bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervensi Massage dan Kinesio Tapping menurunkan Nyeri Musculus Hamstring
Authors: Suharto Suharto , Durahim Darwis , Leksonowati Sri Saadiyah
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Cedera pada hamstring umumnya terjadi karena adanya kerentanan atau kesalahan pada posisi anatomi. Pada pemain  futsal kebanyakan terjadi cedera strain hamstring pada saat lari biasa dan lari cepat atau sprint. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Massage effleurage dan Kinesio Tapping terhadap perubahan nyeri musculus hamstring pada pemain futsal. Penelitian ini adalah pre-experimental dengan desain one group pre test – post test. Sampel penelitian ini pasien yang mengalami nyeri musculus hamstring sehabis bermain futsal diberikan Massage effleurage dan kinesio tapping selama 4 minggu dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 kali seminggu. Alat ukur penelitian ini adalah VAS . Hasil uji wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwah ada pengaruh pemberian Massage effleurage dan Kinesio tapping terhadap perubahan nyeri musculus hamstring pada pemain futsal diperoleh nilai p ( 0,003) ( p<0,005). Kesimpulan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Massage dan Kinesio tapping dapat menurunkan nyeri musculus hamstring. Disarankan kepada pemain futsal agar memberikan massage dan menggunakan tapping apabila terajadi cedera otot hamstring akibat bemain futsal. Kata Kunci : Massage , Kinesio tapping,  musculus hamstring
Implementasi Discharge Planning Dengan Pendekatan Family Centered Nursing Terhadap Motivasi Keluarga Di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar
Authors: Larira Dina Mariana , Erika Kadek Ayu , Kadir Rahman
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan discharge planning dengan pendekatan family centered nursing terhadap motivasi keluarga dalam merawat pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin. Penelitian ini menggunakan posttest only with control group design dengan teknik “accidental sampling” sebanyak 30 orang dengan menggunakan instrumen (media) lembar discharge planning untuk variabel independen dan lembar kuesioner dan checklist untuk variabel dependen. Uji statistik t independen digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan antara kelompok interval dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian uji t independen diperoleh p=0,786 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata motivasi yang bermakna antara kelompok intervensi yang diberikan discharge planning dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan discharge planning. Meskipun demikian, hasil penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa discharge planning dengan pendekatan family centered nursing mutlak diterapkan sejak hari pertama pasien masuk ke rumah sakit karena pasien membutuhkan perawatan mulai dari pertama masuk ke rumah sakit hingga keluar dari rumah sakit.Kata Kunci: discharge planning, motivasi keluarga, family centered nursing
Efek Thoracic Manipulation Terhadap Perubahan Lingkup Gerak Sendi Cervical Pada Non-Specific Neck Pain
Authors: Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Madu Syahyu Ratih Fahria
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Non-spesific neck pain merupakan nyeri leher yang tidak beradiasi ke lengan atau upper extremitas, dimana nyeri terjadi pada area leher, occipital, dan punggung bagian atas. Pada umumnya nyeri muncul pada akhir keterbatasan ekstensi, lateral fleksi, rotasi, dan fleksi. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain randomized control group pre test – post test, bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan Thoracic Manipulation pada intervensi Ultrasound dan Muscle Energy Technique terhadap peningkatan LGS cervical pada penderita non-spesific neck pain. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa jurusan fisioterapi yang mengeluh non-spesific neck pain (sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi), dan diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 orang yang dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah inclinometer. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis uji paired sample t pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan diperoleh nilai p < 0,05 untuk LGS ekstensi, lateral fleksi, dan rotasi cervical, yang berarti bahwa kelompok kontrol (Ultrasound dan Muscle Energy Technique) dan kelompok perlakuan (Ultrasound, Muscle Energy Technique dan Thoracic Manipulation) dapat memberikan peningkatan LGS cervical yang signifikan. Berdasarkan uji independen sample t, diperoleh nilai p > 0,05 untuk LGS ekstensi, lateral fleksi, dan rotasi cervical, yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara Ultrasound, Muscle Energy Technique, Thoracic Manipulation dan Ultrasound, Muscle Energy Technique terhadap peningkatan LGS cervical. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan Thoracic Manipulation pada intervensi Ultrasound dan Muscle Energy Technique tidak lebih efektif secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan LGS cervical pada penderita non-spesific neck pain. Kata Kunci : Thoracic Manipulation, LGS Cervical, Non-Spesific Neck Pain
¿Por qué es necesario repensar la tributación minera y cómo hacerlo?
Authors: Azuaje Pirela Michelle
Published: July 2021

El precio del cobre sube y junto a ello volvió a la palestra también la discusión sobre el royalty minero en Chile, motivada por el proyecto de ley de 2018 que "establece en favor del Estado una compensación por la explotación de la minería del cobre y del litio" y que pasó este miércoles su primer trámite legislativo. Su objetivo es establecer un "derecho de compensación" para el Estado que le permita percibir el 3% del valor ad valorem de los minerales extraídos. Más allá de las típicas afirmaciones de acuerdo con las cuales se sostiene que esto es necesario, porque "la gran minería privada no paga lo suficiente", cabe preguntarse cuáles son los aspectos más relevantes de este debate y si existen argumentos jurídicos sólidos para instaurar un verdadero royalty, e incluso para repensar la tributación minera chilena en su conjunto. ¿Qué es un royalty y en qué se diferencia del impuesto específico a la minería?
Efecto del riesgo de tipo de cambio en la rentabilidad de los bonos soberanos en Colombia
Authors: Vargas-Páez Andrea Carolina , Ardila-Dueñas Carlos David
Published: July 2021

Este documento estudió el impacto de la devaluación y la volatilidad de la tasa de cambio sobre la estructura a plazos de las tasas de interés en Colombia durante el periodo 2008 - 2020. Para este fin se utilizaron modelos de series de tiempo univariados y multivariados con umbrales. Entre los resultados se observó un efecto no lineal de la devaluación y la volatilidad de la tasa de cambio sobre el nivel y la pendiente de la curva. El empinamiento generado por un choque de devaluación se duplica en escenarios de alta devaluación y volatilidad, sin embargo para este último el impacto es de de mayor tamaño y duración. A diferencia de los modelos lineales, las desvalorizaciones generadas por un mayor nivel de endeudamiento resultaron ser significativas en escenarios de alta incertidumbre de la tasa de cambio. Además encontramos que los inversionistas valoran más niveles bajos de volatilidad que bajas devaluaciones del tipo de cambio ante un incremento en la aversión al riesgo global.
Technical, Financial and Social Cultural of Feasibility Analysis of Combine Harvester in Rice Agribusiness in Tulang Bawang District, Lampung Province
Authors: Saputra Hendra
Published: July 2021

The objectives of this research were (1) to study the technical aspect of the combined harvester, (2) to calculate the feasibility of rice agribusiness using a combined harvester, (3) to measure adoption level of farmers towards combine harvester in Tulang Bawang District, Lampung Province. The research was carried out in two subdistricts, namely Rawajitu Selatan (represented by Gedung Karya Jitu village) and Rawapitu (represented by Bumi Sari village) of Tulang Bawang district from August 2015 to December 2015, and used survey method. The studied sample of 60 farmers (or 14.90% of 972) was determined with proportional random sampling.  Two sorts of data were collected, namely interview and direct observation on-site, and feasibility analysis on a combined harvester, including technical, financial, and socio-cultural aspects. The result revealed that from technical aspects, combine harvester needed 5 to 7 hours to harvest, produced an excellent quality of unhauled rice with affordable production cost, compared with the traditional method. The use of a combined harvester was financially feasible. This was shown by farmer income and B/C ratio, from socio-cultural aspects, farmers showed high scores of adaption level towards combine harvester, namely 16.29 and 13.06 for Gedung Karya Jitu and Bumi Sari village, respectively.
Reproductive Biology of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Batu Bulan Reservoir, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Muis Khoirul Fatah
Published: July 2021

Research about carp (Cyprinus carpio) reproductive biology in Batu Bulan Reservoir was conducted in April, May, July, and October 2016. This study aims to determine some biological aspects include the degree of gonad maturity, fecundity, spawning frequency and season, and length of the first gonad maturity. The results showed the sex ratio between male and female fish in April (1:5), May (1:3), July (1:3), and October (1:3), with an average of 1:3.5 with the Chi-Square test on the confidence interval. 95%, it turns out that the sex ratio does not follow the 1:1 pattern, or the sex ratio of the fish is not balanced. TKG II carp occurred every month of observation, while the ripe fish of TKG IV gonads were founded only in April, July, and October. The highest percentage of female fish ripe for TKG IV gonads was 45.32%, and males 67.40% were found in October. The size of the ripening female carp size in Batu Bulan Reservoir is 20.16 cm. Carp fecundity ranges from 1,439 to 40,281.
Planting Media Combination Effect on the Growth of Mucuna Bracteata Seeds by Applying Vermicompost
Authors: Kusumawati Anna , Riyanto Hendy
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of planting media on the growth of Mucuna bracteata by applying vermicompost. The research had been carried out in the practical garden of the Polytechnic of Lembaga Pendidikan Perkebunan, Wedomartani, Yogyakarta for 2 months from September to October 2019. The research method used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments. The treatment carried out was a combination of planting media, between soil and vermicompost, namely P0 (100% soil), P1 (80% soil and 20% vermicompost), P2 (60% soil and 40% vermicompost), P3 (40% soil and 60% vermicompost) and P4 (20% soil and 80% vermicompost). The parameters observed in the study were plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The results showed that the growth of Mucuna bracteate seedlings was influenced by the application of vermicompost. The highest plant height and stem diameter in Mucuna bracteate seedlings were obtained in P3 treatment (40% soil and 60% vermicompost), while the highest number of leaves was obtained from P4 treatment (20% soil and 80% vermicompost). Vermicompost can increase soil support for the growth of Mucuna bracteate seedlings so the growth of Mucuna bracteate increases.
ANALISIS KESEGARAN JASMANI DAN STATUS GIZI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENGGIRING BOLA DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KEPELATIHAN OLAHRAGA TA 2019 FKOR UNS
Authors: Matsuri Matsuri
Published: July 2021

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk  mengetahui hubungan tingkat kesegaran jasmani terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS, (2) Untuk  mengetahui hubungan status gizi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS, dan (3) Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kesegaran jasmani dan status gizi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS. Jenis penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan rancangan penelitian "korelasional". Populasinya adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS. Sampel yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS sebanyak 40 orang. Teknik penentuan sampel adalah dengan cara simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis koefisien korelasi Pearson product moment (r) melalui program SPSS 23.00 pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) hubungan antara tingkat kesegaran jasmani terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS sebesar 0,677 dalam kategori kuat, 2) hubungan antara status gizi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola dalam permainan sepakbola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR UNS sebesar 0,581 dalam kategori sedang, dan 3) hubungan antara tingkat kesegaran jasmani dengan status gizi terhadap keterampilan menggiring bola pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga TA 2019 FKOR  sebesar 0,774 dalam kategori kuat.Kata Kunci : Kesegaran jasmani, Status Gizi, Keterampilan Menggiring Bola.
SURVEI PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Bayu Wahyu Indra , Waluyo Waluyo , Victorian Ahmad Richard
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 membuat perubahan dalam dunia pendidikan yang sangat signifikan, salah satunya adalah proses pebelajaran yang dilakukan secara online atau dalam jaringan (daring). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara guru pendidikan jasmani dalam melakukan proses pebelajaran selama pandemi Covid-19. subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 20 guru pendidikan jasmani di Kecamatan Prajuritkulon Kota Mojokerto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 80% guru menggunakan aplikasi WhatApps untuk melakukan proses pebelajaran pendidikan jasmani, selebihnya menggunakan media google classrom (10%) dan Zoom Cloud Meeting (10%) sebagai sarana pebelajaran mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak guru yang belum dapat mengoperasikan beberapa aplikasi belajar secara online untuk menunjang proses pebelajaran pendidikan jasmani selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
SURVEY DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP KESADARAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN JASMANI STKIP PGRI JOMBANG DALAM PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN
Authors: Prasetyo Guntum Budi , Saputro Arnaz Anggoro , Saputra Yudi Dwi
Published: July 2021

Virus Corona merupakan jenis virus baru yang kini tengah menggemparkan dunia karena telah menginfeksi ribuan juta manusia di dunia dalam waktu yang singkat. Mengantisipasi penyebaran dan peningkatan jumlah penderita maka penerapan protokol kesehatan perlu dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Beberapa protokol kesehatan pada masa pandemi Corona adalah memakai masker, menerapkan social distancing atau jarak fisik, menjaga kebersihan tangan dan menerapkan etika batuk dan bersin. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadaran mahasiswa dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan pada saat terjadinya pandemi virus Corona. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dan studi observasional. Sedangkan proses pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui google survey dan whatsapp dengan jumlah sampel 130 peserta. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, sebagian besar mahasiswa telah menerapkan beberapa protokol kesehatan seperti memakai masker, menerapkan social distancing atau physical distancing serta menerapkan etika batuk dan bersin dengan baik. Namun penerapan protokol kesehatan seperti menjaga kebersihan tangan belum terlaksana dengan baik. 52,3 persen dan 56,9 persen partisipan tidak mencuci tangan sebelum makan dan tidak membawa hand sanitizer saat bepergian sebagai bentuk perlindungan diri.Kata Kunci:  Virus Corona; Protokol Kesehatan
KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PADA GEDUNG BULUTANGKIS
Authors: Irwanto Edi , Setyaningsih Puji , Qiram Ikhwanul
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan gedung bulutangkis se Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan survei pada lima gedung bulutangkis, Gedung GNI, Gedung Uniba, Gedung ABC 1 (RRHS), Gedung ABC 2, dan Gedung Rimba Raya. Pengukuran meliputi tinggi tata letak lampu, daya atau kapasitas lampu, luas bangunan, temperatur, intensitas cahaya, kelembapan udara. Alat yang digunakan ialah Thermometer untuk pengukuran temperature, Hygrometer untuk pengukuran kelembaban udara, Lux meter untuk pengukuran intensitas cahaya, Rollmeter untuk mengukur luas gedung dan tinggi tata letak lampu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan kondisi lingkungan gedung bulutangkis belum memenuhi SNI, Akan tetapi layak digunakan dengan melihat parameter kondisi dan situasional. Kata kunci: Kondisi Lingkungan, Gedung Bulutangkis
Potencial anti-inflamatório e antioxidante da Curcuma longa L
Authors: Corrêa Josiane Santos , Fernandes Gabriela Rocha , Batista Maely Oliveira , Ramos Denny Vitor Barbosa , Oliveira Daniel Batasini de , Oliveira César Augusto Batasini de
Published: July 2021

A presente pesquisa apresentou por objetivo a realização de uma pesquisa acerca da atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória apresentada pela espécie vegetal Curcuma longa Linn e foi desenvolvida através de levantamento bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa de natureza descritiva, seguindo a metodologia descrita por Augusto et al. (2013). Os artigos foram selecionados nos bancos de dados DrugBank, Google acadêmico e Scielo. Os descritores de busca foram: Curcuma longa, funções biológicas, compostos bioativos, ação antioxidante, aplicação clínica da C. longa, ação anti-inflamatória e neutralização de radicais livres publicados no período de 2010 a 2020 nos idiomas inglês e português. A atividade anti-inflamatória da C. longa L. deriva de sua capacidade em inibir a produção de proteínas que fazem parte do processo inflamatório, atuando na supressão das cascatas sinalizadoras inflamatórias. Também sugere que o mecanismo pelo qual a cúrcuma expressa seu efeito é impedindo a produção da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) além de inibir a expressão de interleucinas e fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF- α) e ser capaz de intervir na via do ácido araquidônico e interrupção da atividade do fator nuclear κ B (NF)-κB. O óleo essencial dessa espécie apresenta atividade antioxidante devido à sinergia dos seus componentes dose-dependente sugerindo que o óleo expressa sua ação antioxidante devido a atração da doação de hidrogênio. Os extratos obtidos por extração ultrassônica manifestaram maior capacidade redutora e capacidade superior de eliminação dos radicais DPPH e ABTS. Além disso, os resultados também demonstraram que in vitro a C. longa L. apresenta potencial anticâncer considerável ao reduzir a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) intracelular, inibição da migração celular, indução de alterações morfológicas nas células e em material genético. Foi possível elucidar que a Curcuma longa L. apresenta capacidade anti-inflamatória e antioxidante comprovada in vitro, porém, ainda é perceptível a pouca demanda quando se trata de estudos in vivo principalmente em humanos. Também é possível comprovar a escassez de estudos brasileiros.
Incredible Oncologist, Productive Researcher; Peiman Haddad
Authors: Editorial Team .
Published: July 2021

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Impalpable Breast Cancer and Service Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic – the Role of Radiofrequency Tag localization
Authors: Strickland Jonathan , Elsberger Beatrix , Lip Gerald , Fuller Mairi , Masannat Yazan
Published: July 2021

Background: Radiofrequency tags are used to localize breast lesions for surgery. During the Covid-19 pandemic, these offered the flexibility of inserting the Tags days or weeks before surgery. This made logistics of planning theatres lists easier, especially with most of the lists having been moved off site.Methods: In the 7 weeks following the first lockdown in the UK, we reviewed all planned admissions for breast surgery looking at the types of surgery offered, type of localization used and assessed which cases would not have been able to go ahead had radiofrequency tags not been available.Results: Out of 85 planned admission, 83 had surgery, 11 were for re-excision of margins and 72 for their first breast surgery excision (mastectomy or breast conservation). Out of the 54 that had breast conserving surgery, 40 needed localization, out of whom 27 had radiofrequency tags. Looking at theatre order list and location of surgery, 20 out of the 27 would not have had their surgery had radiofrequency tags not been available, which is 50% of the patients needing localization.Conclusion: Radiofrequency tags are new devices used for breast lesion localization that offer a much-needed flexibility especially as seen during the Covid-19 pandemic.
In ricordo di Wilma Trasarti Sponti. Il linguaggio dell'intimità, fra appartenenza e separazione
Authors: Trasarti Sponti Wima , Rapone Anna Maria
Published: July 2021

Le autrici, sulla base della loro esperienza di psicoterapeute siste-mico-relazionali, presentano una loro lettura del concetto di intimità utile ed interessante nella psicoterapia delle problematiche di coppia (relazionali, affettive e sessuali). Le autrici, facendo anche riferimento ad autori quali Winnicott, Stern e Whitaker, individuano nella relazione madre-bambino il nucleo primario dell'intimità. Durante lo sviluppo del bambino sarà proprio l'appartenenza, provata attraverso la relazione con le figure primarie, a permettergli la successiva individuazione. La psicoterapia viene ridefinita come contesto nel quale, grazie alla regressione attraverso l'"autentica relazione" paziente/terapeuta, è possibile riconoscere i propri bisogni: il terapeuta "sufficientemente buono", funge semplicemente da "sbloccante", per l'attivazione e la riattivazione delle risorse dei pazienti. Le autrici, nel loro lavoro in psicoterapia di coppia, prendono in considerazione la storia multi generazionale dei pazienti nello sviluppo della trama della relazione dove la nostalgia della primitiva appartenenza e la vergogna che ne deriva, vengono analizzati ed utilizzati. Il concetto di potere, sotteso alle problematiche di coppia, viene ri-letto come insicurezza di appartenenza e vergogna della richiesta stessa, motivo per cui la lotta di potere "infantile" viene rielaborata come una lettura poco utile per esprimere il proprio bisogno all'altro.
"Figli che rifiutano un genitore: intrecci relazionali nei percorsi di separazione" Prima parte
Authors: Canevelli Francesco
Published: July 2021

L'Autore presenta il fenomeno del rifiuto che un figlio manifesta nei confronti di un genitore all'interno di alcune situazioni che fanno se-guito alla separazione. Il fenomeno viene inquadrato all'interno di specifici scenari in cui si realizzano intrecci relazionali che sostengono e rafforzano il rifiuto stesso e che forniscono cornici di senso al suo realizzarsi. Vengono esaminate le ricadute che il rifiuto e il tipo di intrecci in cui si inserisce comportano per i bisogni di sviluppo del figlio e dell'intero sistema familiare. Vengono infine presi in esame i diversi contesti e le possibili articolazioni degli interventi specialistici in que-sto tipo di situazioni.
I "bisogni speciali" dei siblings: il vissuto psicologico dei fratelli di ragazzi autistici nel contesto familiare
Authors: Ciccotti Anna
Published: July 2021

La nascita di un figlio è il momento in cui si concretizza il più straordinario progetto d'amore e si sperimenta una condivisione di vi-ta, un'apertura al mondo. È altresì un evento "critico" perché porta la coppia ad affrontare una serie di situazioni nuove, alcune delle quali richiedono una ri-strutturazione del rapporto di coppia, delle consuete routines familiari: il piccolo sistema familiare da diadico diventa triadico (Larcan, 2016). Ma cosa succede quando alla criticità insita nella nascita di un figlio si aggiungono altri e ben più critici elementi, come una disabilità? Si susseguono nei genitori tante forti emozioni come tristezza e dolore, senso di colpa, ansia e paura, rabbia e invidia, che inizialmente sembrano sopraffare i genitori e viene richiesta loro un'enorme quan-tità di risorse per fronteggiare la situazione. Il momento dell'impatto con la diagnosi viene attraversato e percepito da ogni famiglia in maniera diversa in base alle esperienze personali di ognuno, ai valori sociali, al background culturale, ma anche in base alle modalità con cui la diagnosi viene formulata, alla disponibi-lità di adeguati supporti familiari e alle informazioni di cui si dispone. Un peso rilevante è dato infine dalla possibilità di usufruire di un adeguato sostegno sociale in termini di servizi di supporto sanitario e psicologico al bambino e alla famiglia (Cuzzocrea, Larcan, 2011). Non da molto tempo la letteratura ha iniziato a indagare su una tematica molto interessante e complessa che riguarda i fratelli "sani" di ragazzi affetti da problematiche fisiche o mentali: questo filone di ricerca si è dedicato allo studio dei cosiddetti siblings, termine che nel mondo anglosassone indica semplicemente un legame di fraternità, mentre nel panorama italiano, fa riferimento nello specifico a fratelli e sorelle di bambini con disabilità. Se per i genitori l'accudimento verso i figli è un processo naturale, che può diventare più difficoltoso per il disturbo di cui è affetto il figlio, per un fratello non è così scontato pensare di doversi fare carico della patologia e della vita del proprio caro, una volta che i genitori non ci saranno più. I fratelli degli autistici spesso si somigliano: sono silenziosi, pro-fondi, sognatori e diffidenti; per loro è difficile adeguarsi al modo di vivere, di scherzare, di comportarsi dei coetanei. Questo lavoro prende in considerazione il mondo emotivo, spesso ancora poco esplorato di chi vive come "fratello di" - per tutta la vita, analizzando le conseguenze della presenza del bambino con autismo sulla vita del fratello con sviluppo tipico.
Analysis of conflicts with wild carnivores in the Humid Chaco, Argentina
Authors: Kihn M. P. , Caruso N. , Iaconis K. , M. J. Palacios González , Soler L.
Published: July 2021

Interactions between humans and carnivores tend to be conflictual, especially due to predation on domestic animals. As certain landscape characteristics predispose the occurrence of carnivore attacks, spatial modelling of predation events can be particularly useful when developing management plans. In this study we determined the incidence of predation on the mortality of domestic animals by interviewing local inhabitants. In addition, we identified the spatial variables that explain the distribution of the conflicts and we created a two–scale model based on the Maxent algorithm. The results showed that Puma concolor (41.2 %) and the foxes Lycalopex gymnocercus and Cerdocyon thous (33.3 %) were the most conflictive species. Predation accounted for only 5.6 % of the causes of domestic animal mortality. The distribution models showed that the most probable variables for predicting conflicts were the distance from the roads, livestock density and the proportion of anthropized areas. High–risk areas represented 28 % of the study area and were distributed in broad patches around the protected areas and in the eastern sector of the area.
The Relative Risk Estimation of Pneumonia in Malaysia using Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR)
Authors: MOHD DIAH IJLAL
Published: July 2021

Pneumonia is the most serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system which cause millions of deaths worldwide especially for children under age five and older adults. The numbers of pneumonia cases reported keep on increasing from year to year in Malaysia. Moreover, this type of disease can become outbreak if it is not controlled. Besides using as prevention strategies for a disease risk, statistical modelling of disease mapping can also be used in monitoring as it clearly shows risk areas. The objective of this paper is to estimate the value of relative risk for pneumonia transmission by using Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) method which is the conventional statistic method used in disease mapping and subsequently propose a disease risk map to show the pneumonia risk areas. Pneumonia data in Malaysia is used in estimating the relative risk. The results show that, Terengganu has the highest risk of contracting pneumonia while Pulau Pinang shows the lowest risk.
Auto-Transformations of the Probability Density Functions
Authors: Harin Alexander
Published: July 2021

The two goals of the present article are: 1) To define transformations (named here as auto-transformations) of the probability density functions (PDFs) of random variables into some similar functions having smaller sizes of their domains. 2) To research and outline basic features of these auto-transformations of PDFs. Particularly, auto-transformations from infinite to finite domains are analyzed. The goals are caused by the well-known problems of behavioral sciences.
Landing Trajectory Design for UAV Considering Control Restrictions and Landing Speed
Authors: Toan Ngo Van , Tuan Doan The , Van Pham Ngoc , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Dien Nguyen Ngoc
Published: July 2021

The article presents a method for designing the trajectory of the UAV in space, taking into account the restriction on control. The chosen optimal controls are namely normal overload with restrictions, tangential overload with restrictions, and lateral overload. The Pontryagin maximum principle allows the transition of the optimal control problem to a boundary value problem. The parameter continuation method is applied to solve the boundary problem. The article results reveal reference trajectories in different cases of UAV landing. This result allows the design of reference trajectories for the UAV to attain the highest landing efficiency.
On the Role Played by Project-Based Learning in Teacher Training Online
Authors: Calderón Silvia Sánchez , Álvarez María Ángeles Escobar
Published: July 2021

This work investigates the perceptions on the role played by Project-Based Learning (PBL) in English as a second language (L2 English) participants who are receiving teacher training online. The participants in this study were enrolled in the Psycholinguistic Analysis of English Acquisition module at xxx-removed for blind review. They were given the choice of two projects: (a) an L2 English learner linguistic profile and (b) a grammatical structure analysis and its L2 English teaching application. The participants’ opinions about PBL were then collected in a questionnaire that included the following variables: motivation and attitude towards L2 English learning before and after the project, perception of the development of English language proficiency skills, content acquisition, and other issues related to PBL such as L2 learning reflection; and, autonomy and real language use. They reported having learned by doing and, as a consequence, believed that they had learned autonomously because they were responsible for their own learning. Likewise, they claimed PBL facilitated critical thinking, creativity, language awareness, and professional development through the project completion. They also showed a positive attitude towards the integration of the four language skills and the building of content knowledge by gathering and planning information using authentic resources.
Nurse practitioner and physician collaboration in long-lerm care homes: survey results
Authors: Donald Faith , Mohide E. Ann , DiCenso Alba , Brazil Kevin , Stephenson Michael , Akhtar-Danesh Noori
Published: July 2021

This survey assessed the extent of and satisfaction with collaboration between physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) working in Ontario long-term care homes. Questionnaires, which included the Measure of Current Collaboration and Provider Satisfaction with Current Collaboration instruments, were mailed to NPs and physicians with whom the NP most frequently worked. The 14 matched-pairs of NPs and physicians reported similar levels of collaboration; however, physicians were significantly more satisfied with collaboration than were NPs (z = -2.67, p = 0.008). The majority of physicians (85%) and NPs (86%) indicated that collaboration was occurring, and 96 per cent of physicians and 79 per cent of NPs were satisfied with their collaboration. About one third of physicians reported that the NP had a negative effect on their income, but their satisfaction with collaboration did not differ from those who reported a positive effect. Overall, these physicians and NPs collaborate in delivering care and are satisfied with their collaboration.
Transient response of laminar premixed flame to a radially diverging/converging flow
Authors: Sahafzadeh Meysam , Kostiuk Larry W. , Dworkin Seth
Published: July 2021

Laminar flamelets are often used to model premixed turbulent combustion. The libraries of rates of conversion
from chemical to thermal enthalpies used for flamelets are typically based on counter-flow, stained laminar planar
flames under steady conditions. The current research seeks further understanding of the effect of stretch on
premixed flames by considering laminar flame dynamics in a cylindrically-symmetric outward radial flow geometry (i.e., inwardly propagating flame). This numerical model was designed to study the flame response when the flow and scalar fields align (i.e., no tangential strain on the flame) while the flame either expands (positive stretch) or contracts (negative stretch, which is a case that has been seldom explored) radially. The transient response of a laminar premixed flame has been investigated by applying a sinusoidal variation of mass flow rate at the inlet boundary with different frequencies to compare key characteristics of a steady unstretched flame to the dynamics of an unsteady stretched flame. An energy index (EI), which is the integration of the source term in the energy equation over all control volumes in the computational domain, was selected for the comparison. The transient response of laminar premixed flames, when subjected to positive and negative stretch, results in amplitude decrease and phase shift increase with increasing frequency. Other characteristics, such as the deviation of the EI at the mean mass flow rate between when the flame is expanding and contracting, are nonmonotonic with frequency. Also, the response of fuel lean flames is more sensitive to the frequency of the periodic stretching compared to a stoichiometric flame. An analysis to seek universality of transient flame responses across lean methane-air flames of different equivalence ratios (i.e., 1.0 to 0.7) using Damköhler Numbers (i.e., the ratio of a flow to chemical time scales) had limited success.
Impact of pressure-based HACA rates on soot formation in varying-pressure coflow laminar diffusion flames
Authors: Mansouri Amin , Zimmer Leonardo , Dworkin Seth , Eaves Nickolas A.
Published: July 2021

There are several processes to occur in soot formation and destruction for which some in the growth regime require a better understanding. In this work, a consistent surface reactivity model, developed in recent years, has been implemented across various sooting laminar flames at varying pressures. The surface reactivity function proposed by Khosousi and Dworkin [1] is employed in the present study. It is based on the temperature history of soot particles. As the functionally dependent model has been derived and validated for atmospheric pressure flames, there are discrepancies between simulation and experiment that can be observed as pressures vary. One reason for these discrepancies could be explained by the fact that chemical reaction rates for the soot growth mechanism at atmospheric combustion do not adequately characterize the kinetics at higher pressures. Based on a recently published study [2], the elementary reaction rates that compose the Hydogen-Addition-Carbon-Abstraction soot surface growth mechanism depend on pressure and an empirical pressure scaling factor to account for this pressure dependence has been introduced. It has been determined that after applying the new empirical pressure scaling factor for the soot growth mechanism, the performance of the functionally dependent surface reactivity model improves in the wing regions of the flame for pure-ethylene flames; however, there is minimal change on the wings for the nitrogen-diluted flames. Additionally, the quantity for soot concentration along the centerline of all flames is nearly independent of the surface reactivity model chosen and needs further investigation. For the flames investigated, it is concluded that pressure dependent HACA rates do not alleviate all discrepancies between the numerical and experimental results and that further work is required.
Wavelength-Switchable Dissipative Soliton Fiber Laser With a Chirped Fiber Grating Stop-Band Filter
Authors: Gu Xijia
Published: July 2021

We report a wavelength-switchable single-polarization dissipative soliton (DS) mode-locked fiber laser using a chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for spectral filtering. The chirped FBG, when inserted into the ring cavity, provides a stopband from 1045 nm to 1057 nm, which is used for spectral filtering in this all-normal-dispersion mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. The combination of the chirped FBG and the Yb gain profile help the formation of the DS. The laser delivers wavelength-switchable and polarized (28 dB) DS of 6.1 nJ and 29 ps at 1032 nm, and 4.3 nJ and 24 ps at 1068 nm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the direct proof that a bandpass filter is not indispensible to achieve stable DS in ps fiber lasers.
Photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy for assessing red blood cell aggregation and oxygenation
Authors: Kolios Michael C. , Hysi Eno , Saha Ratan K.
Published: July 2021

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and oxygenation are important markers for a variety of blood disorders. No current technique is capable of simultaneously measuring aggregation/oxygenation levels noninvasively. We propose using photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy (PAUS) for assessing both phenomena. This technique relies on frequency-domain analysis of the PA signals by extracting parameters such as the ultrasound spectral slope and the midband fit. To investigate the effect of hematocrit, aggregation, and oxygenation levels on PAUS parameters, a Monte Carlo-based theoretical model and an experimental protocol using porcine RBCs were developed. The samples were illuminated at 750 and 1064 nm and changes in the PAUS parameters were compared to the oxygen-dependent optical absorption coefficients to assess the oxygenation level. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental spectral parameters was obtained for the spectral slope of the nonaggregated spectra (∼0.3  dB/MHz∼0.3  dB/MHz). The experimental midband fit increased by ∼5  dB∼5  dB for the largest aggregate size. Based on the analysis of the PA signals, the oxygen saturation level of the most aggregated sample was >20%>20% greater than the nonaggregated sample. The results provide a framework for using PA signals’ spectroscopic parameters for monitoring the aggregation and oxygenation levels of RBCs.
The Role of Maps in Neighborhood-Level Heat Vulnerability Assessment for the City of Toronto
Authors: Rinner Claus , Paychuk Dianne , Bassil Kate , Nasr Shiraz , Gower Stephanie , Campbell Monica
Published: July 2021

Extreme hot weather is a threat to public health, and it is anticipated that the number of hot days and the duration of extreme heat events will increase with climate change. Already, heat-related illness and mortality is the dominant natural hazard in many countries. While everybody is at risk to varying degrees, there are known factors relating to heat exposure and sensitivity that make some population groups more vulnerable than others. The objective of this paper is to assess carto-graphic design decisions in creating heat vulnerability maps, and how they may affect the usefulness of different map types. Spatial patterns of heat vulnerability were visualized using maps representing individual exposure and sensitivity indicators, composite vulnerability indices, and geographical hot spots of vulnerability. The composite indices were calculated using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) multi-criteria analysis method. Hot spots were determined using local indicators of spatial association (LISA). This study is part of an ongoing project which aims to identify vulnerable populations within the City of Toronto, Canada, in order to support targeted response and mitigation. The maps were found to be a valuable addition to the hot weather planning toolkit supporting neighbor-hood-level interventions.

KEYWORDS: Climate change, cluster maps, geographic information systems, heat-related illness, multi-criteria analysis, vulnerability index
Systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists: What is the quality of the evidence?
Authors: Donald Faith , Kilpatrick Kelley , Reid Kim , Carter Nancy , Martin-Misener Ruth , Bryant-Lukosius Denise , Harbman Patricia , Kaasalainen Sharon , Marshall Deborah A. , Charbonneau-Smith Renee , Donald Erin E. , Lloyd Monique , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , Yost Jennifer , Baxter Pamela , Sangster-Gormley Esther , Hubley Pamela , Laflamme Célyne , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Price Sheri , Boyko Jennifer , DiCenso Alba
Published: July 2021

Improved quality of care and control of healthcare costs are important factors influencing decisions to implement nurse practitioner (NP) and clinical nurse specialist (CNS) roles. Objective. To assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating NP and CNS cost-effectiveness (defined broadly to also include studies measuring health resource utilization). Design. Systematic review of RCTs of NP and CNS cost-effectiveness reported between 1980 and July 2012. Results. 4,397 unique records were reviewed. We included 43 RCTs in six groupings, NP-outpatient ( n = 11 ), NP-transition ( n = 5 ), NP-inpatient ( n = 2 ), CNS-outpatient ( n = 11 ), CNS-transition ( n = 13 ), and CNS-inpatient ( n = 1 ). Internal validity was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool; 18 (42%) studies were at low, 17 (39%) were at moderate, and eight (19%) at high risk of bias. Few studies included detailed descriptions of the education, experience, or role of the NPs or CNSs, affecting external validity. Conclusions. We identified 43 RCTs evaluating the cost-effectiveness of NPs and CNSs using criteria that meet current definitions of the roles. Almost half the RCTs were at low risk of bias. Incomplete reporting of study methods and lack of details about NP or CNS education, experience, and role create challenges in consolidating the evidence of the cost-effectiveness of these roles.
Comparison of methods to examine the endogenous peptides of fetal calf serum
Authors: Williams Declan , Zhu Peihong , Bowden Peter , Stacey Catherine , McDonell Mike , Kowalski Paul , Kowalski Jane Marie , Evans Ken , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Siu K. W. Michael , Marshall John
Published: July 2021

There is a great desire to relate the patterns of endogenous peptides in blood to human disease and drug response. The best practices for the preparation of blood fluids for analysis are not clear and also relatively few of the peptides in blood have been identified by tandem mass spectrometry. We compared a number of sample preparation methods to extract endogenous peptides including C18 reversed phase, precipitation, and ultrafiltration. We examined the results of these sample preparation methods by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using MALDI-TOF/TOF and electrospray ionization-ion trap. Peptides from solid-phase extraction with C18 in the range of hundreds of femtomoles per spot were detected from the equivalent of 1 μL of serum by MALDI-TOF. We observed endogenous serum peptides from fibrinogen α- and β-chain, complement C3, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, albumin, serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, factor VIII, plasminogen, immunoglobulin, and other abundant blood proteins. However, we also recorded significant MS/MS spectra from tumor necrosis factor-α-, major histocompatibility complex-, and angiotensin-related peptides, as well as peptides from collagens and other low-abundance proteins. Amino acid substitutions were detected and a phosphorylated peptide was also observed. This is the first time the endogenous peptides of fetal serum have been examined by MS and where peptides from low-abundance proteins, phosphopeptides, and amino acid substitutions were detected.
Wait times for publicly funded addiction and problem gambling treatment agencies in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Pascoe Rachael , Rush Brian , Rotondi Nooshin Khobzi
Published: July 2021

Background
This study describes the definitions of wait times and intake processes used by drug and problem gambling treatment agencies in Ontario, Canada, as well as the various strategies employed to ameliorate client backlog.

Methods
An online survey was developed and distributed to 203 publicly-funded, provincial substance use and problem gambling treatment agencies from June to August, 2011. All aspects of the intake process were covered in the survey.

Results
Based on 139 responses, six different wait time periods were identified. Additional analyses were completed by type of service offered. Suggestions for effective interventions to shorten wait times and recommendations for future research are provided.

Conclusion
The results of this study highlight a need for standardized definitions of wait times across substance use and problem gambling treatment services.
Random and independent sampling of endogenous tryptic peptides from normal human EDTA plasma by liquid chromatography micro electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dufresne Jaimie , Florentinus-Mefailoski Angelique , Ajambo Juliet , Ferwa Ammara , Bowden Peter , Marshall John
Published: July 2021

Background
Normal human EDTA plasma samples were collected on ice, processed ice cold, and stored in a freezer at – 80 °C prior to experiments. Plasma test samples from the – 80 °C freezer were thawed on ice or intentionally warmed to room temperature.

Methods
Protein content was measured by CBBR binding and the release of alcohol soluble amines by the Cd ninhydrin assay. Plasma peptides released over time were collected over C18 for random and independent sampling by liquid chromatography micro electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) and correlated with X!TANDEM.

Results
Fully tryptic peptides by X!TANDEM returned a similar set of proteins, but was more computationally efficient, than “no enzyme” correlations. Plasma samples maintained on ice, or ice with a cocktail of protease inhibitors, showed lower background amounts of plasma peptides compared to samples incubated at room temperature. Regression analysis indicated that warming plasma to room temperature, versus ice cold, resulted in a ~ twofold increase in the frequency of peptide identification over hours–days of incubation at room temperature. The type I error rate of the protein identification from the X!TANDEM algorithm combined was estimated to be low compared to a null model of computer generated random MS/MS spectra.

Conclusion
The peptides of human plasma were identified and quantified with low error rates by random and independent sampling that revealed 1000s of peptides from hundreds of human plasma proteins from endogenous tryptic peptides.
Missing and Misrepresented: Portrayals of Other Ethnic and Racialized Groups in a Greater Toronto Area Ethnocultural Newspaper
Authors: Lindgren April
Published: July 2021

The vibrant ethnocultural press in the Greater Toronto Area is a testament to the multicultural reality of a metropolitan area where visible minorities are expected to be the majority by 2031. The GTA’s ethnocultural and racialized communities are served by more than 200 newspapers, many of them published in languages other than English or French. What role do these publications play in shaping how ethnic and racialized groups “see” each other?
This case study examines how other groups are portrayed in the Chinese-language daily newspaper Ming Pao. With the exception of members of the White community, it concludes that other racial and ethnic groups are represented only to a limited extent and that, in some cases, they are also misrepresented.