bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressure Vessel Design for High Temperature and Pressure Testing on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Putelli Lorenza , Ghidini Lorenzo , Solazzi Luigi , Iora Paolo Giulio
Published: March 2023

Supercritical carbon dioxide CO2 has been proposed as working fluid in various types of power plants, thanks to its potential higher efficiency and cost reduction with respect to well-known technology of steam cycles. However, the high operating temperature and pressure conditions pose significant concerns in terms of compatibility of supercritical CO2 with the high-temperature sections of the power block. Typically, to address this problem, experiments are proposed, where samples of different materials are kept in contact with the supercritical CO2 in a pressure vessel in order to test the material compatibility. This research deals with designing an innovative openable pressure vessel capable of withstanding the high temperatures (700 °C) and the pressures (100 bar) typical of those power plants. The results obtained by analytical calculation and the finite element method are consistent. The results obtained with both methods are generalizable and the methodology is applicable to any removable pressure vessel that must withstand 100 bar of pressure and a temperature of 700 °C, application field that is outside the ASME B&PV Code Section VIII division 1, standard usually used for the design of nonnuclear pressure vessels. It is important to emphasize that the use of a removable container allows to reduction of the costs of compatibility tests since otherwise, after each test, the pressure vessel would be disposed of. In addition, this allows a reduction of the environmental impact due to the fact that the new container will not be disposed of after each use.
Dynamic Response of 15 MW Floating Wind Turbine With Non-Redundant and Redundant Mooring Systems Under Extreme and Accidental Conditions
Authors: Niranjan Ramya , Ramisetti Srinivasa B.
Published: March 2023

This work focuses on examining the dynamic behavior of large floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) exposed to extreme (wind and wave with 50-year return period) and accidental (mooring line breakage) loadings. The FOWT considered is 15 MW reference turbine supported on semi-submersible platform stationed using catenary moorings. As the mooring configuration greatly affects the response of FOWT, two different mooring configurations namely non-redundant (three-line) and redundant (six-line) systems were studied and compared. The coupled multi-body dynamic system was solved using Openfast. When simulating the mooring line failure, both the operating and extreme loading conditions were considered. Failure of one mooring was considered at a time. The response of the coupled system due to breakage of the mooring indicates high displacements in surge and sway directions in comparison to the intact system especially for the non-redundant mooring system. Furthermore, change in platform yaw angle and increased tension in the other intact mooring lines were observed. The findings from this study will be helpful in accidental limit state design and preventing failure of similar large FOWT systems. In addition, insights into using non-redundant and redundant mooring configurations for such large structures with respect to extreme and accidental loadings were also discussed.
Study of Performance of the Flexible (Al-Based) N-PVT-TEC Collectors in Different Configurations
Authors: Tiwari Gopal Nath , Singh Rohit Kumar , Sinha Akhoury Sudhir Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: March 2023

The opaque photovoltaic thermal (PVT) produces both thermal and electrical energy. In order to increase thermal energy, we have considered flexible (Al-based) photovoltaic (PV) module for the present study. Further, we have considered thermo-electric cooler (TEC) integrated with flexible PV module to enhance electrical power. As a result, an overall power can be increased in flexible PVT-TEC collector. A concept of series and parallel combination of flexible PVT-TEC collectors is proposed to optimize series (n) and parallel (m) combinations for a given number of N (=n × m) collectors for maximum overall exergy depending on thermal and electrical energies which have not been considered yet so far. Further, a new expression has also been developed for the heat removal factor and instantaneous thermal efficiency of the nth flexible PVT-TEC collector to investigate its effect on the nth flexible PVT-TEC collector performance. Numerical computations have been carried out for a given coldest climatic condition of Srinagar, India, and design parameters of Al-based PVT-TEC collectors using matlab R2021b. Based on numerical computations, the following conclusions have been drawn: (i) For case (a) (all flexible PVT-TEC collectors are connected in parallel), the daily overall exergy is 2.7 kW, which is 21.3% more than case (d). (All flexible PVT-TEC collectors are connected in series.) (ii) There is a drop of 20% in the mass flowrate factor due to the correction factor.
Chemotaxis Coupling Protein CheW
2
Is Not Required for the Chemotaxis but Contributes to the Full Pathogenicity of Borreliella burgdorferi
Authors: Sze Ching Wooen , Li Chunhao
Published: March 2023

The bacterial chemotaxis regulatory circuit mainly consists of coupling protein CheW, sensor histidine kinase CheA, and response regulator CheY. Most bacteria, such as
Escherichia coli
, have a single gene encoding each of these proteins.
Listeria monocytogenes GlmR Is an Accessory Uridyltransferase Essential for Cytosolic Survival and Virulence
Authors: Pensinger Daniel A. , Gutierrez Kimberly V. , Smith Hans B. , Vincent William J. B. , Stevenson David S. , Black Katherine A. , Perez-Medina Krizia M. , Dillard Joseph P. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Amador-Noguez Daniel , Huynh TuAnh N. , Sauer John-Demian
Published: March 2023

Bacterial pathogens must adapt to their host environment in order to cause disease. The cytosolic bacterial pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
requires a highly conserved protein of unknown function, GlmR (previously known as YvcK), to survive in the host cytosol.
Deep Divergence and Genomic Diversification of Gut Symbionts of Neotropical Stingless Bees
Authors: Sarton-Lohéac Garance , Nunes da Silva Carlos Gustavo , Mazel Florent , Baud Gilles , de Bakker Vincent , Das Sudip , El Chazli Yassine , Ellegaard Kirsten , Garcia-Garcera Marc , Glover Natasha , Liberti Joanito , Nacif Marçal Lorena , Prasad Aiswarya , Somerville Vincent ,   SAGE class 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, Bonilla-Rosso Germán , Engel Philipp
Published: March 2023

Stingless bees are the most diverse group of the corbiculate bees and represent important pollinator species throughout the tropics and subtropics. They harbor specialized microbial communities in their gut that are related to those found in honey bees and bumblebees and that are likely important for bee health.
Mechanisms of traumatic injury by demographic characteristics: an 8-year review of temporal trends from the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Tomas Carissa , Kallies Kara , Cronn Susan , Kostelac Constance , deRoon-Cassini Terri , Cassidy Laura
Published: March 2023

Background/purpose

This 8-year retrospective study of the National Trauma Data Bank describes temporal trends of traumatic injury by mechanism of injury (MOI) by demographic characteristics from 2012 to 2019 for adult patients 18 years and older.

Methods

Overall, 5 630 461 records were included after excluding those with missing demographic information and International Classification of Disease codes. MOIs were calculated as proportions of total injury by year. Temporal trends of MOI were evaluated using two-sided non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend tests for (1) all patients and (2) within racial and ethnic groups (ie, Asian, 2% of total patient sample; Black, 14%; Hispanic or Latino, 10%; Multiracial, 3%; Native American, <1%; Pacific Islander, <1%; White, 69%) and stratified by age and sex.

Results/outcomes

For all patients, falls increased over time (p=0.001), whereas burn (p<0.01), cut/pierce (p<0.01), cyclist (p=0.01), machinery (p<0.001), motor vehicle transport (MVT) motorcyclist (p<0.001), MVT occupant (p<0.001) and other blunt trauma (p=0.03) injuries decreased over time. The proportion of falls increased across all racial and ethnic groups and significantly for those aged 65 and older. There were further differences in decreasing trends of MOI by racial and ethnic categories and by age groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that falls are an important injury prevention target with an ageing US population across all racial and ethnic groups. Differing injury profiles by racial and ethnic identity indicate that injury prevention efforts be designed accordingly and targeted specifically to individuals most at risk for specific MOIs.

Study type

Level I, prognostic/epidemiological.
THE NEW ANALYSIS OF FRACTIONAL-ORDER MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATIONS BY ZZ TRANSFORM WITH MITTAG-LEFFLER KERNEL
Authors: SHAH NEHAD ALI , ALAOUI MOHAMMED KBIRI , AKGUL ALI , ZIDAN AHMED M. , CHUNG JAE DONG
Published: March 2023

In this paper, two well-known analytic approaches for solving diffusion equations are implemented. We propose a modified version of the homotopy perturbation method and Adomian decomposition methods utilizing the ZZ transform. In this sense, the fractional derivative of the Atangana–Baleanu derivative is provided. In addition, concrete examples are as well provided to demonstrate the precision of the proposed methodologies. The proposed solution is observed to have the desired rate of convergence towards the exact answer. The key advantage of the proposed method is the small amount of calculations. To demonstrate the validity of the suggested methods, we give graphical representation of analytical and exact solutions that are in close contact.
MULTICOMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MIDDLE EASTERN RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS MODEL UNDER FRACTIONAL OPERATOR WITH NEXT-GENERATION MATRIX METHODS
Authors: UR RAHMAN MATI , ALHAWAEL GHADAH , KARACA YELIZ
Published: March 2023

Deterministic and fractional properties of an epidemic model for the dynamics of the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) with various infection stages are proposed in this study whose aim is to show via a mathematical model the transmission of MERS-COV between humans and camels, which are suspected to be the primary source of infection. The mathematical aspects together with biological feasibility of MERS-COV model are provided. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] has been calculated by using the next-generation matrix. With the help of [Formula: see text], we show the local and global stability analysis of the proposed model. Analysis of sensitivity for the threshold number is performed to understand the most sensitive parameter. Moreover, the concepts of strength number and second-order derivative of the Lyapunov function have been utilized for the waves detection. By using the concept of fixed point approach for the model, concerning if it really exists or not, we prove the existence and uniqueness results for the proposed model. The numerical solutions are obtained with the help of well-known fractional Adams–Bashforth technique. For the approximate solution, with the help of Runge–Kutta technique of order four, we accomplish the numerical simulations to support our analytical outcomes which are believed to have an effective impact on developing preventive measures for MERS-CoV, including disease control as well as prevention of spread and transmission in related populations.
ITERATIVE INVESTIGATION OF KORTEWEG–DE VRIES EQUATION USING AB DERIVATIVE IN CAPUTO SENSE
Authors: ALRABAIAH HUSSAM , ULLAH ZAHID , AHMAD ISRAR , ANSARI KHURSHEED J. , QIU DONG , AL-DUAIS FUAD S.
Published: March 2023

This paper is devoted to investigate Korteweg–De Vries equations (KDVEs) with third order under fractional Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) derivative. We use an analytical method due to the Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition technique. We establish the convergence analysis results for the considered problem by using nonlinear functional analysis. First of all, a general algorithm is developed for the computation of the required analytical approximate solution by using the mentioned method. By applying the developed algorithm, we then investigate the approximate solutions for some examples. The computed solution has also been presented graphically using Matlab. Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is a powerful full technique that is easy to implement. In addition, the said method has also a fast convergent quality.
Machine Cognition, Control and Embodiment on Landscapes of Fog, Friction and Selection
Authors: Wallace Rodrick
Published: March 2023

Real-world cognitive structures — embodied biological, machine or composite entities — are inherently unstable by virtue of the “topological information” imposed upon them by external circumstance, adversarial intent, and other persistent “selection pressures”. Consequently, under the Data Rate Theorem (DRT), they must be constantly controlled by embedding regulators. For example, blood pressure and the stream of consciousness require persistent delicate regulation in higher organisms. Here, using the Rate Distortion Theorem of information theory, we derive a form of the DRT of control theory that characterizes such instability for adiabatically stationary nonergodic systems and uncover novel forms of cognitive dynamics under stochastic challenge. These range from aperiodic stochastic amplification to Yerkes–Dodson signal transduction and outright system collapse. The analysis, deliberately closely adapted from recent purely biological studies, leads toward new statistical tools for data analysis, uncovering groupoid symmetry-breaking phase transition analogs to Fisher Zeros in physical systems that may be important for studies of machine intelligence under real-world, hence embodied, interaction. The challenges facing construction, operation, and stabilization of high-order “workspace” or “multiple-workspace” machine cognition, perhaps backed by rapid pattern-matching “emotional” AI, whether explicitly recognized as conscious or not, will require parallel construction of new analytic machinery. This work provides one example, solidly based on the asymptotic limit theorems of information and control theories.
Less Is More: Learning from Synthetic Data with Fine-Grained Attributes for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Xiang Suncheng , Qian Dahong , Guan Mengyuan , Yan Binjie , Liu Ting , Fu Yuzhuo , You Guanjie
Published: March 2023

Person re-identification (ReID) plays an important role in applications such as public security and video surveillance. Recently, learning from synthetic data [
9
], which benefits from the popularity of the synthetic data engine, has attracted great attention from the public. However, existing datasets are limited in quantity, diversity, and realisticity, and cannot be efficiently used for the ReID problem. To address this challenge, we manually construct a large-scale person dataset named
FineGPR
with fine-grained attribute annotations. Moreover, aiming to fully exploit the potential of
FineGPR
and promote the efficient training from millions of synthetic data, we propose an attribute analysis pipeline called
AOST
based on the traditional machine learning algorithm, which dynamically learns attribute distribution in a real domain, then eliminates the gap between synthetic and real-world data and thus is freely deployed to new scenarios. Experiments conducted on benchmarks demonstrate that
FineGPR
with AOST outperforms (or is on par with) existing real and synthetic datasets, which suggests its feasibility for the ReID task and proves the proverbial
less-is-more
principle. Our synthetic
FineGPR
dataset is publicly available at
https://github.com/JeremyXSC/FineGPR
.
Application of InP Quantum Dot film by Photolithography Technology on a Micro-LED Display
Authors: Tian Wenya , Wu Tianxiang , Wu Yongshuan , Xiao Jinqing , Wang Pengkai , Li Junhui
Published: March 2023

The technical of realizing full-color display by monochromatic integrated 100 × 100 blue Micro-LED array exciting InP quantum dot color conversion layer is researched in this study. Using photolithography technology to prepare color film on a separate glass cover glass has the advantages of better accuracy and display resolution. The optimum thickness 12 μm of the quantum dot photoresist (QDPR) was verified and 10 μm black matrix (BM) was proposed to reduce the light crosstalk between different sub-pixels. The thickness of color filter 1 ± 0.4 μm was made successfully between the QDPR and the cover glass, which can greatly can significantly increase the display color gamut from 78.7% to 100.8% NTSC. The red and green brightness conversion efficiency reach up to 78.1% and 296.5% respectively. Representative RGB monochromatic pictures with 100% high yield were displayed successfully.
MiR146a modulates chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by modulating Lsm11 expression
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Zhang Xudong , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Bingjun , Dai Liming , Wang Chenglong , Li Yang , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: March 2023

MicroRNAs play a critical role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis and regulate the progression of joint regeneration in osteoarthritis. Our previous research confirmed that miR146a relieves osteoarthritis by modulating cartilage homeostasis. However, few studies have revealed the relationship between miR146a and the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the function of miR146a in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the potential mechanisms involved. MiR146a expression increased during chondrogenesis. MiR146a knockout (KO) led to the increased chondrogenesis of MSCs compared to that in wild-type (WT) MSCs, whereas the overexpression of miR146a by mimics resulted in the decreased chondrogenesis of MSCs, as determined by the mRNA expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). Furthermore, cartilage defects could be treated better when injected with spheres induced from miR146aKO MSCs than from WT MSCs, indicating that miR146a inhibits chondrogenesis in vivo. In addition, based on miRNA-mRNA prediction analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we observed that the deletion of miR146a led to the increased expression of Lsm11 during chondrogenesis and demonstrated that miR146a targeted Lsm11 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR) and inhibited its translation. The inhibition of Lsm11 by silencing RNA (siRNA) reversed the increased ability of chondrogenesis by knocking out miR146a both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that miR146a inhibits chondrogenesis by directly inhibiting Lsm11 in MSCs, which may be a novel target for treating osteoarthritis.
Impact of exercise on brain-bone marrow interactions in chronic stress: potential mechanisms preventing stress-induced hypertension
Authors: Nguyen Thu Van , Yamanaka Ko , Tomita Keisuke , Zubcevic Jasenka , Gouraud Sabine S. S. , Waki Hidefumi
Published: March 2023

Chronic restraint stress can upregulate MMP3 gene expression in the rat hypothalamus, whereas daily spontaneous exercise can prevent this stress-induced effect. Stress-induced BM-derived inflammatory cell recruitment into the rat PVN can be prevented by daily spontaneous exercise. Stress-induced increase of hypothalamic MMP3 gene expression may be responsible for BBB injury, thereby allowing for BM-derived inflammatory cells to be recruited and to accumulate in the rat PVN, and to be subsequently involved in the onset of stress-induced hypertension.
Prediction on the Remaining Useful Life of Rolling Bearings Using Ensemble DLSTM
Authors: Jiang Miao , Xiang Yang
Published: March 2023

As a significant component of rotation machinery, bearing plays a role in supporting and transmitting power. However, bearings are subject to complex operating conditions and are prone to failure. To avoid ineffectiveness and improve the reliability of bearings, a data-driven method is used to predict the remaining useful life (RUL). However, this method is less stable and can only forecast the RUL of bearings under training sample conditions. An ensemble deep, long-term, and short-term memory (EDLSTM) method is proposed to solve this problem. First, the feature of the forecast-bearing RUL was extracted including time-domain features, frequency-domain energy features, and Shannon entropy. Then, a deep long- and short-term memory network prediction model of the bearing RUL was constructed. To resolve the instability of DLSTM predictions, multiple DLSTMs were ensembled using the maximum information component (MIC) criterion. The model i trained using bearing data with different failure modes under difficult operating conditions to improve the predictive stability of the model. Finally, an EDLSTM was constructed to achieve the bearing RUL prediction. In the prediction result of the training set, the cumulative relative accuracy (CRA) was above 0.9 for most of the bearings. According to the experimental results in the test set, the mean CRA was over 0.80. For some of the bearing’s RUL, the CRA was more than 0.90. The above results show that the proposed approach can effectively predict the RUL of a bearing and has a more stable prediction ability than the bagging integration method.
A Case-Control Study of the Factors Associated with Anemia in Chinese Children Aged 3–7 years Old
Authors: Mou Jinsong , Zhou Haishan , Feng Zhangui , Huang Shiya , Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Chaoyu , Wang Yudong
Published: March 2023

Background. Anemia in children is still an important public problem in China and can have a profound impact on the physical and mental health of children. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for anemia among Chinese children aged 3–7 years old and to provide some basis for the prevention and control of anemia. Methods. A matched case-control study was conducted and 1104 children (552 cases and 552 controls) were recruited in this study. Cases were children who were diagnosed with anemia by the doctor of physical examination and checked by one deputy chief physician of pediatrics, and controls were healthy children without anemia. Data were collected using a self-designed structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify independent determinants of anemia.

P

values less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results. In the multivariable analyses, maternal anemia before or during pregnancy and lactation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.10∼4.15; OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.66∼4.94; OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.13∼5.60), gestational weeks (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53∼0.96), having G6PD deficiency or thalassemia (OR = 8.12, 95% CI: 2.00∼33.04; OR = 36.25, 95% CI: 10.40∼126.43), having cold and cough in previous two weeks (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04∼2.34), family income (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65∼0.97), and being a picky eater (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20∼2.71) were determinants of anemia in children aged 3–7 years old. Conclusions. Some of the identified factors are modifiable and could be targeted to reduce childhood anemia. More emphasis should be given by the concerned bodies to intervene in the anemia problem by improving the maternal health education, screening for disease-related anemia, requesting medical services in a timely manner, improving the economic status of households, promoting dietary habits, and improving sanitation and hygiene practices.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Associated Factors
Authors: Golenia Aleksandra , Zolek Norbert , Olejnik Piotr , Wojtaszek Ewa , Glogowski Tomasz , Malyszko Jolanta
Published: March 2023

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with chronic kidney disease, including those treated with renal replacement therapy, is a growing problem worldwide. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of CI and associated factors in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 18 consecutive patients with PD therapy and 15 controls were evaluated for CI using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE III) test. Results: The prevalence of CI was 33% in patients and 27% in the control group and was not statistically significant. A higher prevalence of CI was found in subjects aged ≥65 years old than in those <65 years old (p = 0.02), but only in the control group. The prevalence of CI in PD patients over and under 65 years of age did not differ statistically significantly (p = 0.12). Memory and verbal fluency were the most affected cognitive domain in PD patients with CI (p = 0.00, p = 0.04, respectively). There was a significant correlation between higher educated PD patients and the ACE III test results. The duration of dialysis did not affect the results of the cognitive screening test. Conclusions: CI is a growing problem in the course of chronic kidney disease and dialysis therapy. It seems that cognitive problems may occur in patients undergoing PD at a younger age than in the general population with particularly affected memory and verbal fluency. Higher educated patients score better on the cognitive screening test.
Competition Between Object Topology and Surface Features in Children’s Extension of Novel Nouns
Authors: Kenderla Praveen , Kim Sung-Ho , Kibbe Melissa M.
Published: March 2023

Objects’ topological properties play a central role in object perception, superseding objects’ surface features in object representation and tracking from early in development. We asked about the role of objects’ topological properties in children’s generalization of novel labels to objects. We adapted the classic name generalization task of Landau et al. (1988, 1992). In three experiments, we showed children (n = 151; 3–8-year-olds) a novel object (the standard) and gave the object a novel label. We then showed children three potential target objects and asked children which of the objects shared the same label as the standard. In Experiment 1, the standard object either did or did not contain a hole, and we asked whether children would extend the standard’s label to a target object that shared either metric shape or topology with the standard. Experiment 2 served as a control condition for Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we pitted topology against another surface feature, color. We found that objects’ topology competed with objects’ surface features (both shape and color) in children’s extension of labels to novel objects. We discuss possible implications for our understanding of the inductive potential of objects’ topologies for making inferences about objects’ categories across early development.
Regional variation in the behavioral aspects of long-tailed macaques and its ecological determinants
Authors: Julianti Santi , Widayati Kanthi Arum , Tsuji Yamato
Published: March 2023

Dietary composition and activity budgets of primate are affected by habitat characteristics. We described variations in activity budgets and dietary habits of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in various habitats, including anthropogenic habitats, through a web-based survey, and tried to find determinants of the regional variation in the behavioral aspects of macaques. The activity budgets of the macaques were stable across sites regardless of geographic, climatic, and anthropogenic characteristics, but dietary composition varied among habitats; the percentage of fruits and seeds was significantly lower at higher latitudes. The plasticity of frugivory in response to regional variations in the food environment was similar to that of macaques inhabiting temperate regions. In habitats with strong human activity, the percentage of anthropogenic foods in the macaque diet was remarkably higher, and fruits and seeds was lower than that in natural habitats. Our results suggested that macaques showed high dietary adaptability to different habitats.
Tool assisted task on touchscreen: a case study on drawing behaviour in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Martinet Lison , Sueur Cédric , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Hirata Satoshi , Morimura Naruki , Pelé Marie
Published: March 2023

Observations of drawing behaviour in chimpanzees have often focused on the completed drawings. Here, we compared drawing behaviour using fingers or tools on a touch-sensitive monitor between five chimpanzees from the Kumamoto Sanctuary (KS) and two from the Primate Research Institute (PRI), both located at Kyoto University, Japan. Regarding drawing duration, both PRI females drew relatively longer than the other, with the exception of one KS female. However, a long drawing duration did not correspond with a decrease in the number of pauses, which can be interpreted as a lack of concentration or interest. Therefore, to better understand the engagement of individuals, we recorded the time spent looking at the touchscreen. Pan, one of the two PRI females, had the longest drawing periods and spent the most time looking at the screen. We compared her with Ai, the other PRI female, to better understand their individual marking techniques and behaviours. By adapting to each one’s specific behaviour and previous experience with tool-assisted drawing on paper, we offered the females appropriate tools for making marks on the touchscreen. Our results indicate that electronic devices are not limiting in the expression of drawing behaviour. The females did not have the same drawing technique and also showed different types of engagement as motivation, which could not have been detected by only studying the completed drawings. By focusing more on the process rather than on the drawings themselves, we try to show inter-individual differences in drawing behaviour of chimpanzees and the relevance to adapt to it as experimenters.
Same-sex and immature sexual behaviour repertoire in a wild group of robust capuchin monkeys
Authors: França Ephraim A. , dos Santos Machado Pereira Felipe , Lorenzo Mariana Pauletti , Lynch Jessica W. , Orsi Mário Luis , Vidotto-Magnoni Ana Paula
Published: March 2023

In primates, same-sex and immature sexual behaviour is widespread and can include mounting and genital presentation. These patterns can be observed in multiple social contexts and across all ages, and can serve functions such as appeasement, reconciliation, practice and dominance assertion. In this study, we investigated same-sex and immature sexual behaviour in a group of robust capuchins (Sapajus nigritus) living in an Atlantic forest fragment and urban areas. We predicted that in order to practice sex, sexual behaviour in same-sex dyads and/or dyads that included immatures would resemble the adult heterosexual repertoire for solicitation through courtship displays, mounts and post-copulatory display. We also predicted that immature individuals would engage more frequently than adults in sexual interactions, in order to practice sex. We conducted all-occurrence observations of sexual behaviour in the study group (28 individuals: four adult males, one sub-adult male, eight adult females, eight juveniles and seven infants) from September 2016 to August 2017. Sexual interactions that included at least one immature individual in the dyad and/or occurred between individuals of the same sex were infrequent (N = 52, 0.13 interactions/hour), but much more frequent than heterosexual sexual interactions between adults in the group (N = 4, 0.01 interactions/hour). The same-sex and immature sexual repertoire resembled the described heterosexual patterns for the same species from the literature. Individuals displayed solicitation behaviours in “one-way courtship”, usually followed by a two-way courtship and then mounts, but post-copulatory behaviour was never observed. Except for the alpha male, all age-sex classes engaged in sexual interactions in same-sex dyads or in dyads that included immature individuals. We found no difference in frequency of participation across age classes, however, male-male dyads engaged more frequently in sexual interactions and may be practicing sex and courtship behaviours. Mounts are unlikely to be a form of dominance assertion as the alpha male did not participate, subordinate adult males did not engage in mounts with other subordinate adult males, juveniles mounted adult males and vice versa, and there were mount switches (taking turns as mounter and mountee) regardless of the initial mounter’s age. Contrary to the post-conflict context observed in Cebus, most mounts in this study were preceded by play. Combining our study with additional evidence for the genus, same-sex mounts and mounts that include immatures seem to occur most commonly in affiliative contexts within Sapajus. Sexual behaviour functions in Sapajus require additional investigation, especially among adult males and juveniles of both sexes.
Facing Mecca from Java: Two Treatises on the Establishment of the qibla, and Their Scholarly and Social Context
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: March 2023

Between the 1870s and 1902, the Jakarta-based Sayyid ʽUthmān b. ʽAbd Allāh al-ʽAlawī wrote two epistles on the correct establishment of the qibla. Questions on the qibla and, controversially, on correcting the faulty direction of prayer in several mosques in Southeast Asia, surfaced in the late 18th century and reappeared periodically until well into the 20th century. Seeking to change the established qibla of a mosque represented not only a strong claim to religious authority, but also a direct assault on the legitimacy of local religious leaders. Thus, Sayyid ʽUthmān’s epistles were aimed not only at cementing his scholarly status, but also at intervening in the social cleavages of the time. This contribution will analyze the author’s two treatises on the qibla and situate them within their scholarly and social context.
Clement of Alexandria’s Stromata in the Early 16th Century
Authors: Galán Vioque Guillermo
Published: March 2023

This article examines the citations from Clement of Alexandria’s Stromata prior to the editio princeps by Piero Vettori (1550) and provides new data on the relationship between that edition and the manuscripts that have preserved this work for future generations.
The ‘Mistaken Identity Hypothesis’ for shark bites on humans is an anthropomorphic fallacy
Authors: Clua Eric E.G. , Meyer Carl G.
Published: March 2023

The Mistaken Identity Hypothesis (MIH) interprets shark bites on surfers, swimmers and snorkelers as ‘mistakes’ stemming primarily from similarities in the visual appearance of ocean users and the sharks typical prey. MIH is now widely accepted as fact by the general public and some sections of the scientific community despite remaining unproven. This hypothesis assumes that ‘mistaken’ shark bites on humans result primarily from confusing visual cues and ignores the important role of other senses (e.g. hearing) in discriminating potential prey. A far simpler ‘natural exploration’ hypothesis can reasonably explain not only shark bites that have been characterized as ‘mistaken identity’ events but also those that cannot be reasonably explained by MIH (e.g. shark bites that occur in very clear water). Simply stated, sharks don’t make ‘mistakes’ but instead continually explore their environments and routinely investigate novel objects as potential prey by biting them.
Method and Methodology in the Study of Religion: Making Sense of the Diversity
Authors: Peedu Indrek
Published: March 2023

Issues of method and methodology continue to occupy center-stage with no shortage of attempts to decisively lay out the correct meanings and spheres of relevance for both concepts. Here, first of all, the focus will be on charting, describing and analyzing the whole variety of meanings these concepts have acquired in the study of religion. Secondly, some of the noteworthy attempts to make sense of the diversity of meanings will be discussed. And thirdly, I will propose and explain a three-dimensional model that I consider more helpful both for describing as well as for analyzing the whole discussion than any of the current proposals. Importantly, this model also makes it easier to highlight substantial similarities with certain other topics and discussions which are oftentimes not using the concept of method(ology) at all, but which should nonetheless be seen as discussing the same general issues.
Attached Critique: Paranoid and Reparative Studies of Religion
Authors: Woodward Tommy
Published: March 2023

In this article, I examine debates about the relationship between critique and normativity in the study of religion. One position in this debate bars the critic from any involvement in normative claims; the other finds that critique fails to achieve the detached status necessary for nonnormative argumentation. I turn to parallel discussions concerning the critical and postcritical found in literary scholarship, particularly Sedgwick (2003 [1997]; 2007) and Felski (2015), to suggest a path forward. Where Felski proposes a rejection of critique on account of its failed production of detachment, Sedgwick maintains the usefulness of critique for specific goals. I argue that critique is always already normative. Its effectiveness at communicating and promoting the normative claims that already motivate it requires an attached critic, who cannot imagine themself at a distance from the situations they analyze.
Fatty acids for insect species remain constant: A case study of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)
Authors: Shah Vivek , Pande Rachna , Verma Pooja , Prabhulinga T. , Madhu T.N. , Gokte-Narkhedkar Nandini , Waghmare Vijay N.
Published: March 2023

Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) originates from South Asia and has spread across major cotton-growing regions. The pest is considered to be the most destructive and of economic concern across the globe. In India, the pest has developed resistance to dual Bt toxins and its concealed feeding nature makes the target sites almost inaccessible for the insecticide. In view of this issue, there is need to identify a suitable alternative for its management. In this context, semiochemicals serve as one of the best eco-friendly options. These chemical substances or mixtures broadcast messages for the purpose of communication. Semiochemicals may be released from eggs, faecal pellets, tarsal segments, scales, anal tufts and/or any insect components that reduce the intra/interspecific competition for shared resources such as food, mating, oviposition site etc. Accurate identification of the semiochemical compounds and their proportion in natural blends that arouse a strong behavioural response in insects, requires a thorough knowledge. Therefore in the present study, we tried to explore the chemicals present in eggs, faecal pellets and whole-body wash extracts of mated female. Seven compounds were identified from a methanolic extract of faecal-pellet samples, namely hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and their methyl esters along with methyl stearate. However, only four methyl-esterified forms were found in common in eggs and female body wash extract. This clearly shows that the compounds remain constant and conserved for the species but the role of these compounds needs to be demonstrated.
Jesus as ‘Rabbi/Rabbouni’ and Mark’s Use of Aramaic as Messianic Code Language
Authors: Verman Mark
Published: March 2023

Jesus is referred to as Rabbi or Rabbouni on four occasions in Mark. Most scholars assume that it was a commonplace term during Jesus’ lifetime and it is a Hebrew synonym for Teacher. It will be posited that it was not in use during the early decades of the first century ce and that it is actually an Aramaic term utilized by Mark and endowed with a messianic valence. This will be viewed within the context of Mark’s agenda of obfuscating the true identity of Jesus and employing Aramaic as a code language. Both Bartimaeus’ petition and Judas’ betrayal of Jesus will also be viewed from this perspective.
Apostasy and Freedom of Choosing to Leave Religion
Authors: Mantsinen Teemu T.
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the possibility and consequences of the idea, concept, and discourses of freedom and free choice in apostasy. The issue is explored from theoretical perspectives of discrepancy, rational choice, and free will and grounded with examples from original research on Finnish ex-Pentecostals and comparison to previous research on apostasy. The article claims that even though our choices are influenced and our freedom is limited by our personal attributes, personal and social environments, and backgrounds, the subjective assertion, belief, and experience of freedom is essential to apostates’ wellbeing and new identity.
Qu’est-ce que les logoi philosophoi?
Authors: Vesperini Pierre
Published: March 2023

Cet article présente pour la première fois une étude exhaustive d’un pratique de savoir fondamentale de l’Antiquité hellénistique et romaine : la pratique des logoi philosophoi, « discours » puisés à cette immense réserve de savoir encyclopédique qu’était la philosophia (qui était donc loin de se réduire à l’image « disciplinaire » que nous en avons aujourd’hui). L’examen des sources permet de dégager trois grands usages de ces logoi : un usage épidictique (où les logoi servent à « faire montre » de son savoir dans le cadre d’une conférence-spectacle) ; un usage éthique (où les logoi servent à « rester droit ») ; un usage social (où les logoi servent à « être ensemble »).
Muslims and the Religious Other
Authors: Kolb Jonas
Published: March 2023

For many years, media and political discourses in Austria have claimed that the Muslim population rarely takes pluralist positions, but instead adopts a negative attitude towards other faiths and people of another religion. The Islamist terror act that took place in Vienna on 2 November 2020 fuelled this stereotype. In order to approach this debate objectively, this article examines Muslims’ attitudes towards the religious other in an evidence-based manner. For this purpose, an empirical data set has been reprocessed and reanalysed. The present article reveals the ways in which exclusivist, inclusivist and pluralist attitudes are taken by Muslims; which religious schemes they prefer; and how they interact with non-Muslims in their social environments. In this way, the article sheds light on the diversity of Muslims’ positions regarding the religious other and people of another faith; the impact of contextual conditions; and the role of media and its reception.
In Front of God, Next to the Neighbours
Authors: Cetin Önder
Published: March 2023

This article presents how emotions contribute to the construction of self-images by shaping perceptions of particular problems that arise during cultural encounters, as described in Turkish instruction textbooks in Germany. I argue that textbooks serve as key information and emotion entrepreneurs, generating emotional resources to shape particular understandings of problems while constructing self-image(s) in transgenerational and transcultural contexts during these encounters between heritage- and mainstream-cultures. A critical discourse analysis of narratives depicting how they were considered as a challenge to the socio-cultural belonging of the actors of heritage culture would highlight textbooks’ representative role as agents of social change through the adoption of specific discursive components and strategies. In addition to research on emotions and textbooks, the analysis would contribute to the study of religion by demonstrating how debates referring to religious reasoning can be approached as social issues perceived and conceptualized through an emotional framework attached to socio-cultural belonging.
The Journey of Nudsugana
Authors: Romero Vidal Nuria
Published: March 2023

The Världskulturmuseet in Gothenburg (Sweden) has a unique archaeological and ethnographic collection of the Gunadule people (Panama) which has its origins in the late 19th century. Standing out in this collection are the wooden sculptures generally known as nudsugana. Carved into anthropomorphic and zoomorphic forms by the Gunadule communities, the nudsugana embody the properties of the trees, humanizing them without changing their nature. A large number of them travelled across the Atlantic Ocean with the Swedish anthropologist Erland Nordenskiöld in 1927 to become part of what was then the Gothenburg Ethnographic Museum. Many others came later, up until the 1970s; today there are over one hundred of them. Some of these carvings have been studied to explore all the possibilities offered by multidisciplinary analysis. In this paper, we explain the methodology used in this study and the first results of what the nusdsugana can tell us about the people, forests, and trees they stem from.
Timber as a Marine Resource: Exploitation of Arctic Driftwood in the North Atlantic
Authors: Mooney Dawn Elise , Guðmundsdóttir Lísabet , Pinta Élie , Alm Torbjørn
Published: March 2023

The North Atlantic islands of the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland have always been relatively poor in terms of native timber resources, due to their cold climate and exposed topography. Nevertheless, timber was vital to the material culture of the Norse settlers of these islands, and driftwood often met this need. As in subarctic Norway, where trees are also scarce, driftwood use and ownership were prescribed in medieval law codes. Historical documentary evidence shows that wealthy landowners bought driftwood rights as valuable assets, and ethnohistorical sources reveal a wide range of local and regional customs related to driftwood exploitation. However, driftwood was an unstable resource, and its delivery depended on a range of unpredictable factors related to climate and ocean currents. There is also ongoing debate regarding the relative importance of imported timber, which is for example often referenced in the Icelandic sagas. The use of driftwood is difficult to demonstrate through macroscopic, microscopic, or (geo-)chemical analysis. Similarities in the microscopic anatomy of boreal wood taxa preclude definitive provenancing through taxonomic analysis, and material traces of immersion in seawater are often either impermanent or ambiguous, especially in archaeological wood remains. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current historical and archaeological research on the exploitation of driftwood timber in the Medieval North Atlantic and explores potential future directions in this field. Furthermore, it asserts that this line of research should be pursued with some urgency, as anthropogenic climate change threatens both driftwood delivery and the preservation of archaeological wood remains.
­A review of Platynaspini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian subcontinent, including description of a new genus from north-eastern India and Bangladesh
Authors: POORANI J.
Published: March 2023

The tribe Platynaspini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of the Indian subcontinent is reviewed and ten species of Platynaspis Redtenbacher 1843 are briefly described and illustrated with notes on their distribution, biology, and hosts, wherever known. A lectotype is designated for Platynaspis flavoguttata (Gorham, 1894) (lectotype designation). Neoplatynaspis nataliae gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the north-eastern Indian state of Meghalaya and Bangladesh. It differs from Platynaspis and Platycrus Szawaryn & Ślipiński 2022, the two existing genera of Platynaspini, by its unusual antenna with a highly modified pedicel, scape and the terminal antennomere forming a large knife-shaped club, legs with enlarged femora, strongly angulate tibiae and trimerous tarsi. A revised key to the genera of Platynaspini and an updated checklist of the Platynaspini of the Indian subcontinent are provided.