bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of chalazion and its treatments on the meibomian glands: a nonrandomized, prospective observation clinical study
Authors: Li Junping , Li Dongping , Zhou Na , Qi Mengying , Luo Yanzhu , Wang Yuhong
Published: April 2020

Background To observe the effects of chalazion and its treatments on meibomian gland function and morphology in the chalazion area. Methods This nonrandomized, prospective observational clinical study included 58 patients (67 eyelids) who were cured of chalazion, including 23 patients (23 eyelids) treated with a conservative method and 35 patients (44 eyelids) treated with surgery. Infrared meibomian gland photography combined with image analysis by ImageJ software was used to measure the chalazion area proportion. Slit-lamp microscopy was employed to evaluate meibomian gland function, and a confocal microscope was used to observe meibomian gland acinar morphology before treatment and 1 month after complete chalazion resolution. Results At 1 month after chalazion resolution, the original chalazion area showed meibomian gland loss according to infrared meibomian gland photography in both groups. In patients who received conservative treatment, the meibomian gland function parameters before treatment were 0.74±0.75, 0.48±0.67, and 1.22±0.60, respectively. One month after chalazion resolution, the parameters were 0.35±0.49, 0.17±0.49, and 0.91±0.60, respectively; there was significant difference (P<0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before treatment was 14.90 (11.03, 25.3), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.64 (10.33, 25.77); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In patients who underwent surgery, the meibomian gland function parameters before surgery were 0.93±0.87, 1.07±0.70, and 1.59±0.76, respectively, and at 1 month after chalazion resolution, they were 0.93±0.82, 0.95±0.75, and 1.52±0.70, respectively; there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before surgery was 14.90 (12.04, 21.6), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.84 (11.31, 21.81); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The acinar structure could not be observed clearly in the meibomian gland loss area in most patients. Conclusions Chalazion causes meibomian gland loss, and the range of meibomian gland loss is not related to the treatment method but to the range of chalazion itself. A hot compress as part of conservative treatment can improve meibomian gland function at the site of chalazion in the short term.
Lactic acid level as an outcome predictor in pediatric patients with intussusception in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yong , Byun Young-Hoon , Park Jun-Sung , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min , Choi Seung Jun
Published: April 2020

Background: Intussusception decreases blood flow to the bowel, and tissue hypoperfusion results in increased lactic acid levels. We aimed to determine whether lactic acid levels are associated with pediatric intussusception outcomes.

Methods: The electronic medical records of our emergency department pediatric patients diagnosed with intussusception, between January 2015 and October 2018, were reviewed. An outcome was considered poor when intussusception recurred within 48 hours of reduction or when surgical reduction was required due to air enema failure.

Results: A total of 249 patients were included in the study, including 39 who experienced intussusception recurrence and 11 who required surgical reductions; hence, 50 patients were included in the poor outcome group. The poor and good outcome groups showed significant differences in their respective blood gas analyses for pH (7.39 vs. 7.41, P = .001), lactic acid (1.70 vs. 1.30 mmol/L, P < .001), and bicarbonate (20.70 vs. 21.80 mmol/L, P = .036). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that pH and lactic acid levels were the two factors significantly associated with poor outcomes. When the lactic acid level cutoff values were ≥1.5, ≥2.0, ≥2.5, and ≥3.0 mmol/L, the positive predictive values for poor outcomes were 30.0%, 34.6%, 50.0%, and 88.9%, respectively.

Conclusion: Lactic acid levels affect outcomes in pediatric patients with intussusception; higher lactic acid levels are associated with higher positive predictive values for poor outcomes.
Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhondoekhan Fiona R.P. , Searle Kelly M. , Hamapumba Harry , Lubinda Mukuma , Matoba Japhet , Musonda Michael , Katowa Ben , Shields Timothy M. , Kobayashi Tamaki , Norris Douglas , Curriero Frank C , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J.
Published: April 2020

Background : Reactive case detection (RCD) seeks to enhance malaria surveillance and control by identifying and treating parasitemic individuals residing near index cases. In Zambia, this strategy starts with passive detection of symptomatic incident malaria cases at local health facilities or by community health workers, with subsequent home visits to screen-and-treat residents in the index case and neighboring (secondary) households within a 140-meter radius using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, a small circular radius may not be the most efficient strategy to identify parasitemic individuals in low-endemic areas with hotspots of malaria transmission. To evaluate if RCD efficiency could be improved by increasing the probability of identifying parasitemic residents, we incorporated environmental risk factors and a larger screening radius (250 meters) in a region of low malaria endemicity. Methods: Between January 12, 2015 and July 26, 2017, 4,170 individuals residing in 158 index and 531 secondary households were enrolled and completed a baseline questionnaire in the catchment area of Macha Hospital in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia. Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was measured using Pf HRP2 RDTs and qPCR. A Quickbird™ high-resolution satellite image of the catchment area was used to create environmental risk factors in ArcGIS, and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and secondary households with parasitemic individuals. Results: The parasite prevalence in secondary (non-index case) households was 0.7% by RDT and 1.8% by qPCR. Overall, 8.5% (n = 45) of secondary households had at least one resident with parasitemia by qPCR or RDT. The risk of a secondary household having a parasitemic resident was significantly increased in proximity to higher order streams and marginally with increasing distance from index households. The adjusted OR for proximity to third- and fifth-order streams were 2.97 (95% CI: 1.04 – 8.42) and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.04 – 5.09), respectively, and that for distance to index households for each 50 meters was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.98– 1.58). Conclusion: Applying proximity to streams as a screening tool, 16% (n = 3) more malaria-positive secondary households were identified compared to using a 140-meter circular screening radius. This analysis highlights the potential use of environmental risk factors as a screening strategy to increase RCD efficiency.
Postural control learning dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: early ‎improvement with plateau in stability, and continuous progression in ‎flexibility and mobility
Authors: Rahmati Zahra , Behzadipour Saeed , Schouten Alfred C. , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Firoozbakhsh Keikhosrow
Published: April 2020

Background: Balance training improves postural control in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a systematic approach for the development of individualized, optimal training programs is still lacking, as the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, over a training program are poorly understood.
Objectives: We investigated the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, during a balance-training program, in terms of the clinical, posturographic, and novel model-based measures.
Methods: Twenty patients with PD participated in a balance-training program, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. Clinical tests assessed functional balance and mobility pre-training, mid-training, and post-training. Center-of-pressure (COP) was recorded at four time-points during the training (pre-, week 2, week 4, and post-training). COP was used to calculate the sway measures and to identify the parameters of a patient-specific postural control model, at each time-point. The posturographic and model-based measures constituted the two sets of stability- and flexibility-related measures.
Results: Mobility- and flexibility-related measures showed a continuous improvement during the balance-training program. In particular, mobility improved at mid-training and continued to improve to the end of the training, whereas flexibility-related measures reached significance only at the end. The progression in the balance- and stability-related measures was characterized by early improvements over the first three to four weeks of training, and reached a plateau for the rest of the training.
Conclusions: The progression in balance and postural stability is achieved earlier and susceptible to plateau out, while mobility and flexibility continues to improve during the balance training.
Evaluation Of The Morphometric Covariation Between Palatal And Craniofacial Skeletal Morphology In Class Iii Malocclusion Growing Subjects
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Gastaldi Giorgio , Franchi Lorenzo , De Razza Francesca Chiara , Cozza Paola
Published: April 2020

Background: To study the covariation between palatal and craniofacial skeletal morphology in Class III growing patients through geometric morphometric analysis (GMM). Methods: In this retrospective study, 54 Class III subjects (24F,30M;7.6±0.8yy) were enrolled following these inclusion criteria: European ancestry, Class III skeletal and dental relationship, early mixed dentition, prepubertal skeletal maturation, familiarity for Class III malocclusion, no pseudo Class III malocclusion. Each patient provided upper digital cast and cephalogram before starting the therapy. Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized (239 on the casts;121 on the lateral radiographs) and GMM was used. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to show the principal components of palatal and craniofacial skeletal shape variation. Two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS) was used to assess pattern of covariation between palatal and craniofacial morphology. Results: Regarding palatal shape variation, PC with largest variance (PC1) described morphological changes in the three space dimensions, while, concerning the craniofacial complex components, PC1 revealed morphological differences along the vertical plane. A significant covariation was found between palatal and craniofacial shape. PLS1 accounted for more than 61,7% of the whole covariation, correlating the craniofacial divergence to palatal height and width. Conclusions: In Class III subjects increments of angle divergence are related to a narrow and high palate.
Jiao-tai-wan for insomnia symptoms caused by the disharmony of the heart and kidney: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Congcong , Liu Xi , Hu Lufeng , Feng Yuan , Xia Nengzhi , Zeng Haihuan , Luo Lin , Ye Ren , Yuan Zhengzhong
Published: April 2020

Background: Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliorating insomnia symptoms caused by disharmony of the heart and kidney. Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. One hundred twenty- four participants suffering from insomnia symptoms will randomly assigned to the JTW or placebo group in an equal ratio. The participants will be asked to take JTW or placebo granules twice a day for 1 week. All data will be gathered at baseline and at the end of drug intervention. The primary outcome measures will be the mean change in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) from baseline to the end of drug intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the the altered sleep parameters in polysomnography, 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) evalution, the Disharmony of Heart and Kidney Scoring System score and blood tests, including the levels of serum adenosine and melatonin . A laboratory test will be taken before and after treatment to assess the safety of JTW. Discussion: The outcomes of this study will confirm the efficacy of JTW for the treatment of insomnia symptoms, and will also be used to monitor the safety of JTW. Trial registration : Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1 800019239.Registered on 1 st November 2018- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Prevalence of Bullying and Victimization Among Primary School Students of Higher Grades in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haddad Bander , Al-Madi Mohammed , Alsudais Moath , AlMedimegh Faisal , Alharthi Saqer , Al-Oraini Faisal
Published: April 2020

Background

The current study aims to know the prevalence, effects and types of bullying at primary schools of Riyadh city for both male and female.

Methods

Male and female students at primary schools in Riyadh city are targeted using Cross-sectional study method. 517 students are included in this study 55.3% are female and 44.7% are male. Riyadh primary schools were divided into five groups according to geographic region North, South, East, West and Middle. The surveys were conducted after the approval of school's principals. In order to get an accurate response, the survey was distributed to student in classrooms in papers.

Results

517 students participated in the study. Out of four regions the proportion from the Southern region were the highest at 187 (36.2%). The levels of bullying and victimization was low. Compared to female students, male students showed statistically significant higher bullying and victimization rates. Compared to the five regions in Riyadh city the bullying and victimization rate is highest in the Eastern region, and lower in the southern region.

Conclusion

The study shows that the levels of bullying and victimization at Riyadh's primary schools was low. Furthermore, research studies about bullying and victimization prevalence rates are not enough and need more researches to improve the intervention and prevent the side effect of it.
Association between fatigue and sarcopenia in middle-aged Korean cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shin Sujeong , Cho In Young , Shin Jinyoung , Lee Ji Eun , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Jungkwon , Hwang JiHye , Cho BeLong , Song Yun-Mi
Published: April 2020

Background Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom of cancer survivors, negatively affecting health-related quality of life. We evaluated the relation between fatigue and low relative skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged cancer survivors. Methods Study participants were 693 Korean cancer survivors aged 40-64 years, who was recruited between September 2014-February 2017 from a cancer survivorship clinic of a university-affiliated hospital. We measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass of study participants with bioelectrical impedance analysis and collected selected variables through a self-administered questionnaire and medical record review. Fatigue was evaluated by a 9-item fatigue severity scale (FSS) which was validated in previous studies. Sarcopenia was defined by appendicular skeletal muscle index cut-off values stratified by sex (< 7.0kg/m2 for males, <5.7kg/m2 for females). Severe fatigue was defined as high FSS score (≥36). The association between sarcopenia and fatigue was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 18.6% of study participants were sarcopenic, 15.0% for males and 20.3% for females. Total scores of FSS (29.3 vs, 23.5, P = 0.034) and prevalence of severe fatigue (FSS≥36) (39.4% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.012) were higher in the sarcopenia group compared with the non-sarcopenia group, distinctively in male cancer survivors. Even after adjusting for selected covariates including cancer related factors and lifestyle factors, sarcopenia was significantly associated with severe fatigue in male survivors (Odd ratio [OR]: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.47, 19.54) and pre-menopausal females (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.13). However, the significant association was not found for post-menopausal females (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 0.77, 6.79). resConclusion Sarcopenia was positively associated with severe fatigue of middle-aged cancer survivors, independent of cancer related factors and lifestyle factors.
Incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and it’s predictors among adult elective surgical patients at Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Edosa Dinkisisa Chemeda , Desalegn Zemenu Muluken , Fanta Nega Desalegn , Tamiru Sintayehu Mulugeta , Mokenin Gezahegn Tesfaye
Published: April 2020

Background Post-operative nausea and vomiting is the most frequent side effect of anesthesia. It affects 20 - 30% of all post-operative and 70%-80% high risk patients. Consequently, it is one of the most frequently observed adverse events associated with the provision of anesthesia. Thus this study is aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Regular supervision and follow up were made. Data was entered in to Epi info version 7 software and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval was computed. The findings of the study were reported using tables, figures and narration. Variables that were found to be candidate (p value < 0.25) on binary logistic regression entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Results The results of this study indicated that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 27.4% . Output of multiple logistic regression revealed that female sex (AOR = 4.065 (2.090 - 7.906), history of motion sickness (AOR = 2.836 (1.582 - 5.083), Gynecologic type of surgery (AOR = 3.782 (1.156 - 12.373), long duration of anaesthesia (> 60 min) (AOR = 2.974 (1.491 - 5.933) and administration of post-operative opioids (AOR = 2.333 (1.221 - 4.457) were considered as independent predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting at P value < 0.05. Conclusion The present finding has shown that the overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is high 27.4% therefore provision of anti-emetic prophylaxis is reccomended.
Graphene oxide nanofilm and the addition of L-glutamine can promote development of embryonic muscle cells
Authors: Zielińska-Górska Marlena , Hotowy Anna , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Bałaban Jaśmina , Sosnowska Malwina , Jaworski Sławomir , Strojny Barbara , Chwalibog Andrè , Sawosz Ewa
Published: April 2020

Background: Formation of muscular pseudo-tissue depends on muscle precursor cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking structure and factors stimulating cell differentiation. These three things cooperate and can create a tissue-like structure, however, their interrelationships are relatively unknown. The objective was to study the interaction between surface properties, culture medium composition and heterogeneous cell culture. We would like to demonstrate that changing the surface properties by coating with graphene oxide nanofilm (nGO) can affect cell behaviour and especially their need for the key amino acid L-glutamine (L-Glu). Results: Chicken embryo muscle cells and their precursors, cultured in vitro, were used as the experimental model. The mesenchymal stem cell, collected from the hind limb of the chicken embryo at day 8 were divided into 4 groups; the control group and groups treated with nGO, L-Glu and nGO supplied with L-Glu (nGOxL-Glu). The roughness of the surface of the plastic plate covered with nGO was much lower than a standard plate. The test of nGO biocompatibility demonstrated that the cells were willing to settle on the nGO without any toxic effects. Moreover, nGO by increasing hydrophilicity and reducing roughness stimulated the colonisation of primary stromal cells that promote embryonic satellite cells. The viability significantly increased in cells cultured on nGOxL-Glu. Observations of cell morphology showed that the most mature state of myogenesis was characteristic for the group nGOxL-Glu. This result was confirmed by increasing the expression of MYF5 genes at mRNA and protein levels. nGO also increased the expression of MYF5 and also very strongly the expression of PAX7 at mRNA and protein levels. However, when analysing the expression of PAX7 , a positive link was observed between the nGO surface and the addition of L-Glu. Conclusions: The use of nGO and L-Glu supplement may improve myogenesis and also the myogenic potential of myocytes and their precursors by promoting the formation of satellite cells. Studies have, for the first time, demonstrated positive cooperation between surface properties nGO and L-Glu supplementation to the culture medium regarding the myogenic potential of cells involved in muscle formation.
Risk of Parkinson disease Following Gout: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Li-Yu , Hu Chang-Kuo , Yang Albert C. , Lee Shyh-Chyang , You Zi-Hong , Tsai Shih-Jen , Shen Cheng-Che
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose The progressive neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson disease (PD) is well-established as the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Associations between the sequential risk of PD and gout have been addressed in other studies, but findings have been inconclusive. Accordingly, we executed the present study with the purpose of assessing PD risk in patients with gout. Methods From Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified the data of patients newly diagnosed as having gout between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2000. A cohort of patients without gout, matched for sex and age, was constructed for comparison. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the incidence rate of subsequent PD were calculated for both cohorts and separately for male and female groups. The gout and comparison cohorts consisted of 7900 patients each. Results The HR for PD was not significantly higher in the gout cohort compared with the control cohort(HR 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.31, P = .268), even after adjustment for age, urbanization, monthly income, sex, and comorbidities. We did not observe gender differences in the gout–PD association (male: HR 1.01, 95% CI, 0.88–1.36, P = .400; female: HR 1.11, 95% CI, 0.84–1.46, P = .466). Conclusions Our study identified no association between gout and PD in Taiwan.
Mothers Intention to Use Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders for Routine Child Vaccination in Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Were Martin C. , Tilahun Binyam
Published: April 2020

Background: The immunization program in most developing countries including Ethiopia is challenged by lack of effective methods to track vaccination schedules. With the unprecedented penetration of mobile devices in developing world, mHealth applications are being leveraged for different disease domains. Among the different factors that affect the use of mHealth interventions is the intention of end users to use the system. In this research, we aimed to fill the evidence gap by investigating mother’s intention to use text-message reminders for vaccination in north-west, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 mothers presenting with their infants for vaccination at a health facility from October 1 to 26, 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Data were collected using validated instrument. Descriptive statistics were computed and binary logistic regression analyses was used to assess factors associated with the outcome variable. The regression results were reported as AORs with their 95% CIs. Results: Of 456 mothers included for analysis, 360 (78.9%) with 95% CI: (74.9% - 82.4%) of mothers have intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination. Of these, 270 (75%) also wanted to receive the reminders a day before the vaccination due date for the child. The preferred language for receiving reminders was Amharic language (58.1%). Mothers aged 35 years and above [AOR = 0.352; 95%CI: 0.149- 0.833], secondary education and above [AOR= 4.428; 95% CI: 2.046- 9.580], mobile phone use for more than two years [AOR= 3.627; 95%CI: 1.657-7.938], perceived usefulness [AOR: 6.372; 95%CI: 3.128-12.981] and perceived ease of use [AOR: 3.847; 95%CI: 2.061- 7.180] were predictors of intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination.Conclusion: Majority of mothers have intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for child vaccination. Mother’s age, education, duration of mobile phone use, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use were associated with intention of mothers to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination. Considering these predictors and user’s preference could inform the implementation strategy for use of the mHealth supported text messaging interventions in the resource limited setting of Ethiopia.
Prospective, randomised, controlled study comparing Videolaryngoscopy versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube Intubation in thoracic surgery
Authors: Risse Joachim , Schubert Ann-Kristin , Huelshoff Ansgar , Stay David , Zentgraf Michael , Kirschbaum Andreas , Wulf Hinnerk , Wiesmann Thomas , Feldmann Carsten , Meggiolaro Karl Matteo
Published: April 2020

Background:We investigated the impact of videolaryngoscopy for double-lumen tube (DLT) intubation in thoracic anaesthesia with videolaryngoscopy (GVL) using a thin GlideScope®-Titanium single use blade.Methods:A clinical, prospective, randomised, controlled trial was conducted with a total of 70 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery and need for a DLT intubation. Finally, 65 patients were analysed (DL group [n = 31] vs. GVL group [n = 34]). Endpoints were time to intubate, subjective symptoms and objective trauma of the oropharynx and supraglottic space. Results:Mean intubation time in GVL group was 178 seconds ± 279 versus 84 seconds ± 62 in DL group [p = 0.044]. Videolaryngoscopy resulted in significantly improved visualisation of the larynx compared with Direct Laryngoscopy (DL). Cormack and Lehane (CL) grade of 1 was more frequent in GVL group (97%) than in DL Group (74%) [p = 0.008]. In analysis of the postoperatively completed questionnaires, no significant differences regarding the subjective symptoms could be determined. Objectifiable endoscopic examinations revealed significant differences in GVL group compared to DL group showing less hypopharyngeal haematoma [p = 0.048], red-blooded vocal cord [p = 0.01], vocal cord haematoma [p = 0.027] and vocal cord haemorrhage [p = 0.03]. Conclusions:Videolaryngoscopy prolongs DLT intubation duration; on the other hand, it allows a better view of the glottis and reduces postoperative trauma. Due to the better view, there is objectively less intubation trauma. The different objective intubation traumata did not seem to affect subjective symptoms of the patients after a DLT intubation.
Beneficial effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents hyperlipidemia and oxidant status in pregnant rats with diabetes
Authors: Sun Bingmei , Yan Hua , Li Chao , Yin Linlin , Li Fei , Zhou Lianxiang , Han Xiuqing
Published: April 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus has a long-term effect on pregnant women. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) possesses multifarious pharmacological activities. This study investigated the beneficial effects of PUFA on the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to study the underlying mechanism in pregnant rats with diabetes.Methods: The GDM rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) on gestational day (GD) 6, GD7 and GD8. The differences between groups were estimated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test for post-hoc analysis.Results: The results indicated that PUFA could mitigate GDM in pregnant diabetic rats, as embodied by the decrease of fasting blood glucose and the increase of plasma insulin and hepatic glycogen levels. Also, PUFA could suppress oxidative stress in pregnant diabetic rats, as reflected by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. PUFA could also mitigate the abnormal changes of lipid profiles in plasma and hepatic tissue. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), was suppressed by PUFA in pregnant diabetic rats.Conclusions: These results suggested that PUFA supplementation during the pregnancy might be beneficial in preventing diabetic complications in the mother.
Aboveground forest carbon stock in protected area: A case study of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Darmawan Arief , Warta Zulfira , Molidena Elis , Valla Alexandra , Firdaus Muhammad Iqbal , Hisan Hisan , Winarno Gunardi Djoko , Winarno Bondan , Rusolono Teddy , Tsuyuki Satoshi
Published: April 2020

Background : In present days, the role of protected areas has been extended to a climate change mitigation action, particularly in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Reliable and practical methods for measuring, reporting and verifying carbon stocks are a necessary component of REDD+. This study aims at recognizing the characteristic and estimating forest carbon stock in a tropical protected area using a combination of terrestrial forest inventory and spatial data. Results: In the study area of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park in Central Sumatra, 168 cluster plots or 33.6 hectares in total were taken proportionally based on the percentage of forest cover types (dryland primary forest/DPF and dryland secondary forest/DSF) using a traditional forest inventory method (tree up from 5 cm dbh) in combination with the application of information technology. Result revealed that Bukit Tigapuluh National Park secured a significant forest carbon stock which has been estimated to be 269.2 + 22.2 tC/ha or 35,823,639 + 2,951,071 tC in total, being sequestered in approximately 133,051 hectares of tropical rain forest. This result was higher than other studies located in non-protected areas, but slightly lower than other studies within protected area. Conclusion: This finding supported the argument that protected areas possess higher figure of carbon stock compared to other forest management units. High amount of forest carbon biomass in the protected areas shall be very important assets for conducting the role of conservation for REDD+.
A six-gene-based signature for breast cancer radiotherapy sensitivity prediction
Authors: Chen Xing , Zheng Junjie , Zhuo Min ling , Zhang Ailong , You Zhenhui
Published: April 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) represents the most common malignancy among women worldwide that with high mortality. Radiotherapy is a prevalent therapeutic for BRCA that with heterogeneous effectiveness among patients. Methods: we proposed to develop a gene expression-based signature for BRCA radiotherapy sensitivity prediction. Gene expression profiles of BRCA samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) were obtained and used as training and independent testing dataset, respectively. Differential expression genes (DEGs) in BRCA tumor samples compared with their paracancerous samples in the training set were identified by using edgeR Bioconductor package followed by dimensionality reduction through autoencoder method and univariate Cox regression analysis to screen genes among DEGs that with significant prognosis significance in patients that were previously treated with radiation. LASSO Cox regression method was applied to screen optimal genes for constructing radiotherapy sensitivity prediction signature. Results: 603 DEGs were obtained in BRCA tumor samples, and seven out of which were retained after univariate cox regression analysis. LASSO Cox regression analysis finally remained six genes based on which the radiotherapy sensitivity prediction model was constructed. The signature was proved to be robust in both training and independent testing sets and an independent marker for BRCA radiotherapy sensitivity prediction. Conclusions: this study should be helpful for BRCA patients’ therapeutics selection and clinical decision.
Development and external validation of a nomogram for predicting the effect of tumor size on survival of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xiangcheng , Zhang Yaodong , Wu Zhengshan , Wang Xing , Li Changxian , Chang Jiang , Jiang Wangjie , Wang Hongwei , Wang Yirui
Published: April 2020

Background The effect of tumor size on account of the long-term survival results in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA) patients has remained a controversial debate. It is urgent necessary to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size in PCCA and integrate tumor size with other prognostic factors into nomograms to improve the predictive accuracy of the prognosis of patients with PCCA. Methods 854 patients with PCCA were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. X-tile program was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of tumor size. A nomogram including tumor size was established to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) based on the independent risk factors chosen by Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable cox regression models. The precision of the nomogram for predicting survival was validated internally and externally. Results Patients with PCCA were classified into 1-24 mm, 25-36 mm and ≥37 mm subgroup based on the optimal cutoff for tumor size in terms of CSS. The nomogram according to the independent factors was well calibrated and displayed better discrimination power than 7 th Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage systems. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the larger the tumor size was, the worse the survival would be. The proposed nomograms, which outperforms the conventional TNM staging system, showed consistently reliability and clinically practicality for predicting the prognosis of PCCA patients.
HIV and Syphilis Testing Behaviors among Heterosexual Male Sex Workers in Uganda
Authors: Muhindo Richard , Mujugira Andrew , Castelnuovo Barbara , Sewankambo Nelson , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Kiguli Juliet , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Nakku-Joloba Edith
Published: April 2020

Background : Few studies have described STI and HIV testing practices among heterosexual male sex workers (MSW) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to assess recent HIV and syphilis screening practices among MSW in Uganda. Methods : Between August and December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 100 MSW and 240 female sex workers (FSW). Participants were enrolled through snowball sampling, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire used to collect data on HIV and syphilis in the prior 12 months. Integrated change model constructs were uses to assessed intentions, attitudes, social influences, norms and self-efficacy of 3-monthly Syphilis and 6-monthly HIV testing. Predictors of HIV and syphilis recent testing behaviors were estimated using negative binomial regression. Results : We enrolled 340 sex workers of whom 100 (29%) were MSW. The median age was 27 years (interquartile range [IQR] 25–30) for MSW and 26 years [IQR], (23–29) for FSW. The median duration of sex work was 36 and 30 months for MSW and FSW, respectively. MSW were significantly less likely than FSW to have tested for HIV in the prior 12 months (50% vs 86%; p = 0.001). For MSW, non-HIV testing was associated with higher education (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.50), poor intention to seek HIV testing (aPR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35-2.04), perception that 6-monthly HIV testing was not normative (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09-1.67) and low self-efficacy (aPR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12-1.79). Non-syphilis testing was associated with low intention to seek testing (aPR 3.13; 95% CI: 2.13-4.55), low self-efficacy (aPR 2.56; 95% CI: 1.35-4.76), negative testing attitudes (aPR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.64-3.33), and perception that regular testing was not normative (aPR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14-2.22). Conclusions : Non-testing for HIV and syphilis was common among heterosexual MSW relative to FSW. Future studies should evaluate strategies to increase testing uptake for this neglected sub-population of sex workers.
Effect of Electromagnetic Navigation System Assisted Percutaneous Full-endoscopic Foraminoplasty and Discectomy on Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Yong-Peng , Rao Si-Yuan , Li YongJin , Zhao Bin-De , Wen Tao , Zhou Li , Su Guo-Yi , Du Yan-Xin , Chen Bo-Lai
Published: April 2020

Background

Electromagnetic navigation-guided technique is an exciting innovative procedure, which has been applied in neurosurgery, otolaryngology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, etc. However, no previous study of the application of electromagnetic navigation to guide endoscopic surgery of disc herniation has been reported. Here, we introduce a new technique of electromagnetic navigation system assisted percutaneous full-endoscopic lumbar foraminoplasty and discectomy and compare it to conventional TESSYS technique.

Methods

This is a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The observation group was treated with SEESSYS, and the control group was treated with the traditional Transforaminal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery System (TESSYS). Overall surgical time and fluoroscopy time were recorded in all cases. Outcomes of symptoms were evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria (excellent, good, fair and poor).

Results

34 patients (SEESSYS, 17 patients; TESSYS, 17 patients) were enrolled in this study. Both overall surgical time and working tube introduction time were significantly shorter in SEESSYS group than that in TESSYS group (P<0.01). The fluoroscopy time in SEESSYS group was significantly less than that in TESSYS group (P<0.01). Back VAS, leg VAS and ODI at each time point after surgery were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). In both the SEESSYS and TESSYS group, there was a significant decrease in back VAS, leg VAS and ODI at each time point after surgery compared with pre-operation respectively (P<0.01). The excellent and good rate of SEESSYS group was 95%, which is similar to the 90% in TESSYS group.

Conclusions

Electromagnetic navigation system assisted percutaneous full-endoscopic foraminoplasty and discectomy may be a safe and effective method for treating lumbar disc herniation and this method has the advantages of shortening operative time and fluoroscopy time compared with conventional TESSYS technique.
Trial registration
The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trail Registry on Feb 06, 2020 with the registration number: ChiCTR2000029604. (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=49149)
Pathogenicity of fungus strains isolated from medicinal Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. bulb rot
Authors: Wu rui , Chen Yuan , Guo Fengxia , Gao Yuan , Dong Linlin
Published: April 2020

Background: Bulb rot causes loss of the perennial medicinal plant Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., is exacerbated with growth years and seriously constrains plant productivity, but the pathogens responsible for the disease were still unknown, very few reports were presented before.Methods: To determine potential pathogenic sources, fungus strains were isolated from diseased plant samples with bulb rot symptom of the 3- to 5-year-old F. przewalskii plants by tissue separation, and assayed for pathogenicity according to Koch’s Law.Results: Seven pathogenic strains (F1-F7) were detected in5-year-old rot bulbs, six (F1-F6) in 4-year-old rot bulbs, and four (F1, F2, F5, F6) in 3-year-old rot bulbs. All of the strains were able to infect bulbs by stabbing and some exhibited varying levels of aggressiveness. Relative to the non-stabbing controls, the bulbs stab-inoculated with F5, F2, F7, F4, F1, F6, and F3 showed 76.65%, 75.15%, 71.44%, 40.37%, 39.09%, 36.87%, and 34.93% rot after 8 days, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that theses trains (deposited in GenBank under accessions MH917682 to MH917688) were clustered into Bionectria ochroleuca (F1, F3, F4), Fusarium oxysporum (F2, F7), Fusarium tricinctum (F5), and Clonostachys rosea (F6). The two species of Fusarium had the strongest pathogenicity, followed by Bionectria ochroleuca and Clonostachys rosea. Although leading to low bulb rot incidence by stab-inoculation, F1 showed the highest isolation rate (48.9%) among all strains. Conclusions: Thus, the edible and medicinal bulbs of F. przewalskii are susceptible to synergetic contamination by these seven pathogenic strains at some point after their third year of growth, which has contributed to the species endangered status, with the two strains of Fusarium being the predominant pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the seven strains of four fungal species causing in F. przewalskii bulb rot in China.
Long Term Impact Of Global Health Educational Experiences In Rome: An Attempt Of Measurement
Authors: Civitelli Giulia , Tarsitani Gianfranco , Rinaldi Alessandro , Marceca Maurizio
Published: April 2020

Background Global health education (GHE) is spreading in Europe and in other parts of the world. Since 2008, Sapienza University of Rome has offered activities to medical and other health profession students related to global health (GH), which is grounded in the theory of social determinants of health and inspired by social justice. The educational activities included elective courses as well as community and service-learning experiences, referred to as GH gyms. This study attempts to measure the long-term impact of these educational experiences, especially to demonstrate their influence on the perceived social responsibility of future health professionals. Methods A questionnaire was elaborated and validated. It was sent to participants by e-mail. Quantitative results were analysed through descriptive statistics and qualitative answers were carefully read and classified. Results A total of 758 students from different faculties took part to the educational experiences. Only 488 e-mail addresses were available. One hundred and five (25.1%) questionnaires were returned. Participation in GH gyms was perceived to have had a higher influence on future professional and personal choices, when compared to participation in elective GH courses. Conclusions Consideration of health and social issues related with inequities in health and the use of interactive teaching methodologies had important effects on social responsibility of a large number of students. The inclusion of global health education in health and social curricula and the use of interactive methodologies with a correct evaluation of results are the indications that emerge from this research, together with the necessity of a strong involvement of students and professors.
Clinical Investigations on Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression Treated by Separation Surgery Versus Separation Surgery Combined with Vertebroplasty Combined with Interstitial Implantation of 125I Seeds
Authors: Yang Yihao , Chen Jiahui , Wang Li , Li Dongqi , Chen Xianwei , Tao Haibo , Wang Tiying , Liu Yan , Yuan Tao , Zhang Jing , Wang Cao , Kamar Santosh , Shang Zhongjun , Yang Zuozhang
Published: April 2020

Objective

Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) seriously affects the life span and quality of life of patients. Separation surgery combined with vertebroplasty combined with interstitial implantation of 125 I seeds (SSVPI) is a novel treatment for MESCC patients. To investigate the safety, feasibility and clinical efficacy on metastatic epidural spinal cord compression treated by SSVPI.

Method

Prospective analysis of 56 patients diagnosed with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) and receiving Separation surgery (SS) or separation surgery combined with vertebroplasty combined with interstitial implantation of 125 I seeds. Fifty-six patients were randomly divided into the SS group (26 patients) and SSVPI group (30 patients), and the differences in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain visual analog scale scores (VAS), Karnofsky performance scores (KPS) and American Spinal Injury Association grades were compared.

Results

There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding between the SS group and the SSVPI group ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference at 1 week after surgery ( P > 0.05); there were significant differences in VAS scores at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the KPS score 1 week after surgery ( P > 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the KPS scores at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery ( P < 0.05). In the SS group, there were 20 patients (76.92%) with an improvement in ASIA grades from pre- to postoperation. In the SSVPI group, there were 24 patients (80%) with improved ASIA grades from pre- to postoperation.

Conclusion

SSVPI is a safe, feasible, less invasive and effective treatment for MESCC patients.