bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body dimensions and proportions in the differential diagnosis of child growth retardation
Authors: Łysoń-Wojciechowska Grażyna , Romer Tomasz E. , Skawiński Waldemar
Published: March 2022

This study was aimed at determining the similarities and differences with regard to body build traits between two groups of short-statured children: the first one including children with growth retardation related to the growth hormone deficiency and the second one comprising of children with normal secretion of the growth hormone. Subsequently the traits useful in the differential diagnostics of growth retardation were selected. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 273 short-statured non-treated children aged from 3 to 17 years (73 girls and 200 boys). The children were divided into 6 clinical groups on the basis of the clinical picture and the results of stimulation tests assessing the pituitary reserve for growth hormone secretion. The clinical groups were differentiated using a specifically developed anthropometric test based on 9 calendar age traits (height, weight, BMI, length of upper and lower limbs, trunk length, shoulders breadth, hips breadth and chest breadth) and 4 developmental age traits (length and circumference of the head, chest circumference, thigh circumference) and the calculated value of arm fat content and the average stature of the parents.
Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna
Published: March 2022

The study consisted in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of epidermal ridges on fingers of the Kashubians from the Hel Peninsula and those from Pomerania. On the basis of the obtained data similarities and differences between the Kashubians and other Poles with regard to these traits were assessed.
Reconstruction of diet of population from Roman period (1st-4th c. A.D.) on Pruszcz Gdański cemetery material
Authors: Gładykowska-Rzeczycka Judyta J. , Smrĉka Václav , Jambor Jaroslav
Published: March 2022

The cemeteries of the Wielbark culture in Pruszcz Gdański date back to the beginning of our era. Their location near the Baltic Sea suggests some connection with Germanic tribes. In an attempt to reconstruct the diet of the buried there, 182 bone samples were taken from 48 skeletons there and subjected to analysis for chemical elements. The data show the bone samples had a zinc-dominant microelement composition that has been also observed at Germanic burial places situated along the frontier of the Roman Empire. Our supposition is that the diet of the population was dictated by their customs rather than by the natural environment conditions there.
Transformational Model: Pela Communicative Action and Systemic Action
Authors: Rahmat Saputra Andhika , Zahra Azizah Putri , Sari Adilati
Published: March 2022

This study refers to how the Pela concept within the Maluku. This study relates to how the Pela concept within the Maluku community has a broad influence on the rationalization of the life-world. Modernity, liberalism, and the currents of globalization that fuel technical progress can jeopardize the rationalization of our life-world, which is essential for the integrity and solidarity of society, but neglect of technological progress should not be a proposition. Therefore, researchers, with the help of the dialectic of Habermas and Hardiman’s thoughts with their post-secular thoughts, found a motive to examine how Indonesian multiculturalism has the potential to rationalize the development of society. Using the perspective of Jurgen Habermas and Hardiman based on post-secular theory, the purpose of this study helped researchers study the forms of deliberation from the Pela system. Qualitative research is the research method used. The critical paradigm is the chosen solution. This study combines Pela concepts associated with Habermas and Hardiman’s post-secular thinking and uses Habermas’ critical hermeneutic theory. The results of this study show the decision-making process. In this context, the researchers found the Pela concept as the initial capital of the Maluku people to support technical progress without neglecting the roots of solidarity. This research can be a reference for further researchers in sociology, ethnology, and even human resource management.
Halal Tourism Opportunities and Challenges in Toraja’s Muslim Minority
Authors: Putra Trisno Wardy , Possumah Bayu Taufiq , Sikki Kaisar Lahiya
Published: March 2022

This study describes halal tourism in Muslim minority areas. Halal tourism is an industry currently developing in developed countries, not only in Muslim-majority countries but also in Muslim-minority countries. According to the Global Muslim Travel Index in 2019, Indonesia rose to the top position as a tourist destination. The coronation of Indonesia as the world’s best halal tourism destination is a new wind of optimism for stakeholders in the halal tourism sector. The Ministry of Tourism continues to expand the scope of priority halal tourist destinations. LPPOM MUI, as an institution that focuses on handling halal certification no less agile in conducting halal certification in tourist destinations. However, the development of halal tourism in several areas has been rejected by residents. This study examines the effect of halal tourism and facilities for Muslim tourists visiting Muslim minority areas. The research method used is qualitative by using observation, interviews, documentation, and in the final stage by concluding. This study found that halal tourism in North Toraja was initially rejected due to a lack of socialization in the community. It causes public misunderstanding regarding halal tourism policies. Halal tourism services still need to be improved, from the availability of halal food, worship facilities, water and bathrooms, and religious harmony. Therefore, the development of halal tourism needs to be a concern for the government.
Migration in the Demographic Development of the Russian Far East
Authors: Motrich Ekaterina L. Motrich
Published: March 2022

The analysis of migration processes in the Russian Far East in 2018–2020 (within the new administrative boundaries, taking into account the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Region) is shown. The current trends in migration partnership within the framework of intraregional, interregional, and external migration (with the CIS and non-CIS countries) are analyzed. The role of migration in the dynamics of the population of each region of the Russian Far East is shown. The author explains that the Russian Far East found itself in a situation of demographic instability, in conditions of a stable decrease in its population, mainly due to migration outflow. Migration has become a long-term factor in the decrease in the population of the Russian Far East. While in conditions of natural population decline; it could become a source of growth in the population of the macroregion. The analysis of the migration motivation of the population made it possible to formulate some proposals, the implementation of which, under certain conditions, can contribute to attracting and saving the population to the Russian Far East. The author shows that with the existing trends in the demographic development of the Russian Far East, it is necessary to prepare for the transition to a macroregion’s economy corresponding to a lower population level. In general, in order to attract the population, it is necessary to create conditions for the economic development of the Russian Far East, generating an increase in real per capita income, exceeding the values of income in other more successful Russian regions.
The future of sustainable aviation fuels
Authors: Marszałek Natalia , Lis Tomasz
Published: March 2022

Presented work has an overview character and is focused on perspectives of sustainable aviation fuels application in civil aviation sector. The mean role of SAF application is to ensure reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and aviation footprint on environment. Paper describe the combustion proces of hydrocarbon fuels and problem related to the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Fuel consumption, CO2 emission and SAF production data was presented on the graphs. The sustainalbe aviation fuel has been characterized. Certified conversion technologies with potential feedstock used for SAF production was described. Literature studies indicate that sustainable aviation fuel is successfully used in air transport.
Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
Authors: Giechaskiel Barouch , Suarez-Bertoa Ricardo , Melas Anastasios , Selleri Tommaso , Maggiore Maurizio
Published: March 2022

The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not withstand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligible for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
Determination of characteristics of pollutant emission from a vehicle engine under traffic conditions in the engine test
Authors: Andrych-Zalewska Monika , Chłopek Zdzisław , Merkisz Jerzy , Pielecha Jacek
Published: March 2022

The paper describes the method of determination of exhaust emission characteristics from a vehicle engine based on the results obtained in a driving test simulated on an engine dynamometer. These characteristics are the relations between the specific distance emissions and the zero-dimensional characteristics of the process of vehicle velocity: the average velocity value and the average value of the absolute value of the product of vehicle velocity and acceleration. The exhaust emission characteristics are used to simulate the emissions from vehicles operating in different types of traffic conditions. The engine operating states in the engine dynamometer tests were determined by the operating conditions of the vehicle during the test. The authors applied the Monte Carlo method in order to determine the characteristics of different values of the zero-dimensional characteristics of the vehicle velocity process. This enabled the determination of the characteristics based on the test results from a single realization of the process of vehicle velocity. Additionally, the developed method allowed a replacement of the empirical research on the chassis dynamometer with the one performed on the engine dynamometer. The obtained exhaust emission characteristics are in line with the characteristics obtained on the chassis dynamometer in multiple tests.
A Posthuman Quest for Establishing Self-Image through Nature in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves
Authors: KÜMBET Pelin
Published: March 2022

Virginia Woolf, in her highly experimental modernist novel The Waves (1931), depicts the psychological depth and texture of human experience through a series of fragmented and disjointed images, interior monologues and soliloquies, highlighting the feeling of loss, disillusionment, and brokenness. Throughout The Waves (1931), the characters strive to express themselves, and engage in a posthuman quest for a construction of a self-image through interactions with human and nonhuman life forms, and co-existence with the environment. This paper explores The Waves from a material posthumanist approach to offer a new perspective to Woolf’s understanding of the interface of nature and culture, self and the environment, the human and nonhuman agencies. This approach would be useful means to analyze the characters’ yearning for unification and their embodiment with nature, and explore the posthuman materiality of living and non-living beings that would help them redefine their shattered images and modern way of living.
Çocuk Gözünden Göç Hikayesinin Öyküsel Terapi Odağında İncelenmesi: Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklar
Authors: YILDIRIM Hacer , KURTULUŞ Emin
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada, Suriyeli mülteci çocukların göç deneyimine ilişkin görüşlerini Öyküsel Terapi odağında incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilime göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, çocukların göç yolculuğu hikayesini, bu yolculuğun etkilerini ve yolculuğa ilişkin duygu ve düşüncelerini anlatırken daha çok olumsuz ifadeler kullandıkları görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte görüşme sorularında yer alan göç yolculuğu hikayesinin olumlu yanları, yeni hayata uyum sağlama becerileri, kendisini daha güvende ve daha güçlü hissetmek için yapabilecekleri ve göç yolculuğu hikayesiyle getirilen kültürel değerler sorulmuştur. Bu konuşma ile çocuklar zihinlerinde, olumsuz yaşantıların gölgesinde ihmal ettikleri olumlu yaşantıları hatırlamışlardır. Böylelikle, çocukların göç hikayesini anlatırken zihinlerinde ihmal edilen olumlu yaşantıları da gündeme getirmeleri sağlanmıştır.
Spatialité et Intimité Dans La Maison De Cicine De Mohamed Nedali
Authors: ABOUTARIK Abdelmjid , ABOUELKACEM Hafid
Published: March 2022

Notre étude vise L’intime et le privé qui se sont imposés dans la critique littéraire et les sciences humaines. Mohamed Nedali, auteur francophone d’importance dans le paysage littéraire en ce qu’il dresse dans ses romans une critique de la société marocaine. Le choix de La Maison de Cicine s’explique par le fait qu’il représente une microsociété. L’étude s’adresse aux spécialistes de l’espace littéraire en ce qu’elle place l’espace produit aux antipodes de la théorie Bachelardienne de l’espace. En partant du fait que l'espace joue un rôle important dans le déploiement de l'intimité, nous avons montré dans quelle mesure l’habitation est un espace susceptible d’abriter une intimité et comment la maison conçue par Nedali passe d'un lieu de paix, de liberté et de sécurité à un abri de haine et d'interdiction. Un survol théorique axé sur la question de l’habiter nous a été d’importance, notamment les approches de Bachelard et Heidegger.
La Princesse de Clèves Entre Le Social et Le Soi (I)
Authors: GÜNAY Zahide
Published: March 2022

La narratrice présente la princesse de Clèves comme étant une personne « sincère », cependant celle-ci dissimule ses sentiments à son entourage et même à sa mère, Mme de Chartres qui a eu le soin de l’élever selon les codes sociaux de son temps. C’est à travers ces codes sociaux qu’il faut prendre en compte la notion de sincérité. Dans cet article, qui comprend le premier tome du roman, les sentiments de la princesse envers le duc sont animés, mais aussi freinés par l’influence sociale. Mais, c’est aussi par ces liens sociaux qu’elle participe au jeu. C’est pourquoi sa « sincérité » est considérée comme plutôt stratégique. Ancrée dans un milieu aristocratique porte-t-elle en elle la force de se libérer de ce carcan social ? Ce travail sera étudié sous une approche psychosociale, une méthode qui analyse à la fois, les processus mentaux et les comportements sociaux
Integration of cultural data from digital repositories: anoverview of the DPLA Hubs
Authors:   State University of Londrina, Londrina, Triques Maria , Gonçalez Paula ,   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Albuquerque Ana ,   State University of Londrina, Londrina
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is an initiative aimed at expanding the reach of its content and the possibilities of improving and using data to generate new knowledge from data integration. The search for integration, however, results in a series of possibilities and challenges for digital repositories, providers and data servers.Objective:To present an overview of the technological solutions underlying data collection and availability from the DPLA partner repositories, named Hubs, to point out aspects of the interoperability opportunities and challenges they face in the search for integrated access. Methodology:This is a bibliographical, qualitative and exploratory research, with analysis based on the discussion found in the literature and the results obtained in the analysis of the platforms. Results: The technological solutions adopted both by the DPLA to collect and aggregate data and by the Hubs, data providers, which use different solutions to aggregate data from the various contributing cultural institutions and provide them to the DPLA, are presented as results. Conclusion:The studyconcluded that despite the technical, semantic and managerial challenges, great efforts have been undertaken to adopt solutions and best practices aimed at the engagement of data providers. Both the Hubs and their contributing institutions present programs to encourage and support digitization and documentation, as well as guidelines to guarantee the quality and legal rights of access to content, which is essential to improve users' experience and multi-dimension the possibilities to transform information into knowledge
Curriculum changes in Brazilian Librarianship and its relations with the gendering of the librarian profession
Authors:   Federal Institute of Paraná, Pires Hugo , de Paula Cláudio ,   Federal Institute of Minas Gerais
Published: March 2022

Introduction:It highlights how gender relations are inserted in the logic of power and are supported by the production of diffusion of discourses to penetrate people's daily lives and produce docile individuals. Objective: To present a theoretical discussion about howthe curricular changes of Librarianship courses in Brazil –sometimes more humanistic, sometimes more technical –influenced the process of feminization of the profession and the insertion of the profession in the list of professions notably marked by thesexual division of labor. Method:bibliographic review about the role of curricula as disseminators of discourses and power relations and in the gendering of professions; historical course of Librarianship curricula in Brazil and its insertion of gendered discourses in the librarian profession. Results:This work sought to show how the curriculum was used as a device for the dissemination of certain discourses in relation to the librarian profession and how it contributed to its feminization. Conclusion:It is proposed that the librarian profession has become feminized over time and changes in curricular focus have contributed to this movement, where the adoption of more technical curricula has contributed to the insertion of the profession in the list of professions notably marked by the sexual division of labor. Finally, it is pointed out that, from the 1980s, a timid approach of men to the area also led to a change in the curricular focus and in the discourse around the profession.
Cover
Authors: Hajaroh Siti
Published: March 2022

Cover
Bagian Depan: Cover, Tim Penyunting, Pedoman Transliterasi, dan Daftar Isi
Authors: Hajaroh Siti
Published: March 2022

Bagian Depan: Tim Penyunting, Pedoman Transliterasi, dan Daftar Isi
Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Final-Year Medical Students at Sana'a University, Yemen
Authors: Mogahid Y. Nassar  , Ahmed S. Hudna  , Fatima Abdurubbu  , Aisha Mohammed  , Ala'a Maresh  , Fatima Mohammed  , Hadeer Al-ariqi  , Reem Al-maqtari  , Narmeen Al-ariqi  , Wafa'a Al-hammadi
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among final-year medical students at Sana'a University, Yemen.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 final year students randomly selected from the medical faculties of Sana'a University in the period from January to April 2018. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, while venous blood samples were collected by venipuncture into EDTA tubes. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated using an automated hematology analyzer in the Laboratory Department of the University of Science and Technology in Sana’a city. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, and statistical significance was considered at P-values <0.05.

Results: The mean Hb concentration of final-year medical students at Sana’a University was 15.1 ± 1.9 g/dL. The mean Hb concentration for male students was 16.3 ± 1.5 g/dL, while the mean Hb concentration for female students was 13.1 ± 1.5 g/dL. Anemia was prevalent among 12 (4.5%) out of 269 medical students and was significantly associated with the gender and smoking status of the students, where females (OR = 5.9, 95% CI: 1.8–27.4; P = 0.011) and smokers (OR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7; P = 0.002) were about six times more likely to be anemic compared to their counterparts. In contrast, there was no statistically significant association between anemia and age, family size, family income, presence of chronic disease(s), khat chewing, exercise, or history of blood transfusion.

Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia among final-year medical students at Sana'a University is low compared to other studies elsewhere. The female gender and smoking are the risk factors significantly associated with anemia among medical students. Further large-scale studies among medical and non-medical students from different levels of study at public and private universities of the country are recommended.
Effect of Short-Time BelAgeTM Prescription on Pregnancy and Risk Preeclampsia
Authors: Rodríguez Zamora Alejandra Lisbeth , Herrera José Anaya , Palma Navarrete Fanny , Mendieta Zerón Hugo
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The aim was to determine if one month taking BelAgeTM in the second trimester of pregnancy could reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
Methods: From April 2019 to July 2020, a non-blinded, prospective, randomized, study was performed inviting women in the second trimester of pregnancy to take 3 g of BelAgeTM once daily for one month. The control group received only the nutritional assessment. Relative risk (RR) to develop preeclampsia with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the Social Science Statistics online software, considering a significant statistical value a P-value < 0.05.
Results: 144 patients from the BelAgeTM group (mean age 23.6 ± 9.7), and 99 from the control group (mean age 22.1 ± 8.6) were included, finding differences basal systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), final diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.002) and final mean blood pressure (P = 0.001). Preeclampsia was developed by 18 patients in the BelAgeTM group versus ten patients in the control group, RR 1.2 (95% CI, 0.60–2.57, P = 0.57).
Conclusion: A short-time BelAgeTM prescription in the second trimester of pregnancy was enough to reduce the DBP, but did not reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia.
Keywords: BelAgeTM diastolic blood pressure, preeclampsia, relative risk.
Studi Kinetika Adsorpsi Cu(II) Dan Pb(II) dengan Menggunakan Biosorben dari Polimer Ekstrak Kulit Buah Rambutan
Authors: Winata Wahyu Fajar , Yanti Ika
Published: March 2022

Recovery Cu(II) dan Pb(II) yang sebagian besar terkandung dalam limbah cair industri, baik industri besar maupun rumah tangga telah dilakukan, salah satunya adalah dengan proses adsorpsi. Penelitian ini dilakukan studi kinetika adsorpsi Cu(II) dan Pb(II) dalam limbah cair untuk mengetahui efektivitas biosorben dari ekstrak kulit buah rambutan terhadap limbah cair yang mengandung Cu(II) dan Pb(II). Penentuan kinetika adsorpsi Cu(II) dan Pb(II) dengan menggunakan biosorben dari ekstrak kulit buah rambutan dilakukan melalui beberapa model kinetika yaitu model kinetika Langmuir-Hinshelwood, Santosa, Lagergreen dan Ho. Kinetika adsorpsi Cu(II) dan Pb(II) semuanya mengikuti model kinetika Ho, yang merupakan mekanisme kinetika orde dua semu.
Pengaruh Pelarut pada Polimerisasi Aricryl dan Aplikasinya dalam Pelapisan Kayu
Authors: Nasriyanti Desi , Zukhrufi Zukhrufi , Fajarwati Febi Indah
Published: March 2022

Polimerisasi aricryl dibuat dengan tiga tahap sesuai skema polimerisasi adisi yaitu inisiasi, terminasi dan propagasi. Polimerisasi aricryl yang diproses yaitu batch G-0903, G-0915A, dan G-0915B. Perbedaan pada masing-masing batch adalah penggunaan pelarut untuk pengenceran. Pengenceran untuk resin batch G-0905 dilakukan dalam ≥63% n-butanol dan toluene. Pengenceran untuk resin batch G-0915A dilakukan dalam ≥63% n-butanol dan metanol. Pengenceran untuk resin batch G-0915B dilakukan dalam ≥63% toluene. Berdasarkan data pada pengaplikasian pelapis kayu, hasil terbaik yaitu pada batch G-0905 dengan nilai hardness 97, nilai gloss 97 dan drying time 0,05. Resin yang diperoleh memiliki spesifikasi total solid sebesar 59,66%, viskositas Z2-Z3, bilangan asam sebesar 0,45 mg KOH/g, warna kurang dari 1 dan resin yang dihasilkan jernih dan bersih.
VALIDASI PENENTUAN KALIUM (K) DALAM SAMPEL AIR MENGGUNAKAN FLAME FOTOMETER
Authors: Dwiputri Adelia Yuni , Fajarwati Febi Indah , Matahelumual Bethy C
Published: March 2022

Measurement of potassium levels in tap water using the flame photometric method and validating the flame photometric method. Validation was carried out at the Water Laboratory, Groundwater Center and Environmental Geology Bandung. The test parameters for validation include linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit and quantitation limit. The results of determining the validation parameters obtained good linearity, indicated by the correlation coefficient value of 0.9998, detection limit of 3.681 mg / l, quantity limit of 12.27 mg / l, good precision indicated by% RSD of 1.139%, good accuracy indicated by the% recovery value of 103.88%, based on the t test and F test
Analisis Kadar Padatan Tersuspensi Total (TSS) Dan Logam Krom Total (Cr) Pada Limbah Tekstil Di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Sukoharjo
Authors: Lestari Agil , Samsunar Sigit
Published: March 2022

Limbah tekstil merupakan salah satu limbah cair yang sangat sering dijumpai dan berpotensi mencemarilingkungan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tingginya pencemaran air dan derajat kekotoran air menunjukkanadanya zat padat TSS yang meningkatkan kepekatan limbah dan air limbah tekstil tersebut jugamengandung bahan-bahan pencemar yang sangat kompleks seperti logam Krom (Cr). BerdasarkanPeraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Standar baku mutu bagi airlimbah bagi usaha dan/atau kegiatan industri tekstil untuk parameter padatan tersuspensi total (TSS)sebesar 50mg/L dan untuk parameter logam Krom Total (Cr) sebesar 1,0 mg/L Untuk mengatasi haltersebut perlu dilakukan analisis kadar TSS dan logam krom total apakah sudah sesuai dengan standarbaku mutu air limbah industri tekstil. Analisis kadar TSS dapat dilakukan dengan metode gravimetridan analisis kadar logam krom total menggunakan instrument AAS. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwakadar TSS dan logam krom total dalam limbah tersebut masih dibawah ambang batas standar bakumutu air limbah yaitu sebesar 20 mg/L untuk kadar TSS dan logam krom total sebesar 0,112 mg/L.
Penentuan Cr (VI) and SO42- Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dalam Sampel Air Sungai di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Semarang
Authors: YANTI IKA
Published: March 2022

Analisis Kromium heksavalen (Cr-VI) dan ion sulfat (SO42-) pada air sungai yang ada di lingkungan kota Semarang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai yang dibandingkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Konsentrasi Kromium (Cr-VI) ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dengan pereaksi 1,5-diphenylcarbazide dan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 540 nm, sedangkan penentuan kadar kadar sulfat (SO42-) menggunakan metode turbidimetri menggunakan spektrofotometer yang sama pada panjang gelombang 420 nm. Hasil analisis pengujian didapatkan kadar Cr(VI)  sebesar 0,0094 mg/L dan 0,0096 mg/L sedangkan kadar SO42- sebesar 17,2105 mg/L dan 20,6842 mg/L. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa air sungai berdasarkan PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang baku mutu air sungai kelas II, kualitas air sungai masih baik dan dapat digunakan sesuai peruntukannya karena masih di bawah ambang batas maksimum kadar Cr(VI) dan SO42- yaitu berturut-turut 0,05 mg/L untuk kadar Cr(VI) dan 300 mg/L untuk kadar SO42-.
Analisis Kadar Nitrogen Total pada Pupuk Padat dengan Metode Kjedahl di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta
Authors: Fajarwati Febi Indah , Hermawati Athalia Tasya , Widada Sri
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan analisis penentuan kadar N-Total dalam pupuk di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar nitrogen total dalam sampel pupuk. Analisis kadar nitrogen dalam pupuk dilakukan dengan mengggunakan Metode Kjeldahl. Prinsip penentuan nitrogen total dengan metode Kjeldahl adalah nitrogen dalam sampel pupuk dihidrolisis dengan asam sulfat pekat membentuk senyawa amonium sulfat. Produk hasil destruksi yaitu senyawa ammonium sulfat didestilasi dalam suasana basa yang kemudian ditampung dengan asam borat. Destilat yang dihasilkan dititrasi dengan larutan asam sulfat sampai terjadi perubahan warna hijau menjadi merah muda. Dari hasil kadar N-Total didapatkan yaitu pada sampel PO.207 dengan N-Total 1,8136%, PO.208 dengan N-Total 1,5597%, PO.209 dengan N-Total 1,5489%, PO.210 dengan N-Total 1,385%, PO.211 dengan NTotal 1,1292% dan PO.212 dengan N-Total 2,2401%.
Analisis Kadar Air dan Protein Pada Produk Sosis di PT. Jakarana Tama Bogor
Authors: Salmahaminati Salmahaminati
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian analisis kadar air dan kadar protein yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar air dan kadar protein pada produk sosis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode gravimetri (oven) untuk analisis kadar air dan metode kjeldahl untuk analisis kadar protein. Sampel dimasukkan ke dalam oven selama 3 jam dengan suhu 105 oC. Setelah dioven dan didinginkan dalam desikator, kemudian ditimbang bobot tetapnya. Dari analisis sampel dengan metode gravimetri diperoleh hasil rata-rata kadar air pada produk sosis ayam adalah 51,24%, pada sosis sapi adalah 54,93%, pada sosis ayam bakar adalah 50,23% dan pada sosis sapi bakar dengan adalah 50,03%. Prinsip metode kjeldahl menggunakan tiga tahap: destruksi, distilasi dan titrasi. Dari hasil analisis sampel kjeldahl didapatkan hasil kadar protein pada produk sosis ayam sebesar 9,91%, sosis sapi sebesar 9,15%, sosis ayam panggang 6,34% dan sosis sapi panggang 7,37%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar air dan kadar protein pada produk sosis telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan di PT. Persyaratan mutu Jakarana Tama dan Sosis berdasarkan SNI 01-3820-1995 pada tahun 2017.
The Complex Universe
Authors: Laforet Christopher
Published: March 2022

In this paper, it is proposed that the correct metric for relativistic cosmology is one which has not only spatial curvature, but time curvature as well, and that it is the curvature of the time dimension that is the source of the accelerated expansion. It is argued that the FRW metric, whose time dimension is uncurved, is effectively a Newtonian approximation to the true cosmological metric and that the internal Schwarzschild metric is the true cosmological metric describing the 3D space of the Universe falling through the time dimension. The unknowns in the internal Schwarzschild metric are solved for using cosmological data and it is shown that the predictions it gives match observations without the need for a cosmological constant. The entire Schwarzschild metric in Kruskal-Sezekeres coordinates is examined and we see that it describes two CPT symmetric Universes moving in opposite directions in the time dimension. One Universe contains matter while the other contains antimatter. It is then shown that due to the sign of the angular term in the internal Schwarzschild metric, the time dimension is the imaginary counterpart of the spatial dimension in the external metric. At the singularity, the geodesics reverse their direction in time and begin to re-collapse toward each other. The matter and antimatter Universes annihilate with each other when they collide at the end of collapse, ultimately decaying into two new matter and antimatter Universes. Finally, we look at the external Schwarzschild solution and find that gravitational event horizons cannot be formed or reached until the end of the re-collapse. We find that all the gravitational event horizons in the Universe represent the same point which is the annihilation event at the end of re-collapse. The model also predicts that telescopes such as the JWST should find structures in the early Universe that are much older than expected or predicted by the current ΛCDM model.
Vulnerability Assessment of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farms and Vendors in Davao, Philippines Using FishVool
Authors: Macusi Edison D. , Albarido Nitcel Aymie , Clapano Misael B. , Santos Mudjiekeewis D.
Published: March 2022

The impacts of climate change on shrimp aquaculture can vary widely and can have environmental and socioeconomic consequences. This study assessed the vulnerability to climate change impacts of selected small-scale shrimp farms of Penaeus vannamei and shrimpfish market vendors in Davao region, Philippines using a modified Fisheries Vulnerability Assessment Tool (FishVool). Shrimp farmers and vendors were interviewed using two separate semi-structured questionnaires. A total of thirty-nine (N=39) shrimp farmers and forty-eight (N=48) market vendors from various market areas within the region were interviewed. Data regarding exposure (E), sensitivity (S), and adaptive capacity (AC) were collected following the FishVool parameters with modifications. Results revealed that overall climate change vulnerability of the shrimp farmers was medium (M), where both exposure and adaptive capacity were low (L) while sensitivity was medium (M). In addition, the shrimp market vulnerability of the various sites examined revealed medium (M) scores for markets in Pantukan, Mabini, Tagum, Maco, Lupon, Davao City, and Digos. But high (H) vulnerability scores for the markets in Panabo and Sta Cruz. Overall, the study provided a better understanding about shrimp farming in relation to climate change impacts and vulnerability and provided information for future shrimp farm management, marketing and climate change adapation in the region.
Approach for CO2 Emission Related Cost Functions in the Context of Trade-Off Investigations of a Future Energy Efficient European Aviation
Authors: Förster Peter , Yildiz Bekir , Feuerle Thomas , Hecker Peter
Published: March 2022

Aircraft emissions represent a relevant amount of human induced CO2. Globally, up to 2.5 per cent of such emissions stem from the aviation industry. In order to investigate the effects within the atmosphere, realistic flight profiles are necessary to provide quantitatively tangible values of emissions. The flight profiles and the according fuel consumption can be calculated by using waypoints from flight plans and Base of Aircraft Data (BADA). This paper presents an approach to refine the fuel consumption by integrating the passenger load into the calculation. Since effects of emissions have to be assessed on a greater scale, such as on the European air traffic network, the presented approach provides cost functions for CO2 emissions for different aircraft types and load factors. The cost functions were derived by means of regression analyses of BADA based calculated flight profiles with a step size of one second. The calculations are based on real historic traffic scenarios of several days. The derived aircraft specific fuel burn coefficients enable a simple and efficient integration of CO2 estimations depending on the flight distance, load factor and aircraft type. This can be applied to large traffic scenarios to also study different set-ups such as travel restrictions, other disruptions or an alteration in the traffic system as a whole. In order to enable the assessment of further aspects of such changes to the European air traffic system at large and to foster reproducibility and comparability of related studies, we provide further general-purpose cost estimation functions for several important key characteristics. Besides fuel consumption, we develop cost estimations for air navigation fees and maintenance for conventional aircraft. Those functions are also provided for the design concept of a short-range all-electric aircraft. This propeller aircraft features game-changing technologies such as active laminar flow control, active load alleviation and advanced materials and structure concepts. The approaches discussed in this paper will focus on the generic aspects of aircraft related costs, which can be derived from general available data. For the sake of reproducibility, the results will be made publicly available.
Entropy Perspectives of Molecular and Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Sabater Bartolomé
Published: March 2022

Attempts to find and quantify the supposed low entropy of organisms and its preservation are revised. Absolute entropy of the mixed components of non-living biomass (around -1.6 x 103 J K-1 L-1) is the reference to which other entropy decreases would be ascribed to life. Compartmentation of metabolites and departure from the equilibrium of metabolic reactions account for 1 and 40-50 J K-1 L-1, respectively, decreases of entropy and, though small, are distinctive features of living tissues. DNA and proteins do not supply significant decreases of thermodynamic entropy, but their low informational entropy is relevant for life and its evolution. No other living feature contributes significantly to the low entropy associated to life.
The photosynthetic conversion of radiant energy to biomass energy accounts for the most of entropy (2.8 x 105 J K-1 carbon kg-1) produced by living beings. The comparative very low entropy produced in other processes (around 4.8 x102 J K-1 L-1 day-1 in human body) must be rapidly exported outside as heat to preserve the low entropy decreases due to compartmentation and non-equilibrium metabolism. Enzymes and genes are described whose control minimize the rate of production of entropy and could explain selective pressures in biological evolution and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.
MALDI-TOF-MS-Based Identification of Monoclonal Murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Within One Hour
Authors: Tscheuschner Georg , Kaiser Melanie N. , Lisec Jan , Beslic Denis , Muth Thilo , Krüger Maren , Mages Hans-Werner , Dorner Brigitte G. , Knospe Julia , Schenk Jörg A. , Sellrie Frank , Weller Michael G.
Published: March 2022

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used thirty-five monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied onto the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 45 minutes and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 °C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0 (https://gets.shinyapps.io/ABID/). This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context.
Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Children 3-12 Years Old
Authors: Greish Khaled , Alawadhi Abdulla , Jaradat Ahmed , Almarabheh Amer , AlMadhi Marwa , Jawad Jaleela , Alsaffar Basma , Alalawi Ejlal , Al-Sayyad Adel , Merza Afaf , Alalawi Batool , Qayed Donia , Humaidan Ahmed , Al-Qahtani Manaf
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: In the current Covid-19 pandemic, children below the age of 12 could manifest Covid-19 symptoms and serve as a reservoir for the virus in the community. The present study was conducted to evaluate the reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of BBIBP-CorV, prior to involving this age group in the vaccination program in the kingdom of Bahrain. Subjects and Methods: The study included 582 children from 3 to 12 years old of Bahraini and non-Bahraini nationality, all of which contributed to the reactogenicity study. Of those, 401 contributed to the immunogenicity study. All children received 2 doses of BBIBP-CorV inactivated virus 3 weeks apart. To assess reactogenicity, children were followed up for 5 weeks to evaluate any vaccine-related adverse events (AE). To assess immunogenicity, blood was collected on day 0 and day 35 to assess antibody titer against S, N, and neutralizing antibody. Results: Of the 582 participants, (45.4%) were female, (54.61%) were male, with 49% in 9-12 age group. Of the 401 children contributing to the immunogenicity study, 274 (68.3%) had no prior exposure to Covid-19. The overall incidence of AE was 27.7%. No significant difference was found among different age groups. The most frequent AE was local (at the injection site) and occurred in 16% of children, followed by fever in 9.3%. No serious adverse events were reported. The Seroconversion rate was 100% among children with no prior exposure to Covid-19. Children with previous Covid-19 exposure had higher averages of anti-S (2379 U/ml compared to 409.1), anti-N (177.6 U/ml compared to 30.9) and neutralizing antibody (93.7 U/ml compared to 77.1) than children with no prior exposure at day 35. Conclusions: Two doses of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV on the subjects aged between 3 to 12 has good safety and tolerance and can induce an effective immune response and neutralizing antibody titer.
Quality by Design: A Suitable Methodology in Industrial Pharmacy for Costa Rican Universities
Authors: Castillo-Henríquez Luis , Murillo-Castillo Brayan , Ramírez-Arguedas Nils , Mora-Román Juan José , Chaves-Siles Lexi , Hernández-Mora Edgar , Vega-Baudrit José
Published: March 2022

The aim of this review is to present the Quality by Design (QbD) model as a suitable methodology to perform research in the academic Costa Rican institutions that teach Pharmacy. Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were screened for original and review papers, as well as short communications published not more than 10 years ago. Publications were screened by title and abstract. Relevant references were used to develop three important themes: The University’s Research Model in Costa Rica, QbD Model, and QbD as a Research Methodology for Industrial Pharmacy in the Academy. In this sense, the QbD model is a great methodology for carrying out research projects regarding Pharmaceutical Sciences but especially for Drug Development. Academic research based on this model enables training and developing practical, scientific, and leadership skills in pharmacy students. The generated knowledge can be shared in the classrooms, which represents an ideal environment to communicate their research results and to foster collaborative work between researchers, professors, and students. The participation of all these actors allows a high level of commitment to research work, which benefits the scientific advancement of the university and society. It is important to visualize the student body as potential key actors in the research process, encouraging in them the desire to become trained scientific researchers who want to pursue a career in the academy, giving continuity to it.
Measures and Methods for the Evaluation of ATO Algorithms
Authors: Bochmann Patrick , Jaekel Birgit
Published: March 2022

There is increasing interest in automating train operations of mainline services, e.g. to increase network capacity. Automatic train operation (ATO) is already achieved by several pilot projects, but not implemented on a large scale. Before the general introduction of new or adapted technologies can have a transformative effect on the operation of such a complex system as train operation on mainlines, they have to pass functional, interoperability and performance tests. A virtual preliminary analysis is one way to ensure a smooth as well as safe introduction and implementation. This paper aims to present an approach that applies to the performance testing of ATO systems. Therefore, methods and test standards for technologies enabling automatic operation in other transport sectors are reviewed. The main findings have been adapted, transformed and combined to be used as a general strategy for virtual performance testing in the railway sector. Specifically, universal performance indicators, namely punctuality, accuracy, energy consumption, safety and comfort, are presented. A layer model for scenario description is adapted from the automotive sector, as well as the definition of different scenario types. Lastly, factors that can influence the performance of an ATO algorithm are identified. To demonstrate the developed approach, a straightforward investigation of a case study is conducted using a microscopic train simulator in combination with an ATO algorithm.
The Wasps are Clever: Keeping Out and Finding Bot Answers in Internet Surveys Used for Health Research
Authors: Brainard Julii , Lane Kathleen , Watts Laura , Bunn Diane
Published: March 2022

Automated software bots infiltrate online surveys and corrupt data integrity, not to mention waste researcher time and budgets. Although resources exist to help keep bots out and identify bots when they do evade survey barriers, bot attacks may be a persistent problem for online surveys for a long time to come. Bots are evolving -- even as survey designers try ever more sophisticated methods to fend them off and weed their answers out. Vigilance needs to be high and the bot generators should not be under-estimated. We recount here some bot features we encountered after our own survey was attacked that helped to identify them, and that have not been detailed elsewhere. We also discuss reasons why commonly recommended strategies for how to keep bots out may not be feasible for many scientific researchers.