bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and cardiovascular effects of a single dose of gabapentin or melatonin in cats: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ruviaro Tuleski Giovana Lais , Silveira Matheus Folgearini , Bastos Rodrigo Franco , Pscheidt Maria Jose Garcia Ribeiro , Prieto Wiliam da Silva , Sousa Marlos G
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to verify whether a single oral dose of gabapentin (100 mg) or melatonin (3 mg) given 60 mins before a cardiac evaluation would reduce anxiety without interfering with heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic indexes.

Methods

Seventy-five client-owned healthy cats underwent two sets of cardiac assessments 60 mins apart, randomly divided into gabapentin, melatonin and placebo groups. The interval between treatment and the second ECG and SBP measurement was 60 mins, and 70 mins for echocardiography. A compliance score (CS) classified the behavior, focusing on the ease of handling.

Results

Most variables did not change between the examinations. The placebo group showed more significant changes (SBP, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, HR during echocardiography, aortic flow velocity, S′ wave from lateral mitral annulus), but they were not considered to be hemodynamically relevant. Gabapentin and melatonin significantly increased the cats’ compliance without interfering with cardiac assessment. Eight cats presented with mild sedation, seven after gabapentin and one after melatonin. No major side effects were observed.

Conclusions and relevance

Gabapentin tranquilized the cats when it was given 60 mins prior to ECG and SBP measurement, and 70 mins prior to echocardiography, without interfering with systolic echocardiographic indexes. Melatonin also decreased the CS, but without sedation in most cases. The waiting period may have relaxed the cats in the placebo group, resulting in lower SBP measurements. However, this tranquility did not last as some echocardiographic changes signaled a sympathetic predominance.
Treatment strategies for hyperkalemia secondary to urethral obstruction in 50 male cats: 2002–2017
Authors: Jones Jessica M , Burkitt-Creedon Jamie M , Epstein Steven E
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aims of this study were: to describe the potassium-lowering treatment strategies used to manage moderate-to-severe hyperkalemia in male cats with urethral obstruction (UO); to determine how much dextrose was required per unit of insulin to prevent hypoglycemia; to determine whether early initiation of a dextrose continuous rate infusion (CRI) prevented hypoglycemia; and to determine whether in-hospital mortality was associated with presenting plasma potassium concentration ([K+]).

Methods

The medical records of male cats presenting with a [K+] ⩾7.0 mEq/l due to UO that had another [K+] measured within 6 h were reviewed retrospectively. All [K+] values within the first 6 h, blood glucose concentrations, treatments for hyperkalemia and survival to discharge were recorded. Analyses were performed to test for associations between dextrose:insulin ratios or method of dextrose administration and the development of hypoglycemia; and for presenting [K+] and mortality. Normally distributed groups of continuous data were compared with a t-test and categorical data were compared with a Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Fifty cats were included. Mean presenting [K+] was 8.9 ± 1.0 mEq/l, while the mean final [K+] within 6 h was 6.6 ± 1.4 mEq/l. Forty-two (84%) cats were treated with intravenous fluids and 40 (80%) were treated with dextrose and insulin. Median dextrose:insulin ratio was 2 g/u (range 0.4–100). No dextrose:insulin ratio was found to protect against hypoglycemia, and 3/8 cats that became hypoglycemic had received ⩾2 g dextrose per unit of insulin. There was no association between the early initiation of a dextrose-containing CRI and avoidance of hypoglycemia. No association was found between presenting [K+] and mortality.

Conclusions and relevance

While no specific dextrose:insulin ratio was found to protect against hypoglycemia, there is evidence that the commonly recommended dextrose:insulin ratio of 2 g/u may be inadequate in preventing hypoglycemia in every cat. Severity of hyperkalemia was not associated with mortality.
Bilateral lysis of aortic saddle thrombus with early tissue plasminogen activator (BLASTT): a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study in feline acute aortic thromboembolism
Authors: Guillaumin Julien , DeFrancesco Teresa C , Scansen Brian A , Quinn Rebecca , Whelan Megan , Hanel Rita , Goy-Thollot Isabelle , Bublot Isabelle , Robertson James B , Bonagura John D
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) on the treatment of feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE).

Methods

Cats diagnosed with FATE involving ⩾2 limbs were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study within 6 h of an event. Diagnosis was made by clinical findings and one confirmatory criterion. Cats received placebo or TPA (1 mg/kg/h with the first 10% by bolus). All cats received pain control and thromboprophylaxis. The primary outcome was a change from baseline in a published limb score at 48 h. Secondary outcomes included 48 h survival, survival to discharge and complication proportions. Statistical analyses included pattern-mixture models, logistic regression and Fisher’s exact, Student’s t- and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests.

Results

Based on a power analysis, 40 cats were enrolled; however, only 20 survived to 48 h (TPA, n = 12; placebo, n = 8 [ P = 0.34]). There was a statistically significant improvement in limb scores compared with baseline for both groups ( P <0.001). Limb score at 48 h was 1 point lower (better) in the TPA group ( P = 0.19). Thrombolysis had no statistically significant effect on 48 h survival ( P = 0.22). Lower affected limb lactate was associated with better 48 h survival (odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.17; P = 0.02). The survival to discharge rates were 45% (TPA) and 30% (placebo; P = 0.51). Complications in the TPA and placebo groups included acute kidney injury (22% and 19%, respectively; P = 1.00) and/or reperfusion injuries (33% and 19%, respectively; P = 0.45).

Conclusions and relevance

Survival and complication rates of acute FATE were not different with or without thrombolysis. High in-hospital mortality decreased the statistical power to detect a statistically significant difference between treatments with regard to our primary outcome.
Lens status and degree of lens opacity influence laser flare photometry (objective tyndallometry)
Authors: Schoeneberger Verena , Menghesha Leonie , Gerlach Stefanie , Gietzelt Caroline , Eberhardt Somaie , Cursiefen Claus , Schaub Friederike
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Objective tyndallometry using laser flare photometry can be utilized e.g., in management of uveitis. Previous studies showed a significant difference in flare values between pseudophakic and phakic eyes. We investigate a potential association between the degree of lens opacification and flare value in a large cohort phakic eyes.

Methods

Retrospective, non-interventional single center study. Laser flare values of 460 healthy fellow eyes from two large cohorts (primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), macular holes (MH)) were correlated with lens status, degree of lens opacity, and age.

Results

Out of 460 patients (mean age 64.6 ± 11.2, 57% male) 30.4% were pseudophakic (70.2 ± 10.9) and 69.6% phakic, of which 47.8% showed a clear lens (57.3 ± 9.1), 43.2% an mild cataract (65.2 ± 9.0) and 9.0% a moderate cataract (73.5 ± 9.0). In pseudophakia, flare (8.14 ± 4.6 pc/ms) was significantly higher compared to phakia (6.4 ± 3.9 pc/ms; p < 0.001). In phakic eyes, flare values increased significantly with increasing lens opacity (clear lens 5.3 ± 2.8 pc/ms; mild cataract 7.0 ± 4.0 pc/ms; moderate cataract 9.5 ± 6.1 pc/ms; p < 0.001). In clear lenses and mild cataract, age correlated significantly with flare (two-sided, p < 0.001, clear lenses R = 0.3; mild cataract R = 0.4). In clear lenses, flare values increased with age by 0.09 per year, in mild cataract by 0.17 (regression coefficients). No significant correlation was found between age and flare value in moderate cataract and pseudophakic eyes.

Conclusion

The level of objective tyndallometry seems to be dependent on lens status, degree of lens opacity and age. These factors should therefore be taken into account when interpreting laser flare values in the future.
Prognostic and therapeutic interest of a new classification in inferior hip dislocation: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Severyns Mathieu , Flurin Laure , Odri Guillaume A
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Reported cases of inferior dislocation in the literature are found under several names (inferior, anteroinferior, obturator, or erecta), which may be source of confusion. The purpose of this comprehensive review of the literature is to collect as many cases of inferior dislocation as possible to determine better therapeutic strategies, outcome after reduction, complications, and prognostic factors.

Methods:

In April 2020, a literature search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase databases. The MeSH keywords were “OBTURATOR DISLOCATION HIP” or “ANTERIOR DISLOCATION HIP” or “INFERIOR DISLOCATION HIP.” Authors independently selected articles that met the selection criteria, with no time limit.

Results:

Out of the 97 articles selected, there were 119 cases of primary inferior hip dislocations. This review of the literature has allowed us to differentiate 3 radiographic subtypes of inferior dislocations, which correspond to 3 different anatomical positions of the femoral head: “obturator” dislocation, “proximal anterior-inferior” dislocation, and “distal anterior-inferior” dislocation. Our subtype classification yielded 39 obturator subtype inferior dislocations (32.8%), 66 proximal anteroinferior subtypes (55.4%), and 14 distal anteroinferior (11.8%). The obturator subtype is at risk of reduction failure and femoral neck fracture during the reduction manoeuver.

Conclusions:

Our study identified 3 subtypes with different prognosis, with obturator and distal anteroinferior dislocations having a poorer prognosis because of their pre- and post-reduction complications. We were unable to determine the correct manoeuver to reduce inferior dislocations without taking the risk of femoral neck fracture, but each of these subtypes may require a different manoeuver.
Hemodialysis vascular access flow measurements by the novel DMed NephroFlow® device: A comparative study with Transonic®
Authors: Merino Jose L , García Esther , Varillas-Delgado David , Mendoza Sonia , Bueno Blanca , Domínguez Patricia , Bucalo Laura , Espejo Beatriz , Baena Laura , Paraíso Vicente
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The current Spanish Clinical Guidelines on Vascular Access for Hemodialysis support the need for surveillance and monitoring of vascular access (VA) to avoid complications. Ultrasound dilution (UD) methods are accepted for the evaluation of VA flow and Transonic® has established the gold standard method for the measurement. The DMed NephroFlow (NIPRO®) device, based on UD method has recently been incorporated. We report a comparative study between the classic Transonic® versus the new NephroFlow® device.

Material and methods:

For two consecutive months, measurements of VA flow using both referred systems were performed in patients with a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or a graft (AVG) on hemodialysis (HD) in our unit. Both studies were undertaken according to the usual recommendations: VA flow of 250 ml/min, ultrafiltration rate without modifications, both needles in the same vein, and always in the first hour of the HD session.

Results:

Forty-five patients were included: 17 women and 28 men, mean age of 67 ± 12 years. Thirty patients were diabetic. The baseline meantime on HD was 51 ± 39 months (range: 3–163). Type of VA was: 17 patients radio-cephalic AVF, 17 brachiocephalic AVF, 7 brachiobasilic AVF, and 3 with a graft. The mean flow estimated by the Transonic® was 1222 ± 805 ml/min and the estimated flow by the NephroFlow® device was 1252 ± 975 ml/min. Good reliability between Transonic® and NephroFlow® was observed, with a reliability index of Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.927 and an Intraclass Correlation Index of 0.928.

Conclusions:

The NephroFlow® device seems comparable with the accepted gold standard UD method for estimating VA flow. More studies must be performed to verify these results. However, they should be considered for the surveillance and monitoring of VA flow, in agreement with the Spanish Guidelines.
Periadventitial biomaterials to improve arteriovenous fistula and graft outcomes
Authors: Applewhite Brandon , Andreopoulos Fotios , Vazquez-Padron Roberto I.
Published: November 2022

Periadventitial biomaterials have been employed for nearly three decades to promote adaptive venous remodeling following hemodialysis vascular access creation in preclinical models and clinical trials. These systems are predicated on the combination of scaffolds, hydrogels, and/or particles with therapeutics (small molecules, proteins, genes, and cells) to prevent venous stenosis and subsequent maturation failure. Periadventitial biomaterial therapies have evolved from simple drug delivery vehicles for traditional drugs to more thoughtful designs tailored to the pathophysiology of access failure. The emergence of tissue engineering strategies and gene therapies are another exciting new direction. Despite favorable results in experimental and preclinical studies, no periadventitial therapy has been clinically approved to improve vascular access outcomes. After conducting an exhaustive review of the literature, we identify the seminal studies and clinical trials that utilize periadventitial biomaterials and discuss the key features of each biomaterial format and their respective shortcomings as they pertain to access maturation. This review provides a foundation from which clinicians, surgeons, biologists, and engineers can refer to and will hopefully inspire thoughtful, translatable treatments to finally address access failure.
PE teachers’ perceived expertise and professional development requirements in the delivery of muscular fitness activity: PE Teacher EmPOWERment Survey
Authors: Cox Ashley , Noonan Robert J. , Fairclough Stuart J.
Published: November 2022

Muscular fitness (MF) is an important modifiable factor to improve overall health. Schools offer a unique opportunity to deliver MF activity during physical education (PE) and develop competence to engage in various activities across the life course. However, the implementation of school-based MF activity may be impaired by some teachers reporting a lack of expertise and low confidence in the delivery of MF activity. Understanding teachers’ thoughts and perceptions regarding the delivery of MF in schools may help guide future research and policy to support MF delivery in UK schools. Following ethical approval, a survey of secondary school PE teachers across the UK was distributed via Twitter. Survey responses were analysed and reported descriptively and thematically. Completed surveys were returned by 194 teachers (61.9% male) from England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Relative to less experienced teachers, those with at least five years’ service were 2.2 times more likely to have completed continued professional development (CPD) in MF activity (OR = 2.16; ß = 0.77; 95% CI: 1.25-3.74; p < 0.01), and 1.8 times more likely to use assessments of MF to inform PE programme decision-making (OR = 1.83; ß = 0.60; 95% CI: 1.18-2.82; p < 0.01). Despite the promising contribution school-based PE may have to developing MF, we report a poor understanding of MF activity amongst UK-based PE teachers. CPD is warranted to deliver successful MF interventions in a school setting.
Mid- and Later Life Cross-Sex Friendships in Minority Ethnic Contexts: Insights From Scotland
Authors: Chaudhry Shruti
Published: November 2022

This article draws on qualitative research among older adults (50+ years) of South Asian heritage in Scotland to explore what cross-sex friendships reveal about the normative tenor of gender, sexualities, and intimate relationships in minority ethnic contexts. I argue that South Asian cultural norms work against the ‘patterning’ and maintenance of cross-sex friendships. When they do occur, they have to be managed with regard to familial ties and community expectations. The risks are greater for women who must deal with policing of their sexuality even as they age. Such friendships signal social change and agency within the diasporic communities. Yet they require negotiation of gendered and ethnic/cultural scripts and point to the continuing significance of kin and community.
Investigation of the performance of fire suppression systems in protection of mass timber residential buildings
Authors: Ko Yoon J. , Elsagan Nour
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of fire suppression systems in protecting mass timber construction are experimentally investigated for the objectives of life safety and property protection from fire and water damages. The performance of high- and low-pressure water mist systems was compared with sprinkler systems in a residential fire scenario involving exposed mass timber structures. The tested water mist systems and sprinkler systems successfully maintained the room temperature and gas concentrations tenable, but the smoke obscuration deteriorated rapidly. Although the tested systems resulted in fire damage on the exposed mass timber walls, a high-pressure water mist system with wide spray angle demonstrated rapid fire suppression and less damage to the walls. The performance of sprinkler systems was comparable, yet least effective due to the large amount of water used. A large water pool was formed on the floor in all tests with the size proportional to the total water discharged during the test. Also, the moisture contents of the mass timber panels indicated that water could penetrate the floor-wall interface in a typical assembly.
Who will remember?: Racial identity and civil rights literature for Black children at Freedom School
Authors: Piper Rebekah E , Jackson Tambra O
Published: November 2022

Within Freedom Schools, the intellectual identities of academic achievement and success for Black children are fostered with positive cultural identity and social action as the foundation. This is partially accomplished with access to positive cultural messages in children’s and young adult literature. The study in this article contributes to existing literature on the Children’s Defense Fund Freedom Schools and focuses on the ways in which Black children’s positive racial identity development is supported through the use of culturally sustaining content and pedagogical practices at Freedom Schools. Specifically, this research explored racial identity development through examining the educational experiences of Black children’s interactions with Movement Oriented Civil Rights-Themed Multicultural Children’s Literature.
Transformative service research methodologies for vulnerable participants
Authors: Dodds Sarah , Finsterwalder Jörg , Prayag Girish , Subramanian Ilayaraja
Published: November 2022

Understanding vulnerable consumers when conducting Transformative Service Research (TSR) is essential but these consumers and their contexts are often complex and difficult to research. Despite a movement towards TSR methodologies suitable for studying vulnerable participants and their contexts, a comprehensive framework that can guide service researchers is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to investigate appropriate methods, procedures, and protocols that permit researching a wide range of vulnerable groups and exposures to vulnerable situations in TSR. This is undertaken via a review of the literature and the authors’ reflections of their experiences with researching vulnerability in various configurations (e.g., disasters, refugees, healthcare, disability, and older people). Through an iterative process of personal case reflections and group discussions blended with extant literature, patterns and insights regarding appropriate research protocols, techniques, processes, and sampling are identified. These insights contribute to the development of a comprehensive TSR framework in five research method areas including 1) consideration of the context, researcher, support persons and participants, 2) recruitment considerations relating to sampling, 3) recruitment considerations in terms of ethics and set-up, 4) data collection considerations relating to research protocol and set-up, and 5) data collection considerations. The framework can guide both academics and practitioners to enhance research outcomes for both participants and researchers.
The meaning and experience of hope by people living with dementia as expressed through poetry
Authors: Amponsem Sheriffa , Wolverson Emma , Clarke Chris
Published: November 2022

Background

Narratives of dementia can undermine the ability of people to live well. Positive psychology, concerned with the cultivation of personal strengths, is a model through which people’s capacity to have positive experiences can be researched. This study explored the meanings and experiences of hope, a positive psychological construct found to facilitate well-being, in people with dementia.

Methods

People with dementia submitted poems about the meanings and their experiences of hope through an online platform. The submitted poems ( n = 29) underwent thematic analysis.

Findings

There were three main themes: (1) “ hope is light in the darkness” encapsulated the meaning ascribed to hope as a resource that spotlights what is still possible, (2) “ poetry gives voice to experiences of hope” captured the role of poetry in communicating the otherwise elusive concept of hope, and (3 )“peers uphold hope and cast away the darkness” captured that participants’ hope was blocked by stigmatising views held and expressed by others but facilitated through positive social interactions.

Conclusions

People are capable of having hope in the context of dementia, with hope being a uniquely functional strength that supports wellbeing. Health professionals, family and society have a clear role in supporting people with dementia to maintain their hope.
Nurse Child Care Health Consultants, Professional Development, and Accreditation Improve Medication Safety in Child Care Programs
Authors: Crowley Angela A. , Ma Tony Yong-Zhan , Jeon Sangchoon
Published: November 2022

Medication administration is a critical safety issue in hospitals and the community. Children are especially at risk because of their dependence on adults to safely administer medications. The purpose of this study was to examine non-compliance with state child care medication administration regulations and factors associated with improved compliance. The data included routine, unannounced inspections of child care programs by state licensing specialists collected in two time periods over 10 years. Factors potentially associated with regulatory compliance were included in this secondary analysis. Most child care center medication administration regulations showed decreased non-compliance between the two time periods. However, regulations pertaining to prescriber orders and parent permission revealed a significant increase in non-compliance (58.4%). Factors positively associated with medication administration regulatory compliance included: compliance with annual professional development (p < 0.0001 in both periods), achievement of accreditation (p  =  0.0115 in Time 1), and among centers with children under 3 years of age, compliance with a weekly mandatory visit by a nurse consultant (p  =  0.0004 in Time 2). Though family child care homes had a lower frequency of medication administration non-compliance, only 19% were administering medications in Time 1. High quality, safe, and affordable child-care is essential for all children including those with special health care needs. This study highlights the importance of medication safety practices in child care programs, national child care health and safety standards, federal and state policies regarding medication administration regulations, and the critical role of nurse child care health consultants in promoting safe medication administration in child care programs.
Parent–Child Attachment and Dynamic Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Obeldobel Carli A. , Brumariu Laura E. , Kerns Kathryn A.
Published: November 2022

Although there is evidence parent–child attachment security is associated with trait-like emotion indices, trait perspectives do not fully capture children's responses to context, an important emotion regulation component. This paper evaluates whether attachment is associated with two dynamic emotion indicators: emotion reactivity and emotion recovery. We review conceptual and empirical connections, describe the dynamic emotion perspective, discuss hypotheses, and review evidence. Our review (15 studies) shows that secure attachment was more consistently related to recovery than reactivity, avoidant attachment was related to low emotion reactivity and recovery, ambivalent attachment was associated with greater emotion reactivity, and disorganized attachment was related to high reactivity and recovery difficulties. We close by comparing trait-like and dynamic emotion conclusions then propose future research directions.
GeoAI, counter-AI, and human geography: A conversation
Authors: Janowicz Krzysztof , Sieber Renée , Crampton Jeremy
Published: November 2022

This conversation inaugurates a new venture for Dialogues in Human Geography in which we host a discussion on topics of concern to our readers. Inspired by the underlying ethos of the journal as a place for dialogue, this is neither an interview nor an article, but rather an opportunity to bring together people with a range of views. In this discussion, we begin by tackling the issue of artificial intelligence and machine learning in geography, sometimes called GeoAI (geographic artificial intelligence). What is at stake with this development? We discuss how the legacy of the critical GIS movement, and specifically what Renée Sieber calls ‘counter-AI’, may yet have a role to play. For Krzysztof Janowicz, geographers are just getting started with GeoAI and many exciting developments lie ahead. Yet both sound a note of caution about data representation, bias, and blackboxing algorithms, as well as the need for accountability and how, ultimately, critique should be situated. The conversation took place in July 2022, and has been edited for clarity.
The COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire: Validation in Spanish university students from health sciences
Authors: Vallone Federica , Cattaneo Della Volta Maria Francesca , Mayor Silva Luis Iván , Monroy Alfonso Meneses , Galletta Maura , Curcio Felice , Zurlo Maria Clelia
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ), a 7-item tool assessing COVID-19-related stressors among university students, namely, Relationships and Academic Life, Isolation, and Fear of Contagion. Participants were 331 Spanish university students. Factor analyses sustained the three factor solution of the original tool. Data also revealed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, suitable internal consistency, and significant associations with psychological symptoms, as measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The Spanish version of the CSSQ represents a valid tool to be used in clinical settings to timely identify students at high psychological risk and to develop evidence-based interventions during/after the pandemic.
Frequency of Correct Mask Use Among Pedestrians in High-Flow Indoor Public Spaces: A Multicenter Analysis in the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru
Authors: Mezones-Holguin Edward , Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Benites-Zapata Vicente Aleixandre , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. , Flores-Gavino Aldo , Muñoz del Carpio-Toia Agueda , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Our study aimed to describe the variation in the frequency of correct mask use among pedestrians in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in high-flow indoor public spaces from different geographic and social settings in Peru.

Methods:

We carried out a cross-sectional exploratory study among pedestrians in Lima (the capital city) and other coastal and highland cities in Peru. Pedestrians were directly observed by trained medical students in 2 high-flow indoor areas at different times in November 2020 (first wave) and October 2021 (second wave). Primary outcomes included the frequencies of mask use and correct use. We applied multinomial logistic models and estimated crude and adjusted relative prevalence ratios for sex, age, obesity, and location. Additionally, we used binomial generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios in crude and adjusted models.

Results:

We included 1996 participants. The frequency of mask use was similar in both years: 96.9% in 2020 and 95.5% in 2021. However, the frequency of correct mask use significantly decreased from 81.9% (95% CI, 79.4-84.3) in 2020 to 60.3% (95% CI, 57.2-67.3) in 2021. In 2020, we observed an increase in the probability of misuse in the cities of Lima (aRP: 1.42; P = .021) and Chiclayo (aPR: 1.62, P = .001), whereas, in 2021, we noted an increase in the probability of misuse in the cities of Lima (aRP: 1.72; P < .001) and Piura (aPR: 1.44; P < .001).

Conclusions:

The correct mask use decreased during the second wave, although no significant overall variations were observed in mask use in pedestrians between both periods. Also, we found regional differences in correct mask use in both periods.
An Investigation of the Dynamic Relationships Between Financial Development, Renewable Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions
Authors: Habiba Umme , Xinbang Cao
Published: November 2022

Understanding the drivers of CO2 emissions has been necessary in drafting policies to curb global warming. In this study, we examine the impact of disaggregated financial development components on CO2 emissions by taking into account the multifaceted and complicated structure of modern financial systems in 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa between 1991 and 2016. The empirical models are estimated using a system-GMM approach. The analysis shows that the development of financial markets and their components, including access, depth, and efficiency, contribute to CO2 emissions in the region. For financial institutions development and its sub-measures, similar effects are observed. However, financial market development has less adverse environmental effects than the development of financial institutions. Renewable energy consumption also leads to substantial reductions in CO2 emissions. The financial markets are playing an increasingly important role in complementing renewable energy for environmental improvement. The study also indicates that the relationship between these variables and CO2 emissions varies at a country-level depending on the economy of the country. The study also discusses the policy implications of these findings.
Outcomes of subsequent neoplasms after umbilical cord blood transplantation in Europe
Authors: Rafii Hanadi , Ruggeri Annalisa , Kenzey Chantal , Sanz Jaime , Peffault De La Tour Régis , Esquirol Albert , Michel Gérard , Chevallier Patrice , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Cornelissen Jan J. , Michallet Mauricette , Volt Fernanda , Rivera-Franco Monica M. , Scigliuolo Graziana Maria , Cappelli Barbara , Rocha Vanderson , Gluckman Eliane
Published: November 2022

Subsequent neoplasms (SNs) compromise long-term survivors after hematopoietic cell transplantation. We performed a retrospective analysis of SNs in 10 358 recipients of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from 1988 to 2018. SNs developed in 233 patients and 84 were of pediatric age. Indications for UCBT were malignant hematological diseases in 199 patients (85%). Three groups of SNs were observed. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) were reported in 145 patients in a median of 4 months after UCBT. Of these, 9 patients died from relapse, 83 from PTLD, and 24 from transplant-related causes. At last follow-up, 29 were alive; 5-year overall survival (OS) after PTLD diagnosis was 21%. Acute leukemia/myelodysplasia (AL/MDS) was diagnosed in 23 patients in a median of 28 months after UCBT and included 3 donor-cell AL. Four of 23 patients died from relapse of primary disease, 8 from progression of SNs, and 4 from TRM. Seven patients remain alive; the 5-year OS after AL/MDS diagnosis was 36%. Solid tumors (ST) were reported in 65 patients in a median of 54 months after UCBT. Most common tumor sites were lung, thyroid, bone, and soft tissue. A total of 33 patients died (26 owing to ST, 6 to relapse of primary disease, and 1 cause missing). At last follow-up, 32 of 65 patients were alive; the 5-year OS after the diagnosis of ST was 51%. In conclusion, despite their poor outcomes, SNs that occur after UCBT are extremely rare. Identification of risk factors and early detection may help to improve OS.
The promising efficacy of a risk-based letermovir use strategy in CMV-positive allogeneic hematopoietic cell recipients
Authors: Sourisseau Mathilde , Faure Emmanuel , Béhal Hélène , Chauvet Paul , Srour Micha , Capes Antoine , Coiteux Valérie , Magro Léonardo , Alfandari Serge , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Simon Nicolas , Vuotto Fanny , Karam Micheline , Faure Karine , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Beauvais David
Published: November 2022

Letermovir is the first approved drug for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prophylaxis in adult patients who are CMV positive undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Because CMV infection risk varies from patient to patient, we evaluated whether a risk-based strategy could be effective. In this single-center study, all consecutive adult patients who were CMV positive and underwent allo-HCT between 2015 and 2021 were included. During period 1 (2015-2017), letermovir was not used, whereas during period 2 (2018-2021), letermovir was used in patients at high risk but not in patients at low risk, except in those receiving corticosteroids. In patients at high risk, the incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) in period 2 was lower than that in period 1 (P < .001) by week 14 (10.5% vs 51.6%) and week 24 (16.9% vs 52.7%). In patients at low risk, although only 28.6% of patients received letermovir in period 2, csCMVi incidence was also significantly lower (P = .003) by week 14 (7.9% vs 29.0%) and week 24 (11.2% vs 33.3%). Among patients at low risk who did not receive letermovir (n = 45), 23 patients (51.1%) experienced transient positive CMV DNA without csCMVi, whereas 17 patients (37.8%) experienced negative results. In both risk groups, the 2 periods were comparable for CMV disease, overall survival, progression-free survival, relapse, and nonrelapse mortality. We concluded that a risk-based strategy for letermovir use is an effective strategy which maintains the high efficacy of letermovir in patients at high risk but allows some patients at low risk to not use letermovir.
Attenuating the virulence of the resistant superbug Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis by ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate
Authors: Saleh Moustafa M. , Yousef Nehal , Shafik Shokri M. , Abbas Hisham A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Infections affecting neonates caused by Staphylococcus aureus are widespread in healthcare facilities; hence, novel strategies are needed to fight this pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the FDA-approved medications ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate to reduce the virulence of the resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that causes neonatal sepsis and seek out suitable alternatives to the problem of multi-drug resistance.

Methods

Tested drugs were assessed phenotypically and genotypically for their effects on virulence factors and virulence-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, drugs were tested in vivo for their ability to reduce Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis.

Results

Sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/8 MIC) of ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate reduced the production of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, including biofilm formation, staphyloxanthin, proteases, and hemolysin production, as well as resistance to oxidative stress. At the molecular level, qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression levels of crtM, sigB, sarA, agrA, hla, fnbA, and icaA genes regulating virulence factors production and showed a significant reduction in the relative expression levels of all the tested genes.

Conclusions

The current findings reveal that ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate have strong anti-virulence effects against Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, suggesting that they might be used as adjuvants to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in combination with conventional antimicrobials or as alternative therapies.
Comparative chloroplast genome analyses of Amomum: insights into evolutionary history and species identification
Authors: Gong Lu , Ding Xiaoxia , Guan Wan , Zhang Danchun , Zhang Jing , Bai Junqi , Xu Wen , Huang Juan , Qiu Xiaohui , Zheng Xiasheng , Zhang Danyan , Li Shijie , Huang Zhihai , Su He
Published: November 2022

Background

Species in genus Amomum always have important medicinal and economic values. Classification of Amomum using morphological characters has long been a challenge because they exhibit high similarity. The main goals of this study were to mine genetic markers from cp genomes for Amomum species identification and discover their evolutionary history through comparative analysis.

Results

Three species Amomum villosum, Amomum maximum and Amomum longipetiolatum were sequenced and annotated for the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes, and the cp genomes of A. longipetiolatum and A. maximum were the first reported. Three cp genomes exhibited typical quadripartite structures with 163,269-163,591 bp in length. Each genome encodes 130 functional genes including 79 protein-coding, 26 tRNAs and 3 rRNAs genes. 113-152 SSRs and 99 long repeats were identified in the three cp genomes. By designing specific primers, we amplified the highly variable loci and the mined genetic marker ccsA exhibited a relatively high species identification resolution in Amomum. The nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution ratios (Ka/Ks) in Amomum and Alpinia showed that most genes were subjected to a purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships of Amomum and Alpinia species and proved that Amomum is paraphyletic. In addition, the sequenced sample of A. villosum was found to be a hybrid, becoming the first report of natural hybridization of this genus. Meanwhile, the high-throughput sequencing-based ITS2 analysis was proved to be an efficient tool for interspecific hybrid identification and with the help of the chloroplast genome, the hybrid parents can be also be determined.

Conclusion

The comparative analysis and mined genetic markers of cp genomes were conducive to species identification and evolutionary relationships of Amomum.
Mode of treatments and achievement of treatment targets among type 2 diabetes patients with different comorbidities – a register-based retrospective cohort study in Finland
Authors: Nazu Nazma Akter , Wikström Katja , Lamidi Marja-Leena , Lindström Jaana , Tirkkonen Hilkka , Rautiainen Päivi , Laatikainen Tiina
Published: November 2022

Aims

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease often associated with comorbidities that complicate the management of T2D and affect the achievement of treatment targets. However, adherence to guidelines and individualized treatments can potentially improve treatment outcomes. This study assessed the association between different glucose lowering and lipid lowering medication lines and the achievement of treatment targets with different comorbidities among a T2D cohort in North Karelia, Finland (2011-12 to 2015-16).

Methods

The data on all diagnosed T2D patients (n = 10,190) in North Karelia were collated retrospectively from regional electronic health records (EHRs). Analyses were performed considering the age, sex, and comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and any mental disorders (AMD). We analyzed the trends in using glucose lowering and lipid lowering medications and the effect of changes in medication on the achievement of treatment targets among different patient groups.

Results

Metformin was the most common treatment in all patient groups. The use of only metformin declined and the use of metformin and/or other non-insulin medications increased during the follow-up. A Combination of insulin and non-insulin medication was mostly used by T2D patients with both cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders (T2D + CVD + AMD), and the use of insulin increased among this group in follow-up. Achievement of the glucose treatment target deteriorated even after the intensification of medication among all patient groups during the follow-up. A considerably higher number of patients with T2D + AMD and T2D + CVD + AMD did not use lipid lowering medication when compared to the T2D + CVD patients both at baseline and follow-up. However, the achievement of the LDL treatment target improved during the follow-up.

Conclusion

Achievement of the glucose target deteriorated even after the intensification of treatment, and especially among patients with multiple diseases. Many T2D patients with AMD and CVD remained without lipid lowering medication, which needs further attention.
Modifiable factors associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation in older patients with hip fracture in an orthogeriatric care pathway: a nested case–control study
Authors: Gay Pierre , Genet Bastien , Rouet Audrey , Alkouri Rana , Cohen-Bittan Judith , Boddaert Jacques , Zerah Lorène
Published: November 2022

Background

Few data are available regarding post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in non-cardiothoracic surgery, particularly orthopedic surgery. Hence, given the frequent incidence of POAF after surgery and its marked impact, we need to identify modifiable factors associated with POAF after hip fracture surgery in older patients.

Methods

We conducted a nested case–control study in the unit for perioperative geriatric care of an academic hospital in Paris from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019, enrolling all consecutive patients aged ≥ 70 years with hip fracture surgery and no history of permanent AF before admission (retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data). Patients with and without POAF were matched 1:5 on 5 baseline characteristics (age, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, cardiac failure).

Results

Of the 757 patients included, 384 were matched, and 64 had POAF. The incidence of POAF was 8.5%. The mean age was 86 ± 6 years, 298 (78%) patients were female, and the median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 6 (interquartile range 4–8). The median time from surgery to the occurrence of POAF was 2 days (1–4). On multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis (matched cohort), the modifiable factors present at admission associated with POAF were time to surgery > 48 h (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [1.01–2.81]) and > 2 units of packed red blood cells (OR = 3.94, [1.50–10.03]).

Conclusions

This study provides new information about POAF in older patients with hip fracture surgery, a surgical emergency whose complexity requires multidisciplinary care.
Relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China
Authors: Hao Ming , Fang Yifei , Yan Wenjing , Gu Junwang , Hao Yanbin , Wu Chunmei
Published: November 2022

Background

With an increasing incidence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and body image has become a hot research topic worldwide. From high school to university, young people experience changes in their social environment. University students have a high incidence of eating disorders and insufficient physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China.

Methods

In total, 1296 university students aged 18–23 years were recruited for this study. The participants completed anthropometric measurements, the Physical Activity Rating scale-3 (PARS-3), and the Chinese-Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ). The ideal weight and silhouette were reported by university students using a questionnaire.

Results

Compared with men, young women had a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For men, body mass index (BMI; β = 0.76,P <  0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11,P <  0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.10,P <  0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction. For women, BMI (β = 0.57,P <  0.01), muscle mass (β = 0.12,P <  0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11,P <  0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.09,P <  0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction.

Conclusions

University students with high body dissatisfaction had lower physical activity scores and higher restrained eating scores. The data presented here highlight the impact of university students’ body dissatisfaction on physical activity deficiency and disordered eating behaviors in China.
Starting HMV at home: a reasonable option for many patients?
Authors: van den Biggelaar Ries J.M. , Hazenberg A. , Cobben N. A.M. , Gaytant M. A. , Gommers D. A.M.P.J. , Wijkstra P. J.
Published: November 2022

Background and objective

In the current study, we undertook a more detailed exploration of the reasons why patients undergoing HMV were screened out of a recently published study in order to better understand how applicable home initiation of HMV is under real life conditions.

Methods

All referred patients who had an indication for starting HMV were screened to participate in the Homerun study. In this trial 512 patients were screened out of the study. Those patients not enrolled in the trial were divided into the following 3 groups: (1) those not fulfilling the inclusion criteria; 2) those meeting the exclusion criteria and 3) those excluded on the basis of medical or organisation reasons. Each group was then further divided into those who would likely have been suitable for initiation of HMV at home in real world practice and those who were unsuitable.

Results

Based on inclusion criteria (group 1) 116 patients could not start HMV in real life, while this was 245 patients in the study. Based on the exclusion criteria (group 2) 11 patients could not start in real life while this was 79 in the study. One hundred and eighty-eight could not be enrolled in the study due to medical and organisational reasons ( group 3), while in real life this was only 95.

Conclusion

This study indicates that more than 55% of patients who did not participate in the Homerun study could have started HMV at home in real life.