bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex satellite systems: a general model of formation from rings
Authors: Crida Aurélien , Charnoz Sébastien
Published: January 2015

Summary of the Abstract

We present our model of formation of regular satellites by the spreading of a cold debris disk beyond the Roche radius. By numerical simulations and analytical calculations, we show that this process explains the peculiar properties of Saturn's small and mid-sized moons, in particular their mass - distance distribution. This process seems to also account for the structures of the satellite systems of Uranus, Neptune, and the Earth, suggesting that they used to have massive rings.
On the Lagrange libration points of the perturbed Earth-Moon System
Authors: Salnikova Tatiana V. , Stepanov Sergey Ya.
Published: January 2015

In this work we discuss the elusive Kordylewski clouds – dust matter in the neighborhood of the Lagrange libration points L4, L5 of the Earth-Moon system. On the base of restricted planar circular four body problem we get some proof for possibility of existence of four such clouds and some rule to predict the optimal moments of time for their observation.
Rapid planetesimal formation in the inner protoplanetary disk
Authors: Drążkowska Joanna , Windmark Fredrik , Okuzumi Satoshi
Published: January 2015

Growth barriers, including the bouncing, fragmentation and radial drift problems, are still a big issue in planetesimal and thus planet formation theory. We present a new mechanism for very rapid planetesimal formation by sweep-up growth. Planetesimal formation is extremely fast in the inner protoplanetary disk where the growth rate exceeds the radial drift rate, leading to local planetesimal formation and pile-up inside of 1 AU. This scenario is very appealing particularly in the context of explaining the low mass of Mars, as well as the formation of recently discovered multi-transiting systems with tightly-packed inner planets.
Parental Communication and Life Satisfaction in Adolescence
Authors: Cava María-Jesús , Buelga Sofía , Musitu Gonzalo
Published: January 2015

This study aims to analyze the influence of communication with the mother and father on adolescents’ life satisfaction, as well as possible indirect effects through self-esteem, feelings of loneliness, and perceived classroom environment. These relationships, and possible gender differences, were analyzed in a sample of 1,795 adolescents (52% male, 48% female) aged 11 to 18 years-old (M = 14.2, SD = 1.68), using structural equation modeling. Results indicate a direct effect of communication-mother (girls: β = .19, p < .001; boys: β = .16, p < .05) and communication-father (girls: β = .22, p < .001; boys: β = .17, p < .05) on adolescent life satisfaction; and also indirect effects through self-esteem (communication-mother: girls, β = .18, p < .01; boys: β = .19, p < .05; communication-father: girls: β = .28, p < .001; boys: β = .27, p < .01) and feelings of loneliness (communication-mother: girls: β = -.19, p < .01; boys: β = -.21, p < .05; communication-father: girls: β = -.31, p < .001; boys: β = -.20, p < .01). The results and implications of this study are discussed.
Endstation Notfallstation: Perzeption und Rezeption des Begriffs «palliativer Patient» sowie Ansätze zur Verbesserung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit – ein Survey unter notfallmedizinischem Personal auf einer Schweizer Notfallstation
Authors: Klenk Laurence , Iucolano Nicoletta M. , Braun Christian Tasso , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Eychmüller Steffen
Published: January 2015

Hintergrund: Wegen sich verändernder Strukturen im Spitalbereich sowie im Bereich der Hausarztabdeckung als auch infolge zunehmenden Drucks auf das Gesundheitssystem kommen mehr Patienten auf die Notfallstationen, die aufgrund ihrer Grunderkrankung und des fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadiums von einem palliativen Behandlungskonzept profitieren. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung ist hierbei bereits die Definition von «Palliative Care» (PC), sowie die Klärung, was genau die palliative Versorgung beinhaltet. Häufig vermischt wird der Terminus «Palliative Care» mit «End of life care». Die vorliegende Studie ist eine Standortbestimmung im Universitären Notfallzentrum des Inselspitals Bern (UNZ), das jährlich rund 32 400 Patienten versorgt. Ziel ist es, mehr über den Wissensstand und die persönliche Einstellung der Mitarbeiter zu palliativen Fragestellungen und speziell zum Begriff «Palliative Care» zu erhalten. Methodik: Die Mitarbeiter des Universitären Notfallzentrums des Inselspitals Bern (UNZ) wurden mittels einer Online-Umfrage durch eine spitalexterne Fachinstitution interviewt. Diese Befragung basiert auf einem Instrument [1], das in einer vergleichbaren Studie auf einer Notfallstation in den USA entwickelt und validiert wurde. Resultate: Von 154 Mitarbeitenden (Pflege und Ärzte) füllten 60 Mitarbeitende die Befragung vollständig aus, entsprechend einer Antwortrate von 39%. Die Definition von Palliative Care (von n=60) war sehr heterogen und konnte in sechs Themenbereiche eingeteilt werden. Bei den Fragen nach spezifischen Leistungsangeboten äusserten die Mitarbeitenden den Wunsch nach einem erleichterten Zugang zu bestehenden Patientendaten, nach einem 24-Stunden-Palliative-Care-Konsiliardienst und nach mehr Besprechungszeit für Fragestellungen der PC im klinischen Alltag. Schlussfolgerungen: Die heterogene Begriffsdefinition von «Palliative Care» bestätigt sich. Es besteht kein klares Vorgehen, und zudem lässt sich ein Zeitmangel für ausführliche Patientengespräche in palliativen Situationen im UNZ feststellen. Der Patientenwunsch oder Patientenverfügungen mit DNR/DNI-Prozedere stehen nicht im Widerspruch zu den persönlichen Wertvorstellungen der meisten Mitarbeitenden. Die 24-Stunden-Verfügbarkeit eines spezialisierten PC-Teams, das Erarbeiten von Guidelines und vermehrtes Training für PC würde von den UNZ-Mitarbeitenden begrüsst.
Ultra-low percolation threshold in ferrite-metal cofired ceramics brings both high permeability and high permittivity
Authors: Wang Liang , Bai Yang , Lu Xuefei , Cao Jiang-Li , Qiao Li-Jie
Published: January 2015

High permeability and high permittivity are hard to be achieved simultaneously, either in single-phased materials or in composite materials, such as ferrite-ferroelectric ceramic composites and ferrite-metal percolative composites. In this work, ultra-low percolation threshold is achieved in NiZnCu ferrite-Ag cofired ceramics, which endows the composite with both high permeability and high permittivity by minimizing the negative effect of nonmagnetic conductive fillers on magnetic properties. The percolation threshold is controlled by the temperature matching between ferrite densification and Ag melting. A thin and long percolative net forms between large ferrite grains under a proper cofiring process, which brings a low percolation threshold of 1.21vol%, more than one order of magnitude lower than the theoretical value of 16vol%. Near the ultra-low threshold, the composite exhibits a high permeability of 585 and a high permittivity of 78.
Long-range Cooper pair splitter with high entanglement production rate
Authors: Chen Wei , Shi D. N. , Xing D. Y.
Published: January 2015

Cooper pairs in the superconductor are a natural source of spin entanglement. The existing proposals of the Cooper pair splitter can only realize a low efficiency of entanglement production and its size is constrained by the superconducting coherence length. Here we show that a long-range Cooper pair splitter can be implemented in a normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (NSN) junction by driving a supercurrent in the S. The supercurrent results in a band gap modification of the S, which significantly enhances the crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) of the NSN junction and simultaneously quenches its elastic cotunneling. Therefore, a high entanglement production rate close to its saturation value can be achieved by the inverse CAR. Interestingly, in addition to the conventional entangled electron states between opposite energy levels, novel entangled states with equal energy can also be induced in our proposal.
Specific in situ hepatitis B viral double mutation (HBVDM) detection in urine with 60 copies ml−1analytical sensitivity in a background of 250-fold wild type without DNA isolation and amplification
Authors: Kirimli Ceyhun E. , Shih Wei-Heng , Shih Wan Y.
Published: January 2015

We have examinedin situdetection of hepatitis B virus 1762T/1764A double mutation (HBVDM) in urine using a (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3)0.65(PbTiO3)0.35(PMN-PT) piezoelectric plate sensor (PEPS) coated with a 16-nucleotide (nt) probe DNA (pDNA) complementary to the HBVDM.
Characterization of core–shell MOF particles by depth profiling experiments using on-line single particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Cahill J. F. , Fei H. , Cohen S. M. , Prather K. A.
Published: January 2015

Materials with core–shell structures have distinct properties that lend themselves to a variety of potential applications.
A gold nanoparticle-based label free colorimetric aptasensor for adenosine deaminase detection and inhibition assay
Authors: Cheng Fen , He Yue , Xing Xiao-Jing , Tan Dai-Di , Lin Yi , Pang Dai-Wen , Tang Hong-Wu
Published: January 2015

A novel strategy for the fabrication of a colorimetric aptasensor using label free gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is proposed. The aptasensor consists of adenosine (AD) aptamer, AD and AuNPs. The strategy has been employed for the assay of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity.
Magnetic graphene composites as both an adsorbent for sample enrichment and a MALDI-TOF MS matrix for the detection of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5
Authors: Zhang Jiangang , Zhang Li , Li Ruijin , Hu Di , Ma Nengxuan , Shuang Shaomin , Cai Zongwei , Dong Chuan
Published: January 2015

Magnetic graphene composites were synthesized and applied for MALDI-TOFMS analysis of 3 nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5.
A hierarchical cluster analysis of ten index constituents based on microwave-assisted extraction by UHPLC-MS/MS for the evaluation and quality control of Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae
Authors: Zhao Pan , Zhao Longshan , Qi Chao , Wang Gang , Hou Xiaohong
Published: January 2015

A novel and rapid microwave-assisted extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the quality control of ten index constituents in Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae.
Glutathione-protected silver nanoclusters for sensing trace-level Hg2+ in a wide pH range
Authors: Zhong Yaping , Deng Chun , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu
Published: January 2015

A fluorescence method for the determination of Hg2+ in a wide pH range and based on the Ag nanoclusters was established.
The effect of photoinitiators on intracellular AKT signaling pathway in tissue engineering application
Authors: Xu Leyuan , Sheybani Natasha , Yeudall W. Andrew , Yang Hu
Published: January 2015

Free-radical photopolymerization initiated by photoinitiators is an important method to make tissue engineering scaffolds.
A simple modular aptasensor platform utilizing cucurbit[7]uril and a ferrocene derivative as an ultrastable supramolecular linker
Authors: Lee Don-Wook , Park Kyeng Min , Gong Bokyoung , Shetty Dinesh , Khedkar Jayshree K. , Baek Kangkyun , Kim Jeehong , Ryu Sung Ho , Kim Kimoon
Published: January 2015

A simple aptasensor platform was prepared by combining the merits of the efficient preparation of self-assembled monolayer of cucurbit[7]uril and its high binding affinity to ferrocene derivatives.
An efficient route to highly strained cyclobutenes: indium-catalyzed reactions of enynals with alkynes
Authors: Liang Renxiao , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Shifa
Published: January 2015

A catalytic method to synthesize the highly strained cyclobutene was developed. The reaction was believed to proceed through a formal indium-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition between electron-deficient enynals and a variety of alkynes.
On the role of the surface oxygen species during A–H (A = C, N, O) bond activation: a density functional theory study
Authors: Yoo Jong Suk , Khan Tuhin S. , Abild-Pedersen Frank , Nørskov Jens K. , Studt Felix
Published: January 2015

During A–H (A = C, N, O) bond cleavage on O* or OH* pre-covered (111) surfaces, the oxygen species play the role of modifying the reaction energy by changing the species involved in the initial and final states of the reaction.
Theoretical exploration of MgH2 and graphene nano-flakes in cyclohexane: proposing a new perspective toward functional hydrogen storage material
Authors: Liu Runze , Zhao Yinghe , Chu Tianshu
Published: January 2015

MgH2 generated from di-n-butylmagnesium decomposition in cyclohexane assembles onto graphene, bringing the potential for efficient hydrogen storage material.
Regioselective electrophilic borylation of haloarenes
Authors: Del Grosso Alessandro , Ayuso Carrillo Josue , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: January 2015

Haloarenes undergo direct borylation using amine : BCl3 : AlCl3 in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 2.
Vapochromism associated with the changes in the molecular arrangement of organic crystals
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Katsuki Ayaka , Nojiri Yuka , Tokugawa Yoko
Published: January 2015

Exposure of yellow anhydrate organic crystals to water vapor gave red hydrate crystals with significant changes in the molecular arrangement.
Evidence of “new hot spots” from determining the nonlinear optical behavior of materials: mechanistic studies of the vanadium borate crystal, Na3VO2B6O11
Authors: Su Xin , Yang Zhihua , Lee Ming-Hsien , Pan Shilie , Wang Ying , Fan Xiaoyun , Huang Zhenjun , Zhang Bingbing
Published: January 2015

The graphics indicated that (VO4)3−groups play an important role in the microscopic second-order susceptibilities in NVB.
7Li in situ 1D NMR imaging of a lithium ion battery
Authors: Klamor S. , Zick K. , Oerther T. , Schappacher F. M. , Winter M. , Brunklaus G.
Published: January 2015

The spatial distribution of charge carriers in lithium ion batteries during current flow is of fundamental interest for a detailed understanding of transport properties and the development of strategies for future improvements of the electrolyte–electrode interface behaviour.
Nanometer-sized dynamic entities in an aqueous system
Authors: Mamontov E. , Zolnierczuk P. , Ohl M.
Published: January 2015

A slow relaxation in an aqueous system is associated with nanometer-sized entities with a lifetime on nanosecond time scale.
Break junction under electrochemical gating: testbed for single-molecule electronics
Authors: Huang Cancan , Rudnev Alexander V. , Hong Wenjing , Wandlowski Thomas
Published: January 2015

This tutorial review highlights recent developments using break junction techniques, and emphasizes the concept of “electrochemical gating” on single-molecule junctions.
Evaluating the applicability of a semi-continuous aerosol sampler to measure Asian dust particles
Authors: Son Se-Chang , Park Seung Shik
Published: January 2015

A Korean prototype semi-continuous aerosol sampler was used to measure Asian dust particles. During two dust-storm periods, concentrations of crustal and trace elements were significantly enriched.
Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia's atmosphere
Authors: Wang Xianyu , Kennedy Karen , Powell Jennifer , Keywood Melita , Gillett Rob , Thai Phong , Bridgen Phil , Broomhall Sara , Paxman Chris , Wania Frank , Mueller Jochen F.
Published: January 2015

Systematic data for atmospheric POPs and their spatial variations across Australia are presented for the first time.
A new route towards colloidal molecules with externally tunable interaction sites
Authors: Månsson Linda K. , Immink Jasper N. , Mihut Adriana M. , Schurtenberger Peter , Crassous Jérôme J.
Published: January 2015

We describe a route towards self-assembled colloidal molecules, where thermoresponsive microgels serve as discrete, externally tunable interaction sites. The ability of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) microgels to adsorb to the oil/water (O/W) interface and create Pickering-stabilized mini-emulsions was first tested using the controlled addition of sub-micron-sized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oil droplets to a microgel suspension. The use of a mixture of PNIPAM and PNIPMAM microgels differing in size and fluorescent labeling then resulted in the formation of thermosensitive patchy particles, where the patches can be visualised using fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. The size of the assembled decorated droplets and the number of adsorbed microgels was further reduced using an in situ synthesis approach, where the oil droplets are directly synthesised in the presence of microgels. This results in the formation of highly monodisperse microgel-decorated PDMS oil droplets with a small number of microgels adsorbed to the droplet interface. We demonstrate that we can use temperature to change the interaction potential between these interaction sites and thus trigger a reversible association of the individual decorated droplets at temperatures above the volume phase transition temperature TVPT of the microgels. Finally, we investigated the temporal evolution of the decorated droplets and found that small and well-defined clusters of microgels form in the early stages of the process primarily through the action of capillary forces. These clusters mimic colloidal molecules with a small number of discrete and thermosensitive binding sites.
The anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of kaempferol glycosides from unripe soybean leaves in high-fat-diet mice
Authors: Zang Yanqing , Zhang Liping , Igarashi Kiharu , Yu Changqing
Published: January 2015

The anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of kaempferol glycoside fractions prepared from unripe soybean leaves were investigated.
Enhancing and suppressing effects of an inner droplet on deformation of a double emulsion droplet under shear
Authors: Chen Yongping , Liu Xiangdong , Zhang Chengbin , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: January 2015

We combine experimental investigation with numerical simulation to explore fundamental hydrodynamic effects of an inner droplet on deformation of a double emulsion droplet under shear.
Recent discoveries and developments of androgen receptor based therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Elancheran R. , Maruthanila V. L. , Ramanathan M. , Kabilan S. , Devi R. , Kunnumakara A. , Kotoky Jibon
Published: January 2015

The main focus of this review is to discuss the discoveries and developments of various therapies for prostate cancer.
Structure–activity relationship study on senktide for development of novel potent neurokinin-3 receptor selective agonists
Authors: Misu Ryosuke , Yamamoto Koki , Yamada Ai , Noguchi Taro , Ohno Hiroaki , Yamamura Takashi , Okamura Hiroaki , Matsuda Fuko , Ohkura Satoshi , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka
Published: January 2015

A potent neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) selective agonist with resistance to proteolytic digestion was developed.
Catalytic activity of anionic Au–Ag dimer for nitric oxide oxidation: a DFT study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debajyoti , Mishra Bhupesh Kumar , Chakrabartty Arup Kumar , Deka Ramesh Ch.
Published: January 2015

The oxidation of NO is effectively catalyzed by Au–Ag− dimer with Au site is the preferable one.
In situ growth of CdTe nanostructures from a novel electrodeposition bath: tuning of electrical properties and reuse of ionic liquid
Authors: Chauhan Khushbu R. , Patel Dipal B. , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit
Published: January 2015

Growth and manipulation of CdTe nanostructures from ionic liquid medium at a lower temperature of 80 °C is discussed.
Molecular interfaces for plasmonic hot electron photovoltaics
Authors: Pelayo García de Arquer F. , Mihi Agustín , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: January 2015

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to improve and tailor the photovoltaic performance of plasmonic hot-electron Schottky solar cells is presented. SAMs allow the simultaneous control of open-circuit voltage, hot-electron injection and short-circuit current.
Inkjet printing of upconversion nanoparticles for anti-counterfeit applications
Authors: You Minli , Zhong Junjie , Hong Yuan , Duan Zhenfeng , Lin Min , Xu Feng
Published: January 2015

Patterning of upconversion luminescent materials has been widely used for anti-counterfeit and security applications, where the preferred method should be easy, fast, multicolor, high-throughput and designable.
The enantioselective construction of tetracyclic diterpene skeletons with Friedel–Crafts alkylation and palladium-catalyzed cycloalkenylation reactions
Authors: Burke Sarah J. , Malachowski William P. , Mehta Sharan K. , Appenteng Roselyn
Published: January 2015

Enantioselective synthesis of natural product-like structures from a two-step extension of the Birch–Cope sequence: intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation and palladium-catalyzed cycloalkenylation.
Ethylene carbonate/cyclic ester random copolymers synthesized by ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Guerin William , Helou Marion , Slawinski Martine , Brusson Jean-Michel , Carpentier Jean-François , Guillaume Sophie M.
Published: January 2015

The successful ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) with various cyclic esters such as β-butyrolactone (BL), δ-valerolactone (VL), ε-caprolactone (CL) orl-lactide (LLA) has been achieved.
Saturation of two photon emission in ZnO nanoparticles with second order nonlinearity
Authors: Lin J. , Fujita Y. , Neogi A.
Published: January 2015

The nonlinear optical effects such as second harmonic generation and two-photon emission in ZnO nanocrystals have been studied using microscopic time-resolved and time-integrated emission spectroscopy.
Synthesis of single-crystalline NdB6 submicroawls via a simple flux-controlled self-catalyzed method
Authors: Han Wei , Zhang Hao , Chen Jian , Zhao Yanming , Fan Qinghua , Li Qidong
Published: January 2015

Neodymium hexaboride (NdB6) submicroawls have been fabricated via a simple flux-controlled self-catalyzed method.
Protein-concentration-dependent adsorption behaviour of inorganic layered materials
Authors: Chao(Wu) Victor Wei-Keh , Hsu Chao-Chen , Lu Wei-Ming , Chen Wen-Jing , Naveen Bunekar , Tsai Tsung-Yen
Published: January 2015

Adsorption patterns of BSA in different inorganic layered materials with different ionic exchange capacities (IEC) of low, suitable and high are shown from left to right. BSA/Clay concentrations (0/1-5/1) with respective d-spacing are shown from left to right.
LiFePO4 nanoparticles growth with preferential (010) face modulated by Tween-80
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Gu Junjie , Zhang Jinli , Yu Feng , Wang Jiao , Nie Ning , Li Wei
Published: January 2015

Adding Tween-80 as surfactant in hydrothermal synthesis can successfully reduce grain size and adjust crystal orientation of LiFePO4.
Experimental realization of tunable negative permittivity in percolative Fe78Si9B13/epoxy composites
Authors: Hou Qing , Yan Ke-lan , Fan Run-hua , Zhang Zi-dong , Chen Min , Sun Kai , Cheng Chuan-bing
Published: January 2015

Tunable negative permittivity in the radio frequency range has been obtained by percolative Fe78Si9B13/epoxy composites.
Concurrence of de-alloying and re-alloying in a ternary Al67Cu18Sn15 alloy and the fabrication of 3D nanoporous Cu–Sn composite structures
Authors: Song T. , Yan M. , Gao Y. , Atrens A. , Qian M.
Published: January 2015

The creation of nanoporous Cu3Sn–Cu–Cu6Sn5 composite structures in the form of self-supporting foils through the concurrence of de-alloying and re-alloying.
Acetalated-dextran as valves of mesoporous silica particles for pH responsive intracellular drug delivery
Authors: Lin Zhe , Li Jizhen , He Hongyan , Kuang Huihui , Chen Xuesi , Xie Zhigang , Jing Xiabin , Huang Yubin
Published: January 2015

A pH-sensitive drug release system using acetalated-dextran as valves was designed to manipulate smart intracellular release of anticancer drugs.
Synthesis of Eu3+-activated BiOF and BiOBr phosphors: photoluminescence, Judd–Ofelt analysis and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Saraf Rohit , Shivakumara C. , Behera Sukanti , Dhananjaya N. , Nagabhushana H.
Published: January 2015

A series of Bi1−xEuxOX (X = F and Br; x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) phosphors were synthesized at relatively low temperature and short duration (500 °C, 1 h).
Increased carrier mobility in end-functionalized oligosilanes
Authors: Surampudi S. , Yeh M.-L. , Siegler M. A. , Hardigree J. F. Martinez , Kasl T. A. , Katz H. E. , Klausen R. S.
Published: January 2015

A class of hybrid oligosilane–arene materials outperforms the σ- and π-conjugated parent structures.
The finite-size scaling study of four-dimensional Ising model in the presence of external magnetic field
Authors: Merdan Ziya , Kürkçü Cihan , Öztürk Mustafa K.
Published: January 2015

The four-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model in external magnetic field is simulated on the Creutz cellular automaton algorithm using finite-size lattices with linear dimension 4 ≤ L ≤ 8. The critical temperature value of infinite lattice, Tcχ(∞)=6,680(1) obtained for h = 0 agrees well with the values Tc(∞)≈ 6.68 obtained previously using different methods. Moreover, h = 0.00025 in our work also agrees with all the results obtained from h = 0 in the literature. However, there are no works for h ≠ 0 in the literature. The value of the field critical exponent (δ = 3.0136(3)) is in good agreement with δ = 3 which is obtained from scaling law of Widom. In spite of the finite-size scaling relations of |ML(t)| and χL(t) for 0 ≤ h ≤ 0.001 are verified; however, in the cases of 0.0025 ≤ h ≤ 0.1 they are not verified.
Molecular disorder effects in the thermal conductivity of solid thiophene
Authors: Vdovichenko G. A. , Krivchikov A. I. , Korolyuk O. A. , Romantsova O. O.
Published: January 2015

The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity κ(T) of solid thiophene is measured in a sequence of stable orientationally disordered phases with different degrees of orientational ordering of the molecules: in orientational glass (Vg); in phase V with large angular librational molecular vibrations; in incommensurate phase IV with a static orientational disorder; and in orientationally disordered crystalline phase III with dynamic orientational disorder of the molecules. Measurements are made at the saturated vapor pressure in a temperature range of 2–180 K. It is found that the thermal conductivity of thiophene is practically independent of temperature in phases III and V with dynamic orientational disorder of the molecules. In the orientational glass state and in the incommensurate state, the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of thiophene has a form typical of crystals with a long-range orientational order. A distinct hysteresis of the thermal conductivity is found at temperatures slightly below the temperature of the transition from phase IV into phase V.
New families of symmetric periodic solutions of the spatial anisotropic Manev problem
Authors: Alberti Angelo , Vidal Claudio
Published: January 2015

Applying perturbation theory and symmetry conditions, we prove the existence of new families of periodic orbits for the 3-dimensional anisotropic Manev problem, which depends on three parameters.
Ultraviolet photodissociation action spectroscopy of the N-pyridinium cation
Authors: Hansen Christopher S. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Chalyavi Nahid , Bieske Evan J. , Reimers Jeffrey R. , Trevitt Adam J.
Published: January 2015

The S1←S0 electronic transition of the N-pyridinium ion (C5H5NH+) is investigated using ultraviolet photodissociation (PD) spectroscopy of the bare ion and also the N2-tagged complex. Gas-phase N-pyridinium ions photodissociate by the loss of molecular hydrogen (H2) in the photon energy range 37 000–45 000 cm−1 with structurally diagnostic ion-molecule reactions identifying the 2-pyridinylium ion as the exclusive co-product. The photodissociation action spectra reveal vibronic details that, with the aid of electronic structure calculations, support the proposal that dissociation occurs through an intramolecular rearrangement on the ground electronic state following internal conversion. Quantum chemical calculations are used to analyze the measured spectra. Most of the vibronic features are attributed to progressions of totally symmetric ring deformation modes and out-of-plane modes active in the isomerization of the planar excited state towards the non-planar excited state global minimum.
Manifestation of Fermi resonance in the vibrational spectra of 5-ioduracil, and its deutero-derivatives isolated in low-temperature Ar matrices
Authors: Ivanov A. Yu. , Rubin Yu. V. , Egupov S. A. , Belous L. F. , Karachevtsev V. A.
Published: January 2015

The FTIR spectra of isolated 5-ioduracil (5IU) molecules, and its deutero-derivatives, were obtained in low-temperature (T = 8 K) argon matrices in the frequency range of 3800–200 cm−1, with a resolution of 0.3 cm−1. The tautomer population is estimated at the evaporation temperature 395 K, using DFT (functionals B3LYP and B2PLYP) and MP2 quantum-mechanical methods. It is found that the main keto tautomer population in 5IU is above 99.8%. 5IU vibrational spectra are calculated using the DFT/B3LYP method and 6-311++G(df,pd) basis, and the calculated frequencies are corrected using a second order polynomial. It is found that in the region of vCO stretching vibrations of 5IU molecules, a triple Fermi resonance is manifested between the fundamental vC4O mode, and the combinational vibrations with frequencies 1745.3 and 1722.5 cm−1. Six combination modes in the region of ring stretching vibrations, and in-plane deformational vibrations, of 5IU are found. This classification of the vibrational spectrum bands of 1,3 dideutero-5-ioduracil (D5IU), demonstrates the presence of six combination D5IU modes, in the entire spectral region. It is established that the Fermi resonance causes a split of vND stretching vibrations in pyrimidine base spectra.
Optical layer development for thin films thermal conductivity measurement by pulsed photothermal radiometry
Authors: Martan J.
Published: January 2015

Measurement of thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of optically transparent thin films presents a challenge for optical-based measurement methods like pulsed photothermal radiometry. We present two approaches: (i) addition of an opaque optical layer to the surface and (ii) approximate correction of the mathematical model to incorporate semitransparency of the film. Different single layer and multilayer additive optical layers were tested. The materials of the optical layers were chosen according to analysis and measurement of their optical properties: emissivity and absorption coefficient. Presented are thermal properties’ measurement results for 6 different thin films with wide range of thermal conductivity in three configurations of surface: as deposited, added Ti layer, and added Ti/TiAlSiN layer. Measurements were done in dependence on temperature from room temperature to 500 °C. The obtained thermal effusivity evolution in time after the laser pulse shows different effects of the surface layers: apparent effusivity change and time delay. Suitability of different measurement configurations is discussed and results of high temperature testing of different optical layers are presented.
Angular dependent light emission from planar waveguides
Authors: Peter Jaison , Prabhu Radhakrishna , Radhakrishnan P. , Vallabhan C. P. G. , Nampoori V. P. N. , Kailasnath M.
Published: January 2015

We have investigated the angular dependence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and laser emission from an asymmetric and free-standing polymer thin films doped with rhodamine 6G, which is transversely pumped by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. A semi-leaky waveguide or quasi-waveguide structure has been developed by spin coating technique. In these waveguides, the light was confined by the film/air-film/glass substrate interfaces. At the film/substrate interface, a portion of light will reflect back into the film (guided mode) and the remaining refracted to the substrate resulting in cutoff modes. A blue-shift in ASE has been observed when the pump power was increased from 8 to 20 mW allowing a limited range of tuning of emission wavelength. To study the directionality of the ASE from the waveguide, we have measured the output intensity and FWHM of emission spectra as a function of viewing angle (θ) from the plane parallel to film. From the detailed examination of the output emission spectra, as +θ increases from 0° there has been an initial decrease in output intensity, but at a particular angle ≈10° an increase in output intensity was observed. This additional peak in output intensity as +θ is a clear indication of coexistence of the cutoff mode. We also present a compact solid-state laser based on leaky mode propagation from the dye-doped polymer free-standing film (∼50 μm thickness) waveguide. The partial reflections from the broad lateral surfaces of the free-standing films provided the optical feedback for the laser emission with high directionality. For a pump power of 22 mW, an intense line with FWHM <0.2 nm was observed at 578 nm.
Carrier heating and negative photoconductivity in graphene
Authors: Heyman J. N. , Stein J. D. , Kaminski Z. S. , Banman A. R. , Massari A. M. , Robinson J. T.
Published: January 2015

We investigated negative photoconductivity in graphene using ultrafast terahertz techniques. Infrared transmission was used to determine the Fermi energy, carrier density, and mobility of p-type chemical vapor deposition graphene samples. Time-resolved terahertz photoconductivity measurements using a tunable mid-infrared pump probed these samples at photon energies between 0.35 eV and 1.55 eV, approximately one-half to three times the Fermi energy of the samples. Although interband optical transitions in graphene are blocked for pump photon energies less than twice the Fermi energy, we observe negative photoconductivity at all pump photon energies investigated, indicating that interband excitation is not required to observe this effect. Our results are consistent with a thermalized free-carrier population that cools by electron-phonon scattering, but are inconsistent with models of negative photoconductivity based on population inversion.
Dielectric properties and magnetoelectric effects in FeCo-MgF insulating nanogranular films
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Iwasa T. , Ishida K. , Masumoto H.
Published: January 2015

Multifunctional properties of matter, including dielectric and magnetic properties, are of great interest in physics and applications. Here, we investigate the dielectric properties and magnetoelectric effects in FeCo-MgF insulating nanogranular films. These films have a nanogranular structure in which Fe-Co alloy-based magnetic granules are dispersed in an Mg-F insulator-based matrix. Both a large dielectric constant of about 420 at 100 kHz and a large magnetoelectric effect of about 6.2% are obtained at room temperature. Insulating nanogranular films are a new class of multifunctional materials. The dielectric properties and the magnetoelectric effects originate in the nano-structure which consists of a magnetic metal and an insulator, and are explained by the spin-dependent tunneling charge oscillation between a pair of magnetic granules.
Characterization of submillisecond response optical addressing phase modulator based on low light scattering polymer network liquid crystal
Authors: Xiangjie Zhao , Cangli Liu , Jiazhu Duan , Dayong Zhang , Yongquan Luo
Published: January 2015

Optically addressed conventional nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator has attracted wide research interests. But the slow response speed limited its further application. In this paper, polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) was proposed to replace the conventional nematic liquid crystal to enhance the response time to the order of submillisecond. The maximum light scattering of the employed PNLC was suppressed to be less than 2% at 1.064 μm by optimizing polymerization conditions and selecting large viscosity liquid crystal as solvent. The occurrence of phase ripple phenomenon due to electron diffusion and drift in photoconductor was found to deteriorate the phase modulation effect of the optical addressed PNLC phase modulator. The wavelength effect and AC voltage frequency effect on the on state dynamic response of phase change was investigated by experimental methods. These effects were interpreted by electron diffusion and drift theory based on the assumption that free electron was inhomogeneously distributed in accordance with the writing beam intensity distribution along the incident direction. The experimental results indicated that the phase ripple could be suppressed by optimizing the wavelength of the writing beam and the driving AC voltage frequency when varying the writing beam intensity to generate phase change in 2π range. The modulation transfer function was also measured.
Giant ankyrin-G: A critical innovation in vertebrate evolution of fast and integrated neuronal signaling
Authors: Jenkins Paul M. , Kim Namsoo , Jones Steven L. , Tseng Wei Chou , Svitkina Tatyana M. , Yin Henry H. , Bennett Vann
Published: January 2015

Significance

Excitable axonal membrane microdomains are unique features of vertebrate nervous systems that are required for normal neuronal signaling and are involved in human neurological disorders. Ankyrin-G is a critical adaptor protein that acquired a giant exon early in vertebrate evolution, resulting in a new nervous system-specific polypeptide that is a master organizer of axonal excitable membranes. Giant ankyrin-G–deficient mice live to weaning and provide a rationale for survival of humans with severe cognitive dysfunction bearing a truncating mutation in the giant exon. The giant exon of ankyrin-G thus was a transformative innovation in evolution of the vertebrate nervous system that now is a potential target in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Trigger loop folding determines transcription rate of
Escherichia coli’s
RNA polymerase
Authors: Mejia Yara X. , Nudler Evgeny , Bustamante Carlos
Published: January 2015

Significance

RNA polymerase is a vital enzyme responsible for the first step in gene expression. Despite extensive studies, fundamental questions about its kinetic and mechanistic properties still remain unanswered. The trigger loop is a conserved domain within RNA polymerase that has been linked to the enzyme’s average elongation velocity and pausing behavior. In this study, we use optical tweezers, a single molecule technique, to analyze the behavior of two mutant polymerases with a single point mutation in their trigger loop domain and compare it to the WT. By looking at individual enzymes we are able to separate continuous elongation from pausing and create a kinetic and mechanistic model in which trigger loop folding-unfolding dynamics controls transcription elongation.
Accessorizing and anchoring the LINC complex for multifunctionality
Authors: Chang Wakam , Worman Howard J. , Gundersen Gregg G.
Published: January 2015

The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, composed of outer and inner nuclear membrane Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology (KASH) and Sad1 and UNC-84 (SUN) proteins, respectively, connects the nucleus to cytoskeletal filaments and performs diverse functions including nuclear positioning, mechanotransduction, and meiotic chromosome movements. Recent studies have shed light on the source of this diversity by identifying factors associated with the complex that endow specific functions as well as those that differentially anchor the complex within the nucleus. Additional diversity may be provided by accessory factors that reorganize the complex into higher-ordered arrays. As core components of the LINC complex are associated with several diseases, understanding the role of accessory and anchoring proteins could provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms.
The ultimate fate of cosmic rays from galaxies and their role in the intergalactic medium
Authors: Lacki Brian C.
Published: January 2015

The majority of cosmic rays (CRs) generated by star-forming galaxies escape them and enter the intergalactic medium (IGM). Galactic wind termination shocks might also accelerate CRs. I show that the mean pressure of these CRs can reach to within an order of magnitude of the mean Lyman α forest thermal pressure. At z ≳ 1, their pressure may have even been dominant. I also demonstrate that, whichever IGM phase the CRs reside in, they contribute significantly to its pressure if its temperature is ∼104 K, as long as pionic and Coulomb losses are negligible. Where CRs end up depends on the structure and strength of intergalactic magnetic fields. I argue that CRs end up at least 30 kpc from their progenitor galaxies. CRs may self-confine in the IGM to the sound speed, generating ≳ 10− 13 G magnetic fields. These considerations imply the existence and importance of a non-thermal IGM.
Zinc Detoxification Is Required for Full Virulence and Modification of the Host Leaf Ionome by Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Navarrete Fernando , De La Fuente Leonardo
Published: January 2015

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for all forms of life because it is a structural or catalytic cofactor of many proteins, but it can have toxic effects at high concentrations; thus, microorganisms must tightly regulate its levels. Here, we evaluated the role of Zn homeostasis proteins in the virulence of the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, among other diseases. Two mutants of X. fastidiosa ‘Temecula’ affected in genes which regulate Zn homeostasis (zur) and Zn detoxification (czcD) were constructed. Both knockouts showed increased sensitivity to Zn at physiologically relevant concentrations and increased intracellular accumulation of this metal compared with the wild type. Increased Zn sensitivity was correlated with decreased growth in grapevine xylem sap, reduced twitching motility, and downregulation of exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Tobacco plants inoculated with either knockout mutant showed reduced foliar symptoms and a much reduced (czcD) or absent (zur) modification of the leaf ionome (i.e., the mineral nutrient and trace element composition), as well as reduced bacterial populations. The results show that detoxification of Zn is crucial for the virulence of X. fastidiosa and verifies our previous findings that modification of the host leaf ionome correlates with bacterial virulence.
Impact ofWheat streak mosaic virusandTriticum mosaic virusCoinfection of Wheat on Transmission Rates by Wheat Curl Mites
Authors: Oliveira-Hofman C. , Wegulo S. N. , Tatineni S. , Hein G. L.
Published: January 2015

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are transmitted by the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), and coinfections of wheat by these viruses are common in the field. Previous work has shown that mite genotypes vary in their ability to transmit TriMV. However, the degree to which coinfection of wheat modifies WCM vector competence has not been studied. The objective was to determine whether mite genotypes differed in virus transmission ability when feeding on wheat coinfected by WSMV and TriMV. First, WCM genotype type 2 was used to determine virus transmission rates from mock-, WSMV-, TriMV-, and coinfected wheat plants. Transmission rates were determined by using single-mite transfers from replicated source plants. Coinfection reduced WSMV transmission by type 2 WCM from 50 to 35.6%; however, coinfection increased TriMV transmission from 43.3 to 56.8%. Mite survival on single-mite transfer test plants indicates that the reduction in WSMV transmission may result from poor mite survival when TriMV is present. In a second study, two separate colonies of WCM genotype type 1 were tested to assess the impact of coinfection on transmission. Type 1 mites did not transmit TriMV from coinfected plants but the two colonies varied in transmission rates for WSMV (20.9 to 36.5%). Even though these changes in mite transmission rates are moderate, they help explain the high relative incidence of TriMV-positive plants that are coinfected with WSMV in field observations. These findings begin to demonstrate the complicated interactions found in this mite–virus complex.
Symptomless Host and Nonhost Responses of Paulownia (Paulownia spp.) to Olive-Defoliating Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Jiménez-Fernández Daniel , Olivares-García Concepción , Trapero-Casas José L. , Requena Jaime , Moreno Jesús , Jiménez-Díaz Rafael M.
Published: January 2015

Symptomless host and nonhost responses of Paulownia spp. to olive-defoliating (D) Verticillium dahliae is reported for the first time. Two paulownia clones, Paulownia elongata ‘PC-2’ and P. elongata × P. fortunei ‘PC-3’, were inoculated with a V. dahliae isolate representative of the D pathotype by either root dip or stem injection with a conidial suspension, repeated transplanting to a V. dahliae-infested soil mixture, or root dip in the conidial suspension followed by transplanting to the infested soil mixture. ‘Picual’ olive and ‘Sugar Baby’ watermelon were included in all experiments as susceptible standards to show that the inoculation procedures and incubation conditions were successful. Plants were incubated under conditions optimal for Verticillium wilt that caused severe disease in ‘Picual’ olive and ‘Sugar Baby’ watermelon in the growth chamber, shade house, and field microplots for 30 to 57 weeks in three independent experiments. No foliar symptoms developed on paulownia, whose stems were found free of V. dahliae both by isolation on semiselective NP-10 medium as well as by a nested-polymerase chain reaction assay using total genomic DNA from inoculated plants that effectively detected D V. dahliae in olive stems. V. dahliae was isolated to a limited extent from roots of PC-3 paulownia plants after 30 weeks of growth in the infested soil mixture but not from those that were root-dip inoculated or from PC-2 plants regardless the method of inoculation. The symptomless host and nonhost responses of Paulownia spp. to D V. dahliae may have practical applications in the use of fertile soils in southern Spain, particularly in those that are highly infested with the highly virulent D pathotype, as well as a replacement crop for Verticillium wilt-affected olive orchards in that region.
Infection and Colonization of Several Bermudagrasses byOphiosphaerella korrae
Authors: Flores F. J. , Marek S. M. , Anderson J. A. , Mitchell T. K. , Walker N. R.
Published: January 2015

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most commonly used turfgrass in the southern United States where it is severely affected by spring dead spot (SDS) caused by Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, O. korrae, and O. narmari. In this study, infection of bermudagrass roots and stolons by O. korrae was characterized using a transformant that expressed the red fluorescent protein tdTomato. Roots of interspecific hybrid cultivars Midlawn and Tifway 419, C. transvaalensis accessions Uganda and 3200, and C. dactylon cultivar U3 were inoculated and observed from 2 to 14 days postinoculation (DPI) while stolons were observed from 2 to 22 DPI. For all five cultivars tested, a similar level of root colonization was observed; however, differences were observed in the rate of necrosis development. Necrosis of Tifway 419 and Midlawn tissues was evident at 2 DPI, in Uganda and 3200 at 8 DPI, and in U3 necrosis was often absent as late as 14 DPI. The fungus rapidly penetrated the root epidermis and colonized the cortex of all cultivars by 4 DPI. Colonization of stele tissues by O. korrae was rare in hybrid cultivars but common in C. transvaalensis and C. dactylon accessions. On intact stolons, the fungus did not penetrate the epidermis 22 DPI though epidermal necrosis was evident on the surface of only the hybrid bermudagrasses. Wounded stolons became necrotic in all cultivars. Infection and colonization of various bermudagrasses by O. korrae was found to be similar to that by O. herpotricha, suggesting that host genetic resistance may be used for effective management of SDS caused by both species.