bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meteorological and blowing snow data set (2000–2016) from a high-elevation alpine site (Col du Lac Blanc, France, 2720 m a.s.l.)
Authors: Guyomarc'h Gilbert , Bellot Hervé , Vionnet Vincent , Naaim-Bouvet Florence , Déliot Yannick , Fontaine Firmin , Puglièse Philippe , Nishimura Kouichi , Durand Yves , Naaim Mohamed
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A meteorological and blowing snow data set from the
high-elevation experimental site of Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m a.s.l.,
Grandes Rousses mountain range, French Alps) is presented and detailed in
this paper. Emphasis is placed on data relevant to the observations and
modelling of wind-induced snow transport in alpine terrain. This process
strongly influences the spatial distribution of snow cover in mountainous
terrain with consequences for snowpack, hydrological and avalanche hazard
forecasting. In situ data consist of wind (speed and direction), snow depth
and air temperature measurements (recorded at four automatic weather
stations), a database of blowing snow occurrence and measurements of blowing
snow fluxes obtained from a vertical profile of snow particle counters
(2010–2016). Observations span the period from 1 December to 31 March
for each winter season from 2000–2001 to 2015–2016. The time
resolution has varied from 15 min until 2014 to 10 min for the last years.
Atmospheric data from the meteorological reanalysis are also provided from
1 August 2000 to 1 August 2016. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the study
area (1.5 km2) at 1 m resolution is also provided in RGF 93 Lambert 93
coordinates. This data set has been used in the past to develop and evaluate
physical parameterizations and numerical models of blowing and drifting snow
in alpine terrain. Col du Lac Blanc is also a target site to evaluate meteorological and climate
models in alpine terrain. It belongs to the CRYOBS-CLIM observatory (the
CRYosphere, an OBServatory of the CLIMate), which is a part of the national
research infrastructure OZCAR (Critical Zone Observatories – Application and
Research) and have been a Global Cryospheric Watch Cryonet site since 2017.
The data are available from the repository of the OSUG data centre
https://doi.org/10.17178/CRYOBSCLIM.CLB.all.
57 years (1960–2017) of snow and meteorological observations from a mid-altitude mountain site (Col de Porte, France, 1325 m of altitude)
Authors: Lejeune Yves , Dumont Marie , Panel Jean-Michel , Lafaysse Matthieu , Lapalus Philippe , Le Gac Erwan , Lesaffre Bernard , Morin Samuel
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce and provide access to daily (1960–2017) and hourly (1993–2017) datasets of snow and meteorological data measured at the Col de Porte site, 1325 m a.s.l., Chartreuse, France. Site metadata and ancillary measurements such as soil properties and masks of the incident solar radiation are also provided. Weekly snow profiles are made available from September 1993 to March 2018. A detailed study of the uncertainties originating from both measurement errors and spatial variability within the measurement site is provided for several variables. We show that the estimates of the ratio of diffuse-to-total shortwave broadband irradiance is affected by an uncertainty of ±0.21 (no unit). The estimated root mean square deviation, which mainly represents spatial variability, is ±10 cm for snow depth, ±25 kg m−2 for the water equivalent of snow cover (SWE), and ±1 K for soil temperature (±0.4 K during the snow season). The daily dataset can be used to quantify the effect of climate change at this site, with a decrease of the mean snow depth (1 December to 30 April) of 39 cm from the 1960–1990 period to the 1990–2017 period (40 % of the mean snow depth for 1960–1990) and an increase in temperature of +0.90 K for the same periods. Finally, we show that the daily and hourly datasets are useful and appropriate for driving and evaluating a snowpack model over such a long period. The data are placed on the repository of the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) data centre: https://doi.org/10.17178/CRYOBSCLIM.CDP.2018.
Landslides near Enguri dam (Caucasus, Georgia) and possible seismotectonic effects
Authors: Tibaldi Alessandro , Oppizzi Paolo , Gierke John , Oommen Thomas , Tsereteli Nino , Gogoladze Zurab
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Enguri dam and water reservoir, nested in the southwestern Caucasus
(Republic of Georgia), are surrounded by steep mountain slopes. At a distance
of 2.5 km from the dam, a mountain ridge along the reservoir is affected by
active deformations with a double vergence. The western slope, directly
facing the reservoir, has deformations that affect a subaerial area of
1.2 km2. The head scarp affects the Jvari–Khaishi–Mestia main road
with offsets of man-made features that indicate slip rates of
2–9 cm yr−1. Static, pseudostatic and Newmark analyses, based on
field and seismological data, suggest different unstable rock volumes based
on the environmental conditions. An important effect of variation of the
water table is shown, as well as the possible destabilization of the slope
following seismic shaking, compatible with the expected local peak ground
acceleration. This worst-case scenario corresponds to an unstable volume on
the order of up to 48±12×106 m3. The opposite, eastern
slope of the same mountain ridge is also affected by wide deformation
affecting an area of 0.37 km2. Here, field data indicate
2–5 cm yr−1 of slip rates. All this evidence is interpreted as
resulting from two similar landslides, whose possible causes are discussed,
comprising seismic triggering, mountain rapid uplift, river erosion and lake
variations.
Origin, burial and preservation of late Pleistocene-age glacier ice in Arctic permafrost (Bylot Island, NU, Canada)
Authors: Coulombe Stephanie , Fortier Daniel , Lacelle Denis , Kanevskiy Mikhail , Shur Yuri
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Over the past decades, observations of buried glacier ice exposed in coastal
bluffs and headwalls of retrogressive thaw slumps of the Arctic have
indicated that considerable amounts of late Pleistocene glacier ice survived
the deglaciation and are still preserved in permafrost. In exposures, relict
glacier ice and intrasedimental ice often coexist and look alike but their
genesis is strikingly different. This paper aims to present a detailed
description and infer the origin of a massive ice body preserved in the
permafrost of Bylot Island (Nunavut). The massive ice exposure and core
samples were described according to the cryostratigraphic approach, combining
the analysis of permafrost cryofacies and cryostructures, ice
crystallography, stable O-H isotopes and cation contents. The ice was clear
to whitish in appearance with large crystals (cm) and small gas inclusions
(mm) at crystal intersections, similar to observations of englacial ice
facies commonly found on contemporary glaciers and ice sheets. However, the
δ18O composition (-34.0±0.4 ‰) of
the massive ice was markedly lower than contemporary glacier ice and was
consistent with the late Pleistocene age ice in the Barnes Ice Cap. This ice
predates the aggradation of the surrounding permafrost and can be used as an
archive to infer palaeo-environmental conditions at the study site. As most
of the glaciated Arctic landscapes are still strongly determined by their
glacial legacy, the melting of these large ice bodies could lead to extensive
slope failures and settlement of the ground surface, with significant impact
on permafrost geosystem landscape dynamics, terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems and infrastructure.
Investigating Factors that Influence SME’s Choice of Services Rendered by Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from La-Nkwantanang Municipality in Ghana
Authors: Appiah Ebenezer , Ampeah Deborah Darko , Agbenyo Wonder
Published: January 2019

There is a recent wave of collapsing Microfinance Institution’s in Ghana which causes SMEs to think critically about the MFI’s they choose to bank with. This has given birth to the investigation of factors that influence SMEs choice of services rendered by microfinance institutions in Ghana. The study adopted the descriptive research design. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the SMEs for this study and data was collected from a sample of 384 using questionnaires and 279 were returned. The study revealed that electronic banking, convenience and security influences, reputation and legal regulation, interest rate and service provided by the microfinance institution are essential factors that influence the choice of SMEs. The study concludes that the reputation of a business is also essential to its survival, the trust and confidence of the SME can have a direct and profound effect on microfinance institutions. The study recommended that, microfinance institutions should make it a must to obtain all necessary banking licenses from Bank of Ghana before they commence business in order to avoid the embodiment of fear of collapse into potential SME’s who might be willing to transact business with them and also educate those who render services on behalf of the bank. Customer service is very important and should be considered as the first priority of the bank.
Establishing the Impact of Area Studies Collections and Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Collecting
Authors: Thacker Mara L. , Teper Thomas H. , Lenkart Joseph , Coskun Esra
Published: January 2019

This study examines the use of area studies materials by assessing five years of Interlibrary Loan (ILL) lending data and local circulation data from a single research library. It seeks to lay groundwork for future explorations into the implementation of a robust cooperative collection development model for area studies at the national level, with analysis demonstrating that existing ILL programs support scholars from research institutions far beyond their owning institution. They can do so with minimal adverse impact on the local community of scholars at a typical top-tier research library. This case study also investigates the similarities and differences between lending patterns of Less Commonly Taught Language (LCTL) materials and non-domestic area studies titles that are authored in commonly taught languages. The authors conclude with an argument that communities of institutions could develop highly structured cooperative collection building efforts in the area studies that would permit them to redirect resources strategically, collecting area studies materials both more deeply across the community and with a greater emphasis on primary source materials.
Design de experiência de aprendizagem: avaliação do modelo Addie e contribuições para o ensino a distância
Authors: Souza Andrea Moura da Costa , Oliveira Maria Lucijane Gomes de , Lima Marcos Antônio Martins , Batista Blússia Tétis Brito
Published: January 2019

Refletir sobre o design da aprendizagem nos remete a entender como o discente apreende para que os processos de ensino e aprendizagem ocorram de modo eficaz. O papel do professor se mostra importante em todo o processo, pois este irá proporcionar ao discente uma experiência orientada para que o aprendizado seja alcançado. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever o modelo Addie - análise, design, desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação - e avaliar as suas contribuições para prática docente, fazendo uso do design de experiência de aprendizagem no ensino a distância. Conclui-se que o modelo Addie se apresenta como importante ferramenta no planejamento pedagógico, por meio do qual o professor precisa cumprir as etapas para então avaliar a aprendizagem do estudante.Palavras-chave: design de experiência; avaliação; modelo Addie.
Desafios do coordenador na gestão de cursos de graduação: um estudo comparativo em universidade pública e privada
Authors: Aragão José Euzébio de Oliveira Souza , Zuccolotto Paulo Antonio da Graça Lima , Bovério Maria Aparecida , Pereira Vanessa Terra
Published: January 2019

A figura do coordenador de curso existe desde a década de 1960 no ensino superior brasileiro, mas foi somente a partir da lei n. 9.394/96 que o coordenador de curso assumiu um papel fundamental na gestão dos cursos de graduação. Outro fator que ressignificou o papel do coordenador foi a implantação das políticas públicas de avaliação do ensino superior, em meados da década de 1990, e as transformações que levaram a uma diversificação e diferenciação da educação superior no Brasil, configurando a reestruturação com viés neoliberal. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e observação participante, discute-se o papel, o perfil e os desafios do coordenador de curso como gestor acadêmico, identificando modelos de gestão em uma universidade pública e em uma universidade privada.Palavras-chave: coordenador de curso; gestão de curso de graduação; modelos de gestão.
Accountability e o mosaico da política de avaliação da educação superior brasileira
Authors: Paula Alisson Slider do Nascimento de , Costa Frederico Jorge Ferreira , Lima Kátia Regina Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

Neste texto propõe-se a analisar os mecanismos que constituem o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior - Sinaes -, sua articulação com a noção de accountability educacional de cunho técnico/contábil e a própria definição de qualidade adotado por este sistema avaliativo. No processo de investigação utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de tipo bibliográfica e documental. Considerou-se que o Sinaes utiliza diversos mecanismos para operacionalizar a avaliação, na qual sua centralidade está calcada no exame por desempenho como base dos processos regulatórios das instituições de educação superior, além da utilização de indicadores classificatórios, comparativos e escalonais para a sistematização de dados para a constituição de rankings entre as instituições.Palavras-chave: accountability; Sinaes; qualidade; educação superior.
High-speed video analysis of jumping in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Mo Xiaojuan , Ge Wenjie , Romano Donato , Donati Elisa , Stefanini Cesare , Dario Paolo , Benelli Giovanni
Published: January 2019

Among insects, locusts are widely recognized for their excellent jumping performances. Indeed, jumping helps locusts to avoid predators as well as to initiate flight. In the present contribution, we employed high-speed videos to analyze the jumping performance of Locusta migratoria L. from ground with different toughness. Results outlined that L. migratoria can prolong their takeoff time to get bigger takeoff velocity to adapt to different terrains, and takeoff velocity has no connection with takeoff angle.
Adjusted Margin
Authors: Eichhorn Kate
Published: January 2019

How xerography became a creative medium and political tool, arming artists and activists on the margins with an accessible means of making their messages public.

This is the story of how the xerographic copier, or “Xerox machine,” became a creative medium for artists and activists during the last few decades of the twentieth century. Paper jams, mangled pages, and even fires made early versions of this clunky office machine a source of fear, rage, dread, and disappointment. But eventually, xerography democratized print culture by making it convenient and affordable for renegade publishers, zinesters, artists, punks, anarchists, queers, feminists, street activists, and others to publish their work and to get their messages out on the street. The xerographic copier adjusted the lived and imagined margins of society, Eichhorn argues, by supporting artistic and political expression and mobilizing subcultural movements.

Eichhorn describes early efforts to use xerography to create art and the occasional scapegoating of urban copy shops and xerographic technologies following political panics, using the post-9/11 raid on a Toronto copy shop as her central example. She examines New York's downtown art and punk scenes of the 1970s to 1990s, arguing that xerography—including photocopied posters, mail art, and zines—changed what cities looked like and how we experienced them. And she looks at how a generation of activists and artists deployed the copy machine in AIDS and queer activism while simultaneously introducing the copy machine's gritty, DIY aesthetics into international art markets.

Xerographic copy machines are now defunct. Office copiers are digital, and activists rely on social media more than photocopied posters. And yet, Eichhorn argues, even though we now live in a post-xerographic era, the grassroots aesthetics and political legacy of xerography persists.
Prehension
Authors: McGinn Colin
Published: January 2019

In praise of the hand: A philosopher considers the crucial role of the hand in human evolution, particularly with respect to language.

“McGinn is an ingenious philosopher who thinks like a laser and writes like a dream.” —Steven Pinker

This book is a hymn to the hand. In Prehension, Colin McGinn links questions from science to philosophical concerns to consider something that we take for granted: the importance of the hand in everything we do. Drawing on evolutionary biology, anatomy, archaeology, linguistics, psychology, and philosophy, among other disciplines, McGinn examines the role of the hand in shaping human evolution. He finds that the development of our capacity to grasp, to grip, to take hold (also known as prehension) is crucial in the emergence of Homo sapiens.

The human species possesses language, rational thought, culture, and a specific affective capacity; but there was a time when our ancestors had none of these. How did we become what we so distinctively are, given our early origins? McGinn, following Darwin and others, calls the hand the source of our biological success. When our remote ancestors descended from trees, they adopted a bipedal gait that left the hands free for other work; they began to make tools, which led to social cooperation and increased brain capacity. But McGinn goes further than others in arguing for the importance of the hand; he speculates that the hand played a major role in the development of language, and presents a theory of primitive reference as an outgrowth of prehension.

McGinn sings the praises of the hand, and evolution, in a philosophical key. He mixes biology, anthropology, analytical philosophy, existential philosophy, sheer speculation, and utter amazement to celebrate humans' achievement of humanity.
Winning the Reputation Game
Authors: Dowling Grahame R.
Published: January 2019

Core strategies for creating a corporate reputation that will provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace: a back-to-basics approach.

What does a company have to do to be admired and respected? Why does Apple have a better reputation than, say, Samsung? In Winning the Reputation Game, Grahame Dowling explains. Companies' reputations do not derive from consultant-recommended campaigns to showcase efforts at corporate transparency, environmental sustainability, or social responsibility. Companies are admired and respected because they are “simply better” than their competitors. Companies that focus on providing outstanding goods and services are rewarded with a strong reputation that helps them gain competitive advantage.

Dowling, who has studied corporate reputation–building for thirty years, describes two core strategies for creating a corporate reputation that will provide a competitive advantage: to be known for being Best at Something or for being Best for Somebody. Apple, for example, is best at personal technology products that enhance people's lifestyles. IKEA is best for people who want well-designed furniture at affordable prices.

Dowling covers such topics as the commercial value of a strong reputations—including good employees, repeat customers, and strong share price; how corporate reputations are formed; the power of “being simply better”; the effectiveness of corporate storytelling (for good or ill; Kenneth Lay of Enron was a master storyteller); and keeping out of trouble.

Drawing on many real-world examples, Dowling shows how companies that are perceived to be better than their competitors build strong reputations that reflect past success and promise more of the same. Companies that artificially engineer a reputation with irrelevant activities but have stopped providing the best products and services available often wind up with mediocre—or worse—reputations.
Pirate Philosophy
Authors: Hall Gary
Published: January 2019

How philosophers and theorists can find new models for the creation, publication, and dissemination of knowledge, challenging the received ideas of originality, authorship, and the book.

In Pirate Philosophy, Gary Hall considers whether the fight against the neoliberal corporatization of higher education in fact requires scholars to transform their own lives and labor. Is there a way for philosophers and theorists to act not just for or with the antiausterity and student protestors—“graduates without a future”—but in terms of their political struggles? Drawing on such phenomena as peer-to-peer file sharing and anticopyright/pro-piracy movements, Hall explores how those in academia can move beyond finding new ways of thinking about the world to find instead new ways of being theorists and philosophers in the world.

Hall describes the politics of online sharing, the battles against the current intellectual property regime, and the actions of Anonymous, LulzSec, Aaron Swartz, and others, and he explains Creative Commons and the open access, open source, and free software movements. But in the heart of the book he considers how, when it comes to scholarly ways of creating, performing, and sharing knowledge, philosophers and theorists can challenge not just the neoliberal model of the entrepreneurial academic but also the traditional humanist model with its received ideas of proprietorial authorship, the book, originality, fixity, and the finished object. In other words, can scholars and students today become something like pirate philosophers?
The Mobile Workshop
Authors: Mavhunga Clapperton Chakanetsa
Published: January 2019

How the presence of the tsetse fly turned the African forest into an open laboratory where African knowledge formed the basis of colonial tsetse control policies.

The tsetse fly is a pan-African insect that bites an infective forest animal and ingests blood filled with invisible parasites, which it carries and transmits into cattle and people as it bites them, leading to n'gana (animal trypanosomiasis) and sleeping sickness. In The Mobile Workshop, Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga examines how the presence of the tsetse fly turned the forests of Zimbabwe and southern Africa into an open laboratory where African knowledge formed the basis of colonial tsetse control policies. He traces the pestiferous work that an indefatigable, mobile insect does through its movements, and the work done by humans to control it.

Mavhunga's account restores the central role not just of African labor but of African intellect in the production of knowledge about the tsetse fly. He describes how European colonizers built on and beyond this knowledge toward destructive and toxic methods, including cutting down entire forests, forced “prophylactic” resettlement, massive destruction of wild animals, and extensive spraying of organochlorine pesticides. Throughout, Mavhunga uses African terms to describe the African experience, taking vernacular concepts as starting points in writing a narrative of ruzivo (knowledge) rather than viewing Africa through foreign keywords. The tsetse fly became a site of knowledge production—a mobile workshop of pestilence.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from the MIT Libraries.
Mental Time Travel
Authors: Michaelian Kourken
Published: January 2019

Drawing on current research in psychology, a new philosophical account of remembering as imagining the past.

In this book, Kourken Michaelian builds on research in the psychology of memory to develop an innovative philosophical account of the nature of remembering and memory knowledge. Current philosophical approaches to memory rest on assumptions that are incompatible with the rich body of theory and data coming from psychology. Michaelian argues that abandoning those assumptions will result in a radically new philosophical understanding of memory. His novel, integrated account of episodic memory, memory knowledge, and their evolution makes a significant step in that direction.

Michaelian situates episodic memory as a form of mental time travel and outlines a naturalistic framework for understanding it. Drawing on research in constructive memory, he develops an innovative simulation theory of memory; finding no intrinsic difference between remembering and imagining, he argues that to remember is to imagine the past. He investigates the reliability of simulational memory, focusing on the adaptivity of the constructive processes involved in remembering and the role of metacognitive monitoring; and he outlines an account of the evolution of episodic memory, distinguishing it from the forms of episodic-like memory demonstrated in animals.

Memory research has become increasingly interdisciplinary. Michaelian's account, built systematically on the findings of empirical research, not only draws out the implications of these findings for philosophical theories of remembering but also offers psychologists a framework for making sense of provocative experimental results on mental time travel.
The Arid Lands
Authors: Davis Diana K.
Published: January 2019

An argument that the perception of arid lands as wastelands is politically motivated and that these landscapes are variable, biodiverse ecosystems, whose inhabitants must be empowered.

Deserts are commonly imagined as barren, defiled, worthless places, wastelands in need of development. This understanding has fueled extensive anti-desertification efforts—a multimillion-dollar global campaign driven by perceptions of a looming crisis. In this book, Diana Davis argues that estimates of desertification have been significantly exaggerated and that deserts and drylands—which constitute about 41% of the earth's landmass—are actually resilient and biodiverse environments in which a great many indigenous people have long lived sustainably. Meanwhile, contemporary arid lands development programs and anti-desertification efforts have met with little success. As Davis explains, these environments are not governed by the equilibrium ecological dynamics that apply in most other regions.

Davis shows that our notion of the arid lands as wastelands derives largely from politically motivated Anglo-European colonial assumptions that these regions had been laid waste by “traditional” uses of the land. Unfortunately, such assumptions still frequently inform policy. Drawing on political ecology and environmental history, Davis traces changes in our understanding of deserts, from the benign views of the classical era to Christian associations of the desert with sinful activities to later (neo)colonial assumptions of destruction. She further explains how our thinking about deserts is problematically related to our conceptions of forests and desiccation. Davis concludes that a new understanding of the arid lands as healthy, natural, but variable ecosystems that do not necessarily need improvement or development will facilitate a more sustainable future for the world's magnificent drylands.
Beyond the Triple Bottom Line
Authors: Szekely Francisco , Dossa Zahir
Published: January 2019

A pragmatic new business model for sustainability that outlines eight steps that range from exploring a mission to promoting innovation; with case studies. Many recent books make the case for businesses to become more sustainable, but few explain the specifics. In this book, Francisco Szekely and Zahir Dossa offer a pragmatic new business model for sustainability that extends beyond the traditional framework of the triple bottom line, describing eight steps that range from exploring a vision and establishing a strategy to implementing the strategy and promoting innovation. Szekely and Dossa argue that businesses and organizations need to move away from the business case for sustainability toward a sustainable business model. That is, businesses should go beyond the usual short-term focus on minimizing harm while maximizing profits. Instead, businesses on the path to sustainability should, from the start, focus on addressing a societal need and view profitability not as an end but as a means to support the sustainable organization.

Szekely and Dossa explore key problems organizations face when pursuing a sustainability agenda. Each chapter presents one of the eight steps, describes a business dilemma for sustainability, provides a theoretically grounded strategic framework, offers case studies that illustrate the dilemma, and summarizes key findings; the case studies draw on the experiences of such companies as Tesla Motors, Patagonia, TOMs, and Panera. The book emphasizes leadership, arguing that leaders who question the status quo, inspire others, and take risks are essential for achieving sustainable business practices.
Global Gay
Authors: Martel Frédéric
Published: January 2019

A panoramic view of gay rights, gay life, and the gay experience around the world.

In Global Gay, Frédéric Martel visits more than fifty countries and documents a revolution underway around the world: the globalization of LGBT rights. From Saudi Arabia to South Africa, from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv, from Singapore to the United States, activists, culture warriors, and ordinary people are part of a movement. Martel interviews the proprietor of a “gay-friendly” café in Amman, Jordan; a Cuban-American television journalist in Fort Lauderdale, Florida; a South African jurist who worked with Nelson Mandela to enshrine gay rights in the country's constitution; an American lawyer who worked on the campaign for marriage equality; an Egyptian man who fled his country after escaping a raid on a gay club; and many others. He tells us that in China, homosexuality is neither prohibited nor permitted, and that much Chinese gay life takes place on social media; that in Iran, because of the strict separation of the sexes, it seems almost easier to be gay than heterosexual; and that Raul Castro's daughter, a gay rights icon in Cuba, expressed her lingering anti-American sentiments by calling for Pride celebrations in May rather than June. Ten countries maintain the death penalty for homosexuals. “Homophobia is what Arab governments give to Islamists to keep them calm,” one activist tells Martel.

Martel finds that although the “gay American way of life” has created a global template for gay activism and culture, each country offers distinctly local variations. And around the world, the status of gay rights has become a measure of a country's democracy and modernity.

This English edition, which has been thoroughly revised and updated, has received the French Voices Award for excellence in publication and translation, supported by a grant from the French-American Book Fund.
Science and Environment in Chile
Authors: Barandiarán Javiera
Published: January 2019

The politics of scientific advice across four environmental conflicts in Chile, when the state acted as a “neutral broker” rather than protecting the common good.

In Science and Environment in Chile, Javiera Barandiarán examines the consequences for environmental governance when the state lacks the capacity to produce an authoritative body of knowledge. Focusing on the experience of Chile after it transitioned from dictatorship to democracy, she examines a series of environmental conflicts in which the state tried to act as a “neutral broker” rather than the protector of the common good. She argues that this shift in the role of the state—occurring in other countries as well—is driven in part by the political ideology of neoliberalism, which favors market mechanisms and private initiatives over the actions of state agencies. Chile has not invested in environmental science labs, state agencies with in-house capacities, or an ancillary network of trusted scientific advisers—despite the growing complexity of environmental problems and increasing popular demand for more active environmental stewardship. Unlike a high modernist “empire” state with the scientific and technical capacity to undertake large-scale projects, Chile's model has been that of an “umpire” state that purchases scientific advice from markets.

After describing the evolution of Chilean regulatory and scientific institutions during the transition, Barandiarán describes four environmental crises that shook citizens' trust in government: the near-collapse of the farmed salmon industry when an epidemic killed millions of fish; pollution from a paper and pulp mill that killed off or forced out thousands of black-neck swans; a gold mine that threatened three glaciers; and five controversial mega-dams in Patagonia.
What the Digital Future Holds
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review
Published: January 2019

The relationship between management and digital technology: experts present a new agenda for the practice of management.

Digital technology has profoundly affected the ways that businesses design and produce goods, manage internal communication, and connect with customers. But the next phase of the digital revolution raises a new set of questions about the relationship between technology and the practice of management. Managers in the digital era must consider how big data can inform hiring decisions, whether new communication technologies are empowering workers or unleashing organizational chaos, what role algorithms will play in corporate strategy, and even how to give performance feedback to a robot. This collection of short, pithy essays from MIT Sloan Management Review, written by both practitioners and academic experts, explores technology's foundational impact on management.

Much of the conversation around these topics centers on the evolving relationship between humans and cognitive technologies, and the essays reflect this—considering, for example, not only how to manage a bot but how cognitive systems will enhance business decision making, how AI delivers value, and the ethics of algorithms.

Contributors Ajay Agrawal, Robert D. Austin, David H. Autor, Andrew Burgert, Paul R. Daugherty, Thomas H. Davenport, R. Edward Freeman, Joshua S. Gans, Avi Goldfarb, Lynda Gratton, Reid Hoffman, Bala Iyer, Gerald C. Kane, Frieda Klotz, Rita Gunther McGrath, Paul Michelman, Andrew W. Moore, Nicola Morini-Bianzino, Tim O'Reilly, Bidhan L. Parmar, Ginni Rometty, Bernd Schmitt, Alex Tapscott, Don Tapscott, Monideepa Tarafdar, Catherine J. Turco, George Westerman, H. James Wilson, Andrew S. Winston
De Lingua Belief
Authors: Fiengo Robert , May Robert
Published: January 2019

An investigation into the beliefs speakers have about language—their de lingua beliefs—that examines the genesis of these beliefs and the central explanatory role they play in the use and understanding of language.

Speakers, in their everyday conversations, use language to talk about language. They may wonder about what words mean, to whom a name refers, whether a sentence is true. They may worry whether they have been clear, or correctly expressed what they meant to say. That speakers can make such inquiries implies a degree of access to the complex array of knowledge and skills underlying our ability to speak, and though this access is incomplete, we nevertheless can form on this basis beliefs about linguistic matters of considerable subtlety, about ourselves and others. It is beliefs of this sort—de lingua beliefs—that Robert Fiengo and Robert May explore in this book.

Fiengo and May focus on the beliefs speakers have about the semantic values of linguistic expressions, exploring the genesis of these beliefs and the explanatory roles they play in how speakers use and understand language. Fiengo and May examine the resources available to speakers for generating linguistic beliefs, considering how linguistic theory characterizes the formal, syntactic identity of the expressions linguistic beliefs are about and how this affects speakers' beliefs about coreference. Their key insight is that the content of beliefs about semantic values can be taken as part of what we say by our utterances. This has direct consequences, examined in detail by Fiengo and May, for explaining the informativeness of identity statements and the possibilities for substitution in attributions of propositional attitudes, cases in which speakers' beliefs about coreference play a central role.

Bradford Books imprint
Making Microchips
Authors: Mazurek Jan
Published: January 2019

An examination of the environmental and economic implications of the computer microchip industry's exodus from California's Silicon Valley to New Mexico, Virginia, Ireland, and Taiwan.

In Making Microchips, Jan Mazurek examines the environmental and economic implications of the computer microchip industry's exodus from California's Silicon Valley to New Mexico, Virginia, Ireland, and Taiwan. Globalization, economic restructuring, and changing manufacturing processes in this rapidly growing industry present difficult new questions for environmental policy. Mazurek challenges the assumptions of U.S. policies designed to promote the competitiveness of domestic microchip makers. She argues that, although these initiatives focus on the economic effects of environmental regulation, they fail to acknowledge how economic and organizational changes within the industry collide with and often confound efforts to monitor and manage pollution from chemicals used in microchip manufacturing.

Despite its reputation as a clean industry, microchip manufacturing is fraught with hazards. More than sixty dangerous acids, solvents, caustics, and gases are used to make microchips, and some of them are suspected to be carcinogens and/or reproductive toxins. Mazurek describes the environmental by-products of chipmaking, including soil contamination, air and water pollution, and damage to human health. Applying insights from economic geography to questions of how and where companies organize production, she shows how Silicon Valley played a pivotal role in the development of the microchip. Pairing federal environmental data with structural and geographic information on the six firms that continue to build wafer fabrication plants in the United States, she demonstrates how reorganization and relocation of manufacturing facilities divert attention from trends in toxic emissions and how they complicate public and private efforts to improve the industry's environmental performance. In the concluding chapter, Mazurek marshals her findings in a broader analysis of the expansion of global manufacturing and the resultant environmental problems.
Self-Stabilization
Authors: Dolev Shlomi
Published: January 2019

Shlomi Dolev presents the fundamentals of self-stabilization and demonstrates the process of designing self-stabilizing distributed systems.

Self-stabilization, an important concept to theoreticians and practitioners in distributed computing and communication networks, refers to a system's ability to recover automatically from unexpected faults. In this book Shlomi Dolev presents the fundamentals of self-stabilization and demonstrates the process of designing self-stabilizing distributed systems. He details the algorithms that can be started in an arbitrary state, allowing the system to recover from the faults that brought it to that state. The book proceeds from the basic concept of self-stabilizing algorithms to advanced applications.
Mining the Biomedical Literature
Authors: Shatkay Hagit , Craven Mark
Published: January 2019

A concise introduction to fundamental methods for finding and extracting relevant information from the ever-increasing amounts of biomedical text available

The introduction of high-throughput methods has transformed biology into a data-rich science. Knowledge about biological entities and processes has traditionally been acquired by thousands of scientists through decades of experimentation and analysis. The current abundance of biomedical data is accompanied by the creation and quick dissemination of new information. Much of this information and knowledge, however, is represented only in text form—in the biomedical literature, lab notebooks, Web pages, and other sources. Researchers' need to find relevant information in the vast amounts of text has created a surge of interest in automated text-analysis.

In this book, Hagit Shatkay and Mark Craven offer a concise and accessible introduction to key ideas in biomedical text mining. The chapters cover such topics as the relevant sources of biomedical text; text-analysis methods in natural language processing; the tasks of information extraction, information retrieval, and text categorization; and methods for empirically assessing text-mining systems. Finally, the authors describe several applications that recognize entities in text and link them to other entities and data resources, support the curation of structured databases, and make use of text to enable further prediction and discovery.
Structures of Scientific Collaboration
Authors: Shrum Wesley , Genuth Joel , Chompalov Ivan
Published: January 2019

How technology and bureaucracy shape collaborative scientific research projects: an empirical study of multiorganizational collaboration in the physical sciences.

Collaboration among organizations is rapidly becoming common in scientific research as globalization and new communication technologies make it possible for researchers from different locations and institutions to work together on common projects. These scientific and technological collaborations are part of a general trend toward more fluid, flexible, and temporary organizational arrangements, but they have received very limited scholarly attention. Structures of Scientific Collaboration is the first study to examine multi-organizational collaboration systematically, drawing on a database of 53 collaborations documented for the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics. By integrating quantitative sociological analyses with detailed case histories, Shrum, Genuth, and Chompalov pioneer a new and truly interdisciplinary method for the study of science and technology. Scientists undertake multi-organizational collaborations because individual institutions often lack sufficient resources—including the latest technology—to achieve a given research objective. The authors find that collaborative research depends on both technology and bureaucracy; scientists claim to abhor bureaucracy, but most collaborations use it constructively to achieve their goals. The book analyzes the structural elements of collaboration (among them formation, size and duration, organization, technological practices, and participant experiences) and the relationships among them. The authors find that trust, though viewed as positive, is not necessarily associated with successful projects; indeed, the formal structures of bureaucracy reduce the need for high levels of trust—and make possible the independence so valued by participating scientists.
Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology
Authors: Richardson Robert C.
Published: January 2019

A philosopher subjects the claims of evolutionary psychology to the evidential and methodological requirements of evolutionary biology, concluding that evolutionary psychology's explanations amount to speculation disguised as results.

Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits—including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason—can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology, Robert Richardson takes a critical look at evolutionary psychology by subjecting its ambitious and controversial claims to the same sorts of methodological and evidential constraints that are broadly accepted within evolutionary biology.

The claims of evolutionary psychology may pass muster as psychology; but what are their evolutionary credentials? Richardson considers three ways adaptive hypotheses can be evaluated, using examples from the biological literature to illustrate what sorts of evidence and methodology would be necessary to establish specific evolutionary and adaptive explanations of human psychological traits. He shows that existing explanations within evolutionary psychology fall woefully short of accepted biological standards. The theories offered by evolutionary psychologists may identify traits that are, or were, beneficial to humans. But gauged by biological standards, there is inadequate evidence: evolutionary psychologists are largely silent on the evolutionary evidence relevant to assessing their claims, including such matters as variation in ancestral populations, heritability, and the advantage offered to our ancestors. As evolutionary claims they are unsubstantiated. Evolutionary psychology, Richardson concludes, may offer a program of research, but it lacks the kind of evidence that is generally expected within evolutionary biology. It is speculation rather than sound science—and we should treat its claims with skepticism.

Bradford Books imprint
Engineers for Change
Authors: Wisnioski Matthew
Published: January 2019

An account of conflicts within engineering in the 1960s that helped shape our dominant contemporary understanding of technological change as the driver of history.

In the late 1960s an eclectic group of engineers joined the antiwar and civil rights activists of the time in agitating for change. The engineers were fighting to remake their profession, challenging their fellow engineers to embrace a more humane vision of technology. In Engineers for Change, Matthew Wisnioski offers an account of this conflict within engineering, linking it to deep-seated assumptions about technology and American life.

The postwar period in America saw a near-utopian belief in technology's beneficence. Beginning in the mid-1960s, however, society—influenced by the antitechnology writings of such thinkers as Jacques Ellul and Lewis Mumford—began to view technology in a more negative light. Engineers themselves were seen as conformist organization men propping up the military-industrial complex. A dissident minority of engineers offered critiques of their profession that appropriated concepts from technology's critics. These dissidents were criticized in turn by conservatives who regarded them as countercultural Luddites. And yet, as Wisnioski shows, the radical minority spurred the professional elite to promote a new understanding of technology as a rapidly accelerating force that our institutions are ill-equipped to handle. The negative consequences of technology spring from its very nature—and not from engineering's failures. “Sociotechnologists” were recruited to help society adjust to its technology. Wisnioski argues that in responding to the challenges posed by critics within their profession, engineers in the 1960s helped shape our dominant contemporary understanding of technological change as the driver of history.