bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sense of belonging in engineering and identity centrality among undergraduate students at Hispanic‐Serving Institutions
Authors: Patrick Anita , Andrews Madison , Riegle‐Crumb Catherine , Kendall Meagan R. , Bachman John , Subbian Vignesh
Published: March 2023

Background

Retaining women and racially minoritized individuals in engineering programs has been a subject of widespread discussion and investigation. While the sense of belonging and its link to retention have been studied based on student characteristics, there is an absence of studies investigating the importance of students' social identities to their sense of belonging in engineering.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This study examines differences in race/ethnic identity centrality, gender identity centrality, and sense of belonging in engineering by subgroups of undergraduate engineering students at Hispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs). Subsequently, it examines the extent to which these identity centralities predict a sense of belonging in engineering for each subgroup.

Design/Method

Survey data was collected from 903 Latinx and 452 White undergraduate engineering students from seven HSIs across the continental United States. Multivariate analysis of variance and sequential multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate the research questions.

Results

Latinx students had higher identity centralities but a similar sense of belonging in the engineering community as White students. Latinos and Latinas had an equivalent sense of belonging in engineering, whereas White women were higher than White men. In the full models, race/ethnic identity centrality significantly, and positively predicted a sense of belonging in engineering for Latinos and White women. Gender identity centrality was not a significant predictor of a sense of belonging in engineering for either Latinx or White students.

Conclusions

Race/ethnic and gender identity centrality are differentially important to the sense of belonging in engineering for students at Hispanic‐Serving Institutions based on their group membership at the intersection of race and gender.
Anatomical adaptation of water‐stressed Eugenia uniflora using green synthesized silver nanoparticles and melatonin
Authors: David Oyinade A. , Labulo Ayomide H. , Adejayan Margaret T. , Adeleke Elijah A. , Adeniyi Ifedayo M. , Terna Augustine D.
Published: March 2023

Cell and sub‐cellular anatomical adjustments are adaptations utilized by plants to tolerate abiotic stress. Both melatonin and Morinda lucida‐silver nanoparticles (ML‐AgNPs) are recognized as bio‐stimulants. The study examined the morphological changes and adaptive characteristics of these bio‐stimulants under water‐stress Eugenia uniflora. Twenty‐four hours was spent priming the seeds with melatonin (0.06 mg/L), ML‐AgNPs (0.06 mg/L), and a mixture (1:1) of the two. The seeds were sown and subjected to water stress for 7 days. The leaves, stems, and roots of water‐stressed E. uniflora were sectioned, dried, and examined using a microscope. Drought stress led to the production of non‐glandular trichomes on the abaxial and the transformation of paracytic stomata into diacytic stomata. During water stress, melatonin enlarges intercellular gaps and stomata, increases sponge and palisade parenchyma, and thickens epidermis (stem and root) and fibers. The ML‐AgNPs diminished the size of mesophyll, intercellular gaps, stomata, and stem fiber. The ML‐AgNPs increased the size of bulliform cells and activated the mechanical resistance features of sclerophyllous leaves (thick‐celled epidermis and sclerieds) and ray parenchyma (root and stem). Equally, Melatonin and ML‐AgNPs increased stem and root anatomical characteristics (xylem, bark, pith, cortex, epidermis, and vascular bundles). Stomata of E. uniflora are susceptible to alterations and undergo cell division into two new stomata (stomatogensis) in response to varying conditions (melatonin and ML‐AgNPs). Melatonin adopted a strategy for maintaining a high plant water status, possibly by osmoregulation, whereas E. uniflora primed with ML‐AgNPs survived by minimizing transpirational water loss through morphological changes.
The glycoprotein CD147 defines miRNA‐enriched extracellular vesicles that derive from cancer cells
Authors: Ko Song Yi , Lee WonJae , Weigert Melanie , Jonasch Eric , Lengyel Ernst , Naora Honami
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ideal for liquid biopsy, but distinguishing cancer cell‐derived EVs and subpopulations of biomarker‐containing EVs in body fluids has been challenging. Here, we identified that the glycoproteins CD147 and CD98 define subpopulations of EVs that are distinct from classical tetraspanin+ EVs in their biogenesis. Notably, we identified that CD147+ EVs have substantially higher microRNA (miRNA) content than tetraspanin+ EVs and are selectively enriched in miRNA through the interaction of CD147 with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1. Studies using mouse xenograft models showed that CD147+ EVs predominantly derive from cancer cells, whereas the majority of tetraspanin+ EVs are not of cancer cell origin. Circulating CD147+ EVs, but not tetraspanin+ EVs, were significantly increased in prevalence in patients with ovarian and renal cancers as compared to healthy individuals and patients with benign conditions. Furthermore, we found that isolating miRNAs from body fluids by CD147 immunocapture increases the sensitivity of detecting cancer cell‐specific miRNAs, and that circulating miRNAs isolated by CD147 immunocapture more closely reflect the tumor miRNA signature than circulating miRNAs isolated by conventional methods. Collectively, our findings reveal that CD147 defines miRNA‐enriched, cancer cell‐derived EVs, and that CD147 immunocapture could be an effective approach to isolate cancer‐derived miRNAs for liquid biopsy.
Convection‐permitting climate simulations with COSMO‐CLM over northwestern Türkiye under the RCP8.5 scenario
Authors: Sonuç Cemre Yürük , Ünal Yurdanur , İncecik Selahattin
Published: March 2023

The performance of the climate simulations by the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR, as well as projected future temperature and precipitation conditions over northwestern Türkiye at the convection‐permitting resolution, are shown in this study. In terms of mean, maximum and minimum temperatures and daily total precipitation, the model response was examined. Comparisons with observations were made on an annual and seasonal basis. The convection‐permitting model (0.0275°) provides a satisfactory representation of annual and seasonal mean temperatures according to bias, MAE and RMSE. Better results were found for precipitation with respect to RE, MAE and RMSE. Finally, we used the RCP8.5 emission scenario to investigate future climate changes in terms of average temperature and precipitation variations for northwestern Türkiye, including Istanbul, over two projection periods (2041–2060 and 2071–2090) compared to the reference period (1991–2005). The model predicts significant warming in northwestern Türkiye, particularly in Istanbul and its environs, by the end of the century, as well as a general decrease in precipitation, especially evident in the spring and summer. The findings of this study can be used to develop climate adaptation policies based on temperature and precipitation variables in and around the study area.
Effects of processing methods on quality, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity of Ginkgo biloba leaf tea product
Authors: Li Fengnan , Boateng Isaac D , Yang Xiao‐Ming , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Weimin
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain beneficial flavonoids, bilobalide (BB), and ginkgolides. However, the toxic ginkgolic acid (GA) limit its application. In this study, various traditional processing methods were used to prepare G. biloba leaf tea (GBLT), including white tea, black tea, dark tea, green tea, and freeze‐dried as control, followed by investigations of their effects on quality, antioxidant capacity, bioactive components, and cytotoxicity of the tea products.

RESULTS

Results showed that different processing methods significantly impact the tea products' quality indexes and the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) corroborated it. White tea had the highest total sugar (TS) and GA content and the most potent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. However, TS and GA content and the cytotoxicity of GBLT markedly decreased during fermentation and fixation. Moreover, white tea possessed higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and more vigorous antioxidant activities than green tea, black tea, and dark tea. Terpene trilactones value was stable, but different catechins contents fluctuated according to the manufacturing process of different GBLTs. Among the four GBLTs, dark tea combining fixation and fermentation had the lowest GA content and cytotoxicity, less bioactive components reduction, appropriate quality, and stronger flavor.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that fixation and fermentation help reduce GAs during the manufacturing of GBLT. However, their ability to retain bioactive substances needs further optimization in future studies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Universal continuous calculus for Su*‐algebras
Authors: Schötz Matthias
Published: March 2023

Universal continuous calculi are defined and it is shown that for every finite tuple of pairwise commuting Hermitian elements of a Su*‐algebra (an ordered *‐algebra that is symmetric, i.e., “strictly” positive elements are invertible and uniformly complete), such a universal continuous calculus exists. This generalizes the continuous calculus for ‐algebras to a class of generally unbounded ordered *‐algebras. On the way, some results about *‐algebras of continuous functions on locally compact spaces are obtained. The approach used throughout is rather elementary and especially avoids any representation theory.
Robust stability of uncertain stochastic switched inertial neural networks with time‐varying delay using state‐dependent switching law
Authors: Nasira Banu A. , Banupriya K. , Krishnasamy R. , Vinodkumar A.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the problem of robust stability analysis for a type of uncertain stochastic switched inertial neural networks (SSINNs) with time‐varying delay is investigated. First, the original second‐order system is converted into first‐order differential equations using the variable transformation method. Next, some sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are obtained using Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF), state‐dependent switching (SDS) method, and Jensen's integral inequality for estimating integral inequalities so that the augmented system is robust, global, and asymptotically stable in the mean square for the uncertain SSINNs with time‐varying delay. It is shown that the stability of the above considered system composed of all unstable subsystems can be achieved by using the SDS law. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SDS law.
Beam‐squint rectified balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna with sliced fins and quarter‐wavelength labyrinth director
Authors: Mahalingam M. Sandhana , Ruth Jency Albert , Ramasamy Pandeeswari , Ko Seok‐Bum
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a gain‐enhanced, beam‐squint rectified balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA) with symmetrically sliced fins and a novel square‐shaped metallic labyrinth director. The proposed antenna operates from 2 to 18 GHz with S11 less than −10 dB maintaining a fractional bandwidth of 160%, realizes 12.564 dBi as maximum gain at 18 GHz, and achieves greater than 3.415 dBi gain throughout the functioning band of frequency. Improvement of broadside gain by reconfiguration of current loops through symmetric slicing of radiating flares and beam‐squint correction using quarter‐wavelength labyrinth director are addressed by the proposed antenna. The maximum realized size of the antenna is 80 × 40 × 0.508 mm3. Consistent radiation patterns are observed at selected frequencies. Numerical evaluation with a full wave simulation tool and consequent experimental validation with a compact antenna test range is performed.
Alkylaluminum/Urea Hybrid Cocatalysts and Their Use in Iron‐Catalyzed Oligomerization of Ethylene
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ye Jian , Jiang Yinzhi , Jiang Shuqin , Xiao Wei , Wei Dongchu
Published: March 2023

The bis(imino)pyridyl iron‐based ethylene oligomerization catalysts have the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high activity and high selectivity to linear α‐olefins. However, barriers, such as high polymer content in the product mixture and large methylaluminoxane (MAO) dosage, are still limitations for the development of these systems at the industrial scale. In this study, new cocatalysts are prepared by the reaction of alkylaluminums with urea and its derivatives, and successfully used to activate iron‐based catalysts. It is found that the type and molar ratio of alkylaluminum and urea have significant influence on the performance of the cocatalysts. The activity of the preferred triisobutylaluminum/urea activated systems reaches more than 3.0 × 108 g (mol‐Fe)−1 h−1, and the polymer content can be controlled to be less than 2 wt.%. Notably, the catalytic system exhibits good high temperature stability, the activity can still reach 1.0 × 108 g (mol‐Fe)−1 h−1 even at 120 °C. Further 1H NMR studies show that alkylaluminum can react with the NH moieties of urea, forming complex alkylaluminum clusters, even aluminoxane‐like structures. This study offers a promising family of cocatalysts, making it possible to simultaneously improve their performance and reduce their cost.
Work limitations and associated factors in rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia
Authors: Brown Tamara , Hammond Alison , Ching Angela , Parker Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) impact on work participation. The aims of this study were to: examine work limitations of working people with: rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia using the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (WALS, a measure of presenteeism); and identify personal, functioning and disability, and work contextual factors associated with presenteeism.

Methods

Secondary analysis was conducted of a cross‐sectional survey including work outcome measures (WORK‐PROM study). A literature review identified variables (coded to ICF) to include in multivariable regressions examining factors associated with presenteeism.

Results

Moderate to high WALS scores were identified in: 93.60% with FM; 69.90% OA; 65.20% RA; and 46.80% axSpA (n = 822). Similarities in work limitations were noted across conditions, although some more problematic in specific RMD. Participants received help with about a quarter of activities (27%RA; 25%FM; 23%OA; 17%axSpA) and work adaptations for less than a fifth causing difficulty (18%FM; 14%RA; 14%OA; 9%axSpA). Literature review identified 33 variables in the WORK‐PROM dataset to include in multivariable regressions. Factors associated with higher WALS scores were worse: functional limitations, job strain, pain, difficulties with mental‐interpersonal job demands, perceived health status, work‐life balance, greater need for work accommodations and lack of perceived work support.

Discussion

This study extends understanding of work limitations of working people with these four RMD, the extent of help and adaptations received, need for more work accommodation support, and focus on work support, work rehabilitation, and healthy workplace practices to help keep people working.
Factors influencing foot care behaviour among patients with diabetes: An integrative literature review
Authors: Woo Ming Wei Jeffrey , Cui Jiao
Published: March 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to examine factors influencing diabetic foot care behaviours (DFCBs) among patients with diabetes.

Design

An Integrative review using the Whittemore & Knafl five‐stage framework.

Methods

A systematic search was performed to retrieve relevant peer‐reviewed literature published in English between 2011 and 2021 across three electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline (PubMed) and Scopus. Following the quality appraisal, 35 papers were included in this review.

Results

This review revealed that patients' DFCBs were suboptimal. Additionally, four emerging themes were identified as the predictors of DFCB, namely: demographic characteristics as predictors of diabetic foot care behaviour; illness beliefs and perceptions as predictors of diabetic foot care behaviour; foot care knowledge as a predictor of diabetic foot care behaviour and foot care education as a predictor of diabetic foot care behaviour. This calls for nurses to devise educational strategies that adequately address these determinants to drive long‐term positive DFCB among patients.
Prognostic value of xenograft engraftment in patients with metastatic high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Aschero Rosario , Castillo‐Ecija Helena , Baulenas‐Farres Merce , Resa‐Pares Claudia , Jimenez‐Cabaco Ana , Rodriguez Eva , Monterrubio Carles , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Suñol Mariona , Chantada Guillermo L. , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , Carcaboso Angel M.
Published: March 2023

Background

Successful engraftment of human cancer biopsies in immunodeficient mice correlates with the poor prognosis of patients. This was reported 30 years ago for children with neuroblastoma, but the standard of care treatment evolved significantly during the last 15 years, leading to improved survival of these patients. Here, we evaluated the association of patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and prognosis in patients receiving up‐to‐date treatments for cancers classified as metastatic (stage M) high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NB) by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS).

Methods

We obtained biopsies from patients with stage M HR‐NB. We inoculated biopsy fragments subcutaneously in mice. We studied the association of PDX engraftment with event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients.

Results

Since 2009, we established 17 PDX from 97 samples of 66 patients with stage M HR‐NB, with a follow‐up of at least two years. Factors associated with higher probability of engraftment were the death as outcome (p = .0006) and the amplification of the gene MYCN in tumors (p = .0271). Patients whose biopsies established a PDX had significantly shorter EFS and OS (p = .0039 and .0002, respectively) than patients whose samples did not engraft. The association of PDX engraftment and OS was significant in patients without MYCN amplification (p = .0041), but not in patients with MYCN amplification (p = .2707).

Conclusion

Positive PDX engraftment is a factor related to poor prognosis and fatal outcome in patients with stage M HR‐NB treated with up‐to‐date therapies.
The crystallinity of chemically bonded PA‐PTFE‐oil compounds by X‐ray diffraction and DSC
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duong , Farshchi Negin , Ulbricht Tim Johannes Thomas , Leopold Anne‐Katrin , Schmidt Thomas , Uhlig Kai , Stommel Markus , Voit Brigitte , Gedan‐Smolka Michaela
Published: March 2023

One of the major shortcomings of compounding polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and olefinic oils is the fact that they are incompatible. To overcome this issue, using energy radiation in the presence of oxygen leads to the breakage of the PTFE chain to generate hydrophilic functional groups (COF, COOH) and peroxy radicals. The created functional groups and radicals can be used to induce a chemical bond between PA and PTFE as well as between PTFE and olefinic oil molecules. In addition, the hardness of compounds significantly influences the application of materials as solid‐lubricant. It is well known that crystallinity affects the hardness of materials. In the presented study, the effects of the chemical bonding PA‐PTFE/PA‐PTFE‐oil on the crystallization behavior of various types of PA in chemically bonded PA‐PTFE‐oil‐chemically bonded compounds, which were prepared by reactive two‐step extrusion, were investigated via DSC and X‐ray diffraction. The crystallite size of PA46 and PA66 in PA‐PTFE‐chemically bonded (cb) compounds was significantly increased compared with pure PA. At the same time, the d‐spacings of the PA segment in PA‐PTFE compounds were significantly narrower. Due to the chemical coupling, the compounds showed a slight change in hardness compared with pure PA.
Evaluating posttraumatic stress in young adult cancer survivors: Implications of revised DSM‐5 traumatic event criteria
Authors: Recklitis Christopher J. , Michaud Alexis , Blackmon Jaime Elizabeth , Orsillo Susan , Chang Grace
Published: March 2023

Objective

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Diagnoses (DSM‐5) significantly narrowed conditions under which life‐threatening illnesses meet qualifying traumatic event (QTE) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To investigate the impact of this change on identification of PTSD in young adult cancer survivors (YACS), we compared prevalence of QTE exposure using DSM‐5 and earlier DSM‐IV criteria.

Methods

The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐5 (SCID‐5) was customized for study goals and administered to a convenience sample of 250 YACS ages 18–40 followed at a single cancer center.

Results

The SCID‐5 was well‐tolerated by participants and estimated duration was brief (33 min; range 12–75). Only 35 interviews (14%) presented complex scoring questions. 168 participants (67.2%) identified cancer as their “most stressful or traumatic experience.” Applying DSM‐IV criteria, 227 YACS (90.8%) reported any QTEs; prevalence was significantly reduced following more restrictive DSM‐5 QTE criteria, with only 124 YACS (49.6%) reporting ≥1 QTE (z = −9.68, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The SCID‐5 can be successfully adapted to assess QTEs in YACS following both DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria. DSM‐5 criteria significantly limit prevalence of QTE exposures compared with DSM‐IV. As the majority of YACS identify cancer as their most stressful life event, it is critically important to investigate its impact on their psychological functioning. Until more is known about how PTSD symptoms may arise after cancer, clinicians and researchers should adapt PTSD assessments to systematically evaluate the role of cancer as a traumatic event that may lead to PTSD symptoms in YACS.
Disentangling Phase and Morphological Evolution During the Formation of the Lithium Superionic Conductor Li10GeP2S12
Authors: Lu Xin , Windmüller Anna , Schmidt Dana , Schöner Sandro , Schierholz Roland , Tsai Chih‐Long , Kungl Hans , Liao Xunfan , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Chen Yiwang , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: March 2023

The structural and morphological changes of the Lithium superionic conductor Li10GeP2S12, prepared via a widely used ball milling‐heating method over a comprehensive heat treatment range (50 – 700 °C), are investigated. Based on the phase composition, the formation process can be distinctly separated into four zones: Educt, Intermediary, Formation, and Decomposition zone. It is found that instead of Li4GeS4–Li3PS4 binary crystallization process, diversified intermediate phases, including GeS2 in different space groups, multiphasic lithium phosphosulfides (LixPySz), and cubic Li7Ge3PS12 phase, are involved additionally during the formation and decomposition of Li10GeP2S12. Furthermore, the phase composition at temperatures around the transition temperatures of different formation zones shows a significant deviation. At 600 °C, Li10GeP2S12 is fully crystalline, while the sample decomposed to complex phases at 650 °C with 30 wt.% impurities, including 20 wt.% amorphous phases. These findings over such a wide temperature range are first reported and may help provide previously lacking insights into the formation and crystallinity control of Li10GeP2S12.
Austenite Nucleation and Growth as a Function of Starting Microstructure for a Fe–0.15C–5.56Mn–1.1Si–1.89Al Medium‐Mn Steel
Authors: Mehrabi Azin , McDermid Joseph R. , Wang Xiang , Zurob Hatem
Published: March 2023

The effects of starting microstructure and intercritical annealing temperature on the phase‐transformation kinetics and microstructural evolution of a prototype Fe–0.15C–5.56Mn–1.1Si–1.89Al medium‐Mn third‐generation advanced high‐strength steel are examined. The starting microstructures comprise 1) an as‐received cold‐rolled (CR) microstructure containing a significant fraction of ferrite and tempered martensite and 2) an austenitized and quenched martensite–ferrite (MF) microstructure. Based on the microstructural observations, two different scenarios for austenite formation during intercritical annealing are proposed. For the CR starting microstructure, austenite can nucleate at ferrite/cementite interfaces, and at ferrite grain boundaries. In the case of the MF starting microstructure, which contains thin films of interlath retained austenite (RA), austenite forms on the martensite lath boundaries or grows directly from the existing interlath RA. The studies are interpreted using the DICTRA module of Thermo‐Calc. At 665 °C, the austenite reversion kinetics of the MF samples are faster than the transformation kinetics in the CR structure. At higher temperatures where most of the cementite has dissolved, the austenite fraction in both starting microstructures is very similar.
When literacy ate language: An analysis of a research‐based literacy intervention for designated English Learners
Authors: Morita‐Mullaney Trish , Gao Fang , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2023

Scripted literacy programs are frequently used with designated English learners (ELs) as an intervention to address below–grade‐level reading comprehension. Most literacy programs lack an explicit focus on oral language, vocabulary in use, and immersive writing, needed areas to improve reading comprehension and English proficiency among designated ELs. Literacy interventions often work in tandem with English as a second language (ESL) instructional delivery or as a substitute and are staffed with personnel trained in reading interventions, but do not necessarily involve the principles of English language development or multilingualism. In this case study, the researchers examine a literacy intervention and how it is interpreted and implemented by elementary reading specialists. Findings demonstrate that reading teachers following the literacy intervention protocol fostered oral language and vocabulary, yet the emphasis was on reading, with very little time focused on writing. Implications point to the need for reading programs to conceptualize their teaching within a framework of English language development and multilingualism, instead of defaulting to reading interventions alone. A mapping in collaboration with general education, ESL, and reading teachers is needed to foster congruence across literacy and language learning. The authors call upon stakeholders implementing literacy programs to conceptualize multilingual language and literacy resources that encompass oral language, vocabulary, and immersive writing.
Einleitung
Authors: Lessky Franziska
Published: March 2023

Bildung gilt nach wie vor als ‚vererbt‘: Das Bildungsniveau der Eltern bestimmt maßgeblich das Bildungsniveau des Kindes und damit auch dessen Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Studium aufzunehmen (OECD 2020, 2017; Unger et al. 2020; O'Shea 2016; Marginson 2016). Doch wie gestalten sich Bildungswege jener Personen, die als Erste innerhalb ihrer Familie ein Studium absolvieren (Firstin-Family Studierende), und deren Bildungserfolg damit nicht als elterliches Erbe im Sinne der sozialen Reproduktion betrachtet werden kann? Wie nehmen diese Studierenden, die innerhalb ihrer Familie nicht auf studienbezogene Erfahrungen zurückgreifen können, ihr Studium wahr? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum der vorliegenden Dissertation.
Quantum gravity bounds on $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 effective theories in four dimensions
Authors: Martucci Luca , Risso Nicolò , Weigand Timo
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We propose quantum gravitational constraints on effective four-dimensional theories with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry. These Swampland constraints arise by demanding consistency of the worldsheet theory of a class of axionic, or EFT, strings whose existence follows from the Completeness Conjecture of quantum gravity. Modulo certain assumptions, we derive positivity bounds and quantization conditions for the axionic couplings to the gauge and gravitational sector at the two- and four-derivative level, respectively. We furthermore obtain general bounds on the rank of the gauge sector in terms of the gravitational couplings to the axions. We exemplify how these bounds rule out otherwise consistent effective supergravity theories as theories of quantum gravity. Our derivations of the quantum gravity bounds are tested and further motivated in concrete string theoretic settings. In particular, this leads to a sharper version of the bound on the gauge group rank in F-theory on elliptic four-folds with a smooth base, which improves the known geometrical Kodaira bounds. We furthermore provide a detailed derivation of the EFT string constraints in heterotic string compactifications including higher derivative corrections to the effective action and apply the bounds to M-theory compactifications on G2 manifolds.
Vanishing short multiplets in rank one 4d/5d SCFTs
Authors: Song Jaewon
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study the short multiplet spectrum in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal theories of low rank using the full superconformal indices and the selection rules from the superconformal representation theory. We find a universal expression for the leading terms for the superconformal index of rank one H0, H1, H2, D4, E6, E7 theories. From this result, we argue that certain short multiplets appear in the operator product expansions involving stress-tensor, conserved current, and Coulomb branch operator vanish. We also apply the same procedure to 5d superconformal theories and find that E1 theory has vanishing short multiplets analogous to that of the H1 theory.
Origami and Descriptive Geometry: Tangible Models to Enhance Spatial Skills
Authors: Zich Ursula
Published: March 2023

The use of tangible models to enhance spatial skills and geometric thinking is common practice in architects’ and mathematicians’ curricula. Thanks to its design/folding, origami is a powerful tool for transversal didactic experiences between drawing and geometry, where we find the ideal context in which to verify its effectiveness.
Dermatoskopie von granulomatösen und Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut
Authors: Király Zsófia , Róbert Lili , Joura Marie Isolde , Hidvégi Bernadett
Published: March 2023

Die Dermatoskopie ist ein leicht zugängliches, nichtinvasives Diagnoseinstrument, das ursprünglich zur Unterscheidung von gutartigen und bösartigen Hauttumoren eingesetzt wurde. Mit dem Dermatoskop ist nicht nur der Pigmentgehalt von Nävi beurteilbar, sondern auch bei verschiedenen anderen Dermatosen können unterschiedliche, charakteristische Strukturen, wie z. B. Schuppen, Follikelöffnungen oder Gefäße, beurteilt werden. Die Erkennung dieser Muster kann die Diagnose von entzündlichen oder infektiösen dermatologischen Erkrankungen erleichtern. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, die unterschiedlichen dermatoskopischen Merkmale granulomatöser und autoimmuner Hautkrankheiten zu beschreiben. Die Diagnose granulomatöser Hauterkrankungen basiert auf der histopathologischen Untersuchung. Das dermatoskopische Bild dieser Erkrankungen (kutane Sarkoidose, Granuloma anulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica und granulomatöse Rosazea) weist viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf, jedoch gibt es auch einige Unterschiede zwischen den Dermatosen zu beachten, v. a. dem Granuloma anulare. Die Eckpfeiler der Diagnose von Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut (zirkumskripte Sklerodermie, systemische Sklerose, Dermatomyositis, kutaner Lupus erythematodes) sind das klinische Bild, die Immundiagnostik und die Histologie, jedoch kann die Dermatoskopie den Diagnoseprozess und die Nachsorge der Patienten unterstützen. Bei Krankheiten, bei denen vaskuläre Anomalien eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese spielen, wird die Videokapillaroskopie zur Untersuchung der Mikrozirkulation an den Kapillaren des Nagelfalzes eingesetzt. Die Dermatoskopie kann in der täglichen klinischen Praxis ein leicht zugängliches Diagnoseinstrument für granulomatöse und autoimmune Hautkrankheiten sein. Obwohl in vielen Fällen eine Biopsie unvermeidlich ist, können die eindeutigen dermatoskopischen Strukturen den diagnostischen Prozess unterstützen.
Correction to: Production and applications of fluorobody from redox-engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Srila Witsanu , Min Thae Thae , Sumphanapai Thitima , Rangnoi Kuntalee , Berkmen Mehmet , Yamabhai Montarop
Published: March 2023

The article “Production and applications of fluorobody from redox‑engineered Escherichia coli” was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 107, issue 5-6, page 1959–1970, the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication.
Decreased expression of prolyl hydroxylase 1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers
Authors: Melling Nathaniel , Grass Julia , Reeh Matthias , Tachezy Michael , Blessmann Marco , Izbicki Jakob R. , Grupp Katharina
Published: March 2023

Background

Prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) is a prognostic marker in several cancers.

Aims and scopes

This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical relevance of PHD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis.

Materials and methods

We compared PHD1 expression on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing samples from 1800 CRCs with corresponding clinicopathological tumor variables and patient survival.

Results

While PHD1 staining was always high in benign colorectal epithelium, high PHD1 staining was detectable in only 71.8% of CRCs. Low PHD1 staining was associated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0101) and shortened overall survival in CRC patients (p = 0.0011). In a multivariable analysis including tumor stage, histological type and PHD1 staining revealed tumor stage and histological type (p < 0.0001 each), but also PHD1 staining (p = 0.0202) to be independent prognostic markers for CRC.

Conclusions

In our cohort, loss of PHD1 expression independently identified a subset of CRC patients with poor overall survival and might, thus, be a promising prognostic marker. PHD1 targeting may even allow for specific therapeutic approaches for these patients.
First Diels–Alder reaction of a N-nitrogen-substituted iminium ion as dienophile furnishing N-amino-substituted 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Gamper Michael , Gstach Hubert , Schantl Joachim G.
Published: March 2023

The exploratory and preliminary work on the reaction of 1-(methoxydiphenylmethyl)-2-methyldiazene with 1,3-dienes reveals a remarkable dichotomy furnishing different heterocyclic Diels–Alder products depending on the presence or absence of water. In contrast to the acid-induced hydrolysis of the N,O-ketal starting material with 1,3-dienes furnishing 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazines (preceding communication), the same acid-promoted reaction albeit under exclusion of water affords N-(methyleneamino)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines. The serendipitous discovery of the novel 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines was corroborated by an alternative and independent synthesis providing the in situ generated formaldehyde benzophenone azine and its conjugate acid, 2-(diphenylmethylene)-1-methylenehydrazin-1-ium ion. The protonated azine serving as the putative dienophile resembles the first example of an N-nitrogen-substituted iminium ion employed as a dienophile in a bona fide normal electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction.

Graphical abstract
Internal tides in the central Mediterranean Sea: observational evidence and numerical studies
Authors: Oddo P. , Poulain P. M. , Falchetti S. , Storto A. , Zappa G.
Published: March 2023

Internal tides are studied in the central Mediterranean Sea using observational data and numerical experiments. Both numerical results and observations indicate that the baroclinic variability in this area is dominated by the K1 diurnal tide. In agreement with previous studies, the diurnal internal tides have the characteristics of Kelvin-like bottom trapped waves. They are mainly generated by the interaction of the induced barotropic tidal flow with the steep bathymetric gradient connecting the Ionian Sea with the shallow Sicily Channel. The bathymetric gradient appears to be the major forcing shaping the propagation paths of the internal tides. The most energetic internal tides follow the steep bathymetric gradient, propagating southward and tending to dissipate rapidly. Other waves cross the continental shelf south of Malta and then split with one branch moving toward the southern coast of Sicily and the other moving toward the west. Internal tides propagate with a variable phase velocity of about 1 ms−1 and a wavelength of the order of 100 km. During their journey, the internal waves appear to be subject to local processes that can modify their characteristics. The induced vertical shear strongly dominates the vertical turbulence and generates vertical mixing that alters the properties of the water masses traversing the area. Barotropic and internal tides remove heat from the ocean surface, increasing atmospheric heating, and redistributing energy through increased lateral heat fluxes. Lateral heat fluxes are significantly greater in the presence of internal tides due to the simultaneous increase in volume fluxes and water temperatures.
The impact of innovative technologies in construction activities on concrete debris recycling in China: a system dynamics-based analysis
Authors: Zhang Ning , Konyalıoğlu Aziz Kemal , Duan Huabo , Feng Haibo , Li Huanyu
Published: March 2023

As construction activities become more intensive in developing countries, increasing improperly managed construction and demolition waste (CDW) brings serious environmental impacts. Recycling is a beneficial way to dispose of CDW that reduces environmental impact and brings economic benefits, especially for concrete. China is the country that generates the most CDW in the world, but its domestic recycling rate is much lower than that of developed countries. While the efficient technologies in developed regions have helped them to achieve a well-established recycling industry, whether these innovative technologies can be used to improve the concrete debris recycling targets in developing regions is unclear. This study examines whether innovations currently widely used in construction activities and materials can have a positive effect on the recycling of End-of-Life concrete materials in China. Results from modeling system dynamics imply that the introduction of innovative technologies in the recycling system of concrete debris can probably contribute to CO2 reduction (3.6% reduction) and economic benefits (2.6 times increase, but mainly from landfill charges and fines) from 2022 to 2030. Prefabrication and 3D printing significantly impact recycled concrete production and CDW recycling, and they are recommended as a priority for promotion. In contrast, carbonation is not suggested for application due to its minor role. Nevertheless, since the market share of innovative technologies and the basic CDW recycling rates are currently low in China, fluctuations in their usage are hardly to have a substantial positive impact. We suggest that financial support from the government is needed for upcycling by recyclers and technology providers to improve the base recycling rate in order for innovative technologies to make an effective contribution to the sustainable construction industry, creating a win–win situation for both the economy and the environment of the recycling system.
Knowledge Accumulation in Theatre Rehearsals: The Emergence of a Gesture as a Solution for Embodying a Certain Aesthetic Concept
Authors: Norrthon Stefan , Schmidt Axel
Published: March 2023

Theater rehearsals are (usually) confronted with the problem of having to transform a written text into an audio-visual, situated and temporal performance. Our contribution focuses on the emergence and stabilization of a gestural form as a solution for embodying a certain aesthetic concept which is derived from the script. This process involves instructions and negotiations, making the process of stabilization publicly and thus intersubjectively accessible. As scenes are repeatedly rehearsed, rehearsals are perspicuous settings for tracking interactional histories. Based on videotaped professional theatre interactions in Germany, we focus on consecutive instances of rehearsing the same scene and trace the interactional history of a particular gesture. This gesture is used by the director to instruct the actors to play a particular aspect of a scene adopting a certain aesthetic concept. Stabilization requires the emergence of shared knowledge. We will show the practices by which shared knowledge is established over time during the rehearsal process and, in turn, how the accumulation of knowledge contributes to a change in the interactional practices themselves. Specifically, we show how a gesture emerges in the process of developing and embodying an aesthetic concept, and how this gesture eventually becomes a sign that refers to and evokes accumulated knowledge. At the same time, we show how this accumulated knowledge changes the instructional activities in the rehearsal process. Our study contributes to the overall understanding of knowledge accumulation in interaction in general and in theater rehearsals in particular. At the same time, it is devoted to the central importance of gestures in theater, which are both a means and a product of theatrical staging.
Stigma Associated with Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among People from Migrant and Ethnic Minority Groups: Results from a Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Douglass Caitlin H. , Win Thin Mar , Goutzamanis Stelliana , Lim Megan S. C. , Block Karen , Onsando Gerald , Hellard Margaret , Higgs Peter , Livingstone Charles , Horyniak Danielle
Published: March 2023

Stigma reduces access to alcohol and other drug (AOD) support. This systematic review explored perceptions and experiences of stigma associated with AOD use among migrant and ethnic minority groups. Qualitative studies published in English were identified using six databases. Two reviewers screened and critically appraised articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative studies. Data were synthesised using best fit framework synthesis. Twenty-three studies were included. Stigma drivers and facilitators included stereotypes, socio-cultural norms, legal responses and precarious lived experiences. Stigma intersected with gender, citizenship, race and ethnicity and manifested though shame, exclusion, secondary stigma and discrimination in treatment. Outcomes and impacts included avoidance of services, emotional distress, isolation and loneliness. This review identified similar stigma experiences to other populations, however outcomes were complicated by precarious lived experiences and multiple stigmatised identities. Multi-level interventions are required to reduce AOD-related stigma for migrant and ethnic minority groups.
Insights into Changing Dermatophyte Spectrum in India Through Analysis of Cumulative 161,245 Cases Between 1939 and 2021
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Ramachandran S. , Das Shukla , Bhattacharya S. N. , Taneja Bhupesh
Published: March 2023

Dermatophytosis is one of the most common superficial infections of the skin affecting nearly one-fifth of the world population at any given time. With nearly 30% of worldwide terbinafine-resistance cases in Trichophyton mentagrophytes/Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum reported from India in recent years, there is a significant burden of the emerging drug resistance epidemic on India. Here, we carry out a comprehensive retrospective analysis of dermatophytosis in India using 1038 research articles pertaining to 161,245 cases reported from 1939 to 2021. We find that dermatophytosis is prevalent in all parts of the country despite variable climatic conditions in different regions. Our results show T. rubrum as the most prevalent until 2015, with a sudden change in dermatophyte spectrum towards T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex since then. We also carried out an 18S rRNA-based phylogenetics and an average nucleotide identity-and single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis of available whole genomes and find very high relatedness among the prevalent dermatophytes, suggesting geographic specificity. The comprehensive epidemiological and phylogenomics analysis of dermatophytosis in India over the last 80 years, presented here, would help in region-specific prevention, control and treatment of dermatophyte infections, especially considering the large number of emerging resistance cases.
Modeling and Simulation of Coalescence in the Context of Oil Mist Filtration
Authors: Hoch Dennis , Weber Andreas , Niessner Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Today, aerosols are generated in many industrial processes like machining or in pneumatic compressors. The harmfulness of these droplets often lies in the liquid itself, as it can be toxic or cancerous while exhaled natural aerosols can carry pathogens. For health protection, the filtration of these aerosols is an important task. The wetting properties of the fibers have a large influence on the filtration efficiency and coalescence of droplets on the fibers. Oleophilic fibers are better in capturing the oil particles, while drainage increases using oleophobic fibers. For improved efficiency and drainage properties, a mixed-wet fiber system could therefore be advantageous. Describing droplet capture and coalescence in filter-scale simulations is computationally extremely demanding. We present a new approach for simulating oil mist deposition and droplet coalescence, specifically accounting for the wettability of the fibers, especially for mixed-wet filter media. The aim is to gain a more realistic pressure loss of a fibrous filter structure which takes the presence of the filtered phase into account as well as the coalescence of the liquid phase on the fibers depending on the wettability and the fluid parameters. Our approach is to model the shape of deposited droplets via weighted distance maps, according to the contact angles. Starting from a sphere, the shape is fitted on the solid surface such that the contact angle is met. For validation purposes, volume-of-fluid-based simulations were set up using the same droplet-fiber system as a reference to compare the droplet shape and pressure loss in the presence of oil droplets on the fiber surface.