bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Orbital Cellulitis with Periorbital Abscess and Rhinosinusitis in Older Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series
Authors: Susiyanti Made , Hartono Michael , Pintary Marsha Rayfa
Published: October 2022

Background

In this observational case series, we describe two cases of orbital cellulitis with periorbital abscess and rhinosinusitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orbital cellulitis is an ocular emergency because it’s not only sight- but also life-threatening if not properly treated.

Case Report

Two female patients presented to our hospital with progressive swelling and pain in the right eye. Ophthalmological examination of both patients showed diffuse inflammatory signs from the upper eyelid to the lower eyelid with pus production. A multidisciplinary approach including ENT, dermato-venereology, internist-endocrinologist, dentistry, and plastic reconstructive surgery departments was accomplished to achieve proper management. Both patients were diagnosed with orbital cellulitis, periorbital abscess, rhinosinusitis, diabetes mellitus, and dental problem. In the first case, initial empiric antibiotic therapy was given for two days, but there was no clinical improvement. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and debridement were performed on the 4th day of hospitalization. There was a significant improvement after the surgery and a new regimen of antibiotics (piperacillin-sulbactam 4x4.5 g intravenously and clindamycin 3x600 mg orally). The pus culture showed Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter cloacae which were sensitive to piperacillin-sulbactam. In the second case, improvement was significant with given antibiotics medication (ampicillin-sulbactam 4x1.5 gram, and metronidazole 3x500 mg intravenously). The pus culture revealed no growth of bacteria, but gram-positive cocci were positive in the gram staining examination.

Conclusion

Multidisciplinary team plays a critical role in managing orbital cellulitis with periorbital abscess, rhinosinusitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus to achieve a better prognosis and visual outcome.
Insights into the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral-Host interaction and Immune Response
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Orwa Titus Okello , Kaumbutha Charles Mwangi
Published: October 2022

Even as the world eases into the COVID-19 pandemic, new variants of the virus keep sprouting and destabilizing normal routines. Initially, to arrest the high transmission of SARS CoV-2, non-pharmaceutical approaches were utilised, as other interventions such as development of vaccines were being explored. Fortunately, the urgency to control the crisis prompted the vaccine development process to be expedited. Concurrently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Remdesivir to treat specific demographics of COVID-19 patients. Despite these measures, progressive studies are still providing fresh knowledge. Quantitative approaches have provided useful insights in understanding key aspects of SARS CoV-2. In this paper, we developed and analysed a mathematical model to describe the evolution of the virus, its interaction with immune cells, importance of immune response and potential targets for drug development. Model analysis suggests that a greater efficacy of immune cells significantly reduces the viral load. Further, numerical results suggests that inhibiting the progression of latently infected cells to productively infected cells is paramount and this can be achieved by using viral transcriptase inhibitors. We suggest that these fusion inhibitors together with the use of approved vaccines and re-purposed antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir and Baricitinib will have a great impact in controlling the severity of the virus in case of subsequent attacks. Simulations results indicate that a lower vaccine efficacy requires booster shots to augment circulating antibodies necessary to nullify the virus. This model of in-host SARS CoV-2 dynamics has therefore provided knowledge useful to encourage the development of antiviral drugs focused on inhibiting transcription hence arresting viral replication.
Multiple Wolbachia subpopulations co-occur in single Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Schrieke Hans , Duron Olivier , Eren A. Murat , Reveillaud Julie
Published: October 2022

Background
Wolbachia is a maternally inherited intracellular bacterium that infects a wide range of arthropods including mosquitoes. The endosymbiont is widely used in biocontrol strategies due to its capacity to modulate the arthropod reproduction and to limit pathogen transmission.
Results
While most studies assume that Wolbachia infections are mono-clonal within individual hosts, we show here that an ancestral Wolbachia can evolve to a set of closely related, but genetically distinct, subpopulations which coexist within the same hosts and are maternally transmitted to host progeny. To this aim, we reconstructed Wolbachia Metagenome-Assembled Genomes in naturally-infected single individual Culex pipiens mosquitoes from both ovary and midgut metagenomes for the first time and afforded Wolbachia population genomic analyses within and between single individuals. We observed consistent single nucleotide and amnio acid variations across samples that we also confirmed in egg metagenomes from geographical distant locations.
Conclusion
This study reveals the presence of multiple Wolbachia subpopulations co-existing in individual mosquitoes that could have critical importance for the good use of Wolbachia in basic and applied research.
Diminution of Liver Aminotransferase Enzymes Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Silymarin: A Case Report
Authors: Azargoonjahromi Ali
Published: October 2022

This article reports the case of a woman with chief complains of aching pain in the upper right of her abdomen, fatigue, and weakness. She had no medical history of any diseases, trauma, and other signs related to her complains. Both blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography revealed that she has been afflicted with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The medical procedure consisted of administering a polyphenolic flavonoid named silymarin, which have been pointed out that it has antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. After taking 30 days silymarin, her liver aminotransferase enzymes levels including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are considered criteria to diagnose NAFLD, decreased. Therefore, this result unifies this notion that silymarin can be deemed as a therapeutic agent to be used in NAFLD patients.
Praktiken von Hochschullehrenden im Umgang mit Open Educational Resources
Authors: Schröder Nadine , Donat Sophia
Published: October 2022

Open Educational Resources (OER) ermöglichen, digitale Lehr- und Lernmaterialien frei verfügbar und ohne Einschränkungen nutzbar zu machen. Daher haben OER grosses Potenzial, Lehre kollaborativ zu gestalten und zu entwickeln. Um die Nutzung von OER zu fördern und Hochschulehrende im Umgang mit OER unterstützen, ist es wichtig, auf deren Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen einzugehen. Dafür sind detaillierte Einblicke in Praktiken und Verhalten der Lehrenden bei der Verwendung und Überarbeitung von Materialien notwendig. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts vorgestellt, welches Nutzungsverhalten von OER durch Hochschullehrende identifiziert. Methodisch wurde eine Interviewstudie mit Hochschullehrenden über ihre praktischen Erfahrungen bei der Arbeit mit OER durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis wurden Anwendungstypen abgeleitet, die sich auf die OER-Aktivitäten bei der Erstellung, Nutzung, Bearbeitung und Veröffentlichung von Materialien beziehen. Hieraus konnten Optionen bei der Gestaltung von OER-Infrastrukturen und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für deren Nutzung ermittelt werden.
Strategies of Post-War Anomie’s Overcoming in the Fields of Social Interactions and Business
Authors: Hakobyan Naira , Dabaghyan Artak , Khachatryan Anna
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the general strategies of the post-war anomie’s overcoming in the fields of social interactions and business. The main purpose of the research is to study developmental features of the anomic behavior, and possible behavioral pathologies of people in business environment that can occur in post-war society. Investigation of this topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: at the initial stage of the research, an analysis of the main stages of the phenomenon of anomie in human life was carried out. Based on the analysis results, it is substantiated that a number of socio-psychological problems arise when social interactions are changed, and business environment is developed rapidly. This tendency is more visible in a post-war society. The aim of the research is the systematization of methodological approaches for implementations the psychological aid and work in mental correction and rehabilitation among people with anomic behavior, to prevent the deepening of the negative symptoms endangering emotional state and possible behavioral pathologies do not become deeper and endanger the whole society. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that the person with anomic behavior or marginal person falls into the psychological shock, which is characterized by the following aspects such as tensions caused by efforts to achieve the necessary psychological adaptation, emotion of loss and depreciation (friends, status, property and profession), feeling of rejection, violation of roles, role expectations, values, self-identification of emotions, existence of an unexpected alarm, hatred, disgust as a result of the realization of cultural differences and, finally, feeling of non-completeness due to failure to adapt to the new business environment. Based on the results of the study of various societies during the post-war period, the article identified strategies for overcoming social anomie in the spheres of social interactions and business. The main strategy types include unification strategy, professional specific orientations, disintegration of vital activities, retreat strategy, adventurism, anti-sublimation (humiliation behavior) and innovative strategy. The identification of strategic priorities for overcoming anomie, which are of practical meaning for productive business sphere management, should serve as the perspective directions for further research.
Performance of Different Lettuce Cultivars Grown Hydroponically under Fluorescent and Light-emitting Diode Light Growth Conditions
Authors: Nguyen Chi D. , Creech Matthew , Xiang Diying , Sandoya German , Kopsell Dean , Huo Heqiang
Published: October 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most consumed fresh vegetables in the United States. However, lettuce production is heavily limited to California and Arizona, posing a high risk to the supply chain. Hydroponic production is a soilless cultivation method and provides a sustainable alternative to growing lettuce in the field. Light is a critical factor in plant development, and light quality highly affects plant morphogenesis. The goals of this study were 2-fold, with the first to investigate the growth of 26 lettuce cultivars under a hydroponic system supplemented with fluorescent light to determine adaptability. Subsequently, the second goal was to determine how light-emitting diodes (LEDs) affect lettuce plant morphology and photosynthesis compared with fluorescent light for four lettuce cultivars. Results showed that 23 of 26 lettuce cultivars were grown successfully using a hydroponic system. However, lettuce grown under fluorescent light experienced stem elongation—a morphological response to low-light conditions known as shade avoidance syndrome. Stem elongation decreased significantly under LED light, whereas other morphological characteristics remained relatively the same between the two light treatments. Although there were no differences in dry weight and leaf area, the carbon assimilation rate increased significantly in lettuce cultivars Coastal Star, Muir, Green Butter, and Rouge d’Hiver when treated with LED light. Correspondingly, intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) decreased in these four lettuce cultivars under the LED light treatment. Our study results indicate that LED light increased photosynthetic activity and reduced stem elongation to enhanced lettuce quality.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Petrov V. S. , Zotova L. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) increases cardiovascular and overall mortality in comparison with patients without breathing disorders during sleep.

Aim of study. Assessment of prevalence and dynamics of OSAS in patients with CHF due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

Materials and methods. The study included 172  patients with RHD. OSAS was assessed using a  cardiorespiratory monitor “Kardiotekhnika-04-3Р (M)”.

Results and discussion. Analysis of echocardiography results of showed a significant increase in the linear dimensions of the LV: for LVED B = 0.020 (0.013; 0.027), p = 0.001, R2  = 0.087; for LVES B = 0.017 (0.010; 0.024), p = 0.001, R2  = 0.073. An increase in the indices of  hypertrophy was also revealed  – LVPW and IVS: for  IVS B  = 0.008  (0.006; 0.010), p  = 0.001, R2   = 0.148; for  LVPW B = 0.006 (0.004; 0.08), p = 0.001, R2  = 0.087. The highest values of echocardiography indicators were achieved in the group with OSAS III, in comparison with patients without OSAS. significantly differed: for LVED – 0.86 cm, for LVES – 0.56 cm, for IVS – 0.41 cm, for  LVPW  – 0.34  cm. but there was also the  maximum distance of  the 6-minute walk test  – 390.02  (360.15; 419.88) meters. Assessment of the quality of life according to the summary scales of the questionnaires showed a higher level of quality of life in the group without OSAS according to the physical health SF-36 (B = -0.100 (-0.169; -0.031), p = 0.005, R2  = 0.029), mental health SF-36 B = 0.120 (-0.091; 0.115), p = 0.821) and according to overall summary score KCCQ (B = -0.289 (-0.473; -0.105), p = 0.002, R2  = 0.036).

Conclusion. In the dynamics over 10 years, in patients with RHD, there was an increase in the number of episodes of obstructive and central apnea, an increase in the frequency of episodes of apnea / hypopnea with desaturation and snoring. However, a significant increase was achieved only in the case of obstructive sleep apnea episodes – by 14.60 episodes.
Features of laboratory parameters in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 against the background of diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure
Authors: Plotnikova E. Yu. , Sinkov M. A. , Isakov L. K. , Sinkova M. N. , Tarasova A. Yu. , Zolotukhina V. N.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. New waves of different virus genotypes regularly roll across the globe. Recent studies show the most serious prognosis for patients with known cardiovascular disease, indicating a possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increase in new cases of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes regardless of the severity of the pathology. If this trend is true, with hundreds of millions of infected patients the disease burden might presage a potentially alarming rise of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in the future.

The aim is to study the laboratory test results of patients with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic heart failure.

Materials and methods. A  total of  51  patients with a  verified diagnosis of  moderately severe novel coronovirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure were included in the study. All patients underwent quantitative laboratory blood tests. Correlation analysis was carried out using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results and discussion. In our opinion, the most interesting were numerous correlations between glucose levels and internal organs and systems dysfunction markers: with bilirubin levels, international normalized ratios, creatinine levels, with carbon dioxide (ctCO2 ) levels, bases (BE) levels, with the bicarbonate (HCO3  act) levels. The most pronounced (rs  = 0.74) was the correlation between glucose levels and basophil counts, which may suggest a  possible effect of  hypersensitivity mechanisms on the severity of hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions. The hyperglycemia level indicates the severity of not only metabolic acidosis, but also the internal organs and systems dysfunction in patients with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
The clinical case of non-compact left ventricular myocardium in combination with restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baranov S. A. , Nechaev V. M. , Fadeeva M. V.
Published: October 2022

In this paper the information about a comparatively rare form of cardiomyopathy – noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium is showed. As a result of genetical changes on the early stages of embryogenesis a disability of myocardial fibres develops, and two-layer myocardial structure is formed: thin compact layer and remaining more voluminous non-compact layer with significant trabeculation and deep intratrabecular cavities communicated with ventricular cavity. Mutations in  genes which encode sarcomeric, structural and regulatory proteins and proteins, which are responsible for ion channels functioning, are considered to be one of the main reasons of non-compact myocardium. There is a theory that considers a non-compact myocardium as a result of an exposure of various factors during lifetime – so-called non-embryonal (acquired) noncompaction myocardium. “Non-embryonal” hypothesis views non-compact myocardium as a sign of functional maladaptation, possible stage in cardiomyopathy development. By way of illustration the clinical case of 32-year-old female patient is presented in the article. The noncompaction of  the left ventricular myocardium in  conjunction with restrictive cardiomyopathy was first diagnosed in  her. The  diagnosis was confirmed by main diagnostic methods for  this pathology such as echocardiography and MRI of  a  heart. This clinical observation is interesting due to formation of disease patterns by two rare combined pathological conditions: noncompaction of the myocardium syndrome and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Changes of heart hemodynamics occurs in interaction between these pathologies. Diastolic filling of left ventricular decreases as a result of restrictive cardiomyopathy, which leads to decreasing of its myocardium load. Therefore, systolic disfunction, which is specific to non-compact myocardium, doesn’t occur. Generally, prognosis for this patient is poor due to presence of two serious pathologies.
Effects of nocebo and drusebo in determining statin-induced muscle symptoms
Authors: Leonova M. V.
Published: October 2022

Statins represent an important class of cardiovascular drugs for the prevention of atherogenic complications. However, despite the effectiveness of statins, non-adherence and discontinuation of therapy with these drugs is a problem worldwide. Reasons for not using statins in patients at high CV risk include statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), which are not usually associated with significant elevations of serum creatine kinase. SAMS are the most common side effects of statins: 3–5% in RCTs, 15–20% in observational studies, and 60% in patient surveys. This range is possibly due to misinterpretation of symptoms, as well as patients’ expectation of harm from statin treatment (“statin fear”). The article highlights the problem of studying the role of nocebo and drusebo effects for SAMS, presents differences in definitions and methods of detection. The concept of the drucebo effect was proposed by the International Lipid Expert Group (ILEP, 2018) as a harm to the patient, unrelated to the pharmacological action of the drug (negative effect of the drucebo). The results of studies and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of nocebo and drusebo for SAMS are presented, in which no difference was found in the frequency and severity of muscle symptoms between statin and placebo; the nocebo rate was 90% of the statin effect, and the contribution of the drusebo effect to SAMS and statin discontinuation ranged from 38 to 78%. Also presented are current international guidelines and principles of patient management aimed at preventing discontinuation of statin use in connection with SAMS.
Anemia, erythrocytosis and iron deficiency as prognostic markers of chronic heart failure development
Authors: Abrosimova N. V. , Meshcherina N. S. , Leonteva T. S. , Stepchenko M. A.
Published: October 2022

In guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and acute heart failure 2021 authors have written necessity of regular checkup of all patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) to identify anemia or iron deficiency. The prevalence of anemia in patients with CHF varies significantly depending on the clinical characteristics of the studied population and the criteria for the diagnosis of anemia from 4 to 75%. Frequency of iron deficiency without anemia, according to various studies, achieve 55% of cases. In the literature, data are increasingly appearing that even mild anemia and iron deficiency are associated with worsening symptoms, decreased exercise tolerance. They can provoke increasing of numbers of hospitalizations of patients with CHF, and decreasing of their quality of life and increasing rate of mortality. In this paper a number of factors determining iron deficiency in patients with CHF are analyzed. The article also assesses the current state of the problem of the dependence of the presence of anemic syndrome and the gender-age characteristics of patients with CHF, observed in  a  number of  studies, which remains quite contradictory to date. The results of  the study of  the mechanisms of development of secondary erythrocytosis and the course of CHF against the background of anemic syndrome, iron deficiency conditions, relative erythrocytosis are presented, promising directions of drug correction are reflected. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the possibility of using iron supplementation as part of the management of patients with CHF and iron deficiency status are presented. It was noted that using of an injectable form of iron carboxymaltosate in patients with CHF and low EF improves the functional class of CHF according to NYHA, quality of life, tolerance to physical activity, as well as contributes to an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction and its final systolic volume.
Personalized target therapy for severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis
Authors: Demko I. V. , Sobko E. A. , Shestakova N. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Bronchial asthma is a  current problem of  health care in  connection with high prevalence and heterogeneity of  a  disease. Development and deployment in clinical practice of genetically engineered biological medicines for treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic bronchial asthma allowed to change cardinally the course of a disease and to considerably improve quality of life of such patients. The presented clinical case focuses on the experience of using benralizumab, an interleukin-5 receptor antagonist in a patient with T2-endotype of severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis. The diagnosis of bronchial asthma was established to the patient in 36 years. The patient had the burdened allergological personal and family anamnesis, intolerance of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medicines, polyps in a nose were revealed later. It is known that the clinical phenotype of a combination of bronchial asthma to a polypous rhinosinusitis is difficult for treatment in connection with the inflammation which was more expressed, difficult giving in to control in airways. Over time the course of a disease was made heavier, control of symptoms was lost and, despite the therapy volume corresponding to the 5th step on GINA, including reception of system glucocorticosteroids, an exception of all factors interfering achievement of control regular symptoms and frequent aggravations remained. In accordance with the Federal Guidelines, the patient was prescribed targeted therapy with benralizumab, which suppresses eosinophilic inflammation in the respiratory tract. During the treatment, a rapid significant improvement in the patient’s condition was noted in the form of a decrease in asthma symptoms, normalization of spirography indicators, and cessation of exacerbations. The persistent clinical effect allowed to abandon the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids without losing control of  the disease. There were no adverse reactions to the  drug administration. Thus, therapy with benralizumab in patients with the T2-endotype of severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis is safe and highly effective and allows it to be recommended for widespread use in clinical practice.
COVID-19 and lung damage in obese patients: results of a prospective study
Authors: Buchneva A. V. , Chichkova N. V. , Fominykh E. V. , Krupochkina N. V. , Fomin V. V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection continues to be an urgent health problem worldwide. At the moment, the consequences of the transferred COVID-19 need to be studied.

Objective. To study the clinical features, the severity of lung damage in patients with different body weights, 12 weeks after a new coronavirus infection with lung damage.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 52 patients (28 women, 24 men, aged 63.4 ± 13.3 years [30–84 years], hospitalized in the therapeutic department of the Sechenov University UKB No. 1 3 months after COVID-19 with lung damage > 50%. The need for respiratory support, the degree of lung tissue damage were assessed according to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), the results of spirometry with DLCO, data from a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). The analysis of the indicators was carried out taking into account the body mass index (BMI), which was used as a criterion for determining overweight and obesity.

Results. In obese patients, 12 weeks after the disease, shortness of breath and cough were more common. It was revealed that a high BMI significantly affected the diffusion capacity of the lungs in patients after COVID-associated pneumonia, the preservation of pathological patterns according to the results of HRCT. Conclusions. Obesity is not only a risk factor for the severe course of COVID–19, but also in many ways the reason determining the long-term rehabilitation of patients after infection.
New options for severe asthma
Authors: Kraposhina A. Yu. , Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V. , Katser A. B. , Kazmerchuk O. V. , Abramov Yu. I. , Chubarova S. V.
Published: October 2022

The review provides current data on new options for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma ranges from 3% to 10%, but it is for the treatment of this group of patients that more than 80% of the funds allocated for the treatment of the disease as a whole are spent. Patients with severe bronchial asthma make up a special category, since traditional therapy, effective in most patients with bronchial asthma, does not allow controlling the disease. Heterogeneity and multivariate disease dictate the need to develop a personalized approach, which is impossible without significant financial and personnel investments. Understanding the pathogenetic pathways underlying the development of inflammation in asthma was the impetus for  the development of  targeted therapies. Five genetically engineered immunobiological drugs have been developed and approved for  patients with severe allergic and/or eosinophilic bronchial asthma. The choice of  the right medication should depend on the correct diagnosis of severe asthma, understanding the patient’s endotype, and accounting for patient-specific factors. It is worth noting that all approved biologics and most biologics currently in development focus on T2-immune response. To be sure, there is a huge pool of patients who register a different type of inflammation. And therefore, despite the rapid development of knowledge in the field of targeted therapy of bronchial asthma, further decoding and deepening of knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, in particular non-T2 inflammation, as well as an analysis of the experience of using existing drugs to clearly understand the indications, as well as to assess the effectiveness and safety of existing treatments.
Mannitol therapy for children with cystic fibrosis: efficacy and safety
Authors: Simonova O. I. , Gorinova Yu. V. , Vysokolova O. V. , Mukhina M. A. , Yakushina E. E.
Published: October 2022

The article describes the mechanisms of mucostasis and lung damage in cystic fibrosis. Types of mucolytic therapy and importance of inhalation therapy are considered. The authors presented their own classification of mucoactive agents. The principle of action, advantages and efficacy of mucoactive drugs based on the mannitol molecule are discussed based on the results of multicenter randomized clinical trials, including those conducted in children with cystic fibrosis. The authors present their own experience in the use of mannitol at the Morozovsky Municipal Children Clinical Hospital and 42 BIDA tests for its tolerability, of which 38 tests were passed satisfactorily. We present various clinical cases demonstrating the failure of a tolerance test due to increased signs of respiratory failure (dyspnea), an example of a repeat test 8 months later with satisfactory results, the development of hemoptysis in a patient seen in the pulmonology department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health. The case was described in an adolescent, and after mannitol inhalation was added to the existing basic therapy, there was a clear positive trend in flowmetry: FEV1-74% (a significant increase of 14%). Thus, the authors noted that mannitol is effective in children with cystic fibrosis over 6 years of age; its use is characterized by good compliance and general adherence to therapy due to convenience of use: no need for additional technical means to perform inhalation in the form of solutions outside the home and saving overall free time. An important observation noted by the authors is that the BIDA test should be performed in complete clinical and laboratory remission to obtain objective results.
Complex therapy recovered after infectious diseases
Authors: Vakulenko O. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. At the present time, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remains at a high level. Some patients who have undergone ARVI and COVID-19 have been disturbed by astheno-neurotic syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome for quite a long time.

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety dietary supplement treatment in the rehabilitation of patients recovered after acute respiratory viral infections.

Materials and methods. We have examined 50  patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infections  (38  people) and COVID-19 (12 people). Age of patients: from 25 years to 60 years old, average age 35 ± 11.84 years old. All patients were randomized into two study groups: the  first group  (25  people) received a  biologically active food supplement and the  second group (25 people) did not receive such complex. Сomplex was prescribed to the participants of the first group in amount of two capsules once a day. The course of therapy was 14 days. Before and after taking, all patients were assessed for shortness of breath on the MRC scale, depression on the Beck scale, chronic fatigue syndrome on the FAS scale, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed as well.

Results. In the course of the observation, no significant difference between the groups was recorded in the dynamics of the state of assessment for dyspnea, depression and hemoglobin level. The average level of CRP before taking in the first group was 4.4 mg/l (from 0 to 22 mg/l), in the second – 3.8 mg/l (from 0 to 14 mg/l). When comparing the dynamics in the first group, there was more pronounced decrease in the level of CRP. In the first group, decrease in manifestations of pathological fatigue was revealed, characterized by decrease in FAS scores compared to the control group, where the number of scores, on the contrary, increased.

Conclusions. Сomplex has a corrective effect on astheno-neurotic symptoms after suffering from acute respiratory viral infections or post-COVID syndrome.
Determination of water requirement and crop coefficient for strawberry using lysimeter experiment in a semi-arid climate
Authors: Amini Ata , Karami Farhad , Sedri Mohammad Hossein , Khaledi Valeh
Published: October 2022

This research is aimed at measuring the water requirement, crop coefficient, and strawberry canopy coverage for efficient water consumption management. Two volumetric lysimeters were installed during the growing season of 2018 and 2019 at an agricultural research station in Kurdistan provinces, Iran. In one of the lysimeters, the grass crop was cultivated as the reference crop. Queen Elisa, the dominant strawberry cultivar of the study area, was planted in the other lysimeter. To determine the crop coefficient, strawberry and grass evapotranspiration at different stages of plant growth was measured and evaluated. The results showed that the average evapotranspiration of strawberries was 3.8 mm/day and the amount of water consumed during the whole growing season was 873.4 mm. The evapotranspiration of grass was calculated as 1143.5 mm with an average of 4.7 mm/day. Initial, middle, and ultimate crop coefficients were measured as 0.45, 0.86, and 0.8, respectively. During the growing season, the strawberry canopy cover increased by 73% and then decreased by 65%. There was a linear relationship (R2 = 0.94) between crop coefficient and strawberry canopy coverage.
Maternal risk factors for a child’s health prior to and during pregnancy (results of long-term cohort monitoring in Vologda region)
Authors:   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 56A Gorky Str., Vologda, 160014, Russian Federation, Shmatova Yu.Е. , Razvarina I.N. ,   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 56A Gorky Str., Vologda, 160014, Russian Federation, Gordievskaya А.N. ,   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 56A Gorky Str., Vologda, 160014, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The work presents the results of the 26-year monitoring with its focus on children’s health. Pre-school children living in the Vologda region were selected as a research object. The aim was to assess health risks for children caused by certain maternal factors and conditions. The study was accomplished as an intra-cohort analysis of data on 1454 children from five cohorts (born in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2014 and 2020) by calculating a relative risk rate. Negative effects produced by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and environmental conditions as well as maternal harmful occupational factors during pregnancy are significant health risk factors for a child. It is true not only for the neonatal period but also during pre-school years. Such health-related factors as stillbirths in case history, complications of a present pregnancy (up-to-date reproductive technologies being applied to achieve it, eclampsia, multiple pregnancy, dangerous fetus position, prematurity, postmaturity, anemia, edemas, protein in urine) and birth (rapid labor, use of vacuum extraction) do the most severe damage to a child’s health at birth and their influence persists as a child grows. Other significant risk factors that influence children’s health in their pre-school years include diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine systems diagnosed in a mother prior to pregnancy; a mother being single; low incomes; electromagnetic radiation at a place where a family lives; harmful working conditions at a mother’s workplace (gases in workplace air, work on a conveyor belt, radiation exposure). A mother’s young age is also a health risk factor for a fetus during the prenatal period but its influence reduces as a child grows. In contrast, if a mother is older than 40, this factor protects a child’s health during pregnancy but increases likelihood of retarded neuropsychic development by the school age (due to a mother’s low health potential). Overwhelming majority of health risk factors we detected in this study are quite manageable. Our results can be used in creating programs aimed at preserving health of a mother and a child at any level, from individual to national one.
Effects of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes on blood metal levels in non-ferrous metal alloy smelter operators
Authors:   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Shaikhova D.R. , Amromina A.M. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Bereza I.A. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Shastin A.S. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Gazimova V.G. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Sutunkova M.P. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation, Gurvich V.B. ,   Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popova Str., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Heavy metal ions are known to induce generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in adaptation and response to oxidative stress. GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes have numerous described polymorphisms, the most significant being GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val deletion ones. Our objective was to study the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 genes and blood levels of metals in smelter operators engaged in crude lead refining. We examined 55 male lead-refining furnace operators working at a non-ferrous metal alloy plant. Blood metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms were determined using real-time SYBR Green qPCR and that of GSTP1 Ile105Val – using a commercial SNP Screening Kit. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Mann – Whitney U-test. Blood levels of industry-specific metals were not statistically different between the workers with GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes. We established, however, that men with the null genotype of GSTM1 had significantly higher blood arsenic levels. Our findings indicate that a high blood arsenic level associated with occupational exposure may be attributed to the GSTM1 null genotype. This observation can be used to identify the most vulnerable groups of individuals at risk of overexposure to arsenic.
Plan de ventas de vino blanco de arroz (Riso) de la empresa vinos y licores artesanales del norte para incursionar en el mercado internacional
Authors: Guerrero-Duran Tania , Mera-Ramírez Oscar Arnulfo , Panizo-Cardona Cesar Augusto
Published: October 2022

El siguiente trabajo investigativo consiste en formular un plan estratégico de internacionalización para la exportación de vinos y licores artesanales, aprovechando que el departamento del Norte de Santander, Colombia, tiene alto potencial en el sector hortofrutícola. El vino es un producto que se caracteriza por su enorme fragmentación y enfoque, el color y la variedad de la materia prima utilizada, que da lugar a un amplio abanico de variedades de vinos y de distintos precios. Es aquí donde la empresa Vinos y Licores Artesanales del Norte ve un potencial. Para el desarrollo del objetivo principal, el cual consiste en proponer un plan estratégico de internacionalización para la exportación de vino blanco de arroz (riso) en el municipio de Chinácota, Norte de Santander, se plantean unos objetivos claves como son: elaborar un estudio de mercado para el vino blanco de arroz (riso), identificando su mercado objetivo; determinar la capacidad productiva y exportable de la empresa Vinos y Licores Artesanales del Norte; definir los costos, los tiempos y la distribución física internacional para el proceso de internacionalización del vino blanco de arroz (riso); y proponer estrategias de internacionalización para el vino blanco de arroz (riso).
Prevalence and Impact of Co-infection in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Pu Chan Yeu , Elahi Morvarid , Rowley James A. , Samavati Lobelia
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To determine the epidemiology and impact of co-infection on COVID-19 pneumonia in critical care setting.

Methods:

This was a single center- retrospective study of COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to intensive care unit between March 2020-April 2021. Only patients with microbiological evaluation of blood, respiratory, or urine culture data were included. Community onset bacterial co-infection (COI) was defined as infection diagnosed within 48 hours and hospital acquired bacterial infection (HAI) after 48 hours of hospital admission. Both COI and HAI were further categorized into respiratory, blood or urinary sources. Demographics, laboratory and hospitalization outcomes were compared between patients with and without COI and HAI.

Results:

Among the 141 patients, COI was found in 25/132 patients (19%) and HAI in 41/109 patients (38%). COI was associated with younger age, lower body mass index (BMI) and being from nursing or long- term care facility. HAI was associated with longer length of hospital stay (29 vs 15 days). Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (31.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia (40.0%) were the most common cause of COI and HAI respectively. Overall, gram negative bacteria predominated in both community and hospital acquired pneumonia. Candida was the single most common cause of blood stream infection in HAI (23%). The hospital survival was not significantly different with or without COI.

Conclusion:

In the critical care setting, a significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 had COI and HAI, especially patients from nursing or long-term care facility. Antibiotic coverage for COI and HAI pneumonia should account for the increase in prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively.
Simulasi Pengaruh Phase Noise pada Kinerja Sistem Komunikasi Nirkabel Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Authors: Mustofa Ali , Priyono Wahju Adi
Published: October 2022

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) merupakan salah satu alternatif terbaik dalam mengurangi pengaruh lintas jamak pada komunikasi bergerak. OFDM mempunyai kelemahan, yaitu sensitivitas tinggi terhadap perubahan waktu pada kanal disebabkan efek Doppler, frekuensi offset carrier, dan phase noise. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja sistem OFDM terhadap phase noise dengan perbedaan jumlah subcarrier menggunakan modulasi Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan, dengan varians phase noise yang berbeda, phase noise dapat menyebabkan penurunan rasio sinyal terhadap noise (SNR) dan penurunan laju transmisi.
Implementasi Kebijakan Intervensi Gizi Spesifik sebagai Upaya Penanganan Stunting di Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Maulana Ilham Nur Hanifan , Sholihah Qomariyatus , Wike Wike
Published: October 2022

This study explain the implementation of spesific nutrition intervention policy in attempt of stunting handling refer to Malang Regent Act No. 33 of 2018 about Stunting Prevention Efforts. A qualitative-descriptive approach used to describe the policy implementation according to A Model of The Policy Implementation Process by Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn. Amid of COVID-19 pandemic, several spesific nutrition activities were not carried out due to health budget refocusing. However, the proponent of implement agent such as nutritionist officer in Puskesmas and village tocologist are the key actors in pursuance of stunting integration action timeline. In adaption to this situation, home visits and appointments are made to reach a wider target group. The need for technical regulations as a continuity of Malang Regent Act No. 33 of 2018 to accomodate the handling of stunting through spesific nutrition intervention during the time of pandemic optimally.
Evaluasi Program Pengembangan Kapasitas Aparatur Pemerintah Desa (Suatu Kajian Pelatihan Penyusunan RPJM Desa dan RKP Desa Kabupaten Bojonegoro pada Balai Besar Pemerintahan Desa di Malang)
Authors: Sari Yanuar Kartika , Sholihah Qomariyatus , Wanusmawatie Ike
Published: October 2022

This study aims to (a) describe and analyze the impact that occurred on the Village Government Apparatus "Training for the Preparation of the RPJM Desa and RKP Desa Bojonegoro Local Government" on their performance after attending the training at the Village Government Center in Malang (b) Describe and analyze the follow-up carried out Balai Besar Pemerintahan Desa di Malang in evaluating training programs to develop the capacity of the Village Government Apparatus. The results showed that the four stages for evaluating the Kirkpatrick model namely evaluating reactions, learning, behavior and results showed a significant impact on developing the capacity of village government officials in the training. After the evaluation is carried out, of course there are things that need to be improved so that follow-up steps are needed. The follow-up shows the involvement of structural, functional, and implementing officials at the Village Administration Center in Malang which contains several core things, such as facilities and infrastructure, modules, training methods, and trainers.
Desentralisasi dan Kapasitas Pemerintah dalam Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia di Indonesia
Authors: Kapriaji Mohamad Nurfajar , Siswidiyanto Siswidiyanto
Published: October 2022

This paper examines relationship between decentralization and human resourcedevelopment through the intermediary of government capacity that determines thesuccess of development after decentralization. The results of the study show thatdecentralization has been implemented well but there are side effects in the form ofmoney politics and dynasties in political decentralization, the lack of regions thatachieve independence in fiscal decentralization, and the low quality of employeesdue to employee recruitment that is still not optimal in administrativedecentralization. The capacity of the national government is only the capacity ofdistributive and horizontal cooperation that can be categorized as good, the capacityof the local government is only the capacity of horizontal cooperation within onelocal government which is included in the good category. Of the 5 models produced,4 (four) models show the condition of government capacity in the form of outputsand outcomes that can improve human resource development, while the other 1(one) model shows the opposite condition.