bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affordable Housing in New York
Authors: Schalliol David
Published: June 2016

Thinking through a notoriously expensive city’s low-income housing by focusing on residents and community.
Beauty Beyond a Size 16
Authors: Czerniawski Amanda M.
Published: June 2016

The difficult work of expanding beauty ideals.
Effects of Politics, Emotional Stability, and LMX on Job Dedication
Authors: Johnson Lars U. , Rogers Altovise , Stewart Robert , David Emily M. , Witt L. A.
Published: June 2016

Efforts to identify antecedents of job dedication (i.e., being loyal and cooperative) are likely to offer value to managers. The authors examined the combined effects of organizational politics and emotional stability on the relationship between leader–member exchange and job dedication. Results of analyses conducted on 156 private sector workers revealed that leader–member exchange quality yielded high levels of job dedication among all employees except the emotionally unstable working in highly political climates. These results not only reinforce the need to hire emotionally stable workers and keep organizational politics at low levels but also point to the limitations of leader influences on employee contextual performance.
Experiences of second-class citizenship related to continued poor academic performance of minority Xhosa learners
Authors: Dreyer Lorna M , Singh Suzanne AM
Published: June 2016

This article examines the subjective life experiences of racial minority Xhosa speakers and the factors that contribute to their continued poor academic performance in a previously Whites-only school in South Africa. Vygotskian sociocultural perspective in relation to creating a democratic educational system and Bronfenbrenner’s biosystemic theory and his understanding of proximal processes inform the discussion within this article. To gain insight into the subjective life experiences of these learners, a qualitative methodology was implemented. Research methods included individual semi-structured interviews and one focus group interview. The participants were purposively selected as information-rich sources from grades 9 to 11 at the specific school. The findings indicated that poor academic performance of Xhosa learners as a racial and linguistic minority in a former Whites-only school is largely attributed to discriminatory attitudes from staff and peers which lead to feelings of inadequacy experienced by the respondents and their parents.
Recruitment Into a Pediatric Continuous Glucose Monitoring RCT
Authors: Volkening Lisa K. , Gaffney Kaitlin C. , Katz Michelle L. , Laffel Lori M.
Published: June 2016

Background:

The purpose was to identify patient/family characteristics and recruitment process characteristics associated with the decision to participate in a 2-year continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) RCT for youth with type 1 diabetes and their families.

Method:

Study staff approached patients who were conditionally eligible according to medical record review or referred by a provider. We categorized families according to participation decision (agree vs decline) and timing of decision (day of approach vs later [“thinkers”]).

Results:

Over 18 months, we approached 456 eligible patients; 19% agreed on the day of approach, 10% agreed later, 42% declined on the day of approach, and 30% declined later. Agreers were younger ( P = .002), had shorter diabetes duration ( P = .0003), had a lower insulin dose ( P = .02), checked blood glucose levels more often ( P = .002), and were more likely to use pump therapy ( P = .009) than decliners. Patients/families were more likely to agree in fall/winter (41%) than spring/summer (19%, P < .0001). Of decliners, 50% cited no interest in CGM as the reason for nonparticipation. Among thinkers, 49% of patients who made a decision within 2 weeks of being approached agreed; only 15% of thinkers who made a decision >2 weeks after being approached agreed to participate ( P < .0001).

Conclusions:

Recruitment is a critical and often challenging phase of clinical trials. Recruitment to pediatric CGM studies may be especially challenging due to youths’ reluctance to use CGM. These data provide an opportunity to better understand and possibly optimize recruitment into future pediatric CGM studies and other studies of advanced diabetes technologies.
Legal Assistance by Clinical Law Students: A Nigerian Experience in Increasing Access to Justice for the Unrepresented
Authors: Erugo Sam
Published: June 2016

Access to justice is assured for all in principle, and the concept closely associated with rule of law. The technicality of law itself compels the role of legal practitioners in ensuring access to justice. Consequently, human rights instruments, including the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, guarantee the right to legal assistance and representation. But do the provisions guarantee the freedoms in practical terms to all, including the poor and unrepresented citizens? This article argues that sections 35(2) and 36(6) of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution and similar provisions elsewhere have nothing to offer the poor in terms of legal representation. In essence, the rights ‘to remain silent or … until after consultation with a legal practitioner’ and to defend ‘by a legal practitioner of’ one’s choice have no useful application to the poor. A poor man arrested, detained or charged cannot exercise stated rights without legal representation. Few may be lucky to have free legal practitioner assigned to represent them, yet the assigned cannot be ‘his choice’. Others are left unrepresented in any form whatsoever. Clinical law students now offer limited legal assistance to poor unrepresented persons in Nigeria. There is no claim that these students can take the place of legal practitioners to satisfy the guarantees, but in the absence of any legal assistance, this is welcome development. But how does this legal assistance work? This is illustrated by a Nigerian experience of this exciting practice. The scope is restricted to Nigeria, and specifically ABSU Law Clinic.
Community Lawyering or Collaborative Lawyering?
Authors: Mizan Arpeeta S.
Published: June 2016

Community lawyering and collaborative lawyering are two of the most widely used human rights advocacy tactics by North American law school clinics. However, existing literature shows that neither of these two tactics alone can effectively materialize the empowerment of the concerned underprivileged and marginalized communities. While community lawyering does focus on building leadership in close connection with the community, without collaborative lawyering the leadership can become stagnant in time. Similarly, while collaborative lawyering equitably shares the decision-making powers with the community, it does not specifically focus on building sustainable leadership within the community. Hence, by way of analyzing an ongoing clinical project of International Human Rights Clinical Project at Harvard Law School, I argue that a balanced amalgamation of both the advocacy strategies can produce the best result—effective community leaders with experienced partners to fight for their rights and provide for a more effective clinical pedagogical method for students. Due to the diverse nature of human rights advocacy tactics, this article focuses only on economic, social and cultural rights advocacy.
The Taxonomy of Clinics: The Realities and Risks of All Forms of Clinical Legal Education
Authors: Dunn Rachel Ann
Published: June 2016

As clinical legal education (CLE) is becoming an increasingly popular form of teaching in law schools across the globe,2 it is important for institutions to consider the realities and risks of each kind of model. Certain kinds of CLE may be a very realistic portrayal or simulative of practice, but carry more risks to those involved. This article explores the realities and risks3 of all kinds of CLE by using an ordinal scale to measure them. This scale was tested at the 8th Worldwide GAJE Conference in Turkey. Those who attended the session became the scale themselves, moving and discussing the kinds of CLE to where they believed they were in terms of reality and risk. This article analyzes the results of that session, exploring what some clinicians from across the globe think of the realities and risks of CLE, and whether we can balance them together to provide students with a sound educational experience. As clinicians, we aim to expose our students to the realities of practice whilst keeping the risks involved to an absolute minimum so that they gain a practical legal education without any adverse effects.
Book Review: Towards Innovation in Legal Education. Edited by Pasaquale Policastro
Authors: Suchithra Menon C.
Published: June 2016

Towards Innovation in Legal Education. Edited by Pasaquale Policastro, Eleven International Publishing, The Hague, 2013, Pp. 128, 30 Euro, ISBN 978-94-6236-057-0
A Longitudinal Observational Study of Developmental Defects of Enamel from Birth to 6 Years of Age
Authors: Seow W.K. , Leishman S.J. , Palmer J.E. , Walsh L.J. , Pukallus M. , Barnett A.G.
Published: June 2016

Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) commonly occur in the primary dentition. Although several cross-sectional studies have shown the association of DDE with caries, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies demonstrating that teeth with DDE are at greater risk of caries than are normal teeth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to longitudinally track a total of 14,220 primary teeth in 725 children from a large birth cohort study, who were interviewed by telephone or home visits at 6-mo intervals. There were 74 children with at least 1 tooth with DDE. We compared teeth with and without DDE by calculating hazard ratios for caries using a Cox proportional hazards model and by plotting caries-free probabilities by child’s age for DDE categories in a Kaplan-Meier plot. Our results show that teeth with DDE had a much higher risk for caries and developed caries earlier than did teeth without DDE. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for caries were 6.0 (2.4 to 14.6; P < 0.001) for pits, 5.5 (3.8 to 7.8; P < 0.001) for missing enamel, and 4.5 (1.8 to 11.3; P < 0.002) for hypoplasia occurring with yellow-brown opacities. Kaplan-Meier survival plots of caries-free probabilities by age, depending on DDE type, suggest that all types of enamel hypoplasia are associated with a statistically significant increased risk for caries. The study provides longitudinal evidence that DDE are a strong determinant for caries in the primary dentition (ACTRN No. 012606000356561).

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The study provides longitudinal evidence that developmental defects of enamel of the primary dentition are strongly associated with increased risk of early childhood caries.
Insulin Allergy
Authors: Natali Kayla M. , Goldman Jennifer D.
Published: June 2016

Objective: A case of insulin allergy to insulin aspart, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart 70/30, insulin lispro, and insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro 75/25 in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is reported. Case Summary: A 76-year-old Caucasian male weighing 81 kg presented with complaints of burning, lumps, and a rash where his insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart 70/30 was injected 2 months after initiation. Because poor injection technique can mimic insulin allergy, the patient was counseled again on proper injection technique. The patient presented 2 weeks later with the same complaints. Insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart 70/30 was discontinued and insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro 75/25 was initiated. The patient presented 3 months later with a localized reaction. Insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro 75/25 was discontinued and insulin U100 glargine and insulin lispro were initiated. One week later, the patient still had complaints of a localized reaction and was referred to an allergist for testing. Skin prick tests revealed insulin allergy to insulin aspart and insulin lispro but not to insulin U100 glargine or insulin glulisine. The patient’s regimen was changed to insulin U100 glargine and insulin glulisine, and he has not experienced any reaction since. Discussion: Allergic reactions to human insulin preparations are rare and may present as a localized reaction or a generalized reaction. Different types of allergic reactions to human insulin have been reported, including type I, type III, and type IV hypersensitivity reactions. If insulin allergy is suspected, the following steps should be taken to confirm such allergy: evaluation of injection technique, switching to a different insulin preparation, and referral to an allergist for allergy testing if necessary. Conclusion: A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus experienced a type I hypersensitivity reaction to insulin aspart, insulin aspart protamine/insulin aspart 70/30, insulin lispro, and insulin lispro protamine/insulin lispro 75/25.
A model of the spatial tumour heterogeneity in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue
Authors: Kovacheva Violeta N. , Snead David , Rajpoot Nasir M.
Published: June 2016

Background

There have been great advancements in the field of digital pathology. The surge in development of analytical methods for such data makes it crucial to develop benchmark synthetic datasets for objectively validating and comparing these methods. In addition, developing a spatial model of the tumour microenvironment can aid our understanding of the underpinning laws of tumour heterogeneity.

Results

We propose a model of the healthy and cancerous colonic crypt microenvironment. Our model is designed to generate synthetic histology image data with parameters that allow control over cancer grade, cellularity, cell overlap ratio, image resolution, and objective level.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first model to simulate histology image data at sub-cellular level for healthy and cancerous colon tissue, where the cells have different compartments and are organised to mimic the microenvironment of tissue in situ rather than dispersed cells in a cultured environment. Qualitative and quantitative validation has been performed on the model results demonstrating good similarity to the real data. The simulated data could be used to validate techniques such as image restoration, cell and crypt segmentation, and cancer grading.
PRECOG: a tool for automated extraction and visualization of fitness components in microbial growth phenomics
Authors: Fernandez-Ricaud Luciano , Kourtchenko Olga , Zackrisson Martin , Warringer Jonas , Blomberg Anders
Published: June 2016

Background

Phenomics is a field in functional genomics that records variation in organismal phenotypes in the genetic, epigenetic or environmental context at a massive scale. For microbes, the key phenotype is the growth in population size because it contains information that is directly linked to fitness. Due to technical innovations and extensive automation our capacity to record complex and dynamic microbial growth data is rapidly outpacing our capacity to dissect and visualize this data and extract the fitness components it contains, hampering progress in all fields of microbiology.

Results

To automate visualization, analysis and exploration of complex and highly resolved microbial growth data as well as standardized extraction of the fitness components it contains, we developed the software PRECOG (PREsentation and Characterization Of Growth-data). PRECOG allows the user to quality control, interact with and evaluate microbial growth data with ease, speed and accuracy, also in cases of non-standard growth dynamics.

Quality indices filter high- from low-quality growth experiments, reducing false positives. The pre-processing filters in PRECOG are computationally inexpensive and yet functionally comparable to more complex neural network procedures. We provide examples where data calibration, project design and feature extraction methodologies have a clear impact on the estimated growth traits, emphasising the need for proper standardization in data analysis.

Conclusions

PRECOG is a tool that streamlines growth data pre-processing, phenotypic trait extraction, visualization, distribution and the creation of vast and informative phenomics databases.
TRaCE+: Ensemble inference of gene regulatory networks from transcriptional expression profiles of gene knock-out experiments
Authors: Ud-Dean S.M. Minhaz , Heise Sandra , Klamt Steffen , Gunawan Rudiyanto
Published: June 2016

Background

The inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from transcriptional expression profiles is challenging, predominantly due to its underdetermined nature. One important consequence of underdetermination is the existence of many possible solutions to this inference. Our previously proposed ensemble inference algorithm TRaCE addressed this issue by inferring an ensemble of network directed graphs (digraphs) using differential gene expressions from gene knock-out (KO) experiments. However, TRaCE could not deal with the mode of the transcriptional regulations (activation or repression), an important feature of GRNs.

Results

In this work, we developed a new algorithm called TRaCE+ for the inference of an ensemble of signed GRN digraphs from transcriptional expression data of gene KO experiments. The sign of the edges indicates whether the regulation is an activation (positive) or a repression (negative). TRaCE+ generates the upper and lower bounds of the ensemble, which define uncertain regulatory interactions that could not be verified by the data. As demonstrated in the case studies using Escherichia coli GRN and 100-gene gold-standard GRNs from DREAM 4 network inference challenge, by accounting for regulatory signs, TRaCE+ could extract more information from the KO data than TRaCE, leading to fewer uncertain edges. Importantly, iterating TRaCE+ with an optimal design of gene KOs could resolve the underdetermined issue of GRN inference in much fewer KO experiments than using TRaCE.

Conclusions

TRaCE+ expands the applications of ensemble GRN inference strategy by accounting for the mode of the gene regulatory interactions. In comparison to TRaCE, TRaCE+ enables a better utilization of gene KO data, thereby reducing the cost of tackling underdetermined GRN inference. TRaCE+ subroutines for MATLAB are freely available at the following website: http://www.cabsel.ethz.ch/tools/trace.html.
CerealsDB 3.0: expansion of resources and data integration
Authors: Wilkinson Paul A. , Winfield Mark O. , Barker Gary L. A. , Tyrrell Simon , Bian Xingdong , Allen Alexandra M. , Burridge Amanda , Coghill Jane A. , Waterfall Christy , Caccamo Mario , Davey Robert P. , Edwards Keith J.
Published: June 2016

Background

The increase in human populations around the world has put pressure on resources, and as a consequence food security has become an important challenge for the 21st century. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops in human and livestock diets, and the development of wheat varieties that produce higher yields, combined with increased resistance to pests and resilience to changes in climate, has meant that wheat breeding has become an important focus of scientific research. In an attempt to facilitate these improvements in wheat, plant breeders have employed molecular tools to help them identify genes for important agronomic traits that can be bred into new varieties. Modern molecular techniques have ensured that the rapid and inexpensive characterisation of SNP markers and their validation with modern genotyping methods has produced a valuable resource that can be used in marker assisted selection. CerealsDB was created as a means of quickly disseminating this information to breeders and researchers around the globe.

Description

CerealsDB version 3.0 is an online resource that contains a wide range of genomic datasets for wheat that will assist plant breeders and scientists to select the most appropriate markers for use in marker assisted selection. CerealsDB includes a database which currently contains in excess of a million putative varietal SNPs, of which several hundreds of thousands have been experimentally validated. In addition, CerealsDB also contains new data on functional SNPs predicted to have a major effect on protein function and we have constructed a web service to encourage data integration and high-throughput programmatic access.

Conclusion

CerealsDB is an open access website that hosts information on SNPs that are considered useful for both plant breeders and research scientists. The recent inclusion of web services designed to federate genomic data resources allows the information on CerealsDB to be more fully integrated with the WheatIS network and other biological databases.
Genome sequence of the organohalide-respiring Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens type strain (IP3-3T)
Authors: Key Trent A. , Richmond Dray P. , Bowman Kimberly S. , Cho Yong-Joon , Chun Jongsik , da Costa Milton S. , Rainey Fred A. , Moe William M.
Published: June 2016

Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens IP3-3T is a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, Gram negative staining bacterium that grows by organohalide respiration, coupling the oxidation of H2 to the reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated alkanes. Growth has not been observed with any non-polyhalogenated alkane electron acceptors. Here we describe the features of strain IP3-3T together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 1,849,792 bp high-quality-draft genome contains 1936 predicted protein coding genes, 47 tRNA genes, a single large subunit rRNA (23S-5S) locus, and a single, orphan, small unit rRNA (16S) locus. The genome contains 29 predicted reductive dehalogenase genes, a large majority of which lack cognate genes encoding membrane anchoring proteins.
Combining escitalopram and cognitive–behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: Randomised controlled fMRI trial
Authors: Gingnell Malin , Frick Andreas , Engman Jonas , Alaie Iman , Björkstrand Johannes , Faria Vanda , Carlbring Per , Andersson Gerhard , Reis Margareta , Larsson Elna-Marie , Wahlstedt Kurt , Fredrikson Mats , Furmark Tomas
Published: June 2016

Background

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) are often used concomitantly to treat social anxiety disorder (SAD), but few studies have examined the effect of this combination.

Aims

To evaluate whether adding escitalopram to internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) improves clinical outcome and alters brain reactivity and connectivity in SAD.

Method

Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled neuroimaging trial of ICBT combined either with escitalopram (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24), including a 15-month clinical follow-up (trial registration: ISRCTN24929928).

Results

Escitalopram+ICBT, relative to placebo+ICBT, resulted in significantly more clinical responders, larger reductions in anticipatory speech state anxiety at post-treatment and larger reductions in social anxiety symptom severity at 15-month follow-up and at a trend-level (P = 0.09) at post-treatment. Right amygdala reactivity to emotional faces also decreased more in the escitalopram+ICBT combination relative to placebo+ICBT, and in treatment responders relative to non-responders.

Conclusions

Adding escitalopram improves the outcome of ICBT for SAD and decreased amygdala reactivity is important for anxiolytic treatment response.
Public Information and Private Search: Evaluating the Patient Self-Determination Act
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth H. , Rizzo John A.
Published: June 2016

Despite substantial regulatory efforts to improve consumer information regarding health and health care, little is known about the impact of such efforts on consumer behavior. This article examines the effect of federal legislation to enhance consumer information regarding the use of life-sustaining technology in end-of-life medical treatment decision making. Using a unique set of data abstracted from the medical records of six hundred elderly patients in nursing homes, the study finds a substantial impact of the law in promoting improved documentation of patient wishes for end-of-life medical care. Further, the data reveal that the effect of the law varies among identifiable subgroups. Consistent with the theory of search, the article demonstrates that the effects of regulatory efforts that promote the public provision of consumer information are greatest among individuals for whom information is most beneficial but for whom private search is costly. Implications for health policy are discussed.
Social Movements as Catalysts for Policy Change: The Case of Smoking and Guns
Authors: Nathanson Constance A.
Published: June 2016

Social movements organized around perceived threats to health play an important role in American life as advocates for change in health policies and health behaviors. This article employs a framework drawn from social movement and related sociological theories to compare two such movements: the smoking/tobacco control movement and the gun control movement. A major purpose of the article is to identify specific social movement ideologies and actions that are more or less likely to facilitate achievement of the movement's health policy objectives. The article concludes that the success of health-related social movements is associated with (1) the articulation of a socially (as well as scientifically) credible threat to the public's health, (2) the ability to mobilize a diverse organizational constituency, and (3) the convergence of political opportunities with target vulnerabilities.
Pelvic girdle mobility of cryptodire and pleurodire turtles during walking and swimming
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. , Blob Richard W.
Published: June 2016

Movements of the pelvic girdle facilitate terrestrial locomotor performance in a wide range of vertebrates by increasing hind limb excursion and stride length. The extent to which pelvic movements might contribute to limb excursion in turtles is unclear, because the bony shell surrounding the body presents a major obstacle to their visualization. In cryptodires, one of the two major lineages of turtles, pelvic anatomy indicates the potential for rotation inside the shell. However, in pleurodires, the other major lineage of turtles, the pelvis shows a derived fusion to the shell, likely preventing pelvic motion. In addition, most turtles use their hind limbs for propulsion during swimming as well as walking, and the different locomotor demands between water and land could lead to differences in the contributions of pelvic rotation to limb excursion in each habitat. To test these possibilities, we used X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) to compare pelvic mobility and femoral motion during walking and swimming between representative species of cryptodire (Pseudemys concinna) and pleurodire (Emydura subglobossa) turtles. We found that the pelvis yawed substantially in cryptodires during walking and, to a lesser extent, during swimming. These movements contributed to cryptodires having greater femoral protraction in both walking and swimming when compared to pleurodires, in which the pelvis was immobile. Though factors related to the origin of pelvic-shell fusion in pleurodires are debated, its implications for their locomotor function may contribute to the restriction of this group to primarily aquatic habits.
Εγκύκλιος της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας
Authors: ΠΑΠΠΟΥΔΩΦ Αρ. , ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ Γ.
Published: June 2016

no abstract
Models of intestinal infection by Salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model
Authors: Schulte Marc , Hensel Michael
Published: June 2016

Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Manyin vitroinvestigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. Severalin vivoanimal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occurring during infection. An animal model forSalmonella-induced intestinal inflammation relies on the pretreatment of mice with streptomycin. This model is of great importance but still shows limitations to investigate the host-pathogen interaction in the small intestinein vivo. Here, we review the use of mouse models forSalmonellainfections and focus on a new small animal model using 1-day-old neonate mice. The neonate model enables researchers to observe infection of both the small and large intestine, thereby offering perspectives for new experimental approaches, as well as to analyze theSalmonella-enterocyte interaction in the small intestinein vivo.
Statin-induced diabetes: incidence, mechanisms, and implications
Authors: Ganda Om P.
Published: June 2016

Persuasive data from many randomized controlled trials and large, long-term observational studies indicate a modestly increased risk for the emergence of new diabetes after statin initiation. Several meta-analyses of many statin trials as well as longitudinal population-based studies suggest that the risk factors for diabetes in statin-treated persons include underlying risk for diabetes at baseline (specifically features of metabolic syndrome), the intensity of statin therapy, certain genetic traits independent of diabetes risk, and adherence to lifestyle factors. Limited data suggest statins modestly worsen hyperglycemia and A1c levels in those with pre-existing diabetes or glucose intolerance. The precise mechanism(s) of diabetogenesis with statin therapy are unclear, but impaired insulin sensitivity and compromised β cell function via enhanced intracellular cholesterol uptake due to inhibition of intracellular cholesterol synthesis by statins, as well as other mechanisms, may be involved. Furthermore, while statins are known to have anti-inflammatory effects, it is hypothesized that, under dysmetabolic conditions, they might have pro-inflammatory effects via induction of certain inflammasomes. This concept requires further elucidation in the human. Finally, it is clear that the risk–benefit ratio for cardiovascular disease events is strongly in favor of statin therapy in those at risk, despite the emergence of new diabetes. Adherence to lifestyle regimen is critical in the prevention of new diabetes on statins.
Multistage Robust Mixed-Integer Optimization with Adaptive Partitions
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Dunning Iain
Published: June 2016

We present a new partition-and-bound method for multistage adaptive mixed-integer optimization (AMIO) problems that extends previous work on finite adaptability. The approach analyzes the optimal solution to a static (nonadaptive) version of an AMIO problem to gain insight into which regions of the uncertainty set are restricting the objective function value. We use this information to construct partitions in the uncertainty set, leading to a finitely adaptable formulation of the problem. We use the same information to determine a lower bound on the fully adaptive solution. The method repeats this process iteratively to further improve the objective until a desired gap is reached. We provide theoretical motivation for this method, and characterize its convergence properties and the growth in the number of partitions. Using these insights, we propose and evaluate enhancements to the method such as warm starts and smarter partition creation. We describe in detail how to apply finite adaptability to multistage AMIO problems to appropriately address nonanticipativity restrictions. Finally, we demonstrate in computational experiments that the method can provide substantial improvements over a nonadaptive solution and existing methods for problems described in the literature. In particular, we find that our method produces high-quality solutions versus the amount of computational effort, even as the problem scales in the number of time stages and the number of decision variables.
Effect of counseling program on early postpartum breast feeding by nursery mother
Authors: Ahmed Amany , M. Mohamed Nour Elhoda , M. Mahmmed Thorea
Published: June 2016

Background: Breast feeding is a learnt skill. Most primipara, if encouraged, and educated can successfully breast-feed. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of postpartum breast feeding counseling program on the awareness of correct breast feeding.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in, Sohag University Hospital, between March to December 2015, on 93 primiparous women who were interviewed to collect data through a questionnaire formulated by the researchers, for assessment of breast feeding knowledge (pre-test evaluation) and for administration of counseling program one hour after delivery. Those women were interviewed again 3 hours post-partum to assess knowledge (post-test evaluation) and the initiation of breast feeding after counseling program.Results: The mean age of women in the present study was 24.3±6.9 years. The majority of women were house wives (57%), literate (84%), and intended for ≥2years birth spacing (77%). Counseling program to primiparous women resulted in significant higher % of correct general breast feeding knowledge, knowledge about breast fed babies and breast milk, as well as knowledge regarding special situations and problems during breast feeding.Conclusions: Counseling breast feeding program in the early postpartum period is an effective method to encourage mother for breast feeding.
Compassion fatigue: A Study of critical care nurses in Turkey
Authors: Dikmen Yurdanur , Aydın Yasemin , Tabakoğlu Pınar
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted to determine the level of compassion fatigue which experienced by nurses who work in intensive care units and factors that affecting it.In a cross sectional design, critical nurses were surveyed by using questionnaire and  compassion fatigue (CF) subscale of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL R-IV) to measure levels of compassion fatigueat a large National Education and ResearchHospital located in northwestof Turkey. A total of 69 critical care nurses participated in the study, for a response rate of 78%.A series of cross tab analyses examined the relationship between nurses demographics and compassion fatigue (CF) subscale. To analyze the data further, participants were recategorized into 2 groups for CF scores: (1) higher than 17: high risk and (2) lower than 17: low risk.Findings show that critical care nurses were at high risk (52.7%) and low risk (47.3%) for CF. Nurses informed significant differences in compassion fatigue on the basis of age, years of critical care experience, working hours (weekly).
Adnexal masses: Clinical approach and pathological findings
 Adneksiyal kitleler: Klinik yaklaşım ve patolojik bulgular
Authors: Şık Bulat Aytek , Erdem Baki , Aba Yılda Arzu , Kumbasar Serkan
Published: June 2016

Our study aims to investigate patients with adnexal masses without known pathologies in conjunction with their demographic data, patient history, length of hospitalization, complications, ratio of approaching patients laparoscopically or with laparotomy, and pathological findings. Patient data were collected retrospectively by browsing patient filed. Besides clinical information such as length of hospitalization, used surgical technique, whether there was a transition to laparotomy, whether there was a perioperative complication, and pathological examination results of the sample taken, data like the radiological size of the mass, number of previous operations, circumstances that lead to comorbidity, age, and state of menopause during surgery were collected. Among 110 patients, 48 (43.6%) were applied laparoscopy, while 56 (50.9) were applied laparotomy. The mean length of surgery was 107.4±53.8 minutes (40-181 mins.). Most seen surgery indications were persistent cyst seen in 55 patients (50%) and complex cyst seen in 16 patients (14.5%). In patients diagnosed with adnexal masses, distinguishing benign and malign masses by simultaneous usage of history, physical therapy, laboratory tests, and transvaginal ultrasonography, and deciding for laparoscopy and/or laparotomy based on this for treatment, is a highly reliable method. ÖzetÇalışmamız da patolojisi bilinmeyen adneksiyal kitlesi olan hastaların, sosyodemografik verileri, hasta özellikleri, hastanede yatış süreleri, komplikasyonları, hastalara laparoskopik veya laparotomi ile yaklaşım oranları, patolojik bulguları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hasta bilgileri retrospektif olarak hasta dosyalarının taranması sonucu elde edilmiştir. Hastanede kalış süresi, perioperatif komplikasyon, kullanılan cerrahi teknik, laparotomiye geçiş olup olmadığı, alınan materyalin patolojik inceleme sonucu gibi klinik bilgilerin yanında radyolojik olarak kitlenin boyutu, daha önce geçirilmiş ameliyat sayısı, komorbidite oluşturan durumlar, cerrahi esnasında menopoz durumu ve yaş gibi bilgiler  değerlendirilmiştir. 110 hastanın 48 (%43,6) ine laparoskopi, 56 (%50,9) sına laparotomi yapılmıştır. Ameliyat süresi ortalaması 107,4±538 dakikadır  (40-181 dk.). En sık ameliyat endikasyonu, 55 hastada  (%50) saptanan persiste kist ve ikinci sıklıkta 16 hastada (%14,5) komplike kisttir. Adneksiyal kitle tanısı alan hastalarda, öykü, fizik muayene, laboratuvar tetkikleri, transvaginal ultrasonografi ile bir arada kullanılarak benign-malign ayırımının yapılması ve buna göre laparoskopi ve/veya laparotomi ile tedavisi oldukça yüksek güvenilirliğe sahiptir.
Trends in the Production of Castings in the World and in Poland in the XXI Century
Authors: Soiński M.S. , Kordas P. , Skurka K.
Published: June 2016

The paper presents data concerning the total production of castings over the 2000-2014 period, both on a global scale, and in Poland. The basic types of casting alloys were taken into account. Changes in the production volume and structure over the period of the analysed 15 years were pointed out with respect to countries leading in foundry production. The topmost position in the world foundry industry is held by China for several years (with almost 45% share in the foundry market), the second place is taken by India (with almost 9% share). A distinct reduction in the shares of the once significant producers of castings, such as USA, Japan, Germany, Russia, Italy, or France, was observed over the 2000-2014 period. Poland had a share of 1.16% in 2000, and of 1.02% in 2014. Comparing the detailed data concerning the years 2000 and 2014, one can see that the fractions of castings made of ductile iron, cast steel, aluminium alloys, or magnesium alloys increase on a global scale, while such alloys as grey cast iron or malleable are in decline.
Numerical Simulation of Solidification Microstructure based on Adaptive Octree Grids
Authors: Yin Y. , Li Y. , Wu K. , Zhou J.
Published: June 2016

The main work of this paper focuses on the simulation of binary alloy solidification using the phase field model and adaptive octree grids. Ni-Cu binary alloy is used as an example in this paper to do research on the numerical simulation of isothermal solidification of binary alloy. Firstly, the WBM model, numerical issues and adaptive octree grids have been explained. Secondary, the numerical simulation results of three dimensional morphology of the equiaxed grain and concentration variations are given, taking the efficiency advantage of the adaptive octree grids. The microsegregation of binary alloy has been analysed emphatically. Then, numerical simulation results of the influence of thermophysical parameters on the growth of the equiaxed grain are also given. At last, a simulation experiment of large scale and long-time has been carried out. It is found that increases of initial temperature and initial concentration will make grain grow along certain directions and adaptive octree grids can effectively be used in simulations of microstructure.
Application of ALSV(FD) logic and XTT knowledge representation in the range of ADI properties
Authors: Regulski K. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Rojek G. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Adrian W.T.
Published: June 2016

The objective of studies presented in this publication was structuring of research knowledge about the ADI functional properties and changes in these properties due to material treatment. The results obtained were an outcome of research on the selection of a format of knowledge representation that would be useful in further work aiming at the design, application and implementation of an effective system supporting the decisions of a technologist concerning the choice of a suitable material (ADI in this case) and appropriate treatment process (if necessary). ALSV(FD) logic allows easy modelling of knowledge, which should let addressees of the target system carry out knowledge modelling by themselves. The expressiveness of ALSV (FD) logic allows recording the values of attributes from the scope of the modelled domain regarding ADI, which is undoubtedly an advantage in the context of further use of the logic. Yet, although the logic by itself does not allow creating the rules of knowledge, it may form a basis for the XTT format that is rule-based notation. The difficulty in the use of XTT format for knowledge modelling is acceptable, but formalism is not suitable for the discovery of rules, and therefore the knowledge of technologist is required to determine the impact of process parameters on values that are functional properties of ADI. The characteristics of ALSV(FD) logic and XTT formalism, described in this article, cover the most important aspects of a broadly discussed, full evaluation of the applicability of these solutions in the construction of a system supporting the decisions of a technologist.
Cardiac War Wounds
Authors: Ždrale Slavko , Vuković Marko
Published: June 2016

The paper presents myocardial contusion and penetrating cardiac war wounds. The authors report their experience with thirteen cases of penetrating wounds, out of which only two were treated in the conditions acceptable for surgery. The other 11 wounds were treated in war hospitals which were mostly improvised, and in mobile surgical teams. The basic, exclusively physical examination methods are described here, with the emphasis that “it is better to open and see than wait and see”. Such procedure gave the results that could be compared with the best ones in the literature (only one death). Three, conditionally speaking, specific cases are presented: one tangential wound with relapsing hemorrhage and two spontaneously sanitized ventricle wounds followed by other kinds of complications.
Perforation of the Right Ventricle as a Complication of Pericardiocentesis: A Case report
Authors: Stojanović Milovan , Ilić Bojan , Stojanović Sanja , Ilić Stevan , Ilić Marina Deljanin
Published: June 2016

Pericardial effusion represents the accumulation of larger amounts of fluid in the pericardial cavity. If not timely diagnosed and adequately treated, it can lead to cardiac tamponade. The treatment of pericardial effusion includes primarily the use of drugs like aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and/or colchicine followed by invasive procedures such as pericardiocentesis or pericardiectomy. Pericardiocentesis complications are extremely rare but very serious especially in the case of the rupture of the right ventricle or the coronary arteries. Patient S.V, born in 1938, from Svrljig, was examined because of suffocating and swollen shin. The medical reports showed that the patient previously had had a permanent pacemaker implanted and that he had undergone a triple coronary artery bridging. Medical reports also showed that two months before the examination he was hospitalized due to pericardial effusion at the reference institution. The ultrasonographic examination registered large circular effusion with the motion of the right ventricle and the patient underwent urgent pericardiocentesis. During pericardiocentesis, the rupture of the right ventricle occurred and the patient was sent to the cardiac surgery clinic where he had catheter extraction performed. The control ultrasound examination of the heart showed no pericardial effusion, and no signs of damage to the right ventricle.
Evaluation of Usefulness of the Designed Laboratory Photobioreactor for Microalgae Cultivation in Controlled Conditions
Authors: Brzychczyk Beata , Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Giełżecki Jan
Published: June 2016

The objective of the paper was to analyse the use of the designed photobioreactor for freshwater microalgae cultivation in the controlled laboratory conditions. The work covered the design and construction of photobioreactors (PBR) and setting up comparative cultivations of freshwater microalgae chlorelli vulgaris along with determination of the biomass growth intensity for a varied amount of supplied culture medium. It was found out that the constructed PBR may be used for microalgae cultivation in the controlled conditions. The impact of the culture medium amount on the growth of chlorelli vulgaris was proved. As a result of the increase of culture medium concentration to 30.1-120.4 ml·l−1 of water, dry mass in photobioreactorsincreased respectively from 1.33 g·dm−3 to 4.68 g·dm−3.
Changes of Organoleptic Quality in Potato Tubers after Application of Natural Sprout Inhibitors
Authors: Grudzińska Magdalena , Czerko Zbigniew , Borowska-Komenda Monika
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the sensory properties of the table potato in relation to the use of natural sprout inhibitors during long-term storage. The material for the study consisted in four varieties of potato of the medium early group. The research was carried out in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute Branch in Jadwisin in 2014-2015. After harvest potatoes were stored from the end of October to April at 5°C, at the relative humidity of 90-95%, without application of natural sprout inhibitors (control) and using the natural sprout inhibitors (essential oils). After storage, the potatoes were boiled and sensory evaluation was carried out, which includes qualities such as: over-cooking of the surface, texture, mealiness, flesh texture, taste and smell. Study results showed that long-term storage of potatoes treated with natural sprout inhibitors – peppermint, caraway and clove essential oils is significant for the changes in overcooking the surface, structure of potatoes and mealiness of tubers after cooking. The taste and smell of potato tubers depended only on the variety.
Limiting Odour Emission from Piggery through Application of Heat Recovery System
Authors: Rzeźnik Wojciech , Mielcarek Paulina , Rzeźnik Ilona
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of manure cooling by the use of the heat recovery system on odour emission from a deep litter piggery. Annual comparative research was carried out in a twin-room deep litter piggery located in Wielkopolska Voivodeship. The recovered heat was transferred to central heating and domestic hot water systems of a residential building. The study showed that the average odour emission rate from the room, where heat was recovered (0.192±0.083 ouE·s−1·kg m.c.−1) was lower than in the room without heat recovering (0.273±0.138 ouE·s−1·kg m.c. −1) (p<0.05). The difference was 27%. It was also found that there was statistically significant strong correlation (r =0.86) between the amount of the recovered heat and the percentage odour emission reduction (p <0.05). This relationship was described by the logarithmic regression line y=12.5ln(x)-21.5 (r2=0.74)