bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Functions of Predicative Participles in the "Questions of Kirik, Savva and Ilya"
Authors: Pichkhadze A. A.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the functioning of predicative participles in the Questions of Kirik, Savva and Ilya, created in Novgorod in the middle of the 12th century. The material of the monument reflects the functioning of predicative participles in Old Russian language quite completely. Among the participial constructions attested in the Questions, there are some that originated in the Indo-European era, their distinctive feature being the capacity to fill the valency of the main verb. They include two constructions with verbs of perception, thought and speech – the nominative construction and the accusative with participle, as well as two constructions, in one of which the participle depends on phase verbs or verbs close to them in meaning, and in the second one denotes the cause / reason. The use of these archaic constructions in the Questions is limited. The Balto-Slavic innovation – the participial clause attached by indefinite pronouns in contexts of free choice – is used more widely. The participial immediate anteriority construction has already appeared in East Slavic. The most frequent in the Questions are participial clauses with adverbial meaning. The data of the Questions testify to the fact that by the middle of the 12th century predicative participles had already largely become indeclinable.
The Church Slavonic: Language as a Text
Authors: Panin L. G.
Published: February 2025

The article attempts to approach the scientific definition of that we traditionally define as the Church Slavonic language, often forgetting about those parameters that make it a specific phenomenon and in demand for more than a millennium. Moreover, these parameters are determined primarily by the textual nature of the Church Slavonic language. It exists in the form of texts, always ready to be reproduced, which represent the vocabulary and grammar of the entire history of its being. Apparently, the main hallmark of the Church Slavonic language is the presence of tradition as the main stabilizer of its existence, in contrast to the norm, which mainly preserves and ensures the unity of the language in modern times. The factual material is the data of several masterpieces included in the miscellany of the 15th century (No. 185) from N. Tikhonravov’s MSS collection of the Russian State Library in comparison with the “control” copies.
Space Theory
Authors: Chen S.
Published: February 2025

The author introduces a novel theoretical framework that suggests matter and energy are both converted from curved space. In Space Theory, gravitation is generated by the flow of space, instead of being transmitted by the graviton as in String Theory. This theory also suggests that Newton's gravitational constant, denoted as G, may not be truly constant but could vary over time. The equivalent equation of space is S=Ec2=mc4, and the gravitation of hollow sphere space is Sμν=4πGm=(4/3)π((r+a)3-r3). The Space Theory also predicts that the surface gravitational acceleration of the neutron star Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21) is approximately 8.21924883×106 m/s2.
Functional Morphology and Paleoecology of Pteranodon: A Detailed Review
Authors: Hu Tyler
Published: February 2025

This literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of the functional morphology and paleoecology of Pteranodon, a prominent genus of Pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. By synthesizing recent research findings with classic studies, this paper elucidates the aerodynamic and ecological adaptations of Pteranodon, which was one of the largest pterosaurs to ever soar the skies. The review examines the distinctive cranial features, including its elongated cranial crest and its implications for sexual dimorphism and species identification. Detailed analysis of wing morphology and limb proportions reveals insights into its flight mechanics, suggesting that Pteranodon was adapted for dynamic soaring, leveraging its expansive wingspan for efficient long-distance travel. Additionally, the paper explores Pteranodon's feeding habits and dietary preferences based on dental and jaw structure, indicating a diet primarily consisting of fish and other aquatic prey. The review also integrates fossil evidence with ecological models to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the Late Cretaceous, highlighting the role of Pteranodon in its ecosystem as both a predator and a competitor. This synthesis not only enhances our understanding of Pteranodon’s physiological and ecological roles but also contributes to broader discussions on pterosaur evolution and behavior.
Enzymatic Oxidants, Antioxidants, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Esworthy R. Steven
Published: February 2025

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been actively explored since the early 198Os, starting with the role of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and ischemia in bowel pathology. Since that time the enzymatic components contributing to the pool of reactive oxygen species including , superoxide, H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides and the counteracting antioxidants, catalase, glutathione peroxidases (GPX), peroxiredoxins (PRDX), superoxide dismutases and others have been fleshed out. My perspective on IBD is from the role of the balance or imbalance of enzymatic oxidant sources and enzymatic antioxidants in the inflammatory process. I will present evidence on the involvement of oxidant and antioxidant processes in IBD, based as much as possible, on my experiences with GPXs. This will be about both the immune system and local bowel oxidant and antioxidant systems. As GPXs are generally selenium-dependent, possible deficiencies in selenium uptake in active IBD and the impact on GPX expression is explored. The more recently introduced ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation based pathological process, will be reviewed for its possible involvement in IBD.
The Relationship Between Dietary Factors and Skin Cancer Development: Clinical Relevance
Authors: Black Homer S.
Published: February 2025

Globally, skin cancer accounts for more than all other malignancies combined. Skin cancer imposes a significant financial and societal burden. UVR exposure is responsible for 90% of skin cancer and is a major source of exogenous free radicals. The free radical theory of aging and cancer led to the investigation of polyunsaturated lipids, antioxidants (including synthetic phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids) and ß-carotene as potential modulators of UVR-carcinogenesis. Experimentally, both dietary lipids and antioxidants modified the tumor latent period and multiplicity. Increasing levels of omega-6 fatty acids exacerbated UVR-carcinogenesis in a near linear fashion. However, omega-3 fatty acid inhibited UVR-carcinogenesis. Both types of lipids exhibit the same level of saturation. Thus, the inhibition of UVR-carcinogenesis by omega-3 fatty acid must rest with differential metabolic intermediates that each generate, both tumor-promoting and immune-modulating. Clinically, a low-fat dietary intervention trial has shown that reduced fat intake significantly reduces the occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants and ß-carotene into the complex milieu of the cell with its own intricate and complex free radical defense system has resulted in detrimental responses and antioxidant dietary supplements, as well as ß-carotene, are no longer recommended for the public as a mean to prevent cancer.
The Impact of PFAS on the Public Health and Safety of Future Food Supply in Europe: Challenges and AI Technologies Solutions of Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Adamopoulos Ioannis , Valamontes Antonios , Karantonis John , Syrou Niki , Damikouka Ioanna , Dounias George
Published: February 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants used in everyday products. They pose a significant threat to global agricultural sustainability and food security, particularly in European farmlands. Contamination occurs through industrial discharges, biosolid applications, and contaminated irrigation water. PFAS contamination affects soil fertility, water quality, and food safety, and has broader implications for Europe's food security. This research explores the scale of PFAS contamination, its implications for food security, and innovative remediation solutions. A multi-faceted strategy integrating detection tools, advanced remediation technologies, and policy initiatives is proposed to mitigate PFAS contamination while ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. A significant threat to global agricultural, public health, and food security the AI technologies revolutionizing environmental sustainability by developing machine learning algorithms, predictive statistics, and data analysis tools. Technologies are enhancing ecosystem management, advancing environmental research, providing digital solutions to complex environmental problems, and generative and using AI in Sustainability Environmental Education.
Evidence-Based Research-Oriented Chemistry Teacher Education
Authors: Pernaa Johannes , Haatainen Outi , Aksela Maija
Published: February 2025

Chemistry lacks students. This has led to a shortage of workforce in the chemical industry. There is a great need for skilled chemistry teachers, who are the key agents in inspiring young people into chemistry and solving this challenge. This article describes a novel model program of evidence-based research-oriented chemistry teacher education developed and applied at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The program produces research-oriented chemistry teachers (ROCTs). An ROCT has two professional identities, as a chemist and as a chemistry teacher. Both identities require extensive knowledge of chemistry and comprehensive understanding of chemistry as a science. Therefore, the most important competence of an ROCT is chemistry education research. Chemistry education is an independent research area of chemistry that builds the chemistry educational expertise that binds together the domains of chemical and pedagogical knowledge. This article describes how the development of both professional identities is supported through our current research focus areas, which are sustainable chemistry and modern technology. It will explain, for example, the degree structure, courses and research-based development strategies. Also, the article introduces the ways in which design-based research strategies are conducted collaboratively with the national and international chemical research community and the whole society, including stakeholders such as the chemical industry, schools, teacher associations, and museums. Overall, the novel evidence-based ROCT education program model described in this article can serve as a valuable example for teacher education curriculum development around the world.
Evidence-Based Research-Oriented Chemistry Teacher Education
Authors: Pernaa Johannes , Haatainen Outi , Aksela Maija
Published: February 2025

Chemistry teachers are the main agents for change towards sustainability. There is a great need for skilled chemistry teachers, which are the key agents in inspiring young people into chemistry and promoting a sustainable future. This article describes a novel model program of evidence-based research-oriented chemistry teacher education developed and applied at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The program produces research-oriented chemistry teachers (ROCTs). An ROCT has two professional identities, as a chemist and as a chemistry teacher. Both identities require extensive knowledge of chemistry and comprehensive understanding of chemistry as a science. Therefore, the most important competence of an ROCT is chemistry education research. Chemistry education is an independent research area of chemistry that builds the chemistry educational expertise that binds together the domains of chemical and pedagogical knowledge. This article describes how the development of both professional identities is supported through our current research focus areas, which are sustainable chemistry and modern technology. It will explain, for example, the degree structure, courses and research-based development strategies. Also, the article introduces the ways in which design-based research strategies are conducted collaboratively with the national and international chemical research community and the whole society, including stakeholders such as the chemical industry, schools, teacher associations, and museums. Overall, the novel evidence-based ROCT education program model described in this article can serve as a valuable example for teacher education curriculum development around the world.
Comprehensive Characterization of the Molecular Structure and Properties of Pitch-Like Products from Coal Dissolution at Mild Temperature Using Heavy Solvents of Coal and Petroleum Origin
Authors: Kuznetsov Peter , Budeebazar Avid , Kuznetsova Ludmila , Fan Xing , Jian-Fang Xu , Kamenskiy Evgeniy , Lyrschikov Sergey
Published: February 2025

The chemical composition and molecular structure of the pitch-like products obtained by liquid-phase reaction of bituminous coal with heavy hydrocarbon fractions of coal- and petroleum origin as solvents at a moderate temperature were comprehensively characterized in terms of a new polyaromatic feedstock for needle coke and other valuable high tech carbon materials. The molecular parameters of the pitch-like products were characterized by using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and XPS. Liquid-phase chromatography was used to analyze benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as a carcinogenicity marker, the plasticity was characterized by a softening point. The product obtained using coal tar as solvent was highly aromatic, its aromatic nuclei consisted of predominantly protonated and pericondensed cycles sparsely substituted by CH3 and occasionally CH2 groups. The product obtained using petroleum-derived heavy gas oil as a solvent was less aromatic, its aromatic structure contained mainly protonated and highly alkylated catacondensed chains, which are prone to autogenous surface oxidation at ambient temperature. A remarkable feature of the pitch-like products obtained was that they had a reduced concentration of BaP (up to 40 times less than that in typical coal-tar pitch). In terms of the molecular structure, pitch-like products obtained by low-temperature dissolution of coal can serve as low-carcinogenic polyaromatic raw materials for the production of needle coke and other valuable high tech carbon materials.
Demonstration of Near Infrared Detection Using Intercalated Graphene Photodetector
Authors: Larki Farhad , Dehzangi Arash , Abedini Alam , Buyong Muhamad Ramdzan , Tavakol Hossein , Kameli Parviz , Islam Md Shabiul , Salamati Hadi
Published: February 2025

Here a graphene-based photodetectors with ability to integrate with various energy thermoelectric, electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices is reported. The fabrication of the proposed device is based on magnetic field assisted pulsed laser deposition (MFPLD) for growth of few layers graphene and intercalated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene grown following by a wet transfer of the layers to the electrode surface. The key influential parameter in the graphene growth such as density and smoothness of surface, as well as the plasma plume particles charge type and velocity have been optimized to obtain the best quality of the graphene and consequently improve the performance of the device. For the electrical contacts a tapered aluminum microelectrode (TAM) has been used to improve the detection of photogenerated carriers during the illumination. The results reveal the acceptable wide band response, leading to a responsivity of up to 0.13 AW-1, quantum efficiency of 9.5% and room temperature specific detectivity of 1.27x10+7 Jones at wavelength of 1700 nm.
Principal Component Random Forest for Passenger Demand Forecasting in Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility
Authors: Spanos Georgios , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) is set to play a key role in the future of transportation, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI), a transformative technology with applications across various industries, can significantly enhance CCAM operations. Additionally, passenger demand forecasting, a critical aspect of mobility research, will become even more essential as CCAM adoption continues to grow in the next years. Therefore, the present research study in order to deal with the issue of passenger demand forecasting in CCAM, proposes the Principal Component Random Forest (PCRF) methodology, which is based on AI as it leverages a well-established statistical methodology such as the Principal Components Analysis with a flagship traditional machine learning technique, which is Random Forest. The application of PCRF in four European pilot sites within the EU-funded SHOW project demonstrated its high accuracy and effectiveness.
Prevalence of Hypertension in Adolescents: Differences Between 2016 ESH and 2017 AAP Guidelines
Authors: Carollo Caterina , Peritore Luigi , Sorce Alessandra , Cirafici Emanuele , Bennici Miriam , Tortorici Luca , Polosa Riccardo , Mulè Giuseppe , Geraci Giulio
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective was to assess the differences about the prevalence of high blood pressure values in adolescents by applying the 2016 ESH and the 2017 AAP hypertension guidelines and analyze the relationship of pressure increases with lifestyles and potentially risky behaviors, which in Italy are little investigated.
Design and method: Blood pressure levels of 1301 students aged between 13 and 20 were recorded. Two questionnaires were administered, one related to anamnestic data and anthropometric parameters and a second one, combined with the measurement of blood pressure, investigated the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with lifestyle. Three blood pressure and heart rate measurements were taken and the average of these measurements was calculated. For the diagnosis of increased blood pressure both ESH and AAP criteria were considered. For the definition of the height centiles as well as for the BMI, reference was made to the tables produced by WHO 2007.
Results: The main result concern the greater prevalence of high blood pressure values by applying new AAP criteria (14,8%) than ESH guidelines (7,5%). In our study we found significant correlation of systolic values and anthropometrics variables: weight (r = 0,342) height (r = 0,321) and BMI (r = 0,318) in the entire population. The condition of overweight in hypertensive subjects in comparison to normotensive was evident, while the prevalence of obesity despite being tendentially greater in hypertensives was not significantly higher. Higher SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) values are associated with a higher mean heart rate (88 ± 18 bpm). No significant correlations was found with smoking, height and sex.
Conclusions: At the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in our country, which investigates the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents, after the publication of 2017 AAP guidelines. Results shows how hypertension is not a rare phenomenon in this age group and confirm that it deserves more attention and following studies.
Economic Efficiency in Corporate Consolidation: A Data-Driven Analysis of Merger of Indian Public Sector Banks
Authors: Singh Saran
Published: February 2025

This study examines the financial performance implications of the 2020 merger between Allahabad Bank and Indian Bank, a significant consolidation initiative within India’s public sector banking reforms. Through empirical analysis of pre-merger (2017-2020) and post-merger (2021-2024) data, the research evaluates the effectiveness of this strategic consolidation in addressing systemic challenges such as non-performing assets and operational inefficiencies. Employing paired t-test analysis and financial metrics examination, the study reveals mixed outcomes. While statistical analysis indicates no significant improvement in overall financial performance (p > 0.05), specific indicators demonstrate positive trends, including enhanced earnings per share and substantial reduction in net NPA ratio to 0.43% by March 2024. The consolidated entity showed consistent profit growth post-merger, though a strong inverse Pearson correlation coefficient between pre- and post-merger metrics suggests complex underlying dynamics. These findings contribute to the discourse on public sector bank consolidation in emerging economies, indicating that merger success extends beyond immediate financial metrics. The study concludes that while the merger has achieved certain operational objectives, particularly in asset quality management, the full realisation of anticipated synergies remains an ongoing process requiring continued evaluation within India’s evolving banking landscape.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Long-Term Home Non-Invasive Ventilation: Analysis of a Telematically Controlled Unit
Authors: Galdeano Lozano Marina , Fernandez Arias Carmen , Marin Muñiz Antonio , Martin Pascual Adriana , Matute Villacis Monica , Aldas Criado Irene , Ricou Rios Laura , Rosell Antoni , Muñoz Ferrer Aida , Garcia-Olivé Ignasi
Published: February 2025

Objective: To describe the cohort of COPD patients monitored by Long-Term Home Non-Invasive mechanical ventilation (LTH-NIV), to evaluate the economic impact of the intervention and to determine the existence of clinical or ventilatory variables that are related to the success of the therapy.Methodology: Retrospective observational descriptive study of COPD patients with LTH-NIV with telemonitoring between 2019 and 2022.Results: 68 patients were included, 73% male. Mean age 71 years. Emphysema 60.3% with a mean obstruction of 42.3%; comorbidity prevalence of OSA was 27.7% and AHT 19.5%. Mean PaCO2 before starting LTH-NIV was 57 mmHg; after starting therapy it was 46 mmHg. ST mode with the Resmed® Lumis 150 device. The mean IPAP was 17.04 cmH2O in 98.5%; the mean EPAP was 8.91 cmH2O. Compliance was 7.66 hours and mean leak was 26.65 L/min. In more than half of the patients the PaCO2 was reduced by 20% once the therapy was started, which was significantly associated with a good prognosis. Compliant patients have a lower economic cost. The mean cost of the patients is €8,548 (SD €14,662). AHT was the only comorbidity significantly associated with the failure of LTH-NIV.Conclusions: PaCO2 is not the only variable to be taken into account and specific clinical manifestations, obstruction severity, and certain comorbidities may be critical in determining LTH-NIV indication for COPD patients.
Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Heat Island Dynamics in Response to Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Changes in Bukidnon Province, Philippines (2017–2024)
Authors: Dadole Jecar Tedera , Companion Kristine Sanchez , Albiento Elizabeth Edan , Masalig Raquel
Published: February 2025

Urbanization has transformed natural landscapes, resulting in increased land surface temperatures and the intensification of Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. This study explores the relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) changes and land surface temperature (LST) from 2017 to 2024, using satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel. Results from supervised classification reveal a 50.9% increase in built-up land, from 21,256 hectares in 2017 to 32,099 hectares in 2024, accompanied by a 6.3% decline in woodland. Analysis of LST data highlights rising temperatures in urbanized and deforested areas, with LST peaking at 36.96 °C in 2020 before slightly decreasing to 31.03 °C in 2024, potentially influenced by increased rainfall. However, hotspots of elevated LST persist, indicating sustained thermal stress. The Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) showed worsening ecological conditions, particularly in densely urbanized zones. The study highlights the pressing need for integrating Urban Heat Island (UHI) considerations into urban planning, as elevated urban temperatures threaten public health and escalated energy consumption. Additionally, the research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), emphasizing the creation of inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. By providing policymakers with key UHI indices, this study contributes to climate-resilient urban environments, mitigating heat risks through green infrastructure and sustainable urban design.
A Deep Learning Approach to Assist in Pottery Reconstruction From Its Sherds
Authors: Pinho Matheus , Mota Guilherme , Costa Gilson
Published: February 2025

Pottery is one of the most common and abundant types of human remains found in archaeological contexts. The analysis of archaeological pottery involves the reconstruction of pottery vessels from their sherds, which represents a laborious and repetitive task. In this work, we investigate a deep learning-based approach for making that process more efficient, accurate and faster. In that regard, given a sherd’s digital point cloud in a standard, so-called canonical position, the proposed method predicts the geometric transformation which moves the sherd to its expected position relative to the respective vessel’s coordinate system. Among the main components of the proposed method, a pair of deep 1D-convolutional neural networks trained to predict the 3D Euclidean transformation parameters stands out. Herein, rotation and translation components are treated as independent problems, so, while the first network is dedicated to predict translation moments, the other infers the rotation parameters. In practical applications, once a vessel’s shape is identified, the networks can be trained for predicting the target transformation parameter values. Given the 3D model of a vessel, it is broken virtually countless times for the production of training data, which consist of a large set of virtual sherds. The herein proposed 1D-convolutional neural network architecture, so-called PotNet, was inspired by the PointNet architecture. While PointNet was motivated by 3D point clouds classification and segmentation applications, PotNet was designed to perform non-linear regressions. Experiments using three distinct real vessels were carried out, and the reported results suggest that the proposed method can be successfully used for aiding pottery reconstruction.
Cooling Techniques and Climate Adaptation Strategies for Residential Buildings in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Rafiur , Mamun Md Mohiuddin
Published: February 2025

Bangladesh's need for energy-efficient cooling techniques has grown as a result of climate change and increased energy consumption. This study examines the efficiency of passive and active cooling strategies in lowering interior temperatures and consuming the least amount of energy in residential structures located in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A thorough parametric analysis was used to evaluate a number of cooling techniques, such as evaporative cooling, thermal mass, natural ventilation, and shading devices. Key suggestions for sustainable construction practices in Mymensingh are highlighted by the data, which indicate that proper cooling systems may drastically cut energy use.
Influence of Sulphites and Modified Atmosphere over the Growth and Diversity of Spoiling and Foodborne Bacteria in Poultry Hamburgers
Authors: González-Fandos Elena , Martínez Laorden Alba , Condón Usón Santiago , Serrano Andrés María Jesús
Published: February 2025

Poultry meat is the most consumed worldwide due to its low fat content, sensory qualities, and affordability. However, its rapid spoilage, especially when minced for products like hamburgers, is a challenge. Strategies such as sulphite addition or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) can help control spoilage and microbial growth. This study evaluated both approaches by analyzing bacterial development in poultry hamburgers through total viable counts and MALDI-TOF identification. The addition of 5 mg/kg sulphites had a limited effect, whereas increasing CO2 levels in packaging significantly extended shelf life by reducing bacterial growth rates and prolonging lag phases. The most affected bacteria were aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as Brochothrix thermosphacta. Carnobacterium spp. dominated the aerobic mesophilic group, while Enterobacter spp. was prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic mesophilic isolates, highlighting its role in spoilage. Hafnia alvei was also relevant in the final spoilage stages. These results suggest the importance of these bacteria in poultry hamburger decay and demonstrate that MAP is an effective method to delay spoilage.
Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma: Molecular Pathways, Emerging Strategies, and Future Directions
Authors: Tang Justin , Karbhari Nishika , Campian Jian L.
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid growth, invasive infiltration into surrounding brain tissue, and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, median survival remains approximately 15 months, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatments. Key considerations informing treatment development include oncogenic genetic and epigenetic alterations that may dually serve as therapeutic targets and facilitate treatment resistance. Various immunotherapeutic strategies have been explored and continue to be refined for their anti-tumor potential. Technical aspects of drug delivery and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration have been addressed through novel vehicles and techniques including the incorporation of nanotechnology. Molecular profiling has emerged as an important tool to individualize treatment where applicable, and to identify patient populations with the most drug sensitivity. The goal of this review is to describe the spectrum of potential GBM therapeutic targets, and to provide an overview of key trial outcomes. Altogether, the progress of clinical and preclinical work must be critically evaluated in order to develop therapies for GBM with the strongest therapeutic efficacy.
Adaptation and Validation of Psychological Assessment Questionnaires Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis: A Tutorial for Planning and Reporting Analysis
Authors: Ramírez Andrés , Burgos-Benavides Luis , Sinchi Hugo , Quito-Calle Jessica Vanessa , Herrero Díez Francisco , Rodríguez-Díaz Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

This article aims to review the linguistic adaptation and psychometric validation of psychological assessment instruments through a narrative review. Linguistic adaptation involves translating and culturally adjusting instruments to fit the target population, while psychometric validation assesses reliability using indicators such as Cronbach's Alpha (α≥0.70) and McDonald's Omega (ω≥0.70). Additional reliability measures include Guttman's Lambda (λ≥ 0.70) and Composite Reliability (CR≥ 0.70). Validity is evaluated through the Average Variance Extracted (AVE≥ 0.50) and the Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT≤ 0.85). Model fit is assessed using indices such as CFI (≥ 0.90), TLI (≥ 0.90), NFI (≥ 0.90), NNFI (≥ 0.90), RFI (≥ 0.90), IFI (≥ 0.90), GFI (≥ 0.90), AGFI (≥ 0.90), PGFI (≥ 0.50), PNFI (≥ 0.50), PCFI (≥ 0.50), RMSEA (≤ 0.08 acceptable, ≤ 0.05), and SRMR (≤ 0.08). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is also employed to investigate measurement invariance, ensuring the stability of the instrument across different groups.
Differences in Port Pricing Strategies: Case of Port and Fairway Fees in Northern Baltic Sea Countries
Authors: Hunt Tõnis , Tapaninen Ulla , Kotta Jonne
Published: February 2025

Ports and waterways are integral components of the maritime transport system, facilitating global trade and logistics. Governments, ports, and service providers levy charges on vessels for the use of fairways, port access, and associated services. This study analyzes the port and fairway fee strategies of seven major Baltic Sea ports across four countries: Estonia (Tallinn and Sillamäe), Latvia (Riga and Ventspils), Finland (Helsinki and HaminaKotka), and Sweden (Stockholm). The analysis evaluates the application of general port pricing principles in these ports' strategies. The findings reveal that port fees are predominantly value-based, with tariff rates varying by vessel type and cargo. However, no uniform structure exists for fairway fees. Notably, incorporating environmental components into fairway fee calculations emerges as a promising mechanism to promote sustainability in maritime transport. By incentivizing the adoption of environmentally friendly vessels through differentiated fee structures, ports and policymakers can accelerate the transition toward greener shipping practices. This study highlights the role of economic instruments in advancing environmental objectives and emphasizes the need for a harmonized, sustainability-driven approach to fairway and port pricing in the Baltic Sea region.
A Multi-Head Attention-Based Transformer Model for Predicting Causes in Aviation Incident
Authors: Nanyonga Aziida , Wasswa Hassan , Joiner Keith , Turhan Ugur , Wild Graham
Published: February 2025

The timely identification of probable causes in aviation incidents is crucial for averting future tragedies and safeguarding passengers. Typically, investigators rely on flight data recorders, yet delays in data retrieval or damage to the devices can impede progress. In such instances, experts resort to supplementary sources like eyewitness tes- timonies and radar data to construct analytical narratives. Delays in this process have tangible consequences, as evidenced by the Boeing 737 MAX accidents involving Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines, where the same design flaw resulted in catastrophic outcomes. To streamline investigations, scholars advocate for natural language processing (NLP) and topic modeling methodologies, which organize pertinent aviation terms for rapid analysis. However, existing techniques lack a direct mechanism for deducing probable causes. Bridging this gap, this study proposed a transformer-based model for predict- ing likely causes from raw text narrative inputs, leveraging advancements in long-input transformers. By training the model on comprehensive aviation incident investigation reports like those from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the proposed approach exhibits promising performance across key evaluation metrics, including Bilin- gual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) with (M=0.727, SD=0.33), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA similarity) with (M=0.696, SD=0.152), and Recall Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) with a precision, recall and F-measure scores of (M=0.666, SD=0.217), (M=0.610, SD=0.211), (M=0.618, SD=0.192) for rouge-1, (M=0.488, SD=0.264), (M=0.448, SD=0.257), M=0.452, SD=0.248) for rouge-2 and (M=0.602, SD=0.241), (M=0.553, SD=0.235), (M=0.5560, SD=0.220) for rouge-L, respectively. This demonstrates its potential to expedite investigations by promptly identifying probable causes from analysis narratives, thus bolstering aviation safety protocols
Visualising and Valuing Urban Agriculture for Land Use Planning: A Critical GIS Analysis of Sydney and Neighbouring Regions
Authors: Zeunert Joshua , Hawken Scott , Gowers Josh
Published: February 2025

Loss of a city’s agricultural lands due to land use change through urban development is a global problem, as local food production is an essential green infrastructure for intergenerational sustainability. Like many cities, much of Sydney’s rapid urban development occurs on land previously used for food production. Sydney has one of the highest rates of urban growth among Western cities and a planning strategy that marginalises its agricultural productivity. To better understand and advocate for Sydney’s capacity for food production we explore the best available datasets containing agricultural capacity using a critical GIS approach. Employing various spatial-data visualisations to contextualise agricultural production, we examine agricultural capacity in Sydney and comparable regions along the eastern coast of NSW. Through this approach we interrogate the notion that Sydney’s metropolitan landscape is unsuited to agriculture, thereby challenging current development and planning orthodoxy and policy. In doing so we ask the question “what is Sydney’s inherent capacity for agriculture?”. We find that despite current arguments, Sydney is well suited for agriculture and comparable with other coastal regions in the state. While acknowledging the complexities of metropolitan land use dynamics, we argue for better use and promotion of existing agricultural datasets to guide future planning policy and to advance food security in the region and to ensure long term sustainability.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Ultra-Low Temperature Crack-Resistant Modified Hydraulic Asphalt Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhang Yonghan , Ma Lintao , Zhang Peng , Qi Cong , Xia Shifa , Zhang Wenhui , Shi Lina
Published: February 2025

Numerous factors affect modified asphalt's performance, and it would take a long time to develop modified asphalt that satisfies the needs of ultra-low temperature conditions using traditional procedures. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) allows for the quick development of crack-resistant modified asphalt under multiple variables. This study uses the brittle point as the indicator response value for crack resistance. The Box-Behnken model is utilized for the experimental design involving modifiers, stabilizers, and compatibilizers. A predictive model for the brittle point has been created through regression analysis, achieving a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.9897. Based on this model, modified asphalt samples were produced by adjusting the modifier dosage. The low-temperature crack resistance and tensile properties were assessed through brittle point tests and tensile elongation tests. The findings indicate that increasing the modifier dosage significantly lowers the asphalt's brittle point and enhances its cohesive energy, thereby improving the crack resistance and durability of asphalt concrete in low-temperature conditions. To further validate these results, the impact of modified asphalt on concrete performance was examined in terms of water stability, permeability, slope flow, and freeze-thaw tests. The results showed that the freeze-fracture temperature of the concrete reached -46.7°C, while the asphalt's brittle point was -37.6°C. The high-temperature slope flow value was 0.473, which is below the standard requirement. Other performance indicators were also highly satisfactory. Thus, designing asphalt formulations using Response Surface Methodology is a viable approach.
Metabolomics Provide New Insights into Mechanisms of Wolbachia-Induced Plant Defense in Cotton Mites
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Wang Sha , Wei Qianchen , Zhao Kedi , Liu Feng , Zhao Yiying
Published: February 2025

Endosymbiotic bacteria play a significant role in the co-evolution of insects and plants. However, whether they induce, activate, or inhibit host plant defense responses remains unclear. In this study, non-targeted metabolomic sequencing was performed on cotton leaves infested with Wolbachia-infected and uninfected spider mites using parthenogenetic backcrossing and antibiotic treatment methods. A total of 55 differential metabolites were identified, which involved lipids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed seven significantly enriched metabolic pathways. Among them, flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism showed extremely significant differences. In Wolbachia infected cotton leaves, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly upregulated, including quercetin and myricetin, suggesting that the plant produces more secondary metabolites to enhance its defense capability. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and sn-glycerol-3- phosphoethanolamine (PE) were significantly downregulated, suggesting that Wolbachia may impair the integrity and function of plant cell membranes. The downregulation of lysine and the upregulation of L-malic acid indicated that Wolbachia infection may shorten the lifespan of spider mites. At various developmental stages of the spider mites, Wolbachia infection increased the expression of detoxification metabolism related genes, including gene families such as cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, and ABC transporters, thereby enhancing the detoxification capability of the host spider mite. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the mechanisms by which endosymbiotic bacteria induce plant defense responses and expands the theoretical framework of insect-plant co-evolution.
Breeding of Solanaceous Crops Using AI: Machine and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Gerakari Maria , Katsileros Anastasios , Kleftogianni Konstantina , Tani Eleni , Bebeli Penelope J. , Papasotiropoulos Vasileios
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has become an essential tool in modern agriculture, revolutionizing traditional practices and offering sustainable solutions to critical challenges, such as climate change, population growth, and resource scarcity. Through advanced algorithms and predictive models, ML and DL enhance precise genomic selection (GS), trait characterization, and the acceleration of crop breeding processes. These technologies facilitate the identification and optimization of key traits, including increased yield, improved quality, pest resistance, and tolerance to extreme climatic conditions. Additionally, ML-driven tools support gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, contributing to the development of resilient and adaptable crops. By leveraging big data analytics and omic technologies, they provide valuable insights into linking genetic and phenotypic data, fostering the development of sustainable agricultural practices. This research explores the transformative potential of AI, particularly ML and DL, in Solanaceous crops by developing advanced breeding strategies to address challenges posed by climate change and rapid population growth. Furthermore, this study highlights the significant role of these technologies in creating novel crop varieties that are resilient to environmental stressors, while exhibiting superior agronomic and quality traits. AI and its applications, such as ML and DL, contribute to the genetic improvement of Solanaceous crops, strengthening agricultural resilience, ensuring food security, and promoting environmental sustainability
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Management in the Community
Authors: Park Yongsoo , Ko Kyung Soo , Rhee Byung Doo
Published: February 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has frequently been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dyslipidemia, all of which are shared by increased insulin resistance. It has become the most common liver disorder in Korea as well as in developed countries and, therefore, is associated with increased health burden of morbidity and mortality. It has an association with T2D, and T2D increases the risk of cirrhosis and related complications. NAFLD encompasses a disease continuum from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is characterized by faster fibrosis progression. Although its liver-related complication is estimated to be, at most, 10%, it will be a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma soon in Korea. Although the main causes of death in people with NAFLD are cardiovascular disease and extra-hepatic malignancy, advanced liver fibrosis is a key prognostic marker for liver-related outcomes, and can be assessed with combinations of non-invasive tests in the community. Numbers of components of metabolic syndrome involved could be another important prognostic information of NAFLD assessed easily in the routine care of the community. There is a few approved therapy for NAFLD, although several drugs including antioxidants attracts practitioners’ attention. Because of the modest effect of the present therapeutics, let alone complex pathophysiology and substantial heterogeneity of disease phenotypes, combination treatment is a viable option for many patients with NAFLD in the Korean community. Comprehensive approach taking healthy lifestyle and weight reduction into account remain a mainstay to the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Successful Bone Marrow Stroma Transplantation Is Enabled by Preliminary Recipient’s Stromal Compartment Injury
Authors: Bigildeev Aleksei E , Bigildeev Evgeny A , Boulygina Eugenia S , Tsygankova Svetlana V , Gusakova Mariia S , Illarionova Olga I
Published: February 2025

Transplantability of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a stable engraftment and participation in physiological renewal of bone marrow (BM) stroma remains an open question. We hypothesized that a necessary condition for successful MSC transplantation is the prior significant damage to the recipient’s BM stroma. To test this, BM derived from male B10 mice was injected intravenously into syngeneic female mice irradiated with 6.5 Gy and 13 Gy, and unirradiated individuals. We measured donor chimerism 30 days after irradiation in recipients’ bones by RQ-PCR and in BM CFU-Fs by ddPCR. The ratio of PCR signals from single-copy Y chromosome-linked Prssly gene and autosomal Gapdh gene was used to determine donor chimerism. None of the non-irradiated recipients had donor cells in the subpopulation under study. In the group of recipients irradiated at a dose of 6.5 Gy, donor cells were detected at 0.16% in BM of only one animal. Increasing the radiation dose resulted in a significant increase in donor chimerism among BM stromal cells: it was 11% and 14% in two survived animals of this group. Donor chimerism in the bones of unirradiated recipients was not observed in any of the 15 samples. It was detected in only 2/18 bones of recipients irradiated with 6.5 Gy (0.8% and 1%). The median donor chimerism in bones of recipients irradiated with 13 Gy was 15%. We conclude that the condition for successful engraftment of donor stromal progenitor cells is prior damage to the recipient's BM stroma.
Studies on Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) of Western Himalaya – Rediscovery of Little-Known Impatiens reidii Hook.f. After 138 Years of Type Collection, Reinstating Impatiens inayatii Hook.f. and Merging Impatiens scullyi Hook.f. with Impatiens tingens Edgew
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Adamowski Wojciech , Begum S. Noorunnisa
Published: February 2025

Impatiens reidii Hook.f. a rare presumed extinct and Kumaon endemic species only known from its type collection in 1886 is rediscovered from its type locality after a gap of 138 years. The identity of historically ambiguous name I. tingens is reinvestigated based on studies of literature, type specimens and recollection of live material from the type locality that confirmed the name I. tingens is conspecific with I. scullyi and thus latter name is synonymised. Impatiens inayatii, another little-known species described by Hooker as endemic to Kali valley, Kumaon currently treated as a synonym of Impatiens bicornuta is recollected from near the type locality after 124 years, our recollection confirms its identity as a totally distinct species from section Urticifoliae S.Akiyama & H.Ohba thus reinstating name I. inayatii. Augmented description for all three species is provided with information on their botanical history, species etymology, key identification characteristics, distribution, phenology, ecology and first photographic documentation of I. reidii and I. inayatii. Also, lectotypes are designated for the names I. reidii and I. tingens.