bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitability of the Spanish Open Public Cartographic Resources for BIM Site Modeling
Authors: Bernal Amparo , Muñoz Carlos , Sáez Ana , Serrano-López Roberto
Published: November 2021

The possibility of accessing free cartographic resources on the internet instead of creating their own digital object representation is a big advantage for architecture and engineering professionals in the surveying process of a construction or restoration project. The use of these products must be carried out with the guarantee that the precision of the site representation made from them is adapted to the level of detail required by each phase of the project. This paper compares graphically and statistically the accuracy of the topographic surfaces we can get from the LIDAR point clouds and the Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) of the National Centre for Geographic Information (CNIG by its Spanish acronym) that in Spain are available on the internet free of charge. We will use as a reference surface for comparison, the topographic map of the Digital Model Elevation (DEM) from the images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) processed with software based on algorithms of Structure from Motion (SfM). The study case for this comparative research will be the graphical survey of an archaeological site of funerary architecture made in 1939 during the Spanish Civil War. The monument is located near the city of Burgos (Spain) in an area with difficult access and restricted airspace, which makes difficult the fieldwork. The modeling of the surface has great importance for the graphic survey of the site, because its architectural configuration is adapted to the steep slope of the hillside. The purpose of this research is to check, if the surfaces provided through the Spanish open public cartographic resources are accurate enough to replace the mapping from UAV photogrammetry. Finally, if the outcomes can be extrapolated for widespread use of these resources for the site modeling of a project, according to the requirements of the different levels of development defined in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology.
Inclusive universities: evidence from the Erasmus program
Authors: De Benedictis Luca , Leoni Silvia
Published: November 2021

The Erasmus Program is the main international mobility program in Europe and worldwide. Since its launch in 1987, it has been growing both in terms of participants and budget devoted to its activities. However, despite the possibility to obtain additional funding, the participation of students with special needs in the program remains extremely low. This work quantifies the participation of these students to Erasmus and explores the network of universities involved in their mobility, along the period 2008–2013. In addition, it proposes a novel index to measure the level of inclusiveness of universities welcoming international students with disabilities. Quantifying and analyzing this aspect could be the basis for better designing targeted policies and for widening the participation of students with impairments to international mobility.
Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
Authors: Nguyen Quang , Vu Tuan V. , Dinh Hanh-Duyen , Cassi Davide , Scotognella Francesco , Alfieri Roberto , Bellingeri Michele
Published: November 2021

In this paper we investigate how the modularity of model and real-world social networks affect their robustness and the efficacy of node attack (removal) strategies based on node degree (ID) and node betweenness (IB). We build Barabasi–Albert model networks with different modularity by a new ad hoc algorithm that rewire links forming networks with community structure. We traced the network robustness using the largest connected component (LCC). We find that when model networks present absent or low modular structure ID strategy is more effective than IB to decrease the LCC. Conversely, in the case the model network present higher modularity, the IB strategy becomes the most effective to fragment the LCC. In addition, networks with higher modularity present a signature of a 1st order percolation transition and a decrease of the LCC with one or several abrupt changes when nodes are removed, for both strategies; differently, networks with non-modular structure or low modularity show a 2nd order percolation transition networks when nodes are removed. Last, we investigated how the modularity of the network structure evaluated by the modularity indicator (Q) affect the network robustness and the efficacy of the attack strategies in 12 real-world social networks. We found that the modularity Q is negatively correlated with the robustness of the real-world social networks for both the node attack strategies, especially for the IB strategy (p-value < 0.001). This result indicates how real-world networks with higher modularity (i.e. with higher community structure) may be more fragile to node attack. The results presented in this paper unveil the role of modularity and community structure for the robustness of networks and may be useful to select the best node attack strategies in network.
Eingreifende Hermeneutik. Zum Wert hermeneutischen Wissens und Könnens in deutschdidaktischer Hinsicht
Authors: Nacarlı Diana , Landgraf Julia , Kilian Jörg
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag zeigt die Aktualität der Hermeneutik durch ihre Potenziale für einen inklusiven Deutschunterricht. Insbesondere durch das produktive Nicht-Verstehen und die Reflexion (zukünftiger) Lehrender über Verstehensprozesse kann das Potenzial der Hermeneutik deutschdidaktisch genutzt werden.
You Only Get One Brain: Adult Reflections on the Long-Term Impacts of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescence
Authors: Mulligan Therese , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Gibson Kerry , Jones Kelly
Published: November 2021

Background:

This research adds to scarce literature regarding adolescent experiences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Retrospective accounts of young adults who had sustained a TBI in adolescence were analysed to explore the perceived impact this had on their lives and forming identities during this important developmental stage.

Methods:

Thirteen adults (aged 20–25 years; mean 23 years) who sustained a mild or moderate TBI during adolescence (i.e. aged 13–17 years at injury), approximately 7.7 years (range = 6.7–8.0 years) prior, participated in the research. Semi-structured individual interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, explored participants’ experiences following their TBIs.

Results:

Thematic analysis of interview data produced two categories of themes: (1) Impacts on Important Areas of Life, which included: schoolwork suffered, career opportunities became limited, struggling with work and missing out socially; and (2) Impacts on Identity: with themes including feeling ‘stupid’, feeling self-conscious, loss of social identity and being dependent.

Conclusions:

TBI sustained during adolescence can have broad impacts on important areas of life and on developing identity.
Enhancement of pre-pulse and picosecond pedestal contrast of the petawatt J-KAREN-P laser
Authors: Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Miyasaka Yasuhiro , Kon Akira , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Sagisaka Akito , Sasao Hajime , Pirozhkov Alexander S. , Fukuda Yuji , Ogura Koichi , Kondo Kotaro , Dover Nicholas P. , Kando Masaki
Published: November 2021

We have experimentally improved the temporal contrast of the petawatt J-KAREN-P laser facility. We have investigated how the generation of pre-pulses by post-pulses changes due to the temporal overlap between the stretched pulse and the post-pulse in a chirped-pulse amplification system. We have shown that the time at which the pre-pulse is generated by the post-pulse and its shape are related to the time difference between the stretched main pulse and the post-pulse. With this investigation, we have found and identified the origins of the pre-pulses and have demonstrated the removal of most pre-pulses by eliminating the post-pulse with wedged optics. We have also demonstrated the impact of stretcher optics on the picosecond pedestal. We have realized orders of magnitude enhancement of the pedestal by improving the optical quality of a key component in the stretcher.
Symptom monitoring after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system: Separating symptoms from severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
Authors: Shenoy Erica S. , Wickner Paige G. , West Lauren R. , Banerji Aleena , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Centi Amanda J. , Gottlieb Andrew , Hashimoto Dean M. , Kim Esther , Kim Marvel , Lee Hang , Simpson Lynn A. , Landman Adam B.
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To describe the incidence of systemic overlap and typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms in healthcare personnel (HCP) following COVID-19 vaccination and association of reported symptoms with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the context of public health recommendations regarding work exclusion.

Design:

This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 16, 2020, and March 14, 2021, with HCP who had received at least 1 dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

Setting:

Large healthcare system in New England.

Interventions:

HCP were prompted to complete a symptom survey for 3 days after each vaccination. Reported symptoms generated automated guidance regarding symptom management, SARS-CoV-2 testing requirements, and work restrictions. Overlap symptoms (ie, fever, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, or headache) were categorized as either lower or higher severity. Typical COVID-19 symptoms included sore throat, cough, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea, shortness of breath, ageusia and anosmia.

Results:

Among 64,187 HCP, a postvaccination electronic survey had response rates of 83% after dose 1 and 77% after dose 2. Report of ≥3 lower-severity overlap symptoms, ≥1 higher-severity overlap symptoms, or at least 1 typical COVID-19 symptom after dose 1 was associated with increased likelihood of testing positive. HCP with prior COVID-19 infection were significantly more likely to report severe overlap symptoms after dose 1.

Conclusions:

Reported overlap symptoms were common; however, only report of ≥3 low-severity overlap symptoms, at least 1 higher-severity overlap symptom, or any typical COVID-19 symptom were associated with infection. Work-related restrictions for overlap symptoms should be reconsidered.
IS JAPAN BACK? MEASURING NATIONALISM AND MILITARY ASSERTIVENESS IN ASIA'S OTHER GREAT POWER
Authors: Lind Jennifer , Ueki Chikako Kawakatsu
Published: November 2021

Observers of East Asia frequently claim that Japanese nationalism is on the rise, and that Tokyo is abandoning its longtime military restraint. To determine whether these trends are indeed occurring, we define and measure Japan's nationalism and military assertiveness; we measure whether they are rising relative to Japan in the past, and relative to seven other countries.

Drawing from social identity theory, we distinguish between “nationalism” and a more benign “patriotism.” We find in Japan (1) strong patriotism that is stable over time, and no evidence of rising nationalism. Furthermore we find that (2) military assertiveness remains generally low, but it has risen in terms of decreased institutional constraints and peacekeeping activities. Our findings have important implications for academic debates about nationalism and Japanese security policy, and for policy debates about a nascent balancing effort against China.
The first described fossil Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Baltic amber
Authors: Szawaryn Karol , Sontag Elżbieta , Kubisz Daniel
Published: November 2021

Molecular dating estimates the appearance of the family Oedemeridae in the Early Cretaceous. Several fossil representatives are known from Spanish (105 Ma) and Myanmar (99 Ma) ambers. The family also has been mentioned by several authors to occur in Eocene Baltic amber, but virtually no species was described until now. Here, we provide a description of the first fossil oedemerid species from Eocene Baltic amber, which is classified within subfamily Oedemerinae, in the extant genusOedemeraOlivier asOedemera(s. str.)girulskiin. sp. The presence of appendiculate pretarsal claws and relatively large eyes separate the new species from its extant congeners.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/24b0b919-8684-4908-b002-9521b071dcc8.
Emma Adams, 'Unbreakable Threads: The True Story of an Australian Mother, a Refugee Boy and What It Really Means to Be a Family', Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2018, 336 pp., ISBN: 9 7817 6063 3103, A$$32.99.
Authors: Harris Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Emma Adams, Unbreakable Threads: The True Story of an Australian Mother, a Refugee Boy and What It Really Means to Be a Family, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2018, 336 pp., ISBN: 9 7817 6063 3103, A$$32.99.
The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections
Authors: SIDES JOHN , VAVRECK LYNN , WARSHAW CHRISTOPHER
Published: November 2021

We provide a comprehensive assessment of the influence of television advertising on United States election outcomes from 2000–2018. We expand on previous research by including presidential, Senate, House, gubernatorial, Attorney General, and state Treasurer elections and using both difference-in-differences and border-discontinuity research designs to help identify the causal effect of advertising. We find that televised broadcast campaign advertising matters up and down the ballot, but it has much larger effects in down-ballot elections than in presidential elections. Using survey and voter registration data from multiple election cycles, we also show that the primary mechanism for ad effects is persuasion, not the mobilization of partisans. Our results have implications for the study of campaigns and elections as well as voter decision making and information processing.
Point-of-care Hb measurement in pooled capillary blood by a portable autoanalyser: comparison with venous blood Hb measured by reference methods in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Authors: Dasi Teena , Palika Ravindranadh , Pullakhandam Raghu , Augustine Little Flower , Boiroju Naveen Kumar , Prasannanavar Devraj J. , Pradhan Anju Sinha , Kurpad Anura V. , Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Kulkarni Bharati
Published: November 2021

Population-based surveys commonly use point-of-care (POC) methods with capillary blood samples for estimating Hb concentrations; these estimates need to be validated by comparison with reference methods using venous blood. In a cross-sectional study in 748 participants (17–86 years, 708 women, Hb: 5·1 to 18·2 g/dl) from Hyderabad, India, we validated Hb measured from a pooled capillary blood sample by a POC autoanalyser (Horiba ABX Micros 60OT,Hb-C-AA) by comparison with venous blood Hb measured by two reference methods: POC autoanalyser (Hb-V-AA) and cyanmethemoglobin method (Hb-V-CM). These comparisons also allowed estimation of blood sample-related and equipment-related differences in the Hb estimates. We also conducted a longitudinal study in 426 participants (17–21 years) to measure differences in the Hb response to iron folate (IFA) treatment by the capillary blood POC method compared with the reference methods. In the cross-sectional study, Bland–Altman analyses showed trivial differences between source of blood (Hb-C-AAandHb-V-AA; mean difference, limits of agreement: 0·1, −0·8 to 1·0 g/dl) and between analytical methods (Hb-V-AAandHb-V-CM; mean difference, limits of agreement: < 0·1, −1·8 to 1·8 g/dl). Cross-sectional anaemia prevalence estimated usingHb-C-AAdid not differ significantly fromHb-V-CMorHb-V-AA. In the longitudinal study, the Hb increment in response to IFA intervention was not different when usingHb-C-AA(1·6 ± 1·7 g/dl) compared withHb-V-AA(1·7 ± 1·7 g/dl) andHb-V-CM(1·7 ± 1·7 g/dl). The pooled capillary blood–autoanalyzer method (Hb-C-AA) offers a practical and accurate way forward for POC screening of anaemia.
CAN FIGURES PERSUADE? ZEUGMA AS A FIGURE OF PERSUASION IN LATIN
Authors: Short William Michael
Published: November 2021

Use of rhetorical figures has been an element of persuasive speech at least since Gorgias of Leontini, for whom such deliberate deviations from ordinary literal language were a defining feature of what he called the ‘psychagogic art’. But must we consider figures of speech limited to an ornamental and merely stylistic function, as some ancient and still many modern theorists suggest? Not according to contemporary cognitive rhetoric, which proposes that figures of speech can play a fundamentally argumentative role in speech by evoking a level of shared meaning between speaker and listener, and simultaneously by affording the possibility of reorganizing this common ground. This paper argues that, in Latin literature, zeugma—the ‘linking together’ of two elements (usually nouns or prepositional phrases) with a third (usually a verb) that is semantically compatible with only one of them—can and very often does operate argumentatively, and that it does so by surfacing figurative relationships that normally remain below the conscious awareness of Latin speakers and by imparting a certain structure to these relationships. What very often motivates the selection of elements within zeugma—and what makes zeugma more than simply a stylistic device—are in fact metaphorical structures that are highly conventionalized in Latin's semantic system. In tapping into symbolic associations that are deeply entrenched in the language and thought of Latin speakers, zeugma therefore provided a ready-made device for constructing arguments in context.
Discussion of ‘Reply to “Uppermost Cambrian carbon chemostratigraphy: the HERB and undocumented TOCE events are not synonymous”’
Authors: Landing ED , Ripperdan Robert L. , Geyer Gerd
Published: November 2021

No basis for controversy exists in the naming of a global, strongly negative, uppermost Cambrian carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion. The HERB Event (HERB) has met the standards for chemostratigraphic units (i.e. consistent biostratigraphic brackets, content and concept) since 1992. By comparison, the TOCE excursion morphed through four temporally distinct δ13C events with spike-like nadirs that shifted temporally through the uppermost Cambrian until its synonymization with HERB (2006–12). In 2018, TOCE became a prolonged interval with very early onset and enveloped HERB – meaning five TOCE homonyms have been unambiguously defined and figured. HERB lies in the high-diversity ptychaspid biomere (trilobites) and below the ptychaspid extinction. But, data on it were used in TOCE’s 2006 proposal and in later iterations (2008, 2012) to show it (1) higher, both at and above the ptychaspid extinction; (2) at the level of HERB (2012, 2018); and (3) even extending well below HERB (2018). TOCE fails the recommendations for a formal chemostratigraphic unit. Its relationship to latest Cambrian biotic turnover includes equation with extinction and high-diversity intervals. One TOCE homonym is a synonym, albeit junior, of HERB.
The rate and pattern of otic epithelial migration: systematic review
Authors: Saniasiaya J , Prepageran N
Published: November 2021

Background

Epithelial migration has been associated with the self-cleansing mechanism of the ear. The rate and pattern of epithelial migration in healthy and pathological ears are reviewed.

Methods

Two authors independently screened articles over one month using the following search terms: epithelial migration, epithelial, tympanic membrane, external auditory canal and mastoidectomy cavity.

Results

Ten studies were included. The fastest rate of epithelial migration was observed in the external auditory canal, with a mean of 144.75 μm per day, whereas the slowest epithelial migration was seen in post-mastoidectomy cavities, with a rate of 20 μm per day. Epithelial migration was present in both studies involving post-mastoidectomy cavities.

Conclusion

Epithelial migration is faster in healthy tympanic membrane than in pathological tympanic membrane. The rate of epithelial migration in the external auditory canal was higher in the pathological group than in the healthy group. Epithelial migration is present in post-mastoidectomy cavities.
Probable extirpation of the hog deer from China: implications for conservation
Authors: Ding Chenchen , Liu Jie , Li Chunwang , Jiang Zhigang
Published: November 2021

The hog deer Axis porcinus formerly occurred in south-west China but has not been recorded there since 1965. To investigate the current status of the species in China, we conducted interviews, and transect and camera-trap surveys during October 2018–June 2020 to search for signs of hog deer across its historical range in the country. We interviewed 50 local inhabitants and surveyed 14 line transects in four counties of Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The camera traps were deployed in Nangunhe Nature Reserve (39.4 km of transects, 82 camera stations, 15,120 camera days) and Daxueshan Nature Reserve (41.1 km of transects, 68 camera stations, 13,554 camera days). We found no hog deer tracks and no hog deer were trapped by cameras. The floodplain grasslands preferred by hog deer along Nanting River have been transformed into agriculture plantations and human settlements. Our findings suggest that hog deer may have been extirpated from China, most likely as a result of habitat loss and overhunting. The conservation priorities for this species in China are the establishment of a protected area in the Nanting River watershed, restoration of habitat and reintroduction of individuals from range countries.
EXPLORING CROSSLINGUISTIC INFLUENCE IN GENDER MARKING IN SPANISH
Authors: Gudmestad Aarnes , Edmonds Amanda
Published: November 2021

In the current study, we examined the role of first-language (L1) influence on the additional-language development of grammatical gender marking in Spanish. The participants were L1 speakers of English or French (N = 215), who were learning Spanish and who were at three instructional levels. The data came from their use of gender marking in noun-modifier pairs in an argumentative essay. We adopted the unified methodological framework developed by Scott Jarvis and we applied insights from variationist second language acquisition to contribute to the discussion about whether learners’ L1 impacts variability in targetlike gender marking in additional-language Spanish. Specifically, we designed our study to investigate four types of evidence that Jarvis identified (intragroup homogeneity, intergroup heterogeneity, cross-language congruity, and intralingual contrasts), and we used variationist methods to account for other factors that are known to impact variable use of gender marking. The quantitative analyses supported each type of evidence, consequently demonstrating that these learners’ L1 influenced their variable use of gender marking in Spanish. We concluded by reflecting on the contributions that the current study has made to the understanding of gender marking in additional-language Spanish and to research on L1 influence more generally.
Continuous series of symmetric peak profile functions determined by standard deviation and kurtosis
Authors: Ida Takashi
Published: November 2021

A mathematical system for modeling the effects of symmetrized instrumental aberrations has been developed. The system is composed of the truncated Gaussian, sheared Gaussian, and Rosin-Rammler-type functions. The shape of the function can uniquely be determined by the standard deviation and kurtosis. A practical method to evaluate the convolution with the Lorentzian function and results of application to the analysis of experimental powder diffraction data are briefly described.
X-ray powder diffraction data for tetrazene nitrate monohydrate, C2H9N11O4
Authors: Maixner J. , Ryšavý J.
Published: November 2021

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for tetrazene nitrate monohydrate, C2H9N11O4, are reported [a = 5.205(1) Å, b = 13.932(3) Å, c = 14.196(4) Å, β = 97.826(3)°, unit-cell volume V = 1019.8(4) Å3, Z = 4, and space group P21/c]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21/c space group. No detectable impurities were observed.
RNA-extraction-free diagnostic method to detect SARS-CoV-2: an assessment from two states, India
Authors: Jayaprakasam Madhumathi , Aggarwal Sumit , Mane Arati , Saxena Vandana , Rao Amrita , Bandopadhyay Bhaswati , Chakraborty Banya , Guha Subhasish Kamal , Taraphdar Mekhala , Acharya Alisha , Gupta Bishal , Deb Sonia , Chowdhury Aparna , Singh Kh Jitenkumar , Tapase Prashant , Pandey Ravindra M. , Bhargava Balram , Panda Samiran
Published: November 2021

With increasing demand for large numbers of testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative protocols were developed with shortened turn-around time. We evaluated the performance of such a protocol wherein 1138 consecutive clinic attendees were enrolled; 584 and 554 respectively from two independent study sites in the cities of Pune and Kolkata. Paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by using both reference and index methods in a blinded fashion. Prior to conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction, swabs collected in viral transport medium (VTM) were processed for RNA extraction (reference method) and swabs collected in a dry tube without VTM were incubated in Tris–EDTA–proteinase K buffer for 30 min and heat-inactivated at 98 °C for 6 min (index method). Overall sensitivity and specificity of the index method were 78.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71–86) and 99% (95% CI 98–99.6), respectively. Agreement between the index and reference method was 96.8% (k= 0.83,s.e.= 0.03). The reference method exhibited an enhanced detection of viral genes (E, N and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) with lower Ct values compared to the index method. The index method can be used for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 infection with an appropriately chosen primer–probe set and heat treatment approach in pressing time; low sensitivity constrains its potential wider use.
Taming the Merge Operator
Authors: HUANG XUEJING , ZHAO JINXU , OLIVEIRA BRUNO C. D. S.
Published: November 2021

Calculi with disjoint intersection types support a symmetric merge operator with subtyping. The merge operator generalizes record concatenation to any type, enabling expressive forms of object composition, and simple solutions to hard modularity problems. Unfortunately, recent calculi with disjoint intersection types and the merge operator lack a (direct) operational semantics with expected properties such as determinism and subject reduction, and only account for terminating programs. This paper proposes a type-directed operational semantics (TDOS) for calculi with intersection types and a merge operator. We study two variants of calculi in the literature. The first calculus, called λ
i
, is a variant of a calculus presented by Oliveira et al. (2016) and closely related to another calculus by Dunfield (2014). Although Dunfield proposes a direct small-step semantics for her calculus, her semantics lacks both determinism and subject reduction. Using our TDOS, we obtain a direct semantics for λ
i
that has both properties. The second calculus, called λ
i

+
, employs the well-known subtyping relation of Barendregt, Coppo and Dezani-Ciancaglini (BCD). Therefore, λ
i

+
extends the more basic subtyping relation of λ
i
, and also adds support for record types and nested composition (which enables recursive composition of merged components). To fully obtain determinism, both λ
i
and λ
i

+
employ a disjointness restriction proposed in the original λ
i
calculus. As an added benefit the TDOS approach deals with recursion in a straightforward way, unlike previous calculi with disjoint intersection types where recursion is problematic. We relate the static and dynamic semantics of λ
i
to the original version of the calculus and the calculus by Dunfield. Furthermore, for λ
i

+
, we show a novel formulation of BCD subtyping, which is algorithmic, has a very simple proof of transitivity and allows for the modular addition of distributivity rules (i.e. without affecting other rules of subtyping). All results have been fully formalized in the Coq theorem prover.
Intake of ultra-processed foods is associated with inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Martins Glauciane Márcia dos Santos , França Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca , Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Marques Karla Danielle Silva , Santos Alcione Miranda dos , Batalha Mônica Araújo , Alves Janete Daniel de Alencar , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the association of the consumption of foods of the ultra-processed group (UPF) with inflammatory markers in the adolescent population in Northeastern Brazil.

Design:

A cross-sectional population-based study. Food consumption was evaluated using two 24-h dietary recalls using the NOVA classification for food processing levels. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the association between the percentage of UPF energy contribution and inflammatory markers.

Setting:

São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Participants:

The sample consisted of 391 male and female adolescents, aged from 17 to 18 years.

Results:

The average daily energy consumption by adolescents was 8032·9 kJ/d, of which 26·1 % originated from UPF. The upper tertile (T3) of UPF consumption presented higher intake of simple carbohydrates, lipids, saturated fat, and Na and lower protein intake. Individuals in T3 presented higher serum leptin and CRP levels (P < 0·05). Adolescents with UPF energy consumption ≥30·0 % (tertile 3 of UPF) had a 79 % (exp (0·58) = 1·79) increase in IL-8 levels when compared with adolescents in tertile 1 of UPF (P = 0·013).

Conclusions:

The association between the consumption of UPF, poor quality diet and pro-inflammatory markers have important harmful effects that can be observed as early as in adolescence.
Modeling and Reasoning in Event Calculus using Goal-Directed Constraint Answer Set Programming
Authors: ARIAS JOAQUÍN , CARRO MANUEL , CHEN ZHUO , GUPTA GOPAL
Published: November 2021

Automated commonsense reasoning (CR) is essential for building human-like AI systems featuring, for example, explainable AI. Event calculus (EC) is a family of formalisms that model CR with a sound, logical basis. Previous attempts to mechanize reasoning using EC faced difficulties in the treatment of the continuous change in dense domains (e.g. time and other physical quantities), constraints among variables, default negation, and the uniform application of different inference methods, among others. We propose the use of s(CASP), a query-driven, top-down execution model for Predicate Answer Set Programming with Constraints, to model and reason using EC. We show how EC scenarios can be naturally and directly encoded in s(CASP) and how it enables deductive and abductive reasoning tasks in domains featuring constraints involving both dense time and dense fluents.
An Asymptotic Analysis of Probabilistic Logic Programming, with Implications for Expressing Projective Families of Distributions
Authors: WEITKÄMPER FELIX Q.
Published: November 2021

Probabilistic logic programming is a major part of statistical relational artificial intelligence, where approaches from logic and probability are brought together to reason about and learn from relational domains in a setting of uncertainty. However, the behaviour of statistical relational representations across variable domain sizes is complex, and scaling inference and learning to large domains remains a significant challenge. In recent years, connections have emerged between domain size dependence, lifted inference and learning from sampled subpopulations. The asymptotic behaviour of statistical relational representations has come under scrutiny, and projectivity was investigated as the strongest form of domain size dependence, in which query marginals are completely independent of the domain size. In this contribution we show that every probabilistic logic program under the distribution semantics is asymptotically equivalent to an acyclic probabilistic logic program consisting only of determinate clauses over probabilistic facts. We conclude that every probabilistic logic program inducing a projective family of distributions is in fact everywhere equivalent to a program from this fragment, and we investigate the consequences for the projective families of distributions expressible by probabilistic logic programs.
From Atheists to Empiricists: Reinterpreting the Stoics in the German Enlightenment
Authors: Golf-French Morgan
Published: November 2021

From the 1670s Stoic philosophy had been closely associated with atheism and the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. However, in 1771 the historian Christoph Meiners published a short essay on the concept of apatheia that revived interest in Stoic philosophy within the German lands. Over the following years, he and his colleague Dieterich Tiedemann developed a novel interpretation claiming that Stoicism closely prefigured the philosophy of John Locke and represented a source of valuable philosophical ideas. Immanuel Kant, his allies, and later Idealists such as Hegel adopted this empiricist interpretation, despite their otherwise deep philosophical disagreements with Meiners and Tiedemann. Tracing eighteenth-century German debates around Stoicism reveals how it came to be considered a form of empiricism. As well as contributing to recent scholarship on the reception of Stoicism, the article suggests a major point of intersection between currents of the Enlightenment usually only treated separately.
Three days in December: Jewish human rights between the United Nations and the middle east in 1948
Authors: Loeffler James
Published: November 2021

The twin birth of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Genocide Convention in 1948 have received enormous scholarly attention in recent years. Yet historians have largely ignored how these legal projects intersected with that year’s war in Israel/Palestine. In this article, I push these two stories back into a single frame by examining the year-long efforts of one early human rights organization, the World Jewish Congress, to advance rights-claims on behalf of Middle Eastern Jewish communities imperiled by the regional repercussions of the war. The WJC’s record of activities affords us a direct window into contemporaneous activist understandings of the ties between the Holocaust and the Nakba, human rights and genocide, and international law and politics. More broadly, it reveals the intrinsic limits of early human rights advocacy in an emerging global system exclusively structured around nation states.
Regime and Sociology: A Comparative History of Sociology in Postwar Europe with Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Duller Matthias
Published: November 2021

Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this article presents a systematic comparison of differences in the institutional success of sociology in 25 European countries during the academic expansion from 1945 until the late 1960s. Combining context-sensitive national histories of sociology, concept formation, and formal analyses of necessary and sufficient conditions, the article searches for historical explanations for both successful and inhibited processes of the institutionalization of sociology. Concretely, it assesses the interplay of political regime types, the continuous presence of sociological prewar traditions, political Catholicism, and the effects of sociological communities in neighboring countries and how their various combinations are related to more or less well-established sociologies. The results can help explain adversary effects under democratic conditions as well as supportive factors under nondemocratic conditions.
DOS TEXTOS PROFÉTICO-APOCALÍPTICOS DEL SIGLO XIII: DE ANTICHRISTO QUI NATUS EST (1227) Y CEDRUS ALTA LIBANI (1240)
Authors: CARABIAS ORGAZ MIGUEL
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer un fragmento de códice reutilizado: fue originalmente un bifolio que contenía textos bíblicos y, sobre él, hacia la primera mitad del siglo XIII, se copiaron dos textos profético-apocalípticos. Uno de éstos, totalmente inédito, informa sobre el nacimiento del Anticristo. El otro texto es un testimonio desconocido de la profecía Cedrus alta Libani, seguramente muy cercano al arquetipo, que aporta datos novedosos de gran interés. Ofrecemos una descripción del manuscrito, centrando luego nuestra atención en el análisis de ambos textos, para ofrecer finalmente una transcripción y una reproducción fotográfica del documento.
THE POWER OF ORATORY: REREADING THE WHITBYLIBER BEATI GREGORII
Authors: CHAZELLE CELIA
Published: November 2021

This article offers a new perspective on the anonymousLiber beati et laudabilis viri Gregorii. The oldest extant life of Pope Gregory the Great, theLiberwas composed at the double monastery of Strænæshalch, conventionally known as Whitby, under Abbess Ælfflæd probably between ca. 704 and 714. A principal concern of my article is the function, within theLiber, of its report of Gregory's encounter with a group of Deiran Angles in Rome, and that story's relation to the emphasis throughout theLiberon orality: the transmission of knowledge miraculously from heaven and through earthly channels by means of speech and other sounds. TheLibersurvives in an early ninth-century redaction, part of St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 567 (pp. 75–110). After discussing some issues that pertain to the modern edition and translation made by Bertram Colgrave from this manuscript, I compare the legend of Gregory and the Deirans in theLiberwith the version in Bede'sEcclesiastical History. I then review the larger hagiographical narrative in which the Whitby author frames this episode, and I examine the story and other distinctive thematic as well as stylistic aspects of theLiberin the light of the following circumstances: seventh- to eighth-century regional developments that affected Whitby; conditions of teaching at this monastery, a major early English educational center; the documented interest at Whitby under Ælfflæd, as under her predecessor Hild, in heaven-inspired or miraculous forms of oratory; and liturgy and commemoration of the dead. Of interest for analyzing all these topics, but especially the last two mentioned, is Whitby's status as a female-led institution.
BAPTISMAL RENUNCIATION AND THE MORAL REFORM OF CHARLEMAGNE'S CHRISTIAN EMPIRE
Authors: LIU YIN
Published: November 2021

The renunciation of the devil in the rite of baptism appears in high frequency in baptismal expositions, royal capitularies, acts of church councils, and popular sermons during the later reign of Charlemagne. Close examination of these sources demonstrates a discourse of reform that centers on the proper life and conduct of Christians. In reply to Charlemagne's questions in his encyclical letter on baptism, authors of baptismal expositions commonly expounded baptismal renunciation as a symbol of Christians’ moral conversion. Charlemagne projected his deep solicitude for the life and conduct of ecclesiastics of his realm on the issue of the renunciation of the devil in two capitularies of 811. Archbishop Leidrad of Lyon elaborated his exposition on baptismal renunciation in his second letter of reply to Charlemagne on baptism, which preserves a sample of how an ecclesiastical leader responded to the emperor's reform concerns. Several popular sermons from the later reign of Charlemagne reveal how the moralistic discourse of the renunciation of the devil was disseminated to common Christians. Baptismal renunciation was part of the rhetoric of Charlemagne's empire, and various modes of communication that involved the agency of multiple parties made it a totalizing discourse of reform.
DNA Methylation of TXNIP Independently Associated with Inflammation and Diabetes Mellitus in Twins
Authors: Xiang Yijin , Wang Zeyuan , Hui Qin , Gwinn Marta , Vaccarino Viola , Sun Yan V.
Published: November 2021

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a key role in diabetes development and prognosis through its role in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death as well as in upregulating the inflammatory response in hyperglycemia. DNA methylation (DNAm) of TXNIP (TXNIP-cg19693031) is associated with the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, its role in inflammation and its relationship with T2D remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the epigenetic associations of TXNIP-cg19693031 with a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and to examine whether these inflammatory biomarkers modify the association between TXNIP-cg19693031 methylation and diabetes in 218 middle-aged male twins from the Emory Twin Study. We confirmed the association of TXNIP-cg19693031 DNAm with T2D, as well as with HbA1c, insulin and fasting glucose. We found that hypomethylation at TXNIP-cg19693031 is strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MMP-2, sRAGE and P-selectin); however, the relationship between TXNIP-cg19693031 and T2D is independent of the levels of these inflammatory biomarkers. Our results suggest that DNA methylation of TXNIP is linked with multiple biological processes, through which the TXNIP may have broad influence on chronic disease risk.
Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) resistant to PSI-inhibiting herbicides and physiological responses to paraquat
Authors: Leal Jéssica F. L. , Souza Amanda dos S. , Borella Junior , Araujo André Lucas S. , Langaro Ana Claudia , Chapeta Ana Carolina , Amorim Eduardo S. , Silva Gabriela S. , Morran Sarah , Zobiole Luiz Henrique S. , Gaines Todd A. , de Pinho Camila F.
Published: November 2021

Herbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of herbicide-resistant weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibiting herbicides (diquat) and physiological response to paraquat application in Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker; syn.: Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.]. The research was conducted with two C. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose–response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose–response assay confirmed resistance of C. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. Accumulation of H2O2 occurred more rapidly in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant one. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 h after application (HAA). Chl a fluorescence increased across the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA, the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants, while the susceptible biotype died, confirming resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows rapid recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.
Is “Constitutional Veneration” an Obstacle to Constitutional Amendment?
Authors: Dawes Christopher T. , Zink James R.
Published: November 2021

Some constitutional scholars suggest that the US Constitution stands as one of the oldest yet least changed national constitutions in part because Americans’ tendency to “revere” the Constitution has left them unwilling to consider significant changes to the document. Several recent studies support aspects of this claim, but no study establishes a direct link between individuals’ respect for the Constitution and their reluctance to amend it. To address this, we replicate and extend the research design of Zink and Dawes (2016) across two survey experiments. The key difference in our experiments is we include measures of respondents’ propensity to revere the Constitution, which in turn allows us to more directly test whether constitutional veneration translates into resistance to amendment. Our results build on Zink and Dawes’s findings and show that, in addition to institutional factors, citizens’ veneration of the Constitution can act as a psychological obstacle to constitutional amendment.
Impacts of Different Causes on the Inter‐Hemispheric Asymmetry of Ionosphere‐Thermosphere System at Mid‐ and High‐Latitudes: GITM Simulations
Authors: Hong Yu , Deng Yue , Zhu Qingyu , Maute Astrid , Sheng Cheng , Welling Daniel , Lopez Ramon
Published: November 2021

In this study, the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model is utilized to investigate the inter‐hemispheric asymmetry in the ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) system at mid‐ and high‐latitudes (|geographic latitude| > 45°) associated with inter‐hemispheric differences in (a) the solar irradiance, (b) geomagnetic field, and (c) magnetospheric forcing under moderate geomagnetic conditions. Specifically, we have quantified the relative significance of the above three causes to the inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the spatially weighted averaged E‐region electron density, F‐region neutral mass density, and horizontal neutral wind along with the hemispheric‐integrated Joule heating. Further, an asymmetry index defined as the percentage differences of these four quantities between the northern and southern hemispheres (|geographic latitude| > 45°) was calculated. It is found that: (a) The difference of the solar extreme ulutraviolet (EUV) irradiance plays a dominant role in causing inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the four examined I‐T quantities. Typically, the asymmetry index for the E‐region electron density and integrated Joule heating at solstices with F10.7 = 150 sfu can reach 92.97% and 38.25%, respectively. (b) The asymmetric geomagnetic field can result in a strong daily variation of inter‐hemispheric asymmetries in the F‐region neutral wind and hemispheric‐integrated Joule heating over geographic coordinates. Their amplitude of asymmetry indices can be as large as 20.81% and 42.52%, which can be comparable to the solar EUV irradiance effect. (c) The contributions of the asymmetric magnetospheric forcing, including particle precipitation and ion convection pattern, can cause the asymmetry of integrated Joule heating as significant as 28.43% and 34.72%, respectively, which can be even stronger than other causes when the geomagnetic activity is intense.