bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Noise From MR Thermometry Measurements During HIFU Characterization Procedures
Authors: Dasgupta Subhashish , Das Prasenjeet , Wansapura Janaka , Hariharan Prasanna , Pratt Ron , Witte David , Myers Matthew R. , Banerjee Rupak K.
Published: May 2011

Magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry is a valuable method for characterizing thermal fields generated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducers in tissue phantoms and excised tissues. However, infiltration of noise signals generated by external rf sources into the scanner orifice limits the ability of the scanner to measure temperature rise during the heating or ablation phase. In this study, magnetic resonance interferometry (MRI) monitored HIFU ablations are performed on freshly excised porcine liver samples, at varying sonication times, 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s at a constant acoustic intensity level of 1244 W/cm2. Temperature throughout the procedure was measured using proton resonant frequency MR thermometry. Without filtering, reliable temperature measurements during the heating phase could not be obtained since temperature maps appeared blurred and analysis was impossible. Also, measurements acquired during the cooling phase decayed manifested an unrealistically slow rate of temperature decay. This abnormally slow rate was confirmed with computational results. A low-pass RC filter circuit was subsequently incorporated into the experimental setup to prevent infiltration of noise signals in the MRI orifice. This modified RC filter circuit allowed noninvasive measurement of the HIFU induced temperature rise during the heating phase followed by temperature decay during cooling. The measured data were within 13% agreement with the temperature rise computed by solving the acoustic and heat equations.
Three-Dimensional Culture of Cells and Matrix Biomolecules for Engineered Tissue Development and Biokinetics Model Validation
Authors: Mason Shelley S. , Kohles Sean S. , Zelick Randy D. , Winn Shelley R. , Saha Asit K.
Published: May 2011

There has been considerable progress in cellular and molecular engineering due to recent advances in multiscale technology. Such technologies allow controlled manipulation of physiochemical interactions among cells in tissue culture. In particular, a novel chemomechanical bioreactor has recently been designed for the study of bone and cartilage tissue development, with particular focus on extracellular matrix formation. The bioreactor is equally significant as a tool for validation of mathematical models that explore biokinetic regulatory thresholds (Saha, A. K., and Kohles, S. S., 2010, “A Distinct Catabolic to Anabolic Threshold Due to Single-Cell Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Cartilage Biokinetics Model,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(3), p. 031005; 2010, “Periodic Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Biokinetics Model Identifying Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways Associated With Cartilage Matrix Homeostasis,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(4), p. 041001). In the current study, three-dimensional culture protocols are described for maintaining the cellular and biomolecular constituents within defined parameters. Preliminary validation of the bioreactor’s form and function, expected bioassays of the resulting matrix components, and application to biokinetic models are described. This approach provides a framework for future detailed explorations combining multiscale experimental and mathematical analyses, at nanoscale sensitivity, to describe cell and biomolecule dynamics in different environmental regimes.
Ubiquitous Health Monitoring System for Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea With Zigbee Network and Wireless LAN
Authors: Oh Sechang , Kwon Hyeokjun , Varadan Vijay K.
Published: May 2011

The Greek word “apnea” literally means “without breath.” The three types of apnea are obstructive, central, and mixed. Obstructive is the most common type. Despite the difference in the root cause of the three types of apnea, people with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, sometimes hundreds of times during the night and often for 1 min or longer. Sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases, memory problems, weight gain, impotency, and headaches. Sleep apnea may be responsible for job impairment and motor vehicle accidents. Apart from the physical health risks, sleep apnea can lead to social problems when left undiagnosed or untreated such as a high amount of unnecessary health care cost. Sleep disorder is diagnosed with polysomnography, an overnight sleep study, by monitoring electrical activity of brain, heart, eye movement, muscle activity, breathing pattern, and other physiological signals. Because polysomnography requires overnight monitoring by a sleep technologist with full sleep staging, polysomnography is expensive, inconvenient, time consuming, and labor intensive. Although some systems provide home based diagnosis, most systems record the sleep data in a memory card. The patient must send the memory card to a medical center through the mail or internet. The real-time monitoring is not performed and a patient can experience life threatening episodes by not receiving proper feedback from a medical center or a physician. We propose a wireless health monitoring system to diagnose sleep apnea, which enables the global monitoring of biomedical signals. A patient does not need hospitalization and can be diagnosed and receive feedback at home. The system supports monitoring five different biomedical signals to diagnose sleep apnea: electrocardiogram with dry electrodes (no gel), body position, nasal airflow, abdomen/chest efforts and oxygen saturation. The system consists of three units: a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, and a monitoring unit. A wireless transmitter unit sends the measured signals from sensors to a receiver unit with Zigbee communication. The receiver unit, which has two wireless modules, Zigbee and Wi-Fi, receives signals from the transmitter unit and retransmits signals to the remote monitoring system with Zigbee and Wi-Fi communication, respectively. By using both the Zigbee network and wireless LAN, the system can achieve low power consumption in a local monitoring area with the feature of the Zigbee standard. The system also provides wide data coverage and easily extends its sensor network to the Internet with the Wi-Fi standard. The features of the system and the results of the continuous monitoring of vital signals are presented.
A Novel Multiwell Device to Study Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Responses Under Cyclic Strain
Authors: Tata Uday , Xu Hao , Rao Smitha M. N. , Chuong Cheng-Jen , Nguyen Kytai T. , Chiao J.-C.
Published: May 2011

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are constantly exposed to cyclic stretch in the body, which makes it beneficial to study the effects of cyclic stretch on VSMCs. In this study, we developed a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) compact six-well device that can be used to study the combined effect of cyclic strain and various growth factors on cultured VSMCs. Cell adhesion, alignment, and proliferation under 10% or 20% cyclic strain at 1 Hz were studied using this surface-enhanced PDMS device. The combined effects of cyclic strain with either transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or epidermal growth factor on VSMC proliferation was also examined. Results showed that VSMCs adhered well on the surface-enhanced multiwell device and they aligned perpendicularly to the direction of the cyclic strain. Cell proliferation was inhibited by 10% cyclic strain at 1 Hz compared with static control. The mitogenic effects of the growth factor were less potent under either 10% or 20% cyclic strain. With simple modification to accommodate more wells, this device could potentially be a useful tool for more economical, high throughput screening application.
Separation of Particles for Drug Delivery Using a Microfluidic Device With Actuation
Authors: Su Guoguang , Pidaparti Ramana M.
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate particle separation through a novel mechanism termed as “time series alternate flow” using a microdevice as it is a real challenge to separate particles with a narrow size range (i.e., 1–10 μm or smaller), especially achieving particles separation through the hydrodynamic method without the help from additional flow or force fields. High fidelity computational fluid dynamics with particle trajectory approach was employed for simulations. Particle separation of different sizes in the range 2–10 μm size was achieved by operating the microdevice at various actuating frequencies. The results obtained indicated that the proposed mechanism is feasible for particle separation of multiple sizes. Our novel mechanism proposed potentially represents a viable microtechnological approach for particle separation in many drug delivery applications.
Modal Analysis of a Rotating Thin Plate via Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Tian Qiang , Hu Haiyan
Published: May 2011

Modal analysis of a rotating thin plate is made in this paper through the use of the thin plate elements described by the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). The analytical expressions of elastic forces and their Jacobian matrices of the thin plate elements are derived and expressed in a computationally efficient way. The static analysis of a cantilever thin plate and the modal analysis of a square thin plate with completely free boundaries are made to validate the derived formulations. The modal analysis of a rotating cantilever thin plate based on the ANCF is studied. The effect of rotating angular velocity on the natural frequencies is investigated. The eigenvalue loci veering and crossing phenomena along with the corresponding modeshape variations are observed and carefully discussed. Finally, the effects of dimensional parameters on the dimensionless natural frequencies of the thin plate are studied.
Growth mechanism of InGaN by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Turski H. , Siekacz M. , Sawicka M. , Cywinski G. , Krysko M. , Grzanka S. , Smalc-Koziorowska J. , Grzegory I. , Porowski S. , Wasilewski Z. R. , Skierbiszewski C.
Published: May 2011

In this article, the authors discuss the mechanism of InGaN growth by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. They present the evidence of the influence of substrate miscut on indium incorporation for the growths with different gallium fluxes. They propose and discuss the phenomenological model which describes the incorporation of indium into InGaN layers grown under the indium-rich conditions that takes into account following parameters: gallium and nitrogen fluxes, miscut angle, and the growth temperature.
High-Power Fiber Lasers
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Payne David N.
Published: May 2011

The brightness, robustness, and flexibility of high-power fiber laser sources provide an enabling technology for science and industry.
Diet Drives Convergence in Gut Microbiome Functions Across Mammalian Phylogeny and Within Humans
Authors: Muegge Brian D. , Kuczynski Justin , Knights Dan , Clemente Jose C. , González Antonio , Fontana Luigi , Henrissat Bernard , Knight Rob , Gordon Jeffrey I.
Published: May 2011

The normal range of physiological and metabolic phenotypes has been shaped by coevolution with microbial symbionts.
Inquiry-Based Writing in the Laboratory Course
Authors: Moskovitz Cary , Kellogg David
Published: May 2011

Writing lab reports in science classes can be more productive and engaging if the experience is structured well.
Dimensionality Control of Electronic Phase Transitions in Nickel-Oxide Superlattices
Authors: Boris A. V. , Matiks Y. , Benckiser E. , Frano A. , Popovich P. , Hinkov V. , Wochner P. , Castro-Colin M. , Detemple E. , Malik V. K. , Bernhard C. , Prokscha T. , Suter A. , Salman Z. , Morenzoni E. , Cristiani G. , Habermeier H.-U. , Keimer B.
Published: May 2011

The structure of metal-oxide superlattices is used to control the electronic order of the system.
Structures of the Bacterial Ribosome in Classical and Hybrid States of tRNA Binding
Authors: Dunkle Jack A. , Wang Leyi , Feldman Michael B. , Pulk Arto , Chen Vincent B. , Kapral Gary J. , Noeske Jonas , Richardson Jane S. , Blanchard Scott C. , Cate Jamie H. Doudna
Published: May 2011

Two crystal structures indicate how conformational changes in the ribosome assist protein synthesis.
The 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake: Mosaicking the Megathrust from Seconds to Centuries
Authors: Simons Mark , Minson Sarah E. , Sladen Anthony , Ortega Francisco , Jiang Junle , Owen Susan E. , Meng Lingsen , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Wei Shengji , Chu Risheng , Helmberger Donald V. , Kanamori Hiroo , Hetland Eric , Moore Angelyn W. , Webb Frank H.
Published: May 2011

Detailed geophysical measurements reveal features of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake.
Subtropical Rainfall and the Antarctic Ozone Hole
Authors: Feldstein Steven B.
Published: May 2011

Simulations show that ozone depletion has had a large impact on Southern Hemisphere climate.
Displacement Above the Hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
Authors: Sato Mariko , Ishikawa Tadashi , Ujihara Naoto , Yoshida Shigeru , Fujita Masayuki , Mochizuki Masashi , Asada Akira
Published: May 2011

The Quake That Rocked Japan

The 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake just off the Eastern coast of Japan was one of the largest earthquakes in recorded history. Japan's considerable investment in seismic and geodetic networks allowed for the collection of rapid and reliable data on the mechanics of the earthquake and the devastating tsunami that followed (see the Perspective by

Heki

).

Sato
et al.

(p.
1395
, published online 19 May) describe the huge displacements from ocean bottom transponders—previously placed directly above the earthquake's hypocenter—communicating with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers aboard a ship.

Simons
et al.

(p.
1421
, published online 19 May) used land-based GPS receivers and tsunami gauge measurements to model the kinematics and extent of the earthquake, comparing it to past earthquakes in Japan and elsewhere. Finally,

Ide
et al.

(p.
1426
, published online 19 May) used finite-source imaging to model the evolution of the earthquake's rupture that revealed a strong depth dependence in both slip and seismic energy. These initial results provide fundamental insights into the behavior of rare, very large earthquakes that may aid in preparation and early warning efforts for future tsunamis following subduction zone earthquakes.
Chinese Academy Takes Space Under Its Wing
Authors: Xin Hao
Published: May 2011

On 3 May, the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that five space science missions were slated for launch in CAS's decadal plan, which began this year, marking a turning point for Chinese space science.
The Alchemical Revolution
Authors: Reardon Sara
Published: May 2011

As cryptic manuscripts and centuries-old labware yield their secrets, scholars are coming to realize that medieval "chymists" were real scientists after all.
Prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in West-Asian and African male athletes
Authors: Wilson M G , Chatard J C , Carre F , Hamilton B , Whyte G P , Sharma S , Chalabi H
Published: May 2011

Objectives

To evaluate the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of West-Asian, black and Caucasian male athletes competing in Qatar using the 2010 recommendations for 12-lead ECG interpretation by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Design

Cardiovascular screening with resting 12-lead ECG analysis of 1220 national level athletes (800 West-Asian, 300 black and 120 Caucasian) and 135 West-Asian controls was performed.

Results

Ten per cent of athletes presented with ‘uncommon’ ECG findings. Black African descent was an independent predictor of ‘uncommon’ ECG changes when compared with West-Asian and Caucasian athletes (p<0.001). Black athletes also demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of lateral T-wave inversions than both West-Asian and Caucasian athletes (6.1% vs 1.6% and 0%, p<0.05). The rate of ‘uncommon’ ECG changes between West-Asian and Caucasian athletes was comparable (7.9% vs 5.8%, p>0.05). Seven athletes (0.6%) were identified with a disease associated with sudden death; this prevalence was two times higher in black athletes than in West-Asian athletes (1% vs 0.5%), and no cases were reported in Caucasian athletes and West-Asian controls. Eighteen West-Asian and black athletes were identified with repolarisation abnormalities suggestive of a cardiomyopathy, but ultimately, none were diagnosed with a cardiac disease.

Conclusion

West-Asian and Caucasian athletes demonstrate comparable rates of ECG findings. Black African ethnicity is positively associated with increased frequencies of ‘uncommon’ ECG traits. Future work should examine the genetic mechanisms behind ECG and myocardial adaptations in athletes of diverse ethnicity, aiding in the clinical differentiation between physiological remodelling and potential cardiomyopathy or ion channel disorders.
Five-year changes in school recess and lunchtime and the contribution to children's daily physical activity
Authors: Ridgers Nicola D , Timperio Anna , Crawford David , Salmon Jo
Published: May 2011

Objective

To investigate the longitudinal changes in children's recess and lunchtime physical activity levels and in the contribution of recess and lunchtime to daily physical activity levels over 5 years among 5–6- and 10–12-year olds.

Methods

Data were drawn from two longitudinal studies that were conducted in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Boys and girls (n=2782) aged 5–6 years and 10–12 years participated in baseline (T0) measures. Physical activity (n=2490) was measured every 60 s for eight consecutive days using hip-mounted accelerometry. Subsequent measurements were taken at 3-year (T1; n=773) and 5-year (T2; n=634) follow-up. Physical activity intensities were derived using age-adjusted cut-points. Sedentary time was defined as 100 counts/min. Longitudinal data were analysed using three-level (time, child, school) multilevel analyses, stratified by sex and cohort, and adjusted for potential confounding variables.

Results

Significant decreases in recess and lunchtime moderate and vigorous physical activity were observed (p<0.001), with larger decreases occurring in the older cohort. Associated increases were observed in sedentary time over time (p<0.01). Although the contribution of recess to daily moderate intensity physical activity increased in the younger cohort over time (p<0.001), significant decreases were observed in the older cohort (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Physical activity levels during recess and lunchtime decreased in both cohorts over time. Decreases in the contribution of recess and lunchtime to older children's daily physical activity were also observed. Interventions are needed in both primary and secondary schools to promote physical activity levels during recess and lunchtime, particularly during the early years of secondary school.
Questions to ask when choosing a drug wholesaler
Authors: McNeill Ewan
Published: May 2011

Drug wholesalers are a ubiquitous necessity for every veterinary practice. Superficially, it can appear that there is little to separate different companies when comparing what is on offer. And in some areas of the UK, there may be only one option. However, assuming it is possible to select between several companies, how does a practice choose which wholesaler best matches its needs? Whether starting a practice from the ground up, or considering a change from an existing provider, Ewan McNeill suggests 10 questions that you should ask before making a decision.
Medical management of large colon obstruction in the horse
Authors: McGovern Kate , Bladon Bruce
Published: May 2011

Obstructions of the large colon are relatively common causes of colic in the horse. Diagnosis involves establishing what type of obstruction is present in order to decide whether medical therapy is appropriate or if exploratory laparotomy is indicated. Strangulating obstructions cannot be managed medically and require surgical intervention. This article discusses the medical management of non‐strangulating obstructions in horses, and highlights situations where surgery might need to be considered.
Cattle health schemes
Authors: Statham Jonathan
Published: May 2011

Cattle health schemes are not a new concept, and various schemes are currently available in the UK. They represent an opportunity for health, welfare and economic improvement in the industry by facilitating the process of farm health planning. The schemes tend to be directed at controlling either single‐agent infectious diseases, such as bovine viral diarrhoea, or endemic management diseases, such as mastitis. This series of two articles discusses the rationale behind cattle health schemes, with Part 1 describing some of the cattle health schemes aimed at managing single‐agent infectious disease, with particular emphasis on schemes offered by laboratories and milk recording organisations. Part 2, to be published in the June issue of In Practice, will review the evolution of schemes designed to deal with multifactorial or management disease.
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the United States: regional differences 40 years after implementation of the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act
Authors: Suarthana Eva , Laney A Scott , Storey Eileen , Hale Janet M , Attfield Michael D
Published: May 2011

Objective

To assess whether the recent increases in the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the USA reflect increased measured exposures over recent decades, and to identify other potential causative factors.

Methods

The observed CWP prevalence was calculated for 12 408 underground coal miner participants in the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program for the period 2005–2009, stratified by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) geographical districts. The predicted prevalence was estimated using a published exposure–response model from a large epidemiological study among US coal miners using dust exposure, tenure, miner's age and coal rank as predictors. χ2Testing was performed to compare the observed versus predicted CWP prevalence.

Results

Observed prevalence was significantly higher than predicted prevalence in MSHA districts 4–7 (central Appalachian region) (10.1% vs 4.2%; prevalence ratio (PR) 2.4; p<0.001) and significantly lower than predicted in other regions (1.6% vs 3.6%; PR 0.4; p<0.001). The central Appalachian region had a significantly older workforce with greater mining tenure, a lower proportion of mines with 200 or more employees, and lower seam heights. Significant lower average compliance dust concentrations were reported for this region.

Conclusion

The observed CWP prevalence substantially exceeded predicted levels in central Appalachia. However, the increased prevalence was not explained by the measured levels of dust exposures. Likely contributing factors include mine size and low seam mining, which may be associated with higher exposure to silica. Further study is needed to characterise the responsible factors for the elevated CWP rates in central Appalachia.
Counselling low-back-pain patients in secondary healthcare: a randomised trial addressing experienced workplace barriers and physical activity
Authors: Jensen Lone Donbæk , Maribo Thomas , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit , Madsen Finn Hjorth , Gonge Bigitte , Christensen Michael , Frost Poul
Published: May 2011

Objective

To assess if counselling by an occupational physician (OP) addressing experienced workplace barriers and physical activity integrated as a part of low-back pain (LBP) outpatient treatment influences pain, function and sick leave.

Methods

Randomised controlled trial in the secondary healthcare sector with 3 months' follow-up. The participants were LBP patients who, independently of sick-leave status, expressed concerns about the ability to maintain their current job. Patients referred for surgery were excluded. The intervention consisted of two counselling sessions conducted by an OP addressing both workplace barriers and leisure-time physical activity. A workplace visit was performed if required. Pain, function and duration of sick leave due to LBP were primary outcomes.

Results

A reduction in bodily pain and improvement in physical function both measured by the 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire in favour of the intervention group was found. The change in pain score was found to be clinically relevant. The risk of sick leave for at least 8 weeks due to LBP was significantly reduced in the intervention group. Two secondary outcomes, Fear Avoidance Beliefs about physical activity and maximum oxygen uptake, supported compliance and adherence to the part of the intervention focusing on enhanced physical activity.

Conclusion

Two short counselling sessions by an OP combining advice on meeting workplace barriers and enhancing physical activity had a substantial effect on important prognostic factors for LBP patients with moderate to severe symptoms diagnosed in outpatient rheumatological clinics.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13071157
High-density lipoprotein metabolism in human apolipoprotein B100transgenic/brown adipose tissue deficient mice: a model of obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Ehlers Sarah J. , Larson Stephanie M. , Rasmussen Heather E. , Park Young-Ki , Lee Ji-Young
Published: May 2011

Obese and diabetic humans display decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and an increased risk for coronary heart disease. However, investigation on HDL metabolism in obesity with a particular emphasis on hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), the primary factor for HDL formation, has not been well studied. Human apolipoprotein B100transgenic (hApoBtg) and brown adipose tissue deficient (BATless) mice were crossed to generate hApoBtg/BATless mice. Male and female hApoBtgand hApoBtg/BATless mice were maintained on either a regular rodent chow diet or a diet high in fat and cholesterol until 24 weeks of age. The hApoBtg/BATless mice that were fed a HF/HC diet became obese, developed hepatic steatosis, and had significantly elevated plasma insulin levels compared with their hApoBtgcounterparts, but plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and lipoprotein distribution between genotypes were not significantly different. Hepatic expression of genes encoding HDL-modifying factors (e.g., scavenger receptor, class B, type I, hepatic lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and phospholipid transfer protein) was either altered significantly or showed a trend of difference between 2 genotypes of mice. Importantly, hepatic protein levels of ABCA1 were significantly lowered by ∼35% in male obese hApoBtg/BATless mice with no difference in mRNA levels compared with hApoBtgcounterparts. Despite reduced hepatic ABCA1 protein levels, plasma HDL-C concentrations were not altered in male obese hApoBtg/BATless mice. The result suggests that hepatic ABCA1 may not be a primary contributing factor for perturbations in HDL metabolism in obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia.
Test–retest reliability of a portable monitor to assess energy expenditure
Authors: Brazeau Anne-Sophie , Karelis Antony D. , Mignault Diane , Lacroix Marie-Josée , Prud’homme Denis , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi
Published: May 2011

The ability of the SenseWear Armband (SWA) to estimate energy expenditure (EE) in adults is established. However, except for resting metabolic rate, the test–retest reliability of the SWA for the estimation of EE in adults is unknown. To explore reliability, 34 healthy adults (50% women; age, 26.7 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 23.6 ± 3.3 kg·m–2) completed a 2-day study protocol. During 13 h of direct supervision, subjects completed, each day, 60 min of lying awake rest, 30 min of structured sedentary activity, 45 min of walking circuit, and 45 min of ergocycling at 50% of their peak oxygen uptake. For the remaining 10 h, subjects remained seated. The SWA showed significant intraclass correlations between the 2 days of testing for the overall 13 h of direct supervision (r = 0.97; p < 0.001), the lying awake rest (r = 0.98; p < 0.001), the structured sedentary activity (r = 0.62; p < 0.05), the walking circuit (r = 0.95; p < 0.001), and the standardized physical activity (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the SWA is a reliable tool to estimate EE during multiple activities. These data provide additional evidence of the usefulness of the SWA in monitoring EE in healthy adults.
Comparison of 2 vitamin D supplementation modalities in newborns: adherence and preference
Authors: Rodd Celia , Jean-Philippe Sonia , Vanstone Catherine , Weiler Hope
Published: May 2011

Lack of adherence with vitamin D supplementation is still a risk factor for rickets. In a randomized cross-over design, infants received 400 IU cholecalciferol by dropper (1 mL syrup) or filmstrip. Infant and parent preference scores and adherence were then compared. Forty-three parents of healthy infants preferred the filmstrip (85.4% of parents; 95% confidence interval of 70.1%–93.9%; p < 0.001), a result that was corroborated by higher infant and parental scores and compliance. Ease of administration of supplements with improved acceptance may improve adherence.
The influence of training and maturity status on girls’ responses to short-term, high-intensity upper- and lower-body exercise
Authors: McNarry Melitta A. , Welsman Joanne R. , Jones Andrew M.
Published: May 2011

A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples’ responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the “anaerobic” exercise performance of young girls.
Rodent cardiovascular responses to baroreceptor unloading: Effect of plane of anaesthesia
Authors: Usselman Charlotte W. , Mattar Louis , Twynstra Jasna , Welch Ian , Shoemaker J. Kevin
Published: May 2011

The objective of this study was to determine whether a plane of urethane–α-chloralose anaesthesia that suppresses motor reflexes would affect baroreflex cardiovascular control relative to a plane of anaesthesia that leaves motor reflexes intact. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetized to either a light (motor reflexes intact) or deep (motor reflexes suppressed) plane of anaesthesia. Animals were exposed to graded (–2 to –10 mm Hg) lower body negative pressure while heart rate, vascular resistance, and mean arterial pressure were assessed. No between-group differences were observed in baseline hemodynamics. Graded lower body negative pressure progressively increased heart rate (p < 0.01) and vascular resistance (p < 0.001) and reduced mean arterial pressure (p < 0.001) similarly in light and deep planes of anaesthesia. Therefore, the deep plane of anaesthesia was not associated with a degradation of the autonomic response to baroreceptor unloading beyond that observed at the light plane. These data support the use of urethane–α-chloralose anaesthesia in studies examining reflex cardiovascular control concomitant with some degree of noxious stimulation.
The acute effects of a low and high dose of oral l-arginine supplementation in young active males at rest
Authors: Forbes Scott C. , Bell Gordon J.
Published: May 2011

l-arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid) is a conditionally essential amino acid. Intravenous (IV) administration of l-arginine invokes a large metabolic (nitrate/nitrite (NOx)) and hormonal (growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin) response; however, research examining oral l-arginine supplementation is conflicting, potentially owing to dose. The purpose of this study was examine a low and high dose of oral l-arginine on blood l-arginine, NOx, GH, IGF-1, and insulin response. Fourteen physically active males (age: 25 ± 5 years; weight: 78.0 ± 8.5 kg; height: 179.4 ± 4.7 cm) volunteered to be in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures study. Following an overnight fast, an IV catheter was placed in a forearm vein and a resting blood sample was drawn at ∼0800 hours. Each subject was then provided 1 of 3 treatment conditions (placebo, low (0.075 g·kg–1 of body mass), or high (0.15 g·kg–1 of body mass of l-arginine)). Blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after consumption. l-arginine plasma concentrations significantly increased (p < 0.001) to a similar level at any time point in both the low- and high-dose conditions; there was no change over time in the placebo condition. There was no significant difference between conditions for NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin. Based on these findings, a low dose of l-arginine was just as effective at increasing plasma l-arginine concentrations as a high dose; however, neither dose was able to promote a significant increase in NOx, GH, IGF-1, or insulin at rest.
Dielectronic recombination and satellite line spectra of highly charged tungsten ions1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Safronova U.I. , Safronova A.S. , Beiersdorfer P.
Published: May 2011

We present our recent progress on theoretical studies that involve auto-ionizing states of highly charged tungsten ions. Such auto-ionizing states have two channels for decay, which requires that both radiative and auto-ionization atomic data be calculated and combined in a detailed study of the dielectronic recombination (DR). Three atomic codes are used to produce relativistic atomic data (energy levels, radiative transition probabilities, and auto-ionization rates). These are the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) code, the multiconfiguration relativistic Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore atomic code (HULLAC), and the Hartree–Fock relativistic (Cowan) code. Branching ratios relative to the first threshold and intensity factors are calculated for satellite lines, and DR rate coefficients are determined for the excited states. The total DR rate coefficient is derived as a function of electron temperature, and it is shown that the contribution of the highly excited states is very important for the calculation of the total DR rates. Synthetic dielectronic satellite spectra are constructed, and the atomic properties specific to the relevant tungsten ions are highlighted. First, we will consider the results for Na-like tungsten (W63+) and Mg-like tungsten (W62+) using all three codes. Then, we move to even higher ionization states and present the results in Li-like W (W71+). For this we use the RMBPT code as well as the quasi-relativistic many-body perturbation theory (MZ) code. The inclusion of the DR process is essential for correct identification of the lines in impurity spectra and for understanding the main contributions to the total radiation losses.
Polarization of the Lyman-α1 X-ray line emitted by hydrogen-like Ti21+, Ar17+, and Fe25+ ions excited by electron impact1This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Bostock Christopher J. , Fursa Dmitry V. , Bray I.
Published: May 2011

We present a review of the relativistic convergent close-coupling (RCCC) method and describe how it has been used to resolve the discrepancy between theory and experiment for the polarization of the Lyman-α1 X-ray line emitted by hydrogen-like Ti21+, Ar17+, and Fe25+ ions excited by electron impact. We find that taking account of Breit relativistic corrections is important to resolve the discrepancy between experiment and theoretical calculations.
Polarization and anisotropic emission of K-shell radiation from heavy few electron ions1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Thorn D.B. , Gumberidze A. , Trotsenko S. , Banaś D. , Beyer H. , Bostock C.J. , Bray I. , Chen W. , DuBois R. , Fontes C.J. , Fritzsche S. , Fursa D.V. , Grisenti R. , Geyer S. , Hagmann S. , Hess S. , Hegewald M. , Kozhuharov C. , Märtin R. , Orban I. , Petridis N. , Reuschl R. , Simon A. , Spillmann U. , Surzhykov A. , Trassinelli M. , Weber G. , Winters D.F.A. , Winters N. , Zhang H.L. , Stöhlker Th.
Published: May 2011

The population of magnetic sublevels in hydrogen-like uranium ions has been investigated in relativistic ion–atom collisions by observing the subsequent X-ray emission. Using the gas target at the experimental storage ring facility we observed the angular emission of Lyman-α radiation from hydrogen-like uranium ions. The alignment parameter for three different interaction energies was measured and found to agree well with theory. In addition, the use of different gas targets allowed for the electron-impact excitation process to be observed.
Recent progress in spectroscopy of tungsten1This review is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas.
Authors: Kramida A.
Published: May 2011

This contribution reviews experimental and theoretical work on spectroscopy of tungsten published since the last critical compilation of the energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten (Kramida and Shirai. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 95, 305 (2009)). Since then, 18 new experimental studies were published, which resulted in new identifications and (or) significantly improved wavelengths of spectral lines and energy levels of Li-like through As-like and Pm-like tungsten. A few tens of theoretical studies of tungsten spectra were published since 2008. A number of them report on high-precision calculations of energy levels, transition wavelengths, and radiative rates for tungsten spectra, such as neutral tungsten, Yb-like, Rh-like through Rb-like, Ag-like, Ga-like, Zn-like, Ni-like, Ca-like, Al-like, Mg-like, Na-like, Ne-like, B-like, Be-like, and Li-like. These developments are reviewed. Based on new experimental data, systematic errors are removed from some of the earlier measurements. Some new data are obtained by analyzing publications of other authors. Based on new published theoretical data, some old experimental results were confirmed and assessed. Revised and extended tables of energy levels and spectral lines of highly ionized tungsten are presented.
D-FOAM PHENOMENOLOGY: DARK ENERGY, THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT AND A POSSIBLE D-VOID
Authors: ELLIS JOHN , MAVROMATOS NICK E. , NANOPOULOS DIMITRI V.
Published: May 2011

In a D-brane model of cosmology and space–time foam, there are contributions to the dark energy that depend on the D-brane 10-velocities and on the density of D-particle defects in the ten-dimensional bulk. The latter may also reduce the speeds of energetic photons, establishing a phenomenological connection with astrophysical probes of the universality of the velocity of light. Specifically, the cosmological dark energy density measured at the present epoch may be linked to the apparent retardation of energetic photons propagating from nearby AGN's. However, this nascent field of "D-foam phenomenology" may be complicated by variations in the D-particle density encountered at different cosmological epochs. A reduced density of D-particles encountered at redshifts z ~ 1 — a "D-void" — would increase the dark energy while suppressing the vacuum refractive index, and thereby might reconcile the AGN measurements with the relatively small retardation seen for the energetic photons propagating from GRB 090510, as measured by the Fermi satellite.
A NOTE ON LENS SPACE SURGERIES: ORDERS OF FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS VERSUS SEIFERT GENERA
Authors: SAITO TOSHIO
Published: May 2011

Let K be a non-trivial knot in the 3-sphere with a lens space surgery and L(p, q) a lens space obtained by a Dehn surgery on K. We study a relationship between the order p of the fundamental group of L(p, q) and the Seifert genus g of K. Considering certain infinite families of knots with lens space surgeries, the following estimation is suggested as a conjecture: [Formula: see text] except for (g, p) = (5, 19).
SINGULARITY KNOTS OF MINIMAL SURFACES IN ℝ4
Authors: SORET MARC , VILLE MARINA
Published: May 2011

We study knots in 𝕊3 obtained by the intersection of a minimal surface in ℝ4 with a small 3-sphere centered at a branch point. We construct new examples of minimal knots. In particular we show the existence of non-fibered minimal knots. We show that simple minimal knots are either reversible or fully amphicheiral; this yields an obstruction for a given knot to be a simple minimal knot. Properties and invariants of these knots such as the algebraic crossing number of a braid representative and the Alexander polynomial are studied.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUCLEAR CLUSTER PHYSICS
Authors: SUZUKI Y.
Published: May 2011

Recent developments in nuclear cluster physics are reviewed with particular attention to clustering in light and heavy nuclei, cluster-cluster interaction, and breakup reactions of halo nuclei.
CLUSTERING IN A = 10 NUCLEI
Authors: MILIN MATKO
Published: May 2011

The experimental evidence for existence of cluster and molecular states in 10 Be , 10 B and 10 C is presented in details. For the most studied of the three, 10 Be , a rotational band have recently been firmly identified, with states having rather large moment of inertia. For the isobaric analogue states in 10 B first experimental results have been obtained and presented; some simple predictions for the 10 C nucleus are also given.
CLUSTERS IN THE BETA-DECAY OF LIGHT EXOTIC NUCLEI
Authors: RAABE R.
Published: May 2011

The β-decay is a useful tool to study the peculiar features present in light exotic nuclei, such as halos and cluster structures. The large Q-values and low breakup thresholds in the daughter nuclei allow channels with feeding to continuum states and delayed emission of nucleons and light ions. We report experimental results obtained using a technique where the radioactive nuclei are implanted in a finely segmented detector, and the decay channels are identified through the correlation between the implanted nuclei and subsequent decays. Decays involving cluster and halo states in 12 C , 6 He , 11 Li and 11 Be were measured.
CLUSTERIZATION AND THE HYPERDEFORMED STATE IN THE 36Ar NUCLEUS
Authors: DARAI J. , CSEH J. , ALGORA A.
Published: May 2011

Cluster studies have predicted both the existence of a hyperdeformed state in 36 Ar ,1 and the favorite reaction channels 24 Mg +12 C , 20 Ne +16 O for its population.1,2 Recent experimental data seem to justify these predictions,3 and Nilsson-calculations give the same shape.4 According to structure-considerations it could also be built up in alpha-emitting reactions.
MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THREE-BODY SCATTERING STATES
Authors: DAMMAN A. , DESCOUVEMONT P.
Published: May 2011

We investigate continuum states of the α+n+n and α+p+p systems using a microscopic three-cluster model in the hyperspherical formalism. The A-nucleon wave functions are defined in the generator coordinate method (GCM). The R-matrix method is used to connect the wave functions to their exact asymptotic behaviors and to derive the collision matrix. We present the three-body phase shifts of the 0+ and 1- continuum of the α+n+n and α+p+p systems.
BARE α-α POTENTIAL AND IMPLICATIONS ON α-MATTER PROPERTIES
Authors: CARSTOIU F. , MIŞICU Ş. , RIZEA M. , LASSAUT M.
Published: May 2011

Double folding α – α potentials based on the density dependent n – n Gogny interactions are constrained to reproduce the l = 0 resonance in 8 Be . Shallow potentials are obtained by successive supersymmetric transformations which eliminate the l = 0 Pauli forbidden states. Implication for the EOS of cold α-matter are discussed.
PRODUCTION OF α-PARTICLE CONDENSATE STATES IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS
Authors:   for the ISOSPIN Collaboration, RADUTA Ad. R. , BORDERIE B. , LE NEINDRE N. , NAPOLITANI P. , RIVET M. F. , GERACI E.
Published: May 2011

The fragmentation of quasi-projectiles from the nuclear reaction 40Ca+12C at 25 MeV/nucleon was used to produce excited states candidates to α-particle condensation. The experiment was performed at LNS-Catania using the CHIMERA multidetector. Accepting the emission simultaneity and equality among the α-particle kinetic energies as experimental criteria for deciding in favor of the condensate nature of an excited state, we analyze the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states of 12 C and the [Formula: see text] state of 16 O . A sub-class of events corresponding to the direct 3-α decay of the Hoyle state is isolated.
CLUSTER EFFECTS IN NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGIES
Authors: SUKHORUCHKIN SERGEY , SUKHORUCHKIN DMITRY
Published: May 2011

Stable character of differences of nuclear binding energies of nuclei differing by 6 He or 4 He clusters is used to check the tuning effect in particle masses which consists in integer relation between electromagnetic mass differences of leptons and pion as well as rational relations between other particle masses.
RADII OF CLUSTER STATES IN 11B AND 13C
Authors: DEMYANOVA A. S. , OGLOBLIN A. A. , DANILOV A. N. , BELYAEVA T. L. , GONCHAROV S. A.
Published: May 2011

Differential cross sections of the inelastic deuterons, 3 He and α-particle scattering on 11 B and 13 C at the incident energies ~ 10 - 100 MeV/u were analyzed in the diffraction angular range. It was shown that the excited states 3/2- (8.56 MeV) of 11 B and 1/2- (8.86, 11.08 and 12.5 MeV) of 13 C which are located close to the 2α + t and 3α + n thresholds correspondingly, have the radii enhanced by a factor ~ 1.2 in comparison with those of the ground states. Their values are approximately equal to the value of the 12 C radius in the excited state 7.65 MeV [Formula: see text] (Hoyle state) and are close to predictions of different versions of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) model.
REACTION MECHANISMS IN COLLISIONS INDUCED BY HALO NUCLEI AROUND THE COULOMB BARRIER
Authors: FIGUERA PIERPAOLO
Published: May 2011

The peculiar structure of the halo nuclei is expected to strongly influence the reaction dynamics at energies around the Coulomb barrier . In this paper we will summarize the main experimental results obtained by different authors on the above topic. Our recent results concerning the study of the collisions 9,10,11 Be +64 Zn and 4,6 He +64 Zn will be discussed more in detail. It is observed that the total reaction cross section with halo nuclei is dominated by direct reactions. A complete agreement on the effects of the halo structure on the fusion cross section is not yet reached by different authors.