bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term land-use changes: A comparison between Czechia and Slovenia
Authors: Bičík Ivan , Gabrovec Matej , Kupková Lucie
Published: May 2019

Detailed information about land use is available from the mid-nineteenth century onward for the countries of the former Habsburg Monarchy. For Slovenia and Czechia, databases have been created that make it possible to analyze the period from the first half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century. The processes of changing land use were comparable during the period examined. Nonetheless, the cultural landscape in Czechia was significantly more transformed. Because of the nationalization of land after the Second World War and the establishment of state-owned collective farms and cooperatives, today large complexes of farmland predominate, whereas in Slovenia fragmented properties still predominate, and the cultural landscape therefore preserves many more elements from the nineteenth century.
Green creative environments: Contribution to sustainable urban and regional development
Authors: Kozina Jani , Poljak Istenič Saša , Komac Blaž
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and conceptual introduction for the Special Issue on the role of green creative environments in sustainable urban and regional development. The idea is based on the assumption that concepts of creativity mostly address economic issues and to a lesser extent social issues, while green concepts predominantly deal with environmental aspects. Therefore, we lack a deeper insight into the interrelations between creative and green environments in urban and regional development. This special issue addresses this research gap through investigating 1) the residential preferences of the creative class in city-regional, urban and rural settings, 2) participatory urbanism as a tool for creative interventions in urban planning, and 3) the importance of green amenities as spatial attraction factors for small creative actors. We argue that green creative environments can contribute to sustainable urban and regional development.
Chronology of heterogeneous deposits in the side entrance of Postojna Cave, Slovenia
Authors: Ferk Mateja , Lipar Matej , Šmuc Andrej , Drysdale Russell N. , Zhao Jian
Published: May 2019

The development of the tourist trail in the side passage Rov Novih Podpisov of Postojna Cave in 2001 exposed an over four metres thick sedimentary succession characterised by horizontal flowstone layers intercalated between fine-grained fluvial sediments, and gravel deposits that record past environmental changes. The time of the flowstone deposition was determined by radiocarbon and uranium-thorium dating techniques. The results yielded three distinctive age groups of flowstone facies of 33 ka, 103 ka and 153 ka. These results also indicate that flowstone deposition has not been limited solely to periods of warm climate, which suggests that environmental conditions during glacial periods in south-western Slovenia supported flowstone deposition.
Effect of Ball Milling Process on Electrochemical Properties of Copper Hexacyanoferrate Active Material for Calcium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Ha Jin , Kim Du Yeol , Jeong Soon Ki
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the electrochemical properties of ball-milled copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF), a Prussian blue analogue, as a cathode material in aqueous calcium-ion batteries (CIBs). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the ball milling process did not destroy the crystal structure of the CuHCF active material. The general grain size and crystal surface of the synthesized CuHCF active materials were confirmed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The electrochemical test results revealed that prolonged ball milling improved the charge/discharge capacity in the initial cycle. After 200 cycles, structural collapse of the CuHCF electrode occurred, as observed by SEM.
Environmentally Friendly Supercapacitor Based on Carbon Dots from Durian Peel as an Electrode
Authors: Praneerad Janjira , Neungnoraj Khanin , In Insik , Paoprasert Peerasak
Published: May 2019

Carbon dots (CDs) are novel carbon-based nanomaterials with attractive optical and electronic properties and have become a focal point for tailoring electrochemical performances of energy storage devices. In this work, a pyrolysis method was developed for producing carbon dots from durian peel waste. The carbon dots exhibited blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 11% and an average size of about 10 nm. Carbon dot-reinforced activated carbon (AC) was used to construct a composite electrode using poly (vinylidene fluoride) as a binder. From cyclic voltamogram, AC/CD composite electrode exhibited a 1.4 fold increase in the specific capacitance (about 60 F g-1), compared to that of the pure AC electrode (43 F g-1). This capacitance improvement is possibly due to the introduction of high surface-area carbon dots and pseudocapacitive behaviors offered by surface functional groups of carbon dots. These results indicate that carbon dots are effective dopants for improving the electrode properties and subsequently the supercapacitor performances. Converting durian peel waste into functional nanomaterials is also attractive from the various perspectives, offering a strategy that can be potentially applied for many other biomasses.
Grain Refining Effect of Al-5Ti-1B Master Alloy on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy
Authors: Chowwanonthapunya Thee , Peeratatsuwan Chaiyawat
Published: May 2019

In this study, the structures of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy and its influence on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy were investigated. The results show that Al-5Ti-1B master alloy consisted of the uniform distribution of lump-like TiB2 and network of TiAl3 on α-Al matrix. The addition of the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy can significantly reduce the grain size of A356 alloy. The mechanical properties of A356 alloy, i.e. ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were also improved. The use of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy as a grain refiner in the casting process of A356 alloy can effectively enhance the grain refinement and thus improve the mechanical performance of A356 alloy.
Water Adsorption Properties of Titanium(IV) Oxide Embedded in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
Authors: Fernando H.A. , Raveendran Praveena , Christy Alfred A. , Dhayalan Velauthapillai
Published: May 2019

Titanium(IV) oxide was embedded into carbon nanotubes through sonication. The water adsorption properties of the carbon nanotubes, titanium(IV) oxide and the titanium(IV) oxide embedded carbon nanotubes have been studied using near infrared spectroscopy and second derivative techniques. Each sample was evacuated, then exposed to 40% and 60% relative humidity to adsorb water molecules and the evolving adsorption near infrared spectra were studied. Adsorption properties were further studied by gravimetric analysis. Near infrared spectroscopic and Scanning Electron Microscopic studies confirm that the titanium(IV) oxide has been embedded into the carbon nanotube samples. The water adsorption profiles show that the TiO2adsorbs more water at a relative humidity of 60% than at relative humidity of 40%. However, the titanium(IV) oxide embedded in CNTs loses its ability to adsorb water. Embedding of titanium(IV) oxide in CNT has altered the adsorption properties of pure TiO2.
Severe Plastic Deformation of Al-15Zn-2Mg Alloy: Effect on Wear Properties
Authors: Manjunath G.K. , Udaya Bhat K. , Preetham Kumar G.V.
Published: May 2019

In the present work, Al-Zn-Mg alloy having highest zinc content was deformed by one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and effect of ECAP on the microstructure evolution and the wear properties were studied. ECAP was performed in a split die and the channels of the die are intersecting at an angle of 120º. ECAP was attempted at least possible temperature and the alloy was successfully ECAPed at 423 K. Below this temperature samples were failed in the first pass itself. After ECAP, significant drop in the grain size was reported. Also, ECAP leads to significant raise in the microhardness of the alloy. Predominantly, after ECAP, upsurge in the wear resistance of the alloy was noticed. To figure out the response of ECAP on the wear properties of the alloy; worn surfaces of the wear test samples were analyzed in SEM.
Combining Traditional Materials-Concrete and Reinforcement - in a Modern Manner-SCC and WWF - for Cost Effective and Zero Defects Construction
Authors: Rajeswaran T.A. Rajha , Ravichandran A. , Kothandaraman S.
Published: May 2019

The paper describes how two traditional construction materials-Concrete and Steel Reinforcement can contribute better value to RCC and Precast Concrete structures by modernizing their forms as Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and Welded Wire Fabric (WWF). SCC is widely accepted by infrastructural, industrial, commercial and even individual house builders – due to its assured quality delivery, especially for cast–in-situ RCC construction. Many defects with conventional vibrated concrete -- honeycombing, segregation and bleeding, loss of workability, choking in concrete pump pipelines and overheating -- have been eliminated or at least minimized by using SCC. For any type of congested reinforcement, mainly in beam – column junctions, edges and corners, SCC has delivered satisfactory filling and honeycomb free densification. Also due to the absence of the use of vibrators, formworks have been spared from joint leakages – saving both the concrete and the formwork itself. But however, even in many advanced construction companies, due to poor detailing practices, and non-mechanized bar-bending (or mechanization limited to only cutting and bending of rebars ), reinforcement laps, splices and bends, hooks, pose an additional burden on the free flow, filling and densification of SCC. Thus using SCC alone may not ensure defect free construction in RCC. The changes should be wholesome and comprehensive. This paper describes how SCC and WWF enhance the quality of RCC construction and ensuring defect free construction. The effects of WWF and SCC are elaborated in detail considering all the physical properties and practical issues. Along with the technical analysis, the commercial and sustainable benefits of SCC and WWF are discussed.
Mineralogical Analysis of Portland Clinker Produced from the Incorporation of Granitic Rock Fines (GRF)
Authors: Gomes André Gonçalves , Santos Tiago Assunção , da Silva Andrade Neto José , Ribeiro Daniel Véras
Published: May 2019

Portland cement is the result of the calcination of a properly raw mix of limestone and clay, at high temperatures, and its manufacturing process is responsible for high environmental impacts, such as the exploitation of the deposits of these raw materials. In this context, the search for alternative raw materials becomes necessary. Thus, the present work analyzed the feasibility of the use of granite rock fines (GRF), waste generated in the process of production of aggregates for civil construction (gravel), aiming at the manufacture of Portland clinker. Firstly, the raw materials were characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically and, from these results, different raw mixes were prepared with different weight substitution of clay by the GRF (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Clinkers were produced from the calcination of the raw materials, and these were characterized mineralogically, in order to verify the optimal incorporation content of the GRF. Thus, it was possible to observe that the substitution of clay by GRF is technically viable and does not significantly interfere in the formation of mineralogical phases of Portland clinker.
The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Phase Transformation of Citrogypsum via Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Sirimahasal Thanakit , Kalhong Yutthana , Simasatitkul Lida , Pranee Siriporn , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: May 2019

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4•2H2O, CSD), gypsum is a by-product in the production of citric acid (citryogypsum). This by-product could neither be exploited nor distributed as a reactant because of its physical properties including those that are not equivalent to natural gypsum. Moreover, the mentioned citrogypsum has been continually increasing environmental problems. Therefore, this research aims at how to recycle gypsum that is synthesized by hydrothermal method at 95oC for 7 hrs under the atmospheric pressure via different solutions (MeOH, EtOH, PrOH, BuOH and Hexane). In order to produce alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CaSO4•0.5H2O, α-CSH) with improved physical properties that will be used for different industries. FT-IR reveals the chemical composition of crystal and the adsorption of methyl group on the surface. Besides, TGA thermogram shows the theoretical crystal water content of CSD and α-CSH 20.9 wt% and 6.2 wt% respectively. The DSC thermogram, shows that endothermic peaks at 151.2 oC and 168.5 oC. There were two steps of loss at 1.5 and 0.5 water molecule respectively. With SEM images of crystal shows the plate-like shape of citrogypsum, while α-CSH shows the hexagonal shape excluding hexane solution. Of all the results, the polarity of solution has an impact on the transition of CSD to α-CSH under this condition.
Evaluation of Chemically Treated and Lime Stabilized Gold Mine Tailings: Effect on Unconfined Compressive Strength
Authors: Tebogo Mashifana , Thandiwe Sithole
Published: May 2019

For over 200 years of gold mining, little has been done to minimize the negative impact of gold mine tailings to the environment. The overall generation of tailing by South African gold mining industry is approximately 300 million tons of slimes. This study was conducted to develop an effective chemical treatment process to reduce major heavy metals in the gold mine tailings, to stabilize the treated gold tailings with lime, to enhance its unconfined compressive strength. Two reagents were investigated namely, citric acid and oxalic acid, the concentrations were varied between 0.25 M and 0.5 M. The leaching tests were conducted at temperatures of 25, 50 and 85 °C. The Elemental, mineralogical and micrograph analysis were conducted on the raw gold mine tailing, treated tailings and stabilized tailing. The results showed a higher relative proportion of magnesium, aluminium silicon, iron and sulphate. The relative proportion for all other metals was below 1 wt%. Citric acid proved to be the best chemical reagent and the optimum results were obtained when the leaching tests were conducted at a temperature of 85 °C, with the concentration of 0.5 M. The final treated solid products had major constituents which enhances material strength development, thus silica and aluminium. Stabilising the treated tailings with 30% hydrated lime, improved the unconfined compressive strength from 1.14 MPa to 2.9 MPa.
Granulation and Photocatalytic Performance of Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes with Microwave-Assisted Annealing
Authors: Liu Gang , Feng Dao Lun , Ma Qiang , Wang Ming Yu , Xu Hai Dong
Published: May 2019

The present work investigates the effects of microwave-assisted annealing on the granulation and photocatalytic performance of anodic TiO2 nanotubes. The results indicate that although microwave-assisted heating can transform the amorphous TiO2 nanotubes into completely anatase one within 5min, it brings the collapse and granulation of TiO2 nanotubes, which weaken their photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the detachment and evolution of F- rich layer to a layer of TiO2 membrane with rounding-off surface, and the stripping of TiO2 nanotube bottom from its body are also observed.
Microstructure and Positron Lifetimes of Aluminide Coatings on Inconel 713
Authors: Romanowska Jolanta , Dryzek Ewa , Zagula-Yavorska Maryana
Published: May 2019

The microstructure of the palladium modified and non-modified aluminide coatings was examined by the EDS and the positron annihilation spectroscopy methods. Both coatings have a double layer structure: β-NiAl phase or β-(Ni,Pd)Al phase on the top and the interdiffusion zones with the chromium and molybdenum rich phases in the β-NiAl or or β-(Ni,Pd)Al phase below. Palladium, that forms the β-(Ni,Pd)Al phase and substitutes for nickel atoms causes the increase of the positron lifetime value due to the increase in the number of open volume defects in the lattice which are jogs or vacancies on dislocation lines.
Dissimilar Welding of T92/T91/T22 Steels Used in Supercritical Power Plant
Authors: Kuo Hsing Ting , Liu Ying Cheng , Huang Jian Yuan , Shiue Ren Kae
Published: May 2019

Dissimilar tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of furnace tube alloys, T92, T91 and T22, using TG-S2CM, TG-S2CW and TG-S9Cb fillers is performed in the experiment. Post weld heat treatments (PWHTs) of specimens selected from wire cutting of the qualified weldments are carried out in order to evaluate carbon migration phenomena. The soft zone resulted from carbon migration can be evaluated by optical microscope and microhardness tests. Based on the long-term aging test results, obvious soft zone is found from the weldment with significant difference in alloying concentrations. There is no soft zone in T92/T91 dissimilar weldment using the TG-S9Cb filler after the aging test. In contrast, soft zones are observed from the interfaces, TG-S2CM/T92 and TG-S2CW/T92. The size of soft zone (~50 μm) using TG-S2CW filler is much less than that using TG-S2CM filler (~200 μm). The application of TG-S2CW filler shows potential in welding/repair welding of T92/T22 tubes in supercritical boilers.
A New Salt-Inclusion Single-Phased White Phosphor Ba7B3SiO13Br:Dy3+ for White Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ju Hai Dong , Wang Bao Ling , Yang Qi Mei
Published: May 2019

A series of Ba7B3SiO13Br:Dy3+ phosphors were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method for the first time. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the samples were pure phase and crystallized in a hexagonal phase with a space group of the P63mc (186). The luminescence spectrum exhibited a strong blue emission band peaked at 478 nm, a strong yellow emission band at 575 nm and a weak emission band at 665 nm, corresponding to the transitions from 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, 6H13/2 and 6H13/2 of Dy3+, respectively. According to the emission spectrum of Ba6.92B3SiO13Br:0.08Dy3+ excited at 349 nm, the chromaticity coordinate was calculated to be (0.317, 0.358) located on the white light region. The concentration quenching mechanism of Dy3+ in Ba7B3SiO13Br was ascribed to the multipolar-multipolar interaction. The current researches suggested that the phosphor can be used as a white phosphor suitable for white light-emitting diodes.
A method for semi-automated image analysis of HLA class I tumour epithelium expression in rectal cancer
Authors: Krijgsman Daniëlle , Van Vlierberghe Ronald L.P. , Evangelou Vaios , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Sier Cornelis F.M. , Kuppen Peter J.K.
Published: May 2019

Biomarkers may hold the key towards development and improvement of personalized cancer treatment. For instance, tumour expression of immune system-related proteins may reveal the tumour immune status and, accordingly, determine choice for type of immunotherapy. Therefore, objective evaluation of tumour biomarker expression is needed but often challenging. For instance, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tumour epithelium expression is cumbersome to quantify by eye due to its presence on both tumour epithelial cells and tumour stromal cells, as well as tumour-infiltrating immune cells. In this study, we solved this problem by setting up an immunohistochemical (IHC) double staining using a tissue microarray (TMA) of rectal tumours wherein HLA class I expression was coloured with a blue chromogen, whereas non-epithelial tissue was visualized with a brown chromogen. We subsequently developed a semi-automated image analysis method that identified tumour epithelium as well as the percentage of HLA class I-positive tumour epithelium. Using this technique, we compared HCA2/HC10 and EMR8-5 antibodies for the assessment of HLA class I tumour expression and concluded that EMR8-5 is the superior antibody for this purpose. This IHC double staining can in principle be used for scoring of any biomarker expressed by tumour epithelium.
Macro- and microvascular functions in cystic fibrosis adults without cardiovascular risk factors: A case-control study
Authors: Vizzardi Enrico , Sciatti Edoardo , Bonadei Ivano , Cani Dario S. , Menotti Elisa , Prati Francesco , Dallapellegrina Lucia , Metra Marco , Berlendis Marialma , Poli Piercarlo , Padoan Rita
Published: May 2019

Increasing survival from cystic fibrosis show untypical systems involvement, such as cardiocirculatory. In particular, the presence of CFTR in smooth muscle and endothelial cells, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress could explain vascular alterations in these patients. We aimed at noninvasely evaluating macro- and microvascular dysfunction in cystic fibrosis adults without cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty-twoadults affected by cystic fibrosis and 24 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were enrolled. None had known cardiovascular risk factors. All people underwent blood pressure measurement, microvascular function assessment by EndoPAT-2000 device (calculating RH-PAT index) and macrovascular evaluation by pulse wave velocity (PWV). RH-PAT index was significantly lower in patients than in controls (1.74±0.59 vs 2.33±0.34; p<0.001). Thirteen patients of 22 had a value inferior to the threshold of 1.67 (59.1%), while no controls had (p<0.001). Carotid-femoral PWV did not differ between the two groups (5.2±1.5 m/s vs 5.4±1.1; p=0.9), while brachial-ankle one did (11.0±2.2 m/s vs 10.1±0.8 m/s; p=0.04).Adults patients affected by cystic fibrosis show peripheral endothelial dysfunction, which is the first alteration in atherosclerotic phenomenon. Moreover, arterial stiffness measured by PWV unclearly seems to differ respect of healthy people, perhaps because PWV alterations are typical of above 50 years old people. It is unclear what prognostic role of future developing of atherosclerotic disease these findings could be, but it seems evident that cystic fibrosis directly affects cardiovascular system itself.
Inertia Dynamometer Rotor Crack Test Procedure for Air Disc Brakes
Authors:   Truck and Bus Foundation Brake Committee
Published: May 2019

This Recommended Practice applies to commercial vehicles equipped with air disc brakes and above 4536 kg of Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. Other assessments on the friction material or rotor related to wear, durability, correlation to product life, noise, judder, compliance to specific regulations, etc., are not part of this RP (Recommended Practice).
Parent-Mediated Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Althoff Colleen E. , Dammann Caitlin P. , Hope Sarah J. , Ausderau Karla K.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of parent-mediated interventions on occupational performance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

METHOD. We conducted a search of academic databases using terms such as autism spectrum disorder, parent, caregiver, and intervention. Five hundred eighty-two articles were reviewed, and 109 were selected for full-text review. The final analysis included 13 articles.

RESULTS. Strong evidence was found for the efficacy of parent-mediated intervention for increasing child joint attention. Moderate evidence was found for the improvement of language scores, expressive language, nonverbal communication, initiation and response to interaction, behavior, play, adaptive functioning, ASD symptoms, and social communication.

CONCLUSION. This systematic review suggests that parent-mediated interventions for children with ASD can improve various aspects of communication and ASD symptoms, with emerging support for occupational performance. Occupational therapy practitioners are well suited to facilitate these interventions to support families with children with autism.
Mixing characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols determined by a tandem CPMA-SP2 system at an urban site in Beijing
Authors: Liu Hang , Pan Xiaole , Liu Dantong , Liu Xiaoyong , Chen Xueshun , Tian Yu , Sun Yele , Fu Pingqing , Wang Zifa
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Black carbon aerosols play an important role in climate change by absorbing solar radiation and degrading visibility. In this study, the mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC) at an urban site in Beijing was studied with a single particle soot photometer (SP2), as well as a tandem observation system with a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), in early summer of 2018. The results demonstrated that the mass-equivalent size distribution of rBC exhibited an approximately lognormal distribution with a mass median diameter (MMD) of 171.2 nm. When the site experienced prevailing southerly winds, the MMD of rBC increased notably by 19 %. During the observational period, the ratio of the diameter of rBC-containing particles (Dp) to the rBC core (Dc) was 1.20 on average for Dc = 180 nm, indicating that the majority of rBC particles were thinly coated. The Dp / Dc value exhibited a clear diurnal pattern, with a maximum at 1400 LST and an enhancing rate of 0.013/h; higher Ox conditions increased the coating enhancing rate. Bare rBC particles were primarily in a fractal structure with a mass fractal dimension (Dfm) of 2.35, with limited variation during both clean and pollution periods, indicating significant impacts from on-road vehicle emissions. The morphology of rBC-containing particles vairied with aging processes. The mixing state of rBC particles could be indicated by the mass ratio of non-refractory matter to rBC (MR). In the present study, rBC-containing particles were primarily found in an external fractal structure when MR  6, at which the measured scattering cross section of rBC-containing particles was consistent with that based on the Mie-scattering simulation. We found only 9 % of the rBC-containing particles were in core-shell structures on clean days with a particle mass of 10 fg, and the number fraction of core-shell structures increased considerably to 32 % on pollution days. Considering the morphology change, the absorption enhancement (Eabs) was 11.7 % higher based on core-shell structures. This study highlights the combined effects of morphology and coating thickness on the Eabs of rBC-containing particles, which will be helpful for determining the climatic effects of BC.
Ostracods as ecological and isotopic indicators of lake water salinity changes: the Lake Van example
Authors: McCormack Jeremy , Viehberg Finn , Akdemir Derya , Immenhauser Adrian , Kwiecien Ola
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Ostracods are common lacustrine calcitic microfossils. Their faunal
assemblage and morphological characteristics are important ecological
proxies, and their valves are archives of geochemical information related to
palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological changes. In an attempt to assess
ostracod ecology (taxonomic diversity and valve morphology) combined with
valve geochemistry (δ18O and δ13C) as
palaeosalinity indicators, we analysed sedimentary material from the
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Ahlat Ridge site
from a terminal and alkaline lake, Lake Van (Turkey), covering the last
150 kyr. Despite a low species diversity, the ostracod faunal assemblage
reacted sensitively to changes in the concentration of total dissolved salts
in their aquatic environment. Limnocythere inopinata is present
throughout the studied interval, while Limnocythere sp. A is
restricted to the Last Glacial period and related to increased lake water
salinity and alkalinity. The presence of species belonging to the genus
Candona is limited to periods of lower salinity. Valves of
Limnocytherinae species (incl. L. inopinata) display nodes (hollow
protrusions) during intervals of increased salinity. Both the number of noded
valves and the number of nodes per valve appear to increase with rising
salinity, suggesting that node formation is related to hydrological changes
(salinity and/or alkalinity). In contrast to Lake Van's bulk
δ18O record, the δ18O values of ostracod valves
do record relative changes of the lake volume, with lower values during high
lake level periods. The δ13C values of different species
reflect ostracod habitat preferences (i.e. infaunal vs. epifaunal) but are
less sensitive to hydrological changes. However, combined with other proxies,
decreasing Holocene δ13C values may indicate a freshening of
the lake water compared to the low lake level during the Last Glacial period.
The Lake Van example underscores the significance and value of coupling
ostracod ecology and valve geochemistry in palaeoenvironmental studies of
endorheic lake basins.
Organic carbon rich sediments: benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of depositional environments
Authors: Lo Giudice Cappelli Elena , Clarke Jessica L. , Smeaton Craig , Davidson Keith , Austin William E. N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Fjords have been described as hotspots for carbon burial, potentially playing a key role within the carbon cycle as climate regulators over multiple timescales. Nevertheless, little is known about the long-term fate of the carbon that may become stored in fjordic sediments. One of the main reasons for this knowledge gap is that carbon arriving on the seafloor is prone to post-depositional degradation, posing a great challenge when trying to discriminate between an actual change in carbon deposition rate and post depositional carbon loss. In this study, we evaluate the use of modern benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of carbon content in six voes (fjords) on the west coast of Shetland. Benthic foraminifera are sensitive to changes in carbon content in the sediments, and changes in their assemblage composition therefore reflect synchronous variations in the quantity and quality of carbon reaching the seafloor. We identified four environments based on the relationship between benthic foraminiferal assemblages and carbon content in the sediments: 1) Land-locked regions influenced by riverine/freshwater inputs of organic matter, namely the head of fjords with a restricted geomorphology; 2) Stressed environments with a heavily stratified water column and sediments rich in organic matter of low nutritional value; 3) Depositional environments with moderate organic content and mild or episodic current activity; 4) Marginal to coastal settings with low organic content, such as fjords with an unrestricted geomorphology. We conclude that foraminifera potentially provide a tool to disentangle primary carbon signals from post-depositional degradation and loss of carbon because of their environmental sensitivity and high preservation potential in the sedimentary record.
The Holocene Evolution of a Sedimentary Carbon Store in a Mid Latitude Fjord
Authors: Smeaton Craig , Cui Xingqian , Bianchi Thomas S. , Cage Alix G. , Howe John A. , Austin William E. N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Fjord sediments are recognized as hotspots for the burial and storage of organic carbon, yet little is known about what drives the formation of these coastal carbon stores and how this has altered over time. Here we show that fjords can act as sustained hotspots for carbon burial and storage over Holocene timescales. Further we investigate the role of North Atlantic climate and humans in the evolution of a coastal carbon store using sediment records from a temperate Scottish fjord. Our findings indicate that climate and anthropogenic activity have independently driven increases in terrestrial carbon to the marine environment. When both these drivers were coupled, the terrestrial response was pronounced and the relative proportion of terrestrial OC in the marine sediments increases from 5 % up to 70 %. We hypothesize that sustained human disturbance through the late Holocene sensitized the catchment to abrupt climate reorganizations. The results highlight the importance of fjords for carbon burial and the significance of terrestrial carbon subsidy to the long-term carbon store.
Reconstituting past flood events: the contribution of citizen science
Authors: Sy Bocar , Frischknecht Corine , Dao Hy , Consuegra David , Giuliani Gregory
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Information gathered on past flood events is essential for understanding and assessing flood hazard. In this study, we present how citizen science can help retrieving this information, in particular in areas with scarce or no instrumental measurements on past events. The case study is located in Yeumbeul North (YN), Senegal, where flood impacts represent a growing concern for the local community. This area lacks instrumental records on flood extent and water depth as well as information on the chain of causative factors. We developed a framework using two techniques to retrieve information on past flood events by involving two groups of citizens who were present during the floods. The first technique targeted the part of the citizens’ memory, which records information on events, recalled through narratives, whereas the second technique focused on scaling past flood event intensities using different parts of the witnesses’ body. These techniques were used for 3 events, which occurred in 2005, 2009 and 2012. They proved complementary by providing quantitative information on flood extents and water depths, and by revealing factors that may have contributed in aggravating floods for 3 events which occurred in 2005, 2009 and 2012.
Are the effects of vegetation and soil changes as important as climate
change impacts on hydrological processes?
Authors: Rasouli Kabir , Pomeroy John W. , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Hydrological processes are widely understood to be sensitive to changes in climate, but the effects of changes in vegetation and soils have seldom been considered. The response of mountain hydrology to future climate and vegetation/soil changes is modelled in three snowmelt dominated mountain basins in the North American Cordillera. A Cold Regions Hydrological Model developed for each basin was driven with perturbed observed meteorological time series. Monthly perturbations were developed from differences in eleven regional climate model outputs between the present and future scenarios. Future climate change in these basins results in decreased modelled peak snow water equivalent (SWE) but increased evapotranspiration in all basins. All three watersheds became more rainfall-dominated. In Wolf Creek in the Yukon Territory, an insignificant increasing effect of vegetation change on peak SWE was found to be important enough to offset the significant climate change effect on alpine snow. In Marmot Creek in the Canadian Rockies, a combined effect of soil and climate changes on increasing annual runoff becomes significant while their individual effects are not statistically significant. In the relatively warmer Reynolds Mountain East catchment in Idaho, USA, only vegetation change decreases annual runoff volume and changes in soil, climate, or combination of them do not affect runoff. At high elevations in Wolf and Marmot Creeks, modelled vegetation/soil changes moderated the impact of climate change on peak SWE, the timing of peak SWE, evapotranspiration, and annual runoff volume. At medium elevations, these changes intensified the impact of climate change, decreasing peak SWE, and sublimation. The modelled hydrological impacts of changes in climate, vegetation, and soil in mountain environments are similar in magnitude but not consistently in the direction in all biomes; in some combinations, this results in enhanced impacts at lower elevations and latitudes and offsetting effects at higher elevations and latitudes.
Compacting the Description of a Time-Dependent Multivariable System and Its Time-Dependent Multivariable Driver by Reducing the System and Driver State Vectors to Aggregate Scalars: The Earth’s Solar-Wind-Driven Magnetosphere
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Osmane Adnane
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Using the solar-wind-driven magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system, a methodology is developed to reduce a state-vector description of a time-dependent driven system to a composite scalar picture of the activity in the system. The technique uses canonical correlation analysis to reduce the time-dependent system and driver state vectors to time-dependent system and driver scalars, with the scalars describing the response in the system that is most-closely related to the driver. This reduced description has advantages: low noise, high prediction efficiency, linearity in the described system response to the driver, and compactness. The methodology identifies independent modes of reaction of a system to its driver. The analysis of the magnetospheric system is demonstrated. Using autocorrelation analysis, Jensen-Shannon complexity analysis, and permutation-entropy analysis the properties of the derived aggregate scalars are assessed. This state-vector-reduction technique may be useful for other multivariable systems driven by multiple inputs.
Power curve and wake analyses of the Vestas multi-rotor demonstrator
Authors: van der Laan Maarten Paul , Andersen Søren Juhl , Ramos García Néstor , Angelou Nikolas , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Ott Søren , Sjöholm Mikael , Sørensen Kim Hylling , Vianna Neto Julio Xavier , Kelly Mark , Mikkelsen Torben Krogh , Larsen Gunner Christian
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Numerical simulations of the Vestas multi-rotor demonstrator (4R-V29) are
compared with field measurements of power performance and remote sensing
measurements of the wake deficit from a short-range WindScanner lidar system.
The simulations predict a gain of 0 %–2 % in power due to the rotor
interaction at below rated wind speeds. The power curve measurements also
show that the rotor interaction increases the power performance below the
rated wind speed by 1.8 %, which can result in a 1.5 % increase in
the annual energy production. The wake measurements and numerical simulations
show four distinct wake deficits in the near wake, which merge into a
single-wake structure further downstream. Numerical simulations also show
that the wake recovery distance of a simplified 4R-V29 wind turbine is
1.03–1.44 Deq shorter than for an equivalent single-rotor wind
turbine with a rotor diameter Deq. In addition, the numerical
simulations show that the added wake turbulence of the simplified 4R-V29 wind
turbine is lower in the far wake compared with the equivalent single-rotor
wind turbine. The faster wake recovery and lower far-wake turbulence of such
a multi-rotor wind turbine has the potential to reduce the wind turbine
spacing within a wind farm while providing the same production output.
What Pennsylvania Public Libraries Want: An Analysis of PAMAILALL Job Advertisements
Authors: Maccaferri James Tilio , Harhai Marilyn K.
Published: May 2019

Job advertisements appearing on the Internet discussion list PAMAILALL from October 2017 to September 2018 were analyzed to determine the nature of and requirements for professional and non-professional positions in Pennsylvania public libraries. The analysis concludes that professional positions tend to be permanent and full-time, require a master’s degree in library science, and be in the areas of administration, reference, and children’s and youth services. Non-professional positions tend to be permanent but part-time, have lower and more diverse educational requirements, and be in access services and children’s and youth services. Required years of experience vary widely for both professional and non-professional positions, with many advertisements not stating any. The results can inform job seekers on needed skills. MLS students interested in public librarianship should acquire skills in library public services and administration and that MLS curricula should provide a strong core in traditional library knowledge, skills, and abilities as well as elective courses in public services and administration. For those interested in non-professional positions, development of transferable skills, such as interpersonal and communication skills, should be documented.
El desafío epistemológico de la praxis teórica en la construcción de teorías de la comunicación.
Authors: Maldonado Gómez de la Torre Alberto Efendy
Published: May 2019

Este texto tiene como objetivo suscitar reflexiones y debates sobre el quehacer teórico, académico y científico en ciencias de la comunicación. Trabaja tres aspectos aglutinadores: en primer lugar, la praxis teórica y su contribución para la investigación; en segundo término, el desafío epistemológico de la continuidad y de la ruptura para enfrentar la fragmentación teórica en el campo; y, finalmente, afirma la construcción necesaria de teorías de la comunicación, como práctica indispensable para romper el logocentrismo y el neocolonialismo intelectuales, que son preponderantes en la actual vida académica periférica. El texto se construye a partir de los conocimientos generados en investigaciones teóricas y empíricas, realizadas por el autor en más de tres décadas, que expresan una perspectiva transmetodológica de construcción del conocimiento.
La censura del teatro clásico español
Authors: Urzáiz Tortajada Héctor
Published: May 2019

La censura del teatro clásico español
Develando al censor: censuras teatrales en la primera parte autógrafa de "La santa Juana" (1613), de Tirso de Molina
Authors: Zugasti Miguel , Rich Greer Margaret
Published: May 2019

Examen de las marcas de censura que aparecen en la primera parte de la trilogía de La santa Juana (1613), comedia que se conserva en un manuscrito autógrafo de Tirso de Molina. Destacan nueve pasajes donde esas censuras fueron tachadas con tal energía que hasta la fecha ha sido imposible leer lo que estaba escrito debajo. Con los avances de la técnica fotográfica y el uso de rayos infrarrojos, el artículo ofrece por primera vez una lectura cabal de los pasajes tachados. Se interpreta que Tirso asumió las notas del censor y aceptó sin problemas que se cercenaran algunos versos de su texto, el cual lo estrenó la compañía de Baltasar Pinedo. En una fase posterior (1614), otro autor de comedias, Pedro Llorente, manda recuperar los versos eliminados y hace caso omiso a las notas de censura. Pedro Llorente es un firme candidato a ser el responsable de las enérgicas tachaduras que ocultaron el parecer del censor.
Calderón y la censura
Authors: Vega García-Luengos Germán
Published: May 2019

El trabajo considera los diferentes aspectos que la censura plantea en la obra, y la vida, de Calderón: desde la que ejerció sobre sí mismo, y que debió de guiar algunos de sus frecuentes procesos de reescritura o incluso algunos repudios, hasta las “oficiales” que recibieron sus obras para ser representadas. Los motivos doctrinales y morales están detrás de la mayoría de las localizadas, pero también las hay impuestas por la política, e incluso por quejas de particulares. Asimismo, se ofrece una visión de las aprobaciones de los volúmenes calderonianos, donde la censura deja paso a una exaltación cada vez mayor del dramaturgo, hasta ser propuesto como arma contra los enemigos del teatro. El último apartado completa el panorama con la atención a su desempeño como censor.
La censura del teatro de Rojas Zorrilla
Authors: González Cañal Rafael
Published: May 2019

Analizamos en este artículo las huellas de la censura en las comedias de Rojas Zorrilla. Revisamos los manuscritos que presentan censuras y licencia, y analizamos cada uno de los casos. A la luz de los materiales conservados, podemos concluir que en general la censura no se ensañó con las obras del dramaturgo toledano, ya que sus obras obtuvieron casi siempre las licencias necesarias para la representación. Solo dos de ellas fueron prohibidas por edicto inquisitorial ya avanzado el siglo XVIII.
Entre ética y estética: la censura del teatro de Agustín Moreto
Authors: Lobato María Luisa
Published: May 2019

Las comedias de Agustín Moreto tuvieron una gran fortuna editorial en especial en el siglo XVIII, en que fueron –junto a las de Calderón– las más editadas. Resultado de ello es que se conservan numerosos ejemplares impresos y algunos manuscritos de ese periodo, varios con marcas y notas de censura. Nos centramos aquí en ejemplares conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de España y en la Biblioteca Histórica Municipal de Madrid, donde se guarda una importante colección de comedias sueltas impresas en el siglo XVIII. También se observan ejemplares de los siglos XVII y XIX. Dilucidar si estas notas manuscritas sobre las comedias de Moreto fueron realizadas por calificadores del Santo Oficio, por autores de comedias o miembros de las compañías, incluso por impresores, no es tarea fácil. Se hace aquí una incursión en ejemplares conservados y hasta ahora no analizados desde ese punto de vista.
PADRÃO DE REPRODUÇÃO DO CAPITAL, TERRITÓRIO E INFRAESTRUTURA DE TRANSPORTES: OS CASOS DE SANTARÉM (PA) E ITAITUBA (PA)
Authors: Macedo Fernando Cezar de , Junior Evaldo Gomes
Published: May 2019

Discute as transformações sócio territoriais nos municípios paraenses de Santarém e Itaituba decorrentes do avanço da produção de soja e dos investimentos em infraestrutura portuária para escoamento dessas commodities ao exterior. Toma como referência teórica o conceito de padrão de reprodução do capital e aponta que dentro do padrão de reprodução exportador de especialização produtiva dar-se uma reorganização dos municípios estudados para atender às exigências do capital globalizado, contrapondo-se, mormente, às demandas sociais das populações locais que são diretamente afetadas por este movimento de acumulação ditado desde fora.
WILLIS METHOD MODIFICATION WITH A VIEW TO IMPROVING ROUTINE COPROPARASITOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Coêlho Matheus Diniz Gonçalves , Gonçalves de Faria Aryadne , Tobias Rodrigues Maciel Lucas , Alves da Silva-Coêlho Francine
Published: May 2019

Intestinal parasites still cause high morbidity and mortality, due to poor hygiene and sanitaryconditions, and therefore indiscriminate treatment has been routine practice advocated by thePublic Health staff. Although there is a consensus regarding the need to diagnose such diseases,this is not performed with the necessary care, due to great demand and the lack of a wide rangedand highly sensitive technique. In this sense, most clinical laboratories use routine methods forfecal examination such as the Lutz sedimentation or modified Ritchie methods, which are completeand easy to execute, but do not have adequate sensitivity to detect low density eggs and protozoancysts, especially when there is a predominance of low parasite burdens. In contrast, there aremethods that are based on the flotation of low density developmental forms, namely, the Willismethod (NaCl flotation d=1.120), which is rapid, easy to perform and allows high density eggflotation but with low sensitivity for protozoan cysts; and the Faust method, which is based oncentrifugal flotation of developmental forms in a 33% ZnSO4 (d=1.200) solution, but with thedisadvantage of being lengthy and requiring a centrifuge. In this study, we verified the applicabilityof introducing an alteration in the Willis method, which consisted in the substitution of NaCl byZnSO4 in order to combine the advantages of this method with the Faust method. 208 samples wereassessed by the Willis and Ritchie methods and by the proposed method (modified Willis). Thelatter proved superior to the other two (ρ <0,0001 – X2) regarding the detection of protozoan cysts,but similar to the Ritchie method in regard to other diagnosed parasites, therefore demonstratingthe high potential for the introduction of this modified method in the routine of fecal diagnosis.