bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the anterior insula in morphine‐induced conditioned place preference rats with high‐frequency deep brain stimulation intervention
Authors: Chang Haigang , Wang Yaxiao , Hui Lei , Diao Yuling , Ma Pengju , Li Xiangsheng , Wang Feng
Published: January 2025

Morphine dependence or addiction is a serious global public health and social problem, and traditional treatments are very limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a new potential treatment for drug addiction. Repeated use of morphine leads to neuroadaptive and molecular changes in the addiction‐related brain regions. We have previously performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling coupled with 2D‐LC MS/MS in anterior insular samples from rats treated with saline control, morphine or morphine plus DBS, and the identified expression of eight proteins are altered by morphine and reversed by high‐frequency DBS (HF‐DBS). In this study, we analysed the proteomic data in more details. A total of 5575 proteins were identified. Relative to the saline group, the morphine group showed 14 down‐regulated and three up‐regulated proteins. There were 118 proteins increased and 87 proteins decreased between DBS implanted animals and morphine group. Several differentially expressed proteins were verified with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. Based on Gene Ontology enrichment an KEGG pathway analyses, the majority of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in protein metabolic process, G‐protein coupled receptor signalling pathway, calcium‐mediated signalling, neurotransmitter transport, dopaminergic synapse and mTOR signalling pathway. These data offer a comprehensive understanding of the proteomic changes associated with morphine addiction and DBS therapy in addicted animal models, which is important for the development of DBS interventions for drug addiction.
Unveiling Rainfall's Role in Shaping Woody Plant Functional Traits and Diversity in Northern Namibia
Authors: Shikongo Albertina M. N. , Fabiano Ezequiel C. , Fernandes Geraldo W.
Published: January 2025

Changes in precipitation patterns affect tree populations by altering their functional traits, yet functional diversity is often underestimated in ecological studies. This study analysed changes in plant species diversity and functional traits along an increasing rainfall gradient, using systematic sampling at 13 points along a 1200‐km transect. Plant species diversity fluctuated with no apparent significant effect that could be attributed to increasing rainfall gradient, yet species diversity was significantly highest at sites with high rainfall. While there was no apparent statistical difference in the Simpson Diversity Index among sites, beta diversity was high among all sites. Functional traits varied along the gradient, with functional richness significantly affected by annual average rainfall. The study underscores the importance of both plant species and functional diversity in ecosystems and suggests future research should include more functional traits and sufficient data collection to further elucidate the complex interactions between tree populations, functional traits and precipitation patterns.
Quercetin Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Testes of Wistar Rats Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Aline , Quadreli Debora Hipolito , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves , de Souza Reis Luis Souza Lima , de Andrade Bernal Fagiani Marcela , Marin Lauren Chrys Soato , Batista Victor Rogério Garcia , Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo , de Lima Paz Patrik Junior , Castilho Caliê , de Oliveira Vidotto Figueiredo Mayara , Giometti Ines Cristina
Published: January 2025

Problem

A high‐fat diet (HFD) predisposes animals to glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and testicular oxidative stress, and impairs sperm production in rats. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and lipolytic actions and is a potential supplement to combat the oxidative stress caused by HFD and its harmful effects on reproduction. This study evaluated the effects of quercetin supplementation at doses of 10 and 20 mg/day on reproductive parameters and testicular oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a diet rich in pork fat and fructose.

Method of study

The rats received a basal diet or HFD for 2 months, after which the animals fed the HFD received daily supplementation of 0, 10, or 20 mg of quercetin for another 2 months. Oxidative stress, histological alterations, and the expression of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in the testes were evaluated.

Results

Animals fed the HFD had a lower dietary intake and body, epididymis, and duct weights, regardless of the presence of quercetin. There were no changes in testicular weight, germinal epithelium diameter, sperm motility and morphology, or expression of testicular inflammatory genes (p > 0.05). There was a reduction in the oxidative stress index and oxidized glutathione in rats that received the HFD and 20 mg of quercetin compared with the HF group without quercetin. No difference was observed in the expression of BAX, BCL2, TNFα, caspase 3, or AR between the groups.

Conclusion

Daily quercetin supplementation dose‐dependently reduces testicular oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a diet rich in pork fat and fructose.
Review Article: Rome Foundation Working Team Report: Consensus Statement on the Design and Conduct of Behavioural Clinical Trials for Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction
Authors: Burton‐Murray Helen , Guadagnoli Livia , Kamp Kendra , Trindade Inês A. , Powell Lynda H. , Simrén Magnus , Ljótsson Brjánn , Keefer Laurie
Published: January 2025

Background

Brain–gut behaviour therapies (BGBT) have gained widespread acceptance as therapeutic modalities for the management of disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). However, existing treatment evaluation methods in the medical field fail to capture the specific elements of scientific rigour unique to behavioural trial evaluation.

Aims

To offer the first consensus on the development and testing of BGBT in DGBI.

Methods

An international, interdisciplinary team of experts developed a consensus statement heavily informed by best practice recommendations for behavioural clinical trials for chronic diseases, organised by a selected treatment development model.

Results

We suggest an existing behavioural treatment development model that has an iterative progression aligned with the drug development model with nuances specific to BGBT. We describe the iterative phases through initial discovery and experimental work, assembly of a mechanistic pathway and candidate treatment components, treatment refinement and optimisation, initial proof‐of‐concept, feasibility of clinical trials and, finally, confirmatory efficacy and effectiveness testing. We delineate recommendations for and provide examples that lend themselves to gastroenterologists planning to develop or test BGBT, reviewing proposals for or results from BGBT studies or writing management guidelines for DGBI.

Conclusions

This working team report facilitates a shared understanding of the elements of scientific rigour necessary for BGBT development and could support future standards on which BGBT are evaluated in gastroenterology.
Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties of 2‐Phenyl‐N‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)acetamides
Authors: Nawrot Daria , Koutníková Barbora , Janďourek Ondřej , Konečná Klára , Novák Martin , Paterová Pavla , Bárta Pavel , Bouz Ghada , Zitko Jan , Doležal Martin
Published: January 2025

Infectious diseases, including bacterial, fungal, and viral, have once again gained urgency in the drug development pipeline after the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. Tuberculosis (TB) is an old infectious disease for which eradication has not yet been successful. Novel agents are required to have potential activity against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. In this study, we present a series of 2‐phenyl‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)acetamides in an attempt to investigate their possible antimycobacterial activity, cytotoxicity on the HepG2 liver cancer cell line, and—as complementary testing—their antibacterial and antifungal properties against a panel of clinically important pathogens. This screening resulted in one compound with promising antimycobacterial activity—compound 12, MICMtb H37Ra = 15.625 μg/mL (56.26 μM). Compounds 17, 24, and 26 were further screened for their antiproliferative activity against human epithelial kidney cancer cell line A498, human prostate cancer cell line PC‐3, and human glioblastoma cell line U‐87MG, where they were found to possess interesting activity worth further exploration in the future.
Evaluating Brain Activity in Patients With Chronic Disorders of Consciousness After Traumatic Brain Injury Using EEG Microstate Analysis During Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Xu Long , Wang Jiameng , Wang Cong , Ge Qianqian , Ren Ziqi , He Chen , Liu Yun , Wang Bo , Liu Yaling , Xue Lianbi , He Jianghong , Zhao Xudong , Yu Qiuhong
Published: January 2025

Background

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is an efficacious intervention for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). Electroencephalographic (EEG) microstate analysis can provide an assessment of the global state of the brain. Currently, the misdiagnosis rate of consciousness‐level assessments in patients with pDOC is high. Therefore, we aimed to assess the consciousness levels and outcomes of patients by analyzing changes in EEG signals during HBO therapy.

Methods

EEG data were collected from 32 patients with traumatic brain injury before and after 20 min of HBO therapy. EEG data were obtained during HBO therapy sessions. Modified k‐means clustering was used to segment EEG signals into microstates. A paired sample t test was used to compare the microstate characteristics before and during HBO therapy.

Results

The duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate D significantly increased in the minimally conscious state (MCS) group after therapy. Significant increases in the same parameters were observed in microstate A among patients in the unresponsive wakefulness state group. Furthermore, patients with greater improvements in Coma Recovery Scale‐Revised scores (i.e., improvements of more than three points) showed significant increases in the duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate D. Both the MCS group and the improvement group presented significant increases in the duration, occurrence, and coverage of microstate D during therapy.

Conclusions

Microstate D may be associated with the recovery of consciousness levels in patients. This study verified the safety and feasibility of real‐time EEG during HBO therapy for patients with pDOC. The changes in EEG microstate characteristics during HBO therapy can serve as a significant complement to electroencephalographic assessment indices for patients with pDOC and may be useful for predicting the recovery of consciousness levels.
Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury by Inhibiting the Lactate Production and Its Derived Protein Lactylation Formation
Authors: Pan Xin‐Ru , Zhang Yao‐Dan , Gan Yuan‐Hui , Zhang Jia‐Hang , Gao Su‐Jin , Feng Xiao‐Shuang , Xie Jia‐Xin , Wang Yu‐Fei , Zhang Xin‐Xiao , Wang Peng‐Fei , Yu Shu‐Guang , Tang Yong , Xiong Xiao‐Yi
Published: January 2025

Aim

Given that electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment inhibits lactate production and lactate‐derived lysine lactation (Kla) aggravates ischemic brain injury, we aimed to investigate whether the formation of Kla protein is involved in EA pretreatment to alleviate ischemic brain injury.

Methods

EA was performed on the Baihui acupoint (GV20) of male C57BL/6J mice before receiving the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) surgery. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to observe neuronal survival, astrocyte activation, and protein Kla levels, and the lactate levels in ischemic brains were assayed with a commercial kit. TTC staining and neurological function scores are performed to evaluate the brain damage in mice.

Results

We found that the increased lactate content and protein Kla levels were significantly decreased in ischemic brain tissue of mice after receiving EA pretreatment, and accompanied by the reduction of astrocyte activation and neuronal injury and death. Meantime, we found that EA pretreatment was effective in reversing the worsening of ischemic brain injury caused by lactate supplementation. However, EA pretreatment did not further reduce the lactate content and protein Kla levels and ameliorate brain injury in ischemic stroke mice after inhibition of glycolysis.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that EA pretreatment reduced ischemic brain damage by inhibiting lactate production and its derived protein Kla formation in mice with ischemic stroke.
Sad Art Gives Voice to Our Own Sadness
Authors: Venkatesan Tara , Attie‐Picker Mario , Newman George E. , Knobe Joshua
Published: January 2025

People tend to show greater liking for expressions of sadness when these expressions are described as art. Why does this effect arise? One obvious hypothesis would be that describing something as art makes people more likely to regard it as fictional, and people prefer expressions of sadness that are not real. We contrast this obvious hypothesis with a hypothesis derived from the philosophical literature. In this alternative hypothesis, describing something as art makes people more inclined to appropriate it, that is, to see it as an expression of their own sadness. Study 1 found that describing the exact same sad text as art (e.g., a monologue) as opposed to not‐art (e.g., a diary entry) led to increased liking for the work. Study 2 showed that this effect is not mediated by fictionality. Study 3 showed that the effect is mediated by appropriation. Study 4 looked at the impact of a manipulation of fictionality. Describing a work as fictional did lead to increased liking, but this effect was completely mediated by appropriation. These results provide at least some initial support for the appropriation hypothesis.
Establishment and Validation of a Machine‐Learning Prediction Nomogram Based on Lymphocyte Subtyping for Intra‐Abdominal Candidiasis in Septic Patients
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Cheng Wei , Li Dongkai , Zhao Guoyu , Lei Xianli , Cui Na
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on lymphocyte subtyping and clinical factors for the early and rapid prediction of Intra‐abdominal candidiasis (IAC) in septic patients. A prospective cohort study of 633 consecutive patients diagnosed with sepsis and intra‐abdominal infection (IAI) was performed. We assessed the clinical characteristics and lymphocyte subsets at the onset of IAI. A machine‐learning random forest model was used to select important variables, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing IAC. A nomogram model was constructed, and the discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness of the model were verified. High‐dose corticosteroids receipt, the CD4+T/CD8+ T ratio, total parenteral nutrition, gastrointestinal perforation, (1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan (BDG) positivity and broad‐spectrum antibiotics receipt were independent predictors of IAC. Using the above parameters to establish a nomogram, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in the derivation and validation cohorts were 0.822 (95% CI 0.777–0.868) and 0.808 (95% CI 0.739–0.876), respectively. The AUC in the derivation cohort was greater than the Candida score [0.822 (95% CI 0.777–0.868) vs. 0.521 (95% CI 0.478–0.563), p < 0.001]. The calibration curve showed good predictive values and observed values of the nomogram; the Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) results showed that the nomogram had high clinical value. In conclusion, we established a nomogram based on the CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell ratio and clinical risk factors that can help clinical physicians quickly rule out IAC or identify patients at greater risk for IAC at the onset of infection.
Learning Curve in the Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sánchez‐Torres Alba , Sabreen Eliana , Arias‐Huerta Xavier , Camps‐Font Octavi , Figueiredo Rui , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard , Gay‐Escoda Cosme
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Third molar removal is one of the most common surgical procedures in dentistry. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the learning curve of dentists undergoing surgical training. Thus, the aims of this study were to assess the performance of oral surgery residents in third molar extractions based on operative time and the occurrence of incidents/complications, and to determine which variables are associated with surgical difficulty.

Material and Methods

A prospective cohort study was carried out in adults requiring an impacted lower third molar extraction. All procedures were performed by residents of a master's degree in Oral Surgery and Implantology. The outcome variables were operative time and surgeon‐reported difficulty. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

One hundred and 74 patients were operated on by six students. Similar performance was observed among the surgeons. Although a significant improvement in operative time was seen after 10 cases, a non‐significant decreasing trend of incidents was also found. The multivariate analysis revealed an association between difficulty with crown/root sectioning and impaction against the second molar.

Conclusions

At least 10 lower impacted third molar extractions performed by postgraduate students with experience in tooth extractions are required to improve the operative time. Incidents seem to decrease slightly with the number of procedures performed. Surgical difficulty seems to be related to the need for crown/tooth sectioning and greater impaction against the second molar. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
An Investigation of Isothermal Thermogravimetric Profiles in the Low Temperature Range (60°C–200°C)
Authors: Deng Zizheng , Song Xue , Chen Chong , Arthur Emmanuel , Zhou Hu , Shang Jianying , Tuller Markus
Published: January 2025

Knowledge about the isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) profiles of soils within the low‐temperature range (60°C–200°C) and their relationship to physicochemical properties are limited. The isothermal TG profiles of three typical clay minerals and eight mineral soils with varying clay contents (6%–47%) and clay mineralogies were measured within the temperature range of 60°C–200°C. Except for kaolinite, which showed a linear increase in mass loss (ML) with temperature, the ML of all other samples showed a logarithmic increase with temperature. For clay minerals, the ML was in the order of montmorillonite > illite > kaolinite at different temperature levels. For minerals soils, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the important factor affecting soil ML at different temperatures. Soil water content decreased linearly with increasing pF (logarithm of negative water potential) within the temperature range of 60°C–200°C, and the relationship between water content and pF can be well described with the Campbell and Shiozawa (1992) model (R2 = 0.98–1.00). The reciprocal of model parameter SL had a very significant correlation with CEC or specific surface area determined from water vapour adsorption (). Our results implied that the easily measured isothermal TG data have the potential to be used to estimate some important soil properties (e.g., CEC and ).
Causal Inference With Observational Data and Unobserved Confounding Variables
Authors: Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Dee Laura E.
Published: January 2025

Experiments have long been the gold standard for causal inference in Ecology. As Ecology tackles progressively larger problems, however, we are moving beyond the scales at which randomised controlled experiments are feasible. To answer causal questions at scale, we need to also use observational data —something Ecologists tend to view with great scepticism. The major challenge using observational data for causal inference is confounding variables: variables affecting both a causal variable and response of interest. Unmeasured confounders—known or unknown—lead to statistical bias, creating spurious correlations and masking true causal relationships. To combat this omitted variable bias, other disciplines have developed rigorous approaches for causal inference from observational data that flexibly control for broad suites of confounding variables. We show how ecologists can harness some of these methods—causal diagrams to identify confounders coupled with nested sampling and statistical designs—to reduce risks of omitted variable bias. Using an example of estimating warming effects on snails, we show how current methods in Ecology (e.g., mixed models) produce incorrect inferences due to omitted variable bias and how alternative methods can eliminate it, improving causal inferences with weaker assumptions. Our goal is to expand tools for causal inference using observational and imperfect experimental data in Ecology.
On the Relative Significance of Roughness, Printing Defects and Microstructure on the Fatigue Behavior of Electron Beam Melted Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Bergant Marcos Antonio , Soria Sergio Raúl , Bustos Raúl Ignacio , Soul Hugo Ramón , Yawny Alejandro Andrés
Published: January 2025

In contrast, but complementary to previous studies, this study examines the fatigue behavior in Ti‐6Al‐4V obtained by electron beam powder bed fusion, focusing on damage initiation sites, fatigue damage progression, and correlating these with fatigue life curves. Three material conditions were considered: as‐built specimens with original surfaces after printing (AB), as‐built specimens with a machined and polished surface (MP), and hot isostatic pressed specimens with a machined and polished surface (H). Fatigue fracture surface topography was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and surface metrology microscopy. Different fatigue responses were observed, with crack initiation at surface roughness in AB, lack of fusion defects in MP, and phase facet formation in H specimens. Interaction between cracks and manufacturing defects was investigated. Kitagawa‐Takahashi diagrams were applied successfully to AB and MP specimens. This study aims to enhance understanding of crack initiation and interaction mechanisms, improving life prediction capabilities through microstructure and defect‐sensitive modeling.
Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency and Growth Rates in Soil: Global Patterns and Drivers
Authors: Hu Junxi , Cui Yongxing , Manzoni Stefano , Zhou Shixing , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Huang Congde , Schimel Joshua , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: January 2025

Carbon use efficiency (CUE) of microbial communities in soil quantifies the proportion of organic carbon (C) taken up by microorganisms that is allocated to growing microbial biomass as well as used for reparation of cell components. This C amount in microbial biomass is subsequently involved in microbial turnover, partly leading to microbial necromass formation, which can be further stabilized in soil. To unravel the underlying regulatory factors and spatial patterns of CUE on a large scale and across biomes (forests, grasslands, croplands), we evaluated 670 individual CUE data obtained by three commonly used approaches: (i) tracing of a substrate C by 13C (or 14C) incorporation into microbial biomass and respired CO2 (hereafter 13C‐substrate), (ii) incorporation of 18O from water into DNA (18O‐water), and (iii) stoichiometric modelling based on the activities of enzymes responsible for C and nitrogen (N) cycles. The global mean of microbial CUE in soil depends on the approach: 0.59 for the 13C‐substrate approach, and 0.34 for the stoichiometric modelling and for the 18O‐water approaches. Across biomes, microbial CUE was highest in grassland soils, followed by cropland and forest soils. A power‐law relationship was identified between microbial CUE and growth rates, indicating that faster C utilization for growth corresponds to reduced C losses for maintenance and associated with mortality. Microbial growth rate increased with the content of soil organic C, total N, total phosphorus, and fungi/bacteria ratio. Our results contribute to understanding the linkage between microbial growth rates and CUE, thereby offering insights into the impacts of climate change and ecosystem disturbances on microbial physiology with consequences for C cycling.
Evaluation of weight loss and improvement of steatotic liver disease using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Suzuki Yuichiro , Maekawa Shinya , Osawa Leona , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Takada Hitomi , Muraoka Masaru , Sato Mitsuaki , Takano Shinichi , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Onishi Hiroshi , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: January 2025

Aim

Weight loss (WL) is important for improving steatotic liver. However, there have been no sufficient reports comparing WL with liver fibrosis and steatotic changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

The study included 111 patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease who did not take any new drugs during the study period. They were evaluated using MRI and FibroScan®, and then were given a mild low‐carbohydrate diet. One year later, they were evaluated again, and changes in alanine transaminase (ALT), MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF), and magnetic resonance elastography were examined.

Results

The patients achieved an average WL of 4.2 kg. MRI‐PDFF was significantly improved by 0.68‐fold for 5%–7% WL, 0.61‐fold for 7–10 %WL, and 0.35‐fold for 10% or more WL (vs. gain: p < 0.01). In patients with a WL of 5% or more, magnetic resonance elastography was decreased. MRI‐PDFF reduction of 30% was observed in 56% of patients with 5%–7% WL, 75 % with 7%–10% WL, and 94% with 10% or more WL (p < 0.01). ALT normalization or 30% reduction was well associated with WL, with 73% for 5%–7% WL, 64% for 7%–10% WL, and 93% for 10% or more WL (p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff for MRI‐PDFF improvement and ALT improvement was 5.3% WL in both tests according to receiver operating characteristic analysis (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Many patients achieved improvement in MRI‐PDFF and ALT with WL. WL of 5.3% can improve MRI‐PDFF and ALT, contributing to a better prognosis for metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease patients.
Efficiency Analysis of International Research Collaboration: A DEA Approach on Indonesian University Research Partner Countries
Authors: Hermanu Adhi Indra , Sundari Tri , Radjasa Ocky Karna
Published: January 2025

This research was carried out to analyse the efficiency on University International Research Collaboration (IRC) and examines disciplines that are popular areas for collaboration. Based on data for the years 2015–2021, an empirical study was conducted to determine how to implement Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 56 research partner countries in Indonesia among selected Universities. A total of two inputs and four different outputs were defined for this assessment. Only three international partners have an efficiency score of 1, except for the fact that only one IRC has a lower efficiency score than Decision Making Units (DMU), that do not have an IRC. The Social sciences, health and medicine, and food and agriculture receive the majority of government funding for the IRCs. The originality of this study lies in from the quantitative methology typically used in efficiency analysis, but its use to evaluate research collaboration, particularly on global levels, adds a unique dimension to the study. In addition, the geographical focus on higher education in Indonesia provides a fresh perspective, as does the thematic investigation related to the identification of popular collaborative disciplines. The importance of efficiency metrics in assessing the effectiveness of research collaborations is emphasised in this discussion. There is need for closer collaboration with academics from these partner countries as evidenced by the limited presence of Indonesian academics in a number of sectors. In addition, the study offers recommendations for maximising resources and promoting more productive methods of collaboration in order to increase the output and significance of research.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Maternal Ambivalence Scale
Authors: Erbil Nülüfer , Boyraz Yanık Hilal Gül
Published: January 2025

Aim

The aim of this study was to adapt the Maternal Ambivalence Scale (MAS) to Turkish culture and to conduct validity and reliability studies.

Design

The sample of the methodological type consisted of women (n = 302) who applied to the outpatient clinics of a university hospital in the north of Türkiye.

Methods

The data of the study were collected with the Personal Information Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 and MAS. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the data, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item‐total correlation were used to analyse internal consistency.

Results

Language validity of the scales was ensured by the translation–back‐translation method and content validity according to expert opinions. It was found that MAS consists of three sub‐dimensions as the original structure, factor loadings are above 0.30 and the explained variance is 55.219%. It was found that the fit index values of the scale were x2/SD value 2.74, CFI 0.895, RMSA 0.0761 and SRMR 0.0679 and the model was acceptable. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of MAS was found to be 0.824, and the mean score was 23.04 ± 6.96.

Conclusion

It was determined that Turkish MAS is valid and reliable measurement tool.
Heat Stress Response Mechanisms and Resilience Strategies in Wheat
Authors: Khanzada Anab , Yan Keshuang , Hu Wenhao , Malko Maguje , Khan Khalid Ali , Bao Yinguang , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Li Yan
Published: January 2025

Heat stress is a significant climatic hazard, intensified by rising global temperatures and frequent heatwaves, hindering wheat production. Heat stress damage wheat maturity resulting in morphophysiological changes, biochemical disturbances and a decline in genetic potential. Understanding the morpho–physio–biochemical responses of wheat to heat stress is essential for identifying tolerance mechanisms and developing effective strategies to protect wheat under changing climatic conditions. Plants have evolved various mechanisms to cope with heat stress, which include alterations in their morphological and growth responses, as well as adjustments in physiological and biochemical pathways, alongside modifications in enzymatic activities. Recent advancements in conventional, molecular breeding and transgenic methods have facilitated the development of heat‐tolerant wheat cultivars exhibiting adaptive responses to heat stress whilst maintaining quality and productivity. This review illuminated the morpho‐physiological, biochemical and molecular impacts of heat stress, the mechanisms of tolerance and adaptation strategies in wheat. Besides, we aimed to explore the integration of innovative use of heat priming and the application of smoke water treatment for stress mitigation, thus providing the basis for identifying and promoting effective management practices to mitigate the effects of heat stress in wheat.
Self‐Efficacy in Hypertension Management Using e‐Health Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Primary Care
Authors: Hermansson‐Borrebaeck Rasmus , Fors Andreas , Bengtsson Ulrika , Kjellgren Karin , Calling Susanna , Midlöv Patrik
Published: January 2025

Self‐efficacy is tightly intertwined with person‐centered care and correlates with engaging in self‐care behaviors, an important part of hypertension treatment. Evidence indicates that e‐Health‐based self‐management interventions could increase self‐efficacy. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether an intervention with a person‐centered approach supported by e‐Health technology can impact self‐efficacy. Furthermore, to examine the impact of self‐efficacy on hypertension management, and assess if self‐efficacy can indicate which patients might see the greatest improvement on blood pressure from an e‐Health‐based self‐management intervention for hypertension. This multicenter randomized controlled trial included 949 primary healthcare patients with hypertension. After exclusions, data was analyzed for 862 patients. The intervention group used an e‐Health‐based self‐management system for 8 weeks. Self‐efficacy was measured with the general self‐efficacy (GSE) scale at inclusion, 8‐week follow‐up and 1‐year follow‐up. A significant increase in the mean GSE score in the intervention group was identified (p 0.042). No significant association between self‐efficacy and blood pressure control was found. GSE scores did not significantly differ between the patients that had the best effect on blood pressure and those that had none. This study showed a significant increase in self‐efficacy after the intervention. Self‐management‐based e‐Health interventions might have a role in clinical practice to increase self‐efficacy and improve general health. We found no association between self‐efficacy and achieving a blood pressure below 140/90. Furthermore, no support was found to claim that self‐efficacy would be an indicator of which patients might have the greatest effect from a self‐management‐based e‐Health intervention for hypertension.
Resveratrol Upregulates miR‐124‐3p Expression to Target DAPK1, Regulating the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD Pathway to Inhibit Pyroptosis and Alleviate Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Daohui , Dai Yongwen , Li Zhengtao , Bi Hangchuan , Li Haotian , Wang Yongquan , Liu Yuan , Tian Xinpeng , Chen Lingqiang
Published: January 2025

Currently, an effective treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) is not available. Due to the irreversible primary injury associated with SCI, the prevention and treatment of secondary injury are very important. In the secondary injury stage, pyroptosis exacerbates the deterioration of the spinal cord injury, and inhibiting pyroptosis is beneficial for recovery from SCI. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of resveratrol (RES) and the antipyroptotic mechanisms of RES and miR‐124‐3p in SCI to lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of SCI and provide new therapeutic approaches. Using cell staining and related molecular protein detection techniques to assess DAPK1, the effects of miR‐124‐3p and RES on pyroptosis were investigated, and the effects of RES on injured spinal cord repair in rats were evaluated using tissue staining and related functional recovery experiments. In vitro, DAPK1 interacts with NLRP3, exerting a pyroptotic effect through the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway and DAPK1 knockdown inhibits pyroptosis. miR‐124‐3P negatively regulates the level of DAPK1 and reduced cell pyroptosis. RES increased miR‐124‐3p expression and reduces DAPK1 expression, affecting the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway and inhibiting pyroptosis. In vivo, RES reduces GSDMD‐N levels in rats with SCI, promotes functional recovery, and thus promotes recovery from SCI. Therefore, we concluded that RES increases the level of miR‐124‐3p, which targets DAPK1, regulates the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway, inhibits pyroptosis and alleviates SCI.
NKD2 as a Mediator of IFIX Antioncogene‐Induced Wnt Signalling and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human OSCC
Authors: Wang Shan , Fan Haixia , Bai Jie
Published: January 2025

The activation of the human interferon‐inducible protein X (IFIX) isoform is associated with maintaining a stable cytoskeleton and inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanisms and pathways underlying IFIX‐mediated oncogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of IFIX overexpression and knockdown in CAL‐27 and SCC‐25 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. We observed significant variations in the expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin and Snail, as well as changes in wingless/integrated (Wnt) signalling. Our results indicated a strong correlation between IFIX and EMT, as evidenced by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR and Western blotting, which revealed that Wnt3a and Wnt4 pathway components were regulated in IFIX‐overexpressing or knockdown cells, with naked cuticle 2 (NKD2) showing the strongest positive correlation. Both IFIX overexpression and knockdown modulated NKD2 expression. NKD2 silencing mimicked the phenotypic effects of IFIX knockdown, inhibiting E‐cadherin expression and increasing N‐cadherin, Snail and vimentin expression. Additionally, silencing NKD2 restored the anticarcinogenic phenotype associated with IFIX overexpression, affecting cell proliferation, invasion and migration. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the antioncogenic effects of IFIX in OSCC, involving the inhibition of Wnt signalling through NKD2, which leads to cancer‐inhibiting phenotypic effects, including restricted EMT.
LRP5 Down‐Regulation Exacerbates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis by Inhibiting PI3K/c‐FOS Signalling
Authors: Jiang Hui , Xi Yue , Jiang Qifeng , Dai Wei , Qin Xiaoru , Zhang Jing , Jiang Zhiwei , Yang Guoli , Chen Qianming
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate the involvement of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) in inflammation and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

Gingival tissues were obtained from 10 periodontitis patients and 10 healthy individuals. Wild‐type (WT) and osteoblast‐specific Lrp5 conditional knock‐out C57BL/6 (LRP5fl/fl;Oc‐Cre) mice were used to establish a ligature‐induced mouse model of periodontitis. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were isolated and used to further verify the mechanism through which LRP5 mediates periodontitis in vitro. Micro‐computed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and RNA sequencing were performed to explore the role of LRP5 in periodontitis and the underlying mechanism.

Results

LRP5 expression was down‐regulated in human/mouse periodontal tissues compared to that in healthy controls. Compared to those in wild‐type mice, the periodontal tissues of LRP5fl/fl;Oc‐Cre mice had increased alveolar bone loss, higher proinflammatory cytokine levels, and lower osteogenesis‐related factor expression. LRP5 expression was down‐regulated in hPDLSCs after lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro. LRP5 knockdown increased proinflammatory cytokine production and inhibited osteoblastogenesis by inhibiting PI3K/c‐FOS signalling.

Conclusion

LRP5 down‐regulation exacerbates inflammation and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis by inhibiting PI3K/c‐FOS signalling, suggesting LRP5 as a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis.
Phylogenetic and structural characterization of Kentomonas inusitatus n. sp.: Unique insect trypanosomatid of the Strigomonadinae subfamily naturally lacking bacterial endosymbiont
Authors: Motta Maria Cristina Machado , Camelo Tayná Mourão , Cerdeira Camillo Martins Costa , Gonçalves Camila Silva , Borghesan Tarcilla Corrente , Villalba‐Alemán Evaristo , de Souza Wanderley , Teixeira Marta Maria Geraldes , de Camargo Erney Felicio Plessmann
Published: January 2025

All insect trypanosomatids of the subfamily Strigomonadinae harbor a proteobacterial symbiont in their cytoplasm and unique ultrastructural cell organization. Here, we report an unexpected finding within the Strigomonadinae subfamily: the identification of a new species lacking bacterial symbiont, represented by two isolates obtained from Calliphoridae flies in Brazil and Uganda. This species is hereby designated as Kentomonas inusitatus n. sp. Molecular investigations targeting symbiont DNA, cell proliferation, and ultrastructural analyses agreed with the absence of bacterial symbionts in cultured flagellates. PCR‐screening specifically targeting symbiont DNA corroborated the absence of symbionts in K. inusitatus present in the intestine of the respective host flies. K. inusitatus exhibited forms varying in size and shape. While displaying overall ultrastructural features of the Strigomonadinae, the novel species showed mitochondrial branches juxtaposed to the plasma membrane in locations both without and notable, with subpellicular microtubules. The discovery of the first Strigomonadinae species naturally lacking a symbiont and closely related to K. sorsogonicus, suggests a unique evolutionary history for the genus Kentomonas. Our findings provide novel insights into the complex relationships between trypanosomatids and their symbionts.
Emerging Trends in Food Process Engineering: Integrating Sensing Technologies for Health, Sustainability, and Consumer Preferences
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas , Kumar Jothi Vinoth , Awad Mohammed , Saravanan P. , Al‐Sowayan Noorah Saleh , Rosaiah Pitcheri , Nivetha M. Sherlin
Published: January 2025

The food processing industry, a significant global economic driver, encompasses diverse sectors ranging from agriculture to food service and is currently undergoing transformative changes fueled by engineering innovations, evolving consumer preferences, and regulatory demands. Cutting‐edge advancements in food technology, such as precision agriculture, intelligent packaging, and advanced food processing methods like high‐pressure processing and 3D food printing, are revolutionizing efficiency and sustainability. These innovations are reducing waste, improving food safety, and enhancing traceability throughout the supply chain. Simultaneously, consumer demands for healthier, sustainable, and ethically produced food are reshaping product offerings. Emerging trends include functional foods, clean labels, plant‐based diets, personalized nutrition, and allergen‐free products, all reflecting a focus on health and wellness. Sustainability remains a critical priority, with emphasis on eco‐friendly farming practices, food waste reduction, and biodegradable or recyclable packaging solutions. Digital technologies like IoT, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and robotics are enhancing operational efficiency and transparency. Intelligent food packaging featuring embedded sensors for monitoring freshness and quality is further bolstering consumer confidence and supply chain efficiency. These advancements position the food processing industry to address global challenges, ensuring food security, safety, and sustainability while adapting to dynamic market demands.
Long legs and small joints: The locomotor capabilities of Homo naledi
Authors: Chapman Tara J. , Walker Christopher , Churchill Steven E. , Marchi Damiano , Vereecke Evie E. , DeSilva Jeremy M. , Zipfel Bernhard , Hawks John , Jan Serge Van Sint , Berger Lee R. , Throckmorton Zachary
Published: January 2025

The lower limb of Homo naledi presents a suite of primitive, derived and unique morphological features that pose interesting questions about the nature of bipedal movement in this species. The exceptional representation of all skeletal elements in H. naledi makes it an excellent candidate for biomechanical analysis of gait dynamics using modern kinematic software. However, virtual gait analysis software requires 3D models of the entire lower limb kinematic chain. No single H. naledi individual preserves all lower limb elements, and what material is preserved is fragmentary. As an antecedent to future kinematic analysis, a 3D lower limb skeleton was reconstructed from the most complete fossil bones of different H. naledi individuals. As both juvenile and adult H. naledi were used, we tested if the knee joint remained congruent throughout ontogeny in a sample of great apes (N = 143) and modern humans (N = 70). The reconstruction and subsequent comparative analysis reveal that H. naledi had remarkably small joint sizes for their body size, a hyper‐elongated tibia, and a high crural index (90.2). We consider that the lower limb morphology of H. naledi could have improved locomotor economy, but the exceptionally small joints cast doubt on its capabilities for long distance travel, including endurance running. The unusual mixture of primitive and derived traits in H. naledi remains intriguing and might indicate that this hominin engaged both in bipedal walking and climbing, demonstrating that kinematic diversity in hominins persisted well into the Middle Pleistocene.
The influence of rurality on self‐reported physical therapy utilization among patients with severe chronic back pain in the United States
Authors: McLaughlin Kevin H.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To examine the association of rurality and physical therapy utilization among a nationally representative sample of individuals with severe chronic back pain.

Methods

This study utilized a publicly available dataset from the 2019 National Health Information Survey (Adult Sample). Individuals with severe chronic back pain were identified based on survey items examining respondents’ pain frequency and location. Physical therapy utilization was identified based on survey questions asking about pain management strategies utilized over the previous 3 months. Rurality was classified as large central metro, large fringe metro, medium and small metro, and nonmetropolitan/rural, based on the county of residence. Regression was used to examine the association between rurality and physical therapy utilization, while controlling for relevant covariates. National estimates were calculated using provided weighting variables.

Results

We identified 2925 individuals (weighted = 20,468,134) meeting the criteria for severe chronic back pain. We observed that individuals with severe chronic back pain living in nonmetropolitan/rural areas had 34% lower odds of (weighted OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.92) utilizing physical therapy compared to individuals living in large central metropolitan areas. We did not observe significant differences in the odds of utilizing physical therapy among individuals living in large fringe metropolitan areas or medium–small metropolitan areas.

Conclusions

Individuals living in rural parts of the United States have lower odds of using physical therapy for management of their severe chronic back pain. Additional research is needed to examine the factors that contribute to these differences and improve access to care.