bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flue Gas Desulfurizer mass and energy balance in 300 MW class subcritical Coal-Fired Power Plant for retrofit application
Authors: Susetyo M A , Reza A M , Juangsa F B , Prakasa Y
Published: March 2021

Based on the recent implementation of the Ministry of Life and Environment (MOLE) Regulation No. P.15/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019 regarding Power Plant Flue Gas Emission, which supersedes MOLE Regulation No. 21 year 2008, there is a reduction of maximum Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) concentration in flue gas emission of Coal-Fired Power Plant (CFPP), from 750 mg/Nm3 @7% O2 content (dry basis), to 550 mg/Nm3 in existing CFPP, and 200 mg/Nm3 in CFPP constructed after the implementation of the regulation. Thus, arises the necessity for the consumption of Coal with lower Sulfur (S) content and/or retrofitting of Flue Gas Desulfurizer System (FGD) system in CFPP, not yet equipped with the FGD system. One of the applicable systems for retrofit is Sea Water FGD (SWFGD). This paper explores the energy and mass balance aspect of the SWFGD system for application in 300 MW subcritical reheated steam CFPP. Operational aspect is the increase of allowable sulfur content in consumed coal up to 1,162%, when the plant is retrofitted with SWFGD, and an increase in condenser cooling water of 0.6 °C due to SWFGD Absorber interface.
Noise mapping in campus a Rawamangun-Jakarta State University environment and its effect on academic atmosphere
Authors: Mulyono T , Rochadi D , Widiasanti I
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research was to map the noise level. The survey method with a questionnaire for 30 respondents taken at random was used to obtain data on effects on the academic atmosphere during the period August - October 2019. Measurement noise levels based on Equivalent Continuous Noise Level Data during the day (L_S), night (L_M) and one-day (L_SM). This data is collected from 256 coordinates by a digital sound level meter and two application software. Mapping using the Surfer application ver11, results show that the noise level category into 5 areas: (1) Red zone, 75-80 dB(A); (2) Yellow zone, 65-75 dB(A); (3) Green zone, 55-65 dB(A); (4) Dark blue zone, 50-55 dB(A); and (5) the blue/bright zone, 45-50 dB(A). Noise levels in near or inside building and students gather is close to the threshold. At near to highways, canteen and near housing, open space and parking area indicate that exceed the threshold of 55 dB (A) and 33.1% of students perceived disturbed when the noise level is at 61 + 3 dB(A). As a result, to improve the academic atmosphere, the area near the highway built physical barriers or tree planting and manage the parking area better.
Use of Municipal Solid Waste and pigment fluorescent as a medium painting
Authors: Wiguna I P , Yeru A I , Zen A P , Yuningsih C R , Kusumanugraha S
Published: March 2021

Currently the balance and sustainability of nature is an often discussed issue in contemporary art. Artists trying to increase awareness, responsibility and action for the nature and the environment through their works. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a form of waste that is increasing every year. These wastes are the garbages that comes from our daily lives wastes. they are usually plastic bottles, product packaging, food scraps etc. Most of this materials such as plastics, styrofoam or other materials derived from synthetic polymers if not handled properly it will become a waste that endangers the environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and study the possibility of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) especially those made from inorganic materials such as plastic, aluminium cloth etc. into a medium for a painting. The idea of painting as expanded field has opened up the possibility of using found object materials as a medium that represents the idea of a painting. By adding fluorescent pigment as coloring pigment to turn the waste material color to be more vibrant and contrast to the eye. The expected outcome of this paper is how the process of using environmental issues and the concept of recycling into a work of art that increases awareness for the sustainability of the nature.
Increasing community participation in the green technology program through design and application of alternative mufflers
Authors: Dewanto D , Muliatna I M , Warju W
Published: March 2021

The high number of motorized vehicles on one side is very beneficial for humans because it can facilitate transportation. But on the other hand, it turns out to cause a big problem, namely air pollution. Because 70% of air pollution is caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions. This study aims to find the design and product of motor vehicle mufflers with innovative catalytic converters from cheaper alternative catalyst materials, to increase community participation in Green technology programs. The research method used is experimental. The products produced through this research are innovative muffler designs and products at low prices, using an alternative catalyst of manganese-coated copper (Cu), which is proven to be able to reduce CO 96.36% exhaust gas pollutants, and HC 94.74%. Thus this research product has great potential to support and increase public participation in the manufacture and use of environmentally friendly technology products.
Sea cucumber ecology Holothuroidea studies in the Sancang marine preserve
Authors: Rohayat A , Destiani S , Nurjaman S , Ardiana C , Nawawi I
Published: March 2021

This research aims to analyze the kelp, diversity, evenness, dominance, food characteristics, habitat and physical and chemical parameters of Holothuroidea in the Sancang marine preserve. The method used in this research is descriptive method with sampling method using purposive sampling, the method is assisted by using the help of lie transects, quadratic transect to help analyze the ecology of Holothuroidea. Based on field observations, Holothuroidea species exiting in the Cikabodasan Sancang beach there are found as many as 3 species including: Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria scabra. The diversity index ranges from 0,9 to 0,13 which shows that diversity is in the low category, Evennes index ranges from 0,75-1,00 which shows that evenness of Holothuroidea is spread and the equity is in a stable condition, the dominance index ranges from 0,02 to 0,53 which shows that there are no dominant species. Food characteristics in the sea cucumber’s stomach are detritus, algae litter, and decapoda. The results of the analysis of the measurement of the physical and chemical parameters of the waters show that these values are still within the range of normal and stable conditions so that they support the life of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea).
Plastic bottles waste as attached growth media in the removal of organic and nutrients for small-scale wastewater treatment
Authors: Nur A , Komala P S
Published: March 2021

Biofilm carriers play an important role in attached growth systems for wastewater treatment processes. The purpose of this study is to study the ability of plastic polyethylene terephalate (PET) waste bottles in wastewater treatment for small scale residential. Then its performance is compared with some communal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) that use other supporting media and those that do not use media. The study was conducted at five WWTP locations in the city of Padang, West Sumatera. The results show that the WWTP that uses supporting media in organic and nutrient removal in wastewater treatment on a small scale WWTP is better than the one that does not use the supporting media.
Comparative analysis of microplastic content in water, sediments, and digestive traces of sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) on Untung Jawa Island and Tidung Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta
Authors: Huseini D R , Suryanda A , Patria M P
Published: March 2021

This study aims to compare the abundance and types of microplastics in water, sediments, and digestive tracts of sea urchins Diadema setosum, in Untung Jawa Island and Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. Samples of sea urchins, water, and sediment were taken from 15 different locations based on the location of the biota colony. Samples of the digestive tracts of sea urchins were analyzed by dissolving them at 65% HNO3, water samples (20 l) were filtered with a 300 μm plankton net, and sediment samples (200 g) were dried in the oven first, then each sample was given NaCl to saturate. Each sample (1 ml) is placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber to be examined under a microscope. The results showed that the abundance of microplastic in Untung Jawa Island was higher at 99.88 ± 1.79 particles l−1in water, 110,737.77 ± 4,197.61 particles Kg−1particles in sediment, and 2,175.55 ± 584.26 particles Ind−1in the digestive tract of sea urchins. On Tidung Island microplastic abundance contained in the water amounted to 87.4 ± 9.61 particles l−1, the sediment of 87,626.66 ± 4,957.00 particles Kg−1, and in the digestive tract of sea urchins to 1,786.66 ± 451.17 particles Ind−1.
Web-based learning model for environmental science
Authors: Rihatno T , Safitri D , Marini A , Yunaz H , Putra ZE F F , Nuraini S , Ibrahim N
Published: March 2021

This research aim is to develop web-based learning model for environmental science for junior high school students in Jakarta in Indonesia. This study using research and development method were carried out in Jakarta, the capital city in Indonesia. This research built web-based learning model for environmental science related to identifying the problem, collecting data, analyzing data, and constructing argumentation associated with environmental problem solution with URL: https://20webdesy.wixsite.com/ikl2020. Validation of experts reached 3.68 from maximum scores 4 showing that this model is already valid. In the conclusion, it is highlighted that this model is valid to be implemented for junior high school students in Jakarta in Indonesia as a web-based learning model for environmental science in order to have sustainably environmental quality.
Application of ICCTV and CVVR for intelligent transportation system with monitoring operations through a management to zero accident (OHS) in oil company: A case studies of Chevron Pacific Indonesia Company, Duri, Province of Riau
Authors: Wicaksono A P , Khafid M A , Sahetapi C A , Fadhilah G , Andita F W , Dewantoro B E B
Published: March 2021

Competent human resources and workplace security are one of the main assets that serve as the operational drivers of the company to achieve high efficiency and productivity. This research is about the implementation of ICCTV and CVVR in supporting occupational health and safety to reduce the dangerous incident at PT Chevron Pasific Indonesia, Duri, Riau. The study to find out how the implementation of ICCTV and CVVR were affected in reducing the work accidents in oil and gas companies that implemented high technology and developed rapidly. The method used is the observation of data both directly and secondary, interviews or ask questions about / on the staff directly related to the application of ICCTV and CVVR. While the analysis technique is done descriptively by comparing the results of the research on the implementation of occupational safety and health with theories derived from the study of the library. From this research can be concluded that the functions and benefits of applying ICCTV and CVVR can reduce even no work accident during the last year of its implementation.
National ambient air quality standardization in Indonesia: A mini-review and critical mind map
Authors: Lu’ayi A F , Lestari P
Published: March 2021

PP RI No. 41 1999 has been the only legitimate policy of national ambient air quality standard in Indonesia since more than 20 years ago. Most of standard for air quality parameters were set based on precautionary principle. It ratified other ambient air quality standards globally which is less representative from real conditions in Indonesia. Due to possibility of massive changes in national air quality conditions and various technological and non-technological factors driving them. The needs of national ambient air quality revision in Indonesia is raising. In addition, air quality as public value needs to be managed strategically by Indonesia’s government in order to provide basic need of society. More representative standard is a key for better monitoring and controlling ambient air quality in Indonesia. Hence, we proposed a critical mind map of integrated approach, air quality standardization principle, and brief process on how to reset national ambient air quality standard. It included the path role of public administrator, private administrator, and theorist in defining integrated framework of status quo and snap prediction. This mind map can be used as base of re-standardization ambient air quality in Indonesia. Furthermore, upcoming greater legitimate policy on this issue is gladly looked forward.
SIKADES: Empowerment-digitalism-based start-up to advance peace and order in Indonesia
Authors: Putra A H , Dinita I M , Muhammad J , Nuphanudin N , Pratama Y S
Published: March 2021

The security is an important factor in investment, so it is not surprising for regions with a high level of security coupled with high investment. Indonesia as a large country spread over 34 provinces, the level of security of each region is also varies, but there are still many areas that have a high crime rate. Various factors that trigger high crime include high poverty, unemployment, education, and lifestyle. For this reason, an effective and efficient formula for enhancing peace, public order, and community protection starts from the lowest level, namely Village. The model used is Sikades, a security model based on the empowerment of criminals, recidivists, village thugs and unemployed who have been empowered to become Village Civil Service Police Personnel (From Zero to Hero) and integrated with online-based applications that help personnel and the community to give and receive reports on the current security situation in all villages in the district. This model provides a sense of security and comfort for the community.
Data analysis and data warehouse design based on Pentaho data integration (kettle) to support the determination of student learning achievement
Authors: Barahama A D , Wardani R
Published: March 2021

Data analysis has become a vital requirement in various fields. The results of data analysis can be used as a data warehouse design that is expected to help in solving problems, evaluating learning outcomes and supporting decision making. In the field of education, student achievement is a reference for achieving quality learning. This success can be seen from the achievement of student learning completeness that is the basis for evaluating and making decisions. The data warehouse design can be used as a basis in knowing student learning progress that can be seen from the value obtained. The diversity of data makes managing values difficult and delayed, data warehouse design using Pentaho can help and simplify data integration. The results of the analysis and design of the data warehouse will be presented in a multidimensional form that can be seen through dimension tables and fact tables.
The online model of the Vocational Guidance Management System (VGMS) for vocational high school
Authors: Mahir I , Kohler T , Soenarto S , Slamet P H
Published: March 2021

Useful vocational guidance can equip the individual to mediate the uncertain labor market. This study aims to develop a model of the vocational guidance management system (VGMS) based online information system for vocational high school, which also linked to the labor market system. This research developed Borg and Gall’s research and development methodology. Following this method, it has built the online model of VGMSs’ architecture consisting of hardware, software, cloud, network, and database. The result of the online VGMS model was feasible and reliable to the vocational guidance process in vocational high school. This online model can help the school parties, vocational counselors, and vocational students to manage their activities related to career and job problems. And for industry, this online system is also helpful to access vocational high school graduates to be employed. This system needs further development to improve the capacity of an information system for broader career counselee.
Suitability study of Blockchain application in electric utility company business processes
Authors: Simaremare A A , Aditya I A , Haryadi F N , Indrawan H
Published: March 2021

Blockchain technology recently draws populous attention, both in academic research and industry area including energy industry. Blockchain is viewed as an innovative technology that can enhance conventional way of doing business, especially those that require intermediary involvement. Perusahaan Listrik Negara or PLN as the state owned electricity company in Indonesia also seek to improve its business process using current technology, including evaluating to implement Blockchain in PLN business processes. This study aims to develop a workable framework in identifying suitable business activity for Blockchain implementation in PLN. The framework is developed from existing frameworks with adjustment to better fit the application in PLN. The developed framework is then used in a focus group discussion involving business process stake holders to identify which business area Blockhcain can enhance the process and suitable for implementation. This study finds that certain existing PLN business process can be enriched by implementing Blockchain technology. Numbers of future innovative businesses that can help PLN to improve customer satisfaction and provide revenue to PLN also identified.
Tracer study information system for higher education
Authors: Yunanto P W , Idrus A , Santi V M , Hanif A S
Published: March 2021

A good education system has a looping system in which the responsibility of higher education for students does not end at graduation but also related to the sustainability of graduates careers so that they are better prepared to work in the community. The purpose of this study is to develop a one-door Tracer Study Information System managed by universities to improve the quality of graduates through improving the education process. The results of the tracer study as feedback are expected to be an input for the education system, curriculum, student activity direction, and Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) policies which include the development of student hard skills, soft skills, and life skills. A reliable tracer study system is due to the availability of adequate resources, namely information systems, survey teams, publications, also the reward and punishment given to respondents. The prototype was developed using the waterfall method which went through several stages specifically analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. The prototype was tested using black box testing. Based on the functional test, it is known that all functions of the system prototype are running according to plan.
Mixed reality updatable content for learning supportive tools
Authors: Kautsar I A , Damardono A , Suryawinata M
Published: March 2021

Mixed reality technology is a combination of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. Augmented reality and virtual reality are often used for various fields in terms of education, media campaigns, even used as a game to be more interesting, creative and innovative. The success of Mixed Reality implementation as learning supportive tools are laid on the content richness. As similar to web content, the use of mixed reality as a learning resource will become less efficient when it doesn’t have dynamic content. This paper presents the early-stage development of the web-based application as the data source for mixed reality to enable dynamic content when using mixed reality as learning supportive tools. As the results, 112 feedback has been gathered along with acceptance rate more than 86 % stated that the dynamic content is more interesting than having mixed reality with only static content.
Mobile augmented reality for furniture visualization using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)
Authors: Ramadhan W , Arifitama B , Permana S D H
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to visualize furniture objects from a catalogue using a markerless augmented reality tracking. Augmented reality is applied to help customers to envision an augmented object for learning the product knowledge of the furniture chosen. The markerless tracking method used in this research is a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), where a targeted surface of the floor for an augmented object can be determined in certain areas in the real world without using a marker. Testing was performed with parameters such as with a minimum of lighting intensity from without lighting, low lighting and bright lighting, a minimum of distance from 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm, a minimum of height from 60 cm,120 cm,160 cm, and a minimum of angle from 30,50 and 70 degree of detection from the surface of the floor. The result of this research is the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping method is confirmed to be adequate for visualizing the 3D furniture model on targeted the surface of the floor without markers.
Optimization of elderly nutrition needs using PSO algorithm: A case study at POSBINDU PTM Sejahtera
Authors: Rizqullah R , Permana S D H , Yaddarabullah Y
Published: March 2021

POSBINDU PTM Sejahtera is a health post that aims to increase awareness of the elderly in preventing non-communicable diseases. According to Departemen Kesehatan, this disease can be caused by food consumption. The food consumed must include vegetables and fruit to enhance the concept of active aging. However, these recommendations are not comparable with the POSBINDU PTM screening data. Screening data mentioned that only 3.5% of 73 elderly people consume vegetables and fruit three times a day. Factors that inhibit the elderly in consuming healthy food are the officers only giving food abstinence advice and expensive food staples. The problem of this optimization model can be solved by the artificial intelligence algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results of this study, PSO can provide varied food recommendations at a minimal price (optimization model). The calorie and carbohydrate content gets a value of <10% of the nutritional needs of the elderly, while the protein and fat content produce a greater difference of > 10%. The average price of foodstuffs produced by the PSO algorithm is Rp.50,965.
Effect of loss water during vibrations on the compressive strength of concrete fc’ 21.7 Mpa
Authors: Roding V L , Candra A I , Karisma D A , Laksono T A , Ansori A , Sudarsono S , Vaysyad A , Hidiyati E F
Published: March 2021

Concrete is an important material in construction because it is necessary to improve the quality of concrete. One of the quality of concrete is influenced by the presence of air cavities in the concrete. The air cavity in concrete can be reduced by vibrating. The vibrating air cavity in the concrete will rise to the surface in the form of water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of water that rises to the surface as a result of vibrations on the concrete compressive strength of fc’21.7 MPa. The method used in this research is the experimental method and the study of previous research theories. Vibration uses an external vibration method with the acceleration of 180 m/s2, variation velocity 160 mm/s, and displacement of 1000 mm. The time variations used are 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes. The specimen is cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed the highest amount of water that was on the surface contained in the vibration with a time of 3 minutes with a compressive strength of 23.35 MPa and water content 0.78 gr.
Contribution of terrestrial material in West Sulawesi based on geochemical and biostratigraphy analysis
Authors: Sutadiwiria Y , Syavitri D , Yeftamikha Y
Published: March 2021

The LYS and KYS exploration wells were drilled in the north and south of the Bdg Block, onshore West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geochemical analysis, especially gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, was conducted on cutting samples of LYS and KYS wells. The existing biostratigraphy analysis shows that LYS samples are in the marine environment (outer neritic-upper bathyal) with age of Late Miocene-Pleistocene, while KYS samples are also in the marine environment (inner neritic-batial) with age of Middle Eocene-Early Pliocene. There are few terrestrial materials found, such as oleanane, bicadinane, taraxastane, and gammacerane, that indicates only a small amount of terrestrial material that was moved to the marine environment. The high oleanane/C30hopane ratio in both wells showed the contribution of higher plants. There are variations in the value of the oleanane/C30hopane ratio in KYS samples at Neogene (Middle-Late Miocene). The ternary diagram shows abundance of sterane (C27, C28, and C29) with marine organic material input, followed by contribution from terrestrial material, and deposited in the marine environment. High concentration of higher plant biomarkers in Neogene compared to in Paleogene indicates depositional environment changes from lacustrine and shallow marine to deep water and also affected by greater abundance of angiosperm plants during Neogene.
Non-linear regression approach to ROP predicted in Geothermal well aerated-drilling at Field X, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Sriwijaya S A , Fathaddin M T
Published: March 2021

Rate of penetration is one of the most significant drilling parameters for optimizing the cost of drilling geothermal wells. Many drilling variables affect the rate of penetration. Several correlations have been introduced to predict rate of penetration by involving some of the variables. In this study, a new empirical correlation based on an optimized nonlinear regression model was developed to predict ROP. Several drilling variables i.e. weight on bit, rotation-per minute, compressed air flowrate, true vertical depth, hole diameter, and foam flowrate were included into the correlation. SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) Software was applied to generate eight equations. The most appropriate equation was selected by comparing the calculated and measured ROP. The selected equation has average percentage difference of 14.6%. In addition, the procedure can be applied to estimate the effect of drilling variables on the accuracy of the model.
Effect of temperature and time of carbonization on coal-based activated carbon adsorption
Authors: Suliestyah S , Sari I P
Published: March 2021

Coal from Bangko, South Sumatra is a low rank coal which has the potential to be used as activated carbon material. The result of proximate analysis and calorific value of coal shows that Bangko coal is included in the lignite category, with fixed carbon 43.58%, volatile matter 41.1% and calorific value 4915 Cal/g. Synthesis of activated carbon from lignite coal was carried out through the carbonization and activation. Carbonization was carried out at several temperature variations, between 400°C-900°C for 2 hours using airtight steel box under non-oxidizing conditions. While the activation has taken place at 900°C for 60, 90 and 120 minutes using water vapour as an activator. The activated carbon iodine number was determined as an indicator of the coal absorption capacity and its porosity. Synthesized activated carbon at 900oC and 120 minutes shows the highest iodine number, 1274.8 mg / g. This activated carbon has 76.78% fixed carbon, 10.65% volatile matter, 5.91% moisture content and 6.66% ash content. Based on the result, we were concluded that low rank coal like lignite was the potential material to produce coal based activated carbon with high capacity adsorption.
The effect of middle phase emulsion and interfacial tension of Sodium Lignosulfonate surfactant synthesized from bagasse to Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Fattahanisa A , Setiati R , Ristawati A , Siregar S , Marhaendrajana T , Wahyuningrum D
Published: March 2021

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is an effort to increase oil recovery after primary recovery and secondary recovery. One method used is chemical injection using surfactants. Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) is one of the anionic surfactants commonly used in the EOR process. Sodium Lignosulfonate can be made by bagasse synthesis, as an alternative to the use of lignosulfonate surfactant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the middle phase emulsion and interfacial tension on the recovery factor results. The method used is the core injection. The injection fluid used is Sodium Lignosulfonate surfactant which has been tested for its characteristics. This research uses core flood devices and synthesized Berea cores. Core injection is carried out in several variations of salinity and surfactant concentration. The results of the study show that the largest recovery result is at 1.5% 15000 ppm with a recovery factor of 5.34% where the emulsions are the least among other compositions but the emulsions are stable at 48 hours and the IFT value is also relatively low at 4.34 mN/m. The lowest recovery results are at 1.5% 4000 ppm with a recovery factor of 3.24% where the emulsions are highest but the emulsions are stable at 336 hours, and the IFT value is relatively high at 10.40 mN / m. Based on this study it can be concluded that if the middle phase emulsion is quickly stable and the IFT value is low it will result in enhanced oil recovery.
Characteristics of wood powder, coconut fiber and green mussel shell composite for motorcycle centrifugal clutch pads
Authors: Kholil A , Dwiyati S T , Riyadi R , Siregar J P , Yoga N G , Aji A I
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by the need for environmentally friendly motorcycle centrifugal clutch pads. Utilization composites of wood powder, coconut fiber, and green mussel shells for centrifugal clutch pads have not been much discussed in the research. Centrifugal clutch functions to transmit power from the engine to the drive train with a centrifugal force mechanism. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the hardness, wear, coefficient of friction, and microstructure of the composite. Composite material was made with three variations, namely specimen 1 consisting of 20% wood powder, 20% coconut fiber, 60% resin, and 0% shells. Specimen 2 made of 20% wood powder, 20% coconut fiber, 50% resin, and 10% shells. Specimen 3 is made from 20% wood powder, 20% coconut fiber, 40% resin, and 20% shells. All specimens were characterized by hardness testing according to ASTM E92 by the Vickers FV-300e. Each specimen was tested three times and the average data was taken. Wear resistance testing according to ASTM G99 by OGOSHI machine. Friction coefficient testing is based on the principle of friction in the inclined plane. While microstructure testing uses SEM by JEOL JSM-6510LA. The results shows that the composition of wood powder, coconut fiber, and shell influenced the test results. Specimen 3 shows the highest value of hardness, wear and coefficient of friction compared to others so that it can be used for the centrifugal clutch.
Tunnel Hydraulic Fracturing evaluation and comparing with conventional hydraulic fracturing computation
Authors: Oetomo H K , Sulistyanto D , Romli M , Veronica V , Sunjaya R S P
Published: March 2021

Tunnel Hydraulic Fracturing is one method of well fracturing operation which generates tunnel in proppant filled fractured rock, near wellbore. The tunnels are in-between packs of proppant. The occurrence of tunnel is caused by certain pumping technique during hydraulic fracturing operation. Frac fluid is pumped continuously, along with proppant is pumped intermittently. These tunnels generate high conductivity media in the fracturing geometry. The subject well was initially flow tested intermittently with 95% to 100% oil cut. The permeability from log correlations is 8 mD, with 1824 Psireservoir pressure, from surrounding wells. Rock mechanic and type of stresses were evaluated to determine tunnel fracturing candidacy. After designing Tunnel Fracturing Design, operationally Pre-fracturing test sequences was executed, which is followed by re-design and operation of Mini frac test. The final design is followed by performing pulsed Mainfrac. The Tunnel Fracturing geometry was computed by service provider software, and the Productivity Index PI by spreadsheet. The Conventional Fracturing and its PI was computed by using spreadsheet. The Tunnel Hydraulic FracturingPI was as much as 4.22 while Conventional Fracturing was 2.05.
Comparison of Permanent Magnetic Motor and Induction Motor on power efficiency in Electric Submersible Pump
Authors: Sulistyanto D , Oetomo H K , Pramadika H , Ziad Z , Putra Y N H
Published: March 2021

Artificial Lift is utilized to produce oil from a well with no natural flow or to increase the oil production of naturally flow well. One method for artificial lift is the installation of Electric Submersible Pump or ESP. ESP is the most common method and widely used to lift oil from a well. The downhole equipment of the ESP, from bottom, consists of motor, protector, gas separator if needed, and the pump itself. Designing ESP includes selecting the right motor to be installed which is suitable for the pump. Presently, there is more efficient motor technology invented and available in the market. The motor is called Permanent Magnetic Motor or PMM. The conventional motor; Induction Motor or IM; the rotor of the motor consists of electrified copper bar, to induce magnet; while in the PMM motor, the rotor consists of permanent magnet. used is Induction Motor. In this study, the PMM has higher power efficiency, higher and stable power factor, and wider and stable operating speed than IM. The power efficiency of PMM motors is up to 90%, while for IM is only up to 85%.
Water wall tubes failure analysis in a 25-megawatt steam power plant
Authors: Sitanggang R B , Nugraha A D
Published: March 2021

The failure of water wall tubes in a boiler steam power plant has been analysed. When the first inspection was conducted on the 25-Megawatt steam power plant, leakage was found on several water wall circulating fluidized boiler (CFB) tube. Visual examination, chemical composition analysis, hardness measurement, and metallographic examination on the tube samples cut from the water wall were used to analyse the cause of the failure. Visual examination showed that there is a thick weld joint on the tube inner side that could induce overheat and cause the tube to fracture and, in some locations, there were thick deposits on the tube inner side. A Hardness measurement of the tube near the fracture location showed an increase in the hardness value ranged from 191 – 206 HV. Metallographic examinations showed that there has been some micro-crack along the grain boundary. Composition analysis on the deposit at the inner side of the tube showed a trace of magnesium and calcium indicate that the water quality of the boiler doesn’t meet the standard. To resolve the problem, it is recommended to fix the weld procedure and kept the water quality to meet the standards.
Synthesis and characterization of composite magnetite-bentonite from Indonesian local minerals
Authors: Moersilah M , Rahman A , Alanas E , Yuliani Y , Rosmalia R
Published: March 2021

The use of modified natural materials as adsorbents has been widely reported. In this study, synthesize, and characterization of magnetite-bentonite composite composites from local Indonesian minerals was reported. Composites are synthesized by inserting iron ion into the bentonite layers with a mole ratio of 1: 1 Fe2+/Fe3+ ion; 1: 1.5; and 1: 2, hereinafter referred to as composite A, composite B, and composite C respectively. All composites were then calcined at a temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The iron oxide formed in the area between bentonite layers has a magnetite structure and has high thermal stability. This can be seen from the diffraction pattern obtained from XRD analysis. The specific surface area of the composite also increased compared to pure bentonite. Before being modified, pure bentonite had a surface area of 47.824 m2/g, and after the insertion of iron oxide, there was an increase. Composite A is 87.482 m2/g composite B is 83.774 m2/g, and composite C is 98.336 m2/g.
Effect of dietary black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) and bioconversion product of cocoa pod husk on performance and hematological profile of sheep
Authors: Rahman R , Laconi E B , Jayanegara A , Astuti D A
Published: March 2021

Bioconversion of cocoa pod husk (CPH) is a biological processing technique using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae to improve the quality of the CPH while being able to produce added value in the form of BSF larvae as a protein source of animal feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo complete feeds containing BSF larvae and bioconversion product of CPH on performance and hematological profile of sheep. This study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, so that total number of sheep used were 20 heads, conducted for 12 weeks period. The treatments were: R1 (complete feed, control without BSF and bioconverted CPH), R2 (5% BSF), R3 (20% bioconverted CPH), R4 (2.5% BSF + 10% bioconverted CPH), and R5 (5% BSF + 20% bioconverted CPH). The BSF and bioconverted CPH were used to replace soybean meal and coffee husk, respectively. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with a post-hoc Duncan’s test. Results revealed that replacement of soybean meal with BSF larvae and replacement of coffee husk with bioconverted CPH in the complete feed did not significantly affect performance of sheep, i.e., live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio). Furthermore, different dietary treatments showed similar response on hematological profile of sheep. It can be concluded that BSF larvae and bioconverted CPH may be used to replace soybean meal and coffee husk, respectively, without any adverse effects on performance and hematological profile of sheep.
Carrying capacity of environment to the life potential of Rafflesia (Rafflesia patma Blume) in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve Garut West Java
Authors: Amalia L , Nursifa A S , Putri D I , Kristianti T
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the condition of vegetation around the Rafflesia environment, conditions and population of Rafflesia host, condition and population of Rafflesia, and environmental characteristics of abiotic component in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique in which 4 circle plots of 0.1 Ha are made. The results showed that vegetation around Rafflesia’s environment was dominated by Ki Kopi (Tarenna polycarpa) on tree vegetation, Ki Barera (Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Dennst) on sapling vegetation, and Pereng (Ficus sp) on seedling vegetation. Species diversity is quite abundant (1.027) with species richness is classified as moderate (3.833) and species evenness is high (1.585). The host of Rafflesia, Ki Barera (Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Dennst) was found as many as 9 trees with an average diameter of 4-15 cm. Rafflesia is overgrown on the roots of the top soil and stems. Found 34 knobs of Rafflesia with a mortality rate of 38.24% which is relatively low. Abiotic environmental conditions are very supportive of Rafflesia’s life. Thus the biotic and abiotic environment in Cipalawah block of Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve supports the life potential of Rafflesia patma Blume.
Isolation and characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber from Subang Pineapple Leaf Fiber waste produced using Ultrafine Grinding method
Authors: Amirulhakim H , Juwono A L , Roseno S
Published: March 2021

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of natural fibres that has high cellulose content. However, pineapple plants must be replaced with new plants once it is harvested, leaving the leaves as waste. In this research, the isolation and characterization of Subang based PALF were conducted. Chemical pre-treatments including alkaline treatment with Sodium Hydroxide and bleaching to remove nanocellulosic constituents such as lignin and hemicellulose were conducted. This process was followed by mechanical treatment using ultrafine grinder to produce cellulose nanofiber (CNF). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed that the CNF had 45-75 nm in diameters. The percentage crystallinity was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallinity values of raw PALF, treated PALF, and CNF were 74.97%, 76,29%, and 69.52% respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was carried out to investigate the chemical structure changes after both chemical and mechanical treatments. The presence of a peak that related to cellulose confirmed that the process was well conducted. These results indicated that PALF waste could become added value to agricultural waste and expected to become reinforcement agent in nanocomposite for structural application since PALF had low aspect ratio and had high percentage crystallinity values.
Enhanced performance of UV photodetector of MoS2 quantum dots-decorated ZnO nanorods
Authors: Putri N A , Fauzia V , Isnaeni I , Lewa I , Imawan C
Published: March 2021

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have attracted great attention due to their unique optical, electrical and chemical properties. MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) exhibit strong quantum confinement, high surface area and notable active edge sites compared to their bulk. In this work, MoS2 QDs were attached on the surface of ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on interdigitated ITO substrates and then used as photodetector. MoS2 QDs were synthesized by a new ultrafast way pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in liquid method and then spincoated on the surface of ZnO NRs. The pristine ZnO and ZnO/MoS2 QDs photodetector were investigated under UV and visible light (325 nm, 505 nm and 635 nm) with the bias voltage -5 V to 5 V. The results show that the decoration of ZnO NRs by MoS2 QDs could enhance the sensitivity, responsivity and detectivity under UV irradiation. This may due to the decrease of dark current as the result of passivation of surface defects of ZnO NRs by MoS2 QDs.
Characterizations of Streptococcus agalactiae from subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cow
Authors: Tuasikal B J , Handayani T , Priyoatmojo D , Trinugraha A C , Tjiptosumirat T
Published: March 2021

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a disease that often infects dairy cow, which then reduce milk production. Streptococcus agalactiae is well known as a dominant causative agent of SCM. An experiment to identify S. agalactiae from subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cows has been conducted. These isolates were examined using presumptive S. agalactiae of Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen (CAMP) test and followed by Grouping test to identified it, which was cultured in soft agar (SA) and serum soft agar (SSA) to observed the capability at surface phenotype expression. Haemagglutination test of these isolates were used 1% cow erythrocyte. Fifty-seven positive Gram and negative catalase of cocci bacteria were isolated from the process of identification, of which 34 were CAMP positive. From the grouping test of these, 14 isolates of S. agalactiae Group B (SGB) were identified. Furthermore, 8 isolates are diffuse cultured in SA, while the remain 6 isolates are compact in SSA. Noncapsulated SGB with antigenic side would be expressed as compact culture in SA and SSA. Haemaglutynine (Hn+) property of SGB have a role in adhesive process at epithelial of mamary gland alveolus.
Comparison of parallel evaporator distribution models in ice cream rolling machines
Authors: Wardika W , Fauzun F , Sunanto S
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of performance on the use of the parallel distribution evaporator on the ice cream roll machine. This research was made using 3 variations of parallel distribution evaporator model, in which the model has a different shape. Model 1 has 3 inputs and 3 outputs, Model 2 has 2 inputs and 2 outputs and Model 3 has 1 input and 1 output. The evaporator is made with a size of 45 cm × 40 cm × 4 cm from stainless steel thickness 0.3 mm so that most of the products produce crystallization then it needs to be set points at a temperature of -18°C. the effect of the superheat process, where the smaller the superheat that occurs, the temperature in the evaporator can be more stable. Based on the results of the testing that has been done, the COP system’s work performance is 4.3, 3.6, and 3.4 for each evaporator model. Efficiencies generated respectively for the evaporator model of 86%, 78%, and 76%.
Co-firing characteristics of wood pellets on pulverized coal power plant
Authors: Cahyo N , Alif H H , Aditya I A , Saksono H D
Published: March 2021

Co-firing testing of the wood pellets was carried out in Pulverized Coal Boiler type tangential firing with a capacity of 315 MWe to determine the effects on the performance, emission, and characteristics of the operational boiler parameters such as mill outlet temperature (MOT) and furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT). Fuel was mixed on stockpile with a fuel composition of 5 % wood pellets and 95 % coal. Fuel was initially filled in four bunkers for each mill operated. The co-firing testing was carried in six hours and the data was collected for four hours after the stabilization period. To observe the further impact on the performance, emission and characteristics of operational boiler parameters, two different fuel (100 % coal fuel and 5 % wood pellet – 95 % coal fuel) were set up through the boiler. The result shows that co-firing by 5 % of wood pellets contributed to the decreasing FEGT by 15 °C from 1,192 °C to 1,177 °C equal to 1.27 % lower than the existing condition. The mill outlet temperature is relatively the same for two types of fuel with mill current slightly increasing by 0.70 Ampere. Emissions of SOx increased by range from 8.22 % to 20.51 %. NOx content in flue gas on the air heater inlet side is almost the same of 310 mg/Nm3 and only an increase of 3.62 % on the air heater outlet side. This test also affected specific fuel consumption which has increased by 4.40 % from 0.556 kg/kWh to 0.580 kg/kWh.
The identification of fire potentials in oil mining area on Minas Sumatera Operations-Indonesia by manual assessment method
Authors: Sutrisno H H , Wibawa B , Triyono T , Amiruddin J , Kusumohadi C S , Setyadi P , Yoga N G
Published: March 2021

The petroleum industry both mining and crude oil processing has a high level of fire risk. This can be caused by the hydrocarbons from the content of mining products, crude oil content to the fuel which is contained in the area around processing. Where, if there is a fire in the surround area can cause a terrible explosion in the oil tank or pool fire. To identify the potential fires, a manual assessment method can be carried out by: making clusters and grouping of production activities, risk matrix table of industrial activities, field observations, identification of hazard materials, analyzes and actions in accordance with the standard operating procedures applied in the company. From the results of observations on the oil and gas industry in Sumatra – Operation Indonesia, generally the identification of potential fires is good, there are several factors that must be taken so the zero accidents in the oil industry can be fully satisfied.