradigm aptly applies, so yielding the phenomenon of an unintentional receptive ecumenism at work.
The Assessment of short-term effect of L-Citrulline on endothelial function via FMD to NMD ratio in known CAD patients: A randomized, cross-over clinical trial (Clinical trial number: NCT02638727)
Authors: Safi Morteza , Mahjoob Mohammad Parsa , Nateghi Saeed , Khaheshi Isa , Akbarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Naderian Mohammadreza
Published: September 2016

Background. Recent studies have confirmed the essential and paramount role of the L-Citrulline on the nitric oxide regulation and the endothelial function improvement.

Materials and Methods. In this cross-over clinical trial, thirty patients, diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and flow mediated dilation to nitroglycerin dependent vasodilation (FMD/NMD) ratio less than 1, were included. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients and underwent treatment by L-Citrulline or placebo for 15 days, in 2 step protocol. The indicators of assessment in the current study were the ratio of the FMD/NMD and FMD value.

Results. In the current cross-over clinical trial, the mean of FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value of all patients before starting the protocol were 0.91 ± 0.08 and 4.04 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The final results of study showed that following L-Citrulline administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were enhanced to: 1.03 ± 0.09 and 4.96 ± 0.72 mm, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, following placebo administration, mean FMD to NMD ratio and mean FMD value were receded to: 0.92 ± 0.09 and 4.06 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.75 and P = 0.89, respectively). Moreover, the improvement of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.12 ± 0.02) and mean FMD value (0.92 ± 0.16 mm), following L-Citrulline administration, were statistically significant in comparison with the change of mean FMD to NMD ratio (0.01 ± 0.002) and mean FMD value (0.02 ± 0.003), following placebo administration (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion. L-Citrulline treatment can lead to improvement of the endothelial function in patients diagnosed with CAD which are assessed via FMD to NMD ratio FMD value enhancements.
Iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia in obese patients
Authors: Arshad Mahmoud , Jaberian Sara , Pazouki Abdolreza , Riazi Sajedeh , Rangraz Maryam Aghababa , Mokhber Somayyeh
Published: September 2016

Background. The association between obesity and different types of anemia remained uncertain. The present study aimed to assess the relation between obesity parameters and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia and also megaloblastic anemia among Iranian population.

Methods and Materials. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1252 patients with morbid obesity that randomly selected from all patients referred to Clinic of obesity at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in 2014. The morbid obesity was defined according to the guideline as body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 40 kg/m2. Various laboratory parameters including serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were assessed using the standard laboratory techniques.

Results. BMI was adversely associated with serum vitamin B12, but not associated with other hematologic parameters. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 9.8%. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was independent to patients’ age and also to body mass index. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was totally 20.9%. According to the multivariable logistic regression model, no association was revealed between BMI and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia adjusting gender and age. A similar regression model showed that higher BMI could predict occurrence of vitamin B12 deficiency in morbid obese patients.

Conclusion. Although iron deficiency is a common finding among obese patients, vitamin B12 deficiency is more frequent so about one-fifth of these patients suffer vitamin B12 deficiency. In fact, the exacerbation of obesity can result in exacerbation of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Risk in General Equilibrium: Temporality and Performativity in the Ontology of Finance
Authors: Boldyrev Ivan
Published: September 2016

This paper reconstructs the ontology of finance as it is presented in Kenneth Arrow’s general equilibrium model of contingent commodities. The fundamental notion of modern finance, ‘Arrow securities’ (paying one monetary unit contingent upon a certain future event and nothing otherwise) is considered an elementary Luhmannian code of the economic. The performative, self-implementing tendencies in general equilibrium analysis are reinterpreted in view of the joint risk design as conceived by Dirk Baecker. Creating new (markets for) risks to control the future can be, on the one hand, traced back/justified with reference to Arrow’s world of contingent commodities and, on the other, rationalized as a way of adjusting the economic system and moving reality closer to its theoretical portrayal. I also associate the creation of the new ‘risk structures’ with the new overarching temporality inviting us to tame uncertainty and govern the future.
Der Hiatus – zur Spiegelbildlichkeit der Forschungsprogramme Latours und Luhmanns
Authors: Vogd Werner
Published: September 2016

In seinem Spätwerk „Enquête sur les modes d’existence“ bricht Bruno Latour mit der actor network theory bzw. erweitert diese in Richtung einer Theorie unterschiedlicher Sinn- bzw. Wertsphären, die auf den ersten Blick der von Luhmann entwickelten Theorie der funktionalen Differenzierung zu ähneln scheint. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Frage nach dem Verhältnis der beiden Theorieprogramme. Zunächst wird deutlich, dass zwei unterschiedliche Ausgangspunkte genommen werden. Latour beginnt beim Realismus naturalisierter Netzwerke, Luhmann bei der Reflexivität von Sinnprozessen. Wie auch immer, beide landen bei dem gleichen Bezugsproblem – der konditionierten Koproduktion –, das sie zur Erweiterung der Theorieanlage zwingt. Der von Latour mit den ‚Existenzweisen‘ entwickelte Lösungsversuch wird ausführlich vorgestellt. Am Beispiel der Felder ‚Religion‘ und ‚Wirtschaft‘ wird aufgezeigt, welche Einsichten hierdurch möglich werden. Latours und Luhmanns Zugänge erscheinen gewissermaßen spiegelbildlich, was sich nicht zuletzt auch in der unterschiedlichen Pointierung der Rolle des soziologischen Beobachters zeigt.
Concepts in multimodal discourse analysis with examples from video conferencing
Authors: Norris Sigrid
Published: September 2016

This article presents theoretical concepts and methodological tools from multimodal (inter)action analysis that allow the reader to gain new insight into the study of discourse and interaction. The data for this article comes from a video ethnographic study (with emphasis on the video data) of 17 New Zealand families (inter)acting with family members via skype or facetime across the globe. In all, 84 social actors participated in the study, ranging in age from infant to 84 years old. The analysis part of the project, with data collected between December 2014 and December 2015, is ongoing. The data presented here was collected in December 2014 and has gone through various stages of analysis, ranging from general, intermediate to micro analysis.

Using the various methodological tools and emphasising the notion of mediation, the article demonstrates how a New Zealand participant first pays focused attention to his engagement in the research project. He then performs a semantic/pragmatic means, indicating a shift in his focused attention. Here, it is demonstrated that a new focus builds up incrementally: As the participant begins to focus on the skype (inter)action with his sister and nieces, modal density increases and he establishes an emotive closeness. At this point, the technology that mediates the interaction is only a mundane aspect, taken for granted by the participants.
Magic and Maledictions: Zechariah 5,1–4 in its ancient Near Eastern Context
Authors: Cranz Isabel
Published: September 2016

For almost a century biblical scholars have commented on the magical nature of Zechariah’s curse vision (Zechariah 5,1–4). In this vision, the prophet witnesses a flying scroll which represents a curse pronounced by God (Zech 5,1–4). Recent insights concerning the rationale of magic and the function of curses allow us to take a new look at this vision and evaluate how the prophetic author matched the elements of writing and speech to create a sense of magic. For this purpose, Zechariah 5,1–4 will be read against the backdrop of ancient Near Eastern, Levantine and biblical curse traditions. This paper shows how the prophetic author drew on curse traditions of the past to shape his ideas about God’s role in an ideal future in which the wicked would become subject to divine punishment.
Evolution of Mutation Rates in Rapidly Adapting Asexual Populations
Authors: Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M
Published: September 2016

Mutator and antimutator alleles often arise and spread in both natural microbial populations and laboratory evolution experiments. The evolutionary dynamics of these mutation rate modifiers are determined by indirect selection on linked beneficial and deleterious mutations. These indirect selection pressures have been the focus of much earlier theoretical and empirical work, but we still have a limited analytical understanding of how the interplay between hitchhiking and deleterious load influences the fates of modifier alleles. Our understanding is particularly limited when clonal interference is common, which is the regime of primary interest in laboratory microbial evolution experiments. Here, we calculate the fixation probability of a mutator or antimutator allele in a rapidly adapting asexual population, and we show how this quantity depends on the population size, the beneficial and deleterious mutation rates, and the strength of a typical driver mutation. In the absence of deleterious mutations, we find that clonal interference enhances the fixation probability of mutators, even as they provide a diminishing benefit to the overall rate of adaptation. When deleterious mutations are included, natural selection pushes the population toward a stable mutation rate that can be suboptimal for the adaptation of the population as a whole. The approach to this stable mutation rate is not necessarily monotonic: even in the absence of epistasis, selection can favor mutator and antimutator alleles that “overshoot” the stable mutation rate by substantial amounts.