bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Properties of Cl−Uptake Mediated by Na+-Dependent K+-2Cl−Cotransport in Immature Rat Neocortical Neurons
Authors: Achilles Katharina , Okabe Akihito , Ikeda Masahiko , Shimizu-Okabe Chigusa , Yamada Junko , Fukuda Atsuo , Luhmann Heiko J. , Kilb Werner
Published: August 2007

GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult nervous system, evokes depolarizing membrane responses in immature neurons, which are crucial for the generation of early network activity. Although it is well accepted that depolarizing GABA actions are caused by an elevated intracellular Cl−concentration ([Cl−]i), the mechanisms of Cl−accumulation in immature neurons are still a matter of debate. Using patch-clamp, microfluorimetric, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological approaches, we studied the mechanism of Cl−uptake in Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells of immature [postnatal day 0 (P0) to P3] rat neocortex. Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp and 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium-microfluorimetric measurements revealed a steady-state [Cl−]iof ∼30 mmthat was reduced to values close to passive distribution by bumetanide or Na+-free solutions, suggesting a participation of Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransport isoform 1 (NKCC1) in maintaining elevated [Cl−]i. Expression of NKCC1 was found in CR cells on the mRNA and protein levels. To determine the contribution of NKCC1 to [Cl−]ihomeostasis in detail, Cl−uptake rates were analyzed after artificial [Cl−]idepletion. Active Cl−uptake was relatively slow (47.2 ± 5.0 μm/s) and was abolished by bumetanide or Na+-free solution. Accordingly, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed a low Cl−conductance in CR cells. The low capacity of NKCC1-mediated Cl−uptake was sufficient to maintain excitatory GABAergic membrane responses, however, only at low stimulation frequencies. In summary, our results demonstrate that NKCC1 is abundant in CR cells of immature rat neocortex and that the slow Cl−uptake mediated by this transporter is sufficient to maintain high [Cl−]irequired to render GABA responses excitatory.
Spatially Distinct Functional Output Regions within the Central Nucleus of the Inferior Colliculus: Implications for an Auditory Midbrain Implant
Authors: Lim Hubert H. , Anderson David J.
Published: August 2007

The inferior colliculus central nucleus (ICC) has potential as a new site for an auditory prosthesis [i.e., auditory midbrain implant (AMI)] for deaf patients who cannot benefit from cochlear implants (CIs). We have previously shown that ICC stimulation achieves lower thresholds, greater dynamic ranges, and more localized, frequency-specific primary auditory cortex (A1) activation than CI stimulation. However, we also observed that stimulation location along the caudorostral (isofrequency) dimension of the ICC affects thresholds and frequency specificity in A1, suggesting possible differences in functional (output) organization within the ICC. In this study, we electrically stimulated different regions along the isofrequency laminas of the ICC and recorded the corresponding A1 activity in ketamine-anesthetized guinea pigs using multisite probes to systematically assess ICC stimulation location effects. Our results indicate that stimulation of more rostral and somewhat ventral regions within an ICC lamina achieves lower thresholds, smaller discriminable level steps, and larger evoked potentials in A1. We also observed longer first spike latencies, which correlated with reduced spiking precision, when stimulating in more caudal and dorsal ICC regions. These findings suggest that at least two spatially distinct functional output regions exist along an ICC lamina: a caudal–dorsal region and a rostral–ventral region. The AMI will be implanted along the tonotopic axis of the ICC to achieve frequency-specific activation. However, stimulation location along the ICC laminas affects response properties that have shown to be important for speech perception performance, and needs to be considered when implanting future AMI patients.
Indicators of Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: Survey of an Expert Panel With the Delphi Technique
Authors: Wilde Viktoria E , Ford Jon J , McMeeken Joan M
Published: August 2007

Background and Purpose

The lumbar zygapophyseal joints (LZJs) are thought to be a source of low back pain (LBP); however, no valid or reliable indicators exist. The purpose of this study was to obtain a consensus from an expert panel on the indicators of LZJ pain.

Subjects

A multidisciplinary panel of 20 experts in the field of LBP participated in this study.

Methods

A 3-round Delphi survey designed to obtain a consensus on the indicators of LZJ pain was completed by use of accepted protocols. Subjects also were asked to justify their selection of each indicator.

Results

Following the 3 rounds, consensus was achieved, and 12 indicators were identified. Those that reached the highest levels of consensus were a positive response to facet joint injection, localized unilateral LBP, positive medial branch block, pain upon unilateral palpation of the LZJ or transverse process, lack of radicular features, pain eased by flexion, and pain, if referred, located above the knee. Justifications for the experts’ selection of the indicators, predominantly based on pathoanatomical mechanisms, also were described.

Discussion and Conclusion

This Delphi survey identified 12 indicators of LZJ pain, each with an associated pathoanatomical mechanism justifying selection. This survey provides preliminary validation for these indicators, which will be of value in further research into the classification and treatment of LZJ pain.
Practitioner and Organizational Barriers to Evidence-based Practice of Physical Therapists for People With Stroke
Authors: Salbach Nancy M , Jaglal Susan B , Korner-Bitensky Nicol , Rappolt Susan , Davis Dave
Published: August 2007

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify practitioner barriers (education, attitudes and beliefs, interest and perceived role, and self-efficacy) and organizational barriers (perceived support and resources) to physical therapists’ implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) for people with stroke.

Subjects

The participants were 270 physical therapists providing services to people with stroke in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted.

Results

Only half of respondents had learned the foundations of EBP in their academic preparation or received training in searching or appraising research literature. Although 78% agreed that research findings are useful, 55% agreed that a divide exists between research and practice. Almost all respondents were interested in learning EBP skills; however, 50% indicated that physical therapists should not be responsible for conducting literature reviews. Average self-efficacy ratings were between 50% and 80% for searching and appraising the literature and below 50% for critically appraising psychometric properties and understanding statistical analyses. Despite Internet access at work for 80% of respondents, only 8% were given protected work time to search and appraise the literature.

Discussion and Conclusion

Lack of education, negative perceptions about research and physical therapists’ role in EBP, and low self-efficacy to perform EBP activities represent barriers to implementing EBP for people with stroke that can be addressed through continuing education. Organizational provision of access to Web-based resources is likely insufficient to enhance research use by clinicians.
>A Stokes-based spectro-polarimetric analysis of the amplified spontaneous emission in a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Tariaki Mohamad , Boulvert Frédéric , Bentivegna Florian F.L. , Guégan Mikael , Topomondzo Joseph , Sharaiha Ammar , Pellen Fabrice , Le Jeune Bernard
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we present a full spectro-polarimetric characterization of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) emitted from a commercial, strained-bulk Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). A partly polarised, broadband noise source that draws from the same carrier reservoir as the amplified signal, ASE affects the state of polarisation of the overall outgoing signal of a SOA and its polarimetric behaviour is thus of interest. This study was carried out within the frame of the Stokes formalism, which not only allows a determination of the degree of polarisation (DOP) of ASE directly from its Stokes vector, but also gives access to a full, spectrally resolved characterization of its polarised fraction with respect to the applied bias current. Even when that fraction is small, its state of polarisation was shown to be strongly governed by the spectral dependence of the material gain upon polarisation. The same study was performed with a fully polarised signal injected into the SOA.
Selective early cardiolipin peroxidation after traumatic brain injury: an oxidative lipidomics analysis
Authors: Bayir Hülya , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Viner Rosa , Ritov Vladimir , Amoscato Andrew A. , Zhao Qing , Zhang Xiaojing J. , Janesko‐Feldman Keri L. , Alexander Henry , Basova Liana V. , Clark Robert S. B. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Kagan Valerian E.
Published: August 2007

Objective

Enhanced lipid peroxidation is well established in traumatic brain injury. However, its molecular targets, identity of peroxidized phospholipid species, and their signaling role have not been deciphered.

Methods

Using controlled cortical impact as a model of traumatic brain injury, we employed a newly developed oxidative lipidomics approach to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the lipid peroxidation response.

Results

Electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of rat cortical mitochondrial/synaptosomal fractions demonstrated the presence of highly oxidizable molecular species containing C22:6 fatty acid residues in all major classes of phospholipids. However, the pattern of phospholipid oxidation at 3 hours after injury displayed a nonrandom character independent of abundance of oxidizable species and included only one mitochondria‐specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). This selective CL peroxidation was followed at 24 hours by peroxidation of other phospholipids, most prominently phosphatidylserine, but also phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. CL oxidation preceded appearance of biomarkers of apoptosis (caspase‐3 activation, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling–positivity) and oxidative stress (loss of glutathione and ascorbate).

Interpretation

The temporal sequence combined with the recently demonstrated role of CL hydroperoxides (CL‐OOH) in in vitro models of apoptosis suggest that CL‐OOH may be both a key in vivo trigger of apoptotic cell death and a therapeutic target in experimental traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol 2007
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbonaceous Frameworks from a Template of a Mixed Amphiphilic Triblock‐Copolymer System of PEO–PPO–PEO and Reverse PPO–PEO–PPO
Authors: Huang Yan , Cai Huaqiang , Yu Ting , Sun Xiuli , Tu Bo , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: August 2007

A series of highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks with diverse symmetries have been successfully synthesized by using phenolic resols as a carbon precursor and mixed amphiphilic surfactants of poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(propylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) and reverse PPO–PEO–PPO as templates by the strategy of evaporation‐induced organic–organic self‐assembly (EISA). The transformation of the ordered mesostructures from face‐centered (Fd$\bar 3$m) to body‐centered cubic (Im$\bar 3$m), then 2D hexagonal (P6mm), and eventually to cubic bicontinuous (Ia$\bar 3$d) symmetry has been achieved by simply adjusting the ratio of triblock copolymers to resol precursor and the relative content of PEO–PPO–PEO copolymer F127, as confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen‐sorption measurements. The blends of block copolymers can interact with resol precursors and tend to self‐assemble into cross‐linking micellar structures during the solvent‐evaporation process, which provides a suitable template for the construction of mesostructures. The assembly force comes from the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between organic mixed micelles and the resol‐precursor matrix. The BET surface area for the mesoporous carbonaceous samples calcined at 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere is around 600 m2 g−1, and the pore size can be adjusted from 2.8 to 5.4 nm. An understanding of the organic–organic self‐assembly behavior in the mixed amphiphilic surfactant system would pave the way for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with controllable structures.
Focus on function: Single molecule RNA enzymology
Authors: Ditzler Mark A. , Alemán Elvin A. , Rueda David , Walter Nils G.
Published: August 2007

The ability of RNA to catalyze chemical reactions was first demonstrated 25 years ago with the discovery that group I introns and RNase P function as RNA enzymes (ribozymes). Several additional ribozymes were subsequently identified, most notably the ribosome, followed by intense mechanistic studies. More recently, the introduction of single molecule tools has dissected the kinetic steps of several ribozymes in unprecedented detail and has revealed surprising heterogeneity not evident from ensemble approaches. Still, many fundamental questions of how RNA enzymes work at the molecular level remain unanswered. This review surveys the current status of our understanding of RNA catalysis at the single molecule level and discusses the existing challenges and opportunities in developing suitable assays. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 302–316, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of water‐soluble and lipid‐soluble components of danshen in rat plasma using HPLC‐UV method
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Zhang Zhi‐Rong , Fu Hualin , Liu Jie , Chen Qian , Nie Yu , Deng Li , Gong Tao
Published: August 2007

A sensitive and specific HPLC‐UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of major active components of danshen in rat plasma. Both water‐soluble and lipid‐soluble compounds were included, i.e. danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA. Protocatechuic aldehyde and diazepam were used as internal standards. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.025% (v/v) phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Salvianolic acid B, danshensu and internal standards were detected at 281 nm, while the detection of tanshinone IIA was carried out at 272 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.999) within test ranges. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA in plasma were 0.065, 0.043, 0.022, 0.131, 0.085 and 0.044 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the determination and pharmacokinetic study of danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA in rat plasma and the results indicated that this method was reliable for the determination of the major active components of danshen in rat plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of constituents in Stellera chamaejasme L. by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography–diode array detection and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Liang , Lou Zi‐Yang , Zhu Zhen‐Yu , Hai‐Zhang  , Zhang Guo‐Qing , Chai Yi‐Feng
Published: August 2007

A reliable and rapid method based on rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography–diode array detection (RRLC‐DAD) and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF/MS) has been developed for the isolation and characterization of multiple constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L., which was extracted by sonication with methanol in an optimized procedure. Separation of the multiple constituents was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax XDB‐C18 (50 × 3.0 mm i.d.; 1.8 µm) column using a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. Mass spectra were acquired in both positive and negative modes. A formula database of the known chemical constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. was established by an Agilent software. Twenty‐two obvious peaks appeared in the total ion chromatogram and nine of them were characterized by TOF/MS. The RRLC‐DAD and ESI‐TOF/MS method with ultrasonic extraction would be useful for rapid and effective characterization of chemical constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kernel‐based orthogonal projections to latent structures (K‐OPLS)
Authors: Rantalainen Mattias , Bylesjö Max , Cloarec Olivier , Nicholson Jeremy K , Holmes Elaine , Trygg Johan
Published: August 2007

The orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) method has been successfully applied in various chemical and biological systems for modeling and interpretation of linear relationships between a descriptor matrix and response matrix. A kernel‐based reformulation of the original OPLS algorithm is presented where the kernel Gram matrix is utilized as a replacement for the descriptor matrix. This enables usage of the ‘kernel trick’ to efficiently transform the data into a higher‐dimensional feature space where predictive and response‐orthogonal components are calculated. This strategy has the capacity to improve predictive performance considerably in situations where strong non‐linear relationships exist between descriptor and response variables while retaining the OPLS model framework. We put particular focus on describing properties of the rearranged algorithm in relation to the original OPLS algorithm. Four separate problems, two simulated and two real spectroscopic data sets, are employed to illustrate how the algorithm enables separate modeling of predictive and response‐orthogonal variation in the feature space. This separation can be highly beneficial for model interpretation purposes while providing a flexible framework for supervised regression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Dopamine and Tyrosinase Activity on Ion‐Sensitive Field‐Effect Transistor (ISFET) Devices
Authors: Freeman Ronit , Elbaz Johann , Gill Ron , Zayats Maya , Willner Itamar
Published: August 2007

Dopamine (1) and tyrosinase (TR) activities were analyzed by using chemically modified ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) devices. In one configuration, a phenylboronic acid functionalized ISFET was used to analyze 1 or TR. The formation of the boronate–1 complex on the surface of the gate altered the electrical potential associated with the gate, and thus enabled 1 to be analyzed with a detection limit of 7×10−5 M. Similarly, the TR‐induced formation of 1, and its association with the boronic acid ligand allowed a quantitative assay of TR to be performed. In another configuration, the surface of the ISFET gate was modified with tyramine or 1 to form functional surfaces for analyzing TR activities. The TR‐induced oxidation of the tyramine‐ or 1‐functionalized ISFETs resulted in the formation of the redox‐active dopaquinone units. The control of the gate potential by the redox‐active dopaquinone units allowed a quantitative assay of TR to be performed. The dopaquinone‐functionalized ISFETs could be regenerated to give the 1‐modified sensing devices by treatment with ascorbic acid.
Single Crystal of a Prussian Blue Analogue Based on Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate.
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Shiro Motoo , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
La3OCl[AsO3]2: A Lanthanum Oxide Chloride Oxoarsenate(III) with a “Lone‐Pair” Channel Structure.
Authors: Kang Dong‐Hee , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Stannides ScNi1.54(1)Sn and ScNi1.85(1)Sn — Structures, 45Sc NMR and 119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Sebastian C. Peter , Eckert Hellmut , Poettgen Rainer
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Rate, Long‐Life Ni—Sn Nanostructured Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Hassoun Jusef , Panero Stefania , Simon Patrice , Taberna Pierre Louis , Scrosati Bruno
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Significant Low‐Temperature Redox Activity of Ce0.64Zr0.16Bi0.20O1.90 Supported on γ‐Al2O3.
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Masui Toshiyuki , Koyabu Kazuhiko , Minami Keisuke , Egawa Takamasa
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Conjugate Alkenylation of Enones Catalyzed by Chiral Diols.
Authors: Wu T. Robert , Chong J. Michael
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermal Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of Furan: Synthesis of Nitrogen Tetracycles, Isobenzofuran and Isobenzothiophene.
Authors: Karaarslan Muhsin , Gokturk Ersen , Demircan Aydin
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reactions of 1‐Cyclopropyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐ols with Anilines and Water via Allenylidene Intermediates: Selective Preparation of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Conjugated Enynes.
Authors: Yamauchi Yoshihiro , Onodera Gen , Sakata Ken , Yuki Masahiro , Miyake Yoshihiro , Uemura Sakae , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
syn‐Selective Catalytic Asymmetric Nitro‐Mannich Reactions Using a Heterobimetallic Cu—Sm—Schiff Base Complex.
Authors: Handa Shinya , Gnanadesikan Vijay , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemoselective Addition of Organometallics to Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Tavakol Hossein , Zakery Saedeh , Heydari Akbar
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐ versus O‐Arylation of Aminoalcohols: Orthogonal Selectivity in Copper‐Based Catalysts.
Authors: Shafir Alexandr , Lichtor Phillip A. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Trialkylboranes to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Dramatic Enhancement by Addition of Methanol.
Authors: Hirano Koji , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented [2 + 2]‐Cyclodimerization of 1‐Aza‐1,3,4‐trienes: First Representative of 3,4‐Diisopropylidenecyclobutane‐1,2‐dicarbimidothioates.
Authors: Nedolya N. A. , Tarasova O. A. , Albanov A. I. , Ushakov I. A. , Brandsma L.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Reductive [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Allenes and Enones.
Authors: Chang Hong‐Tai , Thatai Thiruvellore Thatai , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Trifluoromethylation of Ammonium Enolates.
Authors: Petrik Vitaliy , Cahard Dominique
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐α‐Ketohydrazones from Silyl Enol Ethers Mediated by Iodobenzene Diacetate.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Syntheses of Sulfides by Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides Using Woollins′ Reagent.
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Woollins J. Derek
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development and Application of a Direct Vinyl Lithiation of cis‐Stilbene and a Directed Vinyl Lithiation of an Unsymmetrical cis‐Stilbene.
Authors: Cotter Juliet , Hogan Anne‐Marie L. , O'Shea Donal F.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladacycle as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ring Opening of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Organozinc Halides.
Authors: Zhang Ting‐Ke , Yuan Ke , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted 1‐Indanones.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Takatsu Keishi , Hayashi Tamio
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General Strategy for the Construction of Enantiopure Pyrrolidine‐Based Alkaloids. Total Synthesis of (—)‐Monomorine.
Authors: Zhang Suhong , Xu Liang , Miao Lei , Shu Hong , Trudell Mark L.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 9‐Arylamino‐ and (Z)‐9‐Arylimino‐9H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles by Reactions of 2‐(Pyrrol‐1‐yl)benzaldehydes with Aryl Amines.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Himei Yasutoshi , Fukamachi Shuhei , Tanmatsu Miyuki , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by the Use of Cyclopropanols as Homoenols.
Authors: Lee Hyung Goo , Lysenko Ivan L. , Cha Jin Kun
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Three‐Component Domino Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Sridharan Vellaisamy , Perumal Paramasivan T. , Avendano Carmen , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselectivity in Diels—Alder Reactions of Diene‐Substituted N‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridines.
Authors: Krow Grant R. , Huang Qiuli , Szczepanski Steven W. , Hausheer Fredrick H. , Carroll Patrick J.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Montmorillonite K‐10 Clay as Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Microwave‐Mediated Solventless Synthesis of Phthalazinetetraones.
Authors: Habibi Davood , Mahmoodi Nosratollah , Marvi Omid
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure—Activity Relationship Studies on anti‐HCV Activity of Ring‐Expanded (“Fat”) Nucleobase Analogues Containing the Imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]diazepine‐4,8‐dione Ring System.
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Ning , Korba Brent E. , Hosmane Ramachandra S.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Silaborative C—C Cleavage of meso‐Methylenecyclopropanes.
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Taniguchi Hiroki , Kondo Yoshiyuki , Suginome Michinori
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stille—Heck Coupling Sequences Applied in a Versatile New Access to Steroid Skeletons.
Authors: Suennemann Hans Wolf , Hofmeister Anja , Magull Joerg , de Meijere Armin
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of N14‐Desacetoxytubulysin H (I).
Authors: Wipf Peter , Wang Zhiyong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereocontrolled Glycoside and Glycosyl Ester Synthesis. Neighboring Group Participation and Hydrogenolysis of 3‐(2′‐Benzyloxyphenyl)‐3,3‐dimethylpropanoates.
Authors: Crich David , Cai Feng
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Diosphenol‐Based Strategy for the Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Terpestacin.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Dong Guangbin , Vance Jennifer A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bispolides, Novel 20‐Membered Ring Macrodiolide Antibiotics from Microbispora.
Authors: Iinuma Hironobu , et al. et al.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Relative and Absolute Configuration of Versipelostatin (I), a Down‐Regulator of Molecular Chaperone GRP78 Expression.
Authors: Park Hae‐Ryong , Chijiwa Shuhei , Furihata Kazuo , Hayakawa Yoichi , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Reactions of Polynuclear Polyhydrido Rare Earth Metal Complexes Containing “(C5Me4SiMe3)LnH2” Units: A New Frontier in Rare Earth Metal Hydride Chemistry
Authors: Hou Zhaomin , Nishiura Masayoshi , Shima Takanori
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Key Green Chemistry Research Areas — A Perspective from Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
Authors: Dunn Peter J. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Development of Regio‐ and Stereoselective Aminohalogenation Reaction of Alkenes
Authors: Li Guigen , Kotti S. R. S. Saibabu , Timmons Cody
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ketene
Authors: Tidwell T. T.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Bioreactive Peptides and Depsipeptides from Marine Opisthobranch Molluscs
Authors: Della Monica C. , Della Sala G. , De Riccardis F. , Izzo I. , Spinella A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Langmuir—Blodgett Patterning: A Bottom—Up Way to Build Mesostructures over Large Areas
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Lenhert Steven , Hirtz Michael , Lu Nan , Fuchs Harald , Chi Lifeng
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐State Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy of Membranes
Authors: Brown Michael F. , Lope‐Piedrafita Silvia , Martinez Gary V. , Petrache Horia I.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective behavior of a novel biodegradable racemic ketoprofen injectable implant in rats
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Hao , Yin Li‐Na , Liang Ze‐Hua , Lu Si‐Jie , Zeng Su
Published: August 2007

The stereoselectivity of release of ketoprofen (KET) enantiomers from a biodegradable injectable implant containing racemic KET (rac‐KET) was investigated in vivo. A pre‐column chiral derivatization RP‐HPLC method was employed to assay diastereoisomeric derivatives of R‐ and S‐KET. The rac‐KET injectable implant, once injected subcutaneously in rats, produced long‐lasting plasma levels of S‐KET, which were always greater than those of R‐KET. The difference in enantiomer concentration was to be related to stereoselective release, due to stereoselective interaction between D,L‐PLG in the implant and KET enantiomers, as well as the chiral inversion of KET in vivo. The rac‐KET injectable implant provided the sustained release of S‐KET with effective plasma levels maintained for about 8 wk after a single injection. Chirality 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sept12 is a component of the mammalian sperm tail annulus
Authors: Steels Jonathan D. , Estey Mathew P. , Froese Carol D. , Reynaud Dénis , Pace‐Asciak Cecil , Trimble William S.
Published: August 2007

Since their essential role in cytokinesis was first shown in yeast, the septins have been described to function in diverse cellular contexts. The members of this unique class of GTPases are capable of binding and hydrolyzing GTP, associating with membranes and oligomerizing into higher order structures. Here we describe Sept12, a novel septin, identified in a yeast two hybrid screen using Sept5 as the bait. Sept12 contains the primary sequence elements of a septin and is capable of interacting with other septins. In addition, Sept12 purifies with bound nucleotide and binds to phosphoinositides, confirming its identity as a septin. RT‐PCR and Northern blots reveal that Sept12 mRNA is expressed predominantly in testis, and this is supported by tissue Western blots. In rats, Sept12 protein levels rise upon sexual maturity and the Sept12 protein colocalizes with the annulus in isolated mature spermatozoa. Further, coexpression of Sept12 with Sept4, an essential annulus component, results in complete colocalization of both proteins into robust and highly curved filaments in CHO cells. This study suggests Sept12 may be involved in mammalian fertility. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Versatile fluorescent probes for actin filaments based on the actin‐binding domain of utrophin
Authors: Burkel Brian M. , von Dassow George , Bement William M.
Published: August 2007

Actin filaments (F‐actin) are protein polymers that undergo rapid assembly and disassembly and control an enormous variety of cellular processes ranging from force production to regulation of signal transduction. Consequently, imaging of F‐actin has become an increasingly important goal for biologists seeking to understand how cells and tissues function. However, most of the available means for imaging F‐actin in living cells suffer from one or more biological or experimental shortcomings. Here we describe fluorescent F‐actin probes based on the calponin homology domain of utrophin (Utr‐CH), which binds F‐actin without stabilizing it in vitro. We show that these probes faithfully report the distribution of F‐actin in living and fixed cells, distinguish between stable and dynamic F‐actin, and have no obvious effects on processes that depend critically on the balance of actin assembly and disassembly. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myosin II and Rho kinase activity are required for melanosome aggregation in fish retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Barsoum I. B. , King‐Smith C.
Published: August 2007

In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of fish, melanosomes (pigment granules) migrate long distances through the cell body into apical projections in the light, and aggregate back into the cell body in the dark. RPE cells can be isolated from the eye, dissociated, and cultured as single cells in vitro. Treatment of isolated RPE cells with cAMP or the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), stimulates melanosome aggregation, while cAMP or OA washout in the presence of dopamine triggers dispersion. Previous studies have shown that actin filaments are both necessary and sufficient for aggregation and dispersion of melanosomes within apical projections of isolated RPE. The role of myosin II in melanosome motility was investigated using the myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin, and a specific rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, H‐1152. Blebbistatin and H‐1152 partially blocked melanosome aggregation triggered by cAMP in dissociated, isolated RPE cells and isolated sheets of RPE. In contrast, neither drug affected melanosome dispersion. In cells exposed to either blebbistatin or H‐1152, then triggered to aggregate using OA, melanosome aggregation was completely inhibited. These results demonstrate that (1) melanosome aggregation and dispersion occur through different, actin‐dependent mechanisms; (2) myosin II and ROCK activity are required for full melanosome aggregation, but not dispersion; (3) partial aggregation that occurred despite myosin II or ROCK inhibition suggests a second component of aggregation that is dependent on cAMP signaling, but independent of ROCK and myosin II. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and characterisation of gadolinium samarium oxalate single crystals
Authors: Korah I. , Joseph C. , Ittyachan M. A.
Published: August 2007

Single crystals of Gadolinium Samarium Oxalate (GSO) are grown by gel method. The crystals are pale yellowish in colour. Morphology and size of the crystals are found to depend on pH of the medium, gel density, concentration of the reactants and acidity of the feed solution. The crystallinity of the grown sample was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies and the lattice parameters were determined. X‐ray diffractogram shows well defined peaks. IR spectrum confirms the presence of water molecules and carboxylic group. EDAX analysis confirms the presence of Gd and Sm in the sample. The thermal decomposition behaviour of the crystal was analysed using TGA and DTA studies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dendritic grain growth simulation in weld molten pool based on CA‐FD model
Authors: Zhan X. H. , Dong Z. B. , Wei Y. H. , Xu Y. L.
Published: August 2007

The finite difference model is coupled with a cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate dendrite growth in TIG (tungsten inert‐gas) weld molten pool of nickel‐based alloys. Based on the macro finite difference computation of the thermal field of the whole weldment, the micro CA model is used to simulate grain formation process in 2‐dimension area within weld molten pool. The results illustrate that the complicated thermal field and solute field can lead to complex grain morphologies in weld molten pool. The primary dendrite spacing changes during welding solidification process and the final primary dendrite spacing is decided by the thermal field, solute field and other parameters. And it is indicated that the grain boundary segregation has important relationship with welding speed. The grain boundary segregations become more severe as the welding speed increases when the other parameters are kept unchanged. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global patterning of the vertebrate mesoderm
Authors: Winslow Benjamin Britton , Takimoto‐Kimura Ryoko , Burke Ann Campbell
Published: August 2007

We describe recent advances in the understanding of patterning in the vertebrate post‐cranial mesoderm. Specifically, we discuss the integration of local information into global level information that results in the overall coordination along the anterioposterior axis. Experiments related to the integration of the axial and appendicular musculoskeletal systems are considered, and examples of genetic interactions between these systems are outlined. We emphasize the utility of the terms primaxial and abaxial as an aid to understanding development of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system, and hypothesize that the lateral somitic frontier is a catalyst for evolutionary change. Developmental Dynamics 236:2371–2381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bmp2 is required for migration but not for induction of neural crest cells in the mouse
Authors: Correia Ana Catarina , Costa Marta , Moraes Filipa , Bom Joana , Nóvoa Ana , Mallo Moisés
Published: August 2007

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for neural crest development in several vertebrates. Genetic experiments in the mouse have shown that Bmp2 is essential for the genesis of migratory neural crest cells. Using several markers and a transgenic reporter approach, we now show that neural crest cells are induced in Bmp2 null mutant embryos, but that these cells fail to migrate out of the neural tube. The absence of migratory neural crest cells in these mutants is not due to their elimination by cell death. The neuroectoderm of Bmp2−/− embryos fail to close and create abnormal folds both along the anterior–posterior and medio–lateral axes, which are associated with an apparent medio–lateral expansion of the neural tube. Finally, our data suggest that the molecular cascade downstream of BMP signaling in early neural crest development may be different in mouse and avian embryos. Developmental Dynamics 236:2493–2501, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shb null allele is inherited with a transmission ratio distortion and causes reduced viability in utero
Authors: Kriz Vitezslav , Mares Jaroslav , Wentzel Parri , Funa Nina S. , Calounova Gabriela , Zhang Xiao‐Qun , Forsberg‐Nilsson Karin , Forsberg Maud , Welsh Michael
Published: August 2007

SHB is an Src homology 2 domain‐containing adapter protein that has been found to be involved in numerous cellular responses. We have generated an Shb knockout mouse. No Shb−/− pups or embryos were obtained on the C57Bl6 background, indicating an early defect as a consequence of Shb‐ gene inactivation on this genetic background. Breeding heterozygotes for Shb gene inactivation (Shb+/−) on a mixed genetic background (FVB/C57Bl6/129Sv) reveals a distorted transmission ratio of the null allele with reduced numbers of Shb+/+ and Shb−/− animals, but increased number of Shb+/− animals. The Shb− allele is associated with various forms of malformations, explaining the relative reduction in the number of Shb−/− offspring. Shb−/− animals that were born were viable, fertile, and showed no obvious defects. However, Shb+/− female mice ovulated preferentially Shb− oocytes explaining the reduced frequency of Shb+/+ mice. Our study suggests a role of SHB during reproduction and development. Developmental Dynamics 236:2485–2492, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights from sharks: Evolutionary and developmental models of fin development
Authors: Cole Nicholas J. , Currie Peter D.
Published: August 2007

The shark and its embryology have recently returned to the spotlight as a model animal in the quest to determine the origins of paired appendages during vertebrate evolution. As the most basal living gnathostomes, sharks and other extant chondrichthyans are ideal models to elucidate the developmental mechanisms utilised in mesoderm‐derived primitive fin morphologies. Chondrichthyans occupy a phylogenetic position and possess morphological structures that can answer major questions on the origin of the body plan of vertebrates. This review will outline the past, present, and future use of shark species as a model system with particular emphasis on the recent studies that have utilised comparative molecular embryology of chondrichthyan species to examine the question of the origin of the paired fins. We will also examine the problems and pitfalls of utilising chondrichthyans and the barriers that remain to their utilisation in the modern era of developmental biology. Developmental Dynamics 236:2421–2431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.