bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression And Clinical Significance of Transcription Factor GRHL1 In Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hua Jing , Ma Congcong , Wang Zhaohui , Duan Xianliang , Zhang Xiaole , Bi Yazhen , Wang Yan , Xiao Taiwu , Zhu Chuansheng
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ranks sixth in the incidence of malignant tumors. It is the most common acute leukemia in adults with clinical and molecular heterogeneity of the bone marrow and lymphatic system.Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the expression and clinical significance of GRHL1 in acute myeloid leukemia.Methods: RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed combined with the related clinical data of patients with AML. Kaplan–Meier plot was constructed to assess survival differences. Log-rank test and correlation analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value and clinical significance of GRHL1 in patients with AML. Results: In this study, we found that patients with AML showed significant differences in the GRHL1 gene expression compared to normal bone marrow controls. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that low expression of GRHL1 was significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with AML. Multiple omics analysis and correlation analysis revealed that aberrant alterations of known factors were significantly associated with GRHL1 expression, which confirmed GRHL1 as a protective intervention factor in patients with AML.Discussion: GRHL1 presented great potential in evaluating predicting prognostic values and clinical significance in patients with AML. GRHL1 might act as an important role in inhibiting the progression of tumors and serve as a protective factor for potential therapeutic strategies of AML. GRHL1 might provide a novel biomarker for precision oncology and benefit clinical cancer management.
Comparative Genomics of Bacillus Subtilis MZK05 and Its Mutant Strain Revealed Genetic Factors Responsible for Enhanced Serine Protease Expression
Authors: Hoq Md. Mozammel , Hasan Md. Mahmud , Karim Muhammad Manjurul , Mamun Md. Arafat Al , Khan Shakila Nargis
Published: January 2022

Genome sequence study of an industrially-important strain, Bacillus subtilis M9, a mutant version of wild strain Bacillus subtilis MZK05 was conducted to uncover genetic factors responsible for enhanced serine proteases expression in addition to its other industrial enzymes, metabolites and bacteriocins producing efficacy. The wild type and the mutant genome contained a size of 4,145,727 and 4,045,950 bp, with 4,352 and 4,383 genes; and 477 and 478 subsystems respectively. Genomic comparison with 31 B. subtilis sourced from different countries showed both wild and mutant shared same type of genome structure with 20 others. Moreover, 6,000 kb pangenome showed that they share 3082, 1449, and 25757 core, unique and accessory genes respectively. A sum of 32,559 mutations were found with three major genomic structural changes in the upstream and downstream of an extracellular alkaline serine protease, AprX and a periplasmic serine protease, HtrC in M9 genome when compared to the wild type. Furthermore, 11 different serine protease genes and 4 different signal peptidases were found with several mutational changes in M9. In addition, mutations found in core genome of BsM9 in phage-like element, major capsid protein, and phage portal protein are the likely reasons of high-level serine protease activity.
Impact of Corona Pandemic On Healthcare System: a Case Study of Raxaul Town
Authors: Gupta Deepali , Kumar Pankaj
Published: January 2022

The primary health care system is the most protruding health system in any nation's health index measures. The worthiness is tested at times when the entire nation is fighting against a global epidemic that is the result of any biological disaster that occurred in any part of the world and has spread across their geographical boundary. The PHCs then becomes the focal point for the entire human community. Likewise, in the present time, the entire world is struggling with the corona pandemic. Scientists and medical practitioners from across the globe are working day and night, experimenting and researching to find a cure to this disaster which spread to parts of the world from a biological lab of Wuhan, China. Since the entire nation has been affected and many hospitals and nursing centres have had challenges with the current situations, it becomes important to examine the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the primary health care system with special reference to the city of Raxaul, Bihar. It is very important to scientifically study and analyze the primary and secondary data collected for this research paper. The sources of data collection being the various daily newspaper articles, magazines, personal interviews with staff of the government and non-governmental organizations, public, administration and police personals. The data has been collected using random sampling and personal interview techniques. After carefully examining the results of the data collected, we can conclude the effect of the corona pandemic can be widely seen on the primary health care system, which proves the absence of basic facilities, structural anomalies and healthcare staff availability.
Regulation of Key Enzymes in Lentinula Edodes Mycelium Culture by Chitosan
Authors: Yan Xunyou , Shi Zhenxia , Chen Wenjie , Ma Sijia , Wang Fangfang , Ren Sizhu
Published: January 2022

Chitosan is a plant growth regulator. Since it has an important function, it may also play a similar role in the growth of fungi. In this study, Lentinula edodes was used as a model fungus, and the mycelium growth and metabolism in the cultivation bag treated with different concentrations of chitosan were investigated. The results showed when the chitosan concentration was 0.1 mg/ml, a dense mycelium was developed and the fast growth was observed. Compared with other concentrations and the control group, they had significant differences. Furthermore, the activity of CMCase, Amy, and POD were measured, which showed significant differences in the rapid growth of the mycelium compared with other concentrations. The concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL will be chosen to promote the growth of Lentinula edodes' mycelium in practical production.
Manipulation of Rotational States With Varying Pulse Parameter: Achieving High Molecular Alignment and Orientation for CH3F
Authors: Chordiya Kalyani , Simkó Irén , Szidarovszky Tamás , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay
Published: January 2022

Increasing interest in the fields of high-harmonics generation, laser-induced chemical reactions, and molecular imaging of gaseous targets demands high molecular alignment and orientation (AnO). In this work, we examine the critical role of different pulse parameters on the field-free AnO dynamics of the CH3F molecule, and identify experimentally feasible optical and THz range laser parameters that ensure maximal AnO for such molecules. Herein, apart from rotational temperature, we investigate effects of varying pulse parameters such as, pulse duration, intensity, frequency, and carrier envelop phase (CEP). By analyzing the interplay between laser pulse parameters and the resulting rotational population distributions, the origin of specific AnO dynamics was addressed. We could identify two qualitatively different AnO behaviors and revealed their connection with the pulse parameters and the population of excited rotational states. We report here the highest alignment of ⟨cos2θ⟩=0.843 andorientation of⟨cos(θ)⟩=0.886 for CH3F molecule at 2K using single pulse. Our study should be useful to understand different aspects of laser-induced unidirectional rotation in heteronuclear molecules, and in understanding routes to tune/enhance AnO in laboratory conditions for advanced applications.
FIR Digital Filter Design Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Lian Lian , Tian Zhongda
Published: January 2022

The traditional swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is prone to fall into local optimal solutions in finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter design, and has slow convergence speed. In order to optimize the design of FIR filter, a FIR digital filter design method based on improved bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed. This improved ABC algorithm can adaptively adjust the step size of the selected neighborhood of nectar source location. At the same time, the information of the global optimal solution is used to guide the search of candidate solution, which improves the global search ability of the algorithm. The improved ABC algorithm can balance the conflict between local search ability and global search ability, so it can achieve better optimization effect. The time and space complexity of the algorithm is analyzed in detail. Then, the improved ABC algorithm is used to design three typical FIR digital filters, namely low-pass, band-pass and band-stop filter. The performance of the designed filter is tested by simulation experiments. The experimental results show that compared with other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, the proposed FIR filter design method has achieved better effect and performance. Meanwhile, the proposed design method has shorter optimization time. The superiority of the proposed method is verified.
A Large-Scale Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Pertaining To The 2020 US Presidential Election
Authors: Ali Rao Hamza , Pinto Gabriela , Lawrie Evelyn , Linstead Erik J
Published: January 2022

We capture the public sentiment towards candidates in the 2020 US Presidential Elections, by analyzing 7.6 million tweets sent out between October 31st and November 9th, 2020. We apply a novel approach to first identify tweets and user accounts in our database that were later deleted or suspended from Twitter. We present sentiment analysis of the presidential candidates across these identified posts alongside active ones, and share key insights. The aim is to highlight the importance of conducting sentiment analysis on all posts captured in real time, including those that are now inaccessible, in determining the true sentiments of the opinions around the time of an event.
5’isomiR-183-5p|+2 Elicits Tumor Suppressor Activity in a Negative Feedback Loop with E2F1
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Tosun Oyku Ece , Jung Janine , Kappes Jolane , Ibing Susanne , Nataraj Nishanth Belugali , Sahay Shashwat , Schneider Martin , Wörner Angelika , Becki Corinna , Ishaque Naveed , Feuerbach Lars , Michels Birgitta Elisabeth , Heßling Bernd , Helm Dominic , Will Rainer , Yarden Yosef , Müller-Decker Karin , Körner Cindy , Wiemann Stefan
Published: January 2022

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and isomiRs play important roles in tumorigenesis as essential regulators of gene expression. 5’isomiRs exhibit a shifted seed sequence compared to the canonical miRNA, resulting in different target spectra and thereby extending the phenotypic impact of the respective common pre-miRNA. However, for most miRNAs, expression and function of 5’isomiRs have not been studied in detail yet. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the functions of miRNAs and their 5’isomiRs.Methods: The expression of 5’isomiRs was assessed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer patient dataset. Phenotypic effects of miR-183 overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo by quantifying migration, proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Direct targeting of E2F1 by miR-183-5p|+2 was validated with a 3’UTR luciferase assay and linked to the phenotypes of isomiR overexpression.Results: TCGA breast cancer patient data indicated that three variants of miR-183-5p are highly expressed and upregulated, namely miR-183-5p|0, miR-183-5p|+1 and miR-183-5p|+2. However, TNBC cell lines displayed reduced proliferation and invasion upon overexpression of pre-miR-183. While invasion was reduced individually by all three isomiRs, proliferation and cell cycle progression were specifically inhibited by overexpression of miR-183-5p|+2. Proteomic analysis revealed reduced expression of E2F target genes upon overexpression of this isomiR, which could be attributed to direct targeting of E2F1, specifically by miR-183-5p|+2. Knockdown of E2F1 partially phenocopied the effect of miR-183-5p|+2 overexpression on cell proliferation and cell cycle. Gene set enrichment analysis of TCGA and METABRIC patient data indicated that the activity of E2F strongly correlated with the expression of miR-183-5p, suggesting transcriptional regulation of the miRNA by a factor of the E2F family. Indeed, in vitro, expression of miR-183-5p was regulated by E2F1. Hence, miR-183-5p|+2 directly targeting E2F1 appears to be part of a negative feedback loop potentially fine-tuning its activity.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that 5’isomiRs originating from the same arm of the same pre-miRNA (i.e. pre-miR-183-5p) may exhibit different functions and thereby collectively contribute to the same phenotype. Here, one of three isomiRs was shown to counteract expression of the pre-miRNA by negatively regulating a transcriptional activator (i.e. E2F1). We speculate that this might be part of a regulatory mechanism to prevent uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is disabled during cancer progression.
Association Between Coronary Artery Disease And Clinical Outcome In Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Huang Zengfa , Huang Zheng , Cao Beibei , Li Zuoqin , Yang Yang , Ding Yi , Zhao Shengchao , Hu Yunting , Sun Ruihong , Wang Zheng , Zhang Hongfeng , Wang Xiang
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) to predict the risk of all-cause mortality in cancer patients in a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. A total of 331 patients who previously had cancer and underwent coronary CTA from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and propensity-score matching analysis were performed. The primary endpoint was all-cause of mortality. In total, 125 with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and 206 with non-obstructive CAD during a median follow-up of 3.3 years were included in this study. After PSM, age (HR, 1.040; 95%CI, 1.001-1.081; p =0.046), smoking history (HR, 2.344; 95%CI, 1.211-4.536; p =0.011), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.862; 95%CI, 1.053-3.292; p =0.033) and obstructive CAD (HR, 1.845; 95%CI, 1.008-3.377; p =0.047) remained significant factors for all-cause mortality. Obstructive CAD evaluated by coronary CTA was found to be at higher risk for developing all-cause mortality in cancer patients.
Targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase B-dependent Mitochondrial Metabolism Affects Tumor Initiating Cells and Inhibits Tumorigenesis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Inducing MtDNA Damage
Authors: Marti Thomas Michael , Deng Haibin , Gao Yanyun , Trappetti Verdiana , Hertig Damian , Karatkevich Darya , Losmanova Tereza , Urzi Christian , Ge Huixiang , Geest Gerrit Adriaan , Bruggmann Remy , Djonov Valentin , Nuoffer Jean-Marc , Vermathen Peter , Zamboni Nicola , Riether Carsten , Ochsenbein Adrian , Peng Ren-Wang , Kocher Gregor , Schmid Ralph Alexander , Dorn Patrick
Published: January 2022

Once considered a waste product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, lactate has been identified as a critical regulator of tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. The putative primary function of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is to catalyze the conversion of lactate to pyruvate; however, its role in regulating metabolism during tumorigenesis is largely unknown. To determine whether LDHB plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, we performed 2D and 3D in vitro experiments, utilized a conventional xenograft tumor model, and developed a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which we combined an LDHB deletion allele with an inducible model of lung adenocarcinoma driven by the concomitant loss of p53 (also known as Trp53) and expression of oncogenic KRAS (G12D) mutant (KP). Here, we show that epithelial-like, tumor-initiating NSCLC cells feature oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype that is regulated by LDHB-mediated lactate metabolism. We show that silencing of LDHB induces persistent mitochondrial DNA damage, decreases mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and OXPHOS, resulting in reduced levels of mitochondria-dependent metabolites, e.g., TCA intermediates, amino acids, and nucleotides. In addition, inhibition of LDHB dramatically reduced the survival of tumor-initiating cells and sphere formation in vitro, which can be partially restored by nucleotide supplementation. In addition, LDHB silencing reduced tumor initiation and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, we report for the first time that homozygous deletion of LDHB significantly reduced lung tumorigenesis upon the concomitant loss of Tp53 and expression of oncogenic KRAS without considerably affecting the animal’s health status, thereby identifying LDHB as a potential target for NSCLC therapy. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that LDHB is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolism, demonstrating that LDHB is crucial for the survival and proliferation of tumor-initiating cells and tumorigenesis.
Effect of Combined Wet Alkaline Mechanical Pretreatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover and Its Mechanism
Authors: Shi Suan , Yang Jie , Gao Chongfeng , Yang Xueqi , Su Yanfu , Han Lujia
Published: January 2022

Background: To further optimize the mechanochemical pretreatment process, a combined wet alkaline mechanical pretreatment of corn stover at room temperature was proposed. Results: The combined alkaline mechanical pretreatment significantly enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resulting in a glucose yield (YG) of 491.9mg/g (91.9%) with 3% NaOH and ball milling for 10 min. The liquid fraction after treatment contained by-products such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, acetic acid, and lignin but no furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Quantitative correlation analysis showed that YG = 41.41 + 4.09´ball milling time (min) + 112.7´NaOH concentration (%) (R2 = 0.87), YG = 37.79´cellulose content - 1421.55 (R2 = 0.88), and YG = -72.47´lignin content + 1482.77 (R2 = 0.95).Conclusion: The impact of the physical and chemical properties of corn stover pretreated with different ball milling times and/or different NaOH concentrations on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated, which would be beneficial to illustrate the effective mechanism of mechanochemical pretreatment method.
In Vitro Screening of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Cyanobacteria Found Across Odisha Coast, India
Authors: DASH SATYABRATA , PARIDA SABYASACHY , SAHOO BIJAYANANDA , RATH BISWAJIT
Published: January 2022

Cyanobacteria contain a rich source of several bioprospective molecules with antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The objective of the current study was determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential of methanol and acetone extracts of two cyanobacterial species (Lyngbya majuscule and Lyngbya martensiana) isolated from Odisha coast. The free radical scavenging assay of the extracts was performed against DPPH and ABTS+. The reducing power assay of the extracts was also determined. The maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity is recorded on L. majuscule and the IC50 values were 251.34±0.96 and 282.24±0.87 µg/ml respectively. Similarly, the reducing power assay was also highest in L. majuscule (0.762±0.0015). The total phenolic (69.18±0.79 µg gallic acid equivalents g−1) and total flavonoid (38.21±0.61 µg quersentin equivalents g−1) was found more in methanolic extract. The methanol extract of L. majuscule exhibited higher antimicrobial activity (23±0.74 mM) as compared to other test species. Further, methanol extract of L. majuscule, active fractions was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and bioactive compounds like 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether (31.182%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid(15.42%)were detected. Similarly the cytotoxicity results exhibited decreasing cell viability of HepG2 cells in methanol extracts L. majuscule in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity on normal cells.These results concluded that extracts of studied cyanobacterial species exhibited appreciable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and further the methanol extract of L. majuscule possess sufficient amount of bioactive compounds having antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity and thus could be a promising source for health products.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches for Polyvinylchloride Enhanced with Metal Oxides/Graphene
Authors: Ezzat Hend A. , Hegazy Maroof A. , Yahia Ibrahim S. , Zahran Heba Y. , Elhaes Hanan , IBRAHIM Medhat
Published: January 2022

Introducing graphene (G) into the polymer matrix is supposed to improve both the electrical and optical characteristics, especially in space applications. To study the effect of metal oxide and G on PVC, a matrix of PVC/ZnO/G nanocomposite was prepared and studied using different spectroscopic techniques. As a consequence, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra for PVC/ZnO/G revealed two significant bands at 1596 cm-1 and 515 cm-1, G and ZnO, respectively, confirming the composite synthesis. Also, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) result confirmed the interaction between PVC, ZnO, and G. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at B3LYPL/LAN2DZ on PVC nanocomposites with various metal oxides such as MgO, SiO2, TiO2, NiO, CuO, ZnO, and ZrO2 and then reinforced with graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The findings of the HOMO/LUMO band gap energy, total dipole moment (TDM), and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MESP) indicated that the effect of MgO in the presence of GQD gives a nanocomposite with high electronic characteristics with a TDM of 16.675 Debye ∆E 0.231 eV. The distinctive properties of such nanocomposite PVC/MgO/GQD ZTRI C46 enabling usage in optical and electrical components and systems, as well as anti-reflection coating applications for solar cells.
Physical activity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scoping review
Authors: 项新月  , 黄丽华  , 方勇  , 蔡莎莎  , 张明月
Published: January 2022

Background
Reduced physical activity (PA) was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This scoping review aimed to map the evidence on the current landscape of physical activity, barriers and facilitators, and assessment tools across COPD patients.
Methods
Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology framework guided the conduct of this review. An electronic search was conducted on five English databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science (Medline)) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CQVIP and WAN-FANG) in November 2021. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted the studies characteristics.
Results
The initial search yielded 3686 results, of which 1754 were duplicates. Of the remaining 135 articles, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the reviewed articles, there were 14 (33.3%) cross-sectional study, 9 (21.4%) cohort study, 4 (9.5%) longitudinal study, 3 qualitative study, 12 (28.7%) randomized control trials (RCTs). The main barriers identified were older age, women, lung function, comorbidities, COPD symptoms (fear of breathlessness, severe fatigue, anxiety and depression), GOLD stage, frequency of exacerbation, oxygen use, low motivation and environment-related (season and weather). Twelve studies have evaluated the effects of physical exercise (e.g., walking training), pulmonary rehabilitation, pedometer, self-efficacy enhancing intervention, behavioral modification intervention on physical activity and have had inconsistent results.
Conclusions
Changing physical activity behavior in patients with COPD requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies need to identify the best instruments to measure physical activity in clinical practice. Future studies should focus on the effects of different types, time and intensity of physical activity in COPD patients and conduct randomized, adequately-powered, controlled trials to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of behavioral change interventions in physical activity.
Underwater Image Restoration with a Complementary Haar Wavelet Transform Restoration and an Ensemble of Triple Elite Correction Algorithms using Bootstrap Aggregation and Random Forests
Authors: Rowghanian Vahid
Published: January 2022

This paper presents both a new strategy for traditional underwater image restoration using Haar wavelet transform as well as a new learned model that generates an ensemble of triple elite correction algorithm labels based on histogram quadrants’ cumulative distribution feature instead of generating pixel intensities. The Haar wavelet transform is applied on the input image and its contrast stretched image to generate the degraded wavelet coefficients which are refined using Gaussian pyramid of the saliency weights to restore the original image. The ensemble of triple corrections exerts three elite color correction algorithms sequentially on the degraded image for restoration. The ensemble of algorithms covers red channel mean shifting, global RGB adaptation, global luminance adaptation, global saturation adaptation, luminance stretching, saturation stretching, contrast stretching, adaptive Gamma correction for red spectrum, even to odd middle intensity transference using look-up table, green to red spectrum transference using histogram equalization, local brightening, Dark Channel Prior (DCP), fusion restoration, and our Haar wavelet transform restoration. The source is available at https://github.com/vahidr213/Underwater-Image-Restoration-And-Enhancement-Collection
The Effect of Maternal Age and Duration of Labor on Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Shen Jian , Wang Xiaoshu , Song Jia , Zeng Fanyu , Sun Jingli
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal age and duration of labor on perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Methods
From 2016 to 2018, 9,241 parturients (mean age = 29.15 ± 3.41) were included and divided into the age < 28 group (n = 2911), age 28–30 group (n = 3631); and age > 30 years (n = 2699). According to the total duration of labor, the parturients who did not undergo cesarean section (CS) were subgrouped into the < 420 minutes group (n = 4065) and the ≥ 420 minutes group (n = 4094). The perinatal and neonatal outcomes were compared among groups.
Results
Higher age groups were more likely to switch to emergency cesarean section (CS) (P < 0.001). The incidence of postpartum fever was significantly higher in age < 28 and 28–30 groups (P = 0.035). The age 28–30 group was more likely to have abnormal fetal heart rate (P = 0.017). The ≥ 420 minutes group had higher rate of side cut/forceps during delivery, more bleeding volume, higher rate of using oxytocin, postpartum fever, abnormal fetal heart rate, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) as compared with the < 420 minutes group (all P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that as age increased, the rates of switch to emergency CS and abnormal fetal heart rate also increased, while parturients with longer total duration of labor had higher risk of postpartum fever and MSAF (all P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Maternal age was an independent factor associated with switch to emergency CS and abnormal fetal heart rate, while total duration of labor was an independent factor associated with postpartum fever and MSAF.
From models to SMEFT and back?
Authors: Brivio Ilaria , Bruggisser Sebastian , Geoffray Emma , Killian Wolfgang , Krämer Michael , Luchmann Michel , Plehn Tilman , Summ Benjamin
Published: January 2022

We present a global analysis of the Higgs and electroweak sector,
in the SMEFT framework and matched to a UV-completion. As the UV-model
we use the triplet extension of the electroweak gauge sector. The
matching is performed at one loop, employing functional methods. In
the SFitter analysis, we pay particular attention to theory
uncertainties arising from the matching. Our results highlight the
complementarity between SMEFT and model-specific analyses.
Complicated course of COVID-19 in a child with Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome
Authors: Ermolaeva Yu. A. , Samoilova Yu. G. , Kudlay D. A. , Oleynik O. A.
Published: January 2022

The authors describe a clinical case of a protracted course of a new coronavirus infection in a child with the development of severe complications against the background of a hereditary disease of neurocutaneous melanoblastosis, Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome. The progression and severity of the disease was caused by acute onset, lack of specific therapy at the onset of the disease and late seeking for medical help. For 2 months, the patient had long-term persistent SARS-CoV-2 viremia with the development of viral-bacterial pneumonia. A defect in the immune system in the early period of the disease contributed to the protracted course of the disease and the development of complications. The outcome of the disease in this patient was predetermined by the combination of etiological factors tropic to the respiratory system, the presence of background genetic pathology with the development of a pathological response of the innate and adaptive immune system of the body to massive replication of SARS-CoV-2 with the development of the late phase of COVID-19.
Comparing effectiveness of various decongestants in the treatment of acute infectious rhinitis
Authors: Bogomilskiy M. R. , Radtsig E. Yu. , Pivneva N. D. , Kesya O.
Published: January 2022

Rhinitis is characterized by nonspecific symptoms, but they reduce the quality of life as much as possible. Within the framework of this work, the clinical efficacy of drugs based on tuaminoheptane and xylometazoline was evaluated. To achieve this goal, the authors initiated a prospective single-center non-randomized comparative pilot study, the task of which was to compare the effectiveness of intranasal drugs containing tuaminoheptane sulfate and acetylcysteine (Rinofluimucil) and xylometazoline + seawater in pediatric patients with acute uncomplicated rhinitis.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The study included patients who met the inclusion / exclusion criteria, they were divided into 2 groups after a standard ENT examination (patients of Group 1 were prescribed with tuaminoheptane sulfate and acetylcysteine (Rinofluimucil), patients of Group 2 were prescribed with a combination of xylometazoline and sea water. The study included 61 patients (32 boys and 19 girls aged 4 to 16 years): 30 patients in Group 1 (tuaminoheptane sulfate and acetylcysteine, Rinofluimucil) and 31 patients in Group 2 (xylometazoline + sea water); comparable by sex and age.

Results. Comparison of the patients’ condition at the beginning and at the end of the treatment course demonstrated that both drugs had a therapeutic effect: for each of the assessed indicators in both study groups, there was a pronounced positive trend (statistically significant for all studied symptoms, p<0.01). None of the observed patients during treatment demonstrated unwanted side effects and complications in the middle ear.

Conclusion. Intranasal use of a combination of tuaminoheptane sulfate and acylcysteine (Rinofluimucil) has shown efficacy comparable to that of an intranasal spray containing xylometazoline in the treatment of acute uncomplicated rhinitis in children. The advantage of a drug based on tuaminoheptane is the expected gentle effect on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and the additional therapeutic effect of the original acetylcysteine, which is characteristic of Rinofluimucil.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Baiko S. V. , Strelchenia E. S. , Reut S. U.
Published: January 2022

Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare disease that occurs in 5-10% of all cases of hemolytic uremic syndromes in childhood. Pneumonia and meningitis are among the main diseases that can be complicated by St. pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. The widespread introduction of polymerase chain reaction into clinical practice has increased the frequency of detection of this pathology. The article presents the epidemiology, clinical picture, features of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of St. pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. The authors described 3 clinical cases of this syndrome in children with pneumonia. In 2 patients, pneumonia proceeded with destruction of lung tissue, pleural empyema, bacteremia, and severe renal failure, which required hemofiltration therapy to replace renal function. Outcomes of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with St. pneumoniae is worse than in typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and is associated with the severity of the underlying disease (pneumonia, meningitis).
Ready made meals for baby nutrition
Authors: Pyr’yeva E. A. , Safronova A. I. , Georgieva O. V.
Published: January 2022

The inclusion of specialized food products intended for a specific category of the population is one of the measures aimed at improving the nutritional structure of children. The baby food industry is constantly evolving to meet the time challenges. New directions include the production of dishes of a high degree of readiness for baby nutrition. The direction of the production of ready-made meals has not yet been formed in baby nutrition and has broad prospects. The use of modern heat treatment technologies, including the production of dishes with a short shelf life, allows you to bring products and dishes as close as possible to homemade ones.
Secondary steroid resistance of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: state of the problem
Authors: Morozov S. L. , Voevodina N. V. , Dlin V. V.
Published: January 2022

The concept of the steroid resistance in children with nephrotic syndrome, who were initially sensitive to steroids, has been known for a long time. Despite several foreign studies, this problem remains largely unexplored. The results of the presented review demonstrate a lack of information on many important aspects of resistant nephrotic syndrome. In particular, the true causes and pathogenesis of glucocorticosteroid resistance remain unknown, despite the long history of this problem in pediatric nephrology. On the one hand, such patients are clinically similar to the patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, but at the same time they have a relatively favorable outcome in general. On the other hand, the ambiguous response to the steroid and immunosuppressive therapy hinders the development of a unified concept of the disease and pathogenetic therapy. Thus, an important task for future research is to find the reasons for the development of late (secondary) steroid resistance and, to develop and implement a personalized therapeutic approach to the management of children into clinical practice.
The main trends in the morbidity of children in the first year of life in the Russian Federation
Authors: Sokolovskaya T. A. , Armashevskaya O. V. , Sachek O. I.
Published: January 2022

The health status of children under one year of age remains the most important problem of modern health care and prospectively determines the potential of the population. According to the data of the Federal statistical observation with the calculation of extensive, intensive indicators and rates of increase / decrease, the study of the main trends in the incidence of children in the first year of life in the Russian Federation for 2016–2019 revealed a decrease in the overall incidence of children in this age group. The morbidity structure remains unchanged and the first three places are occupied by the diseases of the respiratory system (48.0%), certain conditions of the perinatal period (10.21%), and diseases of the nervous system (9.35%).
Assessing physical development of children of the first year of life using information technologies
Authors: Gudinova Zh. V. , Skoblina N. A. , Zhernakova G. N. , Antonov O. V. , Pavlinova E. B. , Vaskovskaya Yu. S. , Zavyalova A. V. , Vlasenko N. Yu. , Komarova A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the current state of the problem of children physical development assessment in the light of the proposed documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on preventive examinations of children involved in physical education and sports. However, the Russian Ministry of Health does not provide a normative and methodological document regulating the rules for the development of standards for physical development. The aim of our work is to develop standards for assessing the physical development of children of the first year of life in the region according to the method of regression scale, with the subsequent development of an algorithm for assessing physical development of a child by a pediatrician in accordance with the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the introduction into clinical practice of regional modified regression scale of body weight along with the height is preferable.
Predicting early anemia of premature infants with body weight less than 1500 g
Authors: Ivanenkova Yu. A. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kuzmenko G. N. , Nazarov S. B. , Matveeva E. A. , Chasha T. V.
Published: January 2022

Early anemia of premature children is a characteristic disease of preterm infants, especially those with extremely low and very low body weight at birth. The study of new formation mechanisms will help to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner and prevent this pathology in the neonatal period.

Objective. To study insulin-like growth factor-1 and protein-3, which binds insulin-like growth factor, to predict early anemia and its severe variant in premature infants.

Characteristics of the children and research methods. The authors carried out the clinical and laboratory examination of 65 newborns of gestational age up to 32 weeks with a birth weight of less than 1500 g. The authors determined the content of insulin-like growth factor-1 and protein-3, which binds insulin-like growth factor in venous blood on the 3-5th day of life.

Results. The authors revealed new predictors of early anemia of premature children: the content of protein-3, which binds insulin-like growth factor, on the 3-5th day of life of 0.766 μg/ml or less, and the content of insulin-like growth factor of 25.9 ng/ml or less predict the formation of early anemia in premature and very preterm patients. The authors established the predictors of the severe variant of early anemia of premature children, requiring blood transfusion, namely: the content of protein-3, which binds insulin-like growth factor, taking into account the anthropometric parameters of the child at birth. They developed and implemented the methods for predicting early anemia and its severe variant in premature patients.

Conclusion. The results make it possible to timely carry out preventive measures in order to prevent the disease and improve the indicators of health and life quality in very premature patients.
Immunization of preterm infants
Authors: Florinskaya E. B. , Keshishyan E. S.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the recommended immunization schedule for premature babies. Due to the large number of routine medical disruptions this topic is extremely relevant in the Russian Federation today. Based on the modern scientific data the authors identified the difficulties of immunization of premature babies leading to an unreasonable delay in vaccination, also they assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccination of premature babies. They proved that the body of a premature baby develops a sufficient immune response to vaccine antigens, and therefore these children must be vaccinated without delay to prevent the severe course of infectious processes inherent in premature children. To reduce the controversy impeding timely immunization, there is a need for federal clinical guidelines for vaccination of premature babies with detailed explanations; some vaccines require special administration regimens, taking into account the reduced immunogenicity in this group.
Clinical manifestations of Angelman syndrome in children
Authors: Gorchkhanova Z. K. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Bochenkov S. V. , Belousova E. D.
Published: January 2022

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and severe speech delay, movement disorders and ataxia, dysmorphic features, and behavioral disorders. Angelman syndrome is caused by the loss of the 15q11.2-q13 region of chromosome 15 received from the mother, which leads to a violation of the expression of the UBE3A gene.

Purpose. To analyze clinical manifestations in children with Angelman syndrome to identify early-onset and characteristic clinical signs.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The study included 60 children. In all cases, Angelman syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of international clinical criteria and the results of genetic testing. The researchers used clinical, functional and molecular genetic research methods.

Results. 80-100% of children demonstrated delayed mental and motor development, lack of speech, affective behavior, ataxia, hand stereotypes, apraxia of hand movements, strabismus, sialorrhea. 72% of children had epileptic seizures; all patients (regardless of the presence / absence of epilepsy) had a pattern characteristic of Angelman syndrome on the electroencephalogram. Differential diagnosis was based on the gene / chromosomal syndromes characterized by similar clinical signs.

Conclusion. The combination of such most frequent, early clinical symptoms as difficulties in feeding, strabismus, impaired muscle tone, delayed motor and psycho-speech development, affective behavior with frequent laughter, and sleep disorders may indicate Angelman syndrome in a child.
Concentration of fecal β-defensin-2 in children with cystic fibrosis: how the inneral intestinal immune response?
Authors: Kamilova A. T. , Akhmedova D. I. , Umarnazarova Z. E. , Abdullaeva D. A. , Geller S. I.
Published: January 2022

Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by mutations in a gene encoding CFTR-protein (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), located in the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, intestines and pancreas. Defensins serve as important components of the innate human immune system, they play a key role in providing the first line of defense of a macroorganism against infection; they have high antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic activity.

Objective. To determine the values of fecal β-defensin-2 in children with cystic fibrosis and to reveal the dependence of its level on the exocrine function of the pancreas and the severity of the patient’s condition.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The study included 57 children with cystic fibrosis, the average age was 20.93 ± 2.9 months. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed on the basis of an increase in immunoreactive trypsin, sweat chlorides by Cook’s method (>60 meq / l). To assess the exocrine function of the pancreas the scientists determined the activity of fecal elastase. They evaluated the levels of fecal β-defensin-2 and calprotectin using a quantitative enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The levels of fecal β-defensin-2 were increased (108.2 ± 11.3 ng / ml) in all children under examination. The researchers found no correlation between the levels of fecal β-defensin-2 and fecal elastase. The level of fecal calprotectin was significantly higher in the group of children with cystic fibrosis as compared to the control group. There was a significant correlation between the levels of fecal calprotectin and fecal β-defensin-2 (r=0.57; p <0.05), however, no correlations were found between the levels of fecal β-defensin-2 and fecal elastase. The group of children with a severe course of the disease demonstrated an increase in the level of fecal β-defensin-2, fecal calprotectin significantly more frequent.

Conclusion. Children with cystic fibrosis demonstrated a significant increase in the concentration of β-defensin-2 as compared to the control group, which confirms the activation of the innate immune system of the intestinal mucosa. The researchers traced the relationship between high levels of fecal β-defensin-2 and the severity of the disease. The levels of fecal β-defensin-2 directly correlated with the concentration of fecal calprotectin and there was no correlation between the severity of pancreatic insufficiency and the concentration of fecal β-defensin-2.
Development of hormone dependence in children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome at the onset of the disease
Authors: Nyrkova P. A. , Savenkova N. D.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To identify the features of the development of hormone dependence in children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome at the onset of the disease.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors carried out a retro- and prospective study with age assessment at the onset of the disease and first relapse in 118 children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome at the onset with a rarely and often recurrent course.

Results. The authors revealed a rarely and often recurrent course in 118 children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome at the onset of the disease, respectively, in 51 and 49% of cases with the development of hormone dependence (64%) and without (36%). They found statistically significant differences: the age of children at the onset of nephrotic syndrome, who developed hormone dependence and who did not develop, was 3.4 [2.2; 4.8] and 4.2 [3.0; 5.6] years accordingly (p<0.05); the age of children with nephrotic syndrome who developed hormone dependence and who did not develop hormone dependence by first relapse, was 3.8 [2.6; 5.1] and 5.7 [4.0; 7.4] years accordingly (p<0.001). The duration of the period until the first relapse after the onset in children with nephrotic syndrome, who developed hormone dependence and who did not develop hormone dependence, was 4 [4; 5] and 11 [7; 17] months, respectively (p<0.00001). Hormone dependence was revealed in 75 and 47% patients, respectively (p<0.05) among children with nephrotic syndrome who had the first relapse before 5 years of age and after 5 years of age.

Conclusion. The age of children at the onset and the first relapse of nephrotic syndrome, which developed hormone dependence, is significantly less than those without hormone dependence. Children with nephrotic syndrome who have had their first relapse before 5 years of age were more likely to become hormone-dependent.