bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metode Lepas Dasar dengan Net Bag pada Pertumbuhan Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty)
Authors: Wibowo Ichsan Suryo , Santosa Gunawan Widi , Djunaedi Ali
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Parameter keberhasilan dari kegiatan budidaya rumput laut diukur berdasarkan dari hasil produksi thallus yang dibudidayakan. Metode budidaya yang digunakan dalam kegiatan budidaya rumput laut merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dijadikan sebagai acuan keberhasilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan dari rumput laut K. alvarezii yang dibudidayakan dengan metode lepas dasar menggunakan net bag yang dimodifikasi. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bibit rumput laut K. alvarezii (F2) yang diperoleh dari pembudidaya di Perairan Pulau Kemujan, Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan berpola Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah rumput laut K. alvarezii yang dibudidayakan dengan perlakuan A (satu lapis jaring), perlakuan B (dua lapis jaring), dan perlakuan C (tiga lapis jaring). Penanaman bibit dilakukan selama 42 hari sejak penanaman. Parameter pengamatan meliputi laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan parameter kualitas perairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh sistem budidaya lepas dasar menggunakan net bag (P < 0,05) terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik K. alvarezii. Metode net bag dengan satu lapis jaring memiliki pertumbuhan terbaik pada 4,95 ± 0,70 %g/hari. ABSTRACT: The success parameters of seaweed farming activities are measured based on the results of cultivated thallus. The cultivation method used in seaweed farming activities is one of the important factors used as a reference for success. This study aimed to assess the growth of K. alvarezii that was cultivated by employing off bottom method in a modified net bag system. The material used in this study was K. alvarezii (F2) seaweed seeds obtained from cultivators in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa Islands. The research method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design patterned. The treatments tested were K. alvarezii which was cultivated by treatment A (single net), treatment B (double net), and treatment C (triple net). Planting of seeds was carried out for 42 days after planting. Observation parameters include specific growth rate and water quality parameters. ANOVA test results showed that there was a significant influence (P <0.05) on the absolute weight and specific growth rate of K. alvarezii. Results showed that single net bag method given the best growth rate at 4.95 ± 0.70 %g/day.
Toksisitas Partisi N-Heksan dan Etil Asetat pada Ekstrak Sargassum sp. terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti Instar III
Authors: Sari Alfianisa Permata , Yudiati Ervia , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Kejadian demam berdarah dengue pada awal 2019 tercatat lebih dari 17.000 kasus demam berdarah dengan angka kematian mencapai 169 jiwa di seluruh Indonesia. Sargassum sp. merupakan jenis rumput laut cokelat berlimpah namun belum dimanffatkan dengan baik. Sargassum sp  memiliki beragam aktivitas biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak rumput laut cokelat Sargassum sp. larva Aedes aegypti instar III. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi sampel Sargassum sp. dengan pelarut metanol, dilanjutkan partisi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat serta analisis fitokimia menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis. Sepuluh ekor larva nyamuk dipaparkan dalam 100 ml aquades dengan beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 dan 1000 ppm), abate sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO dengan tiga kali ulangan. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak Sargassum sp. juga ditentukan dengan menghitung nilai LC50 pada jam ke-72. Perubahan morfologi diamati secara mikroskopis. Fraksi n-heksana dan etil asetat Sargassum sp. memiliki nilai LC50 berturut-turut sebesar 3129.15 ppm dan 996.28 ppm. Larva yang dipaparkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat Sargassum sp. memiliki kerusakan morfologi pada bagian kepala, siphon, saluran pencernaan, papila anal serta warna tubuh menjadi lebih gelap. Keseluruhan fraksi n-heksana dan etil asetat Sargassum sp. mengandung senyawa golongan fenolat dan terpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, fraksi etil asetat Sargassum sp. berpotensi sebagai larvasida.  ABSTRACT: In the early 2019, there has been 17,000 Indonesian people suffered and 169 died from Dengue epidemic. Sargassum sp. in Indonesian waters were plentiful, rich in biological activity and still unexpolitated. This study aimed to determine the 72-h LC50 of Sargassum sp. extract to Aedes aegypti instar III larvae. Extraction was done by maseration with methanol, partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate, folowed by TLC  analysis. Ten larvae were exposed with 100 mL aqudest in a serial concentration (0; 50;100; 25; 500 dan 1000 ppm), completed with Abate® powder as positive, aquadest as negative control. All treatments were replicated three times. Observation on morphological aberration was done microscopically. 72-h LC50 of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction were 3129.15 ppm dan 996.28 ppm, respectively. There were larval morphologically damage in head, siphon, digestive tract and papilla anal and dark coloured body. Extract were composed with phenolate and terpeniod coumpoud. It is concluded that Sargassum sp.  extract was a good source for larvacide.
Indeks Pencemaran Muara Sungai Jodoh, Kota Batam
Authors: Akbar R. M. Rachmad Rizal , Melani Winny Retna , Apriadi Tri
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK : Penentuan status mutu perairan perlu dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan pemantauan pencemaran kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran melalui nilai Indeks Pencemaran (IP) di perairan Muara Sungai Jodoh, Kota Batam. Lokasi pengambilan sampel berdasarkan metode purposive sampling di tujuh stasiun pada perairan Muara Sungai Jodoh Kelurahan Tanjung Uma Kota Batam. Parameter yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu suhu, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, salinitas, dan bakteri coliform. Sebagai pembanding, digunakan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan KEPMEN LH No.51 Tahun 2004. Perhitungan nilai IP dilakukan mengacu pada Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 115 Tahun 2003 Tentang Penentuan Status Mutu Air. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perairan muara Sungai Jodoh Kelurahan Tanjung Uma Kota Batam pada saat pasang maupun surut kualitas perairan tergolong tercemar ringan.  ABSTRACT : The determination of water quality status needs to be done as a reference to monitor water pollution. This study aimed to determine the level of pollutions through the level of Index Pollution (IP) in Jodoh River estuary, Tanjung Uma, Batam City . The location of sampling based on purposive sampling method of seven station in the waters of Jodoh River, Tanjung Uma, Batam City. Physical chemichal parameters used in this study were temperature, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, salinity and coliform bacteria. The water quality results were compared with water quality standards based on KEPMEN LH No.51 2004 for marine biotas. IP calculation was reference to the Minister of Environment No.115 2003 concerning on determination of water quality status. Based on the results of this study showed the estuary waters in the Jodoh River, Tanjung Uma, Batam City, when at high and low tide the water quality were slightly polluted.
Identifikasi Mikroplastik di Muara Sungai Kendal, Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Hanif Kharisma Haidar , Suprijanto Jusup , Pratikto Ibnu
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Kajian mengenai mikroplastik pada muara Sungai Kendal, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis polimer dan bentuk dari mikroplastik karena Sungai Kendal berpotensi membawa mikroplastik hingga ke laut. Penelitian mengenai mikroplastik ini terbagi dalam 3 tahap yaitu pengambilan, pengolahan, dan identifikasi. Pengambilan sampel pada permukaan laut menggunakan plankton net 60 µm pada 4 stasiun berbeda. Pengolahan sampel dilakukan dengan 3 tahap yaitu pendegradasian bahan organik, pemisahan densitas, penyaringan. Identifikasi polimer mikroplastik menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan identifikasi bentuk menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Hasil identifikasi polimer mikroplastik yang terdapat pada muara Sungai Kendal adalah polyethylene dan polypropylene. Bentuk mikroplastik yang didapatkan adalah fragment, film, foam, dan fiber. ABSTRACT: The study of microplastics in Kendal Estuary, Kendal Regency, Central Java, is necessary to know the polymer and shape of microplastics because Kendal River has potential to bring microplastics to ocean.  This study contains three steps of processing. The first step is sampling, then sample processing, and identification. Sample of microplastics is taken in surface water using plankton net 60 µm at 4 stations. Sample processing had three steps, first is the degradation of organics matter, density separation, then sample filtration. Polymer identification used FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and shape identification used stereo microscope. The results of polymer identification indicate that is two type of polymer, that is polyethylene and polypropylene. the shape of microplastics is fragment, film, foam, and fiber
Prediksi Transport Sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe
Authors: Kumaseh Eunike , Tatontos Yuliana Varala , Sarapil Costantein Imanuel
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Secara geografis, Teluk Tahuna diapit oleh 2 muara sungai yaitu Muara Sungai Tidore, yang dekat dengan Pelabuhan Nusantara Tahuna, dan Muara Sungai Towo’e. Hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya sedimentasi.Sehingga, perlu diketahui besarnya angkutan sedimen yang terjadi di perairan Teluk Tahuna.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu membandingkan metode Engelund-Hansen dengan hasil pengukuran di lapangan. Pengambilan sedimen menggunakan sediment trap dan diukur selama 2 minggu sekali sebanyak 5 kali. Sedimen dibawa ke Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah untuk memperoleh ukuran diameter sedimen. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun, Stasiun 1 dekat muara sungai Tidore, Stasiun 2 pada bagian tengah perairan, dan Stasiun 3 dekat muara sungai Towoé. Hasil prediksi transport sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna dengan metode Engelund-Hansen yaitu pada Stasiun 1 = 0,00000291(m3/m*s), Stasiun 2 = 0,00000697(m3/m*s), dan Stasiun 3 = 0,00000789(m3/m*s). Perhitungan transport sedimen yang paling tinggi adalah di Stasiun 3. Pengukuran laju sedimentasi yaitu pada Stasiun 1 sebesar 0,0000029 m3/hari, Stasiun 2 sebesar 0,0000053 m3/hari dan pada Stasiun 3 sebesar 0,0000072 m3/ hari. Rata – rata hasil pengukuran yang paling tinggi juga ada di Stasiun 3,yaitu dekat Muara Sungai Towoé. Hasil prediksi Metode Engelund-Hansen hampir sama dengan hasil pengukuran laju sedimen di lapangan. Metode Engelund-Hansen cocok digunakan untuk memprediksi transport sedimen di Perairan Teluk Tahuna. ABSTRACT: Geographically, Tahuna Bay has 2 river mouths, the Tidore river mouth, which is close to the Tahuna Harbor, and Towo'e river mouth. This allows sedimentation. So, it is necessary to know the calculation of sediment transport. The research method is comparing the Engelund-Hansen method with the results of measurements. Sediment rate measured by sediment trap and once in 2 weeks for 5 times. Sediments were taken to the Soil Mechanics Laboratory. The location was divided into 3 stations. The results of prediction of sediment transport in Tahuna Bay with the Engelund-Hansen method are Station 1  = 0,00000291 (m3/m*s), Station 2  = 0,00000697 (m3/m *s), and Station 3  = 0,00000789 (m3/m*s). The highest calculation of sediment transport is at Station 3. The average measurement of sedimentation rate at Station 1 of 0,0000029 m3/day, Station 2 of 0,0000053 m3/day and at Station 3 is 0,0000072 m3/day. The highest average measurement results are also at Station 3, which is near the Towoé River Estuary. The predicted results of the Engelund-Hansen Method are almost the same as those of the sediment rate measurements in the field. Engelund-Hansen Method can be used to predict the sediment transport in Tahuna bay.
Suplementasi Enzim Papain dalam Pakan terhadap Performa Pertumbuhan, Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan dan Kelulushidupan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Rachmawati Diana , Hutabarat Johannes , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Windarto Seto
Published: July 2021

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah karnivora yang sukar mencerna protein nabati dalam pakan sehingga efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan belum maksimal.  Hampir 40-60% dari total biaya produksi hanya untuk biaya pakan. Efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan enzim papain dalam pakan yang mampu meningkatkan penguraian dan pencernaan bahan pakan yang mengandung protein nabati sederhana sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya cerna protein pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi enzim papain dalam pakan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, performa pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan udang vaname. Hewan uji berupa udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 3,02±0,21 g/ekor yang diperoleh dari pembudidaya udang vaname Desa Blebak, Kecamatan Mlonggo, Jepara.  Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, 4 Perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan. Terdapat 4 perlakuan suplementasi enzim papain dalam pakan yaitu A (0 %), B (0,1 %), C (0,2 %), dan D (0,3 %). Parameter yang diamati meliputi EPP, PER, RGR, SR dan parameter kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim papain dalam pakan meningkatkan EPP, PER, RGR, namun tidak berpengaruh pada SR udang vaname. Enzim papain sebesar 0,1%/kg pakan merupakan dosis optimal pada EPP, PER dan RGR menghasilkan nilai maksimal sebesar 66,51%, 1,64 dan 4,22%/hari. White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a carnivorous animal that difficult to digests vegetable protein in the feed so that the efficiency of feed utilization is not maximal. Nearly 40-60% of the total production cost is only for feed cost. Feed efficiency is improved by using papain in the feed which can increase the breakdown and consumption of feed containing vegetable protein so that it can easily increase the digestibility of feed protein. This study examines the effect of papain supplementation in feed on the growth performance, efficiency of feed utilization, and survival rate of white shrimps. The test animals were white shrimp with an average weight of 3.02 ± 0.21 g / individuals obtained from the whiteleg shrimp farmers in Blebak Village, Mlonggo District, Jepara. The method in this study was an experimental method, with a completely randomized design, 4 treatments, and 3 repetitions. There were 4 supplements of papain in feed: A (0%), B (0.1%), C (0.2%), and D (0.3%). The parameters were EPP, PER, RGR, SR, and water quality parameters. The results showed that the supplementation of the papain in feed increased the EPP, PER, RGR, but had no effect on the SR of white shrimp. Papain of 0.1% / kg of feed was the optimal dose at EPP, PER, and RGR resulting in a maximum value of 66.51%, 1.64 and 4.22% / day.
Komposisi Nutrisi dan Kandungan Pigmen Fotosintesis Tiga Spesies Alga Merah (Rhodophyta sp.) Hasil Budidaya
Authors: Lumbessy Salnida Yuniarti , Setyowati Dewi Nur’aeni , Mukhlis Alis , Lestari Dewi Putri , Azhar Fariq
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK: Berbagai alga merah memiliki potensi nilai nutrisi dan biopigmen yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menambah nilai manfaat serta nilai jual rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia dan kandungan pigmen fotosintesis pada tiga spesies alga merah, yaitu Eucheuma cottonii, Eucheuma spinosum dan Eucheuma striatum yang dibudidayakan di Perairan Sreweh, Lombok Timur, NTB. Ketiga sampel tersebut diambil dalam bentuk segar dari hasil budidaya selama 42 hari. Sampel dianalisa komposisi nutrisi dengan menggunakan uji proksimat sedangkan pigmen fotosintesis diuji dengan menggunakan spktrofotometer. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa E. cottonii mempunyai kandungan lemak (5,77%), serat (15,22%), karbohidrat (47,36%) dan pigmen fikoeritrin (42,88 mg/g) yang tertinggi. Alga merah E. spinosum mempunyai kadar air yang tertinggi (29,72%) dan alga merah E. striatum mempunyai kandungan protein (4,51%), abu (32,49%), klorofil a (30,41 mg/g) dan klorofil b (54,95 mg/g) yang tertinggi. Ketiga spesies alga merahi ini mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber bahan pangan yang dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi dan kesehatan pada manusia maupun hewan sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi sebagai sumber pangan fungsional.ABSTRACT: Various red algae have potential nutritional and biopigment values that can be utilized to add value and sale value of seaweed. This study aims to determine the chemical composition and content of photosynthetic pigments in three species of red algae, namely Eucheuma cottonii, Eucheuma spinosum and Eucheuma striatum cultivated in Sreweh Waters, East Lombok, NTB. The three samples were taken in fresh form the cultivation for 42 days. The nutritional composition of the sample was analyzed using the proximate test while the photosynthetic pigments were tested using a spectrophotometer. The analysis showed that E. cottonii had the highest content of fat (5.77%), fiber (15.22%), carbohydrates (47.36%) and phicoerythrin pigment (42.88 mg / g). Red algae E. spinosum has the highest air content (29, 72%) and red algae E. striatum has protein content (4.51%), ash (32.49%), chlorophyll a (30.41 mg / g) and chlorophyll b (54.95 mg / g) the highest. These three species of red algae have potential as a source of fodd ingredients that can increase nutritional value and health in humans and animals, so that they can contribute as a source of functional food.
Model Transformasi Gelombang di Pelabuhan Patimban, Kabupaten Subang dengan Tiga Skenario
Authors: Rachmawatie Rifka Pramesti Asa , Rochaddi Baskoro , Indrayanti Elis
Published: July 2021

Pembangunan dermaga dan breakwater (pemecah gelombang) di Pelabuhan Patimban, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat dapat mengakibatkan transformasi gelombang di perairan sekitarnya. Pemodelan transformasi gelombang penting untuk memberikan informasi sekaligus memprediksi seberapa besar pengaruh pembangunan dermaga dan breakwater terhadap perairan di sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya transformasi gelombang dengan menggunakan tiga skenario. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan pada Januari sampai Februari 2020. Data yang digunakan adalah data gelombang hasil pengukuran lapangan, data angin, dan data batimetri. Peramalan gelombang dengan menggunakan metode Sverdrup-Munk Bretschneider (SMB). Pemodelan gelombang menggunakan model hidrodinamika untuk mengetahui besar transformasi gelombang. Tiga skenario yang digunakan yaitu skenario 1 (tanpa ada dermaga dan breakwater), skenario 2 (ada dermaga tanpa breakwater), dan skenario 3 (ada dermaga dan breakwater). Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa terjadi transformasi gelombang yang meliputi refraksi, refleksi, difraksi dan shoaling di Pelabuhan Patimban, dengan nilai koefisien refraksi tertinggi pada skenario 1. Penurunan tinggi gelombang terjadi pada skenario 2 dan skenario 3. The construction of a pier and breakwater at Patimban Port, Subang Regency, West Java can create wave transformation in the surrounding waters. Wave transformation modeling is  important to provide information as well as predict how much influence the construction of the pier and breakwater will have effect on the surrounding waters. The purpose of this research is to determine the three scenarios effects for wave transformation. Field research was carried out from January to February 2020. The data used were wave data from field measurements, wind data, and bathymetry data. Wave forecasting using the Sverdrup-Munk Bretschneider (SMB) method. Wave modeling uses hydrodynamic models to determine the magnitude of the wave transformation. Three scenarios are used, namely scenario 1 (without a pier and breakwater), scenario 2 (there is a dock without a breakwater), and scenario 3 (there are a pier and breakwater). The simulation results show that there is a wave transformation which includes refraction, reflection, diffraction, and shoaling at Patimban Port, with the highest refraction coefficient value in scenario 1. A reduction in wave height occurs in scenarios 2 and scenario 3.
Investigation on amitraz, coumaphos and thymol concentrations in honey produced by Slovenian beekeepers in 2020
Authors: BAŠA ČESNIK Helena , KMECL Veronika
Published: July 2021

A survey on concentrations of veterinary drug residues amitraz, coumaphos and thymol in honey, produced in year 2020 by Slovenian beekeepers, was conducted. 100 samples were analysed: 22 from organic and 78 from conventional production, with two analytical methods. In method for determination of coumaphos and thymol samples were extracted with acetone, petroleumether and dichlorometane. In method for determination of amitraz and its degradation products, samples were hydrolisated with HCl and NaOH, extractied with n-hexane and derivatisated with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Determination in both methods was performed with gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer. Measured concentrations of amitraz, coumaphos and thymol were in the range of 0.01-0.12 mg kg-1, 0.02-0.06 mg kg-1 and 0.08-0.17 mg kg-1, respectively. In 61 % of samples analysed no residues of amitraz, thymol and coumaphos were found. Data obtained were compared with the data from literature. Chronic and acute exposure were calculated for consumers. Maximum chronic exposure for amitraz and thymol was 0.1 % and 0.05 % of acceptable daily intake, respectively. Maximum acute exposure for amitraz and thymol was 4 % and 0.8 % of acute reference dose, respectively
Assessment of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes based on their agro-physiological characteristics and stress tolerance indices
Authors: MEKAOUSSI Radhia , RABTI Abou-bakr , FELLAHI Zine El Abidine , HANNACHI Abderrahmane , BENMAHAMMED Amar , BOUZERZOUR Hamenna
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the extent of variability and relationships between grain yield and morpho-physiological durum wheat traits. Sufficient variability was observed for most characters. Based on stress indices, either widely or specifically, adapted lines were identified. Path analysis pointed out to above ground biomass, harvest index, spike fertility and spike number as yield determinants, suggesting that these traits are of interest in the breeding program. The measured traits were classified within 6 principal components accounting for 79.45 % of the total variation. Breeding lines dispersed along first principal component exhibited substantial differences in performance and stress tolerance abilities. Cluster C3 lines were high yielding and stress tolerant. From this cluster, lines L24 and L14 were scored as the best for 7 and 5 traits out of 17 characters, respectively. Both lines are proposed for release and as parents in crosses to take advantage of their desirable characteristics. The results indicated that physiological traits were unrelated to each other and to morphological traits making difficult the concomitant selection for yield and stress tolerance driven by these traits. Complexes crosses, between parents carefully chosen for these specific characteristics, are necessary to enhance favorable genetic linkage and to generate new basic segregating populations with high genetic variability for these traits.
Essential oil content, chamazulene content and antioxidative properties of Achillea millefolium agg. extracts from Slovenia
Authors: TURK Boris , BARIČEVIČ Dea , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to clarify some biochemical properties, important for the phytopharmaceutical use of yarrow from the A. millefolium agg.. The study comprised 41 populations from Slovenia. The most abundant taxa were included: Achillea millefolium L., A. roseoalba Ehrend., A. collina (Wirtg.) Becker ex Rchb., A. distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., A. pannonica Scheele, A. pratensis Saukel & R.Länger and A. nobilis L. Assessment of essential oil content with the steam distillation method showed no significant difference between taxa. Essential oil content was the lowest in A. collina (6.50 ml kg-1 of dry matter), followed by A. pannonica (7.75 ml kg-1), A. distans (8.50 ml kg-1), A. nobilis (9.40 ml kg-1), A. pratensis (9.65 ml kg-1), A. nobilis × A. millefolium (12.25 ml kg-1), A. roseoalba (12.75 ml kg-1) and A. millefolium (13.50 ml kg-1). The content of azulenes was determined by photometrical measurement of chamazulene in essential oil extracts. Chamazulene was only present in the diploid taxon and one tetraploid taxon, i.e., A. roseoalba (0.16 % of dry plant mass) and A. collina (0.05 %). The differences in antioxidative capacity of extracts from different taxa were not statistically significant, so we can assume that specific antioxidative capacity is not bound to a specific taxon or ploidy level.
Data Analytics to Improve Customer Energy Efficiency
Authors: Angelopoulos Michail , Pollalis Yannis
Published: July 2021

This research focuses on providing insights for a solution for collecting, storing, analyzing and visualizing data from customer energy consumption patterns. The data analysis part of our research provides the models for knowledge discovery that can be used to improve energy efficiency at both producer and consumer ends.

Τhe study sets a new analytical framework for assessing the role of behavioral knowledge in energy efficiency using a wide range of Case Studies, Experiments, Research, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in combination with the most modern econometric methods and large analytical data taking into account the characteristics of the study participants (household energy customers).
An Analysis of Factors That Influences Cottage Industry Development
Authors: Pathmananathan P. Ravindran , Aseh Khairi , Kenny Kamal
Published: July 2021

Cottage Industry in Malaysia contributes key economic revenues for the village population. It is mainly small-scaled operations, using local resources and traditional skills with very low investments but fast returns. However, the industry may not be flourishing currently due to the lack of modern technology, facilities and knowledge transfer in place. Aim of this study is to determine the CI's current positions, challenges, and gaps in the state of Perak. This study was carried out via a self-administered structured questionnaire that equally distributed throughout the Perak State (North Perak, Central Perak and South Perak) involving 300 respondents. The study shows that a community's socioeconomic development and CI sector are influenced by a variety of factors. It is due to both internal and external causes, such as interest and self-motivation, as well as the positions of different organisations, as well as family and community support.
An Analysis on Effect of Gender Towards Computer Literacy & E-Commerce
Authors: Pathmananathan P. Ravindran , Aseh Khairi , Kenny Kamal
Published: July 2021

For its own development and governance, the Internet created a ground-breaking open model that involved all stakeholders. In an enormously connected world, Generation Y has been identified as the main consumer group that will bring change to the internet platform.. The aim of this study is to analyze the attitude and the Internet usage among the generation. This study was conducted using a questionnaire that was completed by 432 working professionals in the Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory and Selangor State, specifically MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor). It can be concluded that determinants such as gender and computer literacy influences internet moderators. in addition, as a moderator, the association between gender and computer literacy is imperative.
An Overview of the Determinants That Escalates Cottage Industry
Authors: Pathmananathan P. Ravindran , Aseh Khairi , Kenny Kamal
Published: July 2021

In Malaysia, Cottage Industry is a major source of revenue for the villagers. It's mostly small-scale operations that rely on local resources and conventional skills, with low upfront costs and quick returns. However, due to a lack of new technologies, infrastructure, and knowledge transfer, the industry might not be thriving right now. The aim of this research is to evaluate the current roles, challenges, and gaps in Perak's CI. This study was carried out via face-to-face interview on 10 stakeholders from different agencies. This study shows a number of factors affect a community's socioeconomic development and CI business. Internal and external factors, such as interest and self-motivation, as well as the positions of various organisations, as well as family and community support, all contribute to this.
Understanding Predictors That Influences Relationship Marketing in Unit Trust Industry
Authors: Pathmananathan P. Ravindran , Aseh Khairi
Published: July 2021

Relationship marketing has been recognised as an excellent way to build an exclusive long-term relationship with their clients in today's dynamic global marketplace. Personal connection is becoming increasingly important to a growing number of businesses. A unit trust is an unincorporated common store structure that enables assets to hold resources and give benefits that go directly to singular unit proprietors as opposed to reinvesting them once again into the reserve.The aim of this research is to emphasise the significance of personal connection and unit trust in the service industry. This research was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed to 200 customers of unit trust agents in Penang. It can be concluded that relationship marketing is essentially corresponded with personal connection and consumer loyalty as well as client retention.
DETERMINANT OF SAFETY AND WORKPLACE SAFETY IN WORK ENVIRONMENT PT. PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PERSERO) SULUTTENGGO AREA
Authors: Lumintang Genita Gracia , Kindangen Paulus , - Adolfina
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of organizational characteristics, and individual characteristics on physical environment component, psychosocial component, and behavior component toward workplace safety and health in PT. PLN (Persero) Suluttenggo area. The object of this research is permanent employees or outsourcing employees in PT. PLN (Persero) Suluttenggo Area.

Research Design used in this research is survey research, in which the sample collected by distributing questionnaires to 50 permanent employees and outsourcing employees that already worked as work partner of PT. PLN (Persero) Suluttenggo Area. As for the analysis instrument is using partial least squares (PLS).

The result shows that organizational characteristic has a positive influence on the components of work environment, either physically or psychosocially; and on behavior as well as the workplace health and safety. On the other hand, individual characteristic doesn’t have an influence. The result of this research also shows that only the individual behavior that has a positive influence on workplace health and safety, while physical work environment does not, meanwhile psychosocial component has a negative influence on workplace health and safety.
Examining Key Success Factors for Effective Risk Management Affecting Bank Muscat’s Financial Performance: Case of Oman.
Authors: AL-JABRI FAWZIYA
Published: July 2021

Risk Management is considered as one of the major bank’s financial performance case of Oman. In recent years, the administration and financial corruptions has been shown to affect the financial performance of banks. Therefore, it provides rapid analysis to identify and examine those key factors and come up with better framework for more effective risk management of bank’s financial performance. As project topic shown, the aim of the study is to determine key success factors and the influence of risk management to banks financial performance. However, risk management has adverse effects.

 

The project provides literature review from scholarly sources for examining the positive impact of risk management.  The project carries primary and secondary data to obtain the information of research.  The finding of the project indicates to be more effective in banks financial performance. In addition, risk management should ensure the banks financial performance and controlling with success in business through financial planning and control. Finally, contribution of the project could be using as reference source. Many researchers are taken the benefit of the project especially in banks case of Oman.

Keywords:      Key Success Factors, Risk Management, Bank Financial Performance, Effective
China’s Democratization Revisited
Authors: Day Dong-Ching
Published: July 2021

When the Tiananmen Incident happened and the Berlin Wall collapsed in 1989 that indicated the end of the Cold War, some scholars predicted that China’s democratization would be realized in the short term. However, China not only didn’t become a democratic country, but also overtook Japan as the world number two economy in 2010; probably it will replace US as the world number one economy in 2030 which highly challenge the theory of economic growth bringing democratization. How come modernization theory doesn’t apply to China case after its rapid economic growth for decades? 

The easiest way to argue why China hasn’t become democratic country based on theories of democratization is that they couldn’t fit into China’s special situation. If that is the case, then further question will be why China’s situation is so special and what are behind it. This paper is trying to explain why China hasn’t democratized from the perspective of identity, and elaborate that ‘Four insistences’, ‘Being bullied experiences’, and ‘Democracy’s disorder and China model’ are those factors enhancing China’s identity. If those factors don’t change, it is hard to see China democratization happening in the foreseeable future.
Africa’s Oil Coast: Reflecting on Relations Among Gulf of Guinea Coast States
Authors: Nwamuo Bright , Alaku Emmanuel , Ani Uchenna U.
Published: July 2021

The Gulf of Guinea coast is a region endowed with petroleum resources and this has brought prominence to the region as major oil consumers and oil companies are found in the region. The region has become an alternative source of energy to the Middle East and demand for the region’s oil has continued to increase. Different countries make up the Gulf of Guinea with different colonial background, economic interest and levels of suspicion. This paper examines relations among these countries and its implication on their oil endowment and security. It suggests efforts that the Gulf of Guinea states can make to strengthen relations/cooperation among these states as this will enhance economic the development of the Gulf of Guinea coast.
PhD Candidate
Authors: Somo Haithar , Kurgat Dr. Alice , Kwonyike Joshua
Published: July 2021

Across the world, refugee hosting has been associated with costs and benefits to the hosting nations. However, in Kenya, hosting Somali refugees is majorly considered costly rather than beneficial to the nation. The county’s high insecurity is one of the major effects that Somali refugees are associated with. No objective research has indicated the specific benefits of Somali refugees in Kenya. Using mixed research method, this study focused on establishing the costs and benefits of Somali refugees. The findings show that Somali refugees pose positive and negative effects on the Kenyan state. These effects are economic, social, and environmental. The study recommends policy implementation and technological adoption strategies as ways of enhancing Somali refugee contribution to Kenya’s socio-economic development.
La competencia intercultural y el error pragmático
Authors: Tatoj Cecylia
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses two topics which are very popular nowadays among the academics dealing with foreign language teaching, namely: intercultural competence and pragmatic error. The author notes the fact that those two notions appear separately, because the starting points for discussing them are usually different fields of science. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that on one hand the two notions need to be treated uniformly, and on the other, that the pragmatic error should be included in error classifications which are references for both the authors of handbooks as well as people educating future teachers. For that purpose, the author defines intercultural competence, presents various approaches to error and its classification in teaching, and then explains what pragmatic error is and describes its linguistic characteristics.
Aspectos pragmáticos y estratégicos del desarrollo de la destreza de expresión escrita en Filología Española en la tercera década del siglo XXI
Authors: Grabowska Monika , Krzyżostaniak Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Written expression is one of the most important skills in philological studies. Subjected to a constant formative and summative evaluation, it plays a distinctive role and shows both the achievements and the shortcomings of the student’s linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic skills. In this analysis, we would like to focus on this last component of communicative competence, but also on the strategies of the learners connected with their practice of various forms of writing in the academic and private sphere. The paper summarizes the results of a survey completed by Spanish philology students from the Department of Romance Philology at the University of Wroclaw during the summer term of 2018/2019 academic year. One of the objectives of the survey was to find out to what extent the PNJH Pisanie program correspondsto the needs and expectations of current students in Poland.
La traducción de los aspectos interculturales en el aula de ELE con alumnos polacos de nivel inicial
Authors: Del Valle Cacela Verónica
Published: July 2021

Translation encompasses a complex activity in which we must transfer ideas from a source language to a target language, so that knowledge of the environment surrounding the working languages becomes a necessary competence to carry out the translation activity. Within this knowledge, we must necessarily include the cultural aspects of a language, either from an intercultural or an intracultural perspective. For the purpose of this article, we will focus on how intercultural elements can be developed in the classroom of Spanish as a foreign language. In order to accomplish our aim, we will expose based on empirical analysis the introduction of sociocultural items in university studies with beginners learners (A1-A2) and the result obtained, knowing that the primary objective of this curriculum is to prepare students to be translators or interpreters.
La búsqueda del lector híbrido como motivo implícito de la traducción pragmática. Caso de la novela Puppet de Margarita Cota-Cárdenas y su traducción al inglés
Authors: Kasperska Iwona
Published: July 2021

The article deals with a particular case of intra- and intertextual translation of a highly pragmatic nature, which can be seen in Puppet. A Chicano novella by Margarita Cota-Cárdenas. Composed mainly of fragments of conversations, monologues and personal letters, the novel reflects Spanish-English codeswitching, as a characteristic feature of the speech of the Mexican American community in the USA. By (re)producing a range of heteroglossal forms of this community communication, Cota-Cárdenas uses translation procedures to reach the hybrid reader who is, at the same time, the hallmark of Chicanos. The multilingual strategies (Hansen Esplin, 2012) of the author and the translators, Barbara D. Riess and Tino Sandoval, become the main pragmatic objective of the novel, both in its source and target versions. Given the multitude of translation procedures observed in both versions of this hybrid novel, the relativity of traditional translation terms, such as original and translation, is also discussed, as both turn out to be bilingual texts and pragmatic translations.
Habit-change, heightened consciousness, and agential “crises”: impersonal mechanisms, personal agents, and their complex entanglement
Authors: Colapietro Vincent
Published: July 2021

The author begins by highlighting Peirce’s claim that every kind of consciousness is more or less like a cognition. He concludes by making a plea for a cognitive semiotics in which both mechanistic explanations and accounts framed in terms of personal agents are necessary for an adequate account of human cognition. The topics of habit-taking and the form of consciousness associated with this process are what link Peirce’s cognitivist approach to consciousness and an inclusive, non-reductionist vision of cognitive semiotics. Impersonal mechanisms play an integral role in even the most sophisticated forms of human cognition. But the self-critical endeavors of personal agents, especially ones susceptible to “crises” such as doubt, play no less an important role.
A qualitative study of Machine Learning practices and engineering challenges in Earth Observation
Authors: Jentzsch Sophie , Hochgeschwender Nico
Published: July 2021

Machine Learning (ML) is ubiquitously on the advance. Like many domains, Earth Observation (EO) also increasingly relies on ML applications, where ML methods are applied to process vast amounts of heterogeneous and continuous data streams to answer socially and environmentally relevant questions. However, developing such ML- based EO systems remains challenging: Development processes and employed workflows are often barely structured and poorly reported. The application of ML methods and techniques is considered to be opaque and the lack of transparency is contradictory to the responsible development of ML-based EO applications. To improve this situation a better understanding of the current practices and engineering-related challenges in developing ML-based EO applications is required. In this paper, we report observations from an exploratory study where five experts shared their view on ML engineering in semi-structured interviews. We analysed these interviews with coding techniques as often applied in the domain of empirical software engineering. The interviews provide informative insights into the practical development of ML applications and reveal several engineering challenges. In addition, interviewees participated in a novel workflow sketching task, which provided a tangible reflection of implicit processes. Overall, the results confirm a gap between theoretical conceptions and real practices in ML development even though workflows were sketched abstractly as textbook-like. The results pave the way for a large-scale investigation on requirements for ML engineering in EO.
DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone
Authors: Galí Martí , Lizotte Martine , Kieber David J. , Randelhoff Achim , Hussherr Rachel , Xue Lei , Dinasquet Julie , Babin Marcel , Rehm Eric , Levasseur Maurice
Published: July 2021

Phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) can be prolific dimethylsulfide (DMS) producers, thereby influencing regional aerosol formation and cloud radiative forcing. Here we describe the distribution of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) across the Baffin Bay receding ice edge in early summer 2016. Overall, DMS and total DMSP (DMSPt) increased towards warmer waters of Atlantic origin concurrently with more advanced ice-melt and bloom stages. Relatively high DMS and DMSPt (medians of 6.3 and 70 nM, respectively) were observed in the surface layer (0–9 m depth), and very high values (reaching 74 and 524 nM, respectively) at the subsurface biomass maximum (15–30 m depth). Microscopic and pigment analyses indicated that subsurface DMS and DMSPt peaks were associated with Phaeocystis pouchetii, which bloomed in Atlantic-influenced waters and reached unprecedented biomass levels in Baffin Bay. In surface waters, DMS concentrations and DMS:DMSPt ratios were higher in the MIZ (medians of 12 nM and 0.15, respectively) than in fully ice-covered or ice-free conditions, potentially associated with enhanced phytoplanktonic DMSP release and bacterial DMSP cleavage (high dddP:dmdA gene ratios). Mean sea–air DMS fluxes (µmol m–2 d–1) increased from 0.3 in ice-covered waters to 10 in open waters (maximum of 26) owing to concurrent trends in near-surface DMS concentrations and physical drivers of gas exchange. Using remotely sensed sea-ice coverage and a compilation of sea–air DMS flux data, we estimated that the pan-Arctic DMS emission from the MIZ (EDMS, MIZ) was 5–13 Gg S yr–1. North of 80°N, EDMS, MIZ might have increased by around 10 ± 4% yr–1 between 2003 and 2014, likely exceeding open-water emissions in June and July. We conclude that EDMS, MIZ must be taken into account to evaluate plankton-climate feedbacks in the Arctic.
The Limits of Retributivism
Authors: Bronsther Jacob
Published: July 2021

“Limiting retributivists” believe that the vagueness of retributive proportionality represents a moral opportunity. They maintain that the state can permissibly harm an offender for the sake of crime prevention and other nonretributive goods, so long as the sentence resides within the broad range of retributively “not undeserved” punishments. However, in this essay, I argue that retributivism can justify only the least harmful sentence within such a range. To impose a sentence beyond this minimum would be cruel from a retributive perspective. It would harm an offender to a greater degree without thereby increasing the realization of our retributivist ends. Thus, if our nonretributive policy aims required a harsher sentence, the offender’s retributive desert could not provide the rationale, and we would need another theory that explains why, if at all, harming an offender as a means of realizing the desired nonretributive good is permissible.
The Conventional Problem with Corporate Sentencing (and One Unconventional Solution)
Authors: Thomas W. Robert
Published: July 2021

A recent wave of expressive accounts of corporate criminal law operate on the promise that corporate punishment can express a unique form of condemnation not capturable through civil enforcement. Unfortunately, the realities of corporate sentencing have thus far failed to make good on this expressive promise. Viewed in light of existing conventions that imbue meaning into our practices of punishment, corporate sentences rarely impose hard treatment in a manner or degree that these conventions seem to require. Accordingly, standard corporate sanctions turn out to be ill-suited to deliver—and, often, will likely undermine—the stigmatic punch upon which expressive defenses of corporate criminal law depend. A common response to this conventional problem with corporate sentencing has been to propose more, and harsher, corporate punishments. However, this approach overlooks the extent to which corporate punishment derives its stigmatic force from preexisting norms and conventions concerning individual punishment.

If trying to improve corporate punishment, then, expressivists might instead seek either to leverage or to dismantle the underlying conventions that give existing sanctions meaning. An example of the former strategy would be to revitalize long-neglected proposals for corporate shaming by adopting a criminal convention currently absent from the corporate space—namely, the pervasive, stigmatic application of epithets like “thief” or “felon.” An example of the latter would be to join criminal justice reformers in targeting conventions that, in recent decades, have enabled increasingly draconian sentencing practices. On this view, dissolving corporate sentencing’s conventional problem may represent a further, incidental benefit of systemic criminal justice reform.