bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy on Cataract and Its Treatment Options Among Patients with Operable Cataract: A Cross Sectional Study from Moradabad (India)
Authors: Gupta Richa , Gupta Akansha , Omair Mossab , Chauhan Lokesh , Agarwal Pradeep , Khurana Ashi
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To investigate the awareness of cataract disease and treatment options among patients with operable cataract.

Methods:

Participants were selected by means of eye disease screenings throughout Moradabad district. A pre-tested structured, content-validated questionnaire, translated in Hindi, was used for seeking study-related information and consisted of three sections: 1) Socio-demographic characteristics, 2) Knowledge and 3) Attitude of patients regarding cataract and its treatment. Questionnaire was administered by a trained interviewer after it was determined that the patient needed cataract surgery.

Results:

A total of 192 participants were interviewed. Of all, 98.5% patients were aware of their condition. Surgery as a treatment for cataract was known to 57.6% respondents. 50.2% patients knew that during surgery, natural lens was replaced with an artificial lens. 89.2% believed that the cost of cataract surgery prevented people from seeking interventions, while 31.5% deemed it unaffordable. An acquaintance getting operated was the motivating factor for 47.3% patients. The principal barriers in seeking cataract treatment were found to be lack of accessibility and fear of pain in by 98% and 65.5% of patients respectively.

Conclusion:

Our study highlighted that majority of the respondents were aware of cataract as a disease, but the potential barriers preventing them from seeking treatment were accessibility, cost of surgery and personal belief. This study emphasizes the need for increasing the uptake of cataract services in the North Indian community. We apprehend that focused propagation of knowledge and communication will successfully enhance demand for cataract surgical services.
A Misleading Orbital Cystic Lesion
Authors: Tara Shruthi , Shah Shraddha
Published: May 2022

Orbital schwannomas are rare and arise from the Schwann cells of sensory nerves. Cystic degeneration has been known to occur with orbital schwannomas but those occurring intra-ocularly have not been reported till date. Authors here report a rare case of a 24 year old woman, blind in the right eye, presenting with right sided headache and progressive proptosis since four years. Computer tomography (CT) of right eye showed presence of a well-demarcated, retro-orbital cystic lesion with a solid component causing displacement of the globe-like structure and bony remodelling. From the clinical and radiological features a pre-operative diagnosis of a right congenital cystic eyeball and a left microphthalmos with cyst was made. The patient underwent enucleation of the right eye along with the cystic lesion as a whole. Based on histopathology, a final diagnosis of an orbital schwannoma with extensive cystic degeneration and intra-ocular extension was made
A Brief About Hess and Lees Charting
Authors: Raghuvanshi Aakanksha , Sah Rishabh , Deepanshu  , Dadeya Subhash
Published: May 2022

Hess chart detects the amount of underaction and overaction of muscles therefore it helps in diagnosis of ocular motility defects. Further by comparing subsequent Hess charts, one can find out improvement or deterioration of a condition. This test can give us repeated and reliable results. Modification of the Hess screen is a Lees screen which uses double sided mirror instead of color dissociation method used by Hess chart. This pg snippet manuscript demonstrates various conditions where Hess or Lees chart can be used and help in diagnosis along with decision making in the management of various ocular motility defects.
Fractionated irradiation of MCF7 breast cancer cells rewires a gene regulatory circuit towards a treatment‐resistant stemness phenotype
Authors: Inalegwu Auchi , Cuypers Bart , Claesen Jürgen , Janssen Ann , Coolkens Amelie , Baatout Sarah , Laukens Kris , De Vos Winnok H. , Quintens Roel
Published: May 2022

Radiotherapy is the standard of care for breast cancer. However, surviving radioresistant cells can repopulate following treatment and provoke relapse. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance may help to improve treatment of radioresistant tumours. To emulate radiation therapy at the cellular level, we exposed MCF7 breast cancer cells to daily radiation doses of 2 Gy up to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy. Fractionally irradiated cells (FIR20) displayed increased clonogenic survival and population doubling time as compared with age‐matched sham‐irradiated cells and untreated parental MCF7 cells. RNA‐sequencing revealed a core signature of 229 mRNAs and 7 circular RNAs of which the expression was significantly altered in FIR20 cells. Dysregulation of several top genes was mirrored at the protein level. The FIR20 cell transcriptome overlapped significantly with canonical radiation response signatures and demonstrated a remarkable commonality with radiation and endocrine therapy resistance expression profiles, suggesting crosstalk between both acquired resistance pathways, as indicated by reduced sensitivity to tamoxifen cytotoxicity of FIR20 cells. Using predictive analyses and functional enrichment, we identified a gene‐regulatory network that promotes stemness and inflammatory signalling in FIR20 cells. We propose that these phenotypic traits render breast cancer cells more radioresistant but may at the same time serve as potential targets for combination therapies.
Automatic contouring QA method using a deep learning–based autocontouring system
Authors: Rhee Dong Joo , Akinfenwa Chidinma P. Anakwenze , Rigaud Bastien , Jhingran Anuja , Cardenas Carlos E. , Zhang Lifei , Prajapati Surendra , Kry Stephen F. , Brock Kristy K. , Beadle Beth M. , Shaw William , O'Reilly Frederika , Parkes Jeannette , Burger Hester , Fakie Nazia , Trauernicht Chris , Simonds Hannah , Court Laurence E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To determine the most accurate similarity metric when using an independent system to verify automatically generated contours.

Methods

A reference autocontouring system (primary system to create clinical contours) and a verification autocontouring system (secondary system to test the primary contours) were used to generate a pair of 6 female pelvic structures (UteroCervix [uterus + cervix], CTVn [nodal clinical target volume (CTV)], PAN [para‐aortic lymph nodes], bladder, rectum, and kidneys) on 49 CT scans from our institution and 38 from other institutions. Additionally, clinically acceptable and unacceptable contours were manually generated using the 49 internal CT scans. Eleven similarity metrics (volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance, 95% Hausdorff distance, mean surface distance, and surface DSC with tolerances from 1 to 10 mm) were calculated between the reference and the verification autocontours, and between the manually generated and the verification autocontours. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to determine the threshold that separates clinically acceptable and unacceptable contours for each structure. The 11 metrics were investigated individually and in certain combinations. Linear, radial basis function, sigmoid, and polynomial kernels were tested using the combinations of metrics as inputs for the SVM.

Results

The highest contouring error detection accuracies were 0.91 for the UteroCervix, 0.90 for the CTVn, 0.89 for the PAN, 0.92 for the bladder, 0.95 for the rectum, and 0.97 for the kidneys and were achieved using surface DSCs with a thickness of 1, 2, or 3 mm. The linear kernel was the most accurate and consistent when a combination of metrics was used as an input for the SVM. However, the best model accuracy from the combinations of metrics was not better than the best model accuracy from a surface DSC as an input.

Conclusions

We distinguished clinically acceptable contours from clinically unacceptable contours with an accuracy higher than 0.9 for the targets and critical structures in patients with cervical cancer; the most accurate similarity metric was surface DSC with a thickness of 1, 2, or 3 mm.
In Situ Reconstruction of Partially Hydroxylated Porous Rh Metallene for Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Seawater Splitting
Authors: Mao Qiqi , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: May 2022

Designing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis shows a great research prospect, but it remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the partially hydroxylated Rh metallene (Rh/RhOOH metallene) with porous, ultrathin, defect‐rich and hetero‐phase structure for ethylene glycol (EG)‐assisted seawater electrolysis. In parallel, the unique redox effect of RhOOH species and EG as well as the electroreduction effect riggers the in situ reconstruction for the catalyst during electrocatalysis, which further produces active Rh species to optimize the catalytic activity center and surface catalytic reaction. Benefiting from the unique metallene structure and the Rh/RhOOH heterogeneous structure, the Rh/RhOOH metallene exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, overpotential of 29 mV) and EG oxidation reaction (EGOR, specific activity of 1.051 mA cm–2). Encouragingly, in the constructed EG‐assisted seawater electrolysis system, the Rh/RhOOH metallene only needs a low cell voltage of 0.678 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 for energy‐saving H2 production, which significantly reduces energy consumption compared to conventional seawater electrolysis.
Self‐Confirming Magnetosomes for Tumor‐Targeted T1/T2 Dual‐Mode MRI and MRI‐Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Jiang Gexuan , Fan Di , Tian Jiesheng , Xiang Zhichu , Fang Qiaojun
Published: May 2022

Nanomaterials as T1/T2 dual‐mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have great potential in improving the accuracy of tumor diagnosis. Applications of such materials, however, are limited by the complicated chemical synthesis process and potential biosafety issues. In this study, the biosynthesis of manganese (Mn)‐doped magnetosomes (MagMn) that not only can be used in T1/T2 dual‐mode MR imaging with self‐confirmation for tumor detection, but also improve the photothermal conversion efficiency for MRI‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) is reported. The MagMn nanoparticles (NPs) are naturally produced through the biomineralization of magnetotactic bacteria by doping Mn into the ferromagnetic iron oxide crystals. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that targeting peptides functionalized MagMn enhanced both T1 and T2 MRI signals in tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth by the further MRI‐guided PTT. It is envisioned that the biosynthesized multifunctional MagMn nanoplatform may serve as a potential theranostic agent for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Acidic Hydrogen‐Tethered Allylic Carbonates for Phosphine‐Catalyzed (4+2) Annulation of Sulfamate‐Derived Cyclic Imines
Authors: Liu Min , Liao Jianning , Dong Yujie , Shi Wangyu , Hu Yimin , Xu Jiaqing , Wang Wei , Xu Yong , Guo Hongchao
Published: May 2022

The acidic hydrogen‐tethered allylic carbonates were successfully applied in phosphine catalysis. Their (4+2) annulation reaction with sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines under phosphine catalysis worked well to produce tetrahydropyridine‐fused heterocyclic compounds in high yields. A moderate ee was obtained in the initial screening. The zwitterionic intermediate produced through in‐situ deprotonation functioned as a four‐membered synthon.

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Elastic and Inelastic Spin Transport in SrTiO3‐based Magnetic Heterostructure
Authors: Soya Nozomi , Katase Takayoshi , Ando Kazuya
Published: May 2022

With recent developments in the field of spin‐orbitronics, two‐dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with Rashba‐type spin‐orbit coupling have emerged as an important component of spin‐based devices. One of the promising platforms is the 2DEG in SrTiO3‐based structures, which has been the fundamental building block of oxide electronics. The 2DEG formed due to the redox reactions at metal/SrTiO3 interfaces has been incorporated into magnetic heterostructures, demonstrating efficient spin‐to‐charge conversion through the inverse Edelstein effect due to the sizable Rashba spin‐orbit coupling. However, evidence for the charge‐to‐spin conversion, a technologically more important process, has been lacking, and furthermore, the spin transport mechanism in the magnetic heterostructure has been unclear. Here, the charge‐to‐spin conversion induced by the direct Edelstein effect in the 2DEG at an Al/SrTiO3 interface is demonstrated. The effective charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency of the 2DEG exceeds 10% at room temperature, which is comparable to that of the archetypal spin‐to‐charge converter, Pt. The high effective charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency is found to be suppressed by decreasing temperature, demonstrating a crossover of the dominant spin transport mechanism from the inelastic tunneling to elastic tunneling induced by decreasing temperature. These findings will provide a clue to unlock the full potential of oxide‐based spin‐orbitronic devices.
Modelling torus behaviour in a fish farming cage
Authors: Nishikawa Haruka , Fukushima Hisashi
Published: May 2022

Since it is not usually possible to observe all of the fish in a school, it is difficult to monitor farmed fish in a crowded cage with the aim of scrutinising their condition. One possible solution to this problem is the use of simulations. The aim of this study is to simulate fish movement in a cage to be able to propose an optimal monitoring method based on limited observations made by instruments. In this study, we observed a Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) school in a fish cage at a fish farm and attempted to simulate their movement. The Yellowtail, while milling in a cage, forms a stable truncated cone‐shaped school. We successfully reproduced this shape of school by including the effects of negative phototropism and the hypothetical forces that fish experience from the cage wall, in addition to the forces of attraction, repulsion and orientation that have been postulated in previous studies. We also included the effect of intraspecific interaction. We hypothesise that longer fish exert a greater repulsive force on smaller fish. The results of our simulation suggest that the position of any fish in a school is thus a function of its length.
Efficient and Explainable Deep Neural Networks for Airway Symptom Detection in Support of Wearable Health Technology
Authors: Groh René , Lei Zhengdong , Martignetti Lisa , Li-Jessen Nicole Y. K. , Kist Andreas M.
Published: May 2022

Mobile health wearables are often embedded with small processors for signal acquisition and analysis. These embedded wearable systems are, however, limited with low available memory and computational power. Advances in machine learning, especially deep neural networks (DNNs), have been adopted for efficient and intelligent applications to overcome constrained computational environments. Herein, evolutionary algorithms are used to find novel DNNs that are accurate in classifying airway symptoms while allowing wearable deployment. As opposed to typical microphone‐acoustic signals, mechano‐acoustic data signals, which did not contain identifiable speech information for better privacy protection, are acquired from laboratory‐generated and publicly available datasets. The optimized DNNs had a low model file size of less than 150 kB and predicted airway symptoms of interest with 81.49% accuracy on unseen data. By performing explainable AI techniques, namely occlusion experiments and class activation maps, mel‐frequency bands up to 8,000 Hz are found as the most important feature for the classification. It is further found that DNN decisions are consistently relying on these specific features, fostering trust and transparency of the proposed DNNs. The proposed efficient and explainable DNN is expected to support edge computing on mechano‐acoustic sensing wearables for remote, long‐term monitoring of airway symptoms.
Antler tine homologies and cervid systematics: A review of past and present controversies with special emphasis onElaphurus davidianus
Authors: Heckeberg Nicola S. , Zachos Frank E. , Kierdorf Uwe
Published: May 2022

Antlers are the most conspicuous trait of cervids and have been used in the past to establish a classification of their fossil and living representatives. Since the availability of molecular data, morphological characters have generally become less important for phylogenetic reconstructions. In recent years, however, the appreciation of morphological characters has increased, and they are now more frequently used in addition to molecular data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cervids. A persistent challenge when using antler traits in deer systematics is finding a consensus on the homology of structures. Here, we review early and recent attempts to homologize antler structures and objections to this approach, compare and evaluate recent advances on antler homologies, and critically discuss these different views in order to offer a basis for further scientific exchange on the topic. We further present some developmental aspects of antler branching patterns and discuss their potential for reconstructing cervid systematics. The use of heterogeneous data for reconstructing phylogenies has resulted in partly conflicting hypotheses on the systematic position of certain cervid species, on which we also elaborate here. We address current discussions on the use of different molecular markers in cervid systematics and the question whether antler morphology and molecular data can provide a consistent picture on the evolutionary history of cervids. In this context, special attention is given to the antler morphology and the systematic position of the enigmatic Pere David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus).
Gambits: Theory and evidence
Authors: Maharaj Shiva , Polson Nick , Turk Christian
Published: May 2022

Gambits are central to human decision‐making. Our goal is to provide a theory of Gambits. A Gambit is a combination of psychological and technical factors designed to disrupt predictable play. Chess provides an environment to study gambits and behavioral game theory. Our theory is based on the Bellman optimality path for sequential decision‐making. This allows us to calculate the ‐values of a Gambit where material (usually a pawn) is sacrificed for dynamic play. On the empirical side, we study the effectiveness of a number of popular chess Gambits. This is a natural setting as chess Gambits require a sequential assessment of a set of moves (a.k.a. policy) after the Gambit has been accepted. Our analysis uses Stockfish 14.1 to calculate the optimal Bellman ‐values, which fundamentally measures if a position is winning or losing. To test whether Bellman's equation holds in play, we estimate the transition probabilities to the next board state via a database of expert human play. This then allows us to test whether the Gambiteer is following the optimal path in his decision‐making. Our methodology is applied to the popular Stafford and reverse Stafford (a.k.a. Boden–Kieretsky–Morphy) Gambit and other common ones including the Smith–Morra, Goring, Danish and Halloween Gambits. We build on research in human decision‐making by proving an irrational skewness preference within agents in chess. We conclude with directions for future research.
Green process innovations and firm marketing performance in the emerging markets
Authors: Mehraj Danish , Kaur Simranpreet
Published: May 2022

Green issues have become imperative to business decision‐makers as industries face intensifying public sensitivity, stricter regulation, and mounting stakeholder pressures engrossed in preserving the natural environment. This increasing pressure is forcing businesses to the adoption of green marketing practices. In an attempt to revisit present‐day severe environmental issues, this paper studies the significant role of green process innovation in the Indian context. Data was collected from 400 manufacturing firms and was analyzed using the appropriate statistical tools to validate the model. The results suggest green process innovation plays a significant role in the relationship between green marketing practices and firm market performance. The findings contribute to the theory of the green marketing concept. Since this study's results expand the existing literature on the adoption of green marketing practices, valuable insights can be endowed to businesses and regulators for preserving the natural environment by considering green process innovation. Further, it offers wide‐ranging implications for managers, marketers and policymakers, which can help them improve their business operations and provide them with a competitive advantage over their competitors.
Wearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Chen Mengmeng , Peng Yuan , Li Shuang , Han Dianpeng , Ren Shuyue , Qin Kang , Li Sen , Han Tie , Wang Yu , Gao Zhixian
Published: May 2022

Fatigue causes deleterious effects to physical and mental health of human being and may cause loss of lives. Therefore, the adverse effects of fatigue on individuals and the society are massive. With the ever‐increasing frequency of overtraining among modern military and sports personnel, timely, portable and accurate fatigue diagnosis is essential to avoid fatigue‐induced accidents. However, traditional detection methods require complex sample preparation and blood sampling processes, which cannot meet the timeliness and portability of fatigue diagnosis. With the development of flexible materials and biosensing technology, wearable biosensors have attracted increased attention to the researchers. Wearable biosensors collect biomarkers from noninvasive biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, and tears, followed by biosensing with the help of biosensing modules continuously and quantitatively. The detection signal can then be transmitted through wireless communication modules that constitute a method for real‐time understanding of abnormality. Recent developments of wearable biosensors are focused on miniaturized wearable electrochemistry and optical biosensors for metabolites detection, of which, few have exhibited satisfactory results in medical diagnosis. However, detection performance limits the wide‐range applicability of wearable fatigue diagnosis. In this article, the application of wearable biosensors in fatigue diagnosis has been discussed. In fact, exploration of the composition of different biofluids and their potential toward fatigue diagnosis have been discussed here for the very first time. Moreover, discussions regarding the current bottlenecks in wearable fatigue biosensors and the latest advancements in biochemical reaction and data communication modules have been incorporated herein. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities were discussed for wearable fatigue diagnosis in the future.
Enantioseparation of linezolid and tedizolid using validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Verma Nishant , Kumar Rajender , Tyagi Inderjeet , Gaur Aprajita , Bala Renu
Published: May 2022

This paper reports the separation of two chiral antibacterial agents namely, linezolid and tedizolid using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method. In the current work, glycopeptide‐based chiral column, CHIROBIOTIC® V2 (5‐μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 4.6 mm) was employed with a mobile phase containing methanol and 0.15% aq. trifluoracetic acid (75:25%, v/v) in isocratic elution approach at flow rate of 1 ml min−1. The separation condition was customized (in terms of resolution values and retention times) was carried out by changing the content of the mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, and so on. Results showed that the chromatographic separation was achieved within 15 min and average resolution values were 4.6 and 4.8 for tedizolid and linezolid, respectively. The detection limit values were 14.85 and 14.16 ng ml−1, respectively, for tedizolid enantiomers. Further, validation of separation parameters was performed by considering the international conference on harmonization guidelines, and ultimately, the mechanism of chiral recognition was also established.
Topographic organization underlies intrinsic and morphological heterogeneity of central amygdala neurons expressing corticotropin‐releasing hormone
Authors: Li Jun‐Nan , Chen Kevin , Sheets Patrick L.
Published: May 2022

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) network consists of a heterogeneous population of inhibitory GABAergic neurons distributed across distinct subregions. While the specific roles for molecularly defined CeA neurons have been extensively studied, our understanding of functional heterogeneity within classes of molecularly distinct CeA neurons remains incomplete. In addition, manipulation of genetically defined CeA neurons has produced inconsistent behavioral results potentially due to broad targeting across CeA subregions. Therefore, elucidating heterogeneity within molecularly defined neurons in subdivisions of the CeA is pivotal for gaining a complete understanding of how CeA circuits function. Here, we used a multifaceted approach involving transgenic reporter mice, brain slice electrophysiology, and neuronal morphology to dissect the heterogeneity of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in topographically distinct subregions of the CeA. Our results revealed that intrinsic and morphological properties of CRH‐expressing (CRH+) neurons in the lateral (CeL) and medial (CeM) subdivisions of the CeA were significantly different. We found that CeL‐CRH+ neurons are relatively homogeneous in morphology and firing profile. Conversely, CeM‐CRH+ neurons displayed heterogeneous electrophysiological and morphological phenotypes. Overall, these results show phenotypic differences between CRH+ neurons in CeL and CeM.
Sex‐specific characteristics of cells expressing the cannabinoid 1 receptor in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Ke Jin , Zhou Yuan , Liu Xue , Huang Tianwen , Wang Feng
Published: May 2022

It is becoming increasingly clear that robust sex differences exist in the processing of acute and chronic pain in both rodents and humans. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well characterized. The dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord is the fundamental building block of ascending and descending pain pathways. It has been shown that numerous neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems in the spinal cord, including the endocannabinoid system and its main receptor, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), play vital roles in processing nociceptive information. Our previous findings have shown that CB1R mRNA is widely expressed in the brain in sex‐dependent patterns. However, the sex‐, lamina‐, and cell‐type‐specific characteristics of CB1R expression in the spinal cord have not been fully described. In this study, the CB1R‐iCre‐EGFP mouse strain was generated to label and identify CB1R‐positive (CB1RGFP) cells. We reported no sex difference in CB1R expression in the lumbar dorsal horn of the spinal cord, but a dynamic distribution within superficial laminae II and III in female mice between estrus and nonestrus phases. Furthermore, the cell‐type‐specific CB1R expression pattern in the dorsal horn was similar in both sexes. Over 50% of CB1RGFP cells were GABAergic neurons, and approximately 25% were glycinergic and 20–30% were glutamatergic neurons. The CB1R‐expressing cells also represented a subset of spinal projection neurons. Overall, our work indicates a highly consistent distribution pattern of CB1RGFP cells in the dorsal horn of lumbar spinal cord in males and females.
Outpatient administration of naxitamab in combination with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in patients with refractory and/or relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma: Management of adverse events
Authors: Mora Jaume , Chan Godfrey C. , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Nysom Karsten , Bear Melissa K. , Tornøe Karen , Kushner Brian H.
Published: May 2022

Background

Naxitamab is a humanized GD2‐binding monoclonal antibody that received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for refractory or relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma limited to bone or bone marrow. Trial 201 (NCT03363373) is an ongoing global clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of naxitamab in combination with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in this population.

Aims

Here, we review the safety profile and adverse event (AE) management associated with naxitamab administration in a pediatric population, based on Trial 201 protocol guidelines and clinical trial experience.

Methods and Results

At least 50% of patients experienced pain, hypotension, bronchospasm, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and tachycardia, with the following reported at grade ≥3 AEs for at least 10% of patients: pain, hypotension, urticaria, and bronchospasm. These AEs were generally manageable in the outpatient setting using premedications, supportive therapies, and appropriate monitoring post‐infusion. Algorithms were established for infusion‐related AEs, including hypotension and bronchospasm, to provide guidance to investigators for early recognition and timely intervention, including medication and infusion rate modification or interruption, or treatment discontinuation, based on AE severity. Educating patients and caregivers on what to expect regarding premedication at home, experience during the infusion cycle, and post‐infusion monitoring helps optimize naxitamab treatment and supportive therapies and may reduce treatment burden.

Conclusion

This article highlights the protocol‐based recommendations for the management of acute AEs associated with outpatient naxitamab treatment in Trial 201. The authors recommend close monitoring and timely implementation of measures to ensure that patients can remain on treatment and obtain maximum clinical benefit from naxitamab therapy.
Impact analysis of government microblog participation in public management based on association analysis and edge computing
Authors: Hu Shiwen , Yao Ming
Published: May 2022

The government affairs microblogging platform helps the government to interact effectively with the public, thereby guiding the public to combine the demands of the real society with the expressions in the virtual community and achieve orderly public participation. This paper adopts a combination of association analysis and edge computing to analyze the impact of government microblog participation in public management. First, this paper designs a government microblog evaluation framework based on edge computing technology. Second, in order to deeply understand the relationship between highly active government microblogs and public trust, this paper evaluates the influence of government microblogs by correlating indicators such as forwarding volume and number of comments. The results show that the evaluation results obtained by this model have little difference with the expert evaluation results. The above scheme helps to deepen the theoretical study of media credibility in the context of social media.
A new applicable and multilayer design of nanoscale adder–subtractor using quantum‐dots
Authors: Gao Yuan , Mohammed Bayan Omar
Published: May 2022

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is a technique that can substitute silicon transistors. Besides, the computational architecture and systems are focused on nanoscale QCA in response to industry demands for energy‐efficient and high‐performance computing systems. Because of the importance of adder/subtractor designs in logical circuits, a novel QCA‐based adder/subtractor design is suggested in this study. A full adder is developed first, followed by a full subtractor. These QCA‐based adder/subtractor designs are simple, ultra‐efficient, constructive, and have easy input and output access. To create the required output, these circuits make use of quantum technology's intrinsic features. The QCADesigner program is used to assess the simulation findings of the recommended designs. Additionally, these designs are investigated in terms of complexity, clocking, cells, and latency. It shows that the recommended design is more efficient than standard designs regarding the area, cell count, and cost. These circuits are among the circuits in which easy access to inputs and outputs is provided, and their connection to other circuits makes them more practical. In addition to the above, the low number of cells, high speed, and easy implementation are among the innovations of the presented circuits.
Implant stability of narrow diameter implants in hyperglycemic patients—A 3‐month case–control study
Authors: Diehl Daniel , Winkler Marianna , Bilhan Hakan , Friedmann Anton
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim of this prospective case–control study was to compare the development of implant stability quotients of narrow diameter implants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy individuals within the first 3 months after implant insertion.

Methods

Sixteen patients with T2DM (HbA1C > 6.5%) as test group and 16 nondiabetic patients (HbA1C < 5.9%) as the control group were evaluated. All patients received narrow‐diameter tissue level implants in an edentulous area posterior to the canine. The implant stability was measured by means of resonance frequency analysis after 3 days, 7 days, 4 weeks, and 3 months postplacement. Statistical analysis of intergroup differences and correlation to HbA1c values and treated jaw was performed in PRISM 8.

Results

The means for implant stability quotients showed a significant increase between Day 3 and 3‐month assessment in both groups. No significant differences between study groups and no correlation of implant stability to HbA1c were found.

Conclusion

The present study shows encouraging clinical outcomes for narrow‐diameter implants inserted in the posterior zone in patients with uncontrolled T2DM.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Mauerwerk aus Ziegelsplittbeton‐Hohlblocksteinen der Nachkriegszeit
Authors: Hammerschmidt Verena , Pommer Georg , Kolbitsch Andreas
Published: May 2022

Die Tragfähigkeitsbewertung von Bestandsmauerwerk aus der Nachkriegszeit stellt besonders in Gebieten, wo aufgrund der Vielzahl an zerstörten Gebäuden rasch Wohnraum geschaffen werden musste, ein bedeutendes Thema dar. Aufgrund der fortschreitenden Lebensdauer der Gebäude und der damit verbundenen baulichen Maßnahmen sowie der innerstädtischen Wohnraumverdichtung ist das Mauerwerk hinsichtlich seiner Tragfähigkeit nachzuweisen. Unter anderem wurden im Zeitraum von 1945 bis 1965 speziell im Wohnbau Hohlblocksteine aus Ziegelsplittbeton, sog. Vibrosteine, als tragendes Mauerwerk verbaut. Da herkömmliche zerstörungsfreie und zerstörungsarme Prüfmethoden bei Hohlblocksteinen nur bedingt zur Festigkeitsbestimmung herangezogen werden können, ist die Kenntnis über die charakteristischen Materialeigenschaften von besonderer Relevanz. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden am Bestand Vibrosteine entnommen und experimentell Festigkeits‐ sowie Verformungseigenschaften an Mauerstein und Mauerwerk bestimmt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen sollen Aufschluss über das charakteristische Materialverhalten der Hohlblocksteine aus Ziegelsplittbeton der Nachkriegszeit geben und Grundlagen für zukünftige Tragfähigkeitsbewertungen des Gebäudebestands bieten.
Leistungsfähigkeit und Einsatzmöglichkeiten zementstabilisierter Lehmsteine
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Kotan Engin , Dehn Frank
Published: May 2022

An der Schnittstelle zwischen herkömmlichen Lehm‐ und modernen Massivbaustoffen haben sich in jüngerer Vergangenheit zementstabilisierte Lehmsteine als vielversprechende Alternative für den Mauerwerksbau entwickelt. Sie bergen das Potenzial, die ökologischen und ökonomischen Vorteile des Lehmbaus zu nutzen, ohne die übliche Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Feuchtigkeit aufzuweisen. Die gültigen Normen und Regelungen erlauben jedoch keine ingenieurmäßige Bemessung eines Mauerwerks aus zementstabilisierten Lehmsteinen. Zur Untersuchung des Potenzials zementstabilisierter Lehmsteine befasst sich der vorliegende Aufsatz daher eingehend mit den verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren der Herstellung, der Weiterverarbeitung zum Mauerwerk und der Witterung. Die Erkenntnisse und Angaben aus der Fachliteratur und der Anwendung in Ostafrika werden hierbei durch Druckfestigkeitsprüfungen an zementstabilisierten Lehmsteinen und Mauerwerksprüfkörpern verifiziert und ergänzt. Dieser ganzheitliche Ansatz ermöglicht eine Bewertung der Druckfestigkeit zementstabilisierter Lehmsteine mit einer anschließenden Bemessung in Anlehnung an das vereinfachte Verfahren nach Anhang A der DIN EN 1996‐3. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Ausblick auf künftige Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Anwendungsgrenzen eines Mauerwerks aus zementstabilisierten Lehmsteinen gegeben.
Preparation of MgAl layered double oxides and its adsorption kinetics for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in water
Authors: Gao Ruqin , Huang Yingrui , He Jianling , Shi Wenjie , Huang Shiyu , Pan Lu , Pan Zhiyong , Li Guoting
Published: May 2022

Magnesium aluminum carbonate hydrotalcites (MgAl‐LDHs) were prepared by a coprecipitation method using magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate as raw materials, and then calcined at high temperature to obtain hydrotalcite‐like MgAl layered double oxides (MgAl‐LDOs). With ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as the target pollutant, and the adsorption kinetics of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by MgAl‐LDOs were assessed. The results show that: MgAl‐LDHs and MgAl‐LDOs are both mesoporous adsorbent materials. After MgAl‐LDHs were calcined at 400°C, their layered structure began to collapse partially. At the same time, their specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter increased from 123.593 m2/g, 0.666 cm3/g, and 21.54 nm to 185.908 m2/g, 1.414 cm3/g, and 30.42 nm, respectively. The ability of MgAl‐LDOs to remove ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in water is much greater than that of MgAl‐LDHs. The research has shown that when the concentration of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride solution is 10 mg/L, at a pH of 5, and a temperature of 25°C, the equilibrium adsorption capacity can reach 22.69 mg/g in 420 min. The results of the quasi‐first‐order kinetic model and the quasi‐second‐order kinetic model show that the parameter R2 of MgAl‐LDOs adsorption of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride exceeds 0.94. The fitting parameters qe = 22.96 mg/g (10 mg/L) and qe = 107.02 mg/g (50 mg/L) in the quasi‐first‐order kinetic model, and the fitting parameters qe = 25.02 mg/g (10 mg/L) and qe = 112.72 mg/g (50 mg/L) in the quasi‐second‐order kinetic model are practically consistent with the measured equilibrium adsorption capacity.
Analytical modeling of distributed network functions virtualization architectures and the impact of the distribution on the packet sojourn time
Authors: Ilievski Gjorgji , Latkoski Pero
Published: May 2022

Distribution of network functions virtualization (NFV) environment on multiple locations and datacenters is a hot topic in research and engineering communities. In this article, we are making analytical models to calculate the network packet sojourn time in three different scenarios: classical NFV environment where all NFV elements are on the same location, distributed architecture of the data plane with centralized management and orchestration (MANO) environment, and distributed environment where every location has its own data plane and MANO elements. The analytical models are tested and discussed through Matlab based simulations. Through the simulation results, we discuss the impact of changes of different parameters on the packet sojourn time, and we compare the architectures in order to see how they can be fitted in practical services provided in an NFV environment.
Backlash
Authors: Sosa Joseph Jay
Published: May 2022

Feminist anthropology offers conceptual and methodological clarity to the study of backlash, a phenomenon made salient once more by the global conservative turn of the 2010s. As contemporary crises of social reproduction have, once again, focused majoritarian angst and anger on women, queer people, immigrants, and people of color, scholars have returned (again) to discuss backlash. Critically, feminist anthropology can move past media narratives of backlash, which often emphasize the emotional habits of backlash perpetrators, to understand how backlash operates as a specific mode of power through the experiences of its targets. This keyword entry joins recent retheorizations in conceiving backlash not as a reactive event but rather as an elaboration of the ongoing logics of structural oppression. Critically examining media and scholarly analyses of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro's election and rise of the extreme right in Brazil as its case study, this entry examines how fieldwork‐based approaches offer expanded theoretical purchase on the backlash concept.
A hybrid volume of fluid and level set interface capturing scheme with quartic surface representation for unstructured meshes
Authors: Xiong Yunong , Xiao Feng , Xie Bin
Published: May 2022

In this article, we developed a hybrid volume of fluid (VOF) and level set interface capturing scheme with quartic surface representation for unstructured meshes. The so‐called tangent of hyperbola interface capturing‐scaling scheme with quartic surface representation (THINC‐scaling/QSR) preserves the merits of the mass/volume conservativeness from the VOF scheme along with the geometric faithfulness from the level set scheme. Compared with linear/quadratic surface representation used in many other interface capturing schemes, the fluid interface is defined more precisely as a quartic polynomial surface of the THINC function which synchronize the interface between the VOF and level set functions in a straightforward solution procedure. We update the VOF function using a finite volume formulation. The level set function is first locally updated via a semi‐Lagrangian method for interface cells and then reinitialized within each time step. Two‐dimensional algorithm has been developed and verified by some benchmark tests on unstructured meshes. Convincing evidence suggests that the present scheme, with quartic surface representation, can provide high‐fidelity solution with more pronounced sub‐grid interface capturing capability than other most advanced methods.
A unique cerebellar pattern of microglia activation in a mouse model of encephalopathy of prematurity
Authors: Klein Luisa , Van Steenwinckel Juliette , Fleiss Bobbi , Scheuer Till , Bührer Christoph , Faivre Valerie , Lemoine Sophie , Blugeon Corinne , Schwendimann Leslie , Csaba Zsolt , Bokobza Cindy , Vousden Dulcie A. , Lerch Jason P. , Vernon Anthony C. , Gressens Pierre , Schmitz Thomas
Published: May 2022

Preterm infants often show pathologies of the cerebellum, which are associated with impaired motor performance, lower IQ and poor language skills at school ages. Using a mouse model of inflammation‐induced encephalopathy of prematurity driven by systemic administration of pro‐inflammatory IL‐1β, we sought to uncover causes of cerebellar damage. In this model, IL‐1β is administered between postnatal day (P) 1 to day 5, a timing equivalent to the last trimester for brain development in humans. Structural MRI analysis revealed that systemic IL‐1β treatment induced specific reductions in gray and white matter volumes of the mouse cerebellar lobules I and II (5% false discovery rate [FDR]) from P15 onwards. Preceding these MRI‐detectable cerebellar volume changes, we observed damage to oligodendroglia, with reduced proliferation of OLIG2+ cells at P10 and reduced levels of the myelin proteins myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) at P10 and P15. Increased density of IBA1+ cerebellar microglia were observed both at P5 and P45, with evidence for increased microglial proliferation at P5 and P10. Comparison of the transcriptome of microglia isolated from P5 cerebellums and cerebrums revealed significant enrichment of pro‐inflammatory markers in microglia from both regions, but cerebellar microglia displayed a unique type I interferon signaling dysregulation. Collectively, these data suggest that perinatal inflammation driven by systemic IL‐1β leads to specific cerebellar volume deficits, which likely reflect oligodendrocyte pathology downstream of microglial activation. Further studies are now required to confirm the potential of protective strategies aimed at preventing sustained type I interferon signaling driven by cerebellar microglia as an important therapeutic target.
Additional parameters to improve the prognostic value of the 8th edition of the UICC classification for human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal tumors
Authors: Straetmans Jos M. J. A. A. , Stuut Marijn , Lacko Martin , Hoebers Frank , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Kremer Bernd
Published: May 2022

Background

The prognostic reliability of the UICC's TNM classification (8th edition) for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) compared to the 7th edition was explored, and its improvement by using additional anatomical and nonanatomical parameters.

Methods

One hundred and ten HPV‐positive and 225 HPV‐negative TSCCs were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was correlated with patient and tumor characteristics (7th and 8th edition UICC TNM classification).

Results

In HPV‐positive TSCCs, the 8th edition UICC's TNM classification correlated better with prognosis than the 7th edition. Also, smoking status was a stronger prognosticator of survival than UICC staging. Non‐ or former smokers had a 5‐year overall survival of 95.1% regardless of tumor stage. Furthermore, age (>65 years), cN3, and M1 classification were significant prognostic factors.

Conclusion

The prognostic value of the 8th edition UICC's TNM classification improved significantly when compared to the 7th edition. Nonetheless, further improvement is possible by adding nonanatomical factors (smoking, age >65 year) and separating N0‐N2 from N3.
The HR ecosystem framework: Examining strategic HRM tensions in knowledge‐intensive organizations with boundary‐crossing professionals
Authors: Donnelly Rory , Hughes Emma
Published: May 2022

In this article, we use Snell & Morris' (2021) new HR ecosystem framework to empirically examine strategic fit and alignment tensions for knowledge‐intensive organizations and professional knowledge workers. Rich data were collected through in‐depth interviews with 75 members of faculty engaged in knowledge‐intensive work for Business and Management Schools (B&M), and the analysis of strategy documents. The application of the framework enables us to contribute to dynamic capabilities theory and SHRM in four ways. Firstly, drawing on the findings, we propose an adapted HR Ecosystem framework for analyzing knowledge‐intensive organizations, which incorporates tensions across the four subsystems of an HR ecosystem (strategy, capabilities, composition, and cultures). These tensions are shaped by interactions within and between levels (meso, macro and micro) and ecosystems. Secondly, our findings underscore the need for knowledge‐intensive organizations to engage with a plurality of collaborative and competing internal and external stakeholder interests, including those of knowledge workers who constitute key organizational stakeholders. Thirdly, our analysis shows how the views and behaviors of internal organizational stakeholders are affected by ecosystem dynamics within and beyond the physical boundaries of an organization. Fourthly, we reveal how conflicting organizational cultures connect with other HR ecosystem subsystems to constrain collegialism and cohesion. By evidencing how knowledge‐intensive organizations are in a constant flux of alignment and misalignment, the article demonstrates the value of the HR ecosystem framework in examining and informing SHRM in organizations in other industries.