bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial output space mapping for electromechanical systems design
Authors: Hage Hassan Maya , Remy Ghislain , Krebs Guillaume , Marchand Claude
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to set a relation through adaptive multi-level optimization between two physical models with different accuracies; a fast coarse model and a fine time consuming model. The use case is the optimization of a permanent magnet axial flux electrical machine.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper opted to set the relation between the two models through radial basis function (RBF). The optimization is held on the coarse model. The deduced solutions are used to evaluate the fine model. Thus, through an iterative process a residue RBF between models responses is built to endorse an adaptive correction.

Findings

– The paper shows how the use of a residue function permits, to diminish optimization time, to reduce the misalignment between the two models in a structured strategy and to find optimum solution of the fine model based on the optimization of the coarse one. The paper also provides comparison between the proposed methodology and the traditional approach (output space mapping (OSM)) and shows that in case of large misalignment between models the OSM fails.

Originality/value

– This paper proposes an original methodology in electromechanical design based on building a surrogate model by means of RBF on the bulk of existing physical model.
A modified immune algorithm with spatial filtering for multiobjective topology optimisation of electromagnetic devices
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Kota , Igarashi Hajime
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– In the development of electromagnetic devices, multiobjective topology optimisation is effective to obtain diverse design candidates for production models. However, multiobjective topology optimisation has not widely been performed because it is difficult to obtain resultant shapes for engineering realisation due to large search spaces. The purpose of this paper is to present a new multiobjective topology optimisation method.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper presents a new multiobjective topology optimisation method in which the Immune Algorithm is modified for multiobjecrive optimisation and a shape modification process based on spatial filtering is employed.

Findings

– The present method shows that better Pareto solutions can be found in comparison with the conventional methods.

Originality/value

– A new effective multiobjective topology optimisation is presented. This method enables to diverse design candidates for production models.
Adaptive level set method for accurate boundary shape in optimization of electromagnetic systems
Authors: Hyouk Lee Kang , Geon Hong Seung , Ki Baek Myung , Soon Choi Hong , Sun Kim Young , Han Park Il
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a new numerical technique, called adaptive level set method, for use with the finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach

– A conventional level set method using the smeared Heaviside function has been employed for shape and topology optimizations. The smeared Heaviside function yields an indistinct interface boundary, and so can increase computational time and cause numerical errors. The adaptive level set method does not use the smeared Heaviside function. To coincide with the material interface, it processes the zero level as the boundary data of element meshing.

Findings

– Usefulness and accuracy of shape optimization using the adaptive level set method are shown by comparison to the conventional level set method. A shape optimization procedure using the adaptive level set method is introduced. Numerical examples are employed to explain how the adaptive level set method is applied.

Originality/value

– The adaptive level set method is proposed to relieve the interface problem of the conventional level set method. Shape variation in the optimization is calculated from the continuum sensitivity analysis.
Mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical truncated cone in a nanofluid
Authors: Pătrulescu F.O. , Groşan T. , Pop I.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical frustum of a cone in water-based nanofluids. The problem is formulated to incorporate three kinds of nanoparticles: copper, alumina and titanium oxide. The working fluid is chosen as water with the Prandtl number of 6.2. The mathematical model used for the nanofluid incorporates the particle volume fraction parameter, the effective viscosity and the effective thermal diffusivity. The entire regime of the mixed convection includes the mixed convection parameter, which is positive for the assisting flow (heated surface of the frustum cone) and negative for the opposing flow (cooled surface of the frustum cone), respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

– The transformed non-linear partial differential equations are solved numerically for some values of the governing parameters. The derivatives with respect to? were discretized using the first order upwind finite differences and the resulting ordinary differential equations with respect to? were solved using bvp4c routine from Matlab. The absolute error tolerance in bvp4c was 1e-9.

Findings

– The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analysed and discussed. The effects of the particle volume fraction parameter \phi, the mixed convection parameter \lambda and the dimensionless coordinate? on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are determined only for the Cu nanoparticles. It is found that dual solutions exist for the case of opposing flows. The range of the mixed convection parameter for which the solution exists increases in the presence of the nanofluids.

Originality/value

– The paper models the mixed convection from a vertical truncated cone using the boundary layer approximation. Multiple (dual) solutions for the flow reversals are obtained and the range of existence of the solutions was found. Particular cases for ?=0 (full cone), ? >>1 and (free convection limit) \lambda>>1were studied. To the authors best knowledge this problem has not been studied before and the results are new and original.
Predicting detailed body sizes by feature parameters
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Jituo , Chen Guang , Lu Guodong
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– Detailed body sizes are prerequisite for made to measure or customized manufacture. Nowadays, detailed body sizes can be precisely obtained by using 3D scanners, however, the high prices of the scanners block the population for such approaches. The purpose of this paper is to provide an economical and accurate data-driven method which can predict detailed body sizes with a small number of feature sizes.

Design/methodology/approach

– First, the representative body sizes are extracted from dozens of detail body sizes by using factor analysis and garment knowledge. Among the representative body sizes, those that are easy to be measured are selected as the feature parameters (FPs). Second, by mining the database of the body sizes, mapping from the FPs to the detailed body sizes is expressed by a combination of radial basis function and multiply linear regression. Thus, for an individual human body, his/her detailed body sizes can be predicted by a small number of FPs.

Findings

– First, FPs which are easily measured and represent the main shape information of a human body are extracted. Second, detailed body sizes can be functionally predicted by the FPs.

Originality/value

– Traditionally, measuring dozens of body sizes for each human body is tiresome and the accuracy of the sizes depends on the experience of the gaugers. In this paper, a small number of body sizes are selected as the FPs which are easy to be measured and can functionally express the other body sizes. Thus, by only measuring the FPs, the detailed body sizes can be intelligently and automatically predicted. This approach is meaningful to improve the intelligence and accuracy of the measurement, so that even an inexperienced gauger is competent to obtain accurate detailed body sizes.
Assessment of the human responses to the influence of personal liquid cooling system in the hot environment
Authors: Bartkowiak Grażyna , Dąbrowska Anna , Marszałek Anna
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– People working in the hot environment are constantly exposed to the overheating, that can lead to cardiovascular disorders and as a consequence result in occupational diseases. The purpose of this paper is to present developed personal liquid cooling system that is able to efficiently draw excess heat from the human organism, protecting against thermal stress.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents study concerning the assessment of effect of the coolant temperature in the developed liquid cooling garment (LCG) on physiological parameters of the subjects (heart rate, body temperature, skin temperature) and parameters of the undergarment microclimate, as well as subjective sensations reported by volunteers exercising in hot microclimate while wearing LCG and without LCG.

Findings

– Obtained results of physiological parameters measurements, as well as undergarment physical parameters and volunteers subjective sensations, proved satisfactory level of thermal stress reduction while working in the aluminized protective clothing in hot environment by the developed personal liquid cooling system for the variant with coolant temperature 19°C and the flow rate 0.9 dm3/min.

Originality/value

– This paper presents a new clothing construction intended for LCG that can efficiently support human thermoregulation processes while working in the hot environment.
Energy-based optimal darted pattern for garment design
Authors: Fang Jing-Jing , Ding Yu
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to find the pattern with minimal deformation energy while developing from 3D designed garments. Moreover, darts are generated to further reduce deformation energy. The aims of the energy-based flattening method are to reduce the difference between 3D designed garments and 2D flattened patterns in an accurate and efficient way.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study uses a mass spring method and iterative optimization to analyze pattern contours with minimal contour deformation while flattening three dimensional draping designs into a plane. Darts are generated to further reduce distortion during surface flattening and the energy method is introduced to verify that the analysis results obtained match the garment darts provided by the Bunka formula which is currently widely used in East Asia.

Findings

– An efficient method for generating optimal darted pattern is presented. It compares the important factors of darts, including position, length and amount. After iterative optimization and darts generation, the maximum energy reduction is about 30 percent.

Originality/value

– This study provides an aggregate to analyze and compare the differences between different patterns and conduct a verification comparison with traditional pattern formula.
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in compact spinning with Hollow Roller
Authors: Liu Xinjin , Su Xuzhong
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– Condensing roller is the most key parts of compact spinning system. Hollow Roller is one of the most important kinds of condensing roller, the surface structure of which influences the flow field in condensing zone directly and affects the qualities of spun yarn. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this paper, the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software. The numerical simulations of the three-dimensional flow field in Hollow Roller compact spinning with two different kinds of roller surface structure, round hole structure and strip groove structure, are given according to the three-dimensional physical model of condensing zone. The flow velocity and static pressure distributions in condensing zone are given.

Findings

– It is shown that the flow velocity streamline distribution is denser with strip groove structure than that of round hole structure, especially on the center line of strand, and flow velocity value is also larger in both Y-Z and X-Y cross-sections, and in X-Z cross-section shows the embracing inlet airflow, which is benefit for fiber condensing directly and improving negative pressure use efficiency. Furthermore, the simulations with three strip groove widths 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mm are given. The theatrical results obtained are illustrated by experiments.

Originality/value

– In this paper, the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software in detail. A more accurate three-dimensional physical model of condensing zone is given. A new kind of strip groove structure of Hollow Roller is proposed. The theatrical results obtained are illustrated by experiments, and lay a foundation for practical Hollow Roller design.
Glass ceiling or sticky floor? Quantile regression decomposition of the gender pay gap in China
Authors: Xiu Lin , Gunderson Morley
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of the paper is to analyse how the male-female pay gap in China varies across the pay distribution and to provide evidence on the factors that influence that gap.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use the Recentered Influence Function modification of quantile regressions to estimate how the male-female pay gap varies across the pay distribution. The authors also decompose the pay gaps at different quantiles of the pay distribution into differences in endowments of wage determining characteristics and differences in the returns for the same characteristics. The analysis is based on data from the Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China survey.

Findings

– The authors find evidence of a sticky floor (large pay gaps at the bottom of the pay distribution) and some limited and weaker evidence of a glass ceiling (large pay gaps at the top of the distribution). This pattern prevails based on the overall pay gap as well as on the adjusted or net gap that reflects differences in the pay that males and females receive when they have the same pay determining characteristics. The pattern largely reflects the coefficients or unexplained differences across the pay distribution. Factors influencing the pay gap and how they vary across the pay distribution are discussed. The variation highlights considerable heterogeneity in the Chinese labour market with respect to how pay is determined and different characteristics are rewarded, implying that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that focus only on the mean of the distribution can mask important differences across the full pay distribution.

Social implications

– At the bottom of the pay distribution most of the lower pay of females reflects their lower returns to job tenure, experience and a greater negative effect of family responsibilities on females’ wages, and to a lesser extent their lower level of education, less likelihood of being CPP members and their concentration in lower paying occupations. At the top of the pay distribution most of their lower pay reflects their lower returns on education, job tenure and work experience, and to a lesser extent their lower levels of experience and lower likelihood of being in managerial and leadership positions.

Originality/value

– The paper systematically examines the male-female pay gap and its determinants throughout the pay distribution in China, highlighting that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that focus only on the mean of the distribution can mask important differences across the full pay distribution and not capture the considerable heterogeneity in that labour market.
The gender gap of returns on education across West European countries
Authors: Mendolicchio Concetta , Rhein Thomas
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the gender specific private returns on education (RE) in Europe in a comparative perspective. The authors extend the model of de la Fuente (2003) by estimating the parameters by gender and introducing maternity leaves and benefits. The paper analyses the impact of the public policy variables evaluating the elasticities with respect to unemployment benefits, marginal and average tax rates, maternity leave and childcare benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors estimate the Mincerian coefficients, with the Heckman’ selection model, for 12 West European countries using the EU-SILC data. The authors then use them as input to calibrate the decision model.

Findings

– The RE of females tend to be higher than those of males in all the Europeans countries but Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. The gender gap can be explained mainly by the wage premia and labour income taxes which more than compensate the negative effects on females’ returns triggered by higher unemployment rates and maternity-related benefits.

Practical implications

– The tax system has the most pronounced effect on RE. An increase in the marginal tax rates has a negative impact. An increase in the average tax rates can have a negative or positive impact, depending on the progressivity of the tax system. An increase in unemployment benefits and maternity or child-care benefits has a negative but fairly small impact.

Social implications

– The analysis considers just one dimension of maternity related policies: the effect on RE and differences across gender. These policies may have aims which are beyond the scope of this paper, for instance to increase fertility. From this viewpoint, the small values of the elasticities presented are reassuring in that they suggest that they can be implemented at a fairly small cost in terms of investment in human capital.

Originality/value

– The authors compute the RE using a model which allows us to take into account and assess the significance of relevant variables: wage premium, income tax, some public transfers and benefits, costs of the investments. Moreover, the authors estimate the wage premia using relatively recent EU-SILC data. Finally, the paper compares 12 EU countries spanning quite different labour market conditions and institutions.
Gender gap and labour market participation
Authors: Castellano Rosalia , Rocca Antonella
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The measurement and comparison across countries of female conditions in labour market and gender gap in employment is a very complex task, given both its multidimensional nature and the different scenarios in terms of economic, social and cultural characteristics. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– At this aim, different information about presence and engagement of women in labour market, gender pay gap, segregation, discrimination and human capital characteristics was combined and a ranking of 26 European countries is proposed through the composite indicator methodology. It satisfies the need to benchmark national gender gaps, grouping together economic, political and educational dimensions.

Findings

– The results show that female conditions in labour market are the best in Scandinavian countries and Ireland while many Eastern and Southern European countries result at the bottom of classification.

Research limitations/implications

– In order to take into account the subjectivity of some choices in composite indicator construction and to test robustness of results, different aggregation techniques were applied.

Practical implications

– The authors hope that this new index will stimulate the release of a sort of best practices useful to close labour market gaps, starting from best countries’ scenarios, and the launching of pilot gender parity task forces, as it happened with the Global Gender Gap Index in some countries. Finally, relating gender gap indexes with country policies frameworks for gender inequalities and the connected policy outcomes, it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness and to identify the most adequate initiatives to undertake because policies reducing gender gaps can significantly improve economic growth and standard of living.

Social implications

– The analysis gives a contribution in the evaluation of the policies and regulations effectiveness at national level considering the existing welfare regimes and the associated gaps in labour market. It can help policy makers to understand the ramifications of gaps between women and men. The Gender Gap Labour Market Index is constrained by the need for international comparability, but limiting its analysis to European countries; it has been based on ad hoc indicators concerning developed economies and could be readily adapted for use at the national and local levels.

Originality/value

– In this paper the authors propose a new composite indicator index specifically focused on gender gap in labour market. Several papers analysed gender differences in wages, employment or segregation, but few of them consider them together, allowing to get a satisfactory informative picture on gender inequalities in labour market and studying in deep its multiple aspects, including discrimination indicators ad hoc calculated, giving to policy makers an useful tool to evaluate female employees conditions and put them in relation with the different input factors existing within each country.
Integrating trait and ability EI in predicting transformational leadership
Authors: Foster Colm , Roche Frank
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role played by follower's trait emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between follower's ability EI and transformational leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors hypothesised that there is a positive moderating effect of follower's trait EI on the relationship between follower's ability EI and the transformational leadership rating they receive from their supervisor. Using moderated hierarchical linear regression this hypothesis was tested using a random sample of 208 supervisor-subordinate dyads from three organisations in Ireland covering FMCG, banking and financial Services.

Findings

– After controlling for the effects of personality, moderated hierarchical regression analysis showed that follower ability EI significantly predicted transformational leadership ratings and that this relationship was positively moderated by follower trait EI.

Research limitations/implications

– This study presents a path-finding, integrative model linking trait and ability EI which offers an expanded understanding of the phenomenon of EI in relation to leadership.

Practical implications

– The findings show how trait and ability EI can be used in concert by HR and leadership development professionals to optimally design EI-based leadership development programmes.

Originality/value

– This is the first study to integrate the trait and ability approaches to EI and to show how they interact in predicting transformational leadership. This study also took the perspective of leadership as assessed by the leader rather than the follower, which has been the norm in most previous studies.
The onset of police misconduct
Authors: Harris Christopher
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors which contribute to, or mitigate against, both the likelihood and timing of the onset of police misconduct.

Design/methodology/approach

– Research hypotheses were tested examining the first personnel complaint filed against officers, using both all complaints and only substantiated complaints, from data collected on a large cohort of officers followed over a substantial portion of their careers.

Findings

– Black officers and those exhibiting poor academy performance were at an increased likelihood of onset when compared to white and Hispanic officers and those who did better in the academy, while having a college degree lowered this likelihood. Officers whose first complaints were filed by citizens, and officers working certain patrol zones had quicker onset times. Those officers whose first complaint was related to service, as well as officers with prior military service, had longer onset times.

Research limitations/implications

– This study relies on personnel complaints to measure onset, was conducted in a very large police department, and does not include arrest data on officers over time.

Practical implications

– Onset occurs early in officers’ careers. Some factors are consistent across complaint types, while others depend on whether all complaints or only substantiated complaints are used to measure onset, which suggests that future research should consider carefully which measure they employ.

Originality/value

– This study employs a longitudinal data set which follows a cohort of officers from the start of their careers, and is thus ideal for exploring the onset of misconduct.
Technology, context, users: a conceptual model of CCTV
Authors: Menichelli Francesca
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to challenge the traditional placement of CCTV within the realm of crime prevention technologies and to propose a conceptualisation of surveillance cameras that takes into account how different elements interact to shape how these are understood, defined and used in the day-to-day practices of the police.

Design/methodology/approach

– Methodologically, the research draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two medium-sized Italian cities where open-street CCTV systems have been recently implemented and is based on a combination of non-participant observations and interviews with police officers in both forces.

Findings

– Overall, two main findings emerge from the fieldwork. First, cameras are rarely used and not for reasons pertaining to crime control; rather, they have become a tool for the efficient management of scarce policing resources, with particular emphasis on the co-ordination and real-time tracking of patrolling personnel. Second, this shift is understood in radically different ways by officers in the two cities, so that what is experienced as a benign form of peer-to-peer co-ordination in Central City becomes a form of undue surveillance on the part of higher ranks in Northern City.

Originality/value

– The value of the present work is twofold. On one hand, it provides relevant information to police practitioners on how organisational and structural factors impact on the use of surveillance cameras in policing. On the other, embracing the idea that CCTV is constructed through the interaction of several distinct, yet related, processes can explain why the same technology is implemented, defined and used in different ways in comparable organisations.
The potential for violence in arrests of persons with mental illness
Authors: Mulvey Philip , White Michael
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to determine whether police use of force and suspect resistance are more likely to occur in arrest encounters involving suspects with mental health problems.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study uses data from interviews with 942 individuals recently arrested by officers in more than a dozen different police departments in Maricopa County, Arizona in 2010. Both logistic and ordinal regression analyses are used to predict two models of suspect resistance (resistance in the current arrest, resistance in a previous police contact) and three models of police use of force (any force in the current arrest, ordinal measure of force in the current arrest, and any force in a previous contact).

Findings

– The results provide empirical support for a link between mental illness and increased resistance against the police. With regard to arrestee mental illness and use of force, the results are mostly consistent with prior research suggesting a null relationship, with an important caveat involving greater use of higher level, weapon force.

Research limitations/implications

– The study suffers from the traditional limitations associated with self-report data, and the generalizability of the findings beyond arrest encounters in Maricopa County is not known. The explanatory power of the multivariate models was relatively weak, suggesting a good degree of unexplained variance.

Practical implications

– The non-significant relationship between arrestee mental illness and use of force is consistent with efforts by police to improve their response in these complex encounters. The significant weapon-force finding may suggest that police respond to the affronts of mentally ill suspects differently than affronts from other suspects. The non-significance of key extra-legal factors suggests that police decisions to use force were not influenced by arrestee race/ethnicity, age, or social standing.

Originality/value

– Unlike previous studies, the current research uses self-reported measures of mental health problems. The current study also examines arrests from more than a dozen different police departments.
Can investing in corporate social responsibility lower a company's cost of capital?
Authors: Cajias Marcelo , Fuerst Franz , Bienert Sven
Published: May 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings on theex antecost of capital of more than 2,300 listed US companies in a panel from 2003 to 2010. It examines whether financial markets value continuous investment in CSR activities through higher market capitalization and lower cost of capital.

Design/methodology/approach

– The measure of the cost of capital reflects the perceived riskiness of individual companies expressed in the unobserved internal rate of return that investors expect to hold a risky asset. Based on descriptive portfolio estimations, panel and quantile regressions, the authors model the cost of equity capital as a function of CSR strengths and concerns obtained from the KLD-database and accounting controls.

Findings

– The authors show that firms' CSR strategies differ significantly across industry sectors. Customer-orientated companies such as telecommunications and automobile outperform asset-driven sectors such as real estate or chemical companies. Furthermore, the authors find a 10-bp positive effect for one standard deviation of firms' intensive allocation of resources in sustainable activities.

Research limitations/implications

– Since the authors are interested in the effect environmental, social and governance activities have on the firm's perceived market valuation rate, the authors apply the Fama-French model because of its efficiency in explaining realized returns, rather than incorporating analyst's long-term growth forecasts into the proxy for the equity premium.

Practical implications

– Managers of companies with low or intermediate CSR scores may consider the financial benefits of improving their social and environmental performance. A good starting point is usually to draw up a company-wide CSR agenda, possibly guided by a dedicated CSR task force, mapping out the potential costs and benefits of such measures. In addition, by improving their CSR ratings, a company may get access to additional resources, ranging from the growing ethical investment industry to employees for whom CSR performance matters when choosing an employer.

Originality/value

– The authors expand the existing literature by considering firm's CSR level to be in relation to the overall CSR performance and decompose firm's CSR agenda into strengths and concerns rather than counting the number of activities a firm is involved in. The applied methodology allows a better understanding of firm's CSR agenda and its implication for capital markets and investors on both long and short investment terms.
Aerobic scope predicts dominance during early life in a tropical damselfish
Authors: Killen Shaun S. , Mitchell Matthew D. , Rummer Jodie L. , Chivers Douglas P. , Ferrari Maud C. O. , Meekan Mark G. , McCormick Mark I.
Published: May 2014

A range of physiological traits are linked with aggression and dominance within social hierarchies, but the role of individual aerobic capacity in facilitating aggression has seldom been studied. Further, links previously observed between an individual's metabolic rate and aggression level may be context dependent and modulated by factors such as social stress and fcompetitor familiarity.

We examined these issues in juvenile Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, which display intraspecific competition for territories during settlement on coral reefs.

Individuals were measured for routine metabolic rate, aerobic scope (AS) and anaerobic capacity using intermittent‐flow respirometry before dyadic dominance contests. Post‐contest, fish were measured for metabolic rate in isolation and while interacting with their previous competitor or a stranger in adjacent transparent respirometers.

In arena contests, AS was correlated with aggression and dominance, while routine metabolic rate and anaerobic capacity were not related to dominance. Post‐contest, subordinates showed a rise in metabolic rate and decrease in available AS, presumably due to social stress. Dominants increased metabolic rate in the presence of a previous competitor, possibly due to the stresses of hierarchy maintenance.

Metabolic rate during aggressive interactions did not approach that measured during exhaustive exercise, suggesting individuals do not fully utilise their AS during aggression. A greater AS may, however, allow faster post‐contest recovery.

These results demonstrate a link between AS and dominance during intraspecific competition for territory. Selection on AS could therefore follow, either indirectly through correlations with other traits influencing resource‐holding potential, or directly if AS carries benefits important for territory acquisition or holding, such as an enhanced capacity to cope with socially induced stress.
What Kind of ‘Big Government’ is the Big Society? A Reply to Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Kerr Peter , Foster Emma
Published: May 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract

This article

Contributes to the debates applying Foucauldian theory to contemporary British Politics and invigorates the debate through a discussion with Bulley and Sokhi Bulley Develops understandings of contemporary British Politics under the Coalition government, particularly in light of the ‘Big Society’ project. Compares, through a Foucauldian framework, the differences and similarities between the New Labour (1997–2010) and Coalition (2010–) Governments Ultimately argues that the Coalition Government is demonstrative of a hybrid of the neo-liberal governmentality typical of the New Labour governments and a partial reversion to a more rudimentary Thatcherite form of neo-liberal governmentality.

This article is a reply to Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley's recent article on the Big Society. We put forward two main criticisms of Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley's governmentality-focused approach in our alternative reading of the Big Society. Firstly, we argue that, given the ethopolitical strategies Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley focus their attention on are unlikely to produce the kind of transformation in the ethical outlook of citizens they suppose, the real historical significance of the Big Society must lie elsewhere. Secondly, we argue that Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley overlook the lines of continuity and discontinuity linking the Big Society to the forms of neo-liberal governmentality that have preceded it in British politics. In the final section of the article, we argue that the Cameron project amounts to both a partial continuation of the type of neo-liberal governmental rationality characteristic of the New Labour project and a partial reversion to a more rudimentary Thatcherite form of neo-liberal governmentality.
Queen Anne and Oxford: The Royal Visit of 1702 and Its Aftermath
Authors: ASTON NIGEL
Published: May 2014

Anne's accession was greeted warmly in the University of Oxford, the intellectual centre of Toryism in the early eighteenth century, and she made Oxford the destination of one of her earliest excursions out of London in 1702. Yet Anne never returned to Oxford again, while majority opinion in the university was disappointed at her unwillingness to champion wholeheartedly the high‐church cause. It was only after 1714 that the reign of Anne came to be represented by Oxonians as a golden age for the university; the reality was more variable and confused.
Celebrating Queen Anne and the Union of 1707 in Great Britain's First Georgic
Authors: PELLICER JUAN CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2014

The most ambitious poem to celebrate the Union of 1707 was John Philips's georgic Cyder (1708). A climactic passage portrays Queen Anne as a semi‐divine author of the Union. What does Cyder tell us about the way Anne was understood in 1707? A nonjuror supported by Robert Harley's moderate Tories, Philips uses the georgic to propose a model of political cooperation and experimental pragmatism. He also celebrates Anne as an antitype of earlier monarchs, specifically Edgar the Pacific and Henry VII, while his invitation to read typologically acknowledges the problems posed to Jacobite sensibilities by the Hanoverian succession.
Preaching for the Queen: Queen Anne and English Sermon Culture, 1702‐1714
Authors: FAROOQ JENNIFER
Published: May 2014

Relatively little attention has been paid to Queen Anne's engagement with sermon culture. Court sermons provided an important public forum during her reign. They were delivered by skilled Anglican preachers, and there was considerable public interest in them. Anne regularly attended sermons and took an interest in her preachers. She had clear views about the proper topics for sermons, and she reprimanded preachers who crossed the line. The queen was the most important sponsor for sermons during her reign, ordering the publication of dozens of court sermons. She was the last monarch regularly to sponsor their publication.
Re‐evaluation of late Holocene fire histories of three boreal bogs suggest a link between bog fire and climate
Authors: Morris Jesse L. , Väliranta Minna , Sillasoo Ülle , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Korhola Atte
Published: May 2014

We re‐evaluated mid‐ and late Holocene fire records at three bog sites in southern Finland and Estonia through quantitative and qualitative analysis of sedimentary charcoal records. Our analysis suggests synchrony amongst the Kontolanrahka, Männikjärve and Lakkasuo bog records. Over the last 5000 years, three episodes of elevated fire occurrence were evident in these bog records, taking place from 4500 to 4000, 3500 to 2000 and 1000 to 500 cal. a BP. These episodes were probably influenced primarily by climate, but also possibly by expansion/retreat of (pre)historic human populations. Although previous studies have proposed that during the late Holocene only weak fire−climate linkages exist, the presented analysis suggests millennial‐ and centennial‐scale synchronous burning episodes.
Identifying novel interventional strategies for psychiatric disorders: integrating genomics, ‘enviromics’ and gene–environment interactions in valid preclinical models
Authors: McOmish Caitlin E , Burrows Emma L , Hannan Anthony J
Published: May 2014

Psychiatric disorders affect a substantial proportion of the population worldwide. This high prevalence, combined with the chronicity of the disorders and the major social and economic impacts, creates a significant burden. As a result, an important priority is the development of novel and effective interventional strategies for reducing incidence rates and improving outcomes. This review explores the progress that has been made to date in establishing valid animal models of psychiatric disorders, while beginning to unravel the complex factors that may be contributing to the limitations of current methodological approaches. We propose some approaches for optimizing the validity of animal models and developing effective interventions. We use schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders as examples of disorders for which development of valid preclinical models, and fully effective therapeutics, have proven particularly challenging. However, the conclusions have relevance to various other psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders. We address the key aspects of construct, face and predictive validity in animal models, incorporating genetic and environmental factors. Our understanding of psychiatric disorders is accelerating exponentially, revealing extraordinary levels of genetic complexity, heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The environmental factors contributing to individual, and multiple, disorders also exhibit breathtaking complexity, requiring systematic analysis to experimentally explore the environmental mediators and modulators which constitute the ‘envirome’ of each psychiatric disorder. Ultimately, genetic and environmental factors need to be integrated via animal models incorporating the spatiotemporal complexity of gene–environment interactions and experience‐dependent plasticity, thus better recapitulating the dynamic nature of brain development, function and dysfunction.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Animal Models in Psychiatry Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐20
The blockade of transient receptor potential ankirin 1 (TRPA1) signalling mediates antidepressant‐ and anxiolytic‐like actions in mice
Authors: de Moura Juliana Cavalcante , Noroes Maíra Macedo , Rachetti Vanessa de Paula Soares , Soares Bruno Lobão , Preti Delia , Nassini Romina , Materazzi Serena , Marone Ilaria Maddalena , Minocci Daiana , Geppetti Pierangelo , Gavioli Elaine Cristina , André Eunice
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) are involved in many biological processes, including nociception and hyperalgesia. Whereas the involvement of TRPV1 in psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression has been reported, little is known regarding the role of TRPA1 in these conditions.

Experimental Approach

We investigated the role of TRPA1 in mice models of depression [forced swimming test (FST)] and anxiety [elevated plus maze (EPM) test].

Key Results

Administration of the TRPA1 antagonist (HC030031, 30 nmol in 2 μL, i.c.v.) reduced immobility time in the FST. Similar results were obtained after oral administration of HC030031 (30–300 mg·kg−1). The reduction in immobility time in FST induced by HC030031 (100 mg·kg−1) was completely prevented by pretreatment with TRPA1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde (50 mg·kg−1, p.o.), which per se was inactive. In the EPM test, pretreatment with cinnamaldehyde (50 mg·kg−1, p.o.), which per se did not affect behaviour response, prevented the anxiolytic‐like effect (increased open arm exploration) evoked by TRPA1 blockade (HC030031, 100 mg·kg−1, p.o.). Treatment with either cinnamaldehyde or HC030031 did not affect spontaneous ambulation. Furthermore, TRPA1‐deficient mice showed anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like phenotypes in the FST and EPM test respectively.

Conclusion and Implications

The present findings indicate that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 produces inhibitory activity in mouse models of anxiety and depression. These results imply that TRPA1 exerts tonic control, promoting anxiety and depression, and that TRPA1 antagonism has potential as an innovative strategy for the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders.
Antitumor effect of nuclear factor‐κB decoy transfer by mannose‐modified bubble lipoplex into macrophages in mouse malignant ascites
Authors: Kono Yusuke , Kawakami Shigeru , Higuchi Yuriko , Maruyama Kazuo , Yamashita Fumiyoshi , Hashida Mitsuru
Published: May 2014

Patients with malignant ascites (MAs) display several symptoms, such as dyspnea, nausea, pain, and abdominal tenderness, resulting in a significant reduction in their quality of life. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in MA progression. Because TAMs have a tumor‐promoting M2 phenotype, conversion of the M2 phenotypic function of TAMs would be promising for MA treatment. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is a master regulator of macrophage polarization. Here, we developed targeted transfer of a NF‐κB decoy into TAMs by ultrasound (US)‐responsive, mannose‐modified liposome/NF‐κB decoy complexes (Man‐PEG bubble lipoplexes) in a mouse peritoneal dissemination model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. In addition, we investigated the effects of NF‐κB decoy transfection into TAMs on MA progression and mouse survival rates. Intraperitoneal injection of Man‐PEG bubble lipoplexes and US exposure transferred the NF‐κB decoy into TAMs effectively. When the NF‐κB decoy was delivered into TAMs by this method in the mouse peritoneal dissemination model, mRNA expression of the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10 in TAMs was decreased significantly. In contrast, mRNA levels of Th1 cytokines (IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐6) were increased significantly. Moreover, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in ascites was suppressed significantly, and peritoneal angiogenesis showed a reduction. Furthermore, NF‐κB decoy transfer into TAMs significantly decreased the ascitic volume and number of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in ascites, and prolonged mouse survival. In conclusion, we transferred a NF‐κB decoy efficiently by Man‐PEG bubble lipoplexes with US exposure into TAMs, which may be a novel approach for MA treatment.
N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐methylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine (F2MPA): A Potential Cognitive Enhancer with MAO Inhibitor Properties
Authors: Di Giovanni Giuseppe , García Isela , Colangeli Roberto , Pierucci Massimo , Rivadulla Marcos L. , Soriano Elena , Chioua Mourad , Della Corte Laura , Yáñez Matilde , De Deurwaerdère Philippe , Fall Yagamare , Marco‐Contelles José
Published: May 2014

Background

A considerable body of human and animal experimental evidence links monoaminergic systems and cognition. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), being able to enhance monoaminergic transmission and having neuroprotective properties, might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias.

Methods

The MAO‐A and MAO‐B inhibition profile of N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine derivates (compounds 1–3) were evaluated by fluorimetric method and their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties estimated. The effects of the selected compound 1, N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐methylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine (F2MPA), were evaluated on the basic synaptic transmission, long‐term potentiation (LTP), and excitability in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats.

Results

F2MPA is a partially reversible inhibitor of hMAO‐B, with moderate to good ADMET properties and drug‐likeness. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg F2MPA greatly enhanced basic synaptic transmission, induced LTP, and potentiated electrically induced LTP in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, F2MPA did not modify seizure threshold of pilocarpine‐induced convulsion in CD1 mice.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that, the MAO‐B inhibitor, F2MPA improves DG synaptic transmission without triggering pathological hyperexcitability. Therefore, F2MPA shows promise as a potential cognition‐enhancing therapeutic drug.
785. SALVIA DOMBEYI
Authors: Wood John R. I.
Published: May 2014

Salvia dombeyi Epl. is described and illustrated. Biographical information is provided about the adventurous life of Joseph Dombey after which this species is named. It is remarkable for having the largest corolla of any Salvia and is mysterious for being unknown in the wild. It has uses in traditional medicine as well as potential in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Unverifiable myths associate it with religious uses in areas formerly ruled by the Incas.