bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Ketamine in Calcium Changes in Intracellular Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Legiran Legiran , Irfannuddin Irfannuddin , Ahmad Ramli , Ibrahim Nurhadi , Zainal Rizal
Published: April 2024

: Ketamine was formerly introduced as an anesthesia drug and known as a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). As knowledge grows, recent studies reveal the antidepressant effect of the drug. Moreover, a few investigations indicate that ketamine might be responsible for multiple calcium-regulated signaling pathways. Ketamine is thought to affect calcium homeostasis through several of its targets, such as N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate acid receptors (AMPA), and voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs).
Letter to the Editor: A brief insight into the NDT in the UK
Authors:   Islamic Azad University, Ghannadi Parsa ,   Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University (ASMU), Kourehli Seyed Sina ,   University of Southern Queensland, Nguyen Andy ,   University of Strathclyde, Oterkus Erkan
Published: April 2024

The UK has traditionally been strong in NDT techniques. However, there is no notable endeavor to review the recent activities comprehensively. This letter to the editor presents a brief insight into the NDT in the UK and identifies critical topics to explore in future review papers.
Use of Sterile Materials and Soaking Time For Banana (Musa Spp) Explant
Authors: Nora Augustien
Published: April 2024

NaOCl is often used in various sterilization techniques with various concentrations and soaking times. In addition to NaOCL which is used for explant sterilization, 70% alcohol is also often used for the explant sterilization process. Usually mushrooms or fungi will die if exposed to a 70% alcohol solution. The aim of the study was to determine the method of sterilization with NaOCl concentration followed by immersion in alcohol on the acquisition of sterile explants of kepok banana plant. The research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory,  Faculty  of  Agriculture,  UPN  Veteran,  East  Java.  The  research  design  used  a  non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the treatment consisted of 6 sterilization treatments namely (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4),  (S5), (S6). The results  showed  that  there  was  no  effect  between  the  concentration  of NaOCl sterilization and the duration of immersion in alcohol on the percentage of live explants and the percentage of contaminated explants, and the sterilization method used can produce live and sterile explants with an average yield of below 50%, but in treatment (S6) 25% NaOCl + 70% alcohol for 30 minutes is able to produce 30% live and sterile explants. Various sterilization methods used gave good results on the percentage of stagnant explants.
Exploring the Efficacy of Vocational Training Programs in Motor Vehicle and Mechanic Works Trade: A Case Study of Science and Technical Colleges in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Sule Samaila Yerima , Lare Ojo Joshua , Oguntokun John Ebenezer
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to explore the efficacy of vocational training programs in Motor Vehicle and Mechanic Works Trade: a case study of science and technical colleges in northeast Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design and was carried out in northeast Nigeria. The Zone includes the states of Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe, and is situated at latitude 6.260 East and longitude 4.920 North East of Nigeria. The population of the study was 621 comprising 128 MVMW trade teachers, 126 administrators (Principals and two Vice Principals), and 367 students from the 42 science and technical colleges in Northeast Nigeria. The study adopted Simple random sampling to select a sample size of 234 respondents using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size table. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled: “Efficacy of Vocational Training Programs in Motor Vehicle and Mechanic Works Trade Questionnaire, (EVTPMVMWTQ)". The data for the study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that the curriculum adequately covers essential topics, practical training facilities are well-equipped, instructors demonstrate expertise, safety protocols are emphasized, and opportunities for hands-on experience are provided. The findings further revealed that the high agreement levels, with mean scores above 4.0, across various aspects of the training program in Motor Vehicle and Mechanic Works (MVMW), suggest a positive perception among students regarding the effectiveness of the program. It was recommended that the government should upgrade and provide modern automotive equipment and tools to ensure vocational training programs have access to current resources. Collaborate with industry partners to facilitate equipment provision and ensure practical training aligns with industry standards.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors: Selamat Zainal Ariffin , Abd Rahim Shayfull Zamree , Muhamed Mohd Najib , Mat Saad Mohd Nasir , Wan Ibrahim Wan Abdul Rahman Assyahid , Mohamed Kamrol Amri , Mohd Khalil Mohd Khair
Published: April 2024

Discover the intricate world of manufacturing processes in this comprehensive guide. Delve into the fascinating realm of metal casting, were molten metal transforms into extraordinary shapes through meticulous techniques. Uncover the art of forming and shaping, where raw materials are molded into precise structures using innovative methods. Explore the realm of machining elements, where intricate designs come to life with unparalleled precision and accuracy. Feel free to venture into the realm of non-traditional machining, where cutting-edge technologies revolutionize the manufacturing landscape. Immerse yourself in the captivating realm of manufacturing processes and unlock the secrets behind reacting exceptional products through the interplay of innovation, skill and precision.
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING II
Authors: Mohd Mortar Nurul Aida , Aziz Ahmad Fauzan , Ismail Anis Nadhirah , Che Pa Faizul , Selimin Mohammad Tamizi
Published: April 2024

This book teaches aspiring students the fundamentals of technical drawing with rigorous attention to detail with conventional and modern techniques. The first chapter introduces the notion of auxiliary views, which are obtained when the lines of sight are not parallel to the major projection planes (frontal, horizontal or profile). The following chapter is pictorial drawing, which provides a 3D depiction to aid in comprehending the contour of an object or deciphering a drawing. The working drawing system, which is used throughout the construction or manufacture of a product, is thoroughly detailed in Chapter 3. The final three chapters covered modern engineering drawing using the AutoCAD application. AutoCAD is the use of computer technologies to facilitate the design, modification and optimisation of 2D, and 3D design. Students can also test their understanding by tackling the exercises provided in this book.
ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR TECHNOLOGISTS
Authors: Baba Nor Bahiyah , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Muhamed Mohd Najib , Che Pa Faizul , Mohamed Rabiatul Manisah , Mohd Tahir Muhammad Faheem
Published: April 2024

The book then delves into the specifics of ferrous metals, discussing their properties, classification, and various types of steel alloys. It explores the different heat treatment processes that can be employed to modify the properties of steel, such as annealing, quenching, and tempering. The emphasis is on understanding the microstructural changes that occur during heat treatment and their influence on mechanical properties like hardness, strength, and toughness. The subsequent chapters focus on non-ferrous metals, polymers, glass, and ceramic materials. Each of these material categories is discussed in terms of their properties, applications, and processing techniques. The book highlights the unique characteristics and advantages of each material type, as well as their limitations and considerations for engineering applications.
PROBLEM SOLVING AND COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Authors: Ngah Nurul Haslinda , Azmi Azralmukmin , Ibrahim Mohd Nazri , Muda Muriati , Abdul Aziz Noraniah , Ghazali Nur Hafizah
Published: April 2024

Problem Solving and Computer Programming is a definitive resource that takes readers on a journey through the world of problem solving and computer programming using C++ language. This book serves as a comprehensive guide for beginners and intermediate programmers, providing them with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the field. With a practical and hands-on approach, the book starts by introducing fundamental problem-solving techniques and algorithmic thinking. Readers learn how to analyze problems, break them down into smaller subproblems and devise efficient solutions. Through clear explanations and real-world examples, the book demonstrates how algorithms drive the core of computer programming. The book dives into essential programming constructs, such as sequential structures, control structures, data types, functions, arrays, string and file input/output. What sets this book apart is its emphasis on practical problem solving. Each chapter presents programming challenges that encourage readers to think critically, analyze problems from different angles and devise creative solutions using C++. Additionally, the book provides detailed explanations of the solutions, helping readers understand the underlying principles and refining their programming skills. With a strong focus on algorithmic problem solving, this book prepares readers for real-world challenges. Whether readers aspire to compete in programming competitions, excel in academic studies, or pursue a career in software development, Problem Solving and Computer Programming equips them with the tools and strategies to tackle complex problems and build efficient, scalable solutions. In summary, Problem Solving and Computer Programming is an all-inclusive guide that combines the art of problem solving with the science of computer programming. With its comprehensive coverage, practical examples and hands-on exercises, it is an essential resource for anyone seeking to master algorithms and unleash their full potential in the world of computer programming.
Rezension zu Diana Ascher, Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Fulda
Authors: Greule Albrecht
Published: April 2024

Diana Ascher, Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Fulda. Fuldaer Studien Bd. 25. Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder 2020. 848 S. – ISBN 978-3-451-38925-2, Preis: EUR 88,00.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI PELATIHAN MENJAHIT DI SANGGAR KEGIATAN BELAJAR (SKB) KOTA SERANG
Authors: Dharma Sugana Muhammad Treynadi Bio , Sudrajat Indra
Published: April 2024

Evaluation is conducted to determine the effectiveness of the program and provide recommendations for future program improvements. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the sewing training program at the Serang City SKB had a positive impact on the participants, especially in improving sewing skills and economic empowerment. However, there are several obstacles in the implementation of the program, such as the lack of support from the government and the lack of adequate facilities. Therefore, it is suggested that the sewing training program at SKB Serang City continue to be improved by improving facilities and increasing support from the government. In addition, periodic evaluations need to be carried out to ensure the program is running well and providing optimal benefits for the participants.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN ARGUMENTASI HUKUM DALAM OPTIMALISASI LEGAL ADVICE PADA BAWASLU
Authors: Purnamasari Andi Intan , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Moh Yunus Nursiah , Awaliyah Awaliyah
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on efforts to improve the ability of human resources through the form of training in producing legal argumentation as one of the strengthening skills of Bawaslu members in Donggala district. Legal Argumentation is essentially made to answer certain issues. This issue generally arises from the client. Therefore, a legal argumentation must be made in a focused, systematic, and proportional manner. Legal argumentation usually only consists of 3-5 pages. For this reason, legal argumentation must focus only on the issue in question, not discussing matters outside of it. Legal argumentation must also be systematic so that the description is easy to understand. There is no standard format for a Legal Argumentation, but at least an LO consists of: (1) the case, (2) identifiable and relevant legal basis, (3) legal opinion, and closed with (5) conclusion, which includes suggestions or recommendations.
Near Death Experience Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Abdul Hadi
Published: April 2024

Near death experience (NDE) adalah pengalaman yang terjadi terkait dengan kematian atau persepsi mengenai kematian itu akan datang. NDE dapat disebabkan oleh kecelakaan, mimpi, stress, kekurangan oksigen secara mendadak, rangsangan otak dan koma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami keterkaitan peristiwa NDE dalam perspektif Islam. Metode pengumpulan data adalah studi Pustaka dari jurnal, buku, internet, dokumentasi dan Pustaka. NDE merupakan kondisi penderita belum mengalami kematian. Penderita NDE mengalami anomali pada sistem saraf, abnormalitas atau adanya kekacauan yang pada hasil scanning yang dilakukan oleh neurologis atau neuroscientist. NDE dalam perspektif Islam percaya bahwa setiap individu pada waktu yang tepat akan mengalami kematian. Mati suri dalam Hadits Qudsi didefinisikan sebagai pintu yang menghubungkan dunia dan akhirat. Prinsip mati suri sama dengan orang yang sedang tertidur, yaitu roh diibaratkan sebagai tali yang memiliki dua ujung yang terikat pada tubuh. Jika salah satu ujung tali terlepas dari badan memungkinkan manusia untuk melayang-layang atau disebut dengan mimpi/mati suri. Oleh karena itu, pembahasan NDE dalam perspektif Islam perlu dilakukan pemahaman lebih mendalam agar umat muslim dapat memahami definisi kematian berdasarkan sains dan Ilmu Islam sehingga tidak menimbulkan suatu keraguan.
Růst douglasky tisolisté v mlazinách v závislosti na výchově a konkurenčním tlaku borovice lesní na živinově chudších stanovištích
Authors: Dušek David , Novák Jiří
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the growth response of young stands of Douglas-fir and mixtures of Douglas-fir with Scots pine on nutrient-poor sites. The experiment was established in a seventeen-year-old naturally regenerated stands using a block design with two replications. The silvicultural intervention (thinning) involved reducing the number of trees to 1,800 per hectare in the stand without pine representation and reducing it to approximately 4,000 trees in the less mature stand in the mixture with pine. The results of a thirteen-year time series since the implementation of the initial thinning are presented. The diameter growth of Douglas-fir on these sites is significantly lower compared to Scots pine. Without thinning, Douglas-fir is gradually being displaced by Scots pine in the stand, leading to a decrease in its representation and basal area. The silvicultural intervention have positively influenced diameter increment and improved the static properties of the trees, as expressed by their height-diameter ratio (HDR). In the thinned plot without pine occurrence, it was even possible to temporarily reduce the HDR values of target Douglas-fir trees. In the thinned plot with pine competition, the rate of HDR increase was only reduced compared to the control.
Tuning Vision-Language Models and Generative Models with Knowledge Graph
Authors: Khobragade Vaibhav
Published: April 2024

Bridging Human Perception and AI’s Future: The Convergence of Visual Understanding and Semantic Networks Author · Vaibhav Khobragade (

ORCID:

0009–0009–8807–5982)

Introduction

The fusion of Vision-Language Models (

VLMs

), Generative Models, and Knowledge Graphs (

KGs

) is reshaping how artificial intelligence (AI) understands and interacts with the world.
Research integrity, preprints and where should the responsibility lie?
Authors: Moore Samuel
Published: April 2024

Last week,  The Scholarly Kitchen  posted an article by Angela Cochran,Vice President of Publishing at the American Society of Clinical Oncology, about the inability of publishers to deal with research fraud. She writes: Cochran’s argument is that although publishers manage the peer review process, it was never an expectation of peer review that they would perform ‘forensic analysis’ of datasets and associated materials.
Transforming Research Culture - Introducing the Evaluation & Culture Focal Area at CWTS
Authors: Madtrics Leiden
Published: April 2024

What reforms in how we assess and value research are necessary to better equip public science systems for the existential challenges of the 21st century? How can we understand and tackle issues such as inequitable access to scientific literature, increasing strain on peer review systems, and publisher oligopolies?
NLU vs. NLG: Unveiling the Two Sides of Natural Language Processing
Authors: Gupta Dhruv
Published: April 2024

Understanding the Power and Applications of Natural Language Processing

Author

Dhruv Gupta (

ORCID:

0009–0004–7109–5403) Introduction We are living in the era of generative AI. In an era where you can ask AI models almost anything, they will most certainly have an answer to the query. With the increased computational power and the amount of textual data, these models are bound to improve their performance.
Studying the nexus of green financing and sustainable development in China: Role of socioeconomic influences
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , Ullah Inam
Published: April 2024

The paper explores the concept of “green finance” and its role in addressing environmental issues through diverse funding strategies in China. It analyzes the factors driving renewable energy development in China from 2005 to 2022 using a unique method called “christened plate cointegration” and connectedness modeling. The study highlights the significance of encouraging environmentally responsible financing and involving private sector businesses in regional and global growth for long-term sustainability. The paper emphasizes the importance of cross-country dependence (CD) as a metric for analyzing interconnectedness between studied countries and suggests isolating the pass dependence for an impartial CD analysis. The study demonstrates that an increase in renewable energy usage leads to a rise in trademark registrations and financial development applications, and private sector involvement corresponds to the rise in trademarks and patents. Overall, the study emphasizes the significance of green financing in mitigating climate change and advancing sustainable growth, as well as the role played by private enterprises in local, national, and global development.
Goliath vs. Goliath, IT product management at Amazon and IBM
Authors: Georgousis  Ilias 
Published: April 2024

Product management (PM) is nearing its centennial. The father of modern PM Neil H. McElroy laid the foundation for this ever-expanding role. Since 1931, this role has undergone many changes and additions; a lot of literature covers these aspects. However, two of the most interesting aspects of this role are the introduction of PM in technology and the new product development theory (NPD). The goal of this paper is to examine and compare the PM practices of two giant corporations, Amazon and IBM, that seemingly use different techniques and approaches when it comes to their PM implementation and strategy. The research methods applied are two case studies and a comparative analysis. Through examining relevant literature and publicly accessible information, the comparative analysis is performed, and the specific practices of strategy, product development, validating customer needs, service innovation, portfolio management, new product development, and diffusion or adoption are selected to provide a spherical approach and information for the two selected companies. A plethora of literature papers are reviewed, and more emphasis is, of course, given to the aforementioned practices that information is more available, and for the other topics, a brief introduction is accomplished and space for further research is set.
H∞ hybrid control and MRD in a steel frame building subjected to excessive vibrations caused by the dynamic action of wind and earthquake
Authors: De Gois Silva Michael Dowglas , Chavarette Fábio Roberto
Published: April 2024

The dynamic loads from earthquakes and winds can destroy lives, cause collapse in civil structures, and interrupt basic services provided to the population. In this scenario, structural designs must be developed to decrease the damage induced by these actions. The objective of this work is to design a hybrid controller based on the H∞ optimization via state feedback and the magneto-rheological damper (MRD) to mitigate the excessive vibrations of a three-story steel frame building, represented through the shear building model, subjected to the simultaneous dynamic action of wind and earthquake. All research is based on computational simulation, experimental research and results will not be addressed. In the numerical analysis, digital computer and MATLAB® software are used, and implemented codes generate the expected results based on the mathematical modeling. With the application of the H∞ control technique via state feedback, the displacements were reduced by 77%. With MRD this reduction was 79%. With the hybrid controller, this reduction was 100%. Thus, the verifications in relation to maximum displacements were met for NBR 15421:2006, NBR 8800:2008 and NBR 6118:2014. From the results, it is concluded that the hybrid controller proved to be more efficient and achieved the proposed objective. The exogenous inputs had zero influence on the behavior of the system output.
Evaluation of disparate multiplicities of copper oxide nanoparticles integrated feed on the growth and hematology of koi carp
Authors: Kaleeswaran Chinnadurai , Senthamarai Murugeswaran Dayana , Rajan Muthuswami Ruby
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different multiplicities of integrated feed containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the morphology and growth of Koi carp. UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to produced and characterize the CuO nanoparticles. Different copper oxide nanoparticle multiplicities, including 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg, were added to the 100 g feed. After 21 days, the Koi carp’s feed consumption and hematological parameters were assessed. CuO NPs were examined at 200–300 nm wavelengths, according to the UV–visible absorption spectra. At wavelengths ranging from 9.18 mm (scale bar 10 µm) to 9.18 mm (scale bar 2 µm), SEM pictures were observed. Two peaks in the spectrum at 0.9 KeV and 8 KeV were detected by the EDAX spectrum. The wavelength range for the XRD picture observation was 75 nm. The 400 to 4000 cm–1 wavelength range was used to observe the FT-IR spectra. The Koi carp’s condition factor and feed utilization metrics were greater in feed VI. From feed I to feed VI, all other parameters are gradually reduced while the WBC count is steadily increased. The study came to the conclusion that Koi carp might grow well with 200 mg of copper oxide nanoparticles mixed with diet.
Spread of Q fever in Bulgaria and risk assessment for animal health and public health in 2023
Authors: Vasileva Madlen , Goujgoulova Gabriela , Koev Koycho
Published: April 2024

Q fever, first described among slaughterhouse staff in Australia in 1937, is now recognized as an endemic disease throughout the world, except New Zealand. Since this first description, knowledge of this pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. From the public health point of view and economic consequences, Q fever is a zoonotic disease of high public importance, the etiological agent of which, Coxiella burnetii, is included in group B of the list of potential biological weapons of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE).
The 14 positive cases of Q fever in humans in the Gabrovo Region (including 4 veterinarians and staff working on the farms) and the positive herds found in three cow farms and one sheep farm also raised concern. For this reason, it is important to recall the importance of this disease and the risks it poses to human and animal health, as well as to outline the necessary measures for surveillance and prevention of new cases. In relation with the detected positive cases of Q fever in humans (among them, farm owners and staff, veterinarians) and positive herds of large and small ruminants in the last five years in a number of regions of Bulgaria, we tracked and analyzed the spread of Coxiella burnetii and the possibilities for the control and eradication of the Q fever disease, as well as with the aim of establishing the trends in the prevalence of the disease and especially the relationship between the morbidity in humans and animals.
Application of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road Illustrations in Ya’an Tibetan Tea Packaging
Authors:   School of Anxi Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China, Lin Siqi , Hsu Yu-Lin ,   School of Digital Economics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
Published: April 2024

This study explores the modernization of tea packaging, departing from traditional landscape-themed illustrations to resonate with younger consumers. With a focus on the Ancient Tea-Horse Road theme and Ya’an Tibetan tea, various methodologies are employed: Literature Review: Illustration styles are analyzed across historical periods to inform modern design choices. Case Analysis: Existing tea packaging designs, particularly those targeting young consumers, and integrating elements of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road, are examined. Field Research: The historical and cultural significance of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road are investigated. Design Implementation: Computer software blended hand-drawn images with modern images. By infusing the essence of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road into Ya’an Tibetan tea packaging through modern illustrations, this study aims to create a visually appealing product that bridges tradition with contemporary aesthetics. This approach revitalizes traditional themes, enhancing product distinctiveness and market competitiveness.
Impersonation Of A Legal Practitioner In Nigeria: Is The Law Adequate?
Authors:   Deputy Director Academics, Nigerian Law School Kano Campus, Ali Bobai Paul , Okorie Ajah Joseph ,   Lecturer II, Nigerian Law School, Lagos Campus, Yahaya Musa ,   Lecturer II, Nigerian Law School, Yola Campus
Published: April 2024

Impersonation is one of the greatest challenges bedevilling the legal profession in Nigeria. In recent times, some persons were arrested, tried, convicted and punished either by sentence to certain terms of imprisonment or an option of a fine for the offence of impersonation of legal practitioner. The ugly trend is on the increase rapidly in spite of the many efforts aimed at containing it. The conviction and the attendant penalty ordinarily supposed to serve as a deterrent, but the reverse is the case in Nigeria. This article aimed at examining the growing trend of impersonation of legal practitioners and the possible reasons behind it in Nigeria. The paper adopted and employed doctrinal research methodology to collate data. It was found that one of the major reasons for the rapid increase in the impersonation of legal practitioners is the inadequacy of the law in this regard, particularly with respect to punishment. For instance, by virtue of section 22 (1) of the Legal Practitioner Act, the maximum term of imprisonment that may be imposed on a person found guilty of impersonation is two years or a fine of two hundred naira. It is against this backdrop that this paper recommended that the Legal Practitioner Act should be amended to provide stricter and tougher sanctions like 10 years minimum terms of imprisonment, fine of five million naira among others. This will serve as a deterrent and reduce to the barest minimum the incidence of impersonation of legal practitioners in Nigeria.
Protection Of Civilian Population In International Humanitarian Law
Authors:   Head, Law and Jurisprudence Department, School of Law, Kampala International University, Ekpa Shedrack , E. Ugbagwu-Ekpa Loveth ,   Faculty of Law, Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba Nigeria
Published: April 2024

The underpinning philosophy with far reaching implications in international humanitarian law is overriding consideration of humanity. Protection of persons and objects in situations of warfare flows from the entrenched reality of the principle of distinction in the choice of target and the need to minimize the calamity of war. This paper is aimed at interrogating civilian’s persons and objects within the provinces of the law of armed conflict with a view to determining adequacy or otherwise of the extant prescriptions. The paper being a conceptual analysis relied on both primary and secondary sources of data for its analysis and conclusion. It found that most of the provisions on civilian protection are not couched to elicit construction that could command strong obedience. Secondly the paper found also that notwithstanding the superfluity of applicable conventions, protocols, and states practice regarding the subject, compliance and enforcement with the ideal prescription has become deliberately problematic thereby necessitating the pertinent needs for more proactive and robust co-operation amongst States and non-State actors as well suggesting reforms of those implicated prescriptions in order to promote the set out ideals of IHL.
An Assessment Of The Ethical And Legal Dilemma In The Practice Of Anaesthesiology: The Nigerian Perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Law Philomath University, Kuje, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Arthur-Jolasinmi Mary , Agbo Friday Ojonugwa ,   Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Veritas University, Abuja, Legal Practitioner, Education Administrator, Potter’s Chambers, Abuja, Federal Capital  Territory
Published: April 2024

The practice of medicine intersects with the legal system in two important ways. The ethical code establishes the framework of permissible conduct, through regulation, while the legal system provides patients and other entities recourse when these regulations are breached. Anaesthesia is a branch of Medicine and Anaesthesiologists care for patients at the extremes of health and illness, frequently employing life-sustaining technologies and procedures to restore health. Patients have widely recognised right to reject life-sustaining procedures that may be in conflict with the tradition of physician paternalism and authoritarianism derived from virtue-based ethics. This naturally leads to high expectations among the general public from the Anaesthesiologists. In the past, patients used to subject themselves to surgery after signing a simple willingness form, but in the present scenario, if any catastrophe occurs, it grabs news headlines, negligence is suspected by the general public. There has been a rising trend in medical negligence cases that the services provided by an anaesthesiologist come under the apprehension standard of care, protocols by which anaesthesiologists should abide to avoid legal consequences. This paper examines emerging ethical issues since the establishment of anaesthesia as a branch of medicine. The paper adopts the doctrinal methodology of research by examining primary and secondary sources related to the discourse. The paper further recommends adequate medical information by way of educating patients on their rights before any medical procedure among others.
Miss-Allocation: The Value of Workplace Gender Composition and Occupational Segregation
Authors: Schuh Rachel
Published: April 2024

I analyze the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 U.S. adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that on average women and men value gender diversity, but these average preferences mask substantial heterogeneity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily. This suggests that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain some women’s desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess the influence of gender composition preferences on gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers’ composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce female employment in male-dominated occupations substantially. Reducing segregation could improve welfare: making all occupations evenly gender balanced improves utility as much as a 0.4 percent wage increase for women and a 1 percent wage increase for men, on average.
Monetary Policy Dynamics and the Nigeria’s Global Competitiveness: The Missing Link
Authors: Agbogun Oghenekparobo Ernest , Oshiobugie Omolegie Bruno , Oboro Oghenero Godday
Published: April 2024

Despite the series of monetary policies adopted by the Nigerian government over time, the (Nigerian) economy in comparison to other countries in the world like South Africa, the USA, Ghana, and the like is still improvised. Still, inconsistency between monetary policy formulation and implementation remains another major issues yet unattended to. It is in this regards that, the current study is dedicated towards examining the effect of monetary policy dynamics and the Nigeria’s global competitiveness from 1992 to 2021 (i.e., 30 years) using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study disclosed that, the variables are integrated at level and first difference while the ARDL Bound test evidenced that, the series cointegrates. Specifically, monetary policy rate has a positive minimal effect on Nigeria’s global competitiveness, while the CRR improved Nigeria’s global competitiveness significantly. However, both lending rates and exchange rates have a significant negative effect on economic competitiveness. Consequently, the paper concludes that both the cash reserve ratio and the Nigeria’s demeaning state are attributed to the high exchange rate (EXR) and high lending rates. Thus, the paper submits that the current monetary policy rates are sustained and that all DMBS should adhere to the stipulated Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) since it has improved the Nigeria’s global competitiveness significantly. Lastly, the study confirmed that, the missing link is the policy surmount on the part of the Nigerian government.
Between Legal Deficiencies and Political Restraint
Authors: Berthout Augustin
Published: April 2024

Traditionally, it is Germany, not France, which is presented as the model example of militant democracy. Among the various provisions of the German Basic Law, Article 21 (2), setting out the procedure for banning political parties, is perhaps one of the clearest expressions of the basic constitutional decision in favour of a streitbare Demokratie. Nevertheless, setting concepts aside and examining empirical data, it is interesting to note that Germany has banned fewer political parties than France since the end of the Second World War.
Organizational Justice & Work Climate of Hotel Employees in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia, Kasa Mark , Hassan Zaiton
Published: April 2024

Research Aims: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between both organizational justice and organizational climate towards turnover intention, with job satisfaction acting as the mediating variable. Design/Methodology/Approach: This cross-sectional study involves conducting a survey among 252 hotel employees in Sarawak. Pearson correlation analysis and Haye’s PROCESS model through SPSS macros model 4 were applied to examine relationships and meditational effects. Research Findings: The results indicate that 1. Job satisfaction mediates the relationship between organizational climate and turnover intention; 2. Job satisfaction mediates the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention; 3. Job satisfaction is negatively related to turnover intention. Theoretical Contribution/Originality/Value: This study assesses whether job satisfaction mediates the effect of organizational justice and organizational climate on turnover intention and mend the gaps on inconsistencies found on the association between organizational justice and turnover intention. Practical/ Policy Implications: Hotels can implement a fair and equitable system within their organisation such as a performance-based rewards system, to ensure job security and stability can be offered to employees. Research limitations: This study was conducted within the context of Sarawak only and among hotel employees, and this study is conducted solely quantitatively.
基于二分搜索算法构建的非参数CD-CAT选题策略及终止规则
Authors: 李 俊杰 , 郑 慧婧
Published: April 2024

CD-CAT 能对学生进行诊断和评估，对提升教学效果具有重大意义。但在课堂教学情景中，无法像大规模测评可以使用大量样本对项目参数进行准确估计，此时非参数 CD-CAT 成为唯一可行的选择。相比于参数 CD-CAT，非参数 CD-CAT 起步较晚，且非参数CD-CAT的研究主要集中在选题策略方面，但已有的非参数选题策略存在效率不高的缺点，且非参数终止规则则是鲜有研究。因此本研究提出了两种更高效的选题策略:非参数动态二分选题策略（NDBS）和一般非参数动态二分选题策略（GNDBS），以及一种非参数二分终止规则(NDBI)。模拟研究结果表明：（1）所有条件下，NDBS的模式判准率均高于NPS，因此，在完全没有样本时，可选用NDBS作为选题策略。（2）在大多数情况下，GNDBS的性能优于其他选题策略，因此，在具有少量样本时，可选用GNDBS作为选题策略。（3）在变长测验中，当研究目的是获得更准确的分类结果时，可以降低NDBI规则的临界值；相反，可以适当提高NDBI和GNDBI规则的临界值。
Professional Accreditation- Challenging but worth it
Authors: Groves Mike
Published: April 2024

This article describes the process of achieving Fellowship with BALEAP, and my personal repsonses to the process.
Study of a Newly Identified Sanskrit Manuscript of the Saptajinastotra
Authors: Hu Enbo
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on a newly identified Sanskrit manuscript of the Saptajinastotra (Praise of the Seven Buddhas) that was found at the Drepung Monastery in Tibet. By providing a critical edition and translation, as well as a comparison of the parallel Tibetan and Chinese texts, it presents the Sanskrit version of T 1682 Qi fo zan bai jia ta 七佛讚唄伽他 for the first time and corrects several mistakes, misspellings and misreadings of the manuscript, Tibetan and Chinese works.
The Concept of “Buddha-Nature” in Women’s Salvation and Its Relationship to Japanese Buddhist Teachings on Menstruation
Authors: Sobczyk Małgorzata
Published: April 2024

This paper explores one aspect in the evolution of “buddha-nature” (busshō) in Japan within the context of Buddhist teachings regarding women’s salvation. “Buddha-nature”, symbolised by the lotus throne where buddhas and bodhisattvas reside, was fused with the notion of menstrual impurity due to syncretism with Shintō beliefs. The introduction of the Bloody Pond Sutra (Ketsubon-kyō) solidified discussions on menstruation’s origin, attributing menstrual impurity to women’s “mind” poisons. Practical manifestations of this complex idea included wearing chest talismans. This research sheds light on the evolving “Buddha-nature” concept in Japan and its implications for women’s spirituality.
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk in Lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Shashank Ajjigudde Shreenivasa , Velayudhannair Krishnakumar
Published: April 2024

The contamination of water and sediment by heavy metals poses significant challenges to freshwater ecosystems, agriculture, and aquaculture. This study focused on assessing heavy metal pollution in Ulsoor and Agara Lakes, prominent freshwater reservoirs in Bengaluru utilized for aquaculture. The presence of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb levels were analyzed in water and sediment samples of both lakes over a period of one year (from August 2021 to July 2022), using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Pollution indices (CF, Igeo, PLI, ERI) were computed for sediment, revealing higher metal concentrations compared to water. Correlation analysis identified strong associations between Zn and Cu, Pb and Zn in water, and Cu and Cd in sediment, suggesting common pollution sources. While sediment showed relative safety based on PLI, Igeo, and ERI, CF indicated an unpolluted to moderately polluted status. In conclusion, this study revealed that most metals in the water exceeded permissible limits, highlighting the need for effective remediation measures.
Agroecology – air, precipitations and soils of the еxperimental fields of Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil, Bulgaria
Authors:   Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture, Kyustendil, Sotirov Anton
Published: April 2024

The air conditions during last year were environmentally friendly for agriculture; there was no air contamination caused by people. Precipitations were rare but very intensive, sometimes over the limit. This is the reason for the not very rich harvest of various fruits, especially the cherries, apples, and plums typical for the livelihood of the region. The reason is associated with excessive rainfall, infections, and contagious diseases in fruit trees, as well as the salinization of soils resulting from excessive rainfall. The soil in the region is defined as suitable for fruit crops, but excessive rainfall turns them into problematic soils, and it is necessary to take various soil protection measures and measures to increase soil fertility.
Statistical grouping in studying farmers’ attitudes for adopting practices of precise agriculture
Authors:   Agricultural academy – Sofia, Institute of agricultural economics – Sofia, Sarov Angel , Ivanov Bozhidar ,   Agricultural academy – Sofia, Institute of agricultural economics – Sofia, Mihailova Mihaela ,   Agricultural academy – Sofia, Institute of agricultural economics – Sofia, Bozhinov Bozhin ,   Agricultural University – Plovdiv, Vasileva Silvia ,   Agricultural University – Plovdiv
Published: April 2024

The application of precision farming techniques leads to significant improvements both in economical and environmental point of view, facilitates the optimization of resource use and reduces farmers’ risks in terms of natural and disease hazards but enhances the risk from technological faults. The whole article is to explore the attitudes of farmers regarding the possibilities and prospects for the implementation of precision agriculture technologies, identifying and establishing the most possible and unifying views and perceptions obtained from a field study. In this article, a statistical grouping is used to process surveys conducted in farms in Bulgaria. Given the growing role of technology and its importance in expanding, improving and stabilizing farms, the role of precision agriculture is becoming stronger in the agriculture industry.
Analysis of the socio-economic parameters of farms applying soil restoration strategies in Bulgaria and Austria
Authors:   New Bulgarian University – Sofia, Bulgaria, Nikolov Dimitre , Boevsky Ivan ,   New Bulgarian University – Sofia, Bulgaria, Banov Martin ,   Agricultural Academy – Sofia, Bulgaria, Tzvetanova Ekatherina ,   New Bulgarian University – Sofia, Bulgaria, Kostenarov Krasimir ,   New Bulgarian University – Sofia, Bulgaria, Carl Liebhard Gunther ,   BOKU – Vienna, Austria, Strauss Peter ,   BOKU – Vienna, Austria
Published: April 2024

This article presents the assessment of the degree of influence of socio-economic parameters of farms applying soil restoration strategies over the supply chain cooperation, public-private partnerships, and landscape alliances in Austria and Bulgaria. The aim of the assessment is to highlight new socio-economic opportunities, which can be a target for the public policies. The study is based on the pilot farms analysis of the TUdi1 project survey results. The analysis of the socio-economic parameters is made with an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The results are analyzed on both county and soil restoration strategy base. The analysis shows that Fertilization strategies have impact on supply chain cooperation. The goal aims to involve all suppliers and the most important socio-economic opportunities are certainty of demand, access to finance, and uncertainty of income. In terms of fertilization and remediation strategies, the analysis shows that the most important socio-economic opportunities are related to certainty of demand and access to finance. On the other hand, the implementation of Remediation strategy requires higher consensus in the local society and more activities, which explains the stronger interaction of this criteria with the goals public-private partnership and landscape alliances. In this case, the most important socio-economic opportunities are certainty of demand, access to finance, political support, and training and equipment.
Opportunities to improve the typology and regional development of rural settlements in Bulgaria
Authors:   University of national and world economy – Sofia, Bulgaria, Petrov Kamen , Borisov Petar ,   Agricultural university – Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: April 2024

Within the European space, there is more and more talk about the differences between the center and the periphery, regional development at different speeds, depressed states of the settlements and other problems with a focus on the condition and functioning of the settlements. Our focus is on rural areas and their particularities of settlement and functioning of the settlements in them. In this direction. We set ourselves the goal of deriving the regularities caused by the historically developed network that rural settlements form in the EU and to propose an up-to-date methodology for the typology of villages. This is possible only by systematizing the facts and establishing the main types of approaches and criteria for typology.
Effectiveness of building envelope parameters and adopting PV panels to reduce reliance on local generators in hot-dry climate
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Jabar , Zangana Dnya Dlshad , Dehghanifarsani Laleh
Published: April 2024

The growing energy demand, associated with the inability of the current infrastructure to satisfy this demand, has presented numerous challenges in Iraq's electricity sector. As a result, there has been an increased dependence on local diesel generators to mitigate power outages in homes. However, these generators raise environmental concerns and are associated with high operating CO₂  emissions. Here, using the DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus simulation software, the effectiveness of different building envelope modifications and photovoltaic panels as alternative energy sources was examined. Specifically, the impact of wall and roof insulation, window glazing, and shading devices on energy efficiency was analyzed. The results indicated that roof insulation is the most effective in reducing energy consumption by 28.8%, followed by wall insulation by 13.01%, while the effect of windows glazing and shading devices was insignificant. Furthermore, the installation of solar panels led to a significant reduction in energy demand by 53.6%, thereby decreasing operating carbon dioxide emissions and providing a practical alternative to the use of local generators. Our study offers valuable insights into the design of energy-efficient residential buildings in hot and dry climates. It highlights the importance of selecting appropriate building materials and integrating renewable energy sources, presenting a more environmentally effective solution to mitigate energy shortages.