bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigación en comunicación: diferencias entre Península Ibérica y América Latina
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Rodríguez Benito María Elena , Pérez-Peláez María Esther ,   Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Martín-García Teresa ,   Universidad de Salamanca
Published: January 2023

Las publicaciones científicas son fundamentales para difundir el conocimiento y promover la ciencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es el análisis y el estudio comparativo de 4098 artículos científicos del área de comunicación de las revistas del índice SJR-Scimago- Scopus-Communication, Q1, Q2 de Iberoamérica. Para ello, se realizó un estudio codificando todos los artículos publicados durante 11 años, desde 2009 a 2019 (inclusive) en las revistas seleccionadas. El análisis se realizó mediante un libro de códigos en el que participaron cinco codificadores entrenados. Como parámetros de análisis, se consideró el género de los autores (primero y segundo), su índice H, el número de autores por artículo, su internacionalización, su financiamiento competitivo, las regiones de publicación preponderantes de los autores y la tipología de artículos más frecuente. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre las regiones de la Península Ibérica y Latinoamérica en las variables estudiadas. En la primera, las publicaciones son más competitivas en cuanto al número de artículos, el de revistas, el financiamiento y la internacionalización. Se observa también un índice H más alto en los autores de esta región. Respecto del género, América Latina muestra un porcentaje más alto de autoras que publican los artículos en primer y en segundo lugar. La ampliación y profesionalización de las publicaciones científicas Iberoamericanas de impacto y el financiamiento de las investigaciones son aspectos prioritarios para continuar construyendo y difundiendo la ciencia en el área de comunicación.
Interactividad, buscabilidad y visibilidad web en periodismo digital galardonado
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona (España), Santos-Hermosa Gema , Lopezosa Carlos ,   Universitat de Barcelona (España), Codina Lluís ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra y UPF Barcelona
Published: January 2023

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo entre los trece sitios web de medios digitales ganadores de los premios Online Journalism Awards (ONA) y los World Digital Media Awards (WDMA) del año 2020 respecto a las dimensiones de interactividad, buscabilidad y visibilidad web, a través de la aplicación de un protocolo de análisis diseñado específicamente para medir estas dimensiones en el periodismo digital a través de nueve parámetros (Santos-Hermosa et al., 2021;2022). Los resultados muestran diferentes niveles de consecución de las dimensiones de interactividad, navegabilidad y visibilidad en los medios digitales premiados; que permite establecer un ranking de mayor a menor puntuación. También se identifican algunas tendencias destacadas por cada dimensión de estudio. Esto evidencia una serie de estrategias de éxito y debilidades vinculadas a la interactividad, buscabilidad y visibilidad web. La aplicación del protocolo resulta ser de utilidad no solo para los investigadores sino también para los profesionales del periodismo digital, aportando datos para crear nuevos servicios y productos centrados en la experiencia del usuario.
Cartografías tecnopolíticas: propuesta para el mapeo colaborativo desde la investigación-acción participativa
Authors:   Universitat de València, Calvo Dafne , Candón-Mena José ,   Universidad de Sevilla
Published: January 2023

Las cartografías digitales se han hecho populares en el ámbito del activismo digital. Para las comunidades tecnopolíticas, el mapeo constituye una innovación en los repertorios de confrontación; permite visualizar las comunidades y reforzar su identidad colectiva, establecer redes y vínculos entre ellas, o visibilizar las problemáticas que se pretenden denunciar. No obstante, las prácticas cartográficas son también una herramienta para la investigación de dichas comunidades. Para la investigación activista y otras perspectivas comprometidas, como la investigaciónacción participativa, particularmente útiles para los estudios sobre comunidades de activismo político, las cartografías realizadas de manera colaborativa tienen el potencial de geolocalizar y visibilizar los proyectos y sus posibles sinergias o generar datos para la investigación comparada e incluso el diseño de políticas públicas. Esta metodología también tiene limitaciones, dado el carácter híbrido de las comunidades tecnopolíticas y sus difusos márgenes territoriales, la dificultad de conjugar el anonimato requerido por los activistas con la visibilización de sus redes y prácticas, o cuestiones asociadas a los clásicos debates epistemológicos en torno a la dualidad entre el objeto y el sujeto de la investigación participativa. En este texto abordamos dichos debates y presentamos las fases y técnicas para la aplicación de las cartografías colaborativas al estudio del activismo digital y para la devolución de resultados a las comunidades participantes.
La práctica del binge-watching entre estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors:   Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cornelio-Marí Elia Margarita
Published: January 2023

La popularización de las plataformas de streaming favorece otras maneras de consumir contenidos audiovisuales, como el maratón de series televisivas (bingewatching). Se exploró esta práctica entre 457 jóvenes universitarios mexicanos entre 18 y 25 años de edad para aclarar los factores que la motivan, así como sus percepciones sobre los posibles efectos en su bienestar y desempeño académico. El enfoque del proyecto es mixto. Se realizaron seis grupos de discusión iniciales, con 30 participantes en total, y una encuesta en línea posterior. Se halló que los participantes miran en dispositivos móviles, prefieren ver durante los fines de semana y vacaciones, cuando “tienen tiempo”, o por la noche. Idealmente, miran los maratones a solas, pero en ocasiones lo hacen con familiares, amigos o parejas sentimentales, ya sea de manera presencial o remota. Los motivos son relajarse, socializar y aprender cosas nuevas. También lo conciben como un escape para afrontar situaciones emocionales difíciles, como las vividas durante el confinamiento causado por la pandemia por COVID-19. Los participantes se mostraron conscientes de los posibles efectos físicos de ver maratones, pero solo una minoría indicó haberlos experimentado. Los efectos del binge-watching en su vida académica son percibidos como limitados, pues mantienen la práctica bajo control, con algún eventual descuido.
Corpus de interacciones digitales: sistematización de técnicas para recoger datos en WhatsApp
Authors:   CIEDIS-Universidad Nacional de Río Negro/CONICET, Cantamutto Lucía , Vela Delfa Cristina ,   Universidad de Valladolid
Published: January 2023

La recolección de conjuntos de datos de interacciones reales es un paso ineludible en muchas investigaciones que buscan comprender los usos lingüísticos. En el campo del análisis del discurso digital, esto resulta complejo tanto por las características cambiantes de las aplicaciones como por las decisiones éticas que suponen. Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, ofrecer un estado de la cuestión sobre los conjuntos de datos de intercambios digitales por WhatsApp y, en segundo lugar, sistematizar diferentes técnicas de recolección de estas muestras, utilizadas en investigaciones previas. La metodología empleada es el análisis de contenido de cien tesis y artículos de investigación recuperados de portales científicos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo que consideró, entre otras variables, la cantidad de datos recogidos, la técnica de recolección de datos utilizada, la forma de contacto con los participantes y el acceso en línea a los corpus lingüísticos. Los resultados muestran la existencia de algunos corpus anotados y disponibles en lenguas diferentes a la española. Asimismo, se observa, en la mayoría de los antecedentes, la combinación de diferentes técnicas para recoger un conjunto amplio de datos lingüísticos y multimodales. En tal sentido, se sistematizan las principales alternativas metodológicas con las que es posible recolectar datos de interacciones digitales por WhatsApp.
Anime clustering for automatic classification and configuration of demographics
Authors:   Centro Federal de Educação Tecnólogica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Valente Ferreira Julio Cesar , Ribeiro Furtado Thiago ,   Centro Federal de Educação Tecnólogica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, David Regis Rafael Dirques ,   Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rodrigues Diniz Gabriela ,   Universidade Estácio de Sá, Gonçalves Paula ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense, da Silva Castelo Tavares Vitor Pedro ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Published: January 2023

The cultural industry assumed greater relevance as a productive system and expanded its market share with different forms of reception, transmission, and communication with the public, increasingly using the so called classification and recommendation algorithms and manipulation of mass processed data, which do not require cyber-physical systems for cataloging andconstant feedback from all parties involved for cataloging. In this regard, this paper proposes a methodology to support the classification and creation of corresponding groups, automatically, of cultural productions of certain segments through Robot Process Automation (RPA) techniques, to first extract public data created by fans of certain cultural segments, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), for the clustering of these productions based on the data of the terms extracted by RPA. As a case study for this proposal, we specifically observed the anime market, defined as an originally Japanese cultural product with high fan engagement and high annual production scale, supported by data obtained from two public databases data: MyAnimeList and AniDB, built collaboratively by fans. The application of the methodology allowed the automatic classification of anime, grouping them into topics that allow the proposal of a new demography of products of this genre in relation to the current one, providing a greater level of detail and allowing to contemplate the expansion of new themes.
Imaginarios sociales de la juventud en la prensa chilena sobre cambio climático
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Prosser Bravo Gabriel , Caro-Zúñiga Camilo Andrés ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Arboleda-Ariza Juan Carlos ,   Universidad del Valle, Schröder-Navarro Ema Consuelo ,   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, González-Soto Milton Luciano ,   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano
Published: January 2023

Los medios de comunicación son fundamentales a la hora de reproducir ideas y visiones globales sobre el cambio climático. Este estudio buscó analizar los imaginarios sociales de la juventud en relación con el cambio climático en cuatro medios digitales de prensa escrita. Se identificaron 193 noticias publicadas desde septiembre de 2012 hasta de diciembre de 2020, realizándose un análisis de contenido temático. Se identificaron imaginarios en distinto grado de cristalización: imaginarios tradicionales vinculados con las instituciones, la violencia y la vulnerabilidad climática; imaginarios alternativos, en los que destaca la juventud científica, Greta Thunberg y la manifestación pacífica, e imaginarios instituyentes, que muestran a una juventud consciente de la inequidad ambiental, activista y capaz de ofrecer soluciones. Se plantea el desafío para comunicadores e investigadores sociales de trascender las visiones punitivas y adultocéntricas de la juventud a otras que reconocen sus liderazgos y aportes a la acción climática.
Diálogo 6: Fórmulas de desarrollo con sostenibilidad
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes (Chile), Claro Edwards Sebastián , González Hermann ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cea Egaña José Luis ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cobo Romaní Nicolás , Blavi Francisco ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2023

A continuación, se presenta una versión editada de la conversación sostenida por algunos de los miembros del comité de redacción de la revista con los economistas e investigadores Sebastián Claro Edwards, académico de la Universidad de los Andes, y Hermann González, coordinador macroeconómico de Clapes UC. La conversación se llevó a cabo el 6 de octubre de 2022 en dependencias del Magíster LLM UC.
El derecho a participar en asuntos públicos desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Straka Medina Úrsula
Published: January 2023

En este artículo se revisará de qué manera se entiende en la actualidad la participación como un derecho humano, cuál es su alcance y su visión dentro de los sistemas de protección de los derechos humanos, y cómo se relacionan las «nuevas formas de participación de la sociedad» con este derecho. Con los cambios de visión desde la democracia representativa a la participativa que se ha presentado en las últimas décadas en América Latina, este trabajo se centrará específicamente en cómo el derecho a participar en asuntos públicos se encuentra establecido en los dos sistemas internacionales de derechos humanos de mayor relevancia para la región, como son el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (de la Organización de los Estados Americanos) y el Sistema Universal de Protección de los Derechos Humanos (de Naciones Unidas).
Justificación de la intervención estatal por hechos que revisten caracteres de delito bajo los catorce años
Authors:   Juzgado de Letras, Laboral, Cobranza Previsional, Garantía y Familia de Quintero, Henríquez Galindo Sergio Andrés
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo explora los problemas normativos que presenta el abordaje de la intervención del Estado con niños y niñas que cometen hechos que revisten caracteres de delito, bajo los catorce años de edad, es decir, fuera del marco que regula la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal de los Adolescentes. Igualmente, se abor­dan los problemas de culpabilidad y peligrosidad bajo esta edad, y la justificación de la intervención estatal en niños y niñas menores de catorce años, en casos de hechos graves.
La Política de Protección a la Infancia en la experiencia de los equipos de atención urgente, Lima, Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Lima, Perú, Cáceres Torres Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo aborda la intervención de los equipos de atención urgente como componente inicial y clave del sistema de protección de la infancia en Lima, Perú. Esta investigación busca exponer cómo se ha desarrollado el proceso de consolidación de las oficinas descentralizadas en Lima Metropolitana, y cómo la ampliación de la cobertura ha generado nuevos problemas relativos a la atención, la gestión del servicio y la capacitación, lo que ha afectado el eslabón inicial del sistema en términos de calidad. Los resultados muestran los efectos en los equipos de trabajo y el escenario evidenciado durante el contexto de aislamiento social provocado por la pandemia del Covid-19. El presente artículo es resultado de un proceso de sistematización de experiencias en Trabajo social, enmarcando la sistematización como una forma de investigación cualitativa, buscando presentar una mayor comprensión del servicio, analizando el proceso y la intervención social. Para ello se utilizaron técnicas de investigación cualitativa, de manera primordial un conjunto de entrevistas que enfatizaron en la reconstrucción crítica de la experiencia.
Microcrystalline Cellulose of Oil Bean Pod: Extraction, Physico-chemical, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Flow-ability Analysis
Authors: Nsude Okechukwu Paul , Orie Kingsley John
Published: January 2023

Oil bean pods (OBPs) are a biomass that are indiscriminately dumped in eastern Nigeria, thus causes a lot of pollution. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from oil bean pods using acid hydrolysis, and several characterizations were performed using a variety of sophisticated techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from MCC extracted from oil bean pods. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) revealed a rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher inorganic minerals than the raw oil bean pod on the basis of SEM-EDX and the ash content. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals that the specific surface area of MCC is 331.94 m2/g, which is greater than that of OBP, with 164.728 m2/g. Other characteristics like pore volume, and average pore diameter or size demonstrate that MCC has a superior property than the raw OBP. This implies that MCC could serve as a better adsorbent than the raw OBP. As a result of the increased surface area and high percentage of MCC, which is associated to chemical treatment of raw OBP, MCC can be used in environmental remediation of heavy metals. The bulk density of MCC was recorded at 0.447, which is slightly above the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specification of 0.32, and the tapped density was recorded at 0.532. The flow ability of MCC powder determines its suitability as a direct compression binder. Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites, binder, adsorbents, and plastic polymers.
Nutraceutical Role of Honey and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Haematological and Plasma-Antioxidant Profile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Edeh I. C. , Olise C. S. , Ononye B. U. , Ikechukwu C. C. , Nwankwo C. G. , Okoli I. K.
Published: January 2023

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of honey and garlic (Allium sativum) in five different dietary inclusions on the blood and plasma-antioxidant profile of Clarias gariepinus.

Methodology: Five treatments; control T1 (0%), T2 (0.5% honey), T3 (1% honey), T4 (0.5% garlic), and T5 (1% honey) were designed for a 30-days study. The garlic (powder form) and honey were incorporated into the feed by firstly mixing it with water in a 2:1 ratio and sprayed over the feed (kg) and sundried before feeding it to the fish.

Results: The results indicated a significant difference (P < .05) in the haematological profile of the T2-T5 treatment groups compared to the T1 control group, except for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. It was noted that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels showed a significant difference (P < .05). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), showed an insignificant variation (P > .05).

Conclusion: The results indicated that honey and garlic increased the haematological and antioxidant indices of the supplemented groups (T2-T5) compared with the control group (T1). As a result, the study suggests the use of honey and garlic in aquaculture should be adopted to boost fish well-being.
Growth and Productivity of Cauliflower in Aonla Based Multistoried Agroforestry System
Authors: Pingki Laboni Shifat , Ahamed Tofayel , Miah Md. Main Uddin , Khan Md. Arifur Rahman , Mondal Satyen
Published: January 2023

Fruit tree vegetable-based agroforestry systems (FVAS) are being introduced in highland cropping systems of Bangladesh. This combined production system is applicable against changing climate, ensuring nutritional requirements along with food security, ecological balance, and economic profitability. The present study explored the performance of cauliflower as lower story crop in aonla based multistoried agroforestry system. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replication. The treatments were T1= Aonla + carambola + lemon + dragon fruit + cauliflower, T2= Aonla + dragon fruit + cauliflower, T3= Dragon fruit + cauliflower, T4= Cauliflower in the open field (Control). Among different combinations of agroforestry systems, the highest curd yield of cauliflower (15 t ha-1) was recorded under dragon fruit-based system (T3) whereas most of the morphological parameters were maximum in the aonla + carambola + lemon + dragon fruit-based system (T1). The highest benefit–cost ratio (2.95) was noted in aonla+dragon+cauliflower-based system (T2) followed by dragon fruit based system (T3), while the highest land equivalent ratio (3.78) was calculated in the aonla + carambola + lemon + dragon fruit-based system (T1). This study revealed that, aonla + dragon + cauliflower based agroforestry system showed relatively higher economic returns and maximum land use efficiency in the upland cropping system.
Polymorphism Evaluation of TLR2 Gene Associated with Endometritis Infection in Buffalo Reared in Egypt
Authors: Mossallam Ahlam A. Abou , Osman Noha M. , Othman Othman E. , Mahfouz Eman R.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TLRs have a potential impact on the alteration of susceptibility or resistance to inflammatory diseases. This work focused on a case-control study for the distribution of SNPs in TLR2 gene to test their role for endometritis occurrence in river buffalo.

Materials and Methods: Egyptian buffaloes from the slaughterhouse were tested, where forty samples divided into apparently healthy uteri (20n) and clinically infected ones (20n) were used to detect the genetic association between TLR2 gene SNPs and endometritis disease.

Results: Nineteen novel polymorphic sites were identified. Three SNPs were found to be statistically significant. AA genotype at 5`UTR and CC genotype at the coding region had significant association with susceptibility to endometritis, while GG genotype at 5`UTR had significant association with resistance to endometritis. Polyphen 2 analysis revealed three amino acids substitutions in TLR2 protein having potential functional significance. Haplotype reconstruction revealed the statistical significance of haplotype frequencies between cases and controls indicating its association with the occurrence of endometritis.

Conclusions: It is to be concluded that the innate immune activation response may be interfered by the effect of polymorphisms and mutations of TLRs due to the reduction of the protein ability to recognize Pathogen associated Molecular pattern (PAMPs).
Developmental Trend of Hybrid Solar Dryer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Olaoye S. A. , Oyekoge O. O. , Owoseni O. T. , Adesuyi D. O. , Oladele S. O. , Isa J. , Olalusi A. P.
Published: January 2023

The objective of this paper is to present a review on hybrid solar dryer and its modification for further research.  Energy is not evenly distributed in the world, developed countries have more than enough while developing countries are facing it inadequacy. Rural areas where agricultural activities are taking place largely have no access to power supply to power drying equipment. Large amount of farm produce of about 30% were damaged due to lack of drying facilities. This has been resolved with the application of evolution of solar dryer and to a better level, use of hybrid solar dryer of exponential value over open air sun drying. It was found that the drying efficiency of hybrid solar dryer was 35%, while the maximum drying temperature was 80oC. Retention time in drying chamber was found to be between 2 – 3 days, it indicate the sustainability of hybrid solar dryer for drying high moisture farm produce. Various design of solar dryer and hybrid solar dryer were reported in the literature thus for is presented. Hybrid solar dryer could be developed further with the inclusion of dehumidifier as a system aiding drying.
An Analysis of the Activities and Performance of Bangladesh Tourism Board (BTB)
Authors: Acharjee Sanjoy Kumar
Published: January 2023

This study contributes a synopsis of the south Asian countries national tourism board and an analysis of the performance of Bangladesh Tourism Board (BTB) with other National Tourism Organizations. It is actually an explanatory research and the nature of the data is qualitative. The data are collected from different websites, newspapers, articles, journals, blogs, etc. Every country needs to know its status compare to others to sustain the competitive market. The competitiveness of tourist destinations acts as the pillar for attracting tourists. Generating tremendous jobs, increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP), maintaining the balance of payment, etc. are all possible with the improvement of tourism sector. The development of this sector dramatically depends on the activities and performance of BTB. To measure the present status of BTB as a National Tourism Board (NTO), we need to make an analysis of it with others. The result indicates the inability of BTB to attract a standard number of foreign tourists in Bangladesh compare to other south Asian countries. This study also revealed that its tagline, vision, mission, promotional strategy, website design, policy, crisis management capability, etc. is relatively poor compared to others.
Does ST Elevation in Lead aVR Require an Emergent Trip to the Catheterization Laboratory?
Authors: Brouner Michael , Hammock Jamey , Doppalapudi Harish
Published: January 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 50s with hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy alcohol use, and tobacco use who presented to the emergency department with a 2-month history of nausea and vomiting.
Child Mortality in England During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Odd David , Stoianova Sylvia , Williams Tom , Fleming Peter , Luyt Karen
Published: January 2023

Importance

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, child mortality in England was the lowest on record, but if this trend will continue, or if unrecognized morbidity during the first year of the pandemic will manifest as increased deaths over the next few years is unclear.

Objective

To examine the risks and patterns of childhood deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study includes all child deaths in England from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2022.

Exposures

The year of death.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure is risk of death.

Results

Of the 9983 child deaths reported during the study period, 9872 (98.8%) were linked to demographic and population data with 3409 deaths (34.5%) between April 2019 and March 2020, 3035 (30.7%) between April 2020 and March 2021, and 3428 (34.7%) between April 2021 and March 2022. Most deaths occurred in children who were younger than 1 year (6257 of 9872 [62.7%]), the majority were male (5534 of 9760 [56.7%]), and lived in an urban area (8766 of 9872 [88.8%]). The risk of death was lower between April 2020 and March 2021 (relative risk [RR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84-0.93]), but not between April 2021 and March 2022 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95-1.05]) when compared with April 2019 to March 2020. A population attributable risk (PAF) of 4.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-6.8%) suggested fewer deaths occurred during the whole 3-year period than expected. Reductions were seen in risk of dying by infection (PAF, 22.8% [95% CI, 8.2%-37.0%]) and underlying disease (PAF, 13.3% [95% CI, 8.1%-18.8%]), but there was evidence of an increasing risk of death by trauma (PAF, 14.7% [95% CI, 2.9%-25.2%]). Any reduction in the risk of death was greater in rural areas than in urban areas (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.63-0.85] vs RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86-0.95]) and was not seen in children older than 9 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, there was a significant reduction in all-cause child mortality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021), which returned to close to prepandemic levels the following year (2021-2022). However, there was a net reduction in deaths despite this, with 4% fewer deaths during the 3-year period than would have been expected from the 2019 to 2020 risks. The reductions were largest in rural areas and in children younger than 10 years.
Habitat area and local habitat conditions outweigh fragmentation effects on insect communities in vineyards
Authors: Bosco Laura , Moser Valentin , Jones Mirkka M. , Opedal Øystein , Ovaskainen Otso , Sonja Gerber , Van Klink Roel , Cushman Samuel A. , Arlettaz Raphaël , Jacot Alain
Published: January 2023

Fragmentation of habitat, for example by intensive agricultural practices, can be detrimental to local biodiversity. However, it often remains unclear whether such biodiversity declines are caused by loss of habitat area or increased fragmentation, and how habitat quality factors into it. In our study system, vegetated vineyards are typically small, and isolated from one another, potentially limiting the distribution and dispersal of organisms.

In a full‐factorial experiment of a priori selected vegetated vineyard patches of differing size and fragmentation, we aimed to disentangle the effects of habitat area (area of vegetated vineyards), habitat fragmentation (number of vegetated vineyards per 100 ha) and field‐scale ground vegetation density on ground beetle, leafhopper and wild bee communities using a combined framework of multiscale and multispecies modelling (Hierarchical Model of Species Communities).

We demonstrate variable effects of habitat area, fragmentation and local ground vegetation density on the three insect groups: Increased habitat area at fine scales favours higher species richness of leafhoppers, while local vegetation density boosts species richness of both leafhoppers and ground beetles, whereas no community‐level responses were detected for wild bees.

We conclude that increased ground vegetation density at both field and landscape scales (i.e. higher habitat area) favours more diverse and abundant insect communities, while fragmentation effects are highly variable and species specific. In addition, our results highlight that mainly ground beetles and leafhoppers will benefit from simple ground greening measures in vineyards, while for wild bees environmental factors other than the ones tested here may drive community structure.

We recommend increasing the number and area of vegetated vineyards (even at small spatial scales) requiring more nature‐friendly farming practices especially regarding a reduction or renunciation from herbicide applications, while the within‐field vegetation density should optimally be intermediate or high to favour a diverse insect community.
A novel robust progressive cubature Kalman filter with variable step size for inertial navigationsystem/global navigation satellite system tightly coupled navigation
Authors: Fu Hongpo , Cheng Yongmei
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the state estimation problem of the nonlinear system with the large process prior uncertainty but high‐accuracy measurement information, the situation is prone to occur in the inertial navigation system (INS)/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) tightly coupled navigation system. Furthermore, the unknown heavy‐tailed measurement noises induced by the inaccurate prior navigation information and random measurement outliers are also considered. Given existing methods such as progressive cubature Kalman filter (PCKF) cannot effectively solve the above issues, a novel robust PCKF with variable step size (RVSS‐PCKF) is proposed. First, a new Gaussian‐uniform‐mixing inverse Gamma (GUMIG) distribution is presented to model the variable step size and measurement noise. Next, the GUMIG distribution is expressed as a hierarchical Gaussian presentation and then RVSS‐PCKF is derived with the help of the variational Bayesian (VB) inference. In the filter, the state, variable step size and noise statistic are jointly estimated by the fixed‐point iterations. Finally, the simulations and real data of the tightly coupled navigation illustrate the superiority of the filter in terms of accuracy and steady‐state performance.
Convective Thermal Metamaterials: Exploring High‐Efficiency, Directional, and Wave‐Like Heat Transfer
Authors: Ju Ran , Xu Guoqiang , Xu Liujun , Qi Minghong , Wang Dong , Cao Pei‐Chao , Xi Rui , Shou Yifan , Chen Hongsheng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Li Ying
Published: January 2023

Convective thermal metamaterials are artificial structures where convection dominates in the thermal process. Due to the field coupling between velocity and temperature, convection provides a new knob for controlling heat transfer beyond pure conduction, thus allowing active and robust thermal modulations. With the introduced convective effects, the original parabolic Fourier heat equation for pure conduction can be transformed to hyperbolic. Therefore, the hybrid diffusive system can be interpreted in a wave‐like fashion, reviving many wave phenomena in dissipative diffusion. Here, recent advancements in convective thermal metamaterials are reviewed and the state‐of‐the‐art discoveries are classified into the following four aspects, enhancing heat transfer, porous‐media‐based thermal effects, nonreciprocal heat transfer, and non‐Hermitian phenomena. Finally, a prospect is cast on convective thermal metamaterials from two aspects. One is to utilize the convective parameter space to explore topological thermal effects. The other is to further broaden the convective parameter space with spatiotemporal modulation and multi‐physical effects.
On the Road to the Frontiers of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review and Outlook of Graphene Anodes
Authors: Bi Jingxuan , Du Zhuzhu , Sun Jinmeng , Liu Yuhang , Wang Ke , Du Hongfang , Ai Wei , Huang Wei
Published: January 2023

Graphene has long been recognized as a potential anode for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The past decade has witnessed the rapid advancement of graphene anodes, and considerable breakthroughs are achieved so far. In this review, the aim is to provide a research roadmap of graphene anodes toward practical LIBs. The Li storage mechanism of graphene is started with and then the approaches to improve its electrochemical performance are comprehensively summarized. First, morphologically engineered graphene anodes with porous, spheric, ribboned, defective and holey structures display improved capacity and rate performance owing to their highly accessible surface area, interconnected diffusion channels, and sufficient active sites. Surface‐modified graphene anodes with less aggregation, fast electrons/ions transportation, and optimal solid electrolyte interphase are discussed, demonstrating the close connection between the surface structure and electrochemical activity of graphene. Second, graphene derivatives anodes prepared by heteroatom doping and covalent functionalization are outlined, which show great advantages in boosting the Li storage performances because of the additionally introduced defect/active sites for further Li accommodation. Furthermore, binder‐free and free‐standing graphene electrodes are presented, exhibiting great prospects for high‐energy‐density and flexible LIBs. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities of practically available graphene anodes for advanced LIBs are highlighted.
Electrically Switchable Polarization in Bi2O2Se Ferroelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Weijun , Meng You , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Zhuomin , Wang Wei , Lai Zhengxun , Xie Pengshan , Li Dengji , Chen Dong , Quan Quan , Yin Di , Liu Chuntai , Yang Zhengbao , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C.
Published: January 2023

Atomically 2D layered ferroelectric semiconductors, in which the polarization switching process occurs within the channel material itself, offer a new material platform that can drive electronic components toward structural simplification and high‐density integration. Here, a room‐temperature 2D layered ferroelectric semiconductor, bismuth oxychalcogenides (Bi2O2Se), is investigated with a thickness down to 7.3 nm (≈12 layers) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 4.4 ± 0.1 pm V−1. The random orientations and electrically dependent polarization of the dipoles in Bi2O2Se are separately uncovered owing to the structural symmetry‐breaking at room temperature. Specifically, the interplay between ferroelectricity and semiconducting characteristics of Bi2O2Se is explored on device‐level operation, revealing the hysteresis behavior and memory window (MW) formation. Leveraging the ferroelectric polarization originating from Bi2O2Se, the fabricated device exhibits “smart” photoresponse tunability and excellent electronic characteristics, e.g., a high on/off current ratio > 104 and a large MW to the sweeping range of 47% at VGS = ±5 V. These results demonstrate the synergistic combination of ferroelectricity with semiconducting characteristics in Bi2O2Se, laying the foundation for integrating sensing, logic, and memory functions into a single material system that can overcome the bottlenecks in von Neumann architecture.
A Potential‐Based Boundary Element Implementation for Modeling Multiple Scattering from Local and Nonlocal Plasmonic Nanowires
Authors: Mystilidis Christos , Zheng Xuezhi , Xomalis Angelos , Vandenbosch Guy A. E.
Published: January 2023

A novel boundary element implementation that models multiple scattering of plasmonic nanowires is presented. The modeling is based on potentials and the materials constituting the wires can be local (described by the local response model) or nonlocal (described by the nonlocal hydrodynamic model). The nonlocal hydrodynamic model (HDM) provides an important approximation describing nonclassical effects associated with the collective motion of free electrons in metals. The modeling is challenging as different interface conditions are needed at a boundary which separates 1) a local medium from a local medium; 2) a local (nonlocal) medium from a nonlocal (local) medium; and 3) a nonlocal medium from a nonlocal medium. The algorithm can address constructs of arbitrary geometry and material composition within the HDM; thus, it becomes a complete numerical tool for exploration of nonlocal nanowires. Fictitious sources are imposed at the boundaries, linking the scattered fields to the imposed sources, and matching the interface conditions at the boundaries. This procedure yields a set of Boundary Integral Equations (BIEs). Then, the BIEs are numerically solved utilizing the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The results from the BEM solver are verified quantitatively and qualitatively showing good agreement in both the near‐ and the far‐field regimes.
Mass Spectrometry Reveals High Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Qinlei , Ge Wenjie , Martínez‐Jarquín Sandra , He Yuliang , Wu Ri , Stoffel Markus , Zenobi Renato
Published: January 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for many cellular functions, and dysregulation of ROS involves the development of multiple types of tumors, including pancreatic cancer. However, ROS have been grouped into a single biochemical entity for a long time, and the specific roles of certain types of ROS in tumor cells (e.g., pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)) have not been systematically investigated. In this work, a highly sensitive and accurate mass spectrometry‐based method was applied to study PDAC cells of humans and of genetically modified animals. The results show that the oncogenic KRAS mutation promotes the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rather than superoxide or hydroxyl radicals in pancreatic cancer cells. We further identified that the enriched H2O2 modifies cellular metabolites and promotes the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings highlight the specific roles of H2O2 in pancreatic cancer development, which may provide new directions for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Modulating Thermal Properties of Polymers through Crystal Engineering
Authors: Germann Luzia S. , Carlino Elvio , Taurino Antonietta , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Voinovich Dario , Dinnebier Robert E. , Bučar Dejan‐Krešimir , Hasa Dritan
Published: January 2023

Crystal engineering has exclusively focused on the development of advanced materials based on small organic molecules. We now demonstrate how the cocrystallization of a polymer yields a material with significantly enhanced thermal stability but equivalent mechanical flexibility. Isomorphous replacement of one of the cocrystal components enables the formation of solid solutions with melting points that can be readily fine‐tuned over a usefully wide temperature range. The results of this study credibly extend the scope of crystal engineering and cocrystallization from small molecules to polymers.
Boron‐Centered Lewis Superacid through Redox‐Active Ligands: Application in C−F and S−F Bond Activation
Authors: Köring Laura , Stepen Arne , Birenheide Bernhard , Barth Simon , Leskov Maxim , Schoch Roland , Krämer Felix , Breher Frank , Paradies Jan
Published: January 2023

A series of redox‐responsive ferrocenyl‐substituted boranes and boronic esters were synthesized. Oxidation of the ferrocenyl ligand to the ferrocenium resulted in a drastic increase in the Lewis acidity beyond the strength of SbF5, which was investigated experimentally and computationally. The resulting highly Lewis acidic boron compounds were used for catalytic C−F and S−F bond activation.
Integrating Chemical Pre‐Potassiation with Pre‐Modulated KF‐Rich Electrolyte Interfaces for Dual‐Carbon Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Qian Yong , Wu Bei , Li Yang , Pan Zhen , Feng Shuai , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2023

Herein, a chemical pre‐potassiation strategy via simultaneously treating both glucose derived carbon (GDC) anode and commercial activated carbon (CAC) cathode in potassium‐naphthalene‐tetrahydrofuran solution is developed for potassium ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC). Combined with in situ and ex situ characterizations, a radical reaction between pre‐potassiation reagent and carbon electrodes is confirmed, which not only deactivates electrochemical irreversible sites, but also promotes to pre‐form a uniform and dense KF‐rich electrolyte film on the electrodes. As a result, the pre‐potassiation treatment presents multiple advantages: (I) the initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the GDC anode increases from 45.4 % to 84.0 % with higher rate capability; (II) the CAC cathode exhibits the improved cycling CEs and stability due to the enhanced resistance to electrolyte oxidation at 4.2 V; (III) the assembled PIHC achieves a high energy density of 172.5 Wh kg−1 with cycling life over 10000 cycles.
Supratherapeutic dabigatran: a cause of life‐threatening haemorrhage*
Authors: Hennessy M. , Reidy B. , Ní Ainle F. , Conneely J. , McDermott C. , Scanaill P. Ó.
Published: January 2023

In this case report, we present a rare case of life‐threatening gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with deranged coagulation due to supratherapeutic levels of dabigatran. Dabigatran is a potent, synthetic, reversible non‐peptide thrombin inhibitor which is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. It is generally accepted that dabigatran dosing does not require titration or the monitoring of plasma levels due to its predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, this case report challenges this viewpoint while identifying an important knowledge gap in relation to the effect of altered gastrointestinal motility on the absorption of direct oral anticoagulants. Furthermore, it demonstrates the successful use of high‐dose idarucizumab in a critical care setting. Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds specifically to dabigatran and its metabolites, thereby reversing the anticoagulant effect.
Inclusion of cross‐sectional and radiological images for better understanding of musculoskeletal anatomy and decreasing the risk of adverse events during dry needling in undergraduate physiotherapy students
Authors: Valera‐Calero Juan Antonio , Navarro‐Santana Marcos José , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Varol Umut , López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva Ibai , Rodríguez‐López Elena Sonsoles , Plaza‐Manzano Gustavo
Published: January 2023

Since there is an increasing rate of physiotherapists using invasive procedures during the clinical practice, understanding the cross‐sectional anatomy and radiological images is essential for ensuring patients' safety during these interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the students' opinion of including cross‐sectional and radiological images to traditional methodologies, to evaluate whether these additional resources improve their ability to identify musculoskeletal structures in radiological images and their understanding of neurovascular and visceral structures related with specific muscles to be avoided during invasive procedures. First‐year undergraduate physiotherapy students were enrolled in the study. A brief online survey asking about their opinion about the use of cross‐sectional and radiological images as complementary resources was built. In addition, two open‐answer tests (before and after the inclusion of these resources) were conducted to evaluate their ability to identify correctly musculoskeletal structures in magnetic resonance and ultrasound images and to evaluate their awareness of high‐risk structures related with specific muscles. One‐hundred‐thirty‐two students returned the online survey and one‐hundred‐forty‐eight completed all the tests. In general, students opined cross‐sectional images to be of utility for learning anatomy (81.8%) and radiological images (93.9%) and felt they benefited from cross‐sectional and ultrasound images (78.0%). All tests showed significant improvements after the inclusion of these complementary resources (all,p < 0.001) except for trunk structures in MRI (p = 0.777). The implementation of anatomical cross‐sectional and radiological images resulted in better understanding of radiological images and better cognition of possible risk during invasive procedures.
Phase 1 study of DS‐1205c combined with gefitinib for EGFR mutation‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Goto Koichi , Shiraishi Yoshimasa , Murakami Haruyasu , Horinouchi Hidehito , Toyozawa Ryo , Takeda Masayuki , Uno Makiko , Crawford Nigel , McGill Joseph , Jimbo Takeshi , Ishigami Masato , Takayama Gensuke , Nakayama Shintaro , Ohwada Shoichi , Nishio Makoto
Published: January 2023

Background

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but responses are not durable as tumors develop resistance. DS‐1205c is a novel, specific, orally bioavailable, small‐molecule AXL receptor TKI. In preclinical studies, DS‐1205c restored TKI antitumor activity in a TKI acquired‐resistance EGFR‐mutant NSCLC tumor xenograft model.

Methods

This first‐in‐human, multicenter, open‐label Phase 1 study (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03599518) primarily evaluated the safety and tolerability of combination therapy with DS‐1205c and gefitinib in Japanese patients with metastatic or unresectable EGFR‐mutant NSCLC and tumor progression during treatment with EGFR‐TKIs. Patients (n = 20) received DS‐1205c monotherapy (200–1200 mg twice daily [BID]) in a 7‐day safety monitoring period before combination DS‐1205c/gefitinib (250 mg once daily) in 21‐day cycles.

Results

The observed common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were increased aspartate aminotransferase (35%), increased alanine aminotransferase (30%), rash maculo‐papular (30%), and diarrhea (25%). No serious TEAEs were reported. Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of DS‐1205a (free form of DS‐1205c) were unaffected by concomitant administration of gefitinib. No patient achieved a complete or partial response and 5 patients (25%) had stable disease.

Conclusion

DS‐1205c was generally safe and well tolerated at all dose levels, but the safety profile of ≤800 mg BID was more favorable than 1200 mg BID. The recommended dose for dose‐expansion cohorts of DS‐1205c in combination therapy with gefitinib was 800 mg BID.