bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A non‐standard finite difference method for space fractional advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Liu Ziting , Wang Qi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a non‐standard finite difference scheme is developed to solve the space fractional advection–diffusion equation. By using Fourier–Von Neumann method, we prove that non‐standard finite difference scheme is unconditionally stable. We further discuss the convergence of numerical method and give the order of convergence. The numerical examples show that the non‐standard finite difference method can effectively reduce the maximum error and improve the accuracy of numerical solution in contrast to classical numerical methods. Moreover, we find that our numerical scheme is very flexible, when we optimize the denominator function of time and space simultaneously, the performance is the best. These studies show that the non‐standard finite difference scheme is feasible and efficient for solving fractional partial differential equations.
Pre‐Hispanic howler monkeys from two sites of northern Venezuela and the Orinocan connection: An archaeoprimatological study
Authors: Urbani Bernardo , Rodríguez Johan
Published: December 2020

Skeletal fragments of ursine howler monkeys (Alouatta, A. cf. arctoidea) recovered from two archaeological sites in northern Venezuela are discussed in this article. Osteological remains, material culture evidence, and historical records are put together using an archaeoprimatological approach in order to investigate the relationships between the pre‐Hispanic human societies in this region of South America and this primate taxon. The remains of howler monkeys studied suggest that Indigenous peoples of Arawakan linguistic affiliation of Orinocan origin interacted with nonhuman primates in northern Venezuela before AD 800. This interaction encompasses different meanings: the howler as a possible pet or hunting prey and thus a source of food, and the howler as a reference with symbolic value.
Use of cardiac radiation therapy as bridging therapy to CAR‐T for relapsed pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Marquez Cesar P. , Montiel‐Esparza Raul , Hui Caressa , Schultz Liora M. , Davis Kara L. , Hoppe Richard T. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Ramakrishna Sneha , Hiniker Susan M.
Published: December 2020

The use of radiotherapy as bridging therapy to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T) in pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) has been minimally explored. Here, we present a boy with B‐ALL who relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplant with disseminated disease, including significant symptomatic cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. The cardiac and GI leukemic infiltrates were successfully treated with bridging radiation therapy (BRT) prior to CAR‐T infusion. Using this approach, he successfully tolerated CAR‐T with no evidence of disease or sequelae on 3‐month follow‐up. This is the first reported case of safe and effective delivery of cardiac BRT in B‐ALL.
Thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of epoxy polymer/EPU blends reinforced by low concentration of octaaminophenyl POSS
Authors: Yi Hongling , Zhang Mingfei , Yao Donggang , Gong Weiguang
Published: December 2020

Epoxy matrix nanocomposites were prepared by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) modified with epoxide polyurethane (EPU) containing oxazone‐group and reinforced by low concentrations of octaaminophenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OAPOSS). The thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of as‐prepared hybrid nanocomposites were studied. The results demonstrate that the thermal stability, tensile strength, glass transition temperature, and storage modulus of epoxy polymer/EPU blends are all significantly improved with OAPOSS as an reinforcement. The inclusion of EPU in the epoxy polymer helps improve the toughness of the matrix, providing higher impact strength, and higher elongation at break. Tribological testing shows that the wear rate of the hybrid nanocomposite is reduced by more than 80% at 0.1 wt% OAPOSS compared with pure epoxy‐EPU, while the friction coefficient is nearly unchanged. SEM‐EDS analysis of worn scar indicates that the wear mechanism of OAPOSS incorporated hybrid composites is the coexistence of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The improved properties are due to the uniform dispersion of OAPOSS in the epoxy‐EPU matrix and network formation by cross‐linking and chemical bonds from OAPOSS reacted with epoxy‐EPU matrix.
Relationship between arginase genes polymorphisms and preschool wheezing phenotypes
Authors: Gokmirza Ozdemir Pinar , Eker Damla , Celik Velat , Beken Burcin , Gurkan Hakan , Yazicioglu Mehtap , Sut Necdet
Published: December 2020

Background

The association between arginase I (ARG1) and arginase II (ARG2) genes and asthma has been reported in previous studies, but associations between polymorphisms in ARG genes and preschool wheezing (PSW) phenotypes are still unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between genetic variation in ARG1 and ARG2 genes and PSW phenotypes.

Methods

We enrolled 83 patients and 86 healthy controls. The patient group included two subgroups: episodic wheezing (EW) (n = 42, median age 41 months) and multiple‐trigger wheezing (MW) (n = 41, median age 39 months). We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARG1 and six SNPs in ARG2. Eighteen haplotypes for ARG1 and 31 haplotypes for ARG2 were constituted, and the distributions of SNPs and haplotypes in patients and controls were analyzed.

Results

The frequency of the homozygote cytosine‐cytosine (CC) genotype of ARG1 rs2781667T>C SNP and the ARG1 haplotype 4 in the MW group was significantly higher than the EW group (p = .002; odd ratios [OR]: 5.25; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–14.51 and p < .001; OR: 7.77; CI: 2.54–23.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 5 was significantly higher but the frequency of ARG1 haplotype 9 was significantly lower in the all patients than in the healty controls (p = .019; OR: 10.34; CI: 1.28–83.53 and p = .015; OR: 0.093; CI:0.01–0.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 2 was significantly higher in the EW group than in the MW group (p = .014; OR: 5.68; CI: 1.48–21.8).

Conclusion

Variations in ARG1 may potentially be related to phenotypes and risk of PSW.
SpheriCal®‐ESI: A dendrimer‐based nine‐point calibration solution ranging from m/z 273 to 1716 for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry peptide analysis
Authors: Romson Joakim , Freiholtz Oliver , Saeed Anher , Soto Kronberg Adrián , Thomas Athea , Godfrey Jamie , Malkoch Michael , Grayson Scott M. , Emmer Åsa
Published: December 2020

Rationale

A calibration solution for mass spectrometry needs to cover the range of interest with intense and sufficiently narrowly spaced peaks. Limited options fulfilling this may lead to compromises between performance and ease of use. SpheriCal®‐ESI was designed to combine high calibration performance for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis of peptides in positive mode with quick and easy use.

Methods

The developed calibration solution was tested using three mass spectrometers: two ion traps and one tandem quadrupole. The m/z errors of SpheriCal®‐ESI itself and of a tryptic digest of cytochrome C were measured after calibration. The results were compared with those achieved with ESI Tuning Mix. The memory effects of the dendrimers, and contamination from Na+ in the calibration solution, were evaluated.

Results

SpheriCal®‐ESI showed good shelf life as powder and was quickly reconstituted for use. Achieving intense and stable signals was straightforward. The accuracies and precisions were as expected for the instruments. SpheriCal®‐ESI was more precise and at least as accurate as ESI Tuning Mix. The memory effects and Na+ contamination were found to be negligible in typical peptide solvents. In addition, the dendrimers showed predictable dissociations with product ions common to collision‐induced dissociation in both ion trap and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers.

Conclusions

SpheriCal®‐ESI provided easily accessible calibration by showing intense signals at low infusion rates and at source settings equal or similar to those used in peptide analysis. Nine calibration points in the range of interest gave precise and accurate results. Memory effects and contamination were negligible even without rinsing.
Pulmonary mucormycosis masquerading as endobronchial tumour in an immunocompetent pregnant young lady
Authors: Ng Khai Lip , Huan Nai‐Chien , Nasaruddin Mona Zaria , Muhammad Noorul Afidza , Daut Ummi Nadira , Abdul Rahaman Jamalul Azizi
Published: December 2020

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but rapidly progressing and life‐threatening fungal infection, usually affecting immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a previously healthy young lady who presented with prolonged cough, weight loss, and haemoptysis. Imaging showed left hilar mass with infiltration into the left main bronchus and concurrent mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial mass occluding the left main bronchus. Tumour debulking was performed using rigid bronchoscopy with cryoprobe and snares. Histopathological examination revealed inflamed tissue with fungal organism. Fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Rhizopus microsporus. She was treated with two weeks of intravenous amphotericin‐B with complete clinical and radiological resolution.
Towards automating construction tasks: Large‐scale object mapping, segmentation, and manipulation
Authors: Mascaro Ruben , Wermelinger Martin , Hutter Marco , Chli Margarita
Published: December 2020

Automating building processes through robotic systems has the potential to address the need for safer, more efficient, and sustainable construction operations. While ongoing research effort often targets the use of prefabricated materials in controlled environments, here we focus on utilizing objects found on‐site, such as irregularly shaped rocks and rubble, as a way of enabling novel types of construction in remote and extreme environments, where standard building materials might not be easily accessible. In this article, we present a perception and grasp pose planning pipeline for autonomous manipulation of objects of interest with a robotic walking excavator. The system incrementally builds a LiDAR‐based map of the robot's surroundings and provides the ability to register externally reconstructed point clouds of the scene, for example, from images captured by a drone‐borne camera, which helps increasing map coverage. In addition, object‐like instances, such as stones, are segmented out of this map. Based on this information, collision‐free grasping poses for the robotic manipulator are planned to enable picking and placing of these objects, while keeping track of them during the manipulation. The approach is validated in a real setting on an architectural relevant scale by segmenting and manipulating boulders of several hundred kilograms, which is a first step towards the full automation of dry‐stack wall building processes. Video – https://youtu.be/4bc5n2-zj3Q
Using very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning to detect and count African elephants in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Duporge Isla , Isupova Olga , Reece Steven , Macdonald David W. , Wang Tiejun
Published: December 2020

Satellites allow large‐scale surveys to be conducted in short time periods with repeat surveys possible at intervals of <24 h. Very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery has been successfully used to detect and count a number of wildlife species in open, homogeneous landscapes and seascapes where target animals have a strong contrast with their environment. However, no research to date has detected animals in complex heterogeneous environments or detected elephants from space using very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning. In this study, we apply a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model to automatically detect and count African elephants in a woodland savanna ecosystem in South Africa. We use WorldView‐3 and 4 satellite data –the highest resolution satellite imagery commercially available. We train and test the model on 11 images from 2014 to 2019. We compare the performance accuracy of the CNN against human accuracy. Additionally, we apply the model on a coarser resolution satellite image (GeoEye‐1) captured in Kenya, without any additional training data, to test if the algorithm can generalize to an elephant population outside of the training area. Our results show that the CNN performs with high accuracy, comparable to human detection capabilities. The detection accuracy (i.e., F2 score) of the CNN models was 0.78 in heterogeneous areas and 0.73 in homogenous areas. This compares with the detection accuracy of the human labels with an averaged F2 score 0.77 in heterogeneous areas and 0.80 in homogenous areas. The CNN model can generalize to detect elephants in a different geographical location and from a lower resolution satellite. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of applying state‐of‐the‐art satellite remote sensing and deep learning technologies for detecting and counting African elephants in heterogeneous landscapes. The study showcases the feasibility of using high resolution satellite imagery as a promising new wildlife surveying technique. Through creation of a customized training dataset and application of a Convolutional Neural Network, we have automated the detection of elephants in satellite imagery with accuracy as high as human detection capabilities. The success of the model to detect elephants outside of the training data site demonstrates the generalizability of the technique.
Experimental Evaluation of Reduction Technique for Time Delay of Turning Off Light to Occupancy Lighting Control
Authors: Futagami Takuya , Hayasaka Noboru , Taniguchi Ittetsu , Onoye Takao
Published: December 2020

In this study, we clarify the effectiveness of the energy‐effective techniques for the occupancy lighting control that is based on an occupancy sensor. The time delay from detecting no occupant to turning off the light is used for performing the occupancy control to avoid erroneously turning off the light (hereafter referred to as false‐off). Our experiment was conducted at an actual home environment over 8 days. We evaluated the performance of an image‐based sensor, which detects the occupants using image‐processing techniques and time‐delay adaptation, which decreases the time delay without false‐off. Compared with a passive infrared sensor, the image‐based sensor increased the average sensing accuracy for occupants with small movements by 21.58% or more. In addition, compared with the no‐adaptation case, the time‐delay adaptation increased the rate of average lighting energy saving by 3.94% or more. However, the experimental results suggested that the parameter of the time‐delay adaptation should be carefully set in terms of the energy‐saving effect and false‐off. The analysis and its practical discussions are included in this paper to achieve further energy efficiency. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Putting the “Community” in College and University Classrooms: Research‐Based Teaching Practices in Service‐Learning and Community Engagement
Authors: Pasquesi Kira
Published: December 2020

This chapter highlights community building as a pedagogical foundation for effective integration of service‐learning and community engagement practices in higher education.
Advancing Evidence‐Based Instruction for the Public Good
Authors: Trolian Teniell L. , Culver KC
Published: December 2020

As institutions are called to demonstrate student learning outcomes, how can our knowledge about student learning and instructional practices be used to better support and assess learning? What can institutional leaders, instructional development professionals, and instructors do to improve instructional practice? What future research complements existing knowledge to enhance teaching and learning in higher education?
Mass-suppressed effects in heavy quark diffusion
Authors: Bouttefeux A. , Laine M.
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Many lattice studies of heavy quark diffusion originate from a colour-electric correlator, obtained as a leading term after an expansion in the inverse of the heavy-quark mass. In view of the fact that the charm quark is not particularly heavy, we consider subleading terms in the expansion. Working out correlators up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/M2), we argue that the leading corrections are suppressed by $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(T/M), and one of them can be extracted from a colour-magnetic correlator. The corresponding transport coefficient is non-perturbative already at leading order in the weak-coupling expansion, and therefore requires a non­perturbative determination.
COVID-19 coagulopathy: is it disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Authors: Levi Marcel , Iba Toshiaki
Published: December 2020

One of the significant complications of severe COVID-19 infections is a coagulopathy that seems to be related to the occurrence of venous and arterial thromboembolic disease. The coagulation changes mimic but are not identical to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 do not meet the criteria for usual forms of DIC. In addition, there seem to be features of a strong local pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy and direct endothelial cell infection and injury by the virus that affect the coagulopathic response to severe COVID-19. It seems COVID-19 leads to a distinct intravascular coagulation syndrome that may need separate diagnostic criteria.
Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes
Authors: Hongsanan Sinang , Hyde Kevin D. , Phookamsak Rungtiwa , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , McKenzie Eric H. C. , Sarma V. Venkateswara , Lücking Robert , Boonmee Saranyaphat , Bhat Jayarama D. , Liu Ning-Guo , Tennakoon Danushka S. , Pem Dhandevi , Karunarathna Anuruddha , Jiang Shu-Hua , Jones Gareth E. B. , Phillips Alan J. L. , Manawasinghe Ishara S. , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Jayasiri Subashini C. , Sandamali Diana , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Wijayawardene Nalin N. , Ekanayaka Anusha H. , Jeewon Rajesh , Lu Yong-Zhong , Phukhamsakda Chayanard , Dissanayake Asha J. , Zeng Xiang-Yu , Luo Zong-Long , Tian Qing , Thambugala Kasun M. , Dai Dongqin , Samarakoon Milan C. , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Ertz Damien , Doilom Mingkwan , Liu Jian-Kui (Jack) , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Suija Ave , Senwanna Chanokned , Wijesinghe Subodini N. , Niranjan Mekala , Zhang Sheng-Nan , Ariyawansa Hiran A. , Jiang Hong-Bo , Zhang Jin-Feng , Norphanphoun Chada , de Silva Nimali I. , Thiyagaraja Vinodhini , Zhang Huang , Bezerra Jadson D. P. , Miranda-González Ricardo , Aptroot André , Kashiwadani Hiroyuki , Harishchandra Dulanjalee , Sérusiaux Emmanuël , Abeywickrama Pranami D. , Bao Dan-Feng , Devadatha Bandarupalli , Wu Hai-Xia , Moon Kwang Hee , Gueidan Cecile , Schumm Felix , Bundhun Digvijayini , Mapook Ausana , Monkai Jutamart , Bhunjun Chitrabhanu S. , Chomnunti Putarak , Suetrong Satinee , Chaiwan Napalai , Dayarathne Monika C. , Yang Jing , Rathnayaka Achala R. , Xu Jian-Chu , Zheng Jiesheng , Liu Gang , Feng Yao , Xie Ning
Published: December 2020

Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on orders and familiesincertae sedisof Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as ordersincertae sedisin Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as familiesincertae sedisdue to lack of molecular or morphological evidence. The new order, Catinellales, and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae NeobuelliellaceaeandThyrinulaceaeare introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella, andSchummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora, andPseudomicrothyrium thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
On isometries of twin buildings
Authors: Bischof Sebastian , Chosson Anton , Mühlherr Bernhard
Published: December 2020

A twin building consists of two buildings that are twinned by a codistance function. We prove that the local structure of a twin building uniquely determines the two buildings up to isomorphism. This has been known for twin buildings satisfying a technical condition (co).
Antidiabetic Effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction via the Gut Microbiota are Attributable to Its Key Ingredient Berberine
Authors: Xu Xizhan , Gao Zezheng , Yang Fuquan , Yang Yingying , Chen Liang , Han Lin , Zhao Na , Xu Jiayue , Wang Xinmiao , Ma Yue , Shu Lian , Hu Xiaoxi , Lyu Na , Pan Yuanlong , Zhu Baoli , Zhao Linhua , Tong Xiaolin , Wang Jun
Published: December 2020

Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mechanisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with berberine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further standardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.
Posthuman Transformation in Ancient Mediterranean Thought
Authors: Litwa M. David
Published: December 2020

There is not just a desire but a profound human need for enhancement - the irrepressible yearning to become better than ourselves. Today, enhancement is often conceived of in terms of biotechnical intervention: genetic modification, prostheses, implants, drug therapy - even mind uploading. The theme of this book is an ancient form of enhancement: a physical upgrade that involves ethical practices of self-realization. It has been called 'angelification' - a transformation by which people become angels. The parallel process is 'daimonification', or becoming daimones. Ranging in time from Hesiod and Empedocles through Plato and Origen to Plotinus and Christian gnostics, this book explores not only how these two forms of posthuman transformation are related, but also how they connect and chasten modern visions of transhumanist enhancement which generally lack a robust account of moral improvement.
Foundations of Comparative Politics
Authors: Newton Kenneth , van Deth Jan W.
Published: December 2020

Now in its fourth edition, this textbook gives a clear and concise account of the government and politics of democratic states, comprehensively updated with recent developments. It provides an ideal guide for undergraduate students who want to understand how and why democratic systems differ between countries and how they are changing in the modern world. It is written and structured in an easy to follow style, enabling students to gain a thorough understanding of the explanations behind complex ideas and theories. The 'Briefings' and 'Controversies' sections give life to the analyses with illustrations drawn from around the globe, whilst its 'Key Term' entries provide students with a route through the concepts of political science. The fourth edition has been fully revised to reflect recent changes in political attitudes and behaviour, voting, parties, party systems and ideologies. The final chapter addresses the future of democratic states facing with these changes and challenges, by examining democratic crisis, populism and post-democracy.
Chang’E‐4 Rover Spectra Revealing Micro‐scale Surface Thermophysical Properties of the Moon
Authors: Wu Yunzhao , Kührt Ekkehard , Grott Matthias , Jin Qi , Xu Tianyi , Helbert Jörn , Hamm Maximilian , Qin Nannan , Ma Jinsong , Vincent Jean‐Baptiste , Hayne Paul
Published: December 2020

Lunar surface temperature variations provide key information about the thermophysical properties of the regolith. To date, temperatures have been measured using telescopes and orbiter instruments, providing information from mid‐infrared to long infrared (IR) wavelengths. Here, we report on temperature measurements in the short‐wavelength IR at centimeter scales observed in situ by the Chang’E‐4 rover. These local observations are an important complement to the existing large‐scale data. We show that even at 2.39 µm, where reflected radiation dominates the spectrum, thermal information can be retrieved from the data. The observed thermal radiances and derived temperatures depend on the observation geometry, specifically the relative azimuth angle between Sun and detector. This indicates that surface roughness on subresolution (millimeter) scales causes a non‐Lambertian radiation pattern of the emitted flux that is per definition independent of the observation angle. This behavior must be considered when deriving temperatures and thermal properties of lunar regolith.
Environmental Indicator for COVID‐19 Non‐Pharmaceutical Interventions
Authors: Lian Xinbo , Huang Jianping , Zhang Li , Liu Chuwei , Liu Xiaoyue , Wang Lina
Published: December 2020

A novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) has caused viral pneumonia worldwide, posing a major threat to international health. Our study reports that city lockdown is an effective way to reduce the number of new cases and the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration can be used as an environmental lockdown indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown measures. The airborne NO2 concentration steeply decreased over the vast majority of COVID‐19‐hit areas since the lockdown. The total number of newly confirmed cases reached an inflection point about two weeks since the lockdown and could be reduced by about 50% within 30 days of the lockdown. The stricter lockdown will help newly confirmed cases to decline earlier and more rapidly, and at the same time, the reduction rate of NO2 concentration will increase. Our research results show that NO2 satellite observations can help decision makers effectively monitor and manage non‐pharmaceutical interventions in the epidemic.
Alfvén Wave Parallel Electric Field in the Dipole Model of the Magnetosphere: Gyrokinetic Treatment
Authors: Kostarev Danila V. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Y.
Published: December 2020

A mechanism for generation of the parallel electric field by Alfvén wave in the dipole model of the magnetosphere in full gyrokinetics is proposed. The parallel electric field of the Alfvén mode is caused by the coupling of the Alfvén and electrostatic modes due to the plasma inhomogeneity and field line curvature in presence of the trapped hot electrons. The parallel electric field is described by an inhomogeneous integral equation arising from the averaging of the bounce motion of hot electrons. It was found that the parallel electric field is localized near the ionosphere at the heights below 0.5 Earth's radius. For typical Alfvén wave amplitudes observed in space, the parallel electric field potential reaches the values of several kV, which can provide enough acceleration for the precipitating auroral electrons.
Molar occlusion and jaw roll in early crown mammals
Authors: Jäger Kai R. K. , Cifelli Richard L. , Martin Thomas
Published: December 2020

Triconodontidae are considered the first carnivorous crown mammals. A virtual reconstruction of the masticatory cycle in the Late Jurassic Priacodon showed that triconodontid dental function is characterized by precise cutting on elongated crests. The combination of traits linked to both carnivorous diets (e.g. fore-aft cutting edges) and insectivorous diets (transverse crests and lobes) suggests a varied faunivorous diet appropriate to the small body size of most triconodontids. Total length of molar shear decreased with wear, suggesting a dietary shift during ontogeny. Embrasure occlusion is confirmed for P. fruitaensis as indicated by premolar positioning, facet orientation, and collision areas. Embrasure occlusion is considered a general feature of all Eutriconodonta, whereas the previously assumed Morganucodon-like pattern is limited to few early mammaliaforms. Unlike modern carnivores, significant roll of around 10° of the active hemimandible occurred during the power stroke. Roll was likely passive in Triconodontidae in contrast to active roll described for extant therians. The triconodontid molar series was highly uniform and adapted to a precise fit, with self-sharpening lower molar cusps. Whereas the uniformity ensured good cutting capabilities, it likely put the dentition under greater constraints, conserving the highly stereotyped nature of triconodontid molars for 60–85 Ma.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe that can image endogenous hydrogen polysulfides in vivo in tumour-bearing mice
Authors: Zhang Ling , Liu Huizhen , Wu Chunli , Zheng Youguang , Kai Xiaoning , Xue Yunsheng
Published: December 2020

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe, NIR-CPS, was successfully applied for the selective imaging of endogenous H2Sn induced by LPS in living cells and mice.
Gel-emulsion templated polymeric aerogels for solar-driven interfacial evaporation and electricity generation
Authors: Liu Jianfei , Chen Xiangli , Yang Hui , Tang Jiaqi , Miao Rong , Liu Kaiqiang , Fang Yu
Published: December 2020

Porous polymeric monoliths were created using a gel-emulsion template method. An integrated solar-driven system was built, which efficiently produces both clean water and electricity.
1H and 195Pt NMR prediction for inclusion compounds formed by cisplatin and oxidized carbon nanostructures
Authors: De Souza Leonardo A. , Almeida Eduardo R. , Cunha e Silva Joyce H. , Paschoal Diego F. S. , Belchior Jadson C. , Dos Santos Hélio F. , De Almeida Wagner B.
Published: December 2020

195Pt NMR chemical shifts of the cisplatin molecule in the inclusion complex formed by oxidized carbon nanotubes.
Catalytic pyrolysis (Ni/Al-MCM-41) of palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil to obtain renewable hydrocarbons
Authors: de Sousa Castro Karoline , Fernando de Medeiros Costa Luís , Fernandes Valter José , de Oliveira Lima Regineide , Mabel de Morais Araújo Aruzza , Sousa de Sant'Anna Mikele Cândida , Albuquerque dos Santos Nataly , Gondim Amanda Duarte
Published: December 2020

The potential of the Al-MCM-41 and Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalysts applied to pyrolysis for the production of renewable hydrocarbons (bio-jet fuel) has been studied and has been shown to be efficient.
Visualization and characterization of metallo-aggregates using multi-photon microscopy
Authors: Zamora Ana , Moris Michèle , Silva Rui , Deschaume Olivier , Bartic Carmen , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N. , Verbiest Thierry
Published: December 2020

Multi-photon microscopy can be an excellent complementary technique for the characterization of nano-aggregates containing metallic photosensitizers with multi-photon emission properties.
Oxygen doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for the degradation of organic pollutants by activating hydrogen peroxide in the presence of bicarbonate in the dark
Authors: Jiang Tian-Jiao , Xie Chao , Peng Huai-De , Lei Bo , Chen Qing-Qing , Li Gang , Luo Cai-Wu
Published: December 2020

Bicarbonate enhanced the degradation of organic pollutants over oxygen doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. It occurred the both on the surface of the catalyst and the reaction solution.
Ionization inhibition in a polyol/water system for boosting H2 generation from NaBH4
Authors: Feng Lili , Wang Cong , Xu Jinrong , Fang Mingwei , Shi Yu , Xie Lei , Zheng Jie , Li Xingguo
Published: December 2020

A different polyol/water system was constructed to promote the alcoholysis of NaBH4. The ionization of reaction products is inhibited, thus boosting H2 generation.
Synthetic- and DFT modelling studies on regioselective modified Mannich reactions of hydroxy-KYNA derivatives
Authors: Lőrinczi Bálint , Csámpai Antal , Fülöp Ferenc , Szatmári István
Published: December 2020

New side of KYNA in modified Mannich reaction – systematic investigation of the reactivity of hydroxylated derivatives rationalised with comparative DFT calculations.
Facile synthesis of Tb-decorated graphene oxide: electrochemical stability, hydrogen storage, and corrosion inhibition of Mg AZ13 alloy in 3.5% NaCl medium
Authors: Nagarajan Palaniappan , Cole Ivan S. , Kuznetsov Aleksey , Manickam Sivakumar
Published: December 2020

Terbium functionalized graphene oxide interacted with an Mg2+ surface by the active side of GO.
How to select ionic liquids as extracting agents systematically: a special case study for extractive denitrification processes
Authors: Gao Shurong , Jin Jiaxin , Abro Masroor , Song Ruozhen , He Miao , Chen Xiaochun
Published: December 2020

Extractive denitrification (EDN) of shale oil using ionic liquids (ILs) as the extracting agent has good industrial prospects.
Increasing the steric hindrance around the catalytic core of a self-assembled imine-based non-heme iron catalyst for C–H oxidation
Authors: Frateloreto Federico , Capocasa Giorgio , Olivo Giorgio , Abdel Hady Karim , Sappino Carla , Di Berto Mancini Marika , Levi Mortera Stefano , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: December 2020

A case in which the insertion of large and hindering groups in the catalyst backbone does not cause the insurgence of steric effects on the catalysed reaction.
Construction of activated carbon-supported B3N3 doped carbon as metal-free catalyst for dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane to produce vinyl chloride
Authors: Chen Chen , Shen Zhaobing , Zhu Yaping , Wang Fan , Jiang Biao , Qi Huimin
Published: December 2020

Metal-free catalysts synthesized by impregnating activated carbons with B3N3-containing arylacetylene resin showed good catalytic performance for industrial dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane to produce vinyl chloride monomer.
Amino-1H-tetrazole-regulated high-density nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres for long-life Zn–air batteries
Authors: Song Shizhu , Yang Tao , Shi Rongwei , Li Qi
Published: December 2020

High-density graphitic and pyridinic N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres models were designed to elucidate the role of type(s) and total content of N play in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
La plasticité développementale chez les plantes : une interaction entre hormones et épigénétique dans les cellules souches méristématiques
Authors: Vigneaud Julien , Maury Stéphane
Published: December 2020

Les plantes sont des organismes fixés dont le développement est continu toute leur vie et qui ont une grande sensibilité aux variations environnementales. Elles réagissent ainsi en manifestant une importante plasticité phénotypique développementale. Cette plasticité est contrôlée pour partie par les (phyto)hormones mais des résultats récents suggèrent également l’implication des mécanismes épigénétiques. Ces deux facteurs interagiraient de manière complexe et notamment dans les cellules souches regroupées au niveau des méristèmes. L’objectif de cette revue est de présenter les arguments actuels concernant cette interaction qui favoriserait la plasticité développementale. Trois points majeurs sont ainsi abordés pour justifier cette interaction entre le contrôle hormonal et l’épigénétique (contrôle au niveau de la chromatine) pour la plasticité développementale des plantes : les arguments en faveur d’un effet des hormones sur la chromatine etvice-versa, les arguments en faveur de leurs rôles sur la plasticité développementale et enfin les arguments en faveur du lieu central de ces interactions, les méristèmes. Diverses perspectives et applications sont discutées.
Le développement embryonnaire pré-gastrulatoire humain : modèles d’avenir et enjeux sociétaux
Authors: Jmel Boyer Inès , García Sánchez Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

L’infertilité, les fausses couches précoces et les malformations congénitales sont des problèmes majeurs de santé publique fréquents et relativement méconnus. Jusqu’à présent ce que l’on sait du développement précoce humain provient de deux sources principales : l’étude d’embryons humains et l’étude d’animaux modèles. Bien que certains mécanismes moléculaires soient conservés, il existe des spécificités liées à l’espèce humaine. Ainsi, il est important d’étudier les animaux modèles les plus proches possibles dans la classification phylogénétique, ce qui a mené à l’utilisation de lignées cellulaires de primates. De nos jours, les seuls embryons humains disponibles sont ceux issus de la Fécondation In Vitro, ils sont donc peu nombreux et doivent être détruits au bout de 14 jours. Cela a poussé les chercheurs à développer de nouvelles stratégies. Différentes équipes ont donc utilisé les cellules souches embryonnaires ou les cellules souches pluripotentes induites et leurs propriétés d’auto-organisation in vitro pour recréer des « embryons » et ainsi étudier leur développement. Ces nouvelles stratégies permettent de limiter l’utilisation d’embryons humains mais de nouvelles questions se posent désormais sur le statut légal de ces nouveaux « modèles ». À l’avenir, il sera important de mettre à jour les différentes législations et recommandations de l’International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) au fur et à mesure des avancées scientifiques pour éviter toute dérive. Un respect des recommandations et le maintien de discussions entre spécialistes et « grand public » permettront une meilleure compréhension du développement précoce humain et la mise en place de stratégies répondant à des enjeux sanitaires.
Linguistic models of social and political communication in the online-space: cognitive and pragmatic aspect
Authors: Katermina Veronika , Gnedash Anna
Published: December 2020

The socio-political context of the «post-truth» era, conditioned by the digitalization of all spheres of life, transforms the network content, which forms the basis of network discourses and is the main source of information for the network society. As a result, network content is not simply determined by the categorical concepts of «fact» – «myth», but is completely transformed into the conceptual-categorical apparatus «fact» – «alternative fact», which is essentially informational speculation and leads to the development of destructive socio-political practices and distribution of fake online content. Based on a comprehensive analysis of network data (a methodology developed by the authors that combines theories and methodologies of several areas of scientific knowledge), linguistic models of social and political communication in the online-space were identified and described («Ali Juppe» in France, «Pizzagate» in the USA, «Migrantskidnappers» in India and Pakistan); the result of consumption of new linguo-pragmatic patterns («Allan Juppe – an accomplice of Islamic extremists»; «Don’t vote for Clinton, Vote for Trump» and the side pattern «Save children from pedophiles»; «Pakistani migrants pose a threat») by users of the online-space in the specified countries was investigated; the results of the models’ actions are given and the offline result of the consumption of these patterns is described. The research develops a new direction of linguistic science – network linguistics; consideration of new network models of communication (cognitive stereotypes and linguopragmatic patterns) in the online-space is the main genuine identifier of the discourse varieties formed offline that determine the further behavior (constructive and / or destructive) of the user both online and offline.
German and Russian Political Blogs as Relevant Protest Practice in Context of Modern Society Mediatization
Authors: Terentyeva Elena , Milovanova Marina , Pavlova Elena , Wendt Nina , Kaderova Rumiya
Published: December 2020

The study reveals the multifunctionality which is typical of German and Russian political blogs. Regardless of the language of the blogs, information and evaluation, political and convening, consolidating, agitation and propaganda, presentation and propaganda, and directive functions are among the dominant functions. The paper briefly describes the linguistic means which represent these functions. It shows the discursive hybridity of political blogs which is manifested in combining the features of Internet discourse with elements of political, news, journalistic, and social values discourses (in German political blogs) and political, business, legal, conversational, and artistic discourses (in Russian political blogs). The authors establish the relevant communicative strategies of the addresser (the strategy to justify a “problem”, the strategy to support / not support demonstrated evaluation) and the tactics that implement them. The authors also define the topics for discussion which initiate the addressee’s protest reaction – these are social issues, international and regional developments, environment and migration crisis in German political blogs and finance and taxes, constitution and government, elections, corruption and officials in Russian political blogs. The paper describes the ways of forming and maintaining convening technologies in the protest practice considered. It considers the features of mediatization of politics and personality in the content analyzed, which are manifested in guiding the political agenda to the needs of the addressee. It also establishes that German and Russian political blogs as a protest practice are characterized by a set of common system and communicative characteristics, a similar strategy and tactic organization, and a different set of problem areas marked with the “threat” index. The results obtained contribute to further development of the provisions of the communicative theory of protest, facilitate the understanding of modern protest forms and attempt to explain how technology, politics and the media sphere are interlinked.
Markers of Ethnocultural Identity in Medical Research Papers
Authors: Torubarova Irina , Stebletsova Anna , Linaker Tanya
Published: December 2020

Cross-cultural differences in academic discourse as a field of applied linguistic research became mainstream at the end of the 20th century. Two fundamental concepts emerged at that period: one highlighted universal features of academic discourse, the other focused on ethnocultural peculiarities of cognitive and textual structures. Research in the field of academic discourse becomes particularly significant when applied to training and education of academic staff. Accepting the idea of universal features of academic discourse, we, however, tend to support the concept claiming that academic writing style may contain markers of ethnocultural identity of their authors. So, the aim of our research was to identify markers of ethnocultural identity in medical research texts. The study included comparative discourse analysis of research focused medical texts created by English-speaking (ES) and Russian-speaking (RS) authors. The results obtained have drawn us to the conclusion that despite universal features that scientific medical texts of the same genres share, they nevertheless manifest specific properties depending on the linguistic and cultural affiliation of their authors, i.e. markers of ethnocultural identity. This knowledge can contribute to international academic communication.
Linguo-pragmatic potential of creolized texts in online international EFL exams
Authors: Malakhova Victoria , Kopshukova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Nowadays we face the intense transition of the modern education system into the digital space due to some important reasons, the main of which are development of information technologies and the environmental factor. As a result, the priority is given to online exams; this requires both the content and design of exam materials to be adapted to the demands of the modern life and business world. In this connection, the analysis of creolized international EFL exam texts becomes relevant. The study sets its purpose the systematization and description of the main verbal and non-verbal markers of minitexts from international ESL exam demo-papers, which reveal the pragmatic potential of the texts considered.

The research methodological background is a combination of structural, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive text analysis.

We analyze texts with full and partial creolization and signs focusing on paralinguistic means of enhancing the linguo-pragmatic potential of creolized international ESL exam texts. The study highlights the functions which are performed with the synthesis of verbal and nonverbal communicative means. The findings make a significant contribution to developing and improving the effectiveness of exam materials and the process of conducting online exams in English.
Cognitive linguoecology as a methodological approach to the study of destructive communication
Authors: Volkova Yana
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the possibilities of applying the methodology of cognitive ecology to the agenda of destructive communication. Destructive communication is defined as a special type of interaction, which is based on a destructive communicative intention, which is in turn realized in a number of aggressive communicative actions. However, classifying destructive communication as an exclusively emotional type leaves open the question of the place and role of the rational component of destructiveness in communication. The article proves that it is cognitive ecology as a new direction of cognitive research that can offer a holistic and comprehensive approach to the study of destructive communication. As the main research method, the indicated approach includes a holistic analysis of both linguistic structures and social, situational, biological, i.e. non-verbal components, allowing us to understand the mechanisms underlying the destructive, i.e. ecologically irrelevant, communicative behavior. From the perspective of cognitive ecology, Russian-language situations of open and hidden destructive communication are analyzed in various types of discourse. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a new interdisciplinary scientific direction –cognitive linguoecology, within which language will be considered as a specific tool that ensures the functioning of the entire cognitive system, which will make it possible to understand the mechanisms of ecological behavior of the human being as its subject.