bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Zika Virus Exposure Alters the Interaction Between Affective Processing and Decision‐Making in Juvenile Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Cogo Patrick R. , Moadab Gilda , Bliss‐Moreau Eliza , Pittet Florent
Published: November 2024

Many challenges during pregnancy can disrupt fetal development and have varying consequences on the subsequent psychological development of infants. Notably, exposure to infectious pathogens during fetal development, such as those encountered in viral pandemics, has been associated with persistent developmental consequences on infants’ brains and behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms and the degree to which neural plasticity over infancy may accommodate fetal insults remain unclear. To address this gap, we investigated the interaction between affective processing and decision‐making in a cohort of rhesus monkey juveniles exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during fetal development, a pathogen known to profoundly disrupt central nervous system development. Ten juveniles exposed to ZIKV during their fetal development and nine procedure‐matched controls (CONs) completed a judgment bias task with and without a negative mood induction. Although ZIKV exposure did not impact the monkeys’ decision‐making processes during the task or the magnitude of their behavioral responses to the mood induction procedure, it did alter the influence of mood induction on decision‐making. Although CON monkeys exhibited significantly more conservative decision‐making following negative mood induction, the decision‐making of Zika‐exposed monkeys remained consistent among conditions. These findings suggest that fetal exposure to ZIKV impacts the neural systems involved in integrating affective and cognitive information, with potential long‐term implications for learning, memory, and emotion regulation.
Assessing the overlap between fishing and chondrichthyans exposes high‐risk areas for bycatch of threatened species
Authors: Maioli Federico , Weigel Benjamin , Lindmark Max , Manfredi Chiara , Zupa Walter , Bitetto Isabella , Russo Tommaso , Casini Michele
Published: November 2024

Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras) make up one of the oldest and most ecologically diverse vertebrate groups, yet they face severe threats from fishing, necessitating improved management strategies. To effectively manage these species, we need to understand their spatial interactions with fisheries. However, this understanding is often challenged by limited data on chondrichthyan catches and species identification. In such cases, assessing potential risks from fishing activities can provide valuable insights into these spatial interactions. Here, we propose a method combining geostatistical models fitted to a fishery‐independent dataset with vessel monitoring system (VMS) data to estimate the spatial overlap between chondrichthyans and fishing. Our case study focuses on the western Adriatic Sea in the Mediterranean, examining the overlap between bottom trawling (including otter bottom trawling and beam trawling) and demersal chondrichthyans. We find that the northwestern part of the basin is a hotspot where threatened chondrichthyans (classified as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List) greatly overlap with bottom trawling activities. Moreover, some areas, such as the northernmost part of the Adriatic and the “area dei fondi sporchi” in the north‐central offshore part, exhibit minimal overlap between threatened chondrichthyans and bottom trawling, potentially serving as refuges. We recommend prioritizing the management of otter bottom trawling in the northwestern basin to protect these threatened species, while also paying attention to the possible impacts of beam trawling on skates and chondrichthyan habitats. Despite certain limitations, our findings demonstrate that combining geostatistical models of species distributions with VMS data is a promising method for identifying areas of concern for species vulnerable to fishing. This approach can inform targeted management measures and cost‐effective onboard monitoring programs.
An Oxidative SNH Alkylamination of 5(6,7,8)‐Nitroquinoline N‐Oxides in Aqueous Dioxane Medium
Authors: Larin Alexander N. , Avakyan Elena K. , Demidov Oleg P. , Borovleva Anastasia A. , Zubenko Alexander A. , Pobedinskaya Diana Yu. , Ermolenko Artem P. , Kolosov Stepan E. , Borovlev Ivan V.
Published: November 2024

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐alkylamino and 2‐dialkylamino derivatives of N‐oxides of 5‐, 6‐, 7‐ and 8‐nitroquinolines, which can potentially exhibit biological activity, as containing a pharmacophoric quinoline fragment, is described herein. The reactions of 5(6,7,8)‐nitroquinoline N‐oxides with various primary or secondary amines in the presence of potassium ferricyanide at in aqueous dioxane medium afforded the corresponding secondary and tertiary amines in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction is the first example of a Chichibabin reaction leading to the formation of 2‐alkylaminoquinoline derivatives at position 2 under mild conditions. A study of the antibacterial activity of some products was carried out.
Performance Analysis of Cement Plant Waste‐Heat Recovery for Power Generation Based on Partial Evaporating Cycle with Ejector
Authors: Manalac Ed Joshua , Berana Menandro Serrano , Kim Sung Chul
Published: November 2024

In the cement industry, much waste heat is released into the environment. The organic Rankine cycle is widely utilized to harness waste heat for power generation. However, significant energy is lost in the heat recovery process due to the finite temperature difference between the heat source and working fluid, resulting in low power output andefficiency. To enhance the heat recovery from the cement flue gas and increase power output and overall efficiency, a novel partial evaporating cycle with ejector is proposed and investigated in this study. Pinch point analysis is performed to characterize the heat recovery process in the evaporator. The effects of the evaporating temperature, outlet quality of the evaporator, and exit pressure of the primary expander on system performance are also investigated. Results show that partially evaporating the fluid improves heat matching and reduces the irreversibilities in the evaporator by up to 18.1% when the outlet quality of the fluid is 0.33. Maximum net power of 803.15 kW can be generated with an evaporating temperature of , outlet quality of 0.33, and expander exit pressure of 1054.9 kPa. Additionally, the inclusion of the ejector increases the net power produced by up to 76.07 kW.
Compact Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature UVO Photochemical Annealed Mesoporous TiO2 Layers
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Chaofeng , Guo Yi , Huang Jiajia , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin , Huang Like
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has seen rapid development, with most high‐efficiency devices incorporating dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) barrier layers and mesoporous TiO2 layers to enhance selective electron transport. However, the manufacturing process requires high‐temperature sintering steps above 450 °C, leading to significant energy consumption. In addition, this requirement greatly limits the potential applications of PSCs in the field of flexible electronics. This study introduces a new method for preparing dense‐layer‐free mesoporous PSCs using low‐temperature UVO annealing of m‐TiO2. UVO annealing effectively removes residual organic components from m‐TiO2 precursor films, enhances the conductivity and wettability of the films, thereby reducing carrier recombination and improving the performance of PSCs. Research has shown that PSC with a 40 min UVO annealed m‐TiO2 layer exhibits a final photoelectric conversion efficiency of 17.79%, comparable to devices with traditional high‐temperature annealed m‐TiO2 PSCs. In addition, after 7 days at room temperature and ambient humidity, the unpackaged device maintains a maximum conversion efficiency of 84%. These findings indicate that UVO light annealing is a feasible alternative to high‐temperature annealing, providing a simpler, more cost‐effective, and energy‐saving method for the preparation of metal oxide electron transport layer in PSCs.
Improving Optoelectronic Properties of Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor‐Type Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Containing Extended Fused Ring Donor Units for Efficient Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Salwa  , Adnan Muhammad , Irshad Zobia , Hussain Riaz , Darwish Hany W. , Hussain Fakhar , Ahmed Mahmood
Published: November 2024

Developing efficient small molecule‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has gained huge attention in fabricating high‐efficiency and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and characterized eight new NFAs for OSCs. To investigate the potential of these newly designed NFAs series (IBH1–IBH8) for OSCs, various advanced quantum chemical simulation approaches are used and compared with the synthetic reference molecule IBH–R. Due to the extended donor cores, the IBH1–IBH8 molecules possess strong intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, which helps improve the thin‐film surface crystallinity. Moreover, the designed IBH1–IBH8 molecules present improved UV–visible absorption, narrower bandgaps, lower excitation, and binding energies, and improved photovoltaic characteristics. Furthermore, the impact on the intrinsic properties such as transition density matrix, density of state, electrostatic potential, distribution of frontier molecular orbitals, and reorganizational energies of holes and electrons are estimated. Additionally, the charge‐transfer phenomenon by establishing a donor:acceptor blend (PTB7–Th:IBH4) is analyzed, their geometric analyses are studied, and a good charge‐shifting process is found at the donor:acceptor interface. With these results, we demonstrated the enhancements in the optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs by performing a simple end‐capped modulation. Hence, these molecules are recommended for the development of efficient and cost‐effective OSCs.
Fire parameters of recycled plastic pellets
Authors: Devine Courtney , Flores‐Quiroz Natalia , Walls Richard , Kuhn Carlo
Published: November 2024

During the recycling process, waste plastic undergoes various processes that change its geometry. The thermal properties and fire behaviour of plastic in different geometries has not been widely studied. This paper aims to determine critical thermal properties of plastic pellets made of recycled plastic. For this paper, cone calorimeter tests of various volumes of recycled plastic pellets of low‐ and high‐density polyethylene and polypropylene were conducted. During these tests, the heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate and time‐to‐ignition were measured, thereafter the heat of combustion (HOC) was calculated. A calibration of suitable time‐to‐ignition equations is carried out. The average HRR is between 353 and 581 kW/m2 with an external heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The measured time‐to‐ignition values ranged between 27 s at 50 kW/m2 and just more than 90 s at 25 kW/m2. Values obtained analytically from the thermally thin time‐to‐ignition equations for these materials describe ignition well, which appears to be due to the particulate nature of the samples. The HOC (40–41 MJ/kg) shows good agreement with the HOC for virgin plastic found in literature. These properties can be used as a basis for material characterisation, and further testing will be done before using this as simulation inputs to determine how bulk stored plastic pellets will behave in the event of a fire.
Duckweed: Growth factor and applications in nonfood, food, and health
Authors: Hau Eng Huan , Mah Siau Hui
Published: November 2024

Duckweeds are aquatic plants and mainly constitute of five genera, Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffia, Wolffiella, and Landoltia. These are the smallest plants yet having a rapid growth rate. Hence, duckweeds are sustainable food sources for humans and animals, as well as sustainable feedstocks for biochemical production. Previously, duckweeds were discovered for their vital role in water purification by metabolizing chemicals and waste. However, many recent studies have discovered that duckweeds have a high amount of nutrients, which makes them a great substitute in human diets and animal feed. Their nutrient composition and growth rate are greatly affected by environmental factors. Hence, this review summarizes the characteristics of duckweeds, growth rate factors, and their applications in nonfood, food, and health. Duckweeds could improve health due to their large amounts of macro‐ and micronutrients. Future studies on the safety measures and duckweed culture are strongly recommended to safeguard the quality of the plants. Besides that, duckweeds have great potential to be used as heavy metals or contaminants absorbent, as well as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production.
Work‐Related Intimate Partner Violence (WIPV): A Systematic Review and Feminist Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Kauzlarich Laura , Greenwood Michelle
Published: November 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a long‐standing and egregious social issue that inherently impacts and is impacted by work and workplaces. Work‐related intimate partner violence (WIPV) is a pattern of IPV that both directly and indirectly undermines victim‐survivors' employment, work, and careers, yet scant attention has been paid in management studies to workplace responses and responsibilities regarding this form of violence. Hence, we conduct a systematic review and conceptual analysis of 111 WIPV‐focused papers utilizing three well‐established feminist lenses to ascertain and conceptualize what we know and do not know about the WIPV domain and, more importantly, to outline an agenda for what we should know from a gendered perspective about WIPV. We develop a gender‐sensitive, multilevel framework with which we investigate and challenge the WIPV research agenda from individual, interactionist, and structural viewpoints, including the interaction between these perspectives. A key purpose of this paper is to extend debate about WIPV beyond the current focus of human resource management (HRM) research and practice on micro‐level employment issues to include meso‐level organizational and macro‐level societal issues. A second and connected purpose is to draw attention to the need to address big societal challenges related to workplaces and to highlight the pivotal role of HRM in fostering ethical and socially sustainable workplaces. Thus, we advance the vital debate about WIPV, provide a template for how gender can be conceptualized in HRM and workplace research, and challenge the boundaries for organizational involvement in areas traditionally deemed as private or societal.
Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in the Conflicted Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Asefa Destaw , Worku Mengesha Endalkachew , Yadita Zemenu S.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Intimate partner violence (IPV), perpetrated by male partners, inflicts physical, sexual, or psychological harm on women. During pregnancy, it becomes a significant public health concern and human rights violation, especially in conflict‐affected areas, affecting both mother and fetus negatively. Research in Ethiopia often overlooks nonusers of antenatal services, primarily conducted in health facilities. This study addresses this gap, aiming to provide valuable insights into community dynamics. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with IPV during pregnancy in the conflict‐affected district of Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community‐based cross‐sectional study surveyed 603 postpartum women in the Argoba district, Amhara region Northeast Ethiopia, from March 26 to April 25, 2023, utilizing a multistage sampling technique. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire, coded, and entered into Epi‐data 4.6, then analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Adjusted odds ratios were computed at a 95% confidence interval [CI], with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Model fit and multicollinearity were assessed for validity.

Result

The study found an overall prevalence of 45.1% (95% CI: 41.1–49.1) for IPV during pregnancy, with psychological violence being the most prevalent (38.0%), followed by physical (24.7%) and sexual violence (18.6%). Factors significantly associated with IPV included unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.10–3.47), women's acceptance of violence (AOR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.64–3.48), having a partner who chews khat (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.31–3.03), and spouse's engagement in multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.58).

Conclusion

The study's findings indicate a higher prevalence compared to others, with key factors including unwanted pregnancy, acceptance of violence, khat chewing, and multiple sexual partners. Recommendations include comprehensive sex education, awareness campaigns, relationship counseling, community engagement, improved healthcare access, stronger legal frameworks, and empowerment programs.
The Extra Length of Stay, Costs, and Mortality Associated With Healthcare‐Associated Infections: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Moradi Samaneh , Najafpour Zhila , Cheraghian Bahman , Keliddar Iman , Mombeyni Razieh
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

This study aims to compare the mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization cost in patients with and without healthcare‐associated infections (HCAIs).

Methods

This prospective cohort study is conducted on 396 matched patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital with 800 beds in the southwest of Iran from July 2021 to January 2022. The cases were patients admitted during the study period who had, at minimum, one type of HCAI. For a comparison group, we considered all patients without HCAIs who hospitalized in the same ward and at the same time with the same age and gender in a ratio of one case to three controls. Descriptive analyses were done based on direct medical costs, LOS, and mortality rate in patients. The magnitude of the relationship between potential risk factors and HCAI was quantified using logistic regression.

Results

The most common HCAI and microorganisms were urinary tract infection (UTI) and Escherichia coli, respectively. The mean LOS for infected patients was 20.3 (±16) days, compared to 8.7 (±8.6) days for noninfected patients (p value ≤ 0.05). Lengths of stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.06–1.19; p value = 0.000), ICU lengths of stay (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.15; p value = 0.003), presence of central Catheter (OR = 0.127; 95% CI = 0.51–0.319; p value = 0.000), and urinary catheter (OR = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.122–0.415; p value = 0.000), mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.136; 95% CI = 0.57–0.325; p value = 0.000), receipt of immunosuppressors (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 11.12–3.56; p value = 0.01), were Significantly associated with HCAI. Patients with infections had a more costly hospital stay than noninfected patients (mean diff: $2037.46 ([SD]: 482.25$) (p value = 0.000). The highest cost component was the cost of medication expenditure (mean: $1612.66 ([SD]: $2542.27).

Conclusions

UTI was the most common HCAI in our study. An infection acquired during a hospital stay may be associated with higher hospitalization costs, prolonged hospitalization, and an increase in the rate of mortality. Longer lengths of stay, presence of central and urinary Catheters, receipt of immunosuppressors, use of mechanical ventilator were common risk factors for HCAI. This study reveals that the median reimbursement cost per hospitalization of patients with HCAIs was higher than patients without HCAIs. This highlights the necessity for implementation of HCAI prevention and control measures.
The Effect of Scenario‐Based Group Discussion Training on the Nursing Students' Creativity: A Randomized Educational Controlled Trial
Authors: Moghadam Mahboobeh Hosseini , Tehranineshat Banafsheh , Rostami Khatereh , Momennasab Marzieh
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Applying the clinical scenario teaching method using approaches such as group discussion facilitates the possibility of learning and developing creativity in a real clinical learning environment. However, few studies have been done in this field. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of scenario‐based group discussion training on the creativity level of nursing students.

Material and Methods

This study was a randomized controlled educational trial from January to October 2019 conducted on nursing students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Nursing students were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (22 per each group). The students in the intervention group participated in a training program consisting of three 60‐min sessions per week for two consecutive weeks. In each session, 2–3 scenarios were presented, and the students discussed about it. Each student was asked to submit a practical activity in a written story. In the control group, the training was conducted in the usual way (Students' presentation and discussion of presented content without scenario presentation). Data were collected using a validated creativity questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22, using Chi‐square and t‐test and the significance level was considered p < 0.05.

Results

The results showed that immediately after the intervention, a difference was observed between the groups concerning the mean score of fluency (p = 0.02) and originality (p = 0.03), but there was not a significant difference between the groups concerning the overall score of creativity (p = 0.09).

Conclusion

It can be concluded that scenario‐based group discussion training is effective for improving the dimensions of the fluency and originality creativity of nursing students. It seems that scenario‐based education is an appropriate radical method for traditional education methods.

Trial Registration: IRCT Registration Number: IRCT20140503017546N13; Registration Date: 09.05.2018.
The Effect of an Educational Program on the Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Sciences Students About Social Determinants of Health in Iranian University Students: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Amini‐Rarani Mostafa , Omid Athar , Nosratabadi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Given the importance of social determinants on health outcomes, training medical sciences students in addressing social determinants of health can enhance their effectiveness and social accountability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational program on the knowledge and attitude of medical sciences students regarding social determinants of health.

Methods

Using a one‐group pretest‐posttest quasi‐experimental design, this study selected 200 students from a medical university in Iran through simple random sampling. A tailored educational intervention, grounded in the conceptual framework for action on social determinants of health, was implemented. To assess the program's effect, data were collected using a validated questionnaire that measured the students' knowledge and attitudes towards social determinants of health both at baseline (pretest) and 1 month following the intervention (posttest).

Results

The application of the Wilcoxon Signed‐Ranks Test revealed a significant increase in the median scores for knowledge and attitude postintervention. Specifically, the posttest median scores were significantly elevated compared to the pretest knowledge score (Z = −11.89, p < 0.001) and attitude score (Z = −11.60, p < 0.001). This indicates that the educational intervention significantly improved the students' knowledge and attitudes concerning social determinants of health.

Conclusion

The study outcomes suggest that educational interventions focused on social determinants of health effectively improve students' knowledge and attitudes. We recommend integrating such programs into the medical sciences curriculum and experiential training. By doing so, we can better prepare future healthcare professionals to address social determinants of health‐related issues. This approach has the potential to reduce health disparities and also addresses broader social challenges affecting population health.
Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Public and Private Pharmacy Professionals in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Abebe Tarekegn , Geremew Derso Teju , Mengistu Melak Erara
Published: November 2024

Background

The quality of the healthcare system and the achievement of specific patient outcomes rely on the contentment of pharmacy experts working in both public and private pharmacies. This study aims to evaluate and compare the levels of job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals employed in public and private medication retail outlets in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia.

Method

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted to assess job satisfaction and associated factors among pharmacy professionals in public and private pharmacies in Gondar town from July 20 to August 1, 2022. All pharmacy professionals were included in the study and no sample size was calculated. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with job satisfaction and a p < 0.05 was considered significant with 95% CI.

Result

A total of 217 private and public pharmacy professionals were included in the study, and 183 volunteered to participate with a response rate of 84%. Among the study participants, 52.5% were dissatisfied with their job. The majority of the respondents (92.3%) believed that the job has a good future, 72% of them received good recognition from the community for their job and more than half (57.3%) received a good salary. Private pharmacy workers were found to be more satisfied than public pharmacy workers (AOR: 2.770), pharmacy professionals who had good salaries and benefits, (AOR: 0.302), and individuals who were closeness of their workplace to home (AOR: 0.298) were significantly associated with job satisfaction levels.

Conclusion

In this study, more than half of participants were disatisfied with their job. Pharmacy professionals working in private medication retail outlets, who had good salaries and benefits, and lived close to their homes were significantly associated with job satisfaction levels.
A Cross‐Sectional Study of Unstable Housing and Housing‐Related Symptom Content in People With Psychosis Admitted for Inpatient Treatment: A Clinical Record Interactive Search Study
Authors: Teale Ashley‐Louise , Docherty Lucy , Kenji Yasmeen , Lovell Amy , Jacobsen Pamela
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Rates of psychosis in the homeless population are markedly higher compared to the general population. Understanding potential psychological mechanisms underpinning links between psychosis and homelessness is important for the development of effective care pathways for this highly marginalised group. This study aimed to examine the housing status of a sample of people with psychosis admitted to psychiatric inpatient hospital in one UK mental health trust. We further aimed to examine the presence and relevance of symptoms which were directly related to housing (e.g., persecutory beliefs about neighbours).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an electronic healthcare database, containing anonymised patient records (Clinical Record Interactive Search). Information on housing status, symptoms, and content of symptoms relating to housing were extracted and independently double‐coded from clinical notes at the person's admission.

Results

351 service users were in the sample, which covered discharges over a 12‐month period (1st April 2021 to 31st March 2022). There was a higher proportion of individuals living without a fixed address in the sample (10%) compared to population estimates (1%–2%). Housing‐related thematic content of symptoms was evident in 34% of the sample (e.g., attributing voices to neighbours, feeling under surveillance at home). The only variable significantly associated with housing status was gender, with men at higher odds of unstable housing compared to women. Individuals with concerns directly related to their housing or housing instability were no more likely to have a longer length of admission than those without housing‐related concerns.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of individuals with psychosis admitted for psychiatric inpatient treatment, experienced housing instability. For some of the sample, symptom content directly related to housing. This raises important considerations for how social needs are assessed on admission to psychiatric hospital. Further research in this area is encouraged.
Unacceptable Behaviors Towards Health Professional Clinical Students: Protocol For a Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Al‐Busaidi Ibrahim S. , Noller Geoff , Ross Jim M. , Gray Andrew R. , Peterson Aynsley , Aldabe Daniela , Rudland Joy , Bryant Katrina Pōtiki , Kane Paul , Moffat Susan M. , Ma Sunyoung , Jones Virginia , Anderson Lynley
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Previous studies describe the occurrence of unacceptable behaviors reported by students pursuing health professional education in Aotearoa, New Zealand and across the globe. These include, but are not limited to, experiences of verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and discrimination based on race/ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, and sexual orientation. University of Otago teaching staff across the various health professional programs often receive anecdotal reports of these phenomena from their clinical students. Our study will investigate the extent and sources of unacceptable behaviors, whether students report those events, and possible institutional responses to these behaviors.

Methods

A student codesign panel was formed alongside the research team to guide study design and data collection. This study will use a sequential two‐phase mixed methods design. The first phase will include a cross‐sectional survey using a modified version of a validated online questionnaire administered to all clinical students across the seven health professional programs at the University of Otago. The second phase will recruit students to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Descriptive and thematic analysis will be applied.

Conclusion

This novel mixed‐method study may offer valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of unacceptable behaviors on health professional students at the University of Otago, while ensuring student perspectives are incorporated into both the research design and the university's response strategies.
Coparenting conflict moderates the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant regulatory capacity
Authors: Pinto Tiago Miguel , Feinberg Mark Ethan , Figueiredo Bárbara
Published: November 2024

As a development‐enhancing or a risk‐promoting environment, coparenting may shape the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant regulatory capacity. This study aimed to analyse the moderator role of coparenting cooperation and conflict in the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months. The sample comprised 103 primiparous couples (N = 206 parents) and their 3‐month‐old infants (53.7% female). Mothers reported on depressive symptoms at the first trimester of pregnancy, and both parents reported on coparenting, and infant regulatory capacity at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. Higher levels of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and higher levels of coparenting conflict reported by parents at 2 weeks postpartum were associated with lower infant regulatory capacity at 3 months. Coparenting conflict at 2 weeks postpartum accentuated the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months. The results support a view of coparenting conflict as a risk‐promoting environment that can accentuate the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and infant regulatory capacity. Infants in families with mothers with elevated prenatal depressive symptoms and with high levels of coparenting conflict may be at high risk of low regulatory capacity.
An Overview of Pediatric Pulmonary Complications During COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Lesson for Future
Authors: Roshanzamir Zahra , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Yadegar Amirhossein , Naeini Ali Mohammadi , Hojabri Katayoon , Shirzadi Rohola
Published: November 2024

Background

The pediatric community is considered a suitable target for controlling the spread and mortality of viral diseases. In late December 2019, a respiratory disease due to the novel coronavirus, later COVID‐19, hit the globe. The COVID‐19 global disruption had direct and indirect impacts on different aspects of child health. Therefore, surveillance, preventive approaches, and treatment plans for children came into the spotlight.

Objective

This study aims to discuss the clinical pictures as well as laboratory and radiological findings of the infected children during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The focus of this study is to express the clinical manifestations of respiratory disease in pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2, available therapeutic options, vaccine recommendations, and long COVID sequelae in affected children. This review could serve as a hint for upcoming challenges in pediatric care during future pandemics.

Results

The clinical presentation of COVID‐19 in pediatrics can range from mild pulmonary disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Supportive care is a crucial component of the management of pediatric COVID‐19. However, the importance of specializing in how to treat patients with more severe conditions cannot be overstated. Additionally, clinicians must consider prevention strategies as well as potential complications.

Conclusion

Although the infected patients are dipping day by day, there is a lack of clinical guidelines for pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated pulmonary diseases. Understanding of the physicians about all aspects of pediatric care during the COVID‐19 pandemic could lead to enhanced quality of future patient care and safety, reduced costs of health policies, and surveil the risk that patients with respiratory viruses can expose to society.
Innovative Marine‐Sourced Hydroxyapatite, Chitosan, Collagen, and Gelatin for Eco‐Friendly Bone and Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Elkhenany Hoda , Soliman Mariam Waleed , Atta Dina , El‐Badri Nagwa
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the exploration of sustainable alternatives in the field of bone tissue engineering has led researchers to focus on marine waste byproducts as a valuable resource. These marine resources, often overlooked remnants of various industries, exhibit a rich composition of hydroxyapatite, collagen, calcium carbonate, and other minerals essential to the complex framework of bone structure. Marine waste by‐products can emit gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, highlighting the urgency to repurpose these materials for innovative tissue regeneration solutions, offering a sustainable approach to address environmental challenges while advancing medical science. Using these discarded materials offers a promising pathway for sustainable development in regenerative medicine. This review investigates the distinctive properties of marine waste byproducts, emphasizing their capacity to be recycled effectively to contribute to the rebuilding of bone and cartilage tissue during regeneration processes. We also highlight the compatibility of these resources with biological materials such as platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), stem cells, exosomes, and natural bioproducts, as well as nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers. By using the natural potential of these resources, we simultaneously address environmental challenges and promote innovative solutions in skeletal tissue engineering, initiating a new era of environmentally green biomedical research.
Additively Manufactured 3D Clamp‐Culture System for the Investigation of Material‐Cell Interactions in Multi‐Material Hybrid Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Defects
Authors: Enbergs Simon , Shopperly Lennard K. , Engels Andreas , Laue Dominik , Ertel Wolfgang , Sittinger Michael , Rendenbach Carsten , Dehne Tilo , Jagielski Michal , Spinnen Jacob
Published: November 2024

The emergence of hybrid scaffolds, blending biomaterials with diverse properties, offers promise in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. However, a need for in vitro platforms investigating biological behavior and the interplay of different load‐bearing and colonizable synthetic bone substitute materials remains. Herein, we present a novel, in‐house producible, and scalable clamp culture system designed for facile in vitro analysis of interactions between biomaterials, hydrogels, and cells. The system, constructed here from an exemplary 3D‐printable polymer and photopolymerizable hydrogel using a widely available benchtop 3D printer, ensures mechanical stability and protection for the embedded hydrogel via its double‐clamp structure, facilitating various analytical methods while preserving culture integrity. Hybrid clamp cultures were additively manufactured from polylactic acid, filled with a bone precursor cell‐laden methacrylate gelatin hydrogel, cultured for 14 days, and analyzed for cell viability, mineralization, and osseous differentiation. Results indicate no adverse effects on osteogenic differentiation or mineralization compared to conventional droplet cultures, with enhanced cell viability and simplified handling and downstream analysis. This system demonstrates the potential for robust experimentation in tissue engineering and is adaptable to various plate formats, and thus highly suitable for the investigation of biomaterial‐cell interactions and the development of implants for musculoskeletal tissue defects.
Comparative Anatomical, Histochemical, and Phytochemical Characterization of Species of the Genus Cucumis L.
Authors: da Silva Elizandra Maria , Magalhães Cledson dos Santos , Randau Karina Perrelli
Published: November 2024

Cucumis anguria L. and Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach belong to the Cucurbitaceae family and are popularly known as “maxixe.” In folk medicine, they are used to treat pneumonia, hyperglycemia, wounds, and malaria. This study aims to characterize the anatomy, histochemistry, and phytochemistry of C. anguria and C. dipsaceus. Conventional methods in plant anatomy and microscopy were used to prepare and analyze semi‐permanent slides containing cross‐sections of the stem, petiole, leaves, and paradermal sections of the leaf blade. For the histochemical analysis, different reagents were used according to the target metabolite. Phytochemical tests of methanolic extracts of leaves were performed by thin‐layer chromatography. The microscopic analysis allowed obtaining the differentiation of plant cells, the presence of tector and glandular trichomes, in addition to showing anatomical traits such as stem shape, petiole shape, and organization of the mesophyll. Histochemistry showed the presence of alkaloids, starch, phenolic compounds, lipophilic compounds, lignin, and tannins. Phytochemical prospection identified monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars. The obtained results provide important information for quality control and species differentiation since there are few studies in the literature on these species.
Soil Acidification and Its Temporal Changes in Tea Plantations of Guizhou Province, Southwest China
Authors: Gao Xiubing , Liu Chunyan , Guo Can , Duan Xueyi , Zhang Yuan , Ma Chiyu
Published: November 2024

Soil acidification is a significant problem in intensive agricultural systems, particularly in tea plantations. Guizhou province, located in the center of the karst mountainous region of southwest China, has the largest tea plantation area in China. However, the soil acidification characteristics in the tea plantations of Guizhou province, as well as their temporal changes, have not yet been adequately studied. Therefore, soil acidification and associated soil properties in the major tea‐planting counties of Guizhou province were extensively assessed, and the temporal changes in soil acidity over the past 11 years were also evaluated through long‐term and short‐term experiments. The results showed that the average soil pH in the tea plantations in Guizhou province varied from 4.08 to 4.87, with a mean of 4.47. The average cation exchange capacity (CEC), TEA (total exchangeable acidity, TEA), EH (exchangeable H+), and EA (exchangeable Al3+) values were 9.6, 3.7, 5.8, and 19.0 cmol/kg, respectively. Seasonal changes in tea plantation soil pH were observed in low‐ and moderately acidic soils but not in highly acidic soils. The soil pH values did not significantly change during three consecutive years of in situ observations but significantly decreased over the past 11 years at an average of 0.03 yearly. Correlation analysis revealed that the soil pH in tea plantations was significantly positively correlated with the content of specific amino acids, such as glutamic acid, arginine, and valine, but was significantly negatively correlated with certain soil physicochemical properties. The findings of this study indicate that soil acidification in tea plantations of the Guizhou province is severe and possesses distinctive attributes that should be considered for its effective management.
To Investigate the Impact of Land Use Change on the Potential Groundwater Recharge on Hillslope With Deep Loess Deposits
Authors: Li Han , Cai Yiming , Min Min , Tao Ze , Si Bingcheng
Published: November 2024

Accurately estimating groundwater recharge in hilly areas with limited water and thick vadose zones is challenging. This study investigated the impact of land use changes on groundwater recharge at a hillslope scale of Yuanzegou Watershed in China's Loess Plateau. Three adjacent hillslopes were selected for three different land uses: arbor (jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), subshrub (native grass, Artemisia gmelinii), and crop (millet, Setaria italica). Soil cores (as deep as 10–16/18 m) were collected at each of the three landscape positions on a hillslope. Reported tritium profiles in the watershed were used to estimate the net chloride input into vadose zone on hillslope associated with inverse chloride mass balance (CMB) method/chloride accumulation method (CAM). Soil water content and chloride profiles in the study were measured to determine recharge rates at each landscape position beneath different vegetation types. For the first time, we evaluated the actual chloride input into vadose zone on hillslopes as 540.2 ± 23.8 mg m−2 yr.−1, excluding the impact of runoff. Then, estimated recharge rates ranged from 42.7 ± 3.5 to 62.4 ± 4.7 mm yr.−1, consistent with nearby studies. Results showed that groundwater recharge does not change with landscape position except for higher value on upslope beneath subshrub hillslope. In contrast, groundwater recharge did significantly reduce by 12.9% ± 5.4% and 26.5% ± 4.5% after conversion from cropland to subshrub/arbor on the hillslope, respectively. Our findings contribute to understanding the ecohydrological effects of land use changes on groundwater recharge on hillslope and help to select suitable afforested vegetation for greening efforts in water‐limited hilly areas, with a priority on groundwater safety.
Multi‐Wavelength Achromatic Graphene Metalenses for Visible, NIR, and Beyond
Authors: Cao Guiyuan , Wei Shibiao , Wang Siqi , Xu Xining , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Huihui , Liu Jingheng , Han Zhenqian , Zhao Weisong , Li Haoyu , Lin Han , Yuan Xiaocong , Jia Baohua
Published: November 2024

The demand for achromatic ultrathin flat lenses has become increasingly stringent, particularly for high‐performance imaging and display applications. Despite significant progress in achromatic metasurface and diffraction lenses, no single material has yet been capable of constructing ultrathin achromatic flat lenses covering ultrabroad wavebands, including the visible and near‐infrared (NIR), due to the limitations of material bandgaps. This limitation complicates fabrication processes, integration, and miniaturization, often leading to instability. In this paper, making use of the dispersionless nature of graphene, high numerical aperture multi‐wavelength achromatic metalenses (MAGLs) made entirely from graphene is proposed and demonstrated. This approach, based on a partial intensity resonance (PIR) mechanism, requires no iterative algorithms. Two MAGLs for visible and communication bands, respectively, are designed and fabricated. Remarkably, the measured focal lengths only deviate by less than 0.15% from the desired values. The graphene metalens (GML) in the visible produced clear and high‐quality images of microscopic character and Brassica napus cells. The demonstrated MAGLs significantly simplify the fabrication process and enhance integration, miniaturization, and stability. Their unique single‐material design offers tremendous potential to replace conventional refractive lenses in applications such as virtual reality glasses, hyperspectral imaging systems, and fluorescence microscopes.
Aminated Microcrystalline Cellulose Aerogel for Efficient CO2 Capture
Authors: Qi Man , Pang Bo , Zhang Yu , Frisinger Maja‐Stina Svanberg , Chang Jian , Kulangara Ashin Vadakke , Hedin Niklas , Yuan Jiayin
Published: November 2024

Given the substantial emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere, there is a critical need for effective CO2 adsorbents at scale, ideally derived from abundant and sustainable natural resources. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose derived from cotton is used to fabricate cellulose aerogel as porous support via a NaOH/urea‐based dissolution and regeneration process, followed by surface modification with a series of amino silane coupling agents to produce aminated cellulose aerogel as CO2 adsorbent. The as‐synthesized optimal adsorbent exhibits a high CO2 sorption capacity of up to 1.5 and 1.3 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 25 °C at 1 bar, respectively. Notably, in‐depth analysis shows that the adsorbent achieves an impressive capacity of CO2 uptake of 0.29 mmol g−1 at 25 °C at an exceptionally low CO2 pressure of 0.4 mbar, i.e., under ambient CO2 pressure. It implies its potential use as adsorbent both for the traditional point‐source capture and the direct air capture as an emerging negative emission technology. This study underscores the environmentally friendly, cost‐effective, and biosourced attributes of aminated cellulose aerogel as a compelling alternative for carbon capture, contributing to global initiatives combating CO2 emissions and stressing the key role of sustainable materials in tackling this global environmental challenge.