bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niños/as indígenas en Bogotá, o de la dualidad vulnerable/agente
Authors: Sánchez Caro Carmen María
Published: September 2019

En Bogotá existen hoy en día diez estructuras de atención a la primera infancia indígena, reconocidas por el gobierno local. Estas instituciones proponen una modalidad de atención a la primera infancia, a partir de su componente étnico, reconocidos como una población vulnerable. A través de una metodología combinada, este artículo presenta el caso de tres espacios de atención y educación para los niños indígenas, dos convencionales y uno indígena, en donde la vulnerabilidad y la agencia son performadas por los niños. Los primeros resultados muestran que la agencia como la vulnerabilidad no son categorías dadas, sino más bien performativas y que dependen de la situación, sus limitaciones y posibilidades.
The Effectiveness Analysis of Loxon Body Mask on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cases Using a Rapid ARC Technique against the X, Y, and Z Coordinate On Board Imager in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Samsun Samsun , Apriantoro Nursama Heru , Sriyatun Sriyatun , Hidayat Wahyu , Kurniawan Rudi , Pangestu Singgang
Published: September 2019

Immobilization tools are used to reduce the movement during irradiation; one of the immobilization tools is Loxon Body Mask applied on the abdominal and pelvic regions. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Loxon Body Mask against changes in X, Y and Z coordinates. The study took place in the Radiotherapy Installation of MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi. Data were obtained from 10 secondary data samples of HCC patients with 20 times verification results consisting of X, Y, and Z coordinate values. Data on radiation area shift data were calculated to know the average and were analyzed graphically and statistically using one sample T-test. A shift at the X coordinate was 0.32 cm, Y coordinate was 0.20 cm, and Z coordinates was 0.34 cm. The application of Loxon Body Mask caused shifts in the radiation field; the causes could be imperfect mask application, the radiotherapy staff or the patients themselves.The average value of the shift in the radiation area in patients using Loxon Body Mask immobilization tool at X, Y, and Z coordinate was less than the tolerance value of 0.5 cm.
Tooth fracture frequency in gray wolves reflects prey availability
Authors: Van Valkenburgh Blaire , Peterson Rolf O , Smith Douglas W , Stahler Daniel R , Vucetich John A
Published: September 2019

Exceptionally high rates of tooth fracture in large Pleistocene carnivorans imply intensified interspecific competition, given that tooth fracture rises with increased bone consumption, a behavior that likely occurs when prey are difficult to acquire. To assess the link between prey availability and dental attrition, we documented dental fracture rates over decades among three well-studied populations of extant gray wolves that differed in prey:predator ratio and levels of carcass utilization. When prey:predator ratios declined, kills were more fully consumed, and rates of tooth fracture more than doubled. This supports tooth fracture frequency as a relative measure of the difficulty of acquiring prey, and reveals a rapid response to diminished food levels in large carnivores despite risks of infection and reduced fitness due to dental injuries. More broadly, large carnivore tooth fracture frequency likely reflects energetic stress, an aspect of predator success that is challenging to quantify in wild populations.
A mechanism in agrin signaling revealed by a prevalent Rapsyn mutation in congenital myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Xing Guanglin , Jing Hongyang , Zhang Lei , Cao Yu , Li Lei , Zhao Kai , Dong Zhaoqi , Chen Wenbing , Wang Hongsheng , Cao Rangjuan , Xiong Wen-Cheng , Mei Lin
Published: September 2019

Neuromuscular junction is a synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscles, where acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are concentrated to control muscle contraction. Studies of this synapse have contributed to our understanding of synapse assembly and pathological mechanisms of neuromuscular disorders. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms of NMJ formation was not well understood. To this end, we took a novel approach – studying mutant genes implicated in congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). We showed that knock-in mice carrying N88K, a prevalent CMS mutation of Rapsyn (Rapsn), died soon after birth with profound NMJ deficits. Rapsn is an adapter protein that bridges AChRs to the cytoskeleton and possesses E3 ligase activity. In investigating how N88K impairs the NMJ, we uncovered a novel signaling pathway by which Agrin-LRP4-MuSK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Rapsn, which is required for its self-association and E3 ligase activity. Our results also provide insight into pathological mechanisms of CMS.
Myogenic vasoconstriction requires G12/G13 and LARG to maintain local and systemic vascular resistance
Authors: Chennupati Ramesh , Wirth Angela , Favre Julie , Li Rui , Bonnavion Rémy , Jin Young-June , Wietelmann Astrid , Schweda Frank , Wettschureck Nina , Henrion Daniel , Offermanns Stefan
Published: September 2019

Myogenic vasoconstriction is an autoregulatory function of small arteries. Recently, G-protein-coupled receptors have been involved in myogenic vasoconstriction, but the downstream signalling mechanisms and the in-vivo-function of this myogenic autoregulation are poorly understood. Here, we show that small arteries from mice with smooth muscle-specific loss of G12/G13 or the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF12 have lost myogenic vasoconstriction. This defect was accompanied by loss of RhoA activation, while vessels showed normal increases in intracellular [Ca2+]. In the absence of myogenic vasoconstriction, perfusion of peripheral organs was increased, systemic vascular resistance was reduced and cardiac output and left ventricular mass were increased. In addition, animals with defective myogenic vasoconstriction showed aggravated hypotension in response to endotoxin. We conclude that G12/G13- and Rho-mediated signaling plays a key role in myogenic vasoconstriction and that myogenic tone is required to maintain local and systemic vascular resistance under physiological and pathological condition.
Why article-level metadata is important to monitor agreements
Authors: Marques Mafalda , Morthorst Anna Mette , Manista Frank
Published: September 2019

The Knowledge Exchange (KE) Monitoring Open Access (OA) task and finish group has undertaken research on agreements with OA elements (e.g. agreements with APC discounts, offsetting agreements, read and publish agreements) set between consortia from KE countries and major publishers between 2016 and early 2019. It assessed agreements with OA elements to investigate what OA article-level metadata consortia request from publishers and what metadata publishers deliver to consortia.

With more academic publishing agreements including OA elements, publishers must account for the articles published OA. For example, article processing charges may be paid directly by authors, institutions or research funders and the paying entity has the right to know what research it has funded. Another example includes agreements with a cap on the number of articles that can be published OA. In these cases, consortia and institutions must monitor how many articles are being published OA and they can only do so if publishers deliver OA article-level metadata reports on a regular basis.

With Plan S research funders requiring a full transition to OA by 2021, the delivery of OA metadata becomes critical to monitor publishers’ compliance with Plan S requirements for transformative arrangements.

In its research, the KE Monitoring OA group used recommendations issued by KE and the Efficiency and Standards for Article Charges (ESAC) initiative to develop a list of OA article-level metadata to evaluate if consortia requested OA metadata and if publishers delivered it. The research findings showed that not all consortia agreements requested the OA metadata as recommended by KE and ESAC. Most importantly, none of the publishers provided all the metadata that the consortia requested. Publishers also did not deliver exactly the same OA metadata across countries and this may be due lack of consistency in their practices.

The research findings can be used as a benchmark to monitor how major publishers were performing in KE countries until early 2019 and prior to Plan S comes into effect in 2021. To assist in the process OA metadata collection, the KE Monitoring OA task and finish group created a template based on the KE and ESAC recommendations that consortia can use as a guideline for what OA metadata to request from publishers and that publishers can use as a reporting tool.
Are we ready for Open Science?
Authors: Pfuhl Gerit
Published: September 2019

Scientists are curious, skeptical and critical. They try out new avenues, including open access publishing, but they might remain skeptical in adopting Open Science fully. There is thus conservatism in the publishing process itself that is independent of who pays for the article. But who to blame for a reluctance to provide open data, transparent experimental methods, or open peer review? I will argue that the culprit is the culture of academia which includes us researchers. The culture of academia is one of illusory freedom and full of traditions. It is also everything but immune of human biases and fallacies. Familiarity and fame influence where we publish, but also how we review and edit articles. As reviewers, our explorative nature lets us request fishing expeditions. As editors, being highly skeptical and critical, we may still misunderstand that a research hypothesis can lead to various statistical hypotheses. As authors, we may feel ownership of our data, confusing source with raw data. I have experienced – as an author of a pre-registered study with open data – the request to perform dubious additional statistical tests. As reviewer, I have more than once experienced that my request for more transparency and open data got rejected by editors. And as a journal editor, I have mixed experiences with authors making their data open, but also reviewers signing their peer review.
Yes, it is often true that open data practices during the publishing process take time. But time is saved if appropriate data management practices are implemented before data is collected. However, the culture of academia fosters permanent time constraints preventing learning new techniques and tools, and as such supporting bad habits. Incentives to mitigate the bad habits need to address the entire research process. Incentives should aim at saving time for the individual, not reshuffling who pays what and when.
In sum, there is willingness for Open Science, but not sufficient action.
Experimenting with Open Research Experiments
Authors: Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: September 2019

Keynote presentation.
Is it possible to do experimental music research completely openly? And what can we gain by opening up the research process from beginning to end? In the talk I will present MusicLab, an open research project at the University of Oslo. The aim is to explore new methods for conducting research, research communication, and education. Each MusicLab event is organized around a public music performance, during which we collect data from both musicians and audience members. Here we explore different types of sensing systems that work in real-world contexts, such as breathing, heartbeat, muscle tension, or motion. The events also contain an edutainment element through panel discussions as well as "data jockeying" in the form of live data analysis. The collected data is made publicly available, and forms the basis for further analysis and publications after the event. Opening up the research process is conceptually, practically, and technologically challenging for everyone involved. The benefit is that it has helped us solve a number of issues when it comes to GDPR and copyright. It has also pushed our research in directions that we previously had never thought about, and helped us communicate this to new users.
Laser Programmable Patterning of RGO/GO Janus Paper for Multiresponsive Actuators
Authors: Ma Jia‐Nan , Mao Jiang‐Wei , Han Dong‐Dong , Fu Xiu‐Yan , Wang Ya‐Xin , Zhang Yong‐Lai
Published: September 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) with tunable physical/chemical properties is a versatile material for smart bimorph actuators. Using GO or its derivatives (e.g., reduced GO, RGO) as an active material, actuators can be manipulated under various external stimuli including moisture, light, temperature, and electricity. However, most of these GO‐based actuators respond to a solo stimulus, which limits its cutting‐edge applications in soft robotics. Here, the programmable patterning of RGO/GO Janus paper using a threshold‐controlled direct laser writing (DLW) technology is reported. By combining the RGO/GO Janus paper with a common thermally expansive polymer layer, a moisture, light, and electricity multiresponsive actuator is fabricated, in which the RGO interlayer plays multiroles including moisture‐passive layer, photothermal/electrothermal layer, thermal conductive layer, and inert layer for thermal expansion. As a proof of concept, multiresponsive actuators including a bidirectional cantilever and a smart curtain are fabricated, demonstrating the great potential for developing soft robots.
Programmed Diffusion Induces Anisotropic Superstructures in Hydrogels with High Mechano‐Optical Sensitivity
Authors: Qiao Laicong , Du Cong , Gong Jian Ping , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang
Published: September 2019

Most soft biotissues possess intricate anisotropic superstructures, which afford living organism versatile functionalities. However, it remains a big challenge to develop such complex ordered structures in synthetic hydrogels. Here a simple and efficient strategy to fabricate periodically patterned hydrogels with complex anisotropic structures by diffusion‐induced orientation and gelation of a rigid polyanion is reported. Masks with well‐designed holes are used to direct the diffusion of multivalent metallic ions through the holes into the solution of rigid polyanions from one side or from two sides. Various periodically ordered structures are facilely formed under such a programmed diffusion field, which is tunable by pattern design and relative position of the masks. The mechanical properties of the thus formed physical gels can be effectively improved by incorporating a flexible and sparsely cross‐linked network, whereas the intricate superstructures are well maintained. The periodic birefringence pattern of this robust, anisotropic hydrogel is highly sensitive to the mechanical stress and strain, showing promising applications as optical devices and mechano‐optical sensors. The strategy demonstrated here should be applicable to other diffusion‐reaction systems toward designing biomimetic materials with intricate structures and versatile functions.
A Strategy of NIR Dual‐Excitation Upconversion for Ratiometric Intracellular Detection
Authors: Ke Jianxi , Lu Shan , Shang Xiaoying , Liu Yan , Guo Hanhan , You Wenwu , Li Xingjun , Xu Jin , Li Renfu , Chen Zhuo , Chen Xueyuan
Published: September 2019

Intracellular detection is highly desirable for biological research and clinical diagnosis, yet its quantitative analysis with noninvasivity, sensitivity, and accuracy remains challenging. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) dual‐excitation strategy is reported for ratiometric intracellular detection through the design of dye‐sensitized upconversion probes and employment of a purpose‐built NIR dual‐laser confocal microscope. NIR dye IR808, a recognizer of intracellular analyte hypochlorite, is introduced as energy donor and Yb,Er‐doped NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles are adopted as energy acceptor in the as‐designed nanoprobes. The efficient analyte‐dependent energy transfer and low background luminescence endow the nanoprobes with ultrahigh sensitivity. In addition, with the nonanalyte‐dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) excited by 980 nm as a self‐calibrated signal, the interference from environmental fluctuation can be alleviated. Furthermore, the dual 808/980 nm excited ratiometric UCL is demonstrated for the quantification of the level of intracellular hypochlorite. Particularly, the intrinsic hypochlorite with only nanomolar concentration in live MCF‐7 cells in the absence of exogenous stimuli is determined. Such an NIR dual‐excitation ratiometric strategy based on dye‐sensitized UCL probes can be easily extended to detect various intracellular analytes through tailoring the reactive NIR dyes, which provides a promising tool for probing biochemical processes in live cells and diagnosing diseases.
Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles
Authors: Ng Antony Wing Hung , Yee Chi‐Chung , Au‐Yeung Ho Yu
Published: September 2019

A pair of radial [5]catenanes, with either an isomeric cyclic ‐AABB‐ or ‐ABAB‐ type sequence of the interlocked β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) units, has been efficiently synthesized. Because of a marked difference in the binding strength and interlocking sequence of the peripheral macrocycles, interesting sequence‐dependent properties, characteristic of mechanically bonded macrocycles, were realized. Variable‐temperature1H NMR studies showed that the ‐ABAB‐ isomer has a more independent β‐CD dynamic, whereas the β‐CD motions in the ‐AABB‐ isomer are coupled. Dynamics of the pH‐insensitive β‐CD can also be further modulated upon base‐triggered mobilization of the CB[6]. These unique properties of the mechanical bond expressed in a sequence‐specific fashion and the transmission of the control on the macrocycle dynamics from one interlocked component to another, highlight the potential of similar complex hetero[n]catenanes in the design of advanced, multicomponent molecular machines.
Asymmetric Desymmetrization of Oxetanes for the Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydrothiophenes and Tetrahydroselenophenes
Authors: Zhang Renwei , Guo Wengang , Duan Meng , Houk K. N. , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2019

Chiral tetrahydrothiophenes and tetrahydroselenophenes are highly useful structural units. Described here is a new catalytic asymmetric approach for their synthesis. With a suitable chiral Brønsted acid catalyst, an oxetane desymmetrization by a well‐positioned internal sulfur or selenium nucleophile proceeded efficiently to generate all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivities. Taming the sulfur and selenium nucleophile in the form of a thioester and selenoester, respectively, is crucial to the success of this work. This approach also allows the facile synthesis of chiral tetrahydrothiopyrans. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations, suggested an intramolecular acyl‐transfer pathway. Utilities of the chiral products are also demonstrated.
Greatly Improving Electrochemical N2 Reduction over TiO2 Nanoparticles by Iron Doping
Authors: Wu Tongwei , Zhu Xiaojuan , Xing Zhe , Mou Shiyong , Li Chengbo , Qiao Yanxia , Liu Qian , Luo Yonglan , Shi Xifeng , Zhang Yanning , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2019

Titanium‐based catalysts are needed to achieve electrocatalytic N2 reduction to NH3 with a large NH3 yield and a high Faradaic efficiency (FE). One of the cheapest and most abundant metals on earth, iron, is an effective dopant for greatly improving the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance of TiO2 nanoparticles in ambient N2‐to‐NH3 conversion. In 0.5 m LiClO4, Fe‐doped TiO2 catalyst attains a high FE of 25.6 % and a large NH3 yield of 25.47 μg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.40 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. This performance compares favorably to those of all previously reported titanium‐ and iron‐based NRR electrocatalysts in aqueous media. The catalytic mechanism is further probed with theoretical calculations.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching in Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Ma Jia‐Liang , Peng Qian , Zhao Cui‐Hua
Published: September 2019

The circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switching is of significant interest for applications in security technologies and sensing devices. Small organic molecules (SOMs) show several advantages over metal complexes, supramolecular assemblies, and polymers. Therefore, the recent progress on the CPL switching in SOMs is here reviewed. The results are summarized based on the strategies used to tune factors that influence the emission properties, and thus, to realize CPL switching. The strategies that have been adopted include promoting the excimer formation of fluorescent units, changing the conformation of fluorophores, tuning the electronic structure of the π‐skeleton/substituent, and modulating the intramolecular charge‐transfer dynamics.
Extended Alkenyl and Alkynyl Benzotriazoles with Enhanced Two‐Photon Absorption Properties as a Promising Alternative to Benzothiadiazoles
Authors: Torres‐Moya Iván , Benitez‐Martin Carlos , Donoso Beatriz , Tardío Carlos , Martín Raúl , Carrillo José R. , Díaz‐Ortiz Ángel , Najera Francisco , Prieto Pilar , Perez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel
Published: September 2019

A series of donor–π–acceptor–π–donor (D‐π‐A‐π‐D) benzoazole dyes with 2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole or BTD cores have been prepared and their photophysical properties characterized. The properties of these compounds display remarkable differences, mainly as a result of the electron‐donor substituent. Dyes with the best properties have visible‐light absorption over λ=400 nm, large Stokes shifts in the range of about 3500–6400 cm−1, and good fluorescence emission with quantum yields of up to 0.78. The two‐photon absorption properties were also studied to establish the relationship between structure and properties in the different compounds synthesized. These results provided cross sections of up to 1500 GM, with a predominance of S2←S0 transitions and a high charge‐transfer character. Time‐dependent DFT calculations supported the experimental results.
Molecularly Mixed Composite Membranes: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Zhu Guanghui , O'Nolan Daniel , Lively Ryan P.
Published: September 2019

The fabrication of porous molecules, such as metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs), porous organic cages (POCs) and others, has given rise to the potential for creating “solid solutions” of molecular fillers and polymers. Such solid solutions circumvent longstanding interface issues associated with mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), and are referred to as molecularly mixed composite membranes (MMCMs) to distinguish them from traditional two‐phase MMMs. Early investigations of MMCMs highlight the advantages of solid solutions over MMMs, including dispersion of the filler, anti‐plasticization of the polymer network, and removal of deleterious interfacial issues. However, the exact microscopic structure as well as the transport modality in this new class of membrane are not well understood. Moreover, there are clear engineering challenges that need to be addressed for MMCMs to transition into the field. In this Minireview, the authors outline several scientific and technological challenges associated with the aforementioned questions and their suggestions to tackle them.
Organometallic Gold(III) Complexes with Tridentate Halogen‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazones: Effects of Halogenation on Cytotoxicity and Anti‐Parasitic Activity
Authors: Salsi Federico , Bulhões Portapilla Gisele , Schutjajew Konstantin , Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Goulart Amanda , Hagenbach Adelheid , de Albuquerque Sérgio , Abram Ulrich
Published: September 2019

Chemical properties and biological activity of Au(III) compounds obtained from dichlorido[2‐(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl‐C1,N]gold(III), [Au(damp‐C1,N)Cl2], and halogenated, potentially tridentate thiosemicarbazones have been studied. The results of this work show that the complexation of the halogenated thiosemicarbazones with Au(III) enhances their stability against hydrolysis and retains or enhances their anti‐parasitic activity. Fluorination in the periphery of the ligands has expectedly no influence on the structural chemistry of the obtained Au(III) complexes, but modulates their biological behaviour. Best results with a remarkably high selectivity index for the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi were obtained with the complex containing the ligand, which presents a 3,5‐fluorine substitution in meta‐position of an aromatic ring, [Au(dampH)(L‐3,5‐F)]Cl.
Mechanistic Investigation of Au(III)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of N‐Propargylcarboxamides
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Liu Peng , Ling Baoping , Chen Guang , Chen Tao , Li Yulin , Bi Siwei , Zhang Dongju
Published: September 2019

DFT calculations of the AuCl3‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of N‐(propargyl)benzamide (1) have been conducted to reveal the detailed mechanism resulting in the bioactive 2,5‐disubstituted oxazole. A viable mechanism is established, featuring the co‐catalysis of the oxazoline‐AuCl3 adduct. An oxazoline intermediate is afforded firstly by AuCl3 coordination with 1, 5‐exo‐dig‐cyclization, stepwise 1‐assisted protodeauration and coordination exchange. Once formed, the oxazoline species would replace 1 to assist the protodeauration, generating the oxazoline‐AuCl3 adduct. In the last stage, significantly different from the simple deprotonation followed by protodeauration reported previously, the exo‐cyclic C atom of the oxazoline accepts the adjacent allyl H atom of the oxazoline‐AuCl3 to produce a zwitterionic intermediate, from which the allyl H atom of oxazoline fragment transfers to the allyl C atom of the adduct moiety, affording the final oxazole product and regenerating the oxazoline‐AuCl3. The present theoretical study provides new insight into the mechanism of the unusual cycloisomerization reaction.
Dung Beetle Body Condition: A Tool for Disturbance Evaluation in Contaminated Pastures
Authors: Villada-Bedoya Sebastián , Córdoba-Aguilar Alex , Escobar Federico , Martínez-Morales Imelda , González-Tokman Daniel
Published: September 2019

The use of veterinary medical products and herbicides is a common practice in intensified livestock systems. These compounds affect nontarget organisms that perform important ecosystem functions, such as dung beetles. The assessment of body condition allows us to determine how individuals respond to changes in the environment. However, assessments of how contamination associated with cattle farming affects coprophagous insects such as dung beetles have not been conducted in natural systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) and herbicides on the body condition of 3 species of dung beetles collected in the field: Copris incertus, Euoniticellus intermedius, and Digitonthophagus gazella. We recorded 3 condition indicators (body size, lipid mass, and muscle mass) of beetles collected from 19 livestock ranches in northeastern Mexico. In general, the use of ivermectin had adverse effects on C. incertus and E. intermedius whereas the effects were positive for D. gazella. Conversely, the use of herbicides had adverse effects on D. gazella and positive effects on C. incertus. The different effects of ivermectin and herbicides found in males and females show that sex can be important in determining individual responses to environmental contamination. Importantly, we provide the first evidence under natural conditions that native and exotic species of dung beetles are highly sensitive to different types of livestock management, with veterinary medications and herbicides having the ability to alter body condition. Changes in dung beetle condition can reduce the ecosystem services that dung beetles provide in livestock systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2392–2404. © 2019 SETAC
Nonsymmetric 2‐(v,k,λ) designs, with (r,λ)  = 1, admitting a solvable flag‐transitive automorphism group of affine type
Authors: Biliotti Mauro , Montinaro Alessandro , Rizzo Pierluigi
Published: September 2019

Nonsymmetric designs, with , admitting a solvable flag‐transitive automorphism group of affine type not contained in are classified.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0053277 promotes the development of colorectal cancer by upregulating matrix metallopeptidase 14 via miR‐2467‐3p sequestration
Authors: Xiao Hongqi , Liu Ming
Published: September 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a kind of human gastrointestinal cancer, has been reported to be one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Increasing evidence has indicated that circular RNAs exert significant effects on the development of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, whether hsa_circ_0053277 regulates the progression of CRC remains to be explored. In this study, our results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0053277 was markedly upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0053277 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in CRC. miR‐2467‐3p had a binding site for hsa_circ_0053277. Molecular mechanism assays confirmed that hsa_circ_0053277 could bind with miR‐2467‐3p. In addition, hsa_circ_0053277 accelerated cell proliferation rate by acting as a sponge for miR‐2467‐3p in CRC. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) expression was notably upregulated in CRC cells and MMP14 was a downstream target gene of miR‐2467‐3p. Besides, hsa_circ_0053277 positively regulated MMP14 expression while miR‐2467‐3p negatively regulated MMP14 expression. Rescue assays verified that MMP14 knockdown countervailed the function of miR‐2467‐3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, and EMT process in CRC. To sum up, hsa_circ_0053277 facilitated the development of CRC by sponging miR‐2467‐3p to upregulate MMP14 expression.
EMAST status as a beneficial predictor of fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage II/III colorectal cancer
Authors: Mohammadpour Somayeh , Goodarzi Hamed R. , Jafarinia Mojtaba , Porhoseingholi Mohammad A. , Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad Ehsan
Published: September 2019

Background

Elevated microsatellite alteration at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) is a type of microsatellite instability that occurs in ∼60% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and associated with MSH3 dysfunction. A 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐related cytotoxicity is attenuated in MSH3‐deficient colon cancer cells. Reported here is the predictive value of EMAST in CRCs with Stage II or III disease treated with 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

EMAST status was analyzed in 157 patients with CRC with Stage II or III disease and MSH3 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The patients treated with 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy were studied in terms of the links of EMAST status with MSH3 expression, clinicopathological features, and overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 63 patients (40.1%) had EMAST positive (EMAST+) CRC and 77 patients (49.0%) had low MSH3 expression. EMAST+ tumors were associated with advanced TNM stage and poor and moderately differentiated tumor. EMAST CRC was more frequently observed in tumors with low expression of MSH3 in the nucleus (n = 53; 84.1%, p < .001). On multivariate analysis, patients with EMAST+ status had a worse OS (hazard ratio: 2.489, 95% confidence interval [1.149–5.394], and p = .021). Worse OS in EMAST+ patients who received 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy was significantly more common compared with EMAST− CRCs.

Conclusion

There is a link between EMAST and reduced nuclear expression of MSH3. There is worse survival in patients with EMAST+ CRC after 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy. According to our findings, adjuvant 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy might not be advantageous in EMAST+ CRCs with Stage II or III disease.
Elective neck dissection (END) and cN0 hard palate and upper gingival cancers: A National Cancer Database analysis of factors predictive of END and impact on survival
Authors: Obayemi Adetokunbo , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Husain Qasim , Rahmati Rahmatullah , Roman Benjamin R. , Cohen Marc A.
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives

The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the utility of neck dissection in the clinically negative (cN0) neck.

Materials and Methods

Using the National Cancer Database, cN0 patients diagnosed with SCC of the head and neck with the subsites of the hard palate and upper gingiva were identified from 2004 to 2014.

Results

A total of 1830 patients were identified, and END was performed on 422 patients with cN0 tumors. Pathologically positive nodes occurred in 14% (59/422) of patients in this cohort. Higher tumor stage, academic hospital type, and large hospital volume (>28 cancer‐specific cases/year) were associated with a higher likelihood of END both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < .05). Patients >80 years of age were less likely to receive END on multivariate analysis (OR 0.52, 0.32‐0.84). No variables, including advanced T stage, predicted occult metastases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that patients who underwent END demonstrated improved OS over an 11‐year period (hazard ratio 0.75, P = .002). On subgroup analysis, this improvement was significant in patients with both stage T1 and T4 tumors.

Conclusions

Tumor stage, hospital type, and hospital volume were associated with higher rates of END for patients with cN0 hard palate SCC and after controlling for clinical factors, END was associated with improved overall survival.
From desire to help to taking action: Effects of personal traits and social media on market mavens’ diffusion of information
Authors: Kiani Isar , Laroche Michel
Published: September 2019

While extant research has studied traits of market mavens and the link from mavenism to market helping behavior, there is a need for more research to understand personal and contextual factors that influence actual recommendations of products and differences among market mavens with different traits in that respect. In this study, we took research in the area of market mavenism one step further and investigated the role of personal traits such as self‐esteem and susceptibility to normative interpersonal influence, and the contextual factor of social media, in the frequency of recommendations. We hypothesize that while market mavens with lower self‐esteem are likely to engage in less frequent recommendations, negative effect of their lower self‐esteem is attenuated when they use social media platforms as their medium of choice. Our findings lend support to our hypotheses, including the triple interaction effect between self‐esteem, choice of social media, and market mavenism on market recommendations.
Compassionate Use of Cefiderocol in the Treatment of an Intraabdominal Infection Due to Multidrug‐Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Case Report
Authors: Stevens Ryan W. , Clancy Megan
Published: September 2019

Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections often represent a therapeutic challenge requiring utilization of older, more toxic antibiotics, or new agents with limited data. Once susceptibility to β‐lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics has been lost, other therapeutic options such as aminoglycoside or polymyxin antibiotics carry significant adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. A novel cephalosporin, cefiderocol, lacks gram‐positive and anaerobic activity but offers broad coverage of gram‐negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. A unique catechol side chain gives it activity as a siderophore, thereby increasing bacterial uptake and decreasing efflux. Additionally, cefiderocol is stable against a wide array of β‐lactamases. Despite these promising characteristics, there are minimal data currently available in the literature detailing the use of cefiderocol in the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa infections. We present a case of a 46‐year‐old man who developed an MDR P. aeruginosa intraabdominal infection where serious and life‐threatening toxicities to aminoglycosides and polymyxin antibiotics led to the utilization of cefiderocol on compassionate use approval. The isolate was susceptible to cefiderocol, and the patient was treated for 28 days of therapy. He demonstrated clinical and radiographic resolution of his infection and was discharged to home.
Fused Chromeno‐Thieno/Furo‐Pyridines as Potential Analogs of Lamellarin D and their Anticancer Activity Evaluation
Authors: Kumar T. Uday , Bobde Yamini , Pulya Sravani , Rangan Krishnan , Ghosh Balaram , Bhattacharya Anupam
Published: September 2019

A linear route for the preparation of chromeno‐thio/furo‐pyridine system as potential analogs for anticancer compound lamellarin D is reported in this paper. The target molecules were obtained in modest to good yields by using FeCl3 catalyzed modified Pictet‐Spengler reaction as the crucial final step. Compounds bearing furan rings showed higher overall yield compared to their thiophene congeners. Final molecules were subjected to anticancer activity screening against three different cancer cell lines. Compounds bearing fused furan rings showed better activity, with the best IC50 value (6.83 μM) obtained when 4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6H‐chromeno[3,4‐b]furo[3,2‐d]pyridin‐6‐one was screened against MCF‐7 (breast cancer) cell lines.
Soil aquifer treatment to meet reclaimed water requirements
Authors: Shabani Farzaneh , Aflaki Roshanak , Minamide Traci , Venezia Teresa , Stenstrom Michael K.
Published: September 2019

To increase the opportunities and reduce the cost of indirect potable reuse, soil aquifer treatment (SAT) was evaluated at the City of Los Angeles' Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant (DCTWRP) in a 2.5‐year pilot study. Six soil columns were operated between February 2016 and November 2018 treating DCTWRP effluent. The goal was to reduce the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the effluent to lower concentrations in order to increase the allowable volumes for reclamation. An integrated part of the study was to evaluate the biodegradability of organics in different waters using biodegradable (BDOC) analyses. BDOC has been used in similar research in the past, and in this research, BDOC was an accurate predictor of column performance in removing organic carbon. The total organic carbon in tertiary DCTWRP effluent was reduced from 7 to 10 mg/L to 0.9 to 2.5 mg/L through a process train beginning with ozonation of the tertiary effluent, followed by biological activated carbon, and finally to the soil column effluents. Additional short‐term treatments including reverse osmosis, additional ozonation, and low‐pressure UV were also evaluated. The soil columns removed N‐nitrosodimethylamine to detection limits. Finally, results from SAT and BDOC were used to develop a kinetic model to predict biodegradation of organic matter of wastewater origin through a soil aquifer system.

Practitioner points

Soil aquifer treatment is often used in indirect potable reuse projects to protect aquifers.

Soil aquifer treatment was simulated in six pilot columns for 2.5 years.

Columns were fed tertiary effluent from a nutrient‐removal type‐activated sludge plant.

Effluent TOC was reduced from 10 mg/L to 0.9 to 2.5 mg/L, and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was also removed.

Biodegradable organic carbon analyses accurately predicted soil column performance in removing organic carbon.
Minimax estimation of a bivariate cumulative distribution function
Authors: Połoczański Rafał , Wilczyński Maciej
Published: September 2019

The problem of estimating a bivariate cumulative distribution function F under the weighted squared error loss and the weighted Cramer–von Mises loss is considered. No restrictions are imposed on the unknown function F. Estimators, which are minimax among procedures being affine transformation of the bivariate empirical distribution function, are found. Then it is proved that these procedures are minimax among all decision rules. The result for the weighted squared error loss is generalized to the case where F is assumed to be a continuous cumulative distribution function. Extensions to higher dimensions are briefly discussed.
Understanding Business Disruption and Economic Losses Due to Electricity Failures and Flooding
Authors: Koks Elco , Pant Raghav , Thacker Scott , Hall Jim W.
Published: September 2019

Failure of critical national infrastructures can cause disruptions with widespread economic impacts. To analyze these economic impacts, we present an integrated modeling framework that combines: (1) geospatial information on infrastructure assets/networks and the natural hazards to which they are exposed; (2) geospatial modeling of the reliance of businesses upon infrastructure services, in order to quantify disruption to businesses locations and economic activities in the event of infrastructure failures; and (3) multiregional supply-use economic modeling to analyze wider economic impacts of disruptions to businesses. The methodology is exemplified through a case study for the United Kingdom. The study uses geospatial information on the location of electricity infrastructure assets and local industrial areas, and employs a multiregional supply-use model of the UK economy that traces the impacts of floods of different return intervals across 37 subnational regions of the UK. The results show up to a 300% increase in total economic losses when power outages are included in the risk assessment, compared to analysis that just includes the economic impacts of business interruption due to flooded business premises. This increase indicates that risk studies that do not include failure of critical infrastructures may be underestimating the total losses.
Bounded interdisciplinarity: critical interdisciplinary perspectives on context and evidence in behavioural public policies
Authors: FEITSMA JORAM , WHITEHEAD MARK
Published: September 2019

A behavioural public policy movement has flourished within the global policy realm. While this movement has been deemed interdisciplinary, incorporating behavioural science theories and methods in a neoclassical economics-governed policy process, this paper analyses the bounded form of interdisciplinarity that characterizes it. We claim that an engagement is missing with the broader sweep of social sciences, which share similar concerns but deploy different analytical perspectives from those of behavioural public policy. Focusing on two central concepts (context and evidence), we aim to show how behavioural public policy's bounded interdisciplinarity implies constrained understandings of context and evidence, thereby limiting its complex problem-solving abilities. At the same time, we highlight some alternative examples of behavioural public policy practice that do explore new critical interdisciplinary horizons.
Legal Rules for the Response and Recuperation Before the Phenomenon of El Niño Costero, Peru, 2017
Authors: Bambaren Celso , Alatrista Maria del Socorro
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify regulations that were established and implemented as an emergency disaster response to intense rain and floods generated by the El Niño coastal phenomenon.

Methods:

A search was conducted for the legal norms approved and published between December 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017, in El Peruano, Peru’s official newspaper. Twenty legal norms involved disaster emergency response, rehabilitation, and the reconstruction of the affected regions.

Results:

Forty-six legal norms were identified, of which 41% were aimed at the declaration of emergencies and alerts, 22% to facilitate the management of economic resources, and 13% for coordination actions. Sixty-two percent of the approved standards were set for the regional level, 22% for the national level, 7% for the municipal level, and the remaining 10% corresponded with more than 1 level of government.

Conclusions:

The actions during and after the El Niño coastal phenomenon required the approval of standards included in the legal framework of Peru’s disaster risk management, as well as a large number of unforeseen standards to address existing regulatory gaps and specific problems that occurred during this natural disaster.
The Terminology of Borrowing
Authors: Blackburn Manuella
Published: September 2019

This article specifically addresses electroacoustic music compositions that borrow from existing musical and sound resources. Investigating works that borrow and thrive upon existing sound sources presents an array of issues regarding terminology, authorship and creativity. Embedding borrowed elements into new electroacoustic music goes beyond the simplicity of ‘cut and paste’ as composers approach this practice with new and novel techniques. Musical borrowings have been widely studied in fields of popular and classical music, from cover songs to quotations and from pastiches to theme and variations; however, borrowings that take place within the field of electroacoustic music can be less clear or defined, and demand a closer look. Because the components and building blocks of electroacoustic music are often recorded sound, the categories of borrowing become vast; thus incidences of borrowing, in some shape or form, can appear inevitable or unavoidable when composing. The author takes on this issue and proposes a new framework for categorising borrowings as a helpful aid for others looking to sample in new compositional work, as well as for further musicological study. The article will consider the compositional process of integration and reworking of borrowed material, using a repertoire study to showcase the variety of techniques in play when sound materials change hands, composer to composer. Terminology already in use by others to describe sound borrowing in electroacoustic music will be investigated in an effort to show the multitude of considerations and components in action when borrowing takes place. Motivations for borrowing, borrowing types, borrowing durations, copying as imitation, and composers’ reflections upon borrowing will all be considered within the article, along with discussions on programmatic development and embedding techniques. At the heart of this article, the author aims to show how widespread and pervasive borrowing is within the electroacoustic repertoire by drawing attention to varieties of sound transplants, all considered as acts of borrowing.
Interseeded annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover tolerance to residual herbicides commonly used in corn
Authors: Brooker Aaron P , Sprague Christy L , Renner Karen A
Published: September 2019

Cover cropping is limited by seasonal constraints following corn harvest in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Grass, clover, and brassica cover crops can be interseeded in corn; however, this is problematic because cover crops must tolerate herbicide applications to manage weeds. The objective of this research was to determine the tolerance of broadcast interseeded annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover to PRE and POST residual herbicide applications in corn. From 2016 to 2018 field trials were conducted in Michigan to determine the tolerance of annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover to 13 PRE and 14 POST (applied to V2 corn) herbicides. Cover crops were interseeded into corn at the V3 and V6 stages. Greenhouse experiments to evaluate these species were also conducted from 2016 to 2018; PRE and POST herbicides were applied at 1×, 0.5×, and 0.25× (0.25× was PRE only) of field-application rates. Based on these results, annual ryegrass can be interseeded into V3 or V6 corn following a PRE application of atrazine, clopyralid, saflufenacil, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, or mesotrione, or a POST application of atrazine, bromoxynil, or mesotrione. Oilseed radish can be interseeded into V3 or V6 corn following a PRE application of clopyralid, atrazine, S-metolachlor, bicyclopyrone, or isoxaflutole or at V6 following application of acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, or mesotrione. Oilseed radish can also be interseeded following POST application of atrazine (571 g ai ha−1), bromoxynil, fluthiacet, acetochlor, mesotrione, dicamba + diflufenzopyr, or dimethenamid-P + topramezone. In greenhouse trials, crimson clover was tolerant to rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE. Annual ryegrass and oilseed radish can be interseeded into corn at the V3 and V6 stages, but special attention must be given to cover crop species selection and herbicide label restrictions when following herbicide applications in corn.