bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptocurrency Adoption with Speculative Price Bubbles
Authors: Wei Yanhao (Max) , Dukes Anthony
Published: October 2020

This paper marries models of stochastic bubbles and the standard model of product diffusion to study the role of price bubbles in cryptocurrency adoption.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Strategic Agent in the Pediatric Vaccine Market: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Cummings Kayla , Behzad Banafsheh , Martonosi Susan
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: Pediatric vaccine markets in the United States are vulnerable to the development of monopolies due to few manufacturers and high research and development costs. This work addresses how the government can ensure the cost-effective procurement of pediatric vaccines by all U.S. children from private manufacturers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) significant patronage of pediatric vaccines affords them leverage in negotiating public-sector prices that prevent the formation of monopolies, but existing vaccine pricing literature excludes the CDC as a rational player. Academic/practical relevance: We combine optimization and game theoretic techniques to address cost-effective immunization of all U.S. children. Methodology: Our optimization model from the CDC’s perspective minimizes negotiated government costs while ensuring adequate national vaccination levels, linking dynamics in public and private sectors, and incorporating competitive manufacturer behavior. The optimization model embeds an extant game theoretic price model to capture competitive interactions among manufacturers in the private sector, where they compete independently of the CDC. The model is validated in an extended case study of the Infanrix–Daptacel vaccine duopoly. Results: The study indicates that dissimilar products advantageously segment markets with asymmetric manufacturers. Furthermore, markets are at lower risk when high-capacity manufacturers have moderate target profits, especially in cases of high demand and asymmetry. We demonstrate that our model can help restabilize a market that experiences a vaccine shortage and that the CDC might mitigate the same shortage using strategies that depend on which manufacturer is limited. We also underline scenarios in which the CDC may be able to prevent monopolies through financial incentives to manufacturers. The results support a paradigm shift from annual contracts to ongoing negotiations, which would enable the CDC to exercise control over high-risk markets. Managerial implications: Our study demonstrates an analytical approach for managerial government officials to influence pediatric vaccine prices via the procurement of public-sector goods.
The Trends of Neonatal Mortality Rate Among South East Asia Countries from 2000-2017
Authors: Soleman Sani Rachman
Published: October 2020

Background: Neonatal MortalityRate (NMR) reflects the quality of health services provided by the government. It is very important to disclose the health system capability of each country in managing mother and child health programs because it is an essential health policy that should be prioritized.  The health system capability of a country will determine the welfare and social guarantee because most of NMR causes are preventable. Several components such as maternal factors, neonatal and health services were determined as predictors of NMR. The objective of this study is to compare neonatal mortality trends among eight South East Asia Countries (SEAC) from 2000 to 2017. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to analyze the data regarding the causes of neonatal death between 2000 and 2017. Data were taken from World Health Organization Maternal Child Epidemiology Estimation (WHO MCEE) database.The collected data were live birth; neonatal mortality rate; and the big five of neonatal mortality etiologies in the eight SEAC.  Data were then analyzed descriptively with line chart to describe the trend of NMR. Result: This study found that Indonesia  had the highest neonatal mortality rate, yet the trend decreased gradually from 102.700 in 2000 to 60.986 in 2017, followed by Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Malaysia respectively.  On the other hand, the trend of live birth was the lowest in Indonesia  and the highest in Philippines . According to the data regarding the leading cause of NMR, preterm birth was the major cause of neonatal mortality followed by birth asphyxia and congenital defects. Conclusion: Indonesia has the highest mortality rate, yet the etiology such as as premature birth, asphyxia, and congenital disorder is similar to the other eight countries.
Factors Associated with Work Fatigue Symptoms on Bus Service Officers of PT TransJakarta Corridor VI Ragunan
Authors: Lukman Mutiara Sakinah , Mustakim Mustakim
Published: October 2020

Background: Work fatigue is a source of problems for workers’ health and safety. According to the Ministry of Manpower, data on occupational accidents in 2017 indicate that the number of occupational injuries was 80,392 cases. This study aims to find out factors related to fatigue symptoms on Bus Service Officers of PT TransJakarta, including age, sex, nutritional status, marital status, medical history, workload, work stress, work shift, and ergonomic status. Method: This study uses an analytical descriptive research design with a cross-sectional design, involving 158 Bus Service Officers at Corridor VI Ragunan PT TransJakarta in July 2018. The data collection was conducted by using questionnaires and with univariate and bivariate data analysis. Results: The results show that there was a significant relationship between work fatigue and work stress (p = 0.000), workload (p = 0.000), ergonomic status (p = 0,000). Besides that, there was no relationship between work fatigue and age, years of service, marital status, medical history, and nutritional status. Conclusion: While those who had no significant relationship were sex, nutritional status, marital status, medical history, and years of service, it is suggested that the company should reevaluate the workload, work stress, work shift with perceived fatigue, providing further training on good body position.
Medication adherence: understanding the issues and finding solutions
Authors: While Alison
Published: October 2020

Medication is the most frequent treatment intervention, and its success depends on patients taking their medicines in line with their prescribed regimen to yield the full benefit of the treatment. Adherence is especially difficult to ensure in those with multimorbidity, who take multiple medications to manage their conditions. Non-adherence is costly for the health service, both through wastage and increased ill health. Non-adherence may be intentional or non-intentional, and many factors affect an individual's compliance with a medication regimen. There are a variety of aids that may be helpful; however, the interaction with a health professional is very important, both for understanding the reason for non-adherence and for promoting adherence.
Collaboration between a tertiary pain centre and community teams during the pandemic
Authors: George JM , Xu Y , Nursa'adah BJ , Lim SF , Low LL , Chan Diana XH
Published: October 2020

People with chronic pain faced potential treatment disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, as the focus of healthcare shifted. A model of rapid integration of a pain centre with community healthcare teams was implemented to care for vulnerable older patients with chronic pain and multiple comorbidities. Telemedicine and home visits by community nurses were used, with risk-mitigation measures, ensuring comprehensive assessment and treatment compliance. Medications from pain physicians were delivered at home through a hospital pharmacy. A secure national electronic health records system used by all teams ensured seamless access and documentation. Potential emergency department visits, admissions and delayed discharges were thus avoided. Integration of community teams with chronic pain management services can be recommended to ensure pandemic preparedness.
Management of autonomic dysreflexia in the community
Authors: Morgan Sara
Published: October 2020

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an uncontrolled increase in systolic blood pressure (by 20 mmHg or more) that occurs in those with spinal cord injuries at or above the 6th thoracic vertebrae. It usually occurs in the chronic phase of injury, at between 3 and 6 months after the injury is sustained. Most affected patients live in the community with varying levels of independence and will have contact with community nurses due to potential issues with bladder and bowel management. Therefore, community nurses may come into contact with patients in a dysreflexia crisis requiring prompt emergency treatment. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop community nurses' understanding of AD so they are equipped with the necessary knowledge to help their clients.
Empowering patient self-management through tailored compression garment regimens
Authors: Everett Jeanne , Lawrance Sue , Phillips Natalie
Published: October 2020

Over recent years, compression wraps, also known as adjustable compression wrapping devices (ACWDs), have become an increasingly important part of lymphoedema management. Widely used in lymphoedema clinics, they are also now a popular treatment choice within tissue viability, as well as in practice and community nursing, where their cost- and resource-saving advantages are greatly appreciated. Easywrap from Haddenham Healthcare is a popular choice among both health professionals and patients, due to its low profile, making it a comfortable option for wearing beneath normal clothes, and its uncomplicated design, making it easy for patients to put on and take off themselves. This article will evaluate the advantages of using Easywrap for self-management and explore why the Fusion liner, which is now available on drug tariff, can further improve self-care in lymphoedema management.
Patients’ and parents’ views about lower limb orthopaedic surgery for ambulant children and young people with cerebral palsy: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Almoajil Hajar , Theologis Tim , Dawes Helen , Parsonage Jackie , Pierce Jo , Hopewell Sally , Toye Francine
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The article identifies the aspects of health and outcomes that are considered important from the perspective of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents regarding lower limb orthopaedic surgery and explores how they experience surgical interventions.

Methods

Four databases (Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 11 April 2020. Studies were included if they: 1) they involved children or young adults diagnosed with ambulant CP or their family, 2) participants had experience with lower limb orthopaedic surgery and 3) studies employed qualitative research methods. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to appraise identified studies. The ‘Best-fit framework’ synthesis approach was used by applying the International Classification of Functioning-Children and Youth (ICF–CY) linking rules and thematic synthesis. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Six studies were included. Four themes were generated which were linked to the ICF–CY framework: Body function and structure, Activity and participation, Environmental factors, Personal factors, as well as non-ICF–CY themes including Emotional well-being and Goal setting. Important surgical outcomes identified were pain, fatigue, movement-related function, mobility, walking ability, community life, emotional well-being, and adequate provision of public and health services.

Conclusion

These findings are important for understanding patient-centred outcomes in lower limb ortho-paedics surgery and providing focus for future interventional studies aimed at improving outcomes of importance to children with CP. These findings highlight the importance of long-term support to help people negotiate the challenge of surgical regimes and to achieve good outcomes after orthopaedic surgery. The outcomes identified will contribute to the development of a core outcome set in this field.

Level of evidence

III
Why were the UK and USA unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic? The systemic weaknesses of neoliberalism: a comparison between the UK, USA, Germany, and South Korea
Authors: Mellish Timothy I. , Luzmore Natalie J. , Shahbaz Ahmed Ashfaque
Published: October 2020

Pandemics historically have killed as many people as the wars that have beset this world, yet the resources committed to pandemic prevention and response are a fraction of the resources we commit to security. This paper examines the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 by analysing the preparedness and responses of the UK, the USA, Germany, and South Korea. We will evidence that the UK and USA lacked the levels of preparedness that global health reports indicated, and that their responses were diametrically opposite of those of Germany and South Korea. We argue that decades of deregulation and privatization due to neoliberal, free-market economics by the UK and USA led to the Great Recession of 2008. This, in turn, led to economic collapse and austerity (increased neoliberalism), which negatively impacted investment in healthcare in the UK and USA. This resulted in very different levels of preparedness and responses by the four countries under the microscope.
Dealing with COVID-19 in the European periphery: between securitization and “gaslighting”
Authors: Vankovska Biljana
Published: October 2020

The objective of this paper is to outline and analyse the manner in which governments on the EU's south-eastern periphery (i.e. the Western Balkans) responded to the COVID-19 pandemic and its possible after-effects. The author seeks to shed light on three particular aspects of the crisis: the (de)securitization process of COVID-19, the geopolitics of the EU enlargement process in the post-corona world, and the Balkan way of dealing with the pandemic. Following a prologue that tries to decipher what is behind the façade of this dramatic episode, the article proceeds to characterize both the securitization of COVID-19 and the “gaslighting turnaround”. It then looks at the Balkan version of the so-called “COVID-1984”, i.e. the autocratic tendencies that have blossomed amid (and thanks to) strong security concerns.
Measurement of airblast atomization of low temperature kerosene with 25  kHz digital holography
Authors: Wu Xuecheng , Lin Wenhui , Wang Lei , Song Ge , Wu Yingchun
Published: October 2020

Atomization of low temperature fuel is of great importance in a jet engine combustor, and its visualization and diagnostics are challenging, especially in the presence of shreds and ligaments. A 25 kHz picosecond pulsed digital inline holography system is applied to measure the spray produced by an airblast atomizer with low temperature kerosene. The breakup process of shreds and ligaments of

−

37

∘

C

kerosene are visualized and analyzed, revealing the transition of liquid jet disintegrating into droplets under the atomizing air film. Three-dimensional positions and size distributions of droplets in spray are acquired. It is found that a decrease in the kerosene temperature increases shreds and ligaments in the spray, which eventually leads to reduction of droplet density and increase of droplet size, while increasing the air pressure can compensate the degradation. This work also demonstrates that high speed holographic imaging is a powerful tool in spray diagnostics and liquid breakup visualization.
Development of a compact imaging spectrometer form for the solar
reflective spectral region
Authors: Chrisp Michael P. , Lockwood Ronald B. , Smith Melissa A. , Balonek Gregory , Holtsberg Christopher , Thome Kurtis J. , Murray Keith E. , Ghuman Parminder
Published: October 2020

Current imaging spectrometer forms for terrestrial remote sensing in
the visible, near-, and shortwave infrared (VNR/SWIR) spectral range
have been implemented in hardware and achieve a high level of
performance in terms of both aberration control and signal-to-noise
level. These forms are compact, relative to prior art, but more size,
weight, and power optimization, while maintaining performance, is
desirable for usage on small satellite platforms. Pursuant to that
goal, we have developed a compact breadboard prototype VNIR/SWIR
imaging spectrometer that maintains the current aberration control and
has a large number of spatial samples. The new form utilizes a
catadioptric lens and a flat dual-blaze immersion grating yielding a
compact design that is relatively easy to manufacture.
Reconstruction-based 6D pose estimation for robotic assembly
Authors: Shi Zhongchen , Xu Kai , Li Zhang , Guan Banglei , Wang Gang , Shang Yang
Published: October 2020

Pose estimation is important for many robotic applications including bin picking and robotic assembly and collaboration. However, robust and accurate estimation of the poses of industrial objects is a challenging task owing to the various object shapes and complex working environments. This paper presents a method of estimating the poses of narrow and elongated industrial objects with a low-cost RGB-D (depth and color) camera to guide the process of robotic assembly. The proposed method comprises three main steps: reconstruction involved in preprocessing, pose initialization with geometric features, and tracking aided by contour cues. Pose tracking is coupled with real-time dense reconstruction, which can synthesize a smooth depth image as a substitute for the raw depth image. Because industrial objects (e.g., fork and adapter) feature mostly planar structures, primitive geometric features, such as three-dimensional planes, are extracted from the point cloud and utilized to induce a promising initial pose. For robust tracking of the adapter consisting of narrow and elongated planes, the dense surface correspondences are combined with sparse contour correspondences in the refinement scheme. This combination allows for a satisfactory tolerance to the initial guess in the pose tracking phase. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Phase-shift extraction of multiple-frame randomly phase-shifted interferograms by analysis of the amplitude of the analytic signal
Authors: Du Hubing , He Zhouxuan , Ma Pu , Chen Xiaodong , Yin Peili
Published: October 2020

We present a powerful phase-shift extraction algorithm for multiple-frame random phase-shifting fringe patterns. The proposed method is based on changing the regularity of the amplitude of a demodulated analytic signal with respect to different phase shifts and a one-dimensional optimization method. Compared with the existing universal phase-reconstruction method, the proposed method is accurate, stable, and efficient. Both numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
LiFi grid: a machine learning approach to user-centric design: publisher’s note
Authors: Pashazanoosi Mohamadreza , Nezamalhosseini S. Alireza , Salehi Jawad A.
Published: October 2020

This publisher’s note amends the author listing and affiliation section in Appl. Opt. 59, 8895 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.396804.
Efficient preamble design and digital signal processing in upstream burst-mode detection of 100G TDM coherent-PON
Authors: Zhang Junwen , Jia Zhensheng , Xu Mu , Zhang Haipeng , Alberto Campos Luis
Published: October 2020

Coherent optics has been proved to be a promising candidate for 100 Gb/s and even beyond single-wavelength time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs). However, one of the key issues in TDM coherent-PON is how to efficiently and robustly achieve upstream burst-mode coherent detection. To solve this problem, we proposed and demonstrated a reliable and efficient preamble design with corresponding burst-mode digital signal processing (DSP) for coherent upstream burst-mode detection in TDM coherent-PON. To reduce the preamble length, a special designed preamble unit is used for three burst-mode DSP functions including frame synchronization, state-of-the polarization estimation, and frequency-offset estimation. The efficiency of the designed preamble and the overall performances under different test conditions are experimentally verified. We also confirmed the robust performance in large frequency offset, residual fiber dispersion, and long-time running. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the coherent upstream burst-mode detection of 100-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-QPSK) signals based on a 71.68-ns preamble and corresponding burst-mode DSP, achieving a 36-dB power budget after 50-km single-mode fiber transmission. Around 20-dB dynamic range of received power is also experimentally verified for burst signals in the

100

Gb/s/

λ

TDM coherent-PON.
Polar coded probabilistic amplitude shaping for the free space optical atmospheric turbulence channel
Authors: Fang Jiafei , Bi Meihua , Xiao Shilin , Yang Hang , Chen Zhiyu , Liu Zhiyang , Yang Fan , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the polar coded probabilistic amplitude shaping (PC-PAS) is investigated in a free space optical (FSO) communication system to combat the fading induced by turbulence. The achievable rate of multiple level coding (MLC) and bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) schemes with different distributions are studied in turbulence channels, which proves that the non-uniform distribution can achieve larger achievable rates than the uniform distribution in the FSO turbulence channel. And the PC-PAS techniques based on MLC and BICM are both investigated. For MLC-based PC-PAS, the dynamically frozen bits scheme is adopted and the modification to the labeling rule is proposed to label the non-negative constellation points. For the BICM-based PC-PAS, the exchange scheme is proposed to combine the polar codes and PAS technique. The Block error rate (BLER) is evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulation method. From the results, both the MLC-based and the BICM-based PC-PAS can improve the performance compared to the uniform distribution. And the PC-PAS based on MLC outperforms the PC-PAS based on BICM in the same turbulence condition.
Model-driven phase retrieval network for single-shot x-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer imaging
Authors: Liu Peizhen , Yang Jiecheng , Chen Jianwei , Su Ting , Guo Jinchuan , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Ge Yongshuai
Published: October 2020

The single-shot x-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer-based differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging is able to accelerate time-consuming data acquisition; however, the extracted phase image suffers from severe image artifacts. Here, we propose to estimate the DPC image via a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporated with the physical imaging model. Instead of training the CNN with thousands of labeled data beforehand, both phantom and biological specimen validation experiments show that high-quality DPC images can be automatically generated from only one single-shot projection image with a certain periodic moiré pattern. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, paradigm for single-shot x-ray DPC imaging.
Mid-infrared microfiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Cai Dawei , Xie Yu , Wang Pan , Zhang Lei , Guo Xin , Tong Limin
Published: October 2020

We report mid-infrared (mid-IR) Bragg gratings fabricated on sub-wavelength-diameter chalcogenide glass (ChG) microfibers. ChG microfibers with diameters around 3 µm are tapered drawn from

A

s

2

S

3

glass fibers, and the mid-IR microfiber Bragg gratings (mFBGs) are inscribed on microfibers using interference patterns of near bandgap light at a 532 nm wavelength. At a wavelength of about 4.5 µm, the mFBG has an extinction ratio of 15 dB and a positive photo-induced refractive index change of

2

×

1

0

−
2

. The dependence of the grating formation on accumulated influence of exposure power density and time is investigated. The mid-IR mFBGs demonstrated here may be used as building blocks for micro-photonic circuits or devices in the mid-IR spectral range.
Data security management and data protection for video conferencing software
Authors: John Nicolas , Wellmann Maximilian
Published: October 2020

Corona crisis and video conferencing software – two terms that now belong together. However, the demands controllers have on video conferencing software can quickly reach the limits of data protection regulations. In recent years, the progressive development of video conferencing software has already excited many users and led to significant growth. In ad hoc situations, like the Corona pandemic, issues regarding data protection are all too often neglected. This is fatal considering the fact that the implementation of video conferencing software is accompanied by a large number of data protection and security issues that must be addressed and weighed up by the controller. At first glance, technically feasible solutions can quickly turn out to be “Trojan horses” and pose a serious threat to personal data. Therefore, the selection, set-up and use of data protection-compliant video conferencing software is of great importance for controllers. This article aims to examine relevant questions regarding data protection and security management from a European legal perspective. In particular, the detailed analysis of the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as well as the practical consequences for the controller should provide practicians an overview of the legal problems associated with the implementation and use of video conferencing software.
Bohemia growth machine: Street art as an urban development tool in Florida
Authors: Strom Elizabeth , Kusenbach Margarethe
Published: October 2020

Meanings and functions of street art have, in recent decades, diversified in the United States as well as globally. Today, we find street art initiatives and mural festivals in many cities, where they are applauded for fostering local development and tourism while also producing less tangible branding and marketing outcomes. Our research, based on ethnographic fieldwork and secondary data analysis in three Florida cities, suggests that street art initiatives can indeed become, in essence, handmaids to real estate development; however, the degree to which this is the case is variable, and it is by no means inevitable that the only long-term outcome will be the cultural obliteration and physical displacement of current residents. The article’s analysis describes and compares mural scenes in key redeveloping neighbourhoods in three Florida cities (Tampa, St. Petersburg and Miami) that, we argue, represent a diversity, and perhaps even a trajectory, of cities’ appropriation of street art as a development tool.
Protocolo diferenciado de troca de alinhadores no Sistema Invisalign®
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Garcia , Azevedo Gabriel Maia , Aquino Lucas Barbosa , Rocha Bruno Leonardo , Neves Leniana Santos , França Esdras de Campos
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A demanda estética tem levado à procura cada vez maior pelos alinhadores “invisíveis” na prática clínica ortodôntica, entre os quais destaca-se o sistema Invisalign®, desenvolvido pela empresa Align Technology®, que possui como principais vantagens a estética e o maior conforto mastigatório, quando comparado aos aparelhos fixos tradicionais. Com o advento do SmartTrack®, a Align Technology® passou a recomendar a troca dos alinhadores a partir de sete dias, possibilitando uma movimentação máxima de 0,25mm por alinhador; entretanto, a troca de placas é realizada a cada dez dias. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar, por meio de um caso clínico, um protocolo com diminuição da velocidade de movimentação e troca dos alinhadores de sete em sete dias, padronizado no mesmo dia da semana. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 36 anos de idade, com protrusão do lábio inferior em relação ao superior, associada a uma má oclusão de Classe I com mordida cruzada anterior e presença de diastemas inferiores. O plano de tratamento virtual foi realizado com diminuição da velocidade de movimentação, por meio de uma reprogramação do número de estágios para 42 estágios ativos e 3 de sobrecorreção. RESULTADOS: Os objetivos propostos para o tratamento foram atingidos, observando-se uma diminuição da protrusão labial inferior, com melhora do perfil facial e correção da mordida cruzada anterior. CONCLUSÃO: A substituição dos alinhadores a cada sete dias estabeleceu um padrão na rotina diária, compatibilizando uma troca mais rápida, reduzindo o efeito da perda dimensional do alinhador e um padrão de trocas mais favorável ao paciente.
Tratamento da biprotrusão dentária em paciente com agenesia de incisivo lateral superior e perdas dentárias
Authors: Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Aguiar Hediberton Alves , Pedott Mariane Martine , Faccini Melissa , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore
Published: October 2020

OBJETIVO: O presente artigo objetivou relatar um caso de uma paciente com má oclusão de Classe I, biprotrusão e agenesia do incisivo lateral, tratadas por meio de extrações atípicas e mini-implantes. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Como a paciente já apresentava alguns elementos dentários ausentes e outros dentes com tratamento endodôntico, optou-se pelo tratamento por meio da extração atípica do dente #26 e extração dos dentes #34 e #44. Também pela falta do elemento #37, o dente #27 encontrava-se extruído; assim, optou-se pela sua intrusão por meio de mini-implantes. Devido à agenesia do incisivo lateral superior direito, optou-se pela reanatomização do canino superior direito, com resina composta, ao fim do tratamento ortodôntico. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Por meio da mecânica ortodôntica associada ao uso de mini-implantes, conseguiu-se corrigir a má oclusão de Classe I, com melhora do perfil facial, obtenção de ótima oclusão estática e dinâmica, e boa estética facial e dentária, sem necessidade de reabilitação protética ou com implantes.
A reaction-diffusion system to better comprehend the unlockdown: Application of SEIR-type model with diffusion to the spatial spread of COVID-19 in France
Authors: Mammeri Youcef
Published: October 2020

We wondered that if a reaction-diffusion model considering only the mean daily movement of susceptible, exposed and asymptomatic individuals was enough to describe the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The model was calibrated using data on the confirmed infection and death from France as well as their initial spatial distribution. First, the system of partial differential equations is studied, then the basic reproduction number, 𝒭0is derived. Second, numerical simulations, based on a combination of level-set and finite differences, shown the spatial spread of COVID-19 from March 16 to June 16. Finally, scenarios of unlockdown are compared according to variation of distancing, or partially spatial lockdown.
On the Frobenius functor for symmetric tensor categories in positive characteristic
Authors: Etingof Pavel , Ostrik Victor
Published: October 2020

We develop a theory of Frobenius functors for symmetric tensor categories (STC)

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

over a field

𝒌

{\boldsymbol{k}}

of characteristic p, and give its applications to classification of such categories. Namely, we define a twisted-linear symmetric monoidal functor

F
:

𝒞
→

𝒞
⊠

Ver
p

{F:\mathcal{C}\to\mathcal{C}\boxtimes{\rm Ver}_{p}}

, where

Ver
p

{{\rm Ver}_{p}}

is the Verlinde category (the semisimplification of

Rep
𝐤

(

ℤ
/
p

)

{\mathop{\mathrm{Rep}}\nolimits_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathbb{Z}/p)}

); a similar construction of the underlying additive functor appeared independently in [K. Coulembier,
Tannakian categories in positive characteristic,
preprint 2019]. This generalizes the usual Frobenius twist functor in modular representation theory and also the one defined in [V. Ostrik,
On symmetric fusion categories in positive characteristic,
Selecta Math. (N.S.) 26 2020, 3, Paper No. 36], where it is used to show that if

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

is finite and semisimple, then it admits a fiber functor to

Ver
p

{{\rm Ver}_{p}}

. The main new feature is that when

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

is not semisimple, F need not be left or right exact, and in fact this lack of exactness is the main obstruction to the existence of a fiber functor

𝒞
→

Ver
p

{\mathcal{C}\to{\rm Ver}_{p}}

. We show, however, that there is a 6-periodic long exact sequence which is a replacement for the exactness of F, and use it to show that for categories with finitely many simple objects F does not increase the Frobenius–Perron dimension. We also define the notion of a Frobenius exact category, which is a STC on which F is exact, and define the canonical maximal Frobenius exact subcategory

𝒞
ex

{\mathcal{C}_{\rm ex}}

inside any STC

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

with finitely many simple objects. Namely, this is the subcategory of all objects whose Frobenius–Perron dimension is preserved by F. One of our main results is that a finite STC is Frobenius exact if and only if it admits a (necessarily unique) fiber functor to

Ver
p

{{\rm Ver}_{p}}

. This is the strongest currently available characteristic p version of Deligne’s theorem (stating that a STC of moderate growth in characteristic zero is the representation category of a supergroup). We also show that a sufficiently large power of F lands in

𝒞
ex

{\mathcal{C}_{\rm ex}}

. Also, in characteristic 2 we introduce a slightly weaker notion of an almost Frobenius exact category (namely, one having a fiber functor into the category of representations of the triangular Hopf algebra

𝒌
⁢

[
d
]

/

d
2

{\boldsymbol{k}[d]/d^{2}}

with d primitive and R-matrix

R
=

1
⊗
1

+

d
⊗
d

{R=1\otimes 1+d\otimes d}

), and show that a STC with Chevalley property is (almost) Frobenius exact. Finally, as a by-product, we resolve Question 2.15 of [P. Etingof and S. Gelaki,
Exact sequences of tensor categories with respect to a module category,
Adv. Math. 308 2017, 1187–1208].
Targeted design for adaptive clinical trials via semiparametric model
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Yuan Ao , Tan Ming T.
Published: October 2020

Precision medicine approach that assigns treatment according to an individual’s personal (including molecular) profile is revolutionizing health care. Existing statistical methods for clinical trial design typically assume a known model to estimate characteristics of treatment outcomes, which may yield biased results if the true model deviates far from the assumed one. This article aims to achieve model robustness in a phase II multi-stage adaptive clinical trial design. We propose and study a semiparametric regression mixture model in which the mixing proportions are specified according to the subjects’ profiles, and each sub-group distribution is only assumed to be unimodal for robustness. The regression parameters and the error density functions are estimated by semiparametric maximum likelihood and isotonic regression estimators. The asymptotic properties of the estimates are studied. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the method after a real data analysis.
Determination of catastrophic sets of a tubular chemical reactor by two-parameter continuation method
Authors: Berezowski Marek
Published: October 2020

The work relates to development and presentation a two-parameter continuation method for determining catastrophic sets of stationary states of a tubular chemical reactor with mass recycle. The catastrophic set is a set of extreme points occurring in the bifurcation diagrams of the reactor. There are many large IT systems that use the parametric continuation method. The most popular is AUTO’97. However, its use is sometimes not convenient. The method developed in this work allows to eliminate the necessity to use huge IT systems from the calculations. Unlike these systems, it can be inserted into the program as a short subroutine. In addition, this method eliminates time-consuming iterations from the calculations.
A Reassessment of the Location of the Mural Paintings in the Caliphal Palace of Samarra
Authors: Dahmani Fatma
Published: October 2020

The mural paintings discovered in the Caliphal Palace of the ʿAbbāsid city of Samarra constitute a rare example of figural decoration in an urban Islamic palace as well as one of the most important testimonies to Medieval mural paintings that have come down to us from the region. However, as with the rest of the Samarra finds, these paintings suffered significant damage and were published several years after their excavation (Herzfeld, E., Die Malereien von Samarra, Berlin 1927). Although valuable in many respects, this publication presents a breach of methodology, as it does not attend to either the archaeological or architectural contexts. It also contains several information gaps and inaccuracies. One of the main issues not properly addressed is the exact location of the paintings within the building. Researching various archival and museum collections and taking into account studies on the interpretation of the palace layout, this analysis has shown that the location of the paintings is much more complex than indicated in the publication; these were found in both private areas of the complex and in a few public ones too. This is confirmed by some medieval texts, which provide important information for the study of this material.
Die irdische Schönheit (ḥusn) und die göttliche Schönheit (ǧamāl)
Authors: Jacobi Renate
Published: October 2020

Ibn al-Fāriḍ (gest. 632/1235), einer der bedeutendsten Dichter des Sufismus, entwickelt in seinem großen Lehrgedicht „Die Ordnung des Weges“ (Naẓm as-sulūk) eine mystische Ästhetik, indem er beschreibt, wie der Mensch die göttliche Schönheit (ǧamāl) erkennen kann, die sich in der irdischen Schönheit (ḥusn) manifestiert. Beide arabischen Begriffe haben in seinen Versen keine moralische Konnotation, worin er sich von anderen Sufis unterscheidet. Es ist ein Prozess der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung, an dem Geist (rūḥ) und Seele (nafs), sowie alle Sinnesorgane beteiligt sind. In diesem Prozess nehmen die Sinne die irdische Schönheit wahr und melden sie der Seele. Diese gibt die Botschaft an den Geist weiter, der allein imstande ist, die göttliche Essenz in der Materie zu erkennen. Am Ende des mystischen Weges, den Ibn al-Fāriḍ aus eigener Erfahrung schildert, hat er selbst die Stufe der kosmischen Einheit erreicht. Dort ist jede Trennung in Mikrokosmos und Makrokosmos aufgehoben. Im Mikrokosmos, im Menschen, fallen alle körperlichen Funktionen zusammen, sind austauschbar. Auf der Ebene des Makrokosmos sind die irdische Schönheit und die göttliche Schönheit eins geworden.
Price Premiums and Discounts for Australian Sparkling Wines
Authors: Oczkowski Edward
Published: October 2020

This paper assesses the price premiums and discounts for nine sparkling wine types or names commonly employed in Australia. Hedonic wine price functions are estimated for 10 years of wine releases to identify the specific price impact of different sparkling wine types or names, after controlling for other wine price determining factors. Results identify that important price premiums occur with the use of blanc de blancs and other less common sparkling reds. An important price discount is estimated for prosecco wines. Sparkling wine type interactions with climatic regional conditions and cellaring potential also point to some interesting results. The estimates may have potentially important implications for the strategic use of wine types and names by producers and for consumers in identifying good valued sparkling wines.
Fault source investigation of the 6 December 2016 MwMw 6.5 Pidie Jaya, Indonesia, earthquake based on GPS and its implications of the geological survey result
Authors: Gunawan Endra , Nishimura Takuya , Susilo Susilo , Widiyantoro Sri , Puspito Nanang T. , Sahara David P. , Hanifa Nuraini Rahma , Hidayati Sri , Omang Amalfi , Agustan Agustan
Published: October 2020

On 6 December 2016 at 22:03 UTC, a devastating magnitude 6-class strike-slip earthquake occurred along an unidentified and unmapped fault in Pidie Jaya, northern Sumatra. We analysed the possible fault using continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observation available in the region. In our investigation, we searched for the fault source parameters of the north- and south-dipping left-lateral faults and the west- and east-dipping right-lateral faults. We identified that the fault responsible for the earthquake was located offshore, with a southwest-northeast direction. We also computed the Coulomb failure stress and compared the result with the distribution of the aftershocks. In this study, we demonstrated that the result of the geological field survey conducted soon after the mainshock was attributed to the secondary effects of ground shaking and near-surface deformation, and not surface faulting. The newly identified offshore fault proposed by this study calls for further investigation of the corresponding submarine morphological attributes in this particular region.
Mathematical modeling of optical impairments in DSP based WDM coherent system
Authors: Dahiya Sunil Kumar , Garg Amit Kumar
Published: October 2020

Optical transmission impairments are most critical reason to reduce both capacity and achievable transmission distance in optical communication system. Advanced modulation formats are important keys to reduce optical transmission impairments in digital signal processing (DSP) based coherent wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system. These formats are more robust to non-linearity of optical fiber and results in increasing both spectral efficiency and bandwidth. Coherent detection technique increases sensitivity of receiver up to 30 dB in comparison of direct detection. Simulink seems to be the best cost-effective platform for analyzing mathematical modeling of optical coherent system. In this paper, mathematical model has been developed to analyze the optical transmission impairments by employing the advanced polarization multiplexed QPSK modulation in DSP based WDM coherent system. The simulation results have shown bit error rate (BER) improvement up to 10−6 and enhanced transmission distance to 150 km. These values have seen to be in close proximity with experimental results. The developed mathematical model seems to be more useful for extending the existing WDM optical system for longer distances with acceptable BER.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-3-amino-benzenedisulfonato-κ2
N:O)-bis (3-methyl-isoquinoline-κN)silver(I)], C26H24N3O3SAg
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Han-Lin , Jiang Jin-Ke , Ma Si-Yu , Li Yong , Li Yu-Jie
Published: October 2020

C26H24N3O3SAg, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.1936(9) Å, b = 11.0544(7) Å, c = 16.3653(9) Å, β = 99.214(6)°, V = 2356.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0495, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1080, T = 293(2) K.
A Novel Way to Overcome Problems Arising in Strain Signal Measurements Leading to a Fatigue Failure Characterisation
Authors: Putra T.E. , Abdullah S. , Schramm D.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to identify the issues that arise when measuring a strain signal in order to characterise fatigue failure. In traditional methods, acquisition of a strain signal is constrained due to the presence of errors, time-consuming process and associated high cost. In this study, a new method for generating strain signals based on computer simulation was proposed. A strain gauge was positioned near the citical area pertaining to an automotive coil spring driven on road surfaces in order to measure strain signals. The strain signals were utilised for the inputs in the simulation. For validation purposes, the actual and simulated strain signals were examined by performing fatigue tests. The actual and simulated urban strain signals, respectively, required 412 and 415 reversals of blocks. For the rural road, the fatigue life was 137 and 139 reversals of blocks, respectively, for the actual and simulated strain signals. These indicated that simulated strain signals were accurately generated, providing a minimum fatigue life deviation, which was lower than 1.5 %. By developing the strain signals of a component through simulation, its integrity and fatigue failure can adequately be determined, thereby, saving the cost associated with operation and maintenance. Thus, the simulation is expected to assist the automotive industries involved with strain signal acquisition.
Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joint
Authors: Singh Kulwant , Singh Gurbhinder , Singh Harmeet
Published: October 2020

The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles, which also improves fuel efficiency. Amongst lightweight materials, magnesium alloys are attractive to the automotive sector as a structural material. Welding feasibility of magnesium alloys acts as an influential role in its usage for lightweight prospects. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an appropriate technique as compared to other welding techniques to join magnesium alloys. Field of friction stir welding is emerging in the current scenario. The friction stir welding technique has been selected to weld AZ91 magnesium alloys in the current research work. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the produced FSW butt joints have been investigated. Further, the influence of post welding heat treatment (at 260 °C for 1 h) on these properties has also been examined. Post welding heat treatment (PWHT) resulted in the improvement of the grain structure of weld zones which affected the mechanical performance of the joints. After heat treatment, the tensile strength and elongation of the joint increased by 12.6 % and 31.9 % respectively. It is proven that after PWHT, the microhardness of the stir zone reduced and a comparatively smoothened microhardness profile of the FSW joint obtained. No considerable variation in the location of the tensile fracture was witnessed after PWHT. The results show that the impact toughness of the weld joints further decreases after post welding heat treatment.
Association between frailty and risk of fall among diabetic patients
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Chen Zhiyuan , Li Ziyi , Chen Bo , Qi Yong , Li Guowei , Adachi Jonathan D
Published: October 2020

Background

Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the risk factors for fall, while few studies investigated the association between frailty and risk of fall in diabetic patients aged ≥45 years.

Methods

In this multicity observational study, participants with type 2 diabetes aged ≥45 years were enrolled. Frailty status was measured by a frailty index (FI) of deficit accumulation. We used multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between frailty and fall in diabetic patients, and further investigated the associations between frailty and fall in varied subgroups.

Results

A total of 2049 participants with type 2 diabetes were identified in our study. Our results showed a per-s.d. and a per-0.01 increment of FI were associated with an increased risk of fall, with a fully adjusted OR of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.38), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.09), respectively. The effects were magnified when frailty was considered as dichotomous, with an OR of 3.08 (95% CI: 2.18, 4.34). In further subgroup analyses, we found that the females, the older, rural residents, individuals with no sitting toilet, people with poor balance performance and those in poor health status were susceptible to fall. Especially, for the risk of fall in the older, a per-s.d. increase of FI corresponded to an OR of 2.46 (95% CI: 1.68, 3.62). When frailty was regarded as a binary variable, the effect increased to 4.62 (95% CI: 2.54, 8.38) in the older subgroup.

Conclusion

Frailty was associated with a higher risk of fall in people with type 2 diabetes, and the effects were higher in vulnerable groups. This evidence suggested that more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups for fall prevention.