bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD. Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Dirga Dirga , Khairunnisa Sudewi Mukaromah , Akhmad Atika Dalili , Setyawan Irfanianta Arif , Pratama Anton
Published: February 2021

The high prevalence of infectious disease in Indonesia causes increased use of antibiotics. It has serious consequences since it can cause germicidal resistance rapidly increased, significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high additional medical costs per year. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province. This research was observational (non-experimental) with a descriptive evaluative research design. The data were obtained from the retrospective tracing of medical records that collected by a purposive sampling technique on July-December 2017. A total of 163 inclusion samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis uses standard guidelines for the use of antibiotics and quantitative analysis uses the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. The results showed that out of 168 medical records, 19 types of antibiotics were used with a 118.57 DDD value of 100 patient days. The most widely prescribed was ceftriaxone (49.09%). The highest number of infections was diabetic ulcers with an incidence of 42 cases (25%). Out of 168 evaluated cases, 166 cases (98.8%) were appropriate indication, 168 cases (100%) were appropriate patients, 150 cases (89,29%) were appropriate medication, and 89 cases (52,97%) were appropriate dosage. These results indicated that the use of antibiotics inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province were rational but it was necessary to consider selectivity regarding the choice of antibiotic use for infected patients.
Friedreich ataxia in a family from Mali, West Africa
Authors: Cissé Cheick Abdel Kader , Cissé Lassana , Bah Hamidou O , Samassékou Oumar , Simaga Assiatou , Tamega Abdoulaye , Diarra Salimata , Diallo Seybou Hassane , Coulibaly Thomas , Diallo Salimata , Yalcouye Abdoulaye , Maiga Alassane Baneye , Kéita Mohamed , Fischbeck Kenneth , Traore Sekou Fantamady , Guinto Cheick , Landouré Guida
Published: February 2021

Friedreich ataxia is the most common inherited ataxia in the world, but
yet to be reported in black African. We report the first genetically
confirmed case in a West African family. Studying genetic diseases in
populations with diverse backgrounds may give new insights into their
pathophysiology for future therapeutic targets.
In vivo cleavage of solubility tags as a tool to enhance the levels of soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Silva Filipe , Santos Sara , Meyer Roberto , Silva Eduardo , Pinheiro Carina , Alcantara-Neves Neuza , Pacheco Luis
Published: February 2021

Recombinant proteins are generally fused with solubility enhancer tags
to improve target protein folding and solubility. However, the fusion
protein strategy usually requires the use of expensive proteases to
perform in vitro proteolysis and additional chromatography steps to
obtain tag-free recombinant proteins. Expression systems based on
intracellular processing of solubility tags in Escherichia coli, through
co-expression of a site-specific protease, are useful for simplifying
the recombinant protein purification process, for screening molecules
that fail to remain soluble after tag removal, and to promote higher
yields of soluble target protein. Herein, we review controlled
intracellular processing (CIP) systems, tailored to produce soluble
untagged proteins in E. coli. We discuss the different genetic systems
available for intracellular protein processing regarding system design
features, significant advantages and limitations of the various
strategies.
Does hospitalization of a patient in the intensive care unit cause anxiety and does restriction of visiting cause depression for the relatives of these patients during COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Kosovali Behiye , Mutlu Nevzat Mehmet , Gonen Canan Cam , Peker Tulay Tuncer , Yavuz Asiye , Soyal Ozlem Balkiz , Cakir Esra , Akan Belgin , Gokcinar Derya , Erdem Deniz , Turan Isil Ozkocak
Published: February 2021

Objectives: During the pandemic, anxiety, stress, and depression may
occur increasingly in the whole society. To evaluate the possible cause,
incidence and levels of anxiety and depression in the relatives of the
patients in the ICU in accordance with the patients’ SARS-CoV-2 PCR
result. Materials and Method: The study was prospectively conducted on
relatives of patients admitted to tertiary ICU during COVID-19 pandemic.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their relatives
were recorded. “The Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale” questionnaire was applied twice to the relatives of
120 patients to determine the symptoms of anxiety and depression in
accordance with the PCR results of the patients (PCR positive n=60, PCR
negative n=60). Results: The ratios above cut-off values for anxiety and
depression among relatives of the patients were 45,8% and 67,5% for
the first test and 46,7% and 62,5% for the second test respectively.
The anxiety and depression in the relatives of PCR positive patients was
more frequent than the PCR negative (p< 0,001 for HADS-A and
p=0,034 for HADS-D). The prevalence of anxiety and depression was
significantly higher in female participants (p=0,046 for HADS-A and
p=0,009 for HADS-A). There was no significant correlation between HADS
and age of the patient or education of the participants. The fact that
the patients were hospitalized in the ICU during the pandemic was an
independent risk factor for anxiety (AUC = 0.746) while restriction of
patient visiting in the ICU was found to be an independent risk factor
for depression (AUC= 0.703). Conclusion: While patient with positive PCR
and participant with female gender is responsible for both anxiety and
depression, hospitalization in the ICU due to COVID-19 is an independent
risk factor for anxiety and restriction of patient visiting in the ICU
is an independent risk factor for depression.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation via Bi-Thoracotomy Technique: A Single-Center Perspective
Authors: Stoeckl Elizabeth , Smith Jason , Dhingra Ravi , Fiedler Amy
Published: February 2021

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are standardly
implanted via full sternotomy. Non-sternotomy approaches are gaining
popularity, but potential benefits of this approach have not been
well-studied. We hypothesized that LVAD implantation by bi-thoracotomy
(BT) would demonstrate smaller and more consistent inflow cannula angles
leading to improved postoperative outcomes compared to sternotomy.
Methods: Charts of patients who underwent LVAD implantation between June
2018 and June 2020 at a single academic institution were retrospectively
reviewed. Patient demographics, surgical approach (sternotomy vs. BT),
laboratory values, and postoperative course were compared. The inflow
cannula angle was measured on the first chest radiograph available
postoperatively. Results: Of 40 patients studied, BT approach was used
in 17 (42.5%). Mean inflow cannula angles were smaller in BT patients
(23.0 vs. 37.1 degrees, p=0.018) and had a smaller standard deviation
(13.8 vs. 20.3). Excluding patients who went on to receive heart
transplant or died in the same hospitalization, there was no difference
in median length of hospital stay after surgery (16.0 vs. 17.5 days,
p=0.768). However, BT patients required fewer days of postoperative
inotrope support (4.0 vs. 7.0 days, p=0.012). Conclusions: Our data
suggest inflow cannula angles are smaller and more consistent with the
BT approach, which leads to shorter duration of postoperative inotropic
support. This finding may suggest improved right heart function
following LVAD implant via BT approach. Further study is warranted to
determine additional benefits of the BT approach.
Intelligent Messages in Bacterial DNA – a Sequel to SETI?
Authors:   Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK, Wickramasinghe N. Chandra ,   Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka,   National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka,   Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan, Tokoro Gensuke ,   Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan, Temple Robert ,   History of Chinese Science and Culture Foundation Conway Hall, London, UK
Published: February 2021

It is proposed that the future trajectory of SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and our exploration of alien planets and alien intelligence could be to consider the possibility of receiving and transmitting coded messages embedded as DNA inserts in bacteria and/or viruses. Physical space-travel and ambitions of space colonisation may well give way to a new era of “cultural” microbial colonisation of our galaxy.
Harakteristika BRCA-associirovannogo raka molochnoj zhelezy v rossijskoj populyacii
Authors: Новикова Е. И. , Кудинова Е. А. , Боженко В. К. , Солодкий В. А.
Published: February 2021

Ispol'zovanie «standartnyh» diagnosticheskih panelej, dayushchih vozmozhnost' opredelyat' lish' neskol'ko naibolee rasprostranennyh v populyacii mutacij v genah BRCA1 i BRCA2, mozhet privodit' k poyavleniyu lozhnootricatel'nyh rezul'tatov iz-za nalichiya drugih povrezhdenij v kodiruyushchih oblastyah dannyh genov, chto, v svoyu ochered', mozhet privesti k neadekvatnomu vyboru taktiki lecheniya u bol'nyh rakom molochnoj zhelezy (RMZH). Cel'yu raboty bylo vyyavit' osobennosti BRCA-associirovannogo raka molochnoj zhelezy v rossijskoj populyacii. V issledovanie voshli pacienty s diagnozom RMZH (n = 4440). Na pervom etape metodom PCR v real'nom vremeni provedeno skriningovoe issledovanie vsekh pacientov na nalichie vos'mi naibolee rasprostranennyh mutacij v genah BRCA1 i BRCA2. Dalee pri nalichii u pacientov klinicheskih priznakov nasledstvennogo zabolevaniya (KPNZ) i otsutstvii rasprostranennyh mutacij (n = 290) provodili issledovanie vsej kodiruyushchej chasti genov BRCA1 i BRCA2 metodom sekvenirovaniya novogo pokoleniya (NGS). V 169 sluchayah (3,8%) byli vyyavleny «standartnye» mutacii v genah BRCA1 i BRCA2. V gruppe pacientov s KPNZ chastota vyyavlennyh «standartnyh» mutacij sostavila 15,4%. Metodom NGS u 40 iz 290 bol'nyh RMZH (13,8%) byli obnaruzheny 33 redkie patogennye mutacii v genah BRCA1 i BRCA2. Sdelan vyvod, chto BRCA-associirovannyj RMZH v rossijskoj populyacii harakterizuetsya shirokim spektrom patogennyh variantov, kotoryj ne ogranichen mutaciyami, vklyuchennymi v standartnye kliniko-diagnosticheskie paneli. Analiz vsej kodiruyushchej chasti genov BRCA1 i BRCA2 pozvolyaet povysit' effektivnost' vyyavleniya germinal'nyh mutacij u bol'nyh RMZH po krajnej mere v 2 raza.
The Evolution of Post-Postmodernism: Aesthetics of Reality and Trust in Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections and Freedom
Authors: H. Aljadaani Mashael , M. Al-Sharqi Laila
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out how literature moves from the postmodern thought, flourished until the 1990s, to the post-postmodern phenomenon. The study traces the evolution of this new phase as depicted in Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections (2001) and Freedom (2010). It proposes these two works as examples of how over the past two decades, literature shifted from postmodernist fiction’s irony and skepticism that presents novels as “literature of emergency” to ethical objectivism and neo-realism (Franzen, 2002, p. 258). The purpose of the study is twofold. Firstly, it examines Franzen’s deployment of elements such as the subjective perception of truth, self-restraint, control, and knowledge, which he utilizes to understand reality. Secondly, it explores his employment of narrative tools (e.g., omniscient narrator, metafiction, intertextual dialogue) against postmodern fragmentation and deconstruction. By doing so, Franzen, this study demonstrates, reflects post-postmodernism’s core realist ideas that stress pragmatic interactions with the characters and readers’ cognizance of reality and encourage engagement with the narrative’s language to rework the novel’s social and cultural authority. These post-postmodern narratives reference fictional texts, real-life people, and authentic historical events that exemplify various models, simulations, and patterns of reality within and beyond the text, creating a mediated experience that enables communication with and understanding reality.
Reconstructing the Mother-Daughter Relationship: Lydia Davis and Amy Tan
Authors: Ewaidat Hala
Published: February 2021

With four waves of women’s liberation movements in the twentieth century, the relationship between mothers and daughters has come under increasing, frequent, intense, and passionate examination. Scholars East and West have examined this bond, giving it a universal appeal. Among the voices that have come to create speech and meaning to this relationship are. Fouad (1964), the Egyptian writer, in her book Ila Ibnaty (To My Daughter) and Rich’s 1976 classic feminist work, Of Women Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution. Concerning their definitions, this paper discusses the oppositional forms of the mother-daughter relationship in Amy Tan’s Two Kinds and Lydia Davis’ The Mother. In both short stories, Tan, with her Chinese traditions and American education, and Davis, whose background includes no ethnic derivations, explore the breakdown in communication in this problematic bond, aiming at reconstructing this richly influential relationship.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПРОБОЯ ГАЗОВОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКОГО УСКОРИТЕЛЯ
Authors: Игнатьев Игорь
Published: February 2021

Для расчета пробивного напряжения высоковольтных структур наиболее универсальным является статистический метод, основанный на численном моделировании вероятности пробоя системы газоизолированных электродов (законе роста). Метод был адаптирован автором для высоковольтных ускорителей прямого действия и совершенствовался на протяжении более чем двадцати лет.

В статье рассмотрено применение метода расчёта рабочего напряжения высоковольтной газоизолированной структуры на основе закона роста (преобразования масштаба).

Путем анализа расчетных и экспериментальных данных для электростатического ускорителя на напряжение 2 мегавольта проведена верификация метода для случая газовой изоляции на основе бинарной смеси азота N2 и гексафторида серы (элегаза) SF6 .

Для ускорителя «СОКОЛ» Института прикладной физики Национальной Академии наук Украины рассчитан оптимальный состав смеси.

Погрешность расчёта составляет величину порядка точности измерения напряжения на высоковольтном электроде ускорителя.

Предлагаемый метод расчёта электрической прочности в дальнейшем предполагается использовать для оптимизации высоковольтной структуры электростатических ускорителей с целью повышения надёжности работы установки.

Ключевые слова: электрический пробой, высоковольтная структура, электростатический ускоритель, азот, гексафторид серы.

Breakdown voltage of high-voltage structures is generally calculated with a statistic method based on numerical modeling of a breakdown probability in a gas-insulated electrode system. The method was adjusted by the author to the direct voltage accelerators and has been improved for more than twenty years.

The article considers a method for calculating the operating voltage of high-voltage gas isolation for a 2 MeV proton accelerator. The method was verified for gas isolation with a binary nitrogen (N2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) mixture, through analysis of calculated and experimental data for the 2 MeV electrostatic accelerator.

The best composition of the mixture for the "SOKOL" accelerator at Institute of Applied Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been calculated.

Calculation accuracy is the order of accuracy of voltage measurement at the high-voltage electrode of the accelerator.

The suggested method for calculating the insulation strength is expected to be further used in enhancing high-voltage structure of electrostatic accelerators in an effort to improve their operational reliability.

Keywords: breakdown voltage, electrostatic generator, accelerator, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride.
ANALISIS DINAMIS KETERKAITAN VARIABEL YANG MEMPENGARUHI NERACA TRANSAKSI BERJALAN INDONESIA TAHUN 2012
Authors: Sari Winta Ratna
Published: February 2021

This study was to analyze the contribution rate (the rupiah against the U.S. dollar), Libor Interest Rate, Inflation and Output Growth (GDP) of the current account balance in Indonesia. The data used in this study secondary data is sourced from Indonesia Financial Statistics. The data used is the data quarterly from the first quarter of 2000 up to 2010 fourth quarter. The results of the estimated Vector Autoregression (VAR) indicates that there is a relationship between the Current Account, Exchange Rate, Libor Interest Rate, Inflation and GDP at lag t-1. Impulse response function of the stability of the first note that all variables are in the long run that is over 5 years and tend to be stable. This means that in the short term variables that are used do not provide a meaningful contribution in the long term but will mutually contribute to each other. Variance Decomposition Based on these results, it is known that all variables contributed to the Current Account, but his greatest contribution is of the variable itself, this means that the current account tends to a variable receiving contributions rather than giving contributions
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI KELAPA DI KECAMATAN PADANGSIDIMPUAN BATUNADUA
Authors: Dongoran Faisal Rahman
Published: February 2021

As a traditional crop, coconut is a versatile plant (tree of life) and has an economic value that is good enough to be developed particularly in the context of community economic development. This study aims to determine the effect of input variables X1 (Wide Land), X2 (Labor Costs), and X3 (Cost Fertilizer) against the benefits of coconut farm in the district Padangsidimpuan Batunadua. Analytical model used is the Cobb-Douglas profit function with the help of Eviews v5.1 application.The results showed that simultaneous variables X1, X2, and X3 affect the benefits of coconut farm with F-stat is 1728,765. partially each variable as: X1 shows a positive and significant impact on profits by ilai tcount 53.811 and Prob. Of 0.000., X2 showed positive and significant influence on profits by the value of 21.503 tcount and Prob. Of 0.000., and X3 shows a negative influence to the value of -2.511 tcount and Prob. Of 0.0138. Furthermore, from the obtained values for the regression coefficient of 0.9834 X1 means any addition of land area per ha will increase the gain of 0.9864 rupiah per Ha, X2 of 0.9757 means that any additional labor costs / yields would increase the profit of  0.9575 rupiah and -0.0651 for X3 which means every addition 1 rupiah of fertilizer costs will reduce profits 0,0651 rupiah. From the analysis it can be concluded, that the coconut farm production and profits in Kecataman Padangsidimpuan Batunadua still can be improved by optimizing the use of variable inputs of fertilizer and land.
ANALISIS KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM PERTUMBUHAN PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Harahap Elvina
Published: February 2021

One of the indicators are taken into account in measuring the success of development is the construction of a gender perspective. Development efforts that have been aimed at improving the welfare of the community, women and men, was not able to provide equal benefits between women and men. This study aims to determine the effect of gender equality in education, health and employment to the growth of income per capita in the province of North Sumatra in the period 2004-2009 (Pool Data) Fixed Effect estimation method. The results suggest that promoting gender equality in education, health and employment have a positive influence on per capita income. Restrict women's access to educational resources, health and employment, it can hamper local economic development. Therefore, fikir patterns, behavior, culture, and policies that lead to discrimination between women and men need to be changed and removed. More than just economic, gender equality is a form of respect for human rights as well as empower people, men and women, to gain access, participation, control and benefit equally in development..
ANALISIS DETERMINAN EKSPOR PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA: PENDEKATAN GRAVITY MODEL
Authors: Telaumbanua Efori
Published: February 2021

Export Growth has been being one of important component in enhancing of economic growth of North Sumatera Province. During 2005-2010, the average growth of export rate of North Sumatera Province is 16,5 percent per year with 5,23 percent per year the average of it’s contribution to growth. The aim of this research is to detect the factors which affect the enhancement of export rate of North Sumatera Province during 2005-2010. With augmented gravity model approach, this research analyzes the effect of gross domestic product percapita rate and the population of each trading partner countries, geographical distance between North Sumatera Province and every trading partner countries, foreign direct investment and real effective exchange rate of North Sumatera Province, to the export rate of North Sumatera Province to every trading countries, such as United States of America, Netherland, China, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Egypt, Singapore, and Ukraine. By using random effect model in pooled data processing, the result of this research describes that the gross domestic product percapita and the population of each trading partner countries affect positively and significantly to the export rate of North Sumatera Province. As well as foreign direct investment rate and real effective exchange rate of North Sumatera Province show the positive and significant effect. Whereas, geographical distance as the trade barrier, correlate negatively and significantly to the export rate of North Sumatera Province.
ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Rif'an
Published: February 2021

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. In order to achieve a prosperous economy, there needs to be planning that begins with recognizing the potential possessed by Langkat Regency so that planning can be prepared well so the regional economic development goals can be achieved. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector.
INFLATION PERSISTENCE IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Julitawaty Wily
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the persistence of inflation in major North Sumatera Province in 2007 until 2012 and value contributed Output Growth  (GDP) of North Sumatera, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate and Error Correction Term about Inflation in North Sumatera. Data is used secondary data from general Consumer Price Index  (CPI) from North Sumatera Province include Medan, Pematangsiantar, Sibolga and Padangsidempuan monthly of January 2007 until December 2012. And secondary data Consumer Price Index  (CPI) of North Sumatera Province, Gross Domestic Product of  Province Sumatera Utara, Exchange Rate and Interest Rate of BI Rate yearly of 1999 until 2012. Model is used model econometric with Autoregressive method and Error Correction Model. Result of this research with estimation of  VAR model concludes that degree of persistence of 4 town from North Sumatera Province is low. Result of estimation of model ECM concludes that Interest Rate significantly affect to inflation rate, while Gross Domestic Product of  North Sumatera Province and Exchange Rate not significantly affect to inflation rate. While ECT becomes significant correction to variable inflation rate. Where the form of error correction in the ECM suggests a long-term relationship between the variables inflation, GDP variable, the variable exchange rate and variable interest rate is comparable.
KETERKAITAN INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN MONETER DENGAN NERACA PEMBAYARAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Maipita Indra
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the monetary policy variable linkages with Indonesia's balance of payments. Using svar and IRF analysis found that the level of α = 0.05, variable monetary policy instruments such as open market operation (OPT), the minimum reserve requirement (GWM), and the discount rate (rDisk) has a significant relationship with the variable balance of payments (BOP) . In fact, all the macroeconomic variables also significantly affect the balance of payments variables, except the variable domestic interest rates. This means that there is a close link between monetary policy instruments with the balance of payments in Indonesia in the period of the study.
PENGARUH KINERJA EKONOMI MAKRO TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR PETANI
Authors: Bafada Azhar
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic performance, i.e., the inflation and gross regional domesticproduct of agriculture sector (PDRB), on thefarmer’s term of trade (NTP) in Southeast Sulawesi. Data used are of quarterly, covering 2006-2012. The analysis is undertaken by using a multiple linear regression withordinary least squaresestimation method(OLS). The results showed that the inflation has a significant effecton the farmer’s term oftrade. Theeffect of the inflation on the farmer’s term of trade is responsive, the inflation of 1% will be able to decrease thefarmer’s term of trade at 1.61 %. Agricultural SectorPDRB does not significant affecton thefarmer’s term of trade. This study implies that the inflation control is an important task for the government so that the effect of inflation does not result in a sharp decrease in NTP.
PERAN SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Putri Ina Namora
Published: February 2021

The plantation are one of the sectors that are considered able to survive and make asignificant contribution in the post-crisis economic recovery. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship plantation sector and the impact of theplantation sector gross output, labor and households in the economy in NorthSumatra. In measuring and analyzing the tables used are Social AccountingMatrix (SAM) or a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of North Sumatra. Inconnection table SAM North Sumatra province is not yet available, therefore inthis study was built tables SAM 1995 and 2009, the structure refers to theprocessed products which have been built by Ginting (2006). Based on the analysis it appears that the role of plantations in North Sumatra as indicated by the results obtained have power spread index greater (>1) means the plantation sector has the ability to attract growth in upstream sectors (backward linkages). In addition, this sector has a multiplier of gross output of more than three, which means when in the injection of one unit in this sector, then the resulting output has tripled over the breadth of the effect of forward and backward. And based on the order of rank, occupies five large estates.
KERAGAAN MODEL KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI SEKTOR IMMT DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nugrahadi Eko Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Economic growth in North Sumatera (Sumut) in the last five years has increasedsignificantly. However, income inequality be widened. From the results of previous research has identified that one of the six sectors that have the most optimal possibilities for development as the development model of economic development of sectoral policies that can solve that problem in Sumut is the industry of food, beverages and tobacco (IMMT). The question needs further analysis to obtain a more in‐depth information in the development of that sector. Specifically, this study aims to identify the body of model of economic development policy in IMMT sector in addressing income inequality in the province of Sumut. The analysis is based on a model approach Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). For the purposes of analysis: (1) linkage, and (2) multiplier. Results of the analysis showed that IMMT have: (1) the index of sensitivityand power of dispersionis greater than one at a time, (2) forward and backward spread effect index larger than other sectors, (3) the second largest output multipliers, and (4) ranked sixth refers to the total sector.
PENGARUH ROA, ROE, TOTAL REVENUE, DAN BI RATE TERHADAP SAHAM PADA SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI TAHUN 2009-2014
Authors: Arumsari Devinta Nur
Published: February 2021

This research aims to test the influence of ROA, ROE, The Total Revenue and the BI rate towards the transport sector stocks. The sample of this research is the transportation company registered in BEI in 2009-2014 and is chosen by the method of random sampling. The data used are the panel data with secondary data typescollected by the method documentation. Hypothesis testing is done by the method of multiple regression analysis that views of R-Squared with e-views program results showed that ROA, ROE, Total Revenue doesn’t have a significant influence on the price of the shares, while BI Rate has a significant influence on the price of the stock. This research contributes to the development of the capital market in particularscience-related stock price.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDAPATAN, DAYA SAING DAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Zuhdiyaty Noor
Published: February 2021

Revenue, competitiveness and human development are important in supporting a country's economic development. This study aims to examine the relationship between income, competitiveness and human development in Southeast Asia during the period of five years from 2010-2014. This research uses quantitative approach with correlation test. This study was conducted on 8 (eight) countries in Southeast Asia. The results show that there is am relationship between income, competitiveness and human development, where competitiveness and human development have a strong relationship that is very strong compared to others.
Analisis Determinan Persaingan Industri Telekomunikasi (PT. Indosat Ooredoo, PT. Telkomsel, PT. XL Axiata) di Indonesia Dalam Pasar Oligopoli
Authors: Naeruz Milla
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, cellular phones are highly needed and become the necessities of life. The formulation of the problem was whether the factors of price/tariff, promotion, the number of customers, the number of employees, and tower networks influenced the competition (income) in telecommunication in Indonesia. The theory used in the research was the theory of micro economy and management which were related to income, competition, employees, price, and customers. Secondary data were analyzed quantitatively in the numerical form and time series by using multiple regression models. They were gathered from books, journals, research results, and other sources which were relevant to this research. Dependent variable was competition (income of telecommunication industry), while mindependent variables were tariff/price, the number of customers, the number of employees, promotion, and network. The result and the conclusion of the research showed that the number of customers and tariff had the most dominant influence on competition, while employees, promotion, and network/bts had insignificant influence on competition even though these three variables were the facility to increase company’s income. Therefore, the management of the company should be careful in identifying competitors and in making policies.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Amelia Dian Citra
Published: February 2021

This research is based on the fact that the state of economic growth in Indonesia tends to fluctuate, even more often decrease. This is because the government policy is not appropriate to improve the economic growth of Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the factors of foreign direct investment, inflation, international trade, and government expenditure that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The problem in this research is due to the limited fund in economic development both structure and infrastructure so that economic growth tends to decrease. Therefore, appropriate strategies must be taken to overcome the limitations in promoting economic growth. From this problem, this research aims to see how big influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation (INF), international trade (NX) and government expenditure (GE) variable to economic growth. The data used in this study is secondary data (periodical data) in the period of observation 1996-2014 obtained from the World Bank and Statistics of Indonesia. To identify the influence of the variables used in this study used the VAR (Vector Autoregression) method. The results of this study show that equation regression shows that FDI (-1) has a negative influence on economic growth and FDI (-2) has a positive effect on economic growth, INF (-1) and INF (-2) have positive effects on economic growth , Variable NX (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth but NX (-2) has a negative effect on economic growth, and GE variable (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth while GE (-2) has a negative effect on growth Economy.
STVALL: Hybrid TV for Interactive Language and Content Learning
Authors: Curado Fuentes Alejandro
Published: February 2021

Hybrid television refers to the merging of the Internet and traditional television via a multi-user platform. In this scope, we have developed the STVALL project for the past two-three years on a regional scale (Extremadura TV in Spain). This technology aims to provide an educational platform for interactive and adaptive (individual or group) learning of content and language via the smart television. Our research group has focused on the development of specific activities and challenges (so-called customized training pills) to feed content and information into the authoring tool, which stores and distributes it from its knowledge base. As education experts (language and content teachers / educators), we have labelled this content according to five subject areas (Science and Nature, Literature and Art, Geography and History, Entertainment and Sports, and Language) and four language user levels: Adult (over 12 years of age) / Children (0-12): A1/A2/B1/B2. In addition, the content has been assigned other types of tags for user-related feedback in the authoring tool (e.g., monologic vs. dialogic, narrative vs. instructions, etc). Thus, upon interaction with the program, users build a content and language level profile that the system will store and remember for the next interaction (single- or group-based). Because the users’ profiles may differ significantly, this system has been tested with groups of adults and children so that their specific aims and inclinations as regards content and language learning can be registered and compared. By relying on users’ performance and personal surveys, our team will be able to specify more customized types of activities, some of which require experts’ responses and mediation.
Study on the Intentions of Strategic Alliances in Enterprises
Authors: Jia-qiang Liang
Published: February 2021

Since the 1980s, the strategic alliance, a new form of enterprise organization, has made great progress, and its breadth and depth have been greatly improved, which has led to the development of strategic alliances in all walks of life. In this paper, from the system, technology, organization and concept of strategic alliance, the dynamics of strategic alliance are systematically explained, with a view to promoting a more in-depth study of this problem.
Introducción. Inmigración y movilidad humana en tiempos del coronavirus
Authors:   Catedrático emérito de sociología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Arango Joaquín , Garcés Mascareñas Blanca ,   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB, Mahía Ramón ,   Profesor de Economía Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Moya David ,   Profesor de derecho constitucional, Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
Published: February 2021

A lo largo del año 2020, la pandemia causada por el coronavirus ha tenido impactos devastadores. Habría que remontarse a las dos guerras mundiales o a la gripe de 1918-1920 para encontrar una convulsión comparable. Para combatirla, dada la naturaleza altamente contagiosa del virus, ha sido imprescindible restringir severamente la movilidad humana, tanto en el plano doméstico como en el internacional. El grado de inmovilidad así generado ha afectado a todos los tipos de migración, incluyendo particularmente a la de carácter humanitario.
Migraciones en la Unión Europea en tiempos de sindemia
Authors:   Directora de políticas migratorias y diversidad, Instrategies. Investigadora asociada, GRITIM-UPF, Pinyol Jiménez Gemma
Published: February 2021

En las últimas décadas, el debate sobre las migraciones y, muy en menor medida, sobre las políticas migratorias se ha intensificado en la agenda política europea. Tanto en el terreno nacional como en el de la Unión Europea, muchas voces se han sumado a determinar cuáles son los retos que afectan hoy en día a este fenómeno. Hoy, el debate se construye desde los extremos: mientras unos, con mensajes cada vez más beligerantes, buscan eliminar la movilidad hacia la UE, otros reclaman una liberalización sin límites de esta. En este contexto, la pandemia del COVID-19 ha venido a sumarse al debate. Este artículo pretende contextualizar este nuevo panorama, que parece construir, al hablar de movilidad humana y migraciones, un escenario sindémico de control y restricciones al que se le añade la pandemia del COVID-19.
Movilidad y políticas migratorias en América Latina en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors:   Profesora de Ciencias Sociales y Políticas, Universidad del Pacífico (Lima, Perú), Feline Freier Luisa , Castillo Jara Soledad ,   Asistente de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico (Lima, Perú)
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta una visión panorámica de la movilidad humana y las políticas migratorias en América Latina en 2020, durante la pandemia del COVID-19. En primer lugar, revisa algunas situaciones específicas que amenazan a la población en movilidad humana en este contexto, como la inmovilidad forzada, las deportaciones en condiciones de riesgo y los peligros asociados a la movilidad irregular. En segundo lugar, observa cómo la emergencia sanitaria surgió en la región latinoamericana en un momento de politización de la inmigración, con una débil coordinación regional y dificultades para garantizar los derechos sociales de la población extranjera. En tercer lugar, examina la persistente vulnerabilidad de la población migrante en América Latina ante estas circunstancias y, por último, concluye enfatizando la urgente necesidad de llevar a la práctica políticas de regularización migratoria.
Axiological dilemmas in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Szeluga Janusz , Pankiewicz Piotr , Miętkiewicz Rafał
Published: February 2021

The position of court psychiatry, or that of a psychiatrist in the society, is linked to the social attitude to persons who are mentally ill. Currently, we see a change in the traditional perception of the role of psychiatry and the image of a psychiatrist in the society. It must be highlighted that the process involves the whole medical profession; however, psychiatrists are at the forefront. It is difficult to understand the causes of opinions without looking at the history.
TIPOLOGI GAMBAR CADAS di KAWASAN DANAU KAMAKA dan ESROTNAMBA, KAIMANA
Authors: Mas'ud Zubair
Published: February 2021

Gambar cadas di kawasan Danau Kamaka dan Esrotnamba berada di dinding tebing kars. Penggambarannya dengan teknik gores dan penggunaan warna merah dan kuning. Tipologi gambar cadas berkaitan dengan manusia dan binatang serta nenek moyang. Metode yang digunakan dengan mengumpulkan hasil penelitian gambar cadas di kawasan Danau Kamaka dan Esrotnamba termasuk lingkungannya. Melakukan klasifikasi dan identifikasi gambar cadas melalui foto dokumentasi dengan aplikasi DStretch. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi tentang tipologi gambar cadas yang erat kaitannya dengan lingkungan. Penggambarannya mencerminkan tanda sebagai jejak sumberdaya dan pengetahuan. Di Kawasan Danau Kamaka dan Esrotnamba masyarakat sangat menjaga dan menghormati lingkungan melalui aturan yang tidak tertulis dan menjadi kesepahaman bersama.
Efektywność firm korporacyjnych o dobrym standingu w województwie dolnośląskim w ujęciu przestrzennym
Authors: Brezdeń Paweł , Spallek Waldemar
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the spatial diversity of economic effectiveness of corporate firms in the Dolnośląskie Voivodship (region). Research was conducted for local units of the region; it was based on Coface Intercredit data. The volume of total turnover, the profit, employment, and trade relations were analysed.Authors try to indicate conditioning of activity of the corporate firms in the region in the spatial perspective. They present the position of the Voivodship in Poland in terms of the studied parameters.Research of economic effectiveness of the specific kind of enterprises is now carried out with difficulty. It is because of the lack of available and reliable data. Ambiguity of accepted criteria of identification is the next problem of indicating the corporate firms. In the paper the criterion of client segmentation by financial institutions is used. And that is why in the paper economic effectiveness is presented only for units, whose total profits are more than 5 million zlotys.The corporate firms are of great importance in the local as well as state economy. They contribute to the economic increase of areas of their activity. They might contribute to the investment attractiveness of these areas too.
Zmiany sieci hotelowej w aglomeracji krakowskiej po II wojnie światowej
Authors: Malarz Michał
Published: February 2021

Hotel infrastructure belongs to the most important components of leading agglomerations economic base. It enables evolution of different types of tourist features, including business tourism. Cracow belongs to leading national centres and is treated as the cultural capital of the country. As seen this way, all its functions should be continuously developed for strengthening its position in European and world scale. An important premise in the realization of the above objectives is hotel base quality, its organization, management and price competitiveness.Changes of the economic system in Poland have created conditions for development of individual business, including tourism business. Progress of demonopolization and ownership transformations conditioned creation of private enterprises sector and privatization of state enterprises. Access to capital for private investors and its optimal utilization brought about emergence of independently operated hotel enterprises. Poland’s openness and integration with the EU structures evoked foreign investor interest. International brands appeared on the market, hotels in their structures used capital, know-how and modern tools brought by hotel business leaders.The present shape of Cracow agglomeration hotel network is the effect of many changes, equally of political, social, cultural and economic nature. The process, which has lasted for over 60 years, consisted of the post-war stagnation period, revival in the period of centrally planned economy (1970s and 80s), and dynamic development over the last two decades. The presented analysis shows that the most attractive location for hotel infrastructure is the old city centre, with concentration of 58 objects, representing nearly 50% of agglomeration and suburban area hotels. It shows the importance of development strategy for this type of infrastructure, which may influence the economic base of the city, individual districts, areas and households.
Charakterystyka kandydatów na studia z turystyki i rekreacji na Uniwersytecie Pedagogicznym w Krakowie
Authors: Malarz Roman
Published: February 2021

In year 2009, Institute of Geography of the Pedagogical University of Cracow created a new course of study, i.e. Tourism and Recreation. A record breaking number of 1022 prospective students applied for enrolment for the first year of study. A great majority of candidates came from the Małopolskie voivodship and the city of Cracow (the total of 65.1%). A significant number of applicants came also from the neighbouring provinces, i.e. Podkarpackie (11.4%), Śląskie (10.1%) and Świętokrzyskie (5.0%). Over 35% of candidates came from rural areas, which constitutes a fairly high percentage value on the national scale, due to the fact that the Małopolskie, Podkarpackie, and Świętokrzyskie voivodships constitute territorial units where rural residents are outnumbered by rural population. Admission was based on applicants’ results obtained in the secondary-school-leaving exam. The recruitment committee calculated the average of grades obtained from all exams, applying 1.5 conversion factor to advance level exams, and 1.5 and 2 conversion factor to the basic and advanced level exam in geography, respectively. Consequently, the highest-scoring applicants exceeded the value of 100%. The highest score was achieved by a candidate from Węgierska Górka (143.83%). The applicant with the lowest score came from Cracow (41.33%). The average grade obtained from the secondary-school leaving exam for all applicants equalled 76%. The majority of candidates were women (72.7%), who also “improved” their results and constituted 80% of students admitted to the first year of study.
Problematyka finansów przedsiębiorstw w wyniku zmian systemu gospodarczego
Authors: Śpiewak Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Zarządzanie finansami było zawsze istotną częścią zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem, ale jako dyscyplina naukowa pojawiło się dopiero na początku XX wieku. Od tego momentu zarówno praktyczna jak i naukowa odmiana finansów w przedsiębiorstwie uległy znacznej przemianie. Na początku ubiegłego stulecia w zarządzaniu finansami kładziono nacisk na prawne aspekty związane z funkcjonowaniem przedsiębiorstw, dotyczące głównie ich powstawania, łączenia oraz pozyskiwania kapitału. W latach trzydziestych, a więc w latach kryzysu gospodarczego, w zarządzaniu finansami koncentrowano się na badaniu płynności, zyskowności przedsiębiorstw, a także na prawnych aspektach dotyczących regulacji rynków kapitałowych . Znaczący wpływ na rozwój zarządzania finansami w przedsiębiorstwie miały przemiany w podejściu do jego naukowego odpowiednika oraz wzrastające wykorzystanie komputerów, rozwój matematycznych i statystycznych modeli.