bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Industry 4.0 Strategy Adapted to Manufacturing SMEs: Simulation and Case Study
Authors: Roy Marc-Antoine , Abdul-Nour Georges , Gamache Sébastien
Published: October 2023

Quebec’s small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing field are facing a major challenge: implementing a successful digital transformation in an increasingly competitive world, with a labor shortage and customer demand for highly customized products. Technology is a leading solution for improving competitiveness. However, the tools and subsidies available offer little in terms of results for these companies, which have neither the prerequisites nor the resources to successfully carry out their digital transformation. This research aims to develop an adapted Industry 4.0 strategy for manufacturing SMEs reorienting themselves toward mass customization. It seeks to demonstrate that agility and modular design are prerequisites, and it advocates for individual assessments as success factors. The research presents the development of such a strategy for manufacturing SMEs. A case study in the form of action research, combined with a simulation-based experimental design based on a sample of one Quebec manufacturing SME, serves to validate the implementation of the adapted strategy. This research emphasizes the importance of lean, agility and modular design concepts and of individual assessment for successful Industry 4.0 implementation in SMEs. Future research could systematize modularity management in the Industry 4.0 era to boost SME competitiveness.
Managing Environmental Policy Stringency to Ensure Sustainable Development in OECD Countries
Authors: Mihai Daniela Melania , Doran Marius Dalian , Puiu Silvia , Doran Nicoleta Mihaela , Jianu Elena , Cojocaru Teodor Marian
Published: October 2023

In response to climate change that threatens both economic and social sustainable development, governments adopt strict environmental policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage the use of energy from renewable sources. The main purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent the strictness of environmental policy can influence the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of renewable energy in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method and Granger causality test were employed in order to investigate the long-run relationship between the main components of the environmental policy stringency index and the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy consumption. The results indicate significant influences of the Market-based instruments sub-index and the Technology Support policies sub-index on greenhouse gas emissions reduction, while the Non-Market Based instruments index, which includes policies that impose emission limits and standards, does not exert any significant influence in this regard. Regarding the impact on renewable energy consumption, the results of this study indicate significant positive influences from the perspective of the three sub-indices used in the analysis. These results should send a signal to decision-makers on the effectiveness of policies that impose emission limits and standards, in the sense that their improvement will generate significant influences in mitigating climate change risks.
A Novel Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning and Cooling Approach through Air Conditioner Condensate Water
Authors: Shah Ali Hasan , Alraeesi Abdulrahman , Hassan Ahmed , Laghari Mohammad Shakeel
Published: October 2023

The elevated temperature and dust accumulation over the photovoltaic (PV) surface are the main causes of power loss in hot and desert climates. Traditionally, PV cleaning and cooling are addressed separately, and accordingly, solutions have been developed that require extensive energy and/or manpower to cool and clean the PV panels. However, these solutions are less effective due to a lack of synergy in the devised solution, affecting both energy use and the economics of the system. A highly synergic method to cool and clean PV panels in a singular embodiment is developed, involving flowing air conditioning condensate water over the PV front surface. The current article assesses the performance of the proposed system to cool and clean the panels efficiently. The experimental results showed an up to 14% increase in the power output of the PV panels through the proposed condensate water-based cooling and cleaning method.
Gas–Water Two-Phase Displacement Mechanism in Coal Fractal Structures Based on a Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiment
Authors: Liu Zhen , Gu Qingbo , Yang He , Liu Jiangwei , Luan Guoliang , Hu Peng , Yu Zehan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the gas–water two-phase seepage process under a real mechanical environment is restored by a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, and the gas–water two-phase distribution state and displacement efficiency in coal with different porosity under different gas injection pressures are accurately characterized. The fractal dimension of liquid phase distribution under different gas injection pressures was obtained through experiments, and the gas–water two-phase migration law is inverted according to it. Finally, the gas–water two-phase migration mechanism inside the fractal structure of coal was obtained. The results are as follows: 1. Gas will first pass through the dominant pathway (the composition of the dominant pathway is affected by porosity) and it will continue to penetrate other pathways only when the gas injection pressure is high. When the gas injection pressure is low, the displacement occurs mainly in the percolation pores. With the increase in gas injection pressure, the focus of displacement gradually shifts to the adsorption pore. 2. As the gas injection pressure increases, the displacement efficiency growth rate is relatively uniform for the high-porosity coal samples, while the low-porosity coal samples show a trend of first fast and then slow growth rates. When the gas injection pressure reaches 7 MPa, the displacement efficiency of high-porosity coal samples exceeds that of low-porosity coal samples. 3. With the increase in gas injection pressure, the fractal dimension of the adsorption pore section and the seepage pore section shows an increasing trend, but the fractal dimension of the adsorption pore section changes faster, indicating that with the increase in gas injection pressure, gas–water two-phase displacement mainly occurs in the adsorption pore section.
Potential of Traditional Adaptation Measures in Mitigating the Impact of Climate Change
Authors: AL-Falahi Ali H. , Barry Souleymane , Gebrechorkos Solomon H. , Spank Uwe , Bernhofer Christian
Published: October 2023

With the rapid changes in climate, minimizing their impact has become vital in all countries, especially in the countries most vulnerable to climate change effects. Yemen is one of the countries facing several challenges that exacerbate the impact of climate change on multiple sectors, including water resources and agriculture. This paper documents and addresses the role of traditional techniques practiced by smallholder farmers in rural villages of the Yemeni highlands for adapting to climate change. The measures are innovative and independent of state support and can be practiced in the future to mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture and water resources. The findings of future projections on the region reveal an increase in precipitation and temperature, leading to more frequent floods and higher evaporation rates. Therefore, maintenance of agricultural terraces, construction of rainwater harvesting structures, promotion of crop diversity and rotations, integration of agroforestry practices, improving irrigation efficiency, and soil conservation will be essential in the future. Additionally, education and awareness programs on climate change adaptation issues at the community level are also needed. These measures also have a significant role in improving food security and alleviating poverty in rural areas of Yemen.
Economic Viability of Developing Passive Recreational Opportunities in Puerto Rico: Insights for Sustainable Forest Management
Authors: Tavárez Héctor , Barriga Alicia
Published: October 2023

Forests offer a diverse range of ecosystem services for humans. For example, forests provide the space for passive recreational activities such as camping, hiking and bird watching. These activities are appealing to residents of all ages and in particular to those who cannot engage in more active recreational activities involving substantial expenditure of physical energy. The literature that examines the economic viability of developing passive recreational activities in forest ecosystems in developing countries is limited. Thus, using the Rio Hondo Community Forest in Puerto Rico as a case study, this study seeks to (1) estimate the benefits and costs of passive recreational opportunities, some of the nonmarket goods and services this forest offers, and (2) conduct a cost–benefit analysis to determine the economic viability of developing passive recreational activities. The results from this paper show that, in general, the residents prefer passive recreational activities demanding less effort. The development of such activities is economically viable. This study seeks to encourage inclusive forest management, ensuring that all groups of residents benefit from the forest, while simultaneously emphasizing sustainable practices.
Are Australian Consumers Ready to Wear Recycled Clothing to Practice Sustainable Consumption?
Authors: Bahl Rajesh , Panwar Tarun , Padhye Rajiv , Nayak Rajkishore
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the extant literature to explore if Australian consumers are ready to reuse clothing as a pathway to sustainability. In this study, sustainability aspects such as collaborative consumption, apparel disposal methods, acquisition of used clothing, consumer concerns and attitudes towards reuse, and sellers’ readiness to offer sustainable solutions to clothing consumption have been explored in the context of the Australian market. The most important research contribution of this paper is the answer to whether Australia is ready to adopt the reuse of clothing through remaking and repurposing as a sustainable approach for the consumption of clothing at its end-of-life (EOL). Facilitators and challenges for the secondhand clothing sector have also been discussed. The findings highlight challenges including consumer awareness, an unwillingness to use secondhand clothing, limited recycling facilities, the availability of brand-new cheaper clothing, and the limited range of secondhand clothing. The facilitators include government policies towards recycling, fashion brands’ initiatives, and high-quality rejected clothing with the potential for reuse. It has been established that creating consumer awareness of secondhand clothing is essential to penetrate the market. Furthermore, there are ample opportunities to research consumers and the clothing reuse and recycling sector in Australia.
Using Generic Direct M-SVM Model Improved by Kohonen Map and Dempster–Shafer Theory to Enhance Power Transformers Diagnostic
Authors: Hendel Mounia , Meghnefi Fethi , Senoussaoui Mohamed El Amine , Fofana Issouf , Brahami Mostefa
Published: October 2023

Many power transformers throughout the world are nearing or have gone beyond their theoretical design life. Since these important assets represent approximately 60% of the cost of the substation, monitoring their condition is necessary. Condition monitoring helps in the decision to perform timely maintenance, to replace equipment or extend its life after evaluating if it is degraded. The challenge is to prolong its residual life as much as possible. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is a well-established strategy to warn of fault onset and to monitor the transformer’s status. This paper proposes a new intelligent system based on DGA; the aim being, on the one hand, to overcome the conventional method weaknesses; and, on the other hand, to improve the transformer diagnosis efficiency by using a four-step powerful artificial intelligence method. (1) Six descriptor sets were built and then improved by the proposed feature reduction approach. Indeed, these six sets are combined and presented to a Kohonen map (KSOM), to cluster the similar descriptors. An averaging process was then applied to the grouped data, to reduce feature dimensionality and to preserve the complete information. (2) For the first time, four direct Multiclass Support Vector Machines (M-SVM) were introduced on the Generic Model basis; each one received the KSOM outputs. (3) Dempster–Shafer fusion was applied to the nine membership probabilities returned by the four M-SVM, to improve the accuracy and to support decision making. (4) An output post-processing approach was suggested to overcome the contradictory evidence problem. The achieved AUROC and sensitivity average percentages of 98.78–95.19% (p-value < 0.001), respectively, highlight the remarkable proposed system performance, bringing a new insight to DGA analysis.
Catalyzing Cooling Tower Efficiency: A Novel Energy Performance Indicator and Functional Unit including Climate and Cooling Demand Normalization
Authors: Wenzel Paula M. , Fensterle Eva , Radgen Peter
Published: October 2023

Energy and climate targets necessitate efficiency indicators to reflect resource-saving potentials. Prevailing indicators for cooling towers, however, often omit the effect of outside conditions. Hence, this study introduces an innovative indicator grounded in the energy efficiency ratio. Our proposed metric is the cost–benefit ratio between electricity demand and the thermodynamic minimum airflow. Thus, we call the novel indicator the airflow performance indicator. To validate its feasibility, we apply the indicator first to an extensive dataset encompassing 6575 cooling tower models and second to a year-long case study involving a data center’s wet cooling system. As a result, the energy performance indicator demonstrates that dry cooling requires eight times more minimum airflow at the median than evaporative cooling would, directly correlating to the fan power. Furthermore, efficiency benchmarks derived from the dataset of 6575 cooling tower models provide a comparative assessment of the case study. Defining the quantified benefit as minimum airflow additionally underscores the limitations of free cooling as the wet cooling system only partly covers the cooling demand, requiring chillers additionally. In conclusion, the indicator empowers the identification of energy-saving potentials in the selection, design, and operation of cooling towers. Moreover, the functional unit definition provides a foundation for future life cycle assessments of cooling towers, enhancing cooling tower efficiency and sustainability.
On Height-Zero Characters in p-Constrained Groups
Authors: Algreagri Manal H. , Alghamdi Ahmad M.
Published: October 2023

Consider G to be a finite group and p to be a prime divisor of the order |G| in the group G. The main aim of this paper is to prove that the outcome in a recent paper of A. Laradji is true in the case of a p-constrained group. We observe that the generalization of the concept of Navarro’s vertex for an irreducible character in a p-constrained group G is generally undefined. We illustrate this with a suitable example. Let ϕ∈Irr(G) have a positive height, and let there be an anchor group Aϕ. We prove that if the normalizer NG(Aϕ) is p-constrained, then Op´(NG(Aϕ))≠{1G}, where Op´(NG(Aϕ)) is the maximal normal p´ subgroup of NG(Aϕ). We use character theoretic methods. In particular, Clifford theory is the main tool used to accomplish the results.
Moniliformin Occurrence in Serbian Maize over Four Years: Understanding Weather-Dependent Variability
Authors: Radić Bojana , Radović Radmila , Janić Hajnal Elizabet , Mandić Anamarija , Đekić Sanja , Stojanović Zorica , Kos Jovana
Published: October 2023

Moniliformin (MON) represents one of the most widespread emerging mycotoxins, whose presence in food and feed can potentially cause harmful effects on the health of both the public and animals. In order to investigate MON occurrence, a total of four hundred (n = 400) samples of unprocessed maize were sampled from different regions (Bačka, Banat, and Srem) of Serbia during a period of four years (2018–2021) and were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The influence of regional differences and variations from year to year in terms of weather conditions on the occurrence of MON was also assessed. The obtained validation parameters indicated that the LC-MS/MS method is applicable to the determination of MON in maize samples. It can be observed from the acquired findings that all samples were contaminated with MON, while concentration levels varied between the samples, especially from different sampling years. The maize samples showed the greatest levels of MON concentration during the dry and hot climatic conditions experienced in 2021. In maize samples harvested in the period 2018–2020, the MON concentration levels detected were about two to three times lower compared to the year 2021. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation into the correlation between weather conditions and the occurrence of MON in maize grown in Serbia was undertaken by reviewing the outcomes of research undertaken in the past decade.
Spike Gene Analysis and Prevalence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Pigs in South Korea: 2013–2022
Authors: Park Gyu-Nam , Song Sok , Choe SeEun , Shin Jihye , An Byung-Hyun , Kim Song-Yi , Hyun Bang-Hun , An Dong-Jun
Published: October 2023

From late 2013–2022, 1131 cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) were reported to the Korean Animal Health Integrated System (KAHIS). There were four major outbreaks from winter to spring (2013–2014, 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2021–2022), with the main outbreaks occurring in Chungnam (CN), Jeonbuk (JB), and Jeju (JJ). Analysis of the complete spike (S) gene of 140/1131 KAHIS PEDV cases nationwide confirmed that 139 belonged to the G2b genotype and 1 to the G2a genotype. Among them, two strains (K17GG1 and K17GB3) were similar to an S INDEL isolated in the United States (strain OH851), and 12 strains had deletions (nucleotides (nt) 3–99) or insertions (12 nt) within the S gene. PEDVs in JJ formed a regionally independent cluster. The substitution rates (substitutions/site/year) were as follows: 1.5952 × 10−3 in CN, 1.8065 × 10−3 in JB, and 1.5113 × 10−3 in JJ. A Bayesian skyline plot showed that the effective population size of PEDs in JJ fell from 2013–2022, whereas in CN and JB it was maintained. Genotyping of 340 Korean PEDV strains, including the 140 PEDVs in this study and 200 Korean reference strains from GenBank, revealed that only the highly pathogenic non-INDEL type (G2b) was dominant from 2020 onwards. Therefore, it is predicted that the incidence of PED will be maintained by the G2b (non-INDEL) genotype.
Epidemiology of Influenza-like Illness and Respiratory Viral Etiology in Adult Patients in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China between 2018 and 2019
Authors: Jia Zhao , Xue Puna , Gao Ruihong , Wang Rui , Zhao Lifeng , Zuo Zhihong , Gao Li , Han Rui , Yao Hong , Guo Jiane , Xu Jihong , Zhu Zhen , Wang Jitao
Published: October 2023

To determine the epidemiological status of influenza and understand the distribution of common respiratory viruses in adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China, epidemiological data between 2018 and 2019 were retrieved from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, and two sentinel ILI surveillance hospitals were selected for sample collection. All specimens were screened for influenza virus (IFV) and the other 14 common respiratory viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results of the 2-year ILI surveillance showed that 26,205 (1.37%) of the 1,907,869 outpatients and emergency patients presented with ILI, with an average annual incidence of 297.75 per 100,000 individuals, and ILI cases were predominant in children <15 years (21,348 patients, 81.47%). Of the 2713 specimens collected from adult patients with ILI, the overall detection rate of respiratory viruses was 20.13%, with IFV being the most frequently detected (11.79%) and at a relatively lower rate than other respiratory viruses. Further subtype analysis indicated an alternating or mixed prevalence of H1N1 (2009), H3N2, Victoria, and Yamagata subtypes. This study provides a baseline epidemiological characterization of ILI and highlights the need for a nationwide detection and surveillance system for multiple respiratory pathogens.
Suitable Disinfectants with Proven Efficacy for Genetically Modified Viruses and Viral Vectors
Authors: Eggers Maren , Schwebke Ingeborg , Blümel Johannes , Brandt Franziska , Fickenscher Helmut , Gebel Jürgen , Hübner Nils , Müller Janis A. , Rabenau Holger F. , Rapp Ingrid , Reiche Sven , Steinmann Eike , Steinmann Jochen , Zwicker Paula , Suchomel Miranda
Published: October 2023

Viral disinfection is important for medical facilities, the food industry, and the veterinary field, especially in terms of controlling virus outbreaks. Therefore, standardized methods and activity levels are available for these areas. Usually, disinfectants used in these areas are characterized by their activity against test organisms (i.e., viruses, bacteria, and/or yeasts). This activity is usually determined using a suspension test in which the test organism is incubated with the respective disinfectant in solution to assess its bactericidal, yeasticidal, or virucidal activity. In addition, carrier methods that more closely reflect real-world applications have been developed, in which microorganisms are applied to the surface of a carrier (e.g., stainless steel frosted glass, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) and then dried. However, to date, no standardized methods have become available for addressing genetically modified vectors or disinfection-resistant oncolytic viruses such as the H1-parvovirus. Particularly, such non-enveloped viruses, which are highly resistant to disinfectants, are not taken into account in European standards. This article proposes a new activity claim known as “virucidal activity PLUS”, summarizes the available methods for evaluating the virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants against genetically modified organisms (GMOs) using current European standards, including the activity against highly resistant parvoviridae such as the adeno-associated virus (AAV), and provides guidance on the selection of disinfectants for pharmaceutical manufacturers, laboratories, and clinical users.
A Novel Quadruple Gene-Deleted BoHV-1-Vectored RVFV Subunit Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Rift Valley Fever in Calves
Authors: Pavulraj Selvaraj , Stout Rhett W. , Barras Elise D. , Paulsen Daniel B. , Chowdhury Shafiqul I.
Published: October 2023

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is considered to be a high biodefense priority based on its threat to livestock and its ability to cause human hemorrhagic fever. RVFV-infected livestock are also a significant risk factor for human infection by direct contact with contaminated blood, tissues, and aborted fetal materials. Therefore, livestock vaccination in the affected regions has the direct dual benefit and one-health approach of protecting the lives of millions of animals and eliminating the risk of severe and sometimes lethal human Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease. Recently, we have developed a bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) quadruple gene mutant virus (BoHV-1qmv) vector that lacks virulence and immunosuppressive properties due to the deletion of envelope proteins UL49.5, glycoprotein G (gG), gE cytoplasmic tail, and US9 coding sequences. In the current study, we engineered the BoHV-1qmv further by incorporating a chimeric gene sequence to express a proteolytically cleavable polyprotein: RVFV envelope proteins Gn ectodomain sequence fused with bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and Gc, resulting in a live BoHV-1qmv-vectored subunit vaccine against RVFV for livestock. In vitro, the resulting recombinant virus, BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV, was replicated in cell culture with high titers. The chimeric Gn-GMCSF and Gc proteins expressed by the vaccine virus formed the Gn–Gc complex. In calves, the BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccination was safe and induced moderate levels of the RVFV vaccine strain, MP12-specific neutralizing antibody titers. Additionally, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the vaccinated calves had six-fold increased levels of interferon-gamma transcription compared with that of the BoHV-1qmv (vector)-vaccinated calves when stimulated with heat-inactivated MP12 antigen in vitro. Based on these findings, we believe that a single dose of BoHV-1qmv Sub-RVFV vaccine generated a protective RVFV-MP12-specific humoral and cellular immune response. Therefore, the BoHV-1qmv sub-RVFV can potentially be a protective subunit vaccine for cattle against RVFV.
The Variability of Maximum Daily Precipitation and the Underlying Circulation Conditions in Kraków, Southern Poland
Authors: Twardosz Robert , Cebulska Marta , Guzik Izabela
Published: October 2023

This article studies the intra-annual and long-term variability in the maximum daily precipitation totals and their association with atmospheric circulation in Kraków. It investigates daily precipitation maxima by year and by month. The research is based on daily precipitation totals in the years 1863–2021 and draws on the calendar of atmospheric circulation types by Niedźwiedź. It examines the frequency of precipitation maxima in individual months and their variation from one year to another. No statistically significant trend of change in precipitation over the study period has been found. All annual maximum daily precipitation totals in Kraków fall into the category of heavy precipitation (>10 mm), and almost 99% qualify as very heavy (>20 mm). In the summer months, these are about 3–4 times higher than in winter. The share of the daily precipitation maximum in the monthly total exceeds 30% in all months. The maximum daily precipitation occurring on 5 August 2021 was the highest in the period that extends from the start of instrumental measurements. The study period saw 12 cases of maximum precipitation that belong to ‘flood-inducing’ categories (over 70 mm/day). Such cases of the very heaviest precipitation occurred in cyclonic situations: Cc, Bc, Nc, NEc, Ec and SEc. Most spring and summer maxima were seen on days with a cyclonic circulation. The instances of high daily precipitation in the Kraków area led to the flooding of residential and historic buildings, as well as of municipal infrastructure.
Characteristics of Zinc Adsorption onto Biochars Derived from Different Feedstocks
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Wang Fei , Xu Wangqi
Published: October 2023

Human activities such as the discharge of urban sewage, garbage, and industrial waste have seriously affected the quality of groundwater sources for human consumption. The potential for using biochar as a reactive medium in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was explored for Zn-contaminated groundwater treatment in this study. Four different types of biochar produced from wood, coconut shell, rice straw, and fruit shell were used. The production temperature of these biochars were 600 °C, 550 °C, 500 °C, and 500 °C, respectively. The samples were coded with the initials of the biochar source and the production temperature as WD600, CS550, RS500, and FS500. The results of various batch adsorption studies show that equilibrium solution pH has a great effect on the maximum adsorption capacity in the pH range of 2–7. The adsorption of Zn on biochars follows the Freundlich model and fits well with the pseudo-second-order model. The fixed-bed column test data were well fitted to the Dose–Response model. The adsorption capacities of WD600, CS550, RS500, and FS500 were 24.91, 15.87, 9.25, and 46.71 mg/g, respectively. The removal rate of FS500 can reach a maximum of 98.87%. FS500 is considered to be a potential reaction medium for treating Zn-contaminated groundwater in a PRB system. This work provides a new option for converting biomass waste into an adsorbent for zinc in wastewater. The results of this study are expected to provide a solid theoretical basis for the further application of biochar in groundwater pollution remediation.
The Effect of Peatland Restoration on Ciliate Communities: Long-Term Analyses
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Bartkowska Aleksandra , Bronowicka-Mielniczuk Urszula , Rudyk-Leuska Natalia
Published: October 2023

Peatlands are extremely valuable ecosystems of enormous biological diversity, mainly due to their specific geological and hydrological conditions. One of the most important threats facing these habitats is overgrowth resulting from intensifying succession processes. Due to the fact that peatlands are endangered or vanishing, attempts are made to restore their original natural assets. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of active conservation of peatland ecosystems, in the form of removal of birch trees, on communities of ciliates. The subject of the research was the Durne Bagno peat bog, located in Polesie National Park in eastern Poland. Analysis of the results of long-term research (nine years) showed that active conservation measures affect the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of peatlands. In the habitat where birch trees were cut down, the water level, temperature, and chlorophyll a concentration in the vast majority of cases were higher than in the area with Betula L. Changes in habitat conditions are reflected in the taxonomic composition and abundance of ciliates. In the habitat from which birch trees were removed, ciliate abundance was higher than in areas where birch remained. The total number of taxa in the habitats was the same, but there were seasonal differences. The most taxa were recorded in spring and summer and the fewest in autumn. Thus, analysis of the results indicates that ciliates are an appropriate indicator group of species for biomonitoring of peatland restoration.
Monitoring the Efficiency of a Catchment Restoration to Further Reduce Nutrients and Sediment Input into a Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Nachtigall Solveig , Heim Christine
Published: October 2023

The restoration of eutrophic river and lake ecosystems is an important task that has been conducted in numerous ways and at many locations around the world. However, such improvements of water quality are often temporary, as such ecosystems are dynamic, and restoration measures must be reassessed and modified. The restored catchment of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Seeburg, in central Germany, was monitored over a 13-month period. The restoration of the inflowing river a decade earlier included riverbed prolongation, gradient reduction, and the construction of wetlands upstream, which reduced the sediment input and silting up of the lake. As nutrient fluxes in the tributaries were still high, these restoration measures seemed to be insufficiently effective. This study aimed to locate nutrient hotspots and quantify the nutrient balances of the catchment. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations, river discharge, hydrochemical parameters (pH, temperature, oxygen concentrations) and turbidity, as a proxy for suspended particulate matter (SPM), were monitored monthly. Our data show that the lake functions as a nitrogen sink, whereas the phosphorous fluxes follow a seasonal trend with the negative balance in winter turning into a positive balance in summer with the onset of cyanobacterial blooms. The release of phosphorous from the wetland throughout the year indicates supersaturation and thus a permanent input of phosphorous into the lake. Consequently, phosphorus loading in the lake is quite high, fostering eutrophication. Furthermore, the very low precipitation rates during the study highlighted that the lake was not only controlled by external nutrient loads but rather was sustained by high internal phosphorous loading. Consequently, the remediation action of creating the wetland to restore the sedimentation trap and nutrient accumulation capacity was not sufficient.
Forecasting Future Water Demands for Sustainable Development in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Younis Hebah Ibrahim , Kizhisseri Mohamed Ibrahim , Mohamed Mohamed Mostafa
Published: October 2023

Water demand forecasting plays an important role in the sustainable management of water resources, especially in countries facing water scarcity challenges, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Al-Ain, the second-largest city within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the fourth largest in the UAE, faces the dual challenge of anticipated population growth and forthcoming development initiatives. These factors are set to exert added pressure on the city’s water resources. Hence, Al-Ain City requires an immediate assessment of future water demands as a critical step toward achieving sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of historical consumption patterns and other relevant factors to predict future water demand and to present a water demand forecasting model to project the water requirements of Al-Ain City up to the year 2030. The proposed “Linear Forecast Model” for Al-Ain City is developed using the IWR-MAIN software (Version 6.0), with its core code developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Institute for Water Resources. The results of this model suggest that the total water demand is projected to increase by 45% by the year 2030. Among the sectors, the residential sector is expected to have the highest water demand, accounting for approximately 61% of the total water demand by 2030. The governmental and agricultural sectors are estimated to contribute 20% and 10% to the total demand, respectively, with the remaining 9% distributed across the other four sectors.
Ozone Catalysis Degradation of Sodium Acetate via Vacancy-Driven Radical Oxidation over Fe-Modified Fly Ash
Authors: Chen Yaoji , Chen Ruifu , Chang Xinglan , Yan Jingying , Gu Yajie , Xi Shuang , Sun Pengfei , Dong Xiaoping
Published: October 2023

In order to realize the high value-added reuse of coal fly ash, a reusable Fe-modified fly ash catalyst was synthesized for ozone catalysis degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater. Through enhancement of the pretreatment procedure and FeOx modification, the resulting fly ash with Fe modification demonstrated increased specific surface area and porosity. The presence of Fe loading significantly enhances the reactivity of surface oxidizing reactive species, particularly oxygen vacancy, leading to improved adsorption and activation properties towards ozone molecules. Sodium acetate is chosen as a probe for contaminants due to its status as a small organic substance that remains resistant to further direct oxidation by ozone. This makes it suitable for evaluating the catalyst’s effectiveness in degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD). The quantitative detection of free radicals revealed the generation of •O2− was nearly 10 times that of •OH and dominated the reaction. This study showcases the potential of fly ash, an industrial byproduct, to be utilized as a cost-effective and easily prepared catalyst with consistent physical and chemical characteristics.
Alterações no sistema nervoso em decorrência de contaminação por SARS-COV-2: revisão sistemática
Authors: Gomes do Nascimento Jorge , Almeida Willian Serra de
Published: October 2023

Introdução. O Vírus SARS-CoV-2, causador do COVID 19, tem a capacidade de infectar os seres humanos, atingindo uma vasta gama de células e tecidos. Destacando sua predileção para o sistema respiratório, atingindo também o Sistema Nervoso. Pesquisas têm demonstrado sequelas neurológicas em pacientes contaminados por COVID-19. Objetivo. Revisar a bibliografia existente que delineiam as injurias causadas por COVID-19 ao tecido neurológico. Método. A pesquisa fundamentou seus dados por meio de busca em bancos de dados. Foi usado como filtros de pesquisa; título, assunto e tipo. O descritor Neurological foi associado utilizando o operador booleano AND com os descritores: Coronavirus COVID-19 e Nervous System e seus respectivos correspondentes em português. Resultados. Assim como os demais tipos de corona vírus, o Sars-cov-2 possui capacidade de neuroinvasiva. A sintomatologia, pode sofrer variações ponde essa ser leves ou graves predispondo a aparição de agravos cerebrovascular, com predominância em pacientes com comorbidades pré-existentes. O período de manifestação dos sintomas pode ocorrer em média de um a 2 dias após aparecimento dos sintomas respiratórios. Conclusão. Este estudo apresenta novos e importantes subsídios a respeito da COVID-19 e as alterações ao tecido do sistema nervoso fomentando subsídio aos profissionais da área da saúde em ampliar a perspectiva da doença além dos distúrbios cardiorrespiratórios, evidenciando o progresso clínico da doença para manifestações neurológicas associadas.
The synthesis of polymeric s-Triazine schiff bases and investigation of [(Fe(III)/Mn(III)(Salen)Cl] metal complexes
Authors: YILDIRIM Nihal , KOÇ Ziya Erdem
Published: October 2023

In this study, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine) as the starting material. A one-way Schiff base reaction took place with the condensation reaction of melamine and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Then, monopodal s-triazine-centered Schiff base ligand complexes were obtained by obtaining a single oxygen-bridged compound of [(Fe(III)/Mn(III)Salen)Cl] ligand complexes, which we synthesized monopodal Schiff base s-triazine monomer by the literature. The obtained unidirectional s-triazine-centered Schiff base ligand complexes were polymerized under reflux with different dialdehyde compounds. Consequently, the structures of the obtained all ligands and complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI-LS-MS spectroscopy, TGA-DTA analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement techniques.
Union with God: Cross Textual Reading in Surat Centhini VI and John 15: 1-8
Authors: Aryanto Antonius Galih Arga Wiwin , Lilik Kurniawan Albertus
Published: October 2023

The article wants to analyze the meaning of “union with God” in Javanese literature, Surat Centhini and in the Christian bible, John 15: 1-8. John Gospel has one focuses on the need of human beings to have a deep relationship with God. the same idea also can be found in Javanesse text, Surat Centhini. Both has the same purpose of spiritual life that is union with God or manunggaling kawula Gusti. The methodology will employ "cross-textual reading". The method seeks to provide space for readers to understand the text of the Holy Scriptures in the context of religious diversity, such as in Indonesia. The study wants to juxtapose the concept of manunggaling kawula Gusti which is taken from Serat Centhini VI, the song Gurisa pupuh 368:46-56 with the Gospel of John about the true vine. Hopefully this contextual theology effort will be able to contribute to theological reflection about relation between humans and God on the Javanese culture.
Unearthing Linguistic and Historical Treasures: Analysis of Traces of Pro-to-Austronesian in Ancient Malay Inscriptions from Hindu-Buddhist Antiq-uities in Padang Lawas, North Sumatra
Authors: Napitupulu Merlin Helentina , Qhodari Qhodari , Venroy Venroy
Published: October 2023

This research delves into the linguistic and historical dimensions of Padang Lawas, a region in North Sumatra, Indonesia, by conducting an in-depth analysis of ancient Malay inscriptions originating from Hindu-Buddhist antiquities. The central objective of the study is to identify traces of Proto-Austronesian, the ancestral language of the Austronesian language family, within these inscriptions and to place them within their broader historical and cultural context. The linguistic analysis begins with the identification of linguistic features, including vocabulary, phonological elements, and syntactical structures, that echo Proto-Austronesian characteristics. By comparing these features with reconstructed Proto-Austronesian and related languages, the research aims to shed light on the linguistic evolution of the Malay language and its historical connections. The historical context is illuminated by examining the inscriptions within the framework of the Hindu-Buddhist period in Padang Lawas. This entails a thorough exploration of religious practices, trade networks, and societal structures that defined the region during this era. Additionally, the inscriptions' references to both Hindu and Buddhist deities reveal the syncretism of beliefs that characterized the cultural landscape. Regional variations in the inscriptions highlight the diversity of cultures and dialects within Padang Lawas, enriching our understanding of linguistic and cultural interactions. Ethical considerations have guided the research, emphasizing the preservation of cultural heritage, responsible research, and collaboration with local communities and authorities. The findings of this research have profound implications. They contribute to the fields of linguistics, history, and archaeology, offering fresh insights into language evolution, historical context, and the interplay of cultures in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, they advocate for the preservation of cultural heritage, responsible research practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration as models for future investigations.
ORDU AKKUŞ İLÇESİNİN GASTRONOMİK KÜLTÜRÜNE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BAYRAK Didem , KEMENT Üzeyir , ERKEKLİ Seda
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmada Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Ordu ili Akkuş ilçesinin gastronomik kültürü incelenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Akkuş ilçesinde yaşayan yedi gönüllü katılımcıyla görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmede edinilen veriler MaxQDA nitel veri analiz programı kullanılarak kodlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ana temaları; öğünler, kutsal günler, eğlence amaçlı etkinlikler, sofra adabı, araç/gereçler ve gelenek/göreneklerdir. Yapılan analizde oluşan kelime buluntunda en çok tekrar edilen kelimelerin yemek, mısır, misafir ve düğün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bölge halkı günlük öğünlerinde ve kutsal günlerinde kuru fasulye, pancar turşusu kavurması, pancar sarması, fasulye turşusu kavurması, köy yufkası böreği, keşkek, mısır çorbası ve bulgurlu gibi ürünlere sofralarında yer vermektedir. Geleneklere bağlı yaşayan yöre halkı imece, düğün ve cenazeye önem vermekte, bayram gibi özel günler dışında da mevlit okutma yapmaktadırlar. Kandiller ve Nevruz Bayramı bölge genelinde kutlanmamakta olup, Hıdrellez (Mayıs yedisi) ise ilçe genelinde geniş katılımlı kutlanmaktadır. Araç ve gereç olarak bölge genelinde masa yerine sini kullanıldığı, geçmişte ise tabak olarak bakır çanakların tercih edildiği yapılan görüşmelerde öğrenilmiştir. Düğün törenleri bölge için büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Buna ek olarak geçmişte ilçede yapılan düğünlerin üç gün üç gece sürdüğü ve farklı zaman dilimleri için eğlence, yemek ve mevlit gibi organizasyonların yapıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Determination of the Classification Success of KNN Algorithm Distance Metric Methods on Wheat Seeds Dataset
Authors: ÇELİK Ahmet
Published: October 2023

Machine learning algorithms are widely used in product sorting processes in the food industry. The

attributes of the products are used in the classification process. Attributes vary for each product. In this

study, using the k nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, the classification of the wheat groups of Kama,

Rosa and Canada was performed. The Seeds dataset provided in UCI (University of California, Irvine)

machine learning open source data storage was used. There are 70 examples of each wheat class in the

data set. In addition, the classification estimation success of distance metrics and the number of training

data was measured. Each of the wheat samples was randomly selected and a soft X-ray technique was

used to visualize the inner core structure of the wheat in the experimental environment with high

quality. According to the training rates ranging from 50% to 90% of the data set, the classification

success of the KNN algorithm was tested. In the KNN algorithm, the neighborhood values 1, 3 and 5

were selected to affect the classification success. The successes of the Euclidean, Chebyshev,

Manhattan and Mahalanobis distance metric methods of the KNN algorithm were tested according to

each k neighborhood value. According to the results obtained, with the Mahalanobis metric method, a

classification success rate of 0.9924 accuracy was obtained according to the AUC (Area Under the Curve)

success metric by using the neighborhood value of k = 3. In the literature, there is no study comparing

the KNN algorithm, neighborhood values and distance vectors together on food data sets using varying

training and test data. Therefore, it is thought that the study will make an important contribution to

the literature.
Evaluation of Photovoltaic Panel Power Generation Based on Instant Solar Radiation and Meteorological Parameters
Authors: YÜZER Erşan Ömer , BOZKURT Altuğ
Published: October 2023

The solar radiation incident on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) panels, dependent on the inclination

angle, and the temperature of the panels are the most significant parameters affecting power

generation. These two parameters are necessary to accurately evaluate the electrical performance by

enabling the calculation of cell and module temperatures. In this study, the efficiencies and electrical

power behaviors of PV panels positioned towards the sun at a 37° inclination angle in Hakkari province

were examined under real solar radiation and ambient temperature values. In addition, the effect of

wind speed parameters was also considered, and the impact on panel efficiency and PV panel output

power was evaluated. When the results were evaluated, it was confirmed that the effect of wind

increases the efficiency of PV panels, resulting in an increasing in PV output power.
06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde (Mw 7.7-Mw 7.6) Meydana Gelen Gerçek Can Kayıpları Ve Yapısal Hasar Değerlerinin Tahmin Edilen Değerler İle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: NEMUTLU Ömer Faruk , SARI Ali , BALUN Bilal
Published: October 2023

Türkiye’de, aktif fay zonlarını sınırları içerisinde bulundurması sebebiyle geçmişten günümüze kadar,

birçok deprem meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremler önemli can ve mal kayıplarına neden olmuştur. Bu

kayıplar maddi ve manevi olarak ülkede yaşayan insanları derinden etkilemiştir. Bunlara son olarak 06

Şubat 2023 tarihinde yaklaşık 9 saat arayla meydana gelen Kahramanmaraş merkezli iki büyük deprem

eklenmiştir. Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunun Ölü Deniz Fay Zonu ile birleştiği bölümde 04.17’de meydana

gelen deprem sonrasında, yerel saatle 13.24’te Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunun başka bir kolu olan Çardak

Fayında diğer deprem meydana gelmiştir. Çok büyük bir alanda hissedilen depremlerden 11 il

etkilenmiş, 14 milyonun üzerinde insan depremden zarar görmüştür. Meydana gelen zararlar yapısal

hasar kaynaklı can kayıpları ve ekonomik kayıplardır. Depremden etkilenen bölgede birçok yapı

tamamen göçmüş, bir bölümü ise ağır hasarlı bir şekilde kullanılamaz hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma ise

deprem kaynaklı kayıpları önceden tahmin edebilen kayıp değerlendirilmesi metodolojisi kullanarak

gerçekte meydana gelmiş kayıpların değerlendirilmesi amaçlamıştır. 11 ildeki gerçek kayıplar ile tahmin

edilen kayıplar karşılaştırılmıştır. Can kaybı tahminlerinde kullanılan modifiye edilmiş can kaybı

katsayıları ile gerçek sonuçlar benzer değerler almıştır. Yıkımın büyük olduğu şehirlerde ağır hasarlı ve

yıkık bina sayıları tam olarak örtüşmese dahi, genel olarak kayıp tahmin aşamaları uygulandığında

benzer sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçları incelenmiş, sonuçlar gerekçeleri ile

irdelenmiştir.