bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Math By the Month: Cranium Crackers
Authors: Shreero Besty , Sullivan Cindy , Conage Mary , Urbano Alicia
Published: December 2020

The “Math by the Month” activities are designed to engage students to think like mathematicians. The activities allow for students to work individually or in small groups, or they may be used as problems of the week. No solutions are suggested so that students will look to themselves for mathematical justification and authority, thereby developing confidence to validate their work.
Math According To Mooch
Authors: Kritzer Karen L. , Pagliaro Claudia M.
Published: December 2020

In the second week of school, a new student entered my class. He was about eight inches tall and covered with brown fur, and he answered to the name of “Mooch.” To most people, he looked like an ordinary Beanie Baby, but to us he became a special friend. Mooch was a mathematical monkey. He enjoyed challenging students with various problems and taught us a great deal about mathematics throughout the year.
Learning can be fun for adults
Authors: Silbey Robyn
Published: December 2020

A key to being an effective math coach is ensuring that teachers have a reason to learn something new. The professional development must be relevant to their work and of value to the participants. How can you deliver professional development that educates and motivates?
The amazing number nine
Authors: Columba Lynn
Published: December 2020

The teacher in Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith's Math Curse (1995 Viking Press) planted the seed for a profound idea with her simple statement: “You know, almost everything in life can be considered a math problem.” This is a true statement, as students will soon discover with this set of math problems about the number 9.
Understanding place value
Authors: Cooper Linda L. , Tomayko Ming C.
Published: December 2020

Exploring ancient numbers helps students focus on the structure and properties of our Hindu-Arabic system.
Addition problems in creative ways
Authors: Harrell Laken B.
Published: December 2020

During one of my small-group math lessons, I decided to challenge a group of students. Our entire class had been working on basic missingaddend problems throughout the week. The problems had seemed easy for these six students. I had not yet instructed my class on two-digit addition and subtraction, but I gave this small group some two-digit, missing-addend problems. I handed each of them a whiteboard and a marker and told them they could use any strategy they wanted to find the correct answer.
Features of the Role Structure and Relationships in Korean and Russian Couples
Authors: Pishchik Vlada , Li Irina
Published: December 2020

The modern world leads to collapse of the marriage institution. It causes a lot of problems. One of them raises the question of how ethnic culture preserves the relationships in married couples within traditional framework if these couples live in a different national cultural; environment. Both Russian and Korean are collectivism cultures. However, in Russia individualism is spreading very quickly among young people. In Korean families elderly people have a big influence, they adhere to Confucianism. Russians have more democratic relations and adhere to Christianity. We tried to prove that Korean couples still have traditional marital roles, relationships, and attitudes. The purpose of the study is to compare the role structure, features of the husband-wife relationship, and attitudes in the Russian and Korean married couples living in Russia. Russian and Korean family roles are considered in the article, as well as the features of family attitudes that characterize the type of family and describe the mentality of Russians and Koreans. A comparative cross-methodology was applied within pairs and between Korean and Russian pairs, and data was factorized. The sample consisted of n = 80 participants. We used the following methods: measurement of roles in a family; study of understanding relationships, emotional attraction and authoritarianism; attitudes towards love, children, money, and divorce. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the fact that the comparison with various aspects of the structure of roles and relationships in modern Korean and Russian couples is carried out, the members of married couples of both nationalities are compared. The study showed that Russians and Koreans living in Russia have become very similar in their lifestyle, but they differ in the internal arrangement of the family, role preferences and attitudes in a married couple, especially in relation to children, sex, psychological climate and financial responsibility. The data obtained can be used in family counseling and therapy.
Don´t cheat like I did: Possessive jealousy and infidelity in close relationships
Authors: Buunk Abraham P. , Fernandez Ana M.
Published: December 2020

In a sample of 68 adult men and 70 adult women from Santiago, Chile, with a mean age of 29.40 years and a median age of 29, the effects of one's own infidelity and that of one's partner on different types of jealousy were examined. Of the respondents 47.1% had ever been unfaithful, and over half (56.5%) reported that their partner had been unfaithful. There were no effects of one's own infidelity and that of one's partner on reactive and anxious jealousy, but those who had been unfaithful, as well as those whose partner had been unfaithful, expressed the highest levels of possessive jealousy. These effects were not moderated by gender nor did age affect jealousy. Women were higher in all types of jealousy than men were.
La relación alumno-docente en el cine español en torno a la guerra civil y la dictadura: de Valentina a Vivir es fácil con los ojos cerrados
Authors: Brémard Bénédicte
Published: December 2020

La relación alumno-docente protagoniza numerosas películas que retratan la España pre- o post-guerra civil: Valentina (Antonio José Betancor, 1982), La lengua de las mariposas (José Luis Cuerda, 1999), El espinazo del diablo (Guillermo del Toro, 2001), Eres mi héroe (Antonio Cuadri, 2002), Vivir es fácil con los ojos cerrados (David Trueba, 2013), y la adaptación del ensayo de Andrés Sopeña Monsalve, El florido pensil (Juan José Porto, 2002); también aparece, si bien enfoca al grupo de alumnos en su conjunto y diversidad, en Las largas vacaciones del 36 (Jaime Camino, 1976). Quizás la explicación se encuentre en las declaraciones del italiano Luigi Comencini, cineasta de la niñez, quien veía la infancia como el único momento de libertad del individuo, destinado a ser dramáticamente reprimido por la educación (tanto escolar como familiar). Sin embargo, la mayor parte de las figuras citadas son más bien emancipadoras, motores del desarrollo individual del alumno, y no encarnaciones del autoritarismo. La razón de la idealización de dicha relación docente-alumno podría radicar tanto en un imaginario nostálgico de la ILE como en el homenaje a una figura (el docente) que fue a menudo objeto de la represión dictatorial. No obstante y extrañamente, escasos son los ejemplos de la relación maestra-alumna, al menos como núcleo argumental, y las pocas figuras de profesoras que ofrece el cine español sobre este período se corresponden más bien con estereotipos temibles o eróticos.
Certas crianças: a infância em documentários italianos do pós-guerra
Authors: Ravesi Giacomo
Published: December 2020

O ensaio investiga a representação da infância em documentários de autor realizados na Itália no período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A análise visa conjuntamente o imaginário da infância e o das periferias urbanas. Embora aparentemente distantes, tais motivos figurativos e conceituais estão perfeitamente inter-relacionados no caso italiano, especialmente nas décadas da reconstrução e do boom econômico. Com foco nas formas de não ficção documental, o artigo analisa alguns curtas-metragens produzidos na Itália entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960 – por diretores como Mario Soldati, Luigi Comencini, Francesco Maselli, Raffaele Andreassi, Cecilia Mangini, Michele Gandin, Damiano Damiani e Dino Risi – que atestam a presença e a euforia de um peculiar “olhar sobre a infância”, que combina as tensões éticas e estéticas da experiência neorrealista com os lirismos e as prerrogativas formais do cinema de autor. Unir os temas da infância e da periferia significa confrontar-se com mitologias consolidadas e historicizadas dentro do panorama do cinema italiano, mas que foram pouco analisadas em sua sinergia iconográfica e expressiva. A periferia e a infância são ambas, de fato, emblemas de uma condição humana e social que vive à margem, na despreocupação e na expectativa de um amanhã a ser construído. A análise visa, portanto, lançar uma nova luz sobre essas relações, tanto na perspectiva dos estudos de cinema e audiovisual quanto na das ciências pedagógicas, para tentar reinterpretar, através da forma cinematográfica, a representação da infância e algumas abordagens educativas na Itália nos anos da reconstrução e do boom econômico.
Pedagogia e caridade franciscanas na educação: Escola Paroquial étnica em Petrópolis no final do século XIX
Authors: Martins Marco Aurélio Corrêa
Published: December 2020

Em Petrópolis, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 1896, os franciscanos criaram uma escola paroquial étnica para os filhos de antigos colonos alemães vindos décadas antes para o país, em 1843. Com uma pedagogia de base intuitiva, atuaram em prol de uma obra católica e caritativa de promoção social e religiosa de meninos pobres. Lutando contra os protestantes, a laicização republicana, o liberalismo político e outras expressões filosóficas e políticas na sociedade urbana, deram forma a sua atuação recebendo dos ricos e do Estado aporte financeiro para empreender, mas, sobretudo, adquirindo autonomia de ação com o estabelecimento de fontes próprias de mantença. Sua atividade estava em consonância com o neotomismo de Leão XIII e sua ideia de caridade expandida sobre o tema da instrução escolar. Revela a inexistência do direito social à educação, mas explicita a busca pela difusão da escola entre os mais pobres. A pesquisa baseia-se em informações jornalísticas, tomados os periódicos como fontes numa perspectiva da compreensão de um movimento social, a partir da colocação na esfera pública das questões institucionais. Os referenciais teóricos ligam-se a Carvalho (2015) e Marshall (1967) com a ideia de direito social, e a Ricoeur (2010), em sua filosofia da história.
Vozes femininas no Babau
Authors: Viana Amanda de Andrade
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho é um relato parcial sobre a pesquisa que está sendo realizada pelo grupo paraibano de teatro de bonecos Cia Boca de Cena. A pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre as vozes femininas que permeiam o universo do teatro de bonecos popular nordestino, especificamente na Paraíba. A coleta de dados partiu da observação participante e do trabalho de três bonequeiros que foi analisado durante suas apresentações de Babau no projeto “Benedito e João Redondo Pelas Ruas da Cidade”.
Living the Good Life: A Conversation about Well-being, Education, and Culture
Authors: Cardinal Trudy , Lambert Louise , Lamouche Sandra
Published: December 2020

In this paper we engage in a conversation speaking from three different perspectives and discuss the ways literature and our personal life experiences can inform policy and practice in relation to the concepts of well-being, education, and culture.  We gathered around a metaphorical kitchen table, bringing to it our life experiences, as well as the literature that informed our individual research programs (positive psychology, Indigenous world view, and narrative inquiry) and we began to unpack the questions: “What role does culture play in understanding and educating for well-being and why should an education system be concerned about it?”
Justifying Bill 18: A Critique of Kymlicka’s Comprehensive Neutrality
Authors: Tanchuk Nick
Published: December 2020

Manitoba’s Bill 18 provides students the legal right to form gay-straight alliance student groups within denominational and dissentient schools. Religious opponents of Bill 18 claim that the law unjustifiably imposes a homogenous moral worldview on religious families. I argue that if we appeal to Will Kymlicka’s comprehensive neutralist theory of political morality to justify Bill 18, the religious complaint is problematically vindicated. I argue that Kymlicka appeals to two bases of neutrality that ultimately fail to distinguish his view from the perfectionist theories of political morality that he officially rejects. Due to this internal inconsistency, the priority of Kymlicka’s preferred moral practices remains unjustified. For those of us who believe that Bill 18 is morally justified, an alternative approach to explaining this intuition is required.
Beyond a Single World: Pedagogy and Relating in Difference
Authors: Mikulan Petra
Published: December 2020

The central notion of my analysis is that the relational values that are privileged by the feminine, if properly addressed in school, could foster a more inclusive and embodied way of addressing the fundamentally masculine origin of knowledge, curriculum planning as well as daily school rituals and cultures. For this reason I evoke the horizon of sense as captured by Irigaray in her two-ness of the world to designate a positive place for feminine subjectivity in the relational economy of the you and I, her and him. The economy of the placenta is evoked as a new form of connectedness enfolding a new kind of communication in a pedagogical interaction - where multiplicities and differences are privileged over sameness. ‘Touch’ is given primacy in the formation of a dialogue that does not appropriate but instead evokes the sharing of a desire in the two-ness of the world.
Educational Policy in the Post-racial Era: Federal Influence on Local Educational Policy in Hawaii
Authors: Tanabe Clifton S.
Published: December 2020

On March 27, 2008, Newsweek ran an article titled, “Obama’s Postracial Test: How will the Democratic Candidate Deal with Potentially Divisive Ballot Initiatives Calling for an End to Affirmative Action?” And, the August 6, 2008 issue of the New York Times Magazine featured an article titled, “Is Obama the End of Black Politics?” Since then, writers from the right and left have raised and challenged the idea that the election of Barack Obama somehow signals a new, post-racial era and presidency. But what does this mean for Hawaii? With its unique racial diversity and its connection to Obama, might Hawaii somehow represent the first post-racial state? And, does this mean anything for the way education is run in that state? In addressing these questions, this paper looks carefully at the Obama Administration’s recent education initiative called the Race to the Top Fund and examines its implications for education in Hawaii.
Editorial
Authors: Forrest Michelle
Published: December 2020

This special issue of Paideusis contains refereed papers from the Conference on Open-mindedness and the Virtues in Education held in honour of William Hare at Mount Saint Vincent University, October 2-4, 2008, on the occasion of Dr. Hare’s retirement from full-time teaching.
Virtue, Objectivity, and the Character of the Education Researcher
Authors: Burns David P. , Piquette Colin L. , Norris Stephen P.
Published: December 2020

In his 1993 book, Hare asks “What Makes a Good Teacher?” In this paper we ask, “What makes a good education researcher?” We begin our discussion with Richard Rudner's classic 1953 essay, The Scientist Qua Scientist Makes Value Judgments, which confronted science with the internal subjectivity it had long ignored. Rudner's bold claim that scientists do make value judgments as scientists called attention to the very foundations of scientific conduct. In an era of institutional research ethics, like the Tri-Council’s ethics policy, Rudner's call for an approach to these value judgments is even more relevant. The contemporary education researcher primarily engages with ethics procedurally, which provides a certain level of consistency and objectivity. This approach has its roots in principle-based theories of ethics that have long been dominant in Western universities. We argue that calls, like Rudner's, for an objective science of ethics, are at the root of this dominant institutional approach. This paper critiques the suitability of such principle-based ethics for solving Rudner's concerns, and posits that educational research ethics is better understood as a matter of character and virtue. We argue that, much like the ethical teacher, the ethical education researcher is a certain kind of person.
A New Glass Bead Game: Redesigning the Academy
Authors: Nelson Don
Published: December 2020

The academy has gained a reputation as a place of authoritative statements, truth, and insight as a result of its long history. Yet during that history its authority to make definitive statements has been built on different foundations—now overlapped and layered. Each source of authority has buried, overlaid, or sometimes supplanted the previous one while the institution has carried on. Is this historical value still solid or is it threatened by the conditions we find ourselves in today? As members of the academy, perhaps we need to ask ourselves about the foundations on which we build and the functions that the Academy may yet serve in society. Using thoughts inspired by Herman Hess’s Magister Ludi, this paper explores those questions.
Interests and Purposes in Conceptions of Autonomy
Authors: Nickel Jodi Lee
Published: December 2020

This article examines conceptions of autonomy outlined by Dearden, Callan, Dewey and Kerr and distinguishes between five conceptions, namely, belief autonomy, action autonomy, interest autonomy, purpose autonomy and social autonomy. While Kerr criticizes conceptions of autonomy which are not explicitly moral, this article argues that the emphasis in some philosophical literature has simply emphasized self-regarding virtues more than other-regarding virtues. Purpose autonomy is considered a rich conception of autonomy because it not only builds upon children’s interests but provides the initiative and continuity to sustain interest even in challenging circumstances.
A Pragmatic Utopia? Utopianisms and Anti-utopianisms in the Critique of Educational Discourse
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: December 2020

This paper seeks to address what I claim are competing utopian and anti-utopian impulses within educational discourse aimed at formulating a just and fair conception of public education. On the one hand, there is a tendency to prescribe concrete utopias – normative blueprints that claim to portent how a redeemed public education will (and ought to) be. On the other hand, there is the tendency to prescribe material revolutions – strategic blueprints that dictate the kinds of political action that educators must undertake in order to bring about lasting social change. I argue that both of these approaches to formulating a just conception of public education are flawed for pragmatic as well as normative reasons. As a way of avoiding the pitfalls inherent to utopianism and anti-utopianism, I suggest that those of us interested in a just conception of education maintain our focus on a kind of pragmatic utopianism. While pragmatic utopianism requires that we abandon the notion that we can ever know what a redeemed public education will look like in its particulars, it does set out standards of deliberation that can increase the likelihood that we will be able to address issues of educational justice as they arise.
Nussbaum’s Concept of Cosmopolitanism: Practical Possibility or Academic Delusion?
Authors: Naseem M. Ayaz , Hyslop-Margison Emery James
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we explore Martha Nussbaum’s version of cosmopolitanism and evaluate its potential to reduce the growing global discord we currently confront. We begin the paper by elucidating the concept of cosmopolitanism in historical and contemporary terms, and then review some of the major criticisms of Nussbaum’s position. Finally, we suggest that Nussbaum’s vision of cosmopolitanism, in spite of its morally noble intentions, faces overwhelming philosophical and practical difficulties that undermine its ultimate tenability as an approach to resolving international conflict.
Of the Trivial and the Radical: Is There a Coherent Constructivist Pedagogy?
Authors: Cato Dennis
Published: December 2020

Where a pedagogy is to be understood not simply in its weak sense as a range of classroom techniques but rather in its strong sense as embodying some conception of the ends of education such techniques subserve, coherence derives from the theoretical basis to which that pedagogy appeals. Where, however, such a theoretical basis is indistinguishable from that it purports to supplant or where it is inherently self-contradictory, the resulting pedagogy is incoherent. It is maintained here that “trivial constructivism” fails in the first respect and “radical constructivism” in the second and that any pedagogies based upon them are therefore incoherent.
Post-modernism and Post-compulsory Education
Authors: Halliday John
Published: December 2020

This paper examines and elaborates upon the work of two writers, Usher and Edwards who have explored the significance of post-modernism for those involved in the post-compulsory sector of education. They argue that postmodernism signals an increasing interest in this sector of education and a major challenge to the idea of compulsory schooling. In this paper it is argued that postmodernism challenges the very distinction between compulsory and postcompulsory education. It problematises and disturbs a number of entrenched assumptions about education, teaching and learning in interesting ways. The paper concludes with an outline of what formal education might become as a result of such problematisation and disturbance.
“It’s about Complete Incorporation”: An Interview with Barbara Hannigan
Authors: Bernstein Tamara
Published: December 2020

In a conversation with Tamara Bernstein, Canadian soprano Barbara Hannigan discusses topics related to her musical formation and early career, significant professional relationships, and the professional voice.

Hannigan describes her early decision to specialize in contemporary music as a moment of quasi-religious vocation; she recounts the artistic processes of composers George Benjamin and Hans Abrahamsen when they were writing opera roles for her, and reflects on the influence of some of her colleagues and mentors, including the late Reinbert de Leeuw and three stage directors. She elaborates on the transformative experience of performing the title character of Alban Berg’sLulu; addresses the persistent prejudice against singers who specialize in contemporary music; and comments on approaches to vibrato in both contemporary and “early” music. Her observations on the implications of ageing for an elite singer speak to the intimate physical connection of an artist to her voice, and confirm Hannigan’s fundamental commitment to singing as “complete incorporation.”
Pluralismo religioso e estudo crítico da bíblia: Desafios à missão, ao diálogo inter-religioso e às teologias cristãs africanas
Authors: Dietrich Luiz José , Almeida Nadi Maria de , Dunne Victor , Silva Roseane Almeida da , Marques Maria Antônia
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda desafios, características e avanços da missão e do diálogo interreligioso,a partir de uma teologia pluralista e dos estudos bíblicos, sobre o processo deinstituição do monoteísmo em Israel e no Cristianismo. Partindo de reflexões de teólogosque defendem o paradigma do pluralismo religioso como meio relevante de atuação ecredibilidade dos discursos teológicos no mundo atual, apresenta características, progressose limites das concepções oficiais, presentes nos documentos magisteriais do Vaticano II ederivadas dele. Aponta peculiaridades, avanços e barreiras das teologias cristãs africanas emdiálogo com as várias religiões presentes na África, mais especialmente com as ReligiõesTradicionais Africanas, comparadas a uma perspectiva pluralista. Nas reflexões teológicas háprogressos, mas ainda falta um longo caminho a percorrer para chegar a uma atitudeconcreta de ações que refletem o pluralismo religioso. O caminho do diálogo inter-religioso eda visão pluralista é imprescindível, caso se queira tornar o discurso teológico relevante nomundo atual. Nesse sentido, nossa proposta é aumentar o diálogo entre teólogos e biblistase, a partir disso, ousar mais, revendo e relendo, a partir dos estudos críticos da Bíblia à luzda arqueologia recente, o processo de constituição das teologias dentro da Bíblia e tambémdas doutrinas, teologias e dogmas no período pós bíblico e ao longo da cristandade. Umamaior aproximação entre Teologia e Bíblia, nesse momento, pode contribuir para queconsigamos ver a Bíblia, nossos dogmas e doutrinas, com sua real relatividade e nostornemos mais humildes na relação com outras religiões e culturas. Assim, nosreaproximaremos de Jesus de Nazaré, que testemunhou sobre o Mistério Maior, ensinando abuscá-lo, encontrá-lo e a experimentá-lo em todas as conjugações e em todas as potênciasdo verbo amar, fazendo-o crescer em todas as culturas e em todas as religiões, a começarpela nossa.
Religião débil da caridade: O cristianismo não religioso em debate
Authors: Lopes Gonçalves Paulo Sérgio
Published: December 2020

O nosso objetivo neste artigo é analisar o cristianismo não religioso como uma religião débil, centrada na caridade, comprometida com a solidariedade e com o sonho de que os povos vivam a fraternidade, a justiça e a paz. Justifica este objetivo, a formulação desse cristianismo feita pelo italiano Gianni Vattimo, em que predomina a concentração na caridade articulada com a kenosis do Verbo, para apresentar um cristianismo encarnado na história humana. Além disso, esse filósofo levou a sua tese para o debate, em momentos diversos, com Richard Rorty, René Girard e John Caputo, favorecendo que a sua proposta se torne ainda mais densa por possibilitar pensar o cristianismo como religião débil da caridade. Para atingir esse objetivo, apresentar-se-á o cristianismo não religioso vattiminiano, seguindo algumas obras do autor; expor-se-á o debate junto aos pensadores supracitados de modo a suscitar três questões inferidas do próprio debate, evitando construir uma discussão meramente historiográfica. No entanto, buscar-se-á a construção de uma análise histórica, filosófica e teológica para mostrar a debilidade do cristianismo ao se concentrar na caridade, no seu caráter emancipador e na força de promover a fraternidade, a solidariedade e a paz.
Possible future options in the Russian modern cinematography
Authors: Zheltikova Inga Vladislavovna
Published: December 2020

The subject of this research is ten Russian science-fiction films released over the period from 2013 to 2020. The goal of this article consists in examination of scenarios of seeing the future presented in the Russian modern cinematography. An overview of approaches towards studying visual images is provided, based on which the author offers a new strategy for studying film images of the future that demarcates three groups of elements in the film – cognitive, visual, and emotional-modal, and four thematic components that correspond to the spheres of social life. As a result of implementation of the aforementioned method, the author determines four underlying themes in cinematographic representation of the future – space, armed conflicts, entertainment industry and drastic changes of human personality. It is established that the visual representation of the future is resembled in the four groups of images – universal images, images of the present, images of the past, and images unfamiliar to the audience that imply something unprecedented that makes the future attractive. It is acknowledged that in most films the future is presented as unfair, wrong, which causes moral discord. It is not the world we would like to live in. Most of the Russian films are dedicated to the local future for approximately 50 years from now. This approach engages the audience in the events, and conveys an pessimistic spirit about tomorrow, which is traced not only in the plot, but also in visual imagery of most films. Holistic mages of the future, functioning in a certain culture, can be determined based on the comparison of various sources, where cinematography is just one of such sources. Therefore, the conclusions on perception of the future by our contemporaries should not be made based on this alone. However, films are a valuable source of information on visualization of the future and transmission of general moods associated with it.
GLANSDORFF-PRIGOGINE CRITERION AND THEOREM OF MINIMUM ENTROPY PRODUCTION
Authors: CHEN SHI-GANG
Published: December 2020

Initiated from Graham's and Landauer's criticism, we discuss the problem of applicable range and practical value of the Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion and of the theorem of minimum entropy production in this paper. We point out that the Glansd-orff-Prigogine criterion as a thermodynamic theory is rigorous, but in the practical problem of many variables, it has no applicable value. And, the applicable range of the theorem of minimum entropy production is much smaller than that of other theorem's in the linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics, therefore, to use it as a principle is not adequate. But landauer's criticism about the theorem of minimum entropy production is wrong.
ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE PREIONIZATION EXPERIMENTS ON CT-6B TOKAMAK
Authors:   中国科学院电子学研究所四室
Published: December 2020

Injecting a high power microwave into the CT-6B tokamak plasma, we performed the experiments on the pre-ionization of the tokamak discharge at the fundamental and the second harmonic resonance of the electron cyclotron wave. The experiments verified that the microwave pre-ionization is very effective for the reduction of the loop voltage and the magnetic flux in the early stage and suppression of the production of runaway electrons in the quasi-steady stage. The effect of the microwave pre-ionization with the fundamental cyclotron resonance is better than that with the second one.
Quality of urban parks in the perception of city residents with mobility difficulties
Authors: Błaszczyk Magdalena , Suchocka Marzena , Wojnowska-Heciak Magdalena , Muszyńska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Urban parks should be inclusive for all. Availability and accessibility of urban parks determine the quality of life in cities. The importance of access increases for residents with limited mobility who, facing obstacles due to inadequate adjustment of the surrounding physical space, are exposed to social exclusion. Five groups of respondents completed a survey questionnaire revealing their attitudes towards green areas and indicating barriers to parks’ accessibility. The groups were designed to include blind and vision impaired people, those who use a wheelchair, have a physical disability of any kind, their carers/assistants and parents pushing strollers. The results revealed more similarities than differences among the five groups (the differences included preferences towards the neighbourhood and destination parks, physical barriers in parks, as well as using assistive technology devices and mobile assistive applications). Overall, city residents with mobility difficulties find those green public spaces as an important element of their life quality.
Comparative phosphoproteome analysis to identify candidate phosphoproteins involved in blue light-induced brown film formation inLentinula edodes
Authors: Song Tingting , Shen Yingyue , Jin Qunli , Feng Weilin , Fan Lijun , Cai Weiming
Published: December 2020

Light plays an important role in the growth and differentiation ofLentinula edodesmycelia, and mycelial morphology is influenced by light wavelengths. The blue light-induced formation of brown film on the vegetative mycelial tissues ofL. edodesis an important process. However, the mechanisms ofL. edodes’ brown film formation, as induced by blue light, are still unclear. Using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry integrated with a highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody method, phosphoproteomes ofL. edodesmycelia under red- and blue-light conditions were analyzed. A total of 11,224 phosphorylation sites were identified on 2,786 proteins, of which 9,243 sites on 2,579 proteins contained quantitative information. In total, 475 sites were up-regulated and 349 sites were down-regulated in the blue vs red group. To characterize the differentially phosphorylated proteins, systematic bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology annotations, domain annotations, subcellular localizations, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotations, were performed. These differentially phosphorylated proteins were correlated with light signal transduction, cell wall degradation, and melanogenesis, suggesting that these processes are involved in the formation of the brown film. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the blue light-induced brown film formation at the post-translational modification level.
In vitro Screening of Iron Efficient Groundnut Cultivars for Calcareous Soil
Authors: Kalyan V. S. Reddy Kiran , Meena S. , Jawahar D. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: December 2020

Aims: In the present study twenty groundnut genotypes are evaluated for their resistance to IDC and to identify feasible indicators for screening iron (Fe) efficient groundnut genotypes in calcareous soils based on the morphophysiological parameters at 45 days after sowing (DAS).

Study Design: The experiment was replicated three times with two iron treatments (+Fe and – Fe) in a randomized block design

Place and Duration of Study: Field screening of genotypes was carried during Kharif 2019 at Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore district (10°59’31.9” N 76°47’15.4 E), Tamil Nadu, India.

Methodology: The randomized field experiment was comprised of two major factors, i) Fe status (with Fe, without Fe), and ii) genotypes (twenty) with differential IDC response. Seven morpho-physiological parameters associated with IDC resistance were evaluated in groundnut genotypes.

Results: Under Fe deficit conditions, IDC efficient genotypes recorded significantly higher shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root volume, SPAD values, active Fe, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, and higher yield compared to susceptible ones because of better Fe utilization efficiency. The various morpho-physiological parameters studied showed a significant correlation with pod yield. The four genotypes viz., TAG 24, CO 7, VRI 8, and VRI-16086 were efficient under both sufficient and deficit conditions under calcareousness. The stepwise multiple regression shows the peroxidase (POD) accounts for 71 % under +Fe condition and SPAD accounted for 66 percent in -Fe in predicting the pod yield. Hence, POD and SPAD can be used as indicators for selecting Fe efficient groundnut cultivars for calcareous soil.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that SPAD values are most optimal for the initial large-scale screening of groundnut genotypes for tolerance to IDC, whereas peroxidase may be used to validate established genotypes.
Determination de la structure d'un heptasaccharide isole du lait de femme: Le lacto‐N‐fucoheptaose
Authors: Grimmonprez Louis , Delautre Michel , Bouquelet Stéphane , Montreuil Jean
Published: July 2002

A new heptasaccharide, lacto‐N‐fucoheptaose has been isolated from human milk. It contains D(+)‐galactose, D(+)‐glucose, L(−)‐fucose and N−acetyl−D−(+)−glucosamine in a 3 : 1 : 1 : 2 ratio. The glucose residue is at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide. Data obtained by partial acid hydrolysis, permethylation and enzymic hydrolysis establish the structure of lacto‐N‐fucoheptaose as follows
Atypical human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: the β2‐Bern subunit has an amino acid exchange that is identical to the one in the β2‐Oriental chain
Authors: Bühler Rolf , Hempel John , von Wartburg Jean-Pierre , Jörnvall Hans
Published: July 2002

Alcohol dehydrogenase
Human liver isoenzyme
Primary structure
Mutation
Direct activation of purified protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids (oleate and arachidonate) in the absence of phospholipids and Ca2+
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Routtenberg Aryeh
Published: July 2002

Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and arachidonic acid) activate purified protein kinase C independently of phospholipid and Ca2+. Oleic acid activation of protein kinase C is as effective as phosphatidylserine and Ca2+. K
a, values for oleic acid and arachidonic acid are 50 and 53 μM, respectively. In contrast to the cis fatty acids, a trans form (elaidic acid) or a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) has little or no effect on protein kinase C activation. If cis fatty acid liberation is physiologically important, this suggests that another mechanism may exist for protein kinase C activation, in addition to phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol turnover signaling, possibly via the liberation of cis fatty acids by the Ca2+‐dependent phospholipase A2 system.
The excess GTP hydrolyzed during mistranslation is expended at the stage of EF‐Tu‐promoted binding of non‐cognate aminoacyl‐tRNA
Authors: Kakhniashvili D.G. , Smailov S.K. , Gavrilova L.P.
Published: July 2002

The system of translation of Sepharose‐bound poly(U) in which all ribosomes are active in peptide elongation was used to determine the stoichiometry of GTP hydrolysis at the stage of EF‐Tu‐promoted aminoacyl‐tRNA binding. The ratio of GTP hydrolyzed at this stage per peptide bond was assayed during codonspecific elongation (polyphenylalanine synthesis) and misreading (polyleucine sythesis). It was demonstrated directly that the excess GTP hydrolyzed during misreading [(1984) FEBS Letters 178, 283‐287] is expended at the stage of Ef‐Tu‐promoted binding of non‐cognate aminoacyl‐tRNA.
Interpretation of the nitrogen spin densities in the primary donor cation of photosynthetic reaction centers
Authors: Lin Charles P. , Norris J.R.
Published: July 2002

Electron spin echo modulation investigation of the primary donor cation radical (P865.+) of photosynthetic reaction centers yields a different set of anisotropic 15N hyperfine coupling constants from the values previously reported by ENDOR measurements [(1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 7792‐7796]. The spin densities on the nitrogens, as reflected by our anisotropic coupling constants, support the special pair model for the primary donor cation, whereas spin densities based on anisotropic 15N hyperfine coupling constants of ENDOR are incompatible with either a monomer or a dimer model.
Competition between tetracycline and tRNA at both P and A sites of the ribosome of Escherichia coli
Authors: Epe Bernd , Woolley Paul , Hornig Horst
Published: July 2002

Fluorescence anisotropy studies performed on 6‐demethylchlortetracycline, binding to the ribosome of E. coli in competition with tRNA at the P site or at both P and A sites, have provided a quantitative assessment in situ of the interaction of this antibiotic with the A site and have demonstrated that there is also an interaction between tetracycline and the P site.
Antithrombin action of phosvitin and other phosphate‐containing polyanions is mediated by heparin cofactor II
Authors: Church Frank C. , Pratt Charlotte W. , Treanor Rita E. , Whinna Herbert C.
Published: July 2002

We have examined the antithrombin effects of various phosphate‐containing polyanions (including linear polyphosphates, polynucleotides and the phosphoserine glycoprotein, phosvitin) on the glycosaminoglycan‐binding plasma proteinase inhibitors, antithrombin III (ATIII) and heparin cofactor II (HCII). These phosphate‐containing polyanions accelerate the HCII‐thrombin reaction, as much as 1600‐fold in the case of phosvitin. The HCII‐thrombin reaction with both phosvitin and polynucleotides appears to follow the ternary complex mechanism. The HCII‐thrombin complex is rapidly formed in the presence of these phosphate polyanions (each at 10 μg/ml) when 125I‐labeled thrombin is incubated with human plasma (ex vivo). None of these phosphate polyanions accelerate the ATIII‐thrombin reaction. Our results suggest that the antithrombotic effect of these phosphate‐containing polyanions is mediated by HCII activation and not by ATIII.
Sulphate is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of nucleotide to myosin A comparison with phosphate
Authors: Tesi Chiara , Barman Thomas , Travers Franck
Published: July 2002

By the use of rapid reaction methods (rapid flow quench and stopped flow) it has been shown that sulphate is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of ε‐ATP and ATP to myosin. At low ionic strengths, the K
i was in the micromolar range. Under several conditions used sulphate was more effective than phosphate. Neither anion was very effective in inhibiting the binding of ε‐ATP to actomyosin.
Topography and stoichiometry of acidic phosphoproteins in rat liver 60 S ribosomal subunit
Authors: Lavergne Jean-Pierre , Marzouki Abdelkader , Reboud Jean-Paul , Reboud Anne-Marie
Published: July 2002

In reconstitution experiments of active 60 S subunits from inactive core particles obtained by using dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMMA), we observed that the phosphoproteins P1–P2 were extracted from the subunit by DMMA as a complex with other proteins. This complex was separated by electrophoresis and zonal centrifugation and shown, after 125I iodination of its components, to contain L22 and S12 in addition to P1–P2. Results suggest that it contains two copies of P1–P2 for one of L22 and S12.
Enzymatic sequence‐specific spin labeling of a DNA fragment containing the recognition sequence of EcoRI endonuclease
Authors: Bobst A.M. , Pauly G.T. , Keyes R.S. , Bobst E.V.
Published: July 2002

Deoxyuridine analogs spin labeled in position 5 have been enzymatically incorporated sequence specifically into an oligodeoxyribonucleotide to form a spin‐labeled 26‐mer. The 26‐mer contains the EcoRI‐binding site and two labels which are located symmetrically close to the binding site. The labels are separated from one another far beyond the Heisenberg spin‐exchange distance. The local base motion as determined by ESR spectroscopy is of the order of 4 ns in the oligonucleotide duplex. This is the same value as reported earlier for local T motions in polynucleotide duplexes, thereby providing direct experimental evidence that the ESR line shape of spin levels covalently attached to nucleic acids depends primarily on the local dynamics of the nucleic acid building blocks.
P2‐purinoceptor‐stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in chick myotubes calcium mobilization and the role of guanyl nucleotide‐binding proteins
Authors: Häggblad Johan , Heilbronn Edith
Published: July 2002

ATP, a trigger of P2‐purinoceptor‐mediated polyphosphoinositide (PI) turnover in cultured myotubes, increased cytosolic calcium levels in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner (quin2 fluorescence). The calcium was released from intracellular stores, as acute addition of 5 mM EGTA was without significant effect. Adenosine 5′‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) and 5′‐adenylyl imidodiphosphate also increased intracellular levels of inositol phosphates (InsP) and cytosolic calcium levels. Treatment with cholera or pertussis toxin of myotube cultures did not affect the P2‐purinoceptor‐mediated InsP increase although PI turnover in permeabilized myotubes was stimulated by guanosine 5′‐(3‐thiotriphosphate). The results suggest that myotube P2‐purinoceptors trigger PI turnover and increase intracellular free calcium levels, via a mechanism insensitive to ADP‐ribosylation, by cholera or pertussis toxin of guanyl nucleotide‐binding (G) proteins. However, the presence of a phospholipase C‐coupled G‐protein was otherwise demonstrated.
Unspecific DNA binding of the DNA binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor studied with flow linear dichroism
Authors: Hagmar Per , Dahlman Karin , Takahashi Masayuki , Carlstedt-Duke Jan , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Nordén Bengt
Published: July 2002

The unspecific interaction between the DNA‐binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor and DNA was studied using linear dichroism (LD) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The amplitude of the LD signal was found to increase upon addition of protein at ionic strengths less than 60 nM Na+ indicating an increased persistence length of the complex compared to uncomplexed DNA. Analysis of the LD spectrum suggests that the binding does not involve intercalation of tyrosine residues. Evidence of saturation is found at a binding stoichiometry of approximately 5 DNA base pairs per protein monomer.
Detection of covalent enzyme‐substrate complexes of nitrilase by ion‐spray mass spectroscopy
Authors: Stevenson David E. , Feng Rong , Storer Andrew C.
Published: July 2002

Nitrilase from Rhodococcus ATCC 39484 was found to consist of two species of M
r 40 258 ±2 and 40 388 ±2 Da. When the enzyme was incubated with nitrile substrates and the reaction quenched with acid, higher M
r, species were observed. The mass differences were consistent with addition of a substrate molecule to each species. These results represent the first reported demonstration that this, or any other nitrilase forms a covalent intermediate with its substrates. The observation that the intermediate, suggested to be either a thioimidate or an acylenzyme, can be trapped by acidification indicates that the rate of breakdown of the intermediate is rate‐limiting.
Retinoic acid induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells show increased expression of the βA4 amyloid gene of Alzheimer's disease and an altered splicing pattern
Authors: König Gerhard , Masters Colin L. , Beyreuther Konrad
Published: July 2002

Retinoic add (RA) induced differentiation of SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is associated with more than a tenfold induction of total Alzheimer's disease βA4 amyloid protein precursor (APP) mRNA as analyzed by Northern blot hybridisation. Sl nuelease protection experiments reveal that the splicing pattern of these differentiated cells is altered in favor of APP695 mRNA, coding for the shortest amyloidogenic βA4 amyloid precursor protein. Induction of differentiation of SH‐SY5Y cells with NGF leads to a fivefold increase of total APP mRNA without change in the splicing pattern. This suggests that RA but not NGF induces factor(s) which are responsible for an APP hnRNA splicing favoring APP695 mRNA.
The C‐terminal binding domain of hirullin P18
Authors: Krstenansky John L. , Owen Thomas J. , Yates Mark T. , Mao Simon J.T.
Published: July 2002

Hirullin P18 is a 61‐amino acid hirudin‐related protein having potent antithrombin activity. Similar to hirudin, it contains a highly acidic C‐terminus, but has a significantly different sequence from any other known hirudin variant. The present study demonstrates that the C‐terminal fragment acetyl‐hirullin P1840–61 possesses an antithrombin potency similar to that of acetyl‐desulfatohirudin45–65. Additionally, like the hirudin fragment analog, it inhibits fibrin‐clot formation by binding to a non‐catalytic site on thrombin. Sequential shortening of the hirullin P18 C‐terminal fragment demonstrates the critical nature of Phe51, which corresponds to the important Phe56 residue of hirudin. Although the sequences of hirullin P1854–61 and hirudin59–65 have substantial differences, the C‐terminal functional domain represented by hirullin P1850–61 appears to be comparable to hirudin55–65 in terms of its functional role in antithrombin activity.
The oxygenation of cholesterol esters by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase
Authors: Belkner Jutta , Wiesner Rainer , Kühn Hartmut , Lankin Vadim Z.
Published: July 2002

The arachidonate 15‐lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes oxygenates cholesterol esters containing polyenoic fatty acids. Cholesterol esterified with saturated fatty acids is not oxygenated. The structures of the oxygenation products formed from various cholesterol esters have been identified by high pressure liquid chromatography, UV‐spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Oxygenated cholesterol esters have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques of human aortas.