bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Driving Factors of Emerging Trends in the Ghanaian Construction Industry: An Evaluative Analysis of Push and Pull Factors
Authors: Mustapha Zakari , Akomah Benjamin Boahene , Kwaku Ofosu Emmanuel
Published: June 2024

There is a significant change in the Ghanaian construction sector, driven by the convergence of emerging trends. The study investigated the underlying factors influencing these emerging trends in the Ghanaian construction industry, focusing on both pull and push factors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining survey data with qualitative analysis, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the drivers shaping the industry's development. The study was conducted within three cities (Cape Coast, Kasoa, and Winneba) in the Central Region of Ghana. Fifteen (15) construction companies were purposively selected based on their interest in technological advancements within the construction ecosystem. Five (5) categories of construction professionals, project managers, quantity surveyors, architects, structural engineers, safety officers, and site supervisors employed by the aforementioned fifteen (15) construction companies were considered for the study.
Data collected were analyzed utilizing SPSS software version 20. Push factors highlighted environmental degradation, technological innovation, and infrastructure renewal as significant motivators. Pull factors emphasized the industry's extrinsic motivations, including community development, cultural considerations, and economic growth. The analysis revealed that both push and pull factors play crucial roles in driving the trends within the industry.
Qualitative interviews conducted as part of the study provided deeper insights, identifying six key themes: regulatory compliance and market competition, technological advancements, skill development, economic considerations, leadership and strategic vision, and customer demand. These themes underscore the complex relationship between external pressures and internal motivations.
Correlation and regression analyses indicated significant relationships between trend recognition and both push and pull factors, emphasizing the interplay between external pressures and aspirational drivers in shaping industry trends. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic forces driving change in the Ghanaian construction sector, offering substantial insights for stakeholders. These insights can help stakeholders navigate challenges and capitalize on opportunities for sustainable growth and development. The findings underscore the importance of balancing technological advancements with socio-economic goals to foster a robust and forward-thinking construction industry in Ghana.
Unraveling the Nuanced Nature of Secrets: Psychological Implications of Concealment and Disclosure
Authors: Ghazi Sayegh Mona
Published: June 2024

Many factors come into play when one decides to delve deep into the intriguing network of secrets and their potential impact on us. A major element is the nature of secrets which can be classified as having negative or positive valence, being harmful or harmless, leading to debilitation or not, among other classifications. What determines how to handle secrets - whether to conceal or reveal them- is also based on social contexts, psychological states, mental awareness, personal reimbursements, the ratio of benefits to costs, and the degree of intimacy between the sharer and receiver as well as the repercussions of this sharing on both. However, studies have shown many drawbacks of keeping secrets that cannot be ignored if one cares about well-being.
Monetary and Non-Monetary Rewards for Employees Motivation in Tanzania Public Sector: The Management Perspectives
Authors: Buyekwa Miriam , Barongo Mutarubukwa Felician , Beatus Duwe Adolar
Published: June 2024

The study on monetary and non-monetary rewards for employees’ motivation in Tanzania public sector was done in Kakonko district council. A case study research design, mixed research approaches were used and eighty employees participated. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Close ended- questionnaire, documentary review and documentary review guide were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation and regression methods while qualitative data was analyzed by using contents analysis method. The study reveals that paid leave, merit pay and salary increments were among monetary rewards provided to employees. It was also revealed from the study that promotion, appreciation, training and development were non-monetary rewards provided to employees. It was also revealed from the study that salary increment and merit pay had positive and significant effects on employees’ motivation while paid leave had negative and significant effect on employees’ motivation. Also, appreciation and promotion had positive and significant effect on employees’ motivation. It was also revealed from the study that training and development had no significant effect on employee’s motivation. Conclusively, there is no significant difference in motivational effects between monetary and non-monetary rewards among employees and it is therefore recommended that the integration between monetary and non-monetary to be emphasized and provided equally to employees.
Exploring the Use of an African Language in the Cinematic Sci-Fi Movie, Black Panther
Authors: Sibiya Andzisani Prunnel
Published: June 2024

Black Panther is the first blockbuster science fiction film to be produced by Hollywood with a predominantly black cast, which places black people at the front and centre of futuristic worlds. The language used in Black Panther is the South African Nguni language, IsiXhosa. A survey of literature shows that there is scant research that has been done so far to explore the use of the African language and how the sci-fi movie preserves and promotes African languages, particularly isiXhosa. The aim of the study was to explore the use of the African language by young black South African viewers. This study also aimed to explore how the film preserves and promotes South African languages. The study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the promotion of the isiXhosa language in the film, specifically the audience reception method. The study used a cultural studies approach as its conceptual framework. The reception analysis consisted of focus group discussions as well as follow-up in-depth interviews. A purposive sampling method was employed to select its participants. The study found that cultures and languages have primarily been inferior to Western cultures and languages. The movie, however, challenges that notion by promoting and reflecting on African cultures, using a South African language. This study contributes towards critical studies in media and communication research that aims to understand audience consumption of media texts. This is achieved by providing insight into how and why audiences in specific social contexts make sense of media text and the use of African languages in media text.

Keywords: Black Panther, isiXhosa Language, Preservation, Promotion, South Africa.
An Exploration of Teachers’ Practices of Critical (Visual) Literacy and the Factors Impeding the Implementation Thereof
Authors: Maditse Lehlogonolo , Merisi Peter
Published: June 2024

Although there are many definitions and context-specific use of critical literacy and critical visual literacy, there is unfortunately very little support to teachers on how to implement it in their classrooms. This desktop research thus explored the practices of, and the challenges pre-service and service teachers face when dealing with critical literacy and critical visual literacy. Data collection included online articles on the subject matter from the year 2005 to the present in various contexts; to understand critical literacy and critical visual literacy practices among teachers around the world. The study discussed the various accepted definitions of critical literacy and critical visual literacy. It then discusses their place in an Apartheid ridden South Africa. The literature reviewed revealed that teachers face internal, contextual, and external barriers in their attempts to teach critical literacy and critical visual literacy. In addition, while they have the power to overcome certain barriers, they do not have such power with others. Ultimately, this research ends with establishing the gaps in terms of research around critical visual literacy and the pedagogical practices thereof, and suggested areas for future research to better understand teachers’ challenges.

Keywords: critical literacy; critical visual literacy; critical literacy theory; teachers’ practices
Measuring Fiber Positioning Accuracy and Throughput with Fiber Dithering for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Authors: Schlafly E. F. , Schlegel D. , BenZvi S. , Raichoor A. , Forero-Romero J. E. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Bailey S. , Bault A. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , Dawson K. , de la Macorra A. , Dey Arjun , Doel P. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Guy J. , Hahn C. , Honscheid K. , Jimenez J. , Kent S. , Kirkby D. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Levi M. E. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Myers A. D. , Nie J. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W. J. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Rabinowitz D. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schubnell M. , Sharples R. , Silber J. , Tarlé G. , Weaver B. A. , Zhou Z. , Zou H. ,   DESI Collaboration
Published: June 2024

Highly multiplexed, fiber-fed spectroscopy is enabling surveys of millions of stars and galaxies. The performance of these surveys depends on accurately positioning fibers in the focal plane to capture target light. We describe a technique to measure the positioning accuracy of fibers by dithering fibers slightly around their ideal locations. This approach also enables measurement of the total system throughput and point-spread function delivered to the focal plane. We then apply this technique to observations from the Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI), and demonstrate that DESI positions fibers to within 0.″08 of their targets (5% of a fiber diameter) and achieves a system throughput within about 7% of expectations.
Observational Constraints on Sunyaev–Zeldovich Effect Halos around High-z Quasars
Authors: Massingill Kyle , Mason Brian , Lacy Mark , Emonts Bjorn H. C. , Yoon Ilsang , Li Jianrui , Sarazin Craig
Published: June 2024

We present continuum observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of 10 high-redshift (2.2 ≤ z ≤ 2.7) ultraluminous quasars (QSOs) and constrain the presence of hot, ionized, circumgalactic gas in a stacking analysis. We measure a Compton-y parameter profile with a peak value of (1.7 ± 1.1) × 10−6 at a radius of ∼50 kpc. We compare our stacked observations to active galactic nucleus feedback wind models and generalized Navarro–Frenk–White pressure profile models to constrain the wind luminosity and halo mass of the stacked QSOs. Our observations constrain the observed average halo mass to M
500 < 1 × 1013
M
⊙ and the average feedback wind power <1 × 1012
L
⊙, which is <1% of the bolometric luminosity of the quasar.
Source Region and Launch Characteristics of Magnetic-arch-blowout Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Driven by Homologous Compact-flare Blowout Jets
Authors: Patel Binal D. , Joshi Bhuwan , Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L.
Published: June 2024

We study the formation of four coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originating from homologous blowout jets. All of the blowout jets originated from NOAA Active Region (AR) 11515 on 2012 July 2, within a time interval of ≈14 hr. All of the CMEs were wide (angular widths ≈ 95°–150°), and propagated with speeds ranging between ≈300 and 500 km s−1 in LASCO coronagraph images. Observations at various EUV wavelengths in Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images reveal that in all the cases, the source region of the jets lies at the boundary of the leading part of AR 11515 that hosts a small filament before each event. Coronal magnetic field modeling based on nonlinear force-free extrapolations indicates that in each case, the filament is contained inside of a magnetic flux rope that remains constrained by overlying compact loops. The southern footpoint of each filament is rooted in the negative polarity region where the eruption onsets occur. This negative polarity region undergoes continuous flux changes, including emergence and cancellation with opposite polarity in the vicinity of the flux rope, and the EUV images reveal brightening episodes near the filament’s southeastern footpoint before each eruption. Therefore, these flux changes are likely the cause of the subsequent eruptions. These four homologous eruptions originate near adjacent feet of two large-scale loop systems connecting from that positive polarity part of the AR to two remote negative polarity regions, and result in large-scale consequences in the solar corona.
Impact of Self-shielding Minihalos on the Lyα Forest at High Redshift
Authors: Park Hyunbae , Lukić Zarija , Sexton Jean , Alvarez Marcelo A. , Shapiro Paul R.
Published: June 2024

Dense gas in minihalos with masses of 106−108
M
⊙ can shield themselves from reionization for ∼100 Myr after being exposed to the UV background. These self-shielded systems, often unresolved in cosmological simulations, can introduce strong absorption in quasar spectra. This paper is the first systematic study on the impact of these systems on the Lyα forest. We first derive the H i column density profile of photoevaporating minihalos by conducting 1D radiation–hydrodynamics simulations. We utilize these results to estimate the Lyα opacity from minihalos in a large-scale simulation that cannot resolve self-shielding. When the ionization rate of the background radiation is 0.03 × 10−12 s−1, as expected near the end of reionization at z ∼ 5.5, we find that the incidence rate of damped Lyα absorbers increases by a factor of ∼2−4 compared to at z = 4.5. The Lyα flux is, on average, suppressed by ∼3% of its mean due to minihalos. The absorption features enhance the 1D power spectrum up to ∼5% at k ∼ 0.1 h Mpc−1 (or 10−3 km−1 s), which is comparable to the enhancement caused by inhomogeneous reionization. The flux is particularly suppressed in the vicinity of large halos along the line-of-sight direction at separations of up to 10 h
−1 Mpc at r
⊥ ≲ 2 h
−1 Mpc. However, these effects become much smaller for higher ionizing rates (≳0.3 × 10−12 s−1) expected in the post-reionization Universe. Our findings highlight the need to consider minihalo absorption when interpreting the Lyα forest at z ≳ 5.5. Moreover, the sensitivity of these quantities to the ionizing background intensity can be exploited to constrain the intensity itself.
Biotic interactions more than abiotic conditions determine the invasion success of Senecio inaequidens DC.
Authors: Quaglini Lara A. , Yannelli Florencia , Fasano Federica , Montagnani Chiara , Caronni Sarah , Citterio Sandra , Gentili Rodolfo
Published: June 2024

Invasive alien species pose significant threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems. Given the high importance of context-dependency in invasion dynamics, testing fundamental hypotheses of invasion ecology in different environmental contexts is crucial to understand the underlying processes of the establishment and spread of alien species. This study focuses on the invasive alien Senecio inaequidens DC. (South African ragwort), investigating the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors influencing its invasion success. Through field surveys across three semi-natural habitats in Northern Italy, we assessed the relative importance of abiotic (soil characteristics) and biotic (resident vegetation diversity and similarity to the target alien) variables on S. inaequidens performance. Our results showed a pivotal role of biotic interactions over abiotic conditions in determining the success of the alien species. We found evidence of biotic resistance by resident plant communities, and it was mainly explained by resident species’ diversity and cover. However, when analysing the similarity patterns between S. inaequidens and the invaded communities, we surprisingly found a negative relationship between S. inaequidens success and similarity to resident communities, indicating a better performance of the alien species when growing with more similar species. Abiotic factors had only marginal effects on influencing the strength and direction of biotic interactions and partially showed a stronger biotic resistance (in terms of resident species richness) in more benign abiotic conditions (soil with higher nutrient concentrations and in habitats less disturbed and stressed). Therefore, S. inaequidens appears to be more susceptible to competition rather than adverse abiotic conditions, making it a good colonizing species rather than a strong competitor, which might imply that in ruderal or stressed environments being functionally similar to the recipient communities could confer this species an advantage to invade. Our findings underscore the complexity of invasion dynamics, highlighting the need to consider diverse mechanisms, including taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional measures, as well as the abiotic context, to inform effective management strategies for invaded ecosystems.
Characterization and bioactive potential of epicuticular wax from date fruits
Authors: Sobti Bhawna , Alnuaimi Khulood Jaber Jasim , Alneyadi Dema Saeed Bakhit , Almheiri Osha Obaid Essa , Alefari Manwa Abdulla Mutaia
Published: June 2024

Date fruits (DFs) are lucrative fruits with both nutritional and medicinal benefits. Although DF byproducts have gained interest as potential functional food ingredients, the functional role of DF waxes remains unexplored. Most plant fruits, including DFs,had a lipophilic cuticular layer; and constitutes of epicuticular wax (EPW), which has an important role in respiration losses, mechanical support, fruit softening, and pathogen resistance. In this study, the compositional and antioxidant properties of EPW from Majdool, Khalas, and Fard DFs were investigated. Moreover, thermal transitions of EPW were examined. Results revealed the highest EPW yield in Majdool (16.62 ± 1.68 mg wax/cm2) and the lowest in Khalas (0.075 ± 0.008 mg wax/cm2). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed maximum absorptivity at 250 and 290 nm across all varieties, corresponding to conjugated dienes and trienes, respectively. Fourier transform infrared peaks confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, methylene, and carbonyl groups, including specific domains of phenolic compounds. Khalas and Fard EPWs reported more total phenolic content and scavenging activity than Majdool EPW. The variations were observed in the melting temperatures of EPW, ranging from 60 °C to 85 °C. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the potential application of DF EPW in food and pharmaceutical industries.
A preliminary assessment of water quality in silvopastoral systems of Panama’s dry tropical forest
Authors: Portmann Julia M. , Davenport Grace H. , Starinchak Bela H. , Griscom Heather P.
Published: June 2024

Dry tropical forests are unique, biodiverse ecosystems threatened by human development, especially deforestation for agricultural land use. Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration in landscapes and, in turn, pollutes nearby waterways. Agroforestry practices, like silvopastoralism, can mitigate these impacts by integrating trees into working landscapes, but their effect on stream water quality has not been studied. We assessed the stream condition on five silvopastoral farms in Panama’s Azuero Peninsula by utilizing aquatic macroinvertebrates as indicators. We collected aquatic macroinvertebrates and calculated the percent EPT, Diptera, and Odonata. Using ArcGIS, we measured distance to live fence, riparian connectivity, and forest patch size. We also measured tree carbon stored in the riparian area and throughout each farm. We analyzed the relationships between landscape or habitat variables and water quality scores using single linear regressions in R Studio. Percent EPT, Odonata, and diversity were positively predicted by riparian tree carbon, while percent Diptera was negatively predicted by riparian tree carbon. Our results highlight the importance of expanding agroforestry in this region and suggest that increasing tree cover in agricultural landscapes may be beneficial to stream condition, but additional research is needed.
Invasive alien plants at Capraia Island (Italy): distribution and threats to Natura 2000 habitats
Authors: Misuri Alice , Mugnai Michele , Giunti Michele , Dell’Olmo Lorella , Lazzaro Lorenzo
Published: June 2024

Island ecosystems face significant threats from biological invasions due to their unique biomes. In over a quarter of these ecosystems, the number of alien plants surpasses the total count of native ones, leading to notable impacts. This concern is particularly pronounced in the Mediterranean Basin, a globally important hotspot for plant diversity. In line with this, our study aimed to investigate the current distribution of six main alien plant species (Chasmanthe floribunda, Nicotiana glauca, Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia stricta, Senecio angulatus, and Zantedeschia aethiopica) on Capraia Island in the Tuscan Archipelago, Italy. We identified invaded vegetation types and N2000 habitats (sensu 92/43/EEC “Habitats” Directive), created a detailed map of the current distribution of these six target species, and analyzed the relationship between their distribution and environmental factors. The six target species were found to be more widespread in areas of the island with higher levels of anthropogenic disturbance, with only O. stricta also spreading into natural habitats. Overall, the invasion covers an area of 71 hectares (3.6% of the island’s surface), of which over 70 hectares are invaded by O. stricta. The habitats most impacted by alien plant invasion include 5330 “Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub”, 5320 “Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs”, 1240 “Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.”, and 6220* “Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea”, all primarily invaded by O. stricta. Environmental factors most correlated with alien plant distribution include the distance from infrastructure, altitude, and slope aspect.
First record of Exophthalmus albofasciatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) in Mexico feeding on Coccoloba barbadensis (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Hernández-May Manuel A. , Pérez De la Cruz Mónica , Girón Jennifer C. , Anderson Robert S. , Méndez-García José A.
Published: June 2024

The weevil Exophthalmus albofasciatus Champion, previously known from Honduras and Belize, is recorded for the first time in Mexico. In addition, the species Coccoloba barbadensis (Polygonaceae) is recorded for the first time as a new adult host plant of this species. Photographs of adults are provided to facilitate identification.
Two new species of torrent-breeding treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae: Litoria) from hill forests on the southern edge of New Guinea’s Central Cordillera
Authors: Richards Stephen J. , Oliver Paul M.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We describe two new species of torrent-breeding Litoria Tschudi, 1838 from low-elevation hill-forest habitats on the southern fringe of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera. One is currently known only from the Kikori River basin, and the other is known from the Kikori and adjacent Strickland River basins. The two new species can be distinguished from all other Litoria by aspects of morphology and advertisement call structure. Both are known only from below 500 m a.s.l. and so are considered less likely to be threatened by the devastating frog pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Longcore, Pessier & Nichols, 1999 than torrent-breeding Melanesian pelodryadid frogs occupying higher, cooler habitats, should that pathogen be introduced to the region. One hundred and ten frog species have now been documented from the Kikori River basin, a near doubling of the total recognised when the first field guide to the region was published nearly 20 years ago, emphasising the rich anuran community of this area.
A flow shop batch scheduling model with pre-processing and time-changing effects to minimize total actual flow time
Authors: Kurniawan Dwi , Yusriski Rinto , Isnaini Mohammad Mi'radj , Ma'ruf Anas , Halim Abdul Hakim
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This paper investigates a batch scheduling problem where pre-processing is required for parts before processing, considering time-changing effects from part deterioration and operator learning-forgetting.Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical model was developed with the decision variables of the number of batches, the number of pre-processings, batch sizes, and the schedule of processes and pre-processings to minimize total actual flow time. Different numbers of batches were gradually tried and increased until the objective function stopped improving. The minimum number of pre-processings that resulted in a feasible solution was examined at each number of batches.Findings: Our experiment showed that: (1) A faster operator learning led to a lower optimal number of batches and a lower total actual flow time, (2) A faster part deterioration brought a higher number of batches and a higher total actual flow time, (3) The model minimized the number of pre-processings by only scheduling pre-processings before the operations at machine 1, and (4) The model divided the parts into small batches to prevent increased processing time due to part deterioration.Research limitations: The research did not consider multi-due date and multi-item system which require pre-processings with different times and capacities.Practical implications: Production managers should assign fast learning operators to shorter batches and faster deteriorating parts.Originality/value: This research was the first to consider pre-processing in batch scheduling.
Multi-mode replenishment strategies for periodic-review in 2-echelon systems under seasonal demand
Authors: Sakulsom Noppadon , Tharmmaphornphilas Wipawee
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of special replenishing modes within a 2-echelon inventory system under seasonal demand.  Within this system, a periodic-review base-stock policy is employed. Two special replenishing modes are considered: emergency and transshipment in addition to a regular mode. The regular mode serves as the primary replenishment method, while emergency and transshipment modes, characterized by shorter lead times and higher costs, are reserved to prevent stockouts. It specifically examines the differences in outcomes between static and dynamic ordering policies for these special modes.Design/methodology/approach: Methodologies to determine static and dynamic policies of two special replenishments: emergency and transshipment are proposed. Both emergency and transshipment replenishments are based on.  A simulation method was used to evaluate the proposed policies.Findings: Special modes can be used to maintain service level while utilizing a lower safety stock, thereby reducing overall holding cost.  The 60% higher frequency of emergency orders under static policies compared to dynamic policies leads to a lower number of transshipment orders.  For short cycles with high per-period demand variability, the gap between static and dynamic policies shrinks, making static policies a viable, less-complex alternative.  Levels of demand fluctuations between periods impact a policy choice.  While dynamic policies may not provide a distinct advantage over static policies in low-fluctuation scenarios, they can yield cost savings in high-fluctuation environments, albeit with increased effort.Practical implications: The result from this paper can be adopted to a 2-echelon inventory system with multiple replenishing modes under seasonal demand.  It can help inventory managers choose the appropriate policy for their situation.Originality/value: This paper provides managerial insights regarding the circumstances in which static policy or dynamic policy should be applied and explores the relationship between regular and special replenishing modes in various circumstances.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Evaluation of Retinal and Choroidal Microvascular Morphological Changes Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Gül Cengiz , Erşan Hatice Bilge Araz , Karapapak Murat , Güven Dilek
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the structural and microvascular changes in the retina and choroid after strabismus surgery.

Methods

The study included 44 eyes from 44 patients who underwent strabismus surgery between August 2020 and December 2021. Among these patients, 9 (20%) underwent horizontal one-muscle surgery, 27 (61%) underwent horizontal two-muscle surgery, and 8 (18%) underwent inferior oblique muscle anteriorization surgery. Optical coherence tomography angiography scans were conducted preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results

The outer retinal blood flow showed a significant increase at 1 day postoperatively in horizontal two-muscle and inferior oblique muscle anteriorization surgery, whereas no significant difference was observed between periods in horizontal one-muscle surgery (
P
= .007). Choriocapillaris blood flow exhibited a significant increase at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively compared to the preoperative period (
P
< .001). Whole image superficial capillary plexus vascular density was significantly lower at 1 day postoperatively than preoperatively and 1 and 3 months postoperatively (
P
< .001). Whole image deep capillary plexus vascular density was significantly lower at 1 day than at 1 month postoperatively (
P
= .002).

Conclusions

Following strabismus surgery, temporary changes in the hemodynamic microcirculation in the retina and choroid are observed. A transient decrease in retinal artery blood supply may be noticed, possibly attributed to the reduced anterior segment blood supply.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(6):397–403.]
A Cohort Study to Evaluate the Evolution of the Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Inner Retinal Thickness During Childhood
Authors: Gama Rita , da Costa Rute Sousa , Gaspar Sylvia , Santos Joana Chambel , da Costa Daniela Cândido
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To compare children's stereometric optic disc parameters and inner retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in two different moments in life in the same children and to establish a correlation between the optic nerve head (ONH) area and the difference of these parameters in the two observations.

Methods

In this observational cohort, children were evaluated on two occasions: at 6.7 ± 1.6 and 13.2 ± 0.7 years of age. Cup volume, neuroretinal rim (NRR) area, average cup-to-disc ratio, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) were measured by the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG).

Results

A total of 175 children were included, 89 boys (50.9%) and 86 girls (49.1%). There was a significant decrease of the NRR area (
P
< .001) and increase of the cup volume (
P
< .001) on the second observation. The pRNFL thickness and GCIPL thickness also decreased (
P
< .001 and
P
= .002, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the ONH area and the difference of the cup volume (
P
= .047;
r
= 0.102) and a negative correlation with the difference of the NRR area (
P
< .001;
r
= 0.237).

Conclusions

During childhood, there is an increase of the cup volume, a decrease of the NRR area, and a decrease of inner retinal layer thickness (more significant in the superior and inferior quadrants) measured by OCT. This study demonstrates that in children with large discs the enlargement of the cup and decrease of the NRR is more evident. Considering these changes, the physiological enlargement of the cup in a child with a large disc can be misinterpreted as the development of a glaucomatous lesion.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(6):410–415.]
Maximum likelihood-based identification for FIR systems with binary observations and data tampering attacks
Authors: Guo Xinchang , Fan Jiahao , Liu Yan
Published: June 2024

The security issue of CPS (cyber-physical systems) is of great importance for their stable operation. Within the framework of system identification, this paper proposed a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for FIR (finite impulse response) systems with binary observations and data tampering attacks. In the case of data transmission in the communication network being subjected to data tampering attacks after the FIR system sends out data, the objective of this study was to design an algorithm for estimating the system parameters and infer the attack strategies using the proposed algorithm. To begin, the maximum likelihood function of the available data was established. Then, parameter estimation algorithms were proposed for both known and unknown attack strategies. Meanwhile, the convergence condition and convergence proof of these algorithms were provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed algorithm was verified by numerical simulations.
Stability analysis of a class of nonlinear magnetic diffusion equations and its fully implicit scheme
Authors: Chang Gao , Feng Chunsheng , He Jianmeng , Shu Shi
Published: June 2024

We studied a class of nonlinear magnetic diffusion problems with step-function resistivity $ \eta(e) $ in electromagnetically driven high-energy-density physics experiments. The stability of the nonlinear magnetic diffusion equation and its fully implicit scheme, based on the step-function resistivity approximation model $ \eta_\delta(e) $ with smoothing, were studied. A rigorous theoretical analysis was established for the approximate model of one-dimensional continuous equations using Gronwall's theorem. Following this, the stability of the fully implicit scheme was proved using bootstrapping and other methods. The correctness of the theoretical proof was verified through one-dimensional numerical experiments.
Analytical and numerical investigation of beam-spring systems with varying stiffness: a comparison of consistent and lumped mass matrices considerations
Authors: Alkinidri Mohammed , Nawaz Rab , Alahmadi Hani
Published: June 2024

This study examined the vibration behavior of a beam with linear spring attachments using finite element analysis. It aims to determine the natural frequency with both consistent/coupled mass and lumped mass matrices. The natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes were correctly determined which formed the basis of any further noise vibration and severity calculations and impact or crash analysis. In order to obtain eigenfrequencies subject to the attached spring, the characteristic equation was obtained by eigenfunctions expansion whose roots were extracted using the root-finding technique. The finite element method by coupled and lumped mass matrices was then used to determine complete mode shapes against various eigenfrequencies. The mode shapes were then analyzed subject to supports with varying stiffness thereby comparing the analytical and numerical results in case of consistent and lumped masses matrices so as to demonstrate how the present analysis could prove more valuable in mathematical and engineering contexts. Utilizing a consistent mass matrix significantly enhanced accuracy compared to a lumped mass matrix, thereby validating the preference for the former, even with a limited number of beam elements. The results indicated that substantial deflection occurred at the beam's endpoints, supporting the dynamic behavior of the spring-beam system.
Transnational Policy Transfer and the emerging use of Social Network Analysis: supplementing the researcher’s toolkit
Authors: Walker Christopher
Published: June 2024

Policy transfer is increasingly recognised as a process that occurs through networks of organisations and actors (Pal & Spence, 2020), but challenges persist in recognising and applying appropriate methodological tools to unpack and scrutinise this process (Stone, 2020). This paper addresses this challenge by examining the usefulness of Social Network Analysis (SNA) for policy transfer research, which is a methodology that focuses attention on networks as the central structure of social systems and foregrounds relationships between actors as the primary unit of analysis. The paper reviews the literature where SNA is applied to critique and analyse transnational policy transfer processes. The main finding demonstrates that SNA can serve as both the principal methodological framework for researching transnational policy transfer, as well as being a supplementary method. As a result, this paper argues that SNA uncovers overlooked aspects of transnational policy transfer research, making it an important component of the toolkit for policy transfer researchers.
Factors influencing postpartum depression in Saudi women: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Alshowkan Amira , Shdaifat Emad
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and stress, as well as factors influencing PPD, among women in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online survey and recruited participants during postpartum visits to the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done using Arabic versions of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and a sociodemographics and obstetric history questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, including multiple linear regression using a stepwise method.Results: Data from the 270 participants showed low levels of postpartum depressive symptoms with a mean score of 2.54±4.5 and low levels of perceived stress with a mean score of 2.49±6.2. While 94.4% of the participants reported low levels of stress and PPD, 5.6% reported elevated levels (≥10 for PPD, ≥14 for stress). The stepwise regression analysis showed significant results (p<.001), accounting for 34% of the variance in PPD. The factors significantly influencing PPD included the type of family, stress, number of abortions, disease during pregnancy, and family income. Importantly, perceived stress emerged as a factor influencing PPD.Conclusion: Although the majority of participants exhibited low levels of PPD, about 1 in 18 showed elevated levels. The identification of significant influencing factors highlights the need for targeted interventions to effectively address mental health concerns in postpartum women.
The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on patients with established cardiac disease: a systematic review
Authors: Refaat Marwan M. , El Jamal Nadim , El-Rayess Hebah M. , Gebran Anthony , Salam Amar M.
Published: June 2024

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating before dawn until after sunset for a month. This study reviews most recent literature on the effect of Ramadan fasting on the Cardiac patient specifically, excluding any study done on patients with no diagnosis of Cardiac disease to help cardiologists better deal with their patients who would wish to fast during Ramadan. As such, a Medline and Pubmed search was conducted to retrieve studies investigating the effects of fasting during Ramadan specifically on the cardiac patient with regard to incidence of cardiac disease and change in cardiovascular risk parameters. The search was conducted by combining the key word Ramadan fasting with multiple cardiac diseases and cardiovascular risk parameters. Only studies reporting results on patients already diagnosed with a cardiac disease were included. fourteen were included. Most studies have shown, with a few exceptions, that Ramadan fasting has no adverse effects on incidence of cardiovascular disease or the number of hospitalizations due to cardiac disease events. Thus, patients with controlled disease may fast with the consultation and monitoring of their physician.
2023 Survey Results on the Perception of Diabetes Mellitus among the General Public
Authors: Yoo Been , Lim Sung-Chul , Koo Mi-Huyn ,   on Behalf of the Committee of Media-Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Published: June 2024

Background: According to the Diabetes Fact Sheet published by the Korean Diabetes Association, as of 2020, one in six adults (16.7%) over the age of 30 were diagnosed with diabetes. In this rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes in Korea, the severity of diabetes to raise awareness of the importance of awareness, early detection, and active management. A public diabetes awareness survey was conducted in 2022 and 2023, and the survey contents by year were compared and presented.Methods: This survey was a structured online questionnaire conducted in October 2023, targeting a total of 1,000 adult men and women aged 20 or older nationwide through population proportional allocation according to age, sex, and residential area.Results: The survey results indicated that 91.4% of respondents perceive diabetes as a serious disease, and 68.3% of those without a diabetes diagnosis have expressed concerns about diabetes or hyperglycemia. However, awareness of ‘prediabetes’ and ‘glycated hemoglobin’ was only 61.3% and 38.1%, respectively. On the other hand, only one-third of the respondents reported maintaining an appropriate weight and waist circumference, eating regular meals, and engaging in regular exercise. While awareness and perceived necessity of insulin injections were high, the willingness to undergo injection therapy was only about 50%, indicating a need to provide information on the benefits of insulin therapy and its positive impact on quality of life.Conclusion: Therefore, raising awareness about the severity of diabetes, along with education and intervention, is necessary to facilitate early detection and proactive management of diabetes.
Mechanisms of Glucagon Receptor Agonism and GLP-1/Glucagon/GIP Receptor Triple Agonism for Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Min Se Hee
Published: June 2024

With an increasing prevalence of diabetes and its complications, there is a need for new therapies to improve glycemic control and weight management. Multireceptor agonists may be a means to address this unmet need. A novel triple agonist peptide at the glucagon receptor, the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor, and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor exhibits balanced glucagon and GLP-1 activity but greater GIP activity. In preclinical research, administration of a triple agonist decreased body weight and enhanced glycemic control. The addition of glucagon receptor-mediated increases in energy expenditure to GIP and GLP-1 receptors-driven calorie restriction promotes body weight loss. In clinical studies, the triple agonist demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, and its pharmacokinetics suggest a once-weekly administration schedule. This discovery, along with the pharmacodynamic findings of robust reductions in body weight and increased glycemic control, indicates a new era of treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the metabolic effects of glucagon agonism and the clinical significance of a triple agonist.
Determinants of malaria from environmental and poverty aspects in Indonesia: A spatiotemporal perspective, 2016-2020
Authors: Nursafingi Afi , Widayani Prima , Purwoko Sidiq , Bhermana Andy
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To investigate the environmental and social aspects of poverty contributing to malaria incidence in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020.

Methods:

Random forest regression was used to analyse the independent variables contributing to malaria incidence. Environmental conditions were extracted from remotely sensed data, including vegetation, land temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and elevation. In contrast, the social aspects of poverty were obtained from government statistical reports.

Results:

From 2016 to 2020, the contribution of each environmental and social aspect of poverty to malaria incidence fluctuated annually. Generally, the top three essential variables were people aged 15 years and above, experiencing poverty (variable importance/VI=32.0%), people experiencing poverty who work in the agricultural sector (VI=14.4%), and precipitation (VI=9.8%). It was followed by people experiencing poverty who are unemployed (VI=9.2%), land temperature (VI=5.2%), people experiencing poverty who have low education (VI=8.0%), soil moisture (VI=7.4%), elevation (VI=6.0%), and vegetation (VI=3.8%).

Conclusions:

Poverty and variables related to climate have become the crucial determinants of malaria in Indonesia. The government must strengthen malaria surveillance through climate change mitigation and adaptation programs and accelerate poverty alleviation programs to support malaria elimination.
Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections in Vietnam: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Dat T
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To investigate the evolving patterns of antimicrobial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients in Vietnam, covering the period from 2005 to 2022.

Methods:

29 Descriptive studies published between 2010 and 2022 in English and Vietnamese were included in the analysis. Data on resistance rates to beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins and carbapenems, were extracted and analyzed. Weighted pooled resistance rates were calculated using random-effects models. Annual trends in resistance were assessed using linear regression analysis.

Results:

Among the beta-lactam antibiotics studied, Escherichia coli exhibited varying levels of resistance, with cephalosporins showing higher resistance rates compared to carbapenems. Weighted pooled resistance rates were 66% for cefotaxime, 65% for ceftriaxone, 54% for ceftazidime, and 56% for cefepime. In contrast, carbapenems demonstrated lower resistance rates, with weighted pooled resistance rates ranging from 3% to 4% for meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem. Resistance rates were also observed for amoxicillin/clavulanate (35%), ticarcillin/clavulanate (26%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (12%). Significant annual increases in resistance were noted for imipenem (0.56%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

This study highlights the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Vietnam and emphasizes the importance of prudent antibiotic use and the regular monitoring of resistance patterns. These insights are useful for guiding healthcare professionals in optimizing treatment strategies and for policymakers in formulating evidence-based clinical guidelines to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
Typhoid fever presenting as neuropsychiatric oddities: A case report
Authors: Badole Prashant , Singh Jivtesh , Wasnik Preetam N , Rokkam Rohini
Published: June 2024

Rationale:

Salmonella is a common etiological agent behind the tropical fever syndrome in the Indian subcontinent. Its prevalence in India remains high due to a lack of proper sanitation services in large parts of the country. Its neuropsychiatric manifestations is rare and the understanding on their pathophysiology is still poor.

Patient concerns:

A 19-year-old male, presented with a 10-day history of altered mental status, high-grade fever and violent behaviour. 2 Days prior to admission, he developed decreased responsiveness and a muttering delirium with self-talking.

Diagnosis:

Coma vigil secondary to salmonellosis.

Interventions:

Intravenous ceftriaxone and dexamethasone.

Outcomes:

The resolution of the coma vigil and the associated Salmonella infection were observed; however, the patient developed residual mutism.

Lessons:

The atypical presentation of a globally obtunded state followed by mutism in typhoid coma in this case should be brought to the attention of clinicians worldwide. Additionally, the enduring speech limitations and potential psychiatric consequences may be linked to the prolonged duration of the infection.