bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization-Based Evolutionary Data Mining Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Gordan Meisam , Ismail Zubaidah Binti , Abdul Razak Hashim , Ghaedi Khaled , Ghayeb Haider Hamad
Published: January 2020

In recent years, data mining technology has been employed to solve various Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) problems as a comprehensive strategy because of its computational capability. Optimization is one the most important functions in Data mining. In an engineering optimization problem, it is not easy to find an exact solution. In this regard, evolutionary techniques have been applied as a part of procedure of achieving the exact solution. Therefore, various metaheuristic algorithms have been developed to solve a variety of engineering optimization problems in SHM. This study presents the most applicable as well as effective evolutionary techniques used in structural damage identification. To this end, a brief overview of metaheuristic techniques is discussed in this paper. Then the most applicable optimization-based algorithms in structural damage identification are presented, i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Some related examples are also detailed in order to indicate the efficiency of these algorithms.
Concrete Encased with Engineering Plastics
Authors: Abdulla Nwzad Abduljabar
Published: January 2020

Engineering plastic tubes are economic alternatives for the advanced composite tubing systems. The mechanical behavior of concrete-encased with engineering plastic tube (CFPT) is examined in the present study by testing short-stub CFPT columns under concentric loading. The test parameters include the plastic tube and coarse aggregate/cement ratio (a/c) ratio. Due to the low stiffness of plastic tubes, the cementitious systems have an important role to increase the stiffness of CFPT. For making concrete of consistent strength, a/c ratio is an important criterion since aggregate constitutes more than 70% of concrete. The proportion of this major component of concrete was altered in increments of 0.5 resulting in twelve mixes with a/c ratios from 3 to 8. Due to the limited test data, the mechanical performance of these structures continues to be pursued through experimental methods. The aim of the present study was to investigate experimentally the relationship between the strength of CFPT and a/c ratio which is also affected by variations in other constituent materials. The a/c ratio was the common variable in both control and CFPT specimens. The experimental results show that the ability of the engineering plastic tube in improving the load capacity of CFPT was considerably affected by the a/c ratio increment which yielded a beneficial effect on the tube confinement capacity.
Mechanical and Shielding Properties of Concrete Subject to Gamma-ray
Authors: Mosavinejad S. Hosein Ghasemzadeh , Kazemi Rad Samira
Published: January 2020

In this research, concrete with different percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 of barite powder and 10% of graphite powder were investigated for the study of gamma protective properties. The transmitted fluxes of gamma-rays that were emitted from Cs-137 source were detected by a NaI(Tl) detector and analyzed by an MCA analyzer. Then, the samples were tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse wave velocity and the linear attenuation coefficients. By comparing the obtained samples, it was observed that a sample containing 10% barite powder plus 10% graphite powder could be used as a protective material against gamma rays.
Manajemen Diversity dan Kesetaraan dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam: Suatu Analisis Realitas Sosial
Authors: Riyadi Ivan
Published: January 2020

This article is written based on consideration of the reality of students as a diversity and equality community that is unique to discuss, often also occurs in Islamic educational institutions in diversity that can be solved by diversity management and equality that have a spirit of togetherness and vision of unity. To get a complete picture in this article, a qualitative approach to the design of literature research is used. The results show that diversity management and equality can be a solution to create peace in the school's scope of diversity. The relationship of educational institutions to the community is an effort that can be felt in creating harmony among ethnic groups.
Domain Dimension of Family Relationships in the South of Johor through the Family Well-Being Index 2017
Authors: Johar Siti Sarawati
Published: January 2020

Family institutions are fundamental units of social importance in the process of human development, construction, and development, through the capacity of human capital formation. Physical development alone is meaningless if it is not accompanied by human development based on its natural nature. It is impossible to deal with internal conflicts and to challenge current family institutions because families cannot handle progressive social and economic development processes with simplicity and balance in the family. For example, when there is a disruption in family interaction, there is a loss of family relationships and non-compliance with the value system. Therefore, efforts to balance the demands of social and economic development must be consistent with strengthening relationships within family institutions, as emphasized in the Family Well-Being Index through the Family Relationships dimension. This effort is in line with the desire to create prosperity in family institutions which involves developing individuals and families in a balanced and holistic manner physically, spiritually, economically, socially and mentally. In line with that, a study aimed at testing the Family Well-Being Index was conducted on 319 respondents representing their families in the Pasir Gudang district, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, in 2017. For discussions in this study, the focus would be on the family relationships dimension in terms of Motivational Support, Togetherness, and Curiosity. Overall study findings indicate that the Family Well-Being Index for the Family Relationships dimension is at an excellent level, thus providing relevant interpretations of positive perceptions and practices among study respondents, through testing the Family Relationships domain in three main dimensions.
Effect of Cropping System and Rice Residue Retention on Crop Productivity and Soil Physical Properties in Rice Based Cropping System of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam M Jahangir , Ahmed S , Islam MK , Islam R , Islam M
Published: January 2020

Cropping systems of Bangladesh are highly diverse and cultivation costs of puddled transplanted rice (PTR) are high. Therefore, an improved system is needed to address the issues, a field experiment was conducted during 2011-2013 to evaluate system intensification with varying degrees of cropping systems and residue retention. Four cropping systems (CSE) namely CSE1: T. boro rice-T. aman rice (control), CSE2: wheat-mungbean-T. aman rice (wheat and mungbean sown using a power tiller-operated seeder (PTOS) with full tillage in a single pass; puddled transplanted aman), CSE3: wheat-mungbean-dry seeded DS aman rice (DSR), and CSE4: wheat-mungbean-DS aman rice (all sown by PTOS with strip tillage) were compared. Two levels of aman rice residue retention (removed; partial retention i.e. 40 cm of standing stubble) were compared in sub plots. Grain yield was significantly higher (by 11%) when wheat was grown after DSR than PTR. Similarly, PTR and DSR (aman rice) produced statistically similar crop yields. Rice residue retention resulted a significantly higher (by 10%) wheat yield and a slightly increased (by 6%) mungbean yield than that of residues removed. The system productivity of CSE4 was significantly higher (by 10%) than CSE1 when averaged of the two years data. Partial aman residue retention gave significantly higher system yield than residue removal (by 0.6 t ha-1). After two years, no effect of CSE or partial aman residue retention was found on soil physical property (bulk density) of the top soil. Therefore, CSE4 along with residue retention would be more effective for sustainable crop production.

The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 14-30
Assessing Profitability, Marketing Activities and Problems in Modern Rice Production in Two Northern Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddiquee AH , Sammy HM , Hasan MR
Published: January 2020

This study estimated the cost and revenue of BRRI dhan 28 productions in two districts namely, Bogura and Gaibandha in Bangladesh. The paper also identifies farmers marketing activity and their production problems. Primary data were collected from 60 farm household’s survey using pretested semi-structured questionnaire during November to December, 2017. Farm level production and profitability were analysed by using net farm incomes and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) taking into account the variable cost and total cost. Applying descriptive statistics, the analysis showed that total cost of paddy production was higher in Bogura (BDT 44,555.3/acre) compared that of Gaibandha (BDT 42,199.5/acre) while net farm income was higher in Gaibandha (BDT 32992.2/acre) than Bogura (BDT 32475.9/acre). The analysis further showed that paddy production was profitable in both districts. BCR on the basis of variable cost and total cost indicated that return from paddy production was higher than cost which also ensures farmers profit in paddy production in both the districts. According to farmers’ opinion, disease infestation was the major production problem in Bogura district while both disease attack and natural calamities were the major production problems in Gaibandha district. Farmers’ suggested to reduce the cost of pesticides and they need marketing facilities to sell their product. They also suggested to establish cold storage facilities which create the opportunity to get fair price for their product.

The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 31-40
Morpho-Physiology and Anatomical Responses of Sorghum Seedlings as Affected by Salinity in Hydroponic Culture
Authors: Sarkar MN , Hossain AKMZ , Islam SN , Shahanaz S , Tareq MZ
Published: January 2020

An experiment was conducted at the growth chamber of Department of Crop Botany in the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during March 2018 to observe morpho-physiology and anatomical response of sorghum. Six genotypes were grown in hydroponics with a full nutrient solution (NH4NO3-500 μM; Ca(NO3)2-500 μM; MgSO4-200 μM; KH2P04 -100 μM; FeC13-2μM; H2B03-11 μM; MnC12-2μM; ZnC12-0.35μM; CuCl2-0.2μM; (NH4)6Mo704-0.1 μM) and 100 mM salinity was imposed on 14 days seedlings. Data on morpho-physiological and anatomical parameters from seedlings were collected after 21 days and stress tolerant indexes of shoot and root were analyzed. Anatomical parameters like metaxylem and protoxylem thickness were also investigated. The results indicated that all the parameters viz. root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, stress tolerance index of root, and shoot, dry weight of shoot and root, relative chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), proline concentration, total root area, vascular cylinder area and root diameter were decreased with increasing salinity levels except leaf proline content. Genotypes BD 750 and BD 686 showed better performance considering tolerant indicators while the poor performance was exhibited by BD 747 and BD 753. Thus, based on overall observation BD 750 and BD 686 might be salt tolerant.

The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 52-65
Biochar on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity
Authors: Haque Md Mojammel , Rahman Md Mizanur , Morshed Md Monjur , Islam Md Shafiqul , Afrad Md Safiul Islam
Published: January 2020

An experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field in Shibalaya upazilla of Manikganj district during rabi season of 2017to study the effectiveness of biochar on soil fertility and yields of brinjal and cauliflower. There were five treatments viz. control, recommended inorganic fertilizer (RF), biochar 1 t/ha + RF, biochar 3 t/ha + RF and biochar 5 t/ha + RF laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data revealed that biochar at the rate of 5 t/ha along with RF provided maximum yields of brinjal (67 t/ha) and cauliflower (42 t/ha). The pH, nutrients and moisture contents of the study soils increased and bulk density decreased with the higher rates of biochar application. Significant changes were observed in the total organic carbon in soils which increased by 25 to 41% from the initial levels. Recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies of N, P, K and S were found the highest with the application of biochar 5 t/ha. In terms of soil fertility and crop productivity application of biochar was found promising and can be recommended as an effective soil management practice.

The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 76-88
Comparison of pre and post Global longitudinal Strain imaging in thrombolytic and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST elevation Anterior Myocardial infarction
Authors: Mandal Mohammad Rayhan Masum , Ahsan Syed Ali , Hoque Harisul , Kabir Mohammad Faisal Ibn , Ahmed Khurshed , Khaled Fakrul Islam , Mahbub Smear E , Fatema Nilufar
Published: January 2020

Abstract not available

University Heart Journal Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan 2020; 11-15
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DARI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR ISI RUMEN SAPI
Authors: Damayanti Sri Suci , Komala Oom , Effendi E. Mulyati
Published: January 2020

Waste treatment technology is not less important for the business of Slaughterhouse (RPH). Various businesses and technologies have been done to handle this waste problem, especially for the rumen waste in RPH. One of them is utilizing the waste as an organic fertilizer. Bovine rumen bacteria are bacteria that originate from the contents of bovine rumen, with simple and inexpensive development techniques. This bacterium helps farmers in improving and developing an insightful agriculture on the preservation of soil fertility and natural resources. The study aims to identify bacteria and find out the diversity, properties, and characteristics of bacteria from the liquid organic content of rumen cows. Methods undertaken by observing colony morphology, colony selection and purification, Gram staining, spores staining, and biochemical testing. Of the four isolates identified there are two bacterial genus, three isolates RS1a, RS2a, RS2b including the genus Bacillus sp. aerobic and an isolates of RS1b including the genus Lactobacillus sp. the facultative of anaerobic. The four isolates of bacteria are able to grow optimum at pH 6.5 and the temperature of 370C is homofermentative.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR KOSMETIK SECARA ELEKTROKOAGULASI SISTEM BATCH
Authors: . Sutanto , Artanti Kareina
Published: January 2020

The success of this electrocoagulation method wastewater treatment is influenced by the voltage density and contact time. A reddish liquid waste treatment from the cosmetics industry has been carried out by batch electrocoagulation system. The research aims to determine the optimum voltage and time density conditions that can be the result of effective cosmetics liquid waste treatment by batch system electrocoagulation method. Reddish cosmetics liquid waste samples were taken from the cosmetics industry and analyzed the parameters of waste water quality including: pH; dissolved oxygen (DO); Chemical Oxygen (COD) requirements for Fe and Al metal content, and then waste treatment is carried out. A total of 0.5 liters of waste samples were carried out by electrocoagulation of a batch system using a one liter volume glass chamber using 1 mm aluminum plate electrodes measuring 5 cm x 10 cm effectively immersed, the distance between the electrodes was 5 cm. Both electrodes were given varying electric voltages: 9; 12; 15; and 20 volts DC and each with time variations: 15; 30; 45; and 60 minutes, the experiment was repeated twice. Electrocoagulation water is analyzed a number of quality parameters according to the initial analysis. The best treatment optimum conditions produce water quality: pH = 9.96; DO = 6.9 mg / L; COD = 280 mg / L (a decrease of 74.19%); TSS = 88 mg / L (a decrease of 86.21%); Fe = 0.31 mg / L (80.38% Fe decrease). The results of this electrocoagulation treatment meet wastewater quality standards according to Permen LH No. 05 of 2014 annex XLVII class II except pH ( 9.0)., And can be discharged by water bodies.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK DAUN PALA (Myristica fragrans houtt) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pratiwi Atika , Noorlaela Ella , Mahyuni Siti
Published: January 2020

Bacteria that cause acne include Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Nutmeg leaves are plants that contain antibacterial substances that can inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this study is to make soap preparations from nutmeg leaf extracts and find out the formula that is most effective in inhibiting the growth of P.acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Nutmeg leaves were extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Liquid soap preparations are made in 4 formulas. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by the dilution method for MIC and disk diffusion methods to determine LDH liquid soap preparations. Based on the test of the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract, nutmeg leaves have the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value at a concentration of 0.5% and negative on Propionibacterium acnes. Liquid soap preparations in F1 (extract 2%) have LDH values of 9.87 ± 0.41 mm; F2 (extract 4%) has an LDH value of 10.50 ± 0.35 mm; F3 (extract 8%) has an LDH value of 10.70 ± 0.25 mm; F4 (extract 10%) has an LDH value of 11.87 ± 0.25 mm. The highest LDH value is F4 with a concentration of 10% extract, LDH F4 is a formula that has the most antibacterial activity approaching LDH positive control JF Sulfur which has an LDH value of 13.25 ± 0.25 mm
MANAGING MALAYSIAN BORDER: THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN MAINTAINING SECURITY
Authors: Mohd Zainol Noor Azmi , Jusop Anwar Zamani , Ridzuan Ahmad Azan , Kamaruddin Sofian
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to examine the challenges encountered by Malaysia enforcement border agencies to protect the sovereignty of Malaysia and its prospects of integration among various agencies at the border. With a wide boundary, the Malaysian security is porous to various threats which not only mean a traditional military threat but also include multiple threats. Current threats have been broadening to include transnational criminals such as illegal immigrants, smuggling people or prohibited goods or even non-traditional threats such as terrorism. In order to control such threats, there are several government agencies and legal enforcement which are responsible to protect Malaysian sovereignty such as The Royal Malaysian Police, Royal Malaysian Customs Department, Malaysian Department of Immigration, and Malaysian Border Control Agency and Malaysian Armed Forces as well. These agencies are responsible to manage the Malaysian border at various legal checkpoints such as air, sea and land checkpoints. The Malaysian Armed Forces, on the other hand, has been responsible to manage illegal route along the Malaysian border especially in the jungle. In order to manage a broad scope and complexities of the border, some scholars develop a concept of Coordinated Border Management (CBM) or Integrated Border Management or Collaborative Border Management, or Comprehensive Border Management in order to integrate all different border agencies. There is an urgent need for border agencies to coordinate their actions in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of border procedures. All the challenges will discuss further in this article.
Management of Small Aortic Root during Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Nabil Malek Ahmed , A.K. Salama Ayyad Mohamed , Elkhayat Hussein , El-Minshawy Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Background: Concomitant aortic root enlargement (ARE) increases the risk of aortic valve replacement (AVR). The objectives of this study were to identify the patients who needed aortic root enlargement and compare the outcomes and the risk of adding ARE to AVR.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients who underwent isolated mechanical aortic valve replacement between 2017 and 2019. We divided the patients into two groups: group A included patients with small aortic root who had AVR with one of the different surgical strategies for small aortic annulus (n= 32) and group B, which included patients with a normal aortic annulus and underwent conventional AVR (n= 30). Group A was further sub-divided based on the surgical strategy into 4 categories; patients who had supra-annular implantation of size 19 mm St. Jude prosthetic valve (n= 11; 34.4%), Nicks procedure (n= 13 40.6%), Manougian procedure (n= 4; 12.5%), Konno procedure (n= 4; 12.5%). 

Results: Group A patients were significantly younger (26.16 ± 11.49 vs. 34.63 ± 8.9 years; p< 0.001) and had lower body weight (55.09 ± 21.41 vs. 69.80 ± 19.20; p= 0.01). Group A had significantly smaller valves (p = 0.03), and total cardiopulmonary bypass (148.65 ± 44.09 vs. 97.46 ± 20.90 minutes; p<0.001) and aortic cross-clamp times (118.13 ± 36.70 vs. 78.06 ± 16.01 minutes; p < 0.001) were significantly longer in group A. There was no significant difference in operative complications between groups. Among patients with small aortic root; Konno procedure had the longest bypass time (236.3 ± 19.70 minutes; p<0.001); cross-clamp time (192.5 ± 22.2 minutes; p <0.001); mechanical ventilation (4.75 ± 0.50 hours; p<0.001) and intensive care unit stay (6.50 ± 0.57 days; p <0.001). Patients with supra-annular implantation of the St. Jude valve had a significantly higher postoperative pressure gradient (14.64 ± 6.84 mmHg; p= 0.02). No difference in procedure complications was observed among aortic root enlargement procedures.

Conclusion: Patients who had aortic root enlargement procedure were younger, with lower weight and body surface area. Surgical procedures used to manage small aortic root had comparable early results, and no technique was superior to the others.
Zencefil’in Antibakteriyal Etkisi (Antibacterial effect of Zingiber officinale (Ginger))
Authors: GÜCEYÜ Çiğdem , GONCAGÜL Gülşen , GÜNAYDIN Elçin , AKPINAR Pınar
Published: January 2020

Antibiyotiklerin
artan kullanımı mikroorganizmaların direnç kazanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu
durumda özellikle kolay elde edilebilen, daha az yan etkiye sahip bitki
kaynaklı terapötik maddelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Zingiber officinale eski çağlardan beri tüm dünyada doğrudan
antimikrobiyal  etkinliğe sahip olması
nedeniyle  bakteriyel enfeksiyonların
tedavisinde kullanılmıştır.

Çalışmamızda Zingiber
officinale bitkisinin Soxhlette hazırlanan etanol  ekstraktlarının, standart  Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC-25923), Escherichia coli
(ATCC-25922) ve dirençli olduğu bilinen hastalardan izole edilmiş Acinetobacter
baumannii ve Klebsiella pneumoniae etkenlerine karşı   antibakteriyel  aktivitesi ile, günümüzde kullanılan,
ampisilin (AM), sefazolin (CZ), sefuroksim (CXM), meropenem (MEM),kolistin
(CL), ofloksasin (OFX), sulfametoksazol/ trimetoprim (SXT), tetrasiklin (TE),
gentamisinin (GM) etkilerinin  agar
difüzyon yöntemi ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.

Bu çalışmada
zencefil (Zingiber officinale) 
ekstraktının tüm test edilmiş bakterilerden Staphylococcus aureus
karşı 5 µL ,10 µL,15 µL ve 20 µL ekstrakt emdirilen diskler çevresinde
sırasıyla 7mm,10mm,11mm,15mm inhibisyon zon çapları ile ekstraktın artan
miktarlarıyla etkisinin fazlalaştığı gözlendi. Escherichia coli’de ise
sadece 20 µL ekstrakt uygulanan disk çevresinde 7mm inhibisyon zon çapı
saptandı. Diğer bakterilerde ise ekstraktın etkinliğinin görüldüğü bir
inhibisyon zon çapı oluşmadı.

Sonuç olarak, Zingiber
officinale’nin yapısındaki bileşiklerin Staphylococcus
aureus  ve Escherichia coli’ye karşı doza bağlı olarak antibakteriyel
etkinliğe sahip olması dolayısıyla ekstraktın MİK ve MBK üzerine çalışmaların
yapılmasının faydalı olacağı düşüncesindeyiz.
Determination of vegetation cover trends based on the calculation of the normalized vegetation index on the example of Petrykivskyi district of Dnipropetrovsk region
Authors: Omelych Iryna , Yaremenko Anastasiia , Neposhyvailenko Nataliia , Ghoraj Ihor
Published: January 2020

The technique of analyzing using Spatial Analyst ArcGIS Desktop tools was developed to determine the nature of vegetation changes based on a normalized vegetation index. Geoinformation analysis was carried out on the example of Petrykivskyi district of Dnipropetrovsk region for the period 2016-2018. The applied technique allowed to correctly interpret the water surface, artificial materials, as well as land with and without vegetation. Ranking by such categories made it possible to identify areas with sparse vegetation (farmland, pastures) and dense vegetation (tree plantations, forest areas), and to estimate their area. Spatial Analyst tools constructed vegetation maps according to the normalized vegetation index and calculated changes in vegetation density during 2016-2018.
Relay Node Placement Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Ranga Virender , Angra Suneer
Published: January 2020

Relay node placement is one of the critical need of wireless sensor networks when connectivity, lifetime, fault tolerance like factors are desired in the network. In this study, we review the present relay node placement techniques and provide an overall view of this study by summarizing previous achievements. We categorize the placement strategies into four broad categories, namely, approximation, algorithms, heuristics, meta-heuristics based techniques. A taxonomy is presented to enlist the present techniques. The paper also emphasizes on the research challenges and gives an idea of potential future scope in this research domain.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR KREATIF
Authors: Marten Yogaswara Sri , Novendra Afief Maula , Almujab Saiful , Ramafrizal Yudho
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa antara kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan kelas yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran Problem Solving. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode quasi-experimental design (eksperimen semu) yaitu jenis eksperimen yang menggunakan seluruh subjek yang utuh (intact group) untuk diberi perlakuan (treatment). Bentuk quasi eksperimental design (eksperimen semu) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Counterbalanced design. Dalam Counterbalanced Design ini menggunakan dua kelas dimana semua kelas merupakan kelas eksperimen. Perbedannya adalah terletak pada sub bahasan atau kompetensi dasar yang dilakukan disetiap kelas dengan berbeda treatment. Desain penelitian Counter balanced Design tidak menggunakan pre test tapi didalam desain ini siswa hanya diberi posttest saja sebagai tolak ukur keberhasilan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran problem based learning lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dibandingkan dengan metode belajar problem solving dan project based learning.
PENINGKATAN PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS CERAMAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONCEPT SENTENCE
Authors: Ramlan Willyana
Published: January 2020

There were several reasons for conducting this study, students’ seriousness in attending writing speech text were still low and not excited. Therefore, the teacher must choose and apply an effective teaching learning model to improve students’ abilities in writing speech text. This study aims to improve students’ abilities in writing speech text through concept sentence model and investigated students’ responses through teaching writing speech text by using concept sentence model. The quasi experiment is the research method of this study. The control and experiment class were given pre-test and post-test to know the students’ abilities before and after treatment. The questionnaire also used to gain the data about students’ responses through teaching writing speech text by using concept sentence model. The research finding shows that the model concept sentence is effective to improve students’ ability in writing speech text . The indicators of the success of by using SPSS 23.0 are that: (1) the mean of pre-test result in the experiment class was 64,18 and  post-test result in the experiment class was 81,28, meanwhile the mean of pre-test result in the control class was 60,57 and  post-test result in the control class was 71,50; (2) the students’ responses through questionnaires found that the application concept sentence model was very positive.
UPAYA PENCAPAIAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN METAKOGNITIF
Authors: Milawati Fina , Siallagan Timbo
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

For the development of education towards more advanced learning mathematics sought metacognitive learning. Learning that can build students' perspectives on mathematical problems, by thinking of an appropriate strategy. Then, from the knowledge obtained by the student is able to draw conclusions or reasoning, in this case the achievement of students' mathematical reasoning abilities.

This study aims to determine the achievement of the reasoning ability of students who are given learning with a metacognitive approach and students who are given conventional learning. This study uses an experimental method conducted on eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Kalijati. The sample selection is done randomly by selecting two classes from three classes. Of the two classes selected, class VIIIC as an experimental class whose learning uses a metacognitive approach and class VIIIB as a control class whose learning uses conventional learning models. To determine the ability of the two classes are given a preliminary test and a final test with the same questions. The results of the study concluded that students' reasoning abilities on the subject of the circle using learning metacognitive approaches were higher than using conventional learning.

 

 

ABSTRAK

Untuk pengembangan pendidikan kearah lebih maju dalam pembelajaran matematika diupayakan suatu pembelajaran metakognitif. Pembelajaran  yang dapat membangun cara pandang siswa terhadap masalah matematika, dengan memikirkan suatu strategi yang tepat. Kemudian, dari pengetahuan yang diperoleh siswa tersebut mampu mengambil kesimpulan atau penalaran, dalam hal ini pencapaian kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pencapaian kemampuan penalaran siswa yang diberi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan metakognitif dan siswa yang diberi pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang dilakukan pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Kalijati. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara acak dengan memilih dua kelas dari tiga kelas. Dari dua kelas yang terpilih, kelas VIIIC sebagai kelas eksperimen yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pendekatan metakognitif dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol yang pembelajarannya menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari kedua kelas tersebut diberi tes awal dan tes akhir dengan soal yang sama. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran siswa pada pokok bahasan lingkaran menggunakan pembelajaran pendekatan metakognitif lebih tinggi daripada menggunakan pembelajaran konvesional.
Study of the Optimal Conditions of Levan Production from a Local Isolate of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis w36
Authors: Khassaf Wafaa H. , Niamah Alaa K. , Al-Manhel Alaa J. A.
Published: January 2020

The present study was aimed to test optimum conditions for the levan production from local isolation Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis w36, which was isolated from Basrah city soil by using production medium containing (40 g of sucrose as carbon source 10g pepton, 1g (NH4) 2SO4, 1g KH2PO4, 1g MgSO4.7H2O). The amount of levan produced was 4.9 g.ml-1. Molasses and date juice were used as substitutes for sucrose in growth media and substitute percentages were (25%, 50%, 75% and100%). The results showed the highest production of levan was recorded when sucrose was substituted with 25% molasses, which was 5.2 g.ml-1.Therefore, this medium was used to study optimum conditions included incubation period, inoculation volume, temperature ,initial pH. The highest production of levan was 6.8 g .100 ml-1 within 40 hours' incubation, 1 ml inoculum volume, pH 6.5 and 32 ºC.
Reduction of surface roughness by modification of step-bunched aluminum nitride layers towards step-flow morphology
Authors: Tillner Nadine , Brandl Christian , Hoffmann Marc P. , Moser Richard , Waag Andreas , Lugauer Hans-Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Conventional aluminum nitride (AlN) template fabrication techniques, like hydride vapour phase epitaxy or AlN growth on patterned sapphire substrates, usually lead to step-bunched template surfaces. The resulting macrosteps cause emission broadening or even multiple-peak characteristics of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) fabricated on such AlN templates. In order to reduce these macrosteps and to provide a smoother surface, even without the need of a thick AlN deposition, a two-layer growth procedure is reported here. A three-dimensional (3D) – twodimensional (2D) sequential growth initiates a significant modification of the previous AlN surface morphology and simultaneously limits the evolving tensile strain. A primarily step-bunched surface with a surface roughness root mean square of 1.8 nm is successfully reduced by the two-layer growth procedure down to 0.8 nm, without any film cracking. This distinct roughness reduction of more than 50% is achieved within an AlN thickness of only 1.3 µm. With a smoother surface, the electroluminescence characteristic of a UV LED structure is substantially improved. Instead of a double-peak emission, typical for LEDs grown on step-bunched templates, a single-peak emission and lower spectral width were achieved, indicating the high potential of the suggested two-layer technique for improving performance.
Nonstoichiometric tin oxide films: study by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Adamchuk Dzmitry V. , Ksenevich Vitaly K. , Poklonski Nikolai A. , Navickas Marius , Banys Jūras
Published: January 2020

Nonstoichiometric SnO/SnO2/SnO2−δ films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering and reactive DC magnetron sputtering of tin target with further 2-stage temperature annealing of synthesized materials. X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were employed to study the influence of oxygen content in the plasma during the sputtering process and the temperature of annealing on the stoichiometric and phase composition of synthesized films. It was found that the tin monoxide phase prevailed in the films fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering in the argon plasma followed by a 2-stage annealing process. Nanocrystalline films containing both tin monoxide and tin dioxide were synthesized when reactive magnetron sputtering with a small content of oxygen (of about 1 vol.%) was used. The increase of oxygen content in the plasma to the value of about 2 vol.% leads to the formation of amorphous films. The intensity of the Raman peaks inherent in SnO2 vibration modes was found to depend on the content of the tin monoxide phase in the films. This effect can be attributed to the dissipative transition of electronic excitation from tin monoxide to tin dioxide nanocrystallites.
Study the Effect of Water Extracts of Some Plants Against Fungus Macrophomina Phaseolina That Causes Charcoal Rot on Common Beans
Authors: Ahmed A. Aljamali Ahmed A. Aljamali
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to study the effect of water extracts of plants from the local environment on the growth of fungus Macrophomina Phaseolina. Laboratory results showed a positive effect of water extracts in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus where the percentage of inhibition of extracts (Alknah) Kanahia laniflora, Oleander Nerium, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, (Alsniffh) Argemone mexicana, (Alabb) Withania somnifera, (Alothurb) Rumex nervosus, respectively, 64.07%, 42.96%, 42.58%, 41.86%, 33.48%, and 22.96%. As for the greenhouse experiments results showed an increase in germination percentage and a reduction in the incidence of charcoal rot after 15 days from sowing to treatments of Eucalyptus, Withania somnifera, Argemone mexicana, Kanahia laniflora, and Oleander Nerium, Where the percentage of germination of these treatments were 100%, 96.66%, 96.66%, 96.66%, 93.33%, respectively, and the percentage reduction in the incidence of the same treatments were 0.00%, 3.33%, 3.33%, 3.33%, 6.66%, respectively, compared to the extract of Rumex nervosus and control (untreated seeds) where the infection rates were 43.333% and 25%,respectively. After 45 days from sowing, each plant extract showed positive effects in reducing the incidence of cause charcoal root on the beans. The rate of the reduction in the incidence were 7.67%, 11.67%, 33.33%, 40.00%, 43.33% and 46.67% for the extracts of Kanahia laniflora, Eucalyptus, Oleander Nerium, Argemone mexicana, Rumex nervosus and Withania somnifera, respectively, Compared to the control (non-treated seeds) 76.67%. The results also, showed that the plant extracts had no effect on fresh weight and dry weight of shoot. On the other hand, the results showed that the extract of Rumex nervosus and eucalyptus had positive results in fresh weight gain of the root system by 1.58, 1.36 g., respectively, comparing with 0.71 g. for the control. Rumex nervosus extract showed positive results as an increase in the dry weight of the roots, followed eucalyptus camaldulensis and Nerium oleander 0.21, 0.15, 0.14 g., respectively, comparing with the control 0.11 g. Accordingly, the plant extracts of some plants from the Yemeni environment have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens and can be used to control plant diseases to reduce the use of chemical fungicides and reduce the extensive damage to humans and the environment.
Om mens en menselijkheid
Authors: van den Bos Maarten
Published: January 2020

In May 1945, shortly after the Liberation of the Netherlands, Dutch Reformed minister Willem Banning (1888-1971) published a sketch of a ‘personalistic socialism’. Shortly thereafter, he became one of the founding fathers of the renewed Dutch Labor Party. At the first convention of the new party he proposed that the process of renewal of socialism had to be informed by ‘spiritual values’. In Dutch historiography, the role of Banning as one of the founders of the Dutch Labor Party was never really been understood as religiously or even ideologically motivated. The so-called ‘Breakthrough-movement’ – which sought a new synthesis between political action and religious or ideological inspiration – has been generally interpreted in terms of opportunism: in order to persuade Catholic and Protestant workers to vote for the Labor Party, some spiritually and morally loaded vocabulary was added and the harsh anti-religious affiliation of classic socialist politics was (temporarily) toned down. In this article, I propose a new analysis of the breakthrough-movement, inspired by new studies on public debate in the Netherlands and in Europe between 1918 and 1960 and by an in-depth analysis of the intellectual development of Banning. This leads to the conclusion that the spiritual and religious sources of inspiration of the breakthrough movement should be seen as a turning point in the Dutch debate on the essence of humankind and his/her role in society, church and politics in a period still problematically labelled by the metaphor of ‘pillarization’.
Endoprosthetic Reconstruction of the Upper Extremity in Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Hennessy David W. , Raskin Kevin A. , Schwab Joseph H. , Lozano-Calderón Santiago A.
Published: January 2020

In 1943, Austin Moore successfully reconstructed a proximal femur using a Vitallium endoprosthesis. This marked the first successful alternative to amputation in oncologic surgery. However, it was not until the introduction of high-resolution axial imaging and improved chemotherapeutics that the feasibility of limb salvage began to improve. Today, limb salvage surgery can be used to treat most oncologic conditions of the extremities, the most popular reconstruction option being endoprostheses. Megaprostheses use has expanded to nononcologic indications with severe bone loss, including infections, revision arthroplasty, and severe periarticular trauma and its sequelae. The proximal humerus and scapula are challenging for reconstruction, given the complex anatomy of the brachial plexus, the accompanying vascular structures, and the dynamic stabilizers of the relatively nonstable glenohumeral joint. The midhumerus is difficult because of the close location of the radial nerve, whereas the distal humerus is challenging because of the proximity of the brachial artery and its bifurcation, radial, ulnar, and median nerves, and lack of soft-tissue coverage. Despite these challenges, this review demonstrates that many series show excellent mid- to long-term results for pain relief and function restoration after megaprosthetic reconstruction of the scapula and humerus after bone resections for oncologic and nononcologic reasons.
Necessity of Bony Fusion After Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Spine Tumors
Authors: Alamanda Vignesh K. , Robinson Myra M. , Thompson Jeremy C. , Kneisl Jeffrey S. , Patt Joshua C.
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

The role of bony fusion in influencing patient outcome and surgical revision rates in the treatment of metastatic spine disease is poorly defined. The goals of this study were, therefore, to evaluate the effect of fusion on revision surgery as well as on overall survival (OS) and functional status in patients with metastatic disease of the spine.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of a prospective database at a major cancer center was conducted. A total of 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2010 to December 2015 were included. Functional status, patient and tumor characteristics, fusion status, and survival were analyzed, and regression analyses were done. Bony fusion was classified as either present (seen across a minimum of three levels and crossing the tumor site) or absent as evidenced through CT images at minimum of 1-year postoperatively.

Results:

Twenty-five subjects with 28 surgical sites met the eligibility criteria to be included in this study cohort. Five surgical sites were found to have evidence of fusion on CT scans at 1 year after surgery, and 23 sites had no evidence of bridging fusion. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of OS, and ambulatory status (P > 0.10). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any specific factors affecting fusion. Mean follow-up was 23.7 months.

Discussion:

The lack of bony fusion is not an independent predictor of the need for revision surgery. The lack of bony fusion in patients with metastatic disease of the spine does not appear to negatively affect their OS or their ambulatory status. A discussion of factors affecting fusion is complex, and there are other factors that may also play a role. Large multicenter trials are needed to corroborate the preliminary findings seen in this complex patient cohort.
Shoulder Terrible Triad: Classification, Functional Results, and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Marsalli Michael , Sepúlveda Oscar , Morán Nicolás , Breyer Juan Manuel
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

The shoulder terrible triad (STT) is a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation, associated with rotator cuff (RC) tear and nerve injury from the brachial plexus. This study aimed to describe the functional results and prognostic factors of surgery in patients with STT.

Methods:

Thirty consecutive patients with acute STT were included at the same institution. All patients were examined with x-rays, MRI, and electromyography. Surgical treatment in the acute setting was indicated to address an RC injury or a displaced greater tuberosity fracture. Variables registered on the day of surgery were preoperative Constant and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) scores and injury pattern. At final discharge, Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), WORC, and subjective shoulder value scores were recorded by an independent evaluator.

Results:

Twenty-seven patients underwent a complete follow-up. The dominant arm was affected in 50% of cases. The mean follow-up was 27 (12 to 43) months. The mean WORC and Constant scores improved from 1,543 to 1,093 (P = 0.015) and 31 to 54 (P = 0.003), respectively. The ASES and subjective shoulder value scores at the end of the follow-up were 60 and 56 points, respectively. RC tears and nerve injuries that did not involve the axillary or suprascapular nerves were associated to better results than greater tuberosity fractures and injuries to the axillary or suprascapular nerves, respectively, in WORC (P = 0.028), Constant (P = 0.024), and ASES scores (P = 0.035). Preoperative WORC and Constant scores were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions:

The most frequent patterns include complete RC tears, anterior capsular injuries, and an axillary nerve injury. Patients had improved functional scores at the end of follow-up after surgery. Better functional results were correlated to RC tears, injuries to nerves with innervation distal to the shoulder, and higher preoperative Constant and WORC scores.
Integrating Water Reuse Into the US Water Supply Portfolio
Authors: Martin Barbara , Via Steve
Published: January 2020

Key Takeaways

Population growth and changing climate are affecting water supply availability, and water reuse is becoming an important tool to address the increasing demands on water systems.

The USEPA released a draft Water Reuse Action Plan, which provides a framework with 46 proposed actions for water reuse implementation.

While the federal government has provided a framework for water reuse, successful implementation will depend on local communities.
When the Distribution System Needs a NAP: Tackling One City's Nitrification Action Plan
Authors: Ybanez Crystal , Ramirez Gabriel , Becker William , Santos Marc
Published: January 2020

Key Takeaways

Recovering from nitrification can be difficult for a chloraminated drinking water system, so prevention, early detection, and swift mitigation are key.

The City of Corpus Christi (Tex.) changed its complex yet flexible nitrification action plan to make it more stringent and action‐oriented.

Using a mobile application in the field has enabled a near‐immediate response to water quality issues, including rechecking samples, flushing the sample station, or flushing nearby hydrants.