bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective cooling model for aero-thermal coupled through-flow method
Authors: Ba Wei , Gu Chunwei , Ren Xiaodong , Li Xuesong
Published: January 2017

The aero-thermal coupled phenomenon is significant in the modern cooled turbine, and it is necessary to consider the cooling effect and predict the coolant requirement in the through-flow design. A new cooling model was developed for the aero-thermal coupled through-flow method in this paper to predict the temperatures of both the pressure and suction surfaces of the blade. Based on the given blade temperature limitation rather than the mean blade surface temperature in the formal cooling model, the coolant requirement prediction can be more accurate. The equivalent blade thickness and heat exchange area estimation methods were further developed for blades with different cooling structures, and the estimations were carried out for each calculation station instead of the whole blade. The cooled blade was divided into a few calculation stations, and the heat transfer was studied for each station. Three operating conditions for the NASA-Mark II vane were selected for the verification. The predicted temperatures of both the pressure and suction surfaces agree with the experimental data, and the calculation results for the subsonic conditions are more accurate than the one for the transonic conditions.
Combustion of a hydrogen jet normal to multiple pairs of opposing methane–air mixtures
Authors: Hamed AM , Hussin AE , Kamal MM , Elbaz AR
Published: January 2017

The combustion performance of a cylindrical burner accommodating up to six multiple pairs of opposing methane–air mixtures with a cross-flow of hydrogen was addressed. The cross-flow initially duplicated the stagnation impact and enriched the vortical structures. Aided by the resulting flow strain, the transport of heat and active species from the hydrogen oxidation zone to the methane reaction zones accelerated the combustion across the opposing premixed flames and reduced the peak temperature across the outer diffusion flame. Increasing the cross-flow/opposing jets’ velocity ratio to 0.89 merged the two stagnation centers and maximized the shearing stress. By the slight increase in the velocity ratio to 1.07, the H and OH pools provided for methane combustion became closer to the ports such that a hydrogen/methane mass percent of 10.3% extended the stoichiometric blowout velocity from 28.3 to 35.7 m/s. Since the turbulent kinetic energy thus increased to 8.4 m2/s2, the firing intensity reached values as high as 48.2 MW/m3. Not only was there a reduction in the residence time for NOx formation, but also the blowout velocity relative gain overrode the relative increase in the NOx formation rates such that the NOx emission index decreased to 17 g/MWhr. By the excessive increase in velocity ratio, the vortical structures shrank such that the NOx exponential increase became dominant above 21 ppm. With fuel-lean mixtures, the hydrogen was partially combusted by the excess air from the opposing flames but the blowout velocity decreased to 13.1 m/s at Φ = 0.50. The hydrogen flame NOx emissions decreased by providing the excess air at larger jets’ diameter/separation ratios, thus reducing the residence times for thermal NOx formation and simultaneously interrupting the prompt NOx formation. At the lean operational limit, tripling the number of opposing jets decreased the hydrogen flame length by 54% such that the NOx emissions decreased by 38.4%.
The “new history of psychology” and the uses and abuses of dichotomies
Authors: Watrin João Paulo
Published: January 2017

Over the past decades, some historians have proposed that a “new history of psychology” emerged in symmetrical opposition to the “old.” This article presents a critique of this rhetoric. To this purpose, it first evaluates how proponents of the “new history” have misused dichotomies in light of criticisms raised against them. An analysis then follows of the implications thereof for the actual critical historiography and for the history of psychology as a whole. It is argued that this dichotomization presents inconsistencies and produces undesirable implications for both fields. It is also suggested that this rhetoric should be replaced by a more balanced view of dichotomies and an emphasis on critical reflection rather than on simple prescriptions and prohibitions.
The short-term efficacy of bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory lupus nephritis
Authors: Zhang H , Liu Z , Huang L , Hou J , Zhou M , Huang X , Hu W , Liu Z
Published: January 2017

Objective

The treatment of refractory lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging for clinicians because these patients either do not respond to conventional therapy or relapse during the maintenance treatment period. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids in refractory lupus patients.

Methodology

Five refractory LN patients aged 21 to 43 years (four females and one male) with biopsy-proven diagnosis (four with type IV and one with type V+IV) were recruited. These patients received bortezomib therapy for four cycles (1.3 mg per square meter of body surface area as an intravenous bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of 21-day cycles) and glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 0.5 g/d intravenously for three days, followed by prednisone 0.6 mg/kg/d orally for four weeks, with gradual tapering to 10 mg/d). Proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine, and immunological parameters were assessed, and adverse effects were also evaluated.

Results

After two to four bortezomib treatment cycles, four patients achieved partial remission with decreases in SLE disease activity index scores from the range of 12–16 to that of 4–8. The patients also exhibited a decline in proteinuria and an elevation of albumin level after treatment. SCr level was decreased in three of five patients with elevated SCr at baseline. The anti-autoantibodies and complements were also improved. Adverse events were of grades 1–2 and included transient thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms and acroesthesia. During a 6- to 24-month follow-up period, three patients achieved complete remission, and one had partial remission. However, one patient received renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion

Bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids reduces proteinuria, improves renal function and decreases anti-autoantibodies, with good tolerance and mild adverse events, thus representing an alternative therapy for refractory LN and warranting further study.
Incidence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus women
Authors: Mendoza-Pinto C , García-Carrasco M , Vallejo-Ruiz V , Méndez-Martínez S , Taboada-Cole A , Etchegaray-Morales I , Muñóz-Guarneros M , Reyes-Leyva J , López-Colombo A
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Our objective was to study the incidence, persistence and clearance of human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus women and assess risk factors for persistence of human papillomavirus infection.

Methods

We carried out a prospective, observational cohort study of 127 systemic lupus erythematosus women. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at three years. Traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus women-related disease risk factors were collected. Gynaecological evaluations and cervical cytology screening were made. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were made by polymerase chain reaction and linear array.

Results

The cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection increased from 22.8% at baseline to 33.8% at three years; p = < 0.001: 20.1% of patients experienced 43 incident infections. The risk of any human papillomavirus infection was 10.1 per 1000 patient-months. At three years, 47 (88.6%) prevalent infections were cleared. Independent risk factors associated with incident human papillomavirus infection included more lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–3.0) and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (odds ratio = 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–12.8).

Conclusions

In systemic lupus erythematosus women, the cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, including high risk-human papillomavirus and multiple human papillomavirus infections, may increase over time. Most persistent infections were low risk-human papillomavirus. The number of lifetime sexual partners and the cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were independently associated with incident human papillomavirus infection.
Interferon regulatory factor 5 gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hammad A , Mossad Y M , Nasef N , Eid R
Published: January 2017

Background

Increased expression of interferon-inducible genes is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is one of the transcription factors regulating interferon and was proved to be implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE in different populations.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between polymorphisms of the IRF5 gene and SLE susceptibility in a cohort of Egyptian children and to investigate their association with clinico-pathological features, especially lupus nephritis.

Subjects and methods

Typing of interferon regulatory factor 5 rs10954213, rs2004640 and rs2280714 polymorphisms were done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for 100 children with SLE and 100 matched healthy controls.

Results

Children with SLE had more frequent T allele and TT genotype of rs2004640 ( Pc = 0.003 and 0.024, respectively) compared to controls. Patients with nephritis had more frequent T allele of rs2004640 compared to controls ( Pc = 0.003). However the allele and genotype frequencies of the three studied polymorphisms did not show any difference in patients with nephritis in comparison to those without nephritis. Haplotype GTA of rs10954213, rs2004640 and rs2280714, respectively, was more frequent in lupus patients in comparison to controls ( p = 0.01) while the haplotype GGG was more frequent in controls than lupus patients ( p = 0.011).

Conclusion

The rs2004640 T allele and TT genotype and GTA haplotype of rs rs10954213, rs2004640, and rs2280714, respectively, can be considered as risk factors for the development of SLE. The presence of the rs2004640 T allele increases the risk of nephritis development in Egyptian children with SLE.
‘Winning While Losing’: Borneo Headquarters and the End of Confrontation, June–November 1966
Authors: Tuck Christopher
Published: January 2017

From 1963 to 1966 Britain fought an undeclared war against Indonesia in the jungles of Borneo. Existing accounts of the tactical outcomes of this campaign take at face value the comments produced after the event by such key individuals as Sir Walter Walker, until March 1965 the British Director of Borneo Operations, who regarded the campaign as ‘a complete success’. This article demonstrates that this narrative is a retrospective judgement and that senior British officers at the time regarded the conclusion of the campaign as a success for Indonesia.
Values Practices and Identity Sustenance in Dual-identity Organizations
Authors: Desai Prarthan B.
Published: January 2017

A dual identity organization refers to an organization having two, often mutually conflicting, self-referential definitions of ‘who we are’ as an organization (Albert & Whetten, 1985). Values practices are defined as ‘the sayings and doings in organizations that articulate and accomplish what is normatively right or wrong, good or bad, for its own sake’ (Gehman, Trevino, & Garud, 2013, p. 84). In this paper, I study influence of values practices on sustenance of an organizational identity in dual-identity organizations.

I adopted a qualitative approach and single case study method for providing a rich narrative of the phenomenon. I collected data from an Indian software organization involved in both software services and software products businesses.

The case data show that values practices manifested inside dual-identity organizations in the form of comparisons of the two identities by internal audiences. The study identifies three types of distinct, but interrelated, values practices: (1) values infusion, (2) collective perceptions of pragmatic alignment and (3) collective expectations of equality and equity. The case data show that ineffective management of these values practices was detrimental to the sustenance of an organizational identity that failed to perform well on conventional performance parameters.
Corruption: ‘Culture’ in the Dock
Authors: Sahu Vineet
Published: January 2017

Corruption in public life1 needs to be examined in greater detail as not only an individual lapse but also a feature of the collective that either does or does not put pressure on the individual to lapse. This paper takes a methodological holistic perspective exceeding the methodological individualistic perspective in understanding corruption. The claim is that the locus of responsibility cannot be restricted to the individual alone and the collective (if there be such an entity) be left scot-free. This claim is premised on the conception that an individual’s act which is in deviation of expected and established norms cannot be faulted only at the level of the individual, and careful consideration needs to be made to assess the role of the collective in precipitating the lapse(s) in the actions of the individual. This paper argues for sharing the liability of corruption in public life between the legally responsible individual as agent and the cultural milieu in which the agent operates. At a foundational level this paper calls for a reconceptualization of individual agency and decision making from being isolated and discrete, to being construed by the collective that the individual agent is a part of.
A Conceptual Model of Learning Agility and Authentic Leadership Development: Moderating Effects of Learning Goal Orientation and Organizational Culture
Authors: Yadav Nidhi , Dixit Shikha
Published: January 2017

The present article attempts to examine the relationship between learning agility and authentic leadership development. The recent rise in the cases of fraud involving leaders at various levels in the organizations, and the resulting distrust among the employees towards their leaders, points to the need to have authentic leaders, given the positive organizational outcomes associated with this leadership approach. Further, scholars have suggested that leadership development is possible through learning from one’s life experiences. The developmental definition of authentic leadership also reflects the importance of learning from past experiences. Yet, studies have largely overlooked to explore the association between learning agility and authentic leadership development. This paper further tries to analyze the moderating effects of learning goal orientation and organizational culture on this relationship. Therefore, based on the existing research, the associations among these factors have been delineated and a conceptual model has been presented along with several propositions. Implications for future research and limitations of this work have also been discussed towards the end.
Towards an Understanding of Organizational Identity and Organizational Self: Insights from Indian Psychology
Authors: Pendse Maithily , Ojha Abhoy K.
Published: January 2017

Organizational identity has emerged as a significant construct to understand the behaviour of organizations. However, researchers have noted several inconsistencies in the way organizational identity has been conceptualized so far. The concept of organizational self holds promise in reconciling these tensions. In this article, we contribute towards this reconciliation by identifying processes that may facilitate the creation of a shared understanding of organizational self. Borrowing from, and building on, theorization from Indian psychology that specializes in the knowledge of individual self, we propose three processes, namely meta-cognizing, guarding and organizing, that assist organizational members arrive at a shared understanding of organizational self. Evidence from one organization’s efforts to evolve a unique identity is used to demonstrate the existence of these processes. This conceptualization is capable of addressing the inconsistencies in the organizational identity literature, and also has significant implications for practice as it may be able to suggest how organizational members can develop and preserve a unique organizational identity in the context of dynamic internal pressures and external influences.
Child Deprivation in India: Evidence from Rapid Survey of Children 2013–2014
Authors: Chaurasia Aalok Ranjan
Published: January 2017

This article uses the latest data available through the Rapid Survey of Children 2013–2014 to measure and analyze child deprivation in India through a multidimensional perspective. The analysis reveals that child deprivation in India and in its constituent states remains quite pervasive despite all policy-level commitments to promote child well-being and there is substantial variation in child deprivation across states. Moreover, child deprivation varies markedly by domains of child well-being throughout the country and residence and social class inequalities in child deprivation in some of the domains are very strong. The analysis suggests that a decentralized approach needs to be adopted to address issues and concerns related to child well-being in the country.
Education Poverty in Pakistan: A Spatial Analysis at District Level
Authors: Nawaz Saima , Iqbal Nasir
Published: January 2017

This study aims, first to construct an education poverty index (EPI) for Pakistan using household data; second, to investigate the spatial differences of education poverty (EP) at district level; and third to find the socio-economic determinants of EP. Four different dimensions are used to construct EPI using the Alkire Foster (AF) method. The results show that 26 per cent households are below the poverty cut-off in Pakistan. The ratio is high in rural area of Pakistan (33 per cent) as compared to urban areas of Pakistan (12 per cent). Similar trend has been observed across all provinces. The majority of the households are deprived in terms of cost of education. Empirical analysis shows that various socio-economic variables such as income, regional variation and awareness play very important role in explaining EP. To eradicate education deprivation, area- and dimension-specific policies are required to make efficient use of scarce resources.
The Role of Nursing Professionals in the Management of Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma Receiving Dinutuximab Therapy
Authors: Secola Rita , Marachelian Araz , Cohn Susan L. , Toy Bonnie , Neville Kathleen , Granger Meaghan , Brentlinger Angela , Martin Gina
Published: January 2017

Neuroblastoma, an embryonic cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Dinutuximab (formerly called ch14.18), a monoclonal antibody targeting the disialoganglioside GD2, has been shown to significantly improve survival rates in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. However, the safe and effective use of dinutuximab therapy in these high-risk patients requires medical expertise in patient selection, treatment administration, and the monitoring and management of adverse events. Findings of the randomized phase III study (ANBL0032) led to the approval of dinutuximab for the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Multi-institutional nursing approaches to implementing standard protocols ensure the effective management of high-risk neuroblastoma patients receiving dinutuximab immunotherapy. Understanding and implementing recommendations for the management of the clinically important and most common adverse events are essential to ensuring patient continuation of therapy and improving patient outcomes.
The Fate of Unused Embryos: Discourses, Action Possibilities, and Subject Positions
Authors: Goedeke Sonja , Daniels Ken , Thorpe Mark , du Preez Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) has offered hope to those struggling with infertility, it has also had some unintended consequences, including the fate of embryos that may be “surplus” to requirement following IVF treatment. The number of embryos in storage across the world is high, creating a dilemma for patients who need to make disposal decisions, as well as presenting an administrative and practical dilemma for clinics. Research has suggested that patients’ views of the status of their embryo/s may affect their disposal decisions, and yet the nature of the links between views of the embryo and decisions to either donate or discard remain unclear. In this article, we engage in a discursive analysis of literature on disposal decisions. We discuss the range of ways in which embryos may be constructed, and demonstrate how these discourses make available or constrain particular action possibilities, and offer particular subject positions for patients. The analysis highlights the complexity of the relationship between embryo status and decision making, and may assist clinicians in supporting and guiding patients’ decisions.
Micromorphic constitutive equations with damage applied to metal forming
Authors: Diamantopoulou Evangelia , Liu Weijie , Labergere Carl , Badreddine Houssem , Saanouni Khemais , Hu Ping
Published: January 2017

The micromorphic constitutive model developed in previous works and accounting for isotropic plasticity, mixed kinematic and isotropic hardening and micromorphic damage is revised in order to enhance some coupling aspects. The associated numerical aspects are investigated and implemented into ABAQUS®/Explicit solver by developing two subroutines VUMAT to implement the micromorphic model and VUEL to implement an assumed strain-based element with additional micromorphic degrees of freedom. The tensional and bending tests of DP1000 dual phase steel are simulated and used to validate the model by comparing with experimental results.
Comparison of Variational and Generalized Plane Strain approaches for matrix cracking in general symmetric laminates
Authors: Hajikazemi Mohammad , McCartney L Neil
Published: January 2017

The current research work is aimed at comparing a stress-based variational approach with generalized plane strain (GPS) model for predicting stress transfer in cracked general symmetric laminates, subject to general in-plane loading. For each model, the fundamental assumptions made on stress and displacement fields, and also procedures for defining boundary conditions and finding solutions are detailed. Moreover, a numerical comparison has been made between the results obtained from two models with regard to stresses, displacements, and thermo-elastic constants of an unbalanced symmetric cracked laminate. Finally, the accuracy and quality of both approaches are examined by checking the satisfaction of known inter-relationships among thermo-elastic constants of cracked laminates. The paper extends an existing variational model so that the effects of residual thermal stresses can be considered. It has been also shown how the displacement field can be determined for a stress-based variational approach.
Factors Impacting Job Satisfaction Among Police Personnel in India
Authors: Kumar T. K. Vinod
Published: January 2017

Job satisfaction is important for both the employee and organization. Theories of motivation and job satisfaction have been applied in the context of police organizations, providing insight into organizational dynamics. On the basis of multivariate analysis of data collected from 500 police personnel in India, this article attempts to understand the impact of demographic factors, organizational, and job characteristics on job satisfaction. While some findings conform to existing research on job satisfaction in police organizations across the world, the study also arrives at contrasting results, which can be attributed to the unique organizational culture of police in India.
Venous Thromboembolism Requiring Extended Anticoagulation Among HIV-Infected Patients in a Rural, Resource-Constrained Setting in Western Kenya
Authors: Kanyi John , Karwa Rakhi , Pastakia Sonak Dinesh , Manji Imran , Manyara Simon , Saina Collins
Published: January 2017

Background: HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), and minimal data are available to describe the need for extended treatment. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of and determine predictive risk factors for extended anticoagulation of VTE in HIV-infected patients in rural, western Kenya. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Anticoagulation Monitoring Service affiliated with Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare. Data were collected on patients who were HIV-infected and receiving anticoagulation for lower-limb deep vein thrombosis. The need for extended anticoagulation, defined as receiving ≥7 months of warfarin therapy, was established based on patient symptoms or Doppler ultrasound–confirmed diagnosis. Evaluation of the secondary outcomes utilized a univariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with extended anticoagulation. Results: A total of 71 patients were included in the analysis; 27 patients (38%) required extended anticoagulation. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between the need for extended anticoagulation and achieving a therapeutic international normalized ratio within 21 days in both the unadjusted and adjusted analysis. Patients with a history of opportunistic infections required an extended duration of anticoagulation in the adjusted analysis: odds ratio = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.04-11.32; P = 0.04. Conclusions: This study shows that there may be a need for increased duration of anticoagulation in HIV-infected patients, with a need to address the issue of long-term management. Guideline recommendations are needed to address the complexity of treatment issues in this population.
Focal Signet Ring Cell High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Needle Biopsy
Authors: Xiao Guang-Qian , Unger Pamela D.
Published: January 2017

Signet ring cell prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a rare speculated variant of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Here, we present a free-standing and isolated signet ring cell HGPIN that was not associated with invasive carcinoma on needle biopsy and demonstrated the existence of this type of HGPIN variant. The differentiation between HGPIN and intraductal carcinoma of prostate is also discussed.
Pain, Fear, and Circumcision in Boys’ Adolescent Initiation Ceremonies
Authors: Schlegel Alice , Barry Herbert
Published: January 2017

Rituals that induce pain or instill fear occur in the majority of boys’ adolescent initiation ceremonies. They have been accounted for in several ways: as resolving a psychological conflict, as expressing dominance over juniors, as promoting male bonding, and as preparation for participation in war. This cross-cultural study examines these harsh rituals and concludes that they are a form of adult male control over adolescent boys and unmarried (sub-adult) youths. They occur in societies in which control over young males is an important social issue and other means of control are lacking. We also examine a subset of harsh rituals, those that include circumcision and other genital operations, and discuss the cultural features, particularly marriage practices, that are significantly associated with these operations.
Economic Analysis and Patient Satisfaction Associated With Outpatient Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Gonzalez Tyler , Fisk Erica , Chiodo Christopher , Smith Jeremy , Bluman Eric M.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a rapidly growing treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis that is generally performed as an inpatient procedure. The feasibility of outpatient total ankle arthroplasty (OTAA) has not been reported in the literature. We sought to establish proof of concept for OTAA by comparing outpatient vs inpatient perioperative complications, postoperative emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, patient satisfaction, and cost analysis.

Methods:

From July 2010 to September 2015, a total of 36 patients underwent TAA. Patients with prior ankle replacement, prior ankle infections, neuroarthropathy, or osteonecrosis of the talus were excluded from the study. All patient demographics, tourniquet times, estimated blood loss, comorbidities, concomitant procedures, complications, return ED visits, and readmissions were recorded. Patient satisfaction questionnaires were collected. Twenty-one patients had outpatient surgery and 15 had inpatient surgery. The cohorts were matched demographically.

Results:

The average length of stay for the inpatient group was 2.5 days. The overall cost differential between the groups was 13.4%, with the outpatient group being less costly. This correlates to a cost savings of nearly $2500 per case. One patient in the outpatient group had a return ED visit on postoperative day 1 for urinary retention. There were no 30-day readmissions in either group. Seventy-one percent of the outpatient group and 93% of the inpatient group would not change to a different postoperative admission status if they were to have the procedure again.

Conclusion:

Our results show that OTAA was a cost-effective and safe alternative with low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. With proper patient selection, OTAA was beneficial to both the patient and the health care system by driving down total cost. It has the capacity to generate substantial savings while providing equal or better value to the patient.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Spectrum of Molecular Defects in 216 Chinese Families With Hemophilia A: Identification of Noninversion Mutation Hot Spots and 42 Novel Mutations
Authors: Guo Zhiping , Yang Linhua , Qin Xiuyu , Liu Xiue , Zhang Yaofang
Published: January 2017

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by heterogeneous mutations in the factor VIII gene ( F8). Our aim is to identify the causative mutations in a large HA cohort from China. We studied 216 unrelated HA families. Molecular analyses of F8 were performed using a combination of molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction, direct sequencing, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The deleterious consequences of the unreported missense mutations were evaluated using various bioinformatics approaches. Causative mutations in F8 were identified in 209 families, intron 22 inversion (Inv22) was identified in 89 severe families, and intron 1 inversion (Inv1) was positive in 5 severe families; 95 mutations were detected among 115 noninversion families, of which 42 were novel, including 29 null variations and 13 missense mutations for which causality was demonstrated via bioinformatics. Among the 53 previously reported mutations, more nonsense (5 of 9) and missense (10 of 26) mutation sites were found to occur at Arginine (Arg) sites and multiple small deletions/insertions (5 of 10) located within the poly-A runs of the B domain. The majority of these sequence variants frequently recurred in the database. The odds ratios for the likelihood of developing inhibitors significantly increased in the presence of nonsense mutation. Our F8 defect spectrum was heterogeneous. Small deletions/insertions in the poly-A runs of the B domain and nonsense and missense mutations at Arg sites were identified as mutation hot spots. Nonsense mutation increased the risk of developing inhibitors.
A freely damped oscillating fractional dynamic system modeled by fractional Euler–Lagrange equations
Authors: Agila Adel , Baleanu Dumitru , Eid Rajeh , Irfanoglu Bulent
Published: January 2017

The behaviors of some vibrating dynamic systems cannot be modeled precisely by means of integer representation models. Fractional representation looks like it is more accurate to model such systems. In this study, the fractional Euler–Lagrange equations model is introduced to model a fractional damped oscillating system. In this model, the fractional inertia force and the fractional damping force are proportional to the fractional derivative of the displacement. The fractional derivative orders in both forces are considered to be variable fractional orders. A numerical approximation technique is utilized to obtain the system responses. The discretization of the Coimbra fractional derivative and the finite difference technique are used to accomplish this approximation. The response of the system is verified by a comparison to a classical integer representation and is obtained based on different values of system parameters.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Dependent Coverage Expansion on the Health Care and Health Status of Young Adults: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Breslau Joshua , Stein Bradley D. , Han Bing , Shelton Shoshanna , Yu Hao
Published: January 2017

The dependent coverage expansion (DCE), a component of the Affordable Care Act, required private health insurance policies that cover dependents to offer coverage for policyholders’ children through age 25. This review summarizes peer-reviewed research on the impact of the DCE on the chain of consequences through which it could affect public health. Specifically, we examine the impact of the DCE on insurance coverage, access to care, utilization of care, and health status. All studies find that the DCE increased insurance coverage, but evidence regarding downstream impacts is inconsistent. There is evidence that the DCE reduced high out-of-pocket expenditures and frequent emergency room visits and increased behavioral health treatment. Evidence regarding the impact of the DCE on health is sparse but suggestive of positive impacts on self-rated health and health behavior. Inferences regarding the public health impact of the DCE await studies with greater methodological diversity and longer follow-up periods.
The Extraregulatory Effect of Nurse Practitioner Scope-of-Practice Laws on Physician Malpractice Rates
Authors: McMichael Benjamin J. , Safriet Barbara J. , Buerhaus Peter I.
Published: January 2017

Patients can hold physicians directly or vicariously liable for the malpractice of nurse practitioners under their supervision. Restrictive scope-of-practice laws governing nurse practitioners can ease patients’ legal burdens in establishing physician liability. We analyze the effect of restrictive scope-of-practice laws on the number of malpractice payments made on behalf of physicians between 1999 and 2012. Enacting less restrictive scope-of-practice laws decreases the number of payments made by physicians by as much as 31%, suggesting that restrictive scope-of-practice laws have a salient extraregulatory effect on physician malpractice rates. The effect of enacting less restrictive laws varies depending on the medical malpractice reforms that are in place, with the largest decrease in physician malpractice rates occurring in states that have enacted fewer malpractice reforms. Relaxing scope-of-practice laws could mitigate the adverse extraregulatory effect on physicians identified in this study and could also lead to improvements in access to care.
Hyperelastic bodies under homogeneous Cauchy stress induced by three-dimensional non-homogeneous deformations
Authors: Mihai L Angela , Neff Patrizio
Published: January 2017

In isotropic finite elasticity, unlike in linear elastic theory, a homogeneous Cauchy stress may be induced by non-homogeneous strains. To illustrate this, we identify compatible non-homogeneous three-dimensional deformations producing a homogeneous Cauchy stress on a cuboid geometry, and provide an example of an isotropic hyperelastic material that is not rank-one convex, and for which the homogeneous stress and associated non-homogeneous strains are given explicitly on a domain similar to those analysed.
A Hyperlexic-Like Reading Style Is Associated With Increased Autistic Features in Girls With ADHD
Authors: Åsberg Johnels Jakob , Gillberg Christopher , Kopp Svenny
Published: January 2017

Objective: Hyperlexic-like reading (defined as word decoding much better than comprehension) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we study correlates of a hyperlexic-like reading style (HPL) in ADHD, a condition known to co-occur both with reading difficulties and ASD. Method: We compared 10 girls with an ADHD diagnosis plus HPL with 26 with ADHD minus HPL. Results: Girls with HPL scored marginally lower in reading comprehension but did not differ from non-HPL girls in IQ, vocabulary, or in the severity of ADHD ratings. However, in addition to scoring much better on word decoding, HPL readers also displayed higher levels of social-communication deficits on the ADOS-G and the ADI-R. Moreover, correlation analysis in the full sample revealed an association between increasing autistic features and word reading. Conclusion: The study underscores the heterogeneity of reading skills in ADHD, and shows the relevance of subclinic autistic features for understanding this variability.
Remodelling Media: The Urgent Search for New Media Business Models
Authors: Macnamara Jim
Published: January 2017

One of the most contentious and pressing issues concerning media in the early twenty-first century is identifying viable business models, with widespread reports that twentieth-century business models underpinning press, radio and television are collapsing because of ‘audience fragmentation’ driven by an ever-widening range of choice in media content and sources on the internet. Some scholars, media proprietors and content producers see announcements by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation and the New York Times that they will increasingly charge for news and other content as a harbinger of the new mediascape and a resolution to media decline. However, a number of reader surveys and industry analyses warn that many contemporary media users will not pay for content and will further abandon traditional media if ‘paywalls' are erected. A number of other potential business models are being touted in business and industry circles, but remain under-researched and under-explored in scholarly literature. This article reviews scholarly studies that do exist, as well as business and industry studies and media data, to identify the range of options available for funding journalism and other media content in future. Identification of sustainable media business models is an urgent priority, as continuing decline in audiences and collapse of media organisations pose a major threat to journalism and society, with scholars agreeing that further erosion of quality journalism threatens democracy. Future media business models also have major implications for the advertising industry and a wide range of content producers.
The Promise of a New Media and Development Agenda
Authors: Rodrigues Usha M.
Published: January 2017

The role of the press is underpinned by a concern for public welfare, and the discourses and debates in journalism practice and theory stem from the notion that the press is one of the pillars of a democracy and an essential element of the public sphere (Rosen, 2005; Dahlgren and Sparks, 1991). The public sphere, in turn, is linked to the theory of modernisation and the development agenda of a society, where the media are expected to play an important function as watchman, policy disseminator and teacher (Schramm, 1964). This article looks at citizen journalism's potential to provide yet another opportunity to disadvantaged communities in India to communicate with the world, via information and communication technologies. The new media also open up the possibility of these earlier disenfranchised communities becoming partners in the country's development and democratic agenda. This is a discussion paper based on a survey of initiatives undertaken by various community groups in India to provide a voice to local communities who would otherwise remain silent. It explores the impact of these citizen journalism initiatives on local communities vis-à-vis their effectiveness as a tool for development and social change, and argues that the growth and success of these initiatives around the world, though piecemeal, should become an important part of discourse concerning the role of journalism in society.
The Victorian Bushfires and Extreme Weather Events: Media Coverage, Crisis and Communication
Authors: North Louise , Bainbridge Jason
Published: January 2017

The 2009 ‘Black Saturday’ Victorian bushfires claimed the lives of 173 people and have become known as the worst fire event in Australian history. Victoria has been at the centre of two other significant Australian fire disasters – ‘Black Friday’ in 1939 and the 1983 ‘Ash Wednesday’ fires in south-eastern Australia that claimed the lives of 47 people in Victoria. As media scholar and commentator Michael Gawenda has noted, the media not only report an ‘event’ – like the Victorian bushfires or the tsunami in the South Pacific – but in a sense create and define it. Print and electronic media coverage of extreme weather events therefore raises a multitude of issues about the media's role in serving the community before, during and after a crisis, while also trying to produce the best possible reportage in a competitive industry undergoing dramatic change. This issue of MIA provides a venue for critical, empirical engagement with media coverage and representation, and the role of journalism and journalists in reporting national and international bushfires, tsunamis, hurricanes and other extreme weather events, with a special focus on the 2009 Victorian bushfires. Its goal is to address the ramifications of an industry in flux – indeed, some may say crisis – driven by technological advances, staff reductions and media organisations under financial pressure, and to explore the ways in which such extreme weather events have impacted media practices and policy.
Communicating Catastrophe: Blame, Black Saturday and Newspaper Constructions of Bushfire Risk
Authors: Bainbridge Jason , Galloway Chris
Published: January 2017

In the crucible of a major bushfire crisis, such as Victoria's devastating 2009 Black Saturday fires, media not only function as sources of information but also help to construct events through discourses that include disaster and blame. While local radio is often the ‘go to’ source for bushfire information, it is in newspapers that these discourses play out most extensively. In this article, we use Black Saturday as a case study, focusing on the newspaper reportage in the week immediately following (8–13 February) to explore how newspapers function as ‘interpretive communities' for a public trying to make sense of a complex cauldron of risks.
The Traitor and the Hedonist: The Mythology of Motherhood in Two New Zealand Child Abuse Cases
Authors: Kenix Linda Jean
Published: January 2017

Two recent child abuse cases in New Zealand flooded the local media spotlight and captured the public's attention. In both cases, the mothers were not charged with murdering their children. Yet both mothers received extensive scrutiny in the media. This qualitative analysis found two central narratives in media content: that of the traitor and that of the hedonist. In drawing upon such archetypal mythologies surrounding motherhood, the media constructed these women as simplistic deviants who did not possess the qualities of a ‘real’ mother. These framing techniques served to divert scrutiny away from civil society and exonerated social institutions of any potential wrongdoing, while also reaffirming a persistent mythology that remains damaging to women.
Government Propaganda in the 1950s: The Role of the News and Information Bureau
Authors: Clarke Patricia
Published: January 2017

This article examines the background to Australian government information or propaganda campaigns in the 1950s carried out by journalists employed in the Australian News and Information Bureau, the government's overseas publicity unit. It explores the demise of the Department of Information, its replacement by the Australian News and Information Bureau (ANIB), the threats to the existence of the organisation and its increasing relevance in publicising the government's policies arising from the need to counteract adverse publicity generated by the white Australia policy and to publicise the Colombo Plan. It evaluates these campaigns to the extent that surviving material allows, and advances reasons for their success. It draws on information in departmental files, studies of government information policies towards Asia and the personal experience of the writer, who was an ANIB journalist in the Melbourne and Canberra offices during the 1950s.
Reimagining the History of the Experience of Cinema in a Post-Movie-Going Age
Authors: Allen Robert C.
Published: January 2017

As theatrical movie-going is supplanted by other modes of engaging with cinema, it becomes more apparent that one of the most striking features of the experience of cinema for a century was its sociality. Prior to the 1980s, the experience of cinema around the world involved groups of people converging upon particular places to experience together something understood to be cinema. As it emerged as a cultural industry, cinema depended upon the regular repetition of this social practice under the sign of cinema. This article explores the application of digital technologies in representing the history of the experience of cinema in one American state (North Carolina) across the first three decades of commercial cinema. Going to the Show ( www.docsouth.unc.edu/gtts ) uses data from city directories, newspapers, photographs, architectural drawings, newspaper ads and articles to recover that which is representable about the experience of movie-going in an online archive. This material is itself represented as a layer on more than 1000 digitally stitched and georeferenced map pages for 45 towns and cities in the state. What emerges is a ‘view’ of movie-going as part of the experience of urban life at a time when towns and cities in North Carolina – and across the United States – were taking on their modern character and institutions. It also affords a unique perspective on the role of race as the determinative social factor in the experience of movie-going for all North Carolinians and, by extension, millions of other Americans.
‘Society with Spectacles’: Cultural Memory, Business Risk and the Revival of 3D
Authors: Bowles Kate
Published: January 2017

The revival of 3D film and television has engaged media retailers and analysts in discussion of the risks associated with novelty viewing, and the likely barriers to wide acceptance. Research by the University of Southern California shows that purchasing decisions are shaped by perceptions of the history of 3D, and its association with ‘kitschy photos of ‘50s movie-house audiences’. In this article, I reflect on one of the most well known of these photographs, in relation to other depictions of the novelty viewing experience of the early 1950s. I suggest that both industry and scholarly analysis might benefit from a more nuanced account of ‘the spectacle’, based on the contribution of qualitative micro-research into the social nature of the audience experience, and argue that the 3D revival offers a valuable opportunity to develop this research.
Private Sponsorships and Independent Film Exhibition in Taiwan
Authors: Shiau Hongchi , Aveyard Karina
Published: January 2017

Following the deregulation of the Taiwanese film exhibition industry in the late 1990s, local movie theatres increasingly have spurned domestic productions in favour of more dependable Hollywood blockbusters. With little commercial support for the screening of their projects, independent filmmakers in Taiwan have begun to turn to private sponsors as a means of securing theatrical deals. This article explores the historical development of this practice, and examines how it has helped some filmmakers overcome the structural and economic constraints that affect domestic productions at the cinema. The article is based on research conducted by Hongchi Shiau over a five-year period in Taiwan.