bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Dynamics Targeting CNT-Based Drug Delivery through Lung Cancer Cells: Design, Simulation, and Computational Approach
Authors: Sohrabi Nafiseh , Alihosseini Afshar , Pirouzfar Vahid , Pedram Maysam Zamani
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, carbon nano (CN) structures and specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of the nanotube’s nanoscale shape, are widely used in carrier and separation applications. The conjugation of CNTs with polysaccharide, proteins, drugs, and magnetic nanoparticles provides a chance for smart targeting and trajectory manipulation, which are used in the crucial field of life science applications, including for cancer disease diagnostics and treatments. Providing an optimal procedure for delivering a drug to a specific area based on mathematical criteria is key in systemic delivery design. Trajectory guidance and applied force control are the main parameters affected by systemic delivery. Moreover, a better understanding of the tissue parameters and cell membrane molecular behaviour are other factors that can be indirectly affected by the targeted delivery. Both sides are an essential part of successful targeting. The lung is one of the challenging organs for drug delivery inside the human body. It has a large surface area with a thin epithelium layer. A few severe diseases directly involve human lung cells, and optimal and successful drug delivery to the lung for the treatment procedure is vital. In this paper, we studied functionalized CNTs’ targeted delivery via crossing through the lung cell membrane. Molecular dynamics (MD) software simulated all the interaction forces. Mathematical modelling of the cell membrane and proposed delivery system based on the relation of velocity and force has been considered. Dynamics equations for CNTs were defined in the time and frequency domain using control theory methods. The proposed delivery system consists of two main parts: crossing through the cell membrane and targeting inside the cell. For both steps, a mathematical model and a proper magnetic field profile have been proposed. The designed system provides criteria for crossing through the cell membrane within 30 s to 5 min and a translocation profile of 1 to 100 Å.
Study of the Emergency Braking Test with an Autonomous Bus and the sEMG Neck Response by Means of a Low-Cost System
Authors: Fuentes del Toro Sergio , Santos-Cuadros Silvia , Olmeda Ester , San Román José Luis
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, due to the advances and the increasing implementation of the autonomous braking systems in vehicles, the non-collision accident is expected to become more common than a crash when a sudden stop happens. The most common injury in this kind of accident is whiplash or cervical injury since the neck has high sensitivity to sharp deceleration. To date, biomechanical research has usually been developed inside laboratories and does not entirely represent real conditions (e.g., restraint systems or surroundings of the experiment). With the aim of knowing the possible neck effects and consequences of an automatic emergency braking inside an autonomous bus, a surface electromyography (sEMG) system built by low-cost elements and developed by us, in tandem with other devices, such as accelerometers or cameras, were used. Moreover, thanks to the collaboration of 18 participants, it was possible to study the non-collision effects in two different scenarios (braking test in which the passenger is seated and looking ahead while talking with somebody in front of him (BT1) and, a second braking test where the passenger used a smartphone (BT2) and nobody is seated in front of him talking to him). The aim was to assess the sEMG neck response in the most common situations when somebody uses some kind of transport in order to conclude which environments are riskier regarding a possible cervical injury.
Pulse-Type Influence on the Micro-EDM Milling Machinability of Si3N4–TiN Workpieces
Authors: Marrocco Valeria , Modica Francesco , Bellantone Vincenzo , Medri Valentina , Fassi Irene
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the effect of the micro-electro discharge machining (EDM) milling machinability of Si3N4–TiN workpieces was investigated. The material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) were analyzed in relation to discharge pulse types in order to evaluate how the different pulse shapes impact on such micro-EDM performance indicators. Voltage and current pulse waveforms were acquired during micro-EDM trials, scheduled according to a Design of Experiment (DOE); then, a pulse discrimination algorithm was used to post-process the data off-line and discriminate the pulse types as short, arc, delayed, or normal. The analysis showed that, for the considered process parameter combinations, MRR was sensitive only to normal pulses, while the other pulse types had no remarkable effect on it. On the contrary, TWR was affected by normal pulses, but the occurrence of arcs and delayed pulses induced unexpected improvements in tool wear. Those results suggest that micro-EDM manufacturing of Si3N4–TiN workpiece is relevantly different from the micro-EDM process performed on metal workpieces such as steel. Additionally, the inspection of the Si3N4–TiN micro-EDM surface, performed by SEM and EDS analyses, showed the presence of re-solidified droplets and micro-cracks, which modified the chemical composition and the consequent surface quality of the machined micro-features.
Performance Evaluation of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Flag-Flutter
Authors: Elahi Hassan , Eugeni Marco , Fune Federico , Lampani Luca , Mastroddi Franco , Paolo Romano Giovanni , Gaudenzi Paolo
Published: October 2020

In the last few decades, piezoelectric (PZT) materials have played a vital role in the aerospace industry because of their energy harvesting capability. PZT energy harvesters (PEH) absorb the energy from an operational environment and can transform it into useful energy to drive nano/micro-electronic components. In this research work, a PEH based on the flag-flutter mechanism is presented. This mechanism is based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The flag is subjected to the axial airflow in the subsonic wind tunnel. The performance evaluation of the harvester and aeroelastic analysis is investigated numerically and experimentally. A novel solution is presented to extract energy from Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) phenomenon by means of PZT transduction. The PZT patch absorbs the flow-induced structural vibrations and transforms it into electrical energy. Furthermore, the optimal resistance and length of the flag is predicted to maximize the energy harvesting. Different configurations of flag i.e., with Aluminium (Al) patch and PZT patch for flutter mode vibration mode are studied numerically and experimentally. The bifurcation diagram is constructed for the experimental campaign for the flutter instability of a cantilevered flag in subsonic wind-tunnel. Moreover, the flutter boundary conditions are analysed for reduced critical velocity and frequency. The designed PZT energy harvester via flag-flutter mechanism is suitable for energy harvesting in aerospace engineering applications to drive wireless sensors. The maximum output power that can be generated from the designed harvester is 6.72 mW and the optimal resistance is predicted to be 0.33 MΩ.
Investigation of a Liquid-Phase Electrode for Micro-Electro-Discharge Machining
Authors: Huang Ruining , Yi Ying , Zhu Erlei , Xiong Xiaogang
Published: October 2020

Micro-electro-discharge machining (μEDM) plays a significant role in miniaturization. Complex electrode manufacturing and a high wear ratio are bottlenecks for μEDM and seriously restrict the manufacturing of microcomponents. To solve the electrode problems in traditional EDM, a µEDM method using liquid metal as the machining electrode was developed. Briefly, a liquid-metal tip was suspended at the end of a capillary nozzle and used as the discharge electrode for sparking the workpiece and removing workpiece material. During discharge, the liquid electrode was continuously supplied to the nozzle to eliminate the effects of liquid consumption on the erosion process. The forming process of a liquid-metal electrode tip and the influence of an applied external pressure and electric field on the electrode shape were theoretically analyzed. The effects of external pressure and electric field on the material removal rate (MRR), liquid-metal consumption rate (LMCR), and groove width were experimentally analyzed. Simulation results showed that the external pressure and electric field had a large influence on the electrode shape. Experimental results showed that the geometry and shape of the liquid-metal electrode could be controlled and constrained; furthermore, liquid consumption could be well compensated, which was very suitable for µEDM.
Clinical, Epidemiological, and Geospatial Characteristics of Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Treated with Second-Generation Direct-Action Antivirals in a Reference Center in a Mesoregion of São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Pena Danilo Zangirolami , Anadão Murilo Fernandes , Flores Edilson Ferreira , Okada Mayara Namimatsu , Filho Alexandre Martins Portelinha , Ferro Rodrigo Sala , Prestes-Carneiro Luiz Euribel
Published: October 2020

Hepatitis virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Currently, Brazil has almost 700,000 cases. The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) provides therapeutic regimens for people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We determined the clinical, laboratory, epidemiologic, and geospatial characteristics of patients infected with HCV treated with second-generation direct-action antivirals (DAAs) in a hospital reference center in São Paulo state, Brazil, using data from file records. A map was constructed using a geographic information system. From 2015 to 2018, 197 individuals received second-generation DAAs (mean age, 57.68 ± 1.36 years; interquartile range, 56.22–59.14 years; 58.9% male; 41.1% female). Genotypes 1a and 1b accounted for 75.7% of cases and the prevalent therapeutic regimen was sofosbuvir/simeprevir. Sustained viral response accounted for 98.9% and the METAVIR score F3/F4 for 50.8%. Increased alanine transferase was significantly correlated with an increase in α-fetoproteins (p = 0.01), and severe necro-inflammatory activity (p = 0.001). Associated comorbidities were found in 71.6%, mainly coronary artery and gastrointestinal disorders. The cumulative incidence in the region was 2.6 per 10,000 inhabitants. Our data highlight the role of reference hospitals in Brazil’s public health system in the treatment of HCV. Low incidence rates demonstrated the fragility of municipalities in the active search for patients.
A Defect Study and Classification of Brown Diamonds with Deformation-Related Color
Authors: Hainschwang Thomas , Notari Franck , Pamies Gianna
Published: October 2020

For this study, the properties of a large sample of various types of brown diamonds with a deformation-related (referred to as “DR” in this work) color were studied to properly characterize and classify such diamonds, and to compare them to pink to purple to red diamonds. The acquisition of low temperature NIR spectra for a large range of brown diamonds and photoexcitation studies combined with various treatment experiments have opened new windows into certain defect characteristics of brown diamonds, such as the amber centers and naturally occurring H1b and H1c centers. It was determined that the amber centers (referred to as “AC” in this work) exhibit rather variable behaviors to annealing and photoexcitation; the annealing temperature of these defects were determined to range from 1150 to >1850 °C and it was found that the 4063 cm−1 AC was the precursor defect of many other ACs. It is suggested that the amber centers in diamonds that contain at least some C centers are essentially identical to the ones seen in diamonds without C centers, but that they likely have a negative charge. The study of the naturally occurring H1b and H1c link them to the amber centers, specifically to the one at 4063 cm−1. Annealing experiments have shown that the H1b and H1c defects and the 4063 cm−1 AC were in line with each other. The obvious links between these defects points towards our suggestion that the H1b and H1c defects are standalone defects that consist of multiple vacancies and nitrogen and that they are—in the case of brown diamonds—a side product of the AC formation. A new classification of DR brown diamonds was elaborated that separates the diamonds in six different classes, depending on type and AC. This classification had been completed recently with the classification of brown diamonds with a non-deformation-related color (referred to as “NDR”), giving a total of 11 classes of brown diamonds.
Timing and Metamorphic Evolution of the Ross Orogeny in and around the Mountaineer Range, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Yi Sang-Bong , Lee Mi , Lee Jong , Kim Hwayoung
Published: October 2020

The Ross(–Delamerian) Orogeny significantly impacted the formation of the tectonic structure of the Pacific Gondwana margin during the early Paleozoic era. Northern Victoria Land (NVL) in Antarctica preserves the aspect of the Ross Orogeny that led to the union of the Wilson (WT)–Bowers (BT)–Robertson Bay Terrane. The aspect of the Ross Orogeny in the NVL is characterized by subduction of oceanic domains toward the continental margin (continental arc) and the accretion of the associated marine–continental substances from 530–480 Ma. In the Mountaineer Range in NVL, the Ross Orogeny strain zone is identified at the WT/BT boundary regions. In these areas, fold and thrust shear zones are observed and aspects of them can be seen at Mt. Murchison, the Descent Unit and the Black Spider Greenschist zone. The Dessent Unit corresponds to a tectonic slice sheared between the WT and BT. The metamorphic evolution phase of the Dessent Unit is summarized in the peak pressure (M1), peak temperature (M2) and retrograde (M3). The sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb ages of 514.6 ± 2.0 Ma and 499.2 ± 3.4 Ma obtained from the Dessent Unit amphibolite are comparable to the M1 and M2 stages, respectively. The Dessent Unit underwent intermediate pressure (P)/temperature (T)-type metamorphism characterized by 10.0–10.5 kbar/~600 °C (M1) and ~7 kbar/~700 °C (M2) followed by 4.0–4.5 kbar/~450 °C (M3). Mafic to intermediate magmatism (497–501 Ma) within the WT/BT boundary region may have given rise to the M2 stage of the Dessent Unit, and this magmatism is synchronous with the migmatization period of Mt. Murchison (498.3 ± 3.4 Ma). This indicates that a continuous process of fold-shearing–magmatic intrusion–partial melting, which is typically associated with a continental arc orogeny, occurred before and after c. 500 Ma in the Mountaineer Range. During the Ross Orogeny, the Dessent unit was initially subducted underneath the WT at depth (10.0–10.5 kbar, ~35 km) and then thrust into the shallow (~7 kbar, ~23 km), hot (≥700 °C) magmatic arc docking with the Mt. Murchison terrain, where migmatization prevailed.
Effects of Humic Acids on the Ecotoxicity of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Fe-Ions: Impact of Oxidation and Aging
Authors: Bondarenko Lyubov , Kahru Anne , Terekhova Vera , Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian , Uchanov Pavel , Kydralieva Kamila
Published: October 2020

The magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly produced and studied for various environmental applications, yet the information on their ecotoxicity is scarce. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of MNPs (~7 nm) before and after the addition of humic acids (HAs). White mustard Sinapis alba and unicellular ciliates Paramecium caudatum were used as test species. The MNPs were modified by HAs and oxidized/aged under mild and harsh conditions. Bare MNPs proved not toxic to plants (96 h EC50 > 3300 mg/L) but the addition of HAs and mild oxidation increased their inhibitory effect, especially after harsh oxidation (96 h EC50 = 330 mg/L). Nevertheless, all these formulations could be ranked as ‘not harmful’ to S. alba (i.e., 96 h EC50 > 100 mg/L). The same tendency was observed for ciliates, but the respective EC50 values ranged from ‘harmful’ (24 h EC50 = 10–100 mg/L) to ‘very toxic’ (24 h EC50 < 1 mg/L). The ecotoxicity of Fe-ions with and without the addition of HAs was evaluated in parallel: Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions were toxic to S. alba (96 h EC50 = 35 and 60 mg/L, respectively) and even more toxic to ciliates (24 h EC50 = 1 and 3 mg/L, respectively). Addition of the HAs to Fe-ions yielded the respective complexes not harmful to plants (96h EC50 > 100 mg/L) but toxic to ciliates (24 h EC50 = 10–100 mg/L). These findings will be helpful for the understanding of the environmental fate and toxicity of iron-based NPs.
Predicting Cytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Isalos Analytics Platform
Authors: Papadiamantis Anastasios G. , Jänes Jaak , Voyiatzis Evangelos , Sikk Lauri , Burk Jaanus , Burk Peeter , Tsoumanis Andreas , Ha My Kieu , Yoon Tae Hyun , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Lynch Iseult , Melagraki Georgia , Tämm Kaido , Afantitis Antreas
Published: October 2020

A literature curated dataset containing 24 distinct metal oxide (MexOy) nanoparticles (NPs), including 15 physicochemical, structural and assay-related descriptors, was enriched with 62 atomistic computational descriptors and exploited to produce a robust and validated in silico model for prediction of NP cytotoxicity. The model can be used to predict the cytotoxicity (cell viability) of MexOy NPs based on the colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and the luminometric adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay, both of which quantify irreversible cell membrane damage. Out of the 77 total descriptors used, 7 were identified as being significant for induction of cytotoxicity by MexOy NPs. These were NP core size, hydrodynamic size, assay type, exposure dose, the energy of the MexOy conduction band (EC), the coordination number of the metal atoms on the NP surface (Avg. C.N. Me atoms surface) and the average force vector surface normal component of all metal atoms (v⊥ Me atoms surface). The significance and effect of these descriptors is discussed to demonstrate their direct correlation with cytotoxicity. The produced model has been made publicly available by the Horizon 2020 (H2020) NanoSolveIT project and will be added to the project’s Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA).
Application of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials for Detection of Flavonoids
Authors: Hu Jinchun , Zhang Zhenguo
Published: October 2020

Flavonoids have a variety of physiological activities such as anti-free radicals, regulating hormone levels, antibacterial factors, and anti-cancer factors, which are widely present in edible and medicinal plants. Real-time detection of flavonoids is a key step in the quality control of diverse matrices closely related to social, economic, and health issues. Traditional detection methods are time-consuming and require expensive equipment and complicated working conditions. Therefore, electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and fast detection speed have aroused extensive research interest. Carbon nanomaterials are preferred material in improving the performance of electrochemical sensing. In this paper, we review the progress of electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon and graphene quantum dots, mesoporous carbon, and carbon black for detecting flavonoids in food and drug homologous substances in the last four years. In addition, we look forward to the prospects and challenges of this research field.
Daily Consumption of Coffee and Eating Bread at Breakfast Time Is Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue and with Lower Prevalence of Both Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Koyama Teruhide , Maekawa Mizuho , Ozaki Etsuko , Kuriyama Nagato , Uehara Ritei
Published: October 2020

Background: The study aimed to investigate the association between daily consumption of coffee or green tea, with and without habitual bread consumption for breakfast, and components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese populations. Methods: The study population consisted of 3539 participants (1239 males and 2300 females). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of daily coffee and green tea consumption with the prevalence of obesity, visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower proportions of visceral obesity (OR: 0.746, CI: 0.588–0.947) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.706, CI: 0.565–0.882). On the other hand, green tea was not associated with visceral obesity (OR: 1.105, CI: 0.885–1.380) or metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.980, CI: 0.796–1.206). The combination of daily drinking coffee and eating bread at breakfast time was associated with significantly lower proportions of obesity (OR: 0.613, CI: 0.500–0.751) (p = 0.911 for interaction), visceral obesity (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.425–0.710) (p = 0.991 for interaction), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.586, CI: 0.464–0.741) (p = 0.792 for interaction). Conclusion: Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower visceral adipose tissue and lower proportions of visceral obesity, but the same was not true for green tea consumption. Furthermore, in combination with coffee consumption, the addition of eating bread at breakfast time significantly lowered proportions of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, although there was no interaction between coffee and bread.
Contributions of Emotional Overload, Emotion Dysregulation, and Impulsivity to Eating Patterns in Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder and Seeking Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Benzerouk Farid , Djerada Zoubir , Bertin Eric , Barrière Sarah , Gierski Fabien , Kaladjian Arthur
Published: October 2020

Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is very frequently observed in patients considered for weight loss surgery and seems to influence their outcome critically. Literature highlights a global emotional overload in individuals with BED, but little is known on the mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to focus on emotion regulation, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety in people with and without BED and fulfilling inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Doing so, we sought to individualize factors related to BED. Then, we examined the contribution of depression, anxiety, emotion regulation difficulties, and impulsivity to inappropriate eating behaviors observed in patients with BED. Methods: A sample of 121 individuals (79.3% female, mean age: 40.82 ± 9.26, mean current body mass index (BMI): 44.92 kg/m2 ± 7.55) seeking bariatric surgery were recruited at the Champagne Ardenne Specialized Center in Obesity in Reims, France from November 2017 to October 2018. They were stratified as with or without BED according to the binge eating scale. Characteristics identified in univariate analyses as differentiating the two groups were then included in multivariable analyses. Results: Multivariable analyses showed that limited access to emotional regulation strategies was significantly associated with BED. Furthermore, inappropriate eating behaviors were independently associated with age, depression severity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and impulsivity in BED group. Conclusions: The present findings are indicative of an association between emotion deficit and BED in obese patients seeking bariatric surgery. Patients with BED could benefit from the addition of an emotion regulation intervention.
Microbiota, Fiber, and NAFLD: Is There Any Connection?
Authors: Pérez-Montes de Oca Alejandra , Julián María Teresa , Ramos Analía , Puig-Domingo Manel , Alonso Nuria
Published: October 2020

Gut microbiota can contribute to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, some specific changes of gut microbiota are observed in patients in what is called dysbiota. There has been a lot of investigation by using a variety of interventions, including diet, showing the possibility to modify components of gastrointestinal dysbiota towards healthy and multivariate microbiota to restore physiologic status. One of the main focuses has been dietary fiber (DF), in which most of its variants are prebiotics. The highest effective treatment for NAFLD is, so far, weight loss achieved by caloric restriction. DF supplementation with oligofructose facilitates weight loss, enhances the production of beneficial metabolites, decreases some pathogenic bacteria population by increasing Bifidobacteria, and has effects on intestinal barrier permeability. DF use has been associated with improvement in diverse metabolic diseases, including NAFLD, by modifying gut microbiota. Additionally, it has been shown that a higher insoluble fiber consumption (≥7.5 g/day) revealed improvements in 3 different scores of liver fibrosis. Further research is needed, but given the evidence available, it is reasonable to prescribe its consumption in early stages of NAFLD in order to prevent disease progression.
Double Burden of Malnutrition among Chinese Women of Reproductive Age and Their Social Determinants
Authors: Song Jingqi , Zhang Ji , Fawzi Wafaie , Huang Yangmu
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to examine the impact of a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic, and community factors on the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age using longitudinal data. We used data about 11,348 women of reproductive age who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a longitudinal survey, between 1989 and 2015. Nutritional outcomes were categorized into four groups, namely underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with normal weight as reference. A multinomial logit model was fitted due to geographic clustering and repeated observations of individuals. The prevalence of underweight decreased over time from 1991 but has tended to rise again since 2004, while the prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise between 1991 and 2015. Improved individual factors, socioeconomic status, and community urbanization reduced the risk of underweight but elevated the risk of overweight and obesity. The medium levels, rather than the highest levels, of household income and community urbanization are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. The notable increase in underweight prevalence is a cause for concern to be addressed along with efforts to curb the rising tide of overweight. In order to enhance the nutritional status of women of reproductive age, it is essential to improving the community environment, levels of education, and living environment from a wider context. Long-term and targeted plans are urgently needed for nutrition improvements among the different populations.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes
Authors: Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Ho Dang Khanh Ngan , Lundy David J. , Skalny Anatoly V. , Tinkov Alexey A. , Teng I-Chun , Wu Meng-Chieh , Faradina Amelia , Mohammed Afrah Zaki Mahdi , Park Ji Min , Ngu Yi Jing , Aliné Sabrina , Shofia Naila Maya , Chang Jung-Su
Published: October 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 disease (COVID)-19 is having profound effects on the global economy and food trade. Limited data are available on how this pandemic is affecting our dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors at the global level. Google Trends was used to obtain worldwide relative search volumes (RSVs) covering a timeframe from before the COVID-19 pandemic 1 June 2019 to 27 April 2020. Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure relationships between daily confirmed cases and aforementioned RSVs between 31 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. RSV curves showed increased interest in multiple keywords related to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown period in March and April 2020. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each keyword category were (1) food security (food shortage: r = 0.749, food bank: r = 0.660, and free food: r = 0.555; all p < 0.001), (2) dietary behaviors (delivery: r = 0.780, restaurant: r = −0.731, take-away: r = 0.731, and food-delivery: r = 0.693; all p < 0.001), (3) outdoor-related behaviors (resort: r = −0.922, hotel: r = −0.913, cinema: r = −0.844, park: r = −0.827, fitness: r = −0.817, gym: r = −0.811; plant: r = 0.749, sunbathing: r = 0.668, and online: r = 0.670; all p < 0.001), and (4) immune-related nutrients/herbs/foods (vitamin C: r = 0.802, vitamin A: r = 0.780, zinc: r = 0.781, immune: r = 0.739, vitamin E: r = 0.707, garlic: r = 0.667, omega-3 fatty acid: r = −0.633, vitamin D: r = 0.549, and turmeric: r = 0.545; all p < 0.001). Restricted movement has affected peoples’ dietary and lifestyle behaviors as people tend to search for immune-boosting nutrients/herbs and have replaced outdoor activities with sedentary indoor behaviors.
Effects of Physical Rehabilitation and Nutritional Intake Management on Improvement in Tongue Strength in Sarcopenic Patients
Authors: Nagano Ayano , Maeda Keisuke , Koike Masaki , Murotani Kenta , Ueshima Junko , Shimizu Akio , Inoue Tatsuro , Sato Keisuke , Suenaga Masaki , Ishida Yuria , Mori Naoharu
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to investigate the impact of physical intervention and the amount of nutritional intake on the increase in tongue strength and swallowing function in older adults with sarcopenia. From November 2018 and May 2019, older patients with sarcopenia who were admitted for rehabilitation were analyzed. The intervention employed in the study was the usual physical and occupational therapy for two months. Tongue strength was measured before and after two months of treatment. Data on tongue strength, the amount of energy and protein intake, intervention time, and swallowing function were examined. A total of 95 sarcopenic older patients were included (mean age 83.4 ± 6.5 years). The mean tongue strength after the intervention was significantly increased from 25.4 ± 8.9 kPa to 30.5 ± 7.6 kPa as a result of the treatment (p < 0.001). After adjusting the confounding factors in the multivariable models, an energy intake of ≥30 kcal/kg/day and a protein intake of ≥1.2 g/kg/day based on the ideal body weight had a significant impact on the increase in tongue strength after the treatment (p = 0.011 and p = 0.020, respectively). Swallowing function assessed using the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability was significantly increased after the treatment (mean difference between pairs: 1.12 [0.53–1.70]; p < 0.001). Physical intervention and strict nutritional management for older inpatients with sarcopenia could be effective to improve tongue strength and swallowing function.
Supplementation with Red Wine Extract Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Sirt1 Expression in Nondiabetic Humans
Authors: Kitada Munehiro , Ogura Yoshio , Monno Itaru , Koya Daisuke
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a nonalcoholic red wine extract (RWE), including resveratrol and polyphenols, on insulin sensitivity and Sirt1 expression in nondiabetic humans. The present study was a single-arm, open-label and prospective study. Twelve subjects received supplementation with RWE, including 19.2 mg resveratrol and 136 mg polyphenols, daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolic parameters, including glucose/lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers, were evaluated. mRNA expression of Sirt1 was evaluated in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). Additionally, Sirt1 and phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK) expression were evaluated in cultured human monocytes (THP-1 cells). Supplementation with RWE for 8 weeks decreased the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which indicates an increase in insulin sensitivity. Serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased by RWE supplementation for 8 weeks. Additionally, Sirt1 mRNA expression in isolated PBMNCs was significantly increased after 8 weeks of RWE supplementation. Moreover, the rate of increase in Sirt1 expression was positively correlated with the rate of change in HOMA-IR. The administration of RWE increased Sirt1 and p-AMPK expression in cultured THP-1 cells. Supplementation with RWE improved metabolism, such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation, in humans. Additionally, RWE supplementation induced an increase in Sirt1 expression in PBMNCs, which may be associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity.
Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Impact Resting Metabolic Rate, Body Composition and Strength in Vitamin D Sufficient Physically Active Adults
Authors: Montenegro Karina Romeu , Cruzat Vinicius , Melder Hilton , Jacques Angela , Newsholme Philip , Ducker Kagan J.
Published: October 2020

Supplementation with the most efficient form of Vitamin D (VitD3) results in improvements in energy metabolism, muscle mass and strength in VitD deficient individuals. Whether similar outcomes occur in VitD sufficient individuals’ remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of VitD3 supplementation on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and strength in VitD sufficient physically active young adults. Participants completed pre-supplementation testing before being matched for sunlight exposure and randomly allocated in a counterbalanced manner to the VitD3 or placebo group. Following 12 weeks of 50 IU/kg body-mass VitD3 supplementation, participants repeated the pre-supplementation testing. Thirty-one adults completed the study (19 females and 12 males; mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 26.6 ± 4.9 years; BMI = 24.2 ± 4.1 kg·m2). The VitD group increased serum total 25(OH)D by 30 nmol/L while the placebo group decreased total serum concentration by 21 nmol/L, reaching 123 (51) and 53 (42.2) nmol/L, respectively. There were no significant changes in muscle strength or power, resting metabolic rate and body composition over the 12-week period. Physically active young adults that are VitD sufficient have demonstrated that no additional physiological effects of achieving supraphysiological serum total 25(OH)D concentrations after VitD3 supplementation.
Application of Citicoline in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jasielski Patryk , Piędel Faustyna , Piwek Mikołaj , Rocka Agata , Petit Véronique , Rejdak Konrad
Published: October 2020

Citicoline is a chemical compound involved in the synthesis of cell membranes. It also has other, not yet explained functions. Research on the use of citicoline is conducted in neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry. Citicoline is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is often used to enhance cognitive functions. In our article, accessible databases were searched for articles regarding citicoline use in neurological diseases. This article has a systemic review form. After rejecting non-eligible reports, 47 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that citicoline has been proven to be a useful compound in preventing dementia progression. It also enhances cognitive functions among healthy individuals and improves prognosis after stroke. In an animal model of nerve damage and neuropathy, citicoline stimulated regeneration and lessened pain. Among patients who underwent brain trauma, citicoline has an unclear clinical effect. Citicoline has a wide range of effects and could be an essential substance in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Its positive impact on learning and cognitive functions among the healthy population is also worth noting.
Effect of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFA) Supplementation on Cognition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review with a Focus on n-3 LCPUFA Blood Values and Dose of DHA and EPA
Authors: van der Wurff Inge S.M. , Meyer Barbara J. , de Groot Renate H.M.
Published: October 2020

Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in the cardiovascular field is effective if a certain Omega-3 index (O3I) is achieved or the daily n-3 LCPUFA dose is high enough. Whether this applies to studies on cognition in children and adolescents is unclear. The aims of the current review were to investigate whether: (1) a certain O3I level and (2) a minimum daily n-3 LCPUFA dose are required to improve cognition in 4–25 year olds. Web of Science and PubMed were searched. Inclusion criteria: placebo controlled randomized controlled trial; participants 4–25 years; supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); assessing cognition; in English and ≥10 participants per treatment arm. Thirty-three studies were included, 21 in typically developing participants, 12 in those with a disorder. A positive effect on cognitive measures was more likely in studies with an increase in O3I to >6%. Half of the studies in typically developing children with daily supplementation dose ≥450 mg DHA + EPA showed improved cognition. For children with a disorder no cut-off value was found. In conclusion, daily supplementation of ≥450 mg DHA + EPA per day and an increase in the O3I to >6% makes it more likely to show efficacy on cognition in children and adolescents.
Genomics in Personalized Nutrition: Can You “Eat for Your Genes”?
Authors: Mullins Veronica A. , Bresette William , Johnstone Laurel , Hallmark Brian , Chilton Floyd H.
Published: October 2020

Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data are now quickly and inexpensively acquired, raising the prospect of creating personalized dietary recommendations based on an individual’s genetic variability at multiple SNPs. However, relatively little is known about most specific gene–diet interactions, and many molecular and clinical phenotypes of interest (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) involve multiple genes. In this review, we discuss direct to consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) and the current potential for precision nutrition based on an individual’s genetic data. We review important issues such as dietary exposure and genetic architecture addressing the concepts of penetrance, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenicity, and epigenetics. More specifically, we discuss how they complicate using genotypic data to predict phenotypes as well as response to dietary interventions. Then, several examples (including caffeine sensitivity, alcohol dependence, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity/appetite, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s disease, folate metabolism, long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, and vitamin D metabolism) are provided illustrating how genotypic information could be used to inform nutritional recommendations. We conclude by examining ethical considerations and practical applications for using genetic information to inform dietary choices and the future role genetics may play in adopting changes beyond population-wide healthy eating guidelines.
Choline Intake as Supplement or as a Component of Eggs Increases Plasma Choline and Reduces Interleukin-6 without Modifying Plasma Cholesterol in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: DiBella Marissa , Thomas Minu S. , Alyousef Hana , Millar Courtney , Blesso Christopher , Malysheva Olga , Caudill Marie A. , Fernandez Maria Luz
Published: October 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of heart disease. Eggs have numerous nutrients including choline, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins that may protect against these conditions. Egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major contributor of dietary choline in the American diet. However, uncertainty remains regarding eggs due to their high concentration of cholesterol. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two sources of choline, whole eggs (a source of PC) and a choline supplement (choline bitartrate, CB), on plasma lipids, glucose, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers. We recruited 23 subjects with MetS to participate in this randomized cross-over intervention. After a 2-week washout, with no choline intake, participants were randomly allocated to consume three eggs/day or CB (~400 mg choline/d for both) for 4 weeks. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records indicated higher concentrations of vitamin E and selenium during the egg period (p < 0.01). Interestingly, there were no changes in plasma total, low density lipoprotein (LDL)- or high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose, compared either to baseline or between treatments. In contrast, interleukin-6 was reduced, with both sources of choline compared to baseline, while eggs also had an effect on lowering C-reactive protein, insulin, and insulin resistance compared to baseline. This study demonstrates that in a MetS population, intake of three eggs per day does not increase plasma LDL cholesterol, and has additional benefits on biomarkers of disease compared to a choline supplement, possibly due to the presence of other antioxidants in eggs.
Leukocyte Activation and Antioxidative Defense Are Interrelated and Moderately Modified by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Eggs Consumption—Double-Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Mihalj Martina , Stupin Ana , Kolobarić Nikolina , Tartaro Bujak Ivana , Matić Anita , Kralik Zlata , Jukić Ivana , Stupin Marko , Drenjančević Ines
Published: October 2020

This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, interventional study investigated the effects of low/intermediate doses of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the endothelial function, markers of leukocyte activation, and oxidative status following dietary intake of n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs in young healthy individuals. Twenty young healthy adults of both sexes who consumed n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs (two eggs per day, for three weeks, total of approximately 407 mg/day n-3 PUFAs) or regular eggs (two eggs per day for three weeks, total of approximately 75 mg/day n-3 PUFAs) participated in this study. Skin microvascular endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent vasodilation were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Serum lipid profile and content of free fatty acids, markers of leukocyte activation, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, as well as antioxidative enzymes serum activity were measured before and after respective dietary protocol. The results of this study revealed significant differences in the markers of leukocyte activation (such as CD11a/LFA-1) and antioxidative defense, which are related to increased intake of n-3 PUFAs, providing the evidence that consumption of nutritionally enriched hen eggs may affect physiological processes related to oxidative balance. The absence of significant changes in microvascular reactivity following supplementation with a low-intermediate dose of n-3 PUFAs, unlike in our previous studies where functional eggs contained ~1 g of n-3 PUFA, suggests the existence of a dose-dependent effect.
Adherence to Dietary Recommendations, Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Diet Quality among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Results from the GreeCF Study
Authors: Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Devetzi Panagiota , Petrocheilou Argyri , Kaditis Athanasios G. , Papamitsou Theodora , Doudounakis Stavros E. , Vassilakou Tonia
Published: October 2020

Nutrition is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, with a high-fat diet being the cornerstone of treatment. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations for CF appears suboptimal and burdensome for most children and adolescents with CF, leading to malnutrition, inadequate growth, compromised lung function and increased risk for respiratory infections. A cross-sectional approach was deployed to examine the degree of adherence to the nutrition recommendations and diet quality among children with CF. A total of 76 children were recruited from Aghia Sophia’s Children Hospital, in Athens, Greece. In their majority, participants attained their ideal body weight, met the recommendations for energy and fat intake, exceeding the goal for saturated fatty acids consumption. Carbohydrate and fiber intake were suboptimal and most participants exhibited low or mediocre adherence to the Mediterranean diet prototype. It appears that despite the optimal adherence to the energy and fat recommendations, there is still room for improvement concerning diet quality and fiber intake.
Effect of a Short-Time Probiotic Supplementation on the Abundance of the Main Constituents of the Gut Microbiota of Term Newborns Delivered by Cesarean Section—A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hurkala Joanna , Lauterbach Ryszard , Radziszewska Renata , Strus Magdalena , Heczko Piotr
Published: October 2020

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of human health. Numerous factors, including the mode of delivery, impact early gut colonization in newborns. Recent research focuses on the use of probiotics in the prevention of gut dysbiosis in newborns delivered by cesarean section (CS). The objective of this study was to determine whether a probiotic supplement given to newborns delivered by CS during their stay in the maternity ward alters the pattern of early gut colonization by lactic acid bacteria versus potential pathogens. A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. In total, 150 newborns, born at 38–40 weeks gestational age and delivered by CS, were included in the study. They were randomized into the intervention group, supplemented orally with a probiotic containing Bifidobacterium breve PB04 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL53A, and the control group. Stool samples were obtained on days 5 and 6 of life and after one month of life and were analyzed for the presence and abundance of the main groups of bacteria. An application of two probiotic bacteria during the first days of life after CS resulted in quick and abundant colonization by days 5 and 6, with high populations of L. rhamnosus and B. breve. The applied bacterial strains were present in the majority of neonates one month after. The supplementation of term neonates delivered by cesarean section immediately after birth with a mixture of L. rhamnosus and B. breve enriched the gut microbiota composition with lactic acid bacteria.
Srebf2 Locus Overexpression Reduces Body Weight, Total Cholesterol and Glucose Levels in Mice Fed with Two Different Diets
Authors: Andrés-Blasco Irene , Blesa Sebastian , Vinué Ángela , González-Navarro Herminia , Real José Tomás , Martínez-Hervás Sergio , Carretero Julián , Ferrández-Izquierdo Antonio , Chaves Felipe Javier , García-García Ana-Bárbara
Published: October 2020

Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (Srebf2) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the impact of increased Srebf2 locus expression and the effects of control and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolisms in transgenic mice (S-mice). Wild type (WT) and S-mice were fed with both diets for 16 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed (n = 25). Immunostainings were performed in liver, pancreas and fat (N = 10). Expression of Ldlr and Hmgcr in liver was performed by RT-PCR (N = 8). Control diet: S-mice showed reduced weight, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). HFHS diet widened differences in weight, total and HDL cholesterol, insulin and HOMA index but increased TG in S-mice. In S-mice, adipocyte size was lower while HFHS diet produced lower increase, pancreatic β-cell mass was lower with both diets and Srebf2, Ldlr and Hmgcr mRNA levels were higher while HFHS diet produced a rise in Srebf2 and Hmgcr levels. Srebf2 complete gene overexpression seems to have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and to protect against HFHS diet effects.