bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmids are anchored to inactive regions of eukaryotic chromosomes through a nucleosome signal
Authors: Girard Fabien , Even Antoine , Thierry Agnès , Ruault Myriam , Meneu Léa , Larrous Pauline , Garnier Mickaël , Adiba Sandrine , Taddei Angela , Koszul Romain , Cournac Axel
Published: February 2025

Natural plasmids are common in prokaryotes, but few have been documented in eukaryotes. The natural 2µ plasmid present in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of these best-characterized exceptions. This highly stable genetic element has coexisted with its host for millions of years, faithfully segregating at each cell division through a mechanism that remains unclear. Using proximity ligation methods (such as Hi-C, Micro-C) to map the contacts between 2µ plasmid and yeast chromosomes under dozens of different biological conditions, we found that the plasmid is tethered preferentially to regions with low transcriptional activity, often corresponding to long, inactive genes. These contacts do not depend on common chromosome-structuring factors, such as members of the structural maintenance of chromosome complexes (SMC) but depend on a nucleosome-encoded signal associated with RNA Pol II depletion. They appear stable throughout the cell cycle and can be established within minutes. This chromosome hitchhiking strategy may extend beyond the 2µ plasmid/S. cerevisiae pair, as suggested by the binding pattern of the natural eukaryotic plasmid Ddp5 along silent chromosome regions of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.
Proton conductance by human uncoupling protein 1 is inhibited by purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Authors: Jones Scott A , Sowton Alice P , Lacabanne Denis , King Martin S , Palmer Shane M , Zögg Thomas , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Ruprecht Jonathan J , Kunji Edmund R S
Published: February 2025

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, SLC25A7) is responsible for the thermogenic properties of brown adipose tissue. Upon fatty acid activation, UCP1 facilitates proton leakage, dissipating the mitochondrial proton motive force to release energy as heat. Purine nucleotides are considered to be the only inhibitors of UCP1 activity, binding to its central cavity to lock UCP1 in a proton-impermeable conformation. Here we show that pyrimidine nucleotides can also bind and inhibit its proton-conducting activity. All nucleotides bound in a pH-dependent manner, with the highest binding affinity observed for ATP, followed by dTTP, UTP, GTP and CTP. We also determined the structural basis of UTP binding to UCP1, showing that binding of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides follows the same molecular principles. We find that the closely related mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier (SLC25A10) and oxoglutarate carrier (SLC25A11) have many cavity residues in common, but do not bind nucleotides. Thus, while UCP1 has evolved from dicarboxylate carriers, no selection for nucleobase specificity has occurred, highlighting the importance of the pH-dependent nucleotide binding mechanism mediated via the phosphate moieties.
An epitranscriptomic program maintains skeletal stem cell quiescence via a METTL3-FEM1B-GLI1 axis
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Weidong , Zhang Tiantian , Cui Manman , Gao Kexin , Lu Pengbo , Yao Shuxin , Cao Ziyan , Zheng Yanbing , Tian Wen , Li Yan , Yin Rong , Hu Jin , Han Guoqiang , Liang Jianfei , Zhou Fuling , Chai Jihua , Zhang Haojian
Published: February 2025

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) maintain the skeletal system via pluripotency and differentiation capacity. However, it remains largely unknown how these cells precisely regulate their function to maintain skeletal organization. Here, we delineate the RNA m6A modification landscape across skeletal cell populations in the mouse epiphysis. Our findings show that m6A modifications are prevalent in skeletal stem cell and progenitor populations and play critical roles in cell fate determination. Genetic deletion of Mettl3, the core catalytic subunit of the m6A-methyltransferase complex, in murine skeletal stem and progenitors impaired bone development, leading to shortened limbs, disrupted growth plate zonation, and decreased bone mass. Moreover, Mettl3 deficiency induced quiescence exit in SSCs, together with compromised self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Mechanistically, Mettl3-mediated m6A modification reduced mRNA stability of the Cul2-RING E3 ligase complex subunit Fem1b, which subsequently stabilizes Gli1 protein, a key transcription factor of Hedgehog pathway for maintaining SSC identity and function. Thus, we present a comprehensive RNA m6A modification landscape of skeletal cell hierarchy and uncover the essential function of epitranscriptomically-regulated proteostasis in maintaining SSCs quiescence and potency.
Recovery and reuse of homogeneous palladium catalysts via organic solvent nanofiltration: application in the synthesis of AZD4625
Authors: Xiao Hui , Goundry William R. F. , Griffiths Rhys , Feng Yanyue , Karlsson Staffan
Published: February 2025

Using OSN, a homogeneous Pd catalyst in AZD4625 synthesis is separated and reused for five cycles, maintaining over 90% conversion.
Germanium stable isotope measurements by double-spike MC–ICPMS
Authors: Wölfer Elias , Burkhardt Christoph , Kleine Thorsten
Published: February 2025

We present analytical procedures for the measurement of mass-dependent Ge isotope compositions using a 70Ge–73Ge double spike and multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Two different mass spectrometers (ThermoScientific...
Engineering a multivariate cobalt metal–organic framework for high photocatalytic activity: the impact of mixed ligands and metal incorporation in a visible light-driven heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction for water treatment
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Noelia , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Emmerling Franziska , Prinz Carsten , Prieto-Laria Paula , Ruiz-Salvador A. Rabdel , Ballesteros Menta
Published: February 2025

UPO-3 MOF exhibits high photocatalytic activity under visible light for water decontamination.
NOVEL 3D Fe₂O₃@ZnBi₂O₄ n-p HETEROJUNCTION WITH HIGH PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT
Authors: Ha Luu Thi Viet , Nguyen Van Cuong , Thuy Nguyen Thi Dieu , Doan Van-Dat , Lieu Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Dung Xuan , Dang Huu Phuc
Published: February 2025

A novel n-p Fe₂O₃@ZnBi₂O₄ (FZB) heterojunction with a unique 3D structure was fabricated in two simple steps to break down MB under visible light. First, the polymer gel combustion technique...
Lead ferrite-based heterogeneous photocatalysis: a green approach for rhodamine 6G dye remediation
Authors: Sara Bibi , Baig Jameel Ahmed , Solangi Imam Bakhsh , Akhtar Khalil , Perveen Saima , Hussain Sajjad , Abbasi Fahad , Solangi Shakoor Ahmed
Published: February 2025

PbFe12O19 nanoparticles serve as an efficient and reusable photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine 6G dye under visible light irradiation.
Bipolar fully spin-polarized photocurrent in zigzag graphene nanoribbonbon
Authors: Cui Xinlin , Song Yu , Yang Yaqing , zhang liwen , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2025

Zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) is highly promising low-dimensional spintronic materials due to their unique magnetic edge structure. However, the generation of bipolar fully spin-polarized photocurrent through a ZGNR design has...
Fabrication of Cu-MOFs derived nanofiber membranes for efficient removal of environmental pollutants
Authors: Li Wenze , Guo Fu-Yu , Qu Sheng , Li Jing , Ru Yi , Zhang Xiao-Sa , Liu Yu , Luan Jian
Published: February 2025

Globally, the most significant environmental issue is water pollution from industrial wastes. In this paper, two novel copper-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) were constructed using 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2NDC) as the...
Correction: A breathable and reliable thermoplastic polyurethane/Ag@K2Ti4O9 composite film with an asymmetrical porous structure for wearable piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wang Mingxu , Zhang Chenyang , Wei Zhongrui , Wang Yuhang , Gao Chunxia , Zhu Jiadeng , Gao Jiefeng , Shen Ming , Gao Qiang
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘A breathable and reliable thermoplastic polyurethane/Ag@K2Ti4O9 composite film with an asymmetrical porous structure for wearable piezoresistive sensors’ by Ziwei Chen et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 12986–12997, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC02611B.
Correction: Highly stretchable and elastic PEDOT:PSS helix fibers enabled wearable sensors
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhu Jiadeng , Wei Zhongrui , Chen Ziwei , Zhu Chunhong , Gao Qiang , Gao Chunxia
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Highly stretchable and elastic PEDOT:PSS helix fibers enabled wearable sensors’ by Jing Chen et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 13358–13369, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC02381H.
Expression of VP1 gene as a DNA vaccine candidate for foot and mouth disease using phospholipid and poly-lactic acid nanoparticles as a delivery system
Authors: Wibowo Natalia , Siahu Celine , Gustari Sri , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: February 2025

The Foot and Mouth Disease outbreaks in Indonesia in 2022 give several disadvantages for livestock. The primary treatment of reproductive pathologies involves a combination of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Prevention strategies include vaccination against specific diseases that cause reproductive disorders. Vaccination is the primary preventive measure in managing the spread of the FMD virus. The Viral Protein 1 (VP1) gene encodes the FMD virus capsid protein, which could be a target in developing a DNA vaccine for FMD. Therefore, the development of DNA vaccine in this study is focused on increasing VP1 gene expression using the pEGFP-N1 vector in HeLa cells as a mammalian cell model, using Lipofectamine as phospholipid nanoparticle and Poly-Lactate Acid (PLA) as polymer nanoparticle to increase delivery efficiency to target cells. The method used in this study is divided into three main stages, namely cloning and transformation of Plasmid DNA (pEGFP-N1-VP1) in competent E. coli DH5α cells; formulation of recombinant Plasmid DNA complexes of PLA nanoparticles and Lipofectamine Plasmid DNA nanoparticles; and determination of VP1 gene expression in a mammalian expression system. The VP1 gene delivered with Lipofectamine was successfully expressed at a level of 516.25-fold, while PLA was expressed at 114.08-fold in HeLa cells as a mammalian model. Both nanoparticles successfully delivered the VP1 gene into mammalian cells; however, the formulation of PLA nanoparticles requires further optimization to achieve more optimal results.
Efficient transient dynamic analysis of a crane bridge subjected to shake table tests using non-linear substructuring
Authors: Li Sijia , Brun Michael , Gravouil Anthony
Published: February 2025

The dynamic behavior of bridge cranes under earthquake is an essential issue for nuclear safety, requiring experimental data and validated numerical simulations. In order to investigate the non-linear seismic response of an experimentally tested bridge crane through a shake table test, three-dimensional transient dynamic analyses are carried out in MATLAB environment using non-linear substructuring for non-smooth transient dynamics in the framework of Heterogeneous Asynchronous Time Integrator. An explicit time integrator is applied in the small contact areas to treat multi-impacts and frictional contacts between wheels and rails with a fine time step satisfying the CFL condition, while an implicit time integrator is adopted with a large time step in the other parts without contact. The non-linear seismic behavior of the mock-up is reproduced in a satisfactory way, such as the frictional sliding and uplift, with an excellent computational efficiency. The different comparisons between numerical and experimental results give a satisfactory agreement in terms of pseudo-acceleration response spectra, displacements and forces transmitted to the anchorage systems of the shake table, demonstrating the ability of the proposed numerical model to predict the non-linear dynamic response of bridge cranes under earthquake excitations.
Certification of Fertilizers and Pesticides as a Strategy for Sustainable Development: The Case of Agricultural Trading Companies in Sinaloa
Authors: Calderón-López María Andrea , Becerra-Pérez Luis Armando , García-Páez Benjamín
Published: February 2025

The certification of fertilizers and pesticides is vital for promoting ecological agriculture and safeguarding soil and food production. A major challenge for global agriculture is ensuring future food supply by increasing yields per cultivated area. To achieve this, best practices, particularly in fertilizer and pesticide use, are essential. This study examines how input certification supports agricultural trading companies and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 12 of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, focusing on sustainable consumption and production patterns. Using a qualitative methodology, the study involved surveys with agricultural-input suppliers from Sinaloa State-Mexico, and interviews with company executives and government officials. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and ATLAS.ti. Results from 48 surveys and 5 interviews reveal a positive link between organic certification and increased profits, as well as growing interest in sustainability among farm managers. However, bureaucratic delays and lack of institutional support hinder certification efforts. Given that Sinaloa is a major agricultural region, these findings can be applied to other parts of Mexico, particularly where agriculture is central to the economy. The insights offer valuable implications for states looking to adopt sustainable practices and could guide policymakers in simplifying certification processes to support the sector nationwide.
Kontakteinschränkende Maßnahmen in Pflegeeinrichtungen im Rahmen der
COVID-19 Pandemie und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Bewohner – ein
Plädoyer
Authors: Heudorf Ursel , Stalla Kristin
Published: February 2025

In der COVID-19 Pandemie hatten Bewohner* von
Altenpflegeeinrichtungen ein besonders hohes Risiko, an diesem Virus sehr
schwer zu erkranken und auch daran zu versterben. Deswegen wurden strenge
Schutzmaßnahmen bis hin zu Besuchsverboten ergriffen. Sehr bald zeigten sich
jedoch die negativen Auswirkungen dieser kontakteinschränkenden Maßnahmen
auf die psychische und physische Gesundheit, die Lebensqualität das
Selbstbestimmungsrecht und letztendlich die Würde der Bewohner und es wurde
die Frage aufgeworfen, ob die Isolierung (Confinement disease) nicht
gesundheitsschädlicher sei als die Erkrankung selbst.

Es wurden Stellungnahmen zu Infektionsschutz-Maßnahmen in den
Pflegeeinrichtungen, Studien mit Stimmen von Betroffenen (Bewohnern,
Angehörigen, Mitarbeitern in Pflegeeinrichtungen) und Interviews mit
Bewohnern von Pflegeeinrichtungen sowie Reviews zu unerwünschten Wirkungen
der Schutzmaßnahmen recherchiert. Die Suche umfasste sowohl sog. „graue
Literatur“ als auch Publikationen aus PubMed.

Die Bewohner litten stark unter der Isolation und darunter, dass über sie
entschieden wurde, ohne sie zu fragen. Sie beklagten den Verlust ihrer
Autonomie und fühlten sich in ihrer Würde verletzt. Die Reviews zeigten bei
den Bewohnern generell häufiger Einsamkeit, Angst, Traurigkeit und
Depressivität, teilweise auch einen körperlichen Abbau.

In Zukunft muss darauf geachtet werden, eine unter rechtlichen und
gesundheitlichen Aspekten gute Balance zwischen Infektionsschutz und Schutz
der psychischen und physischen Gesundheit, des Wohlbefindens und der
Lebensqualität der Bewohner, der Achtung der Autonomie, des Rechts auf
Selbstbestimmung und der Würde der Bewohner zu erreichen. Hierzu bedarf es
einer breiten gesellschaftlichen Diskussion, in der nicht nur Fachleute aus
den Bereichen der Infektiologie sondern auch aus den Bereichen der
Geriatrie, der Pflege, der öffentlichen Gesundheit, der Ethik und des Rechts
sondern insbesondere auch die Betroffenen selbst oder ihre Vertreter, ihre
Angehörigen gehört und ihre Argumente berücksichtigt werden.
Adipositas und Gewichtsverluste bei Pflegeheimbewohner*innen und
deren Einfluss auf die Mortalität. Eine retrospektive Analyse von
Routinedaten
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wolke Reinhold , Berger Bianca , Marx Julian , Alf Frank , Reiber Petra , Essig Gundula
Published: February 2025

In der Langzeitpflege wird oft auf Untergewicht
fokussiert, wenig ist jedoch über Gewichtsveränderungen bei initialer
Adipositas bekannt. Diese Studie untersucht Gewichtsveränderungen bei
Pflegeheimbewohner*innen mit Adipositas (AG) im Vergleich zu Unter- (UG) und
Normalgewicht (NG).

Sekundäranalyse eines Routinedatensatzes aus sechs
Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen, retrospektive Auswertung von Daten von 495
Bewohner*innen.

Bewohner*innen mit Adipositas sind signifikant jünger (UG
88,0; NG 84,0; AG 78,5 Jahre) und haben einen geringeren Frauenanteil (UG
86,0%; NG 68,9%; AG 55,3%). Sie haben ein höheres Risiko für
medikationsbedingte Probleme (UG 9,4; NG 10,8; AG 15,0). Der
Morbiditätsindex, die Prävalenz chronischer Erkrankungen und
Gewichtsveränderungen nach 3, 6 und 12 Monaten unterscheiden sich nicht
signifikant. Die Mortalität ist in der AG nach 36 Monaten am geringsten (UG
68,0%; NG 56,7%; AG 42,6%). Auch nach Risikoadjustierung um die Variablen um
die Variablen Alter, Geschlecht, Morbiditätsindex und MERIS zeigt sich ein
Überlebensvorteil bei Adipositas (HR 0,63) und positiveren
Gewichtsveränderungen in den ersten 6 Monaten (HR 0,94).

Pflegeheimbewohner*innen mit Adipositas verlieren
ähnlich viel Gewicht wie andere Gruppen, wobei Übergewicht einen protektiven
Effekt gegen Versterben haben könnte.
41. Bundesfachtagung femak e. V.: Wissen vernetzt – Austausch und Innovation im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Ruch Norbert
Published: February 2025

Am 17. und 18. März 2025 findet in Rotenburg an der Fulda die 41. Bundesfachtagung des femak e. V. statt – dem Fachverband für Einkäufer und Logistiker im Krankenhaus. Unter dem Motto „Transformation im Gesundheitswesen – Einkauf & Logistik unter neuen Voraussetzungen“ lädt der Verband Fachleute und Interessierte aus der Branche zu der Veranstaltung ein.
Characterizing Negative Online Reviews in Hand Surgery
Authors: Lin Lawrence J. , Mai Eric , Lan Rae , Jacobi Sophia , Abola Matthew V. , Ayalon Omri
Published: February 2025

Background Physician review websites are easily accessible resources for patients seeking care. The purpose of our study is to characterize the negative reviews of hand surgeons found on popular review sites using a random sample of members from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) directory.

Materials and Methods We randomly selected 500 hand surgeons from the AAOS Find an Orthopaedist database and searched for reviews on three websites: Healthgrades.com, Vitals.com, and RateMDs.com. All one-star written reviews were categorized based on the primary complaint in the review. These complaints were analyzed to determine the factors most frequently associated with negative reviews.

Results A total of 1,848 written one-star reviews were included in the analysis. Of all included reviews, 18.1% directly referenced having surgery with the reviewed surgeon while 81.9% did not. Nonclinical complaints comprised the majority of reviews (73.6%). Of the nonclinical complaints, bedside manner was the most frequently cited complaint (53.8%), while wait time (11.0%), time spent with the provider (10.4%), and staff complaints (8.5%) were the next most common. Among the clinical complaints, unfavorable surgical outcomes (40.4%) were most common, while disagreement with or unclear treatment plans (23.6%), misdiagnosis (12.3%), and uncontrolled pain (11.9%) were next.

Conclusion While there are several potential sources of patient dissatisfaction, we have demonstrated that nonclinical aspects of care, such as surgeon bedside manner and office wait times, are disproportionately cited as reasons for negative ratings on physician review websites. It is essential for hand surgeons to understand the motivations behind the reviews that they receive.
Notions of Quality and Excellence Within a Centre for Excellence Initiative in Higher Education
Authors: Slette Aslaug Louise , Johansen Geir
Published: February 2025

While initiatives that aim to achieve excellence within research in higher education are quite common, initiatives focusing on excellence within education is a more recent phenomenon. This article reports on a document study of calls for proposals, applications and reports from the Norwegian ’Centres for Excellence in Education’ Initiative. Based on the central literature in the field, the study investigates the notions of ‘quality’ and ‘excellence’ that can be identified. The findings revealed four groups of notions of educational quality and excellence: ‘subject-specific’, ‘education-centred’, ‘sector-targeted’ and ‘sector-wide’ notions. The analysis also revealed a skewed distribution between statements pointing inwards to the institutions or subject areas versus outwards to the higher education sector and society, in favour of the inbound notions. The increased impact and participation of students within the centres stood out as an example of ‘whose quality’ has influenced the identified notions. The article concludes by questioning the prominence of excellence within the initiative, asking whether excellence is more of an attitude than something the centres have managed to express or something to reach for rather than something to achieve.
Discourse markers in Shajara-i Tarākima
Authors: Kahya Hayrullah
Published: February 2025

Shajara-i Tarākima, transcribed in Classical Chagatai Turkic by Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan during the 17th century, is one of the most significant works in Turkology studies. Since the 19th century, it has garnered substantial interest among Turkology researchers from various nations, becoming the subject of numerous scholarly investigations. However, these studies have primarily focused on critiquing and revising the previous researchers’ works, overlooking the characteristics of spoken language present in the text. Nevertheless, considering that the fundamental basis of the work lies in oral narratives, it is evident that the text incorporates abundant features of colloquial language. Therefore, a pragmatic evaluation of the Shajara-i Tarākima is crucial to better comprehending and interpreting the work. This study analyzes the discourse markers in the Shajara-i Tarākima to achieve this purpose. The research builds upon the new model proposed by Crible and Degand (2019), which identifies discourse markers based on their combination of domain and function. The study asserts that in intralingual or interlingual translations of historical texts containing features of colloquial language, discourse markers play a vital role in ensuring the accurate transfer of meaning.
Evaluating the potential of agile branding: opportunities and challenges in the start-up context
Authors: Pöhlmann Michaela , de las Heras-Pedrosa Carlos , Seitz Jürgen , Jambrino-Maldonado Carmen
Published: February 2025

The necessity for companies to adopt an agile brand management approach to maintain relevance and competitiveness in our dynamic and fast-moving world is a key finding of recent studies. Nevertheless, no study has yet investigated the potential and applicability of the concept of agile branding. Concurrently, start-ups are confronted with the challenge of high failure rates due to shortcomings in brand management. The necessity for start-ups to adopt innovative and dynamic brand strategies arises from the constant internal and external changes that characterise the start-up environment. Previous studies on brand management, by contrast, have mainly focussed on established companies. Given the affinity and need for agility observed in start-ups, agile branding appears to be particularly relevant for start-ups. This study aims to address two research gaps: firstly, to explore the potential of the concept of agile branding and, secondly, to expand academic research of branding practices tailored to start-ups to assist them in overcoming the specific brand management challenges they face. The study draws on an extensive and structured literature review, followed by qualitative semi-structured interviews with eleven experts and 18 start-ups, to discuss the opportunities and challenges of agile branding in the context of start-ups. The results were analysed from the perspective of the five dimensions of agile branding and the dynamic capabilities framework. Agile branding offers start-ups the opportunity to adapt swiftly to market changes, allocate resources efficiently, and reduce risk through data-driven decision-making. Overcoming challenges requires a shift in organisational culture and employee mindset, optimisation of stakeholder feedback processes, and navigation of the complexities of implementation. In conclusion, the advantages of agile branding for start-ups are found to outweigh the disadvantages. The study extends the scarce research on agile branding and provides brand managers and start-up founders with an efficient approach to organising their brand management process with limited resources.
Gaining predictive power for porous media pumps
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2025

A theoretical model will allow researchers and engineers to tailor porous media pumps for different fluidic applications.
A spatial- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy beamline based on capillary optics at ASTRID2
Authors: Jones Alfred J. H. , Majchrzak Paulina , Volckaert Klara , Biswas Deepnarayan , Vad Andersen John , Hoffmann Søren V. , Jones Nykola C. , Jiang Zhihao , Chen Yong P. , Jensen Mads Lykke , Stenshøj Rasmus Ørnekoll , Bianchi Marco , Hofmann Philip , Ulstrup Søren , Miwa Jill A.
Published: February 2025

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with spatial resolution is emerging as a powerful investigative tool for the study of operational mesoscale devices and quantum materials. Here, we introduce AU-SGM4, an extreme ultraviolet beamline based at the ASTRID2 synchrotron, which is designed around an achromatic elliptical capillary optic that focuses the synchrotron light down to a lateral beam spot size of 4 μm. The beamline offers a low photon energy range of 12–150 eV, ideal for probing detailed energy- and momentum-resolved electronic structures of materials. We utilize a custom-made piezoelectric motor system with 11 degrees of freedom for precisely moving the sample and capillary optic. We demonstrate exceptional stability in beam positioning on samples across the entire available photon energy range. To showcase the capabilities of the AU-SGM4 beamline, we present simultaneous ARPES measurements and in situ gating of a graphene device and probe the nominally inaccessible microscopic-sized domains of MnBi6Te10 to obtain the energy- and momentum-dependent dispersion for each domain.
Optimization of HgCdTe nBn photodetectors utilizing a superlattice barrier
Authors: Sellers Ryan , Man Peihong , El Khalidi Zahira , Ahmad Zaheer , Zangeneh Danial , Grein Christoph , Krishnamurthy Srini , Hahn Suk-Ryong , Mlynarski Thomas , Sivananthan Sivalingam
Published: February 2025

HgCdTe is an excellent material for mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors, but it can be costly when grown on nearly lattice-matched CdZnTe substrates. Growth on lower cost, lattice-mismatched CdTe/Si introduces defects in the material, reducing performance in conventional detector structures. This work examines a possible solution to this, namely, devices grown on CdTe/Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using the nBn device architecture, outlining the design concerns and the impacts of replacing the barrier with a type III superlattice. nBn devices were fabricated with an alloy barrier and others with a superlattice barrier, with both designs showing higher than expected dark currents. The cause of the high dark currents was determined to be an insufficient barrier in the conduction band. The superlattice design was further investigated using k⋅p modeling and device simulations, showing little benefit to the valence-band offset from modifying the band alignment, but significant improvement to the dark current from the increased electron effective mass in the barrier.
Fast-response IWO/Si heterojunction photodetectors
Authors: Dai Xiaochuang , Yang Jianwen , Wang Huishan , Luo Yunxi , Zeng Jinying , Shi Wangzhou , Liu Feng
Published: February 2025

IWO/Si-based heterojunction photodetectors are designed with optimized structure, and they exhibit enhanced photoelectric detection capabilities. Under the action of the self-built electric field, the current easily flows from IWO to Si, but the resistance is high when flowing in the reverse direction due to the presence of the electron barrier. Under the 450 nm illumination condition, the effect of light on the forward flow from IWO to Si is minimal, but the illumination is sufficient to generate a large number of photogenerated carriers, which separate under the action of the built-in electric field and form a distinct photocurrent under the applied bias voltage. The optimized device exhibited ultra-fast response times (rise time of 8.2 ms and fall time of 7.9 ms), along with a high normalized detectivity (D* = 4.73 × 1011 cm·Hz(½)/W) and a high photoswitch ratio (PS = 6.6×103). These results demonstrate that the IWO/Si photodetector can serve as a high-performance photodetection device and is one of the candidates that exhibit more easily reproducible and stable performance compared to photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials.
Intrinsic electric field regulated photoexcited charge carrier transfer at the interface of GeC/MoSSe heterostructure
Authors: Li Hangyu , Wang Yanqi , Ma Shu-hong , Jiao Zhaoyong
Published: February 2025

Combining first-principles calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, this study explores the electronic structures, optical properties and photoexcited charge carrier dynamics in GeC/MoSSe with two stacking configurations. Electrostatic potential analysis demonstrates stacking-dependent interfacial electric fields in the heterostructures. Notably, the type-II GeC/SMoSe heterolayer exhibits an electric field that promotes ultrafast charge separation with electron and hole transfer time of 68 fs and 40 fs, respectively, via multiple intermediate electronic states serving as efficient transfer channels. Moreover, electron-hole recombination time in GeC/SMoSe is prolonged to 94.2 ns, nearly seven times as long as that of GeC/SeMoS, which originates from reduced nonadiabatic coupling and enhanced decoherence. These findings reveal the critical role of Janus asymmetry-induced interfacial electric fields in tailoring charge carrier dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures for promising applications in optoelectronics.
Quantitative evaluation of nuclear quantum effects on the phase transitions in BaTiO3 using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on machine learning potentials
Authors: Kanayama Kansei , Toyoura Kazuaki
Published: February 2025

The machine learning potential (MLP) based molecular dynamics (MD) method was applied for constructing the pressure-temperature phase diagram in the barium titanate (BaTiO3) crystals. The nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) on the phase transitions were quantitatively evaluated from the difference in the phase transition pressures between the NQEs-incorporated and classical simulations. In this study, the quantum thermal bath (QTB) method was used for incorporating the NQEs. The constructed phase diagrams verified that the NQEs lower the phase transition temperatures and pressures. The NQEs are more significant at lower temperatures but cannot be ignored even at room temperature. The phase diagram in the QTB-based MLPMD is in good agreement with those of the previous studies based on dielectric measurements and path-integral based simulations. In addition, this study clarified that the large cell size (a 16×16×16 or larger cell) and friction coefficient (≥ 15 THz) are required for accurately reproducing the phase transitions during the QTB-MD simulations.
Comparing Dynamics, Pinning and Ratchet Effects for Skyrmionium, Skyrmions, and Antiskyrmions
Authors: Bellizotti Souza J.C. , Vizarim Nicolas , Olson Reichhardt Cynthia J , Reichhardt Charles , Venegas Pablo
Published: February 2025

We compare the driven dynamics of skyrmions, antiskyrmions, and skyrmionium interacting with random disorder, circular defects, and asymmetric potentials. When interacting with a line defect at a constant drive, skyrmions and antiskyrmions show an acceleration effect for motion along the wall and a drop in velocity when they can cross the barrier. In contrast, skyrmionium travels at a reduced velocity when moving along a wall, and exhibits an increase in velocity once it can cross the barrier. For point defects, skyrmionium can be pinned for a finite fixed period of time, while for skyrmions and antiskyrmions, the Magnus force creates a deflection from the defect and an acceleration effect. For a given drive, skyrmionium moves twice as fast as skyrmions; however, skyrmionium is more susceptible to pinning effects than skyrmions and antiskyrmions. Additionally, there is a critical threshold where the skyrmionium transforms to a skyrmion that is associated with a drop in the velocity of the texture. We show that all three textures exhibit diode and ratchet effects when interacting with an asymmetric substrate, but skyrmions and antiskyrmions show a stronger ratcheting effect than skyrmionium due to the Magnus force.
Kolmogorov-Arnold neural networks for high-entropy alloys design
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Yagnik , Avlani Harshil , Zhuang Houlong
Published: February 2025

A wide range of deep learning-based machine learning techniques have been extensively applied to the design of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), yielding numerous valuable insights. Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) are a recently developed architecture that aims to improve both the accuracy and interpretability of input features. In this work, we explored three different datasets for HEA design and demonstrated the application of KANs for both classification and regression models. In the first example, we use a KAN classifier model to predict the probability of single-phase formation in high-entropy carbide ceramics based on various properties such as mixing enthalpy and valence electron concentration. In the second example, we employ a KAN regressor model to predict the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of HEAs based on their chemical composition and process conditions including annealing time, cold rolling percentage, and homogenization temperature. The third example involves a KAN classifier model to determine whether a certain composition is an HEA or non-HEA, followed by a KAN regressor model to predict the bulk modulus of the identified HEA, aiming to identify HEAs with high bulk moduli. In all three examples, KANs either outperforms or matches the performance in terms of accuracy such as F1 score for classification, and Mean Square Error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) for regression of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) by demonstrating the efficacy of KANs in handling both classification and regression tasks.
Impact of low ell's on large scale structure anomalies
Authors: Ben-Dayan Ido , Kumar Utkarsh , Shimon Meir , Verma Amresh
Published: February 2025

We scrutinize the reported lensing anomaly of the CMB by considering several phenomenological modifications of the lensing consistency parameter, A
L. Considering Planck spectra alone, we find statistically significant evidence for scale dependence (`running') of A
L. We then demonstrate that the anomaly is entirely driven by Planck's low multipoles, ℓ ≤ 30. When these data points are excluded, a joint analysis with several other datasets clearly favors ΛCDM over the extended ΛCDM + A
L model.
Not only that the lensing anomaly and low ℓ anomaly of the CMB go away in this case, but also the S
8 tension is ameliorated, and only the Hubble tension persists.
Search for a gravitational-wave background from sound speed resonance from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs
Authors: Wu You , Chen Zu-Cheng , Liu Lang
Published: February 2025

We search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) originating from
scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) with the sound speed resonance (SSR) effect using data
from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs. The SSR mechanism,
characterized by an oscillating sound speed squared term, can induce a nonperturbative parametric
amplification of specific perturbation modes during inflation, leading to enhanced primordial
curvature perturbations and a significant SIGW signal. We perform a Bayesian analysis to constrain
the model parameters describing the SGWB spectrum from the SSR effect. Our results show no
statistically significant evidence for the presence of such a signal in the current
data. Consequently, we place an upper limit of |τ
0| ≲ 5.9 × 103 s at
95% confidence level on the start time of the oscillation in the SSR model. These results
demonstrate the capability of current gravitational wave detectors to probe inflation models
through the SSR mechanism and paves the way for future searches with improved sensitivity.
QCD-sourced tachyonic phase transition in a supercooled Universe
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Sagunski Laura
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel gravitational wave production mechanism in the context of
quasi-conformal Standard Model extensions, which provide a way to dynamically generate the
electroweak scale. In these models, the cosmic thermal history is modified by a substantial
period of thermal inflation, potentially supercooling the Universe below the QCD scale. The exit
from supercooling is typically realized through a strong, first-order phase transition. By
employing the classically conformal U(1)B-L model as a representative example, we show
that a large parameter space exists where bubble percolation is inefficient. In this case, the
top quark condensate triggers a tachyonic phase transition driven by classical rolling of the new
scalar field towards the true vacuum. As the field crosses a region where its effective mass is
negative, long-wavelength scalar field fluctuations are exponentially amplified, preheating the
supercooled Universe. We study the dynamics of this scenario and estimate the peak of the
associated gravitational wave signal, which is detectable by future observatories in almost the
entire available parameter space.
Growing Evidence for a Higgs Triplet
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Coloretti Guglielmo , Banik Sumit , Mellado Bruce , Ashanujjaman Saiyad , Maharathy Siddharth
Published: February 2025

With the discovery of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in 2012, the Standard Model (SM) is complete, and despite intensive searches, no new fundamental particle has been observed since then. In fact, a discovery can be challenging without a predictive new physics model because different channels and observables cannot be combined directly and unambiguously. Furthermore, without supporting indirect hints, the signal space to be searched is huge, resulting in diluted significances. Several LHC processes with multiple leptons in the final state point towards the existence of a new Higgs boson with a mass between 140GeV to 160GeV decaying mostly to W bosons. While the former strongly reduces the look-elsewhere effect, the latter indicates that it could be a Higgs triplet with zero hypercharge. Within this simple and predictive extension of the Standard Model, we simulate and combine different channels of di-photon production in association with leptons, missing energy, jets, etc... Using the full run-2 results by ATLAS, including those presented recently at the Moriond conference, an increased significance of 4 standard deviations is obtained for a 152GeV Higgs. Due to the previously predicted mass range, the look-elsewhere effect is negligible, and this constitutes the highest statistical evidence for a new narrow resonance obtained at the LHC. Furthermore, the model predicts a heavier-than-expected W boson, as indicated by the global electroweak fit. If further substantiated, the discovery of a new Higgs would overthrow the SM, provide a compelling case for the construction of future particle colliders, and open the way to a novel understanding of the known shortcomings of the SM. In particular, the triplet Higgs field can lead to a strong first-order phase transition and could thus be related to the matter anti-matter asymmetry in our Universe. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Inhibited cavitation in lanthanum-doped tungsten under multiple melt exposures in GLADIS and ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Yuan Yue , Qin Ying , Krieger Karl , Greuner H , Böswirth Bernd , Wang Hanqing , Ren Meng-Chong , Cheng Long , Lu Guang-Hong
Published: February 2025

Melt ejection and melt motion of tungsten (W) as a plasma-facing material due to accidental thermal overload events are primary concerns for ITER and DEMO. Previous experiments have revealed that W-1wt.% La₂O₃ is an effective material for suppressing cavitation under a single pulsed heat load [1]. To further investigate this effect, both W and W-1wt.% La₂O₃ (WL10) were subjected to multiple melt exposures in the high heat flux facility GLADIS and the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). In GLADIS, H/He high-power neutral particle beams were used, with a total energy density of 41-50 MJ/m² per pulse, adjusted by the pulse duration. In AUG, eight ELMing H-mode deuterium (D) plasma discharges (#37680-87) were employed with samples exposed by the divertor manipulator DIM-II. The results revealed that the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the resolidified melt layers are similar in both GLADIS and AUG. The pure W samples exhibited pronounced cavitation, with numerous spherical voids in the resolidified layer. In contrast, the WL10 samples developed an undulating surface morphology with a dense resolidified layer at the top, free of spherical voids and lanthanum particles, indicating sustained cavitation suppression even after La₂O₃ had vaporized from the top surface during previous melting. This suppression effect is likely primarily due to the formation of the undulating surface, which exposes the still La₂O₃-rich deeper material regions. The La₂O₃ particles participated in subsequent melting cycles, continuously preventing cavitation. Additionally, we compared D retention in W and WL10 samples subjected to the eight D plasma discharges in AUG. D retention was significantly reduced from 2.5×10²¹ to 4.4×10¹⁹ D/m² for W and slightly decreased from 1.5×10²¹ to 1.2×10²¹ D/m² for WL10 when comparing unmolten and molten samples. Overall, multiple melting experiments in both GLADIS and AUG confirm that W-La₂O₃ is a good cavitation-resistant material, effectively suppressing cavitation in W melt.
Low frequency m = 1 modes during standard and improved confinement scenariosin W7-X
Authors: Cipciar Dario , Killer Carsten , Brandt Christian , Koenies Axel , Rahbarnia Kian , Chaudhary Neha , Adamek Jiri , Grulke Olaf , Thomsen H , Stange Torsten , Aleynikova Ksenia , Hirsch Matthias
Published: February 2025

In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X), two related global low-frequency electromagnetic oscil-lations are observed on many diagnostic systems (e.g. plasma stored energy, Mirnov coils, Langmuirprobes, etc.). The activity is related to the presence of magnetic islands at certain radii. However, incontrast to initial analyses in earlier works, the mode activity is not localized to the magnetic islands,but rather of an m = 1 type in the plasma outer-core. We observe a strong cross-correlation betweenelectron temperature fluctuations in the confined plasma region, measured with electron cyclotronemission radiometer, and scrape-off layer fluctuations measured with electric probes. Two limitingcases of the mode activity can be observed based on magnetic configuration. A quasi-continuous modecase, with frequencies of typically some 100 Hz, is found in configurations that have a 5/5 magneticisland chain at the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS). The mode frequency is foundto increase linearly with the core electron temperature and decrease with increasing electron density.In contrast, for magnetic configurations with the 5/5 magnetic island chain just inside the LCFS, themode activity becomes bursty and intermittent, exhibiting a crash-event like signature. Although theseintermittent events are less frequent, more plasma stored energy is lost per event compared to a periodof the quasi-continuous oscillations. The intermittent oscillations are observable as a broadband mod-ulation in turbulence spectra on most diagnostic systems. The presence of these intermittent burstsgoes along with an improved energy confinement in the plasma, superficially resembling H-mode andELMs in tokamaks. A self-limiting process is proposed as an explanation of the intermittent oscillationsbased on observed ejection of particles during each crash event, which leads to steepening of densityprofiles and temporary suppression of ITG turbulence and in turn suppression ofm = 1 mode.
Bayesian inference of radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade discharges using charge-exchange spectroscopy
Authors: Gleiter Tabea , Dux Ralph , Sciortino Francesco , Odstrcil Tomas , Fajardo Daniel , Angioni Clemente , Buchner Johannes , McDermott Rachael M , Hayward-Schneider Thomas , Harrer Georg Friedrich , Faitsch Michael , Griener Michael , Fischer Rainer , Wolfrum Elisabeth , Stroth Ulrich
Published: February 2025

We present a novel framework for quantifying radial impurity transport in the pedestal of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges. Our method is based on charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) measurements of line radiation from multiple impurity charge states, each along a radially distributed line-of-sight array in steady-state plasmas. Inverse inference based on the diffusive-convective transport solver Aurora combined with a synthetic diagnostic enables us to separate diffusive and convective transport contributions and to derive the impurity density and charge state distribution profiles. Robust uncertainty quantification is provided as the full probability distribution of the parameters is obtained according to Bayesian statistics with the use of a nested sampling algorithm. The approach allows for a high radial resolution and data quality due to the steady-state plasma, but requires data from multiple impurity charge states. It is, therefore, particularly suitable for impurity transport studies in the region of steep edge gradients.In this paper, we present thorough tests of the method based on synthetic data. Furthermore, we show an application to AUG measurement data, inferring the pedestal neon transport in the quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime without large edge-localized modes (ELMs). The comparison of the transport result with neoclassical simulations shows a clear contribution of turbulent diffusion in the QCE pedestal. This supports the hypothesis of additional transport associated with the predicted high-n ballooning-unstable region and the observed quasi-coherent mode (QCM).