bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the optimal time period for detection of atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke and TIA: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Thakur Mrinal , Alsinbili Ahmed , Chattopadhyay Rahul , Warburton Elizabeth A , Khadjooi Kayvan , Induruwa Isuru
Published: November 2023

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke (IS) and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The timely detection of first-diagnosed or “new” AF (nAF) would prompt a switch from antiplatelets to anticoagulation to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence; however, the optimal timing and duration of rhythm monitoring to detect nAF remains unclear.

Aims:

We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) between 2012 and 2023 investigating nAF detection after IS and TIA. Outcome measures were overall detection of nAF (control; (usual care) compared to intervention; (continuous cardiac monitoring >72 h)) and the time period in which nAF detection is highest (0–14 days, 15–90 days, 91–180 days, or 181–365 days). A random-effects model with generic inverse variance weights was used to pool the most adjusted effect measure from each trial.

Summary of review:

A total of eight RCTs investigated rhythm monitoring after IS, totaling 5820 patients. The meta-analysis of the studies suggested that continuous cardiac monitoring was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 3.81 (95% CI 2.14 to 6.77), compared to usual care (control), for nAF detection. In the time period analysis, the odds ratio for nAF detection at 0–14 days, 15–90 days, 91–180 days, 181–365 days were 1.79 (1.24–2.58); 2.01 (0.63–6.37); 0.98 (0.16–5.90); and 2.92 (1.30–6.56), respectively.

Conclusion:

There is an almost fourfold increase in nAF detection with continuous cardiac monitoring, compared to usual care. The results also demonstrate two statistically significant time periods in nAF detection; at 0–14 days and 6–12 months following monitoring commencement. These data support the utilization of different monitoring methods to cover both time periods and a minimum of 1 year of monitoring to maximize nAF detection in patients after IS and TIA.
Endoscopic characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review in the era of advanced endoscopic imaging
Authors: Cassinotti Andrea , Parravicini Marco , Chapman Thomas P. , Balzarini Marco , Canova Lorenzo , Segato Simone , Zadro Valentina , Travis Simon , Segato Sergio
Published: November 2023

Background:

Current guidelines strongly recommend the use of validated classifications to support optical diagnosis of lesions with advanced endoscopic imaging in the lower gastrointestinal tract. However, the optimal strategy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still a matter of debate.

Objectives:

To analyze the accuracy of endoscopic classifications or single predictors for in vivo lesion characterization during endoscopic surveillance of IBD with advanced endoscopic imaging.

Design:

Systematic review.

Data sources and methods:

Medline and PubMed were used to extract all studies which focused on lesion characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in IBD. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic classifications and single endoscopic predictors for lesion characterization were analyzed according to type of patients, lesions, and technology used. When available, the rates of true and false positives or negatives for neoplasia were pooled and the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results:

We included 35 studies (2789 patients; 5925 lesions – 1149 neoplastic). Advanced endoscopic imaging included dye-based chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE), magnification and high-definition endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), endocytoscopy, and autofluorescence imaging. The Kudo classification of pit patterns was most frequently used, with pooled SE 83%, SP 83%, and NPV 95%. The endoscopic criteria with the highest accuracy, with minimum SE ⩾ 90%, SP ⩾ 80%, and NPV ⩾ 90% were: the Kudo-IBD classification used with VCE (Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement and i-SCAN); combined irregular surface and vascular patterns used with narrow band imaging; the Mainz classification used with CLE. Multiple clinical and technical factors were found to influence the accuracy of optical diagnosis in IBD.

Conclusion:

No single endoscopic factor has yet shown sufficient accuracy for lesion characterization in IBD surveillance. Conventional classifications developed in the non-IBD setting have lower accuracy in IBD. The use of new classifications adapted for IBD (Kudo-IBD), and new technologies based on in vivo microscopic analysis show promise.
Research on Secondary Metabolites From the Soft Coral-Associated Fungus Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO41203 and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Bin , Liu Juan
Published: November 2023

Objective: As part of our ongoing search for bioactive secondary metabolites, the Beibu Gulf soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO41203 was investigated, which led to the isolation of 15 compounds. Methods: These compounds were purified by chromatographic methods, including normal phase silica gel column chromatography, octadecylsilyl column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry and compared their data with those related metabolites in the literature. Results: The structures of 1 to 15 were identified as expansol F (1), expansol C (2), expansol D (3), ( Z)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(6′-methylhept-2′-en-2′-yl)phenol (4), ( E)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(6′-methylhept-2′-en-2′-yl)phenol (5), sydonol (6), (-)-(7 R,10 S)-10-hydroxysydowic acid (7), (-)-(7 R,10 R)- iso-10-hydroxysydowic acid (8), sydowic acid (9), 1-hydroxyboivinianin A (10), (+)-sydonic acid (11), 3-hydroxydiorcinol (12), cordyol C (13), ( R)-mevalonolactone (14), and 4-methyl-5,6-dihydropyren-2-one (15). These isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Among them, compounds 1 to 3 and 13 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 3.9, 33.8, 11.5, and 19.8 μM, respectively, with the positive control (tacrine) of 0.5 μM.
Infective endocarditis caused by Gemella haemolysans in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve: A case report
Authors: Dini Gianluca , Verrotti Alberto , Girella Elisabetta , De Angelis Francesca , Sardone Mariagrazia , Gorello Paolo , Arcioni Francesco
Published: November 2023

Gemella haemolysans is a gram-positive coccus, and commensal of the upper respiratory tract and oral mucosa. In rare cases, it has been identified as an opportunistic pathogen in the development of endocarditis. Here, we describe a case of Gemella haemolysans endocarditis in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve. A 14-year-old male presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of intermittent fever. Gemella haemolysans was isolated from the patient’s blood cultures. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis and a pseudoaneurysm of the mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with pseudoaneurysm of the mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa repair and remained symptom-free during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical pathogens as causative agents of infective endocarditis.
A late presentation of acute iatrogenic aortic dissection following percutaneous coronary intervention: A case report
Authors: Danushka PGN , Jayasinghe R , Munsinghe M
Published: November 2023

Acute iatrogenic aortic dissection following percutaneous coronary intervention is a rare but sinister cause of post-procedure morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis increases the mortality significantly. We present a case of a 52-year-old male who presented with an iatrogenic aortic dissection following percutaneous coronary intervention for an inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Although the diagnosis was initially missed by conventional imaging for a period of 5 months, it was later diagnosed assisted by cardiac computed tomography. The patient underwent aortic repair with a Dacron graft and had an uneventful recovery. The case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and selection of appropriate imaging for this rare but serious iatrogenic sequel following percutaneous coronary intervention to minimize morbidity.
Adult Cervical Deformity Patients Have Higher Baseline Frailty, Disability, and Comorbidities Compared With Complex Adult Thoracolumbar Deformity Patients: A Comparative Cohort Study of 616 Patients
Authors: Smith Justin S. , Kelly Michael P. , Buell Thomas J , Ben-Israel David , Diebo Bassel , Scheer Justin K , Line Breton , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Klineberg Eric , Kim Han Jo , Passias Peter , Gum Jeffrey L. , Kebaish Khal , Mullin Jeffrey P. , Eastlack Robert , Daniels Alan , Soroceanu Alex , Mundis Gregory , Hostin Richard , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Gupta Munish , Lewis Stephen J. , Schwab Frank J. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Burton Douglas , Ames Christopher P. , Bess Shay ,   On Behalf of the International Spine Study Group
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Multicenter comparative cohort.

Objective

Studies have shown markedly higher rates of complications and all-cause mortality following surgery for adult cervical deformity (ACD) compared with adult thoracolumbar deformity (ATLD), though the reasons for these differences remain unclear. Our objectives were to compare baseline frailty, disability, and comorbidities between ACD and complex ATLD patients undergoing surgery.

Methods

Two multicenter prospective adult spinal deformity registries were queried, one ATLD and one ACD. Baseline clinical and frailty measures were compared between the cohorts.

Results

616 patients were identified (107 ACD and 509 ATLD). These groups had similar mean age (64.6 vs 60.8 years, respectively, P = .07). ACD patients were less likely to be women (51.9% vs 69.5%, P < .001) and had greater Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.5 vs .9, P < .001) and ASA grade (2.7 vs 2.4, P < .001). ACD patients had worse VR-12 Physical Component Score (PCS, 25.7 vs 29.9, P < .001) and PROMIS Physical Function Score (33.3 vs 35.3, P = .031). All frailty measures were significantly worse for ACD patients, including hand dynamometer (44.6 vs 55.6 lbs, P < .001), CSHA Clinical Frailty Score (CFS, 4.0 vs 3.2, P < .001), and Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS, 5.15 vs 3.21, P < .001). Greater proportions of ACD patients were frail (22.9% vs 5.7%) or vulnerable (15.6% vs 10.9%) based on EFS ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Compared with ATLD patients, ACD patients had worse baseline characteristics on all measures assessed (comorbidities/disability/frailty). These differences may help account for greater risk of complications and all-cause mortality previously observed in ACD patients and facilitate strategies for better preoperative optimization.
Management of Hand and Wrist Injuries in NCAA Division I Football Players From a Single Institution: Factors Associated With Epidemiology, Surgical Intervention, and Return to Play
Authors: Bougioukli Sofia , Bolia Ioanna K. , Mayfield Cory K. , Nicholson Luke T. , Weber Alexander E. , Bashrum Bryan S. , Romano Russell , Tibone James E. , Shin Steven , Gamradt Seth C.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Upper extremity injuries account for approximately 16.9% of football injuries in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Purpose:

To determine the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of hand/wrist injuries in collegiate football athletes so as to identify factors associated with surgical intervention and delayed return to play (RTP).

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed hand/wrist injuries that occurred within a single NCAA Division I football team from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2020. Data analyzed included player position, college seniority, injury characteristics, injury management, surgical procedures performed, and timing of RTP. A univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with increased risk for surgical intervention and delayed (>21 days) RTP after hand and wrist injury in this cohort.

Results:

Overall, 124 patients with 168 hand/wrist injuries were identified (9.9 wrist/hand injuries per year). Sprain of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) was the most common diagnosis (19.6%). Surgery was required in 22% of injuries, with injury of the UCL of the thumb MCP joint (8/37) being the most common indication. Injuries occurring during competitive games (odds ratio = 4.29; 95% CI, 1.2-15.9) were associated with an increased risk for surgery. Most (70%) injuries did not lead to time missed from football, whereas the remaining 30% resulted in an average of 33 ± 36 days missed.

Conclusion:

Over 17 athletic seasons, the annual incidence of hand and wrist injury in these NCAA Division I football players was 9.9 injuries per year, with 22% requiring surgical treatment. Injury to the UCL of the thumb MCP joint was the most common injury and indication for surgery, and 30% of injuries resulted in approximately 1 month lost. Injuries sustained in games were associated with operative management and delayed RTP.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of the Snyder and Expanded SLAP Classification System: A Video Study
Authors: Hahn Alexander K. , Holmberg Kyle , Hammarstedt Jon E. , Philp Frances , DeMeo Patrick , Lai Vince J. , Kindya Michael Christopher , Paci James Michael , Farrow Lutul D. , Vardiabasis Nicolas , Nye Darin , Frey Steven , Moutzouros Vasilios , Purnell Gregory J. , Wang Patrick , Vaccariello Michael , Schweizer Scott K. , Phillips Dennis J. , Frank Darren A. , Akhavan Sam
Published: November 2023

Background:

Superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears are a common finding in overhead athletes. The original classification system produced by Snyder in 1990 contained 4 types of SLAP tears and was later expanded to 10 types. The classification has been challenging because of inconsistencies between surgeons making diagnoses and treatments based on the diagnosis. Furthermore, patient factors—such as age and sports played—affect the treatment algorithms, even across similarly classified SLAP tears.

Purpose:

To (1) assess the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Snyder and expanded SLAP (ESLAP) classification systems and (2) determine the consistency of treatment for a given SLAP tear depending on different clinical scenarios.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 20 arthroscopic surgical videos and magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with SLAP tears were sent to 20 orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons at various stages of training. Surgeons were asked to identify the type of SLAP tear using the Snyder and ESLAP classifications. Surgeons were then asked to determine the treatment for a SLAP tear using 4 clinical scenarios: (1) in the throwing arm of an 18-year-old pitcher; (2) in the dominant arm of an 18-year-old overhead athlete; (3) a 35-year-old overhead athlete; (4) or a 50-year-old overhead athlete. Responses were recorded, and the cases were shuffled and sent back 6 weeks after the initial responses. Results were then analyzed using the Fleiss kappa coefficient (κ) to determine interobserver and intraobserver degrees of agreement.

Results:

There was moderate intraobserver reliability in both the Snyder and ESLAP classifications (κ = 0.52) and fair interobserver reliability for both classification systems (Snyder, κ = 0.31; ESLAP, κ = 0.30; P < .0001) among all surgeons. Additionally, there was only fair agreement (κ = 0.30; P < .0001) for the treatment modalities chosen by the reviewers for each case.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that SLAP tears remain a challenging problem for orthopaedic surgeons in diagnostics and treatment plans. Therefore, care should be taken in the preoperative discussion with the patient to consider all the possible treatment options because this may affect the postoperative recovery period and patient expectations.
Spatial Distribution and Epidemiological Factors of Brucellosis in Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Habibzadeh Shahram , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Mohamadshahi Jafar , Abishvand Javad , Nakhostin Babak
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world that infects humans directly through contaminated livestock or indirectly through animal products and induces high medical and economic damage annually.

Objective

Using geographic information system (GIS) software to determine the hot spots of brucellosis and the spatial correlation and type of disease distribution.

Methods

We extracted the incidence cases of the disease from 2016 to 2020 in this retrospective cross-sectional study using the disease registration system of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The interpolation method (IDW) was employed for spatial analysis and disease distribution and determination of hotspot points, Moran I and General G analysis were used to determine spatial autocorrelation at a significant level ( P < 0.05). GIS software 10.4.1 was applied to determine areas.

Results

2679 cases of brucellosis were diagnosed in the province during the study that 96.97% were Iranian, 2.95% Azerbaijani, and 0.08% were Iraqi. 40.5% of patients were female and 59.5% were male. The highest number of infected cases was reported in 2020 with 29.2% and the lowest number was reported in 2016 with 16%. Rural areas had a high prevalence in terms of distribution and the north of Aslanduz and the central part of Sarein were determined as two significant rural areas of the disease. The trend of disease was increasing from east to west of the province.

Conclusion

Brucellosis is very widespread in rural areas in Ardabil Province. Ardabil University of Medical Sciences is required to take practical and educational measures to control this disease in high-risk centers. It is expected to take measures in order to educate villagers.
Faith, bordering and modern slavery: A UK case study
Authors: Waite Louise , Lewis Hannah , Murray Rebecca , Tomalin Emma
Published: November 2023

In this paper we consider the imbrication of UK immigration and border controls into support environments of the anti-modern slavery sphere. We draw on the findings of a 3.5 years ESRC-funded study to explore how the increasingly strident government anti-migrant agenda - broadly seen in the ‘hostile environment’, a culture of disbelief and an overarching preeminence of border controls over human rights protections - is percolating into care providers in the modern slavery sector. Bordering in this sector has not had the same level of scrutiny as within the asylum sector, yet is a particularly interesting site to explore due to the confluence of caring and control impulses. The fresh insight we bring to this context is a focus on the notable presence of faith-based organisations in this sphere. We consider the implications of the relationships between faith, support and bordering - both for those subjected to immigration controls, and those working inextricably within them to support individuals exiting exploitation.
Logistics of unfreedom: The labour trafficking of Venezuelan truck drivers in Brazil
Authors: Portes Virginio Francis , Ferreira Lívia dos Santos
Published: November 2023

This article examines the trafficking of Venezuelan truck drivers for labour exploitation in Brazil. The remilitarisation of politics is increasingly a hallmark of elite-driven strategies to manage the circulation of labour and goods from extractive zones. This article introduces the notion of logistics of unfreedom to explain the growing imbrication between techniques of control by the state and corporations that confine the reproduction of migrants within the realm of logistics processes. The analysis focuses on data from participatory observations and the narratives of 22 Venezuelan refugees who were trafficked from a militarised humanitarian zone in Brazil's Amazon to work for a freight road transport company in Southern Brazil. Findings show that a concerted logistic approach to refugee employment channelled mobility, constrained statutory protection and shaped the ethno-political differentiation of Venezuelans in the labour market. This forced Venezuelans to live in trucks where both productive and socially reproductive aspects of their daily lives were overdetermined by the rhythms of goods distribution. The article concludes that this logistic rationale has converged towards a self-contained regime of labour unfreedom that facilitates the labour trafficking of Venezuelan refugees.
The Clean Hands of Populism: The Paradox of the Italian “Tangentopoli”
Authors: Scalia Vincenzo
Published: November 2023

The corruption scandal of Tangentopoli broke out in Italy in early 1992, playing a capital role in the re-shaping of Italian politics and economics. The claim for legality boosted those reforms that turned the Italian political system from a parliamentary regime to a de facto presidential state. Under the quest for legality, it was also possible to dismantle the active state participation in the country’s economy, so as to also practice in Italy the neo-liberal roll back of the state. Tangentopoli is also characterized by the paradoxical aspect of boosting penal populism. Despite corruption concerned both the political and the entrepreneurial spheres, no meaningful anti-corruption law was passed after 1992.
Understanding Barriers and Strategies to Accessing Healthy Food in Urban Agriculture for Community Residents in Predominantly Black Communities
Authors: Lofton Saria , Martin Akilah , Kersten Marjorie , Lubimbi Nanyombi , Vilme Helene , Avorgbedor Forgive , Odoms-Young Angela
Published: November 2023

Background

Some residents in predominantly Black communities face significant challenges in accessing healthy food. However, urban agriculture is a growing sector that aims to increase overall food production, access to affordable and nutritious produce, and potentially improve community food security.

Purpose

This study aimed to provide insight into barriers and strategies that urban agriculture growers and advocates identified for accessing urban agriculture markets in their communities.

Research Design and Study Sample

We interviewed and conducted focus groups with 17 urban growers and local food advocates that work in predominantly Black communities in Chicago.

Data Collection and/or Analysis

Understanding the complexities of access to healthy food can be challenging; therefore, we used the concept of access – accessibility, availability, affordability, accommodation, and acceptability – to better understand these barriers.

Results

Key barriers were the lack of accessibility to traditional food retailers, high availability of processed foods, and cultural acceptability of urban-produced foods.

Conclusion

Building urban agriculture networks to support growers, connect with consumers, and emphasize political engagement can help to diversify and grow urban agriculture.
Analytical fragility relation for buried cast iron pipelines with lead-caulked joints based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhao Ning , Li Dian-Qing , Gu Shi-Xiang , Du Wenqi
Published: November 2023

A new numerical-based fragility relation for cast iron (CI) pipelines with lead-caulked joints subjected to seismic body-wave propagation is proposed in this article. Two-dimensional 1600-m-length finite element models for pipelines buried in sand are developed in OpenSees. Parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence of various parameters on the damage estimates of the buried pipelines. Numerical analyses are conducted to estimate the repair rates ( RR) for CI pipelines subjected to wave propagation. The predictive model for RR is thus developed based on the numerical results and the Gaussian Process Regression approach. The model developed employs four predictor variables, namely, the peak particle velocity and wave propagation velocity along axial direction, the maximum soil shear force per unit length, and the outer diameter of pipelines, exhibiting desirable performance in terms of predictive efficiency and generalization. The performance of the developed relation is compared to several existing fragility relations. The new fragility relation can be used to estimate RR for CI pipelines with lead-caulked joints with outer diameters ranging from 169 to 1554 mm subjected to seismic body-wave propagation.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the deep-sea snail Phymorhynchus buccinoides provides insights into the adaptation to the cold seep habitat
Authors: Liu Zhaoqun , Huang Yuting , Chen Hao , Liu Chang , Wang Minxiao , Bian Chao , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: November 2023

Background

The deep-sea snail Phymorhynchus buccinoides belongs to the genus Phymorhynchus (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae), and it is a dominant specie in the cold seep habitat. As the environment of the cold seep is characterized by darkness, hypoxia and high concentrations of toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), exploration of the diverse fauna living around cold seeps will help to uncover the adaptive mechanisms to this unique habitat. In the present study, a chromosome-level genome of P. buccinoides was constructed and a series of genomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore its molecular adaptation mechanisms to the cold seep environments.

Results

The assembled genome size of the P. buccinoides was approximately 2.1 Gb, which is larger than most of the reported snail genomes, possibly due to the high proportion of repetitive elements. About 92.0% of the assembled base pairs of contigs were anchored to 34 pseudo‐chromosomes with a scaffold N50 size of 60.0 Mb. Compared with relative specie in the shallow water, the glutamate regulative and related genes were expanded in P. buccinoides, which contributes to the acclimation to hypoxia and coldness. Besides, the relatively high mRNA expression levels of the olfactory/chemosensory genes in osphradium indicate that P. buccinoides might have evolved a highly developed and sensitive olfactory organ for its orientation and predation. Moreover, the genome and transcriptome analyses demonstrate that P. buccinoides has evolved a sulfite-tolerance mechanism by performing H2S detoxification. Many genes involved in H2S detoxification were highly expressed in ctenidium and hepatopancreas, suggesting that these tissues might be critical for H2S detoxification and sulfite tolerance.

Conclusions

In summary, our report of this chromosome-level deep-sea snail genome provides a comprehensive genomic basis for the understanding of the adaptation strategy of P. buccinoides to the extreme environment at the deep-sea cold seeps.
Abstracts of randomized controlled trials in pediatric dentistry: reporting quality and spin
Authors: Guo Feiyang , Ye Wengwanyue , Qin Danchen , Fang Xiaolin , Hua Fang , He Hong
Published: November 2023

Background

Abstracts provide readers a concise and readily accessible information of the trials. However, poor reporting quality and spin (misrepresentation of research findings) can lead to an overestimation in trial validity. This methodological study aimed to assess the reporting quality and spin among randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts in pediatric dentistry.

Methods

We hand-searched RCTs in five leading pediatric dental journals between 2015 and 2021. Reporting quality in each abstract was assessed using the original 16-item CONSORT for abstracts checklist. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with reporting quality. We evaluated the presence and characteristics of spin only in abstracts of parallel-group RCTs with nonsignificant primary outcomes according to pre-determined spin strategies.

Results

One hundred eighty-two abstracts were included in reporting quality evaluation. The mean overall quality score was 4.57 (SD, 0.103; 95% CI, 4.36–4.77; score range, 1–10). Only interventions, objective, and conclusions were adequately reported. Use of flow diagram (P < 0.001) was the only significant factor of higher reporting quality. Of the 51 RCT abstracts included for spin analysis, spin was identified in 40 abstracts (78.4%), among which 23 abstracts (45.1%) had spin in the Results section and 39 in the Conclusions Sect. (76.5%).

Conclusions

The reporting quality of RCT abstracts in pediatric dentistry is suboptimal and the prevalence of spin is high. Joint efforts are needed to improve reporting quality and minimize spin.
The associations of osteoporosis and possible sarcopenia with disability, nutrition, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Chou Yin-Yi , Lin Cheng-Fu , Lee Yu-Shan , Weng Shuo‑Chun , Kuo Fu-Hsuan , Hsu Chiann-Yi , Lin Shih-Yi
Published: November 2023

Background

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia, respectively, have detrimental impact on health, and combination of both conditions, termed osteosarcopenia, is becoming an increasingly important disorder in older adults as populations age. This study aimed to explore the relationship between osteoporosis and possible sarcopenia and their joint effect on physical performance, nutritional status, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This study was conducted at a medical center in Taiwan, which included the adjacent community care station. The participants were recruited through regular activities at the community care station between January 01, 2015 and February 28, 2022. During the study period, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and comprehensive geriatric assessment consisting of comorbidity burden, functional status, cognition, mood, and nutritional status were performed during the study period. Possible sarcopenia was identified utilizing the criteria set by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in 2019 using the criteria of low muscle strength alone, and osteoporosis was defined by the World Health Organization criteria. Accordingly, the study subjects were divided into four groups: normal, only osteoporosis, only possible sarcopenia, and possible osteosarcopenia.

Results

There were 337 participants (68.6% female) with a median age of 78.0 years (interquartile range: 71.0–85.0 y/o). According to the clinical definition of osteosarcopenia, 78 participants were normal, 69 participants showed possible sarcopenia, 61 participants had osteoporosis, and 129 had osteoporosis with possible sarcopenia. Among the four groups, the prevalence rates of chronic illness, functional capacity, physical performance, cognitive impairment, and malnutrition revealed statistically significant differences. Using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the other covariates, osteoporosis with possible sarcopenia was associated with an increased odds ratio of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that compared to osteoporosis or possible sarcopenia alone, osteoporosis with possible sarcopenia was more likely to be associated with cognitive impairment. Early identification and targeted interventions for cognitive impairment in older adults with osteosarcopenia may be valuable in maintaining cognitive well-being and overall quality of life.
A comparative analysis of cycle threshold (Ct) values from Cobas4800 and AmpFire HPV assay for triage of women with positive hrHPV results
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Wei , Du Hui , Qu Xinfeng , Chen Yun , Wang Jianliu , Wu Ruifang
Published: November 2023

Background

To compare the triage performance of HPV viral loads reflected by cycle threshold values (CtV) from two different HPV testing assays: the PCR based Cobas4800 and the isothermal amplification based AmpFire assay.

Methods

We used the data from a sub-study of The Chinese Multi-Center Screening Trial and analyzed the data of the cases positive in both Cobas4800 and AmpFire assays with recorded CtV. Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the association between CtV from AmpFire and Cobas4800 assays, as well as the correlation between CtV and the histological lesion grades. The 50th percentile of CtV was used as the cutoff to construct triage algorithms for HPV-positive cases. McNemar’s test was used to analyze the differences in sensitivity and specificity for detecting CIN2 + and CIN3 + in different triage algorithms.

Results

Four hundred forty-six HPV positive women who had consistent HPV results from Cobas4800 and AmpFire in terms of the HPV genotype and reported Ct values were included in the analysis. The mean CtV of hrHPV tested by Cobas4800 and AmpFire were linear correlated. Direct association were showed between the severity of cervical lesions and the HPV viral loads reflected by CtV of hrHPV, HPV16, non-16/18 hrHPV and A9 group from both assays. HPV16/18 genotyping combined with low-CtV for non-16/18 hrHPV, especially A9 group, were demonstrated to be satisfactory in the sensitivity and specificity for detecting CIN2 + or CIN3 + .

Conclusion

Ct value represented a good triage marker in both PCR-based and isothermal amplification HPV detection.
Subcategorization of suspicious non-mass-like enhancement lesions(BI-RADS-MRI Category4)
Authors: Liu Dandan , Ba Zhaogui , Gao Yan , Wang Linhong
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aims to providing a reliable method that has good compliance and is easy to master to improve the accuracy of NMLE diagnosis.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 122 cases of breast non-mass-like enhancement (NMLE) lesions confirmed by postoperative histology. MRI features and clinical features of benign and malignant non-mass enhancement breast lesions were compared by using independent sample t test, χ2test and Fisher exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant parameters were then included in logistic regression analysis to build a multiparameter differential diagnosis modelto subdivide the BI-RADS Category 4.

Results

The distribution (odds ratio (OR) = 8.70), internal enhancement pattern (OR = 6.29), ADC value (OR = 5.56), and vascular sign (OR = 2.84) of the lesions were closely related to the benignity and malignancy of the lesions. These signs were used to build the MRI multiparameter model for differentiating benign and malignant non-mass enhancement breast lesions. ROC analysis revealed that its optimal diagnostic cut-off value was 5. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were 87.01% and 82.22%, respectively. Lesions with 1–6 points were considered BI-RADS category 4 lesions, and the positive predictive values of subtypes 4a, 4b, and 4c lesions were15.79%, 31.25%, and 77.78%, respectively.

Conclusions

Comprehensively analyzing the features of MRI of non-mass enhancement breast lesions and building the multiparameter differential diagnosis model could improve the differential diagnostic performance of benign and malignant lesions.
MRI-based measurements of spondylolisthesis and kyphosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: de Dios Eddie , Laesser Mats , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M. , Lindhagen Lars , MacDowall Anna
Published: November 2023

Background

To provide normative data and to determine accuracy and reliability of preoperative measurements of spondylolisthesis and kyphosis on supine static magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Methods

T2-weighted midsagittal images of the cervical spine were in 100 cases reviewed twice by one junior observer, with an interval of 3 months, and once by a senior observer. The spondylolisthesis slip (SSlip, mm) and the modified K-line interval (mK-line INT, mm) were assessed for accuracy with the standard error of measurement (SEm) and the minimum detectable change (MDC). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability levels were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The SEm was 0.5 mm (95% CI 0.4–0.6) for spondylolisthesis and 0.6 mm (95% CI 0.5–0.7) for kyphosis. The MDC, i.e., the smallest difference between two examinations that can be detected with statistical certainty, was 1.5 mm (95% CI 1.2–1.8) for spondylolisthesis and 1.6 mm (95% CI 1.3–1.8) for kyphosis. The highest reliability levels were seen between the second observation of the junior examiner and the senior observer (ICC = 0.80 [95% CI 0.70–0.87] and ICC = 0.96 [95% CI 0.94–0.98] for SSlip and mK-line INT, respectively).

Conclusions

This study provides normative values of alignment measurements of spondylolisthesis and kyphosis in DCM patients. It further shows the importance of taking measurement errors into account when defining cut-off values for cervical deformity parameters and their potential clinical application in surgical decision-making.
Emergency contraceptive knowledge and associated factors among abortion experienced reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using EDHS 2016 data
Authors: Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn
Published: November 2023

Background

Emergency contraceptives (EC) are used to avoid unintended pregnancy, hence avoiding its incidence and its effects. In Ethiopia, emergency contraception is commonly accessible, especially in the big cities. However, there is virtually little understanding of or awareness of EC and Ethiopia has a high abortion rate. Therefore this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors for emergency contraceptive knowledge in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study was based on secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A total weighted sample of 1236 reproductive age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of emergency contraceptive knowledge. Statistical significance was determined using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval.

Results

Overall magnitude of emergency contraceptive knowledge was observed to be 17.19% (95% CI: 15.18, 19.40) with intra-class correlation (ICC) 57% and median odds ratio (MOR) 6.4 in the null model. Women’s age 25–34 (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.5), and 35–49 (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.3), secondary and above educational level (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.19, 4.88), media exposure (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.56, 5.64), Being in metropolitan region (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.46, 4.74), and women being in urban area (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.23) were associated with emergency contraceptive knowledge.

Conclusion

Emergency contraceptive knowledge in this study was low. Women age, educational level, media exposure, residency, and region were significantly associated with emergency contraceptive knowledge. Therefore, to enhance understanding and use of ECs in the current Ethiopian setting, it is imperative to ensure exposure to EC information, particularly in rural regions.
Management strategies for acute cholecystitis in late pregnancy: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yi Huiming , Cai Ming , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aims to investigate the management strategies for acute cholecystitis in the third trimester of pregnancy by comparing the effectiveness of three different treatments.

Methods

Clinical data of 102 patients with acute cholecystitis in third trimester of pregnancy admitted to three Tertiary Hospitals from January 2010 to June 2020 were collected and divided into 3 groups according to the primary treatment during their first hospitalization: Group A (surgical group; n = 11), Group B (percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) group, n = 29) and Group C (conservative treatment group, n = 62). The length of stay, readmission rate, and preterm delivery rate of each group were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The average age of patients included in this study was 29 ± 2.16 years with an average gestational cycle of 35.26 ± 1.02 weeks. The readmission rates of patients in groups A, B, and C were 9.09%, 24.14%, and 58.06%; the preterm delivery rates were 9.09%, 3.45%, and 12.90%; and the length of stay was 4.02 ± 1.02 days, 12.53 ± 2.21 days, and 11.22 ± 2.09 days, respectively. The readmission rate was lower in group A than in groups B and C, the preterm delivery rate was lower in group B than in groups A and C, and the length of stay was shorter in group A than in groups B and C (all with statistically significant differences, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with acute cholecystitis in late pregnancy need to be appropriately graded for severity and offered a sound treatment strategy after a thorough assessment of the condition while taking into account the willingness of the patients. For patients with mild severity, conservative treatment can be adopted; for patients with moderate or severe inflammation, PTGD can be performed first for symptom control, and wait till after delivery for surgery to be considered; and in some cases of critical condition and poor symptom control, surgical intervention should be promptly performed.
Anti-microbial and anti-cancer efficacy of acetone extract of Rosa chinensis against resistant strain and lung cancer cell line
Authors: Kuppusamy Kalaivani Madhavaram , Selvaraj Sivakumar , Singaravelu Pujithaa , John Cordelia Mano , Racheal Kalaiselvan , Varghese Keziaann , Kaliyamoorthy Dinesh , Perumal Elumalai , Gunasekaran Krishnamoorthy
Published: November 2023

Background

Screening of herbal plants for various therapeutic properties is the hour as it shows promising activity. Scientific evidence of the pharmacological activity of the plant strengthens the traditional application of plants.

Methods

Rose flowers (Rosa chinensis) were procured and grounded into a coarse powder. The DNA was isolated from rose flower and molecular identification was performed by rbcL-BF and rbcL-724R primers. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods and the anti-cancer effect of the rose flower extract (RE) was examined using MTT assay in lung cancer cell line. The mechanism of cell death induced by RE was qualitatively measured using Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide staining and Hoechst staining. GC-MS analysis was performed using GC-MS-5975C.

Result

The RE showed potent antimicrobial activity against various ATCC cultures. The rose extract strongly inhibits the growth of ESBL resistant organism along with inhibition of biofilm formation in the ESBL resistant organism. The extract caused apoptotic and necrotic cell death in lung cancer cells. GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of several biologically active compounds such as Clindamycin, Phytol, Octanoic acid, and Stigmasterol which might be the reason for the therapeutic properties of the plant.

Conclusion

This study shows the antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity against the clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia. The study shows the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity in A549 cancer cell line. Thus, the plant may act as a potent antimicrobial drug against resistant strains.
Lysine lactylation (Kla) might be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer
Authors: Deng Jian , Liao Xinyi
Published: November 2023

Background

Histone lysine lactylation (Kla) is a newly identified histone modification, which plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Hence, we determined the prognostic value of Kla in breast cancer (BC).

Methods

We obtained RNA expression profiles of BC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), following screening out Kla-specific genes. Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of Kla by constructing a cox model based on Kla-specific genes. Subsequently, we identified expression of lactate accumulation-related genes and prognostic Kla-specific genes through Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and further performed a correlation analysis based on their expression. Meanwhile, we explored the effects of Kla on BC tumor microenvironment (TME), drug therapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, we predicted the pathways influenced by Kla via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results

A total of 1073 BC samples and 112 normal controls were obtained from TCGA, and 23 tumor samples were removed owing to inadequate clinical information. We identified 257 differentially expressed Kla-specific genes (DEKlaGs) in BC. A cox model involved with CCR7, IGFBP6, NDUFAF6, OVOL1 and SDC1 was established, and risk score could be visualized as an independent biomarker for BC. Meanwhile, Kla was remarkably associated with BC immune microenvironment, drug therapy and immunotherapy. Kla was identified to be related to activation of various BC-related KEGG pathways.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Kla contributes to drug resistance and undesirable immune responses, and plays a crucial role in BC prognosis, suggesting that Kla was expected to be a new therapeutic target for BC.
Low cholesterol efflux capacity and abnormal lipoprotein particles in youth with type 1 diabetes: a case control study
Authors: Gourgari Evgenia , Playford Martin P. , Campia Umberto , Dey Amit K. , Cogen Fran , Gubb-Weiser Stephanie , Mete Mihriye , Desale Sameer , Sampson Maureen , Taylor Allen , Rother Kristina I. , Remaley Alan T. , Mehta Nehal N.
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have increased mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors for CVD include an elevation of LDL (LDLp) and small HDL (sHDLp) particles, and a decrease in reverse cholesterol transport i.e. HDL-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). Our objective was to compare lipoprotein particles and CEC between T1DM and healthy controls (HC) and to explore the associations between NMR lipid particles and cholesterol efflux.

Methods

78 patients with T1DM and 59 HC underwent fasting lipoprotein profile testing by NMR and measurements of CEC by cell-based method. The associations between NMR lipid particles with CEC were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models.

Results

Youth with T1DM had higher total LDLp 724 [(563–985) vs 622 (476–794) nmol/L (P = 0.011)] (Maahs et al. in Circulation 130(17):1532–58, 2014; Shah et al. in Pediatr Diabetes 16(5):367–74, 2015), sHDLp [11.20 (5.7–15.3) vs 7.0 (3.2–13.1) μmol/L (P = 0.021)], and lower medium HDLp [11.20 (8.5–14.5) vs 12.3 (9–19.4), (P = 0.049)] and lower CEC (0.98 ± 0.11% vs 1.05 ± 0.15%, P = 0.003) compared to HC. Moreover, CEC correlated with sHDLp (β = − 0.28, P = 0.045) and large HDLp (β = 0.46, P < 0.001) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, BMIz, HbA1c, hsCRP and total HDLp in the diabetic cohort.

Conclusions

Youth with T1DM demonstrated a more atherogenic profile including higher sHDL and LDLp and lower CEC. Future efforts should focus on considering adding lipoprotein particles and CEC in CVD risk stratification of youth with T1DM.

Trial registration Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT02275091