bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of efficacy of intercostal nerve block versus peritract infiltration with 0.25% bupivacaine in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gyawali Sushil , Luitel Bhoj Raj , Bhattarai Amit Sharma , Sharma Uttam Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Postoperative pain following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) adds to the morbidity of patients requiring additional analgesia. Various modalities of pain control techniques, such as intercostal nerve block (ICNB) and peritract infiltration (PTI), are being studied for better pain management. This study compares the efficacy of ICNB with PTI for postoperative pain management.

Methods:

A double-blinded, prospective, randomized control study was conducted, in which 0.25% bupivacaine, either ICNB or PTI, was given at the puncture site at the end of PCNL. The primary outcome was a comparison of postoperative pain score measured with resting Visual analogue Scale (r-VAS) and dynamic VAS (D-VAS) recorded at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 24 h, and at discharge. Injection ketorolac was given as rescue analgesia. Secondary outcomes include time to first rescue analgesia and total analgesic requirement (TAR).

Results:

Sixty patients were randomized into two equal groups with 63.3% male and 36.6% female, with a mean age of 37.25 ± 13.09 years. In Group ICNB, 24 (40%) and 6 (10%) patients and in Group PTI, 21 (35%) and 9 (15%) patients underwent standard and mini PCNL, respectively, in each group. All cases were PCNL doen in prone position. The mean R-VAS and D-VAS scores at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h were similar in both groups. The mean TAR was 56.84 ± 0.33.00 mg and 55.54 ± 0.29.64 mg of injection ketorolac in Group ICNB and PTI, respectively (P < 0.894). The time to first rescue analgesic demand were 7.11 ± 4.898 h and 6.25 ± 3.354 h (P < 0.527). Both the groups were comparable in terms of length of hospital stay, stone clearance rate, and complication rate.

Conclusion:

The ICNB was as efficacious as PTI for postoperative pain control with 0.25% bupivacaine following PCNL.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu expression in urothelial carcinomas
Authors: Soudamini Arsha Balakrishnan , Nalwa Aasma , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Rao Meenakshi , Elhence Poonam Abhay , Pandey Himanshu , Goel Akhil Dhanesh
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are more common in males, making them the sixth-most common cancer in men and the tenth-most common cancer overall, worldwide. Current guidelines do not recommend routine testing for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu) expression on the biopsy specimens of patients with urothelial carcinoma. This study was aimed at determining the expression pattern of HER2/neu and its usefulness in muscle-invasive and nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Methods:

HER2/neu expression was assessed in 89 specimens of urothelial cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and equivocal cases were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results:

On IHC for HER2/neu, 17.9% (7/39) of the muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) showed a 3+ expression, whereas 22% (11/50) of the non-muscle invasive cancers were positive with a score of 3+. A significant correlation between HER2/neu status and muscle invasion could not be established in the current study (P = 0.74, Fisher’s exact test). Three cases of muscle-invasive (7.7%) and 2 cases (4%) among nonmuscle invasive cancers showed equivocal expression. All the cases with equivocal (2+) expression on IHC were subjected to FISH and none showed gene amplification on hybridization and were considered as negative.

Conclusion:

Overexpression of HER-2/neu was seen in 17.9% of MIBCs and 22% of non-MIBCs. There are no norms for routine testing of HER2/neu expression in the biopsy specimens of urothelial carcinoma. There is an unmet need to establish guidelines for HER2/neu scoring, similar to that for breast and gastric cancers, to determine the proportion of positive cases and help in identification of those who may benefit from targeted therapies.
Medullary pyramids opacification in high-grade vesicoureteral reflux associated with posterior urethral valve
Authors: Pandit Shruti Rahul , Banait Yash , Kriplani Akshay Mahesh
Published: December 2023

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a common cause of obstructive uropathy in children, leading to renal failure and frequently associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We describe a rare presentation of high-grade VUR opacifying the renal pyramids in a 5-month-old child with sepsis and renal failure.
“Primary” bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis following pelvic fracture urethral injury: A rare surgical challenge
Authors: Singh Preet Mohan , Krishna Bhavya , Yadav Siddharth
Published: December 2023

Ischemic necrosis of the bulbar urethra in a patient with pelvic fracture urethral injury without a prior history of surgical intervention is extremely rare and results in long-segment obliterative strictures that are difficult to manage. Instead of the more traditional approach of vascular reconstruction followed by transpubic end-to-end urethroplasty, these patients are better managed by up-front urethroplasty with a tubed flap or as a staged procedure with grafting and tubularization. Herein, we report a case of primary bulbar urethral ischemic necrosis due to pelvic fracture managed with tubularized preputial flap (McAninch flap) urethroplasty.
Irreversible electroporation as a focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Prabhakar Pushan , Avudaiappan Arjun Pon , Sandman Mayer , Eldefrawy Ahmed , Caso Jorge , Narayanan Govindarajan , Manoharan Murugesan
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new and promising focal therapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. In this systematic review, we summarize the literature on IRE for prostate cancer published over the last decade.

Methods:

PubMed and EMBASE were searched with the end date of May 2023 to find relevant publications on prostate cancer ablation using IRE. Original studies with focal IRE as the primary curative treatment which reported on functional or oncological outcomes were included. The bibliography of relevant studies was also scanned to identify suitable articles.

Results:

A total of 14 studies reporting on 899 patients treated with IRE for localized prostate cancer were included. Of all the studies reviewed, 77% reported on recurrence within the zone of ablation, and it ranged from 0% to 38.9% for in-field and 3.6% to 28% for out-of-field recurrence. Although, a standardised follow-up protocol was not followed, all the studies employed serial prostate-specific antigen monitoring, a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and a biopsy (6–12 months post-treatment). Across all the studies, 58% reported that the urinary continence returned to the pretreatment levels and 25% reported a minor decrease in the continence from the baseline at 12-months of follow-up. Erections sufficient for intercourse varied from 44% to 75% at the baseline to 55% to 100% at 12-months of follow-up across all the studies.

Conclusion:

IRE, as a focal therapy, shows promising results with minimal complications and reasonably effective oncological control, but the data comparing it to the standard of care is still lacking. Future research should focus on randomized definitive comparisons between IRE, radical prostatectomy, and radiation therapy.
Aberrantly expressed HIF-1α enhances HCC stem cell-like traits via Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation after insufficient radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chen Ruoxue , Cao Xin , Wang Lu
Published: December 2023

Background:

Radiofrequency ablation has become a favorable treatment modality for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recently; however, insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was shown to lead to enhanced invasiveness and metastasis of HCC in our previous study, while the underlying molecular mechanism has not been understood.

Materials and Methods:

In order to explore the influence of the hypoxic microenvironment on residual cancer and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics of HCC cells in this process, anin vitrohypoxic model and an insufficient RFA mouse model were established with HCC cancer cell lines. Immunochemistry staining and western blot were used to examine the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and liver CSC markers. The 3D colon formation assay, tumor cell invasion assay, and gene transfection assays were applied to test the change in liver CSC stemness and HCC cell invasion.

Results:

After insufficient RFA treatment, the upregulated HIF-1α expression was associated with an increase in the CSC-like population in residual cancer.In vitro, hypoxic tumor cells showed aggressive CSC-like properties and phenotypes. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation was shown to be necessary for the acquisition of liver CSC-like characteristics under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion:

Overall, the aberrantly enhanced HIF-1α expression enhanced the liver CSC-like traits via abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation after insufficient RFA, and the overexpressed HIF-1α would be a vital factor and useful biomarker during the HCC recurrence and metastasis.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres® microsphere-transarterial chemoembolization in large hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chunhui , Peng Changli , Liu Fei , Xiao Juxiong , Li Gang , Chen Changyong , Shi Liangrong , Li Haiping
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The prognosis of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unfavorable due to limited and challenging treatment. CalliSpheres® microsphere-transarterial chemoembolization (CSM-TACE) is an effective therapy for general HCC but not frequently applied for large HCC. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CSM-TACE in large HCC patients.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study analyzed 100 large HCC (tumor size >5 cm) patients receiving CSM-TACE. Treatment response, survival, change in liver function indexes, and adverse events were recorded.

Result:

The best complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease rates were 2.0%, 31.3%, 65.7%, and 1.0%, respectively, leading to the best objective response rate (ORR) of 33.3% and disease control rate of 99.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that intrahepatic metastasis was independently related to poor ORR (odd ratio = 0.366, P = 0.023). The 1- and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 88.9% and 80.6%, with a mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] PFS of 21.6 (20.4–22.9) months. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 99.0% and 99.0%, with a mean (95% CI) OS of 23.8 (23.3–24.2) months. Total bilirubin (P < 0.001), alanine transaminase (P < 0.001), aspartate transaminase (P < 0.001), and α-fetoprotein (P = 0.045) were abnormal in a short-term period then stably recovered from 1 month ± 15 days after drug-eluting bead-TACE to 24 months ± 15 days. During hospitalization and postdischarge, tolerable abdominal pain and decreased appetite were common adverse events.

Conclusions:

CSM-TACE shows favorable treatment response and survival with acceptable tolerance among large HCC patients, indicating that it may promote the management of these patients.
EGFR-targeting peptide conjugated polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles for delivery of salinomycin to osteosarcoma
Authors: Du Longhai , Xu Yanlong , Han Binxu , Wang Yu , Zeng Qingmin , Shao Minghao , Yu Zuochong
Published: December 2023

Context:

Salinomycin (SAL) is a chemotherapeutic drug with anti-osteosarcoma efficacy, but its hydrophobic properties have hindered its application. Nanoparticles have been widely used as drug carriers to improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. The dodecapeptide GE11 has been shown to have great binding affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is highly overexpressed in osteosarcoma.

Materials and Methods:

We designed novel SAL-loaded GE11-conjugated polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles (GE11-NPs-SAL) to target osteosarcoma. The characterization and antitumor activity of GE11-NPs-SAL were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

The results showed that GE11-NPs-SAL had a size of ~100 nm with a high encapsulation efficacy of ~80%. Compared with the non-targeted nanoparticles, GE11-NPs-SAL showed increased internalization in osteosarcoma cells and improved therapeutic efficacy in osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

GE11-NPs-SAL is a promising treatment for osteosarcoma.
In vitro characteristics of Epirubicin-loaded thermosensitive liquid embolic agent
Authors: He Ji’an , Li Mei , Xu Yan , Fan Ning , Tian Chong , Lv Tianye , Xing Wenge , Yu Haipeng
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To investigate the drug loading and release rate of epirubicin-loaded thermosensitive liquid embolic agents in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

The drug loading and stability of epirubicin-loaded thermosensitive liquid embolic agents with or without iopromide were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the same method was used to determine the drug release rate of thermosensitive liquid embolic agents at different time points.

Results:

For epirubicin-loaded thermosensitive liquid embolic agents without iopromide, the average drug loading after filtration by membrane was (0.78 ± 0.02) mg and the drug loading rate was (16.1 ± 0.35)%, while the average drug loading without membrane was (0.73 ± 0.06) mg and the drug loading rate was (15.07 ± 1.17)%. After adding iopromide, the drug loading capacity was measured from 0 h–24 h solution and the drug loading was calculated indirectly and conclude that the drug loading capacity of thermosensitive liquid embolic agents decreased or disappeared. The sustained release rate of epirubicin from 0 to 48 hours was 42.65% in 48 hours.

Conclusion:

Epirubicin can be successfully loaded into the thermosensitive liquid embolic agents with good stability and sustained release. After adding iopromide, the drug loading capacity of thermosensitive liquid embolic agents decreased or disappeared.
Local treatment of liver metastasis in a patient with advanced malignant melanoma: A case report
Authors: Hong Hongxi , Shen Lujun , Tan Hongtong , Wu Ying , Liu Ying , Fan Weijun
Published: December 2023

Melanoma is a fatal malignant tumor with a high rate of metastasis. Liver metastasis of melanoma is always associated with insensitivity to immunotherapy and a poor prognosis. However, the combination of cryoablation, which is believed to stimulate the antitumor immune response in the body, with immunotherapy can improve the therapeutic response to this condition. Herein, we present the case of a 79-year-old woman with BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene) wild-type melanoma who later developed liver metastasis. The patient received intravenous antiprogrammed cell death 1 antibody, which showed poor efficacy, and subsequent treatment with immunotherapy combined with cryoablation yielded a partial response. However, after the second cryoablation, the patient refused further treatment due to a fear of bleeding. Therefore, only immunotherapy was provided, which resulted in disease progression. This report demonstrates the need to consider immunotherapy plus cryoablation for the treatment of liver metastases in patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma.
Tamoxifen induces ferroptosis in MCF-7 organoid
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhong Fei , Sun Shishen , Ou Xiaowei , Yuan Jie , Zhu Jintao , Zeng Zhiqiang
Published: December 2023

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common female malignant tumor type globally. The occurrence and development of breast cancer involve ferroptosis, which is closely related to its treatment. The development of breast cancer organoids facilitates the analysis of breast cancer molecular background and tumor biological behavior, including clinical pathological characteristics, drug response, or drug resistance relationship, and promotes the advancement of precision treatment for breast cancer. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture of breast cancer MCF-7 organoid is more similar to the in vivo environment and thus obtains more realistic results than 2D cell culture. Our study examined the new mechanism of tamoxifen in treating breast cancer through breast cancer MCF-7 organoids.

Methods:

We used 3D cells to culture breast cancer MCF-7 organoid, as well as tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7 TAMR) cells. We used transcriptome sequencing. We detected GPX4 and SLC7A11 protein levels using Western blotting and the content of ATP, glutathione, and ferrous ions using the Cell Counting Lite 3D Kit. We assessed cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.

Results:

Tamoxifen significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 organoids and significantly induced ferroptosis in MCF-7 organoids. The ferroptosis inhibitor reversed the significant tamoxifen-induced MCF-7 organoid inhibition activity. Moreover, the ferroptosis activator enhanced the tamoxifen-induced MCF-7 TAMR cell activity inhibition.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that ferroptosis plays an important role in tamoxifen-induced MCF-7 organoid cell death and provides a new research idea for precise treatment of breast cancer through an organoid model.
Chinese expert consensus on the management of patients with hematologic malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Jun , Shao Liang , Liang Jing , Wu Qingming , Zhu Baoli , Deng Qiwen , Liu Zelin , Liu Liqiong , Wang Danyu , Yu Zhijian , Tan Xiaohua , Wang Fuxiang , Meng Jingye , Xu Xiaojun , Xia Zhongjun , Li Zhiming , Wang Hua , Wang Liang , Wu Wei , Xie Qi , Huang Xiaoxing , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Yu , Zhou Hao , Zhou Hui , Yang Wenyan , Ren Hua , Liu Zhe , Qiao Mingqiang , Tang Feifei , Qi Xiaofei , Wu Huijing , Deng Lijuan , Gao Li , Zhang Hongyan , Chen Peng , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Xinyou , Zhou Jihao , Chuanqing TU , Guan Ling , Yin Qian , Shu Rong , Chen Feng , He Mingxin , Wang Qiang , Guo Zhi ,   Tumor and Microecology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association,   Chinese Collaborative Group on Transformation of Infectious Immunology and Microecology Research
Published: December 2023

In December 2022, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became dominant in China due to its high infectivity and lower mortality rate. The risk of critical illness and mortality among patients with hematologic malignancies who contracted SARS-CoV-2 was particularly high. The aim of this study was to draft a consensus to facilitate effective treatments for these patients based on the type and severity of the disease. Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China, a steering committee consisting of experienced hematologists was formed by the Specialized Committee of Oncology and Microecology of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. The expert group drafted a consensus on the management and intervention measures for different types of hematologic malignancies based on the clinical characteristics of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with relevant guidelines and literature. The expert group drafted independent recommendations on several important aspects based on the epidemiology of the Omicron variant in China and the unique vulnerability of patients with hematologic malignancies. These included prophylactic vaccinations for those with hematologic malignancies, the use of plasma from blood donors who recovered from the novel coronavirus infection, the establishment of negative pressure wards, the use of steady-state mobilization of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells, the provision of psychological support for patients and medical staff, and a focus on maintaining a healthy intestinal microecology.
Prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Mehra Manisha , Joshi Poonam , Tiwari Surya Kant , Aggrawal Praveen , Chandelia Kamlesh , Raghavan Srinithya
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

The present study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department (OPD) after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among 117 OPD nurses between October and December 2021 using a purposive sampling technique. Two self-reported standardized scales, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and Insomnia Severity Index were used. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used. Pearson’s correlation and Scatter plot were used to determine the relationship between the study variables. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was also performed.

Results:

The majority of participants had slight smartphone addiction (78.6%) and suffered from sub-threshold to severe forms of insomnia (73.5%). A significant mild positive correlation was found between smartphone addiction and insomnia (r = 0.195, P < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis predicted factors such as female gender and exposure to smartphones for more than 5 years influencing smartphone addiction. A strong influence of exposure to the smartphone for more than 5 years was found on insomnia severity.

Conclusion:

Smartphone addiction and insomnia were identified problems among nurses working in the OPD after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring an urgent need to identify and manage various factors responsible for smartphone addiction and insomnia such as female gender and years of exposure to smartphones.
Exploring internship nursing students’ perception of gerontological nursing competencies: A descriptive study at Cairo University Hospitals
Authors: Eldardery Naglaa El-Sayed , Ebied Ebtesam Mo’awad El-Sayed , Mohammed Yousef , Khodary Kholoud , Mohammed Basmala , Mohammed Sara , Mohammed Kholoud , Kamal Ahmed , Shaban Mostafa
Published: December 2023

Objective:

This research study explores the perceptions of gerontological nursing competencies, attitudes toward older individuals, and the willingness to provide care for the elderly among internship nursing students.

Materials and Methods:

A convenience sample of 350 internship nursing students from Cairo University Faculty of Nursing participated in the study. Data were collected using a set of comprehensive tools, including personal data and work experience assessment, the Hartford geriatric nurse competency tool, Kogan’s attitudes toward old people scale, and the modified elderly patient care inventory.

Results:

Descriptive analysis revealed balanced gender representation, with 60% identifying as female. Seventy percent of participants reported prior experience in gerontological care. Self-assessed competency scores indicated moderate proficiency in communication, physiological changes, and functional status assessment. Areas such as pain management and restraint use demonstrated potential gaps in self-perceived skills. Attitudes toward older individuals were predominantly positive, and the willingness to provide care showed positive tendencies, with a minor degree of hesitation noted.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in nursing education to address competency gaps, enhance positive attitudes, and alleviate potential hesitations in caregiving for older individuals. As the elderly population continues to grow, nursing education programs must prepare future practitioners to deliver comprehensive and compassionate care tailored to the unique needs of older adults.
Executive Functions, Processing Speed, and Memory Performance: Untangling the Age-related Effects
Authors: Saikia Bhaswati , Tripathi Ravikesh
Published: December 2023

Context:

Age-related decline in memory function is a universal phenomenon. However, several factors are known to affect memory decline associated with aging.

Aim:

The present research aimed to study the differences between young adults and older adults in neurocognitive functions. It also aimed to examine the relative contribution of aging and executive functions to memory performance.

Subjects and Methods:

The sample consisted of two groups: 43 young adults and 40 older adults. Participants were selected from the community using purposive sampling. Each participant underwent screening using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, Modified Mini Screen, and Global Cognitive Screen. A detailed neuropsychological assessment was individually conducted using standardized measures of executive functions, processing speed, episodic memory, and semantic memory. We examined group differences between younger and older participants using the Mann Whitney U test. Additionally, we investigated the contributions of age, processing speed, and executive function to memory through stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results:

Analysis of the results suggests significantly worse performance by older participants compared to younger participants on learning and memory (p<.001), semantic memory (p<.001), processing speed (p<.001), and executive functions (p<.001). Our results further indicate that age, processing speed, and executive functions were associated with better performance in learning and memory. However, age emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by processing speed and working memory.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that aging plays the most significant role in predicting the decline of learning and memory, as well as semantic memory. However, executive functions and processing speed can differentially influence age-associated memory decline. Future studies are warranted on larger populations and more diverse age groups to better comprehend the differential roles of speed, executive functions, and aging on memory performance. We recommend developing age- and education-based normative data for neuropsychological tools specifically tailored to the Indian population.
Environmental Quality of Life and Psychological Distress of Emerging Adults in Flood-Affected Areas of Assam, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Basistha Banani , Paul Fayaz Ahmad , Ali Arif , Saikia Sekhar Jyoti
Published: December 2023

Background:

Psychological reactions after any catastrophe can vary from person to person and from disaster to disaster depending upon the level of exposure, the extent of loss, coping mechanisms, and social support available at that time.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine mental health-related issues experienced by emerging adults as a result of flooding in various localities of Assam, which are considered to be as worst affected areas.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional research study and was conducted among the emerging adults of flood-affected areas of Assam amid the issues of ongoing floods between June and July 2022. The convenience sampling method was used in the selection of emerging adults in the age group of 18–25 years, residing in Assam during flooding situations. To measure psychological distress, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was used. Additionally, to measure an individual’s perception of general health, environmental quality of life, and people’s perception of the overall quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale was used.

Results:

The findings show that a significant difference was not found between emerging adults who had flood issues on their property and those who had not gone through in the domain of depression (Mann–Whitney U = 1644.0, p=.85), anxiety (Mann–Whitney U = 1657.0, p=.91), and stress (Mann–Whitney U = 1634.0, p=.81). Significant group difference was seen in the environmental quality of life (Mann–Whitney U = 945.5, p<.001), the individual’s perception of general health (Mann–Whitney U = 1225.0, p=.01), and the individual’s perception of overall quality of life (Mann–Whitney U = 991.5, p<.001). It was found that depression had a significant negative correlation with an individual’s perception of general health (r = −0.172, p=.045). Additionally, anxiety had a significant negative correlation with the individual’s perception of general health (r = −0.193, p=.024). Stress had a significant negative correlation with an individual’s perception of general health (r = −0.169, p=.048).

Conclusion:

The results in the present study help to comprehend emerging adults’ psychological responses to disasters and have practical insinuations for service planning and delivery. It is very important to strengthen mental health care and psychological consultation facilities, to mitigate, control, and prevent mental health problems.
Prescription Pattern of Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rural Karnataka
Authors: Javed Nameerah , Binny Benison , Sequeira Dafney Viola , Mathew Vinod K. , Pandiyan Kasthuri
Published: December 2023

Background:

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition that affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. The complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia presents various challenges for researchers and doctors. Therefore, it is crucial to curate robust pharmacotherapy for patients with schizophrenia to ease their symptoms. Establishing proper standards for patient care requires an ammunition of research studies done on the disease and its therapy, upon which health-care practitioners can rely for future patient care. Unfortunately, there is a void of adequate research studies done on understanding the prescription patterns of schizophrenia in India, especially in rural areas. To improve patient outcomes, there is a need for increased research on this particular subject.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the prescription pattern of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia at a tertiary care hospital in rural Karnataka.

Setting and Design:

This is an observational study carried out in MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, India.

Materials and Methods:

The study included a total of 139 inpatients, regardless of their age and sex, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months, from February 2022 to July 2022. Data collection involved a case record form (CRF) designed for assessing treatment patterns. An investigator was assigned to the Department of Psychiatry, where patients with schizophrenia were discovered and after reviewing their medication chart, necessary data were filled into the CRF. The obtained data were then compiled and assessed.

Results:

Paranoid schizophrenia was the major subclass (90.0%). The prescription pattern showed that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were prescribed more than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), 112 (81.29%) and 41 (29.5%) prescriptions, respectively. In SGAs, tablet olanzapine received the most prescriptions which was 42 (30.22%). Tablet haloperidol was the major FGA to be prescribed receiving 18 prescriptions (12.95%). This study also included the assessment of combination drugs which showed that tablet risperidone + tablet trihexyphenidyl was the most prescribed combination drug 118 (78.43%).

Conclusion:

Our study showed that our findings aligned with several similar studies and also differed from a few, underscoring the need for further research and individualized treatment approaches to manage this complex psychiatric disorder.
B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia: Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes at a Tertiary Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Babu M. C. Suresh , Choudhary Akansha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Lokesh K. N. , Rudresha A. H. , Rajeev L. K. , Saldanha Smitha C , Hegde Anup Rajendra , Bharatnur Shankar Anand
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy considered to have an aggressive course. At diagnosis, most patients have prominent splenomegaly, minor involvement of lymph nodes, and marked leukocytosis with a predominance of prolymphocytes. It is usually treated on similar lines as chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to study the clinicopathological profile and treatment outcomes of B-PLL patients treated at a tertiary cancer center in South India.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, the patients diagnosed with B-PLL from August 2020 to July 2022 were included and reviewed for clinical characteristics, pathological findings, and treatment outcomes. The patient's data were collected from hospital medical records and analyzed.

Results:

Five patients were diagnosed as B-PLL over a period of 2 years. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. In this series, all the patients presented with high white blood cell (WBC) count ≥50,000 WBC per microliter and splenomegaly was seen in 80%, including massive splenomegaly in 60% of patients. Three patients were treated with bendamustine–rituximab regimen, one patient received single-agent bendamustine, and rest one patient died of tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy. Three patients demonstrated partial remission during interim evaluation and rest two patients died of their disease.

Conclusion:

B-PLL demonstrates a spectrum of clinical features with variation in the extent of the splenomegaly, leukocyte counts, and aggressiveness. This study shows a plethora of clinical features ranging from slowly progressive to rapidly fatal disease.
In Vitro Stability of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides of Rohu Fish Waste to Heat, pH and Gastrointestinal Enzymes
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Shakila Robinson Jeya , Muzaddadi Armaan Ullah , Jeyasekaran Geevaretnam , Sukumar Durairaj , Padmavathy Pandurengan
Published: December 2023

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides were prepared from rohu (Labeo rohita) fish wastes by enzymatic hydrolysis [1.1% alcalase concentration (v/w); 130 min time; 52°C temperature and 0.8:1 solid-liquid ratio]. Ultrasound Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (UAEE) and Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (MAEE) were performed to enhance degree of hydrolysis (DH), ACEi activity, and peptide yield (PY). The ACEi peptides were examined for stability during thermal processing, varied pH treatments and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Peptides were stable at different temperatures (25, 37, 55, 75, and 100°C) except at 121°C which reduced their stability by 7%, 6.9% and 2.2% in UAEE, MAEE and Non-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction (NAEE) peptides, respectively. Similarly, peptides retained ACEi at pH 2 to 8 and subsequent reduction at pH>8. In vitro digestion studies showed stability of all peptides to GI digestion at 0.05% pepsin, 0.05% trypsin, 0.05% chymotrypsin and the combination of 0.025% trypsin and 0.025% chymotrypsin except MAEE peptides showing less stability with pepsin (0.05%). Therefore, it is concluded that these ACEi peptides derived from rohu fish waste, stable to heat, pH and gastrointestinal enzymatic action, can be used as ingredient in functional foods, which undergo thermal processing and digestion.
Complete Replacement of Fish Meal with Potential Aquafeed Ingredients for Rainbow Trout in Iran
Authors: Salehi Hamed , Reiser Stefan , Pourkazemi Mohammad , Focken Ulfert
Published: December 2023

Iran, as one of the largest rainbow trout producers in the world, needs sustainable aquafeed resources to fulfill the requirements of this growing industry. Therefore, locally available canola meal, feather meal, blood meal and poultry by-product meal were evaluated on their suitability for feeding rainbow trout. Fish growth performance and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients were investigated for three casein-based fish meal-free diets, a practical feed including 10% spray-dried blood meal, 22% poultry by-product meal, 10% feather meal (GOLDMEHL®), 10% canola meal and 15.5% wheat flour in comparison to a commercial diet containing fish meal. The diets were allocated to aquaria in three replicates arranged in a random-block-design. Findings of the present study illustrated that growth performance remained unchanged (p>0.05) among fish fed fish meal-free diets and the commercial one. Formulating aquafeed using properly processed local feed ingredients such as poultry slaughterhouse by-products, canola meal, and crystalline amino acids can provide a sustainable solution to meet the feed requirements of the growing aquaculture industry on a regional scale. This research shows the potential for using locally available resources in aquafeed manufacturing.
Advancing Passenger Experience and Reliability of Autonomous Buses through LiFi Technology
Authors: Dawoud Diana Wasfi , Mukhtar Husameldin , Copiaco Abigail , Mansoor Wathiq , Atalla Shadi
Published: December 2023

Light fidelity (LiFi) technology holds immense potential to revolutionize wireless communication networks by utilizing light bulbs for reliable and cost-effective interconnections. Integration of LiFi technology with advanced solutions is proposed to significantly enhance the passenger experience in autonomous buses. The reliability and performance limitations inherent in traditional radio frequency (RF) technologies are addressed, resulting in a consistent and reliable wireless connection for self-driving cars. The proposed solution incorporates key features such as a LiFi-powered real-time tracking and notification system, on-board assistance for seat location, and precise bus seat occupancy information gathering. Additionally, the paper aims to improve punctuality through a LiFi-powered passenger boarding system, facilitating the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles as a trusted and efficient mode of transportation. A thorough technical examination and a successful demonstration validate the practical applicability of the proposed solution, improving safety, convenience, and reliability in practical scenarios.
The Operation Phase as the Currently Underestimated Phase of the (Safety and Legal) Product Lifecycle of Autonomous Vehicles for SAE L3/L4 – Lessons Learned from Existing European Operations and Development of a Deployment and Surveillance Blueprint
Authors: Bublitz Lucas , Herdrich Michael
Published: December 2023

Advanced Autonomous Vehicles (AV) for SAE Level 3 and Level 4 functions will lead to a new understanding of the operation phase in the overall product lifecycle. Regulations such as the EU Implementing Act and the German L4 Act (AFGBV) request a continuous field surveillance, the handling of critical E/E faults and software updates during operation. This is required to enhance the Operational Design Domain (ODD) during operation, offering Functions on Demand (FoD), by increasing software features within these autonomous vehicle systems over the entire digital product lifecycle, and to avoid and reduce downtime by a malfunction of the Autonomous Driving (AD) software stack. Supported by implemented effective management systems for Cyber Security (R155), Software Update Management System (R156) and a Safety Management System (SMS) (in compliance to Automated Lane Keeping System (ALKS) (R157)), the organizations have to ensure safe and secure development, deployment and operation to fulfill legal requirements. Based on senior expert interviews from relevant AD stakeholders, a blueprint is developed to support the deployment and scalability of AD systems. Relevant roles for the operation will be presented and current gaps in the industry, regulation and academia are highlighted.
Rethinking V2X: Embracing User-First Development for Industry Advancement
Authors: Raddaoui Omar
Published: December 2023

American roadway safety is facing significant challenges. With traffic and pedestrian fatalities approaching record levels, a paradigm shift from Proof of Technology (PoT) to Proof of Value (PoV) will promote the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) industry advancement. While a PoT-driven ecosystem has spurred the advancement of the V2X space, this paper underscores the value of a PoV mindset where solutions are focused on the user instead of being technologically driven. Users do not think in terms of minimum viable products (MVP). Instead, they anticipate useful, usable, and lovable products. Putting customers in sharp focus and planning products and services around their needs will pave the way for their widespread adoption and acceptance of V2X technology. This paper concludes with a call to make technology subservient to human needs rather than the other way around.
PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR FISIK DAN NON FISIK WASIT SEPAKBOLA ASOSIASI PSSI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Tawakal Tawakal , Munzir Munzir
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan standar fisik dan non fisik wasit sepakbola Asosiasi PSSI Kabupaten Aceh Besar yang memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas serta dapat dipergunakan sebagai acuan standar standar wasit sepakbola Asosiasi PSSI Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini diambil sejumlah 5 sampel. Hasil dari penelitian yang sudah diperoleh berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan, pengembangan standar fisik dan non fisik wasit sepakbola Asosiasi Provinsi PSSI  yang memiliki dua standar yang masing-masing standar tediri dari 7 aspek untuk standar fisik, dan 15 aspek untuk  standar  non fisik  wasit. Bedasarkan standar fisik dan standar non fisik wasit semua dapat diikutsertakan dalam skala pengembagan wasit sepakbola karena memiliki tingkat kesahihan yang sedang dengan perolehan nilai indeks validitas 0,485 sehingga dapat digunakan untuk bahan standar fisik dan standar non fisik. Sedangkan nilai indeks reliabilitas memiliki tingkat kehandalan yang sedang dengan perolehan nilai indeks reliabilitas, 0,443, sehingga dapat digunakan dalam standar fisik dan non fisik wasit sepakbola Asosiasi PSSI Kabupaten Aceh Besar.AbstractThe aim of this research is to develop physical and non-physical standards for football referees for the PSSI Association of Aceh Besar Regency which have validity and reliability and can be used as a standard reference for football referee standards for the PSSI Association of Aceh Besar Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach, the number of samples taken in this research was 5 samples. The results of the research that have been obtained are based on analysis and discussion, the development of physical and non-physical standards for football referees at the PSSI Provincial Association, which has two standards, each standard consisting of 7 aspects for physical standards, and 15 aspects for non-physical standards for referees. Based on physical standards and non-physical standards, all referees can be included in the football referee development scale because they have a moderate level of validity with a validity index value of 0.485 so they can be used for physical standards and non-physical standards. Meanwhile, the reliability index value has a moderate level of reliability with a reliability index value of 0.443, so it can be used in the physical and non-physical standards for football referees from the PSSI Association of Aceh Besar Regency.
The Effectiveness of Aerobic Gymnastics Program in Lowering Blood Pressure in Elderly People with Hypertension: A Case Study in Cibungur Village
Authors: Sidiq Fahmi
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise program on lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension in Cibungur Village. The study population consisted of 40 elderly people with certain inclusion criteria who lived in Cibungur Village and had the physical ability to perform gymnastic movements. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data were measured before and after the implementation of the hypertensive gymnastics program. The research design used was pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. Aerobic gymnastics programs involve movements such as High Footsteps, Boxing and Kicking Stances, Side Steps, Sliding Kicks, Skipping Ropes, and Body Stretching and Warm-Up. Gymnastics programs are run in regular sessions supervised by experienced instructors. Blood pressure measurement is done using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.

The results showed that aerobic exercise programs produced positive changes in the blood pressure of elderly people with hypertension. There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after participating in the gymnastics program. Data analysis showed a significant impact of gymnastics programs in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive elderly populations.

This research has important implications for efforts to prevent and manage hypertension in the elderly. Aerobic exercise programs can be an effective alternative and can be implemented easily to help lower blood pressure in the elderly population with hypertension. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and control groups can provide deeper insights into the benefits and effectiveness of gymnastics programs in the management of hypertension in the elderly.
The Influence of Ad Creativity, Message Quality, and Viewing Frequency on Consumer Purchase Intention: Case Study on Students of Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya
Authors: Saputra Jumadil , Sidiq Fahmi
Published: December 2023

This research focuses on advertising effectiveness by considering three key variables, namely advertising creativity, message quality, and viewing frequency. The main objective of the study is to assess the influence of these advertising effectiveness variables, which include Advertising Creativity, Message Quality, and frequency views, on consumer purchase intention. In addition, this study also aims to identify which variables are dominant in influencing consumer purchase intentions.

This study uses the Multiple Linear Regression analysis method with the help of SPSS software version 22.0. The research population consists of students of Universitas Perjuangan who have watched Mi Indomie television advertisements at least 3 times. The research sample consisted of 170 respondents selected using non-probability sampling technique with accidental sampling method, namely by distributing questionnaires as a data collection tool.

The results showed that the variables of advertising creativity, message quality, and frequency of ad viewing have a positive and significant influence on consumer buying interest. The results of the analysis also indicate that the advertising creativity variable is the most dominant variable in influencing consumer buying interest. Thus, this study provides further understanding of how advertising effectiveness, especially through improving advertising creativity, message quality, and frequency of ad serving, can increase consumer purchase intention. These findings can be a valuable guide for advertising and marketing practitioners in designing more effective advertising campaigns.
Determination of Insurance Premiums to Mitigate the Risk of Company Losses Due to Supplier Failure Using Black-Scholes-Merton Model
Authors: Sitepu Jessica Novia , Subartini Betty , Sukono Sukono
Published: December 2023

The Micro and Small Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia has made a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy. However, MSMEs in Indonesia face various challenges that may occur in the future, for example, supplier failure. Therefore, it is essential to determine the right form of risk mitigation to reduce the impact of supplier failure for MSMEs, and one such approach is to have insurance. This study aims to calculate the premium price using the Black-Scholes-Merton model approach. The data used is the aggregate losses experienced by MSMEs fostered partners of PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk. Data simulation was generated on lognormal distribution to determine the premium price. The application of the Black-Scholes-Merton model on the calculations showed that MSMEs have to pay a premium of IDR 4.165.061 for one year.