bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malaria risk stratification in Colombia 2010 to 2019
Authors: Padilla-Rodríguez Julio Cesar , Olivera Mario J. , Ahumada-Franco Martha Liliana , Paredes-Medina Andrea Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Background

Heterogeneity and focalization are the most common epidemiological characteristics of endemic countries in the Americas, where malaria transmission is moderate and low. During malaria elimination, the first step is to perform a risk stratification exercise to prioritize interventions. This study aimed to identify malaria risk strata in the ecoepidemiological regions of Colombia.

Methods

This was a descriptive and retrospective study using cumulative malaria cases in 1,122 municipalities of Colombia from 2010 to 2019. To identify the strata, the criteria proposed by PAHO were adapted. To classify the receptive areas (strata 2, 3, and 4) and nonreceptive areas (stratum 1), 1,600 m above sea level, ecotypes, main malaria vector presence, Plasmodium species prevalence and occurrence of malaria cases were used. The area occupied by the receptive municipalities, the cumulative burden, and the at-risk population in the regions were calculated.

Results

Ninety-one percent of the Colombian territory is receptive to the transmission of malaria and includes 749 municipalities with 9,734,271 (9,514,243–9,954,299) million at-risk inhabitants. Stratum 4 accounted for 96.7% of the malaria burden, and cases were concentrated primarily in the Pacific and Uraba-Bajo Cauca-Sinu-San Jorge regions. Plasmodium vivax predominates in most of the receptive municipalities, except in the municipalities of the Pacific region, where P. falciparum predominates. Anopheles albimanus, An. nuneztovari s.l., and An. darlingi were the main vectors in receptive areas.

Conclusions

In Colombia, 91.2% of the territory is receptive to the transmission of malaria and is characterized by being both heterogeneous and focused. Stratum 4 contains the greatest burden of disease, with a relatively greater proportion of municipalities with a predominance of P. vivax. However, there is a low proportion of municipalities with P. falciparum mainly in the Pacific region. These findings suggest that the latter be prioritized within the malaria elimination plan in Colombia.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients in Korea
Authors: Hwang Younghui , Kim Misook , Min Kyoungok
Published: March 2021

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of kidney transplant recipients is an outcome evaluation after kidney transplants. Therefore, we investigated the associations among perceived health status, social support, self-determination, post-traumatic growth, and kidney transplant recipients’ HRQOL. This study involved a descriptive, self-report survey of 163 kidney transplant recipients visiting an outpatient solid organ transplant center in South Korea. Participants’ general and transplant characteristics, perceived health status, post-traumatic growth, social support, self-determination, and HRQOL were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using the software SPSS version 25.0. HRQOL showed statistically significant positive correlation with perceived health status (r = .56, p < .001), post-traumatic growth (r = .18, p = .022), social support (r = .25, p = .002), and self-determination (r = .36, p < .001). The factors affecting HRQOL were perceived health status (β = 0.47, p < 0.001), post-transplant occupation (β = 0.17, p = 0.009), and income source (β = -0.13, p = 0.046). The explanatory power of these variables was 34.8% (F = 28.81, p < 0.001). In the subdomains of HRQOL, the factors influencing HRQOL of mental component summary were perceived health status (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), self-determination (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), and education level (β = 0.18, p = 0.006). The explanatory power of these variables was 34.8% (F = 28.81, p < 0.001). To promote the HRQOL of kidney transplant recipients, an institutional system to assist kidney transplant recipients in returning to work needs to be developed. Additionally, creating an environment that allows kidney transplant recipients to act with self-determination, and developing intervention programs that can enhance self-determination will contribute to enhancing the HRQOL of kidney transplant recipients.
Short-term upper limb immobilization and the embodied view of memory: A pilot study
Authors: Villatte Jérémy , Taconnat Laurence , Bidet-Ildei Christel , Toussaint Lucette
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to explore the contribution of the manual sensorimotor system to the memory of graspable objects. Participants in the experimental group underwent a short-term upper limb immobilization design to decrease arousal to their dominant hand. Such designs are known to elicit updating of sensorimotor representations and to hardened use of implicit motor simulation, a process that occurs when observing graspable objects. Subsequently, a free recall and a recognition task of graspable and non-graspable objects took place. We found slower recognition for graspable than for non-graspable objects in the control group, while no differences appeared for the immobilized group. Moreover, the recognition latency for graspable objects tended to be slower for the control than for the immobilized group. These results suggest that a time demanding reactivation of motor simulation is elicited when a graspable object is correctly recognized by control participants. The effect of immobilization could prevent this reactivation, leading to faster recognition. Hence, immobilization selectively affects graspable object memory, showing a close relationship with the manual sphere of the sensorimotor system. We suggest that recognition accuracy would probably be affected in cases of stronger disruption of sensorimotor arousal.
Prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factor at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A generalized linear mixed model
Authors: Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
Published: March 2021

Background

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity, and mortality, as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. Though studies were conducted to assess the magnitude and associated factors of low birth weight, most of the studies were at a single center and little information on the regional level. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in Sub-Saharan countries.

Method

This study was based on secondary data sources from 35 Sub-Saharan countries’ Demography and Health Survey (DHS). For this study, we used the Kids Record (KR file) data set. In the KR file, all under-five children who were born in the last five years preceding the survey in the selected enumeration area who had birth weight data were included for the study. To identify determinants of low birth weight multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression model fitted. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable model were used to declare significant factors associated with low birth weight at birth.

Result

The pooled prevalence of newborn babies’ low birth weight measured at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa was 9.76% with (95% CI: 9.63% to 9.89%). Female child, women not participated in healthcare decision making, and wider birth intervals, divorced/ separated women, and twin pregnancies associated with increased occurrences of low birth weight, while some level of woman and husband education, antenatal care visits, older maternal age, and multiparity associated with reduced occurrence low birth weight.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the magnitude of low birth weight was high in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Therefore, the finding suggests that more emphasis is important for women with a lack of support, multiples, and healthcare decision-making problems.
Isolation, molecular characterization and phylogeny of Naegleria species in water bodies of North-Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunarathna Nuwan , Amarasinghe Anjalie , Wijesundara Sunil , Iddawela Devika , Wickramasinghe Susiji
Published: March 2021

Background

The inland freshwater bodies in the North-Western Province of Sri Lanka have ideal environmental conditions for the Naegleria species. Therefore, the presence and prevalence of Naegleria species in the water bodies of North-Western Province were determined by molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis in this study.

Methods

A total of 104 water bodies were selected from Kurunegala and Puttalam districts in the North-Western Province of Sri Lanka. Mean turbidity, pH, and temperature were recorded in each water body from three selected site. Centrifuged samples were cultured on non-nutrient agar plates with Escherichia coli. Enflagellation test positive isolates were subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction using genus and species-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and Mp2CL5 gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.

Results

The prevalence of Naegleria species and N. fowleri in the study area were 23.07% and 1.92%. The prevalence of Naegleria species and the physicochemical parameters of the water bodies showed no significant correlation. Bayesian analysis of the ITS region revealed the Naegleria Sri Lankan (SL) isolates 1, 3, and 4 in a single clade separated from the 2 and 5. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis identified isolates 2 and 5 in the same clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. Philippinensis forming a sister clade. However, in the ML tree, all isolates were in the same clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. Philippinensis.

Conclusions

The present study reports the first isolation of pathogenic N. fowleri from Sri Lanka. Based on Bayesian analysis, SL isolates 2 and 5 form a separate clade from 1, 3, and 4. However, in ML analysis, all isolates are grouped in one clade with Naegleria sp. samples and N. philippinensis. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.
Incidence, household transmission, and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort
Authors: Gomaa Mokhtar R. , El Rifay Amira S. , Shehata Mahmoud , Kandeil Ahmed , Nabil Kamel Mina , Marouf Mohamed A. , GabAllah Mohamed , El Taweel Ahmed , Kayed Ahmed E. , Kutkat Omnia , Moatasim Yassmin , Mahmoud Sara H. , Abo Shama Noura M. , El Sayes Mohamed , Mostafa Ahmed , El-Shesheny Rabeh , McKenzie Pamela P. , Webby Richard J. , Kayali Ghazi , Ali Mohamed A.
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted in closed settings to people in contact with COVID-19 patients such as healthcare workers and household contacts. However, household person-to-person transmission studies are limited. Households participating in an ongoing cohort study of influenza incidence and prevalence in rural Egypt were followed. Baseline enrollment was done from August 2015 to March 2017. The study protocol was amended in April 2020 to allow COVID-19 incidence and seroprevalence studies. A total of 290 households including 1598 participants were enrolled and followed from April to October 2020 in four study sites. When a participant showed respiratory illness symptoms, a serum sample and a nasal and an oropharyngeal swab were obtained. Swabs were tested by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. If positive, the subject was followed and swabs collected on days three, six, nine, and 14 after the first swab day and a serum sample obtained on day 14. All subjects residing with the index case were swabbed following the same sampling schedule. Sera were collected from cohort participants in October 2020 to assess seroprevalence. Swabs were tested by RT-PCR. Sera were tested by Microneutralization Assay to measure the neutralizing antibody titer. Incidence of COVID-19, household secondary attack rate, and seroprevalence in the cohort were determined. The incidence of COVID-19 was 6.9% and the household secondary attack rate was 89.8%. Transmission within households occurred within two-days of confirming the index case. Infections were asymptomatic or mild with symptoms resolving within 10 days. The majority developed a neutralizing antibody titer by day 14 post onset. The overall seroprevalence among cohort participants was 34.8%. These results suggest that within-household transmission is high in Egypt. Asymptomatic or mild illness is common. Most infections seroconvert and have a durable neutralizing antibody titer.
Jane Austen, Shakespeare és Harry Potter nyomában – turisztikai interakciók és élmények az örökség-, képernyős-, és irodalmi turizmus területén
Authors: Tóth Tímea Zsófia
Published: March 2021

Recenzió Sheela Agarwal és Gareth Shaw Heritage, Screen and Literary Tourism c. könyvéről (Channel View Publications, 2017)
Fordulópontnál, vagy csak így tovább?! A magyarországi rádiózás piacának elemzése
Authors: Nyirő Nóra
Published: March 2021

A hazai rádiózás hivatalos születésnapja 1925. december 1., s közismert, hogy egy nagy jelentőségű eseményhez, a Telefonhírmondó Rt. stúdiójának felavatásához kötődik. Minden bizonnyal a most mögöttünk hagyott két év, a 2008–2009. évek jó néhány napja is bevonul majd a magyar rádiótörténetbe ilyen vagy olyan okokból. 2008. december 1. például a technológiai korszakváltás jelképévé válhat, hisz ezen a napon indultak el az adások az Antenna Hungária Zrt. digitális platformján, az analóg földfelszíni műsorszórás tervezett digitálisra váltásának első lépéseként. A piacot illetően 2009. november 19-e a nevezetes dátum, e nappal ugyanis – ha nem is önszántából – elhagyta az étert a két piacvezető országos kereskedelmi rádió, a Sláger és a Danubius, s frekvenciáikon immár két új szereplő, a Class és a Neo szól, s emellett a két új rádió a digitális platformon is elérhető. A rengeteg eseményt hozó két évben, csak úgy a felszín alatt, egy alapkérdés is kezdett megfogalmazódni, tudniillik az, hogy hová is tart a rádiózás abban a formájában, ahogy korábban megismertük és eddig ismertük, hogy ebben a formában van-e jövője, vagy már életciklusa vége felé jár. A tanulmány egyrészt pillanatképként rögzíti a magyar rádiózás piacán a 2009. év végére kialakult helyzetet, másrészt kitekint a még belátható jövőbe, tárgyalva a várható technológiai fejleményeket, és az előbbitől persze nem függetlenül, a fogyasztói döntéseket.
Brake systems: a mind of their own
Authors: Ellims Michael
Published: March 2021

Brake systems fitted to current production vehicles are not the relativity straightforward hydraulic systems that many people expect. Rather they have evolved into complex systems which are on their own deliberately capable of affecting the behaviour of a vehicle. Crucially they depend on computers, software and electronic sensors to allow them to form a model of how the vehicle is expected to behave on the road and how it is actually behaving. Like any artefact they can, and do fail. This paper provides a high-level overview of the braking systems currently in place, how these systems act and present some examples of how they have failed in practice.

Index words: vehicles; vehicle electronics; electronic control; software; brake systems; failure modes
Individualized Polygenic Risk Score Identifies NASH in the Eastern Asia Region: A Derivation and Validation Study
Authors: Gao Feng , Zheng Kenneth I. , Chen Sui-Dan , Lee Dong Hyeon , Wu Xi-Xi , Wang Xiao-Dong , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Chen Yong-Ping , Kim Won , Zheng Ming-Hua
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Strong evidence indicates that multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram, incorporating both genetic and clinical factors, for predicting NASH.

METHODS:

A total of 1,070 Asian individuals with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from 2 countries (China and South Korea) were recruited. The histological spectrum of NAFLD was classified according to the NASH clinical research network scoring system. The nomogram was developed in the Chinese training set (n = 402), and then, it was validated in both the Chinese internal validation set (n = 136) and the external Korean validation cohort (n = 532), respectively.

RESULTS:

Sex, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, and PNPLA3 (rs738409) and HSD17B13 (rs72613567) genetic variants were strongly associated with NASH. Based on their regression coefficients, we developed a nomogram with good discriminatory ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.85) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.794) for identifying NASH. In the 2 validation cohorts, the nomogram showed high area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (internal validation set: 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.88; external validation cohort: 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.80) and good calibration.

DISCUSSION:

Our newly developed and externally validated nomogram, incorporating both genetic and clinical risk factors, may be conveniently used to predict NASH. Further validation studies in other ethnic groups are warranted to confirm its diagnostic utility to identify NASH, among patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.
EFFECTS OF DESIGN PARAMETERS ON STATIC EQUIVALENT STRESS OF RADIAL ROLLING BEARINGS
Authors: Bozca Mehmet
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to theoretically investigate the effects of design parameters on the static equivalent stress of radial rolling bearings, such as the point contact case for ball bearings and line contact case for roller bearings. The contact pressure, contact area and von Misses stress of bearings are calculated based on geometrical parameters, material parameters and loading parameters by using the developed MATLAB program. To achieve this aim, both the maximum contact pressure pmax and Von Mises effective stress σVM are simulated with respect to design parameters such as varying ball and roller element diameters and varying ball and roller element elasticity modulus. For the point contact case and line contact case, it was concluded that increasing the diameter of ball and roller elements results in reducing the maximum contact pressure pmax Furthermore, increasing the elasticity modulus of the ball and roller elements results in increasing the maximum contact pressure σVM. Furthermore, increasing the elasticity modulus of the ball and roller element results in increasing the maximum contact pressure pmax and Von Mises effective stress σVM because of the decrease of contact area A. The determination of the diameter of the ball and roller elements and the selection of material are crucial and play an effective role during the design process. Therefore, bearing designers and manufacturers should make the bearing geometrical dimensions as large as possible and bearing material as elastic as possible. Furthermore, the stress-based static failure theory can also be used instead of the standard static load carrying capacity calculation. Moreover, Von Mises stress theory is also compatible with the finite element method.
AABFJ Moving Towards History Papers
Authors: Smark Ciorstan , Mir Monir
Published: March 2021

Editorial
Undergraduate Forensic Accounting Education in Indonesia: Initiating a Re-Invention
Authors: Prabowo Hendi Yogi
Published: March 2021

The following paper describes a new direction in developing undergraduate forensic accounting education in Indonesia. This paper explores multiple aspects of the development of undergraduate forensic accounting education at the Accounting Program of the Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) through a descriptive qualitative approach. The competence-based approach used by the Accounting Program of UII is a recent innovation in undergraduate forensic accounting education in the country. It involves restructuring the curriculum to match the profession's expectations and is implemented in conjunction with a collaboration with the national forensic audit certification body. The program seeks to develop undergraduate students’ theoretical and practical knowledge in forensic audit by integrating a nationally recognized competence certification scheme into the existing curriculum, an approach that other universities in the country have never used.
Factors Influencing Retail Investors’ Trading Behaviour in the Thai Stock Market
Authors: Paisarn Wilaiporn , Chancharat Nongnit , Chancharat Surachai
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates trading behaviour among Thai retail investors in 2016. Using detailed survey data from 491 investors, we examine the characteristics and behavioural patterns that lead to investor bias. Empirical results in the behavioural finance literature indicate that retail investors may not behave reasonably. Behavioural biases may influence investor decisions and affect financial markets. These studies, however, are limited to subsamples of the overall investor groups studied and mainly focus on developed markets. We find that biases are common among investors and that men are more overconfident than women. Moreover, we discover that investors with more experience in trading are less likely to hold their stocks for long periods of time. Further, investors aged 45 and younger hold more diversified portfolios. Another finding is that participants with an income of more than 50,000 Baht a month and/or who employ a number of brokers hold more diversified portfolios. This evidence is consistent with the findings that have been reported for Turkey, India, and Vietnam, indicating that demographic factors are useful for distinguishing between investors in terms of the level of overconfidence bias they exhibit. This result confirms that demographic factors play a role in differentiating and classifying retail investors and should motivate future researchers to consider these factors in their research.
Meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad
Authors: Badenes-Ribera Laura , Rubio-Aparicio María , Sánchez-Meca Julio
Published: March 2021

Un meta-análisis de generalización de confiabilidad (MA GF) es un método para integrar estadísticamente las estimaciones de fiabilidad obtenidas en diferentes aplicaciones de un test. El MA GF permite a los investigadores caracterizar la fiabilidad promedio de las puntuaciones obtenida en un test en múltiples estudios y situaciones y estimar el grado de variabilidad en los coeficientes de fiabilidad en diferentes tipos de medidas, muestras y contextos. Por lo tanto, sus resultados permiten ofrecer pautas a los investigadores y profesionales aplicados sobre qué escalas son más fiables para evaluar un constructo y en qué circunstancias. Así pues, los investigadores y profesionales necesitan saber qué son los MA GF, cómo se hacen y, lo que es más importante, cómo podemos hacer valoraciones críticas de ellos. El propósito de este artículo es presentar los MA GF, así como una guía orientativa sobre cómo hacer una lectura crítica de ellos. Para ello, un reciente MA GF es utilizado para ilustrar las guías propuestas. Finalmente, presentamos algunas observaciones finales.
Cuando las pesadillas son un problema. Un estudio de caso.
Authors: Lago Romaguera María Nieves , Perelló del Río Miguel , Pozo López Ángel
Published: March 2021

El siguiente trabajo expone la aplicación de la Terapia de Exposición, Relajación y Reescritura de la pesadilla (ERRT) en un caso de una joven de 25 años con un diagnóstico previo de Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad. Tras la evaluación se llegó al diagnóstico de un trastorno por pesadillas subagudo moderado y un trastorno de ritmo circadiano de sueño-vigilia secundario, de fases retrasadas episódico y caracterizado por dos tipos de pesadillas recurrentes. La intervención se dividió en cuatro sesiones semanales y cinco sesiones de seguimiento. Los resultados de este caso muestran que aplicar los componentes de la ERRT desarrollada por Davis (2009) sobre pesadillas idiopáticas es eficaz. La cliente únicamente experimentó en una ocasión la pesadilla tras la intervención y, además, estos exitosos resultados se generalizaron de una pesadilla a otra. Por tanto, se ha demostrado que reescribir la pesadilla basándose en los temas de vulnerabilidad es eficaz tanto en pesadillas idiopáticas como traumáticas.
Interaction between Information Law and Competition Law: Organizing Regulatory Perspectives on Platform Businesses
Authors: Hirayama Kentaro , Arai Koki
Published: March 2021

This study attempts to organize the regulatory perspective on the interaction between information law and competition law, especially for platform businesses. An online platform is an entity that mediates multiple groups of users, such as providers and users of products, services, and information, and has an indirect network effect as a two-sided market. The study illustrates the actions taken by online platforms, indicates attendant problems, and suggests responses to these. Four aspects of the competition policy issues related to online platforms are analyzed and discussed: data collection, data enclosure, data acquisition, and algorithmic transparency. The study considers essential online platform issues, such as promoting competition policy and fairness in information law application, to expand the discussion. Although fairness is important, there is a risk that the analysis of the effects of reducing competition is neglected and that interpreting fairness might increase the concern regarding over-execution. Having disaggregated the elements of fairness, the study suggests the need to establish specific standards.
Entry Deterrence and Free Riding in License Auctions: Incumbent Heterogeneity and Monotonicity
Authors: Ju Biung-Ghi , Yoo Seung Han
Published: March 2021

We examine free riding for entry deterrence in license auctions with heterogeneous incumbents. We establish the monotonicity of randomized preemptive bidding equilibria: an incumbent with a higher entry-loss rate has greater free-riding incentive, choosing a lower deterring probability. We then identify conditions for the existence of a series of fully or partially participating equilibria such that two or more incumbents with bounded heterogeneity in their entry-loss rates participate in randomized preemptive bidding. As an application, we examine a simple case of a bipartite group of participating incumbents consisting of one “leader” and many “followers”. We show that the policy of limiting the leader’s participation (set-asides for entrants, limiting participation of incumbents with excessive market shares, etc.) may or may not increase entry probability.
Assessing encapsulation of curcumin in cocoliposome: In vitro study
Authors: Hudiyanti Dwi , Al Khafiz Muhammad Fuad , Anam Khairul , Siahaan Parsaoran , Suyati Linda
Published: March 2021

Curcumin has been known and used in the medical and industrial world. One way to improve its stability, bioavailability and its medical applications is using encapsulation method. In this research, we studied cocoliposome (coconut liposome) as the encapsulation material. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), release rate (RR), as well as the free radical scavenging activity, measured by inhibition ratio (IR), of curcumin in encapsulation product were studied on varying cholesterol compositions and in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4) conditions. We found that curcumin encapsulation in cocoliposome (CCL) formulation was influenced by cholesterol composition and pH conditions. The EE, LC and free radical scavenging activity diminished under both the SIF and SGF conditions when the cholesterol concentration enhanced. However, the RR increased as the cholesterol intensified. The condition to acquire the most favorable encapsulation parameter values was at 10% cholesterol composition. Furthermore, the IR results at 10% cholesterol concentration of CCL was 67.70 and 82.13% in SGF and SIF milieu, respectively. The CCL formulation thrived better under SIF conditions for free radical scavenging activities.
The Numerical Range of C*
ψ Cφ
and Cφ C*
ψ
Authors: Clifford John , Dabkowski Michael , Wiggins Alan
Published: March 2021

In this paper we investigate the numerical range of C*
bφ
m Caφ
n
and Caφ
n C*
bφ
m
on the Hardy space where φ is an inner function fixing the origin and a and b are points in the open unit disc. In the case when |a| = |b| = 1 we characterize the numerical range of these operators by constructing lacunary polynomials of unit norm whose image under the quadratic form incrementally foliate the numerical range. In the case when a and b are small we show numerical range of both operators is equal to the numerical range of the operator restricted to a 3-dimensional subspace.
The dual of the space of bounded operators on a Banach space
Authors: Botelho Fernanda , Fleming Richard J.
Published: March 2021

Given Banach spaces X and Y, we ask about the dual space of the 𝒧(X, Y). This paper surveys results on tensor products of Banach spaces with the main objective of describing the dual of spaces of bounded operators. In several cases and under a variety of assumptions on X and Y, the answer can best be given as the projective tensor product of X
** and Y
*.
The tight approximation property
Authors: Benoist Olivier , Wittenberg Olivier
Published: March 2021

This article introduces and studies the tight approximation property, a property of algebraic varieties defined over the function field of a complex or real curve that refines the weak approximation property (and the known cohomological obstructions to it) by incorporating an approximation condition in the Euclidean topology. We prove that the tight approximation property is a stable birational invariant, is compatible with fibrations, and satisfies descent under torsors of linear algebraic groups. Its validity for a number of rationally connected varieties follows. Some concrete consequences are: smooth loops in the real locus of a smooth compactification of a real linear algebraic group, or in a smooth cubic hypersurface of dimension≥2{\geq 2}, can be approximated by rational algebraic curves; homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic groups over the function field of a real curve satisfy weak approximation.
Equality in the Bogomolov–Miyaoka–Yau inequality in the non-general type case
Authors: Hao Feng , Schreieder Stefan
Published: March 2021

We classify all minimal models X of dimension n, Kodaira dimension

n
-
1

{n-1}

and with vanishing Chern number

c
1

n
-
2

⁢

c
2

⁢

(
X
)

=
0

{c_{1}^{n-2}c_{2}(X)=0}

.
This solves a problem of Kollár.
Completing previous work of Kollár and Grassi, we also show that there is a universal constant

ϵ
>
0

{\epsilon>0}

such that any minimal threefold satisfies either

c
1

⁢

c
2

=
0

{c_{1}c_{2}=0}

or

-

c
1

⁢

c
2

>
ϵ

{-c_{1}c_{2}>\epsilon}

.
This settles completely a conjecture of Kollár.
Designing Combinations of Physical and Digital Manipulatives to Develop Students’ Visualisation
Authors: Vágová Renáta
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on two main objectives. The first, to describe and characterise instrumental approach involving artefact and instrument differentiation, instrumental genesis and orchestration along with the instrument-mediated activity model. The second, to present and discuss one of five cube cross-section lessons designed and carried out in our mixed methods research project. Altogether, a paper workbook, dynamic applets and 3D prints form a five-set toolkit, each corresponding to one of the five designed lessons. The main research idea was to explore how digital and physical manipulatives could be integrated into solid geometry lessons to support the development of students’ visualisation. In this paper, Lesson 2 will be described in detail, which, like the others, has been particularly influenced by the instrumental approach. Its individual attributes will be depicted according to the personally adapted activity model.
Soziale Ungleichheit und quartiersbezogene politische Partizipation
Authors: Kersting Norbert , Jähn Steffen
Published: March 2021

Wahlen, Referenden, aber auch neue deliberative Beteiligungsinstrumente scheinen nur in begrenzter Maße beteiligungsferne, marginalisierte Bevölkerungsgruppen miteinzubeziehen. Die sozioökonomische Spaltung der Gesellschaft bewirkt eine partizipative Spaltung. Das Forschungsprojekt verändert die Perspektive und untersucht individuelle Erfolgsgeschichten. Wann gelingt es marginalisierte Gruppen (prekäre Beschäftigung, Altersarmut, Migration, alleinerziehende Frauen) zu integrieren? Der Fokus der Analyse lag auf informellen Nachbarschaftsorganisationen, die besondere Angebote im Stadtteil machen. Niedrigschwellige Zugänge, stigmatisierungs- und diskriminierungsfreie Kontexte waren aufseiten der Beteiligungsorganisation relevant und förderlich. Auf der Seite der marginalisierten Individuen zeigten sich neben einer weniger prekären Ressourcenausstattung (Zeit und einer gruppenspezifischen Gemeinwohlorientierung auch Faktoren wie besondere Sozialisationserfahrungen förderlich und motivierend.
Die Corona-Krise trifft die USA: Gespaltene Gesellschaft, angeschlagene Wirtschaft und Politik ohne Kompass
Authors: Dethlefsen Knut
Published: March 2021

Die USA sind von der globalen Covid-19-Pandemie von allen hoch entwickelten Industriestaaten am härtesten getroffen worden. Dabei ist in der Pandemie offensichtlich geworden, dass der Exzeptionalismus der USA vor allem darin besteht, mit der Krise vollkommen überfordert zu sein. Das betraf sowohl die politische Führung auf nationaler Ebene als auch die Gesellschaft.

Donald Trump und sein Rechtspopulismus amerikanischer Prägung haben im Angesicht der Pandemie komplett versagt. Unklare Zuständigkeiten, fehlende Koordinierung der Staaten und lokalen Behörden, Entscheidungsunfähigkeit, Verkennen der Realität, Nepotismus und sowohl wechselnde wie auch sich widersprechende Politikansätze führten dazu, dass die Pandemie in den USA außer Kontrolle geriet.

Das Virus traf auf eine polarisierte Gesellschaft und auf eine bestehende Skepsis vieler US-Amerikaner*innen gegenüber Wissenschaft und Expert*innen. Beide Voraussetzungen formten die amerikanische Antwort auf die Pandemie, die wie in keiner anderen Gesellschaft zum Politikum wurde. Donald Trump schürte die politische Polarisierung im Umgang mit der Krise und profitierte von ihr, aber es reichte nicht, um die Wiederwahl zu gewinnen.

Insgesamt hat die Corona-Pandemie wie ein Katalysator auf die US-Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft gewirkt und bestehende Tendenzen beschleunigt sowie Strukturen verstärkt. Die unzureichende Absicherung der Lebensrisiken, die Unzulänglichkeiten des Gesundheitssystems, der schwache Sozialstaat und die Spaltung der US-Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft anhand der Hautfarbe führten dazu, dass die Pandemie vor allem für nicht-weiße Amerikaner*innen und Frauen verheerende gesundheitliche und wirtschaftliche Folgen hatte. Selbst die teilweise beobachtbare Erholung der Wirtschaft ist ungleich verteilt. Auch deshalb hat die Corona-Pandemie die sozialen Proteste wie Black Lives Matter in den gesellschaftlichen und politischen Fokus gerückt.

Joe Biden und Kamala Harris werden ihre Ämter im Angesicht ungelöster Krisen und riesiger Herausforderungen antreten. Gleichzeitig hat die Biden-Harris-Administration die seltene Chance, entscheidende Weichen zu stellen und die strukturellen Veränderungen des Landes mitzugestalten, die die Corona-Krise aufgezeigt und beschleunigt hat. Dazu gehören an erster Stelle die Wiederherstellung des Vertrauens in staatliches Handeln und die Forderung an eine bessere Absicherung der Lebensrisiken für alle Teile der Gesellschaft. An beiden werden Joe Biden und Kamala Harris gemessen werden.
Trump Messiah
Authors: Leggewie Claus
Published: March 2021

Donald Trumps Chancen, 2020 im Amt bestätigt zu werden, verdankten sich seiner männlich-weißen und religiösen Unterstützerbasis. Kommentatoren haben schon 2016 gefragt, warum ausgerechnet besonders Glaubenseifrige sich auf die Seite eines Mannes schlugen, der dann auch als Amtsinhaber gegen alles verstieß, was ihnen heilig sein müsste – ein notorischer Blasphemiker, Ehebrecher, Lügner und Meister desdirty talk, vor dem man seinen Kindern besser die Ohren verschließt? Die Antwort lautet kurz und bündig: Weil sie sich mehrheitlich eher als Weiße denn als Fromme fühlen und der Anteil weißer Evangelikaler an der Gesamtbevölkerung schrumpft. Weil sie um ihre Vorherrschaft in Amerika fürchten, umjubeln sie einen Politiker, der vor allem versprochen und einiges dazu getan hat, liberale Errungenschaften wie die Abtreibungsregelung der 1970er Jahre zu Fall zu bringen und die seinerzeit ausgelösten Kulturkämpfe zu ihren Gunsten zu wenden.
Rethinking agency in language and society
Authors: Wee Lionel
Published: March 2021

The notion of agency is typically understood as stemming from the goals and desires of human actors. This is an assumption that has been taken on board in the study of language in society as well. In this article, I point out the problems with this assumption as well as another: the tendency to downplay if not dismiss the roles of non-human entities. I argue that these points about agency carry serious implications for the study of language in society. It is undeniable that various technological advancements ranging from relatively simple computer programs to highly developed artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly involved in our use of language for communication. These are cases where the human element is increasingly distant from the use of language for communicative purposes. They pose conceptual challenges for the study of language in society and require a willingness to rethink the nature of agency.
Decolonising sociolinguistics research: methodological turn-around next?
Authors: Ndhlovu Finex
Published: March 2021

This short article argues that notwithstanding theoretical advances that have sought to unsettle the hegemony of mainstream theoretical frameworks, language in society researchers and other social science scholarly communities from the Southern orbit of the globe, continue to be wedded to conventional Euro-modernist methodologies. I suggest that the need to delink from imperial logics of doing research is a must and not an option. We need a language to explore spaces and modes of being that do not exist in the spaces of current Euro-modernist frameworks but that do exist in the majority of other communities around the world. In advancing this line of argument, I join ongoing conversations among indigenous and decolonial scholars speaking from the margins of the mainstream on the need for epistemic reconstitution of the discourse and praxis of research.
For an international journal in transnational times
Authors: Park Joseph Sung-Yul
Published: March 2021

Academic journals are a site of tension between the perspective of the transnational and international – between an emphasis on the agency and creativity of linguistic practice that transcends boundaries of nations and languages and a focus on the enduring relations of colonial capitalism that impose bounded and hierarchized order upon our social and linguistic life. Being an international journal in transnational times comes with the challenge of having to facilitate transnational flows of knowledge without reifying the oppressive structure of the political economy of knowledge production. The International Journal of the Sociology of Language’s response to this challenge may lie in its commitment to solidarity and collaboration, where it serves as a ground for resisting the pressures of academic capitalism and for collectively seeking an agenda for research which dismantle hierarchies and boundaries that sustain and rationalize inequalities.
Reviewing and the politics of voice: peoples in the Arab world “name” their struggles “revolutions” and not the “Arab Spring”
Authors: Abdelhay Ashraf , Severo Cristine , Makoni Sinfree
Published: March 2021

Reviewing is an act of power and not a mere act of applying shared academic standards of rigor. As such, it is inevitably implicated in the cultural politics of “naming”. In this paper we animate this taken-for-granted statement in the context of naming the sociopolitical struggles against dictatorial regimes in the Arab world. Since the end of 2010, the Arab world has witnessed a relatively organized series of protests and the peoples have named them “revolutions”. Western cultural political discourse has renamed these (trans)locally constituted struggles the “Arab Spring”. If we take sociolinguistics seriously as the “study of language in use”, we should consider the peoples in the Arab world as “subjects” of their own definitions, rather than as “objects” of Western constructions. We contend that reviewers, as gatekeepers, are implicated in the politics of voice when they uncritically accept the use of Western inventions as the “only” appropriate way of naming the world, and in so doing they effectively subvert the revolutionary interests in the Arab world.
Language and globalization revisited: Life from the periphery in COVID-19
Authors: Dong Jie
Published: March 2021

This short paper discusses language and globalization in the context of COVID-19. The pandemic has important impacts on people across the globe, and in particular the absence of face-to-face interaction results in new forms of communication and may lead to new ways of language change. This paper revisits sociolinguistics and globalization, and discusses challenges brought about by COVID-19 and its containment measures. The pandemic generates particularly discourses, especially from those who are affected the most. This paper includes a vignette of such discourses to show that mobility and inequality remain key issues in the current stage of globalization.
Raciolinguistic genealogy as method in the sociology of language
Authors: Flores Nelson
Published: March 2021

This commentary proposes raciolinguistic genealogy as a methodological approach to the sociology of language. It briefly defines three components of this approach: 1) a genealogical stance; 2) a materialist framing of racism; and 3) a raciolinguistic perspective. It offers the case of bilingual education in the United States as an illustration of the affordances of raciolinguistic genealogy in moving the field forward.
Epistemicide, deficit language ideology, and (de)coloniality in language education policy
Authors: Phyak Prem
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how research approaches and methods in language education policy could serve to erase local multilingualism and its associated epistemologies while reproducing inequalities of languages. This paper builds on “epistemicide” (Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2014.Epistemologies of the South: Justice against epistemicide. New York: Routledge) to critique how the knowledge constructed on the basis of the evidence collected by using research questions in binary/conflictual terms misrepresents the real experiences and voices of multilingual participants, particularly those from language-minoritized communities. This paper argues that advancing research and building educational practices upon the lived experiences of the people, particularly Indigenous and ethnic minorities, could help us resist the destruction of languages, epistemologies, and linguistic/epistemic self-determination of communities. I use the case of Nepal not only because I am familiar with its historical, sociopolitical, and cultural contexts (so I can provide an insider’s reflective perspective), but also because Nepal’s case offers new insights into understanding language ideological issues in the discourses of language education policies from the vantage point of “peripheral multilingualism” (Pietikäinen, Sari & Helen Kelly-Holmes. 2013.Multilingualism and the periphery. Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Academic knowledge production and prefigurative politics
Authors: Lorente Beatriz P.
Published: March 2021

Inequality is the pervasive structural characteristic of academic knowledge production. To dismantle this inequality, the challenge raised by prefigurative politics which is based on an ethos of congruence between means and ends must be taken up by the International Journal of the Sociology of Language. The IJSL’s peer review process, its academic conventions and its access model can potentially be spaces for concrete practices that prefigure parity in academic knowledge production.
Effects of date seeds administration on anxiety and depressive symptoms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: biochemical and behavioral evidences
Authors: Bikri Samir , Aboussaleh Youssef , Berrani Assia , Louragli Ismail , Hafid Affaf , Chakib Soukaina , Ahami Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Several epidemiological data indicate that chronic hyperglycemia is associated with behavioral changes such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Date seeds, one of the most potent products with potential antioxidant activities and possess many benefits against hyperglycemia and its complication. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential effect of date seeds extract on biochemical and behavioral changes (anxiety and depression) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats.

Methods

Rats were divided into four groups as follows: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with the lyophilized aqueous extract of the date seed (2,000 mg/kg) (LAE-DS) and diabetics treated with insulin (4 UI/day). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). After 24 days treatment period, anxiety and depressive behaviors were evaluated using four behavioral tests. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected to evaluate lipid parameters. In addition, rat organs (kidney, liver and brain) were dissected out in order to estimate lipid peroxidation levels as oxidative stress marker.

Results

Oral administration of the lyophilized aqueous extract of date seeds and insulin injection for 30 days significantly decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats and protected them against undesirable changes in lipid parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis index. Compared to untreated diabetic rat, a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in kidney, liver and brain (Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were observed after treatment with insulin or LAE-DS in diabetic rats. Furthermore, insulin and LAE-DS administration prevented anxiety-related behaviors in STZ-diabetic rats.

Conclusions

Therefore, it would be possible to combine this extract with insulin and use it as an antioxidant supplement for type 1 diabetic patients.
Subtitling Calligraphy
Authors: Nornes Markus
Published: March 2021

This essay examines a regional, not global, dimension of Chinese cinema: the Chinese character in its brushed form. Calligraphy and cinema have an intimate relationship in East Asia. Indeed, the ubiquity of the brushed word in cinema is one element that actually ties works in Korean, Japanese and Sinophone Asia together as a regional cinema. At the same time, I will explore the very specific difference of Chinese filmmakers’ use of written language. On first glance, cinema and calligraphy would appear as radically different art forms. On second glance, they present themselves as sister arts. Both are art forms built from records of the human body moving in (an absent) time and space. The essay ends with a consideration of subtitling, upon which Chinese cinema’s global dimension is predicated. How does investigating this very problem lead us to rethinking the nature of the cinematic subtitle, which is very much alive―a truly movable type?