bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les noms propres se traduisent-ils ? Étude d’un corpus multilingue
Authors: Lecuit Émeline , Maurel Denis , Vitas Duško
Published: June 2014

L’hypothèse selon laquelle les noms propres ne se traduisent pas est très répandue. Elle peut s’expliquer par des critères définitoires des noms propres très réducteurs mais malheureusement largement partagés. Dans cet article, nous démontrons, à partir de l’étude d’un corpus aligné composé de onze versions en dix langues du même texte littéraire, que le nom propre peut être sujet à différents procédés de traduction et qu’il est erroné de prôner le report simple systématique des noms propres de la langue-source à la langue-cible.
La traduction des noms propres dans deux romans de langue afrikaans
Authors: Steyn Johanna
Published: June 2014

Cet article se propose de résumer les opinions concernant la traduction des noms propres dans la littérature et d’analyser à travers des exemples des textes les méthodes appliquées par les traducteurs dans la traduction anglaise et les deux traductions françaises de deux romans afrikaans. Une des traductions a été faite directement du texte source afrikaans, tandis que l’autre a été faite de la traduction anglaise du texte source. L’article se concentrera sur la traduction des patronymes, des prénoms, des surnoms, des appellatifs et des toponymes.
Semanticidad antroponímica y traducción al español en la comedia molieresca
Authors: Adrada Rafael Cristina
Published: June 2014

Frente al ya tan defendido carácter pragmático y referencial de los antropónimos reales, el presente trabajo parte de la hipótesis que defiende la semanticidad del nombre propio de persona, ya sea en la vida real o imaginada. Esta carga semántica se verá acentuada en los antropónimos de la ficción literaria, cuya semanticidad reposará en la intencionalidad del escritor.

En estas páginas nos adentraremos en la problemática que supone la dificultad del trasvase de los valores antroponímicos en los textos teatrales, partiendo de traducciones reales llevadas a cabo hacia el español de los nombres de algunos personajes de Molière.
Adaptación y neutralización en la traducción de los nombres propios: Baltagul/El hacha
Authors: Bobăilă Iulia
Published: June 2014

Dada la naturaleza especial de los nombres propios, las estrategias utilizadas para verterlos a otra lengua varían desde la transferencia literal, la transcripción fonética o la adaptación morfológica, hasta la sustitución completa en la lengua de llegada. Más allá de la función primaria de identificación, los nombres propios juegan un papel crucial, especialmente en la literatura, debido a su carga semántica. El traductor se enfrenta a la tarea de ofrecer soluciones que compensen la pérdida de información, insertando glosas textuales y poniendo a prueba sus técnicas creativas. El presente trabajo analiza la traducción al español de una de las novelas clásicas de la literatura rumana, subrayando el intrincado proceso que le permitió a la traductora llevar a cabo el papel de mediador cultural y las posibilidades de explotar la comparación entre el texto origen y el texto de llegada, desde el punto de vista de sus aplicaciones pedagógicas, con vistas a estimular el pensamiento crítico de los alumnos.
I nomi di Pinocchio in romeno
Authors: Pantaleoni Daniele
Published: June 2014

Riassunto

L’articolo affronta il tema della traduzione dei nomi propri di tre edizioni romene del libro Pinocchio, evidenziando le differenti strategie adottate dai traduttori e illustrando il grado di scostamento dal testo di partenza. Il contributo include uno studio esaustivo su tutta la gamma dei nomi propri presenti nel romanzo di Collodi, confrontando le diverse soluzioni adottate dai traduttori romeni. Inoltre vengono esaminate le implicazioni inerenti alla traducibilità di alcuni tipi onomastici come gli antroponimi dei personaggi fantastici e i nomi dei luoghi immaginari, mettendoli in relazione con il repertorio stilistico romeno.
Translaticia Translatio – brief script about non-translation
Authors: Negrescu Dan
Published: June 2014

This article sets out to present a situation which is unconventional, yet frequent in the real act of translation, namely, resorting to clarification, as Saint Jerome chooses to do in the case of certain Hebrew terms impossible to translate in accordance with the Jeromian translational method and not only; the phrase “translaticia translation” is contrived so as to synthesize a situation and implicitly a solution, with specific references and examples from the Jeromian epistolary text, the latter becoming a possible guide for non-translation as a sensible choice.
Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds. From Alfred Werner to the 21st Century
Authors: Von Zelewsky Alex
Published: June 2014

: As a contribution to the scientific symposium, November 22nd, 2013, commemorating the Nobel Prize awarded to Alfred Werner in 1913, a presentation of the development of stereochemistry of coordination compounds during the past 120 years was given. Stereochemistry was fundamental to
Werner's theory of coordination compounds. After Werner's death in 1919, stereochemistry in this field did not progress much further for almost 20 years, but then developed continuously. It was realized that stereochemical features of elements showing coordination numbers larger than four
are responsible for an almost unlimited number of stereochemical possibilities, thus opening a molecular world of new structures. In the beginning of the 21st century, interest in the field rose again considerably, mainly due to the potential of stereoselective catalysis, and the self-assembly
of supramolecular structures. An end of these developments is not in sight. Here an abbreviated version of the lecture is given. A PowerPoint® file, or a video of the presentation, can be downloaded.
The Creation of Radicalism: Anti-Nuclear Activism in Nova Scotia, c. 1972–1979
Authors: Leeming Mark
Published: June 2014

Abstract:

An attempt to build the world's largest nuclear power plant on a tiny island off the south shore of Nova Scotia in the early 1970s sparked an anti-nuclear movement that was able, by the end of the decade, to force the provincial government to abandon plans for a united regional electric utility. The provincial movement shared in the creation of national, continental, and even global campaigns against nuclear technology but was fractious within itself. Bringing together peace activists, feminists, counterculture back-to-the-landers, along with classic conservationists, engineers, and fishers' advocates, the anti-nuclear coalition faced inevitable internal disagreement. By the late 1970s, different approaches to government and industry – as partners or as adversaries – had produced a nascent environmental mainstream, and by extension a radical fringe, from activist groups and networks that had achieved success by working together in prior years. The anti-nuclear controversy of the 1970s was key to the shape of the environmental movement in decades to follow.
Bekämpfung invasiver Neophyten: beschränkte Mittel zielgerichtet einsetzen (Essay)
Authors: Bischoff Wolfgang , Cueni Josephine , Peisl-Gaillet Yolande , Kolly Delphine
Published: June 2014

Fighting invasive non-native plant species: targeted use of limited resources (essay)

On the basis of two research projects carried out in 2012, Pro Natura calculated the costs of monitoring and combating invasive non-native plant species in Switzerland, and identified shortcomings in the management of these species. On average, in the five cantons covered, these costs are CHF 8.50/ha/year. If these are extrapolated for Switzerland as a whole (without Alpine meadows), this makes a total of at least CHF 19.49 million to be spent annually for coordination, control and fighting against invasive non-native plant species. This estimate does not include damage caused by these plants, nor the cost of human resources in the federal administration and research. These real costs are a plausible and useful instrument to demonstrate what the implementation of planned measures costs, so that appropriate budgets may be drawn up. The biggest shortcomings in the management of invasive non-native species, according to Pro Natura, are the absence of an overall concept, incomplete execution of legislation, and the fact that in the wild species are combated, while they are still on sale in garden centres. Pro Natura advocates a consistent ban on all non-native species which must be considered invasive, using objective criteria.
Invasive Neobiota: von den Grundlagen zur nationalen Strategie
Authors: Walther Gian-Reto , Leuthardt Florine
Published: June 2014

Invasive non-native species: from basic data to a national strategy

The Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) is drawing up a national strategy for invasive non-native species, in cooperation with other relevant federal offices and the cantons. Other institutions and organisations are integrated into this process. This article reviews the data which will be used for the national strategy in preparation at present, as well as the legal context and the actors involved.
A Novel Variable Stiffness Mechanism Capable of an Infinite Stiffness Range and Unlimited Decoupled Output Motion
Authors: Groothuis Stefan , Carloni Raffaella , Stramigioli Stefano
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a novel variable stiffness mechanism is presented, which is capable of achieving an output stiffness with infinite range and an unlimited output motion, i.e., the mechanism output is completely decoupled from the rotor motion, in the zero stiffness configuration. The mechanism makes use of leaf springs, which are engaged at different positions by means of two movable supports, to realize the variable output stiffness. The Euler–Bernoulli leaf spring model is derived and validated through experimental data. By shaping the leaf springs, it is shown that the stiffness characteristic of the mechanism can be changed to fulfill different application requirements. Alternative designs can achieve the same behavior with only one leaf spring and one movable support pin.
Indoor Exposure and Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to Fetal Growth, Miscarriage and Prematurity—A Systematic Review
Authors: Patelarou Evridiki , Kelly Frank
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this review was to summarize existing epidemiological evidence of the association between quantitative estimates of indoor air pollution and all-day personal exposure with adverse birth outcomes including fetal growth, prematurity and miscarriage. We carried out a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases with the aim of summarizing and evaluating the results of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies undertaken in “westernized” countries that have assessed indoor air pollution and all-day personal exposure with specific quantitative methods. This comprehensive literature search identified 16 independent studies which were deemed relevant for further review and two additional studies were added through searching the reference lists of all included studies. Two reviewers independently and critically appraised all eligible articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Of the 18 selected studies, 14 adopted a prospective cohort design, three were case-controls and one was a retrospective cohort study. In terms of pollutants of interest, seven studies assessed exposure to electro-magnetic fields, four studies assessed exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, four studies assessed PM2.5 exposure and three studies assessed benzene, phthalates and noise exposure respectively. Furthermore, 12 studies examined infant growth as the main birth outcome of interest, six examined spontaneous abortion and three studies assessed gestational age at birth and preterm delivery. This survey demonstrates that there is insufficient research on the possible association of indoor exposure and early life effects and that further research is needed.
Steatosis and Steatohepatitis: Complex Disorders
Authors: Bettermann Kira , Hohensee Tabea , Haybaeck Johannes
Published: June 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which includes steatosis and steatohepatitis, in particular non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a rising health problem world-wide and should be separated from alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). NAFLD is regarded as hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetSy), being tightly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Development of steatosis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis often progresses towards hepatocellular carcinogenesis and frequently results in the indication for liver transplantation, underlining the clinical significance of this disease complex. Work on different murine models and several human patients studies led to the identification of different molecular key players as well as epigenetic factors like miRNAs and SNPs, which have a promoting or protecting function in AFLD/ASH or NAFLD/NASH. To which extent they might be translated into human biology and pathogenesis is still questionable and needs further investigation regarding diagnostic parameters, drug development and a better understanding of the genetic impact. In this review we give an overview about the currently available knowledge and recent findings regarding the development and progression of this disease.
First Total Syntheses and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Penicimonoterpene, a Marine-Derived Monoterpenoid, and Its Various Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Jian-Chun , Li Xiao-Ming , Gloer James , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: June 2014

The first total synthesis of marine-derived penicimonoterpene (±)-1 has been achieved in four steps from 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one using a Reformatsky reaction as the key step to construct the basic carbon skeleton. A total of 24 new derivatives of 1 have also been designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by analysis of their 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRESIMS data. Some of them showed significant antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi and/or V. parahaemolyticus, and some showed activity against plant-pathogenic fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and/or Fusarium graminearum). Some of the derivatives exhibited antimicrobial MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 4 μg/mL, which were stronger than those of the positive control. Notably, Compounds 3b and 10 showed extremely high selectively against plant-pathogenic fungus F. graminearum (MIC 0.25 μg/mL) and pathogenic bacteria E. coli (MIC 1 μg/mL), implying their potential as antimicrobial agents. SAR analysis of 1 and its derivatives indicated that modification of the carbon-carbon double bond at C-6/7, of groups on the allylic methylene unit and of the carbonyl group at C-1, effectively enhanced the antimicrobial activity.
Chemical Abrasion Applied to LA-ICP-MS U–Pb Zircon Geochronology
Authors: Crowley Quentin , Heron Kyle , Riggs Nancy , Kamber Balz , Chew David , McConnell Brian , Benn Keith
Published: June 2014

Zircon (ZrSiO4) is the most commonly used mineral in U–Pb geochronology. Although it has proven to be a robust chronometer, it can suffer from Pb-loss or elevated common Pb, both of which impede precision and accuracy of age determinations. Chemical abrasion of zircon involves thermal annealing followed by relatively low temperature partial dissolution in HF acid. It was specifically developed to minimize or eliminate the effects of Pb-loss prior to analysis using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS). Here we test the application of chemical abrasion to Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) by analyzing zircons from both untreated and chemically abraded samples. Rates of ablation for high alpha-dose non-treated zircons are up to 25% faster than chemically abraded equivalents. Ablation of 91500 zircon reference material demonstrates a ca. 3% greater down-hole fractionation of 206Pb/238U for non-treated zircons. These disparities necessitate using chemical abrasion for both primary reference material and unknowns to avoid applying an incorrect laser induced fractionation correction. All treated samples display a marked increase in the degree of concordance and/or lowering of common Pb, thereby illustrating the effectiveness of chemical abrasion to LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon geochronology.
A Multi-Collaborative Ambient Assisted Living Service Description Tool
Authors: Falcó Jorge , Vaquerizo Esteban , Artigas José
Published: June 2014

Collaboration among different stakeholders is a key factor in the design of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) environments and services. Throughout several AAL projects we have found repeated difficulties in this collaboration and have learned lessons by the experience of solving real situations. This paper highlights identified critical items for collaboration among technicians, users, company and institutional stakeholders and proposes as a communication tool for a project steering committee a service description tool which includes information from the different fields in comprehensible format for the others. It was first generated in the MonAMI project to promote understanding among different workgroups, proven useful there, and further tested later in some other smaller AAL projects. The concept of scalable service description has proven useful for understanding of different disciplines and for participatory decision making throughout the projects to adapt to singularities and partial successes or faults of each action. This paper introduces such tool, relates with existing methodologies in cooperation in AAL and describes it with a example to offer to AAL community. Further work on this tool will significantly improve results in user-centered design of sustainable services in AAL.
Enhancing the Predicting Accuracy of the Water Stage Using a Physical-Based Model and an Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm in a River System
Authors: Liu Wen-Cheng , Chung Chuan-En
Published: June 2014

Accurate simulations of river stages during typhoon events are critically important for flood control and are necessary for disaster prevention and water resources management in Taiwan. This study applies two artificial neural network (ANN) models, including the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and genetic algorithm neural network (GANN) techniques, to improve predictions from a one-dimensional flood routing hydrodynamic model regarding the water stages during typhoon events in the Danshuei River system in northern Taiwan. The hydrodynamic model is driven by freshwater discharges at the upstream boundary conditions and by the water levels at the downstream boundary condition. The model provides a sound physical basis for simulating water stages along the river. The simulated results of the hydrodynamic model show that the model cannot reproduce the water stages at different stations during typhoon events for the model calibration and verification phases. The BPNN and GANN models can improve the simulated water stages compared with the performance of the hydrodynamic model. The GANN model satisfactorily predicts water stages during the training and verification phases and exhibits the lowest values of mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and peak error compared with the simulated results at different stations using the hydrodynamic model and the BPNN model. Comparison of the simulated results shows that the GANN model can be successfully applied to predict the water stages of the Danshuei River system during typhoon events.
Du nouveau sur la mystérieuse mission de Batavia à Saïgon en 1890
Authors: Kuiper Koos
Published: June 2014

This note in part solves the mystery of the Chinese travelogue of 1890 published with a translation and introduction by Claudine Salmon and Ta Trong Hiêp in Archipel 47 (1994). The emissary Qu Molin is the Dutch sinologist and then member of the Council of the Indies W. P. Groeneveldt, and the interpreter Yang is the Dutch sinologist A. A. de Jongh. The purpose of this mission to French Indo-China was to study the advantages and disadvantages of the opium monopoly there, in view of its possible introduction in the Netherlands Indies. The identity of the author can be tentatively established. His name is Tan Siu Eng (1833-1906), he was a xiucai from Xiamen, who was brought to the Indies by Groeneveldt in 1874 as his personal teacher/ clerk and remained his assistant afterwards.
Une pratique érudite de lecture des textes bibliques : les chaînes exégétiques grecques
Authors: Aussedat Mathilde
Published: June 2014

Pour étudier les chaînes exégétiques, florilèges d’extraits des Pères de l’Église sur le texte biblique, constitués entre le VIe s après J.-C. et la fin de la période byzantine, il importe de les rapprocher des scholies aux classiques.∞∞ L’analyse du matériau exégétique qui accompagne dans les manuscrits les deux passages introductifs que sont le prologue du livre de Jérémie dans l’Ancien Testament, d’une part, et le prologue de l’Iliade, d’autre part, permet de préciser les caractéristiques de ces deux genres littéraires à partir d’éléments concrets. On voit ainsi apparaître, malgré un fonds commun d’érudition (système de correspondance entre texte et commentaires, renvois aux sources, intérêt pour les variantes et les lieux parallèles) des pratiques culturelles ainsi que des contextes d’enseignement différents∞∞ :∞∞ les scholies à l’Iliade visent d’abord à rendre le texte d’Homère compréhensible, tandis que les extraits des chaînes exégétiques privilégient les niveaux de sens du texte biblique. Cette différence semble liée au type de texte concerné∞∞ : les épopées d’Homère, d’une part, dont la langue est difficile parce qu’elle est archaïque et poétique et le texte biblique, d’autre part, dont la langue est réputée accessible mais dont le sens reste problématique.
Les noms des dieux dans la Théogonie d’Hésiode : étymologies et jeux de mots
Authors: Arnould Dominique
Published: June 2014

According to the general way of editing texts in the 19th century, many verses of Hesiod’s Theogony were suspected of being interpolated, especially when they deal with etymologies and puns about the names of the gods. We find the same tendency in some modern editions and our purpose is, by reexamining those verses, to show that the poet is more subtle and less serious than is generally admitted.
Usages rhétoriques et poétiques des clausules accentuelles dans le roman de Xénophon d’Éphèse
Authors: Biraud Michèle
Published: June 2014

The possibility of creating accentual (and no metric) clausulae appeared with the phonetic evolution of the Greek language which, towards the end of the Hellenistic period, replaced the quantitative rhythm, based on the opposition of length of syllables, by an accentual rhythm, based on the equality of distances between the accented syllables of the stressed words. This innovation, which goes back at least to Parthenios of Nicaea, is used by Xenophon of Ephesos in some passages of his novel in order to give them a rhythm at the end of every period∞∞ ; the recurrence of several clausulae can even define several levels of the rhetoric organisation of the passage. In other excerpts, the density of these accentual clausulae is such – they appear at the end of each colon – that their use is no more rhetoric but poetic (similar to that of the rhymes in French poetry).
Léon Heuzey et l’histoire des peuples montagnards du nord-ouest de la Grèce
Authors: Perrier Amélie
Published: June 2014

Léon Heuzey published Le Mont Olympe et l’Acarnanie in 1860, presenting the results of his research led in a region of Greece then almost unexplored because it was difficult of access and little representative of the brilliant culture of Greek city-states : the mountains in the Northwest of Delphi. This work was unanimously greeted as a scientifically rigorous model. A modern reading however reveals the weaknesses of his method, which owes certainly to the historical and intellectual context, but which is also marred by the too vast knowledge of the author. His rich and precise knowledge of ancient sources paradoxically drive him to spread, without criticizing its legitimacy, the horrible reputation of the peoples of Northwestern Greece who, in the 19th century as in time of Thucydides or Polybius, were depicted either as « primitives » or as « barbarians » . Heuzey being both a historian and an archaeologist, the intertext of this work seems to play a major role in the transmission, and thus the creation, of a traditional image inherited from the Antiquity.
Maximus Planudes, the Codex Laurentianus 60. 8, and Other Aristidean Manuscripts
Authors: Wilson Nigel
Published: June 2014

Le manuscrit Laurentianus 60.8, qui contient les discours du rhéteur Aelius Aristide, ne peut pas être placé au XIe siècle, mais date de la fin du XIIIe siècle au plus tôt. Le texte a été copié probablement par un seul scribe, dont la main doit être identifiée avec celle du deuxième copiste de l’Anthologie de Planude (Marcianus gr. 481). Parmi les autres manuscrits d’Aristide, le Vaticanus gr. 1297 (Q) doit être daté du XIVe siècle, peu avant le milieu de ce siècle∞∞∞ ; le Parisinus gr. 2948 (P) + Oxford, Canonici gr. 84 (B) pourrait être du XIVe siècle.
La chanson de colportage anglaise, 1689-1764: relique ou renaissance ?
Authors: Toudic Daniel
Published: June 2014

The street ballad remained one of the main vectors of dissemination of the written word among the “ common people” in England from the late 16th to the mid-19thcentury. Recently, online access to many digitized 18th century ballad collections has highlighted how dynamic and resilient the genre proved at a time when the so-called “ traditional” ballad was entering the cultural mainstream thanks to the likes of John Gay and Thomas Percy. A comparative study of the catalogues of two of London’s main ballad printers and publishers, William Thackeray and Cluer Dicey, issued respectively in1689 and 1764, enables trends in street ballad production to be identified, highlighting the fundamental conservatism of the genre but also clear thematic changes and the growing importance of the ballad text at the expense of tune and illustrations.
Nouveaux Orients : enjeux géostratégiques et culturels, 1780-1823
Authors: Depeyre Michel
Published: June 2014

Le Royaume-Uni connaît avec la perte des Treize Colonies un renversement géostratégique considérable : l’Atlantique n’est plus l’axe prioritaire de son développement colonial. Désormais, Londres se tourne vers l’Orient, l’Inde, la Perse et l’Égypte. Le public anglais prend conscience de ce changement à la fin de la décennie 1790, lorsque les Britanniques sont contrés en Orient par les Russes et les Français. Ils intensifient alors les échanges entre l’Orient et les îles britanniques et à l’intérieur de l’espace oriental, dans ce qui est une prise de possession économique, mais aussi culturelle de l’Orient.
The Eastern Tale and the Candid Reader: Tristram Shandy, Candide, Rasselas
Authors: Ballaster Ros
Published: June 2014

Voltaire’s Candide, Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas and the first two volumes of Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy appeared in 1759. All three works pursue an agenda of practical scepticism. Textual allusions to the Mille et une Nuit inform the ambivalent pursuit of sceptical reading in these works. Uncovering this hitherto unacknowledged shared source in the Arabian Nights adds new support for readings of these works as critiques of the “ lunacy” of the Seven Years War.
Supplément oriental et inspiration poétique
Authors: Gallien Claire
Published: June 2014

Cet article analyse le rapport de la littérature orientale traduite au canon littéraire anglais du XVIIIe siècle en termes de «supplément » . En effet, dès le début du siècle, auteurs et essayistes anglais justifient l’intégration du style et des tropes orientaux afin de combler les manques expressifs et figuratifs de la littérature anglaise. Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, les auteurs et poètes appartenant aux courants sentimentaliste, gothique ou romantique se servent de ce modèle exogène comme d’un élément transgressif leur permettant de pousser les limites génériques à bout. L’Orient est donc bien plus qu’un simple décor de carton pâte : il offre à la littérature anglaise de nouveaux moyens d’expression.
« Anon, anon, sir »: Popular Discourse, Syntactical Limitations and Ideological Containment in 1 Henry IV and Coriolanus
Authors: Drouet Pascale
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses the representation of popular discourse in Shakespeare’s 1Henry IV and Coriolanus. Whether in the tapster of the Boar’s Head or the mutinous citizens of Rome, poor eloquence and disrupted syntax emerge as permanent features of popular discourse. They bespeak simple-mindedness, doubt, flimsiness or mutability, and open interstices inviting manipulation, subversion or radical reversals, exploited either as sheer entertainment or in a political perspective. This paper finally addresses the dialectics of linguistic emergence and containment, and poses the question as to whether popular discourse can be more than a foil to the elaborate discourse of dominant ideology.
Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Tao Hua Bing , Yang Hong Bin , Chen Jiazang , Miao Jianwei , Liu Bin
Published: June 2014

A biomolecule-assisted pyrolysis method has been developed to synthesize sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (CNS) nanosheets. During the synthesis, sulfur could be introduced as a dopant into the lattice of carbon nitride (CN). Sulfur doping changed the texture as well as relative band positions of CN. By growing CN on preformed sulfur-doped CN nanosheets, composite CN/CNS heterojunction nanosheets were constructed, which significantly enhanced the photoelectrochemical performance as compared with various control counterparts including CN, CNS and physically mixed CN and CNS (CN+CNS). The enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of CN/CNS heterojunction nanosheets could be ascribed to the efficient separation of photoexcited charge carriers across the heterojunction interface. The strategy of designing and preparing CN/CNS heterojunction photocatalysts in this work can open up new directions for the construction of all CN-based heterojunction photocatalysts.
L'impact de la crise financière sur la finance responsable en France, vers une structuration plus durable du secteur ?
Authors: Cuénoud Thibault
Published: June 2014

La contraction des principaux indicateurs macroéconomiques et macro-financiers depuis 2008 témoigne d’une dégradation généralisée et durable de la croissance française. Ce climat n’est pas pour autant spécifique à d’autres crises financières. Le patrimoine financier des ménages français, au regard de la dernière enquête INSEE (2010), témoigne à nouveau d’un redéploiement des actifs vers des placements moins risqués. Mais la récente crise semble traduire un besoin de transparence, de compréhension et d’utilité dans l’épargne allouée au marché financier. L’explosion de placements financiers qualifiés de responsables, au sens de Glémain (2010), interpelle quant à l’appropriation durable par les épargnants des spécificités de ces actifs. Cet article pose la question de la pérennité de ce trend sectoriel haussier. S’agit-il d’une véritable prise de conscience collective vis-à-vis d’une finance plus responsable ? Ou bien uniquement d’un effet opportun et conjoncturel au regard de certaines caractéristiques de ces actifs en temps de crise ?
L'impact de la constitution des chartes d'éthique en achat
Authors: Husser Jocelyn
Published: June 2014

L’impact des chartes d’éthique en achat est abordé à partir de l’analyse de contenu qualitatif d’un corpus de chartes et de l’analyse du processus d’élaboration de la charte dans trois entreprises appartenant à l’indice Euronext SBF 120. Cet impact est également analysé à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de 16 acheteurs de ces mêmes entreprises. Les analyses menées reposent sur la conception de la visée éthique de Ricœur (1990) : elle est utilisée ici comme modèle d’approche des discours et des démarches éthiques dans le domaine des achats. Un lien est établi entre la manière d’impliquer les acteurs à son élaboration et l’acceptabilité de la charte. Les principaux résultats de la recherche montrent que la charte en achat est insuffisante pour faire intégrer des comportements éthiques. Le message participe à rendre la charte en achat acceptable s’il comprend des valeurs que chacun puisse partager au quotidien, s’il implique et reconnaît l’humanité dans la relation avec les fournisseurs.
De la responsabilisation du système de santé selon la reforme HPST : la loi, le discours et l'éthique
Authors: Malherbe Denis
Published: June 2014

Le parlement français a voté en 2009 la loi « Hôpital, Patients, Santé, Territoires » (HPST) afin d’améliorer la performance du système de santé. Cette réforme veut responsabiliser les régions, réseaux et organisations de santé en modifiant leurs structures de gouvernance et de coopération. Au travers de ses sources officielles (la loi), elle reprend nombre d’arguments de la Nouveau Management Public ( New Public Management) , en liant a priori légitimité sociale et discours sur l’efficience économique. HPST propose ainsi une certaine vision du système de santé comme bien commun (l’éthique). Mais quelle est la portabilité d’un modèle de responsabilisation inspiré du champ actionnarial et concurrentiel, lorsqu’il est appliqué à un secteur d’intérêt général, intensément professionnalisé et aussi indispensable que coûteux pour la collectivité ? Face à cette complexité, cette réflexion critique éclaire les limites, confusions et risques du décalage persistant, au sein des autorités de régulation, entre le besoin éthique d’une juste refondation des pratiques de gouvernance et la réponse institutionnelle d’une réforme centrée sur les structures et outils formels de gouvernement.
Pour une évaluation qualitative participante inhibitrice du risque psychosocial
Authors: Haim Patrick
Published: June 2014

La surcharge de travail et des délais de réalisation trop courts tout comme la pression de la hiérarchie, des clients, des autorités publiques et les non-atteintes d’objectifs peuvent conduire le salarié à un état dépressif. Cet état constitue un risque pour lui-même, pour son entourage et pour l’entreprise qui l’emploie. Une santé fragile, une énergie qui décroit et un manque de concentration se conjuguent souvent à une faible considération d’autrui, un manque de coopération et de confiance et des sensations de mal-être. Un engagement participatif insuffisant des ressources humaines fait partie des indicateurs de risque psychosocial que les entreprises ne prennent pas en compte dans leurs tableaux de bord classiques essentiellement quantitatifs. Effectuer une «  évaluation qualitative participante  », qui laisse l’initiative d’actions au collaborateur, permet de réduire le risque psychosocial inducteur de coûts et de non-performances. C’est le constat réalisé auprès d’une centaine de téléopérateurs après 2 ans de recherches/intervention.
Le rôle de la formation dans l'acceptation de l'intranet 2.0 : le cas d'un établissement bancaire français
Authors: Azzouz Mahdi , Bidan Marc
Published: June 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre l’influence des dispositifs de formation sur les croyances et les attitudes des utilisateurs finaux d’intranet 2.0. En se référant à l’intranaute comme unité d’analyse, les effets directs et indirects de la formation sont testés sur trois modalités d’évaluation des intranets : la satisfaction qui en est retirée, l’usage qui en est fait et les impacts qui en sont perçus. Ce modèle est testé auprès de 312 intranautes appartenant à un établissement bancaire français. Les données collectées sont traitées en recourant à une analyse exploratoire (analyse factorielle exploratoire) puis confirmatoire (analyse factorielle confirmatoire, méthodes des équations structurelles). Il apparaît qu’il existe une certaine complémentarité entre trois formes d’apprentissage, à savoir : apprentissage par analogie, apprentissage par l’expérimentation et l’apprentissage formalisé. Chacune de ces formes peut être considérée comme un levier d’action au sein de l’établissement bancaire afin d’y faciliter l’acceptation de l’intranet et l’adhésion des agents organisationnels à l’esprit de la technologie. Les responsables chargés de la gouvernance du système intranet sont invités à fournir aux utilisateurs les outils nécessaires afin d’instaurer un climat de partage, d’échange et de collaboration au sein de l’établissement bancaire.
Understanding gut microbiota in elderly's health will enable intervention through probiotics
Authors: Pérez Martínez G. , Bäuerl C. , Collado M.C.
Published: June 2014

Today, advances in the public health system of most countries have managed to extend notably life expectancy, however, elderly's health remain as a very serious concern. The lifelong stimulation of innate and adaptive immune systems leads to immunosenescence and, as result, to a low ability to produce immunoglobulins against pathogens but also to a low-grade chronic inflammatory state (inflammaging) that is linked to most age-related health problems, such as dementia, Alzheimer or atherosclerosis. This inflammatory state could make the host more sensitive to intestinal microbes, or vice versa, as changes in the gut microbiota composition are related to the progression of diseases and frailty in the elderly population. It was considered that gut microbiota changed during aging, with an increase of Bacteroidetes vs. Firmicutes proportion and a reduction of bifidobacterial counts, however recent studies reported a great inter-individual variation among elderly and a significant relationship between gut microbiota, diet and institution or community living. Intervention studies of probiotics and prebiotics in elderly are not very abundant, but most cases showed that Bifidobacterium populations can efficiently be stimulated with a concomitant decrease of Enterobacteria. Furthermore, also some studies demonstrated that probiotics decreased the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are upregulated in the elderly, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor ?, among others, and they increased the levels of activated lymphocytes, natural killer cells, phagocytic activity and even showed a greater response to influenza vaccination. This suggests that direct manipulation of the gut microbiota may improve adaptive immune response and reduce inflammatory secretions, therefore compensating immunosenescence effects, however, there are no records of their effect on clinical symptoms or risk for disease. Those facts reveal that this is an open research field with very good scientific perspectives and above all they could bring likely improvements in the wellbeing of our seniors.
Effect of tablets containing probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus reuteri) on early caries lesions in adolescents: a pilot study
Authors: Keller M.K. , Nøhr Larsen I. , Karlsson I. , Twetman S.
Published: June 2014

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of tablets containing probiotic lactobacilli on early caries lesions in adolescents with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 36 healthy adolescents of both sexes (12-17 years of age) were enrolled and randomly allocated to a placebo-controlled trial with two parallel groups. The test group received two tablets daily containing two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) for a period of three months, while the control group got identical placebo tablets without live bacteria. The primary outcome was QLF-readings (change in fluorescence, ΔF and lesion area, mm2) at baseline and after 3 months, conducted at two buccal sites of each individual, pre-selected with clearly visible clinical signs of enamel demineralisation (white spots). Significantly more premolars were allocated to the placebo group, while the test group had more incisors (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in fluorescence values between the groups, neither at baseline, nor at the follow-up. There was however a significant decrease in fluorescence over time in the test group, but not in the placebo group (P<0.05). No alterations of the lesion area (ΔA) were found in any group. The inter-examiner intra-class correlation coefficient-value for QLF-readings was excellent. No side- or adverse effects were reported during the intervention period. This pilot study found a significant decrease over time in the test group. However, no statistically significant differences in fluorescence values between the groups were found. Hence, the null hypothesis could not be rejected.
Antroponimia y lenguas prerromanas en las islas Baleares
Authors: Velaza Javier
Published: June 2014

En este trabajo se estudia la cuestión de la realidad lingüística de las islas Baleares en época prerromana a partir de los antropónimos documentados en las inscripciones.
Pedir perdón en latín. El acto de habla de la disculpa en las obras de Plauto y Terencio
Authors: Unceta Gómez Luis
Published: June 2014

El presente trabajo propone un análisis pragmático de la noción de "disculpa" en el corte sincrónico que reflejan las obras de Plauto y Terencio, lo que permite profundizar en la expresión de la cortesía lingüística en latín. El acto lingüístico de la disculpa se define como el intento de reparar una ofensa cometida contra el interlocutor, para así regresar a la situación de equilibrio original. Por ello, resulta un acto de habla intrínsecamente cortés hacia el destinatario, pues salvaguarda su imagen social, mientras que pone en peligro la del emisor. Se ofrece aquí una descripción de las estrategias expresivas para la disculpa reconocibles en el corpus mencionado, que atiende a los contextos de uso y a posibles diferencias provocadas por el perfil del hablante.
El texto de Terencio: nuevos datos a la luz del Commentum Monacense
Authors: San Juan Manso Enara
Published: June 2014

Dentro de la complejidad que caracteriza a la historia del texto de Terencio, los lemas del Commentum Monacense, conservado en el ms. München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14420, ff. 79-144 (M), se nos presentan como un miembro más de la denominada familia θ. Los lemas de M presentan, en concreto, a lo largo de las seis comedias de Terencio una extraordinaria similitud con el texto del ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 7900A (Pc), lo cual obliga a postular la existencia de un modelo común inmediato para ambos mss. Las glosas de M y de Pc parecen indicar, por un lado, que ese modelo común inmediato estaría situado en una posición relativamente alta del stemma del texto de Terencio y, por otro, que, conteniendo aquel simultáneamente lecciones propias de las ramas δ y γ, habría sido cotejado con la ayuda de otro ms. con lecciones propias de cada una de las ramas.
Sobre la identidad del “físico” citado en la col. IV del papiro de Derveni
Authors: Megino Carlos
Published: June 2014

Se intenta establecer qué filósofo o, en su defecto, movimiento filosófico, satisface la doctrina sobre la plegaria y el azar que el comentarista del papiro de Derveni atribuye al «físico» que cita en la col. IV, de modo que pueda ser con cierta probabilidad el objeto de la cita. En este contexto, se discute la posibilidad, defendida por Ferrari, de que pudiera tratarse de Demócrito, ofreciéndose argumentos complementarios a favor de esa hipótesis.
Composición escrita y primera poesía lírica griega
Authors: Giangrande Giuseppe
Published: June 2014

Se pone de relieve que la transmisión de la poesía lírica griega fue escrita, no oral.
La salud y sus determinantes sociales. Desigualdades y exclusión en la sociedad del siglo XXI
Authors: Palomino Moral Pedro A. , Grande Gascón María Luisa , Linares Abad Manuel
Published: June 2014

El concepto de salud ha experimentado un proceso de revisión constante. Desde mediados del siglo XX se ha producido un desplazamiento desde la búsqueda de las causas de la enfermedad centradas en el individuo a la aparición de los determinantes sociales, los principales moduladores del fenómeno salud y la enfermedad. Hoy sabemos que la salud y la calidad de vida son un resultado social directamente relacionado con las condiciones generales de la vida de las personas y con la forma de vivir; en este sentido se han hecho notables esfuerzos en las últimas décadas para comprender cómo interactúan los determinantes sociales y se producen los resultados en salud. Analizamos las aportaciones que han conseguido poner de manifiesto los principales factores generadores de las desigualdades sociales incluyendo un análisis de las desigualdades en salud de las mujeres, la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de exclusión.
Movimientos sociales, responsabilidad corporativa e inclusión social en la globalización
Authors: Alberich Tomás
Published: June 2014

En los años setenta se inaugura un ciclo de sucesivas crisis socioeconómicas hasta el comienzo en 2008 de la actual, marcada por el capitalismo especulativo que es el creciente en las dos últimas décadas y que se desarrolla al hilo de la globalización neoliberal. En el artículo se describen cuatro posiciones dominantes en los sistemas político-económicos actuales y cómo desde una de ellos (capitalismo auto-reglado) se potencia un Estado de Bienestar a la baja en favor de una Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) en alza. Mediante la utilización de tetralemas también se describen las cuatro variantes principales de la RSC y cómo son utilizadas por asociaciones no lucrativas y movimientos sociales, desde sus diferentes posturas y en sus relaciones con los ámbitos del poder público y privado, describiendo el ejemplo de las asociaciones de acción social de la discapacidad.
Los riesgos de exclusión social en un contexto de incertidumbre
Authors: Castel Robert
Published: June 2014

En las siguientes líneas se realiza una disertación sobre la gran transformación de los procesos de exclusión social que, agravados por la crisis, tiene como resultado una multiplicación de las categorías sociales con dificultades de integración. Los procesos que les afectan tienen el mismo origen y se apoyan en una creciente degradación del mercado de trabajo y a la creciente asociación del trabajo y la pobreza, que conlleva la construcción de una frontera difusa entre éste y la asistencia, la pérdida del derecho de auxilio, a un proceso de culpabilización de las coberturas sociales, a un cambio de tendencia del welfare al “work far” y, en definitiva, a una pérdida de reconocimiento de los derechos, que requieren la colectivización de los medios para combatirlos y la movilización de los diferentes tipos de colaboradores concernidos en la defensa de los derechos de las categorías cada vez más numerosas.
Introducción a través de la figura de Robert Castel
Authors: Sotomayor Morales Eva María , Grande Gascón María Luisa
Published: June 2014

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