bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research in Recycling Technology of Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reduction of Environmental Load: Optimum Decomposition Conditions of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers in the Purpose of Fiber Reuse
Authors: Shi Jian , Kemmochi Kiyoshi , Bao Li Min
Published: September 2011

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of pyrolysis time and temperature on the mechanical properties of recycled carbon fiber, based on tensile strength measurements, determining the optimum decomposition conditions for carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) by superheated steam. In this research, CFRPs were efficiently depolymerized and reinforced fibers were separated from resin by superheated steam. Tensile strength of fibrous recyclates was measured and compared to that of virgin fiber. Although tensile strength of recycled fibers were litter lower than that of virgin fiber, under some conditions tensile strength of recycled fibers were close to that of virgin fiber. With pyrolysis, some char residue from the polymer remains on the fibers and degrees of char on the recycled fibers were closely examined by scanning electron microscopy.
The Effects of Cu Dopant on the Microstructure and Non-Ohmic Electrical Properties of ZnO Varistors
Authors: Fan Ji Wei , Li Xiao Peng , Zhang Zhen Guo , Jiao Zhi Qiang , Liu Xiang Yang , Zhang Wen Jing , Poosimma Poonsuk , Freer Robert
Published: September 2011

The doping effects of Cu on the microstructure and non-ohmic electrical properties of ZnO varistors were studied. Addition of Cu2O can enhance the ZnO grain growth during sintering. The SEM and EDS results revealed that the added Cu mainly distributed in the grain boundary and spinel phases of ZnO varistors. The Cu2O addition increased the both of grain and grain boundary resistances. However it decreased the non-ohmic electrical characteristics of ZnO varistors, which is a good agreement with similar findings on Ag2O additions, but contrasts to the reports of good non-ohmic electrical property which found on binary Cu doped ZnO varistors.
Commercial Activated Carbon Modified with Sulfuric Acid: A Potential Permeable Reactive Barrier Material for In Situ Remediation of Cr(VI) from Groundwater
Authors: Liu Jun Ping , Zhang Huan Zhen , Liu Xiao Meng
Published: September 2011

In this study, removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from synthetic groundwater by adsorption onto commercial activated carbon (CAC) made up of coconut shell is investigated in batch studies. Surface modification of CAC with sulfuric acid is also conducted to evaluate its removal performance. It is evident that CAC chemically modified with sulfuric acid (sulfuric-treated CAC) demonstrates higher Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency than non-treated CAC in dealing with contaminated groundwater with the pH is about 7.0, suggesting that sulfuric-treated CAC is suitable for the in-situ remediation of Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated groundwater. Adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) is strongly affected by pH, the granular sulfuric-treated CAC exhibits the highest Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption capacity at pH 1.5 and the maximum Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption capacity of which estimated with the Langmuir model was 8.24mg/g.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of α-Fe2O3 Hollow Microspheres and Nanorods
Authors: Ye Xia Lei , Liu Guo Han , Song Yu Zhe , Han Gen Liang , Lu Qi Hai , Liu Bin , Wang Yun Fu , Li Gon Gong
Published: September 2011

α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres and nanorods were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using glucose and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as morphology controlled agents, followed by calcination at 500 °C for 4 h in air. The crystal structures of products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the hollow microspheres with diameters of 1-2 μm are consist of nanoparticles (80-100 nm), and the nanorods have a structure in the diameter of 80-100 nm and length about 1 μm. Furthermore, the α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres show higher gas response to ethanol than that of nanorods and nanoparticles.
Thermal and Optical Properties of Semi-Transparent Amorphous Silicon BIPV for Building Application
Authors: Chen Hsuan Jui , Chiang Che Ming , Horng Richard S. , Lee Shin Ku
Published: September 2011

A new type of poly-crystalline amorphous thin film photovoltaic module with high visible light transmittance was developed for use in a building. The method of PECVD (Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) was applied to produce satisfactory high color rendering index (HCRI) BIPV module of good quality with visible light transmittance as high as 26.9%, solar radiation absorptance below 60% and shading coefficient equal to 54%. The thermal and optical properties of HCRI BIPV module are studied in some detail and the results reported. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity of HCRI BIPV module are less than that of Si-based BIPV. The HCRI-BIPV module appeared to be effective in improving the visible transmittance and reducing the absorptance, but the value of SC of HCRI-BIPV module was higher than that of Si-based BIPV. This indicates that there is still a trade-off between day lighting and thermal insulation for designing an optimal BIPV module. Further thermal performance work conducted by a small-sized hot-box with a solar simulator lamp revealed that heat is mostly absorbed by the HCRI-BIPV and a small amount of heat is conducted into building. The surface temperature on both sides of Si-based BIPV reached a steady state is faster than that of HCRI-BIPV due to the higher thermal diffusivity. This can have important practical implications on the fabrication of low-cost, high visible light transmittance of BIPV module.
Experimental Study on Wet Desulphurization System of Large-Scale Thermal Power Plant with Ammonia Soda Solid Waste (White Mud)
Authors: Hong Rong Kun , Gao Wei , Hu Ping Fan , Yang Tao , Zhang Shao Shun , Liao Yong Jin , Chen Yong
Published: September 2011

In this paper, a field experiment of gas wet desulphurization with white mud and gypsum has been taken on one thermal power plant under the condition that the desulphurization system has not been renovated. the experimental result shows that the desulphurization ability of white mud is about 2% higher than limestone under the same PH value, so it’s feasible to apply the white mud as desulfurizer to the desulphurization system of large-scale thermal power plant, and the gypsum obtained after the desulphurization is better than that in limestone system, then the waste is all utilized. However, in practice, there is a need to increase the equipments for the corresponding slurry storage, preparation and supply, and also a capacity assessment for the dewatering system, wastes water system and process water system.
Using Agricultural Wastes as Compounded Medium for Fungal Mycelia
Authors: Li Po Min , Lee Ching Wei , Chen Wei Ting
Published: September 2011

In agricultural industry, waste management is a crucial issue in developing countries as agricultural wastes have become one of the main causes of the globally environmental pollution. Thus, how to effectively utilize these wastes will substantially reduce environmental pollution and lower resources losses. Instead of adding chemicals, this research used different species of bananas in shake flask cultures of Agaricus blazei to yield the same amount of polysaccharide as in other common medium. The dry weight of mycelia and polysaccharide had a 0.06 mg/ml change in the Agaricus blazei mycelia by adding banana wastes. In addition, the mycelium dry weight and polysaccharide production were in positive correlation.
Identification of Wear Coefficient in Archard Model Based on LuGre Friction Model
Authors: Zeng Xu , Zuo Shu Guang , Wu Xu Dong
Published: September 2011

Considering the mechanism interaction between the tire tread and road surface, a dynamic model is established based on LuGre friction model in this paper. The parameter identification of wear coefficient in Archard model is proceeded by simulation in accordance with the experiment data in the correlative references based on the computational method of abrasion loss in Archard model. The results show that this model can fit the experiment data well, provide a theoretic instruction to fulfill the tire wear prediction and lay the foundation of further research in this field.
Recycling Lime Sludge from CPDC An-Shun Site as Coarse Aggregates through Cold-Bonding Technique
Authors: Tsai Chih Ta , Chang Chien Chih , Li Lung Sheng , Kung Tung Chin
Published: September 2011

This paper shows that a new approach (i.e. cold-bonding technique) to recycle uncontaminated and innocuous lime sludge as coarse aggregates. The cold-bonding technique incorporates the principles of the cement chemistry and composite material to develop recycling coarse aggregates. Herein lime sludge was regarded as the main materials to produce recycling coarse aggregates, which meet the specifications of green building materials in Taiwan, using the cold-bonding technique instead of sintering method in light of the issues of reduction of waste, energy, and CO2 footprint. The results show that the specific gravity (in the oven-dry state, OD) of recycling coarse aggregate is in the range of 1.20 to 1.23; the absorption capacity is in 40.0 to 44.6 %; the dry loose density (i.e. unit weight) is 811 to 837 kg/m3; the single particle compressive strength at 28-day is in the range of 17.8 to 20.4 MPa; the particle cylindrical crushing strength ranges from 27.9 to 33.8 MPa; other characteristics also satisfies ASTM C33. The developed recycling coarse aggregates could increase the reuse and recycling of lime sludge, reduce the energy consumption and CO2 footprint, and diminish the impact on the environment and future generations.
Tensile and Fatigue Properies of Ultrathin Copper Films and their Temperature Dependence
Authors: Guo Qiao Neng , Yang Shi E , Wang Ming Xing , Huo Yu Ping
Published: September 2011

The molecular dynamics simulations are performed with single-crystal copper thin films under uniaxial tensile and cyclic loading to investigate temperature effects on the mechanical responses. With the changes of sample temperatures in uniaxial extension, the variation characteristics of maximum stress, the Young’s modulus, the maximal potential energy, the atomic structure of the emerging dislocation, and activation volume and activation free energy at the maximum stress point make us identify and explain the critical temperature for the transition of deformation mechanism in a temperature range from 293 to 460 K. Under cyclic loading, with raising temperature, the number of cycles to failure of copper films increases under different manners in different temperature range, which can be explained by our constructing model based on the evolutionary features of dislocation. Thus, the mechanisms of the strange temperature dependence of tensile and cyclic deformation have been explained. When the temperature is above 370 K, the rate controlling mechanism is dislocation climbing during uniaxial loading, and the number of cycles to failure goes up quickly with temperature; when below 370 K, the mechanism of uniaxial tensility is mainly characterized by the overcoming of Peierls–Nabarro barrier and a few localized pinnings, the number of cycles rises slowly; and when about 370 K, the mechanism in single-axial tension is pipe diffusion, the number of cycles increases at middle speed.
An Innovative Combination Process for PCBs Removing in Aged Landfill Leachate
Authors: Yuan Yi Hua , Xiao Xin Tong , Xia Shui Chun , Luo Bin Hua , Chen Xiao Zhen , Xia Shi Bin
Published: September 2011

PCBs removal in the aged leachate by a new combination process, combined coagulation with a two-staged sequencing batch biofilm reactor with Luffa Sponges (LS) as the biomass carriers (LS-SBBR), was studied in this research. The results indicated that the removal rate of total PCBs in the aged leachate was 51.97%, and it was achieved mainly by the removal of trichlorobiphenyls, the PCBs contents in sludge in the two-staged LS-SBBR were consistent with the conclusion that the PCBs removal in liquid phase of the second LS-SBBR was higher than that of the first LS-SBBR.
Experimental Study on Combined Process of EOW and MBR for Treatment of UDMH Wastewater
Authors: Xia Ben Li , Wang Li , Liu Yuan
Published: September 2011

The combined process of Electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW)and membrane bioreactor(MBR)was applied to treat the UDMH wastewater, and its treatment efficiency was compared with that by MBR alone．In the combined process, the treatment efficiency of UDMH wastewater is better than MBR alone. When the influent COD and UDMH are 800 to 1000 mg•L-1and 300 mg•L-1, the effluent COD and UDMH are about 55 mg•L-1and 0.3 to 1.5 mg•L-1respectively, close the demand of the Discharge standard of water pollutants for space propellant．In the MBR process alone，the effluent COD and UDMH are about 90 mg•L-1and 45 mg•L-1respectively, which worse than the combined process EOW-MBR, especially the effluent UDMH far beyond the demand of the Discharge standard of water pollutants for space propellant．
Effects of Hg2+ on Microbial Community Structures of Aerobic Activated Sludge
Authors: Dai Ning , Wang Jin Sheng , Teng Yan Guo , Su Jie
Published: September 2011

The effects of Hg2+ on microbial community structures of aerobic activated sludge were investigated by nested PCR-DGGE techniques. The results showed that the microbial community of each group might have obvious change compared with the group without Hg2+ in the inflow, especially when the Hg2+ concentration was 46.87mg/L in the inflow, and the microbial community changed obviously with the extend of operation time. The variance of microbial species become obvious in each activated sludge group with the extend of operation time. Compared with the group without Hg2+ in the inflow, the dominant microbial species of each activated sludge group changed, and the dominant microbial species of the group whose concentration of Hg2+ increased gradually in the inflow had the biggest changes after 60 days. Hg2+ in the inflow may stimulate the growth of Actinomycetes after an operation period of 30 days.
Distinguishing Bacteriolytic from Bacteriostatic Activity of an Antibiotic Agent by Real-Time Quantitative PCR
Authors: Wang Zhi Ping
Published: September 2011

A simple and rapid real-time quantitative PCR assay was devised to discriminate bacteriolytic from bacteriostatic activity for a given antibacterial agent. Bacteria suspension was incubated with the compound solution, the mixture was centrifuged and supernatant was removed completely, the obtained pellet was then used as the DNA template for PCR. Then the bacteriostatic and bacteriolytic activity can be inferred by the quantity of PCR product. Moreover, the parameters that influence the assay sensitivity was discussed.
Adjust the Reaction Conditions of Enzyme Catalysis to Product Fructooligosaccharides Containing Different Components Proportions
Authors: Ding Ji Cheng , Lv Xiao Ling
Published: September 2011

Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), as a mixture of 1-kestose, nystose, and 1F-fructofuranosylnystose oligosaccharides, exhibit lots of beneficial effects on our health and have been used as food ingredients. There have been a lot of reports on how to raise FOSs yield in different ways, but almost nobody did any deeply studies on the composition of FOSs—proportion of each component. However, different components may have different functions and some even show side-effects. In this research, we employed immobilized fructosyltransferase to produce FOSs and got a maximum yield of 56.12 %. Then we successfully produced FOSs of different components proportions by adjusting the reaction parameters—pH, temperature, and fermentation time. We designed six groups to investigate the relationship between reaction parameters and components proportions, and the results showed that pH condition mainly affects the yield while reaction time mainly affects components proportions. It is the first time that the components proportions of FOSs are systemically investigated, and we finally figured out six protocols for producing different FOSs. This is a basic investigation on the relationship between FOSs components proportions and reaction conditions. We hope this research can be helpful for other researchers who are interested in this area.
Determination and Microbial Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin
Authors: Zheng Ling Ling , Mou Hai Jin , Li Jing
Published: September 2011

This work presents laboratory studies on the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. At first, a rapid quantitative determination method of lambda-cyhalothrin in food was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. Lambda-cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium F37 was isolated from the sewage of a pesticide factory outlet and was identified as Citrobacter braakii. The effects of environmental factors including carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH, medium volume, incubating temperature and substrate concentration on the degradation rate were investigated. The addition of sucrose and yeast extract at the concentrations of 4.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively, was the best for the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. F37 showed higher degradation activity at the range of moderate pH value (pH 6.5-8.0). After 72-h stirring culture, the degradation rates of lambda-cyhalothrin reached 81.1% at pH 7.0. The degradation dynamics analysis showed that the degradation half-life times of lambda-cyhalothrin in the culture liquid of F37 were only 5.7, 1.9 and 4.9 days at pH 9.0, 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. In addition, cypermethrin and triazophos could also be degraded by F37, showing that F37 was a broad-spectrum pesticide- degrading bacterium. Application of F37 on eliminating pesticide in vegetable showed that 68% of lambda-cyhalothrin was removed after treatment for 48 h. The results indicated that Citrobacter braakii F37 is effective in the elimination of pesticide and may provide a potent application in detergent industry and environmental restoration.
Enzymatic Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Ethyl 4-Cyano-3-Hydroxybutanoate
Authors: Jin Jian Zhong , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2011

(R)-Ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybutanoate is the key intermediate for the synthesis of liptor used for lowering high cholesterol and triglycerides. Firstly both enantiomers of ethyl 4-cyano-3-hydroxybu- tanoate were prepared by the enzymatic reduction of ethyl 4-cyano-3-oxobutanoate with two whole cells in high ee and high yield. The (R)-enantiomer was obtained in 89.8% yield and 98.5% ee in the catalysis of 20 mM substrate by the strain Bacillus pumilus Phe-C3; the (S)-enantiomer was achieved in 83.1% yield and 95.4% ee in the catalysis of 10 mM substrate by the strain Klebsiella pneumomiae Phe-E4. Preparative synthesis were carried out on 200-L scale.
Effects of Temperature on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser Sinensis) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Feng Guang Peng , Zhuang Ping , Zhang Long Zhen , Duan Ming , Liu Jian Yi
Published: September 2011

Temperature is known to affect both the structural and functional properties of proteins in ectothermic animals like fish. Habitat temperature can lead to oxidative stress and influence the metabolic rates of enzymes in fish. In the current study, juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), an anadromous and threatened species that lives only in the Yangtze River, were cultured under laboratory conditions for 66 days at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. We then studied the effects of temperature on the oxidative stress biomarkers in juvenile Chinese sturgeon. We found the activity of lysozyme (LSZ) reached its maximum at 25 °C (30.1 ± 1.2 μg/mL), while it reached its minimum at 15 °C (13.1 ± 3.3 μg/mL). In addition, the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) reached its maximum at 30 °C (15.20 ± 3.50), while it reached its minimum at 25 °C (12.01 ± 1.66 U/L). Furthermore, both the ability of inhibiting hydroxyl radicals (AIHR) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) were increased at first and subsequently decreased with increasing temperatures, and both reached their maximum at 20 °C (1344.9 ± 349.2 U/mL and 9.54 ± 0.36 U/mL, respectively). Both AIHR and T-AOC were significantly higher at 20 °C than their corresponding levels at 25 °C and 30 °C. These results indicate that the temperature stress was higher at 15 °C and 30 °C for juvenile Chinese sturgeon. Based on the exhibited levels of LSZ, XOD, AIHR, and T-AOC in fish, we conclude the temperature range of 20−25 °C caused the least stress on the fish, and should be considered as the appropriate growth temperature for juvenile Chinese sturgeon.
The Study of Biodegradation of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium
Authors: Yang Yu Nan , Fang Wei , Hu Xun Jie , Ren Na , Liang Da Wei
Published: September 2011

In this study, the microbial degradation characteristics of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were studied by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Results showed Phanerochaete chrysosporium can effectively degrade BBP and the degradation efficiency can reach 90% in 2 days. This strain can use BBP as sole carbon source. The biodegradation of BBP by Phanerochaete chrysosporium fits for first-order kinetics (lnc=-Kbt+a), which are lnc = -0.0445x + 4.4235、lnc = -0.0404x + 5.1221、lnc =-0.0389x + 5.6363, respectively, for the concentration of 100mg/L, 300mg/L, 500mg/L. The biodegradation rate constants are 0.0445 d-1, 0.0404 d-1, 0.0389 d-1, respectively. The biodegradation rate constant reduces with the increase of the concentration of BBP, indicating BBP has inhibitory effect on Phanerochaete chrysosporium, especially under high concentration. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of the metabolites indicated the accumulation of two major products except for phthalic acid (PA). These two products were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) as mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBuP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP).
Strain Improvement of Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus D29 for Enhanced Lipase Production by Screening Sodium Citrate Resistant Mutants
Authors: Zhong Shao Jiong , Qi Wei , Wang Hai Kuan
Published: September 2011

A strain improvement program was developed to increase lipase production by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus D29, in which mutants were generated by Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and selected by resistance to 1.5% (w/v) sodium citrate. One of the mutant strains UN9 exhibited 48.69% more lipase activity than the original strain did. Although the UV random mutagenesis alone is an effective method for general strain improvement, our results showed that UV mutagenesis combined with selection for sodium citrate resistance is a more efficient strategy for screening mutant strains with enhanced lipase production.
A Simple, Sensitive SSCP Method for Detecting HVR1 Quasi-Species of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Jia Tie Liu , Feng Yue , Gao Li , Liu Li , Wei Da Qiao , Yang Heng , Xia Xue Shan , Dai Jie Jie , Sun Xiao Mei , Lu Cai Xia
Published: September 2011

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method for detecting of HVR1 quasi-species of HCV is necessary for hepatitis C diagnosis. In this study, we described a rapid and sensitive SSCP method to analyze HCV quasi-species using common equipment. After RT-PCR reaction, denaturing was conducted with heating and Chilling. By varying the electrophoresis temperature, voltage and total acrylamide concentration，the extent of cross-linking in the gels (1-2.5%) and the concentration in glycerol ( 0-10％), SSCP method was established. With the optimized procedure, variants representing 2-3% of the whole quasi-species could be detected. By isolating visible bands from electrophoresis gel followed by sequencing, the genetic variability of HCV can be concluded. This method has high accuracy and reproducibility, simplicity and low cost, which could be a useful tool in laboratory practice.
Effects of Methamidophos on Ascidian (Styela Clava) Detoxifying Enzymes
Authors: Jiang Ai Li , Yu Zhen , Wang Chang Hai
Published: September 2011

Styela clava were exposed to sublethal concentrations of methamidophos (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 μg/L) for 96 h, its biochemical stress response was studied taking into account carboxylesterase (CbE), catalase (CAT), SOD and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues. In all exposed groups CbE was significantly inhibited. GSH level was reduced after exposure, and CAT activity decreased continuously. 24 h exposure to methamidophos did not affect GST activity. The results show that the early inhibitory effect in CAT activity and GSH content produced by methamidophos may be associated with a high degree of oxidative stress. CbE inhibition is a good biomaker for methamidophos exposure. This study revealed that S. clava developed adaptive response to neutralize the oxidative stress following pesticide exposure and that SOD and GPx can be used as biomarker in determining methamidophos toxicity due to its early response at even low concentration levels.
Morphological Observation of the Cashmere Goat Fetal Fibroblasts after mTOR Kinase Inhibition with Combination of Fluorescent Dyes and Confocal Cell Imaging
Authors: Liang Yan , Wang Xiao Jing , Li Shu Yu , Cheberi  , Wang Zhi Gang , Liu Dong Jun
Published: September 2011

The mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR）is a kind of Ser/Thr kinase in mammalian cells. It can recruit and integrate input signals from nutrients, growth factors, energy and environmental stress to regulate cell growth and proliferation via different cellular processes. This study uses the fetal fibroblasts of Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (Capra hircas) to prove that the mTOR plays a critical role in formation of the cell cytoskeleton structure. The mTOR kinase activity was inhibited in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts (GFb) after treatment with CCI-779 (temsirolimus), an mTOR specific inhibitor for 48 h. The results showed that GFb cells were sensitive to CCI-779. GFb cells morphology and its cytoskeleton structure changed under confocal laser scanning microscopy stained with the Fluorescent phalloidin (50µg/ml, Phalloidin-FITC5282) which combines with F-actin. In summary, mTOR signaling pathway was proved to be functional in GFb cells and acts as a key regulator to form cell structure. The Morphological results indicated that perhaps the synthesis of microfilament or organization of cytoskeleton was disrupted in GFb cells when mTOR was inhibited.
Study on Lipoprotein Lipase Production by Candida rugosa
Authors: Zhao Xing Xiu , He Yi Guo
Published: September 2011

Candida rugosa can produce lipoprotein lipase by fermentation in the medium on a rotary shaker, the optimal medium compositions were determined as, the optimum pH was 6.0, the contant was 25ml, the inoculum age of strain was 24h, the inoculation was 10%,the rotation speed was 200r/min and the strain was cultured 27h at 28°C.Under the optimum cultivation conditions, the maximum enzyme activity reached 121.65U/L.The result of enzyme properties showed, the optimum temperature and pH were 45°C and 7.5 separately.
Impacts of Sodium Citrate on Metabolic Flux Distributions of L-Valine Fermentation
Authors: Xu Qing Yang , Ma Lei , Xie Xi Xian , Chen Ning , Wang Jian
Published: September 2011

The effect of sodium citrate on the metabolic flux distributions in the middle and late periods of L-valine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum XV0505 was obtained. It was shown that when sodium citrate (2.0 g/L) was added into the initial fermentation culture medium, the metabolic flux of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) route decreased from 96.43 to 91.13, and the metabolic flux of Hexose Monophophate (HMP) route increased from 3.56 to 8.87, and the metabolic flux flowing to L-alanine and acetate was decreased by 21.1% and 32.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the metabolic flux of biosynthesis route of L-valine was increased by 10.74%. Therefore, sodium citrate can change the metabolic flux distribution in the key nodes of biosynthesis route of L-valine, decrease the generation of byproducts, and increase the metabolic flux in the biosynthesis route of L-valine.
Effects of Daidzein or Genistein on Proliferation and Antioxidation of Mammary Epithelial Cell of Dairy Cow In Vitro
Authors: Liu Chun Long , Li Zhong Qiu , Feng Xing Jun
Published: September 2011

Effects of Daidzein or Genistein on the proliferation and antioxidation of mammary epithelial cells of dairy cow were investigated in vitro. 10 groups were assigned including blank control, estradiol (E2) group(10 ng/mL), different concentrations of Daidzein (1, 10, 100, 1 000 ng/mL) and Genistein (1, 10, 100, 1 000 ng/mL) groups. The MMT method was used to determine the proliferation effect of Genistein or Daidzein, and the results showed that Genistein at the concentration of 10 and 100 ng/mL, and Daidzein at the concentration of 100 and 1000 ng/mL significantly improved dairy cow mammary epithelial cell proliferation (P<0.05) , while significantly weaker than E2 group(P<0.05). In the antioxidation experiment, the T-SOD and GSH-PX activity, MDA and NO content of the mammary epithelial cells at the logarithmic growth phase treated with Daidzein or Genistein for 24 h were measured and the results showed that 100, 1000 ng/mL Daidzein, and 100, 1000 ng/ mL Genistein significantly increased the T-SOD activities and decreased MDA content (P<0.05).1 000 ng/ mL Daidzein and 100, 1 000 ng/mL Genistein significantly increased the GSH-PX activites (P<0.05). The results showed that proper levels of daidzein and genistein can improv the proliferation and antioxidation function of mammary epithelial cell of dairy cows.
Visual Analysis of International Oil Flax Research
Authors: Zhao Rong Ying , Wang Min , Dang Zhan Hai , Dang Zhao , Zhang Gui
Published: September 2011

Oil flax is one of five major oil crops. Linseed and linseed oil have important uses. Linseed is rich in flax gum, and it can be used as food additives, cosmetics raw powder, pharmaceutical raw materials. Linseed oil is a kind of high quality edible oil, rich in α-linolenic acid and various unsaturated fatty acids, and it plays an important role in the promotion of human intelligence, physical brain, preventing cardiovascular disease, and the suppression of disease genes.This paper selects the SCI database as the data source, and do visual analysis on the international literature related to oil flax. With the help of information visualization software CiteSpace, we can clearly display and analyze the annual published articles within and outside the country, main nations and institutions doing oil flax research, subject distribution and highly cited works. Through these analyses, we can clearly see the overall situation of oil flax.
Cloning and Characterization of Chicken CRBP2 Gene and Comparison with other Vertebrates
Authors: Xiao Li Hua , Kong Fan Li , Yin Hua Dong , Zhao Xiao Ling , Zhu Qing
Published: September 2011

Cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2), a vitamin A binding protein expressed specifically in small intestinal villus absorptive cells, plays a pivotal role in the intestinal vitamin A absorption, transport, and metabolism pathways. In this study, we cloned the entire coding region of chicken CRBP2 gene. The amplified fragment contains entire coding region sequence with 408 nucleotides, which putatively codes 135 AA. By comparing nine vertebrates, the homology of nucleotide sequences is from 52.3% to 99.8%, while the similarity of AA sequence ranged from 72.4% to 99.3%. Results showed that the CRBP2 gene was conservative among different animal species. This work constructed the basis for further research on the molecular nature and genetic markers of CRBP2 for improving egg production traits in chicken.
Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Polymorphisms and Population Genetics in Sichuan Wild Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Li Di Yan , Yao Yong Fang , Huang Xiao Feng , Cheng An Chun , Xu Huai Liang , Ni Qing Yong , Zhu Qing , Zeng Wen , Bi Feng Jun , Yang Ze Xia , Chen Xiao Yue
Published: September 2011

Cross-species amplification of twenty-five SSR loci from the DNA of five rhesus macaques of diverse regional origins was conducted using human primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven of these primer pairs, which consistently and unambiguously amplified polymorphic fragments from these five samples, were also used to amplify SSR loci for 111 Sichuan wild rhesus macaques of five different populations. The analysed microsatellite markers produced 109 alleles, varied from 4 to 16 alleles each locus. The number of alleles per population ranged from 6.79 to 11.38. Polymorphic information content showed that all seven loci were highly informative (mean = 0.9017±0.0166, >0.5). The average observed heterozygosity was less than the expected (mean = 0.6795 and mean = 0.8559, respectively). Genetic differentiation among the populations was considerably low with the overall and pairwise FST values (mean = 0.0375), and showed fairly low level of inbreeding (indicated by a mean FIS value of 0. 0.1991). Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In comparison to other captive Macaca mulatta studies, these wild rhesus macaque populations showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity, and there was low gene flow among these populations. Careful genetic management is important for maintaining genetic variability levels. None of the seven informative loci are linked which screened in this study can be applied in future studies on population and conservation genetics of natural primate populations.
Analysis of Codon Usage in Herpesvirus Glycoprotein B (gB) Gene
Authors: Jiang Long , Cheng An Chun , Wang Ming Shu , Zhu De Kang , Jia Ren Yong
Published: September 2011

Due to the degeneracy of genetic code, most amino acids are coded by more than one codon (synonymous codons). The synonymous codons are not used at equal frequencies both within and between organisms. Of the total 33 herpesvirus gB genes, approximately 9.1% of the total gB genes had low codon bias (ENC<35), 72.7% of the gB genes had high ENC values (ENC>50), indicating that these gB genes had random codon usage in herpesviruses. There might be no direct correlation between the codon usage bias and the host, which indicates that the tRNA abundance of the host was not the main factor inﬂuencing the codon usage bias. A plot of ENC vs. GC3 indicates that mutational bias may be a more important factor than tRNA abundance in determining codon usage bias of herpesvirus gB genes. Pearson correlation coefﬁcients between the ENC value and corresponding GC%, cumulative GC% in 2nd (GC2%) and 3rd codon position (GC3%) of each herpesvirus gB gene were -0.621 (p<0.01), -0.656 (p<0.01) and -0.712 (p<0.01), respectively, which implies that significant correlations existed between them. But no significant correlations existed between ENC and cumulative GC% in 1st codon position of each herpesviral gB gene. Furthermore, significant correlations also existed between GC% and GC3% of 33 herpesvirus gB genes (r=0.856, p<0.01). So it seems that, GC content, and particularly GC content at the 3rd base position, contributing greatly to the effective number of codons, indicating that the mutational bias dominates over translational selection. Further analysis on the relationship between gene length and ENC of 33 herpesvirus gB genes demonstrated that the two factors were not correlated. Signiﬁcant correlations were found between the gene expression levels assessed by CAI value and ENC (r = -0.424, p<0.05) and GC3 values (r = 0.644, p<0.01).
Determination of Erythromycin and Haloperidol in Human Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis Online Coupled with Electrochemiluminescence Detection
Authors: Deng Bi Yang , Kang Yan Hui , Li Lin Qiu , Shi Ai Hong
Published: September 2011

This work developed a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of erythromycin (Ery) and haloperidol (Hal) in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with eletrochemiluminescence detection. Under optimized conditions, such as detection potential at 1.25 V, electrokinetic injection at 10 kV for 6 s, separation voltage at 10 kV, 15 mmol/L separation buffer with pH 6.5, 5 mmol/L Ru(bpy)32+ and 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer with pH 8.0 in the ECL cell, the linear concentration ranges for Ery and Hal were from 0.005 to 0.2 μg/mL and from 0.15 to 6.0 μg/mL, respectively. The detection limits (3σ) for Ery and Hal were 0.002 and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. When the method was applied to determine Ery and Hal in human urine, the recoveries were 96.5% and 95.1% on an average, respectively.
Induction of Metallothionein by Roxarsone in Earthworm Eisenia Andrei
Authors: Li Yin Sheng , Wang Xiu Hong , Qiu Jiang Ping , Sun Jing , Jiang Ji Bao
Published: September 2011

Metallothionein (MT) is one kind of proteins induced in organism under the stress of heavy metal. It plays a great pole in detoxification and tolerance of heavy metal. In this study, according to the rich conservative sequence in MT, we designed corresponding primer, then cloned MT mRNA gene induced by As in earthworm E. andrei and got its nucleotide sequence. The results proved the presence of MT in Eisenia andrei, and showed that roxarsone could induce the expression of arsenic MT gene.
Effect and Toxic Mechanism of Nanoparticles to Algae
Authors: Wang Li Ming , Luo Ye , Li Jing
Published: September 2011

With the rapid development and versatile applications of nanotechnology, a large quantity of nanoparticles (NPs) has been released into the environment. It has been one of the most popular studies that concerning about the toxic effect of NPs on the organism of the total environment. This paper reviews the new results that reflect the impact of NPs on the algae. It also concludes the new researches from the fate and behaviors of the NPs, the ecotoxicology to the algae and the possible mechanism. Finally, there is an expectation concerning the study of toxicity of NPs to the algae, and propose what should investigate in future.
Role of ASC-GSH Metabolism in Trifolium Repens L
Authors: Zhang Yong Bao
Published: September 2011

In order to elucidate the role of ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle to drought stress, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of molecules involved in the ASC-GSH metabolism were studied in Trifolium repens seedlings subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit. Compared to the control, the contents of ascorbate (ASC), dehydroascorbate (DHA) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased in PEG-treated seedlings, whereas the glutathione (GSH) content kept constant during the drought period. Further more, the values of ASC/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios decreased in the presence of PEG. Except for that of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were upregulated during water deficit, and the increases of APX and DHAR activities were much higher than that of GR activity. These data indicated that fluctuations of the ASC-GSH metabolism resulted from PEG may have a positive effect on drought stress mitigation in T. repens, and the antioxidant protection in ASC-GSH cycle can be attributed mainly to ASC, APX and DHAR.
The Products of Nitrite Reacted with L-Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Li Tao , Guo G.J. , Hu M. , Yao M.J.
Published: September 2011

The L-ascorbic acid can reduce the nitrite to nitric oxide, but the elevated nitrite-to-L-ascorbic acid ratio predisposes to the formation of potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compound. We study the chemicals which nitrite reacted to L-ascorbic acid with an elevated L-ascorbic acid-to- nitrite ratio in the solution. The products, when the nitrite reacted with L-ascorbic in the solution, were nitric oxide (NO), dinitrogen monoxide (N2O) and nitrogen gas (N2). We give advice that it maybe useful to understand the products which nitrite reacts with L-ascorbic acid in the human beings and other organisms.
Chemical Modification of Soy Flour Protein and its Properties
Authors: Xu Yu Zhi , Wang Chun Peng , Chu Fu Xiang , Frihart Charles R. , Lorenz Linda F. , Stark Nicole M.
Published: September 2011

This work is to examine ways to chemically modify soy proteins flours and analyze the results and determine the adhesive performance. Reaction with acetic anhydride converts amine and hydroxyl groups to amides and esters, respectively that are less polar and can make the adhesive more water resistant.The succinic anhydride reacts with these same groups but the products have terminal carboxylic acid groups that can react with the polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin that is used to cross-link the soy adhesives for improving bond strength. The attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) is used to examine changes in the soy flour in going from unmodified to acetylated and succinylated state.
Study on the P-Type Doping of AlGaN/GaN Superlattice for Blue LED
Authors: Chen Jun Feng
Published: September 2011

We studied the relationship of the superlattice structure with the doping efficiency in detail by semi-classic calculation and follow experiment. The results show that period length of about 9nm and Al content of 30% is optimal. The Hall, AFM and PL measurement show that the best annealing temperature under atmosphere is about 540°C to 580°C. Finally we obtained the sample with resistivity of 0.31Ω·cm. It can be used for fabricating p type ohmic contact and active layer for blue LED.
Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Chitosanase Gene from Bacillus Sp. S-1
Authors: Sun Yu Ying , Wang Shu Jun , Zhang Ji Quan
Published: September 2011

In this work, we report the characterization of a chitosanase-producing bacterium isolated from soil. This strain was grouped under the genus Bacillus by virtue of its morphological, physiological properties and 16S rDNA gene sequence and named it Bacillus sp. S-1. According to the information of chitosanase full-length sequences deposited in NCBI, a pair of degenerated primes was designed and a partial sequence of chitosanase gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Bacillus sp. S-1 genome DNA as the template. A genome walking library was constructed followed as the protocol provided by CLONTECH Company. The flanking sequences of the 5’ and 3’ terminal was obtained by genome walking method and two-step PCR technique. After overlapped and confirmed, the full-length sequence of chitosanase from Bacillus sp. S-1 was achieved and it contained 1362 bp coding 453 amino acids (accession number is EU924147). The predicted amino acid sequence was 96% similar to that of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (accession number is NC_004722). The fusion protein containing BSCHITO was produced in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified rBSCHITO degraded the chitosan (the degree of deacetylation of 99%) to produce mixture of chitooligosaccharides. The BSCHITO is thus an endo-chitosanase.
Toxicological Mechanisms of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Jiang Han , Wang Xue Feng , Wang Zi Hao , Ding Jing , Shi Wei Bin
Published: September 2011

Abstact:With the development of materials science and combination with medicine, more and more nano-materials are used in clinical medicine.There are much advantage in nano-material .The reason that the nano-materials are utilized widely is its quantum effect and huge superficalarea.But with further research ,more and more disadvantages are found. Many research on the environmental and human health risks of engineered nano-materials focus on their acute toxicity. However,the long-term chronic effects of nanomaterials on living systems is neglected.The potential of nanomaterials to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species is one of the primary reason in their genotoxic. DNA would be damaged by the reactive oxygen species. If the DNA cannot be renew ,it could lead to gene mutation , canceration. This review focuses on the impact of carbon-based nano-materials on DNA .
Indipendent and Tandem Expression of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Plectasin in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lv Li Hui , Luo Xue Gang , Ni Meng , Jing Xiao Lan , Wang Nan , Jiang Yong , Zhang Tong Cun
Published: September 2011

Plectasin, a novel antimicrobial peptide, is isolated from a saprophytic fungus Pseudoplectania nigrella. Plectasin showed potent antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-positive, especially the Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. In our previous study, plectasin had been expressed at a high yield as a thioredoxin (Trx) – fused protein in Escherichia coli. However, it couldn’t exhibit the antimicrobial activity unless the Trx-tag had been cleaved, which made the producing process be complicated. Concerning that plectasin has no complex post-translational modification and toxicity on E. coli, on the basis of the former works, we further establish the independent and tandem expression system of plectasin in E. coli. In the present study, the coding sequence of plectasin was obtained from pET32a-PLEC with four primers to amplify the independent and tandem plectasin fragments by overlapping PCR-based gene synthesis, and then cloned into pET22b (+) vector. The recombinant protein was expressed successfully in E. coli with IPTG induction. These works might throw light on the production or study of plectasin, and contribute to the development of novel anti-infectious drugs in the future.
Screening of Bile Salt Hydrolase-Active Lactic Acid Bacteria for Potential Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotic Use
Authors: Guo Chun Feng , Zhang Lan Wei , Li Jing Yan , Zhang Ying Chun , Xue Chao Hui , Yi Hua Xi , Du Ming , Han Xue
Published: September 2011

.Cholesterol-lowering effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with bile salt hydrolase activity is well known. In this study, 150 LAB were screened for bile salt deconjugation ability and probiotic characters. Fourteen isolates with higher bile salt deconjugation ability were initially screened out using deconjugation rate above 50% as standard. These isolates were further screened for adhesion to HT-29 cells, bile tolerance and acid resistance. Four isolates, namely Lactobacillus casei F0822, Lactobacillus casei F0422, Enterococcus faecium F0511 and Enterococcus faecium IN7.12, was finally screened out. The 4 isolates may be able to reduce serum cholesterol levels in human and thus have a potential to apply in the biomedicine field.
Nutritional Analysis of the Wild and Liquid Suspension Cultured Nostoc Flagelliforme and Antitumor Effects of the Extracellular Polysaccharides
Authors: Yue Si Jun , Jia Shi Ru , Yao Jin , Dai Yu Jie
Published: September 2011

.In this study, the nutrient components of the wild and the liquid suspension cultured Nostoc flagelliforme were determined and compared by atomic absorption method, HPLC and so on. The results indicated that the contents of crude proteins, crude fat, β-carotenes, vitamin C and mineral elements in N. flagelliforme cells from the suspension culture were higher than those in wild ones. 17 kinds of amino acids have been measured and the data showed that the contents of 13 kinds of them in cultured cells were higher than those in wild ones except aspartic acid, valine, isoleucine and arginine. Antitumor effect of the extracellular polysaccharides indicated that the extracellular polysaccharides could inhibit the growth of cervical carcinoma Hela cells. Their inhibition rates are 32.22% and 37.32%, respectively. This investigation showed that the liquid suspension cultivated N. flagellifome can be a substitute for the wild algae to be used as functional food resource.