bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bảo đảm an ninh kinh tế trong giai đoạn khủng hoảng tài chính toàn cầu
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Cơn bão tài chính toàn cầu năm 2008 đã “quét” qua nhiều quốc gia và châu lục, không những làm sụp đổ nhiều tổ chức tài chính lớn, nhỏ với hàng trăm năm tuổi, mà còn kéo theo quy mô phá sản cấp quốc gia (Iceland). Song cơn bão này chưa hề có dấu hiệu suy giảm, và không ai biết nó còn kéo dài bao lâu, không ai có thể lường hết được sức công phá của nó. Nhanh chóng thực thi một số biện pháp nhằm bảo đảm an ninh kinh tế trong giai đoạn này là việc thực sự cấp bách đối với mỗi quốc gia hiện nay.
Mongah Belajar Nilai Hidup Dari Manusia Pakis
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda
Published: February 2021

In Bunutin, a village on the edge of the Batur caldera, Kintamani, lives Mongah, the fern man. Every two years he dances wildly, becoming a manifestation of human arrogance. For a long time he served as a reminder to the Bunutin people not to repeat the same fatal mistakes that their ancestors had made in the past. Not many know where he came from. Every time he appeared and danced, the children were afraid and ran, but his presence was always eagerly awaited in the temple court. There, the elders prepare with their stories of the past being eroded at the edge of civilization. The cadets inherited his grace, and the mothers whispered to the children about Mongah's hideous faces. In the picturesque village of Bunutin, Mongah has guarded them from calamities for hundreds of years, —the greatest calamities born of human pride.
Biological Correlates Of Machine Learning
Authors: Kruberg Walter Gordon
Published: February 2021

The greatest successes of artificial intelligence are intelligent machines founded on models of how neurons interact with each other. In creating these models, machine-learning modelers divide intelligent behavior into separate learning and operating experiences: training and inference. We, the public, see machine-learning engines while they are operating, in inference mode, as they interpret our requests and images. To make them operational, their neural nets are trained using algorithms that are widely tested, optimized, and which even compete against each other regularly. The most successful training algorithms use back-propagation to train their neural networks.What has been learned about intelligence from these models is largely absent in biological models: that creating the memories underlying intelligent behavior occurs independently of network operations and requires network-level functions. This paper recasts memory research in the context of those two requirements and outlines novel biological correlates for training and inference modes, vector spaces and error terms. Specific biological machinery is identified as holding the key to understanding memory creation: the operation of tripartite synapses and how astrocytes act as normalization operators to manage synaptic plasticity.
Limits: Revised
Authors: Renner Alexa
Published: February 2021

For the proposed method to work, one must eliminate all constants in the equation (if the equation has any). If there are functions of the same type (ex., trigonometric functions). Then, for functions of different powers, one may take the exponent down and take its factorial. If there is such a function such as x^3, the function can be re-written as 3!x. If there is a power much higher than the other powers in the function, be wary of divergence. Finally, one must put all remaining analytical functions to their limit (or in the case of zero, 1) multiplied by any coefficients.
Sinh hoạt khoa học với Hội đồng Khoa học các ban Đảng
Authors: Pape Helpe
Published: February 2021

Nhận lời mời của Tổng thư ký Hội đồng Lý luận Trung ương, trực thuộc Ban chấp hành Trung ương Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam, TS. Vương Quân Hoàng đã có sinh hoạt khoa học và lý luận triết lý khoa học trong khuôn khổ các hoạt động của Hội đồng khoa học các ban Đảng.
Effective hard-sphere model of diffusion in aqueous polymer solutions
Authors: Peppin Stephen
Published: February 2021

An effective hard-sphere model of the diffusion and cross-diffusion of salt in unentangled polymer solutions is developed. Given the viscosity, sedimentation coefficient and osmotic pressure of the polymer, the model predicts the diffusion and cross-diffusion coefficients as functions of the polymer concentration and molecular weight. The results are compared with experimental data on NaCl diffusion in aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions, showing good agreement at polymer molecular weights up to 400\,g/L. At higher molecular weights the model becomes less accurate, likely because of the effects of entanglement. The tracer Fickian diffusivity can be written in the form of a Stokes-Einstein equation containing the solution viscosity. For NaCl diffusion in polyethylene glycol solutions, the Stokes-Einstein equation breaks down as the polymer size increases. Using Batchelor's viscous correction factor to determine an effective viscosity experienced by the salt ions within the polymer matrix leads to much closer agreement with experiment.
Recursive partitioning imputation versus full information maximum likelihood in finite mixture modeling
Authors: Waldman Marcus Richard , Masyn Katherine E.
Published: February 2021

It is well established that omitting important variables that are related to the propensity for missingness can lead to biased parameter estimates and invalid inference. Nevertheless, researchers conducting a person-centered analysis ubiquitously adopt a full information maximum likelihood (FIML) approach to treat missing data in a manner that assumes the missingness is only related to the observed indicators and is not related to any external variables. Such an assumption is generally considered overly restrictive in the behavioral sciences where the data are observational in nature. At the same time, previous research has discouraged the adoption of multiple imputation to treat missing data in person-centered analyses because traditional imputation models make a single-class assumption and do not reflect the multiple group structure of data with latent subpopulations (Enders & Gottschall, 2011). However, more modern imputation models that rely on recursive partitioning do not impose a single-class structure to the data. Focusing on latent profile analysis, we demonstrate in simulations that in samples of N = 1,200 or greater, recursive partitioning imputation algorithms can effectively incorporate external information from auxiliary variables to attenuate nonresponse bias better than FIML and multivariate normal imputation. Moreover, we find that recursive imputation models lead to confidence intervals with adequate coverage and they better recover posterior class probabilities than alternative missing data strategies. Taken together, our findings point to the promise and potential of multiple imputation in person-centered analyses once remaining methodological gaps around pooling and class enumeration are filled.
Historical Change in Midlife Health, Well-Being, and Despair: Cross-Cultural and Socioeconomic Comparisons
Authors: Infurna Frank J , Staben Omar , Lachman Margie E. , Gerstorf Denis
Published: February 2021

Recent empirical evidence has documented that US middle-aged adults today are reporting lower mental and physical health than same-aged peers several decades ago. Individuals who attained fewer years of education have been most vulnerable to these historical changes. One overarching question is whether this phenomenon is confined to the US or whether it is transpiring across other high-income and upper-middle-income nations. To examine this question, we use nationally representative longitudinal panel data from five nations across different continents and cultural backgrounds (US, Australia, Germany, South Korea, and Mexico). Results revealed historical improvements in physical health for people in their 40s and early 50s across all five nations. Conversely, the direction of historical change in mental health vastly differed across nations. Later-born cohorts of US middle-aged adults exhibit worsening mental health and cognition. Australian middle-aged adults also experienced worsening mental health with historical time. In contrast, historical improvements for mental health were observed in Germany, South Korea, and Mexico. For US middle-aged adults, the protective effect of education diminished in later-born cohorts. Consistent across the other nations, individuals with fewer years of education were most vulnerable to historical declines or benefitted the least fromhistorical improvements. We discuss potential reasons underlying similarities and differences between the US and other nations in these historical trends and consider the role of education.
Effect of resistance training exercise combined with high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males
Authors:   Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Sajjapong Wittawas , Leelahagul Preeya ,   Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Pongphibool Sitha ,   Program in Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Thongsuk Narupon ,   Princess Chulabhorn Science High School Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Many underweight males take commercial protein supplements to increase their body weight and build muscle. Nonetheless, commercial protein supplements may cause adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training exercise combined with a high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males. Methods: A repeated measures design study was conducted on nine males aged 12-15 years with low body weight. Energy and protein requirements were calculated, and energy and protein consumptions were measured for each meal during the high protein diet without exercise (HP) period and the high protein diet with resistance exercise (HPE) period. Subjects engaged in three resistance training sessions each week during HP-E period, for eight weeks. Dietary intake, body composition, blood biochemistry, physical fitness, and self-esteem were assessed. Results: In HP-E period, resistance training exercise combined with a high protein intake (2.14 g/kg/d) increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) by 0.5 kg and 0.5 kg, respectively. Resistance training during HP-E period increased arm, leg, and trunk muscle strength by 20.2%, 7.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, more than high protein diet alone during HP period. High protein intake in HP-E period did not affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels (11.0 mg/dL and 0.70 mg/dL, respectively). Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training combined with a high protein diet increased body weight and LTM without adverse effects. In particular, resistance exercise predominantly increased muscle strength. Kidney function was not affected by high protein consumption throughout this study.
Effectiveness of Commonly Used Antibiotics in Combination with Honey Against Bacterial Infection
Authors: Shrestha Niraj , Shrestha Shova , Pokharel Bharat Mani
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The study was carried out to compare the inhibitory effects between commonly used antibiotics and bee honey samples, so as to correlate the inhibitory effects between bee honey alone and in combination with antibiotics.

Methods: This study was carried out between December 2012 to September 2013. A total of one hundred and twenty-two clinical microbiological specimens and five different floral sourced honey samples were collected between December 2012 to September 2013. Twenty-three multi-drug resistant organisms were selected. Then, AST for commonly used antibiotics, honey alone and combination of honey-antibiotics discs was done. The difference in ZOI of antibiotic contrasting with the antibiotics containing honey were statistically analysed to define the synergism.

Results: The inhibition due to honey is variable among bacteria types (F=39.17, p<0.05). From means plot, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter were recognized as highly susceptible bacteria for honey (Χ = 21.1 ± 6.2 mm and Χ = 18.3 ± 3.3 mm respectively) but Acinetobacter species could not show synergism to honey-antibiotic combination. The tested organisms from Enterobacteriaceae family showed effective susceptibility to Chloramphenicol-honey mixture. Imipenem-honey combination and Gentamicin-honey combination showed significant effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusion: Thus, honey can be used in various bacteria-directed infections and found to be effective in various infections. Incorporation of honey in antibiotics like Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, and Gentamicin work better in healing various infection.
Incidence of Intestinal Parasites in Government and Private School Going Children
Authors: Mishra Kritika , Maharjan Freeda , Chitrakar Reshma , Chhetri Nikita , Shrestha Monica , Chaudhary Richa , Chaturwedi Shashi Bhushan
Published: February 2021

Objective: Aim to assess the incidence of intestinal parasites in government and private school going children.

Methods: The work was conducted from October, 2018 to March, 2019 at Microbiology Laboratory of DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur. A total of 100 stool samples of children aged between 5-12 years were collected from both government and private schools situated in Lalitpur metropolitan city, during school hours. The stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites by Saline wet mount; Iodine wet mount and Formal – ether sedimentation technique. The questionnaires accompanying the queries related to the study were filled.

Results: Of the total 100 stool samples examined, intestinal parasites were observed in 7% (7/100) of the total stool samples. Among the positive stool samples, 71% (5/7) of the stool samples were from government school’s children whereas 29% (2/7) were from private school’s children. Fifty seven percentage 57% (4/7) girls and 43% (3/7) boys were found to be infected with intestinal parasite in the tested stool samples. Out of total parasite detected, 57% (4/7) were eggs of Ancylostoma duodenale, 29% (2/7) were eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and 14% (1/7) were cysts of Giardia lamblia. The study indicates that Ancylostoma is the most commonly infecting parasite followed by Ascaris and Giardia.

Conclusion: Personal hygiene and sanitary condition were responsible for the incidence of intestinal parasites in the school going children. Environmental sanitation improvement and health education promotion will be helpful to reduce the parasitic infection rate.
Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheksausbildung an den Universitäten Wien, Graz und Innsbruck in Kooperation mit der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Pum Gabriele , Hörzer Birgit , Rabl-Altrichter Sylvia , Rezniczek Alina , Schneider-Jakob Monika
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Aus- und Fortbildung im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen Österreichs in den Jahren 2019 und 2020.
Digital Intervention for Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Muhibbin Maulana Arif
Published: February 2021

The Systematic Literatur Review aims to reveal kinds of assistive technology that applied to students with a learning disability (LD) in several articles selected through the screening process in 2015-2020. The review was conducted on three online databases, they are ScienceDirect, Sage Journal dan Proquest. There were 7 articles reviewed from a total of 32 obtained from screening inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the analysis of several studies revealed that using digital intervention such as Smartpen, PC, and Smartphone which has had appropriate application, have supported and increased the performance of students with learning disabilities in the area of learning skills. The development of specific digital intervention on students with learning disabilities needs to be applied in future research.
Kebahagiaan yang Dialami Salik
Authors: Sutatminingsih Raras , Fatimah Siti
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan kebahagiaan, dalam hal ini Subjective Well-Being (SWB),  yang dialami salik. Salik adalah seseorang yang sedang menjalankan proses latihan mengosongkan diri dari segala keburukan dan mengisinya dengan kebaikan, dan menjadikan kedekatan dengan Allah sebagai tujuan akhirnya. SWB adalah perasaan yang tercipta dari evaluasi seseorang baik secara kognitif maupun afektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologi dengan responden 3 orang salik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses perjalanan suluk dapat mengantarkan pelakunya kepada kebahagiaan sejati. Gambaran SWB secara kognitif para salik adalah merasa bahagia yang didapat saat para salik bisa melepaskan diri dari ikatan dunia, ketika secara sadar bisa dekat dengan Allah, dan telah melaksanakan tugas-tugas sebagai kholifah di bumi. Gambaran SWB secara afektif para salik adalah mereka merasakan cinta atau dicintai oleh Allah, lebih sering merasakan kebahagiaan daripada kesedihan, bersyukur dengan apa yang dimiliki dan tidak terganggu dengan masalah yang ada.
Minat Kerja, Profesionalisme Konsel dan Kepuasan Kerja Konselor di LPT Grahita Indonesia di Banten
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Ashari Timmi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ataupun korelasi antara minat kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja konselor serta untuk mengetahui hubungan profesionalisme terhadap kepuasan kerja konselor di LPT Grahita Indonesia di Banten. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah konselor LPT Grahita Indonesia di Banten yang berjumlah 50 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah korelasi pearson. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa variabel minat kerja memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja konselor di LPT Grahita Indonesia di Banten, begitu pula dengan variabel profesionalisme yang juga memiliki korelasi terhadap kepuasan kerja konselor di LPT Grahita Indonesia di Banten.  Bila minat kerja semakin tinggi maka kepuasan kerja konselor juga semakin tinggi. Begitu juga dengan variabel profesionalisme, dimana semakin tinggi profesionalisme maka akan semakin tinggi pula kepuasan kerja konselor. Berdasarkan perbandingan mean empirik dan mean hipotetik, diketahui bahwa minat kerja dan profesionalisme konselor berada dalam kategori sedang sehingga kepuasan kerja konselor pun berada di kategori sedang.
Optimalisasi Digital Marketing melalui Facebook Ads di Kelurahan Purwanegara
Authors: Barokah Siti , Wulandari Oryz Agnu Dian , Sari Mulat Triwinoto , Yuditama Ivan Fadhil
Published: February 2021

Saat ini dunia periklanan menggunakan media sosial menjadi salah satu strategi yang dianggap efektif dan efisien untuk melakukan pemasaran secara digital karena dirasa dapat mengurangi anggaran dalam mempublikasikan produk atau jasa. Selain itu, media sosial juga terbukti menjadi media promosi yang ampuh karena interaktif, fleksibel, dan menyajikan fitur-fitur mendukung promosi produk maupun jasa itu sendiri. Salah satu fitur yang ditawarkan oleh Facebook adalah Facebook Ads, yaitu fitur yang ditawarkan oleh Facebook untuk mengiklankan halaman Facebook dengan jangkauan yang dapat ditentukan dan dapat diatur oleh pemasang iklan tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan dan memotivasi para pegiat bisnis online di Kelurahan Purwanegara dalam memanfaatkan dan mengoptimalkan pemasaran secara digital melalui Facebook Ads. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah ceramah dan diskusi menggunakan power point dengan alat bantu LCD proyektor. Luaran yang diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah para pegiat bisnis online dapat lebih mengenal dan mengoptimalkan fungsi fitur-fitur yang telah disediakan oleh media sosial Facebook untuk kegiatan promosi bisnis yang sedang digeluti.
Review of the genus Guzeriplia (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with description of a new species
Authors: Naglis S. , Negrobov O.P.
Published: February 2021

The genus Guzeriplia Negrobov, 1968 is reviewed. A key to the known species of the genus is provided. Guzeriplia turcica sp. nov. is described from Turkey; G. chlorina Negrobov, 1968 is newly recorded from Turkey.
Technological principles for providing the durability of bus bodies in the production process
Authors:   Cherkasy Bus Public Joint Stock Company, Ruban Dmytro , Kraynyk Lubomir ,   National University "Lviv Polytechnic", Kraynyk Yuriy ,   Open Joint Stock Company “Ukrainian Institute of Bus and Trolleybus Building”, Dzoba Vadim ,   Open Joint Stock Company “Ukrainian Institute of Bus and Trolleybus Building”
Published: February 2021

The article describes the technological principles of ensuring the durability of bus bodies. Features of technologies on increase of corrosion resistance of bodies of buses of public transport are resulted. The basic tendencies at the modern enterprises on improvement of anticorrosive protection and manufacturing of bodies of buses are considered. New materials for the manufacture of bus bodies are presented. The application of new technologies in the production of small-class bus bodies was introduced in Ukraine in the late 1990s. This was a design development of OJSC «Ukravtobusprom», which was used at OJSC «Cherkasy Bus» since the beginning of production of «Bogdan» buses. The body of the bus «Bogdan» A091, in the process of improvement, received a non-seeded structure, which had a number of significant advantages. The use of glued front and rear fiberglass panels on these buses has significantly increased the corrosion resistance of the bus body. To protect against corrosion of the side panels began to use steel sheets with double-sided galvanizing, which were welded to the uncovered frame of the body. With further improvement of the technology of corrosion protection, the body frame was completely covered with anti-corrosion, highly adhesive soil. In the places of welding of the cladding panels, the frame pipes are covered with heat-resistant conductive soil. Today, galvanized side panels are glued to JSC «Cherkasy Bus» in the production of «Ataman» A092H6/16 buses, which has significantly reduced the number of corrosion cells. At JSC «Ukravtobusprom» the technology of facing of a body provides even less use of steel elements. On TUR A407 and TUR A303 buses, the cladding is made of composite materials (so-called ecobond sheet), which is glued to the frame using Sika technology. Constant improvement of technologies of anticorrosive protection of bodies of buses promotes increase of durability in realities of operation in our state. Because quite often, as real practice shows, operating organizations do not take measures to eliminate the effects of corrosion until the manifestations of structural corrosion, which make it impossible to further operate the bus.
The influence of centrial forces on crankshaft bearing lubrication is in emergency modes of the engine of the car
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Khrulev Oleksandr , Saraiev Olexii ,   Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, Saraieva Iryna ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University
Published: February 2021

The analysis of the crankshaft bearing condition of the automotive internal combustion engines in the case of insufficiency and breakage of oil supply to them is carried out. It is noted that this fault is one of the most common causes of damage to rubbing pairs in operation. At the same time, the different groups of bearings are often damaged, which cannot be explained within the framework of existing models of plain bearing lubrication. The objective of the work is to develop a mathematical model of oil supply to connecting rod bearings in emergency mode, taking into account the characteristic features of the bearing design. The model also, depending on the nature of the damage, should help to determine and explain the causes of bearing failures if they occur in different modes when operating conditions are broken. A computational model has been developed that makes it possible to assess the effect of design differences in the features of oil supply and the action of the centrifugal forces during crankshaft rotation on the oil column in the lubrication hole where oil is supplied to the conrod bearing. Calculations of the change in time of the oil supply pressure to the connecting rod bearings for the various designs of the crankshaft lubrication holes have been performed. It is shown that, depending on the operating mode of the engine and its design, the oil pressure in front of the connecting rod bearings does not disappear immediately after oil supply failure to crankshaft. Moreover, the lower the crankshaft speed is, the longer the lubrication of the conrod bearings will continue. The calculation results are confirmed by the data of the expert studies of the engine technical condition, in which the crankshaft was wedged in the damaged main bearings was found in the absence of serious damage to the connecting rod ones. It has been found that such features of the damage correspond to an rapid breakage of the oil supply to the crankshaft in the case of such operational damage as the oil pump and pressure reducing valve failure, the oil filter seal and oil pan destruction, etc. The developed model explains the difference in lubrication conditions and in the damage feature to the main and connecting rod bearings in the emergency cases of the oil supply breakage, which are observed during operation, and helps to clarify the failure causes. This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines when the operating conditions are broken.
Process of cutting vegetation by cutting machines of segment-finger mowers
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Veselovska Natalia , Tereshchenko Oleksandr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Malakov Oleksandr ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

The cutting machines of mowers are intended for mowing of natural or sown grasses, on the principle of operation they are divided into the devices of retaining and unpinning cutting. Because of this, the cutting machines are driven from the tractor's PTO or may have an individual hydraulic or electric drive. Depending on the technological process, the mowers may be equipped with an additional flatter or disc machine. The angle of inclination of the cutting machine forwards or backwards is regulated by the rotation of the movable frame relative to the stationary. The centering of the knife is carried out by changing the length of the connecting rod so that in its extreme positions the middle of the segments coincide with the middle of the fingers or do not reach the middle by 5 mm. When harvesting thick-stemmed crops (sunflower, corn), two supports adversely affect the slice. By cutting into a thick stem, the segments are wedged by incised stems, which leads to excessive effort when cutting. Therefore, it is advisable to use the fingers without sprouts in the cutting apparatus for collecting thick-stemmed plants. Segment-finger cutting devices cut plants at knife speed (cutting) 1.5 ... 3.0 m / s. They do not grind plants, require less energy compared to unpowered cutting devices. At the same time, the reciprocating movement of the knife causes considerable inertial forces, limiting the use of such mowers at higher operating speeds when collecting grasses. It is determined that the devices of the supporting cut are simple in structure and reliable in operation, mowers with such devices have lower energy costs per unit of collected area and metal-intensive, and the slip coefficient of the considered cutting apparatus is linearly dependent on the angle of installation of the blade and the position of the stalk axes of rotation of knives. It is established that the effect of the elderly and variable cutting increases, as the stem approaches, it cuts to the center of rotation.
Assessment of vehicle brake control functional stability
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Volkov Volodymyr , Gritsuk Igor ,   Kherson State Maritime Academy, Volkova Tetiana ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kuzhel Volodymyr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Berezhna Nataliya ,   Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the brake control elements of passenger vehicles on the stability of their braking properties. The analysis of the influence of uneven braking forces on the wheels of one axle of vehicles on the deviation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles from its calculated value is carried out. When assessing the error in regulating the distribution of braking forces between the axles of vehicles, three components were taken into account: the theoretical error due to the imperfection of the selected control method (the difference between the actual calculated control characteristic from the ideal), the error created due to the instability of the ratio of the braking forces on the front and rear wheels, an additional error caused by the unevenness of the braking forces on the wheels of individual axles, since the fulfillment of the most stringent requirements of international and national standards for the efficiency of braking of vehicles and is inextricably linked with the need to increase the energy consumption of brake mechanisms. The energy consumption of braking mechanisms is understood as the ability of the latter to dissipate the greatest amount of energy of the braking machine without reducing the braking efficiency indicators to the minimum permissible level. Excessive heating of the braking mechanisms leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient μ of the friction surfaces and increased wear of the friction linings, and the brakes are the most unstable element of the braking control, which ensures the absorption and dissipation of the vehicle's energy during braking. The instability of the braking torques on the front and rear wheels, caused by a change in the coefficients of friction of friction pairs, leads not only to a change in the distribution of braking forces between the axles and individual wheels, but also to a decrease in the braking efficiency of vehicles under operating conditions. A method is proposed that makes it possible to assess the quality of regulation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles of a car, taking into account the instability of the braking forces on the wheels.
The essence of automobile diagnostics in the implementation of expert systems
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Pavlenko Viacheslav , Kuzhel Volodymyr ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Khorin Maksym ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the approach to the implementation and use of an expert system for servicing passenger cars using the example of Mercedes cars. After analyzing the development of trends in artificial intelligence, we came to the conclusion that one of the main directions in this area is real-time expert systems. The direction of expert systems is the development of programs that, when solving difficult tasks for a human expert, obtain results that are not inferior in quality and efficiency of solutions obtained by an expert. This approach allows you to create almost any online diagnostic complexes faster than using traditional methods. An important direction in the automotive industry is an accurate and reliable forecast assessment of the main indicators of reliability and serviceability of the car as a whole. Technical diagnostics is an integral part of the technological processes of acceptance, maintenance and repair of vehicles at service stations and is a process of determining the technical condition of the object of diagnosis with a certain accuracy. Purpose of the work: to reveal the essence of the expert approach at the present stage of development of diagnostic systems when servicing passenger cars. The theme of the work is revealed by the example of a modern diagnostic complex with elements of an expert system for diagnosing Mercedes cars. In particular, the work of Star Diagnosis software, which ensures the success of car diagnostics, is considered. A complex, a service specialist, or an expert system has the ability to analyze the condition of the car, the severity of the malfunction, and select methods for repairing the car without having a car at the service station. Ultimately, based on the development of electronic systems and the number of executing elements of various control units in the car, if possible, output a huge amount of information that we can use when servicing it, we can conclude that today the prospect of the development of expert methods and means of diagnosing cars using expert systems is very promising.
Media, Culture and Indigenous Languages in Pakistan: A Critical Review
Authors: Sultana Irem , Adnan Malik , Mehsud Muhammad Imran
Published: February 2021

This research paper inspected the role of Pakistani media to protect indigenous languages and culture in Pakistan. The study examined the situation; if Pakistani media outpours concern with the native languages or not. The article also checked the media landscape, its language-wise segregation and scenario of literacy in different areas of the country. The outcomes of the study showed that Pakistani media is neglecting the indigenous languages. The study results exhibited clearly that media houses’ focus on protecting native languages, is not profound. The findings also showed that foreign ownership of Media houses plays a role in neglecting indigenous language promotions. The current study presented that Pakistani mainstream media is damaging the local and native languages. The study was the outcome of qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews of senior communication experts.
Comparative Study of Editorials of Daily Dawn and Daily the News International Regarding Electricity Crisis of Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Ahmad , Ali Sajjad
Published: February 2021

This research investigates the editorial coverage of two elite newspapers of Pakistan; Daily the News International and Daily Dawn regarding electricity crisis in Pakistan from June 2010 to May 2011. For this research study, 49 editorials were studied, comprised 648 sentences. Twenty-two editorials (291 sentences) in Daily Dawn and 27 editorials (357 sentences) published in Daily the News International during the proposed period of the study. All editorial sentences are divided into five different categories; Causes, Effects, Reactions, Solutions and Miscellaneous of the electricity crisis according to the nature of data. The study finds out that both newspapers gave 22.06% favourable, 36.57% unfavourable coverage, while 41.35% neutral coverage on the issue which shows that both the newspapers have given more neutral coverage. The researcher used framing theory as a theoretical framework. In light of results, the researcher concluded that the media framed this crisis in a neutral way.
Dependency of Mainstream Pakistani English Newspapers on Foreign News Agencies: A Comparative Study of Daily Dawn and the News International
Authors: Shafiullah Muhammad , Ali Sajjad
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to highlight the influence of foreign news agencies on daily Dawn and the News International. Quantities Content analysis has been done, while data collected from two newspapers of three month, 2016. The researcher collected data through purposive sampling technique and coding sheet was used as a tool. The results revealed that both newspapers relied on the foreign news agency. The content analysis explored that daily Dawn was more dependent on front page coverage whereas daily the News International was on the back page. The study also disclosed that daily the News International is giving more value to the foreign wires news than daily Dawn as it has published more news stories in double columns. The result of the research supported the hypotheses and the assumptions of the applied theories including Framing theory and Gatekeeping theory that foreign news agencies are Framing and filtering information.
An Overview of Islamophobia as Othering
Authors: Saeed Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This study, "Islamophobia as othering" is an explanatory overview study of the widespread problem of "othering". The concept of othering means to consider the Muslims community as others in the society, especially in the western countries. The finding of this study shows that the usage of this term simultaneously increases the ideology of (US and Them). Historically, this Group-based process has ancient root in European countries and America. In fact, hundreds year before the concept of othering was used against Muslims of Spain, whom were forced to immigrate neighbor countries. Nowadays this black history once again has been repeating. Unfortunately, Muslims are scapegoat of this crisis than others. The framework of this paper is an overview based on Social Identity Theory and the researcher tried to explain the concept of "othering", in the light of carnet Islamophobia which is spread in the western media.
Role of Electronic Media and Revival of Cricket in Pakistan: Exploring the Perception of UCP Students
Authors: Balouch Salman Ishaq , Zahra Sadaf , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din
Published: February 2021

Whatever the nature of Indo-Pak cricket but it is a part of the celebration of a common cricket culture. India Pakistan cricket rivalry takes political and commercial importance because of common culture and history of conflict. Enthusiasm, appreciation and knowledge is the part of this rivalry on an international level. India Pakistan cricket is the easiest way for the broadcasters, sponsors and advertisers to maximize the return on their investment. Now it is the responsibility of the politicians on both sides to toe the line set by cricket, and solve the issues in foreign
Overview of Tuberculosis among Children of Madurese Ethnicity in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sanjaya Ayling
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to find the characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in children among the Madurese ethnicity in Indonesia. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach was used. The study used Indonesian TB scoring on 23 Madurese children consisting of 16 children with active TB and 7 healthy control children. Data was analysed with SPSS software and Pearson’s test. The findings showed that children who contacted adults with TB active associated with the incident of active TB (OR=64 (3.83-2623.17)). A positive result of the tuberculin test was experienced in active TB participants (OR=136 (5.58-20266.2)). While weight or nutritional status has a good category (OR=0.31 (0.03-3.07) and children with TB active indicated the symptom of cough more than 3 weeks (OR=7 (0.60-185.21)). Those who had swollen lymph nodes were in an active TB group (OR=128 (5.22-19130.8)), as well as had a chest X-ray suggestive of TB (OR= 0.02 (0-0.26)).
Gendola Leaf Ethyl Acetate Fraction (Basella rubra Linn) Reduces Spermatozoa Motility and Viability in Vitro
Authors: Hayati Lusia , Joko Marwoto  , Septi Purnamasari  , Yuni Fitriayanti
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TBackground. The use of plants as anti-fertility in men has been done to reduce sideeffects. The Gendola plant is one of the Basellaceae family plants, which is a naturalmedicinal plant in Indonesia. Gendola leaves contain phenol compounds, flavonoids,tannins, steroids and triterpenoids which can have cytotoxic activity. This studyaims to determine the in vitro anti sperm activity of the ethyl acetate fraction ofGendola leaves on male spermatozoa. Methods. This study is an experimentallaboratory in vitro study using male sperm preparations. The sample used was 20men for each group, both the group was given the gondola leaf fraction and thecontrol group. The treatment group was given ethyl acetate fraction of Gendola leaves(Basella rubra Linn.) With a concentration of 0.05% for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, theviability and motility of sperm were calculated. Data analysis was performed usingthe Mann Whitney test (p <0.05) using SPSS release for Windows software. Results.The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction affected the motility and viabilityof spermatozoa. When compared with the control group, the motility treatment groupobtained was classified as non-progressive. In the treatment group, the viability ofspermatozoa was significantly different at minute 5, minute 10 and minuted 15 (p<0.05). Conclusion. Ethyl acetate fraction has potential as an anti sperm inreducing sperm motility and viability.
Prescription Profile of Antibiotic Drugs Post Excision Biopsy of Oral Soft Tissue Disease in Palembang
Authors: Nadhila Apriadhanti  , Parisa Nita , Siti Rusdiana Puspa Dewi
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TBackgroud An excisional biopsy is one of the surgical treatments given to cases ofsmall benign tumors in the soft tissues of the oral cavity. Antibiotics are prescribedby dentists as a follow-up therapy after excisional biopsy to prevent bacterialinfection. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of antibiotic drugprescription after excision biopsy of oral soft tissue disease by dentists in Palembang.Methods This type of research is descriptive observational with a survey method.The research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 40 dentists anddental specialists in Palembang who had performed excision biopsy treatment fororal soft tissue disease. Result The results showed that the antibiotic prescriptionof amoxicillin was 55%, the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was17.5%, and clindamycin was 12.5%. The cases found in this study were epulis57.5%, mucocele 30%, and traumatic fibroma 10%. Conclusion It can be concludedthat the antibiotic most often prescribed by dentists in Palembang after excisionbiopsy treatment was amoxicillin and the most common case was epulis.
Activity of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (CYPs) Metabolic Enzymes as Markers of Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles vagus Muara Enim Mosquitoes, Indonesia
Authors: Dalilah  , Muhaimin Ramdja  , Dwi Handayani  , Lasbudi P Ambarita  , R. Irpan Pahlepi  , Ahmad Ghiffari
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TThe use of synthetic pyrethroids in insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) and sprayform (IRS) has been carried out since 2012 in Muara Emil Village and since 2016 inall villages in Tanjung Agung District, Muara Enim Regency. Biochemical resistancecan occur to the enzymes that play a role in detoxifying the insecticide. This studyaims to identify whether there is an increase in the levels of the enzyme CytochromeP450 monooxygenase (CYPs) through the enzyme biochemical test on the malariavector mosquito Anopheles vagus originating from Pagar Dewa Village and MuaraEmil Village, Muara Enim Regency. The sample of female Anopheles mosquitoes wasnot full. Blood was taken at night using the resting collection method. Mosquitoesthat have been identified as Anopheles vagus species are used to check CYPs enzymelevels using the ELISA method. The results of the biochemical test showed thatenzyme levels increased from the Muara emil and Pagar Dewa village mosquitoeswith a percentage of 71% and 61.53% (with cut off point OD> 0.165). The value ofCYPs enzyme levels for mosquitoes from Muara Emil village was higher than that ofthe mosquitoes from Pagar Dewa Village (mean 0.005027 ± 0.007). The increasedactivity of the CYPs enzyme plays a role in the detoxification of synthetic pyrethroidinsecticides that can cause resistance. The high levels of enzymes from the villagesof Muara Emil and Desa Farah Dewa are in line with intensive insecticide exposurein eradicating malaria vectors in the highest malaria transmission areas in MuaraEnim Regency.
The Effect of Ethynil Estradiol and Desogestrel on Proliferation and Apoptosis Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblast Cell
Authors: Sastradinata Irawan , Andrijono  , Mohamad Farid Aziz  , Wan Lelly H  , Sri Hartini  , Bambang Sutrisna
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction To explore the effect of ethynil estradiol and desogestrel onproliferation and apoptosis hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell. Methods: From April2008 until March 2009, we collected 15 samples of hydatidiform mole tissue.Trophoblast cells was isolated and culture at RPMI 20% FBS medium. Only 7samples (46%)shown good growth. Cell was identified using cytology and β HCG test.Trophoblast cells good quality than devided into three groups observation. Firstgroup get ethynil estradiol 10 nmol/mL, second group get desogestrel 100 nmol/mL,Third group get DMSO 1%. Cells incubated and observe at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Cellcycle, apoptosis and β HCG was evaluated at each time observation. Cell cycleevaluation using BD cycle test plus DNA reagent, apoptosis evaluation using FITC-Annexin V. Analyze using FACSCalibur flowcytometer. β HCG evaluation usingAbbott AxSym total β-HCG reagent pack. Results: The group of cell that get ethynilestradiol in concentration 10 nmol/mL had cell proliferation index, amount cells andβ HCG level higher than control after 72 hours observation. The group of cell thatget desogestrel in concentration 100 nmol/mL have cell proliferation index, amountcells and β HCG level lower than control after 48 hours observation. There are nodifferences of apoptosis between the two group and control. Conclusion: Ethynilestradiol will increase proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell, whiledesogestrel will decrease proliferation of hydatidiform mole trophoblast cell. Thereare no effect of ethynil estradiol and desogestrel on apoptosis of hydatidiform moletrophoblast cell.
Western Blotting (WB) Technique Guideline for Separation and Isolation of Protein
Authors: Hidayat Rachmat , Patricia Wulandari
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TWestern blotting is an important technique used in cell and molecularbiology. Using the western blot, researchers can identify specific proteinsfrom the complex mixture of proteins extracted from cells. This techniqueuses three elements to accomplish this task: (1) separation by size, (2)transfer to a solid support, and (3) marking target proteins using appropriateprimary and secondary antibodies to visualize. This paper will attempt toexplain the techniques and theory behind western blot, and offer severalways to solve the problem