bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
9. 4E Music Cognition in Theory and Practice
Authors: Schiavio Andrea , van der Schyff Dylan
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into a recently developed psychological framework known as '4E cognition' (embodied, embedded, extended, enactive) with a dedicated focus on music. Through an exploration of various musical examples, we illuminate each 'E' individually, spanning diverse musical domains such as perception, (remote) learning, performance, and development. To begin, we elucidate the foundational principles of the 4E approach by tracing its origins in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science. Subsequently, we delve into an examination of the implications of each 'E' for musical cognition. Our aim is to showcase the relevance of the 4E framework for music research, offering insight into how bodily interaction with the environment shapes both musical experience and learning. We contend that this viewpoint unveils a continuum between musical activity and the broader concept of human flourishing.
13. The Lived Experience of Radical Acceleration in the Biographical Narratives of Exceptionally Gifted Adult Musicians
Authors: Jovanović Milanović Olja , Altaras Dimitrijević Ana , Mutavdžin Dejana , Bogunović Blanka
Published: June 2024

Although acceleration is fairly common in the education of musically gifted individuals, it has not been studied as much in this population as in the academically gifted. Little is known about the effects and experience of acceleration from the perspective of the musically gifted adult. Seeking to address this gap in the literature, this chapter explores the lived experience of acceleration of four adult musicians, all of whom (a) originated from Serbia, (b) were judged as exceptionally musically gifted in childhood and (c) underwent radical acceleration, eventually entering the music conservatory three or more years ahead of their study cohort. Conducting semi-structured interviews and employing interpretative phenomenological analysis, we uncover how these individuals experienced two critical developmental transitions―deciding to study music at the university level and starting a career as a professional musician―given that they made these transitions at a very young age. We learn that rather than being merely an ‘educational intervention’, radical acceleration has shaped numerous aspects of our participants’ lives, not limited to their professional careers and artistry, but also affecting their social, emotional and identity development.
15. Theoretical and Practical Challenges in Dealing with Music Performance Anxiety
Authors: Habe Katarina , Biasutti Michele
Published: June 2024

Of all the psychological problems faced by musicians, music performance anxiety (MPA) is the most prevalent at all levels. MPA emerges at early ages with a fear of performing in front of others that can persist throughout life; even some elite musicians regularly cope with it. In this chapter, we discuss terminology, contemporary models, and contributions to the understanding of MPA offered by studies in the Western Balkans. MPA is a complex, multifaceted issue that contains several aspects and challenges. We address prevention and intervention approaches, reconsidering MPA as pre-performance excitement that can contribute to optimal flow states. Developmental and educational perspectives on coping with pre-performance sensations (bodily, cognitive, and emotional) are highlighted. The importance of a continuous process in building psychological skills for optimal music performance as a regular part of the music education curriculum is emphasised.
16. How do European and Western Balkans Conservatoires Help Music Students with their Health and Well-being?
Authors: Matei Raluca , Ginsborg Jane
Published: June 2024

This study captured and compared the variety of health education courses in music higher education in Europe (E) and the Western Balkans (WB). Respondents were asked about the aims of such courses, their design, content, length, teaching staff, target population, and evaluation methods. A 38-item survey was open to school administrators and course leaders for each course completed in, or planned, during the 2016–17 (E) and 2019–20 (WB) academic years, respectively. The data was analysed descriptively. Having been implemented earlier, courses in E tended to be more practical than theoretical, compulsory rather than optional, and designed by more interdisciplinary teams. Courses in WB focused more on psychology than anatomy and hearing health. The variety of courses raises questions about the need for more precise guidelines and a broader definition of health.
Let Us Transform the Portfolio Into a Strength-Based Self-Advocacy Tool
Authors: Boehning Madeline P. , Holliday Catherine
Published: June 2024

Special education teachers use portfolios as alternative assessment and progress-monitoring tools. However, a multimodal, strengths-based portfolio has much more potential as a self-advocacy tool for students with varying abilities to showcase their strengths and interests, much like the portfolios adults use in the workplace. This paper conceptualizes the portfolio as a self-advocacy tool and presents suggested guidelines, an optional portfolio template, and student examples to illustrate the power of multimodal, strength-based portfolios. Through collaborative planning and reflection, special education teachers could work alongside general education teachers and families as they help students create portfolios and learn to use them as self-advocacy tools at their next IEP meeting and beyond.
Function and activity capacity at 1 year after the admission to intensive care unit for COVID-19
Authors: Hussain Netha , Hansson Per-Olof , Samuelsson Carina M , Persson Carina U
Published: June 2024

Objective

To describe hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control at one year following intensive care unit admission for COVID-19, and to find any predictors that are associated with impaired hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, or postural control at the 1-year follow-up.

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study.

Setting

Intensive care unit and outpatient research clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

Participants

Of the 105 individuals in “The Gothenburg Recovery and Rehabilitation after COVID-19 and Intensive Care Unit” cohort, 78 participated in this study.

Main measures

Descriptive statistics for hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control were presented and binary logistic regressions were performed to find their significant predictors.

Results

At 1-year following intensive care unit admission for COVID-19, impaired hand grip strength was found in 24.4% for the right hand and 23.1% for the left hand. Walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control were found to be impaired in 29.5%, 21.8%, and 5.1%, respectively. For impaired walking speed, longer length of stay at intensive care unit and presence of diabetes mellitus were risk factors. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the risk factor for impaired functional mobility.

Conclusion

In this study, 45% of the participants showed impairment in function, activity capacity or both. These results suggest that individuals who recovered after intensive care unit admission for COVID-19 would benefit from receiving long-term follow-up to enable identification of those with need of physical health assistance and rehabilitation.
Innovative hybrid nanocomposites of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 reinforced with sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Khan Zahid Iqbal , Habib Unsia , Mohamad Zurina Binti , Tufail Arbab , Raji Abdulwasiu Muhammed , Khan Asmat Ullah
Published: June 2024

This research delves into the novel development of hybrid nanocomposites using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET)/polyamide (PA11) with sepiolite, enhanced by the integration of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP). Five different formulations were produced using co-rotating twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding techniques. The optimal blend, which includes equal amounts of sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets (phr, 1 part per hundred resin each), exhibited a tensile strength of 54.5 MPa, representing an increase in tensile strength by 46.5% and an increase in percent strain by 59% as the GNP content increased from 0.2 to 1 phr, replacing sepiolite. Young’s modulus of hybrid nanocomposites varied between 1020 and 1285 MPa, indicating a significant enhancement. Flexural strength in the best-performing hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 phr of sepiolite and 1 phr of GNP (HNC-G1.0) increased by 61.65% to 76.46 MPa from 47.3 MPa (HNC-G0.0). In contrast, its flexural modulus reached 2668 MPa from HNC-G0.0 (1730 MPa), demonstrating substantial improvements. The impact strength also showed a notable 83% rise from HNC-G0.0 (252.97 J/m) to 463.18 J/m (HNC-G1.0). Despite these mechanical enhancements, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. At the same time, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that the melting temperature remained stable, ensuring consistent processing conditions. This innovative research paves the way for advanced applications of rPET, particularly in the automotive industry. It marks a significant advancement in polymer science, promoting sustainable solutions and high-performance hybrid nanocomposites.
‘You Go on One of These Protests, Your Child Could Get Hurt . . . ’ Fighting Political Fear and the ‘Sinister’ Narrative During the Irish Anti-Water Charges Campaign (2014–2016)
Authors: Murray Michael
Published: June 2024

This article examines how working-class activists challenged and overcame political fear narratives during the anti-water charges campaign in Ireland (2014–2016), with specific focus on the ‘sinister’ narrative, an attempt by the government and its supporters to frame working-class protestors as violent, irrational and extremist. Rather than subscribing to the position that political fear is ubiquitous or the reflection of a general societal malaise, this paper follows Jeffries’ argument that political fear is mediated, contested and contradicted. While political fear operates most effectively when targeting expectations for normal living, it is these same expectations that offer fertile ground for opposing fear threats. Drawing on interviews from activists, this paper shows how the ‘normal living’ becomes a key context in which ‘deviance framing’ around class and gender can be reappropriated/reframed by activists, particularly through the deployment of counter spectacles and through the reframing of what constitutes legitimate emotional responses to government-initiated fear threats. Finally, while political fear can have an individualising effect, this paper demonstrates how subjective and individual acts of transgression are mediated through a collective and community lens as the crucial element in overcoming political fear.
Clinicopathologic Characterization of Sarcina ventriculi in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ettel Mark , Cai Zhenjian , Liao Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

The bacterium Sarcina ventriculi (SV) is rarely identified in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has been associated with diverse clinical presentations. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features of SV in the GI tract. Seventeen specimens (3 gastrectomy and 14 biopsy specimens) with histologic diagnosis of SV were identified and analyzed. The patients (9 female, 8 male) had a median age of 65 (range 32–86) years. Five (30%) patients presented acutely with GI bleeding or altered mental status. Other relevant symptoms included abdominal pain ( n = 6, 35%), diarrhea ( n = 4, 24%), dysphagia/dyspepsia ( n = 3, 18%), and nausea/vomiting ( n = 3, 18%). SV organisms were mainly identified in the stomach ( n = 14, 82%), rarely at the gastroesophageal junction ( n = 2, 12%), esophagus ( n = 2, 12%), or duodenum ( n = 1, 6%). Endoscopically, retained food debris was found in 5 of 13 (38%) examined patients. Histologically, the majority of specimens (12 out of 17, 71%) showed mild alterations including reactive gastropathy, inactive gastritis, or reflux (Grade 1). The other 5 specimens (29%) demonstrated erosion, ulcer, necrosis, or perforation (Grade 2). The most commonly associated comorbidities were diabetes mellitus ( n = 10, 59%), gastroparesis/outlet obstruction ( n = 10, 59%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease ( n = 6, 35%). Upon follow-up, 3 (18%) patients with acute phlegmonous gastritis died shortly after gastrectomy. Our case series, the largest reported so far, describes a spectrum of histologic severity associated with SV infection. Diabetes and gastroparesis/outlet obstruction manifested as retained food debris endoscopically are common findings with SV, and may provide a growth medium for this organism and provoke pathogenicity contributing to fatality in acute conditions.
A case of chronic survivance: Decolonizing the epidemiology of HIV
Authors: Bujan Ivan
Published: June 2024

This paper argues that integrating Native American art, tradition, and healing practices into public health offers an effective intervention for revitalizing conventional sexual health strategies within Native American and Two-Spirit communities. To illustrate, the paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of various practices employed by Sheldon Raymore, a Two-Spirit artist and storyteller from the Cheyenne River Sioux nation, including performance, tipi-making, and beading. To bridge the gap between care methodologies in settler clinics, focused on behavior change and biomedicine, and Native American healing practices rooted in tradition and ceremony, the paper introduces a conceptual framework termed “chronic survivance.” This framework merges Western epidemiological terminology with the Indigenous concept of “survivance,” coined by Anishinaabe cultural theorist Gerald Vizenor, which emphasizes themes of Indigenous survival and resistance amidst ongoing adversity. By employing this framework, the paper challenges the conventional understanding of HIV epidemiology, proposing that chronicity involves a complex interplay of discursive, cultural, and biopolitical practices, thus amenable to decolonization. Chronic survivance emerges as a tool for reimagining Indigenous well-being, bridging disparate traditions, and sustaining the enduring essence of Indigeneity amidst the persistence of U.S. settler colonialism.
Extended limit-collapsed surfaces using fragility analysis of high voltage transmission towers located in coastal areas under wind load
Authors: Kwon Kyungrok , Choi Youngjin , Choi Yangrok , Han Whi Seok , Kim Jeong Hun , Kong Jung Sik
Published: June 2024

Abstract When evaluating the fragility of structures in response to wind loads, vulnerability analyses are often conducted under intact conditions. Therefore, the actual strength of aged transmission towers may be compromised, resulting in severe damage. Especially for steel structures used over a long period in coastal areas, there is a potential for performance degradation due to corrosion. One of the high-voltage transmission towers, the 765 kV transmission tower, is taller than other towers, making it more vulnerable to strong winds in the event of corrosion. In this study, the structural performance degradation of 765 kV transmission towers in coastal regions based on their service life was investigated. Capacity distributions were provided considering the uncertainties in various parameters, such as the wind attack angle and material properties. A fragility assessment process that accounts for uncertainties in the wind conditions and aerodynamic parameters is proposed. Using the research results, we created limit-collapsed surfaces to evaluate the structural safety of transmission towers based on their service life, wind speed, and wind attack angle. The results showed a quantitative decrease in structural safety due to corrosion depending on the service life, with the most unfavorable wind attack angle being 0°. The proposed limit-collapsed surface can help efficiently evaluate structural conditions considering wind speed, wind attack angle, and service life. Hence, this study can serve as a basis for the structural evaluation of modern transmission towers to avoid power disruptions in major cities.
Morpho-constitutional analysis of urolithiasis and in vitro litholytic evaluation of select plants against diverse renal calculi variants
Authors: Belhachem Abdelaali , Makhloufi S. , Lecheheb R. , Mediouni D. , Bennekrouf A. , Amiar A. , Bengueddach A. , Belkacem W. , Boudia F. , Yousfi M. J. , Toumi H.
Published: June 2024

Background

This study explores the potential litholytic activity of medicinal plant infusions, specifically Arenaria rubra, Hordeum vulgare, and Zea mays, as well as a combination of these infusions, on various types of urinary calculi. Given the traditional use of these plants in managing kidney stones and the need for alternative treatments, this investigation aims to assess their efficacy in dissolving different types of calculi.

Materials and methods

Samples representing calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), cystine (Cy), uric acid (UA), and calcium phosphate (CP) calculi were analyzed using FTIR and optical microscopy. Herbal infusions were prepared at a concentration of 14 g/l, and the dissolution capacity was evaluated by incubating the calculi samples in the infusions for eight weeks. Microscopic examination and statistical analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of the infusions.

Results and discussion

Limited dissolution of COM and COD calculi was observed with the infusions, consistent with their known resistance to dissolution. Significant dissolution effects were observed for Cy, UA, and CP calculi, especially with infusions of A. rubra and H. vulgare. These findings suggest the potential of plant infusions as complementary therapeutic agents for certain types of kidney stones.

Conclusion

This study highlights the promising litholytic activity of medicinal plant infusions, specifically A. rubra and H. vulgare, which indicates a significant dissolution of various urinary calculi. While further research is needed to validate these findings, integrating plant infusions, extracts, or essential oils into clinical practice could offer additional treatment options for managing kidney stones and preventing recurrence.
Genome-wide identification of ATG genes and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses in Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Authors: Guan Chenhui , Li Yalun , Wang Qiong , Wang Jiajia , Tian Caijuan , He Yuying , Li Zhaoxia
Published: June 2024

Background

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in eukaryotes that contributes to cell survival in response to multiple stresses and is important for organism fitness. Extensive research has shown that autophagy plays a pivotal role in both viral infection and replication processes. Despite the increasing research dedicated to autophagy, investigations into shrimp autophagy are relatively scarce.

Results

Based on three different methods, a total of 20 members of the ATGs were identified from F. chinensis, all of which contained an autophagy domain. These genes were divided into 18 subfamilies based on their different C-terminal domains, and were found to be located on 16 chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that ATG genes were extensively distributed in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression levels were detected in muscle and eyestalk. To clarify the comprehensive roles of ATG genes upon biotic and abiotic stresses, we examined their expression patterns. The expression levels of multiple ATGs showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, with the highest expression levels observed at 6 h and/or 24 h after WSSV injection. The expression levels of three genes (ATG1, ATG3, and ATG4B) gradually increased until 60 h after injection. Under low-salt conditions, 12 ATG genes were significantly induced, and their transcription abundance peaked at 96 h after treatment.

Conclusions

These results suggested that ATG genes may have significant roles in responding to various environmental stressors. Overall, this study provides a thorough characterization and expression analysis of ATG genes in F. chinensis, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies and promising potential in innate immunity.
GWAS combined with QTL mapping reveals the genetic loci of leaf morphological characters in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Ji Yan , Liu Guoxiang , Yan Sifan , Jiang Xun , Wu Mengting , Liu Wei , Li Yuan , Yang Aiguo , Dai Peigang , Du Shuaibin , Li Yangyang , Wang Jun , Zhang Xingwei
Published: June 2024

Background

Leaf morphology plays a crucial role in photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential in crops. Cigar tobacco plants, which are derived from common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), possess special leaf characteristics including thin and delicate leaves with few visible veins, making it a good system for studying the genetic basis of leaf morphological characters.

Results

In this study, GWAS and QTL mapping were simultaneously performed using a natural population containing 185 accessions collected worldwide and an F2 population consisting of 240 individuals, respectively. A total of 26 QTLs related to leaf morphological traits were mapped in the F2 population at three different developmental stages, and some QTL intervals were repeatedly detected for different traits and at different developmental stages. Among the 206 significant SNPs identified in the natural population using GWAS, several associated with the leaf thickness phenotype were co-mapped via QTL mapping. By analyzing linkage disequilibrium and transcriptome data from different tissues combined with gene functional annotations, 7 candidate genes from the co-mapped region were identified as the potential causative genes associated with leaf thickness.

Conclusions

These results presented a valuable cigar tobacco resource showing the genetic diversity regarding its leaf morphological traits at different developmental stages. It also provides valuable information for novel genes and molecular markers that will be useful for further functional verification and for molecular breeding of leaf morphological traits in crops in the future.
The abnormalities of free fatty acid metabolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yuan Zhongyu , Wang Shengwei , Zhao Shifeng , Cui Hao , Lai Yongqiang
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown the importance of energy deficiency and malfunctioning mitochondria in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There has been a little research into the relationship between plasma free fatty acids (FFA), one of the heart’s main energy sources, and HCM. We evaluated its clinical importance in HCM to see if there was a link between plasma FFA metabolism and HCM.

Methods

In a single-center retrospective observational study, we investigated 420 HCM patients diagnosed at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Meanwhile, 1372 individuals without HCM (non-HCM) were recruited. 391 non-HCM patients were chosen as controls via a propensity score matching (PSM) study with a 1:1 ratio.

Results

FFA in HCM patients showed statistically significant correlations with creatinine (r = 0.115, p = 0.023), estimated GFR (r=-0.130, p = 0.010), BNP (r = 0.152, p = 0.007), LVEF (r=-0.227, p < 0.001), LVFS (r=-0.160, p = 0.002), and LAD (r = 0.112, p = 0.028). Higher FFA levels were found in HCM patients who had atrial fibrillation and NYHY functional classes III or IV (p = 0.015 and p = 0.022, respectively). In HCM patients, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BNP and LVEF had independent relationships with increasing FFA (Standardized = 0.139, p = 0.013 and =-0.196, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Among HCM patients, the plasma FFA concentration was lower, and those with AF and NYHY functional class III or IV had higher FFA levels, and LVEF and BNP were independently associated with increasing FFA. The findings of the study should help inspire future efforts to better understand how energy deficiency contributes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) development.
Advanced HIV disease and associated factors among young people aged 15—24 years at a tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Baldeh Mamadu , Kizito Samuel , Lakoh Sulaiman , Sesay Daniel , Williams Samuel Adeyemi , Barrie Umu , Dennis Frida , Robinson Dimbintsoa Rakotomalala , Lamontagne Franck , Amahowe Franck , Turay Patrick , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Geng Elvin , Ssewamala Fred M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Advanced HIV disease (AHD) in young people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an increasingly pressing public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global progress in early HIV testing and reducing HIV-related deaths, many youths experience increased rates of HIV disease progression in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the burden, clinical manifestations, and factors for disease progression among young PLHIV aged 15 – 24 years seeking medical services at a major public hospital in Sierra Leone.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV patients aged 15 to 24 seen at Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone between September 2022 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of AHD in young PLHIV and performed logistic regression modelling to explore predictors of AHD. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests.

Results

Of the 581 PLHIV that were reported, 238 (40.9%) were between the ages of 15 and 24 years, with a median age of 22 (20—24), and 151 (63.5%) were females. On review, 178 (74.8%) has initiated antiretroviral therapy regimen (ART); 117 (65.7%) were actively on ART for ≤ 6 months, while 114 (64%) had interruptions with their ART treatment. The overall prevalence of AHD was 41.6% (99/238); 46.7% (35/68) of young PLHIV at the HIV clinic, and 39.3% (64/163) of admission. Sex—Female (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.94; p = 0.030), and Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10 – 0.78; p = 0.015) have significantly lower odds of AHD in the entire study population. While for inpatients, Age (young Adults) of PLHIV (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00–1.52; p = 0.047) had 1.23 times the odds of AHD compared to adolescents, and being female (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.84; p = 0.024), Overweight—Body mass index (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.77; p = 0.028), Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.52; p = 0.008) have significantly lower odds of AHD. Common conditions reported for the AHD group in the medical wards are tuberculosis (13.58%), hepatitis B (6.13%), Kaposi sarcoma (3.07%), and oesophagal candidiasis (2.45%).

Conclusion

We reported a high prevalence of advanced HIV among young patients in a tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone. One in two young PLHIV aged 15 to 24 years reported AHD, emphasizing the need to strengthen public health measures that address access to and retention of HIV services.
IDEAL-IQ combined with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for quantitative diagnosis of osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Zhe , Liu Chenglong , Shi Zhaojuan , Qin Jian
Published: June 2024

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mineral content and microstructural damage, leading to increased fracture risk. Traditional methods for measuring bone density have limitations in accurately distinguishing vertebral bodies and are influenced by vertebral degeneration and surrounding tissues. Therefore, novel methods are needed to quantitatively assess changes in bone density and improve the accurate diagnosis of OP.

Methods

This study aimed to explore the applicative value of the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation-iron (IDEAL-IQ) sequence combined with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Data from 135 patients undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), IDEAL-IQ, and IVIM-DWI were prospectively collected and analyzed. Various parameters obtained from IVIM-DWI and IDEAL-IQ sequences were compared, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups for FF, R2*, f, D, DDC values, and BMD values. FF and f values exhibited negative correlations with BMD values, with r=-0.313 and − 0.274, respectively, while R2*, D, and DDC values showed positive correlations with BMD values, with r = 0.327, 0.532, and 0.390, respectively. Among these parameters, D demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy for osteoporosis (AUC = 0.826), followed by FF (AUC = 0.713). D* exhibited the lowest diagnostic performance for distinguishing the osteoporosis group from the other two groups. Only D showed a significant difference between genders. The AUCs for IDEAL-IQ, IVIM-DWI, and their combination were 0.74, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusions

IDEAL-IQ combined with IVIM-DWI provides valuable information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and offers evidence for clinical decisions. The superior diagnostic performance of IVIM-DWI, particularly the D value, suggests its potential as a more sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis compared to IDEAL-IQ. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced imaging techniques into clinical practice for improved osteoporosis management and highlight the need for further research to explore the full clinical implications of these imaging modalities.
Vaping during pregnancy: a systematic review of health outcomes
Authors: Ussher Michael , Fleming Joy , Brose Leonie
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to maternal and child health. Vaping is used for smoking cessation but evidence on health effects during pregnancy is scarce. We conducted a systematic review of health outcomes of vaping during pregnancy.

Methods

We searched six databases for maternal/fetal/infant outcomes and vaping, including quantitative, English language, human studies of vaping during pregnancy, to November 10th, 2023. We assessed study quality with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. We focused on comparisons of exclusive-vaping with non-use of nicotine and tobacco products and with smoking. Presentation is narrative as the studies were of insufficient quality to conduct meta-analysis.

Results

We included 26 studies, with 765,527 women, with one randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing vaping and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation, 23 cohort studies and two case–control studies. While the RCT met 4/5 quality criteria, the quality of the cohort studies and case–control studies was poor; none adequately assessed exposure to smoking and vaping. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping with ‘non-use’, more reported no increased risk for vaping (three studies) than reported increased risk for maternal pregnancy/postpartum outcomes (one study) and for fetal and infant outcomes (20 studies no increased risk, four increased risk), except for birth-weight and neurological outcomes where two studies each observed increased and no increased risk. When the RCT compared non-users with those not smoking but vaping or using NRT, irrespective of randomisation, they reported no evidence of risk for vaping/NRT. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, most studies provided evidence for a comparable risk for different outcomes. One maternal biomarker study revealed a lower risk for vaping. For small-for-gestational-age/mean-birth-centile equal numbers of studies found lower risk for vaping than for smoking as found similar risk for the two groups (two each).

Conclusions

While more studies found no evidence of increased risk of exclusive-vaping compared with non-use and evidence of comparable risk for exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, the quality of the evidence limits conclusions. Without adequate assessment of exposure to vaping and smoking, findings cannot be attributed to behaviour as many who vape will have smoked and many who vape may do so at low levels.

Study registration

https://osf.io/rfx4q/.
Long-term efficacy and safety of XEN-45 gel stent implantation in patients with normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Nasyrov Emil , Gassel Caroline J. , Merle David A. , Neubauer Jonas , Voykov Bogomil
Published: June 2024

Background

Minimally invasive bleb surgery using the XEN-45 gel stent has not been established for the treatment of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment efficacy and safety of XEN-45 in eyes with uncontrolled NTG.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients with NTG who underwent XEN-45 gel stent implantation at university hospital Tuebingen between 2016 and 2021. The primary outcome measure was surgical success after three years defined as lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥ 20%, with target IOP between 6 and 15 mmHg. Success was complete without and qualified irrespective of topical antiglaucoma medication use. The need for further glaucoma surgery, except for needling, was regarded as a failure. The secondary outcome measures included changes in mean IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, and needling and complication rates.

Results

Twenty-eight eyes from 23 patients were included in the final analysis. Complete and qualified success rates were 56.5% and 75% after three years, respectively. Mean postoperative IOP ± standard deviation decreased significantly after three years from 19.3 ± 2.0 mmHg at baseline to 13.7 ± 4.2 mmHg (n = 22; p < 0.0001). The median number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 2 (range 0–4) to 0 after three years (range 0–3; p < 0.0001). Sixteen eyes (57%) required a median of 1 (range 1–3) needling procedures. One eye required further glaucoma surgery. No sight-threatening complications were observed.

Conclusion

The XEN-45 stent is effective and safe for the long-term treatment of NTG. However, needling was frequently required to improve outcomes.
Association of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder: a case-control study
Authors: Sarmin Nisat , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Sarker Rapty , -or-Rashid Mamun , Qusar MMA Shalahuddin , Bachar Sitesh Chandra , Kabir Eva Rahman , Islam Md. Rabiul , Al Mahmud Zobaer
Published: June 2024

Background

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a devastating mental health condition characterized by constant, uncontrolled worrying. Recent hypotheses indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are potential contributors to the pathogenesis of GAD. Here, we aimed to assess the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the pathophysiology and development of GAD.

Methods

This study recruited 50 GAD patients diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria and 38 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). A qualified psychiatrist evaluated all study subjects. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population were determined using pre-structured questionnaires or interviews, and cytokine serum levels were estimated using commercially available ELISA kits.

Results

We observed reduced serum IL-10 levels in GAD patients compared to HCs (33.69 ± 1.37 pg/ml vs. 44.12 ± 3.16 pg/ml). Also, we observed a significant negative correlation between altered IL-10 levels and GAD-7 scores (r=-0.315, p = 0.039). Moreover, IL-10 serum measurement exhibited good predictive value in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.793 (p < 0.001) with 80.65% sensitivity and 62.79% specificity at a cutoff value of 33.93 pg/ml. Conversely, we noticed elevated serum IL-2 levels in GAD patients than in HCs (14.81 ± 2.88 pg/ml vs. 8.08 ± 1.1 pg/ml); however, it failed to maintain any significant association with GAD-7 scores, implying that IL-2 might not be involved in GAD pathogenesis. The lower AUC value (0.640; p > 0.05) exhibited by IL-2 serum measurement in ROC analysis further supported that IL-2 might not be associated with GAD.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights into the complex interplay between anti-inflammatory cytokines and GAD pathogenesis. Based on the present findings, we can assume that IL-10 but not IL-2 may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of GAD. However, further research with a larger population size and longitudinal design is required to confirm the potential diagnostic efficacy of IL-10.
Factors influencing smoking cessation attempts and success in Iranian male adults: national survey data
Authors: Manoochehri Zohreh , Rajati Fatemeh , Rezaei Maryam , Faradmal Javad
Published: June 2024

Background

Smoking cessation is a dynamic process that often involves a series of unsuccessful quit attempts before long-term abstinence is achieved. To implement interventions that lead to long-term abstinence, it will be necessary to understand the determinants of smoking cessation. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of factors influencing both smoking cessation attempts and successful smoking cessation in the general population of Iran.

Methods

The data of 1293 participants whose information was obtained through a national cross-sectional study entitled “Survey of Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases in 2016” were analyzed. There were three response levels: “quit attempt and successful quit”, “quit attempt and unsuccessful quit”, and “no quit attempt and unsuccessful quit”. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of covariates on response.

Results

The mean (sd) age of all participants was 47.21 (13.65) years. According to the results, 883 people (68.29%) did not attempt to quit smoking, and of those who attempted to quit smoking, only 64 (15.61%) men were successful. The factors of living in an urban area (OR = 1.71) and past smoking intensity (OR = 1.967) were associated with no quit attempt and unsuccessful quitting. In addition, physician recommendation to quit smoking was a protective factor for no quit attempt and unsuccessful quit (OR = 0.599). Alcohol consumption was also a protective factor against successful quitting for both attempters (OR = 0.351) and nonattempters (OR = 0.359).

Conclusions

Tobacco control programs should be implemented with a greater focus on heavy smokers and alcohol users. In addition, the role of health professionals in encouraging smokers to quit smoking should not be ignored.
In vitro study on the impact of various polishing systems and coffee staining on the color stability of bleach-shaded resin composite
Authors: Jrady Ali , Ragab Hala , Algahtani Fahda N. , Osman Essam
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effects of different polishing techniques and coffee staining on the color stability of four commercially available bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilled, and injectable nanohybrids.

Material and methods

A total of 224 discs (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from four different bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid (Gradia Direct Anterior), nanohybrid (Palfique LX5), nanofilled (Filtek Universal), and injectable nanohybrid (flowable G-aenial universal injectable). The composite resin groups were polished via four techniques: no polishing, 4-step polishing using aluminum oxide discs, 3-step polishing using silicon rubber diamond discs, and one-step polishing. Half of each group was immersed in water, while the other half was immersed in coffee for 12 days (n = 7). Colors were measured using a clinical spectrophotometer, and color differences were calculated (ΔE). The results were analyzed statistically.

Results

The alterations in color were significantly influenced by the techniques employed for finishing and polishing techniques, composite resin type, and degree of coffee staining. Regardless of the polishing technique and storage medium, different material types showed a significant color change (ΔE) at P < 0.001. Filtek exhibited the most significant color change, followed by Gradia and Palfique, with no significant differences between them. In addition, Different polishing techniques resulted in significant color changes (P < 0.001). The highest degree of color change was seen in the no-polishing group, followed by the 4-step and 1-step polishing groups, with negligible differences between each other. Also, Storage media had a significant effect on ΔE values.

Conclusion

Appropriate finishing and polishing procedures can improve the color stability of bleach-shaded composite resins. Coffee has a deleterious effect on color; however, injectable flowable nanohybrid composites are more resistant to staining.
Feasibility of an exercise-nutrition-psychology integrated rehabilitation model based on mobile health and virtual reality for cancer patients: a single-center, single-arm, prospective phase II study
Authors: Qi Yuan , Wang Mengjie , Xue Ya , Yue Jingyan , Qi Chunjian , Shang Weihu , Meng Weifen , Zhu Wenyu , Pu Xiaolin , Li Dongqing , Jiang Hua
Published: June 2024

Objective

Explore the feasibility of a mobile health(mHealth) and virtual reality (VR) based nutrition-exercise-psychology integrated rehabilitation model in Chinese cancer patients.

Methods

We recruited cancer patients in the Oncology department of the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2022 to April 2023. The rehabilitation program was provided by a team of medical oncologists, dietitians, psychotherapists, and oncology specialist nurses. Participants received standard anti-cancer therapy and integrated intervention including hospitalized group-based exercise classes, at-home physical activity prescription, behavior change education, oral nutrition supplements, and psychological counseling. An effective intervention course includes two consecutive hospitalization and two periods of home-based rehabilitation (8 weeks). Access the feasibility as well as changes in aspects of physical, nutritional, and psychological status.

Results

At the cutoff date of April 2023, the recruitment rate was 75% (123/165). 11.4%patients were lost to follow-up, and 3.25% withdrew halfway. Respectively, the completion rate of nutrition, exercise, and psychology were 85%,55%, and 63%. Nutrition interventions show the highest compliance. The parameters in nutrition, psychology, muscle mass, and quality of life after the rehabilitation showed significant improvements (P < .05). There was no significant statistical difference (P > .05) in handgrip strength and 6-minute walking speed.

Conclusion

It is feasible to conduct mHealth and VR-based nutrition-exercise-psychology integrated rehabilitation model in Chinese cancer patients. A larger multi-center trial is warranted in the future.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2200065748 Registered 14 November 2022.
Black seed assisted synthesis, characterization, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Tharani M. , Abullais Shahabe Saquib , Patil Santosh R. , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali
Published: June 2024

Iron nanoparticles comprise a significant class of inorganic nanoparticles, which discover applications in various zones by prudence of their few exciting properties. This study achieved the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) extract, which acts as a reducing and capping agent. The iron nanoparticles and black cumin extract were synthesized in three different concentrations: (01:01, 02:04,01:04). UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and AFM characterized the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra show the maximum absorbance peak of 01:01 concentration at 380 nm. The other concentrations, such as 02:04, peaked at 400 nm and 01:04 at 680 nm, confirming the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. AFM analysis reveals the spherical shape of iron oxide nanoparticles. The XRD spectra reveal the (fcc) cubic crystal structure of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis’s peaks at 457.13, 455.20, and 457.13 cm-1 depict the characteristic iron nanoparticle synthesis. The black cumin extract-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles show substantial antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner.
Improving emergency medicine resident pediatric lumbar puncture procedural performance through a brief just-in-time video intervention
Authors: McGuire Sarayna S. , Finch Alexander S. , Thomas Jenna M. , Lazaro Octavio , Hevesi Sara A. , Mullan Aidan F. , Homme Jim L.
Published: June 2024

Background

Emergency medicine (EM) trainee comfort level with lumbar puncture (LP) has decreased over time due to changing practice guidelines, particularly amongst pediatric patients. We implemented a “just in time” (JIT) brief educational video based on a previously published LP Performance Scoring Checklist to improve trainee efficiency and competence in LP performance.

Methods

Our pilot quasi-experimental study took place January-June 2022 within a large, academic Midwestern emergency department (ED) with an established 3-year EM residency program. All 9 interns performed a timed diagnostic LP on an infant LP model in January, scored according to the LP Performance Scoring Checklist. In June, interns repeated the timed LP procedure directly after watching a brief educational video based on major checklist steps. The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board.

Results

All interns completed both assessments. At baseline, interns had logged performance of median 2 (IQR 0–5) LPs and spent 12.9 (10.3–14.4) minutes performing the procedure. Post-intervention, interns had logged an additional median 2 (0–5) LPs and completed the procedure faster with an average time of 10.3 (9.7–11.3) minutes (p = 0.004). A median of 5 (4–7) major steps were missed at baseline, compared to 1 (1–2) at time of post-intervention assessment (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Development of a brief educational video improved efficiency and competency amongst our intern class in performing an infant LP when viewed Just-In-Time. Similar efforts may improve education and performance of other rare (or decreasing in frequency) procedures within EM training.