bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Thermal Damage-Controlled Protocol for Thermal Ablation Modeled with Modified Porous Media-Based Bioheat Equation with Variable Porosity
Authors: Andreozzi Assunta , Brunese Luca , Iasiello Marcello , Tucci Claudio , Vanoli Giuseppe Peter
Published: January 2022

Thermal ablation of tumors is a minimally invasive technique more and more employed in cancer treatments. The main shortcomings of this technique are, on the one hand, the risk of an incomplete ablation, and on the other hand, the destruction of the surrounding healthy tissue. In this work, thermal ablation of a spherical hepatocellular carcinoma tumor (HCC) surrounded by healthy tissue is modeled. A modified porous media-based bioheat model is employed, including porosity variability from tumor core to healthy tissue, following experimental in vivo measures. Moreover, three different protocols are investigated: a constant heating protocol, a pulsating protocol, and a new developed damage-controlled protocol. The proposed damage-controlled protocol changes the heating source from constant to pulsating according to the thermal damage probability on the tumor rim. The equations are numerically solved by means of the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, and the outcomes show that the new proposed protocol is able to achieve the complete ablation in less time than the completely pulsating protocol, and to reach tissue temperature on the tumor rim 10 °C smaller than the constant protocol. These results are relevant to develop and improve different patient-based and automated protocols which can be embedded in medical devices’ software or in mobile applications, supporting medical staff with innovative technical solutions.
Effect of Fouling Layer (Acid–Ash Reaction) on Low-Temperature Corrosion Covering Heating Surface in Coal-Fired Flue Gas
Authors: Wei Wei , Yu Hewei , Guo Chang , Zhang Xingyu , Liu Guofu , Cheng Shen , Zhao Baofeng
Published: January 2022

Improving the efficiency of coal-fired boiler is beneficial for greenhouse gas control, mainly for carbon dioxide (CO2). The low-temperature corrosion covering heating surfaces is a frequent threat for coal-fired thermal equipment. The corrosion is induced by a fouling layer, where the ash deposition and condensed acid in coal-fired flue gas react mutually. The corrosion experiments were designed to investigate the reactions of representative acid solution between basic oxides, non-basic oxides, and fly ash particles covering metal surfaces. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the reaction particles and metal samples collected from experiments. The corrosion rates of 316L steel, 20# steel, Corten steel and ND (09CrCuSb) steel by the sulfuric solution of different concentrations with and without particles were obtained. The results showed that corrosion rate could be reduced by reacted particles, followed as: basic oxides particles > fly ash particles > non-basic oxides particles. Meanwhile, the deposited ash particles with smaller sizes contribute to a deeper acid–ash reactions due to more alkaline oxides accumulated. Thus, the metal surfaces will be covered by denser attachments, playing a function of corrosion resistance. The effect of fouling layer on low-temperature corrosion was obtained, guiding a safe and efficient operation of heat equipment in coal-fired flue gas.
The Holy Light of Cyberspace: Spiritual Experience in a Virtual Church
Authors: Mansour Nesrine
Published: January 2022

Digital technology became a substantial component of daily life activities where people grew less dependent on the constraints of the physical world. Recent developments of new media platforms have led to important changes in religious practices, resulting in digital religion. However, there is a lack of empirical research assessing the effect on the spiritual experience. Some elements of sacred architecture, light for instance, influence the perception and experience of space. Light is a symbol of the sacred as it uplifts the worshiper’s soul and contributes to the transcendental experience. This paper proposes an analysis of a contemporary space, cyberspace, in framing the sacred experience. The focus is on light and its effect on the spiritual experience in a virtual church. The method employs an empirical approach, adapted from the social sciences scholarship, to examine the extent of the spiritual experience(s) manifested by the participants as emotional responses to the sacred space. The findings highlight people’s experiences of the cyber-sacred space and offer insights into the design of those spaces. This spiritual event could be considered a spiritual appreciation of architectural elements translated as subjective emotional responses to virtual sacred architecture. Such study bridges the research of architecture and social sciences in creating a platform for the empirical exploration of virtual ‘built’ environments. It provides a quantitative approach to a phenomenological concept of digital religion and the future of spiritual practices related to virtual sacred architecture. The importance of the study lies on the designed methodology to assess the effect of light on the spiritual experience in virtual sacred architecture.
Revisiting the Analysis of Radiative Mid-Range Wireless Link for Pacemakers
Authors: Kim Ilkyu , Choi Bo-Hee , Lee Jeong-Hae
Published: January 2022

The development of a wireless link for biomedical applications requires an accurate estimation of the delivered power to implanted devices. In particular, a variety of mid-range applications in the biomedical area have gained significant attention. An appropriate method for the mid-range wireless link is required to implement a continuous wireless link through human tissue. Even though formulas used in this work are all based on previous works, this paper presents an implementation of the diverse formulas for the mid-range wireless link of an implanted antenna used for a pacemaker system based on the understanding on radiation properties varied with the distances from the antenna. The formulas based on input far-field data are successfully applied to compute the power transmission for the implanted devices, whose range includes radiative near-field and far-field regions. The wireless link for a pacemaker system is evaluated through using a patch antenna immersed with different depths of human tissue. A comparison of the computed and measured results shows an excellent agreement where the validity of the evaluation is demonstrated.
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Asci Francesco , Vivacqua Giorgio , Zampogna Alessandro , D’Onofrio Valentina , Mazzeo Adolfo , Suppa Antonio
Published: January 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with widespread aggregation of α-synuclein and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. As a result, striatal dopaminergic denervation leads to functional changes in the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, which in turn cause most of the parkinsonian signs and symptoms. Despite tremendous advances in the field in the last two decades, the overall management (i.e., diagnosis and follow-up) of patients with PD remains largely based on clinical procedures. Accordingly, a relevant advance in the field would require the development of innovative biomarkers for PD. Recently, the development of miniaturized electrochemical sensors has opened new opportunities in the clinical management of PD thanks to wearable devices able to detect specific biological molecules from various body fluids. We here first summarize the main wearable electrochemical technologies currently available and their possible use as medical devices. Then, we critically discuss the possible strengths and weaknesses of wearable electrochemical devices in the management of chronic diseases including PD. Finally, we speculate about possible future applications of wearable electrochemical sensors in PD, such as the attractive opportunity for personalized closed-loop therapeutic approaches.
About 3D Incompressible Flow Reconstruction from 2D Flow Field Measurements
Authors: Fabbiano Laura , Oresta Paolo , Lay-Ekuakille Aimé , Vacca Gaetano
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an assessment of the uncertainty affecting a hybrid procedure (experimental/numerical) is carried out to validate it for industrial applications, at the least. The procedure in question serves to depict 3D incompressible flow fields by using 2D measurements of it and computing the third velocity component by means of the continuity equation. A quasi-3D test case of an incompressible flow has been inspected in the wake of a NACA 0012 airfoil immersed in a forced flow of water running in a rectangular open channel. Specifically, starting from a 2D measurement data in planes orthogonal to the stream-wise direction, the computational approach can predict the third flow velocity component. A 3D ADV instrument has been utilized to measure the flow field, but only two velocity components have been considered as measured quantities, while the third one has been considered as reference with which to compare the computed component from the continuity equation to check the accuracy and validity of the hybrid procedure. At this aim, the uncertainties of the quantities have been evaluated, according to the GUM, to assess the agreement between experiments and predictions, in addition to other metrics. This aspect of uncertainty is not a technical sophistication but a substantial way to bring to the use of a 1D and 2D measurement system in lieu of a 3D one, which is costly in terms of maintenance, calibration, and economic issues. Moreover, the magnitude of the most relevant flow indicators by means of experimental data and predictions have been estimated and compared, for further confirmation by means of a supervised learning classification. Further, the sensed data have been processed, by means of a machine learning algorithm, to express them in a 3D way along with accuracy and epoch metrics. Two additional metrics have been included in the effort to show paramount interest, which are a geostatistical estimator and Sobol sensitivity. The statements of this paper can be used to design and test several devices for industrial purposes more easily.
Design of Integrated Micro-Fluxgate Magnetic Sensors: Advantages and Challenges of Numerical Analyses
Authors: Marconato Nicolò
Published: January 2022

Miniaturization and on-chip integration are major lines of research in many branches of science and technology developments, undoubtedly in sensor technology. Fluxgate magnetometers are very sensitive, and accurate magnetic sensors able to detect weak fields both AC and DC, which in recent years saw a great effort in minimizing their dimensions, weight, and power consumption. The physics behind the fluxgate principle is rather complex and makes simulations difficult and only partially used in the literature. The limited physical access to micro sensors for measurements and the need to optimize the entire integrated system, including the sensor geometry and the excitation and readout circuits, make numerical analyses particularly useful in the design of miniaturized sensors. After a thorough review of the miniaturized solutions proposed so far, the present paper examines in detail the possibility of adopting a model based approach for designing miniaturized fluxgate sensors. The model of the fluxgate effect of two different technologies proposed in the literature has been implemented to benchmark simulation results with real data. In addition to the advantages for an optimized design, the implementation and computational challenges of the numerical analyses are precisely outlined.
Ergonomic Task Analysis for Prioritization of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Mango-Harvesting Farmers
Authors: Boriboonsuksri Phonnipha , Taptagaporn Sasitorn , Kaewdok Teeraphun
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a mixed ergonomic tool analysis algorithm to prioritize work-related musculoskeletal problems. This study is a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) with associated risk factors among 14 male mango-harvesting farmers (all right-handed) with the mean age of 52.28 ± 7.75 years. Four tasks following mango-harvesting processes were analyzed: (1) mango harvesting, (2) mango transporting, (3) mango size sorting, and (4) mango weighing and transporting to the truck. The perceived physical exertion while working on a mango-harvesting farm was based on the Borg CR-10 with a modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Physical risk level due to awkward posture was evaluated by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and risk due to whole-body posture in association with the level of WMSDs risk was evaluated by the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheets. The subjective feelings of fatigue and posture analysis were normalized and combined using the theorem of power superposition to establish the fatigue effective index (FEI) for determining priorities to solve ergonomics-based task problems. This study indicated clearly that WMSDs are highly prevalent in mango-harvesting farmers, whereas the highest prevalence of WMSDs was reported in the right shoulder, right upper arm and lower back. The result provided the FEI of mango-harvesting farmers, ranked as follows: (1) size-sorting task, (2) weight-lifting task, (3) harvesting task, and (4) transporting task. The authors concluded that mango size sorting should be the first task to be improved to resolve the muscle fatigue problems among male mango-harvesting farmers.
The Effects of Residents’ Sense of Place on Their Willingness to Support Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Century-Old East Street Renewal Project in Shaoguan, China
Authors: Xu Xianfeng , Xue Desheng , Huang Gengzhi
Published: January 2022

With the improvement of urbanization in China, urban renewal has become the main way to meet the increasing demand of residents for urban space and facilities. In this context, this study takes “sense of place” as the theoretical starting point, takes Shaoguan Century-old East Street as the case, and constructs a relationship model between local residents’ sense of place and their willingness to support urban business district reconstruction from a multiscale perspective. By introducing community concern as a mediating variable, this study uses a structural equation model to analyze the influence of residents’ sense of place, including place attachment and place identity, on their intention to support commercial district reconstruction. The results show that residents’ sense of place is significantly different on the scales of block, community, and urban area, and the difference is only in place attachment, not in place identity. Second, the enhancement of residents’ sense of place can not only directly strengthen their willingness to support the renovation of commercial areas, but indirectly improve their willingness to support the renovation of urban commercial areas by enhancing their attention to the community. The conclusion of this study is of great significance to promote the regeneration of historical and cultural blocks and the process of urban renewal.
Identification of Social and Economic Expectations: Contextual Reasons for the Transformation Process of Industry 4.0 into the Industry 5.0 Concept
Authors: Saniuk Sebastian , Grabowska Sandra , Straka Martin
Published: January 2022

The dynamic development of the fourth industrial revolution, focused on the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, sparked fears of governments and society regarding the dehumanization of the industry in the future. Currently, there is a need to consider sustainable development and the crucial role of man in the assumptions of industry’s future development. Concerns about the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution’s technology became the basis for building the assumptions of Industry 5.0. The article aims to identify the social and economic expectations of the development of the fourth industrial revolution in the context of the development of the sustainability, humanization, and resilience of Industry 4.0. The article presents the results of research obtained based on a critical analysis of the literature and surveys conducted among representatives of Polish society. As a result of the research, key social expectations as to the directions of development of the Industry 4.0 concept were identified. Recommendations for industry development focused on three areas of development—human-centric, sustainable, and resilient—were established. The presented research results will allow the development of an investment strategy and a government policy to support the development of industry based on the human-centric digitization of the economy.
Evaluation of Welding Distortion and Hardness in the A36 Steel Plate Joints Using Different Cooling Media
Authors: Akhyar  , Tamlicha Akram , Farhan Ahmad , Azwinur  , Syukran  , Fadhilah Teuku Arif , Firsa Teuku , Raja Ghazilla Raja Ariffin
Published: January 2022

The temperature difference in the weld area during the process of welding, cooling the welded product, and post-welding affect the formation of distortion. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the distortion formed and hardness behavior on the ASTM A36 (EN S275) steel plate while welding using different cooling media including air, water, and ice. This involved using the MAG (Metal Active Gas) method, which used the AWS A5.18 ER70S-6 electrode with a 1 mm diameter and an 8 mm plate thickness. The value of distortion on the MAG-welded steel plate was measured using a digital dial indicator and evenly distributed by first making a grid. Moreover, the measuring points from the transverse and longitudinal directions were placed at 20 and 8 rows with a distance of 10 mm between points for each variation of the cooling media, such that 10 mm each was allowed left-right and top-down. The results showed that the highest distortion value of 3.13 was formed on the second row of the air cooling media, and this media was also used to determine the contours and distortion profiles.
Assessing Education from Space: Using Satellite Earth Observation to Quantify Overcrowding in Primary Schools in Rural Areas of Nigeria
Authors: Andries Ana , Morse Stephen , Murphy Richard J. , Lynch Jim , Woolliams Emma R.
Published: January 2022

Nigeria is a country with a rapidly growing youthful population and the availability of good quality education for all is a key priority in the sustainable development of the country. An important element of this is the need to improve access to high-quality primary education in rural areas. A key indicator for progress on this is the provision of adequate classroom space for the more than 20 million learners in Nigerian public schools because overpopulated classrooms are known to have a strong negative impact on the performance of both pupils and their teachers. However, it can be challenging to rapidly monitor this indicator for the over 60 thousand primary schools, especially in rural areas. In this research, we used satellite Earth Observation (EO) and Nigerian government data to determine the size of available teaching spaces and evaluate the degree of overcrowding in a sample of 1900 randomly selected rural primary schools across 19 Nigerian states spanning all regions of the country. Our analysis shows that 81.4% of the schools examined were overcrowded according to the minimum standard threshold for school size of at least 1.2 m2 of classroom space per pupil defined by the Federal Government of Nigeria. Such overcrowding can be expected to have a negative impact on educational performance, on achieving universal basic education and UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 (Quality Education), and it can lead to poverty. While measuring floor area can be performed manually on site, collecting, and reporting such data for the number of rural primary schools in a large and populous country such as Nigeria is a serious, time-consuming administrative task with considerable potential for errors and data gaps. Satellite EO data are readily available including for remote areas, are reproducible and are easy to update over time. This paper provides a proof-of-concept example of how such EO data can contribute to addressing this socio-economic dimension of the SDGs framework.
Does Energy Efficiency Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment Technology Spillovers? Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Chongqi
Published: January 2022

Given that energy is a significant input factor for modern economic growth, which has also brought the most severe negative externalities damage to the environment, improving energy efficiency is considered critical globally. As a large energy producer and consumer, China faces challenges from both the economy and the environment. This study used the generalized method of moments estimation techniques to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) technology spillovers on energy efficiency in a sample of manufacturing industries. A super-efficient data envelopment measure of energy efficiency is examined. The novelty of this study is that it analyzes both the quantitative and qualitative values of various spillover effects at the industry level. Using a panel data set on 26 manufacturing industries in Guangdong Province of China covering the period 2000–2018, the empirical results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between FDI competitive effects and energy efficiency. In contrast, this relationship is in the opposite position when demonstration effects of FDI technology spillovers occur. The results also show these effects have more impact to the low or middle energy consumption industries. The study provides a reference for the formulation of the FDI strategy and energy policy in the manufacturing sector.
System-Wide Seismic Risk Assessment of Port Facilities; Application to the Port of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Fotopoulou Stavroula , Karafagka Stella , Karatzetzou Anna , Pitilakis Kyriazis
Published: January 2022

Damages in port facilities during past seismic events have led to widespread direct and indirect losses, with serious impact on the economic, operational, and emergency management of the port itself and, as a consequence, on the related society. Ground shaking is among the most widespread sources of seismic damage to port structures and infrastructure, together with the induced phenomena principally associated with the liquefaction of loose, saturated soils that often prevail in coastal areas. This study presents a methodology for the seismic risk assessment of port facilities which considers the combined effects of ground shaking and liquefaction as well as various interdependencies among port elements, which affect the port’s operation and, consequently, the total risk impact. The methodology, based on either probabilistic or deterministic scenario-based approaches, is demonstrated through an application to the Thessaloniki port, one of the most important ports in Southeastern Europe and the largest transit-trade port in Greece. The systemic risk analysis of the port is carried out using as a performance indicator the reduction in the container and bulk cargo movements affected by the seismic performance of the piers, the waterfront, and container/cargo handling equipment, as well as their interaction with the seismic performance of the electric power system. Two different functionality analyses of the port system are performed, one basic and one less conservative alternative. The results of the probabilistic seismic risk assessment are illustrated in terms of annual probabilities of collapse and loss exceedance curves for each individual port component as well as normalized performance loss for the whole port system for the container and cargo terminal. For the scenario-based deterministic approach, the results are given in terms of risk maps presenting the spatial distribution of damages/losses for all components as well as in terms of the expected loss of performance of the port system. The proposed methodology may provide the basis for an efficient seismic risk management of ports. It may also be adjusted and applied to other port infrastructures in Greece and worldwide considering additional components, interactions among elements, and different earthquake induced hazards.
Spatiotemporal Statistical Imbalance: A Long-Term Neglected Defect in UN Comtrade Dataset
Authors: Hu Luoming , Song Changqing , Ye Sijing , Gao Peichao
Published: January 2022

The bilateral trade data provided by the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database are some of the most authoritative trade statistics and have been widely used in many research fields. Here, we propose a new form of inconsistency in its records, namely statistical imbalance, which refers to the phenomenon of inequality between the import or export trade value of a commodity category and the total value of all its subcategories. We investigated the frequency and spatial-temporal patterns of the statistical imbalances of 15 reporters (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, the Rep. of Korea, the Russian Federation, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, the United States of America, and Vietnam) from 1996–2016 and explored their distributional differences in commodity categories with a co-clustering algorithm. The results show that statistical imbalance is widespread with obvious clustering patterns. Trade records related to specific categories such as fossil fuels, pharmaceuticals, machinery, and unspecified commodity categories presented severe statistical imbalances, which may lead to erroneous trade research results. Since statistical imbalance is difficult to detect in studies focusing only on specific commodity categories, we suggested that researchers should prescreen the data for statistical imbalance to ensure the validity of their results.
Pre- and Post-Harvest Practices and Varietal Preferences of Tomato in Ghana
Authors: Melomey Leander D. , Ayenan Mathieu A. T. , Marechera George , Abu Pearl , Danquah Agyemang , Tarus David , Danquah Eric Y.
Published: January 2022

Tailored interventions in the tomato sector require current information on production and marketing systems along with the constraints faced by the stakeholders. We conducted this study to understand the current production practices, stakeholders’ varietal preferences, tomato market trends, and challenges along the crop’s value chains. A multistage sampling method coupled with a random walk was used to identify survey locations and identify 180 respondents across seven regions in Ghana. The study showed that tomato was predominantly produced by male (81%) and literate farmers (84%). Tomato farmers were smallholder farmers generally cultivating less than five acres. Tomato was mainly cultivated under rainfed conditions. Farmers used both bought seeds and their own saved seeds for production. Farmers in Bono, Greater Accra, and the Upper East region largely cultivated improved tomato varieties, while farmers in the Bono East region cultivated local varieties. Across the regions, being a male and having access to irrigation facilities increased the probability of using improved varieties by 19% and 51%, respectively. The most important farmer and market preference criteria included high yield, medium to large fruit size and rounded fruit shape, red color, time to maturity and disease resistance. The major production challenges of tomato production included diseases, pests, and poor access to water for irrigation. The average yield of tomato varied from 6902.26 kg/ha in the Bono Region to 16,213.98 kg/ha in Bono East. Tomato was exclusively produced for fresh market. The major marketing challenges were low producer prices, low demand for produce, and competition from other farmers. This study provides key information to improve tomato value chains and guide the introduction or breeding of improved tomato varieties.
Airspace Operation Effectiveness Evaluation Based on q-Rung Orthopair Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy GRA and TOPSIS
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Shen Di , Ren Yaojun , Yu Fuping , Yuan Xiujiu
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the ability of airspace management, a multi-attribute decision-making tool based on q-rung orthopair probability hesitant fuzzy GRA-TOPSIS is proposed to solve the problem of airspace operation effectiveness evaluation; this is in view of the fact that there are few airspace operation effectiveness evaluation methods in general aviation airports. Firstly, taking general aviation airports as the research object, a complete airspace operation effectiveness evaluation system is newly established, its evaluation indicators are introduced, and its multi-attribute decision-making ideas are explained. Then, based on the q-rung orthopair probability hesitant fuzzy set, a new distance measure and information aggregation operator are defined, which can better deal with symmetry information. Secondly, we build a deviation maximization model to calculate the attribute weights of indicator elements in the decision-making process. Then, we combine the GRA method and TOPSIS method to rank the airspace operation effectiveness evaluation schemes. Finally, combined with calculation examples and comparative analysis, the reliability and rationality of the method proposed in this paper are verified, and the symmetry relationship between the evaluation results and the actual situation is better reflected. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain more accurate airspace operation effectiveness evaluation results, and can provide reference for related research.
Spectrality of a Class of Self-Affine Measures with Prime Determinant
Authors: Yang Mingshu
Published: January 2022

We study the spectrality of a class of self-affine measures with prime determinant. Spectral measures are connected with fractal geometry that shows some kind of geometrical self-similarity under magnification. To make the self-affine measure becomes a spectral measure with lattice spectrum, we provide two new sufficient conditions related to the elements of digit set and zero set, respectively. The two sufficient conditions are more precise and easier to be verified as compared with the previous research. Moreover, these conditions offer a fresh perspective on a conjecture of Lagarias and Wang.
Low-Dose Electron Crystallography: Structure Solution and Refinement
Authors: Klein Holger , Kodjikian Stéphanie , Yörük Emre , Bordet Pierre
Published: January 2022

There is a wealth of materials that are beam sensitive and only exist in nanometric crystals, because the growth of bigger crystals is either impossible or so complicated that it is not reasonable to spend enough time and resources to grow big crystals before knowing their potential for research or applications. This difficulty is encountered in minerals, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks or molecular crystals, including pharmaceuticals and biological crystals. In order to study these crystals a structure determination method for beam sensitive crystals of nanometric size is needed. The nanometric size makes them destined for electron diffraction, since electrons interact much more strongly with matter than X-rays or neutrons. In addition, for the same amount of beam damage, electron diffraction yields more information than X-rays. The recently developed low-dose electron diffraction tomography (LD-EDT) not only combines the advantages inherent in electron diffraction, but is also optimized for minimizing the electron dose used for the data collection. The data quality is high, allowing not only the solution of complex unknown structures, but also their refinement taking into account the dynamical diffraction effects. Here we present several examples of crystals solved and refined by this method. The range of the crystals presented includes two synthetic oxides, Sr5CuGe9O24 and (Na2/3Mn1/3)3Ge5O12, a natural mineral (bulachite), and a metal organic framework (Mn-formiate). The dynamical refinement can be successfully performed on data sets that needed less than 0.1 e−/Å2 for the entire data set.
In Vitro Cyto- and Genotoxicity Assessment of Antibacterial Paints with Triclosan and Isoborneol
Authors: Querido Micaela , Rosário Fernanda , Bessa Maria , Mendes Francisca , Teixeira José , Teixeira João , Pereira Cristiana
Published: January 2022

Surfaces with antimicrobial properties are gaining notoriety as an efficient method to avoid surface contamination. Self-disinfecting paints are a promising strategy towards cleaner indoor environments by preventing the colonization of walls with microorganisms. However, its widespread use needs an appropriate toxicological safety evaluation due to the potential for biological disturbance associated to its biocidal activity. In this work, the cyto- and genotoxic assessment of two self-disinfecting paints containing the antimicrobial substances triclosan (TCS) and isoborneol (ISB) is performed. HaCaT and A549 cell lines models were selected for the in vitro assessment. To evaluate the cytotoxicity, tests by direct contact and on extracts obtained from leaching were performed following ISO 10993, whereas the genotoxicity was assessed by comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The results showed low levels of cyto- and genotoxicity under the models and conditions tested, indicating that these substances have commercial potential.
An Integrated Water Quality Model to Support Multiscale Decisions in a Highly Altered Catchment
Authors: Santos Santos Tania F. , Camacho Luis A.
Published: January 2022

Decision-making in highly altered catchments occurs at different temporal and spatial scales, requiring integration of various datasets and models. This paper introduces two of the components of an environmental multiscale decision support system (EMDSS) for highly altered catchments, designed to make decisions at different time scales. First, an integrated dynamic flow and water quality model is proposed to analyze the river system, including wastewater discharges and water intakes. This integrated model is capable of representing unsteady flow conditions, allowing analysis at different time scales. Second, three postprocessing tools are presented to support short- (hours to days), medium- (days to months), and long- (years to decades) term operational, management, and planning decisions. The water quality component of the model can represent conventional and toxic determinands to simultaneously analyze domestic and industrial pollution throughout a river system. The first postprocessing tool of the EMDSS is useful in defining concentration limits for wastewater discharges for different water users downstream. The second tool allows the assessment of river water quantity and quality to determine water availability for intake extensions and medium-term wastewater flow augmentation. The third makes it possible to simulate and perform effective operational reservoir releases to improve water quality in the river during short-term pollution incidents. The proposed integrated model and postprocessing tools are applied in the upper Bogotá River stretch in Colombia, one of the most altered catchments and polluted rivers in the world. The results obtained illustrate the utility of the proposed EMDSS for river management and decision making regarding water quality at different time scales.
Methods of hotel management in conditions of global economic instability
Authors: Podorueva M. S.
Published: January 2022

This article discusses topical issues regarding the peculiarities of the organization of the hotel business in modern conditions. The novelty and relevance of the topic is connected with the unstable situation in the hotel services market over the past two years, which leads to the need to search for new methods of managing hotel enterprises, the formation of new forms and types of services. The specifics of understanding the hospitality industry as a significant segment of the service sector are presented. The role of the hotel business in the country’s economy is determined. The analysis of the dynamics of income growth of enterprises is carried out. The key factors of influence on the analyzed type of activity are revealed. The basic principles and methods of hotel management in conditions of global instability are defined.
Halal Friendly standards implementation technology based on Russian hotel complexes
Authors: Kendzerskaya N. V.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the structural features of the implementation of measures for the certification of Russian hotel complexes according to the requirements and standards of the Halal Friendly program as a promising direction for the development of the domestic hotel industry.
Autour des Appii d’Asie : réseaux familiaux, ascension sociale, carrières et cités au cours du IIIe siècle
Authors: Christol Michel , Pont Anne-Valérie
Published: January 2022

La publication récente de documents et des rapprochements prosopographiques nouveaux sur la famille d’Appius Alexander, connu comme procurateur d’Asie puis gouverneur de Lyonnaise au milieu du IIIe siècle, permettent de réfléchir aux attaches familiales et aux étapes des carrières de tous les personnages qui sont à présent impliqués. Entre Afrique et Asie, une histoire des alliances matrimoniales, des patrimoines fonciers et enfin l’ascension dans la notabilité municipale et dans l’aristocratie impériale se dessinent sur plusieurs générations. On peut mettre en lumière des relations interprovinciales entre élites carthaginoises et éphésiennes et placer cette famille, qui inclut l’ancien préfet d’Égypte devenu correcteur d’Asie Appius Sabinus, parmi celles qui lui sont contemporaines en Asie. L’histoire administrative de l’empire romain en Asie au milieu du IIIe siècle est également précisée.
L’invention des armoiries en contexte. Haute aristocratie, identités familiales et culture chevaleresque entre France et Angleterre. 1100-1160
Authors: Nieus Jean-François
Published: January 2022

Faisant suite aux travaux de Michel Pastoureau sur les origines de l’héraldique, la présente étude propose une révision de la «phase d’apparition » des armoiries, principalement fondée sur un nouveau catalogue des plus anciens sceaux porteurs d’emblèmes héraldiques ou protohéraldiques (présenté en 1re partie). Les données nouvelles invitent tout d’abord (2e partie) à réaffirmer l’existence d’un berceau septentrional de l’héraldique, localisable dans l’est de la Picardie (à partir des années 1110), puis également dans le sud de l’Angleterre (après 1130). Ce sont quelques grandes familles aristocratiques de ces deux régions d’Occident, alliées entre elles, qui ont lancé la mode au sein de la haute noblesse. Il apparaît ensuite (3e partie) que, dès l’origine, les armoiries ont revêtu la signification familiale qui sera celle du système héraldique classique. Autour des premiers emblèmes se sont ainsi développés des «groupes héraldiques » dont le réexamen dévoile une conception très ouverte de la parenté, mêlant lignage et parage, agnats et cognats. L’étude confirme enfin (4e partie) que l’invention des armoiries n’est pas une réponse à de nouveaux besoins militaires, mais un corollaire de l’essor des tournois en France du nord et en Angleterre. Elle participe comme ce dernier de l’émergence de la culture chevaleresque après 1100, en y insufflant toutefois l’élitisme de la haute aristocratie de souche carolingienne, soucieuse de se démarquer du tout-venant de la chevalerie. Un descriptif détaillé de dix-sept sceaux armoriés antérieurs à 1150 est proposé en annexe.
La construction d’un ordre juridique de l’enseignement. La politique scolaire d’Alexandre III et sa réception jusqu’au concile de Latran IV
Authors: Kouamé Thierry
Published: January 2022

The pontificate of Alexander III constitutes a major turning point in the affirmation of a school policy of the Church. From the 12th century onwards, the cathedral chapters of Southern England and Northern France had gradually obtained recognition of school rights enjoyed by their schoolmasters. But the extension of these chapter prerogatives called into question the monopolies of many abbeys and collegiate churches, leading to the intervention of the Pope through the fight against school simony. Alexander III formalized the prohibition of this practice in a series of decretals systematized by the Third Lateran Council (1179). The canon
Un livret inédit sur saint Georges : une passion latine réécrite et son abrégé liturgique
Authors: Dolbeau François
Published: January 2022

Oxford, St. John’s College 120 — a manuscript written circa 1200— includes a booklet dedicated to saint George. It comprises a Passion in fifty chapters, a liturgical Legend in nine lessons and an Apology intending to justify, in spite of the

Decretum gelasianum condemnation, the most incredible miracles. Its layout, in particular the copy of the preface on the reverse of an additional leaf, implies that it was made under the author’s control. George’s Passion rewrites and expands a model composed in too simple and humble a style ; the liturgical Legend is made of extracts which remove the most extraordinary episodes, warranted all the same by the final Apology. Obviously, Passion and liturgical lessons were produced together, a fact confirmed by many other sources. Modern historians, therefore, are wrong when they focus on a narrative source and neglect its liturgical epitome, although both are often connected in their early manuscript tradition. The Oxford booklet is printed in extenso at the end of this paper.
Модель надежности системы управления подготовкой и пуском пусковых установок ракетных комплексов
Authors: Звершховский Игорь Всеволодович , Зирка Мария Васильевна , Петушков Владимир Валериевич , Кучинськая Оксана Борисовна
Published: January 2022

За попередніми результатами формування алгоритму блочного синтезу авторами проведений синтез систем типу систем управління підготовкою і пуском ПУ ракетного комплексу, але його результати потребують додаткового вирішення завдання попередньої оцінки надійності зазначеної системи. Суттєвість долі несправностей, що пов’язані з недоліками проєктування, вказує на те, що надійність повинна потенційно закладатися в проєкт будь-якої системи. Це в значній мірі стосується системи управління підготовкою і пуском, яка є частковим випадком складної системи. Тобто, синтез такого озброєння включає проведення комплексних наукових досліджень як з питань обґрунтування алгоритмів роботи пускового обладнання, систем управління та навігації саме ракет, так й питань їх надійності. В статті показаний приклад моделі оцінки надійності систем управління підготовкою і пуском ракетних комплексів.
Імітаційне математичне моделювання радіоелектронно-об’єктової обстановки для оцінювання якості вирішення задач системами моніторингу
Authors: Галкин Сергій Олександрович , Калюжний Микола Михайлович , Задонський Олександр Ілліч , Ковшар Валентин Олександрович
Published: January 2022

Розглянуті основні складові частини процесу імітаційного математичного моделювання радіоелектронно-об’єктової обстановки:– дані сценарію зміни радіоелектронно-об’єктової обстановки;– принципи моделювання окремих випромінювань радіоелектронних засобів та функціонування об’єктів, як сукупності радіоелектронних засобів;– принципи моделювання окремих засобів радіомоніторингу та системи моніторингу, як сукупності засобів радіомоніторингу, що функціонують для досягнення єдиної мети і за єдиним алгоритмом;– середовище обміну даними між імітаційними математичними моделями зазначених елементів.Показана можливість застосування розробленого науково-алгоритмічного апарата для оптимізації складу і налагодження алгоритмів роботи системи радіомоніторингу і її окремих складових.
До питання обгрунтування класифікаційних ознак ударних безпілотних авіаційних комплексів
Authors: Зірка Андрій Леонідович
Published: January 2022

У статті проведено аналіз застосованих на теперішній час розвідувально-ударних безпілотних авіаційних комплексів (БпАК) та таких, що знаходяться у розробці та є перспективними. Визначено основні класифікаційні ознаки розвідувально-ударних БпАК. Визначено основні тенденції розвитку ударних БпАК окремих класів. Встановлено, що за окремими специфічними ознаками розвідувально-ударні БпАК не підпадають під класифікацію, що прийнята у Збройних Силах України.Запропоновано введення додаткового класу (підкласу), з огляду на його перспективність та актуальність, для розвідувально-ударних комплексів у загальній класифікації БпАК.
The Correlation between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Disease Severity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Atabati Elham , Shariati Sarabi Zhaleh , Jokar Mohammad Hasan , Hashemzadeh Kamila , Mirfeizi Zahra
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a relatively common connective tissue disease, which is characterized by inflammation, progressive skin fibrosis, and injuries of small vessels, particularly in the lung and kidney. It seems that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) might contribute to the development of SSc as an extra-gastrointestinal autoimmune disease. We investigated the association between H. pylori infections and disease severity in patients with SSc. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Sampling method in this study was census method in such a way that all patients with SSc referred to Imam Reza Education and Research University Medical Center from May 2015 to August 2016 were included in the study. Finally, 74 patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were: 1. Definitive SSc based on American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism 2010 (ACR/EULAR) classification for scleroderma, which was diagnosed within the last two years. 2. Not taking any proton pump inhibitors. 3. Not taking any H. pylori treatment with a standard regimen within the recent 2 months. Disease severity was assessed and determined by two rheumatologists based on the Medsger’s Disease Severity Scale (MDSS). H. pylori stool antigen was evaluated based on the test which sensitivity and specificity was proven. All obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16 using Fisher’s exact test Spearman correlation test (RSpearman). RESULTS Forty one (55.4%) of the 74 patients had positive stool antigens. We found a significant positive association between the severity of disease based on MDSS and titer of H. pylori stool antigen (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reveals that H. pylori infection may play a significant role in the severity of organ involvement in SSc.
Liver Resection for Giant Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Tiwary Satyendra K , Shukla Priyesh , Verma Ashish , Khanna A K
Published: January 2022

Liver hemangiomas are common. Giant liver hemangiomas are rare and symptomatic patients require treatment. Surgery is the curative procedure. Other options such as intra-arterial embolization may be used to decrease the volume and bleeding of these lesions. Three cases of giant liver hemangioma were treated with liver resection, one with left lateral hepatectomy and two with right lateral hepatectomy. All patients had made an uneventful recovery with no recurrence at 3-year follow-up. Most hemangiomas are small, asymptomatic, and do not require any treatment. Liver resection is a safe and effective treatment for giant hemangiomas.