bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BAB VII_Team Dynamics
Authors: Juanda Nagita Anastasya
Published: January 2024

Team dynamics mengacu pada pola hubungan dan interaksi antar anggota tim yang mempengaruhi kinerja dan produktivitas mereka. Ini mencakup bagaimana mereka berkomunikasi, berkolaborasi, dan berkoordinasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.
Team Dynamics
Authors: Sobandi Rea Aprila
Published: January 2024

Tim adalah kelompok dari dua atau lebih orang yang berinteraksi dan mempengaruhi satu sama lain, saling bertanggung jawab untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, dan menganggap diri mereka sebagai entitas sosial dalam sebuah organisasi. Sedangkan kelompok adalah dua orang atau lebih yang memiliki hubungan pemersatu.
PROYEKSI KEBUTUHAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: gianfranco Varendra nigel
Published: January 2024

Proyeksi kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana kabupaten kediri (jawa timur) dalam 20 tahun kedepan (2027,2032,2037,2042).
SYARIAH ISLAM SEPUTAR PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Sobandi Rea Aprila
Published: January 2024

Hukum asal dari perdagangan adalah mubah (boleh) bagi setiap individu. Kebolehan itu dengan ketentuan harus mengikuti rukun dan syarat jual beli. Negara tidak melakukan supervisi secara langsung tetapi hanya secara umum. Negara hanya menjaga agar pelaku perdagangan tidak menyimpang ketentuan syara’ dan memberi sanksi pada pelanggarnya, dengan adanya qadhi hisbah (hakim) dan syurthah (polisi) dalam artian negara boleh intervensi pasar.
Transaksi yang Diharamkan
Authors: Dwi Kemala
Published: January 2024

Dalam ibadah, kaidah hukum yang berlaku adalah bahwa semua hal dilarang, kecuali yang ada ketentuannya berdasarkan Al-Qur'an dan Al-hadist.
Uang dan Mata Uang
Authors: Gustiawan Restu
Published: January 2024

Uang merupakan alat pembayaran yang sah, sementara mata uang merupakan satuan moneter yang dimiliki suatu negara, contohnya Rupee, rupiah, ringgit, dolar, dan lain-lain.
LAPORAN MENGANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA BERDASARKAN PROYEKSI JUMLAH PENDUDUK (KAB/KOTA POSO)
Authors: BAHMAR M. SHAFWAN
Published: January 2024

menganalisi sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, dan perekonomian, berdasarkan hasil proyeksi penduduk di kabupaten poso
Syariah Islam Seputar Barang Tambang
Authors: Yusnia
Published: January 2024

Rasulullah saw bersabda : Dikatakan, “Yaa Rasulullah bolehkah kami membangun rumah untuk tempat berteduh bagimu di Mina?”, Rasul menjawab: ”Tidak boleh, Mina adalah tempat tinggal orang yang datang terlebih dahulu”. (HR. Abu Dawud, Tirmidzi, Hakim, Baihaqi)
Uang dan Mata Uang
Authors: Dwi Kemala
Published: January 2024

Uang adalah flow concept.
Conflict Management
Authors: Dwi Kemala
Published: January 2024

Konflik yaitu proses dimana satu pihak merasakan bahwa kepentingannya sedang di tentang atau dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh pihak lain.
Organizational Culture
Authors: Yusnia
Published: January 2024

Pola dasar asumsi bersama, nilai-nilai, dan keyakinan yang dianggap sebagai cara yang benar dalam memikirkan dan bertindak atas masalah dan peluang yang dihadapi organisasi.
Syariah Islam Seputar Perdagangan
Authors: Dwi Kemala
Published: January 2024

Hukum asal dari perdagangan adalah mubah (boleh) bagus setiap individu kebolehan itu dengan ketentuan harus mengikuti rukun dan syarat jual beli.
Syariah Islam Seputar Barang Tambang
Authors: Gustiawan Restu
Published: January 2024

Barang tambang merupakan segala bentuk benda-benda yang terdapat di dalam tanah baik melalui proses maupun tanpa melalui proses.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Authors: Sobandi Rea Aprila
Published: January 2024

Budaya organisasi adalah pola dasar asumsi bersama, nilai-nilai, dan keyakinan yang dianggap sebagai cara yang benar dalam memikirkan dan bertindak atas masalah dan peluang yang dihadapi organisasi.
BAB IX_Power and Influence in the Workplace
Authors: Juanda Nagita Anastasya
Published: January 2024

"Power and Influence in the Workplace" adalah topik yang penting dan kompleks, mencakup bagaimana individu dan kelompok memengaruhi perilaku dan keputusan orang lain dalam lingkungan kerja.
PERMASLAHAN MENGENAI UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA [UUCK] DI INDONESIA
Authors: Asis Sukman Sukman
Published: January 2024

Pemberlakuan “UU Cipta Kerja” adalah suatu inovasi yang dilakukan oleh pejabat pemerintah pada tataran hukum, dengan maksud untuk mereformasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang tumpang tindih, bertentangan atau serupa, dan kemudian melakukan perubahan peraturan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah agar pembaca dapat mengidentifikasi persoalan-persoalan yang muncul berarti prosedur pembentukan regulasi perundang-undangan tentang ketenagakerjaan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 “Pengakuan Kesempatan Kerja” (Alysa, 2020). “Pengakuan UU Cipta Kerja” ini disahkan dengan pendekatan hukum yang komprehensif, menghimpun undang-undang dengan asas yang berbeda-beda. Pendekatan ini dipilih dengan harapan akan semakin memudahkan investor untuk mendapatkan izin, serta memberikan dampak yang baikterhadap pembangunan ekonomi dan kesempatan verba. Berarti imperatif kajian, peneliti menggunakan prosedur hukum yang baku seperti mengoleksi informasi melalui hasil kaidah. Melalui UU Cipta Kerja, semua bagian,dengan harapan demi memajukan proyek dan membuat lingkungan kerja sebanyak-banyaknya demi meminimalisir jumlah unemployment. penguasa bisa membuat regulasi dan memberikan dampak positif keapada pengusaha dan pekerja sehingga mereka bisa memcukupi regulasi dan menjaga hak-hak pekerja, lantaran pekerja adalah salah satu elemen primer dan bagaimana prosedur instansi berjalan dengan semestinya.
Management Control Syst: Management Control System Related Ethics
Authors: Rizdkia Mutiara
Published: January 2024

Catatan terkait dengan subjek Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen (Management Control System) mengenai Management Control System Related Ethics
Memperjuangkan Keadilan Ekologis
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: January 2024

Sampai saat ini, bencana ekologis kian kita rasakan, dimana bencana ekologis terjadi karena kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang dampak selanjutnya menurunkan kualitas hidup manusia. Terjadinya bencana ekologis, lebih banyak karena salah urusnya negara dalam mengelola lingkungan hidup dan sumber daya alam (SDA).Bencana tersebut telah meluluhlantakkan hasil pembangunan dan jerih payah masyarakat dalam sekejap, serta mengubur impian dan harapan ribuan orang yang menjadi korban. Selain itu, bencana ekologis juga banyak merampas hak hidup manusia dan menghilangkan sumber-sumber kehidupan manusia yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya angka kemiskinan. Dan umumnya hampir seluruh hak mereka termarginalkan.Pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dan SDA masih belum banyak berpihak pada rakyat dan lingkungan hidup itu sendiri. Pemerintah masih lebih berpihak pada kepentingan pemodal (korporasi), bukannya rakyat atau lingkungan yang menjadi sumber kehidupan rakyat.
BAB XIII_Organizational Change
Authors: Juanda Nagita Anastasya
Published: January 2024

Organizational change adalah proses mengubah cara organisasi beroperasi. Ini dapat mencakup perubahan dalam struktur, strategi, proses, teknologi, atau budaya organisasi.
Managers and Comunnication
Authors: Permatahati Tasa
Published: January 2024

Komunikasi adalah proses penyampaian gagasan, harapan dan pesan yang disampaikan melalui lambang tertentu, mengandung arti, dilakukan oleh penyampaian pesan ditujukan pada penerima pesan.
B-value variations in the Central Chile seismic gap assessed by a Bayesian transdimensional approach
Authors: Morales-Yáñez Catalina , Bustamante Luis , Benavente Roberto , Sippl Christian , Moreno Marcos
Published: January 2024

The b-value can be used to characterize the seismic activity for a given earthquake catalog and provide information on the stress level accumulated at active faults. Here we develop an algorithm to objectively estimate variations of b-value along one arbitrary dimension. To this end, we employ a Bayesian transdimensional approach where the seismic domains will be self-defined according to information in the seismic catalog. This makes it unnecessary to prescribe the location and extent of domains, as it is commonly done. We first show the algorithm’s robustness by performing regressions from synthetic catalogs, recovering the target models with great accuracy. We also apply the algorithm to a microseismicity catalog for the Central Chile region. This segment is considered a seismic gap where the last major earthquake with shallow slip was in 1730. Our results illuminate the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone and the transition to intraslab seismicity. In the along-strike direction, low b-value coincides with the extent of locked asperities, suggesting a high-stress loading at the Central Chile seismic gap. Our results indicate the reliability of the Bayesian transdimensional method for capturing robust b-value variations, allowing us to characterize the mechanical behavior on the plate interface of subduction zones.
A Brief Look at Vicarious Trauma in Meteorologists and Emergency Management Professionals: Preliminary Evidence, Associated Coping Behaviors, Emotion Regulation Strategies, Pathological Altruism, and Healthy Selfishness
Authors: Bolton Matthew J. , Ault Lara K. , Burton Keith Wayne , Allen Dylan R. , Stewart Alan E. , Watt Margo
Published: January 2024

This paper briefly and preliminarily examines, based on data collected in mid-2020, vicarious traumatization in 154 meteorologists and emergency managers. This topic is of great importance, considering that weather-focused individuals providing disaster and even more routine weather forecast support may take on variations of the stress they witness in or that they imagine exists for their constituents, leading to myriad negative mental health outcomes. The study explores this phenomenon, focusing on the collaborative nature of the weather enterprise and the proximity of emergency management personnel to meteorological contexts. Despite moderate levels of vicarious traumatization in the weather enterprise, at least as evidenced within this sample, findings suggest relative stability in individual differences across meteorological employment sectors, with no substantial trends. Differences emerged in pathological altruism and overall mental health coping scores, with emergency management professionals scoring higher in the former and television-broadcast meteorologists in the latter. Generally, emergency management professionals exhibit higher pathological altruism compared to government and broadcast meteorologists, suggesting that meteorologists place relatively healthy boundaries between themselves and their work and thus buffering negative mental health outcomes. Overall and speaking preliminarily, meteorologists seem fairly psychologically resilient in the face of vicarious traumatization.
Linguistic and Psychological Processes in Native Authored Children’s Books: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: Goka-Dubose Emiko , Dykeman Cass
Published: January 2024

Culture is an established protective factor for children impacted by trauma; however, culture in action with early childhood interventions is a burgeoning field. Lack of research in culturally specific early childhood interventions within Native American communities hinders addressing differing Native American cultures’ needs. Bibliotherapy in early childhood intervention offers an opportunity to increase culture as a protective factor. There is limited research in the use of language—specifically, written word—in culturally specific bibliotherapy. This study examined the linguistics and psycholinguistics of 17 Native American authored children’s books in comparison to non-Native authored children’s books.
Deciding to simulate: Cognitive mechanisms of predicting the decisions of others
Authors: Stuchlý Erik , Bavard Sophie , Gluth Sebastian
Published: January 2024

People often rely on simulating the other person’s state of mind when trying to understand and predict their behaviour. Likewise, converging evidence suggests similar cognitive and neural processes are engaged when making decisions for ourselves and when predicting the decisions of others, pointing towards mental simulation as the underlying mechanism of prediction. In this study, we tested this hypothesis directly, leveraging the fact that, under the simulation hypothesis, any predictions made with a biased decision-making process should also be biased. We first induced a bias in participant’s risk perception by adapting them to contexts with high or low risks, and then asked them to predict decisions of a risk-seeking and risk-averse agent in a mediumrisk context. Our findings provide partial support for the simulation hypothesis; the adaptation manipulation resulted in biased predicted decisions, suggesting that these predictions were made with participants’ own (biased) decision-making system. Surprisingly, this behavioural effect only emerged during predictions for a risk-averse, but not risk-seeking agent. Modeling predictions with the drift-diffusion model suggested that the prediction bias mapped onto a group difference in the risk tendency parameter when predicting for the risk-averse, but not risk-seeking agent. Furthermore, participants’ risk tendency when deciding for themselves correlated with predicted behaviour of the risk-averse, but not risk-seeking agent, suggesting the perceived similarity of the other agent as a mediating factor. Altogether, our findings support the view that people engage in simulating others’ decisions with their own mind, but also suggest that the perceived similarity with the other person may determine their prediction strategy.
Embodied learning: The role of gesture-based interactions in language acquisition
Authors: Botan Vanessa , Ionescu Thea , Grigoriu Lidia , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando
Published: January 2024

Interactive communication and gestures play an important role in language learning but this can be influenced by preferred styles of learning and individual differences. This study investigated gesture enactment in adults learning a new language, considering gesture type and individual differences in bodily awareness and sensory imagery.In a computer task, participants learned invented words in four conditions that involved hearing the word or performing a congruent and incongruent gesture. Participants completed self-report measures of bodily awareness and mental imagery. It was hypothesised that enacting congruent gestures would enhance learning for people with high bodily awareness and sensorimotor imagery.Results indicated that enacting congruent gestures facilitated learning and participants with high body listening skills performed significantly better in the control and in the congruent conditions. The findings of this study indicate for the first time that individual differences in bodily awareness influence language learning, especially when congruent gestures are used.
Korrelation von Laktatwerten mit dem Base Excess bei präklinischen Notfallpatient*innen
Authors: Palt Niklas , Eichinger Michael , Eichlseder Michael , Zoidl Philipp , Honnef Gabriel , Prause Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Fragestellung Die präklinische Blutgasanalyse (BGA) ist ein hilfreiches Tool zur Quantifizierung des metabolischen und respiratorischen Zustands von kritischen Notfallpatient*innen und eine Hilfe für therapeutische und prognostische Entscheidungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es die Assoziation zwischen dem präklinischen Laktatwert mit dem Base Excess (BE), sowie der außerklinischen Mortalität zu untersuchen.

Methodik Es wurde eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie von präklinischen Patient*innen des Notarztstützpunktes der Universitätsklinik Graz durchgeführt. Daten vom 01.01.2010 bis zum 23.03.2020 wurden analysiert. Ausgewertet wurden das elektronische Notarztprotokoll und die Ergebnisse der jeweiligen BGA. Diese wurden zusammengeführt und deskriptiven bzw. exploratorischen Analysen unterzogen.

Ergebnisse 313 Personen sind eingeschlossen worden, weshalb sich eine Power von >99,9% ergeben hat, um eine Korrelation von 0,1 zu detektieren. Der Median des BE hat-5,00 bei einem Interquartilsabstand [IQR] von -11.05 bis -0.35 betragen und der des Laktats 4.13 mmol/l [1.67;9.19]. BE und Laktat sind mittels Spearman Rank-Korrelations-Schätzung von -0.75 (p<0.001) negativ miteinander korreliert worden. Ein multiples lineares Regressionsmodel ist geeignet gewesen, um die Assoziation zwischen beiden Biomarkern zu evaluieren, nach Adjustierung von Alter, Geschlecht und Notfallart. Diese hat -0.35 [95% CI:-0.39;-0.30] ergeben. Bei verstorbenen Patient*innen haben die Mediane von BE bzw. Laktat -24.55 [-25.50;-20.65] und 15.25 [12.80;16.99] betragen. Die Auslenkungen sind bei kombinierten Azidosen am stärksten gewesen (Laktat 8.67 [5.36;11.51], BE -10.5 [-15.40;- 6.00]), bei respiratorischen Störungen am geringsten (Laktat 1.62 [0.97;2.68], BE 1.65 [0.23;3.25]).

Interpretation Höhere Laktatwerte sind mit geringeren BE-Werten assoziiert gewesen. Bei Änderung des BE um 1 hat sich das Laktat durchschnittlich um 0,35 mmol/l unterschieden. Kombinierte Azidosen haben die stärksten metabolischen Auslenkungen gezeigt, welche bei deutlicher Ausprägung auch mit erhöhter Mortalität einhergegangen sind.
Use of Mixed Reality to Teach Healthcare Providers Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:
Authors: Fijačko Nino , Strnad Matej , Skok Pavel , Ketiš Zalika Klemenc , Zafošnik Uroš , Greif Robert
Published: January 2024

Research question: The recent educational guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) emphasize immersive technologies such as mixed reality (MR). According to the reality-virtuality continuum, MR is defined as a concept that encompasses both augmented reality and augmented virtuality. Immersive technologies improve the learning outcomes of healthcare providers in education through the simulation of various scenarios.

Methodology: This mapping review aims to present MR solutions for teaching CPR and assess the level of MR education effectiveness in the field of CPR education. In February 2022, we conducted a preliminary mapping review using Pubmed and Google Scholar. We excluded articles which focused only on virtual reality for CPR education. The Modified Kirkpatrick Model was used to evaluate the level of educational effectiveness in teaching CPR with MR.

Results: A total of 46 studies were identified and 9 full text studies were reviewed. MR solutions were generally developed for teaching healthcare providers adult CPR with automated external defibrillator (7/9, 78%). Only two MR solutions were developed for specific simulation scenarios like paediatric septic shock. In all studies, Level 1: Reaction (e.g., healthcare providers’ views on the learning experience) and Level 2: Learning (e.g., change in attitudes and modification of CPR knowledge or skills) were classified by the Modified Kirkpatrick Model. There were no Level 3: Behaviour (e.g., change in behaviours) and Level 4: Results (e.g., change in the system/organizational practice) in the reviewed studies.

Interpretation: Our results show that an MR learning environment could be an effective training tool for teaching healthcare providers CPR procedures. In the future, MR could replace traditional practices to save time and yield better performance, although more evidence is needed for MR to become a standard in CPR training.
Notärztliche Versorgung von Frühgeborenen nach außerklini-scher Geburt (Fallserie)
Authors: Martensen Johann , Urlesberger Berndt , Schwaberger Bernhard
Published: January 2024

Fragestellung Die Versorgung Neugeborener im Notarztdienst ist eine Herausforderung, insbesondere wenn es sich um Frühgeborene (FG) handelt. Welche notärztlichen Maßnahmen werden bei außerklinischen FG-Versorgungen bis zur Übergabe im Krankenhaus bzw. an den neonatologischen Intensivtransportdienst getroffen?

Methodik Retrospektive Datenauswertung. Inkludiert wurden FG, die von 01/2012 bis 01/2022 nach ungeplanter außerklinischer Geburt notärztlich versorgt und an der Neonatologie Graz betreut wurden.

Ergebnisse Inkludiert wurden elf FG mit medianem (IQR) Gestationsalter (GA) von 26+4 (24+0–28+3) Schwangerschaftswochen und Geburtsgewicht (GG) von 960 (645–1365) g. Zwei FG (21+3 und 21+4 Schwangerschaftswochen) wurden maximal versorgt, obwohl das GA außerhalb der Grenze der Lebensfähigkeit lag.

Temperatur: Alle FG waren bei Aufnahme hypotherm mit medianer (IQR) Körpertemperatur von 33,0 (31,7–34,6) °C; minimal 28,0 °C!

Beatmung: Fünf FG wurden endotracheal intubiert, jedoch zeigten sich bei Aufnahme zweimal eine Fehllage (Ösophagus bzw. rechter Hauptbronchus) und einmal ein signifikantes Tubusleck mit Notwendigkeit zur Umintubation. Nach frustranen Intubationsversuchen wurde einmal ein Larynxtubus (Komplikation: massive Magenblähung) und einmal ein Rachentubus gesetzt. Bei zwei FG wurde Beutel-Masken-Beatmung durchgeführt. Bei zwei FG wurde Sauerstoff via Maske appliziert, obwohl retrospektiv eine Atemunterstützung erforderlich gewesen wäre.

 Gefäßzugänge: Bei vier FG wurden Nabelvenenkatheter etabliert, einmal nach frustraner Anlage eines intraossären Katheters bei einem FG mit 2000 g GG. Appliziert wurden Adrenalin, Glukose und Kristalloide. Bei sieben FG wurde kein Zugang etabliert!

Monitoring: Bei zwei FG erfolgte das Monitoring mittels Elektrokardiogramm, bei drei FG mittels Pulsoxymeter, sowie einmal mittels Elektrokardiogramm und Pulsoxymeter. Die Herzfrequenz aller anderen FG wurde mittels Stethoskop evaluiert.

Interpretation Diese Fallserie zeigt Probleme auf, die bei außerklinischen FG-Versorgungen auftreten können. Zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität wurden steiermärkische Handlungsempfehlungen zur notärztlichen FG-Versorgung publiziert (Schwaberger, Notarzt 2019), in welchen das Temperatur- und Atemwegsmanagement unterstrichen werden.
Social Health Insurance Policy of Nepal: Issue of Equity and Equality
Authors: Ghimire Rabindra , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Acharya Devaraj
Published: January 2024

The Government of Nepal implemented a social health insurance program (SHIP) in 2016 to achieve Universal Health Coverage. The objective of this paper is to obtain the opinion of the respondents towards the existing premium rate that has been charged to the members of the social health insurance program. The study followed a cross-sectional descriptive study designed. Information was collected from 360 households using the purposive sampling method. The sample was selected among the households who were interested in buying SHIP within a year but till they have not purchased the health insurance policy. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of the respondents and Chi Square was used to examine the association between the variables. The study concludes that the opinion of respondents towards the equity of premium for SHI is significantly associated with education and profession but not associated with gender, age, caste, health-related training, life insurance policy, agriculture insurance policy, and commercial health insurance. The majority of respondents opined that the premium should be based on the income of the household, as opposed to being equal among those with disparate incomes. The majority of respondents concurred that the current practice of imposing equal premiums on families having dissimilar incomes is unfair.
Female-headed household characteristics and poverty levels in Namibia: An ordinal probit analysis of the 2015/16 Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Oyedele Opeoluwa , Haifene Rhona
Published: January 2024

Poverty incidence in Namibia is higher amongst female-headed households (46%) compared to male-headed households (41%). However, this situation is further worsened by females in households increasingly being forced to play multiple, conflicting roles after losing their spouses, and to work in marginal, part-time, informal and low-income jobs due to their lack of access to high-paying jobs, while having to take care of children, siblings and sometimes parents with no form(s) of assistance. In this study, a cross-sectional quantitative study design of the 2015/16 NHIES and an ordinal probit model was used to examine the household characteristics that contribute to poverty among female-headed households in Namibia, as well as their effects on the households’ poverty levels. Results from this study showed that characteristics such as region (p<0.001), main language spoken at home (p<0.001), main source of income (p=0.009), location (p=0.016), and highest level of education (p=0.005) had significant associations with the household poverty levels. Additionally, female-headed households in the urban areas in the Hardap, Otjozondjupa and Zambezi regions, whose main languages spoken were English, German, Zambezi and other languages, with tertiary education and main source of income from commercial farming and other sources were less likely to be severely poor and more likely to be not-poor. Therefore, it is recommended that the Namibian government and policymakers further improve the livelihood of women, especially those heading households in other regions, in terms of a comprehensive social development strategy that covers the immediate needs for short-term and long-term needs of these women.
Trends, Causes, Morbidity, and Mortality Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Karnali Province, Nepal: A Three-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Khadka Rabin , Tiwari Bhuwaneshwar , Acharya Upendra Prasad , BC Udaya Bahadur , Adhikari Rita , Thapa Kanchan
Published: January 2024

Globally, Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Low and middle-income countries account for more than ninety per cent of the total global RTA deaths. Early response and prompt rescue can prevent mortality and morbidity. Nepal's accidents arise from substandard roads, vehicle safety, and reckless driving. This study aimed to examine trends, causes, morbidity, and mortality from RTA in Karnali province, Nepal. Secondary data analysis encompassed ten Karnali districts, utilizing records from the Province Traffic Police between July 17, 2019, and July 16, 2022. Motorcycles/scooters, constituting 77.27 per cent (13,127) of registered vehicles, dominated with 932 RTAs during the study, causing 1,200 minor injuries, 719 major injuries, and 392 fatalities. Males constituted 70.87 per cent of fatalities (6.86% <16 years), and females accounted for 21.15 per cent (1.09% <16 years). The age group 20-25 years accounted for 163 (17.19%) of the deaths, followed by 25-30 years 168(17.72%). Non-license holders were involved in 363(33.83%) of accidents within the study period. In Karnali, the overall count of RTAs, injuries, and fatalities increased, driven mainly by high speed and mechanical errors. Surprisingly, while two-wheeler accidents were common, bus accidents resulted in a significant number of deaths, impacting individuals aged 20-30 and children.
Effect of Internal Migration of Families on the Educational Achievement of their Children
Authors: Pandit Sudesh , Adhikari Ramesh
Published: January 2024

This study explores the effects of the internal migration of parents with children on their children's educational achievement. PubMed and HINARI search engines perform advanced searches with specific keywords such as children, migration and educational achievement to extract relevant articles. During the review, 14 articles were identified by using the PRISMA flow diagram for the process of conducting a systematic review. The inclusion criteria specified internal migrant children with their parents and educational outcomes associated with them, with a publication date after within ten years. The search process yielded 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria for the final review. Positive effects are observed on educational achievement for children migrating with parents. Socioeconomic status, education level, and duration of migration influence the educational outcomes of children. Family and community support are important in coping with the difficulties of children's education. Policymakers and educators should address the challenges faced by internal migrant children.
Retaining the returnee migrant workers: Lessons learned from COVID-19
Authors: Khatiwada Padma Prasad
Published: January 2024

This paper presents facts and figures of returnee migrant workers in Nepal during the COVID-19 crisis. Nepal, affected by the coronavirus pandemic late after the fourth week of March 2020, the government decided to lockdown due to the appearance of two incidences of infection crossed over one million. Using secondary sources of literature, the paper mainly analyses the facts and figures concerning the COVID-19 crisis and migrant workers' issues. During this period, a severe crisis affected the country with a 75 per cent fall in remittance from the already counted 25 per cent of total gross domestic product. In the beginning, around 1.5 million migrant workers were expected to return by losing jobs in major destinations - India, the Middle East and Malaysia - which is over one-fifth of the total migrant workers abroad. This rate of return however was not recorded to that number. The growing tension of the virus was not limited to the state level only but basically, the individuals losing jobs, killing hopes of getting involved in new jobs and remaining unattended by the state authorities for a longer time amid confusion and dilemma of policies and programmes. Those involved in the informal sectors, particularly the women and other marginalised communities were severely affected when they could not collect food for their families, pay back rents or survive in the place. Reducing the impact of the pandemic, all the stakeholders needed to resume their work by getting proper knowledge and information on the impact of COVID-19. It necessitated concentrating on the immediate priorities such as current living conditions and utilising best practices available and possible in the local communities for reintegration by adopting the tight of the migrant workers. Although the government announced packages to retain nearly one million returnees, this could not properly happen and with dismay, the returned migrants opted to work and jobs abroad.
Dalit Women’s Political Participation at the Local Level: Perspectives of Elected Women Representatives in Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Chandra
Published: January 2024

Political representation is believed to be a tool to enhance the competency of Dalit women. It is also acknowledged as a factor for the socio-political empowerment and advancement of the communities they represent. However, it is always fascinating to explore what political representation meant to them, why and how they could come to represent, and how consequential and substantial their representation was. This article interprets the construction from the narratives that come through one-to-one interviews with 19 Dalit women in Biratnagar Metropolitan City as the research participants on the status, opportunities and challenges of their political representation at the local level. After gathering the narratives, the data is discussed to reach the conclusion that political representation can be a gateway to enhance the leadership potential of Dalit women. The research reveals that political representation is taken as a crucial tool for enhancement of their competency and it can support the empowerment of the community one represents, though there are some issuesto be addressed with due time and efforts. Most of the time, a contextual need overcame a Dalit woman’s absence of political awareness to enter politics. Lack of prior experience not only constrained their political mobility and advancement but also, in situations, their male colleagues and the ward ‘chairman’ intimidated them due to their ‘politically inexperienced’background. Forsome others, their own community too was not excited with their election process or their roles at the local government. Higher levels of politicalsocialization and leadership training would be more goal-oriented. This paper contributes to comprehending the contextual rationale and the status of Dalit women’s political representation and creates scope for additional scholarly and political discourse.
English Language Teacher Professional Development: Teacher Educators’ Perceptions and Experiences
Authors: Saud Dammar Singh
Published: January 2024

With rapid changes and advancements in teaching English language education and the needs of learners, it has become essential for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers to be updated periodically by enhancing their attitudes, skills, and knowledge through different teacher professional development activities and strategies. English language teachers are required to keep upgrading themselves to help EFL learners acquire English effectively. This research aims to explore EFL teacher educators’ perceptions of the importance of teacher professional development and identify their experienced activities for teacher professional development. This research is conducted at a university in Nepal with the participation of eight EFL teacher educators involved in individual interviews. The interpretive research paradigm and case study research method are used for the study. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis are used for data collection and analysis. The results show that most of them have positive perceptions towards the importance of EFL professional development and offer suggestions on activities for English proficiency, teaching pedagogy, digital skills, and research skills for teacher professional development that administrators of the university can consult to build skilled teaching professionals who can meet various needs of present learners.
The Role of Bengali Women in the 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement Against the Government of Pakistan
Authors: Karim Mohammed Rezaul
Published: January 2024

The Lahore resolution of 1940 and the bi-nationalism of Muhammad Ali Jinnah were considered as the cornerstones of the Pakistan movement. The demand for partition of India on the basis of the Lahore resolution sparked a firestorm among the Muslim community. India split seven years after the Lahore resolution was tabled. But the partition of the country in 1947 and the creation of Pakistan could not provide a state solution to the question of the Bengali nation. As a result, for twenty-three long years, the Bengalis were subjected to various forms of discrimination by the military rule of West Pakistan. Eventually they started a movement demanding the elimination of this inequality and the establishment of democracy. Pakistan’s military government was forced to hold its first national elections in 1970. The popular East Pakistan Awami League, led by Bangabandhu, won a single majority in the elections. But even though the Awami League gained a majority, the military government did not hand over power to the majority party. As the leader of the majority party, Bangabandhu called for a non-cooperation movement. Men as well as women participated in the movement and played a vital role in gaining independence in the country. So, the present article highlights the participation of Bengali women in the non-cooperation movement and their role in the movement.
Approaching Kautaliya Arthashastra from the Communication Perspective
Authors: Adhikary Nirmala Mani
Published: January 2024

Political thoughts on good governance from the Hindu perspective are set by Dandaniti, which is guided by Dharma and Artha in a continuum. Kautilya’s Arthashastra has been one of the most influential sources of political thoughts in Hinduism since over two millennia. The treatise deals with wide-ranging subject matters including politics, economics, governance, administration, philosophy, and so on. Though the emphasis on Artha is self-evident in Arthashastra, the common guiding principle for all affairs of statecraft as envisioned by Kautilya is the concept of Dharma. For instance, raja-dharma, the duty of the King or the ruler, is discussed at length in the classic text. As evident in Arthashastra, Hinduism envisions close interconnection between peace, politics and religion, in which politics guided by Dharma is instrumental for ensuring peace in society. This classical treatise can be approached from the communication perspective, employing certain indicators.
Clientelism and its Influence in the Nepali Press
Authors: Dahal Sudarshan
Published: January 2024

This review explores the clientelist structure in politics and its influence in Nepali media with two aims: first, to identify how the clientelist structure has been practiced and influenced media in Nepal; second, to identify how the media perform the functions of clientelist networks. This review uses desk research of post 1990 documents focusing on the practices of clientelist structure in personalized behavior of the leaders, volatile political culture, fragmented civic society, and mounting corruption index in Nepal. Clientelism was a widely practiced phenomenon and it weakened the ideological base of the political parties and became the causes of uncertainty in Nepali politics. The unstable politics decreased public trust and reputation of the politicians, and visibility became a major concern to the leaders while reaching out to the electorate. In this context, the media became a vital tool to communicate with the public for political goals. The power holders practice clientelism, appointing loyalties in the board of directors in the state-owned media, attempt to endorse press restricted bills, and distribute welfare advertisements and subsidies to the favorable media. The media owners practice clientelism, recruiting professionals with strong political ties, frequently changing editors and journalists to ensure balanced representation of different political connections. The journalists tend to establish political connections and cover news with limited ethical guidelines with reference to their allies and advocate the political strategies of their patronage. Besides political intervention, the shrinking economy in the limited media market, long history of political parallelism of the press and the strong presence of the role of the state might be the explanation for adopting clientelist networks in the media.
Capital Structure of Commercial Banks: A Comparative Analysis of NIBL, NABIL, HBL, EBL and SBI
Authors: Khanal Mohan
Published: January 2024

Capital structure is the combination of long term sources of funding i.e. preferred stock, common stock and long – term debt. Those are used to finance the firm. Capital structure analysis is the basis for analyzing the usefulness of accumulation from different sources of capital composition of capital is another factor, which affects the profitability. Loan capital dominant enterprises have less chance for prosperity despite of their huge profits.Capital structure decision is an important financial effect of capital on profitability and value of the firm. The present study will try to analyze and examine the capital structure of the commercial banks in Nepal. This article compares the capital structure of NIBL, NABIL, HBL, EBL and SBI five commercial banks which are currently operated as ‘A’ class banks in Nepal. It evaluates the capital structure and concludes that the total debt ratio of entire five banks is fluctuating. In order to compare the variables financial analysis, leverage analysis and correlation have been used as analytical tools. The conclusion is drawn on the basis of the total proportion of debt and equity capital of the institutions dealing with the problems in terms of capital formation and their overall effects and difficulties in its implementation.
Cement Stabilization of soft soil subgrade and Cost Analysis
Authors: Paneru Harish , Acharya Mohan Prasad , Acharya Indra Prasad
Published: January 2024

The soft soil when present in subgrade creates a lot of problem in highways. Due to soft soil subgrade, the rutting is predominant cause of flexible pavement failure all around the world. This kind of soil is either replaced or modified prior to construction of other layers of road to minimize the formation of rut. This study deals with stabilization of soft soil subgrade by cement. The sample was collected from a depth around existing road subgrade. A series of laboratory tests on untreated soil sample was first done to determine the competency of soil as a subgrade layer followed by preparation of sample with varying stabilizer content i.e. 4%, 6% and 8% cement by weight of dry soil, to determine the optimum stabilizer content. Samples with varying cement content were also prepared for California Bearing Ratio (hereafter, CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (hereafter, UCS)with different curing periods i.e. 7 days for CBR and 3, 7, 14 and 28 days for UCS. UCS test on these sample showed a significant improvement over the values of natural soil without stabilizer. CBR showed a similar trend and the resulting modified soil was competent enough to be used as a subgrade for heavy traffic condition. The pavement was modelled using Kenpave for 30 and 50 million standard axle (msa) traffic intensity to determine the ideal pavement section for two types of pavement used in this study. In addition, the cost of construction for replacement method and for cement stabilization are determined using norms of Department of Road and District rate of Kathmandu and are compared. The cement stabilized soil with optimum content is found to be cheaper than conventional method of replacement.
Experimental Study on the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Sand by Plastic Pet Bottle Fiber
Authors: Joshi Sudip
Published: January 2024

The use of plastic is increasing day by day, although steps were taken to reduce its consumption. The suitability of replacement of plastic pet bottle fiber as sand in concrete and its advantages are studied here. Plastic bottles are a major issue of solid waste disposal. Several things which were invented for our convenient life are responsible for polluting environment due to improper waste management technique. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is used for carbonated beverage and water bottles. This is an environmental issue as waste plastic bottles are difficult to biodegrade and involve processes either to recycle or reuse. In the Modern world, the construction industry is searching for cost-effective materials for enhancing the strength of concrete structures. This study is carried out with the possibility of using the waste PET bottles as the partial replacement of fine aggregate in Ordinary Portland cement. The percentage substitution that gives higher compressive strength was used for determining the other properties such as flexural strength test.
ChatGPT and artificial intelligence the future of healthcare?
Authors: Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit , Atterbury Todd , Banerjee Indraneel , Leclézio Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence is an upcoming branch of computer science, with applications across the world in each and every industry. The launch of ChatGPT- an advanced and easily accessible machine learning and artificial intelligence application will alter the manner in which both the medical fraternity, research and global healthcare sectors are trained and operate. ChatGPT was launched on the 30th of November 2022, by a San Francisco based software company (OpenAI). ChatGPT is a cutting-edge language model (chatbot) which forms part of the (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) group of software. The powerful inbuilt language model allows the generated response to be humanoid in nature and not to be perceived as being AI generated and therefore attaches a greater innate value to the resultant text, thereby negating the need to re-read and re-write the generated text. The model has multiple advantages across medical education, research, patient treatment and monitoring. As with all technology and models of this nature, innate disadvantages are evident; predominantly in the realm of data security and medicolegal difficulties. ChatGPT is an extremely powerful tool, with limitless capabilities and shall most certainly be useful in optimizing our daily lives and routines. The scope for such powerful artificial intelligence is undeniable and will most certainly gain traction within the medical sector. The healthcare sector will however demand a higher level of refinement and an AI model more specifically designed by and for the healthcare sector before the large-scale implementation thereof within the field will be accepted and viable.
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Hypertension: Its Management and Prevention
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjeev , Adhikari Pragati Gautam , Chhetri Suraj
Published: January 2024

Hypertension is identified when blood pressure is higher than 140/90 mm of Hg. It is in public health concern in the form of systemic disease as well as in ocular manifestations. The main site for ocular changes in hypertension is retina which shows marked arteriolar attenuation, hemorrhages, oedema and swelling of the optic disc. If further uncontrolled vision threatening conditions like revascularization and even retinal detachment may occur in later stages. Other common ocular manifestations are subconjunctival hemorrhages, strabismus, ptosis and cranial verve palsies. Most of the recent treatment is focused in retinal laser therapy and intravitreal injection of anti VEGFs agents. To prevent the ocular manifestations blood pressure should be in strict control with sodium and salt restriction in diet. Adequate physical exercise and proper nutrition can also play crucial role for its management.
PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI HUTAN RAKYAT MILIK BAPAK SUGIMAN DI DESA MANUNGGAL JAYA KECAMATAN TENGGARONG SEBERANG KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Jumani Jumani , Bakrie Ismail , Maulana Fikri , Fajriani Fenny
Published: January 2024

Pertumbuhan tanaman jati secara umum sangat tergantung dari perawatan. Metode kunjungan lapangan dengan Bapak Sugiman sebagai pemilik hutan rakyat dengan pola agroforesatry salah satunya ada tanaman jati seluas 1 ha. Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara dan diskusi. Hasil dari diskusi dan identifikasi di lapangan tanaman jati perlu dilakukan pembersihan gulma dan pemangkasan untuk memberikan ruang tumbuh yang lebih baik. Pelaksanaan pembersihan gulma dan pemangkasan dilakukan setelah dilaksanakan abdimas bersama-sama dari tim Fakultas Pertanian Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda.
PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT KEGIATAN PEMANENAN PADA HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI (HTI) TANAMAN EUCALYPTHUS DI PT SURYA HUTANI JAYA DI SEBULU KABUPATEN KUTAIKARTANEGARA
Authors: Azham Zikri , Emawati Heni , Putra Muryadi , Sipayung Maurid
Published: January 2024

Pemanenan hutan yang dapat diartikan serangkaian tahapan kegiatan yang mengubah nilai potensial hasil hutan. Pemanenan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai kayu yang dapat dibawa keluar dari lahan untuk dijadikan berbagai keperluan seperti pulp dan kertas. Sisa penebangan berkisar 4-10%. Sisa penebangan diharapkan menjadi pupuk kompos dengan cara dicincang atau disebar merata di areal bekas tebangan untuk penanaman tahap berikutnya.
Status Mutu Air Sungai Bedog Akibat Efluen Air Limbah Domestik dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Komunal
Authors: Budiasti Hemalia , Anasstasia Titi Tiara , Utami Ayu , Kristanto Wisnu Aji Dwi , Widiarti Ika Wahyuning
Published: January 2024

Air limbah domestik dihasilkan dari kegiatan sehari-hari masyarakat yang berpotensi menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan lingkungan. Air limbah domestik mengandung beberapa zat pencemar, meliputi TSS, COD,BOD, dan Amoniak. Padukuhan Panasan, Kalurahan Triharjo, Kapanewon Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mempunyai tempat pengolahan air limbah domestik berupa Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Komunal. Permasalahan IPAL komunal pada daerah penelitian, diantaranya pengguna melebihi kapasitas, tebalnya scum, dan belum dilakukan pengecekan kualitas efluen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status mutu air Sungai Bedog setelah dialiri efluen air limbah domestik IPAL komunal yang ditinjau dari Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantiatif yang digunakan, meliputi observasi, sampling, serta uji laboratorium. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan meliputi analisis perhitungan dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status mutu air Sungai Bedog menjadi tercemar ringan dengan nilai IP sebesar 3,7365 setelah dialiri efluen air limbah domestik dari IPAL komunal.