bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear, Dependence and Loss of Self-Esteem: Affective Barriers in Second Language Learning Among Adults
Authors: Cohen Y. , Norst M.J.
Published: March 2007

The authors wished to monitor the attitudes of adults required to undertake the study of a foreign language. The requirement was part of a postgraduate degree. The subjects were virtual monolingual English speakers, with one exception. They were adult professional people taking a part-time Master's degree in Migration Studies. They were required to take two semesters of a foreign language of which they had no prior knowledge.
Lecturer Perceptions, Problems and Strategies in Second Language Lectures
Authors: Flowerdew John , Miller Lindsay
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the findings of an investigation into native- English-speaking lecturers lecturing to non-native-English-speaking students at a university in Hong Kong. The study is a follow-up to an earlier investigation on students' perceptions, problems and strategies in attending lectures in a second language (Flowerdew and Miller 1992). The data was collected by means of pre- and post -course interviews, lecturer logs, field notes, observations of lectures, and students' written comments on their lectures. The findings of the investigation are compared with the previous research in the field to provide further insights to support learning and teaching in English.
The Appropriacy of Group Activities: Views From Some Southeast Asian Second Language Educators
Authors: Jacobs George M , Ratmanida
Published: March 2007

Group activities developed in Western countries have been advocated for use in foreign and second language learning internationally. This article reports the views of 31 second language educators from six Southeast Asian countries (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) on the appropriateness of group activities in their own educational contexts. Background is provided on the six countries and relevant previous scholarship is reviewed.

Data were collected via questionnaires and interviews. Some of the participants also took part in the data analysis. Results showed that these Southeast Asian second language educators feel group activities are appropriate to their contexts and that they are already making use of groups in their teaching. Key problems cited in using groups were low motivation, significant variation in proficiency levels, and large classes. These problems are discussed. The recommendation is made that the literatures on cooperative learning and task-based language teaching may provide insights into methods of increasing the effectiveness of group activities, while at the same time, educators will want to use their own local knowledge to adapt group methods to fit their particular contexts.
The Merits of Exploiting Error Analysis in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Haded Mohamed S.
Published: March 2007

The rejection of contrastive analysis (CA) input in foreign/second language teaching materials, in North American context, in the late seventies resulted in the emergence of Error Analysis (EA) both as a theory and method, and the suitability of the latter to foreign language teaching and learning on the basis of empirical evidence. The status of EA as persona grata in language pedagogy was praised by the findings of many works that had proven successful in isolating inter- and intra-lingual errors. There is, therefore, a need to make use of EA as a pedagogical technique in second language learning. This article is a contribution on how ErrorAnalysis can be exploited in identifying the errors of L2 learners and explaining their sources. It hypothesizes that language pedagogy using Error Analysis will be effective in identifying errors that may not be predicted by classic CA. The results of the study support the hypothesis whose implications are further examined.
Sensitizing Learners Towards a More Productive Classroom Participation: an 'Exploratory' Approach
Authors: Rubdy Rani
Published: March 2007

The paper reports an informal study which used simple research techniques to sensitize a group of first year students at the National University of Singapore towards more productive patterns of classroom participation What started out as an innocent attempt at awareness-raising by involving the learners themselves in the observation and analysis of their classroom behaviour, soon took on the character of a collaborative investigatory enterprise in the spmt of Allwright's (1992) proposal for an "exploratory" teaching and learning approach - an approach which sets out to introduce a research perspective into classroom pedagogy.
Reading Strategies and Extensive Reading in Efl Classes
Authors: Hayashi Keiko
Published: March 2007

The results of the investigation on reading strategies and extensive reading of EFL students indicate that reading a lot in both L1 and L2/FL becomes basically the most important factor for improving reading skills rather than just teaching reading strategies. Extensive reading gives learners a rich background knowledge, vocabulary recognition, a high motivation for more reading, and becomes the basic skill of rapid reading, discovery of reading strategies by learners themselves, and increases guessing ability in context.
La “Révélation d'Arès”: naissance d'un pèlerinage dans la France contemporaine
Authors: MAYER Jean-François
Published: March 2007

The Arès movement began with revelations which a French citizen, Michel Potay, claims to have experienced in 1974 and 1977. The movement centres on a pilgrimage, and its followers call themselves “pilgrims of Arès”. The author examines the development of the pilgrimage and the way in which it is currently undertaken. Limited significance is given to the pilgrimage as a physical journey, although the metaphor of pilgrimage as a spiritual advance remains; what matters much more is what pilgrims do once they have arrived at the holy place. The pilgrimage is to a place where tourism was already present; this has contributed to its acceptance by the local population, since the pilgrimage also brings customers to local businesses deriving their income from tourists.
Characterization of the Opus Dei Family Model
Authors: MOSTAZA Esther FERNÁNDEZ
Published: March 2007

This article examines the psychological profile of those who voluntarily, as adults, decide to participate in and accept the demands of an organization such as Opus Dei. The author begins by looking at the work of Erich Fromm and his description of the social receptive character. The second part of the article studies the construction of the (ideal) family model within Opus Dei, with reference to the process of socialization of second-generation members. With this in mind the author has chosen the collection of texts “Hacer Familia” [Building a Family]; the material presented allows the construction of a useful family model, which could be used as an interpretive tool. The categories created and applied by the author are: (a) the question of matrimonial vocation; (b) the functioning of roles within the family structure; and (c) the role of the family as principal socializing agent.
The Process of Religious Life in Brazil: A Balance
Authors: VALLE Edenio
Published: March 2007

The central question addressed in this article is: has Latin American religious life now acquired its definitive “historic form”? The author examines the main developments after Vatican II and Medellin—especially the turbulent years of Liberation Theology and intervention among the poor. The author describes the present situation and struggles of religious men and women in a clearly more conservative society and Church. Furthermore, the new liberalism is bringing into play a postmodern set of values and insights that is leading religious life to a new crossroads. A reappraisal to reconcile the seething prophetism of the 1960s and 1970s with the conditions pertaining today is desirable. It is essential to admit popular culture into religious life while maintaining historical religious aspects in order to respond to the challenges of this continent of “open veins”.
Le grand magal de Touba: exil prophétique, migration et pèlerinage au sein du mouridisme
Authors: BAVA Sophie , GUEYE Cheikh
Published: March 2007

Changes that are current in the area of religious studies—the break-up of a single movement into a multitude of geographically dispersed locations, of small size—lead us to study the Murid movement in many places at the same time. But the great place of pilgrimage of the Murid brotherhood is today considered to be the Grand Magal of Touba. Murid of Senegal scattered around the world long to visit Touba, Muridism's holy city, on the holy day which commemorates the exile imposed by the colonists on the founder of the brotherhood, and the beginning of trials visited upon them all by the Almighty. This great event in the holy city of Touba—which with its 300,000 inhabitants has become the second largest city in Senegal—will be our analytical touchstone for the changes which have occurred in modern Muridism.
Religion and the Awakening of Indigenous People in Latin America
Authors: GUMUCIO Cristián PARKER
Published: March 2007

The “awakening” of the indigenous people of Latin America raises the following question: is it accompanied by a religious revitalization and a return to ancestral beliefs and rituals? Religion is, indeed, present in protests and visible movements such as those in Mexico or Ecuador, but religion does not appear to be the principal factor or the deepest source of these movements. Thus, alongside the rapid expansion of evangelicals (especially Pentecostals) among the indigenous communities, we also observe the higher profile and the increased respect achieved by ancestral indigenous religious traditions. Elsewhere, intense missionary activity by various churches has contributed to the emergence of new indigenous leaders, and shamanic rituals function as a means of reaffirmation of ethnic identity and in support of the struggle to recover ancestral lands, a struggle which is acquiring a sacred character. The battle is political and ethnic; it is fought for recognition of indigenous rights, for the specificity of people and their communities, for their ancestral lands, and for their cultural expression. Belief is by no means uniform among indigenous peoples. But there is no doubt that religion is a part of the process of recovery of ethnic identity, even though it is under threat from globalization.
Le pluralisme vertical en Allemagne
Authors: Matthes J.
Published: March 2007

The social evolution of Germany in the course of the last two centuries was in many ways quite different from that of Holland. And a sociological study of vertical pluralism there poses difficult problems both from the viewpoint of facts and from that of the methods to be used. If it is true that one can scarcely speak of a history of vertical pluralism in Germany, it is true, on the contrary, that since 1945, one can recognise, in the efforts made to have the subsidiarity and relative autonomy of social groups vis-à-vis the State recognised, the beginning at least of a process of ideological partitioning.
The role of the Anglican clergyman
Authors: Bocock Robert J.
Published: March 2007

Les problèmes posés par le rôle du pasteur anglican en Angleterre sont analysés en fonction des changements qui se sont manifestés à tous les niveaux de la société. L'article se réfère en particulier à l'application des sciences sociales au service social et au rôle de conseiller social. Il applique les critères d'instrumentalité d'une action sociale de la société globale actuelle au rôle du pasteur.

En second lieu, ce rôle est analysé en fonction des pro blèmes qui se posent à l'Eglise d'Angleterre du fait de son manque rclatif d'unanimité en ce qui concerne la nature théo logique de l'Eglise, la place du sacerdoce ou du ministère et du fait qu'il s'agit d'une Eglise d'Etat.

Enfin, en troisième lieu, l'auteur analyse les attentes des personnes de la communauté locale concernant le rôle du prêtre dans la paroisse, attentes qui peuvent être en conflit avec la définition du rôle qu'en a le pasteur ou qu'il a en fait intériorisée.
Permanence and Change in the Religious Dimensions of an Intellectual Elite
Authors: Macdonell Allan J. , Campbell Douglas F.
Published: March 2007

Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une enquête étudiant l'incidence de la pratique intellectuelle sur l'orientation reli gieuse.

Un questionnaire de 23 items, soumis à un échantillon de 547 intellectuels, membres de la Société Royale du Canada (Royal Society of Canada), a fourni l'instrument de l'étude. Les auteurs y avaient utilisé les cinq dimensions religieuses de Glock (idéologie, ritualisme, expérience, pratique et dimension intellectuelle) ; en outre, une partie du questionnaire permettait la construction d'un indicateur global.

Les résultats se basent sur les 240 réponses qu'il a été pos sible d'analyser (257 sujets avaient répondu). Globalement, il apparait que les intellectuels ont une dimension religieuse rela tivement faible ; cependant, les variations sont sensibles selon les groupes professionnels ou les appartenances religieuses. Ainsi les catholiques semblent plus attachés que les protestants à la religion ; pour tous les groupes, la dimension idéologique est sensiblement plus importante que l'expérience. Le détache ment de la religion est plus fréquent pour ceux qui pratiquaient avant leurs études; l'évolution inverse est plus rare.

Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs soulignent que la disci pline intellectuelle pratiquée n'a d'incidence sur le changement religieux qu'en fonction de la première socialisation. Si une tension est visible entre la pratique intellectuelle et les valeurs religieuses, l'adaptation reste néanmoins possible.
Gramsci et la religion populaire
Authors: Nesti Arnaldo , Dassetto F. , Bastenier A.
Published: March 2007

In this article the author analyzes the writings of Antonio Gramsci to determine his position on religion.
Le Charisme selon Max Weber
Authors: Freund Julien
Published: March 2007

By reviewing and examining all those texts where Max Weber deals with the concept of " charisma," the author attempts to restore as faithfully as possible the great German sociologist's thought on this subject from the viewpoint of his comprehensive method in political sociology.
Images of God and Man in a Catholic Charismatic Renewal Community
Authors: Hegy Pierre
Published: March 2007

Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête par obser vation participante et par interviews réalisée au sein d'une communauté charismatique catholique aux Etats-Unis.

La question centrale posée par l'Auteur est de savoir si les images de Dieu véhiculées dans de telles communautés sont susceptibles de contribuer à une réforme religieuse en pro fondeur.

A cette fin, l'Auteur fait appel à une conception psycho- sociale du changement religieux selon laquelle de nouvelles images de Dieu sont toujours et nécessairement reliées à des images spécifiques de l'homme et vice versa.

Sur base de son enquête, l'Auteur est amené à constater que la communauté observée véhicule certaines images nou velles de l'homme, mais sans que ces dernières se trouvent traduites dans les comportements des adhérents ou des mem bres du staff, ni dans le fonctionnement global de la com munauté.

Utilisant alors la distinction entre dévotion et réforme et estimant que des actes individuels de dévotion ne peuvent générer une réforme générale que lorsque ces derniers sont appuyés sur une philosophie dynamique, l'Auteur en arrive à la conclusion que le mouvement charismatique risque bien de ne déboucher à long terme que sur un nouveu système de dévotions.
Religion as a Factor in the Adjustment of Immigrants : the case of the Tokelau Island Community in the Wellingston Area (New Zealand)
Authors: Boardman David W.
Published: March 2007

Les résultats de la recherche de l'Auteur de cet article confirment pleinement la thèse de M. Gordon (1964) selon laquelle il faut opérer une distinction radicale entre intégration culturelle et intégration structurelle des migrants dans les sociétés d'arrivée. L'auteur montre aussi l'importance que revêt l'affiliation religieuse dans la vie des groupes immigrés ainsi que le fait que la nature et le type d'institution religieuse à laquelle s'affilie le migrant peut avoir une importance con sidérable pour promouvoir ou freiner son adaptation dans la société d'arrivée.

Cette recherche apporte ainsi une contribution au débat à propos du caractère relevant ou irrelevant de la religion dans le processus d'adaptation des migrants. Elle le fait à partir d'un matériel empirique mais en allant plus loin que la simple description.
La production homilétique catholique
Authors: Dassetto Felice
Published: March 2007

The author sees the homily as the result of creative work using ' inter-textualité (J. Kristeva). It lies between orthodox production demands and the requirements for an appropriate discourse to the listeners. It is based on a sociological theory of the enunciation process. This twofold demand results in a particular usage of the vocabulary relating to Judaism which itself is ambiguously linked to theological doctrine.
Charisme et réforme sociale en Inde
Authors: Faure Guy-Olivier
Published: March 2007

The article "Charisma and social reform in India" describes the action of one man on the indian rural milieu. A disciple of Ghandi, he is at the origin of a mass movement affecting many millions of peasants. Under his impetus and under the sign of non-violence, the villages undergo considerable transformations, in the social, moral, legal and economic domains.

The author analyses this action, which he studied in the field, using sociological concepts such as charisma, asceticism and pro test. He then gives his ideas on the concept of charisma, fitting into a post-weberian approach.
L'Islam libanais en miettes
Authors: Charârâ Waddâ
Published: March 2007

Whereas the division of the Christian camp is anchored in the permanently given facts of the Libanese conflict, the division of the Moslems seems, in comparison, to lack credible and irrecusa ble foundations.
Le bouddhisme vietnamien actuel: réflexion sociologique
Authors: HINH NGUYEN DUY
Published: March 2007

The author describes Vietnamese Buddhism as comprising two forms quite different from one another. One is popular, the other is more intellectual. The popular version is more acculturated in Vietnamese society to the point of constituting a psychological and social factor of major importance. It is to be distinguished from the Buddhism of other countries by its specifically feminine character and by its valuing of compassion and health for the people, attributed to the Buddha.
Les ordres religieux féminins et le compromis catholique: esquisse d'une recherche comparative France-Québec
Authors: TALIN Kristoff
Published: March 2007

This article studies the compromise made by female religious orders in France and in Quebec. Their compromise is with both society and with the Church. The research, reflecting the particularity of the religious orders in the Church, alternates between the logic of network and the logic of territory. In two secularized societies, the sisters negotiate differently their social integration. The compromise acquires a polymorphous dimension linked to the diversity of the sisters and to the diversity of societies. Insertion in a national culture seems to have a strong impact on female religious orders. Furthermore, it is found that sisters react differently in France and in Quebec. Political speeches by some Quebecker sisters indicate perhaps that some of them are moving beyond compromise.
The Urban/rural Dichotomy in European and North American Religious History from the Eighteenth Century to the Twentieth
Authors: McLEOD Hugh
Published: March 2007

Under the ancien regime, differences between the religious lives of cities and rural areas were relatively small, and in the contemporary period these differences are again rapidly diminishing. But in the period from about 1789 to 1960, the contrast between “rural piety” and “urban irreligion” became a commonplace. There were real religious differences between town and countryside, though contemporaries (and historians) often exaggerated and oversimplified the differences. These were due to differences in demography, social structure, the provision of religious resources, and to some extent culture. Claims concerning a distinctive “urban mentality” or “urban way of life” are, however, questionable.
The City, the Countryside and Nature in the Discourse of Two Charismatic Revival Communities: Two Visions of Society and Politics?
Authors: PINA Christine
Published: March 2007

French charismatic revival takes several forms. There are currently around 20 large communities (Fondations du Monde Nouveau, Chemin Neuf, Emmanuel, Pain de Vie or Béatitudes, and so on) and more than a thousand “groupes de prière”. The author considers that, despite a common history, charismatic communities remain very specific and that it is difficult to discern any homogeneity in the revival movement. Comparing representations of city, countryside and nature in two important communities (Béatitudes and Chemin Neuf), the author demonstrates that each community can be seen as a Weberian ideal-type, representing a particular vision of present-day society. Corresponding to these two representations, the author distinguishes two kinds of citizen.
“New Age Movement” or “New Spirituality Movements and Culture”?
Authors: SHIMAZONO Susumu
Published: March 2007

The author considers that the “New Age movement” and the “World of the Spiritual” (so called in Japan) are distinct although similar phenomena which should be grouped together under a common term: New Spirituality Movements and Culture (NSMC). “Movements” embraces various types of “New Age” and “World of the Spiritual” groups and can also include other groups with common characteristics. The word “spirituality” is used because many people in the movements consider that they belong to a new age of “spirituality” that is to follow the age of “religion” as it comes to an end. But many adherents do not like to take part in collective actions. This individualistic inclination sometimes justifies classifying the phenomenon as a “culture” rather than a “movement”. The term NSMC can also be considered to comprise part of the new body of global information and culture.
A- Preliminary Report on Fully Acetylated Cotton
Authors: Buras Edmund M. , Hobart Stanley R. , Hamalainen Carl , Cooper Albert S.
Published: March 2007

Fully acetylated cotton (FA cotton), a chemically modified cellulosic fiber made from cotton and retaining its fibrous form, is described. A small-scale method of preparing a completely or nearly completely substituted product from cotton raw stock, yarn, or fabric by the application of acetic anhydride and perchloric acid catalyst in a diluent which minimizes the tendency of the product to dissolve, is reported. Its general prop erties and behavior in laboratory tests show it to have many superior properties to previ ously known cellulosic fibers, including partial acetates and triacetates. FA cotton has good tenacity, both wet and dry, and flex-abrasion endurance; it has some thermo plasticity, yet shows no sticking at ironing temperatures below 250° C.; it has low moisture regain and is dyeable with ordinary acetate colors. Work in progress m- dicates that treatment of yarn and fabric may be carried out satisfactorily in commercial- type stainless steel equipment.
Evaluation of the Yarn Properties of a High- Strength Interspecies Cotton
Authors: Brown John J. , Howell Nathaniel A. , Fiori Louis A. , Sands Jack E. , Little Herschel W.
Published: March 2007

The reported results compare the yarn properties of a high-strength (11.5 Pressley Index) Interspecies cotton with those of five other cottons having a comparatively wide range of fiber properties. The cottons were processed alike on conventional processing equipment into 18/1, 36/1, and 72/1 carded yarns using a range of twist multipliers from 2.75 to 5.75. The sliver and roving made from each cotton were measured for uniformity and the yarns were tested for uniformity, appearance, and strength. It was found that yarns made front the Interspecies cotton were as strong as those made from the much longer and finer Karnak cotton and stronger than those made from the other cottons. The Interspecies and Karnak yarns were about equal in uniformity with both being more uniform than the other control yarns.

A limited statistical analysis of yarn breaking strength data indicated that fiber strength is more important to yarn strength than either fiber fineness or length.
The Soiling Characteristics of Textile Fibers
Authors: Weatherburn A.S. , Bayley C.H.
Published: March 2007

The effect of twist on soil retention has been studied for a series of acetate yarns con taining 34 filaments of 3.5 den. filament. With increasing twist, soil retention first in creased to a maximum, and then decreased to values below that of the untwisted yarn. Microscopic examination of the soiled yarn indicated that at 20 turns in. visible soil particles had penetrated to the center of the yarn. whereas at 60 turns in. the soil was located on the exterior surface only.
A Plowing Theory of Yarn Surface Friction
Authors: Kaliski E.J.
Published: March 2007

Current theories of friction do not explain the fact that the friction of many fibers on typical guide surfaces is a function of the guide surface roughness. This friction has been found to vary inversety with increasing roughness within certain levels. In this paper a theory to explain the phenomenon is proposed. It is based upon work by Bowden and Tahor and others, in which the plowing of metal in front of a slider of a harder material than the surface upon which it slides is considered in addition to the shearing of junctions made between the two metals. An analysis by Bowden and Tabor, in which one hemispherical asperity is studied, is extended. A mathematical model of the friction effect is set up involving many asperities, all of equal radius. Plowing friction is then found to be an inverse function of the radius of the asperities and of the square root of the number of asperities. To test the relationship derived from this theory some introductory experimental work was done. The friction of yarn on two vastly different surfaces was measured. In addition, optical measurements were made upon these surfaces. A comparison of the measured friction ratio with the ratio based upon the surface studies gave a fair check, indicating that the theory in volving plowing may indeed apply to fiber friction.
Changes in the Weight Distribution of Fiber Lengths of Cotton as a Result of Random Fiber Breakage
Authors: Byatt W.J. , Elting J.P.
Published: March 2007

An integro-differential equation is derived; it describes the time rate of change of the weight distribution of lengths for cotton fibers. A solution to the equation is found. Comparison between theory and experiment is made. Agreement is satisfactory.
Responses to Environmental Changes and an Equation of State for Nylon Yarn
Authors: Eckstein Bernard H. , Olson Earl H. , Ames William F.
Published: March 2007

Nylon yarn at constant temperature was exposed to changes in relative humidity. It was found that, at constant length, the tension in the yarn is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the relative humidity; at constant tension, the logarithm of the length is proportional to the relative humidity. At low strains, stress is proportional to strain. Then over a limited range a linear relation exists between log stress and log strain. "Equations of state" were derived relating these variables, and the constants therein were evaluated for a nylon textile yarn. Different equations apply in different regions of the stress-strain curve. A similar equation was derived for the case of vary ing temperature, but the constants were not evaluated.
The Pore Size of Keratin
Authors: Harrison D. , Speakman J.B.
Published: March 2007

The extent to which wool may be iodinated with alcoholic solutions of iodine at 22.2°C. has been examined as a function of the size of the alcohol molecule. With a solution of iodine in methanol or ethanol, the limiting amount of combined iodine is approximately what would be expected if the whole of the tyrosine were converted into 3 : 5-di-iodotyro sine. When. however, a solution of iodine in n-propanol is used, the reaction proceeds more slowly and comes to an end when the amount of combined iodine is less than half the theoretical value. This result, and the fact that solutions of iodine in n-butanol and n-pentanol give so small an extent of iodination as to suggest that reaction is restricted to the surface of the fibers, confirm an earlier deduction from the elastic properties of wool fibers in alcohols of increasing molecular weight [6] that the fine structure of wool is inaccessible to molecules larger than those of n-propanol.
Social Control and the Process of Schooling
Authors: Borman Kathryn Matey
Published: March 2007

"Open" and "traditional" classrooms have differential impact on student communicative patterns.
Class Origins and Academic Achievement
Authors: Bazemore S. Gordon , Noblit George W.
Published: March 2007

Academic achievement cannot simply be attributed to low selfconcept as an outcome of social class origins.
Policy Changes in Local Schools
Authors: Danis Ruth
Published: March 2007

Shifts in public priorities: Shifts in Board membership: Shifts in school policy and organization. The sequence was regularly followed.
The Public School
Authors: Calabrese Raymond L. , Anderson R. E.
Published: March 2007

Female teachers report greater stress than male teachers, young teachers greater stress than old. A relationship to alienation is not demonstrated.
Lessons Learned from Collaboration
Authors: Mocker Donald W. , Martin Deanna C. , Brown Nevin C.
Published: March 2007

Six axioms for successful school-university collaboration.
Middle-Class Educational Values among Latino Gang Members in East Los Angeles County High Schools
Authors: Schwartz Audrey James
Published: March 2007

In East Los Angeles, Mexican-American gang members value schooling, but gangs impede schooling, especially if mishandled.
Goal Displacement in the Education of Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Aviram Ovadia
Published: March 2007

"Keeping law and order" diverts Israeli boarding schools from educational goals.
Organizational Rites as Culture Markers of Schools
Authors: Conway James A.
Published: March 2007

The concept of "rite," developed by an anthropologist nearly a century ago, has current value in school management.
Reexamination of Resegregation
Authors: Zeller Richard A.
Published: March 2007

The analysis of white flight from Norfolk, Virginia, done by an Urban Education author, has produced an emphatic rejoinder.
The Link between School Decentralization and School Politics
Authors: Wohlstetter Priscilla , McCurdy Karen
Published: March 2007

Forms of decentralization are shaped by schoolpolitics and "actors."
The Comer School Development Program
Authors: Anson Amyr. , Cook Thomas D. , Habib Farah , Grady Michael K. , Haynes Norris , Comer James P.
Published: March 2007

Practice resting on theories of society, of needs, of social relationships: applications.
Lost and Found
Authors: Long Wesley C. , Farr Courtney Ann
Published: March 2007

Most young Afro-American men from an inner city who were interviewed had established positive ethnic identities but had not realized their personal and career goals.
The Yale School Development Program
Authors: Haynes Norris M. , Comer James P.
Published: March 2007

The plight of urban education in America continues to evoke considerable concern among many educators, policymakers, and average citizens. Urban schools whose populations are disproportionately minority continue to experience high rates of failure despite the many school improvement efforts of the past three decades. The most effective strategies are those that address the socioemotional and psycho-educational needs of children. The linkage between school programs and communities, including families must be strengthened The School Development Program of the Yale Child Study Center has been successful in improving urban schools because of its emphasis on systemic change, child development, and parent involvement.
An Analysis of Women Urban Superintendents
Authors: Wesson Linda Hampton , Grady Marilynl L.
Published: March 2007

This is a study of the descriptors of the work lives of women superintendents in urban areas. The variables of interest were perceived sources of job satisfaction, personal benefits of the job, self-fulfillment, and personal strengths that they bring to the job. The study indicates that women urban superintendents use collegial approaches in highly bureaucratic/structured systems.
An Urban District's Knowledge of and Attitudes toward School-Based Innovation
Authors: Bogotch Ira E. , Brooks Cormell , Macphee Barbara , Riedlinger Brian
Published: March 2007

A qualitative study of the sociometric relationships was conducted among high level administrators at an urban district's central office with respect to their knowledge of and attitudes toward school-based innovations. Analysis of data found little evidence either structural or behavioral ht personnel in this school district's central office had a clear understanding of what innovation is or of the complexity inherent in implementation processes. The lack of leadership, the overreliance on externally-funded programs, and the proliferation of unrelated job responsibilities all contimbute to the district's limited effect on school-based innovations.
Socialization of Asian Americans in Human Service Professional Schools
Authors: Su Zhixn , Goldstein Suzanne , Suzuki Gordon , Kim Tina
Published: March 2007

This article reports findings from a case study designed to explore, compare, and describe a selected group of Asian American students' entry perspectives, expectations, and preservice socialization experiences in teacher education, medical, and law schools in a large state university. The study shows that all Asian American students chose to enter the human service professions primarily for humanistic and altruistic reasons and that they were sensitive to diversity issues. However, they were not sufficiently self-conscious of their own obligations to serve as role models for minority children and youth, and nothing in their formal or informal socialization experiences deliberately cultivated such awareness. In addition, many of them felt alienated from the mainstream faculty and field advisers. Findings from this study have strong implications for improving the recruitment and preparation of minority students in professional schools.
Powerful Learning
Authors: Hague Sally A. , Walker Carole
Published: March 2007

The goal of the Accelerated Schools Project is to provide powerful learningexperiences for all children. Because teachers are sometimes reluctant to embracenew practices, this study investigated the effects of a yearlong project designed tobring powerful learning to the forefront in two urban accelerated schools. Theinterventions were Powerful Learning Partners, Powerful Learning Seminars,and a teacher-constructed checklist. Outcome measures were self-reported listingsof strengths and challenges, self-assessments, and essays about powerful learning.Results indicate that partners and seminars can increase accelerated practices.Inflated self-assessment scores suggest that teachers are not fully aware ofconstructivist learning principles and accelerated practices.
"I'm Not Going to Lose You!"
Authors: Reitzug Ulrich C. , Patterson Jacqueline
Published: March 2007

Urban educators interact with students in a variety of ways. Frequently, practices are grounded in assumptions about the necessity of control, whereas in some instances, practices reflect assumptions about the necessity of empowerment. Contrasting assumptions and practices about empowerment and control reflect a choice that confronts urban educators as they interact with students. This study focuses on the choicefor empowerment made by one urban principal andportrays her practices as she interacted with students. Data are presented via a constructed narrative. Following the narrative, data are discussed in terms of thecaring form of empowerment that emergedfrom data analysis.
The Changing Family in Northern Ireland
Authors: FAWCETT MARGARET I.
Published: March 2007

Northern Ireland's divorce culture is different from that of other parts of the United Kingdom, and its support services for children from divorcing families are underdeveloped. This study explored young people's experiences of the divorce process and the help provided by family, friends, and professionals. Thirty-seven young people ages 12 to 18 responded to interview questions. From their perspective, the separation/divorce process was a lengthy one, frequently underpinned by a narrative of acrimony and violence. Extended family and peers were important sources of social support. There was little evidence of productive alliances with siblings. Nineteen of the teenagers had used a specialist counseling service; they were very positive about this service, but their experiences of other services were more mixed. These findings suggest the need for a more structured and coordinated approach to service provision for children and young people.
Helping Others?
Authors: LICHTER DANIEL T. , SHANAHAN MICHAEL J. , GARDNER ERICA L.
Published: March 2007

This article examines the relationship between poverty and family instability during childhood on prosocial behavior—volunteerism—during late adolescence. The 1996 Young Adult supplements of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) are linked to mother and family records from the 1979-1996 main NLSY sample to create life history records spanning childhood and adolescence. Adolescents—especially males—from single-parent families are less likely than those growing up in married-couple households to be involved in volunteer work. Volunteerism is more strongly related to time spent in poverty among females than males. The results support a mediational model, in which negative effects of childhood social and economic disadvantages on later prosocial behavior occur indirectly through effects on socioemotional development and life experiences during adolescence. The results inform current concerns about putative declines in a civil society and the elevation of individualism over communalism among today's young people.
Creating Educational Television Programs that are Relevant to the Lives of Children
Authors: WILLIAMS MARSHA E. , HALL EVE R.
Published: March 2007

One of the greatest challenges in education, whether in formal settings or in the television arena, is creating contexts for learning that are relevant to children's lives. This article describes the formative research process by which the creators of the Ghostwriter television series develop educational programming that is meaningful for its young audience. Focusing on a particular Ghostwriter story, we describe two research studies that were conducted to inform its creation. Children's ideas and sentiments were then integrated into the story in various ways. Our hope is that readers will emerge with an understanding of the process by which the Ghostwriter development team involves children in creating educational programming. Child-centered stody development such as this demonstrates television's ability to educate while addressing children's concerns about complex social issues in their lives.
The Man from South
Authors: BENJAMIN REBECCA
Published: March 2007

Developmental studies on children's written narratives have focused on tracing the appearance of certain elements at different ages to map out the possible stages of growth in storying. The underlying assumption in many of these studies has been that a unilinear pattern of growth is followed by all children as they learn to write stories. As such, it essentially ignores the effects of culture on story structures and themes. This study challenges this assumption as it analyzes the structural and thematic elements of three stories written by one sixth-grade Navajo girl. By examining various cultural influences, the origins and meanings of certain elements become clear. Furthermore, the complexity and sophistication of these stories can be appreciated. This analysis raises serious questions for those language arts teachers of American Indian children and other school personnel who have failed to appreciate certain kinds of narratives and have sometimes considered the authors of those narratives as less able or less developed.
Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Work
Authors: MIHALIC SHARON WOFFORD , ELLIOTT DELBERT
Published: March 2007

This article examines the short- and long-term consequences of working during adolescence. Negative short-term effects are found in the domains of school, family and friend bonding, beliefs, and substance use. A few of these effects persist into adulthood. Those who work more years during adolescence report higher rates of alcohol and marijuana use and less conventional beliefs at ages 27 and 28. A long-term beneficial effect is that the duration of early work is positively related to employability in adulthood.
Reinventing Peace: David Davies, Alfred Zimmern and Liberal Internationalism in Interwar Britain
Authors: Rich Paul
Published: March 2007

The interwar body of thought known as `idealism' has largely been read and understood - some would say parodied - through the work of E.H. Carr in his classic, The Twenty Years' Crisis. One of the consequences has been to sideline the contribution of writers such as Norman Angell, Leonard Woolf and Alfred Zimern, opponents of Carr and dedicated liberal internationalists. Zimmern in particular attempted to develop a version of liberal internationalism that emphasized the advancing role of the League of Nations in establishing an international framework of law, as well as the continuing importance of the British Commonwealth in securing a framework of international standards of civilization. His project - like that of other liberals after 1919 - may have been doomed to failure in the turbulent inter-war period and the years of the Cold War. However, in the post-Cold War era, many of his ideas, developed in another age, seem increasingly relevant.
Social Technology and Praxis
Authors: Gibson Quentin
Published: March 2007

At the present time there is an increasing tendency to regard the application of the social sciences to practical affairs as in some way objectionable, and needing to be replaced by a form of social practice which has a different kind of cognitive backing. This criticism seems to me to embody various confusions and misrepresentations. My aim in what follows is to bring these to light. The objectionable form of social practice is often called social technology, and the desirable form 'praxis'. Though 'praxis' is merely a German word for 'practice', taken from the Greek, it has been adopted by various writers, among whom Jurgen Habermas is a conspicuous example, for a more specialized use, for which precedent is said to be found in Aristotle. I wish to show not only that this precedent is questionable, but that the whole distinction between technology and praxis in the social sphere is without foundation.
Reflexive Epistemology and Social Complexity
Authors: Zolo Danilo
Published: March 2007

According to the article, Neurath's reflexive epistemology—expressed by the metaphor of the ship in need of reconstruction on the open sea—represents a philosophical alternative to the classical and contemporary forms of scientific realism and ethical cognitivism, including Popper's falsificationism. Against Quine's reductive interpretation of Neurath's boat argument as the basis for a 'naturalized epistemology,' the article maintains that the metaphor suggests the idea of an insuperable situation of linguistic and conceptual circularity. This prevents any attempt at self-foundation in scientific knowledge, as well as in ethics and politics, and rules out any 'constructive philosophy' aiming to break circularity in pursuit of some methodological beginning.
Power and Resistance
Authors: Krips Henry
Published: March 2007

The exercises of modem power which Foucault discusses constitute counterexamples to traditional views of the nature of power. Foucault's views are extended to provide an account of the nature of resistance.
Forms of Abstract "Community" From Tribe and Kingdom to Nation and State
Authors: James Paul
Published: March 2007

Apart from a few notable exceptions, the current retreat from Grand Theory has been accompanied by a reluctance to think about how we might theorize different forms of social formation. The present study began as an attempt to understand one such community form, the nation. However, in delineating an analytical method that allowed the theoretical space for exploring the ontological contradictions endemic to living as part of a national community, it became necessary to work comparatively across history and across different social forms. In doing so, the article argues for a method that conceives of the various kinds of human community as formed in the changing and contradictory intersections of (diacritically distinguishable) levels of integration—from the most embodied ties of face-to-face reciprocity to the most abstract relations of strangers-in-association such as exemplified in the electronic communications of "information capitalism."
The Role of the Ethnomethodological Experiment in the Empirical Investigation of Social Norms and Its Application to Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Place Ullin T.
Published: March 2007

It is argued that conceptual analysis as practiced by the philosophers of ordinary language, is an empirical procedure that relies on a version of Garfinkel's ethnomethodological experiment. The ethnomethodological experiment is presented as a procedure in which the existence and nature of a social norm is demonstrated by flouting the putative convention and observing what reaction that produces in the social group within which the convention is assumed to operate. Examples are given of the use of ethnomethodological experiments, both in vivo and as a thought experiment, in order to demonstrate the existence of otherwise invisible conventions governing human social behavior. Comparable examples are cited from the writings of ordinary language philosophers of ethnomethodological thought experiments designed to demonstrate the existence of linguistic conventions.
Confuting Popper on the Rationality Principle
Authors: Nadeau Robert
Published: March 2007

Many methodologists are firmly convinced that Popper's arguments concerning the status of the rationality principle (RP) are incoherent or incompatible with the essentials of falsificationism. The present essay first shows that the accusation of incompatibility of situational logic with falsificationism does not hold up to scrutiny but then shows that Popper's arguments are nonetheless flimsy if not indefensible. For it seems that one can distinguish between two different versions of the RP in Popper's writings. If the first version is plainly "objectivist" and can be characterized with Popper as empirically false, the second one is rather "subjectivist" and is not falsifiable as such. The essay shows that this second reading of the RP is the one that Popper finally adopts but that, unfortunately enough, this formulation of the RP looks more like a metaphysical statement than like an empirical law. It could then be held to be a priori valid as such, by analogy with Popper's line of argument concerning the principle of causality. If this is correct, then Popper's thesis on the empirical status of the RP is confuted.