bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic determination of rosuvastatin in rabbit plasma and evaluation of its pharmacokinetics and interaction with niacin
Authors: El‐Kommos Michael E. , Mohamed Niveen A. , Ali Hassan R. H. , Abdel Hakiem Ahmed F.
Published: May 2014

A specific, accurate, precise and reproducible micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method was developed for in vitro and in vivo estimation of rosuvastatin, a synthetic and potent HMG‐CoA inhibitor, in rabbit plasma. Further, its pharmacokinetics in the presence of niacin, which could be co‐administered for monitoring of severe hypercholestremia, was investigated. The assay procedures involved simple liquid–liquid extraction of rosuvastatin and internal standard, atorvastatin, from a small plasma volume directly into acetonitrile. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected electrokinetically into electropherosis system. The background electrolyte consisted of borate buffer (25.0 mm, pH 9.5), 10.0% organic modifier (5.0% methanol + 5.0% acetonitrile) and 25.0 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate at 20.0 kV applied voltage and 215.0 nm detection wavelength for the effective separation of rosuvastatin, niacin and atorvastatin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of caffeic acid to human serum albumin by the retention data and frontal analysis
Authors: An Yuxin , Li Qian , Chen Jiejun , Gao Xiaokang , Chen Hongwei , Xiao Chaoni , Bian Liujiao , Zheng Jianbin , Zhao Xinfeng , Zheng Xiaohui
Published: May 2014

A new mathematical model and frontal analysis were used to characterize the binding behavior of caffeic acid to human serum albumin (HSA) based on high‐performance affinity chromatography. The experiments were carried out by injecting various mole amounts of the drug onto an immobilized HSA column. They indicated that caffeic acid has only one type of binding site to HSA on which the association constant was 2.75 × 104/m. The number of the binding site involving the interaction between caffeic acid and HSA was 69 nm. The data obtained by the frontal analysis appeared to present the same results for both the association constant and the number of binding sites. This new model based on the relationship between the mole amounts of injection and capacity factors assists understanding of drug–protein interaction. The proposed model also has the advantages of ligand saving and rapid operation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three New Phenylpropanoids from the Roots of Piper taiwanense and Their Inhibitory Activities on Platelet Aggregation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Chen Si , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Wu Chin‐Chung , Peng Chien‐Fang , Huang Hung‐Yi , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Wang Chyi‐Jia , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: May 2014

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the active AcOEt‐soluble fraction from the roots of Piper taiwanense has led to the isolation of two new phenylpropanoids, taiwanensols A and B (1 and 2, resp.), a new natural product, taiwanensol C (3), and 3‐acetoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐allylbenzene (4). The compounds were obtained as two isomer mixtures (1/2 and 3/4, resp.). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and by the comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their antiplatelet and antitubercular activities. The mixtures 1/2 and 3/4 showed potent inhibitory activities against platelet aggregation induced by collagen, with IC50 values of 35.2 and 8.8 μM, respectively. In addition, 1/2 and 3/4 showed antitubercular activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, with MIC values of 30.0 and 48.0 μg/ml, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexagonal Bipyramidal [Ta2B6]‐/0 Clusters: B6 Rings as Structural Motifs.
Authors: Li Wei‐Li , Xie Lu , Jian Tian , Romanescu Constantin , Huang Xin , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: May 2014

The title clusters are obtained by laser ablation of cold‐pressed targets composed of Ta, 11B, and Ag or Bi as binders and calibrants for subsequent photoelectron spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Mn2Ln3Sb3O14 (Ln: La, Pr and Nd): A New Ordered Rhombohedral Pyrochlore.
Authors: Fu W. T. , IJdo D. J. W.
Published: May 2014

The crystal structure of the title compounds is determined by Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Synthetic Tetrahedrites.
Authors: Heo Jaeseok , Laurita Geneva , Muir Sean , Subramanian M. A. , Keszler Douglas A.
Published: May 2014

Cu10M2Sb4S13 (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) and the solid solution Cu12‐xMnxSb4S13 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 450 °C, 3 weeks) followed by pressure sintering for further pellet compaction (450 °C, 10 MPa).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Substituted Secondary Allylic Alcohols from Terminal Alkynes and Aldehydes via Vinylaluminum Reagents.
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Kawasaki Hiroki , Harada Toshiro
Published: May 2014

The use of Me2AlH is essential in the Ni‐catalyzed hydroalumination step to generate reactivity‐tuned vinylaluminum reagents not able to reduce the aldehyde starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Introducing the Diels—Alder Reactivity of 2‐Furanmethanethiol with Selected Maleic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Schwan Adrian L. , Shkoor Mohanad Gh. , Nikoloska Irena
Published: May 2014

Surprisingly, a clean Diels—Alder reaction occurs between 2‐furylmethanethiol (I) and maleic acid in Et2O furnishing exclusively the exo‐adduct (III) in excellent yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis and Application to the Allylic Imidate Rearrangement of Amine‐Coordinated Palladacycle Catalysts of Cobalt Sandwich Complexes.
Authors: Cassar Doyle J. , Ilyashenko Gennadiy , Ismail Muhammad , Woods James , Hughes David L. , Richards Christopher J.
Published: May 2014

The enantioselective palladation of amine substrates followed by enantioselective transcyclopalladation enables the synthesis of ferrocene‐based phosphapalladacycles with good enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of the Aryl α‐Ketoesters from Acetophenones Mediated by KI.
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Su Jihu , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong
Published: May 2014

This anodic oxidation of acetophenones in the presence of methanol or ethanol not only provides a simple approach to α‐ketoester derivatives, but also delivers a new method to construct a C‐O bond by anodic oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Common Ligands for the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Amination of Alcohols.
Authors: Baumann Wolfgang , Spannenberg Anke , Pfeffer Jan , Haas Thomas , Koeckritz Angela , Martin Andreas , Deutsch Jens
Published: May 2014

The catalytic suitability of a new ruthenium complex for the one‐step conversion of primary and secondary alcohols into amines is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Non‐Infringing Route for Enantioselective Synthesis of Antiepileptic Agent Lacosamide.
Authors: Wadavrao Sachin B. , Narikimalli Ashritha , Narsaiah A. Venkat
Published: May 2014

The target compound is synthesized in 8 steps and 29% overall yield starting from acrylic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Cycloheptanedione via a Lewis Acid Mediated Ring Expansion Reaction.
Authors: Inomata Kohei , Endo Yasuyuki
Published: May 2014

The reaction of (Ib) is carried out on a gram scale requiring reflux conditions and affording the product in comparable yield.
ChemInform Abstract: En route to Multicatalysis: Kinetic Resolution of trans‐Cycloalkane‐1,2‐diols via Oxidative Esterification.
Authors: Hofmann Christine , Schuler Soeren M. M. , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: May 2014

A variety of aldehydes are activated by 4‐nitrobenzoic acid and oxidized by TEMPO to afford the mixed anhydrides followed by the enantioselective reaction with cycloalkane‐1,2‐diols leading to the optically enriched diols and esters.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Triphenylphosphine Oxide Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,3‐Dichlorination of Unsaturated Ketoesters.
Authors: Yu Tian‐Yang , Wang Yao , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: May 2014

A mechanism of the title scalable reaction is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Route to 1,3‐Diketones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Acetylacetone.
Authors: Korsager Signe , Nielsen Dennis U. , Taaning Rolf H. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: May 2014

The selective route to diketones and triketones involves a three‐component Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative α‐arylation with high functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Approach to Acid Chloride Synthesis.
Authors: Quesnel Jeffrey S. , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: May 2014

Additionally a procedure for the one‐pot preparation of amides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Aminonaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones from 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Zanwar Manoj R. , Kavala Veerababurao , Gawande Sachin D. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Chen Mei‐Ling , He Chiu‐Hui , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: May 2014

A convenient method for the synthesis of naphthofuran diones (III) through condensation of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with nitrostyrenes under aqueous conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Knoevenagel‐Type Indoles via in situ Condensation of Iminium Salts with Active Methylene Reagents.
Authors: Ranise Angelo , Lucchesini Francesco , Caviglia Matteo , Alfei Silvana , Spallarossa Andrea , Caneva Chiara
Published: May 2014

Et3N‐mediated condensation of preformed or in situ generated indole iminium salts with active methylene reagents provides stereoselectively Knoevenagel‐type indoles in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Acid‐Promoted Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives via a Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Chen Chung‐Yu , Hu Wan‐Ping , Yan Pi‐Cheng , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: May 2014

The synthesized compounds are screened with respect to fluorescence and UV absorption, and compound (XIII) showed the furthest red‐shifted emission and absorption.
ChemInform Abstract: Furo[2,3‐c]pyrans from a Vinyl Sulfone Modified Methyl 2,6‐O‐Anhydro‐α‐D‐hexopyranoside: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation.
Authors: Manna Chinmoy , Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit , Pathak Tanmaya
Published: May 2014

Title vinyl sulfone (III) is applied as Michael acceptor for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nucleophiles for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Indoloquinolinones via Pd(II)/Cu(II)‐Mediated Oxidative C—C Bond Formation and I(III)‐Mediated C—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Deng Jun , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: May 2014

An alternative route to prepare synthetically and biologically interesting indoloquinolinones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Acridone—Pterocarpan Conjugate: A Hybrid Molecular Probe for Recognition of Nucleic Acids.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Maitra Ratnava , Kundu Indranil , Jana Manoranjan , Mandal Sushil K. , Khuda‐Bukhsh Anisur Rahman
Published: May 2014

Molecules containing acridone and pterocarpan structural subunits are synthesized and their capability of binding duplex DNA is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinones: N‐Aryl‐2‐chloroacetamides as Doubly Electrophilic Building Blocks.
Authors: Janardhan Banothu , Srinivas Basavoju , Rajitha Bavantula , Crooks Peter A.
Published: May 2014

Two facile procedures for the cyclocondensation of substrate (I) with the building blocks (II) or (IV) to produce fused thiazolopyrimidinone derivatives are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Catalysis by Lewis Acidic Organofluorophosphonium Salts.
Authors: Perez Manuel , Hounjet Lindsay J. , Caputo Christopher B. , Dobrovetsky Roman , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: May 2014

In addition to the hydrosilylation reaction, the catalyst can also be used for the isomerization of alkenes under similar conditions (without a silane), e.g. 1‐hexene is isomerized to an E/Z mixture of 2‐hexene along with small amounts of polymerization products.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Mediated Oxidative C—H/P—H Functionalization: An Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Benzo[b]phosphole Oxides.
Authors: Chen Yun‐Rong , Duan Wei‐Liang
Published: May 2014

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of benzo[b]phosphole oxides via a Ag‐mediated oxidative C—H/P—H functionalization reaction of disubstituted phosphine oxides with internal alkynes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of α‐Stannylated and α‐Iodinated Enamides via Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Hydrostannation.
Authors: Maity Pulakesh , Klos Manuel R. , Kazmaier Uli
Published: May 2014

A novel molybdenum catalyst is used for the regioselective α‐hydrostannation of ynamides (I) yielding E‐configurated enamides (III) which undergo tin‐iodine exchange to give iodinated enamides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxymethylated Phyllobilins: A Puzzling New Feature of the Dioxobilin Branch of Chlorophyll Breakdown.
Authors: Suessenbacher Iris , Christ Bastien , Hoertensteiner Stefan , Kraeutler Bernhard
Published: May 2014

A structural investigation of dioxobilin‐type chlorophyll catabolites (DCC) in the methylesterase16 mutant of Arbidopsis thaliana is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Staining of Zeolite Acidity: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives on Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Kerssens Marleen M. , Sprung Christoph , Whiting Gareth T. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: May 2014

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Titanosilicates: From the Medium Pore TS‐1 Zeolite to Highly‐Accessible Ordered Materials
Authors: Moliner Manuel , Corma Avelino
Published: May 2014

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Post‐Synthetic Modification of MOFs
Authors: Burrows Andrew D.
Published: May 2014

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Access to α‐Oxo Gold Carbenes by N—O Bond Oxidants
Authors: Yeom Hyun‐Suk , Shin Seunghoon
Published: May 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐Benzodiazepines. Overview of Properties and Synthetic Aspects
Authors: Pareek Aastha , Kumar Navneet , Agarwal Anshu , Sharma Pratima , Kishore Dharma
Published: May 2014

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Catalysts and Ligands for Enantioselective Gold Catalysis
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Lackner Aaron D. , Toste F. Dean
Published: May 2014

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Microwave Irradiation in Synthesis and Diagnosis Treatment
Authors: Liu Ming , Hu Wen‐Xiang
Published: May 2014

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biological Potential of Azetidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Arya Nikhilesh , Jagdale Archana Y. , Patil Tushar A. , Yeramwar Shradha S. , Holikatti Sidharam S. , Dwivedi Jaya , Shishoo Chamanlal J. , Jain Kishor S.
Published: May 2014

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of the Plants from the Genus Phyllanthus
Authors: Qi Weiyan , Hua Lei , Gao Kun
Published: May 2014

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Asymmetric Intermolecular Halogenation of Alkenes
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Ling
Published: May 2014

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroimidazoles and Their Heteroanellated Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties (Review)
Authors: Lipunova G. N. , Nosova E. V. , Charushin V. N.
Published: May 2014

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Stereocontrol Transmitted Through Helicity
Authors: Johnston Craig P. , Smith Martin D.
Published: May 2014

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Applications of Binuclear Metallohydrolases in Medicine: Recent Advances in the Design and Development of Novel Drug Leads for Purple Acid Phosphatases, Metallo‐β‐lactamases and Arginases
Authors: McGeary Ross P. , Schenk Gerhard , Guddat Luke W.
Published: May 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reflections on the Magnetic Pair Distribution Function
Authors: Ratcliff, William II
Published: May 2014

Review: 8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Geochemistry of Soil Organic Matter by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Technique: A Review
Authors: Mehrabanian Mojtaba
Published: May 2014

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton and Protonic Species: The Hidden Face of Solid State Chemistry. How to Measure H‐Content in Materials?
Authors: Colomban Ph.
Published: May 2014

Review: 154 refs.
Preparation and characterization of palladium–ruthenium composite membrane on alumina‐modified PSS substrate
Authors: Xu Nong , Kim Sung Su , Li Anwu , Grace John R. , Lim C. Jim , Boyd Tony
Published: May 2014

A new Ru/Pd/Al2O3/PSS layered membrane was fabricated by electroless plating of palladium and ruthenium for hydrogen separation. Pd and Ru were successively deposited on a pretreated PSS substrate using palladium and ruthenium plating baths at 333 and 358 K, respectively. EDX, XRD and XPS results confirmed the successful plating of ruthenium. Surface analysis showed that the palladium and ruthenium layers did not alloy significantly at temperatures of 723, 823 and 923 K over 100 h. The hydrogen permeation performance of the Pd–Ru composite membrane followed Sieverts' law, suggesting that diffusion of atomic hydrogen through the dense metal layer was rate‐limiting. The addition of ruthenium had a negligible effect on hydrogen permeability when the Ru weight content was ≤8 wt%. However, when the Ru content was increased to 11 wt%, H2permeability decreased by 10 %. The Pd–Ru membrane exhibited good chemical stability and high H2/N2selectivity in long‐term permeation testing.
Global Stability and Decay for the Classical Stefan Problem
Authors: Hadžić Mahir , Shkoller Steve
Published: May 2014

The classical one‐phase Stefan problem describes the temperature distribution in a homogeneous medium undergoing a phase transition, such as ice melting to water. This is accomplished by solving the heat equation on a time‐dependent domain whose boundary is transported by the normal derivative of the temperature along the evolving and a priori unknown free boundary. We establish a global‐in‐time stability result for nearly spherical geometries and small temperatures, using a novel hybrid methodology, which combines energy estimates, decay estimates, and Hopf‐type inequalities.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quasi‐2D and quasi‐steady hydraulic model for physical habitat simulations
Authors: Choi Sung‐Uk , Jung Sanghwa , Kim Seung Ki
Published: May 2014

This study presents a new hydraulic model for simulating the physical habitat of a river. The model is based on the quasi‐steady assumption that the flow is steady, but the channel morphology changes during the computational time step. The model is also capable of simulating flow distribution in the lateral direction, making the model quasi‐two‐dimensional. The physical habitat simulations are carried out for a reach including a bend in the Dal River in Korea. Zacco platypus is used as the target fish. The habitat suitability index model for Zacco platypus, based on field monitoring, is used for the habitat simulation. The hydraulic model simulates morphological changes caused by a flood and the result is compared with the two‐dimensional model. Simulation results obtained using the developed model compares favorably to calculations obtained using the two‐dimensional model. Distributions of the habitat suitability index are provided for various flows by the present model. It is found that the morphological change by the flood increases the habitat suitability significantly by decreasing the flow depth and increasing the velocity in the study reach. In addition, the time change of the weighted usable area based on the mobile‐bed computation is given, indicating that the flood decreases the habitat suitability seriously. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical models for shear strength of RC beam‐column joints using machine‐learning techniques
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Su , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , DesRoches Reginald
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes a new set of probabilistic joint shear strength models using the conventional multiple linear regression method, and advanced machine‐learning methods of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and symbolic regression (SR). In order to achieve high‐fidelity regression models with reduced model errors and bias, this study constructs extensive experimental databases for reinforced and unreinforced concrete joints by collecting existing beam‐column joint subassemblage tests from multiple sources. Various influential parameters that affect joint shear strength such as material properties, design parameters, and joint configuration are investigated through tests of statistical significance. After performing a set of regression analyses, the comparison of simulation results indicates that MARS approach is the best estimation method. Moreover, the accuracy of analytical predictions of the derived MARS model is compared with that of existing joint shear strength relationships. The comparison results show that the proposed model is more accurate compared to existing relationships. This joint shear strength prediction model can be readily implemented into joint response models for evaluation of earthquake performance and inelastic responses of building frames. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Distribution of Uncertainty: Evidence from the VIX Options Market
Authors: Völkert Clemens
Published: May 2014

This article investigates the informational content implied in the risk‐neutral distribution of the VIX, a leading barometer of economic uncertainty. We extract the risk‐neutral distribution from VIX option prices over the sample period from 2006 to 2011 using a non‐parametric approach. We analyze the time‐series behavior of the option‐implied moments and assess whether the information implied in the risk‐neutral distribution has predictive power. The risk‐neutral distribution considerably changed shape during the financial crisis. Furthermore, risk‐neutral moments contain useful information with respect to the likelihood of upward jumps in volatility. Consistent with investors disliking high levels of economic uncertainty, we find that the overall shape of the estimated volatility pricing kernel is increasing. For certain periods, there is a puzzling U‐shape. The behavior of the volatility pricing kernel over time reveals that the financial crisis has affected investors’ attitudes towards risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:597–624, 2015
Hydrothermal mineralization at the Dahu Au–Mo deposit in the Xiaoqinling gold field, Qinling Orogen, central China
Authors: Ni Zhi‐Yong , Li Nuo , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2014

The Xiaoqinling gold field in central China is the second largest orogenic Au province in China. In the Xiaoqinling area, the Dahu Au–Mo deposit is typical because it is one of the five early‐discovered large gold deposits, but also unique for its northernmost location and Mo‐association. This study shows that the deposit is a fault‐controlled lode system formed by a three‐stage hydrothermal process. The early‐stage pyrite–quartz veins are structurally deformed and broken. The middle‐stage molybdenite–pyrite–quartz stockworks (mostly coaxial) infill the cracks of the early‐stage veins and minerals. The late‐stage open‐space filling quartz–carbonate veinlets show a comb‐like texture. The early‐ and late‐stage quartz only contains the fluid inclusions of CO2–H2O and H2O–NaCl types, respectively, suggesting an evolution from CO2‐rich to CO2‐poor; whereas the middle‐stage quartz contains fluid inclusions of CO2–H2O, H2O–NaCl, pure CO2 and daughter mineral‐bearing types, supporting a boiling fluid system, because they can occur in a microscopic domain of a single crystal, homogenize divergently at similar temperatures clustering between 293 and 410 °C, and show contrasting salinities of <13.6 wt.% and >26.3 wt.% NaCl equiv. The inclusions in early‐stage quartz are homogenized at 402–503 °C, with salinities of 4.5–10.4 wt.% NaCl equiv.; and those in late‐stage quartz are homogenized at temperatures of <251 °C, with salinities of 14.4–14.8 wt.% NaCl equiv. The trapping pressures of inclusions are estimated to be 138–331 MPa in the early stage and 78–237 MPa in the middle stage, implying that the fluid system alternately fluctuated from lithostatic to hydrostatic, which was controlled by a fault–valve mechanism at depths of >11 km and ~7.8 km, respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope signatures indicate that the fluids originated from metamorphic devolatilization in the early stage, then mixed with meteoric water in the middle stage, and finally replaced by meteoric water in the late stage. Hence, it is concluded, that metal precipitation at the Dahu deposit was mainly caused by fluid boiling, followed by fluid mixing, along with a trans‐compressing at the transitional zone from a magmatic arc to back‐arc basin, which resulted from the Triassic northward subduction of the Mian‐Lue oceanic slab. © 2014 The Authors. Geological Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cancer may be a pathway to cell survival under persistent hypoxia and elevated ROS: A model for solid‐cancer initiation and early development
Authors: Zhang Chi , Cao Sha , Toole Bryan P. , Xu Ying
Published: May 2014

A number of proposals have been made in the past century regarding what may drive sporadic cancers to initiate and develop. Yet the problem remains largely unsolved as none of the proposals have been widely accepted as cancer‐initiation drivers. We propose here a driver model for the initiation and early development of solid cancers associated with inflammation‐induced chronic hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The model consists of five key elements: (i)human cells tend to have a substantial gap between ATP demand and supply during chronic hypoxia, which would inevitably lead to increased uptake of glucose and accumulation of its metabolites; (ii) the accumulation of these metabolites will cast mounting pressure on the cells and ultimately result in the production and export of hyaluronic acid; (iii) the exported hyaluronic acid will be degraded into fragments of various sizes, serving as tissue‐repair signals, including signals for cell proliferation, cell survival and angiogenesis, which lead to the initial proliferation of the underlying cells; (iv) cell division provides an exit for the accumulated glucose metabolites using them towards macromolecular synthesis for the new cell, and hence alleviate the pressure from the metabolite accumulation; and (v) this process continues as long as the hypoxic condition persists. In tandem, genetic mutations may be selected to make cell divisions and hence survival more sustainable and efficient, also increasingly more uncontrollable. This model also applies to some hereditary cancers as their key mutations, such as BRCA for breast cancer, generally lead to increased ROS and ultimately to repression of mitochondrial activities and up‐regulation of glycolysis, as well as hypoxia; hence the energy gap, glucose‐metabolite accumulation, hyaluronic acid production and continuous cell division for survival.
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) changed the expressions of proliferative related factors and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in rat bladder
Authors: Lin Zhang , Shengnan Liu , Fei Wang , Yingli Song , Qingshan Sun , Wei Sheng , Shuhua Xi. , Guifan Sun
Published: May 2014

Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), the major urinary metabolite of inorganic arsenic, is a urinary bladder carcinogen and bladder tumor promoter in adult rats. Increased urothelial cellular proliferation has been considered as an earlier phenotype in DMAV‐induced bladder carcinogenesis. The present study examined the ultrastructural changes of bladder epithelial cells and expressions of proliferation factors, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in rats exposed to DMAV for 10 weeks by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemical staining and ELISA methods. The results showed that DMAV administered in the drinking water produced urothelial cytotoxicity and ultrastructural changes in rats. PCNA, cyclin D1 and COX‐2 mRNA expressions and immunoreactivities were elevated in bladder urothelium. In addition, 200 ppm DMAV treatment increased the transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) secretion and decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF)‐α level in the urine of rats. These data suggest that chronic inflammation, bladder epithelium lesions and proliferation might be the basic process of the chronic toxicity effects in DMAV‐treated rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of common crosslinking agents on the stability of electrospun collagen scaffolds
Authors: Huang Gloria Portocarrero , Shanmugasundaram Shobana , Masih Pallavi , Pandya Deep , Amara Suwah , Collins George , Arinzeh Treena Livingston
Published: May 2014

Electrospinning is a widely used processing method to form fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds that mimic the structural features of the native extracellular matrix. Electrospun fibers made of collagen have been sought because it is a natural structural protein that supports cell attachment and growth. Yet, conventional solvents used to electrospin collagen can result in the loss of hydrolytic stability and fiber morphology of the scaffold. This study evaluated the effect of commonly used synthetic and natural crosslinking agents, genipin, glutaraldehyde, N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and EDC with N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC–NHS), on electrospun collagen. Crosslinked collagen scaffolds were assessed for structural integrity in an in vitro immersion study for up to 3 months. Their cytocompatibility was evaluated by human mesenchymal stem cell morphology and proliferation. Our results showed that dimensional stability and cytocompatibility of crosslinked electrospun collagen scaffolds are dependent on the type of crosslinking agent used. Collagen scaffolds treated with EDC and EDC–NHS were structurally stable and retained fiber structure for up to 3 months and were cytocompatible. Therefore, EDC and EDC–NHS are favorable crosslinking agents for electrospun collagen that can be utilized in tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 762–771, 2015.
The crosslinking degree controls the mechanical, rheological, and swelling properties of hyaluronic acid microparticles
Authors: Shimojo Andréa Arruda Martins , Pires Aline Mara Barbosa , Lichy Rafael , Rodrigues Ana Amélia , Santana Maria Helena Andrade
Published: May 2014

Viscosupplements, used for treating joint and cartilage diseases, restore the rheological properties of synovial fluid, regulate joint homeostasis and act as scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Most viscosupplements are hydrogels composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) microparticles suspended in fluid HA. These microparticles are crosslinked with chemicals to assure their stability against enzyme degradation and to prolong the action of the viscosupplement. However, the crosslinking also modifies the mechanical, swelling and rheological properties of the HA microparticle hydrogels, with consequences on the effectiveness of the application. The aim of this study is to correlate the crosslinking degree (CD) with these properties to achieve modulation of HA/DVS microparticles through CD control. Because divinyl sulfone (DVS) is the usual crosslinker of HA in viscosupplements, we examined the effects of CD by preparing HA microparticles at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1 HA/DVS mass ratios. The CD was calculated from inductively coupled plasma spectrometry data. HA microparticles were previously sized to a mean diameter of 87.5 µm. Higher CD increased the viscoelasticity and the extrusion force and reduced the swelling of the HA microparticle hydrogels, which also showed Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and were classified as covalent weak. The hydrogels were not cytotoxic to fibroblasts according to an MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 730–737, 2015.
Comparison of surface modification chemistries in mouse, porcine, and human islets
Authors: SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Kanak Mazhar A. , Itoh Takeshi , Horton Joshua M. , Naziruddin Bashoo , Kane Robert R.
Published: May 2014

Beta cell replacement therapy, the transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets by intraportal infusion, offers patients with brittle type 1 diabetes blood glucose regulation with a minimally invasive technique. Chemical modification of islets prior to transplantation, providing a nanothin barrier that potentially includes active protective compounds, has been proposed as a strategy to minimize the inflammatory and immune reactions that often significantly limit graft function and duration. Chemical modification also has the potential to allow the use of alternative sources of islets, such as porcine islets, for transplantation. This investigation compared three orthogonal covalent islet modification techniques across three species (human, porcine, and murine), using multiple measures to determine biocompatibility and effectiveness. All three conjugation chemistries were well tolerated, and the overall efficiency, gross uniformity, and stability of the surface modifications were dependent upon the conjugation chemistry as well as the islet source (human, porcine, or murine). Notably, the reductive modification of surface disulfides was shown to afford intense and long‐lasting modification of human islets. This study demonstrates that murine, human, and porcine islets tolerate a variety of covalent modifications, that these modifications are relatively stable, and that the murine islet model may not be predictive for some chemical contexts. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 869–877, 2015.
Biodegradable polyester‐based microcarriers with modified surface tailored for tissue engineering
Authors: Privalova A. , Markvicheva E. , Sevrin Ch. , Drozdova M. , Kottgen C. , Gilbert B. , Ortiz M. , Grandfils Ch.
Published: May 2014

Microcarriers have been proposed in tissue engineering, namely for bone, cartilage, skin, vascular, and central nervous system. Although polyester‐based microcarriers have been already used for this purpose, their surface properties should be improved to provide better cell growth. The goal of this study was to prepare microbeads based on poly(d,l‐lactide) acid, poly(l‐lactide) acid, and to study cell behavior (adhesion, spreading, growth, and proliferation) in function of microbead topography and surface chemistry. To improve L‐929 fibroblasts adhesion, microbead surface has been modified with three polycations: chitosan, poly(2‐dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) (PDMAEMA), or chitosan‐g‐oligolactide copolymer (chit‐g‐OLA). Although modification of the microbead surface with chitosan and PDMAEMA was performed through physical adsorption on the previously prepared microbeads, chit‐g‐OLA copolymer was introduced directly during microbead processing. This simple approach (1) bypass the use of an emulsifier (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA); (2) avoid surface “contamination” with PVA molecules limiting a control of the surface characteristics. In vitro study of the growth of mouse fibroblasts on the microbeads showed that both surface topography and chemistry affected cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. Cultivation of L‐929 fibroblasts for 7 days resulted in the formation of a 3D cell‐scaffold network. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 939–948, 2015.
Search for Breast Cancer Biomarkers in Fractionated Serum Samples by Protein Profiling With SELDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Opstal‐van Winden Annemieke W.J. , Beijnen Jos H. , Loof Arnoud , van Heerde Waander L. , Vermeulen Roel , Peeters Petra H.M. , van Gils Carla H.
Published: May 2014

Background

Many high‐abundant acute phase reactants have been previously detected as potential breast cancer biomar‐kers. However, they are unlikely to be specific for breast cancer. Cancer‐specific biomarkers are thought to be among the lower abundant proteins.

Methods

We aimed to detect lower abundant discriminating proteins by performing serum fractionation by strong anion exchange chromatography preceding protein profiling with SELDI‐TOF MS. In a pilot study, we tested the different fractions resulting from fractionation, on several array types. Fraction 3 on IMAC30 and Fraction 6 on Q10 yielded the most discriminative proteins and were used for serum protein profiling of 73 incident breast cancer cases and 73 matched controls.

Results

Eight peaks showed statistically significantly different intensities between cases and controls (P⧁0.05), and had less than 10% chance to be a false‐positive finding. Seven of these were tentatively identified as apolipoprotein C‐II (m/z 8,909), oxidized apolipoprotein C‐II (m/z 8,925), apolipoprotein C‐III (m/z 8,746), fragment of coagulation factor XIIIa (m/z 3,959), heterodimer of apolipoprotein A‐I and apolipoprotein A‐II (m/z 45,435), hemoglobin B‐chain (m/z 15,915), and post‐translational modified hemoglobin (m/z 15,346).

Conclusion

By extensive serum fractionation, we detected many more proteins than in previous studies without fractionation. However, discriminating proteins were still high abundant. Results indicate that either lower abundant proteins are less distinctive, or more rigorous fractionation and selective protein depletion, or a more sensitive assay, are needed to detect lower abundant discriminative proteins.
Application of Electrochemical Biosensors in Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Monošík Rastislav , Stred'anský Miroslav , Šturdík Ernest
Published: May 2014

Analyses in the clinical area need quick and reliable analytical methods and devices. For this purpose, biosensors can be a suitable option, whereas they are constructed to be simple for use, specific for the target analyte, capable of continuous monitoring and giving quick results, potentially low‐costing and portable. In this article, we describe electrochemical biosensors developed for clinical diagnosis, namely for glucose, lactate, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, DNA, antigens, antibodies, and cancer markers assays. Chosen biosensors showed desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and potential for application on real samples. They are often designed to avoid interference with undesired components present in the monitored systems.
PATHWAYS FROM SCHOOL SUSPENSION TO ADOLESCENT NONVIOLENT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN STUDENTS IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA AND WASHINGTON STATE, UNITED STATES
Authors: Hemphill Sheryl A. , Herrenkohl Todd I. , Plenty Stephanie M. , Toumbourou John W. , Catalano Richard F. , McMorris Barbara J.
Published: May 2014

School suspension is associated with school dropout, crime, delinquency, and alcohol and other drug use for the suspended student. Important research questions are how academic and related factors are relevant to the school suspension process and the generality of the process in different sites. State‐representative samples of Grade 7 students (N = 1,945) in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia were followed from 2002 to 2004. In both states, Grade 7 school suspension was associated with higher rates of nonviolent antisocial behavior and suspension 24 months later, before Grade 8 factors were entered into the model. Relevant factors were Grade 8 low school grades and association with antisocial peers, as well as Grade 8 antisocial behavior in Washington State only. The implications of these findings for the ways in which suspension is used in schools are outlined.
Dynamic single‐cell analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under process perturbation: comparison of different methods for monitoring the intensity of population heterogeneity
Authors: Delvigne Frank , Baert Jonathan , Gofflot Sébastien , Lejeune Annick , Telek Samuel , Johanson Ted , Lantz Anna Eliasson
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Single cell biology has attracted a lot of attention in recent years and has led to numerous fundamental results pointing out the heterogeneity of clonal cell populations. In this context, microbial phenotypic heterogeneity under bioprocessing conditions needs to be further investigated. In this study, yeast based processes have been investigated by using on‐line flow cytometry (FC) in combination with a fluorescent transcriptional reporter (GFP) and viability fluorescence tags (propidium iodide, PI). Methods aiming at expressing the dispersion of these fluorescence tags among the yeast populations have been investigated for different bioreactor operating conditions.

RESULTS

Yeast viability was determined on the basis of PI uptake. Segregation between PI negative and positive subpopulations could be efficiently quantified on the basis of the mean‐to‐median ratio or the amplitude of the interquartile range. On the other hand, the same quantification could not be made for the segregation occurring at the level of GFP synthesis. Indeed, when cells were exposed to sub‐lethal or mild stresses (such as in scale‐down reactors) two GFP subpopulations could be visualized by real‐time FC, but quantification by one of the above‐mentioned methods was not possible.

CONCLUSIONS

Yeast population heterogeneity was observed in representative bioreactor operating conditions. Difficulties for the determination of segregation at the level of GFP synthesis point out the fact that one needs to understand the segregation mechanisms for the applied fluorescent reporters, to judge whether simple mathematical tools may be applied or if more sophisticated computational tools are needed for quantification of the microbial population segregation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A relatively simple scaling method for describing the unsaturated hydraulic functions of stony soils
Authors: Hlaváčiková Hana , Novák Viliam
Published: May 2014

Few if any methods exist to estimate the effects of stone content (stoniness) on the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. A relatively simple scaling method is presented to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils having different stone contents. A key assumption of the method is that van Genuchten's water retention parameters α and n of the fine soil fraction are the same as those of the stony soil. The method further assumes a linearly decreasing relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the stone content, based on previous numerical simulations. Using the proposed method, it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils, knowing the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fine soil fraction, the retention curve of the fine soil fraction, and the particular stoniness of the soil.
Identification of unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of hydrocarbons in commercial fish oil supplements
Authors: Reid Anna‐Jean M , Budge Suzanne M
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Heightened awareness of the health benefits of fish oil consumption has led to a great increase in the number of fish oil supplements available to the consumer. Therefore manufacturers are continually looking for ways to distinguish their products from those of competitors. Minimally refined or virgin fish oils provide a unique feature; however, petroleum hydrocarbon contamination from oil spills is a reality in the world's oceans. The question arises whether oil produced from fish species caught in these polluted areas is free of petroleum hydrocarbons, with particular interest in unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). This study investigates the presence of UCMs in commercially available fish oil supplements advertised as being virgin, as well as refined.

RESULTS

Weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in the form of a UCM were found at 523 µg g−1 in a virgin Alaskan salmon oil supplement. Supplements that were refined were free of this contamination.

CONCLUSION

Fish used in the production of fish oil supplements appear to have accumulated petrogenic hydrocarbons in their tissues which were not removed by minimal oil refining. Further study is required to determine if there are any health implications associated with long‐term consumption of these contaminated supplements. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Sleep Disorders in Atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Abbott Sabra M. , Videnovic Aleksandar
Published: May 2014

Sleep disorders are commonly observed in atypical parkinsonism, with particular disorders occurring more frequently in specific parkinsonian disorders. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy often associated with nocturnal stridor, which is a serious, but treatable, condition highly specific to MSA. In addition, this disorder is strongly associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), which is also observed in dementia with Lewy bodies. RBD is far less prevalent in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which is a tauopathy. Insomnia and impaired sleep architecture are the most common sleep abnormalities observed in PSP. Corticobasilar degeneration is also a tauopathy, but has far fewer sleep complaints associated with it than PSP. In this article, we review the spectrum of sleep dysfunction across the atypical parkinsonian disorders, emphasize the importance of evaluating for sleep disorders in patients with parkinsonian symptoms, and point to sleep characteristics that can provide diagnostic clues to the underlying parkinsonian disorder.
Metabolic response to folate supplementation in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Asemi Zatollah , Karamali Maryam , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: May 2014

Scope

This study was conducted to determine the effects of folate supplementation on metabolic profiles in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods and results

This randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted among 81 obese women (weight range: 65–110 kg) aged 18–40 year old diagnosed with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups receiving: (1) Folate‐1: 1 mg/day folate supplements (n = 27); (2) Folate‐5: 5 mg/day folate supplements (n = 27), and (3) placebo (n = 27) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks’ intervention to quantify glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations. Folate supplementation (5 mg), compared with folate‐1 and placebo, resulted in reduced plasma homocysteine (p‐interaction = 0.009), homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance score (p‐interaction = 0.01), and total cholesterol/HDL‐C ratio (p‐interaction = 0.01). Furthermore, we found a significant difference in mean change of serum total cholesterol (p‐interaction = 0.01), LDL‐ (p‐interaction = 0.007), and non‐HDL‐cholesterol levels (p = 0.01) in the folate‐5 group compared with folate‐1 and placebo.

Conclusion

5 mg/day folate supplementation for 8 weeks among women with PCOS had beneficial effects on metabolic profiles.