bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Growth and Antibiotic Resistance of A Natural Microbial Community
Authors: Rauseo Jasmin , Barra Caracciolo Anna , Spataro Francesca , Visca Andrea , Ademollo Nicoletta , Pescatore Tanita , Grenni Paola , Patrolecco Luisa
Published: April 2021

Diffuse environmental antibiotic and antibiotic resistance gene contamination is increasing human and animal exposure to these emerging compounds with a consequent risk of reduction in antibiotic effectiveness. The present work investigated the effect of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on growth and antibiotic resistance genes of a microbial community collected from an anaerobic digestion plant fed with cattle manure. Digestate samples were used as inoculum for concentration-dependent experiments using SMX at various concentrations. The antibiotic concentrations affecting the mixed microbial community in terms of growth and spread of resistant genes (sul1, sul2) were investigated through OD (Optical Density) measures and qPCR assays. Moreover, SMX biodegradation was assessed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The overall results showed that SMX concentrations in the range of those found in the environment did not affect the microbial community growth and did not select for antibiotic-resistant gene (ARG) maintenance or spread. Furthermore, the microorganisms tested were able to degrade SMX in only 24 h. This study confirms the complexity of antibiotic resistance spread in real matrices where different microorganisms coexist and suggests that antibiotic biodegradation needs to be included for fully understanding the resistance phenomena among bacteria.
Horizontal Distribution of Deep Sea Microplankton: A New Point of View for Marine Biogeography
Authors: Vannini Jessica , Yebra Lidia , Granata Antonia , Guglielmo Letterio , Moscatello Salvatore , Belmonte Genuario
Published: April 2021

An investigation on microplankton composition and spatial distribution has been carried out around Italian seas. The analysis of 53 samples, collected in 2017 at two depths in 27 different stations, has led to a scenario of horizontal distribution of microplankton. Dinophyta and Ciliophora were chosen as representatives of the whole microplankton community. A total of 60 genera were identified. Cluster analysis of data regarding taxa presence and abundance led us to recognize that similarities between surface stations were more evident than those between deep ones. Furthermore, we conducted an inter-annual comparison with available data from the South Adriatic Sea (2013, 2015). The higher dissimilarity between deep sea samples was also confirmed in a relatively smaller geographic area. The dissimilarity of deep-sea samples does not correspond to a higher habitat diversification, in terms of abiotic parameters. It has been suggested that the negligible biological connectivity in the deep, for those micro-organisms not able to perform wide spatial migrations, could produce such a biological diversification.
Groundwater Quality Studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Prevalent Research and Management Dimensions
Authors: Mallick Javed , Singh Chander Kumar , AlMesfer Mohammed K. , Singh Vijay P. , Alsubih Majed
Published: April 2021

Groundwater is a valuable resource because it is widely used for drinking, and for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Globally, Saudi Arabia is known to be one of the driest regions with scarce water resources. The shallow groundwater near the major cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is becoming polluted because of industrial effluent discharge, use of fertilizers in agriculture and domestic sewerage in the region. This review tries to focus on groundwater quality problems due to anthropogenic or geogenic sources in the region of Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we focus on different water-quality variables, for groundwater quality evaluation and aquifer vulnerability assessment due to pollutants/contaminants present in groundwater. The current study gives a holistic understanding of different groundwater quality problems and therefore identifies the gaps of the previous studies and identifies the viewpoints of the future research dimensions. We describe the different groundwater quality problems related to toxicities of the fluoride, nitrate, and heavy metals and radionuclides in Saudi Arabia. A majority of the groundwater pollutants are of natural origin, but there is significant wastewater effluent discharge in the region that is also responsible for contamination of aquifers with heavy metals.
Integrating Geomorphological Data, Geochronology and Archaeological Evidence for Coastal Landscape Reconstruction, the Case of Ammoudara Beach, Crete
Authors: Alexandrakis George , Petrakis Stelios , Kampanis Nikolaos A.
Published: April 2021

Understanding the processes that govern the transformation of the landscape through time is essential for exploring the evolution of a coastal area. Coastal landscapes are dynamic sites, with their evolution strongly linked with waves and sea level variations. Geomorphological features in the coastal area, such as beachrock formations and dune fields, can function as indicators of the coastal landscape evolution through time. However, our knowledge of the chronological framework of coastal deposits in the Aegean coasts is limited. Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating techniques are deemed to be very promising in direct dating of the coastal sediments, especially when they are linked with archaeological evidence. The dating of the sediments from different sediment core depths, determined by the method of luminosity, allowed us to calculate the rate of sediment deposition over time. More recent coastal evolution and stability were examined from 1945 to 2020 with the use of aerial photographs and satellite images. This paper presents the 6000 ka evolution of a coastal landscape based on geomorphological, archaeological, and radio-chronological data. Based on the results, the early stages of the Ammoudara beach dune field appears to have been formed ~9.0–9.6 ka BP, while the OSL ages from 6 m depth represented the timing of its stabilization (OSL ages ~5–6 ka). This indicates that the dune field appears to already have been formed long before the Bronze Age (5–10 ka BP). It became stabilized with only localized episodes of dune reactivation occurring. In contrast, while high coastal erosion rates were calculated for modern times.
Comparing the Hydrological Response of Forested Headwaters (Unregulated and Regulated with Check Dams) under Mediterranean Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Bombino Giuseppe , Pérez-Cutillas Pedro , D’Agostino Daniela , Denisi Pietro , Labate Antonino , Martínez-Salvador Alberto , Zema Demetrio Antonio , Zimbone Santo Marcello , Conesa-García Carmelo
Published: April 2021

This study has evaluated the runoff and erosion rates in torrents of Southern Italy, two forested headwaters with very similar climatic, hydrological and geomorphological characteristics; in one headwater, 15 check dams were installed in the mid-1950s, while the other is not regulated with engineering works. To this aim, the hydrological variables have been modeled over 15 years after check dam installation using the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System) model coupled to the MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) equation. The model simulations have shown that check dams have not played a significant role in reducing the surface runoff compared to the unregulated torrent; in both catchments, the well-developed forest cover determined very low runoff coefficients (lower than 0.3%) with a scarce runoff generation capacity. Additionally, the reduction in peak flow due to the check dams was not significant, on average −7.4% compared to the unregulated headwater. Check dams have retained sediments for about 8–10 years after their installation, reducing erosion by about 35%, although soil loss was much lower than the tolerance limit in both catchments. After the sediment retention capacity of the dam sediment wedge was depleted, the sediment yield in the regulated torrent was even higher (by about 20%) compared to the unregulated catchment. Overall, the study has shown that the use of check dams as a catchment management strategy of forested headwaters under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions should be considered with caution, since the structures could be ineffective to reduce water and sediment flows during floods or, in some cases, check dams may increase erosion rates.
Construction of Ecological Network Based on Multi-Scale Conversion and Nesting
Authors: Yu Haoran , Wang Yongzheng , Eme Chan , Fan Xin , Rong Yuejing , Zhang Qiang , Liang Zhe
Published: April 2021

Ecological protection and the restoration of full-array ecosystems is an important part of ecological civilization construction, which is a powerful measure to implement the concept of green development and help bridge the gap between the respective inevitable requirements of the current ecological environment and economic development. To solve this problem, a multi-scale index system was constructed to identify ecological sources comprehensively. The minimum-cost path method, the circuit theory, and the cyclic window search method were adopted to quantitatively identify the important ecological sources and corridors in scale nesting and pinch points and barrier points that affect multi-level connectivity. Furthermore, the specific optimization layout strategy of the ecological network structure of the Hefei metropolitan area was proposed. According to the results, if ecological sources and corridors at two scales are overlaid, the coincident area of ecological sources at two scales is 1719.95 km2. As important ecological sources, Chaohu Lake Basin, Niuwangzhai, and Wuding Mountain, which are important areas to maintain the ecological network, need to be protected. Ten overlapping ecological corridors, which are mainly distributed in Changfeng County, are easily damaged long term. As a result, ecological nodes should be set up as temporary habitats for species transfer. In addition, based on the circuit theory and the cyclic window search method, calculating areas of pinch points at two scales yields 1637.75 km2 and 434.22 km2, respectively, and for areas of barrier points yields 2182.75 km2 and 126.97 km2, respectively. The ecological pinch points at two overlapping scales among them are important areas for future protection. Due to the small and fragmented spatial distribution in the urban area, pinch points with an average size of 0.58 km2 are easy to be restored and will greatly improve the connectivity of the ecological network after restoration. Furthermore, through the quantitative identification of ecological network elements of two scales, the paper puts forward an optimization strategy for an ecological network in the Hefei metropolitan area from three aspects of “point-line-polygon.” The research results can reference decision-making concerning the delineation of urban growth boundary, regional ecological security pattern, land space renovation, and ecosystem restoration.
A (DES)CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO ABORTO NOS CASOS DE MICROCEFALIA PROVOCADA PELO ZIKA VÍRUS: UMA ANÁLISE JURÍDICA E SOCIAL DA DEMANDA
Authors: Pires Neto Carlos Henrique , Dalmas Fabrício Bau , Sanezi Amelissa , Tizzo Skaleth Freitas
Published: April 2021

Busca-se com esse artigo uma visão crítica acerca das discussões jurídicas propostas pela Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 5.581, a qual se exigia a garantia de direitos violados na epidemia provocada pelo zika vírus, iniciada no Brasil em 2015, como acesso aos serviços essenciais de saúde e pensão vitalícia para crianças com síndrome congênita - microcefalia. Tem por objetivo fazer uma análise jurídica e social dessa demanda discutida no STF que, entre outras medidas, propôs descriminalizar o aborto para as gestantes infectadas pelo vírus. Apreende-se que o tema em tela: aborto é extremamente polêmico, obrigando o julgador a se rodear do maior número de informações para viabilizar uma decisão mais acertada. Neste sentido, lastrearam-nos o estudo de diversos periódicos jurídicos, artigos científicos, além da legislação pátria. Logo, urge-se o debate do tema proposto no meio acadêmico para que se possam compreender os aspectos jurídicos e sociais envolvidos nessa lide, pois, numa análise apurada, deve-se, com cautela, resguardar direitos fundamentais de todos os atores envolvidos nesse cenário.
PENSÃO POR MORTE: ALTERAÇÕES INTRODUZIDAS PELA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL 103/2019.
Authors: Nunes Jacquelline Moura
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar os princípios que regem a Seguridade Social no Brasil discutindo as alterações introduzidas pela Emenda Constitucional nº 103, de 12 de setembro de 2019, para obtenção do benefício de pensão por morte, bem como definir a Previdência Social, órgão responsável pela execução do pagamento do referido benefício. Apresenta, ainda, uma explicação do funcionamento do sistema do Regime Geral de Previdência Social, a compreensão do que é pensão por morte, quem são seus beneficiários, quais são os casos de concessão, seus requisitos e regras aplicáveis, de forma comparativa, ressaltando a evolução da história do supracitado benefício, o antes e o depois com a Emenda Constitucional nº 103/2019. Expõe-se também, os principais conceitos do sistema de natureza contributiva, bem como a filiação obrigatória para quem exerce atividade remunerada. Quanto à Emenda Constitucional nº 103/2019, é analisado em seu texto as alterações significativas e impactantes para a seguridade social brasileira.
PROGRAMAS INTEGRADOS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS: CASO DE APLICAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE UNG, (SP).
Authors: Macena Lincoln Villas Boas , Arruda Regina De Oliveira Moraes , Oliveira Antonio Manoel Dos Santos
Published: April 2021

A partir de maio de 2012, por meio de parâmetros avaliativos, descritos em instrumento de indicadores e destinados a mensurar a qualidade dos cursos superiores de graduação presencial e a distância no país, o poder público iniciou ação efetiva de exigência ao cumprimento da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente que, dentre outras ações, legislada desde 1981, previa oferta obrigatória de Educação Ambiental em todos os níveis de ensino, incluindo a educação superior. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de apresentar uma metodologia para a disciplina de programas integrados, a fim de cumprir as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Ambiental em cursos de graduação. Para tanto foi utilizado o Método VERAH (vegetação, erosão, resíduo, água e habitação) de Educação Ambiental, desenvolvido na Universidade UNG, sob a forma de pesquisa por estudo de caso, para o curso de bacharelado de Direito. Os estudantes foram divididos em grupos organizados por temas e orientados sobre a questão ambiental com utilização de  mapas geoprocessados,  petições judiciais, sentenças judiciais e pareceres técnicos municipais. Após essa etapa foi realizada a visita na área objeto gerando  um Relatório Diagnóstico com problemas e propostas.  Como resultado observou-se atendimento às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Ambiental caracterizada pela assimilação conceitual dos componentes ambientais pesquisados e resultando em projeto diagnóstico sobre as condições de preservação do meio ambiente do entorno da instituição. Com isso pode-se validar o método como mecanismo de interação dos estudantes com os conceitos ambientais e, portanto, ao cumprimento institucional da Política de Educação Ambiental de modo transvesal e interdisciplinar.
Desarrollo de la mujer rural en Colombia: Balance, perspectivas y retos
Authors: Beltrán Rejas Miguel E. , González Buitrago Sergio A. , Martínez Montenegro José L.
Published: April 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo elaborar un balance general de la Ley 731 de 2002 vigente en Colombia y el Programa Mujer Rural del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (MADR), entre los años 2010-2020. Mediante un estudio cualitativo de corte transversal que permitió analizar los diferentes canales de acceso y financiación a proyectos productivos y seguridad social, las oportunidades de participación política y cobertura de la educación en varios niveles y la distribución de la tierra para las mujeres. Como resultado, se caracterizó cómo el Estado colombiano ha garantizado el desarrollo de las mujeres del sector rural. De igual forma, se analizó cómo la ley promulgada ha impactado en la construcción de una sociedad rural más igualitaria y equitativa.
LA MATRIZ DEL BIEN COMÚN COMO HERRAMIENTA DE GESTIÓN ÉTICA DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES
Authors: Calvopiña Del Pino Jenifer Tamara
Published: April 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo, determinar si la Matriz del Bien Común es una herramienta de control de gestión ética de las organizaciones La metodología de la investigación fue de tipo exploratorio, con un diseño documental de campo, bajo el método inductivo y analítico. Por otro lado, la técnica e instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue la encuesta, y el cuestionario. A su vez, la muestra estuvo conformada por 10 personas de cada grupo de interés. Se obtuvo como resultado, el cumplimiento de cada uno de los valores en la Universidad, menos en el valor de sostenibilidad medioambiental. Se concluye, que es importante que la Universidad busque la manera de incluir en su centro, actividades ambientales para la población presente.
Procesos organizacionales de la gestión logística en las empresas distribuidoras de productos lácteos
Authors: Castellanos Karla , Olivares Max
Published: April 2021

El objetivo fue analizar el proceso de organización logística en las empresas distribuidoras de productos lácteos. La investigación se consideró de tipo descriptiva utilizando para ello un diseño no experimental, de campo y transeccional. La población estuvo conformada por nueve personas que ocupan los cargos de gerentes en las empresas de productos lácteos ubicadas en el municipio Cabimas y que se encontraron activas al momento de la investigación. Para el tratamiento de la información se estructuró un cuestionario conformado por nueve ítems con cinco alternativas de respuestas, validado por el juicio de expertos y cuya confiabilidad fue calculada a través del coeficiente de Alfa Cronbach, obteniéndose 0,949. Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó la estadística descriptiva, a través de las frecuencias y la media aritmética. Se concluye que las empresas manejan una alta utilización de la estructura organizacional, división del trabajo, jerarquización y opciones organizacionales como proceso de organización logística.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN TEKNIS, KOMITMEN MANAJEMEN, DAN SUMBER DAYA TERHADAP KUALITAS PENGUKURAN KINERJA PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Hakim Moch Lukmanul , Rahayu Agus , Wibowo Lili Adi , Sugiharto Moch. Dudih
Published: April 2021

Pengukuran kinerja pemerintah daerah di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan sebagai upaya mewujudkan akuntabilitas tinggi yang dituntut oleh pemerintah pusat. Berdasarkan teori kelembagaan, terdapat tiga factor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pengukuran kinerja pemerintah daerah, yaitu pengetahuan teknis, komitmen manajemen, dan sumber daya. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ketiga factor tersebut terhadap kualitas pengukuran kinerja pemerintah daerah di wilayah provinsi Jawa Barat. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala bagian dari instansi pemerintah daerah Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan PLS-SEM dan berhasil membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari pengetahuan teknis, komitmen manajemen, dan sumber daya terhadap kualitas pengukuran kinerja pemerintah daerah. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi praktis sebagai panduan bagi pemerintah daerah untuk upaya peningkatan kualitas pengukuran kinerjanya. Penelitian mendatang perlu untuk memperluas cakupan wilayah pengamatan, menggabungkan skala subjektif dan objektif dari variable kualitas pengukuran kinerja, serta mengembangkan variable lain berdasarkan teori lain seperti teori kontingensi, teori agensi, dan teori kapabilitas dinamis.
Soil-Food-Environment-Health Nexus for Sustainable Development
Authors: Gu Baojing , Chen Deli , Yang Yi , Vitousek Peter , Zhu Yong-Guan
Published: April 2021

Changes in soil properties and processes can influence food and environmental quality, thus, affecting human health and welfare through biogeochemical cascades among soil, food, environment, and human health. However, because many soil properties change much more slowly than do management practices and pollution to soil, the legacy of past influences on soil can have long-term effects on both human health and sustainability. It is essential and urgent to manage soils for health and sustainability through building the soil-food-environment-health nexus.
INFLUENCE OF ULTRASOUND ON DIFFUSION ZONE GROWTH KINETICS DURING HEAT TREATMENT OF NICKEL-ALUMINUM BIMETAL
Authors: Shmorgun V. G. , Bogdanov A. I. , Slautin O. V. , Kulevich V. P. , Kuznecov S. A. , Evchits R. D. , Evchits R. D.
Published: April 2021

It has been shown experimentally that the effect of ultrasound during heat treatment of the explosion-welded bimetal nickel NP2 + aluminum AD1 helps to reduce the latent nucleation period of NiAl and NiAl intermetallic layers at its interlayer boundary, reduces the temperature of the onset of eutectic transformation (~10 °C), at a temperature of intense diffusion increases the thickness diffusion zone (by 30-40%), without affecting its phase and chemical composition.
RESEARCH OF THE MECHANISM OF COMPACTION OF MIXTURES OF POWDERS OF REFRACTORY CARBIDES WITH A METALLIC BOND IN EXPLOSIVE PRESSING ON A METAL SUBSTRATE
Authors: Krokhalev A. V. , Kharlamov V. O. , Chernikov D. R. , Kosova E. A. , Kuzmin S. V. , Lysak V. I.
Published: April 2021

The results of investigations of the features of the behavior of the components of mixtures of refractory carbide powders with metals during explosive pressing are presented. It is shown that the main factor determining the compaction of mixtures is the dynamic flow of one of the phase components of the mixture into the initial pores of the powder. As the phase component of the mixture, the movement of which limits the degree of compaction and leads to the formation of a continuous matrix in the structure of the material pressed by the explosion, both the metal binder and the carbide component of the material can act.
IMPLEMENTASI CHALLENGE RESPONSE AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM (CRAM) UNTUK KEAMANAN TRANSAKSI PERANGKAT IoT
Authors: Lami Hendro FJ , Lami Hendro F J , Pella Stephanie I
Published: April 2021

This research aims to secure data transaction in Internet of Things (IoT)devices using the challenge-response authentication mechanism (CRAM). The research choose uses ESP 8266 and ESP 32 to develop the system for their ability to run micropython programming language. Using a random challenge to grant authentication protects the system from replay attack from intruders. In each authentication process, the client receives a 10 digit random number to be encrypted using a shared key and sent back to the server. The server then checks if the client posses the correct key by decrypting the encrypted challenge using the same shared key. Access is granted if the decryption result is equal to the original challenge.
RANCANG BANGUN DAN ANALISA UNJUK KERJA SISTEM PENGAWASAN DENGAN FRAME RATE DINAMIS BERDASARKAN DETEKSI PERGERAKAN
Authors: Pella Stephanie Imelda
Published: April 2021

Salah satu pertimbangan dalam merancang sistem pengawasan berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) adalah jumlah frame yang dikirim setiap detiknya harus cukup untuk mendeteksi setiap pergerakan yang terjadi dan bandwidth yang dibutuhkan untuk mentransmisi frame-frame tersebut . Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah sistem yang dapat mengirimkan video dengan kecepatan frame yang dinamis untuk efisiensi bandwidth. Sistem terdiri dari peralatan-peralatan pengawasan dan sebuah computer server. Setiap peralatan pengawasan terdiri dari computer single board Raspberry PI, terkoneksi dengan sebuah kamera dan menjalankan motion server untuk mengatur pengambilan gambar dan transmisi video. Komputer serr betujuan untuk otorisasi penggun dan dibangun menggunakan bahasa program PHP dan mesin basis data MySQL. Pengukuran kinerja sistem dilakukan pada jaringan lokal dengan menggunakan Wireshark. Hasil pengujian menunjukan kebutuhan bandwidth sistem dengan frame rate dinamis mencapai 25% dari kebutuhan bandwidth pada sistem dengan frame rate statis.
PENGARUH PERTAMBAHAN BEBAN TERHADAP KESTABILAN TEGANGAN DALAM PEMODELAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN
Authors: Mauboy Evtaleny R
Published: April 2021

Voltage stability is the main focus in supplying the electricity power to the consumer. The power quality is important as the stability and the continuing supply is well maintained. This research aims to regulate the system voltage when the load increased with the addition of wind turbines. The simulation using Simulink/MATLAB with 2x1,5MW wind turbines connected to 2 MVA Synchronous Machine. The load is connected and increased gradually. The voltage stability can be maintained when the load is increased up to 50%. The voltage loses its stability when the load near its full capacity. The control is applied and the voltage can be maintained its stability with the addition of reactive power compensation
SISTEM PEMANAS INDUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOLENOID COIL DAN MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Kurniati Sri , Syam Sudirman , Bantoruan Febri Lumban
Published: April 2021

Pemanas induksi memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kumparan induksi, di ameter kumparan, benda kerja, dan beban yang dipanaskan. Ketiga  faktor ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik pemanas yang dibuat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh kinerja pemanas terhadap perubahan diameter dan jumlah lilitan kumparan induksinya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental, dengan membuat sistem pemanas induksi dan melakukan pengujian terhadap pemanas yang telah dibuat.  Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dalam  pengujian suhu 1000C tanpa beban terhadap waktu pemanasan adalah 1,32 menit pada diameter benda kerja 7 cm dengan 7 lilitan. Ini adalah waktu tersingkat dibanding dengan diamater 7 cm dengan 12 lilitan yakni 2,22 menit.   Selanjutnya, pada pengujian dengan beban terhadap waktu, dengan volume air 231mL diperoleh waktu pemanasan 2,79 4 menit. Selain itu, energi terkecil yang digunakan dalam waktu yang singkat ini adalah 83,89 kJ.
Modelo teórico para diagnóstico da transparência em serviços: uma proposta para o setor de alimentos
Authors: Nicastro Marcella Lomba , Santos Aguinaldo dos
Published: April 2021

A transparência é um dos princípios fundamentais para possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável, sendo necessária a comunicação plena das práticas sociais, ambientais e econômicas associadas às escolhas do consumidor. As tecnologias digitais expandiram as possibilidades de aumentar o nível de transparência em produtos e serviços. Embora a transparência tenha sido apontada como uma prioridade nas agendas de inovação, ainda há uma falta de compreensão do seu potencial de aplicação no Design de Serviço. Os autores investigaram o tema dentro do setor de alimentos, empregando como método a Design Science Research integrada à Revisão Bibliográfica, Estudo de Casos Múltiplos e Design Etnográfico. O principal resultado da pesquisa é a proposta de um modelo teórico para avaliar e incorporar a transparência rumo à sustentabilidade em serviços digitais no setor de alimentos.
A importância do STEAM frente aos desafios da formação do ensino superior e da pesquisa multidimensional em Design
Authors: Kindlein Junior Wilson , Bressan Felix , Palombini Felipe Luis
Published: April 2021

O STEAM é uma das principais práticas da atualidade no que diz respeito a uma abordagem transdisciplinar envolvendo diferentes campos do conhecimento. Com as novas perspectivas de avaliação da graduação e da avaliação multidimensional da pós-graduação em Design no Brasil, surgem desafios na formação do estudante no que tange sua integração com diferentes locais de fala e sua participação em ambientes de pesquisa. Neste trabalho, refletimos sobre a importância da prática do STEAM em pesquisas em Design, através de casos de aplicação de tecnologias 3D de investigação, representação e fabricação. Apresentamos um exemplo prático da ligação entre as áreas por meio do desenvolvimento de um objeto de uso cotidiano com um software generativo e impressão 3D, referenciado no binômio arte-tecnologia, advindos do diagrama matemático de Voronoi que se faz presente em muitos elementos naturais. Por fim, é mostrado o papel do STEAM na integração de áreas e frente aos novos critérios da avaliação multidimensional, bem como a importância dos ambientes de pesquisas capazes de abarcar essas tecnologias, fornecendo, assim, ao aluno um estímulo e o ambiente necessário à sua formação de excelência.
TELAAH FATWA MUI NO. 10 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG NIKAH DI BAWAH TANGAN BERBASIS SADD AL-DZARĪ‘AH DAN KEADILAN GENDER
Authors: Mohsi M , Mujibur Rohman Moh , Ulum Miftahul
Published: April 2021

Nikah bawah tangan menjadi isu krusial dalam hukum Islam kekinian. Sadd al-dzarī‘ah merupakan salah satu bentuk metode ijtihad yang yang dapat digunakan sebagai landasan istimbath al-hukm (pengambilan hukum). Secara istilah sadd al-dzarī‘ah merupakan pembahasan seputar upaya untuk menghalangi dan memblokade semua akses dan kemungkinan dari suatu perbuatan tertentu yang pada dasarnya diperbolehkan maupun dilarang untuk mencegah terjadinya segala jenis kerusakan dan kemudaratan. Teori pencegahan ini sering disebut sebagai langkah preventif dalam meminimalisir atau bahkan menutup jalan terjadinya kemudaratan suatu perbuatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan studi pustaka. penelitian pustaka mengacu kepada literatur-literatur sebagai basic of anlisis atas topik yang dijadikan obyek penelitian. Salah satu bentuk langkah preventif pemerintah Indonesia dalam bidang hukum perkawinan adalah menjamin ketertiban dalam sebuah perkawinan melalui undang-undang pencatatan perkawinan, sebagaimana pasal 5 ayat (1) Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) yang berbunyi “Agar terjamin ketertiban perkawinan bagi masyarakat islam setiap perkawinan harus dicatat”. Langkah ini bertujuan membentuk keadilan gender, agar diskriminasi terhadap kaum perempuan dalam praktik perkawinan tidak lagi terjadi.
Underhand marriage is a crucial issue in contemporary Islamic law. Sadd al-dzarī'ah is a form of the ijtihad method which can be used as a basis for istimbath al-hukm. In terms of sadd al-dzarī'ah, it is a discussion about efforts to block and block all access and the possibility of a certain act which is basically allowed or prohibited to prevent all kinds of damage and damage. This theory of prevention is often referred to as a preventive step in minimizing or even blocking the path for the occurrence of an act of oblivion. This research uses a qualitative approach, with literature study. literature research refers to the literature as the basic of analysis on the topic which is the object of research. One form of preventive measures taken by the Indonesian government in the field of marriage law is to guarantee order in a marriage through the marriage registration law, as in Article 5 paragraph (1) Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) which reads "In order to ensure orderliness of marriage for the Islamic community every marriage must noted ”. This step aims to establish gender justice, so that discrimination against women in the practice of marriage no longer occurs.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid
Authors: Anggraeny Ebta Narasukma , Sunarsih Endang Sri , Wibowo Patricia Sanggita Listyoputri , Elisa Novi
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan  selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid;  jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT
Arang Aktif Gambut sebagai Filter Logam Berat Mercury (Hg)
Authors: Fatmawati Sri , Syar Nur Inayah , Suhartono Suhartono , Maulina Dara , Ariyadi Ridwan
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji filter arang aktif gambut dalam menyerap logam berat mercury (Hg) pada air sungai Kahayan yang tercemar. Proses pembuatan arang aktif melalui beberapa tahap yaitu: tahap karbonisasi, tahap penghalusan, dan tahap pengaktifan secara fisika. Mutu arang aktif mengacu pada persyaratan SNI 06-3730-1995 meliputi kadar air dan kadar abu. Hasil uji mercury analyzer menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif gambut mampu menyerap logam berat mercury (Hg) dalam air. Kadar logam berat mercury (Hg) berkurang setelah dilakukan proses adsorbsi yaitu sebagai berikut: ukuran serbuk gambut 40 mesh mampu menyerap logam berat mercury (Hg) sebesar 50 % ; ukuran serbuk gambut 60 mesh d mampu menyerap logam berat mercury (Hg) sebesar 75%.Kata kunci: arang aktif; gambut; logam berat; mercuryPeat Activated Charcoal as a Heavy Metal Mercury (Hg) Filter ABSTRACTThis study aims to test the activated peat charcoal filter to absorb heavy metal mercury (Hg) in polluted Kahayan river water. The process of making activated charcoal goes through several stages, namely: the carbonization stage, the refining stage, and the physical activation stage. The quality of activated charcoal refers to the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995 including moisture content and ash content. The results of the mercury analyzer test showed that peat-activated charcoal was able to absorb heavy metal mercury (Hg) in water. The heavy metal mercury (Hg) content was reduced after the adsorption process was carried out, namely as follows: the size of 40 mesh peat powder can absorb heavy metal mercury (Hg) by 50%; Peat powder size of 60 mesh can absorb 75% of the heavy metal mercury (Hg).Keywords: activated carbon; peat; heavy metals; mercury
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI VARIASI BASIS GEL AIR PERASAN TEMUAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN
Authors: Fathoni Kristiani W. S. W. , Edy Hosea Jaya , Jayanti Meilani
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.) is a plant that contains antimicrobial properties of essential oil and curcumin compounds. The purpose of this study was to formulate temulawak juice into gel preparations by varying the HPMC and Carbomer gel bases with each base concentration of 1%, testing the effectiveness of the antiseptic preparations and evaluating the physical preparations of the gel. This study used laboratory experimental methods. temulawak is soaked in aquadest then filtered and centrifuged to obtain temulawak juice and formulated in a gel preparation. Testing the effectiveness as a hand antiseptic using the replica method. The results showed that the temulawak water gel met the physical properties of the gel preparation which included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test, adhesion test, and syneresis test. The percentage of colony decline using the HPMC base was 29.53% and the Carbomer base was 14.74%. This shows that the gel preparation of Temulawak juice cannot reduce the normal flora of the skin so that it does not affect an antiseptic for hands. Key Words : Antiseptic, gel preparations, Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.)  ABSTRAK Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa minyak atsiri dan kurkumin yang bersifat antimikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memformulasikan air perasan temulawak menjadi sediaan gel dengan memvariasikan basis gel HPMC dan Karbomer dengan masing-masing konsentrasi basis sebesar 1 %, menguji efektivitas antiseptik sediaan dan mengevaluasi sediaan fisik dari gel tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Temulawak direndam dengan aquadest kemudian disaring dan disentrifuse untuk mendapatkan air perasan temulawak dan diformulasikan dalam sediaan gel. Pengujian efektivitas sebagai antiseptik tangan menggunakan metode replika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gel air perasan temulawak memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik sediaan gel yang meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat dan uji sineresis. Presentase penurunan koloni menggunakan basis HPMC sebesar 29,53 % dan basis Karbomer sebesar 14,74 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel air perasan temulawak tidak dapat menurunkan jumlah flora normal kulit sehingga tidak memiliki efek sebagai antiseptik tangan.  Kata Kunci : Antiseptik, sediaan gel, Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza R.)
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS (Stylissa sp.) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TELUK MANADO
Authors: Sukmaningrum Krisnawati , Yudistira Adithya , Antasionasti Irma
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe Stylissa sp. were under the sea, and these sponge contains active compound, wich are more active than the compounds produced by teresterial plants. The purpose of this  study was intended to test the antioxidant activity of the stylissa sp. Sample of the stylissa sp sponge was from the territorial of manado bay. This research an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of Stylissa sp sponge using  DPPH method (1.1-diphenil-2-pikrhydrazil) to analyze antioxidant activity using spectrophotometri uv-vis with variations in concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mg/ L. Was extracted Stylissa sp, sponge by maceration using ethanol 95% as a solvent. The  value results of % inhibisi (2mg/ L); 86.50% (4mg/ L); 90.5% (6mg/L); 90.53% (8mg/ L) and 90,83 (10mg/L). The highest antioxidant activity at 10mg/L concentration with mean precentage 90.83% inhibisi. The result for this study indicate that the extract from ethanol Stylissa sp  sponge has highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Stylissa sp., bay of Manado ABSTRAKSpons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari Stylissa sp. Sampel Spons Stylissa sp. di peroleh dari perairan Teluk Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrihidrazil) untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan yang diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10mg/L. Ekstrak Spons Stylissa sp diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Hasil nilai % inhibisi rata-rata yang didapat yaitu 87,20% (2mg/L); 86,50% (4mg/L); 90,5% (6mg/L); 90,53% (8mg/L) dan 90,83 (10mg/L). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 10mg/L  dengan nilai % inhibisi rata-rata 90,83%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi.Kata kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH, Spons Stylissa sp., Teluk Manado
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DARI HASIL FERMENTASI SELADA ROMAIN (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.) MENGGUNAKAN GEN 16S rRNA
Authors: Gani Maria A , Tallei Trina E , Fatimawali Fatimawali
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT            Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a group of bacteria that produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. LAB are highly beneficial because of their probiotic potential properties and as functional starter cultures in food fermentation. This study was aimed to identify the LAB species isolated from romaine lettuce fermented product by using molecular identification method with 16S rRNA gene marker. The fermented product was diluted and spread onto MRS agar supplemented with 1% of CaCO3 and then purified by using streak method. Both isolates were positive Gram bacteria and gave negative results from catalase test. The result of molecular identification showed that LAB from romaine lettuce fermented product have each 99 and 100% similarity to Enterococcus faecium that known have properties as probiotic potential and functional culture starter.Key words: lactic acid bacteria, fermentation, probiotic, Enterococcus faecium, Lactuca sativa var. Longifolia Lam.             ABSTRAK             Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan bakteri yang menghasilkan asam laktat sebagai metabolit utamanya dalam fermentasi karbohidrat. BAL merupakan bakteri yang menguntungkan karena memiliki aktivitas probiotik potensial dan dapat berguna sebagai starter dalam proses fermentasi makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies BAL yang diisolasi dari hasil fermentasi selada romain menggunakan metode identifikasi molekuler dengan gen penanda 16S rRNA. Cairan hasil fermentasi diencerkan dan ditebar pada media MRS agar yang telah dicampur dengan CaCO3 1% dan kemudian dimurnikan menggunakan metode streak plate. Kedua isolat merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan menunjukkan hasil negatif pada uji katalase. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa  kedua BAL hasil fermentasi selada romain memiliki kemiripan masing-masing 99 dan 100 % dengan Enterococcus faecium yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas probiotik.Kata Kunci: bakteri asam laktat, fermentasi, probiotik, Enterococcus faecium, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.
FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS KRIM ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica Less.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Suru Eunike , Yamlean Paulina V. Y. , Lolo Widya A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Beluntas plants contain flavonoid compounds, which are know to have antibacterial activity. This study aims to make a formulate and test the physical stability of antibacterial cream prepared from Beluntas Leaf extract (Pluchea indica Less.) with three variations in extract concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%, and  test the effectiveness of antibacterial against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The method of this research is experimental laboratory research. Beluntas leaves extract (Pluchea indica Less.) was obtained by maceration using 96% of ethanol and formulated into cream preparations with various extract concentrations. The result showed that Beluntas Leaf extract cream fulfilled the requirements of the physical properties of cream preparations, which included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, dispersion, adhesion, emulsion type and cycling test. On the result of antibacterial activity testing, the average diameter of the clear zone of prepared cream of Beluntas leaf extract was at concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively ie 6.16 mm, 7.83 mm, 10.16 mm. Based on the classification of antibacterial category, the inhibiting ability of the test bacteria by 5% and 10% cream was categorized as moderate, and 15% was categorized as strongly which is the most effective cream inhibiting the activity of Propionibacterium acnes. Keywords: Beluntas leaves, antibacterial cream, Propionibacterium acnes ABSTRAK            Tanaman Beluntas  merupakan salah satu tanaman  yang berkhasiat obat. Tanaman Beluntas mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formula dan uji stabilitas fisik sediaan krim antibakteri dari ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 5%, 10% dan 15%, serta menguji efektivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Ekstrak daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) diperoleh dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim dengan variasi konsetrasi ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa krim ekstrak Daun Beluntas memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik sediaan krim yang meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, tipe emulsi dan cycling test .Pada hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri, diameter rata-rata zona bening sediaan krim ekstrak daun beluntas pada konsetrasi 5%, 10% dan 15% berturut –turut yaitu 6,16 mm, 7,83 mm, 10,16 mm. Berdasarkan klasifikasi kekuatan daya antibakteri, maka kemampuan penghambatan bakteri uji oleh krim konsentrasi 5% dan 10% dikategorikan sedang, serta 15% dikategorikan kuat yang merupakan krim paling efektif menghambat aktivitas bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Kata kunci : Daun Beluntas, krim antibakteri, Propionibacterium acnes.