bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendampingan Penyusunan Proposal Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) Prodi Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bima
Authors: Muniarty Puji , Rimawan M , Ovriyadin Ovriyadin , Wulandari Wulandari , Alifah Tri Wahyuni , Uyun Salimatul , Sakti Gunawan
Published: May 2024

The PKM program is a routine grant program every year which will be participated in by PTN and PTS which is organized by the Belmawa Directorate as a forum for channeling student creative ideas. The hope is that by launching the Student Creativity Program (PKM) in various fields, it will train students to be able to present solutions to problems faced by the government, society, or the world of work/industry, so that the life of the nation and state moves in a better direction. The participation of students and accompanying lecturers in PKM activities can support the achievement of their higher education's IKU. Especially at IKU 1 (graduates get decent work), IKU 2 (students get experience outside campus), IKU 3 (lecturers carry out activities outside campus), and IKU 5 (the results of lecturers' work are used by the community). Apart from that, the output of this PKM program can be in the form of articles that are declared to have passed by reviewers and can be published in a scientific journal, which is a form of dissemination of activities carried out by students and indirectly contributes to progress and technology. However, the problem in 2024 is that there is still low student participation in taking part in PKM grants and low knowledge and understanding of students in preparing proposals and taking part in PKM and difficulty finding ideas to put into writing. The community service method uses a participatory method through a preliminary stage, core stage and advanced stage. The results of the activity show that it was carried out according to the timeline and increased student interest in developing ideas and skills as well as student interest in proposing PKM, this is proven by the increase in the number of PKM proposals proposed in the Simbelmawa system.
Legal Challenges to the Formation and Formalities of Online Contracts in Kenya
Authors: Bernard Kibet Sang
Published: May 2024

This study looks into the formation as well as formalities of contracts over the internet in Kenya. In particular, it explores the challenges that the internet poses as to the formation and, where applicable, formalities of online contracts in Kenya. As to formation, this study focuses on the essential elements of invitation to treat, offer and acceptance in contracting online. Regarding formalities of contract, it assesses the requirement for writing and signature in certain transactions that may be concluded online. The study also seeks to establish how Kenyan law addresses the legal challenges arising from contracting online. In doing so, a comparison is done with other jurisdictions, in particular, the United Nations (UN), United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA) and South Africa (SA). In conclusion, this study gives a summary of the findings and makes recommendations on the way forward.
MATCH FIXING’ IN INVESTOR STATE ARBITRATION: PROCESS & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED V FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
Authors: Nyanje John
Published: May 2024

Match fixing has been defined in organised sports as the act of playing or officiating a match with the intention of achieving a pre-determined result, which is seen as violating the rules of the game and often the law.1It sometimes takes the form of a player deciding to commit certain errors during the match in order to achieve a certain result. This is mostly influenced by bribery and blackmail from bookmakers.2It seems that investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) is now so lowly valued that it would be comparable to the rot of match fixing in competitive sports. Process & Industrial Developments Limited (P&ID) v Federal Republic of Nigeria3is a classic example of how the rot and corruption in ISDS is endemic especially in Global South states. It is an example of how players in an ISDS case can collude to achieve a desired outcome at the expense of truth and justice
PRIVITY OF CONTRACT AND ASSIGNMENT OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS IN KENYA
Authors: Kadima Cedric
Published: May 2024

The assignability of contractual rights has more often than not been discussed in terms of the privity of contract. It is widely accepted that contractual rights can freely be assigned. However, there are exceptions to this rule, which are non-assignability clauses in the contracts and personal nature of contractual rights. Consequently, there are discussions on whether the arbitration agreement in the contract is also freely transferrable through assignment of contractual rights. In intuitu personae contracts (where the relationship and confidence of parties resulted in the arbitration agreement), it is argued that the arbitration agreement is not transferrable, but different jurisdictions conclude differently. This paper exposes Kenya’s stand on assignability of arbitration agreements as rendered by the High Court of Kenya in Kampala International University v Housing Finance Company Limited (Miscellaneous Cause E564 of 2019) [2021] KEHC 105 (KLR) (Commercial and Tax) (16 September 2021) (Ruling).
The Implementation of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities in Kenya
Authors: Oyugi Phoebe
Published: May 2024

Equality and non-discrimination before the law are fundamental human rights principles enshrined in both international and regional human rights instruments. However, earlier human rights instruments did not expressly protect persons with disabilities from discrimination and, therefore, they were regarded as objects of charity, rather than subjects of human rights. Through the years, the law has developed to provide better protection for persons with disabilities, culminating in the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD). Article 12 of the CRPD provides for the right to equal recognition before the law for persons with disabilities which entails the right to legal capacity. This provision reflects a long established and non-derogable human rights principle also enshrined, for example, in article 16, as read together with article 4 (2), of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Despite the significant development of legal protection, the implementation of the right to legal capacity for persons with disabilities leaves a lot to be desired. Many jurisdictions conflate legal capacity with mental capacity, the latter of which is a controversial concept. Persons with disabilities are denied the right to make personal decisions and to participate in judicial proceedings, on the basis that they lack the requisite mental capacity. Such denial of the right to make decisions constitutes a violation of the long established and non-derogable right to legal capacity enshrined in article 12 of the CRPD. The paper discusses the implementation of article 12 of the CRPD in Kenya. It examines the conflation of legal capacity and mental capacity for persons with disabilities and interrogates the approaches employed in the determination of mental capacity. Furthermore, the paper examines different Acts of Parliament in Kenya and discusses their level of compliance with article 12 of the CRPD.
International Human Rights Law versus International Humanitarian Law in Situations of Armed Conflict
Authors: Kilangi Aderlardus
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the interplay between international human rights law and international humanitarian law especially in situations of armed conflict. When this overlap occurs, the general position in international law is that international human rights law shall apply in times of peace as ‘lex generalis’, or general law, while international humanitarian law shall apply in situations of armed conflict as ‘lex specialis’, or special law, thereby displacing or keeping in abeyance general law. The position is reliant on the doctrine ‘lex specialis derogat legi generali’ meaning that special or specific law suspends general law. The paper, therefore, examines the appropriateness of using the doctrine ‘lex specialis derogat legi generali’ in situations of interplay between the two fields of international law, especially when it comes to the question of the sanctity of life. With reference to the duty to protect life, the paper notes that, the doctrine of ‘lex specialis’ does not adequately clarify the coordination which must desirably exist between the two fields of international law, and in any case it places limits on protection of victims. The paper argues, therefore, that, a well-coordinated application of international human rights law and international humanitarian law is vital to ensuring adequate protection of victims during all situations of armed conflict, because the general trend in the world today is to move towards broader protection of victims, and not towards limitation. In conclusion, therefore, the paper advocates for the need to substitute the ‘lex specialis’ doctrine with a more coherent theory which balances the reality of conflict with the respect for humanity and protection of life.
Countering Involvement of Kenyan Children in Terrorism through Realization of their Socio-Economic Rights
Authors: Maithya Irene
Published: May 2024

State and multinational efforts aimed at containing terrorism in Kenya have only yielded modest results despite the repressive nature of these efforts. The ranks of the foot soldiers of Al Shabaab fundamentalist sects continue to swell even in the face of the ferocious onslaught on their membership by state troops. Abandoned by the state, coupled with poverty, children become easy targets for radicalization and are subsequently recruited into terrorist groups. This article argues that poverty is the main cause that exposes children to abuse, criminalization and subsequent mobilization into terrorism. It argues that until the practices of rampant child abuse and state-neglect of children as a vulnerable group are addressed through better education, employment opportunities and poverty reduction, Kenya is likely to remain a breeding ground of violent conflicts and persistent attacks by the terrorists. The realization of the socio-economic rights of children has only been given the priority it deserves by the human rights groups as a way forward for the country of Kenya to counter the involvement of children in the terror groups.  The rate at which Kenya’s youth are getting in the terror groups is alarming and the number is expected to rise if the realization of socio-economic rights of the youths is not urgently addressed by the state. This article, therefore, focuses on this recent phenomenon of involvementof children in Kenya into terrorism activities. The article attempts to briefly explore the impacts of involvement of children in Kenya as a new challenge in relation to the discourse of child protection. With a view of mitigating the harm on the lives, well-being, survival and development of children in some parts of Kenya, the article sets outs viable solutions that should be considered in the fight against involvement of children in terrorism.
Ruinous Judicial activism
Authors: Duncan M. O’kubasu
Published: May 2024

eturn to office or removal of a public or state officer when charged under the Anti-Corruption and Economic Crimes Act (ACECA) has become and remains one of the active questions in Kenyan courts after renewed energies on the part of the government to ‘fight graft’. This question has generated debates whose terms seem to be very different following a decision that was issued by Justice Mumbi Ngugi over a revision application by the Governor of Samburu County, Moses Kasaine Lenolkulal in a casehe had been charged. This article is an attempt at critically analysing the said ruling which has been hailed not only as being progressive but alsoas showing that Kenyan courts are treating corruption with the phobia itdeserves. The analysis demonstrates that despite the noble ideas behind judicial support for war against graft, judicial officers need to be more careful not to venture into what can be described as ruinous activism as the Moses Kasaine Lenolkulal ruling has now revealed.
A Tale of Judicial Courage
Authors: Owiti JV
Published: May 2024

This paper responds to and critiques the foregoing paper by O’kubasu: “Ruinous Judicial Activism: What a Solemn Scrutiny of the Ruling of Justice Mumbi Ngugi in the Moses Kasaine Lenolkulal Case Reveals.” The author argues that contrary to the assertions by O’kubasu, the ruling, which barred Lenolkulal from accessing his office, did not seek to have the governor step aside, like other public officers, neither did it remove him from office as contemplated by Article 181 of the Constitution and section 33 of the County Government Act. The condition was/ is reasonable and fits perfectly within Articles 24, 27, 49(1) (h) and 50 of the Constitution and therefore is legal and proper. Having noted the magnitude to which corruption levels have grown, in spite of an impressive array of existing laws and institutions to fight it, and the ascent to public office by persons with unresolved issues of integrity, it is argued that the decision of Mumbi J in the Lenolkulal case is not only a brave stand for the values of Chapter Six and the Rule of Law, but it also provides an opportunity to further salvage Chapter Six of the Constitution, which has for a long time been on its death bed. With the decision having been relied on in other cases, it is hoped that Chapter 6 of the Constitution shall fully resurrect and give a beacon of hope for the continued constitutional transformation of the democracy that is Kenya.
Testing Alternatives
Authors: Mungai Melissa
Published: May 2024

Kenya’s legal framework affords the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) vast powers to decide when to prosecute. As described sharply in the 2010 Constitution, the DPP is not subject to any person or authority, nor doeshe/she require the consent of any authority to commence a criminal case.Whereas corruption has grown exponentially in the past two decades, there are only a handful of convictions. Perhaps, this demonstrates the DPP’s poor follow-through in prosecuting corruption-related offences, despite their more than adequate discretion in prosecutions. Analysing judicial decisions, the paper advocates private prosecutions as a useful check on the DPP’s discretion not to prosecute graft cases.
The paper is arranged along three arguments. First, corruption is rampant in Kenya and as corruption swells, the authority with the power to wrestle it through prosecution,which is the DPP – and the AG before it – has been slow to prosecute corruption cases historically. Secondly, the DPP enjoys near monopoly over the authority to prosecute to-date. Third, private prosecutions offer an avenue for the anti-corruption crusade by checking the DPP’s power, which has practical and legal limitations.
Public Participation in Budget Making Processes in County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Okumu Maurice Jumah
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the legal and administrative framework for public participation in budget making process in County Governments in Kenya. It seeks to address three research questions: First, what is the conceptual, legal and administrative framework for public participation in budget making in Kenya county governments? Second, is the existing framework for public participation in budget making effective? Third, what lessons can Kenya learn from Brazil and South Africa?
Cartel Conduct as a Moral Wrong
Authors: Mbila Mutemi , Shikoli Edmond
Published: May 2024

Cartel conduct in Kenya is regulated by the Competition Act. This paper seeks to investigate such cartel conduct as both a moral and legal wrong, based on the consequential theory of jurisprudential reasoning. The paper first examines the jurisprudential underpinning of a moral wrong and then proceeds to examine the norms that prohibit cartel behaviour. Upon a careful analysis of the nature and conduct of cartels, the paper concludes that cartels act in a manner that is both morally and legally wrong. The paper then suggests that the sanctions that the Competition Act of Kenya imposes on cartels are justified on both moral and legal basis.
A critique of the Supreme Court’s pronouncements on international law and the right to housing in Kenya in Mitu-Bell Welfare Society
Authors: Mathenge Ian Mwiti
Published: May 2024

Kenyan courts have long grappled with questions surrounding the place of international law in the legal landscape particularly after the promulgationof the 2010 Constitution. Moreover, socio-economic realities have created conditions such as poor and inadequate housing for portions of society, a significant number resultantly having to reside in informal settlements all over the country. Unregulated demolitions of these settlements have left thousands of these already precarious slum dwellers homeless and destitute. In light of these issues, the case of Mitu-Bell Welfare Society v Kenya Airports Authority & 2 others; Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa (amicus curiae) was expected to bring about clarity on the application of international law to issues such as human rights, as well as provide a definitive interpretation of the right to housing that would help mitigate injustices in this area. This paper analyses the Supreme Court of Kenya’s decision in Mitu-Bell Welfare Society, canvassing how the court addressed the applicability of international law and the interpretation of the right to housing.
Setting the record straight in socio-economic rights adjudication: The Mitu-Bell Welfare Society Supreme Court of Kenya judgment
Authors: Miyandazi Victoria
Published: May 2024

A leading criticism of the Mitu-Bell Welfare Society decision in the Supreme Court of Kenya is that it fell short of achieving the transformative effects expected similar to South Africa’s Irene Grootboom. One such critique has been provided by Ian Mwiti Mathenge in his paper which this article responds to by asserting that the Court addressed relevant issues to Kenya’s jurisprudential needs. Specifically, the Court clearly affirmed evictees’ rights to seek redress, including compensation, adequate notice, dignified treatment and even the provision of alternative land for resettlement. The analysis of the case also acknowledges the Court’s interpretation on the place of international law in Kenya, and areas for future research and development.
Mitu-Bell Welfare Society redux: A note on the strengths and weaknesses of the Supreme Court judgement
Authors: Oduor Maurice
Published: May 2024

This note reviews the case of Mitu-Bell Welfare Society in view of the concerns raised over the Supreme Court judgment, as well as points raised in its support. It argues that on one hand, the court laid down foundations for future interpretation that will help courts better address violations of socio-economic rights in Kenya. Importantly, the court addressed the rights of persons facing evictions in informal settlements and the ‘bare minimum’ standards that should be applied in such situations. On the other hand, the note agrees with those who have found issue with how the court canvassed the place of international law in Kenya.
From constitutional avoidance to the primacy of rights approach to adjudication in Kenya: A case study of the interplay between constitutional rights and the law of contract
Authors: Ochieng Walter Khobe
Published: May 2024

The Constitution of Kenya of 2010 is a value-oriented normative document. It enshrines values, principles, and rights that are supposed to transform the Kenyan state and society into a democratic and egalitarian direction. Through Article 20(3), the Constitution envisages that all legal rules sourced from statutes, common law, or customary law will be developed to ensure conformity and consistency with its value order. This paper advances the argument that the obligation to develop the law to promote the vision of the Bill of Rights mandates a shift of adjudication and litigation strategy from an approach that places premium on the doctrine of constitutional avoidance to an embrace of a primacy of rights approach to adjudication.
Update on Kenya’s implementation of the decision in the Nubian minors’ case
Authors: Lugulu Julie Ingrid
Published: May 2024

This paper provides an update on the Nubian minors’ case after the decision in the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) and another, v Kenya (Nubian minors’ case) Through a communication to the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC), the Nubian minors alleged, first, the violation of their right to a name and nationality. Secondly, they claimed breach of the principle of non-discrimination by the Kenyan government which they stated had denied them equal access to education and health facilities. Lastly, the Nubian minors complained of a lengthy vetting process when applying for Kenyan identity documents which they alleged put them at risk of becoming stateless. The ACERWC found the Government of Kenya in violation of the rights; to a name and nationality, health and education and recommended that Kenya takes measures to ensure that Nubian minors acquire nationality and proof of such at birth and to implement birth registration in a non-discriminatory manner. Previous work has failed to address the extent of Kenya’s adherence to the Nubian minors’ decision post the Nubian minors’ case. This paper provides a follow up after the Nubian minors’ case by examining Kenya’s reforms to comply with the decision in the Nubian minors’ case and highlights the challenges hindering Kenya’s full compliance with the decision.
Foreword
Authors: Matheka Hon Lady Justice Teresia Mumbua
Published: May 2024

16 June is a special day set aside for celebrating the child in Africaand, by extension, understanding and enforcing the rights of the childin Kenya. On this day, we remember our brothers and sisters whowere killed and injured in Soweto, South Africa, in 1976 as they foughtfor some of the rights we freely enjoy today. I would like to thank theKabarak University and Save the Children International for making agreat stride in reinforcing the rights of the child with this initiative tocelebrate the Day of the African Child 2023.
Political integrity as irrational and hypocritical values
Authors: Bokao Golo
Published: May 2024

The progressive and transformative Constitution of Kenya, 2010 brought with it Chapter Six on leadership and integrity which outlines the integrity standards required of persons holding or intending to hold public office in both elective and appointive positions. The chapter has been deemed a reflection of the aspirations of Kenyans who are desirous to clean the country’s politics that has been riddled with corruption and abuse of power. This article particularly focuses on the integrity fitness of those seeking elective offices with the aim of interrogating and attempting to bring out the controversies surrounding political integrity in Kenya. This study is premised on the hypothesis that the integrity definition adopted by the Kenyan courts is too stringent and needs to be moderated to allow for moral frailties necessitated by liberal democracy. This moral stringency is presumed to be the reason why the integrity test is seen as limiting political rights and is not currently applied to qualify or disqualify persons running for elective office as envisaged by the Constitution. This article proceeds to make a contribution in this area of law by defining integrity in politics based on the distinctive character of politics which require ethics unique to politics and how its application need not be seen as infringing political rights by showing how democracy is adapted to a country’s unique circumstances and priorities without undermining the fundamentals of the ideal.
Policing in Kenya during Covid-19
Authors: Omondi Gor George
Published: May 2024

Kenya’s policing history has for the longest time been partisan to the ruling regime. This has created a culture of brutality and disdain among members of the Kenya Police, towards members of the public whom they ought to protect and serve. Although the National Police Service Standing Orders provide that police officers shall be committed to the welfare of the public and shall maintain the highest professional and ethical standards in providing service to members of the public, recent practices and especially events that followed the Covid-19 containment measures prove the contrary. While the law makers may have been well intentioned, brutality cases on the part of the police in enforcing containment measures were recorded in several instances leading to injuries and deaths among many Kenyans, not least of which was the death in custody of our classmate Emmanuel Mutura and his brother Benson Ndwiga in Kianjakoma, Embu. Thus, this article argues that while Kenya boasts of an egalitarian transformative constitution, the most crucial entity that maintains law and order has maintained a retrogressive, non-egalitarian policing culture. Further, it advances the argument that in the long term, the police have to be trained in an egalitarian manner in order to achieve the true purpose of the Constitution of Kenya (2010).
Structural interdicts in Kenyan constitutional law
Authors: Chinyavu  Muzungu Martha
Published: May 2024

The promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 marked the start of a new era. No longer were we a nation subject to the will of the president or left at the mercy of parliament. The Constitution, as it strongly proclaims, was the supreme law of the land towering over every other law and person. It draws this position of power from the Kenyan people as the people who elected for it to be the law that ruled over the land. It is therefore no surprise that the rights it grants the people are not only prominently placed but are subject to great protection from violation and encroachment.
Salidas laterales una necesidad urgente en la Educación Superior.
Authors: Candia García Filiberto , Navarrete García Mónica , Ponce de León de Huerta Sergio , Castillo Pensado Juan Luis , Alonso Ruíz Francisco Martín
Published: May 2024

Las salidas laterales como una estrategia de flexibilidad del curriculum y competitividad laboral, para los estudiantes que abandonan los estudios, requieren una definición y descripción de su alcance y modalidad de validación. Que permita a los exalumnos con certificado parcial de estudios, contar con una formación que les habilite una oportunidad laboral inmediata asociada al área de estudio. Por ello el objetivo de este documento es la exploración sistemática de alternativas que permiten organizar un módulo de cualificación laboral. El resultado es la configuración de un perfil ocupacional de asistente de mandos medios y superiores que atiende las necesidades y solicitaciones laborales del sector productivo en el área de la ingeniería. Se concluye que la configuración de un bloque curricular como asistente o auxiliar en ingeniería en el cuarto semestre formativo permite una salida lateral con pronta incorporación al mercado laboral.
Hacia una educación más flexible y adaptativa: Un enfoque ágil en la educación.
Authors: Martínez Morales Karina , Méndez Ramírez Francisco Javier , Roldán Rivas Juvencio , Pérez Pérez Augusto , Hernández Romero Rolando
Published: May 2024

Innovar en las prácticas educativas contribuye al Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número cuatro, para ello la enseñanza a nivel superior debe ser una prioridad para las instituciones educativas y para el desarrollo del país, atendiendo las necesidades del mercado laboral de futuros trabajadores calificados; pues el 80% de los empleadores en México requerirán personal especializado; mundialmente el 54% delas compañías reporta escasez de talento. El reto para las instituciones de educación superior es la actualización oportuna de programas educativos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este capítulo es una propuesta de enfoque ágil para implementar la metodología SCRUM en la actualización curricular, con el fin de modificar y diseñar constantemente los programas educativos para que sean pertinentes, enfocados a la competitividad y adaptados a constantes cambios; lo que impactará positivamente en la calidad de la educación, así como para mantener el desarrollo económico de un país.
Neurociencias en el aprendizaje y la enseñanza.
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Olivia
Published: May 2024

La ciencia empírica ha sido un sector difícil de entender dentro de la sociedad. Se ha pensado erróneamente que su entendimiento y acercamiento está acotado a cierto tipo de seres superdotados o seleccionados especialmente para llevar a cabo esa labor. Hacerse científico no tiene ninguna dificultad, solo se necesita curiosidad y entusiasmo, que son cosas con las que nacemos todos. La ciencia empírica es un arte, al igual que la pintura, la escultura, la música, la danza; requiere de creatividad. Requiere del diseño de estrategias, en este caso experimentales, para estudiar y entender algún tema científico. Investigar, estudiar y entender las neurociencias es un campo que puede vincularse con muchos otros, entre ellos la enseñanza.
Las competencias blandas y el ABR: articulaciones pedagógicas necesarias en la formación integral de ingenieros.
Authors: Rodríguez Morales Julia I. , Cárdenas Mondragón Ismael , Jaramillo Gómez Cristian F. , González Pérez Alejandra , Campos Villatoro Alejandra
Published: May 2024

La industria mexicana se encuentra en una evolución tecnológica constante en los diferentes sectores industriales por lo que requiere que los ingenieros que se integran como profesionales se integren con competencias blandas desarrolladas: comunicación efectiva, trabajo en equipo, liderazgo, resolución de problemas, ética laboral y creatividad. Lo anterior permite contar con líderes que gestionen desafíos en el cambiante entorno tecnológico-industrial. Es importante incorporar una articulación pedagógica en la formación integral de los estudiantes de ingeniería para que egresen como profesionales capaces de generar ideas innovadoras y resolver problemas organizacionales. En esta articulación es fundamental que se considere a las habilidades blandas y el aprendizaje en retos como piezas claves de la articulación pedagógica, pues éstas desempeñan un papel crítico en la capacidad de los estudiantes de ingeniería para prosperar en un mundo en constante cambio.
INTESTINAL PARASITISM IN WORKING HORSES AND ASSOCIATED ZOONOTIC RISKS IN LOWLANDS OF NEPAL
Authors: Adhikari Roshan , Adhikari Dhakal Madhuri , Ghimire Tirth
Published: May 2024

The presence of intestinal parasites influences equines' well-being and working performance. However, the scenario of parasitism in working horses in the lowlands of Nepal is yet to be explored. The present study aimed to reveal the prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths) and to list the zoonotic species in working horses in the lowlands of Nepal. Fresh fecal samples (N=102) from horses were collected at two locations (Chitwan and Birgunj) in the lowlands of Terai and were transferred to the research laboratory. Coproscopy was carried out via direct wet mount, formalin ethyl acetate (FEA) sedimentation, saturated salt flotation, and acid-fast staining techniques. Coproscopy revealed an overall prevalence rate of 90.2% (92/102) with 15 known diverse species of parasites (Protozoa: 5 and Helminths: 10) and an unknown coccidian, out of which eight possess zoonotic potential. The prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites were higher in adult than in young animals (90.7%; 15 spp. vs. 88.9%; 11 spp.) The overall prevalence of helminths was double that of protozoa (89.2% vs. 43.1%). Furthermore, polyparasitism was much more prevalent than monoparasitism (85.3% vs 4.9%). Co-infection with two parasite species (37%) was higher in young horses. In comparison, triplet infection (34%) was higher in adults, and a maximum concurrency of up to six species of parasites at a time was recorded. Following it, the differences in the prevalence rate of parasites based on the predictor of risks, like sex, grazing, domestication type, nature of the floor, and medication practices, were statistically significant. Working horses in the lowlands of Terai harbored a significant variety of intestinal parasites with important prevalence. Since eight of the reported parasitic species were zoonotic, infected horses pose a zoonotic risk to the owners. Therefore, timely deworming, pasture management, and reduction in working pressure are highly recommended.
Fathom: a technology-enhanced learning environment for teaching-learning of expand-reduce skills in software design
Authors: Patil Deepti Reddy , Iyer Sridhar , M. Sasikumar
Published: May 2024

Software design problems are often characterized as ill-structured because the requirements are not clearly defined. These problems offer various solution paths and the criteria used to select the solution may not be known initially. The expertise and experience of designers play a crucial role in determining the quality of software design. Less experienced designers often tend to prematurely narrow down their options to a single solution without fully exploring the problem-solution space. This tendency has a negative impact on the overall quality of software design. Studies have shown that systematically expanding the problem space before reducing to problem formulation and exploring the solution space before reducing it to a single solution (expand-reduce skills) improves the quality of the design. We have designed and developed a technology-enhanced learning environment (TELE) named Fathom for scaffolding expand-reduce (ER) skills in software design problems in a data structures course. In this paper, we present three cycles of design, development, and evaluation of Fathom based on the design-based research (DBR) approach. In the first DBR cycle, we identified and evaluated Fathom’s pedagogical features in learning ER skills. In the second cycle of DBR, the aim was to improve the design of Fathom for the learning and transfer of ER skills. Fathom was revised in the third cycle of the DBR to scaffold metacognitive skills. The main contribution of this research is pedagogical design for facilitating the learning of expand-reduce skills in solving software design problems.
The Problem of Community in Francophone Maghrebian Literature
Authors: Homler Scott
Published: May 2024

By treating six literary texts written by six different authors from the Maghreb, this analysis creates a community linked by its common interrogation on the possibility of community. In creating this space of analytical difference, the article demonstrates how the texts collectively argue the construction of community and how the formation of subjectivity is challenged by its approach to that otherness which, in various guises, emerges from its conceptions of popular unity.
Ibn Ṭabāṭabā on the Perception and Influence of Poetry
Authors: Tüske László
Published: May 2024

An exceptional place in medieval Arabic literary criticism is held by a work that can be seen as a true representation of medieval Arabic poetics in many respects: ʿIyār aš-šiʿr (The Standard of Poetry) by Ibn Ṭabāṭabā al-ʿAlawī (d. 334/933). This study provides a summary of Ibn Ṭabāṭabā’s most significant ideas concerning the creation and characteristics of poetry, particularly focusing on his insights into the reception of poems. Ibn Ṭabāṭabā stands out as the sole known author who paid attention to the reception of poems, basing his inquiries on the functioning of the senses. He formulated an intriguing experiment employing concepts such as ṭarab (joy, pleasure), aryaḥiyya (enthusiasm, rapture, generosity), and iltiḏāḏ (enjoyment, pleasure), which encompass the potential for cognitive acceptance, spiritual joy, and attitude modification. As the author emphasizes, “the [good] poem makes the coward brave”.
Customs, Manners and Beliefs as Reflected by Some Arabic Proverbs and Idioms
Authors: Shivtiel Avihai
Published: May 2024

Proverbs and idioms are part and parcel of the ethos of the area in which they are current, and Arabic proverbs are no exception. However, as Arabic has, since the advent of Islam, been the vernacular of millions of speakers, in three continents, who use scores of Arabic dialects and have many customs, manners and beliefs in common, it is not surprising that we find some of these echoed in the thousands of Arabic proverbs and idioms, which are found in both literary and colloquial Arabic. This paper attempts to trace back certain customs, manners and beliefs which were, and to a certain extent, still are, current among Arabs, as reflected by some Arabic proverbs and idioms.
Appendices to “The Vicissitudes of Two Lines of Poetry”
Authors: Bonebakker Seeger A.
Published: May 2024

This article contains several appendices to a previous article published by the author in The Arabist 17 (1996) under the title “The Vicissitudes of Two Lines of Poetry”. These appendices are intended to shed more light on the authorship of the two qiṭʿas and to make it easier for readers of the earlier article to draw their own conclusions.
O, You Who Ascend the Tree: A Hymn to the Revered Goddess Hathor, Lady of the Sycamore Tree (يا طالع الشجرة: ترنيمة إلى المعبودة حتحور سيدة شجرة الجميز)
Authors: Adly Saber El-
Published: May 2024

The article presents an analysis of sacred trees in modern Egypt, especially the sycamore tree, and its relationship with Hathor, the Ancient Egyptian goddess.
Failaka Island – Kuwait: An Island of al-Ḫiḍr, the Green Man or Elias, the Servant of God
Authors: Rajab Jehan S.
Published: May 2024

Shrines of al-Ḫiḍr are to be found throughout the Middle East. The article describes one of these shrines called Maqām al-Ḫiḍr, which is a major shrine on the north-west side of Failaka Island, just off mainland Kuwait.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF GULMOHAR SEED OIL FROM BULANDSHAHR (U.P.)
Authors: Gupta Alka , Kumar Mukesh
Published: May 2024

Researchers looked into the fatty acid composition and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from Gulmohar seeds in Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh. Using an m-Bondapak C-18 column and a UV/VIS detector, high performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse the fatty acid composition of Gulmohar, and standard methods from the American Oil Chemists Society were used to determine the physico-chemical characteristics. There is a lot of unsaturated acid in the oil. Omega-6, or linoleic acid, is the predominant acid. The main fatty acids detected were oleic and linoalenic acid; small amounts of saturated arachidic acid were also detected
SYNTHESIS OF POLYSTYRENE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS (IBDV)
Authors: Choudhary M K
Published: May 2024

Polymeric nanoparticles are the nanostructured polymers and are more economic, easy to prepare, less toxic and multipurpose as compared to metallic nanoparticles. The investigation undertaken represented the preparation of polystyrene nanoparticles through chemical induced micro–emulsion polymerization of styrene. The negatively charged emulsifier, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used to stabilize the polystyrene nanoparticles. The characterization of prepared polystyrene nanoparticles was done by TEM and FTIR. The resultant nanoparticles were spherical in shape, uniformly distributed and had an average diameter of 75 nm. Polystyrene Nanoparticles ( PSNPs) were immobilised on AT cut quartz crystal to enhance the binding site and efficacy of Quartz Crystal Microbalance ( QCM) based nanobiosensor. The immobilisation of PSNPs on quartz crystal has been studied by SEM. PSNPs have been tested for surface modification during the development of QCM based biosensor for detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The effect of concentration of suspension containing PSNPs in methanol was also studied. The detection of bacteria/virus was done by developed nanobiosensor and crossed check with RK2 antigen (specific to CdRhizobacteria). The observed signal of detachment of Antigen – Antibody complex from the crystal surface is the beauty of present work
STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION STUDIES OF Co(III) AND Ni(II) METAL COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASES
Authors: Chaudhary Vishrut
Published: May 2024

In this paper two types of complexes of Co(III) and Ni(II) with Schiff bases are studied. The synthesis of complexes of above metal ion with 2;4 dihydroxy benzaldehyde isoicotinic acid hydrazide, 4-methyl2, 6 diformyl phenol isonicotic acidhydrazide as primary and thiosalicylic acid (TSA), 2 aminothiophenol (2-ATP) and 2- thiophene acitic acid (2-TPA) as coligand have been reported. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized on basis andlytical spectral and thermal decomposition
DIMETHYL CARBONATE WITH ETHERS:THERMOPHYSICAL STUDY
Authors: Bhumkar Ajit N.
Published: May 2024

Viscosities, densities of liquid-liquid combinations of dimethyl carbonate with (Butyloxy) ethylene, 2- isopropoxypropane, methyl phenyl ether, and 1-Butoxybutane have been calculated through the entire compositions radius at temperatures (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15)K. The empirical values have been employed to measure the deflection in viscosity Δθ, excess Gibb‘s free energy. The excess property has estimated and adapted to the Redlich-Kister polynomials. Their outputs are explained in terms of molecular interactions present in mixtures
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CARBON CHAIN LENGTH ON THE ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS OF AMMONIUM SOAPS IN 2- PROPANOL
Authors: Panwar Arvin
Published: May 2024

Ultrasonic velocity of ammonium soaps, i.e., laurate, myristate, palmitate and stearate have been measured in 2-Propanaol at temperature 308-323K. Acoustic parameters such as: adiabatic compressibility, molar sound velocity, molar sound compressibility intermolecular free length, relative association constant, specific acoustic impedance, salvation number and apparent molar compressibility have been evaluated in order to determine the micellar aggregation of these ammonium soaps. The effects of temperature and carbon chain length on these parameters have been discussed
CHEMICAL TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING PROTEIN CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES
Authors: Tomar Renuka , Tomar Priya
Published: May 2024

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. Their functions often depend on conformational changes, which can be challenging to study using traditional methods. Chemical tools have emerged as powerful instruments for investigating and manipulating protein conformational changes. This paper reviews the diverse array of chemical tools and techniques that enable a deeper understanding of protein dynamics, highlighting their applications and potential implications in various fields of biology, from drug design to structural biology
LOCAL VILLAGE TOURISM: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN MANGER VILLAGE, HARYANA
Authors: Sehrawat Ms. Jyoti , Singh Dr. Anjana
Published: May 2024

The tourism industry in Haryana has a lot of room to grow thanks to the state's diverse array of attractions. One such new attraction point is the Mangar Village in Faridabad, located in the South Delhi Ridge of the Aravalli Mountain, Mangar Bani is a paleolithic archaeological site and sacred grove hill forest next to the Mangar village on the Delhi-Haryana border. The site and the stone tools found from this area date back to 100,000 years ago, and the cave paintings some 20,000-40,000 years ago(Indian Express, 2023) Due to the increased number of tourists in the Mangar area; thanks to its naturescopic views and mountains, local tourism is flourishing, and with that, the local hotels, restaurants, and dhabas are setting a rise in revenue, the present study examines the rise of entrepreneurship spheres in the field of Hospitality in Mangar. This study will also focus on community-based tourism and aimed to understand the villager‟s view on local sustainable Community-based Tourism in Mangar Village, Haryana
5G AND NETWORK SLICING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Nathani Dr. Neeta , Pandey Dr. Vimmi , Ahirwar Jagdeesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

The arrival of 5G technology will trigger an even bigger transformation than it. It will fundamentally improve the data throughput and ultralow latency of current mobile networks, therefore greatly expanding their capacity and reach. However, in a broader sense, 5G will serve as the foundation for several Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) technologies, including telemedicine, drones, virtual reality, augmented reality, and driverless cars. Through 5G, billions of different types of devices will be linked together and provide a level of functionality and user experience that has never been possible before. Our daily operations and way of life will alter forever. Fifth-generation (5G) applications improve services in line with availability, which depends on the significance of urgent situations and client preferences. Managing network traffic is still in high demand since there are so many people wanting to use the numerous services at once during peak times. This demand slows down services, increases network traffic, and limits access to service provider-owned facilities. The availability of 5G slices in network management can be assessed by using the fundamental specifications of the three slice types standardised by the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Internet of Things (IoT), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) 5G slice committees. Through system modelling, rate, latency, and connectivitybased network slicing techniques make these issues simpler. The following three methods can be used to increase availability in response to demand for accessing issues. To boost service availability, which might not be reliant on latency and connectivity, rate levels are given precedence first. In order to enhance service availability, which may not be dependent on rate and connectivity, latency levels are given importance. In order to boost service availability, which may not be reliant on latency and rate, connection levels are given a higher importance. We may use software-defined network (SDN) technology to solve the problems since it allows for flexible settings as users deploy different services and applications. This strategic study article will look at novel slice algorithms of the network traffic system based on software-defined multiple access (SoDeMa) in order to enhance network traffic performance. Based on the average response time to the services, we may boost the availability of 5G slices with the aid of this system modelling