bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Feeding-Related Peptides on Neuronal Oscillation in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Authors: Iigaya Kamon , Minoura Yoshino , Onimaru Hiroshi , Kotani Sayumi , Izumizaki Masahiko
Published: March 2019

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays an important role in feeding behavior, obesity, and thermoregulation. The VMH contains glucose-sensing neurons, the firing of which depends on the level of extracellular glucose and which are involved in maintaining the blood glucose level via the sympathetic nervous system. The VMH also expresses various receptors of the peptides related to feeding. However, it is not well-understood whether the action of feeding-related peptides mediates the activity of glucose-sensing neurons in the VMH. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding-related peptides on the burst-generating property of the VMH. Superfusion with insulin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, and orexin increased the frequency of the VMH oscillation. In contrast, superfusion with leptin, cholecystokinin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, galanin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y decreased the frequency of the oscillation. Our findings indicated that the frequency changes of VMH oscillation in response to the application of feeding-related peptides showed a tendency similar to changes of sympathetic nerve activity in response to the application of these substances to the brain.
Baroreceptor Sensitivity Predicts Functional Outcome and Complications after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lin Ching-Huang , Yen Cheng-Chung , Hsu Yi-Ting , Chen Hsin-Hung , Cheng Pei-Wen , Tseng Ching-Jiunn , Lo Yuk-Keung , Chan Julie Y.H.
Published: March 2019

Autonomic dysfunctions including impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) can develop after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and may predispose patients to subsequent cardiovascular adverse events and serve as potential indicators of long-term mortality. This study aimed to determine the potential short-term prognostic significance of BRS after AIS. All patients admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital within 72 h after onset of first-ever AIS between April 2008 and December 2012 were enrolled. Autonomic evaluation with continuous 10-minute monitoring of beat-to-beat hemodynamic and intracranial parameters was performed within 1 week after stroke by using the Task Force Monitor and transcranial Doppler. The 176 enrolled AIS patients were divided into high-BRS and low-BRS groups. All but two enrolled patients (who died within 3 months after stroke) attended scheduled follow-ups. The high-BRS group had significantly lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 1 and 2 weeks after stroke and at discharge; lower modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke; and lower rates of complications and stroke recurrence compared to the low-BRS group. This study provides novel evidence of the utility of BRS to independently predict outcomes after AIS. Furthermore, modifying BRS may hold potential in future applications as a novel therapeutic strategy for acute stroke.
Intelligence in Education
Authors: Kanaya Tomoe
Published: March 2019

The articles in this special issue provide an overview of the wide breadth of questions and methodologies that arise when the research devoted to intelligence intersect with the research devoted to U.S. education. The unique contributions of each paper are highlighted and discussed based on their contribution to the literature. The implications of these findings for educational research and policy are briefly discussed.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare-Earth Modified Titania: Influence on Phase Composition, Optical Properties, and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Rozman Nejc , Tobaldi David M. , Cvelbar Uroš , Puliyalil Harinarayanan , Labrincha João A. , Legat Andraž , Sever Škapin Andrijana
Published: March 2019

In order to expand the use of titania indoor as well as to increase its overall performance, narrowing the band gap is one of the possibilities to achieve this. Modifying with rare earths (REs) has been relatively unexplored, especially the modification of rutile with rare earth cations. The aim of this study was to find the influence of the modification of TiO2 with rare earths on its structural, optical, morphological, and photocatalytic properties. Titania was synthesized using TiOSO4 as the source of titanium via hydrothermal synthesis procedure at low temperature (200 °C) and modified with selected rare earth elements, namely, Ce, La, and Gd. Structural properties of samples were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and the phase ratio was calculated using the Rietveld method. Optical properties were analyzed by ultraviolet and visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to determine the morphological properties of samples and to estimate the size of primary crystals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the chemical bonding properties of samples. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalysts as well as the titania available on the market (P25) was measured in three different setups, assessing volatile organic compound (VOC) degradation, NOx abatement, and water purification. It was found out that modification with rare earth elements slows down the transformation of anatase and brookite to rutile. Whereas the unmodified sample was composed of only rutile, La- and Gd-modified samples contained anatase and rutile, and Ce-modified samples consisted of anatase, brookite, and rutile. Modification with rare earth metals has turned out to be detrimental to photocatalytic activity. In all cases, pure TiO2 outperformed the modified samples. Cerium-modified TiO2 was the least active sample, despite having a light absorption tail up to 585 nm wavelength. La- and Gd-modified samples did not show a significant shift in light absorption when compared to the pure TiO2 sample. The reason for the lower activity of modified samples was attributed to a greater Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio and a large amount of hydroxyl oxygen found in pure TiO2. All the modified samples had a smaller Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio and less hydroxyl oxygen.
Development of a New Ecological Magnetic Abrasive Tool for Finishing Bio-Wire Material
Authors: Yin Cheng , Heng Lida , Kim Jeong Su , Kim Min Soo , Mun Sang Don
Published: March 2019

This study proposes a new wire magnetic abrasive finishing (WMAF) process for finishing 316L SUS wire using ecological magnetic abrasive tools. 316L SUS wire is a biomaterial that is generally used in medical applications (e.g., coronary stent, orthodontics, and implantation). In medical applications of this material, a smooth surface is commonly required. Therefore, a new WMAF process using ecological magnetic abrasive tools was developed to improve the surface quality and physical properties of this biomaterial. In this study, the WMAF process of 316L SUS wire is separated into two finishing processes: (i) WMAF with ecological magnetic abrasive tools, and (ii) WMAF with industrial magnetic abrasive tools. The ecological magnetic abrasive tools consist of cuttlefish bone abrasives, olive oil, electrolytic iron powder, and diamond abrasive paste. The finishing characteristics of the two types of abrasive tools were also explored for different input parameters (i.e., vibrating magnetic field and rotating magnetic field). The results show that ecological magnetic abrasive tools can improve the initial surface roughness of 316L SUS wire from 0.23 µm to 0.06 µm. It can be concluded that ecological magnetic abrasive tools can replace industrial magnetic abrasive tools.
Dynamic Characteristics and Failure Mechanism of Vegetated Revetment under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Chen Wei , Jin Ruoyu , Zhu Han , Xu Yidong , Wanatowski Dariusz , He Lili , Guo Qinglin
Published: March 2019

This research is focused on the dynamic behavior and failure mechanisms of an ecologically vegetated bituminous mixture applied in a riverbank revetment model. The dynamic bearing capacity of the vegetated riparian slope was evaluated. The dynamic soil pressure distribution and deformation were analyzed, followed by 3D elastic–plastic finite element modeling. Experimental results showed that the cumulative vertical settlement increased rapidly with the loading time. Vegetation added into bituminous mixtures was found to be effective in inhibiting the development of the vertical displacement of sand. The research described in this paper provides a theoretical basis and guidelines for the protection of riverbank slopes.
Magnesium Filled Polylactic Acid (PLA) Material for Filament Based 3D Printing
Authors: Antoniac Iulian , Popescu Diana , Zapciu Aurelian , Antoniac Aurora , Miculescu Florin , Moldovan Horatiu
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this research is to prove the viability of obtaining magnesium (Mg) filled polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites as filament feedstock for material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM). These materials can be used for medical applications, thus benefiting of all the advantages offered by AM technology in terms of design freedom and product customization. Filaments were produced from two PLA + magnesium + vitamin E (α-tocopherol) compositions and then used for manufacturing test samples and ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) screws on a low-cost 3D printer. Filaments and implant screws were characterized using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectrometry), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. Although the filament manufacturing process could not ensure a uniform distribution of Mg particles within the PLA matrix, a good integration was noticed, probably due to the use of vitamin E as a precursor. The results also show that the composite biomaterials can ensure and maintain implant screws structural integrity during the additive manufacturing process.
p-Topologicalness—A Relative Topologicalness in ⊤-Convergence Spaces
Authors: Li Lingqiang
Published: March 2019

In this paper, p-topologicalness (a relative topologicalness) in ⊤-convergence spaces are studied through two equivalent approaches. One approach generalizes the Fischer’s diagonal condition, the other approach extends the Gähler’s neighborhood condition. Then the relationships between p-topologicalness in ⊤-convergence spaces and p-topologicalness in stratified L-generalized convergence spaces are established. Furthermore, the lower and upper p-topological modifications in ⊤-convergence spaces are also defined and discussed. In particular, it is proved that the lower (resp., upper) p-topological modification behaves reasonably well relative to final (resp., initial) structures.
Snails In Silico: A Review of Computational Studies on the Conopeptides
Authors: Mansbach Rachael A. , Travers Timothy , McMahon Benjamin H. , Fair Jeanne M. , Gnanakaran S.
Published: March 2019

Marine cone snails are carnivorous gastropods that use peptide toxins called conopeptides both as a defense mechanism and as a means to immobilize and kill their prey. These peptide toxins exhibit a large chemical diversity that enables exquisite specificity and potency for target receptor proteins. This diversity arises in terms of variations both in amino acid sequence and length, and in posttranslational modifications, particularly the formation of multiple disulfide linkages. Most of the functionally characterized conopeptides target ion channels of animal nervous systems, which has led to research on their therapeutic applications. Many facets of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the specificity and virulence of conopeptides, however, remain poorly understood. In this review, we will explore the chemical diversity of conopeptides from a computational perspective. First, we discuss current approaches used for classifying conopeptides. Next, we review different computational strategies that have been applied to understanding and predicting their structure and function, from machine learning techniques for predictive classification to docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations for molecular-level understanding. We then review recent novel computational approaches for rapid high-throughput screening and chemical design of conopeptides for particular applications. We close with an assessment of the state of the field, emphasizing important questions for future lines of inquiry.
Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints of AA2024 Using a Novel Refill Technique
Authors: Deng Lipeng , Li Shuhan , Ke Liming , Liu Jinhe , Kang Jidong
Published: March 2019

Keyhole at the end of a conventional friction stir welded (FSW) joint is one of the major concerns in certain applications. To address this issue, a novel keyhole refilling technique was developed for conventional friction stir spot welding (FSSW) using resistance spot welding (RSW). A three-phase secondary rectifier resistance welder was adapted for the refill of the keyhole in the 1.5 mm + 1.5 mm friction stir spot welded 2024-T4 aluminum alloy joint. The microstructure and tensile shear fracture behavior were compared for both the unfilled and refilled specimens. The results show that the plug and keyhole are dominated by solid state welding with some localized zones by fusion welding. The refill process significantly improved the maximum load capacity in tensile shear testing as the corona ring is enlarged leading to a larger bonding area. Moreover, the tensile shear fracture occurs in the refilled FSSW specimens at the corona bonding zone, while the fracture occurs at the hook zone in the unfilled keyhole.
1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone Ameliorates l-DOPA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells
Authors: Park Hyun Jin , Kang Jong Koo , Lee Myung Koo
Published: March 2019

1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ) has previously been found to have effective anti-oxidant and anti-lipid-peroxidative activity. We aimed to elucidate whether HTHQ can prevent dopaminergic neuronal cell death by investigating the effect on l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. HTHQ protected from both l-DOPA-induced cell death and superoxide dismutase activity reduction. When assessing the effect of HTHQ on oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, HTHQ inhibited l-DOPA-induced phosphorylation of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). HTHQ also normalized l-DOPA-reduced Bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad) phosphorylation and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression, promoting cell survival. Taken together, HTHQ exhibits protective effects against l-DOPA-induced cell death through modulation of the ERK1/2-p38MAPK-JNK1/2-Bad-Bax signaling pathway in PC12 cells. These results suggest that HTHQ may show ameliorative effects against oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death, although further studies in animal models of Parkinson’s disease are required to confirm this.
Sweroside Alleviated LPS-Induced Inflammation via SIRT1 Mediating NF-κB and FOXO1 Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Wang Rui , Dong Zhaoyue , Lan Xiaozhong , Liao Zhihua , Chen Min
Published: March 2019

Pterocephalus hookeri was used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Sweroside was a main iridoid isolated from P. hookeri. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect mechanism of sweroside. In RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the abnormal proliferation, the NO content increase, and the downregulated Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression were observed. Sweroside could alleviate the inflammation by inhibiting cell proliferation through arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and by promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Further mechanism research indicated that sweroside could activate the SIRT1, then suppress the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and promote the Forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathways. The present study indicated that sweroside may be the main anti-inflammatory constituent of P. hookeri and a promising candidate for anti-inflammation therapy.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyphyllin VII through Downregulating MAPK and NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Chaoying , Jia Xuejing , Wang Kai , Tu Yanbei , Wang Rongchun , Liu Kechun , Lu Tao , He Chengwei
Published: March 2019

Background: Polyphyllin VII (PP7), a steroidal saponin from Paris polyphylla, has been found to exert strong anticancer activity. Little is known about the anti-inflammatory property of PP7. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity and its underlying mechanisms of PP7 were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in multiple animal models. Methods: The content of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by spectrophotometry. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes was determined by qPCR. The total and phosphorylated protein levels were examined by Western blotting. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by using mouse and zebrafish models. Results: PP7 reduced the production of NO and PGE2 and the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and enzymes (inducible NO synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9]) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Notably, PP7 markedly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice and suppressed LPS and CuSO4-induced inflammation and toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PP7 exerts strong anti-inflammatory activities in multiple in vitro and in vivo models and suggests that PP7 is a potential novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
Multiple Targets of 3-Dehydroxyceanothetric Acid 2-Methyl Ester to Protect Against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Kidney Epithelial LLC-PK1 Cells
Authors: Lee Dahae , Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Won Yung , Kim Chang-Eop , Sung Sang Hyun , Kang Kyo Bin , Kang Ki Sung
Published: March 2019

Chronic exposure to cisplatin, a potent anticancer drug, causes irreversible kidney damage. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of nine lupane- and ceanothane-type triterpenoids isolated from jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Rhamnaceae) on cisplatin-induced damage to kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and apoptosis pathways. Cisplatin-induced LLC-PK1 cell death was most significantly reduced following treatment with 3-dehydroxyceanothetric acid 2-methyl ester (3DC2ME). Additionally, apoptotic cell death was significantly reduced. Expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 was markedly suppressed by 3DC2ME, indicating inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Treatment with 3DC2ME also significantly reduced expression of active caspase-8 and -3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), indicating the inhibition of apoptosis pathways in the kidneys. We also applied the network pharmacological analysis and identified multiple targets of 3DC2ME related to MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis.
One-Pot NBS-Promoted Synthesis of Imidazoles and Thiazoles from Ethylarenes in Water
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhu Huajian , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong
Published: March 2019

A facile and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of imidazoles and thiazoles from ethylarenes in water. The reaction proceeds via in situ formation of α-bromoketone using NBS as a bromine source as well as an oxidant, followed by trapping with suitable nucleophiles to provide the corresponding products in good yields under metal-free conditions.
Effect of the Freeze-Drying Process on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Mexican Kefir Grains
Authors: Conde-Islas Alicia Águeda , Jiménez-Fernández Maribel , Cantú-Lozano Denis , Urrea-García Galo Rafael , Luna-Solano Guadalupe
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the properties of Mexican kefir grains (MKG) are affected by the operating parameters used in the freeze-drying process. The factors investigated were the freezing time (3–9 h), freezing temperature (−20 to −80 °C), pressure (0.2–0.8 mbar), and lyophilization time (5–20 h). The maximum range of change and one-way analysis of variance showed that lyophilization time and freezing time significant affects (p < 0.05) the response variables, residual moisture content and water activity, and pressure had a significant effect on the color difference and survival rate of probiotic microorganisms. The best drying conditions were a freezing time of 3 h, a freezing temperature of −20 °C, a pressure of 0.6 mbar, and a lyophilization time of 15 h. Under these conditions, we obtained a product with residual moisture content below 6%, water activity below 0.2, and survival rates above 8.5 log cfu per gram of lactic acid bacteria and above 8.6 log for yeast.
How Spatial Analysis Can Help Enhance Material Stocks and Flows Analysis?
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Chen Wei-Qiang , Lin Tao , Gao Lijie
Published: March 2019

Spatial information can be integrated into almost all fields of industrial ecology. Many researchers have shown that spatial proximity affects a variety of behaviors and interactions, and thus matters for materials stocks and flows analysis. However, normal tools or models in industrial ecology based on temporal dependence cannot be simply applied to the case of spatial dependence. This paper proposes a framework integrating material stocks and flows analysis with spatial analysis. We argue that spatial analysis can help data management and visualization, determine spatio-temporal patterns-processes-drivers, and finally develop dynamic and spatially explicit models, to improve the performance of simulating and assessing stocks and flows of materials. Scaling in spatial, temporal, and organizational dimensions and other current limitations are also discussed. Combined with spatial analysis, industrial ecology can really be more powerful in achieving its origin and destination—sustainability.
A Multiscale Hierarchical Model for Sparse Hyperspectral Unmixing
Authors: Zou Jinlin , Lan Jinhui
Published: March 2019

Due to the complex background and low spatial resolution of the hyperspectral sensor, observed ground reflectance is often mixed at the pixel level. Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) is a hot-issue in the remote sensing area because it can decompose the observed mixed pixel reflectance. Traditional sparse hyperspectral unmixing often leads to an ill-posed inverse problem, which can be circumvented by spatial regularization approaches. However, their adoption has come at the expense of a massive increase in computational cost. In this paper, a novel multiscale hierarchical model for a method of sparse hyperspectral unmixing is proposed. The paper decomposes HU into two domain problems, one is in an approximation scale representation based on resampling the method’s domain, and the other is in the original domain. The use of multiscale spatial resampling methods for HU leads to an effective strategy that deals with spectral variability and computational cost. Furthermore, the hierarchical strategy with abundant sparsity representation in each layer aims to obtain the global optimal solution. Both simulations and real hyperspectral data experiments show that the proposed method outperforms previous methods in endmember extraction and abundance fraction estimation, and promotes piecewise homogeneity in the estimated abundance without compromising sharp discontinuities among neighboring pixels. Additionally, compared with total variation regularization, the proposed method reduces the computational time effectively.
Practical Adaptation of a Low-Cost Voltage Transducer with an Open Feedback Loop for Precise Measurement of Distorted Voltages
Authors: Sulowicz Maciej , Ludwinek Krzysztof , Tulicki Jaroslaw , Depczynski Wojciech , Nowakowski Lukasz
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the project proposal of a low-cost transducer with a Hall-effect sensor placed in a ferromagnetic core’s air gap, which enables the measurement of the distorted voltage instantaneous values without the feedback loop used for measurements in electrical machines. The presented transducer allows for electrical separation between the measured voltage and the voltage at the output. Moreover, the influences of frequency, additional resistance, and the reactance of the winding circuit on the voltage phase shift caused by winding inductance with ferrite core and amplitude are discussed. The result of simulating leakage inductance of measuring winding with ferrite core with an air gap is calculated using finite element analysis. Experimental investigations of the voltage phase shift angle and output voltage amplitude drop for the voltage transducers with an open feedback loop are carried out, taking into account the linear core magnetization characteristic.
Bulk Acoustic Wave Characteristics of Pseudo Lateral-Field-Excitation on LGT Single Crystal for Liquid Phase Sensing
Authors: Xu Jiachao , Ma Tingfeng , Yan Liang , Wang Mingfei , Wang Ji , Du Jianke , Zhang Chao
Published: March 2019

In the present study, pseudo lateral-field-excitation (LFE) bulk acoustic wave characteristics on LGT crystals are investigated to increase the sensitivity of LFE devices on the liquid characteristic variations. The cut orientation of LGT crystals for pseudo-LFE is investigated and verified experimentally. For an LFE device in the pseudo-LFE mode, the thickness shear mode wave is excited by the thickness field rather than the lateral field. The present work shows that when the (yxl) 13.8° LGT plate is excited by the electric field parallel to the crystallographic axis x, it operates in the pseudo-LFE mode. Moreover, characteristics of devices including the sensitivity and impedance are investigated. The present work shows that sensitivity of LFE devices to variation of the conductivity and permittivity of the aqueous solution are 9 and 3.2 times higher than those for AT-cut quartz crystal based devices, respectively. Furthermore, it has been found that the sensitivity of the LGT LFE sensor to liquid acoustic viscosity variations is 1.4 times higher than the one for the AT-cut quartz sensor. The results are a critical basis of designing high-performance liquid phase sensors by using pseudo-LFE devices.
Spatio-Temporal Action Detection in Untrimmed Videos by Using Multimodal Features and Region Proposals
Authors: Song Yeongtaek , Kim Incheol
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a novel deep neural network model for solving the spatio-temporal-action-detection problem, by localizing all multiple-action regions and classifying the corresponding actions in an untrimmed video. The proposed model uses a spatio-temporal region proposal method to effectively detect multiple-action regions. First, in the temporal region proposal, anchor boxes were generated by targeting regions expected to potentially contain actions. Unlike the conventional temporal region proposal methods, the proposed method uses a complementary two-stage method to effectively detect the temporal regions of the respective actions occurring asynchronously. In addition, to detect a principal agent performing an action among the people appearing in a video, the spatial region proposal process was used. Further, coarse-level features contain comprehensive information of the whole video and have been frequently used in conventional action-detection studies. However, they cannot provide detailed information of each person performing an action in a video. In order to overcome the limitation of coarse-level features, the proposed model additionally learns fine-level features from the proposed action tubes in the video. Various experiments conducted using the LIRIS-HARL and UCF-10 datasets confirm the high performance and effectiveness of the proposed deep neural network model.
Recent Applications of Multispectral Imaging in Seed Phenotyping and Quality Monitoring—An Overview
Authors: ElMasry Gamal , Mandour Nasser , Al-Rejaie Salim , Belin Etienne , Rousseau David
Published: March 2019

As a synergistic integration between spectroscopy and imaging technologies, spectral imaging modalities have been emerged to tackle quality evaluation dilemmas by proposing different designs with effective and practical applications in food and agriculture. With the advantage of acquiring spatio-spectral data across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the state-of-the-art multispectral imaging in tandem with different multivariate chemometric analysis scenarios has been successfully implemented not only for food quality and safety control purposes, but also in dealing with critical research challenges in seed science and technology. This paper will shed some light on the fundamental configuration of the systems and give a birds-eye view of all recent approaches in the acquisition, processing and reproduction of multispectral images for various applications in seed quality assessment and seed phenotyping issues. This review article continues from where earlier review papers stopped but it only focused on fully-operated multispectral imaging systems for quality assessment of different sorts of seeds. Thence, the review comprehensively highlights research attempts devoted to real implementations of only fully-operated multispectral imaging systems and does not consider those ones that just utilized some key wavelengths extracted from hyperspectral data analyses without building independent multispectral imaging systems. This makes this article the first attempt in briefing all published papers in multispectral imaging applications in seed phenotyping and quality monitoring by providing some examples and research results in characterizing physicochemical quality traits, predicting physiological parameters, detection of defect, pest infestation and seed health.
A New Image Registration Algorithm Based on Evidential Reasoning
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Han Deqiang , Dezert Jean , Yang Yi
Published: March 2019

Image registration is a crucial and fundamental problem in image processing and computer vision, which aims to align two or more images of the same scene acquired from different views or at different times. In image registration, since different keypoints (e.g., corners) or similarity measures might lead to different registration results, the selection of keypoint detection algorithms or similarity measures would bring uncertainty. These different keypoint detectors or similarity measures have their own pros and cons and can be jointly used to expect a better registration result. In this paper, the uncertainty caused by the selection of keypoint detector or similarity measure is addressed using the theory of belief functions, and image information at different levels are jointly used to achieve a more accurate image registration. Experimental results and related analyses show that our proposed algorithm can achieve more precise image registration results compared to several prevailing algorithms.
Locating Hazardous Chemical Leakage Source Based on Cooperative Moving and Fixing Sensors
Authors: Kong Yaguang , Guan Meng , Zheng Song , Jiang Peng , Wang Ling , Yao Xuefei , Lu Jian , Xie Chenfeng , Wang Fang
Published: March 2019

In dealing with sudden hazardous chemical leakage accidents, the key to solving the evacuation and transfer of personnel and important property is to determine the location of the leakage source and the information of the source strength to gauge the scope of the impact of leakage. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with an adaptive mutation factor is applied to the inverse calculation of leakage source strength to obtain the leakage source information, and the leakage source location problem is transformed into an optimization problem. The mobile sensor is then introduced into the fixed sensor network. The mobile sensor moving strategy based on an extended Kalman filter is proposed. The estimated value of the previous moment and the current time are used to update the estimation of the state variable, and then the mobile strategy is planned. The interference of the random error of the optimization algorithm on the path planning of the mobile sensor is reduced by introducing the optimized result memory and, thus, location efficiency is improved. Simulation results showed that the proposed method, which combines mobile with fixed sensors, greatly expanded the monitoring function of the network, reduced the number of fixed sensors, and enhanced the positioning accuracy.
Evaluating Scenario-Specific Loading Processes on Mobile Phones
Authors: Zhang Chen , Lv Mengsha , Zhang Weimin , Chen Jun , Yang Lei , Lv Bin , Wu Tongning
Published: March 2019

The manuscript presents a study that evaluates satisfaction with loading processes during human interactions with mobile devices. This is an innovative study to investigate human perception in terms of loading time for critical scenarios using a realistic mobile device. The scenarios were retrieved by internet searching. Consequently, high-fidelity models were reconstructed based on the identified scenarios. The measurements of contemporary commercial mobile devices yielded typical loading time values, which were subsequently applied in these models. Subjects operated these models, which were installed in a mobile terminal, and scored the models in terms of the loading time and processes. The results indicated that a shorter loading time was generally associated with higher scores. However, unsatisfactory scores were given to the shortest loading interval for the social App, which may indicate that users have higher expectations for this scenario. Furthermore, animation improved subjective satisfaction. These experimental protocols, the developed tools and the obtained results benefit not only manufacturers but also application developers.
A Detailed Archival CHANDRA Study of the Young Core-collapse Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Alan Neslihan , Park Sangwook , Bilir Selçuk
Published: March 2019

We present an archival Chandra study of the O-rich supernova remnant (SNR) 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Based on deep ∼265 ks archival Chandra data, we performed a detailed spatially resolved spectral analysis of 1E 0102.2-7219. Our aim is to reveal the spatial and chemical structures of this remnant in unprecedented detail. Radial profiles of O, Ne, and Mg abundances based on our analysis of regional spectra extracted along nine different azimuthal directions of 1E 0102.2-7219 suggest the contact discontinuity at ∼5.5 pc from the geometric center of the X-ray emission of the SNR. We find that the metal-rich ejecta gas extends further outward to the west and southwest than in the other directions of the SNR. The average O/Ne, O/Mg, and Ne/Mg abundance ratios of the ejecta are in plausible agreement with the nucleosynthesis products from the explosion of a ∼40 M
⊙ progenitor. We estimate an upper limit on the Sedov age of ∼3500 yr and explosion energy of ∼1.8 × 1051 erg for 1E 0102.2-7219. We discuss the implications of our results for the geometrical structure of the remnant, its circumstellar medium and the nature of the progenitor star. Our results do not fit with a simple picture of the reverse-shocked emission from a spherical shell-like ejecta gas with a uniformly distributed metal abundance and a power-law density along the radius of the SNR.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Quenching of Star Formation in Clusters I. Transition Galaxies
Authors: Owers Matt S. , Hudson Michael J. , Oman Kyle A. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Brough S. , Bryant Julia J. , Cortese Luca , Couch Warrick J. , Croom Scott M. , Sande Jesse van de , Federrath Christoph , Groves Brent , Hopkins A. M. , Lawrence J. S. , Lorente Nuria P. F. , McDermid Richard M. , Medling Anne M. , Richards Samuel N. , Scott Nicholas , Taranu Dan S. , Welker Charlotte , Yi Sukyoung K.
Published: March 2019

We use integral-field spectroscopy from the SAMI Galaxy Survey to identify galaxies that show evidence of recent quenching of star formation. The galaxies exhibit strong Balmer absorption in the absence of ongoing star formation in more than 10% of their spectra within the SAMI field of view. These

-strong (HDS) galaxies (HDSGs) are rare, making up only ∼2% (25/1220) of galaxies with stellar mass

 > 10. The HDSGs make up a significant fraction of nonpassive cluster galaxies (15%; 17/115) and a smaller fraction (2.0%; 8/387) of the nonpassive population in low-density environments. The majority (9/17) of cluster HDSGs show evidence of star formation at their centers, with the HDS regions found in the outer parts of the galaxy. Conversely, the HDS signal is more evenly spread across the galaxy for the majority (6/8) of HDSGs in low-density environments and is often associated with emission lines that are not due to star formation. We investigate the location of the HDSGs in the clusters, finding that they are exclusively within 0.6R
200 of the cluster center and have a significantly higher velocity dispersion relative to the cluster population. Comparing their distribution in projected phase space to those derived from cosmological simulations indicates that the cluster HDSGs are consistent with an infalling population that has entered the central 0.5r
200,3D cluster region within the last ∼1 Gyr. In the eight of nine cluster HDSGs with central star formation, the extent of star formation is consistent with that expected of outside-in quenching by ram pressure stripping. Our results indicate that the cluster HDSGs are currently being quenched by ram pressure stripping on their first passage through the cluster.
Modeling the Effect of Mass-draining on Prominence Eruptions
Authors: Jenkins Jack M. , Hopwood Matthew , Démoulin Pascal , Valori Gherardo , Aulanier Guillaume , Long David M. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia
Published: March 2019

Quiescent solar prominences are observed within the solar atmosphere for up to several solar rotations. Their eruption is commonly preceded by a slow increase in height that can last from hours to days. This increase in the prominence height is believed to be due to their host magnetic flux rope transitioning through a series of neighboring quasi-equilibria before the main loss of equilibrium that drives the eruption. Recent work suggests that the removal of prominence mass from a stable, quiescent flux rope is one possible cause for this change in height. However, these conclusions are drawn from observations and are subject to interpretation. Here, we present a simple model to quantify the effect of “mass-draining” during the pre-eruptive height evolution of a solar flux rope. The flux rope is modeled as a line current suspended within a background potential magnetic field. We first show that the inclusion of mass, up to 1012 kg, can modify the height at which the line current experiences loss of equilibrium by up to 14%. Next, we show that the rapid removal of mass prior to the loss of equilibrium can allow the height of the flux rope to increase sharply and without an upper bound as it approaches its loss-of-equilibrium point. This indicates that the critical height for the loss of equilibrium can occur at a range of heights depending explicitly on the amount and evolution of mass within the flux rope. Finally, we demonstrate that for the same amount of drained mass, the effect on the height of the flux rope is up to two orders of magnitude larger for quiescent prominences than for active region prominences.
Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anisotropies: Voyager 1 in the Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Rankin J. S. , Stone E. C. , Cummings A. C. , McComas D. J. , Lal N. , Heikkila B. C.
Published: March 2019

Since crossing the heliopause on 2012 August 25, Voyager 1 observed reductions in galactic cosmic ray count rates caused by a time-varying depletion of particles with pitch angles near 90°, while intensities of particles with other pitch angles remain unchanged. Between late 2012 and mid-2017, three large-scale events occurred, lasting from ∼100 to ∼630 days. Omnidirectional and directional high-energy data from Voyager 1’s Cosmic Ray Subsystem are used to report cosmic ray intensity variations. Omnidirectional (≳20 MeV) proton-dominated measurements show up to a 3.8% intensity reduction. Bidirectional (≳70 MeV) proton-dominated measurements taken from various spacecraft orientations provide insight about the depletion region’s spatial properties. We characterize the anisotropy as a “notch” in an otherwise uniform pitch angle distribution of varying depth and width centered about 90° in pitch angle space. The notch averages 22° wide and 15% deep, signifying a depletion region that is broad and shallow. There are indications that the anisotropy is formed by a combination of magnetic trapping and cooling downstream of solar-induced transient disturbances in a region that is also likely influenced by the highly compressed fields near the heliopause.
Type II Cepheids Pulsating in the First Overtone from the OGLE Survey
Authors: Soszyński I. , Smolec R. , Udalski A. , Pietrukowicz P.
Published: March 2019

We report the discovery of the first type II Cepheids (BL Herculis stars) pulsating solely in the first overtone. We found two such objects among tens of millions of stars regularly observed by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment survey in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our classification and the pulsation mode identification is based on the position of these stars on the period–luminosity and color–magnitude diagrams and on the light-curve analysis. We discuss why single-mode first-overtone BL Her pulsators must be very rare. For the two discovered stars we present nonlinear models that successfully reproduce their light variation. These models indicate that both first-overtone pulsators should be more massive than is typically assumed for BL Her stars, i.e., their masses should be above 0.75

. However, the higher mass requires higher luminosity to match the observed periods of the stars, which is inconsistent with observations.
Quenching Low-mass Satellite Galaxies: Evidence for a Threshold ICM Density
Authors: Roberts Ian D. , Parker Laura C. , Brown Toby , Joshi Gandhali D. , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Wadsley James
Published: March 2019

We compile a sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy clusters with high-quality Chandra X-ray data to directly study the influence of the dense intracluster medium (ICM) on the quenching of satellite galaxies. We study the quenched fractions of satellite galaxies as a function of ICM density for low- (109 ≲ M
⋆ ≲ 1010
M
⊙), intermediate- (1010 ≲ M
⋆ ≲ 1010.5
M
⊙), and high-mass (M
⋆ ≳ 1010.5
M
⊙) satellite galaxies with >3000 satellite galaxies across 24 low-redshift (z < 0.1) clusters. For low-mass galaxies we find evidence for a broken power-law trend between satellite quenched fraction and local ICM density. The quenched fraction increases modestly at ICM densities below a threshold before increasing sharply beyond this threshold toward the cluster center. We show that this increase in quenched fraction at high ICM density is well matched by a simple, analytic model of ram pressure stripping. These results are consistent with a picture where low-mass cluster galaxies experience an initial, slow-quenching mode driven by steady gas depletion, followed by rapid quenching associated with ram pressure of cold-gas stripping near (one-quarter of the virial radius, on average) the cluster center.
Pour une approche microsociologique des idées politiques
Authors: Jacquemart Alban , Albenga Viviane
Published: March 2019

En prenant appui sur les travaux de plusieurs sous-champs des sciences sociales, cet article plaide pour une microsociologie des appropriations des idées politiques à travers l’exemple des idées féministes. La notion d’appropriation, empruntée à la socio-histoire de la lecture, permet d’envisager les reformulations et transformations des idées politiques à l’occasion de leurs circulations dans différents espaces sociaux. Elle conduit également à prêter une attention particulière aux conditions et modalités de réception ordinaire des idées politiques et aux logiques de politisation au principe de ces processus. À ce titre, les idées féministes constituent un terrain d’investigation particulièrement éclairant au regard de la multiplicité des formes de diffusion dont elles ont fait l’objet depuis les années 1970.
Le choix des larmes. La commémoration comme mode de protestation
Authors: Latté Stéphane
Published: March 2019

Si l’histoire a récemment exhumé les formes de « contestation par le deuil », la sociologie de l’action collective demeure en revanche silencieuse sur des pratiques commémoratives estimées impropres à l’expression d’opinions politiques. Cet article vise donc à rétablir les hommages aux victimes parmi les modalités routinières de la protestation. En nous appuyant sur une base de 170 marches silencieuses, nous montrons de quelle manière les acteurs associatifs et syndicaux s’emploient à tordre le rituel funéraire pour y loger des fragments de revendication. Puis, nous rapportons ces démonstrations d’affliction aux propriétés des groupes qui s’en saisissent et aux interactions qui les lient aux forces de l’ordre, aux publics enrôlés et aux soutiens militants. Cet article propose ainsi une sociologie des répertoires émotionnels endossés dans l’action collective et plus spécifiquement une analyse des ressorts de la manifestation politique du deuil.
Militer pour la mémoire
Authors: Hourcade Renaud
Published: March 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux conditions d’émergence et de structuration de mobilisations mémorielles à Nantes et Bordeaux, deux anciens ports négriers. À partir d’une étude de terrain portant sur deux associations locales, il identifie l’expérience du racisme comme un aspect central de cet engagement. Ce constat amène à interroger les modalités de transfert et de traduction qui font que les acteurs passent d’un problème de discriminations à des revendications d’ordre mémoriel, s’inscrivant dans le registre de la politique symbolique. Le rôle joué par les « entrepreneurs de mémoire », positionnés à l’interface entre production de normes mémorielles internes au groupe, production identitaire et luttes de statut tournées vers la reconnaissance, apparaît décisif à cet égard. Les profils, représentations et pratiques de deux d’entre eux sont présentés en détail.
L’incursion des scientifiques dans l’organisation des marchés agricoles
Authors: Paranthoën Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2019

La place de la grande distribution et des organisations professionnelles agricoles est généralement étudiée pour rendre compte de la construction sociale des marchés agricoles. Avec la promotion des circuits courts on découvre cependant que le contrôle sur l’État, un des plus puissants organisateurs des marchés, n’est pas uniquement guidé par ces acteurs, mais par des scientifiques. Dans un contexte marqué par une augmentation du financement de la recherche par les collectivités territoriales, des chercheurs parviennent à faire des circuits courts un sujet porteur des sciences agricoles. L’intellectualisation de l’action publique facilite leur incursion dans un groupe de travail qui est chargé par le ministère de l’Agriculture de définir les circuits courts. Elle favorise également l’émergence et la redéfinition d’une demande d’expertise dont les savants se font les bénéficiaires. Les scientifiques ne sont donc pas de simples passeurs entre des acteurs dotés d’intérêts économiques et un État chargé de réguler les relations marchandes, ils participent à la redéfinition des intermédiations entre les agriculteurs et les consommateurs.