bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coming out for Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays: From support group grieving to love advocacy
Authors: Broad KL
Published: August 2011

This article traces how a 1990s’ US social movement organization, PFLAG (Parents, Friends and Family of Lesbians and Gays) constitutes itself and its work by extending the story of coming out via particular emotional promises featured in its motivational framing. I trace how PFLAG’s motivational framing carefully balances a call to participate in terms of grief with a call to action in terms of love, thereby offering potential participants the ‘emotional promise’ of getting beyond negative feelings of homophobia to restore and celebrate the love for their offspring. I show how this motivational framing is tied to PFLAG’s dual mission of support and advocacy. Finally I discuss how these emotional framings are tied to two political logics resonating in LGBT movement work at the time, noting that love operates well to motivate an identity logic (‘supporting LGBT people’) but does not work as well to motivate an interest-group logic (‘fighting for LGBT equality’).
Initial Experience With Transradial Access for Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Mendiz Oscar A. , Sampaolesi Alberto H. , Londero Hugo F. , Fava Carlos M. , Lev Gustavo A. , Valdivieso Leon R.
Published: August 2011

We report our experience using transradial access (TRA) for carotid artery stenting (CAS). Eighty-eight patients underwent CAS using a nonfemoral approach, 79 of them by TRA. Carotid artery stenting was performed using standard techniques with a long hydrophilic sheath. Mean age was 69.5 years. A total of 46 patients were symptomatic and 34 were asymptomatic. Transradial access and procedural success were achieved in 98.8% and 96.6% of the cases, respectively. There were no deaths, myocardial infarction, or radial access site complications. In all, 2 patients sustained a stroke, 1 hemorrhage, and 1 ischemia. Carotid artery stenting using TRA was safe and technically feasible.
Degenerative (True) Superficial Temporal Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report With Review of Literature
Authors: Mousa Albeir Y. , Jain Akhilesh K. , Campbell John E. , Stone Patrick A. , AbuRahma Ali F.
Published: August 2011

This is a case report of a 72-year-old female who presented to our clinic with right temple mass that was found incidentally on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her head about 2 years ago, as part of a stroke workup. However, it was thought to be a sebaceous cyst and left as such. The patient then experienced a rapid increase in the size of the mass about 2 weeks prior to her presentation to us. On examination, she had a 2 × 2 cm pulsating aneurysmal mass over the right temporal fossa, which was felt to be an aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery and was confirmed by a color duplex ultrasound examination. Open surgical resection with primary ligation of both proximal and distal branches was achieved under local anesthesia. Pathology confirmed a true (degenerative) aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. Her postoperative course was uneventful. This case report describes this rare entity along with a review of the literature.
Asymmetric Induction Arising from Enantiomerically Enriched Carbon-13 Isotopomers and Highly Sensitive Chiral Discrimination by Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Soai Kenso
Published: August 2011

Carbon-isotope chirality generated only by the substitution of carbon-13/carbon-12 can be amplified to enantioenriched 5-pyrimidyl alkanol by asymmetric autocatalysis, in which an extremely low enantiomeric excess (ca. 0.00005% ee) can automultiply during three consecutive reactions to >99.5% ee. Chiral carbon-isotopomers can act as a chiral trigger in the reaction between pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and diisopropylzinc to induce a small enantioselectivity in the resulting asymmetric autocatalyst, whose enantiomeric excess can be enhanced significantly by the subsequent asymmetric autocatalysis. Asymmetric autocatalysis has the enormous power to recognize the isotope chirality arising from the small difference between carbon (13C/12C) and hydrogen (D/H) isotopes. The tiny chiral influence in the hydrogen isotopically chiral amino acids such as glycine can be recognized and amplified by asymmetric autocatalysis. Furthermore, asymmetric autocatalysis can be applied to the highly sensitive chiral discrimination of cryptochiral compounds such as saturated quaternary hydrocarbon and isotactic polystyrene. Circularly polarized light, which is considered a possible candidate for the origin of chirality, acts as the chiral initiator in asymmetric autocatalysis, affording highly enantioenriched products with the absolute configuration correlated to the helicity of CPL. In addition, chiral crystals formed from achiral organic compounds can act as chiral initiators of asymmetric autocatalytic amplification of ee to afford enantioenriched (S)- and (R)-5-pyrimidyl alkanols corresponding to the solid-state chirality in chiral crystals.
Tight Approximation Algorithms for Maximum Separable Assignment Problems
Authors: Fleischer Lisa , Goemans Michel X. , Mirrokni Vahab S. , Sviridenko Maxim
Published: August 2011

A separable assignment problem (SAP) is defined by a set of bins and a set of items to pack in each bin; a value, fij, for assigning item j to bin i; and a separate packing constraint for each bin—i.e., for each bin, a family of subsets of items that fit in to that bin. The goal is to pack items into bins to maximize the aggregate value. This class of problems includes the maximum generalized assignment problem (GAP)1 and a distributed caching problem (DCP) described in this paper.

Given a β-approximation algorithm for finding the highest value packing of a single bin, we give

A polynomial-time LP-rounding based ((1 − 1/e)β)-approximation algorithm. A simple polynomial-time local search (β/(β + 1) − ε)-approximation algorithm, for any ε > 0.

Therefore, for all examples of SAP that admit an approximation scheme for the single-bin problem, we obtain an LP-based algorithm with (1 − 1/e − ε)-approximation and a local search algorithm with (½ - ε)-approximation guarantee. Furthermore, for cases in which the subproblem admits a fully polynomial approximation scheme (such as for GAP), the LP-based algorithm analysis can be strengthened to give a guarantee of 1 − 1/e. The best previously known approximation algorithm for GAP is a ½-approximation by Shmoys and Tardos and Chekuri and Khanna. Our LP algorithm is based on rounding a new linear programming relaxation, with a provably better integrality gap.

To complement these results, we show that SAP and DCP cannot be approximated within a factor better than 1 − 1/e unless NP ⫅ DTIME(nO(log log n)), even if there exists a polynomial-time exact algorithm for the single-bin problem.

We extend the (1 − 1/e)-approximation algorithm to a constant-factor approximation algorithms for a nonseparable assignment problem with applications in maximizing revenue for budget-constrained combinatorial auctions and the AdWords assignment problem. We generalize the local search algorithm to yield a ½ - ε approximation algorithm for the maximum k-median problem with hard capacities.
Equilibrium Blocking in Large Quasilinear Economies
Authors: Kamishiro Yusuke , Serrano Roberto
Published: August 2011

We study information transmission in large interim quasilinear economies using the theory of the core. We concentrate on the core with respect to equilibrium blocking, a core notion in which information is transmitted endogenously within coalitions, because blocking can be understood as an equilibrium of a communication mechanism used by players in coalitions. We focus on independent replicas of the basic economy. We offer both negative and positive convergence results as a function of the complexity of the mechanisms used by coalitions. Furthermore, all of the results are robust to the relaxation of the incentive constraints. Results for ex post and signal-based replica processes are also obtained.
Convergence of Stationary Points of Sample Average Two-Stage Stochastic Programs: A Generalized Equation Approach
Authors: Ralph Daniel , Xu Huifu
Published: August 2011

This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of a Monte Carlo method, variously known as sample average approximation (SAA) or sample path optimization (SPO), for a general two-stage stochastic minimization problem. We study the case when the second-stage problem may have multiple local optima or stationary points that are not global solutions and SAA is implemented using a general nonlinear programming solver that is only guaranteed to find stationary points. New optimality conditions are developed for both the true problem and its SAA problem to accommodate Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points. Because the optimality conditions are essentially stochastic generalized equations, the asymptotic analysis is carried out for the generalized equations first and then applied to optimality conditions. For this purpose, we analyze piecewise continuous (PC0) stochastic mappings to understand when their expectations are piecewise continuous and thereby derive exponential convergence of SAA. It is shown under moderate conditions that, with probability one, an accumulation point of the SAA stationary points satisfies a relaxed stationary condition for the true problem and further that, with probability approaching one exponentially fast with increasing sample size, a stationary point of SAA converges to the set of relaxed stationary points. These results strengthen or complement existing results where the second-stage problem is often assumed to have a unique solution and the exponential convergence is focused on how fast a solution of the true problem becomes an approximate solution of an SAA problem rather than the other way around.
Will Consumers be Willing to Pay more when your Competitors Adopt your Technology? The Impacts of the Supporting-Firm Base in Markets with Network Effects
Authors: Wang Qi , Xie Jinhong
Published: August 2011

Network effects and standards competition introduce significant market uncertainty, creating a substantial challenge to the success of innovating firms. Although the literature has highlighted the importance of establishing a large installed-user base (the number of users adopting the same product) in such markets, the authors draw attention to a different, but potentially important, market force: the supporting-firm base, which they define as the number of firms supporting the same technological standard. They test their proposed hypotheses using data from two markets: the floppy disk drive and personal digital assistant markets. Their results show that (1) consumer product valuation is positively affected not only by the installed-user base but also by the supporting-firm base, (2) the two positive effects interact with each other and the nature of the interaction changes over the evolution of the market (i.e., they strengthen each other's impact in the early stage but weaken each other's impact in the late stage of the product life cycle), and (3) not all supporting firms are equally valuable to the innovator—specifically, consumers are affected more by firms exclusively supporting a single standard than by firms supporting multiple standards and by incumbents than by new entrants.
The Repetition-Break Plot Structure Makes Effective Television Advertisements
Authors: Loewenstein Jeffrey , Raghunathan Rajagopal , Heath Chip
Published: August 2011

The plot structure in television advertisements can enhance consumers’ brand attitudes and foster increasing consumer and industry recognition. A corpus analysis of contemporary television advertisements shows that advertisements using the repetition-break plot structure are a small percentage of television advertisements but a large percentage of Clio and Effie award–winning advertisements. They are also likely to attain postings and views on YouTube. Three experiments using television advertisements from contemporary brands show that repetition-break advertisements are persuasive, leading to more favorable brand attitudes and greater purchase intentions than similar plot structures and that this effect is attributable in part to the advertisements being more engaging. Thus, a theoretically explainable and generic plot structure yields effective advertisements. The result is a new and flexible tool for marketing professionals to use to generate advertisements, with guidelines for when and why it should and should not be effective.
It's the thought (and the Effort) That Counts: How Customizing for others Differs from Customizing for Oneself
Authors: Moreau C. Page , Bonney Leff , Herd Kelly B.
Published: August 2011

While interest in customization is growing among consumers and academics, researchers have focused on consumers designing products for themselves. Many customization firms, however, are successfully positioning themselves as key sources for unique gifts. In this research, the authors examine whether factors under the firm's control (i.e., the level of design support provided and the presence of a strong brand) are differentially effective when consumers design products for themselves or as gifts for others. Using participants drawn from the relevant target market, they report two studies involving real customization tasks undertaken on fully functioning customization websites. The findings lead to the surprising conclusion that design support is less effective for consumers designing products intended as gifts rather than for themselves, raising expectations without a corresponding rise in evaluations. However, the results offer some good news to firms targeting gift-giving consumers. Both Studies 1 and 2 reveal that gift-givers place a higher value on their own time and effort and thus report a higher willingness to pay than those designing for themselves. This effect is diminished, however, when a strong brand is present and consumers share credit with the brand for the product's design.
Is Retail Category Management Worth the Effort (and Does a Category Captain Help or Hinder)?
Authors: Gooner Richard A. , Morgan Neil A. , Perreault William D.
Published: August 2011

Category management (CM) is challenging for retailers that sell thousands of products across hundreds of categories and often lack the resources and capabilities to manage all of them intensively. Some retailers respond by picking one supplier to be a “category captain” that manages the category—including rivals’ brands—on their behalf. Others worry that influential captains will be opportunistic and that the benefits of intensive CM are simply not worth the costs. However, there is little conceptual development or empirical evidence concerning CM best practices. The authors develop a comprehensive model of retail CM based on a synthesis of field interviews and relevant literature, especially work on governance value analysis theory. Their test of the model using category and financial growth data from U.S. supermarket chains shows that more intensive CM improves results. Furthermore, use of a category captain increases CM effort and results, without increasing opportunism or problems with other suppliers. The authors also find that retailers with more resources are less likely to rely on help from a category captain; yet the level of retailer resources is not related to CM intensity. Thus, “go-it-alone” retailers do not deploy their own resources on CM and miss out on the corresponding performance improvements.
The Bright Side and Dark Side of Embedded Ties in Business-to-Business Innovation
Authors: Noordhoff Corine S. , Kyriakopoulos Kyriakos , Moorman Christine , Pauwels Pieter , Dellaert Benedict G.C.
Published: August 2011

Although the number and importance of joint innovation projects between suppliers and their customers continue to rise, the literature has yet to resolve a key question: Do embedded ties with customers help or hurt supplier innovation? Drawing on both the tie strength and knowledge literatures, the authors theorize that embedded ties interact with supplier and customer innovation knowledge to influence supplier innovation. In a sample of 157 Dutch business-to-business innovation relationships, they observe that embedded ties weaken how much suppliers benefit from customer innovation knowledge because of worries about customer opportunism (the dark side of embedded ties). However, they uncover three moderating relationship and governance features that allow suppliers to overcome these dark-side effects and even increase innovation (the bright side of embedded ties). Finally, although the authors predicted a bright-side effect, they find that embedded ties neither help nor hinder the supplier to leverage its own innovation knowledge in the relationship.
Behemoths at the Gate: How Incumbents Take on Acquisitive Entrants (and why some do Better than Others)
Authors: Mukherji Prokriti , Sorescu Alina , Prabhu Jaideep C. , Chandy Rajesh K.
Published: August 2011

Corporate acquisitions are a ubiquitous feature of today's business landscape and a widely used means by which large firms enter new markets. As large acquirers swoop in to acquire firms in new markets, they are almost inevitably met with a chorus of concerns about the potential effects of their actions on the markets they enter. What is the actual impact of acquisitive entry by large firms on the strategies and performance of incumbents? How do incumbents reconfigure the way they compete after a behemoth enters their market? The authors focus on an important facet of firms’ competitive positions—their product mix—and propose a framework that explains incumbent firms’ reaction to acquisitive entry by large firms, as well as the performance implications of these reactions. They test the hypotheses that result from this framework by examining the impact of acquisitive entry across a large number of firms and consumer markets over time: The data cover 839 acquisitions in 583 metropolitan statistical areas in the U.S. banking industry. The results indicate that incumbents are more likely to align their product mix strategy with that of the acquisitive entrant if (1) the incumbent is large, (2) the acquirer's past performance has been strong, and (3) the market served by the incumbent is small. Importantly, how incumbents react has significant performance implications: The authors find that large incumbents that deviate from acquirers’ product mix strategy perform better than other incumbents do.
In-Line Monitoring of Particulate, Color, and Water Content in Lubricating Oils to Facilitate Predictive Maintenance, Reduce Wear, and Provide Real Time Alarming
Authors: Canty Thomas M.
Published: August 2011

Imaging techniques for characterizing particle shapes and sizes in lubricating oils can be a valuable tool toward improving the life span and reliability of mechanical equipment. ASTM currently specifies several tests to monitor the condition of lube oil; however, most of these are off-line, lab based tests. Vision based systems are well designed to perform the examination of the lube oil, either in line or off line, as they are the only instrument systems that can determine particle shape, which is a critical parameter in determining the source of wear in a mechanical system. The visual capability allows the user to input his or her knowledge of the process to work in making meaningful analyses. Imaging filters can be applied to the analysis to sort through noise and focus on the important particle information that must be monitored. This paper describes a vision based system used for particle sizing that provides a true two-dimensional size and shape analysis. The paper also discusses the fundamentals of a vision system that allow for accurate and repeatable analysis of a wide range of processes.
Dimensional Analysis and Fractal Modeling of Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Paggi Marco
Published: August 2011

In the present paper, generalized Paris and Wöhler equations are derived according to dimensional analysis and incomplete similarity concepts. They provide a rational interpretation to a majority of empirical power-law criteria used in fatigue. In particular, they are able to model the effects of the grain size, of the initial crack length, as well as of the size-scale of the tested specimen on the crack growth rate and on the fatigue life. Regarding the important issue of crack-size dependencies of the Paris’ coefficient C and of the fatigue threshold, an independent approach, based on the application of fractal geometry concepts, is proposed to model such an anomalous behavior. As a straightforward consequence of the fractality of the crack surfaces, the fractal approach provides scaling laws fully consistent with those determined from dimensional analysis arguments. The proposed scaling laws are applied to relevant experimental data related to the crack-size and to the structural-size dependencies of the fatigue parameters in metals and in quasi-brittle materials. Finally, paying attention to the limit points defining the range of validity of the classical Wöhler and Paris power-law relationships, correlations between the so-called cyclic or fatigue properties are proposed, giving a rational explanation to the experimental trends observed in the material property charts.
A gestão do processo de trabalho da enfermagem em uma enfermaria pediátrica de média e alta complexidade: uma discussão sobre cogestão e humanização
Authors: Alves Camila Aloísio , Deslandes Suely Ferreira , Mitre Rosa Maria de Araújo
Published: August 2011

O artigo analisa o cotidiano da gestão do trabalho de enfermagem numa enfermaria pediátrica de média e alta complexidade à luz dos princípios e diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização. Utiliza a observação participante, apoiada na perspectiva etnográfica, com foco no cotidiano de trabalho, as relações entre as equipes, usuários e acompanhantes. O local de estudo foi a enfermaria de Pediatria de um instituto de referência no cuidado da mulher, criança e adolescente. O período de observação foi de três meses e os resultados apontam para uma gestão dos processos de trabalho hierárquica e centralizadora. Esse modelo de gestão gerou desagregação das equipes, desmobilização para o trabalho, desgastes físicos e mentais, impossibilitando a estruturação de parcerias de trabalho. Conclui-se que é preciso investir na proposição de um modelo de cogestão para que novas formas de gestão dos processos de trabalho sejam construídas, privilegiando as trocas interdisciplinares e a criatividade.
A visita médica domiciliar como espaço para interação e comunicação em Florianópolis, SC
Authors: Borges Renata , D'Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas
Published: August 2011

Este artigo discute a visita médica domiciliar, com base em pesquisa realizada no município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, tendo como cenário a Estratégia Saúde da Família. O objetivo principal foi compreender como a visita domiciliar impacta a prática médica, com relação a mudanças na qualidade da interação entre o profissional, o paciente e sua família. Adotou-se metodologia qualitativa, com triangulação de técnicas, combinando entrevistas, observação participante e leitura de documentos. Percebeu-se que a visita domiciliar estimula a interação, por favorecer uma comunicação voltada ao entendimento mútuo, facilitando ao profissional compor a busca da eficácia técnica (êxito técnico) com a compreensão e foco nos projetos de felicidade dos pacientes e familiares (sucesso prático).
A comunicação da dor: um estudo sobre as narrativas dos impactos da disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Studart Luciana , Acioli Moab Duarte
Published: August 2011

O interesse em pesquisas que relacionam dor e qualidade de vida tem sido frequente no campo da saúde. No entanto, grande parte desses estudos destina-se a análises quantitativas. Nesse sentido, há uma demanda em se desenvolver métodos de estudos, por meio de instrumentos que considerem a perspectiva do sujeito e que permitam uma melhor compreensão da experiência de sofrimento. O presente artigo refere-se a um estudo exploratório, qualitativo, sobre as narrativas de sujeitos com Disfunção Temporomandibular relacionadas aos impactos da dor nas atividades sociais, de lazer e familiares. Para a constituição do corpus foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e transcritas. A discussão dos resultados baseou-se na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os impactos gerais da dor da Disfunção Temporomandibular na vida do sujeito são predominantemente no lazer e no trabalho. Entre os impactos específicos, mastigar, bocejar, fazer higiene oral, sorrir e falar.
Representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva da enfermagem
Authors: Leal Sandra Maria Cezar , Lopes Marta Julia Marques , Gaspar Maria Filomena Mendes
Published: August 2011

A violência contra a mulher constitui grave problema de Saúde Pública; ocorre no mundo inteiro em todas as classes sociais. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva de enfermeiras alunas de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa/Portugal. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com respaldo das representações sociais, da qual participaram cento e cinquenta enfermeiras, sendo os dados coletados por meio de questionário. Para análise, utilizou-se o software DataVic 4.3. Resultados apontam que as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher estão restritas ao universo consensual pelo qual são produzidas, constituído, sobretudo, pela conversação informal e pela vida cotidiana. Apontam, também, que a violência não é entendida como um problema de saúde. Considera-se que o embasamento teórico sobre o tema e o envolvimento institucional dos Serviços de Saúde contribuirão para a inserção da violência contra a mulher na agenda da Saúde Pública.
Integrating Nursing Science in the Education Process
Authors: Felicilda Rhea Faye
Published: August 2011

With the present shortage of nursing faculty and the imminent retirement of current faculty, clinical nurses are encouraged to step into academia, bringing their enthusiasm, knowledge, and clinical experience. As nurses enter the world of nursing education, they will face two challenges: the paradigm shift from clinical nursing to learning process, and the vast diversity of students. Turning to the foundations of nursing, a young nurse educator generated teaching-learning strategies through integration of nursing sciences as a guide to becoming an effective educator.
The Healing Power of Art: Is it Just for Patients?
Authors: Logid Janet
Published: August 2011

To be a caring professional one must learn to care for oneself. This article is an exemplar of one nurse's discovery of the use of music to cope with stress and grief.

Living with unresolved grief and cumulative stresses may lead to the inability to experience the joy of nursing and ultimately to burnout. Art in all its forms provides a mechanism to cope with life's challenges and to create an atmosphere of healing.
Implementing a Professional Nursing Practice Philosophy and Model: Using Affective Methods to Address Resistance
Authors: Ondrejka Dennis , Barnard Debby
Published: August 2011

The desire of community hospitals to build more professionalism into nursing practice through the implementation of a practice philosophy and model can be driven by several factors, including practice needs, consistency, and/or a Magnet Recognition journey. The development team for this institution provided 30 2-hour sessions on professional practice to nurses on all shifts. This training was mandatory, with typical resistance for such programs. The rollout strategy wove cognitive and affective teaching methods that integrated head and heart, with very positive outcomes identified in postprogram evaluations.
Epilepsy and Media: Implications for Those Whose Role Is to Educate
Authors: Weatherby-Fell Noelene
Published: August 2011

A diagnosis of epilepsy is all encompassing. It affects the ability of the individual to be recognized and be considered worthy as a member of society. The continued use of the labels of “disease” and “handicap” evidences the reality of stigma and discrimination that still endures. Resilience is evident in the coping strategies of these individuals daily.

Despite concerted campaigns designed to inform and change the attitudes of society, many children are misunderstood and handled inappropriately. Studies today confirm that up to 30% of teachers in some countries still associate epilepsy with insanity. For many, the concept of fear leads to prejudice that flows on to stigma and discrimination. This situation cannot be sustained in contemporary times.

Where can we, as a society and a community of learners of knowledge, unlearn the attitudes and behaviors that disable those who are disempowered by virtue of a diagnosis, and then learn to accept and appreciate those with diverse abilities? The answer may be found in our schools—the places long understood and accepted to be venues for learning, for academic knowledge, and for the preparation of the young to take their place as citizens in our world.

Teachers are increasingly viewed to be leaders, with accrediting and registering bodies setting their expectations through explicit professional teaching standards. It is vital that teacher preparation both empowers and enables a positive difference, and impacts on the injustices that occur as a result of miscommunication and ignorance.

Using a critical social research methodology, this article outlines how a review and interrogation of particular instances, educational policy, critical history, and the media portrayal of epilepsy has informed recommendations for educational policy, teacher education and teacher action, educational curriculum, and the need for broader education and understanding in society.
Unarmed and Dangerous: The Holistic Preparation of Soldiers for Combat
Authors: Barrett Clark C.
Published: August 2011

Within the U.S. military, incidents of suicide and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to escalate unabated despite efforts to provide reactive, posttrauma treatment. A new focus on proactive, preemptive physical, mental, and moral/ethical training is required prior to combat. Methods pioneered and validated in the early 1990s are available and are ready for implementation, but the military must use a holistic, focused strategy to do so.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Counseling a Male Couple
Authors: Reicherzer Stacee
Published: August 2011

This practice-based article discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in counseling “Paul” and “Eddie” (aliases), a couple for 4 years who presented with what they identified as “communication problems.” Through the use of psychosocial assessments of the men’s personal histories, it was determined that Paul’s experience of feeling controlled and Eddie’s struggles to believe that he mattered in the relationship were linked to traumatic memories in each man’s childhood that related to his sexual identity development. EMDR was used to target the men’s traumatic memories, alternating between Paul and Eddie. Following each EMDR treatment series, the work was integrated by talking through how the reprocessed material integrated into the overall couple experience, leading to both men’s increased satisfaction in the relationship.
The EMDR Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents: Application in a Disaster Mental Health Continuum of Care Context
Authors: Jarero Ignacio , Artigas Lucina , Luber Marilyn
Published: August 2011

This randomized, controlled group field study was conducted subsequent to a 7.2 earthquake in North Baja California, Mexico. Treatment was provided according to continuum of care principles. Crisis management debriefing was provided to 53 individuals. After this, the 18 individuals who had high scores on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) were then provided with the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents (EMDR-PRECI), a single-session modified EMDR protocol for the treatment of recent trauma. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: immediate treatment group and waitlist/delayed treatment group. There was no improvement in the waitlist/delayed treatment group, and scores of the immediate treatment group participants were significantly improved, compared with waitlist/delayed treatment group paticipants. One session of EMDR-PRECI produced significant improvement on symptoms of posttraumatic stress for both the immediate-treatment and waitlist/delayed treatment groups, with results maintained at 12-week follow-up, even though frightening aftershocks continued to occur frequently. This study provides preliminary evidence in support of the protocol’s efficacy in a disaster mental health continuum of care context. More controlled research is recommended to evaluate further the efficacy of this intervention.
Biological treatment of a synthetic dairy wastewater in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Statistical modeling using optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Zinatizadeh A.A.L. , Mansouri Y. , Akhbari A. , Pashaei S.
Published: August 2011

In this study, the interactive effects of initial chemical oxygen demand
(CODin), biomass concentration and aeration time on the performance of a
lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) treating a synthetic dairy
wastewater were investigated. The experiments were conducted based on a
central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface
methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for treatment of the synthetic
dairy wastewater was taken as the area enclosed by the influent comical
oxygen demand (CODin (1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/l)), biomass concentration
(3000, 5000 and 7000 mg VSS/l) and aeration time (2, 8 and 18 h) boundaries.
Two dependent parameters were measured or calculated as response. These
parameters were total COD removal efficiency and sludge volume index (SVI).
The maximum COD removal efficiencies (99.5%) were obtained at CODin, biomass
concentration and aeration time of 5000 mg COD/l, 7000 mg VSS/l and 18 h,
respectively. The present study provides valuable information about
interrelations of quality and process parameters at different values of the
operating variables.
The Effect of Dentin Desensitizer on Shear Bond Strength of Conventional and Self-adhesive Resin Luting Cements After Aging
Authors: Stawarczyk B , Hartmann R , Hartmann L , Roos M , Özcan M , Sailer I , Hämmerle CHF
Published: August 2011

This study tested the impact of Gluma Desensitizer on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two conventional (RelyX ARC, Panavia 21) and two self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem, G-Cem) resin luting cements after water storage and thermocycling. Human third molars (N=880) were embedded in acrylic resin. The buccal dentin was exposed. Teeth were randomly divided into four main groups, and the following cements were adhered: 1) RelyX ARC, 2) Panavia 21, 3) RelyX Unicem, and 4) G-Cem. In half of the teeth in each group, dentin was treated with Gluma Desensitizer. In the conventional cement groups, the corresponding etchant and adhesive systems were applied. SBS of the cements was tested after 1 hour (initial); at 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 days of water storage; and at 1, 4, 9, 16, and 25 days of thermocycling. SBS data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); this was followed by the post hoc Scheffé test and a t-test. Overall, the highest mean SBS (MPa) was obtained by RelyX ARC (ranging from 14.6 ± 3.9 to 17.6 ± 5.2) and the lowest by Panavia 21 in combination with Gluma Desensitizer (ranging from 0.0 to 2.9 ± 1.0). All tested groups with and without desensitizer showed no significant decrease after aging conditions compared with baseline values (p>0.05). Only the Panavia 21/Gluma Desensitizer combination showed a significant decrease after 4 days of thermocyling compared with initial values and 1 day thermocycling. Self-adhesive cements with Gluma Desensitizer showed increased SBS after aging conditions (ranging from 7.4 ± 1.4 to 15.2 ± 3) compared with groups without desensitizer (ranging from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 8.8 ± 2.9). No cohesive failures in dentin were observed in any of the test groups. Although self-adhesive cements with and without desensitizer presented mainly adhesive failures after water storage (95.8%) and thermocyling (100%), conventional cement (RelyX ARC) showed mainly mixed failures (90.8% and 89.2%, after water storage and thermocyling, respectively). Application of the Gluma Desensitizer to dentin before cementation had a positive effect on the SBS of self-adhesive cements.
Microhardness of Composite Materials With Different Organic Phases in Deep Class II Cavities: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tchorz JP , Doll R , Wolkewitz M , Hellwig E , Hannig C
Published: August 2011

Objective:

This study compared the microhardness of three composite resins with different organic matrices in deep class II cavities.

Materials and Method:

A total of 36 extracted molars were randomly assigned to six groups and standardized class II cavities were prepared. The cavity design comprised three steps in a mesiodistal direction with an increasing depth (2, 4, and 6 mm). Twelve cavities each were restored using Filtek Supreme (FS), Quixfil (QF), and Filtek Silorane (SI). The materials were applied in incremental layers of 2 mm and cured either with Halogen Translux Energy (HTE) (n=18) or LED Bluephase C8 (LED) (n=18). Subsequently, the specimens were cross-sectioned, and microhardness was determined in various depths and at two different distances from the matrix.

Results:

QF yielded the highest KHN microhardness values (92.67 ± 12.77), followed by FS (65.53 ± 19.52) and SI (57.67 ± 8.33). Composites cured with LED achieved higher KHN values. All materials showed the highest microhardness values within the superficial increments and at a distance of 1000 μm from the matrix.
Successful management of an intracranial phaeohyphomycotic fungal granuloma in a dog
Authors: Bentley R. Timothy , Faissler Dominik , Sutherland-Smith James
Published: August 2011

Case Description—A 12-month-old castrated male Boxer was examined because of signs of acute, progressive intracranial disease.

Clinical Findings—Cytologic and histologic findings were consistent with an intracranial fungal granuloma in the right cerebral hemisphere. Fungal culture yielded a Cladophialophora sp.

Treatment and Outcome—The granuloma was surgically debulked to remove infected brain tissue and the avascular purulent core. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with fluconazole (2.3 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 4 months, followed by voriconazole (3.4 mg/kg [1.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for a further 10 months. The outcome was considered excellent on the basis of resolution of neurologic signs and a lack of evidence of recurrence of the granuloma during magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis 8 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis 9 weeks after administration of antifungal medications was discontinued (16 months after surgery) confirmed resolution.

Clinical Relevance—Intracranial phaeohyphomycosis in small animals is rare and is most commonly associated with Cladophialophora infection. Phaeohyphomycosis frequently causes a focal granuloma, whereas other fungal infections typically cause diffuse meningoencephalitis. In all previous reports of phaeohyphomycosis of the CNS in dogs, treatment has been limited to medical management with conventional antifungal drugs and had failed to prevent death. The present report suggested that combined management of granulomas with surgery and newer triazole medications such as voriconazole may represent a novel strategy that improves the prognosis for this disease.
Ulcerative cystitis associated with phenylbutazone administration in two horses
Authors: Aleman Monica , Nieto Jorge E. , Higgins Jamie K.
Published: August 2011

Case Description—A 15-year-old Quarter Horse gelding and a 26-year-old Thoroughbred gelding were evaluated because of hematuria of 4 to 6 days' duration following prolonged oral administration of phenylbutazone.

Clinical Findings—The horses had received either treatment with phenylbutazone for 3 months or intermittent long-term phenylbutazone treatment prior to development of hematuria. Each horse was systemically stable but had orthopedic or neurologic problems. Clinicopathologic findings included normochromic normocytic anemia in both horses and hypoalbuminemia and high BUN concentration in 1 horse. In both horses, urinalysis revealed proteinuria and RBCs, but no evidence of WBCs or bacteria. Ulceration and hemorrhage of the urinary bladder with no evidence of uroliths were observed via cystoscopy. Gastric ulceration along the margo plicatus was observed via gastroscopy.

Treatment and Outcome—For each horse, phenylbutazone treatment was discontinued and a synthetic prostaglandin (misoprostol) was administered. The hematuria resolved, and results of a follow-up CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and cystoscopy 25 or 30 days after cessation of phenylbutazone treatment were unremarkable in both cases.

Clinical Relevance—Given the known adverse effects of NSAID treatment in several species, phenylbutazone and its metabolites were suspected to have caused ulceration of the urinary bladder, resulting in hematuria, in the 2 horses. A definitive cause of urinary bladder ulceration was not confirmed in these cases; however, resolution of ulceration after discontinuation of phenylbutazone treatment and administration of synthetic prostaglandins and exclusion of other causes suggested an association between phenylbutazone administration and ulcerative cystitis in these horses.
Recurrence of renosplenic entrapment after renosplenic space ablation in a seven-year-old stallion
Authors: Barrell Emily A. , Kamm J. Lacy , Hendrickson Dean A.
Published: August 2011

Case Description—A 7-year-old mixed-breed stallion was admitted because of colic.

Clinical Findings—Entrapment of the left colon in the renosplenic space was diagnosed via rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination, despite a renosplenic space ablation 6.5 years earlier.

Treatment and Outcome—The renosplenic entrapment was corrected with a combination of phenylephrine administration, rolling, and ballottement of the horse's abdomen during general anesthesia. The following week, left flank laparoscopic renosplenic space ablation was performed with the horse standing. On examination of the previous surgical site, only 4 bands of fibrous adhesion remained of the original space ablation. The renosplenic space was again closed by suturing the perirenal fascia and renosplenic ligament to the splenic capsule. The horse was discharged from the hospital and recovered at home. No complications or recurrence of entrapment was reported following the procedure.

Clinical Relevance—There have been no previous reports of recurrence of renosplenic entrapment following procedures to permanently ablate the renosplenic space. Recurrence in this patient may be attributed to the horse's young age at the time of initial surgery or inadequate size or spacing of the sutures through the perirenal fascia and splenic capsule.
Nowhere to Go: Karimojong Displacement and Forced Resettlement
Authors: Sundal Mary B.
Published: August 2011

Between 2006 and 2010, thousands of Karimojong women and children moved to Kampala in an attempt to escape misery and violence at home. In 2007 the Ugandan government began to evict these people from the capital and resettle them back in Karamoja. This paper is based on data from a ten-month ethnographic project with Karimojong mothers living in the Kisenyi slum of Kampala and residents within Napak and Moroto districts, to illuminate migrants' experiences with the resettlement campaign. I address three major fl aws with the campaign: ignorance of living conditions and violence in Karamoja; the overall dehumanizing impact on the Karimojong; and inadequate programme design, resources and infrastructure.
Complexities of Livestock Raiding in Karamoja
Authors: Agade Kennedy Mkutu
Published: August 2011

Karimojong define different motives for raiding: restocking, retaliation, and theft for sale on markets. This article focuses on the third type, or akoko raiding, which operates outside of the informal governance system of the elders, and is necessitated by short-term livelihood needs for some, and driven by profiteering for others. It may be done in large groups, or small groups of youths, and may be managed by racketeers, or richer cattle owners who loan out weapons. This article looks at the relationship of akoko raiding with the markets, including international trade to Kenya and the issue of border security. It notes that there are links to powerful urban-based figures, and that the huge wealth of Karamoja is enriching only a few. It makes the point that policing of the markets should be a major focus of conflict mitigation. Instead disarmament policies continue to focus on pastoralist communities, bringing no reduction in raiding violence and adding another layer to the conflict: that of the state versus the community.
The Rise of the 'Traider': The Commercialization of Raiding in Karamoja
Authors: Eaton Dave
Published: August 2011

The majority of published material on the commercialization of raiding in Karamoja deals with warlords or other elite confl ict entrepreneurs. This article suggests that commercialization has also triggered profound changes at a more local level. Based on a range of interviews within the region, it will argue that commercial forces have made possible the rise of the 'traider'. 'Traiders', or livestock traders who were or are raiders themselves, use inside information to purchase stolen cattle from thieves immediately after an attack. Frustrated victims argue that 'traiders' can easily launder the proceeds of a theft, rendering the recovery of stolen cattle almost impossible. Unfortunately, the Ugandan state's punitive approach to law enforcement makes them ill-suited to the more sophisticated investigations necessary to capture 'traiders' and earn the trust of Karamoja's inhabitants.
'Disarmament': The End or Fulfillment of Cattle Raiding?
Authors: Knighton Ben
Published: August 2011

The Uganda government claims that the now decade-long disarmament campaign is achieving pacification and the end of cattle raiding. Here, such claims are tested using data collected over a ten-month period between 2007 and 2008. These data show that the army is unable to prevent raiding or to recover and return more than a token number of raided livestock. The disastrous consequences of unbalanced disarmament are also considered, using material from in-depth interviews within one Karimojong territorial section involved, the Bokora. Following unbalanced disarmament, this section has lost to raids almost all its livestock and remains under constant threat, so that even the prospect of long-term restocking through breeding seems uncertain. As seasonal rains continue to fail to produce a harvest, large numbers of Bokora have dispersed to eke out low-status livelihoods elsewhere in Uganda, or they are rendered dependent and immobile on an inadequately funded World Food Programme. Forced to disarm and then left unprotected, the Bokora are already losing the whole framework of their culture, and they risk losing their territory too.