bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect induced “super mop” like behaviour of Eu3+-doped hierarchical Bi2SiO5nanoparticles for improved catalytic and adsorptive behaviour
Authors: Sarkar Debashrita , Ganguli Sagar , Praveen Athma E. , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: July 2020

Europium-doped Bi2SiO5nanoparticles as “super-mop”, material for faster adsorption and enhanced photocatalytic pollutant removal.
Enhanced charge separation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in carbonized-polymer-dot-coupled lead halide perovskites
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zeng Qingsen , Yu Yue , Feng Tanglue , Zhao Yajie , Wang Zidong , Li Yi , Liu Chongming , Liu Junjun , Wei Haotong , Zhu Shoujun , Kang Zhenhui , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai
Published: July 2020

This work demonstrates that carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) can efficiently promote the charge separation and photocatalytic performance of metal halide perovskites, highlighting their excellent charge-transfer ability and great potential in developing efficient perovskite-based hybrid photocatalysts.
Rare-earth-free magnetically hard ferrous materials
Authors: Shao Zefan , Ren Shenqiang
Published: July 2020

Iron-based rare-earth-free hard magnets achieved by the combination of iron and another element.
Encapsulation of oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivators: influence of physiological conditions on the stability of oxime-cucurbit[7]uril complexes
Authors: Andrýs Rudolf , Klusoňová Aneta , Lísa Miroslav , Žd'árová Karasová Jana
Published: July 2020

The influence of physiological conditions on the host–guest chemistry of oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivators with cucurbit[7]urile was investigated to increase their effectiveness for the treatment of organophosphate intoxication.
Electrospun polyamide/graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite nanofibers: an efficient sorbent for headspace solid phase microextraction of methamphetamine in urine samples followed by GC-MS analysis
Authors: Hajebi Nima , Seidi Shahram , Ramezani Majid , Manouchehri Mahshid
Published: July 2020

A novel polyamide/graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanofiber was fabricated with the aid of the electrospinning technique and applied in headspace solid phase microextraction.
A multifunctional skin-like wearable optical sensor based on an optical micro-/nanofibre
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhang Zhang , Jiang Chengpeng , Zhang Lei , Tong Limin
Published: July 2020

Multifunctional skin-like sensors play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics.
Correction: Optimization of hydrophobic nanoparticles to better target lipid rafts with molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lin Xiaoqian , Lin Xubo , Gu Ning
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Optimization of hydrophobic nanoparticles to better target lipid rafts with molecular dynamics simulations’ by Xiaoqian Lin et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 4101–4109, DOI: 10.1039/C9NR09226A.
The effect of solvation in torquoselectivity: ring opening of monosubstituted cyclobutenes
Authors: Saadat Kayvan , Villar López Roberto , Shiri Ali , Nieto Faza Olalla , Silva López Carlos
Published: July 2020

The paradigmatic electrocyclic ring opening of monosubstituted cyclobutenes has been used to diagnose possible solvation effects tuning the torquoselectivity observed in these reactions.
Supramolecular self-assembly of chiral helical tubular polymers with amplified circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Tang Xianhui , Chu Dandan , Jiang Hong , Gong Wei , Jiang Chao , Cui Yong , Liu Yan
Published: July 2020

Two chiral tubular supramolecular polymers with amplified CPL that can be rationalized by single-crystal X-ray structures are demonstrated.
Synthesis of [60]fullerene-fused dihydrobenzooxazepinesviathe palladium-catalyzed oxime-directed C–H bond activation and subsequent electrochemical functionalization
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Zhan , Yin Zheng-Chun , Wang Guan-Wu
Published: July 2020

The palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation of [60]fullerene with oximes affords the unprecedented seven-membered [60]fullerene-fused dihydrobenzooxazepines, which can be further derivatized electrochemically.
A simple fluorescence assay for trypsin through a protamine-induced carbon quantum dot-quenching aggregation platform
Authors: Chen Yiping , Lin Zuan , Miao Chenfang , Cai Qianqian , Li Fenglan , Zheng Zongfu , Lin Xinhua , Zheng Yanjie , Weng Shaohuang
Published: July 2020

In this work, a simple melting method was developed for carbon quantum dot fabrication to integrate with protamine as an effective signal-on fluorescence strategy for trypsin detection.
Solid state interdigitated Sb2S3 based TiO2 nanotube solar cells
Authors: Büttner Pascal , Döhler Dirk , Korenko Sofia , Möhrlein Sebastian , Bochmann Sebastian , Vogel Nicolas , Mínguez-Bacho Ignacio , Bachmann Julien
Published: July 2020

TiO2 nanotubes generated by anodization of metallic titanium sputter-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates are used as a conductive scaffold for all-solid-state Sb2S3-sensitized extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells.
Matrix solid-phase dispersion as a greener alternative to obtain bioactive extracts from Haematococcus pluvialis. Characterization by UHPLC-QToF
Authors: Castillo Aly , Pereira Simón , Otero Ana , Fiol Sarah , Garcia-Jares Carmen , Lores Marta
Published: July 2020

Untargeted characterization and alternative extraction of carotenoids, fatty acids, and new bioactive compounds from microalga Haematococcus pluvialis using GRAS solvents.
Genetic control of violacein biosynthesis to enable a pigment-based whole-cell lead biosensor
Authors: Hui Chang-ye , Guo Yan , Liu Lisa , Zhang Nai-xing , Gao Chao-xian , Yang Xue-qin , Yi Juan
Published: July 2020

Genetically controlled violacein biosynthesis can enable a sensitive, visual, and qualitative biosensor for monitoring the presence of bioavailable lead.
Spatiotemporally controlled O2 and singlet oxygen self-sufficient nanophotosensitizers enable the in vivo high-yield synthesis of drugs and efficient hypoxic tumor therapy
Authors: He Suisui , Lu Siyu , Liu Sha , Li Tianrong , Li Jieling , Sun Shihao , Liu Meilin , Liang Kun , Fu Xu , Chen Fengjuan , Meng Genping , Zhang Lang , Hai Jun , Wang Baodui
Published: July 2020

A porous photosensitizer displaying catalase-like activity and drug synthesis ability was synthesized for the synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy, opening new promising ways for carrying out the precise cooperative treatment of hypoxic tumors.
Palladium catalyzed carbonylative generation of potent, pyridine-based acylating electrophiles for the functionalization of arenes to ketones
Authors: Liu Yi , Kaiser Angela M. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: July 2020

A palladium catalyzed approach to the overall carbonylative functionalization of arenes to form ketones with aryl- and vinyl-triflates is described.
Nano-to-meso structure of cellulose nanocrystal phases in ethylene–glycol–water mixtures
Authors: Attia David , Cohen Neta , Ochbaum Guy , Levi-Kalisman Yael , Bitton Ronit , Yerushalmi-Rozen Rachel
Published: July 2020

Vicinal water delays kinetic arrest and enables the assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into chiral nematic phases in a binary liquid mixture of EG–water.
Biocompatible polypeptide-based interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: O’Brien Shona , Brannigan Ruairí P. , Ibanez Rita , Wu Bing , O’Dwyer Joanne , O’Brien Fergal J. , Cryan Sally-Ann , Heise Andreas
Published: July 2020

Herein, we present the synthesis of novel synthetic polypeptide-based interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties, and biocompatability.
Adenylate control in cAMP signaling: implications for adaptation in signalosomes
Authors: Tulsian Nikhil K. , Ghode Abhijeet , Anand Ganesh S.
Published: July 2020

In cAMP-Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling, A-kinase anchoring protein scaffolds assemble PKA in close proximity to phosphodiesterases (PDE), kinase-substrates to form signaling islands or ‘signalosomes’. In its basal state, inactive PKA holoenzyme (R2:C2) is activated by binding of cAMP to regulatory (R)-subunits leading to dissociation of active catalytic (C)-subunits. PDEs hydrolyze cAMP-bound to the R-subunits to generate 5′-AMP for termination and resetting the cAMP signaling. Mechanistic basis for cAMP signaling has been derived primarily by focusing on the proteins in isolation. Here, we set out to simulate cAMP signaling activation-termination cycles in a signalosome-like environment with PDEs and PKA subunits in close proximity to each other. Using a combination of fluorescence polarization and amide hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry with regulatory (RIα), C-subunit (Cα) and PDE8 catalytic domain, we have tracked movement of cAMP through activation-termination cycles. cAMP signaling operates as a continuum of four phases: (1) Activation and dissociation of PKA into R- and C-subunits by cAMP and facilitated by substrate (2) PDE recruitment to R-subunits (3) Hydrolysis of cAMP to 5′-AMP (4) Reassociation of C-subunit to 5′-AMP-bound-RIα in the presence of excess ATP to reset cAMP signaling to form the inactive PKA holoenzyme. Our results demonstrate that 5′-AMP is not merely a passive hydrolysis end-product of PDE action. A ‘ligand-free’ state R subunit does not exist in signalosomes as previously assumed. Instead the R-subunit toggles between cAMP- or 5′-AMP bound forms. This highlights, for the first time, the importance of 5′-AMP in promoting adaptation and uncovers adenylate control in cAMP signaling.
Resisting resistance: new applications for molecular diagnostics in crop protection
Authors: Edwards Robert , Onkokesung Nawaporn
Published: July 2020

While there is universal recognition of the dangers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health, far less attention has been directed towards the steady growth of resistance to the pesticides and herbicides that safeguard global food security. As a major constraint on crop productivity, weed competition causes greater losses than invertebrate pests and fungal pathogens combined, with the development of herbicide resistance now a primary agronomic threat to arable agriculture and horticulture. Here in the UK, our dominant crop, winter wheat, is now subject to annual losses of 1 million tons of grain equating to an estimated £0.5 billion, primarily due to the mass evolution of herbicide resistance in the highly competitive weed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides). Informed by strategies being developed in healthcare to combat AMR through its rapid identification, we now look to new tools to combat herbicide and pesticide resistance informed by molecular diagnostics.
Effects of environmental feature selection on end‐to‐end vehicle steering controller
Authors: Liu Dongjie , Zhao Jin , Cao Zhuo , Huang Xinnian , Xi Axing
Published: July 2020

The method of deep learning has been widely used for end‐to‐end vehicle controllers' training because of its approximately non‐linear functions. However, the convolutional neural network (CNN) training process requires a large amount of labelled data sets and takes a lot of time. Aiming at this problem, three experimental frameworks are designed to study the influence of single features on end‐to‐end controller in the simple and complex environments. The performance of controllers trained with different features is analysed, and the criteria of feature selection are given to reduce calculation cost. Firstly, two types of images with different environmental complexities are collected and pre‐processed into three types of missing feature sets (data sets for sky, roadside, and road features are discarded, respectively). Then, based on the NVIDIA network model, the feasibility and road verification of the three frameworks designed are carried out. The experimental results show that: (i) Road features are indispensable to the training controller in simple or complex environments; (ii) roadside features help to improve the generalisation of the controller; (iii) sky features play a limited role in training vehicle steering controllers.
Visual saliency mechanism‐based object recognition with high‐resolution remote‐sensing images
Authors: He Lin , Li Chen
Published: July 2020

Object recognition with remote‐sensing image is widely used in many areas. Some objects are smaller and denser in the high‐resolution images, such as the oil tank, ship, and aircraft. The recognition of this kind of objects is more difficult than the objects with low‐resolution images, for example, bridges and airports. The recognition performance is more dependent on the shallower features. The contour of these objects is obvious, and the characteristics are quite different from background, which satisfies the human visual saliency mechanism. Here, the authors propose a novel theme of object recognition method based on visual saliency mechanism for remote‐sensing images with sub‐meter resolution. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs best compared with other algorithm.
Graph embedded incomplete multi‐view clustering method with proximity relation estimation
Authors: Chen Runze , Wen Jie , Chen Xiaoyue , Xu Yong
Published: July 2020

More and more importance has been attached to multi‐view clustering due to its outstanding performance against single‐view clustering. Existing studies are on the basis of the assumption that every sample exists in all views. However, in reality, this is often not the case and the real data are always with incomplete views, which lead to the failure of the conventional methods. To address the issue, the authors present a novel method, referred to as incomplete multi‐view spectral clustering with proximity relation estimation (IMSC_PRE), which exploits the proximity relations of samples in different views to complete their affinity graphs. Different from existing methods, IMSC_PRE fully excavates the manifold structures of all views to estimate the proximity relations of missing samples in each view, which presents a brand‐new strategy to exploit the proximity information lying in the whole samples with good interpretation. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Semi‐supervised long short‐term memory for human action recognition
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Chang , Ding Runwei
Published: July 2020

In real human action recognition task, it is a common phenomenon that there are many unlabelled samples and few labelled samples. How to make good use of unlabelled samples to improve the generalisation ability of models is the focus of semi‐supervised learning research. In this study, the authors present two semi‐supervised methods based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) to learn discriminative hidden features. One is the LSTM ladder network, the other is the Symmetrical LSTM network. By them unlabelled samples can be used automatically to improve learning performance without relying on external interaction. Both on the NTU‐RGB + D dataset and the Kinetics dataset, their methods achieve >10 and 5% improvements, separately.
Research on integrated computer game algorithm for dots and boxes
Authors: Li Shuqin , Zhang Yipeng , Ding Meng , Dai Pengcheng
Published: July 2020

Situation assessment and search are two key problems in computer game research. In general, as the game progresses, the difficulty of evaluating the situation of the game is significantly reduced, and the accuracy of the evaluation is significantly increased. Based on the famous chess game, this article proposes and implements a new scheme that combines the Monte Carlo tree search algorithm, the Alpha‐Beta algorithm and the model based on the deep convolution neural network (CNN) to solve the computer game problem. This article first proposes a deep convolutional neural network model based on dots and boxes, including deep value network and deep strategy network, focusing on situation assessment and strategy recommendation, respectively. Then, using the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm as a framework, deep value network integrated MCTS algorithm and deep strategy network integrated MCTS algorithm are proposed. In both integrated models, Alpha‐Beta complete search is used to truncate the Monte Carlo simulation process and improve simulation efficiency. Through competition with human players, the results show that the two integrated algorithm game systems have reached much higher intelligence level than ordinary humans in solving the problem of dots and boxes.
VR‐based dataset for autonomous‐driving system
Authors: Yao Shouwen , Zhang Jiahao , Wang Yu
Published: July 2020

At present, visual recognition systems have acquired wide employment in the autonomous‐driving area. The lack of fully featured benchmarks that mimic scenarios faced by autonomous‐driving system is the core factor limiting the visual understanding of complex urban traffic scenes. However, to establish a dataset adequately captures the complexity of real‐world urban traffics consuming time and effort. In order to solve these difficulties, authors involve virtual reality to develop a large‐scale dataset, which trains and tests approaches for autonomous‐driving vehicles. Using the label of the object in virtual scenes, the coordinate transformation of a 3D object to a 2D plane is calculated, which makes the label of the pixel block corresponding to the object in the 2D plane accessible. Their recording platform is equipped with video camera models, LiDAR model and positioning system. By using the pilot‐in‐the‐loop method with driving simulator hardware and VR devices, the authors acquire and establish a large, diverse dataset comprising stereo video sequences recorded in streets and mountain roads from several different environments. Their pioneering method of using VR technology significantly mitigates the costs of acquisition of training data. Crucially, their effort exceeds previous attempts in terms of dataset size, scene variability and complexity.
EXplainable AI (XAI) approach to image captioning
Authors: Han Seung‐Ho , Kwon Min‐Su , Choi Ho‐Jin
Published: July 2020

This article presents an eXplainable AI (XAI) approach to image captioning. Recently, deep learning techniques have been intensively used to this task with relatively good performance. Due to the ‘black‐box’ paradigm of deep learning, however, existing approaches are unable to provide clues to explain the reasons why specific words have been selected when generating captions for given images, hence leading to generate absurd captions occasionally. To overcome this problem, this article proposes an explainable image captioning model, which provides a visual link between the region of an object (or a concept) in the given image and the particular word (or phrase) in the generated sentence. The model has been evaluated with two datasets, MSCOCO and Flickr30K, and both quantitative and qualitative results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Deep learning‐based household electric energy consumption forecasting
Authors: Hyeon Jonghwan , Lee HyeYoung , Ko Bowon , Choi Ho‐Jin
Published: July 2020

With the advent of various electronic products, the household electric energy consumption is continuously increasing, and therefore it becomes very important to predict the household electric energy consumption accurately. Energy prediction models also have been developed for decades with advanced machine learning technologies. Meanwhile, the deep learning models are still actively under study, and many newer models show the state‐of‐the‐art performance. Therefore, it would be meaningful to conduct the same experiment with these new models. Here, the authors predict the household electric energy consumption using deep learning models, known to be suitable for dealing with time‐series data. Specifically, vanilla long short‐term memory (LSTM), sequence to sequence, and sequence to sequence with attention mechanism are used to predict the electric energy consumption in the household. As a result, the vanilla LSTM shows the best performance on the root‐mean‐square error metric. However, from a graphical point of view, it seems that the sequence‐to‐sequence model predicts the energy consumption patterns best and the vanilla LSTM does not follow the pattern well. Also, to achieve the best performance of each deep learning model, vanilla LSTM, sequence to sequence, and sequence to sequence with attention mechanism should observe past 72, 72, and 24 h, respectively.
Convergence rate estimates for the low Mach and Alfvén number three-scale singular limit of compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Cheng Bin , Ju Qiangchang , Schochet Steve
Published: July 2020

Convergence rate estimates are obtained for singular limits of the compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations, in which the Mach and Alfvén numbers tend to zero at different rates. The proofs use a detailed analysis of exact and approximate fast, intermediate, and slow modes together with improved estimates for the solutions and their time derivatives, and the time-integration method. When the small parameters are related by a power law the convergence rates are positive powers of the Mach number, with the power varying depending on the component and the norm. Exceptionally, the convergence rate for two components involve the ratio of the two parameters, and that rate is proven to be sharp via corrector terms. Moreover, the convergence rates for the case of a power-law relation between the small parameters tend to the two-scale convergence rate as the power tends to one. These results demonstrate that the issue of convergence rates for three-scale singular limits, which was not addressed in the authors’ previous paper, is much more complicated than for the classical two-scale singular limits.
Effects of filtration process on the minor constituents and oxidative stability of virgin olive oil during 24 months storage time
Authors: Ghanbari Shendi Esmaeil , Sivri Ozay Dilek , Ozkaya Mucahit Taha
Published: July 2020

In this study, effects of filtration and storage time on the chemical composition and sensory profile of the virgin olive oil extracted from a local olive cultivar known as Saurani grown in Hatay province of Turkey were determined. Before storing both filtered (F) and unfiltered (UF) samples were categorized as virgin olive oil (VOO) according to the International Olive Council (IOC) standards. The main characteristics of Saurani olive oils were: a mid-oleic acid (69.3%), low linoleic acid (7.7%) and high linolenic (0.85%) acid contents with high total phenolic content (522.34 ppm as gallic acid). Monitoring of stored samples for 24 months revealed significant differences between F and UF olive oils in terms of free acidity and peroxide values, and filtered oils appeared to be better protected against hydrolysis and oxidative deterioration. Free fatty acidity of F and UF olive oil samples which were initially 0.4% and reached to 0.9% after 23 and 11 months’ storage respectively. Peroxide values of the F and UF olive oil samples were exceeded the limit of IOC standard (20 mEq oxygen/kg oil) after ten and three months, respectively. Total phenol contents were higher in UF samples and their contents decreased with storing. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and tyrosol contents of both F and UF samples reached maximum values in the ninth month of storage. It seemed filtration had no detectable effect on tocopherols contents and about 50% of α-tocopherol destroyed after 24 months’ storage.
Endogenous NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 Regulates Energy Homeostasis Under Physiological Conditions in Male Rats
Authors: Wilz Anna-Maria , Wernecke Kerstin , Appel Lena , Kahrs Johanna , Dore Riccardo , Jöhren Olaf , Lehnert Hendrik , Schulz Carla
Published: July 2020

Nesfatin-1 is the proteolytic cleavage product of Nucleobindin 2, which is expressed both in a number of brain nuclei (e. g., the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) and peripheral tissues. While Nucleobindin 2 acts as a calcium binding protein, nesfatin-1 was shown to affect energy homeostasis upon central nervous administration by decreasing food intake and increasing thermogenesis. In turn, Nucleobindin 2 mRNA expression is downregulated in starvation and upregulated in the satiated state. Still, knowledge about the physiological role of endogenous Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1 in the control of energy homeostasis is limited and since its receptor has not yet been identified, rendering pharmacological blockade impossible. To overcome this obstacle, we tested and successfully established an antibody-based experimental model to antagonize the action of nesfatin-1. This model was then employed to investigate the physiological role of endogenous Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1. To this end, we applied nesfatin-1 antibody into the paraventricular nucleus of satiated rats to antagonize the presumably high endogenous Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1 levels in this feeding condition. In these animals, nesfatin-1 antibody administration led to a significant decrease in thermogenesis, demonstrating the important role of endogenous Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1in the regulation of energy expenditure. Additionally, food and water intake were significantly increased, confirming and complementing previous findings. Moreover, neuropeptide Y was identified as a major downstream target of endogenous Nucleobindin 2/nesfatin-1.
Amniotic-Umbilical-to-Cerebral Ratio – A Novel Ratio Combining Doppler Parameters and Amniotic Fluid Volume to Predict Adverse Perinatal Outcome in SGA Fetuses At Term
Authors: Stumpfe Florian Matthias , Faschingbauer Florian , Kehl Sven , Pretscher Jutta , Emons Julius , Gass Paul , Mayr Andreas , Schmid Matthias , Beckmann Matthias Wilhelm , Stelzl Patrick
Published: July 2020

Purpose Introduction of a novel ratio – the amniotic-umbilical-to-cerebral ratio (AUCR) – to predict adverse perinatal outcome in SGA fetuses at term and comparison of its predictive accuracy with established parameters.

Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 165 singleton pregnancies with SGA fetuses (birth weight < 10th percentile) at term. Cases with planned vaginal delivery and documented pulsatility indices (PI) of the umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and single deepest pocket (SDP) were included. CPR was calculated as the ratio between MCA PI and UA PI, UCR as the ratio between UA PI and MCA PI. AUCR was defined as follows: SDP/(UA PI/MCA PI). Adverse perinatal outcomes were defined as operative intervention (OI), OI due to fetal distress, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO). Associations between Doppler parameters and these outcomes were estimated using regression analyses.

Results OI was statistically significantly associated with UCR, SDP, and AUCR, whereas no association was observed for UA PI, MCA PI, and CPR. Fetuses requiring OI due to fetal distress revealed a significantly higher UA PI and UCR as well as a lower MCA PI, CPR, and AUCR. With regard to NICU admission and CAPO, a significantly higher UA PI and lower CPR were found. Furthermore, a significant association was shown for SDP, UCR, and AUCR. AUCR achieved the best area under the curve for all outcome parameters.

Conclusion AUCR leads to an improvement in the prediction of unfavorable outcome in SGA fetuses at term. Furthermore, results of our study show that UCR might be superior to CPR.
Evaluating the Implementation of Injury Prevention Strategies in
Rugby Union and League: A Systematic Review using the RE-AIM
Framework
Authors: Barden Craig , Bekker Sheree , Brown James Craig , Stokes Keith A , McKay Carly D.
Published: July 2020

Rugby (union and league) has come under intense scrutiny due to its injury risk.
Various interventions have been introduced to protect players from injury, with
many deemed efficacious and advocated for use across various worldwide contexts.
However, their implementation is less clear. The objective of this systematic
review was to determine whether injury prevention interventions in rugby have
evaluated their ‘reach’,
‘effectiveness’, ‘adoption’,
‘implementation’ and
‘maintenance’ as per the RE-AIM Multi-Dimension Item
Checklist. Six electronic databases were searched in November 2019. Inclusion
criteria included: English language, peer-reviewed journal article, original
research, field-based rugby code, prospective intervention. Of the 4253 studies
identified, 74 met the full inclusion criteria. Protective equipment,
predominately mouthguards, was the intervention of interest in 44 studies. Other
interventions included multimodal national injury prevention programmes, law
changes and neuromuscular training programmes. ‘Effectiveness’
was the highest scoring RE-AIM dimension (55%), followed by
‘reach’ (26%). All other RE-AIM dimensions scored below
20%. Research currently focuses on determining intervention
‘effectiveness’. For injury prevention strategies to have their
desired impact, there must be a shift to address all determinants associated
with implementation. Consideration should be given to how this can be achieved
by adopting specific reporting checklists, research frameworks and study
designs.
Neonatal Morbidity of Monoamniotic Twin Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Buca Danilo , Di Mascio Daniele , Khalil Asma , Acharya Ganesh , Van Mieghem Tim , Hack Karien , Murata Masaharu , Anselem Olivia , D'Amico Alice , Muzii Ludovico , Liberati Marco , Nappi Luigi , D'Antonio Francesco
Published: July 2020

Objective This study was aimed to report the incidence of neonatal morbidity in monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancies according to gestational age at birth and type of management adopted (inpatient or outpatient).

Study Design Medline and Embase databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were nonanomalous MCMA twins. The primary outcome was a composite score of neonatal morbidity, defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following outcomes: respiratory morbidity, overall neurological morbidity, severe neurological morbidity, and infectious morbidity, necrotizing enterocolitis at different gestational age windows (24–30, 31–32, 33–34, and 35–36 weeks). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Subanalysis according to the type of surveillance strategy (inpatient compared with outpatient) was also performed. Random effect meta-analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results A total of 14 studies including 685 MCMA twin pregnancies without fetal anomalies were included. At 24 to 30, 31 to 32, 33 to 34, and 35 to 36 weeks of gestation, the rate of composite morbidity was 75.4, 65.5, 37.6, and 18.5%, respectively, the rate of respiratory morbidity was 74.2, 59.1, 35.5, and 12.2%, respectively, while overall neurological morbidity occurred in 15.3, 10.2, 4.3, and 0% of the cases, respectively. Infectious morbidity complicated 13, 4.2, 3.1, and 0% of newborns while 92.1, 81.6, 58.7, and 0% of cases required admission to NICU. Morbidity in pregnancies delivered between 35 and 36 weeks of gestation was affected by the very small sample size of cases included. When comparing the occurrence of overall morbidity according to the type of management (inpatient or outpatient), there was no difference between the two surveillance strategies (p = 0.114).

Conclusion MCMA pregnancies are at high risk of composite neonatal morbidity, mainly respiratory morbidity that gradually decreases with increasing gestational age at delivery with a significant reduction for pregnancies delivered between 33 and 34 weeks. We found no difference in the occurrence of neonatal morbidity between pregnancies managed as inpatient or outpatient.

Key Points
Influence of temperature on growth of graphene on germanium
Authors: Becker Andreas , Wenger Christian , Dabrowski Jarek
Published: July 2020

Growth of high-quality graphene on germanium is to date only reported at growth temperatures near the substrate melting point. Direct integration of graphene growth into technological processes would, however, require a significantly lower growth temperature. Accordingly, we investigated the influence of growth temperature on the quality of graphene on Ge(001), Ge(110), and Ge(111). We found that increased defect density as indicated by Raman spectroscopy correlates with topographically protruding carbon defect clusters as indicated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The Raman quality of graphene on Ge(001) and Ge(110) grown at 850 °C is clearly limited by defects within the relatively large grains and not by grain boundaries, whereas the quality of graphene on Ge(111) additionally suffers from small grain size. We explain the decreased graphene quality by too weak substrate-mediated etching of defective carbon structures. Finally, we discuss potential ways to increase the rate of carbon etching.
Improved performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells via 3× three-step boron-doping
Authors: Li Zhenfei , Zhang Liping , Wu Zhuopeng , Liu Wenzhu , Chen Renfang , Meng Fanying , Liu Zhengxin
Published: July 2020

To improve the doping efficiency of boron (B)-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon [a-Si:H(p)] films, a three-step post-B-doping method was developed. This post-treatment method presents the potential to enhance not only the B content but also the hydrogen content in a-Si:H(p) films by increasing the number of treatment times. Based on secondary ion mass spectroscopy and dark conductivity measurements, the B concentration and efficiency of B-doping in a-Si:H(p) films were effectively improved by the three-step B-doping treatment. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the atomic hydrogen generated during the B-doping process could diffuse into the a-Si:H(p) film and the underlying a-Si:H(i) layers, which is beneficial for suppressing the carrier recombination in the a-Si:H(p/i) passivation layers. There was an absolute increase of 600 μs in the effective minority carrier lifetime in the standard a-Si:H(n)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(n)/a-Si:H(i)/a-Si:H(p) structure by the 3× three-step treatment on the emitter side. Consequently, enhancements in both the open circuit voltage and the fill factor were observed, resulting in a 0.28% absolute gain (approximately) in the conversion efficiency of silicon heterojunction cells.
Black phosphorus photonics toward on-chip applications
Authors: Huang Li , Ang Kah-Wee
Published: July 2020

Unceasing efforts have been devoted to photonics based on black phosphorus ever since it came under the spotlight of two-dimensional materials research six years ago. The direct bandgap of black phosphorus is tunable by layer number, vertical electric field, and chemical doping, covering a broad spectrum for efficient light manipulation. The optical anisotropy further enables the identification and control of light polarization. Along with high carrier mobility, nonlinear optical properties, and integration capability due to its layered lattice structure, black phosphorus manifests itself as a promising multipurpose material for chip-scale optoelectronics. In this manuscript, we review the research on black phosphorus photonics, with a focus on the most fundamental active functions in photonic circuits: photodetection, electro-optic modulation, light emission, and laser pulse generation, aiming at evaluating the feasibility of integrating these black phosphorus-based components as a compact system for on-chip applications.
Addressing the sensitivity of signals from solid/liquid ambient pressure XPS (APXPS) measurement
Authors: Qian Jin , Baskin Artem , Liu Zhi , Prendergast David , Crumlin Ethan J.
Published: July 2020

Ambient pressure XPS has demonstrated its great potential in probing the solid/liquid interface, which is a central piece in electrocatalytic, corrosion, and energy storage systems. Despite the advantage of ambient pressure XPS being a surface sensitive characterization technique, the ability of differentiating the surface adsorbed species (∼Å scale) and bulk electrolyte (∼10 nm scale) in the spectrum depends on the delicate balance between bulk solution concentration (C), surface coverage (θ), bulk liquid layer thickness (L), and inelastic mean free path (λ) as a function of photon energy. By investigating a model system of gold dissolving in a bromide solution, the connection between theoretical prediction at the atomic resolution and macroscopic observable spectrum is established.
Revisiting particle dynamics in HiPIMS discharges. I. General effects
Authors: Hnilica Jaroslav , Klein Peter , Vašina Petr , Snyders Rony , Britun Nikolay
Published: July 2020

A detailed experimental study of high power impulse magnetron sputtering processes is performed by time-resolved imaging of the ground state sputtered particles. New details related to the behavior of both neutral and singly ionized atoms are shown, as a result of separate treatment of the plasma-on and plasma-off time phases. In Paper I, the ion/neutral density redistribution in the ionization zone during sputtering is analyzed; the role of main discharge parameters, such as pulse repetition rate, pulse energy, etc., is discussed systematically. The time-resolved evolution of the ground state levels population for both sputtered neutrals and ions is also considered. In addition, propagation of the sputtered particles is analyzed using 2D density gradient diagrams calculated based on the measured particle density distributions. The results of this work are compared, when possible, to the data obtained previously [Britun et al., J. Appl. Phys. 117, 163302 (2015)].
A horizontal-type scanning near-field optical microscope with torsional mode operation toward high-resolution and non-destructive imaging of soft materials
Authors: Yu Jia-Ru , Chou He-Chun , Yang Chih-Wen , Liao Wei-Ssu , Hwang Ing-Shouh , Chen Chi
Published: July 2020

We design and build a horizontal-type aperture based scanning near-field optical microscope (a-SNOM) with superior mechanical stability toward high-resolution and non-destructive topographic and optical imaging. We adopt the torsional mode in AFM (atomic force microscopy) operation to achieve a better force sensitivity and a higher topographic resolution when using pyramidal a-SNOM tips. The performance and stability of the AFM are evaluated through single-walled carbon nanotube and poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) nanowire samples. An optical resolution of 93 nm is deduced from the a-SNOM imaging of a metallic grating. Finally, a-SNOM fluorescence imaging of soft lipid domains is successfully achieved without sample damage by our horizontal-type a-SNOM instrument with torsional mode AFM operation.
Spall and subsequent recompaction of copper under shock loading
Authors: Hawkins M. C. , Thomas S. A. , Fensin S. J. , Jones D. R. , Hixson R. S.
Published: July 2020

Research was undertaken to study spall and subsequent recompaction of oxygen-free high-thermal-conductivity copper using a single-stage large-bore light gas gun capable of planar impacts. Gun experiments were conducted that produced an initial spall in the target with a subsequent recompaction of the spall damage/layer by the use of layered impactors. Symmetric spall experiments at similar conditions were also conducted as a control to the recompaction experiments. Photonic Doppler velocimetry was used to obtain the velocity history of the target's back surface; these velocity histories were analyzed, and the results were compared to numerical simulations. After recovery of selected samples, the microstructure was analyzed using optical imaging microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Recompaction waves were clearly observed in the time-resolved data obtained at the back surface of the targets. Two different series of experiments were performed to understand the effect of damage morphology on the stress required for spall recompaction. In the initial series, the peak pressure of the first shock was systematically increased to alter the amount of damage in the material. While in the second series, the peak pressure of the second shock was increased, keeping the magnitude of the first shock relatively constant to understand the effect of peak stress on the recompaction process. Findings clearly show that recompaction results in a perturbed band of the microstructure at the location of the expected spall plane in all cases except where the peak stress of the second shock is lower than the critical value.
Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance measurements of camel-shaped static capacitance and slow dynamics of electric double layer structure at the ionic liquid/electrode interface
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Nishi Naoya , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) is applied to evaluate the relative static differential capacitance at the interface between 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic liquid (IL) and a gold electrode, based on the relationship between the SPR angle and surface charge density on the electrode. Potential-step and potential-scan ESPR measurements are used to probe the dynamics of the electric double layer (EDL) structure that exhibit anomalously slow and asymmetrical characteristics depending on the direction of potential perturbation. EDL dynamics respond at least 30 times more slowly to changes of potential in the positive direction than in the negative direction. ESPR experiments with the positive-going potential scan are significantly affected by the slow dynamics even at a slow scan. The surface charge density that reflects the relative static capacitance is obtained from the negative-going potential scans. The evaluated quasi-static differential capacitance exhibits a camel-shaped potential dependence, thereby agreeing with the prediction of the mean-field lattice gas model of the EDL in ILs. ESPR is shown to be an effective experimental method for determining relative values of the static differential capacitance.
Active bidirectionally controlled terahertz interference fringe shift in DMSO-doped PEDOT:PSS film
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Liu Bin , Liu Dandan , Xiong Luyao , Shen Jingling , Zhang Bo
Published: July 2020

An active bidirectionally controlled terahertz interference fringe shift in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film structure was investigated. An interference phenomenon that occurred as a result of wavefront segmentation in a THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system was observed. This THz interference fringe spectrum can be modulated bidirectionally through application of a bias voltage and laser irradiation in terms of its both THz amplitude and interference fringe peaks. The refractive index of the film has an effect on the frequency domain and causes both optical path enhancement and a change in the interference period. THz interference fringes with an electrically induced blueshift and with a photo-induced redshift were acquired.
Simulations of electrolyte between charged metal surfaces
Authors: Malossi Rodrigo Mór , Girotto Matheus , dos Santos Alexandre P. , Levin Yan
Published: July 2020

We present a new method for simulating ungrounded charged metal slabs inside an electrolyte solution. The ions are free to move between the interior and exterior regions of the slab–electrolyte system. This leads to polarization of both sides of each slab, with a distinct surface charge induced on each surface. Our simulation method is based on the exact solution of the Poisson equation using periodic Green functions. To efficiently perform the calculations, we decouple the electrostatic energy due to surface polarization from that of purely Coulomb interaction between the ions. This allows us to combine a fast 3D Ewald summation technique with an equally fast calculation of polarization. As a demonstration of the method, we calculate ionic density profiles inside an electrolyte solution and explore charge neutrality violation in between charged metal slabs.
The role of resonant nuclear modes in vibrationally assisted energy transport: The LHCII complex
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pallavi , Fleming Graham R.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we discuss the explicit role of resonant nuclear/vibrational modes in mediating energy transport among chlorophylls in the Light-harvesting Complex II (LHCII), the major light-harvesting complex in green plants. The vibrational modes are considered to be resonant/quasi-resonant with the energy gap between electronic excitons. These resonant vibrations, along with the remaining nuclear degrees of freedom, constitute the environment/bath to the electronically excited system and contribute to two major phenomena: (a) decoherence and (b) incoherent phonon-mediated population relaxation. In this work, we explore the subtle interplay among the electronic excitation, the resonant vibrations, and the environment in dictating environment assisted quantum transport in light-harvesting complexes. We conclusively show that resonant vibrations are capable of boosting the incoherent population relaxation pathways and cause rapid decoherence.
Electrostatic pair-interaction of nearby metal or metal-coated colloids at fluid interfaces
Authors: Bebon Rick , Majee Arghya
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we theoretically study the electrostatic interaction between a pair of identical colloids with constant surface potentials sitting in close vicinity next to each other at the fluid interface. By employing a simplified yet reasonable model system, the problem is solved within the framework of classical density functional theory and linearized as well as nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory. Apart from providing a sound theoretical framework generally applicable to any such problem, our novel findings, all of which contradict common beliefs, include the following: first, quantitative and qualitative differences between the interactions obtained within the linear and the nonlinear PB theories; second, the importance of the electrostatic interaction between the omnipresent three-phase contact lines in interfacial systems; and, third, the occurrence of an attractive electrostatic interaction between a pair of identical metal colloids. The unusual attraction we report largely stems from an attractive line interaction, which although scales linearly with the size of the particle can compete with the surface interactions and can be strong enough to alter the nature of the total electrostatic interaction. Our results should find applications in metal or metal-coated particle-stabilized emulsions where densely packed particle arrays are not only frequently observed but also sometimes required.
On the proper derivation of the Floquet-based quantum classical Liouville equation and surface hopping describing a molecule or material subject to an external field
Authors: Chen Hsing-Ta , Zhou Zeyu , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: July 2020

We investigate different approaches to derive the proper Floquet-based quantum–classical Liouville equation (F-QCLE) for laser-driven electron-nuclear dynamics. The first approach projects the operator form of the standard QCLE onto the diabatic Floquet basis and then transforms to the adiabatic representation. The second approach directly projects the QCLE onto the Floquet adiabatic basis. Both approaches yield a form that is similar to the usual QCLE with two modifications: (1) The electronic degrees of freedom are expanded to infinite dimension and (2) the nuclear motion follows Floquet quasi-energy surfaces. However, the second approach includes an additional cross derivative force due to the dual dependence on time and nuclear motion of the Floquet adiabatic states. Our analysis and numerical tests indicate that this cross derivative force is a fictitious artifact, suggesting that one cannot safely exchange the order of Floquet state projection with adiabatic transformation. Our results are in accord with similar findings by Izmaylov et al., [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 084104 (2014)] who found that transforming to the adiabatic representation must always be the last operation applied, although now we have extended this result to a time-dependent Hamiltonian. This paper and the proper derivation of the F-QCLE should lay the basis for further improvements of Floquet surface hopping.