bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De stand van de stelselherziening: met een nieuw kabinet op weg naar inwerkingtreding
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco)
Published: April 2022

De stand van de stelselherziening: met een nieuw kabinet op weg naar inwerkingtreding

In deze bijdrage gaat auteur in op de datum van inwerkingtreding van de Omgevingswet. Duidelijkheid over de datum van inwerkingtreding is voor de uitvoeringspraktijk van belang en het is dan ook cruciaal dat het parlement met de voorgenomen datum instemt. Hij belicht het proces van de parlementaire behandeling en het wettelijke kader en geeft een doorkijkje naar de technische vervolgbesluiten over de inwerkingtreding. Tot slot geeft hij een overzicht van de in het nieuwe coalitieakkoord opgenomen ambities die betrekking hebben op de fysieke leefomgeving.
التنبؤ بالمعدلات الشهرية لدرجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى في مدينة بغداد بأستخدام الشبكة العصبية المتعددة الطبقات
Authors: عبد العزيز بثينة , الوكيل خولة
Published: April 2022

يهدف البحث الى التنبؤ بالمعدلات الشهرية لدرجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى لمحطة بغداد الانوائية باستخدام الشبكة العصبية المتعددة الطبقات وقد تعامل البحث مع مشكلتين رئيسيتين في تحديد هيكلية الشبكة وهما تحديد عددعقد الادخال, وتحديد العقد المخفية في الطبقة, ولقد اوضحت النتائج المستخرجة اهمية وكفاءة الشبكة من خلال الاختيار المناسب لعدد عقد الادخال وعدد العقد المخفية في الطبقة باستخدام المقاييس الاحصائية AICc ,BIC ,AIC . وقد تم تقديرالمعدلات الشهرية لدرجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى لسنة 2013 باستخدام النماذج المختارة ومقارنتها بالقيم الحقيقية المقاسة في محطة بغداد وبالاعتماد على المقاييس PMC, MDE ,MSE ومن ثم تم اختيار النموذج الافضل لحساب التنبؤات المستقبلية لهذه الدرجات لسنة 2014 .
التزام المصارف العراقية بالسرية المصرفية بحث تطبيقي في عينة من المصارف العراقية
Authors: حمد محمد , عالوي حسنين
Published: April 2022

يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على واقع تطبيق إجراءات السرية المصرفية في المصارف العراقية والقوانين العراقية بكل ما تحتويه من أحكام قانونية خاصة بالسرية المصرفية بالشكل الذي يجعلها واضحة قدر الإمكان للمستفيد، وافترض البحث أربع فرضيات تخص السرية المصرفية وهي عدم وجود إجراءات معيارية تبين كيفية الالتزام بالسرية المصرفية، الإجراءات الفعلية المتخذة من قبل المصارف غير كافية، وانعدام دور الجهات الرقابية الداخلية والخارجية في مراقبة مدى التزام المصرف بالسرية المصرفية، ولا يوجد وعي وتدريب كافي لموظفي المصارف بما يتعلق بالسرية المصرفية، والتعرف على مدى وجود وعي وتدريب كافي لموظفي المصارف العراقية بما يتعلق بالسرية المصرفية، واعد الباحثان قائمة فحص قسمت إلى أربع محاور كل محور يمثل فرضية من فرضيات البحث بشكل يمكن معه التأكد من صحة أو عدم صحة الفرضيات، وشملت عينة البحث ثمانية مصارف أربع حكومية وأربع أهلية، وأهم استنتاجات البحث تمثلت بدعم صحة الفرضيات، واهم التوصيات التي اقترحها البحث هو إصدار قانون خاص بالسرية المصرفية يجمع ويوضح أحكامها القانونية والإجراءات المطلوب اتخاذها من المصارف، وتفعيل دور الجهات الرقابية، وإيجاد دورات توعية وتدريب بمبدأ السرية المصرفية.
العلاقة بين البيئة الداخلية للمنظمة والميزه التنافسية دراسة ميدانية في الشركة العامة للمعدات الكهربائية
Authors: حسين ضياء , جبر نهى
Published: April 2022

يسعى البحث الى تحديد العلاقة (علاقة الارتباط ) بين البيئة الداخلية للمنظمة والميزة التنافسية في الشركة العامة للمعدات الكهربائية. ان اهتمام الشركة بمكونات بيئتها الداخلية وايصال ميزتها التنافسية يسهم في امكانية تقديمها لشيء منفرد يمكن من خلاله للمنظمة الفوز على منافسيها الاخرين ومن ثم تحقيق النجاح والبقاء والنمو في عالم الاعمال. وبشكل عام يحاول البحث الاجابة على التساؤلات التالية:1.هل هناك تصور واضح لدى المدراء في الشركة قيد البحث عن مفهوم وابعاد البيئة الداخلية للشركة ؟2.هل هناك تصور واضح لدى المدراء في الشركة قيد البحث عن مفهوم وابعاد الميزة التنافسية للشركة ؟3.ما طبيعة العلاقة (علاقة الارتباط) بين ابعاد البيئة الداخلية وابعاد الميزة التنافسية في الشركة؟ واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لقياس ابعاد البحث في الشركة المبحوثة , واستعملت عدة وسائل احصائية , وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة استنتاجات اهمها ان الشركة لم تستطع ان تقدم منتج ذات ميزة تنافسية بسبب جملة المشاكل التي تعاني منها ،كما انها تواجه منافسة عالية بسبب سيطرة المنتج الاجنبي في السوق ولم تعمل على معالجة هذا الموضوع لحد الان 0واعتمادا على الاستنتاجات فقد قدمت مجموعة من التوصيات التي تخدم اغراضها والتي كان من ضمنها ضرورة قيام الشركة قيد البحث بتقديم الخدمات المتنوعة والمتطورة بشكل اكثر تنوعا واقل كلفة واعلى جودة من خلال الاعتماد على نظام شامل معزز بشبكة اتصالات كفوء مع الشركات العالمية المتطورة لمواكبة التطورات المتسارعة وتحقيق التفوق في جودة خدماتها.
Local Search Algorithms for Multiobjective Scheduling Problem
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Adawiya
Published: April 2022

This paper presents local search algorithms for finding approximation solutions of the multiobjective scheduling problem within the single machine context, where the problem is the sum of the three objectives total completion time, maximum tardiness and maximum late work. Late work criterion estimates the quality of a schedule based on durations of late parts of jobs. Local search algorithms descent method (DM), simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) are implemented. Based on results of computational experiments, conclusions are formulated on the efficiency of the local search algorithms.
Semi- Minimax Estimations on the Exponential Distribution Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Loss Functions
Authors: Al-Obedy Nadia
Published: April 2022

In this paper the semi-minimax estimators of the scale parameter of the exponential distribution are presented by applying the theorem of Lehmann under symmetric (quadratic) loss function and asymmetric (entropy, mlinex , precautionary) loss functions .The results of comparison between these estimators are compared empirically using Monte-Carlo simulation study with respect to the mean square error(MSE) and the mean percentage error(MPE). In general, the results showed that the semi-minimax estimator under quadratic loss function is the best estimator by MSE and MPE for all sample sizes. We can notice that, when the values of the parameters β ,θ increasing the semi-minimax estimator under quadratic loss function is the best estimator by MSE while comparison by MPE showed that the semi-minimax estimator under mlinex loss function when the value of c positive is the best, but they both get worse as α ,θ increases. Also the results showed that when α, β together increase the semi-minimax estimator under entropy loss function is the best by MSE while by MPE the semi-minimax estimator under precautionary loss function is the best estimator.
STEAMing the Ships for the Great Voyage: Design and Evaluation of a Technology integrated Maker Game
Authors: Shih Ju-Ling , Huang Shu-Hsien , Lin Chang-Hsi , Tseng Chia-Chun
Published: April 2022

This study presents an interdisciplinary learning model that puts students in a historical context, in which they have to apply their knowledge of history, geography, math, physics, mechanics and natural sciences to achieve the goal of the game. In the learning scenario, students’ critical thinking, creative thinking, computational thinking, and problem-solving abilities, as well as cooperative and competitive gaming strategies are used and enhanced. From the research results, it is evident that the “Maker Game for Great Voyage” has succeeded in the instructional design of technology-integrated game-based learning with STEAM and maker, and with the rich historical context of the Age of Discovery. Also, from pre-test and post-test evaluations and questionnaires, this research looks into students’ learning effectiveness; and through qualitative research methods, students’ group cooperative styles and competitive gaming strategies are analyzed in terms of students’ personality traits.
Spike timing neural network model of conscious visual perception
Authors: Koprinkova Petia , Nedelcheva Simona
Published: April 2022

The aim of the paper is to investigate the influence of thalamo-cortical connectivity on the conscious perception of visual stimuli. We conducted simulation experiments changing the key parameters of our spike timing neural network model of visual perception and decision making that are supposed to be related to conscious perception, namely bottom-up and top-down connections between thalamic relay, including Thalamic reticulate nucleus (TRN) and Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and primary visual cortex (V1). The model output, that is perceptual based decision in the lateral intrapareital (LIP) area of the brain for left or right saccade generation, was observed. Conclusions about the influence of altered key parameters on the ability of our model to take proper decision were commented in respect to the observed activity in the brain areas responsible for conscious visual perception and decision making.
The Relationship of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) Expression to Clinicopathologic Factors of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Herlina  , Maulani Heni , Apriyani Nursanti
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common subtype among thyroid cancers. The interaction between cancer cells and tumormicroenvironment plays roles in cancer proliferation and invasiveness. One of important components of tumor microenvironmentthat could stimulate tumor proliferation and invasiveness is activated fibroblast, known as carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs).The aim of this research is to analysed FAP expression is associated with clinicopathologic characteristics.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive observational study with serial cases design was conducted in 40 samples of the paraffin blocks oftissues registered in Department of Anantomical Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Sriwijaya/Dr. Moh. Hoesin PalembangHospital from January 1st, 2017 to October 31st, 2019. All samples were immunostained with FAP antibody. The expressions of FAPwere evaluated in accordance with the results of the previous study. Statistical test was performed by using Chi-square andSpearman-rho statistical test. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 23.0.ResultsOur data indicated that patients who were ≥45 years old (21 cases; 52.5%), women (31 cases; 77.5%) suffered from this cancer themost. The stromal type found in ten classic, follicular, solid and columnar variance were pauci (25 cases; 62.6%), desmoplastic (8cases;20%), sclerosis (5 cases; 12.5%) and inflammatory (2 cases; 5%). The expression of FAP in tumor stroma has a significantcorrelation with histopathology subtypes (p=0.028) and stromal type (p=0.000).ConclusionFAP was expressed in tumor epithelial cells and fibroblast stromal tumour of papillary thyroid carcinoma. FAP expression in stromaltumor between histopathologic subtype and stromal type showed significant correlation
Relationship between Histomorphological Profile and Endoscopic Pictures of Reflux Esophagitis in Adults
Authors: Oktamia Bernanthos Intan Nevita , Handjari Diah Rini
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of GERD is very important because chronic reflux esophagitis is a major risk factor for Barrett esophagus, which is aprecursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, demographic characteristics,histomorphological profile based on Esohisto criteria and endoscopic features of reflux esophagitis in FKUI/RSCM in 2016-2018.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Anatomical Pathology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from January2016 to December 2018. Assessment criteria include demographic characteristics, histomorphological profiles, and endoscopicfeatures. Histomorphological assessment of reflux esophagitis in this study used the Esohisto criteria, by assessing basal cellhyperplasia, elevated papillae, dilated intercellular spaces and intraepithelial eosinophils. Assessment of the lesion severity isclassified as normal mucosa, mild lesion and severe lesion.ResultsThere were 65 cases of reflux esophagitis in adults over a period of 3 years in the Department of Anatomical PathologyFKUI/RSCM. Reviewing demographic data in January 2016-December 2018. The assessment criteria included demographiccharacteristics, histomorphological profiles, and endoscopic features. Histomorphological assessment of reflux esophagitis in thisstudy used the Esohisto criteria, by assessing basal cell hyperplasia, elevated papillae, dilated intercellular spaces in 65 casesfound 33 cases (50.8%) in men and 32 cases (49.2%) in women, with an average sample age of 56 years. The location of the mostlesions was distal esophagus in 30 cases (46.2%). Clinical manifestations in 13 cases (20%) were esophagitis. The most commonclinical symptoms were dysphagia in 21 cases (32.3%). Most endoscopic features were laryngopharyngeal reflux in 12 cases(18.5%), followed by grade C esophagitis in 9 cases (13.8%). The lesion severity of reflux esophagitis lesions based on Esohistocriteria found 37 cases (56.9%) mild lesion followed by severe lesion as many as 28 cases (43.1%)ConclusionThe Esohisto criteria can be used to help diagnose the lesion severity of reflux esophagitis with endoscopic pictures
Description of Leadership in the Service of Youth and Sport Tourism the City of Gorontalo
Authors: Daud Rollyn Sofyan , Akbar Muh. Firyal , Idji Rusly Abdurrahman
Published: April 2022

The good and right leadership is one of the important things in advancing the organization. Good leadership is shown from the capability and ability to control who they lead. This study aims to obtain a description of the description of leadership in the Department of Youth Tourism and Sports in the City of Gorontalo. The research method uses a qualitative approach to the type of descriptive research. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with several informants and observations and recording secondary data through searching for documents related to this research. The results of the study concluded that the Leadership in the Department of Youth Tourism and Sports in Gorontalo City was not optimal. This can be seen from the ability to make decisions, the ability to motivate, communication skills and ability to control subordinates.
Razvoj i primena Industrije 4.0 u Srbiji
Authors: Mitrović Radivoje , Majstorović Vidosav D. , Mišković Žarko
Published: April 2022

Model automatizacije tehnoloških sistema, baziran na internetu, definisan je kao koncept Industrija 4.0, 2011. godine. On predstavlja novi model povezivanja mašina i računara (sajber-fizički sistemi – SFS), njihovo umrežavanje (cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT)) i široku primenu veštačke inteligencije (AI). Ovaj koncept predstavlja model inetligentne proizvodnje (smart manufacturing), a danas govorimo o: inteligentnim vozilima (vehicles), putevima (roads), mrežama (networks), gradovima (cities), uslugama (services), ... svega. Najvažniji pravci za Srbiju u primeni I4.0 su: industrijska politika za I4.0, obrazovanje za I4.0 (visoko/srednjo-školsko obrazovanje), istraživanja za I4.0, posebno primenjena istraživanja, i spremnost SMEs za I4.0, kao i primena ovog modela u praksi. Ovaj rad daje prikaz razvoja i primene modela Industrije 4.0 u Srbiji, kroz aktivnosti Mašinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, od 2015. godine do danas
Koraci prema Industriji 4.0: hrvatska proizvodna industrija
Authors: Crnjac Žižić Marina , Mladineo Marko , Gjeldum Nikola , Aljinović Amanda , Veža Ivica
Published: April 2022

Danas Industrija 4.0 ima značajan utjecaj na proizvodnju, uzrokujući brojne promjene u tri važna segmenta: ljudi, organizacija i tehnologija. Mnoge nacionalne strategije nude smjernice za kretanje prema Industriji 4.0. Kako bi se bolje nosili s promjenama, potrebno je analizirati trenutno stanje hrvatske proizvodne industrije u odnosu na Industriju 4.0 s aspekta spomenutih segmenata. Ovo istraživanje je temeljeno na upitnicima i intervjuima pripremljenim da bi se identificirala razina zrelosti hrvatske proizvodne industrije u odnosu na Industriju 4.0, za svaki pojedini segment: ljudi, organizacija i tehnologija.Zbog jasnoće i jednostavnosti provođenja intervjua, analiza u ovom istraživanju je podijeljena u četiri geografska područja u Hrvatskoj. Uzimajući u obzir podatke prikupljene dubinskim studijama u tvornicama i rezultate analize razina zrelosti za svaki segment, predstavljeni su koraci za kretanje prema Industriji 4.0, kao važan rezultat ovog istraživanja.
Spremnost proizvodnih kompanija za Industriju 4.0: slučaj iz Slovenije, Hrvatske i Srbije
Authors: Palčić Iztok , Buchmeister Borut , Ojsteršek Robert , Kovič Klemen
Published: April 2022

Ovaj rad se bavi upotrebom naprednih proizvodnih tehnologija u tri balkanske zemlje: Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. U našem slučaju ove tehnologije su iz grupe digitalnih fabričkih tehnologija. Korištenje odabranih digitalnih fabričkih tehnologija posmatrano je očima koncepta Industrije 4.0, a mi se fokusiramo na indeks spremnosti za Industriju 4.0. Predstavljamo mogući indeks spremnosti za Industriju 4.0 i procjenjujemo spremnost Industrije 4.0 slovenačkih, hrvatskih i srbijanskih proizvodnih kompanija. Rezultati su zasnovani na uzorku od oko 300 proizvodnih kompanija, čiji su podaci dobiveni kroz izdanje Evropsko istraživanje o proizvodnji za 2018/19. Rezultati su prikazani korištenjem deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati pokazuju da je upotreba specifičnih naprednih proizvodnih tehnologija u ove tri zemlje prilično raznolika, te da je njihova spremnost za Industriju 4.0 na različitim nivoima.
Industrija Bosne i Hercegovine u okviru Industrije 4.0
Authors: Karabegović Isak
Published: April 2022

Trenutno se svijet suočava sa velikim promjenama. Istraživanja i razvoj inovacija u novim tehnologijama, brzi tempo implementacije tih inovacija i posebno digitalizacija i automatizacija, imaju glavnu ulogu u oblikovanju budućeg svijeta. Tehnološke inovacije obećavaju transformaciju svijeta u kojem živimo u svim njegovim dimenzijama. Ipak, da bi se dobrobiti inovacija mogle adekvatno iskoristiti nužno je da se kao društvo prilagodimo dolazećim promjenama. Također, moramo imati u vidu da ove promjene dolaze u vremenu koje je od ranije obilježeno neizvjesnošću, turbulentnim promjenama i hiperkonkurencijom. Razvoj i implementacija novih tehnologija u poslovanju motivirana je brojnim tehničkim i ekonomskim razlozima: poboljšanje kvalitete gotovih proizvoda (strojna obrada, itd.), povećanje produktivnosti i smanjenje udjela rada (u procesu montaže), povećanje stope homogenosti kvalitete proizvoda u svim proizvodnim procesima vezanim za primjenu robotske tehnologije, povećanje razine sigurnostiradnika smanjenje angažovanosti radne snage kod rutinskih i reproducibilnih procesa, minimiziranje ukupnih troškova proizvodnje i troškova održavanja uređaja u proizvodnom procesu, a sve sa svrhom adekvatnih odgovora na izazove konkurencije i sve strožije zahtjeve kupaca. Mada je već široko primijenjen koncept Industrija 4.0 u razvijenim zemljama, relativno je novi pojam u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana, pa tako i u Bosni i Hercegovini. Većina menadžera preduzeća razumije korist koju donosi „pametna“ proizvodnja i upoznati su sa novim trendovima u industriji, imaju namjeru postepeno uvoditi pametna rješenja, metode i tehnologije, a samo mali broj preduzeća u BiH trenutno implementira koncept Industrije 4.0. U radu se prezentiraju rezultati istraživanja o primjeni tehnologija Industrije 4.0 u svim granama privrede u Bosni i Hercegovini i posebno zastupljenost Industrije 4.0 u malim, srednje velikim i velikim preduzećima. Izvršena je detekcija svjesnosti određenih skupina o pojmovima Industrije 4.0, a sama metoda istraživanja je bazirana na on-line anketi.
Integracija vještačke inteligencije u Industriji 4.0: izazovi, paradigme i aplikacije
Authors: Banjanović-Mehmedović Lejla , Jahić Jasmin
Published: April 2022

Vještačka inteligencija (VI) je veoma disruptivna tehnologija, koja u kombinaciji sa snažnim hardverom za procesiranje otvara mogućnosti za opšti napredak u industriji. Postoji hitna potreba za sistemskim razvojem i implementacijom VI radi njenog učinka u industrijskim sistemima, posebno u četvrtoj industrijskoj revoluciji (Industrija 4.0). Tržišni subjekti koji ne usvoje VI neće biti u mogućnostiodržati svoju konkurentnost na tržištu. Ova publikacija pruža uvid u glavne paradigme VI korištene u Industriji 4.0, stavljajući naglasak na ključne digitalne tehnologije i njihove izazove. Pored toga, u ovoj publikaciji smo napravili pregled trenutnog stanja u VI, te pregled najvažnijih algoritama korištenih u Industriji 4.0. Pored navedenih tema, u ovoj publikaciji diskutujemo i o trendovima vezanim za usvajanje VI u kontekstu ugradbenih aplikacija i softverskih arhitektura uopšteno.
Trend implementacije Industrije 4.0 u funkciji primjene industrijskih i servisnih robota u proizvodnim procesima
Authors: Karabegović Isak , Karabegović Edina , Husak Ermin , Mahmić Mehmed
Published: April 2022

Poznato je da je WEF – World Economic Forum (koji je 2016.godine održan u Davosu) nazvao promjene koje se dešavaju na svjetskoj industrijskoj i digitalnoj sceni četvrta industrijska revolucija. Skoro sve razvijene zemlje u svijetu osmislile su svoje sopstvene programe za implementaciju četvrte industrijske revolucije, pa tako njemačka vlada promovira pod nazivom Industriju 4.0 (koja se prvi put pojavljuje na sajmu u Hanoveru, Njemačka), USA promovira pod naslovom Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC). Japanska vlada 2018. godine je formirala Centar za četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju Japan, dok kineska vlada usvaja strategiju „Made in Kina 2025“. Neophodno je napraviti detaljnu procjenu četvrte industrijske revolucije kako bi se podigla svijest o širini njenog uticaja i povećala njena primjena. Trenutna konkurentnost koja je prisutna u svijetu razlog je za brzu implementaciju Industrije 4.0 u gotovo sve kompanije u svijetu. Robotska tehnologija je osnovna tehnologija Industrije 4.0, a njena primjena ubrzava primjenu Industrije 4.0. Broj instaliranih jedinica robota, kako industrijskih tako i servisnih, u svijetu se svake godine povećava. Robotska tehnologija je temeljna tehnologija Industry 4.0, jer bez njene implementacije nema implementacije Industry 4.0. Poznato je da je danas u proizvodnim procesima instaliran veliki broj kako industrijskih tako i servisnih robota u svim industrijskim granama, a posebno u automobilskoj, elektro/elektroničkoj i metaloprerađivačkoj industriji. U radu je data analiza implementacije robota u zemljama koje su instalirale najviše robota u 2019. godini, kao i gustina robota na 10.000 radnika u prerađivačkoj industriji u istoj godini, na osnovu kojeg imamo uvid automatizacije proizvodnih procesa u toj zemlji. U budućnosti će se povećati implementacija robotske tehnologije u industriji kako bi se postigla veća zastupljenost Industrije 4.0, što će olakšati dolazak do "pametnih proizvodnih procesa" ili "pametnih tvornica".
Primjena blockchain tehnologije u izradi pametnih ugovora
Authors: Stupar Savo , Bičo Ćar Mirha
Published: April 2022

Cilj ovog rada je da putem kratkog objašnjenja osnovnih elemenata, odnosno suštine funkcionisanja blockchain tehnologije, koja predstavlja preduslov i osnovu za nastanak i funkcionisanje pametnih ugovora, kao moderne alternative korišćenju konvencionalnih ugovora, kojom se nastoji riješiti problem nepovjerenja i mogućnost prevare, detaljnije elaborira (obrazloži) prirodu veze između ta dva pojma, ukaže na razlike između konvencionalnih i pametnih ugovora, definiše prednosti koje pametni ugovori imaju u odnosu na konvencionalne, te na taj način doprinese što potpunijem shvaćanju pojma pametnih ugovora. U radu nastojimo objasniti kako prednosti koje pruža primjena blockchain tehnologije u mnogim drugim oblastima ljudskog djelovanja, kao što su kreiranje kriptovaluta i njihovu razmjenu, zatim razmjena hartija od vrijednosti, stvari, dokumenata, nekretnina, dragulja ili nekih drugih roba, iskoristiti na primjeru pametnih ugovora. Generalno, te prednosti se odnose na eliminisanje potrebe za posrednicima (u konkretnom slučaju se misli na advokate i notare, zatim na smanjenje mogućnosti prevare i povećanje stepena sigurnosti u obavljanju različitih vrsta pravnih transakcija, te na potpuno povjerenje u tačnost i ispravnost različitih vrsta evidencija zbog nemogućnosti promjene jednom pohranjenih i od velikog broja ravnopravnih partnera, verificiranih transakcija.
Industrija 4.0 i medicinski uređaji – aplikacija umjetne inteligencije za unaprjeđenje nadzora i upravljanja
Authors: Spahić Bećirović Lemana , Gurbeta Pokvić Lejla , Deumić Amar , Fejzić Ajdin , Badnjević Almir
Published: April 2022

Industrija 4.0 je revolucionirala svijet na način da se većina zadataka koji su nekada obavljani ručno sada obavljaju jednim klikom ili pokretom prsta u jednoj od mnogih aplikacija koje svakodnevno koriste milijarde ljudi. Zdravstveni sektor je također zahvaćen ovom revolucijom, te se kontinuirano poboljšavaju medicinski uređaji koji se koriste u svakodnevnoj medicinskoj praksi. Automatizacija dijagnostičkih procedura koja omogućava pristup visokokvalitetnom donošenju medicinskih odluka čak iu okruženjima gdje su resursi ograničeni, kao i predviđanje početka bolesti, pogoršanja stanja i toka bolesti su istaknute primjene Industrije 4.0. Tehnologija također omogućava nadzor i upravljanje medicinskim uređajima. Pandemija COVID-19 istakla je važnost visokog kvaliteta i performansi esencijalnih medicinskih uređaja i podigla svijest društva. Trenutno se razvijaju pametna rješenja, zasnovana na Internetu stvari (IoT) za nadzor i upravljanje medicinskim uređajima. Primjena ovih rješenja u zdravstvu drastično bi smanjila vrijeme koje medicinski uređaji provedu u kvaru, visinu troškova popravki i broj komplikacija tokom korištenja koje rezultiraju povredama pacijenta.
Development and application of Industry 4.0 in Serbia
Authors: Mitrović Radivoje , Majstorović Vidosav D. , Mišković Žarko
Published: April 2022

In 2011, the model of automatization of technological systems, based on the Internet, was defined as the concept of Industry 4.0. It represents a new model of connecting machines and computers (cyber-physical systemsCPS), their networking (cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT)) and the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI). This concept is a model of smart manufacturing, so today we are discussing intelligent vehicles, highway, networks, cities, services–in short, almost everything. The most important directions for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Serbiainclude: industrial policy for I4.0, education for I4.0 (higher secondary education), research for I4.0, specially applied research, and readiness of SMEs for I4.0, as well as the application of this model in practice. This paper presents the development and application of Industry 4.0 model in Serbia through the activities of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University in Belgrade from 2015 until today
A new step forward of Industry 4.0 in transport and logistic
Authors: Lindov Osman , Kosovac Amel , Omerhodžić Adnan
Published: April 2022

Today's age of unbreakable connections between physical and digital components requires large amounts of information and data to generate adequate decisions and achieve more efficient management systems. The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution known as Industry 4.0 primarily highlights digital technology aimed at integration with the Internet of Things (IoT), access to large amounts of useful real-time data, and the introduction of cyber-physical systems.Industry 4.0 is focused on creating solutions that enable digitization and process automation. Therefore, Industry 4.0 solutions have significant capabilities and benefits for application in transport and logistics in order to provide high quality supply chain processes, and improve market competitiveness by eliminating costs
Smart and sustainable food processing sector by integration of the concepts of the technologies behind Industry 4.0
Authors: Bratovčić Amra
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review was to evaluate possibilities of implementing concepts of Industry 4.0 including big data optimization, integration of sensors, artificial intelligence, and Internet of things (IoT), leading to the lowest possible costs and the highest possible output through smart control of the process, sustainable production, and monitoring. Sensors are vital components of Industry 4.0 and different types of detectors and sensors are used in the food packaging industry to convey information about food quality and to increase food safety. The paper will discuss time-temperature indicators, visual (color) indicators, O2 and CO2 indicators, freshness indicators, pH indicators, poison indicators and a radio frequency indicator that automatically detect and track the product. Based on credit card use it is possible to reveal the behavior of the customers and consumers. Virtual shops are popular for office workers. By using artificial intelligence, it is possible to create a robotic kitchen, which can cook according to the wishes of users, while 3-D printing technologyis used to cut food in certain shapes.
Industry 4.0 & medical devices - application of artificial intelligence for surveillance and management
Authors: Spahić Bećirović Lemana
Published: April 2022

Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the world in a way that most tasks once done by hand are now done by a single click or swipe in one of many applications used every day by billions of people. The healthcare sector has also been impacted by this, and continuous improvements are made to medical devices used in daily medical practice. Automatization of diagnostic procedures that enables access to high quality medical decision making even in limited resource settings, as well as prediction of disease onset, exacerbations and course are both prominent applications of Industry 4.0. Medical device surveillance and management is also achieved by means of technology. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of high quality and performance of critical medical devices and raised the awareness of the society. Smart solutions, based on Internet of Things (IoT) are currently being developed for medical device surveillance and management Application of these solutions in healthcare would dramatically decrease the downtime of medical devices, the cost intensiveness of repairs and the number of adverse events resulting in patient injury.
Ludwig Wittgenstein als Musikphilosoph
Authors: Eggers Katrin
Published: April 2022

Wittgenstein schrieb sein Leben lang über Musik und Musiker, die er schätzte oder auch ablehnte. Musik war ihm dabei nicht nur die liebste aller Künste, die detailliert mit Freunden und Verwandten besprochen wurde, sondern immer wieder auch Gegenstand philosophischen Nachdenkens. Dieses Buch widmet sich einer Herausarbeitung der in den Werken Ludwig Wittgensteins implizit vorhandenen Musikphilosophie. Dabei werden die zahlreichen und weit verstreuten Aphorismen zur Musik versammelt und in die Wittgensteinschen Denklinien der Sprachkritik sowie Aussagen zur Ästhetik und zur Logik eingeordnet. Immer wieder stellt sich dabei auch eine erstaunliche Nähe zu Überlegungen Arnold Schönbergs heraus. Angefangen bei der Rolle der Musik in den Jahren des Tractatus stellt sich diese Arbeit aus der kritischen Sicht Wittgensteins den Fragen von Musik als Sprache in der späteren Philosophie, der Möglichkeit einer Disziplin »Ästhetik«, dem Problem von Musik und Emotion, Musik im sozialen und historischen Kontext sowie der Auseinandersetzung mit den von Hanslick ausgegangenen Impulsen der Selbstbedeutung von Musik. Dabei spielen vor allem die Wittgensteinsche Überlegung der »Verhexung des Verstandes durch die Mittel der Sprache« sowie die Begriffe des »Aspekte-sehens«, der »Familienähnlichkeit« und der »Lebensform« eine tragende Rolle. Schließlich wirdWittgensteins Methode genauer untersucht, deren perfomative Verweigerung jedes hinweisenden Begriffssystems unter dem Aspekt von Wiederholung, Variation und Kontrastfeldern selbst als musikalisch beschrieben werden kann.
Energy Efficiency, Emissions and Adoption of Biomass Cookstoves
Authors: B. Sutar Kailasnath
Published: April 2022

Indoor air pollution due to inefficient use of solid biomass fuels in traditional cookstoves causing serious threat to human health and millions of deaths, mainly in developing countries. This chapter reports parameters for measurement of thermal as well as emission performance of biomass cookstoves. The thermal performance parameters include fire power, efficiency, specific fuel consumption and turn-down ratio whereas the emission performance parameters include emission factor or indoor concentration of a pollutant. This chapter also reports about technological improvements in the biomass cookstoves. Since early 1980s, efforts were made by the researchers for development improved cookstoves. These efforts include use of metals as cookstove materials, provision of grate for better air circulation, air preheating, provision of swirl and secondary air, provision of insulation, use of chimney, baffles etc. The improved cookstoves were found to be causing saving in biomass fuel but there was not much improvement in emission performance of these stoves as compared with their traditional versions. The research on advanced biomass cookstoves started in early twenty-first century. While designing these cookstoves, advancements in technologies such as insulating the combustion chamber, supplying correct amount of primary and secondary air at right place into the combustion chamber, use of fan to create draft, use of gasification techniques, use of high density pellets as fuel etc. are being used. Advanced biomass cookstoves are found to be highly fuel efficient and they cause negligible pollutant emissions. Various factors affecting adoption of improved biomass cookstoves such as social, functional, and cultural are discussed in detail. Recommendations for use of energy efficient and clean cooking options are also given.
Production of Nanofibers from Plant Extracts by Electrospinning Method
Authors: Sünter Eroğlu Nilşen
Published: April 2022

The fact that different plants grow in each climate type, that each plant has different and many benefits, and that it can obtain bio-structured, sustainable, economic, and ecological products has increased the work of researchers in this field. The long-term toxicity and harmful side effects of herbal extracts are generally less compared to synthetic drugs. Studies on the production of nanofibrous membrane structures from plant extracts are relatively limited and are an emerging field. Herbal extracts have a positive effect in electrospinning applications with their biodiversity, ability to maintain biological functionality, and wound healing effects against pathogenic microorganisms. With the creation of nanofiber structures of plants obtained from natural sources, applications in fields such as wound healing, tissue engineering, drug release are increasing day by day.
Postharvest Preservation Technology of Cereals and Legumes
Authors: M. Ikegwu Theophilus , C. Ezegbe Clement , A. Okolo Chioke , E. Ofoedu Chigozie
Published: April 2022

Cereals and legumes are prone to perishability and have very short shelf-life if not given proper treatment. During different handling and marketing operations, there is a huge postharvest loss of agricultural produce. The qualitative and quantitative losses incurred in cereals and legumes commodities between harvest and consumption are huge. Qualitative losses such as loss inedibility, nutritional quality, calorific value, and consumer acceptability of fresh produce are much more difficult to assess than are quantitative losses. The major cause of postharvest loss (PHL) is the availability of poor infrastructure for postharvest technology (PHT) and processing of commodities. These losses can only be minimized by proper handling, marketing, and processing of the agricultural commodities; as well as the use of modern preservation technologies such as irradiation, radio frequency heating, etc. The sufficient knowledge of pre-and post-harvest preservation technologies and the provision of adequate and sufficient storage facilities for cereals and legumes handling and distribution would help to mitigate the incidence of postharvest deterioration and therefore improve the availability of cereals and legumes in the market and subsequent reduction in malnutrition for increased food security. Postharvest preservation technology of cereals and legumes is very fundamental in reducing postharvest losses and increasing food security.
Industry 4.0: The Tenets of the Next Generation of Supply Chain Management
Authors: T. Mayounga Andre
Published: April 2022

The supply chain industry is at the crossroads of the business revolution through the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), impacting business activities across industries. The transformative elements of 4IR offer individual consumers, corporations, and governments unprecedented opportunities to link, collaborate, process, and manage rising consumer and business data to boost decision-making, efficiency, and productivity. Evidence shows that have applied a mix of collaborative and innovative technologies to internal and external activities to manage supply chain disruptions. The groundbreaking technological advancements paved the way for the supply industry to shift supply business prototypes from traditional supply chain models to supply web models. The shift has helped firms resolve national and global supply chain disruptions. The present chapter introduces the Supply Web (SW) concept and its distinctive tenets by adding to the growing body of the evolving Industry 4.0 field, knowledge to help advance the field. The author calls on governments, the global supply industry, and academia to consider embracing the new SW paradigm evolving under 4IR to help resolve societal and consumer challenges emerging in the 21st Century.
Glomalin Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Reproduction, Lifestyle and Dynamic Role in Global Sustainable Agriculture for Future Generation
Authors: Prasad Kamal , Khare Agam , Rawat Prateek
Published: April 2022

Glomalin, a type of glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota, contributes to the mitigation of soil degradation. Moreover, AM fungi and glomalin are highly correlated with other soil physico-chemical parameters and are sensitive to changes in the environment; also, they have been recommended for monitoring the recovery of degraded soil or stages of soil degradation. AM fungi are commonly known as bio-fertilisers. Moreover, it is widely believed that the inoculation of AM fungi provides tolerance to host plants against various stressful situations like heat, salinity, drought, metals and extreme temperatures. AM fungi, being natural root symbionts, provide essential plant inorganic nutrients to host plants, thereby improving growth and yield under unstressed and stressed regimes. The role of AM fungi as a bio-fertiliser can potentially strengthen plants’ adaptability to changing environment. They also improve plant resilience to plant diseases and root system development, allowing for better nutrient absorption from the soil. As a result, they can be utilised as both a biofertilizer and a biocontrol agent. Present manuscript represents the potential of AM fungi as biostimulants can probably strengthen plants’ ability to change the agriculture system for green technology.
Boron and Boron-Containing Compounds Toxicity
Authors: Sevim Çiğdem , Kara Mehtap
Published: April 2022

Boron is an important element found in limited resources on earth, especially in Turkey, and is essential for living organisms. Boron plays key roles in human and animal systems. While boron shows its important effects as an essential element at low concentrations in the organism, it causes different toxic effects to occur at high concentrations. There are different studies on boron and boron-containing compounds effects on organisms, toxic effects mechanisms need to be detailed. Boron and its compounds can cause toxic effects in oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure and even deadly effects at very high concentrations. The use of disinfectant and cleaning products containing boron as sprays, fertilizers, etc., during the Covid-19 pandemic also increases the interest in this issue. Boron exposure could cause lung irritation, dermal irritation, genotoxicity in male reproductive system, teratogenicity in concentration-dependent manner. In vitro studies have tried to explain the toxic effects mechanisms. The aim of the current work is to explain the toxic effect mechanisms of boron and boron compounds on body systems.
Secondary Metabolites of Fruits and Vegetables with Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Shekhar Shubhra , Prasad Kamlesh
Published: April 2022

An antioxidant is of great interest among researchers, scientists, nutritionists, and the public because of its ability to prevent oxidative damage, as indicated by various studies. This chapter mainly focuses on the free radicals and their types; antioxidants and their mode of action against free radicals; fruits, vegetables, and their byproducts as a source of antioxidants; and various analytical methods employed for assessing antioxidant activity. Antioxidants discussed in this chapter are ascorbic acid, Vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenols, and their mechanism of action. Different antioxidant activity assay techniques have been reported. Fruits and vegetables are abundant sources of these secondary metabolites. The waste generated during processing has many bioactive materials, which possibly be used in value-added by-products.
Genetic Control of Wellness in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Vukasinovic Natascha , Gonzalez Dianelys , Przybyla Cory , Brooker Jordan , Kulkarni Asmita , Passafaro Tiago , McNeel Anthony
Published: April 2022

With increased selection pressure on milk production, many dairy populations are experiencing reduced fertility and disease resistance. Reducing susceptibility to metabolic diseases, such as ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, and lameness, has long been excluded from genetic improvement programs, due to low heritability of those traits. However, research has shown that using large producer-recorded data, genomic information, and suitable statistical models can result in accurate genomic predictions for metabolic diseases, enabling producers to select animals with improved disease resistance early in life. Improving wellness in dairy herds not only increases economic efficiency of dairy herds, but also improves overall animal welfare as well as product quality and public perception of dairy farming. This chapter describes the development of genomic predictions for wellness traits in Holstein dairy cows in the United States and presents examples of validation of those predictions in commercial dairy populations in the United States and other countries.
Valorization of Biomass as a Raw Material to Obtain Products of Industrial Interest
Authors: María Diaz-Montaño Dulce
Published: April 2022

Biomass is the biodegradable fraction of products and waste of biological origin. Biomass comes from activities such as agriculture, forestry, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste. A large amount of biomass encourages the proposal of projects aimed at the integrated use of these wastes to obtain products with high added value. In fact, the use of this waste avoids negative ecological impact on agricultural fields, rivers, and lakes, and supports new technologies that can feasibly solve the pollution problem. The presentation of studies related to the use of these wastes as raw material to produce compounds of industrial interest in areas such as agriculture, second and third-generation biofuels, biogas, pharmaceuticals, chemical industry, human and animal nutrition, through chemical, physical, thermochemical, and biological processes, is the objective of this chapter.
Rate and Causes of Claim Denials in Iranian Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahadinezhad Bahman , Khosravizadeh Omid , Maleki Aisa , Ghanbari Elnaz
Published: April 2022

Context: One of the most important income sources of hospitals is the payment of insurance organizations, part of which is not paid as deductions in Iran. Studies have reported different values for insurance deductions, proposing various reasons. Objectives: The present study aimed to provide the published evidence of these deductions and their causes over the past 13 years. Data Sources: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in 2021. Data were collected via searching in databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Irandoc until August 2021 using keywords such as “deduction”, “medical deduction”, “hospital”, “medical center”, and “Iran”. Data Extraction: To calculate the pooled values of hospital deductions, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed in the Stata software version 15 at 95% confidence interval. In addition, the possible heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and a forest plot was also used to report the results. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Results: In total, 16 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled percentage of deductions (PPCD) based on random effects was 5% (95% CI: 2.88 - 7.124), and the hypothesis was rejected (PPCD = 0; Z = 31.26; P = 0.000). Based on the random-effects method, the pooled prevalence of deductions was 45.21% (95% CI: 17.601 - 72.824). Moreover, the pooled prevalence of deductions (PPVD) was considered statistically significant (PPVD = 0; Z = 251.16; P = 0.000). The variation in ES attributable to heterogeneity (I2) was estimated at 99.6%, and documentation problems were considered the most common cause of deductions (17.96%). Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of deductions in Iranian public hospitals is significant, and the share of deductions from the bill claimed by the hospital is manageable, albeit small.
Clinical Significance of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion Index in Patients with Clinical Diagnosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Yahyazadeh Seyed Reza , Izadi Seyed Shahaboddin , Inanloo Seyed Hasan
Published: April 2022

Background: To investigate the clinical significance of the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) index in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients to clarify its diagnostic value in predicting the clinical and structural abnormalities of the prostate. Methods: In this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, every man older than 50 years with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), predominantly voiding or obstructive, suggestive of BPH were included. The patients were evaluated to determine the following indices: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) index, quality of life (QoL), prostate volume (PV) and postvoid residual urine (PVR), serum PSA level, and the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) obtained by uroflowmetry. Subsequently, the assessment of the IPP index was conducted by transabdominal ultrasonography. The categorization of the IPP index was done into 3 grades: Grade one (below 5 mm), grade two (between 5 and 10 mm), and grade three (greater than 10 mm). Results: A significant direct correlation between the IPP and IPSS, QoL, PV, PVR, and serum PSA, as well as inversely with the Qmax, was detected before and after medical treatment. Also, the need for surgical intervention increased significantly with the IPP index. Conclusions: The IPP can be used to evaluate and predict the severity of symptoms and outcomes in patients with clinical BPH.