bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytase in diet for fattening chickens, influence on bone’s quality
Authors: Radovic V. , Bogosavljevic-Boskovic S. , Doskovic V.
Published: September 2009

The influence of phytase added in diet for fattening chickens on the meat quality, was examined during the feed experiment. The experimental examinations were done on the chickens of Arbor Acres strain. There were 440 chickens in the experiment, divided into the 4 experimental groups considering the levels of mineral sources of phosphorus and phytase added into the diet. Control group K (110 chickens) dicalcium phosphate 2%, O-I group (110 chickens) monocalcium phosphate 1,4%; O-II group (110 chickens) dicalcium phosphate 1% + 0,1% phytase; O-III group (110 chickens) monocalcium phosphate 0,7% + 0,1% phytase. The feeding experiment lasted for 42 days. The chemical analyzes of white and red meat of experimental chickens that the meat of the chickens that gained phytase by diet with lower level of mineral source of phosphorus have more proteins and less fat phytase by diet (P<0,05).
Changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the species and N fertilization
Authors: Nesic Z. , Tomic Z. , Vuckovic S. , Krnjaja V. , Josipovic S. , Ruzic-Muslic D.
Published: September 2009

Alfalfa is the most important forage plant in our country. It is mainly grown as pure crop for livestock nutrition, although it gives very good results when grown in mixture with other plant species. By growing in mixtures many advantages are achieved, the most important are: possibility for alfalfa to be used in grazing and reduced need for fertilization of grassland. In two year trial (2003-2004), changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the present species in the mixture, i.e. their competitive abilities and fertilization with N, were monitored. Investigations showed that by ageing of crops the share of grasses increases and share of legumes and weeds decreases. Fertilization showed positive effect on strengthening of competitive abilities of grass in relation to leguminous species and increased share of weeds in forage mixtures.
IPM strategy for rodent control in storage facilities
Authors: Vuksa M. , Jokic G. , Djedovic S.
Published: September 2009

The fundamental idea of IPM is to put nature?s own regulatory mechanisms to maximum use in order to prevent damage, which is in the best interest of manufacturers, society at large and the environment. However, Haines (2000) assessed stored products IPM still insufficiently developed at the end of the 20th century. Support to IPM development in stored agricultural products is the use of natural compounds to control rodent pests. One of such compounds is cellulose, whose mode of action differs from the modes of other rodenticide active ingredients. As resistance to I and II generation anticoagulant rodenticides has been reported worldwide, we have introduced for the first time anywhere in the world a rodenticide based on Se (0.1% sodium selenite) with a mode of action based on the replacement of SH groups of functional enzymes with SS groups. We also tested products based on vitamin D3 with a known mechanism of action. The new Se-based products achieved good efficacy against rat (91.10 % and 87.50 %) and mouse (97.60% and 98.40%), and cellulose-based product against mouse (91.66%), compared to products based on vitamin D3 in rat (90.00% and 90.30%) and mouse control (98.60% and 98.2%), bromadiolone in rat (93.80% and 90.7%) and mouse control (92.86% and 91.9%) and brodifacoum in mouse control (97.06%). The products based on Se, vitamin D3 and cellulose have good toxicological and ecological properties and the fact that there have been no known cases of resistance make them recommendable for use against rodents in storage facilities.
The effect of development stage on chemical composition of alfalfa leaf and stem
Authors: Markovic J. , Radovic J. , Lugic Z. , Sokolovic D.
Published: September 2009

Content of crude protein and cell wall constituents in leaves and stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv K-22 with advancing maturity was investigated. Sampling was done in 7-day intervals in second cut. During growth and development, crude protein content decreased in leaves and stems, from 332,6 to 328,8 gkg-1DM and from 138,6 to 122,0 gkg-1DM, respectively. From first to third development stage, content of ADF in leaves and stems increased, from 352,0 to 476,7 gkg-1DM and from 592,8 to 867,1 gkg-1DM, respectively. Highest contents of ADF and hemicellulose was stated in plant parts in third development stage, in leaves 187,4 and 289,3 gkg-1DM, and in stems 499,4 and 367,7 gkg-1DM. The highest changes of lignin contents are in stems, while content of lignin in leaves increased from 42,0 to 49,0 gkg-1DM.
Renal effects of deltamethrin induced intoxication in Carassius auratus gibelio (Pisces cyprinidae)
Authors: Costin D. , Staicu A. , Huculeci R. , Stoian G. , Costache M. , Dinischiotu A.
Published: September 2009

Freshwater goldfish Carassius auratus gibelio were exposed to 2?g/l delthametrin for one, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days. Activities of kidney catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione-Stransferase (EC 2.5.1.18) were affected in a time-dependent manner by the pesticide exposure compared to controls. The results indicate that C. auratus gibelio kidney resisted to oxidative stress by antioxidant mechanisms and developed an adaptative response.
The farm animal genetic resources of Montenegro
Authors: Markovic Bozidarka , Markovic M. , Adzic N.
Published: September 2009

The review of farm animal genetic resources, degree of danger of extinction and way of preservation of certain autochthonous breeds of livestock in Montenegro was the aim of this article. Origin, geographical distribution, population size, morphological and productive traits of the important populations of livestock, as brachyceros breed of cattle - Busha, coarse wool domestic breeds of sheep (Pivska, Zetska zuja, Ljaba, Bardoka), domestic hilly horse breed and donkey were presented. .
Non-genetic source of variation for traits measured in performance test of simmental bulls: (II) Body development traits
Authors: Bogdanovic Vladan , Petrovic Milan , Djedovic Radica , Perisic P. , Djurdjevic R.
Published: September 2009

Data of 371 Simmental bulls tested at the A.I. Centre "Velika Plana" were analyzed in order to estimate year and month of birth, test-group, herd of origin and body weight effects on body measurements and body development indices. These two groups of traits were considering as body development traits. All observed traits were measured at the start as well as at the end of test. Birth year was significant source of variation for all body development traits, while significance of month of birth was expressed at different statistical levels. Herd of origin effect was gradually reduced over the test, while test-group effect was significance only for body measurements. For body development indices herd of origin have no effect, while test-group effect was significant at different statistical levels. Body weight was very significant source of variation for all body development traits. .
Phenotypic variability of fertility traits of pure breed sows in first three farrowings
Authors: Radojkovic Dragan , Petrovic M. , Mijatovic M. , Radovic C.
Published: September 2009

Investigation of the phenotypic variability of fertility traits was performed on Swedish Landrace sows (926 sows) deriving from single herd in Serbia. Data was processed by method of least squares (Harvey, 1990), and following fixed factors were included into the model: sire, season, litter genotype and order of farrowing, as well as regression effect of age at first farrowing, duration of lactation and number of reared (raised) piglets per litter. Traits of litter size varied (P<0.01) under the influence of sire and order of parities (first two parities). Number of still born as well as reared piglets per litter depended on the litter genotype (P<0.01). Year and season had no effect on variation of litter size traits except LWW (first two and three parities). Age of sows at first farrowing demonstrated linear effect (P<0.01) on size of their litter at farrowing (first three parities). Litter size and weight at weaning were under regression effect of lactation duration as well as corrected litter size (CLS) or number of weaned piglets (NW). .
The effects of the introduction of betafine on the slaughter results of the fattening pigs
Authors: Zivkovic Branislav , Nikic D. , Migdal W. , Radovic C. , Kosovac Olga , Fabjan M. , Pejcic S.
Published: September 2009

Effects of the use of additive Betafine on the slaughter results of the fattening pigs were investigated. Obtained results showed that the introduction of Betafine in the concentration of 0.1% in the diets had the effect on the length of carcasses and dressing percentage of the pigs. The nutrition of pigs with diets based on the Betafine resulted in increased meat content by 1.3% in the carcasses. No positive effect of the use of investigated additive on the share of the main parts in pig carcasses was established. Positive effect of the introduction of Batafine showed the increase of the meat content in the the blade stick with neck and in the area of Longissimus dorsi (MLD). Generally we recommend the use of additive Betafine in the nutrition of fattening pigs, because it has showed positive effects on meatiness and the meat content in the area of Muscullus longissimus dorsi. .
The effect of the rearing system and biological factors on carcass conformation and slaughter traits of fattening chickens
Authors: Pavlovski Z. , Skrbic Z. , Cmiljanic R. , Lukic M. , Tomasevic D.
Published: September 2009

The effect of the rearing system (intensive and semi intensive) and biological factors (genotype, age, sex) on absolute and index values of carcass conformation measures in chickens (metatarsus length, keel length, breast depth, thigh girth and breast angle) was investigated. In the trial Arbor Acres and Redbro chickens were used and duration of fattening was 42 and 50 days. Chickens at the age of 50 days had better conformation compared to chickens at the age of 42 days. Carcasses of male chickens had better conformation than female chickens. Genotype Arbor Acres had considerably higher values of relative conformation measures than chickens of Redbro genotype. Chickens reared in chicken coop had higher values for length of metatarsus, breast depth and thigh girth compared to chicken reared on free range. .
The effect of fattening duration in different rearing systems on slaughter traits of broiler chickens of genotype Redbro
Authors: Skrbic Zdenka , Pavlovski Z. , Lukic M.
Published: September 2009

Slow growing chickens of genotype Redbro, were reared in two systems in order to determine the effect of duration of fattening on values of slaughter yields/dressing percentages and shares of main carcass parts. Fattening of chickens in chicken coop to age of 84 days had considerable effect on increase of slaughter yields: "Conventional processing"(83.59%), "Ready to roast"(77.22%) and "Ready to grill"(67.17%) compared to 42nd day of age (82.21; 74.87 and 65.42%). Redbro chickens reared on free range had lower body masses compared to chickens reared from chicken coops in all investigated ages. Beside significant increase of body mass, longer fattening period influenced considerably decrease of share of back, pelvic and wings. In both rearing systems, prolonging of fattening had statistically significant effect on increase of share of abdominal fat. .
Investigation of cadmium, mercury and arsenic accumulation in wild boar tissues from hunting areas in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic Zoran
Published: September 2009

The present survey aimed at the residues of risk elements (cadmium, mercury and arsenic) in different tissues of wild boars, from selected hunting areas in Serbia. Livers, kidneys and muscle tissues were obtained from wild boars, hunted at random during 2004. and 2005. This examination included altogether 64 wild boars (64 kidneys, 64 livers and 21 muscles). Occasion of this survey, 447 analyses carried out. Total number of analyzed tissue samples were 149. There was registered that the ratio between cadmium and mercury concentration in liver and in kidneys increases with the intensity of exposure. .
Inbreeding
Authors: Telalbasic Refik , Baban M. , Rahmanovic A.
Published: September 2009

The objective of this paper is to present to scientific and professional public the most common forms of inbreeding appearing or carried out with different kinds of domestic animals aimed to enhancement of the population production capabilities. In this way, by following the change of certain productive, reproductive and other characteristics, the kind of the inbreeding that gives the most favorable effects will be established. Thus such characteristics would be additionally enhanced at given domestic animals population. Herewith are described modern methods determining direct relationships, collateral relationships and inbreeding coefficient.
Rearing conditions, health and welfare of dairy cows
Authors: Hristov Slavca , Stankovic B. , Zlatanovic Z. , Joksimovic-Todorovic M. , Davidovic V.
Published: September 2009

This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues of dairy cows. The last approximately 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, and political response towards housing condition, health and welfare issues of dairy cattle. All buildings and housing systems for dairy cattle should be designed, constructed, maintained and managed to assist in the achievement of the Five Freedoms: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom to express normal behavior and freedom from fear and distress. Whether dairy cows are housed in cubicles, straw yards or cow sheds, in order to maximize their performance and to ensure satisfactory standards of welfare, the accommodation must provide the most basic behavioral and physiological needs. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather. Also, it must allow the cow to move freely around without risk of injury and certain diseases. If the housing system does not provide for these basic needs, then not only will health, welfare and production of dairy cattle be compromised, but it is likely that failure to comply with the welfare codes and the law relating to animal welfare will occur.
The effect of housing density on certain slaughter traits of broilers of Cobb genotype
Authors: Skrbic Z. , Pavlovski Z. , Lukic M.
Published: September 2009

Production of poultry meat organized on industrial principles, i.e. in intensive way, is characterized by housing of broilers in closed buildings, often in very high housing densities with completely controlled conditions of environment and nutrition. Objective of the research was to investigate the possibility for improvement of certain slaughter traits of broiler chickens using lower housing density of 12 birds/m2 of box floor area in comparison to control group which was housed in density of 16 birds/m2. Body masses of broilers of both sexes prior to slaughtering were higher in trial group (p<0,01) 2460,91 g for male broilers, and 2063,33 g for female broilers compared to control group (2078,67 g males and 1740,0 g females). As a consequence of greater body masses prior to slaughtering in broilers of trial group also highly significantly greater (p<0,01) masses of processed carcasses were determined. Differences in relative indicators of yield of processed carcasses between investigated groups were not significant. Shared of major carcass part in broilers of both sexes were slightly higher (p>0,05) in trial group compared to control. On carcasses of investigated males in lower housing density the share of breasts was increased the most, and on female carcasses the share of drumsticks.
Quality of pig carcass and meat of different genotypes
Authors: Kosovac Olga , Stanisic N. , Zivkovic B. , Radovic C. , Pejcic S.
Published: September 2009

Objective of this paper was to present results of investigation of different genotypes on quality of pig carcass and meat. Dissection of four main carcass parts was performed (n=67) in order to present share of tissue in main carcass parts. The quality of pig carcasses was investigated on three genotypes: Swedish Landrace (SL/SL) and two hybrid combinations with Durroc and Pietrain (VJ/LW x SL/SL) x D and (VJ/LW x SL/SL) x P. Meat yield of pig carcass sides was determined by partial dissection and for Swedish Landrace it was 51,30%, and for three breed combination with Durroc 56,04% and for three breed combination with pietrain 58,55%. It was established that genotype of pigs in fattening influenced the quality of meat, since the three breed combination with Pietrain (genotype C) had the lowest share of free fat, the poorest colour and the lowest WBA, and hihger share of ashes compared to results obtained for other genotypes (1,22; 0,27; 46,50 and 1,17).
Technology and chemical composition of beaten cheese in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Mateva-Dubrova Natasa , Naletoski Z. , Palasevski B.
Published: September 2009

Beaten cheese is autochthonous product of our country whose production started long time ago. In the past it was produced only in the region Mariovo where it was made from pure sheep milk, but today it is produced in other regions of the country and from mix of sheep and cow milk and mix from sheep and goat milk. In the most parts of the country beaten cheese is manufactured in industrial conditions, but in some places it is still made at home. According to our research using two different types of renet, Chy-max (genetic rennet) and Stabbo (combined rennet) we developed technology for production of two variants of beaten cheese by industrial way. Chemical composition of beaten cheese produced by genetic rennet on 45th day of the ripening was: dry matter 59.67%, fat 21.74%, proteins 21.95%, salt 3.58%, acidity 191oT and pH 5.24. Beaten cheese made using combined rennet showed this chemical composition: dry matter 58.01%, fat 21.54%, proteins 22.09, salt 3.51%, acidity 184oT and pH 5.17. The level of protein hydrolyses was in the type produced with combined rennet. Soluble nitrogen at the end of ripening was 0.66%, primary nitrogen materials 0.60% and secondary nitrogen materials 0.05%. On 45th day of ripening in brine quantity of soluble nitrogen in beaten cheese made with genetic rennet was 0.62%, primary nitrogen materials 0.57% and secondary nitrogen materials 0.05%. The kinetics of salt diffusion was nearly equal and to the end of ripening in the first variant it was 3.5% and in the second 3.51%. Because the level of dry matter used in first type was higher, cheese yield was 10.96%, compared to the second type where cheese yield was 8.63%.
Campylobacter spp. Zoonotic micro organism
Authors: Ivanovic Snezana
Published: September 2009

There are two species of Campylobacter but, for human and animal health the most important are Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and for animal species also Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter laridis. Different temperatures, drying, pH of the environment, disinfectants, spices and probiotics and antibiotics influence the growth and multiplication of this micro organism in the animal as well as in the animal products. Campylobacter is present everywhere in the nature: in water, soil, and especially in animal digestive tract. Infection of humans with Campylobacter occurs most often by introduction of liquid and solid food contaminated with this bacteria. Usual sources of infection are: non-pasteurized milk, raw or insufficiently cooked meat, contaminated water. In most of the cases disease is of gastro-intestinal nature.
Blood lipids profile in lactating cows fed with supplement of OVOCAP®
Authors: Petkova Mariana , Kitanov I. , Girginov D.
Published: September 2009

This study was conducted to test the effects of feeding supplemental Bulgarian nutritive additive OVOCAP? administrated per os, on blood lipid profile in lactating cows. Twelve lactating American Brown cows (BW = 695 ? 28 kg; at the beginning of the lactation) were separated to two treatments for 1,5 year. Cows were fed typical diets during the winter (corn silage, meadow hay, straw, wheat bran, potatoes and compound feed) and summer (pasture and compound feed). Experimental cows received in addition to concentrate part of their daily ration 2x23 ml OVOCAP? each every 28th day in the month, first doses being on the 3rd and 4th day post partum. Blood samples were collected after every giving doses of OVOCAP?, morning before feeding and sera were analyzed for triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL and total lipids concentration. Feed intake was similar in the two groups. Observed levels of the HDL cholesterol were significant lowered (P?0,05) under the influence of OVOCAP?. Observed levels of LDL and VLDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides and total lipids were significant lowered (P ?0,001) under the influence of OVOCAP?. This results suggest that OVOCAP? may posses hypocholesterolemia and hypotriglyceridemic effect in lactating cows. This experiment demonstrated that OVOCAP? is adjusted to use in lactating cows with sure definite benefit on blood lipoprotein profile.
The influence of presence of cadmium and arsenic in feedmeal on production and reproduction traits of goats
Authors: Memisi N. , Zujovic M. , Bogdanovic V. , Tomic Z. , Petrovic M.P.
Published: September 2009

Animals require microelements in small quantities, and they play a role in virtually all physiological and biochemical processes. The role of microelements is important role from bone structure to maintaining the structure of proteins and lipids. Microelements are provided to animals in food, by special supplementation (premixes), or in water. In addition to essential minerals, which are regularly used in goat nutrition, there are 10 other elements present in traces (mg/kg or ppm) which are also indispensable for the goat's organism, as follows: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. In addition to these, following elements have also been identified in goats' tissues: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, and Nb, however their significance for the organism of goats has still not been established. Their lack in goat nutrition may to a large extent contribute to lower yields and bad health.
Correlation analysis of production traits of domestic Balkan goat
Authors: Memisi N. , Zujovic M. , Bogdanovic V. , Petrovic M.P.
Published: September 2009

The paper presents results of investigations of the domestic Balkan goat reared in the Sharplanina mountainous region pertaining to phenotypic correlations between the most important production traits (milk production traits for 578 goats), and growth traits of kids (for 710 kids in the suckling period). Research was done in herds of Balkan goats belonging to private farmers, during a two-year period. Simple correlation between mentioned traits were calculated using a PC and the LSMLMW program (Harvey, 1990). Data pertaining to correlation coefficients established between investigated milk production traits of the domestic Balkan goat, reflect existing correlations, which in most cases, were positive and statistically significant (P<0,01). Very strong correlations were established between the 1st and 2nd milk production control, as well as between the daily milk yield and the 2nd milk production control (0.796), as well as the total milk yield (0.870). Established coefficient were also statistically significant (P<0,01). Correlation between birth weight and the weight at specific ages (30, 60 and 90 days) were strong and very strong, while correlations between birth weight and average daily weight gain established by individual months (0.526, 0.553 and 0.384) varied between weak and strong, with an established weakening of correlations with advancing age.
The study of the ovaries' state in local Bulgarian ewe's breeds by real-time ultrasonography
Authors: Kacheva D. , Kistanova E. , Georgiev B. , Rycheva E. , Metodiev N. , Grigorov B. , Kipriotis E.
Published: September 2009

The aim of this study was the characterization of the ovaries' state in local Bulgarian ovine breeds at the moment of ovulation by real-time transrectal ultrasonography. It was observed 32 ewes of Bulgarian local breeds Karakachanska and West-Oldmountainous between 1,5 and 4 years old, housed under closely to their natural conditions. Ovaries were examined ultrasonically after estrus synchronization with the implantation of intravaginal sponges containing 45 mg of Cronolone over 14 days. The effect of age and breed on the variability of the ovary's size and preovulatory follicle's size was studied.
Gonadotropic action of medication administered in various doses to synchronise the oestrus of anoestral sheep
Authors: Ralchev I. , Maslev T. , Todorov M. , Hristova Ts.
Published: September 2009

The experiment included 20 ewes of the Tsigai breed, allocated in two groups of 10 animals each. Inducing of oestrus synchronisation was performed during anoestral season (April - May) through vaginal sponges containing gestagens, and administration of Gravohormon (Vetbiopharm, Bulgaria) - 500 UI in group 1 ewes and 1000 UI in group 2 ewes. Macromorphological study of the ovaries was carried out by means of laparoscopy after the adopted methods - on the 56th hour, 72nd hour and 5th day following sponge withdrawal and injection of gonadotropin. The levels of the steroid hormones progesteron and 17?-oestradiol were recorded in three ewes per each group at different times according to the experiment scheme. The histological structure of the ovaries was determined in seven animals subjected to ovariectomy.
The role of pH values in porcine reproductive tracts of male and female individuals
Authors: Smiljakovic T. , Josipovic S. , Kosovac O. , Delic N. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M.
Published: September 2009

For a long time, in practice, and science, has been known that pH values of sperm and vagina are important for successful fertilization. In this investigation this fact was confirmed, and the goal was to investigate the role of pH values through whole reproductive tract of male and female individuals: testis, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, Cowper's gland, vesicula seminalis, prostata, corpus cavernosus, corpus spongiosus, epitel tissue of penis tube, sperm, vagina, uterus, horn of uterus, oviduct, fimbrie ovarica, ovarium, follicular fluid. Measurement was performed in reproductive active males as well as before and after ovulation in females. Porcine reproductive tracts (per 15 female and male individuals) were collected from institute's slaughterhouse, immediately post mortem dissected, homogenised and pH values were measured (according to method Rede&Rahelic (1969)). Ovarium and follicular liquid have the highest pH values (7,4) in females, but a small peak in preovulatory oviduct is also present and corresponded to pH of sperm of reproductive fully active male individuals (pH=app.7,2). After fertilization pH in surrounding of zygot (through depolarisation of its membrane) in oviduct, and zygot which then has external decreased pH value moves to less pH values regions by the same principle, that means to uterus, (pH between 7,2 (horn) and 7,07(cervix)) in postovulatory female reproductive tract, where nidation of blastocyst occurs. This investigation could help to elucidate knowledge about reproductive physiology in vivo, giving importance to role of pH values along reproductive tract of male and female individuals.
Folicular activity of ovaries in sows, crosses of Swedish Landrace and Large White in post partum and oestrus
Authors: Varatanovic N. , Amela K. , Mutevelic T. , Cengic B. , Mlaco N.
Published: September 2009

Swine breeding production as one of the most perspective branch in livestock farming require particular attention when it is about reproduction of the flock. Final goal of every swine breeding farm is of course to increase reproduction of the animals and ensure healthy progeny. Aim of our research was to on the basis of detailed microscopic analyze of the ovaries in researched periods and results obtained accelerate reproduction in swine breeding production and by that total flock craft. We have culled 36 sows cross breed of Swedish Landrace and Large White whose are breaded in farm conditions in the periods of estrous and post partum. Immediately after culling we have separated ovaries from surrounding tissue and using micrometer we have measured length and width of evident follicles. Obtained results showed that the most ideal period for next mating of sows is 21 to 28 days post partum, when the biggest values of examined parameters had been recorded - length and width of follicles, what indicate to increase of ovarial activity.
Organic acids in combined forages for growing pigs
Authors: Valchev G.
Published: September 2009

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of replacement of nutritive antibiotics in compound feed for starter pigs with acidifier Acid Lac as growth promoters. Acid Lac is a new generation acidifier a combination of appropriately selected organic acids - Fumaric, Propionic, Citric, Formic and Lactic acids, with pronounced anti-bacterial effect. Two experiments were carried out with total of 126 growing pigs from 6 to 20kg live weight to determine the effect of organic acids as growth promoters. The results of these experiments show that acidifying of feed for growing pigs with product Acid Lac in doses 0.3 and/or 0.5 percent, improves the average daily gain from 7 to 9 per cent, and better feed efficiency from 8 to 13 percent (P<0.05), decrease the number of pathogenic and relative-pathogenic microorganisms, compared to pigs with or without nutritive antibiotics Flavophospholipol in combined feed. Under the present investigation might be concluded that organic acids could be successfully used as growth stimulators, replacing nutritive antibiotics in pig diets.
Effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on semen quality and serum total cholesterol content in White Plymouth Rock-mini cocks
Authors: Grigorova S. , Kashamov B. , Sredkova V. , Surdjiiska S. , Zlatev H.
Published: September 2009

Tribulus terrestris extract was added to the water of 10 cocks from the population White Plymouth Rock - mini cocks once daily in dose 10mg/kg body weight for a period of 11weeks. The trial lasted 20 weeks-1week preparatory and 19 weeks experimental period. Eight weeks of the experimental period were intended to measure the aftereffect of the tested product. It was found, that Tribulus terrestris extract improves cocks semen quality : volume of ejaculate, spermatozoids concentration and motility, and shortened the time of methylen blue decolouration. Serum total cholesterol content in the experimental cocks was 9,24% lower (p>0,05) in comparison with the control group. The aftereffect of Tribulus terrestris on the studied parameters was maintained for 8 weeks.
Yield and nutritive value of alfalfa cultivars sown at different densities
Authors: Stanisavljevic R. , Tomic Z. , Lugic Z. , Milenkovic J. , Djokic D.
Published: September 2009

The effect of cultivar and plant density on dry matter yield and nutritive value of alfalfa was studied. The trial was conducted at the first cutting of alfalfa plants in their second and third years of growth, and four cultivars and two different crop densities were tested. The cultivars were found to have significant effect on dry matter yield, proportion of leaf in total yield and content of crude proteins under both densities. The highest forage yield was achieved in first density (20 cm row spacing with 15 kgha-1 seed rate). The wide row spacing (50 cm) with low seed rate (9 kgha-1) was showed lower forage production. The effect of cultivars and plant density on other parameters of forage nutritive value was insignificant. A high positive correlation with the proportion of leaf was found for the content of crude proteins (r=0.961), concentration of potassium (r=0.876), phosphorus (r=0.561), calcium (r=0.550) and content of crude fat (r=0.500). Crude fiber was highly negatively correlated with leaf proportion (r=0.916), while the latter showed no correlation with crude ash (r=0.185) and nitrogen-free extract (0.010).
Accompaniment of the polymorphism at defensin gene loci with milk productivity in Holstein Friesian and Egyptian cows
Authors: Hafez E.E. , Abdel-Rahman S.M. , El-Sohaimy S.A.
Published: September 2009

Because of the antimicrobial role that defensins play in cows, genes encoding these peptides may be considered as molecular markers of a genetically determined susceptibility of the mammary gland to mastitis. In Friesian and Egyptian cows which were selected based on their milk productivity, 1638-bp beta-defensin genes were amplified. Two PCR amplicon sizes of the gene encoding beta-defensin (1638 bp and 429 bp) were observed in Friesian cows (high milk production), while in Egyptian cows (low milk production) one PCR amplicon size (429 bp) was observed. PCR-RFLP technique was used to discriminate between the common 429 bp band in both Friesian and Egyptian cows, but no difference between them had been observed. DNA sequencing for 1638 bp (B2) and 429 bp (B1) was carried out. Sequence analysis indicated that these two PCR amplicon sizes were two types of genes encoding beta-defensins and very tightly close to each other. Based on their sequence alignment (B1 and B2) with the presented defensin genes in the GenBank, phylogenic tree was constructed. A new gene (B1) belongs to the beta-defensin genes family was detected for the first time and associated to the low milk production in cattle population.
Influence of the ecological conditions on breeding in closed covered brick barn of black-and-white cows and some ethological reactions
Authors: Krastev K. , Boychev K.
Published: September 2009

This study was done with the aim to establish the season dynamics of ethological indicators: lying, standing, feeding and drinking of milk cows with is result of such abiotic factors as: temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity movement in production environment. The animals were bred during the year in closed covered brick barn with natural ventilation. From the analysis of the received results is clear that the parameters of the ethological reactions are changing in a cycle during the seasons of the year. This is an expression of the reaction towards the influence of the abiotic factors of the environment.
Effect of enzymes on performances of broiler chickens
Authors: Peric Lidija , Milosevic N. , Djukic-Stojcic M. , Bjedov S. , Rodic V.
Published: September 2009

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of addition of enzyme complex to diets of different nutritive value on performance of broiler chickens. In this trial 1200 chickens of Cobb 500 hybrid divided into 4 treatments with 8 repetitions were used: 1. Positive control; 2. Positive control with addition of 0,02% of enzyme complex; 3. Negative control (contains 0,3 MJ of energy, 0,1% of accessible P and 0,1% Ca less compared to group 1); 4. Negative control with addition of 0,02% of enzyme complex. Application of enzyme preparation resulted in positive effects on gain and feed conversion, regardless if it was added to standard mixtures or mixtures of diminished nutritive value. Economical analysis of obtained results showed that improvement realized by application of enzyme preparation exceeds costs of its application.
Meat yield of kids of Serbian white breed depending on the body mass prior to slaughtering
Authors: Zujovic M. , Josipovic S. , Tomic Z. , Stanisic N. , Nesic Zorica
Published: September 2009

Investigations were carried out on three groups of kids of Serbian White breed as follows: group of lighter kids, average body mass at slaughtering 12,65 kg (8,8 - 15,0 kg) and average age of 70 days; group of medium heavy kids, body mass of 17,61 kg (15,1 - 20,0 kg) and average age of 97 days, and group of heavy kids, body mass prior to slaughtering of 22,70 kg (20,1 - 25,7 kg) and average age of 129 days. Objective of this research was to determine the meat yield (dressing percentage) and share of some slaughtering products in the mass prior to slaughtering and share of giblets in the mass of chilled carcass. It was established that heavier kids have lower dressing percentage (55,01%) compared to lighter (57,21%) and medium heavy kids (58, 21%), more favorable conformation evaluation (4,22 points in heavier, 3,77 points in medium heavy and 3,52 points in lighter kids), better covering of carcass with fat tissue (3,71 points in heavier, 3,66 points in medium heavy and 3,32 points in lighter kids) and better evaluation of the meat color (4,78 points in heavier, 4,66 points in medium heavy and 3,79 points in lighter kids). Share of edible giblets/offal (pre-stomach, small intestines, mesentherium) in the mass of carcass prior to slaughtering was higher in lighter kids (6,45%) compared to medium heavy (5,83%) and heavy kids (6,15%). Share of giblets/offal in chilled carcass was the lowest (15,91%) in heavy kids, slightly higher (17,16%) in medium heavy and the highest in lighter kids (18,86%).
Application of sustainable systems of milk production on small farms
Authors: Petrovic Milan , Sretenovic Ljiljana , Aleksic S. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Zujovic M. , Maksimovic N.
Published: September 2009

In this paper current situation is analyzed and sustainable systems introduced in production of milk on small farms. Old production systems used on farms were the reason why milk production wasn't profitable activity and therefore livestock production in mountainous regions had complete collapse and pastures remained almost entirely deserted. In population of Pirot Pramenka sheep and local Simmental population of cattle, our analysis of breed productivity shows that effects in milk production are bad. Application of sustainable systems of milk production would increase the milk yield and revive dairy livestock production. After application of new systems regarding of breeding and farm management, milk yield in sheep cows was increased in average by 12%.
Nutritive value of Ekofish meal in pig nutrition
Authors: Zivkovic Branislav , Migdal W. , Veselinovic V. , Radovic C. , Fabjan M. , Kosovac O.
Published: September 2009

The effects of utilization of high protein feedstuff of plant origin- Ekofish meal, domestic product, in nutrition of lactating sows and suckling piglets were investigated. Considering our previous positive experiences in the use of similar feedstuffs in nutrition of weaned piglets and fattening pigs also the application of Ekofish meal as a substitute of fish meal in pig nutrition, objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of the utilization of Ekofish meal in iso-energy and iso-nitrogen diets for lactating sows and suckling piglets. Investigated feedstuff was produced according to specific technology in production plant of the company Bankom in Serbia. Research was carried out on experimental pig farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Obtained results have shown that, the introduction of investigated feedstuff had a positive effects expressed through shorter service period by 2.4 feeding days, better gain by 4.52% in suckling piglets, increased the intake of pre-starter by 1.0 kg/litter in piglets during creep feeding. In general, the obtained results have shown that utilization of Ekofish meal as high protein feedstuff can be recommended in nutrition of sows and piglets. The effects of utilization of high protein feedstuff of plant origin- Ekofish meal, domestic product, in nutrition of lactating sows and suckling piglets were investigated.
The effect of different levels of organic selenium on broiler slaughter traits
Authors: Jokic Zivan , Pavlovski Z. , Mitrovic S. , Djermanovic V.
Published: September 2009

The effect of different levels of organic selenium (selenized yeast) on slaughter meat traits of fattening chickens (broilers) was investigated. Trial was carried out on 120 Hybro-PN chickens divided into four groups, in duration of six weeks. All groups of chickens were fed complete mixtures, and selenium was added to the food in the form of selenized yeast in the amount of 0 (I ); 0,3 (II); 0,6 (III) or 0,9mg/kg (IV-group). The highest average values of carcass yield 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were recorded in chickens of group III (2059,6, 1851,97 and 1756,45g), with addition of 0,6mg Se/kg, followed by chickens of group II (2048,17, 1841,36 and 1748,57g) and group IV (1957,46, 1764,22 and 1676,05g) with 0,3 and 0,9mg/kg of added selenium, respectively, whereas the lowest values (1835,21, 1660,87 and 1572,61g) were established in chickens of group I without addition of this micro element. Average values of slaughter yields 'conventional processing', 'ready to roast' and 'ready to grill' were approximately the same in chickens of all investigated groups, and established differences showed no statistical significance (P > 0,05). The lowest breast mass was in I group (573,55g), and the highest in group III (657g). Chickens of groups II and IV (with 0,3 and 0,9mg Se/kg of feed) realized breast mass of 627,90 and 633,12g. Compared to group I, average breast mass of chickens in groups III and IV was considerably higher (P < 0,05 and P < 0,01). Share of breast in the mass of processed carcass was the highest in groups III and IV (37,40 and 37,86%), and the lowest in group II (36,0%). In chickens of group I the stated value was 36,47%. Average share of thighs in the mass of processed carcass was approximately the same in all investigated groups. The highest value (14,4%) was established in chickens of group II, and the lowest (13,98%), in chickens of III investigation group. Chickens fed organic selenium in diet (0,3, 0,6 and 0,9mg/kg) had by 3,80, 3,74 and 3,18% higher share of drumsticks in the mass of processed carcass compared to group I. .
Correlation between certain parameters of pig carcass quality in unconventional housing systems
Authors: Kosovac O. , Zivkovic B. , Smiljakovic T. , Radovic C.
Published: September 2009

Major qualitative parameters of Landrace pig carcasses are presented in this paper. Phenotypic correlation between carcass quality indices and meat yield of carcass sides was investigated. Fatteners included in this research (117) were reared in non-conventional conditions, on deep litter, and as litter straw was used. Meat yield of pig carcass sides was evaluated on the slaughter line using the 'two point' method (Dzinic et al. 2004) and mathematical model using FOM-device (defined by Petrovic et al. 1996). Meat yield of carcass sides estimated using FOM was 56,29%, and by method of 'two points' 53,16%. Of basic quality parameters of pig carcasses the strongest correlation assessed using FOM device was established between meat yield of carcass side and thickens of fat tissue - LF and RF, and using the method of two points, between meat yield of carcass side and thickness of fat tissue - X1 i X2. Established correlations were negative, strong and statistically significant (-0,85**; -0,87**and -0,97**; -0,77**). Results of the assessment of quality of pig carcasses obtained using method of two points (53,16%) and by instrumental method on right carcass sides using FOM device (56,29%) differed, which indicates need to develop new equations for evaluation/assessment of share of muscle tissue in pig carcasses. .
Genetic biodiversity studies on IGFBP-3 gene in Egyptian sheep breeds
Authors: Ali B.A. , El-Hanafy A.A. , Salem H.H.
Published: September 2009

The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is a structural gene associated with the growth and development of the animals. The present investigation was carried out to study DNA polymorphism by PCR-RFLP of IGFBP-3 gene in four Egyptian local sheep breeds and its comparison with Indian sheep breeds. Genomic DNA was isolated from a total of 20 animals from four Egyptian breeds of sheep namely Rahmani, Ossimi, Awassi, and Barki. A fragment of IGFBP-3 gene, comprising of a part of exon 2, complete intron 2, exon 3, and a part of intron 3, was amplified. The amplified fragment was found to be 654 bp in sheep as compared to earlier reports of 651 bp in cattle and 655 bp in buffalo. On digestion of 654 bp with Hae III restriction enzyme yielded single restriction pattern of five fragments of sizes 201, 201, 87, 67, 57 in all the animals belonging to the four Egyptian breeds studied revealing absence of polymorphism in those four Egyptian sheep breeds. On comparison, this fragment was monomorphic in Indian sheep breeds and buffalo ,while it was reported to be polymorphic in cattle.
Reproductive traits of German fawn goats in Vojvodina
Authors: Cinkulov M. , Nebesni A. , Krajinovic M. , Pihler I. , Zujovic M.
Published: September 2009

Reproductive efficiency of goats of German fawn breed was established based on reproduction parameters: age of goats at first mating and first kidding, duration of gestation, kidding interval, number of kids in the litter and mass of kids at birth and weaning. Average age of goats at first mating was 242 days, and first kidding 398,1 days. Duration of gestation was in average 151,6 days, and kidding interval 337 days, which is characteristic for dairy goat breeds. Number of kids in litter varied from 1 to 4, and in average it was 1,96 kids. Average mass of kids at birth was 3,38 and differed significantly depending on the sex, type of birth and order of kidding (parity), whereas the mass of kids at weaning was 18,39 kg and was under the influence of sex and type of birth. Based on presented reproductive indices of German fawn goats in Vojvodina, it can be concluded that this breed has adjusted well to local conditions and that they realize results similar to those obtained in Germany, the country of origin. .
Productivity and quality of plant mass of meadow ASS: Danthonietum calycinae depending on the fertilization and utilization time
Authors: Lazarevic Dragi , Stosic M. , Dajic Z. , Terzic D. , Cvetkovic M.
Published: September 2009

Research was carried out on mountain Kopaonik, on two associations Danthonietum calycinae (1000 and 1500 m above sea level), in the period from year 2003 to 2004. Production of grassland depending on the fertilization (1. no fertilization, 2. N60P30K30, 3. N80P30K30, 4. N100P30K30), and cutting schedule (I forming of panicles, II beginning of spike forming and III full spike forming) was monitored. Production of grassland and floristic composition demonstrated dynamic changes depending on the year, cutting schedule and applied fertilization treatments. The greatest production of grassland dry mass and crude proteins on both locations was obtained in late cutting, i.e. in the stage of full spike forming of dominant species and in fertilization treatment with N80P30K30. Grassland was transformed by fertilization from ass. Danthonietum calycinae into ass. Festucetum rubrae on both locations. .