bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Physiological Effects of Hydroponically Cultured Roots of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Saito Kieko , Nakamura Yoriyuki
Published: April 2022

Green tea has been reported to result in improvements in a range of health parameters. However, most research has only documented the effects of green tea brewed from leaves or leaf extracts. In addition to the leaves, the roots of tea plants also possess unique properties because of their requirements for growth, which may enable them to have useful physiological effects. We used a hydroponic system to grow the plants and explored the physiological effects of the roots, which biosynthesize one of the rarest functional amino acids, theanine (γ-ethylamide-L-glutamic acid). The level of theanine was much higher in the roots than in the leaves, and the roots also differed in other aspects of their chemical composition. We evaluated the effects of tea-root extract on the cognitive function and emotions of aged rats. Our results show that, in the object recognition test, aged rats drinking tea-root extract tended to show improved cognitive function and were more relaxed than the control group, which drank tap water. Furthermore, using a mouse model of human aging, we found that the average life span of mice that consumed the root extract was significantly increased. We suggest that tea roots contain unique components that may improve impaired physiological functions, and we therefore propose tea-root extract as a novel nutraceutical.
Economic Analysis of Integrated Farming Systems in Mahbubnagar District of Southern Telangana Zone
Authors: Archana P. , Ali Baba Md. , Suhasini K. , Srinivasa Chary D.
Published: April 2022

Aim: Farmers followed integrated farming but not on a commercial scale with heightened practices. However, local level characterization of different farming systems were analyzed on how adoption of farming systems and which remunerative components can improve their income levels, in turn their livelihood sustainability particularly, small and marginal farmers.

Methodology: Mahbubnagar, a rainfed district of the state was chosen to understand the characterization of farming systems under resource poor conditions. Multistage sampling technique was used. Herfindahl index was calculated for selection of mandals. Two mandals, four villages from each mandal and 15 farmers @ each village, total 120 farmers were selected.

Results: Four major farming systems Crop, Crop -Cattle, Crop - Cattle - Goat, Crop - Cattle – Sheep labelled as (FS-I, FS-II, FS-III and FS-IV) were identified in the study area. FS-IV (1.81)  was the most remunerative farming system. Even across different farmer sizes, it was found best with the highest Benefit-Cost ratio(B-C) ratios. The highest adoption percent was for FS-II (36.67%) followed by -I, III, IV (20.83 %), (19.2 %), (9.17%) respectively.

Of the integrated farming systems, the highest remunerative component was Cattle for FS-II. (Cattle >Goat> Crop) is the declining order of the remunerative components for FS-III. (Sheep

>Crop > Cattle) is the order for FS-IV. Across different size-classes of farmers (marginal, small and semi-medium), in all FS-I was found least remunerative. They showed consistent declining order of remunerative systems (FS-IV >-II > -III >-I) for marginal farmers, small farmers (FS-II > -III >-I) and semi-medium farmers (FS-IV >-II > -III >-I)

Conclusion: IFS reaped higher returns than only crop farming system. Livestock components added more weightage on income yielded in each farming system. Across all farmers’ classes, it is concluded that integration of different components enterprises increased the returns. Marginal and small farmers have better B-C ratios than semi-medium farmers in all farming systems.
Performance of IBA and NAA Concentrations for Shoots in Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cv. Dinkar
Authors: Wakle A. G. , Shinde S. J. , D. Jadhav Sonal
Published: April 2022

The experiment on performance of IBA and NAA concentrations for shoots in Fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. Dinkar. was carried out at Central Nursery, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani  during kharif  season in year 2018-19. The objective was to find out suitable concentration of growth regulators for Shoots and success of air layer. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design in Nine treatments with three replications. The treatments were T1 (IBA-2500 ppm), T2 (IBA-5000 ppm), T3 (IBA-7500 ppm), T4 (IBA-10000 ppm), T5 (NAA-2500 ppm), T6 (NAA-5000 ppm), T7 (IBA+NAA-2500+ 2500 ppm), T8 (IBA+NAA-5000+ 5000 ppm) and T9 (Control).

The treatment T3 (IBA 7500 ppm) also significantly influenced in regards to shoot growth parameters as it recorded minimum number of days required for first sprouting (10.10), length of  shoot (6.67, 13.67 and 18.67 cm), number of leaves (6.22, 7.99 and 9.88), number of sprouts (2.87, 4.77 and 6.66), number of shoots (3.54, 5.44 and 7.33), stem girth (2.13, 3.13 and 4.28 cm), seedling height (14.67, 21.68 and 27.66 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting respectively. The treatment T3 (IBA 7500 ppm) also recorded the maximum success percentage (96.33%) and benefit cost ratio (1.81) after 90 days of transplanting.
Effect of Molybdenum and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Harshini Koganti , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace , Singh Shrish Kumar
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at crop research farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) with the objective to evaluate the influence of molybdenum and biofertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, nearly neutral in soil reaction having pH 7.1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with ten treatments and were replicated thrice. The treatments comprising of different levels of molybdenum and bio-fertilizers i.e. Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria whose effect was observed in Cowpea. The treatment 6 with application of molybdenum 4g/kg seed and Rhizobium + PSB recorded significantly higher in plant height (78.64cm), branches/plant (15.07), nodules/plant (37.87) and dry weight (45.11g/plant). Molybdenum 4g/kg seed and Rhizobium + PSB also recorded significantly higher in yield and yield attributes viz. pods/plant (16.20), seeds/pod (12.80), seed yield (1.50t/ha), stover yield (4.17t/ha). Therefore, treatment with application of Molybdenum 4g/kg seed along with Rhizobium and PSB was more productive and can be recommended to farmers after further trails.
Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Tests and Positive Results on Clinical Students Screened during the Second wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: N. Mato Christie , Friday Ogoronte A. Ijah Rex , M. Onodingene Nkem , E. Aaron Friday , Owhonda Golden , I. Ogamba Michael
Published: April 2022

Background: Destabilization of all educational activities, mixed impact on academic research and professional development, severe effect on the educational assessment system, and reduced employment opportunities, were some of the impacts recorded in the educational sector following the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of COVD-19 and COVID-19 test and results on returning clinical students in a Private Medical University in Port Harcourt in the first quarter of year 2021.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among returning clinical students in a private medical university. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from clinical students. Data was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.

Results: A total of seventy-six (76) respondents who were medical students were involved in the study, with a 98.0% response rate. The impact of the pandemic was felt at home and in school. Study found that 49 students (64.5%) were dissatisfied with school work and twenty-two respondents (28.9%) were observed to be highly stressed while 9 students (11.8%) were observed to have no stress. The female respondents were more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than their male colleagues.

Conclusion: Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 disease and testing revealed that undergraduate clinical students were affected psychosocially in the pandemic. Respondents were observed to be highly stressed, and a few indicated incapacitating psychological distress. Therefore, psychosocial support of students should be built into response measures for future screening services.
Field Evaluation of Indofil Z-78 against Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum sp.) and Leaf Spot (Alternaria and Cercospora) Disease of Pomegranate
Authors: D. Ekabote Suresh , Pruthviraj . , Divyajyothi U. , Nalina S. O.
Published: April 2022

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is one of the ancient and highly praised favorite fruit belongs family Lythraceae of Myrtales order which is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years for successful cultivation of pomegranate, faced by  many constraints, among them, pest and diseases are the major ones. Common pathogens of pomegranate leaf and fruits include Anthracnose and Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot and these pathogens cause severe loss to pomegranate crop. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out on the effect of Indofil Z-78 against leaf spots and fruit rot of pomegranate during 2018-19 and 2019-2020 at College of Horticulture, Hiriyur. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the leaf spots and fruit rot disease severity over   untreated control.Amongst all the treatments in both seasons. Indofil Z-78 @ 4 gm/liter was most effective in management leaf spots (15.18 and 12.33 PDI), anthracnose (10.55 and 15.13 PDI) with a yield of 4.00 tons/ha and 3.82 tons/ ha respectively followed by the same fungicides at 3.00 gm/liter.
Field Evaluation of Indofil M-45 against Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum sp.) Leaf Spot (Alternaria and Cercospora) Disease of Pomegranate
Authors: Ekabote Suresh D. , . Pruthviraj , Divyajyothi U. , Nalina S. O.
Published: April 2022

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is one of the ancient and highly praised favorite fruit belongs family Lythraceae of Myrtales order which is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years for the successful cultivation of pomegranate, faced by many constraints, among them, pest and diseases are the major ones. Common pathogens of pomegranate leaf and fruits include Anthracnose and Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot and these pathogens cause severe loss to pomegranate crop. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out on the effect of Indofil M- 45 against leaf spots and fruit rot of pomegranate during 2018-19 and 2019-2020 at College of Horticulture, Hiriyur. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the leaf spots and fruit rot disease severity over untreated control. Amongst all the treatments in both seasons. Indofil M-45 atat gm/liter was most effective in management leaf spots (15.50 and 16.17 PDI), anthracnose (10.55 and 8.33 PDI) with a yield of 4.18 tons/ha and 3.59 tons/ ha respectively followed by the same fungicides at 3.00gm/liter.
The Mechanism of the Davy Test for Strychnine
Authors: Sánchez-Viesca Francisco , Gómez Reina
Published: April 2022

The chemistry of a spot test for identification of a bioactive compound is important the more if the substance is strychnine. This converts the test in a toxicological assay with forensic application. The Davy test is based on the oxidation of strychnine by means of potassium ferricyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid. This Theoretical Organic Chemistry study reveals the reaction series that occurs during the test, the electron flow is provided step by step. The process is an electron-transfer oxidation, from the alkaloid to the multi-functional final product having two lactams, a ketone and a carboxylic acid. The involved reactions are electrophilic attack to double bond, hydrogen elimination, free radical subtraction, isomerization, alcohol oxidation, epoxide formation, hydrolysis, concerted reaction mechanism to ketone and aldehyde via carbon-carbon fission, and oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid. All is in accordance with the chemical deportment of the involved compounds and is supported by the references.
Growth and Trend Analysis of Area, Production and Productivity of Cotton Crop in the Ballari District of Karnataka
Authors: Ramesh . , Avinash G. , Amith G. , Rebasiddanavar Revappa M. , Shilpa M. , Krishamurthy K. N.
Published: April 2022

Cotton is the main source of commercial fiber. In India's economy, it is one of the most important cash crops. This study used secondary data to look at the growth in cotton crop area, production, and productivity in the Ballari district of Karnataka over the last 46 years (1970–2016).The findings demonstrated that the cotton crop's area, production, and productivity increased significantly over the study period. In terms of area (2.8 per cent), production (3.3 per cent), and productivity, the Ballari district increased significantly (3.0 per cent). To know more about cotton crop acreage, production, and productivity trends in the Karnataka district of Ballari, The quartic model was determined to be the best fit among the various polynomial models fitted for the acreage, production, and productivity of the cotton crop in the Ballari district, with an RMSE of 12.9 and an adj.R2 value of 0.8. The best fit for production was a quartic model with an RMSE of 18.7 and an adj.R2 value of 0.87, while the best fit for productivity was a cubic model with an RMSE of 50.6 and an adj.R2 value of 0.8.
Sensitive and Selective Analytical Method for the Quantification of Two Potential Genotoxic Impurities in Azilsartan Drug Substance by using LC-MS/MS with Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM mode)
Authors: Alluri Chandramohan , Naramsetti Kiran Kumar , Sharma G. Veera Raghava
Published: April 2022

The main aim of the present study to Synthesize,method development and method validation for quantification of two potential genotoxic impurities i.e., Methyl(Z)-2-ethoxy-1-((2'-(N'-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl) methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylate(Impurity-A) and 2-ethoxy-1-((2'-(N'-hydroxycarbamimidoyl[)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-7-carboxylicacid(Impurity-B) by using LC-MS/MS MRM mode at trace level determination inAzilsartan drug substance. The new LC-MS/MS MRM mode method was developed by using Inertsil ODS-3V 150x4.6mm,5µm column as stationary phase. The mobile phase used is the composition of 10Mm Ammonium formate pH3.00buffer:Acetonitrile(9:1)%v/v as mobilephase-A and 10Mm Ammonium formate pH3.00buffer:Acetonitrile(2:8)%v/v as mobile phase-B, isocratic  elution of mobile phase-A and Mobile phase-B (60:40)v/v at flow rate of 0.8mL/min.The concentration limits of the both genotoxic impurities were calculated a limit of 37.5ppm based on the concept of TTC (threshold of toxicological concern) and MDD (maximum daily dosage which is 40mg/day for Azilsartan drug substance.The limit of detection(LOD) was found to be 1.4ppm for both Impurity-A  and Impurity-B.The limit of quantification(LOQ) for Impurity-A was 4.7ppm and Impurity-B was 4.5ppm respectively The method was found to be linear from 4.7ppm to 78.4ppm for Impurity-A (correlation coefficient:1.000) and 4.5ppm to 75.7ppm for Impurity-B (correlation coefficient:0.999). The method was precise and found percentage of relative standard deviation for six replicate sample preparations of Impurity-A and Impurity-B was below 5.0%. The method accuracy was confirmed based on the recovery studies. Based on the method validation study method was sensitive and selective for quantification both genotoxic impurities.
Carcinogenic Potential of E-cigarettes: Vapor Profile and Cellular Effects
Authors: Hutchinson Amy , ElBagoury Marwan
Published: April 2022

E-cigarettes are devices that vaporize a liquid made of polyglycerol, glycol, flavorings, and nicotine, for inhalation. Initially created for smoking cessation, the health risks of these devices are still not clear. This literature review compiles data on the chemical profile of e-vapor and cell exposure studies to formulate conclusions regarding cancer risk and provide suggestions for future research. The reviewed studies identified a large range of potentially harmful compounds, namely formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde, which were found in all studies. Metabolites of these compounds were then identified in exposed patients, showing bodily absorption. In vitro studies found evidence for cellular damage, including DNA mutations, reduced cell viability, and differentiated protein expression which may increase user’s cancer risk. Though the evidence is inconclusive given the heterogeneity of the field. Future studies should focus on the human effects of vaping, testing bronchial brushings and lavage fluid from users to determine the in vivo effects of exposure. Closely monitoring e-cigarette users for early warning signs of cancer would also help us understand future risk and answer questions about the safety of these devices.
A Preliminary Report of Testate Amoebae (Protozoa : Tubulinea and Cercozoa) in Govind National Park, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Bindu L. , Kumar V. M. Sathish
Published: April 2022

Studies relating to testate amoebae in Uttarakhand have been sporadic and testates have been documented only from a few protected areas and so far there are no records from Govind National Park, Uttarakhand. Therefore, as a part of faunistic survey in Uttarakhand, a study to document the moss inhabitant testate diversity was carried out in Govind Wildlife Sanctuary in October 2019 and has filled the lacuna of Testate Amoebae study in the sanctuary to form the foundation for further investigation. The study revealed the occurrence of a total of 42 species belonging to 16 genera and 9 families. Of these, 4 species viz., Cyclopyxis tronconica Godeanu, 1972, Certesella martiali Certes, 1889, Quadrulella madibai Kosakyan et al., 2016 and Assulina discoides Bobrov, Shimano and Mazei, 2012 are novel records to India. This report forms the baseline information for testate amoebae of Govind WLS suggesting the high diversity of testate fauna in the protected area which can be still higher if further explored.
Isolation and Enzymatic Activity of Thermo-tolerant Bacteria from Waste Dumpsites in Umudikeand Environs
Authors: Obi C. N. , Ihuoma B. O. , Ike S.
Published: April 2022

The research studied the isolation of thermo-tolerant bacteria with enzymatic activity from waste dumpsites. 30 soil samples were collected using sterile spatular into sterile universal bottles, labelled and taken to the laboratory analyses. The soil samples were serially diluted and inoculated by spread plate method on different media and incubated at 30oC for 48 hrs. The isolates were observed for colonial morphologies and later sub-cultured to get pure isolates which were stored in agar slants and kept in the refrigerator for further use. The isolates were Gram stained and also subjected to biochemical and sugar fermentation tests. The isolates were then cultured at thermophilic temperature and those with positive results were screened for the production of amylase, protease and lipase activity. The effect of temperature, pH and nitrogen sources on enzyme activity of the thermophilic bacterial isolates was also assessed. Results show that Bacillus subtilis (70.0%), Bacillus licheniformis (43.3%), Bacillus cereus (56.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (56.7%), Streptomyces species (36.7%), Bacillus brevis (43.3%)and Norcadia species (30%) were recovered from the soil samples.  All the bacterial isolates tolerated 55oC of temperature while only Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis and Norcadia species were isolated at 60oC. All the isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave amylase activity while all the isolates gave protease activity. All the isolates except Bacillus licheniformis and Nocardia species had lipase activity. Temperature and pH had varied effects on the enzyme activity of the isolates. The potentials of these bacterial isolates as good sources of enzymes at elevated temperatures, varied pH and nitrogenous sources for commercial uses was recognized.
Prevalence and patterns of symptoms of dysautonomia in patients with long‐COVID syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Eldokla Ahmed M. , Mohamed‐Hussein Aliae A. , Fouad Ahmed M. , Abdelnaser Mariam G. , Ali Sara T. , Makhlouf Nahed A. , Sayed Islam G. , Makhlouf Hoda A. , Shah Jaffer , Aiash Hani
Published: April 2022

Background

The association between autonomic dysfunction and long‐COVID syndrome is established. However, the prevalence and patterns of symptoms of dysautonomia in long‐COVID syndrome in a large population are lacking.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and patterns of symptoms of dysautonomia in patients with long‐COVID syndrome.

Methods

We administered the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS‐31) questionnaire to a sample of post‐COVID‐19 patients who were referred to post‐COVID clinic in Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt for symptoms concerning for long‐COVID syndrome. Participants were asked to complete the COMPASS‐31 questionnaire referring to the period of more than 4 weeks after acute COVID‐19.

Results

We included 320 patients (35.92 ± 11.92 years, 73% females). The median COMPASS‐31 score was 26.29 (0–76.73). The most affected domains of dysautonomia were gastrointestinal, secretomotor, and orthostatic intolerance with 91.6%, 76.4%, and 73.6%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between COMPASS‐31 score and long‐COVID duration (p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between orthostatic intolerance domain score and post‐COVID duration (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between orthostatic intolerance domain score and age of participants (p = 0.004). Two hundred forty‐seven patients (76.7%) had a high score of COMPASS‐31 >16.4. Patients with COMPASS‐31 >16.4 had a longer duration of long‐COVID syndrome than those with score <16.4 (46.2 vs. 26.8 weeks, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Symptoms of dysautonomia are common in long‐COVID syndrome. The most common COMPASS‐31 affected domains of dysautonomia are gastrointestinal, secretomotor, and orthostatic intolerance. There is a positive correlation between orthostatic intolerance domain score and patients' age.
Bipartisan bill garners wide field support
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2022

Last week, Rep. Abigail Spanberger (D‐Va.) introduced a bill that would authorize more than $900 million from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to focus on specific programs, including.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon for High‐Performance Batteries: From Structure to Properties
Authors: Sun Yu , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Yang Yan‐Ling , Suo Guoquan , Zhang Li , Lu Siyu , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: April 2022

Owing to the sustainability, environmental friendliness, and structural diversity of biomass‐derived materials, extensive efforts have been devoted to use them as energy storage materials in high‐energy rechargeable batteries. A timely and comprehensive review from the structures to mechanisms will significantly widen this research field. Here, it starts with the operation mechanism of batteries, and it aims to summarize the latest advances for biomass‐derived carbon to achieve high‐energy battery materials, including activation carbon methods and the structural classification of biomass‐derived carbon materials from zero dimension, one dimension, two dimension, and three dimension. Each strategy starts with carefully selected examples and then moves to illustrate the underlying transport mechanism of electrons in the structure. In the end, challenges, strategies, and outlooks are pointed out for the future development of biomass‐derived carbon materials. Overall, this review will help researchers choose appropriate strategies to design biomass‐derived carbon materials, thereby promoting the application of biomass materials in battery design.
Metabolic Intervention Nanoparticles for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy via Overcoming FSP1‐Mediated Ferroptosis Resistance
Authors: Yang Jie , Jia Zengguang , Zhang Jun , Pan Xiuhua , Wei Yawen , Ma Siyu , Yang Ning , Liu Zengyi , Shen Qi
Published: April 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have a predisposition to poor prognosis due to the strong malignancy. Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, is a candidate treatment for TNBC owing to its effectiveness in killing cancer cells. However, some TNBC cells exhibit an abnormal tumor metabolism, especially the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1)‐mediated ubiquinone redox metabolism, which can promote ferroptosis resistance. Here, rosuvastatin (RSV) is encapsulated in silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticle (designated as Cu‐SF(RSV) NPs) for TNBC inhibition by overcoming FSP1‐mediated ferroptosis resistance. RSV intervenes in metabolic mevalonate pathway to disturb the redox homeostasis regulated by CoQ/FSP1 axis, thereby overcoming ferroptosis resistance. Besides, Cu‐SF(RSV) NPs can generate reactive oxygen species and deplete glutathione to facilitate redox stress, thereby amplifying ferroptosis effect. Thus, it is anticipated that the metabolic intervention nanoparticles, Cu‐SF(RSV) NPs, can be exploited as a promising therapeutic platform for clinical TNBC treatment.
Wireless Electrical Power Delivery Using Light through Soft Skin Tissues under Misalignment and Deformation
Authors: Seo Jimin , Kim Juho , Jeong Jinmo , Jung Dongwuk , Ju Hunpyo , Lee Taeyeon , Park Hyeongoh , Lee Jongho
Published: April 2022

Providing sustainable electrical power to medical electronic implants is key to enabling the diverse functions of implants and to avoiding repetitive replacement surgeries of depleted batteries. Subcutaneous photovoltaic energy harvesting with an external light source patch can be a reliable approach that provides sufficient power using light. However, from a practical perspective, aligning the external light source patch over opaque skin by patients may affect the amount of delivered electrical power. The amount of delivered power may also be affected by the deformation of the light source and receiver patches in accordance with thin skin layers. In this paper, an experimental and analytical study on the performance of a power implant under an animal skin depending on the implantation depth, lateral misalignment with the external light patch, and bending radius and direction is presented. The experimental results indicate that the transferred power by the patches in misalignment (about 20% of the transmitter length) or in bending (≈30 mm radius) is maintained at least 90% power of the aligned and flat ones. The results provide important characteristic data that are required in designing reliable wireless power transfer systems for various types of implantable medical devices.
Ultrawide‐Angle Ultralow‐Reflection Phenomenon for Transverse Electric Mode in Anisotropic Metasurface
Authors: Lv Qihao , Jin Cheng , Zhang Binchao , Yin Liyuan , Liu Shuo , Tian Buning , Cui Tie Jun
Published: April 2022

The Brewster effect plays a significant role in the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a transverse magnetic mode or p‐polarization at a specific angle. Here, a transverse electric mode ultrawide‐angle ultralow‐reflection phenomenon is proposed to realize perfect transparency at ultrawide incidence angles. Theoretical formulae are derived to provide the basis for the ultrawide‐angle ultralow‐reflection phenomenon and to explain the significant characteristics of achieving an ultrawide‐angle transmission response. As a proof of concept, a metasurface with an ultrawide‐angle ultralow‐reflection response is designed and measured, whose relative permittivity and permeability tensors are tuned by engineering an electric resonator and a magnetic resonator, respectively. This study unveils a new path for the design of ultrawide‐angle transparent surfaces.
Recent Advances in Reactions Using Enaminone in Water or Aqueous Medium
Authors: Wang Zhouying , Zhao Baoli , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: April 2022

Enaminones have in the past decade received renewed interest in organic synthesis by acting as highly versatile building blocks. Particularly, the featured amino and carbonyl group in the enaminone structure endow them with the ability of tolerating water via hydrogen bonding effect. Thus, designing synthetic methods in aqueous medium with enaminones as the main building blocks has received extensive attention and notable success. Based on our longstanding efforts and interests in enaminone chemistry, we review herein the research advances in enaminone participated organic synthesis in aqueous medium.

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Giant Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Platinum‐Titanium Oxide Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Xu Xinkai , Zhang Dainan , Liu Bo , Meng Hao , Xu Jiapeng , Zhong Zhiyong , Tang Xiaoli , Zhang Huaiwu , Jin Lichuan
Published: April 2022

Although the spin Hall effect provides a pathway for efficient and fast current‐induced manipulation of magnetization, application of spin–orbit torque magnetic random access memory with low power dissipation is still limited to spin Hall materials with low spin Hall angles or very high resistivities. This work reports a group of spin Hall materials, Pt1−x(TiO2)x nanocomposites, that combines a giant spin Hall effect with a low resistivity. The spin Hall angle of Pt1−x(TiO2)x in an yttrium iron garnet/Pt1−x(TiO2)x double‐layer heterostructure is estimated from a combination of ferromagnetic resonance, spin pumping, and inverse spin Hall experiments. A giant spin Hall angle 1.607 ± 0.04 is obtained in a Pt0.94(TiO2)0.06 nanocomposite film, which is an increase by an order of magnitude compared with 0.051 ± 0.002 in pure Pt thin film under the same conditions. The great enhancement of spin Hall angle is attributed to strong side‐jump induced by TiO2 impurities. These findings provide a new nanocomposite spin Hall material combining a giant spin Hall angle, low resistivity and excellent process compatibility with semiconductors for developing highly efficiency current‐induced magnetization switching memory devices and logic devices.
Famine, tea, and bread in Ireland: C282Y and modern human microevolution
Authors: Burke Stacie , Duffy Thomas
Published: April 2022

The HFE gene variant allele C282Y connected with hereditary hemochromatosis occurs at a frequency of about 10%–11% in Ireland, the highest known frequency in the modern global population. In this synthesis, we draw together an interdisciplinary literature to offer an agriculturally‐grounded, biocultural example of modern human adaptation and microevolution that addresses Ireland's comparatively high C282Y frequency. We argue that changing subsistence‐, diet‐, and nutrition‐related stressors framed under colonial governance played a role shaping the biology of Ireland's population historically, maintaining the C282Y variant. A population accustomed to challenges of poverty and difficult living conditions, the Irish fell under the influence of massive ecological stress with the fungus (Phytophthora infestans), the failed potato crops, and the Great Famine of 1845–52. From there, in the post‐Famine era, diet and nutrition altered further as the potato was exchanged for gluten‐rich wheaten bread and stewed black tea. With risks for iron deficiency anemia heightened by the cultural construction of diet and niche, an adaptive iron‐conserving advantage continued to be offered by the C282Y allele, influencing survival into the post‐Famine era. More recently, however, C282Y has been reframed as a potential risk in the context of contemporary, iron fortified diets.
Membrane Cholesterol Depletion Enhances Enzymatic Activity of Cell‐Membrane‐Coated Metal‐Organic‐Framework Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Kai Mingxuan , Duan Yaou , Zhou Zhidong , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang
Published: April 2022

Metal‐organic‐framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs) have been increasingly used to encapsulate therapeutic enzymes for delivery. To better interface these MOF NPs with biological systems, researchers have coated them with natural cell membranes, enabling biomimicking properties suitable for innovative biomedical applications. Herein, we report that the enzymatic activity of cell‐membrane‐coated MOF NPs can be significantly enhanced by reducing membrane cholesterol content. We demonstrate such cholesterol‐enzymatic activity correlation using zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 MOF NPs to encapsulate catalase, horseradish peroxidase, and organophosphate hydrolase, respectively. MOF NPs coated with membranes of human red blood cells or macrophages show similar outcomes, illustrating the broad applicability of this finding. The mechanistic investigation further reveals that reducing cholesterol levels effectively enhances membrane permeability likely responsible for the increased enzymatic activity. These results also imply a facile approach to tailoring the enzymatic activity of cell‐membrane‐coated MOF NPs by simply tuning the membrane cholesterol level.
Oxygen Vacancy Management for High‐Temperature Mesoporous SnO2 Electron Transport Layers in Printable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Jiale , Li Sheng , Liu Shuang , Chu Yanmeng , Ye Ting , Qiu Cheng , Qiu Zexiong , Wang Xiadong , Wang Yifan , Su Yaqiong , Hu Yue , Rong Yaoguang , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: April 2022

The planar SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) has contributed to the reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) record of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while the high‐temperature mesoporous SnO2 ETL (mp‐SnO2) brings poor device performance. Herein, we report the application of mp‐SnO2 for efficient printable PSCs via oxygen vacancy (OV) management by introducing magnesium (Mg) into the paste. We find that high‐temperature annealing suppresses self‐doping of SnO2 by reducing OVs. The introduced Mg occupies both the Sn site and interstitial site of SnO2 and promotes the formation of OVs. Lattice Mg tends to induce neutral OVs and interstitial Mg could promote the ionization of neutral OVs for self‐doping. The synergy effect on OVs increases the carrier density and upshifts the Fermi level energy of mp‐SnO2, ensuring its capability as the well‐performed ETL with trap‐less charge transport and suppressed surface recombination for dramatic improved device PCE from 6.62 % to 17.25 %.
Catalytic Synthesis of Formamides by Integrating CO2 Capture and Morpholine Formylation on Supported Iridium Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Danyang , Wang Meng , Tang Lipeng , Gao Zirui , Qin Xuetao , Gao Yongjun , Xiao Dequan , Zhou Wu , Ma Ding
Published: April 2022

Herein we report an efficient and recyclable catalytic system for tandem CO2 capture and N‐formylation to value‐added chemicals. CO2 is apt to be captured by morpholine solution, while a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst, isolated iridium atoms supported over nanadiamond/graphene, is discovered to be highly reactive for the formylation of morpholine, leading to the formation of N‐formylmorpholine with excellent productivity (with a turnover number of 5 120 000 in a single batch reaction) and selectivity (>99 %). In addition, the CO2 captured by morpholine under atmospheric conditions can be converted to N‐formylmorpholine with decent conversion (51 %), which realizes the integration of CO2 capture and conversion to value‐added chemicals.
Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking studies of novel thiazolyl–hydrazone derivatives as histone lysine acetyl‐transferase inhibitors and apoptosis inducers
Authors: Abbas Eman M. H. , Farghaly Thoraya A. , Sabour Rehab , Shaaban Mohamed R. , Abdallah Zeinab A.
Published: April 2022

Compounds containing both thiazole and arylsulfone moieties are recognized for their high biological activity and ability to fight a variety of ailments. Thus, in this context, new derivatives of (thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazone with an arylsulfone moiety were synthesized as CPTH2 analogs with potent anti‐histone lysine acetyl‐transferase activity. Compounds 3, 4, 10b, and 11b showed an excellent inhibitory effect on P300 (E1A‐associated protein p300), compared to CPTH2. Among all the tested derivatives, compound 10b revealed the highest activity against both P300 and pCAF. In addition, the new hits were tested for anticancer efficacy against two leukemia cell lines. Most of them showed a moderate to potent antitumor effect on the k562 and CCRF‐CEM cell lines. Interestingly, the activity of compound 10b against the k562 cell line was found to be higher than that of CPTH2. Furthermore, it showed a good safety profile, better than CPTH2 on normal cells. Molecular docking analysis was carried out to reveal the crucial binding contacts in the inhibition of the P300 and pCAF enzymes.
Density functional theory study on the reductive elimination of ancillary ligand at PPC nickel complexes
Authors: Kim Yongseong , Cho Hyun , Hwang Sungu
Published: April 2022

Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the reactions between an alkyl (or aryl) substrate and a pincer ligand at the κ3‐PPC Ni center, where reductive elimination or H elimination reactions occur. Ni complexes with PPC‐type pincer ligand showed different reactivity toward substrate, unlike conventional PCP‐type ligands. For substrates lacking β‐hydrogen, reductive elimination is preferred over completing α‐hydrogen elimination. For ethyl substrate, an intermediate and a TS for β‐H transfer with Gibbs free energy comparable to the reductive elimination were located.
Molecular landscape of TP53 mutations in breast cancer and their utility for predicting the response to HER‐targeted therapy in HER2 amplification‐positive and HER2 mutation‐positive amplification‐negative patients
Authors: Liu Binliang , Yi Zongbi , Guan Yanfang , Ouyang Quchang , Li Chunxiao , Guan Xiuwen , Lv Dan , Li Lixi , Zhai Jingtong , Qian Haili , Xu Binghe , Ma Fei , Zeng Yixin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

We used targeted capture sequencing to analyze TP53‐mutated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic breast cancer patients and to determine whether TP53 mutation has predictive value for anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) treatment for in HER2 amplification‐positive patients (HER2+) and HER2 mutation‐positive, amplification‐negative (HER2−/mut) patients.

Patients and Methods

TP53 mutation features were analyzed in the Geneplus cohort (n = 1184). The MSK‐BREAST cohort was used to explore the value of TP53 mutation in predicting anti‐HER‐2 antibody efficacy. Sequencing of ctDNA in phase Ib, phase Ic, phase II clinical trials of pyrotinib (HER2+ patients), and an investigator‐initiated phase II study of pyrotinib (HER2−/mut patients) were performed to analyze the relationships between TP53 mutation and prognosis for HER2 TKIs. The MSK‐BREAST cohort, MutHER, and SUMMIT cohort were used for verification.

Results

TP53 mutations were detected in 53.1% (629/1184) of patients in the Geneplus cohort. The TP53 mutation rate was higher in HR‐negative (p < 0.001) and HER2 amplification‐positive (p = 0.015) patients. Among patients receiving anti‐HER2 antibody therapy, those whose tumors carried TP53 mutations had a shorter PFS (p = 0.004). However, the value of TP53 mutation in predicting HER2 TKI response was inconsistent. In HER2+ patients, no difference in PFS was observed among patients with different TP53 statuses in the combined analysis of the pyrotinib phase Ib, phase Ic, and phase II clinical trials (p = 1.00) or in the MSK‐BREAST cohort (p = 0.62). In HER2−/mut patients, TP53 mutation‐positive patients exhibited a trend toward worse prognosis with anti‐HER2 TKI treatment than TP53‐wild‐type patients in our investigator‐initiated phase II study (p = 0.15), and this trend was confirmed in the combined analysis of the MutHER and SUMMIT cohorts (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

TP53 mutation can be used to identify biomarkers of anti‐HER2 antibody drug resistance in HER2+ patients and HER2 TKI resistance in HER2−/mut patients.
Multicenter study of re‐irradiation using carbon‐ions for head and neck malignancies after photon radiotherapy
Authors: Takahashi Daiki , Demizu Yusuke , Koto Masashi , Kubo Nobuteru , Suefuji Hiroaki , Ikawa Hiroaki , Ohno Tatsuya , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Okimoto Tomoaki , Tsuji Hiroshi ,   the Japan Carbon‐Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The goal of this multicenter retrospective study of patients with head and neck malignancies was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon‐ion (C‐ion) radiotherapy (RT) after photon RT.

Methods

We enrolled 56 patients with head and neck malignancies who underwent re‐irradiation (re‐RT) using C‐ions between November 2003 and March 2019, treated previously with photon RT. The tumors at re‐RT were located in the sinonasal cavities (n = 20, 35.7%), skull base (n = 12, 21.4%), and orbit (n = 7, 12.5%). The tumors at the initial RT were located in the sinonasal cavities (n = 13, 23.2%), skull base (n = 9, 16.1%), and orbit (n = 9, 16.1%). The median period between the initial RT and re‐RT was 41 (4–568) months. The most common histology of re‐RT was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 11, 19.6%). The most commonly used protocol was 57.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions (n = 23, 41.1%). Surgery preceded re‐RT in three patients (5.4%). One patient with malignant melanoma received concurrent chemotherapy.

Results

The 2‐year local control, progression‐free survival, and overall survival rates were 66.5%, 36.9%, and 67.9%, respectively. The median follow‐up time was 28 months. Two patients (3.6%) developed grade ≥ 3 acute toxicities, and 14 (25.0%) developed grade ≥ 3 late toxicities. A single patient had confirmed grade 5 dermatitis with infection.

Conclusion

Re‐RT using C‐ions for head and neck malignancies after photon RT is an effective treatment with tolerable toxicity.
Full‐mouth rehabilitation choices depending on amelogenesis imperfecta's type: A familial case report
Authors: Mascarell Salomé , Citterio Hélène , Martiano Victor , Friedlander Lisa
Published: April 2022

Amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare disease, represents inherited, congenital defects that primarily affect enamel with esthetic and functional impairment affecting everyday life. We present oral rehabilitation of a mother and her son, respectively, suffering from an hypoplastic and an hypocalcified form of AI.
Chest pain and coronary endothelial dysfunction after recovery from COVID‐19: A case series
Authors: Shah Samit M. , Odanovic Natalija , Kunnirickal Steffne , Feher Attila , Pfau Steven E. , Spatz Erica S.
Published: April 2022

Endothelial cell damage related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been described in multiple vascular beds, and many survivors of COVID‐19 report chest pain. This case series describes two previously healthy middle‐aged individuals who survived COVID‐19 and were subsequently found to have symptomatic coronary endothelial dysfunction months after initial infection.
Oropharynx cancer after sleep apnea surgery
Authors: Shires Courtney Brooke , Sebelik Merry
Published: April 2022

Surgery can treat sleep apnea. An elderly male underwent lingual/palatine tonsillectomy for OSA. He was then found to have T3N2 p16+ squamous cell carcinoma. He is receiving chemoradiation. Recognition of occult malignancy in tonsillectomy specimens may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for patients following sleep apnea surgery.
Extraction and Characterization of Humic Acid Based on Coal Mining Waste
Authors: Nazarbek Ulzhalgas , Abdurazova Perizat , Raiymbekov Yerkebulan
Published: April 2022

Humic acid obtained from coal mining waste from the Lenger deposit was studied. Potassium humates were extracted from the raw material using potassium hydroxide. Hydrochloric acid at various concentrations was used for acid sedimentation of humic acids. Experimental data were obtained describing the effect of the HCl concentration and the sedimentation time on the organogenic composition of humic acid and on its acidic characteristics. Organogenic elements, carboxyl groups, and acid values were determined. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with absorption bands in the range of 4000–600 cm−1, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize the feedstock and the obtained products.
Comparative Study of the Synthesis of sub‐10 nm Carbon‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles and their Suitability for Methanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Dieterich Emil , Kinkelin Simon‐Johannes , Bron Michael
Published: April 2022

Gold nanoparticles where synthesized and supported on carbon, or directly synthesized on carbon according to five different methods reported in literature, aiming at particles<10 nm. Characterization was done with transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Although all syntheses yielded particles with an average diameter<10 nm, the formation of few very large particles, where a relatively large amount of Au is buried, as well as loss during the supporting procedure led to the exclusion of four of the five tested methods for further studies. The most promising AuNPs supported on carbon where tested for the methanol electrooxidation (MEO) in alkaline media. Four different Au‐loadings where realized, and supporting led to moderate particle growth depending on the loading. To compare MEO activity of the samples with different Au‐loadings a conversion factor was developed where the MEO activity can be compared in terms of NP size and Au‐loading.
Applying Intel's oneAPI to a machine learning case study
Authors: Martínez Pablo Antonio , Peccerillo Biagio , Bartolini Sandro , García José Manuel , Bernabé Gregorio
Published: April 2022

Different technologies and approaches exist to work around the performance portability problem. Companies and academia work together to find a way to preserve performance across heterogeneous hardware using a unified language, one language to rule them all. Intel's oneAPI appears with this idea in mind. In this article, we try the new Intel solution to approach heterogeneous programming, choosing machine learning as our case study. More precisely, we choose Caffe, a machine learning framework that was created six years ago. Nevertheless, how would it be to make Caffe again from the beginning, using a fresh new technology like oneAPI? In terms of not only the ease of programming‐because only one source code would be needed to deploy Caffe to CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, and accelerators (platforms that oneAPI currently supports)‐but also performance, where oneAPI may be capable of taking advantage of specific hardware automatically. Is Intel's oneAPI ready to take the leap?