bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Control of Axisymmetric Swirling Flows in a Long Finite-Length Pipe
Authors: Xu Lei , Rusak Zvi , Wang Shixiao , Taylor Steve
Published: August 2015

Feedback stabilization of inviscid and high Reynolds number, axisymmetric, swirling flows in a long finite-length circular pipe using active variations of pipe geometry as a function of the evolving inlet radial velocity is studied. The complicated dynamics of the natural flow requires that any theoretical model that attempts to control vortex stability must include the essential nonlinear dynamics of the perturbation modes. In addition, the control methodology must establish a stable desired state with a wide basin of attraction. The present approach is built on a weakly nonlinear model problem for the analysis of perturbation dynamics on near-critical swirling flows in a slightly area-varying, long, circular pipe with unsteady changes of wall geometry. In the natural case with no control, flows with incoming swirl ratio above a critical level are unstable and rapidly evolve to either vortex breakdown states or accelerated flow states. Following an integration of the model equation, a perturbation kinetic-energy identity is derived, and an active feedback control methodology to suppress perturbations from a desired columnar state is proposed. The stabilization of both inviscid and high-Re flows is demonstrated for a wide range of swirl ratios above the critical swirl for vortex breakdown and for large-amplitude initial perturbations. The control gain for the fastest decay of perturbations is found to be a function of the swirl level. Large gain values are required at near-critical swirl ratios while lower gains provide a successful control at swirl levels away from critical. This feedback control technique cuts the feed-forward mechanism between the inlet radial velocity and the growth of perturbation's kinetic energy in the bulk and thereby enforces the decay of perturbations and eliminates the natural explosive evolution of the vortex breakdown process. The application of this proposed robust active feedback control method establishes a branch of columnar states with a wide basin of attraction for swirl ratios up to at least 50% above the critical swirl. This study provides guidelines for future flow control simulations and experiments. However, the present methodology is limited to the control of high-Reynolds number (nearly inviscid), axisymmetric, weakly nonparallel flows in long pipes.
Turbulent Flows Over Forward Facing Steps With Surface Roughness
Authors: Shao Weijie , Agelin-Chaab Martin
Published: August 2015

This paper reports an investigation of the effects of surface conditions of forward-facing steps (FFS) on turbulent flows. Three surface conditions including one smooth step and two rough step surfaces created using sandpapers were studied. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to conduct velocity measurements at several locations downstream, and the statistics up to 60 step heights are reported. The step height was maintained at 6 mm, and three Reynolds numbers of Reh = 1600, 3200, and 4800, where Reh is based on the step height and freestream mean velocity, were studied. The results indicate that the reattachment length of a FFS increases with Reynolds number but decreases with increasing surface roughness. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) results showed the step roughness affects even the large-scale structures.
An Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Airfoil Polars for Use in Darrieus Wind Turbines—Part II: Post-stall Data Extrapolation Methods
Authors: Bianchini Alessandro , Balduzzi Francesco , Rainbird John M. , Peiro Joaquim , Graham J. Michael R. , Ferrara Giovanni , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: August 2015

Accurate post-stall airfoil data extending to a full range of incidences between −180 deg and +180 deg are important to the analysis of Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), since the blades experience a wide range of angles of attack, particularly at the low tip-speed ratios (TSRs) encountered during startup. Due to the scarcity of existing data extending much past stall and the difficulties associated with obtaining post-stall data by experimental or numerical means, wide use is made of simple models of post-stall lift and drag coefficients in wind turbine modeling (through, for example, blade element momentum (BEM) codes). Most of these models assume post-stall performance to be virtually independent of profile shape. In this study, wind tunnel tests were carried out on a standard NACA 0018 airfoil and a NACA 0018 conformally transformed to mimic the “virtual camber” effect imparted on a blade in a VAWT with a chord-to-radius ratio c/R of 0.25. Unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results were taken for the same airfoils both at stationary angles of attack and at angles of attack resulting from a slow VAWT-like motion in an oncoming flow, the latter to better replicate the transient conditions experienced by VAWT blades. Excellent agreement was obtained between the wind tunnel tests and the CFD computations for both the symmetrical and cambered airfoils. Results for both airfoils also compare favorably to earlier studies of similar profiles. Finally, the suitability of different models for post-stall airfoil performance extrapolation, including those of Viterna–Corrigan, Montgomerie, and Kirke, was analyzed and discussed.
Level-energy-dependent mean velocities of excited tungsten atoms sputtered by krypton-ion bombardment
Authors: Nogami Keisuke , Sakai Yasuhiro , Mineta Shota , Kato Daiji , Murakami Izumi , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Kenmotsu Takahiro , Furuya Kenji , Motohashi Kenji
Published: August 2015

Visible emission spectra were acquired from neutral atoms sputtered by 35–60 keV Kr+ ions from a polycrystalline tungsten surface. Mean velocities of excited tungsten atoms in seven different 6p states were also obtained via the dependence of photon intensities on the distance from the surface. The average velocities parallel to the surface normal varied by factors of 2–4 for atoms in the different 6p energy levels. However, they were almost independent of the incident ion kinetic energy. The 6p-level energy dependence indicated that the velocities of the excited atoms were determined by inelastic processes that involve resonant charge exchange.
Validation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries
Authors: David Shannon , Gray Kim , Russell Jeffrey A. , Starkey Chad
Published: August 2015

The original and modified Ottawa Ankle Rules (OARs) were developed as clinical decision rules for use in emergency departments. However, the OARs have not been evaluated as an acute clinical evaluation tool.

Objective:

To evaluate the measures of diagnostic accuracy of the OARs in the acute setting.

Methods:

The OARs were applied to all appropriate ankle injuries at 2 colleges (athletics and club sports) and 21 high schools. The outcomes of OARs, diagnosis, and decision for referral were collected by the athletic trainers (ATs) at each of the locations. Contingency tables were created for evaluations completed within 1 h for which radiographs were obtained. From these data the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.

Results:

The OARs met the criteria for radiographs in 100 of the 124 cases, of which 38 were actually referred for imaging. Based on radiographic findings in an acute setting, the OARs (n = 38) had a high sensitivity (.88) and are good predictors to rule out the presence of a fracture. Low specificity (0.00) results led to a high number of false positives and low positive predictive values (.18).

Conclusion:

When applied during the first hour after injury the OARs significantly overestimate the need for radiographs. However, a negative finding rules out the need to obtain radiographs. It appears the AT’s decision making based on the totality of the examination findings is the best filter in determining referral for radiographs.
Preclinical Characterization and
In Vivo
Efficacy of GSK8853, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS4B Protein
Authors: Pouliot Jeffrey J. , Thomson Michael , Xie Mi , Horton Joseph , Johnson John , Krull David , Mathis Amanda , Morikawa Yoshio , Parks Derek , Peterson Richard , Shimada Takashi , Thomas Elizabeth , Vamathevan Jessica , Van Horn Stephanie , Xiong Zhiping , Hamatake Robert , Peat Andrew J.
Published: August 2015

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B protein is an antiviral therapeutic target for which small-molecule inhibitors have not been shown to exhibit
in vivo
efficacy. We describe here the
in vitro
and
in vivo
antiviral activity of GSK8853, an imidazo[1,2-
a
]pyrimidine inhibitor that binds NS4B protein. GSK8853 was active against multiple HCV genotypes and developed
in vitro
resistance mutations in both genotype 1a and genotype 1b replicons localized to the region of NS4B encoding amino acids 94 to 105. A 20-day
in vitro
treatment of replicons with GSK8853 resulted in a 2-log drop in replicon RNA levels, with no resistance mutation breakthrough. Chimeric replicons containing NS4B sequences matching known virus isolates showed similar responses to a compound with genotype 1a sequences but altered efficacy with genotype 1b sequences, likely corresponding to the presence of known resistance polymorphs in those isolates.
In vivo
efficacy was tested in a humanized-mouse model of HCV infection, and the results showed a 3-log drop in viral RNA loads over a 7-day period. Analysis of the virus remaining at the end of
in vivo
treatment revealed resistance mutations encoding amino acid changes that had not been identified by
in vitro
studies, including NS4B N56I and N99H. Our findings provide an
in vivo
proof of concept for HCV inhibitors targeting NS4B and demonstrate both the promise and potential pitfalls of developing NS4B inhibitors.
Mode competition in Er-doped fiber Bragg grating fiber laser
Authors: Li Qi , Huang Kaiqiang , Chen Haiyan
Published: August 2015

The mode competition in Er-doped fiber (EDF) Bragg grating (FBG) fiber laser is researched experimentally, the effect of the operating temperature of FBG on the oscillation mode is discussed. Experiment results demonstrate that the lasing oscillation mode is limited by the bandwidth of FBGs, which is a function of operation temperature, the temperature sensitivity is [Formula: see text]. When the operating temperature of the two FBGs is 25[Formula: see text]C, the output power of [Formula: see text] dBm and the lasing wavelength of 1549.96 nm with slope efficiency of 0.006% and threshold power of 154 mW are obtained.
Propagation of Ultrasonic Shear Horizontal Waves in Rectangular Waveguides
Authors: Kažys Rymantas , Žukauskas Egidijus , Mažeika Liudas , Raišutis Renaldas
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate the propagation of ultrasonic shear horizontal guided waves along waveguides with a rectangular cross-section and with a finite constant and variable width and to determine the peculiarities of propagation of those waves. The dispersion curves of guided waves in finite-width waveguides were modeled by using a semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) technique. The propagation of pulsed shear horizontal ultrasonic guided waves was investigated numerically by using 3D finite element modeling. It was found that in the case of finite-width waveguides, the SH0 shear horizontal wave splits into a family of SH-type dispersive modes propagating with different phase velocities. It was also found that the number of propagating modes depends on the width-to-thickness ratio. The first time spatial distributions of pulsed displacements across the waveguide were determined for waveguides of different widths. Investigation of the waveguides with a rectangular cross-section and varying lateral dimensions was performed. It was found that by properly selecting the geometry of the transient zone of waveguides with a rectangular cross-section, it is possible to improve the performance of such waveguides, e.g. to increase the amplitude of the transmitted pulse type signal without significant distortions of the waveforms.
MMP-9/RECK Imbalance: A Mechanism Associated with High-Grade Cervical Lesions and Genital Infection by Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Discacciati Michelle G. , Gimenes Fabrícia , Pennacchi Paula C. , Faião-Flores Fernanda , Zeferino Luiz C. , Derchain Sophie M. , Teixeira Júlio C. , Costa Maria C. , Zonta Marco , Termini Lara , Boccardo Enrique , Longatto-Filho Adhemar , Consolaro Marcia E.L. , Villa Luisa L. , Maria-Engler Silvya S.
Published: August 2015

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important enzymes in the tumor microenvironment associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) toward squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. However, the role of MMPs in the inflammatory process associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection concomitant with the carcinogenic process driven by HPV has not yet been addressed. In the present study, we analyzed the state of the MMP-9–RECK axis in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: The levels of MMP-9 and RECK expression were analyzed by immunocytochemistry in liquid-based cytology samples from 136 women with high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2/CIN3) and cervical SCC diagnosed by LLETZ, and in 196 women without cervical neoplasia or CIN1. Real-time qPCR was performed to analyze expression of MMP-9 and RECK in 15 cervical samples. The presence of HPV-DNA and other genital pathogens was evaluated by PCR.

Results: We found a higher expression of MMP-9 [OR, 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2–7.8] and lower expression of RECK (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.7) in women with CIN2/CIN3/SCC when compared with women from the control group (no neoplasia/CIN1). A statistically significant association was also found between MMP-9/RECK imbalance and infection by alpha-9 HPV and C. trachomatis. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was significantly higher in women with high-grade cervical disease (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3–11.3).

Conclusions: MMP-9/RECK imbalance in cervical smears is significantly associated with high-grade cervical diseases and infection by alpha-9 HPV and C. trachomatis.

Impact: MMP-9/RECK imbalance during cervical inflammation induced by C. trachomatis might play a role in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1539–47. ©2015 AACR.
Efficacy and Safety of Diagnostic Thoracoscopy in Undiagnosed Pleural Effusions
Authors: Wang Xiao-Juan , Yang Yuan , Wang Zhen , Xu Li-Li , Wu Yan-Bing , Zhang Jun , Tong Zhao-Hui , Shi Huan-Zhong
Published: August 2015

Background: The differential diagnosis of pleural effusions can present a considerable challenge, and the etiology of pleural effusions varies depending on the population studied. Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions in a Chinese population. Methods: Between July 2005 and June 2014, medical thoracoscopy (MT) using the semirigid instrument was performed in 833 patients with pleural effusions of unknown etiology in our Institute, where diagnostic thoracocentesis or/and blind pleural biopsy had failed to yield an answer. Demographic, radiographic, procedural, and histological data were recorded and analyzed. Results: During this 9-year study, satisfactory pleural biopsy samples were obtained in 833 patients, and MT revealed malignant pleural effusion in 342 (41.1%) patients, benign pleural effusion in 429 (51.5%) patients, and 62 (7.4%) patients could not get definite diagnoses. The overall diagnostic efficiency of MT was 92.6% (771/833). After MT, the only severe complication was empyema, seen in 3 patients (0.4%). The most common minor complication was transient chest pain (44.1%) from the indwelling chest tube. Conclusions: MT is an effective and safe procedure for diagnosing pleural effusions of undetermined causes. In areas with high tuberculosis prevalence, MT should be particularly helpful in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.
Mycobacterium chelonae Is an Ubiquitous Atypical Mycobacterium
Authors: Pinto-Gouveia Miguel , Gameiro Ana , Ramos Leonor , Cardoso José Carlos , Brites Maria Manuel , Tellechea Óscar , Figueiredo Américo
Published: August 2015

The type of cutaneous infection varies mainly according to the patient's immune status, and the disseminated form is mostly found in the context of immunosuppression. We report the case of a 62-year-old male who was under long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy and presented with a 7-month history of multiple painless cutaneous lesions at various stages of development: papules, nodules, pustules and hemorrhagic crusts, as well as small erosions and ulcers distributed over the limbs and scalp. Cutaneous biopsy showed a suppurative granulomatous infiltrate with abscess formation. Fite stain revealed numerous extracellular bacilli, suggesting mycobacterial infection, particularly by atypical mycobacteria. Culture of a skin sample revealed Mycobacterium chelonae. The patient started multidrug therapy and showed clinical improvement despite of resistance to one of the antibiotics. This striking presentation underlines the role of immunosuppression with corticotherapy as a major risk factor for these infections. Multidrug therapy is advised and antibiogram is essential in directing treatment.
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, a novel IFNα-2b, induces high response rates with low toxicity in patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Gisslinger Heinz , Zagrijtschuk Oleh , Buxhofer-Ausch Veronika , Thaler Josef , Schloegl Ernst , Gastl Guenther A. , Wolf Dominik , Kralovics Robert , Gisslinger Bettina , Strecker Karin , Egle Alexander , Melchardt Thomas , Burgstaller Sonja , Willenbacher Ella , Schalling Martin , Them Nicole C. , Kadlecova Pavla , Klade Christoph , Greil Richard
Published: August 2015

Key Points

The novel IFNα-2b, ropeginterferon alfa-2b, administered once every 2 weeks has low toxicity and induces high and sustained response rates in polycythemia vera patients. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b induces significant partial and complete molecular response rates, as reflected by reduction of JAK2 allelic burden.
A method of designing a generic actor model for a professional social network
Authors: Ninawe Swapnil S , Venkataram Pallapa
Published: August 2015

The emergence of social networks have opened a new paradigm for professional groups to student groups to exchange their information with their contemporaries quickly and efficiently. The social networking enables to set up relations among the people (called actors) who share common interests, activities or connections. An actor or a person plays a predominant role in sharing social networking services, hence optimal modelling of an actor is essential. An actor model must be defined with several issues concerning to interests, activities, devices used, etc. In this paper, we present a generic actor model for a professional social network (GAMPSON) by considering actor’s personally identifiable information, professional information, activity, social status, etc. The designed GAMPSON is tested over professional social networks such as agriculture social network and museum social network, where GAMPSON generates unique actors associated with the agriculture and museum social network, and renders relations among the actors. Results demonstrated that it is simple and accurate to generate actors and their relations in any social network along with provision of information over database.
Outcomes of Nonmyeloablative HLA-Haploidentical Blood or Marrow Transplantation With High-Dose Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide in Older Adults
Authors: Kasamon Yvette L. , Bolaños-Meade Javier , Prince Gabrielle T. , Tsai Hua-Ling , McCurdy Shannon R. , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Rosner Gary L. , Brodsky Robert A. , Perica Karlo , Smith B. Douglas , Gladstone Douglas E. , Swinnen Lode J. , Showel Margaret M. , Matsui William H. , Huff Carol Ann , Borrello Ivan , Pratz Keith W. , McDevitt Michael A. , Gojo Ivana , Dezern Amy E. , Shanbhag Satish , Levis Mark J. , Luznik Leo , Ambinder Richard F. , Fuchs Ephraim J. , Jones Richard J.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Recent advances in nonmyeloablative (NMA), related HLA-haploidentical blood or marrow transplantation (haplo-BMT) have expanded the donor pool. This study evaluated the effect of age on NMA haplo-BMT outcomes in patients age 50 to 75 years.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of 271 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies, age 50 to 75 years, who received NMA, T-cell–replete haplo-BMT with high-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide.

Results

The median age was 61 years, with 115 patients (42%) age 50 to 59, 129 (48%) age 60 to 69, and 27 (10%) age 70 to 75 years. Overall, 84% of patients had intermediate- or high-/very high–risk disease. The 6-month probabilities of grade 3 or 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) were 3% and 8%, respectively. Patients in their 50s, 60s, and 70s had 6-month NRM probabilities of 8%, 9%, and 7%, respectively (P = .20). With a median follow-up of 4 years, corresponding 3-year progression-free survival probabilities were 39%, 35%, and 33% (P = .65), and corresponding 3-year overall survival probabilities were 48%, 45%, and 44% (P = .66). Three-year progression-free survival probabilities were 40% in acute myeloid leukemia (n = 65), 39% in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 83), and 37% in indolent or mantle-cell lymphoma (n = 65). Older patient age was associated with a significantly higher risk of grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD but not grade 3 to 4 acute or chronic GVHD. No statistically significant associations were found between older age (relative to age 50 to 59 years or as a continuous variable) and NRM, relapse, or survival.

Conclusion

NMA haplo-BMT with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide has encouraging safety and survival outcomes in patients age 50 to 75 years. In patients otherwise fit for BMT, the results support consideration of this approach despite advanced age.
Impact of Subsequent Therapies on Outcome of the FIRE-3/AIO KRK0306 Trial: First-Line Therapy With FOLFIRI Plus Cetuximab or Bevacizumab in Patients With KRAS Wild-Type Tumors in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Modest Dominik P. , Stintzing Sebastian , von Weikersthal Ludwig Fischer , Decker Thomas , Kiani Alexander , Vehling-Kaiser Ursula , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin , Heintges Tobias , Lerchenmüller Christian , Kahl Christoph , Seipelt Gernot , Kullmann Frank , Stauch Martina , Scheithauer Werner , Held Svantje , Möhler Markus , Jung Andreas , Kirchner Thomas , Heinemann Volker
Published: August 2015

Purpose

We investigated choice and efficacy of subsequent treatment, with special focus on second-line therapy, in the FIRE-3 trial (FOLFIRI plus cetuximab [arm A] or bevacizumab [arm B]) for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

Start of subsequent-line (second or third) therapy was defined as use of an antitumor drug that was not part of the previous regimen. We evaluated choice, duration, and efficacy of subsequent therapy and determined the impact of subsequent-line treatment on outcome of patients in FIRE-3.

Results

Of 592 patients in the intent-to-treat population, 414 (69.9%) received second-line and 256 (43.2%) received third-line therapy. In subsequent treatment lines, 47.1% of patients originally assigned to arm A received bevacizumab, and 52.2% originally assigned to arm B received either cetuximab or panitumumab. Oxaliplatin was subsequently used in 55.9% (arm A) and 53.2% (arm B) of patients. Second-line therapy was administered for a median duration of 5.0 versus 3.2 months (P < .001) in study arm A versus B. Progression-free (6.5 v 4.7 months; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.85; P < .001) and overall survival (16.3 v 13.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.88; P = .0021) from start of second-line therapy were longer in patients in arm A compared with arm B.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the sequence of drug application might be more important than exposure to single agents. In patients with RAS wild-type tumors, first-line application of anti–epidermal growth factor receptor–directed therapy may represent a favorable condition for promoting effective subsequent therapy including antiangiogenic agents.
Reviews Film
Authors: Cziborr Jonathan , Fleischmann Dustin , Incrucio Mars , Jonathan King Justin Ray
Published: August 2015

Like Father, Like Son

Like Father, Like Son (Soshite chichi ni naru, 2013)

Japan Director Hirokazu Koreeda Runtime 120 minutes

An Achievement in Storytelling: A Review of Spike Jonze's Her

Her (2013) USA Director Spike Jonze Runtime 126 minutes

Only Refn Forgives

Only God Forgives (2013) Denmark/Sweden/ Thailand/USA/France Director Nicolas Winding Refn Runtime 90 minutes

Man of Steel

Man of Steel (2013) USA/Canada/UK Director Zack Snyder Runtime 143 minutes
Reviews DVD/Blu-ray
Authors: Gates Brendan , Martin Richard F. , Mayo Jonathan , Rasberry Margaret , Warpole Kailyn N.
Published: August 2015

Laurence Anyways

Laurence Anyways (2012) Canada

Director Xavier Dolan Runtime 168 minutes

DVD USA, 2013 Produced and Distributed by Alliance Viva Film (region 1)

The Killing

The Killing (1956) USA Director Stanley Kubrick Runtime 84 minutes

Blu-ray USA, 2011 Produced and Distributed by The Criterion Collection

A Look into the World of Independent Gaming

Indie Game: The Movie (2012) USA Director Lisanne Pajot and James Swirsky Runtime 94 minutes

DVD USA, 2008 Produced and Distributed by Blink Works Media (region 1)

Jules et Jim

Jules et Jim (1962) France Director François Truffaut Runtime 105 minutes

Dual Format Blu-ray/ DVD USA, 2013 Produced and Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region 1)

A Brief History of Time in 11 Frames

A Brief History of Time (1991) UK/Japan/USA Director Errol Morris Runtime 84 minutes

Dual Format Blu-ray/DVD

USA, 2014 Produced and Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A/1)
Elementos para una lectura del libro álbum
Authors: Vásquez Rodríguez Fernando
Published: August 2015

Cada vez es más frecuente el uso del libro álbum en el aula, por parte de los maestros y maestras. También los padres de familia consideran que este tipo de libros puede ayudar a iniciar y motivar la lectura en sus hijos. Sin embargo, es común la confusión entre libro ilustrado, álbum ilustrado y libro álbum como tal. Tampoco hay la suficiente claridad acerca de la manera en que debe hacerse esta lectura combinada de imágenes y textos, y aún menos los aspectos a tener en cuenta para trabajar didácticamente con este artefacto cultural.
Juego de rol y la actividad matemática
Authors: Camargo Amaya Diana Marcela
Published: August 2015

Se presenta una metodología de trabajo para la creación de un juego de rol con la concepción de que el juego facilita la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas.
La investigación se desarrolla teniendo en cuenta las etapas de: planeación, acción, observación y reflexión, con el objetivo de generar la actividad matemática a partir del juego de rol: Special Agents of the Universe, producto final de esta investigación, donde participan cinco estudiantes que juegan con personajes creados y personalizados por ellos,  y un docente de matemáticas que cumple el rol de master.  A la hora de jugar este equipo utiliza o consulta con su master los conocimientos matemáticos que necesitan para obtener la victoria en las diferentes partidas. Cada partida dura aproximadamente entre tres y cuatro horas donde la imaginación y las ansias por conocer el final de la historia consumen a los jugadores.    
Modelo AHP-VIKOR para handoff espectral en redes de radio cognitiva
Authors: Hernández Suárez César , Páez Ingrid , Giral Ramírez Diego Armando
Published: August 2015

En este artículo se presenta la propuesta de un algoritmo híbrido para la asignación de espectro en redes de radio cognitiva basado en los algoritmos Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) y Multi-Criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution (VIKOR), con el objetivo de mejorar el desempeño de la movilidad espectral de los usuarios secundarios en redes de radio cognitiva.Para evaluar el nivel de desempeño del algoritmo propuesto se realiza un análisis comparativo entre  este, el Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) y una asignación de espectro aleatoria (Random). Los dos primeros trabajan con los mismos criterios de decisión: probabilidad de disponibilidad del canal, tiempo estimado de disponibilidad del canal, relación señal a ruido más interferencia y ancho de banda. A diferencia de los trabajos relacionados, la evaluación comparativa se validó a través de una traza de datos reales de ocupación espectral capturados en la banda de frecuencia GSM, que modela el comportamiento real de los usuarios licenciados. En la evaluación de desempeño se utilizaron cinco métricas de evaluación: número promedio acumulado de handoff fallidos, número promedio acumulado de handoff realizados, ancho de banda promedio, retardo promedio acumulado y throughput promedio acumulado.Los resultados del análisis comparativo con los otros dos algoritmos muestran que el algoritmo de handoff AHP-VIKOR propuesto provee el mejor desempeño en la movilidad espectral.
CONEXIONES UNIVERSIDAD - TERRITORIO EN LA ESCENA LATINOAMERICANA: UN ACERCAMIENTO DESDE EL CASO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Castro Ortega Carlos Hernán
Published: August 2015

El trabajo revela algunos patrones y tendencias espaciales presentes en el sistema de educación superior en Colombia, examinado en dos escalas: urbano-metropolitana y regional-nacional. El estudio de la oferta, la demanda, la capacidad y los productos que entregan las universidades, permitió advertir disparidades y desequilibrios urbano-regionales observados principalmente entre universidades públicas al interior del sistema de educación superior colombiano.  Metodológicamente se acudió al análisis cuantitativo y locacional de datos provenientes del SNIES, para identificar tipologías de localización/distribución y examinar aspectos relativos al comportamiento y pertinencia socio-espacial de la educación superior en el país.
Can traditional games be an option in increasing the physical activity of women following mastectomy?
Authors: Bronikowska Małgorzata , Bronikowski Michał , Glapa Agata , Prabucki Bartosz
Published: August 2015

Study aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).

Material and methods: PA was assessed using a questionnaire, and the number of steps taking during 30-minute periods was measured using pedometers during each of the games. Exertion was evaluated using Borg’s Scale.

Results: there was no difference in levels of coherence between the age groups. The group of younger women were statistically more active (M = 3.34 days/week) than the older group (M = 2.77 days/week). All the games were evaluated to be of light intensity, with ringo perceived as being statistically more fatiguing in the over 50 age group. The highest number of steps was performed during the game of ring-net-ball (M = 1903 steps/30 min) in both age groups, with older women performing statistically more steps. Similar situations were observed in the cases of pétanque and speedminton. In ringo, the situation was reversed. The lowest number of steps was recorded in pétanque in the younger age group (M = 296 steps/30 min).

Conclusion: this study indicates that in the rehabilitation and recovery process after mastectomy, traditional games could be a bridging link between exercising and sports as they provide not just activity but also a unique and valuable social context.
Human Capacities for Emotion Recognition and their Implications for Computer Vision
Authors: Liebold Benny , Richter René , Teichmann Michael , Hamker Fred H. , Ohler Peter
Published: August 2015

Current models for automated emotion recognition are developed under the assumption that emotion expressions are distinct expression patterns for basic emotions. Thereby, these approaches fail to account for the emotional processes underlying emotion expressions. We review the literature on human emotion processing and suggest an alternative approach to affective computing. We postulate that the generalizability and robustness of these models can be greatly increased by three major steps: (1) modeling emotional processes as a necessary foundation of emotion recognition; (2) basing models of emotional processes on our knowledge about the human brain; (3) conceptualizing emotions based on appraisal processes and thus regarding emotion expressions as expressive behavior linked to these appraisals rather than fixed neuro-motor patterns. Since modeling emotional processes after neurobiological processes can be considered a long-term effort, we suggest that researchers should focus on early appraisals, which evaluate intrinsic stimulus properties with little higher cortical involvement. With this goal in mind, we focus on the amygdala and its neural connectivity pattern as a promising structure for early emotional processing. We derive a model for the amygdala-visual cortex circuit from the current state of neuroscientific research. This model is capable of conditioning visual stimuli with body reactions to enable rapid emotional processing of stimuli consistent with early stages of psychological appraisal theories. Additionally, amygdala activity can feed back to visual areas to modulate attention allocation according to the emotional relevance of a stimulus. The implications of the model considering other approaches to automated emotion recognition are discussed.
Density and activity patterns of ocelot populations in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador
Authors: Salvador Julia , Espinosa Santiago
Published: August 2015

Ocelots were historically hunted for their skins but habitat loss is now their most serious threat, causing rapid declines in populations throughout their range. Ocelot abundance has been estimated for various locations across the Neotropics, but we still lack this information from some countries, including Ecuador. Knowing whether ocelot abundance is increasing or decreasing is important to assess the conservation status of this species and the conditions of its habitats in the Ecuadorian Amazon and in the region. To determine whether ocelot abundance and its behavior are affected by human-related activities, camera-trap surveys were carried out in two localities of Yasuní National Park (YNP), one that has experienced hunting, oil extraction, and roads (Maxus Road) and one that is largely unaffected by these activities (Lorocachi). During the survey, 35 and 36 individual ocelots were photographed in Maxus Road and Lorocachi, respectively. Population density estimates were similar for both localities, ranging from 0.31 (SE±6) to 0.85 (SE±17) ocelots/km
Primacy analysis in the system of Bulgarian cities
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatinka I. , Ausloos Marcel
Published: August 2015

The concept of "primacy" as introduced by Jefferson
in 1939 in urban geography leads to the notion of
"dominant city" also known as the primate city. Practically,
the notion was extended by Sheppard in view of discussing
some "hierarchy". The type of dominance is not
universal nor any hierarchy reversal. Both can be time and
sample dependent. Thus, as an example taking into consideration
the existence of both pieces of the puzzle, we
consider and discuss the Bulgarian urban system. It is also
interesting to compare data on two groups of cities in different
time intervals: (i) the whole Bulgaria city system
which contains about 250 cities, - studied in the time interval
between 2004 and 2011, and (ii) a system of 33 cities,
- studied over the time interval 1887 till 2010. These latter
cities are selected because the population was already
over 10 000 inhabitants in 1946. It is shown that new
additional indices are interestingly introduced in order to
compensate defects in the Sheppard index. Numerical illustrations
are illuminated through a "length ratio" measure,
which allows to distinguish the (often) observed departures
from the hyperbolic ranking seen by Jefferson.
Effect of VKORC1-1639 G>A polymorphism on warfarin response in east of Turkey / Türkiye’nin doğusunda warfarin yanıtı üzerine VKORC1-1639 G>A polimorfizminin etkisi
Authors: Kiki İlhami , Yıldırım Rahşan , Yıldırım Abdülkadir , Laloğlu Esra , Çadırcı Kenan , Erdem Fuat , Gündoğdu Mehmet
Published: August 2015

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the VKORC1 -1639 G>A polymorphisms could determine differences in the warfarin dose required to maintain a therapeutic INR in patients living in east of Turkish.

Methods: A total of 80 patients (45 female and 35 male) aged between 17 and 85 years (mean age 58.96±16.59 years) using warfarin for at least one month and presenting at Atatürk University Medical Faculty Outpatient Clinic between May 2009 and May 2010 were included in the study. Patients underwent genotype investigations and carrier forms of VKORC1 -1639 variants; homozygous (AA), heterozygous (GA) and wild types (GG) were determined.

Results: In AA and GA groups, daily warfarin maintenance doses were statistically significant lower than in GG (p=0.010 and p=0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference between AA and GA groups regarding to warfarin dose (p>0.05). INR values were higher in GA and AA groups than in GG group and differences were statistically significant (p=0.014 and p=0.016, respectively). Also there was no difference between GA and AA gropus in terms of INR.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study verified the interindividual variability in warfarin maintenance dose due to VKORC1-1639 G>A polymorphism in patients living in east of Turkish. In order to avoid serious bleeding events in warfarin therapy, prescription of warfarin should be done on an individual basis with consideration for the patient’s genetic background.
Cloning and expression of a broad pH stable GH11 xylanase from Aspergillus niger C71 / Aspergillus niger C71 den geniş pH aralığında dengeli olan GH11 xylanaz klonlaması ve ekspresyonu
Authors: Nie Guo-Xing , Zhang Jian-Xin , Shan Jin-Feng , Ming Hong , Song Dong-Ying , Duan Yan-Yan
Published: August 2015

Objective: To clone a full-length cDNA sequence of xynB, encoding endo-1,4-β-xylanase of Aspergillus niger C71 and express in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).

Methods: The xynB was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The sequenced DNA was compared with the available sequences from GenBank using the BLASTX program, and the phylogenetic tree of the xylanases was then constructed using MEGA version 5.0. The amino acid sequences of XYNB were submitted to the ESyPred3D Web Server 1.0 for Homology modeling. The XYNB was purified by MonoQ an ion exchange chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.

Results: The results showed that xynB is 678 bp in length, and encodes a 18 amino acid signal peptide as well as a 22 amino acid mature peptide with a calculated molecular weight of 24.127 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis of xynB, three-dimensional structure and overlap analysis of XYNB demonstrated that XYNB has a β-jelly-roll architecture, which is more conversation in the catalytic domain of GH11 xylanases, belonging to the family 11 of glycosyl hydrolases. A maximum enzyme activity of 62,242.33 U•ml-1 was obtained from XYNB. The XYNB with MW of 41 kDa demonstrated a broad pH stability from pH 3.0 to pH 12. 0.5 mM of Fe2+ could greatly enhance activity of XYNB to 567.02%. The mainly hydrolysis products of beechwood xylan were xylobiose. The hydrolysis products of XYNB effecting on beechwood xylan were analysed by HPLC.

Conclusion: The xynB had been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, with high enzyme activity and a broad pH stability, and it would be a very good application prospect as the feed enzyme.
Brain Function and Writing with the Unaccustomed Left Hand
Authors: Dawson GA
Published: August 2015

Twenty right-handed subjects were asked to handprint a passage containing all the letters of the alphabet once with each hand. The purpose was to describe the changes a document examiner can expect to find in handprinting done with the unaccustomed left hand and to offer a hypothesis as to why these changes occur. It was found that many of the writers displayed persistent differences between their right- and left-hand writings. It is suggested that these differences were due to both a lack of manual dexterity when writing with the unaccustomed left hand and to the fact that different neurophysiological processes are involved.
A Review of The Coroner's Autopsy
Authors: Smith JH
Published: August 2015

The subtitle of this book, “A Guide to Non-Criminal Autopsies for the General Pathologist,” is sufficient justification for its publication. In Britain, Canada, and, I suspect, the United States, the majority of “coroner's autopsies” are performed by general pathologists operating out of local hospitals. Many of these pathologists have no formal training in forensic pathology and gain experience and hopefully expertise on a case-by-case basis. The difference between a hospital and medicolegal autopsy is essentially one of the approach. The approach to forensic science cases is well-defined in this book.
Simultaneous Electrophoretic Determination of Phosphoglucomutase Subtypes, Adenosine Deaminase, Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase, and Adenylate Kinase Enzyme Phenotypes
Authors: Wolson TL , Stuver WC
Published: August 2015

Many of the conventional agarose phosphoglucomutase (PGM) subtyping systems presently in use fail to provide a good separation between the 1+ and 2− bands as well as the 2+ band and the more anodic moving bands. Use of a 1-mm-thick gel composed of 1% ISO GEL (FMC Corp.) and phosphate-citric acid gel and tank buffers with a pH of 5.3 provided exceptionally good separation between all four of the major subtyping bands. The additional criteria for this procedure is a voltage of 21 V/cm and a run time of 4 h. Utilization of this procedure using case samples of varied ages proved the reliability of the procedure. Also examined were the effects of several reducing agents on the enzyme band patterns and the use of this system for the simultaneous determinations of the adenosine deaminase (ADA), erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP), and adenylate kinase (AK) enzyme phenotypes.
Isotachophoretic Analysis of Bloodstains: Differentiation of Human, Menstrual, Bovine, and Ovine Bloods
Authors: Alsawaf K , Tu AT
Published: August 2015

Isotachophoresis, a technique to separate components by constant current electrophoresis, was used to differentiate between bloodstains of male, female, menstrual, bovine, and ovine bloods on cotton cloth and filter paper. Bloodstain analysis by isotachophoresis of stains from male and female subjects showed identical cationic patterns, but gave different profiles in the anionic system. Plasma had one extra peak in the anionic system when compared to the profile of serum. This extra peak is due to the presence of fibrinogen in plasma. Some hemoglobin peaks overlapped with serum protein peaks, but these could be identified by comparisons at lower concentrations. Menstrual blood had a much different pattern than normal human blood as was expected since many more compounds are found in menstrual blood than in normally circulating blood. Human, bovine, and ovine bloodstains showed different profiles both in the cationic and anionic systems. These results indicate that isotachophoresis can be used for the rapid and simple analysis of bloodstains to differentiate reliably human male, female, and menstrual blood and also to distinguish human bloodstains from those of cattle or sheep.
An Analysis of a Prehistoric Homicide from Northern California
Authors: Murad TA , Mertz D
Published: August 2015

An analysis was performed on a prehistoric human vertebral column recovered during an archaeological excavation in the Sierra of northern California. Fifteen burials believed to represent the Maidu culture of 400 to 700 years ago were recovered. The vertebral column from one of the individuals is particularly significant because of three embedded projectile points. The analysis attempts to recreate the trajectory of each point; to determine the possible extent of damage done by each with emphasis upon which could have been fatal; and by employing available ethnographic and archaeological data, to suggest the possible circumstances surrounding the violent event. The conclusion suggests that death may have resulted from any of the three wounds and was probably the result of an intratribal dispute.
Childhood Suicide: A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Copeland AR
Published: August 2015

A study of childhood suicide in individuals aged twelve years or less was performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, FL, over the eight-year period from 1977 to the present. Four cases were collected; these are presented in some detail. A discussion then ensues along with a review of pertinent literature concerning this phenomenon.
Retrieval of Analytical Data and Substance Identification in Systematic Toxicological Analysis by the Mean List Length Approach
Authors: Franke J-P , de Zeeuw RA , Schepers PGAM
Published: August 2015

Chromatographic techniques are basic tools in systematic toxicological analysis. Extensive data bases with retention parameters of known drugs to aid in the identification of substances found are available or in preparation. For a search in such a data base the computer is indispensable. The commonly used window search has some disadvantages which can be overcome by a search based on the statistical concept, the mean list length. The latter retrieval system gives for each candidate in the identification process a probability value. It is shown that these probability values are highly influenced by the reproducibility of the retention parameters of the analytical systems used. Explanations for these phenomena are given.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Cholinesterase Activity in Postmortem Blood
Authors: Baselt RC , Shaw RF , McEvilly R
Published: August 2015

Thirty-two postmortem blood specimens, with and without sodium fluoride as preservative, were analyzed for cholinesterase activity by the Michel method. The fluoridated specimens, which contained from 0.7 to 31 mg/mL (average 6.3) of sodium fluoride, were found to exhibit cholinesterase activities that were 5 to 59% (average 25%) lower than the duplicate unfluoridated specimens. We concluded that, while this decrease is quite significant, a fluoridated post-mortem blood specimen may be used for the measurement of cholinesterase activity when a non-fluoridated specimen is unavailable.
A Review of Forensic Photography
Authors: Graves WM
Published: August 2015

If you have had the experience of shooting rolls of film on an important death investigation, whether it be death scene, autopsy photographs, or pictures of evidence, and your photos are rendered useless by over- or under-exposure, lack of a measuring guide, extraneous blood and gore rendering them inadmissable, or for any other reason, you are aware of the value of at least a minimum of knowledge in photographic technique.
Quantitatie Analysis of Illicit Heroin by selected Ion Monitoring
Authors: Chow S-T
Published: August 2015

A method using selected ion monitoring has been developed for the quantitative analysis of illicit heroin. It is accurate and reproducible. Comparing the results obtained by this method and by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography should provide an absolute heroin content within the limits of experimental error.