bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Non‐Tuberculous Mycobacteria Biofilm to Common Disinfectants in Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Murgia Claudio , Yazdi Zeinab , Soto Esteban
Published: February 2025

Mycobacteriosis is a common and persistent bacterial disease affecting cultured, wild and pet fish. The disease can be caused by various Mycobacterium spp. Currently, depopulation and disinfection are the main recommended measures for containing disease outbreaks, as no vaccines are commercially available, and only a few reports of successful antimicrobial therapies have been made. While disinfectant susceptibility studies have been conducted on planktonic forms of some non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) affecting fish, biofilm‐related research remains limited. In this study, biofilm formation of Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium salmoniphilum, Mycobacterium arcueilense and Mycobacterium marinum isolates recovered from diseased fish were initially evaluated using the minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay system. All Mycobacterium spp. were able to form biofilms within a 2‐week period when incubated at 25°C, but M. chelonae, M. salmoniphilum and M. arcueilense produced a faster and greater biofilm than M. marinum. To investigate the susceptibility of mycobacterial biofilms to common disinfectants, mature biofilms were divided into six treatment groups based on disinfectant type and exposure time: povidone‐iodine (50 mg L−1 free iodine) and bleach (200 mg L−1 free chlorine) were applied for 30 min each; hydrogen peroxide (3% H2O2) and Virkon Aquatic (10 g L−1) were applied for 15 min each; and 70% ethanol was tested at both 15 and 30 min. Results demonstrated variable susceptibility among species. M. marinum was susceptible to all disinfectants, while M. arcueilense was susceptible to bleach, povidone‐iodine and 70% ethanol (30‐min exposure). None of the tested disinfectants at recommended doses effectively eradicated M. chelonae or M. salmoniphilum biofilms. These findings underscore species‐specific differences in biofilm formation and resistance, emphasising the critical need for robust disinfection protocols in aquaculture settings to prevent mycobacteriosis transmission. Further research is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying disinfectant resistance among NTMs, optimise disinfection strategies and ensure the health and biosecurity of aquaculture facilities.
Nutrition Status of People Experiencing Homelessness Residing in Temporary Accommodation in London
Authors: Style Hannah , Vickerstaff Victoria , Brown Adrian
Published: February 2025

Objectives

London has the highest proportion of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) living in temporary accommodation in the United Kingdom. PEH have poorer health outcomes, greater dietary inequalities, and die younger than the general population. Despite this, little is known about the nutrition status of PEH. This study aimed to examine the dietary health inequalities experienced by PEH in London, specifically assessing malnutrition among PEH living in temporary accommodation.

Methods

This was a prospective cross‐sectional study in 18 hostels in London. Participants were recruited from the temporary accommodation in which they resided through a combination of purposive, snowballing and convenience sampling. Demographic information was gathered, including age, gender, ethnicity and hostel of residence. The primary outcome was malnutrition risk assessed by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), other outcomes included body composition, dietary intake and quality, mental health and food insecurity. Ethical approval was obtained from the University College London Ethics Committee (16191/006).

Findings

Two hundred participants were recruited between July and December 2023. The majority were male (84.5%), were of White ethnicity (61%), with a mean (SD) age of 45.7 years (11.6) and a BMI of 23.4 kg/m2 (4.7). The median MUST score was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.0, 3.0), and 60% had a risk of malnutrition. The median mental health score was 6 (3.0, 10.0), with 55% having moderate to severe depression/anxiety. Median food security score was low (4.5 [(0.0, 8.0]), with 44% experiencing very low food security. The median dietary quality score was low (8.0 [6.0, 9.0]) with low intakes of energy, fibre, and micronutrients, including vitamin D, iron, folate, and calcium, with a higher intake of free sugars compared with UK dietary recommendations and intakes.

Conclusion

This is the first study to show that PEH living in temporary residences had a high risk of malnutrition and experienced dietary inequalities related to poor diet quality and severe food insecurity. There is an urgent need for improved food environments, dietary quality of donated foods and improved nutrition screening and nutrition support provision for PEH in temporary accommodation. Findings could help inform policymakers, health services and food aid charities to set nutrition standards for temporary accommodation to promote the dietary health of PEH.
Intentions of housing developers to reuse wood materials in buildings
Authors: Gangsø Marie Renée Sørum , Lien Gudbrand , Mehmetoglu Mehmet , Sjølie Hanne Kathrine , Størdal Ståle
Published: February 2025

The environmental impacts of the construction industry can be decreased by enhancing material circularity. This study explored the psychological factors that influence the intention of housing developers to use recycled wood materials in construction projects. A cross‐sectional survey (n = 138) was conducted in the fall of 2022 in southern Norway. A conceptual model was developed and tested to integrate the theory of planned behavior and institutional theory. The model incorporates three behavioral variables (behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), regulatory and market factors, and previous reuse behavior to investigate their direct and indirect impacts on reuse intention. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. In addition, a bootstrapping test was used to examine the potential mediating effects. The conceptual model explained a large proportion ( = 53 %) of the intentions of housing developers to use recycled wood materials in construction projects in the next 5 years. The results reveal that previous reuse behavior, behavioral attitude, perceived behavioral control, and regulatory and market factors positively impact the intention to use recycled wood materials, while subjective norms do not have a significant effect. This suggests that changes in the use of recycled materials do not originate from consumer requirements. Easy access to materials, information, and suitable regulations and standards can improve the intention to use recycled wood in construction projects. Thus, this may be a first step toward establishing an industrialized value chain for recycled wood materials for construction.
Direct Current Stimulation (DCS) Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Intercellular Vesicular Trafficking in SHSY‐5Y Cell Line: Implications for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Piccoli Marco , Barbato Luisa , Maiorana Natale Vincenzo , Mingione Alessandra , Raimondo Francesca , Ghirimoldi Marco , Cirillo Federica , Schiepati Mattia , Salerno Domenico , Anastasia Luigi , Albi Elisabetta , Manfredi Marcello , Bocci Tommaso , Priori Alberto , Signorelli Paola
Published: February 2025

The modulation of the brain's electrical activity for therapeutic purposes has recently gained attention, supported by the promising results obtained through the non‐invasive application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. To optimize therapeutic efficacy, it is crucial to investigate the cellular and molecular effects of tDCS. This will help to identify important biomarkers, predict patient's response and develop personalized treatments. In this study, we applied direct current stimulation (DCS) to a neural cell line, using mild currents over short periods of time (0.5 mA, 20 min), with 24‐h intervals. We observed that DCS induced changes in the cellular lipidome, with transient effects observed after a single stimulation (lasting 24 h) and more significant, long‐lasting effects (up to 72 h) after repeated stimulation cycles. In neural cells, multiple DCS treatment modulated structural membrane lipids (PE, PS, PI), downregulated glycerol lipids with ether‐linked fatty acids and pro‐inflammatory lipids (ceramides and lyso‐glycerophospholipids) (p ≤ 0.005). Multiple DCS sessions altered transcriptional activity by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, p ≤ 0.05; IL‐1β, p ≤ 0.01), while increasing the expression of neuroprotective factors such as heme oxygenase‐1 (p ≤ 0.0001) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (p ≤ 0.05), as well as proteins involved in vesicular transport (SNARE, sorting nexins and seipin and α‐synuclein; p ≤ 0.05). In addition, DCS enhanced the release of extracellular vesicles, with repeated stimulations significantly increasing the release of exosomes threefold. In conclusion, while a single electrical stimulation induces transient metabolic changes with limited phenotypic effects, repeated applications induce a broader and deeper modulation of lipid species. This may lead to a neuroprotective and neuroplasticity‐focussed transcriptional profile, potentially supporting the therapeutic effects of tDCS at the cellular and molecular level in patients..

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Low‐Fluence Q‐Switch 1064 Nm Laser Combined With Oral Tranexamic Acid: A Quicker Treatment for Laser‐Induced Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Feng Wei , Yang Lichang
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Laser‐induced post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH)is a common adverse reaction in Asian individuals. Dark skin and incorrect laser parameters are common causes, but PIH is often unexpected for patients. Obvious hyperpigmentation can lead to an ugly appearance and severe anxiety. Therefore, a fast and effective treatment for laser‐induced PIH is necessary. In this article, we attempted to demonstrate that a low‐fluence Q‐switch (QS) 1064 nm laser combined with oral tranexamic acid (TXA) is a quick and safe method for the clearance of laser‐induced PIH.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective cohort study, adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, spanning 2 years (2021–2023) was conducted on 23 patients aged between 29 and 58 years. These patients were diagnosed with laser‐induced PIH for < 3 months. The treatment regimen was a low‐fluence QS1064 nm laser combined with oral TXA, oral TXA was first taken, and a low‐fluence QS1064 nm laser was used for at least 1 month after the last laser was applied. Three to six laser treatments were subsequently applied. After treatment, the pigment color and patient satisfaction were assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment options.

Results

Twenty patients were enrolled in the study, the average laser treatments were 4.3 ± 0.865 times. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score decreased from 9.325 ± 3.38 before treatment to 5.97 ± 2.37. After the first treatment, the MASI score decreased by approximately 40%. Two months after the last treatment, the MASI score decreased to 0.93 ± 1.06, and there was a statistically significant difference in the MASI score before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Patient satisfaction scores revealed that 95% of patients were highly or strongly satisfied with the decrease in the intensity of the PIH color, with a moderate response rate of 1 (5%). The patients thought that the pigment removal speed was 75% (15) very fast or fast, 20% (4) moderate, and 5% (1) slow.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated the quick and safe removal of laser‐induced PIH following treatment with low‐fluence QS1064 nm laser combined with oral TXA. Providing such a protocol is indeed one of the primary objectives of this article.
Development and Validation of a Chinese Version of an Information Needs Questionnaire for Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhao , Li Xueyu , Zhang Fang , Sun Junjun , Lian Congcong , Sun Jiayun , Liu Yixuan , Zhao Jing , Chen Xiaocen
Published: February 2025

Background

The efficacy of radiotherapy and the satisfaction of patients can be significantly improved by adequately addressing their information needs. This process is impeded by the current lack of a comprehensive tool for assessing these needs.

Objective

To develop an Information Needs Questionnaire for patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy and to assess its reliability and validity.

Methods

The initial item pool for the questionnaire was developed through a literature analysis and semi‐structured interviews with 12 patients with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy. The Delphi method was employed to consult 16 experts and the questionnaire content was refined based on expert feedback and item ratings to form the first draft. A pre‐investigation was conducted on 30 patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy to refine the item expression. From March–October 2024, item analysis, factor analyses, and reliability tests were conducted on 220 patients. This study adhered to STROBE guidelines.

Results

The final questionnaire comprised 36 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 dimensions, with all item factor loading within their respective dimensions being ≥ 0.4 and no items exhibiting multiple loadings. These five factors accounted for 72.805% of the total variance. The overall content validity index was 0.980, with item‐level content validity index ranging from 0.900 to 1.000. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.959, and the coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.786 to 0.958.

Conclusion

The Information Needs Questionnaire demonstrated excellent reliability and validity in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. It can effectively guide medical staff to accurately assess the information needs of patients with breast cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Identifying the authentic informational needs of breast cancer patients throughout the entire radiotherapy process is instrumental in enabling medical staff to devise personalised and targeted information support interventions.

Patient or Public Contribution

A total of 220 participants provided perspectives on their information needs.
Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Typically Developing Pediatric Spinal Cord: Normative Data and Age Correlation
Authors: Naghizadeh Kashani Sara , Vel Iswarya , Sadeghi Adl Zahra , Shahrampour Shiva , Middleton Devon , Alizadeh Mahdi , Krisa Laura , Faro Scott , Tounekti Slimane , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Mohamed Feroze B.
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

This study presents automated atlas‐based magnetization transfer (MT) measurements of the typically developing pediatric cervical spinal cord (SC). We report normative MT ratio (MTR) values from the whole cervical cord white matter (WM) and WM tracts, examining variations with age, sex, height, and weight.

Methods

MT scans of 33 healthy females (mean age = 12.8) and 22 males (mean age = 13.09) were acquired from the cervical SC (C2–C7) using a 3.0 T MRI. Data were processed using the SC Toolbox, segmented, and registered to the PAM50 template. Affine and non‐rigid transformations co‐registered the PAM50 WM atlas to subject‐specific space. MTRs were measured for the specific WM tracts (left and right dorsal fasciculus gracilis, dorsal fasciculus cuneatus, and lateral corticospinal tracts [LCST]) and the whole WM. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and unpaired t‐tests (p < 0.05) assessed relationships with age, height, weight, and sex.

Results

Normative MTR measurements were obtained from all regions. The coefficients of variation were low to moderate. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found across all the cervical levels. However, significant sex differences were observed in whole WM (p = 0.04) and LCST (p = 0.03). MTR values correlated positively with age, with significant correlations at C5 (r = 0.3, p false discovery rate = 0.04). A decreasing trend in MTR values across levels was found for whole WM (r = −0.2, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provides an understanding of MTR values in pediatric cervical SC and their variations by sex, age, height, and weight, providing a baseline for comparisons in pediatric SC diseases.
Y‐27632 Suppresses the Growth and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, but Upregulates Autophagy by Suppressing mTOR Effectors
Authors: Wen Jie , Sun Yunhan , Ma Li , Zu Tingjian , Wang Na , Zhang Tianqi , Liang Jin , Zhang Yulei , Lu Haoyang , Wu Yihua , Zhang Shizhou
Published: February 2025

Background

The Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y‐27632 is a potential immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Y‐27632 blocks the growth and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL‐27 cells. However, detailed studies on the underlying mechanisms have not yet been reported.

Methods

We investigated the effects of Y‐27632 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells (CAL‐27, SCC‐4, and SCC‐9) using the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, cell scratch, and transwell assay in vitro. Next, ROCK1/2 was knocked down using siRNA to confirm that the effects of Y‐27632 were mediated by the inhibition of ROCK activity. A xenograft mouse model was used to verify the effects of Y‐27632 in vivo. The mechanisms underlying Y‐27632‐induced tumor suppression were detected using western blotting and qRT‐PCR.

Results

Our data demonstrated that Y‐27632 potently inhibited OSCC cells (CAL‐27, SCC‐4, and SCC‐9) by inhibiting ROCK activity. In vivo assays confirmed that Y‐27632 suppressed OSCC growth by reducing cell proliferation. Biochemical assays demonstrated that Y‐27632 inactivated the AKT pathway, and treatment with SC79, an AKT activator, rescued the cell growth and migration inhibition elicited by Y‐27632. Further investigation revealed that Y‐27632 enhanced autophagy by suppressing the AKT/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that Y‐27632 significantly suppressed the growth and migration of OSCC cells and upregulated autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway, thus providing a potential therapeutic drug for patients with OSCC.
Chewing with Co‐Cr or PEEK denture frameworks: A randomized crossover clinical study
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Henrique Bastos de , Ferreira Guilherme Fantini , Gama Lorena Tavares , Carletti Talita Malini , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To compare masticatory function and patient satisfaction with removable partial dentures (RPDs) with cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) and injected polyetheretherketone (PEEK) frameworks, respectively.

Materials and Methods

Twelve volunteers (7 women, 5 men; mean age, 56.6 years) with complete maxillary edentulism and partial mandibular edentulism (Kennedy Class I) first received new RPDs with PEEK (experimental group) or Co‐Cr (control group) frameworks and used them for 2 months. Masticatory performance (MP) was evaluated using sieves and Optocal, with results expressed as the mean particle size (X50); maximum bite force (MBF) was measured with a force transducer and pressure sensors; and self‐reported satisfaction was assessed using a visual analog scale. After the initial evaluation, a 1‐week washout period was followed by group crossover and reassessment after an additional 2 months. Data were analyzed using independent‐samples t‐tests (α = 5%).

Results

X50 values were lower for RPDs with Co‐Cr frameworks than for those with PEEK frameworks (p = 0.007), indicating better MP. The MBF did not differ significantly between RPD framework types. Participants’ satisfaction, in terms of prosthesis stability (p = 0.02) and chewing ability (p < 0.001), was greater for Co‐Cr RPDs. Most participants preferred to continue using Co‐Cr frameworks.

Conclusions

RPDs with injected PEEK frameworks were associated with reduced MP and patient satisfaction relative to Co‐Cr frameworks.
Evaluation of different technologies used for extraoral surface data acquisition for 3D facial scanning
Authors: Abdelhakim Nada A. , Salazar‐Gamarra Rodrigo , Segaan Lucette G. , Soliman Ingy S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study evaluated the accuracy (trueness and precision) of facial scanners using different technologies and the reliability of the texture maps produced.

Materials and Methods

A volunteer was scanned using nine scanners: Cloner, Artec MHT, Revopoint Mini, Revopoint POP 2, Vectra H2, EXAscan, Scaniverse app, iPhone 13 Pro MAX, and Nikon Z 7II Camera. Eighty scans were compared to a reference model (Vectra XT). Root mean square and standard deviation of the dimensional discrepancies were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc test. Acquisition times were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U‐test. Two expert assessments on texture map realism were averaged and compared to the reference using one sample t‐test. The two experts' intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.

Results

Eight scanners fully captured the three‐dimensional facial geometry. Overall trueness and precision of the facial scanners were significantly different (p < 0.001). Seven scanners showed clinically acceptable scanning accuracy of less than or equal to 2 mm. Cloner displayed the lowest deviation (0.61 ± 0.08 mm), fastest acquisition time (0.40 ± 0.00 s), and was highly reliable (<1 mm). The texture map of the Vectra H2 had the highest mean score of 8.50 and was the most realistic. The ICC between the experts was 0.78 indicating good interexaminer reliability.

Conclusions

The more economical facial scanners within each scanning technology (iPhone 13 Pro MAX, Cloner, Revopoint MINI, and Scaniverse app) showed clinically acceptable accuracy with realistic texture maps for facial scanning and therefore could be eligible substitutes for professional higher‐cost scanners.
Does Industry Agglomeration Attract Productive Firms? The Role of Product Markets in Adverse Selection
Authors: Belderbos René , Fukao Kyoji , Ikeuchi Kenta , Kim Young Gak , Kwon Hyeog Ug
Published: February 2025

The literature has produced mixed findings on the relationship between industry agglomeration and firm‐level productivity where it concerns the self‐selection of productive firms into locations characterized by different levels of industry agglomeration. We argue that the nature of this self‐selection crucially depends on whether incumbent and entrant firms compete on the same market. Adverse selection of less productive firms into a location only dominates if knowledge spillovers in agglomerated locations are harmful to productive entrants: when the entrant and local incumbents target the same (domestic) product market and the entrant risks losing market share and profits. We find evidence for this notion in analysis of location decisions for new plants at the fine‐grained geographical level in Japan by firms with known productivity records in the industry (multi‐plant firms). We conclude that sorting processes do occur, but that the nature of these processes can only be uncovered in analysis that considers competition on product markets and accurate measures of firm heterogeneity in productivity.
Inheritance of Genetic Resistance to Anthracnose in Lima Beans: Analysis and Implications for Breeding
Authors: de Brito Marilha Vieira , Torres Kathully Karolaine Brito , Sousa João Vitor Morais , França Giovana Bezerra , Costa Marcones Ferreira , da Costa Guilherme Alexandre Luz , Ferreira Gerson Nascimento Costa , da Silva Verônica Brito , de Sá Gisele Holanda , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , de Melo Maruzanete Pereira , Gomes Regina Lucia Ferreira
Published: February 2025

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a crop of notable agricultural importance. However, its production is severely affected by anthracnose, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum. This study aimed to investigate the genetic inheritance of anthracnose resistance in lima beans to support breeding efforts. Segregating populations (F1 and F2) derived from crosses between resistant and susceptible genotypes were used. All plants with their first pair of developed leaves were inoculated with a conidia suspension of the CT4 isolate of C. truncatum (106 conidia/mL) to study their inheritance. Phenotypic data were collected and analysed to identify inheritance patterns and resistance loci. According to the chi‐square (χ2) test, the segregating ratio of 1:0 (resistant:susceptible) was accepted for the F1 generation, and the ratio of 3:1 (resistant:susceptible) was accepted in the F2 generation. These results indicate that resistance to C. truncatum in lima beans is conditioned by a single gene, showing evidence of dominant monogenic inheritance. The results offer pathways to develop resistant cultivars, improving crop productivity and sustainability.
Information‐Knowledge‐Attitude‐Practice Model in Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury Behaviours of Adolescence and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Tan Liangliang , Lin Zhengdi , Zhang Yuhua , Sun Nan , Ding Qiu , Feng HaiXia , Jiang Wenhao , Yuan Yonggui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is considered a cathartic approach to reducing negative emotions; repeated occurrences increase the risk of suicide. Applying an information‐knowledge‐attitude‐practice (IKAP) model might help patients establish effective and sustainable ways to express negative emotions and cope with difficulties, reducing NSSI.

Aim

We explored an IKAP‐based intervention on NSSI among adolescents and young adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

A total of 120 adolescent and young adult patients with MDD who reported NSSI were recruited from January to December 2021. Using stratified randomisation, the participants were randomly divided into a balanced control group (usual treatment) and intervention group (IKAP intervention). The Cognitive Emotion Scale, NSSI, and handling of dangerous items were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention.

Results

Post‐intervention, the intervention group had significantly lower NSSI, were more likely to give up dangerous items, and indicated better cognitive‐emotional regulation than the control group (all p < 0.05).

Discussion

The IKAP model significantly improved NSSI‐related outcomes.

Implication for Practice

The IKAP model could improve patients' cognitive‐emotional regulation more than traditional health education, enabling patients to participate more actively in disease management, learn problem‐solving skills, reduce negative emotions, actively cooperate with ward safety management practices, and reduce NSSI.

Trial Registration

ChiCTR registration number: ChiCTR2100050317
Three reference genomes for freshwater diatom ecology and evolution
Authors: Roberts Wade R. , Alverson Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

Diatoms are an important component of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Although the majority of described diatom species live in freshwater systems, genome sequencing efforts have focused primarily on marine species. Genomic resources for freshwater species have the potential to improve our understanding of diatom ecology and evolution, particularly in the context of major environmental shifts. We used long‐ and short‐read sequencing platforms to assemble reference genomes for three freshwater diatom species, all in the order Thalalassiosirales, which are abundant in the plankton of oceans, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers worldwide. We targeted three species that cover the breadth of phylogenetic diversity in the cyclostephanoid clade of Thalassiosirales: Cyclostephanos tholiformis (JALLPB020000000), Discostella pseudostelligera (JALLBG020000000), and Praestephanos triporus (JALLAZ020000000). The reference genome for D. pseudostelligera was considerably smaller (39 Mb) than those of both P. triporus (73 Mb) and C. tholiformis (177 Mb). Long‐read sequencing allowed for the assembly of scaffold‐level genomes, including regions rich in repetitive DNA. Compared to short‐read assemblies, long‐read assemblies increased the contig N50 length as much as 37‐fold and reduced the number of contigs by more than 88%. Transcriptome‐guided annotation of the protein‐coding genes identified between 10,000 and 12,000 genes. This work provides further demonstration of the value of long‐read sequencing and provides novel genomic resources for understanding the ecology and evolution of freshwater diatoms.
Justice and Contracts as Double‐Edged Swords: Collaborative Product Innovation in Hub‐and‐Spoke Supply Chain Networks
Authors: Liu Gordon , Chen Yantai , Ko Wai Wai
Published: February 2025

This study explores how inter‐organizational justice, and formal contracts influence new product development (NPD) collaboration in supply chain networks. Challenging traditional transaction cost economics (TCE), the research focuses on collaborative NPD in hub‐and‐spoke supply chain structures. Data from 183 Chinese suppliers and 22 executive interviews reveal unexpected patterns in NPD collaboration. Procedural justice exhibits an inverted U‐shaped relationship with NPD collaboration, linking higher fairness to improved collaboration up to a point, beyond which further increases may associate with diminishing returns. In contrast, distributive justice shows a U‐shaped relationship with NPD collaboration, where higher equity initially relates to reduced collaboration but later correlates with renewed engagement. Notably, formal contracts amplify the negative interactions between these justice dimensions. This contradicts the conventional view of their complementary roles. These findings contribute to theoretical advancements by illustrating how inter‐organizational justice mechanisms function differently in complex network structures compared to simple dyadic relationships. Careful calibration of inter‐organizational justice dimensions and formal contracts proves essential for fostering productive NPD collaboration. These governance insights offer directions for enhancing supply chain relationship management.
Co‐production in sleep research: A scoping review of current practices and future directions
Authors: Gale Emma Louise , Manrai Raahat , Caddick Lorna , Murray Aja , Whalley Heather C. , Smith Daniel , Gardani Maria
Published: February 2025

Sleep is essential for mental and physical health, and research in the field has substantially expanded over the past 50 years. Co‐production methodology has been increasingly used within health and social care research, and refers to collaboration between researchers, policy makers, community partners and wider stakeholders. The aim of this scoping review was to detail the use of co‐production methods within sleep research. A review of the existing literature was conducted using seven databases following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Search terms included objective and subjective sleep outcomes, and the use of co‐production research methodologies. Sixteen studies were included in the final review: 10 studies used solely qualitative co‐production methods to inform intervention design and development (sleep as a primary outcome [n = 5] and as a secondary outcome [n = 5]), and six studies used co‐production methodologies to establish sleep as a priority outcome for future research. Most studies used consultation approaches to design interventions (n = 8), instead of using co‐design teams (n = 2). Two studies focusing on intervention development recruiting participants from clinical populations with poor sleep, other studies recruited from those with other underlying conditions or a healthy population. The most common limitations of the included studies were small sample size, researcher driven topics/domains for the PAR components, under‐representative samples and COVID‐19 pressures. Future sleep research should consider the use of co‐production methodologies from the study conceptualisation, through to the design, development and implementation of research to further benefit the intended research population.
A cross‐sectional study of the association between sleep disturbance profiles, unmet mental health or substance use needs, and presenteeism among United States activity‐duty service members using the 2018 health‐related behaviours survey (HRBS)
Authors: Russell Teresa L. , Singer Darrell E. , Werner J. Kent , Mancuso James D. , Ahmed Anwar E.
Published: February 2025

Inadequate sleep, unmet mental health or substance use needs (unmet needs), and presenteeism are prevalent among military populations. This study aimed to cross‐sectionally determine the association between sleep disturbance profiles, unmet needs, and presenteeism in US active‐duty service members, both separately and combined. Data were collected from the 2018 Health‐Related Behaviours Survey. The response rate was 9.6%. Presenteeism was collected as the number of days (0–30) then collapsed for analysis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify service members into sleep disturbance profiles. Odds ratios and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by binary and ordinal logistic models. Approximately 21% of the 17,166 service members reported at least one presentee day (95% CI: 19.8%–21.8%). Persistent presenteeism was 13.6% (95% CI: 12.7–14.4%). Four sleep disturbance profiles were identified by LCA: (1) high sleep disturbance (reported in 22.5%), (2) short sleep duration (26%), (3) trouble sleeping (6.9%), and (4) none to slight sleep disturbance (reference, 44.6%). Female sex, being separated/divorced/widowed, short sleep duration, trouble sleeping, high sleep disturbance, unmet needs, and both unmet needs and inadequate sleep together were associated with higher odds of high presenteeism levels and persistent presenteeism. Bachelor's or higher educated, 25–34‐year‐old, Hispanic/Latinx, Officer, Air Force, and Coast Guard service members were associated with lower odds of high presenteeism levels and persistent presenteeism. Despite the decreasing trends between 2015 and 2018, the high prevalence of presenteeism presents a significant burden on work productivity and readiness that behavioural modification may alter.
Promoting vocabulary learning during sleep at home using closed‐loop targeted memory reactivation
Authors: Salfi Federico , D'Atri Aurora , Arnone Benedetto , Corigliano Domenico , Amicucci Giulia , Viselli Lorenzo , Naccarato Federica , Festucci Fabiana , Tempesta Daniela , Ferrara Michele
Published: February 2025

Targeted memory reactivation represents an established technique for promoting sleep‐dependent memory consolidation in laboratory studies. This investigation aimed to test the potentiality of a wearable electroencephalography‐based closed‐loop targeted memory reactivation system to boost vocabulary learning in home settings. In the evening, 24 adults (23.58 years ± 3.36 years, 19 females) were asked to learn the Italian translation of 40 pseudowords (test session). Subsequently, participants slept at their home wearing an electroencephalography headband (Dreem 2), and half of the pseudowords were acoustically re‐presented (cued) following the real‐time detection of slow waves. After the awakening, memory recall of the Italian translations was retested. The stimulation effect was evaluated by comparing the test–retest variations in memory accuracy between cued and uncued pseudowords. Moreover, we assessed the event‐related potentials and spectral perturbations induced by the cued stimuli during sleep, comparing the electrophysiological correlates of correctly translated pseudowords with incorrectly translated ones at the retest session. Closed‐loop targeted memory reactivation increased the translation accuracy for cued pseudowords (+8.6%), while no significant test–retest variation for uncued items was observed (−4.6%). Time–frequency analysis indicated a spectral power increase in the spindle frequency band coinciding with the second positive peak of the sound‐elicited slow wave as the correlate of successful morning recall. This study extended the targeted memory reactivation effectiveness in enhancing vocabulary learning to an ecological home environment, providing further support to the role of spindle activity in the targeted memory reactivation effect. A wearable closed‐loop targeted memory reactivation system could represent a memory‐enhancement tool in real‐world settings by promoting the hallmark sleep electroencephalographic rhythms of memory consolidation.
Plasma and Urine Pharmacokinetics of Long‐Acting Injectable Omeprazole Following Intramuscular Administrations to Healthy Thoroughbred Horses
Authors: Harding Caitlin , Viljanto Marjaana , Hincks Pamela , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn , Paine Stuart W.
Published: February 2025

Omeprazole is a gastric acid secretion inhibitor used as an effective anti‐ulcer drug. Based on oral administration studies, its International Screening Limit (ISL) was established in plasma and urine at 1 ng/mL with a Detection Time (DT) of 48 h. A novel formulation of injectable omeprazole has since been released, and therefore, a pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess the DT above the ISL against current advice. Six Thoroughbred horses were given four repeated weekly intramuscular administrations of omeprazole (4 mg/kg). Plasma and urine omeprazole concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the current plasma and urine ISL (1 ng/mL), the DT for this long‐acting omeprazole formulation administered at 4 mg/kg once per week is greater than 384 h (16 days) in both plasma and urine. Thus realistically, despite the appeal of giving an injection once per week rather than oral medication daily over a long period of time, this would make treatment for horses in training with the long‐acting product challenging within the rules of racing. It would therefore most likely be used for horses outside of training, and the oral formulation would still be legitimately used during training.
Disruption and irruption shape genetic variation and population structure of the common rock‐rat in north‐western Australia
Authors: Wale C. H. , McConnell S. , van Leeuwen S. , Cowan M. A. , Spencer P. B. S. , How R. A. , Schmitt L. H.
Published: February 2025

Endemic rodents constitute 19% of Australian terrestrial mammal species and this proportion is higher in arid zones and the north. We report substantial genetic diversity and population structure in the common rock‐rat, a saxicoline murid whose range extends across northern Australia and into the continent's interior. Samples of 686 individuals from 68 locations, encompassing the western half of the species' range, provide one of the most geographically and numerically extensive genetic studies of an Australian rodent. The Great Sandy Desert, a prominent feature over the last 0.5 my bp acts as a significant barrier to gene flow. Continental islands, formed during the past 10 000 years following the end of the most recent Pleistocene glacial maximum, have populations with lower heterozygosity and marked differentiation from each other and the adjacent mainland. On the mainland, despite considerable differentiation between locations, there is only weak evidence for isolation by distance and where it occurs it is associated with drainage basins. In the Pilbara, analyses of genetic structure within localized sub‐locations, just a few kilometres apart, indicate considerable variation between them (FST) and inbreeding within (FIS). We interpret this in the context of cyclonic and other extreme rainfall events that occur episodically, leading to boom‐bust population cycles. Populations decline into refugia of isolated rock patches during extended periods of poor resources with consequent low genetic diversity (He) and large differentiation from others. Populations that irrupt after major episodic rainfall increases resource states, have a more extensive distribution with greater heterozygosity because of gene flow between previously isolated refugia and less differentiation between the locations. These observations have conservation significance for threatened congeneric species and other Australian arid rodents by demonstrating, in this common exemplar, the reduced evolutionary potential imposed by both transient isolation due to climatic variation and longer term disruptions by geographic barriers.
Dedicated Automatic Recall Hepatocellular Cancer Surveillance Programme Demonstrates High Retention: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Brahmania Mayur , Congly Stephen , Sachar Yashasavi , Burak Kelly W. , Lethebe Brendan , Szostakiwskyj Jessie Hart , Lautner David , Medellin Alexandra , Bhayana Deepak , Wong Jason , Nguyen Henry , Sadler Matthew D. , Borman Meredith , Aspinall Alexander I. , Coffin Carla S. , Swain Mark , Shaheen Abdel‐Aziz
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Patient, clinician, and system‐related barriers may affect adherence to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance programmes. The impact of a dedicated automated recall HCC surveillance programme on retention rates in patients eligible for screening is unknown. We aimed to describe and evaluate a large HCC surveillance programme in a publicly funded healthcare system.

Methods

Data were collected from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, from a retrospective cohort of subjects enrolled in a publicly funded automated recall semi‐annual surveillance programme as per the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease HCC guidance in the Calgary Health Zone (~1.6 million), Canada. Patients were excluded if there was incomplete data or did not meet indications for surveillance. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of non‐retention to surveillance.

Results

A total of 7269 patients were included. The median was age 55.5 years (IQR: 45.5–63.8), 60% were male, 46% were of Asian descent, 51% had HBV infection, and 36% had cirrhosis (35% alcohol‐related). Median follow‐up was 4.9 years (IQR: 1.5–7.2). Overall, 52% (n = 3768) of patients were retained in the surveillance programme, while 8.3% (n = 603) left for potential medical reasons, and 40% (n = 2898) were lost in follow‐up. The median time in the programme for those lost in follow‐up was 0.81 years (IQR: 0.0–2.8) compared to 6.75 years if retained (IQR: 5.6–8.6; p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, HCV aetiology (HR 1.41; CI 1.23–1.62, p < 0.01), African ethnicity (HR 1.20, CI 1.02–1.42, p = 0.03), and cirrhosis (HR 1.16, CI 1.05–1.28, p < 0.01) increased risk of dropout. On interaction analysis, Hepatitis B amongst cirrhotic patients also increased risk of dropout (HR 1.48, CI 1.05–2.07, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

A dedicated automated recall HCC surveillance programme has a high retention rate in a large multi‐ethnic cohort of patients while identifying certain marginalised patient populations, such as those with viral liver disease, cirrhosis, or African ethnicity, as particularly vulnerable to loss to follow‐up.
Nonverbal Clause Constructions
Authors: Haspelmath Martin
Published: February 2025

There are about a dozen well‐recognised types of nonverbal clause constructions, but the terminology by which these subtypes are known varies widely. This paper gives an overview of the major types and defines each term carefully, from the perspective of general syntax. For a number of well‐established concepts that have no corresponding well‐established term, I propose novel terms. There are four major predicational types (classificational, attributional, predlocative and appertentive), and four major nonpredicational types (equational, existential, predpossessive and hyparctic).
Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh: A Secondary Analysis of the Zinc in Powders Trial
Authors: Thompson Lauren , Arnold Charles , Peerson Janet , Long Julie M. , Westcott Jamie L. E. , Islam M. Munirul , Black Robert E. , Krebs Nancy F. , McDonald Christine M.
Published: February 2025

In Bangladesh, anaemia is estimated to affect 52% of children 6–59 months, with the youngest children (6–23 months) experiencing the highest levels of anaemia (71%). Micronutrient powders (MNPs) are designed to increase micronutrient intake in young children; however, in some settings, the prevalence of anaemia may remain elevated despite the high coverage of MNPs. In a secondary analysis of the Zinc in Powders trial (ZiPT), we identified risk factors that were associated with anaemia among Bangladeshi children 9–11 months of age who received standard 15‐component MNPs, including 10 mg of iron, daily for 24 weeks. At enrolment, socio‐demographic characteristics were collected. Morbidity symptoms were assessed on a semi‐weekly basis. Haemoglobin (measured via single‐drop capillary blood using Hemocue 301+) and child anthropometry were assessed at enrolment and endline (24 weeks). Risk factors for anaemia at endline (24 weeks) were identified using minimally adjusted (age and sex) logistic regression models. Multivariate models were subsequently constructed, controlling for age, sex and significant risk factors. Of the 481 children randomized to the MNP arm, 442 completed the trial and had haemoglobin data available at endline. Anaemia (haemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL) prevalence declined from 54.1% at baseline to 32.6% at endline. In minimally adjusted models, season of enrolment, underweight at enrolment, asset score, hygiene score and frequent morbidity symptoms were associated with the odds of anaemia at endline. However, some factors lost statistical significance in multivariate models. MNPs are an important tool for anaemia prevention; however, they should be part of an integrated approach for anaemia control.
Lepiotakeralensis, a new species with epithelial pileal covering
Authors: Pious Jeena Rose , Kumar T. K. Arun
Published: February 2025

A new species, Lepiota keralensis, was collected from Kerala, India and was studied using morphological and molecular (ITS, LSU and rpb2 gene) characters. The species is characterized by medium‐sized basidiomata with innate squarrose brown coloured squamules on a white background, hyaline, dextrinoid, non‐metachromatic, smooth‐walled basidiospores, absence of cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, and globose to ellipsoid cells on pileal covering. Morphological as well as phylogenetic analyses confirm the placement of the new species in Lepiota sect. Echinatae. The discovery of the new species adds to the existing data on tropical lepiotas.