bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nietzschean Language Models and Philosophical Chatbots: Outline of a Critique of AI
Authors: Kosar Anthony
Published: December 2024

Developers of the deep learning algorithms known as large language models (LLMs) sometimes give the impression that they are producing a likeness to the human brain: data-processing ‘neural networks’ are ‘taught’ to recognize patterns in language and then, based on this pattern recognition, create or generate new content in the form of natural, humanlike speech, writing, images, etc. The results have been unsettling to some; less appreciated are the metaphysical assumptions underlying the attribution of any meaningful agency whatsoever to an algorithm. In this essay, Nietzsche’s thoughts on the “seduction of grammar” form the basis of one possible critique of generative AI – a critique, moreover, which exposes our society’s current fixation with LLMs for what it is: a fetishization and humanization of new technologies.
The Jan Hus Analogy in Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil §24
Authors: Wood William
Published: December 2024

Beyond Good and Evil is often, although not universally, regarded as Nietzsche’s most important work of philosophy. The second part of this book, “The Free Spirit,” is often regarded as the most important part of this book. Yet the opening aphorism 24 of this part – arguably the most important part of arguably Nietzsche’s most important book – has not received the attention it deserves. This essay focuses on the analogy between the philosopher and the Czech free thinker Jan Hus which structures this part. It focuses on the use which Nietzsche makes of this analogy and its relationship to his views about free causality and natural determinism.
Analyzing publication activity to explore vectors of institutional scientific cooperation
Authors: Bakanova N. B.
Published: December 2024

The author explores one of the aspects of data analysis of the publication activity of scientific institution researchers. In particular, she discusses the possibility of assessing the interest that research centers, research and scientific-production organizations take in the research projects by scientific organizations. For this purpose, the author proposes to use databases of publication activity of researchers as the information source. The author refers to the data on copublishing by partner organizations, which enables to evaluate the interest of these organizations in cooperation on the projects within their specialized focus. To obtain estimates, the statistical approach and multicriteria analysis were applied.
Modul Keanekaragaman Hayati Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing: Urgensi Pengembangan Media di Sekolah Berbasis Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Fathir Akhmad , Syarofah Iin , Antika Linda Tri
Published: December 2024

Penyediaan sumber daya pengajaran yang lebih luas dan inovatif seperti modul pembelajaran sangat penting untuk mencapai hasil pembelajaran yang efektif terutama di sekolah berbasis pondok pesantren. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan modul keanekaragaman hayati berbasis inkuiri terbimbing untuk kelas X MA di lingkungan sekolah berbasis pondok pesantren. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model 4-D (define, design, development, dan dissemination). Validasi dilakukan oleh satu ahli materi, satu ahli desain, dan satu guru biologi. Responden terbatas hanya terdiri dari enam siswa kelas X IPA MA Miftahul Ulum Bettet Pamekasan tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner checklist menggunakan Rating Scale dan dilakukan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,  modul memperoleh nilai dengan kriteria layak, dari segi materi (72,34%), segi desain bahan ajar (91,12%), guru biologi (83,33%), dan respon siswa (64%, 75%, 81%, 92%, 94%, dan 101%). Dengan ini, modul keanekaragaman hewan berbasis inquiri terbimbing layak digunakan di sekolah berbasis pondok pesantren.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kesehatan Reproduksi dengan Pernikahan Dini pada Remaja di MA Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Mardia Ainun HM , Azis Andi Asmawati , Adnan Adnan
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan  kesehatan reproduksi dengan sikap dan sikap terhadap pernikahan dini pada remaja di MA Pondok Pesantren Kab. Bulukumba. Penelitian dilakukan di empat  Pondok Pesantren MA di Kabupaten Bulukumba. Populasi  penelitian ini terdiri dari siswa kelas XI dan XII IPA MA Pondok Pesantren Kab. Bulkumba. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik sampling jenuh yang terdapat pada non-probability sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat dua instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes dan angket. Tes mengumpulkan data pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi, dan kuesioner  mengumpulkan data sikap terhadap kesehatan reproduksi dan pernikahan dini. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan  inferensial berupa uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan  program SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Hasil analisis deskriptif penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi siswa pada kelas kategori “baik”. Hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi dengan sikap terhadap kesehatan reproduksi dan pernikahan dini pada Peserta didik kelas XI dan XII  IPA MA Pondok Pesantren Kabupaten Bulukumba berdasarkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Keeratan hubungan termasuk dalam kategori “kuat” berdasarkan nilai korelasi (R)  0,775. Kontribusi pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi dan sikap kesehatan reproduksi terhadap pernikahan dini berdasarkan  koefisien determinasi (R2)  60,0%.
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Biologi; Tinjauan Persepsi Guru
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Sembiring Dian Arysandi Eka Putra , Sadikin Ali , Mursyd Danial , Hendra Robi
Published: December 2024

Memfasilitasi peserta didik agar dapat belajar secara maksimal tentu menjadi fokus penting pendidik, sehingga pembelajaran berdiferensiasi memiliki urgensi tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi guru biologi terhadap pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Kuantitatif deskriptif digunakan sebagai metode penelitian dengan random sampling. Data diperoleh melalui survey melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada guru biologi di Provinsi Jambi. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa persepsi guru biologi terhadap pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berada pada kategori baik. Hal ini mengindikasikan nilai yang positif, namun perlu optimalisasi guna memastikan bahwa peserta dapat belajar sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, khususnya pada mata pelajaran biologi. Dukungan dari setiap pihak terkait diperlukan untuk penerapan pembelajaran biologi berdiferensiasi di kelas.
Implementasi Perangkat Belajar Sains Berbasis ESD pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan untuk Peningkatan Literasi dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Tahmid Tahmid , Nurkhoiri Nurkhoiri , Syaiful Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi perangkat pembelajaran sains berbasis Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) pada materi pencemaran lingkungan di SMP Negeri 2 Bojong. Menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan desain kuasi-eksperimental, 60 siswa kelas VIII dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam literasi sains (26.6 poin) dan keterampilan berpikir kritis (1.7 poin) pada kelompok eksperimen. Perubahan positif juga terlihat dalam sikap terhadap lingkungan, dengan 87% siswa melaporkan peningkatan kesadaran. Kualitas proyek lingkungan kelompok eksperimen lebih baik, 68% dinilai "sangat baik". Meskipun ada tantangan awal dalam adaptasi guru, implementasi ESD berhasil menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan relevan. Kesimpulannya, perangkat pembelajaran berbasis ESD efektif meningkatkan literasi sains, keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan kesadaran lingkungan siswa, memberikan dasar untuk adopsi lebih luas dalam pembelajaran sains SMP.
Analisis Persepsi Guru dalam Kajian Perbandingan Efisiensi terkait RPP pada Kurikulum 13 dan Modul Ajar pada Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Anjelia Bella Anjelia , Umami Riza , Octavury Yetrie , Hidayat Saleh , Saputri Wulandari , Sidik Bagas Rasid
Published: December 2024

Peralihan dari RPP ke Modul Ajar bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan menarik baik bagi guru maupun siswa. Peralihan antara kurikulum-kurikulum sebenarnya cukup baik bagi pendidikan di Indonesia. Karena hal ini menandakan bahwa Indonesia terus melakukan reformasi pendidikan yang lebih luas, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan praktik belajar mengajar yang lebih baik dan sesuai dengan cita-cita pendidikan bangsa. Namun, di balik beragam reformasi tersebut, perlunya memahami perspektif guru dalam menanggapi perubahan ini menjadi sangat penting untuk memastikan keberhasilan penerapan kebijakan. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif melalui survei. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 23 sekolah di Sumatera Selatan dan Lampung dengan sampel sebanyak 35 orang guru. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup (kuisioner) dan wawanacara. Sebanyak 78% guru setuju dengan perubahan RPP pada K-13 menjadi Modul Ajar pada Kurikulum Merdeka, namun dalam penyusunan Modul Ajar masih dirasa sulit bagi guru karena belum banyak pelatihan yang didapat, sulit beradaptasi dengan perbedaan komponen antara RPP dengan Modul Ajar, mencakup konten, Kompetensi yang dicapai peserta didik, tujuan pembelajaran, dan instrumen penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik.
Kelayakan Instrumen Tes Berpikir Esensial Taksonomi Presseisen: Analisis Kualitas Tes dan Abilitas Peserta Didik Menggunakan Model Rasch
Authors: Fadhilah Azfa , Yuniarti Anisyah , Afandi Afandi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas instrumen tes berpikir esensial menggunakan taksonomi Presseisen dan tingkat abilitas peserta didik melalui analisis model Rasch. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 363 orang peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes berpikir esensial menurut taksonomi Presseisen berjumlah 10 butir soal berbentuk uraian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan uji coba instrumen tes berpikir esensial pada sampel yang ditentukan. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan model Rasch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh butir soal fit, namun butir soal nomor 7 mengandung bias sehingga perlu dibuang. Tingkat kesukaran butir terdiri dari 2 soal sangat sulit, 4 soal sulit, 2 soal mudah, dan 2 soal sangat mudah. Alpha Cronbach memiliki nilai sebesar 0.68 kategori cukup, person reliability memiliki nilai sebesar 0.50 kategori lemah, dan item reliability memiliki nilai sebesar 0.99 kategori istimewa. Person separation sebesar 0.99 dengan nilai H=1,65 dan item separation sebesar 9.55 dengan nilai H=13,06. Person measure diperoleh 178 orang memiliki abilitas tinggi (49%), 18 orang memiliki abilitas sedang (5%), dan 167 orang memiliki abilitas rendah (46%). Person fit diperoleh 254 orang kategori fit (70%), 32 orang kategori tidak fit (9%), dan 77 orang kategori outlier (21%).
Pengembangan E-Worksheet Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains
Authors: Halhaji Prendi Niki , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: December 2024

E-worksheet ini disusun berbasis pada kegiatan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning yang memuat materi pencemaran lingkungan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi sains peserta didik SMA kelas X. Tujuan  dari  penelitian  ini  adalah mengembangkan e-worksheet berbasis problem based learning dan mengetahui kelayakannya untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran biologi untuk peserta didik kelas X SMA serta keefektifannya meningkatkan literasi sains peserta didik kelas X SMA pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang terdiri atas tahapan analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Subjek uji lapangan terdiri dari 27 peserta didik kelas eksperimen dan 27 peserta didik untuk kelas kontrol di kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan beberapa instrumen yaitu panduan wawancara, angket, dan tes literasi sains. Teknik validitas melalui metode criterion referenced test (CRT). Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Mann whitney dan n-gain score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-worksheet ini layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran biologi peserta didik kelas X SMA dan efektif dalam meningkatkan literasi sains dengan perolehan n-gain score yang terjadi pada kelas eksperimen meraih skor sebesar 0,88 dengan kategori tinggi.
ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF SLAVIC ARTEFACTS OF THE UPPER TYSA BASIN
Authors: PENYAK Pavlo
Published: December 2024

Artefacts of the Slavic population of the Upper Tysa basin of the second half of the first millenium A.D. are considered. This historic and geographical region comprises Transcarpathian province of Ukraine, Košice and Prešov provinces of Slovakia, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county of Hungary, and Satu Mare and Baia Mare counties of Romania. Slavic antiquities of the area include artefacts of the Prague-Korchak culture
(6th–7th centuries A.D.) and early mediaeval Slavic artefacts (8th–9th centuries A.D.) and such division fully reflects the processes of slavicisation of the region.
The artefact area for the first period is the territory from the Upper Tysa to the Borzhava, in the central part of the region it is the middle reaches of the Uzh while in the west it is the middle reaches of the Torisa. The early mediaeval Slavic artefacts concentrate in the upper reaches of the Tysa, the Latorytsia and the Uzh valleys as well as on the left-bank side of the Tysa and its tributaries adjacent to the Great Hungarian plain.

Settlements of the 6th–7th centuries were mostly located on sloping fluvial terraces above floodplains of the rivers, their tributaries, streams close to potable water sources. Settlements of the 8th–9th centuries were situated in places convenient for crop farming, cattle breeding and craftsmanship. Dwellings were mostly built as subsquare half-dugouts, during the 8th–9th centuries structures of narrow oblong and oval shape with adobe ovens become a part of everyday life.

The main burial ritual of ancient Slavs of the Tysa region was body-burning, for which one can distinguish barrowless and barrow-type approaches. Part of the Slavic artefacts were found in Slavic-Avar gravesites of the 7th–8th centuries A.D. in the northwestern part of the region. In the second half of the 9th century Christian rite infiltrates in the region.

Keywords: Slavs, Upper Tysa basin, settlements, dwellings, funeral rites, material culture of Slavs, tribal affiliation.
THE MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN MUSEUM TOWN
Authors: YANENKO Anna
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the history of the Museum (Stock) of Architecture (a department of Ancient Ukrainian Construction Technologies) of the State Historical and Cultural Preserve «All-Ukrainian Museum Town», which existed on the territory of the nationalized Kyiv-Pechersk monastery since 1926. The idea of creating an architectural department of the Lavra Museum probably appeared in the first half of the 1920s. Since 1926, Ipolyt Morhilevskyi, an art and architectural historian, was heading the Museum of Architecture. In the late 1920s, the Museum of Architecture received separate premises (the building № 30). At the end of 1929, Stefan Taranushenko outlined in a position paper the basic principles of the Ukrainian Architectural Museum, which had to cover all phenomena of the architectural process in Ukraine from ancient times to the present day. It was suggested to display «architecture in originals» (monuments and fragments), drawings, models, documents, photographs, movies, diagrams, drafts, maps, etc. In the early 1930s, the materials of Prof. Ipolyt Morhilevskyi’s and Prof. Stefan Taranushenko’s research expeditions on masonry and wooden monumental architecture in Ukraine were an important part of the museum collection. A series of photos and entries in inventory allow reconstruction and visualization of information about the Museum of Architecture. There were installed horizontal flat showcases in the museum exhibition hall, and boards with photographs and drawings were mounted over them. There were illustrative materials hanging on the walls, in particular samples of home paintings, decorative paintings of churches and synagogues, photos of interiors and exteriors, dimensional drawings, and plans of different types of buildings. The Museum of Architecture did not exist for a long time, primarily because of the changes in the structure and activity of the All‑Ukrainian Museum Town, caused by the aggressive Sovietization and ideologizing of museum work in the early 1930s. The exposition of the Museum (Stock) of Architecture of the All-Ukrainian Museum Town was dismantled no later than 1934.

Key words: history of museums, museum iconography, Museum of Architecture, All‑Ukrainian Museum Town, Kyiv, UkrSSR, 1920–1930s
ESG Disclosure Based on Regulatory Landscape: An Enquiry Into the Stock Exchange Enlisted Banks in a Fastest Growing Economy
Authors: Saroni Sangida Akter , Hossain Syed Zabid , Sayaduzzaman Md
Published: December 2024

This research aims to reveal the extent, modes, and trend of ESG disclosure by the banks in Bangladesh. Analyses involve annual reports of 28 banks from 2016 to 2022 through the content analysis method using a ‘checklist’ comprised of 143 ESG disclosure items compiled from several policy guidelines regarding environmental and social performance disclosure circulated by the central bank, Bangladesh Bank. The study finds a spontaneously increasing tendency for ESG disclosure during the study period. Banks disclose information in both financial and non-financial modes, along with necessary details. However, information non-disclosure results in 75.18%, 63.38%, and 67.40% of environmental, social, and governance information, including many important ESG aspects that should not be ignored. The study result represents an optimistic scenario of ESG disclosure; nonetheless, Bangladeshi banks are yet to develop ESG disclosure practices.
ESR1-Mutation Testing at First Progression in ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: European Medical Journal
Published: December 2024

This infographic, the second in a three-part series, explores the prevalence of ESR1 mutations in patients with ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer, as well as frequency of testing for ESR1 mutations in the metastatic setting; liquid biopsy as testing methodology; and ASCO, NCCN, and ESMO guidelines related to ESR1 mutations.
Optimization of the method of applying thoracic electrodes during registration еlectrocardiograms in newborns and children weighing less than 4000 g
Authors: Kharlamova N. V. , Laskina M. Yu. , Shilova N. A. , Blokhin M. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Specialized devices for fixing thoracic electrodes in newborns and children weighing up to 4000 g have been developed. The devices are offered in 3 versions: for children weighing up to 2000 g, from 2000 g to 3000 g and from 3000 g to 4000 g. The devices allow high-quality, stable and safe fixation of thoracic electrodes on the chest of a child, including low body weight.
Clinical significance of myocardial deformation of a left ventricle in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tarasova А. А. , Groznova O. S. , Chernykh N. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the clinical significance of left ventricular myocardial deformation indicators, their relationship with the degree of heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Materials and methods. 61 patients with primary genetically confirmed asymmetric HCM aged 7 to 17 years underwent a comprehensive clinical and echocardiography. Echocardiography determined indicators of left ventricular systolic function: ejection and shortening fractions, global longitudinal, circular and radial myocardial deformations and deformations rates. The assessment of myocardial hypertrophy of left ventricular segments was performed taking into account absolute values in systole and diastole depending on age, recalculated per standard deviation units in the population (Z-score factor). Results. A more pronounced degree of heart failure, a decrease in ejection and shortening fractions, and indicators of left ventricular myocardial deformation were established in all children with non-obstructive and obstructive forms of HCM and an extreme degree of myocardial hypertrophy, in contrast to the non-obstructive form of the disease with a less pronounced degree of hypertrophy. An earlier decrease in myocardial deformation indices was revealed in comparison with ejection and shortening fractions, longitudinal deformation and its speed in comparison with radial and circular, their speeds. Conclusions. 1. In children with HCM and extreme degrees of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, compared with mild and moderate hypertrophy, a more pronounced degree of heart failure is observed, which is accompanied by a decrease in left ventricular systolic function. Among them, a decrease in myocardial deformation rates and their velocities is more sensitive compared to left ventricular ejection fractions and shortening. 2. Reduction of left ventricular myocardial deformation in children with HCM depends on the degree of hypertrophy. The earliest, manifesting itself even with a mild degree of hypertrophy, is a decrease in longitudinal deformation and its speed compared to circular and radial deformations and their speeds. 3. Determining the indicators of left ventricular myocardial deformation in children with HCM in comparison with the degree of myocardial hypertrophy is of great clinical importance in assessing the systolic function of the left ventricle to optimize administration tactics and timely treatment of the disease.
Impact of Phytophthora Spp. on Morphological, Physical, and Biochemical Parameters of Citrus reticulata
Authors: Hanif Shazia , Ghani Abdul , Iftikhar Yasir , Nadeem Muhammad , Mubeen Mustansar , Rehman Malik A. , Asim Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Citrus gummosis, caused by Phytophthora spp., is one of the economically critical fungal diseases prevailing in the major citrus-growing areas of the country. The fungus induces alterations in morphological and physiological parameters (leaf area, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter, peel thickness, peel weight, rag weight, and juice weight). Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the physical and biochemical parameters of citrus plants of various Citrus reticulata infected with phytophthora gummosis. Citrus leaves and fruits were collected to determine different morphological, physical, and biochemical parameters to compare the diseased and healthy citrus samples. There was a significant difference (P 0.05) in physical parameters between infected and healthy citrus samples. The fruit size was significantly lower within the range of 29.1-35.4 cm2 in the diseased plants as compared to healthy ones (37.3-43.6 cm2). The fruit volume of infected samples, with a maximum difference of 37.1 cm3, was also recorded in infected and healthy samples. The infected citrus samples had lower fruit weights of 111.3–145.2 g than the healthy samples (147.8–175.9 g). The leaf area was significantly less for diseased plants (11.8–20.0 cm2) compared to 17.1-29.5 cm2 for healthy samples. Other physical parameters were also altered, but not significantly. Similarly, biochemical parameters such as TSS to Acid ratio 77.9–86.8, Total Soluble Solids 11.3–11.6%, Vitamin C 55.4–77.9 mg/100 mL, total phenolic contents 288.8–341.9, total flavonoids 210.1–240.2, antioxidant activity 655.7–749.5, and pH 3.13–3.32 were found to be significantly lowered at P 0.05 in diseased citrus samples as compared to those in healthy citrus samples with the mean values of 101.3–109.5, 12.2–12.4%, 91.5–123.5 mg/100 mL, 3636.1-421.2, 249.7–285.6, 749.6–867.7, and 3.52–3.81, respectively. The findings of the research revealed the devastating impact of Phytophthora spp. on C. reticulata, resulting in low yield and fruit quality.
BOERHAAVE SYNDROME: A Case Report
Authors: Topcu Ramazan , Erkent Murathan , Tutan Mehmet Berksun , Sezikli İsmail , Kepez Murtaza Salih , Şerifoğlu Murat
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Boerhaave syndrome is a spontaneous longitudinal transmural rupture of the esophagus, first described in 1724 by German physician Herman Boerhaave. Spontaneous ruptures constitute 15% of all esophageal ruptures, typically occurring after persistent vomiting that leads to a sudden increase in intraluminal esophageal pressure. The syndrome has a high mortality rate and presents with Mackler's triad: vomiting, mild chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema.
Case Report: This case report describes a 63-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with severe chest and upper abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the upper quadrants and mild crepitus around the neck. A thoracoabdominal CT scan showed extraluminal air in the mid-lower esophageal area, leading to a diagnosis of Boerhaave syndrome.
Emergency surgery included a right-sided thoracotomy, revealing a 3 cm esophageal perforation, which was repaired. Postoperatively, the patient was treated in the intensive care unit with expanded antibiotic therapy and managed for various complications. The patient was discharged on the 18th postoperative day.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of Boerhaave syndrome are critical for improving patient survival. Detailed patient history, recognition of clinical symptoms, and the use of appropriate diagnostic tools are essential for accurate diagnosis and timely surgical intervention.
Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşil alan yatırımları ile satın alma ve birleşmelerin karşılaştırması
Authors: Şişeci Güneş Nehir , Erdem Ekrem
Published: December 2024

Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ev sahibi ülke ekonomisine etkilerinin çok çeşitli faktörlere göre farklılık gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Bu faktörleri ele alan birçok çalışma bulunmasına rağmen, literatürde söz konusu etkiler üzerine fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin farklılaşmasında rol oynadığı düşünülen faktörlerden yatırımın ev sahibi ülkeye giriş şekli ele alınmakta, doğrudan yatırımlar yeşil alan yatırımları ile satın alma ve birleşmeler itibariyle incelenmektedir. Çalışmada, doğrudan yatırımların ülkeye giriş şeklinin önemini tespit etmek üzere 2003-2021 döneminde en fazla doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı girişine sahip 15 ülke incelenmiştir. Yürütülen analizlerle sınır ötesi yeşil alan yatırımları ve şirketler arası birleşme ve satın alma işlemlerinin ev sahibi ülkelerin ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerinin farklılaştığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yeşil alan yatırımlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde iken, satın alma ve birleşmeler ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı etki taşımamaktadır.
Comparing Educational Policies Regaurding Indigenous Peoples In Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand
Authors: Pellington Sydney
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the role of education in promoting social equality and cultural democracy, focusing on the policies in Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand. In Brazil, the education system reinforces inequality, with wealthier students from private schools having better access to university preparation, while poorer students are left behind. Australia and New Zealand, however, are making strides to integrate indigenous perspectives into higher education, with initiatives like Australia's *Connect to Country* project aimed at making universities more inclusive for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. Data on government expenditure on education and labor force participation from these countries shows varying trends. Brazil has increased spending on education, yet struggles with labor force participation, while Australia and New Zealand show positive changes. Despite progress, challenges remain in preparing disadvantaged students for higher education, requiring further policy development and support.
Advancing microbiota therapeutics: the role of synthetic biology in engineering microbial communities for precision medicine
Authors: Nazir Asiya , Hussain Fathima Hasnain Nadeem , Raza Afsheen
Published: December 2024

Over recent years, studies on microbiota research and synthetic biology have explored novel approaches microbial manipulation for therapeutic purposes. However, fragmented information is available on this aspect with key insights scattered across various disciplines such as molecular biology, genetics, bioengineering, and medicine. This review aims to the transformative potential of synthetic biology in advancing microbiome research and therapies, with significant implications for healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. By merging computer science, engineering, and biology, synthetic biology allows for precise design and modification of biological systems via cutting edge technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, metabolic engineering, and synthetic oligonucleotide synthesis, thus paving the way for targeted treatments such as personalized probiotics and engineered microorganisms. The review will also highlight the vital role of gut microbiota in disorders caused by its dysbiosis and suggesting microbiota-based therapies and innovations such as biosensors for real-time gut health monitoring, non-invasive diagnostic tools, and automated bio foundries for better outcomes. Moreover, challenges including genetic stability, environmental safety, and robust regulatory frameworks will be discussed to understand the importance of ongoing research to ensure safe and effective microbiome interventions.
Assessment of digital competencies in higher education students: development and validation of a measurement scale
Authors: Mejías-Acosta Agustín , D'Armas Regnault Mayra , Vargas-Cano Eduardo , Cárdenas-Cobo Jesennia , Vidal-Silva Cristian
Published: December 2024

Digital competencies represent students' ability to use technology and digital media interactively to enhance their learning experiences. Given their growing importance, there is a need to develop instruments that can be used in different contexts to measure them. This research aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure digital competencies in university students and identify the dimensions that characterize it. Based on a literature review, a scale is designed and validated with students from a Venezuelan university. As a result, a model of 22 variables grouped into four dimensions is presented: Communication and digital security, Access to digital content management, Creation of digital content and use of digital media, and Digital empathy, which can be applied in similar environments. The results of the tests demonstrate the scale's psychometric properties in terms of both validity and reliability.
The role of circulating tumor DNA in melanomas of the uveal tract
Authors: Zameer Mohammed Zeeshan , Jou Eric , Middleton Mark
Published: December 2024

Melanoma of the uveal tract or uveal melanoma (UM) originates from melanocytes of the eye and is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite considerable advances in diagnostic procedures and treatments, prognosis remains poor in those with advanced disease. Accordingly, although current treatments have an excellent local disease control rate, approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic relapse within 10 years. The high risk for metastatic disease with a variable and often long latency period is thought to be due to early spread of cancer cells disseminating into organs such as the liver, followed by a period of dormancy, before the eventual emergence of radiologically measurable disease. Early detection of disease relapse or metastasis is therefore crucial to allow timely treatment and ultimately improve patient outcome. Recently, advances in minimally-invasive liquid biopsy techniques and biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have demonstrated potential to transform the field of cancer care by aiding diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of various cancer types. UM is particularly suitable for ctDNA-based approaches due to the relatively well-characterized spectrum of genetic mutations, along with the inherent difficulties and risks associated with getting sufficient tumor samples via traditional biopsy methods. Key potential advantage of ctDNA are the detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) in patients post definitive treatment, and in the early identification of metastasis. This is particularly relevant contemporarily with the recent demonstration of tebentafusp improving survival in metastatic UM patients, and opens avenues for further research to investigate the potential utilization of tebentafusp combined with ctDNA-based strategies in adjuvant settings and early intervention for MRD. The present review illustrates the current understanding of ctDNA-based strategies in UM, discusses the potential clinical applications, explores the potential of utilizing ctDNA in UM MRD in the context of an ongoing clinical trial, and highlights the challenges that need to be overcome prior to routine clinical implementation.
Research on the positioning and enhancement path of marine cities in China’s internal circulation network
Authors: Sun Junkai , Gao Xinyue , Zhang Xindan , Dai Guilin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

China’s marine cities have reached a critical juncture after 40 years of rapid development. In this new stage, where internal circulation is the main focus, there is a need to enhance the internal circulation capabilities of these cities and unleash their full economic potential. This paper aims to explore the positioning and improvement path of marine cities in China's internal circulation network, and fully unleash the development potential of marine cities.

Methods

Based on data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper constructs the social network of China's urban internal circulation with the help of the modified gravity model, and explores the conditional configuration of the improvement of the status of marine cities in internal circulation network by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method.

Results and discussion

(1) The development level of marine cities' internal circulation can be categorized into three tiers, led by Shanghai. The development gap between the 14 marine cities has gradually widened over recent years. (2) Chinese marine cities can be divided into three groups in the topological structure of China's urban internal circulation network: core, periphery, and edge, with Shanghai being the core "bridge" in the network. The traditional advantages of some northern economically strong cities in the construction of the internal circulation network have gradually been lost, and many marine cities have seen their leadership and control over the internal circulation network significantly weakened. (3) No single factor is a necessary condition for achieving a high-level status of marine cities in the internal circulation network. (4) The four conditional variables of demand side, supply side, industrial linkage and inter-regional integration have two sufficient condition configurations to enhance the status of marine cities in internal circulation network. Among them, the "industry-regional integration"-dominated configuration with the core of unblocking the bottlenecks of the internal circulation is the main path.
Systematic characterization of the barrier function of diverse ex vivo models of damaged human skin
Authors: Barthe Manon , Clerbaux Laure-Alix , Thénot Jean-Paul , Braud Véronique M. , Osman-Ponchet Hanan
Published: December 2024

Background

The skin barrier plays a crucial role in protecting our body against external agents. Disruption of this barrier’s function leads to increased susceptibility to infections and dermatological diseases. Damaged skin can be due to the use of detergents, sunburn or excessive scratching. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic the recommended hygiene measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as wearing masks, frequent handwashing, and the use of sanitizers, can also potentially alter the skin barrier.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to characterize the barrier function of ex vivo models of damaged human skin.

Methods

Skin barrier damage was induced through different chemical and mechanical treatments, representative of the potential factors damaging human skin. The skin barrier function was evaluated in terms of permeability, dermal absorption capacity, stratum corneum thickness and gene expression of barrier markers. As inflammation is linked to skin barrier integrity, inflammatory markers were also analyzed.

Results and discussion

The different treatments applied to ex vivo skin models allow the simulation of diverse degrees of skin damage, making these models valuable for assessing the efficacy of topical products targeted at skin repair and for studying the effects of compromised skin barrier on viral penetration.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was found in Northern Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Hu Haijun , He Ying , Chen Fei , Liu Zhanbin , Wang Wei , Yang Shu , Qian Ke , Zhan Zhuan , Guo Yangping , Li Hui , Zheng Weiqing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China in 2009. SFTS monitoring has been carried out since 2010 in mainland China. In recent years, human infection with SFTS virus (SFTSV) has frequently been detected in Jiujiang of Jiangxi Province, Central China.

Methods

Sera of SFTS surveillance cases and samples collected from humans, animals and ticks surrounding the cases were used to detect SFTSV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. SFTSV-positive samples were further subjected to sequencing and analysis of the S, M, and L segments of SFTSV.

Results

Four patients were positive for SFTSV infection. However, the subjects like humans, animals and ticks around the cases were all detected as negative for the virus infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial segments revealed that SFTSVs in three patients from Jiujiang were clustered with genotype C4 and C5 on the L and M segment-established phylogenetic tree; however, phylogenetic analysis of the S segment showed that the strains were grouped into genotype J1. These results suggested that the S, M, and L segments of these strains underwent segmental reassortment, which was later supported by recombination signal detection. The reassortment event was detected by at least four methods with a significance level of p value <0.05. In addition, the RDP recombination consensus score (RDPRCS) was greater than 0.40. To avoid poor tree topology support with the partial S, M, and L segments, we further performed analysis of the complete genome of SFTSV. The full-length L, M, and S segment sequences of the strains were consistently clustered into two genotypes, namely the genotype C5 and the genotype C4. The strains belonging to genotype C5 were detected for recombination signal with moderate confidence by all the six methods, with a significance level of p value <0.05 and an RDPRCS of 0.41. The recombination event might have occurred between the minor parent (2011YPQ11, C3/C3/C3) and major parent (SPL053A, J1/ J1/ J1). However, there was no genetic recombination detected in the strains belonging to genotype C4. The event was detected by only two methods with a significance level of p value <0.05.

Conclusion

Two genotypes of SFTSVs were identified in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province of Central China, and they were genotype C5 and genotype C4. The genotype C5 underwent genetic recombination in this region, with the minor parent of the strain 2011YPQ11 and the major parent of the strain SPL053A.
Application of digital tools and artificial intelligence in the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination
Authors: Garbey Marc , Lesport Quentin , Girma Helen , Öztosun Gülşen , Abu-Rub Mohammed , Guidon Amanda C. , Juel Vern , Nowak Richard J. , Soliven Betty , Aban Inmaculada , Kaminski Henry J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Advances in video image analysis and artificial intelligence provide opportunities to transform how patients are evaluated. In this study, we assessed the ability to quantify Zoom video recordings of a standardized neurological examination— the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination (MG-CE)—designed for telemedicine evaluations.

Methods

We used Zoom (Zoom Video Communications) videos of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) who underwent the MG-CE. Computer vision, in combination with artificial intelligence methods, was used to develop algorithms to analyze the videos, with a focus on eye and body motions. To assess the examinations involving vocalization, signal processing methods, such as natural language processing (NLP), were developed. A series of algorithms were developed to automatically compute the metrics of the MG-CE.

Results

A total of 51 patients with MG were assessed, with videos recorded twice on separate days, while 15 control subjects were evaluated once. We successfully quantified the positions of the lids, eyes, and arms and developed respiratory metrics based on breath counts. The cheek puff exercise was found to have limited value for quantification. Technical limitations included variations in illumination, bandwidth, and the fact that the recording was conducted from the examiner’s side rather than the patient’s side.

Conclusion

Several aspects of the MG-CE can be quantified to produce continuous measurements using standard Zoom video recordings. Further development of the technology will enable trained non-physician healthcare providers to conduct precise examinations of patients with MG outside of conventional clinical settings, including for the purpose of clinical trials.
The association between gait speed and falls in ambulatory adults with spinal muscular atrophy: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Jira Kathryn , Jaworek Andrea , Allen Matti , Zhao Songzhu , Kelly Kristina , Arnold W. David , Elsheikh Bakri
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Fatigue and gait speed are established determinants of fall risk in patients with neurological disorders. However, data on adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is limited. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate falls and risk factors in adults with SMA.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of ambulatory adults with genetically confirmed 5q-SMA included: age, sex, age of symptom onset, SMN2 copy number, BMI, and 6MWT distance and speed at minutes 1, 2, and 6.

Results

Fourteen ambulatory patients were included in the analysis with an average follow-up of 36 months (range of 12–66 months). 10 patients were classified as fallers (Fall) and four as non-fallers (NFall). One faller received Risdiplam, while the remaining fallers and non-fallers received Nusinersen for the duration of the follow-up period. In the Fall cohort, the median speed at 1, 2, and 6 min were 0.92 m/s, 0.89 m/s, and 0.77 m/s, respectively, with a heterogeneous range including one faller at 1.25 m/s. In the NFall cohort, the slowest collected median recorded speeds were 1.18 m/s, 1.11 m/s, and 1.09 m/s respectively, with one non-faller at 0.56 m/s. There was no significant statistical difference between 6-min gait speeds and individuals experiencing falls. However, we found a three-fold greater decline in speed between the 6MWT first and last minute in the Fall (13.01%) compared to the NFall (5.16%). 7 of 10 patients had multiple falls (70%) with two individuals consequently losing ambulation (20%).

Discussion

These findings underscore the need for larger studies on fatigability and the importance of considering factors beyond gait speed alone.
The nutritional profile comparison between the white and purple Açaí in the mesoregions of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Coutinho Rosemary Maria Pimentel , Rocha Juliana De Cássia Gomes , Neves Nathália , Silva Vera Lúcia Dias da , Seixas Vitória Nazaré Costa , Hermosín-Gutiérrez Isidro , Carvalho Antonio Fernandes de , Stringheta Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2024

The study targeted to compare the nutritional profile of two varieties of açaí, the white and purple, found in different mesoregions of Pará, Brazil. The research focused on analyzing levels of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and mineral composition in these two varieties. The study sought to identify significant differences between the two varieties in terms of nutritional composition and antioxidant potential, providing valuable information into the specific nutritional and functional properties of each type of açaí studied. Higher levels of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were observed in purple açaí fruits, with values of 806.17 ± 17.48 mgGAE/100 g, 81.73 ± 1.77 mg/100 g, and 19.25 ± 0.35 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively, compared to 401.92 ± 52.70 mgGAE/100 g, 37.70 ± 5.34 mg/100 g, and 6.17 ± 1.07 μmol TE/g in white açaí. HPLC-MS analysis identified and quantified monomeric anthocyanins in white açaí, using two distinct analytical methods, revealing average values of 0.29 and 1.05 μg/100 g for cyanidin-3-glucoside and between 0.74 and 3.13 μg/100 g for cyanidin-3-rutinoside, respectively, which were higher than those found in yellow tropical fruits. The quality of both purple and white açaí varied significantly among mesoregions, with fruits from floodplain soils demonstrating superior quality compared to those from sandy and solid soils in southeastern Pará. Mineral composition and microbiological characteristics were similar between white and purple açaí. These findings underscore the significant influence of mesoregion and soil type on açaí quality, emphasizing the superiority of fruits grown in floodplain soils.
Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity and structural changes of Gastrodiae Rhizoma polysaccharides between sulfur-fumigation and nonsulfur-fumigation
Authors: Dai Chunyan , Zhao Dan , Zhang Wenping , Guo Lanping , Kang Chuanzhi , Chen Zhuowen , Cui Xiuming , Zhou Tao , Wang Chengxiao , Xu Tingting , Yang Ye
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Gastrodiae Rhizoma (referred to Tianma in Chinese), the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata Bl. (Orchidaceae), is utilized as a medicine-food homology product. Sulfur fumigation is commonly employed in the processing of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR). Polysaccharides are a crucial active substance produced in GR, yet the impacts of sulfur fumigation on them remain unelucidated.

Methods

This study aimed to optimize the hot water extraction conditions of polysaccharides from sulfur-fumigated GR (SGCPs) and nonsulfur-fumigated GR (NGCPs). The research explored the effects of sulfur fumigation on the structure and antioxidant activity of GR polysaccharides.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for SGCPs and NGCPs were 67°C for 31 min with a liquid-to-material ratio of 15 mL/g and 64°C for 32 min with a liquid-to-material ratio of 17 mL/g, respectively. Compared with NGCPs, SGCPs exhibited significantly reduced DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, and Fe2+ chelating ability. Moreover, both NGCPs and SGCPs offered significant protective effects against H2O2−induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells, but the protective effect of SGCPs was significantly lower than that of NGCPs. NMR analyses revealed that the main chain connections of SGCP3 and NGCP3 were both →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and sulfur fumigation increased the number of repeating unit structures →4)-D-Glcp-(1 → in GR polysaccharides. SGCP3 and NGCP3 had the same monosaccharides composition but different molar ratios, with molecular weights of 727,650 and 39,991 Da, respectively. In general, sulfur fumigation reduced the antioxidant activities of GR polysaccharides by altering their structure and composition.