bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedded Services
Authors: Staley Catherine , Kenyon Robert S. , Marcovitz David M.
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the model of embedded librarian and writing center services that the authors have been piloting as part of a proposed online master's program in Educational Technology. The authors reviewed the literature related to services embedded in online programs and describe the planning and execution of their pilot. The chapter outlines the various forms an embedded model can take, the resources necessary to support embedded services, and the need to maintain faculty autonomy over the course. Finally, the authors provide a preliminary list of best practices for faculty and support service staff interested in embedding services into an online course.
Social Justice in Social Work
Authors: Focsa Tatiana
Published: November 2017

The actuality of the given topic comes from the approach of the concept of social justice in relation with factors of decisions and power of the state. One of the solutions identified by the state organization is the creation of the system of social work, which represents a component of the national system of social protection, within which the state and civil society is engaged to prevent, limit or remove the temporary or permanent effects of some events considered as social risks that could generate the marginalization or exclusion of the persons and families in difficulty. In our vision, the social justice represents the equality of chances of each individual in relation with the equity and equality as fundamental principles of social coexistence. In a “healthy” state, any person, regardless of experience or life circumstances, succeeds to achieve the maximum potential. We believe that there is no human society that is entirely based on social equality or equity, but this is only an additional motive to make efforts in this direction.
Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work Practice
Authors: Malinga Tumani , Ntshwarang Poloko Nuggert , Lecha Masego
Published: November 2017

Ethical dilemmas are conflicts that arise when two or more ethical principles clash. As social work practitioners often grapple with ethical dilemmas in their practice, it is important and informative to explore how they address them, especially in different cultural contexts. Drawing on data from a qualitative exploratory study of social work practitioners in different settings in Botswana, this chapter identifies and discusses several ethical dilemmas that social work practitioners in Botswana come across in their practice in both government and non-governmental organizations and how they address them. The chapter also examines the struggles practitioners deal with such as ethical stress, as they try to address and deal the ethical dilemmas. The chapter brings forth recommendations that social work ethics should be part of the educational curriculum and the importance of practitioners' self-awareness.
Contribution of Social Learning in Counterproductive Work Behaviors
Authors: Sharma Naman
Published: November 2017

Unethical employee behaviors pose a grave challenge for organizations today. Research has established that every year organizations lose millions of their dollars along with their valuable reputation due to immoral conduct of their employees. Practitioners and researchers in the past have undertook such instances very seriously and analyzed various antecedents to these employee behaviors. While various personality and attitude related variables have been held responsible for counterproductive work behaviors, the role of social learning was often overlooked in this pursuit. Current chapter address this gap and presents a logical framework for establishing social learning as potential antecedent of employee deviance in organizations.
Evolution of Brand Culture
Authors: Sharan Sudhir , Prasad Suneel Kumar
Published: November 2017

This chapter is the result of a deep-seated question in the mind of the authors- What is the essence of a business firm? The search of answer led the authors from insight to insight and at one point it became clear that roots of business success are deep into the world history. Related to realization above and based on the wider knowledge about business was the second question: What single attribute of a business entity contained most of its essence? In other words, when a business is born, what factors impart its unique identity? These questions appeared significant and set the authors to explore title theme, that is, the story of journey through centuries of history. The focus was on two separate forces which become infinitely intriguing when brought together: brand and culture. This chapter is a brief story of the antecedents and consequences of (both qualitative and quantitative) differences in brand culture and its ability to shape the life cycle of specific organization.
Impact of Digital Communication on Consumer Behaviour Processes in Luxury Branding Segment
Authors: Gupta Harsha
Published: November 2017

With a boom in digital marketing and the luxury sector in India, research in both the segments have become crucial for mining insights that guide consumer buying behaviour. However, both these constructs are comparatively new and have not been researched much. Hence, research in this field will help marketers across the corporate and academic sectors to understand deeper insights about consumer decision making process. This research will help in understanding how different vehicles of digital communication impact consumer behavior processes in the luxury brand apparel segment. The data for this research has been collected using an online questionnaire from respondents across India. Hence, this chapter will enable the readers in identifying which digital vehicles are most suitable for the different stages of the consumer behaviour process when marketing to luxury consumers; identifying the ranking of digital vehicles during consumer buying behaviour process; and analyzing the impact of various digital communications at different stages of the consumer behaviour process.
The Impact of Digital Word-of-Mouth Communication on Consumer Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Dasgupta Sabyasachi , Kothari Reema
Published: November 2017

This chapter throws light on the impact of digital word-of-mouth on consumer decision making process. The background review for this study elaborates on the growing popularity of social networking sites among users and the necessity for a brand to connect to its existing as well as prospective customers via fashion bloggers and not just through brand owned pages and posts or online ads. Users trust and rely on these fashion bloggers and influencers for their day-to-day intake latest trends, upcoming styles, new brands, and new product offerings. The aim of this research is to find out which is most popular online platform for browsing fashion apparel content and to what extent does digital word-of-mouth impact consumer decision making.
Data Dissemination Practices of Elementary School Principals
Authors: Herring Trent
Published: November 2017

A review of literature about data dissemination by elementary school principals and data-driven decision-making (DDDM) revealed some principals used accountability data for student achievement, but many did not. Many principals relied more upon their own intuitive experiences instead of systematic data use. This qualitative study focused upon five high-performing elementary school principals from a southern Louisiana school district that had neither prescribed DDDM practices nor data dissemination protocols designed to support principals. Goals of this study were to examine principals' data dissemination processes, what influenced practices, and if principals did have ideal dissemination processes. The study revealed that each of the principals did utilize a data dissemination process, although not formal processes. Certain factors influenced DDDM and subsequent dissemination by principals.
Establishing a Data Culture Using a Data-Driven Instructional System for School Improvement
Authors: Shanks Julius N.
Published: November 2017

School leaders are faced with enormous responsibilities in addressing student achievement as directed by district, state, and federal mandates. There is a need for school leaders to structure and implement how to acquire, analyze, and commit action from identified gaps in student learning using assessment data. A major part of the process is establishing how teachers use student data to improve teaching and learning opportunities. When discussing school improvement measures and initiatives, one commonly refers to observations, feedback, and professional learning communities as its core components. This chapter provides a framework using a data-driven instructional system (DDIS) as a model for school improvement in establishing a school data culture that can improve student achievement.
The Principal as a Data-Driven Instructional Leader
Authors: Hayes Sonya D. , Lee Carlos G.
Published: November 2017

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) began an educational reform movement that iterated standardization and accountability. Since the onset of NCLB, educational leaders have focused more attention on using data to guide and inform school improvement efforts. Although most school leaders and teachers have access to a wide-range of data, the examination and interpretation of data to inform teaching and to improve student learning has been a challenge for educators. In this chapter, the authors review the literature on data-driven decision making (DDDM) and elaborate on how the principal, as an instructional leader, uses the professional learning community (PLC) process to support the development of teachers in creating an authentic approach to data analysis in order to improve instruction and support student learning.
Leadership to Support and Sustain Data Use in Data Teams
Authors: Schildkamp Kim , Poortman Cindy Louise
Published: November 2017

This chapter focuses on how school leaders can support the use of data in data teams with the data team intervention, a step-by-step systematic approach to school improvement. First, the data team professional development intervention is described and an example of a data team in action is provided. Next, the authors closely examine the role of the school leader in supporting the use of data in data teams. Several leadership behaviors that are important to support data teams are described: developing a vision, norms, and goals for data use; providing individualized support; providing intellectual stimulation; creating a climate for data use; and, networking to connect different parts of the organization. Concrete examples are provided with regard to how these behaviors are demonstrated in data teams. The chapter ends with a checklist and reflection tool, which school leaders can use to reflect on their own leadership behaviors with regard to supporting data use in data teams.
Towards Partnerships for Student Success
Authors: Irwin Lynn H. , Reames Ellen H.
Published: November 2017

This case study project demonstrated the power of teachers partnering with one another in a collaborative manner in an effort to increase student reading readiness. These collaborative partnerships created a new way of thinking about analyzing student reading data. One of the important outcomes was the creation of a common formative assessment system that was used throughout the school. A second outcome was the significant increase in student reading scores. A third outcome was the significant improvement in school culture during the implementation of this change project. All outcomes exemplified how schools can embrace change and make positive strides towards increasing student success and successfully strengthen collaborative cultures and learning partnerships through data use.
School Leaders in a Time of Accountability and Data Use
Authors: Mense Evan G. , Griggs Dana M. , Shanks Julius N.
Published: November 2017

School leaders are challenged with the task of high stakes testing and student achievement. In the data-driven K-12 setting, it is necessary to have quality school leaders in place. Universities are charged with preparing these quality school leaders. Educational leadership programs need to contain quality structure and key components. These key components required of leadership preparation programs consist of data, leadership style/theories, data culture/climate school leader organizational and management, school community relations, professional development, school/teacher improvement, school improvement plan (SIP), implementation of SIP goals, and field experience. These key components need to encompass the national educational leadership preparation (NELP) standards and the professional standards for educational leaders (PSEL) standards to maintain a successful educational leadership program.
Setting the Stage for Success in an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Orlando Maria , Howard Linda
Published: November 2017

Online learning in higher education has become increasingly popular because of the convenience and flexibility that it provides. Self-regulated learning, which requires students to plan, monitor, and assess their own learning, has been recognized as a key predictor of academic achievement and motivation in student learning. Few students, however, naturally do this. In order to guide students to become self-regulated learners and for these experiences to be successful for both the students and the instructor, instructors should use pedagogical strategies that differ slightly from those they have used in traditional classrooms. The purpose of this chapter is two-fold: to identify some of the challenges presented to students in an online learning environment and to give an overview of some possible solutions that an instructor can implement in order to address those challenges and give students tools to help them to become self-regulated learners.
Exploring the Role of Adult Learning Theory in Understanding Employees' Participation in Non-Mandatory Training
Authors: Sutha Jayaranjani
Published: November 2017

The theme of employees' non-mandatory training participation intention has been viewed as being supported by limited theoretical foundations, specifically expectancy theory of motivation and perceived organizational support theory. Although contributions made by adult learning theory have long been acknowledged, it is important to recognize the unique role it has played by incorporating three theoretical pillars and consequently providing a strong foundation for employees' non-mandatory training participation intention. By identifying the relationship between employees' non-mandatory training participation intention and one of its closely allied fields, viz. adult education, this article argues that it is actually adult learning theory that provides a foundation and linkage for both fields.
Self-Directed Language Learning, Asian Cultural Influences, and the Teacher's Role
Authors: Shi Hong , Witte Maria Martinez
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to identify cultural influences on self-directed language learning. Self-directed language learning may take place in the classroom environment, but mainly goes on outside of the classroom, and how students regulate this aspect of learning is crucial to their language learning and academic success. Autonomy is a key characteristic of western education while some aspects of collectivist culture appear to be impediments to autonomous learning. Culture influences learners' beliefs about the learner and teacher's relationship and their perceived roles in language learning. Students accustomed to more teacher-centered classrooms need to be given time and support to make the transition to new forms of learning. Teachers are suggested to provide guidance and assistance for learners, such as scaffolding, strategy teaching and self-assessment to encourage independent and autonomous learning to promote learners' self-confidence, motivation, abilities and skills for lifelong learning.
Transformational Shifts of Pedagogy Through Professional Development, Essential Questions, and Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Cypret-Mahach Ronda
Published: November 2017

This chapter describes transformational experiences of a faculty of teachers during a yearlong action-research case-study of professional development, infused with digital technologies intended to capitalize on self-directed learning strategies, in the use of essential questions specifically designed to target critical thinking in students. Teachers who began to adopt the essence of essential questioning into their teaching practice also began to seek ways to engage in personalized self-directed learning as they looked for avenues to continue development of successful practice. The ability to self-investigate and self-delineate pedagogy was critical for most of participant teachers. The faculty of teachers involved in the action-research case-study demonstrated statistically significant growth on the Measure of Questioning Skills, indicating the experience encouraged teacher growth in questioning abilities. Research data also reflected statistically significant student growth in STAR Reading and STAR Math scores, and an increase in student's Measure of Questioning Skills.
Regulatory Compliance, Ethical Behaviour, and Sustainable Growth in Nigeria's Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines regulatory compliance, ethical behaviour and sustainable growth in Nigeria's telecommunications industry. It provides perspectives on the vexed issues of poor quality of service (QoS) that seems to have defied all practical solutions, unsolicited messages and the fleecing of subscribers by the mobile network operators, and other unfair business practices pervading the industry. The chapter wades through the controversy surrounding regulations and sanctions, and condemns the flagrant disregard for industry regulations by the mobile network operators whose actions are propelled by the runaway profit, which currently drives the stiff competition in the telecommunications industry. Based on the issues and problems articulated in this work, the chapter recommended among others, that the regulator should continue to engage the mobile network operators and other stakeholders in a robust dialogue aimed at finding lasting solution to the challenges impeding the growth of the telecommunications industry in Nigeria.
The Role of Communication in Business Decision Making
Authors: Nădrag Lavinia , Buzarna-Tihenea Alina Galbeaza
Published: November 2017

The contemporary world bears the mark of a great development process that triggers new challenges and opportunities. In order to evolve, organizations and their members must constantly adapt to this ever-changing environment and, in this regard, communication and feedback play a major role. This chapter deals with the importance of communication, in general, and of internal communication and feedback, in particular, within organizations. The theoretical part of the chapter tackles several important issues related to communication and feedback, such as definitions, models and types of communication, the main barriers to effective communication, and feedback within organizations. The second part of the chapter is focused on a study analyzing the answers to a questionnaire administered to the employees of an insurance company, in order to assess its internal communication and to find correlations between the satisfaction degree resulted from the communication process and the way of viewing the organization's efficiency.
Information Technology, Globalization, and Local Conditions
Authors: Wongsurawat Winai , Shrestha Vivek
Published: November 2017

In small markets such as many emerging economies of South East Asia, disruptive startups have two important challenges to contend with – managing the forces of globalization and coping with idiosyncratic local rules and regulation. While globalization offers extraordinary opportunities to access new ideas and the ability to reach customers faraway, it can lead to risky dependencies on powerful, foreign suppliers and partners. Disruptive startups in small emerging economies also have to deal with peculiar rules and regulations rooted in local politics, religion or history. This chapter explores the interplay between the strategic choices facing a disruptive startup and the entrepreneur's management of globalization forces along with local complications. The analysis is driven by case studies of two South East Asian startups that have exploited opportunities presented by information technology to disrupt incumbents in the media and tourism industries.
Employee Welfare Measures
Authors: Patro Chandra Sekhar , Raghunath K. Madhu Kishore
Published: November 2017

The welfare measures for employees in an organization have always and will keep playing a pivotal role in enhancing the morale of the employees. These schemes facilitate thrust for both the employee and employer relations. An employee's welfare is inherent core component, as they act as life blood for achieving the objectives of an organization. The main intention behind implementing the welfare measures is to secure the employee force by providing proper human condition of work and minimizing its hazardous effect on the life of the employees and their family members. This chapter determines the various welfare measures implemented with its impact on the employees' work efficacy in different public and private sector manufacturing organizations. This chapter also articulates the importance of welfare, symptoms of frustration, standards set by the employees, implications of welfare measures and its effectiveness on employees' and the organizational productivity.
Preferences, Benefits, and Barriers of Web 2.0 Tools for Knowledge Sharing in Brunei Darussalam's Tertiary Education
Authors: Amin Nurul Afiqah Hj Nor , Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Hasnan Amy Suliza , Besar Nurul Nazirah
Published: November 2017

This paper is aimed to assess the current knowledge sharing processes in tertiary education in Brunei Darussalam. It identifies and examines the preferences, benefits and barriers of knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing platforms utilized in tertiary education. A descriptive research method is employed, in which quantitative approach was selected to collect data on the use of Web 2.0 tools, especially social media, for knowledge sharing in tertiary education in Brunei Darussalam. This study revealed that respondents highly utilize emails and Web 2.0 tools for knowledge sharing, which are normally provided by their host universities as information and knowledge sharing platforms. Web 2.0 tools, especially social media, are considered suitable platforms for sharing knowledge. However, there are some concerns in using Web 2.0 tools for knowledge sharing, mainly in term of privacy issues and reliability of information and knowledge shared due to its high risk of collaborators.
A Recent Systematic Review on Simulation Modeling and Emergency Departments
Authors: Oueida Soraia , Kadry Seifedine , Char Pierre Abi
Published: November 2017

Healthcare, being a complex and huge system, suffers from low quality of care delivered to arriving patients. The quality of care depends on the patient's condition and the availability of hospital's resources. Therefore, many authors have studied the problems faced by such systems and emphasized in their articles the importance of a system review for better performance. In healthcare, different departments interact with each other in order to deliver a certain service to arriving patients and provide the recommended care. In particular, the emergency department (ED) is proven to be the busiest unit of the hospital; thus, the exiting problems and recommended solutions are highlighted in this study by a literature systematic review. The main goal of this article is to study the problems that EDs face nowadays and how simulation modeling can interfere in order to alleviate these problems, propose corresponding solutions and increase patient satisfaction.
Towards an African theological ethic of earth care: Encountering the Tonga lwiindi of Simaamba of Zambia in the face of the ecological crisis
Authors: Kaoma Kapya
Published: November 2017

The mounting ecological catastrophe and its negative effects on humanity and future generations of life, demand proactive actions. The ongoing crises of deforestation, air and water pollution, land degradation and many other ecological predicaments are critical global moral and justice issues. Although postcolonial Africa’s economic theories undermine the integrity of Creation, Africans are equally responsible. Following Pope Francis’ invitation to Creation care, I argue that the lwiindi [the annual rain-calling ceremony] illustrates ecological concerns and possesses ecological insights that can aid, inform and positively transform Africa’s ecological actions. The article opens with a brief discussion on the growing ecological consciousness in global Christianity and Africa. It employs the lwiindi to illustrate the ecological role of ancestors as guardians of the land. It is from this perspective that the Enlightenment influenced concept of ‘progress’, is examined. The article concludes with some critical reflections on the environment and Tonga culture.
The Burning Bush (Ex 3:1–6): A study of natural phenomena as manifestation of divine presence in the Old Testament and in African context
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this article is to attempt to sketch a new reading of Exodus 3:1–6 in African context. After the analysis of the text and various interpretations of the burning bush, this article attempts to survey the various uses of the word fire/lightning/thunder in the Old Testament and in African indigenous religious tradition (Yoruba tradition). In this case, the legends of Sango, the Yoruba Divinity, are important examples of interpreting the existence of fire/lightning/thunder as a sign of God’s presence. Although the meaning of fire/lightning/thunder in the Old Testament and African traditions is very similar, the author does not subscribe to the notion that African Christianity and African traditional religion are the same. However, the similarity has some important implications for African Christianity despite the differences.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Parasitemia and Gametocytemia in HIV-Infected Children on Differing Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Hobbs Charlotte V. , Gabriel Erin E. , Kamthunzi Portia , Tegha Gerald , Tauzie Jean , Li Yonghua , Ilmet Tiina , Artimovich Elena , Neal Jillian , Hall Ted , Parikh Sunil , Kirmse Brian , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Chen Jingyang , Prescott William R. , Palumbo Paul , Duffy Patrick E. , Borkowsky William , _ _
Published: November 2017

Laboratory data and prior pediatric reports indicate that HIV protease inhibitor (PI)–based antiretroviral therapy (ARV) kills gametocytes and reduces rates of gametocytemia, but not asymptomatic parasitemia, in a high malaria-transmission area. To determine whether ARV regimen impacts these rates in areas with less-intense malaria transmission, we compared asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia rates in HIV-infected children by ARV regimen in Lilongwe, Malawi, an area of low-to-moderate transmission intensity. HIV PI lopinavir–ritonavir (LPV–rtv) ARV– or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine ARV–treated children did not differ in the rates of polymerase chain reaction-detected asymptomatic parasitemia (relative risk [RR] 0.43 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.16, 1.18], P value 0.10) or microscopically detected gametocytemia with LPV–rtv ARV during symptomatic malaria (RR 0.48 95% CI [0.22,1.04] P value 0.06). LPV–rtv ARV was not associated with reduced rates of asymptomatic parasitemia, or gametocytemia on days of symptomatic malaria episodes, in HIV-infected children. Larger studies should evaluate whether ARV impacts transmission.
Molecular Identification of Trichuris suis and Trichuris trichiura Eggs in Human Populations from Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar
Authors: Phosuk Issarapong , Sanpool Oranuch , Thanchomnang Tongjit , Sadaow Lakkhana , Rodpai Rutchanee , Anamnart Witthaya , Janwan Penchom , Wijit Adulsak , Laymanivong Sakhone , Pa Aung Win Pa , Intapan Pewpan M. , Maleewong Wanchai
Published: November 2017

Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth infecting human populations globally. Human cases caused by Trichuris suis and Trichuris vulpis have also been reported. Molecular identifications of Trichuris species infecting human populations in Lao PDR and Myanmar are lacking. Here, we explored molecular data obtained from Trichuris eggs recovered from human fecal samples from these countries and compared these with new and existing data from Thailand. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S and ITS2) sequences were amplified from Trichuris eggs and sequenced. Forty-one samples showed 99–100% similarity in their 18S sequences to published sequences of T. trichiura and one sample showed 99% similarity to a sequence of T. suis. Similarly, 41 samples showed 92–100% similarity in their ITS2 sequences to published sequences of T. trichiura and one sample showed 94–97% similarity to sequences of T. suis. This study is the first molecular confirmation of human infection with T. suis in northeast Thailand and the first molecular confirmation of the species of Trichuris infecting humans in Lao PDR and Myanmar.
Más allá de la métrica. Las nubes de puntos como expresión gráfica semántica
Authors: Puche Fontanilles Josep M. , Macias Solé Josep M. , Toldrà Domingo Josep M. , De Solà-Morales Pau
Published: November 2017

Las nubes de puntos son objetos con un incuestionable valor geométrico. Pero el desarrollo de determinadas metodologías de trabajo permiten extraer de ellas información que va más allá de la métrica, permitiendo análisis semánticos del objeto documentado. En este trabajo exponemos una de estas metodologías que consiente, únicamente modificando la visualización de las nubes de puntos, poner en evidencia elementos de valor semántico del objeto arquitectónico escaneado.
Estudio de los mihrabs de los santuarios de la Medina de Arcila (Marruecos)
Authors: Vergara Muñoz Jaime , Martínez Monedero Miguel
Published: November 2017

La ciudad de Arcila (Marruecos) cuenta con una de las medinas más interesantes del norte de África. La arquitectura religiosa constituye un valioso patrimonio que se reparte entre Mezquitas, Zagüías y Morabitos. En cada uno de estos santuarios el mihrab es el elemento común, e imprescindible en la configuración espacial interior. En el presente trabajo se estudian y clasifican estos mihrabs desde un punto de vista tipológico y formal. 
El paseo imaginado. Dibujo y realidad en la construcción de un barrio funcionalista: Huerta del Rey (Valladolid)
Authors: Jiménez Jiménez Marina , Fernández-Maroto Miguel
Published: November 2017

Huerta del Rey es un polígono residencial de Valladolid de manzana abierta con cierto prestigio nacional (1950s-1990s) que hoy se aproxima al paradigma de ciudad en el verde que ansiaba el Movimiento Moderno.

Aunque está bastante documentado su proceso de desarrollo, las investigaciones no se han detenido en cómo se ha representado la creación de dicho paisaje “verde”. Buscamos en las fuentes originales de cada etapa para descubrir el dibujo o construcción de varios relatos en torno a ese objetivo abstracto común.

La colocación, representación e ideación del “verde” generalmente remite a una disciplina poco valorada en nuestro país. Pero aquí nos descubre el reconocimiento de su importancia por parte de algunos profesionales “enterados” y preocupados, que posibilitó su configuración y riqueza de matices, a pesar de que no haya sido el resultado de un diálogo prioritario y cohesionado. Entre pérdidas, olvidos y operaciones tardías destaca la potencia de un paseo.
Los dibujos para escenografías de Goethe
Authors: Calduch Cervera Juan , Rubio Garrido Alberto
Published: November 2017

Las facetas de dramaturgo y gestor teatral de Goethe avalaban sus conocimientos arquitectónicos sobre estos asuntos mostrados en sus dibujos. En sus propuestas para el escenario se alejó de los modelos vitruvianos y palladianos, seguidos en la definición tipológica, eliminando el frons scænæ arquitectónico y decantándose por los decorados pintados. De este modo, la arquitectura ficticia escenificada se ajustaba a cada representación pero se diferenciaba del carácter apropiado de la arquitectura del edificio.
Desde la geometría hasta la representación generativa. La búsqueda de una solución optimizada en el proyecto del Club Táchira (Caracas, 1955)
Authors: Capone Mara , Nigro Eliana
Published: November 2017

La construcción de formas de la geometría compleja procede, a menudo, de la búsqueda de una solución “optimizada” con referencia a un determinado parámetro elegido. Ese método es perfectamente reconocible en el proyecto del Club Táchira.

A través del análisis de la génesis geométrica del proyecto y de la reconstrucción del modelo utilizando instrumentos de representación paramétrica, la investigación quiere demostrar cómo el empleo de estos instrumentos puede hacer visible un proceso al alcance sólo de algunos, también a diseñadores no especializados, que puedan controlar la complejidad sin ignorar los principios de eficiencia.
Memoria gráfica arquitectónica del Recinto Ferial de Albacete
Authors: Caro Gallego Cristina , Gutiérrez Moro María Elia
Published: November 2017

El conocimiento del patrimonio arquitectónico, base de su conservación y posible reutilización, precisa de una completa definición gráfica presente y pasada. Para ello, es imprescindible investigarlo mediante las herramientas propias de la disciplina: el dibujo y su construcción. Sin embargo, el estudio de los proyectos arquitectónicos, en ocasiones imprecisos, incompletos o extraviados, es insuficiente y hacen necesaria su interpretación a través de la información contenida en las fuentes disponibles. El trazado de su historia se construye, necesariamente, a través del delineado por etapas significativas. En esta investigación se define el método para elaborar la memoria gráfica arquitectónica de un edificio patrimonial a través de sus levantamientos, siguiendo el ejemplo del edificio del Recinto Ferial de Albacete. Asimismo, se expone como parte de los trabajos realizados dentro de la Tesis Doctoral presentada sobre el conjunto arquitectónico, pudiendo servir como modelo para situaciones afines.
La evolución y cambio del alzado de una vía principal durante el último siglo. Aplicación a un tramo de la Calle del Carmen de Cartagena
Authors: García León Josefina , Ros Torres Josefa , Vázquez Arenas Gemma , Montes Tubío Francisco de Paula
Published: November 2017

La calle del Carmen en la ciudad de Cartagena ha ido evolucionando desde el siglo xvi, siglo en el que se empezó a urbanizar, pero su mayor auge arquitectónico comenzó a finales del siglo xix. Tras los bombardeos de la guerra cantonal (1873) y la gran prosperidad promovida principalmente por la industria minera del siglo xix-xx hicieron que en la ciudad de Cartagena en general y la calle del Carmen en particular, proliferaran edificios de nueva construcción de diferente consideración. Se convirtió en una calle fundamental de la ciudad a principios del siglo xx, por su pujanza comercial y su belleza arquitectónica.

La evolución en el tiempo en esta calle, el envejecimiento de las edificaciones de factura más pobre y la guerra civil española, provocaron que edificios de la época de finales del siglo xix y principios del siglo xx, fueran derribados o quedaran en estado ruinoso, perdiendo la calle parte del aspecto de la época ecléctica y modernista.

Para poder recrear el alzado de un tramo de la calle a principios del siglo xx y compararlo con su estado actual, se ha realizado la documentación gráfica de detalle de todas las fachadas mediante fotogrametría digital de las edificaciones ya desaparecidas y mediante levantamiento por láser escáner de las fachadas en la actualidad. A partir de este análisis y comparación gráfica puede verse la evolución del alzado general de la calle del Carmen en un tramo de la misma.
An Evaluation of the Colors in Primary School English Textbook through Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Kasmaienezhad-Fard Sara , Sulaiman Tajularipin , Alwi Nor Hayati , Mohd Ayub Ahmad Fauzi
Published: November 2017

The Malaysian education system has transformed from the traditional to the modern, albeit keeping to textbooks as the main teaching material. Among the factors determining the quality of textbooks, color is an important one, especially in primary school textbooks. Suitably applied, it will enrich classroom instruction and aid the learning process. This research was designed to run in two phases, and the data collected were analyzed by SPSS software. In the first phase, the colors used in the pictures of Year-4 English textbook were evaluated. Next, the color preferences of 384 students in the fourth grade of national primary schools were collected. Data from the first phase show that out of 901 textbook pictures, 792, 733, and 412 respectively use primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Data from the second phase show the students highly interested in tertiary colors. The results of this study reveal important points for textbook quality improvement. Knowing what colors students like allows illustrators to consider age levels, not only when illustrating textbooks but also when creating pictures for other materials.
Genetyczne uwarunkowania
odczuwania bólu
Authors: Świtała Wojciech , Juszczyszyn Beata , Wierzchołowski Wojciech , Jurga Szymon , Pilchowska-Ujma Emilia
Published: November 2017

Ból jest elementem zmysłu czucia, stanowiącym równocześnie mechanizm obronny,
którego istotną rolą jest ograniczanie skutków urazu. Odczuwanie bólu jest zmienne i zależy od czynników
środowiskowych, rasy, pochodzenia etnicznego, materialnego poziomu życia, narażenia na stres. Zmienność
odczuwania bólu może być wyjaśniona przez czynniki genetyczne. Badania prowadzone na zwierzętach
i populacjach ludzi wykazały, że zmiany odczuwania bólu zależą od budowy struktur chromosomów, w których
zawarte są cechy ilościowe i charakterystyka polimorfizmów pojedynczych nukleotydów (SNP). Zmiany struktur
receptorów bólu, błon komórkowych neuronów, mediatorów synaptycznych, modulatorów bólu i receptorów
opioidowych może przyczyniać się do znaczących różnic w odczuwaniu bólu. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie
ostatnich dokonań w dziedzinie genetycznych uwarunkowań odczuwania bólu.
Zaparcie i poopioidowe zaburzenia
funkcji jelit – wciąż wyzwaniem
terapeutycznym
Authors: Graczyk Michał , Woroń Jarosław
Published: November 2017

Zaparcie jak i inne objawy z przewodu pokarmowego są dużym problemem u pacjentów
z chorobami przewlekłymi, szczególnie w opiece paliatywnej, gdzie w leczeniu objawowym często wybiera
się opioidy. Poopioidowe zaburzenia funkcji jelit (opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, OIBD) są konsekwencją
przewlekłego ich stosowania. Analgetyki opioidowe (AO) nie tylko wpływają na funkcje przewodu
pokarmowego dając liczne objawy, ale także wpływają na kontrolę bólu, zaburzenia odżywiania a ostatecznie
pogorszenie jakości życia. Odpowiednie podejście zarówno w zakresie profilaktyki jak i w leczeniu OIBD
mogą poprawić funkcjonowanie przewodu pokarmowego jak i samych chorych w ujęciu całościowym.
Do Infection Patterns of Human Papillomavirus Affect the Cytologic Detection of High-Grade Cervical Lesions on Papanicolaou Tests?
Authors: Samimi Siavash Azadmanesh , Mody Roxanne R. , Goodman Steven , Luna Eric , Armylagos Donna , Schwartz Mary R. , Mody Dina R. , Ge Yimin
Published: November 2017

Context.—

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the major cause of cervical cancer. The effect of HPV infection patterns on cytologic detection of cervical lesions is unknown.

Objective.—

To determine the effect of HPV infection patterns on the sensitivity of cytologic detection of high-grade cervical lesions.

Design.—

Papanicolaou tests from 257 women with biopsy-confirmed, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed with respect to HPV infection patterns.

Results.—

Among 257 biopsy-confirmed, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cases, the preceding cytology showed 20 cases (8%) were benign; 166 cases (65%) were low-grade cervical lesions, including atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; and 71 cases (28%) were high-grade cervical lesions, including atypical squamous cells cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (atypical squamous cell–high), atypical glandular cells, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. In 236 cases tested for HPV, those exhibiting low-grade cervical lesions on cytology were often associated with coinfections of mixed hrHPV genotypes (31 of 40; 78%) or non-16/18 hrHPV (75/103; 73%), compared with single-genotype infections of HPV-16 (33 of 62; 53%) or HPV-18 (2 of 6; 33%) (P = .001). In contrast, high-grade cervical lesion cytomorphology tended to associate with the single-genotype infection of HPV-16 (20 of 62; 32%) or HPV-18 (3 of 6; 50%), compared with non-16/18 hrHPV (25 of 103; 24%) or multigenotype infection (8 of 40; 20%) (P = .01).

Conclusions.—

Our findings suggest that multigenotypic or non-16/18 hrHPV infections often produce deceptive lower-grade cytomorphology, which could result in underdiagnosis and delay of treatment. The HPV infection patterns may offer unrecognized benefit beyond HPV genotyping and should be considered during clinical risk evaluation of women with lower-grade cytology.
COMPARAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS ESTATÍSTICAS PARA ANALISAR A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇAS RESPIRATÓRIAS E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE POLUENTES ATMOSFÉRICOS
Authors: Lazzari Angela Radünz
Published: November 2017

Air pollution is a risk factor for the population health. Its harmful effects on the population are observed even when the atmospheric pollutants are within the parameters set out in specific legislation, and they develop mainly through respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants and the incidence of respiratory diseases in the city of Porto Alegre, in 2005 and 2006. Applied multiple linear regression analysis, ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear models were used in the work. The results show good adjustment by the three techniques. The ordinal logistic regression detected only positive influence of air temperature and relative humidity in hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. Multiple linear regression related negatively hospitalizations with meteorological variables and positively with the particulate matter (PM10). The generalized linear model detected negative influence of meteorological variables and positive of pollutants, tropospheric ozone (O3) and PM10 in hospitalizations. Comparing the three statistical techniques to analyze the same data set, it can be concluded that all of them had a model with good fit to the data, but the technique of generalized linear models showed higher sensitivity in capturing the influence of pollutants, except in ordinal logistic regression and multiple linear regression.
Identificação anatômica do lenho de três esculturas do museu sacro de Santa Maria
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos
Published: November 2017

A análise microscópica do lenho das imagens de Nossa Senhora Missioneira, de Santo Antônio de Pádua e do Senhor dos Passos, conservadas no Museu Sacro de Santa Maria, comprova que as mesmas foram esculpidas em madeira de cedro (Cedrela fissilis Vell.), espécie nativa no sul do Brasil, demonstrando que as mesmas são de fatura americana, não européia. Entre os caracteres que levaram à identificação anatômica, salientam-se: parênquima em faixa marginal, com 3-10 células de largura; vasos com abundantes depósitos de óleo-resina; placas de perfuração simples; pontoações intervasculares alternas, poligonais e não ornamentadas; séries de parênquima axial com 2-6 células; raios heterogêneos, em sua maioria trisseriados, com células procumbentes e 1-3 fileiras marginais de células quadradas; e fibras libriformes não septadas, de paredes delgadas. Na identificação, destacam-se, ainda, a ausência de espessamentos espiralados em vasos e fibras, bem como de raios conspícuos, de estrutura estratificada e de células oleíferas.
Anatomia do lenho de Mimosa adpressa Hook. & Arn. (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: November 2017

A estrutura microscópica da madeira de Mimosa adpressa é descrita com base em material do Rio Grande do Sul, salientando-se os seguintes caracteres anatômicos: anéis de crescimento distintos; porosidade difusa; poros solitários e em múltiplos radiais; placas de perfuração simples; parênquima axial estratificado, em plano tangencial; raios heterogêneos e com até 4 células de largura, com células procumbentes, quadradas e eretas; e fibras libriformes não septadas.
Migration confers winter survival benefits in a partially migratory songbird
Authors: Zúñiga Daniel , Gager Yann , Kokko Hanna , Fudickar Adam Michael , Schmidt Andreas , Naef-Daenzer Beat , Wikelski Martin , Partecke Jesko
Published: November 2017

To evolve and to be maintained, seasonal migration, despite its risks, has to yield fitness benefits compared with year-round residency. Empirical data supporting this prediction have remained elusive in the bird literature. To test fitness related benefits of migration, we studied a partial migratory population of European blackbirds (Turdus merula) over 7 years. Using a combination of capture-mark-recapture and radio telemetry, we compared survival probabilities between migrants and residents estimated by multi-event survival models, showing that migrant blackbirds had 16% higher probability to survive the winter compared to residents. A subsequent modelling exercise revealed that residents should have 61.25% higher breeding success than migrants, to outweigh the survival costs of residency. Our results support theoretical models that migration should confer survival benefits to evolve, and thus provide empirical evidence to understand the evolution and maintenance of migration.
RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory formation
Authors: Nakayama Kei , Ohashi Rie , Shinoda Yo , Yamazaki Maya , Abe Manabu , Fujikawa Akihiro , Shigenobu Shuji , Futatsugi Akira , Noda Masaharu , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Furuichi Teiichi , Sakimura Kenji , Shiina Nobuyuki
Published: November 2017

Local regulation of synaptic efficacy is thought to be important for proper networking of neurons and memory formation. Dysregulation of global translation influences long-term memory in mice, but the relevance of the regulation specific for local translation by RNA granules remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate roles of RNG105/caprin1 in long-term memory formation. RNG105 deletion in mice impaired synaptic strength and structural plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, RNG105-deficient mice displayed unprecedentedly severe defects in long-term memory formation in spatial and contextual learning tasks. Genome-wide profiling of mRNA distribution in the hippocampus revealed an underlying mechanism: RNG105 deficiency impaired the asymmetric somato-dendritic localization of mRNAs. Particularly, RNG105 deficiency reduced the dendritic localization of mRNAs encoding regulators of AMPAR surface expression, which was consistent with attenuated homeostatic AMPAR scaling in dendrites and reduced synaptic strength. Thus, RNG105 has an essential role, as a key regulator of dendritic mRNA localization, in long-term memory formation.