bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Створення безбар’єрного середовища та соціальна інклюзія: світовий досвід для України
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Зубченко С. О. , Каплан Ю. Б. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Тищенко Ю. А. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто актуальні національні практики щодо безбар’єрності та соціальної інклюзії в деяких зарубіжних країнах. Наведено стислу характеристику відповідних програмних документів, окреслено їх загальну методологію, взаємозв’язок із європейськими та міжнародними актами. Здійснено огляд деяких заходів у сферах соціальної, економічної, громадянської, фізичної та цифрової безбар’єрності, а також універсального дизайну інфраструктури, котрі можуть бути апробовані в Україні.
Доступність енергії для населення: проблеми та перспективи
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Завгородня С.П.
Published: September 2021

Досліджено проблеми забезпечення доступності енергії для населення, що є однією із найбільш актуальних аспектів досягнення Цілі 7 «Забезпечення доступу до недорогих, надійних, стійких і сучасних джерел енергії для всіх» серед Цілей сталого розвитку України на період до 2030 року. З огляду на євроінтеграційний вектор розвитку нашої держави, проаналізовано сучасні тенденції забезпечення доступності енергії для населення в державах-членах ЄС і Україні. Визначено інституціональні особливості виявлення та боротьби з енергетичною бідністю в державах-членах ЄС, ключові питання імплементації положень законодавства ЄС і впровадження зарубіжного досвіду в Україні щодо забезпечення доступності енергії для населення. Розраховано на експертів, науковців, фахівців у галузях державного управління, економіки, соціального розвитку і національної безпеки, державних службовців, представників громадських організацій та усіх, хто цікавиться проблемами забезпечення доступності енергії для населення та боротьби з енергетичною бідністю.
DESKRIPSI JUMLAH LIMFOSIT ABSOLUT PADA HIPERURISEMIA
Authors: Meri Meri , Liswanti Yane , Nurizkillah Hemarisa
Published: September 2021

Hiperurisemia adalah kondisi meningkatnya kadar asam urat dalam darah. Pada keadaan fisiologis, asam urat memiliki bentuk berupa zat terlalut, namun bila kadarnya berada diatas 6,8 mg/dL atau sudah berada dalam titik jenuh,  akan mengalami pembentukan kristal dan mengendap diberbagai jaringan, termasuk ginjal dan sendi. Hiperurisemia dapat menimbulkan berbagai jenis penyakit seperti hipertensi, gangguan ginjal, arterosklesrosis, kardiovaskular dan lain-lain. Asam urat tersebut dapat membentuk kristal kemudian menimbulkan respon imun innate dan juga adaptive. Respon imun innate diperankan oleh makrofag untuk proses fagositosis sehingga  menghasilkan sitokin proinflamasi  dan dapat merangsang aktivasi limfosit. Keberadaannya dapat ditentukan dengan menghitung jumlah limfosit absolut sebagai indikasi adanya prognosis penyakit akibat hiperurisemia. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mendeskripsikan jumlah limfosit absolut pada hiperurisemia. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan crosssectional study. Jumlah subjek peneltian adalah 30 partisipan yang diambil secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria laki-laki berusia 18-65 tahun, hiperursemia, berpuasa 10-12 jam, tidak obesitas dan tidak infeksi. Hasil menunjukan bahwa sebesar 6,7% (2 orang) memiliki jumlah limfosit absolut yang meningkat, dan sebesar 93,3% (28 orang) memiliki jumlah limfosit absolut normal. Kesimpulan, jumlah limfosit absolut dapat menggambarkan prognosis akibat hiperurisemia, sebagai hasil respon imun adaptive.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POSITIF KADAR TIMBAL DARAH DENGAN HASIL HITUNG RETIKULOSIT PEKERJA CAT OPLOSAN
Authors: Lestari Diah , Djajaningrat Husjain
Published: September 2021

Kadar timbal darah menggambarkan kadar timbal dalam tubuh. Absorbsi timbal darah yang meningkat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah retikulosit. Hematoksik dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap efek timbal darah pada masyarakat seperti pekerja cat oplosan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan dan keeratan hubungan kadar timbal darah dengan hasil hitung retikulosit pekerja cat oplosan di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Metode Penelitian analitik observasional pendekatan desain cross sectional, secara non probabilityconsecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian, pada Pekerja Cat Oplosan di wilayah Jakarta Timur diperoleh kadar timbal darah tertinggi 0,45 mg/L, dengan persentase retikulosit tertinggi 1,62 %. Terdapat Pekerja Cat Oplosan dengan kadar timbal melebihi batas rujukan (>0,40 mg/L) dengan persentase retikulosit diatas normal (>1,5 %) sebanyak 10 %. Pekerja Cat Oplosan dengan kadar timbal dalam batas rujukan dengan persentase retikulosit normal masih besar yaitu 80 %. Kesimpulan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar timbal darah dengan persentase retikulosit pada pekerja cat oplosan di wilayah Jakarta Timur (p-value = 0,000) dan menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dengan arah hubungan positif nilai r = 0,663. Keeratan hubungan dengan arah positip berarti semakin tinggi kadar timbal darah dapat memperpendek umur dan pematangan eritrocit ditandai peningkatan jumlah retikulosit.
PEMANFAATAN KUBIS UNGU (Brassica oleracea L) SEBAGAI INDIKATOR FERMENTASI KARBOHIDRAT PADA MEDIA UJI BIOKIMIA
Authors: Suhartati Rochmanah , Peti V Dewi , Afsgar Fanzi
Published: September 2021

Kubis ungu memiliki kandungan antosianin yang larut dalam etanol 96%. Senyawa antosianin tersebut dapat berubah warna pada pH asam, netral dan basa. Perubahan warna tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai indikator reaksi fermentasi karbohidrat pada media uji biokimia manitol dan laktosa dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak etanol kubis ungu sebagai indikator asam basa alternatif pada media gula-gula cair. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat eksperimental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larutan ekstrak kubis ungu dapat dijadikan indikator asam basa alternatif untuk melihat hasil reaksi fermentasi manitol dan laktosa pada media. Perubahan warna yang terjadi adalah dari tidak berwarna menjadi warna merah muda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kubis ungu dapat digunakan sebagai indikator warna dalam uji fermentasi karbohidrat manitol dan laktosa.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUSU KEDELAI TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID WANITA MENOPAUSE
Authors: Rianti  , Kusmiati Meti
Published: September 2021

Susu kedelai adalah hasil ekstraksi dari kacang kedelai. Protein susu kedelai memiliki susunan asam amino yang mirip dengan susu sapi. Susu kedelai dapat dijadikan sumber nutrisi untuk meningkatkan kualitas gizi, khususnya bagi wanita menopause. Menopause adalah suatu periode ketika seorang wanita tidak lagi mengalami menstruasi karena produksi hormone estrogen berhenti. Setelah menopause terjadi perubahan metabolisme lipid, yang merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi susu kedelai terhadap profil lipid pada wanita menopause. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purvosive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 15 orang wanita menopause. Sampel diambil sebelum dan sesudah responden mengkonsumsi susu kedelai sebanyak 200 ml setiap pagi dan malam hari selama 14 hari. Parameter pemeriksaan yang diukur meliputi kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein), kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) dan Trigliserida. Hasil statistik menggunakan uji T Berpasangan didapatkan nilai signifikansi untuk kolesterol total adalah 0.248, kolesterol HDL 0.000, dan kolesterol LDL 0.022 sedangkan untuk trigliserida diperoleh nilai signifikasinya 0.496, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar kolesterol HDL  dan kolesterol LDL  yang bermakna tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna untuk kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian susu kedelai pada wanita menopause.
MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED NEIGHBORHOODS OF LAHORE: A CASE STUDY OF JOHAR TOWN AND SINGHPURA
Authors: Gulzar Saima , Asim Muhammad , Shirwani Rumana Khan
Published: September 2021

Social capital is an asset and is defined as the social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens necessary for the community development. The fundamental premise is that some neighborhood designs enable or encourage social ties or community connections, whereas others do not. Two case studies were selected, namely Singhpura (traditional settlement) and Johar Town (modern settlement) to measure the social capital in Lahore. Questionnaire was designed to conduct surveys at household level to measure social capital. Surveys were conducted among 154 respondents belonging to both areas. Statistical analysis of the data collected was done using the SPSS software. It was concluded that over the past few years, social capital in the neighborhoods of Lahore and different areas of Pakistan has decreased to a great extent. The design of neighborhoods promotes dependency on the private vehicles. Walkability decreases in planned areas but it is still available in unplanned old developed areas because of mixed land uses. Due to high level of walkability in these areas, social interaction is high as compared to planned areas and high income societies, where people have no value of social interaction and are busy in their personal work. In developed countries due to high social capital people participate in community level development projects, but in the case of Pakistan due to low level of social capital there is no concept of participatory development. It has been recommended here that new developments should follow the traditional urban forms where traditional neighborhood developments should be based on new urbanism principles, which encourage the use of undulating and straight streets that maximize pedestrian connectivity. These new developments should be a mix of compatible land uses and should work to incorporate elements such as architectural details and street furniture, encouraging human interaction on an urban scale. Keywords: Social Capital, Neighborhood, Traditional, Lahore.
Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY
Authors: Walker Alex , MacKenna Brian , Inglesby Peter , Rentsch Christopher , Curtis Helen , Morton Caroline , Morley Jessica , Mehrkar Amir , Bacon Seb , Hickman George , Bates Chris , Croker Richard , Evans David , Ward Tom , Cockburn Jonathan , Davy Simon , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Schultze Anna , Williamson Elizabeth , Hulme William , McDonald Helen , Tomlinson Laurie , Mathur Rohini , Eggo Rosalind , Wing Kevin , Wong Angel , Forbes Harriet , Tazare John , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , OHanlon Shaun , Eavis Alex , Jarvis Richard , Avramov Dima , Griffiths Paul , Fowles Aaron , Parkes Nasreen , Douglas Ian , Evans Stephen , Smeeth Liam , Goldacre Ben
Published: September 2021

This OpenSAFELY report is a routine update of our peer-review paper published in the British Journal of General Practice on the Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY. It is a routine update of the analysis described in the paper. The data requires careful interpretation and there are a number of caveats. Please read the full detail about our methods and discussionis and the full analytical methods on this routine report are available on GitHub. OpenSAFELY is a new secure analytics platform for electronic patient records built on behalf of NHS England to deliver urgent academic and operational research during the pandemic. You can read more about OpenSAFELY on our website.
MERETAS MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI ERA PANDEMI MELALUI VIDEO VIRTUAL LABORATORY
Authors: Sumarno Wahyuni Budi Hastuti
Published: September 2021

Students' lack of enthusiasm in learning science-physics online during a pandemic requires the writer to look for small breakthroughs in the learning process of Dynamic Electricity material. PhET (Physical Education Technology) can be used as an alternative virtual media to guide students to learn science concepts hands-on and mind-on with enthusiasm. This article is a resume of a learning test using a virtual laboratory on dynamic electricity material for MTsN science subjects. The learning test aims to see the motivation of students towards learning and measure their learning outcomes. In this case study, observation, interview, and test techniques were used. The statements concluded that the use of PhET in online learning activities received a very positive response from students, as indicated by their response and enthusiasm. Good response and reasonable confidence impact the evaluation results, which show 86% of students achieve completeness with a KKM value = 75.
Strengthening Indigenous and Rural Women’s Rights to Govern Community Lands: Ten Factors Contributing to Successful Initiatives
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: September 2021

This report identifies factors that have contributed to the success of local, national, and regional initiatives employed in low- and middle-income countries to strengthen indigenous and rural women’s governance rights concerning community lands.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PICTURE AND PICTURE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI SDN 4 LIMBOTO KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Uno Nadia , Iskandar A. Karmila
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik, dan untuk mengetahui kendala dan upaya dalam penerapan model pembelajaran koperatif tipe picture and picture. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, selanjutnya tekhik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan tekhnik analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu : reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu : (1) Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik di SDN 4 Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo sudah dilaksanakan sebagaimana proses pembelajaran pada umumnya. (2) Kendala dan Upaya dalam penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe picture and picture yaitu : membutuhkan waktu yang banyak, membutuhkan banyak gambar dan solusinya dengan menambah waktu belajar peserta didik dan kreativitas dalam membuat media pembelajaran yang dapat menarik perhatian peserta didik.
FDI, Stock Market Development and Institutional Quality: An African Perspective
Authors: Makoni Patricia Lindelwa
Published: September 2021

This paper empirically sought to establish the existence of relationships between foreign direct investment, stock market development and institutional quality, respectively. The study adopted a multiple regression analysis, using a panel of nine African countries between 2009 and 2016. Using the random effects model, we find that the relationship between foreign direct investment and stock market development is positive and statistically significant. On the other hand, institutional quality reflected a negative effect on FDI inflows, implying that countries with low quality institutions would struggle to attract inward FDI. The policy implications are that host countries’ policy makers should eliminate or reduce any practices that deter foreign direct investments, such as capital controls and risk of expropriation (institutions), while simultaneously improving the domestic financial infrastructure and related regulations.
Investigating antimicrobial features and drug interactions of sedoanalgesics in intensive care unit: an experimental study
Authors: Unlu Ozge , Bingul Emre , Kesi̇ci̇ Sevgi , Demirci Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Study Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial effects and interaction between analgesic combinations of fentanyl citrate, dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and tramadol hydrochloride on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans which are some of the most common nosocomial infection related microorganisms. Design: In vitro prospective study. Setting: University Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Measurements: In order to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial effects and interaction between analgesic combinations, tramadol hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate and dexmedetomidin were used against S. aureus ATCC 29213, K. pneumoniae, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 standard strains by microdilution method. Main Results: According to microdilution assays tramadol has shown the most efficient antimicrobial activity also it has been observed that 10 mg/ml concentrated dexmedetomidine has antimicrobial effects on S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Fentanyl has displayed evident inhibitory potency on the pathogens except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, nevertheless our predefined minimum concentration inhibited growth by 9.5 %. Fentanyl and dexmedetomidine together exhibited more antimicrobial effect on P. aeruginosa and E. coli growth. Additionally, when the three drugs examined together, microbial inhibition occurred more than expected on E. coli again and also on C. albicans growth. Conclusions: Our results revealed the antimicrobial properties and synergy with the different combinations of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and tramadol against the most common nosocomial infection agents in the ICU. This is the first study in the literature looking into the microbial “interactions” of opioids and sedative drugs but more research is needed in order to define clinico-laboratory correlation.

©2021 by the authors. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Improving Healthcare Access through Digital Health: The Use of Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Al-Shorbaji Najeeb
Published: September 2021

Healthcare has been going through major digital transformations due to the extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the sector. Many patients lack access to healthcare services due to lack of knowledge of the exitance of the service, physical or mental disability, distance, siege, lockdown and other possible reasons. Access to healthcare services has been impacted by a number of innovations including electronic health record, artificial intelligence, sensors, wearable devices, Internet of (medical) things, Blockchain, big data and other applications. COVID-19 has created new realities in accessing healthcare services through telehealth and telemedicine services as many countries have imposed lockdown and physical distancing. Digital health has been used to empower people, in general and patients in particular, to enable them to access healthcare services at the point of care or remotely. Healthcare professionals have been using digital health to enhance their knowledge, skills and more important to enable them to reach to patients to provide guidance and assistance. Using digital health solutions has a number of challenges which can be legal, ethical, infrastructural, human and material resources, training, education, attitude, cultural, organizational and behavioral. A number of national, regional and international agencies have adopted resolutions and developed strategies to support digital health implementation in countries. This chapter provides few examples to demonstrate how access to healthcare services is being enabled and facilitated by information and communication technology (ICT) through proper national planning of digital health.
Assessment of Neopterin Serum Level for Monitoring Therapy of Patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Salmanzadeh Shokrollah , Mombeini Razieh , Alavi Seyed Mohammad , Abdullatif Khafaie Morteza
Published: September 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide. To date, the standard diagnostic method for TB is still the direct observation of Mycobacterium TB in a sputum smear or culture. Objectives: There is an urgent need for a method to detect the disease in a shorter time with acceptable sensitivity and specificity and help monitor the treatment. Methods: A panel of 34 adults newly diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary TB was followed during their treatment period of five months. Neopterin (NPT) serum levels were measured three times (before treatment and two and five months after treatment) using the Brahms ELItest Neopterin kit, and the results were analyzed using descriptive and graphical methods. Results: The mean NPT for the first time before treatment was 27.47 ± 20.7 nmol/L. NPT was measured two months after the anti-TB treatment, and the associated mean was 16.97 ± 14.14 nmol/L. At the end of the fifth month, the mean NPT concentration reached 11.3 ± 10.5 nmol/L. The mean serum NPT before treatment had a statistically significant difference with the mean NPT at the end of the second and fifth months of the treatment (P = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the national protocol for treating TB, a sputum smear is still necessary for patients’ follow-up. It seems that the serum NPT level should be measured to monitor response to treatment in patients that, for any reason are not able to give sputum in TB treatment follow-up.
Dialectical Facts
Authors: Edelman Christopher ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This article attempts to contribute to the literature on what has become known as “student relativism” by suggesting that in many cases it is a symptom of a broader and equally problematic pre-reflective epistemological framework that students often bring with them to the study of philosophy. It goes on to describe the notion of a “dialectical fact,” and to propose that this concept can be a useful pedagogical tool for helping students to progress beyond that framework.
Who Is Who?
Authors: Balg Dominik ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I argue that there are significant instances of educational injustice in the context of philosophy teaching that can be effectively reduced by an increased implementation of digital technologies. More specifically, I show that there are good reasons to believe that testimonial injustices constitute serious instances of educational injustice that will frequently occur in philosophy classes. Using digital tools to anonymize student contributions opens up a promising way of dealing with these injustices. If convincing, my arguments give reason to perceive epistemic injustices in educational settings as a serious threat to educational justice and to reconsider the implications of increased digitalization for issues of educational justice.
Foundational Tools for Building a New Bioeconomy
Authors: Levine Daniel S.
Published: September 2021

While biotechnology has been transforming the diagnosis and treatment of disease, it has also been altering everything from the production of crops to how we manufacture goods. Berkeley Lights, which sits at the nexus of biotechnology, microfluidics, and information technology, is playing a critical role in enabling the way living cells can be harnessed as microscopic factories to power the emerging bioeconomy.
Thoracic Cancer: 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights for the Advanced Practitioner
Authors: S. Waxman, RN, MSN, AOCN, ANP-BC Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Elizabeth S. Waxman, RN, MSN, AOCN®, ANP-BC, of MD Anderson Cancer Center, reviews important research in thoracic cancers presented at the 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting, including atezolizumab in early-stage lung cancer, the addition of doublet chemotherapy to doublet immunotherapy in advanced-stage NSCLC, the first-in-class KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib, and the combination of amivantamab and lazertinib. Coverage provided by The ASCO Post.
Efficiency Evaluation of European Countries in terms of COVID-19
Authors: BAYRAM Gökçen , YURTSEVER Özlem
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 Pandemic has effected millions of people all over the world. Therefore the behaviour of countries are important to minimise the losses. In this paper the performance of 27 European countries on spread and deaths caused by COVID-19 pandemics is evaluated and compared by using input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The DEA model is performed in two stages. In the first stage, the contagion control efficiency is analysed whereas in the second stage the medical treatment efficiency is evaluated. Moreover, the countries are classified into the four zone by using the area chart. For the countries in each zones, some recommendations are given.
Müşteri İlişkileri Yönetimi Uygulamasında Gösterge Paneli Kullanımı ile Kestirimci Bakım Yaklaşımı
Authors: GÜRSEV Samet
Published: September 2021

Yazılım süreçlerinde log mesajlarının doğru anlaşılması sistem ve network devamlılığı için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Log mesajlarının doğru analiz edilebilmesi için log indeks ve pattern yapılarının doğru kurgulanması gerekmektedir. Günümüzde pek çok bankacılık işlemi ve resmi işlemler online platformlar üzerinden yazılımlar ile sağlanmaktadır. Bu uygulamalardaki kesintiler büyük maddi zararlara ve müşteri kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Kurumların prestijlerinin korunması ve müşteri memnuniyeti sağlanması için kestirimci bakım uygulamaları önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan çok sayıda müşterinin tahsilat ve iş süreçlerini takip ettiği uygulamaların anlık log bilgilerinin grafikler ve dashboardlar yardımı ile takip edilmesi ve tekrar eden hataların önceden incelenip olası bir kesintinin engellenmesi konusunda yapılan araştırma ve çalışmaları incelemektedir.
Pool-based Evolutionary Algorithm for the Bin Packing Problem
Authors: BOZ Betül , YILDIZ Tuğba
Published: September 2021

Bin packing problem is one of the most important optimization problems from the literature. In this work, we propose a novel pool-based evolutionary algorithm for solving the one-dimensional bin packing problem. The algorithm exploits a pool-based crossover operator that aims to increase the search space of the problem and combine and remap as a local search technique that aims to improve the quality of the solution by considering underutilized bins in the offspring. The proposed method is applied to medium and hard instances taken from benchmark problem sets and is compared with six algorithms from the literature. Our experimental evolution indicates that the proposed algorithm outperforms these algorithms in most of the test cases provided.
Mühendislik Öğrencilerinin Teknik Çizim Sürelerinin Farklılaşmasına Sebep Olan Faktörler Üzerine Keşifsel Bir Araştırma
Authors: KARAGÖZ İdris
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırma, mühendis adaylarının aldıkları mesleki dersler ve kullanabildikleri 3D CAD programlarıyla teknik çizim tamamlama süreleri ve CAD kütüphanesi kullanımının çeşitli değişkenlere göre nasıl değiştiğini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma mühendislik fakültesi, polimer malzeme mühendisliği ana bilim dalında öğrenim gören ve kolayda örnekleme yolu ile seçilen toplam 60 mühendis adayı üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma keşifsel bir araştırma tasarımına sahiptir. Öğrencilerin teknik çizim sürelerinin aldıkları mesleki dersler, CAD kütüphanesi kullanımı, kullanabildikleri 3D CAD programları, cinsiyete göre incelenmiştir. Öğrenciler tarafından, üç farklı zorluk seviyesindeki parçalar SolidWorks yazılımında modellenmiş ve çizim süreleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. Sonrasında çizilen parçaların, çok sayıda önceden çizilmiş parçanın karışık şekilde yer aldığı online CAD kütüphanesi ve offline CAD kütüphanesi üzerinden indirilmesi istenmiştir. Öğrencilerin almış oldukları mesleki dersler, öğrenci cinsiyeti ve kullandığı tasarım programları, öğrencilerin çizim tamamlama sürelerine bağlı olarak karşılaştırılmış ve T-Testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile belirlenmiştir. Çizim tamamlama süresinin alınan ders sayısı ve bilinen tasarım programları ile ilişkili olduğu, mühendislik becerileri gelişmiş öğrencilerin çizim tamamlama sürelerinin de benzer şekilde geliştiği tespit edilmiştir. Farklı geometrilere sahip parçaların algılanması ve tasarımda bir sonraki adımın planlanması üzerinde mesleki derslerin etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Cinsiyet açısından veriler incelendiğinde, kız ve erkek öğrencilerin çizim tamamlama süreleri arasında belirgin bir fark olmadığı, mühendislik bilgisi aynı ya da benzer olan öğrenciler arasında çizim tamamlama sürelerinin de benzer olduğu bulunmuştur.
Bitki Doku Kültürlerinde Sekonder Metabolit Miktarını Arttırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar
Authors: ERAY VURAN Neşe , TÜRKER Musa
Published: September 2021

Doku kültürü teknikleri, 1900’lü yılların başında uygulanmaya başlanmış ve bu oldukça ümit verici bulunmuştur. Bitkiden alınan tek bir parçadan yeni bitkilerin çok kısa sürede, arzu edilen sayıda, dış şartlara bağımlı olmaksızın üretilebileceği fikri bilim adamlarını heyecanlandırmıştır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda her bitki türü için sistemin optimizasyona gerek duyması, bazı genotiplerin doku kültüründe iyi cevap verirken bazılarının gelişimlerinin oldukça kısır kalması, yüksek yapılı bitkilerde ise başarının sağlanamaması bilim adamlarını doku kültürünü farklı amaçlarla kullanma yoluna sevk etmiştir. Bu yollardan biri ve belki de en önemlisi değerli fitokimyasalların doku kültüründe üretimidir. Doku kültüründe gelişen bitkiler çevresel şartlarla sınırlandırılmaz ve uygun bir kültür ortamı sağlanmasıyla istenilen bileşiklerin biyosentezi yapılabilir ve bu bileşiklerin miktarı arttırılabilir. Sekonder ürünlerin doku kültürü ortamında üretilmesiyle arz talep dengesine dayanan, çevresel etkilerden bağımsız üretim sağlanabilir. Sabit kararlılıkta, belli bir standardı olan maddeler üretilebilir. Doğa tahribatı en aza indirilip, daha az arazi kullanımının gerçekleşmesi sağlanabilir. Yeni sekonder ürünlerin eldesi mümkün olabilir. Nesli tükenme tehlikesi altındaki türler korunabilir. Bileşenlerin biyosentez yollarının aydınlatılmasında, değiştirilmesinde, sekonder metabolitlerin üretimi ve çeşitli etkenlerle miktar arttırılmasında, iyi ürün veren türlerin seleksiyonunda bitki doku kültürleri umut vaat etmektedir.
Determination of Antifungal Activity Against Invasive Candidiasis Agents and Trace Element Content of Fig Tree Latex Samples Obtained From Trabzon Province
Authors: ÜNLÜ Özge , ATEŞ ALKAN Fatma , PASTACI ÖZSOBACI Nural , ÖZYÜKSEL Sedanur , DEMİRCİ Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Candidiasis is a major health concern causing both morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant fungi associated with life-threatening systemic mycoses, led a constant need for new antifungal agents. Herbal medicines have been tried for this purpose for centuries. The antifungal effect of fig tree latex has been reported and some trace elements such as zinc were associated with antifungal effects. The aim of this study was to determine the trace element content and in-vitro antifungal activity of fig tree latex sample against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. Krusei. Fig tree latex samples were obtained from four different fig tree at Trabzon province in July 2019. The broth microdilution technique was performed to investigate antifungal activity against standard Candida strains and trace elements level were detected with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyzer. The most powerful antifungal activity was reached at a concentration of 0.5 for C. albicans and C. tropicalis, and at a concentration of 0.125 for C. krusei and C. glabrata in fig tree latex. According to trace element analysis, magnesium had the highest level, followed by calcium and phosphorus. Selenium, aluminium, lead and nickel levels were too low to be measured. As a conclusion, fig tree latex has an antifungal potential against Candida species and this may be caused by the high level of magnesium that it contains, however more studies are needed to understand the therapeutic effects of fig tree latex.
Frame approach towards studying cultural phenomena
Authors: Semukhina Elena Aleksandrovna , Shindel Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

  The object of this research is the religious sphere, apprehended as a fragment of the cultural worldview. The unit, which allows conducting the analysis and studying the structure of cultural worldview alongside other, is the frame of cultural phenomenon. Cultural invariants are referred to as basic frames. The subject of this research is one of the major cultural phenomena, the basic frame of the Christian culture – “sin”. The author focuses on the structure of cultural phenomenon, analyzing its levels, vertex nodes (slots) and optional nodes (terminal slots). The key research method is the frame analysis. The commonly used in sociological, linguistic, and cognitive research frame analysis is a universal tool, effective and adequate to the goals and tasks of culturology. The novelty of this study is define by the lack of works on the frame analysis of cultural phenomena in the context of its relevance for the scientific community. This article is a contribution to the discussion that has unfolded in recent years on the capabilities of frame analysis in culturology. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the frame correlated with the concept of sin has a multi-level structure. The main attributes of the frame are the slots or vertex nodes – quality inherent to human, grounds for punishment, enemy, evil, evil spirit, illness, mistake, and misfortune. The terminal (optional) slots include the atoning sacrifice and forgiveness.  
Promising trends in the government legal policy in the sphere of information security of minors on the Internet
Authors: Sitkova Olga , Shvarts Larisa
Published: September 2021

This research is dedicated to determination of legal mechanisms for protection of the rights of minors and ensuring their security on the Internet. Analysis is conducted on the frameworks documents and recommendations of international organizations aimed at ensuring security of minors on the Internet, as well as the domestic framework documents and normative acts on the subject matter. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the new trends in the process of providing safe information content to minors on the international level, as well as the need for implementation of the proposed recommendations and use of the developed mechanisms in the Russian Federation. The author outlines the new trends in legal policy associated with ensuring security of minors in the online space. They are justified by the supranational nature of the Internet and impossibility to solve the problem of security autonomously within the single country. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the key issues of current domestic legal framework, as well as in actualization of modern mechanisms for ensuring information security of minors on the Internet considering the global experience. The conclusion is made on the need to develop and adopt the new strategy of Information security of minors, which would reflect the entirety of principles essential for ensuring security of minors in the online space. The authors propose to perpetuate the legal instruments and measures that have proven effective and produce positive results in compliance with requirements of information security of minors. At the same time, the basic principles established in the current policy documents of should be extended by the main promising trends outlined in the article.
Analysis of influence of long back focal length on athermal design based on infrared multispectral camera
Authors: Xu Huan-Yao , Xu Liang , Shen Xian-Chun , Xu Han-Yang , Sun Yong-Feng , Liu Wen-Qing , Liu Jian-Guo ,   Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: September 2021

Under different ambient temperatures, the thermal aberration certainly affects the imaging quality of infrared multi-spectral camera. Therefore, an athermalized model of infrared multi-spectral cameras is established, and in this model the ambient infrared multispectral camera is equivalent to a separated dual-lens optical system. In the case of the fixed focal length, the influence of the back focal length on the change of the focal power of the front lens and back lens is analyzed. Now, the variation range of the front and rear lens interval is assumed to be restricted. When the back focal length is smaller than the focal length, the ratio of the absolute value of the focal power of the front lens to the absolute value of the focal power of the back lens decreases with the back focal length increasing. The material of the front lens and the back lens have a longer interval on the thermogram. When the back focal length is greater than the focal length, the scenario becomes exactly opposite. Combined with the judgment method of the positive value and negative value of the focal power on the thermogram, the selection range of materials is constrained by the positive value, negative value, and absolute value of focal power, thus realizing the rapid selection of the optical materials. This method is used to design an athermalized infrared multispectral camera with a waveband of 8–14 μm, a focal length of 50 mm, and an F number of 1.4 in a range from –40 ℃ to +60 ℃. Through the simulation analysis, the value of the athermalized infrared multispectral camera, at the Nyquist frequency of 30 lp/mm reaches 0.39, which is close to the diffraction limit; the root mean square radius of the diffuse spot is smaller than the Airy spot radius of 19.17 μm; the axial aberration is less than 0.02 mm, and the design results show that this method can make the long back-focus infrared optical system maintain stable imaging quality in a large temperature range. The SF6 gas is detected experimentally, and the experimental results demonstrate the excellent optical performance of the system.
Hydro-Magneto-PIC hybrid model for description of debris motion in high altitude nuclear explosions
Authors: Peng Guo-Liang , Zhang Jun-Jie ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China,   Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: September 2021

A Hydro-Magneto-PIC (particle-in-cell) hybrid model is proposed to describe the motion of the fission debris in high altitude nuclear explosions (HANEs). Compared with the state-of-art numerical models, our model is able to stably compute the motion of the fission debris in a broader spatial region. In a real HANE, the physical process contains many spatial scales. The upward moving debris particles manifest kinetic properties due to the fact that the dilute ambient atmosphere and the downward expanding particles manifest a fluid-like pattern and can be approximated by the usual hydro-dynamical models. Meanwhile, the debris particles receive electromagnetic forces from both the geomagnetic fields and the charged particles at all frequencies. This broad scale of frequencies can induce large- and small-scale instabilities, which cannot be solved by the usual hydrodynamic equations. Considering the motions of the debris and the different properties of the high temperature ions, the low temperature ions and the neutral atmosphere, we consistently combine three models for completely describing the debris expansion. The high temperature ions are described by the PIC model for their intrinsic kinetic behaviors, the low temperature ions are described by the magneto-hydrodynamic model for their fluid property, and fluid equations are applied to the neutral particles with no electromagnetic force. The corresponding interactions among the three components are added into the equations as the source terms. With the combination of the three models, our algorithm can stably calculate the regions that are a few thousand kilometers in altitude. Our proposed model contains both the kinetic and fluid properties, and is stable in numerical implementations. Finally, we calculate the debris motion in the Starfish experiment. The results confirm a consistency of our proposed model with the observations. The spatial scale of our simulation results is consistent with the result in the Starfish experiment. In addition, we also plot the distribution of the debris with different projection angles at various snapshots. These results give us an intuition to understand the influence of the various factors, such as the friction of atmosphere, the magnetic pressure, flute instability and the Hall currents. Our model provides a tool for implementing the HANE simulation in a broader scheme, and can also be utilized in other plasma systems.
Large eddy simulation of Taylor-Couette turbulent flow under transverse magnetic field
Authors: Dong Shuai , Ji Xiang-Yong , Li Chun-Xi ,   School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Published: September 2021

By the large eddy simulation method, the turbulent Taylor-Couette flow of conducting fluid under a homogenous transverse magnetic field is investigated through using the computational fluid dynamic software ANSYS Fluent 17.0. The flow is confined between two infinitely long cylinders, thus a periodic boundary condition is imposed in the axial direction. The inner cylinder rotates while the outer one is at rest, and their radius ratio is 1/2. Two Reynolds numbers of 3000 and 5000 are considered in the simulations, and the Hartmann number is varied from 0 to 50. In the present study, we assume a lower magnetic Reynolds number \begin{document}$Re_{\rm m} \ll 1$\end{document}, i.e., the influence of the induced magnetic field on the flow is negligible in comparison with the imposed magnetic field. The evolution of Taylor vortices, velocity profile of mean flow, and turbulent kinetic energy distribution under the transverse magnetic field are analyzed and compared with the results of the axial magnetic field counterpart. It shows that the imposed magnetic field has a significant damping effect on the Taylor-Couette flow. The twisted Taylor vortices break into small-scale vortex structures under the transverse magnetic field and they arrange themselves along the magnetic field. The fluctuations which are perpendicular to the magnetic field are suppressed effectively, while the one which is parallel to the magnetic field is nearly uninfluenced, resulting in quasi-two-dimensional elongated structure in the flow field. As anticipated, in a sufficiently strong magnetic field, the turbulent Taylor-Couette flow may eventually decay to a Couette laminar flow. In the outer cylinder and the area perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, the suppression effect is even stronger than those in any other places and fewer vortices are observed in the simulations. The turbulent kinetic energy is transferred firstly from large eddies to intermediate eddies, then to small eddies, and finally dissipated due to the viscous and Joule effect. As the Reynolds number increases, the suppression effect of the magnetic field weakens, and the flow behaves divergently in different areas of the apparatus. Compared with the axial magnetic field, the transverse magnetic field has a weak suppression effect on the flow field, and the profiles of related variables are obviously anisotropic.
Low-dimensional trajectory subspace of high-dimensional many-body wavefunctions by unsupervised learning
Authors: Huang Zhi-Wei , Yang Hong-Yu , Zhai Feng , Lu Xiao-Li , Lu Jun-Qiang , Wu Jian ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China,   Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: September 2021

Frame et al. (Frame D, He R Z, Ipsen I, Lee D, Lee D, Rrapaj E 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 032501) proposed to use eigenvector continuation to solve high-dimensional many-body wavefunctions of relevant quantum models. When a model’s Hamiltonian matrix includes smoothly varying parameters, the corresponding eigenvector trajectory spans only a low-dimensional subspace. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the calculations by projecting the Hamiltonian onto a set of basis vectors of this subspace. However, the dimension of the trajectory subspace and its relationship with the size of the model are still unclear. In this paper, we study the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain models of different sizes systematically; their exchange interactions change with parameters smoothly. We first use principal component analysis to determine the subspaces of ground state many-body wavefunction vector trajectories of a 4-spin model and a 6-spin model, and plot the trajectories in the subspaces, respectively; we then analyze the principal components of ground state vector trajectories of models including \begin{document}$8,\cdots ,14$\end{document} spins, and reveal that when using eigenvector continuation to solve the ground state of an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain model, the number of basis vectors required increases with the number of spins in the model increasing. Our study can guide the application of eigenvector continuation in solving the Hamiltonian of a Heisenberg chain model containing more spins.
Evolution of cytokine production capacity in ancient and modern European populations
Authors: Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Kuijpers Yunus , Bakker Olivier B , Jaeger Martin , Xu Cheng-Jian , Van der Meer Jos WM , Jakobsson Mattias , Bertranpetit Jaume , Joosten Leo AB , Li Yang , Netea Mihai G
Published: September 2021

As our ancestors migrated throughout different continents, natural selection increased the presence of alleles advantageous in the new environments. Heritable variations that alter the susceptibility to diseases vary with the historical period, the virulence of the infections, and their geographical spread. In this study we built polygenic scores for heritable traits that influence the genetic adaptation in the production of cytokines and immune-mediated disorders, including infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, and applied them to the genomes of several ancient European populations. We observed that the advent of the Neolithic was a turning point for immune-mediated traits in Europeans, favoring those alleles linked with the development of tolerance against intracellular pathogens and promoting inflammatory responses against extracellular microbes. These evolutionary patterns are also associated with an increased presence of traits related to inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
β-hydroxybutyrate accumulates in the rat heart during low-flow ischaemia with implications for functional recovery
Authors: Lindsay Ross T , Dieckmann Sophie , Krzyzanska Dominika , Manetta-Jones Dominic , West James A , Castro Cecilia , Griffin Julian L , Murray Andrew J
Published: September 2021

Extrahepatic tissues which oxidise ketone bodies also have the capacity to accumulate them under particular conditions. We hypothesised that acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) accumulation and altered redox status during low-flow ischaemia would support ketone body production in the heart. Combining a Langendorff heart model of low-flow ischaemia/reperfusion with liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we show that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) accumulated in the ischaemic heart to 23.9 nmol/gww and was secreted into the coronary effluent. Sodium oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, increased ischaemic β-OHB levels 5.3-fold and slowed contractile recovery. Inhibition of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) with hymeglusin lowered ischaemic β-OHB accumulation by 40%, despite increased flux through succinyl-CoA-3-oxaloacid CoA transferase (SCOT), resulting in greater contractile recovery. Hymeglusin also protected cardiac mitochondrial respiratory capacity during ischaemia/reperfusion. In conclusion, net ketone generation occurs in the heart under conditions of low-flow ischaemia. The process is driven by flux through both HMGCS2 and SCOT, and impacts on cardiac functional recovery from ischaemia/reperfusion.