bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Optical Communications and Networking: Prospects in Industrial Applications
Authors: Pan Zhongqi , Wang Qiang , Yue Yang , Huang Hao , Bao Changjing
Published: January 2020

In the past two decades, Internet traffic has increased by over 10,000 times by taking advantage of both efficient information processing technology in the electronic domain and efficient transmission technology in the optical domain, which are the foundation of today’s Internet infrastructure [...]
A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Lauwaet Dirk , Maiheu Bino , De Ridder Koen , Boënne Wesley , Hooyberghs Hans , Demuzere Matthias , Verdonck Marie-Leen
Published: January 2020

In urban areas, high air temperatures and heat stress levels greatly affect human thermal comfort and public health, with climate change further increasing the mortality risks. This study presents a high resolution (100 m) modelling method, including detailed offline radiation calculations, that is able to efficiently calculate outdoor heat stress for entire urban agglomerations for a time period spanning several months. A dedicated measurement campaign was set up to evaluate model performance, yielding satisfactory results. As an example, the modelling tool was used to assess the effectiveness of green areas and water surfaces to cool air temperatures and wet bulb globe temperatures during a typical hot day in the city of Ghent (Belgium), since the use of vegetation and water bodies are shown to be promising in mitigating the adverse effects of urban heat islands and improving thermal comfort. The results show that air temperature reduction is most profound over water surfaces during the afternoon, while open rural areas are coolest during the night. Radiation shading from trees, and to a lesser extent, from buildings, is found to be most effective in reducing wet bulb globe temperatures and improving thermal comfort during the warmest moments of the day.
Validation of a Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Screening Method for Coffee Quality and Authenticity (NMR Coffee Screener)
Authors: Okaru Alex O. , Scharinger Andreas , Rajcic de Rezende Tabata , Teipel Jan , Kuballa Thomas , Walch Stephan G. , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: January 2020

Monitoring coffee quality as a means of detecting and preventing economically motivated fraud is an important aspect of international commerce today. Therefore, there is a compelling need for rapid high throughput validated analytical techniques such as quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening and authenticity testing. For this reason, we sought to validate an 1H NMR spectroscopic method for the routine screening of coffee for quality and authenticity. A factorial experimental design was used to investigate the influence of the NMR device, extraction time, and nature of coffee on the content of caffeine, 16-O-methylcafestol (OMC), kahweol, furfuryl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in coffee. The method was successfully validated for specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and linearity of detector response. The proposed method produced satisfactory precision for all analytes in roasted coffee, except for kahweol in canephora (robusta) coffee. The proposed validated method may be used for routine screening of roasted coffee for quality and authenticity control (i.e., arabica/robusta discrimination), as its applicability was demonstrated during the recent OPSON VIII Europol-Interpol operation on coffee fraud control.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Marhuenda Javier , Perez Silvia , Victoria-Montesinos Desirée , Abellán María Salud , Caturla Nuria , Jones Jonathan , López-Román Javier
Published: January 2020

The location and quantity of body fat determine the health risks, limiting people with obesity. Recently, polyphenols have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential use for the reduction of obesity. A proprietary formula comprised of a blend of Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa has been recognized for its high content of polyphenols, powerful antioxidant molecules that may prevent weight gain and could be helpful for the treatment of obesity, as proven previously by in vivo models. The aim of the present study is to determine if the supplementation with Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa is useful for the treatment of obesity and/or weight control in subjects without a controlled diet. The intake of the extract for 84 days reduced body weight, the body mass index, and the fat mass measured with both bioimpedance and densitometry. This decrease in fat mass was observed to a greater extent, being significant, in the fat mass of the trunk (chest and torso).
(Re)constructing Conceptualizations of Health and Resilience among Native Hawaiians
Authors: Antonio Mapuana C. K. , Keaulana Samantha , Chung-Do Jane J. , Ho-Lastimosa Ilima
Published: January 2020

Biomedical definitions of health have conventionally taken problem-based approaches to health, which may disregard indigenous perspectives of health that take a holistic approach and emphasize the importance of maintaining balance between physical, mental, and spiritual health and relationships maintained with others, the land, and the spiritual realm. Resilience-based approaches to health have been shown to foster strengths in indigenous communities, including the Native Hawaiian community, which leads to more positive health outcomes. The research questions of this paper asked, “how do Native Hawaiians conceptualize health and the concept of resilience specific to health?”. Qualitative methods were employed to explore the concept of resilience from the perspective of 12 Native Hawaiian adults. Community leaders and key stakeholders aided in the purposive recruitment process. The themes of this study include: (1) health maintained through balance, (2) being unhealthy vs. being ill, (3) the concept of colonialism and resulting adversities, and (4) protective and resilience factors that foster health. Cultural values and cultural practices may address concerns related to health disparities that stem from cultural and historical trauma, determinants of health, and environmental changes. Health interventions that are culturally-, family-, spiritually-, and land-based may particularly aid in responsiveness to health programs.
A Scoping Review of Cognitive Bias in Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorders
Authors: Chia Doris X.Y. , Zhang Melvyn W.B.
Published: January 2020

Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorders are increasingly prevalent. Whilst there has been much focus on the use of conventional psychological approaches in the treatment of individuals with these addictive disorders, there has also been ongoing research exploring the potential of cognitive bias modification amongst individuals with Internet and gaming addiction. Some studies have documented the presence of cognitive biases and the effectiveness of bias modification for Internet addiction and gaming disorders. However, there have not been any reviews that have synthesized the findings related to cognitive biases for Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorders. It is important for us to undertake a scoping review as an attempt to map out the literature for cognitive biases in Internet addiction and gaming disorders. A scoping review was undertaken, and articles were identified using a search through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Six articles were identified. There were differences in the methods of ascertaining whether an individual has an underlying Internet or gaming addiction, as several different instruments have been used. With regards to the characteristics of the cognitive bias assessment task utilized, the most common task used was that of the Stroop task. Of the six identified studies, five have provided evidence documenting the presence of cognitive biases in these disorders. Only one study has examined cognitive bias modification and provided support for its effectiveness. Whilst several studies have provided preliminary findings documenting the presence of cognitive biases in these disorders, there remains a need for further research evaluating the effectiveness of bias modification, as well as the standardization of the diagnostic tools and the task paradigms used in the assessment.
Using Physical Activity to Enhance Health Outcomes Across the Life Span
Authors: Roychowdhury Dev
Published: January 2020

Physical activity has been widely recognized as one of the primary determinants that proliferates positive psychophysiological health in individuals. Despite the numerous benefits of engaging in physical activity, a majority of the global population continues to be physically inactive or sedentary. The aim of this brief commentary is to capture the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity across the life span. In particular, this paper will highlight the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity with respect to age, gender, atypical populations, and lifestyle. Future research and recommendations have also been addressed.
Numerical Analysis of Full-Scale Ship Self-Propulsion Performance with Direct Comparison to Statistical Sea Trail Results
Authors: Sun Wenyu , Hu Qiong , Hu Shiliang , Su Jia , Xu Jie , Wei Jinfang , Huang Guofu
Published: January 2020

Accurate prediction of the self-propulsion performance is one of the most important factors for the energy-efficient design of a ship. In general, the hydrodynamic performance of a full-scale ship could be achieved by model-scale simulation or towing tank tests with extrapolations. With the development of CFD methods and computing power, directly predict ship performance with full-scale CFD is an important approach. In this article, a numerical study on the full-scale self-propulsion performance with propeller operating behind ship at model- and full-scale is presented. The study includes numerical simulations using the RANS method with a double-model and VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) model respectively and scale effect analysis based on overall performance, local flow fields and detailed vortex identification. The verification study on grid convergence is also performed for full-scale simulation with global and local mesh refinements. A series of sea trail tests were performed to collect reliable data for the validation of CFD predictions. The analysis of scale effect on hull-propeller interaction shows that the difference of hull boundary layer and flow separation is the main source of scale effect on ship wake. The results of the fluctuations of propeller thrust and torque along with circulation distribution and local flow field show that the propeller’s loading is significantly higher for model-scale ship. It is suggested that the difference of vortex evolution and interaction is more pronounced and has larger effects on the ship’s powering performance at model-scale than full-scale according to the simulation results. From the study on self-propulsion prediction, it could be concluded that the simplification on free surface treatment does not only affect the wave-making resistance for bare hull but also the propeller performance and propeller induced ship resistance which can be produced up to 5% uncertainty to the power prediction. Roughness is another important factor in full-scale simulation because it has up to an approximately 7% effect on the delivery power. As a result of the validation study, the numerical simulations of full-scale ship self-propulsion shows good agreement with the sea trail data especially for cases that have considered both roughness and free surface effects. This result will largely enhance our confidence to apply full-scale simulation in the prediction of ship’s self-propulsion performance in the future ship designs.
Circulation in the Gulf of Khambhat—A Lagrangian Perspective
Authors: Mitra Aditi , Kumar V. Sanil , Naidu V. Simhadri
Published: January 2020

The circulation of the Gulf of Khambhat (GoK) is studied from a Lagrangian point of view using a 2D numerical model. The model-predicted tide elevation and current speed are in agreement with the observations. Seasonal variations of advection of particles are simulated by releasing 237 particles homogeneously distributed over the Gulf. After one month of simulation, no particles escaped from the GoK except a few from the southern GoK during southwest monsoon (June–September), and the advection of particles was at its maximum in the northern part. Residual eddies are present inside the GoK during the northeast (October–January) and southwest monsoon seasons. Gulf circulation is studied with the combined forcing of tide and wind for different tidal conditions, which had noticeable seasonal difference. The maximum simulated current speeds of 3.4 and 2.8 m/s are noticed during southwest monsoon near to Bhavnagar and Dahej respectively, where the tide elevations are maximum indicating that GoK is a tide-dominated system. A seasonal barrier could be found in the southern Gulf, which not only makes the Gulf circulation distinct from that of the Arabian Sea (AS), but also restricts water-mass exchange between the Gulf and AS during ebb condition. As the Gulf is a dump yard for anthropogenic wastes, the present study puts forward an effort to determine the fate of the waste from a hydrodynamic point of view.
Modeling Storm Surge Attenuation by an Integrated Nature-Based and Engineered Flood Defense System in the Scheldt Estuary (Belgium)
Authors: Smolders Sven , João Teles Maria , Leroy Agnès , Maximova Tatiana , Meire Patrick , Temmerman Stijn
Published: January 2020

There is increasing interest in the use of nature-based approaches for mitigation of storm surges along coasts, deltas, and estuaries. However, very few studies have quantified the effectiveness of storm surge height reduction by a real-existing, estuarine-scale, nature-based, and engineered flood defense system, under specific storm surge conditions. Here, we present data and modelling results from a specific storm surge in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), where a hybrid flood defense system is implemented, consisting of flood control areas, of which some are restored into tidal marsh ecosystems, by use of culvert constructions that allow daily reduced tidal in- and outflow. We present a hindcast simulation of the storm surge of 6 December 2013, using a TELEMAC-3D model of the Scheldt estuary, and model scenarios showing that the hybrid flood defense system resulted in a storm surge height reduction of up to half a meter in the estuary. An important aspect of the work was the implementation of model formulations for calculating flow through culverts of restored marshes. The latter was validated comparing simulated and measured discharges through a physical scale model of a culvert, and through a real-scale culvert of an existing restored marsh during the storm surge.
Carbon Black as Conductive Additive and Structural Director of Porous Carbon Gels
Authors: Casanova Ana , Gomis-Berenguer Alicia , Canizares Aurelien , Simon Patrick , Calzada Dolores , Ania Conchi O.
Published: January 2020

This work investigates the impact of carbon black (CB) as a porogenic agent and conductive additive in the preparation of electrically conductive nanoporous carbon gels. For this, a series of materials were prepared by the polycondensation of resorcinol/formaldehyde mixtures in the presence of increasing amounts of carbon black. The conductivity of the carbon gel/CB composites increased considerably with the amount of CB, indicating a good dispersion of the additive within the carbon matrix. A percolation threshold of ca. 8 wt.% of conductive additive was found to achieve an adequate “point to point” conductive network. This value is higher than that reported for other additives, owing to the synthetic route chosen, as the additive was incorporated in the reactant’s mixture (pre-synthesis) rather than in the formulation of the electrodes ink (post-synthesis). The CB strongly influenced the development of the porous architecture of the gels that exhibited a multimodal mesopore structure comprised of two distinct pore networks. The microporosity and the primary mesopore structure remained rather unchanged. On the contrary, a secondary network of mesopores was formed in the presence of the additive. Furthermore, the average mesopore size and the volume of the secondary network increased with the amount of CB.
Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of Novel Ti-Zr-Be-Co Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Gong Pan , Li Fangwei , Jin Junsong
Published: January 2020

We developed novel Ti-Zr-Be-Co bulk metallic glasses through Co addition based on a ternary Ti45Zr20Be35 alloy. By altering the alloying routes and alloying contents, the influence of Co alloying on glass-forming ability, thermal stability, thermoplastic formability, crystallization behavior, and corrosion resistance has been investigated systematically. It was found that the best alloying route for enhancing the glass-forming ability, thermoplastic formability, compressive plasticity, and corrosion resistance is to replace Be by Co. Ti45Zr20Be23Co12 possesses the largest critical diameter of 15 mm for glass formation. Ti45Zr20Be27Co8 possesses the highest thermoplastic formability which is comparable to that of Vitreloy alloys. Ti45Zr20Be25Co10 exhibits the largest room temperature plasticity of 15.7% together with a high specific strength of 3.90 × 105 Nm/kg. The addition of Co also strongly affects the crystallization behavior of the base alloy, resulting in a more complex crystallization process. The corrosion resistance of Ti-Zr-Be alloy in 1 mol/L HCl solution can also be enhanced by Co alloying. The related mechanisms have been explained in detail, which provide guidance for the composition design of Ti-based metallic glasses with improved properties.
The Influencing Factor of MgAl2O4 on Heterogeneous Nucleation and Grain Refinement in Al Alloy Melts
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Lu , Yang Mei
Published: January 2020

Grain refinement using oxide additions is commercially feasible and ecofriendly. MgAl2O4 has a lattice structure similar to Al and small lattice misfits with Al, and it can be an effective nucleation core when it meets certain conditions. In this paper, the influencing factor of MgAl2O4 on heterogeneous nucleation and grain refinement in Al alloys was reviewed in terms of physical force, mass percent, particle size and distribution, heating temperature and duration, interface matching, lattice distortion, and chemical reactions at the liquid/solid interfaces. The existence of in situ MgAl2O4 was necessary for heterogeneous nucleation and grain refinement, and the content of MgAl2O4 was a crucial factor in grain refinement. Physical force highly enhanced heterogeneous nucleation and grain refinement through tuning of the wetting, size, and distribution of MgAl2O4 particles with little content. The heterogeneous nucleation of MgAl2O4 played a vital role in grain size reduction when the content was at a critical value. A single crystal of exogenous MgAl2O4 could also be a potent heterogeneous nucleation substrate for Al and Al–Mg alloys under a casting temperature or a high heating temperature with a short holding time for the small lattice misfits between nucleated-phase Al and the MgAl2O4 substrate, with limited lattice distortion.
Study on the Flexural Performance of Hybrid-Reinforced Concrete Beams with a New Cathodic Protection System Subjected to Corrosion
Authors: Zhou Yingwu , Zheng Yaowei , Sui Lili , Hu Biao , Huang Xiaoxu
Published: January 2020

Steel corrosion is considered as the main factor for the insufficient durability of concrete structures, especially in the marine environment. In this paper, to further inhibit steel corrosion in a high chloride environment and take advantage of the dual-functional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) technique was applied to the hybrid-reinforced concrete beam with internally embedded CFRP bars and steel fiber reinforced polymer composite bar (SFCB) as the anode material while the steel bar was compelled to the cathode. The effect of the new ICCP system on the flexural performance of the hybrid-reinforced concrete beam subjected to corrosion was verified experimentally. First, the electricity-accelerated precorrosion test was performed for the steel bar in the hybrid-reinforced beams with a target corrosion ratio of 5%. Then, the dry–wet cycles corrosion was conducted and the ICCP system was activated simultaneously for the hybrid-reinforced concrete beam for 180 days. Finally, the three-point bending experiment was carried out for the hybrid-reinforced concrete beams. The steel bars were taken out from the concrete to quantitatively measure the corrosion ratio after flexural tests. Results showed that the further corrosion of steel bars could be inhibited effectively by the ICCP treatment with the CFRP bar and the SFCB as the anode. Additionally, the ICCP system showed an obvious effect on the flexural behavior of the hybrid-reinforced concrete beams: The crack load and ultimate load, as well as the stiffness, were enhanced notably compared with the beam without ICCP treatment. Compared with the SFCB anode, the ICCP system with the CFRP bar as the anode material was more effective for the hybrid-reinforced concrete beam to prevent the steel corrosion.
Measurement of Fracture Toughness of Pure Tungsten Using a Small-Sized Compact Tension Specimen
Authors: Kong Byeong Seo , Shin Ji Ho , Jang Changheui , Kim Hyoung Chan
Published: January 2020

The evaluation of fracture toughness of pure tungsten is essential for the structural integrity analysis in a fusion reactor. Therefore, the accurate quantification of fracture toughness of tungsten alloys is needed. However, due to the inherent brittleness of tungsten, it is difficult to introduce a sharp fatigue pre-crack needed for the fracture toughness test. In this study, a novel fatigue pre-cracking method was developed and applied to the small-sized disc-type compact tension (DCT) specimens of double-forged pure tungsten. To overcome the brittleness and poor oxidation resistance, a low-frequency tensile fatigue pre-cracking was performed at 600 °C in Ar environment, which resulted in the introduction of a sharp pre-crack to DCT specimens. Then, fracture toughness tests were conducted at room temperature (RT), 400 °C, and 700 °C in air and Ar gas environments using as-machined and pre-cracked DCT specimens. At RT and 400 °C, the test environment and crack tip radius did not affect the fracture toughness measurement. However, at 700 °C, the Ar gas environment and the presence of a sharp fatigue pre-crack resulted in a decrease in the measured fracture toughness. Thus, it was suggested that, for the conservative fracture toughness measurement of pure tungsten, fatigue pre-cracking and fracture toughness test should be performed in an inert environment, especially for high-temperature tests.
Correction: Lin. et al. Effects of Substrate-Coating Materials on the Wound-Healing Process. Materials 2019, 12, 2775
Authors: Lin Jin-Young , Lo Kai-Yin , Sun Yung-Shin
Published: January 2020

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]
Differential Evolution for Neural Networks Optimization
Authors: Baioletti Marco , Di Bari Gabriele , Milani Alfredo , Poggioni Valentina
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a Neural Networks optimizer based on Self-adaptive Differential Evolution is presented. This optimizer applies mutation and crossover operators in a new way, taking into account the structure of the network according to a per layer strategy. Moreover, a new crossover called interm is proposed, and a new self-adaptive version of DE called MAB-ShaDE is suggested to reduce the number of parameters. The framework has been tested on some well-known classification problems and a comparative study on the various combinations of self-adaptive methods, mutation, and crossover operators available in literature is performed. Experimental results show that DENN reaches good performances in terms of accuracy, better than or at least comparable with those obtained by backpropagation.
Numerical Analysis of an Osseointegration Model
Authors: Baldonedo Jacobo , Fernández José R. , Segade Abraham
Published: January 2020

In this work, we study a bone remodeling model used to reproduce the phenomenon of osseointegration around endosseous implants. The biological problem is written in terms of the densities of platelets, osteogenic cells, and osteoblasts and the concentrations of two growth factors. Its variational formulation leads to a strongly coupled nonlinear system of parabolic variational equations. An existence and uniqueness result of this variational form is stated. Then, a fully discrete approximation of the problem is introduced by using the finite element method and a semi-implicit Euler scheme. A priori error estimates are obtained, and the linear convergence of the algorithm is derived under some suitable regularity conditions and tested with a numerical example. Finally, one- and two-dimensional numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm and the behavior of the solution.
Semi-Local Analysis and Real Life Applications of Higher-Order Iterative Schemes for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Behl Ramandeep , Bhalla Sonia , Argyros Ioannis K. , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2020

Our aim is to improve the applicability of the family suggested by Bhalla et al. (Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2018) for the approximation of solutions of nonlinear systems. Semi-local convergence relies on conditions with first order derivatives and Lipschitz constants in contrast to other works requiring higher order derivatives not appearing in these schemes. Hence, the usage of these schemes is improved. Moreover, a variety of real world problems, namely, Bratu’s 1D, Bratu’s 2D and Fisher’s problems, are applied in order to inspect the utilization of the family and to test the theoretical results by adopting variable precision arithmetics in Mathematica 10. On account of these examples, it is concluded that the family is more efficient and shows better performance as compared to the existing one.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Bamboo Shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens
Authors: Milani Gualtiero , Curci Francesca , Cavalluzzi Maria Maddalena , Crupi Pasquale , Pisano Isabella , Lentini Giovanni , Clodoveo Maria Lisa , Franchini Carlo , Corbo Filomena
Published: January 2020

Bamboo is a well-known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia that recently has attracted attention for its high polyphenol content and its medical and nutraceutical applications. In this work, polyphenols have been recovered for the first time by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) from an unusual Italian cultivar of Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots. The effects of three independent variables, such as extraction time, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio, on polyphenol recovery yield were investigated and successfully optimized through the response surface methodology. We demonstrated that MAE is an excellent polyphenols extraction technique from bamboo shoots because the total phenolic content obtained under microwave irradiation optimal conditions (4 min at 105 °C with 6.25 mg/mL ratio) was about eight-fold higher than that obtained with the conventional extraction method. Furthermore, higher total flavonoid content was also obtained under MAE. Consistent with these results, MAE enhanced the extract antioxidant properties with significant improved DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP scavenging ability. Therefore, this innovative extraction process enhances the recovery of biologically active compounds from Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots with a dramatic reduction of time and energy consumption, which paves the way for its industrial application in functional food production.
Correction: Zhao, X.W., et al. Dioscin Induces the Apoptosis of Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa and SiHa Cells Through ROS-mediated DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016, 21, 730
Authors: Zhao Xinwei , Tao Xufeng , Xu Lina , Yin Lianhong , Qi Yan , Xu Youwei , Han Xu , Peng Jinyong
Published: January 2020

During the course of a review of our publications, an error in the title paper [...]
Silk/Natural Rubber (NR) and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-Modified Silk/NR Composites: Synthesis, Secondary Structure, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sogawa Hiromitsu , Korawit Treratanakulwongs , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Numata Keiji
Published: January 2020

Silk composites with natural rubber (NR) were prepared by mixing degummed silk and NR latex solutions. A significant enhancement of the mechanical properties was confirmed for silk/NR composites compared to a NR-only product, indicating that silk can be applied as an effective reinforcement for rubber materials. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis revealed that a β-sheet structure was formed in the NR matrix by increasing the silk content above 20 wt%. Then, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-modified silk was also blended with NR to give a DOPA-silk/NR composite, which showed superior mechanical properties to those of the unmodified silk-based composite. Not only the chemical structure but also the dominant secondary structure of silk in the composite was changed after DOPA modification. It was concluded that both the efficient adhesion property of DOPA residue and the secondary structure change improved the compatibility of silk and NR, resulting in the enhanced mechanical properties of the formed composite. The knowledge obtained herein should contribute to the development of the fabrication of novel silk-based elastic materials.
Self-Healable Electro-Conductive Hydrogels Based on Core-Shell Structured Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids for Use as Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Huixiang , Biswas Subir Kumar , Zhu Sailing , Lu Ya , Yue Yiying , Han Jingquan , Xu Xinwu , Wu Qinglin , Xiao Huining
Published: January 2020

Recently, with the development of personal wearable electronic devices, the demand for portable power is miniaturization and flexibility. Electro-conductive hydrogels (ECHs) are considered to have great application prospects in portable energy-storage devices. However, the synergistic properties of self-healability, viscoelasticity, and ideal electrochemistry are key problems. Herein, a novel ECH was synthesized by combining polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA) hydrogel matrix and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and polyaniline (PANI). Among them, CNTs provided excellent electrical conductivity; TOCNFs acted as a dispersant to help CNTs form a stable suspension; PANI enhanced electrochemical performance by forming a “core-shell” structural composite. The freeze-standing composite hydrogel with a hierarchical 3D-network structure possessed the compression stress (~152 kPa) and storage modulus (~18.2 kPa). The composite hydrogel also possessed low density (~1.2 g cm−3), high water-content (~95%), excellent flexibility, self-healing capability, electrical conductivity (15.3 S m−1), and specific capacitance of 226.8 F g−1 at 0.4 A g−1. The fabricated solid-state all-in-one supercapacitor device remained capacitance retention (~90%) after 10 cutting/healing cycles and capacitance retention (~85%) after 1000 bending cycles. The novel ECH had potential applications in advanced personalized wearable electronic devices.
Study on the Moisture Absorption and Thermal Properties of Hygroscopic Exothermic Fibers and Related Interactions with Water Molecules
Authors: Cui Yi , Gao Shuyi , Zhang Ruiyun , Cheng Longdi , Yu Jianyong
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the hygroscopic behavior of hygroscopic exothermic fiber-based materials and to obtain a better understanding of the thermal performance of these fibers during the moisture absorption process. The temperature distribution of different kinds of hygroscopic exothermic fibers in the process of moisture absorption, observed by infrared camera, demonstrated two types of heating performance of these fibers, which might be related to its hygroscopic behavior. Based on the sorption isotherms, a Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) multi-layer adsorption model was selected as the optimal moisture absorption fitting model to describe the moisture absorption process of these fibers, which illustrated that water sorption capacity and the water–fiber/water–water interaction had a significant influence on its heating performance. The net isosteric heats of sorption decreased with an increase of moisture content, which further explained the main factor affecting the heat dissipation of fibers under different moisture contents. The state of adsorbed water and water vapor interaction on the fiber surface were studied by simultaneous thermal analysis (TGA-DSC) measurement. The percentage of bound and unbound water formation at low and high humidity had a profound effect on the thermal performance of fibers. It can therefore be concluded that the content of tightly bound water a strong water–fiber interaction was the main factor affecting the heating performance of fibers at low moisture content, and the content of loosely bound water reflected that water sorption capacity was the main factor affecting the heating performance of fibers at high moisture content. This was further proven by the heat of desorption.
Drastic Microwave Heating of Percolated Pt Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Al2O3 Substrate
Authors: Ano Taishi , Maitani Masato M. , Sato Yuka , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Wada Yuji
Published: January 2020

Microwave (MW) heating of supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) presents attractive effects on catalysis such as the rapid heating processes and the enhancement of the reaction rate. Improving the heating property of the NPs, which act as the catalytic active sites, the MW effects will become more significant. Here we show a systematic study about the supported Pt NPs structure to improve the MW heating property. We found that the drastic heating was induced by a percolated Pt NPs structure, where the conduction electrons move around in the two-dimensional network. On the other hand, no heating was observed in an isolated Pt NPs system with the confined electrons. We conclude that the percolation of the Pt NPs giving the network structure is one of the important key factors for the efficient MW heating. The optimized Pt NPs catalyst leads to the dramatic MW effects on catalytic reactions.
Identification of Abnormal Processes with Spatial-Temporal Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Yumin , Zhao Zheyun , Zhang Shuai , Jung Uk
Published: January 2020

Identifying abnormal process operation with spatial-temporal data remains an important and challenging work in many practical situations. Although spatial-temporal data identification has been extensively studied in some domains, such as public health, geological condition, and environment pollution, the challenge associated with designing accurate and convenient recognition schemes is very rarely addressed in modern manufacturing processes. This paper proposes a general recognition framework for identifying abnormal process with spatial-temporal data by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Firstly, motivated by the pasting case study, the spatial-temporal data are transformed into process images for capturing spatial and temporal interrelationship. Then, the CNN recognition model is presented for identifying different types of these process images, leading to the identification of abnormal process with spatial-temporal data. The specific architecture parameters of CNN are determined step by step. According to the performance comparison with alternative methods, the proposed method is able to accurately identify the abnormal process with spatial-temporal data.
Acute Low-Dose Hyperoxia during a Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Does Not Affect Red Blood Cell Deformability and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Men—A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Freitag Nils , Böttrich Tim , Weber Pia D. , Manferdelli Giorgio , Bizjak Daniel A. , Grau Marijke , Sanders Tanja C. , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz
Published: January 2020

Recent technological developments provide easy access to use an artificial oxygen supply (hyperoxia) during exercise training. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a commercially available oxygen compressor inducing low-dose hyperoxia, on limiting factors of endurance performance. Thirteen active men (age 24 ± 3 years) performed a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session (5 × 3 min at 80% of Wmax, separated by 2 min at 40% Wmax) on a cycle ergometer, both in hyperoxia (4 L∙min−1, 94% O2, HYP) or ambient conditions (21% O2, NORM) in randomized order. The primary outcome was defined as red blood cell deformability (RBC-D), while our secondary interest included changes in muscle oxygenation. RBC-D was expressed by the ratio of shear stress at half-maximal deformation (SS1/2) and maximal deformability (EImax) and muscle oxygenation of the rectus femoris muscle was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. No statistically significant changes occurred in SS1/2 and EImax in either condition. The ratio of SS1/2 to EImax statistically decreased in NORM (p < 0.01; Δ: −0.10; 95%CI: −0.22, 0.02) but not HYP (p > 0.05; Δ: −0.16; 95%CI: −0.23, −0.08). Muscle oxygenation remained unchanged. This study showed that low-dose hyperoxia during HIIE using a commercially available device with a flow rate of only 4 L·min−1 may not be sufficient to induce acute ergogenic effects compared to normoxic conditions.
La part d’ombre du vicomte d’Évol, Joan de So (1344-1347)
Authors: Claverie Pierre-Vincent
Published: January 2020

El lado negro del vizconde de Evol, Joan de So (1344-1347).

La caída del reino de Mayorca produjo una profunda discordia entre los nobles de Rosellón obligados a someterse a la corona de Aragón para salvaguardar sus privilegios. En este artículo se muestra cómo el vizconde de Evol, Joan de So, abandonó la causa de Jaume III de Mayorca durante el verano de 1344, a pesar de la opinión de los historiadores de Rosellón que lo presentaron como un servidor ideal y un enemigo enconado del rey Pedro IV de Aragón. Si el cancillar de Mayorca logró asegurar al patrimonio de su familia, lo consiguió a costa de una irremediable ruptura con su esposa Isabel de Vilaragut que se retiró a Montpellier con sus hijos junto al monarca caído. Esa Realpolitik permitió que la familia de So recuperase rápidamente el control del vizcondado de Evol que conservó hasta la extinción de la rama masculina en 1428.
Toulouse, ville à vendre ? Saisie et devenir des biens nationaux dans l’ancienne capitale du Languedoc (2 novembre 1789-5 décembre 1814)
Authors: Marqué Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Comment évolue une capitale provinciale dont presque la moitié du sol est confisquée par les autorités en quelques mois ? Durant la Révolution française, Toulouse, tout comme l’ensemble des villes de parlement, fut lourdement touchée par la saisie des biens nationaux des aristocrates, mais aussi des religieux. La fin de l’Ancien Régime semblait correspondre à la fin d’une organisation spatiale marquée par la juxtaposition de quartiers aristocratiques où les hôtels particuliers étaient nombreux et de quartiers religieux largement dominés par les très grandes parcelles des couvents. Pourtant, les structures urbaines n’évoluèrent que faiblement. Les anciens aristocrates parvinrent à racheter la majorité de leurs biens urbains, peu nombreux en fait, et même les nouveaux acquéreurs ne cherchèrent pas à changer leur fonction résidentielle. Quant aux biens d’Église, seulement une minorité d’entre eux furent vendus et découpés en plusieurs parcelles par des particuliers soucieux d’y construire leur logement. Les autres furent réutilisés par les autorités pour loger et produire de quoi équiper les militaires. La saisie et la vente des biens nationaux conduisirent donc à des transferts de propriété très importants, mais pas à une évolution immédiate des structures urbaines. Toutefois, la transformation des couvents en sites industriels au service des armées avait déclenché des évolutions qui allaient progressivement transformer leurs quartiers durant les premières décennies du XIXe siècle. Si la vente des biens nationaux ne fit que très peu évoluer les structures urbaines sur le court terme, elle déclencha des dynamiques qui transformèrent progressivement des quartiers entiers durant le XIXe siècle.
A Most Disastrous Success The Battle of Marathon and the Failure of Persian Intelligence
Authors: Luginbill Robert D.
Published: January 2020

The delayed Persian arrival on Euboea reported by Herodotus was deliberate and calculated to preclude immediate Spartan reinforcement of the Athenian position. However, this tactical success culminated in strategic disaster when Persian intelligence proved less well informed about the depth of Athenian patriotism than it had been about Spartan religious scruples.
L’importance des sources de la période révolutionnaire pour la reconstitution des bibliothèques médiévales
Authors: Shapovalova Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The nationalization of ecclesiastical property in France, ordered in a series of decrees from 1789-1791, gave rise to the procedure of inventorying the libraries of ecclesias¬ tical establishments. This included both French and “foreign” establishments (located on territories recently occupied by Revolutionary France), thus producing a very rich documentary history which can “fix” the final state of collections of manuscripts and old printed books before they were dispersed. For collections that were formed in the medieval period and for which no catalogs were preserved, the revolutionary inventory becomes a unique tool which allows the study of the medieval library and its eventual reconstitution. This article focuses on the inventory of manuscripts (89 items) from the library of the Benedictine abbey of Gembloux (Belgium), recently discovered by us in the National Archives of France and identified as a copy of an revolutionary inventory established in 1795 (until now was considered lost). The richness and very rigorous methodology of the inventory allowed us to suggest identification for 84 items from the surviving manuscripts, all preserved today at the Royal Library of Belgium.
From field to frame. The contribution of bioarchaeological methods to understanding parchment production
Authors: Fiddyment Sarah , Collins Matthew
Published: January 2020

The potential information to be obtained from the large corpus of codices and documents written on parchment is immense. Aside from the obvious textual information there is a wealth of biomolecular information trapped in the fibres of the parchment itself. We have developed a non-invasive method for sampling parchment, using conventional conservation erasers, enabling us to objectively identify the species origin of the membranes through the use of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and from this begin to shed light on the manufacturing processes. By performing a widespread and systematic analysis of species origin of parchment documents we can begin to address questions about local animal economies, craft production and book production, demonstrating the importance of parchment objects.
PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Indrawati Lili , Sembiring Etti ernita
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan pengaruh modal intektual terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Cimahi, Kota Bandung dan Provinsi Jawa Barat.  Jumlah responden sebanyak 128 pegawai dari 10 -11 satuan kerja yang ada di pemda tersebut.  Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan aplikasi WarpPLS.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa modal intelektual berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai Kata kunci: Modal intelektual, Produktivitas kerja pegawai, Pemerintah Kota Cimahi, Kota Bandung dan Provinsi Jawa Barat. The purpose of this research is to analyze and prove the role of  intellectual capital against employee productivity in local government.  The research was carried out at the Cimahi local government,Bandung Local Government and West Java Province.  The number of respondent was 128 employees from 10 -11 accounting entity in  each local government.  The research method used is purposive sampling. To analyze the data from the respondent is WarpPLS.  The research shows that intellectual capital does affect positive significantly the employee productivity of local government. Keyword: Intellectual Capital, employee productivity, Cimahi Local Government, Bandung Local Government and West Java Province.
EVALUASI PRAKTEK PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA : INTEREST RATE FREE?
Authors: Purbayati Radia -
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate Islamic Banking practice truly interest rate free on determining funding and financing pricing. The object of this study are Islamic and Conventional Banking in Indonesia 2014-2018. Variables used in the study consists of equivalent rate (interest rate) of demand deposit, saving deposit, time deposit, working capital financing (loan) and financing (loan) in Islamic and Conventional Banking. VAR / VECM Modelling and Granger Causality Test applied on these 5 Models.

The evidence shows that at that time there are only Model 2 and Model 5 were Granger Cause at one way in the short run. On the other hand, pricing on funding and financing product at islamic banking were determined by its time lag of pricing on funding and financing products at islamic and conventional banking , vice and versa. The shocks at the short run will be adjusted as its shocks response into long run equilibrium. It means the practicing Islamic banking in Indonesia is not truly interest rate free.

Keywords : Pricing on funding and financing products, Islamic Banking, Conventional Banking, VAR/VECM Modelling, Granger Causality.
INFLASI, TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, DAN KONSUMSI DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Muttaqim Hakim , Hamdani Hamdani , Husin Dasmi
Published: January 2020

This study aims to look at the effect of inflation and interest rates on public consumption in Aceh province in the long term and short term with the data used are annual data from the above variables starting from 1996 to 2015. The method used is Error Correction Models ( ECM). The results of data analysis in this study using Software Eviews 7 shows that inflation has a significant effect on people's consumption in Aceh Province in the long term and short term, while interest rates only affect the long term.
Um exercício de colaboração por meio de práticas projetuais: Mães Inosel
Authors: Cruz Bárbara de Oliveira e , Couto Rita Maria de Souza , Portas Roberta
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho trata de um exercício de colaboração proposto, por meio de capacitação baseada em práticas projetuais do campo do design, às mães que possuem filhos na escola Inosel. O Inosel (Instituto Nossa Senhora de Lourdes) fica localizado no bairro da Gávea, Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro. É uma escola católica, beneficente, de assistência social, que integra alunos surdos e com audição normal. Como escola beneficente, ela auxilia, com bolsas de estudos, crianças com deficiência auditiva que moram na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo de caso a que se refere o presente artigo caracterizou-se pela construção de uma metodologia própria com atividades direcionadas às especificidades do grupo. Esta baseou-se na metodologia do Design em Parceria, viabilizando o trabalho com o grupo em torno de etapas projetuais do design, empoderando dessa forma as participantes a desenvolver tarefas a partir de seus desejos, conhecimentos e expectativas.