bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swine Production: Probiotics as an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Cardelle-Cobas Alejandra , Coy-Girón Lucía , Cepeda Alberto , Nebot Carolina
Published: November 2022

Animal food production is one of the most powerful European economic sectors; however, this sector is facing new challenge due to the development of bacteria with resistant genes, and consequently, restriction on the administration of antibiotics. Limitation, at the moment, is focused on those antibiotics employed in human medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to improve as much as possible animals’ health and reduce diseases. Among others, alternatives include adequate animal handling, hygienic facilities, quality food, or vaccines. Probiotics also arise as a good alternative due to their already known properties as intestinal microbiota modulators, improving the immune functions and reducing the risk and the development of illness. Significant data can found scientific literature that demonstrates probiotics benefits when they are administrated to the animals through diet. However, to be able to apply all these findings in a specific animal species, at a particular production animal life stage and at a industrialize scale, it is necessary to compile and organize reported information. This chapter presents the most recent and relevant finding on the use of probiotics in swine production.
High-Temperature Operating Narrow-Period Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Designs
Authors: Wang Li , Hirayama Hideki
Published: November 2022

Presently, terahertz quantum cascade lasers still suffer from operations below room temperature, which prohibits extensive applications in terahertz spectra. The past continuous contributions to improving the operating temperatures were by clarifying the main thermal degradation process and proposing different designs with the optical gain demonstrating higher temperature cut-offs. Recent designs have attempted to employ a narrow period length with a simplified and clean state system, and reach renewed operating temperatures above 200 K. This study reveals how historic designs approach such narrow-period designs, discus the limitations within those designs, and show further possible designs for higher operating temperatures.
Erythrocytes as Messengers for Information and Energy Exchange between Cells
Authors: Johansson Erland , B. Falk Anders
Published: November 2022

Evolution has created a hierarchy of systems for information and energy using different cells according to messages generated from DNA, RNA, and other sources. Erythrocytes are formed in high speed at about 2 × 106/s to balance dying or not working erythrocytes to maintain optimal energy and information transfer. Important information is handled by nucleotides and distribution of metal ions and phosphates when starting synthesis process. Handling of these processes needs kinases known to be magnesium-dependent. Oxygen delivered by erythrocytes is used by other cells to synthesize ATP and to increase reaction capacity. Complex signals to bone marrow balance erythroblasts before developing into reticulocytes and erythrocytes. We discuss some aspects of erythrocyte communication with other cells of the body with special focus on magnesium and selenium in this process.
Arousing Public Attention on Sea Level Rise in New Zealand through Art-Science Collaboration
Authors: Donkers Laura
Published: November 2022

In New Zealand, climate scientists predict that climate change-induced sea level rise will have an earlier and greater impact on coastal communities than previously anticipated. In Auckland, the “City of Sails,” Aucklanders’ prize the opportunity to sail on the ocean and live near the beach. However, in 2019 Auckland Council released information that by 2060, a projected increase of 50 cm sea level rise would inundate the homes of 43,000 citizens. If citizens are to safeguard their lifestyles, they need to make effective decisions about how and where they choose to live. While artists are not often qualified to disseminate scientific knowledge, they are able to offer artistic comprehension through aesthetic intelligence, experientiality, and the creation of mental imagery. Building on this position, this chapter explores how an art-science exhibition, Blue Radius, deployed a range of sensorial, emotional, and scientific perspectives to imaginatively engage citizens with the phenomena of climate change-induced sea level rise and present relevant scientific information to assist citizens develop informed decision-making skills.
Three-Dimensional Microstrip Antennas for Uniform Phase Response or Wide-Angular Coverage GPS Applications
Authors: G. Clark Ken , M. Tranquilla Jim , M. Al-Rizzo Hussain
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, three-dimensional microstrip antennas operating in the dominant TM10 mode of the L1 band at 1.57542 GHz are presented, which either provide uniform phase response and stable phase center, or wide angular beam coverage. A Finite-Difference Time-domain scheme has been developed and used to elucidate the interplay between the proposed antennas and several ground plane configurations. Experimental results are presented and compared to simulations to illustrate the impact of several 3-D geometries on the phase response, phase center, half power beam width, gain, and polarization purity. We report for the first-time novel three-dimensional microstrip antenna topologies for precise surveying applications by fostering a nearly uniform phase response when the 3D structure is bent by angles ranging from 15° to 30° without significantly compromising the gain and polarization performance of the equivalent flat patch antenna. The proposed antennas exhibit half-power-beamwidths up to 40 and 80% greater than the equivalent flat structure that can be realized if positioned downward and upward respectively, for bend angles above 45° accompanied with a variety of spatial coverage patterns to suit applications involving highly dynamic platforms.
Alpha-Glutamyl-Tryptophan in the Treatment of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis, Associated with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: P. Uspensky Yury , V. Baryshnikova Natalia , A. Fominykh Yulia , A. Krasnov Alexey , V. Petlenko Sergey , A. Apryatina Vera
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the effectiveness of alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan as a cytoprotector in comparison with the control group (placebo) as part of the complex therapy of chronic atrophic H. pylori (HP)-associated gastritis. A total of 121 patients with chronic atrophic HP-associated gastritis were observed in 3 research centers. Before and after treatment blood test “Gastropanel”, stomach endoscopy with biopsies of atrophied mucosa for histological examination, rapid urease test for H. pylori detection, and daily pH-metry were performed. After HP eradication, according to randomization, the study drug (n = 61) or placebo (n = 60) was administered twice a day, in the morning 20–30 minutes before meals and in the evening before bedtime for 28 days. Alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan intake is associated with a statistically significant increase in acidity index according to pH-metry (p = 0.001), an increase in the ratio of pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II (p = 0.003), decrease in the level of gastrin-17 (p = 0.005), increase in the number of glands per 1 mm2 of the gastric mucosa (р = 0.028). Alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in the treatment of chronic atrophic HP-associated gastritis has a superior regenerative effect compared with placebo, and promotes the restoration of acid-forming and pepsin-forming functions of the stomach.
Genetic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism Related with Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Dilruba Aslanger Ayça
Published: November 2022

Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (phosphate, HPO4), and magnesium (Mg) are essential nutrients that are critical for the structural integrity and functions of the body. Therefore, disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism lead to serious and even life-threatening consequences such as skeletal and cardiovascular morbidity. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) hormones are the main hormones that are responsible for regulating the calcium and phosphorus level in the blood. Hypoparathyroidism is due to insufficient circulating parathyroid hormone levels characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Besides being an isolated condition or a component of a complex syndrome, the causes of hypoparathyroidism are rarely genetic. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder that results in excessive, uncontrolled production of parathyroid hormone. Rarely, primary hyperparathyroidism caused by genetic disorders is associated with an inherited familial germline mutation syndrome such as familial isolated hyperparathyroidism and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and type 2A. Although genetic disorders are not the most common cause of hyper/hypoparathyroidism, molecular analyses have identified an increasing number of genes that cause loss or gain of function of genes related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Amartya Sen and the Capabilities versus Happiness Debate: An Aristotelian Perspective
Authors: Burns Tony
Published: November 2022

This chapter discusses Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach to human development from the standpoint of the concept of happiness. It locates Sen’s work against the background of the recent capabilities versus happiness debate. Sen’s version of the capabilities approach is commonly regarded as a critique of the happiness approach to development ethics. It is sometimes assumed that he attaches no importance at all to the value of happiness. I argue that this view misrepresents what Sen has to say about the value of happiness in his writings. A distinctive feature of Sen’s views on this subject is that he agrees with the view that happiness is nothing more than subjective mental state and rejects the idea of objective happiness. This distinguishes his version of the capabilities approach from the ethical eudaimonism of both Aristotle and John Stuart Mill. The chapter concludes by suggesting that Sen could and should have taken this idea more seriously than he does.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Presenting as a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Kheradmand Ali , Safarzadeh Hannaneh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Numerous autoimmune disorders accompany with psychosis. The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disease with no reports about its concomitance with psychosis so far. Case Presentation: We report the co-occurrence of schizophrenic spectrum diseases with VKH for the first time. They have common manifestations such as aggression, agitation, and self-talking, subsiding after chemotherapy. Workup evaluation was performed by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), lumbar puncture (LP) study, IQ test, lab tests for hepatitis and other infections, and retinal angiography and sonography. The patient underwent corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, risperidone, propranolol, and trihexyphenidyl. Conclusions: Our results showed the significant role of autoimmunity in the genesis of psychosis. On the other hand, unusual manifestations and slow response to treatment in these patients show that autoimmune disorders with psychosis may worsen the prognosis of psychosis.
Molecular Study of STin2 (Intron 2) Variant of the SLC6A4 Gene in Children and Adolescents with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Amiri Shahrokh , Asadian Mahan , Shekari Khaniani Mahmoud , Mansouri Derakhshan Sima , Pourhossein Rahmani Negar , Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza , Mehdizadeh Fanid Leila
Published: November 2022

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most familiar childhood psychiatric disorders. Various molecular genetic reviews indicate that genes are crucial in susceptibility to ADHD. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has polymorphisms that correlate with ADHD. The association between ADHD and SLC6A4 gene variants in the Iranian population has not been investigated yet. Objectives: This study analyzed the STin2 (intron 2) variant of the SLC6A4 gene in Iranian children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 86 ADHD patients and 99 healthy volunteers aged five to 14 were enrolled as the case and control groups, respectively. The STin2 (intron2) fragment of the SLC6A4 gene was amplified using specific primers by conventional PCR, and three STin2 alleles of the SLC6A4 gene (STin2.9, STin2.10, and STin2.12) were examined using the acrylamide gel method. Results: We found no significant difference between the ADHD and control groups in STin2.9 (34.9% vs. 39.4%, P-value = 0.824), STin2.10 (29.1% vs. 23.2%, P-value = 1.354), and STin2.12 (36% vs. 36.4%, P-value = 0.986) variants. Conclusions: There was no association between the frequency of STin2 variant alleles of the SLC6A4 gene and ADHD, but in the study of risk estimation, allele 10 of this variant was a risk allele in ADHD patients.
Co rozumět nezbytnou loajalitou?
Authors: Josková Lucie
Published: November 2022

The Czech Civil Code as well as the Business Corporations Act stipulate that a member of an elected body is obliged to act with necessary loyalty. This contribution deals with the question of how the adjective “necessary” should be understood and whether there are different levels of loyalty. In general, administrators of matters of others are able to interfere in the sphere of entitled persons in various ways and the disclosure of the entitled person´s sphere of interest determines the intensity (content) of the duty of loyalty. Members of elected bodies of business corporations are able to affect interests of business corporation fundamentally and therefore their duty of loyalty is very intensive. Nevertheless, there are considerable differences which are reflected (inter alia) in the intensity (content) of duty of loyalty. A member of an elected body must never enrich himself at the expense of the business corporation.
Soutěžní právo, podnik jako subjekt nebo objekt
Authors: Pelikánová Irena
Published: November 2022

This article attempts to explain the concept of “undertaking” in European law, especially in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. The problem is whether an undertaking should be considered a subject (person) or an object in EU Competition law. My contention is that the Court of Justice confuses these concepts. On the one hand it alleges that only enterprises are subjects but on other hand, it examines the responsibility of the parent company and its subsidiaries inside an enterprise. Companies are the exclusive addressees of the Commission‘s Decisions. The second problem examined concerns decisions imposing joint and several liability for fines on companies inside a liable enterprise. The Court has refused to rule on the division of fines stating that this is the exclusive competence of the national judge. However, national courts have raised many questions regarding competence and applicable law. This contribution also considers the Advocate General’s Opinion in Sumal, in which he states that although the Commission is free to decide who will pay the fine when an enterprise is sanctioned, in the framework of civil responsibility litigation, the national judge can decide that a company not designated in the Commission decision is liable. The judgement Sumal follows the Opinion. My article concludes by raising some theoretical questions relating to the topic.
Všeobecná úprava právnických osôb a právo obchodných společnosti
Authors: Csach Kristián
Published: November 2022

The different legal forms of private law legal persons have developed side by side. Changes in the way legal persons are used as well as the possibility of derogatory regulation have led to the overlapping of legal person forms. This has also led multiple countries to develop a general regulation of corporate law, which draws heavily on the experience of company law. The paper builds on Josef Bejček’s reflections on commercial law without the Commercial Code and on the interconnection of civil and commercial law perspectives regarding a fundamental part of commercial law. It outlines the arguments in favour of a general regulation of law of legal entities but also its limits, using the example of corporate membership. It seeks to defend the conclusion that neither the possible generalisation of corporate rules into general corporate law nor the possibility of analogous application of the rules of one legal form to another legal form are a threat to company law.
MAKNA RUGI BAGI PETANI JAGUNG (Studi pada Masyarakat Desa Pongongaila, Kec. Pulubala, Kab. Gorontalo)
Authors: Abdullah Mei
Published: November 2022

Rugi ataupun untung adalah masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh petani dalam menjalankan usaha pertanian. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dalam mengeksplorasi perilaku petani jagung  Dusun Tumba,  Desa Pongongaila, Kecamatan Pulubala, Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam menghadapi kerugian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para petani ketika dihadapkan pada kerugian usaha adalah Memahami laba dan rugi dengan benar, menekan biaya dan meningkatkan skill, berupaya berinvestasi tanpa hutang, tawakkal dan inropeksi diri.
Al-Maqashid Syariah Performance in Islamic Bank
Authors: Anggrayni Lilly
Published: November 2022

This study is aim to examined the effect of maqashid syariah performance. This study employed Maqashid Syariah Index  and content analysis as the method of analysis. The Islamic Banks usually employed the conventional yardstick in measuring the IBs performance and firm value. Otherwise, this yardstick is not fit with the condition of IBs. Therefore this study suggests the usage of the IMSPM as the tool measurement of IBs performance, that more complete than the conventional yardstick. This study had important contribution for practitioners of IBs and also Islamic accounting researchers.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN VALUE FOR MONEY PADA SATUAN KERJA IAIN SULTAN AMAI GORONTALO PERIODE TAHUN 2019-2021
Authors: Pettasolong Najma , Gobel Yulia , Kurniawan Arafah
Published: November 2022

This study aims to measure the financial performance of the IAIN Sutan Amai Gorontalo work unit, using the Value For Money approach by analyzing the 2019 to 2020 Budget Realization Report. The method used is descriptive qualitative using a comparative value based on value for money by calculating the economic value, effectiveness value and Efficiency value. The data was obtained through a document study in the form of secondary data reports on the realization of the 2019 to 2020 budget. each economic value < 100, Effectiveness value > 100 and Efficient value > 100, so it is said that the budget realization report of IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo for 2019, 2020 and 2021 meets the elements of being economical, efficient and effective.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Bigbook terhadap Kemampuan Menyimak Anak TK Al-Wathaniyah Kecamatan Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Kuku Alfasana , Arsyad Lukman
Published: November 2022

Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam mengenai pengaruh media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak pada kelompok A TK Al- wathaniyah kecamatan kota timur kota gorontalo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 18 sehingga penelitian ini dikatakan sebagai penelitian populasi. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan observasi, angket, tes dan dokumentasi, dan jenis analisis data menggunakan tahapan SPSS 16. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian uji t menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran bigbook memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak yaitu sebesar 95% dan di peroleh thitung = -23.252 dan nilai sig.(2-tailed) = 0.000. Sebab Nilai signifikannya 0.000 < 0.005 maka H0 di  tolak dan Hi diterima. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran bigbook berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Dari penelitian ini guru dapat mengetahui  seberapa besar pengaruh pemberian media pembelajaran bigbook terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak. Sehingga diharapkan kepada guru lebih kreatif memilih media yang digunakan sehingga peserta didik lebih bersemangat untuk menerima pelajaran.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Kerja Sama Anak Usia Dini melalui Metode Bermain Kooperatif di kelompok B TK Mekar Sari Desa Potanga Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Dai Kasmin , Utina Sitriah Salim
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini membahas penggunaan metode bermain koperatif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan kerjasama AUD sertafaktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Adapun pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penrikan kesimpulan. Kemudian untuk pengecekan keabsahan data penulis menggunakan ketekunan pengamatan dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian:1) meningkatkan keterampilan kerjasama AUD melalui metode bermain kooperatif terutama di kalangan kelompok B mereka sudah cukup baik dari sebelumnya. 2) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pembelajaran diutamakan adalah media yang penarik bagi anak dan utamanya tidak berbahaya. Cara guru menyampaikan juga harus jelas agar anak mudah mengerti. 3) peningkatan anak dalam meningkatkan keterampilan kerjasama aud melalui metode bermain kooperatif dapat diketahui melalui pengamatan guru pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada guru, orangtua bisa mengulang pembelajaran yang didapatkan terutama untuk kebutuhan anak dalam pembelajaran. Bagi peneliti agar lebih memahami tentang meningkatkan keterampilan kerjasama anak melalui metode Bermain kooperatif agar anak lebih senang dan tertarik untuk melakukan kegaiatan
Pengaruh Media Film Animasi Nussa dan Rara terhadap Perkembangan Kecerdasan Spiritual Anak Kelas A1 PPAUD IT Lukmanul Hakim Limboto
Authors: Mannassai Annisa Fahmi , Wiwik Pratiwi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh media film animasi Nussa dan Rara terhadap perkembangan kecerdasan spiritual anak kelas A1 PPAUD IT Lukmanul Hakim Limboto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimen dan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimental designs (nondesigns) dengan bentuk One Group Pretest-Posttest. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah peserta didik dari kelas A1 di PPAUD IT Lukmanul Hakim Limboto sebanyak 14 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Nonprobability Sampling  dengan cara teknik Sampling Jenuh. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media film animasi Nussa dan Rara memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan kecerdsasan spiritual anak kelas A1 di PPAUD IT Lukmanul Hakim Limboto. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji hipotesis yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.001 lebih kecil dari 0.05 dimana secara statistik terbukti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara film animasi Nusa dan Rara terhadap kecerdasan spiritual anak kelas A1 PPAUD IT Lukmanul Hakim Limboto.
Pengembangan Teori Pembelajaran Humanisme menurut Jurgen Habermas serta Relevansinya dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Labaso' Syahrial , Hestiana Ratna
Published: November 2022

: Teori pembelajaran humanisme meyakini bahwa proses pendidikan tidak diarahkan untuk membentuk kompetensi peserta didik, tetapi sebaliknya dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan potensi yang melekat dalam diri peserta didik itu sendiri, sebagai pribadi yang unggul dan istimewa.  Sehingga sudut pandang yang digunakan ialah sudut pandang dari peserta didik sebagai individu pembelajar, sementara peran pendidik (guru) sebatas pada upaya dan usaha untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan perkembangan diri dari peserta didik tersebut. Dalam proses pengembangannya menurut Jurgen Habermas, teori pembelajaran humanisme dapat dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan belajar, yaitu: belajar teknis (technical learning), belajar praktis (practical learning), dan belajar emansipatoris (emancipator learning). Melalui tiga tahapan belajar tersebut, peserta didik diharapkan dapat mencapai kesadaran yang utuh mengenai dirinya dan lingkungan sosialnya, hal inilah yang sekaligus menjadikan teori pembelajaran humanisme yang dikembangkan oleh Jurgen Habermas selaras dengan tujuan pendidikan Islam, sebab pada akhinya output dari teori pembelajaran humanisme ialah mencapai kearifan dan bijaksanaan hidup, sehingga seorang peserta didik dapat mengenali siapa dirinya, berikut peran sosial yang harus dilakukannya ditengah-tengah lingkungannya, sehingga pada akhirnya peserta didik dapat mengembangkan potensi dirinya dengan semaksimal mungkin, tanpa tercerabut dari lingkungan kulturalnya.
Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Belajar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Gerak dan Lagu Kelompok A1 di Pusat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Islam Terpadu (PPAUD IT) Lukmanul Hakim Kecamatan Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Eleti Suliati , Utina Sitriah Salim , Sitti Rahmawati Talango
Published: November 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode gerak dan lagu terhadap konsentrasi belajar anak usia dini kelompok A1 PPAUDIT Lukmanul Hakim, Kecamatan Limboto, Kabupaten Gorontalo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Kemmis Mc Tagart. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah kelompok A1 berusia 4 sampai 5 tahun terdiri dari 8 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan. Peningkatan konsentrasi belajar anak usia dini melalui metode gerak dan lagu dapat dilihat dari jumlah presentase observasi awal 58%, mulai meningkat pada pelaksanaan siklus I yaitu 77%. Setelah dilakukan refleksi dilanjutkan pada siklus ke II dengan presentase kenaikan 88%. Maka dengan ini metode gerak dan lagu dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar anak kelompok A1 PPAUDIT Lukmanul Hakim Kecamatan Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Adapun saran dari peneliti agar metode gerak dan lagu dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan konsentraasi belajar anak usia dini yaitu : (1). Untuk pendidik, agar dapat menjadi salah satu referensi pengembangan metode gerak dan lagu yang telah peneliti lakukan untuk proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar anak usia dini. (2). Untuk peneliti, menjadi salah satu alternatif metode yang menarik untuk dilakukan di sekolah.
Meningkatkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih & Sehat Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Demonstrasi di Kelompok A TK Beringin Jaya Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara
Authors: Sisrianti Imban  , Indriani
Published: November 2022

Masalah dalam penelitian adalah “Bagaimana Meningkatkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Demonstrasi.” Sedangkan tujuan penelitian adalah untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat Anak Usia Dini dengan menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi Di Kelompok A TK Beringin Jaya Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas, subjek penelitian adalah kelompok A berusia 4-5 tahun berjumlah 20 anak yang terdiri dari 12 anak perempuan dan 8 anak laki-laki. Tehnik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan dokumentasi. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan peneliti yaitu pada saat Pra Tindakan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Melalui Metode Demonstrasi hanya sekitar 20% atau 4 anak dengan kategori berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH). setelah dilaksanakan siklus I kemampuan dengan berkembang sangat baik terdapat 45% atau 9 anak. dan pada saat dilaksanakan siklus II terjadi peningkatan yaitu sekitar 90% atau 18 anak dengan kategori berkembang sangat baik (BSB). Rekomendasi hasil penelitian ini adalah guru harus memiliki berbagai macam strategi dan metode pembelajaran. Agar anak mampu memahami dan dapat melaksanakan apa yang diarahkan oleh guru. Guru juga merupakan pemeran utama dalam proses pembelajaran.
Peran Guru dalam Meningkatkan Budi Pekerti Anak Usia Dini di TK Negeri Pembina Limboto
Authors: Haseng Nadia , Munirah
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai peran guru dalam meningkatkan budi pekerti anak usia dini kelompok A di TK Negeri Pembina Limboto, dengan melihat beberapa peran, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta kendala dan solusi guru yang terdapat dalam proses pembelajaran yang ada   di TK Negeri Pembina Limboto. Jenis penelitian ini merupakam penelitian kualitatif dengan melibatkan tiga orang guru yakni kepala sekoah, guru kelompok A1 dan guru kelompok A2. Teknik pengumpuan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data anaisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru peran guru merupakan upaya dalam mengarahkan atau mendorong pada peserta didik dalam pembelajaran yang diajarkan sesuai kemampuan anak, sehingga dapat mengembangkan nilai-nilai tingkah laku anak yang dapat diterapkan pada kehidupan sehari-hari baik disekolah maupun lingkungan sekitarnya, maka dari itu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan budi pekerti anak sejak dini. Peningkatan budi pekerti untuk anak dilakukan dengan membiasakan anak untuk berperilaku dan bersikap sopan, disiplin, penanaman agama dan moral, bertanggung jawab, dan jujur. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menghambat budi pekerti anak usia dini adanya kurang perhatian dari orang tua serta faktor lingkungan sekitarnya, sedangkan pendukung guru dalam meningkatkan budi pekerti yaitu adanya dukungan dari orang dan kerjasama antara guru dan orang tua anak.
Penggunaan Media Kartu Gambar dalam Kegiatan Bercakap-Cakap Bahasa Inggris Anak Usia Dini di TK Mawar Bolaang Mongondow Selatan
Authors: Suadi Novita , Pido Nurwahidah Thayib
Published: November 2022

Bahasa Inggris kepada anak seharusnya dikenalkan sejak usiadini, karena anak usia dini masih merupakan masa-masa dasar pertamauntuk mereka mengembangkan salah satu kemampuan bahasa, khususnyadalam berkosa kata bahasa Inggris. Tetapi permasalahan yang seringterjadi di lingkungan, bahasa Inggris jarang diajarkan untuk melatihketerampilan berbahasa mereka. Namun di TK Mawar Bolaang MongondowSelatan, tidak hanya dikenalkan melalui pengenalan kosa kata, Sekolah ini menggunakan kartu bergambar pada kegiatan bercakap-cakap untuk mengembagkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris anak. Metode penelitianyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengamatan peneliti terhadap kemampuan bahasa inggris anak secara lisan melalui kegiatan bercakap-cakap dengan kartu bergambar yang diterapkan oleh guru yaitu sebanyak 80% dari kemampuan bahasa Inggris dasar AUD umumnya .
Theory-Based Approaches to Support Dermoscopic Image Interpretation Education: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tran Tiffaney , Ternov Niels K. , Weber Jochen , Barata Catarina , Berry Elizabeth G. , Doan Hung Q. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Seiverling Elizabeth V. , Sinclair Shelly , Stein Jennifer A. , Stoos Elizabeth R. , Tolsgaard Martin G. , Wolfensperger Maya , Braun Ralph P. , Nelson Kelly C.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Efficient interpretation of dermoscopic images relies on pattern recognition, and the development of expert-level proficiency typically requires extensive training and years of practice. While traditional methods of transferring knowledge have proven effective, technological advances may significantly improve upon these strategies and better equip dermoscopy learners with the pattern recognition skills required for real-world practice.
Objectives: A narrative review of the literature was performed to explore emerging directions in medical image interpretation education that may enhance dermoscopy education. This article represents the first of a two-part review series on this topic.
Methods: To promote innovation in dermoscopy education, the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)assembled a 12-member Education Working Group that comprises international dermoscopy experts and educational scientists. Based on a preliminary literature review and their experiences as educators, the group developed and refined a list of innovative approaches through multiple rounds of discussion and feedback. For each approach, literature searches were performed for relevant articles.
Results: Through a consensus-based approach, the group identified a number of emerging directions in image interpretation education. The following theory-based approaches will be discussed in this first part: whole-task learning, microlearning, perceptual learning, and adaptive learning.
Conclusions: Compared to traditional methods, these theory-based approaches may enhance dermoscopy education by making learning more engaging and interactive and reducing the amount of time required to develop expert-level pattern recognition skills. Further exploration is needed to determine how these approaches can be seamlessly and successfully integrated to optimize dermoscopy education.
Strategies to reduce the wearing time of cabotegravir sodium dissolving microarray pacthes by facilitating fast tip detachment from the baseplate
Authors: Volpe-Zanutto Fabiana , Kumar Lalitkumar V. , Tekko Ismaiel , Jarrahian Courtney , Donnelly Ryan F
Published: November 2022

Dissolvingmicroarray patches (DMAP) contain micron-scale projections and are usually madefrom biocompatible water-soluble polymers containing a high amount of drug intheir tips, to be delivered through the skin layers. The challenge regarding DMAPis the detachment of the tips from the baseplate.  This impacts the wearing time, the deliveryefficiency of the skin, and patient compliance. In our previous work, wereported the delivery of cabotegravir sodium (CAB Na), an anti-HIV drug, necessittingthe wearing time of more than 1 hour [1].Herein we developed strategies to reduce the wearing time of DMAP containingcabotegravir sodium from hours to 10 minutes by facilitating tip detachmentfrom the baseplate. 
Assessing the effect of moderately increasing medium viscosity on the intrinsic dissolution rate and diffusion coefficient of ibuprofen particles
Authors: Navas Bachiller Marina , Persoons Tim , Healy Anne-Marie , D'Arcy Deirdre Maria
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the effects of moderately increasing medium viscosity through two viscosity enhancing agents (VEA) (HPMC and sucrose) on the intrinsic dissolution of a BCS class II drug (ibuprofen). The differences in intrinsic dissolution were characterized through the estimation of a diffusion coefficient (D) of ibuprofen in different media with the Levich equation. Increasing viscosity decreased the intrinsic dissolution rate of ibuprofen with both VEAs. The calculated D from intrinsic dissolution data overestimated the experimental value, but the results suggest that intrinsic dissolution could be used as a tool to estimate a relative change in D in different viscosities. 
Challenges and considerations of automated agglomeration detection method development with image analysis in dissolution testing
Authors: Taseva Alexandra , Persoons Tim , D'Arcy Deirdre Maria
Published: November 2022

Dissolution testing is widely used during all stages of drug development. The potential to develop an imaging analysis method to automatically detect agglomerations during dissolution testing has recently been explored. The stages of the method development were manual observation of pre-recorded videos from the dissolution testing, choice of parameters for agglomerate identification and 2-stage method validation (internal and external). This work presents the two main challenges faced during the agglomeration identification method (AIM) development a) attaining an optimal number of particle detections in a video frame and b) discerning different objects (e.g., air bubbles, single particles and agglomerates) based on their specifications.
In Vitro Embryo Production in Water Buffalo
Authors: Hufana-Duran Danilda , Duran Peregrino G.
Published: November 2022

In vitro embryo production (IVEP) is a promising tool with many applications in producing calves from genetically superior animals desired for propagation and in the conservation and revival of endangered species. The techniques of IVEP were adopted from cattle and refined to suit the water buffalo requirements. From the collection of ovaries from a local abattoir and the collection of oocytes by ovum pick up from live animals, gamete storage, collection techniques, handling of ovaries and oocytes to keep the viability and developmental competence, selection of oocytes to the type of culture media and in vitro culture condition, and treatment of the sperm cells for in vitro fertilization are all-important components of the process that requires careful and precise action to ensure success. Trials on intracytoplasmic injection, the use of sex-sorted sperm cells as a tool for producing sex-predetermined embryos, and the somatic cell nuclear transfer are methods that can be used to produce embryos in vitro. This paper provides the important considerations involved in the production of healthy live calves out of in vitro-produced water buffalo embryos.
Cibersexo transaccional: victimización e intervención penal
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Tamarit Sumalla Josep Maria
Published: November 2022

La extensión de las prácticas de sexo transaccional en el ciberespacio, provocada especialmente por la difusión de plataformas que facilitan el cibersexo, suscita la necesidad de examinar cuál sería la respuesta penal adecuada a las conductas que atenten contra la libertad y la indemnidad sexual en el contexto de estas prácticas. La transformación que las relaciones sexuales experimentan en la sociedad digital hace patentes las profundas deficiencias de la actual regulación de los delitos relativos a la prostitución en el derecho español, lo cual obliga a emitir recomendaciones de política criminal que tengan en cuenta otros modelos legislativos. La jurisprudencia española se ha mostrado receptiva ante las nuevas formas de relación sexual producidas por la digitalización de la vida social, al flexibilizar los requisitos para la apreciación de los delitos de agresión y abuso sexual, lo que plantea dudas respecto a si con ello se incurre en una vulneración de la prohibición de la aplicación analógica de la ley penal.
Language vs. Reality
Authors: Enfield N. J.
Published: November 2022

A fascinating examination of how we are both played by language and made by language: the science underlying the bugs and features of humankind's greatest invention.

Language is said to be humankind's greatest accomplishment. But what is language actually good for? It performs poorly at representing reality. It is a constant source of distraction, misdirection, and overshadowing. In fact, N. J. Enfield notes, language is far better at persuasion than it is at objectively capturing the facts of experience. Language cannot create or change physical reality, but it can do the next best thing: reframe and invert our view of the world. In Language vs. Reality, Enfield explains why language is bad for scientists (who are bound by reality) but good for lawyers (who want to win their cases), why it can be dangerous when it falls into the wrong hands, and why it deserves our deepest respect.

Enfield offers a lively exploration of the science underlying the bugs and features of language. He examines the tenuous relationship between language and reality; details the array of effects language has on our memory, attention, and reasoning; and describes how these varied effects power narratives and storytelling as well as political spin and conspiracy theories. Why should we care what language is good for? Enfield, who has spent twenty years at the cutting edge of language research, argues that understanding how language works is crucial to tackling our most pressing challenges, including human cognitive bias, media spin, the “post-truth” problem, persuasion, the role of words in our thinking, and much more.
Monsoon Economies
Authors: Roy Tirthankar
Published: November 2022

How interventions to mitigate climate-caused poverty and inequality in India came at a cost to environmental sustainability.

In the monsoon regions of South Asia, the rainy season sustains life but brings with it the threat of floods, followed by a long stretch of the year when little gainful work is possible and the threat of famine looms. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, a series of interventions by Indian governments and other actors mitigated these conditions, enabling agricultural growth, encouraging urbanization, and bringing about a permanent decrease in death rates. But these actions—largely efforts to ensure wider access to water—came at a cost to environmental sustainability. In Monsoon Economies, Tirthankar Roy explores the interaction between the environment and the economy in the emergence of modern India.

Roy argues that the tropical monsoon climate makes economic and population growth contingent on water security. But in a water-scarce world, the means used to increase water security not only created environmental stresses but also made political conflict more likely. Roy investigates famine relief, the framing of a seasonal “water famine,” and the concept of public trust in water; the political movements that challenged socially sanctioned forms of deprivation; water as a public good; water quality in cities; the shift from impounding river water in dams and reservoirs to exploring groundwater; the seasonality of a monsoon economy; and economic lessons from India for a world facing environmental degradation.
Transforming Nuclear Safeguards Culture
Authors: Findlay Trevor
Published: November 2022

The role of organizational culture in international efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

In Transforming Nuclear Safeguards Culture, Trevor Findlay investigates the role that organizational culture may play in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, examining particularly how it affects the nuclear safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the paramount global organization in the non-proliferation field. Findlay seeks to identify how organizational culture may have contributed to the IAEA's failure to detect Iraq's attempts to acquire illicit nuclear capabilities in the decade prior to the 1990 Gulf War and how the agency has sought to change safeguards culture since then. In doing so, he addresses an important piece of the nuclear nonproliferation puzzle: how to ensure that a robust international safeguards system, in perpetuity, might keep non-nuclear states from acquiring such weapons.

Findlay, as one of the leading scholars on the IAEA, brings a valuable holistic perspective to his analysis of the agency's culture. Transforming Nuclear Safeguards Culture will inspire debate about the role of organizational culture in a key international organization—a culture that its member states, leadership, and staff have often sought to ignore or downplay.
Microglia shape the embryonic development of mammalian respiratory networks
Authors: Cabirol Marie-Jeanne , Cardoit Laura , Courtand Gilles , Mayeur Marie-Eve , Simmers John , Pascual Olivier , Thoby-Brisson Muriel
Published: November 2022

Microglia, brain-resident macrophages, play key roles during prenatal development in defining neural circuitry function, including ensuring proper synaptic wiring and maintaining homeostasis. Mammalian breathing rhythmogenesis arises from interacting brainstem neural networks that are assembled during embryonic development, but the specific role of microglia in this process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the anatomical and functional consequences of respiratory circuit formation in the absence of microglia. We first established the normal distribution of microglia within the wild-type (WT, Spi1+/+ (Pu.1 WT)) mouse (Mus musculus) brainstem at embryonic ages when the respiratory networks are known to emerge (embryonic day (E) 14.5 for the parafacial respiratory group (epF) and E16.5 for the preBötzinger complex (preBötC)). In transgenic mice depleted of microglia (Spi1−/− (Pu.1 KO) mutant), we performed anatomical staining, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activities in vitro to assess the status of these circuits at their respective times of functional emergence. Spontaneous respiratory-related activity recorded from reduced in vitro preparations showed an abnormally slow rhythm frequency expressed by the epF at E14.5, the preBötC at E16.5, and in the phrenic motor nerves from E16.5 onwards. These deficits were associated with a reduced number of active epF neurons, defects in commissural projections that couple the bilateral preBötC half-centers, and an accompanying decrease in their functional coordination. These abnormalities probably contribute to eventual neonatal death, since plethysmography revealed that E18.5 Spi1−/− embryos are unable to sustain breathing activity ex utero. Our results thus point to a crucial contribution of microglia in the proper establishment of the central respiratory command during embryonic development.
Altered basal ganglia output during self-restraint
Authors: Gu Bon-Mi , Berke Joshua D
Published: November 2022

Suppressing actions is essential for flexible behavior. Multiple neural circuits involved in behavioral inhibition converge upon a key basal ganglia output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). To examine how changes in basal ganglia output contribute to self-restraint, we recorded SNr neurons during a proactive behavioral inhibition task. Rats responded to Go! cues with rapid leftward or rightward movements, but also prepared to cancel one of these movement directions on trials when a Stop! cue might occur. This action restraint – visible as direction-selective slowing of reaction times – altered both rates and patterns of SNr spiking. Overall firing rate was elevated before the Go! cue, and this effect was driven by a subpopulation of direction-selective SNr neurons. In neural state space, this corresponded to a shift away from the restrained movement. SNr neurons also showed more variable inter-spike intervals during proactive inhibition. This corresponded to more variable state-space trajectories, which may slow reaction times via reduced preparation to move. These findings open new perspectives on how basal ganglia dynamics contribute to movement preparation and cognitive control.
Material-Driven Architectural Pedagogy
Authors: Pelman Barak , Zoran Amit Raphael
Published: November 2022

Most contemporary architecture programmes use a pedagogical model in which students construct their design knowledge by engaging in an architectural project. Due to the size and complexities of the physical environments they study, students develop their design knowledge primarily by using representations of the material world. The learning opportunities afforded by the experience of materials hence are often overlooked. In this study, we seek evidence that material experiences have an agency on architectural teaching and learning. Using sociomaterial perspectives, we followed two architecture designbuild courses, analysed their students’ learning diaries, and contextualised them with the teacher’s pedagogical reflections. We found correlations between specific materials and specific knowledge, skills, and technological competencies and demonstrated how materials could be used as ‘learning agents’ in architectural education. The paper’s findings contribute to the development of a material-driven ped­agogy in which materials are used as ‘learning agents’ in architectural education.