bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling intracranial electrodes
Authors: Blenkmann Alejandro , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Larsson Pål Gunnar , Knight Robert T. , Endestad Tor
Published: April 2021

Background

Intracranial electrodes are implanted in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy as part of their pre-surgical evaluation. This allows investigation of normal and pathological brain functions with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. The spatial resolution relies on methods that precisely localize the implanted electrodes in the cerebral cortex, which is critical for drawing valid anatomical inferences about brain function.

Multiple methods have been developed to localize implanted electrodes, mainly relying on pre-implantation MRI and post-implantation CT images. However, there is no standard approach to quantify the performance of these methods systematically.

The purpose of our work is to model intracranial electrodes to simulate realistic implantation scenarios, thereby providing methods to optimize localization algorithm performance.

Results

We implemented novel methods to model the coordinates of implanted grids, strips, and depth electrodes, as well as the CT artifacts produced by these.

We successfully modeled a large number of realistic implantation“scenarios”, including different sizes, inter-electrode distances, and brain areas. In total, more than 3300 grids and strips were fitted over the brain surface, and more than 850 depth electrode arrays penetrating the cortical tissue were modeled. More than 37000 simulations of electrode array CT artifacts were performed in these“scenarios”, mimicking the intensity profile and orientation of real artifactual voxels. Realistic artifacts were simulated by introducing different noise levels, as well as overlapping electrodes.

Conclusions

We successfully developed the first platform to model implanted intracranial grids, strips, and depth electrodes and realistically simulate CT artifacts and noise.

These methods set the basis for developing more complex models, while simulations allow the performance evaluation of electrode localization techniques systematically.

The methods described in this article, and the results obtained from the simulations, are freely available via open repositories. A graphical user interface implementation is also accessible via the open-source iElectrodes toolbox.
Regulation of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 3 (LAMP3) in Lung Epithelial Cells by Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1/2) and Type I Interferon Signaling
Authors: Ramana Chilakamarti V.
Published: April 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity in critical care hospitals around the world. Lung epithelial type II cells play a major role in several physiological processes, including recognition and clearance of respiratory viruses as well as repair of lung injury in response to environmental toxicants. Gene expression profiling of lung epithelial type II-specific genes led to the identification of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3). Intracellular locations of LAMP3 include plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes. These intracellular organelles are involved in vesicular transport and facilitate viral entry and release of the viral RNA into the host cell cytoplasm. In this study, regulation of LAMP3 expression in human lung epithelial cells by several respiratory viruses and type I interferon signaling was investigated. Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 significantly induced LAMP3 expression in lung epithelial cells within 24 hours after infection that required the presence of ACE2 viral entry receptor. Time-course experiments revealed that the induced expression of LAMP3 by SARS-CoV-2 was correlated with the induced expression of interferon-beta1 (IFNB1) and signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mRNA levels. LAMP3 was also induced by direct IFN-beta treatment or by infection with influenza virus lacking the non-structural protein1(NS1) in NHBE bronchial epithelial cells. LAMP3 expression was induced in human lung epithelial cells by several respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3). Location in lysosomes and endosomes as well as induction by respiratory viruses and type I Interferon suggests that LAMP3 may have an important role in inter-organellar regulation of innate immunity and a potential target for therapeutic modulation in health and disease. Furthermore, bioinformatics revealed that a subset of lung type II cell genes were differentially regulated in the lungs of COVID-19 patients.
Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment in influenza virus infected obese mice
Authors: Honce Rebekah , Jones Jeremy , Livingston Brandi , Estrada Leonardo D. , Wang Lindsey , Caulfield William , Freeman Burgess , Govorkova Elena , Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: April 2021

Obesity has been epidemiologically and empirically linked with more severe disease upon influenza infection. To ameliorate severe disease, treatment with antivirals, such as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, are suggested to begin within days of infection, especially in hosts at higher risk for poor outcomes. However, this treatment is often poorly effective and can generate resistance variants within the treated host. Here, we hypothesized that oseltamivir treatment would not be effective in genetically obese mice and would generate a more diverse and drug resistant viral population. We demonstrated that oseltamivir treatment does not improve viral clearance in obese mice. While no traditional variants associated with oseltamivir resistance emerged, we did note that drug treatment failed to quench the viral population and did lead to phenotypic drug resistancein vitro.Mechanistically, we demonstrate the blunted interferon response in obese hosts may be contributing to treatment failure, as type I interferon receptor deficient mice also fail to clear influenza virus infection upon oseltamivir administration. Together, these studies suggest that the unique pathogenesis and immune responses in obese mice could have implications for pharmaceutical interventions and the within-host dynamics of the influenza virus population.

IMPORTANCE

Influenza virus infections, while typically resolving within days to weeks, can turn critical especially in high-risk populations. Prompt antiviral administration is crucial to mitigating these severe sequalae, yet concerns remain if antiviral treatment is effective in hosts with obesity. Here, we show that oseltamivir does not improve viral clearance in genetically obese or type I IFN receptor-deficient mice and increases the genetic entropy of the within-host viral population. This suggests a blunted immune response may impair oseltamivir efficacy and render a host more susceptible to severe disease. This study furthers our understanding of oseltamivir treatment dynamics both systemically and in the lungs of obese mice, as well as the consequences of oseltamivir treatment for the within-host emergence of drug-resistant variants.
Regulation of layered T cell tolerance mechanisms by the NR4A family is essential to preserve immune homeostasis and suppress autoimmunity
Authors: Hiwa Ryosuke , Nielsen Hailyn V. , Mueller James L. , Zikherman Julie
Published: April 2021

The NR4A family of orphan nuclear receptors (Nr4a1-3) plays redundant roles upstream ofFoxp3to establish and maintain Treg identity; deletion of multiple family members in the thymus results in Treg deficiency and a severe inflammatory disease. Consequently, it has been challenging to isolate the functions of this family in other immune cells. Here we take advantage of a competitive bone marrow chimera strategy, coupled with conditional genetic tools, to rescue Treg homeostasis and unmask such functions. Unexpectedly, chimeras harboringNr4a1−/−Nr4a3−/−(DKO) bone marrow develop autoantibodies and a systemic inflammatory disease despite a replete Treg compartment of largely wild-type origin. This disease differs qualitatively from that seen with Treg-deficiency and is B cell-extrinsic. Negative selection of DKO thymocytes is profoundly impaired in a cell-intrinsic manner. Consistent with escape of self-reactive T cells into the periphery, DKO T cells with functional and phenotypic features of anergy accumulate in chimeric mice. Despite this, DKO T cells exhibit enhanced IL-2 production, implying a cell-intrinsic role for the NR4A family in peripheral T cell tolerance. These studies reveal roles for the NR4A family in multiple layered T cell tolerance mechanisms and demonstrate that each is essential to preserve immune homeostasis.
Key motivations for leading Facebook communities: a uses and gratifications approach
Authors: Gazit Tali
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Facebook community leaders, often nonprofessionals who make a personal decision to create and manage online spaces, are becoming key players on social media sites. Using the theoretical framework of the uses and gratifications theory, this paper reveals the motivations of these individuals who are responsible for the community's information flow, limits and members' well-being. While some studies have begun acknowledging community leaders' important role in the social media, very little is known about their motivations for creating and leading the communities, often voluntarily.

Design/methodology/approach

Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, data were collected through a survey of 94 Facebook community leaders about their motivations for creating and leading their communities.

Findings

The content analysis of the open-ended question reveals that leaders are motivated to create communities to satisfy informational needs, social needs and individual interests. A factor analysis shows five distinct motivations for leading: social, personal, influence, efficacy and community goals. Finally, a hierarchical regression indicates that extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, time spent per day and being the creator of the community can predict the level of motivation to lead the Facebook community.

Originality/value

As more and more organizations use online communities, the findings of this study may provide insights into leaders' motivations that can help organizations select their community leaders. This study expands on current research about a popular communication tool, Facebook communities, by examining it within the context of the unique role of online leadership in the social media environment.
Language constraints in hotel attributes and consumers' offendedness associated with behavioral intentions
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , Chen Xianglan , Siddiqi Umar Iqbal , Zeng Guojun , Islam Tahir
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To address critical research gaps in the extant literature, the present study develops a model that links language constraints in hotel attributes—core and facilitating––with consumers' offendedness (CO) and examines the consequent behavioral intentions of an offended consumer. For this purpose, it investigates (1) the role of language constraints in core and facilitating attributes in shaping CO, (2) how CO relates to adverse behavioral outcomes and (3) the moderating role of attribution of service failure (ASF) between language constraints and CO.

Design/methodology/approach

The present research used convenience sampling and collected data from 398 inbound tourists in Beijing through a survey questionnaire. The study performs measurement and structural evaluation by employing Amos Graphics 24.0 and moderation analysis through IBM SPSS 25.0.

Findings

The study examines language constraints in China's hospitality context, which restricts its generalizability. However, it serves as a better approach to examine the tourists who visit other Western hotels in China and unveils the factors contributing to CO.

Research limitations/implications

The study examines language constraints in Chinese hotels, which restrict its generalizability. It serves as a better approach to examine the tourists who visit other Western hotels in China and unveils the factors contributing to CO.

Originality/value

Few studies validate communication barriers in service encounters in hotel services and apprehend related outcomes. The present study takes a unique initiative in the context of China and examines the role of language constraints in core and facilitating hotel attributes in service encounters at Chinese hotels. This study informs the Chinese hotel industry and international destination firms to understand the language constraints in service encounters to further their strategies to overcome threats and tap potential opportunities.
Simulation-based service walkthrough (SBSW) to assess airport environment performance
Authors: Caglayan Irem , Afacan Yasemin
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The increasing number of older passengers is resulted in a growing significance of international senior tourism industry. In today's competitive airport environments, improving the airport service performance (ASP) for older passengers is crucial to take an important place in the market. ASP design has been in the focal point of many researchers and airport stakeholders. However, the service performance evaluation regarding airport architectural design and use of older passengers have been mostly underrated.

Design/methodology/approach

The study focused on ASP evaluation of architectural building elements. The proposed simulation-based service walkthrough (SBSW) was applied in a case airport building in Istanbul. Experts performed landside passenger activities to evaluate its ASP with a given walkthrough instruction. An empathic tool, GERonTologic age simulation (GERT) suit, was used to experience the physical limitations of older passengers during the experiment.

Findings

Results showed that SBSW positively influenced experts' evaluation of ASP, where higher service problems were obtained. The GERT suit created a significant difference, where lower ASP scores and higher perceived empathy were observed within the group with the GERT suit. The study concluded that the proposed ASP criteria and SBSW could provide a useful research framework during service design of age-friendly airports.

Originality/value

The study addressed a novel area of enquiry by proposing a new set of ASP criteria for older passengers considering the airport architectural design and evaluating these criteria through a new empathic approach “SBSW”.
Attack detection in medical Internet of things using optimized deep learning: enhanced security in healthcare sector
Authors: Aruna Santhi J , Vijaya Saradhi T
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This paper tactics to implement the attack detection in medical Internet of things (IoT) devices using improved deep learning architecture for accomplishing the concept bring your own device (BYOD). Here, a simulation-based hospital environment is modeled where many IoT devices or medical equipment are communicated with each other. The node or the device, which is creating the attack are recognized with the support of attribute collection. The dataset pertaining to the attack detection in medical IoT is gathered from each node that is considered as features. These features are subjected to a deep belief network (DBN), which is a part of deep learning algorithm. Despite the existing DBN, the number of hidden neurons of DBN is tuned or optimized correctly with the help of a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm by merging grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) and spider monkey optimization (SMO) in order to enhance the accuracy of detection. The hybrid algorithm is termed as local leader phase-based GOA (LLP-GOA). The DBN is used to train the nodes by creating the data library with attack details, thus maintaining accurate detection during testing.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has presented novel attack detection in medical IoT devices using improved deep learning architecture as BYOD. With this, this paper aims to show the high convergence and better performance in detecting attacks in the hospital network.

Findings

From the analysis, the overall performance analysis of the proposed LLP-GOA-based DBN in terms of accuracy was 0.25% better than particle swarm optimization (PSO)-DBN, 0.15% enhanced than grey wolf algorithm (GWO)-DBN, 0.26% enhanced than SMO-DBN and 0.43% enhanced than GOA-DBN. Similarly, the accuracy of the proposed LLP-GOA-DBN model was 13% better than support vector machine (SVM), 5.4% enhanced than k-nearest neighbor (KNN), 8.7% finer than neural network (NN) and 3.5% enhanced than DBN.

Originality/value

This paper adopts a hybrid algorithm termed as LLP-GOA for the accurate detection of attacks in medical IoT for improving the enhanced security in healthcare sector using the optimized deep learning. This is the first work which utilizes LLP-GOA algorithm for improving the performance of DBN for enhancing the security in the healthcare sector.
The stakeholders' perspective on the factors contributing to construction disputes
Authors: Cakmak Pinar Irlayici
Published: April 2021

Purpose

While a considerable amount of research has been conducted on construction disputes, disputes remain prevalent in the construction industry and have still been a crucial problem in the Turkish construction industry as well. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of different stakeholders on key factors that contribute to construction disputes by adopting a qualitative approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative approach adopted for the study provided gathering in-depth and rich information about the topic. To explore the phenomenon in-depth information, semi-structured interviews were conducted. A total of 38 interviews were conducted among experts and practitioners who engaged in construction disputes.

Findings

Content analysis of interview data resulted in the emergence of varying categories relevant to the problems which result in construction disputes. By grouping related themes into main categories, the analysis yielded five major ones: clarity of the contract form, errors in contract documents, payments, changes, delays and not granting extension of time.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitations are having interviewees from one country and results limited to the Turkish construction industry.

Practical implications

The findings provide insight on the factors contributing to construction disputes as perceived by different stakeholders, which should provide guidance to determine the associated risks for dispute occurrence, make effort to mitigate disputes once they happen, take proper precautions for minimizing the effects and after all make a significant contribution in the successful accomplishment of completed construction projects.

Originality/value

The findings of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to construction disputes through a qualitative approach which is limited in the related literature. Although the qualitative exploration only focuses on the Turkish construction industry, the study has added significantly to the body of knowledge within the subject area.
The impact of investment projects on the traditional architectural identity of Basra city
Authors: Al-Tameemi Khaldoon Shehab , Samir Hamed H.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the reason(s) behind the ongoing fadedness of the traditional architectural identity of Basra city. This is because, Basra has long been known for its traditional architectural identity over the last centuries. However, this traditional identity has significantly faded given the modernisation process that happened and is continuing to happen, especially, after the 2003 war which prompted an increase in investment projects in the city. This observation has led the researchers to hypothesise that one of the main reasons behind the continuing fadedness of this traditional identity is the lack of effective design approval process (DAP) that evaluates submitted investment projects design for its inclusion for the heritage of the city. Thus, the aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis.

Design/methodology/approach

The case study research methodology is used to solicit the relevant data necessary for effectively testing this hypothesis. Four key organisations are studied and semi-structured interview, observations and documentation analysis are used as main data collection methods.

Findings

The result has revealed a clear lack in the current DAP. It has been evident that the technical evaluation guidelines lack the necessary criteria that can be used to check if Basra's traditional architectural identity is reflected in the submitted design for proposed investment projects in the city.

Originality/value

This finding can help relevant governmental agencies understand the reason behind the disappearance of Basra architectural identity and build on efforts to improve their technical evaluation guideline to address this issue.
Versatility in sustainable building design (SBD) practices: an empirical study
Authors: Gharehbaghi Koorosh , Georgy Maged , Robson Kathryn Mary , Wilkinson Sara , Farnes Ken
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Through an empirical study, this research proposes a multi-dimensional assessment method for Sustainable Building Design (SBD). This approach is adopted to investigate and evaluate the current practices of SBD and to provide a basis for refining such processes while reducing existing shortfalls. In doing so, a holistic sustainable framework for rating the sustainable performance of buildings is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the aforementioned purpose, this research (1) investigates the most current trends in SBD including the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM); (2) examines the practical issues of SBD; (3) proposes a multi-dimensional assessment method; and (4) compares 18 separate case studies in the three countries of Australia, United Kingdom and USA, as part of the SBD implementation. To compare these case studies, an additional SBD tool, Green Building Rating and Certification System (GBELS) was carefully selected and applied. Five core values of SBD were identified based on functionality, accessibility and productivity, which align with the GBELS outcomes.

Findings

This research found that, for the 18 examined buildings, the main issues in SBD in the three countries concerned environmental and ecological issues. These included the impacts of buildings on the environment, as well as issues concerning the buildings' life cycle analysis and assessment. It was also determined that energy usage, pollution reduction and climate change concerns were important inclusions in establishing these buildings, particularly in the USA.

Originality/value

To support the research aim, this paper explores the most innovative trends in SBD assessments including their Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), grade (stars) classification, Relative Weight (RW) and particularly GBELS. GBELS was selected for this research, since it is relatively new and there is little available literature discussing its adaptation. Accordingly, this research further evaluates the application of GBELS as a part of versatility in SBD multi-dimensional assessment method. As the basis of these tests, a total of 18 separate case studies are closely evaluated.
A case for a virtual STEM peer-mentoring experience for racial and ethnic minority women mentees
Authors: Rockinson-Szapkiw Amanda , Herring Watson Jessica , Gishbaugher Jackie , Wendt Jillian L.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

While previous research has examined the effectiveness of peer mentoring from the mentee's perspective, more research is needed to uncover how and why the interplay of the peer-mentoring relationship in a virtual format, especially for racial and ethnic minority (REM) women in historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) seeking a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) degree, impacts STEM success. This study seeks to address weaknesses in the mentoring literature by presenting a thorough and thick description of the peer mentoring experience for REM women in HBCU pursuing STEM degrees.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-site case study approach (Yin, 2014) was employed to explore to what extent, if at all, and how did participating in the virtual STEM peer-mentoring experience influence peer mentees' STEM beliefs, interests, skills and behaviors.

Findings

Findings demonstrated that the experiences of undergraduate REM women mentees supported engagement in virtual STEM peer mentoring as it was beneficial to developing a sense of belonging, enhancing interest in STEM, encouraging STEM identity, building STEM self-efficacy and, ultimately, promoting STEM persistence. The current study provides a rich picture of how and why peer mentoring is perceived as effective by mentees in STEM programs at HBCUs.

Originality/value

The findings from this study contribute greatly to the body of knowledge and will serve as a foundational model on which future VSTEM PM relationships can be built and fostered among other HBCUs, with the potential to broaden participation in STEM.
What drives the performance of different bank-ownership types in Indonesia? The pre- and post-GFC analysis
Authors: Atahau Apriani Dorkas Rambu , Cronje Tom
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The Indonesian banks play crucial roles in the economy, especially because of less developed bond and stock markets. It has undergone drastic changes in bank-ownership composition over time. This paper aims to analyze the impact of bank-specific characteristics on the performance of different bank-ownership types in Indonesia to determine whether their profitability drivers differ.

Design/methodology/approach

Fixed-effect panel data regression is applied to 1,649 bank-year observations (97 banks throughout 2003–2019). It encompasses the pre- and post-global financial crisis (GFC) period.

Findings

The findings show that age, liquidity, equity and credit risk are significant determinants of bank performance. The significance of these effects differs for each bank-ownership type and show changes between the pre-GFC and post-GFC periods.

Research limitations/implications

Notwithstanding the merit of this paper, the results are not without limitations. This paper only focuses on one country. Furthermore, the prominence of banks relative to bond and stock markets with consideration of the GDP of countries may result in different findings

Practical implications

These findings provide the owners and managers of banks with information that can be applied to compare and assess own bank drivers and performance to enhance their own efficiency. The findings also inform bank authorities and regulators about differences in performance drivers that could be considered in changes to policies aimed at improving the performance of different bank-ownership types.

Originality/value

This paper is a pioneer study that focuses on the drivers of bank performance for different ownership types during the pre- and post-GFC periods in a country where the financial market is overall small and bank credits dominate capital supply.
Efficacy beliefs and employee voice: the role of perceived influence and manager openness
Authors: Prince R. , Rao M.K.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore how and when an employee's belief in their voice self-efficacy leads to promotive and prohibitive voice behavior. By banking on social cognitive theory, this study examines perceived influence at work as a mediator and managerial openness as a moderator in the link between voice self-efficacy and the two forms of voice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study's data come from 285 Indian information technology (IT) employees by adopting a cross-sectional survey design. The effect of moderator and mediator is examined by employing structural equation modeling in AMOS 22.

Findings

The results reveal that perceived influence at work partially mediates the positive link between voice self-efficacy and the two forms of voice behaviors. The test of moderation also exposes that prohibitive voice is more contingent on managerial openness as compared to promotive voice.

Originality/value

This is one of the initial studies to explore perceived influence at work as a mediator in the association between voice self-efficacy and employee voice behavior. The treatment of voice as a bidimensional construct in this study discloses the difference between the two forms, contributing to the voice literature and inviting further research.
Interactions between Japan's “weaponized interdependence” and Korea's responses: “decoupling from Japan” vs. “decoupling from Japanese firms”
Authors: Kim Yang-Hee
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This paper aims at exploring the interactions between Japan's export curbs against Korea, dubbed as “weaponized interdependence,” and Korea's decoupling from Japan' phenomenon in response. Thereby, it sheds light on the characteristics of the semiconductor industry, where the two economies' effective division of labor takes place. In addition, it attempts to typology the “decoupling from Japan” into two types. Furthermore, it deals with the political-economic implications of bilateral trade disputes and projects in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper segregates the economic concept of “decoupling” into “decoupling from Japan” and “decoupling from Japanese firms” to better analyze the related phenomenon that occurred in Korea in response to the Japanese government's export restrictions in 2019. Along with it, the paper attempts to observe the trade dispute between Korea-Japan from a political-economic point of view.

Findings

The main findings are: First, Korea's decoupling from Japan' does not necessarily mean “decoupling from Japanese firms”. When Korean firms had to decouple from Japan due to non-economic factors, some has circumvented the decoupling to maintain economic ties with Japanese firms in the market, stemming from long-term transaction relationships in the semiconductor industry. Second, the two countries were confronted in a modest manner, even though they seemed to be fighting like a fierce tit-for-tat chicken game as those economies are interdependent with one another. Hence, both put effort to avoid sober damages or disruptive results on two economies and the global semiconductor supply chain.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is to typologize the characteristics of “decoupling from Japan” in Korea by segregating it into two types of decoupling. On the other hand, other previous studies appeal to focus on the decoupling phenomenon per se and are interested in its potential for success.
Gender issues in family business research: A bibliometric scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Nguyen Huyen Thanh Thanh , Le Tam-Tri , Luong Anh-Phuong , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The current review aims to examine the growth trajectory, most influential documents, intellectual and conceptual structure of the literature regarding gender issues in family business research.

Design/methodology/approach

The bibliometric analysis was performed using 224 documents from 1991 to 2020 extracted from the Web of Science database.

Findings

The review finds that this field's knowledge grew exponentially during the last three decades, mainly after 2003 and the last several years. Based on the co-citation analysis, three major research lines are identified: “Women's challenges and opportunities in the family business”, “Gender diversity in the family business corporate board”, and “Gender and family SMEs management.” The temporal co-word analysis reveals that “Gender diversity in the family business corporate board” is the latest research line.

Originality/value

By reviewing prominent cited references and documents that cited them, the authors provide the landscapes and research gaps of three major research lines for further development.
Understanding the role of big data analytics for coordination of electronic retail service supply chain
Authors: Wang Fatao , Wu Di , Yu Hongxin , Shen Huaxia , Zhao Yuanjun
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Based on the typical service supply chain (SSC) structure, the authors construct the model of e-tailing SSC to explore the coordination relationship in the supply chain, and big data analysis provides realistic possibilities for the creation of coordination mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

At the present stage, the e-commerce companies have not yet established a mature SSC system and have not achieved good synergy with other members of the supply chain, the shortage of goods and the greater pressure of express logistics companies coexist. In the case of uncertain online shopping market demand, the authors employ newsboy model, applied in the operations research, to analyze the synergistic mechanism of SSC model.

Findings

By analyzing the e-tailing SSC coordination mechanism and adjusting relevant parameters, the authors find that the synergy mechanism can be implemented and optimized. Through numerical example analysis, the authors confirmed the feasibility of the above analysis.

Originality/value

Big data analysis provides a kind of reality for the establishment of online SSC coordination mechanism. The establishment of an online supply chain coordination mechanism can effectively promote the efficient allocation of supplies and better meet consumers' needs.
Working effectively and living contentedly in a foreign country: what human capital do expatriates require and develop?
Authors: Valk Reimara
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the human capital (HC) expatriates require and develop during an international assignment (IA) to work effectively and live contentedly in a host country.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative research entailing interviews with 78 expatriates and repatriates across the globe, investigating the competencies they developed and the HC they gained during their IAs.

Findings

Five interrelated competence clusters were derived: cultural competence (CC); interpersonal competence; intrapersonal competence; global business competence; global leadership competence, each containing competencies crucial for expatriate success.

Research limitations/implications

This study relied on self-reports by expatriates and repatriates. Future research should also include senior/line managers and chief human resource officers from a range of organizations across the world to gather their assessments on the competencies and HC of expatriates and repatriates.

Practical implications

Line/HR managers can use the designed “Expatriate/Repatriate Human Capital model” to assess an individual's overall readiness and capacity to perform effectively in a foreign country and culture and consecutively identify and select the right candidates to undertake IAs.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature by presenting a HC model called the “Expatriate and Repatriate Human Capital Model; the body of competence”. The model identifies and defines the competencies/knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAOs) required for intercultural effectiveness and expatriate success and serves as a tool for the selection, training, development and performance evaluation of expatriates and repatriates, in order to aid the accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives.
The influence of symbolic and instrumental attributes of employer image on perceived industry attractiveness: differences between business owners and employees
Authors: Schwaiger Katrin , Zehrer Anita , Spiess Teresa
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study determines the influence of employer image on industry attractiveness in small and medium-sized hospitality firms by using the instrumental-symbolic framework adapted from marketing literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 405 employees and 429 family firm owners in Bavaria were surveyed using a quantitative research design. The authors used linear and hierarchical multiple regression analyses for hypothesis testing using the variables included in the instrumental-symbolic employer image framework.

Findings

The study revealed differences in perception between employees and owners. Data showed that employees' ratings for instrumental attributes, such as job security and income options, and symbolic attributes, such as industry attractiveness, significantly differ from those of owners. Consistent with the instrumental-symbolic framework, owners' perceptions of symbolic attributes predicted their perceived industry attractiveness.

Practical implications

Owners may examine how their industry's image needs to be changed to gain positive perception by current and potential employees. Policymakers may benefit from the study’s results that may help them find the right focal points for strategies in promoting Bavaria's hospitality sector. As a result, an adequate and positive image is created that attracts workers for this sector.

Originality/value

The study addresses the rather under-researched stakeholder group of existing hospitality employees, particularly with respect to employer image. Furthermore, owners and employees are compared, regardless of their individually different relationships to the business. Employer image is connected with overall perceived industry attractiveness, stating that the industry comprises individual employing businesses and thus depends on employer image.
A relational analysis of drivers and barriers of lean manufacturing
Authors: Patel Bharat Singh , Sambasivan Murali , Panimalar R. , Hari Krishna R.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to categorize and analyse the drivers and barriers of Lean Manufacturing (LM) and subsequently, based on the structural model develop a house of lean management which will give an idea to the academicians and practitioners about the factors that are critical to implement lean practices in an organization.

Design/methodology/approach

A list of drivers and barriers was prepared based on the literature review and opinions from experts. Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) was utilized to build a structural hierarchy of the drivers and barriers of LM. The structural hierarchy was utilized to build the house of lean management.

Findings

Based on the hierarchy developed, the elements (drivers and barriers) of LM are classified into three groups: bottom-level, middle-level and top-level elements. To develop a house of lean management, bottom-level of elements were considered as a foundation, middle-level elements were considered as pillars and top-level elements were considered as a beam. Finally, foundation, pillars and beam of the house were used to support the roof (which is value to customers and profitability to firm).

Practical implications

The outcome of this research can assist researchers as well as practitioners to enhance the significant drivers and to reduce the impact of hazardous barriers for the better implementation of lean practices.

Originality/value

This research is a novel approach, as it visibly demonstrates both the drivers and barriers, examines the interrelationships among them in order and shows them pictorially as the house of lean management.
The Purr‐fect Catch: Using accelerometers and audio recorders to document kill rates and hunting behaviour of a small prey specialist
Authors: Studd Emily K. , Derbyshire Rachael E. , Menzies Allyson K. , Simms John F. , Humphries Murray M. , Murray Dennis L. , Boutin Stan
Published: April 2021

Characterizing variation in predator behaviour and, specifically, quantifying kill rates is fundamental for parameterizing predator–prey and food web models. Yet, current methods for recording kill rates of free‐ranging predators, particularly those that consume small‐bodied (<2 kg) prey, present a number of associated challenges.

In this paper, we deployed custom‐adapted acoustic recorders and tri‐axial accelerometers on free‐ranging Canada lynx Lynx canadensis to assess the capacity of biologging devices to continuously document individual hunting behaviour, including prey selection and kill rates, on a predator that specializes on prey weighing <2 kg.

Automated classification of acoustic recordings captured 87% of snowshoe hare kills that were identified through snow‐tracking (26 of 31 kills). Classification of detailed acceleration recordings summarized over minutes, instead of seconds, captured consumption of snowshoe hare Lepus americanus, but not smaller species, at high accuracy (F1 = 0.96).

By summarizing acoustic and accelerometer data from free‐ranging lynx, we demonstrate the capacity of these devices to document within‐ and between‐individual variation in diet composition (ranging from 40% to 80% snowshoe hares) and daily feeding bouts (ranging from 0 to 3.5 bouts per day).

We suggest that acoustic recorders provide a promising method for characterizing several aspects of predator hunting behaviour including prey selection and chase outcomes, while broad‐scale accelerometer‐based behavioural classifications provide hare kill rates and fine‐scale non‐hunting behavioural information. Combined, the two technologies provide a means to remotely document both kills and feeding events of small‐bodied prey, allowing for individual‐based exploration of functional responses, predator–prey interactions and food web dynamics at temporal scales relevant to environmental change.
Interphysician weight bias: A cross‐sectional observational survey study to guide implicit bias training in the medical workplace
Authors: McLean Mary E. , McLean Leigh E. , McLean‐Holden Annie C. , Campbell Linelle F. , Horner Adriana M. , Kulkarni Miriam L. , Melville Laura D. , Fernandez Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Implicit bias contributes to both health care disparities and professional limitations, and it exists among physicians. Prior literature has described physician weight bias (WB) toward patients, but little research has investigated interphysician WB. This study describes the prevalence of interphysician implicit WB and investigates the relationships between implicit, explicit, and professional biases. The authors hypothesized that the majority of physicians possess interphysician implicit WB and that the degree of implicit bias has a direct relationship with explicit and professional WB.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, a survey was used to measure interphysician implicit, explicit, and professional WB. It included adaptations of two previously validated measures (the Implicit Association Test and the Crandall Anti‐fat Attitudes Questionnaire) and an investigator developed and tested Professional Weight Bias Scale. The survey was distributed electronically via medical society message boards, email lists, and social media groups.

Results

A total of 620 physicians and medical students participated. Fifty‐eight percent were female, ages ranged from 22 to 83 years (mean = 44 years), and body mass index (BMI) ranged from 16 to 59 (mean = 26). Descriptive analyses revealed that 87% had some degree of implicit interphysician antifat bias, with 31% and 34% categorized as moderate and severe, respectively. Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that male sex, increased age, and decreased BMI were related to increased implicit bias, controlling for all other factors. Furthermore, implicit, explicit, and professional bias all had significant, direct relationships with each other.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the prevalence of interphysician implicit WB; the strong correlations between implicit, explicit, and professional WB; and the potential disparities faced by physicians with obesity. These results may be used to guide implicit bias training for a more inclusive medical workplace.
Optimum glide path motion is safer than continuous rotation of files in glide path preparation
Authors: Gavini Giulio , Akisue Eduardo , Kawakami Dirce Akemi Sacaguti , Caldeira Celso Luiz , Candeiro George Táccio de Miranda , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Calefi Pedro Henrique Souza , Alcalde Murilo Priori , Duarte Marco Antonio Húngaro
Published: April 2021

This study evaluated the resistance to flexural fatigue and torsional strength of files for glide path preparation in continuous rotation or Optimum Glide Path motion (OGP). ScoutRace 15.02 and ProGlider 16.02 files were used in a dynamic testing device during preparation of simulating curved root canals (40‐degree curvature and 5 mm radius). For the torsional test, a machine was used to test torsion measured maximum torsional strength (N.cm). Two‐way anova and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Files in OGP motion had a statistically better resistance to flexural fatigue (P < 0.05). ProGlider files took longer time to failure than ScoutRace files only when OGP was used (P < 0.05). The torsional test revealed that OGP produced significantly less torsional stress than rotary motions for both types of glide path files (P < 0.05) In conclusion, OGP motion increased substantially the mechanical safety of endodontic glide path files.
Congressional Representation: Accountability from the Constituent's Perspective
Authors: Ansolabehere Stephen , Kuriwaki Shiro
Published: April 2021

The premise that constituents hold representatives accountable for their legislative decisions undergirds political theories of democracy and legal theories of statutory interpretation. But studies of this at the individual level are rare, examine only a handful of issues, and arrive at mixed results. We provide an extensive assessment of issue accountability at the individual level. We trace the congressional roll‐call votes on 44 bills across seven Congresses (2006–18), and link them to constituent's perceptions of their representative's votes and their evaluation of their representative. Correlational, instrumental variables, and experimental approaches all show that constituents hold representatives accountable. A one‐standard deviation increase in a constituent's perceived issue agreement with their representative can improve net approval by 35 percentage points. Congressional districts, however, are heterogeneous. Consequently, the effect of issue agreement on vote is much smaller at the district level, resolving an apparent discrepancy between micro and macro studies.
Impact of New Public Management on the Efficiency of Japanese Museums*
Authors: Taniguchi Miyuki
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present paper was to determine how small government policies have changed the management of Japanese prefectural museums since 2006. To reconstruct the budget positions of local governments, the Koizumi Government advocated a policy of ‘small’ government and cuts in the costs of public facilities. One example is the introduction of the designated manager system (DMS) into museums. The DMS is a form of new public management, enabling private managers to manage public facilities. Using stochastic frontier analysis, this paper investigates the impact of the introduction of the DMS on the efficiency of museums.