bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit, a Novel DNA Repair Partner of PARP1
Authors: Murai Junko , Pommier Yves
Published: May 2019

There is extensive literature on PARP1, owing to the multiple functions of PARP1 for DNA repair, aging, chromatin remodeling and transcription, and to the successful clinical development of four PARP inhibitors. In this issue of Cancer Research, Wang and colleagues identified phosphatase 1 nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS, also referred to as PP1R10) as a partner of PARP1 and demonstrated that PNUTS and PARP1 are interdependent for their recruitment to DNA damage sites. As PARP1 is a prominent target for cancer therapy and PNUTS has PARP-dependent as well as PARP1-independent activities, the findings of Wang and colleagues add insight into DNA repair mechanisms with potential application to drug targeting and precision therapy.

See related article by Wang et al., p. 2526
17-Hydroxy Wortmannin Restores TRAIL's Response by Ameliorating Increased Beclin 1 Level and Autophagy Function in TRAIL-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Dai Sheng , Yang Shu , Hu Xin , Sun Wei , Tawa Gregory , Zhu Wenge , Schimmer Aaron D. , He Chao , Fang Bingliang , Zhu Hongbo , Zheng Wei
Published: May 2019

Targeting of extrinsic apoptosis pathway by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an attractive approach for cancer therapy. However, two TRAIL drug candidates failed in clinical trials due to lack of efficacy. We identified 17-hydroxy wortmannin (17-HW) in a drug repurposing screen that resensitized TRAIL's response in the resistant colon cancer cells. The deficiency of caspase-8 in drug-resistant cells along with defects in apoptotic cell death was corrected by 17-HW, an inhibitor of PIK3C3-beclin 1 (BECN1) complex and autophagy activity. Further study found that BECN1 significantly increased in the TRAIL-resistant cells, resulting in increased autophagosome formation and enhanced autophagy flux. The extracellular domain (ECD) of BECN1 directly bound to the caspase-8 catalytic subunit (p10), leading to sequestration of caspase-8 in the autophagosome and its subsequent degradation. Inhibition of BECN1 restored the caspase-8 level and TRAIL's apoptotic response in the resistant colon cancer cells. An analysis of 120 colon cancer patient tissues revealed a correlation of a subgroup of patients (30.8%, 37/120) who have high BECN1 level and low caspase-8 level with a poor survival rate. Our study demonstrates that the increased BECN1 accompanied by enhanced autophagy activity is responsible for the TRAIL resistance, and a combination of TRAIL with a PIK3C3-BECN1 inhibitor is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of colon cancer.
The Effect of Antileukotrienes on the Results of Postoperative Treatment of Paranasal Sinuses in Patients with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Stryjewska-Makuch Grażyna , Humeniuk-Arasiewicz Maria , Jura-Szołtys Edyta , Glück Joanna
Published: May 2019

Background: Based on endoscopic examination, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is divided into chronic inflammation with (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). On the basis of the pathomechanism of inflammation, CRS is divided into endotypes. Eosinophilic CRSwNP with coexisting bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a real therapeutic challenge. Aim: Comparative analysis of the results of treatment of patients with CRSwNP, bronchial asthma, or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs (NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease, NERD), using antileukotrienes (leukotriene receptor antagonists, LTRAs) or intranasal glucocorticoids or both drugs together after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Material and Methods: 33 patients (11 male, 33%) with NERD divided into three groups treated with LTRAs or intranasal glucocorticoids or both drugs together were assessed in terms of general well-being, state of pathological changes, and olfactory disorders using the following tools: Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, Visual Analogue Scale, Brief Identification Smell Test, and Lund-Kennedy score before and at 12 months after surgery. CT assessments were made prior to surgery using the Lund-MacKay scale. Results: Comparable efficacy of treatment with nasal steroids and antileukotrienes was found after 12 months of observation of patients. Conclusions: The results suggest comparable efficacy of treatment with nasal steroids and antileukotrienes in patients with NERD after ESS. Treatment with montelukast and mometasone has not been shown to be superior to both drugs administered separately.
Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Nasal Mucociliary Clearance Time in Children
Authors: Mikolajczyk Marek , Janukowicz Krystyna , Majewska Ewa , Baj Zbigniew
Published: May 2019

Background: Mucociliary clearance is one of the most important protective functions of the airway. Previous studies, checking the influence of allergic rhinitis (AR) on mucociliary clearance time (MCT), were made on small patient groups and brought contradictive results. Objectives: The aim of the study is to confirm whether AR in children influences MCT. Methods: The examined group consisted of 842 AR children. A total of 96 children with no history of allergy rhinitis served as a comparative group. All patients underwent saccharin and skin prick tests and tests for blood eosinophilia, nasal eosinophilia, vitamin D3 serum concentration, total and specific IgE serum concentration. Results: Nasal MCT was significantly longer in AR patients (mean ± SD: 10.5 ± 5.65 min) compared to controls (mean ± SD: 7.25 ± 4.3 min). Percentage of eosinophils in nasal smears in patients was significantly higher compared to controls and a weak, but significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage and MCT (r > 0.10, p < 0.008). Patients with intermittent and persistent moderate/ severe AR had significantly longer MCT and higher eosinophilia in nasal smears compared both to patients with intermittent and persistent mild RA and controls. No correlation was observed between MCT and: participant’s age, total serum IgE, vitamin D3 serum concentration, absolute number or percentage of eosinophils in blood, prick test results or duration of illness. Conclusions: AR affects the mucociliary clearance in children, and its deterioration is related to more severe rhinitis with higher intensity of local nasal inflammation, reflected in nasal smear eosinophilia.
Robotic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shah Muhammad Fahd , Nasir Irfan ul Islam  , Parvaiz Amjad
Published: May 2019

Master-slave manipulators (otherwise known as telemanipulators) were introduced into minimally invasive surgery in the 1990s to overcome the limitations of laparoscopic surgery. This led to the development of the first robotic surgical systems which, over the last 10 years, have rapidly gained acceptance among colorectal surgeons. Advantages of robotic surgical systems such as superior instrumentation and field of vision enable precise dissection in confined spaces such as the pelvis, which make it a particularly attractive tool for rectal surgery. The feasibility and safety of robotic rectal surgery is now well established and there is increasing evidence that it might offer superior peri- and postoperative outcomes when compared to laparoscopic rectal surgery. Robotic rectal surgery is easier to learn than laparoscopic surgery and the creation of a structured training program for robotic rectal surgery in Europe has facilitated the learning of this technique in an environment that promotes patient safety and improved patient outcomes through equipment fidelity and operator skill. It is foreseeable that in the near future robotic systems will become part of routine surgical practice in colorectal surgery.
ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНА МОДЕЛЬ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ СЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ СПРАВИ
Authors: Perepadya O. V.
Published: May 2019

Мета: розробити комплексну функціонально-організаційну модель системи управління якістю сестринської справи.

Матеріали і методи. Використовуючи аналітичний метод та метод системного підходу проаналізовано механізми реалізації державної політики у сестринській справі та запропоновано комплексну функціонально-організаційну модель системи управління якістю сестринської справи.

Результати. У статті на основі критичного вивчення та глибокого аналізу досвіду організації управління сестринською службою запропоновано методичний підхід до розробки та запровадження у системі охорони здоров’я України функціонально-організаційної моделі системи управління якістю сестринської справи. На основі отриманих даних для розробки функціонально-організаційної моделі системи управління якістю сестринської справи застосовано системний підхід; визначено складові елементи зазначеної системи; запропоновано та обґрунтовано напрямки розвитку системи на коротко-, середньо- та довгострокову перспективу. Зазначену модель було розроблено із використанням шести компонентів системного підходу із застосуванням інноваційних на сьогодні компонентів, а саме Центр підвищення кваліфікації медичного персоналу, стандарти та алгоритми для медичних сестер у системі управління якістю, а також зростання ролі регіональних асоціацій медичних сестер.

Висновки. Запропоновано комплексну функціонально-організаційну модель системи управління якістю сестринської справи, елементи якої повністю кореспондуються із головними питаннями реформування системи охорони здоров’я та її автономізації.
Incidence of Syncope During Pregnancy: Temporal Trends and Outcomes
Authors: Chatur Safia , Islam Sunjidatul , Moore Linn E. , Sandhu Roopinder K. , Sheldon Robert S. , Kaul Padma
Published: May 2019

Background

We examined temporal trends, timing, and frequency, as well as adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes occurring in the first year postpartum among women experiencing syncope during pregnancy.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective study of pregnancies between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, in the province of Alberta, Canada. Of 481 930 pregnancies, 4667 had an episode of syncope. Poisson regression analysis found a 5% increase/year (rate ratio, 1.05; 95%
CI,
1.04–1.06) in the age‐adjusted incidence of syncope. Overall, 1506 (32.3%) of the syncope episodes first occurred in the first trimester, 2058 (44.1%) in the second trimester, and 1103 (23.6%) in the third trimester; and 8% (n=377) of pregnancies had >1 episode of syncope. Compared with women without syncope, women who experienced syncope were younger (age <25 years; 34.7% versus 20.8%;
P
<0.001), and primiparous (52.1% versus 42.4%;
P
<0.001). The rate of preterm birth was higher in pregnancies with syncope during the first trimester (18.3%), compared with the second (15.8%) and third trimesters (14.2%) and pregnancies without syncope (15.0%;
P
<0.01). The incidence of congenital anomalies among children born of pregnancies with multiple syncope episodes was significantly higher (4.9%) compared with children of pregnancies without syncope (2.9%;
P
<0.01). Within 1 year after delivery, women with syncope during pregnancy had higher rates of cardiac arrhythmias and syncope episodes than women with no syncope during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Pregnant women with syncope, especially when the syncopal event occurs during the first trimester, may be at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and syncope postpartum.
Judicial Responses to Violations of the Emotional, Physical, Psychological and Sexual Integrity of the Child
Authors: Ross Hamish
Published: May 2019

This article examines the use of limitation laws in the context of civil law claims under English law and Scots law brought by adult claimants in relation to allegations of historical abuse in childhood. Using case law as a barometer of judicial attitudes towards such claimants and, by extension, towards the child victims of abuse themselves, differences in judicial approach between the two jurisdictions are critically assessed, entailing some weighing and evaluation of the argumentative coherence and persuasive force of the judicial decision-making in question. Key aspects of the discussion are framed in terms of recurrent issues that have arisen in relevant case law. The overall aim is to inform a wider debate about the success or failure of civil law mechanisms of redress in rendering justice to those whose right to emotional, physical, psychological or sexual integrity has been violated in childhood.
Much Ado about Nothing? The Road to the Incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in Sweden
Authors: Stern Rebecca Thorburn
Published: May 2019

Article 4 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that state parties have a positive obligation to implement the necessary legal measures to secure the rights recognised in the Convention. The crc Committee has stated that incorporation is its preferred method of implementation. In Sweden, the issue of incorporation has been the subject of a lengthy and contentious debate. This article aims to unpack the reasons for this. It is suggested that technical-legal arguments against the incorporation of the crc are grounded in and intertwined with cultural-legal arguments. While these arguments may be more or less clearly expressed by the various parties in the Swedish debate, I argue that they seem to have played an important role in the process through which this international treaty has been made applicable on the domestic level in Sweden.
Atheism 2.0: Searching for Spaces for Atheism in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Louw Maria
Published: May 2019

Recent studies have convincingly demonstrated that Soviet state atheism continues to influence how religion is understood and practiced in present-day Central Asia. In Kyrgyzstan, however, a new generation of atheists is emerging whose ideas about atheism—and about religion—are informed more by globally circulating neo-atheist ideas and images. This paper explores their efforts to live atheist lives and be true to their atheist convictions, and the images of religion that play into the process. Focusing on the role of social media in particular, I will argue that while many, at least initially, embrace these platforms as ways to encounter like-minded individuals and experience moral community, what they encounter there are often images of atheism and its religious “others” with which they cannot identify and which often seem irrelevant to the challenges of everyday life, in which coexistence with (and caring for) religious others are central concerns for many.
Religion, Power, and Contemporary Art in Central Asia: Visualizing and Performing Islam
Authors: Kudaibergenova Diana T.
Published: May 2019

This article examines diverse perceptions and discourses of Islam, fundamentalism, spirituality, and culture in the contemporary Central Asian context, revealed through the study of contemporary art and its discussions about these phenomena. While many online sources and social media accounts provide a framework for different types of religiosity—cultural, pious, or fundamental—contemporary art in the region serves as a platform for critiquing religion as a whole. I use the examples of the most famous works by prominent Central Asian contemporary artists, who discuss Tengriism, Islam, and other religious practices in their works, performances, and videos. The diversity of online platforms that transfer discussions of Islam and religion to the digital forums through which third-wave artists promote their works also create space for more pluralistic views of—and discourses on—Islam.
Change in the Standard Thai High Tone: An Acoustic Study
Authors: Teeranon Phanintra , Rungrojsuwan Rungwimol
Published: May 2019

Standard Thai tones are divided into two categories; namely, level tones (mid tone, low tone, and high tone) and contour tones (falling tone and rising tone).
A Historical Pragmatic Study of Apologies: A Case Study of the Essex Pauper Letters (1731–1837)
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the realizations of apologies as evidenced in the Essex pauper letters of 19th century England are explored. The paper takes a critical look at the forms and functions of apologies, arguing that apologies in such texts are conventionalized in form. Taking into consideration the social norms of writing specific to this speech community, the study makes a distinction between two main functions of apologies and argues that apologies under scrutiny are not a politeness device that repairs and redresses an offence; rather, they exemplify a politic behavior that helps in the negotiation of interpersonal relationships and the attainment of the writers’ discursive goal.
Referential Choices in Narratives of 4-Year-Old Thai-Speaking Children
Authors: Ratitamkul Theeraporn
Published: May 2019

This paper examines how 4-year-old Thaispeaking children made referential choices when referring to animate entities in a story. The aim is to answer two questions. First, do young Thai children’s narratives exhibit Preferred Argument Structure (PAS) patterns (Du Bois 1987)? And, second, do young Thai children differentiate their choice of referential forms based on discourse contexts? It was found that children’s selection of referential forms generally followed the PAS constraints. The only constraint that was not strictly observed was the Non-lexical A constraint. Furthermore, children were found to be influenced by discourse contexts when they expressed arguments in subject positions. The evidence also showed that, at 4 years of age, children showed a preference for lexical forms and were not yet fully capable of using referential forms to create coherence in narratives.
Sacralization of the Mekong River Through Folk Narratives
Authors: Hongsuwan Pathom
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to identify the construction of the sacredness of the Mekong River through folk narratives created by the communities of Tibet, China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, located along the banks of the Mekong River.
Formant Transitions as Effective Cues to Differentiate the Places of Articulation of Ban Pa La-U Sgaw Karen Nasals
Authors: Kerdpol Karnthida
Published: May 2019

The Sgaw Karen dialect of Ban Pa La–u, Amphoe Hua Hin, Thailand, has four nasals: /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, and /ŋ/, that appear in syllable–initial position. Review of the relevant literature indicates that initial /ɲ/ has been less studied acoustically due to the lack of palatal nasals in the consonant systems of most languages. Thus, this Sgaw Karen dialect is suitable for investigating the place of articulation of nasals.
Landscape Terms of Thai Coast-Dwellers
Authors: Kamnuansin Sunee
Published: May 2019

This paper examines terms and classification of landscape among coastdwellers who earn a living by exploiting marine resources. It is based on fieldwork conducted from the end of 2009 to the end of 2010 with a group of local Thai coastal dwellers in Bang Khunsai Subdistrict, Ban Laem District in Phetchaburi Province. Data collection involved interviews and observation, especially during fieldwalking in the area with the locals. An analysis of componential meaning and folk taxonomy is applied for this study. Landscape terms reflect the coast-dwellers’ perceptions and classification system of their natural environments and enable us to understand the local ecological knowledge, a crucial knowledge base for management, utilization, and conservation of marine resources. It is also seen as an important part of their cultural heritage.
Rewriting Genders, Revising Genres: Reading Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber” As a Female Bildungsroman
Authors: Boonpromkul Phacharawan
Published: May 2019

Built on the storyline of the traditional fairy tale “Bluebeard,” Angela Carter’s short story “The Bloody Chamber” (1979) contains striking alterations in the use of the first-person narrator, ambivalent and complex characterization, explicit sexual description and a revised ending; all of which have given rise to heated arguments among feminist scholars and literary critics. This paper relies on a close reading analysis and engages in the ongoing discussions by considering the problematic categorization of the story—as a fairy tale, a pornographic fiction, a gothic horror, and especially as a bildungsroman novel—in relation to several gender aspects such as power relations between the sexes, the concept of gaze, sadomasochism and the representation of men and women and their relationship. By focusing on gender issues in the short story and using the narrative structures of these genres as a framework, Carter’s ingenious revision of the norms becomes a sharper critique of the restrictions of the traditional genres, as well as the oppressive social and patriarchal ideologies hidden in them. Also, the study reveals how the short story can be a totally different read with the education of the female narrator at the center because the lesson learnt is not a reproof of female curiosity as the traditional “Bluebeard” endeavors to deliver but is her own sexual awareness, readjustment of certain values and the realization of female bonding and realizable autonomy outside the conventional realm of matrimony.
Chinatown in Bangkok: The Multilingual Landscape
Authors: Wu Hongmei , Techasan Sethawut
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the linguistic landscape (shop names) of Chinatown in Bangkok, a prosperous minority language (Chinese) community of diverse commercial establishments. Informed by an ethnographic framework, it explores the preservation of Chinese language and culture under the circumstance of language contact with Thai, the majority language, and globalization influence of English. Unsurprisingly, the inherited Chinese language (dialects as Teochew or Cantonese) was lost in the 2nd or 3rd generation of the Chinese descendants in Chinatown. However, the shop names suggest that in part because of its commodifying value and cultural awareness of the current proprietors, the Chinese shop owners are inclined to preserve the Chinese language and culture of the shops through the use of traditional Chinese characters, colors, layout and other marks of the shops. On the other hand, an analysis of the mutual translations of Chinese and Thai indicates that Chinese has more of a symbolic rather than informative function for Thai monolingual customers. Moreover, the ascendancy of English has contributed to the complexity of the multilingual landscape in Bangkok’s Chinatown.
Yodaya: Thai Classical Music in Myanmar Culture
Authors: Phaksuchon Suradit , Rungrueang Panya
Published: May 2019

Yodaya is one of the music genres in Myanmar’s musical culture. It was initially tied to the Myanmar royal court in the past and has ever since infiltrated the Myanmar way of life up until the present day. This qualitative study was set out to: 1) investigate the historical development of Yodaya, and 2) examine the features and representation of Thai classical music in Yodaya. Data was gathered between August 2009 and March 2014 through multiple techniques: survey, interview, observation, field-notes and documentary analysis. Informants included five experts, eight practitioners and four related people in Yangon and Mandalay cities in Myanmar. Data was validated by means of a triangulation method based on defined objectives and was presented following analytical description.
Will-Less Contemplation through Listening to Music - An Epistemic Process Analysis of Arthur Schopenhauer’s Concept of Music
Authors: David Tan Weng Chiang
Published: May 2019

The will has been Arthur Schopenhauer’s concept for the true inner nature or the thing-in-itself of the world. The will that is within a person causes suffering to the person. A person is driven by the will for some kind of fulfillment and once he or she attains that fulfillment, he or she very quickly moves to a new desire, otherwise boredom will set in. If the person fails to attain the fulfillment, he or she will feel dismay. Given this, a person’s inner will does not allow him or her lasting fulfillment and obtaining peace and happiness. Another kind of will leading to suffering within a person is caused by the ‘blind’ will. The will acts blindly within a person, driving a person without any reason or cause and the person has no conscious control over these blind strivings of the will. Schopenhauer proposed that aesthetic contemplation of artworks could provide relief from our will leading to sufferings, though temporarily. Music, however, is a kind of artwork that Schopenhauer considers standing apart from the other kinds of art works. Music according to Schopenhauer is a direct manifestation (Abbild) of the will. Music is “…as immediate an objectification and copy of the whole will…” However, in accordance with Schopenhauer’s concept of aesthetic contemplation, it seems that Schopenhauer has fallen short of explaining specifically on how experiencing music as a direct manifestation (Abbild) of the will provides relief from the will driven suffering? In other words, how a listener of music can become “…will-less…” (Schopenhauer 1969:179) thereby gaining relief from the will and suffering? This research paper examines and analyzes Schopenhauer’s concepts of aesthetic contemplation and music for formulating how listening to music can bring relief to the will driven sufferings of a listener. The findings of this research arrived at the formulation that non-imitative music (i.e. music that does not imitate the phenomenon): (1) Acts directly on a listener’s inner willing and the listener resonates with the music; (2) Causes the listener to experience an essence of emotions; and (3) As a result of (1) and (2) the listener feels transcended out of space and causality, is suspended from will driven suffering and becomes a will-less listener of music.
Language Shift and Identity: Exploring Factors Which Condition Identity When a Traditional Language is Lost
Authors: Eberhard David M.
Published: May 2019

The loss of a minority group’s language may or may not be accompanied by the loss of the same group’s identity. This study explores the factors that appear to condition identity choices among minority communities. A number of language communities in advanced stages of language shift are chosen as case studies. Based on these case studies, a framework is proposed that organizes the factors involved in group identity choices into either language internal or language ecology factors, each with their own set of relevant characteristics. The benefit of this new approach over previous explanations is its ability to describe identity choices from a wide array of motivations. Such a framework will facilitate future researchers considering this question, providing them with a roadmap to navigate the various identity options.
Adorned Body, Female Language, and Emotional Marriage Between Chinese Women in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan
Authors: Phasomsup Pannawish
Published: May 2019

This research paper focuses on the study of Chinese women's social status and tactics for survival in a patriarchal society in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan written by Lisa See. The author reveals the agony of the foot-binding tradition Chinese women had to undergo in the feudal period. Lisa See also demonstrates how female characters survived such circumstances by means of learning Nü Shu, a woman's writing invented by women for women to express their grievances and inner feelings, and of creating an emotional companionship between women called 'Laotong', which is significant for survival under the male dominance.
Language Attitudes of Thai Working Adults Toward Native and Non-native English Varieties
Authors: Prakaianurat Pichet , Kangkun Preena
Published: May 2019

The role of English as an international language (EIL) has prompted scholars to call for a shift in paradigm from teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) to teaching English as an international language EIL (Boriboon 2011; Jenkins 2007; Kirkpatrick 2010; McKay 2002; McKay and Bokhorst-Heng 2008). While this view seems practical at a time when English is increasingly being used as a lingua franca, it also calls for a study of people’s perceptions toward different English varieties since people’s attitudes can have a direct impact on educational practices, second-language learning, and identity construction of English speakers. This present study investigates language attitudes of 80 Thai working adults toward native (American and British) and nonnative (Filipino, Singaporean, and Thai) varieties in terms of social status and competence, attractiveness, and linguistic quality through the use of the Verbal Guise Test (VGT) (80 participants) and semistructured interviews (10 participants). The results showed that the dominance of native varieties still prevails as native varieties are perceived more favorably than non-native counterparts in all dimensions, and remain the English accents that Thai speakers of English want to learn and use. The results also indicate that Thai speakers of English aim for certain native-based varieties due to intelligibility, the ownership of English, and identity reasons. Findings suggest the importance of awareness-raising of the diversity of English varieties among Thai speakers of English in order to promote a sense of linguistic tolerance and prepare them for interactions in ELF contexts where English is used as a default language for those whose native language is not shared.
A new genus for “Neocallichirus” grandis Karasawa & Goda, 1996, a ghost shrimp species (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) heretofore known only by fossil materials
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , YOKOOKA HIROYUKI , HENMI YUMI , ITANI GYO
Published: May 2019

A new genus of the family Callianassidae, Laticallichirus, is established for “Neocallichirus” grandis Karasawa & Goda, 1996, a ghost shrimp species heretofore represented only by fossil materials from the middle to upper Pleistocene of Japan. The newly collected specimens came from two Japanese localities: Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture (Suruga Bay) and Tosa, Kochi Prefecture (Tosa Bay), included within the known geographical range derived from fossil records. The species identification was based on the close agreement in the cheliped morphology and the known fossil distributions. The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Callichirinae Manning & Felder, 1991, and compared with seven genera, Balsscallichirus Sakai, 2011, Callichirus Stimpson, 1866, Callichiropsis Sakai, 2010, Grynaminna Poore, 2000, Michaelcallianassa Sakai, 2002, Lepidophthalmus Holmes, 1904 and Podocallichirus Sakai, 1999, all characterized by the antennular peduncle being longer and stouter than the antennal peduncle. The new genus is characteristic in combination of the following characters: rostrum spiniform; maxilliped 3 devoid of exopod; ischium-merus of maxilliped 3 broadly operculiform; maxilliped 3 ischium devoid of crista dentata; major cheliped devoid of meral hook or associated lobe-like structure; tergites of the pleomeres 3–5 without conspicuous ornamentation; male pleopod 2 biramous, its endopod devoid of appendices interna and masculina; uropodal endopod suboval in shape; telson distinctly wider than long, with shallowly concave posterior margin. The genetic analysis using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA places the new genus as sister to Callichirus Stimpson, 1866, although bootstrap support for major branches is generally low. The newly collected specimens were found in burrows in soft sediments of shallow subtidal zone being accessible at low tide.
Morphological and genetic analysis of Milnesium cf. granulatum (Tardigrada: Milnesiidae) from Northeastern North America‡
Authors: JACKSON KATHY JO A. , MEYER HARRY A.
Published: May 2019

Specimens of a limnoterrestrial tardigrade collected from moss in New Hampshire, USA and Newfoundland, Canada were identified as belonging to the genus Milnesium. Morphometric data and genetic analysis of the COI gene demonstrated that animals collected from these sites represent the same species. Specimens most closely resemble Milnesium granulatum, a South American species that has been reported also from Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), USA. New Hampshire and Newfoundland animals have the same adult claw configuration and cuticular granulation pattern as M. granulatum. Theira* (i.e., normalized to correct for allometric effects) pt values differ from GSMNP M. granulatum in having a more posterior stylet support insertion point. However, all their morphometric values overlap in range with GSMNP specimens. Unlike some other species in the genus, the claw configuration of New Hampshire Milnesium cf. granulatum shows no ontogenetic change in claw configuration. A short (269 bp on average) fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) was sequenced for 20 New Hampshire adults and from siblings hatched in the laboratory from 8 egg clutches. Genetic diversity among New Hampshire adults was 0.0–3.7%. Multiple haplotypes were found between siblings in a single clutch.
Vertical Resolution Requirements in Atmospheric Simulation
Authors: Skamarock William C. , Snyder Chris , Klemp Joseph B. , Park Sang-Hun
Published: May 2019

The role of vertical mesh spacing in the convergence of full-physics global atmospheric model solutions is examined for synoptic, mesoscale, and convective-scale horizontal resolutions. Using the MPAS-Atmosphere model, convergence is evaluated for three solution metrics: the horizontal kinetic energy spectrum, the Richardson number probability density function, and resolved flow features. All three metrics exhibit convergence in the free atmosphere for a 15-km horizontal mesh when the vertical grid spacing is less than or equal to 200 m. Nonconvergence is accompanied by noise, spurious structures, reduced levels of mesoscale kinetic energy, and reduced Richardson number peak frequencies. Coarser horizontal mesh solutions converge in a similar manner but contain much less noise than the 15-km solutions for coarse vertical resolution. For convective-scale resolution simulations with 3-km cell spacing on a variable-resolution mesh, solution convergence is almost attained with a vertical mesh spacing of 200 m. The boundary layer scheme is the dominant source of vertical filtering in the free atmosphere. Although the increased vertical mixing at coarser vertical mesh spacing depresses the kinetic energy spectra and Richardson number convergence, it does not produce sufficient dissipation to effectively halt scale collapse. These results confirm and extend the results from a number of previous studies, and further emphasize the sensitivity of the energetics to the vertical mixing formulations in the model.
Teleanalysis: Slippery Slope or Rich Opportunity?
Authors: Ehrlich Lena Theodorou
Published: May 2019

In certain cases, and under certain conditions, extremely useful analytic work can be done on the phone or through videoconferencing. Contrary to what some critics of teleanalysis maintain, with patients who are motivated and can make use of analysis, physical distance between analyst and patient and/or occasional technological difficulties do not limit or preclude successful analysis. Clinical material from three teleanalyses demonstrates various conditions that help make teleanalysis useful. Instead of being a disadvantage, the juxtaposition of the experience of the “tele” and the in-person settings (in occasional in-person sessions) provides increased and unique opportunities for analysis.
Occupational performance and multisensory stimulation during post-traumatic amnesia: An observational and randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Walsh Hayley , Fleming Jennifer , Silvestre Edo Cristina , Bernabeu Guitart Montserrat , Murillo Narda
Published: May 2019

Background.

Occupational performance (OP) and interventions during post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) following traumatic brain injury are poorly understood.

Purpose.

This study aims to describe a study protocol to (a) track person factors of OP throughout PTA and (b) assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol comparing an occupation-based multisensory stimulation and environmental enrichment intervention with usual care during PTA.

Method.

A prospective observational study will be conducted with an embedded Phase II RCT with 30 participants in PTA. Participants will be randomly assigned to group and regularly assessed on PTA and OP measures. Feasibility aspects will be recorded in a logbook. All measures will be repeated at PTA resolution and 1 month later, with a follow-up questionnaire completed at 6 months postinjury.

Findings.

Observational data will be analyzed using correlations. Feasibility will be examined descriptively, and group comparisons will be conducted to determine effect size.

Implications.

Results will provide a broader understanding of OP during PTA and inform future trials.
Formative Learning Experiences of Urban Mathematics Teachers’ and Their Role in Classroom Care Practices and Student Belonging
Authors: Matthews Jamaal Sharif
Published: May 2019

Mathematics teachers’ preteaching experiences as mathematics learners can affect their identity and practice in supporting their own students’ learning and motivation in mathematics. However, little empirical data exist on teachers’ formative experiences to guide these assumptions, particularly how teachers draw on these experiences when teaching, motivating, and caring for underserved students of color. This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study examines the formative mathematical experiences of 12 teachers currently serving Black and Latinx adolescents in an urban school district with concentrated poverty. Semi-structured interviews allowed teachers to reflect on their formative experiences as mathematics students, structured classroom observations assessed their current classroom care practices as teachers, and finally, questionnaires and a standardized mathematics assessment were used to examine their students’ ( n = 329) mathematical outcomes. This integration of methods provided three levels of inquiry for triangulation and interpretation. Results showed that teachers developed an ethic of perseverance through their formative experiences, which closely tied to their mathematics identity. However, teachers’ perceptions on what enabled them to persevere through challenges as students (i.e., people-support vs. personal-initiative) revealed clear differences in the emotional and instructional support techniques they provided in their classrooms and subsequently their students’ sense of belonging in mathematics. Teachers who discussed the role of people-support in their formative reflections were more likely to possess a critical consciousness on the interpersonal and systemic forces that work against Black and Latinx adolescents and thus enact empathetic care patterns. Furthermore, their observed classroom care patterns mediated the relation between their formative experiences and their students’ sense of belonging in mathematics.
The Influence of Emigration on Tourism Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Song Changyao , Shi Shanshan , Chen Jamie M. , Nijkamp Peter , Li Xinjian
Published: May 2019

With the growth of economic globalization and international tourism, tourism outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has become a significant phenomenon in the development of the tourism industry. This article aims to estimate how emigration affects OFDI in tourism. It develops the theoretical framework of the effects of emigration on tourism OFDI, including the outbound tourism effect, the economic effect, the cultural effect, and the social effect. The empirical evidence in China reveals a significant effect of Chinese emigration on China’s tourism OFDI. However, this positive effect is found to decrease over time. This study also suggests that the level of development in the destination country, cultural distance, and geographical distance determine the size of this positive effect. Lastly, it was found that Chinese emigration has also had a positive effect on China’s OFDI in tourism to developed economies and neighboring economies.
The Behaviors, Benefits, and Barriers of Humanitarian Aid Leader Humility
Authors: Shannonhouse Laura R. , Mize Mary Chase Breedlove , Hall M. Elizabeth Lewis , Aten Jamie D. , Wang David C. , Davis Edward B. , Van Tongeren Daryl R.
Published: May 2019

This study explores how humility is contextualized in the culture of faith-based humanitarian aid leadership. Consensual Qualitative Research was used to synthesize the personal and observational experiences of 13 humanitarian aid leader exemplars. Characteristics and behaviors of humble leaders are discussed, along with the benefits of humble leadership on aid workers, local partners, and recipients of humanitarian aid services. A theistic dimension of humility is noted along with an outcome pathway for humble practice which considers barriers native to the humanitarian aid context.
Resilient control of switched systems in conditions of input delay and cyber attacks
Authors: Fattahi Maryam , Afshar Ahmad
Published: May 2019

The subject of this article is to propose novel resilient control strategies for switched systems in conditions of input delay and cyber-attacks. At first it is assumed that the attacker can access the sensor of the system and consequently injects unknown false data to the sensor. Next, it is assumed that attacker can access the control block channel and consequently injects unknown nonlinear false data to the controller and also simultaneously can access the actuator, resulting in the loss of effectiveness of the actuator. In such conditions, novel resilient control strategies are proposed to keep the performance of the attacked system up to a reasonable security bound. To achieve resilience in such conditions, Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method is applied to show the uniformly ultimately bounded behavior of the system. Finally, for an evaluating approach, two illustrative examples will be solved.
Career and College Readiness: A Summary of Two Sessions at the AFB Leadership Conference on Orientation and Mobility and Transition Services for Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Danaher Shelley
Published: May 2019

Editor’s Note: This commentary is based on the conference sessions, “Orientation and Mobility Career, College and Community Readiness Standards,” by Kathryn Botsford and Mary Tellefson, and “Engaging Students, Families and Teams for Success After High School,” by Sheila Koenig, which took place on Thursday, February 28, 2019, and Friday, March 1, 2019, respectively, at the American Foundation for the Blind Leadership Conference in Arlington, VA.
Evaluation of Ototoxicity of an Antifog Agent and the Suspected Underlying Mechanisms: An Animal Study
Authors: Rhee Jihye , Han Eunjung , Rah Yoon Chan , Park Saemi , Koun Soonil , Choi June
Published: May 2019

Use of rigid endoscopes has become widespread in middle ear surgeries, thereby attracting attention to the safety of antifog agents. However, few studies on the ototoxicity of antifog agents have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hair cell damage and the underlying mechanisms caused by antifog agents using zebrafish larvae. We exposed zebrafish larvae at 3 days postfertilization to various concentrations of the antifog agent, Ultrastop (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08%) for 72 hours. The average number of hair cells within 4 neuromasts of larvae, including supraorbital (SO1 and SO2), otic (O1), and occipital (OC1), in the control group were compared to those in the exposure groups. Significant hair cell loss was observed in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group ( P < .01; control: 53.88 ± 4.85, 0.01%: 45.08 ± 11.70, 0.02%: 41.36 ± 12.00, 0.04%: 35.36 ± 16.18, and 0.08%: 15.60 ± 7.53 cells). Concentration-dependent increase in hair cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (control: 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.01%: 3.48 ± 2.18, 0.02%: 9.64 ± 5.75, 0.04%: 17.72 ± 6.26, and 0.08%: 14.60 ± 8.18 cells) and decrease in the viability of hair cell mitochondria by 2-(4-[dimethylamino] styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide assay (control: 9.61 ± 1.47, 0.01%: 8.28 ± 2.22, 0.02%: 8.45 ± 2.72, 0.04%: 7.25 ± 2.44, and 0.08%: 6.77 ± 3.26 percentage of total area) were observed. Antifog agent exposure can cause hair cell damage in zebrafish larvae, possibly by induction of mitochondrial damage with subsequent apoptosis of hair cells.
An Initial Evaluation of a Concurrent Operant Analysis Framework to Identify Reinforcers for Work Completion
Authors: Lloyd Blair P. , Randall Kayla R. , Weaver Emily S. , Staubitz Johanna L. , Parikh Naomi
Published: May 2019

Although functional analysis is a powerful tool for testing the function of challenging behavior, it is not always feasible or appropriate to include as a component of functional behavior assessment (FBA). Alternative experimental analysis methods are needed to inform individualized interventions in schools, particularly for students who engage in passive forms of problem behavior. We evaluated a concurrent operant analysis (COA) framework to identify reinforcers for appropriate replacement behaviors for four students referred for FBA and reported by teachers to engage in low levels of work completion. After completing two COAs per student (researcher-as-therapist and teacher-as-therapist), we used alternating treatments designs to compare the effects of an intervention matched with COA outcomes to intervention conditions that were not matched to COA outcomes on levels of work completion and task engagement. COA outcomes corresponded across therapists for three of four participants and intervention results validated COA outcomes for two of these participants. Although results of this initial investigation seem promising, more research on COA frameworks is needed to determine their utility to guide reinforcement-based interventions in schools.
Acute intraventricular migration of a transcatheter aortic prosthesis
Authors: Re Federico Del , Pascarella Clemente , Pratali Stefano , Celiento Michele , Bortolotti Uberto
Published: May 2019

We describe a low-risk patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation after refusing conventional surgery. During the procedure, prosthesis migration into the left ventricle prompted emergency surgical aortic valve replacement. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is currently indicated in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis; its role in intermediate-risk subjects remains controversial, while in low-risk patients, surgery is still the procedure of choice. Because of such severe unpredictable procedure-related complications, the management of low-risk patients refusing surgery may be difficult. Whether the heart team should also consider potential ethical and economic aspects remains to be defined.