bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Dexamethasone reduces podocyte injury through the PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: rRen Qi , Yu Shengyou , Zeng Huasong , Xia Huimin
Published: March 2021

Objective: To study the role of Akt and its downstream molecules in the PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, namely,GSK3β and Bad, in the Dexamethasone(DEX)-mediated regulation of PAN-induced glomerular podocyte injury and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of podocyte injury regulation. Methods: Glomerular podocytes (MPC5) were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: the control group, PTEN silencing group (siPTEN group), puromycin group (PAN group), and puromycin group + DEX group (PAN+ DEX group). The cells in each group were treated for 8h, 24h, and 48h, and then, the experiment was carried out. The cells in the control group were cultured in RPMI 1640 with 0.02% DMSO, the cells in the siPTEN group were used to construct a silencing kit, the podocytes in the PAN group were treated with puromycin (final concentration of 50μg/ml), and the podocytes in the DEX+PAN group were pretreated with 0.1μmol/L DEX followed by PAN (final concentration of 50μg/ml). An inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphological changes in the podocytes and the changes in the cell body area in each group, laser confocal microscopy was used to detect the expression and distribution of the PTEN protein, and flow cytometry was used to detect and analyze the apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential of each group of podocytes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the PTEN, P-Akt, Akt, P-GSK3β and GSK3β proteins in each group of podocytes, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in the morphology and structure of each group of podocytes. Results: After PAN was used to injure the podocytes, the expression of the PTEN protein decreased, the rate of apoptosis increased, and the flux of autophagy was inhibited. DEX treatment reversed the changes described above.After PAN was used to injure the podocytes, the expression of p-Ak and p-GSK3β decreased, and DEX reversed these effects on the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK3β in the podocytes. Compared with the control group, in the PAN group, the mitochondria gradually swelled and rounded, mitochondrial cristae arrangement became disordered, mitochondrial autophagy was inhibited; DEX reversed the changes described above after the PTEN gene was silenced. Conclusion: This study confirmed that PAN can inhibit podocyte autophagy and induce podocyte damage. DEX can reduce the PAN-induced suppression of podocyte autophagy, enhance podocyte autophagy, and ameliorate podocyte damage. The protective mechanism may be through the upregulation of PTEN expression, which is achieved by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Determinants and Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease on Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens: A Cohort Study in HIV-Infected Adults in South China
Authors: Liu Fang , Liu Hong , Chen Chen , Miao Liang-bin , Li Zhao-yi , Wang Yi , Wang Miao-chan , Huang Jin-song , Bao Jian-feng
Published: March 2021

Background: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) among Chinese HIV-1 infected patients starting with tenofovir (TDF)-based regimen.Methods: We enrolled in 797 TDF-initiated HIV-1-infected patients in a Chinese cohort. Kidney dysfunction were defined as stage 3 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up) and RKFD (eGFR decline > 10 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the average eGFR change per 48 weeks. A generalized estimating equation regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with renal dysfunction. The method of multiple imputation was used to reduce bias caused by missing data.Results: In this retrospective study, 14 (2%) patients experienced stage 3 CKD, and 272 (34%) individuals experienced RKFD during a median of 26 (IQR, 4-78; maximum 325) weeks follow-up period. The mean loss in eGFR per 48 weeks increased consistently over time, from -2.59 mL/min/1.73 m2 before 48 weeks to -17.61 mL/min/1.73 m2 after 288 weeks. For every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase of eGFR, the risk of RKFD increased by 29% (95%CI: 18%, 40%). Each 10 years older and every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher in baseline eGFR, the risk of stage 3 CKD increased to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.43) and decreased by 65% (95% CI: 48%, 76%), respectively. Anemia and higher viral load were significantly associated with RKFD. The results were robust across a range of multiple imputation analysis.Conclusions: TDF-associated CKD is rare in HIV-1 infected Chinese adults. Longer TDF-exposed patients are more likely to have renal dysfunction, especially those with older age, anemia, lower baseline eGFR and higher viral load.
Application of exchange transfusion in the treatment of hyperleukocytosis:a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wu Xiao-Ying , Xu HongMei , gan chuan
Published: March 2021

Background

Few reports have described the application of exchange transfusion in patients with hyperleukocytosis.
Methods

A retrospective clinical analysis of infants with exchange transfusion in the treatment of hyperleukocytosis was performed.
Results

A total of 13 patients were enrolled in the study.7 patients survived and 6 died after exchange transfusion.The incidence of pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, pertussis encephalopathy, Increased C-reactive protein, and increased PCT in the survival group were lower than those in the death group,The incidence of received Gamma globulin and received steroids were higher than those in the death group.The highest WBC count in the survival group was 74.15 ± 19.68*10^9/L, and in the death group patients was 86.29 ± 23.51*10^9/L.There were not significant differences two groups(P = 0.332). Decrease rate of WBC after the first ET in the survival group was significantly higher than that of the death group (P༜0.05). In the survival group, there were 5 patients (71.42%) which decrease rate of WBC after the first ET more than 50%, and the remaining 2 patients (28.58%) all exceeded 45%.In contrast, there was 1 patient which decrease rate of WBC exceeded 45% ,no patient exceed 50%. All patients with Decrease rate of WBC after the first ET exceed 50% survived. In the death group, there were 4 patients (66.67%) which N/L exceeded 1, 3patients (50%) which N/L exceeded 2. In the survival group, only 3 patients (42.85%) which N/L exceeded 1, but there was no patient which N/L exceed 2.
Conclusion

Exchange transfusion is an effective method to reduce WBC count. Patient with Decrease rate of WBC after the first ET exceed 50% were easier to survive. Patients with hyperleukocytoemia which N/L exceeding 2 predict death.
Effect of Family Stress on Life Satisfaction Among Female Workers During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: Exploring the Roles of Anxiety Symptoms and Age
Authors: Mei Songli , Yuan Tongshuang , Liang Leilei , Ren Hui , Hu Yueyang , Qin Zeying , Fei Junsong , Cao Ruilin , Li Chuanen , Hu Yuanchao
Published: March 2021

Background: High level of life satisfaction (LS) means an individual’s positive evaluation of life, bringing a happy and upward attitude towards life, which is beneficial to physical and mental health. However, The LS of a particular group such as female workers has not yet been fully explored. The present study aimed to investigate the level of LS among female workers after the resumption of work during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Jilin Province, China, and to further explore the potential mediating and moderating roles in the association between family stress and LS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August in 2020. A self-reported questionnaire including the background information, family stress, anxiety symptoms, and LS was used to collect information in this research. A total of 10,175 female workers completed questionnaires.Results: The results showed the LS score was 20.73±7.08. The family stress was negatively related to LS, and anxiety symptoms could partially mediate the effect of family stress on LS. Additionally, age moderated the relationship between family stress and LS, as well as the relationship between anxiety symptoms and LS.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the LS of female workers has declined due to the impact of the epidemic, and family stress impacted LS via anxiety symptoms. The effect of family stress on LS decreased as age increased. Overall, Interventions and preventions aiming to improve LS should thoroughly consider targeting these aspects and young female workers should be given special attention.
Improving the sensitivity of gastrointestinal helminths detection using the Mini-FLOTAC technique in wild birds
Authors: Lobos-Ovalle Dante , Navarrete Claudio , Navedo Juan G. , Peña-Espinoza Miguel , Verdugo Claudio
Published: March 2021

High-performance validated tests are essential for successful epidemiological monitoring, surveillance of parasitic infections, and comparative studies in wildlife populations. The Mini-FLOTAC is a novel flotation-based technique for the sensitive detection and quantification of gastrointestinal parasites that is recently being explored for use in wildlife. A limitation of any flotation-based copromicroscopic method is the selection of the flotation solution (FS), which might influence the performance of the test. However, no study has compared the influence of using different FS in the Mini-FLOTAC technique for parasite detection in wild birds. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Mini-FLOTAC in three waterbird host species using two widely used FS: saturated salt (NaCl; specific gravity 1.20) and saturated zinc sulfate (ZnSO4; specific gravity 1.35). One hundred fresh fecal samples were analyzed for parasite fecal egg counts (FEC). Regardless of the host species, fecal samples evaluated with the Mini-FLOTAC method using ZnSO4 resulted in a significantly higher detection rate and higher FEC of strongylid, capillarid, cestode, and trematode parasites, than samples analyzed with the NaCl solution. Our concise study demonstrated the importance of using an appropriate FS for the identification of parasite eggs in wildlife species, especially in hosts with an expected aggregated distribution and low parasite load such as waterbird hosts. The higher analytical sensitivity of the Mini-FLOTAC technique achieved with ZnSO4, and its applicability to fieldwork, highlights this method as a promising tool for the quantitative surveillance of parasite infections in wild bird populations.
Identifying Potential Novel Pathways and Therapeutic Targets of Major Depressive Disorder with Functional Genomics
Authors: Bao Kevin
Published: March 2021

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness and a leading cause of disability, but its pathophysiology remains to be completely elucidated. Resistance to traditional antidepressant treatment is highly prevalent within patient populations. Ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant that has shown success in treating resistant patients, is hypothesized to function by modulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. This has led to a paradigm shift from the monoaminergic hypothesis, towards a glutamate and neuroplasticity hypothesis, though this picture may still be incomplete. The purpose of this study is to identify novel systems potentially implicated in MDD and suggest potential therapeutic mechanisms.Methods: An integrative genomics and systems biology approach was used to identify genes and pathways that may be relevant to MDD. Starting with genes implicated in current, well-established paradigms, a correlation analysis was used to query publicly available microarray datasets to identify potential genes that may be relevant to MDD. Systems and pathways of interest were identified through functional enrichment. Through a manual review, genes of systems and pathways potentially relevant to MDD were used to generate a protein interaction network. Interesting genes identified from the network were functionally enriched and clustered to identify new high-level themes. Genes from the protein interaction network were then classified into sets based on different paradigms using functional annotations. Genes belonging to multiple sets – and thus being involved in multiple different paradigms relevant to MDD – were identified for future research.Results: The highest-ranked enrichment cluster contained GABAeric signaling, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and morphine addiction. Other interesting pathways identified were T cell receptor signaling, cocaine addiction, and nicotine addiction. Other broad themes identified in other clusters were calcium, serotonin, the immune system, TGF beta, glutamate, telomeres, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, the extracellular matrix, and DNA regulation. Potential genes of interest are listed in Chart 3.Conclusions: Throughout the study, interesting genes, groups of genes, and systems were identified manually and systematically, some of which validate existing literature and some give possible directions for future research. Further experiments are required to confirm causal links.
Active Learning and Competency Preconditioning: Strengthens Osteopathic Medical Student Performance, Physician Attributes and Competency Assessments.
Authors: Joshi Vivek , Younger Michael , Joshi Bhargavi
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The medical education has been reliant on didactic lectures which are predominantly teacher centered learning method. The competency based medical education was introduced in North America and with this came the paradigm shift in how schools conceptualize curriculum and measure the outcomes to learning. This new and modern approach started a change away from the traditional lecture based and teacher centered curriculum to more student centric by using various tools. The competency-based education is vastly regarded as an outcome-based approach to design, implement and evaluate the curriculum using widely accepted competencies. AACOM recommends seven core competencies with in which you have various indicators which address the student’s performances. The main purpose of this research is to utilize active learning tools to assess the competencies in the first year of medical school which will provide better academic outcome, physician who is knowledgeable and satisfies all the competencies as needed by the Licensure authority. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at medical school during the first semester of medical school and included 145 students. Various active learning tools like, team-based learning, quizzes, popup quizzes, case discussions were used to assess the competency in biochemistry and genetics course, and they were compared to questions based on concepts delivered by traditional lecture method. Results: The student’s performance on high stake examination after the active learning session on the content and concepts delivered and learnt had a statistically higher average percent point in the second, third and fourth examination. The average Diff (p) for second, third and fourth examination to the questions being considered for the study were (Diff p= 0.84, 0.83 and 0.92) with positive moderate correlation for second examination(r= 0.535) and strong positive correlation for third and fourth examination ( r=0.745 and r=0.856) with their final biochemistry grades. Conclusion: The study does not prove that active learning methods are the best way to deliver curriculum for competency based education system, but there are some positive and significant data that has emerged which does convince that these active learning methods may be better suited for providing and assessing the competencies .
Mehrheitsfähige Klimapolitik
Authors: Stocker Atila
Published: March 2021

Am 13. Januar 2020 hat das Bezirksgericht Lausanne ein aufsehenerregendes Urteil gefällt, indem es zwölf Klimaaktivisten, die in einer Credit-Suisse-Filiale Tennis gespielt hatten, in allen Anklagepunkten freigesprochen hat. Das Gericht wurde scharf dafür kritisiert, dass es einen rechtfertigenden Notstand (Art. 17 StGB) angenommen hat. Einige Autoren beliessen es jedoch nicht beider blossen Kritik, sondern brachten gleich eine alternative Begründung vor, um von der Bestrafung der Aktivisten abzusehen. Der Autor geht hier auf den Rechtfertigungs- bzw. Schuldausschlussgrund der Wahrung berechtigter Interessen ein, welcher von Marc Thommen und Jascha Mattmann ins Feld geführt wurde.
Population Genetic Structure of Ornate Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus hexodon) in Thailand
Authors: Verakiat Supmee  , Apirak Songrak  , Juthamas Suppapan  , Pradit Sangthong
Published: March 2021

Ornate threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon) is an economically important fishery species in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, N. hexodon decreased dramatically due to overexploitation for commercial purposes. To construct an effective sustainable management plan, genetic information is necessary. Thus, in our study, the population genetic structure and demographic history of N. hexodon were investigated using 419 bp of the mitochondrial DNA sequence in cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA COI). A total of 142 samples was collected from nine localities in the Gulf of Thailand (Chonburi, Samut Songkhram, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla), and the Andaman Sea (Satun, Trang, Krabi, Phang Nga). Fourteen polymorphic sites defined 18 haplotypes, revealing a high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity among nine localities. The AMOVA analysis, pairwise FST, and minimum spanning network result revealed that the genetic structure of N. hexodon was separated into two populations: the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea population. The genetic structure of N. hexodon can be explained by a disruption of gene flow from the geographic barrier and the Pleistocene isolation of the marine basin hypothesis. Neutrality tests, Bayesian skyline analysis, mismatch distribution, and the estimated values of population growth suggested that N. hexodon had experienced a population expansion. The genetic information would certainly help us gain insight into the population genetic structure of N. hexodon living on the coast of Thailand.
Investigation of the relationship between the diaphragm muscle relaxation therapy, voice emission and postural stability in amateur and professional singers of Academy of Music – preliminary study
Authors: Julia Ciuryk , Dominika Michalik , Katarzyna Hordyjewicz , Paweł Małecki , Grzegorz Frankowski , Maciej Kłaczyński , Małgorzata Kulesa Mrowiecka
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at presenting the impact of manual diaphragm relaxation therapy on the voice emission tested in an anechoic chamber and changes in the body posture during singing using the Zebris posturographic and pedobarographic platform. A pilot study on three cases has been conducted (patient 1 – male aged 21, student of the 2nd year of Academy of Music in Krakow, patient 2 – male aged 34, with more than 25 years of choral singing and advanced musical experience, patient 3 – female 24, with around 10 years of choral singing experience and primary musical school graduation). An original survey questionnaire was used, enabling determination the problematics associated with the profession of singer. A posturographic platform (Zebris) was used that revealed deviations during the scenic movement (by performing an appropriately developed repertoire). Subsequently, a voice emission examination was carried out in an anechoic chamber of the Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Science and Technology. Directly after the examination, the examined individual was subject to a manual therapy lasting several minutes. The applied fascial techniques for diaphragm consisted in the implementation of a prolonged stretching of the myofascial complex with the use of low load. After the therapy, testing with the use of the aforementioned methods was repeated. The present study refers to the impact of the diaphragm function on voice emission parameters. In the pilot study for patient 1 and 2, 15 voice emission parameters improved. The analysis of the above results showed the variability before and after the diaphragm relaxation therapy in parameters such as Fo, Jitt and Shim. In the examined case of patient 1 and 2, the value of the parameter Jitt decreased by almost half, while Shim decreased by about 40 % after the therapy. However, such changes were not observed for patient 3. It may be influenced by many factors, such as stress or worse disposition on the day of the examination. The presented preliminary study expands the knowledge on the function of the diaphragm and the awareness of the function of ventilatory muscles during singing, which may result in enhanced efficiency of working with voice. In the future it is planned the study on bigger group students of Academy of Music in Krakow with the control group.
Rational Managerial Decisions in Business Sector
Authors: Shumkin Evgeny
Published: March 2021

This article features managerial decisions in business area, where the state plays the role of an external regulator of public relations and the main influencer. The legal tools that affect decision-making in business depend on the social mechanisms of business regulations. The author describes the position of the rational regulator that evaluates the decisions made by a business entity. Positive law is an integral part of objective reality and is a set of codified principles of legally appropriate behavior. Imperative and dispositive regulations of public relations in business area imply that a business entity can choose a model of managerial and entrepreneurial behavior based on the rules provided by the legislator. The active role of the state as an external regulator of the social relations reflects the problem of dissonance between legal and social norms underlying managerial decision-making, which leads to additional economic and transaction costs. The paper also features the problem of frustration conflict between the regulator and the business environment in the context of applying the rationality proposed by the state in business activities and the problem of choosing the right managerial decision for its subjects. By refusing from a radical and negative assessment of the entrepreneur's management decisions, the state can solve this problem. The state needs to be more tolerant to business risks as an alternative rationality, without identifying them with deviant behavior. By preventing alienation of business from the state, one can eliminate the conflict between law and favorable climate in business area, i.e. maximal convergence of social and legal norms.
Legume tasters: symbiotic rhizobia host preference and smart inoculant formulations
Authors: Cangioli Lisa , Checcucci Alice , Mengoni Alessio , Fagorzi Camilla
Published: March 2021

Mutualistic interactions have great importance in ecology, with genetic information that takes shape through interactions within the symbiotic partners and between the partners and the environment. It is known that variation of the host-associated microbiome contributes to buffer adaptation challenges of the host’s physiology when facing varying environmental conditions. In agriculture, pivotal examples are symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, known to contribute greatly to host (legume plants) adaptation and host productivity. A holistic view of increasing crop yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is that of microbiome engineering, the exploitation of a host-associated microbiome through its rationally designed manipulation with synthetic microbial communities. However, several studies highlighted that the expression of the desired phenotype in the host resides in species-specific, even genotype-specific interactions between the symbiotic partners. Consequently, there is a need to dissect such an intimate level of interaction, aiming to identify the main genetic components in both partners playing a role in symbiotic differences/host preferences. In the present paper, while briefly reviewing the knowledge and the challenges in plant–microbe interaction and rhizobial studies, we aim to promote research on genotype x genotype interaction between rhizobia and host plants for a rational design of synthetic symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial communities to be used for sustainably improving leguminous plants yield.
Genetic individuality and interspecies altruism: modelling symbiogenesis using different types of symbiotic bacteria
Authors: Provorov Nikolay
Published: March 2021

In this minireview, we address the trade-off between biological altruism (group adaptation result-ing from the ability of an organism to improve the fitness of an associate at the expense of its own fitness) and symbiogenesis — the evolutionary pathway based on genetic integration of non-related species. We address symbiogenesis as a multi-stage process, which involves for-mation of superspecific hereditary systems — functionally integral symbiogenomes (under the facultative partners’ interactions) reorganized into the structurally integral hologenomes (in the obligatory symbioses). The best studied case of symbiogenesis is represented by the evolution of the eukaryotic cell based on transformation of symbiotic bacteria into cellular organelles. This evolution is associated with the deep reduction of microsymbionts’ genomes and with allocation of their genes into the hosts. As a result, microsymbionts lost their Genetic INdividuality (GIN), characterized by an ability to implement DNA- and RNA-based template syntheses required for genome maintenance and expression. Under facultative symbiotic dependence on hosts, the par-tial loss of GIN is due to a “symbiont → host” altruism which in the N2-fixing microbe–plant symbioses results in formation of non-reproducible bacterial forms (e.g., intracellular bacteroids in rhizobia or multiple heterocysts in Nostoc). If micro-symbionts lose their ability of autonomous existence (e.g., in the vertically transmitted intracellular symbionts), they are switched to the “forced altruism” in which the GIN reduction is required for the stable persistence of symbionts in hosts. Therefore, organellogenesis involves the sequential increase of the symbionts’ de-pendency on hosts: conditional → facultative → obligatory → absolute. It is associated with the reorganization of microbes into semi-autonomous cellular components, which may be completely devoid of their own genomes.
“La Revue Blanche”: The History of Illustrating
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Klyushina Elena V. , Glinternik Eleonora M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article reconstructs the illustrating history of “La Revue Blanche”, the leading French literary and artistic magazine of the fin de siècle epoch. Leaving out the analysis of literary content, the authors considers the petite revue through the prism of its most significant artistic achievements. In order to achieve this goal, a rather wide range of graphic artists who collaborated with “La Revue Blanche” at one time or another is outlined, and the conditional genre ranking of engravings published and distributed with the help of the journal is carried out. Based on the data obtained, a periodization of the short history of “La Revue Blanche” illustrating is proposed. The article attaches great importance to the stylistic and iconographic analysis of individual artworks. In the case of the ones by Vuillard, Roussel, and Bonnard, it is possible to put forward new semantic interpretations and emphasize the confessional nature of the prints created by the masters for the design of the journal’s frontispiece. In the article significant attention is given to the history of introducing the practice of publishing graphic literary portraits by Vallotton in “La Revue Blanche”, which at some point are forced to take on the utilitarian function of vignettes. Equally important is the review of the publication history of the independent illustrated supplement “NIB”, which, as is well known, has only had three issues. The authors see in “NIB”, at the same time, an artistic reincarnation of fumiste chatnoiresque satire, clearly close to Toulouse-Lautrec, Valloton and Bonnard, and a graphic revealing of the internal philosophical and aesthetic conflict that existed within the Nabis art group. In addition, the authors also describe the features of the Nathanson brothers’ publishing activity, emphasizing the direct dependence of the content of published products on the owners’ tastes.
Remarkable phosphate removal from saline solution by using a novel trimetallic oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Alimohammadi Mahsa , Ayati Bita
Published: March 2021

Phosphate removal is an important measure to control eutrophication in aquatic environments, as it inhibits algal bloom. Salinity exists in these media along with high phosphate and currently available phosphate removal methods function poorly under this condition. In this study, the main objective is to fabricate a nanocomposite to improve and accelerate phosphate removal from saline solutions. To achieve this goal, Fe3O4/ZnO and a novel nanoadsorbent, Fe3O4/ZnO/CuO, were synthesized. Their characteristics were determined using FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and XRD analyses, and their capability to adsorb phosphate from saline solutions was investigated and compared. The overall results suggest that the trimetallic oxide nanocomposite has great potential for the efficient removal of phosphate, in comparison with Fe3O4/ZnO. Experiments showed that Fe3O4/ZnO/CuO exhibited a remarkable sorption capacity of 156.35 mg P/g, fast sorption kinetic, strong selectivity for phosphate even in the presence of a high concentration of salinity (60 mg/L), and a wide applicable pH range of 3–6. Furthermore, using Fe3O4/ZnO/CuO, even a low dosage of 0.1 g/L was sufficient to reach an adsorption efficiency of 96.13% within 15 min compared to Fe3O4/ZnO (80.47% within 30 min). Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the experimental adsorption data for both nanocomposites.
Indicator-based rural water service sustainability assessment: a review
Authors: Dang Mvongo Victor , Defo Célestin , Tchoffo Martin
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on the sustainability indices of rural water services in order to identify gaps in knowledge. The methodological approach used was to conduct online searches using the databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, the International Water Association, and ResearchGate. Several indices have been identified in the literature including the Canadian Water Sustainability Index, Index of Drinking Water Adequacy, the Sustainable Water Governance Index, equity index in water and sanitation, WASH performance Index, Sustainable Water Management Index, and Index of water service quality. However, these indices do not provide an integrative, contextualized and prospective analysis of the sustainability of water services. In addition, these indices select only a few evaluation criteria deemed relevant. In other words, these indices choose to make visible certain phenomena and therefore make others invisible, according to the logic of action of each and to certain social compromises. These difficulties therefore encourage the development of a new index to provide an integrative, contextualized and prospective analysis of the sustainability of rural water services.
Unwanted mainstream nitritation–denitritation causing massive N2O emissions in a continuous activated sludge process
Authors: Kuokkanen A. , Blomberg K. , Mikola A. , Heinonen M.
Published: March 2021

Nitrous oxide emissions can contribute significantly to the carbon footprint of municipal wastewater treatment plants even though emissions from conventional nitrogen removal processes are assumed to be moderate. An increased risk for high emissions can occur in connection with process disturbances and nitrite (NO2−) accumulation. This work describes the findings at a large municipal wastewater treatment plant where the levels of NO2− in the activated sludge process effluent were spontaneously and strongly increased on several activated sludge lines which was suspected to be due to shortcut nitrogen removal that stabilized for several months. The high NO2− levels were linked to a dramatic increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. As much as over 20% of the daily influent nitrogen load was emitted as N2O. These observations indicate that highly increased NO2− levels can occur in conventional activated sludge processes and result in high nitrous oxide emissions. They also raise questions concerning the risk of increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the nitritation–denitritation processes – although the uncontrolled nature of the event described here must be taken into consideration – and underline the importance of continuous monitoring and control of N2O emissions.
Nauczanie papieża Franciszka o synodalności w kontekście współczesnej refleksji teologicznej i ekumenicznej
Authors: Bujak Janusz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł podejmuje temat eklezjologii Kościoła lokalnego i synodalności. Oba tematy są obecne w teologii katolickiej od czasów Soboru Watykańskiego, który położył fundament pod eklezjologię Kościoła lokalnego/partykularnego, kolegialność biskupów i synodalność. Eklezjologia ta w okresie posoborowym została rozwinięta zarówno na płaszczyźnie teoretycznej jak i praktycznej, nie brakuje jednak teologów, którzy uważają, że w czasie pontyfikatu Jana Pawła II nastąpił powrót do eklezjologii uniwersalistycznej, o czym miałyby świadczyć dokumenty publikowane przez Kurię Rzymską, a zwłaszcza Communionis notio.Nauczanie papieża Franciszka na temat synodalności i konieczności wzmocnienia Kościoła na poziomie lokalnym i regionalnym wychodzi naprzeciw postulatom tych teologów, którzy uważają, że III rozdział Konstytucji Lumen gentium nie został dotąd we właściwy sposób wprowadzony w życie. Papież Franciszek podkreśla bowiem, że synodalność, to konstytutywny wymiar Kościoła, dlatego to, czego domaga się od nas Pan, w pewnym sensie jest już w całości zawarte w słowie „synod”.
Tratamentos pré-germinativos para a superação de dormência em sementes de Adenanthera pavonina L.
Authors: Cléia Almeida Oliveira  , Bruno Aurélio Campos Aguiar  , Rhonan Martins de  Sousa  , Renato de Almeida Sarmento  , Danival José de  Souza  , Priscila Bezerra de Souza
Published: March 2021

Adenanthera pavonina L. é uma espécie arbórea com importância comercial por fornecer madeira de qualidade para construção, sendo também utilizada emreflorestamentos, preservação permanente e arborização urbana. Suas sementes são usadas em peças artesanais e medicamentos fitoterápicos. Diante da importância, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos, com vistas a identificar o mais indicado para a superação de dormência das sementes. Os tratamentos pré-germinativos testados foram: T1: testemunha, T2: escarificação mecânica com lixa n.º 80 por 20 segundos na região oposta ao hilo, T3: escarificação mecânica com lixa n.º 80 por 20 segundos na região oposta ao hilo + 20 min de embebição em água, T4: desponte com alicate na região oposta ao hilo, T5: desponte com alicate na região oposta ao hilo + 20 min de embebição em água. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de velocidade de emergência, porcentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, coeficiente de velocidade de germinação e velocidade média de germinação. Os tratamentos com escarificação e desponte não diferiram entre si estatisticamente, mas produziram resultados superiores quando comparados à testemunha, comprovando a importância e a eficácia do uso de mecanismos para superação de dormência de Adenanthera pavonina L.
Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) collected in orchards in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Débora Ferreira Melo Fragoso  , Luis Moreira de Araujo Junior  , José Romário de Carvalho  , Dori Edson Nava  , Alixelhe Pacheco Damascena  , Dirceu Pratissol
Published: March 2021

A coleta e a identificação do parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) consistem no primeiro passo para umaaplicação bem sucedida em campo. Isso porque, em um programa de controle biológico, é necessário selecionar as espécies de parasitoides mais adaptadasàs condições de cultivo e climáticas da região onde serão utilizadas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi coletar Trichogramma em pomares no estado do RioGrande do Sul, visando identificá-lo ao nível das espécies pelo método morfológico e caracterizá-lo pelo método molecular da região ITS2 (espaço interno transcrito) de rDNA (ácido desoxirribonucleico ribossomal). A coleta foi realizada com armadilhas confeccionadas com tecido micro-tule, distribuídas aleatoriamente em pomares. A captura ocorreu em todos os pontos de coleta. A identificação resultou em Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) para todas as coletas. Os fragmentos de DNA presentes no gel de agarose estavam em torno de 500 pb.
Morphometry of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Vitex megapotamica (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Josiane  Otalakosk  , Jacqueline Barcelos da Silva  , Mariana Salbego Franco  , Marina Andressa de Araújo e Silva  , Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues  , Andréia da Silva Almeida  , Lilian Vanussa Madruga de Tunes
Published: March 2021

The present study evaluated the morphology and biometry of tarumã fruits and seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas and the fruits were collected in two matrices located in Quedas do Iguaçu – Paraná, in March 2018. The length, width and thickness of fruits and seeds were determined using a digital caliper. For biometric assessments, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient and the amplitude of the values obtained were calculated. The seed germination process started in approximately 32 days. Throughout the hypocotyl, a color transition was verified. It was observed that the values of length and width of the fruits varied from 15 to 22 mm and 12 to 18 mm, respectively. Regarding the biometry of the seeds, it can be verified that the length, width and thickness of the seeds varied from 5 to 13 mm, 4 to 10 mm and 3 to 7 mm, respectively. As for morphology, it was identified that the species has germination of the epigeal type with protected cotyledon seedlings (phanerocotyledons).
Germinação e superação de dormência de diásporos de Tectona grandis L.f.
Authors: Thiago Gomes Andrade  , Thaynan Gomes Andrade  , Bruno Aurélio Campos Aguiar  , Priscila Bezerra de Souza  , André Ferreira dos Santos
Published: March 2021

Tectona grandis L.f. (teca) é uma espécie florestal exótica de importância econômica e social para o Brasil. As sementes de teca encontram-se inseridas em frutos que apresentam endocarpo e mesocarpo duros de alta resistência, produzindo uma germinação lenta e irregular das sementes, o que constitui uma limitação para a produção de mudas de teca. Os métodos que vêm sendo utilizados para superar a dormência produzem germinação lenta e irregular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos de superação da dormência nos diásporos de teca, a fim de verificar a viabilidade dos métodos na uniformização da germinação das sementes de teca. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco métodos de quebra de dormência, em dois substratos diferentes, um somente de areia lavada e o outro de areia + terra orgânica, onde formam 10 tratamentos, 2repetições e 50 diásporos por repetição. O tratamento testemunha (T6) em areia + terra orgânica foi o procedimento que apresentou, nos diásporos, um percentual de germinação de 65% e um índice de velocidade de germinação de 1,40, valores superiores aos encontrados nos tratamentos pré-germinativos que foram utilizados.
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings
Authors: Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa  , Victor Gustavo Cunha Alves  , Larissa Escalfi Tristão  , Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo
Published: March 2021

Brazil is considered the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, the main raw material for the production of ethanol and sugar. The objective was to evaluatethe effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane varieties in the production of pre-sprouted seedlings. An experiment was carried out in acompletely randomized design, in a double factorial 4x2, with four varieties of cane: IACSP95-5000; IAC91-1099; IACSP95-5094 and IACSP97-4039 which interactedwith and without the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the substrate, with 20 repetitions, totaling 160 experimental units. The use of the mycorrhizal fungi cocktail provided changes in the initial development of the varieties IACSP97-4039, IACSP95-5094 and IACSP95-5000. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the parameters of the leaf area, the weight of the root dry matter, the adaxial epidermal thickness, the abaxial epidermal thickness, the phloem diameter  and the mesophyll thickness.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Influence of Comorbidities
Authors: Wang Ying , Emre Ceren , Gyllenhammar-Schill Helena , Fjellman Karin , Eyjolfsdottir Helga , Eriksdotter Maria , Schultzberg Marianne , Hjorth Erik
Published: March 2021

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops into dementia after several years, and
subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are used as intermediary
diagnoses of increasing severity. Inflammation is an important part of AD pathology and provides
potential novel biomarkers and treatment targets.

Objective:

To identify novel potential biomarkers of AD in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and create a molecular
pattern of inflammatory factors providing differentiation between AD and SCI.

Methods:

We analyzed 43 inflammatory-related mediators in CSF samples from a cohort of SCI and
AD cases vetted for confounding factors (Training cohort). Using multivariate analysis (MVA), a
model for discrimination between SCI and AD was produced, which we then applied to a larger nonvetted
cohort (named Test cohort). The data were analyzed for factors showing differences between
diagnostic groups and factors that differed between the vetted and non-vetted cohorts. The relationship
of the factors to the agreement between model and clinical diagnosis was investigated.

Results:

A good MVA model able to discriminate AD from SCI without including tangle and plaque
biomarkers was produced from the Training cohort. The model showed 50% agreement with clinical
diagnosis in the Test cohort. Comparison of the cohorts indicated different patterns of factors distinguishing
SCI from AD. As an example, soluble interleukin (IL)-6Rα showed lower levels in AD cases
in the Training cohort, whereas placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels
were higher in AD cases of the Test cohort. The levels of p-tau were also higher in the Training cohort.

Conclusion:

This study provides new knowledge regarding the involvement of inflammation in AD by
indicating different patterns of factors in CSF depending on whether potential confounding comorbidities
are present or not, and presents sIL-6Rα as a potential new biomarker for improved diagnosis of
AD.
Contribuições do Projeto Interação para a abordagem educativa do patrimônio cultural
Authors: Demarchi João Lorandi
Published: March 2021

With the transformations that took place in cultural policy in Brazil since the 2000s, the field of heritage education has been democratized. In this process, inspiring experiences were sought in the history of the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN, in Portuguese) for the new performance. Thus, the Projeto Interação entre a Educação Básica e os Diferentes Contextos Culturais Existentes no País (1982-1986) — Interaction Project between Basic Education and the Different Cultural Contexts Existing in the Country (1982-1986) — was valued as an example for rethinking educational practices with cultural references. However, this appropriation of the Projeto Interação was limited to the memories of the remaining IPHAN professionals who worked at the agency in the 1980s. This article seeks to overcome the absence of systematic studies presenting the research done in the Central Archive of Brasília and demonstrating how the principles of Interação are currently present at IPHAN.
Quando a rua é a sala de aula: potencialidades da Educação Patrimonial para o desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico
Authors: Lima Carollina Carvalho Ramos de , Magalhães Alcides Santos de
Published: March 2021

The present article discusses the results of a pedagogical intervention carried out in a Centro Juvenil de Ciência e Cultura (Youth Science and Culture Center), located in central Salvador. The project, entitled História.Doc, involved 14 students, aged 15 to 22, and was carried out over three months, during the second semester of 2019. From the approach of two research fields, Historical Education and Heritage Education, the objective of the project was to develop historical literacy focused on the interpretation of heritage sources and discuss ways of preserving cultural assets to qualify students for the full exercise of citizenship. Throughout the process, we collect data through questionnaires and observation records that are analyzed in this text based on the notion of historical consciousness.
O teatro e a censura. A censura ao teatro. Desafios
Authors: Loureiro Olímpia
Published: March 2021

Regarding scenic art, the Portuguese censorship of the XVIII century was divorced from the possible authors and the public, trying to promote a form of spectacle and morals unintelligible to the eyes of both parties. This, when an idea was already certain — the usefulness of dramatic art as a mean of instruction and reaching the theater as a space of expression for a large popular audience. Between the most fragile of the social scale, only the most affluent, with average resources and even those obliged to make specific sacrifices, had the opportunity to attend a performance.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF UNTREATED PSYCHOSIS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS USING MODIFIED SCORS (SCHIZOPHRENIA COGNITION RATING SCALE) IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS IN SAIFUL ANWAR GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors:   Department Psychiatry Brawijaya University, Yudhantara Dearisa , Muliawati Laksmi ,   Medical Faculty Brawijaya University, Afif Zamroni ,   Neurology Department Brawijaya University
Published: March 2021

Mental health is a significant health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Lack of understanding and concern for the community, limitations and unequal distribution of mental health service provider also contribute to obstacles to increase public understanding and concern for mental health. This problem will give an impact on the difficulty of patients in accessing care and treatment. The emergence of the phenomenon of Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) or untreated psychosis in society contributes to the worsening of the disease course of schizophrenic patients. One of the main clinical manifestations seen in schizophrenic patients is a decline in cognitive function. SCoRS is present as an easy and effective instrument in quantitatively measuring cognitive function. In the study used a modified SCoRS instrument that was more adapted to Indonesian’s culture. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and cognitive function using modified SCoRS, especially in schizophrenic patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital. The research method used observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. Selection of research subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then do the appropriate history taking and psychiatric examination. Correlation analysis using Spearman to determine the relationship of variable duration of psychosis without therapy and cognitive function assessed using SCoRS modification (p <0.05). The results prove that there is a significant relationship between the variable duration of therapy without therapy and cognitive function variables assessed using SCoRS modification with a weak correlation level (correlation coefficient 0.340).