bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION OF CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF APO-STATE OF THE PROTEIN CALBINDIN D9K
Authors: Thapa Mahendra , Rance Mark
Published: October 2015

Calbindin D9k is a small protein. It is found predominantly in tissues involved in the uptake and transport of calcium such as cells of the intestinal brush border membrane. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of the protein also helps to study motion and its development with time which may not be studied experimentally. Chemical shifts are also calculated from the data generated by MD using various chemical shift prediction tools such as Sparta+. Chemical shifts are most often used to predict regions of secondary structure of proteins, to aid in the refinement of complex structures, and for the characterization of conformational changes associated with partial unfolding or binding. We used AMBER 12.0 software on GPU to simulate the apo-state of the protein using water model TIP3P and the force field ff12SB and then Sparta+ was used to predict chemical shifts values for backbone atoms. These values are then studied with the values obtained from its initial structure.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 5-8
STUDY OF THE CRATERS OF THE MOON OBSERVED FROM NATIONAL OBSERVATORY NAGARKOT, NEPAL
Authors: Parajuli P , Dhungel P R , Khanal U , Shahi S R
Published: October 2015

We studied the craters of the satellite Moon using images taken from National Observatory located at Nagarkot, Bhaktapur, Nepal during the period from November 8, 2012 to January 14, 2014. We captured the images of the crater of the Moon using Meade 16-inch LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope. The images were processed in the software ALADIN 2.5. To measure the distance, we drew lines across the craters, and took the lengths of those lines using ALADIN 2.5 software in terms of pixel size. Using the pixel size of the image from the software, we obtained the diameter of the craters under study. This work includes the measured diameters of eight different craters of Moon, and their comparison with the published results. Our findings on the diameter of the craters of moon is in close agreement with the published values.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 9-13
STUDY OF SEGREGATING NATURE IN LIQUID Al-Ga ALLOYS
Authors: Koirala I , Singh B P , Jha I S
Published: October 2015

We report energetic of mixing behavior of liquid Al-Ga alloys, using simple statistical theory through concentration dependence thermodynamic, structural, transport and surface properties at 1023K. The concentration dependent thermodynamic functions (free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, entropy of mixing and activity coefficient of the component), structural functions (concentration fluctuation in the long wavelength limit and chemical short range order parameter), transport properties (diffusivity and viscosity) and surface properties (surface segregation and surface tension) have got special attention to show a tendency of homo-coordination of atom in the mixture. The theoretical analysis reveals that input parameter, order energy is temperature dependent and Al-Ga alloys is of weakly interacting system.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 14-20
SYNTHESIS OF NANO MATERIALS BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED HYDROTHERMAL METHOD
Authors: Trital Hiramani , Rajbhandari Armila , Adhikari Rajesh , Lee Soo Wohn
Published: October 2015

Bismuth tungstate nano materials have been successfully synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal method. Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2O) and sodium tungstate (Na2WO4.2H2O) are used as a starting material for the preparation of nano materials and solution pH was maintained to 3. The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the phase state, whereas surface morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface area was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The results revealed that materials are crystalline in nature having crystallite size of ~ 24 nm with surface area of 6.5 m2/g. SEM image of prepared materials showed a unique discrete hierarchical morphology. The prepared material showed visible light active photocatalytic nature for the decomposition of Rhodamine B.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 21-23
EFFECT OF STIRRING RATE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CODEPOSITION OF Ni-SiC COMPOSITE
Authors: Hamal Kailash , Rajbhandari Armila , Gyawali Gobinda , Lee Soo Wohn
Published: October 2015

Nickel-Silicon Carbide (Ni-SiC) composite has been prepared by electrochemical codeposition technique. Nickel sulfamate bath was used along with grain modifier saccharine and cationic surfactant cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effect of stirring rate was systematically studied and optimized to get well dispersed SiC particles in appropriate amount. Mixed crystalline phase with reinforced [2 1 1] crystal orientation was obtained by XRD analysis. The result revealed that, 250 revolutions per minute (rpm) is optimum stirring rate for the electrochemical codeposition of Ni–SiC. Coating prepared at 250 rpm showed highest microhardness and lowest coefficient of friction with better surface morphology and well distributed nano SiC particles.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 30-33
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND VEGETABLES OF BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Kayastha Sadhana Pradhanang
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was carried out to assess heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd,) in soils as well as vegetables of respective place of the Bhakatpur District (Manohara, Nagadesh, Bode, Hanumanghat, Sipadol, Tathali and Gundu). The leafy vegetables under this study were Spinach, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cabbage and Broad leaf mustard. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the plants and soils from the Bhakatpur was proportional in the order Zn> Cu>Pb> Cd. Spinach showed the extremely high accumulation tendency towards the heavy metals compare to other vegetables. The geo-accumulation class (Igeo) indicates that the agricultural soil of Hanumanghat, Manohara, Nagadesh and Bode are moderately contaminated of Cd.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 48-55
ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FOUR MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NEPAL
Authors: Sharma Swasti , Devkota Ajana
Published: October 2015

The laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential and phytochemical study of the four selected medicinal plants Ageratum conyzoides, Eclipta prostrata, Cannabis sativa and Woodfordia fructicosa. The aqueous extract bioassay of the plants with stem and root were conducted on the two test seeds Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Pisum sativum (pea) by filter paper method. Germination, seedling growth and biomass production were observed under the allelopathic study whereas under phytochemical study qualitative or presence or absence and quantitative or crude amount of the phytochemicals present were also estimated. For the allelopathic studies the germination and seedling growth of wheat and pea test species under the different concentrations 2 %, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the stem and root extracts of the plants under study were carried out. Increased concentration of the aqueous extracts of the plants increased the inhibitory rate or decreased the germination and seedling growth.Species sensitivity varied with the test seeds and alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, phenol, glycoside and essential oil were the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 56-61
BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BURN WOUNDS WITH TIME AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM
Authors: Rajbahak S , Shrestha C , Singh A
Published: October 2015

A prospective study was carried out in 42 burn patients admitted in burn unit of Bir Hospital over a period of six months from September 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate time-related changes in aerobic bacterial colonization and their susceptibility pattern. Periodic swabs were taken from the burn wound on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks to see the changing pattern of organisms during hospital stay of patients. Wound swabs obtained from the burn patients were subjected to microbiological analysis. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. In the present study burn injury was highest in the age group 25-34 years (28.6%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Fire was the major cause of burn (78.6%) followed by scald burn (7.1%). Among the 168 samples, single organism was isolated in 47.6% samples and mixed organisms in 39.9% and no growth in 12.5%. A total of 215 bacterial species were isolated from 168 samples in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for the highest percentage 45.6% followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (17.7%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) (5.6%). Gram negative bacteria were the dominating bacteria all over the study period and exhibited lower sensitivity to most of the antibiotic used. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa was least sensitive to most antibiotics used. Amikacin was the drug of choice for most Gram negative bacteria and vancomycin was found to be susceptible drug for Gram positive organisms (S. aureus and CONS). Continuous survey and analysis of changing microbial flora and their antibiogram in burn patients help in timely detection and control of spread of infection and also help to review effective antibiotic policies.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 70-76
PSATHYRELLA CANDOLLEANA (FR.:FR.) MAIRE VAR. CANDOLLEANA (FR.) MAIRE: A NEW RECORD OF MUSHROOM FOR NEPAL
Authors: Adhikari M K
Published: October 2015

Recently Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.:Fr.) Maire var. candolleana (Fr.) Maire (1913) was gathered from Lainchour, Kathmandu. It is considered as new record for Nepal. The brief description, distribution and the photograph of the species has been included in this paper.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 77-78
Determination of the Thickness of a Resistive Material Layer in a Finite Volume Conductor using Focused Impedance Method (FIM)  a simulation study
Authors: Al-Quaderi Golam Dastegir , Ahmed Sayed Parvez , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: October 2015

Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is an innovative and relatively new electrical impedance measurement technique that allows localized measurement of the properties of electrically conducting materials in a volume conductor such as the human body using simple measurement setups. In a previous work, FIM, with dual electrode separation, was used to determine thicknesses of subcutaneous fat layers through experimental study on phantoms and human subjects. The present work, carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software package, is a finite element simulation study for a similar target object that verifies and extends the results of the previous experimental work. A rectangular box of different heights containing a material of uniform conductivity such as saline together with internally embedded layers of resistive materials of different thicknesses were used for this study. The measured transfer impedance in the FIM method showed marked change with the variation of the thickness of the resistive layer and with electrode separation, showing a point of maximum curvature in the latter. We obtained a calibration curve for the thickness from the electrode separation of this point. This allowed a unique method for the determination of thickness of embedded resistive layers which is more general than what had been done in the previous experimental work. This work will help standardize the application of 4-electrode FIM for determination of the thickness of less-conducting material layer in any finite volume, including determination of fat layer thickness, etc.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.7 No.1 2014 8-23
Determination of organ volume using Focused Impedance Method (FIM): a simulation approach
Authors: Ahmed Sayed Parvez , Kadir M Abdul , Rahman Rubina , Al-Quaderi Golam Dastegir , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: October 2015

A noninvasive and radiation free technique for in-vivo measurement of the volume of organs or fluids in the human body is necessary for many clinical applications. Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a novel technique of electrical impedance measurements which has enhanced sensitivity in a localized region. FIM can sense the change in transfer impedance of an organ within a reasonable depth of the human body using surface electrodes, minimizing contributions from its neighbouring regions. This of course assumes that the impedance properties of the embedded object are different from that of its surrounding tissues. This paper presents a new method for the determination of the volume of an organ within body using dual electrode separations of a concentric 4-electrode FIM configuration. In order to develop this formalism simulated FIM measurements using surface electrodes on a cubic volume conductor with embedded spherical objects were performed using a Finite Element (FE) based simulation software, COMSOL Multiphysics®. For the present methodology, the conductivity of the object with respect to its surroundings and its depth need to be known. The former is obtainable through some primary invasive or in vivo measurements while the latter may be approximated using anatomy. Experimental results on a phantom made up of a cubic tank filled with saline showed that the proposed method can be used to determine the volume of embedded objects to an accuracy of about 5% which is adequate for most physiological measurements. The technique may also find use in geology, oceanography and industry.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.7 No.1 2014 24-33
Distribution of Conduction Velocity (DCV) from measured F-Wave Latency for detection of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy (CRM)
Authors: Rahman M Obaidur , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: October 2015

In the previous work of our extended group at Dhaka, Distribution of Conduction Velocity (DCV) of motor nerve fibres in a peripheral nerve trunk was established as an approximate mirror image of Distribution of F-Latency (DFL), for which consecutive 30 to 40 F-latencies were used through multiple stimulation of a peripheral nerve trunk. Using patterns of DFL a considerable amount of experience has been built up in the detection of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy and Myelopathy (CRM). In the present work we have obtained DCV directly from the Conduction Velocity (CV) values obtained from each of the F-latencies. Because of the inverse relationship between latency and velocity, a small variation to the mirror image should be present, particularly when discrete bin widths are used to obtain the frequency distribution. Therefore, one challenge was to choose an appropriate bin width while obtaining DCV directly so that the patterns can be related to those of DFL easily for the detection of CRM. To obtain DFL our extended group at Dhaka had used a bin width of 2 ms which gave good results. To choose a corresponding bin width for DCV four recognized measures of central tendency: Average of the range, Median, Mode and Mean (weighted average) were used and the resulting patterns of DCV were compared to that of DFL to determine the percentage of matches with respect to the detection of CRM. It was observed that Median gave the best DCV with 89% matches followed closely by Mode giving 83% match. The other two gave much lower values, 67% and 50%. Therefore, median value gave the best match which could be used to obtain DCV from the CV values directly, for the determination of CRM.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.7 No.1 2014 56-65
Communicating Thematic Data Quality with Web Map Services
Authors: Blower Jon , Masó Joan , Díaz Daniel , Roberts Charles , Griffiths Guy , Lewis Jane , Yang Xiaoyu , Pons Xavier
Published: October 2015

Geospatial information of many kinds, from topographic maps to scientific data, is increasingly being made available through web mapping services. These allow georeferenced map images to be served from data stores and displayed in websites and geographic information systems, where they can be integrated with other geographic information. The Open Geospatial Consortium’s Web Map Service (WMS) standard has been widely adopted in diverse communities for sharing data in this way. However, current services typically provide little or no information about the quality or accuracy of the data they serve. In this paper we will describe the design and implementation of a new “quality-enabled” profile of WMS, which we call “WMS-Q”. This describes how information about data quality can be transmitted to the user through WMS. Such information can exist at many levels, from entire datasets to individual measurements, and includes the many different ways in which data uncertainty can be expressed. We also describe proposed extensions to the Symbology Encoding specification, which include provision for visualizing uncertainty in raster data in a number of different ways, including contours, shading and bivariate colour maps. We shall also describe new open-source implementations of the new specifications, which include both clients and servers.
Le bannissement des protestants de Lille après la paix d'Arras (1579-1582)
Authors: Lottin Alain
Published: October 2015

Op de verzoening tussen Rijsel en de Katholieke Koning bezegeld door de Vrede van Atrecht (17.5. 1579) volgt de verbanning zonder vorm van procès van procès van een lOOtal opponenten. meer dan 200 mensen worden daarna vogelvrij verklaard nadat « verraders » de stad in mei 1581 in de handen van de Doorniksen hadden willen spelen. Hier worden de namen van de verbannenen gepubliceerd zoals die voorkomen in het register van de getrof- fen maatregelen n°278 van het Rijselse stadsarchief.
Relations entre les arpenteurs et leurs employeurs au XVIIIe siècle dans la région lilloise
Authors: Desreumaux Roger
Published: October 2015

J.-B. Carpentier, a Lille estate agent, trusted with the management of land owned by the nobility in Flanders, Hainault, Brabant and Picardy, provides a good example of the relations between surveyors and their employers. According to the principle that : « no estate without a thorough survey is ever known in full detail », he resorts to the help of many land- surveyors, having them work on many of his current affairs.

In Sainghin-en-Mélantois, a stratagem enables Carpentier to get hold of the survey drawn by his competitor, which he has rapidly copied by one of his own surveyors. Another document, dated 1572, will help him to have the plan of the Abbey estate drawn anew.

The Slype « Commanderie » will bring Carpentier many a joy, thanks to surveyor Ramault. This later will represent him at the estimation of land claimed by the public authority for the opening of a new road. The estate agent hopes he will be able to do without a survey for the smaller La Braque « Commanderie », near Turnhout, but he will finally have to have one drawn, though a a cheaper cost.

Thus Carpentier uses the surveyors for the copy of ancient plans, the drawing of new ones, field inquiries, land estimations. He also uses them he takes part in the « lords'reac- tion » of his time, a component of the French Revolution.
Le cheminement incertain d'une incompréhension : Camille Desmoulins et le peuple belge en révolution (1789-1790)
Authors: Guignet Philippe
Published: October 2015

In dit artikel worden de opeenvolgende analyses onderzocht van Camille Desmoulins over het verloop van de revolutionaire gebeurtenissen in de Oostenrijkse Nederlanden, zoals die in zijn dagboek Les Revolutions de France et de Brabant te vinden zijn. In het begin voelt de auteur zich een met het volk dat opstaat tegen Jozef II. Maar de creatie van de Verenigde Belgische Staten door de Statisten grieft hem : hij ziet voor de « Braban- ders » geen ander heil meer dan in een versterking van de democratische beweging van Vonck. Wegens het uitschakelen van de Vonckisten in maart 1790, zwijgt Desmoulins over de Belgische situatie tot in de herfst van 1790. Als de bedreiging van een Oostenrijks militair offensief acuter wordt, slikt Camille zijn kritiek op de Vandermootisten in enroept de Franse patriotten op tot solidariteit met een broedervolk. De bijna onmiddellijke ineenstorting van de Statistische weerstand verandert het oordeel van de auteur opnieuw en hij onderstreept dat wat er in Brabant gebeurd is een vreselijk argument is tegen de théocratie. Men kan stellen dat de vêle bochten in de analyse van Desmoulins wijzen op een niet-begrijpen van het eigene van de Brabantse omwenteling.
« Voluptas et commoditas ». Architecture et vie sociale au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple lillois
Authors: Duthoy Jean-Jacques
Published: October 2015

Als organisator van feestelijkheden, ontwerper van vluchtige decors, maar ook als verantwoordelijke voor de aanleg van wandelingen, parken en plaatsen voor de ontspan- ning van het publiek, is de architect van het einde van de xvnie eeuw niet alleen in dienst van een privé-cliënteel : hij heeft ook een sociale functie. De architectuur is als kunst van de gemeenschap eng daarmee verbonden en schept de ruimte voor het dagelijkse leven en de ontspanning. In Rijsel zijn er de feesten georganiseerd door MichelLequeux en de bouw van het beroemde Colisée, een werk van François Verly.

Het is een uiting van een opvatting van wat wij nu de ruimtlijke omgeving (« environment ») noemen, een doordacht en vaak gelukkig mengsel van stad en platteland,steen en plant. Tijdens de laatste jaren van het Ancien Régime biedt Rijsel zijn inwoners sierlijk- heid en gemak. Het was zijn mooiste tijd.
Le retour de captivité du général Vandamme
Authors: Milot Jean
Published: October 2015

Vandamme's papers and correspondence, kept in the Lille municipal library provide a new insight into this man's so discredited and disputed life in his time.

Among other things, they show how, coming back from his capitivity in Russia (July 1814), this general, one of the most consistently charged and denounced of the Revolution and Empire, always presented, even nowadays, as a money-grasping shark, and a covetous and interested calculator, was the victim of his good faith and ingenuousness.

Having decided, in order to hasten his return from Riga to Dunkirk, to sail back, he hired out a Danish vessel, the Coff Anna Dorothea, whose little scrupulous captain and owners tried to make him bear expenses out of proportion with the service supplied. Followed a trial full of unexpected reboundings, interrupted and delayed by the political situation and the General's exile to the United States of America.

This trial only came to an end in 1820 thanks to a money sacrifice by Vandamme.
Une longue bataille : le démantèlement des remparts de Lille (1899-1923)
Authors: Ménager Bernard
Published: October 2015

The dismantling of the Lille fortifications was only achieved after lengthgy controversies. They were at first political. Was the Lille fortress necessary for the defence of the « Nord » ? The Staffs conceptions varied and it was only the experiment of the 1914 war which permitted to settle the question and to overcome the opposition of the officers of the Engineers bent on preserving their attributions and who found in the Parisian spheres numerous supporters. The city authorities had for their to face financial difficulties just after paying back the debts contracted for the 1860 extension. The socialists proved more enterprizing than the conservatives who succeeded them after a steady criticism of their money squandering. A not-disinterested opposition also worked in the background : landlords fearing a drop in the rents, shopkeepers anxious of a shift of population from the city- centre to the periphery. Yet, public opinion became gradually more and more in favour of the plan : workers victims of a too narrow housing offer, building contractors and their customers, architects, physicians concerned with public health to whom could be added the inhabitants of the districts of Fives and Saint-Maurice hitherto cut off from the rest of the city. This coalition also benefited from the support of people of the surrounding communes who, bordering the military easements, suffered inconvenience from them. The development of the operation between 1925 ans 1936 was to give the peripheral zone its present outlook.
Le livre imprimé au XVe siècle dans la France du Nord
Authors: Barbier Frédéric
Published: October 2015

A careful inventory and analysis of the XVth century printed material kept in northern France helps design a broad outline of cultural history at the end of the Middle Ages : at first, northern France, closely connected to the original Gutenbergian area — medium Rhine-land — , appears to be among the privileged geographical spaces in which the new book-civilisation developed. The weight of the XIIIth century scholastic traditions remains nonetheless very heavy in our collection, as the contribution of the humanistic movement looks rather minor. Innovation seems rather to lie on two essential fields, the wide diffusion of new types and models of worship from the Rhine valley and present day Holland, and the rise of a category of « enlightened » lay readers, not only among the staff and civil servants of the Duke, but also among the merchant middle-class of the major cities of the region.
Presse et vérité sous l'Ancien Régime
Authors: Tucoo-Chala Suzanne
Published: October 2015

La Presse d'Ancien Régime a d'abord relaté le vrai et le faux, l'utile et l'inutile, sans complexe. Elle a également joué le rôle de retransmission de vérités déjà affirmées en dehors de son domaine : vérité religieuse, scientifique, littéraire. Mais, guidés par la Vérité qui accompagne les générations du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle, les journalistes partent à la découverte d'une vérité journalistique spécifique (les déclarations d'intention recueillies dans les innombrables prospectus qui annoncent la création ou la rénovation des journaux le prouvent). Cette vérité, ils la débusquent peu à peu, difficilement la fabriquent et la diffusent selon des techniques que les conditions psychologiques et politico-culturelles ne permettent pas de parachever. Malgré cela, l'effort est fait, un champ nouveau de la connaissance est ouvert et la Presse n'est plus seulement un instrument de retransmission de la vérité des autres, elle est, de plus en plus, l'instrument unique de la découverte d'un monde quotidien et pressé, de plus en plus indispensable au public.
Le Journal de Perlet pendant la réaction thermidorienne
Authors: Godechot Jacques
Published: October 2015

On sait peu de choses sur Perlet, né à Genève vers 1765 et venu à Paris vers 1782. Il crée le 20 octobre 1789 un journal intitulé Versatile et Paris. Celui-ci donne essentiellement les comptes rendus de l'Assemblée nationale et de la Commune de Paris. C'était un journal d'information qui, à partir du 22 septembre 1792 prit pour titre Journal de Perlet. Ses récits sont assez objectifs jusqu'à la chute de Robespierre. Mais, à partir de celle-ci, le journal devient de plus en plus contre-révolutionnaire et royalisant. Il se montra surtout hostile à la poursuite de la guerre. Le journal disparut le 20 mars 1797, son directeur fut poursuivi, finalement arrêté en 1799, déporté en Guyane. Il en revient en 1800, passa au service de la police secrète de Bonaparte, eut des « affaires » célèbres, et mourut misérablement à Genève en 1828.
Communautés religieuses et sociétés urbaines. Le chapitre Saint-Paul de Lyon (1450-1550)
Authors: Fédou René
Published: October 2015

The case of Saint-Paul's chapter in Lyon casts some light on the relationships between the lay urban societies and the religious communities, at the junction of the Middle Ages and the Modern Times. In contrast to the aristocratic chapter of the cathedral, a feudal power living at the edge of the city, if not in direct conflict with the citizens, this Collegiate Church, established in a lively district, is very much « Lyonese » in its recruiting, employees, suppliers, and offices celebrated for the deceased. Around 1450, its account books, regularly kept, betoken a sound and prosperous community. A century later, its capitular acts reveal intellectual interests inkeeping with those of the citizens' elite and the desire to face, through an irreproachable conduct, the « mal sentans de la foy » (ill-trusters of the faith). At that time it also gives signs of impoverishment, harbingers of the depression that will put an end to the great century of prosperity of a city whose life, glory and ordeals it constantly refleted.
Anglomanie et anglophobie en France au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Nordmann Claude
Published: October 2015

L'anglomanie en France au siècle des Lumières est surtout le fait d'une élite qui se nourrit des idées de liberté de l'île voisine, pourtant encore mal connue. Cependant tous les anciens griefs à l'égard de la « perfide Albion » restent profondément ancrés dans la mentalité collective des Français. L'anglophobie s'alimente non seulement d'un antagonisme politique et économique, mais d'une opposition religieuse, d'un rejet par les sujets du Roi Très Chrétien des mœurs, des habitudes étranges des Britanniques, voire de leur culture. On constatera les variations même de nos philosophes à l'égard de l'Angleterre, capables de soutenir les Stuart exilés contre les Hanovre et la monarchie mixte de Londres. La guerre d'Amérique ranime ses passions anglophobes, néanmoins la voie de la réconciliation est recherchée avant le grand affrontement de la Révolution.
Curés et paroissiens dans les campagnes du diocèse de Lyon sous l'Ancien Régime : le témoignage des archives judiciaires
Authors: Gutton Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2015

Deze studie is het resultaat van het onderzoek van de archieven van de rechtsgebieden van baljuwen en seneschalken in het oostelijk deel van het diocees Lyon (Lyonnais, Forez). Men vindt in deze dokumenten verslagen over materiële conflicten — maar tenslotte zijn er niet zo veel — die soms (i.v.m. herstellingen en pastories) heftig zijn. Men krijgt ook een beeld van fouten van de geestelijkheid die de dorpsgemeenschap niet langer verdraagt, en van de moeilijkheden die ontstaan tussen pastoor en parochianen wegens de vooruitgang na de hervorming van de tridi. De strijd voor de morele contrôle van het dorp, via jeugdorganisaties, is soms zeer heftig. De contrôle van de peters brengt de macht van de pastoors aan het licht. Deze archieven bieden een beeld van de verschil- lende sociale idealen en de concrete twistpunten.
De la mosaïque à l'unité : la conscience provinciale en Alsace à la fin du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Livet Georges
Published: October 2015

A study of the question of how far there had been — if at all — the constitution, throughout a century, of a province consciousness, of how, in the mentalities, the behaviours, the customs, one passed from the Empire's mosaic to the notion of province, of the way finally in which the province was actually experienced by the diverse elements, crammed together at first into a new political entity, the Province, against the ancient self-interests, deep- rooted traditions, sometimes forced into clandestinity but which, profiting by the ideological up-surge, were all too ready to re-surface. On e has thus to refine the institutional analysis with the help of the results gathered by recent research particularly in the fields of religion, politics, and culture.
Quelques aspects de l'enseignement artistique dans le Nord au début de la Troisième République
Authors: Lussien-Maisonneuve Marie-Josèphe
Published: October 2015

Het onderzoek van het archief van de Schone Kunsten (reeks T) in de Archives départementales du Nord draagt bij tot de kennis van het kunstonderwijs in het Noorden in het begin van de Derde Republiek.

De vermaarde Ecoles Académiques van Rijsel, Douai, Valenciennes en Cambrai, die al voor de Revolutie bestonden, en die van Tourcoing en de Ecole spéciale van Roubaix, meer récente scheppingen, bieden een vorming die die van de Ecole des Beaux-Arts nabootst. Zij vormen ook talrijke leerlingen in de industriële en decoratieve kunsten.

De gemeentelijke scholeh van Belle, Le Cateau, Anzin, Avesnes en Maubeugebieden ook een degelijke vorming in « industriëel tekenen » (drie jaar), bestemd voor de kinderen van arbeiders en ambachtslui. Het onderwijs in de decoratieve en industriële kunsten krijgt steeds meer belang en vormt de gespecialiseerde arbeiders en ambachtslui die met hun « bel ouvrage » bijdragen tot de bouw van het regionaal patrimonium en tot de faam van de textiel — en metaalverwerkende industrie en de openbare werken.
L'Association catholique de la Jeunesse française : les étapes d'une histoire (1886-1956)
Authors: Hilaire Yves-Marie
Published: October 2015

Het is nodig in het licht van de proefschriften van Philippe Levillain en van Charles Molette, het belang van de Association Catholique de la Jeunesse française (A.C.T.F. Katho- lieke Franse Jeudgvereniging) te reevalueren. Na een moeizaam begin kende deze vereni- ging een grote expansie tussen 1899 en 1914 en een opleving in de loop van de jaren'20 na de offers in de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Zeer verschillende persoonlijkheden werden door de beweging gevormd, zo Emmanuel Mounier, Henri-Irénée Marrou, Georges Bidault, Marcel Prélot en Francis Valentin. In de loop van de jaren'30, tijdens de bezetting en na de bevrijding — toen de vereniging al opgesplitst was in meer gespecialiseerde bewegin- gen als de J.A.C., J.E.C., J.I.C., J.M.C., J.O.C. — bleef zij een belangrijke roi spelen als vertegenwoordiger van een groot deel van de jeugd bij de overheid.
Les origines de Gravelines et de Calais
Authors: Derville Alain
Published: October 2015

La fondation des avant-ports flamands sous le règne de Philippe d'Alsace est bien connue. Pour Gravelines, on peut pourtant préciser le site du Nouveau Port ; on doit surtout inscrire l'opération dans un plan plus vaste : la canalisation de l'Aa par ceux de Saint- Omer a favorisé le commerce, a permis l'assèchement de la plaine maritime, a fourni une chasse au Nouveau Port. Pour Calais, un plan semblable fut mis en œuvre par le comte Mathieu d'Alsace. L'histoire du Calaisis montre que la conquête des terres et la maîtrise des eaux ont culminé avec la création de Calais. Les documents de 1296 permettent d'entrevoir le lotissement du bourg vers 1 165 : peu de privilèges, un loyer du sol très élevé, mais une poignée de hardis pionniers.
La capacité héraldique dans la Flandre maritime. Essai d'analyse quantitative
Authors: Duerloo Luc
Published: October 2015

De nombreuses discussions ont cours dans le domaine héraldique au sujet du nombre de gens autorisés à porter des armoiries. Une approche basée sur des sources non normatives n'a cependant jamais été entreprise. L'Armoriai Général de France, rédigé suite à l'édit de novembre 1696, offre pourtant matière à suffisance. L'enquête partielle de l'intendance de Flandre Maritime livra les résultats suivants. La capacité héraldique était, aux yeux de l'autorité, un phénomène principalement urbain. Au surplus, elle était fortement liée à la fonction sociale. En fin de compte, seuls les états privilégiés et les professions de la plume participaient activement à la vie héraldique.
Exploring Aesthetic Dimensions in Nature-Based Tourist Experiences
Authors: Breiby Monica A.
Published: October 2015

There are few empirical studies linking nature-based tourist experiences to the increasing focus on the concept of aesthetics in the tourism literature to date. Although tourism scholars have studied aesthetic notions with regard to landscape preferences in the past two decades, the
literature on the concept of aesthetics as it relates to human-made environments in nature-based tourism is limited. For example, accommodation, food, and signs may all be central features in a nature-based holiday, and thereby influence the tourists' experiences. Therefore, the purpose of
this study is to gain knowledge of the influence of central aesthetic dimensions on tourists' experiences in a nature-based setting. Specifically, it extends the previous research by including the human-made environment situated within nature together with the natural environment itself. The
empirical context is a specific tourist route in Norway. Semistructured interviews were conducted with travelers holidaying along the route to explore the kinds of aesthetic dimensions and forces that shape aesthetic judgments in such a context. The findings revealed five aesthetic dimensions:
(1) “harmony,” (2) “scenery/viewing,” (3) “cleanliness,” (4) “genuineness,” and (5) “variation/contrast.” Based on the results, the study suggests that future tourism research should include aesthetic dimensions for both the human-made
and the natural environment, to better understand tourists' overall “experiencescape” at nature-based destinations. It also emphasizes the importance for managers of focusing on the role of aesthetic dimensions in tourists' satisfaction. It is especially important to understand
how to manage aesthetic dimensions in such a way that they both add customer value and can be a source of competitive advantage for service businesses at nature-based tourist destinations.
The Association of Quality, Risk, Sacrifice, Satisfaction, and Loyalty at the Destination Level: A Structural Model
Authors: Hossain Md Enayet , Quaddus Mohammed , Shanka Tekle
Published: October 2015

The main purpose of this study was to explore empirically the association of quality, risk, sacrifice, satisfaction, and loyalty. Initially a conceptual model was proposed cultivating literature and then contextualized via field study. The analysis was done based on 602 samples collected
from Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, using a Likert scale. The Partial Least Square-based Structure Equation Modeling approach was used for data analysis. The outcome presented a strong association among the constructs. This study demonstrates an important contribution to the body of knowledge in
the area of tourism destinations' management and marketing, and suggests important implications to both practitioners and academics.
Opportunities and Issues in the Health Tourism Industry: Deep Sea Water Development in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Kuan-Huei , Lee Timothy J.
Published: October 2015

The deep sea water (DSW) industry has a great commercial potential for the global health tourism market. This study aims to investigate the successful relationships between stakeholders with a focus on the role of the government. Two surveys were conducted on the east coast of Taiwan
to discover if the local governments were willing to give any assistance of the development of the DSW industry. The results of the study revealed that the first priority was the installation of a thalasso spa in Hualien, eastern Taiwan. Taiwan Government must consider that the opening of
three similar facilities close together will need careful planning and study of the market size. The study suggests establishing a government-owned DSW Research & Development Park and thalasso spa near the three private sectors to balance the fierce competition among the three private
companies.
Vicariance, long‐distance dispersal, and regional extinction–recolonization dynamics explain the disjunct circumpolar distribution of the arctic‐alpine plant Silene acaulis
Authors: Gussarova Galina , Allen Geraldine A. , Mikhaylova Yulia , McCormick Laurie J. , Mirré Virginia , Marr Kendrick L. , Hebda Richard J. , Brochmann Christian
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Many arctic‐alpine species have vast geographic ranges, but these may encompass substantial gaps whose origins are poorly understood. Here we address the phylogeographic history of Silene acaulis, a perennial cushion plant with a circumpolar distribution except for a large gap in Siberia.

METHODS:

We assessed genetic variation in a range‐wide sample of 103 populations using plastid DNA (pDNA) sequences and AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphisms). We constructed a haplotype network and performed Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on plastid sequences. We visualized AFLP patterns using principal coordinate analysis, identified genetic groups using the program structure, and estimated genetic diversity and rarity indices by geographic region.

KEY RESULTS:

The history of the main pDNA lineages was estimated to span several glaciations. AFLP data revealed a distinct division between Beringia/North America and Europe/East Greenland. These two regions shared only one of 17 pDNA haplotypes. Populations on opposite sides of the Siberian range gap (Ural Mountains and Chukotka) were genetically distinct and appear to have resulted from postglacial leading‐edge colonizations. We inferred two refugia in North America (Beringia and the southern Rocky Mountains) and two in Europe (central‐southern Europe and northern Europe/East Greenland). Patterns in the East Atlantic region suggested transoceanic long‐distance dispersal events.

CONCLUSIONS:

Silene acaulis has a highly dynamic history characterized by vicariance, regional extinction, and recolonization, with persistence in at least four refugia. Long‐distance dispersal explains patterns across the Atlantic Ocean, but we found no evidence of dispersal across the Siberian range gap.
Pleistocene climatic oscillations rather than recent human disturbance influence genetic diversity in one of the world's highest treeline species
Authors: Peng Yanling , Lachmuth Susanne , Gallegos Silvia C. , Kessler Michael , Ramsay Paul M. , Renison Daniel , Suarez Ricardo , Hensen Isabell
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Biological responses to climatic change usually leave imprints on the genetic diversity and structure of plants. Information on the current genetic diversity and structure of dominant tree species has facilitated our general understanding of phylogeographical patterns.

METHODS:

Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs), we compared genetic diversity and structure of 384 adults of P. tarapacana with those of 384 seedlings across 32 forest sites spanning a latitudinal gradient of 600 km occurring between 4100 m and 5000 m a.s.l. in Polylepis tarapacana (Rosaceae), one of the world's highest treeline species endemic to the central Andes.

KEY RESULTS:

Moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation were detected in both adults and seedlings, with levels of genetic diversity and differentiation being almost identical. Four slightly genetically divergent clusters were identified that accorded to differing geographical regions. Genetic diversity decreased from south to north and with increasing precipitation for adults and seedlings, but there was no relationship to elevation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study shows that, unlike the case for other Andean treeline species, recent human activities have not affected the genetic structure of P. tarapacana, possibly because its inhospitable habitat is unsuitable for agriculture. The current genetic pattern of P. tarapacana points to a historically more widespread distribution at lower altitudes, which allowed considerable gene flow possibly during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene epoch, and also suggests that the northern Argentinean Andes may have served as a refugium for historical populations.
Functional and environmental determinants of bark thickness in fire‐free temperate rain forest communities
Authors: Richardson Sarah J. , Laughlin Daniel C. , Lawes Michael J. , Holdaway Robert J. , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Wright Monique , Curran Timothy J. , Bellingham Peter J. , McGlone Matt S.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

In fire‐prone ecosystems, variation in bark thickness among species and communities has been explained by fire frequency; thick bark is necessary to protect cambium from lethal temperatures. Elsewhere this investment is deemed unnecessary, and thin bark is thought to prevail. However, in rain forest ecosystems where fire is rare, bark thickness varies widely among species and communities, and the causes of this variation remain enigmatic. We tested for functional explanations of bark thickness variation in temperate rain forest species and communities.

METHODS:

We measured bark thickness in 82 tree species throughout New Zealand temperate rain forests that historically have experienced little fire and applied two complementary analyses. First, we examined correlations between bark traits and leaf habit, and leaf and stem traits. Second, we calculated community‐weighted mean (CWM) bark thickness for 272 plots distributed throughout New Zealand to identify the environments in which thicker‐barked communities occur.

KEY RESULTS:

Conifers had higher size‐independent bark thickness than evergreen angiosperms. Species with thicker bark or higher bark allocation coefficients were not associated with “slow economic” plant traits. Across 272 forest plots, communities with thicker bark occurred on infertile soils, and communities with thicker bark and higher bark allocation coefficients occurred in cooler, drier climates.

CONCLUSIONS:

In non‐fire‐prone temperate rain forest ecosystems, investment in bark is driven by soil resources, cool minimum temperatures, and seasonal moisture stress. The role of these factors in fire‐prone ecosystems warrants testing.
L’acte dans tous ses états, l’acte sous toutes ses formes
Authors: Bourdin Dominique
Published: October 2015

L’acte n’est pas seulement le passage à l’acte. Ce premier niveau de l’agir est expulsif d’une tension interne ; il correspond à un besoin de décharge. À la décharge brute peut s’adjoindre une première mise en forme psychique : est expulsé vers l’extérieur ce qui ne peut être supporté en soi, selon le modèle de la constitution d’un Moi-Plaisir ; l’acte de vengeance en est le prototype, mais le processus peut être moins conscient encore, comme dans ces crimes où la détermination inconsciente est première et rend l’acte incompréhensible à son auteur lui-même. La dimension hallucinatoire est puissante. L’acte prend une signification particulière dans les relations transférentielles où il va être porteur de ce qui n’a pu se dire. Le passage à l’acte au cours d’une thérapie peut être un moment mutatif. Il se distingue de la décharge en ce qu’il est adressé, et garde une liaison avec un ensemble d’expressions psychiques formant une histoire transférentielle. L’acte peut être psychiquement plus élaboré, véritable scénario psychique extériorisé, notamment dans le cadre d’une thérapie où il est implicitement adressé au thérapeute. Il a alors un statut qui se rapproche de celui du rêve, mais n’a pu être contenu dans une élaboration psychique. L’extériorisation tient lieu de représentation. Enfin, il ne faudrait pas oublier que l’acte peut être expression pleine de la vie psychique et relationnelle. L’homme d’action n’est pas psychiquement mutilé ! Certes l’acte peut court-circuiter le fantasme ou éviter le déploiement de l’affect. Mais il peut manifester aussi la capacité à rendre réel le mouvement du désir et à réaliser une satisfaction pulsionnelle concrète. L’acte débouche alors sur l’œuvre.
Travailler psychanalytiquement à plusieurs et avec la famille en hôpital de jour pour adolescents
Authors: Penot Bernard
Published: October 2015

L’auteur s’efforce de rendre compte de la genèse du dispositif de travail analytique à plusieurs adopté par l’hôpital de jour du Cerep-Montsouris à partir des années 1970. Il s’agit d’adolescents souffrant de troubles graves de la subjectivation (délire, pathologie du comportement) mais non déficitaires. C’est tout d’abord l’expérience du psychodrame psychanalytique, puis du travail de synthèse en équipe, qui a ouvert la voie d’un travail coordonné de façon à permettre la saisie de phénomènes de transferts diffractés sur plusieurs professionnels de l’équipe autour de chacun de ces adolescents. Cela mena aussi logiquement à considérer que les soignants directement impliqués sur ce mode étaient les mieux placés pour mener à bien le travail avec sa famille.