bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of mix design terminologies for cement admixed sandy clay
Authors: Subramanian Sathya , Khan Qasim , Moon Sung-Woo , Ku Taeseo
Published: July 2024

In densely populated countries, underground construction and land reclamation could be possible options to solve the demand for land space, thus securing sustainable long-term development of the nation. For example, in Singapore, land reclamation has been widely conducted using excavated materials from underground development. The excavated materials are commonly marine clays that contain sandy soils. To improve the mechanical properties of these soft soils, cement-treated soil stabilization is popularly adopted. In fact, many researchers have investigated the properties of pure cemented clay or pure cemented sand using conventional design parameters such as water content (water/solids) and cement content (cement/dry soil). However, can these terminologies be still used to accurately examine the role of sand in cemented sandy clay mixtures? Through unconfined compression testing, it is herein shown that the use of existing mix design approaches in the literature cannot properly explain the variation of strength with sand content for cemented sandy clay mixtures. A new mix design approach is thus proposed in this study, which ensures that the role of sand in a cemented clay matrix can be quantified.
On the use of seashells as green solution to mechanically stabilise dredged sediments
Authors: Petti Rossella , Vitone Claudia , Marchi Maurizio Iler , Plötze Michael , Puzrin Alexander M.
Published: July 2024

The article reports the results of an experimental activity conducted on dredged fine-grained marine sediments and aimed to find out novel eco-friendly solutions for their mechanical stabilisation. The main idea of this research is to use seashells, i.e., another waste material, to partially replace cement binders in the mechanical stabilisation of sediments for the production of a new stable material that can potentially be used in construction. To this aim, an original procedure has been developed to obtain a powder of mussel shells without their calcination. Physical properties, one-dimensional compression behaviour and permeability of the novel mixtures including sediments, mussel shell powder and cements are presented for different curing times. The efficacy of the solutions is assessed also by comparison with the performance of control mixtures prepared by mixing the same sediments with cement only. The effects of the different treatments on the soil properties were analysed, demonstrating multiple beneficial effects of using the mussel shell powder. Evidence is provided that seashells represent a viable alternative to cement, as they were found to be as effective as traditional hydraulic binders, when replacing them up to 1/4, in enhance geomechanical and geochemical performance of the stabilized material.
Evaluation of saturation in cemented slags with P-wave velocities
Authors: Rios Sara , Mica Nelson , Viana da Fonseca António
Published: July 2024

The application of the circular economy concept to construction engineering and to transportation geotechnics, brings several challenges associated to the use of non-conventional artificial materials. Steel slags can replace natural raw materials, but a thorough mechanical characterisation is needed to assure an adequate behaviour and quality control parameters. The focus of this paper is a mixture of two types of steel slags (a reducing slag and an oxidizing slag) from electric arc furnace steel production. The mixture has cementing properties, mainly due to the reducing slag, being stable in water after compaction. Due to its high stiffness and reduced permeability, the evaluation of the degree of saturation of the mixture using the conventional Skempton parameter B is not very reliable. In this work, P wave velocity measurements in specimens with different cementation levels (given by amount of reducing slag and curing time) and soaked conditions (before and after submersion) were compared. In addition, the elastic shear stiffness evolution with time obtained by S wave velocity measurements demonstrated a clear increase in stiffness with curing time especially in soaked specimens. The aim of the paper is thus to discuss the advantage of P waves to identify full saturation in stiff specimens that harden with time and water. It was found that it is very difficult to evaluate the degree of saturation of a highly cemented specimen, either with the B value or with the P-wave velocities. However, the usual mechanical evaluation by triaxial compression tests is still valid provided that suction is low.
Laboratory study of a kaolinitic soil and sodium hydroxide interaction mechanisms and resulting swelling stresses
Authors: da Silva Thiago Paulo , Casanova de Oliveira e Castro Francisco José , Lima de Santa Maria Paulo Eduardo , Barbosa Maria Claudia
Published: July 2024

The study of prolonged exposure of natural soils to alkaline solutions has been conducted to analyze and control the local soil swelling behavior observed in industrial sites. The occurrence of foundation heave in a Brazilian industrial site prompted a laboratory investigation aimed at understanding the mechanism of interaction between soil and alkali that induced swelling behavior. The study was extended to determine the corresponding swelling stress to be used in reinforcement design, and to investigate the soil response to chemical stabilization with 5% ferric chloride solution. Previously, a comprehensive mineralogical and physical-chemical investigation was accomplished using industrial caustic liquor and four natural soils from local stratigraphy. All soils are mainly constituted by kaolinite and quartz, and one also presents some montmorillonite. Both kaolinite and montmorillonite were degraded by NaOH liquor, and newly formed minerals were identified. The expansion is related to the mechanism of the silica-NaOH reaction. In the study reported here, the local soil with the highest volume change in sedimentation tests with NaOH solutions was subjected to quasi-constant volume oedometer tests with water and with 4N NaOH solution to determine the swelling stresses resulting from the reactions until stabilization. The alternative of chemical treatment with 5% ferric chloride solution was investigated through the same testing procedure. X-Ray diffraction analyses were applied to evaluate the changes in mineralogy. The swelling vertical stress reached 40 kPa under confined conditions, and stabilization took up to 40 days. The chemical treatment was effective in controlling ongoing reactions, but not effective in prevention.
Resilient moduli characterization of cement-treated silt
Authors: Kumar Prince , Puppala Anand J. , Congress Surya Sarat Chandra , Tingle Jeb S.
Published: July 2024

The performance of a flexible pavement depends on the resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soil. Thus, MR is a key design parameter for mechanistic-empirical pavement design of flexible pavements. Generally, the resilient modulus is determined by conducting repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests in the laboratory and has been used to characterize the subgrade soil behavior under repeated traffic loading conditions. The use of cement to stabilize natural subgrade soils is widely accepted by transportation agencies. Several research studies were conducted on the resilient behavior of cementtreated soils. However, limited research studies have been conducted on the resilient behavior of cement-treated silty soil. Therefore, the current research study assessed the resilient moduli properties of cement-treated silt. Cement-stabilized soil specimens were statically compacted and cured in a humid room for a stipulated curing period before conducting RLT tests. RLT tests were conducted on cement-treated specimens at different cement dosages and curing periods to study the effect of the cement dosage and curing time on the resilient modulus. Test results indicated that a significant improvement in performance was observed after cement treatment. The untreated soil specimens exhibited stresssoftening behavior with an increase in deviator stress, whereas the cement-treated specimens exhibited stress-hardening behavior. The resilient modulus was increased with an increase in cement dosage. Regression analyses were conducted on RLT test results using three-parameter universal model and model parameters were determined. It was observed that the three-parameter universal model exhibited an excellent fit with experimental data.
Investigation of thermal effects on the saturated shear behaviour of a clayey sand-structure interface
Authors: Cui She-qiang , Zhou Chao , Sadeghi Hamed
Published: July 2024

The mechanical behaviour of soil-structure interfaces at various temperatures plays a key role in predicting the performance of energy piles, such as their ultimate bearing capacity and settlement under heating and cooling. The experimental data was limited in the literature, and previous studies used clay and clean sand. In this study, a modified direct shear apparatus that can control temperature was developed. To control interface temperature, a refrigerated/heated circulating bath is connected to channels in the lower shear box and then heated/cooled water is circulated. The interface can be heated/cooled through heat exchange with circulating water. Three series of tests were conducted at various temperatures of 8, 20 and 42 °C and effective normal stress levels of 50, 150 and 300 kPa. The soil specimen was recompacted clayey sand with a 95% degree of compaction. The results indicate that the shear strength of saturated soilstructure interfaces decreases with increasing temperature. This is likely because temperature elevation results in a reduction of interface roughness and a partial increment of void ratio in the shear zone.
Temperature-dependent elastic shear modulus of a saturated lateritic clay
Authors: Bentil Obed Takyi , Zhou Chao , Peprah-Manu Daniel , Akinniyi Damilola Bashir
Published: July 2024

The thermo-mechanical behaviour of saturated clays and sands has been studied by many researchers, considering that it is useful in many geotechnical problems, such as the analysis of energy foundations and the effects of climate change on earth structures. Despite the fact that temperature is known to affect the yielding and volume change behaviour of soils, the effects of temperature on the elastic shear modulus (G0) of soils are rarely studied. In this study, a temperaturecontrolled oedometer equipped with bender elements was developed. It was used to investigate the effects of temperature on G0 of a compacted lateritic clay at saturated conditions. The G0 was measured at 5 and 40°C during loading and unloading in the stress range of 30 to 400 kPa. Four tests were conducted in which two different initial densities (95% and 85% of maximum dry density (MDD) were considered. The results will be interpreted and discussed with reference to the elastoplastic modelling of thermo-mechanical soil behaviour.
Linking laboratory quasi-steady state strengths to field scale performance of tailings
Authors: Reid David , Fanni Riccardo , Fourie Andy
Published: July 2024

Current state of practice for the assessment of liquefied strengths of tailings relies primarily on empirical or semi-empirical correlations based on penetration testing. That is, despite liquefied strength being arguably the most important strength parameter for the design of brittle tailings storage facilities, there is much less success or acceptance of the use of laboratory element tests to support strength selection compared to other forms of strengths inferred in geotechnical engineering. This is particularly the case for tailings at a state near or slightly dense of the critical state line (CSL) for which there is ample evidence of field-scale flow liquefaction but where laboratory element tests often behave in a manner inconsistent with such field-scale response – at least at large strains. The current paper examines the quasi steady state (QSS) strength of sands and tailings for which the CSL has been measured, linking the observed strengths to inferred in situ behaviour through the state parameter. Particular focus is placed on QSS strengths obtained from simple shear tests carried out within a hollow cylinder torsional shear system where the stress state in the test is a better representation of in situ below-slope conditions that the triaxial compression test. In particular, the marked effect of intermediate principal stress on the QSS in sands is highlighted. Alternatively, the negligible anisotropy seen in a sandy silt gold tailings, and the potential implications in the context of QSS strengths and field-scale behaviour, are examined and emphasised.
Kinematics of Hitting in Youth Baseball: Implications for Skill
Development
Authors: Bordelon Nicole , Fava Anthony , Friesen Kenzie B. , Crotin Ryan L , Oliver Gretchen D
Published: July 2024

This study compared lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity kinematics
between tee and front toss hitting in youth baseball athletes. Twenty youth
baseball athletes (14.3±2.9 yrs) performed three maximal effort swings off front
toss and tee. Kinematic data were collected during the preparatory and
acceleration phases. Lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity kinematics were
compared between tee and front toss hitting using 1-dimensional statistical
parametric mapping (SPM). There was a significant difference in trunk kinematics
between tee and front toss during the preparatory phase (p=.001); the trunk
rotated more toward the back side when hitting off a tee compared to front toss
(p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in trunk kinematics
between tee and front toss for 67% of the acceleration phase; the trunk rotated
more towards the back side from 0 to 67% when hitting off the tee (p<0.001).
Significant differences were found in trunk kinematics between tee and front
toss hitting in youth baseball players, where the trunk is less rotated toward
the pitcher in the tee than in the front toss. Coaches utilize various training
modalities to enhance hitting performance; however, differences in trunk
kinematics should be considered between modalities when developing fundamental
hitting techiques in youth baseball athletes.
Damage evolutions and failure mechanism of reinforced concrete impacted by abrasive water jet
Authors: Ma Tianfang , Qi Qingjie , Bi Ruiqing , Zhang Liang , Wang Zhaodong , Wang Yue
Published: July 2024

Numerical simulations were conducted based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics–finite element method coupling method to investigate the damage evolutions and failure mechanism of reinforced concrete impacted by abrasive water jet. The response processes of damage and fragmentation of reinforced concrete were analyzed. The influences of key jet parameters on fracture characteristics of reinforced concrete were obtained. In addition, evolution laws of stress and damage and the failure mechanism of reinforced concrete impacted by abrasive water jet were revealed. The results indicate that the morphologies of broken pits undergo changes in the following sequence: V-shape, U-shape, and hourglass-shape. The broken pit range almost linearly increases with the impact time. Increasing abrasive concentration is more conducive to peeling concrete above steel, but an appropriate concentration is more suitable for cutting steel. Increasing jet diameter can expand the broken pit width, especially its bottom width, and increase damage to concrete below steel. The concrete stresses beneath steel display a raindrop-like distribution pattern. The concrete protective layer mainly suffers from the multiple stepwise damage accumulation failure caused by compressive shear and tensile stresses, and the interface concrete between steel and protective layer undergoes brittle failure due to weak bonding strength and massive stress concentration. The concrete beneath steel mainly undergoes brittle failure due to strong extrusion effect of steel. In addition, the concrete within steel reinforcement framework is influenced by various forces, such as tensile stress and shear stress, leading to occurrence of damage accumulation without failure. The research results would lay the theoretical foundation for abrasive water jet efficiently crushing reinforced concrete.
Wavelength calibration using MEMS-enabled double filter configuration for air gap sensing in the tunable Fabry–Pérot filter
Authors: Sahani Pratyasha , Nabana Shiori , Okatani Taiyu , Inomata Naoki , Kanamori Yoshiaki
Published: July 2024

We fabricate a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based device configuring the tunable air gap Fabry–Pérot filter (FPF) with a static gradient thickness filter on the same platform. The proposed double filter configuration offers a wavelength calibration approach that accurately estimates the air gap dimension in the tunable air gap FPF. The wavelength calibration is performed by utilizing the spectrally-selective and spatially-resolved transmission characteristics of the tunable air gap FPF and the static gradient thickness filter, respectively. The MEMS-compatible chip-level integration of the static gradient thickness filter facilitates device miniaturization to enable its use in handheld devices.
Development of numerical and experimental performance evaluation techniques for high-reliability turbine flow meters of ice-making water-dispenser
Authors: Ryu Seo-Yoon , Yun Dong Gyu , Chan Kim Hae , Cheong Cheolung , Park Su Il
Published: July 2024

A turbine flowmeter for sensing the water supply in an ice-making system of a refrigerator requires high sensitivity to the flow rate. This research aims to develop a comprehensive performance evaluation technique by constructing an experimental setup and establishing a numerical technique to simulate the rotational motion of the impeller in response to the injection of water into the flowmeter. An experimental rig was built to secure the measurement accuracy according to the fluid temperature and pressure changes and verify the reliability under various flow conditions from low to high. A numerical method based on the six-degree of freedom method was used to confirm its validity, which is different from a moving reference frame, which numerically analyzes the rotational speed of the turbine by backtracking the rotational speed to correspond to the flow conditions by giving it a constant rotational speed. By simulating water injection into the flowmeter, generating kinetic energy in the impeller according to the flow rate, and subsequently rotating the impeller due to the generated torque, the numerical analysis cost was reduced, allowing direct numerical analysis of the impeller’s acceleration motion. The results were evaluated in terms of angular velocity and pulse signal, and the applicability and reliability of the numerical technique were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental results. The aerodynamic performance of the impeller was analyzed to understand the phenomena as the impeller rotates. The results of this study can be utilized to conduct future research to improve the performance of flow meters, thus proving its value as a preliminary study.
Pia-FLOW: Deciphering hemodynamic maps of the pial vascular connectome and its response to arterial occlusion
Authors: Glück Chaim , Zhou Quanyu , Droux Jeanne , Chen Zhenyue , Glandorf Lukas , Wegener Susanne , Razansky Daniel , Weber Bruno , El Amki Mohamad
Published: July 2024

The pial vasculature is the sole source of blood supply to the neocortex. The brain is contained within the skull, a vascularized bone marrow with a unique anatomical connection to the brain meninges. Recent developments in tissue clearing have enabled detailed mapping of the entire pial and calvarial vasculature. However, what are the absolute flow rate values of those vascular networks? This information cannot accurately be retrieved with the commonly used bioimaging methods. Here, we introduce Pia-FLOW, a unique approach based on large-scale transcranial fluorescence localization microscopy, to attain hemodynamic imaging of the whole murine pial and calvarial vasculature at frame rates up to 1,000 Hz and spatial resolution reaching 5.4 µm. Using Pia-FLOW, we provide detailed maps of flow velocity, direction, and vascular diameters which can serve as ground-truth data for further studies, advancing our understanding of brain fluid dynamics. Furthermore, Pia-FLOW revealed that the pial vascular network functions as one unit for robust allocation of blood after stroke.
The dialect chain tree
Authors: Elgh Erik , Hammarström Harald
Published: July 2024

A perennial conflict in historical linguistics centers around the theoretical and practical virtues of tree-like
divergence and wave-like diffusion. This paper presents the Dialect Chain Tree, an extension of the tree model that incorporates
both tree-like descent and disintegration of dialect chains in a systematic fashion. As such, it provides a formalization and
sharpening of Ross’ (1997: 212–228) linkage concept that allows integration into
quantitative approaches.
Particle and light motion in Lyra–Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Cuzinatto R R , de Morais E M , Pimentel B M
Published: July 2024

In this paper we recall the static and spherically symmetric solution derived within LyST gravity. LyST stands for ‘Lyra Scalar-Tensor’ and is a scalar-tensor proposal for the gravitational interaction modifying general relativity by adopting Lyra manifold as the spacetime substrate. Lyra manifold is characterized both by the metric tensor

g

μ
ν

(
x
)

and the scale

ϕ

(
x
)

; the latter being an integral part of the definition of reference frame. In a previous work, we have launched the formal geometrical basis of LyST, we have proposed an associated action integral for the gravitational interaction, we have derived the field equations generalizing Einstein field equation, and we have solved these equation to obtain the generalized version of Schwarzschild line element in Lyra manifold. This lead us to Lyra–Schwarzschild spacetime, which is further explored in the present paper. Herein, the trajectories of test particles is thoroughly studied. This is done for both massive particles and massless particles. The geodesic equations are built and solved. The effective potential associated to the motion of these particles around the source is determined and characterized. The possible trajectories include gravitational capture, scattering, bounded orbits, stable and unstable circular orbits, near-horizon motion. The innermost circular orbit allowed for massive particles is determined and compared to the one predicted by GR. The last photon orbit is also calculated for Lyra–Schwarzschild metric. The equation for the periastron shift in the context of Lyra–Schwarzschild solution is constructed; its application to observational data could be useful to constrain the parameters typical of LyST, telling it apart from GR.
Manipulating chiral Majorana mode with additional potential in superconductor-Chern insulator heterostructures
Authors: Lao Junming , Zhou Tao
Published: July 2024

We employed the self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations to explore the states of chiral Majorana mode in quantum anomalous Hall insulators in proximity to a superconductor, leading to the development of an extensive topological phase diagram. Our investigation focused on how an additional potential affects the separation of chiral Majorana modes across different phase conditions. We substantiated our findings by examining the zero-energy Local Density of States spectrum and the probability distribution of the chiral Majorana modes. We established the universality of chiral Majorana mode separation by applying an additional potential. This finding serves as a vital resource for future endeavors aimed at controlling and detecting these particles, thereby contributing to the advancement of quantum computing and condensed matter physics.
Accuracy analysis of UAV aerial photogrammetry based on RTK mode, flight altitude, and number of GCPs
Authors: Tan Chenyan , Chen Zijun , Chen Zijun , Liao Ailin , Zeng Xintian , Cao Jinchao
Published: July 2024

The optimization of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photogrammetry scheme is crucial for achieving higher precision mapping results. Three representative factors, namely the real-time kinematic (RTK) mode, flight altitude, and the number of ground control points (GCPs) were selected to analyze their impact on UAV aerial photogrammetry accuracy. Four flight altitude tests were conducted separately in two RTK modes, and five GCP layout schemes were designed. Based on this, the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 40 aerial photogrammetric results were analyzed. The results showed a significant correlation between flight altitude and resolution of the UAV aerial photogrammetric results. Further, conversion formulas between actual image resolution and flight altitude for different GCP values were also derived in RTK and non-RTK modes. In the case of precise positioning, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the aerial photogrammetric image decreased with increasing flight altitude. Under the same flight altitude, the addition or no addition of GCPs, including changes in GCP numbers, had no significant effect on improving the accuracy of aerial photogrammetry in RTK mode. However, in non-RTK mode, the number of GCPs significantly affected accuracy. The horizontal and vertical RMSE values decreased rapidly with the increase in GCP numbers and then stabilized. However, regardless of whether RTK was activated, an excessive number of GCPs was not conducive to improving the accuracy of aerial photogrammetric results. The mapping accuracy of UAVs in RTK mode without GCPs was equivalent to that in non-RTK mode with GCPs. Therefore, when using RTK-UAVs, deploying GCPs is unnecessary under suitable circumstances. Finally, practical suggestions for optimizing the UAV aerial photogrammetry scheme are provided as a reference for related applications.
Multi-lane vehicle load measurement using bending and shear strains
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Gong Lingling , Tian Kang , Jian Zhenao
Published: July 2024

Many load identification methods have been proposed, but most are affected by the basic axle parameters and lateral distribution of vehicles. To effectively measure traffic flow with lateral distribution information, this article presents an innovative method that employs a strain decoupling model (SDM) and a vehicle information identification model (VIDM) to measure multi-lane vehicle load depending on the bending strain and shear strain from long-gauge fiber Bragg grating sensors. The SDM decouples the measured coupling strain into the strain for a single lane load, thereby simplifying the complex structural response resulting from lateral distributed vehicles. By exploiting the distinct characteristics of different strain types that reflect various aspects of the structure, the VIDM establishes a sophisticated mapping relationship between bending, shear strain and axle parameters, which enables the accurate determination of axle parameters including axle speed and spacing. The real-time estimation of the multi-lane vehicle load is achieved by combining the obtained axle information with the decoupled bending strain. This method effectively solves the problem of large load estimation error caused by inaccurate identification of axle parameters, and enables accurate acquisition of vehicle load in lateral distribution using bending and shear strains near the bridge entrance. Both numerical studies and laboratory tests are carried out on a simply supported beam for conceptual verification. The results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully improves the measurement of multi-lane vehicle load.
High-precision long distance measurement based on broad spectrum interferometry using a femtosecond laser
Authors: Gao Haoran , Huang Lei , Xu Xin , Wang Dagui , Ge Pengxiang , Zhao Huining
Published: July 2024

The method based on broad spectrum interference using femtosecond pulses is an important ranging method. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the effect of interferometric spectral bandwidth used for calculation on the ranging results, and precision can be improved by choosing the optimal spectral bandwidth. In addition, in order to eliminate the influence of interferometric spectral fluctuations on the measurement results, we introduce the detrend algorithm into the processing algorithm and compare the measurement results before and after the algorithm improvement. Then, four kinds of nominal distance were measured and the contribution of the relevant factors to the measurement uncertainty is evaluated. Finally, the synthetic standard uncertainty of measurement results was 0.02, 0.10, 1.05 and 2.78 μm for nominal distance of ∼0, ∼1.5 ∼16.5 and ∼43.5 m respectively.
A novel adaptive blind deconvolution algorithm: application to feature extraction of weak faults in RV reducer gears
Authors: Tang Yin , Lv Zhongliang , Jia Xiangyu , Peng Linhao , Li Lingfeng , Zhou Jie , Luo Jiasen , Xu Youwei
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the problem that the non-stationary and nonlinear weak fault signal of RV (rotate vector) reducers is hard to extract fault features due to the influence of noise and transmission paths, as well as the selection of parameters for maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) relies heavily on manual experience, this article proposes a fault feature extraction method based on parameter adaptive MCKD for the gear faults of RV reducers. Firstly, the sparrow search algorithm combining sine-cosine and Cauchy mutation (SCSSA) is used to adaptively search for the input parameters of MCKD and obtain the signal after deconvolution with the optimal parameters. Secondly, the deconvoluted signal is subjected to ensemble empirical mode decomposition to obtain modal components on different frequency bands. Finally, calculate the multi-scale fuzzy entropy (MFE) of each component, constructing a MFE feature set vector, and input the feature vector into the support vector machine for fault classification and recognition. The experimental analysis and verification results both indicate that the proposed method can adaptively enhance the weak impact components in the gear signals of the RV reducer, effectively extracting weak fault features disturbed by noise. Compared with minimum entropy deconvolution, multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted and MCKD, the proposed method has improved identification rate by 17.50%, 10.63% and 15.63%, respectively. In addition, in comparison to multiverse optimization and particle swarm optimizatio algorithms, the SCSSA exhibits superior performance when optimizing MCKD parameters, offering faster convergence speed, higher accuracy, and greater robustness.
Development and comprehensive investigation of a lightweight FBG accelerometer for small structure acceleration measurements
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Rais , Hossain MD Mofazzal , Hassan Mohd Firdaus
Published: July 2024

Despite their sensitivity potential, diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating accelerometers with inertia mass are often too complex and large, limiting their suitability for measuring small structures. Designing a suitable accelerometer for small structures, where its weight must be less than one-tenth of the measured structure, is challenging. This paper introduces a compact, simplified, and fabricable non-inertia mass FBG accelerometer (FBGA-SD), featuring a longer FBG tunnel and a through-hole for monitoring. The proposed FBGA-SD is 16 × 16 × 10 mm, weighing 4 grams. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement, though amplitude sensitivity differs by 50%. The experimental sensitivity is 9.64 × 10−2 pm g−1, while transient response analysis gives 4.79 × 10−2 pm g−1, valid for 10–100 Hz excitation frequencies and up to 10.5 m s−2 base acceleration.
A GNSS/SINS fault detection and robust adaptive algorithm based on sliding average smooth bounded layer width
Authors: Zhao Guiling , Wang Jinbao , Gao Shuai , Jiang Zihao
Published: July 2024

The Global Navigation Satellite System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/SINS) integrated navigation system is an important technology for UAV measurement and vehicle movement measurement. But in the operational process of the GNSS/SINS integrated navigation system, the GNSS signal is vulnerable to external interference, resulting in abnormal system measurement data, and system faults. These faults will reduce the navigation and positioning performance of the system and reduce the measurement accuracy of the system. Aiming at this problem, a GNSS/SINS fault detection and robust adaptive algorithm based on sliding average smooth bounded layer width is proposed. The algorithm evaluates the system measurement data based on the innovation residual and incorporates the sliding average filter to design the fault detection function based on the smooth bounded width layer. Accurate detection of system faults using fault detection function. The fault detection function value is used to construct the robust cofactor matrix to correct the measurement error in real-time, to improve the accuracy and robustness of the state estimation. The experimental results show that: The proposed algorithm in the paper compares with two traditional robust adaptive algorithms based on smooth bounded layer fault detection and residual chi-square fault detection. The fault detection rates for small step faults show an increase of more than 44.26% and 9.54%, respectively. Similarly, for slowly varying faults, the fault detection rates exhibit an increase of more than 29.32% and 13.56%, respectively. Throughout the fault, the filtering accuracy demonstrates an increase of more than 16.52% and 15.47%, respectively. The algorithm effectively improves the measurement accuracy of the GNSS/SINS integrated navigation system.
Molecular Oxygen Abundance in Galactic Massive Star Formation Regions Based on SWAS Observations
Authors: Wang Bing-Ru , Li Di , Goldsmith Paul F. , Wu Jingwen , Tsai Chao-Wei , Quan Donghui , Zhang Xia , Wang Junzhi , Melnick Gary J. , Li Jin-Zeng , Fuller Gary A. , Xie Jinjin
Published: July 2024

Molecular oxygen abundance is a key parameter in understanding the chemical network of the interstellar medium. We estimate the molecular oxygen column density and abundance for a sample of Galactic massive star formation regions based on observations from the Submillimiter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) survey. We obtained an averaged O2 spectrum based on this sample using the (SWAS) survey data (O2, 487.249 GHz, N = 3–1, J = 3–2). No emission or absorption feature is seen around the supposed central velocity with a total integration time of t
total = 8.67 × 103 hr and an rms noise per channel of 1.45 mK. Assuming a kinetic temperature T
kin = 30 K, we derive the 3σ upper limit of the O2 column density to be 3.3 × 1015 cm−2, close to the lowest values reported in Galactic massive star formation regions in previous studies. The corresponding O2 abundance upper limit is 6.7 × 10−8, lower than all previous results based on SWAS observations and is close to the lowest reported value in massive star formation regions. On a galactic scale, our statistical results confirm a generally low O2 abundance for Galactic massive star formation regions. This abundance is also lower than results reported in extragalactic sources.
Action formalism for geometric phases from self-closing quantum trajectories
Authors: Shea Dominic , Romito Alessandro
Published: July 2024

When subject to measurements, quantum systems evolve along stochastic quantum trajectories that can be naturally equipped with a geometric phase observable via a post-selection in a final projective measurement. When post-selecting the trajectories to form a close loop, the geometric phase undergoes a topological transition driven by the measurement strength. Here, we study the geometric phase of a subset of self-closing trajectories induced by a continuous Gaussian measurement of a single qubit system. We utilize a stochastic path integral that enables the analysis of rare self-closing events using action methods and develop the formalism to incorporate the measurement-induced geometric phase therein. We show that the geometric phase of the most likely trajectories undergoes a topological transition for self-closing trajectories as a function of the measurement strength parameter. Moreover, the inclusion of Gaussian corrections in the vicinity of the most probable self-closing trajectory quantitatively changes the transition point in agreement with results from numerical simulations of the full set of quantum trajectories.
Stability of selected exhaled breath volatiles stored in Tenax® TA adsorbent tubes at −80 °C
Authors: Mochalski Pawel , Mayhew Chris A
Published: July 2024

Preservation of the breath sample integrity during storage and transport is one of the biggest challenges in off-line exhaled breath gas analysis. In this context, adsorbent tubes are frequently used as storage containers for use with analytical methods employing gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The key objective of this short communication is to provide data on the recovery of selected breath volatiles from Tenax® TA adsorbent tubes that were stored at −80 °C for up to 90 d. For this purpose, an Owlstone Medical’s ReCIVA® Breath Sampler was used for exhaled breath collection. The following fifteen compounds, selected to cover a range of chemical properties, were monitored for their stability: isoprene, n-heptane, n-nonane, toluene, p-cymene, allyl methyl sulfide, 1-(methylthio)-propane, 1-(methylthio)-1-propene, α-pinene, DL-limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, 2-pentanone, acetoin and 2,3 butanedione. All compounds, but one (acetoin), were found to be stable during the first 4 weeks of storage (recovery within ± 2 × RSD). Furthermore, n-nonane was stable during the whole of the investigated period.
Indonesia’s Forestry and Other Land Use Net Sink 2030: How Preparedness Central Sulawesi to Start the Program?
Authors: Simorangkir W S , Golar G , Massiri S D , Umar S , Rachman I
Published: July 2024

The Government of Indonesia has ratified several rules, including Indonesia’s FoLU Net Sink 2030, to support global policies aimed at reducing the climate disasters that have arisen in recent years. Central Sulawesi is just one of 16 provinces where this initiative is being promoted. It’s crucial that Local decision-makers involved in forest management must have a firm grasp of the details involved in rolling out the program. Identifying ‘who plays what role’ in successfully reducing the rate of climate change can help formulate a plan for executing the policy and thereby clarify the understanding among relevant parties. The public service sector, site-level managers, and supporting parties will all be included in this qualitative study of forest regions. The study found that nearly all parties involved in forest management in Central Sulawesi are dedicated to their work. Stakeholders’ perspectives on the best ways to manage forests have converged to slow the spread of climate change, even if such management isn’t perfect. Nine out of twelve operational plans in the FoLU Net Sink initiative can be realized in Central Sulawesi. To achieve the desired results of the implementation strategy, cooperation and dedication from all parties involved are required, along with equitable budget allocation among the various authorities responsible for the forest region.
Analysis of Strategies of Geo-tourism Development in Boyolali, Indonesia
Authors: Raihan A N , Umrotun U. , Musiyam M.
Published: July 2024

Tourism emerges as a promising avenue for foreign exchange earnings, distinct from the oil and gas sector, playing a pivotal role in economic development. Boyolali Regency boasts an abundance of natural, cultural, and historical treasures, serving as the fundamental basis for crafting sustainable policies in tourism development. This study adopts a descriptive approach, employing data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The analytical tool utilized is SWOT analysis. The research findings reveal that: (1) Boyolali possesses significant tourism potential primarily in its natural assets, (2) Strategies to elevate tourism potential in Boyolali encompass the enhancement of facilities and infrastructure at tourist sites, increased community participation, and improved marketing approaches, (3) Obstacles in the tourism development of Boyolali encompass a lack of collaboration with the private sector, insufficient infrastructure, suboptimal security, and inadequate promotional efforts.
Analysis Of Land Subsidance Rates In DKI JAKARTA In 2018, 2020 And 2022 With The DINSAR Method
Authors: Zini A R , Danardono D
Published: July 2024

DKI Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, as the center of growth and development has a high population. The high population has an impact on land use change in an effort to fulfill housing which directly impacts the increase in building density or Normalized Diffrence Built-up Index (NDBI). The purpose of this research is to analyze the rate of land subsidence in DKI Jakarta and analyze the effect of building density on land subsidence. The impact of high growth rates creates the potential for natural and anthropogenic disasters. This research uses the Differential Inferometry Synthetic Aperarure Radar (DinSAR) method, in observing land subsidence with accuracy reaching cm units. The data used in this research is Sentinel 1A image with observation time in 2018, 2020, and 2023. The results showed that land subsidence in DKI Jakarta was dominated in the North Jakarta area, the highest land subsidence value reached -26.08 cm/year. The fastest land subsidence occurs in densely populated areas prone to flooding. The correlation results show that there is no relationship between the high level of building density and land subsidence.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Changes by Vegetation Density in Central Lombok Regency
Authors: Yudha V P , Saputra I A , Anggani N L
Published: July 2024

Land surface temperature is different from air temperature and is caused by various things, one of which is due to changes in vegetation density. Central Lombok Regency is one of the locations that has experienced massive and well-known development in Indonesia. Based on these circumstances, this research was conducted with several objectives, namely: to determine changes in vegetation density, as well as changes in land surface temperature in Central Lombok Regency in 2018 and 2023, and prove the relationship between vegetation density and changes in land surface temperature. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative because it involves numerical data, to find the relationship of vegetation density to changes in land surface temperature. In addition, this research also uses the NDVI method to determine the level of vegetation density, and LST to determine the land surface temperature there. The results showed changes in vegetation density and changes in land surface temperature in Central Lombok Regency. The average change in vegetation density and land surface temperature occurred in the Central region of Central Lombok Regency which is the economic center area. Then there is a strong relationship between vegetation density and land surface temperature changes.
Detection of Shoreline Changes With Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) In Galur District, Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Taruna B , Wibowo A A , Aziz H
Published: July 2024

Monitoring shoreline change is one of the efforts in the management and protection of the coastal environment. Through digital image processing as the utilization of shoreline extraction index can be used as a reference in measuring the rate of shoreline change. Galur District is one of the sub-districts in Kulon Progo Regency that experiences the highest abrasion process, the worst abrasion that has occurred in recent years is located at Trisik Beach where abrasion threatens the existence of stalls, turtle conservation sites and also coastal vegetation that grows along the beach. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in the coastline starting in 2013, 2018, and 2023 and also to analyze numerically through DSAS the rate of change in the coastline both the influence of abrasion and accretion processes in Galur District. The method used in this research is Quantitative Descriptive assisted by Landsat 8 image transformation using Automated Water Extraction Index (AWEI) and measuring the rate of shoreline change using DSAS based on EPR and NSM values. The results of this study show that Banaran Village has the highest shoreline retreat changes where in 2013 - 2018 the shoreline retreat reached 70 meters and in 2018 - 2023 the coastal retreat reached -75.7 meters, while for the rate of change in Karang Sewu Village in 2013 - 2018 the shoreline retreat reached -33.2 meters and in 2018 - 2023 showed the highest abrasion of -33.5 meters.
Sustainable Food Security: An Ethnobotanical Study of Dlingo Village, Grobogan Regency
Authors: Santhyami  , Yunita Hanny
Published: July 2024

The United Nation Sustainable Development Goals were designed as interrelated guidelines for the development of a better future for all mankind. the Covid 19 pandemic related shut down of trade and the post pandemic food shortages have put increasing pressure to develop locally based sustainable food security. This food security can be found in the self-sufficient semi-subsistence Javanese village community in Dlingo, Grobogan Regency. The efficient allocation of land resources through the systematic distribution of food crops from the sawah (paddy fields), kebun (gardens), common areas, and pekarangan (home gardens), along with dietary practices that utilize locally sourced components, contribute to an ideal state of food self-sufficiency. Through semi structured interviews and field observations, all local food plant species were catalogued and categorized by taxonomy, utility and cultural significance index. The staple foods: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (50.00), corn (Zea mays L.) (44.70), and Casava (Manihot esculenta L.) (24,30) demonstrated the highest scores reflecting both the agricultural practice of corn-rice crop rotation and the dietary habits of Dlingo village that produce sego jagung, processed corn with a rice-like texture. Traditional salads such as urap-urapan, pecel, and rujak along with traditional soups such as jangan lodeh, jangan asem, and sop still dominates the dietary habits of people from Dlingo optimizing the local fruits, vegetables, and spices further sustainably providing food security.
Green Banking for Environmental Management: A Sustainable Paradigm Shift
Authors: Yuspin W , Fauzie A , Putra A K , Liang S , Nor M Z
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the extent to which bankss (banks) in Indonesia implement green economy policies based on current regulations and how bank has played a role in implementing it in its banking activities. The urgency of this research is based on the worsening environmental conditions caused by climate change and extreme global warming. Financial Services Authority Regulation (FSAR) Number 51/POJK.03 of 2017 is deemed a rule that only regulates the course of green economy policies in financial institutions and has not specifically regulated green banking. This study employed qualitative methods with normative data collection using secondary data. This research’s results revealed that the banking activities carried out by Banks have complied with the applicable rules, as evidenced by the annual sustainability report. Nevertheless, the report issued by Banks has not been fully included in the financial reports requested by the FSA, thus it is a separate report from the financial reports required by the FSA and the report called sustainability report. It is considered that the green banking and SDG policies have not been implemented optimally since they are only in the form of an appeal, and there are no sanctions for violators. Therefore, they only have insignificant effect on environmental improvement.