bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trace the History of HIV and Predict Its Future through Genetic Sequences
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Chen , Jin Xin , Wu Jianjun , Su Bin , Shen Yuelan , Ruan Yuhua , Xing Hui , Lou Jie
Published: August 2022

Traditional methods of quantifying epidemic spread are based on surveillance data. The most widely used surveillance data are normally incidence data from case reports and hospital records, which are normally susceptible to human error, and sometimes, they even can be seriously error-prone and incomplete when collected during a destructive epidemic. In this manuscript, we introduce a new method to study the spread of infectious disease. We gave an example of how to use this method to predict the virus spreading using the HIV gene sequences data of China. First, we applied Bayesian inference to gene sequences of two main subtypes of the HIV virus to infer the effective reproduction number (GRe(t)) to trace the history of HIV transmission. Second, a dynamic model was established to forecast the spread of HIV medication resistance in the future and also obtain its effective reproduction number (MRe(t)). Through fitting the two effective reproduction numbers obtained from the two separate ways above, some crucial parameters for the dynamic model were obtained. Simply raising the treatment rate has no impact on lowering the infection rate, according to the dynamics model research, but would instead increase the rate of medication resistance. The negative relationship between the prevalence of HIV and the survivorship of infected individuals following treatment may be to blame for this. Reducing the MSM population’s number of sexual partners is a more efficient strategy to reduce transmission per the sensitivity analysis.
The Simultaneous Influence of the Solar Wind and Earth’s Magnetic Field on the Weather
Authors: Mawad Ramy , Fathy Mahmoud , Ghamry Essam
Published: August 2022

The correlation between simultaneous observations of the atmospheric weather and geomagnetic field has been studied during the period 1999–2021. We found that there is a strong correlation between atmospheric weather and the geomagnetic field. This correlation is lower at the Earth’s surface, due to the strong influence of the source of the magnetic field coming from the core of the Earth. In contrast, when we move towards the outer magnetosphere, the interaction between weather and the magnetic field strength is stronger. This indicates that the weather and external magnetic field could play an important role in the variations of the atmospheric weather parameters.
Racial/Ethnic Variances in COVID-19 Inoculation among Southern California Healthcare Workers
Authors: Dubov Alex , Distelberg Brian J. , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C. , Peteet Bridgette , Roberts Lisa , Montgomery Susanne B. , Rockwood Nicholas , Patel Pranjal , Shoptaw Steven , Chrissian Ara A.
Published: August 2022

Healthcare workers (HCWs) from minoritized communities are a critical partner in moving vaccine-hesitant populations toward vaccination, yet a significant number of these HCWs are delaying or deciding against their own COVID-19 vaccinations. Our study aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of vaccine hesitancy among racially and ethnically minoritized HCWs and to describe factors associated with vaccine non-acceptance. Analysis of a sub-sample of racially and ethnically minoritized HCWs (N = 1131), who participated in a cross-sectional study at two large Southern California medical centers, was conducted. Participants completed an online survey consisting of demographics, work setting and clinical role, influenza vaccination history, COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, personal COVID-19 exposure, diagnosis, and impact on those closest to them. While overall most HCWs were vaccinated (84%), 28% of Black, 19% of Hispanic, and 8% of Asian American HCWs were vaccine-hesitant. Age, education level, occupation, history of COVID-19, and COVID-19 related knowledge were predictive of vaccine hesitancy. We found significant variations in COVID-19 related knowledge and reasons for vaccine hesitancy among Black (governmental mistrust), Hispanic (preference for physiological immunity), and Asian-American HCWs (concern about side effects) who were vaccine-hesitant or not. Our findings highlight racial and ethnic differences in vaccine-hesitancy and barriers to vaccination among HCWs of color. This study indicates the necessity of targeted interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy that are mindful of the disparities in knowledge and access and differences between and among racial and ethnic groups.
Cost management in the conditions of development of Inter-Organizational Relations of Aic Organizations
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Khoruzhy L. I. , Katkov Yu. N. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Romanova A. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Katkova E. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article provides a theoretical justification of the role of managerial cost accounting in agricultural organizations, cost management systems in order to ensure the economic security of agricultural formations, as an effective tool for maintaining the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the system of economic security of agricultural organizations. In order to promptly obtain the necessary data, form and present information in management accounting to determine the degree of development of management cost accounting of agribusiness organizations and make important management decisions, an effective tool is required that allows for cost control in a short time. To solve these problems, the article presents indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the cost management system in agricultural organizations.
Internal audit of the organization of settlements with personnel on remuneration
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education « Dagestan State University of National Economy», Makhachkala, Russia, Musaev T. K.
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the need to organize and conduct an internal audit of settlements with the personnel of agricultural enterprises on labor remuneration. The audit procedures for assessing the reasonableness of labor costs and their payment are described. The forms of working documents are proposed, which should reflect the process and results of the control procedures.
On main foreign policy priorities of Iran’s government
Authors:   Diplomatic academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia, Moscow, Potapov Yu. B.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the main foreign policy priorities of the government of Iran headed by President E. Raisi and its activities in achieving these goals in the fi rst year of its existence. It is emphasized that the ongoing changes in this area do not fundamentally change Iran's foreign policy, the main purpose of which is to ensure favorable foreign policy and foreign economic conditions for the functioning of the Islamic State and for Iran's transformation into a regional center of power. President E. Raisi declared that Iran's main foreign policy priorities are "relations with neighboring states" and "multilateral economic integration." In regional policy, the priority is the development of cooperation along the so-called "axis of resistance", namely, the establishment of strong ties between Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon under the auspices of offi cial Tehran. The above-mentioned "axis of resistance", in fact, is a mechanism for multilateral political and economic regional integration in Western Asia, which is designed not only to strengthen political ties and promote the formation of an anti-American and anti-Israeli bloc, but also to allow Iran, under Western sanctions, to signifi cantly increase the volume of its economic cooperation with the above-mentioned countries. The Afghan issue also occupies an important place in the foreign policy activities of the Iranian Government, which is interested in resolving the Afghan crisis and is taking steps to prevent a new wave of Afghan refugees, the growth of drug and arms smuggling into its country, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to resume and expand economic cooperation with Kabul. Another priority direction of the foreign policy of the new government of Iran is the Asian track. The Government of President E. Raisi seeks to build and intensify Iran's political and economic strategic cooperation on a long-term basis with such friendly and influential states as Russia and China.
Iniciativas ecológicas y medioambientales. Una experiencia desde el abordaje en la esfera educativa superior
Authors: López Brunet Ana Luisa
Published: August 2022

El problema ambiental es una realidad que, a diario, es abordada por las graves consecuencias que ha traído consigo al equilibrio de la naturaleza, siendo esto producto del desarrollo industrial, la contaminación, el uso indebido de residuos sólidos, la mala práctica energética, por mencionar algunos. Este panorama exige la búsqueda del equilibrio entre el hombre y el medio ambiente, siendo esto posible si se implementa una verdadera educación ambiental, ya que al desarrollar estrategias que permitan obtener una conciencia ambiental, se establecería una relación distinta entre las personas y su entorno ambiental. Con base a esta inquietud surge como objetivo de estudio analizar las iniciativas ecológicas y medio ambientales como una experiencia desde la educación superior. Se apoyó en una investigación de diseño de campo, se aplicó como instrumento un guion de entrevista a 20 docentes del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Espíritu Santo, con condición de Universitario de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se concluyó que  mediante los programas ambientales incorporados en las mallas de las carreras, en futuros rediseño, se puede implementar una verdadera educación ambiental, ya que al desarrollar estrategias que permitan obtener una conciencia ambiental, además de despertar la protección hacia la naturaleza, promueve valores como la justicia y el respeto hacia los ecosistemas. Lo que confluye en impulsar diagnósticos en las localidades cercanas donde se ubica las instituciones educativas, para estar atentos de cualquier evento contaminante y con base a los resultados, elaborar programas bien de naturaleza preventiva, o de abordaje.
Legal status of the actors of the experimental legal regimes (regulatory sandboxes) in Russia
Authors: Davydova Marina L , Makarov Vladislav O
Published: August 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar el estatus legal de los actores en los regímenes legales experimentales rusos (cajas de arena regulatorias). Esta investigación analiza categorías de actores de regímenes legales experimentales (sandboxes regulatorios), según lo dispuesto por la legislación rusa actual. Distingue dos grupos principales de actores según su rol en los regímenes legales experimentales (sandboxes regulatorios). La metodología de investigación se basa en la lógica formal, el análisis sistémico y estructural, y la interpretación de las normas legales. El estudio distinguió dos grupos de actores de regímenes jurídicos experimentales (sandboxes regulatorios): actores participantes y actores reguladores. El primer grupo incluye iniciadores, contendientes, sujetos y participantes. Este último comprende los organismos reguladores y autorizados, la organización de la comunidad empresarial, las autoridades de coordinación y el Banco de Rusia. La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el estatus legal de los actores de regímenes legales experimentales (sandboxes regulatorios), una institución previamente desconocida en Rusia. Proporciona una descripción de los sujetos involucrados en el establecimiento de un sandbox regulatorio, según lo dispuesto por la legislación nacional, y hace una distinción entre los actores participantes y reguladores.
Analisis Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) Kota Medan
Authors: Juliana Tanti , Isnaini Isnaini , Hartono Budi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the performance of employees and their obstacles at the Medan City Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK). The research method used is descriptive using a qualitative method that focuses on the process, description of the analysis. To determine the current performance of the Medan City Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK), the researcher chose to use the 5 dimensions of employee performance proposed by Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara, namely work quality, work quantity, work discipline, initiative and responsibility. The quality of work is still low in terms of receiving complaints and consulting. The work quantity has not been maximized. The work discipline of employees has not gone according to what the community expects. Employees have good initiative in carrying out their duties. The responsibility of employees for all aspects related to the tasks carried out is quite good although there are still various improvements that must be made.
Hubungan Kebermaknaan Hidup dengan Resiliensi pada Remaja di Panti Asuhan Bani Adam-As Medan
Authors: Effendi Fitri Adeinsani , Haryati Endang
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find the correlation between the meaning of life and resilience in adolescents at the Bani Adam-As orphanage. This study uses a quantitative approach. The subjects in this study were orphanage adolescents aged 16-18 years. This study used purposive sampling as the sampling technique, which technique is based on specific considerations, so the sample amount to 52 adolescents. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a positive correlation between the meaning of life and resilience. The data collection technique used the Likert scale. Data analysis using product moment analysis. Based on the analysis that has been done, there is a coefficient value (Rxy) of 0.693 with p = 0.000 <0.050. The result shows that the hypothesis in this study is "accepted", means that there is a positive and significant correlation between the meaningfulness of life and resilience in adolescents, which shows that the higher the meaningfulness of life, the higher the resilience, and vice versa, the lower the meaningfulness of life, the lower the resilience. The coefficient of determination of the correlation is r₂ = 0.480, which means that the meaningfulness of life contributes to resilience by 48 percent, while the rest is determined by other aspects not examined in this study. The meaning of life in this study is high because (hypothetical mean = 60 < empirical mean = 71.63), whereas resilience in this study is high because (hypothetical mean = 57.5 < empirical mean = 68, 25).
Penyalahgunaan Akun Instagram Perihal Penipuan Jual Beli Secara Online Ditinjau dari UU ITE dan Pasal 378 KUHP tentang Penipuan
Authors: Sudin Putri Prameswari , Magdalena Roria , Priowirjanto Enni Soerjati , Soeikromo Deasy
Published: August 2022

This article aims to find out about the misuse of social media to commit criminal acts of fraud. The problem is focused on how to avoid online buying and selling scams. Data were collected through secondary data sources. This scientific article aims to determine the regulation of forms of fraud in online transactions, especially on Instagram media. This research uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials research methods. The analytical technique used is to use deductive thinking patterns, namely a way of thinking on basic principles. This study concludes that Based on the foregoing description, the conclusion is that legal arrangements regarding criminal acts of fraud are generally regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, namely regarding acts of benefiting oneself or others by violating the law by using a false name or false dignity by deceit or by using false names. a series of lies that move other people to hand over something to him or to give debts or write off receivables is different from online fraud which is specifically regulated in article 28 paragraph (1) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended into Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), namely the act of intentionally and without rights spreading false and misleading news that results in consumer losses in Electronic Transactions onic.
Tratamento das disfunções temporomandibulares com estimulação por laser nos pontos de acupuntura
Authors: Castro Kelly Christyne Miranda Pereira de , Isoldi Mauro Cesar
Published: August 2022

Disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) consistem em um conjunto de alterações da face, abrangendo a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), com quadro álgico e/ou inflamatório. O tratamento baseia-se na utilização de diversas classes de medicamentos para alívio dos sintomas, os quais podem causar efeitos adversos. Assim, torna-se necessário utilizar um tratamento não medicamentoso como a acupuntura, cuja eficácia no alívio dos sintomas das DTMs já foi descrita anteriormente. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da laseracupuntura, buscando avaliar o efeito na melhora da função da ATM e no alívio da dor e gerar protocolos de tratamento com esta prática. Foram recrutadas 13 participantes mulheres que finalizaram as análises requeridas. Foram realizadas 12 sessões de tratamento, uma vez por semana. Os pontos de acupuntura utilizados para aplicação do laser foram Taiyang, ID19, E6, IG4, F3, PC6 e VB34. Realizou-se as análises estatísticas considerando 5% de significância no grupo tratado, com alterações positivas nos seguintes parâmetros: 1) aumento na abertura bucal após 12 sessões de tratamento e 2) redução nos níveis da Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA) após 12 sessões de tratamento. Esses achados sugerem o uso eficaz e seguro da laseracupuntura para tratamento das DTMs.
Catalytic performance of zirconia-supported oxides (Nb2O5, SiO2 and WO3) in ethanol upgrading: influence of acid-base properties
Authors: Laird Mathilde Marie Catherine , Pereira Victoria Gonçalves Ferreira , Da Silva Marcos Anacleto , Lopes Felipe da Silva , Pacheco Henrique Poltronieri , Rodrigues Clarissa Perdomo , Toniolo Fabio Souza
Published: August 2022

We present a study of ethanol upgrading on zirconia-based metal oxides including commercial SiO2/ZrO2, WO3/ZrO2, pure zirconia catalysts and a Nb2O5/ZrO2 catalyst obtained by wet impregnation. Chemical composition, crystallographic features, textural and acid-base properties (NH3 and CO2 temperature programmed desorption) were determined. Reactivity of the catalysts was investigated by temperature programmed surface reaction and isothermal catalytic tests. Catalyst performance was strongly dependent on the acid-base properties which favored the ethanol dehydration to ethylene. All modified zirconia-base catalysts yielded C3 and C4 compounds above 623 K. This study consequently emphasizes the preponderant role of both acid and basic site in the formation of higher products from ethanol.
Comprehensive in silico analysis of the TDP-43 protein variants related to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Loureiro Juliana Pereira , Pereira Gabriel Rodrigues Coutinho , Bloise Leonardo Cardoso da Silva , Salerno José Alexandre de Carvalho , Silvestre Vinicius Abrantes , De Mesquita Joelma Freire
Published: August 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a highly disabling neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of voluntary motor activity. ALS is currently the most frequent adult-onset motor neuron disorder, which is associated with a major economic burden. Two drugs have already been approved to treat ALS, but they confer a limited survival benefit. In turn, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early-onset and fatal dementia characterized by deficits in behavior, language, and executive function. FTD is the most frequent cause of pre-senile dementia after Alzheimer's. Currently, FTD has no cure and the available treatments are merely symptomatic. Missense mutations in TDP-43, a nuclear RNA/DNA-binding protein, are among the main causes associated with ALS and FTD. Nonetheless, most of these mutations are not yet characterized. To date, no complete three-dimensional structure has already been determined for TDP-43. In this work, we characterized the impact of missense mutations in TDP-43 using prediction algorithms, evolutionary conservation analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). We also performed structural modeling and validation of the TDP-43 protein. Two hundred and seven TDP-43 mutations were compiled from the databases and literature. The predictive analysis pointed to a moderate rate of deleterious and destabilizing mutations. Furthermore, most mutations occur at evolutionarily variable positions. Combining the predictive analyses into a penalty system, our findings suggested that the uncharacterized mutations Y43C, D201Y, F211S, I222T, K224N, A260D, P262T, and A321D are considered the most-likely deleterious, thus being important targets for future investigation. This work also provided an accurate, complete, and unprecedented three-dimensional structure for TDP-43 that can be used to identify and optimize potential drug candidates. At last, our MD findings pointed to a noticeable flexibility increase in functional domains upon K263E, G335D, M337V, and Q343R variants, which may cause non-native interactions and impaired TDP-43 recognition, ultimately leading to protein aggregation.
Kalanchoe klopperae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a Southern African Species Newly Distinguished from K. rotundifolia
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela
Published: August 2022

The recent reinstatement of Kalanchoe decumbens Compton as well as the description of K. waterbergensis van Jaarsv. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) necessitate a reassessment of the circumscription of K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw., thus far the morphologically most diverse kalanchoe indigenous to southern Africa. Material with bright green, generally orbicular to slightly obovate leaves that hitherto has been included in K. rotundifolia is here split off from the latter. The name K. klopperae Gideon F. Sm. & Figueiredo is published for this material.
Current and Novel Emerging Medical Therapies for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Arabzadeh AmirAhmad , Faghfuri Elnaz , Razi Soofiyani Saiedeh , Dalir Abdolahinia Elaheh , Siapush Samaneh , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Shahrami Bita , Asghariazar Vahid , Pahlavan Yasamin
Published: August 2022

Despite the improvements in endovascular techniques during the last decades, there is still an increase in the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with limited practical treatment, which timeline impact of any intervention for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is poor. Most common treatments are not suitable for many patients due to their underlying diseases, including aging and diabetes. On the one hand, there are limitations for current therapies due to the contraindications of some individuals, and on the other hand, there are many side effects caused by common medications, for instance, anticoagulants. Therefore, novel treatment strategies like regenerative medicine, cell-based therapies, Nano-therapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy, besides other traditional drugs combination therapy for PAD, are newly considered promising therapy. Genetic material encoding for specific proteins concludes with a potential future for developed treatments. Novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis directly used the angiogenetic factors originating from key biomolecules such as genes, proteins, or cell-based therapy to induce blood vessel formation in adult tissues to initiate the recovery process in the ischemic limb. As PAD is associated with high mortality and morbidity of patients causing disability, considering the limited treatment choices for these patients, developing new treatment strategies to prevent PAD progression and extending life expectancy, and preventing threatening complications is urgently needed. This review aims to introduce the current and the novel strategies for PAD treatment that lead to new challenges for relief the patient’s suffered from the disorder.
Cefazolin-Loaded Double-Shelled Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles/Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Composites: A Delivery Vehicle for Regenerative Purposes
Authors: Karimi Negar , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen , Hanafi-Bojd Mohammad Yahya , Alemzadeh Esmat
Published: August 2022

Purpose: As important challenges in burn injuries, infections often lead to delayed and incomplete healing. Wound infections with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are other challenges in the management of wounds. Hence, it can be critical to synthesize scaffolds that are highly potential for loading and delivering antibiotics over long periods. Methods: Double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DSH-MSNs) were synthesized and loaded with cefazolin. Cefazolin-loaded DSH-MSNs (Cef*DSH-MSNs) were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) to prepare a nanofiber-mediated drug release system. Their biological properties were assessed through antibacterial activity, cell viability, and qRT-PCR. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and nanofibers were also characterized. Results: The double-shelled hollow structure of DSH-MSNs demonstrated a high loading capacity of cefazolin (51%). According to in vitro findings, the Cef*DSH-MSNs embedded in polycaprolactone nanofibers (Cef*DSH-MSNs/PCL) provided a slow release for cefazolin. The release of cefazolin from Cef*DSH-MSNs/PCL nanofibers inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The high viability rate of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in contact with PCL and DSH-MSNs/PCL was indicative of the biocompatibility of nanofibers. Moreover, gene expression results confirmed changes in keratinocyte-related differentiation genes in hADSCs cultured on the DSH-MSNs/PCL nanofibers with the up-regulation of involucrin. Conclusion: The high drug-loading capacity of DSH-MSNs presents these nanoparticles as suitable vehicles for drug delivery. In addition, the use of Cef*DSH-MSNs/PCL can be an effective strategy for regenerative purposes.
New Prospective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Phosphorylated Oxazole Derivatives in Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Nizhenkovska Iryna V. , Matskevych Kateryna V. , Golovchenko Oksana I. , Golovchenko Oleksandr V. , Kustovska Antonina D. , Van Mikhaeel
Published: August 2022

Purpose: One of the promising chemical groups for the development of new antihypertensive medicines, the action of which is associated with the inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) activity, are phosphorylated oxazole derivatives (OVPs). This study aimed to prove experimentally the presence of the OVPs antihypertensive effect associated with decreasing of PDE activity and to justify its molecular mechanism. Methods: An experimental study of the effect of OVPs on phosphodiesterase activity was performed on Wistar rats. Determination of PDE activity was performed by fluorimetric method using umbelliferon in blood serum and organs. The docking method was used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of the antihypertensive action of OVPs with PDE3. Results: The introduction of OVP-1 50 mg/kg, as a leader compound, led to the restoration of PDE activity in the aorta, heart and serum of rats with hypertension to the values observed in the intact group. This may indicate the possibility of the development of vasodilating action of OVPs by the influence of the latter on the increase in cGMP synthesis due to inhibition of PDE activity. The calculated results of molecular docking of ligands OVPs to the active site of PDE3 showed that all test compounds have a common type of complexation due to phosphonate groups, piperidine rings, side and terminal phenyl and methylphenyl groups. Conclusion: The analysis of the obtained results both in vivo and in silico showed that phosphorylated oxazole derivatives represent a new platform for further studies as phosphodiesterase III inhibitors with antihypertensive activity.
Mass Testing and Verbal Screening to Control COVID-19 Pandemic: The Second Phase of National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19
Authors: Kazemi Elaheh , Raeisi Alireza , Akhtardanesh Nima , Rezanejad Asl Parisa , Shirzadi Zahra , Aghamohamadi Saeedeh , Farrokhi Babak , Mirab Samiee Siamak , Ghalehei Saeid , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh
Published: August 2022

Background. As an emerging disease, COVID-19 is considered more than just a health crisis, as it socially affects communities. Therefore, community-oriented solutions via the primary healthcare system can better manage and control this pandemic. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and the Deputy Minister of Public Health executive branch, played an influential role in controlling the epidemic with community-based and network-based interventions in the National Mobilization Plan against COVID-19. Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to assess the second step of the National Mobilization Plan (NMP) against COVID-19. The data were extracted from the portal of the Network Management Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CLIS system, Reference Health Laboratory, and electronic record systems of the public health networks of all universities across the country from April 11 to August 10, 2020, and was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results. During the second phase, healthcare providers screened more than 42 million people. About 98.4% of this population were diagnosed with no symptoms, and 0.4% were referred to the selected COVID-19 comprehensive health centers for examination and medical procedures. Of all the direct and referred patients of the selected COVID-19 comprehensive health centers, 55.3% had no problems, 37.8% needed to be tested, 3.6% needed to be referred to a hospital, and 3.3% received outpatient care. In the first days of laboratory screening, 11% of PCR tests were positive. By the end of the second step of the NMP against COVID-19, this rate had increased to 25%. Conclusion. In times of crisis and epidemic conditions, the health network system, and the primary healthcare providers can effectively manage outpatients and reduce the burden of hospitalization. Only 3.6% of outpatients in the network system were referred to hospitals. The rest were cared for and followed up by the primary health care providers. Therefore, strengthening the network system structure and primary health care should be further considered.
Provision of Disrupted Essential Health Services during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Third Phase of National Mobilization against COVID-19
Authors: Sadegh Tabrizi Jafar , Khosravi Ardeshir , Raeisi Alireza , Ataey Amin , Atefi Azizolah , Farrokhi Babak , Kazemeini Hossein , Koosha Elaheh , Dormiani Azadeh , Rashidian Elham
Published: August 2022

Background. COVID-19 is a global pandemic and has plagued many countries with unprecedented management problems. The rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world has reduced the ability of countries to address and respond to essential health services. Most countries have taken steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and improve essential services. The National Mobilization Plan (NMP) against COVID-19 in Iran’s healthcare system was implemented in 5 stages until September 2021. This study aimed to assess and review medical universities' performance in the third step of management and control of COVID-19 to provide documents and reports to be used in similar experiences. Methods. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from electronic records at the primary health care facilities and were analyzed and reported using descriptive statistical methods, including comparative tables and graphs. In order to prepare the report, Excel 2016 software was used. The third step of the NMP against COVID-19 was implemented from August 10, 2020, to November 10, 2020. In this step, while re-emphasizing the importance and necessity of verbal and laboratory screening of COVID-19, essential health services provision was highlighted as "in-person and remote services" for the covered population. Results. In the third step of national mobilization, 59,109,413 people were screened for COVID-19. During the third step, non-COVID essential services increased compared to the previous three months, with the most significant increase in middle-aged care. Conclusion. Implementing the third step of NMP against COVID-19 in Iran increased the healthcare service delivery to all target groups, indicating the effectiveness of the third step in the fight against COVID-19 and the provision of Essential Health Services.
Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Zafardoust Hooman , Razzaghi Alireza , Soleimanpour Hassan , Mehdipour Robab , Saadati Mohammad , Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh
Published: August 2022

Background. This systematic review evaluated the studies conducted on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) due to COVID-19 vaccination to clarify any possible connections and the type of vaccines causing GBS. Methods. A comprehensive search was performed on July 2021 through MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to detect published and unpublished papers. Our PICO was all COVID-19 vaccinated individuals as the population, COVID-19 vaccines as the intervention, and patients experiencing GBS following COVID-19 vaccination as the outcome. Critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute case series or case report were used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Results. In the present systematic review, 12 case reports and case series including 21 patients were assessed. More than half of the patients were male, and the mean age of male patients was lower than females. In terms of vaccine type, the most common kind of vaccine injected was Oxford/AstraZeneca, and all the cases except one patient had received only one dose of the vaccine. Regarding the interval between receiving the vaccine and the onset of GBS symptoms, the mean duration was 14 days. The lowest mean time interval between receiving the vaccine and the onset of symptoms of GBS was related to the unnamed vector-based COVID-19 vaccine, and the highest was associated with Oxford/AstraZeneca. Conclusion. Through this systematic review of case reports, we neither attempt to establish nor rule out a causal link between the COVID-19 vaccine and GBS, because such a link requires extensive case-control studies. However, we must highlight any events that may occur following the injection of existing vaccines. Practical Implications. The most common symptoms seen in patients experiencing GBS after vaccination included progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, paresthesia, numbness of limbs, generalized body aches, and back pain.
The effect of ovariectomy on hemodynamic functions and the level of nitric oxide metabolites in the heart of rats
Authors: Yousefzadeh Nasibeh , Jeddi Sajad , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: August 2022

Background. A higher prevalence of cardiovascular disorders has been observed in women after menopause. This study aimed to determine the long-term effects of ovariectomy on hemodynamic functions and the level of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in the heart tissue of ovariectomized rats. Methods. Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n=7 in each group) of control and ovariectomized (OVX). OVX rat model was induced using the two dorsolateral skin incision method. Cardiac hemodynamic function indices, including the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), peak rate of positive changes in the left ventricular pressure (+dp/dt), and peak rate of negative changes in the left ventricular pressure (-dp/dt) were measured at the time of systole in hearts after 11 months of the ovariectomy. Serum and left ventricular levels of NOx were measured at the end of the study. Results. At the end of the study, OVX rats had lower LVDP (19%, P=0.001), +dp/dt (30%, P<0.001) and -dp/dt (23%, P=0.004) than control group. In addition, the OVX group had lower serum NOx levels (30%, P=0.021) compared to the control group; heart tissue NOx was also lower by 31% in the OVX rats, but it was not statistically significant (P=0.056). Conclusion. Long-term ovariectomy disrupts cardiac hemodynamic function in ovariectomized rats, which is associated with decreased NOx levels in serum. Practical Implications. Our findings indicated impaired cardiac function following long-term estrogen deficiency in OVX rats. These results can be used to prevent and treat the cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. However, these results need to be confirmed in humans.
Mobile-Based Customers Management System in Ayunadi Supermarket
Authors: Ginantra Ni Luh Wiwik Sri Rahayu , Asana I Made Dwi Putra , Parwita Wayan Gede Suka , Eriana I Wayan Eka
Published: August 2022

Ayunadi Swalayan is one of the retail companies that still relies on offline stores as the product marketing medium which makes Ayunadi Swalayan has difficulty in promoting their product to the customers. Ayunadi Swalayan needs the member data as well as the transaction data done by the members in order to convey the promotion. Furthermore, Ayunadi also needs an online product marketing medium which can make them able to compete with other more advanced retail companies. From those problems, therefore, it is needed to build a system that can manage the member data and the member transaction data as well as a medium to promote the product and convey the promotions to the customers. The system built is a mobile-based items ordering application by utilizing the push notification feature to convey the promotions, meanwhile the data such as the member data and the member transaction data are managed through the website. The testing method of the system are: (1) black-box testing method, (2) compatibility method, and (3) portability method. According to the result of the carried-out testing, it shown that the system built are able to manage the member data, the transaction member data, including sending the promotional messages and creating reports through the website. Meanwhile, the mobile application is able to run the items ordering process and receive the promotional messages which are sent through the website
POTENSI EMISI GRK DARI SEKTOR PETERNAKAN DESA CIKALONG,KAB. BANDUNG BARAT TAHUN 2016-2021
Authors: Artiningrum Tati , Havianto Citra Artifiani
Published: August 2022

Salah satu sektor yang berkontribusi dalam peningkatan pemanasan global adalah limbah peternakan yang diantaranya berasal dari kotoran hewan. Sumbangan emsinya diantaranya berasal dari gas metana (CH4), dinitrogen oksida (N2O), karbon dioksida (CO2), dan amonia yang dapat menimbulkan hujan asam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sumbangan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dari sektor peternakan tahun 2016 sampai 2021 pada tempat penampungan hewan berupa penggemukan sapi perah dan sapi potong di Desa Kecamatan, Cikalong Wetan, Kabupaten Barat. Penelitian ini mengunakan metodenya survei lapangan dan study literatur untuk memperoleh data primer serta data sekunder berupa populasi ternak dan pengelolaan limbahnya. Data diolah dengan mengunakan metoda Tier I dari IPCC. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa Tahun 2016 Desa Cikalong memberikan sumbangan emisi sebesar 2610,55 ton CO2- eq/tahun meningkat hingga 3632,16 ton CO2-eq/tahun pada Tahun 2019 yang didominasi oleh CH4 dari fermentasi enterik
Capacitación a partidos políticos en tiempos de pandemia, retos y desafíos de los nuevos espacios de aprendizaje
Authors: Gutiérrez Barboza Jennifer
Published: August 2022

La declaración de la pandemia por COVID-19 por parte Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 30 de enero de 2020, y el reporte del primer caso positivo en el país en marzo del 2020 motivaron la implementación de una serie de medidas sanitarias dirigidas a controlar y mitigar la trasmisión del virus en la población. Las disposiciones adoptadas significaron para las instituciones un reto al tener que reinventar la forma en que brindaban sus servicios desde distintos ámbitos, y el electoral no fue la excepción. El objetivo del artículo es presentar el proceso teórico-metodológico que implementó el Instituto de Formación y Estudios en Democracia para garantizar a los partidos políticos la capacitación de cara a las elecciones nacionales del 6 de febrero de 2022, ante el nuevo escenario mediado por la pandemia.
El crecimiento de las candidaturas presidenciales
en Costa Rica (1986-2022)
Authors: Cuitiño Burone Carlos
Published: August 2022

Costa Rica ha mantenido desde 1986 un total de candidaturas por elección que excede el número esperado en la competencia por el cargo uninominal de presidente/a. Este número ha entrado en alza pos-1998 cuando se agravaron las dificultades de coordinación desde la oferta y la demanda. El presente trabajo analiza las elecciones desde 1986 a 2022, y explora algunas dimensiones que dan cuenta del origen y desarrollo de dicho exceso y sus efectos en el sistema de partidos. Como argumento se sostiene que la caída del bipartidismo acentuó el crecimiento del número de candidaturas (nominales y efectivas), lo que llevó al actual contexto donde se han presentado 25 candidaturas para las elecciones presidenciales de 2022
Theoretical framework and comparative analysis of Cuba, Venezuela, Russia, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, China
Authors: Fossatti Fabio
Published: August 2022

The models of autocracy promotion are four: a) Military intervention, through a war. b) Economic blackmail: by applying negative sanctions to pro-West democratizing regimes: trade or investments’ sanctions, and cuts to economic or military aid. c) Rewards: by positive sanctions to authoritarian or hybrid regimes, through diplomatic pressure, military and economic assistance. d) Spontaneous emulation: an authoritarian state is a cultural, economic, political and military model for other non-democratic regimes, that autonomously follow the leader. A rigid autocracy promotion is based on the support of only authoritarian regimes, while in a flexible relation there is the possibility of a ‘B plan’, by promoting hybrid regimes too. Hard power relations are anchored to direct military interventions, while soft power is based on emulation, diplomatic, economic, indirect military inducements and blackmails. The cases under review in this issue are: China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Cuba and Venezuela.
L’autocracy promotion dell’Arabia Saudita
Authors: Morelli Giulia
Published: August 2022

Partendo dal concetto di Autocracy Promotion sviluppato da Fossati (2022), vengono analizzati due conflitti, quello in Yemen e quello in Bahrein. Considerate le varie tappe di entrambi i conflitti, vengono ricostruite le modalità di intervento dell’attore principale, cioè l’Arabia Saudita, e del suo antagonista storico, l’Iran.
AUDIT IN SURGICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY: STUDY OF PREANALYTICAL AND ANALYTICAL PHASES
Authors: Agarwal Kiran , Singh Smita , Suman Neha
Published: August 2022

An audit provides information about the conformance to required standards, assesses their implementation, and provides corrective actions to improve quality. Surgical histopathology includes biopsy, small and large organ resections. Audit of a surgical histopathology laboratory allows improving the overall performance and better patient care. Aims: To evaluate preanalytic and analytic phases of surgical histopathology. Materials and methods: Biopsy, small resections and large organ resections received in histopathology were categorized as I, II and III, respectively. A manual audit was done for the preanalytic phase (patient details, adequacy of clinical information, specimen and grossing adequacy) and analytic phase (tissue section quality, special stains, immunohistochemistry and turnaround time (TAT). Results: Among 540 total cases, category I, II and III had 56.8%, 29.8% and 13.3% cases, respectively. Category I had maximum number of cases with inadequate clinical details and specimen inadequacy, however shortest TAT was seen in most of these cases. Category II had maximum cases with inadequate grossing followed by category III. Longest TAT was observed in category III. Conclusions: The present study was a manual audit and most of the quality indicators were achieved in accordance with the international standards. Corrective actions were suggested to further improve the quality and better patient care.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL LIPSTICK USING ROSA 'MISTER LINCOLN'
Authors: Datri A Sai , Rao A Lakshmana , Vinayaki M B.D.V , Md Zakir , M Sri Snigdhanjani , N Pavani
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to synthesis a lipstick with natural color pigment - anthocyanin which extracted from Rosa 'Mister Lincoln' and studies its color stability during storage period. Materials and Methods: Different organic ingredients such as beeswax, Shreeji Wax, vanilla essence, castor oil, olive oil, lemon juice and Anthocyanin extracted from Rosa 'Mister Lincoln' was used for the formulation of herbal lipstick. Results: The Physico-chemical properties of the synthesized lipstick such as spreadability, skin irritation test, and breaking point, surface anomalies, melting point, and perfume stability, homogeneity and color uniformity were determined and compared with commercial lipsticks. The stability of the synthesized lipstick found to be stable under dark condition while color loss was greater for lipstick in light condition. Conclusion: Due to the low pigmentation from method, Anthocyanin is suggested incorporate in to lip balm application. This study has proven that Anthocyanin could replace synthetic dye in cosmetics industry for lip balm application.