bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Transient Discrete Element Method‐Based Virtual Experimental Blast Furnace Model
Authors: Hou Qinfu , E Dianyu , Kuang Shibo , Yu Aibing
Published: March 2020

Intensive heat and mass transfer between continuum fluids and discrete particulate materials occur in the current working‐horse blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process. To optimize the operation, its energy efficiency and sustainability, discrete particle models are very helpful when they are incorporated with flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reaction models. Herein, a transient discrete element method‐based virtual BF model is developed through scaling. The scaled model simulates the process significantly faster and makes it practical to track the whole process of iron ore reduction from burden charge to the cohesive zone (CZ). The model is applied to an experimental BF and the predictions are tested against available experimental results and those of computational fluid dynamics models. The results demonstrate that the scaled virtual BF model can reasonably predict in‐furnace flow state, temperature distribution, iron ore reduction, and the characteristics of the CZ. The particle‐scale BF model provides detailed information of particle motion, temperature, and chemical reactions, enabling fundamental understanding and further optimization and control of the process. The scaled BF model can be extended to study the effects of raw material properties and operation parameters on BF performance.
Experimental study on the seismic performance of novel precast reinforced concrete grid moment‐resisting frames
Authors: Fan Jia‐jun , Wu Gang , Xu Ao‐lin , Feng De‐cheng , Chen Zhi‐peng
Published: March 2020

A new structure named reinforced concrete grid moment‐resisting frame (RC‐GMRF) have been adopted in high‐rise buildings in China. However, complex construction due to numerous beam‐column joints restricts the application of this structure. A novel precast reinforced concrete GMRF (PC‐GMRF) is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Three specimens, including one traditional reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame (RC‐MRF) as reference, were tested under reverse cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic performance. All three specimens were designed using the same amount of construction material. The experimental results showed that PC‐GMRF exhibited comparable seismic performance with that of RC‐GMRF. The load‐carrying capacity, initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity were improved by an average of 43%, 29%, and 21%, respectively, compared with those of RC‐MRF. This study indicated that the performance of PC‐GMRF was acceptable and could be used in the moment‐resisting frame as a novel structure.
Transforming Candida hispaniensis, a promising oleaginous and flavogenic yeast
Authors: Morin Nicolas , Czerwiec Quentin , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Neuvéglise Cécile , Rossignol Tristan
Published: March 2020

Candida hispaniensis is an oleaginous yeast with a great potential for production of single cell oil according to its naturally high lipid accumulation capacity. Its unusual small genome size trait is also attractive for fundamental research on genome evolution. Our physiological study suggests a great potential for lipid production, reaching 224 mg/g of cell dry weight in glucose minimum medium. C. hispaniensis is also able to secrete up to 34.6 mg/L of riboflavin promising further riboflavin production improvements by cultivation optimization and genetic engineering. However, while its genome sequence has been released very recently, no genetic tools have been described up to now for this yeast limiting its use for fundamental research and for exploitation in an industrial biotechnology. We report here the first genetic modification of C. hispaniensis by introducing a heterologous invertase allowing the growth on sucrose using a biolistic transformation approach using a dedicated vector.

The first genetic tool and transformation method developed here appear as a proof of concept, and while it would benefit from further optimization, heterogeneous expression of invertase allows for metabolism of an additional sugar and shows heterologous enzyme production capacity.
Introduction
Authors: Echeverría Gabriel
Published: March 2020

Irregularity is a juridical status that describes the relation between a migrant and one or more states. As a social phenomenon, it does not derive from the migrations themselves, rather, it is the result “of the existence of a structural tension between the social preconditions and the political preconditions” that support them (Sciortino, 2007). The social space, following this interpretation, is the scenario where two different and opposed logics interact. On the one hand, there is the logic of free movement of people and goods that is favoured by socio-economic forces like the market-economy, globalization or transnationalism. On the other hand, there is the logic of the states, political-juridical constructions, historically and ideologically differentiated, that claim the power to delimit the space and to regulate the movement of factors across it. Irregularity would then be the result of the clash between these two logics that determine a numerical difference between the migrants that move across the geographical space, established by the first logic, and the migrants who are allowed to do that, established by the second logic.
Exotic spin-dependent forces from a hidden sector
Authors: Costantino Alexandria , Fichet Sylvain , Tanedo Philip
Published: March 2020

Abstract

New dynamics from hidden sectors may manifest as long-range forces between visible matter particles. The well-known case of Yukawa-like potentials occurs via the exchange of a single virtual particle. However, more exotic behavior is also possible. We present three classes of exotic potentials that are generated by relativistic theories: (i) quantum forces from the loop-level exchange of two virtual particles, (ii) conformal forces from a conformal sector, and (iii) emergent forces from degrees of freedom that only exist in the infrared regime of the theory. We discuss the complementarity of spin-dependent force searches in an effective field theory framework. We identify well-motivated directions to search for exotic spin-dependent forces.
A note on $$\varvec{H^1-BMO}$$ duality
Authors: Osękowski Adam
Published: March 2020

We establish an estimate related to the$$H^1-BMO$$H1-BMOduality in the dyadic setting. Specifically, for any Hilbert space$${\mathcal {H}}$$Hover$${\mathbb {R}}$$Rand any functions$$\varphi ,\,\psi :{\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathcal {H}}$$φ,ψ:R→H, we have$$\begin{aligned} \mathop {\int }\limits _{{\mathbb {R}}} \varphi \cdot \psi \,\text{ d }u\le \sqrt{2}\Vert \varphi \Vert _{H^1}\Vert \psi \Vert _{BMO}. \end{aligned}$$∫Rφ·ψdu≤2‖φ‖H1‖ψ‖BMO.The constant$$\sqrt{2}$$2is the best possible. The proof rests on the existence of a certain special function enjoying appropriate size and concavity requirements.
Antimicrobial activity of goat’s milk fermented by single strain of kefir grain microflora
Authors: Biadała Agata , Szablewski Tomasz , Lasik-Kurdyś Małgorzata , Cegielska-Radziejewska Renata
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial properties of bioactive compounds released during the fermentation of goat’s milk by selected bacterial strains that are part of the kefir grain microflora. The material used in the experiments was kefir grain microflora (Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefirgranum DSM 10550, Lactobacillus kefiri PCM 2501, Lactobacillus parakefiri DSM 10551, Lactobacillus brevis PCM 488, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis PCM 2611), goat’s and cow’s milk and whey from these kinds of milk. The antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli, Salmonella, Micrococcus luteus and Proteus mirabilis. Based on the experiments, it was found that during the fermentation of whey and goat's milk, bioactive substances were released, which inhibit the growth of indicator microorganisms by up to 8 logarithmic cycles.
Correction to: Physical evaluation of an ultra-high-resolution CT scanner
Authors: Oostveen Luuk J. , Boedeker Kirsten L. , Brink Monique , Prokop Mathias , de Lange Frank , Sechopoulos Ioannis
Published: March 2020

The original version of this article, published on 10 February 2019, unfortunately contained a mistake. The axes of the graphs in Fig. 3 are incorrect. The correct figure is given below. Therefore, the last two sentences in “Results,” section “Noise,” should read: “The peak frequency of the HR and SHR was 0.21 lp/mm. For the NR mode and the MDCT, the peak frequencies were 0.17 lp/mm and 0.21 lp/mm, respectively.”
Heart rate variability as a measure of mental stress in surgery: a systematic review
Authors: The Anne-Fleur , Reijmerink Iris , van der Laan Maarten , Cnossen Fokie
Published: March 2020

Purpose

There is increasing interest in the use of heart rate variability (HRV) as an objective measurement of mental stress in the surgical setting. To identify areas of improvement, the aim of our study was to review current use of HRV measurements in the surgical setting, evaluate the different methods used for the analysis of HRV, and to assess whether HRV is being measured correctly.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). 17 studies regarding HRV as a measurement of mental stress in the surgical setting were included and analysed.

Results

24% of the studies performed long-term measurements (24 h and longer) to assess the long-term effects of and recovery from mental stress. In 24% of the studies, artefact correction took place.

Conclusions

HRV showed to be a good objective assessment method of stress induced in the workplace environment: it was able to pinpoint stressors during operations, determine which operating techniques induced most stress for surgeons, and indicate differences in stress levels between performing and assisting surgery. For future research, this review recommends using singular guidelines to standardize research, and performing artefact correction. This will improve further evaluation of the long-term effects of mental stress and its recovery.
Local, semi-automatic, three-dimensional liver reconstruction or external provider? An analysis of performance and time expense
Authors: Paschold Markus , Huettl Florentine , Kneist Werner , Boedecker Christian , Poplawski Alicia , Huber Tobias , Lang Hauke
Published: March 2020

Purpose

In hepatobiliary surgery, preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction based on CT or MRI can be provided externally or by local, semi-automatic software. We analyzed the time expense and quality of external versus local three-dimensional reconstructions.

Methods

Three first-year residents reconstructed data from 20 patients with liver pathologies using a local, semi-automatic, server-based program. Initially, five randomly selected patient datasets were segmented, with the visualization of an established external company available for comparison at all times (learning phase). The other fifteen cases were compared with the external datasets after completing local reconstruction (control phase). Total time expense/case and for specific manual and semi-automated reconstruction steps were recorded. Segmentation quality was analyzed by testing the equivalence for liver and tumor volumes, portal vein sectors, and hepatic vein territories.

Results

The median total reconstruction time was reduced from 2.5 h (learning phase) to 1.5 h (control phase) (− 42%; p < 0.001). Comparing the total and detailed liver volumes (sectors and territories) as well as the tumor volumes in the control phase equivalence was proven. In addition, a highly significant correlation between the external and local analysis was obtained over all analyzed segments with a very high ICC (median [IQR]: 0.98 [0.97; 0.99]; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Local, semi-automatic reconstruction performed by inexperienced residents was feasible with an expert level time expense and the quality of the three-dimensional images was comparable with those from an external provider.
Correction to: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol to promote recovery following esophageal cancer resection
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Niyogi Devayani , Ranganathan Priya , Tandon Sandeep , Bhaskar Maheema , Karimundackal George , Jiwnani Sabita , Shetmahajan Madhavi , Pramesh C. S.
Published: March 2020

The original article has been corrected.
Correction to: Theoretical models for branch formation in plants
Authors: Nakamasu Akiko , Higaki Takumi
Published: March 2020

The article Theoretical models for branch formation in plants
Flowers in the Garbage: Transformations of Prostitution in Iran in the late Nineteenth-Twenty-First Centuries in Iran
Authors: Dezhamkhooy Maryam , Papoli-Yazdi Leila
Published: March 2020

The archaeology of garbage project was conducted in 2017-18 to investigate the daily garbage of inhabitants of two districts of Tehran. Among the discarded materials, we recognized scattered evidence of prostitutes’ daily life. Finding such evidence gave us an alibi to work on the historical documents in order to trace the patterns of prostitution in nineteenth-century Tehran. In this article, we configure “the geography of prostitution” and the politics of marginalization in the largest city of Iran through investigating the material culture found in garbage fills, surveying the city plan, photos, written documents, and archival data.
Sensed presence without sensory qualities: a phenomenological study of bereavement hallucinations
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: March 2020

This paper addresses the nature of sensed-presence experiences that are commonplace among the bereaved and occur cross-culturally. Although these experiences are often labelled ‘‘bereavement hallucinations’’, it is unclear what they consist of. Some seem to involve sensory experiences in one or more modalities, while others involve a non-specificfeelingorsenseof presence. I focus on a puzzle concerning the latter: it is unclear how an experience of someone’s presence could arise without a more specific sensory content. I suggest that at least some of these experiences consist in a dynamic and non-localized experience of significant and salientpossibilities. This can amount to the sense of currentlyrelating toa particular individual and, by implication, a sense of that person’s presence. Where an experience of this kind also includes sensory qualities, they are inessential to the sense of relatedness and perhaps symptomatic of it.
Towards Conceptualization of a Household Educational Indicator: Incorporating Externalities
Authors: Das Upasak , Mishra Udaya S.
Published: March 2020

Though education is essentially an individual attribute, its positive externality goes beyond the individual to household conditioned by its gendered and generational features. Further, distributional aspects of education levels among the household members are also important in terms of its effects on its welfare outcomes. Hence, education of the head or highest educational level within the household may not adequately represent the household educational levels. In this context, we construct a household educational index that combines three aspects: distribution of education among household members, highest education level among the male and female members and difference in highest education level attained between generations. The generalised final index is found to satisfy all the axioms or the intuitive properties: monotonicity, anonymity, normalisation and uniformity. Additionally, we examine the values of the proposed indicators against the commonly used indicators including education of the household head and the highest education within the household using a representative survey from India. The empirical results indicate considerable difference between the proposed indicator and these common indicators. We also observe a strong association between our proposed indicator and welfare indicators like learning outcomes among children and having a toilet in the household. This implies usage of common indicators may underestimate the significance of education in terms of its bearing on welfare outcomes. These findings lay emphasis on the significance of conceptualizing a household educational indicator that accommodates the complexities of welfare externalities of individual educational levels within the household.
Sorption behavior of Arachis hypogaea shells against Ag+ ions and assessment of antimicrobial properties of the product
Authors: Staroń Paweł , Pszczółka Krzysztof , Chwastowski Jarosław , Banach Marcin
Published: March 2020

The paper presents sorption behavior of Arachis hypogaea shells towards silver ions and possibility of their use as antimicrobial product. During the modification process of the natural sorbent, equilibrium tests were carried out. Moreover, the possibility of obtaining biocomposite Arachis hypogaea shells/nAg has been determined, and its antimicrobial properties have been evaluated. Additionally, sorption kinetics has been calculated. In the last step, silver ions were desorbed. The conducted equilibrium tests allowed to adjust the sorption isotherm model and determine the sorption capacity of tested material. This process is best described by Freudlich’s isotherm, and the sorption capacity is equal to 12.33 mg/g. On the basis of kinetic studies, the chemical nature of this process has been proved (by choosing a pseudo-second order model for the sorption process). It has been confirmed that the obtained peanut shells modified with silver ions have antimicrobial properties. The tests allowed to obtain 100% inhibition of Aspergillus niger and ~ 98% Escherichia coli.
Measurement, Profiles, Prevalence, and Psychological Risk Factors of Problematic Gaming Among the Turkish Community: A Large-scale National Study
Authors: Ünübol Hüseyin , Koç Ayşe Şenay , Sayar Gökben Hızlı , Stavropoulos Vasileios , Kircaburun Kagan , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated the prevalence, the potential different profiles, and the associated psychological factors of disordered gaming using data from a large-scale epidemiological study (TURBAHAR [Turkey’s Addiction and Mental Health Risk Profile Map Project]) carried out in Turkey in 2018 with 24,494 participants aged 18–81 years. Participants completed a comprehensive survey comprising a demographic questionnaire, Gaming Addiction Risk Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, Personal Well-Being Index Adult Form, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Scale. Latent class analysis showed the existence of eight different game profiles, which differed in relation to the intensity and specific features of the behavior. Results showed that 1.6% of the participants were problematic gamers. Being male, being younger, lower education level, being single, using alcohol and cigarettes, psychiatric distress, positive and negative affect, and anxious adult attachment were positively associated with problematic gaming.
100 Cases of Exercise Addiction: More Evidence for a Widely Researched but Rarely Identified Dysfunction
Authors: Juwono Ignatius Darma , Szabo Attila
Published: March 2020

Exercise addiction is an extensively studied topic in the sport science and psychology literature as reflected by the more than 1000 papers published in the field. However, only about 12 cases were published in the area, which may suggest that there is difficulty in reaching and studying affected individuals. Relying on the Components Model of Addiction, we performed an extensive search on non-scholar websites (i.e. popular media websites) and identified 100 cases that met the eligibility criteria. These cases reflect the several physical, psychological and social consequences that may accompany the dysfunction, as well as numerous exercise activities to which individuals may become addicted. The findings also raise the question whether women are more affected than men, or perhaps women are more open than men to disclose their problem, as based on the four to one ratio of the identified cases. The current work supports the large volume of research in the field of exercise addiction, because either the prevalence of the dysfunction is greater than expected, or people are more open to disclose their problem on Internet sites.
How do BRM-training participants understand non-technical skills?
Authors: Fjeld Guro Persdotter , Tvedt Sturle Danielsen
Published: March 2020

Non-technical skills (NTS) can be defined as “the cognitive, social and personal resource skills that complement technical skills and contribute to safe and efficient task performance” (Flin et al. 2008,Safety at the sharp end: a guide to non-technical skills, p. 1). This paper aims to explore how bridge officers understand and discuss the non-technical skills involved in behavior and performance of participants in Bridge Resource Management (BRM) training. A thematic network analysis is applied to transcriptions of post-simulation debriefing sessions, based on a peer observation system that encourages discussion between training participants. The five skills identified aresituation awareness,decision-making,stress management,verbal communication, andbalanced leadership, all of which are mostly found to be in concurrence with generic theory on non-technical skills. However, for each of these skills, the findings also provide examples of certain aspects where the informants’ understanding stray from generic theory and BRM syllabus. This is discussed as possible clues to domain-specific aspects of NTS at ship bridges, as well as yielding implications for BRM training.
Sustainable luxury: current status and perspectives for future research
Authors: Kunz Jennifer , May Stephanie , Schmidt Holger J.
Published: March 2020

Over the past decades, the luxury sector has been constantly growing; consequently, luxury products have attracted the interest of many scholars. Nevertheless, only recently research has been started to investigate possible relations between luxury and activities in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. This development was overdue: as luxury products often act as industry models, a shift towards sustainable luxury can pave the way for more sustainable mass products on a broad scope as well. Thus, a profound understanding of the mechanisms behind the successful combination of luxury and sustainability can provide insights for both enhancing individual firm success and achieving a shift towards more sustainable products, which is desirable from a societal perspective. To foster this research stream, the present paper provides a systematic literature review on luxury and sustainability in a broader sense, which, based on an inductive approach, identifies the various areas covered by existing research. This allows critical reflection of what is still missing in the ongoing discussions and shows where priorities within research have been set. We identify several major blind spots within extant research and discuss possible further research paths to close them.
Klicken oder tippen? Eine Analyse verschiedener Interventionsstrategien in unzivilen Online-Diskussionen auf Facebook
Authors: Jost Pablo , Ziegele Marc , Naab Teresa K.
Published: March 2020

Unzivile Online-Diskussionen können Einstellungen zu gesellschaftlichen Streitfragen polarisieren, prosoziales Verhalten gegenüber bestimmten Gruppen reduzieren und potenzielle Teilnehmende von einer aktiven Beteiligung abschrecken. Um das Diskussionsklima zu verbessern und die dysfunktionalen Konsequenzen von unzivilen Online-Diskussionen zu reduzieren, werden neben der Intervention professioneller Community-Manager immer wieder die Potenziale zivilcouragierten Engagements durch die Nutzer*innen selbst diskutiert.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren hemmend oder begünstigend auf verschiedene Formen der Intervention von Nutzer*innen gegen Inzivilität in Online-Diskussionen wirken. Anhand einer Befragung von 575 Mitgliedern der Gruppe #ichbinhier prüfen wir den Einfluss verschiedener interventionshemmender und -begünstigenden Faktoren, die wir aus der Forschung zum Bystander-Verhalten ableiten, auf die Bereitschaft, sich mittels eigener Kommentare („tippen“) oder durch die Bewertung bereits vorhandener Kommentare („klicken“) einzubringen.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die politische Facebook-Nutzung, das Gefühl persönlicher Verantwortung sowie die Erwartung einer Verbesserung des Diskussionsklimas die generelle Interventionsbereitschaft („klicken“ und „tippen“) in der untersuchten Gruppe begünstigen. Die eigene schriftsprachliche Kompetenz sowie die Erwartung sozialer Anerkennung spielen lediglich für die Intervention mittels eigener Kommentare eine Rolle; das Bewerten vorhandener Kommentare bleibt davon unberührt. Click-Speech erscheint demnach als eine alternative und weniger voraussetzungsvolle Interventionsform im Vergleich zur Intervention mittels Kommentaren.
Predictors of nodal metastasis in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: A national cancer database analysis
Authors: Ranasinghe Viran J. , Stubbs Vanessa C. , Reny Danielle C. , Fathy Ramie , Brant Jason A. , Newman Jason G.
Published: March 2020

Objective

We present the largest population based study of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to identify risk factors for presentation with nodal metastasis.

Methods

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used for this study. Location codes corresponding to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and histology codes representing SCC malignancy were queried. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with presentation with nodal metastasis.

Results

6448 cases met inclusion criteria. Nodal metastasis at presentation was seen in 13.2% of patients, with the sinus subsite (19.3%) being a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis at presentation when compared to the nasal cavity (7.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed black, uninsured and Medicaid patients were more likely than white and privately insured patients, respectively, to present with nodal metastasis.

Conclusions

In sinonasal SCC, the sinus subsite has a significantly increased risk of nodal metastasis compared to the nasal cavity. Black race, uninsured and Medicaid patients are more likely to have nodal metastasis at presentation.
Just the facts: Organ donation in the emergency department: When you can't save one, save eight
Authors: Hancock Jennifer , Huang Simon , Zavalkoff Samara
Published: March 2020

A 16-year-old female presents to a community emergency room following a suicide attempt by hanging. Prehospital, on arrival of paramedics, the patient was in a pulseless electrical activity rhythm. Paramedics provided advanced cardiac life support for 20 minutes before they obtained return of spontaneous circulation. In the emergency department, she had another 25-minute cardiac arrest with ultimate return of spontaneous circulation. She is now hemodynamically stable on Levophed 0.2 µg/kg/min. Her neurological exam shows pupils to be 3 mm and fixed bilaterally, absent cough and gag, and no response to central or peripheral pain. She occasionally triggers 2–3 spontaneous breaths per minute above the set rate on the ventilator. Her CT head scan shows severe anoxic changes and cerebral edema.
CAEP 2019 Academic Symposium: Got competence? Best practices in trainee progress decisions
Authors: Cheung Warren J. , Chan Teresa M. , Hauer Karen E. , Woods Robert A. , McEwen Jill , Martin Lynsey J. , Patocka Catherine , Dong Sandy L. , Bhimani Munsif , McColl Tamara
Published: March 2020

Background

Competence committees play a key role in a competency-based system of assessment. These committees are tasked with reviewing and synthesizing clinical performance data to make judgments regarding residents’ competence. Canadian emergency medicine (EM) postgraduate training programs recently implemented competence committees; however, a paucity of literature guides their work.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop consensus-based recommendations to optimize the function and decisions of competence committees in Canadian EM training programs.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews of EM competence committee chairs were conducted and analyzed. The interview guide was informed by a literature review of competence committee structure, processes, and best practices. Inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted to identify emerging themes. Preliminary recommendations, based on themes, were drafted and presented at the 2019 CAEP Academic Symposium on Education. Through a live presentation and survey poll, symposium attendees representing the national EM community participated in a facilitated discussion of the recommendations. The authors incorporated this feedback and identified consensus among symposium attendees on a final set of nine high-yield recommendations.

Conclusion

The Canadian EM community used a structured process to develop nine best practice recommendations for competence committees addressing: committee membership, meeting processes, decision outcomes, use of high-quality performance data, and ongoing quality improvement. These recommendations can inform the structure and processes of competence committees in Canadian EM training programs.
SERRE WEIGHTS AND BREUIL’S LATTICE CONJECTURE IN DIMENSION THREE
Authors: LE DANIEL , LE HUNG BAO V. , LEVIN BRANDON , MORRA STEFANO
Published: March 2020

We prove in generic situations that the lattice in a tame type induced by the completed cohomology of a

$U(3)$

-arithmetic manifold is purely local, that is, only depends on the Galois representation at places above

$p$

. This is a generalization to

$\text{GL}_{3}$

of the lattice conjecture of Breuil. In the process, we also prove the geometric Breuil–Mézard conjecture for (tamely) potentially crystalline deformation rings with Hodge–Tate weights

$(2,1,0)$

as well as the Serre weight conjectures of Herzig [‘The weight in a Serre-type conjecture for tame

$n$

-dimensional Galois representations’, Duke Math. J. 149(1) (2009), 37–116] over an unramified field extending the results of Le et al. [‘Potentially crystalline deformation 3985 rings and Serre weight conjectures: shapes and shadows’, Invent. Math. 212(1) (2018), 1–107]. We also prove results in modular representation theory about lattices in Deligne–Lusztig representations for the group

$\text{GL}_{3}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$

.
Red meat and egg intake and serum ferritin concentrations in Colombian children: results of a population survey, ENSIN-2015
Authors: Herran Oscar F. , Bermúdez Jhael N. , Del Pilar Zea María
Published: March 2020

The present study aimed to (a) establish the frequency of consumption of red meat and eggs; (b) determine serum ferritin levels (μg/l); and (c) establish the relationship between serum ferritin and the consumption of red meat and eggs. In Colombia during 2014–2018, an analytical study was conducted in 13 243 Colombian children between the ages of 5 and 17 years, based on cross-sectional data compiled by ENSIN-2015 (Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia-2015) on serum ferritin levels and dietary consumption based on a questionnaire of the frequency of consumption. Using simple and multiple linear regression, with the serum ferritin level as the dependent variable and the frequency of consumption as the main explanatory variable, the crude and adjusted partial regression coefficients (β) between serum ferritin levels and consumption were calculated. The frequency of habitual consumption of red meat was 0⋅49 (95 % CI 0⋅47, 0⋅51) times/d. The frequency of habitual egg consumption was 0⋅76 (95 % CI 0⋅74, 0⋅78) times per d. The mean serum ferritin level in men was 41⋅9 (95 % CI 40⋅6, 43⋅1) μg/l and in women, 35⋅7 (95 % CI 34⋅3, 37⋅7) μg/l (P< 0⋅0001). The adjusted β between the consumption of red meat and eggs and serum ferritin levels were β = 3⋅0 (95 % CI 1⋅2, 4⋅7) and β = 2⋅5 (95 % CI 1⋅0, 3⋅9) for red meat and eggs, respectively. In conclusion, red meat and eggs are determinants of serum ferritin levels in Colombia and, therefore, could be considered public policy options to reduce anaemia and Fe deficiency.
Elrathia hensonensis nomen novum, new replacement name for Elrathia groenlandica Geyer and Peel, 2017 (Trilobita, Ptychopariacea)
Authors: Geyer Gerd , Peel John S.
Published: March 2020

In an article by Geyer and Peel (2017, p. 288), we inadvertently coined a species-group name, Elrathia groenlandica Geyer and Peel, 2017 for a trilobite species of the superfamily Ptychopariacea. This name is a junior homonym of Elrathia? groenlandica Poulsen, 1927 and is thus invalid (ICZN Article 57.2; see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). We therefore propose Elrathia hensonensis new name as the replacement name for E. groenlandica Geyer and Peel, 2017. The new species name is derived from the Henson Gletscher area, North Greenland, the region where the type locality of this species is located.
Primordialism for Scholars Who Ought to Know Better: Anthony D. Smith’s Critique of Modernization Theory
Authors: Maxwell Alexander
Published: March 2020

A theory of nationalism should explain the evidence provided by the historical record, but also provide unexpected insight. The modernist theory of nationalism, espoused among others by Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm, provides a surprising chronology of nationalism’s modernity. The modernization theory of nationalism has attracted extensive criticism from Anthony Smith, who proposed instead a theory he called “ethnosymbolism.” This article considers Smith’s critique of Anderson and then his critique of Hobsbawm, finding that Smith’s objections to modernist theorists rest on mischaracterizations, fallacies, and contradictions. Smith’s approach caters to the primordialism rampant in public opinion, providing scholarly respectability to popular misconceptions. Scholars of nationalism should look instead to Rogers Brubaker for guidance.
The core-cusp problem revisited: ULDM vs. CDM
Authors: Kendall Emily , Easther Richard
Published: March 2020

The core-cusp problem is a widely cited motivation for the exploration of dark matter models beyond standard cold dark matter. One such alternative is ultralight dark matter (ULDM), extremely light scalar particles exhibiting wavelike properties on kiloparsec scales. Astrophysically realistic ULDM halos are expected to consist of inner solitonic cores embedded in NFW-like outer halos. The presence of the solitonic core suggests that ULDM may resolve the core-cusp discrepancy associated with pure NFW halos without recourse to baryonic physics. However, it has been demonstrated that the density of ULDM halos can exceed those of comparable NFW configurations at some radii and halo masses, apparently exacerbating the problem rather than solving it. This situation arises because, although solitonic cores are flat at their centres, they obey an inverse mass–radius scaling relationship. Meanwhile, the mass of the inner soliton increases with the total halo mass, and therefore the inner core becomes more peaked at large halo masses. We describe a parameterisation of the radial density profiles of ULDM halos that allows for environmental variability of the core–halo mass relation in order to investigate this issue in more detail. For halos up to

$10^{12} {\rm M}_\odot$

, we find feasible ULDM profiles for which the central density is lower than their NFW counterparts at astrophysically accessible radii. However, comparisons to observed profiles do not strongly favour either option; both give reasonable fits to subsets of the data for some parameter choices. Consequently, we find that robust tests of the core-cusp problem in ULDM will require more comprehensive observational data and simulations that include baryonic feedback.
Chronology of advance and recession dynamics of the southern Green Bay Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, south-central Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Carson Eric C. , Attig John W. , Rawling J. Elmo , Hanson Paul R. , Dodge Stefanie E.
Published: March 2020

We used a combination of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates, and stratigraphic data from cores collected along the southern margin of the Green Bay Lobe (GBL) of the Laurentide Ice Sheet to provide new information on the timing and dynamics of the end of advance of the GBL and the dynamics of the ice sheet while very near its maximum position. Coring at multiple sites along the margin of the GBL indicate that ice had reached a stable position near its maximum extent by 24.7 ka; that ice advanced several kilometers to the Marine Isotope Stage 2 maximum position sometime shortly after 21.2 ka; and that ice remained at or beyond that position through the time interval represented by an OSL age estimate of 19.2 ± 3.2 ka. The timeline developed from these chronological data is internally consistent with, and further refines, AMS radiocarbon ages and OSL age estimates previously published for the southern margin of the GBL. It also provides new chronological control on the expansion of the GBL from its late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 extent to its MIS 2 maximum.
What's so critical about it? An analysis of critique within different strands of critical gerontology
Authors: Doheny Shane , Jones Ian Rees
Published: March 2020

Shortly after emerging in the 1980s, critical gerontology became a recognised part of mainstream gerontology. Under the umbrella of ‘critical gerontology’ sits a number of orientations that draw attention to how ageing is socially located, while foregrounding the importance of values in ageing research. Nevertheless, as critical gerontology is not a clearly defined field or orientation, inconsistencies in the use of ‘critique’ among critical gerontologists has been fermenting internal tensions. In this paper we draw on recent debates on critique as a form of discourse that aims to criticise a deficient social order with the aim of helping to bring about a good society, to identify four discourses of critique. These include the discourses of immanent critique and of transcendent critique, critique that focuses on tensions between these two, and critique that builds on constructive combinations of immanence and transcendence. We add to these an extra level of depth by distinguishing how critical discourse is applied in each case. We use this framework to identify the discourses of critique deployed in variants of critical gerontology. Here, we distinguish political economic, lifecourse, humanistic and culturalist approaches within critical gerontology and assess how each of these applies a discourse of critique. We find that these gerontological perspectives draw on a variety of discourses of critique and make use of varying degrees of engagement with critical discourse. The paper concludes by discussing how critical gerontology may develop as a reflective forum commenting on and integrating insights offered by its own varieties of critique and connecting these with macro-social analyses.
The Presence of the Colonial Past: Equatorial Guinean Women in Spain
Authors: Aixelà-Cabré Yolanda
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the causes and consequences of the sociocultural discrimination and exclusion of Equatoguinean women in Spain. The starting premise is that a notable familiarity with Spanish culture (language and religion) as a former African colony and a long period of settlement in Spain that dates back to the 1940s should have favoured greater social advancement of this group. However, the fieldwork shows that they have been held back by the marginalised position of Equatorial Guinea in Spain's current collective imaginary of its colonial past, as well as by the socio-laboural precariousness they have experienced since their arrival. Based on the body of thought of postcolonial theory, and from a predominantly anthropological and historical standpoint, this article analyses the heavy burden of social invisibility and unequal economic opportunities that these women carry. The paper concludes that migrant memories must be incorporated into the Hispano-African narrative to create a more trustworthy account of the shared Spanish and Equatorial Guinean past, and that there is an urgent need to implement policies in Spain that promote equality regardless of ethnicity, race, and gender.
Thinking Through the Body: Women Artists and the Catholic Imagination
Authors: Heartney Eleanor
Published: March 2020

Mariology—the veneration of the Virgin Mary—exerts a profound influence on women artists from Catholic backgrounds. Internalizing the mixed signals Mary transmits about purity, female strength, and compassion, they reinterpret the stories and mythologies surrounding her in ways that allow them to explore the ambiguities of the female role in contemporary society while also examining their conflicts about their own sexuality.
Tracking the growth of government securities investing in early modern England and Wales
Authors: Shammas Carole
Published: March 2020

Interest in the growth of tradeable securities in early modern Britain, especially its relationship to economic development and the funding of government debt, has centered mainly on the borrower – whether it be trading company, industrial enterprise, or the state. This article directs attention to the investor, using Charity Commission Reports for England and Wales that document a dramatic mid-eighteenth-century shift by donors and trustees from investments in real estate and rent charges to perpetual government annuities, mainly 3 percent Consols. The heavy investment in this public debt product is what ultimately prompted the creation of the London Stock Exchange in 1801.

In analyzing this shift, which occurred among the propertied in all regions of the nation, not just the metropolis or among corporate entities and the mercantile community, I consider both what made the annuities increasingly attractive for charitable trusts and the alternatives – real estate and private loans secured by mortgage or other means – more problematic. Legal changes, I argue, played a role in the transformation, especially the Charitable Uses Act of 1736, which made charitable devises of real estate very difficult and probably resulted in reduced investment in human capital and less wealth redistribution. Regions varied, however, in the degree to which they switched from real estate in the latter part of the eighteenth century; they also differed in the extent to which the switch resulted in more gifts of interest-bearing loans as well.

Admittedly, the changes documented in this article concern only one type of depository for assets, charitable trusts. The appeal of these annuities, however, could extend to investments needed for other purposes such as postmortem payments to dependents. Moreover, the fall-off in demand for real estate in trusts correlates with GDP estimates showing a steady decline in income from real assets after 1755 and what some have noted in this period as a puzzle – the lack of an increased rate of return on rents and private loans at a time of robust investment in government debt. Most importantly, though, the transition demonstrates the ability of the government to induce a broad spectrum of the propertied population to invest in securities, if the vehicle they offered had the right characteristics, which were not necessarily highest yield or liquidity without loss in value.
Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Gallegos Danielle , Do Hong , Gia To Quyen , Vo Brenda , Goris Janny , Alraman Hana
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To examine differences in eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia, and differences in those behaviours due to the duration of residency in Australia.

Design:

Cross-sectional study using baseline data collected for the Living Well Multicultural–Lifestyle Modification Program between October 2014 and June 2017.

Setting:

Culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), including Afghani, Somali, Burmese, Pacific and South Sea Islander, Sri Lankan, Sudanese and Vietnamese, living in Queensland, Australia.

Participants:

People were recruited if they were ≥18 years old and living in the targeted CALD communities.

Results:

Burmese/Vietnamese, on average, had better eating scores in line with Australian dietary guidelines, compared with Afghani/Arabic-speaking (difference = 2·05 points, 95 % CI 1·39, 2·72), Somali/Sudanese (difference = 1·53 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·28) and Pacific Islander (difference = 1·46 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·13). Association between ethnicity and meeting the physical activity guideline was not significant. Those who stayed in Australia longer than a year were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline than those staying <1 year (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·84). There was no significant association between duration of residency in Australia and eating scores.

Conclusions:

Eating behaviours were significantly different among the ethnic groups in Queensland with Burmese/Vietnamese and Sri Lankan/Bhutanese having the healthiest diets. All ethnic groups were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with the general Australian population. People with duration of residency of at least 1 year in Australia were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with those who had shorter stays.
Suicide Prevention in the European Region
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , O'Connor Rory C. , van Heeringen Kees
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although the majority of the world's suicides occur in Asia, suicide and self-harm are major concerns in Europe as well. Suicide accounts for 1.4% of the total number of deaths in Europe, with rates highest among those aged over 70 and also high among those aged 45–59 years. Europe accounts for six of the top ten countries with the highest suicide rates internationally. Although rates of suicide attempts and self-harm are not consistently recorded, evidence from hospital-based studies and school-based surveys highlight their extent and scale. Numerous countries in Europe have developed national suicide prevention strategies and action plans. Some of the suicide prevention activities in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Scotland, France, Germany, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine, and Italy are summarized. In the chapter we also highlight novel suicide prevention projects funded by the EU which have advanced our understanding of suicide risk and have developed the evidence base for what works to prevent suicide. Examples include the European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD), Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), Suicide Prevention Through Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion (SUPREME), and Reduction of Suicides and Trespasses on Railway Property (RESTRAIL). Future challenges and opportunities for suicide prevention in Europe are also discussed.