bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epidemiological trends of Biliary tract cancers in United States
Authors: Jiang Yong , Jiang Liyong , Li Feiyu , Li Qingbin , Yuan Shuai , Huang Songhan , Yan Xiangyu , Chen Ji , Fu Yingda , Li Hongxin , Li Shenhao , Liu Jun
Published: September 2022

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a series of heterogeneous malignancies that are broadly grouped based on the anatomical site where they arise into subtypes including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC).Methods and Results: The present study serves to provide an overview of the epidemiology of various biliary tract cancers (BTCs) based on data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000-2018. Differences in both incidence and mortality rates were observed for these distinct BTCs as a function of age, sex, ethnicity, and calendar year. In 2018, BTCs emerged as the 5th most prevalent form of alimentary tract cancer in US. While increasing trends were observed with respect to ICC incidence and associated mortality, the rates of GBC, ECC, and AVC have remained stable, as have the corresponding mortality rates. The most common and deadliest BTCs in 2018 were ICC and GBC among males and females, respectively. The ethnic groups exhibiting the highest incidence rates of these different BTCs were Black individuals for GBC, Asian and Pacific Islanders for ECC and AVC, and White or Asian and Pacific Islanders for ICC. The incidence of all of these forms of BTC rose with age. There were a few changes among BTCs in staging, locoregional surgical treatments, adjuvant therapies, and prognostic outcomes from 2000-2018.Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics, staging, locoregional surgical treatments, adjuvant therapies, and prognostic outcomes were distinct for each of these BTCs.
Primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the vulva with high tumor mutational burden and cancer-associated mutations: a case report
Authors: Sato Hanako , Murakami Kosuke , Otani Tomoyuki , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: September 2022

Background Vulvar cancer is a rare disease, accounting for about 5% of gynecological malignancies. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the vulva is extremely rare, and details regarding its origin and related genetic mutations are unknown. Treatment options for this cancer have not been defined. Case presentation A 63-year-old Japanese woman came to the hospital because she was aware of a vulvar mass. There was a 1 cm mass on the dorsal side of the vulva, just outside the remains of the hymen. Biopsy revealed suspected adenocarcinoma, and wide local excision was performed. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. No other primary lesions were found, and the vulva was considered the primary site. The Gene panel test (FoundationOneCDx assay) showed a high tumor mutational burden and gene mutations in TP53, KEL, RB1, RNF43, PTEN, GNAS, and PIK3CA. ConclusionsIn cases of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the vulva, it may be helpful to check tumor mutational burden and gene mutations for treatment selection.
Effect of Permeability on Micropolar Fluid with Nanoparticles Flowing Through a Core Region in a Stenosed Artery
Authors: Prasad K. Maruthi , Sreek Bheema , Yasa Prabhaker Reddy
Published: September 2022

The flow of mixed two-layered, micropolar fluid comprising nanoparticles across a permeable stenosed artery is examined through a theoretical modeling. In a stenosed artery, the fluid flow going through two regions (specifically, the Peripheral and Core) is considered to be most illustrated by a two-layered model. The fluid in the peripheral layer is a Newtonian fluid, whereas the micropolar fluid containing nanoparti-cles in the core region performs as a non-Newtonian fluid. The closed expressions of flow characteristics, like axial velocity profile, flow resistance , shear stress, temperature profile and concentration distribution. Effect of Permeability on Micropolar Fluid with Nanoparticles are found to determine the governing equations using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) with the assumption of mild stenosis. The significance of flow properties on flow conformation, wall shear stress and velocity profiles are discussed graphically. A remarkable conclusion is that, the axial velocity profile with the increase of local nanopar-ticle Grashof number (Br) is found increasing in the region −0.5 to 0.5 and decreasing in the other region. To investigate the properties and fluid flow pattern of momentum transfer, streamlines are drawn.MSC Classification: 92C10 , 76Z05
Non-invasive ventilation prevents post-operative respiratory failure in patient undergoing bariatric surgery: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Imperatore Francesco , Gritti Fabrizio , Esposito Rossella , Giudice Claudia del , Cafora Chiara , Liguori Giovanni , Bossone Vito , Catauro Antonio , Pace Maria Caterina , Docimo Ludovico , Gambardella Claudio
Published: September 2022

Purpose Postoperative non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been proposed as an attractive strategy to reduce morbidity in obese subjects undergoing general anesthesia. The increased body mass index (BMI) correlates with loss of perioperative functional residual capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and total lung capacity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of NIV in post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) in reducing post-extubation acute respiratory failure (ARF) after biliointestinal by-pass (BIBP) in obese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 to compare acute respiratory failure within the first 72 postoperative hours and oximetry values of obese patients undergone BIBP after postoperative NIV adoption or conventional Venturi mask. Results 50 patients received NIV postoperative protocol and 57 patients received conventional Venturi Mask ventilation were included in the study. After 120 min in PACU pH, pCO2, pO2 and SpO2 resulted better in NIV Group vs Control Group (p<0.001). In the postoperative 72 hours, 1 patient (2%) in NIV group vs 7 patients (12.2%) in Control group developed acute respiratory failure. Therefore, conventional Venturi Mask ventilation resulted significantly associated (p<0.05), to postoperative ARF with an RR of 0.51 (IC 0.27-0.96). Conclusion After bariatric surgery, the short term NIV during PACU observation promotes a more rapid recovery of postoperative lung function and oxygenation in obese patients, reducing the critical care necessity in the days following surgery. Therefore, as day case surgery becomes more advocated even for the morbid obesity, it might be considered a necessary procedure.
A multigene circulating biomarker to predict the lack of FOLFIRINOX response after a single cycle in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Eijck Casper W.F. van , de Koning Willem , Sijde Fleur van der , Moskie Miranda , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Homs Marjolein Y.V. , Burg Sjoerd. H. van der , Eijck Casper H.J. van , Mustafa Dana A.M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy showed promising results in treating patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, many patients and physicians are reluctant to start FOLFIRINOX due to its high toxicity and limited clinical response rates. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single cycle of FOLFIRINOX, in combination with a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), on the blood immune transcriptome of PDAC patients. We aimed to identify an early circulating biomarker to predict the lack of FOLFIRINOX response.
Methods
Blood samples of 68 patients from all PDAC disease stages, who received at least four FOLFIRINOX cycles, were collected at baseline and after the first cycle. Patients were divided into “disease control” and “progressive disease” following the RECIST criteria 1.1. RNA was isolated and targeted immune-gene expression profiling was performed using the PanCancer Immune profiling panel of NanoString. The FOLFIRINOX delta Gene Expression Profiling (FFX-ΔGEP) score was calculated using the weight of eight genes following LASSO multivariate regression analysis.
Results
Comparing the immune gene expression profile of samples at baseline to after a single FOLFIRINOX cycle resulted in the identification of 395 differentially expressed genes (BH.P < 0.05), correlating to 30 significant alterations in relative immune cell abundancies and pathway activities (BH.P < 0.05). The patient cohort included 48 disease control and 10 progressive disease patients. The FFX-ΔGEP score, composed of eight genes (BID, FOXP3, KIR3DL1, MAF, PDGFRB, RRAD, SIGLEC1, and TGFB2), could predict the lack of FOLFIRINOX response with a leave-one-out cross-validated AUC [95% CI] of 0.87 [0.60–0.98]. Our FFX-ΔGEP score outperformed the predictiveness of absolute and proportional ΔCA19-9 values with an AUC [95% CI] of 0.70 [0.27–1.0] and 0.52 [0.24–0.80], respectively. Notably, immune-gene expression profiles of baseline samples could not predict the lack of FOLFIRINOX response.
Conclusions
A single FOLFIRINOX cycle, combined with G-CSF, alters the peripheral immune transcriptome indisputably. We revealed a novel multigene FFX-ΔGEP score which is, to our knowledge, the first gene expression-based early circulating biomarker that predicts the lack of FOLFIRINOX response after only a single cycle. Validation in a larger independent cohort of samples is crucial before clinical implementation.
Optimization of Spring Parameters by Using the Bees Algorithm for the Foldable Wing Mechanism
Authors: Sahin Murat , Kulunk Zafer
Published: September 2022

In this study, the design of the torsion and compression springs of the foldable wing mechanism used in the missile is discussed as an optimization problem. The objective functions discussed in this study are to maximize the energies of the springs and to minimize the opening time of the wing. In the optimization studies, the material type of the springs was kept constant and the wire diameter, coiling diameter, coiling number, and deflection were determined as variables. While there are geometric constraints for the variables due to the dimensions of the mechanism, there are also safety factor constraints due to the loads to which the springs are exposed. The Bees Algorithm was used to solve this optimization problem. The energy values obtained with BA were better than the values obtained with the DOE study before. The springs and mechanism designed with the parameters obtained as a result of the optimization were first analysed in the ADAMS program. Afterward, the springs produced were integrated into the real mechanism, and experimental tests were carried out. As a result of the tests, it has been seen that the wing opens in about 90 ms. This value is well below the project target of 200 ms. In addition, there is only a 15 ms difference between the analysis results and the experimental results.
Opposing trends of the Subantarctic Mode Water thickness in the South Indian Ocean driven by atmospheric forcing and interior mixing
Authors: Jiang Jindong , Shi Jiuxin , Rintoul Stephen R.
Published: September 2022

Formation and subduction of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) contributes to the upper cell of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation and transports anthropogenic heat and carbon into the ocean interior. Understanding of the processes driving change in SAMW is therefore needed to assess the ocean’s capacity to store heat and carbon. An analysis of Argo data reveals that the SAMW thickness increased in the eastern subduction area of the South Indian Ocean (SIO) during 2005−2020, and decreased in the central SIO outside the subduction area. The increasing and decreasing trends of SAMW thickness are driven by enhanced subduction and by erosion through mixing with warmer overlying waters, respectively. The changes in SAMW subduction reflect changes in air-sea exchange. Trends in winter sea level pressure associated with an amplification of the winter atmospheric zonal wave 3 pattern caused increased equatorward flow and marine cold air outbreaks in the eastern SIO, driving larger ocean heat loss, deeper mixed layers, and stronger subduction by lateral induction. SAMW subducts beneath lighter waters that warmed during the 2005−2020 period. Mixing with the warmer overlying water eroded the upper part of the SAMW layer, causing deepening of the SAMW low potential vorticity core, and thinning of the SAMW in the central SIO. These results demonstrate that both anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation and erosion by interior mixing influence the thickness, and hence heat and carbon storage capacity, of the SAMW.
Low-temperature plasma irradiation of Ringer`s lactate generates heterogeneous molecules for cancer treatment
Authors: Miron Camelia , Kashiwagura Satoshi , Britun Nikolay , Ito Daiki , Iwata Naoyuki , Liu Yang , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Toyokuni Shinya , Mizuno Masaaki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Kondo Hiroki , Ishikawa Kenji , Tanaka Hiromasa , Hori Masaru
Published: September 2022

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a promising tool for cancer treatment because irradiated various solutions show selective antitumoral effects on cancer cells. In this study, Ringer`s lactate solution was irradiated by pulsed electrical discharges ignited in argon, nitrogen, and oxygen gas mixtures. The chemical compounds formed by LTP and their effects on non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated. Among these compounds, glyceric acid increased the cell viability by more than two-fold compared to the control samples for MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells, whereas the tricarballylic acid had a pronounced cytotoxic effect on the cells when incubated with solutions of 0.6 mM to 50 mM concentrations. The results show that the LTP-generated chemical compounds have both, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cell viability, possibly by influencing the morphology of the cells and physiological functions, depending on the concentration of the generated compounds in the irradiated liquids.
Selective Synthesis of Functionalised Linear Aliphatic Primary Amines Using Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Cauwenbergh Robin , Sahoo Prakash , Maiti Rakesh , Guidetti Andrea , Das Shoubhik
Published: September 2022

Linear aliphatic primary amines are crucial and every year, at least, millions of tonnes are required to meet this demand. Therefore, significant interest has been shown in finding new chemical routes for the synthesis of aliphatic primary amines. However, to comply with the sustainability requirements, synthetic routes using inexpensive feedstocks are highly prioritized. In this regard, the hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) reaction, i.e. functionalization of an olefin with an aminoalkyl group and a hydrogen atom across the C=C double bond, is desirable due to the wide availability and lower price of olefins. Although photoredox catalysis is already known to synthesize amines, the synthesis of linear aliphatic amines is only limited to hydroaminomethylation (HAM) reactions i.e. functionalization of an olefin with an aminomethyl group and has never been applied to the synthesis of long chain linear aliphatic primary amines. Considering this, the synthesis of functionalized linear aliphatic primary amines is demonstrated by using a novel photoredox-mediated decarboxylative hydroaminoalkylation reaction, which exhibited a wide scope with excellent yields. The strength of this method is demonstrated by drug synthesis, late-stage modifications of complex pharmaceuticals and elaborated with detailed mechanistic studies.
Structural insights into cardiolipin stabilization of yeast respiratory supercomplexes revealed byCryo-EM
Authors:   4	Corey F. Hryc1, Mallampalli Venkata K. P. S. , Bovshik Evgeniy I. , Azinas Stavros ,   5	Guizhen Fan, Serysheva Irina I. , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Baker Matthew L. , Mileykovskaya Eugenia , Dowhan William
Published: September 2022

Cardiolipin is a hallmark phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. Despite established significance of cardiolipin in supporting respiratory supercomplex organization, a mechanistic understanding of this lipid-protein interaction is still lacking. To address the essential role of cardiolipin in supercomplex organization, we determined cryo-EM structures of a wild-type supercomplex (IV1III2IV1) and a supercomplex (III2IV1) isolated from a cardiolipin-lacking Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant at 3.2-Å and 3.3-Å resolution, respectively. Phosphatidylglycerol is located in the III2IV1 supercomplex at similar positions as cardiolipin in the wild-type supercomplex. Lipid-protein interactions in the latter are different from that observed for the former that conceivably underlies the reduced stability of supercomplexes in mutant mitochondria. Our studies provide evidence that anionic phospholipids appear to nucleate a phospholipid domain at the interface between the individual complexes, which may contribute to supercomplex stability. Destabilization of supercomplex formation by phosphatidylglycerol has significant implications for Barth Syndrome patients where mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerol levels are significantly elevated.
Neck Muscle Vibration Alters Cerebellar Processing Associated with Motor Skill Acquisition and Proprioception
Authors: Tabbert Hailey , Bernadette Murphy , Ambalavanar Ushani
Published: September 2022

Long term changes in neck sensory feedback in those with neck pain impacts motor learning, proprioception, and cortical processing. However, it is unclear whether transient alterations in neck sensory input from vibration impact sensorimotor integration (SMI) and somatosensory processing following acquisition of a proprioceptive-based task. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of neck muscle vibration on SMI and motor learning. 25 right-handed participants had electrical stimulation over the right median nerve to elicit short and middle latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) pre- and post-acquisition of a force matching tracking task. Following the pre-acquisition phase, controls (CONT) (n = 13, 6F) received 10 minutes of rest and the vibration group (VIB) (n = 12, 6F) received 10 minutes of 60Hz vibration on the right sternocleidomastoid and left cervical extensors. Task performance was measured 24 hours later to assess retention. Significant time by group interactions occurred for the N18 SEP peak (F (1, 23) = 6.475, p = 0.018, np2 = 0.220): where amplitudes increased by 58.74% in CONT and decreased by 21.77% in VIB and the N24 SEP Peak (F (1, 23) = 5.787, p = 0.025, np2 = 0.201): decreased by 14.05% in CONT and increased by 16.31% in VIB. Both groups demonstrated improvements in motor performance post-acquisition (F (1, 23) = 52.812, p < 0.001, np2 = 0.697) and at retention (F (1, 23) = 35.546, p < 0.001, np2 = 0.607). Group dependent changes in SEP peaks associated with cerebellar processing (N18 and N24) occurred post-acquisition suggesting differences in cerebellar-somatosensory pathways. This suggests that vibration altered proprioceptive inputs used to construct body schema.
Automatic Targetless LiDAR-Camera Calibration: A Survey
Authors: Li Xingchen , Xiao Yuxuan , Wang Beibei , Ren Haojie , Zhang Yanyong , Ji Jianmin
Published: September 2022

The recent trend of fusing complementary data from LiDARs and cameras for more accurate perception has made the extrinsic calibration between the two sensors critically important. Indeed, to align the sensors spatially for proper data fusion, the calibration process usually involves estimating the extrinsic parameters between them.Traditional LiDAR-camera calibration methods often depend on explicit targets or human intervention, which can be prohibitively expensive and cumbersome. Recognizing these weaknesses, recent methods usually adopt the autonomic targetless calibration approach, which can be conducted at a much lower cost. This paper presents a thorough review of these automatic targetless LiDAR-camera calibration methods. Specifically, based on how the potential cues in the environment are retrieved and utilized in the calibration process, we divide the methods into four categories: information theory based, feature based, ego-motion based, and learning based methods. For each category, we provide an in-depth overview with insights we have gathered, hoping to serve as a potential guidance for researchers in the related fields.
Air frying as a heat pre-treatment method for improving the extraction and yield of canolol from canola seeds
Authors: Fadairo Olamide S. , Nandasiri Ruchira , Eskin N. A. Michael , Aluko Rotimi E. , Scanlon Martin G.
Published: September 2022

Roasting of canola seeds prior to oil extraction is essential for producing unique flavors and heat-induced formation of novel phenolic compounds. This study investigated the efficacy of air frying as a seed roasting pre-treatment technique to improve the recovery of canolol and other oil-soluble sinapic acidic derivatives (SADs) from canola seeds. Air frying of canola seeds was carried out at temperature-time regimens of 160, 170, 180 or 190 ◦C for 5, 10, 15, or 20 min, respectively. Oil was extracted by the Soxtec method and the soluble SADs were extracted from the oil by addition of an equal volume of hexane/70% methanol mixture followed by quantification using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidative activity of the oils were also evaluated. The results indicated a time-temperature association for the recovery of canolol. The optimum air frying condition at 190 oC for 15 min produced the maximum yield of canolol (1439 ± 45.6 μg/100 g roasted seed) in addition to other unidentified SADs. The oil extracts obtained from canola seed roasted at 180, 15 min, 190 oC, 15 and 20 min showed the highest TPC (0.387 ± 0.015, 0.413 ± 0.002 and 0.419 ± 0.002 mg GAE/g oil), respectively, and the strongest antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging and iron reducing), but exhibited weak metal ion chelating activity. There was a strong positive correlation of canolol content to the antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP) and TPC value for the canola oil extracts (r=0.85, r=0.93 and 0.88), respectively.
Gallium isotope fractionations between several important Gallium- bearing minerals and aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Jixi
Published: September 2022

This study predicts the equilibrium isotope fractionation factors for some important Ga-bearing species, including major minerals, aqueous solutions and gas phase systems. Equilibrium isotope fractionations of Ga are investigated by using first-principles quantum chemistry method at B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. The isotope fractionation factors of minerals Orthoclase, Albite, Quartz, Kaolinite, Forsterite, Montmorillonite, Gibbsite, Cassiterite, Aragonite, Sphalerite and Calcite are calculated with the method of the volume variable cluster model (VVCM). The 1000ln(RPFR)s of these minerals decrease in the following order: Orthoclase>Albite>Quartz>Kaolinite>Forsterite>Montmorillonite>Gibbsite>Cassiterite>Aragonite>Sphalerite>Calcite. The solvation effect of Ga3+-bearing aqueous species is modeled by the water-droplet method. The 1000ln(RPFR)s of Ga3+-bearing aqueous species decrease in the order of [Ga(OH)4]->[Ga(OH)3]>[Ga(OH)]2+>[Ga(OH)2]+>[Ga(H2O)6]3+. The calculation results show that equilibrium isotope fractionations of Ga between different minerals, solutions and gas phases are appreciable. Among solid minerals, gallium isotope fractionation has the largest value between orthoclase type and calcite type minerals. Ga isotopic fractionation value between these two minerals can reach 3.18 per mil at 100 °C. Ga isotope fractionation between Ga-bearing aqueous species and minerals are important to give some information about the different geochemistry processes such as surficial geochemistry. This study has provided those important Ga isotope fractionation factors.
Sobre o Problema de Previsão da Covid-19 Utilizando Modelos Morfológico-Linear Profundos
Authors: Araújo Ricardo de Andrade
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an unprecedented pandemic in the present days, straining healthcare systems due to the high demand for admissions to intensive care units. In this context, estimating the dynamics of the COVID19 pandemic is essential to deal with health system drawbacks. Therefore, in this work we developed an empirical study on time series related to the COVID-19 pandemic and, based on this study, we present a deep morphological-linear model, trained by a gradient-based learning process, able to predict this particular kind of time series. Trying to assess the predictive performance of the proposed model, we use daily COVID-19 time series in Brazil and United States of America. The achieved results show that the proposed model outperforms classical and recent machine learning models to estimate the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic.
CLASSES DE USO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE (APP) DE RESERVATÓRIOS PÚBLICOS NO ALTO-OESTE POTIGUAR
Authors: Freitas Francisca Wigna da Silva , Silva Márcia Regina Farias da , Guedes Josiel de Alencar
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP’s) dos reservatórios Passagem, Curraes e Riacho da Cruz II, localizados no Alto-Oeste Potiguar, e identificar as classes de uso e ocupação do solo. Para a vetorização das APPs e das classes de uso foi utilizado o software QGIS 2.14.11, a partir da imagem Sentinel 2 (2016), utilizando-se como referência o Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro e as resoluções CONAMA Nº 302 e 303, e em seguida foram realizadas visitas in loco. Os resultados mostraram que os reservatórios localizados nas áreas rurais, a classe “Vegetação nativa” é a de maior relevância, enquanto no reservatório localizado em área urbana a classe “Áreas descobertas” se destaca. Identificou-se ainda que há impactos gerados pela urbanização desordenada e a ausência da aplicabilidade da legislação ambiental vigente.
PEQUENAS CIDADES
Authors: Trajano da Silva Izabelle , Barbosa da Silva Anieres
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho objetivou discutir os espaços geográficos denominados pequenas cidades, compreendendo-as enquanto lugares de articulação e de práticas espaciais. Entender as pequenas cidades, no Brasil, requer conhecer o surgimento das cidades brasileiras e as legislações que possibilitaram a multiplicação de municípios no Brasil. O baixo volume populacional é uma importante característica destes centros urbanos, entretanto é impreterível ver a cidade para além do volume de habitantes. Desse modo, para compreender as pequenas cidades deve-se analisar: a sua posição na rede urbana, as práticas sociais existentes, os fluxos que nela ocorrem, a sua paisagem e todo o contexto regional na qual está inserida. Deve-se enxergá-la como lugar de realização da vida humana, diante de um mundo globalizado.
GEOGRAFIA E ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Cigolini Adilar Antonio , Scherer André
Published: September 2022

O ambiente corporativo contemporâneo é de extrema complexidade, exigindo dos executivos (administradores formados) a compreensão de fenômenos que acontecem em múltiplas escalas, nas mais variadas temáticas. Entretanto, estes profissionais ainda carecem de formação adequada no que diz respeito aos conteúdos geográficos. Nesse sentido, a hipótese do presente trabalho foi a de que os atuais gestores e líderes de organizações, enquanto estudantes de administração, não possuem a oportunidade (sistematizada) de adquirir ou reforçar um suficiente “repertório” de análise espacial. O procedimento metodológico foi o de entrevistar gestores formados em Administração, oferecendo a estes um quadro de núcleos conceituais, dentro de uma técnica denominada escala Likert. O resultado aponta que o executivo necessita de conhecimentos geográficos para o pleno exercício de sua profissão.
AGROBIODIVERSIDADE E A CULTURA EM TERRITÓRIO QUILOMBOLA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE TAVARES E MOSTARDAS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Martha Anderson
Published: September 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar questão quilombola vem sendo debatida há tempos o qual se vez inúmeros trabalhos sobre o território negro e sua forma de resistência, mas pouco sobre a cultura da manutenção de suas sementes crioulas e seus significados, suas estratégias desenvolvidas para manter sua autonomia, não unicamente econômica, mas também pela tomada de decisões, pelas cosmovissões que suas sementes transmitem aos seus agricultores. O termo agricultores (as) guardiões (ãs) de sementes crioulas é uma vertente questionadora do modelo dominante valorizando e re-significando o valor da semente crioula. Nesse sentido, as famílias guardiãs quilombolas, dotados de uma rica diversidade cultural manipulam de forma diferenciadas um número considerável de sementes crioulas o que vem possibilitando a manutenção uso e valorização de diferentes espécies e variedades de sementes.
Microbial Communication: A Significant Approach to Understanding Microbial Activities and Interactions
Authors: Khanum Samia , M. Tawaha Abdel Rahman , Al-Tawaha Abdel Razzaq , Alatrash Hiba , Rauf Abdur , Karnwal Arun , Dey Abhijit , Alimad Nujoud , Lone Sameena , Hussain Khursheed , Imran Bentham Science Publisher , Amanullah Bentham Science Publisher , Khalid Shah , Saranraj Palani , Basit Abdul
Published: September 2022

To understand the interaction between different microbes, it is important to
understand how they communicate with one another in their adjacent environment.
These interactions are beneficial because when different microbes interact, they
stimulate specific mechanisms, release signals, and result in the production and
synthesis of important vaccines, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents, and secondary
metabolites. These metabolites are beneficial from a medicinal point of view as well. Many studies proved that specific metabolites are released only when they interact with
other microorganisms in their adjacent environment. This is also proved through
chromatography and co-culturing of these microorganisms.
Imidazole Showing its Therapeutic Voyage as Anticancer Heterocyclic Ring
Authors: Dhingra Ashwani K. , Chopra Bhawna , Sidhu Akram , Guarve Kumar , Gupta Ashish
Published: September 2022

In the current era, numerous anticancer drugs are available with potential
pharmacological activity. Still, issues like multi-drug resistance, toxicity, solubility
etc., were in existence, which finally decreases the overall therapeutic value of indices
of the drug molecule. Therefore, in search of new anticancer agents to fight against
cancer is not an ending process. Keeping this in view, aromatic diazole heterocyclic
nucleus named imidazole was proved with quite promising health benefits. The
imidazole nucleus possesses numerous pharmacological activities. Thus, its
derivatives/analogs have occupied a distinctive position in medicinal chemistry due to
the incorporation of the heterocyclic nucleus, imidazole, to develop the new synthetic
strategy in the significant drug discovery process. In addition to this, the significant
therapeutic potential of the imidazole containing agents have triggered the medicinal
chemist to develop a large number of novel anticancer compounds with a low toxicity
profile. This chapter aims ornately pronounced the therapeutic voyage of imidazole and
its analogs as anticancer.
Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanostructures for Hydrogen Storage Applications; A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Singh Y.T. , Chettri B. , Banik A. , Rai D.P.
Published: September 2022

We present the recent progress in hydrogen storage in carbon and boron
nitride nanostructures. Carbon and boron nitride nanostructures are considered
advantageous in this prospect due to their lightweight and high surface area. Many
researchers highlight the demerits of pristine structures to hold hydrogen molecules for
mobile applications. In such cases, weak van der Waals interaction comes into account.
Hence, the hydrogen molecules make weak bonds with the host materials and,
therefore, weak adsorption energy and low hydrogen molecules uptake. So, to tune the
adsorption energy and overall kinetics, methods such as doping, light alkali-alkaline
earth metals decoration, vacancy, functionalization, pressure variation, application of
external electric field, and biaxial strain have been adopted by many researchers.
Physisorption with atoms decoration is promising for hydrogen storage applications.
Under this condition, the host materials have high storage capacity, average adsorption
energy and feasible adsorption/desorption kinetics.
Suitable Nanomaterials for Retinal Implant Technique and Future Trends
Authors: Verma Mohan L. , Tiwari Ashish
Published: September 2022

Artificial vision for blind patients suffering from retinal diseases has shown
promising results in the last two decades, especially after the advancement in CMOS
technology. In the modern era, two types of retinal implant techniques are very
popular, one is the epiretinal implant and the other is the subretinal implant technique.
Even though the method of data processing is different in the above-mentioned
techniques, utilization of appropriate nanomaterial for the durability of the implant has
always been a major concern. Materials such as titanium nitride (TiN), iridium oxide
(IrOx), platinum grey, and carbon nanotube (CNT) were employed in recent years in
many retinal prosthetic projects. Manufacturing of stimulating electrodes and coating
of electronic devices to avoid infiltrations are the two important applications where
nanomaterials are utilized in the retinal implant system. This chapter discusses the
important and desired physical properties of nanomaterials viz. conductivity, tensile
strength, absorption of photons, and adsorption of water molecules for the subretinal
implant technique. Since the implant is located inside the retina, the isolated and
corrosive environment is the main challenge. This study is based on the first-principles
of density functional theory (DFT). Considering the recent advancements, the materials
are comparatively analyzed, and new nanomaterial is also suggested.
Recent Advancements in the Design of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Kumar Gupta Abhishek , Kumar Gupta Sarvesh , Verma Mohan L
Published: September 2022

As the world progresses towards sustainable energy and concomitant
decarbonization of its electrical supply, modern civilization is approaching the fourth
industrial revolution with a boom of digital devices and innovative technologies. As a
result, the demand for high-performance batteries has skyrocketed, and many research
initiatives for the design and development of high-performance rechargeable batteries
are being taken. With the incremental standardization of battery designs, enhancement
in their performance mainly relies on technical advancement in key electrode materials
(cathode and anode materials). This chapters reviews the state-of-the-art materials used
in fabricating electrodes, including a description of their structures and storage
mechanisms and modification of commonly used materials for electrode working either
in the solid-state or in the solution for aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes. Based on
the appropriate metrics such as operating voltage, specific energy, capacity, cyclic
stability and life cycle, the performance of different electrodes has also been assessed.
Along with the recent advancement, pertaining limitations are briefly covered and
analyzed with some viable solutions in the pursuit of cathode and anode materials with
fast kinetics, high voltage, and long cycle life.
Design of Supported Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Continuous Challenge
Authors: R. Deeksha , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2022

The production of ammonia is facilitated by the nitrogen reduction reaction
(NRR), where the inert di-nitrogen molecule is converted to ammonia. Along with
being a major carrier of hydrogen, ammonia holds authority in the fertilizer realm.
Therefore, it is inevitable to develop a viable and eco-friendly method of production
that is cost-effective and resource-efficient. The primary challenge of nitrogen
reduction is the cleavage of the particularly stable nitrogen bond. The most popular
Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production, although efficient, is highly energy-intensive, and the need for maintaining exceptionally high temperature and pressure
conditions is an environmental concern. As an alternative, the direct conversion of
nitrogen has been carried out by photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. However, this
strategy falls short of achieving superior conversion efficiencies. Consequently, it is
conceivable that a fitting catalyst can be the solution for the difficulties associated with
NRR. Over the years, several attempts have been made at formulating the best catalyst,
including chromium oxynitride nanoparticles, niobium dioxide, various metal (Ru, Al,
Rh, Ga) clusters, single-atom catalysts supported on different surfaces, and double atom catalysts. Recently, perovskites have emerged into the spotlight as excellent
catalysts for NRR. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges faced by researchers to
formulate righteous catalysts for the sustainable reduction of nitrogen by studying each
of these types with a few examples. We also review the recent advancements in the
experimental domain of NRR using different electrochemical cells.
The Fundamental Concepts of Nanotechnology-Based Nanomaterials: Recent Developments and Challenges of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Almontasser Asma , Parveen Azra
Published: September 2022

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising new technologies in the recent
decade, which involves structures, devices, and systems with novel properties and
functions due to their atomic arrangement on scales of 1–100 nm. In general, the
materials at the nanoscale have unique physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological
properties compared to their bulk materials. Thus, these properties lead to a new
novelty and variety of technological applications in the different fields (physics,
science and engineering, electrical and computer science, materials, chemistry, biology,
and medicine). This chapter provides a brief introduction of nanotechnology,
nanomaterials, and their applications while discussing structural, optical, and magnetic
properties as well as antibacterial activities. This chapter overviews the current
research being carried out on the properties and application of metal oxide
nanoparticles, especially chromium oxide (Cr2O3
) nanoparticles, indium oxide
nanoparticles (In2O3
), and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. These materials are
considered novel materials for biological and smart applications, such as antimicrobial,
drug delivery systems, and cancer therapy. Multi-drug and antibiotic resistance are
among the great challenges that confront researchers in designing and developing
efficient antimicrobial and biomedical agents. Inspired by the remarkable
developments in nanoparticles in recent times, antibacterial metal oxide nanoparticles
have been discovered as potential antibiotics to restrict infectious diseases. Thus, the
mechanism of anti-microbial activities of metal oxide nanoparticles is discussed here in
detail. In this chapter, a brief literature survey related to the present study is also
performed. By the end of the chapter, the concluding remarks with views on the recent
progress and future challenges of metal oxide nanoparticles are appended.
Analysis of the Effect of Load Direction on the Stress Distribution in Orthopaedic Implants
Authors: Mahapatra Nihar R. , Gosalia Manit , Tulsian Ishika
Published: September 2022

Orthopaedic implant materials have an important role in the field of medical
science. Characteristics of implant materials such as rigidity, corrosion,
biocompatibility, surface morphology, tissue receptivity, and stability are the key
factors that influence the choice of the implant material. The mechanical properties of
the implants are one of the significant factors for bone substitution. To understand the
mechanical properties of these solid substitutes, the use of solid mechanics, which is
intended for general structural analysis of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional bodies is
vital. In this study, 3-dimensional modelling of implant and simulation using the finite
element analysis software were incorporated to investigate the effect of load direction
on the stress distribution in different orthopaedic implant materials.
Advanced Materials and Nanosystems for Catalysis, Sensing and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Rana Shikha , Singh Mahavir
Published: September 2022

This chapter accentuates the latest breakthrough in the advanced and
intelligent materials' catalysis, sensing and wastewater treatment applications. The
various engineered materials are securing the interest of researchers for optimized
technical utilizations. This chapter discusses the number of catalytic and sensing
operations of advanced and intelligent materials in detail. Catalysis and sensing
phenomena involve the conversion of obtained signals into a readable format, and
advanced materials with their superior optical, semiconducting or physical properties
are studied widely. However, wastewater treatment needs adsorption and advanced
oxidation of the different types of contaminants by the advanced materials. The list of
advanced materials includes many organic/inorganic and natural/synthetic platforms
with desired properties. These advanced materials have high biocompatibility and easy
biodegradable characteristics. With the latest synthesis and functionalization methods,
these advanced materials are becoming nanohybrid systems. This chapter covers
implementing these nanohybrid systems for catalysis, wastewater treatment and
sensing. The first half of the chapter focuses on introducing the basic catalytic, sensing
and wastewater processes based on the application of advanced materials. However, the
second half includes introducing various advanced materials in the techniques
mentioned above.
MICROSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PERIODONTIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF COMPLEX CORRECTION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EXPERIMENTAL TEN-WEEK OPIOID EXPOSURE
Authors: Fik V. B. , Podolіyk М. V. , Matkivska R. M. , Dmytriv G. M.
Published: September 2022

In order to develop an adequate scheme of drug correction of periodontal tissue damage on the background of long-term action of the opioid analgesic nalbuphine, experimental studies were performed using the drugs pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone. The study was performed on male rats (24), which were divided into 3 groups. And the group is a control group. Group II – administration to rats of opioid analgesic in increasing doses for 10 weeks, where the initial dose was – 0.212 mg / kg, 9-10 weeks – 0.283 mg / kg. Group III – administration of pentoxifylline (7-10 weeks) and ceftriaxone (9-10 weeks) at a dosage of 2.86 mg against a 10-week opioid effect (from 0.212 to 0.283 mg / kg). For histological examinations, fragments of the dental segment of rats were collected using complex decalcification of the hard tissues of the dental organ. Microscopic studies in animals at 10 weeks of opioid action indicated pronounced inflammatory-dystrophic changes in periodontal tissues, which were manifested by necrotic changes in the mucous membrane of the gums, dystrophic periodontal damage and vascular disorders. Drug correction with pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone on the background of ten weeks of opioid action led to a protective effect on the microstructural organization of periodontal tissues of rats. Although complete restoration of periodontal structures in comparison with the control did not occur, however, the use of etiopathogenetic treatment contributed to a certain stabilization of the inflammatory process. The results showed that the use of pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone prevented the generalized progression of dystrophic changes in the periodontium with long-term opioid action, compared with the detected pathological changes in periodontal tissues in animals under ten weeks of opioid administration without corrective action.
MARKERS OF LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND 2 TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Bondareva O. O. , Fedorov S. V.
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular diseases cause approximately one-third of all deaths in the world, of which 7.5 million deaths are estimated to be due to ischemic heart disease (IHD). Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden death cause most IHD-related deaths, which represent 1.8 million deaths per year. Established, that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to experience of ACS and heart failure and are at greater risk for dying after an acute cardiac event, than patients without diabetes.

The purpose of this study is evaluation of leukocyte and its populations count, leukocytes indices and plasma level of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCPR) in patients hospitalized due to ACS with or without of 2 type DM.

Material and Methods. We observed of 124 patients with ACS which were randomized into two groups: 1st group – 93 patients with ACS and DM; 2nd group – 31 patients with ACS without 2 type DM. 30 apparently healthy persons were included into control group. We studied of leukocytes count and their subpopulations in blood; calculated of their subpopulation indices: neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), neutrophils to monocytes ratio (NMR), neutrophils to lymphocytes+monocytes ratio (N/LMR), lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (NMR) at admission. The plasma levels of hs-CRP were detected by ELISA method.

Results of study. The significant increase of white blood cells count and neutrophils count in patients with ACS at admission was detected in our study, especially in cases with DM. On the contrary, the counts of lymphocytes were decreased in patients with ACS and ACS with 2 type DM, versus data in control group. In patient with ACS the increased parameter of NMR was observed (p<0.001). Similarly, the following indices were higher, compared with control group parameters: NLR – for 3.32 times (in patients with ACS and DM) and for 2.43 times (in patients with ACS and without DM) (p<0.001); N/LMR – for 2.98 times (in patients with ACS and DM) and for 2.14 times (in patients with ACS and without DM) (p<0.001). On the contrary, LMR was decreased in both groups of patients with ACS – for 1.4 times and 1.36 times, respectively (p<0.05). The increased plasma levels of hs-CRP were detected in patients with ACS, more significant – in case of 2 type DM (fig. 1): for 2.1 times and for 2.59 times, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusion. ACS is characterized of raised white blood cells and neutrophils count and low lymphocyte count, especially in cases of association with 2 type Diabetes Mellitus. Low-grade inflammation in patients with ACS and DM caused of increased levels of hs-CRP and some leukocyte ratios: NMR, N/LMR, NLR.