bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectos de la estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS) sobre el consumo de tabaco, la motivación y la autoeficacia para dejar de fumar
Authors: Rebull-Monje Marta , Gadea-Domenech Marien , López-Ruíz Pilar , Espert-Tortajada Raúl
Published: January 2025

Estudios recientes de estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS), aplicada sobre la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral (CPFDL), han demostrado que pueden reducir el craving y el consumo de tabaco. Sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones que hayan evaluado los efectos del tDCS sobre la motivación y la autoeficacia para dejar de fumar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la tDCS sobre el patrón de consumo, la motivación y la autoeficacia percibida para dejar de fumar en 16 personas con Trastorno por Consumo de Tabaco (TCT). Se utilizó un diseño de series temporales con replicación intrasujeto ABAB. El tratamiento consistió en la aplicación de 10 sesiones repetidas de tDCS a 1.5 mA durante 20 minutos sobre la CPFDL (cátodo F3 y ánodo F4), una sesión diaria durante dos semanas (lunes a viernes). Tras una fase de descanso de un mes, se replicó el tratamiento intrasujeto en idénticas condiciones. La intervención completa duró nueve semanas y fue completada por 10 participantes. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en la dependencia a la nicotina, el número de cigarrillos fumados y los niveles de monóxido de carbono (CO) en el aire espirado. Además, observamos una mejora significativa en la motivación y la autoeficacia percibida para dejar de fumar. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el tDCS, aplicado sobre la CPFDL, puede ser una técnica efectiva para usar como terapia coadyuvante a otras estrategias farmacológicas y/o psicológicas empleadas en las Unidades de Conductas Adictivas (UCAs), u otros centros de atención a las drogodependencias. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que investiguen la interacción entre los efectos de la nicotina y el tDCS para encontrar la estrategia óptima de tratamiento.
Variables implicadas en la abstinencia de alcohol a largo plazo: cuáles son y cuándo juegan un papel más importante
Authors: Jurado-Barba Rosa , Espinosa Regina , Marín-Mayor Marta , Sion Ana , Rubio-Valladolid Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Diversas variables psicológicas están implicadas en el pronóstico de los pacientes con dependencia de alcohol, durante el tratamiento y después del alta. Sin embargo, aún no conocemos el papel que juegan estas variables en la consecución y mantenimiento de la abstinencia y, si éstas, se modifican a lo largo del tiempo. Metodología: Se recogieron datos longitudinalmente relacionados con ansiedad, depresión, impulsividad, estrategias de afrontamiento, sentido de la vida (SV) y asistencia a las asociaciones de ayuda-mutua (AM) de pacientes ambulatorios con dependencia de alcohol (N=159, 66% varones, edad media=42.54 años). Se realizaron evaluaciones basalmente, al alta (después de 2 años de tratamiento), a los 2 y a los 4 años después del alta. Las variables relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol fueron evaluadas con el método Timeline Followback. Resultados: En la evaluación basal, el estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y la impulsividad se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Al alta, y a los 2 años de seguimiento, las puntuaciones altas en el SV se asociaron con los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años. Los modelos de mediación encontraron que el SV incrementaba los meses de abstinencia acumulada a los 4 años a través del estilo de afrontamiento evitativo y una reducción de los niveles de depresión. Conclusiones: El SV es un componente determinante en la abstinencia a largo plazo. Dado que las asociaciones de AM promueven el SV, éstas deberían ser recomendadas como una parte esencial de un tratamiento integrado de la dependencia de alcohol.
Análisis de situación de ideación y conducta suicida en población por trastorno por juego de FEJAR
Authors: Gutiérrez Muélledes Máximo Enrique , Santolaria Gómez Rosana , Estévez Gutiérrez Ana , Micó Valero Virtu , Lamas Alonso Juan , Aonso Diego Gema , Tirado Carrasco Elena
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El trastorno por juego (TJ) es un trastorno adictivo que genera sufrimiento en la propia persona y en su entorno familiar y social. Uno de los aspectos que está presente y que tiene mucha gravedad es la ideación suicida y las conductas autolíticas. Como consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido estudiar si las tentativas de suicidio y/o la ideación suicida se dan con mayor frecuencia entre la población con TJ con respecto a la población general (PG). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 318 personas mayores de edad y residentes en España, con media de edad 46,23 años (DT=13,13) divididas en dos grupos: PG (no diagnosticada de trastorno por juego) (51,9%) y población clínica (personas diagnosticadas de TJ, en tratamiento actualmente o en el pasado en las diferentes asociaciones de FEJAR) (48,1%). En este estudio, se pasaron cuestionarios de medidas relacionadas con ideación suicida y conducta suicida. Los resultados mostraron que la población clínica presentó mayor ideación autolítica que la PG (64% vs 32%), así como una mayor planificación del suicidio (34% vs 8%). Como conclusión, los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido cuantificar la presencia de ideación y conducta suicida en las personas con TJ, lo que nos permitirá generar un protocolo de intervención específico para casos con esta situación de riesgo vital asociada al TJ.
Diferencias por sexo en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos
Authors: Vaca-Quintana Diego , Bassante Christian , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Merlyn-Sacoto Marie-France , López-Barrionuevo Carlos , Porras Belén
Published: January 2025

Los objetivos del trabajo son reportar los niveles, las diferencias de sexo y al sexo como factor de riesgo en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos. Para ello se utiliza un método descriptivo y comparativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 546 estudiantes universitarios (69,1% son mujeres), entre 17 y 41 años de cuatro universidades ubicadas en las ciudades de Ambato y Quito. Los resultados indicaron bajos niveles de consumo de alcohol y tabaco y la presencia de diferencias significativas por sexo, con mayor consumo entre los hombres. Los hombres tienen más probabilidades que las mujeres de consumir alcohol (2.1 veces) y tabaco (3 veces), respectivamente. Finalmente, se concluye que el consumo de alcohol y tabaco es una conducta común entre la muestra y el sexo es un factor clave tanto en el aumento del consumo como en el desarrollo de consumos de riesgo.
Evolución del concepto de recuperación en el trastorno por uso de alcohol
Authors: Esteban Rodríguez Laura , Sion Ana , Jurado Barba Rosa
Published: January 2025

Existen numerosas definiciones de recuperación en el ámbito de los trastornos adictivos, en particular en el trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA). Sin embargo, los intentos por establecer el significado de la recuperación en el TUA no han logrado un consenso. A lo largo de este siglo, las propuestas han reconocido que la recuperación trasciende la abstinencia o la reducción del consumo, reflejando su naturaleza compleja y multidimensional. La recuperación del TUA se caracteriza por mejoras en diversas áreas de la vida del individuo, siendo un proceso dinámico, voluntario y autodirigido, donde el sujeto desempeña un papel activo en su camino hacia el bienestar. Las definiciones coinciden en la importancia del bienestar integral, incluyendo mejoras en la calidad de vida, el funcionamiento biopsicosocial, el bienestar eudaimónico y las relaciones interpersonales. No obstante, persisten debates sobre la inclusión del manejo de la sustancia en las definiciones de recuperación en el TUA. Además, recientemente, ha surgido una nueva controversia con la inclusión de la remisión de los criterios diagnósticos del TUA en las definiciones de recuperación. Este trabajo propone incorporar la capacidad de controlar la conducta como un elemento en la definición de recuperación para resolver estas discrepancias. Este enfoque reconoce la variabilidad individual y aboga por la implementación de terapias personalizadas dentro de un marco de tratamiento centrado en la persona.
Discapacidad, adicciones y supresión del término prodigalidad
Authors: Carrión Olmos Salvador
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se ha tratado de analizar la incidencia de la Ley 8/2021, para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica, en lo que se refiere a la figura de la prodigalidad.
De un lado, la reforma cambia sustancialmente los intereses objeto de protección, que pasan a ser únicamente los de la persona en situación de discapacidad.
De otro lado, no hay más supuestos de prodigalidad jurídicamente relevantes que aquellos que sean efecto o consecuencia de una situación de discapacidad; abarcando desde luego aquellos comportamientos que, aun no derivando de una discapacidad en sentido estricto, provengan de una adicción (a las drogas, al juego, al alcohol, etc.). Para el legislador, también en tales supuestos, se está ante una discapacidad.
La prodigalidad deja de ser objeto de una consideración unitaria, para pasar a contemplarse desde la pluralidad de las medidas de apoyo.
Eficacia de la estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (tDCS) en el consumo de tabaco: una revisión sistemática PRISMA
Authors: Quiñonez González Eimy Mariana , Gadea Doménech Marien , Espert Tortajada Raúl
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La estimulación transcraneal de corriente continua (tDCS) es una técnica emergente de neuromodulación cerebral no invasiva y segura, destinada a aliviar los síntomas asociados con los trastornos psiquiátricos, incluida la adicción. Las investigaciones en el consumo de tabaco ofrecen resultados prometedores, no obstante, a su vez se evidencia una falta de replicabilidad entre los estudios actuales. Objetivo: ofrecer una visión general sobre la eficacia de la intervención de tDCS en el consumo de tabaco, en los últimos 10 años (2014-2024). Método: Revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos controlados, doble ciego y aleatorizados, registrados en Science Direct, Scopus y PubMed, entre los años 2014 y 2024. Resultados: Se han examinado 13 estudios empíricos que tienen como propósito investigar los efectos de la estimulación de tDCS asociado al consumo de tabaco, destacando una heterogeneidad entre sus resultados, pues dependiendo de la variable evaluada y de los parámetros del protocolo de estimulación su eficacia puede variar. Conclusión: la presente revisión sistemática evidenció que la tDCS continúa siendo una técnica prometedora como alternativa para el tratamiento del consumo de tabaco, mostrando resultados efectivos en la reducción del ansia y patrón de consumo.
Synthetic cannabinoids: an integrative theoretical review
Authors: Iribarren González Gaizka , Pons Díez Xavier
Published: January 2025

Synthetic cannabinoids are agonists of cannabinoid receptors and produce similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive phytocannabinoid of Cannabis Sativa. Synthetic cannabinoids are classified as “new psychoactive substances” (NPS), and are the most numerous type of substance in this group with over 200 types. The effects of synthetic cannabinoids, although similar to those produced by THC, are of the order of 2 to 800 times more potent, as they are total agonists of the receptors. Among the most reported effects are anxiety, nausea, paranoia, and tachycardia, although there is a strong relationship between psychotic disorders and synthetic cannabinoid use. Although the prevalence of the use of these substances is relatively low for the general population, there are different subpopulations such as people who are incarcerated or polyconsumers whose consumption is significantly higher due to different motivations of use, among which the difficulty of tracing them in drug analyses stands out.
Factores que influyen en la falta de adherencia a los grupos de ayuda mutua en pacientes con trastorno por uso de alcohol en recuperación: un estudio en el Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
Authors: Rubio-Escobar Enrique , Esteban Rodríguez Laura , Sión Ana , Armada Victor , Maldonado Daniel , Arias Francisco , Jurado-Barba Rosa
Published: January 2025

Antecedentes: Uno de los principales desafíos en el tratamiento del trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA) es la falta de adherencia terapéutica, siendo clave la percepción de la enfermedad. La asistencia a grupos de ayuda mutua (GAM) mejora la adherencia y protege contra recaídas. Objetivos: Identificar los factores que influyen en la falta de adherencia de los pacientes atendidos en el programa del Hospital Universitario 12 de octubre para acudir a los GAM, así como, identificar qué variables del cuestionario de percepción de la enfermedad son más relevantes para no acudir a los GAM. Metodología: La muestra incluía 100 pacientes. El diagnostico TUA se realizó según criterios DSM-5, los motivos para no acudir a GAM se recogieron mediante una entrevista semiestructurada elaborada (ad hoc) y la percepción de enfermedad se evaluó mediante el Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Resultados: el estudio reveló que el 72,3% de los motivos de inasistencia a los GAM se debía a una baja conciencia sobre los requerimientos del tratamiento. Las principales variables que predecían la inasistencia fueron: a) percepción de que la enfermedad no es crónica y el tratamiento es poco útil, y b) creencia de que el control de la enfermedad depende de ellos mismos. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren la importancia de trabajar aspectos relacionados con la conciencia de enfermedad desde el inicio del tratamiento en pacientes TUA, así como poner de manifiesto la relevancia de acudir a los GAM para complementar el programa de tratamiento del alcohol del Hospital 12 de Octubre.
Reconocimiento del derecho de los menores a la protección frente a adicciones en la Ley 26/2018, de 21 de diciembre, de Derechos y garantías de la infancia y la adolescencia de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Alventosa del Río Josefina
Published: January 2025

La Ley 26/2018, de 21 de diciembre, de Derechos y garantías de la infancia y la adolescencia de la Comunidad Valenciana dedica un capítulo específico al Derecho a la salud de los menores de edad de dicha Comunidad. Entre las materias que aborda dicho capítulo se encuentra una referencia a las adicciones en un solo precepto, el art. 40, entre las que incluye el juego de azar y apuestas, el mal uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación e información y el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, tabaco, drogas, sustancias estupefacientes y psicotrópicas, y otras conductas adictivas. En dicha regulación se establecen algunas directrices básicas, entre ellas, el principio de protección de dichos menores frente a conductas adictivas, la obligación de las administraciones públicas de promover y garantizar la adopción de medidas de promoción de la salud, prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento integral en relación al consumo infantil y adolescente de alcohol, tabaco, drogas y otras conductas adictivas, la obligación de dichas administraciones de que las acciones de prevención deben garantizar que las intervenciones terapéuticas se ajusten al perfil y características de los menores, y que las intervenciones terapéuticas se ajusten al perfil y características de dichos menores. Se realizan algunas precisiones en materia de juego y apuestas, pero no en relación a otras conductas adictivas. Por lo que ante esta parca regulación se hace necesario interrelacionar esta Ley con la legislación específica relativa a cada adicción y contemplar el tratamiento que dicha legislación dispensa a la infancia y adolescencia.
Estimation of active substances and compounds in orange seedlings Citrus aurantium L when spraying with nanofertilizers and humic acid
Authors: Hamid.h.mhawesh
Published: January 2025

The experiment was conducted at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Marsh of Thi Qar University during the growing season (2022-2022). Orange seedlings were obtained. Citrus aurantium, one year old, grown as uniformly as possible, from a nursery in Diyala governorate in 2022, and the seedlings were transplanted into 10 kg plastic pots (26 cm diameter) filled with a growing medium mixed with soil and peat moss. The plant care process was carried out in a similar manner throughout the study period, including pruning, weeding, fertilization and irrigation. The study was conducted as a two-factor factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.). The first factor represented the spraying of composite nanofertilizer NPK at three concentrations (1, 0.5, 0) g.L-1, and the second factor represented the spraying of humus at three concentrations (0, 1, 2, ) g.L-1. The interval between one spraying and the next was 3 sprayings with an interval of two weeks. The results of the study can be summarized as follows:
The spraying treatment of nanofertilizer NPK showed a positive effect on most of the active ingredients in bitter orange plants. The spray treatment with 100 mg L-1 concentration significantly outperformed the total sugar, naringenin, limonene, terpenes, and pyran compounds by 0.793%, 59.00%, 2.967%, 15.468%, and 7.954%, respectively. The average organic fertilizer spray treatment showed positive effects on most nutritional and chemical parameters of bitter orange seedlings. Citrus aurantium. The spray treatment with 2 g L-1 concentration had a better effect, with the highest proportions of total sugar, naringenin, limonene, terpenes, and pyran compounds, which were 0.760%, 55.28%, 2.772%, 15.086%, and 7.903%, respectively. The interaction coefficient between the two examined factors had a significant positive effect on most of the examined phytochemical and chemical properties. The interaction coefficient between 100 ml L-1 nano-NPK concentration and 2 g L-1 humus concentration recorded the best results for the active ingredient indicators such as naringenin, limonene, terpenes, and pyrans..
Development of regulation from infancy to adolescence : The role of early caregiving
Authors: Rheinheimer Nicole
Published: January 2025

This thesis studies the role of the early caregiving environment in the development of regulation from infancy through adolescence. First, Chapter 2 assesses the time mothers spend walking and carrying their infants outdoors, as well as for how much time the infant is put outdoors to sleep, and which infant, maternal, and environmental characteristics predict these variables. Chapter 3 studies the experimental effects of being walked outdoors and infant carrying on infant sleep and cortisol recovery, maternal mood and cortisol, and mother-infant adrenocortical synchrony. Chapter 4 assesses the effects of a skin-to-skin contact intervention on full-term infants’ cortisol and behavioral reactions, mother-infant adrenocortical synchrony and the quality of the maternal caregiving behavior. Chapter 5 assesses the effects of the skin-to-skin contact intervention on full-term infants’ behavior and executive functioning at age three, as well as a possible moderation of this effect through maternal prenatal stress and anxiety. Lastly, Chapter 6 assesses associations of infant colic with sleeping problems from childhood through adolescence and the moderating role of room sharing. Taken together, the knowledge generated by this thesis may inspire future research focused on improving the early caregiving environment.
The Study of COVID-19 Virus Infection Based on the SEIR Model
Authors: Gao Fan
Published: January 2025

From the Black Death to SARS to influenza A (H1N1), communicable diseases have always been among the uppermost problem endangering human health and have caused crises all over the world countless times. Practical relevance of a thorough knowledge of the transmission pathways and related mechanisms of infectious diseases are complex. Investigating the laws of infectious illness transmission mostly depends on the building of dynamic models. Designing corresponding models based on specific transmission mechanisms can more realistically depict the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and provide higher accuracy for parameter estimation. This study suggested an enhanced SEIR model and performed a comprehensive investigation of its equilibrium point and stability, acknowledging that individuals infected with the novel coronavirus are contagious in time of their incubation period. Consequently, an empirical investigation was undertaken utilizing this model to analyze the overall trend of the epidemic in China and the outbreak aboard the Diamond Princess cruise ship. Key model parameters, such as the infection rate coefficient, control coefficient, basic reproduction number, and the particular time at which the effective reproduction number declines to 1, were ascertained by the maximum likelihood estimation approach. The cumulative confirmed case fitting curves for the national pandemic in China and the Diamond Princess outbreak were presented concurrently to further validate the model's efficacy
Research on Injury Factors of Figure Skaters and Construction of Injury Prediction Model
Authors: Liu Xiangnan
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze and screen the main factors affecting injuries of figure skaters and to construct a scientific injury prediction model. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information of 34 figure skaters from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, including the subjects' gender, starting age, years of skating, frequency of on-ice training, duration of each training session, frequency of off-ice training, warm-up time, sleep duration, coach level, ice surface conditions and skate fit during training, as well as the number injuries the subjects had in the past years. The main factors affecting injuries of figure skaters were found through a logistic regression model, and a nomogram was constructed. All data were analyzed in R language. Results and Conclusion: The findings indicate that gender, starting age, height, skating experience, and free skating level are key factors influencing the risk of sport injuries. Based on these factors, this study successfully developed a comprehensive risk assessment model for sports injuries in youth figure skaters. This model can predict and reduce the risk of injuries and provide a scientific basis for personalized training programs
A Review of Air Pollution Research in Panzhihua City from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Zheng Boyuan
Published: January 2025

Air pollution is a critical issue of concern to society, and researches on this topic has notably increased in recent years. Panzhihua City, a key resource-consuming and heavy industrial city in the southwestern region of China, places air pollution prevention and control at the top of its priorities. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews on air pollution studies specific to Panzhihua. This paper reviews the research conducted on air pollution and its control methods in Panzhihua City between 2018 and 2023. Ten relevant studies were included, the pollution levels of heavy metals and mineral particles in atmospheric dustfall, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3 were summarized. The paper also outlined the trends, potential causes of air pollution in Panzhihua, and suggested control measures, aiming to provide a reference for future research and offer a scientific basis for local government policy-making regarding air pollution control
Beyond the Surface: Evaluating the Impacts of Fukushima Nuclear Wastewater Release
Authors: Wang Renxu
Published: January 2025

Following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan, managing contaminated water became a long-term challenge. In August 2023, Japan began discharging treated atomic wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, sparking global concern. Since nuclear wastewater discharge involves environmental safety, public health, and international relations, understanding various perspectives and presenting scientific data is crucial for formulating reasonable policies. This study aims to analyse the attitudes of different countries towards the Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge, assess its scientific basis, and explore its economic impact on Japan's fishing industry. The results show that Japan's wastewater discharge complies with international safety standards, based on an evaluation of publicly available data from the Tokyo Electric Power Company and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The analysis encompassed both safety measures and environmental impacts of this specific nuclear wastewater release. Despite scientific studies confirming that the treated nuclear wastewater meets safety standards, ongoing public concerns and geopolitical tensions have caused significant economic impacts on Japan's fishing industry. Therefore, enhanced scientific dialogue and research are needed to effectively address the potential long-term challenges that nuclear wastewater discharge may pose to marine ecosystems and global food safety
Optimization of Microbial Degradation of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Wastewater and Its Potential for Application in Public Health
Authors: Dong Hanwen
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the application of biodegradable materials in the medical field has grown rapidly, covering bone scaffolds, vascular bridging, drug delivery carriers, implants, surgical instruments, and biochemical signal detection sensors. Compared with traditional materials, biodegradable materials are more environmentally friendly and have good biocompatibility, durability, and non-toxicity. However, the development of biodegradable materials in medicine still faces many challenges. The degradation time of the material is too long or too short, which will affect the therapeutic effect. At the same time, the degradation of the material is affected by external factors such as temperature, pH value, and pressure, and it is difficult to control. The complex degradation behavior in the body is difficult to predict, and the degradation of some materials may produce toxic substances or induce inflammatory reactions. Therefore, this article summarizes the types of medical biodegradable materials and systematically introduces the current application status of biodegradable materials in medical implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, disease treatment, and biochemical electronic sensors. The application of biodegradable polymers in disposable medical treatment is also discussed. Specific medical application cases are studied to better explain the uses and benefits of these materials. Finally, the existing problems and future developments are discussed to provide a comprehensive reference for future research
Netrin-1's Protective Effect on A-Burdened BV2 Microglial Cells Enhanced Its Viability of Peptide Drugs for Alzheimers Disease Treatment
Authors: Ding Yu
Published: January 2025

The rising prevalence of Alzheimers Disease (AD) has stimulated extensive research into novel therapeutic strategies. Current studies suggest peptide-based drugs are emerging as promising candidates targeting various aspects of AD pathophysiology. Microglia play a crucial role in AD due to their functions as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, and are a prominent target for the development of peptide drugs. Netrin-1, a brain-derived extracellular factor, demonstrated therapeutic potential in AD by modulating microglial function. Here, we investigated the effects of netrin-1 on amyloid-beta (A)-burden microglia using BV2 microglial cells as a model. Cell counting was performed to assess the cell viability under different concentrations of netrin-1. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine morphological changes associated with microglial activation. To examine the polarization towards M1 or M2 phenotypes, fluorescence detection was performed after amplification. ELISA quantified A concentration to assess the protective effect of netrin-1. Microglial gene expression influenced by A was identified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE227221). Expression levels of netrin-1 receptors were analyzed to identify potential targets. Protein structures from the RCSB database were docked with netrin-1 using PyMOL to identify the amino acids on the binding interface that may stimulate the receptors and mitigate A-induced damage. Specifically, a concentration of 100 ng/mL of netrin-1 optimally maintained cell viability in the presence of A. Netrin-1 could lessen A-induced microglial activation, especially M2 activation phenotype. ELISA data showed that netrin-1 treatment significantly improved the phagocytic abilities of A-burden BV2 cells. Analysis of the GEO database revealed that the expressions of DCC, DSCAM, and UNC5a were significantly elevated following A treatment in microglia. Eight potential polypeptides were identified as the potential targets for netrin-1 binding. In conclusion, netrin-1 mitigated the A-induced damage in microglia through its protective effects. The eight identified peptides of netrin-1 may represent a significant advancement toward developing drugs targeting A-related AD pathology. Netrin-1 based peptide drugs hold novel therapeutic promise for AD
Hamstring Strain in Sprinting Athletes: Biomechanics, Risk Factors, and Injury Prevention Strategies
Authors: Wang Victoria Zhixu
Published: January 2025

Hamstringrelated injuries, primarily hamstring strain, frequently affect both recreational and professional athletes, especially in sports that involve running, jumping, kicking, and sudden directional changes. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of HSIs, covering anatomical and biomechanical factors, kinematics, diagnostic methods, and strategies for prevention and treatment. Although the exact mechanism of HSIs during sprinting remains uncertain, no specific phase of the running cycle has been identified as presenting the highest risk. Stretch-induced HSIs, often triggered by excessive hip flexion and knee hyperextension, place significant stress on the proximal tendon and musculotendinous junction, particularly affecting the semimembranosus muscle. Risk factors for HSIs are categorized as non-modifiable (age, previous injuries, playing position) and modifiable (muscle weakness, fatigue, imbalances, limited flexibility, and poor neuromuscular control). Physiotherapy approaches that emphasize eccentric strength trainingprogressing through flexibility, stabilization, and specific strength phasesreduce injury rates, especially when integrated with concentric training in sprinting related sports
Applications and Challenges of Oral Peptide Drug Delivery in Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Feng Yuchen
Published: January 2025

Peptide drugs, an important class of biopharmaceuticals, have been studied and applied in the field of diabetes treatment for decades. In recent years, with a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms of diabetes, efforts by developers to improve therapeutic efficacy have increased. Although oral administration is the most common mode of drug delivery, many peptide drugs still need to be administered by injection due to their unique chemical structures and biological properties. The paper aims to summarize the research literature related to diabetes and analyze the major barriers to the development of oral peptide drugs, such as the stability and low bioavailability of peptides in the GI tract, as well as technological coping strategies to address these barriers, including novel delivery systems and formulation optimization. In addition, it assesses the current progress in the development of oral peptide drugs and their clinical applications, mainly with reference to relevant literature from 2015 onwards. The results indicate that although some oral peptide drugs have been approved, the possibility of their popularization is still relatively small in the short term. Thus, future research should focus on overcoming the technical challenges of oral drug delivery in order to enhance their clinical application potential and ultimately provide patients with more convenient and effective treatment options
Sustainable Urban Water Resource Management in China: Challenges and Innovations
Authors: Luo Kai
Published: January 2025

Rapid urbanization in China has led to severe challenges in urban water resource management, including water scarcity, pollution, and the impacts of climate change. This study examines innovative technologies such as water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and urban green infrastructure, focusing on their implementation in major cities like Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. Through case studies and data analysis, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these solutions in addressing the pressing water management issues. The findings suggest that integrated water management strategies, supported by strong policy frameworks and public involvement, are critical for achieving sustainable urban water systems. The study concludes with recommendations for improving urban resilience to water-related challenges in the face of ongoing climate and demographic pressures.
An Overview of the Key Technology of Renewable Energy Multi-Energy Complementary Hydrogen-Storage-Transport
Authors: Wang Ziyue
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen Energy is the chemical energy that results from the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. It is also an environmental-friendly, safe and clean energy which can provide sustainable resources. Nowadays, hydrogen energy has become more and more popular due to its advantages. Therefore, the technologies of hydrogen production, transport and storage are obviously significant. To begin with, according to prior research, this section examines the benefits and advantages of hydrogen energy for humanity, as well as its developmental trajectory. Furthermore, it highlights the essential technologies of the complementary multi-energy hydrogen production system, detailing methods capable of generating hydrogen. The passage involves different kinds of energy production technology that help produce hydrogen energy. Lastly, the transportation and storage technology of hydrogen energy is summarized, and the paragraph also generalizes its disadvantages and outstanding features. This passage provides references for the development of renewable energy complementary systems controlling hydrogen technology.
Advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems: Enhancing Environmental Perception with Lidar Integration and Innovative Algorithms
Authors: Lu Chen
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the intricacies of autonomous driving systems, focusing on the four core modules: perception, sensing, decision-making, and control. The sensing module integrates various sensors like LiDAR, cameras, millimeter-wave radars, IMU, and GPS to gather essential data. The paper emphasizes the role of LiDAR in 3D object detection and point cloud segmentation, which are crucial for environmental perception. It also addresses the challenge of fusing data from multiple sensors into a unified coordinate system for effective decision-making. This research presents several significant advances in environmental perception. First there is a single-stage 3D object detection algorithm using sparse convolutional neural networks for improved speed and accuracy. Moreover there is a two-stage 3D object detection method focuses on detecting difficult targets through target center prediction. This method employs a novel neural network architecture, AOAP-SCNN, for feature extraction. Furthermore there is a point cloud instance segmentation algorithm (a method that separates and identifies individual objects in 3D space) utilizes a front view approach and a DLA network with Tiny-PointNet for feature extraction. Finally there is also an automatic calibration algorithm for LiDAR and camera systems based on segmentation, designed for real-time operation on embedded platforms, which corrects the extrinsic matrix and improves the self-calibration system's practical value. Building upon these technical innovations, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of intelligent vehicle technology including the history of development, the importance of environmental perception, and the application and limitations of LiDAR in intelligent vehicles.
ОБЗОР МЕТОДОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ОТСЛЕЖИВАНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В РЕАЛЬНОМ ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: Балгабек А.А. , Аким А.М. , Сибанбаева С.Е. , Бекаулова Ж.М.
Published: January 2025

Значительный прогресс был достигнут в разработке систем видеоаналитики и технологий аутентификации отдельных изображений. Однако проблемы с распознаванием динамических изображений сохраняются из-за сложности и изменчивости поведения в реальном мире. Определенные сценарии придают особое значение извлечению информации о структуре и движении объектов в пределах сцены, например, внутреннее видеонаблюдение в многолюдных местах, управление движением роботизированных систем и мониторинг движения транспортных средств. Для задач отслеживания объектов текущие исследования и разработки сосредоточены на решении следующих практических проблем: изменения в освещении сцены или условиях освещения изображения; шум, создаваемый системами камер; объекты, которые меняют форму с течением времени; временное исчезновение объектов из-за окклюзии другими объектами; одновременное движение нескольких объектов со схожими характеристиками и пересекающимися траекториями. В области распознавания объектов сохраняется острая потребность в алгоритмах реального времени, способных точно идентифицировать объекты в видеокадрах, несмотря на помехи или шум. Поэтому разработка, совершенствование и анализ алгоритмов отслеживания и распознавания объектов на видеоматериалах остаются важнейшими задачами на современном этапе научно-технического прогресса. Основной целью является разработка, совершенствование и изучение новых алгоритмов отслеживания и распознавания объектов на видеоматериалах с учетом искажений и помех. Эта работа соответствует практическим требованиям эффективной работы современных систем безопасности.
Patients Residing in Areas of Increased Social Vulnerability Are at an Increased Risk for Prolonged Length of Stay and Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Schuster Ian , Rana Parimal , Brennan Jane , Johnson Andrea , MacDonald James , King Paul , Turcotte Justin
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Patients undergoing hip fracture surgery face notable risks of postoperative morbidity and mortality, and racial and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes exist. This study examined the effect of social vulnerability on outcomes after hip fracture surgery using the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI).

Methods:

A retrospective study of 464 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery at a single institution from July 2020 to June 2023 was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, time to surgery, length of stay (LOS), and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with low versus high social vulnerability. SVI was calculated based on patient's zip code of residence. The 50th percentile of national SVI scores was used to divide patients into low and high vulnerability groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses were done to compare patient characteristics and outcomes between the groups. The primary outcome of interest was 1-year postoperative mortality.

Results:

No notable differences were observed in demographics, comorbidities, or procedure performed between the groups. Patients with increased social vulnerability had a higher rate of mortality within 1 year (low vulnerability: 12.2 vs. high vulnerability: 24.0%, P = 0.005) and a shorter time to mortality (340.7 vs. 138.9 days, P < 0.001). Patients with higher social vulnerability had longer LOS (β = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.35-1.88, P = 0.004), were 2.37 times more likely to experience mortality within 1 year (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.30-4.27, P = 0.004), and 1.75 times more likely to experience mortality at any time (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-2.99, P = 0.045).

Conclusion:

Patients residing in areas of increased social vulnerability were more likely to experience a longer LOS, and more likely to die within 1 year, or at any time after undergoing hip fracture surgery, when compared with those living less socially vulnerable regions. These findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at addressing social factors within hip fracture care pathways to mitigate socioeconomic disparities in patient outcomes.
Cost-effective contract negotiation strategies for international oil & gas projects
Authors: Egbumokei Peter Ifechukwude , Dienagha Ikiomoworio Nicholas , Digitemie Wags Numoipiri , Onukwulu Ekene Cynthia , Oladipo Olusola Temidayo
Published: January 2025

Cost-effective contract negotiation is a critical component in managing international oil and gas projects, where financial efficiency and operational reliability are paramount. The complexity of these projects, which often involve cross-border transactions, diverse stakeholders, and fluctuating market conditions, requires a strategic approach to negotiation. This review highlights key strategies for ensuring cost-effective contract negotiations in the sector. First, a focus on risk-sharing mechanisms allows parties to mitigate uncertainties related to oil price volatility, geopolitical risks, and environmental regulations, fostering mutually beneficial agreements. Collaborative negotiation techniques, where stakeholders adopt a partnership mindset, enhance trust and transparency, leading to better long-term outcomes. Emphasizing local content requirements and engaging with local partners can also reduce costs and improve regulatory compliance, ensuring smoother project execution. In addition, adopting a lifecycle cost analysis during negotiations enables stakeholders to account for long-term financial implications, rather than just initial costs, ensuring more sustainable economic outcomes. Contract standardization can further simplify negotiations by reducing ambiguities and accelerating the drafting process, while flexible pricing models allow for adaptability in response to changing market conditions, minimizing potential cost overruns. Technology integration, such as utilizing data analytics and contract management software, provides real-time insights into pricing, resource allocation, and potential legal complications, helping decision-makers to optimize contract terms. Furthermore, dispute resolution clauses should be carefully crafted to prevent costly legal battles, fostering quicker and more efficient resolutions in case of conflicts. Ultimately, cost-effective contract negotiation strategies require a balance of tactical expertise, legal knowledge, and financial foresight, ensuring the profitability and success of international oil and gas projects. These strategies also emphasize the importance of flexibility, collaboration, and risk management in navigating the intricacies of global oil and gas agreements.
Driving operational excellence in the LNG industry: Leveraging six sigma principles for continuous improvement
Authors: Egbumokei Peter Ifechukwude , Dienagha Ikiomoworio Nicholas , Digitemie Wags Numoipiri , Onukwulu Ekene Cynthia , Oladipo Olusola Temidayo
Published: January 2025

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry faces increasing pressure to drive operational excellence amidst growing competition, evolving market dynamics, and stringent regulatory requirements. In response, many LNG operators are turning to Six Sigma principles as a systematic approach to achieving continuous improvement and operational efficiency. This paper explores the application of Six Sigma methodologies in the LNG industry and its role in driving operational excellence. Six Sigma principles emphasize data-driven decision-making, process optimization, and the reduction of variation and defects. By applying these principles to LNG operations, organizations can identify and eliminate inefficiencies, minimize errors, and enhance overall performance. This Review highlights the key elements of driving operational excellence in the LNG industry through the implementation of Six Sigma principles. The Review discusses the importance of defining clear objectives and metrics for operational excellence initiatives, aligning them with organizational goals and customer requirements. It also emphasizes the critical role of leadership commitment and employee involvement in fostering a culture of continuous improvement and accountability. Furthermore, the Review examines the various stages of the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework and their application in LNG operations. From defining project scopes and establishing baseline performance metrics to analyzing root causes of issues and implementing process improvements, each stage is crucial for driving operational excellence and achieving sustainable results. Case studies and examples illustrate the successful application of Six Sigma principles in real-world LNG scenarios, showcasing how organizations have achieved significant cost savings, increased reliability, and improved safety through process optimization and defect reduction. Lastly, the Review discusses future trends and opportunities for leveraging Six Sigma in the LNG industry, including the integration of digital technologies, advanced analytics, and predictive modeling for enhanced operational performance and risk management. In conclusion, this Review provides insights into how Six Sigma principles can be effectively utilized to drive operational excellence in the LNG industry, enabling organizations to stay competitive, adapt to changing market conditions, and deliver value to stakeholders.
Ensuring compliance and safety in global procurement operations in the energy industry
Authors: Onukwulu Ekene Cynthia , Dienagha Ikiomoworio Nicholas , Digitemie Wags Numoipiri , Egbumokei Peter Ifechukwude , Oladipo Olusola Temidayo
Published: January 2025

Ensuring compliance and safety in global procurement operations within the energy industry is critical due to the sector's complex supply chains, high regulatory scrutiny, and inherent safety risks. This review explores key strategies and best practices that energy companies employ to maintain compliance and safety across global procurement processes. One critical area is the implementation of comprehensive procurement policies that align with local and international regulations, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Adopting robust supplier evaluation frameworks is essential to mitigate risks, ensuring that suppliers adhere to safety, environmental, and ethical standards. This includes rigorous vetting, ongoing audits, and the use of data analytics to monitor supplier performance. In addition, the incorporation of safety management systems (SMS) within procurement processes enhances the identification and mitigation of operational risks. Emphasizing Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) compliance, these systems enable companies to enforce strict safety protocols and maintain operational integrity. Another essential aspect is the integration of digital tools such as blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure transparency and traceability throughout the supply chain, thereby reducing fraud, corruption, and regulatory breaches. Moreover, fostering collaboration between procurement, legal, and compliance teams helps in ensuring that contract management aligns with industry standards and safety regulations. The training and upskilling of procurement professionals on evolving regulations and safety protocols is also emphasized to maintain a proactive approach to compliance. Finally, addressing geopolitical risks, fluctuating market conditions, and regulatory changes is crucial to sustaining global procurement operations. This review highlights the need for a holistic approach that combines regulatory compliance, technological innovation, and a strong safety culture to ensure that procurement operations in the energy industry are efficient, compliant, and safe.