bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centros de Educación Especial en el Sáhara y en España. Una perspectiva comparada.
Authors: Navarro Martínez Óscar , Flores Cuenca Celia , González Olivares Ángel Luis
Published: January 2020

In the current educational approach of our country different modalities of schooling to promote educational inclusion of the students with specific need of educational support are established. Special Education is presented as alternative to the ordinary model, either in the totality of its schedule or as combined schooling. The present article aims to analyse and compare the organization, functioning and resources of two Special Education centres in very different contexts. On the one hand, Olof Palme school, placed in the middle of the Sahara Desert, in a refugee camp in the town of Tindouf (Algeria). On the other hand, the Puerta de Santa María Special Education School in Ciudad Real (Spain). It studies in depth the similarities and differences between these two centres that educate students with educational support needs. The comparison of both contexts supposes differences in the functioning or organization of the teachings. Firstly, the situation of each of these two centres is described, analysing their main aspects. Later the comparative study is carried out and the main conclusions are commented. Different data collection techniques have been used to carry out the study, mainly the interview, the direct observation and the bibliographic review. Pronounced differences between these two situations imply that the educational process of both schools is very different in terms of the available resources, both material and human, the organization and the possibilities of action.
Los saberes de la era digital. Nuevas tecnologías para la práctica humanística: teoría del aprendizaje, bibliotecas digitales y arte terapia
Authors: García Ruiz Mª José
Published: January 2020

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Igualdad, calidad y confianza entre los desafíos de la reforma educativa francesa: la Loi n° 2019-791 du 26 juillet 2019 pour une école de la confiance
Authors: Sánchez Lissen Encarnación , Sianes Bautista Alicia
Published: January 2020

With both the promulgation and enactment of the Loi nº 2019-791 du 26 juillet 2019 pour une école de la confiance, a new period of normative changes has begun in France. These changes concern the organisation, structure and even certain principles the French educational system has been erected with. In the name of confidence some measures have been purposed, some of them of great magnitude, with the main purpose of guaranteeing equal opportunities for the student body of this country. In order to do that, there have been expounded, among others, initiatives focused on the extension of school attendance, diversity outreach, teacher training, institutional innovations by creating new organisms and evaluation measurements in support of educational quality. From an international and comparative perspective, the analysis of this act generates great interest, on the one hand, because of the contents it tackles and, on the other hand, because of the role France has played as a laboratory and enterprising country in educational issues throughout history. This circumstance turns it into referent of other countries in southern Europe, Africa and even Asia, which influence in their educational systems is indubitable.Without losing sight of the magnitude of this reform and its relevance, this brief analysis recognises its significance and the remarkable impact that is generating, both inside and outside of the country. Probably, from now on, there will not be just a few papers that highlight the scope of its proposals and its possible consequences.
Rocq Morris, pseudónimo de Mercedes Ballesteros: sus novelas policiacas de quiosco
Authors: García-Aguilar Alberto
Published: January 2020

Las cuatro novelas policiacas que Mercedes Ballesteros publicó con el pseudónimo de Rocq Morris en los primeros años del franquismo, en la colección de quiosco “La Novela Ideal”, incluyen muchos de los estereotipos usados en la narrativa criminal española de este periodo. En todas ellas, detectives aficionados, que viven entre ricos, tratan descubrir al asesino enfrentándose al rechazo policial e incluso a la violencia física. De esta manera, la escritora ofrece historias destinadas al ocio de los lectores donde los detectives siempre triunfan.
Gesture, gaze and laughter
Authors: Willemsen Annerose , Gosen Myrte , Koole Tom , De Glopper Kees
Published: January 2020

This article analyses teacher conduct around episodes of subsequent student contributions during whole-class discussions. We scrutinised the teachers’ facilitating role in these episodes by systematically analysing their verbal as well as bodily conduct before, during and after the episodes, unearthing the teacher behaviour leading to and maintaining the discussion and the conduct bringing the discussion to an end. Our analysis reveals a large repertoire of conduct and proves that the teachers, while often refraining from verbal contributions, nonetheless actively foster the discussion by bodily means such as gestures, gaze and even laughter.
La Metodología Leader y la despoblación rural: el caso de la comarca de Sierra Grande-Tierra de Barros (Badajoz)
Authors: Miranda García María , Gallardo-Cobos Rosa , Sánchez-Zamora Pedro
Published: January 2020

This article analyses the contribution of LEADER methodology to address the problem of depopulation in Sierra Grande-Tierra de Barros county (Badajoz). To this end, the risk of depopulation of each territorial entity is analysed and prioritised, and the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of LEADER aids in their contribution to population setting are studied. The results obtained show that, although LEADER methodology has been useful in facing the challenge of depopulation, its application is not enough to ensure a horizon of viability for the municipalities with the greatest demographic problems.
Identificación espacio temporal de la incidencia del turismo en la dinámica poblacional rural en la Comunitat Valenciana
Authors: Osorio-Acosta Estefanía , Marques-Perez Inmaculada , Segura Baldomero
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the impact on the population dynamics of the different European Initiatives LEADER for rural development in the Valencian Community. This relationship is studied through the analysis of indicators related to public investment and tourism offer in those regions where investment projects have been implemented in the different programming periods. It has been investigated the existence of similar trends between the evolution over time of these indicators and the population, and although the series presents similar behaviors, there is no evidence enough to affirm that tourist investment in small rural municipalities of the Valencian Region has had a positive impact on the population evolution.
Testing à l'embauche des Québécoises et Québécois d'origine maghrébine à Québec
Authors: Beauregard Jean-Philippe , Arteau Gabriel , Drolet-Brassard Renaud
Published: January 2020

Un testing mené dans la région métropolitaine de Québec, de mars à juillet 2017, a montré que tous les candidats ne sont pas sur un pied d’égalité dans l’accès à l’emploi. L’étude a généré l’envoi de quelque 404 CV en réponse à 202 offres d’emplois hautement qualifiés en administration. À candidature équivalente, les Québécoises et les Québécois d’origine maghrébine ont subi un taux net de discrimination de 49 %, leur candidature ayant été ignorée près d’une fois sur deux sur une base potentiellement discriminatoire. Innovant avec un premier « test intersectionnel », ce testing n’a toutefois pas permis de démontrer que la variable du genre soit un facteur de discrimination significatif.
Vécu et rapport au travail des prestataires d'assistance sociale de longue durée1
Authors: Macé Christian , Daigneault Pierre-Marc , Goyette Martin
Published: January 2020

Dans un contexte où les politiques d’aide financière de dernier recours visent de plus en plus la réintégration au marché du travail, cette étude qualitative traite de l’expérience des prestataires d’assistance sociale (AS) de longue durée au Québec ainsi que de leur rapport au travail. Les analyses d’entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de 46 prestataires et ex-prestataires ayant effectué une transition vers le travail mettent en lumière les nombreux obstacles à une éventuelle transition vers le travail. Les prestataires accordent généralement une grande valeur au travail fondée sur ses divers avantages psychologiques et financiers. Ces avantages prennent part au processus décisionnel des prestataires par rapport à l’AS et au marché du travail. Le sentiment de sécurité que procure l’AS, combiné aux obstacles administratifs qu’imposent une sortie et une éventuelle réintégration du dispositif d’AS, en cas de nécessité, viennent cependant se placer comme éléments dissuasifs à une sortie de l’AS.
Délégués syndicaux et prise en compte des besoins particuliers des employés : un rendez-vous manqué?
Authors: Gagnon Mélanie , Beaudry Catherine
Published: January 2020

Cet article s’intéresse au désir d’agir des délégués syndicaux à l’égard des demandes formulées par les travailleurs présentant des besoins particuliers en raison de leur situation personnelle. Il s’interroge, à partir d’une recherche par entretiens réalisée auprès de 33 délégués syndicaux, sur leurs réponses à ces demandes et sur les possibles transformations des pratiques syndicales qu’elles révèlent. Si certains délégués syndicaux embrassent un nouveau rôle qui traduit un enrichissement de la fonction de délégué, d’autres considèrent que ces besoins particuliers relèvent simplement de difficultés personnelles et individuelles. La prise en compte de ces besoins est fonction du couple capacité/désir d’agir du délégué. La possibilité d’une transformation des pratiques syndicales est donc tributaire d’une catégorisation des types de délégué.
La memoria del Ilustrado napolitano Domenico Cirillo. Del culto republicano a los mártires del siglo XIX a la novela Sombra y Revolución (2018) de José Vicente Quirante Rives
Authors: Berneiser Tobias
Published: January 2020

Tras el declive de la efímera República Napolitana de 1799, Domenico Cirillo (1739-1799), un botánico, médico y eventual miembro del gobierno republicano napolitano muy conocido, fue ejecutado por su activismo político. A lo largo del siglo XIX, varias obras historiográficas y literarias adoptaron la biografía de Cirillo para la visión de un estado italiano unificado, recordándolo como republicano y mártir nacional. Después de reconstruir su "canonización" como mártir de la memoria nacional, este trabajo complementará la perspectiva del siglo XIX sobre Cirillo introduciendo una nueva novela sobre el científico napolitano: Sombra y Revolución. Variaciones sobre el naturalista Domenico Cirillo (2018) de José Vicente Quirante Rives. La novela de Quirante será interpretada como una revisión crítica de la literatura del siglo XIX sobre Cirillo.
La literatura como lugar de conmemoración. El soldado desconocido y Erich Maria Remarque
Authors: Schneider Thomas F.
Published: January 2020

Erich Maria Remarque proyectó y escribió sus novelas como parte de la cultura conmemorativa de eventos históricos. Comenzando con All Quiet on the Western Front, los textos intentan proporcionar conmemoración y memoria describiendo destinos individuales. Este artículo discute en detalle el concepto y las estrategias de Remarque y las combina con la reciente cultura de conmemoración de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
La traducción en el ámbito de Arduino: propuesta de glosario inglés-español
Authors: Alcalde Peñalver Elena , Santamaría Urbieta Alexandra
Published: January 2020

La falta de terminología normalizada para los numerosos términos que existen cuando explicamos un proyecto que se desarrolla con Arduino puede generar ambigüedad y falta de claridad y precisión. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar una propuesta de glosario inglés-español a partir de un corpus de textos y mediante la colaboración entre traductores e ingenieros de telecomunicaciones, para contribuir a la normalización terminológica en un ámbito de reciente creación y gran dinamismo. Se trata de aportar un recurso fiable y actual para que el traductor pueda trabajar con mayor facilidad en la traducción de textos de este ámbito y a la vez contribuir a la normalización terminológica con propuestas que evitan que el experto recurra directamente al término en inglés por no haberse detenido a analizar opciones lexicalizadas en español. Consideramos que cualquier rama de conocimiento debe tener una terminología consolidada para que el intercambio de información sea efectivo. En este sentido, el traductor tiene una función muy importante que desempeñar.
La evaluación de la usabilidad de un sistema de memoria de traducción
Authors: Vargas Sierra Chelo
Published: January 2020

El uso de herramientas de traducción asistida por ordenador en las clases de traducción se ha convertido en una práctica común desde hace poco más de una década. Con todo, para los estudiantes actuales, los llamados “nativos digitales”, la experiencia de aprendizaje con este tipo de software está lejos de ser sencilla. Esto nos llevó a preguntarnos por las actitudes reales de los estudiantes respecto a la usabilidad de este tipo de software. Este trabajo presenta una evaluación de la usabilidad desde el punto de vista del usuario final de una memoria de traducción líder en el mercado. Más concretamente, el objetivo del estudio era evaluar la percepción de usabilidad de los estudiantes. Para ello, al final de dos cursos académicos, 95 estudiantes de último curso cumplimentaron el cuestionario Software Usability Measurement Inventory, que se considera un método de referencia para evaluar la usabilidad de un producto de software. Mide cinco escalas, esto es, Eficiencia, Afecto, Utilidad, Control y Aprendizaje. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos muestra que la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la usabilidad global de la herramienta evaluada está dentro de la media, pero no tanto con respecto a la escala Aprendizaje, que es la peor valorada. La única escala por encima de la media fue Afecto. Estos resultados muestran que se necesita hacer mayor énfasis en el diseño de la herramienta evaluada para que se adapte a las necesidades reales de sus usuarios y mejorar, de este modo, el conocimiento tecnológico de nuestros estudiantes de traducción.
La traducción de la pedagogía reformista inglesa del siglo XIX en Estados Unidos: La educación intelectual, moral y física (1890) de Juan García Purón a partir de Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical (1861) de Herbert Spencer
Authors: Ramírez Arlandi Juan
Published: January 2020

Este estudio aborda la traducción española La educación intelectual, moral y física (1890) que Juan García Purón vertió a partir de Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical (1860) de Herbert Spencer ambas publicadas en Appleton. Adoptando el modelo de análisis acerca de la historia de la traducción de Lépinette (1997) así como el acercamiento basado en las normas de Toury (1995), primero se lleva a cabo la descripción de ambos textos (semblanza del traductor, paratextos y contexto editorial) para determinar las normas inicial y preliminares. Asimismo, se analizan las normas operacionales que incluyen las matriciales (segmentación, adiciones y omisiones) y las lingüístico-textuales (latinismos, referencias culturales, y unidades de medida, peso y capacidad).
La protección de datos personales: análisis terminológico y jurídico desde presupuestos traductológicos (alemán-español)
Authors: Balbuena Torezano María del Carmen
Published: January 2020

El Reglamento (EU) 2016/679 de Protección de Datos, que deroga la directiva 95/46/EC o Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD), afecta al tratamiento de los datos personales de los seres humanos, y a la libre circulación de estos datos en la Unión Europea y es de transposición directa; constituye, pues, una norma jurídica esencial en el marco de los derechos individuales de las personas en la era digital. Su aplicación, que entró en vigor en mayo de 2018, ha supuesto la adaptación legislativa y tecnológica de los Estados miembros de la UE y la aplicación de sistemas de control y seguridad que, si bien ya se encontraban en otras disposiciones comunitarias y estatales anteriores, ahora cobran una nueva relevancia, y en algunos casos cambian de denominación. Todo ello supone una amalgama de conceptos nuevos que han de ser comprendidos para dar cumplimiento a esta nueva normativa de forma correcta. Son objetivos de este trabajo: 1) Analizar la terminología que emana del Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 desde dos perspectivas diferentes: por un lado, analizaremos los conceptos jurídicos; por otro, contemplaremos los procedimientos de formación de palabras en lengua alemana; 2) Establecer las equivalencias lingüísticas relativas a los términos estudiados en el par de lenguas alemán-español. Con ello, esperamos obtener un glosario terminológico que resulte de utilidad para la traducción de textos en materia de protección de datos.
Competencias para la traducción jurídica: modelos, enfoques y percepción del profesorado
Authors: Martínez-Carrasco Robert
Published: January 2020

El artículo que presentamos analiza los elementos diferenciadores de la educación por competencias en traducción jurídica y las exigencias metodológicas en el aula. Mediante una metodología de obtención de datos de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo, el artículo pretende sondear la realidad en el aula de traducción jurídica en España a través del análisis exhaustivo de las guías docentes del conjunto de módulos ofertados en traducción jurídica. Los resultados, contrastados con una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de traducción jurídica en activo, contextualizan la práctica docente y dan voz al profesorado universitario, permitiéndole compartir sus percepciones, puntos de vista y experiencia en el aula de traducción.
Georges Cuvier en España. La traducción de José Garriga y Baucís de Lecciones elementales de la historia natural de los animales
Authors: De Beni Matteo
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la versión española realizada por José Garriga y Baucís de Tableau élémentaire de l’histoire naturelle des animaux (1797- 1798) de Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), promotor de la paleontología y de la anatomía comparada. La traducción en cuestión, publicada en 1834 en Valencia por el taller de Cabrerizo, es una muestra señera de la llegada a España de obras de Cuvier, entre cuyas contribuciones al desarrollo de la biología y la anatomía cabe precisamente la descripción –basada en criterios estructuralistas– del reino animal.
En el artículo se pone el foco tanto en aspectos que vinculan el texto estudiado con su “historia externa” –en particular, su intención didáctica en el cuadro de las disposiciones vigentes en la enseñanza reglada de la época– como en la confrontación entre la obra de Cuvier y su traducción española, lo cual permite evidenciar las peculiaridades de esta última con respecto al original y hacer hincapié en las elecciones léxicas y en la sensibilidad lingüística del traductor, quien, en la “Advertencia” que incorpora a su versión del tratado, pone de manifiesto la importancia de tener una terminología científica en español y su decisión de asignar “terminación castellana” a las voces especializadas.
Presentación
Authors: Campos Martín Natalia María , Candel Mora Miguel Ángel , Ortega Arjonilla Emilio
Published: January 2020

Los dieciocho artículos de este monográfico “Educar en traducción y enseñar desde la traducción: estado de la cuestión y evolución diacrónica” reflejan la buena salud de los estudios de traducción y el interés creciente por el estudio de las relaciones entre enseñanza y traducción desde diferentes perspectivas. 
Con esta cartografía de la didáctica de la traducción, desde el punto de vista sincrónico y diacrónico, queda patente, por tanto, los diferentes enfoques y la fundamentación teórica de la investigación actual en traducción. Desde orientaciones y metodologías de investigación basados en corpus y el uso de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para revelar patrones que sirvan de ayuda a tanto docentes como a estudiantes, hasta la revisión de estudios terminológicos, la comparación de traducciones, o el análisis de cuestionarios y entrevistas, esta muestra pone de manifiesto la variedad de metodologías de investigación y la interdisciplinariedad de los estudios de traducción. En lo referente al campo de aplicación, los artículos de este número de Quaderns de Filologia: Estudis Lingüístics abordan diferentes orientaciones didácticas como traducción jurídica, literaria, médica, o especializada en campos como la arquitectura, el turismo, las ciencias o la electrotecnia.
Casposase structure and the mechanistic link between DNA transposition and spacer acquisition by CRISPR-Cas
Authors: Hickman Alison B , Kailasan Shweta , Genzor Pavol , Haase Astrid D , Dyda Fred
Published: January 2020

Key to CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity is maintaining an ongoing record of invading nucleic acids, a process carried out by the Cas1-Cas2 complex that integrates short segments of foreign genetic material (spacers) into the CRISPR locus. It is hypothesized that Cas1 evolved from casposases, a novel class of transposases. We show here that the Methanosarcina mazei casposase can integrate varied forms of the casposon end in vitro, and recapitulates several properties of CRISPR-Cas integrases including site-specificity. The X-ray structure of the casposase bound to DNA representing the product of integration reveals a tetramer with target DNA bound snugly between two dimers in which single-stranded casposon end binding resembles that of spacer 3'-overhangs. The differences between transposase and CRISPR-Cas integrase are largely architectural, and it appears that evolutionary change involved changes in protein-protein interactions to favor Cas2 binding over tetramerization; this in turn led to preferred integration of single spacers over two transposon ends.
Two roles for the yeast transcription coactivator SAGA and a set of genes redundantly regulated by TFIID and SAGA
Authors: Donczew Rafal , Warfield Linda , Pacheco Derek , Erijman Ariel , Hahn Steven
Published: January 2020

Deletions within genes coding for subunits of the transcription coactivator SAGA caused strong genome-wide defects in transcription and SAGA-mediated chromatin modifications. In contrast, rapid SAGA depletion produced only modest transcription defects at 13% of protein-coding genes – genes that are generally more sensitive to rapid TFIID depletion. However, transcription of these ‘coactivator-redundant’ genes is strongly affected by rapid depletion of both factors, showing the overlapping functions of TFIID and SAGA at this gene set. We suggest that this overlapping function is linked to TBP-DNA recruitment. The remaining 87% of expressed genes that we term ‘TFIID-dependent’ are highly sensitive to rapid TFIID depletion and insensitive to rapid SAGA depletion. Genome-wide mapping of SAGA and TFIID found binding of both factors at many genes independent of gene class. Promoter analysis suggests that the distinction between the gene classes is due to multiple components rather than any single regulatory factor or promoter sequence motif.
A genome-wide view of the de-differentiation of central nervous system endothelial cells in culture
Authors: Sabbagh Mark F , Nathans Jeremy
Published: January 2020

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) derived from the central nervous system (CNS) variably lose their unique barrier properties during in vitro culture, hindering the development of robust assays for blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, including drug permeability and extrusion assays. In previous work (Sabbagh et al., 2018) we characterized transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs. In this report, we compare transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs versus mouse CNS ECs in short-term in vitro culture. We observe that standard culture conditions are associated with a rapid and selective loss of BBB transcripts and chromatin features, as well as a greatly reduced level of beta-catenin signaling. Interestingly, forced expression of a stabilized derivative of beta-catenin, which in vivo leads to a partial conversion of non-BBB CNS ECs to a BBB-like state, has little or no effect on gene expression or chromatin accessibility in vitro.
Purinergic signaling in cochlear supporting cells reduces hair cell excitability by increasing the extracellular space
Authors: Babola Travis A , Kersbergen Calvin J , Wang Han Chin , Bergles Dwight E
Published: January 2020

Neurons in developing sensory pathways exhibit spontaneous bursts of electrical activity that are critical for survival, maturation and circuit refinement. In the auditory system, intrinsically generated activity arises within the cochlea, but the molecular mechanisms that initiate this activity remain poorly understood. We show that burst firing of mouse inner hair cells prior to hearing onset requires P2RY1 autoreceptors expressed by inner supporting cells. P2RY1 activation triggers K+ efflux and depolarization of hair cells, as well as osmotic shrinkage of supporting cells that dramatically increased the extracellular space and speed of K+ redistribution. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption of P2RY1 suppressed neuronal burst firing by reducing K+ release, but unexpectedly enhanced their tonic firing, as water resorption by supporting cells reduced the extracellular space, leading to K+ accumulation. These studies indicate that purinergic signaling in supporting cells regulates hair cell excitability by controlling the volume of the extracellular space.
YAP regulates cell size and growth dynamics via non-cell autonomous mediators
Authors: Mugahid Douaa , Kalocsay Marian , Liu Xili , Gruver Jonathan Scott , Peshkin Leonid , Kirschner Marc W
Published: January 2020

The Hippo pathway regulates organ size, regeneration, and cell growth by controlling the stability of the transcription factor, YAP (Yorkie in Drosophila). When there is tissue damage, YAP is activated allowing the restoration of homeostatic tissue size. The exact signals by which YAP is activated are still not fully understood, but its activation is known to affect both cell size and cell number. Here we used cultured cells to examine the coordinated regulation of cell size and number under the control of YAP. Our experiments in isogenic HEK293 cells reveal that YAP can affect cell size and number by independent circuits. Some of these effects are cell autonomous, such as proliferation, while others are mediated by secreted signals. In particular CYR61, a known secreted YAP target, is a non-cell autonomous mediator of cell survival, while another unidentified secreted factor controls cell size.
Quantification of the influence of drugs on zebrafish larvae swimming kinematics and energetics
Authors: Zhao Zhenkai , Li Gen , Xiao Qing , Jiang Hui-Rong , Tchivelekete Gabriel Mbuta , Shu Xinhua , Liu Hao
Published: January 2020

The use of zebrafish larvae has aroused wide interest in the medical field for its potential role in the development of new therapies. The larvae grow extremely quickly and the embryos are nearly transparent which allows easy examination of its internal structures using fluorescent imaging techniques. Medical treatment of zebrafish larvae can directly influence its swimming behaviours. These behaviour changes are related to functional changes of central nervous system and transformations of the zebrafish body such as muscle mechanical power and force variation, which cannot be measured directly by pure experiment observation. To quantify the influence of drugs on zebrafish larvae swimming behaviours and energetics, we have developed a novel methodology to exploit intravital changes based on observed zebrafish locomotion. Specifically, by using an in-house MATLAB code to process the recorded live zebrafish swimming video, the kinematic locomotion equation of a 3D zebrafish larvae was obtained, and a customised Computational Fluid Dynamics tool was used to solve the fluid flow around the fish model which was geometrically the same as experimentally tested zebrafish. The developed methodology was firstly verified against experiment, and further applied to quantify the fish internal body force, torque and power consumption associated with a group of normal zebrafish larvae vs. those immersed in acetic acid and two neuroactive drugs. As indicated by our results, zebrafish larvae immersed in 0.01% acetic acid display approximately 30% higher hydrodynamic power and 10% higher cost of transport than control group. In addition, 500 μM diphenylhydantoin significantly decreases the locomotion activity for approximately 50% lower hydrodynamic power, whereas 100 mg/L yohimbine has not caused any significant influences on 5 dpf zebrafish larvae locomotion. The approach has potential to evaluate the influence of drugs on the aquatic animal’s behaviour changes and thus support the development of new analgesic and neuroactive drugs.
Gold Nanoframeworks with Mesopores for Raman–Photoacoustic Imaging and Photo‐Chemo Tumor Therapy in the Second Near‐Infrared Biowindow
Authors: Wang Jinping , Sun Jingyu , Wang Yuhao , Chou Tsengming , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Beilu , Ren Lei , Wang Hongjun
Published: January 2020

Gold‐based nanostructures with tunable wavelength of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) biowindow receive increasing attention in phototheranostics. In view of limited progress on NIR‐II gold nanostructures, a particular liposome template‐guided route is explored to synthesize novel gold nanoframeworks (AuNFs) with large mesopores (≈40 nm) for multimodal imaging along with therapeutic robustness. The synthesized AuNFs exhibit strong absorbance in NIR‐II region, affording their capacity of NIR‐II photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging for deep tumors. Functionalization of AuNFs with hyaluronic acid (HA) endows the targeting capacity for CD44‐overexpressed tumor cells while gatekeeping doxorubicin (DOX) loaded into mesopores. Conjugation of Raman reporter 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) onto AuNFs yields a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fingerprint for Raman spectroscopy/imaging. In vivo evaluation of HA‐4‐ATP‐AuNFs‐DOX on tumor‐bearing xenografts demonstrates its high efficacy in eradication of solid tumors in NIR‐II under PA–Raman dual image‐guided photo‐chemotherapy. Thus, current AuNFs offer versatile capabilities for phototheranostics.
Reconfiguration, Camouflage, and Color‐Shifting for Bioinspired Adaptive Hydrogel‐Based Millirobots
Authors: Du Xuemin , Cui Huanqing , Xu Tiantian , Huang Chenyang , Wang Yunlong , Zhao Qilong , Xu Yangsheng , Wu Xinyu
Published: January 2020

Nature provides much inspiration for developing soft millirobots. However, compared with smart and adaptations of lives in nature, these robotic systems still suffer from insufficiency of intelligence. Here, a new untethered soft millirobot with magnetic actuation in the head and function in the tail is presented via implementing control, actuation, and sensing directly in the materials, thereby endowing robots with multimodal locomotion and environment‐adaptive functions. Due to the soft and asymmetric structure, the millirobot not only shows robust multimodal locomotion, including controllable and transformable crawling, swinging and rolling, but also achieves an excellent capability of helical propulsion in water. Moreover, the robot also possesses outstanding obstacle‐crossing abilities, including helically propelling over obstacles (>2 body length), crawling within a 2 mm height tunnel and swinging through a 450 µm width channel. Furthermore, the robot can even squeeze its body to crawl through a tube easily via near‐infrared irradiation, which triggers the osmotic shrinking of its body. Notably, the robots also possess extraordinary environment‐adaptive functions, for example, leptocephali‐like optical camouflage in water, octopus‐like controllable delivery and variable appearance via visible color–shifting for interaction with the changing environment. These smart robotic systems would be of benefit in various fields via seamless integration of bioinspired design and smart materials.
Cubic NaSbS2 as an Ionic–Electronic Coupled Semiconductor for Switchable Photovoltaic and Neuromorphic Device Applications
Authors: Harikesh P. C. , Surendran Abhijith , Ghosh Biplab , John Rohit Abraham , Moorthy Arjun , Yantara Natalia , Salim Teddy , Thirumal Krishnamoorthy , Leong Wei Lin , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Mathews Nripan
Published: January 2020

The recent emergence of lead halide perovskites as ionic–electronic coupled semiconductors motivates the investigation of alternative solution‐processable materials with similar modulatable ionic and electronic transport properties. Here, a novel semiconductor—cubic NaSbS2—for ionic–electronic coupled transport is investigated through a combined theoretical and experimental approach. The material exhibits mixed ionic–electronic conductivity in inert atmosphere and superionic conductivity in humid air. It is shown that post deposition electronic reconfigurability in this material enabled by an electric field induces ionic segregation enabling a switchable photovoltaic effect. Utilizing post‐perturbation of the ionic composition of the material via electrical biasing and persistent photoconductivity, multistate memristive synapses with higher‐order weight modulations are realized for neuromorphic computing, opening up novel applications with such ionic–electronic coupled materials.
Recyclable Perovskite as Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Aminomethylation of Imidazo‐Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Shi Tao , Sun Kai , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Zhang Zhao‐Xin , Huang Xian‐Qiang , Peng Yu‐Yu , Qu Ling‐Bo , Yu Bing
Published: January 2020

A sustainable and cost‐effective protocol for direct aminomethylation of imidazo‐fused heterocycles by decarboxylative coupling reaction of N‐phenylglycines with imidazo‐fused heterocycles in the presence of CsPbBr3 under the irradiation of visible light has been developed. This is the first example of CsPbBr3‐catalyzed aminomethylation of imidazo‐fused heterocycles. The eminent advantage of this work is in that, CsPbBr3 is easily prepared and can be used at least 5 times without obvious reduction in its activity, exhibiting high catalyst economic feature.

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Estimating the population size of the Sanje mangabey (Cercocebus sanjei) using acoustic distance sampling
Authors: Paddock Christina Lynette , Bruford Michael William , McCabe Gráinne Michelle
Published: January 2020

The Sanje mangabey (Cercocebus sanjei) is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, and is classified as Endangered due to its putatively declining population size, habitat degradation and fragmentation. Previous population size estimates have ranged from 1,350 to 3,500 individuals, with the last direct survey being conducted 15 years before the present study. Previous estimates are now thought to have underestimated the population due to a limited knowledge of group and habitat size, nonsystematic approaches and the use of visual methods that are not suitable for surveying the Sanje mangabey with its semi‐terrestrial and elusive behaviors. We used an acoustic survey method with observers recording the distinctive “whoop‐gobble” vocalization produced by mangabeys and point transect distance sampling to model a detection function and estimate abundance. Twenty‐eight surveys were conducted throughout the two forests where Sanje mangabeys are found: Mwanihana forest in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (n = 13), and the Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve (n = 15). Group density was found to be significantly lower in the relatively unprotected Uzungwa Scarp forest (0.15 groups/km2; 95% CI: 0.08–0.27) compared to the well‐protected Mwanihana forest (0.29 groups/km2; 95% CI: 0.19–0.43; p = .03). We estimate that there are 1,712 (95% CI: 1,141–2,567) individuals in Mwanihana and 1,455 (95% CI: 783–2,702) in the Uzungwa Scarp, resulting in a total population size of 3,167 (95% CI: 2,181–4,596) individuals. The difference in group density between sites is likely a result of the differing protection status and levels of enforcement between the forests, suggesting that protection of the Uzungwa Scarp should be increased to encourage recovery of the population, and reduce the threat of degradation and hunting. Our results contribute to the reassessment of the species' IUCN Red List status and informing management and conservation action planning.
Biomimetic Strain‐Stiffening Self‐Assembled Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Yiming , Xu Zhi , Lovrak Matija , le Sage Vincent A. A. , Zhang Kai , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , Mendes Eduardo , van Esch Jan H.
Published: January 2020

Supramolecular structures with strain‐stiffening properties are ubiquitous in nature but remain rare in the lab. Herein, we report on strain‐stiffening supramolecular hydrogels that are entirely produced through the self‐assembly of synthetic molecular gelators. The involved gelators self‐assemble into semi‐flexible fibers, which thereby crosslink into hydrogels. Interestingly, these hydrogels are capable of stiffening in response to applied stress, resembling biological intermediate filaments system. Furthermore, strain‐stiffening hydrogel networks embedded with liposomes are constructed through orthogonal self‐assembly of gelators and phospholipids, mimicking biological tissues in both architecture and mechanical properties. This work furthers the development of biomimetic soft materials with mechanical responsiveness and presents potentially enticing applications in diverse fields, such as tissue engineering, artificial life, and strain sensors.
Dearomative Photocatalytic Construction of Bridged 1,3‐Diazepanes
Authors: Leitch Jamie A. , Rogova Tatiana , Duarte Fernanda , Dixon Darren J.
Published: January 2020

The construction of diverse sp3‐rich skeletal ring systems is of importance to drug discovery programmes and natural product synthesis. Herein, we report the photocatalytic construction of 2,7‐diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (bridged 1,3‐diazepanes) via a reductive diversion of the Minisci reaction. The fused tricyclic product is proposed to form via radical addition to the C4 position of 4‐substituted quinoline substrates, with subsequent Hantzsch ester‐promoted reduction to a dihydropyridine intermediate which undergoes in situ two‐electron ring closure to form the bridged diazepane architecture. A wide scope of N‐arylimine and quinoline derivatives was demonstrated and good efficiency was observed in the construction of sterically congested all‐carbon quaternary centers. Computational and experimental mechanistic studies provided insights into the reaction mechanism and observed regioselectivity/diastereoselectivity.
1,3‐Difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]Propellane via 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of Boronate Complexes
Authors: Yu Songjie , Jing Changcheng , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: January 2020

1,3‐Disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are valuable bioisosteres of para‐substituted aromatic rings. The most direct route to these structures is via multicomponent ring‐opening reactions of [1.1.1]propellane. However, challenges associated with these transformations mean that difunctionalized BCPs are more commonly prepared by multistep reaction sequences with BCP‐halide intermediates. Herein, we report three‐ and four‐component 1,3‐difunctionalizations of [1.1.1]propellane with organometallic reagents, organoboronic esters, and a variety of electrophiles. This process is achieved by trapping intermediate BCP‐metal species with boronic esters to form boronate complexes, which are versatile intermediates whose electrophile‐induced 1,2‐metallate rearrangement chemistry enables a broad range of C−C bond‐forming reactions.
Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Smith Peter T. , Kim Younghoon , Benke Bahiru Punja , Kim Kimoon , Chang Christopher J.
Published: January 2020

We report a supramolecular strategy for promoting the selective reduction of O2 for direct electrosynthesis of H2O2. We utilized cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (Co‐TPP), an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst with highly variable product selectivity, as a building block to assemble the permanently porous supramolecular cage Co‐PB‐1(6) bearing six Co‐TPP subunits connected through twenty‐four imine bonds. Reduction of these imine linkers to amines yields the more flexible cage Co‐rPB‐1(6). Both Co‐PB‐1(6) and Co‐rPB‐1(6) cages produce 90–100 % H2O2 from electrochemical ORR catalysis in neutral pH water, whereas the Co‐TPP monomer gives a 50 % mixture of H2O2 and H2O. Bimolecular pathways have been implicated in facilitating H2O formation, therefore, we attribute this high H2O2 selectivity to site isolation of the discrete molecular units in each supramolecule. The ability to control reaction selectivity in supramolecular structures beyond traditional host–guest interactions offers new opportunities for designing such architectures for a broader range of catalytic applications.
Green formulation and chemical characterization of Lens culinaris seed aqueous extract conjugated gold nanoparticles for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in comparison to mitoxantrone in a leukemic mouse model
Authors: Ahmeda Ahmad , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram
Published: January 2020

The high prevalence of cancer has been increased the rate of studying about the new formulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this regards, one of the suitable options is the use of metal nanoparticles for formulating these drugs. In the recent study, Lens culinaris seed aqueous extract conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are reported for the first time to exert a dietary therapeutic potential compared to mitoxantrone in an animal model of acute myeloid leukemia. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis., FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, and TEM. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of HAuCl4, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone. For the analyzing of cytotoxicity effects of HAuCl4, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone, MTT assay was used on HUVEC, 32D‐FLT3‐ITD, Human HL‐60/vcr, and Murine C1498 cell lines. In vivo assay, induction of acute myeloid leukemia was done by 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 75 mice. Then, the animals were randomly divided into six subgroups, including control, untreated, HAuCl4, L. culinaris, AuNPs, and mitoxantrone. SEM and TEM images showed uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 10–40 nm for the nanoparticles. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for mitoxantrone and AuNPs. Similar to mitoxantrone, AuNPs had low cell viability dose‐dependently against 32D‐FLT3‐ITD, Human HL‐60/vcr, and Murine C1498 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on HUVEC cell line. AuNPs and mitoxantrone significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen, the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the total WBC, blast, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts and increased the mRNA expression of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 and Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐5, the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and the lymphocyte, platelet, and RBC parameters as compared to the untreated mice. It looks that AuNPs can be administrated as a chemotherapeutic supplement or drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the clinical trial.
Formaldehyde‐free resin impregnated paper reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC): Formulation and property analysis
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Ji Meixiu , Chen Fengqing , Wang Zhe , Chen Wei , Xue Yuanyuan , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2020

The formaldehyde‐free resin impregnated paper is expected to be applied to interior decoration materials and furniture. This is not only conducive to the development of indoor environment toward green and environmental protection, but also beneficial to people's health. In this work, the formaldehyde‐free resin (waterborne polyurethane and waterborne acrylic acid) mixed with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were separately coated on a raw decorative paper by a dipping method to obtain formaldehyde‐free impregnated paper with outstanding surface bound strength and abrasion resistance. The surface bound strength and abrasion resistance were tested by means of universal ability test machine and abrasion tester. The results showed that waterborne polyurethane and waterborne acrylic acid enhanced by CNC had excellent dispersion, and the bonding properties of formaldehyde‐free impregnated paper were improved by 41.3 and 33.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the abrasion resistance of formaldehyde‐free impregnated paper was improved by the crystal effect of CNC. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48931.
Light Absorption Properties and Electronic Band Structures of Lead‐Vanadium Oxyhalide Apatites Pb5(VO4)3X (X=F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Oqmhula Kenji , Utimula Keishu , Eguchi Miharu , Oka Kengo , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: January 2020

The Pb‐V oxyhalide apatite compounds Pb5(VO4)3X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) were successfully synthesized using a facile solution method and studied with respect to their structural/optical characteristics and electronic band structures. UV‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and first‐principles calculations showed that the synthesized apatites behaved as n‐type semiconductors, with absorption bands in the UV‐visible region that could be assigned to electron transitions from the valence band to a conduction band formed by hybridized V 3d and Pb 6p orbitals. Among the apatites examined, Pb5(VO4)3I had the smallest band gap of 2.7 eV, due to an obvious contribution of I 5p orbitals to the valence band maximum. Based on its visible light absorption capability, Pb5(VO4)3I generated a continuous anodic photocurrent under visible light (λ>420 nm) in a solution of 0.1 m NaI in acetonitrile.
Intense green‐, red‐emitting Tb3+, Tb3+/Bi3+‐doped and Sm3+, Sm3+/La3+‐doped Ca2Al2SiO7 phosphors
Authors: Pawade V.B. , Kohale R.L. , Ovhal D.A. , Dhoble N.S. , Dhoble S.J.
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on an optical study of a Tb3+/Bi3+‐doped and Sm3+/La3+‐ doped Ca2Al2SiO7 phosphor synthesized using combustion methods. Here, Ca2Al2SiO7:Sm3+ showed a red emission band under visible light excitation but, when it co‐doped with La3+ ions, the emission intensity was further enhanced. Ca2Al2SiO7:Tb3+ shows the characteristic green emission band under near‐ultraviolet light excitation wavelengths, co‐doping with Bi3+ ions produced enhanced photoluminescence intensity with better colour tunable properties. The phosphor exhibited better phase purity and crystallinity, confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Binding energies of Ca(2p), Al(2p), Si(2p), O(1s) were studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reported phosphor may be a promising visible light excited red phosphor for light‐emitting diodes and energy conversion devices.