bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special education documents and young children's right to be heard
Authors: Franck Karianne
Published: August 2023

The aim of this article was to explore whether and how special education documents incorporate efforts to hear young children. The study is based on an in‐depth analysis of expert assessments and individual education plans (IEP) pertaining to 17 children enrolled in early education and care (ECEC) institutions in Norway. The documents are scrutinized for explicit attempts to hear young children, as well as in‐depth analysis of descriptions of children to see if the text convey efforts to include their perspectives. The findings reveal a clear absence of explicit attempts to listen to children during the assessment process. However, the assessments include information obtained from parents and ECEC regarding children's preferences and interests, suggesting an attempt to represent children's voices by proxy. Although the documents contain various descriptions of children's verbal and non‐verbal expressions, these descriptions primarily serve as illustrations of their challenges. The assessments portray children as individuals with difficulties, positioning them as mere ‘cases’. At the same time, recommendations and plans for support emphasize listening to children's voices. The findings of this study suggest a need to redefine special education documents in order to listen to children's views and to incorporate alternative understandings into the assessment process.
Determinants of fatigue in emergency department clinicians who wear personal protective equipment
Authors: Bodnar Daniel , Brown Nathan J , Mitchell Gary , Hughes James A , Lourensen Darren , Hawkins Tracey , Chu Kevin
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine the independent predictors for clinician fatigue and decline in cognitive function following a shift in the ED during early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This was a prospective, quasi‐experimental study conducted in a metropolitan adult tertiary‐referral hospital ED over 20 weeks in 2021. The participants were ED doctors and nurses working clinical shifts in an ED isolation area or high‐risk zone (HRZ) with stringent personal protective equipment (PPE). The participants' objective and subjective fatigue was measured by the Samn–Perelli fatigue score and a psychomotor vigilance ‘smart game’ score, respectively. Postural signs/symptoms and urine specific gravity (SG) were measured as markers of dehydration.

Results

Sixty‐three participants provided data for 263 shifts. Median (interquartile range) age was 33 (28–38) years, 73% were female. Worsening fatigue score was associated with working afternoon shifts (afternoon vs day, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–20.02]) and in non‐HRZ locations (HRZ vs non‐HRZ, aOR 0.23 [95% CI 0.06–0.87]). Worsening cognitive function (game score) was associated with new onset postural symptoms (new vs no symptoms, aOR 4.14 [95% CI 1.34–12.51]) and afternoon shifts (afternoon vs day, aOR 3.13 [95% CI 1.16–8.44]). Working in the HRZ was not associated with declining cognitive function. Thirty‐four (37%) of the 92 participants had an end of shift urine SG >1.030.

Conclusion

Working afternoon shifts was associated with fatigue. There was no association between HRZ allocation and fatigue, but our study was limited by a low COVID workload and fluctuating PPE requirements in the non‐HRZs. Workplace interventions that target the prevention of fatigue in ED clinicians working afternoon shifts should be prioritised.
Modeling the antimicrobial effects of olive mill waste extract, rich in hydroxytyrosol, on the growth of lactic acid bacteria using response surface methodology
Authors: Caballero‐Guerrero Belén , Garrido‐Fernández Antonio , Fermoso Fernando G. , Fernández‐Prior María África , Cubero‐Cardoso Juan , Reinhard Claudio , Nyström Laura , Benítez‐Cabello Antonio , López‐García Elio , Arroyo‐López Francisco Noé
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to assess the inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract from olive oil mill waste (alperujo) on the growth of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cocktail consisting of various strains of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species. For this purpose, response surface methodology was employed using two independent variables (pH levels 3.5–5.55; hydroxytyrosol concentration ranging from 0.93–2990 ppm). The response variable was the average inhibition per treatment on the LAB cocktail (expressed as a percentage). The developed model identified significant terms, including the linear effect of hydroxytyrosol and pH, their interaction, and the quadratic effect of pH. Maximum inhibition of the LAB cocktail was observed at progressively higher concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and lower pH values. Therefore, complete inhibition of LAB in the synthetic culture medium could only be achieved for concentrations of 2984 ppm hydroxytyrosol at a pH of 3.95. These findings suggest that extracts derived from “alperujo” could be utilized as a natural preservative in acidified foods with a bitter flavor and antioxidant requirements.
Improving climate and biodiversity outcomes through restoration of forest integrity
Authors: Rayden Tim , Jones Kendall R. , Austin Kemen , Radachowsky Jeremy
Published: August 2023

Targeting degraded areas in forested landscapes for restoration could deliver rapid climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation, improve resilience of forested lands to future climate change, and potentially reduce the trade‐offs between nature recovery and agriculture. Although the importance of forest restoration for climate mitigation is acknowledged, current estimates of its climate mitigation potential may be underestimated because they focus predominantly on reforesting cleared areas. We built on recent analyses of forest integrity and unrealized forest biomass potential to examine the potential for restoring the integrity of degraded forests. There are over 1.5 billion ha of forests worldwide that retain 50–80% of their potential biomass. Prioritizing restoration in these areas could deliver rapid biodiversity and climate mitigation benefits, relative to restoring forest on cleared land. We applied a spatial planning approach to demonstrate how restoration interventions can be targeted to support the conservation of high‐integrity forest, a potential pathway to the delivery of the 30×30 goal of the Convention on Biodiversity's Global Biodiversity Framework.
NTRK expression is common in xanthogranuloma and is associated with the solitary variant
Authors: Umphress B. , Kuhar M. , Kowal R. , Alomari A. K. , Baldridge L. A. , Ross A. J. , Warren S. J.
Published: August 2023

Background

Previously identified mutually‐exclusive driver genes in juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and adult xanthogranuloma (AXG) include mutations in MAP kinase pathway genes such as MAP2K1, BRAF, ARAF, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CD as well as fusions in BRAF and ALK, with a subset of cases with no identified driver yet. NTRK fusion has been identified in rare cases.

Methods

We identified two consecutive index cases of localized JXG or AXG with NTRK1 fusion by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and confirmed by pan‐NTRK immunostain. We expanded the study to a total of 50 cases of JXG and AXG using screening by pan‐NTRK immunostain. We confirmed the specificity of our approach with negative results in 5 cases of histiocytic neoplasia lacking an NTRK fusion by NGS and 14 cases of non‐neoplastic histiocytic disease.

Results

We found 23 cases of JXG or AXG with overexpression of NTRK by immunostain, and these cases were restricted to localized disease (23 of 43 cases, 53.5%) rather than disseminated disease (zero of seven cases).

Conclusions

NTRK expression is common in JXG or AXG and associated with localized rather than disseminated disease. We speculate that the potential importance of this in JXG and AXG has not been previously appreciated due to the tendency to focus sequencing studies on disseminated disease. We confirm the presence of an NTRK1 fusion in two positive cases by NGS, however, additional genetic studies are necessary to further explore this.
Comparative efficacy of different reconstruction methods after wide local excision of the nail unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Fang , Jiang Jia‐yi , Huang Shu‐dai , Liu Meng‐xi , Wang Xiao‐qing , Wong Hoi Shiwn , Wang Da‐guang
Published: August 2023

Background

Wide local excision (WLE) of the nail unit is widely used in treating in situ and minimally invasive malignant subungual tumours. After WLE, diverse reconstruction methods have been reported. However, the best repair method has yet to be determined.

Objective

To compare the repair effects and postoperative morbidity of secondary intention healing (SIH), artificial dermis grafting combined with secondary intention healing (ADGSIH) and full‐thickness skin grafting (FSG) after WLE of the nail unit.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who underwent WLE of the nail unit. The re‐epithelializing time, functional and cosmetic outcomes, postoperative complications and patients' satisfaction were assessed from the follow‐up records.

Results

The FSG group showed more rapid healing and better functional and cosmetic outcomes than the SIH and ADGSIH groups. The ADGSIH and FSG groups showed significant pain relief compared to the SIH group. No serious early and late postoperative complications were reported. The median follow‐up period was 26 months, and no recurrence was observed. All patients were satisfied with the treatment.

Conclusions

FSG after the WLE of the nail unit is a therapeutic option with convenient application, significant pain relief, rapid recovery and satisfying functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Current evidence on supranormal lung function: A call for longitudinal research to optimize lung health
Authors: Dharmage Shyamali C. , Bui Dinh S.
Published: August 2023

See related article
Plasma processing and annealing for defect management at SiO2/Si interface
Authors: Nunomura Shota , Tsutsumi Takayoshi , Sakata Isao , Hori Masaru
Published: August 2023

The defect generation and recovery at the SiO2/Si interface are studied in argon (Ar) plasma irradiation and consecutive annealing. The defects are generated by the Ar plasma irradiation and recovered by annealing. The recovery of defects strongly depends on the origins of defect generation, i.e., photon irradiation or ion bombardment. The photon-induced defects are nearly fully recovered by annealing at 300 °C, whereas the ion-induced defects are not sufficiently recovered. With high-energy bombardments of ions at ⪆200 eV, the residual defects are created at the 5 nm-thick thermal-SiO2/Si interface. The ion energy should be properly controlled in plasma processing for high-performance device fabrication.
Applying Average Real Variability to Quantifying Day–Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Postures Variability: A Comparison With Standard Deviation
Authors: Shivgulam Madeline E. , O’Brien Myles W.
Published: August 2023

Intraindividual activity variability is often overlooked, with some existing work using SD as a variability metric. However, average real variability (ARV) may be a more suitable metric as it accounts for temporal variability. The purpose of this exploratory study was to (a) apply ARV analyses to habitual activity outcomes; (b) assess the agreement between ARV and SD for habitual step counts, standing time, and sedentary time; and (c) determine the relationship between activity variability (SD and ARV) with average activity values. One hundred and eighty-nine participants (37 ± 22 years, 109 females) wore the activPAL inclinometer on their thigh 24 hr/day for 6.4 ± 0.9 days. SD and ARV were calculated for each participant across their wear time. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that ARV was significantly higher than SD for step count, standing time, and sedentary time (all, p < .001). Equivalence testing demonstrated mixed equivalence for step counts (10%), standing time (12%), and sedentary time (14%). SD and ARV were highly correlated to each other for all activity metrics (all, ρ > .857, p < .001). SD was moderately (ρ = .601, p < .001) and weakly (ρ = .296, p < .001) correlated with average step count and standing time, respectively. ARV was weakly correlated with average step count and standing time (both: ρ < .499, p < .001). However, average sedentary time was not associated with SD or ARV (both, p > .177). While the two measurements of variability were strongly correlated, they cannot be used interchangeably. More monitoring research should consider intraindividual activity variability and use methods, such as ARV, that consider the temporal nature of day–day activity.
Activity Behaviors Before and During Pregnancy Are Associated With Women’s Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Later Parenthood: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R. , Baird Janis , Crozier Sarah R. , Godfrey Keith M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , van Sluijs Esther M.F.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To explore how activity behaviors before/during pregnancy relate to those in later parenthood, we assessed associations between sitting and moderate-/strenuous exercise before/during pregnancy, and sedentary time (SED) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 4–7 years postpartum (“later parenthood”). Methods: Longitudinal data were from the Southampton Women’s Survey, United Kingdom. Women reported time spent sitting (in hours per day), in moderate-strenuous exercise (hours per week), and in strenuous exercise (hours per week) at 3 time points before/during pregnancy (ie, preconception, at ∼12-wk and ∼34-wk gestation). From this, we derived 3 behavior trajectories for each woman. In later parenthood, women wore an accelerometer for ≤7 days (mean: 5.4 [SD: 1.8] d), which we used to derive 2 outcomes: minutes per day SED and in MVPA. Multilevel linear regression was used to explore associations between trajectories before/during pregnancy and device-measured SED/MVPA in later parenthood. Results: A total of 780 women provided valid data before/during pregnancy and in later parenthood. Consistent high sitters (vs low) were more sedentary 4–7 years postpartum (β = 39.5 min/d [95% confidence interval, 23.26 to 55.82]), as were women in groups who sat more in later pregnancy. Consistently high moderate/-strenuous exercisers (vs low) were 22% (95% confidence interval, 2%–47%) more active in later parenthood; those engaging in strenuous activity preconception tended to have higher MVPA as parents. Conclusions: Trajectories of sitting and exercise before/during pregnancy are associated with SED and MVPA, respectively, in later parenthood. Interventions to reduce sitting in pregnancy and to encourage higher intensity activity preconception may benefit maternal and child health.
Organoid cell fate dynamics in space and time
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Betjes Max A. , Ender Pascal , Goos Yvonne J. , Huelsz-Prince Guizela , Clevers Hans , van Zon Jeroen S. , Tans Sander J.
Published: August 2023

Organoids are a major new tool to study tissue renewal. However, characterizing the underlying differentiation dynamics remains challenging. Here, we developed TypeTracker, which identifies cell fates by AI-enabled cell tracking and propagating end point fates back along the branched lineage trees. Cells that ultimately migrate to the villus commit to their new type early, when still deep inside the crypt, with important consequences: (i) Secretory cells commit before terminal division, with secretory fates emerging symmetrically in sister cells. (ii) Different secretory types descend from distinct stem cell lineages rather than an omnipotent secretory progenitor. (iii) The ratio between secretory and absorptive cells is strongly affected by proliferation after commitment. (iv) Spatial patterning occurs after commitment through type-dependent cell rearrangements. This “commit-then-sort” model contrasts with the conventional conveyor belt picture, where cells differentiate by moving up the crypt-villus axis and hence raises new questions about the underlying commitment and sorting mechanisms.
XAF1 promotes anti-RNA virus immune responses by regulating chromatin accessibility
Authors: Kuang Ming , Zhao Yingchi , Yu Haitao , Li Siji , Liu Tianyi , Chen Luoying , Chen Jingxuan , Luo Yujie , Guo Xuefei , Wei Xuemei , Li Yunfei , Zhang Zeming , Wang Dandan , You Fuping
Published: August 2023

A rapid induction of antiviral genes is critical for eliminating viruses, which requires activated transcription factors and opened chromatins to initiate transcription. However, it remains elusive how the accessibility of specific chromatin is regulated during infection. Here, we found that XAF1 functioned as an epigenetic regulator that liberated repressed chromatin after infection. Upon RNA virus infection, MAVS recruited XAF1 and TBK1. TBK1 phosphorylated XAF1 at serine-252 and promoted its nuclear translocation. XAF1 then interacted with TRIM28 with the guidance of IRF1 to the specific locus of antiviral genes. XAF1 de-SUMOylated TRIM28 through its PHD domain, which led to increased accessibility of the chromatin and robust induction of antiviral genes. XAF1-deficient mice were susceptible to RNA virus due to impaired induction of antiviral genes. Together, XAF1 acts as an epigenetic regulator that promotes the opening of chromatin and activation of antiviral immunity by targeting TRIM28 during infection.
The youth mental health crisis: Quasi-experimental evidence on the role of school closures
Authors: Felfe Christina , Saurer Judith , Schneider Patrick , Vornberger Judith , Erhart Michael , Kaman Anne , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the youth mental health crisis has reached unprecedented levels. To which extent school closures, one of the most heavily debated pandemic measures, have contributed to or even caused this crisis is largely unknown. We seek to narrow this blind spot, by combining quasi-experimental variation in school closure and reopening strategies across the German federal states at the onset of the pandemic with nationwide, population-based survey data on youth mental health and high-frequency data from the largest crisis helpline. We show that prolonged school closures led to a substantial deterioration in youth health-related quality of life, precipitating early signs of mental health problems. The effects were most severe among boys, younger adolescents, and families with limited living space. We further provide evidence that family problems are a major issue that adolescents were struggling with when denied access to school. Overall, school closures largely explain the deterioration of youth mental health over the first pandemic wave.
A virally encoded GPCR drives glioblastoma through feed-forward activation of the SK1-S1P
1
signaling axis
Authors: Bergkamp Nick D. , van Senten Jeffrey R. , Brink Hendrik J. , Bebelman Maarten P. , van den Bor Jelle , Çobanoğlu Tuğçe S. , Dinkla Kasper , Köster Johannes , Klau Gunnar , Siderius Marco , Smit Martine J.
Published: August 2023

The G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) US28 encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with accelerated progression of glioblastomas, aggressive brain tumors with a generally poor prognosis. Here, we showed that US28 increased the malignancy of U251 glioblastoma cells by enhancing signaling mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid that stimulates oncogenic pathways in glioblastoma. US28 expression increased the abundance of the key components of the S1P signaling axis, including an enzyme that generates S1P [sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)], an S1P receptor [S1P receptor 1 (S1P
1
)], and S1P itself. Enhanced S1P signaling promoted glioblastoma cell proliferation and survival by activating the kinases AKT and CHK1 and the transcriptional regulators cMYC and STAT3 and by increasing the abundance of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), driving several feed-forward signaling loops. Inhibition of S1P signaling abrogated the proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of US28. US28 also activated the S1P signaling axis in HCMV-infected cells. This study uncovers central roles for S1P and CIP2A in feed-forward signaling that contributes to the US28-mediated exacerbation of glioblastoma.
Vibrio cholerae
phage ICP3 requires O1 antigen for infection
Authors: Beckman Drew A. , Waters Christopher M.
Published: August 2023

In its natural aquatic environment, the bacterial pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
, the causative agent of the enteric disease cholera, is in constant competition with bacterial viruses known as phages. Following ICP3 infection,
V. cholerae
cultures that exhibited phage killing always recovered overnight, and clones isolated from these regrowth populations exhibited complete resistance to subsequent infections. Whole-genome sequencing of these resistant mutants revealed seven distinct mutations in genes encoding for enzymes involved in O1 antigen biosynthesis, demonstrating that the O1 antigen is a previously uncharacterized putative receptor of ICP3. To further elucidate the specificity of the resistance conferred by these mutations, they were challenged with the
V. cholerae
-specific phages ICP1 and ICP2. All seven O1 antigen mutants demonstrated pan-resistance to ICP1 but not ICP2, which utilizes the OmpU outer membrane protein as a receptor. We show that resistant mutations to ICP1 and ICP3 evolve at a significantly higher frequency than ICP2, but these mutations have a significant fitness tradeoff to
V. cholerae
and are unable to evolve in the presence of an antimicrobial that mimics host cell defensins.
Rosmarinic acid alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in intestinal tissues by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Li Kan , Wu Jiawei , Xu Shuang , Li Xueying , Zhang Yanhe , Gao Xue-jiao
Published: August 2023

The host–bacterial interactions play the key role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora can lead to pathological changes in the intestine. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-bacterial activities that has a palliative effect on acute IBD. We have established an
in vivo
model for mice. Histological staining was performed to directly observe RA alterations in the intestinal tract. The alteration of RA on mouse intestinal flora was observed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and the effect of RA on intestinal mechanism of action was detected by qPCR and western blot. The results showed that RA had a significant protective effect on the intestine. RA upregulated the abundance of
Lactobacillus johnsonii
and
Candidatus Arthromitus sp SFB-mouse-NL
and downregulated the abundance of
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
,
Escherichia coli,
and
Romboutsia ilealis
. RA downregulated the expressions of ROCK, RhoA, CaM, MLC, MLCK, ZEB1, ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, E-cadherin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, Caspase12, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Cytc, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and upregulated the expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2. These results displayed that RA inhibited the inflammation, which is caused by tight junction damage, by repairing intestinal flora dysbiosis, relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited cell death, and corrected smooth muscle contractile dysregulation. The results of this study revealed RA could have a protective effect on the small intestine of mice by regulating intestinal flora.

IMPORTANCE

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, remitting disorder of the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of rosmarinic acid on the intestinal tract. The results showed that RA was effective in reducing inflammatory damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, smooth muscle contraction abnormalities, and regulating intestinal flora disorders.
Supplemental Material: Genesis of the Samba Cu deposit of the Central African Copperbelt in Zambia: Constraints from geochemistry and geochronology
Authors: Zhang Yong , et al.
Published: August 2023

Analytical methods.
Aircraft Collisions with Birds (Orders Falconiformes and Accipitriformes)
Authors: Silaeva O. L. , Pedenko A. S.
Published: August 2023

Statistical data on aircraft collisions with birds of prey (Falconiformes and Accipitriformes) are analyzed. The basis of the analysis was the results of study at the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPEE RAS). The reasons and factors attracting birds of prey to airfields are considered. In the period from 2005 to 2022, seven species of birds of prey involved in 29 collisions with aircraft were identified. The largest number of birdstrikes occur with the Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus and the common buzzard Common Buzzard Buteo buteo. Most collisions occur at the airport or in its vicinity; strikes occur 4.3 times more often during take-off than during landing. Primarily the engine or wing structure is damaged by collisions with raptor birds. Recommendations are given to control bird behavior to minimize strikes with birds of prey at the airfield.
Are the deprescribing guidelines for proton pump inhibitors in palliative care applicable? A monocentric observational study
Authors: Evin Adrien , Denis Claire , Nizet Pierre , Denis Roxane , Lannes Morgane , Victorri-Vigneau Caroline , Huon Jean Francois
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of prescribing PPIs in the palliative care unit on admission and during hospitalisation to determine the applicability of deprescribing recommendations.

Methods

A monocentric observational study was conducted over a 6-month period in 2020 in a university palliative care unit. Data on indication, starting date, dose and posology were collected at discharge from the medical record and by contacting the prescriber. A physician and a pharmacist evaluated PPI prescription appropriateness according to guidelines.

Results

131 patients (mean age: 69.5 years; 82% with cancer) were included. Prior to admission, 41% (54/131) of patients were already prescribed PPIs. During hospitalisation, 50% of prescriptions were discontinued, while 12% were initiated. The indication was known for 50% of patients on admission and 59% during their stay. Among patients with PPI prescriptions, 56% had a relevant indication on admission, and 63% during their stay. The prevalence of potential drug interactions was low (<1/10).

Conclusions

While PPIs remain essential for specific indications, this study highlights their excessive prescription even during palliative care. Implementing deprescribing recommendations in this population is crucial to optimise treatment plans.
The beryllium atom, ions, and iso-electronic ions in magnetic field using the variational Monte Carlo method
Authors: Doma S. B. , Roston G. D. , Ahmed M. F.
Published: August 2023

The variational Monte Carlo method is applied to investigate several properties of the beryllium atom, ions, and its iso-electronic ions. For the ground and the excited states of the beryllium atom and ions, the energy eigenvalues were evaluated freely and under the influence of magnetic field. Furthermore, the iso-electronic ions (B+ and C2+) are also investigated under the influence of the external magnetic field. Suitable trial wave functions including the spin and the correlated parts are used in these investigation. Some new excited states were included in the present work, such as the low-lying states (1s22s3s and 1s22s3p) and the core states (1s2s23s and 1s2s3s2). For the spin functions of these states, we used two different functions for the singlet and the triplet excited states. Moreover, the energies of the beryllium ions (Be+ and Be2+) were evaluated freely and in the presence of magnetic field. The obtained results are in good agreement with the corresponding results of other works.

Graphical abstract
Physical and dynamic characteristics of high-amplitude ultrasonic wave propagation in nonlinear and dissipative media
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the soliton solutions for the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov ([Formula: see text]) problem using the Bernoulli sub-equation function approach, generalized Kudryashov method, and Homotopy perturbation method. The [Formula: see text] equation, a nonlinear wave equation that governs the propagation of high-amplitude ultrasonic waves through nonlinear media, is studied in detail. Perturbation theory and asymptotic expansions are employed to derive approximate solutions for the [Formula: see text] problem. These methodologies offer valuable insights into the behavior of ultrasonic waves in different media, thereby facilitating the optimization of ultrasonic transducer design and enhancing the precision of ultrasonic imaging systems. The analytical and semi-analytical methods utilized for solving the [Formula: see text] equation are computationally efficient and serve as valuable resources for researchers and engineers working in the field of ultrasonics. The outcomes of this study carry significant implications for the understanding of ultrasonic wave behavior in nonlinear and dissipative media, ultimately contributing to the development of more accurate and efficient ultrasonic imaging techniques.
Context-Encoded Code Change Representation for Automated Commit Message Generation
Authors: Vu Thanh Trong , Do Thanh-Dat , Vo Hieu Dinh
Published: August 2023

Changes in source code are an inevitable part of software development. They are the results of indispensable activities such as fixing bugs or improving functionality. Descriptions for code changes (commit messages) help people better understand the changes. However, due to the lack of motivation and time pressure, writing high-quality commit messages remains reluctantly considered. Several methods have been proposed with the aim of automated commit message generation. However, the existing methods are still limited because they only utilize either the changed codes or the changed codes combined with their surrounding statements. This paper proposes a method to represent code changes by combining the changed codes and the unchanged codes which have program dependence on the changed codes. Specifically, we first create program dependence graphs (PDGs) of source code before and after the change. After that, slices related to the changed code from these PDGs are extracted. These slices are then merged to represent the change. This method overcomes the limitations of current representations while improving the performance of 5/6 of state-of-the-art commit message generation methods by up to 15% in METEOR, 14% in ROUGE-L, and 10% in BLEU-4.
Bifurcation analysis of a delayed reaction–diffusion–advection Nicholson’s blowflies equation
Authors: Tan Mengfan , Wei Chunjin , Wei Junjie
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion Nicholson’s blowflies equation with advection. The stability of positive steady state and existence of Hopf bifurcation are obtained by analyzing the distribution of the eigenvalues. Moreover, by using the center manifold theory and normal form method, an explicit algorithm for determining the direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation is derived. Meanwhile, we find out that the bifurcation value is increasing with respect to the advection rate. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the advection term causes the population to move from upstream to downstream, which also indicates that advection term plays a key role in the description and interpretation of some common natural phenomena.
Dynamical behavior analysis of an eighth-order Sharma’s method
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaohe , Li Wenshuo
Published: August 2023

We analyze the dynamical behavior of an eighth-order Sharma’s iterative scheme, which contains a single parameter, with respect to an arbitrary quadratic polynomial using complex analysis. The eighth-order Sharma’s iterative scheme is analytically conjugated to a rational operator on the Riemann sphere. We discuss the strange fixed points of the rational operator and present its stable region graph. Additionally, we briefly investigate the superattracting point and the critical point, which have an impact on the Sharma’s iterative scheme discussed. Finally, we present the dynamical planes for different parameter values using the complex dynamics tool, which helps us select more effective members of the Sharma’s iterative scheme. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
The seasonal influenza transmission dynamic and the correlation analysis with meteorology in Beijing
Authors: Shi Lusha , Wang Liping , Jin Zhen
Published: August 2023

Based on the transmission mechanism of seasonal influenza, this paper establishes a SEIMHRS model with hospital-visiting behavior and periodic transmission rate, and then analyzes the existence and stability of disease-free and endemic periodic solutions theoretically. Taking the epidemic of seasonal influenza during 2013–2018 in Beijing and conducting parameter estimation, we derive its basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] is 1.0065. Then we concentrate on the correlation between time-varying transmission rate of influenza and change pattern of three meteorology indices for the first time. The results novelly show that there exists a synchronization phenomenon between the transmission rate and variation pattern of average atmospheric pressure and that there is an anti-synchronism phenomenon between that of the average temperature. Whereas it only shows a normal phase difference with the variation pattern of relative humidity. Finally we advocate emphasis on the effect of variation trend of meteorology on influenza prediction.
Sounding Robots: Design and Evaluation of Auditory Displays for Unintentional Human-robot Interaction
Authors: Orthmann Bastian , Leite Iolanda , Bresin Roberto , Torre Ilaria
Published: August 2023

Non-verbal communication is important in HRI, particularly when humans and robots do not need to actively engage in a task together, but rather they co-exist in a shared space. Robots might still need to communicate states such as urgency or availability, and where they intend to go, to avoid collisions and disruptions. Sounds could be used to communicate such states and intentions in an intuitive and non-disruptive way. Here, we propose a multi-layer classification system for displaying various robot information simultaneously via sound. We first conceptualise which robot features could be displayed (robot size, speed, availability for interaction, urgency, and directionality); we then map them to a set of audio parameters. The designed sounds were then evaluated in five online studies, where people listened to the sounds and were asked to identify the associated robot features. The sounds were generally understood as intended by participants, especially when they were evaluated one feature at a time, and partially when they were evaluated two features simultaneously. The results of these evaluations suggest that sounds can be successfully used to communicate robot states and intended actions implicitly and intuitively.
Supporting Social Inclusion with DIY-ATs: Perspectives of Kenyan Caregivers of Children with Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Hamidi Foad , Kidane Tsion , Owuor Patrick Mbullo , Hynie Michaela , Baljko Melanie
Published: August 2023

Do-It-Yourself assistive technologies (DIY-ATs) that can be designed, fabricated, or customized by non-technical individuals can enable people with disabilities and their community members to create and customize their own technological solutions. DIY-ATs may better fit user needs than mass-produced alternatives. Recently, researchers have started to explore the possibilities and challenges of using DIY-ATs in contexts other than the Global North, where access to digital ATs is limited. Previous research has not yet studied the perspectives of caregivers of children with disabilities towards these technologies. We present findings from an interview study with caregivers of children and youth with cognitive disabilities in Western Kenya who used a DIY-AT system as a research probe. Participants described how negative beliefs about people with disabilities result in social exclusion and discrimination and explained how increased opportunities for social interaction and learning mediated through DIY and other customizable ATs for their children could support their inclusion, safety, and access to future opportunities.
VibWall
: Smartphone’s Vibration Challenge-response for Wall Crack Detection
Authors: Sun Wei
Published: August 2023

As the building ages, the wall structure may become deteriorated (e.g., wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion) due to the variation of the environment (i.e., temperature and humidity). Moreover, these wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion will affect the living comfort and coziness. As such, the wall health diagnostic becomes crucial for the safety and comfort of modern buildings. However, the existing wall health detection techniques (e.g., UWB radars, acoustic sensing, and sensor embedding techniques) are high-cost, not ubiquitous, and not robust to the variation of the environment.

In this article, we propose
VibWall
, a system that can use the smartphone’s sensors (i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope, and vibrator) to detect the wall’s structural health. Specifically, the wall cracks can be detected for living safety, comfort, and coziness. Our key idea is that the smartphone’s vibration is absorbed, reflected, and propagated disparately based on the physical structure of the wall. To be specific, we employ a novel challenge-response scheme, where the challenge is a sequence of heterogeneous vibration patterns from the smartphone’s vibrator, and the responses to these vibrations are sensed by the smartphone’s gyroscope and accelerometer sensors. Then, the machine learning-based classifier (e.g., random forest classifier) will be used to discriminate between the healthy wall and the wall with cracks, discontinuities, or corrosion based on these responses. Our experimental results show good performance on the wall’s structural health detection with the wall specimen and real-world walls.
Early Tracheostomy May Reduce the Length of Hospital Stay
Authors: Morakami Fernanda Kazmierski , Mezzaroba Ana Luiza , Larangeira Alexandre Sanches , Queiroz Cardoso Lucienne Tibery , Marçal Camillo Carlos Augusto , Carvalho Grion Cintia Magalhães
Published: August 2023

Introduction. There is evidence that prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation has negative consequences for critically ill patients and that performing tracheostomy (TQT) could help to reduce these consequences. The ideal period for performing TQT is still not clear in the literature since few studies have compared clinical aspects between patients undergoing early or late TQT. Objective. To compare the mortality rate, length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, and number of days free of mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing TQT before or after ten days of orotracheal intubation. Methods. A retrospective cohort study carried out by collecting data from patients admitted to an intensive care unit between January 2008 and December 2017. Patients who underwent TQT were divided into an early TQT group (i.e., time to TQT ≤ 10 days) or late TQT (i.e., time to TQT > 10 days) and the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results. Patients in the early TQT group had a shorter ICU stay than the late TQT group (19 ± 16 vs. 32 ± 22 days, p < 0.001), a shorter stay in the hospital (42 ± 32 vs. 52 ± 50 days, p < 0.001), a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (17 ± 14 vs. 30 ± 18 days, p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of survivors in the ICU outcome (57% vs. 46%, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Tracheostomy performed within 10 days of mechanical ventilation provides several benefits to the patient and should be considered by the multidisciplinary team as a part of their clinical practice.
Evolutionary Game of Value Synergy in Industrial Chain: In the Context of “Chain Chief System”
Authors: Zhang Zhengang , Lu Yushu , Luo Taiye
Published: August 2023

The “chain chief system” is an institutional innovation that can enhance the responsibility of the industrial chain. Currently, various provinces and cities in China are adopting it to reap the benefits of resource combination. Traditional industrial synergy emphasizes “scale orientation,” and research on industrial policy, involving government administrative power, needs to be thoroughly discussed from the perspectives of government behavior and industry characteristics. This study utilizes the evolutionary game method to analyze the behavioral strategies of the government, leading enterprises, and other enterprises in the industrial chain under different conditions based on the perspective of value synergy. Relevant parameters of revenue and cost are modified for numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that the evolutionary stability strategy is influenced by various factors such as the government’s due diligence, subsidies, proportions allocated to different enterprises, benefits and costs, and industrial characteristics. Furthermore, the government can appropriately increase subsidies to leading enterprises and penalties for inaction, reduce barriers to data and scene sharing among enterprises in the industry, and lower industry concentration. These measures are more conducive to establish a “chain chief system” value synergy ecology in which all members actively participate.
Formación sindical: ¿cómo y para qué?
Authors: Atzeni Mauricio
Published: August 2023

La creación y el desarrollo de espacios de difusión cultural vinculados a las experiencias de trabajo y de vida de los trabajadores ha representado una instancia históricamente fundamental en el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones sindicales y de la clase trabajadora a nivel mundial. Continuar leyendo...
Abstract A009: Therapeutic targeting of P2 × 4 receptor and mitochondrial metabolism in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Orsi Sabrina , Rupert Christopher , Pili Roberto , De Nigris Filomena
Published: August 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer. Large scale metabolomic data have associated metabolic alterations with the pathogenesis and progression of renal carcinoma and have correlated mitochondrial activity with poor survival in a subset of patients. Our data suggest that oxo-phosphorylation is the main source of tumor-derived ATP in ccRCC expressing P2XR4, which exerts a critical impact on tumor energy metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Seahorse experiments showed that P2XR4 inhibition by 5-BDBD, a potent selective antagonist, caused a rapid dose-dependent reduction of mitochondrial activity and lysosome damage. Moreover, prolonged mitochondrial failure induced by 5-BDBD or P2XR4 silencing was associated with increased oxygen radical species, changes in mitochondrial permeability (i.e. opening of the transition pore complex, dissipation of membrane potential and calcium overload), and cell death via both necrosis and apoptosis. P2XR4 pharmacological inhibition was associated with a significant anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo, as shown in ccRCC cell lines, patient-derived organoids and in murine xenografts. Interestingly, higher mitochondrial activity was associated with greater sensitivity to P2XR4 inhibition. Overall, our results suggest that the perturbed balance between lysosomal integrity and mitochondrial activity induced by P2XR4 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic strategy for a subset of renal carcinoma patients.

Citation Format: Sabrina Orsi, Christopher Rupert, Roberto Pili, Filomena De Nigris. Therapeutic targeting of P2 × 4 receptor and mitochondrial metabolism in clear cell renal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Kidney Cancer Research; 2023 Jun 24-27; Austin, Texas. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A009.
Abstract B033: Targeting acquired resistance to HIF2α inhibition in kidney cancer
Authors: Zhao Fangzhou , Simon Jeremy , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2023

Recently, a HIF-2α inhibitor MK-6482 was developed and approved by FDA to treat certain patients with VHL disease-associated RCC. However, in preclinical studies, both intrinsic and adaptive resistance to this drug was reported, which highlights the necessity of uncovering the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and developing alternative treatments for HIF-2α inhibitor-resistant patients. To this end, we established several 786-O cell lines that are resistant to PT2399 (analog of MK-6482) treatment. To characterize the differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines, we performed RNA sequencing, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) and CUT&RUN sequencing experiments. Through integrative analyses of all sequencing data, we identified a series of candidate genes which might contribute to the acquirement of drug resistance for further validation. We identified 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) as one of the candidate genes exhibiting both significant upregulation in RNA level and dramatically increased chromatin accessibility in the promoter region in resistant lines comparing to sensitive lines. We further validated the upregulation of OAS2 mRNA level as well as protein level in all resistant clones by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. OAS2 belongs to 2-5A synthetase family, which is involved in the activation of latent RNase L and degradation of viral RNA during innate immune response to viral infection. Interestingly, the other 3 members in this protein family, OAS1, OAS3 and OASL, are also significantly upregulated at RNA level in resistant cell lines, although the upregulation of chromatin accessibility is modest. Furthermore, OAS2, along with the other 3 family members, all show increased expression levels in ccRCC tumor tissues comparing to normal tissues. Therefore, we hypothesize that OAS2 protein promotes ccRCC cell proliferation under HIF-2α inhibitor treatment, thus contributing to the adaptive resistance to HIF-2α inhibitor. We will test this hypothesis through a series of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, while continuing to investigate other candidate genes.

Citation Format: Fangzhou Zhao, Jeremy Simon, Qing Zhang. Targeting acquired resistance to HIF2α inhibition in kidney cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Kidney Cancer Research; 2023 Jun 24-27; Austin, Texas. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B033.