bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPEAMENTO DA GESTÃO DO TERMO CIRCUNSTANCIADO DE OCORRÊNCIA NAS POLÍCIAS MILITARES DO BRASIL
Authors: Lopes da Silva Júnior Azor , Bastos de Rezende Godinho Nair , Martinez Hipólito Marcello , Ribeiro da Silva Valter
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa mapeia o processo de implantação do registro de termos circunstanciados de ocorrência (TCO), nas infrações penais de menor potencial ofensivo, pelas polícias militares do Brasil, com objetivo de identificar o percurso percorrido pelas pioneiras, o processo de implantação adotado por seus seguidores e identificar as corporações que não adotaram o procedimento ou retrocederam no processo de sua implantação. Demonstra-se as dificuldades enfrentadas e os desafios recentes no processo de implantação do projeto nas unidades federativas do país. Discute-se os debates atuais de operacionalização do procedimento, buscando-se soluções em nível nacional. O método adotado foi o dedutivo. A metodologia de coleta de dados partiu de pesquisa exploratória quali-quantitativa, na forma de estudo de casos, sob a plataforma “Google Forms”, a partir de questionário dirigido a representantes das 27 polícias militares do país, sondando dados da implantação, do sistema de registro e da normatização corporativa. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que, em alguns estados, a implantação se acha bem avançada, enquanto insipiente noutros.
INVENTÁRIO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO CRIMINAL PELO DESIGN AMBIENTAL (CPTED) PARA ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Senna Isângelo , Iglesias Fábio , Heiki Matsunaga Lucas
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo objetivou a elaboração de um instrumento de avaliação pós-ocupacional para a verificação de fatores que influenciam comportamentos criminosos e o medo do crime em ambientes públicos. O instrumento foi construído a partir da revisão sistemática da literatura em prevenção criminal pelo design ambiental, em busca de elementos que identificassem características ambientais específicas relacionados ao crime real ou percebido. Os itens elaborados foram submetidos à análise de juízes especializados em arquitetura, direito, segurança pública e psicologia. Buscando validade e fidedignidade, o inventário foi testado em 10 ambientes públicos do Distrito Federal por 24 aplicadores treinados para este fim. A partir de critérios psicométricos, obteve-se um instrumento contendo 58 itens categorizados em 7 dimensões, sendo elas: Iluminação, Manutenção do Espaço, Wayfinding, Vigilância Natural, Territorialidade, Justaposição Geográfica, e Emergência e Acidentes. O instrumento se revelou capaz de facilitar análises e intervenções tanto em ambientes seguros como não-seguros. Tais medidas, além de promoverem a segurança, contribuem para: a saúde mental e física da população; o crescimento econômico; e a redução dos gastos públicos referentes ao crime e ao medo do crime.
Indigenous pig genetic resources of India: Distribution, types and their characteristics
Authors: BEHL RAHUL , VIJ P K , NIRANJAN S K , BEHL JYOTSNA , VIJH R K
Published: December 2022

In India, the indigenous pigs are traditionally reared either by the poor, weaker and the tribal sections of the society. Although, the growth rates and feed conversion ratio of indigenous pigs are less than those of exotic or crossbred pigs, they have unique features like heat tolerance, disease resistance, early sexual maturity and ability to produce meat with less fat. In India, the total population of indigenous pigs is 78.35 lakhs constituting 76.14% of the total pig population of the country. Uttar Pradesh has the largest population of indigenous pigs (11.52 lakhs), followed by Assam (10.22 lakhs), Jharkhand (9.21 lakhs) and Bihar (6.26 lakhs). In studies conducted at various centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on pigs, the weight of these pigs at birth, weaning (8 weeks) and 32 weeks of age ranged from 0.44±0.01 to 0.83±0.01, 7.00±0.36 to 8.12±0.18 and 31.32±0.45 to 42.91±1.04 kg, respectively. Although, the indigenous pigs were largely clubbed as local or non-descript but in the last few years many population have been characterized. Some of them have been registered by ICAR-NBAGR as new breeds of indigenous pigs, like Ghoongroo, Niang Megha, Agondagoan, Tenyi Vo, Nicobari, Doom, Zovawk and Gurrah pigs. This review discusses the population trend, attributes and available breeds of indigenous pigs of India.
Genus specific PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR for diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis
Authors: VARGHESE S C , GANDGE R S
Published: December 2022

Diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis remains a serious problem, due to unusual nature of etiological agent. Although, many protocols for PCR are set with the published primers; they do not always yield vis-à-vis results under different existing conditions of laboratories. Therefore, the present research was aimed towards the optimization and evaluation of genus specific and multiplex PCR for molecular diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis. The research was carried out systematically where in first DNA extraction protocol was standardized followed by optimization of PCR. Using optimized protocols, screening of 165 clinical specimens from mycoplasmosis suspected birds was carried out employing genus specific PCR-RFLP, followed by the confirmation of positive samples by multiplex PCR assay and sequencing of unidentified PCR products. Phenol chloroform isoamyl method was found superior to rapid heat freeze method for extraction of better quality and quantity of DNA. Genus specific 16S rRNA based PCR-RFLP was found sensitive and convenient method for screening large number of clinical specimens for detection of mycoplasma infection.
An estimation of feed and fodder availability in the arid Rajasthan
Authors: KUMAWAT R N , MISRA ARUN KUMAR
Published: December 2022

Animal husbandry is a major economic activity of farming systems of arid Rajasthan contributing more than 50% in the total economy. Regular and assured supply of feed and fodder is essential for sustainable livestock development. The aim of the present study was to estimate the feed and fodder demand and availability for existing livestock based on secondary data collected from different sources. The total annual availability of feed and fodder for livestock in arid Rajasthan worked out to be 38.46 million tons against the requirement of 58.39 million tons. The supply of dry roughages is exceeded by 5.03% against the requirement of 16.71 million tons. The surplus availability of roughages was observed in Hanumangarh, Sri Ganganagar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Jalore and Bikaner districts. The highest shortfall of green fodder was observed in Churu followed by Nagaur, Jalore and Sikar district. The demand for concentrate exceeded more than 50% in most of the districts and it was highest in Barmer, Nagaur and Jaisalmer. To mitigate the deficit supply of green and dry fodder, silvopastoral models should be included in the policies for livestock development. The establishment of fodder banks with complete and balanced fodder block making machines in cluster of villages, and promotion of dual purpose crops through extension may need more attention by the state government to mitigate the shortfall of feed and fodder supply.
Evaluating potential of wheat varieties at different phenological stages for silage production
Authors: HUNDAL JASPAL SINGH , WADHWA MANJU , BRAR NAVJOT SINGH , KUMAR BALWINDER
Published: December 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variety, harvest stage and their interactions on nutritive profile, feed values and in vitro fermentation characteristics of whole crop wheat silage under Indian climate. Four wheat cultivars, sown in randomized block design with 3 replications, were harvested at the head and the milk stage and ensiled in low density polypropylene for 45 days. Results revealed significant effects of wheat cultivar, the harvest stage and its interaction on nutritive profile (CP, NDF, ADF, ADL), feed values (DM intake, Digestible DM, TDN, RFV, Flieg Score), in vitro potential (NGP, ME, OM digestibility) and fermentation characteristics (pH, lactic acid, ammonical nitrogen) while the variety affected acetic acid, harvest stage NDF digestibility and variety × harvest interaction effected butyric acid significantly. All wheat cultivars exhibited good ensiling characteristics at both phenological stages. However, the lowest ADF content and highest CP, digestible DM, RFV, NEl values and Flieg Score indicated the variety PBW 725 at head stage as most promising for silage production under Indian conditions.
Utility of first lactation fat energy corrected milk yield as a trait for genetic evaluation of Mehsana buffalo bulls using various sire evaluation methods
Authors: PRAJAPATI B M , GUPTA J P , CHAUDHARI J D , PARMAR G A , SATHWARA R N , PANCHASARA H H , PATEL P A , PRAJAPATI M N
Published: December 2022

India being a vegetarian country, milk is the major source of dietary bio-energy, but majority of animals are routinely being evaluated on the basis of their milk producing ability. The present study was aimed to come up with a sire evaluation methodology based on first lactation Fat Energy Corrected Milk Yield (FBE) in order to obtain an accurate and unbiased estimate of breeding value of Mehsana buffalo bulls and ranking them on the basis of their daughter's performance for future herd improvement. Data for the present study included 7825 she buffaloes in their first lactations, extended over a period of 25 years (1989 to 2013), from field progeny testing programme of Dudhsagar Research and Development Association (DURDA), Dudhsagar Dairy, Mehsana, Gujarat. The data were classified into different subclasses based on period, season, cluster and age at first calving group. The average breeding values of Mehsana buffalo bulls evaluated for FBE by least squares method (LSM), best linear unbiased prediction sire model (BLUP-SM) and best linear unbiased prediction animal model (BLUP-AM) methods were 1215.89, 1185.7 and 1185.7 kcal, respectively. BLUP-AM method had lowest error variance as compared to LSM and BLUP-SM methods of sire evaluation. This indicated that BLUP-AM was most efficient method.
Chitarangi sheep: A new carpet type ovine genetic resource of north-western India
Authors: MISHRA A K , JAIN ANAND , SINGH S
Published: December 2022

Chitarangi, a lesser known carpet type wool sheep which inhabits Punjab and Rajasthan. The survey was conducted in order to characterize and evaluate the performance of this unexplored sheep population. The data on body biometry, phenotypic characters and other performance traits were collected based on personnel recording, observations and information provided by the sheep farmers. Shamaki wali, a more prevalent synonym for this sheep among the farmers, is derived from Shamaki village of Ghadsana mandi tehsil of Sriganganagar district. Farmers reported rearing this sheep since more than last 40-50 years. Chitarangi animals are medium to large in size. The coat colour is white. A red brown ring around eyes, patches on muzzle, red brown colour of distal half of the ear pinna and serration of various shape and depth in distal part of the ear pinna are distinct and distinguishing phenotypic characteristic of this breed. The light brown and chocolate colours of these markings were also observed in some of the animals. Ears are large in size and leafy. Both the sexes are polled; however, horns were noticed in some rams. Tail is thin and medium in length. The average body weight of adult males and females were 56.27±1.28 and 46.16±0.50 kg, respectively which ranged from 39 to 95 kg in males and 26 to 74 kg in females. The overall body length, height at wither, chest girth, paunch girth, face length, face width, ear length and tail length were also estimated. Fleece is not very dense and of good carpet quality. The fibre diameter, medulation and staple length were 42.22±0.10 μ, 56.60±4.22% and 5.90±0.32 cm, respectively which indicate that wool is of good carpet type. The age at first breeding in rams and age at first lambing in ewes were 12 to 15 and 18 to 23 months, respectively. The results indicate that the Chitarangi sheep is phenotypically different from other sheep breeds of the region and famous for carpet type wool.
In vitro regeneration of double haploid line of African marigold (Tagetes erecta) derived from ovule culture using non-axillary explants
Authors: MEHRAJ UZMA , PANWAR SAPNA , SINGH KANWAR PAL , Namita NAMITA , PANDEY RENU , SOLANKE AMOLKUMAR U , MALLICK NIHARIKA , KUMAR SURENDRA
Published: December 2022

An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro regeneration of double haploid line of African marigold variety Local Orange derived through ovule culture. Maximum survival (85%) of leaf explant was found in the treatment comprising of Bavistin (0.2%), Ridomil (0.2%) and 8-HQC (200 ppm). The surface sterilization treatment of explants with mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 3 minutes resulted in maximum survival (88.33%) and minimum contamination (18.33%). Three different portions of leaf explant (Tip, middle and basal) were used for regeneration. The treatment comprising MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.25 mg/l) resulted in maximum percent regeneration (86.25), lowest number of days taken for callus initiation (3.05), minimum number of days for shoot regeneration (13.25), maximum number of micro shoots per explant (3.50), minimum number of days to reach the stage of sub culturing (5.75) with basal portion of leaf explant. Among the different explants, basal portion of the leaf was found as the best explant for maximum regeneration. The basal portion of the leaf explant was further treated with best regeneration treatment, i. e. BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.25 mg/l) along with different concentrations of putrescine and it was observed that maximum percent regeneration (89.83%), minimum number of days for shoot regeneration (13.50), maximum number of micro shoots per explant (6.25) and minimum number of days to reach the stage of subculturing (5.75) were found in the treatment combination of BAP (0.5 mg/l), NAA (0.25 mg/l) and Putrescine (50 mg/l).
Development and evaluation of multi nozzle backpack type power sprayer
Authors: SINGH AVESH KUMAR , MANES GURSAHIB SINGH , DIXIT ANOOP , SINGH S K , Singh MANJEET
Published: December 2022

The study deals the development and evaluation of a multi-nozzle backpack type power sprayer, which can be used to spray at all stages of cotton crop by using the boom both in horizontal (during early stages of crop) and in vertical (during maturity stage) position. Three types of nozzles N1, N2 and N3 were evaluated in the laboratory at three pressures P1 (3.0 kg/cm2), P2 (4.5 kg/cm2) and P3 (6.0 kg/cm2) and at three target distances D1 (540 mm), D2 (340 mm) and D3 (250 mm). Based on laboratory results, rate of discharge, angle of spray and swath width were found non-significant for nozzle N1 and N3. Therefore, nozzle N1 and nozzle N2 were selected for spraying on cotton crops at different stages of growth (60, 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing).Water sensitive paper was fixed on the plant at three locations of canopy (up and down of leaf). Uniformity coefficient and droplet density varied from 1.19 to 2.91 and 34.33 to 76.67. However, at a particular stage of crop the uniformity index and droplet density for some combination of locations was found non-significant. Field capacity of Nozzle N1 and N2 decreased from 0.34 ha/h to 0.09 ha/h and 0.28 ha/h to 0.09 ha/h when the position of boom was changed from the horizontal to vertical positions. Fuel consumption for spraying with nozzle N1 and nozzle N2 increased from 0.42 l/h to 0.60 l/h and 0.37 l/h to 0.50 l/h when the position of boom was changed from horizontal to vertical positions.
Synergy of reduced gypsum and pressmud – a cost effective approach for sustainable reclamation of degraded sodic lands
Authors: SINGH YASH PAL , MISHRA VINAY K , BHARADWAJ AJAY K , ARORA SANJAY , SINGH ATUL K , SINGH SUDHANSHU , SINGH U S , ISMAIL A M , HAEFELE S M
Published: December 2022

The effect of improved practice [IP; gypsum application @ 25% gypsum requirement (GR) +10 t/ha press mud] over existing practice (EP; gypsum application @ 50% GR) on rice productivity and profitability in sodic soils (pH 9.2-10.4) was evaluated at farmers' fields for 3 years during 2011-14 in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. All growth parameters were significantly higher for IP than EP, with 36.5 and 39.3% higher straw and grain yield, respectively. Interaction effect between sodicity levels and reclamation practices were significant for grain and straw yields. Use of IP with S1, S2, S3, and S4 sodicity levels reduced reclamation costs by ` 15480, 18540, 22560 and 24780/ha, respectively. The combination of reduced costs and increased yields in the IP reclamation treatment led to higher returns from rice cultivation in sodic soils, because IP effect on rice yield was better at higher sodicity level, whereas under EP, this was achieved only for sodicity levels of S2 and S3. Soil properties like pH, EC, organic carbon, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), contents of cations and anions were improved significantly under IP than EP. Overall, improved practice of sodic soil reclamation had better effects on soil properties and crop yields than the current practices in vogue besides considerable reduction in cost of reclamation.
Maximising farm profitability through entrepreneurship development and farmers' innovations: Feasibility analysis and action interventions
Authors: NAIN M S , SINGH RASHMI , MISHRA J R , SHARMA J P , SINGH ANIL KUMAR , KUMAR ANJANI , GILLS RESHMA , SUMAN R S
Published: December 2022

The focus of capacity building has been shifting from primarily production to agri-business, based on market-led integration and developing other value chains aiming at enhancing farmers' income. It requires identification and supporting of rural enterprises through technology and skill training, entrepreneurship training, market information, access to institutionalized credit, and other infrastructure related facilities.The need for appreciation of farmers as actors in the innovation system, and institutionalization of farmers' wisdom for their scalability has been realized at most levels. To develop farming as a business venture and to integrate the farmers' innovations and opportunities in secondary agriculture an action research study has been conducted in National Capital region of India. Institutional arrangement for facilitation of networking among stakeholders and resources was opined as the foremost requirement for enhancing farm income. The skills in social processes of group management and enterprise management were found lacking among the farmers. The entrepreneurial and technical trainings led to income generating activities. The price spread in major commercial crops showed that the longer chain reduced the producers' share in consumer rupee drastically which implies the production linkages need to be developed with involvement of all the stakeholders. Through the lessons and opinion of respondents, maximizing farm profitability was found to be interplay of entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial climate, and farmers' innovations which suggest convergence and synergistic linkages.
Growth and diffusion dynamics of tractor in Punjab
Authors: SHEKHAWAT RAVINDRA SINGH , SINGH K N , BHATTARAI MADHUSUDAN , GURUNG BISHAL , LAMA ACHAL , SARKAR KRISHNA PADA , DONI RIPI
Published: December 2022

Over the last few decades, India has seen an incessant increase of tractor use as well as expansion in its domestic tractor manufacturing industry, in spite of comparatively slow wage growth and a slow decline in the employment share of the agricultural sector. If the present situation is to be accounted, arguably as much as 90% of the countryâ€™s farm area may be prepared by tractors. Monomolecular nonlinear growth model methodology was applied to Punjabâ€™s tractor density time-series data to capture the diffusion of tractor. Levenberg-Marquardt iterative method was applied with the help of SAS by using PROC NLIN statement and the obtained results show that the model is a good fit for the data under consideration. Further, Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of tractor density was also calculated to infer about the changes in tractor density over the time (1982â€“2015 ) and found that CAGR was high during 80s and 90s than 2000s. Despite of low growth in last decade, Punjab is expected to have more adopters of tractor in coming years. From this empirical study, we also infer that 90 per cent tractor penetration will be achieved by 2032 in Punjab.
Impact of Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav (MGMG) Programme in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana
Authors: SOM SUKANYA , BURMAN R ROY , SHARMA J P , SINGH A K , PAUL SUDIPTA
Published: December 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate impact of Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav (MGMG) programme by developing a quantitative framework. Five clusters of villages were randomly selected from Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Haryana and 15 respondents from each cluster were selected, making a total sample size of 150. One control village was selected against each experimental village using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique. Four components namely, farmer-scientist interface, farm output, institutional awareness and linkage were extracted in the index by applying Principal Component Method. The analyses revealed significant increase in frequency of farmer-scientist interaction, farmersâ€™ meet and increase in yield of rice, wheat and mustard. An increase of 59.73% and 37.28% in gross return was noticed in UP and Haryana, respectively. Though significant difference in awareness level and institutional linkage was found in UP between experimental and control groups, no significant difference was noticed in Haryana. Respondents reported high and medium level (48% and 41.33%) of timeliness of services in UP and Haryana, respectively. Total 44% and 42.67% respondents in UP and Haryana respectively, reported high level of relevancy. Similarly, 54.67 % and 46.67 % respondents in UP and Haryana, respectively reported high level of satisfaction with the services. Total 41.33% respondents in UP and 42.67% in Haryana stated medium level of usefulness of the services. The mean index scores in case of UP and Haryana were 0.692 and 0.528, respectively. Strategies were proposed to enhance the performance of MGMG programme.
Bulbul al-thawra
Authors: Yonus Zenia
Published: December 2022

Abdel Baset al-Sarout er et af de største revolutionssymboler i Syrien. Hans popularitet er stadig stor tre år efter hans død. Der argumenteres i artiklen for, at mediedækningen af hans personlige historie og revolutionære virke kan ses som et eksempel på kampen om narrativer i medierne.
Enfermedad de Lyme en México: situación actual, diagnóstico y riesgo en salud pública
Authors: Dzul Rosado Karla Rossanet , Contreras-Vallego Jesús Hazzen , Gordillo-Pérez Guadalupe , Puerto-Manzano Fernando , Noh-Pech Henry , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Iván
Published: December 2022

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International Organizations and Expatriates: Implications for Supporting the Successful Cultural Adjustment
Authors: Ma Yanqiu
Published: December 2022

Globalization is a phenomenon of 21st century, leading to the fact that many international organizations has accelerated the pace of overseas market expansion. Under such circumstances, expatriates come into a critical position, in which play the role of completing international assignments and developing foreign affiliates. However, cultural adjustment is the primary challenge that expatriates inevitably encounter. In order to enhance competitiveness in the fierce business environment, international organizations have to help their expatriates with cultural adjustment to the greatest extent possible. The paper provides useful implications for supporting successful adjustment from human resource management perspective, based on literature summary and case study, contributing to the innovation of cross-cultural research.
Assessing the Quality of Migration Statistics in Former Yugoslavia—Lot of Strategies but Less Implementation
Authors: Miladinov Goran
Published: December 2022

This research aims to examine the quality of migration statistics in the countries of former Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro) including Kosovo and Metohija as well. The comparative aspect of the research study provides an analysis on assessing the quality of migration statistics in terms of sources and data of migration statistics. The research results show that the region of the former Yugoslavia, except for Slovenia has ineffective migration statistics registration and serious limitations in this part. Furthermore, in a situation of absence of population registers almost within the whole region of former Yugoslavia, the population census and the administrative data serve as the only source for migration statistics. Moreover, almost all of the former Yugoslav republics have some existing problems in implementation of censuses regarding estimates of the usual resident population. Therefore, the migration statistics in the former Yugoslavia region provided by its national institutions should be considered as questionable.
Why Did He Kill? —A Criminal Psychological Study of Zombie
Authors: Xu Lingling
Published: December 2022

The novel Zombie by American author Joyce Carol Oates describes the entire self-destructive process of the main character Quentin, who turns from a college student into a ruthless serial killer. This article attempts to interpret the serial killer Quentin in Zombie from the perspective of criminal psychology, mainly the factors influencing the formation of crime, to analyse how Quentin descended into the abyss of crime step by step, which is critical for us to better understand the formation of crime and to take relevant preventive measures.
Research on the Business Model of Luckin Coffee Under the Background of New Retail
Authors: Liu Yuqiao
Published: December 2022

The term “new retail” first appeared in 2016, when Ma Yun, the co-founder and former executive chairman of Alibaba Group, put forward the concept in his speech. Since then, “new retail” has become a hot word and means that traditional e-commerce has begun to change into new retail. The new retail concept and development mode has brought a great impact on the development of the traditional retail industry, and also opened up a new way for its development. Since its birth, the implementation of the concept has brought the most direct impression to the public that a variety of unmanned retail experience stores have sprung up on a large scale nationwide. The experience stores take mobile payment and face recognition as the development basis, and show the concept in front of the public more intuitively, so that people can understand the concept of online payment and offline experience better, helping new retail win a lot of markets. This article will focus on the exploration of Luckin Coffee as a new retail coffee in terms of business model. Compared with the traditional coffee mode, the new retail coffee breaks the shackles of the physical space of the traditional coffee shop with the help of the Internet and meets the coffee consumption needs of users in multiple scenarios. At the same time, Luckin Coffee can accurately portray users and carry out targeted marketing through the data about consumption frequency and period of ordering coffee and light food category retained by users in the mobile app. Operation management, intelligent replenishment and scheduling and membership system establishment will be determined by the big data system of Luckin Coffee. The thesis makes an introduction of the realization means and profit analysis of Luckin Coffee’s new retail mode and briefly summarizes the reference significance of Luckin Coffee for other new retail industries.
A Preliminary Research on the Art Exchange Activities Between China and the GDR from 1949 to 1989
Authors: Shi Fangjun
Published: December 2022

After the end of the Second World War, Germany was divided into two parts. The political, economic, cultural, and artistic policies implemented by the German Democratic Republic (also known as East Germany), dominated by socialist ideology, followed the pace of the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it maintained friendly and cooperative relations with Eastern European countries such as the GDR. It organized a variety of exchange activities at the cultural level. From the perspective of the sociology of art, this paper discusses the foreign exchange strategies of the founding of China and the Eastern European countries that were also socialist camps, especially the art development of the GDR. At the same time, it sorts out the art exchange activities and interactive trajectories between China and the GDR from 1949 to 1989, thus deepening the understanding of cultural exchanges with foreign countries during the construction of China.
New Late Bronze Age hoard from Srebrenik: a preliminary report
Authors: Blečić Kavur Martina , Jašarević Aleksandar , Mutapčić Almir
Published: December 2022

Late Bronze Age hoard from Srebrenik it turned up by chance in May 2016. It was discovered in shallow pit on the slope of the hill facing down towards small stream in the village Rapatnice near Srebrenik (Tuzla Canton). The Srebrenik hoard is the largest hoard of bronze metal work yet found. It consists of over 150 pieces divided into 5 groups: weapons, tools, ornaments, bronze sheets and raw materials (ingots), which defined the hoard to be of large quantity and mixed composition. In those aspects, it represents the application of a classical pattern of hoard finds from the wider Pannonian-Carpathian and Eastern Alpine region. According to the typological analysis and its chronological attributions artifacts from hoard show great similarity with findings from nearby hoards, as that from Boljanić dated to the IInd phase of the Urnfield period hoards of Bosnia and Herzegovina, culturally associated with Late Bronze Age Barice-Gređani group. In cultural and technological aspects, it is interpreted in closer association with characteristic pattern of manifestation of hoards over a wide area of south-western Pannonia basin with Slavonia and Serbian Danube region, i.e. with the hoards of the IInd phase of the Continental Croatia – Veliko Nabrđe and with the IInd phase of the Urnfield hoards of Serbian territory. Consequently, the Srebernik hoard is well synchronized with the Ha A1 phase i.e. with the late 13th first half of the 12th century B.C. of the corrected Central European periodization.
In memoriam
Authors: Govedarica Blagoje
Published: December 2022

Živko Mikić (1946-2016) - Blagoje Govedarica
The importance of small archaeological finds from Glasinac
Authors: Jašarević Aleksandar , Forić-Plasto Melisa
Published: December 2022

This paper presents unpublished finds from the Glasinac area, which became part of the museum’s collections in the last couple of years. Most of them are chance finds of pottery and ornaments or finds from small-scale excavations undertaken recently. The large quantity of stratified pottery from the hillfort of Gradac in Sokolac provides a chronological frame for the activities at the site and exhibits a good correlation with the finds from the previously excavated nearby tumulus. Systematic research of the medieval site of Crkvina at Glasinac plain also revealed the existence of an older hillfort settlement dating to the Late Bronze Age. This recent discovery increases the number of the known hillforts in the Glasinac area from 54 to 55. In the vicinity of this site, we discovered a tumulus necropolis, probably connected to the Crkvina hillfort. One of these tumuli was excavated during 2014 campaign and is described in this contribution.
New perspectives of the tumuli burials during the Iron Age in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Papazovska Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

The Early Iron Age in R. Macedonia (10th to the beginning of the 8th century BC) was a period of unclear and undefined cultural values for these communities which were influenced by the new waves of the Transitional period. Yet, besides these influences, local communities also developed their own specific and characteristic appearances in the material culture. There is the obvious influence of the local Bronze Age culture, mixed with the northern elements of Hallstatt cultures from the western Balkan regions. Some of these elements existed for only a short time during the Transitional period and disappeared leaving no trace of their further development. The elements that were accepted were adapted to the local tastes (and needs) of the Iron Age communities, thus becoming incorporated into and recognizable parts of the local Iron Age culture. All of these elements present specific manifestations of the Early Iron Age culture in R. Macedonia, bringing it closer to the northern and north-western Iron Age cultures in the Balkan Peninsula. One of the most specific cultural phenomena of the Early Iron Age is the burial under tumuli. This was a new burial practice derived from the new way of life and new social relations in society. In this way, these burials, known as clan tumuli, played a major role in the appearance and the development of the Early Iron Age in Macedonia.
Ein spätbronzezeitlicher Bronzehort der Kolchis-Kultur aus Kalvata in Westgeorgien
Authors: Apakidze Joni
Published: December 2022

The study of bronze hoards of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages dates back to the 1930s. Currently, 214 bronze hoards are known from the territory of Georgia. The author defined this number of depositions as a result of his work in various museums of Georgia in 2018 and 2019. This work was carried out within the framework of the project of the German Research Foundation (project director Prof. Dr. Svend Hansen, German Archaeological Institute / Berlin), which aims at a detailed study of hoards of the Colchian culture in the Western and Central Caucasus. Within the framework of the project, in the summer of 2018, the author also explored the Kalvata hoard (Sachkhere Municipality, Imereti Region, Georgia) preserved in the Georgian National Museum in Tbilisi (GNM, Inventory # 1-38: 1-14). The Kalvata hoard consists of three bronze Colchian axes, 6 bronze hoes, 36 bronze bars, and two small pieces of bronze, belonging to an unidentified item. This hoard was hitherto dated by 10th-8th centuries BC. A detailed study of the hoard, and the search for parallels with the items in it, in particular, the axes, hoes, and bars, revealed that the Kalvata hoard belonged to the middle of the second half of the second millennium, more precisely, the 13th – 12th centuries BC. Accordingly, the date of the Kalvata collection is at least 300 years older than it was believed before. The author is convinced that most (if not all) bronze hoards of the Colchian culture had a religious destination and were votives to various gods. The fact that the hoards were indeed a sacrifice to the gods is corroborated by many facts.
Cvrtkovci hoard in the context of the potential of the Late Bronze Age hoards from Bosnia
Authors: Blečić Kavur Martina , Powell Wayne , Jašarević Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

The hoards from northern Bosnia, especially those along the wider stream area of river Bosna, are culturally and technologically interpreted in close connection with the emanating pattern of their manifestation in the wider area of south-western Pannonia and the extremely rich Posavina region within it. Data on 11 hoards in the region currently exists, with around 570 items and fragments recorded within these. Most hoards are considered to be representative of the cultural circumstances of the time and place in which they were deposited. Among them are included several exceptionally interesting recently published hoards from Majdan/Ridžal, Paležnica and Srebrenik, each with their own idiosyncrasies. These are now complemented by a hoard from Cvrtkovci, which is presented here in greater detail. All of these hoards, through typological-stylistic analysis and chronological attribution, have been attributed to the earlier period of the Urnfield culture, i.e., defined as falling within the range of phase II hoards of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a result, they are deemed to be characteristic of an integral part of the enigmatic Pan-European phenomenon of the Late Bronze Age, synchronized with the Ha A1 phase of Central European periodization of the 13th and 12th centuries BC.In the analyses of Bosnian hoards undertaken to date, an emphasis has been placed on the interpretation of objects as a valuable resource for typological and chronological evaluation, an approach that also forms the basis of this research. However, questions as to the spatial arrangement of the hoards within the landscape, interpersonal connections and origins have only recently been raised, and here, for the first time, an archaeo-metallurgical analysis of isotopes of representative objects from the Cvrtkovci hoard is presented.
Sava Valley (Posavina) – a heritage of communication Some examples from the Late Bronze Age
Authors: Gavranović Mario , Ložnjak Dizdar Daria
Published: December 2022

Dolina na Savi is a settlement and cemetery dated to the younger phase of the Late Bronze Age and the transition to the Early Iron Age. It is situated across the well-known site of Donja Dolina in northern Bosnia. Ten years of excavations in Dolina yielded numerous traces of communication between the communities along and across the river Sava through the centuries. A similar concentration of Late Bronze Age sites on the Sava can be observed near the settlement of Topolovaca Bregovi, some 70 m downstream. The data collected by archaeological research sheds new light on the role of the River Sava in the communication network of the transitional area between the Carpathian Basin, western Balkans, the Danube, and south-eastern Alps. In contrast to the modern perception of the River Sava as a border, the archaeological record from the Late Bronze Age clearly points to Posavina Region as a coherent cultural territory with a strong communication network both on local and regional scales. The distribution of specific bronze objects found in graves and settlements, but also discovered frequently as single finds along the riverbank, indicate the integration of the Posavina communities from the younger phase of the Late Bronze Age (late 12th – 10th centuries BC) into the communication network spanning eastern Austria, Moravia, Bohemia, and western Hungary. Better knowledge of the local communication heritage on both sides of the river is therefore crucial for the understanding of the wider contexts in a diachronic perspective, especially in the important and dynamic area of the middle Sava valley.
remnants of our pre-Christian beliefs around Ljubuški in Herzegovina
Authors: Milošević Ante
Published: December 2022

In the last few decades, various branches of science, especially philology with the analysis of ancient ritual texts, toponomastic research and comparative studies of oral tales in the folklore tradition of different populations, have significantly contributed to the new knowledge of ancient beliefs and gods worshiped throughout Europe, in the period before Christianity was completely established. I have discussed these issues on several occasions, by classifying such remains in Croatia, in the new finds or the monuments that were previously known, but were interpreted differently - both chronologically and iconographically. I relied on several interesting artefacts from Dalmatia: the bronze gilded cross-shaped shackles from the early medieval cemetery in Nin, the four-headed idol from Vaćan and the equestrian relief from Žrnovnica, and, for this occasion, an old find from the area of Ljubuški, now kept in the Museum of Humac. Namely, there is a rustic and almost schematically carved head on the fragment of one pillar, which can be said to be part of the idol of a Slavic deity, with great likelihood, given several artistic analogies. The text also draws attention to the iconographic features of the face, such as the prominent mustache and triangular beard, which have some other characterizations that can be assumed to represent precisely the pre-Christian deities - in our case Perun.
Newly Roman finds in Kakanj-Vareš area
Authors: Mesihović Salmedin , Beganović Samila
Published: December 2022

During summer of 2020 in the area of the municipalities of Kakanj and Vareš were found new finds from roman time. Remains of a Roman road, several hundred meters long, were found in the area of Kakanj at the Crnač site. In the area of Vareš, two epigraphic monuments were found with much damaged text that makes it impossible to read accurately. The possibility remains open that at least one of these epigraphic monuments is a milestone.
Nova istraživanja lokaliteta brončanog i željeznog doba na području Zenice
Authors: Gavranović Mario , Cogo Ikbal , Bujak Edin , Petschko Irene M.
Published: December 2022

The paper present results of the investigations on the prehistoric sites in the vicinity of the city of Zenica conducted during 2018 and 2019. Based on the cooperation between the Austrian Archaeological Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and City Museum of Zenica we applied geophysical prospection, air-borne laser scanning and excavations in order to get a better understanding of the Bronze and Iron Age developments in this specific part of the central Bosnia along the Bosna River. This research is emebeded within the project “Visualizing the unknown Balkans, supported by the Innovation Fond of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.Apart from previously known and to smaller extent excavated hillfort Kopilo, our work also focused on the sites situated on the ridge above Gradišće in the northern part of the Zenica Basin. What appears to be indicative of this micro-region are high attitudes (600-900 m a.s.l.) of the identified Bronze and Iron Ages settlements in comparison to the situation in the neighboring valleys and basins of the central Bosnia. Such position provided mutual visual contact between the sites and an excellent control of the entry and exit from the Zenica Basin. Our work also brought evidences of prehistoric stone mounds on the ridge above Gradišče. The numerous archeological finds indicatate the importance and a long continuity of the hillforts such as Kopilo that obviuolsy lasted unti the advanced La Téne Period.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF KAMPUNG NAGA AS TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ruhtiani Maya
Published: December 2022

Legal protection of traditional architectural design as a part of Indonesian traditional knowledge, without being realized, has become a great and complicated issue
because recently it is being exploited by irresponsible parties. The Indonesian philosophy Bhinneka Tunggal Ika describes Indonesia which consists of many ethnic groups around every corner of archipelago in which they create their own culture area with different condition. Every ethnic has traditional architecture as the cultural manifestation which rests on the custom and belief. Traditional architectural design as a piece of traditional knowledge in Indonesia is considered as one of cultural conservation which is material that needs to be protected. One of the matters that attracts attention now is architectural design of indigenous village in Indonesia called Kampung Naga. Kampung Naga provides sample or design of energy-efficient building in which its design is later developed by the private parties in Indonesia. Traditional intellectual property specifically the local wisdom has proved to offer many contributions for the development of environmental insight by using the teachings from ancestors which have been inherited through generations for centuries. Therefore, this research focuses on legal protection of traditional architectural design as a cultural conservation of Kampung Naga society in Indonesia which needs to be protected from exploitation or piracy both from private companies in Indonesia and from another country.
UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A LEGAL EDUCATION MEDIA CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: Anggriawan Teddy Prima , Mahanani Anajeng Esri Edhi , Mumpuni Retno , Wijaya Alvian Dwiangga
Published: December 2022

Globalization is currently running in cyberspace, connecting all digital communities. All aspects of human life are influenced by internet information technology, in this case the economic conditions provide very significant changes. Online stores or what we often call e-commerce is a form of change brought about by the internet in terms of shopping innovation by providing various conveniences in the transaction process. Seeing the phenomenon of the rapid development of electronic
transactions in Indonesian society, the problem in this research is how to use information technology as a media for consumer protection law education. The research method applied in this study is a normative legal research method. The research is said to be juridical normative because it intends to study and analyze the substance of the legislation on the subject matter or legal issue in its consistency with existing legal principles. The type of research used in this writing is doctrinal research.Aims to obtain a systematic explanation of the rule of law. Thus, all benefits to the community will depend on the provisions of the law itself. The element of education then becomes the spearhead to instill attitudes and habits of obedience to existing rules. If all human interests can be fulfilled without disputes or conflicts, then everything that happens regularly will not be questioned about the concept of justice
which focuses on what is entitled or who is at fault if someone is harmed by another person. The first indicator is an understanding of the law, a person knows about certain behaviors that have been regulated by law.
LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS AND ONLINE CHILDREN PROSTITUTION VENDORS (A FORM OF LEGAL REFORM IN HANDLING CRIMINAL CASES FOR CHILDREN)
Authors: Widya Pratiwi Ni Wayan , Shafa Najwa Bana , Vanessa Victoria , Kusuma Aditama Candra
Published: December 2022

This study discusses the enforcement of Law No. 21 of 2007 against perpetrators of child prostitution and also protects children as peddlers. cases of child prostitution in 2018 that have been recorded by the KPAI reached 93 cases spread throughout Indonesia. In 2020 there are also cases of online prostitution that ensnare children, in Kalibata City. As for then the main problem discussed in this scientific paper is how the implementation of Law No. 21 of 2007 takes action against perpetrators of child prostitution and also provides protection for children as peddlers. The research method used in this research is a normative research method
with a statutory approach. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the lack of law enforcement in human trafficking cases involving child prostitution where we emphasize that children in prostitution cases must be seen as victims and exploitation behavior must be considered a crime by Law Number 21 of 2007 Regarding the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons Article 5 Jo. number 8.