bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tale of two MOOCs: How student motivation and participation predict learning outcomes in different MOOCs
Authors: Brooker Abi , Corrin Linda , De Barba Paula , Lodge Jason , Kennedy Gregor
Published: July 2017

Recent scholarly discussions about massive open online courses (MOOCs) highlight pedagogical and practical issues that separate MOOCs from other learning settings, especially how theories of learning translate to MOOC students’ motivation, participation, and performance. What is missing from these discussions is the purpose of the MOOC. We report a comparative study of two MOOCs that differ in educational purpose, but are similar in design. Our sample consisted of 983 students in a professional development MOOC, and 648 students in a MOOC focused on general interest. We first report differences between the two MOOCs, in terms of student demographics, achievement motivation, and participation. For each MOOC, we ran a two-stage regression analysis to determine the extent to which motivation variables (stage 1) and participation variables (stage 2) predicted performance. Patterns in demographic background and motivation differed in ways that were consistent with the MOOCs' purposes. Motivation and participation predicted performance, but this relationship differed between the two MOOCs and reflected the patterns of participation. Professional development motivation contributed to final grade in the professional development MOOC, but not the general interest MOOC. The findings have implications for how MOOC designers think about their target audience, and for students who aim for high final grades.
The importance of biochemical and genetic findings in the diagnosis of atypical Norrie disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Ana , García-García Gema , Menor Francisco , Millán José M. , Tomás-Vila Miguel , Jaijo Teresa
Published: July 2017

Background:

Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by bilateral congenital blindness. ND is caused by a mutation in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene, which encodes a 133-amino acid protein called norrin. Intragenic deletions including NDP and adjacent genes have been identified in ND patients with a more severe neurologic phenotype. We report the biochemical, molecular, clinical and radiological features of two unrelated affected males with a deletion including NDP and MAO genes.

Methods:

Biochemical and genetic analyses were performed to understand the atypical phenotype and radiological findings. Biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The coding exons of NDP gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and chromosomal microarray were carried out on both affected males. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed on the two patients.

Results:

In one patient, the serotonin and catecholamine metabolite levels in CSF were virtually undetectable. In both patients, genetic studies revealed microdeletions in the Xp11.3 region, involving the NDP, MAOA and MAOB genes. Radiological examination demonstrated brain and cerebellar atrophy.

Conclusions:

We suggest that alterations caused by MAO deficit may remain during the first years of life. Clinical phenotype, biochemical findings and neuroimaging can guide the genetic study in patients with atypical ND and help us to a better understanding of this disease.
Poly(imide-siloxane)s based on hyperbranched polyimides
Authors: Sysel Petr , Patrova Anna , Lanc Marek , Friess Karel
Published: July 2017

Poly(imide-siloxane)s differing in their composition were prepared and characterized. The starting polymer (control) was the hyperbranched polyimide based on 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′,4″-triaminotriphenylmethane. In the poly(imide-siloxane)s, 10 or 40–50 mol% of the 4,4′,4″-triaminotriphenylmethane was theoretically substituted for by amine-terminated siloxane dimer or oligomers. 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with a theoretical number-average molar mass of 1000 g·mol−1 and bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with a theoretical number-average molar mass of 2500 g·mol−1 were used for this purpose. The thermo-mechanical properties and gas separation characteristics for hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane of these polymeric products were shown to be dependent on their composition.
Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Chao Julie , Li Pengfei , Chao Lee
Published: July 2017

Kallistatin, via its two structural elements – an active site and a heparin-binding domain – displays a double-edged function in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, kallistatin has both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic effects. Kallistatin treatment attenuates angiogenesis and tumor growth in cancer-bearing mice. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits angiogenesis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced growth, migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Conversely, kallistatin via the active site promotes neovascularization by stimulating VEGF levels in endothelial progenitor cells. Second, kallistatin inhibits or induces apoptosis depending on cell types. Kallistatin attenuates organ injury and apoptosis in animal models, and its heparin-binding site is essential for blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, kallistatin via its active site induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by up-regulating miR-34a and down-regulating miR-21 and miR-203 synthesis. Third, kallistatin can act as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Kallistatin treatment inhibits oxidative stress and tissue damage in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin via the heparin-binding domain antagonizes TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, whereas its active site is crucial for stimulating antioxidant enzyme expression. In contrast, kallistatin provokes oxidant formation, leading to blood pressure reduction and bacterial killing. Kallistatin-mediated vasodilation is partly mediated by H2O2, as the effect is abolished by the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Moreover, kallistatin exerts a bactericidal effect by stimulating superoxide production in neutrophils of mice with microbial infection as well as in cultured immune cells. Thus, kallistatin’s dual roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to its beneficial effects in various diseases.
Prevention of renal ischemia/perfusion-induced renal and hepatic injury in adult male Albino rats by oxytocin: role of nitric oxide
Authors: Ragy Merhan Mamdouh , Aziz Neven Makram
Published: July 2017

Background:

Oxytocin (OT) has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in the different inflammatory models. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective function of OT in renal and hepatic damages triggered by renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in rats. Moreover, the effect of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was investigated on the kidney and liver functions in renal IR model.

Methods:

Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (six rats each) as follows: (1) Sham-operated group; (2) Renal IR group; (3) Renal IR+OT group; (4) Renal IR+OT+l-NAME. OT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min prior to the induced ischemia and was repeated immediately before the reperfusion period. l-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was given 45 min before IR injury.

Results:

The results revealed that OT significantly attenuated the IR-induced elevations in the serum urea, creatinine, liver transaminases, and TNF-α levels, while nitric oxide (NO) and Bcl-2 levels were significantly increased compared with the IR group. OT also significantly compensated the decrease in the total antioxidant capacities (TAC) and lowered the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that were observed with renal IR in the renal and hepatic tissues.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, OT ameliorates renal and hepatic damages triggered by renal IR, and this defense involves the suppression of inflammation and apoptosis with regulation of oxidant-antioxidant status. In addition, administration of l-NAME prior to OT partially reversed the protective effect of OT ensuring that one of the protective effects of OT was through the NO production.
Pregnancy outcomes among patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and uterine anatomic abnormalities
Authors: Gabbai Daniel , Harlev Avi , Friger Michael , Steiner Naama , Sergienko Ruslan , Kreinin Andrey , Bashiri Asher
Published: July 2017

Background:

Different etiologies for recurrent pregnancy loss have been identified, among them are: anatomical, endocrine, genetic, chromosomal and thrombophilia pathologies.

Aims:

To assess medical and obstetric characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes, among women with uterine abnormalities and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This study also aims to assess the impact of uterine anatomic surgical correction on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective case control study of 313 patients with two or more consecutive pregnancy losses followed by a subsequent (index) pregnancy. Anatomic abnormalities were detected in 80 patients. All patients were evaluated and treated in the RPL clinic at Soroka University Medical Center. Out of 80 patients with uterine anatomic abnormalities, 19 underwent surgical correction, 32 did not and 29 had no clear record of surgical intervention, and thus were excluded from this study.

Results:

Women with anatomic abnormalities had a higher rate of previous cesarean section (18.8% vs. 8.6%, P=0.022), tended to have a lower number of previous live births (1.05 vs. 1.37, P=0.07), and a higher rate of preterm delivery (22.9% vs. 10%, P=0.037). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, anatomic abnormality was identified as an independent risk factor for RPL in patients with previous cesarean section after controlling for place of residence, positive genetic/autoimmune/endocrine workup, and fertility problems (OR 7.22; 95% CI 1.17–44.54, P=0.03). Women suffering from anatomic abnormalities tended to have a higher rate of pregnancy loss compared to those without anatomic abnormalities (40% vs. 30.9%, P=0.2). The difference in pregnancy loss rate among women who underwent surgical correction compared to those who did not was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

In patients with previous cesarean section, uterine abnormality is an independent risk factor for pregnancy loss. Surgical correction of uterine abnormalities among RPL patients might have the potential to improve live birth rate.
Analysis of chemical warfare agents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods for their direct detection and derivatization approaches for the analysis of their degradation products
Authors: Valdez Carlos A. , Leif Roald N. , Hok Saphon , Hart Bradley R.
Published: July 2017

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are unarguably one of the most feared toxic substances produced by mankind. Their inception in conventional warfare can be traced as far back as the Middle Ages but their full breakthrough as central players in bellic conflicts was not realized until World War I. Since then, more modern CWAs along with efficient methods for their manufacture have emerged and violently shaped the way modern warfare and diplomatic relations are conducted. Owing to their mass destruction ability, counter methods to mitigate their impact appeared almost immediately on par with their development. These efforts have focused on their efficient destruction, development of medical countermeasures and their detection by modern analytical chemistry methods. The following review seeks to provide the reader with a broad introduction on their direct detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the various sample derivatization methods available for the analysis of their degradation products. The review concentrates on three of the main CWA classes and includes the nerve agents, the blistering agents and lastly, the incapacitating agents. Each section begins with a brief introduction of the CWA along with discussions of reports dealing with their detection in the intact form by GC-MS. Furthermore, as products arising from their degradation carry as much importance as the agents themselves in the field of forensic analysis, the available derivatization methods of these species are presented for each CWA highlighting some examples from our lab in the Forensic Science Center at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Asymmetric exchange rate exposure of stock returns: empirical evidence from Chinese industries
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Tang Bo
Published: July 2017

This study explores the asymmetric exchange rate exposure of stock returns building upon the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) framework, using monthly returns of Chinese industry indices. We are interested in estimating long run and short run relationships as well as asymmetric effects. In order to do so, we estimate nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags models to (1) obtain the long run or cointegrated effects and dynamics, (2) be able to mix I(1) and I(0) variables and (3) to split the effect of positive and negative changes in the variables, i.e. asymmetries. In accordance with the existing literature, industry returns are subject to lagged exposure effects, but the asymmetries vary across industries, which could be due to the discrepancies in, amongst others, trade balance and ownership of certain industries. Furthermore, the dynamic multipliers depict that industry returns quickly respond to changes in the exchange rate and correct the disequilibrium within a short time, making the long run exposure to be symmetric or very small. The remaining shocks are mainly explained by the return of market portfolios. This implies that the ongoing restrictions on the RMB daily trading band do indeed protect the Chinese stock market against the effects of currency movements.
Heavy Barbell Hip Thrusts Do Not Effect Sprint Performance: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Jarvis Paul , Cassone Natasha , Turner Anthony , Chavda Shyam , Edwards Mike , Bishop Chris
Published: July 2017

Jarvis, P, Cassone, N, Turner, A, Chavda, S, Edwards, M, and Bishop, C. Heavy barbell hip thrusts do not effect sprint performance: an 8-week randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S78–S84, 2019—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week barbell hip thrust strength training program on sprint performance. Twenty-one collegiate athletes (15 males and 6 females) were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 11, age 27.36 ± 3.17 years, height 169.55 ± 10.38 cm, mass 72.7 ± 18 kg) or control group (n = 10, age 27.2 ± 3.36 years, height 176.2 ± 7.94 cm, mass 76.39 ± 11.47 kg). One repetition maximum hip thrust, 40-m sprint time, and individual 10-m split timings: 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 m were the measured variables; these recorded at both the baseline and posttesting time points. After the 8-week hip thrust strength training intervention, significantly greater 1 repetition maximum (1RM) hip thrust scores for the training group were observed (p < 0.001, d = 0.77 [mean difference 44.09 kg]); however, this failed to translate into changes in sprint time for any of the measured distances (all sprint performance measures: p > 0.05, r = 0.05–0.37). No significant differences were seen for the control group for 1RM hip thrust (p = 0.106, d = 0.24 [mean difference 9.4 kg]) or sprint time (all sprint performance measures: p > 0.05, r = 0.13–0.47). These findings suggest that increasing maximum hip thrust strength through the use of the barbell hip thrust does not seem to transfer into improvements in sprint performance in collegiate level athletes.
The Effect of Unicycle Riding Course on Trunk Strength and Trunk Stability Functions in Children
Authors: Kocjan Andrej , Sarabon Nejc
Published: July 2017

Kocjan, A and Sarabon, N. The effect of unicycle riding course on trunk strength and trunk stability functions in children. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3560–3568, 2020—The aim of the study was to assess the effect of unicycling on trunk strength and timing of automatic stability actions of the selected trunk muscles (multifidus, obliquus externus, and erector spine). Twenty healthy 12-year-old children (12 boys, 8 girls; age 12.1 ± 0.2 years; body height 1.57 ± 0.05 m; body mass 52.8 ± 10.6 kg) were assigned to experimental and control group. Experimental group performed a supervised 12-session course of unicycling. Trunk strength was measured with a multipurpose diagnostic machine in frontal and sagittal planes in standing position. Trunk reflex responses and anticipatory actions were assessed through unexpected loading over the hands and rapid shoulder flexion, respectively. After the intervention, strength increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the experimental group in all analyzed positions. A significant interaction effect was observed during trunk extension (p < 0.01) and lateral flexion exertions (p < 0.03). Postural reflex latency improved significantly (p < 0.001) in the experimental group with a significant interaction effect in all analyzed muscles (p < 0.001). Anticipatory postural adaptations improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in multifidus and obliquus externus of the experimental group only. Unicycling proved to be an effective and funny tool to develop proximal stability and strength, which prevents low back pain and improves the efficiency of energy transfer between body segments. To improve the efficiency of physical education classes, unicycling should be considered a useful tool to increase trunk strength and stability among prepubertal children.
The Australian Military Justice System
Authors: Denton David
Published: July 2017

To understand the Australian military and its justice system requires a knowledge of its development since 1788. The essence of this article is to briefly examine the historical development of the legal basis of each stage of Australian naval and military discipline, from colonial times until the current period. As will be seen the ‘chain of command’ is considered crucial to the military justice system as an incidence of the management and functioning of the military. Specifically, this article addresses the following points: the historical development of military justice, the structure of the Australian Defence Force, the chain of command; and the constitutional exceptionalism of military justice.
Claudin-8d is a cortisol-responsive barrier protein in the gill epithelium of trout
Authors: Kolosov Dennis , Kelly Scott P
Published: July 2017

The influence of claudin (Cldn) 8 tight junction (TJ) proteins on cortisol-mediated alterations in gill epithelium permeability was examined using a primary cultured trout gill epithelium model. Genes encoding three Cldn-8 proteins (cldn-8b, -8cand-8d) have been identified in trout and all are expressed in the model gill epithelium. Cortisol treatment ‘tightened’ the gill epithelium, as indicated by increased transepithelial resistance (TER) and reduced paracellular [3H]polyethylene glycol (MW 400 Da; PEG-400) flux. This occurred in association with elevatedcldn-8dmRNA abundance, but no alterations incldn-8band-8cmRNA abundance were observed. Transcriptional knockdown (KD) ofcldn-8dinhibited a cortisol-induced increase in Cldn-8d abundance and reduced the ‘epithelium tightening’ effect of cortisol in association with increased paracellular PEG-400 flux. Under simulatedin vivoconditions (i.e. apical freshwater),cldn-8dKD hindered a cortisol-mediated reduction in basolateral to apical Na+and Cl−flux (i.e. reduced the ability of cortisol to mitigate ion loss). However,cldn-8dKD did not abolish the tightening effect of cortisol on the gill epithelium. This is likely due, in part, to the effect of cortisol on genes encoding other TJ proteins, which in some cases appeared to exhibit a compensatory response. Data support the idea that Cldn-8d is a barrier protein of the gill epithelium TJ that contributes significantly to corticosteroid-mediated alterations in gill epithelium permeability.
El paradigma de inclusión y su pertinente asimilación en el entorno económico colombiano: una visión desde la neuroeconomía
Authors: Mojica Castro Luis Armando
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo inicia con una de las teorías sobre las diferentes perspectivas que sustentan la toma de las decisiones sociales, asimiladas desde la racionalidad de la economía neoclásica frente a los fundamentos de la emoción y los procesos no conscientes que incluye la neuroeconomía; específicamente, factores como la vulnerabilidad profundizarán los cuestionamientos sobre los fundamentos de dichas decisiones. Enseguida se abonarán esos factores con la perspectiva de la experiencia, como aprendizaje ya no solo linealmente, sino más bien como redes neuronales o culturales, con lo que se visualiza un aprendizaje metacognitivo que posibilita la concientización de la asimilación
de la vulnerabilidad social, observada desde los paradigmas discriminadores hacia los asimiladores, lo cual generará una dialéctica entre los procesos integrativos versus los inclusivos en los entornos socioeconómicos. De allí en adelante, se profundizará dentro del contexto productivo con las características particulares de la industrialización que la predispusieron para la asimilación cultural de la vulnerabilidad como carga social, ya sea de manera estructurada o sistémica. Al final, se generarán unas breves conclusiones a manera de reflexiones de cierre.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP KINERJA SUB SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA: SUATU PENDEKATAN EKONOMETRIKA
Authors: Asnawi Asnawi
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan makroekonomi terhadap kinerja sub sektor perikanan. Model ekonometrika yang dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan yang memasukan variabel kebijakan makroekonomi. Analisis dampak dibedakan dalam 3 (tiga) periode, yaitu sebelum krisis ekonomi periode 1993-1996, pada krisis ekonomi periode 1997-2000 dan pada peramalan periode 2003-2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan makroekonomi: (1) depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah, (2) peningkatan kredit di sub sektor perikanan, (3) peningkatan investasi di sub sektor perikanan, (4) kombinasi penurunan tingkat suku bunga dan peningkatan kredit di sub sektor perikanan, dan (5) kombinasi kebijakan 1, 3 dan 4 pada peramalan periode 2003-2007 dapat meningkatkan kinerja sub sektor perikanan (produksi, konsumsi dan ekspor perikanan meningkat). Depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah, peningkatan kredit atau investasi di sub sektor perikanan (kebijakan tunggal) dapat meningkatkan kinerja sub sektor perikanan. Kinerja sub sektor perikanan akan meningkat lebih tinggi apabila dilakukan kombinasi kebijakan yang dapat menurunkan tingkat suku bunga, peningkatan kredit dan investasi di sub sektor perikanan pada kondisi depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah. Tittle:  Impacts of Macroeconomic Policy on The Performance of Fisheries Sector in Indonesia: An Econometrics ApproachThis research was intended to analyze the impact of macroeconomic policy on the performance of the fisheries sector. The Econometric model was built in terms of simultaneous equations system, which include macroeconomic policy variables. The impact analysis was elaborated into three periods, i.e. the period before the economic crisis (1993-1996), the period of economic crisis (1997-2000), and the forecasting period (2003-2007). The results of the macroeconomic policies of: (1) depreciation in exchange rate of rupiah, (2) the increasing of credit in fisheries sector, (3) the increasing of investment in fisheries sector, (4) the combination of the decreasing of interest rate and the increasing of credit in fisheries sector, and (5) the policy combination 1, 3 and 4 for the forecasting period 2003-2007 could increase the performance of fisheries sector in terms of production, consumption and fisheries export. The depreciation in exchange rate of rupiah, the increasing of credit or investment in fisheries sector (single policy) could increase the performance of fisheries sector. The performance of fisheries sector will be keep increasing by combining policies of: decreasing of interest rate, increasing of credit in fisheries sector and increasing of investment in fisheries sector at condition depreciations in exchange rate of rupiah.
O papel da Fisioterapia nas escolas e na sala de atendimento educacional especializado (AEE): uma revisão não sistemátic
Authors: Pinheiro Martha De Oliveira , Mélo Tainá Ribas
Published: July 2017

Por muito tempo os deficientes físicos foram mantidos excluídos da sociedade, porém nos últimos anos esta situação vem se modificando e se discutindo a inclusão dessas crianças e adolescentes na comunidade. Esse estudo buscou discutir a atuação do profissional fisioterapeuta no ambiente escolar e na sala de atendimento educacional especializado (AEE), verificando na literatura os meios de atuação do profissional fisioterapeuta. Essa pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão não sistemática de bases de dados indexadas e google acadêmico. As maiorias dos estudos selecionados relacionavam a atuação do fisioterapeuta em relação a aspectos de mobiliário / adaptação ambiente físico, minimização de barreiras arquitetônicas. Alguns relatam a ação do fisioterapeuta na escola com relação à identificação do Desenvolvimento Neuropsicomotor (DNPM), assim como no esclarecimento de dúvidas pertinentes a esse DNPM e outros abordam sobre a importância da troca de experiências entre o fisioterapeuta e os professores, a cerca de educação em saúde, sobre como agir com os alunos. Por meio deste estudo evidencia-se a importância do profissional fisioterapeuta atuando interdisciplinarmente com outros profissionais, no ambiente educacional, como também na atenção primária, o qual se preconiza a prevenção.
O efeito do desoxicolato de sódio no tratamento da gordura localizada: estudo de revisão
Authors: Geremia Karen , Fontanive Tiago , Mascarenhas Marcello
Published: July 2017

A gordura localizada se caracteriza pela hipertrofia dos adipócitos e está entre as principais queixas na área estética. Nesse sentido, existe um constante desenvolvimento de métodos minimamente invasivos como as infiltrações subcutâneas, que têm intuito de provocar a lipólise das células adiposas. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a açãododesoxicolato de sódio no tratamento da gordura localizada.Para isso, executamosumarevisãobibliográficaque se deu nas bases de indexação PubMed, Scielo, Bireme e LILACS utilizando como descritores:infiltrações subcutâneas,mesoterapia,tratamento minimamente invasivo, gordura localizada e desoxicolato de sódio. Dessa forma foram separados artigos que abordaram o tema em questão, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanholaentre os anos de 2004 a 2015.Identificamoscom base naliteraturaque o desoxicolato de sódio demonstra uma melhoria em vários perfis de pacientes por destruir os adipócitos e causar uma retração na pele. Foram descritoslipídeoslivres, provavelmenteoriginados da lise dos adipócitos, o que não comprometeu a função hepática. Portanto, os estudos pesquisados demonstraram que o desoxicolato de sódio apresenta uma eficácia no tratamento da gordura localizada, porém existe a necessidade de maisestudos referentes a dosagem, além de uma metodologiaadequadaparaa confirmação dos benefícios das infiltraçõessubcutâneascomo ferramentaútil no tratamento da gorduralocalizada.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SHOCK SPECTRUM RESPONSE OF ROLLING STOCK
Authors: A. V. Tretiakov  , O. A. Tretiakov  , M. V. Zimakova  , A. A. Petrov
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The article is aimed to analyze the increase in the effectiveness of traditional methods for carrying out shock tests of land vehicles, in order to assess their strength, reliability and durability. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the authors of the article developed a technique for conducting impact tests and effective algorithm based on the ideas and methodological proposals contained in the UN Guidelines on the “Recommendations for Transportations of Dangerous Goods”. Findings. With the use of the modern programming language SI-Sharp, a specialized software package was created that implements the algorithm for handling shock processes, which has a "friendly" interface with the user of this complex and other software products of the computing environment powered by Windows. With the application of this complex, the results of tests of the tank-container of the model CTL-26/0.4, type UN T14 under different shock loading (collision rates), geometric, inertial and damping parameters of this design were processed. As a result, an objective evaluation of the properties of the tested object was obtained, and a conclusion was made that the calculated shock response spectrum (SRS) was exceeded, its minimum permissible value in the entire spectrum of the investigated frequencies. Originality. For the first time, a complex theoretical and practical approach to the study of the strength, reliability, and durability of transport mechanical structures subjected to impact loads on the basis of the evaluation of the impact response spectra was realized. Practical value. The application of the proposed methodology and the developed software package for carrying out shock tests made it possible to increase the reliability of these tests, to shorten the time of their testing and to process the results. The results of the testing of the tank-container tests showed that this vehicle fully provides the required normative parameters of strength, reliability and durability. This is also confirmed by the fact that after the shock tests carried out in the structure under investigation there were no structural damages, residual deformations and no leakage of the goods transported. The article concludes that it is possible to use the developed technique for carrying out shock tests and implementing a software package for carrying out similar tests of any land vehicles.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN CASE OF UNPLANNED AMMONIA RELEASE
Authors: Amelina L. V. , Biliaiev M. M.
Published: July 2017

Purpose. Development fast calculating model which takes into account the meteorological parameters and buildings which are situated near the source of toxic chemical emission. Methodology. The developed model is based on the equation for potential flow and equation of pollutant dispersion. Equation of potential flow is used to compute wind pattern among buildings. To solve equation for potential flow Samarskii implicit difference scheme is used. The implicit change – triangle difference scheme is used to solve equation of mass transfer. Numerical integration is carried out using the rectangular difference grid. Method of porosity technique («markers method») is used to create the form of comprehensive computational region. Emission of ammonia is modeled using Delta function for point source. Findings. Developed 2D numerical model belongs to the class of «diagnostic models». This model takes into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The model takes into account the influence of buildings on pollutant dispersion. On the basis of the developed numerical models a computational experiment was carried out to estimate the level of toxic chemical pollution in the case of unplanned ammonia release at ammonia pump station. Originality. Developed numerical model allows to calculate the 2D wind pattern among buildings and pollutant dispersion in the case unplanned ammonia release. Model allows to perform fast calculations of the atmosphere pollution. Practical value. The model can be used when developing the PLAS (Emergency Response Plan).
COMPOSITE IMPULSED-PLASMA COATING «STEEL T1/CAST IRON CR28MN3»
Authors: Y. G. Chabak  , T. V. Pastukhova  , V. G. Efremenko  , I. O. Vakulenko  , I. A. Volosenko
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The article is aimed to investigate the structure of the composite coating obtained by pulse-plasma treatment using cathodes of high-carbon material with higher amount of carbide-forming elements. Methodology. The coating was produced using electrothermal axial plasma accelerator with the following operating parameters: voltage applied to the electrodes is 4.0 kV; amplitude of the current is 18 kA; distance between electrodes of about 50 mm. The treatment was carried out according to the scheme: five pulses with electrode of steel T1 + five pulses with electrode of cast iron Cr28Mn3. The pulsed plasma treatment was followed by heat treatment as holding at 950 °C for 2 hours, followed by oil cooling. Optical (Nikon Eclipse L150) and electron (JEOL JSM-6510) microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-Act, Oxford Instruments), the microhardness measurement (FM-300 Future-Tech Corp.) were used for microstructure studying. Findings. It is shown that pulsed-plasma treatment using various electrodes resulted in formation of laminated coating «P18 steel/cast iron 230Cr28Mn3» of 110-130 microns thick. The analysis of micro-hardness coating before and after the post-plasma heat treatment is carried out. It is found that quenching resulted in increase of coating microhardness from 4900-7300 МPа tо 10500-13500 МPа (layer “T1”) and 12000-16500 МPа (layer “230Cr28Mn3”). Originality. The distribution of the alloying elements within the coating is studied. The diffusion transition layer having variable tungsten and chromium content was revealed between the layer “T1” and layer “230Cr28Mn3”. It was shown that after plasma deposition an oversaturated solid solution is being formed in the coating. During post-heat treatment it decomposes with the precipitation of 45-70 % carbides of different shape resulting in sharp increase of microhardness. Carbides amount is proportional to content of carbon and carbide-forming elements in the electrode used for certain layer deposition. Practical value. It was shown the possibility of the formation of a composite layered pulsed-plasma coating with variable chemical composition and micro-hardness in cross-section by means of varying the cathode material and by use of post-plasma heat treatment.
PREDICTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY EMISSIONS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
Authors: M. M. Biliaiev  , O. S. Slavinska  , R. V. Kyrychenko
Published: July 2017

Purpose. Development of 3D numerical models, which allow us to calculate air pollution process from road transport emissions based on chemical transformation of pollutants. Creating numerical models, which would give the opportunity to predict the level of air pollution in urban areas. Methodology. To address the evaluation of the air pollution problem of emissions of vehicles the equations of aerodynamics and mass transfer were used. In order to solve differential equations of aerodynamics and mass transfer the finite difference methods are used. For the numerical integration of the equation for the velocity potential the method of conditional approximation was applied. The equation for the velocity potential written in difference form, is being split into two equations, and at each step of splitting the unknown value of the potential speed is determined by the explicit scheme of running account and the difference scheme itself is implicit. For the numerical integration of the equation of dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere is used implicit alternating-triangular difference splitting scheme. Emissions from the road are simulated by a series of point sources of a given intensity. The developed numerical models are the basis of established software package.Findings. There were developed 3D numerical models, which belong to the class «diagnostic models». These models take into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere when emissions from road transport taking into account the chemical transformation of pollutants. On the basis of the constructed numerical models a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution in the street was carried out. Originality. Numerical models that allow you to calculate the 3D aerodynamic of wind flow in urban areas and the process of mass transfer of emissions from the road were developed. The models make it possible to account the chemical transformation of emissions in the atmosphere. There were preformed the calculations to determine the contamination zone that formed near the buildings along the motorway.Practical value. There were considered efficient numerical models that can be used in the development of environmental protection measures in the operation of road transport in the city. The developed models allow us to estimate the size, shape and intensity of the contamination zone near the motorway.
STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF BEAM STAGED CONNECTION POINT OF THE RAILWAY BRIDGE TRACK-WAY
Authors: Kluchnik S. V.
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The staged connections of the beams of railway bridge track-way have the simplest design, but some design flaws result in numerous defects. The purpose of the given work is to research the actual stress-train state of the point of connection of the stringers with the floor beams on condition of their staged interposition. It is also necessary to determine possible effect of coupled work of deck beam grid and booms on their stress-strain state. Methodology. To reach the purpose of the study the testing of the existing bridge was conducted. To measure strains (stresses) in the span elements we used the strain gages glued to flange angles of stringers and floor beams and to fillets of lower flange angles of stringers in the points of their support on floor beams. To measure deflections of the truss, stringers and floor beams from static loads we used Aistov’s and Maksimov’s deflectometers, that were installed on lower boom in the middle of span 0-1, as well as on both stringers and floor beams in the middle of the span. Deflectometers were fastened to the span and, by wire communication, to the ground surface. Findings. Stress-strain state of the point of connection of the stringers with the floor beams on condition of their staged interposition was obtained and analyzed. Analysis indicates that, apart from vertical bending of the stringers and beams, there is a significant effect of horizontal bending of floor beams and their torsion, that occur due to the coupled work of track-way beams and top booms, both for P0 beam and for other beams. Originality. Research of stress-strain state of metal track-way staged beams while considering their coupled work with bearing trusses. Practical value. While testing the span under the train load, there are significant additional stresses from horizontal bending of floor beams and their torsion in the floor beam flanges. The appearance of these stresses is caused by inclusion of stringers into coupled work with top booms. Appearing flaws in stringers are caused by local stress concentration due to design features of staged track way.
Cognitive and functional dementia assessment tools: Review of Brazilian literature
Authors: Vasconcelos Luciano Góis , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: July 2017

Abstract The diagnosis of dementia is based on cognitive and functional evaluation. One of the difficulties in ascertaining the number of people with dementia in developing countries is the population's lack of formal education. Independent effects of age, sex and education have been identified on scores for most but not all cognitive tests. Objectives: Identify the most-used cognitive and functional assessment tools in Brazil, related to dementia diagnosis and treatment outcome; and identify adaptations or normative data, when available. Methods: Data were generated from PubMed, LILACS and Portal Periodicos CAPES (thesis database) databases using the search terms 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer'. Data collection criteria were a. Articles with abstract; b. Brazilian abstracts, related to adult Brazilian population; c. Clear mention of assessment tool in the abstract text. A total of 108 abstracts were selected for the main analysis: a. to identify the instruments used b. to determine how many of the selected abstracts mentioned each tool and c. to search in the mentioned databases for respective test adaptations or normative data. Results: Some 52 different assessment tools, 41 cognitive instruments and 11 functional instruments were identified. The most cited assessment tests were the Mini Mental State Examination (64 abstracts) and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (4 abstract). Discussion: Many of the instruments used only have the description of the translation process into Portuguese, along with some suggestions of validation or normative data. Few of these followed the recommended procedures of validation, replication, normalization or transcultural adaptation.
How many items from a word list can Alzheimer's disease patients and normal controls recall? Do they recall in a similar way?
Authors: Chaves Marcia Lorena Fagundes , Camozzato Ana Luiza
Published: July 2017

Abstract The serial position effect occurs when individuals are asked to recall a list of information that exceeds normal attention span. Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show lower scores on word span recall tests when compared to healthy aging subjects, younger individuals or depressed patients. Objective: To evaluate the immediate free recall and the serial position effect of a 10-word list, emotionally neutral in tone, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and two age-groups of healthy controls. Methods: The free word recall test was applied in a sample of 44 mild AD outpatients and 168 >50 year and 173 ≤50 year-old healthy controls. The span of recalled words and order of recollection of each item was recorded. Scores for serial position effect were analyzed. MMSE scores were recorded for all participants. Descriptive statistics and the ANOVA with Tukey test were performed. Results: The controls scored significantly better than AD patients on the MMSE and word span (p=0.0001). Older controls word span mean ±SD was 5.65±1.75, younger controls was 5.99±1.27, and AD patients was 2.86±1.42. The best recalled item in all groups was the first item of the list. Primacy was observed across the three groups, although AD patients presented lower scores. Recency was diminished among AD patients compared to control groups. Conclusions: Primacy effect was observed in AD patients as well as in both normal control groups. Recency effect was presented by the normal control groups but was extremely poor among AD patients. The first item was universally best retrieved.
Brazilian version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB): Preliminary data on administration to healthy elderly
Authors: Beato Rogério Gomes , Nitrini Ricardo , Formigoni Ana Paula , Caramelli Paulo
Published: July 2017

Abstract The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for patients with frontal lobe syndrome. Objectives: To present the Brazilian version of the FAB and to show preliminary data on the performance of healthy elderly in the battery, correlating with age, education and scores in the MiniMental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: Forty-eight healthy elderly individuals (34 female/14 male) were evaluated, aged 69.3±6.1 years and with educational level=8.0±5.6 years. The subjects were submitted to the MMSE, the Cornell depression scale and the FAB, in which scores were determined for each item and for the total scale. All individuals had to attain above education adjusted cut-off scores in the MMSE and ≤7 points on the Cornell depression scale. Correlations were calculated between FAB total scores and age, educational level and MMSE scores, as well as between FAB items and education. Results: The mean score ±SD in the FAB was 13.0±2.3 (7 to 18). Total FAB scores correlated significantly with education (r=0.37; p=0.01) and MMSE scores (r=0.46; p=0.001). No correlation emerged between FAB scores and age. The mean score ±SD of the MMSE was 27.4 ± 1.8. Considering the six FAB items separately, two of them (similarities and conflicting instructions) correlated significantly with educational. Conclusions: In this group of healthy elderly, the Brazilian version of the FAB proved to be influenced by education, but not age.
Awareness of disease in dementia: Development of a multidimensional rating scale
Authors: Dourado Marcia , Marinho Valeska , Soares Cláudia , Engelhardt Eliasz , Laks Jerson
Published: July 2017

Abstract Objective: To describe the development of the Assessment Scale of Psychosocial Impact of the Diagnosis of Dementia (ASPIDD), a multidimensional scale to evaluate awareness of disease in dementia. Method: The development of this scale was conducted in four steps. In step one, questions were drawn up after a review of the literature. The second step involved the suggestions offered by a neurologist regarding the skills considered important for the scale. The third step involved the re-writing and review of the domains and questions in the scale followed by a semantic evaluation performed by two independent psychiatrists. Step four consisted of the preliminary study aimed at evaluating the applicability of the ASPIDD. Results: In the semantic evaluation only minor changes were proposed. The preliminary sample had 52 patients, comprising 23 CDR 1 (male=9; female=14) and 29 CDR2 (male=13; female=16). Mean age of patients was 69.7±5.51 (CDR1) and 73.6±9.4 (CDR2), and age at onset was 66.4±5.7 years (CDR1) and 68.3±9.3 year (CDR2). Mean schooling was 9.0±4.3 years (CDR1) and 8.8±4.4 years (CDR2). Mean MMSE was 21.0±3.3 (CDR1) and 17.6±3.5 (CDR2). Mean Cornell was 4.8±2.3 (CDR1) and 4.2±1.9 (CDR2). The patient and caregiver dyads were aware of problems, mainly of those related to social, family and affective relations. The higher rates of discrepant responses were found on the awareness of cognitive deficits and changes in ADL. Conclusion: The ASPIDD is a multidimensional instrument to assess awareness of disease among AD patients.
Reports by caregivers of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Vale Francisco de Assis Carvalho do , Guarnieri Ricardo , Liboni Marcos , Balieiro Jr. Ari Pedro , Silva-Filho José Humberto , Miranda Stênio José Correia de
Published: July 2017

Abstract Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are relevant since they are frequent and cause distress to caregivers. However, they may not be reported by physicians due to the priority usually attributed to cognitive symptoms. Objectives: To verify whether BPSD is being systematically investigated by physicians even in specialized settings and whether their records on medical files are accurate. Methods: Assessment of records on medical files of BPSD reported by caregivers to 182 patients (57.1% men, mean age 67.6±13.5 years) assisted in a tertiary-care behavioral neurology outpatient clinic (BNOC) who also had appointments in other clinics of the same hospital. Alzheimer's disease (37.9%) and vascular disease (19.2%) were the most frequent causes of dementia. Results: Report/appointment ratios were 0.58 in BNOC, 0.43 in other neurological, 0.93 in psychiatric and 0.20 in non-neurological, non-psychiatric clinics. BPSD most frequently recorded in BNOC were insomnia, aggressiveness, agitation/hyperactivity, visual hallucinations, apathy, inadequate behavior and ease of crying. Sorted by psychiatrists, categories associated to more BPSD were affect/mood, thought and personality/behavior. affect/mood and sensoperception symptoms were the most frequently reported. Sorted according to Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), categories associated to more BPSD were depression/dysphoria, delusion and apathy/indifference. depression/dysphoria and agitation/ aggression symptoms were the most frequently reported. Conclusions: BPSD reported by caregivers were very diverse and were not systematically investigated by physicians. Notes in medical files often contained non-technical terms.