bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Kabuki Syndrome Caused by a Novel Mutation in KMT2D and a Literature Review of Ocular Abnormalities
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Chen Xiaona , Ye Lin
Published: April 2024

Objective: By summarizing the clinical characteristics and genetic variations, this study aims to report a case of one child with type I Kabuki syndrome (KS), and to analyze the features and frequency of ocular abnormalities in KS through a retrospective literature review.
Methods: (1) The study focused on a child with KS, collecting clinical data and conducting whole-exome sequencing of the child and the parents' blood DNA, followed by family verification through Sanger sequencing of candidate variants. (2) A literature search was performed using PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases to summarize and analyze cases of KS with ocular abnormalities reported before January 2024.
Results: (1) Genetic testing revealed the patient carried a heterozygous mutation c.11779del (p.Q3927Sfs*52) in the KMT2D gene (NM_003482.3), confirming the diagnosis of autosomal dominant KS type 1. This mutation is reported for the first time as a pathogenic mutation site for KS and is classified as a pathogenic mutation (PVS1+PM2+PM6) according to ACMG standards. (2) Ocular abnormalities are generally present in nearly all KS patients, with long palpebral fissures or ectropion of the outer third of the lower eyelid being characteristic facial manifestations. High-incidence abnormalities include strabismus, blue sclera, ptosis, epicanthal folds, and refractive errors, with prevalence ranging from 10-30%. Other reported ocular abnormalities include eye tissue defects, corneal abnormalities, nystagmus, extraocular muscle cranial nerve paralysis, cataract, optic nerve hypoplasia, abnormal optic disc, Duane syndrome, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, retinal disorders, eyeball atrophy, and tear duct obstruction.
Conclusion: The heterozygous mutation c.11779del (p.Q3927Sfs*52) in the KMT2D gene has been identified as the pathogenic genetic mutation for this child's KS, previously unreported. This study expands the spectrum of genetic mutations and clinical presentations of KS, particularly regarding ocular abnormalities, providing a valuable reference for the diagnosis and genetic counseling of the disease.
A method to assess the quality of additive manufacturing metal powders using the triboelectric charging concept
Authors: Galindo E. , Espiritu E. Ross L. , Gutierrez C. , Alagha A. , Hudon P. , Brochu M.
Published: April 2024

A new method to assess the quality of additive manufacturing (AM) metal powders using the triboelectric charging concept is demonstrated using CpTi, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, IN 738, and SS 316L powders. For each powder tested, the surface chemical composition was first analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the composition of the passivation layer. Some modifications to the current GranuCharge™ setup, developed by GranuTools™, were then performed by incorporating a flow rate measuring tool to assess how tribocharging is affected as a function of flow rate. Variations in the tribocharging response have been found with the flow rate of CpTi, AlSi10Mg and SS 316L powders. Moreover, results suggest that the tribocharging behavior might not be the same even with powders fabricated with the same passivation process. Finally, the compressed exponential model of Trachenko and Zaccone was used to reproduce the tribocharging behavior of the powders. The models were found to work best when the stretch constant β = 1.5, which is identical to the value found in other systems such as structural glasses, colloidal gels, entangled polymers, and supercooled liquids, which experience jamming when motion of individual particles become restricted, causing their motion to slow down.
Potential hematological biosignatures as screening tools for tuberculosis co- infection among people living with HIV
Authors: J Nancy Hilda , Gopalan Narendran , VV Banu Rekha , Luke Elizabeth Hanna , C Ponnuraja , M Thamizhselvan , Nair Dina , S Ramesh Kumar , N Poorana Ganga Devi , Cheedarla Narayaniah , Babu Hemalatha , Sathyamurthy Aarti Nandala , Nithyanandham Logeshwaran , Muthuramalingam Kannan , G Mangalambal , R Manimegalai , Chokusamy Kavidha
Published: April 2024

Background: A routine laboratory test like complete blood count is a common practise during any hospital visit. It doesn’t provoke social stigma, especially when diagnosis of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection are to be done. Thus if tested for its potential to diagnose or screen tuberculosis co-infection among people living with HIV, it will serve as a valuable laboratory evidence to start treatment in such vulnerable population. We hereby address the plausibility of using haematological parameters as screening tools to identify TB among PLHIV.
Methods: Our retrospective analysis included four cohorts of people - 259 healthy volunteers, 299 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, 135 PLHIV and 255 HIV-TB co-infected patients, wherein we tried to identify haematological variables with higher potential to distinguish among these groups.
Results: We report for the first time, a three analyte haematological signature (anemic- decreased CD4- increased MLR) which has higher capacity to serve as HIV-TB screening tool among PLHIV population (sensitivity-88.9%, specificity-91.7%, AUC-0.965). Another three analyte signature comprising increased MLR- Neutrophilic- Thrombocytic- nature has a sensitivity of 90.1 %, specificity of 91.3 % and AUC 0.957 in differentiating healthy people from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Followed by this, lymphocyte percentage and Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio as single haematological markers have a sensitivity, specificity, AUC of 90.2%, 83.6%, 0.92 and 88.3%, 88 %, 0.931 respectively in differentiating healthy from pulmonary tuberculosis population.
Conclusion: Further studies supporting this three analyte panel as biosignature for easy and effective screening of HIV-TB among the vulnerable PLHIV cohort is warranted, which is the need of the hour to prevent mortality caused by this co-infection.
Clinical trial registration: Two studies were registered with the Clinical Trial Registry (CTRI 2008/091/000024 & NCT00933790).
Management of wheat stem rut (Puccinia graminis f.Sp. Tritici) through variety and nitrogen fertilizer application rate in the west Shoa zone
Authors: Gemechu Nigatu , Chala Alemayehu , Tola Jemal , Shifaraw Garome
Published: April 2024

Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) is a common fungal disease that causes significant yield reductions and grain quality deterioration. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the efficacy of integrating different management strategies against stem rust (Sr) of wheat in the West Shoa zone during the main growing season of 2022. A split-split plot field experiment was conducted using wheat varieties, the frequency of application of fungicides, and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The results of the field experiment revealed a significant interaction effect of wheat variety, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and frequency of application of fungicides on disease intensity and wheat grain yield. The Wane wheat variety was found to be more resistant to stem rust, followed by Kingbird. In general, the pressure of the disease increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate from 100 to 200 kg/ha. On the other hand, increasing the frequency of spraying of fungicides from 0 to two resulted in a lower disease pressure in all varieties. However, the results were more pronounced on the susceptible wheat variety. Current findings confirmed the role that integrated disease management may play in controlling stem rust epidemics. However, results should be verified through additional trials across agroecologies and years.
An intelligent construction model in whole process for shield tunnelling
Authors: Lu Dechun , Liu Yihan , Kong Fanchao , Ma Yiding , Du Xiuli
Published: April 2024

Predicting shield tunnelling parameters in the whole construction process is of great importance, which can effectively control ground stability and improve tunnelling efficiency. A novel deep learning method is developed considering transfer learning, incremental learning and Bi-LSTM fusing with available data of the next ring to be excavated (ADNRE) to predict shield tunnelling parameters in the whole process. Before construction, transfer learning uses data from similar projects to determine initial network parameters, then solve the insufficient data in the prophase of the project. As the shield machine begins to excavate, incremental learning is used to continuously accept new data and adjust model parameters in real time during the whole process. A feature fusion module in Bi-LSTM is proposed to integrate ADNRE and data of the adjacent excavated rings. The proposed Bi-LSTM method can consider the mutation of stratum conditions during tunnelling. The applicability of the proposed method is explored by predicting the shield cutter head torque of a tunnel project in Qingdao, China. The influence of fine-tuning epochs and project similarity on model performance is further discussed. Overall, the proposed method can provide reasonable whole process prediction for shield tunnelling parameters, which improves construction safety and efficiency.
Kalman Filter Method for Time-to-Event Safety Analysis
Authors: Silva Sajith , Li Hal , Wang William
Published: April 2024

The analysis of adverse event data is a pivotal aspect in ascertaining the safety of vaccines and drugs. While a multitude of statistical techniques are available, there is an ongoing need to cultivate innovative methodologies for robustly assessing vaccine and drug safety. This article introduces a novel approach that augments the Kaplan-Meier estimator through the incorporation of the Kalman filter algorithm. The method entails initially modeling the data through a generalized state-space model, in which the Kalman filter algorithm is employed to estimate failure probabilities. Subsequently, the Kaplan-Meier estimator is derived using these estimated failure probabilities. To demonstrate the application of this approach, we employ it in the analysis of the opiate dependence treatment study, offering a comparative evaluation against the conventional approach.
High molecular weight DNA extraction from mucilage rich zygnematophycean green algae for long read DNA sequencing
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Permann Charlotte , Holzinger Andreas , Yin Yanbin
Published: April 2024

Background: Zygnematophyceae green algae represent the closest living relatives of land plants. Adaptions to hydro-terrestrial environments are evident through the production of mucilage carbohydrates, which are secreted outside algal cell walls to retain water. However, the mucilage poses significant challenges for the extraction of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA. To address this, we have developed an efficient extraction method optimized for HMW DNA, facilitating the use of third-generation long read sequencing technologies, e.g., PacBio or Oxford Nanopore. Furthermore, we have benchmarked the performance of our method against eight established DNA extraction methods or commercial kits.
Results: Of the eight existing DNA extraction methods assessed, the PowerPlant DNeasy Kit, prominent for its use in plant DNA extraction, was the only protocol to successfully isolate DNA from Zygnema circumcarinatum algae. However, the DNA quality was insufficient for applications in PacBio or Oxford Nanopore sequencing. In contrast, our novel method not only yielded a high DNA concentration but also high purity with optimal A260/A230 and A260/A280 ratios suitable for long read DNA sequencing. Notably, the integrity of algal DNA obtained via our method surpassed that from commercial kits, demonstrating a significant increase in the length of extracted DNA, with a peak at 55.7 kb compared to 17.6 kb for the PowerPlant DNeasy Kit. Additionally, our method substantially reduced the organellar DNA, lowering it from 72.5% in the commercial kits to 9.6%, thereby enhancing the yield of nuclear genomic DNA.
Conclusions: Our method represents a significant advancement in the extraction of DNA from challenging plants and algae characterized by high extracellular mucilage contents. Our protocol removes most organellar DNA, and thus substantially increases the proportion of nuclear DNA reads in the sequencing data to lower the cost for nuclear genome sequencing. Our cost-efficient method will facilitate the whole genome sequencing of mucilage-rich algae and plants.
A survey of the frequency of polycystic ovary morphology in infertile patients with uterine abnormalities
Authors: Irani Shohreh , Najafi Atiyeh , Vesali Samira , Mashayekhi Mehri , Niknejad Fatemeh , Ahmadi Firoozeh
Published: April 2024

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Several studies have shown an association between PCOS and mullerian anomalies. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in infertile patients with uterine anomalies (septate and arcuate uterine) who attended the Royan Research Institute in Tehran (Iran) between January 2021 and December 2022.
Methods:
The current cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 884 women who were experiencing infertility and referred to our Institute for 3D-hysterosonography. These women were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 127 infertile women with uterine anomalies, while the second group included 757 infertile women without uterine anomalies. The employed sampling method was convenience and available. The necessary data were acquired from the patients' files. Subsequently, the frequency of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) was assessed and compared between the two groups.
Result:
Of the 884 patients with infertility who were evaluated, a total of 127 women (14.4%) were found to have uterine anomalies (septate and arcuate anomalies), while the remaining 757 women (85.6%) did not exhibit any such abnormalities. In the subgroup of patients with uterine anomalies, 112 women (88.1%) exhibited arcuate uterine, and 15 women (11.9%) presented with septate uterine. Our study demonstrated that the frequency of PCOM in patients with uterine anomalies was 40.9% (52 women) and in those without such anomalies was 14/7% (111 women) (p=0.0001).
Conclusion:
According to the study's findings, the prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology in women who have uterine anomalies is higher than in women without these anomalies.
Research on small objects detection algorithm of UAV photography based on improved YOLOv7
Authors: Duan XuLiang , Zhang BuYuan , Deng QinWen , Ma HongYang , Yang Bing
Published: April 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) capture aerial photographs with a wide viewing angle, variable backgrounds, and high-speed motion imaging. Object detection in UAV aerial images is challenging due to significant changes in object scale, small and mutually occluded objects, and lack of feature information. Conventional object detection algorithms have poor real-time performance and accuracy in this field. The YOLO algorithm is prone to high false detection and omission rates for small objects in complex scenes, leading to poor detection accuracy. To address these issues, we propose the PCSM-YOLOv7 algorithm, which is an improvement on the YOLOv7 model. To address the challenge of locating small objects with low resolution, we have incorporated a higher resolution small object detection feature layer at the Neck of this model. Additionally, we have added a detection head P2 that targets a feature map of 160×160 pixels. This expands the detection range of the model and enhances the semantic information. To achieve high throughput and low latency on GPUs for model detection, the P4 and P5 modules of the Backbone now use partial convolution (PConv) instead of convolution (Conv). Furthermore, the Backbone includes the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism to improve the model's detection to small objects and reduce the error detection rate. To address the issue of slow convergence of loss functions, we propose a novel similarity comparative metric, the Minimum Point Distance Intersection over Union (MPDIoU) loss function, for boundary box regression (BBR). We tested our algorithm on the VisDrone2019 public dataset for UAV photography. The experimental results demonstrate that our improved model has an mAP@0.5 value of 52.3%, which is 3.4 percentage points higher than the benchmark model's mAP@0.5 of 48.9%. This improvement enhances the accuracy of detecting small objects in UAV photography.
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act and Medical Oncology: A Seven-Year Financial Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiyu , Yang Victor , Ullah Mohammed , Schuweiler Mark , Ranasinghe Padmini
Published: April 2024

Background
The complex relationships between healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies are under scrutiny due to the potential bias introduced by financial incentives. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act aims to ensure transparency. This study analyzes the trends of payments made to oncology physicians from 2016 to 2022, examining the amounts and reasons for these payments, and comparing them by subspecialties and regions.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database was conducted, focusing on payments to oncologists. Payments were categorized by amount and purpose, with annual comparisons drawn between medical and hematologic oncologists. U.S. regional distribution was also analyzed. Data management was performed using Microsoft Excel, and statistical analyses were carried out with IBM SPSS Version 25, utilizing descriptive statistics and visualization tools.
Results
Oncologists received 2,439,799 payments totaling $620,795,774 over the seven years. The majority (70.3%) were small ($11 to $50), indicating a trend of modest but frequent financial interactions. The most funded categories were compensation for non-consulting services (39.33%) and consulting fees (35.17%). While "Food and Beverage" payments were most frequent, accounting for over 80% of interactions, they comprised only 7.48% of the total payment amount. A significant payment peak occurred in 2020, especially among medical oncologists. Geographically, Northeast U.S. oncologists received fewer yet higher-valued payments than their Southern counterparts. Payment amounts varied significantly across specialties, with cardiologists receiving the highest total payments and hematologists the highest mean payments.
Conclusions
The analysis reveals that while the majority of payments to oncologists are for relatively minor amounts, the distribution is uneven across regions and specialties. The surge in payments in 2020 may reflect the introduction of expensive oncology drugs, underscoring the need for ongoing scrutiny of these financial relationships to maintain ethical clinical practices.
Lacidipine inhibits NF-κB and Notch pathways and mitigates DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Yu Xuezhao , Li Cheng , Tao Yu , Xia Tingting , Jia Zhenyu
Published: April 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with its global incidence on the rise, yet effective treatments remain limited. Through screening using an NF-kB promoter dual fluorescence reporter system, we identified the anti-hypertension drug lacidipine as capable of effectively inhibiting p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. In a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, lacidipine demonstrated the ability to mitigate colon lesions and reduce inflammation markers. Target analysis revealed a notable enrichment of the Notch signal. Furthermore, lacidipine treatment inhibited both NF-kB and Notch activation in the colon stimulated by DSS. In summary, our study highlights lacidipine's potential in alleviating UC, presenting it as a promising candidate drug for UC treatment.
Schulische Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Fetalen Alkoholspektrumstörungen (FASD) – Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Neuhaus Till , Gödecke Friederike
Published: April 2024

Der nachstehende Beitrag betrachtet bereits realisierte bzw. beforschte Möglichkeiten zur schu­lischen Unterstützung von Kindern mit FASD (fetales Alkoholsyndrom). Dabei handelt es sich um eine gewichtige Beeinträchtigung des Gehirns, die als Folge von mütterlichen Alkoholkon­sum während der Schwangerschaft auftreten kann. Dieser Beitrag hat eine viergeteilte Struktur: Eingangs wird sich dem Themenkomplex FASD angenähert und dessen Relevanz für den schu­lischen Sektor eruiert. Es folgen Ausführungen zur verwendeten Methodik, dem sogenannten Scoping Review, das in der Folge durchgeführt und dargestellt wird. Der Beitrag endet mit einer – im Sinne einer Heuristik agierenden – Zusammenfassung sowie einem Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschung.
Abstract
The following paper takes a closer look at already realized as well as academically evaluated opportunities to support children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS can be considered an impactful impairment affecting the child’s – as well as later, adult’s – brain which has been caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This paper has a fourfold structure: Firstly, the topic of FAS will be thematically approximated and its relevance for the educational sector will be discussed. Afterwards, the employed method, the so-called scoping review, will briefly be illustrated regarding its workings, aims, and scope. Subsequently, the results of the scoping review will be sketched out and discussed. The paper will end with a synthesis of key insights which will hopefully serve as a heuristic for practitioners as well as an outlook on meaningful, future research.
The bilateral trade imbalances between the EU and China: Structure and trends
Authors: Ditsiou Athina , Darvidou Konstantia , Siskos Evangelos
Published: April 2024

The EU and China are among the largest economies affecting the global economy and each other. The paper aims to determine the structure and trends in the trade relations between the EU and China from the perspective of trade imbalances. Net export index (–29% in 2021) and the difference between export and import growth rates (–9% in 2016-2021) were calculated as the indicators of competitiveness of the economies relative to each other. Correlation coefficients and regression models were used to estimate the effects of several factors on the net export index. The EU has a surplus in services trade with China (21% of the trade), but it does not cover a much larger bilateral merchandise trade deficit (–36%), which exists in most member states. Machinery and vehicles are the most important traded items. The net export index shows that the European Union is more competitive than China in nonfuel minerals, food, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, intellectual property, computer, travel, and sea transport services. The effect of the real exchange rates on the trade imbalances is not robust due to the large difference in regression coefficients for the real exchange rates based on consumer prices and unit labor costs. In recent years, the trade balance was not significantly affected by industrial output growth trends in the EU and China (except for the COVID-19 pandemic crisis when the relative competitiveness of China in its trade with the EU improved at least in the short run).
Investigation of Experiences of University Students with Special Needs During the Global Pandemic
Authors: Nuhoğlu Hasret , Tavukçu Demet , Özcan Neslihan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which is thought to have emerged in China in 2019, was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. In order to reduce the impact of this epidemic and slow its spread in our country, Turkey, as in the whole world, education was suspended, and then an emergency transition to distance education was made. In this context, the aim of the research is to examine the experiences of university students with special needs regarding emergency distance education in the pandemic and the problems they encounter in this process.
Method: The study group of the research consists of 14 university students with special needs at a foundation higher education institution in Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the research, phenomenological (phenomenological) design, one of the qualitative research method approaches, was used. The data were collected through the interview form developed by the researchers and analyzed with descriptive analysis.
Results: Research findings show that students benefit from the emergency distance education process to a certain extent, they have both positive and negative experiences in this process, and they face various problems especially in the measurement and evaluation process.
Discussion: The findings obtained in the research were discussed within the framework of the literature. According to the findings, it can be stated that there is a need to consider individual differences in synchronous and asynchronous courses and in measurement and evaluation applications.
Avaliação da precisão da classificação de cobertura do solo na identificação de áreas potenciais para o aparecimento de criadouros de Aedes aegypt
Authors: Ribeiro Rios Israel Henrique , Weyll SantAnna Maryly , Quintanilha Jose Alberto , Grohmann Carlos Henrique
Published: April 2024

Uma ferramenta bastante utilizada atualmente é a classificação de cobertura do solo, em vários campos da ciência. Com o avanço das técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, pode-se utilizar resoluções melhores de imagens, e com isso a acurácia da classificação melhora. Este trabalho utiliza imagens do satélite World-View 3 para a classificação supervisionada de dois bairros da cidade de Campinas, São Paulo. As classes foram divididas em Árvore, Grama, Asfalto, Sombra, Cimento, Piscina/Água, Solo exposto e Telhados 1, 2 e 3. Foram averiguadas a matriz de erro, o coeficiente Kappa e a acurácia sob três diferentes algoritmos: Mínima Distância, Máxima Verossimilhança e Random Forest. De forma geral, o algoritmo de destaque foi o de Máxima Verossimilhança, tendo acurácias gerais maiores que 90%.
A educação nas pesquisas de Florestan Fernandes sobre as relações raciais entre negros e brancos: o Inquérito ANHEMBI-UNESCO
Authors: Netto Mario Borges , Cruz André Pompolini da , Santos Lais Rodrigues dos
Published: April 2024

Este texto tem por objetivo problematizar o potencial da educação no processo de integração do negro na sociedade de classes a partir das pesquisas de Florestan Fernandes sobre as relações raciais entre negros e brancos. Trata-se do resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, metodologicamente orientada pelo materialismo histórico dialético, cuja fonte foi o relatório da pesquisa coordenada por Roger Bastide e Florestan Fernandes, Relações raciais entre negros e brancos em São Paulo (1955), usualmente denominado de Inquérito ANHEMBI-UNESCO. Concluímos que a educação não é central nos escritos de Florestan Fernandes organizados no Inquérito ANHEMBI-UNESCO, porém sempre é resgatada e mencionada na relação com as possibilidades de ascensão social e ocupacional pelo negro.
Defensores da escola pública: ecos das propostas defendidas por grandes pensadores presentes no Manifesto da Educação Nova
Authors: Borges Patricia Ferreira Bianchini
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisa de caráter exploratório do estado da arte com a finalidade de abordar os princípios fundamentais da laicidade, da gratuidade e da obrigatoriedade do ensino presentes nas ideias propostas por intelectuais como Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), John Dewey (1859-1952) e Rui Barbosa (1849-1923), acerca de uma nova política de educação que ecoam nas propostas da política educacional constantes do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova, publicado em 1932. O corpus de análise bibliográfica se dá a partir da seleção de textos e obras que abordassem a temática foco de pesquisa, considerando- se a atualidade da discussão trazida no documento, decorridos mais de oitenta anos de sua publicação, e pelo fato de se observar ecos de ideias, defendidas por grandes pensadores, como Rui Barbosa no final do século XIX, presentes no referido Manifesto, e que podem ser consideradas atuais nos dias de hoje. A partir da pesquisa, observa-se que a presença dos educadores responsáveis pelas reformas nos anos 20 do século XX nas principais iniciativas educacionais do país nas décadas seguintes, acabou por marcar na historiografia a origem da Escola Nova no Brasil naquele período.
Biophysical Evidence for the Amyloid Formation of a Recombinant Rab2
Isoform of Leishmania donovani
Authors: Roshanara  , Muthu Shivani A. , Gulafsha  , Tandon Rati , Selvapandiyan Angamuthu , Ahmad Basir
Published: April 2024

Background:

The most fatal form of Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar is caused by
the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. The life cycle and the infection pathway
of the parasite are regulated by the small GTPase family of Rab proteins. The involvement of Rab
proteins in neurodegenerative amyloidosis is implicated in protein misfolding, secretion
abnormalities and dysregulation. The inter and intra-cellular shuttlings of Rab proteins are
proposed to be aggregation-prone. However, the biophysical unfolding and aggregation of
protozoan Rab proteins is limited. Understanding the aggregation mechanisms of Rab protein will
determine their physical impact on the disease pathogenesis and individual health.

Objective:

This work investigates the acidic pH-induced unfolding and aggregation of a
recombinant Rab2 protein from L. donovani (rLdRab2) using multi-spectroscopic probes.

Methods:

The acidic unfolding of rLdRab2 is characterised by intrinsic fluorescence and ANS
assay, while aggregation is determined by Thioflavin-T and 90⁰ light scattering assay. Circular
dichroism determined the secondary structure of monomers and aggregates. The aggregate
morphology was imaged by transmission electron microscopy.

Results:

rLdRab2 was modelled to be a Rab2 isoform with loose globular packing. The acidinduced
unfolding of the protein is a plausible non-two-state process. At pH 2.0, a partially folded
intermediate (PFI) state characterised by ~ 30% structural loss and exposed hydrophobic core was
found to accumulate. The PFI state slowly converted into well-developed protofibrils at high
protein concentrations demonstrating its amyloidogenic nature. The native state of the protein was
also observed to be aggregation-prone at high protein concentrations. However, it formed
amorphous aggregation instead of fibrils.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to report in vitro amyloid-like behaviour of
Rab proteins in L donovani. This study provides a novel opportunity to understand the complete
biophysical characteristics of Rab2 protein of the lower eukaryote, L. donovani.
The Molecular Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications of
O-Glycan Synthesis in Pancreatic Cancer by Integrating
Transcriptome and Single-Cell Data
Authors: Huang Binqian , Zhang Biao , Liu Jifeng , Wang Tingxin , Zhang Yunshu , Zhang Bolin , Yuan Qihang , Xia Shilin , Shang Dong
Published: April 2024

Background:

Glycans constitute the primary components of proteins that regulate key
carcinogenic processes in cancer progression. This study investigated the significance of O-glycan
synthesis in the pathogenesis, outcome, and therapy of pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods:

Transcriptomic data and clinical prognostic information of PC were acquired via TCGA
and GEO databases. CSA database was used to obtain single-cell data of PC. The O-glycan biosynthesis signaling pathway and its related genes were acquired via the MSigDB platform. The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering was utilized to construct the O-glycan biosynthesis-associated molecular subtypes in PC. The LASSO and Cox regression were utilized to build
the prognostic prediction model. We utilized real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to verify the
expressed levels of model genes. Single-cell analysis was utilized to investigate the levels of target genes and O-glycan biosynthesis signaling pathway in the PC tumour microenvironment.

Results:

We obtained 30 genes related to O-glycan biosynthesis, among which 15 were associated
with the prognosis of PC. All PC samples were grouped into two distinct molecular subtypes associated with O-glycan biosynthesis: OGRGcluster C1 and OGRGcluster C2, and compared to
OGRGcluster C1. PCs in OGRGcluster C2 had a more advanced clinical stage and pathological
grade, worse prognosis, and more active O-glycan biosynthesis function. Immune analysis indicated that naïve B cell, CD8+ T cell, memory-activated CD4+ T cell, and monocytes displayed remarkably higher infiltration levels in OGRGcluster C1 while resting NK cell, macrophages M0,
resting dendritic cell, activated dendritic cell, and neutrophils exhibited markedly higher infiltration levels in OGRGcluster C2. OGRGcluster C1 exhibited higher sensitivities to drugs, such as
cisplatin, irinotecan, KRAS(G12C) inhibitor-12, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and sorafenib. Besides,
we built the O-glycan biosynthesis-related prognostic model (including SPRR1B, COL17A1, and
ECT2) with a good prediction performance. SPRR1B, COL17A1, and ECT2 were remarkably
highly expressed in PC tissues and linked to a poor outcome. Single-cell analysis revealed that Oglycan biosynthesis was observed only in PC, and consistent with this, the target genes were significantly enriched in PC.

Conclusion:

We first constructed molecular subtypes and prognostic models related to O-glycan
biosynthesis in PC. It is clear that O-glycan biosynthesis is related to the development, prognosis,
immune microenvironment, and treatment of PC. This provides new strategies for stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of PC patients.
Comprehensive Overview of Treponema pallidum Outer Membrane
Proteins
Authors: Wu Sirui , Luo Lan , Ye Fei , Wang Yuanfang , Li Dongdong
Published: April 2024

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a sexually transmitted microorganism
that exhibits remarkable motility capabilities, allowing it to affect various systems. Despite
its structural resemblance to gram-negative bacteria due to its dual-membrane, T. pallidum
possesses a lower abundance of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which enables it to effectively
conceal itself. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the clinical diagnostic potential
associated with the OMPs of T. pallidum. Furthermore, the known OMPs in T. pallidum that are
responsible for mediating host interactions have been progressively elucidated. This review aims
to shed light on the pathogenesis of syphilis, encompassing aspects such as vascular inflammation,
chancre self-healing, neuroinvasion, and reinfection. Additionally, this review offers a detailed
overview of the current state and prospects of development in the field of syphilis vaccines, with
the ultimate goal of establishing a foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and implementing
effective prevention strategies against syphilis.
Research Progress of Eye Movement Analyses and its Detection
Algorithms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: He Xueying , Selesnick Ivan , Zhu Ming
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered one of the most challenging forms of dementia.
The earlier the people are diagnosed with AD, the easier it is for doctors to find a treatment.
Based on the previous literature summarizing the research results on the relationship between
eye movement and AD before 2013, this paper reviewed 34 original eye movements research
papers only closely related to AD published in the past ten years and pointed out that the
prosaccade (4 papers) and antisaccade (5 papers) tasks, reading tasks (3 papers), visual search
tasks (3 papers) are still the research objects of many researchers, Some researchers have looked
at King-Devick tasks (2 papers), reading tasks (3 papers) and special tasks (8 papers), and began
to use combinations of different saccade tasks to detect the relationship between eye movement
and AD, which had not been done before. These reflect the diversity of eye movement tasks and
the complexity and difficulty of the relationship between eye movement and AD. On this basis,
the current processing and analysis methods of eye movement datasets are analyzed and discussed
in detail, and we note that certain key data that may be especially important for the early diagnosis
of AD by using eye movement studies cannot be miss-classified as noise and removed. Finally,
we note that the development of methods that can accurately denoise and classify and quickly process
massive eye movement data is quite significant for detecting eye movements in early diagnosis
of AD.
Oligohydramnios and Intrauterine Premature Closure of Ductus Arteriosus Associated with the Use of NSAIDs During Pregnancy – An Overview of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Al Rashid Sultan , Gobinath Mirunalini , Hussain Mohamed Harshath Jahir
Published: April 2024

Background:

Pregnant women may experience low back pain and other pain symptoms,
fever, and inflammatory conditions that may harm the fetus and mother if left untreated. The most
common uses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the treatment of inflammation,
pain and pyrexia. However, after 20-30 weeks of gestation, using NSAIDs during pregnancy may
cause oligohydramnios and premature ductus arteriosus closure, which could harm the developing
fetus.

Objective:

The purpose of this review article is to critically examine the clinical evidence that is
currently available for oligohydramnios and premature ductus arteriosus closure linked to NSAIDs.

Methods:

Online databases such as Medline/Pubmed/PMC, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of science,
Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched to identify articles which
dealt with NSAIDs-associated oligohydramnios and premature closure of ductus arteriosus.

Results:

Numerous regulatory agencies released warnings about oligohydramnios and premature closure
of ductus arteriosus linked to NSAIDs. Furthermore, a number of case reports, case series, and
some observational studies have also been published about the possibility of oligohydramnios and
premature closure of ductus arteriosus linked to NSAIDs use.

Conclusion:

Women who are pregnant for 20 weeks or more should refrain from self-medicating
with NSAIDs without consulting a pharmacist or a physician. The use of NSAIDs during pregnancy
should carefully be considered due to potential risks to the mother and developing fetus, especially
after 20-30 weeks of gestation. To guarantee the best possible health for the expectant mother and the
unborn child, healthcare professionals should weigh the benefits and risks and look into alternate
options. Pregnant women may opt for acetaminophen (paracetamol) to relieve pain and fever during
pregnancy. Pregnant women should seek medical attention if there is persisting pain for more than
three days.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PELECEHAN CATCALLING: KAJIAN FENOMENOLOGI KEPADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG
Authors: Nur Fatimah Sekar Wulan Noventyas
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi mahasiswa terkait bentuk-bentuk serta dampak yang diakibatkan dari tindakan pelecehan seksual secara verbal (catcalling). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus agar mendapatkan suatu pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terkait kasus catcalling dengan menggunakan teori fenomenologi. Peneliti juga melakukan wawancara melalui beberapa informan yang ada melalui perspektif yang berbeda-beda serta melakukan observasi untuk mengamati mahasiswa/i yang pernah mengalami catcalling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa terkait dampak catcalling dapat menyebabkan perasaan trauma, tidak nyaman, merasa risih dan terganggu, serta adanya perasaan takut pada korban. Bentuk-bentuk catcalling yang dilakukan oleh pelaku seperti misalnya bersiul, main mata, memberikan pujian yang terkesan tidak sopan, dan juga memanggil/menggoda para wanita. Tindakan catcalling dilakukan tidak mengenal lokasi yang ramai ataupun sepi, akan tetapi di mana saja saat pelaku ingin melakukan aksi tersebut ketika iseng. Perlunya kesadaran akan pentingnya menghormati orang lain tanpa melakukan tindakan intimidasi atau meremehkan.
“SUMBANGAN” SEBAGAI MANIFESTASI SENI DAN POLITIK: REPRESENTASI KRITISITAS DALAM KARYA RHOMA IRAMA
Authors: Hidayat Yogi Fery
Published: April 2024

Sumbangan adalah pemberian atau kontribusi, baik berupa barang, uang, waktu, atau sumber daya lainnya yang diberikan oleh seseorang atau sebuah organisasi untuk tujuan tertentu atau untuk membantu orang atau kelompok yang membutuhkan. Sumbangan seringkali diberikan untuk membantu mengatasi masalah sosial, kemanusiaan, atau kegiatan amal lainnya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada lagu “Sumbangan” sebagai manifestasi seni dan politik dalam karya Rhoma Irama. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperjelas representasi kritisitas yang terdapat dalam karya Rhoma Irama. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis lirik lagu dengan mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur seni dalam lirik lagu dan bagaimana unsur-unsur tersebut merepresentasikan kritisitas dalam sosial-politik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana Rhoma Irama menggunakan seni untuk mengkritik isu-isu sosial dan politik yang terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat beberapa kritik terhadap praktik perjudian dengan berkedok sumbangan, praktik sumbangan yang tidak tulus dengan motif keuntungan, dan resistensi terhadap kekuasaan.
Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Menjawab tantangan abad 21
Authors: Durasa Helfra , Suastra I Wayan
Published: April 2024

The era of globalization and the 21st century is characterized by rapid technological changes and advances, posing challenges for the education sector. The quality of Indonesian education, as demonstrated by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), needs to be improved. This study aims to critically examine the role of the Pancasila Student Profile in responding to the challenges of the 21st century in the Indonesian education system. The research problem centers on whether the Pancasila Student Profile can conceptually address the challenges of today's world. This research uses a qualitative approach and a type of library research to collect data from various literature sources. Data is collected by searching and critically analyzing sources such as books, journals, and previous research related to the research. Research results and findings show that the 21st century presents a variety of challenges in education, including students' need to develop critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity, and character skills. Pancasila Student Profile, as part of the Merdeka Curriculum, aims to prepare Indonesian students to compete in the global world while still upholding the values of the Indonesian nation. The Pancasila Student Profile is identified as a crucial component in developing the character and competencies needed by Indonesian students to compete in the 21st century. The study emphasizes the interrelated traits of character and competence and their significance in various learning experiences.
Analisis penguatan karakter disiplin dan gotong royong berbasis pembiasaan di SDN 101228 Pargarutan Tapanuli Selatan
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Hasanah Annisa
Published: April 2024

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Penguatan karakter good citizenship berdasarkan nilai Pancasila dan pancajiwa bagi mahasiswa di UNIDA Gontor
Authors: Kurniawan Bekti Galih , Azizah Nurul
Published: April 2024

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Manajemen penguatan pendidikan karakter di SD Fajar Harapan
Authors: Ariputra I Putu Suyasa
Published: April 2024

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Analysis of characteristics, morals and contributing factors in adolescent who have experienced school dropout: A portrait of education in PKBM Bakti Nusa Bogor
Authors: Andini Putri Fildzah , Putri Aisyah Puspita , Purnama Nurjanah
Published: April 2024

The problem of children dropping out of school still needs to be studied further because many factors contribute to this phenomenon. This is because in Indonesia as many as 0,71 % of children drop out of elementary school, 6,49% drop out of Junior High School, 22,52% drop out of High School. The aim of this research is to identify characteristics, moral understanding, character development, and analyze the factors that cause children to drop out of school. This research uses mixed method quantitative and qualitative with in-depth interviews with teenagers who have dropped out of school aged 17 to 21 years old. The research results show that economic problems, weak moral foundations, and parental style are the reasons why teenagers drop out of school. Other results showed that the moral knowledge of out of school teenagers was in medium category, the moral feelings of 2 people were in the low category and the rest were in medium category. Regarding moral behavior, the majority are in the low category and the rest were in the medium category, it is hoped that the results of this research will be a reference for policy makers to reduce school drop out rates and increase the character and moral values of children in Indonesia.