bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Behavioral and Brainstem Transcriptomic Neuroadaptations following Neonatal Opioid Exposure in Outbred Mice
Authors: Borrelli Kristyn N. , Yao Emily J. , Yen William W. , Phadke Rhushikesh A. , Ruan Qiu T. , Chen Melanie M. , Kelliher Julia C. , Langan Carly R. , Scotellaro Julia L. , Babbs Richard K. , Beierle Jacob C. , Logan Ryan W. , Johnson William Evan , Wachman Elisha M. , Cruz-Martín Alberto , Bryant Camron D.
Published: September 2021

The opioid epidemic led to an increase in the number of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) cases in infants born to opioid-dependent mothers. Hallmark features of NOWS include weight loss, severe irritability, respiratory problems, and sleep fragmentation. Mouse models provide an opportunity to identify brain mechanisms that contribute to NOWS. Neonatal outbred Swiss Webster Cartworth Farms White (CFW) mice were administered morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P14, an approximation of the third trimester of human gestation. Female and male mice underwent behavioral testing on P7 and P14 to determine the impact of opioid exposure on anxiety and pain sensitivity. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and daily body weights were also recorded. Brainstems containing pons and medulla were collected during morphine withdrawal on P14 for RNA sequencing. Morphine induced weight loss from P2 to P14, which persisted during adolescence (P21) and adulthood (P50). USVs markedly increased at P7 in females, emerging earlier than males. On P7 and P14, both morphine-exposed female and male mice displayed hyperalgesia on the hot plate and tail-flick assays, with females showing greater hyperalgesia than males. Morphine-exposed mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior in the open-field arena on P21. Transcriptome analysis of the brainstem, an area implicated in opioid withdrawal and NOWS, identified pathways enriched for noradrenergic signaling in females and males. We also found sex-specific pathways related to mitochondrial function and neurodevelopment in females and circadian entrainment in males. Sex-specific transcriptomic neuroadaptations implicate unique neurobiological mechanisms underlying NOWS-like behaviors.
Making Sense of Monarchs
Authors: Mohl Emily K. , Tritz Bethany M. , Doud Ella B. , Galchutt Emilia G. , Koomen Michele J.
Published: September 2021

We use the population decline of the monarch butterfly as a central phenomenon to support data analysis and scientific argumentation skills and to motivate inquiry and content learning in intermediate college-level biology courses. Students practice analyzing population trends, critically evaluate scientific articles that debate the causes and implications of those trends, and interpret data using key biological concepts in evolution and ecology. Students learn how to evaluate and reconcile conflicting information and use evidence and scientific reasoning to develop arguments about how communities should respond to the decline. Many of our students find the phenomenon engaging, probably because many of them come from the Upper Midwest and have witnessed or even reared monarch butterflies at home or in previous schooling. However, we draw upon ideas from culturally relevant science teaching to engage more of our students in critical analysis about the relevance of these topics to their communities, and we propose strategies for teaching about the monarch decline phenomenon in diverse contexts.
Pre-service Elementary Science Teacher Preparation through Children’s Literature
Authors: Owens David C. , McCall Gillian E. , Jaikaran Kimi , Cossa Nedra , Koballa Thomas R.
Published: September 2021

We investigated pre-service elementary teachers’ engagement in science and English language arts (ELA) instruction integrated in the context of a children’s book. Teachers developed models and conducted a compare-and-contrast analysis after exposure to different accounts of the butterfly life cycle: a popular children’s book, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, and a scientific account from National Geographic called “Butterfly: A Life.” The mixed-methods research was guided by the following question: What are the affordances and limitations of children’s literature toward engendering an understanding of the butterfly life cycle for pre-service elementary teachers? Content analysis indicated that pre-service elementary teachers’ abilities to compare and contrast the two accounts were not exceptional, as they failed to discriminate between ideas offered in the accounts and missed details of the key aspect of the butterfly life-cycle phenomenon: metamorphosis. However, the quality of participants’ butterfly life-cycle models significantly increased after exposure to the scientific account. We suggest the potential for an additional ELA standard, asking and answering such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text, as a means for enhancing compare-and-contrast skills following these activities.
The Fire of Life
Authors: Gomez Noe A.
Published: September 2021

Teaching cellular respiration in the secondary classroom requires a carefully crafted approach. The discipline, though complex, represents the cornerstone of cellular metabolic transactions. Therefore, this article proposes a method to engage students in the subject through an agricultural lens. Specifically, this will be done by having students consider why animals eat feed and where feed energy goes. After developing an appreciation for such feeding dynamics in animals, students will be better suited for studying the molecular nature of cellular respiration.
Die europäische Richtlinie gegen unfaire Handelspraktiken und ihre Umsetzung ins deutsche Recht
Authors: Bernhöft Anna Isabel
Published: September 2021

Regelmäßig klagen Landwirte und Erzeuger landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse über Schwierigkeiten in den Lieferbeziehungen mit ihren Abnehmern. Die Rede ist von kaum auskömmlichen Preisen und einer Risikoverteilung zu Lasten der Erzeuger. Abhilfe soll die Richtlinie 2019/633 über unlautere Handelspraktiken in den Geschäftsbeziehungen zwischen Unternehmen in der Agrar- und Lebensmittelversorgungskette (UTP-Richtlinie) schaffen, die Leitplanken für ein faires Miteinander aufstellen will und bestimmte Praktiken bußgeldbewehrt untersagt. Damit wird ein auf den Lebensmittelsektor begrenztes Sonderrechtsregime geschaffen, das auch aufgrund seiner materiellen Nähe zum kartellrechtlichen Anzapfverbot im deutschen Recht Abgrenzungsfragen aufwirft. Mit etwas Verspätung – die Umsetzungsfrist ist bereits am 1. Mai 2021 abgelaufen – hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber die Richtlinie mit Wirkung zum 9. 6. 2021 in deutsches Recht umgesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet den Regelungsgehalt der neuen Bestimmungen, den vorgesehenen Lösungsmechanismus für die Abgrenzungsfragen und setzt sich kritisch mit den Erfolgsaussichten des Vorhabens in der Praxis auseinander.
Technocracy as a challenge to political freedom in the digital age
Authors: Laniuk Yevhen
Published: September 2021

The government of the former Prime-Minister of Ukraine Olexiy Honcharuk named itself “the government of technocrats”. This shows that the concept of technocracy becomes attractive in Ukraine. Technocracy is the form of government, which attempts to distance itself from political representation or affiliation with a particular ideology. Technocrats derive their legitimacy from their skills and expertise, and focus primarily on problem-solving and optimizing the society’s useful functions. Technocracy has always been a promising political concept. The Republic by Plato can be regarded as the first attempt to substantiate a technocratic society, in which power proceeds from the expertise of its dominant elite. Technocracy was very appealing in the industrial age, when scientific management of factories inspired the idea that society at large could be governed by similar methods. Today, digital technologies and Big Data reinvigorate the technocratic project. In this article it has been shown that technocracy, if taken too far, can be antithetical to liberal democracy and its core value – political freedom. Technocratic society resembles a corporation run by the board of directors rather than a republic of citizens. We have pointed out the factors, which make it appealing in the modern world. We then have analyzed the ideas of Howard Scott, the founder of the movement Technocracy Inc., who advocated this political model in the industrial age, and Parag Khanna, who has made similar claims about the benefits of technocracy in the digital age. It has been proven that both these thinkers share the same illiberal mindset including the common faith in the applicability of scientific methods of social management without regard for popular votes and opinions, admiration of autocratic powers of the day, and disregard for democratic procedures, which they see as hurdles on the path toward economic well-being and political domination. Finally, we asked the question: if the challenge to political freedom in Ukraine proceeds from technocracy, will it be defended in the same way as during the three Ukrainian Maidans (1990, 2004, 2014)? We deliberately leave this question unanswered, hoping that the answer will be investigated in future publications.
Підходи до оцінки й аналізу політичних ризиків
Authors: Petrenko Igor , Filipchuk Vasyl , Postryhan Hryhorii
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено підходи до оцінки політичних ризиків. Метою дослідження є комплексний аналіз методів і прикладних моделей аналізу та оцінки політичних ризиків. Автори виходять з того, що політичні ризики мають значний вплив як на політичну діяльність, так і на економічний та фінансові сектори відповідної країни. З огляду на їх інклюзивний характер, необхідним є використання спеціальних методів й моделей, які дозволяють оцінити ризиковану діяльність та мінімізувати негативний розвиток подій як для уряду, так і для міжнародних інвесторів. Встановлено, що методи аналізу й оцінки політичних ризиків пройшли еволюційний шлях від неструктурованих якісних методів до формалізованих структурованих якісно-кількісних моделей. Виокремлено якісні, кількісні та комбіновані підходи до аналізу та оцінки політичних ризиків, кожен з яких має як переваги, так і недоліки. Доведено, що перевагою якісного підходу є можливість оцінити специфіку кожної конкретної ситуації, недоліком – суб’єктивність думок експертів. Перевагою кількісного підходу є можливість порівнювати різні країни та регіони за рівнем ризику, використовуючи єдиний числовий вимір чиннику ризику, недоліком – неврахування якісних чинників, які можуть суттєво впливати на рівень політичного ризику, але не можуть бути враховані статистикою. Обґрунтовано, що оптимальним підходом до оцінки й аналізу політичних ризиків є комбінований підхід, який передбачає поєднання якісних та кількісних методик. Він є доволі гнучким та інтегративним, що дозволяє, з одного боку, мінімізувати суб’єктивність експертних оцінок побудовою числових виразів чинників ризику (там, де це є можливим), з іншого боку, залишається можливість врахування різноманітних нюансів, інформацію про які можуть отримати експерти від обізнаних людей з країни, що оцінюється. Автори доходять висновку, що комбінований підхід є своєрідною відповіддю на питання: яким чином знизити вплив чинника суб’єктивного сприйняття середовища на кінцевий результат, але водночас врахувати його під час аналізу кількісних показників.
Проблема ксенофобії в історико-філософському дискурсі
Authors: Dobrovolska Viktoriia , Misievych Svitlana
Published: September 2021

В даній роботі розглядається проблема ксенофобії в історико-філософському дискурсі. Автори наголошують, що останнім часом досить актуальним питанням, яке потребує нагального вирішення, є проблема ксенофобії. Певні явища, а саме: нетерпимість, дискримінація, ворожість, інтолерантність, що є проявами ксенофобії, зараз є досить поширеними у суспільстві. Автори також не залишились байдужими до цієї проблеми, бо це є деструктивним проявом діяльності суспільства, певних груп, людини тощо. Основною метою дослідження постало здійснення аналізу осмислення проблеми ксенофобії та її складових у античній та середньовічній філософській спадщині. Автори наголошують, що в структурі категорій «ксенофобія» та «толерантність» лежить бінарна опозиційна система розрізнення «свій-чужий». Дослідники прийшли до висновку, що єдиного визначення поняття «ксенофобія» у сучасній науці не існує. Виходячи з сучасних трактувань даного явища, згідно з його ознаками, автори скорелювали категорії проблеми ксенофобії з феноменом «чужого», проблемою феноменології, яка стала предметом роздумів багатьох філософів. Проаналізувавши певний етап історії людства, зазначили, що проблема відношення до «іншого», «чужого» турбувала людей завжди. У роботі розглянуто формування та сутність цієї опозиції на прикладі середньовічної філософії та філософії епохи Відродження. Зроблено висновок, що поняття ксенофобії є достатньо складним, багаторівневим та не має уніфікованого підходу в сучасному науковому дискурсі щодо його визначення. Крім того, питання ксенофобії, її критерії та способи подолання дійсно є проблемою не лише у науковому дискурсі, але й постає як загроза у соціокультурному бутті сучасної людини. Толерантність, інтолерантність, терпимість – це ті дефініції, які зараз вживаються разом з поняттям ксенофобії у сучасній науці. Важливим результатом дослідження є те, що зазначена проблема в античній та середньовічній філософії є латентною, та має вигляд трактування відношення та співіснування категорій «я» – «інший» або «свій» – «чужий», запровадження «міри», як межі дотичності системи поглядів, цінностей тощо. Ґенеза осмислення проблеми ксенофобії сягає й далі та має перспективи подальших досліджень.
АНАЛІЗ ВОДИ І ДОННИХ ВІДКЛАДНЕНЬ РІЧКИ ТИГР (ІРАК) З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЇ ОБРОБКИ, НЕІОННИХ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН І β-ДИКЕТОНАТІВ МЕТАЛІВ ЯК СТАНДАРТНИХ ЗРАЗКІВ СКЛАДУ
Authors: І. Юрченко Олег , В. Черножук Тетяна , М. Бакланов Олександр , А. Кравченко Олексій
Published: September 2021

Методами атомно-абсорбційної спектроскопії і атомно-емісійної спектроскопії з індуктивно-зв'язаною плазмою проведено визначення вмісту купруму, кадмію, цинку і плюмбуму у воді річки Тигр (Ірак). Показано, що результати обох методів є рівноточними, розбіжність між ними є незначимою і виправданою випадковими похибками. Використання Тритон Х-100 дозволило знизити межі виявлення металів в 1,5-5 разів у порівнянні зі стандартним підходом. Рентгенофлуоресцентним методом і атомно-абсорбційним методом холодного пару визначено вміст меркурію в донних відкладеннях. Знайдена концентрація меркурію в донних відкладеннях річки Тигр перевищувала в середньому в 1.5-2 рази нормативні показники, встановлені для неї в Іраку (0.2 мг / кг). Нові стандартні зразки складу на основі ацетилацетонатів купруму, цинку, кадмію, плюмбуму і дімедонату меркурію (I), β-дикетонатів металів дозволили підвищити прецизійність і точність вимірювань за рахунок зближення хімічного складу аналізованих зразків і зразків порівняння.
МЕТОДИ CИНТЕЗУ ПОХІДНИХ ГІДРОКСИАНТРАХІНОНУ ТА ЇХ БІОЛОГІЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ
Authors: І. Шупенюк Василь , М. Тарас Тетяна , П. Сабадах Оксана , Р. Лучкевич Євген , П. Матківський Микола
Published: September 2021

У роботі вперше узагальнено методи одержання синтетичних похідних гідроксиантрахінону і описано спектр їх біологічної активності та токсичний вплив на організм людини. Огляд присвячений синтезу похідних гідроксиантрахінону, отриманих реакціями Фріделя-Крафтса, Дільса-Альдера, нуклеофільного заміщення, діазотування, циклоприєднання згідно з публікаціями баз даних SciFinder та Reaxys за останні 20 років. Вихідними речовинами для отримання гідроксигруп в антрахіноновому кільці найчастіше використовувались похідні фталевого ангідриду і фенолу. Гідроксипохідні антрахінонового ряду також отримували як побічні продукти в реакціях Зандмеєра, Ульмана, Меєрвейна та інших, наведених в огляді.
ЗВ’ЯЗУЮЧА АКТИВНІСТЬ БЕНЗІМІДАЗОЛЬНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ДИРЕНІЮ(ІІІ), ЩО МІСТИТЬ ЧЕТВЕРНИЙ ЗВ’ЯЗОК, ДО НЕКАНОНІЧНОЇ ДНК
Authors: А. Голіченко Олександр , І. Штеменко Наталія , Величко Олена , Штеменко Олександр
Published: September 2021

Метою роботи було дослідження зв’язуючої активності сполук диренію(III) з бензімідазольними лігандами, до складу яких входить четверний зв’язок метал-метал, з ДНК G4-квадруплексами. Комплекси диренію(III) з унікальним четверним зв’язком є особливо багатообіцяючими кандидатами для клінічного застосування через їх дуже низьку токсичність, протипухлинну та антиоксидантну активності. Зв’язування ДНК G4 з комплексами Re(III) було досліджено за допомогою електронної абсорбційної спектроскопії шляхом титрування. Ми отримали дані про гіперхромізм та зсув максимуму поглинання у бік низьких хвиль (синій зсув) в УФ-області, що корелює з конформаційною зміною ДНК G4 за умови зв’язування або комплексоутворення речовин, які не належать до інтеркаляторів, а проявляють жолобочне зв’язування. Спектральні дані показали, що комплексна сполука диренію(III) з бензімідазольними лігандами досить сильно взаємодіє з G4 (Kb = 5.258·104 для c-kit1 та 4.653·104 для HTelo22). Ми виявили, що додавання G4-квадруплексів (ckit-1 або HTelo22) призводило до інтенсивного збільшення максимуму поглинання у видимій області, що було однаковим для обох нуклеотидів. Таке збільшення інтенсивності не може описати утворення будь-якого іншого комплексу без четверного зв’язку реній-реній. Можна припустити, що таке поглинання виникло за рахунок ді(три, полі)-мерізаціі нуклеотид-комплексної сполуки. Гіперхромізм і константа зв’язування комплексної сполуки диренію(III) вище для c-kit1 у порівнянні з HTelo22, що дозволяє припустити, що c-kit демонструє більш інтенсивну взаємодію. HTelo22 не містить вільних гуанінів, крім тих, які беруть участь в утворенні G4, в той час як c-kit1 містить три неупакованих гуаніна, що робить їх потенційно доступними для більш легкого ковалентного зв’язування сполукою диренію(III) з бензімідазольними лігандами.
ІЗОТЕРМІЧНИЙ ПЕРЕРІЗ ДІАГРАМИ СТАНУ СИСТЕМИ CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3 ПРИ 1500 C
Authors: А. Корнієнко Оксана , І. Биков Олександр , В. Самелюк Анатолій , К. Барщевська Ганна
Published: September 2021

На основі вивчених фазових рівноваг встановлено, що у дослідженій системі утворюються тверді розчини типу заміщення на основі різних кристалічних модифікацій вихідних компонентів. У системі CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3  утворюються тверді розчини на основі кубічної (F) із структурою типу флюориту модифікації CeО2, моноклінної (В), кубічної (С), гексагональної (А) модифікацій Ln2O3. Визначено границі фазових полів та періоди кристалічних ґраток утворених фаз. Встановлено, що параметри елементарної комірки F-CeO2 збільшуються зі зростанням вмісту Ln3+. Закономірності, що спостерігаються для параметрів елементарних комірок, базуються на конкуренції двох факторів, серед яких: різниця іонних радіусів вихідних компонентів та відштовхування між однойменно зарядженими іонами в кристалічній ґратці в результаті заміщення Ce4+ на Ln3+. Ізотермічний переріз діаграми стану системи CeО2–La2O3–Sm2O3 за 1500 °C характеризується присутністю двох трифазних  (A + F + B, F +B + C) та п’яти двофазних (A + F, A + B, F + B, B + C, F + C) областей.
Представлені результати дослідження фазових рівноваг у потрійній системі CeO2–La2O3–Sm2O3 є довідниковим матеріалом і можуть бути використані для розробки нових матеріалів конструкційного та функціонального призначення.
Economic efficiency of Colombian agricultural companies: an empirical study of stochastic production frontiers
Authors: Arias Robles Milena Esther , Alarcón Silverio
Published: September 2021

By estimating a stochastic frontier production function that links labor and capital variables in 410 agricultural companies, the behavior of the agricultural productive efficiency in Colombia was evaluated, as well as its effects by geographic location and business size. Results showed that the factors that contribute most to the production function are related to the labor force, business liquidity and intangible assets, aspects that provide competitive advantages for medium and large companies; therefore, we suggest to improve the political-private strategy of business management with incentives for associativity, economic financing, access to R+D+i and transfer, directed to small agricultural companies.
Potential occurrence of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in the urban forest of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Nunho dos Reis Allan Rodrigo , Biondi Daniela , Ivasko Júnior Severo , Viezzer Jennifer , Kovalsyki Bruna , Dias de Oliveira Jefferson
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to develop the potential distribution model of Araucaria angustifolia and verify the relevance of Curitiba’s urban forest for its conservation. The potential distribution model was developed considering meteorological and topo-edaphic criteria through the MaxEnt® algorithm. The potential distribution map was classified into three classes of environmental adequacy: high, medium, and low. Pedology and declivity were the criteria most representative of the species distribution. The model presented an accuracy of 93.4%. The northern region of Curitiba and the areas along watercourses presented the highest environmental adequacy for A. angustifolia. A total of 72.94% of the analyzed green areas have medium and/or high adequacy for the species. We recommend creating protected areas in the regions indicated by the model, aiming at favoring the conservation of A. angustifolia and reducing pressures on their populations in the urban environment.
Arquivos públicos e privados no filme de compilação
Authors: Malinowski Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Utilizando o filme de compilação como elemento metodológico e delimitador, este artigo pretende apresentar e investigar um arcabouço teórico capaz de respaldar uma investigação entre imaginação histórica e o funcionamento dos arquivos de imagem e som na contemporaneidade. Nossa análise gira em torno das reapropriações das “imagens de arquivo” públicas e privadas realizadas, cada vez mais, por esse tipo de filme. Trata-se de um gesto que vai ao encontro de certa lógica dos arquivos de imagem na cultura contemporânea. Nosso objetivo é propor uma discussão sobre a imaginação histórica que as montagens entre essas imagens heterogêneas ensejam. Como arcabouço teórico, nos apoiamos em uma tradição arqueológica em torno dos campos de estudo do cinema e da comunicação, com ênfase no pensamento de Wolfgang Ernst, Vilém Flusser e Catherine Russel.
Antral follicle count and anti-Müllerian hormone level as predictors of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors:   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aziz Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, Izhar Rubina , Husain Samia ,   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aziz Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, Tahir Muhammad Ahmad ,   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aziz Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, Kausar Mauzma ,   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kharadar General Hospital, Pakistan, Sana Tanveer ,   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom, Ghalib Farrah ,   Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

Aim: To compare the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome, and to determine the cut-off for the antral follicle count and the anti-Müllerian hormone level predictive of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in both groups. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in women aged 20–35 years who were undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. The women were divided into those with polycystic ovarian syndrome and the controls on the basis of the Rotterdam criteria. The outcome of stimulation was recorded, and the ovarian response markers were compared in both groups. Results: Among 689 women included in the study, 276 (40.1%) had polycystic ovarian syndrome, and 476 (59.9%) were used as the controls. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred in 19.6% of the cases, and in 7.7% of the controls (p <0.001). The conception rate was greater in the group of cases (52.5% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.001). Among the cases, the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of hyper-response were 94.4% and 97.3% for AFC, and 92.6% and 93.7% for the anti-Müllerian hormone, at the cut-off values of ≥18 and ≥6.425 ng/ml, respectively. Among the controls, the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of hyper-response were 93.8% and 97.1% for the antral follicle count, and 93.6% and 94.5% for the anti-Müllerian hormone, at the cut-off values of ≥10 and ≥3.95 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Group-specific values should be used to identify and counsel women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. In light of available evidence, gynaecologists should be trained to perform ultrasound evaluation, determine the antral follicle count of their patients, and offer them appropriate counselling.
No hints for abundance of Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in 100 environmental samples from Cameroon
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Poppert Sven
Published: September 2021

Background

Little is known on the abundance of the pathogens Bacillus anthracis and Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental samples in Cameroon. Therefore, 100 respective samples were assessed in a proof-of-principle assessment.

Methods

DNA residuals from nucleic acid extractions of 100 environmental samples, which were collected between 2011 and 2013 in the Mapé Basin of Cameroon, were screened for B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei by real-time PCR. The samples comprised soil samples with water contact (n = 88), soil samples without water contact (n = 6), plant material with water contact (n = 3), water (n = 2), and soil from a hospital dressing room (n = 1).

Results

B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei were detected in none of the samples assessed.

Conclusion

The results indicate that at least a quantitatively overwhelming, ubiquitous occurrence of B. anthracis and B. pseudomallei in the environment in Cameroon is highly unlikely. However, the number and choice of the assessed samples limit the interpretability of the results.
Improving a model of the induction traction motor operation involving non-symmetric stator windings
Authors: Goolak Sergey , Liubarskyi Borys , Sapronova Svitlana , Tkachenko Viktor , Riabov Ievgen , Glebova Marina
Published: September 2021

The analysis of operating conditions of induction traction motors as part of traction electric drives of electric locomotives reported here has revealed that they are powered by autonomous voltage inverters with asymmetric non-sinusoidal voltage. It was established that the induction motor operation may be accompanied by defects caused by the asymmetrical modes of the motor stator. A model of the induction motor has been proposed that takes into consideration changes in the values of mutual inductance of phases and complete inductance of the magnetization circuit due to changes in the geometric dimensions of the winding caused by a certain defect. An algorithm that considers the saturation of the magnetic circuit of the electric motor has been proposed.
This approach to modeling an induction motor is important because if one of the stator's windings is damaged, its geometry changes. This leads to a change in the mutual inductance of phases and the complete inductance of the magnetization circuit. Existing approaches to modeling an induction motor do not make it possible to fully take into consideration these changes.
The result of modeling is the determined starting characteristics for an intact and damaged engine. The comparison of modeling results for an intact engine with specifications has shown that the error in determining the controlled parameters did not exceed 5 %. The modeling results for the damaged engine demonstrated that the nature of change in the controlled parameters did not contradict the results reported by other authors. The discrepancy in determining the degree of change in the controlled parameters did not exceed 10 %. That indicates a high reliability of the modeling results.
The proposed model of an induction electric motor could be used to investigate electromagnetic processes occurring in an electric motor during its operation as part of the traction drive of electric locomotives
Development of a method of protection of concrete floors of animal buildings from corrosion at the expense of using dry disinfectants
Authors: Shkromada Oksana , Fotina Tatiana , Petrov Roman , Nagorna Liudmyla , Bordun Olexandr , Barun Marina , Babenko Olena , Karpulenko Maksym , Tsarenko Taras , Solomon Vyacheslav
Published: September 2021

Concrete floors are most commonly used in animal housing. However, the specific environment of livestock buildings (moisture, urine, disinfectants) has a negative effect on concrete and leads to its corrosion. The influence of chemical and physical factors on concrete is reinforced by the development of microorganisms, which quickly adapt and use concrete as a living environment.
To reduce the influence of an aggressive environment on the concrete floor, an experimental mixture of dry disinfectants was proposed.
The components of the disinfection mixture have been selected taking into account the safety for animals and humans.
The TPD-MS method was used to determine the change in the chemical composition of concrete. To study the microstructure of concrete, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used.
Microbiological studies revealed bacteria A. Thiooxidans, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. Сholeraesuis, C. Perfringen and micromycetes of the genus Cladosporium, Fusariums, Aspergillus, which contribute to the development of biological corrosion of concrete in livestock buildings. The fact of the negative impact of concentrated disinfectants on the structure of concrete was also established.
As a result of the studies carried out, it was proved that a mixture of dry components for disinfection exhibits antimicrobial properties to varying degrees to the strains of field isolates of bacteria and fungi isolated in a pig-breeding farm. It was found that when using the proposed mixture of dry disinfectants in the research room of the pigsty, the relative humidity decreases by 38.5 %; ammonia content – by 46.2 %; hydrogen sulfide – by 57.8 %; microbial bodies – by 74.7 %, compared with the control room.
It has been experimentally proven that the proposed mixture of dry disinfecting components has hygroscopic and antimicrobial properties and is promising for use in livestock farms.
Comparing the physical principles of action of suspension damping devices based on their influence on the mobility of wheeled vehicles
Authors: Dushchenko Vladislav , Vorontsov Serhii , Masliyev Vyacheslav , Agapov Oleg , Nanivskyi Roman , Cherevko Yurii , Masliiev Anton
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the comparison of two physical principles of action of suspension damping devices based on their influence on the mobility indicators for an 8×8 wheeled machine. A radical difference between these principles of action is the dependence of resistance forces on the speed of the relative movement of working bodies (internal friction: hydraulic shock absorbers) or on the relative movement of working bodies (external friction: friction shock absorbers).
Widespread hydraulic shock absorbers have certain disadvantages that do not make it possible to further increase the mobility of wheeled or tracked vehicles without the use of control and recuperation systems. In turn, in friction shock absorbers, the use of new materials has eliminated many of their shortcomings and thus can provide significant advantages.
It was established that the application of friction shock absorbers for a given wheeled vehicle did not significantly affect the speed compared to hydraulic ones. The main factor that prevented the implementation of the advantages of friction shock absorbers was the insufficient suspension travel. However, friction shock absorbers absorbed 1.76...2.3 times less power, which reduced the load on nodes and increased efficiency (autonomy). In addition, a more uniform load on suspensions was ensured, which improved their resource, and, due to the prevailing vertical oscillations of the suspended body over the longitudinal-angular ones, the geometric passability improved as well.
The comparison of two physical principles of action of damper suspension devices in a wheeled vehicle has shown that the use of friction shock absorbers could provide significant advantages in resolving the task relates to improving the mobility and would fundamentally affect the choice of the suspension energy recuperation system if it is applied.
Analysis of Cr(III) ions adsorption on the surface of algae: implications for the removal of heavy metal ions from water
Authors: Tattibayeva Zhadra , Tazhibayeva Sagdat , Kujawski Wojciech , Zayadan Bolatkhan , Мusabekov Kuanyshbek , Adilbekova Akbota
Published: September 2021

For purposeful control of the adsorption process, a comprehensive study of the properties of the original cells and the effect of metal ions on them is necessary. In this regard, the features of the adsorption of Cr(III) ions on the cell surface of Spirulina platensis algae were studied. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the main functional groups responsible for the binding of Cr(III) ions are carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate groups on the surface of algae. The adsorption data were processed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. It is shown that the maximum adsorption of Cr(III) ions on the surface of algae cells is 31.25 mg/g. The Freundlich constant 1/n is 0.65. The study of the effect of the concentration of Cr(III) ions on the Zeta-potential of algae cells revealed an abnormal increase in the negative value of the ζ – potential at 10–5 mol/L, caused by the release of an additional amount of anionic functional groups to the surface. A further increase in the concentration of Cr(III) ions in the algae suspension leads to a decrease in the ζ – potential and recharge of the surface at C>10–2 mol/L. It was found that the adsorption of Cr(III) ions also affects the morphology of the cell surface. If before contact with Cr(III) ions, the surface of algae cells is represented as a uniform green grid, after adsorption of Cr(III) ions, the surface becomes green-brown, with swollen spirals. The study of the effect of pH on the adsorption and desorption processes shows an increase in the desorption of Cr(III) ions from the surface of algae during acidification of the medium. The adsorption reaches a maximum value in the pH range of 6–7. In the region of optimal Cr(III)/biosorbent ion ratios, the recovery rate of Cr(III) reaches 98.5–99.3 %.
Determining the nutritional value and quality indicators of meat-containing bread made with hemp seeds flour (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Bozhko Nataliia , Pasichnyi Vasyl , Tischenko Vasyl , Marynin Andrii , Shubina Yevgeniia , Strashynskyi Igor
Published: September 2021

Meat-containing bread with the use of hemp flour has been devised, with the subsequent assessment of its physical and chemical, sensory properties involving the study into the technological indicators of new products. Three experimental formulations for meat-containing bread were developed, which included semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, pumpkin pulp, and 8, 10, 12 % of hemp flour. A meat-containing bread from combined raw materials was adopted as control. All samples were evaluated taking into consideration their physical and chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics.
It has been proven that the addition of hemp flour to the formulation improved the consumer value of products by increasing the content of protein, fat, and minerals. It was found that the protein content in the developed products was 18.03‒19.53 g/100 g, which is 3.21‒11.80 % higher than that of the analog. The fat content increased by 17.84–56.83 %, which also led to an increase in the calorie content of products.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the introduction of hemp flour into bread's minced meat improves the functional and technological indicators of model meat systems. An increase in water-binding capacity was observed, by 13.46‒22.15 %; in water-holding capacity, by 10.34‒21.43 %; in fat-holding capacity, by 17.2‒26.9 %. The combination of semi-fat pork, poultry, mechanically deboned turkey, and hemp flour increases the ductility of the minced meat while reducing the shear stress, contributes to the good forming properties of the minced meat. The sensory analysis of the prototypes showed their high consumer value. The organoleptic assessment and sensory analysis of the prototypes demonstrated high consumer properties of the manufactured products, which makes it possible to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of various segments of the population
Optimization of titanium dioxide wetting in alkyd paint and varnish materials in the presence of surfactants
Authors: Ostrovnoy Kirill , Dyuryagina Antonina , Demyanenko Alexandr , Tyukanko Vitaliy
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the results of studying the influence of surfactants (SAS) on the wetting of titanium dioxide in alkyd paint and varnish materials (PVM), based on pentaphthalic (PPh) and alkyd-urethane (AU) film-forming substances. Edge wetting angle (θ°) and adhesion work (Wa) were used as the criteria for assessing the wettability of titanium dioxide. Three additives were used as SAS: the original product AS-1, obtained from waste of oil refining (with low cost), and industrial additives: "Telaz" and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA). All the studied additives in PPh and AU PVM improve the wetting of titanium dioxide. At the 30 % content of AS film-forming substance in the composition, the maximum decrease in θ° for AS-1 is 4.5°, for PEPA and Telaz it is 4°. For pentaphthalic composition under similar conditions, a decrease in edge wetting angle for AS-1 is 10 °, for Telaz 8.6°, and for PEPA 5.9°. According to the relative change in edge wetting angle for both systems, the maximum decrease in θ° is about 10 %. The introduction of SAS into the composition of AU ambiguously affects the adhesion work, for PPh, the introduction of SAS causes a decrease in adhesion work (Wa). AS-1 is the SAS that minimally reduces adhesion work. The compositions of the PVM by the method of probabilistic-deterministic planning, which ensures maximum wetting of titanium dioxide with film-forming solutions, were analyzed. The equations for calculating the edge angle of wetting of titanium dioxide depending on the content of solvent and the SAS in the PVM were derived. The effectiveness of the AS-1 product as a wetting additive for alkyd paints and varnishes was proven. The wetting ability of the original SAS – AS-1 is close to industrial additives PEPA and Telaz.
Determining the influence of protein-mineral additives on the properties of butter cookies emulsion
Authors: Serik Maksym , Samokhvalova Olga , Kholobtseva Iryna , Fedak Natalia , Bolkhovitina Olena , Sova Nataliia , Chornei Kristina
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the results of studying the influence of two types of protein-mineral additives on the properties of butter biscuit emulsion. The additives are considered as a source of digestible calcium compounds and as a functional and technological component that can improve the quality of buttery flour products. The parameters for pre-hydration of additives in the environment of cow's milk for better implementation of their functional and technological characteristics have been substantiated. It was established that the use of protein-mineral additives in the manufacture of emulsions in the amount of up to 7 % leads to an increase in the emulsification capacity of model systems by 1.5...1.65 times. Improved emulsion resistance has been proven, in particular after heat treatment. It was established that using 5...7 % of the additive produces a pronounced thermal stabilizing effect. After heat treatment at a temperature of 90...95 °C during 3×60 s, when using the protein-mineral additive, a volume of the released water and fat phase increases by 12...25 %. When applying the improved additive, a volume of the released phases increases by 3...10 %. A lower degree of coalescence of the fat phase as part of the emulsion when using the improved protein-mineral additive was microscopically confirmed.
The fact of increasing the effective viscosity of emulsions when using up to 7 % of the improved protein-mineral additive was established. This is a positive fact in terms of stabilizing the emulsions and improving their stability as one of the important factors related to the quality of finished flour confectionery. It was established that the improved form of the additive, due to the content of chondroitin sulfates, provides for a better effect on the characteristics of emulsions, which should have a positive influence on the quality of flour-based buttery products.
Substantiating the removal of fat in the technology of obtaining wheat germ and devising technology for making cookies containing it
Authors: Pyvovarov Pavlo , Cheremska Tetiana , Kolesnikova Maryna , Iurchenko Svitlana , Andrieieva Svitlana
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the results of studying the effect of fat removal from wheat germ on its functional-technological properties, as well as its commercial potential, using the technology of butter biscuits as an example. The expediency of large-scale application of fat-free germ has been established for resolving two tasks at the same time: the introduction of the concept of lean manufacturing provided the germ utilization is scientifically justified, that is, creating value without losses. It has been noted that flour confectionery technology has prospects for the introduction of fat-free wheat germ.
It has been shown that although wheat germ has a unique chemical composition, it contains much fat, which contributes to the processes of oxidation and rancidity. It is the lack of a scientific base on the influence of the fat removal process on the functional-technological properties of fat-free wheat germ that is a deterrent for its application in the food industry.
The paper gives the results from studying the functional-technological properties of wheat germ from which fat was removed with freon-12.
The solubility of proteins of fat-free wheat germ depending on the pH has been investigated; it was determined that the conditions for pronounced solubility were created at pH 9.
It has been determined that NaCl at a concentration of 1...5 % does not affect the amount of dissolved protein.
The results from investigating the surface tension of wheat germ protein solutions and fat-free wheat germ depending on the medium pH are presented. The dependence of values of the surface activity of wheat germ protein solutions on pH has been established.
The dependence of the phase inversion point on the concentration of wheat germ and fat-free wheat germ has been investigated. It was determined that the emulsifying ability increases with an increase in the concentration of the suspension to 10 %.
A technological scheme for making butter biscuits with the use of fat-free wheat germ has been devised.
Devising an efficient approach to determine the optimal sequence of from-to matrix
Authors: Laith Watheq , Al-Salih Rasheed
Published: September 2021

Sequencing is the most impact factor in many production areas, such as assembly lines, batch production, Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), product sequences, process sequences, etc. The flow and analysis from one item to another can be presented by the square matrix in which the number of rows or columns is equal to the number of manipulated items, this special matrix form is called “From-To matrix”. The matrix suffers from many drawbacks when it is applied to determine the optimal sequences, such as the number of variables must be as small as possible, there is no flexibility to determine the start or the end sequence to find the best sequencing with some conditions. Also, there is no possibility to add relations to point a variable as wanted or prevented from the sequence. In this paper, we solve the From-To matrix by binary linear programming (BLP).
The proposed BLP approach has been applied in Ur company to solve the From-To matrix. This company has a production line that can manufacture four products: A, B, C, and D, the setup time matrix is considered as From-To matrix and the goal of this company is to get an optimum sequence of products with minimum time. The solution of state transition of the From-To matrix using BLP can be formulated in the following five model cases according to transition requirement condition and desired: the first case gives all possible sequence items, the second case lists the sequence items when the first sequence is known, the third case lists the sequence items when the last sequence is known, the fourth case gives all possible sequence items with a condition that prevents occurring of an undesired sequence, and the fifth case gives all possible sequence items with the condition of a wanted occurring of the desired sequence.
Furthermore, we found the optimum sequences for states by determining the start or end sequences, and also add the wanted relations or prevented. The mathematical formulas for the number of all sequences under some conditions are derived and proved
Development methodology of determinating residual carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams with damages tensile reinforcement which occurred during loading
Authors: Vegera Pavlo , Vashkevych Rostyslav , Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Khmil Roman
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the improved and verified procedure for calculating reinforced concrete beams affected by damage to stretched reinforcement when loaded. The main results from testing the reinforced concrete beams with damage in the stretched zone in the form of one hole in the reinforcement in the middle of the beam are given. The variable parameter of the study was the level of load resulting in the damage. It acquired values of 0, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % of the bearing capacity of control undamaged samples. Overall, the results of testing 12 samples are given. A new procedure has been proposed for taking into consideration changes in the mechanical characteristics of stretched reinforcement arising from its damage. This makes it possible to more accurately establish the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete bended elements affected by damage to their reinforcement during operation. The analysis of the calculation, compared with experimental quantities, led to a conclusion that the strain model could determine when the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams without damage and with damage to working reinforcement is exhausted. Based on the improved algorithm, the principle of using a strain model was proposed to establish when the bearing capacity of damaged samples, taking into consideration the effect of the load level, is exhausted. The theoretical estimation, considering when the bearing capacity is exhausted, showed results that are 3...21 % less than the experimental values, which ensures reliability of calculation of such structures. The proposed calculation provides a new approach to determining the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams damaged during operation. That, in turn, makes it possible to more accurately determine the residual bearing capacity of structures and increases the safety of their operation.