bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Analysis of Precast Dapped-End Beams
Authors: Hasa Michal , Zich Miloš
Published: May 2017

This article deals with a nonlinear analysis of the detail of the dapped-end beam, the design of which in practice usually employs the design procedures based on the strut-and-tie method. The article is a follow-up to the contribution released in 2014 which presented the experiment carried out with a view to verify the design procedure and to the study showing the influence of the used amount of vertical and inclined hanger reinforcement on the bearing capacity and behaviour of the detail under load. The experiment also included the tests of material properties performed on the used concrete. Along with the inspection certificates issued for the used reinforcement, these tests served as a basis for the nonlinear finite element analysis by the ATENA software. This article presents and compares the results of the aforementioned analysis and experiment.
Assessment of the Effects of Wind on Multi-Storey and High-Rise Concrete Building
Authors: Abrahoim Iyad , Harvan Ivan
Published: May 2017

Increase in the number of floors of high-rise buildings increases both vertical and horizontal loads, but at the same time increases the share of the total horizontal load stress in their individual load-bearing members. This stress must always be verified. At the same time, the height of the building also increases the horizontal deflection, resulting in increased requirements for the horizontal stiffness of the structure. The use of high-strength materials resulting in a reduction of dimensions of the load-bearing members and the weight of the building, results in a large slenderness of high-rise buildings. Ultimate limit states ULS. Serviceability limit states. Assessment of stability of the high-rise building under the effects of wind. Assessment of the effects of wind on floor slabs.
Numerical Simulation on the Aerodynamic Characteristics Effect of Ribs Acting on the Cooling Tower
Authors: Harazim Petr , Vrablik Lukáš
Published: May 2017

The experimental work deals with the modelling of flow around a two-dimensional model of an infinite cylinder in a trans-critical flow regime. Herein, there was used ANSYS Fluent and the turbulent model k-ε realizable for the calculation of the pressure distribution around the cylinder. This turbulence model belongs to Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). The simulated numerical domain considered half of the cylinder with the diameter of 70 m, wind flow was set to 35 m.s-1, which resulting in the Reynolds number of Re = 1,68.108. In this study, meridional wind ribs were modelled physically. A parametric study was modelled with the different shape of ribs, ribs spacing and height. Simulated results were compared with experimentally ascertained data and guidelines.
The Maximum Punching Capacity of Flat Slabs
Authors: Majtánová Lucia , Halvonik Jaroslav , Hanzel Ján
Published: May 2017

Two ways how to determine maximum punching resistance of flat slabs with shear reinforcement are currently used. The first way is verification of the concrete strut capacity at the column periphery defined as VRd,max. The second limit is defined as kmax multiple of the punching shear resistance without shear reinforcement VRd,c. The values of kmax are proposed usually in between 1.4 and 2.0. Results of the experimental tests are presented in the paper that were focused on above mentioned limits, whether failure of the struts can precede any other form of punching failure that is limited by kmax*VRd,c. Two experimental slab samples reinforced with high amount of shear reinforcement that increased punching capacity above capacity of the concrete struts were tested together with two slab samples cast without shear reinforcement. Comparison has shown that punching resistance of flat slab with shear reinforcement has been 1.7 times higher than resistance without shear reinforcement. While some standards allow for use kmax value of 1.9 in this case. This indicates that limits based only on the kmax factors may overestimate actual maximum punching shear resistance.
Thin Lightweight Panels Made of Textile Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Řepka Jakub , Vlach Tomáš , Laiblová Lenka , Hájek Petr , Ženíšek Michal , Kokeš Pavel
Published: May 2017

Use of high performance concrete with reinforcement made of technical textile is increasing and new applications are being found. This paper presents new technology for the lightening of the panels made of textile reinforced concrete, which is being developed. The main focus of this research is to produce concrete elements suitable for use as facade panels with the least possible weight and environmental impact. Mechanical characteristics were measured on testing specimens with thickness of 18 mm with lightening representing 47% of their volume. Minimum thickness of concrete was 4 mm and therefore the reinforcement was covered by approximately 1.5 mm of concrete matrix. The strength of experimental test panels was measured in four-point bending stress test. Due to one-sided lightening and asymmetrical cross-section therefore, the tests were performed in both directions. For better interpretation of the results were the specimens of lightened panels tested alongside non-lightened specimens with the same thickness. Based on measured values, maximal dimensions of lightened facade panels were designed.
Experimental Analysis of the Proposed Watertight Steel Fibre Concrete
Authors: Suchánek Vladimír , Slováček Matěj
Published: May 2017

This report deals with the description of development of waterproof steel fibre reinforced concrete (suitable for concrete lining of tunnel constructions in particular) in cooperation with the concrete supplier. With regard to newly released documents, two formulas of waterproof concrete supplemented with steel and polypropylene fibres were suggested. The formulas were designed according to different approaches (standards / Austrian Directive), and they differ only in various weight doses of the individual components. With regard to the general requirements for the tunnel lining (fire resistance tests, chemical stability, strength, impermeability and adhesion), strength and plastic properties, durability parameters (depth of penetration of water under pressure, depth of penetration of standing water, frost resistance, resistance of cement concrete surface to water and defrosting chemicals, depth of penetration of chloride) and the resistance to extreme thermal stress were determined in both the formulas. Standardized tests and non-standard testing have been completed.
Reliability of Existing Concrete Structures Determined with Physical Models - Carbonation Induced Corrosion
Authors: Zambon Ivan , Vidović Anja , Strauss Alfred
Published: May 2017

The main goal of transportation infrastructure management is to optimize the use of infrastructure in the most beneficiary way while respecting the predefined requirements. One of the crucial parts in management strategy is the prediction of behaviour of vital transportation elements. Used prediction models should accurately describe the process of degradation and allow forecasting of structural condition by considering environment, usage and maintenance actions. Deterioration models can be divided into mathematical (statistical), physical and empirical models. Statistical models are based on data that describe condition of structure, such as for example condition rating. Physical models describe damage-causing processes and empirical models are experience based. The focus of this paper is to present the physical model of carbonation in assessment of performance of existing reinforced concrete structures in transportation networks. Assessment is done through determining the probability of limit state of depassivation. In order to determine the carbonation without testing, a special attention has to be given to environmental and material parameter identification. Herein, the identification takes into account weather specifics and construction practice in Austria. Finally, the reliability of existing reinforced concrete structures for combination of different exposure classes and material characteristics is analysed. Based on the analysis of reliability, the carbonation nomogram for engineering use is presented, showing the reliability indices β for the service life of 50 years.
Methods Considering the Concrete Creep due to Shrinkage
Authors: Zvolánek Lukáš , Terzijski Ivailo
Published: May 2017

Creep of concrete is a phenomenon that is not only significant in the long term, but also at young concrete. The paper deals with methods considering the tensile creep of concrete due to shrinkage. It was proved, that the tensile creep can be taken into account by simplified methods called Age-adjusted Effective Modulus Method with the ageing coefficient χvalue falling between 0.4 and 0.45. Calculated values were experimentally verified by means of Ring-test.
Mixing of Concretes with Extremely Low Water-Cement Ratio
Authors: Ženíšek Michal , Vlach Tomáš , Laiblová Lenka
Published: May 2017

This article deals with the ways of mixing method for concrete with extremely low water-cement ratio (w/c) typical for ultra-high performance concretes. For this purpose, the mixture with w/c ratio of 0.2 and amount 6% superplasticizers of cement weight was used. In total 6 various mixing methods was tested, which differed in application of superplasticizers, mixing order or mixing length. Workability, electricity consumption during mixing and compressive and flexural strength after 28 days were examined. The performed experiments showed that workability can be increased by, for example, separate doses of superplasticizers and water or other mixing methods. Strength of concrete was identical for all produced mixtures, even though the total mixing time was shortened in two cases.
Drying Shrinkage of Concrete: Experiments and Numerical Models
Authors: Vinkler Marek , Vitek Jan L.
Published: May 2017

The paper presents some results of experimental program focused on drying and shrinkage of large concrete specimens. Segments of walls with thicknesses 200, 400 and 800 mm and standard cylinders 150x300 mm were used as specimens. Each segment has embedded 4 vibrating wire strain gauges in axis plane for measurements of shrinkage strain and plastic tubes of various lengths for measurements of pore relative humidity in different depths. Relative humidity and temperature of ambient environment were not controlled, however they were recorded very closely. Measure shrinkage strains are compared with prediction based on shrinkage models. The most important predictive models are used for comparison: Model Code 2010, Eurokód 2, Model ACI 209-R92, Model B4 a Model B4s.
Influence of Steel Fibres in Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete on ULS and SLS
Authors: Fleissig Jan
Published: May 2017

The steel fibre reinforced concrete is expensive compared with the ordinary concrete. The costs for the production, the transport and the setting of steel fibre reinforced concrete should be directly proportional to its quality. The quality of material can be quantified in a broad spectrum of properties (the workability, the mechanical and physical properties, the durability, etc.). This article is focused on the influence of mechanical and physical properties (the tensile strength and the residual tensile strength) on ULS and SLS. The paper is limited only to the bending load bearing capacity from ULS point of view and limited only to vertical deformation from SLS point of view. The example is a part of paper – the calculation of two bending structures. Firstly, it is calculated as the structure of ordinary reinforced concrete and secondly it is calculated as the structure of reinforced steel fibre reinforced concrete. The geometric arrangement, the type and the quantity of reinforcement are identical for both calculated structures. The calculated structures are different only in the tensile strength and the residual tensile strength. All other input parameters (including modulus of elasticity) are identical for both calculated structures, in order the influence of tensile strength on ULS and SLS excels. The presented results should be the basic concept for the effectiveness assessment of steel fibre reinforced concrete application.
Effect of Temperature Increasing on Deformation Properties of TRC
Authors: Bittner Tomáš , Bouška Petr , Nenadálová Šárka , Rydval Milan , Vokáč Miroslav
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a description of the changes in the deformation properties of TRC under a gradual increase in temperature. TRC [1, 2] is a composite material consisting of a fine-grained UHPC matrix and textile glass fibres, known as AR-Glass. A very high load-bearing composite can be produced by combining the high compressive strength of UHPC (approximately 150 MPa) and the high tensile strength of textile glass fibres (about 2200 MPa). Samples 1100 x 120 x 20 mm in size were produced for the experiment. The samples were placed in a thermal chamber and were submitted to a constant load. In the next step, a gradual increase in temperature up to 75oC was simulated using heating cables located on the bottom of the chamber. We monitored the changes in bending in the middle of the span. Since the experiments are very time-consuming, the experiment was also simulated using a numerical model. Finally, there is a qualitative comparison of the two methods.
Residual Material Properties of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Čítek David , Rydval Milan , Fořt Jan , Pokorný Petr , Pavlík Zbyšek , Kolisko Jiří
Published: May 2017

This paper is focused on the research of material characteristics of high performance concrete reinforced with a combination of steel and hybrid fibers exposed to the extreme temperatures. In the performed experiments it was examined several types of mixtures (HPFRC, UHPFRC) exposed to the extreme temperatures up to 200-1200 °C. Outside residual parameters of each examined mixtures (tensile bending strength, compression strength, fracture parameters) was investigated the dependence of porosity of the matrix, sample damage and chemical analysis of samples exposed to extreme temperatures, to the resulting mechanical parameters. Part of the initial results of the research described base material and physical properties of the examined mixes and shows the effect of high temperatures on these properties. The results presented in the current paper are the basis for further research and the preparation of numerical models for the design of HPC exposed to extreme temperatures.
Non-Destructive and Destructive Monitoring Methods of Fibre Concrete Homogeneity
Authors: Čechmánek René , Drdlová Martina , Boháč Martin
Published: May 2017

Design, preparation and testing of fibre-cement composites are a task of wide range of research workplaces and universities in our country and abroad. However, a question on homogeneity of all cement matrix components and mainly optimal dispersion of fibre reinforcement in a mixture has not been yet solved sufficiently. Within testing of properties of such designed composites there is usually a realized fact, that variability of these properties is distinctive mainly for the reason of uneven dispersion of commonly used fibres in a whole matrix volume. Elimination of this phenomenon could be achieved by means of a design of the optimal homogenization process of dry mixture components with fibre reinforcement. The aim of research works was to find suitable homogenization techniques, design of mixing process and optimal dosing of individual components. By means of these actions it is possible to achieve the best dispersion of selected fibre types, both metal and non-metal, in fine-grained cementitious matrixes, which is subsequently verified in hardened composites at first by non-destructive and then by destructive methods. Four different fibre-cement mixtures were chosen as representatives for commonly used reinforcement in fibre-cement composites and test specimens with a thickness of 40 mm were prepared using processes suitable for the specific fibre reinforcement. At the first stage non-destructive testing by means of ultrasound waves was carried out at first on a compact test slab with dimensions 500 x 500 x 40 mm and subsequently on individual test specimens with dimensions 250 x 40 x 40 mm, cut from the test slab according to a designed pattern. At the second stage destructive testing of test specimens was performed, mainly evaluation of flexural strength with 4-point bending and subsequently preparation of thin sections from the failure area for observation by means of polarizing microscopy. A purpose of all these research works is finding of correlation between testing by means of destructive and non-destructive methods.
Low-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Osuská Lucia , Labaj Martin , Valek Jaroslav
Published: May 2017

Self-compacting concretes (SCC) are relatively modern building material that has great potential for using in a wide range of applications. Its origin and development is considered a major breakthrough in concrete technology, especially because of its ease of placement without the need to use external dynamic forces in the form of vibrations. This can significantly affect the resulting properties of concrete as well as working conditions on the building site.To maintain the fresh concrete’s rheological properties and, at the same time, achieve lower final strength, reduced amount of Portland cement needs to be proposed in mixture design. Then, to keep the number of fine particles at high level, it is necessary to use fine grained cement compatible additives which do not chemically participate on hydration process – at least not too much – and thus do not increase the resulting strength.This paper will address the verification of inert additives functionality for the production of lower-strength self-compacting concretes, namely in strength classes C16/20 and C25/30 according to ČSN EN 206. The inert admixture used in this experiment – stone dust from Zelesice quarry – has a relatively high water absorption. Therefore, the particularly crucial part was the fine-tuning of fresh SCC’s rheological properties. The results are clearly pointing to the possibility of lower-strength self-compacting concretes’ production and thus makes it possible to expand the usability portfolio of this type of modern construction material with regard to its lower production costs.
Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia species and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like bacterium in ticks collected from dogs and cats in South Africa
Authors: Mtshali Khethiwe , Nakao Ryo , Sugimoto Chihiro , Thekisoe Oriel
Published: May 2017

Ticks are major vectors of arthropod-borne infections and transmit a wide variety of zoonotic pathogens. This study was conducted mainly to determine the occurrence of canine tick-borne bacterial and rickettsial pathogens especially those with zoonotic potential. We examined 276 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 38 Haemaphysalis elliptica and 4 Amblyomma hebraeum ticks from 90 dogs and 4 cats from the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, North West and Mpumalanga provinces. DNA of Coxiella burnetii (41%), Ehrlichia or Anaplasma (18%), Rickettsia spp. (37%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like bacterium (18%) and Ehrlichia canis (19%) was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a total of 147 pooled DNA samples. All samples were negative for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA. Ehrlichia canis was detected in samples from all the provinces except the North West; A. phagocytophilum was absent in KwaZulu-Natal samples, whereas Rickettsia species and C. burnetii were detected in all sampled provinces. The PCRpositive samples were confirmed by direct sequencing of the product. Data from this study calls for a joint effort by both veterinary and medical sectors to conduct epidemiological studies of the zoonotic pathogens in both animals and humans.
Teacher education students’ struggles with group work in service learning
Authors: Petersen Nadine , Petker Gadija
Published: May 2017

This article reports on students’ experiences of learning to work together in a childhood teacher education programme at a university in South Africa. We were interested in how students from diverse backgrounds, with little shared understanding of a model or framework for collaborative working, would find their footing and learn how to operationalise care, accountability and reflexivity through engaging in group work as part of their service learning activities. A cross section of student data, from first year to third year, was analysed using qualitative methods of data analysis. The main findings were that the incremental integration of service learning, with fixed student groupings over three years, was a catalyst for the gradual formation of professional student learning communities. The student struggles with group relationships helped them address their cultural, linguistic and gendered assumptions about each other. Lastly, we found that relatively fixed nature of the student groupings over a three year period encouraged deep reflection about ideas of care, community and social responsibility.
The capacity of personnel in disaster risk management in South African municipalities
Authors: Wentink Gideon J. , Van Niekerk Dewald
Published: May 2017

Since 1994, fundamental transformation in South Africa in terms of disaster risk reduction taken place. The transformation process led to the promulgation of the Disaster Management Act (57/2002) (DMA) that introduced a new era of disaster risk management (DRM) in South Africa. The National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF) that followed in 2005 put clear guidelines in place for implementing the DMA and emphasised the importance of the integration and coordination of DRM activities in all spheres of government. To adhere to the requirements of the DMA regarding personnel, certain DRM structures like interdepartmental committees, disaster management centres, disaster management frameworks and disaster management advisory forums must be in place. Since the promulgation of the DMA in 2003, South African municipalities have had ample time to get the structures in place. This article tries to evaluate the degree to which South African municipalities adhere to the requirements of the DMA in terms of personnel. Municipalities were selected per province, and the research is based on a 20% representative sample of all 279 municipalities in South Africa. A mixed method of research was followed. The result of this research showed a clear lack of implementation in terms of the DMA. A number of disaster management personnel work in other municipal departments, meaning that their attention cannot fully be focused on activities relating to DRM.
High-dimensional statistics, with applications to genome-wide association studies
Authors: Bühlmann Peter
Published: May 2017

We present a selective review on high-dimensional statistics where the dimensionality of the unknown parameter in a model can be much larger than the sample size in a dataset (e.g. the number of people in a study). Particular attention is given to recent developments for quantifying uncertainty in high-dimensional scenarios. Assessing statistical uncertainties enables to describe some degree of replicability of scientific findings, an ingredient of key importance for many applications. We also show here how modern high-dimensional statistics offers new perspectives in an important area in genetics: novel ways of analyzing genome-wide association studies, towards inferring more causal-oriented conclusions.
In Love and Struggle
Authors: Ward Stephen M.
Published: May 2017

James Boggs (1919-1993) and Grace Lee Boggs (1915-2015) were two largely unsung but critically important figures in the black freedom struggle. Born and raised in Alabama, James Boggs came to Detroit during the Great Migration, becoming an automobile worker and a union activist. Grace Lee was a Chinese American scholar who studied Hegel, worked with Caribbean political theorist C. L. R. James, and moved to Detroit to work toward a new American revolution. As husband and wife, the couple was influential in the early stages of what would become the Black Power movement, laying the intellectual foundation for racial and urban struggles during one of the most active social movement periods in recent U.S. history. Stephen Ward details both the personal and the political dimensions of the Boggses' lives, highlighting the vital contributions these two figures made to black activist thinking. At once a dual biography of two crucial figures and a vivid portrait of Detroit as a center of activism, Ward's book restores the Boggses, and the intellectual strain of black radicalism they shaped, to their rightful place in postwar American history.’
Blue Texas
Authors: Krochmal Max
Published: May 2017

Beginning in the 1930s, Max Krochmal tells the story of the decades-long struggle for democracy in Texas, when African American, Mexican American, and white labor and community activists gradually came together to empower the state’s marginalized minorities. At the ballot box and in the streets, these diverse activists demanded not only integration but economic justice, labor rights, and real political power for all. Their efforts gave rise to the Democratic Coalition of the 1960s, a militant, multiracial alliance that would take on and eventually overthrow both Jim Crow and Juan Crow.
Using rare archival sources and original oral history interviews, Krochmal reveals the often-overlooked democratic foundations and liberal tradition of one of our nation’s most conservative states. Blue Texas remembers the many forgotten activists who, by crossing racial lines and building coalitions, democratized their cities and state to a degree that would have been unimaginable just a decade earlier--and it shows why their story still matters today.
“Colored” Is the New Queer
Authors: Clay Andreana
Published: May 2017

Andreana Clay and a small group of queer faculty of color reflect on E. Patrick's Johnson's experiences at Amherst College, recounted in his essay ""In the Merry Old Land of Oz: Rac(e)ing, Quee(r)ing the Academy,"" as they discuss how things have and haven't changed for LGBTQ faculty around the country. In addition to the challenges all faculty of color face, this essay shows the struggles unique to queer faculty, from coming out in the classroom, to being viewed as super minorities, to working in departments all too willing to ignore the invisible labor they do as they work to build communities in and out of academia. The participants in this discussion also reflect on how working class roots shape their experience in higher ed.
Julius Chambers
Authors: Rosen Richard A. , Mosnier Joseph
Published: May 2017

Born in the hamlet of Mount Gilead, North Carolina, Julius Chambers (1936–2013) escaped the fetters of the Jim Crow South to emerge in the 1960s and 1970s as the nation’s leading African American civil rights attorney. After blazing a unique path through the world of higher education, including becoming the first black student ever to be editor-in-chief of the law review at a historically white southern law school, Chambers was selected as the initial intern for NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund’s civil rights internship program. Following passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Chambers worked closely with LDF in forwarding the strategic litigation campaign for civil rights, with Chambers arguing and ultimately winning landmark school and employment desegregation cases at the U.S. Supreme Court. Aided by a small group of white and black attorneys and support staff which he gathered together in a truly integrated law firm, and undaunted by the dynamiting of his home and the arson that destroyed the offices of his law practice, Chambers pushed federal civil rights law to its high-water mark. This book connects the details of Chambers’s life to the wider struggle to secure racial equality through the development of modern civil rights law. Tracing his path from a dilapidated black elementary school to counsel’s lectern at the Supreme Court and beyond, the authors reveal Chambers’s singular influence on the evolution of federal civil rights law after 1964.
Making Black Los Angeles
Authors: Campbell Marne L.
Published: May 2017

Black Los Angeles started small. The first census of the newly formed Los Angeles County in 1850 recorded only twelve Americans of African descent alongside a population of more than 3,500 Anglo Americans. Over the following seventy years, however, the African American founding families of Los Angeles forged a vibrant community within the increasingly segregated and stratified city. In this book, historian Marne L. Campbell examines the intersections of race, class, and gender to produce a social history of community formation and cultural expression in Los Angeles. Expanding on the traditional narrative of middle-class uplift, Campbell demonstrates that the black working class, largely through the efforts of women, fought to secure their own economic and social freedom by forging communal bonds with black elites and other communities of color. This women-led, black working-class agency and cross-racial community building, Campbell argues, was markedly more successful in Los Angeles than in any other region in the country. Drawing from an extensive database of all African American households between 1850 and 1910, Campbell vividly tells the story of how middle-class African Americans were able to live, work, and establish a community of their own in the growing city of Los Angeles.
You Can't Eat Freedom
Authors: de Jong Greta
Published: May 2017

Two revolutions roiled the rural South after the mid-1960s: the political revolution wrought by the passage of civil rights legislation, and the ongoing economic revolution brought about by increasing agricultural mechanization. Political empowerment for black southerners coincided with the transformation of southern agriculture and the displacement of thousands of former sharecroppers from the land. Focusing on the plantation regions of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, Greta de Jong analyzes how social justice activists responded to mass unemployment by lobbying political leaders, initiating antipoverty projects, and forming cooperative enterprises that fostered economic and political autonomy, efforts that encountered strong opposition from free market proponents who opposed government action to solve the crisis.
Making clear the relationship between the civil rights movement and the War on Poverty, this history of rural organizing shows how responses to labor displacement in the South shaped the experiences of other Americans who were affected by mass layoffs in the late twentieth century, shedding light on a debate that continues to reverberate today.
Gathering to Save a Nation
Authors: Engle Stephen D.
Published: May 2017

This work examines the role of Union governors in the Civil War and how these politicians were pivotal in securing victory. In a time of limited federal authority, governors were an essential part of the machine that maintained the Union while it mobilized and sustained the war effort. Charged with the difficult task of raising soldiers from their home states, these governors had to also rally political, economic, and popular support for the conflict, at times against a backdrop of significant local opposition.
It argues that the relationship between these loyal-state leaders and Lincoln’s administration was far more collaborative than previously thought. While providing detailed and engaging portraits of these men, their state-level actions, and their collective cooperation, the work brings into new focus the era’s complex political history and shows how the Civil War tested and transformed the relationship between state and federal governments.
Innocent Experiments
Authors: Onion Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Since World War II, the American discourse around children and science has been held in the form of a postmortem: a series of diagnoses pointing to a commitment gap that never seems to be fixed. The formation “Children don’t love science like they used to” points to an imagined past, full of the joy of experimentation and discovery. Although some now argue that we no longer actually face a scientific “manpower shortage,” the popular belief that we do is deeply ingrained, coming, as it does, from this vision of a lost time of utopian explorations. This book, a twentieth-century cultural history of the “science kid,” asks what the stakes of this belief might be. It argues that the nostalgic vision of “a time when American kids loved science” tends to represent these “science kids” as male. If we’re stuck associating the qualities of a potential young scientist—curiosity, mischievousness, a certain free way of thinking that sometimes borders on the antisocial—with masculinity, what effect might this persistent set of associations have on the attempt to recruit women into STEM fields?
Mania for Freedom
Authors: Kilgore John Mac
Published: May 2017

“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm,” wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1841. While this statement may read like an innocuous truism today, the claim would have been controversial in the antebellum United States when enthusiasm was a hotly contested term associated with religious fanaticism and poetic inspiration, revolutionary politics and imaginative excess. In analyzing the language of enthusiasm in philosophy, religion, politics, and literature, John Mac Kilgore uncovers a tradition of enthusiasm linked to a politics of emancipation. The dissenting voices chronicled here fought against what they viewed as tyranny while using their writings to forge international or antinationalistic political affiliations.
Pushing his analysis across national boundaries, Kilgore contends that American enthusiastic literature, unlike the era’s concurrent sentimental counterpart, stressed democratic resistance over domestic reform as it navigated the global political sphere. By analyzing a range of canonical American authors—including William Apess, Phillis Wheatley, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Walt Whitman—Kilgore places their works in context with the causes, wars, and revolutions that directly or indirectly engendered them. In doing so, he makes a unique and compelling case for enthusiasm’s centrality in the shaping of American literary history.
Global Health Inequalities and Justice
Authors: Ruger Jennifer Prah
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses challenges of global health inequalities in the current global health policy system. It then describes provincial globalism and a shared health governance framework as approaches to these challenges. Moral philosophers have for some time argued that global poverty and associated human suffering are universal concerns and that there is a moral obligation, beyond matters of charity, for wealthier countries to do more. Being serious about addressing the problem of global health inequalities requires developing a conception of global health justice. Moreover, addressing global health inequalities requires a reexamination of the norms and principles underlying global institutions in order to offer proposals for a better global health policy. This chapter sketches analytical components of provincial globalism, a framework that takes individuals to be the moral unit in both domestic and global contexts and that improves the prospects of alleviating global health inequalities. Provincial globalism promotes the realization of individuals’ health capabilities and supports a shared health governance that enables institutions to reexamine the objectives, policy goals, and decision-making procedures of the global health architecture. Shared health governance, in turn, provides standards for regulating global and domestic institutions and practices to create the conditions for realizing individuals’ health capabilities.
From Reconciliation to Revolution
Authors: Cline David P.
Published: May 2017

The Student Interracial Ministry (SIM) was a seminary-based, nationally influential Protestant civil rights organization that drew on the Social Gospel and Student Christian Movement traditions to simultaneously dismantle Jim Crow and advance Prorestant mainline churches’ approach to race. Entirely student-led and always ecumenical in scope, SIM began in 1960 with the tactic of placing black assistant pastors in white churches and whites in black churches with the goal of achieving racial reconciliation. In its later years, before it disbanded in mid-1968, SIM moved away from church structures, engaging directly in political and economic movements, inner-city ministry and development projects, and college and seminary teaching. In each of these areas, SIM participants attempted to live out German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer's exhortation to “bring the church into the world.”
From Reconciliation to Revolution demonstrates that the civil rights movement, in both its “classic” phase from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and its longer phase stretching over most of the twentieth century, was imbued with religious faith and its expression. It treats the classic phase of the civil rights movement as one manifestation of a theme of Liberal Protestant interracial reform that runs through the century, illustrating that liberal religious activists of the 1960s drew on a tradition of Protestant interracial reform, building on and sometimes reinventing the work of their progenitors earlier in the century to apply their understanding of the Gospel’s imperative to heal the injustices of the modern world.
A More Civil War
Authors: Dilbeck D. H.
Published: May 2017

During the Civil War, Americans confronted profound moral problems about how to fight in the conflict. In this innovative book, D.H. Dilbeck reveals how the Union sought to wage a just war against the Confederacy. He shows that northerners fought according to a distinct "moral vision of war," an array of ideas about the nature of a truly just and humane military effort. Dilbeck tells how Union commanders crafted rules of conduct to ensure their soldiers defeated the Confederacy as swiftly as possible while also limiting the total destruction unleashed by the fighting. Dilbeck explores how Union soldiers abided by official just-war policies as they battled guerrillas, occupied cities, retaliated against enemy soldiers, and came into contact with Confederate civilians. In contrast to recent scholarship focused solely on the Civil War's carnage, Dilbeck details how the Union sought both to deal sternly with Confederates and to adhere to certain constraints. The Union's earnest effort to wage a just war ultimately helped give the Civil War its distinct character, a blend of immense destruction and remarkable restraint.
Yankee Plague
Authors: Foote Lorien
Published: May 2017

During the winter of 1864, more than 3,000 Federal prisoners of war escaped from Confederate prison camps into South Carolina and North Carolina, often with the aid of local slaves. Their flight created, in the words of contemporary observers, a "Yankee plague," heralding a grim end to the Confederate cause. In this fascinating look at Union soldiers' flight for freedom in the last months of the Civil War, Lorien Foote reveals new connections between the collapse of the Confederate prison system, the large-scale escape of Union soldiers, and the full unraveling of the Confederate States of America. By this point in the war, the Confederacy was reeling from prison overpopulation, a crumbling military, violence from internal enemies, and slavery’s breakdown. The fugitive Federals moving across the countryside in mass numbers, Foote argues, accelerated the collapse as slaves and deserters decided the presence of these men presented an opportune moment for escalated resistance. Blending rich analysis with an engaging narrative, Foote uses these ragged Union escapees as a lens with which to assess the dying Confederate States, providing a new window into the South’s ultimate defeat.
Pressed for All Time
Authors: Jarrett Michael
Published: May 2017

In histories of music and audio technologies, and particularly in narratives about jazz, record producers tend to fall by the wayside. They're seldom acknowledged and generally unknown. But without them and their contributions to the art form, we’d have little on record of some of the most important music ever created. This oral history—organizing interviews gathered by music scholar Michael Jarrett—tells the stories behind some of jazz's best-selling and most influential albums. Beginning in the mid-'30s and continuing to the present, it draws together conversations with over fifty producers, musicians, engineers, and label executives. It shines a light on the world of making jazz record albums by letting producers tell their own stories and share their experiences in creating the American jazz canon. Packed with fascinating stories and fresh perspectives on over 200 albums and artists—including legends such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman, and Miles Davis, as well as contemporary artists such as George Benson, Diana Krall, and Norah Jones—Pressed for All Time tells the unknown stories of the men and women who helped to shape the quintessential American sound.
Prescription for Change
Authors: Kinch Michael
Published: May 2017

The introduction of new medicines has dramatically improved the quantity and quality of individual and public health while contributing trillions of dollars to the global economy. In spite of these past successes--and indeed because of them--our ability to deliver new medicines may be quickly coming to an end. Moving from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, A Prescription for Change reveals how changing business strategies combined with scientific hubris have altered the way new medicines are discovered, with dire implications for both health and the economy.
To explain how we have arrived at this pivotal moment, Michael Kinch recounts the history of pharmaceutical and biotechnological advances in the twentieth century. Kinch relates stories of the individuals and organizations that built the modern infrastructure that supports the development of innovative new medicines. He shows that an accelerating cycle of acquisition and downsizing is cannibalizing that infrastructure Kinch demonstrates the dismantling of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological research and development enterprises could also provide opportunities to innovate new models that sustain and expand the introduction of newer and better breakthrough medicines in the years to come.
No More Work
Authors: Livingston James
Published: May 2017

For centuries we’ve believed that work was where you learned discipline, initiative, honesty, self-reliance--in a word, character. A job was also, and not incidentally, the source of your income: if you didn’t work, you didn’t eat, or else you were stealing from someone. If only you worked hard, you could earn your way and maybe even make something of yourself.
In recent decades, through everyday experience, these beliefs have proven spectacularly false. In this book, James Livingston explains how and why Americans still cling to work as a solution rather than a problem--why it is that both liberals and conservatives announce that “full employment” is their goal when job creation is no longer a feasible solution for any problem, moral or economic. The result is a witty, stirring denunciation of the ways we think about why we labor, exhorting us to imagine a new way of finding meaning, character, and sustenance beyond our workaday world--and showing us that we can afford to leave that world behind.
Equatorward dispersion of high-latitude volcanic plume and its relation to the Asian summer monsoon: a case study of the Sarychev eruption in 2009
Authors: Wu Xue , Griessbach Sabine , Hoffmann Lars
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Tropical volcanic eruptions have been widely studied for their significant contribution to the stratospheric aerosol loading and global climate impacts, but the impact of high-latitude volcanic eruptions on the stratospheric aerosol layer is not clear and the pathway of transporting aerosol from high-latitudes to the tropical stratosphere is not well understood. In this work, we focus on the high-latitude volcano Sarychev (48.1°N, 153.2°E), which erupted during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) season in 2009, and the influence of ASM on the equatorward dispersion of the volcanic plume. First, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate and plume height of the Sarychev eruption are estimated with SO2 observations of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and a backward trajectory approach, using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model Massive–Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC). Then, the transport and dispersion of the plume are simulated using the derived emission rate time series. The transport simulations are compared with SO2 observations from AIRS and validated with aerosol observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). The simulations show that about 4% of the emissions were transported to the tropical stratosphere within 50 days after the beginning of the eruption, and the plume dispersed towards the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) through isentropic transport above the subtropical jet. The simulations and MIPAS aerosol data both show that in the vertical range of 360–400 K, the equatorward transport was primarily driven by anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking enhanced by the ASM in boreal summer. The volcanic plume was entrained along the anticyclone flows and reached the TTL as it was transported south-westwards into the deep tropics downstream of the anticyclone. Further, the ASM anticyclone influenced the pathway of aerosols by isolating an aerosol hole inside of the ASM, which was surrounded by aerosol-rich air outside. This transport barrier was best indicated using the potential vorticity gradient approach. Long-term MIPAS aerosol detections show that after entering the TTL, the aerosol from the Sarychev eruption remained in the tropical stratosphere for about 10 months and ascended slowly. The ascent speed agreed well with the ascent speed of water vapour tape recorder. In contrast, by running a hypothetical simulation for a wintertime eruption, it is confirmed that under winter circulations, the equatorward transport of the plume would be suppressed by the strong subtropical jet and weak wave breaking events. In this hypothetic scenario, high-latitude volcanic eruption would not be able to contribute to the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer.