bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of soluble sperm extract to improve cloning efficiency in zebrafish
Authors: Prukudom Sukumal , Perez Gloria I. , Cibelli Jose B. , Siripattarapravat Kannika
Published: December 2019

During somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), egg activation is required to initiate embryonic development. In zebrafish cloning, the reconstructed egg is activated by exposing it to hypotonic water. Egg activation using water-only is not capable of activating the same intracellular calcium release as fertilization which is required for proper embryonic development. Here we test whether the use of soluble sperm extract (SSE) can properly modulate the activation of reconstructed eggs during SCNT. We microinjected SSE from genomic-inactivated zebrafish sperm into unfertilized eggs and reconstructed eggs right after somatic cell nuclear transfer. We also evaluated the most effective approach for SSE microinjection. Microinjection of SSE (with 0.68 mg/ml of protein concentration) into non-activated eggs through the micropyle induced parthenogenetic development beyond the blastula stage, whereas all water-only activated eggs failed to enter the cleavage period. Microinjection of SSE at 1 mg/ml of protein concentration into non-activated reconstructed egg improved the developmental rate of cloned embryos in comparison to non-injected control clones. The cumulative survival time of cloned embryos injected with SSE was significantly longer than reconstructed eggs activated following sham injection (P<0.01). No significant difference was found among controls (P=0.32). SSE benefits both parthenogenesis and the survival cloned embryos which have never been reported in zebrafish. Further work is necessary to define the functional component(s) of SSE as well as the physiological pathway, to understand its principle of action and advance the utilization of SSE in cloning.
Small molecules and cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Araki Tsuyoshi , Saito Tamao
Published: December 2019

Dictyostelium is a microorganism found in soils that are known as the battle fields of chemical warfare. Genome analysis of Dictyostelium revealed that it has great potential for the production of small molecules, including secondary metabolites such as polyketides and terpenes.Polyketides are a large family of secondary metabolites which have a variety of structures. In accordance with their structural variety, polyketides have a plethora of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Unsurprisingly, they have exceptional medical importance. Polyketides in nature work as protective compounds and /or function in pheromonal communication. Terpenes belong to another family of structurally diverse secondary metabolites which play roles in ecological interactions, including defence against predators and formation of mutually beneficial alliance with other organisms. Polyketides and terpenes work as intra- or inter-species signalling compounds, i.e. they play the role of a chemical language. However, in Dictyostelium, they work as paracrine signalling compounds which control the organism’s multicellular morphogenesis. This review is primarily focused on the small molecules that regulate pattern formation in the slug stage of the organism and their biosynthetic pathways. Current in vivo understandings of polyketide DIF-1 induced cell differentiation and DIF-1-dependent/independent pathways are also discussed.
Living on soup: macropinocytic feeding in amoebae
Authors: Kay Robert R. , Williams Thomas D. , Manton James D. , Traynor David , Paschke Peggy
Published: December 2019

Macropinocytosis is used by a variety of amoebae for feeding on liquid medium. The amoebae project cups and ruffles from their plasma membrane, driven by actin polymerization, and eventually fuse these back to the membrane, entrapping droplets of medium into internal vesicles. These vesicles are of up to several microns in diameter and are processed through the lysosomal digestive system to extract nutrients. Recognizably the same process is used in metazoan cells for a number of medically important purposes, including the pathological growth of cancer cells. We describe the discovery of macropinocytosis in Dictyostelium amoebae, its genetic regulation by the NF1 RasGAP, and the tools available for its investigation. Work on Dictyostelium over the last 30 years has identified many genes that may be important for macropinocytosis, which are listed at dictyBase, and give a basis for mechanistic studies. We argue that the actin cytoskeleton is organized for macropinocytosis by a signalling patch of PIP3 and active Ras and Rac, together with their regulatory proteins and effectors, including the protein kinases Akt and SGK. The Scar/WAVE complex is recruited to the periphery of this patch, triggering the formation of a hollow ring of protrusive actin polymerization, and eventually a macropinocytic cup. Major problems to be addressed include: the dynamics sustaining macropinocytic patches and the mechanism of Scar/WAVE recruitment; the mechanisms of cup closure and of membrane fusion; the ecological situations where amoebae feed by macropinocytosis; and the evolutionary relationship between macropinocytosis and growth factor signalling.
(Auto)Biographical reflections on the contributions of William F. Loomis (1940-2016) to Dictyostelium biology
Authors: Kuspa Adam , Shaulsky Gad
Published: December 2019

William Farnsworth Loomis studied the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum for more than fifty years as a professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego, USA. This biographical reflection describes Dr. Loomis’ major scientific contributions to the field within a career arc that spanned the early days of molecular biology up to the present day where the acquisition of high-dimensional datasets drive research. Dr. Loomis explored the genetic control of social amoeba development, delineated mechanisms of cell differentiation, and significantly advanced genetic and genomic technology for the field. The details of Dr. Loomis’ multifaceted career are drawn from his published work, from an autobiographical essay that he wrote near the end of his career and from extensive conversations between him and the two authors, many of which took place on the deck of his beachfront home in Del Mar, California.
Cellular allorecognition and its roles in Dictyostelium development and social evolution
Authors: Kundert Peter , Shaulsky Gad
Published: December 2019

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a tractable model organism to study cellular allorecognition, which is the ability of a cell to distinguish itself and its genetically similar relatives from more distantly related organisms. Cellular allorecognition is ubiquitous across the tree of life and affects many biological processes. Depending on the biological context, these versatile systems operate both within and between individual organisms, and both promote and constrain functional heterogeneity. Some of the most notable allorecognition systems mediate neural self-avoidance in flies and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. D. discoideum’s allorecognition system shares several structures and functions with other allorecognition systems. Structurally, its key regulators reside at a single genomic locus that encodes two highly polymorphic proteins, a transmembrane ligand called TgrC1 and its receptor TgrB1. These proteins exhibit isoform-specific, heterophilic binding across cells. Functionally, this interaction determines the extent to which co-developing D. discoideum strains co-aggregate or segregate during the aggregation phase of multicellular development. The allorecognition system thus affects both development and social evolution, as available evidence suggests that the threat of developmental cheating represents a primary selective force acting on it. Other significant characteristics that may inform the study of allorecognition in general include that D. discoideum’s allorecognition system is a continuous and inclusive trait, it is pleiotropic, and it is temporally regulated.
Extracellular signaling in Dictyostelium
Authors: Consalvo Kristen M. , Rijal Ramesh , Tang Yu , Kirolos Sara A. , Smith Morgan R. , Gomer Richard H.
Published: December 2019

In the last few decades, we have learned a considerable amount about how eukaryotic cells communicate with each other, and what it is the cells are telling each other. The simplicity of Dictyostelium discoideum, and the wide variety of available tools to study this organism, makes it the equivalent of a hydrogen atom for cell and developmental biology. Studies using Dictyostelium have pioneered a good deal of our understanding of eukaryotic cell communication. In this review, we will present a brief overview of how Dictyostelium cells use extracellular signals to attract each other, repel each other, sense their local cell density, sense whether the nearby cells are starving or stressed, count themselves to organize the formation of structures containing a regulated number of cells, sense the volume they are in, and organize their multicellular development. Although we are probably just beginning to learn what the cells are telling each other, the elucidation of Dictyostelium extracellular signals has already led to the development of possible therapeutics for human diseases.
Reseña de Geografía de Europa. Estructuras, procesos y dinámicas territoriales
Authors: Rullan Salamanca Onofre
Published: December 2019

Desde finales de la década de 2000 la editorial valenciana Tirant, en su sección Humanidades/Geografía, lleva publicados casi una veintena de títulos, el último de los cuales aquí reseñado corresponde a una edición profundamente renovada y ampliada —de contenidos y autorías—del volumen Geografía de Europa publicado por Ariel en 2000 y coordinado entonces por Francisco López Palomeque.Diecinueve años después, la nueva Geografía de Europa de 2019, a la que ahora se le añade el subtítulo Estructuras, procesos y dinámicas territoriales, ha sido editada y coordinada por el mismo Francisco López Palomeque y Juan Ignacio Plaza Gutiérrez.
Networks in international opportunity recognition among Finnish wood product industry SMEs
Authors: Hietala Jyri , Hänninen Riitta , Kniivilä Matleena , Toppinen Anne
Published: December 2019

Bioeconomy development will create new opportunities for firms operating in the international wood products markets, and identifying and exploiting these opportunities is emphasized as a key concept to achieving business success. Our study will attempt to address a gap in the literature on sawmill industry business development from the viewpoint of international opportunity recognition. The aim of our study is to provide a holistic description on how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the wood products industry recognize and exploit international business opportunities, and how they utilize network perspectives in this context. The subject was examined through Finnish wood product industry SMEs by interviewing 11 managers and industry representatives. The results suggest that SMEs recognize international opportunities reactively per se. Social networks formed in professional forums were an important information channel for identifying international opportunities. Through vertical business networks, such as sales agents, firms have been able to increase their international market presence and free their own resources for other important activities. Horizontal dyadic business networks were seen to facilitate new international opportunities through cooperation, while excessive reliance on vertical networks raised concerns and seemed not to be effective in international opportunity recognition. Institutional networks formed a systematic way of recognizing international opportunities, but more so at the initial market entry stage.
A Educação Ambiental no Ensino e na Prática Escolar da Escola Estadual Cândido Mariano – Aquidauana/MS
Authors: Fragoso Edjane , Nascimento Elisangela Castedo Maria
Published: December 2019

O pensamento ambiental é uma teoria que integra o pensamento e os valores, a razão e o sentido; as diferenças e as diversidades, a cultura, e a natureza. Baseado no pensamento ambiental essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de verificar de que maneira a Educação Ambiental está sendo desenvolvida no Ensino Fundamental II da Escola Estadual Cândido Mariano – Aquidauana/MS. Foi aplicado aos professores um questionário para identificar a concepção de meio ambiente e investigar a concepção de meio ambiente dos professores e se desenvolvem EA em suas aulas. Observou-se que a maioria dos professores possui uma correta concepção de meio ambiente assim como desenvolvem a EA nos conteúdos de ciências e geografia.

Environmental Education in the Teaching and School Practice of Cândido Mariano State School - Aquidauana / MS

Environmental thinking is a theory that integrates thought and values, reason and meaning; The differences and the diversities, the culture, and the nature. Based on environmental thinking, this research had the objective of verifyinga how the Environmental Education is being developed in elementary education II of the Cândido Mariano State School - Aquidauana / MS. A questionnaire was applied to teachers to identify the environment conception and to investigate the environmental conception of teachers and to develop EE in their classes. It was

observed that most teachers have a correct conception of the environment as well as develop EE in the contents of sciences and geography.

Keywords: Environmental Education, Conception of the Environment,

Elementary Education II
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: DISCUSSÃO DE POSSIBILIDADE
Authors: Martinelli Núbia Rosa Baquini da Silva
Published: December 2019

Apresentamos recorte de pesquisa qualitativa sobre saberes discentes produzidos na relação entre os movimentos de ensinar e aprender na escola, com foco em construções conceituais relativas a educação ambiental. Analisamos as manifestações discentes e docentes em aula, como elemento redirecionador dos planejamentos e do curso da aula, ressignificando o ensinar e o aprender. Interações dialógicas em aulas de Ciências do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental foram vídeo-gravadas, transcritas e analisadas, segundo a teoria das interações discursivas (BAKHTIN, 2006), utilizando o conceito de enunciação, como categoria analítica. Resultados parciais apontam construções conceituais, como: extinção das espécies; conhecimentos das populações tradicionais; contextualização local; conhecimento cotidiano; descarte de materiais e padrões de consumo.
Uso da educação ambiental como ferramenta-chave no processo de recuperação ambiental
Authors: Porfiro Sales Gonçalves da Silva Vicente Elício , Maria Pimentel Monte Pollyana , Brito Sara Letícia Lopes de Souza , Da Silva Lucas , Silva Maria Amanda Menezes
Published: December 2019

O uso indisciplinado da terra é considerado a principal causa da degradação em todo o mundo, essa causa vai depender da forma como esse uso é realizado, bem como a finalidade e a resiliência do ecossistema impactado. Por ser um dos ecossistemas de terras secas mais diversificados do mundo, caracterizado por uma mistura de plantas lenhosas e herbáceas, com dominância de espécies florestais xerófitas e de folha caduca, a Caatinga sofre grande pressão pelo uso indisciplinado, apresentando altos índices de degradação. Diante disso, este trabalho buscou incorporar e analisar o papel da população nos processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas por meio da educação ambiental. Para isso, realizou-se uma mobilização no IFCE campus Quixadá, em quatro etapas abrangendo as etapas de uma recuperação ambiental: instruções, quebra de dormência, germinação, plantio e monitoramento. Conluiu-se que a população não tem o hábito de realizar tais práticas, mas tem bastante facilidade em assimilar os procedimentos. Além disso, conferiu-se a tamanha importância do monitoramento para o sucesso da recuperação.
Uso do Storytelling na educação ambiental para sensibilizar crianças sobre as arraias de água doce
Authors: Gomes Corrêa Yara , Simone Seibert Carla
Published: December 2019

Os encontros frequentes entre as arraias de água doce e os seres humanos, às margens dos reservatórios de Usinas Hidrelétricas da Bacia Tocantins-Araguaia, nem sempre são amistosos. Este artigo objetivou desenvolver, com vistas à aplicação, o uso do storytelling no contexto da educação ambiental para sensibilizar o público infantil das escolas públicas estaduais e ribeirinhas do reservatório do lago da Usina Hidrelétrica do Lajeado, orla de Porto Nacional – TO, sobre a relação entre os seres humanos e as arraias de água doce. Os resultados indicaram que a metodologia do storytelling, aliados à popularização da ciência e à interdisciplinaridade, na educação ambiental, se mostrou eficaz para o público infantil. Os participantes se identificaram no contexto situacional real e no contexto criado, corroborando com a literatura. Concluiu-se que houve aceitação dos participantes da pesquisa-ação, bem como a introjeção satisfatória por parte do público alvo, validando-se o uso do storytelling na educação ambiental para aplicação em sensibilizações similares.
O poder da infância: espiritualidade e política em afroperspectiva
Authors: Noguera Renato
Published: December 2019

Nós assumimos uma abordagem afroperspectivista para analisar o “poder da infância”. Este artigo tem objetivo de apresentar a infância como um modo de ser extraordinário. Após a leitura de duas narrativas espirituais, nós vinculamos a infância com poder verdadeiro. Em termos afroperspectivistas, a política e a espiritualidade só são atividades mais bem sucedidas a partir da infância. A análise comparativa entre Cristianismo e Candomblé levou-nos ao ponto de vista de que ambas convergem num aspecto central. A infância é o fundamento da conexão entre as dimensões espiritual e material, e a superação desta dualidade. A Infância é chave para produção de uma política biocêntrica.
Pedagogías para la paz en Colombia: un primer acercamiento
Authors: Adarve Zuluaga Paola , González Álvarez Santiago , Guerrero Quintana Maria Angélica
Published: December 2019

Las pedagogías para la paz (PpP) en Colombia tienen una larga y desconocida trayectoria. Presentamos algunos resultados de una investigación cualitativa y bibliográfica sobre la historia, concepciones y prácticas de las PpP movimientos sociales y experiencias comunitarias que influenciaron su emergencia en Colombia, su escenario legal e institucional y su relación con el reciente Acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno nacional y las Farc-Ep. Finalmente, surgen tres puntos de tensión: la paz hegemónica, la deconstrucción de la imagen del enemigo y la paz como mera cátedra. Este trabajo visibiliza solo algunas iniciativas educativas y pedagógicas que trabajan por la paz en Colombia, evidenciando la necesidad de más documentación e investigación empírica y teórica en el tema.
Dekolorisasi pewarna tosca menggunakan koagulan ferro sulfat dan lumpur aktif dari pabrik teksil di salatiga pada kondisi aerob
Authors: Noerwahju Agustien Sri , Meitiniarti Vincentia Irene , Kasmiyati Sri
Published: December 2019

Industri tekstil mengeluarkan air limbah dengan kualitas COD, padatan tersuspensi, warna yang relatif buruk dan mengandung logam berat yang bergantung pada zat warna yang digunakan. Saat ini Perda Prop Jawa Tengah no 5 tahun 2012, belum mengatur parameter warnasebagai parameter uji namun limbahberwarna harus tetap diolah karena menyangkut masalah estetika. Salah satu pewarna yang sulit didegradasikan melalui pengolahan biologi maupun kimia/fisika adalah pewarna Turquise Blue atau Tosca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengurangan absorbansi warna, kandungan COD dan TSS pada limbah tekstil sintetik yang mengandung pewarna tosca dengan penambahan ferro-sulfat dan lumpur aktif pada waktu tinggal tertentu dengan proses aerob. Penelitian ini menggunakan limbah cair sintetik yang mengandung pewarna tosca dengan konsentrasi warna yang sama dengan warna air limbah aslinya (absorbansi warna diukur pada l 536 nm). Pengolahan dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan proses Ferro-sulfat dan lumpur aktif pada kondisi aerob dengan sistem Sequencing bacth reactor (curah berurutan). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada jam ke 48, dan jam ke 72. Parameter yang diamati adalah absorbansi warna, COD dan TSS. Efisiensi pengurangan parameter tersebut dibandingkan pada semua perlakuan. Dari hasil penelitian didapat efisiensi penurunan terbaik untuk COD, TSS, dan absorbansi warna, berturut-turut adalah sebesar 79, 60, dan 52% pada pengolahan jam ke 72.
Penilaian Komunitas dan Keterkaitan Lingkungan Terhadap Mangrove di Pesisir Desa Minaluli, Kecamatan Mangoli Utara, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar
Published: December 2019

Ekosistem mangrove terdistribusi secara luas di wilayah pesisir desa Minaluli, Kecamatan Mangoli Utara. Ekosistem ini dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk kegiatan penangkapan ikan, kepiting, udang dan gastropoda. Informasi tentang status dan kondisi lingkungan mangrove di wilayah ini belum tersedia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi komunitas dan keterkaitan parameter lingkungan terhadap mangrove. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli 2018 di desa Minaluli, Kecamatan Mangoli Utara. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada empat stasiun menggunakan metode transect quadrant dan spot check. Analisis data mangrove meliputi kerapatan jenis, frekuensi jenis, tutupan, nilai penting jenis dan keanekaragaman jenis. Keterkaitan antara variabel lingkungan seperti substart, suhu, salinitas, pH air dan pH tanah dengan mangrove di menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principle Components Analysis). Hasil penelitian ditemukan tujuh jenis dari tiga famili mangrove. Ketebalan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Desa Minaluli berdasarkan pengamatan adalah 80 meter (Stasiun I), 110 meter (Stasiun II), 60 meter (Stasiun III) dan 50 meter (Stasiun IV). Nilai kerapatan mangrove tertinggi (Stasiun I), frekuensi tertinggi (Stasiun I), tutupan tertinggi (StasiunI), Nilai penting keseluruhan stasiun 300 dan keanekaragaman tertinggi (Stasiun II). Keanekaragaman jenis masuk dalam kategori sedang. Karakteristik lingkungan mangrove memperlihatkan adanya keterkaitan antara variabel.Kata kunci : Analisis komponen utama, desa Minaluli, mangrove, lingkungan, tutupanlingkungan,
Research on Quality of Maize Grain as a Result of the Application of an Innnovative System for Storing Grain Under Operating Conditions
Authors: Bartkowiak Anna , Gracz Weronika , Marcinkowski Damian , Skrzypek Damian , Wojtaszyk Szymon
Published: December 2019

This study analyses the results of research on the improvement of grain quality using a filling core in a grain silo. The research is a part of the research project aimed at developing an innovative system for drying and storing maize grain that, among other benefits, reduces grain damage. Two series were carried out: a control series, in which a chute was applied as the main element, and an operation series, in which a cascade chute was used for testing. The analysis conducted on the simulated operating conditions showed a 4-5-fold reduction in the amount of grain damaged following the application of the filling core compared with the control series. It has also been shown that a 6-meter cascade chute considerably decreases the velocity of the falling grain when loading the silo.
Effect of Specimen Preparation on Volumetric Behavior of Sands under Cyclic Multidirectional Shear
Authors: Bhaumik Lopamudra , Rutherford Cassandra J. , Olson Scott M. , Hashash Youssef M. A. , Cerna-Diaz Alfonso , Numanoglu Ozgun A. , Weaver Thomas
Published: December 2019

Laboratory specimen preparation methods can significantly influence the dynamic shear-induced volumetric response of sands. In this study, a medium dense to very dense Ottawa sand (relative density, DR = ∼60–95 %) was systematically tested using a multidirectional cyclic direct simple shear device to evaluate the influence of specimen preparation on drained cyclic volumetric strain. Both unidirectional and bidirectional cyclic loads were applied to specimens created using four preparation techniques: dry funnel deposition, dry soil raining, dry funnel deposition followed by table vibrations, and dry funnel deposition followed by cyclic shearing. The results indicate that as DR increases, the effect of specimen preparation on volumetric strain decreases. Specifically, the results illustrate that volumetric strain of medium dense sand (DR = 57–74 %) is affected by specimen preparation, which is consistent with the literature. In contrast, dense to very dense specimens (DR > 80 %) exhibited comparable volumetric strain independent of the specimen preparation method. This observation is consistent for both unidirectional and bidirectional cyclic loading.
Characterization of the c10orf76‐PI4KB complex and its necessity for Golgi PI4P levels and enterovirus replication
Authors: McPhail Jacob A , Lyoo Heyrhyoung , Pemberton Joshua G , Hoffmann Reece M , van Elst Wendy , Strating Jeroen RPM , Jenkins Meredith L , Stariha Jordan TB , Powell Cameron J , Boulanger Martin J , Balla Tamas , van Kuppeveld Frank JM , Burke John E
Published: December 2019

The lipid kinase PI4KB, which generates phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P), is a key enzyme in regulating membrane transport and is also hijacked by multiple picornaviruses to mediate viral replication. PI4KB can interact with multiple protein binding partners, which are differentially manipulated by picornaviruses to facilitate replication. The protein c10orf76 is a PI4KB‐associated protein that increases PI4P levels at the Golgi and is essential for the viral replication of specific enteroviruses. We used hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to characterize the c10orf76‐PI4KB complex and reveal that binding is mediated by the kinase linker of PI4KB, with formation of the heterodimeric complex modulated by PKA‐dependent phosphorylation. Complex‐disrupting mutations demonstrate that PI4KB is required for membrane recruitment of c10orf76 to the Golgi, and that an intact c10orf76‐PI4KB complex is required for the replication of c10orf76‐dependent enteroviruses. Intriguingly, c10orf76 also contributed to proper Arf1 activation at the Golgi, providing a putative mechanism for the c10orf76‐dependent increase in PI4P levels at the Golgi.
Pemaknaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga terhadap Pesan-Pesan Pada Radio Komunitas Pekka FM
Authors: Chairiawaty Chairiawaty
Published: December 2019

The research objective is to obtain a picture of the female head of household in interpreting broadcasts on Pekka FM Community Radio in Batumulik Village, Lombok, including; knowledge of broadcasts on Pekka FM radio, the most popular radio broadcasts, benefits and changes that occur to female household heads after listening to Pekka FM radio broadcasts. Research using the phenomenological method. Data collection is done through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that female heads of the household knew and knew Pekka FM Radio as a radio that delivered broadcasts and provided knowledge about various things, the most preferred radio broadcasts by informants were about women's reproduction, adolescent health, family planning, pregnancy, news about Pekka, entertainment and advertising. The change felt by women household heads after listening to broadcasts on Pekka FM Radio is that it can change the mindset and mentality of women household heads, so that they become confident, diligently care for the body, and dare to speak. Broadcast programs that provide significant change can answer the needs of the audience.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai Perempuan Kepala Keluarga dalam memaknai siaran-siaran pada Radio Komunitas Pekka FM di Dusun Batumulik Lombok, meliputi ; pengetahuan terhadap siaran-siaran di radio Pekka FM, siaran radio yang paling diminati, manfaat dan perubahan yang terjadi pada perempuan kepala keluarga setelah mendengarkan siaran-siaran radio Pekka FM. Penelitian menggunakan metode fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Para perempuan kepala keluarga mengenal dan mengetahui Radio Pekka FM sebagai Radio yang menyampaikan siaran-siaran dan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai berbagai hal, siaran radio yang paling disukai oleh para informan adalah mengenai reproduksi wanita, kesehatan remaja, KB, kehamilan, berita seputar Pekka, hiburan dan iklan. Perubahan yang dirasakan oleh para perempuan kepala keluarga setelah mendengarkan siaran-siaran pada Radio Pekka FM adalah, dapat mengubah pola pikir dan mental para perempuan kepala keluarga, sehingga menjadi percaya diri, rajin merawat tubuh, dan berani berbicara. Program-program siaran yang memberikan perubahan signifikan adalah yang mampu menjawab kebutuhan khalayak.
La atenuación mediante la partícula discursiva ¿eh? en el lenguaje adolescente de Madrid
Authors: Jørgensen Annette Myre
Published: December 2019

The discourse particle eh has a high frequency in the Madrid teenage talk. The different functions this short particle displays in the interaction, as for instance: calling upon the hearer’s attention, demanding approval or asking for a repetition of what is said, or hedging is worth some attention. One of the many functions attributed to this particle is the hedging one, especially when there are utterances containing speech acts conveying orders, critics and recriminations, which could imply a face threat. This paper will therefore describe the hedging function of the final interrogative ¿eh? in the oral speech among Madrid teenagers. Hedging is a pragmatic strategy by which the speaker minimizes the effects of the utterance. It can have impact on different elements in the communicative process: the message, the speaker, the hearer and the relation between both. Although teenagers are not known for their tendency to soften the content and effect of their sayings, there are several utterances among the Madrid teenagers that present a certain hedging through the particle ¿eh? in a final position.

The examples used in this study are extracted from the Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Aolescente, COLA-corpus (http://www.colam.org/), which contains spontaneous, informal teenage (13 to 19 years) talk from Madrid. There are more than 5000 concordances with ¿eh? displaying a wide array of functions in different positions in the utterance. The cases that have ¿eh? in a final position and a hedging function have been selected for the analysis of this paper.
Correction to: RILEM and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) over the past 50 years
Authors: Garboczi E. J.
Published: December 2019

The article [RILEM and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) over the past 50 years], written by [E. J. Garboczi], was originally published electronically on the publisher’s Internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 20 September without open access.
Correction to: Understanding of historical masonry for conservation approaches: the contribution of Prof. Luigia Binda to research advancement
Authors: Anzani Anna , Cardani Giuliana , Condoleo Paola , Garavaglia Elsa , Saisi Antonella , Tedeschi Cristina , Tiraboschi Claudia , Valluzzi Maria Rosa
Published: December 2019

The article [Title], written by [AuthorNames], was originally published electronically.
Did I Break It? Recording Indigenous (Customary) Law
Authors: Napoleon Val
Published: December 2019

In this paper, I explore several issues emerging in the discourse about the recording of indigenous law by drawing on several examples of my research and work with indigenous law in Canada. This is an important inquiry because there are limiting and disturbing fundamentalist premises underlying the debate regarding the recording of indigenous law. To take up these issues, I analyse and articulate the law and legal processes from two indigenous oral histories. The question under consideration is whether by this recording and analysis, I have somehow damaged Gitxsan law. In other words, did I break it?
A decadal analysis of particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) over Vaal Priority Area, South Africa
Authors: Govender Kogieluxmie , Sivakumar Venkataraman
Published: December 2019

Atmospheric pollutants that affect human health most significantly are particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3). This paper analysed the long-term temporal trends for PM2.5 and ground level O3 for six air quality monitoring stations in the Vaal Triangle Area of South Africa from 2007 to 2017. Research has been conducted on the short-term temporal trends for PM2.5 concentration and surface O3 concentrations. There are no studies that have focussed on the long-term temporal trends for PM2.5 and O3 in the Vaal Triangle Area of South Africa, because these air quality monitoring stations have only existed for a period of approximately 11 years. The data used in this study is derived from ground-based instruments from the South African Weather Service. Temporal patterns for time of day, days of the week, and seasons were observed for all air quality stations. PM2.5 concentration increased during early mornings and late afternoons, with higher concentration during weekdays than weekends and an increase from late winter through to spring and summer. Surface O3 concentrations peaked during the spring and summer months and during midday when there was maximum sunlight acting as a catalyst for photochemical reactions. The long term trends illustrated that there has been no significant decrease in annual average concentration for PM2.5 in four of the six stations and surface O3 for the six stations in the past 10 years in the Vaal Triangle Area of South Africa.
Ricotia carnosula’nın saksı bitkisi olarak kullanımında bitki yoğunluğunun peyzaj performansına Etkisi
Authors: KÖSA Selma
Published: December 2019

Peyzaj mimarlığında özellikle ön bahçelerde ve dar alanlarda farklı görsel etkiler yaratmak amacıyla saksılı bitkilerle bitkisel tasarımlar yapılabilmektedir. Saksılı bitki kullanımlarında mevsimlik çiçeklerin kullanımı çoğu zaman, kullanıcılara bakım açısından kolaylık sağlarken aynı zamanda farklı mevsimlerde tür çeşitliliği yaratmada pratik çözümler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ricotia carnosula türünün saksılı kullanımındaki peyzaj performansına bitki yoğunluğunun etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2018 yılında Antalya merkezde, açık alanda, Mart-Mayıs ayları (8 hafta) arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, sadece toprak ortamının doldurulduğu çapı 20 cm olan 1.5 litrelik plastik saksılardaki 3 farklı bitki yoğunluğunun (saksı başına 1, 3, 5 bitki) peyzaj performansına olan etkisi, her hafta yapılan bitki büyüme özelliklerinin ölçülmesi ve görsel kalitenin puanlanması ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, görsel kalitenin ve bitki büyüme özelliklerinin farklı bitki yoğunluklarına göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiş ve en iyi peyzaj performansının 3 bitkili saksılarda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, R. carnosula türünün saksılı kullanımında yaklaşık 8 hafta boyunca çiçeklenme göstererek etkinliğini sürdürebildiğini ve bitkisel tasarımda saksılı bitki olarak kullanımının mümkün olabildiğini ortaya koymuştur..
Examining of Secondary School Students’ Integrated Science Process Skills
Authors: CHOKCHAİ Oranit , PİMDEE Paitoon
Published: December 2019

Integrated science process skills (ISPS) are a fundamental variable in scientific inquiry and scientific literacy. If students are proficient in this skill, they will be ready for living and working in the 21st-century, which requires the application of scientific knowledge and scientific inquiry. For these reasons, the researchers undertook a study to investigate the ISPS of Thai lower secondary school students. From the use of stratified random sampling, 350 Bangkok, Thailand Grade 8 secondary school students were selected. The SPSS Version 23 statistics software was used for data analysis of the mean and standard deviation. A first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also employed. Findings from the research determined that student ISPS consisted of five indicators, including 1) controlling variables 2) hypotheses formulation 3) defining variables operationally 4) experimentation, and 5) data interpretation. Findings also revealed that overall, student ISPS were at a level that needed improvement.
Impact of Infusing Truth-Seeking and Open-Minded Behaviors on Mathematical Problem-Solving
Authors: AS'ARİ Abdur Rahman , KURNİATİ Dian , ABDULLAH Abdul Halim , MUKSAR Makbul , SUDİRMAN Sudirman
Published: December 2019

The aims to investigate the impact of infusing
truth-seeking and open-mindedness toward students’ dispositions and
achievement. The study employed an educational design research approach, and a
total of 20 in-service mathematics teachers from Indonesia were involved in the
study. These participants were taught using two different treatments during a
one-semester mathematical problem-solving course. In the first treatment,
students were encouraged to assume that all provided information in the
problems is correct; meanwhile, in the second treatment, students were
encouraged to seek the truth and analyze the possible different point of view.
Both treatments were employed alternately every week. The result of the study
indicated after the infusion period that students tend to show critical thinking
dispositions when they have to solve a mathematical problem, and their
mathematics achievement also outperforms students who never informed
truth-seeking and open-minded behaviors.
CRISPR/Cas9 based knockout generation in Aurantiochytrium limacinum (ATCC MYA-1381) v1
Authors: Karthikaichamy Anbarasu , Collier Jackie
Published: December 2019

Transformation protocol for electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in urantiochytrium limacinum (ATCC MYA-1381; Stramenopile/ Heterokont, Thraustochytrid).
Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Bilişsel ve Üstbilişsel İşlevlere Dair Bir Durum Tespiti
Authors: KARADAĞ Özay , TEKERCİOĞLU Hacer
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe ders kitaplarının hangi bilişsel ve üst bilişsel
işlevleri kapsadığını belirlemek ve öğretmenlerin bu işlevlere yönelik algı
durumlarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden iç içe
geçmiş çoklu durum deseni ile hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan veri toplama
araçları, standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu görüşme soruları, uzman görüşü alınarak
hazırlanmış bilişsel ve üstbilişsel işlevler ölçütü ve doküman analizidir.
Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi ile kategorize edilmiş ve
açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki bilişsel ve
üstbilişsel işlevlerin homojen bir dağılım göstermediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ders
kitaplarında yer alan etkinlikler, kazanımların etkinliğe dönüştürüldüğü
örnekler olmuştur. Üstbilişsel işlevler, ders kitaplarında sonuç odaklı ölçme
değerlendirme araçları olmuş, metin ya da metne bağlı hazırlanan etkinlikler bu
işlevleri geliştirecek şekilde ders kitaplarında yer almamıştır. Öğretmenlerin,
bilişsel ve üstbilişsel işlevler konusunda sezgisel bir öğretim metodu
benimsedikleri, bunun yanında metinleri ve metne bağlı hazırlanan etkinlikleri
bu işlevler bakımından değerlendirmedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
ANCESTRALIDADE FEMININA: DA ESSÊNCIA DO SAGRADO AOS MOVIMENTOS FEMINISTAS, MULHERES NEGRAS E REPRESENTATIVIDADE
Authors: Silva Simoni Rosinalda Côrrea da
Published: December 2019

O artigo em questão aborda os conceitos de ancestralidade, gênero, etnia e religiões de matriz africana, ressaltando a importância das mulheres e da essência feminina na cosmovisão Iorubá . O artigo dialoga com as contribuições de tais religiões para o movimento feminista negro. Sabe-se que representatividade se justifica em decorrência da caracterização que diferencia a ideia de gênero, como uma construção cultural, da ideia da segmentação biológica, admitida pela ciência. E, como apontado recorrentemente por estudos e pesquisas, as buscas ligadas a este dualismo estão diretamente relacionadas à temática racial e de gênero. Assim, refletimos, mediante a filosofia Iorubá, no que tange aos conceitos de sagrado feminino, em seguida abordamos a história do feminismo negro, e por fim a relação entre mulher negra e sua representatividade, no intuito de compreender qual é o papel das mesmas na formação social do Brasil.
Antiangiogenic gene therapy in inhibition of metastasis.
Authors: Szala Stanislaw , Szary Jaroslaw , Cichoń Tomasz , Sochanik Aleksander
Published: December 2019

This short review attempts to demonstrate the usefulness of antiangiogenic gene therapy in achieving inhibition of growth in experimentally-induced metastases. Certain normal tissues (for example skeletal muscle) may be used in vivo, after genetic modification, as a "bioreactor", able to produce and secrete into the bloodstream proteins known to exert antiangiogenic effects. By inhibiting neoangiogenesis these proteins would thus prevent the development of metastases. The review discusses also the perspectives of antimetastatic therapy based on certain types of allogenic cells (for example myoblasts and fibroblasts) that had been genetically modified and then microencapsulated. The strategy of encapsulation is aimed at protecting the modified cells secreting antiangiogenic factors from being eliminated by the immune system. Secretion of antiangiogenic proteins by these microencapsulated cells can be controlled with inducible promoters. Antiangiogenic genes remaining under the transcriptional control of such promoters may be switched on and off using antibiotics, such as tetracycline derivatives, or steroid hormones.
Metabolic activation of adriamycin by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase; overview of its biological and biochemical effects.
Authors: Bartoszek Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase) is one of the enzymes implicated in the metabolism of adriamycin, a very important clinically used antitumour drug. However, apart from the enzyme involvement, so far little was known about the chemical route and biochemical effects of this process. We demonstrated that the application of P450 reductase simultaneously with adriamycin to tumour cells in culture significantly increased cytotoxicity of the drug. Under tissue culture conditions, we noticed also that, in the presence of P450 reductase, adriamycin metabolite(s), displaying an altered spectrum within the visible light range were formed. This observation was taken adavantage of to study the metabolism of adriamycin in cell-free systems, using initially the enzyme isolated from rat liver and the recently obtained recombinant human P450 reductase. The reductive conversion of the drug turned out to be a multi-stage process, which occurred only under aerobic conditions and was accompanied by excessive NADPH consumption. Further research carried out with the aid of radical scavengers and radiolabelled adriamycin revealed that the enhancement of biological activity of adriamycin by P450 reductase stemmed from the formation of alkylating metabolite(s) rather than from the promotion of redox cycling known to be induced in the presence of anthracyclines.
Expression of p16 in sporadic primary uveal melanoma.
Authors: Lamperska Katarzyna , Mackiewicz Krystyna , Kaczmarek Aldona , Kwiatkowska Eliza , Starzycka Maria , Romanowska Bozena , Heizman Janina , Stachura Jerzy , Mackiewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Expression of p16 protein, intragenic mutations of CDKN2A and hypermethylation of CDKN2A promoter region in 41 sporadic primary uveal melanomas were studied. There were 2 cases of spindle cell B histological type, 11 of A + B and 28 of mixed type. All melanomas infiltrated sclera but in 28 cases infiltration was superficial while in 13 profound. In 7 cases the tumor infiltrated the optic nerve. Expression of p16 was studied by immunohistochemistry and recorded by assessment of the proportion of positive tumor cells and staining intensity. Results were expressed as staining index (IRS). Intragenic mutations were studied by PCR-SSCP followed by sequencing, while hypermethylation of the promoter region by CpG methylation assay. In 15% of cases less than 10% of melanoma cells were p16 positive, in 70% of cases less than 50% of cells, while in 7% more than 80% of cells stained for p16 (mean IRS for all cases was 4.87 +/- 2.43). In B type the IRS was 8.5 +/- 0.7, in A + B type 6.0 +/- 2.1 and in the mixed type 4.17 +/- 2.43 (differences statistically significant). In melanomas profoundly infiltrating sclera mean IRS was 4.16, while in those infiltrating optic nerve 3.71 (statistically not significant). Analysis of the intragenic mutations revealed in two patients a GAC/GAT substitution in codon 84--a silent mutation. No hypermethylation of the CpG island of the p16 promoter region was found. In conclusion, we found that the degree of p16 expression is related to the histological type of tumor but not to the histological indicators of tumor invasiveness and that intragenic mutations and promoter hypermethylation are not major mechanisms of p16 inactivation in sporadic uveal melanoma.
Mutations in type I collagen genes resulting in osteogenesis imperfecta in humans.
Authors: Gajko-Galicka Anna
Published: December 2019

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), commonly known as "brittle bone disease", is a dominant autosomal disorder characterized by bone fragility and abnormalities of connective tissue. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies have shown that the vast majority of affected individuals have mutations in either the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes that encode the chains of type I procollagen. OI is associated with a wide spectrum of phenotypes varying from mild to severe and lethal conditions. The mild forms are usually caused by mutations which inactivate one allele of COL1A1 gene and result in a reduced amount of normal type I collagen, while the severe and lethal forms result from dominant negative mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 which produce structural defects in the collagen molecule. The most common mutations are substitutions of glycine residues, which are crucial to formation and function of the collagen triple helix, by larger amino acids. Although type I collagen is the major structural protein of both bone and skin, the mutations in type I collagen genes cause a bone disease. Some reports showed that the mutant collagen can be expressed differently in bone and in skin. Since most mutations identified in OI are dominant negative, the gene therapy requires a fundamentally different approach from that used for genetic-recessive disorders. The antisense therapy, by reducing the expression of mutant genes, is able to change a structural mutation into a null mutation, and thus convert severe forms of the disease into mild OI type I.
Interaction of glycophorin A with lectins as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
Authors: Krotkiewska Bozena , Pasek Marta , Krotkiewski Hubert
Published: December 2019

Glycophorin A (GPA), the major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane, was isolated from erythrocytes of healthy individuals of blood groups A, B and O using phenol-water extraction of erythrocyte membranes. Interaction of individual GPA samples with three lectins (Psathyrella velutina lectin, PVL; Triticum vulgaris lectin, WGA and Sambucus nigra I agglutinin SNA-I) was analyzed using a BIAcore biosensor equipped with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detector. The experiments showed no substantial differences in the interaction between native and desialylated GPA samples originating from erythrocytes of either blood group and each of the lectins. Desialylated samples reacted weaker than the native ones with all three lectins. PVL reacted about 50-fold more strongly than WGA which, similar to PVL, recognizes GlcNAc and Neu5Ac residues. SNA-I lectin, recognizing alpha2-6 linked Neu5Ac residues, showed relatively weak reaction with native and only residual reaction with desialylated GPA samples. The data obtained show that SPR is a valuable method to determine interaction of glycoproteins with lectins, which potentially can be used to detect differences in the carbohydrate moiety of individual glycoprotein samples.