bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wastewater Influent Microbial Immigration and Contribution to Resource Consumption in Activated Sludge Using Taxon-Specific Mass-Flow Immigration Model
Authors: Guo Bing , Liu Chenxiao , Gibson Claire , Klai Nouha , Lin Xuan , Frigon Dominic
Published: August 2022

Wastewater influent microorganisms are part of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and affect the activated sludge (AS) microbial community. Precise modeling of AS processes requires accurate quantification of influent microorganisms, which is missing in many AS models (ASMs). In this study, influent microorganisms in COD unit were determined using a fast quantification method based on DNA yield and was compared with conventional respirometry method. The actively growing influent microorganisms were identified. A mass-flow immigration model was developed to quantify the influent-to-AS immigration efficiency (mi) of specific taxon i using mass balance and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. The modelled average m was 0.121-0.257 in site 1 (LaPrairie), and 0.050-0.126 in site 2 (Pincourt), which were corrected to 0.111-0.186 and 0.048-0.109 respectively using a constrain of mi ≤ 1. The model was further developed to calculate contributions to organic substrate consumption by specific taxa. Those genera with zero or negative net growth rates were not completely immigration dependent (mi < 1) and contributed to 2.4% - 5.4% of the substrate consumption. These results suggest that influent microbiome may be important contributors to AS microbiome assembly and system performance (substrate consumption), which may help to improve future AS process modelling and design.

Synopsis

Influent microbial immigration lacks detailed taxon-specific quantification. This study presents quantitative methods and models for influent biomass, mass-flow immigration model, and resource consumption in activated sludge.

Graphic Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies regulators of differentiation and nutritional cues in Drosophila female germ cells
Authors: Sun Zhipeng , Nystul Todd G. , Zhong Guohua
Published: August 2022

Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) are powerful model for stem cell research. However, due to the scarcity of GSCs in ovarian tissue, it is difficult to obtain the transcriptional profile of GSCs and identify novel GSC markers. In this study, we took advantage of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the germline cells and somatic cells in wild type Drosophila ovary. We then performed an in vivo RNAi screen and network analysis to identify genes that are involved in the early stages of germ cell differentiation. We identified 33 genes with limited expression during early germ cell development and identified 19 genes that potentially regulate germ cell differentiation. Among these, an uncharacterized gene, which we named eggplant (eggpl), is highly expressed in GSC and downregulated in early daughter cells. Upon RNAi knockdown of eggpl, we observed an increase in germ cell proliferation, an accumulation of cysts in the early mitotic (2- and 4-cell) stages and an increase in overall ovary size compared to control when flies were maintained on a standard diet. In flies fed a rich yeast diet, the expression of eggpl was significantly lower and the effects of eggpl RNAi were suppressed, suggesting that downregulation of eggpl may link nutritional status to germ cell proliferation and differentiation. We also found that the matrix metalloproteases, Mmp1 and Mmp2 as well as the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (Timp) are additional regulators of eggpl. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the signaling networks that regulate early germ cell development and identifies eggpl as a key player in this process.
A general method for directly phasing diffraction data from high-solvent-content protein crystals
Authors: Kingston Richard Lawrence , Millane Rick P.
Published: August 2022

A procedure is described for direct phase determination in protein crystallography, applicable to crystals with high solvent content. The procedure requires only the diffraction data and an estimate of the solvent content as input. Direct phase determination is treated as a constraint satisfaction problem, in which an image is sought that is consistent with both the diffraction data and generic constraints on the density distribution in the crystal. The problem is solved using an iterative projection algorithm, the Difference Map algorithm, which has good global convergence properties, and can locate the correct solution without any initial phase information. Computational efficiency is improved by breaking the problem down into two stages; initial approximation of the molecular envelope at low resolution, followed by subsequent phase determination using all of the data. The molecular envelope is continually updated during the phase determination step. At both stages, the algorithm is initiated with many different and random phase sets, which are evolved subject to the constraints. A clustering procedure is used to identify consistent results across multiple runs, which are then averaged to generate consensus envelopes or phase sets. The emergence of highly consistent phase sets is diagnostic of success. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated by application to 42 known structures of solvent fraction 0.60–0.85. The procedure works robustly at intermediate resolutions (1.9–3.5 Å) but is strongly dependent on crystal solvent content, only working routinely with solvent fractions greater than 0.70.
On the hidden diversity and niche specialization of the microbial realm of subterranean estuaries
Authors: Calvo‐Martin Elisa , Teira Eva , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón , Rocha Carlos , Jiang Shan , Justel‐Díez Maider , Ibánhez Juan Severino Pino
Published: August 2022

Subterranean estuaries (STEs) modulate the chemical composition of continental groundwater before it reaches the coast, but their microbial community is poorly known. Here, we explored the microbial ecology of two neighbouring, yet contrasting STEs (Panxón and Ladeira STEs; Ría de Vigo, NW Iberian Peninsula). We investigated microbial composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), abundance, heterotrophic production and their geochemical drivers. A total of 10,150 OTUs and 59 phyla were retrieved from porewater sampled during four surveys covering each STE seepage face. In both STEs, we find a very diverse microbial community composed by abundant cosmopolitans and locally restricted rare taxa. Porewater oxygen and dissolved organic matter are the main environmental predictors of microbial community composition. More importantly, the high variety of benthic microbiota links to biogeochemical processes of different elements in STEs. The oxygen‐rich Panxón beach showed strong associations of the ammonium oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilales with the heterotrophic community, thus acting as a net source of nitrogen to the coast. On the other hand, the prevailing anoxic conditions of Ladeira beach promoted the dominance of anaerobic heterotrophs related to the degradation of complex and aromatic compounds, such as Dehalococcoidia and Desulfatiglans, and the co‐occurrence of methane oxidizers and methanogens.
Yes We Cannibal Panel Discussion: Reading, Unearthing, and Eating Anthropocentrism with Cesar & Lois
Authors: Keel Mat , Lessner Liz
Published: August 2022

This panel discussion took place on June 26, 2021, as part of the programming for an exhibition by critical art collaborative Cesar & Lois at experimental art and research project space Yes We Cannibal (Baton Rouge, LA). The exhibition was entitled Eat the Anthropocene with Cesar & Lois, mycelia and friend entities and ran for six weeks. The panel discussion collected scholars from art, anthropology, literature, landscape architecture, and amateur Mycology to elucidate themes relevant to the artwork, which features a variety of experimental collaborations between codices and fungal life.
Overnight joint replacement surgery: a pilot Australian study
Authors: Qurashi Sol , Chinnappa Jason , Aktas Sam , Dabboussi Abdul Majid , Rahman Md Bayzidur
Published: August 2022

Background

With a stretched healthcare system and elective surgery backlog, measures to improve efficiency and decrease costs associated with surgical procedures need to be prioritized. This study compares the benefits of multi‐disciplinary involvement in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol‐led overnight model following total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR).

Methods

Patients in each of two private hospitals undergoing THR or TKR were prospectively enrolled. One hospital (Overnight) was fully committed to the ERAS protocol implementation on all levels and formed the treatment group while in the other hospital (control), patients only had the anaesthetic and operative procedure as part of the ERAS protocol but did not follow the perioperative measures of the protocol. Outcomes on hospital length of stay (LOS), inpatient rehabilitation, functional outcomes, satisfaction, adverse events and readmission rates were investigated.

Results

Median LOS in the Overnight group was significantly smaller than in the control group (1 vs. 3 days, P < 0.0001). The Overnight group had lower rates of inpatient rehabilitation utilization (4% vs. 41.2%, P < 0.0001), similar improvements in functional hip and knee scores and no increased rate of adverse events or readmission. All patients in both groups were satisfied with their treatment.

Conclusion

Overnight THR and TKR can safely be performed in the majority of patients, with a multi‐disciplinary approach protocol and involvement of all perioperative stakeholders.
Use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists and subsequent risk of alcohol‐related events. A nationwide register‐based cohort and self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Wium‐Andersen Ida Kim , Wium‐Andersen Marie Kim , Fink‐Jensen Anders , Rungby Jørgen , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Osler Merete
Published: August 2022

Animal studies have related glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1) to lower alcohol intake. We examined whether GLP‐1 was associated with risk of alcohol‐related events in a nationwide cohort study and a self‐controlled case series analysis including all new users of GLP1 (n = 38 454) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4) (n = 49 222) in Denmark 2009–2017. They were followed for hospital contacts with alcohol use disorder or purchase of drugs for treatment of alcohol dependence in nationwide registers from 2009 to 2018. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazard and conditional Poisson regression. During follow‐up of median 4.1 years, 649 (0.7%) of participants were registered with an alcohol‐related event. Initiation of GLP‐1 treatment was associated with lower risk of an alcohol‐related event (Hazard ratio = 0.46 (95%CI: 0.24–0.86) compared with initiation of DPP4 during the first 3 months of follow‐up. Self‐controlled analysis showed the highest risk of alcohol‐related events in the 3‐month pretreatment period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.25 (1.00–1.58)), whereas the risk was lowest in the first 3‐month treatment period (IRR = 0.74 (0.56–0.97). In conclusion, compared with DPP4 users, individuals who start treatment with GLP‐1 had lower incidence of alcohol‐related events both in cohort and self‐controlled analyses. Thus, there might be a transient preventive effect of GLP1 on alcohol‐related events the first months after treatment initiation.
Short research article: COVID‐19 and its impact on child and youth mental health service demand in the community and emergency department
Authors: Tedja Amy M. , Shanmugam Meenakshi S. , Stathis Stephen , Middeldorp Christel M.
Published: August 2022

Background

To explore changes in child and youth mental health service (CYMHS) demand in Brisbane, Australia, following the COVID pandemic.

Methods

The number of monthly presentations and referrals to respectively the emergency department (ED) and community CYMHS were compared among 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Results

The study shows a marked increase in referrals to ED starting from July and in the community from May 2020. In the population referred to as community teams, the proportions of Indigenous children and those from lower socio‐economic areas decreased.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has aggravated the supply and demand disparity in CYMHS, with the largest effect on the most vulnerable families.
Pronounced antiseizure activity of the subtype‐selective GABAA positive allosteric modulator darigabat in a mouse model of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Gurrell Rachel , Iredale Philip , Evrard Alexis , Duveau Venceslas , Ruggiero Céline , Roucard Corinne
Published: August 2022

Aim

Darigabat is an α2/3/5 subunit‐selective positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors that has demonstrated broad‐spectrum activity in several preclinical models of epilepsy as well as in a clinical photoepilepsy trial. The objective here was to assess the acute antiseizure effect of darigabat in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) mouse model of drug‐resistant focal seizures.

Methods

The MTLE model is generated by single unilateral intrahippocampal injection of low dose (1 nmole) kainic acid in adult mice, and subsequent epileptiform activity is recorded following implantation of a bipolar electrode under general anesthesia. After a period of epileptogenesis (~4 weeks), spontaneous and recurrent hippocampal paroxysmal discharges (HPD; focal seizures) are recorded using intracerebral electroencephalography. The number and cumulated duration of HPDs were recorded following administration of vehicle (PO), darigabat (0.3–10 mg kg−1, PO), and positive control diazepam (2 mg kg−1, IP).

RESULTS

Darigabat dose‐dependently reduced the expression of HPDs, demonstrating comparable efficacy profile to diazepam at doses of 3 and 10 mg kg−1.

CONCLUSIONS

Darigabat exhibited a robust efficacy profile in the MTLE model, a preclinical model of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. A Phase II proof‐of‐concept placebo‐controlled, adjunctive‐therapy trial (NCT04244175) is ongoing to evaluate efficacy and safety of darigabat in patients with drug‐resistant focal seizures.
Management of treatment‐related sequelae following colorectal cancer
Authors: Haas Susanne , Mikkelsen Anette Højer , Kronborg Camilla Jensenius Skovhus , Oggesen Birthe T. , Møller Pia F. , Fassov Janne , Frederiksen Nina Abild , Krogsgaard Marianne , Graugaard‐Jensen Charlotte , Ventzel Lise , Christensen Peter , Emmertsen Katrine Jøssing
Published: August 2022

Aim

Colorectal cancer survivors are one of the most rapidly growing groups of patients living with and beyond cancer. In a national multidisciplinary setting, we have examined the extent of late treatment‐related sequelae in colorectal cancer survivors and present the scientific evidence for management of these conditions in this patient category with the aim of facilitating identification and treatment.

Method

A systematic search for existing guidelines and relevant studies was performed across 16 and 4 databases, respectively, from inception to 2021. This yielded 13 guidelines and 886 abstracts, of which 188 were included in the finalized guideline (231 included for full text review). Secondarily, bibliographies were cross‐referenced and 53 additional articles were included.

Results

Symptoms have been divided into overall categories including psychosocial, bowel‐related, urinary, sexual (male and female), pain/neuropathy and fatigue symptoms or complaints that are examined individually. Merging and grading of data resulted in 22 recommendations and 42 management strategies across categories. Recommendations are of a more general character, whereas management strategies provide more practical advice suited for initiation on site before referral to specialized units.

Conclusion

Treatment‐related sequelae in colorectal cancer survivors are common and attention needs to be focused on identifying patients with unmet treatment needs and the development of evidence‐based treatment algorithms.
Analysis of ceRNA networks during mechanical tension‐induced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Wang Wenfang , Li Ning , Wang Meijuan , Zhao Yunshan , Wu Hao , Shi Jingyi , Musa Mazen , Chen Xi
Published: August 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under mechanical tension remain unclear. This study aimed to identify a potential long non‐coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs)/circular RNAs (circRNAs)‐microRNAs (miRNAs)‐messenger RNAs (mRNAs) network in mechanical tension‐induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. PDLSCs were isolated from the healthy human periodontal ligament, identified, cultured, and exposed to tensile force. The expression of osteogenic markers was examined, and whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the expression patterns of lncRNA, circRNA, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Enrichment analyses were also performed. Candidate targets of differentially expressed non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were predicted, and potential competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed by Cytoscape. We found that the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was significantly enhanced under dynamic tension (magnitude: 12%, frequency: 0.7 Hz). Overall, 344 lncRNAs, 57 miRNAs, 41 circRNAs, and 70 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the tension group and the control group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in osteogenesis‐related and mechanical stress‐related biological processes and signal transduction pathways (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and Hippo signaling pathways). The lncRNA/circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks were depicted, and potential key ceRNA networks were identified. Our findings may help to further explore the underlying regulatory mechanism of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under mechanical tensile stress.
Predicting the effects of climate change on deep‐water coral distribution around New Zealand—Will there be suitable refuges for protection at the end of the 21st century?
Authors: Anderson Owen F. , Stephenson Fabrice , Behrens Erik , Rowden Ashley A.
Published: August 2022

Deep‐water corals are protected in the seas around New Zealand by legislation that prohibits intentional damage and removal, and by marine protected areas where bottom trawling is prohibited. However, these measures do not protect them from the impacts of a changing climate and ocean acidification. To enable adequate future protection from these threats we require knowledge of the present distribution of corals and the environmental conditions that determine their preferred habitat, as well as the likely future changes in these conditions, so that we can identify areas for potential refugia. In this study, we built habitat suitability models for 12 taxa of deep‐water corals using a comprehensive set of sample data and predicted present and future seafloor environmental conditions from an earth system model specifically tailored for the South Pacific. These models predicted that for most taxa there will be substantial shifts in the location of the most suitable habitat and decreases in the area of such habitat by the end of the 21st century, driven primarily by decreases in seafloor oxygen concentrations, shoaling of aragonite and calcite saturation horizons, and increases in nitrogen concentrations. The current network of protected areas in the region appear to provide little protection for most coral taxa, as there is little overlap with areas of highest habitat suitability, either in the present or the future. We recommend an urgent re‐examination of the spatial distribution of protected areas for deep‐water corals in the region, utilising spatial planning software that can balance protection requirements against value from fishing and mineral resources, take into account the current status of the coral habitats after decades of bottom trawling, and consider connectivity pathways for colonisation of corals into potential refugia.
Ageing, sexualities and place: Aligning the geographies of gerontology and sexualities
Authors: Gorman‐Murray Andrew , Sullivan Corrinne , Baganz Emilie
Published: August 2022

The spatial studies of both sexualities and gerontology have been established as subfields within the discipline of geography, but there are few studies that combine both strands of literature and examine old age and sexualities from a spatial perspective. Our aim is to highlight the contribution geographers can make to this research, which is based on the assertion that experiences of both ageing and sexualities are intrinsically linked to place. We first outline the subfields of sexualities and gerontology within geography and then review the work that has drawn on both of those literatures–within and beyond geography–with a focus on LGBTIQ+ older adults. We then propose a number of spatial enquiries into ageing and sexualities that will enable a better understanding of the spatial uses, needs and preferences of the older LGBTIQ+ population. The proposed areas of research include: generational changes and relations with gay communities, spaces and neighbourhoods; retirement migration; aged‐care facilities and services; ageing‐in‐place and in‐home care; lesbians, queer women and ageing; trans* ageing; Indigeneity; intersectionality; and digital spaces. We argue that advancing this research will contribute to the establishment of a queer geographical gerontology that enhances our understanding of older LGBTIQ+ adults and their lifeworlds.
Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x‐ray velocimetry
Authors: Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Fouras Andreas , Jacobs Colin , Papanikolaou Nickolas
Published: August 2022

In recent years, pulmonary imaging has seen enormous progress, with the introduction, validation and implementation of new hardware and software. There is a general trend from mere visual evaluation of radiological images to quantification of abnormalities and biomarkers, and assessment of ‘non visual’ markers that contribute to establishing diagnosis or prognosis. Important catalysts to these developments in thoracic imaging include new indications (like computed tomography [CT] lung cancer screening) and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review focuses on developments in CT, radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI) and x‐ray velocimetry for imaging of the lungs. Recent developments in CT include the potential for ultra‐low‐dose CT imaging for lung nodules, and the advent of a new generation of CT systems based on photon‐counting detector technology. Radiomics has demonstrated potential towards predictive and prognostic tasks particularly in lung cancer, previously not achievable by visual inspection by radiologists, exploiting high dimensional patterns (mostly texture related) on medical imaging data. Deep learning technology has revolutionized the field of AI and as a result, performance of AI algorithms is approaching human performance for an increasing number of specific tasks. X‐ray velocimetry integrates x‐ray (fluoroscopic) imaging with unique image processing to produce quantitative four dimensional measurement of lung tissue motion, and accurate calculations of lung ventilation.
The digital peregrine: A technonatural history of a cosmopolitan raptor
Authors: Searle Adam , Turnbull Jonathon , Adams William M.
Published: August 2022

Humans, non‐human animals, and technologies are increasingly entangled. Using the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) as an illustrative example, we propose ‘technonatural history’ as a theoretical and methodological approach for observing, describing, and examining the role technologies play in shaping human relations with other species. After nearing extinction in the 20th century, peregrines have become woven into the fabric of everyday urban life and are a frequently sighted urban raptor in the UK, nesting on high‐rise buildings and church spires since the late 1990s. Their unexpected presence in cities symbolises hope for multispecies conviviality amid the contemporary ecological crisis. As their populations resurged, crucially, webcam and livestreaming technologies developed rapidly. Peregrines were one of the first animals to be broadcast over the internet via ‘nestcams’, granting broad publics access to their intimate lives. We examine the related technological histories of livestreaming technologies and natural histories of peregrine falcons in the UK, tracing the emergence of ‘the digital peregrine’ and its manifold implications for more‐than‐human and digital geographies. To do so, we build on oral history interviews with people associated with digital peregrines throughout the UK: nestcam technicians, peregrine conservationists, professional ecologists, activists, and citizen scientists. While digitisation brings broad publics closer to these cosmopolitan raptors, they can only ever grasp at the wildness of peregrine falcons and their wider milieus as the digital peregrine is a distinct entity, encountered via its own set of affects and affordances. In the peregrine's case, digital technologies create unexpected and radical opportunities for urban conviviality, signalling the positive potentials technologies host for forging meaningful more‐than‐human connections.
Comparative analysis on metabolites and gene expression difference of various allelopathic potential rice under weed stress
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lin Shunxian , Zhang Qingxu , Wang Peng , Wang Haibin , He Haibin
Published: August 2022

In this study, allelopathic rice ‘PI312777’ (PI) and non‐allelopathic rice ‘Lemont’ (LE) were used to study gene expression related to secondary metabolism and relative metabolites in soil under field conditions with and without weeding. The results showed that the inhibition rates of PI and LE soils to barnyard grass were significantly increased under weed stress. The inhibition rate of phenolic acid extracts in PI rhizosphere soils was significantly higher (p < 0.05) without the weeding treatment than with the weeding treatment; however, it was not significantly different in LE rhizosphere soils. There were no significant differences in the inhibition rates of other soil extracts (terpenoids, alkaloids and fatty acids) of PI and LE in treatments with and without weeding. Under weed stress, six genes (PAL, C4H, F5H, COMT, CCR and CAD) related to phenolic acid metabolism were upregulated in the leaves and roots of PI, while only four of the six genes were upregulated and two genes were downregulated in LE. The genes related to terpenoid metabolism (seven genes), alkaloid metabolism (three genes) and fatty acid metabolism (two genes) were upregulated in the roots and leaves of PI and LE under weed stress, but the differences were not significant. These results suggest that the increase in phenolic acids in the presence of weeds under field conditions contributed the majority of the inhibition effect in rice allelopathy.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Can Bypass Impaired Epidermal Barriers upon
Ex Vivo
Infection of Skin from Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Authors: Möckel Maureen , De La Cruz Nydia C. , Rübsam Matthias , Wirtz Lisa , Tantcheva-Poor Iliana , Malter Wolfram , Zinser Max , Bieber Thomas , Knebel-Mörsdorf Dagmar
Published: August 2022

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can target skin to establish primary infection in the epithelium. While the human skin provides effective barriers against viral invasion under healthy conditions, a prominent example of successful invasion is the disseminated HSV-1 infection in the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients.
Transcriptomics and Phenotyping Define Genetic Signatures Associated with Echinocandin Resistance in Candida auris
Authors: Jenull Sabrina , Shivarathri Raju , Tsymala Irina , Penninger Philipp , Trinh Phan-Canh , Nogueira Filomena , Chauhan Manju , Singh Ashutosh , Petryshyn Andriy , Stoiber Anton , Chowdhary Anuradha , Chauhan Neeraj , Kuchler Karl
Published: August 2022

The surge in antimicrobial drug resistance in some bacterial and fungal pathogens constitutes a significant challenge to health care facilities. The emerging human fungal pathogen
Candida auris
has been particularly concerning, as isolates can display pan-antifungal resistance traits against all drugs, including echinocandins.
Complete Genome Sequencing of a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ψUSA300 Strain JICS127, a Uniquely Evolved USA300 Lineage in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Koh , Baba Tadashi , Sasaki Takashi , Teruya Katsuji , Uehara Yuki
Published: August 2022

A ψUSA300 clone of MRSA, a derivative of USA300, is uniquely found in Japan and has 12-bp deletion on
ccrB2
in type IVa staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
element. We hereby present the complete genome of ψUSA300 strain JICS127.
Resources to Facilitate Use of the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) Mouse Model to Study Microbiome Function
Authors: Proctor Alexandra , Parvinroo Shadi , Richie Tanner , Jia Xinglin , Lee Sonny T. M. , Karp Peter D. , Paley Suzanne , Kostic Aleksandar D. , Pierre Joseph F. , Wannemuehler Michael J. , Phillips Gregory J.
Published: August 2022

Improved experimental systems are needed to advance our understanding of how the gut microbiome influences processes of the mammalian host as well as microbial community structure and function. An approach that is receiving considerable attention is the use of animal models that harbor a stable microbiota of known composition, i.e., defined microbiota, which enables control over an otherwise highly complex and variable feature of mammalian biology.
Improvements on new quantum key agreement protocol with five-qubit Brown states
Authors: Karim Faten , Abulkasim Hussein , Alabdulkreem Eatedal , Ahmed Nada , Jamjoom Mona , Abbas Safia
Published: August 2022

Recently, Cao et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34, 1950332 (2019)] presented a two-party quantum key agreement scheme using the five-qubit Brown states and the decoy protocol. They also extended their scheme to the multiparty case, and it was compared with existing works. The authors also introduced the security analysis that proves the security of their protocol against outsider and insider attacks. However, this work shows that the quantum Cao et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 34, 1950332 (2019)] protocol fails to fulfill one of the most significant conditions of the quantum key agreement, which is fairness. The computed final key by the users does not have the same level of security, and the protection of users’ private data is not maintained equally. Finally, an improved version of Cao et al.’s protocol has been suggested.
Semi-bubble structure of superheavy nuclei
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh , Shukla A. , Kumar V. , Kadrev D. N. , Gaidarov M. K.
Published: August 2022

The nuclear structure properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei lying at the extremes of charge, especially [Formula: see text], and their density profiles have been explored using the relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov in axial symmetry and the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov framework in transformed harmonic oscillator basis. In this study, we found that the semi-bubble (reduced central density) structure is mainly driven by Coulomb repulsion which stabilizes the nuclei either by pushing the nuclear matter in the surface region or by shape deformation. The shell effect is found maximum in spherical symmetric nuclei as the vanishing fission barrier in Liquid Drop formula indicates that the shell correction energy is responsible for the stabilization of these nuclei.
Osteoid Osteoma of Scaphoid Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: SANGWAN Ankit , GOYAL Ankur , GAMANAGATTI Shivanand , ANSARI Mohammed T.
Published: August 2022

Osteoid osteoma is one of the commonest benign bone tumour of adolescence. Diagnosis is based upon the typical clinical features, site of occurrence and imaging findings. Occurrence of this lesion in an atypical site is associated with delay in diagnosis and challenges in management. We present a rare case of osteoid osteoma in scaphoid in a 14-year-old girl. Comprehensive work-up using radiograph, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and Tc99-multidetector methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan was used to make the correct diagnosis over other conditions with similar presentation like de Quervain tenosynovitis, intersection syndrome and inflammatory arthropathies. We also describe the treatment using CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of this lesion and a brief literature review regarding the incidence of this lesion and treatment options available.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Mechanosensitive cation currents through TRPC6 and Piezo1 channels in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Zhao Tengteng , Parmisano Sophia , Soroureddin Zahra , Zhao Manjia , Yung Lauren , Thistlethwaite Patricia A. , Makino Ayako , Yuan Jason X.-J
Published: August 2022

Mechanosensitive cation channels and Ca2+ influx through these channels play an important role in the regulation of endothelial cell functions. Transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) is a diacylglycerol-sensitive nonselective cation channel that forms receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in a variety of cell types. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cation channel activated by membrane stretch and shear stress in lung endothelial cells. In this study, we report that TRPC6 and Piezo1 channels both contribute to membrane stretch-mediated cation currents and Ca2+ influx or increase in cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). The membrane stretch-mediated cation currents and increase in [Ca2+]cyt in human PAECs were significantly decreased by GsMTX4, a blocker of Piezo1 channels, and by BI-749327, a selective blocker of TRPC6 channels. Extracellular application of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl- sn-glycerol (OAG), a membrane permeable analog of diacylglycerol, rapidly induced whole cell cation currents and increased [Ca2+]cyt in human PAECs and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-cells transiently transfected with the human TRPC6 gene. Furthermore, membrane stretch with hypo-osmotic or hypotonic solution enhances the cation currents in TRPC6-transfected HEK cells. In HEK cells transfected with the Piezo1 gene, however, OAG had little effect on the cation currents, but membrane stretch significantly enhanced the cation currents. These data indicate that, while both TRPC6 and Piezo1 are involved in generating mechanosensitive cation currents and increases in [Ca2+]cyt in human PAECs undergoing mechanical stimulation, only TRPC6 (but not Piezo1) is sensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol. Selective blockers of these channels may help develop novel therapies for mechanotransduction-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Integrated microarray for identifying the hub mRNAs and constructed miRNA-mRNA network in coronary in-stent restenosis
Authors: Song Linghong , Feng Yufei , Tian Feng , Liu Xiaoang , Jin Shan , Wang Chengyan , Tang Wuyue , Duan Juncang , Guo Na , Shen Xihua , Hu Jianming , Zou Hong , Gu Wenyi , Liu Kejian , Pang Lijuan
Published: August 2022

As a major complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients who suffer from coronary artery disease, in-stent restenosis (ISR) poses a significant challenge for clinical management. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of ISR can be constructed to better reveal the occurrence of ISR. The relevant data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded, and 284 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and 849 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) were identified. As predicted by online tools, 65 final functional genes (FmRNAs) were overlapping DE-mRNAs and DE-miRNAs target genes. In the biological process (BP) terms of gene ontology (GO) functional analysis, the FmRNAs were mainly enriched in the cellular response to peptide, epithelial cell proliferation, and response to peptide hormone. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the FmRNAs were mainly enriched in breast cancer, endocrine resistance, and Cushing syndrome. Jun proto-oncogene, activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor subunit ( JUN), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R), member RAS oncogene family ( RAB14), specificity protein 1 ( SP1), protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 ( PTPN1), DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 10 ( DCAF10), retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 ( RBBP5), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I ( EIF4A1) were hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network (PPI network). The miRNA-mRNA network containing DE-miRNAs and hub genes was built. Hsa-miR-139-5p- JUN, hsa-miR-324-5p- SP1 axis pairs were found in the miRNA-mRNA network, which could promote ISR development. The aforementioned results indicate that the miRNA-mRNA network constructed in ISR has a regulatory role in the development of ISR and may provide new approaches for clinical treatment and experimental development.
From Bilateral Periorbital Necrotic Wound to Fungal Brain Abscess: A Complicated Case of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis
Authors: Eshraghi Bahram , Hosseini Nastaran-Sadat , Mohammadi Rasoul , Abtahi Seyed Hamid Reza , Ramezani-Majd Alireza , Azad Roya , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: August 2022

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is categorized as rhinocerebral-orbital (RCOM), pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated mucormycosis. An alarming surge in morbidity and mortality attributed to mucormycosis concurrent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a cause for concern during the current outbreak of COVID-19. The global incidence of CAM has been attributed to environmental, host, and iatrogenic factors. Further, Mucorales interacting with epithelial cells followed by endothelium invasion are pivotal in developing mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. In essence, CAM is an emerging condition that requires increased vigilance in all COVID-19 patients, including those who have recovered. In this case report, we describe a rare case of CAM in a 33-year-old immunocompetent man who developed bilateral periocular pain and a small area of cutaneous necrosis in both medial canthi associated with impaired vision, which progressed into a fungal brain abscess formation in the post-COVID period. Furthermore, this case aims to illustrate the potential underlying risk factors of CAM other than known risk factors, especially in immunocompetent individuals.
Coexisting Alterations of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation and IFNγ Signaling Mediate Acquired Resistance of Melanoma to Post–PD-1 Immunotherapy
Authors: Nielsen Morten , Presti Mario , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Jensen Agnete Witness Præst , Draghi Arianna , Chamberlain Christopher Aled , Schina Aimilia , Yde Christina Westmose , Wojcik John , Szallasi Zoltan , Crowther Michael Douglas , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco
Published: August 2022

Responses to immunotherapy can be very durable but acquired resistance leading to tumor progression often occurs. We investigated a patient with melanoma resistant to anti–programmed death 1 (anti–PD-1) who participated in the CA224-020 clinical trial (NCT01968109) and had further progression after an initial objective response to anti–PD-1 plus anti–lymphocyte activation gene 3. We found consecutive acquisition of beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) loss and impaired Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) signaling that coexisted in progressing tumor cells. Functional analyses revealed a pan T-cell immune escape phenotype, where distinct alterations mediated independent immune resistance to tumor killing by autologous CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; B2M loss) and CD4+ TILs (impaired JAK1 signaling). These findings shed light on the complexity of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in the post anti–PD-1 setting, indicating that coexisting altered pathways can lead to pan T-cell immune escape.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Through-The-Needle Biopsy of Pancreatic Cysts: Toward Procedure Standardization
Authors: Vilas-Boas Filipe , Ribeiro Tiago , Costa-Moreira Pedro , Barroca Helena , Lopes Joanne , Martins Diana , Moutinho-Ribeiro Pedro , Macedo Guilherme
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: EUS-guided through-the-needle microforceps biopsy (EUS-TTNB) was introduced as a new diagnostic tool to establish pancreatic cyst histotype and help to better risk stratify the patients. The aim of this study was to describe the technical success, diagnostic yield, and adverse events of through-the-needle biopsy and discuss the technique variations, focusing on future procedure standardization. Methods: We performed a prospective single-center study including patients with presumed mucinous cysts harboring worrisome features or indeterminate cyst type on imaging, submitted to EUS-TTNB using Moray® microforceps between March 2018 and September 2021. Specimens were processed as a cell-block. Results: We included 40 patients. Technical success was 97.5%. The diagnostic yield was 72.5% for TTNB whereas for cyst fluid cytology/analysis it was 27.5%. Moreover, without TTNB 5 mucinous lesions would not have been diagnosed. TTNB had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 91%, while FNA cytology had a sensitivity and specificity of 35% and 91%, respectively. Moreover for IPMN lesions, subtyping was possible in 63% of cases. TTNB resulted in change in clinical management in 20% of patients. We registered three adverse events: 2 self-limited intracystic bleeding and 1 patient with abdominal pain not associated with pancreatitis. Conclusion: TTNB proved superior to cyst fluid analysis and cytology for the definition of cyst histotype and mucinous cyst diagnosis with acceptable risk profile. Further studies should explore the best steps for procedure standardization.
Macular Toxicity of Low-Concentration Cefuroxime during Cataract Surgery in Vitrectomized Eyes
Authors: Sun Jiajun , Wei Yufen , Li Honglei , Zheng Simeng , Wu Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the toxic effect and clinical characteristics of 1 mg/mL cefuroxime sodium on retinas after phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes. Methods: Cataract patients with vitrectomized eyes were studied retrospectively. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed uneventfully. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography, macular central thickness, and angiography were collected and analyzed. They were studied in patients with macular edema to evaluate macular toxicity. Results: Ninety two cases (92 eyes) were enrolled, including 44 eyes of males and 48 eyes of females with an average age of 55.35 ± 12.32 years. Univariate analysis showed that the intraoperative use of balanced salt solution containing 1 mg/mL cefuroxime sodium compound electrolyte and macular involvement in primary vitrectomy were important risk factors for macular edema on the first day after cataract surgery (p < 0.05). In addition, the characteristics of this kind of macular edema were studied; the thickness of macular fovea was significantly high at 1-day follow-up (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between pre-operation and 1-week post-operation (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Low-concentration cefuroxime sodium can cause acute macular edema in vitrectomized eyes, which can heal within 1 week after surgery.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Mid-Urethral Sling Position: A Potential Predictor of Outcomes and Adverse Effects
Authors: Ghanbari Zinat , Ayati Elnaz , Bastani Parvin , Pourali Leila , Amini Erfan
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate mid-urethral sling (MUS) position and its association with postoperative outcomes and complications. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Ninety-two women who underwent MUS procedure with a median follow-up period of 11 months (interquartile range 5–24 months) were recruited. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Two-dimensional trans-labial ultrasound with an endovaginal probe was used to visualize the urethral length (UL), sling distance to the bladder neck (BN) and to the urethra longitudinal smooth muscle (LSM). Results: Mean sling-LSM, UL, and sling-BN distances were 5.97 ± 2.04 mm, 28.66 ± 3.19 mm, and 18.85 ± 4.46 mm, respectively. Sling position relative to BN (proximal vs. middle vs. distal) was not associated with surgery outcomes and complications; however, mean sling-LSM in patients with exposure (4.3%) was significantly higher compared to those who did not experience exposure (8.80 ± 1.9 mm vs. 5.8 ± 2.0 mm, p = 0.048). Moreover, the mean sling-LSM distance was associated with patient satisfaction (5.87 ± 2.0 mm in satisfied patients with VAS > 6 vs. 6.29 ± 2.1 mm in unsatisfied patients, p value = 0.043). Likewise, patients who had worsened or showed de novo overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms (8.8%) had significantly higher mean sling-LSM distance compared to patients with improved OAB symptoms (6.52 ± 2.0 mm vs. 5.37 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.007). Mean sling-LSM distance was lower in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), voiding dysfunction, and improved stress urinary incontinence, whereas patients with dyspareunia after surgery had higher mean sling-LSM distance; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Limitations: Both trans-obturator and retropubic procedures with or without concomitant prolapse surgery were assessed. Heterogeneity of the study population and pelvic floor ultrasound being performed by a single urogynecologist were the limitations of the current study. Conclusions: Ultrasound visualization of MUS is feasible and has the potential to predict outcomes and complications. High sling-LSM distance was associated with exposure, and low sling-LSM distance with increased satisfaction rate, probability of voiding dysfunction, and recurrent UTI.
A ilha de Cecília Meireles
Authors: Oliveira Mariana
Published: August 2022

A conexão que Cecília Meireles sentia a respeito de seus antepassados açorianos se manifesta em sua obra. O sentimento de camaradagem com o povo açoriano foi instilado em Cecília pela avó que a criou e encorajado pela sua duradoura correspondência com o poeta Armando Côrtes-Rodrigues. A orfandade de Cecília estimulou este impulso em direção à terra de seus antepassados. A poeta teve a oportunidade de conhecer os Açores em 1951, mas as ilhas reais não se alinharam perfeitamente com as ilhas de sua imaginação. Cecília, então, criou uma ilha fictícia perfeita, um local onde ela poderia se exilar: a Ilha do Nanja, descrita em poemas e em crônicas. A Ilha do Nanja é pitoresca e nostálgica. Esta comunicação analisa a metáfora da ilha utópica na obra de Cecília Meireles com o auxílio da teoria das ilhas, que prioriza a experiência de escritores ilhéus. Meireles, natural do Rio de Janeiro, é uma forasteira escrevendo sobre as ilhas. A insularidade em sua obra é imaginária, não vivida. Interrogo se uma autora continental pode fazer parte do cânone insular e exploro a atração transatlântica exercida pelos Açores sobre a poeta.
"Na raiz das lágrimas”: Cecília Meireles e o Deus encoberto
Authors: Marchioro Camila
Published: August 2022

“Se não houvesse montanhas/ Se não houvesse paredes”, versos iniciais do livro 'Canções', 1956, de Cecília Meireles, evidenciam a percepção dos obstáculos que se encontram no processo de investigação da própria consciência. Este artigo se direciona para uma leitura fenomenológica do livro em questão e faz uma breve análise de outros livros da autora em busca das “formas de Deus” presentes em sua vasta poesia. Partindo de versos que escrevem o reconhecimento e o desconhecimento de si, analisa-se em 'Canções' as imagens que erguem mundos e se dissolvem em espuma, neve, nuvem, bruma ou nada, dando corpo poético ao difícil empenho de caminhar pelos labirintos da própria mente. Esse processo leva ao encontro de um "Deus encoberto". Usa-se como apoio a fenomenologia, tanto conforme os conceitos elaborados por Edmund Husserl quanto e por seus pares no pensamento indiano de tradição sânscrita, como o 'Yoga Sutra' (de Patanjali), e o Zen budismo.