bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Forum: How Canada Could Benefit from E-Invoicing for GST/HST Purposes
Authors:   York University, Glendon campus, Toronto, Rocha Melina
Published: July 2022

In this article, the author reviews the importance of electronic invoicing (e-invoicing) in value-added tax systems from the perspective of both government and taxpayers. E-invoicing is defined as the adoption of a standard requiring that businesses issue invoices containing mandatory information related to the supply in a prescribed electronic format, and transmit to the tax administration in real time through a specified electronic system. The author also analyzes the development of e-invoicing systems around the world, beginning with the Latin American pioneers and then proceeding to recent experiences in Europe. The experience in Latin America shows that governments can gain from e-invoicing through the reduction of tax fraud and the consequent increase in government revenue, while the experience in Europe shows that businesses have their own reasons for promoting e-invoicing, most notably to reduce compliance costs. In conclusion, the author suggests avenues for introducing e-invoicing into the Canadian goods and services tax/harmonized sales tax system.
Nifedipine, Calcium Channel Blocker (Antihypertensive), as a Tocolytic to inhibit Premature Birth in Reducing the Risk of Neonatal Death in Childbirth: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Large Clinical Trial
Authors: Olda Axel J. , Trixie Joue Abraham , Bolang Glenn , Witular Yoga Rahmat , Langi Saerang
Published: July 2022

Objective: To evaluate the role of nifedipine as a tocolytic agent.Methods: Literature searches use medical search engines for example Pubmed, Google Scholar and Medical scientific journals, as like the American kind of Journal that is Learning Obstetrics and also learn about Gynecology. The literature used were published from 1986 to 2020. The main data extraction was in the form of an extended gestation period, divided into 48 hours, 7 days, and 37 weeks with data analysis using the RevMan 5.4 application.

Result: Twenty-four clinical trials were analyzed with total amount shown of 2,889 study subjects. The purpose of using kind of nifedipine to be such a tocolytic indicates no significant difference, within 48 hours or (RR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.99 - 1.13; p shown = 0.12), 7 days (RR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 - 1.09; p = 0.57), and up to 37 weeks (RR 1.22; 95% then CI, 0.96 - 1.54; p = 0.10) at the time it is compared with the group of control.Conclusion: Administration of nifedipine as a tocolytic did not have a statistically significant difference, both in prolonging pregnancy and side effects for pregnant women and neonates compared to the control group.Keyword: meta-analysis, nifedipine, preterm delivery, prolongation pregnancy, tocolytic.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi peran nifedipin sebagai tokolitik.Metode: Pencarian literatur menggunakan mesin pencari medis seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar dan jurnal ilmiah medis, seperti American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Literatur yang digunakan dalam rentang tahun 1986 - 2020. Kata kunci adalah ("pregnant woman" OR pregnancy) AND ("preterm birth" OR "preterm labor") AND nifedipine. Ekstraksi data utama berupa perpanjangan masa kehamilan, dibagi menjadi 48 jam, 7 hari, dan 37 minggu dengan analisis data menggunakan aplikasi RevMan 5.4Hasil: Dua puluh empat uji klinis yang dianalisa dengan total 2,889 subjek penelitian. Penggunaan nifedipine sebagai tokolitik menunjukkan tidak ada sesuatu yang berbeda secara signifikan, dalam 48 jam (RR 1.06; 95% then CI, 0.99 - 1.13; p results = 0.12), 7 hari (RR shown 1.02; 95% then CI, 0.95 - 1.09; p = 0.57), dan sampai 37 minggu (RR  1.22;  95%  CI, 0.96 - 1.54; p shown = 0.10) apabila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Begitu pun dengan efek samping pada ibu hamil (RR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.74 - 1.31; p = 0.92) dan neonatus (RR 0.93; 95% of CI, 0.83 - 1.04; p shown = 0.21), ditemukan adanya kesamaan yang serupa pada grup atau golongan dalam kendali.Kesimpulan: Pemberian nifedipine sebagai tokolitik tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik, baik dalam memperpanjang masa kehamilan maupun efek samping kepada ibu hamil dan neonatus dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.Kata kunci: kelahiran prematur, meta-analysis, nifedipin,  prolongation pregnancy, tokolitik
Educar en tiempos de pandemia: saberes desde la complejidad
Authors: Morales Díaz José David , Sánchez Bautista María Patricia , Esparragoza Bermejo Nancy Silvia
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo caracteriza las experiencias de tres docentes en el contexto de la educación primaria en Puebla, México, en tiempos de pandemia, quienes vivieron cambios en su forma de enseñaza y de ver la docencia con los niños y las niñas. El estudio señala la interrogante “¿Cuáles son los nuevos saberes educativos en tiempos de pandemia?” y se relaciona con la metodología cualitativa y el diseño de la teoría fundamentada; para la obtención de la información se realizaron entrevistas a través de un podcast; los tópicos e incidencias de los docentes y directivo se organizaron en categorías: el propósito de la educación en la pandemia; transformación de la escuela a partir de la pandemia; la función de los actores de la escuela en tiempos de pandemia. A partir de las ideas de la complejidad de Edgar Morin se asocian los resultados; el desarrollo de la responsabilidad, el elemento humano como acto de respeto a la vida, de tolerancia, de ética, el derecho de educar ante las situaciones emergentes a partir del empleo de nuevas formas síncronas y asincrónicas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, resultan desde la integración del conocimiento.
МОВНА ПІДГОТОВКА ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Ворона Тетяна , Ворона Анна , Ворона Марія
Published: July 2022

Анотація. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність співпраці Збройних Сил України щодо мовної підготовки з провідними закордонними військовими відомствами й встановлено її роль в зміцненні національної безпеки та оборони України. Узагальнено, що нині у Збройних Силах України сформована ефективна система мовної підготовки, котра забезпечує неперервне вивчення курсантами вищих військових навчальних закладів іноземних мов на всіх етапах підготовки та в процесі виконання професійних обов’язків. Запропоновано аналіз останніх тематичних досліджень і публікацій.

Схарактеризовано особливості реалізації принципу неперервної мовної підготовки як складової навчання військовослужбовців відповідно до освітніх програм США, Великобританії, Канади, Австралії, Австрії та Угорщини. Проаналізовано рівень забезпечення фахівцями з належною мовною підготовкою силових структур досліджуваних країн, встановлено провідні напрями діяльності центрів вивчення іноземних мов, наведено перелік мов, недостатній рівень знання яких перешкоджає своєчасному опрацюванню оперативної інформації. Узагальнено провідні заклади освіти країн, що забезпечують мовну підготовку представників різних видів збройних сил. Окремим предметом аналізу мовної підготовки військовослужбовців обрано: цільову аудиторію, кількість слухачів, форму навчання, тривалість курсів, викладацький склад, методичне та технічне забезпечення. Наведено пріоритетні напрями підвищення якості мовної підготовки згідно з планами керівництва збройних сил Великобританії, що можуть слугувати перспективними векторами розвитку для вітчизняної військової освіти.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kunjungan Antenatal Ibu Hamil
Authors: Pujilestari Intan , Muhaimin Toha
Published: July 2022

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan barometer pelayanan kesehatan. Salah satu  upaya pencegahan AKI adalah dengan melakukan kunjungan antenatal minimal empat kali selama kehamilan, 1 kali pada trimester pertma, 1 kali pada trimester kedua dan 2 kali pada trimester ketiga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan antenatal ibu hamil di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sumurbandung, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-3 bulan yang tinggal di wilayah kerja puskesmas Sumurbandung 150 orang. Sampel yang digunakan total sampling. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ibu yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal tidak lengkap sebanyak 64%. Faktor  yang berpengaruh terhadap kunjungan antenatal adalah pekerjaan (Pv=0,000; OR=8,011), dukungan suami (Pv=0,001; OR=4,916) dan umur (Pv=0,020; OR=3,277) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel paritas, sikap dan pendidikan. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kunjungan antenatal adalah pekerjaan. Ibu yang bekerja mempunyai peluang 8 kali lebih besar untuk melakukan kunjungan antenatal. Perlu melibatkan suami dalam melakukan kunjungan antenatal dengan memperhatikan umur, status pekerjaan ibu hamil dalam setiap konseling antenatal.
Efektivitas Intervensi Senam dan Yoga dalam Mengurangi Tingkat Keparahan Depresi Postpartum pada Wanita Sectio Caesarea : Uji Coba Terkontrol Acak
Authors: Yuliati Nila Trisna , Ningsi Sam Karnilan Lestari
Published: July 2022

Selama masa postpartum wanita lebih mudah mengalami depresi dan terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan wanita untuk menemui dokter ahli jiwa. Depresi pasca persalinan ditandai dengan mudah tersinggung, merasa bersalah, kelelahan, kecemasan, gangguang tidur dan gejala somatik yang dapat memiliki efek negatif pada ibu, bayi, dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efek dari program senam dan yoga pada wanita yang mengalami seksio sesarea terhadap tingkat keparahan depresi postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan pre-post test two-group design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah wanita bersalin seksio sesarea sejak bulan Desember tahun 2020 sampai Mei tahun 2021. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi 2 kelompok yakni kelompok senam nifas (n=24) dan kelompok yoga (n=24). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampus Akbid Borneo Medistra Balikpapan. Adapun uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji man whitney yang bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan sebelum dan setelah perlakuan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senam nifas dan yoga efektif menurunkan tingkat depresi post partum pada wanita seksio sesarea (Pv=0,000).
Pola Makan dan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Gastritis pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Lubis Elvi Sahara , Siregar Santy Deasy , Siagian Masryna , Simbolon Juti Arto
Published: July 2022

Gastritis biasanya dapat terjadi pada orang yang memiliki pola makan yang tidak teratur serta mengonsumsi makanan yang dapat merangsang produksi asam lambung. Kejadian gastritis di Indonesia menurut WHO pada tahun 2017 mencapai 40,8% dengan prevalensi 274.396 kasus dari 238.452.952 jiwa penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pola makan dengan kejadian gastritis pada mahasiswa di FKM UNPRI. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 67 responden yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan uji statsitik chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi dengan kejadian gastritis pada mahasiswa (Pv=0,001), namun tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi (Pv=0,497) dan frekuensi makan (Pv=0,075) dengan kejadian gastritis pada mahasiswa FKM UNPRI.
Pengaruh Disabilitas dan Cedera Terhadap Gangguan Mental Emosional Usia 18-24 Tahun di Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Andriani Nydia , Endarti Ajeng Tias , Pambudi Eko Setyo
Published: July 2022

Peningkatan prevalensi Gangguan mental emosional (GME) di DKI Jakarta tahun 2013 sebanyak 5,7% menjadi 10,1% di tahun 2018, dimana usia muda 15-24 tahun mencapai 11,26%. Faktor yang berkontribusi pada kejadian GME diantaranya disabilitas dan cedera. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh disabilitas dan cedera terhadap kejadian GME di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2018 dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh penduduk usia 18-24 tahun di DKI Jakarta yang berhasil diwawancarai dalam Riskesdas 2018 sejumlah 1503 orang. Analisis data hingga multivariat dengan analisis regresi logistik model faktor risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan disabilitas (Pv = 0,000; OR = 4,037), cedera cacat permanen (Pv = 0,005; OR = 3,262), cedera tidak cacat permanen (Pv = 0,000; OR = 3,026) dengan GME. Pada karekteristik responden, hanya pendidikan (Pv = 0,003; OR = 1,724) yang memiliki hubungan dengan GME. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap GME usia muda 18-24 tahun di DKI Jakarta adalah disabilitas dan cedera tidak cacat permanen. Rekomendasi yang dapat disampaikan seperti memberikan pelatihan kesehatan mental remaja bagi dokter jiwa, petugas kesehatan program jiwa, kader dan karang taruna, membentuk Posbindu disabilitas serta kunjungan rutin ke sekolah untuk pemeriksaan kesehatan fisik dan mental.
Strategi Coping Stress pada Dosen Perempuan yang Melaksanakan Work from Home (WFH) Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nissa' Safira Khoiratun , Rif'ah Erwin Nur , Rokhmah Dewi
Published: July 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 dapat menjadi penyebab stres pada seseorang karena harus melaksanakan segala aktivitas sehari-hari di rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keterkaitan karakteristik responden dengan tingkat stres dan keterkaitan tingkat stres dengan strategi coping stress. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi yang digunakan adalah 529 dosen perempuan dan sampel sebanyak 85 dosen perempuan yang diambil dengan consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah DASS-42 dan The Way of Coping Scale. Data dianalisis menggunakan cross tabulation. Hasil penelitian ini adalah responden yang paling banyak mengalami stres adalah usia dewasa akhir dengan tingkat stres sedang (21,2%). Responden paling banyak memiliki tingkat pendidikan magister dengan tingkat stres sedang (36,5%). Responden paling banyak memiliki 2 anak dengan tingkat stres sedang (22,4%). Responden paling banyak memiliki anak usia balita dengan tingkat stres sedang (27,1%). Responden paling banyak bekerja >8 jam sehari dengan tingkat stres sedang (18,8%). Strategi coping stress yang paling banyak digunakan adalah problem focused coping dengan tingkat stres sedang (37,6%). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah dosen perempuan yang menjalankan WFH cenderung mengalami stres. Dua jenis strategi coping stress jika digunakan salah satunya telah dinilai mampu mengatasi stres, namun kombinasi penggunaan keduanya dinyatakan lebih efektif untuk mengatasi stres. Saran yang diberikan adalah responden dapat membuat jadwal yang diberi alarm di handphone, Universitas Jember melakukan skrining untuk mengetahui tingkat stres dosen.
TO BE YOUNG, ALIENATED AND UNEMPLOYED: SOCIAL IDENTITY, ATTITUDES AND WELL-BEING OF GEORGIA’S NEET YOUTH
Authors: Kitiashvili Anastasia , Abashidze Tamar , Zhvania Irine
Published: July 2022

Education and employment are essential factors for social inclusion of young people in society, so it is important to study young people who are neither in education or in employment (called NEETs) to determine how they deal with their social status and their mechanisms to integrate into society.
This study examines how negatively or positively NEET young people perceive their social status, how NEET status affects young people's attitudes, social identity, or well-being, and whether young people try to escape from the status of NEET. The survey was conducted with 380 young people and in-depth interviews with 12 people.
Research shows that the social status of NEET is neither desirable nor appreciated. NEETs are associated with diminished well-being mainly because of their lower life satisfaction. NEET youth scores lower than the general population in life satisfaction, although they have similar level of self-esteem. Research has shown that NEET youth use psychological mechanisms, such as identifying with a positively assessed group, to help young people maintain high self-esteem or use strategies to escape from the NEETs group, get a job, or continue their education. The following factors positively contribute to the desire to leave the NEET group: self-esteem is the most important motivator, followed by social identity, attitudes towards education and employment, and family economic status.
The high NEET rate in Georgia suggests that NEETs youth should be a particular target group for interventions to enable their ‘activation’ to integrate into society.
Keywords: attitudes towards education, attitudes towards employment, NEET youth, social identity, well-being
E-CATALOG APPLICATION FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGES AT RUANG SEDUH CAFÉ BASED ON AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Nurkholis Andi , Megawaty Dyah Ayu , Apriando M Fabian
Published: July 2022

Café is a place where people gather while enjoying the dishes provided, such as drinks and food accompanied by music and comfortable facilities and infrastructure. The dishes listed in the café menu book vary with various and unfamiliar names. Sometimes the variety of dishes served does not match expectations, leading to customer dissatisfaction, thus allowing customers to be reluctant to come back. This study proposes an innovation on service quality by developing an Android-based e-catalog application for dish dishes. The application of Augmented Reality on the display of the food or beverage menu is used to beautify the aesthetics of the dish and attract customers to come back. The system was developed using a prototype method applied to an Android-based application using the Kotlin programming language, MySQL as a database, and testing using ISO 25010. Through this AR-based food and beverage e-catalog application, customers can view information on the café's dishes, which are categorized by best-selling menu, latest menu, and all menus. Customers can also view the presentation in a 3D image and its rating. Based on the results of testing on 50 respondents, it was found that this AR-based food and beverage e-catalog application resulted in a usability test of 96% and a functional suitability test of 100%. So it can be concluded that the percentage value obtained shows the overall software quality has a "Very Good" scale and is feasible to use.
CITIZENAPP: YET ANOTHER SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM FOR PUBLIC FACILITY MONITORING IN SIDOARJO
Authors: Awali Jagad Yudha , Kautsar Irwan Alnarus , Fitrani Arif Senja
Published: July 2022

Public facilities are one of the important assets that support citizens' daily activities. Its benefits can be shared by a large number of people in a given region. However, many public facilities found in the Sidoarjo Regency area are not maintained, such as roads, bus stops, trash cans, sidewalks, parks, street lighting, traffic lights, and traffic signs, which can cause discomfort when using public facilities. These conditions could be minimized when local governments involve societies to maintain or monitor them. The objective of this study is to create an integrated smart city mobile application that can be used to report damage to public facilities using the QR Code that has been attached to them. In this study, the waterfall method was used as a development method. The result of this study is a mobile application which is expected to be useful for monitoring public facilities in Sidoarjo. According to the results, the application looks helpful and compatible with all Android devices.
Desafios de hipertensos no acesso à atenção primária durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão integrada
Authors: Rosa Marinete Mendes , Almeida Rosângela Nunes , Freitas Daniela Reis Joaquim de , Silva Guilherme Sousa da , Rodrigues Helayne Cristina
Published: July 2022

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo elaborar uma revisão de literatura sobre os desafios de hipertensos no acesso à atenção primária durante a pandemia de COVID-19, identificando as principais barreiras e/ou problemáticas associadas e as principais contribuições dos trabalhos analisados referente ao tema. Com base no tema, foi elaborada uma estratégia de busca utilizando-se quatro bases de dados: Análise de Literatura Médica- MEDLINE; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde- LILACS; SCOPUS e Web of Science. Para a busca nas bases de dados foi utilizado descritores indexados e cadastrados, além de critérios de inclusão e exclusão para seleção dos artigos analisados. Foram selecionados onze (11) artigos, onde vários foram os problemas e/ou barreiras identificadas ao acesso de pacientes hipertensos à atenção primária à saúde durante a pandemia, destacando-se: a falta de acesso a consultas presenciais, monitoramento e acompanhamento de sua pressão arterial, desregularização do uso e entrega de medicamentos, além de subfatores que também influenciam na saúde desses pacientes. A telemedicina foi o principal método discutido e avaliado nos trabalhos, mas outras ferramentas também foram analisadas como aplicativos de telefone moveis, tecnologias da comunicação e informação que possam aproximar paciente e sistema de saúde. Assim conclui-se que a atual crise global é sanitária, política, econômica e social, e exige inovação nos modos de operação da saúde desenvolvendo sempre novas formas de sociabilidade e de solidariedade no cuidar do ser humano, principalmente em pacientes hipertensos.
Clinical and laboratory aspects of reactive thrombocytosis in children
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Klimkovich N.M. , Aleksandrova N.M. ,   The Perinatal Center named after professor G.S. Postol, Aktanko O.P. ,   The Khabarovsk Krai Clinical Hospital  No.1 named after professor S.I. Sergeev, Melnitskaya E.A. ,   Children's City Clinical Hospital named after V. M. Istomin, Zvonareva E.V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: July 2022

To determine the cause of thrombocytosis in the peripheral blood, the results of laboratory studies of children aged 8–15 years in two observation groups were analyzed: a) children with clinical manifestations of sinusitis after acute respiratory viral infections (12 people) b) children with reduced hemoglobin levels in peripheral blood (20 people ). Unified and automated hematological and biochemical research methods were carried out. Two main causes of thrombocytosis were established in the observation groups: the presence of a post-infectious inflammatory process, which was laboratory confirmed by an increase in acute-phase C-reactive protein in the blood serum; the presence of iron deficiency hypochromic anemia, which was laboratory confirmed by a decrease in serum iron and a decrease in hemoglobin in peripheral blood
INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES – ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR TODAY´S TEACHER
Authors: KOSTURKOVÁ MARTINA , KNAPÍK JÁN
Published: July 2022

Intellectual virtues are very important abilities of a future teacher. They play a major role in cultivating character and stimulating the critical thinking of the student. The intellectual virtue of rationality (trust in reason) is required for a person to develop a network of interconnected virtues – intellectual and moral, in which critical and moral thinking is integrated at the same time. The aim of the study is to identify how students of teaching perceive their own level of development of intellectual virtues. To discover the opinions of respondents, we used R. W. Paul’s scheme of affective strategies (1992), which we integrated with specific intellectual virtues. The research was carried out by n = 241 students of teaching at Prešov University in Prešov. It was the available sample. Due to the fact that the issue of intellectual virtues had so far been studied in Slovakia only in theory, we bring descriptive research and analysis of primary data. The results of the research indicate a lack of training for future teachers in this regard. We consider the absence of such research and, consequently, the absence of the development of the necessary skills in this regard to be the main reason.
Caveats to Deep Learning Approaches to RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Authors: Flamm Christoph , Wielach Julia , Wolfinger Michael T. , Badelt Stefan , Lorenz Ronny , Hofacker Ivo L.
Published: July 2022

Machine learning (ML) and in particular deep learning techniques have gained popularity for predicting structures from biopolymer sequences. An interesting case is the prediction of RNA secondary structures, where well established biophysics based methods exist. The accuracy of these classical methods is limited due to lack of experimental parameters and certain simplifying assumptions and has seen little improvement over the last decade. This makes RNA folding an attractive target for machine learning and consequently several deep learning models have been proposed in recent years. However, for ML approaches to be competitive for de-novo structure prediction, the models must not just demonstrate good phenomenological fits, but be able to learn a (complex) biophysical model. In this contribution we discuss limitations of current approaches, in particular due to biases in the training data. Furthermore, we propose to study capabilities and limitations of ML models by first applying them on synthetic data (obtained from a simplified biophysical model) that can be generated in arbitrary amounts and where all biases can be controlled. We assume that a deep learning model that performs well on these synthetic, would also perform well on real data, and vice versa. We apply this idea by testing several ML models of varying complexity. Finally, we show that the best models are capable of capturing many, but not all, properties of RNA secondary structures. Most severely, the number of predicted base pairs scales quadratically with sequence length, even though a secondary structure can only accommodate a linear number of pairs.
3D in vitro Models of Pathological Skeletal Muscle: Which Cells and Scaffolds to Elect?
Authors: Carraro Eugenia , Rossi Lucia , Maghin Edoardo , Canton Marcella , Piccoli Martina
Published: July 2022

Skeletal muscle is a fundamental tissue of the human body with great plasticity and adaptation to diseases and injuries. Recreating this tissue in vitro helps not only to deepen its functionality, but also to simulate pathophysiological processes. In this review we discuss the generation of human skeletal muscle three-dimensional (3D) models obtained through tissue engineering approaches. First, we present an overview of the most severe myopathies and the two key players involved: the variety of cells composing skeletal muscle tissue and the different components of its extracellular matrix. Then, we discuss the peculiar characteristics among diverse in vitro models with a specific focus on cell sources, scaffold composition and formulations, and fabrication techniques. To conclude, we highlight the efficacy of 3D models in mimicking patient-specific myopathies, deepening muscle disease mechanisms or investigating possible therapeutic effects.
From the Vehicle-Based Concept of Operational Design Domain to the Road-Based Concept of Operational Road Section
Authors: García Alfredo , Llopis-Castelló David , Camacho-Torregrosa Francisco Javier
Published: July 2022

Automated vehicles are designed to maintain both longitudinal and transverse control along a road section under certain favorable conditions. The conditions that ensure a safe operation of an automated vehicle are referred to as Operational Design Domain (ODD). So far, the concept of ODD has focused on the automated vehicle and how it is designed to operate autonomously and safely under certain conditions. However, Road Administrations and Operators would be probably more interested in formulating the concept of ODD from the road standpoint, identifying the sections that really allow an optimal and safe operation for all automated vehicles. Hence, this study introduces the concept of Operational Road Section (ORS), that is, defined as a road section, that is, compatible with all automated vehicles’ ODDs. This would result in very low disengagements of SAE Level 2 and 3 vehicles, and no disengagements at all of any SAE Level 4 vehicle, as long as their conditions do not vary. These road sections are determined as the overlapping of all the ODDs corresponding to all the automated vehicles traveling through a road segment. The concept of ORS will play a key role in the identification of the road features that promote a safe automated driving. With this information, Road Administrations and Operators could 1) establish improvement actions for extended automated operation and thus longer ORSs; and 2) manage driving restrictions to certain driving automation systems. Finally, a case study is presented showing the applicability of the ORS concept on a two-lane rural road segment.
Manipulating Cardiomyocyte Plasticity for Heart Regeneration
Authors: Ko Toshiyuki , Nomura Seitaro
Published: July 2022

Pathological heart injuries such as myocardial infarction induce adverse ventricular remodeling and progression to heart failure owing to widespread cardiomyocyte death. The adult mammalian heart is terminally differentiated unlike those of lower vertebrates. Therefore, the proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is limited and insufficient to restore an injured heart. Although current therapeutic approaches can delay progressive remodeling and heart failure, difficulties with the direct replenishment of lost cardiomyocytes results in a poor long-term prognosis for patients with heart failure. However, it has been revealed that cardiac function can be improved by regulating the cell cycle or changing the cell state of cardiomyocytes by delivering specific genes or small molecules. Therefore, manipulation of cardiomyocyte plasticity can be an effective treatment for heart disease. This review summarizes the recent studies that control heart regeneration by manipulating cardiomyocyte plasticity with various approaches including differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes, reprogramming cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and reactivating the proliferation of cardiomyocytes.
Enhancement of Chromatin and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Porcine SCNT Embryos—Progresses and Perspectives
Authors: Glanzner Werner Giehl , de Macedo Mariana Priotto , Gutierrez Karina , Bordignon Vilceu
Published: July 2022

Over the last 25 years, cloned animals have been produced by transferring somatic cell nuclei into enucleated oocytes (SCNT) in more than 20 mammalian species. Among domestic animals, pigs are likely the leading species in the number of clones produced by SCNT. The greater interest in pig cloning has two main reasons, its relevance for food production and as its use as a suitable model in biomedical applications. Recognized progress in animal cloning has been attained over time, but the overall efficiency of SCNT in pigs remains very low, based on the rate of healthy, live born piglets following embryo transfer. Accumulating evidence from studies in mice and other species indicate that new strategies for promoting chromatin and epigenetic reprogramming may represent the beginning of a new era for pig cloning.
Bismuth Oxyhalide-Based Materials (BiOX: X = Cl, Br, I) and Their Application in Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water: A Review
Authors: Castillo-Cabrera G. Xavier , Espinoza-Montero Patricio J. , Alulema-Pullupaxi Paulina , Mora José Ramón , Villacís-García Milton H.
Published: July 2022

An important target of photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology is the development of semiconductor-based photoelectrodes capable of absorbing solar energy (visible light) and promoting oxidation and reduction reactions. Bismuth oxyhalide-based materials BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I) meet these requirements. Their crystalline structure, optical and electronic properties, and photocatalytic activity under visible light mean that these materials can be coupled to other semiconductors to develop novel heterostructures for photoelectrochemical degradation systems. This review provides a general overview of controlled BiOX powder synthesis methods, and discusses the optical and structural features of BiOX-based materials, focusing on heterojunction photoanodes. In addition, it summarizes the most recent applications in this field, particularly photoelectrochemical performance, experimental conditions and degradation efficiencies reported for some organic pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, organic dyes, phenolic derivatives, etc.). Finally, as this review seeks to serve as a guide for the characteristics and various properties of these interesting semiconductors, it discusses future PEC-related challenges to explore.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Factors Involved in Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Biofilm Formation
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Wang Pengfei , Liu Pingping , Ou Jie
Published: July 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm poses a serious threat to food safety and human health. However, there is limited knowledge of transcriptional regulatory mechanism during the biofilm formation of this organism. Hence, the RNA sequencing technique was employed to compare the differences in transcriptome profiles between planktonic and biofilm state of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC33847 in this study. Collections of mRNA from planktonic and biofilm cells cultured at 25°C for 36 h were sequenced by studying their biological characteristics. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression levels of 956 genes in biofilms compared with planktonic cells. These differences suggested that two-component regulatory system (TCS) and quorum sensing (QS) regulated V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation by affecting important factors such as flagellar motility, Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, tripartite ATP-independent (TRAP) transport system and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport system. The present work in transcriptomics serves as a basis for future studies examining the complex network systems that regulate bacterial biofilm formation.
Alive Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospires Enter and Exit Human and Mouse Macrophages With No Intracellular Replication
Authors: Santecchia Ignacio , Bonhomme Delphine , Papadopoulos Stylianos , Escoll Pedro , Giraud-Gatineau Alexandre , Moya-Nilges Maryse , Vernel-Pauillac Frédérique , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Werts Catherine
Published: July 2022

Leptospira interrogansare pathogenic bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonosis impacting 1 million peopleperyear worldwide. Leptospires can infect all vertebrates, but not all hosts develop similar symptoms. Human and cattle may suffer from mild to acute illnesses and are therefore considered as sensitive to leptospirosis. In contrast, mice and rats remain asymptomatic upon infection, although they get chronically colonized in their kidneys. Upon infection, leptospires are stealth pathogens that partially escape the recognition by the host innate immune system. Although leptospires are mainly extracellular bacteria, it was suggested that they could also replicate within macrophages. However, contradictory data in the current literature led us to reevaluate these findings. Using a gentamicin–protection assay coupled to high-content (HC) microscopy, we observed that leptospires were internalizedin vivoupon peritoneal infection of C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, three different serotypes of pathogenicL. interrogansand the saprophyticL. biflexaactively infected both human (PMA differentiated) THP1 and mouse RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Next, we assessed the intracellular fate of leptospires using bioluminescent strains, and we observed a drastic reduction in the leptospiral intracellular load between 3 h and 6 h post-infection, suggesting that leptospires do not replicate within these cells. Surprisingly, the classical macrophage microbicidal mechanisms (phagocytosis, autophagy, TLR–mediated ROS, and RNS production) were not responsible for the observed decrease. Finally, we demonstrated that the reduction in the intracellular load was associated with an increase of the bacteria in the supernatant, suggesting that leptospires exit both human and murine macrophages. Overall, our study reevaluated the intracellular fate of leptospires and favors an active entrance followed by a rapid exit, suggesting that leptospires do not have an intracellular lifestyle in macrophages.
The European Union's CBAM as a de facto Climate Club: The Governance Challenges
Authors: Szulecki Kacper , Overland Indra , Smith Ida Dokk
Published: July 2022

The European Commission has announced far-reaching reforms to accelerate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Among the proposals constituting the European Green Deal is the adoption of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to prevent carbon leakage. In practice, however, CBAM will not only act as a shield for the European Emissions Trading System (ETS) but also incentivize other countries to implement compatible carbon pricing schemes. We argue that the EU's CBAM thus de facto has the features of a climate club, but the current proposals and debate do not address how the club would be governed. While the literature focuses on legal and economic aspects of CBAM design, there is little debate about the governance challenges it entails. We identify two major challenges. CBAM will put pressure on trade partners to introduce carbon pricing and/or bring it into line with the price of EU ETS allowances. However, the future availability and thus price of ETS allowances is determined within the EU. Secondly, the method for calculating embedded carbon is left to the discretion of the European Commission. EU policymakers need to acknowledge the challenges that follow from setting up a de facto climate club, and that addressing them involves a trade-off between maintaining control over the direction and ambition of climate policy and CBAM's legitimacy.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Pulmonary Embolism: Clinical Characteristics and Early Recognition
Authors: Shi Maojing , Gao Weibo , Jin Yuebo , Zhu Jihong , Liu Yuansheng , Wang Tianbing , Li Chun
Published: July 2022

Background

Pulmonary thromboembolism is a common disease frequently encountered in the emergency room and has a high mortality rate. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a high-risk factor for recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE). It is critical to effectively administer anticoagulants to avoid the recurrence of thrombotic events. This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics of APS patients with PE (APS-PE) and to develop a risk score for determining the presence of APS in PE patients in the emergency situations.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 76 PE patients in this study, with 46 patients in the APS-PE group and 30 patients in the non-APS-PE group. We compared differences in demographics, laboratory parameters, and early mortality risk between the two groups. Risk factors for APS-PE were screened using logistic regression analysis. We also developed an early risk score using multivariate analysis weighted points proportional to the β- regression coefficient values and calculated the sensitivity and specificity for APS in PE patients.

Results

In the APS-PE group, we observed a higher proportion of males (43.6 vs. 20%), a higher proportion of low-risk patients (58.7 vs. 10%), lower levels of white blood cells and platelets (PLT), longer activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and a slight increase in D-dimer levels. Patients who were triple positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were younger. The APTT gradually increased as the number of positive aPLs increased. The risk factors for APS included male (OR = 5.565, 95% CI 1.176–26.341), decreased PLT (OR = 0.029, 95% CI 0.003–0.330), slightly increased D-dimer (OR = 0.089, 95% CI 0.019–0.426), and prolonged APTT (OR = 4.870, 95% CI 1.189–19.951). The risk score was named MPDA and included male, PLT, D-dimer and APTT, which can predict APS in PE patients with the AUC at 0.888 (95% CI 0.811–0.965).

Conclusion

The risk factors for APS in PE patients are male, low PLT, prolonged APTT and slightly increased D-dimer. The MPDA is a quantitative scoring system which is highly suggestive of APS in PE patients.
Analysis of Clinical Features of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induced Kounis Syndrome
Authors: Wang Chunjiang , Fang Weijin , Song Liying , Deng Zhenzhen , Li Zuojun , Sun Linli
Published: July 2022

Background

Current knowledge of Kounis syndrome induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is based on case reports. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Kounis syndrome.

Methods

Case reports of the NSAIDs-induced Kounis syndrome were analyzed by searching Chinese and English databases from 1 January 1950 to 31 January 2022.

Results

The median age of the 45 included patients (28 women) was 51 years (20–80 years). NSAIDs that were the most frequently involved were diclofenac (26.7%, 12/45), metamizole (15.6%, 7/45), and aspirin (13.3%, 6/45). Kounis syndrome occurred mainly within 30 min after administration, with a maximum latency of 1 month. Chest pain (75.6%, 34/45), dyspnea (33.3%, 15/45), and allergic reactions (44.4%, 20/45) were the most common clinical manifestations. Thirty patients (66.7%) had an ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. Echocardiogram and coronary angiography showed abnormalities in 21 patients (75%, 21/28) and 15 patients (37.5%, 15/40). Forty-four patients (97.8%) had a good prognosis after treatment with steroids, antihistamines, and vasodilators.

Conclusion

The possibility of Kounis syndrome should be considered in the presence of coronary artery disease symptoms when taking NSAIDs. Kounis syndrome can be life-threatening. It is essential to identify and treat Kounis syndrome correctly.
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist Tolerance in Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ramsell Stuart , Arias Bermudez Carlos , Takem Baiyee Cyril Ayuk Mbeng , Rodgers Brandon , Parikh Samir , Almaani Salem , Sharma Nidhi , LoRusso Samantha , Freimer Miriam , Redder Elyse , Bumma Naresh , Vallkati Ajay , Efebera Yvonne , Kahwash Rami , Campbell Courtney M.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Beta-adrenergic antagonists or blockers (BB) are a cornerstone of cardiac therapy for multiple indications. However, BB are considered relatively contraindicated in amyloid cardiomyopathy due to poor tolerance. This intolerance is hypothesized to be due to concomitant neuropathy and significant restrictive cardiomyopathy. This study analyzes the incidence and characteristics of BB tolerance in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy.

Methods

Through a single-center retrospective chart review, patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy, confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy or technetium-99 pyrophosphate scan, were identified and clinical data was collected. Statistical methods included Chi-square test and two sample t-tests.

Results

Of 135 cardiac amyloidosis patients, 27 patients (20.0%) had no BB use, 56 patients (41.5%) were current BB users, and 52 patients (38.5%) were prior BB users. The most frequent indications for BB use were heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmia. The most common reason for stopping BB therapy was hypotension (62.8%) followed by fatigue, bradycardia, and orthostasis. Neurologic symptoms at the initial BB prescription or most recent evaluation were not significantly different between current and prior BB users. Their cardiovascular profiles were similar by ejection fraction, wall thickness, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide. There was no association for BB discontinuation based on amyloid subtype, sex, or race.

Conclusion

The majority of patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy were prescribed BB, and over half of these patients still tolerated BB therapy. Current and prior BB users had similar profiles from a cardiovascular and neurologic perspective, with no association identified to predict BB discontinuation.
Peripheral Microangiopathy Changes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Related to Systemic Sclerosis: Data From a Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Giuggioli Dilia , Riccieri Valeria , Cipolletta Edoardo , Del Papa Nicoletta , Ingegnoli Francesca , Spinella Amelia , Pellegrino Greta , Risa Anna Maria , de Pinto Marco , Papa Silvia , Armentaro Giuseppe , De Angelis Rossella
Published: July 2022

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by immune-system alterations, fibrosis involving the skin and internal organs and diffuse microangiopathy. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of SSc affecting about 10–15% of the patients and it is a leading cause of mortality. Due to the devastating nature of SSc-PAH, there is a clear need to systematically adopt appropriate screening programs. Nail fold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) studies have shown a more severe peripheral microvascular dysfunction in SSc patients with PAH suggesting that abnormalities in peripheral microcirculation may correlate with pulmonary microangiopathy. This is a cross-sectional study involving four tertiary University Rheumatology Units in the Center-North of Italy. Seventy patients, 35 adults with SSc and PAH confirmed by RHC (F/M 34/1; median age 65.2 ± 8.9 SD yrs), and 35 SSc patients without PAH were enrolled (F/M 3471; median age 63.3 ± 10.3 SD yrs). Clinical, laboratoristic and instrumental data were collected and NVC was performed in all patient. Specific NVC parameters were evaluated and a semi-quantitative rating scale was adopted to score these changes. Finally, patients were distributed into the suitable NVC pattern belonging to the scleroderma pattern. Our aim was to compare the peripheral microangiopathy changes in SSc patients with and without PAH, and to investigate the relationship between NVC findings and the main hemodynamic parameters of pulmonary vasculopathy. Patients with SSc-PAH+ showed a significant higher frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD). No significant differences regarding clinical and laboratoristic parameters were observed. NVC abnormalities, avascular areas were more frequent in SSc patients with PAH, respect to those without (p = 0.03), and capillary density was significantly lower when considering grade 3 (p = 0.02). A higher NVC semiquantitative mean was found in SSc-PAH+ patients and a greater rate of the “late” pattern was detected in SSc-PAH+ subjects in respect to PAH- (57.1% vs. 25.7%) (p = 0.03). A significant correlations between pulmonary pressure values (sPAP by TTE and mPAP by RHC) and the capillary density (Spearman's rho 0.35, p = 0.04 for both). Our findings provide additional evidence to the literature data, confirming that a higher degree of peripheral nailfold microangiopathy is more common in SSc-PAH patients, and further strengthening the concept that NVC changes may run parallel with similar abnormalities inside pulmonary microcirculation.