bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gutenberg-Richter b value studies along the Mexican Subduction Zone and data constraints
Authors: Ávila-Barrientos Lenin , Nava Pichardo F. Alejandro
Published: April 2021

The Gutenberg-Richter b value is one of the most important tools for seismic hazard studies; this value is most useful in estimating seismicity rates, and also is related to ambient stress levels and shows changes precursory to the occurrence of large earthquakes. However, correct and reliable determinations of the b value are critically dependent on having adequate data samples. Studies oriented to corroborate whether precursory changes in the b value occur before large (M ? 7.0) along the Mexican subduction zone, were done based on data from the Servicio Sismológico Nacional (SSN, Mexico’s National Seismological Service) seismic catalog, from 1988 to 2018. Results for five earthquakes are suggestive that precursory changes may occur, but differences between measured values are not significant because of large uncertainties due to the SSN using different magnitude scales for small (below M ~4.5) and medium to large (above M ~4.5) magnitudes. We submit that until an appropriate scale is implemented for small magnitudes, results from b-value studies based on SSN data should be considered critically.
IL-1β-pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem/stromal cells’ secretome modulates the inflammatory response and aggrecan deposition in intervertebral disc
Authors:   I3S – Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal, Ferreira JR , Teixeira GQ , Neto e , Ribeiro-Machado c , Silva AM , Caldeira J , Leite Pereira C , Bidarra S , Maia AF , Lamghari M , Barbosa MA , Gonçalves RM
Published: April 2021

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been increasingly used in clinical trials for low-back pain (LBP) and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration with promising results. Their action mechanisms are not fully understood, but they reduce IVD pro-inflammatory markers in a pro-inflammatory/degenerative IVD microenvironment. In this study the therapeutic potential of the MSC secretome, as an alternative cell-free approach for treating degenerated IVDs, was examined. Human bone marrow-derived MSC secretome (MSCsec) was collected after 48 h of preconditioning in IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and low oxygen (6 % O2), mimicking the degenerative IVD. IL-1β-pre-conditioning of MSCs increased secretion of pro-inflammatory markers hIL-6, hIL-8, hMCP-1, etc. The therapeutic effect of MSCsec was tested in a pro-inflammatory/degenerative IVD ex vivo model. MSCsec down-regulated IVD gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (bIL-6, bIL-8) and matrix degrading enzyme bMMP1, while bMMP3 and bTIMP2 were up-regulated, at 48 h. After 14 d, MSCsec-treated IVDs revealed increased aggrecan deposition, although no differences in other ECM components were observed. Protein analysis of the MSCsec-treated IVD supernatant revealed a significant increase of CXCL1, MCP-1, MIP-3α, IL-6, IL-8 and GRO α/β/γ (related to TNF, NOD-like receptor and neutrophil chemotaxis signalling), and a decrease of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α (associated with T-cell receptor signalling). MSCsec-treated IVD supernatants did not promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vitro. Overall, MSCsec can be a safe therapeutic approach, presenting a strong immunomodulatory role in degenerated IVD while potentiating aggrecan deposition, which can open new perspectives on the use of MSCsec as a cell-based/ cell-free therapeutic approach to LBP.
Análisis técnico-económico de naves industriales mediante interpolación no lineal de Lagrange
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Loachamin-Chano Diego Fernando , Freire Luna Andrea Elizabeth ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Guerrero Cuasapaz David Patricio ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Guerrón Figueroa Milton Bolívar ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana
Published: April 2021

Debido al notable incremento de construcciones de naves industriales en Ecuador, es necesario realizar un análisis técnico-económico para conocer la incidencia del costo de materiales sobre ellas. Para ello, se elaboró una muestra de 40 naves, fijando relación entre luz libre (L), altura del pórtico (H) y distancia entre pórticos (B), con el propósito de determinar una métrica. Para este estudio se estableció el peso de la estructura en kg/m². Con los resultados se aplicó un modelo matemático (interpolación de Lagrange), se obtuvo un polinomio que describe el modelo de cada grupo de naves y su representación gráfica, por consiguiente, se determinó una aproximación del peso de estructuras. Las métricas que se hallaron tienen una repercusión directa en el costo de los materiales de las estructuras, estas se obtuvieron al multiplicarlas por el costo del kg de acero. Se realizó una comprobación con una muestra de 6 naves, en las se halló el peso utilizando el diseño por factores de carga y resistencia y luego con el polinomio; obteniéndose un error: para naves moduladas a 5 m una media de 0,03 % con una desviación de 0,03 y para naves moduladas a 6 m, una media de 0,07 % con una desviación de 0,03
Problems of beam bending solution on the basis of variation criterion of critical energy levels
Authors: Stupishin Leonid Yu. , Moshkevich Mariya L.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of variational formulations of structural mechanics problems using the example of the problems of bending beams. The existing variational approaches, the nonlinear theory of bending of beams, as well as the classical methods of resistance of materials, are not able to explain a number of issues related to the discrepancy between the results of theory and experiments, for example, in problems of pure and transverse bending of beams. To solve these issues, variational formulations and the criterion of critical levels of the internal potential energy of deformation, developed by the authors, are used.

Materials and methods. For the internal potential energy of a deformed body, the stationarity condition at critical levels is written, which makes it possible to obtain equations of state that describe the self-stress of the structure. It is shown that a mathematical model of the state of a structure at critical levels of potential energy of deformation leads to an eigenvalue problem. The quantities characterizing the formulation of problems when formulating in generalized efforts and generalized displacements are discussed.

Results. Using the examples of problems of pure bending and direct transverse bending of simple beams by a concentrated force, the formulation of the problem and the method of its solution are shown. The diagrams of deflections and bending moments are given, and the magnitudes of the amplitude values in the middle of the span are given. It is shown that for simple beams in problems of pure bending and transverse bending, the maximum values of the moments are achieved in the middle of the beam span, as in the experiment.

Conclusion. The results are discussed and compared with the data obtained in the theory of flexible rods. It is noted that the dangerous section in two approaches having different physical nature is located in the middle of the beam span. The boundaries of discrepancy between the results for displacements, moments of internal forces and stresses are shown. It is noted that the results obtained according to the linear theory of strength of materials lead to a significant margin of safety. The prospects for the development of the theory of critical levels of internal potential energy of deformation, and the possibility of applying the technique to problems of structural mechanics are discussed.
Improvement of methods for pile foundations design on settlement
Authors: Utkin Vladimir S. , Sushev Leonid A. , Solovev Sergey A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The paper describes a new approach for pile foundations design. The system of mechanical impacts is described in a new way for the pile foundation design based on the foundation settlement taking into account the distribution of elastic deformation of the pile material in a soil base.

Materials and methods. In contrast to the existing approaches to determining the pile settlement due to elastic deformations of the pile material, all impacts in the form of load from the pile cap, friction forces on the pile lateral surface and the actual reaction at the pile tip are taken into account differentially according to the principle of forces independence. The new design equation is proposed to describe the distribution of friction forces on the lateral surface of the pile. The friction forces in a homogeneous soil of the base are represented as a parabolic distribution function, and not as a linearly increasing one, as established in the standards.

Results. As a result, the equation is obtained for a pile settlement design due to the elastic strain of pile material. An example of calculating the pile settlement according to the proposed method and comparing the results with existing methods is given. Negative friction forces from the reaction of the soil under the lower end of the pile increase the value of the elastic deformation of the pile shaft.

Conclusions. The refined equation for calculating the elastic component of the pile settlement makes it possible to obtain a lower value of the settlement in comparison with the standard approach by taking into account the influence of friction forces of the soil along the pile lateral surface. The proposed method for pile foundations design based on the settlement can serve as a justification for the reserve of the load-bearing capacity of the pile foundation according to the settlement criterion which will allows obtaining a certain economic effect.
Rankings of International Achievement Test Performance and Economic Strength: Correlation or Conjecture?
Authors: Tienken Christopher H
Published: April 2021

Examining a popular political notion, this article presents results from a series of Spearman Rho calculations conducted to investigate relationships between countries’ rankings on international tests of mathematics and science and future economic competitiveness as measured by the 2006 World Economic Forum’s Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI). The study investigated the existence of relationships between international test rankings from three different time periods during the last 50 years of U.S. education policy development (i.e., 1957–1982, 1983–2000, and 2001–2006) and 2006 GCI ranks. It extends previous research on the topic by investigating how GCI rankings in the top 50 percent and bottom 50 percent relate to rankings on international tests for the countries that participated in each test. The study found that the relationship between ranks on international tests of mathematics and science and future economic strength is stronger among nations with lower-performing economies. Nations with strong economies, such as the United States, demonstrate a weaker, nonsignificant relationship.
The Effects of Educational Accountability on Teachers: Are Policies Too Stress Provoking for Their Own Good?
Authors: Berryhill Joseph , Linney Jean Ann , Fromewick Jill
Published: April 2021

Education policies in the United States and other nations have established academic standards and made teachers accountable for improved standardized test scores. Because policies can have unintended effects, in this study we investigated U.S. elementary school teachers’ perceptions of their state’s accountability policy, particularly its effect on their job engagement. We found support for a path model relating lack of policy support to teacher burnout via two mediators: role conflict and reduced self-efficacy. Results of interviews with a subset of teachers were consistent with the model. We conclude with recommendations to reduce teacher stress in manners consistent with the goals of accountability policies.
Isolation and identification of microbial species found in cocoa fermentation as microbial starter culture candidates for cocoa bean fermentation in Colombia.
Authors: Lozano Tovar Maria Denis , Tibasosa Geraldine , González Carlos Mario , Ballestas Alvarez Karen , Lopez Hernandez Martha Del Pilar , Rodríguez Villamizar Fernando
Published: April 2021

Microbial activity involved in the cocoa beans fermentation process is essential to maintain and improve the organoleptic and nutritional qualities of chocolate; therefore, the aim of this investigation was to search and select microbial isolates with the potential to improve the quality of cocoa beans. Fermentation experimentswere conducted on farms located in Maceo (Antioquia), San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander), and Rivera and Algeciras (Huila), Colombia. Yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were obtained from different fermentation batches. The growth of these microorganismswas tested in six treatments as follows: 50% cocoa pulp agar (CPA), high concentrations of glucose (10%), ethanol (5%), and acetic acid (7%), an acidic pH of 3.0, and a high temperature of 50oC for 24 h. The isolates with the highest growth were identified by 18S and 16S rRNA gene analysis, revealing a high diversity ofspecies associated with cocoa fermentation, including eight species of yeasts (Debaryomyces hansenii, Meyerozyma guillermondii, Wickerhanomyces anomalus, Pichia guillermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Trichosporon asahii, Candida parapsilosis, and Pichia manshurica), six species of LAB (Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus farraginis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides), four species of AAB (Gluconobacter japonicus, Acetobacter tropicalis, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Acetobacter malorum/tropicalis), and three species of Bacillus spp. (Bacillusaryabhattai /megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus coagulans). In general, microbial populations increased in cocoa batches after 12 h of fermentation and decreased after 84-96 h. All the yeast isolates grew in 10% glucose and CPA, 85.7% in 5% ethanol, and 95% at a pH of 3.0. All the yeast isolates were affectedby 7% acetic acid and incubation at 50oC for 24 h. Eighty-five percent of the LAB grew in 10% glucose, 100% in 5% ethanol, 42.8% in CPA, 64% at a pH of 3.0, and 35.7% grew after being exposed to 50oC for 24 h; all were affected by 7% acetic acid. As for the AAB, 100% grew in 10% glucose, 71% in 7% ethanol, 100% grew in CPA, in 7% acetic acid, and at a pH of 3.0, while 100% were affected by incubation at 50oC. Three yeast isolates, W. anomalus, D. hansenii and M. guillermondii, three LAB isolates, P. acidilactici, L. brevis, and L. plantarum, and three AAB isolates, A. tropicalis, A. pasteurianus and G. japonicus, were selected as promising strains to be used in a microbial starter culture for cocoa bean fermentation to improve the organoleptic quality of cocoa.
Penggunaan Alkohol dan Sodium Hipoklorit sebagai Sterilan Tunggal untuk Sterilisasi Eksplan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Rahma , Wening Sri , Nazri Erwin , Yenni Yurna
Published: April 2021

Perbanyakan kelapa sawit melalui teknik kultur jaringan diawali dengan proses sterilisasi eksplan. Sterilisasi merupakan tahapan yang krusial karena menentukan jumlah produksi tanaman kultur yang bebas mikroba. Konsentrasi dan durasi paparan sterilan harus ditentukan secara empiris agar diperoleh prosedur sterilisasi eksplan yang efektif namun tidak menyebabkan kematian eksplan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh protokol sterilisasi yang tepat untuk eksplan daun muda kelapa sawit menggunakan sterilan tunggal. Dua jenis sterilan yakni alkohol dan sodium hipoklorit pada konsentrasi dan durasi paparan tertentu digunakan dalam perlakuan sterilisasi. Perlakuan alkohol yang diberikan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan tingkat kontaminasi, browning, dan respon pertumbuhan eksplan yang signifikan melalui uji sidik ragam (ANOVA), begitupun perlakuan dengan sodium hipoklorit (NaOCl). Perlakuan terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan alkohol 70% dengan durasi paparan selama 5 menit dan sodium hipoklorit 10% selama 10 menit. Perlakuan tersebut cukup efektif menekan kontaminasi eksplan dengan persentase eksplan yang mengalami browning paling rendah, serta respon pertumbuhan berupa pembengkakan jaringan paling baik. Alkohol dengan konsentrasi tinggi yaitu 80% dan 90% menyebabkan kematian jaringan, sedangkan penggunaan sodium hipoklorit dalam konsentrasi tinggi meningkatkan risiko eksplan browning. Jenis kontaminasi yang ditemukan dalam kultur adalah bakteri dan jamur. Dominasi kontaminan bakteri ditemukan pada perlakukan alkohol, sedangkan pada perlakuan sodium hipoklorit kontaminasi didominasi oleh jamur.
Lightweight Detection of a Small Number of Large Errors in a Quantum Circuit
Authors: Linden Noah , de Wolf Ronald
Published: April 2021

Suppose we want to implement a unitary U, for instance a circuit for some quantum algorithm. Suppose our actual implementation is a unitary U~, which we can only apply as a black-box. In general it is an exponentially-hard task to decide whether U~ equals the intended U, or is significantly different in a worst-case norm. In this paper we consider two special cases where relatively efficient and lightweight procedures exist for this task.First, we give an efficient procedure under the assumption that U and U~ (both of which we can now apply as a black-box) are either equal, or differ significantly in only one k-qubit gate, where k=O(1) (the k qubits need not be contiguous). Second, we give an even more lightweight procedure under the assumption that U and U~ are Clifford circuits which are either equal, or different in arbitrary ways (the specification of U is now classically given while U~ can still only be applied as a black-box). Both procedures only need to run U~ a constant number of times to detect a constant error in a worst-case norm. We note that the Clifford result also follows from earlier work of Flammia and Liu, and da Silva, Landon-Cardinal, and Poulin.In the Clifford case, our error-detection procedure also allows us efficiently to learn (and hence correct) U~ if we have a small list of possible errors that could have happened to U; for example if we know that only O(1) of the gates of U~ are wrong, this list will be polynomially small and we can test each possible erroneous version of U for equality with U~.
ON DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF STRAIN TENSORS IN GENERAL SHELL THEORIES OF VEKUA-AMOSOV TYPE
Authors: Zhavoronok Sergey
Published: April 2021

Several possible definiions of strains in a general shell theory of I.N. Vekua – A.A. Amosov type are considered. The higher-order shell model is definedon a two-dimensional manifold within a set of fieldvariables of the firstkind determined by the expansion factors of the spatial vector fieldof the translation. Two base vector systems are introduced, the firs one so-called concomitant corresponds to the cotangent fibrtion of the modelling surface while the other is defind on a surface equidistant to the modelling one. The distortion appears as a two-point tensor referred to both base systems after covariant differentiationof the translation vector feld. Thus, two main definition of the strain tensor become possible, the firstone referred to the main basis whereas the second to the concomitant one. Some possible simplificationsof these tensors are considered, and the interrelation between the general theory of A.A. Amosov type and the classical ones is shown.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVIL BUILDINGS IN RUSSIAN REGULATIONS IN COMPARISON WITH INTERNATIONAL GREEN STANDARDS
Authors: Telichenko Valery , Benuzh Andrey , Rud Nikita
Published: April 2021

A new trend combining the concept of "green" buildings with the idea of preserving and strengthening peoples’ health in order to eliminate sick building syndrome and building related illnesses has been observed worldwide. The COVID – 19 pandemic consequences outlined the necessity of updating the regulatory framework considering health preserving built environment principles in order to create sustainable and comfortable living environments. Indoor air quality directly correlates with human health: exposure to polluted air increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, hypertension and heart disease. It is known that indoor air quality depends not only on ambient air quality, but also on indoor sources of chemical and biological pollutants. Existing regulatory framework does not cover the civil buildings indoor sources of air pollution topic. This article discusses the terms of the Russian national technical and hygienic standards concerning the indoor air quality. A comparative analysis of the Russian Federation regulatory framework that refers the civil buildings indoor air quality with international "green" standards was carried out. Based on the analysis, the necessity to update the Russian regulatory framework is highlighted.
COVID-19 governance, legitimacy, and sustainability: Lessons from the Australian experience
Authors: Lester Michael , dela Rama Marie , Crews Julie
Published: April 2021

During 2020, Australia managed the global and systemic COVID-19 crisis successfully as measured by health and economic indicators. It marshalled the government’s delivery capacity to control the health crisis and put in place measures to offset the induced economic and social costs. At the same time, the crisis revealed long-standing structural weaknesses in a small, democratic, wealthy, and economically successful country that raised questions about post COVID resilience and sustainability. This paper examines that experience by applying a “co-production” governance model that sees success in “crisis management” as the striking of a balance between government capacity and its legitimacy in the eyes of its people. Lessons are drawn in terms of Australia’s ability to tackle the ongoing transition out of COVID and future crises, by building systemic resilience and sustainability
Chest wall infarction following bilateral internal mammary harvesting for coronary revascularization in a patient with previous aortic abdominal aneurysm surgery: a rare complication.
Authors: Lapeze Joel , Boucher Fabien , FARHAT Fadi
Published: April 2021

A 75 years old man with previous aortic abdominal aneurysm surgery
through a transverse laparotomy underwent bilateral internal mammary
artery (BIMA) to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). He immediately
thereafter developed a severe chest and upper abdominal walls ischemia
with metabolic acidosis, and finally deep sternum wound infection and
upper abdominal wall necrosis. He benefitted from sternal reconstruction
and vaccum assisted treatment, with delayed pectus major flap
reconstruction. Chest and abdominal wall infarction following BIMA
harvesting is a very rare but life-threatening complication. Caution use
of BIMA should be in order in patients with inferior epigastric artery
flow impairment.
Complete resection of a cavoatrial metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma under hypothermic circulatory arrest
Authors: Matsumoto Ryumon , Maekawa Koki , Fujiyoshi Toshiki , Kamiya Kentaro , Matsubayashi Jun , Fukuda Shoji , Nishibe Toshiya , Ogino Hitoshi
Published: April 2021

A patient had undergone surgical resection twice for primary and
metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Follow-up computed tomography
revealed a new tumor mass located at the cavoatrial junction. Prompt
surgical resection of the tumor with thrombectomy was successfully
performed using cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic circulatory
arrest. We report a rare case of a patient surviving for 8 years after
the first tumor resection despite the poor prognosis of metastatic or
recurrent liposarcoma.
Comprehensive evaluation of the allelopathic potential of Elymus nutans
Authors: Quan Xiaolong , qiao youming , Chen Mengci , duan zhonghua , shi huilan
Published: April 2021

Drooping wildryegrass (Elymus nutans) has been widely planted together
with other perennial grasses for rebuilding degraded alpine meadow atop
the Tibetan Plateau. However, the rebuilt sown pastures begin to decline
a few years after establishing. One of the possible causes for
degradation of sown grassland may come from allelopathy of planted
grasses. The purpose of this study was to examine allelopathic potential
of drooping wildryegrass. Three types aqueous extracts from drooping
wildryegrass and its root zone soil were prepared and 5 highland crops
and 5 perennial grasses were used as recipient plants. Drooping
wildryegrass exhibited strong allelopathic potential on germination and
seedling growth of 5 crops germination and growth, but different crops
or perennial grasses respond to the extracts differently. The pieces
extract has stronger inhibition than others. Hulless barley, oat and
Chinese fescue were the most affected, while quinoa and Siberian
wildryegrass were the least affected. Drooping wildryegrass presented
less influence on Kentucky bluegrass and crymophylla bluegrass than on
Chinese fescue. It is recommended that the species combination of
mixture for restoration should consider allopathic effects of the
co-seeding and decrease the seeding rate ratio of drooping wildryegrass.
The annual dicot crop quinoa and rape seeds can be used as alternative
subsequent crop for seed field of drooping wildryegrass monoculture.
Full-field deformation characteristics of anisotropic marble under compression revealed by 3D digital image correlation
Authors: wang yu , song zhengyang , hou zhiqiang , zhu chun
Published: April 2021

This work aims to reveal the anisotropic full-field displacemnet and the
progressive failure behaviors of interbedded marble under uniaxial
compression using three dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC)
technique. The effects of the interbed orientation on the field
displacement and strain pattern and the crack evolution were analyzed
qualitatively and quantitatively. Testing results show that different
stress strain responses can be generated depending on the interbed
orientation, and the interbeds influence the localized deformation and
high strain concentration pattern. The field displacement evolution
curves present different pattern and are impacted by the localized
deformation. In addition, the strain localization takes places
progressively and develops at a lower rate for rock with 0° and 90°
interbed than those of 30° and 60° interbed rock. The quick
shear-sliding along the interbed leads to the minimum strength of rock
having 30° interbed orientation. It is suggested that rock anisotropic
field deformation is structure depended.
Mineralogical mosaics from the Carpathian–Pannonian region 4
Authors: Zajzon Norbert , Fehér Béla , Szakáll Sándor , Kristály Ferenc
Published: April 2021

This is the fourth paper presenting new mosaic-like mineralogical data from the Carpathian–Pannonian region. Data are arranged by countries and localities. Every section gives a description (including XRPD, EMPA and SEM-EDX results) of the minerals and a concise description of their parageneses. Every discussed mineral is first described from the given locality and in many times even from the whole region.From Hungary the following minerals are reported: freieslebenite and beaverite-(Cu) from the Rudabánya ore deposit, planerite–aheylite–faustite–turquoise solid-solution members from the Parádfürdő ore deposit.From Romania the following minerals are identified: conichalcite (with high Pb content, conichalcite–duftite solid solution), duftite and mottramite–duftite solid-solutions from the Băiţa Bihor ore deposit, pseudomalachite pseudomorph after azurite as well as vauquelinite from the Ocna de Fier ore deposit.From Slovakia the following minerals are described: axinite-(Fe) from the Maglovec diorite-porphyrite quarry, bultfonteinite from the Vechec andesite quarry and botallackite from the Dobšiná ore deposit.
A geotermikus energia kutatása és hasznosítása Magyarországon az elmúlt 150 év tükrében
Authors: Szanyi János , Nádor Annamária , Madarász Tamás
Published: April 2021

Jelen tanulmányban a 150 évvel ezelőtt Zsigmondy Vilmossal induló magyarországi geotermikus kutatások legfőbb eredményeit, illetve a hazai geotermikus szektor fejlődésének főbb lépéseit vázoljuk fel, megemlékezve a jeles elődökről. A tartalmi részt 4 időszakra osztottuk:

1.) A hőskor. A XIX.sz közepétől tart a rendszerváltásig. A leghosszabb időszakot fogja át, az első fúrásos hévízfeltárásoktól, a gyógy- és fürdő turizmus kiteljesedésén át a geotermikus energia mezőgazdasági hasznosításának elterjedésig. Az az időszak, amikor a földtudomány kiváló hazai szakemberi, a nemzetközi trendek előtt járva, lehetővé tették a geotermikus energia széleskörű hasznosítását, megalapozták a magyar geotermika nemzetközi elismerését. Ezt a felívelés korszakának tekintjük, ezért egyben tárgyaljuk.

2.) A közel múlt. A rendszerváltást követő kezdeti lépések, melyek főleg fürdő fejlesztéseket és a geotermikus energia távhő célú fejlesztését jelentették. Ezek közül is kiemelkedik hódmezővásárhelyi, miskolci és győri geotermikus távhőrendszer. A hódmezővásárhelyi rendszer a komplex kaszkád hasznosítással és a homokkőbe történő sikeres és fenntartható visszasajtolási technológia alkalmazásával volt úttörő, míg a két utóbbi, 50 MWth-ot meghaladó a beépített kapacitásával mutatott európai szinten is elismert példát. Ezen időszakban, a termálfürdő fejlesztéseknek és új fürdők nyitásának köszönhetően, a termálturizmus megduplázódott. Ez már a zenit korszaka, 2003-ban még Európai Geotermikus Kongresszust rendeztek Szegeden, de már nem Magyarország volt Európában a fejlődés motorja.

3.) A jelen projektek. Az éppen befejezett vagy még futó jelentősebb geotermikus projekteken keresztül bemutatjuk a geotermikus energia hasznosítás jelenlegi magyarországi állapotát. Európai Uniós csatlakozásunknak köszönhetően megnyílt a nemzetközi kutatási projekteben való részvétel lehetősége. Különösen a hazai egyetemek és kutatóhelyek – de civil szervezetek is – becsatlakozhattak az európai geotermikus kutatások főáramába. Az Európai Uniós források lehetővé tették a határon átnyúló kutatási projektek indítását, ennek köszönhetően a Kárpát-medence geotermikus viszonyait egységes szerkezetben, politikai határok nélkül lehet kutatni.

4.) A futó kutatások, jövőkép. Ismertetjük a hazai és a nemzetközi kutatásokhoz kapcsoló legújabb eredményeket és felvázoljuk a jövőbeni kutatási irányokat, lehetséges helyünket a nemzetközi geotermikus piacon. Bemutatjuk, hogy – alkalmas szakpolitikával, a geotermikus adottságaink ismeretében – milyen mértéket érhet el a geotermikus energia hasznosítása Magyarországon a közeli jövőben.

Az egyes időszakok határai nem élesek, inkább tematikusak, így egy adott időszakban olykor későbbi tanulmányt is megemlítünk. Tárgyalásuk során röviden utalunk a földtani, hidrogeológiai, geokémiai és geofizikai kapcsolódási pontokra, de ezeket részletesen nem tárgyaljuk, a Földtani Közlöny aktuális ünnepi és rákövetkező évjáratában erről önálló tanulmányokat olvashatnak.
Applying Positive Discipline in School and Adolescents’ Self-esteem
Authors: Zuković Slađana , Stojadinović Dušica
Published: April 2021

Starting from the general principles of the concept of positive discipline, the paper points out that schools and teachers can significantly contribute to the application of positive discipline to affect different aspects of a student’s personality development. The potentials of applying positive discipline in the school for developing adolescents’ self-esteem are particularly emphasized. Accordingly, this paper will present the results of a study that aimed to establish a correlation between assessing the presence of positive discipline in a school context and the level of adolescents’ self-esteem. The survey included a convenience sample of 195 high school students from three high schools - art, technical, and grammar school. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the scale for assessing the presence of positive discipline in the school were used to collect the data. The results showed that adolescents exhibit a high level of self-esteem, while their assessment of the presence of positive discipline in school is moderate. Also, it was found that with the increase in the assessment of the presence of positive discipline in school, the level of adolescents’ self-esteem increased, and the statistically significant moderating role of the measured variables was found only in the type of high school. The conclusion points to the need to sensitize teachers to manage the classroom according to the principles of positive discipline, as well as the importance of creating the conditions that, through the phenomenon of positive discipline, effectively raise the quality of schoolwork as a whole.
International Student Exchange Management as Factor of Educational Services Development
Authors: A. Makarova Elena , L. Makarova Elena , A. Egorova Irina
Published: April 2021

Since the beginning of XXI century higher education internationalization trend has been intensifying around the world. The goal of the research is to study managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export. Levels of interconnection and interdependence between economic agents around the world are increasing; transnational forms of economic activity, information and communication technologies are developing. The market for higher education is developing intensively as educational services of the highest international level demand is increasing. The research goal is to analyze the main economic tendencies in modern students’ exchange programmes. The problems discussed are the need to increase educational services export by promoting it using various student exchange models, study of managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export and its development. For this purpose the methodology consisting of modeling educational policy processes and analyzing the results is used. The results of the study show that higher education takes on international socio-economic features, which are to be seen as an attractive investment target. Modern higher education is developing in the conditions of open access and mutual influence of conditions in different countries, depending on the basis of economic, political and cultural relations. The growing interest in education abroad leads to existing paradigm of educational services management review thus updating this study’s topic. In the conclusion we highlight that integrative processes in internationalization of education management can significantly enrich practical application in this sphere. Recommendations in this study can be used to increase educational services export and import.
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Current State of the Art and Schools of Thought
Authors: Gantsev Sh. Kh. , Zabelin M. V. , Gantsev K. Sh. , Izmailov A. A. , Kzyrgalin Sh. R.
Published: April 2021

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a global challenge of modern oncology representing the most unfavourable scenario in diverse-locality tumourisation. Despite certain attention by the oncological community, the management of PC patients is currently palliative, which weakly promotes research into the basic principles of this morbidity. This literature review attempts to comprehensively cover the PC problematic from a global perspective and presents a key evidence on the world schools of thought in this area. Briefly taking, peritoneal carcinomatosis is viewed today as a local process in the conventional implantation theory, which imposes a locoregional character on all current or emerging therapies, such as cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Their inadequate efficacy is largely due to pronounced gaps in our understanding of PC logistics and signalling. PSOGI is a key organisation for centralising the specialty effort in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Despite its global geography and approach to PC discussion, a multitude of scientific questions remain unanswered impeding the establishment of novel effective therapies. The seven countries that nurtured distinguished schools of thought in PC studies are the USA, UK, Japan, China, Italy, France and Germany. Taking peritoneal carcinomatosis in a global perspective, an insufficient attention to its problematic in Russia should be addressed. The founding and fostering of national PC institutions will benefit cancer patients and progress in oncological science.
PROCESSO DE INDUÇÃO DO PROFESSOR INICIANTE: o papel da coordenação pedagógica
Authors: De Souza Sena Erica Cristina , Pinheiro Lopes Camacho Fernanda , Ramos de Andrade Maria de Fátima
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos um levantamento bibliográfico feito com o objetivo de se analisarem dissertações e teses que tratam do processo de indução do professor iniciante e o papel do coordenador pedagógico, nas bases da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) e do IBICT (Banco de Teses do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia) do período de 2008 a 2019. Para tal, utilizamos os seguintes descritores: professor iniciante, indução pedagógica, vínculo, acolhimento, anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e coordenação pedagógica.  Obtivemos, com isso, onze pesquisas. Para este estudo, procuramos identificar os objetivos, o referencial teórico, as metodologias utilizadas e os principais resultados consolidados nas pesquisas. Ao analisarmos os achados das pesquisas estudadas, constatamos a necessidade de ampliação dos programas e fomento aos de inserção e apoio ao professor iniciante nas Secretarias Municipais e Estaduais. As pesquisas em destaque evidenciaram que os processos de formação continuada, sejam nas unidades escolares ou ofertados pelas Secretarias de Educação, impactam a rotina, os saberes dos professores, contribuindo para a docência; demonstram também a preocupação com o ingresso do professor iniciante.
Criminal-legal significance of compensation for harm from a crime
Authors: Shumakov Sergey Aleksandrovic , Tolstova Irina Aleksandrovna , Kishko Vladimir Arkadievich , Popov Konstantin Ivanovich , Shelygov Aleksandr Vladimirovic
Published: April 2021

The study is devoted to the substantiation of the criminal-legal significance of compensation for harm from a crime. To fight crime and other offenses, the criminal procedure law aims at creating property barriers to the illegal and unjustified use of objects of all forms of ownership, ensuring the return of property to the victim or compensation for harm. The protection of violated subjective rights can be carried out not only with the help of civil legislation but also criminal and administrative ones. In cases of compensation for harm from a crime, the unlawful act acquires a new qualitative state, reflecting not only the inconsistency of behavior with legal norms but also the social danger, that is, its damage to the civil society and the rule of law.
Avances en el desarrollo de una vacuna efectiva contra Cryptosporidium parvum: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Salamanca David Ricardo , Molina Franky Jessica Stephanie , Camargo Mancipe Anny Jineth , Gómez Rodríguez Alida Marcela
Published: April 2021

Introducción. Cryptosporidium parvum es un parásito zoonótico altamente prevalente, asociado a enfermedad diarreica en población inmunocomprometida, niños y terneros menores de 30 días. Esta infección puede ocasionar deshidratación, alteración del estado de conciencia, retraso en el desarrollo global y, en algunos casos, la muerte del paciente. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de C. parvum, no existen medicamentos completamente efectivos ni una vacuna aprobada para prevenir dicha enfermedad. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre candidatos vacunales contra C. parvum. Método. Revisión documental mediante la búsqueda de la literatura de los últimos 20 años, disponible en las bases de datos PubMed central, WEB OF SCIENCE, Embase, REDALYC y LILACS. Resultados. Las vacunas atenuadas, recombinantes, basadas en ADN, expresadas en vectores bacterianos y sintéticas han mostrado resultados prometedores en la inducción de inmunogenicidad contra los antígenos de C. parvum, siendo el antígeno de superficie de 15 kilodaltons de Cryptosporidium parvum (cp15), el antígeno inductor de una mejor respuesta inmune celular y humoral en el modelo murino estudiado. Conclusión. Se espera que la incorporación de nuevas técnicas para la selección de antígenos promisorios y la ejecución de una gran cantidad de ensayos in vivo, favorezcan el desarrollo de una vacuna totalmente efectiva contra C. parvum. Aunque el camino para lograr este objetivo será largo y difícil, se convierte en la mejor alternativa para controlar una de las enfermedades de interés en salud pública, con mayor impacto en la población inmunocomprometida.
Uso de la miel en el manejo de las úlceras crónicas de miembros inferiores en el adulto. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Niño Fandiño José Luis , Hernández Mancipe Leidy Yaneth
Published: April 2021

Introducción: las úlceras en miembros inferiores hacen parte de las enfermedades crónicas que afectan a la población mundial, las cuales generan deterioro en la calidad de vida de quienes las padecen. La miel es un alimento natural utilizado a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad con fines curativos para el manejo de las lesiones en la piel; sin embargo, el beneficio de su uso en el tratamiento de las úlceras de miembros inferiores no ha sido definido, ya que la evidencia actual es controversial. Objetivo: evaluar la mejor evidencia científica disponible para determinar los beneficios de la miel en el tratamiento de las úlceras crónicas de miembros inferiores en la población adulta. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de ensayos clínicos controlados, aleatorizados en las bases de datos PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest, EBSCO, BIREME. Se incluyeron 9 ensayos clínicos controlados. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica según los  parámetros de PeDro y se utilizaron criterios de la colaboración Cochrane para definir la presencia de sesgos de cada estudio. Resultados: ocho de los 9 estudios incluidos reportaron desenlaces favorables en el uso de la miel. Los estudios contaron con buena calidad metodológica en su desarrollo, pero evidenciaron un riesgo poco claro de sesgo. Conclusión: la evidencia disponible no permite establecer la utilidad de la miel en el manejo de las úlceras de miembros inferiores. La evidencia actual muestra poca claridad en términos de sesgos, por lo que es necesario realizar nuevos ensayos clínicos, con mejores criterios de intervención, para poder establecer el beneficio del uso de la miel en esta enfermedad Palabras clave: úlceras de miembros inferiores, miel, revisión sistemática, vendaje compresivo, adulto.
Perfil de tolerancia al triclosán y detección de los genes MexA, MexC, AcrB y oqxA relacionados con la expresión de bombas de expulsión en aislados clínicos del género Enterobacter aerogenes y Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Zanguña Luisa Fernanda , Torres Caycedo María Inés , Di Filippo Iriarte Giselle
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La resistencia a los antimicrobianos y la tolerancia a biocidas está dada por mecanismos comunes, generados por su uso en diferentes ambientes; mecanismos como la expresión de bombas de expulsión presentes en bacterias del género Enterobacter circulantes amenaza la eficacia de los antimicrobianos limitando las opciones de terapia antibiótica. Objetivos: Determinar el perfil de tolerancia al triclosán y detección de genes asociados a bombas de expulsión en aislados clínicos de Enterobacter aerogenes y Enterobacter cloacae. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, se determinaron perfiles de tolerancia al triclosán por microdilución, de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, confirmación fenotípica de mecanismos de resistencia, por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se identificó la presencia de genes que codifican para bombas de expulsión. Resultados: El 17% correspondió a Enterobacter cloacae y el 6% Enterobacter aerogenes. El 93,7% de los aislados clínicos del género Enterobacter presentó el fenotipo de resistencia BLEE y AmpC. En el 81,3% de los aislamientos se obtuvo la presencia de al menos un gen relacionado con las expresión de bombas de expulsión, siendo frecuentes MexC y AcrB;  no identificó presencia del gen oqxA. Conclusiones: La resistencia a diferentes grupos de antibióticos se identifica en especies de Enterobacter circulante, así la presencia de enzimas BLEE y AmpC, la presencia de genes relacionados con bombas de expulsión y la alta tolerancia al triclosán.
Hyperthyroid Phase of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Hapsari Siti Nurul , Soehita Sidarti
Published: April 2021

Hashimoto thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas of the world. This condition, however, can sometimes show hyperthyroidism. A 39-year-old femalewas admitted to hospital due to shortness of breath and tremor four hours before hospitalization. There were nausea, chestpain, cold chills, and palpitation. She was diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and routinely received tyrosol,propranolol, and dexamethasone. Physical examination showed cervical mass, afebrile, blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg,pulse rate of 110 beats/minute and respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute. Laboratory examinations showed WBC 7.53 x 109/L, Hb 11.0 g/dL and platelet count of 168 x 109/L. Chest X-Ray: negative for infiltrates. Several laboratory testswere performed, abnormal results were as follows: FT4 level of 2.96 ng/dL (increased), TSH level of 0.003 µIU/mL(decreased), anti-TPO (antithyroid microsomal antibody) level of 306 IU/ml (increased), and IgE level of 213.6 IU/mL(increased). Peripheral blood smear, coagulation test, serum electrolytes, liver function tests, renal function tests, urinalysis,CEA and Ca 125 were within normal limits. Thyroid ultrasound was performed and showed a benign lesion. Fine needleaspiration biopsy showed lymphocytic Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Echocardiography showed hyperthyroid heart disease. Dueto an increase of anti-TPO and FT4 levels, a decrease of TSH levels and lymphocytic thyroiditis from FNAB, this patient wasdiagnosed with a hyperthyroid phase of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibody tests must bemonitored to distinguish between the hyperthyroid and hypothyroid phase of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Comparison of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Pediatric Hematologic Cancer with and without Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Lim Erfina , Rejeki IGAA Putri Sri , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede
Published: April 2021

Vitamin D is known to play an important role in fighting infections through innate and adaptive immune systems. Children with cancer have a higher risk of suffering sepsis and vitamin D deficiency. Some studies on vitamin D levels in pediatric cancer with sepsis have shown varied results and remain controversial. This study aimed to analyze 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in pediatric hematologic cancer with and without suspected sepsis. The study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were collected during April–September 2019 from the Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic of the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The samples were a group of pediatric hematologic cancer consisted of 32 subjects with suspected sepsis and 30 without sepsis. Each group was measured the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, then differences in levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D between groups were assessed. Vitamin D levels were measured using ADVIA Centaur. Both groups had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with a deficiency state of 96.9% and 80% in the suspected sepsis group and group without sepsis. There were differences in levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pediatric cancer with and without suspected sepsis (p=0.045). Lower vitamin D levels were found in the cancer group with suspected sepsis. Low vitamin D levels reduce T-helper 2 activity, decrease cellular immunity, and decrease phagocytic macrophages, leading to an easier entry of pathogens and bacteremia. There were significant differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in pediatric hematologic cancer with and without suspected sepsis.