bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Girl – Child Education in Nigeria: Implication for Counselling
Authors: B. I. Ajufo
Published: October 2019

Nigeria recognizes education as a fundamental human right and is a signatory to many international
conventions aimed at bridging gender imbalance in education. Despite this, Nigeria still faces a lot of
challenges in popularizing the concept and importance of girl- child education. There is still a national gender
disparity in basic education enrolment, retention and completion against the girl – child. Available statistics
revealed that out of 10 million children in Nigeria, about 60 percent are girls who are out of school. Realizing
that educating the girl - child helps to make communities and societies healthier, wealthier and safer, and can
also help to reduce infant mortality, improve maternal health, and tackle the spread of HIV / AIDS, thus the
importance of girl - child education therefore cannot be overstated. It is in recognition of this importance that it is
said that “when you educate a man, you educate a person, but educate a woman, you educate a nation.”
Against this background, the study therefore investigated some barriers to attaining formal education by the
Nigerian girl-child. The study employed a descriptive survey design. A self designed checklist on barriers to girlchild
education was used to gather information from 100 female adolescents randomly selected from three
main markets in Ibadan metropolis. Their age range was between 13 and 17 years with a mean age of 14.2
years and standard deviation of 2.1. The study employed a combination of both quantitative and qualitative
research methodologies. Data collected were analyzed using percentages. Findings revealed that poverty,
early marriage, male preference, illiteracy, cultural belief, teenage pregnancy, religious inclination and
ignorance/ negative parental attitude are some of the barriers to girl-child education in Nigeria. The findings of
the study further revealed that poverty had the highest percentage (48%) amongst the barriers to girl-child
education while inadequate school infrastructure had the least percentage (1%). Based on these findings, it
was recommended that counsellors should enlighten parents & general public through jingles on television and
radio on the importance of educating the girl-child and also introduce programmes aimed at promoting girl-child
education in Nigeria
Credible Future Leaders Production in a Depressed Economy: A Perception of
counselors in Secondary School in Abia State.
Authors: Ngozi Jombo-umeh , G.N. Okenwa , peter N. Chukwu
Published: October 2019

This study was designed to determine the possibility of using school counseling services for the production of
trustworthy and acceptable leaders using innovative methods. Two research questions and two hypotheses
guided the study Descriptive survey design was used for the study. A population of 330 guidance counselors in
Abia State secondary schools were used for the study. A 20-item structured questionnaire with a reliability
coefficient of 0.74 using Cronbach Alpha was usedfor data collection. Data were analysed using mean and ztest
conducted at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed high perception of counselors that school
counseling services can still produce trustworthy and generally accepted leaders for Nigeria using innovative
methods. It was recommended that school counseling services should be strongly emphasized in secondary
schools and also the list of social ills in Nigeria, their consequences and their boomeranging effects on the
perpetrator should be used for general discussions during counseling sessions in order to rub them off the
minds ofstudents as a way of life.
Managing Teacher Education in Nigeria
Authors: L.C. Chukwu
Published: October 2019

The paper dwelt on managing teacher education in Nigeria. It made an indept conceptual clarification of
teacher, teaching and teacher education. The historical development of teacher education in Nigeria was then
addressed, including management of teacher education in Nigeria and the challenges facing. Such challenges
are poor funding and inadequate infrastructural provision amongst others. Recommendations which include
adequate funding and full professionalization of teaching profession in Nigeria amongst others.
Effect of Concept Mapping as an Innovative Teaching Method on Senior School
Students’ Interest in Chemistry
Authors: E. N. Offor
Published: October 2019

The study was designed to explore the effect of concept mapping as an innovative teaching method on senior
school students‟ interest in chemistry. The pre -test post- test quasi experimental design was adopted for the
study. The population for the study comprised 1425 senior secondary two (SS2) chemistry students in Agbani
Education Zone. A total of 189 SS2 chemistry students were drawn from three secondary schools selected in
the zone through purposive sampling method. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. In
each of the schools used for the study, all the chemistry students in their intact classes were used. The
experimental group was taught using concept mapping while the control group was taught using the lecture
method of teaching. The treatment lasted for six weeks. The instrument for data collection was Chemistry
Interest Scale (CIS). The CIS was validated by three experts. Before the treatment commenced, a pre- interest
scale was administered and a reliability coefficient of 0.72 was established using Cronbach Alpha. The data
collected was analyzed using analysis of co variance (ANCOVA). The result of the data analysis showed that
there is a significant difference between the mean interest scores of students taught chemistry with concept
mapping and those taught with lecture method. The study concludes by recommending that concept mapping
method of teaching should be adopted in teaching of chemistry as this has helped to stimulate interest in
chemistry which will help to enhance their achievement.
Impact of Principals’ Leadership Styles in the Security of Public Secondary
Schools in Enugu State
Authors: Ada A. Eze , M.O. Igwe
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the impact of principals‟ leadership stylesin the security of public secondary schools in
Enugu State. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Two research questions and two null
hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study consisted of all the 54 principals and 642 teachers in
Udi Education Zone of Enugu State. 10% of the teachers‟ population was used by the researcher for this study.
The researcher made used of a 13 item questionnaire which was faced validated by three experts in the Faculty
of Education, ESUT. The reliability of the instrument was determined by using Cronbach Alpha. The reliability
index was 0.74and it showed that the instrument was reliable. The data were analysed using mean with
standard deviation while t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that
the principals‟ autocratic leadership stylehas an impact in the security of secondary schools in Enugu State.
The recommendations made among others was that,government agencies should organize seminar and
conferences in order to expose the principals on the danger of security challenges in the schools and the
appropriate leadership style to apply to get an efficient result.
Quality Education: A Panacea for National Security.
Authors: K. Idike , J. U. Odo
Published: October 2019

There is a growing concern about the incoherent and adequacy of Nigeria‟s education system, which is
deepening the security situations in the country. This paper emphasizes the contributions of quality education to
national security. It stresses the fact that a nation's security is the product of quality education. This explains
why attention of the world it's being drawn to quality education as an instrument for quelling terrorism and
insecurity in developing countries including Nigeria. This is because education is the life wire of its industries
and also the foundation of moral regeneration and revival of his people. The study examines the concept of
education and national security; and highlighted the dimensions of insecurity in the country. Seen education in
this perspective cause for a review of the curriculum to reflect the national needs and mobilize the teeming
youth to access quality education, which will no doubt enhance national security
Inculcating Leadership Values in Nigerian Higher Education for Economic
Transformation and National Security.
Authors: F.N. Obiye
Published: October 2019

The study is on inculcating leadership values in Nigerian Higher Education for Economic Transformation and
National security. Higher education is known for its unique objective of training future leaders in all field of
human endeavour. They are regarded as citadel of learning where learners are to be taught societal accepted
values that should help in the actualization of a strong, egalitarian and united nation the country is meant to be.
When these right values are impacted into leaders to be and in leadership, then transformation and National
Security will be a work-over. The researcher suggested that leadership programmes should be included in the
curriculum.
Leadership Qualities and Business Skills Needed By Business Education
Students in Public Universities in South-East Nigeria for National Security.
Authors: N.G. Okwor , I.C. Ezeabii
Published: October 2019

The study focused on leadership qualities and business skills needed by business education students in public
universities in South-East Nigeria for national security. Survey research design was adopted. Two research
questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of significance guided the study. The population for the
study was 53 business educators (21 males and 32 females) in public universities in South East states of
Nigeria. The number was manageable hence, there was no sampling. Structured questionnaire containing a
total of 22 items was the instrument for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was determined using
Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient method. A correlation of .81 was obtained. Out of 53 copies of the
questionnaire distributed, 52 copies were returned giving 98.11% return rate. It was found out that: ability to
communicate( ̅ ), display honesty( ̅ ), solve problems( ̅ ) are among the leadership
qualities and the ability to prepare budget( ̅ ), set procedures for achieving plans( ̅ ), make
innovations( ̅ ) and use promotional tools( ̅ ) are among the business skills needed for by
business education students for national security. Also, possession of leadership qualities and business skills
are not gender biased. Recommendations made include: the identified leadership skills should be integrated in
the curriculum by stakeholders for training business education students and business educators should ensure
that the students are trained on the business skills identified to enable the students armed with salable skills
and contribute to national security.
Management and Leadership Issues in Secondary Schools in Enugu East Local
Government Area of Enugu State.
Authors: Genevieve  N. Agbo , A.A. Ezeagu
Published: October 2019

Management involves a sequence of coordinated events such as planning organizing, coordinating and
controlling in order to use available human and natural resources at the disposal of the manager to achieve
desired goals. In this paper an attempt was made to look at the various functions of the Principals and their
leadership skills in managing the pupil, teaching and community personnel at his disposal and the available
material resources to achieve success in the school system. The Principal primary aim is to maintain and
promote curriculum and instructional development, school community relationship, pupil personnel
management, staff personnel management, physical facilities management and financial management and
school business. It is the Principal that gives directive to policy implementation and ensure that the
achievement of the set objectives is maintained.
Availability of Security Devices for Effective Management of Secondary School
in Enugu State for National Security.
Authors: Gerald C. ozoagu , C. O. Ogbuabor
Published: October 2019

The study assessed the extent of availability of security devices in secondary schools in Enugu State for
effective security management. One research question and one research hypothesis guided the study. The
study was a descriptive survey, involving 305 principals. Data were collected using questionnaire titled Extent of
Security Devices in Secondary Schools (ESDSS). Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the
research questions, while z-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis at the alpha level of 0.05. The findings
reveal that secondary schools in Enugu State do not have adequate security devices to ensure safety in the
schools. Based on the finding, it was recommended that school management should take the issue of security
as a matter of priority and so allocate funds for the purchasing of such security devices as video surveillance
(CCTV), sprinkler system to control fire damage, metal dictators, lightening system on sensitive areas among
other devices.
The Role of Literature in Enhancing Quality Leadership and Promoting National
Security.
Authors: Ani Calistus
Published: October 2019

This paper is to explore the possible ways of using literature to enhance quality leadership and promote
national security. Literature enhances quality leadership and promote national security because it ex-rays
human vices such as corruption, cultism, kidnapping, religious crises, unemployment and their impact in nation
building. It also ex-rays some elements of good leadership such as patriotism, endurance, tolerance etc which
are vital traits to quality leadership. Literature has not effectively played its role of enhancing quality leadership
and has not effectively promoted national security because many Nigerians do not make out time to read
especially literary works. Secondly, literature is not a compulsory subject in secondary schools and is not taught
in many schools by literature specialists or English specialists. In addition to the above factors affecting the use
of literature to enhance quality leadership and national security, many schools do not have good literary
textbooks in their library. This makes it difficult for many people especially students to have access to many
literary textbooks. For literature to achieve its objective of enhancing quality leadership and national security,
people should develop interest in reading especially literary textbooks. Literature should be taught in schools by
literature specialists or English specialists to enable students develop interest in reading. Literary textbooks in
literature should be stocked in school library to enable people especially students have access to many literary
textbooks.
Using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Secondary Schools
in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects.
Authors: N.N. Christiana
Published: October 2019

There is no doubt that modern life is dominated by technology. Although it has been rightly said that what is
wrong with education cannot be fixed with technology, there is a universal recognition of the need to use
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education as we enter the era of globalization where the
free flow of information via satellite and the internet hold sway in the dissemination of knowledge and
information. Already, Nigeria is on the wrong side of the international digital divide, as it has not made
significant effort to integrate ICT into secondary school curriculum. A great deal of instructional and
administrative work in secondary school in Nigeria is still carried out manually. This paper, therefore, examines
the major obstacles militating against the use of ICT in secondary education in Nigeria. It identifies the
high cost of computer hardware and software, weak infrastructure, lack of human skills and knowledge in ICT,
and lack of relevant software appropriate and culturally suitable to Nigeria as the major stumbling block of the
adoption of ICT in secondary education in Nigeria. Also, secondary schools in Nigeria are not given
adequate funds to provide furniture, relevant textbooks and adequate classroom let alone being given
adequate fund for high-tech equipment. At present the cost of subscribing to the Internet is too high for many
of the impoverished secondary schools in Nigeria. Nigeria needs ICT to aid teaching, learning and educational
management. ICT is an instrument for economic and technological development in the 21st century.
Therefore, Nigeria cannot afford to be on the wrong side of the digital divide.
Utilization of Science Education for Promoting National Security in Nigeria: A
Study of Ebonyi State.
Authors: A. U. David
Published: October 2019

National Security has been a serious issue in Nigeria. The nation is faced with a host of complex security
challenges, ranging from violent extremism and insurgency to piracy, kidnapping for ransom, herdsmen
menace, attacks on oil infrastructure, drug trafficking, organized crime, etc. Several efforts have been made by
national security agencies to provide effective and enduring security mechanisms, yet, the problem of national
insecurity has remained unabated. This study examined the utilization of Science Education for promoting
National security in Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted
case study research design. The population comprised 322 students of the School of Sciences of Ebonyi State
College of Education Ikwo. The entire population was used for the study. The instrument used for quantitative
data collection was a researcher-made structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts in
Science Education. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate
with overall index of 0.77. The research questions were answered using mean with standard deviation while the
hypotheses were tested using t-test. The study found that Science Education can effectively be utilized (X =
3.78) in promoting National security in Nigeria. The study also identified some factors such as inadequate
funding, lack of well-equipped science laboratories, among others (X = 3.89) that hinder effective utilization of
Science Education for promoting National security in Nigeria. The researcher recommended among other
things that Science Education should be given priority in the National education policy so as to enhance
National security in Nigeria.
Counseling for Educational Adjustment in Secondary Schools.
Authors: O.G. Otiji , R.U. Chidiobi
Published: October 2019

This paper is focused on the counseling for educational adjustment in secondary schools. The paper highlights
the concept of counseling for educational adjustment, provision of assistance to carrier choices and adjusts to
curriculum and school life in general. The need for facilities in quality counseling services stressing quality
facilities promotes effectives services. The need for all stakeholders in education to come together and analyze
the current educational provisions and situations of our youths in an attempt to re direct the curriculum to meet
the changing demands of this century. Educational guidance is essential in the counseling services, guiding
young people to pursue the right type of education is necessary, while ensuring that the right balance is kept in
order to meet the human resource need of a nation. Recommendations were made which includes the need for
increased education funding for the training of qualified guidance and counseling personnel and provision for
adequate fallibilities.
Effect of Concept Mapping on Secondary School Students’ Achievement and
Retention in Physics in Enugu State.
Authors: R.C. Anamezie
Published: October 2019

This study sought to determine the effect ofconcept mapping on secondary school students‟ achievement and
retention in physics. Four research questions and six hypotheses guided the study. Pretest-posttest non
randomized control group design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in Agbani education
zone of Enugu State, where a sample of one hundred and fifty-six (156) senior secondary school one (SSS 1)
students was drawn from four intact classes. Technique adopted for sampling was purposive multistage
stratified random sampling. Instrument used for data collection was Physics Achievement Test (PAT). The
instrument was constructed by the researcher and validated by three research experts. PAT yielded a stability
coefficient of .71 obtained through test –retest approach. PAT also yielded a reliability coefficient of .65
obtained by Kudar-Richardson 20 formula. Research questions were answered using mean and standard
deviation. Hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Major findings of the study
showed that the experimental group achieved higher and retained more physics than their counterparts in the
control group. Also male and female students did not differ significantly in their achievement and retention in
physics. It was recommended that concept mapping be used in teaching secondary school physics.
دخول النون في الأصول غير الثلاثية بين الأصالة والزيادة باب العين في معجم العين للخليل نموذجًا دراسة صوتية صرفية
Authors: أحمد عبد الوهاب
Published: October 2019

يتناول بحث (دخول النون في الأصول غير الثلاثية بين الأصالة والزيادة، باب العين في معجم العين للخليل نموذجًا، دراسة صوتية صرفية) دخول النون في الأبنية غير الثلاثية بين الأصالة والزيادة، وتعد النون أصلية بشرطين: أحدهما- أنه ليس هناك علاقة دلالية بين المادة في صورتها الثلاثية بدونها، والمادة في صورتها غير الثلاثية  معها. ثانيهما- إهمال الأصل الثلاثي بدون النون. ويمكننا اعتبارها زائدة إذا وُجِدت علاقة دلالية بين الصيغتين بالنون ومن دونها. 

وقد خلص البحث إلى وجود أسباب صوتية وغير صوتية لها أثر في تحديد أصالة النون أو زيادتها بالكلمة، ومنها: قرب مخارج الأصوات في الأصل الثلاثي قبل إدخال النون، وجفاء تركيب الثلاثي وثقله مع بعد المخارج، و سنن العرب في إهمال بعض الأصول، ومنها الثلاثي. أما الأسباب غير الصوتية التي تؤثر في تحديد وضع النون بين الأصالة والزيادة، فمنها: حاجة المتكلم إلى الكلمات، و القيمة الذاتية للأصوات، زيادة المبنى زيادة في المعنى.

وقد خرج البحث ببعض النتائج، منها:

إقحام النون في الأصول الثلاثية لزيادتها يكون غالبا مصاحبًا للأصوات عميقة المخرج كأصوات الحلق أو أقصى الفم.

الموضع الشائع لإقحام النون في الأصول هو حشو الكلمة، وعلى النقيض يكاد ينعدم وجود النون في صدر الكلمة.

لا يُوضَع في ذيل الكلمة للأصول غير الثلاثيّة أيّ أصوات صنفها اللغويون على أنها أصوات ثقيلة.
واقع دور معلمات المرحلة الثانوية في تنمية الجانب العقلي للطالبات لمواكبة عصر اقتصاد المعرفة "تصور مقترح"
Authors: نياز حياة
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة معرفة واقع دور معلمات المرحلة الثانوية في تنمية الجانب العقلي للطالبات لمواكبة عصر اقتصاد المعرفة من وجهة نظر طالبات المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة جدة، والمعوقات التي تواجه المعلمات في تحقيق هذا الدور، ووضع تصور مقترح للارتقاء بدور المعلمة في تنمية هذا الجانب، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وتألفت عينة الدراسة من (857) طالبة و(275) معلمة، ومن نتائج الدراسة: أن درجة ممارسة معلمة المرحلة الثانوية لدورها في تنمية الجانب العقلي للطالبات جاء بتقدير متوسط. وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين درجة استجابة أفراد عينة الدراسة من الطالبات حول واقع دور المعلمة في تنمية الجانب العقلي لديهن لمواكبة عصر اقتصاد المعرفة لصالح طالبات: الصف الثالث ثانوي، التخصص العلمي، التعليم الأهلي. أن المتوسط العام للمعوقات التي تواجه معلمة المرحلة الثانوية في القيام بدورها في تنمية الجانب العقلي للطالبات لمواكبة اقتصاد المعرفة جاء بتقدير مرتفع.
YouTuber’s as Role-Models: A Study of the Ways YouTubers Influence Teenagers in the UAE.
Authors: الزرع ندى
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to give an overview of the current YouTube community, including what influence YouTubers have on their teenage viewers in the UAE and to what extent this influence on their life is considered positive or negative. YouTubers are seen as role models and are often followed by their teenage fans. However, parents often do not know about the online behavior of their children and the YouTubers they follow. Therefore, this study uses a qualitative study approach with a semi-structured interview technique. The sample consists of 30 teenagers based in the UAE. The research shows that YouTube has become part of the daily life of many teenagers. YouTubers do have influence on the behavior of teenagers, of which teenagers and their parents are unaware. This influence might not be completely negative but the lack of awareness might be.
أثر برنامج تدريبي قائم على مهارات التفكير فيما وراء المعرفة في خفض التحيزات المعرفية لدى الطلبة المستقويين في ليبيا
Authors: العلواني أ‌. وفاء , العتوم عدنان
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقصي أثر برنامج تدريبي قائم على مهارات التفكير فيما وراء المعرفة في خفض التحيزات المعرفية لدى الطلبة المستقويين في ليبيا، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة ، تم إعداد برنامج تدريبي قائم على مهارات التفكير فيما وراء المعرفة، وتطبيق مقياس الاستقواء، ومقياس التحيزات المعرفية بعد التحقق من الصدق والثبات. وقد تم اختيار مجموعة من الطلبة المستقويين من طلاب الصف الأول ثانوي في ليبيا، وتوزيعها عشوائيا على المجموعة التجريبية التي طبق عليها البرنامج التدريبي، والمجموعة الضابطة التي لم يطبق عليها البرنامج. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الأوساط الحسابية للتحيزات المعرفية البعدية بين المجموعتين: التجريبية، والضابطة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية.     كما أظهرت النتائج أن المتوسطات الحسابية للتحيزات المعرفية على اختبار المتابعة، كانت جميعها أقل من الاختبار البعدي باستثناء بعد القفز إلى الاستنتاجات.  وكانت الفروق دالة على الدرجة الكلية لمقياس التحيزات المعرفية، وبعد الانتباه للمهددات، ولصالح قياس المتابعة، مما يشير إلى استقرار أثر البرنامج بشكل عام ، وكذلك التحسن في فاعلية البرنامج ، أي انخفاض مستوى التحيزات المعرفية.
Professional Mistakes and Variables Associated with them in Clinical Social Work Practice
Authors: Al-Ma'seb Hend
Published: October 2019

Professional errors that clinical social workers make in their practice can affect not only the helping process, but also the social workers themselves and their clients. This study aims to explore the variables associated with professional errors in clinical social work practice. The sample (N = 198) used in the study consisted of social workers in Kuwait. The findings of the study revealed a significant relationship between the participants’ nationality and the theoretical knowledge errors component. In addition, a significant relationship was found between social work workshops and theoretical knowledge and ethics & values error components. A significant relationship was also found between familiarity with the latest empirical studies in social work and six types of professional errors, excepting terminations errors. However, the findings of the study showed that there are no significant relationships between variables like gender, age, and years of experience of the social workers and all types of professional errors.
العلاقة بين ممارسات إدارة المواهب ونواتجها بالتطبيق على البنوك السعودية بمنطقة تبوك
Authors: الحربي صالح , خليل نبيل
Published: October 2019

يهتم هذا البحث بتحديد أبعاد ممارسات إدارة المواهب وكذلك أبعاد النواتج المترتبة على تطبيقها في البنوك السعودية، كما تركز الدراسة على العلاقات بين أبعاد ممارسات إدارة المواهب ونواتج تطبيقها مع معرفة الاختلافات في ممارسات ونواتج إدارة المواهب باختلاف متغيرات الخلفية الشخصية والوظيفية. ويتمثل الهدف الرئيسي للدراسة الحالية في اختبار سته فروض تم استخلاصها في ضوء استعراض وتحليل الدراسات السابقة فيما يتعلق بالعلاقات بين ممارسات إدارة المواهب والنواتج المترتبة على تطبيقها. وقد تم جمع بيانات الدراسة من خلال 140 موظفا ومديرا يعملون في 12 بنكا من البنوك السعودية بمنطقة تبوك. وباستخدام أسلوبي التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي، تم التوصل إلى أربعة عوامل من ممارسات إدارة المواهب وهى تخطيط الاحتياجات والتعاقب والمسار الوظيفي، الاستقطاب والاختيار والاستبقاء، التحفيز وإدارة الأداء، وأخيرا التدريب والتنمية، وعاملين من النواتج المترتبة على تطبيق إدارة المواهب وهما نواتج داخلية ونواتج خارجية. وأخيرا، وجدت الدراسة اختلافات ذات دلالة احصائية معنوية في كل من متغيرات الممارسات والنواتج باختلاف متغيرات الخلفية الشخصية والاجتماعية والوظيفية لعينة الدراسة.
Comparison of Outcome of Decompressive Craniectomy with Wide Dural Flap Duraplasty Versus Dural Slits in the Management of Post Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma in Terms of Postoperative CSF Leak
Authors: ABBAS GHAYUR , KHAN RIFFAT ULLAH , ZUBAIR USAMA BIN , BHATTI SAJID NAZEER
Published: October 2019

Objective: To compare the frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after decompressive craniectomy with wide dural flap duraplasty versus dural slits in patients with post traumatic acute subdural hematoma.Material and Methods: The study was conducted from August 2017 to February 2018 in the Department of Neurosurgery, PIMS, Islamabad. A total of ninety-two (n = 92) adult patients of either gender between age 15-55 years presented with isolated, unilateral traumatic acute sub dural hematoma (ASDH) with midline shift of 5mm were categorized into 2 groups; Group A (DC with open dural flap) and Group B (DC with dural slits). Patients were observed for CSF leakage for four weeks.Results: Results showed that the overall frequency of CSF leak was not significantly different in both groups and revealed that the CSF leak was observed in 10.9% (n = 5/46) in group A (DC plus open dural flap) and in 21.7% (n = 10/46) in group B (DC plus dural slits) (P = 0.158). The difference was not significant in terms of frequency of CSF leak in both groups when results were stratified with respect to gender, age, duration of trauma and baseline GCS. P value (chi-square) was found to be > 0.05 in all cases.Conclusions: The postoperative CSF leak was observed in higher percentages in patients who underwent DC with dural slits as compared to the patients who underwent DC with open dural flaps for surgical management of ASDH. The difference, however, was not statistically significant.
Surgical Outcome of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) with Autologous Bone Graft from Iliac Bone and Miniplate Application Over It
Authors: -UR-REHMAN RIAZ , NAWAZ KHAN MUHAMMAD , . SAJJADULLAH , NASIR ATTIYA , UR-RAHMAN ANIF-
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To know the surgical outcome of ACDF with autologous bone graft from iliac bone and miniplate application over it.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1st June 2017 to 31 December 2018. Only those patients having prolapsed intervertebral cervical discs or cervical stenosis were included while those with multiple level involvement, trauma, fracture and previously operated patients for any cervical pathology were excluded. Pre-op and postoperative data were documented. For all patients, tricortical iliac bone autograft and rigid plate instrumentation was used to optimize fusion cervical collar was not used post op. Acquired data were analyzed with SPSS v20.Results: Total 83 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and enrolled in the study. Out of these, 48 patients were males and 35 were females. The age range was from 17 to 63 with a mean age 52 years ± 2.5.The C5 – C6 was the commonest site for fusion C6 – C7, C3 – C4 and C4 – C5 were less common. Odom’s criteria was applied to determine the outcome of the procedure. Excellent results were noted in 70 (82%). Ten (12.05%) patients had good results. Conclusion: The ACDF with the tricortical iliac bone autograft and mini plate application is the choice treatment in appropriately selected patients. It increases chances of fusion and abates the need for post op cervical collar.
Incidence & Management of Delayed Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks after Lumbar Spinal Surgery-Analysis of 10 Cases
Authors: MUKHTAR KHAN MUHAMMAD , KHAN FAIQAFILZA , DAD KHAN WASEEM
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in degenerative lumbar spine surgery are common, however, delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are quite rare in neurosurgical practice. Literature regarding its incidence and management is scant.Our aim was to describe the incidence & management of delayed CSF leaks after degenerative lumbar spine surgery. Material & Methods: This was a prospective study where all patients operated for lumbar disc or stenosis, who presented with the delayed CSF leak (> 1 week postoperatively) without intraoperative record of incidental durotomy were included. Data was collected about demographics, diagnosis, operative detail, postoperative course & management issues. Results: Ten out of 1128 patients developed delayed CSF leaks (0.89%). Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.1 ± 6.9 years with 6 (60%) males & 4 (40%) female. The most common spinal level was L5-S1 (50%). Eighty percent (n = 8) patients underwent primary surgery while 20% (n = 2) were revisions. Clinical features were headaches (80%), dizziness (70%) and altered sensorium in 20%. Mean time of the leak was 17.3 ± 2.2 days. Two patients resolved with bed rest and compression dressing while the lumbar drain was placed in 80%. Three (30%) patients of the 8 needed open repair of the dural defect. Complications of the CSF leak included wound infection in 60%, and meningitis in one (10%) patient. There were no cases of neurologic deficit. One case eventually developed infective discitis.
Outcome of Endoscopic Discectomy in Patients with Lumbar Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc
Authors: SHEIKH FAIQ , AHMAD USMANI FAHEEM , MALIK HAMMAD
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the outcome of endoscopic discectomyin patients with lumbar prolapsed intervertebral disc in terms of back pain and leg pain using the visual analogue scale.Material and Methods: Descriptive case series, was conducted at, PINS, LGH Lahore for 6 months. 15 patients were included through non probability consecutive sampling that fulfilled inclusion criteria. All patients’ low back pain and leg pain was documented using visual analogue scale before and after 2 months of surgery.On the basis of VAS we calculated % age improvement of low back pain and leg pain after endoscopic discectomy, while ? 5 scale improvement was considered clinically significant.Results: Patients mean age was 44.46 years. Among them, 9 (60%) were males and 6(40%) were females. On average, the basal metabolic index (Kg/m2) was 29.29 However, the BMI of females was 31.76 and male was 27.65 Kg/m2. On average, the duration of symptoms was 8.05 months. On average, the Straight Leg Raise was 24.7o at the time of treatment. A decreased sensation was observed in L5 of 3 (20%) and in S1 of 4 (26.67%) participants. Whereas Absent sensation was observed in L5 of 3(20%) and in S1 of 5 (33.33%). Mean preoperative back pain and as well as leg pain was 7.05 that improved to 0.41 and 0.86 4 weeks post operatively.Conclusion: Endoscopic discectomy is equally effective in alleviating the symptoms without notable difference in surgical outcome.
Impact of Frailty on 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Patients With Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures
Authors: Boissonneault Adam , Mener Amanda , Schwartz Andrew , Wilson Jacob , Staley Christopher , Schenker Mara
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between frailty and 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures. Furthermore, the authors sought to identify a specific frailty index score that would help identify high-risk patients. This retrospective study evaluated 229 consecutive patients 50 years or older who presented to a single level I trauma center for surgical fixation of an intertrochanteric femur fracture. Frailty was determined using a previously validated 11-point modified frailty index (mFI) scale. Primary outcome variables included 30-day morbidity and mortality. Of the 229 patients included in this study, 82 (36%) had a postoperative complication and there were 10 (4%) mortalities. The most common complications were delirium (n=40; 17%) and acute kidney injury (n=25; 11%). Mean mFI score for those who developed a postoperative complication was 0.24 compared with 0.14 for those who did not (
P
<.001). The mortality rate increased from 0% for mFI of 0 to 11% for mFI of 0.27 or more. Patients with an mFI of 0.27 or more were more than 9 times as likely to have a mortality compared with patients with an mFI of less than 0.27 (
P
=.006). This study demonstrates that the mFI is associated with 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients aged 50 years or older with intertrochanteric femur fractures. The authors identified an mFI score of 0.27 or more as the most robust predictor of increased 30-day morbidity and mortality following surgical fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(6):344–348.]
Adressing Special Educational Needs in Classroom with Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Atanasova Aneta , Yosifova Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

The focus of the current chapter is on humanoid robots as part of an inclusive education. It presents a brief overview of the main features of cyber physical systems which could be used as an advantage with children with special educational needs. Based on the specifics of the main types of special educational needs, a list of suggestions about the practical implications of educational robots to the classroom has been generated. A pilot study of the perception and attitude of children and teachers in a local Bulgarian school towards the application of cyber physical systems in education has been conducted. Based on previous research and the fundings of the pilot study, a few gaps of knowledge have been identified. First, the lack of empirical work on the application of technology to subjects, such as biology, chemistry, history, or to the development of social skills and creativity. Second, the scarce evidence of the long-term effects of interventions with children with special educational needs. Third, the lack of research on the attitudes of teachers with and without special educational needs children in the class towards educational robots. Last, but not least, the need for comparison of the perceptions and expectations of users of such technology across cultures.
Citizen as Sensors' Commitment in Urban Public Action
Authors: l'Her Gwendoline , Servières Myriam , Siret Daniel
Published: October 2019

Based on a case study in Rennes, the article presents how a group of urban public actors re-uses methods and technology from citizen sciences to raise the urban air quality issue in the public debate. The project gives a group of inhabitants the opportunity to follow air quality training and proceed PM2.5µm measurements. The authors question the impact of the ongoing hybridisation between citizen science and urban public action on participants' commitment. The authors present how the use of PM2.5-sensors during 11 weeks led to a disengagement phenomenon, even if the authors observe a strong participation to workshops. These results come from an interdisciplinary methodology using observations, interviews, and data analyses.
Medical Image Thresholding Using Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Membership Functions
Authors: Mishra Shashwati , Panda Mrutyunjaya
Published: October 2019

Thresholding is one of the important steps in image analysis process and used extensively in different image processing techniques. Medical image segmentation plays a very important role in surgery planning, identification of tumours, diagnosis of organs, etc. In this article, a novel approach for medical image segmentation is proposed using a hybrid technique of genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic can handle uncertain and imprecise information. Genetic algorithms help in global optimization, gives good results in noisy environments and supports multi-objective optimization. Gaussian, trapezoidal and triangular membership functions are used separately for calculating the entropy and finding the fitness value. CPU time, Root Mean Square Error, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are calculated using the three membership functions separately at threshold levels 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9. MRI images are considered for applying the proposed method and the results are analysed. The experimental results obtained prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Clustering Hybrid Data Using a Neighborhood Rough Set Based Algorithm and Expounding its Application
Authors: Goyal Akarsh , Chowdhury Rahul
Published: October 2019

In recent times, an enumerable number of clustering algorithms have been developed whose main function is to make sets of objects have almost the same features. But due to the presence of categorical data values, these algorithms face a challenge in their implementation. Also, some algorithms which are able to take care of categorical data are not able to process uncertainty in the values and therefore have stability issues. Thus, handling categorical data along with uncertainty has been made necessary owing to such difficulties. So, in 2007 an MMR algorithm was developed which was based on basic rough set theory. MMeR was proposed in 2009 which surpassed the results of MMR in taking care of categorical data but cannot be used robustly for hybrid data. In this article, the authors generalize the MMeR algorithm with neighborhood relations and make it a neighborhood rough set model which this article calls MMeNR (Min Mean Neighborhood Roughness). It takes care of the heterogeneous data. Also, the authors have extended the MMeNR method to make it suitable for various applications like geospatial data analysis and epidemiology.
Higher-Order Learning Outcomes in an Undergraduate IT Project Management Course
Authors: Budu Joseph
Published: October 2019

Achieving higher order learning outcomes may be normal in developed country higher-education institutions, but it may not so for most of those in developing countries with resource poverty which manifests in high student-teacher ratios for instance. Lecturers in developing countries tend to use less student-centered teaching methods which hamper the achievement of higher order learning outcomes. Unfortunately, this issue has been ignored in the general information systems education literature. This article therefore explores the relationship between teaching methods and the achievement of higher order learning outcomes by presenting and evaluating evidence of changes a lecturer made in delivering an undergraduate IT Project Management course over two academic years in a developing country context. Two lessons emerge. First, lecturers in developing country contexts should focus on turning out graduates with higher order thinking skills. Second, such educators should consider using contextually relevant teaching methods that lead to higher learning outcomes.
Identifying Student Satisfaction in the Flipped English Class Enhanced With Clickers
Authors: Yu Zhonggen
Published: October 2019

The flipped class has received great popularity in the last decade. This study, combining quantitative with qualitative research methods, randomly selected over 200 participants and adopted both structural equation modeling and bivariate correlation analysis, studied the factors influencing student satisfaction via corresponding scales that were evidenced valid and internally consistent. It was concluded that several factors, i.e., learner attitude, technology anxiety, teachers' prompt feedback, flexibility of CFLC, and perceived usefulness and ease of technology, exerted significant influence on student satisfaction. The data collected from the semi-structured interview supported the results as well. The design of CFLC should not ignore learner attitude, technology anxiety, teachers' prompt feedback, flexibility of CFLC, and perceived usefulness and ease of technology since they have great impact on student satisfaction. Future research, in need of multi-disciplinary cooperation, may also focus on course design, teacher satisfaction, and textbook choice.
Electronic Textbooks in Gauteng Public Schools
Authors: Masango Michack Mandla , Van Ryneveld Linda , Graham Marien Alet
Published: October 2019

The Gauteng Department of Education (GDE), a basic education department, is responsible for the management and administration of public educational institutions in the largest province in South Africa. The provision of learning and teaching support materials (LTSMs), including textbooks, is one of its core strategic obligations. GDE has introduced an information and communication technology (ICT) project through which schools are provided with LTSM in electronic format (e-LTSM). The first phase entailed the provision of smart-boards, laptops and tablets to grade 12 teachers and learners. This article addresses the research question on the envisaged advantages and disadvantages of electronic textbooks. A mixed method approach was utilised where 356 schools were selected to be given questionnaires and 35 schools would be interviewed. The theoretical framework applied was the technology acceptance model (TAM), with the focus on the perceived usefulness variable. The data analysis shows that the majority of schools regard the use of electronic textbooks as useful.
Partnering With Parents
Authors: Eutsler Lauren
Published: October 2019

Contributing to a decade of national research on device ownership and app usage, this study provides evidence of how children from 120 homes across 46 classrooms use apps and portable technology to support their reading development. Parent survey data reveals 99% of children use technology to support reading in the home, primarily on iPad and laptop devices. Apps used most frequently include Istation, YouTube, and PBS Kids Video. To gather parent perceptions and depth of children's technology use, 13 individual interviews were conducted with parents from the same sample. Parents preferred their child read with print books, yet parents allowed their child to use portable technology, in response to their child's interest in technology and general pressure to keep pace with technology skill demands. The finding that nearly all children in this study supported reading skills with portable technology in the home demonstrates the need to foster partnerships between parents and teachers that builds on children's technological knowledge and use to deepen learning between home and school.
Improving Teachers' Understanding of Theoretical Foundations of Technology Use
Authors: Yang Dazhi , Skelcher Shannon
Published: October 2019

Situated in a theoretical foundations of educational technology course, this study explored how practicing teachers who had not previously taken any formal learning theories courses connected theories with the use of technology. It examined the mindset of teachers after their learning and exposure to learning theories and relevant school of thoughts for a sustained period of time. Results show that teachers showed an appreciation for theories and an awareness for the need of theories in guiding technology use. Teachers also connected theories with technology use. The learning of theories equipped teachers with theoretical guidance and justifications for the use of technology. The participating teachers were also able to evaluate pedagogical approaches toward the use of technology based on their learning. The study addressed the importance of theoretical understanding towards the use of technology and has implications for policies and practice regarding teacher education and professional development regarding the use of educational technology.