bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian Wedding Rituals
Authors: Kononenko Natalie
Published: September 2022

Traditional Ukrainian village weddings are rites of passage that affect the young couple, their families, and the entire village. Rural Ukrainians live in close proximity to one another with fields fanning out from the occupied center, a pattern that produces involvement in neighbors’ lives. Traditional weddings begin with rites of courtship that involve all unmarried young women and men. The marriage ceremony itself lasts several days and has songs, gift exchanges, and processions aimed at cementing the union of the couple and easing tensions between the family that surrenders their daughter to a different household and the groom’s home that takes in a stranger. The entire village is invited to the wedding, and once the wedding is complete, villagers continue celebrating by staging a carnival. Modern urban weddings are more private affairs with a limited number of guests. Elements of Soviet civil weddings have been incorporated in cities and villages.
Klezmer Music in Eastern Europe and in America
Authors: Feldman Walter Zev
Published: September 2022

From the sixteenth until the earlier twentieth century, the Yiddish term “klezmer” referred to a largely hereditary Ashkenazic Jewish musicians’ guild that played for Jewish weddings through most of northeastern Europe. The klezmer musicians created a largely unified series of musical genres for listening and for dancing. By the later nineteenth century klezmer families transplanted this repertoire to North America. The first scholarship on this music was created by scholars in the tsarist empire and then in the Soviet Union. After the Holocaust, most of what survived from the klezmer repertoire and performance style was located in the United States. It was in New York that a serious revitalization movement began in the later 1970s, largely through apprenticeships with the remaining master klezmorim. By the early decades of the twenty-first century klezmer music had become a worldwide phenomenon, also taking in new generations of Russian and Ukrainian-Jewish performers, along with many non-Jewish musicians, from Berlin to Tokyo.
Tambura Bands and Sonic Flag Rituals in Croatian Weddings
Authors: MacMillen Ian
Published: September 2022

Based upon fieldwork with tambura chordophone bands at Croatian weddings, this chapter examines the musical procession of flags in wedding convoys. Scholars typically see flags’ symbolic roles as more semiotically limited than those of national music, but this assumes both forms’ stability (as symbols for interpretation) and discreteness from other sensory phenomena; these conditions do not hold as banners are lifted from static positions (where onlookers view them in two dimensions) into chaotic scenes obscured by automobiles, flares, and smoke. Tambura songs blasted by car speakers and live musicians similarly merge with horns and screeching tires, contributing to the ritual’s affective power while relinquishing some of their sonic and semiotic primacy. The flag’s procession facilitates an affective non-memorial: a revisiting of past perceptual intensities that, in invoking sounds and visuals from past patriotic moments using traditional music and ceremonial magic, is more about transformation from liminal states than about remembering.
Machiavelli and the Rhetoric of Republicanism
Authors: McCormick John P.
Published: September 2022

Scholars affiliated with the “Cambridge School,” most notably, J. G. A. Pocock and Quentin Skinner, accentuate rule of law, the common good, class equilibrium, and republican liberty in Machiavelli’s writings but dramatically underestimate the Florentine’s preference for class conflict and underplay his insistence on popular empowerment and elite accountability. I argue that they obscure the extent of Machiavelli’s antiaristocratic criticism of the republican tradition, which they fail to disclose is predominantly oligarchic in character. Furthermore, the prescriptive lessons that these scholars draw from republicanism for contemporary politics reinforce rather than reform the “senatorial,” electorally based, and socioeconomically agnostic republican model (originally devised by Machiavelli’s aristocratic interlocutor, Guicciardini, and later refined by Madison and Schumpeter) that permits common citizens to acclaim or reject but never determine public policy. Ultimately, Cambridge School hermeneutic endeavors and political interventions have little connection with Machiavelli’s “tribunate,” class-specific model of popular government elaborated in the Discourses, one that relies on extra-electoral accountability measures and embraces popular judgment over lawmaking and political trials.
“Always Watching Ourselves”
Authors: Garsten Bryan
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores links between Benjamin Constant’s Romantic portrayal of the modern character in his fiction and his defense of representative government and liberalism. While Constant thought institutional design could help encourage more productive and less violent forms of political controversy, he understood that the institutions of representative government worked best when citizens had certain dispositions. The detached and self-critical sort of character he depicted in his fiction paralleled the detached and self-critical nature of parliamentary democracy. Constant hoped that the self-alienation endemic to modernity might help make possible the peaceful practice of rhetorical controversy in postrevolutionary liberal politics.
Quasi-Metaphoricity and the Turning Force of Alterity
Authors: Cheah Pheng
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the implications of Jacques Derrida’s deconstructive understanding of the process of metaphorization for the critique of the metaphysical humanism of the proper in political thought. In his early writings, Derrida suggests that the metaphorical process is rooted in and points to a radical force that arises from temporalization and the inhuman coming of time. In his later writings, Derrida’s attention to this inhuman force involves a rethinking of the political and its fundamental concepts such as sovereignty, fraternity, and autonomy from the ground up.
Skryabin’s Mystical Space and the Spectral Attitude
Authors: Smith Kenneth
Published: September 2022

Following Marilyn Nonken in isolating the Russian pianist-composer Alexander Skryabin as one of spectralism’s principal progenitors, this chapter’s main focus is the pitch construction of Skryabin’s two miniatures Masques and Etrangeté op. 63 (1912), comparing their harmonic and rhythmic gestures with Tristan Murail’s suite for piano Les Travaux et les Jours (2002). The ultimate aims of this chapter in this comparison are two-fold: first, using the more recent phenomenon of spectral music, it sheds new light on a debate that stretches back at least a century to reassess the influence of the spectrum of upper partials on Skryabin’s compositions, showing how the terms of the debate need to be placed in a framework in which his stated intentions are critically assessed alongside the “music itself”; second, it explores the possibilities, realized by Skryabin and Murail in turn, hopefully of inspiration to future composers, of drawing creativity from the untempered overtone series in compositions that are limited to equal-temperament—in this case the piano—creating, under the banner of what might be called the “spectral attitude,” effects analogous to those produced by electronics and acoustically more dextrous instruments.
Buddhism and Film Theory
Authors: Fan Victor
Published: September 2022

For many years, the role Buddhism played in twentieth-century Chinese intellectual thinking on cinema has been grossly underestimated. In this chapter, I argue that by addressing Buddhism’s footprint in early twentieth-century intellectual discussions of cinema, one can access a deeper register of how these thinkers might have understood cinema ontology and the relationship between its spectators and reality. I first address the question of why it is important to designate Chinese film criticism as part of the larger topos in global film theory. I also outline the historical development of film thinking and writing between the late-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries in China. Then, I explicate the role of Buddhism in late-Qing and early-Republican intellectual debates. With these contexts in mind, I illustrate how Buddhism can offer us new insights into certain impasses in the current debates in film and media studies.
Interested and Disinterested Judgments
Authors: Morgan Daniel
Published: September 2022

The past twenty years have seen the reemergence of aesthetics as a critical category in the humanities. The terms proliferate: ornamental aesthetics, Black aesthetics, relational aesthetics. migratory aesthetics, blockbuster aesthetics, postcolonial aesthetics, and so on. Surveying the rise of aesthetics, this chapter focuses on cinema and media studies to isolate a tension between a cognitive model of aesthetics, broadly oriented toward an account of the cultural significance of art, and a sensory model, attuned to the immanence of encounter and the dynamics of nonconscious experience. As a way to bridge this divide, I suggest, a number of theorists have recently turned to Hannah Arendt’s writings on aesthetic judgment, using them to create a new link between aesthetics and politics, but I argue that the terms of Arendt’s analysis prove curiously incompatible with the powers and possibilities of moving-image media. Responding to the interest in Arendt, I show how Orson Welles’s The Trial (1962) stages aesthetic judgments against a range of other practices and forms of life, and that the disruptive style in the film offers—based centrally around the investments we have in and the various kinds of desire we have for images—raises a set of questions that provide a new avenue for aesthetic thought within the domain of film and media theory.
The Many Bodies of the Dancer-Actress
Authors: Iyer Usha
Published: September 2022

Much of the (rather meager) scholarship on film acting draws from theater-related discourses on emoting, voice, and presence, to the extent that a comparison with theater has overdetermined these studies. This chapter explores the critical consequences for theorizations of acting when we read it alongside dancing and corporeal theories of embodiment and impersonation. Theorizing acting through dancing prompts a reconfiguration of standards for acting that are predominantly founded on rubrics of psychological realism, transparency, and face-centered emoting, and shifts our focus to gesture, movement, the occupation of space, and mobilization of cinematic technologies by moving bodies. This focus on dance reenvisions acting as a choreographic phenomenon, investing theories of film performance with corporeal presence, drawing our attention to the thick materiality of laboring, moving bodies. A corporeally grounded theorization of film acting requires an engagement with regimes of training, rehearsal, and production cultures. The chapter draws examples from Hindi cinema of the 1950s to examine how dance training influences acting repertoires, and how this interpretive shift toward movement, gesture, and bodily comportment might alter our understanding of labor, virtuosity, and technique. It engages as well with Indian theories of abhinaya or expression to trace longer histories of acting. A corporeally grounded theory of screen performance affords a conceptual framework that may be extended to other cinemas and other kinds of performing bodies undergirded by movement. When we turn to dance to theorize film acting, we may affirm: “When I think of actors, I think of their bodies.”
Introduction
Authors: Stevens Kyle
Published: September 2022

Around the turn of the last century, both parts of “film theory” were put on life support. The shift to digital technologies threatened the materiality of film, and respected scholars pronounced the field of film studies to be “posttheory,” effecting a move into the new area of film and philosophy. But films—movies—are alive and well, whereas theory is not. This introduction resuscitates film theory by contrasting the philosophically true with the theoretically useful, urging for a reembrace of what theory makes possible for us to think. It is theory’s speculative utensils that afford the possibility of returning to film studies’ original dream of contributing to the larger project of social emancipation, for the value of film theory lies not solely in evaluating or understanding films and filmic technique but in understanding culture and its institutions.
“The Fold of Old Wounds”
Authors: Keeling Kara
Published: September 2022

This chapter takes Julie Dash’s 1991 film Daughters of the Dust as itself the “theory” that might offer insights into selected issues raised by Eve’s Bayou and Mississippi Damned. It has two foci. The first is in how time and temporality participate in a cinematic project having to do with Blackness, violence, and gender that these films share. The second, related to the first, addresses the ways that these films forge the concept “Black woman” cinematically to bring sexual violence to the fore as a constitutive violence of White supremacy.
The Role of Alpha and Beta Oscillations in the Human EEG During Perception and Memory Processes
Authors: Michelmann Sebastian , Griffiths Benjamin , Hanslmayr Simon
Published: September 2022

Traditionally alpha and beta oscillations have been viewed a passive phenomenon, being active only when our minds are idling. Empirical evidence over the last two decades challenges this classic view and suggests that alpha/beta oscillations play a much more active role during cognitive processes. In the human brain, alpha oscillations influence processing of large neural ensembles by regulating the strength of synchronization within these ensembles and by providing discrete time windows for firing. With EEG recordings we can observe these two mechanisms via modulations of the signal strength (i.e., power) and modulations of phase, respectively. This chapter focuses on these two signal properties of alpha/beta oscillations and reviews studies that investigated the relevance of alpha power and phase modulations in tasks involving perception and memory processes. These studies reveal a reduction in alpha/beta power when a stimulus is being perceived or mentally replayed. Furthermore, alpha phase reflects rhythmical sampling of stimulus information during perception, and the replay of that information during retrieval. Based on these findings, we argue that alpha oscillations play an active role in representing information-rich content in the brain. Importantly, alpha/beta oscillations perform this function regardless of whether the information is being presented externally, as is the case in perception, or whether it is being generated internally, as is the case in memory retrieval.
Logic Behind EEG Frequency Analysis
Authors: Curham Kyle J. , Allen John J. B.
Published: September 2022

EEG provides a measure of the brain’s electrical activity as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In order to successfully measure and interpret these signals, a basic understanding of electricity and signal processing is prerequisite. This chapter, written at the beginner level, explains the electrical bases behind EEG such as grounding, voltage, current, power, frequency, and phase. Moreover, this chapter introduces basic signal processing techniques such as referencing, filtering, artifact handling, segmenting, windowing, and averaging. Finally, it provides an overview of approaches for examining time-domain (voltage by time) and frequency-domain (power by frequency) measures. EEG frequency analyses derive their theoretical basis from the Fourier transformation, a mathematical operation that represents the raw signal as a linear combination of sinusoidal waveforms of varying frequency. EEG frequency-domain analyses characterize frequency-dependent features, such as power and phase, in relation to cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Extending Fourier methods, which do not dynamically characterize how the frequency content of the signal changes over time, EEG time-frequency analyses are introduced to investigate non-stationary signal features.
Gamma Activity in Sensory and Cognitive Processing
Authors: Strüber Daniel , Herrmann Christoph S.
Published: September 2022

Gamma band activity is believed to reflect sensory processing and is often recorded from EEG electrodes associated with sensory cortices. When recorded from such sites, gamma activity is thought to be involved in sensory processing, specifically object representation. Beyond simple object representation, gamma activity may serve “higher-order” cognitive functions, such as goal-directed attention and working memory. Interestingly, disturbed gamma activity has been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and Alzheimer’s disease. Gamma activity can occur as an early evoked response tightly phase-locked to stimulus onset or as a later induced response that jitters from trial to trial. This chapter details the current findings in the gamma band and addresses important methodological issues in this area.
Event Co-Creation
Authors: van den Ende Leonore
Published: September 2022

Increasingly, the evolution of artistic and cultural events like festivals evidences a shift from mere spectatorship to active participation, where attendees are construed as productive agents, creatively and constructively engaged with the event, driven more by a desire for self-expression than merely for entertainment. This development of “event co-creation” increasingly involves the audience in artistic and cultural programming, with an emphasis on immersion and play, rather than solely relying on presentational frameworks that solicit spectatorship. This chapter aims to study the recent development of event co-creation and how this allows for the development of novel perspectives for arts and cultural management. This chapter is based on ethnographic and qualitative research on festivals that are intentionally organized as co-creative events in the sense that they enable the active participation of multiple actors, including attendees. Utilizing a conceptual lens of “ritualization”—here understood as a culturally strategic practice for making distinctions and “making special”—this research shows how festivals serve as liminal spaces that enable an immersive, participatory experience, in contrast to ordinary, everyday settings and activities. The research further shows how event organizers strategically design and program festivals to enable co-creation as a kind of “programmed freedom,” rather than it being a purely bottom-up process that emerges in situ. The contribution of this chapter is a participatory perspective on arts and cultural management, focused on the organization of liminal spaces that facilitate cultural participation and (co-)production, and are thus instilled with innovative and transformative capacity.
Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid modulate systemic reactive oxygen species signaling during stress responses
Authors: Myers Ronald J , Fichman Yosef , Zandalinas Sara I , Mittler Ron
Published: September 2022

Plants can send long-distance cell-to-cell signals from a single tissue subjected to stress to the entire plant. This ability is termed “systemic signaling” and is essential for plant acclimation to stress and/or defense against pathogens. Several signaling mechanisms are associated with systemic signaling, including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) wave, calcium wave, hydraulic wave, and electric signals. The ROS wave coordinates multiple physiological, molecular, and metabolic responses among different parts of the plant and is essential for systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) to stress. In addition, it is linked with several plant hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA). However, how these plant hormones modulate the ROS wave and whether they are required for SAA is not clear. Here we report that SA and JA play antagonistic roles in modulating the ROS wave in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). While SA augments the ROS wave, JA suppresses it during responses to local wounding or high light (HL) stress treatments. We further show that ethylene and ABA are essential for regulation of the ROS wave during systemic responses to local wounding treatment. Interestingly, we found that the redox-response protein NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED PROTEIN 1 is required for systemic ROS accumulation in response to wounding or HL stress, as well as for SAA to HL stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that interplay between JA and SA might regulate systemic signaling and SAA during responses of plants to abiotic stress or wounding.
What makes databases tick: Logics that underpin national databases for research output in Europe
Authors: Sīle Linda , de Rijcke Sarah
Published: September 2022

The increasing use of research metrics in the monitoring and evaluation of research has led to the expansion of research information infrastructure, as indicated by the rising number of national databases for research output and research information systems. At the same time, debates on requirements of national databases for research output are typically guided by simplistic assumptions about what an infrastructure is and how it shapes our understanding of different phenomena. We present an alternative framing of databases wherein infrastructure and context are seen as mutually constitutive. Drawing upon qualitative data on 12 national databases in Europe, we investigate the role that databases for research output play in research metrics and consequently in our understanding of research activities. Specifically, we bring to the surface database features that are typically left implicit and yet are crucial for understanding these databases in context. A key outcome of this study is an identification of two database logics—New Public Management and Enlightenment—that underpin database designs and the organization of database work. These logics do not merely guide practical database work (e.g. by determining the features of highest priority), but through the outcomes of that work they both enact and distribute a particular conception of what research is. In this article, we show how the two logics manifest and how they are related to each other. Situating these findings in the landscape of developments in research information infrastructure, we discuss implications for research evaluation and the understanding of research in general.
Association between beverage consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study from the French E3N Cohort
Authors: Ascione Sophia , Barde François , Artaud Fanny , Nguyen Yann , Macdonald Conor , Mariette Xavier , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Salliot Carine , Seror Raphaèle
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To assess the relationship between consumption of largely consumed beverages (coffee, tea, alcohol and soft drinks) and the risk of RA.

Material and methods

The E3N Study (Étude Épidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Éducation Nationale) is a French prospective cohort including 98 995 women since 1990. Food and beverage consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CI for incident RA were estimated by Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Among 62 631 women, 481 incident RA cases were identified. Consumptions of tea, alcohol and sugar-sweetened soft drinks were not associated with RA risk. We observed a linear association between coffee consumption and RA risk [≥4 cups/day vs ≤1cup/day, HR  =  1.24; 95% CI (0.94, 1.64), Ptrend  =  0.04], and a higher risk of RA with artificially sweetened soft drinks consumption [consumers vs not, HR  =  1.66; 95% CI (1.12, 2.45)], particularly in never-smokers. Among ever-smokers, moderate liquor intake was associated with a reduced risk of RA [1–3 glasses/week vs non-consumers, HR  =  0.63; 95% CI (0.43, 0.91)] and moderate wine consumption with a reduced risk of seropositive RA.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of women, tea, alcohol and sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption was not associated with RA risk, whereas consumption of coffee (especially caffeinated coffee), and artificially sweetened soft drinks was associated with higher RA risk, particularly among never-smokers. If further confirmed, these results could lead to novel mechanistic hypotheses and to simple prevention measures.
Holding residential property on inter vivos trusts in Singapore: transfers to trustees
Authors: Ooi Vincent
Published: September 2022

As a response to the “missing beneficial owner” problem highlighted by the Zhao Hui Fang case, amendments have been made to Singapore’s stamp duty regime. ABSD will now be levied at 35% on transfers of residential property to trustees, with a remission available if certain conditions are met. These conditions effectively mean that residential property held on inter vivos trusts in Singapore must be given to beneficiaries without conditions or powers of revocation or variation. This has major ramifications for succession planning, since such restrictions largely defeat the purpose of using a trust to hold property in the first place.
Holding residential property on inter vivos trusts in Singapore: transfers of equity interests
Authors: Ooi Vincent
Published: September 2022

Following amendments to the ACD regime in Singapore, transferring equity interests to and from a trust with no beneficial owners will attract ACD, as will the exercise of a power of appointment by a trustee to grant equity interests to a beneficiary. Renunciation of interests in a bare trust will also attract ACD. Together with the introduction of ABSD (Trust), it is now impractical to use trusts to hold residential properties for succession planning purposes. Remaining options are to gift the properties without any strings attached or bequeath the properties in a will and risk subsequent changes to death taxation.
EU private law injustices
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W
Published: September 2022

This article offers a critique of injustices in European private law. It explains why the EU should be held morally responsible for the injustices created or supported by its private law. In particular, it demonstrates for several core elements of EU private law that they are unjust, because they cannot be justified with non-rejectable reasons, and insofar lead to domination by EU private law. This is the case, especially, for EU private law’s consumerism, its Eurocentrism, its constitutionalized market-functionalism, its doctrinal and judicial expert government, and its blindness towards intersectional domination. The article also critically discusses, and rejects, various theories offering blueprints for an ideal European private law system. Instead, it argues for the priority of democratic justice and for an urgent focus on salient injustices in EU private law’s theory and practice.
Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Gene SsCI51640 Is Required for Sporisorium scitamineum Mating/Filamentation by Regulating cAMP Pathway and Improving Sporidia Environmental Adaptability
Authors: Cai Yichang , Bai Feng , Chen Jiaoyun , Li Wenjia , Bao Han , Zhang Yi , Chen Jianwen , Shen Wankuan
Published: September 2022

Sugarcane smut is a serious disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, which causes significant losses to the sugar industry. It is critical to reveal the molecular pathogenic mechanism of S. scitamineum to explore a new control strategy for sugarcane smut. On the basis of transcriptome sequencing data of two S. scitamineum strains with different pathogenicity, we identified the gene, SsCI51640, which was predicted to encode kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. In this study, we obtained knockout mutants and complementary mutants of this gene and identified gene function. The results showed that the sporidial growth rate and acid production ability of knockout mutants were significantly higher and stronger than those of the wild-type and complementary mutants. The growth of knockout mutants under abiotic stress (osmotic stress and cell wall stress) was significantly inhibited. In addition, the sexual mating ability and pathogenicity of knockout mutants were significantly reduced, while this phenomenon could be restored by adding exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is thus speculated that the SsCI51640 gene may regulate sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum by the cAMP signaling pathway. Moreover, the SsCI51640 gene enhanced the sporidial environmental adaptability, which promoted sexual mating and development of pathogenicity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular pathogenesis of S. scitamineum.
Drug-Related Adverse Events Necessitating Treatment Discontinuation in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Salzmann Medea , von Graffenried Thea , Righini-Grunder Franziska , Braegger Christian , Spalinger Johannes , Schibli Susanne , Schoepfer Alain , Nydegger Andreas , Pittet Valérie , Sokollik Christiane ,   the Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires long-term drug therapy in most patients, posing a risk for adverse drug events with the need for discontinuation. In this study, we investigated adverse events (AE) necessitating drug discontinuation in pediatric and adolescent IBD patients.

Methods:

We used data prospectively collected from IBD patients below the age of 18 enrolled in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study (SIBDCS), namely demographic variables, medical characteristics, drug treatments, and related AE. We analyzed the frequency, type, and risk factors for AE necessitating drug discontinuation.

Results:

A total of 509 pediatric IBD patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of which 262 (51.5%) were diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD), 206 (40.5%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 41 (8%) with IBD-unclassified (IBD-U). In total, 132 (25.9%) presented with at least 1 drug-related AE that required drug cessation. Immunomodulators [methotrexate 29/120 (24.2%), azathioprine 57/372 (15.3%)] followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists [adalimumab 8/72 (11.1%), infliximab 22/227 (9.7%)] accounted for the highest proportions of AE necessitating treatment discontinuation. Treatment schemes with at least 3 concomitant drugs significantly amplified the risk for development of drug-related AE [odds ratio = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (1.50–4.17)] in all pediatric IBD patients.

Conclusions:

Drug-related AE necessitating discontinuation are common in pediatric and adolescent IBD patients. Caution needs to be taken in the case of concomitant drug use.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Head Trauma and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary School Children Admitted to the Emergency Department
Authors: Beyoglu Resad , Erdur Bulent
Published: September 2022

Objective

Head trauma causes a significant number of deaths as well as temporary and permanent disabilities every year. In this study, the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in primary school children who visited the emergency department (ED) for mild head trauma and the role of ADHD in mild head trauma of this age group were investigated.

Methods

It was performed with 134 children of primary school age (6–12 years) who were admitted to the ED with mild head trauma and 134 children (control group) who presented with complaints other than head trauma. Turgay DSM-IV–Based Child and Adolescent Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was used to evaluate the children for suspected ADHD. According to this scale, some children were referred to the child and adolescent psychiatry department (CAPD) for further evaluation. At the CAPD outpatient clinics, the children who were referred from the ED were examined in detail according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, for possible diagnosis of ADHD. After evaluation of their sociodemographic characteristics and the ADHD test scores that were recorded, the diagnosis of ADHD in these children was established or ruled out.

Results

It was observed that 41 of the 134 children (30.60%) who presented to the ED with mild head trauma and 12 of the 134 children (8.96%) in the control group were diagnosed with ADHD (P = 0.0001). When ADHD is corrected for sex, 29 of the 41 cases (70.7%) diagnosed with ADHD were boys and 12 (29.3%) were girls (P = 0.000). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, when the patients who had been diagnosed with ADHD were grouped according to the ages of the children, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of ADHD (P = 0.097).

Conclusions

The prevalence of ADHD has been found to be higher in children of primary school age who present to the ED with mild head trauma. Hence, it can be deduced that the diagnosis of childhood ADHD increases the risk of presenting to the ED with head trauma. We believe that it is very important to keep the possible diagnosis of ADHD in mind and to refer that cases to the CAPD in case of high clinical suspicion, especially in primary school boys who are admitted to the ED with mild head trauma. We believe that in this way, morbidity and mortality due to head trauma in this age group can be significantly reduced.
Preliminary report on the provision of HIV care to war refugees with HIV who are migrating from Ukraine: data from the ECEE Network Group
Authors: Kowalska Justyna D. , Rukhadze Nino , Sojak Lubomir , Bociaga-Jasik Monika , Sedlacek Dalibor , Matulionyte Raimonda , Jilich David , Yancheva Nina , Papadopoulos Antonios , Rozplochowski Blazej , Patrascu Raluca , Aimla Kersti , Begovac Josip , Parczewski Miłosz , Golovco Elena , Bielec Dariusz , Bartovská Zofia , Shembri Aaron , Zvirbulis Viesturs , Hlebowicz Maria , Kocbach Piotr , Lakatos Botond
Published: September 2022

The ECEE Network Group investigated early provision of HIV care to war refugees migrating from Ukraine in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) through an online survey. Fourteen countries admitting war refugees from Ukraine on March 31, 2022, completed the survey. Most centers (86%) organized provision of same day antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 30 days (77%), but indicated that it may affect the local HIV care. CEE countries put effective emergency mechanisms, which need continuation with international support.
Feasibility of a Robot-Assisted Surgical Navigation System for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Hemifacial Microsomia: A Model Experiment
Authors: Kim Byeong Seop , Zhang Ziwei , Sun Mengzhe , Han Wenqing , Chen Xiaojun , Yan Yingjie , Shi Yunyong , Xu Haisong , Lin Li , Chai Gang
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of osteotomy and distractor placement using a robotic navigation system in a model surgical experiment of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for hemifacial microsomia. Imaging data from 5 patients with Pruzansky-Kaban type II (IIa: 4; IIb: 1) mandibular deformities were used to print 3D models for simulated mandibular distraction osteogenesis. In the experimental group, a robot-assisted surgical navigation system was used to perform the surgery under robotic guidance following registration, according to the preoperative design. Conventional surgery was performed in the control group, in which the operation was based on intraoperative estimations of the preoperative design by experienced surgeons. The accuracies of the osteotomy and distractor placement were assessed based on distance and angular error. Osteotomy accuracy was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the distance error (t=9.311, P<0.001) and angular error (t=5.385, P=0.001) were significantly reduced. The accuracy of distractor placement was also significantly higher in the experimental group, while the distance error (t=3.048, P=0.016) and angular error (t=3.524, P=0.024) were significantly reduced. The present results highlight the feasibility of robot-assisted distraction osteogenesis combined with electromagnetic navigation for improved surgical precision in clinical settings.
Sphingomonas baiyangensis sp. nov., isolated from water in Baiyang Lake
Authors: Wei Da-Wei , Yang Yunzhen , Zeng Yuan , Wang Chao , Feng Jie
Published: September 2022

A novel Gram-stain-negative, short-rod-shaped, orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated L-1–4 w-11T, was isolated from Baiyang Lake in China. The strain grew at 15–35 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 7–8 (optimum pH 7) in TSA medium. The predominant polar lipids of strain L-1–4 w-11T were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified lipids; the major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω6c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c); and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). Strain L-1–4 w-11T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to

Sphingomonas japonica

JCM 15438T (98.3 %) and

S. spermidinifaciens

GDMCC 1.657T (98.0 %). The draft genome size of strain L-1–4 w-11T was 3.3 Mbp, and the G+C content was 67.8 mol%. Digital DNA–DNA hydridization and average nucleotide identity values between the genome sequences of strain L-1–4 w-11T and

S. spermidinifaciens

GDMCC 1.657T (76.9 and 21.0 %),

S. japonica

JCM 15438T (76.0 and 19.9 %) and

S. paucimobilis

CGMCC 1.12825T (72.8 and 19.6 %) were far below the thresholds for prokaryotic conspecific assignment. With the evidence from the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, we propose that strain L-1–4 w-11T represents a novel

Sphingomonas

species with the name S. baiyangensis sp. nov. The type strain is L-1–4 w-11T (=CGMCC 1.13572T=JCM 33962T).
A potential transition from a concentrated to a generalized HIV epidemic: the case of Madagascar
Authors: Alonso David , Vallès Xavier
Published: September 2022

HIV expansion is controlled by a range of interrelated factors, including the natural history of HIV infection and socio-economical and structural factors. However, how they dynamically interact in particular contexts to drive a transition from concentrated HIV epidemics in vulnerable groups to generalized epidemics is poorly understood. We developed a compartmental dynamic model using available data from Madagascar, a country with a contrasting concentrated epidemic, to explore the interaction between these factors with special consideration of commercial and transactional sex as HIV-infection drivers. The model predicts sigmoidal-like prevalence curves with turning points within years 2020-2022, and prevalence reaching stabilization by 2033 within 9 to 24% in the studied (10 out of 11) cities, similar to high-prevalence regions in Southern Africa. Circumcision could have slowed down HIV propagation, but, given the key interplay between risky behaviors associated to young women and acute infections prevalence, mediated by transactional sex, the protective effect of circumcision is currently insufficient to contain the expansion of the disease in Madagascar. These results suggest that Madagascar may be experiencing a silent transition from a concentrated to a generalized HIV epidemic. This case-study model could help to understand how this HIV epidemic transition occurs.
Constitutively active Lyn kinase causes a cutaneous small vessel vasculitis and liver fibrosis syndrome
Authors: de Jesus Adriana A. , Chen Guibin , Yang Dan , Brdicka Tomas , Ruth Natasha , Bennin David , Cebecauerova Dita , Malcova Hana , Freeman Helen , Martin Neil , Svojgr Karel , Paso Murray , Bhuyan Farzana , Alehashemi Sara , Rastegar Andre , Uss Kat , Kardova Lela , Marrero Bernadette , Duric Iris , Omoyinmi Ebun , Peldova Petra , Lee Chyi-Chia Richard , Kleiner David E. , Hadigan Colleen M. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Pittaluga Stefania , Carmona-Rivera Carmelo , Calvo Katherine R. , Shah Nirali , Balascakova Miroslava , Fink Danielle , Kotalova Radana , Parackova Zuzana , Peterkova Lucie , Kuzilkova Daniela , Campr Vit , Sramkova Lucie , Biancotto Angelique , Brooks Stephen R. , Manes Cameron , Meffre Eric , Harper Rebecca L. , Kuehn Hyesun , Kaplan Mariana J. , Brogan Paul , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , Merchant Melinda , Deng Zuoming , Huttenlocher Anna , Moir Susan , Kuhns Doug , Boehm Manfred , Kramarzova Karolina Skvarova , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela
Published: September 2022

Neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases; pathomechanisms that regulate extravasation of damaging immune cells into surrounding tissues are poorly understood. We identified three unrelated boys with perinatal-onset of neutrophilic cutaneous small vessel vasculitis and systemic inflammation. Two patients developed liver fibrosis in their first year of life. Next-generation sequencing identified two de novo truncating variants in the Src-family tyrosine kinase, LYN, p.Y508*, p.Q507* and a de novo missense variant, p.Y508F, that result in constitutive activation of Lyn kinase. Functional studies reveal increased expression of ICAM-1 on induced patient-derived endothelial cells (iECs) and of β2-integrins on neutrophils that increase neutrophil adhesion and vascular transendothelial migration (TEM). Treatment with TNF inhibition improved systemic inflammation; and liver fibrosis resolved on treatment with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib. These findings reveal a critical role for Lyn kinase in modulating inflammatory signals, regulating microvascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment, and in promoting hepatic fibrosis.
Polygenic Susceptibility to Hypertension is Associated with Worse Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Persons without Dementia
Authors: Rivier Cyprien , Szejko Natalia , Renedo Daniela , Noche Rommell , Acosta Julian N. , Both Cameron P. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , De Havenon Adam , Sheth Kevin N. , Gill Thomas M. , Falcone Guido J.
Published: September 2022

Background

Mounting evidence indicates that hypertension leads to higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Hypertension is a highly heritable trait and a higher polygenic susceptibility to hypertension (PSH) is known to be associated with higher risk of dementia. We tested the hypothesis that a higher PSH leads to worse cognitive performance in middle-aged persons without dementia.

Methods

We conducted a nested, cross-sectional, genetic study within the UK Biobank, a large population study that enrolled middle-aged Britons. Study participants with a history of dementia or stroke were excluded. We categorized participants as having low (≤20th percentile), intermediate (>20th and <80th percentile), or high (≥80th percentile) PSH according to results of 2 polygenic risk scores for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), generated with genomic data on 732 genetic risk variants for these traits. Cognitive performance was evaluated via 5 simple tests: Pairs Memory, Reaction Time, Numeric Memory, Prospective Memory and Fluid Intelligence. A general cognitive ability score was calculated as the first principal component of a principal component analysis that included the results of these 5 tests. Primary analyses focused on Europeans and secondary analyses included all race/ethnic groups.

Results

Out of 409,551 study participants of European ancestry with available genomic data, 42,080 (10.3%) completed all 5 tests. Multivariable regression models using systolic BP-related genetic variants indicated that, compared to study participants with low PSH, those with intermediate and high PSH had reductions of 3.9% (beta -0.039, SE 0.012) and 6.6% (beta - 0.066, SE 0.014), respectively, in their general cognitive ability score (test for trend p <0.001). Secondary analyses including all race/ethnic groups (n=48,118) and using diastolic BP-related genetic variants yielded similar results (both instances, p<0.05). Analyses evaluating each cognitive test separately indicated that Reaction Time, Numeric Memory and Fluid Intelligence drove the association of PSH with the general cognitive ability score (all individual tests, p<0.05).

Conclusions

Among non-demented, community-dwelling, middle-aged Britons, a higher PSH is associated with worse cognitive performance. These findings suggest the genetic predisposition to hypertension influence brain health in persons who have not yet developed dementia.
Adolescent Anxiety and TikTok. An exploratory study
Authors: Zheluk Andrey , Anderson Judith , Dineen – Griffin Sarah
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION

Social media is ubiquitous in adolescents’ lives. TikTok is a medium primarily used by adolescents and young adults under 30 years. TikTok is thus an appropriate social media platform with which to examine discussions of anxiety among this age cohort. In this exploratory mixed-methods study we aimed to evaluate the scope of anxiety content available on TikTok in English in December 2021, and to further develop methods for analysing TikTok content.

METHOD

We analysed a data set of 147 TikToks with the hashtag #anxiety. The data set consisted both of metadata and TikTok videos. This data set represented 18% of all TikToks featuring the hashtag #anxiety in December 2021. We examined the following research questions (RQs). RQ1: What are the creator identities reflected in the final data set in this study?; RQ2: What are the metadata characteristics of the TikToks in the final data set?; RQ3: What are the anxiety content themes in the final data set?; and RQ4: What are the characteristics of the data set based on an anxiety management reference checklist?

RESULTS

Influencers were the most frequent creator identity in our data set. Influencers comprised 85.5% of the 147 TikToks in our final data set. We coded 79 (54%) female and 45 male (31%) influencers. We found male influencers created the most played (mean 81 147 062), and most liked (mean 1 510 585) TikToks. We found content themes varied by influencer gender. Notable finding were: the greater use of humour by males (22.7% males; n=10, and females 12.7%; n=10); and inspiration (38.6%; males n=17; and 13.9%; females n=11). Among female influencers, we identified self-disclosure as the most common theme (n= 40 and 50.6% compared with n=11 and 25% male influencers). Overall, we found limited references to evidence-based anxiety self-care content in our final data set.

DISCUSSION

We suggest that the TikToks in our data set were primarily directed at raising awareness of and de-stigmatising anxiety symptoms. TikTok anxiety content may be viewed by adolescents for emotional self-regulation, beyond evidence-based health information seeking. Self-disclosure on TikTok may also provide symptomatic relief to adolescents with anxiety. We suggest that gender is a salient consideration when considering TikTok content.

CONCLUSIONS

Our content findings are broadly consistent with previous research into adolescent use of social media. This research also provides methodological insights for researchers and clinicians seeking to understand TikTok, and to develop engaging content targeted at the specific concerns and preferences of adolescent TikTok consumers.