bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
国际法院对国际人权法的阐释与发展
Authors:   Professor of International Law and Human Rights, Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, University of Oslo, Norway & Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration,, Zyberi Gentian
Published: June 2024

本文采用制度主义研究路径，分析了国际法院在国际裁判和执行人权方面的作用，以及它在阐释和发展基本人权规则和原则方面的贡献。国际法院是联合国主要机关之一，也是其主要的司法机关，在国际裁判机制中享有重中之重的特殊地位。国际法院对阐释和发展人权法的贡献可以从三个角度来看：第一，在程序角度，它进一步推动了人权的可诉性。第二，在实体角度，它不仅分析了非殖民化背景下的民族自决权问题和一些公约项下的人权保护范围，还处理了人权公约义务的领土范围问题、国家责任归属问题以及国际不法行为的赔偿问题，为国家、国际组织及其机构、其他法律实体甚至个人制定了行为标准。第三，在制度角度，它确保了联合国人权问题报告员的独立性和不可侵犯性，对联合国大会和安全理事会在维护国际和平与安全方面的职能作出建设性的阐释，并对其遵守国际人权义务的情况进行监督。然而，一些案件体现出国际法院在审理人权案件时存在的管辖权漏洞和其他障碍，它对国际法中某些有争议的问题持谨慎立场。这意味着国际法院有时在实施人权保护方面可能施加的影响有限。 This article uses an institutional approach when discussing the role of the ICJ within the context of international adjudication and enforcement of human rights, as well as its contribution to the interpretation and development of key human rights rules and principles. As one of the main UN organs and its principal judicial organ, the ICJ enjoys a somewhat special position as first among equals. The Court’s contribution to the interpretation and development of human rights can be seen from three aspects. Firstly, from the procedural aspect, the Court furthered the justiciability of human rights. Secondly, from the substantial aspect, the Court has dealt not only with the right to self-determination within the decolonisation context and the scope of human rights protection under the convention, but also with the territorial scope of human rights treaties’ obligations, aspects of attribution of State responsibility and issues concerning reparations for internationally wrongful acts, which lays down standards of conduct for States, international organisations and their organs, other legal entities and even individuals. Thirdly, from the institutional aspect, the ICJ ensures the independence and inviolability of UN human rights rapporteurs, the constructive interpretation of the functions of the General Assembly and the Security Council in matters of international peace and security and their monitoring of compliance with international human rights obligations. However, several cases have highlighted the jurisdictional gaps and other obstacles to litigating human rights cases before the Court. These cases have also highlighted the Court’s guarded position on certain controversial issues under international law. It shows that the limitations to the Court’s potential impact on the enforcement of fundamental human rights.
元宇宙背景下个人生物信息的法理辨析及保护路径
Authors:   University of Manchester, UK, Pei Ruwen*
Published: June 2024

元宇宙是借助数字技术打造的沉浸式全息虚拟社会，其实现需要依靠增强现实（AR）、虚拟现实（VR）等沉浸式技术设备获得用户的动态，在此过程中需要大量收集用户的身体特征数据、手势动作、眼球位置信息等广义的“个人生物信息”。当前，我国《个人信息保护法》对于广义上的“个人生物信息”并无明确定义，仅将“个人生物识别信息”列举为“特殊个人敏感信息”的七种情形之一。结合个人生物信息在元宇宙中的技术中立、平台管理、跨国利用、去中心化追责风险，应拓宽“个人生物识别信息”的法律概念，将“可识别”纳入其概念范畴内，以回应个人生物信息的广义内涵。此外，还需要建立去中心化身份认证系统，完善 “My Data” 数据模式，并强化代码与法律的互补，以构建更加全面和有效的个人生物信息保护机制，在技术发展的同时确保个人隐私不受侵害，构建安全、公正、有序的元宇宙环境。 Metaverse is an immersive holographic virtual society created with the help of digital technology, the realisation of which needs to rely on immersive technological devices such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) to obtain the dynamics of the user, and in the process needs to collect a large number of user’s physical characteristics data, gestures, eye position information and other broadly-defined “personal bio-information”. Currently, China’s Personal Information Protection Law does not have a clear definition of “personal biological information” in the broad sense, and only lists “personal biometric information” as one of the seven types of “special personal sensitive information”. It only lists “personal biometric information” as one of the seven cases of “special personal sensitive information”. Taking into account the risks of technological neutrality, platform management, transnational use and decentralisation of personal biometric information in the meta-universe, the legal concept of “personal biometric information” should be broadened to include “identifiable” in its conceptual scope, in order to respond to the broad connotation of personal biometric information. The legal concept of “personal biometric information” should be broadened to include “identifiable” in order to respond to the broader meaning of personal biometric information. In addition, it is also necessary to establish a decentralised authentication system, improve the “My Data” data model, and strengthen the complementarity between code and law, in order to build a more comprehensive and effective protection mechanism for personal biometric information, to ensure that personal privacy is not infringed upon while the technology develops, and to build a safe, just and orderly meta-universe environment.
Safety and efficacy of electric cardioversion in the emergency department: analysis of associated factors according to gender
Authors: Miota Hernández Natalia , Canadell Marcos Naila , García-Martínez Ana , del Olmo Vargas Cristina , Massó Muratel Marta , Miravalles Fernández Ester , Sánchez Marcos Carolina , Sentís Virgili Laia , Valencia Molina Joan Batista , Coll-Vinent Puig Blanca
Published: June 2024

Objetivos. Conocer la seguridad y eficacia de la cardioversión eléctrica (CVE) en la fibrilación auricular (FA) en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH). Método. Estudio observacional y retrospectivo realizado en un SUH. Se revisaron los episodios de FA en pacientes con edad igual o mayor a 18 años a los que se les realizó CVE en el SUH o se les programó de forma diferida. Las variables resultado fueron: reversión a ritmo sinusal (RS), efectos adversos inmediatos (hipotensión, arritmia y broncoaspiración), reconsulta a 90 días por FA y desarrollo de complicaciones (ictus, hemorragia mayor, insuficiencia cardiaca y mortalidad). Se estudiaron los factores asociados a recurrencia y efectos adversos, y se analizaron las diferencias por sexo. Resultados. Se incluyeron 365 episodios de CVE (67 años; 38,6% mujeres); el 75,1% se realizó en el SUH y el 24,9% se derivaron para CVE diferida. El 90,7% revirtieron a RS. La CVE urgente fue más efectiva que la diferida (OR 4,258; IC 95% 2,046-8,859; p < 0,001). No hubo efectos adversos inmediatos graves. El 16,7% de pacientes reconsultaron por FA en los 90 días posteriores. Los factores asociados a reconsulta fueron insuficiencia cardiaca (HR 2,603; IC 95% 1,298-5,222; p = 0,007), apnea del sueño (HR 2,598; IC 95% 1,163-5,803; p = 0,020) y, en mujeres, hipertensión arterial (HR 3,706;IC 95% 1,051-13,068; p = 0,042). Tras la CVE, 11 pacientes presentaron eventos adversos tardíos que incluyeron ictus (n = 2), hemorragia mayor (n = 1), insuficiencia cardiaca (n = 5) y muerte (n = 3). Conclusiones. La CVE es útil, eficaz y segura para la FA en los SUH, aunque las recurrencias son frecuentes. Los factores asociados a recurrencia difieren entre sexos.
Agroforestry as a Sustainable Solution for Mitigating Climate Change Impacts and Addressing Water Scarcity in Tunisia: A Review
Authors: Zouari Marwa , Hachicha Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Agroforestry, as a sustainable land management practice, has garnered attention worldwide for its potential to mitigate climate change impacts and address water scarcity issues. In Tunisia, where climate change-induced stresses are increasingly affecting agriculture and water resources, agroforestry presents a promising solution. This review paper examines the importance of agroforestry in Tunisia within the context of climate change, water shortage, and treated wastewater utilization. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, the paper elucidates the ecological, economic, and social benefits of agroforestry practices in Tunisia. Additionally, it discusses the role of agroforestry in enhancing resilience to climate change, conserving water resources, and utilizing treated wastewater sustainably. Furthermore, the paper evaluates policy support and identifies challenges hindering the widespread adoption of agroforestry in Tunisia. Overall, this review underscores the significance of agroforestry as a multifaceted approach to sustainable land management in Tunisia, offering recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to promote its implementation and integration into national strategies.
Rheological Properties of Blood in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Treated with Local Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Preliminary Report
Authors: Onik Grzegorz , Knapik Katarzyna , Sieroń Aleksander , Sieroń Karolina
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Physical medicine modalities constitute complementary therapy in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Any previous study assessed the influence of local hyperbaric oxygen therapy applied with Oxybaria-S device on blood rheology.
La tutela judicial efectiva en la reanudación de las audiencias en acción de protección
Authors: Arguello-Piedra Engred Geesel , Carrillo-Dueñas Pablo Neptali
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica aborda el problema de las demoras en la reanudación de audiencias en las acciones de protección en Ecuador, y su impacto en la tutela judicial efectiva. El objetivo principal es analizar las causas de estas demoras, evaluar su efecto sobre los derechos de los ciudadanos y proponer soluciones basadas en la literatura y estudios comparativos. La metodología empleada incluye una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura académica, análisis de jurisprudencia relevante y estudios de casos nacionales e internacionales. Se revisaron bases de datos jurídicas y documentos de organismos internacionales para obtener una comprensión completa del tema. Los resultados indican que las principales causas de las demoras incluyen la sobrecarga de trabajo en los tribunales, la falta de recursos, problemas administrativos y la falta de coordinación entre las partes involucradas. Comparativamente, se observa que países como Chile y varios estados europeos han logrado reducir significativamente estos tiempos mediante la implementación de tecnologías avanzadas de gestión de casos y la modernización de la infraestructura judicial. Las conclusiones destacan la necesidad urgente de reformas estructurales en el sistema judicial ecuatoriano. Se recomienda la adopción de tecnologías de gestión de casos, la capacitación continua de jueces y personal judicial, y una mayor participación de la sociedad civil para mejorar la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas. La comparación con otros sistemas judiciales sugiere que estas medidas pueden ser efectivas para reducir las demoras y garantizar una tutela judicial efectiva.
Humour as Self-Deprecation in Born a Crime: Stories from South African Childhood by Trevor Noah
Authors: Ngcobo Sandiso
Published: June 2024

Born a Crime: Stories from South African Childhood is a captivating memoir penned by a globally acclaimed South African comedian, Trevor Noah, delving into the hardships he and those around him endured during the oppressive Apartheid-era government and colonialism. This article analyzes instances where the comedian author employs a self-deprecating humour style to add depth to his narrative of stories from South African childhood. To conduct this analysis, we adopt cognitive and incongruity theoretical frameworks. Our methodology is qualitative, involving the analysis of selected texts to present thematic data. The findings reveal that the author’s transparency about his life, from the title of the book to his relationships with others, delves into painful details of his childhood experiences during the traumatic history of the nation in which there was oppression. However, he presents these experiences with self- deprecating humour that simultaneously entertains and educates readers about the socioeconomic issues prevalent in South Africa at the time. Noah's storytelling strategy can be understood within the context of comedians' freedom to explore sensitive matters about themselves to entertain their audience.
Concept of “Go Green” in O.V. Vijayan’s the Legends of Khasak: Growing Consciousness towards Mother Nature
Authors: Yadav Simran , Mehta Naveen Kumar
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the global “Go Green” movement has garnered significant attention, serving as a universal call to embrace sustainable living and prioritize environmental conservation. Drawing inspiration from Vijayan's literary masterpiece, this study explores the parallels between the ecological challenges faced by the fictional world of Khasak and the urgent issues confronting our planet today. The Legends of Khasak intricately examines the intricate relationship between its characters and nature, offering a lens through which we can understand the intricate interplay between human actions and the environment. This paper posits that the “Go Green” movement, with its focus on sustainable practices, conservation, and the safeguarding of Mother Nature, resonates deeply with the themes presented in Vijayan's work. The Present Paper aims to explore the Concept of Go Green in O.V. Vijayan’s The Legends of Khasak in the backdrop of growing consciousness towards Mother Nature. Keywords: humanity, crises, suffering, nature, environment, pollution
Short Incursion into Artistotle’s View of Natural Languages
Authors: Butiurcă Doina , Muraru Ana Denisa
Published: June 2024

The opinion that the theory of the linguistic sign starts with Ferdinand de Saussure, who defines this unit from a different perspective than the formal perspective adopted by Linguistics or the content perspective, adored by philosophers is not unanimously accepted. More than two millennia ago, Aristotle meditated in nuce on the mechanisms of human language, of the conventional rapport between language and the objects of the outer world, but also on the parts of speech – noun, verb, connectors etc. It is the general objective we start from in our study. Of the derived objectives we propose to study the relationship between language and thought, the status of language in the thinking process, the relationship between language, Logic and knowledge processes etc. The descriptive-linguistic method, the comparative, analytical method are among the research modes used in our study
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN THỪA CÂN - BÉO PHÌ    Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA SẦM SƠN NĂM 2022
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hường , Lê Đức Cường , Nguyễn Trọng Hưng
Published: June 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến thừa cân-béo phì (TCBP) ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa thành phố Sầm Sơn, tỉnh Thanh Hóa.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 350 người bệnh tăng huyết áp. Số liệu nhân trắc (cân nặng, chiều cao, vòng eo, tỷ lệ mỡ cơ thể), chế độ ăn, hoạt động thể lực, nồng độ cholesterol và triglycerid máu của đối tượng nghiên cứu được thu thập để đánh giá các yếu tố liên quan đối với TCBP.
Kết quả: Người bệnh có cholesterol và triglycerid cao có khả năng TCBP cao hơn người bệnh có nồng độ các chất này ở mức bình thường (OR lần lượt là 2,3 và 1,7, p<0,05). Người bệnh không hoạt động thể lực thường xuyên có khả năng bị TCBP cao hơn so với nhóm người có tập luyện thường xuyên (OR=2,1; p <0,05); người bệnh ăn ít rau xanh và quả tươi, ăn mặn và nhiều dầu mỡ có khả năng bị TCBP cao hơn nhóm người bệnh ăn nhiều rau xanh và quả tươi, ít ăn mặn, ăn ít dầu mỡ (OR=3,0 ; p <0,05).
Kết luận: Một số yếu tố liên quan đến TCBP ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp là rối loạn lipid máu, không hoạt động thể lực thường xuyên, chế độ ăn không hợp lý. Các yếu tố này nên được tác động để cải thiện trong can thiệp dự phòng TCBP ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp.
Боловсролыг системийн үзлээр хөгжүүлэх шийдлүүд
Authors: Миеэжав Итгэл , Хажидмаа Отгонбаатар , Ухнаа Туяа , Лхагвасүрэн Эрдэнэ , Давга Пунцагсүрэн
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to identify models for improving the structure, content, and framework of education by systems view. The research methodology consisted of 2 phases: discovering the content and framework of education, and the second, improving the content. The results of the study confirmed classification of educational framework and the developing solutions of 3 models: the system-environment relationship, functions/structural and dynamic models of the education. In terms of the classification of educational, it means nano, micro, meso, macro and supra systems. Systems-environment Relationship Model of education: education system is part of a larger eco-system. Functions/structural model consists of 7 components: aim, learner, curriculum, administration-management, educational environment, and evaluation-monitoring. The dynamic model of education is the time series ranking of the above 7 components.
Мэргэжлийн боловсрол, сургалтын байгууллагын суралцагчдын цахим сургалтын бэлэн байдлын судалгааны үр дүн
Authors: Банзрагч Буяндэлгэр , Шаравжамц Мөнхбат , Балжинням Гэрэлмаа , Батмандах Баярсайхан
Published: June 2024

Технологийн хурдацтай хөгжил нь хүний амьдрах, суралцах, ажиллах арга барилыг бүхэлд нь хувирган өөрчилж байна. Энэхүү хувьсал нь амьдралын хамгийн энгийн зүйлээс эхлээд нарийн төвөгтэй инноваци хүртэл бүх хүрээг хамарч байгаа бөгөөд биднээс илүү уян хатан, хурдацтай дасан зохицохыг шаардаж байна. Дэлхий нийтээр уг хувьсан өөрчлөгдөж буй нийгмийг хүлээн зөвшөөрч байгаа хэдий ч түүнийг даган хувьсах хурд улс орон бүрд харилцан адилгүй, ялангуяа газар зүй, эдийн засаг, физик, хэл шинжлэлийн саад бэрхшээлээс үүдэлтэй тэгш бус байдал нь дижитал хуваагдлыг үүсгэж байгааг олон судлаачид баримтжуулсан. Мөн цахим сургалтын хүртээмж, хамрагдалт, тоног төхөөрөмжийн хүрэлцээ, интернетийн боломжийн талаар судалгаанууд цөөнгүй байгаа боловч, цахим сургалтын бэлэн байдал, түүнд нөлөөлж байгаа хүчин зүйлийн талаар судалгаа хомс байна. Иймд монголын  дээд боловсролын салбарт батлагдсан SOLR (Student Online Learning Readiness) олон улсын судалгааны хэрэгсэл ашиглан МБС-ын салбарын цахим сургалтын бэлэн байдал, түүнд нөлөөлөх хүчин зүйлсийг судаллаа.
Боловсролын ирээдүйн чиг хандлага: Баримт бичгийн шинжилгээний зарим үр дүн
Authors: Ухнаа Туяа , Мажигсүрэн Хүрэлтогоо , Ганболд Бүрэнжаргал , Алтангэрэл Мөнхмагнай
Published: June 2024

Боловсролын ирээдүйн чиг хандлагыг судлах зорилгоор зарим судалгааны тайлан, бодлогын баримт бичгийг сонгон судалсан үр дүнг энэхүү өгүүллээр танилцуулж байна. Сонгож баримт бичгийг шинжлэхдээ а) ирээдүйн боловсролыг судлах хэрэгцээ шаардлага, ирээдүйн иргэний дүр төрх б) ирээдүйн боловсролд баримтлах үзэл баримтлал, тогтолцоо в) боловсролын шинэчлэлийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд анхаарах зүйл гэсэн үзүүлэлтийг ашиглан агуулгын шинжилгээ (content analysis) хийсэн болно. Боловсролын ирээдүйтэй холбоотой нэр бүхий бүтээлүүдийг тодорхой үзүүлэлтийн дагуу судалж, боловсролын ирээдүйн хөгжлийн үзэл баримтлал, бодлого чиглэлийг тодорхойлж буй байдлыг илрүүлэх нь боловсрол судлаачдын хувьд төдийгүй цаашид Монгол Улсын боловсролын ирээдүйн чиг хандлагыг тодорхойлоход ач холбогдолтой байх тул бид энэхүү шинжилгээг хийсэн болно. Шинжилгээний үр дүнд боловсролын ирээдүйн чиг хандлагыг “Ирээдүйн нийгмийн иргэн, Боловсролын ирээдүйн хөгжлийн үзэл баримтлал, боловсролын тогтолцооны өөрчлөлт болон боловсролын бодлогын шинэчлэлийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд анхаарах асуудал” гэсэн хүрээнд тодорхойлох боломжтой байна. Энэ нь шинжилгээнд авсан баримт бичгүүдийн агуулгыг бүрэн хамрахгүй боловч боловсролын ирээдүйн чиг хандлагыг тодорхойлоход зайлшгүй авч үзэх асуудал мөн юм.
From Screen to Table: Understanding Customer Intentions in GrabFood Adoption
Authors: Sandra Oky Puspita , Nasution Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra , Harahap Ramadhan
Published: June 2024

This study investigates how perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and various food choices impact customers' intentions to adopt food delivery services via the GrabFood application. The research methodology involved a survey utilizing questionnaires for data collection. Regression analysis findings reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and various food choices significantly influence customer intentions. Both perceived usefulness and convenience positively and significantly affect customer intentions, while various food choices also wield a notable influence. These results contribute to theoretical comprehension by furnishing empirical evidence of the interaction among these factors and customer intentions, thereby advancing the theoretical framework of technology acceptance and consumer behavior. The practical implications are outlined within this study.
Los dilemas de la élite empresarial en la posconvertibilidad. Un recorrido por la compleja relación entre la Asociación Empresaria Argentina y los gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2015)
Authors: Zublena Matías
Published: June 2024

Este artículo analiza la forma en la que la Asociación Empresaria Argentina (AEA) se ha vinculado frente a los gobiernos del ciclo kirchnerista (2003-2015), atendiendo a sus dilemas, posicionamientos y estrategias. La relación entre gobierno y élite empresaria atravesó diferentes fases que, con sus matices, pasaron del apoyo y el acompañamiento a la resistencia y la oposición abierta. El desempeño económico, las herramientas de política económica que el gobierno implemento y el acceso de la Asociación a las decisiones políticas, condicionaron dicha trayectoria. La estrategia organizativa y política de la AEA fue sufriendo transformaciones con el aumento de las tensiones con un gobierno que empezaron a considerar demasiado intervencionista. Ello le posibilitó construir alianzas multisectoriales, con las fuerzas políticas opositoras, el poder judicial y un amplio abanico del espectro empresarial.
Libradas a su suerte. Las compañías ferroviarias de capital británico en la Argentina frente a la desvalorización del peso y el control de cambios. 1930-1939
Authors: Lopez Mario Justo
Published: June 2024

A partirde1930 las compañías ferroviarias de capital privado en la Argentina perdieron rentabilidad. La pérdida de tráfico, fundamentalmente por la recesión, la devaluación de la moneda argentina y la creciente competencia automotor han sido consideradas las causas de aquella pérdida. Este trabajo analiza el caso de las cuatro compañías más importantes, todas de capital británico: los ferrocarriles Sud, Oeste, Central Argentino y Pacífico. Al hacerlo se pone el acento, específicamente, en la cuestión de la desvalorización del peso moneda nacional (la moneda papel) con relación a la libra británica y en qué medida ello fue debido al control de cambios impuesto por el gobierno argentino en 1931, renovado en 1933 y mantenido sin mayores modificaciones hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las compañías ferroviarias realizaron múltiples gestiones para obtener una tasa especial de cambio a fin de dar mayor valor en libras a sus ingresos en moneda argentina, directamente ante las autoridades del país o a través de la diplomacia británica y también buscaron en un posible aumento de tarifas una forma de compensar la deteriorada paridad monetaria. En todas esas gestiones no tuvieron éxito alguno poniendo de relieve un cambio de actitud del gobierno argentino que pasó de considerar a la actividad ferroviaria como pilar fundamental del progreso económico a preferir la promoción del transporte por carretera. Este cambio de actitud fue el comienzo de la decadencia del extenso sistema ferroviario argentino.
De viajes intensos y transformaciones: El sistema de transporte público de pasajeros y la crisis de 1930 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Cuesta Eduardo Martín , Basyk Paloma
Published: June 2024

En las últimas décadas se ha producido una expansión de los estudios sobre la historia de los transportes y demás servicios urbanos. Para el caso de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, varios e interesantes trabajos han demostrado la evolución del sistema público de transporte urbano de pasajeros, su complejización y transformación para atender las demandas de una urbe en crecimiento vertiginoso desde fines del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Pero esto no estuvo exento de conflictos y problemas. En este trabajo se buscará analizar el impacto de la crisis de 1930 en el sistema de transporte en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se parte de la hipótesis de que, la expansión del servicio estuvo en relación con la demanda de transporte y ocupación del espacio, pero que, con la crisis económica de 1930, se agudizaron los problemas que ya estaban presentes en la década de 1920. Lo cual tensionó al sistema, y a las empresas que prestaban el servicio. En consecuencia, se consolidaron tendencias de medio plazo en las características y demandas del sistema de transporte, así como surgieron tensiones que eclosionarían más adelante.
Vialidad, turismo y empresas de transporte en el ciclo conservador-demócrata en Mendoza, Argentina (1932-1943)
Authors: Bianchi Palomares Pablo , Luis Natalia
Published: June 2024

La década de 1930 fue particularmente relevante en la consolidación de Mendoza como destino turístico del centro-oeste de Argentina. Las políticas públicas implementadas por los gobiernos conservador-demócratas dieron un fuerte impulso al turismo: entre otras acciones, la mejora de las vías de comunicación terrestre fue crucial para conectar la ciudad capital con los destinos suburbanos y de montaña. En este contexto, las primeras empresas de transporte colectivo y las asociaciones civiles que fomentaban el turismo mecanizado, jugaron un papel fundamental en la vinculación de Mendoza con otras provincias y con Chile. La investigación aborda las políticas públicas del ciclo conservador-demócrata, la acción de las empresas de transporte, el crecimiento de la red vial, los cambios en las pautas de consumo turístico y las representaciones sociales construidas en torno del viaje en vehículos a motor. Revistas y folletos promocionales, estadísticas oficiales, guías de viaje y publicidades en prensa, constituyen las principales fuentes de consulta del trabajo. El modelo narrativo histórico, con foco en el análisis del discurso, el análisis fotográfico y de documentos históricos, publicaciones periódicas y publicaciones oficiales, permiten revisitar los pasos inaugurales del turismo moderno en Mendoza, desde una perspectiva escasamente explorada por la historiografía local.
O HISTORIADOR E O DILEMA DE PENSAR HISTORIOGRÁFICO EM SUAS NARRATIVAS
Authors: Santos Tiara Cristiana Pimentel dos
Published: June 2024

Construir a narrativa histórica no século XXI é desafiador para o historiador, que busca plausibilidade e imparcialidade. As fontes primárias são essenciais, usando crítica e hermenêutica. A memória desempenha papel importante, coletando relatos orais e memória pessoal do autor, evitando imprecisões históricas. A memória varia entre indivíduos e pode se perder ao longo do tempo. O historiador lida com o tempo presente ao interpretar o passado, rompendo a divisão temporal. A escrita histórica requer organização e busca pela verdade em meio à infinitude do tempo.
Alman Hukukundaki Düzenlemeler Işığında Türk Hukukunda Yapı Malikinin Sorumluluğuna Yeni Bir Bakış
Authors: Özyakışır Özkan
Published: June 2024

Yapı malikinin sorumluluğu, Türk hukukunda kurtuluş kanıtı dahi getirilemeyen bir kusursuz sorumluluk hâli olarak düzenlenmişken; Alman hukukunda kusur sorumluluğu olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak Alman hukukunda, mağdur tarafın (zarar görenin) kusuru ve illiyet bağını ispatlamasının zorluğundan yola çıkılarak yapı malikinin sorumluluğuna ilişkin hükümde (BGB m. 836) ispat yükü özel olarak düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre, Alman hukukunda yapı maliki, kusurlu olmadığını, yapının güvenliğini sağlamak için gösterdiği çabayı, günlük hayattaki olağan ve gerekli özeni gösterdiğini ispatlamakla yükümlüdür. Bahsi geçen hususların yapı maliki tarafından ispatlanması durumunda, BGB m. 836 kapsamında sorumluluk söz konusu olmaz. Alman hukukunda yapı malikinin sorumluluğu, “yıkılma” ve/veya “kopma” olaylarıyla sınırlı olarak düzenlenmiştir. BGB m. 836’nın uygulama alanı, somut olarak yıkılma ve/veya kopma olaylarına özgüdür. Türk hukukunda ise, yıkılma ve/veya kopma özel olarak aranmamakta; bina veya diğer yapı eserinin yapılışındaki bozukluk veya bakımındaki eksikliğin genel olarak vereceği zararlardan bahsedilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, yapı malikinin sorumluluğuna ilişkin Türk hukukundaki düzenlemeleri (TBK m. 69-70) ve Alman hukukundaki düzenlemeleri (BGB m. 836-838) incelemek suretiyle, Türk hukukuna dair bazı değerlendirmeler ve önerilerde bulunmaktır.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a injuria renal aguda en adultos mayores hospitalizados.
Authors: Márquez Maldonado Carol Estefania , Rivera Gonzalez Sonia Catalina
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a persistent disorder that acts as a morbidity and mortality factor in hospitalized older adults. It is a public health problem associated with several factors, some modifiable.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Cuenca in the HVCM emergency service from March 2018 to March 2020. The sampling was probabilistic, evaluating 200 older adults. The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria were used to determine and classify AKI. The data were analyzed with the SPSS v.20.0 program, using the prevalence ratio (PR) to measure association, with a 95% CI and statistical significance P <0.05.
Results: The mean age was 80 ± 8.37 years, the female gender predominated, and the majority had a primary education level. The prevalence of AKI was 33%. Four out of ten older adults had AKI stage 3, and more than half had high blood pressure and use nephrotoxic. The associated factors were sepsis (PR 2.27; 95%CI 1.58- 3.27; P =0.0002), dehydration (PR 1.73; 95%CI 1.18-2.54; P =0.006), and diabetes mellitus (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.07– 2.34 P =0.0181).
Conclusion: more than a third of hospitalized older adults presented AKI; KDIGO stage 3 predominated and was associated with sepsis, dehydration, and diabetes mellitus
Determination of soil organic carbon content of agricultural soils for proper soil management in Matazu and Musawa, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Matazu M B , Nasiru R , Garba N N , Bello S
Published: June 2024

Soil organic carbon is a significant parameter for estimating the global carbon cycle, which makes great sense in soil management and future climate scenario prediction.  This work uses 30 heterogeneous soil samples from agricultural and non-agricultural farmlands and soil erosion areas in Matazu and Musawa LGAs to determine soil organic carbon content at the field level in Matazu and Musawa Local Government Areas, Katsina State, Nigeria.  Soil samples were meticulously collected from the 0-10cm depth using a hand auger.  These samples were obtained from three distinct clusters: agricultural and non-agricultural farmlands and soil erosion areas.  The selection of sample locations considered the varied soil types, historical land use, and management practices.  Ten soil samples were randomly gathered within each cluster, ensuring a representative and diverse set of samples for analysis.  The Warlkey and Black and Hydrometer methods were used to determine the soils' organic carbon contents and particle size distribution, respectively.  The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 23 software.  Two-sample t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out.  The soil organic carbon contents of the studied area were 0.29 ± 0.16 g/kg (0.16 – 0.34 g/kg) and 0.28 ± 0.14 g/kg (0.14 - 0.36 g/kg) for Matazu and Musawa, respectively.  The study concludes that the organic carbon content helps improve sustainable agricultural productivity due to proper and efficient land use management practices.
Occurrence of Carcinogens and their Potential Effects on Human Health – A Review
Authors: Agboola Oludare Oladipo , Emmanuel Andrew Oche , Sabina Chioma Eze , Anejo-Okopi Joseph , Naomi Acham Iiehi , Ene Unazi Irene , Olowoyo Joshua Oluwole
Published: June 2024

The significant rise in cancer incidence and related deaths makes cancer one of the biggest threats to public health.  Each year, there are about 10 million new cases of cancer and 6 million resultant deaths.  In compliance with the disease triangle, the etiology of human cancer can be successfully traced to different environmental sources.  Humans are continuously exposed to a wide range of different cancer-causing agents called carcinogens, such as household cleaners, solvents, pesticides, food additives, polluted air or environment, and other products.  The Classification of Human Cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph series was used as the primary data source for this review.  We listed the cancer sites related to each agent based on the IARC review.  Sources of these carcinogens were further grouped into classes in the IARC monograph.  Home chemicals, environmental pollutants, occupational environments, environmental or medical radioactivity, drugs, microorganisms, contaminated air, and nutritional and behavioral choices are the sources of human exposure to carcinogens.  The degree and frequency of exposure to carcinogens have a significant impact on their ability to cause cancer.  The knowledge of carcinogens is crucial to creating awareness of cancer and advising the masses to reduce exposure to some environmental substances that are liable to cause cancer.
Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana against some Human Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Mansur Murtala Musa , Sani Jibril Mohammed , Ajoose Daneil Jesuwenu , Suraj Abdulmalik , Mohammed Bashir Mayaki , Abubakar Usman , Sulaiman Yusuf , Muslim Ismail , Abdulkarim Madu Him , Nuhu Zandam Danladi , Abdulsalami Halimat , Kamoru Adeniyi Abdulazeez
Published: June 2024

Humanity has long been creating traditional treatments based on the knowledge of medicinal plants found worldwide. The medicinal potential of Acalypha wilkesiana in treating skin and gastrointestinal problems is highly appreciated. This study aimed to examine the Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract's antibacterial effectiveness against a variety of human bacterial infections. Standard techniques were used to determine whether secondary metabolites were present in methanolic, ethanolic, and hot water extracts. The plant extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria obtained from Bells University of Technology, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Agar diffusion was used for antibacterial activities, and Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. According to the study's findings, the plant sample included flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, and saponins. With a MIC of 2.5 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and 5.0 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, hot water extract exhibited the highest activity level against all tested isolates. As a result, Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
Anaerobic Digestion of Maize Husk in Co-Digestion with Goat and Cow Dung for Enhanced Biogas Production
Authors: Salihawa Naja'atu Rabiu , Kawo Abdullahi Hassan , Shamsuddeen Umar
Published: June 2024

In recent investigations, Anaerobic co-digestion has been superior to traditional anaerobic digestion (AD).  The advantages of employing co-substrates for improved bioenergy generation and solids reduction have drawn researchers to investigate the co-digestion technology and understand the impact of multiple substrates on digester performance.  This study aimed to generate biogas by co-digestion of maize husk with cow and goat dung as substrates, isolate the bacteria involved in the process, and assess the quantity and makeup of the biogas generated by the substrates.  The substrates were fed to mini-digesters fabricated in the laboratory using 1L bottles for 49 days’ retention time.  It assessed the production potential of the substrates for biogas yield in mono-digestion and co-digestion.  The average biogas yield (cm3) and methane content (%) in the D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6 were 9135 (58%), 8660 (71%), 9820 (69%), 6545 (65%), 5915 (48%) and 1965 (21%) respectively.  The highest gas yield was observed in digesters with co-digestion of the substrates (D1 and D2) than the mono-digestion of the GD and CD by 35.2% and 24.4%, respectively, with an improvement in methane content.  The process was carried out in a mesophilic condition and a pH range of 6.8-8.2.  The study's findings showed that the most frequently isolated and identified bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus species, indicating that these species are essential to the microbial activities involved in biogas production.  The investigation additionally showed that maize husk in co-digestion with cow dung and goat dung had great potential for generating and producing large quantities of biogas within 49 days’ retention time.
Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Ricinus communis Linn. Seed oil
Authors: Muhammad F E , Daniyan S Y
Published: June 2024

Ricinus communis (R. communis) is a plant in the spurge family that has been traditionally used to treat numerous ailments.  The study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals present in R. communis seed oil and its antimicrobial efficacy.  The phytochemicals were quantified using standard procedures, and antimicrobial activity was carried out using broth dilution method at -100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/ml of the seed oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus.  Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and tannins were detected with varying concentrations.  The highest MIC value, 100 mg/ml, was recorded against fungal isolates, while the lowest, 12.5 mg/ml, was recorded against S. aureus. Similarly, the highest MLC was recorded against the fungal isolates, and the lowest value of 50 mg/ml was recorded against all the bacterial species.  The seed oil contained an appreciable amount of phytochemicals and exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested isolates.
The Attributes of Biofertilizer as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer: A Mini Review
Authors: Ibrahim Umar Balarabe , Fardami Aminu Yusuf , Sabitu Muntasir , Aliyu Aminu , Jodi Abubakar Muazu , Hauwau Hussain , Lawal Ibrahim , Isah Muhammad , Dalhatu Abdullahi Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

Traditional soil management relies heavily on inorganic fertilizers, raising environmental and health concerns. A fertile soil requires a precise ratio of inorganic and organic components, with topsoil crucial for plant growth. Essential plant elements include macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micronutrients (zinc, iron). Soil composition must balance minerals, air, water, and living matter. Macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) are pivotal in plant growth. Potassium influences water regulation, root development, and crop resilience. Phosphorus, crucial for seed development, is essential for legume development. Nitrogen from nitrates, ammonium, and urea is indispensable for protein synthesis and overall plant growth. Biofertilizers, containing active microorganisms, offer an alternative to inorganic fertilizers. They enhance soil fertility, water and nutrient uptake, and plant tolerance to environmental variables. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM), silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) are common groups of bacteria that play different specific roles in defining biofertilizer. Bacterial genera such as Rhizobium (a symbiotic nitrogen fixer known for forming nodules on legumes), Azotobacter (a free-living nitrogen fixer known for enhancing sugar content in crops), Azospirillum (a bacterium known for enhancing nitrogen content in non-leguminous plants) and Anabaena-Azollae (a symbiotic relationship between a cyanobacterium and lower plants known in fixing nitrogen and promotes growth in various crops). As agriculture continues to evolve, embracing biofertilizers represents a promising step toward a more sustainable and resilient future.
A model for Optimal Pricing and Ordering Strategies for Perishable Goods with Delayed Deterioration, Two-Stage Demand, and Partial Backorders under Delayed Payment Acceptance
Authors: Ahmed Aisha Madugu , Bature Babangida , Idris Ibrahim M , Lawal Mustapha Malumfashi
Published: June 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study introduces a novel economic order quantity (EOQ) model for managing non-instantaneous deteriorating items under two-phase demand rates and linear holding costs, incorporating constant partial backlogging and two-level pricing strategies within a trade credit framework.
The model uniquely addresses the complexities of time-dependent quadratic demand before deterioration and constant demand afterward, providing optimal solutions for maximizing total profit by determining the best timing for positive inventory, cycle length, and order quantity.
The research not only establishes the theoretical existence and uniqueness of these optimal solutions but also demonstrates practical implications through numerical examples and sensitivity analyses, highlighting the critical impact of deterioration rates on inventory management and profitability.

Full Abstract
This research developed an economic order quantity model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with two-phase demand rates, linear holding cost, constant partial backlogging rate and two-level pricing strategies under trade credit policy.  It is assumed that the holding cost is linear time-dependent, the unit selling price before deterioration sets in is greater than that after deterioration sets and the demand rate before deterioration sets in is considered as continuous time-dependent quadratic, after which it is considered as constant up to when the inventory is completely exhausted.  Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged.  The purpose of the model is to determine the optimal time with positive inventory, cycle length and order quantity such that the total profit of the inventory system has a maximum value.  The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions have been established.  Some numerical examples have been given to illustrate the theoretical result of the model.  Sensitivity analysis of some model parameters on the decision variables has been carried out and suggestions towards maximising the total profit were also given. , it is seen that the higher the rate of deterioration  the lower the optimal time with positive inventory ( ), cycle length order quantity  and the total profit  and vice versa.  This implies that the retailer needs to take all the necessary measures to avoid or reduce deterioration to maximise higher profit.  Based on the results application of the model led to an increase in revenue.
Limnological Characteristics, Phytoplankton Assemblage and Environmental Assessment of Hadejia River, North-Western Nigeria: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Zakariya Ali Muhammad , Muhammad Salim Abdulkadir , Murtala Maryam Badamasi
Published: June 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty

This study is the first of its kind that offers a comprehensive analysis of phytoplankton dynamics in the Hadejia River, highlighting significant spatial and temporal variations in relation to key limnological variables.
It uniquely identifies the influence of environmental factors on specific phytoplankton species and provides baseline data for future ecological monitoring.
The research showcases the impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality, particularly at Station B, contributing critical insights into the river's ecological health and informing conservation strategies.

Full Abstract
This study assesses variations in phytoplankton abundance, composition, and distribution in the Hadejia River in relation to key limnological characteristics across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Over six months in 2018, water samples were collected from the river and analyzed for environmental variables alongside the quantification and identification of phytoplankton using standard protocols. pH and temperature measurements were conducted in situ. Results indicated significant variations (P < 0.05) in pH, temperature, turbidity, nitrate, and phosphate levels across different months, although no significant differences were observed between sampling stations. The highest nitrate value (5.41 mg/L) and phosphate levels (6.55 mg/L) were recorded in August at Station B (STB). 693 Phytoplankton individuals from five divisions were identified, with peak abundance, composition, and distribution observed during the dry season. Key species such as Selenastrum bibraianum, Tetraedron regulare, Tabellaria flocculosa, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Microcystis aeruginosa, Rhabdoderma lineare and Tabellaria fenestrate were consistently present throughout the study period. Shannon_H diversity index values for Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, and Euglenophyta ranged between 1.34-2.02, while Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta exhibited reduced diversity (1-1.32) and species richness (0.55-0.68) at STB. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the selected environmental variables strongly influenced phytoplankton abundance and diversity, with the exception noted for Microcystis aeruginosa, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Rhabdoderma lineare, and Chlamydomonas ehrenbergii. These results suggest deterioration in water quality, particularly at STB, possibly due to anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, this study provides valuable baseline data for future research endeavors aimed at monitoring and managing the ecological health of River Hadejia
Analysis of Geochemical Parameters for Surface and Groundwater in Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Namadi Abdulrahman Z , Anaegbu J O , Yahaya A A
Published: June 2024

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty• This study provides novel insights into the geochemical parameters of surface and groundwater in Zuru, Kebbi State, revealing significant differences in water quality. • By systematically comparing these values against WHO standards, the research identifies groundwater as more suitable for consumption and domestic use. • This comparative analysis offers new, region-specific data that contributes to the understanding of water quality in southern Kebbi State, addressing a critical gap in localized environmental health research.
Full Abstract
As one of the fundamental elements of life, living nature could not survive without water.  Contaminated water consumption can lead to water-borne diseases and can also cause gastrointestinal illnesses, nervous system illnesses, reproductive effects, and chronic diseases such as cancer.  In this study, some geochemical parameters were analysed for surface and undergroundwater around Zuru in southern part of Kebbi state. The result was compared with WHO's prescribed standard for quality water consumption.  Four samples of each surface and groundwater were collected from various geographical locations within Zuru for analyses to determine density, conductivity, total hardness, calcium (Ca2+) hardness, magnesium (Mg2+) hardness, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) by employing scientific and technological approaches.  Surface water has higher values for mean total hardness (93.8 mg/L), the average value for calcium (62.0 mg/L), magnesium (Mg2+) hardness (44.0 mg/L), and the mean value for total dissolved solids (TDS) (620 mg/L), while groundwater has lower values for mean total hardness (30.0 mg/L), the average value for calcium (26.0 mg/L), magnesium (Mg2+) hardness (17.0 mg/L) and mean value for total dissolved solids (TDS) (564.5 mg/L).  Groundwater has higher values of average density (0.92 g/cm3), conductivity (114.3µS/cm), and average pH level (7.0), while surface water has lower values of average density for (0.90 g/cm3), conductivity (76.1µS/cm), and average pH level (6.9).  The research has shown that groundwater is favourably more recommended for drinking and other domestic usages.