bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching about Propaganda: An Examination of the Historical Roots of Media Literacy
Authors:   University of Rhode Island, Hobbs Renee
Published: April 2022

Contemporary propaganda is ubiquitous in our culture today as public relations and marketing efforts have become core dimensions of the contemporary communication system, affecting all forms of personal, social and public expression. To examine the origins of teaching and learning about propaganda, we examine some instructional materials produced in the 1930s by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA), which popularized an early form of media literacy that promoted critical analysis in responding to propaganda in mass communication, including in radio, film and newspapers. They developed study guides and distributed them widely, popularizing concepts from classical rhetoric and expressing them in an easy-to-remember way. In this paper, we compare the popular list of seven propaganda techniques (with terms like “glittering generalities” and “bandwagon”) to a less well-known list, the ABC’s of Propaganda Analysis. While the seven propaganda techniques, rooted in ancient rhetoric, have endured as the dominant approach to explore persuasion and propaganda in secondary English education, the ABC’s of Propaganda Analysis, with its focus on the practice of personal reflection and life history analysis, anticipates some of the core concepts and instructional practices of media literacy in the 21st century. Following from this insight, we see evidence of the value of social reflection practices for exploring propaganda in the context of formal and informal learning. Crowdsourcing may help create increased informational clarity for consumers because ambiguous, incomplete, blurry and biased information actually inspires us to have conversations, share ideas, and listen to each other as a means to find truth.
Diagnóstico del uso de las TIC en una telesecundaria rural de Yucatán, México
Authors: Heredia Soberanis Norma Graciella , Quiñonez Pech Sergio Humberto
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este diagnóstico fue identificar y analizar el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) que hacen los jóvenes de una telesecundaria en una comunidad rural del estado Yucatán. Este estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo de tipo transversal y contó con la participación de 28 estudiantes. Se utilizó un instrumento de ejecución típica cuya confiabilidad se calculó mediante el alfa de Cronbach (0.751). Los resultados se discuten dentro del marco de los documentos oficiales: Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares (2020) y el 17º Estudio sobre los Hábitos de los Usuarios de Internet en México (2021). Entre los hallazgos importantes están que los adolescentes de la comunidad utilizan el teléfono celular como tecnología por excelencia para su vida diaria y el acceso a internet lo obtienen a través de tarjetas de prepago. Asimismo, la red social más utilizada para ellos es Facebook. También se pudo comprobar el desconocimiento que tuvieron los encuestados respecto a cuestiones éticas al navegar por Internet y en cuanto al ciberacoso.
A Project-Based Assessment Model of English for Senior High School Grade X
Authors: Hanardi Levyn Gracia
Published: April 2022

Related to the implementation of the Curriculum 2013, project-based learning becomes one of the learning models that should be implemented in teaching and learning activities. Hence,outcome-based assessment and authentic assessment are considered appropriate model forproject-based learning because they are based on activities that represent a real-life setting.The purpose of this article is to develop an alternative model of project-based assessmentsthat are related to the implementation of the Curriculum 2013. This model is related to thebasic competences and objective of the lesson unit. Designed from concepts of project-basedlearning, authentic assessmemnt and outcome-based assessment, this project-basedassessment model can be one example of improvement of life quality in English languagelearning. It is hoped that the project-based assessment model will improve a betterunderstanding of the needs of students because it offers students opportunity to investigateand discover authentic topics of interest. Using this model of project-based assessment,students engagement in learning process can be improved.Keywords: project-based assessment, outcome-based assessment, authentic assessment gradeX of senior high school.
The Implementation Model of a Diagnostic Test for English Teachers
Authors: . Sutanti
Published: April 2022

Professionalism in teaching is one of the key factors in the success of an English education program. To keep the teachers? professionalism, a refresher program is needed to beconducted to improve teachers? competence. To map out the area of teachers? competencewhich should be refreshed, a diagnostic test needs designing. After a diagnostic test has beenmade, the implementation should also be well-conducted to get the representative result.Therefore, this study aims to design an alternative implementation model of a diagnostic testfor English teacher. The questionnaire and focus group discussion results show that theproposed model is an appropriate diagnostic test implementation model for teachers. Keywords: implementation model, diagnostic test, refresher program
Self-Reflection Model for English Teachers to Improve Teaching Competences
Authors: Ratnaningsih Paskalina Widiastuti
Published: April 2022

Reflection is an integral part of evaluation. It explores human being?s experiences of whathave been done. The aim of this research is to discover the conceptual model andtheempirical model of self-reflection model for English teachers. It is hoped that the Englishteachers be more efficient in teaching.Reflection is alsoable to dig out the transcendentmeaning of human experience. As a teacher, reflection is used in order to look back at theexperience in teaching in order to have better teaching for self-actualization. The teachersbecome aware of their experiences and do self-reflection. This project focuses on researchand development. The research results are the conceptual model adapted from two existingmodels and the empirical model of teacher?s self reflection which provides criteria ofteaching competences. They are pedagogy, personality, social, and professional competencesto reflect and integrated in 2013 curriculum. 2013 curriculum is used since it is the newestformal basis for teaching and learning. The teachers reflect their lived experience of thosecompetences for self-improvement and make progress of their teaching.Keywords: reflection, efficiency, self-actualization, English teachers, teaching competences,2013 Curriculum, self-improvement
Translating Theory of English into Indonesian and Vice-Versa
Authors: Apriyanti Teti , Wulandari Heidy , Safitri Marita , Dewi Novita
Published: April 2022

The present study is aimed at providing translating theory of English into Indonesian and vice versa. In achieving the aim, content analysis of expressive (poem), informative (report andacademic), and vocative text (advertisement) is applied. The analysis is based on threeaspects consisting of grammatical structure, cultural words, and writing mechanic. The resultshows that the translator needs to adapt the grammatical structure, cultural words, and writingmechanic of source language into target language. However, there are exceptions in culturalwords and capitalization. In translating from English into Indonesian especially in academictext, some English words are assimilated into Indonesian (foreignization). In translatingIndonesian poem into English, the target text capitalization imitates source textcapitalization. Besides, for the purpose of attractiveness, persuasion, and effectiveness intranslating Indonesian advertisement into English, different words are prefered but themeaning is retained. Keywords: translating theory, English, Indonesian
Transitivity in Linguistics Abstracts Papers of 2nd LLTC by ELESP
Authors: Sari Christine Permata , Sari Maria Evita
Published: April 2022

In linguistic field, transitivity is widely used to analyze newspaper, short stories, novels or other discourses to construe the ideology of the discourses. This research aims to analyze the transitivity processes in abstracts. The data are obtained from abstract papers submitted in 2nd LLTC held by ELESP Sanata Dharma University. The data are analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative methods since the research provides the descriptive analysis based on the percentage of occurrence of the findings. There are five abstracts chosen randomly from twenty linguistics abstracts. The results show that (1) there are six transitivity processes analyzed; material (62.4%), relational (24.7%), verbal (5.4%), mental (4.3%), behavior (3.2%), existential (1.1%) and (2) there thirteen circumstantial elements with the highest percentage is place (54.4%), and the least are frequency, commutative, and matter (1.3% for each). This research can be the initial state of conducting a research on transitivity process and circumstantial elements in abstracts.Keywords: transitivity, abstract
Interrogating Canonical World English Literature: Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Authors: Indriyanto Kristiawan
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to chart how literary work of non-Western origin is incorporated into World English Literature by giving example of two Chinese Classic Novels. Among the Chinese Classic Novels, Journey to the West is the novel that achieves wider popularity among Western scholars and canonized while other Chinese Classic Novels are not as popular especially among Western academia. The different reception is related also with how both novels are circulated, translated, and adapted from Chinese into English. The emphasis of this paper is to compare the issue of circulation, translation, and adaptation between Journey to the Westand Romance of the Three Kingdoms as another Chinese Classic Novel. By comparing different issues of how both novels enter the Western World, this paper hopes to have an insight regarding how these two novels have different popularity among academic scholars.Keywords: charting World English Literature, Chinese classics novels
The Pursuit of Existential Meaning and Social Justice in Naguib Mahfouz�s Three Short Stories: �Zaabalawi�, �A Day for Saying Goodbye�, and �The Answer is No�
Authors: Sutanto Dian Natalia , Mendorofa Melania Prischa , Apriyanti Teti
Published: April 2022

Mahfouzs literary fame is mainly based on his novels which become the main source for the critics to understand his whole literary visions. Mahfouzs short stories, on the other hand, are considered secondarily valuable by the critics as the remainder of the ideas from his novels. This paper proposes that Mahfouzs short stories are as important as his novels in a sense that they highlights or magnify particular aspects of Mahfouzs visions. From the analysis of three Mahfouzs short stories entitled Zaabalawi, A Day for Saying Goodbye, and The Answer is No, some of his essential themes and literary visions, which developed further in his novel, are identified. In Zaabalawi, the persistence in maintaining hope of finding meaningful life in spite of the persisting tragedy in human life is emphasized by Mahfouz. In A Day for Saying Goodbye, Mahfouz depicts the futility of modernity without adherence to religious values. In The Answer is No, by depicting the shift of gender relations and accomodating the marginalized womens resistence to patriarchy, Mahfouz encourages the reformation of unjust societal structure. Keywords: womens resistance, existential meaning, social justice
Purifying the 1920s Southern American Society: The Grotesque in Flannery O�Connor�s �A Good Man is Hard to Find�
Authors: Windriani Dian
Published: April 2022

Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find (1953) criticizes the experience of humans isolation, vanity, and disillusionment in Southern America under political instability, dictatorial regime, hypocrisy of the church and high number of poverty that can lead to the crisis of faith and humanity in peoples life. By presenting the violence, horror, and emotional freak in the story, OConnor wishes that the characters can come to their self-realization upon their faith and humanity. This paper finds out that the portrayal of grotesque character in A Good Man is Hard to Find can be seen as a mechanism to purify the Southern American society in the twentieth century that has already been far away from their religious belief.Keywords: Grotesque, Purification, Southern America, Flannery OConnor
Questioning Bourdieusian Symbolic Violence on Lesbian Characters in Ayu Utami�s Saman and Djenar Mahesa Ayu�s Nayla
Authors: F Fahruddin , Angelinawati Desca
Published: April 2022

LGBTIQ has become a controversial topic concerning ones sexual preference over the past few years in Indonesia. Indonesian sexuality will always intersect with the norms, religious values and the state laws. Therefore, this phenomenon is socially binding as it restricts the identity construction of differing sexual preferences in Indonesia. The issue about sexuality particularly LGBTIQ is addressed in several Indonesian literature, given the significant and notable increase in Indonesian novels with LGBTIQ themes since 2000s. Taking the novels of Ayu Utamis Saman and Djenar Mahesa Ayus Nayla as the objects of investigation, this study examines (1) how Bourdieusian symbolic violence is being questioned in the novels (2) how these novels also challenge the hetero-normativity in Indonesia. The study reveals the symbolic violence towards the lesbian characters in the selected novels through the process of normalisation. However, by raising the issues of lesbianism, the novels and their circulation can somehow be seen as a form of resistance towards the Indonesian homophobic society.Keywords: symbolic violence, Indonesian novels, lesbianism, heteronormativity
The Use of Edmodo for Teaching Reading in a Blended-Learning Classroom
Authors: Lukitasari Desy Rizki , Febriyana Valentina Andantin , Gloria Earlyn
Published: April 2022

The process of teaching and learning in the 21st century is complex. Todays students, who are millennials, may consider the traditional face-to-face classroom setting to be boring and not really motivating anymore. Teachers are required to attend to each students needs and are expected to keep up with what is relevant to todays learning. With the advancement of technology, blended-learning is expected to be one of the solutions. It is when technology is integrated with the teaching and learning process. Hence, this paper discusses how an educational network platform, Edmodo, can be used and is helpful for the blended-learning classroom, as well as the advantages teachers and students can get from using it in teaching reading.
The Ability of 10th-Grade Students to Use Past Tenses in Writing Narrative Text in SMA Kartika Jaya 1-4 Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sianturi Betty
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to investigate how well the 10th-grade students in SMA Kartika Jaya 1-4 Pematangsiantar able to use past tenses in writing a narrative text. This paper uses descriptive quantitative method in which the data is the students narrative text consisting 20 verbs in past tense and past perfect tense. Based on the investigation, it is found that the 10th-grade students in SMA Kartika Jaya 1-4 Pematangsiantar are able to use past tenses in writing narrative text and their ability is in the medium level. There is one student in the highest level or 2.86%, the students who are able at the medium level ability are thirty students or 85.72%, and the students who are able at the lowest level ability are four students or 11.42%. The mean is 67.57 and standard deviation is 14.46 where the validity is 0.79 and the reliability is 0.88. By conducting this study, it is expected the teachers get insight about measuring students ability using past tenses in writing a narrative text.Keywords: writing, narrative text, past tense, past perfect tense
An Analysis of Politeness Strategy Done by North Koreans Seen in “My Brothers And Sisters in the North” Documentary
Authors: Handayani Widi
Published: April 2022

It is a study on politeness strategy proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). It focuses on the utterances spoken by North Koreans. Negative and positive politeness strategy are found in the study. North Koreans perform negative politeness when dealing with the things related to works or their leaders. It shows by the use of the word “please” to give a command, pronoun “we” to indicate exclusiveness which exclude the host as a person comes from different land, pronoun “our” to show their possession towards a particular things, and the use of specific names to refer to their leaders. It is applied to present their professionalism towards their works and loyalty to their leaders. It aims to create distant to people outside the country in dealing anything related to the nation. Positive politeness is used to reveal their solidarity towards the host. It indicates that they share the same origin and personalities. It functions to convey their feelings to the host towards particular things. Telling their feelings to people from different place suggests that they trust the host and want her to understand them. It gives an affirmation that even they live in isolation, they can be close to people they barely meet.
Revisiting Alu of The Swamp Dwellers by Soyinka and Views by Beauvoir in The Second Sex: Unifying Humanity Versus Feminist Separatism
Authors: Uddin Md. Abu Saleh Nizam
Published: April 2022

This paper concentrates on a comparative study between Alu of the drama The Swamp Dwellers by Soyinka and the Feminist views of Beauvoir in The Second Sex while the areas of the drama so far explored and discussed are native narrative, political views, decline through modernization, moral-spiritual standpoint, family bonding and human-nature tie. In the drama, if the vital role played by Alu is construed, she appears as a woman figure of infinite capaciousness with her duties, responsibilities, feelings, commitments, rights and privileges in family and society. Alu succeeds because her human-centric Yoruba tradition gives support to her family-centric biology and psychology. But contrary to Alu, Feminist views disseminated by Beauvoir in The Second Sex embark on the estrangement of women from family and humanity. Thus, the paper seeks to unearth how Alu of Yoruba tradition harmonizes and unifies humanity through her role in family and society while Feminism of Beauvoir opposes them and wishes women to be separated. In this qualitative research of thematic analysis method, Family Systems Theory and Religious Humanism Theory were applied. By recommending for women the re-introduction of traditional human-centric life in family and society, this research may contribute to women’s emancipation from misery.
Pragmatics Analysis on Anger Expression in #IndonesiaTerserah on Twitter
Authors: Ulrikayanti Gabey Faustena
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to identify the intention and pragmalinguistic forms of anger expression in tweets using #IndonesiaTerserah on November 15th, 2020. A corpus of 30 tweets is analyzed within pragmatic analysis framework. In analyzing the data, the illocutionary acts and pragmalinguistics forms of the tweets are the focus. The interpretation entails the analysis of text, addressing, and the identification of connotative meanings. The data are collected using Twitter Archiver Programme (API). An underlying assumption for choosing the time frame is the hashtag reached the highest trending in Indonesia as response to two mass gathering incidents in Soekarno Hatta airport on 10 November 2020, and Petamburan on 14 November 2020. Based on the findings of illocutionary act, the intention of using #IndonesiaTerserah in the tweets mostly is to state the fact and elaborate their opinions regarding the issues. The irritated feeling dominates the intention of using #IndonesiaTerserah. However, they also express expectation to the stakeholders to handle the issues in a better way. Based on the findings on pragmalinguistics forms, anger is expressed in thinly veiled form of cynical humor in order to make their message more straightforward to the addressees.
Mise à l’essai de l’outil CANRISK au sein de l’autorité sanitaire Vancouver Coastal Health
Authors: Papineau D. , Fong M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Dans le cadre du programme de promotion des modes de vie sains (Healthy Living Program), l’autorité sanitaire Vancouver Coastal Health a lancé la présente étude pilote pour tester et valider le questionnaire d’évaluation du risque de diabète à l’intention des Canadiens (CANRISK) élaboré par l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada en tant qu’outil de dépistage du prédiabète et du diabète sucré (DS) de type 2 non diagnostiqué. Les principaux objectifs consistaient à vérifier la faisabilité et l’acceptabilité du dépistage au moyen de l’outil CANRISK au sein des différents groupes ethniques en milieu urbain, à sensibiliser davantage la population aux facteurs de risque de DS et de prédiabète et à élaborer des ressources permettant de changer les modes de vie.

Méthodologie

Les participants à cette étude ont été recrutés par le biais de groupes communautaires et confessionnels, de cliniques de soins primaires, de courriels intraorganisationnels et par bouche-à-oreille. Ils ont tous rempli le questionnaire CANRISK et passé une épreuve d’hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale (HGPO), soit individuellement, soit avec leur groupe. Les groupes ont pris part à une brève séance d’information sur la prévention du diabète, et des documents encourageant le changement de mode de vie ont été distribués à tous les participants.

Résultats

Les participants (n = 556) ont été recrutés au sein des groupes ethniques suivants : Asie orientale, Blancs, Asie méridionale et Amérique latine. Dix-sept pour cent d’entre eux ont obtenu des résultats à l’épreuve d’HGPO correspondant au prédiabète et 3 % au DS. Plus de 90 % des participants ont déclaré que la formulation du questionnaire CANRISK était claire et qu’ils avaient obtenu des renseignements utiles sur la façon de réduire leur risque d’être atteint de diabète.

Conclusion

L’utilisation d’une épreuve d’HGPO a eu pour avantage de permettre d’identifier les 11 % de participants de l’échantillon présentant une intolérance au glucose (IG), mais dont les résultats du test de glycémie plasmatique à jeun (GPJ) étaient normaux. Tous les participants dont les résultats de laboratoire étaient anormaux ont pu prendre part à des interventions éducatives de suivi dans leur langue.
2008 Niday Perinatal Database quality audit: report of a quality assurance project
Authors: Dunn S. , Bottomley J. , Ali A. , Walker M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

This quality assurance project was designed to determine the reliability, completeness and comprehensiveness of the data entered into Niday Perinatal Database.

Methods

Quality of the data was measured by comparing data re-abstracted from the patient record to the original data entered into the Niday Perinatal Database. A representative sample of hospitals in Ontario was selected and a random sample of 100 linked mother and newborn charts were audited for each site. A subset of 33 variables (representing 96 data fields) from the Niday dataset was chosen for re-abstraction.

Results

Of the data fields for which Cohen’s kappa statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCC) was calculated, 44% showed substantial or almost perfect agreement (beyond chance). However, about 17% showed less than 95% agreement and a kappa or ICC value of less than 60% indicating only slight, fair or moderate agreement (beyond chance).

Conclusion

Recommendations to improve the quality of these data fields are presented.
Identifying potentially eligible subjects for research: paper-based logs versus the hospital administrative database
Authors: Magee L.A. , Massey K. , von Dadelszen P. , Fazio M. , Payne B. , Liston R.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The Canadian Perinatal Network (CPN) is a national database focused on threatened very pre-term birth. Women with one or more conditions most commonly associated with very pre-term birth are included if admitted to a participating tertiary perinatal unit at 22 weeks and 0 days to 28 weeks and 6 days.

Methods

At BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, we compared traditional paper-based ward logs and a search of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) electronic database of inpatient discharges to identify patients.

Results

The study identified 244 women potentially eligible for inclusion in the CPN admitted between April and December 2007. Of the 155 eligible women entered into the CPN database, each method identified a similar number of unique records (142 and 147) not ascertained by the other: 10 (6.4%) by CIHI search and 5 (3.2%) by ward log review. However, CIHI search achieved these results after reviewing fewer records (206 vs. 223) in less time (0.67 vs. 13.6 hours for ward logs).

Conclusion

Either method is appropriate for identification of potential research subjects using gestational age criteria. Although electronic methods are less time-consuming, they cannot be performed until after the patient is discharged and records and charts are reviewed. Each method’s advantages and disadvantages will dictate use for a specific project.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BERBASIS LECTORA INSPIRE PADA PEMBELAJARAN KOREKSI BENTUK WAJAH
Authors: Tobing Marnala , Irena Devy , Sari Dian Maya , Vebibina Almaida
Published: April 2022

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media berbasis lectora yang layak digunakan pada materi koreksi bentuk wajah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah research and development (R&D) yang dimana dibatasi pada tahapannya berdasarkan dengan tujuan penelitian, yaitu: (1) analisis kebutuhan; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) desain produk; (4) validasi ahli materi dan media dan produk akhir. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Tata Kecantikan SMK AKP Galang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuestioner. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan : (1) Uji ahli materi, (2) Uji ahli media. Hasil perolehan nilai rata-rata uji coba produk sebesar 92,3% dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Kata kunci: media pembelajaran, lectora inspire, koreksi bentuk wajah Abstract : This research aims to produce lectora-based media products that are worth using in facial shape correction materials. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) which is limited to its stages based on the purpose of research, namely: (1) needs analysis; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) validation of material and media experts and the final product. The subject of this study is a student of class X Tata Beauty SMK AKP Galang. Research instruments use a cookie sheet. The data analysis techniques in this study use quantitative descriptive. The results of the study are based on: (1) Test material experts, (2) Test media experts. The average product trial score was 92.3% with an "excellent" category. Keywords: learning media, lectora inspire, correction of face shape
REGULARITIES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INTERACTION IN THE QUASIBINARY SYSTEMS BASED ON THE TERNARY HALIDES Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) AND K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6): EXPLANATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BOND VALENCE MODEL
Authors: Sidey V.I.
Published: April 2022

The work is the first attempt to employ the bond valence model (BVM) in the explanation and interpretation of the phase diagrams observed for the quasibinary systems based on the ternary halides Rb3(Cs3)Sb2(Bi2)Br9(I9) (A3B2X9) and K2(Rb2,Cs2,Tl2)TeBr6(I6) (A2BX6) belonging to the structural family of perovskite. The most characteristic features of the phase diagrams of such systems are (a) a monotonic increase in the melting and crystallization temperatures when the smaller A atom is replaced by a larger chemical analogue; (b) a gradual decrease in the melting and crystallization temperatures when the bromine atoms are replaced by iodine atoms, reaching the temperature minimum at a molar ratio of ~1 : 1, and then an increase of the temperatures to the pure iodine component of the system. With the isostructurality of the starting components, in case (a) a continuous series of solid solutions (CSSS) of substitution is formed, without a temperature minimum; if the starting components belong to different structural types, then a peritectic interaction with the wide concentration limits of solid solutions is observed. Under the same conditions concerning the isostructurality/non-isostructurality of starting components, in case (b), correspondingly, either a CSSS of substitution with a temperature minimum is formed or eutectic interaction with the wide concentration limits of solid solutions is observed.

Within the framework of the BVM, in case (a) a monotonic increase of the melting and crystallization temperatures when replacing a smaller atom A with a larger analogue can be interpreted as a consequence of reducing the deficit of the bond valence sum (BVS) for cations A, resulting in the stabilization of the structure as a whole. In case (b), partial replacement of one halogen ion by a halogen ions of another sort leads either to a deficit (if a larger anion is replaced by a smaller one) or to an excess (if a smaller anion is replaced by a larger one) of the BVS values for the cations A and for the anion that replaced the main halogen sort. An increase in the excess or deficit of the BVS values destabilizes the structure of ternary halides, reducing the melting and crystallization temperatures; the maximum destabilization is achieved at a ~1 : 1 molar ratio of the components, which is expressed in reaching the characteristic temperature minimum of the respective systems.

The approach described in the work can expectedly be employed in explanation and interpretation of another phase diagrams based on the structures featuring the closest packing formed by alkaline metals and halogens.

Keywords: ternary halides; crystal structures; phase diagrams; bond valence model.
THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX OXIDE CATALYST OF 50%Cu3(PO4)2•50%Ni3(PO4)2
Authors: Golub N.P. , Golub E.O. , Hurch A.V. , Kozma A.A. , Solomon A.M. , Kuznietsova A.O.
Published: April 2022

Preparation of initial orthophosphates of Copper (II) and Nickel (II) and a complex catalytic system based on them 50 % Cu3(PO4)2∙50 % Ni3(PO4)2 was carried out according to the methods developed at the Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, of Uzhhorod National University. The synthesized system was investigated by X-ray phase analysis. Experimental diffraction patterns show that air-dry samples of the initial components and the intermediate sample of 50%Cu3(PO4)2∙3H2O•50%Ni3(PO4)2∙8H2O are very different from each other. This gives grounds to assume that the air-dry phosphate of the catalytic system 50%Cu3(PO4)2∙3H2O•50%Ni3(PO4)2∙8H2O can be characterized as a new phase. Annealing of the obtained air-dry complex sample in the temperature range 120-700ºС leads to the corresponding physicochemical transformations. Experimental data show that the structure of the formed intermediate air-dry sample after heat treatment undergoes significant changes. At the same time, heat treatment leads to gradual partial or complete dehydration of a complex catalytic system. When 600ºC is reached, the dry X-ray amorphous catalyst begins to crystallize. This is due to the gradual dehydration of the catalyst at lower temperatures with the loss of much of the chemically bound water and the transition to the amorphous state. The process of forming the crystal structure of the dehydrated complex sample is significantly intensified when reaching 700ºC. Thus, the calcination of the synthesized phosphate phase in the specified temperature range allows not only to carry out its complete dehydration, but also, to a large extent, promotes the gradual crystallization of the dehydrated phase. In turn, this causes the formation on the surface of the synthesized complex copper-nickel phosphate catalyst system of 50%Cu3(PO4)2∙3H2O•50%Ni3(PO4)2∙8H2O acid active centers of appropriate strength. It was also found that if necessary to obtain a fully dehydrated and crystallized copper-nickel-phosphate sample, the duration of calcination at a final temperature of 700ºC should be carried out more than 1 hour.

Keywords: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis; catalysts; сopper (II) orthophosphate; nickel (II) orthophosphate; catalytic 50 % Cu3(PO4)2∙50 % Ni3(PO4)2 system.
An Analysis of Intrusion Detection Classification using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms on NSL-KDD Dataset
Authors: Sarthak Rastogi  , Archit Shrotriya  , Mitul Kumar Singh  , Potukuchi Raghu Vamsi
Published: April 2022

From the past few years, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are employed as a second line of defence and have shown to be a useful tool for enhancing security by detecting suspicious activity. Anomaly based intrusion detection is a type of intrusion detection system that identifies anomalies. Conventional IDS are less accurate in detecting anomalies because of the decision taking based on rules. The IDS with machine learning method improves the detection accuracy of the security attacks. To this end, this paper studies the classification analysis of intrusion detection using various supervised learning algorithms such as SVM, Naive Bayes, KNN, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and Decision tree on the NSL-KDD dataset. The findings reveal which method performed better in terms of accuracy and running time.
VERSO UNA NUOVA DEFINIZIONE DI MANIERA ATTRAVERSO IL PARLATO SPONTANEO ITALIANO
Authors: Luisa CORONA  , Paola PIETRANDREA
Published: April 2022

Towards a New Definition of Manner through Italian Spontaneous Dialogues. Manner has been traditionally considered as a semantic prime expressing the way in which an action is performed. In previous studies, it has been treated as a category fulfilling a basically descriptive function, encoded by an inventory of lexical or morpho-syntactic items (such as verb roots or adverbial phrases). In this paper, we propose a functional and corpus-driven definition of this notion. We present an annotation scheme of Manner constructions and we show how we applied it to 40 spontaneous Italian dialogues from the VOLIP corpus. The analysis of Manner constructions in spoken interactional data shows that, far from being a static descriptive notion, Manner can be regarded as an interactive, gradable category, co-constructed by speakers.
Article history: Received 2 July 2021; Revised 30 August 2021; Accepted 20 October 2021; Available online 31 March 2022; Available print 31 March 2022.
REZUMAT. Încercare de definire a manierei prin intermediul dialogurilor spontane italiene. Din perspectivă tradiţională, maniera a fost considerată un element semantic care exprimă modalitatea prin care o acțiune este îndeplinită. În studii anterioare, a fost tratată ca o categorie, în principiu, cu o funcție descriptivă, codată de un inventar de unități lexicale și morfosintactice (precum rădăcini verbale sau sintagme adverbiale). În acest articol, ne propunem să definim această noțiune din punct de vedere funcțional, bazându-ne pe un corpus. Prezentăm o schemă de notare a construcțiilor modale și arătăm cum am aplicat-o la 40 de dialoguri italiene spontane din corpusul VOLIP. Analiza construcțiilor de manieră, aşa cum rezultă din studierea informaţiilor, arată că, departe de a fi o noțiune descriptiv-statică, maniera poate fi privită ca o categorie interactivă, gradabilă, construită de către vorbitori.
Cuvinte-cheie: manieră, analiză de corpus, dialoguri orale, construire simultană a sensului
LA DESIGNAZIONE DELL’AREA CROMATICA DEL GRIGIO NEI DIALETTI ITALIANI
Authors: CUGNO Federica , CUSAN Federica
Published: April 2022

The Designation of the Chromatic Area of Grey in Italian Dialects. This article aims to study aspects of lexicalisation relating to the formation and usage of names designating ‘dark grey’ and ‘light grey’ in Italian dialects collected by the Italian Linguistic Atlas. These terms exist on the margins of the system of colour names present in dialects, and therefore the listing and analysis of the data allow us to note an interesting variety of linguistic solutions which compensate for the lack of a precise corresponding term in the dialect. From a geolinguistic point of view, the mapping of the data allows us to distinguish between shared areas covering the whole of Italy, and linguistic or cultural sub-areas with more specific features.
Article history: Received 16 July 2021; Revised 22 October 2021; Accepted 20 November 2021; Available online 31 March 2022; Available print 31 March 2022.
REZUMAT. Desemnarea zonei cromatice a griului în dialectele italiene. Acest articol își propune să studieze aspectele lexicalizării privitoare la formarea și la utilizarea denumirilor pentru „gri-închis” și „gri-deschis” în dialectele italiene, excerptate din Atlasul Lingvistic Italian. Acești termeni se află la periferia sistemului numelui de culori prezent în dialecte și, prin urmare, lista și analiza lor ne permit să observăm o varietate interesantă de soluții lingvistice care compensează lipsa unui termen dialectal corespunzător. Din punct de vedere geolingvistic, cartografierea datelor face posibilă distincția dintre zonele comune, care acoperă întreaga Italie, și subzonele lingvistice sau culturale ce au trăsături, adesea, particulare.
Cuvinte-cheie: nume de culori, dialecte italiene, Atlante Linguistico Italiano, gri-închis, gri-deschis
LA VARIATION LIBRE PHONOLOGIQUE ET MORPHOLOGIQUE DU DIALECTE NIÇOIS : ESSAI D’ILLUSTRATION
Authors: GIUDICE Philippe Del
Published: April 2022

Phonological and Morphological Free Variation in the Dialect of Nice – an Illustration. A project has been launched to make a dialectal dictionary of Nice and its surroundings. As an important amount of data is being gathered from various texts and in the field, the proportion of free variation in the Occitan dialect spoken in the city of Nice appears to be significantly greater than what studies (especially grammars and dictionaries) report. Using a substantial set of examples, this descriptive article shares with the scientific community some important features of phonological and morphological polymorphism in urban Niçois. In the phonological part, it also shows the links that tie together polymorphism and diatopic variation in a relatively homogeneous dialectal area.
Article history: Received 14 July 2021; Revised 1 January 2022; Accepted 10 January 2022; Available online 31 March 2022; Available print 31 March 2022.
REZUMAT. Variaţia liberă fonologică şi morfologică în dialectul nisard – o prezentare. Un proiect de realizare a unui dicţionar dialectal din regiunea Nisei a fost lansat. În timp ce informaţiile de ordin dialectal sunt preluate masiv din sursele textuale şi din teren, fenomenele de variaţie liberă din dialectul occitan de la Nisa se dovedesc a fi mult mai numeroase decât cele prezente în studiile existente (mai ales în gramatici şi în dicţionare). Bazându-se pe un număr însemnat de exemple, acest articol descriptiv împărtăşeşte comunităţii ştiinţifice câteva aspecte importante ale polimorfismului fonologic şi morfologic al nisardei urbane. Perspectiva fonologică este, de altfel, o bună ocazie de a arăta legăturile care unesc polimorfismul şi variaţia diatopică într-o arie dialectală omogenă.
Cuvinte-cheie: variaţie liberă, fonologie, morfologie, dialectul nisard, occitană
L’EXPRESSION DE LA CAUSALITÉ EN LATIN ET DANS LES LANGUES ROMANES : MATRICES FORMELLES ET GRADATION INTENSIONNELLE
Authors: POPESCU Cecilia Mihaela
Published: April 2022

The Expression of Causality in Latin and in Romance Languages: Formal Frames and Intentional Gradation. This approach proposes a reflection on the expression of “causality” in Latin and in Romance languages. First, we will study the ontology and the multiple nature of the notion of “causality”, as well as the formal matrices of the realization of the causal link between two propositions, between two sentences or between two communication situations. We will then take into consideration the relationship between “causality” and “subjectivity” and we will exemplify this relationship by reviewing some causal connectors with an argumentative and/or metadiscursive function. At this point, we will also review the syntactic and semantic functioning of the explicative causal constructions introduced by the prototypical connectors: Lat. NAM, Fr. car and Rom. căci, in order to indicate the similarities and especially the differences in the behaviour of these lexical and grammatical units.
Article history: Received 25 September 2021; Revised 10 October 2021; Accepted 5 November 2021; Available online 31 March 2022; Available print 31 March 2022.
REZUMAT. Exprimarea cauzalităţii în latină și în limbile romanice: tipare formale și gradație intensională. Articolul de față își propune să facă câteva observații cu privire la modalitățile de exprimare a cauzalității în latină și în limbile romanice. Într-o primă etapă, ne vom ocupa de ontologia și natura multiplă a cauzalității, dar și de descrierea tiparelor formale de actualizare a raportului cauzal ce se poate realiza între două propoziții, două enunțuri sau două situații de comunicare. Apoi, vom analiza relația care se stabilește între cauzalitate și subiectivitate și vom ilustra acest tip de relaționare cu ajutorul unor conectori cauzali cu funcție argumentativă și/sau metadiscursivă. De fapt, în această etapă, vom face o descriere succintă a funcționării sintactice și semantice a construcțiilor cauzale cu valoare explicativă, introduse de conectorii prototipici: (lat.) NAM, (fr.) car și (rom.) căci, pentru a pune în valoare asemănările și, mai cu seamă, diferențierile de funcționare dintre aceste unități lexico-gramaticale.
Cuvinte-cheie: relația de cauzalitate, subiectivitate, conectori cauzali, coeziune, coerență, latină, limbi romanice
Dos manifestaciones de la libertad en Jean- Paul Sartre
Authors: Lo Feudo Yanina Maribel
Published: April 2022

En El ser y la nada, Sartre desarrolla una noción de libertad negativa que se expresa en la acción nihilizadora del ser en-sí. Sin embargo, en su obra de posguerra Verdad y existencia, la dimensión de la materialidad adquiere un renovado énfasis y como consecuencia, la libertad se expresa en un movimiento afirmativo de desvelamiento del Ser. Estos dos sentidos que adquiere la noción de libertad constituyen distintas manifestaciones del mismo fenómeno y son el resultado de la diversidad de formas en que el propio Sartre articula la relación paradójica entre libertad y facticidad, subjetividad y objetividad.
El principio de angustia y las edades del hombre
Authors: Pérez Borbujo Fernando
Published: April 2022

El principio de angustia (Angtsprinzip) alude a la angustia del inicio, del principio, como aquélla que determina las diferentes “edades del hombre” (nacimiento, infancia, juventud, madurez, vejez, muerte) tal como las ha ido definiendo la tradición occidental. La comprensión de la angustia, afecto psicosomático, no como angustia de muerte sino como angustia de inicio, que se manifiesta por igual en la libertad, la sexualidad y también en la muerte, nos permitirá esbozar una nueva formulación del principio esperanza.
Deconstructing citizenship and the growth of Detroit's green renaissance
Authors: Carrera Jennifer S.
Published: April 2022

Detroit is in the midst of a contemporary urban renewal project that is being carried out through green gentrification. The displacement of residents is happening through the discursive and political management of the water system, which produces conditions that leave residents with few options for remaining in the city. In this article, I explore how resource management, particularly water and wastewater infrastructure, has been used to degrade the political efficacy of Black Detroit residents. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork and discourse analysis of news articles and government reports, I argue that in recent years the city of Detroit has developed a wasting economy. This political-economic structure relies on the coupling of deconstructive and constructive processes that promote the withering of citizenship in order to make way for radical racial transformation in access to and control over the city.
Keywords: Green gentrification, environmental racism, infrastructural violence, embodied metabolism
Ochratoxin A potentiates citrinin accumulation in kidney and liver of rats
Authors: Rašić Dubravka , Stefanović Srđan , Milićević Dragan , Mladinić Marin , Želježić Davor , Pizent Alica , Konjevoda Paško , Peraica Maja
Published: April 2022

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are nephrotoxic mycotoxins often found together in grain. The aim of this study was to measure their accumulation in the kidney and liver of adult male Wistar rats, see how it would be affected by combined treatment, and to determine if resveratrol (RSV) would decrease their levels in these organs. The rats received 125 or 250 mg/kg bw of OTA by gavage every day for 21 days and/or 20 mg/kg bw of CTN a day for two days. Two groups of rats treated with OTA+CTN were also receiving 20 mg/kg bw of RSV a day for 21 days. In animals receiving OTA alone, its accumulation in both organs was dose-dependent. OTA+CTN treatment resulted in lower OTA but higher CTN accumulation in both organs at both OTA doses. RSV treatment increased OTA levels in the kidney and liver and decreased CTN levels in the kidney. Our findings point to the competition between CTN and OTA for organic anion transporters 1 and 3.
Effects of naringin and valproate interaction on liver steatosis and dyslipidaemia parameters in male C57BL6 mice
Authors: Jutrić David , Đikić Domagoj , Boroš Almoš , Odeh Dyna , Drozdek Sandra Domjanić , Gračan Romana , Dragičević Petar , Crnić Irena , Jurčević Irena Landeka
Published: April 2022

Valproate is a common antiepileptic drug whose adverse effects include liver steatosis and dyslipidaemia. The aim of our study was to see how natural flavonoid antioxidant naringin would interact with valproate and attenuate these adverse effects. For this reason we treated male C57BL6 mice with a combination of 150 mg/kg of valproate and 25 mg/kg naringin every day for 10 days and compared their serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, and liver PPAR-alpha, PGC-1 alpha, ACOX1, Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GSH, and histological signs of steatosis. Valproate increased lipid peroxidation parameters and caused pronounced microvesicular steatosis throughout the hepatic lobule in all acinar zones, but naringin co-administration limited steatosis to the lobule periphery. In addition, it nearly restored total serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and liver ACOX1 and MDA to control levels. and upregulated PPAR-alpha and PGC-1 alpha, otherwise severely downregulated by valproate. It also increased SOD activity. All these findings suggest that naringin modulates key lipid metabolism regulators and should further be investigated in this model, either alone or combined with other lipid regulating drugs or molecules.