bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN LAMTORO(Leucaena leucephala) TERHADAP BAKTERI Shigella flexneri DAN Escherichia coli DENGAN METODE DIFUSI SUMURAN
Authors: Yulis Adriana  , Dede Komarudin  , Bayu Barata Nusantara  , Muhammad Sadikin
Published: April 2024

Diare merupakan kondisi buang air besar dengan konsistensi lembek atau cair, biasanya faktor penyebab diare disebabkan oleh bakteri Eschericia coli. Disentri merupakan suatu infeksi yang menimbulkan luka dengan gejala khas tinja mengandung darah dan lendir. Biasanya penyebab terjadinya disentri disebakan oleh bakteri Shigella flexneri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucephala) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Eschericia coli dan Shigella flexneri. Ekstrak daun lamtoro dibuat dengan metode maserasi etanol 70 % selama 5 hari, dan membuat media agar serta ditambahkan larutan bakteri Eschericia coli dan Shigella Flexneri dan didiamkan sampai media mengeras. Media agar yang sudah mengeras dilubangi sebanyak 6 lubang pada masing – masing cawan petri yang sudah diberi tanda dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 75 %, 50 %, 25 %, 10 %, 5 %, 2,5 % , kemudian dimasukan masing – masing konsentrasi ekstak kedalam cawan petri yang sudah disiapkan sesuai konsentrasi nya, lalu inkubasi selama 48 jam. Dan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat bakteri Eschericia coli dengan ekstrak dengan kosentrasi 25 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar 20,66 mm termasuk golongan kuat, konsentrasi 5 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar sebesar 16,33 mm termasuk golongan sedang, dan konsentrasi 2,5 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar sebesar 12,33 mm termasuk golongan lemah. Dan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat bakteri Shigella flexneri dengan ekstrak  dengan kosentrasi 25 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar 21,33 mm termasuk golongan kuat,  konsentrasi 5 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar sebesar 16,83 mm termasuk golongan sedang, dan konsentrasi 2,5 % memiliki daya hambat rata - rata sebesar sebesar 12,83 mm termasuk golongan lemah.
 
Kata kunci: Diare, disentri, Escherichia coli, Leucaena leucephala, Shigella flexneri
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN COST OF POOR QUALITY PADA PERAWATAN PESAWAT WIDE BODY DINAS BASE MAINTENANCE MENGGUNAKAN METODE DMAIC DI PT. GMF AEROASIA Tbk
Authors: Muhammad Husein Rifai  , Selamet Riadi
Published: April 2024

Transportasi udara bisa dibilang sebagai moda transportasi paling aman. Setiap maskapai penerbangan harus peduli dengan kualitas udara untuk mempromosikan keselamatan penerbangan. Dalam hal ini, perawatan pesawat secara teratur diperlukan. PT GMF AeroAsia Tbk merupakan salah satu perusahaan maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) terbesar di Indonesia. Namun, tidak dapat disangkal bahwa cost of poor quality (COPQ) dalam hal perawatan, terutama layanan perawatan pesawat. Pada tahun 2021, Wide Body Maintenance mencatat ada 55031,065 jam sliding manhours selama perawatan pesawat. Dengan munculnya COPQ, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi COPQ tertinggi dan penyebab COPQ, serta menyarankan perbaikan menggunakan metode DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Check). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan Pareto chart diketahui bahwa COPQ tertinggi dari faktor organisasi adalah 48%, dan terdapat 13 penyebab dan 6 penyebab utama untuk memprioritaskan perbaikan. Saran perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan kepada perusahaan adalah sebagai berikut : Sharing season dengan atasan, bawahan dan manajer, pengecekan plan manhours pada jobcard dengan menggunakan metode FIFO (First In, First Out), memberikan report dan reminder agar konsisten dan displin untuk stop barcoding sebelum istirahat, sebelum dan sesudah bekerja.
The economic and social challenges of irregular African migrants in Europe: Questions for theological reflections
Authors: Gyamfi-Mensah F. Gyamfi-Mensah
Published: April 2024

Irregular  african migrants in Europe have increased tremendously in the last few years. With the on-going Mediterranean crisis, migratory flows from Africa make up the largest share of migration into Europe They come in rickety ships and boats, and arrive almost every day at the Southern European shores, most of them fleeing genuine human crisis. The Migration Policy Institute believes there are between seven and eight million irregular African migrants living in the European Union (EU), an increasing number coming from Western Africa, mainly Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal'
A reflection on Pentecostalism and montanism from the perspective of the indigenous religion of Cybele or the great mother of the gods
Authors: Aboagye-Mensah R. K. Aboagye-Mensah
Published: April 2024

The Church of Pentecost (CoP) has been identified as the fastest growing Christian denomination and the largest Protestant church in Ghana since 1989.1 Even though the CoP is grouped among the Classical Pentecostal Churches in Ghana, together with the Assemblies of God (AG), Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) and the Apostolic Church (AC), some scholars tend to describe it as an indigenous Ghanaian Pentecostal church for various reasons.2 For example, Asamoah-Gyadu indicates that - although it identifies with the classical Pentecostal tradition, the CoP has acquired a unique indigenous character, marking it out as different in outlook from, say, the Assemblies of God, whose American imprint after sixty years of existence in Ghana is still quite obvious.3 To some extent, some of the leaders of the CoP also seem to have similar view that the CoP is an indigenous Ghanaian church. Writing the introduction to the ‘History of The Church of Pentecost Volume 1’, Apostle D K Anan, the then chairman of the History Committee, points out that ‘The Church of Pentecost, from its inception, has been an indigenous, a do-it-yourself Church.’4 This assumption agrees with the claims of Rev. James McKeown, the first superintendent and chairman of the CoP that he wanted to plant ‘local species’ in African soil, since he believed that a British oak is more likely to struggle in Ghana.
Charismatic theology of the blood in Ghanaian Christianity
Authors: Owiredu C. Owiredu
Published: April 2024

There are several independent Charismatic churches in contemporary West Africa, where worshippers carry communion wine and olive oil to be prayed upon, and sanctified as sacramental substances and tokens either for spiritual protection or for dealing with various existential problems. However, the belief in tokens is an African phenomenon and not something attributed only to a group of Christians labeled African Charismatics. It is an irony, that while the leaders of the historic mission denominations and classical Pentecostal traditions often dismissed these resources of supernatural succor as demonic and discouraging their use in their sermons and publications, most of their own members secretly visit these prophets who give them tokens and symbols like holy water, soaps, handkerchiefs, olive oil, apotropaic baths, candles, concoctions, magical rings, magical creams and many more. Sacred statements, words and songs can also be considered as tokens. Some scholarly works have been done on African Christian songs. These include Hayfron and Quayesi-Amakye.155 However, their focus is not on the place of the blood of Jesus in African Christian songs.
Metode Project-Based Learning Untuk Menumbuhkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila
Authors: Sabarudin Mohammad , Al Ayyubi Ibnu Imam , Rohmatulloh Rifqi
Published: April 2024

Hakikat Pendidikan yang utama adalah membentuk karakter siswa, dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam adanya usaha dan rencana untuk membimbing pembentukan kepribadian peserta didik secara sistematis dan pragmatis. Pancasila sebagai dasar ideologis negara yang memiliki peran krusial membentuk nilai karakter orang yang beragama sehingga mengakibatkan kecenderungan pemahaman siswa yang terbatas mengenai Pancasila dan kurangnya kesadaran tentang pentingnya nilai Pancasila terutama untuk menumbuhkan sikap toleransi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis peningkatan metode Project-Based Learning dalam mengkonstruksi pemahaman dan penghayatan siswa terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila pada pendidikan Agama Islam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Arrukhshatul ‘Ulum Bandung Barat dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen, instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan tes. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam menggunakan metode Project Based Learning untuk menumbuhkan nilai-nilai Pancasila sangat bernilai positif dan direkomendasikan untuk pembelajaran kepada peserta didik. Sehingga implikasi dari penelitian ini bertumpu pada metode pembelajaran yang menumbuhkan rasa berpikir kreatif dan kritis siswa dalam kegiatan aktif di kelas sejalan dengan teknik utama pembelajaran yang membuat peserta didik untuk selalu berinovatif.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALPHA AND Z GENERATIONS: KEY CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: DUISENBEKOVA MAKPAL
Published: April 2024

This research employs a comparative approach to examine the distinguishing features of the Alpha and Z generations, focusing on their unique characteristics, values, and behaviors. Through a comprehensive analysis of demographic data, social trends, and generational studies, this study seeks to shed light on the key differences between these two generations and their implications for various aspects of society. The research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gain insights into the perspectives and attitudes of individuals from both generations. The findings highlight significant variations in areas such as technology adoption, communication styles, career aspirations, and social engagement. Understanding these generational disparities is crucial for businesses, educators, and policymakers to adapt and cater to the distinct needs and preferences of the Alpha and Z generations in the evolving landscape of the 21st century. This study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on generational dynamics and offers practical recommendations for effectively engaging and accommodating these two unique cohorts.
Lack of technical equipment in Kazakhstani schools and its impact on academic performance
Authors: Iskakov Abylay
Published: April 2024

Technical equipment in schools invokes many concerns when it comes to quality of education. Nowadays, lessons mostly need devices to cover all topic materials which significantly help students to grasp more. Consequently, students, who are provided sufficient opportunities, are more likely to perform better academically. While the observed subject of this research encounters difficulties in equipping secondary education’s institutions, consequences from that scenario affects students’ mentality to work harder for academic achievements. To fully grasp this perspective, the researcher sought quantitative and qualitative data by conducting a survey with close-ended and open-ended questions. It was handy to analyze the most evident trends in people’s opinions. As a result, it confirmed the fact that students were not satisfied with the technical conditions of their schools. In addition, they clearly expressed their discontent towards the issue’s impact on their academic excellence. All things considered, those findings imply the specific areas in terms of technical equipment that should be improved to match students’ needs. Further research should be done on a greater scale in order to combat this problem more effectively.
Академический взгляд на вклад Ахмета Байтурсынова в развитие казахской литературы
Authors: Жанаев Үсейін
Published: April 2024

В этом году Казахстан отмечает 150-летие со дня рождения Ахмета Байтурсынова, выдающейся личности, внесшей значительный вклад в формирование казахской национальной идентичности и культуры. Жизнь Байтурсынова была свидетельством его неизменной преданности своему народу. Как красноречиво описал его известный казахстанский писатель Мухтар Ауэзов, Байтурсынов выступил в роли духовного лидера казахской нации, воплощая стремления и борьбу своего времени. Его многогранное наследие включает в себя роли государственного деятеля, ученого, просветителя, поэта, публициста и ключевого реформатора национального письма. Он сыграл ключевую роль в развитии казахской лингвистики и литературоведения, заложив основу для будущих академических исследований в этих областях. Кроме того, будучи одним из ведущих деятелей национально-освободительного движения казахского народа в начале 20-го века, влияние Байтурсынова выходило за рамки культурной сферы, делая его значительной политической фигурой в истории Казахстана. Его работа и жизнь продолжают вдохновлять и оказывать влияние как на современное, так и на будущие поколения, подчеркивая важность культурной и языковой идентичности в процессе национального строительства.
Navigating the Linguistic Labyrinth: Innovative Approaches in English Language Teaching for the 21st Century
Authors: Arystanbayeva Gaziza
Published: April 2024

The rapid advancements in technology and globalization have transformed the landscape of English language teaching (ELT) in the 21st century, presenting both challenges and opportunities. This article explores innovative approaches in ELT that respond to the diverse needs of learners in this digital age. With the linguistic landscape becoming increasingly complex, traditional methodologies no longer suffice to equip learners with the requisite competencies for effective communication in a global context. This paper reviews the integration of technology in ELT, emphasizing blended learning, mobile learning, and digital gamification as pivotal to enhancing learner engagement and autonomy. It also delves into the pedagogical shift towards communicative language teaching (CLT) and task-based learning (TBL), which prioritize functional use of language and real-world communication skills. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of cultural competence in ELT, advocating for curriculum designs that incorporate intercultural communication to foster global citizenship. Through a synthesis of current literature and case studies, this paper argues for a holistic approach that combines these innovative strategies to meet the evolving demands of English language learners. By navigating the linguistic labyrinth with adaptive and learner-centered methodologies, educators can better prepare students for the complexities of the 21st-century linguistic landscape.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ РОЛИ ПРОФСОЮЗОВ В УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ТРУДОВЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ
Authors: Қойшыбаева Нуршат
Published: April 2024

Социально-трудовые конфликты являются одной из наиболее острых проблем в современном обществе и оказывают существенное влияние на экономическое и социальное развитие. Роль профсоюзов в урегулировании таких конфликтов остается предметом активных дискуссий среди исследователей, политиков и представителей бизнес-сообщества. Данная статья посвящена анализу эволюции роли профсоюзов в урегулировании социально-трудовых противоречий.В начале XX века профсоюзы впервые начали активно вмешиваться в урегулирование социально-трудовых конфликтов, представляя интересы рабочих перед работодателями и государством. Однако со временем и изменением социально-экономической ситуации их роль и значение в этой сфере постепенно менялись. В современном мире профсоюзы сталкиваются с новыми вызовами, такими как глобализация, технологические изменения и изменение структуры трудовых отношений. Они вынуждены адаптироваться к новым условиям, разрабатывать новые стратегии и методы воздействия на работодателей и государственные структуры.Анализируя опыт различных стран, можно отметить, что эффективность действий профсоюзов в урегулировании социально-трудовых противоречий зависит от ряда факторов, включая уровень организованности профсоюзов, их взаимоотношения с работодателями и государством, а также общественное положение профсоюзов в обществе. Важно также учитывать специфику социально-трудовых конфликтов в каждой стране и разрабатывать индивидуальные стратегии и методы работы профсоюзов в этой области.Таким образом, эволюция роли профсоюзов в урегулировании социально-трудовых противоречий является сложным и многогранным процессом, требующим постоянного анализа и адаптации к изменяющимся условиям.
Existe-t-il des topoï spécifiques aux animaux ?
Authors: Ripoll Élodie
Published: April 2024

Are they any animal topoi, or are they merely pre-existing topoi that include animals through anthropomorphisation? The aim of this paper is to extend Sator's reflections on the birdsongs of the fables, which are at once zoological observations, toposemes and typemes. The analysis will focus on the Roman de Renart, the Fables de La Fontaine and the Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux, three sets of short narratives in which the animals at the centre are sometimes the narrators. There are several reasons for this choice of texts: the variety of narrative situations and species represented, both wild and domestic, and a certain homogeneity in the ideological context of each work.

After a preliminary survey of the first Satorbase, I will analyse the narrative and topical treatment of situations specific to animals (eating, noises, migrations) before observing the most frequent topoi (such as tricking the trickster, hunger, an assembly of animals chooses a king or a representative), their narrative configurations and any variations.

This topical examination will provide an opportunity to consider the status of animals in society: do the topoi reflect these changes? do they incorporate new animals? are they influenced by the gradual emergence of pets in the bourgeoisie?
Animal sauvage sauve enfant abandonné
Authors: Jeay Madeleine
Published: April 2024

In a series of medieval narratives in which a newborn child is adopted or abducted by a wild animal to feed and protect, the twists and turns of the adventure culminate in the reuniting of the estranged family, through a process of socialization after a journey through savagery. For some, the challenge of this voyage is access to holiness. In these texts, the topos “WILD ANIMAL SAVES ABANDONED CHILD” stems from two topical situations that it synthesizes. The first refers to stories of which a founding example for Western culture is that of the she-wolf who takes in and nurses Romulus and Remus. The second is the hagiographical account of Saint Eustace’s legend.
El mundo de la fiesta como tema en la pintura costumbrista valenciana
Authors: Olivares Torres Enrique
Published: April 2024

La representación de elementos visuales surgidos de la fiesta del Corpus Christi de Valencia ha servido como tema de inspiración para la pintura costumbrista de los siglos XIX y XX. Autores como Ferrandis, Benlliure, Fillol, Pinazo o Sorolla captaron en sus lienzos estas manifestaciones festivas populares como expresión de una imagen identitaria, idealizada y edulcorada de lo que era Valencia y su huerta. Sin embargo, estas miradas no siempre han sido uniformes y han ido cambiando conforme lo hacía la sociedad, aportando nuevas propuestas hacia lo que representaban. Incluso más allá de la pintura costumbrista o de la propia disciplina pictórica. Su análisis puede ayudarnos a entender cómo una festividad local puede sintetizar, a partir de sus elementos más representativos a través de diferentes disciplinas artísticas, algunos aspectos de lo que se considera ser valenciano.
El arte y la subjetiva construcción persuasiva de identidades múltiples
Authors: Ramon Ricard
Published: April 2024

El texto plantea las claves editoriales de la revista EFÍMERE. Hace un recorrido por los objetivos y enfoque temático de la revista, así como por la política de secciones. La revista EFÍMERE nace con la función de completar el panorama de revistas académicas centradas en comprender cómo se construye el conocimiento desde las experiencias artísticas y las prácticas de educación artística. Plantea las razones que nos llevan a dedicar el primer monográfico al ámbito de la estética de la cultura valenciana, como una forma de marcar nuestra posición y nuestro origen desde el principio. Se parte de una realidad local para valorar todos los locales como elementos universales de estudio, ya que nada hay más local que la experiencia estética frente a una obra de arte.
Degenerate singular parabolic problems with natural growth
Authors: El Ouardy Mounim , El Hadfi Youssef , Sbai Abdelaaziz
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the existence and regularity results for nonlinear singular parabolic problems with a natural growth gradient term \[\begin{cases}\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\operatorname{div}((a(x,t)+u^{q})|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)+d(x,t)\frac{|\nabla u|^{p}}{u^{\gamma}}=f & \text{ in } Q,\\ u(x,t)=0 & \text{ on } \Gamma, \\ u(x,t=0)=u_{0}(x) & \text{ in } \Omega, \end{cases}\] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\), \(N\gt 2\), \(Q\) is the cylinder \(\Omega \times (0,T)\), \(T\gt 0\), \(\Gamma\) the lateral surface \(\partial \Omega \times (0,T)\), \(2\leq p\lt N\), \(a(x,t)\) and \(b(x,t)\) are positive measurable bounded functions, \(q\geq 0\), \(0\leq\gamma\lt 1\), and \(f\) non-negative function belongs to the Lebesgue space \(L^{m}(Q)\) with \(m\gt 1\), and \(u_{0}\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)\) such that \[\forall\omega\subset\subset\Omega\, \exists D_{\omega}\gt 0:\, u_{0}\geq D_{\omega}\text{ in }\omega.\] More precisely, we study the interaction between the term \(u^{q}\) (\(q>0\)) and the singular lower order term \(d(x,t)|\nabla u|^{p}u^{-\gamma}\) (\(0\lt\gamma\lt 1\)) in order to get a solution to the above problem. The regularizing effect of the term \(u^q\) on the regularity of the solution and its gradient is also analyzed.
Polysaccharides induce deep-sea Lentisphaerae strains to release chronic bacteriophages
Authors: Wang Chong , Zheng Rikuan , Zhang Tianhang , Sun Chaomin
Published: April 2024

Viruses are ubiquitous in nature and play key roles in various ecosystems. Notably, some viruses (e.g. bacteriophage) exhibit alternative life cycles, such as chronic infections without cell lysis. However, the impact of chronic infections and their interactions with the host organisms remains largely unknown. Here, we found for the first time that polysaccharides induced the production of multiple temperate phages infecting two deep-sea Lentisphaerae strains (WC36 and zth2). Through physiological assays, genomic analysis, and transcriptomics assays, we found these bacteriophages were released via a chronic style without host cell lysis, which might reprogram host polysaccharide metabolism through the potential auxiliary metabolic genes. The findings presented here, together with recent discoveries made on the reprogramming of host energy-generating metabolisms by chronic bacteriophages, shed light on the poorly explored marine virus–host interaction and bring us closer to understanding the potential role of chronic viruses in marine ecosystems.
A novel human pluripotent stem cell gene activation system identifies IGFBP2 as a mediator in the production of haematopoietic progenitors in vitro
Authors: Petazzi Paolo , Ventura Telma , Luongo Francesca Paola , McClafferty Heather , May Alisha , Taylor Helen Alice , Shipston Michael J , Romanò Nicola , Forrester Lesley M , Menendez Pablo , Fidanza Antonella
Published: April 2024

A major challenge in the stem cell biology field is the ability to produce fully functional cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that are a valuable resource for cell therapy, drug screening, and disease modelling. Here, we developed a novel inducible CRISPR-mediated activation strategy (iCRISPRa) to drive the expression of multiple endogenous transcription factors (TFs) important for in vitro cell fate and differentiation of iPSCs to haematopoietic progenitor cells. This work has identified a key role for IGFBP2 in developing haematopoietic progenitors. We first identified nine candidate TFs that we predicted to be involved in blood cell emergence during development, then generated tagged gRNAs directed to the transcriptional start site of these TFs that could also be detected during single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). iCRISPRa activation of these endogenous TFs resulted in a significant expansion of arterial-fated endothelial cells expressing high levels of IGFBP2, and our analysis indicated that IGFBP2 is involved in the remodelling of metabolic activity during in vitro endothelial to haematopoietic transition. As well as providing fundamental new insights into the mechanisms of haematopoietic differentiation, the broader applicability of iCRISPRa provides a valuable tool for studying dynamic processes in development and for recapitulating abnormal phenotypes characterised by ectopic activation of specific endogenous gene expression in a wide range of systems.
A small target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 in aerial image
Authors: Zhang PengLei , Liu Yanhong
Published: April 2024

Uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography technology is widely used in both industrial and military sectors, but remote sensing for small target detection still faces several challenges. Firstly, the small size of targets increases the difficulty of detection and recognition. Secondly, complex aerial environmental conditions, such as lighting changes and background noise, significantly affect the quality of detection. Rapid and accurate identification of target categories is also a key issue, requiring improvements in detection speed and accuracy. This study proposes an improved remote sensing target detection algorithm based on the YOLOv5 architecture. In the YOLOv5s model, the Distribution Focal Loss function is introduced to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and enhance the network’s focus on annotated data. Simultaneously, adjustments are made to the Cross Stage Partial (CSP) network structure, modifying the convolution kernel size, adding a new stack-separated convolution module, and designing a new attention mechanism to achieve effective feature fusion between different hierarchical structure feature maps. Experimental results demonstrate a significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithm on the RSOD dataset, with a 3.5% increase in detection accuracy compared to the original algorithm. These findings indicate that our algorithm effectively enhances the precision of remote sensing target detection and holds potential application prospects.
Bacterial community profiles within the water samples of leptospirosis outbreak areas
Authors: Md Lasim Asmalia , Mohd Ngesom Ahmad Mohiddin , Nathan Sheila , Abdul Razak Fatimah , Abdul Halim Mardani , Mohd-Saleh Wardah , Zainul Abidin Kamaruddin , Mohd-Taib Farah Shafawati
Published: April 2024

Background

Leptospirosis is a water-related zoonotic disease. The disease is primarily transmitted from animals to humans through pathogenic Leptospira bacteria in contaminated water and soil. Rivers have a critical role in Leptospira transmissions, while co-infection potentials with other waterborne bacteria might increase the severity and death risk of the disease.

Methods

The water samples evaluated in this study were collected from four recreational forest rivers, Sungai Congkak, Sungai Lopo, Hulu Perdik, and Gunung Nuang. The samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the 16S rRNA and in-depth metagenomic analysis of the bacterial communities.

Results

The water samples recorded various bacterial diversity. The samples from the Hulu Perdik and Sungai Lopo downstream sampling sites had a more significant diversity, followed by Sungai Congkak. Conversely, the upstream samples from Gunung Nuang exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla detected in downstream areas. Potential pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genera Burkholderiales and Serratia were also identified, raising concerns about co-infection possibilities. Nevertheless, Leptospira pathogenic bacteria were absent from all sites, which is attributable to its limited persistence. The bacteria might also be washed to other locations, contributing to the reduced environmental bacterial load.

Conclusion

The present study established the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the river ecosystems assessed. The findings offer valuable insights for designing strategies for preventing pathogenic bacteria environmental contamination and managing leptospirosis co-infections with other human diseases. Furthermore, closely monitoring water sample compositions with diverse approaches, including sentinel programs, wastewater-based epidemiology, and clinical surveillance, enables disease transmission and outbreak early detections. The data also provides valuable information for suitable treatments and long-term strategies for combating infectious diseases.
Alpha lipoic acid mitigates adverse impacts of drought stress on growth and yield of mungbean: photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidative defense mechanism
Authors: Mian Naima Hafeez , Azeem Muhammad , Ali Qasim , Mahmood Saqib , Akram Muhammad Sohail
Published: April 2024

Context

Exogenous use of potential organic compounds through different modes is a promising strategy for the induction of water stress tolerance in crop plants for better yield.

Aims

The present study aimed to explore the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in inducing water stress tolerance in mungbean lines when applied exogenously through various modes.

Methods

The experiment was conducted in a field with a split-plot arrangement, having three replicates for each treatment. Two irrigation regimes, including normal and reduced irrigation, were applied. The plants allocated to reduced irrigation were watered only at the reproductive stage. Three levels of ALA (0, 0.1, 0.15 mM) were applied through different modes (seed priming, foliar or priming+foliar).

Key results

ALA treatment through different modes manifested higher growth under reduced irrigation (water stress) and normal irrigation. Compared to the other two modes, the application of ALA as seed priming was found more effective in ameliorating the adverse impacts of water stress on growth and yield associated with their better content of leaf photosynthetic pigments, maintenance of plant water relations, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, improved activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels. The maximum increase in shoot fresh weight (29% and 28%), shoot dry weight (27% and 24%), 100-grain weight (24% and 23%) and total grain yield (20% and 21%) in water-stressed mungbean plants of line 16003 and 16004, respectively, was recorded due to ALA seed priming than other modes of applications.

Conclusions

Conclusively, 0.1 and 0.15 mM levels of ALA as seed priming were found to reduce the adverse impact of water stress on mungbean yield that was associated with improved physio-biochemical mechanisms.

Implications

The findings of the study will be helpful for the agriculturalists working in arid and semi-arid regions to obtain a better yield of mungbean that will be helpful to fulfill the food demand in those areas to some extent.
Mechanisms and physiological relevance of acid-base exchange in functional units of the kidney
Authors: Gantsova Elena , Serova Oxana , Vishnyakova Polina , Deyev Igor , Elchaninov Andrey , Fatkhudinov Timur
Published: April 2024

This review discusses the importance of homeostasis with a particular emphasis on the acid-base (AB) balance, a crucial aspect of pH regulation in living systems. Two primary organ systems correct deviations from the standard pH balance: the respiratory system via gas exchange and the kidneys via proton/bicarbonate secretion and reabsorption. Focusing on kidney functions, we describe the complexity of renal architecture and its challenges for experimental research. We address specific roles of different nephron segments (the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule) in pH homeostasis, while explaining the physiological significance of ion exchange processes maintained by the kidneys, particularly the role of bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) as an essential buffer system of the body. The review will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, which builds a strong foundation and critically evaluates existing studies. Our review helps identify the gaps of knowledge by thoroughly understanding the existing literature related to kidney acid-base homeostasis.
Combining multisensor images and social network data to assess the area flooded by a hurricane event
Authors: Hernández-Guzmán Rafael , Ruiz-Luna Arturo
Published: April 2024

In this study, multisensor remote sensing datasets were used to characterize the land use and land covers (LULC) flooded by Hurricane Willa which made landfall on October 24, 2018. The landscape characterization was done using an unsupervised K-means algorithm of a cloud-free Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) image, acquired during the dry season before Hurricane Willa. A flood map was derived using the histogram thresholding technique over a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 C-band and combined with a flood map derived from a Sentinel-2 MSI image. Both, the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images were obtained after Willa landfall. While the LULC map reached an accuracy of 92%, validated using data collected during field surveys, the flood map achieved 90% overall accuracy, validated using locations extracted from social network data, that were manually georeferenced. The agriculture class was the dominant land use (about 2,624 km2), followed by deciduous forest (1,591 km2) and sub-perennial forest (1,317 km2). About 1,608 km2 represents the permanent wetlands (mangrove, salt marsh, lagoon and estuaries, and littoral classes), but only 489 km2 of this area belongs to aquatic surfaces (lagoons and estuaries). The flooded area was 1,225 km2, with the agricultural class as the most impacted (735 km2). Our analysis detected the saltmarsh class occupied 541 km2in the LULC map, and around 328 km2 were flooded during Hurricane Willa. Since the water flow receded relatively quickly, obtaining representative imagery to assess the flood event was a challenge. Still, the high overall accuracies obtained in this study allow us to assume that the outputs are reliable and can be used in the implementation of effective strategies for the protection, restoration, and management of wetlands. In addition, they will improve the capacity of local governments and residents of Marismas Nacionales to make informed decisions for the protection of vulnerable areas to the different threats derived from climate change.
Identidad profesional docente en escuelas de segunda oportunidad en Chile
Authors: Madero Cabib Cristobal , Mingo Rojas Verónica
Published: April 2024

Este artículo explora la identidad profesional de docentes que trabajan en escuelas de segunda oportunidad en Chile. Utilizando un diseño exploratorio cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 docentes y se sostuvieron grupos focales con distintos miembros de las comunidades educativas donde enseñan: dos con estudiantes, dos con madres, padres y apoderados, una con profesionales del programa de inclusión escolar, y dos con miembros del equipo directivo. La información recolectada se analiza mediante un análisis temático de narrativas, del cual emergen cuatro dimensiones de la identidad profesional docente (IPD) en estos contextos de recuperación de trayectorias educativas: la motivación por educar personas antes que estudiantes, la vinculación afectiva con los jóvenes para asegurar el proceso formativo, la adaptación multidimensional en función del aprendizaje, y la conexión profunda con la propia emocionalidad. Este estudio ahonda en la comprensión de la identidad de docentes educando a niñas, niños, y jóvenes que, a la alta vulnerabilidad presente también en contextos de modalidad regular, le suman rezago escolar. La IPD ha sido poco abordada por la investigación a nivel nacional y también internacional, por lo que los resultados son un insumo para innovar en mejores estrategias de formación, atracción y retención de docentes para escuelas de segunda oportunidad.
Sentido de lugar en estudiantes de primaria en México: Conexiones con el ambiente, la escuela y el hogar
Authors: Ramos de Robles Silvia Lizette , De Alba Villaseñor Karina
Published: April 2024

El propósito de este estudio fue explorar el sentido de lugar de 35 estudiantes mexicanos de segundo grado de primaria como un elemento básico para mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, especialmente en temas socioambientales. Metodológicamente, utilizamos una perspectiva interpretativa. A los estudiantes se les pidió que realizaran tres dibujos: el medioambiente, los lugares favoritos de su escuela y los de su casa. Con base en sus tres dibujos, se hicieron tres entrevistas individuales a los 35 estudiantes. Todos los datos fueron analizados utilizando el software ATLAS.ti y un enfoque inductivo. Para analizar los dibujos aplicamos la interpretación de sus elementos composicionales y para analizar el texto producto de las entrevistas usamos los principios del análisis conversacional. Los resultados indican que el sentido de lugar es una noción compleja en la que no solo están presentes los aspectos biofísicos de espacio y tiempo sino también aspectos psicológicos, socioculturales, económicos y emocionales. Los estudiantes explican la degradación ambiental indicando que faltan normas o sanciones asociadas con el cuidado del medioambiente. Asimismo, el género de los estudiantes como indicador de sentido de lugar, marcó diferencias entre niños y niñas. Finalmente, las emociones, la libertad y la autonomía son tres aspectos importantes que explican el apego al lugar de los estudiantes. En consecuencia, estos aspectos podrían considerarse en el diseño y desarrollo de estrategias de enseñanza que fortalezcan el sentido de lugar
La relación entre ansiedad y rendimiento académico en los estudiantes ecuatorianos de 15 años
Authors: Meneses-Bucheli Karla , Yánez-Arcos Andrea , Carranza-Villarroel Carlos , Zevallos-Polo Diana
Published: April 2024

La ansiedad es un estado mental de intensa preocupación que puede afectar el desempeño de los estudiantes tanto positiva como negativamente. A nivel internacional, estudios recientes muestran elevados porcentajes de estudiantes diagnosticados con ansiedad y depresión. Este artículo analiza de manera cuantitativa la forma en la que se relaciona la ansiedad con el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes ecuatorianos. Se utiliza un modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) con efectos fijos por escuela para estimar una función de producción educativa. Los resultados confirman que, hasta ciertos niveles de ansiedad, los puntajes de los estudiantes mejoran. Sin embargo, una vez que los niveles de ansiedad son elevados –un umbral que es más alto para los estudiantes varones– el puntaje es afectado negativamente. Estos hallazgos resultan relevantes por dos razones. Primero, porque en la adolescencia las vivencias y las relaciones interpersonales tienen un impacto en la formación de la personalidad e influyen en la formación de habilidades cognitivas, no cognitivas y emocionales. Segundo, porque en el contexto actual, marcado por la situación post pandémica, la ansiedad se ha convertido en un estado mental frecuente. El artículo concluye reflexionando sobre la importancia de repensar los procesos pedagógicos en las escuelas, así como de analizar estrategias para introducir la salud mental en el currículo escolar.
Aportes históricos-culturales desde la memoria social mapuche a la enseñanza de la Historia en Chile
Authors: Sanhueza Rodriguez Alexis Andres , Rebolledo Raquel
Published: April 2024

La exclusión de los conocimientos históricos-culturales de los pueblos originarios en la enseñanza de la historia, es algo que se ha constatado en la mayoría de los países con una matriz colonial. A pesar de los avances a partir de la última década del siglo pasado en torno a las demandas de los pueblos originarios, la evaluación de la política educativa en Chile indica que todavía persiste el desafío de desarrollar pedagogías culturalmente sensibles que visibilicen las memorias -cultura, historia y tradiciones- de los pueblos originarios. A partir de estos antecedentes, la investigación se configuró como una indagación cualitativa en un enfoque de estudios de casos cuyo propósito fue analizar los conocimientos históricos-culturales en la memoria social del pueblo mapuche, para repensar la enseñanza de la historia desde una perspectiva intercultural. El proceso de investigación se desarrolló a través de un trabajo de campo en parte del territorio del wallmapu (Chile y Argentina) en el cual se aplicaron entrevistas a lonkos, kimches y kimeltuchefes. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis categorial abierto y dan cuenta de la perspectiva de estas autoridades tradicionales sobre la necesidad de incorporar en la enseñanza de la historia conocimientos sobre el despojo territorial, el genocidio y aspectos culturales que son claves para repensar la enseñanza desde la interculturalidad. Las conclusiones dejan en tensión la monoculturalidad del diseño curricular chileno y la formación inicial docente en contextos de diversidad cultural.
Significados atribuidos a la investigación en estudiantes de pregrado: La experiencia de participación en un observatorio de investigación universitario
Authors: Sáez Fuentealba Luciano , Gerber Plüss Mónica , Figueiredo Mateus Ana , Orchard Rieiro Macarea
Published: April 2024

La enseñanza de métodos de investigación en la educación superior ha cobrado gran relevancia en las últimas décadas, pero aún conocemos poco sobre sus formas de enseñanza y el significado que tiene para las y los estudiantes. Aunque existe una incipiente literatura referida a la formación en métodos de investigación, las contribuciones que rescaten la experiencia y significados asociados con las prácticas de investigación desde el estudiantado que participa en estos procesos son todavía escasas. Este artículo examina los significados y las experiencias sobre formación en investigación de estudiantes de carreras de las Ciencias sociales a partir de su participación en un observatorio en una universidad de Santiago de Chile. Mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido temático, se analizaron seis entrevistas individuales y un grupo focal en los que se ahondó en los significados asociados con la investigación, su experiencia formativa en metodologías de investigación, y los significados asociados con la investigación tras su participación en diferentes actividades del observatorio. Entre los principales resultados destacan los sentidos asignados a la investigación como insumo para la transformación social o la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, se releva también la importancia de la inserción en prácticas de investigación tempranas y la experiencia de participación en el observatorio como un espacio para adentrarse creativamente en la actividad investigativa.
Understanding the Factors Promoting Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
Authors: Udeji Rosemary Nneka , Azike Chidimma Anthonia , Okoye Nelyn Akunna , Aneke Emeka John , Offor Chinazor Cordelia , Oka Onyinyechukwu Uzoamaka
Published: April 2024

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. This review aimed to identify and understand key factors promoting MTCT and assess the effectiveness of current prevention interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases using relevant keywords and approximately 57 individual literatures was reviewed. Studies focusing on MTCT in Nigeria published after 2015 were included. Eligible studies were critically appraised for quality and relevance. Findings indicate significant knowledge gap (such as misconceptions about transmission routes, limited understanding of prevention methods, delay in seeking testing and care and inconsistent adherence to Antiretroviral therapy) among pregnant women regarding HIV transmission, persistent stigma and discrimination hindering access to PMTCT services, and challenges within the healthcare system such as geographical disparities and inadequate provider training. Cultural practices, including breastfeeding and postnatal rituals, further exacerbate MTCT risk. Male partner involvement emerges as a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of PMTCT. Existing interventions showed moderate effectiveness, highlighting the need for tailored approaches. Strengthening multi-level interventions addressing social, economic, and cultural determinants, alongside culturally sensitive approaches and increased male engagement, are crucial to address MTCT and improve maternal and child health outcomes in Nigeria. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating interventions tailored to specific contexts and populations.
PUBLIKASI PEMIKIRAN HENRI MACLAINE PONT DI JAWA
Authors: Mahatmanto Mahatmanto
Published: April 2024

Pada masa kolonialisasi di awal abad XX banyak arsitek yang menulis dan menerbitkan pemikirannya di media massa. Namun pada kenyataannya tulisan-tulisan itu kurang banyak dikaji dalam sejarah arsitektur di Indonesia selain sebagai informasi pendukung dalam membantu memerikan karya bangunannya. Publikasi pemikiran Maclaine Pont diketahui seluruhnya terbit di media massa di Jawa dalam kurun waktu 1916-1936. Masa ketika masyarakat Hindia tengah bergolak dalam menyemaikan benih-benih identitasnya sebagai bangsa yang mandiri. Esai ini ingin menempatkan publikasi pemikiran arsitek Henri Maclaine Pont itu ke dalam konteks distribusi wacana sejaman untuk memberi gambaran mengenai partisipasi wacana arsitektur Maclaine Pont dalam wacana yang tengah dominan di sana.
PERMEABILITY MAP OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Antaryama I Gusti Ngurah
Published: April 2024

Source of information for ventilation design of residential settlement is generally derived from wind tunnel or, recently, CFD studies, which involves both modeling and simulation of wind flow pattern and speed. Yet this is not readily accessible to most architects. In order to gain similar objectives but without involving detailed studies, the present study introduces a graphical method of gathering information about permeability of residential. It describes how the way wind reaches and flows through built spaces and forms (streets, park/garden, buildings), and makes use of access graphs and numerical measures to indicate permeability of a given residential settlement. Since the method is still in the initial development, further study will be required for refinement and validation. Nevertheless, the method can be employed to provide information for ventilation design of low-rise residential settlements, particularly at the schematic level.
Laser Spinning of Bioactive Glass Nanofibers
Authors: Quintero Félix , Pou Juan , Comesaña Rafael , Lusquiños Fernando , Riveiro Antonio , Mann Adrian B. , Hill Robert G. , Wu Zoe Y. , Jones Julian R.
Published: August 2009

The production of nanofibers of bioactive glass by laser spinning is reported. The technique yields a great quantity of free‐standing fibers in the form of a mesh of disordered intertwined fibers. The method does not rely on chemical processing and does not need any chemical additive. It involves melting of a precursor material with tailored composition, which makes it possible to produce nanofibers from materials with which conventional melt drawing techniques cannot be used. Herein, the production of 45S5 Bioglass nanofibers is reported for the first time. The process is very fast (nanofibers of several centimeters are grown in a fraction of a second), without the necessity of post heat treatments, and no devitrification is observed as a result of the laser‐spinning process. The morphology, composition, and structure of the nanofibers are characterized and an assessment of their bioactivity is carried out by immersion in simulated body fluid. This technique provides a method for the rapid production of dense glass nanofibers that can be employed as bioactive nanocomposite reinforcement, as a synthetic bone graft to replace missing bone, or to produce 3D structures for use as scaffolds for bone‐tissue engineering.