bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The additional tibial stem extension is not mandatory for the stability of 5 mm metal block augmented tibial prosthesis construct in primary total knee arthroplasty: 5-year minimum follow-up results
Authors: Ryu Jae Joon , Kim Yeong Hwan , Choi Choong Hyeok
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To determine whether additional stem extension for stability is necessary, we performed mid-term follow-up of patients who had been managed with 5-mm metal block augmentation for a tibial defect, where tibial prosthesis was fixed using bone cement without stem extension. Also, we evaluated clinical and radiologic results including survival rate of patients without stem extension.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients with tibial bone defect, had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty, and had been treated with 5-mm metal block augmentation without stem extension between March 2003 and September 2013. Among 74 patients (80 cases), 47 patients (52 cases) were followed up for at least 5 years.

Results

Mean flexion contracture improved from 8.8° (0–40°) preoperatively to 0.4° (−5° to 15°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), but there was no significant change in the mean angle of great flexion: 124.6° (75–150°) preoperatively and 126.2° (90–145°) at final follow-up (P = 0.488). Mean range of motion improved from 115.8° (35–150°) preoperatively to 125.5° (90–145°) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). Mean knee score improved from 38.7 points (0–66 points) preoperatively to 93.2 points (79–100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01), and mean functional score also improved from 50.4 points (10–70 points) preoperatively to 81.8 points (15–100 points) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). The mean postoperative Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis score was 19.5 points (0–66.0 points). The mean femorotibial angle was corrected from 9.0° varus (23.0° varus–6.3° valgus) preoperatively to 5.5° valgus (2.2° varus–11.1° valgus) at final follow-up (P < 0.01). There was no change in the mean β-angle, which was 90.7° (87.2–94.9°) immediately postoperative and 90.8° (87.2–94.9°) at final follow-up (P = 0.748) and in the mean δ-angle, which was 86.2° (81.3–90.0°) immediately postoperative and 87.2° (83.1–96.5°) at final follow-up (P = 0.272). Radiolucent lines (RLL) were observed in ten cases (26.3%), and the mean RLL scores at final follow-up were 0.34 points (0–3 points) in the anteroposterior view and 0.42 points (0–6 points) in the lateral view. Scores for the RLL were ≤ 4 points in 36 cases, 5–9 points in two cases. Revision surgery due to aseptic loosening (three cases) is rarely required, and the Kaplan–Meier survival rate at 10 postoperative years was 96.4%

Conclusion

When performing 5-mm metal block augmentation for a proximal tibial defect, no additional tibial stem extension can be a good surgical option for the stability of tibial prosthetic construct and mid-term clinical and radiologic results.

Level of evidence

IV.
A fast wavefield reconstruction inversion solution in the frequency domain
Authors: Lin Yuzhao , van Leeuwen Tristan , Liu Huaishan , Sun Jian , Xing Lei
Published: February 2023

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) aims at estimating subsurface physical parameters by minimizing the misfit between simulated data and observations. FWI relies heavily on an accurate initial model and is less robust to measurement noise and physical assumptions in modeling. Compared with FWI, wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) is more robust to these uncertainties but faces high computational costs. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a new form of WRI. This reformulation takes the form of a traditional FWI formula, which includes a medium-dependent weight function, and can be easily incorporated into the current FWI workflow. This weight function contains the covariance matrices to characterize the distribution of uncertainties in measurements and physical assumptions. We discuss various options of the theoretical covariance matrix of the new inversion method and find how they relate to various well-known approaches, including FWI, WRI, and extended FWI. On the basis of the preceding comparison, we develop a theoretical covariance matrix definition based on the source. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our method with a source-dependent theoretical covariance matrix is more computationally efficient than conventional WRI while preserving a certain degree of robustness.
Low-rank-based residual statics estimation and correction
Authors: Alfaraj Ali M. , Verschuur D. J. (Eric) , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: February 2023

Surface consistency forms the basis for short-wavelength statics estimation. When raypaths in the near surface diverge from a normal incidence or when the normal moveout (NMO) velocity is inaccurate, surface-consistent methods may fail to estimate accurate statics. Existing nonsurface-consistent techniques can be prone to errors due to the need to construct pilot traces or pick horizons while imposing additional computational costs. To overcome these limitations and correct for the surface- and nonsurface-consistent statics, we have developed a low-rank-based residual statics (LR-ReS) estimation and correction framework. The method makes use of the redundant nature of seismic data by using its low-rank structure in the midpoint-offset-frequency domain. Due to the near-surface effect, the low-rank structure is destroyed. Therefore, we estimate the statics by means of low-rank approximation and crosscorrelation. To alleviate the need for accurate rank selection for low-rank approximation and improved statics estimation, we implement the method in an iterative and multiscale fashion. Because the low-rank approximation deteriorates at high frequencies, we use its better performance at low frequencies and exploit the common statics among the different frequency bands. The LR-ReS estimation and correction can be applied to data without an NMO correction, which makes statics estimation independent of the NMO velocity errors. Consequently, it can reduce the multiple iterations of the NMO velocity estimation and short-wavelength statics correction commonly needed for conventional methods to improve their performance. Moreover, the LR-ReS estimation does not require windowing of a noise-free area containing aligned primaries or mute to avoid the NMO stretch effect, which enables statics correction of the wavefield of all offsets. To evaluate the performance of our method, we apply it to simulated data and a challenging field data set affected by complex weathering layers and noise, which indicate a substantial improvement compared with conventional short-wavelength statics correction.
Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment on internalising and anxiety behaviours in children: 12-year longitudinal study
Authors: Hutchison Sarah M. , Brain Ursula , Grunau Ruth E. , Kuzeljevic Boris , Irvine Mike , Mâsse Louise C. , Oberlander Tim F.
Published: February 2023

Background

Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant exposure is associated with increased internalising and anxious behaviours in young children; whether this continues into early adolescence is unknown. Also, it is not well established whether it is the in utero exposure to SSRIs or the underlying maternal mood that contributes more to these associations.

Aims

To examine associations between maternal depressive symptoms, prenatal SSRI antidepressant treatment and internalising and anxiety behaviours from childhood into pre-adolescence.

Method

From a prospective longitudinal cohort, measures of maternal depressive symptoms and SSRI use and child outcomes (n = 191 births) were obtained from the second trimester to 12 years. Maternal reports of internalising and anxiety behaviours in children were obtained at 3, 6 and 12 years.

Results

Multilevel mixed-effects models revealed that maternal depressed mood at the third trimester assessment, not prenatal SSRI exposure, was associated with longitudinal patterns of higher levels of internalising and anxiety behaviours across childhood from 3 to 12 years of age. At each age, hierarchical regressions showed that maternal mood at the third trimester, compared with current maternal depression or prenatal SSRI exposure, explained a greater proportion of the variance in internalising and anxiety behaviours.

Conclusions

Even with prenatal SSRI treatment, maternal depressed mood during the third trimester still had an enduring effect as it was associated with increased levels of internalising and anxiety behaviours across childhood and into early adolescence. Importantly, we found no evidence of a ‘main effect’ association between prenatal SSRI exposure and internalising and anxiety behaviours in children.
Circulating Tumor DNA Is Prognostic in Intermediate-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Abbou Samuel , Klega Kelly , Tsuji Junko , Tanhaemami Mohammad , Hall David , Barkauskas Donald A. , Krailo Mark D. , Cibulskis Carrie , Nag Anwesha , Thorner Aaron R. , Pollock Samuel , Imamovic-Tuco Alma , Shern Jack F. , DuBois Steven G. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Hawkins Douglas S. , Crompton Brian D.
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE

Novel biomarkers are needed to differentiate outcomes in intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (IR RMS). We sought to evaluate strategies for identifying circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in IR RMS and to determine whether ctDNA detection before therapy is associated with outcome.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Pretreatment serum and tumor samples were available from 124 patients with newly diagnosed IR RMS from the Children's Oncology Group biorepository, including 75 patients with fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) and 49 with fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) disease. We used ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing to detect copy number alterations and a new custom sequencing assay, Rhabdo-Seq, to detect rearrangements and single-nucleotide variants.

RESULTS

We found that ultralow passage whole-genome sequencing was a method applicable to ctDNA detection in all patients with FN-RMS and that ctDNA was detectable in 13 of 75 serum samples (17%). However, the use of Rhabdo-Seq in FN-RMS samples also identified single-nucleotide variants, such as MYOD1 L122R, previously associated with prognosis. Identification of pathognomonic translocations between PAX3 or PAX7 and FOXO1 by Rhabdo-Seq was the best method for measuring ctDNA in FP-RMS and detected ctDNA in 27 of 49 cases (55%). Patients with FN-RMS with detectable ctDNA at diagnosis had significantly worse outcomes than patients without detectable ctDNA (event-free survival, 33.3% v 68.9%; P = .0028; overall survival, 33.3% v 83.2%; P < .0001) as did patients with FP-RMS (event-free survival, 37% v 70%; P = .045; overall survival, 39.2% v 75%; P = .023). In multivariable analysis, ctDNA was independently associated with worse prognosis in FN-RMS but not in the smaller FP-RMS cohort.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates that baseline ctDNA detection is feasible and is prognostic in IR RMS.
Extended Survival in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer–Associated Brain Metastases in the Modern Era
Authors: Berger Assaf , Mullen Reed , Bernstein Kenneth , Alzate Juan Diego , Silverman Joshua S. , Sulman Erik P. , Donahue Bernadine R. , Chachoua Abraham , Shum Elaine , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Sabari Joshua , Golfinos John G. , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

Brain metastases (BM) have long been considered a terminal diagnosis with management mainly aimed at palliation and little hope for extended survival. Use of brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and/or resection, in addition to novel systemic therapies, has enabled improvements in overall and progression-free (PFS) survival.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the possibility of extended survival in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BM in the current era.

METHODS:

During the years 2008 to 2020, 606 patients with NSCLC underwent their first Gamma Knife SRS for BM at our institution with point-of-care data collection. We reviewed clinical, molecular, imaging, and treatment parameters to explore the relationship of such factors with survival.

RESULTS:

The median overall survival was 17 months (95% CI, 13-40). Predictors of increased survival in a multivariable analysis included age <65 years (P < .001), KPS ≥80 (P < .001), absence of extracranial metastases (P < .001), fewer BM at first SRS (≤3, P = .003), and targeted therapy (P = .005), whereas chemotherapy alone was associated with shorter survival (P = .04). In a subgroup of patients managed before 2016 (n = 264), 38 (14%) were long-term survivors (≥5 years), of which 16% required no active cancer treatment (systemic or brain) for ≥3 years by the end of their follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

Long-term survival in patients with brain metastases from NSCLC is feasible in the current era of SRS when combined with the use of effective targeted therapeutics. Of those living ≥5 years, the chance for living with stable disease without the need for active treatment for ≥3 years was 16%.
Acyclic (S)-glycol nucleic acid (S-GNA) modification of siRNAs improves the safety of RNAi therapeutics while maintaining potency
Authors: Egli Martin , Schlegel Mark K. , Manoharan Muthiah
Published: February 2023

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is an acyclic nucleic acid analog connected via phosphodiester bonds. Crystal structures of RNA–GNA chimeric duplexes indicated that nucleotides of the right-handed (S)-GNA were better accommodated in the right-handed RNA duplex than were the left-handed (R)-isomers. GNA nucleotides adopt a rotated nucleobase orientation within all duplex contexts, pairing with complementary RNA in a reverse Watson–Crick mode, which explains the inabilities of GNA C and G to form strong base pairs with complementary nucleotides. Transposition of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor pairs using novel (S)-GNA isocytidine and isoguanosine nucleotides resulted in stable base-pairing with the complementary G and C ribonucleotides, respectively. GNA nucleotide or dinucleotide incorporation into an oligonucleotide increased resistance against 3′-exonuclease-mediated degradation. Consistent with the structural observations, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) modified with (S)-GNA had greater in vitro potencies than identical sequences containing (R)-GNA. (S)-GNA is well tolerated in the seed regions of antisense and sense strands of a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA in vitro. The siRNAs containing a GNA base pair in the seed region had in vivo potency when subcutaneously injected into mice. Importantly, seed pairing destabilization resulting from a single GNA nucleotide at position 7 of the antisense strand mitigated RNAi-mediated off-target effects in a rodent model. Two GNA-modified siRNAs have shown an improved safety profile in humans compared with their non-GNA-modified counterparts, and several additional siRNAs containing the GNA modification are currently in clinical development.
Μελέτη της μηχανικής της αναπνοής σε καλοήθεις στενώσεις των μεγάλων αεραγωγών
Authors: Κοσσυβάκη Βασιλική
Published: February 2023

Πλαίσιο: Οι καλοήθεις στενώσεις των μεγάλων αεραγωγών μπορεί να υποτροπιάσουν μετά την αρχική αντιμετώπιση. Στόχοι: Αυτή η μελέτη είχε σαν στόχο να εκτιμήσει την αξία της δύσπνοιας και της σπιρομέτρησης στην αναγνώριση υποτροπής της στένωσης σε ασθενείς με καλοήθη στένωση στους μεγάλους αεραγωγούς, στην πλειοψηφία τους ασθενείς με μετά διασωλήνωση/τραχειοστομία στένωση της τραχείας. Μέθοδοι: Ασθενείς με καλοήθη στένωση τραχείας εκτιμήθηκαν μετά την αρχική αντιμετώπισή τους, σε προγραμματισμένες και σε επείγουσες επισκέψεις, με την Medical Research Council (MRC) κλίμακα δύσπνοιας, με σπιρομέτρηση και με εύκαμπτη βρογχοσκόπηση. Οι επισκέψεις των ασθενών κατατάχθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν, ως προς τη μεταβολή των κλινικών και λειτουργικών παραμέτρων, σε 2 ομάδες: επισκέψεις με υποτροπή (case group) και επισκέψεις χωρίς υποτροπή (control group). Εκτιμήθηκαν η ικανότητα της MRC κλίμακας δύσπνοιας και της σπιρομέτρησης για την πρόβλεψη της υποτροπής. Αποτελέσματα: Συμπεριελήφθησαν τριάντα πέντε ασθενείς με καλοήθη στένωση τραχείας. Η μέση διάρκεια παρακολούθησης ήταν 3,2 χρόνια (τυπική απόκλιση = 3,3). Αναλύθηκαν τα δεδομένα από 43 επισκέψεις με υποτροπή (23 ασθενείς) έναντι 90 επισκέψεων χωρίς υποτροπή. Ο βαθμός δύσπνοιας στην MRC κλίμακα και οι περισσότεροι σπιρομετρικοί δείκτες σχετίζονταν με την υποτροπή. Στην ανάλυση με καμπύλες λειτουργικού χαρακτηριστικού δέκτη (ROC), ο βίαια εκπνεόμενος όγκος στο 1ο δευτερόλεπτο (FEV1), η βίαια εκπνεόμενη ροή μετά την εκπνοή του 25% της βίαιης ζωτικής χωρητικότητας (FEF25%), η μέγιστη εκπνευστική ροή (PEF) και το άθροισμα των μέγιστων ροών (TPF, TPF = PEF + |PIF|) ήταν ανώτεροι του βαθμού δύσπνοιας στην MRC κλίμακα για την πρόβλεψη της υποτροπής. Μεταξύ των σπιρομετρικών δεικτών, η μείωση της PEF κατά >10,8% ήταν πολύ ευαίσθητος και ειδικός δείκτης. Συμπεράσματα: Αυτή η μελέτη υποστηρίζει το ρόλο της δύσπνοιας και της σπιρομέτρησης στην παρακολούθηση της καλοήθους στένωσης των μεγάλων αεραγωγών, με τη σπιρομέτρηση να έχει τη δυνατότητα να προβλέπει την υποτροπή ακόμα και σε κλινικά σταθερούς ασθενείς. Η PEF ούσα ένας πολύ ευαίσθητος δείκτης έχει το επιπρόσθετο πλεονέκτημα ότι μπορεί να εκτιμηθεί με ένα φορητό ροόμετρο και μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για εξ αποστάσεως παρακολούθηση (τηλεϊατρική).
Using self-supervised feature learning to improve the use of pulse oximeter signals to predict paediatric hospitalization
Authors: Mwaniki Paul , Kamanu Timothy , Akech Samuel , Dunsmuir Dustin , Ansermino J. Mark , Eijkemans M.J.C
Published: February 2023

Background: The success of many machine learning applications depends on knowledge about the relationship between the input data and the task of interest (output), hindering the application of machine learning to novel tasks. End-to-end deep learning, which does not require intermediate feature engineering, has been recommended to overcome this challenge but end-to-end deep learning models require large labelled training data sets often unavailable in many medical applications. In this study, we trained self-supervised learning (SSL) models for automatic feature extraction from raw photoplethysmography (PPG) obtained using a pulse oximeter, with the aim of predicting paediatric hospitalization. 

Methods: We compared logistic regression models fitted using features extracted using SSL with models trained using both clinical and SSL features. In addition, we compared end-to-end deep learning models initialized randomly or using weights from the SSL models. We also compared the performance of SSL models trained on labelled data alone (n=1,031) with SSL trained using both labelled and unlabelled signals (n=7,578).

Results: Logistic regression models were more predictive of hospitalization when trained on features extracted using labelled PPG signals only compared to SSL models trained on both labelled and unlabelled signals (AUC 0.83 vs 0.80). However, features extracted using SSL model trained on both labelled and unlabelled PPG signals were more predictive of hospitalization when concatenated with clinical features (AUC 0.89 vs 0.87). The end-to-end deep learning model had an AUC of 0.80 when initialized using the SSL model trained on all PPG signals, 0.77 when initialized using SSL trained on labelled data only, and 0.73 when initialized randomly.

Conclusions: This study shows that SSL can extract features from PPG signals that are predictive of hospitalization or initialize end-to-end deep learning models. Furthermore, SSL can leverage larger unlabelled data sets to improve performance of models fitted using small labelled data sets.
Intraabdominal abscess mimicking gastric cancer recurrence: a case report
Authors: Park Yong-Eun
Published: February 2023

Surgical site infection is a common healthcare-associated infection that rarely occurs several months after surgery. Herein, a case is described in which an abdominal mass lesion was found at a 6-month follow-up visit after gastrectomy was performed for early gastric cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a 2.5 cm-sized mass with a high maximal standard uptake value (8.32), located above a previous anastomosis site. Locoregional recurrence of gastric cancer was diagnosed by multidisciplinary team discussion, and explorative laparotomy was performed. However, surgical and pathologic findings revealed that the mass was an intraabdominal abscess. In conclusion, differential diagnosis of delayed abscess formation should be considered if the possibility of tumor recurrence is low, especially after early gastric cancer surgery.
Problems of diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a young girl
Authors: Zhuravleva L.
Published: February 2023

The article describes a clinical case of acute systemic lupus erythematosus in a girl of reproductive age with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The diagnosis was made 1 year after the first clinical symptoms. The treatment was carried out with hormonal drugs, immunosuppressants and genetically engineered biological drugs.
Fertility Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developed Countries – On Pre-pandemic Fertility Forecasts
Authors: Vanella Patrizio , Greil Arthur L. , Deschermeier Philipp
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all areas of our lives. Among other outcomes, the academic literature and popular media both discuss the potential effects of the pandemic on fertility. As fertility is an important determinant of population development and population forecasts are important for policy decisions and planning, we need to address to which extent fertility forecasts performed before the pandemic still apply.

Using Monte Carlo forecasting based on principal components of fertility rates, we quantify the effects of the pandemic on fertility for 22 countries and discuss whether forecasts made prior to the pandemic need adjustment based on more recent data.

Among the studied countries, 14 countries show no significant effect of the pandemic at all, while six countries have significantly lowered numbers of births in comparison to counterfactual trajectories that assume that past trends will hold. These countries are primarily in the Mediterranean and East Asia. For Finland and South Korea, there is statistical evidence for increased fertility in the early phases of the pandemic. In all cases with statistically significant fertility differentials caused by the pandemic, reproductive behavior normalized quickly. Therefore, we find no evidence for long-term effects of the pandemic on fertility, leading to the conclusion that pre-pandemic fertility forecasts still apply.
Травма как детерминант структуры личности и ментальности общества в современной России: на примере образа Льва Смыслова – героя романа Саши Филипенко Травля
Authors: Kliabanau Dzmitry
Published: February 2023

Trauma jest jednym z kluczowych pojęć analizy konstrukcji postaci w powieści Nagonka, wydanej w 2016 roku przez białoruską i rosyjską pisarkę Sashę Filipenko. Jednym z głównych bohaterów powieści jest Lew Smysłow, którego należy uznać za pewien typ członka społeczeństwa postsowieckiego współczesnej Rosji, który musiał stawić czoła nowej, niestabilnej rzeczywistości będącej wynikiem przemian społeczno-politycznych w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu XX wieku. Trauma staję się podstawą procesu kształtowania się osobowości Lwa: bolesne testy, jakie przechodził w latach 90. XX wieku, deformowały jego świadomość, aspiracje życiowe i przesądzały o jego przyszłości. Jego największym pragnieniem jest zostanie częścią klasy wyższej – tzw. śmietanki towarzyskiej. Za osiągnięcie tego celu Lew jest gotów zapłacić każdą cenę. Traumatyczne przeżycia zmieniają świat wewnętrzny bohatera i stają się przyczyną jego nieuleczalnych lęków oraz wyrafinowanego okrucieństwa, które pozwala mu niszczyć życie innych ludzi.
O konceptach lingwokulturowych w literaturze i jej przekładach. Słów kilka o nowym wydawnictwie naukowym Karpackiej Państwowej Uczelni w Krośnie
Authors: Wawrzyńczak Aleksander
Published: February 2023

Artykuł prezentuje omówienie książki Leokadii Styrcz-Przebindy Koncepty lingwokulturowe a przekład. Nabokov i inni. W omawianej pozycji zaprezentowany został szereg prac Autorki ukazujący szerokie spektrum jej zainteresowań naukowych i translatorskich, choć skupiający się przede wszystkim na badaniach konkretnych konceptów lingwokulturowych ujmowanych w szerokim kontekście literackim. W centrum uwagi znalazły się rosyjskie koncepty lingwokulturowe: smutek/tęsknota oraz szczęście/radość rozpatrywane w kontekście innych języków europejskich. Istotną sferą dokonań Autorki zbioru są także przekłady prac teoretycznych rosyjskiego lingwisty Grigorija Krużkowa, które mogą inspirować innych badaczy do podejmowania odważnych naukowych wyzwań. Autor artykułu odniósł się również do eseistyki historyczno- -literackiej, która również znalazła się w omawianym zbiorze. Zaprezentowana recenzja wykazuje najistotniejsze zalety omawianej książki i pozwala ocenić jej duże walory naukowo-poznawcze.
Avaliação de programa de atividade física para escolares: desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Aragoni , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro , Leal Danielle Biazzi , Squarcini Camila Fabiana Rossi , Silva Kelly Samara da
Published: February 2023

Este estudo objetiva desenvolver e validar um instrumento para avaliar dimensões do planejamento e processo de implementação de um programa de intervenção voltado à promoção de atividade física em escolares. Foi conduzido um estudo metodológico realizado durante os meses de julho a dezembro de 2016, vinculado ao programa de intervenção intitulado de “Movimente”. O estudo envolveu as fases teórica (construção do instrumento), empírica e analítica (validação de conteúdo por especialistas, com atribuição de pontuação para os itens e de semântica, por membros da comunidade escolar e alunos do 7º ao 9º ano). O instrumento é dividido em duas dimensões: planejamento e processo. Resultados mostram que a dimensão de planejamento foi composta por indicadores acerca da importância da discussão sobre temas de saúde no contexto escolar, interesse em participar do programa e de suas respectivas ações. A dimensão de processo englobou indicadores sobre conhecimento e avaliação do programa e de suas respectivas ações, bem como sobre o interesse em manter o mesmo. Todas as questões foram consideradas válidas (índices de validade acima de 0,90) e compreensíveis (escores acima de 0,82). Conclui-se que o instrumento apresentou qualidade satisfatória no que diz  respeito a validade de conteúdo e semântica, sendo considerado apropriado para avaliação do Programa Movimente e programas e ou projetos similares.
Winners from Winners: A Tale of Risk Factors
Authors: Chib Siddhartha , Zhao Lingxiao , Zhou Guofu
Published: February 2023

Starting from twelve distinct factors from the recent literature, plus twelve principal components (PCs) of anomalies unexplained by the initial factors, a Bayesian comparison of approximately seventeen million models in terms of marginal likelihoods and posterior model probabilities shows that {Mkt, MOM, IA, ROE, MGMT, PERF, PEAD, FIN}, plus the nonconsecutive principal components, {[Formula: see text]} are the best supported risk factors. Pricing tests and annualized out-of-sample Sharpe ratios for tangency portfolios suggest that this asset pricing model should be used for computing expected returns, assessing investment strategies and building portfolios.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4668 .
Midwifery care and social media
Authors: Chee Rachelle , Capper Tanya S , Muurlink Olav T
Published: February 2023

Rachelle Chee, Tanya Capper and Olav Muurlink discuss navigating the challenges of providing women-centred care in the social media age
Investigating antenatal pelvic floor training using a vaginal balloon device in Czech women
Authors: Fousek Karel , Mrkvova Katerina , Branna Tereza , Ozana Marek
Published: February 2023

Background/Aims

A vaginal balloon device for antenatal pelvic floor training may reduce the incidence of negative outcomes from vaginal birth on women's pelvic health. This study's aims were to investigate the effect of antenatal vaginal training on birth-induced levator ani muscle avulsion and to analyse the relationship between use of a balloon device for training and the duration of the second stage of labour, incidence of episiotomy and birth-induced perineal trauma.

Methods

In this prospective cohort intervention study, 123 nulliparous women were divided into two groups: 64 training with the device antenatally (intervention) and 59 women receiving normal antenatal care (control). Clinical data were collected 10 weeks after birth and differences in the incidence of levator ani muscle avulsion, episiotomy, perineal tears and other birth injuries, as well as the duration of the second stage of labour, were assessed using two-tailed tests.

Results

Training with the device was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of levator ani muscle avulsions (P=0.82), and the device did not shorten the duration of the second stage of labour (P=0.63). However, it was associated with a reduction in the frequency of episiotomies (cases: 34% vs controls: 59%; P=0.007). There was no significant difference in the incidence of perineal tears (P=1.00) or other birth injuries (P=0.50). An obstetric anal sphincter injury occurred in only one case, in a woman in the control group.

Conclusions

The use of an antenatal training device in nulliparous women with cephalic vaginal birth at term is not associated with better pelvic health outcomes. However, it may reduce the frequency of episiotomies.
Standards of prescribing: the possible implications of a licensing scheme
Authors: Rankin Andrew
Published: February 2023

Andrew Rankin discusses the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners' stance on prescribing and the upcoming licensing scheme
A multicentre comparative analysis of fixation versus revision surgery for periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty with a cemented polished taper-slip femoral component
Authors: Jain Sameer , Farook Mohamed Z. , Aslam-Pervez Nayef , Amer Mohammad , Martin Damien H. , Unnithan Ashwin , Middleton Robert , Dunlop Douglas G. , Scott Chloe E. H. , West Robert , Pandit Hemant
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with revision surgery for the surgical management of Unified Classification System (UCS) type B periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented polished taper-slip femoral components following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

Data were collected for patients admitted to five UK centres. The primary outcome measure was the two-year reoperation rate. Secondary outcomes were time to surgery, transfusion requirements, critical care requirements, length of stay, two-year local complication rates, six-month systemic complication rates, and mortality rates. Comparisons were made by the form of treatment (ORIF vs revision) and UCS type (B1 vs B2/B3). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed with two-year reoperation for any reason as the endpoint.

Results

A total of 317 periprosthetic fractures (in 317 patients) with a median follow-up of 3.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 2.0 to 5.4) were included. The fractures were type B1 in 133 (42.0%), B2 in 170 (53.6%), and B3 in 14 patients (4.4%). ORIF was performed in 167 (52.7%) and revision in 150 patients (47.3%). The two-year reoperation rate (15.3% vs 7.2%; p = 0.021), time to surgery (4.0 days (IQR 2.0 to 7.0) vs 2.0 days (IQR 1.0 to 4.0); p < 0.001), transfusion requirements (55 patients (36.7%) vs 42 patients (25.1%); p = 0.026), critical care requirements (36 patients (24.0%) vs seven patients (4.2%); p < 0.001) and two-year local complication rates (26.7% vs 9.0%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the revision group. The two-year rate of survival was significantly higher for ORIF (91.9% (standard error (SE) 0.023%) vs 83.9% (SE 0.031%); p = 0.032) compared with revision. For B1 fractures, the two-year reoperation rate was significantly higher for revision compared with ORIF (29.4% vs 6.0%; p = 0.002) but this was similar for B2 and B3 fractures (9.8% vs 13.5%; p = 0.341). The most common indication for reoperation after revision was dislocation (12 patients; 8.0%).

Conclusion

Revision surgery has higher reoperation rates, longer surgical waiting times, higher transfusion requirements, and higher critical care requirements than ORIF in the management of periprosthetic fractures around polished taper-slip femoral components after THA. ORIF is a safe option providing anatomical reconstruction is achievable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):124–134.
The language of knee alignment
Authors: MacDessi Samuel J. , Oussedik Sam , Abdel Matthew P. , Victor Jan , Pagnano Mark W. , Haddad Fares S.
Published: February 2023

Orthopaedic surgeons are currently faced with an overwhelming number of choices surrounding total knee arthroplasty (TKA), not only with the latest technologies and prostheses, but also fundamental decisions on alignment philosophies. From ‘mechanical’ to ‘adjusted mechanical’ to ‘restricted kinematic’ to ‘unrestricted kinematic’ — and how constitutional alignment relates to these — there is potential for ambiguity when thinking about and discussing such concepts. This annotation summarizes the various alignment strategies currently employed in TKA. It provides a clear framework and consistent language that will assist surgeons to compare confidently and contrast the concepts, while also discussing the latest opinions about alignment in TKA. Finally, it provides suggestions for applying consistent nomenclature to future research, especially as we explore the implications of 3D alignment patterns on patient outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(2):102–108.
Higher knee survivorship in young patients with monocompartmental osteoarthritis and constitutional deformity treated by high tibial osteotomy then total knee arthroplasty compared to an early total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Erard Julien , Schmidt Axel , Batailler Cecile , Shatrov Jobe , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: February 2023

Aims

The use of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to delay total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in young patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and constitutional deformity remains debated. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of TKA after HTO compared to TKA without HTO, using the time from the index OA surgery as reference (HTO for the study group, TKA for the control group).

Methods

This was a case-control study of consecutive patients receiving a posterior-stabilized TKA for OA between 1996 and 2010 with previous HTO. A total of 73 TKAs after HTO with minimum ten years’ follow-up were included. Cases were matched with a TKA without previous HTO for age at the time of the HTO. All revisions were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed using revision of metal component as the endpoint. The Knee Society Score, range of motion, and patient satisfaction were assessed.

Results

Mean follow-up was 13 years (SD 3) after TKA in both groups. The 20-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 98.6% in TKA post-HTO group (HTO as timing reference) and 81.4% in control group (TKA as timing reference) (p = 0.030). There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, and complications at the last follow-up.

Conclusion

At the same delay from index surgery (HTO or TKA), a strategy of HTO followed by TKA had superior knee survivorship compared to early TKA at long term in young patients. Level of evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(2):62–71.
Enabling hierarchical control of coherent pluggable transceivers in SONiC packet–optical nodes
Authors: Giorgetti Alessio , Scano Davide , Sgambelluri Andrea , Paolucci Francesco , Riccardi Emilio , Morro Roberto , Castoldi Piero , Cugini Filippo
Published: February 2023

Traditional metro networks are composed of packet switching nodes (i.e., routers) interconnected by optical transport links. In this scenario, the packet and optical domains are clearly separated, using dedicated controllers. Standalone muxponders/transponders will be replaced in optical metro and transport networks by the utilization of hybrid packet–optical nodes equipped with coherent pluggable transceivers. Thus, the traditional packet control plane is unable to manage and fully support the specific optical parameters required to configure such pluggable modules. Moreover, the coordination between the optical and packet layers within this hybrid node has not been standardized yet and requires careful design to enable effective management of connectivity services. This paper proposes two software-defined networking (SDN)-based hierarchical solutions to coordinate and control coherent pluggable transceivers in a multi-layer network exploiting hybrid packet–optical nodes. The two solutions have been designed and validated focusing on the pluggable module configuration and the communication within the SDN hierarchical architecture. An experimental testbed including two packet–optical nodes, running an extended version of the open-source Software for Open Networking in the Cloud (SONiC) operating system, is deployed to show the effectiveness of the two solutions, with a deep analysis of the time required to set up end-to-end connections spanning the packet and optical domains.
Tree-determination, routing, and spectrum assignment using point-to-multipoint coherent optics
Authors: Pavon-Marino Pablo , Skorin-Kapov Nina , Napoli Antonio
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigate a novel problem for dimensioning optical networks with digital subcarrier-based point-to-multipoint (P2MP) coherent transceivers, which we refer to as tree-determination, routing, and spectrum assignment (TRSA). Given a physical optical fiber network with P2MP transceivers and a target IP topology with associated capacity requirements, the TRSA problem involves partitioning capacity demands into logical hub–spoke trees and associated transceiver allocation, along with light-tree routing and spectrum assignment. We propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the TRSA problem with and without fault tolerance for arbitrary network topologies. The algorithms are used to evaluate potential cost benefits of P2MP transceivers for different IP densities and loads in a case study on a metro-network reference scenario. Results indicate that P2MP equipment can bring significant transceiver cost and equipment savings in comparison to point-to-point solutions, although such savings come at a trade-off with increased spectrum occupation.
Raman laser induced self-organization with topology in a dipolar condensate
Authors: Dong Biao , Zhang YongChang
Published: February 2023

We investigate the ground states of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) subject to Raman laser induced spin-orbit coupling with mean-field theory. Owing to the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and atom-atom interactions, the BEC presents remarkable self-organization behavior and thus hosts various exotic phases including vortex with discrete rotational symmetry, stripe with spin helix, and chiral lattices with C4 symmetry. The peculiar chiral self-organized array of square lattice, which spontaneously breaks both U(1) and rotational symmetries, is observed when the contact interaction is considerable in comparison with the spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, we show that the Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling plays a crucial role in forming rich topological spin textures of the chiral self-organized phases by introducing a channel for atoms to turn on spin flipping between two components. The self-organization phenomena predicted here feature topology owing to spin-orbit coupling. In addition, we find long-lived metastable self-organized arrays with C6 symmetry in the case of strong spin-orbit coupling. We also present a proposal to observe these predicted phases in ultracold atomic dipolar gases with laser-induced spin-orbit coupling, which may stimulate broad theoretical as well as experimental interest.
All-photonic quantum repeater for multipartite entanglement generation
Authors: Li Chen-Long , Fu Yao , Liu Wen-Bo , Xie Yuan-Mei , Li Bing-Hong , Zhou Min-Gang , Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing
Published: February 2023

Quantum network applications such as distributed quantum computing and quantum secret sharing represent a promising future network equipped with quantum resources. Entanglement generation and distribution over long distances are critical and unavoidable when utilizing quantum technology in a fully connected network. The distribution of bipartite entanglement over long distances has seen some progress, while the distribution of multipartite entanglement over long distances remains unsolved. Here we report a two-dimensional quantum repeater protocol for the generation of multipartite entanglement over long distances with an all-photonic framework to fill this gap. The entanglement generation yield remains proportional to the transmission efficiency regardless of the number of network users and shows long transmission distance under various numbers of network users. With the improved efficiency and flexibility of extending the number of users, we anticipate that our protocol can work as a significant building block for quantum networks in the future.
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to spatial self-phase modulation of a Gaussian beam by a photorefractive crystal
Authors: Navarro Angie Solano , Torres Yezid , Mendoza-Castro Jesús , Rodriguez Henry , Jerez Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The phase shift induced on a Gaussian beam interacting with a nonlinear medium determines the far field diffraction pattern characteristics. It is usual to consider that the induced phase shift by a nonlinear media is due only to the effects of the radius of curvature of the wavefront and the modulation of the refractive index triggered by the Gaussian intensity distribution of the incident beam. Accordingly, these equations have limited applicability when the nonlinear medium is a photorefractive crystal PRC. In this contribution, the equations are derived considering the influence of the photorefractive phenomenon on the induced phase shift. The Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory is used to obtain the intensity distribution of the far-field diffraction pattern of a Gaussian beam propagating through a photorefractive crystal. Simulations of this effect are presented and discussed.
Photonic time crystals: A materials perspective
Authors: Shalaev Vladimir , Saha Soham , Segal Ohad , Fruhling Colton , Lustig Eran , Segev Mordechai , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in ultrafast, large-modulation photonic materials have opened the door to many new areas of research. One specific example is the exciting prospect of photonic time crystals. In this perspective, we outline the most recent material advances that are promising candidates for photonic time crystals. We discuss their merit in terms of modulation speed and depth. We also investigate the challenges yet to be faced and provide our estimation on possible roads to success.
Acceptability, feasibility, and accuracy of blood-based HIV self-testing: A cross-sectional study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Bao Vu , Majam Mohammed , Green Kimberly , Tran Ton , Hung Minh Tran , Que Anh Luong , Ngoc Diep Bui , Le Duy Chuong Hoang
Published: February 2023

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an effective approach to increase testing uptake. While oral fluid-based HIVST has been rapidly scaled, use of blood-based HIVST remains limited. We evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and accuracy of blood-based HIVST among lay users in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV testing clients at the HCMC Pasteur Institute from March 2019 to October 2020. Participants received one HIVST kit and performed the test in front of an observer. The observer used product-specific questionnaires to collect information on the HIVST process, test results, experiences. The participants’ interpretations of HIVST results were compared to health staff’s interpretations and gold standard laboratory EIA reference tests. Of 2,399 participants who accepted HIVST, 64.7% were men, 62.1% aged 25–49 years, 53.5% had a higher education level, 41.4% were employed, and 35.6% were first-time testers. The vast majority (94.4%) desired to use the test in the future, and 93.9% reported willingness to recommend the test. The majority (90.8%) of participants successfully completed the self-test. One factor associated with successful completion was higher education level (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.32–2.61); while participants self-testing with SURE CHECK (aOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12–0.37), INSTI (aOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13–0.39), and BioSURE (aOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.17–0.51) or being unemployed, retired, or doing housework (aOR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.82) were less likely to perform the test successfully. Agreement of positive and negative HIVST results as interpreted by participants and health staff was high (98.1% and 99.9%, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of the evaluated HIVST were 96.43% (95% CI: 93.62–99.23) and 99.9% (95% CI: 99.75–100), respectively. Our findings confirm that blood-based HIVST is highly acceptable, feasible, and accurate. This evidence informs scale-up of HIVST to increase uptake of essential HIV prevention and treatment services.
Long-term Christmas Bird Counts describe neotropical urban bird diversity
Authors: Echeverry-Galvis María Angela , Lozano Ramírez Pabla , Amaya-Espinel Juan David
Published: February 2023

A significant gap in understanding the response of biodiversity to urban areas is the lack of long-term studies. Most of the information on urban birds comes from studies carried out in the northern hemisphere, and they include data that don´t exceed three years. Although short-term studies contribute to knowledge about bird community diversity and their spatial distribution in urban areas, they could be biased towards more conspicuous species. One of the few multi-temporal datasets available for birds in urban areas is the Christmas Bird Count (CBC). Using annual CBC data available between 2001 and 2018 from 21 urban and peri-urban sample sites assessed from the main cities of Colombia, we identified and analyzed long-term trends on the cumulative diversity of bird communities as well as on their spatial distribution. We estimated comparative trends in richness, number of individuals counted, similarity, and complementarity of avifauna for each city and sample site based on their responses to urbanization and dietary guilds. We identified almost a quarter of the species registered in Colombia (464 of 1954). The representativeness of the community obtained for 18 years exceeds 84%, showing richness that ranges between 214 and 278 species in the three cities. Bird species and individuals registered showed wide variation of the sample sites. We found more dwellers, insectivorous and granivorous species in urban areas, with frugivores relegated to peri-urban sites, usually coinciding with avoider species. Natural peri-urban areas and intra-urban wetlands and urban parks were the most important refuges for birds and maintained the highest avoider and utilizer species richness. Long-term inventories are fundamental for determining consolidated bird diversity and distributional patterns. This information established a baseline for decision-making and applying recommendations that allow reconciling the growing demand for urban areas with the need to preserve the native avifauna in megadiverse Neotropical countries such as Colombia.