bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CHANGING NATURE OF TRANSACTIONS ACTIVITY AND LIQUIDITY IN UK COMMERCIAL PROPERTY
Authors: JONES Colin , LIVINGSTONE Nicola , DUNSE Neil
Published: December 2016

This paper examines changing transactions activity and liquidity over thirty years in the UK. It reviews the multi-dimensional concept of liquidity analysis and demonstrates that it is not just a function of the time necessary to sell an asset, a typical real estate perspective. Instead liquidity is defined in terms of transactions activity. The paper then hypothesises that urban change and an increased information base has contributed to a more active management of real estate portfolios and increased liquidity. Superimposed on this long term trend it is also hypothesised that property cycles create rise and falls in liquidity. The empirical core quantifies the changing nature of liquidity and transactions activity over thirty years from 1981 based on the IPD database. It confirms the hypothesised substantial rise in liquidity but increasing variability in the level of transactions activity from one year to the next queries the cyclical liquidity hypothesis. This is supported by causality tests. Over the last two decades a short term opportunity driven real estate investment culture appears to have emerged stimulated by the increased churn of properties, partly the consequence of the pace of urban change. It has brought greater volatility to the commercial real estate market.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PLANNING PROCESS IN MUNICIPALITIES AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN LATVIA
Authors: Ņitavska Natalija , Zigmunde Daiga , Markova Madara , Īle Una
Published: December 2016

This article deals with the implementation stages and approaches of the trilateral cooperation “university – student – local government” as well as the benefits and limiting aspects in a real territory planning context. The research summarises the evaluation of the Latvia University of Agriculture (LUA) landscape architecture studies experience in cooperation with 41 municipal and national organisations and 4 unions from Latvia since 2013. Key findings point to the following benefits: the university as a provider of study process obtains a better insight into the topical problems and issues regarding the territorial/territory planning, it has an opportunity to promote the study programmes and the work quality of the future specialists; the greatest benefit for the students is that they can be better prepared for a real work in their chosen profession and they gain experience in real project work which later will be reflected in their CVs; the gain for the local governments is that they have a scientific substantiation for making more appropriate decisions with regard to the further development of the territory, and they have more variants of ideas for a specific territorial development. Restricting factor is time which is determined by the study courses.
THE TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF CORNER BUILDINGS AT STREET JUNCTIONS
Authors: Herriott Richard
Published: December 2016

As in furniture and product design, the handling of features such as junctions of street facades is a matter worthy of consideration. The article considers the role of the corner and corner buildings in the architectural relations of the street. It examines the role of corners in the urban structure and the reasons why they are no longer much used. A typology of corner building arrangements is proposed. Referring to affordance, legibility and Weber᾽s (1995) psychological approach to perceived architectural space, the paper discusses the value of clearly articulated corner constructions using selected examples. The dominant modes of building in the post-WWII period tend towards two extremes: high rise/high density and low rise/low density, both often characterised by disconnected building masses. Both modes reject the well-developed formats generally used up to the 1920s. These relied on moderate density, moderate height and conjoined buildings to create clearly defined, legible streets characteristic of an integrated urban fabric. This paper argues that certain morphologies make for better corner designs leading to more understandable street layouts. It also argues that quantitative recommendations in planning guidance are insufficient to ensure desirable outcomes in street design.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE HISTORICAL TERRITORY UNDER THE IMPACT OF THE URBAN LOAD. JELGAVA EXAMPLE
Authors: Ziemeļniece Aija
Published: December 2016

One of the most important issues in Latvia after gaining independence, as in all post-socialism countries, is the assessment and further development of the economic potential and the related urban space structure. The socio-economic preconditions of planning of the urban construction environment and the architectural spatial transformation are associated with the building reconstruction and regeneration. Today, an integral part of the transformation of inhabited areas is also building renovation and injection of landscape elements in the mechanical structures of the development plans of the Soviet times. These measures ensure a harmonious balanced living space and corresponding living conditions for residents (Treija et al. 2010).
The transformation process of the image of the architecturally spatial environment of inhabited areas is dynamic in its nature. This process is affected by socio-economic and engineering opportunities, as well as the peculiarities of the artistically aesthetic perception of the corresponding period. The image of the urban space has a very strong spiritual aura, which arises a series of thoughts, associations, views and emotions (Ziemeļniece 2010). The main task of the compositional image of the urban environment is to generate positive feelings in the population or in each traveler who visits the particular settlement. The Latvian historical localities – cities, manor ensembles, farmstead groups – over the centuries have been created as grid structures, where the social and economic activities overlap, according to the settlement function, scale and reachability (Briņķis, Buka 2006).
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES USING NSGA-II ALGORITHM
Authors: Babaei Mehdi , Mollayi Masoud
Published: December 2016

In recent decades, the use of genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of structures has been highly attractive in the study of concrete and steel structures aiming at weight optimization. However, it has been challenging for multi-objective optimization to determine the trade-off between objective functions and to obtain the Pareto-front for reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures. Among different methods introduced for multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithms, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) is one of the most popular algorithms. In this paper, multi-objective optimization of RC moment resisting frame structures considering two objective functions of cost and displacement are introduced and examined. Three design models are optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm. Evaluation of optimal solutions and the algorithm process are discussed in details. Sections of beams and columns are considered as design variables and the specifications of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) are employed as the design constraints. Pareto-fronts for the objective space have been obtained for RC frame models of four, eight and twelve floors. The results indicate smooth Pareto-fronts and prove the speed and accuracy of the method.
SOCIAL CREATIVITY AND PHENOMENON OF SUCCESS IN POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Authors: STOLETOV Anatoliy
Published: December 2016

The article deals with the problem of mutual relations between the social creativity and the substance of success. This problem is analyzed with reference of contemporary conceptions of social reality which unite objective and subjective aspects of the society and make accent on the complex and dynamic its character. Such approach leads to idea that success means capability to change social space and time. The success creates a new point of attraction not only by success itself but also by future possibility. The success in postindustrial society obtains the symbolic form more than material. The direction of the social mobility in case of success may be not only vertical. These transformations are the process of social creativity.
ON THE RADIAL VELOCITY DETECTION OF ADDITIONAL PLANETS IN TRANSITING, SLOWLY ROTATING M-DWARF SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF GJ 1132
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Doyon René , Menou Kristen , Delfosse Xavier , Dumusque Xavier , Artigau Étienne
Published: December 2016

M-dwarfs are known to commonly host high-multiplicity planetary systems. Therefore, M-dwarf planetary systems with a known transiting planet are expected to contain additional small planets (r

p
 ≤ 4 R
⊕, m

p
≲ 20 M
⊕) that are not seen in transit. In this study, we investigate the effort required to detect such planets using precision velocimetry around the sizable subset of M-dwarfs that are slowly rotating (P
rot ≳ 40 days), and hence more likely to be inactive. We focus on the test case of GJ 1132. Specifically, we perform a suite of Monte-Carlo simulations of the star’s radial velocity signal, featuring astrophysical contributions from stellar jitter due to rotationally modulated active regions, as well as Keplerian signals from the known transiting planet and hypothetical additional planets not seen in transit. We then compute the detection completeness of non-transiting planets around GJ 1132 and consequently estimate the number of RV measurements required to detect those planets. We show that, with 1 m s−1 precision per measurement, only ∼50 measurements are required to achieve a 50% detection completeness for all non-transiting planets in the system, as well as planets that are potentially habitable. Throughout this work, we advocate the use of Gaussian process regression as an effective tool for mitigating the effects of stellar jitter including stars with high activity. Given that GJ 1132 is representative of a large population of slowly rotating M-dwarfs, we conclude with a discussion of how our results may be extended to other systems with known transiting planets, such as those that will be discovered with TESS.
RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL OF DUST ATTENUATION CURVES IN CLUMPY, GALACTIC ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Seon Kwang-Il , Draine Bruce T.
Published: December 2016

The attenuation of starlight by dust in galactic environments is investigated through models of radiative transfer in a spherical, clumpy interstellar medium (ISM). We show that the attenuation curves are primarily determined by the wavelength dependence of absorption rather than by the underlying extinction (absorption+scattering) curve; the observationally derived attenuation curves cannot constrain a unique extinction curve unless the absorption or scattering efficiency is specified. Attenuation curves consistent with the “Calzetti curve” are found by assuming the silicate-carbonaceous dust model for the Milky Way (MW), but with the 2175 Å bump suppressed or absent. The discrepancy between our results and previous work that claimed the Small Magellanic Cloud dust to be the origin of the Calzetti curve is ascribed to the difference in adopted albedos; we use the theoretically calculated albedos, whereas the previous works adopted albedos derived empirically from observations of reflection nebulae. It is found that the attenuation curves calculated with the MW dust model are well represented by a modified Calzetti curve with a varying slope and UV bump strength. The strong correlation between the slope and UV bump strength, as found in star-forming galaxies at

, is well reproduced when the abundance of the UV bump carriers is assumed to be 30%–40% of that of the MW dust; radiative transfer effects lead to shallower attenuation curves with weaker UV bumps as the ISM is more clumpy and dustier. We also argue that some local starburst galaxies have a UV bump in their attenuation curves, albeit very weak.
THE FRAGMENTATION AND STABILITY OF HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE IN SERPENS SOUTH
Authors: Friesen R. K. , Bourke T. L. , Francesco J. Di , Gutermuth R. , Myers P. C.
Published: December 2016

Filamentary structures are ubiquitous in molecular clouds, and have been recently argued to play an important role in regulating the size and mass of embedded clumps through fragmentation and mass accretion. Here, we reveal the dynamical state and fragmentation of filamentary molecular gas associated with the Serpens South protocluster through analysis of wide (

) observations of NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions with the Green Bank Telescope. Detailed modeling of the NH3 lines reveals that the kinematics of the cluster and surrounding filaments are complex. We identify hierarchical structure using a dendrogram analysis of the NH3 emission. The distance between neighbor structures that are embedded within the same parent structure is generally greater than expected from a spherical Jeans analysis, and is in better agreement with cylindrical fragmentation models. The NH3 line width-size relation is flat, and average gas motions are sub- or trans-sonic over all physical scales observed. Subsonic regions extend far beyond the typical 0.1 pc scale previously identified in star-forming cores. As a result, we find a strong trend of decreasing virial parameter with increasing structure mass in Serpens South. Extremely low virial parameters on the largest scales probed by our data suggest that the previously observed, ordered magnetic field is insufficient to support the region against collapse, in agreement with large radial infall motions previously measured toward some of the filaments. A more complex magnetic field configuration in the dense gas, however, may be able to support the filaments.
VERY LONG-PERIOD PULSATIONS BEFORE THE ONSET OF SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Tan Baolin , Yu Zhiqiang , Huang Jing , Tan Chengming , Zhang Yin
Published: December 2016

Solar flares are the most powerful explosions occurring in the solar system, which may lead to disastrous space weather events and impact various aspects of our Earth. It remains a big challenge in modern astrophysics to understand the origin of solar flares and predict their onset. Based on the analysis of soft X-ray emission observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, this work reports a new discovery of very long-periodic pulsations occurring in the preflare phase before the onset of solar flares (preflare-VLPs). These pulsations typically have periods of 8–30 min and last for about 1–2 hr. They are possibly generated from LRC oscillations of plasma loops where electric current dominates the physical process during magnetic energy accumulation in the source region. Preflare-VLPs provide essential information for understanding the triggering mechanism and origin of solar flares, and may be a convenient precursory indicator to help us respond to solar explosions and the corresponding disastrous space weather events.
REVISITING EVIDENCE OF CHAOS IN X-RAY LIGHT CURVES: THE CASE OF GRS 1915+105
Authors: Mannattil Manu , Gupta Himanshu , Chakraborty Sagar
Published: December 2016

Nonlinear time series analysis has been widely used to search for signatures of low-dimensional chaos in light curves emanating from astrophysical bodies. A particularly popular example is the microquasar GRS 1915+105, whose irregular but systematic X-ray variability has been well studied using data acquired by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. With a view to building simpler models of X-ray variability, attempts have been made to classify the light curves of GRS 1915+105 as chaotic or stochastic. Contrary to some of the earlier suggestions, after careful analysis, we find no evidence for chaos or determinism in any of the GRS 1915+105 classes. The dearth of long and stationary data sets representing all the different variability classes of GRS 1915+105 makes it a poor candidate for analysis using nonlinear time series techniques. We conclude that either very exhaustive data analysis with sufficiently long and stationary light curves should be performed, keeping all the pitfalls of nonlinear time series analysis in mind, or alternative schemes of classifying the light curves should be adopted. The generic limitations of the techniques that we point out in the context of GRS 1915+105 affect all similar investigations of light curves from other astrophysical sources.
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A HIGH-ORDER ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM FOR THE 1 m NEW VACUUM SOLAR TELESCOPE AT FUXIAN SOLAR OBSERVATORY
Authors: Rao Changhui , Zhu Lei , Rao Xuejun , Zhang Lanqiang , Bao Hua , Kong Lin , Guo Youming , Zhong Libo , Ma Xue’an , Li Mei , Wang Cheng , Zhang Xiaojun , Fan Xinlong , Chen Donghong , Feng Zhongyi , Gu Naiting , Liu Yangyi
Published: December 2016

A high-order solar adaptive optics (AO) system including a fine tracking loop and a high-order wavefront correction loop has been installed at the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope of the Fuxian Solar Observatory, in routine operation since 2016. The high-order wavefront correction loop consists of a deformable mirror with 151 actuators, a correlating Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with 102 subapertures of which the Absolute Difference Square Algorithm is used to extract the gradients, and a custom-built real-time controller based on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and multi-core Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The frame rate of the wavefront sensor is up to 3500 Hz and this is, to our knowledge, the fastest solar AO system. This AO system can work with a Fried parameter r
0, at the 500 nm wavelength, of larger than 3 cm. The first 65 modes of the Zernike aberrations can be efficiently corrected and the Strehl ratio of the corrected TiO image for the solar pore is superior to 0.75 with the Fried parameter r
0 larger than 10 cm. In this paper, the design of the system is described, and high-resolution solar observational images are presented. Furthermore, the performances of the AO system are evaluated according to the data recorded by the real-time controller.
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME
Authors: Zackrisson Erik , Calissendorff Per , González Juan , Benson Andrew , Johansen Anders , Janson Markus
Published: December 2016

The study of cosmology, galaxy formation, and exoplanets has now advanced to a stage where a cosmic inventory of terrestrial planets (TPs) may be attempted. By coupling semianalytic models of galaxy formation to a recipe that relates the occurrence of planets to the mass and metallicity of their host stars, we trace the population of TPs around both solar-mass (FGK type) and lower-mass (M dwarf) stars throughout all of cosmic history. We find that the mean age of TPs in the local universe is

for FGK hosts and

for M dwarfs. We estimate that hot Jupiters have depleted the population of TPs around FGK stars by no more than

, and that only

of the TPs at the current epoch are orbiting stars in a metallicity range for which such planets have yet to be confirmed. The typical TP in the local universe is located in a spheroid-dominated galaxy with a total stellar mass comparable to that of the Milky Way. When looking at the inventory of planets throughout the whole observable universe, we argue for a total of

and

TPs around FGK and M stars, respectively. Due to light travel time effects, the TPs on our past light cone exhibit a mean age of just 1.7 ± 0.2 Gyr. These results are discussed in the context of cosmic habitability, the Copernican principle, and searches for extraterrestrial intelligence at cosmological distances.
THE INTERACTION OF TURBULENCE WITH PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS AT 1 au
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Hunana P. , Hu Q.
Published: December 2016

Shocks are thought to be responsible for the amplification of turbulence as well as for generating turbulence throughout the heliosphere. We study the interaction of turbulence with parallel and perpendicular shock waves using the six-coupled-equation turbulence transport model of Zank et al. We model a 1D stationary shock wave using a hyperbolic tangent function and the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for both a reduced model with four coupled equations and the full model. Eight quasi-parallel and five quasi-perpendicular events in the WIND spacecraft data sets are identified, and we compute the fluctuating magnetic and kinetic energy, the energy in forward and backward propagating modes, the total turbulent energy, the normalized residual energy, and the normalized cross helicity upstream and downstream of the observed shocks. We compare the observed fitted values upstream and downstream of the shock with numerical solutions to our model equations. The comparison shows that our theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with observations for both quasi-parallel and perpendicular shocks. We find that (1) the total turbulent energy, the energy in forward and backward propagating modes, and the normalized residual energy increase across the shock, (2) the normalized cross helicity increases or decreases across the shock, and (3) the correlation length increases upstream and downstream of the shock, and slightly flattens or decreases across the shock.
DETERMINING PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FROM TEST PARTICLE SIMULATIONS
Authors: Ivascenko Alex , Lange Sebastian , Spanier Felix , Vainio Rami
Published: December 2016

The transport and acceleration of charged particles in turbulent media are topics of great interest in space physics and interstellar astrophysics. These processes are dominated by the scattering of particles off magnetic irregularities. The scattering process itself is usually described by small-angle scattering, with the pitch-angle coefficient

playing a major role. Since the diffusion coefficient

can be determined analytically only for the approximation of quasilinear theory, the determination of this coefficient from numerical simulations has become more important. So far these simulations have yielded particle tracks for small-scale scattering, which can then be interpreted using the running diffusion coefficients. This method has a limited range of validity. This paper presents two new methods that allow for the calculation of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient from numerical simulations. These methods no longer analyze particle trajectories and instead examine the change of particle distribution functions. It is shown that these methods provide better resolved results and allow for the analysis of strong turbulence. The application of these methods to Monte Carlo simulations of particle scattering and hybrid MHD-particle simulations is presented. Both analysis methods are able to recover the diffusion coefficients used as input for the Monte Carlo simulations and provide better results in MHD simulations, especially for stronger turbulence.
SYSTEMATIC NON-LTE STUDY OF THE −2.6 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.2 F AND G DWARFS IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. II. ABUNDANCE PATTERNS FROM Li TO Eu*
Authors: Zhao G. , Mashonkina L. , Yan H. L. , Alexeeva S. , Kobayashi C. , Pakhomov Yu. , Shi J. R. , Sitnova T. , Tan K. F. , Zhang H. W. , Zhang J. B. , Zhou Z. M. , Bolte M. , Chen Y. Q. , Li X. , Liu F. , Zhai M.
Published: December 2016

For the first time, we present an extensive study of stars with individual non-LTE (NLTE) abundances for 17 chemical elements from Li to Eu in a sample of stars uniformly distributed over the −2.62 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.24 metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. The star sample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thick disks and halo. We find new results and improve earlier ones as follows: (i) the element-to-iron ratios for Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti form a metal-poor (MP) plateau at a similar height of 0.3 dex, and the knee occurs at common [Fe/H] ≃ −0.8. The knee at the same metallicity is observed for [O/Fe], and the MP plateau is formed at [O/Fe] = 0.61. (ii) The upward trend of [C/O] with decreasing metallicity exists at [Fe/H] < −1.2, supporting the earlier finding of Akerman et al. (iii) An underabundance of Na relative to Mg in the [Fe/H] < −1 stars is nearly constant, with the mean [Na/ Mg] ≃ −0.5. (iv) The K/Sc, Ca/Sc, and Ti/Sc ratios form well-defined trends, suggesting a common site of the K–Ti production. (v) Sr follows the Fe abundance down to [Fe/H] ≃ −2.5, while Zr is enhanced in MP stars. (vi) The comparisons of our results with some widely used Galactic evolution models are given. The use of the NLTE element abundances gives increased credit to the interpretation of the data in the context of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy.
Risk of cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases undergoing biologic treatment: a real matter?
Authors: Mencarini J. , Spinicci M. , Bartalesi F.
Published: December 2016

The use of biological agents has grown exponentially in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), often achieving a good control of disease progression and improving patients’ quality of life. However, their use resulted in an increased risk of adverse events, including reactivation of chronic/latent infectious diseases. As for the risk of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, very few data are available. We reviewed the literature reporting cases of CMV infection in IMID patients during biological therapy. Although the risk of CMV reactivation cannot be excluded, we concluded that there is no evidence to warrant CMV screening before starting a biological agent.
A Century of Therapeutic Use of the Physical Environment
Authors: Marshall Amy , Myers Christine , Pierce Doris
Published: December 2016

In this article, we describe the use of the objects and spaces of the physical environment by occupational therapy practitioners in the United States over the profession’s first 100 years. Using professional literature selected by decade from the years 1917 through 2016 to obtain data, we applied grounded theory methods to complete a detailed description. Team-based analysis over four coding schemes yielded a theoretical description of the profession’s therapeutic use of the physical environment. Study findings included descriptions across occupational therapy’s history of (1) treatment spaces, (2) the concepts of adapting and grading, and (3) a typology of constructive and nonconstructive applications of objects and activities by occupational therapy clients and practitioners. This extended historical perspective on trajectories of change in intervention space, the role of physical products in intervention, therapist repertoire, and the enduring role of adaptation suggests how the physical environment may be used in future practice.
Comparison of cavity enhanced optical–feedback laser spectroscopy and gas chromatography for ground-based and airborne measurements of atmospheric CO concentration
Authors: Ventrillard Irène , Xueref-Remy Irène , Schmidt Martina , Yver Kwok Camille , Faïn Xavier , Romanini Daniele
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We present the ﬁrst comparison of carbon monoxide (CO) measurements performed with a portable laser spectrometer that exploits the Optical–Feedback Cavity–Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) technique, against a high performance automated gas chromatograph (GC) with mercuric oxide reduction gas detector. First, measurements of atmospheric CO mole fraction were continuously collected in Paris (France) suburb over one week. Both instruments showed an excellent agreement within typically 2 ppb (part per billion in volume) fulﬁlling the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommendation for CO inter-laboratory comparison. The compact size and robustness of the OF-CEAS instrument allowed its operation aboard a small aircraft employed for routine tropospheric air analysis over the French Orléans forest area. Direct OF-CEAS real–time CO measurements in tropospheric air were then compared with later analysis of ﬂask samples by the gas chromatograph. Again, a very good agreement was observed. This work establishes that the OF-CEAS laser spectrometer can run unattended at a very high level of sensitivity (
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether variations in the northern Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean, during the Holocene
Authors: Park Yu-Hyeon , Yamamoto Masanobu , Polyak Leonid , Nam Seung-Il
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) have become a useful tool in paleoclimate research in ocean environments, but their applications in the Arctic are yet to be developed. GDGTs were analyzed in three sediment cores from the northern/northeastern margin of the Chukchi Sea to test the applicability of GDGT proxies for reconstructing sea surface temperature and sea-ice variability in the Holocene. Interpretation was enabled by an earlier investigation of GDGT composition in surface sediments from the study area. Low GDGT concentrations and high BIT and CBT values in core sediments older than ca. 8 ka probably indicate heavy sea-ice conditions in combination with terrestrial inputs during deglaciation and incomplete sea-level rise. Higher concentrations of isoprenoid GDGTs after ca. 8 ka, consistent with an increase in total organic carbon and some other biogenic proxies, are interpreted to represent increased primary production combined with elevated sedimentation rates. These patterns were likely controlled by sea-ice conditions and variations in Pacific water inflow. Geographic heterogeneity in these processes is indicated by differences in GDGTs distribution patterns between cores across the Chukchi margin. TEX86 and TEX86L indices potentially indicative of sea surface temperatures appear to show millennial-scale variability, but the controls on these fluctuations are yet to be understood.
Quantitative reconstruction of summer precipitation using a mid-Holocene δ13C common millet record from Guanzhong Basin, northern China
Authors: Yang Qing , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhou Xinying , Zhao Keliang , Sun Nan
Published: December 2016

Abstract. To quantitatively reconstruct Holocene precipitation for particular geographical areas, suitable proxies and faithful dating controls are required. The fossilized seeds of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) are found throughout the sedimentary strata of northern China and are suited to the production of quantitative Holocene precipitation reconstructions: their isotopic carbon composition (δ13C) gives a measure of the precipitation required during the growing season of summer (here the interval from mid-June to September) and allows these seeds to be dated. We therefore used a regression function, as part of a systematic study of the δ13C of common millet, to produce a quantitative reconstruction of mid-Holocene summer precipitation in the Guanzhong Basin (107°40′–107°49′ E, 33°39′–34°45′ N). Our results showed that mean summer precipitation at 7.7–3.4 ka BP was 353 mm,  ∼  50 mm or 17 % higher than present levels, and the variability increased, especially after 5.2 ka BP. Maximum mean summer precipitation peaked at 414 mm during the period 6.1–5.5 ka BP,  ∼  109 mm (or 36 %) higher than today, indicating that the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) peaked at this time. This work can provide a new proxy for further research into continuous paleoprecipitation sequences and the variability of summer precipitation, which will promote the further research into the relation between early human activity and environmental change.
Runoff simulation by SWAT model using high-resolution gridded precipitation in the upper Heihe River Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ruan Hongwei , Zou Songbing , Cong Zhentao , Wang Yuhan , Yin Zhenliang , Lu Zhixiang , Li Fang , Xu Baorong
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Precipitation stations are usually scarce and unevenly distributed in inland river basins, which restrict the application of the distributed hydrological model and spatial analysis of water balance component characteristics. This study regards the upper Heihe River Basin as a case, and daily gridded precipitation data with 3 km resolutions based on the spatial interpolation of gauged stations and the regional climate model is used to construct the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). This study aims to validate the superiority of high-resolution gridded precipitation for hydrological simulation in data scarce regions. A scale transformation method is proposed by building virtual stations and calculating the lapse rate to overcome the defects of the SWAT model using traditional precipitation station data. The gridded precipitation is upscale from the grid to the sub-basin scale and results in accurate representation of sub-basin precipitation input data. A satisfactory runoff simulation is achieved, and the spatial variability of the water balance components is analysed. Results show that the precipitation lapse rate ranges from 40 mm/km to 235 mm/km and decreases from the southeastern to the northwestern areas; its changes trend is consistent with precipitation. The SWAT model achieves monthly runoff simulation compared with gauged runoff from 2000 to 2014; the determination coefficients are higher than 0.71, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies are higher than 0.76 and the percent bias are controlled within ±15 %. The meadow and sparse vegetation are the major water yield landscapes, and the elevation band at 3,500 m to 4,500 m is the major water yield area in this basin. Precipitation and evapotranspiration presented a slightly increasing trend, whereas water yield and soil water content presented a slightly decreasing trend. This finding indicates that the high-resolution gridded precipitation data well depicts its spatial heterogeneity, and scale transformation significantly promotes the application of the distributed hydrological model in inland river basins. The spatial variability of water balance components can be quantified to provide references for the integrated assessment and management of basin water resources in data scarce regions.
Regional regression models of percentile flows for the contiguous
US: Expert versus data-driven independent variable selection
Authors: Fouad Geoffrey , Skupin André , Tague Christina L.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Percentile flows are statistics derived from the flow duration curve (FDC) that describe the flow equaled or exceeded for a given percent of time. These statistics provide important information for managing rivers, but are often unavailable since most basins are ungauged. A common approach for predicting percentile flows is to deploy regional regression models based on gauged percentile flows and related independent variables derived from physical and climatic data. The first step of this process identifies groups of basins through a cluster analysis of the independent variables, followed by the development of a regression model for each group. This entire process hinges on the independent variables selected to summarize the physical and climatic state of basins. Distributed physical and climatic datasets now exist for the contiguous United States (US). However, it remains unclear how to best represent these data for the development of regional regression models. The study presented here developed regional regression models for the contiguous US, and evaluated the effect of different approaches for selecting the initial set of independent variables on the predictive performance of the regional regression models. An expert assessment of the dominant controls on the FDC was used to identify a small set of independent variables likely related to percentile flows. A data-driven approach was also applied to evaluate two larger sets of variables that consist of either (1) the averages of data for each basin or (2) both the averages and statistical distribution of basin data distributed in space and time. The small set of variables from the expert assessment of the FDC and two larger sets of variables for the data-driven approach were each applied for a regional regression procedure. Differences in predictive performance were evaluated using 184 validation basins withheld from regression model development. The small set of independent variables selected through expert assessment produced similar, if not better, performance than the two larger sets of variables. A parsimonious set of variables only consisted of mean annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and baseflow index. Additional variables in the two larger sets of variables added little to no predictive information. Regional regression models based on the parsimonious set of variables were developed using 734 calibration basins, and were converted into a tool for predicting 13 percentile flows in the contiguous US. Supplementary Material for this paper includes an R graphical user interface for predicting the percentile flows of basins within the range of conditions used to calibrate the regression models. The equations and performance statistics of the models are also supplied in tabular form.
Brief communication: Impacts of ocean-wave-induced breakup of Antarctic sea ice via thermodynamics in a standalone version of the CICE sea-ice model
Authors: Bennetts Luke G. , O'Farrell Siobhan , Uotila Petteri
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Impacts of wave-induced breakup of Antarctic sea ice on ice concentration and volume are investigated using a modified version of the CICE sea ice model, run in standalone mode from 1979–2010. Model outputs show that breakup reduces ice concentration by up to 0.3–0.4 in a vicinity of the ice edge during the summer, and total ice volume by over 500 km3.
Periodistas pioneras e innovadoras en la historia de la televisión en España: Blanca Álvarez y Lolo Rico
Authors: Gallego Reguera María
Published: December 2016

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la aportación profesional a la historia de la televisión en España de las periodistas Blanca Álvarez y Lolo Rico. Ambas fueron pioneras y realizaron una labor innovadora como creadoras de contenido y directivas, contribuyendo así al desarrollo del recién nacido ente público RTVE. Tras el análisis de sus trayectorias profesionales, se reflejarán los procesos de empoderamiento en un medio, la televisión, y en una profesión, el periodismo, con profundas raíces patriarcales.
Evaluation of fat grains in gothaj sausage using image analysis
Authors: Luňáková Ludmila , Pospiech Matej , Tremlová Bohuslava , Saláková Alena , Javůrková Zdeňka , Kamení­k Josef
Published: December 2016

Fat is an irreplacable ingredient in the production of sausages and it determines the appearance of the resulting cut to a significant extent. When shopping, consumers choose a traditional product mostly according to its appearance, based onwhat they are used to. Chemical analysis is capable to determine the total fat content in the product, but it cannot accurately describe the shape and size of fat grains which the consumer observes when looking at the product. The size of fat grains considered acceptable by consumers can be determined using sensory analysis or image analysis. In recent years, image analysis has become widely used when examining meat and meat products. Compared to the human eye, image analysis using a computer system is highly effective, since a correctly adjusted computer program is able to evaluate results with lower error rate. The most commonly monitored parameter in meat products is the aforementioned fat. The fat is located in the cut surface of the product in the form of dispersed particles which can be fairly reliably identified based on color differences in the individual parts of the product matrix. The size of the fat grains depends on the input raw material used as well as on the production technology. The present article describes the application of image analysis when evaluating fat grains in the appearance of cut of the Gothaj sausage whose sensory requirements are set by Czech legislation, namely by Decree No. 326/2001 Coll., as amended. The paper evaluates the size of fat mosaic grains in Gothaj sausages from different manufacturers. Fat grains were divided into ten size classes according to various size limits; specifically, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 8.0 and over 8 mm. The upper limit of up to 8 mm in diameter was chosen based on the limit for the size of individual fat grains set by the legislation. This upper limit was not exceeded by any of the products. On the other side the mosaic had the hightest representation of 0.25 mm fat grains.
Een ‘punitive turn’ bij de aanpak van financieel-economische criminaliteit?
Authors: Huisman W.
Published: December 2016

Een ‘punitive turn’ bij de aanpak van financieel-economische criminaliteit?

In dit redactioneel wordt betoogd dat er de laatste jaren sprake is van een meer punitieve reactie op financieel-economische criminaliteit. Ingegaan wordt op de achtergronden en gevolgen van deze ontwikkeling.
Civiele vorderingen en transnationale racketeering
Authors: Ryngaert C.M.J.
Published: December 2016

Civiele vorderingen en transnationale racketeering

In RJR Nabisco besliste het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof dat de Europese Unie en haar lidstaten in de VS geen civiele vordering konden indienen op basis van de Amerikaanse racketeeringwetgeving wanneer de schade van racketeering buiten de VS is ingetreden. De redenering van het Hof dat deze uitspraak internationale spanning voorkomt, overtuigt niet, integendeel. Deze uitspraak past in een evolutie waarbij Amerikaanse rechtbanken een steeds isolationistischer houding aannemen tegenover transnationale zaken. Men mag verwachten dat dergelijke zaken, met inbegrip van strafzaken, zich steeds meer zullen verplaatsen naar andere jurisdicties, waaronder de EU en Nederland.
Een extra termijn van de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten voor het indienen van het VR: gunst of niet?
Authors: d’Hooghe B. , IJdema C.J.
Published: December 2016

Een extra termijn van de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten voor het indienen van het VR: gunst of niet?

Bedrijven die onder het zwaarste regime van het nieuwe Besluit risico’s zware ongevallen 2015 (hierna Brzo 2015) vallen, hadden vóór 1 juni 2016 een veiligheidsrapport moeten indienen dat aan de eisen van het Brzo 2015 voldoet. Dat was in de praktijk problematisch omdat inwerkingtreding van de Regeling risico’s zware ongevallen 2015 lang op zich heeft laten wachten en de PGS 6-richtlijn nog niet definitief is aangepast. Om die reden hebben de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten aan bestaande inrichtingen laten weten dat een ‘begunstigingstermijn’ zal worden geboden tot en met 1 januari 2017 om te voldoen aan het Brzo 2015. Wij hebben onderzocht of Brzo-bedrijven op basis van de brief inderdaad langer de tijd mochten nemen om een nieuw veiligheidsrapport in te dienen, of dat zij daardoor op het verkeerde been zijn gezet.
De Wet op de kansspelen
Authors: Sackers H.J.B.
Published: December 2016

De Wet op de kansspelen

Actuele ontwikkelingen op het gebied van rechtspraak en wetgeving inzake de Wet op de kansspelen.
Wwft en het strafrecht
Authors: Rozemeijer J.P. , van der Meulen C.
Published: December 2016

Wwft en het strafrecht

De Wwft-meldplichtigen zijn de poortwachters van het economische stelsel in de strijd tegen witwassen en terrorismefinanciering. Indien die poortwachters zich niet houden aan hun meldplicht van ongebruikelijke transacties of de plicht tot cliëntenonderzoek kunnen zij naast bestuurs- of tuchtrechtelijk ook strafrechtelijk worden vervolgd. In dit artikel een analyse van de toenemende hoeveelheid strafrechtelijke jurisprudentie met betrekking tot Wwft/WED-zaken. In het bijzonder aandacht voor enkele Wwft/WED-specifieke leerstukken, te weten kleurloos opzet, het instellingsbegrip, de ‘ongebruikelijke transactie’, de vervolgingsuitsluitingsgrond, het transactiebegrip en de samengestelde transactie. Dit artikel behandelt tevens de vraag waarom Wwft-feiten strafrechtelijk worden aangepakt.
Literally Speaking
Authors: McCarthy Liam
Published: December 2016

This is a brief overview of the histoy of the word literally. The word literally has been at the heart of a debate between prescriptivist and descriptivist attitudes towards dictionaries and the English language in general so an analysis of the word's history unveils a number of key moments in the word's history that can help or hinder either side's argument. This controversial word's history also interestingly reveals some of the ways that the English language grows and changes over time.
Possessing History and American Innocence: James Baldwin, William F. Buckley, Jr., and the 1965 Cambridge Debate
Authors: McClure Daniel Robert
Published: December 2016

The 1965 debate at Cambridge University between James Baldwin and William F. Buckley,
Jr., posed the question: “Has the American Dream been achieved at the Expense of the
American Negro?” Within the contours of the debate, Baldwin and Buckley wrestled with the
ghosts of settler colonialism and slavery in a nation founded on freedom and equality.
Framing the debate within the longue durée, this essay examines the deep cultural currents
related to the American racial paradox at the height of the Civil Rights movement.
Underscoring the changing language of white resistance against black civil rights, the
essay argues that the Baldwin and Buckley debate anticipated the ways the U.S. would
address racial inequality in the aftermath of the civil rights era and the dawn of
neoliberalism in the 1970s.
Albania and the teaching of religion in schools
Authors: Macioti Maria Immacolata , Musaraj Arta
Published: December 2016

Multiculturalism and the new multi religious social realities are becoming dominant dimensions of today’s world. The huge changes in the social tissue of those societies, which up to now had an established dominant culture and religious affiliation, made them now face more than the effects of migrant flows, which inevitably causes confrontations of cultures and believes. The clash of civilizations, which have been so accurately predicted, took different forms of confrontation by giving floor to extremism into its organized form: an explosion of terrorism. By considering the strong connections between poverty and lack of education as an extremism cradle, many researchers consider the inclusion of the subjects related to the history and culture of religions as a strategy to reduce cultural and religious conflict as well as extremist behavior and the bases of terrorism, by increasing information and knowledge about religion starting from early teen years. Albania, a country known for its religious tolerance, is one of those countries which’ decision makers in education actually share this point of view and is going to start a project by including a module of limited hours of teaching in medium and high school students. The paper makes an analysis of the potential effects this might have considering its application related to the initial purposes of the project, by introducing the case of Italy and its strategy of religious education over the years as a comparative tool in order to analyze and predict the potential outcomes of this intent, by considering the national background of Albania and some specific learning traits and outcomes on such topics related to age and cultural set up.