bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splenium development and early spoken language in human infants
Authors: Swanson Meghan R. , Wolff Jason J. , Elison Jed T. , Gu Hongbin , Hazlett Heather C. , Botteron Kelly , Styner Martin , Paterson Sarah , Gerig Guido , Constantino John , Dager Stephen , Estes Annette , Vachet Clement , Piven Joseph ,   for the IBIS Network
Published: October 2015

The association between developmental trajectories of language‐related white matter fiber pathways from 6 to 24 months of age and individual differences in language production at 24 months of age was investigated. The splenium of the corpus callosum, a fiber pathway projecting through the posterior hub of the default mode network to occipital visual areas, was examined as well as pathways implicated in language function in the mature brain, including the arcuate fasciculi, uncinate fasciculi, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. The hypothesis that the development of neural circuitry supporting domain‐general orienting skills would relate to later language performance was tested in a large sample of typically developing infants. The present study included 77 infants with diffusion weighted MRI scans at 6, 12 and 24 months and language assessment at 24 months. The rate of change in splenium development varied significantly as a function of language production, such that children with greater change in fractional anisotropy (FA) from 6 to 24 months produced more words at 24 months. Contrary to findings from older children and adults, significant associations between language production and FA in the arcuate, uncinate, or left inferior longitudinal fasciculi were not observed. The current study highlights the importance of tracing brain development trajectories from infancy to fully elucidate emerging brain–behavior associations while also emphasizing the role of the splenium as a key node in the structural network that supports the acquisition of spoken language.
Predictors of Future Atrial Fibrillation Development in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Tuluce Kamil , Yakar Tuluce Selcen , Kahya Eren Nihan , Kocabas Ugur , Akyildiz Akcay Filiz , Gunduz Ramazan , Akyildiz Zehra I. , Ergene Oktay
Published: October 2015

Background

We evaluated whether left atrial (LA) phasic functions, P‐wave dispersion (PWD), and plasma NT‐proBNP levels could predict future development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods

Seventy patients with HCM were evaluated. The LA phasic functions including the LA total emptying volume (LATEV), LA total emptying fraction (LATEF), LA active emptying volume (LAAEV), LA active emptying fraction (LAAEF), LA passive emptying volume (LAPEV), and LA passive emptying fraction (LAPEF) were evaluated. P‐wave dispersion was calculated. Plasma NT‐proBNP levels were measured on the same day with echocardiographic study.

Results

Patients were followed up 53.09 ± 1.87 months. Patients who developed AF (n = 18) had significantly higher PWD values, NT‐proBNP levels, LAVI, E/E' av, and resting LVOT gradients and significantly lower LATEF and LAAEF. In multivariate analysis, LATEF (P = 0.002), LAAEF (P = 0.007), logNT‐proBNP level (P = 0.022), and PWD (P = 0.018) were associated with AF development. The results of receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a LATEF cutoff value 49% with 72% sensitivity and 81% specificity, a LAAEF cutoff value of 36% with 72% sensitivity and 71% specificity, and an NT‐proBNP cutoff value of 720 pg/mL predicted future AF development with 72% sensitivity and 60% specificity. A PWD cutoff value of 47.5 msecond predicted future AF development with 78% sensitivity and 72% specificity.

Conclusion

In patients with HCM, LA phasic functions, PWD, and NT‐proBNP levels predict future development of AF. Assessment of LA phasic functions during routine echocardiographic evaluation and measuring NT‐proBNP levels and PWD values of patients with HCM during daily practice may provide important data in predicting those at high risk of AF occurrence.
Correlation of Left Atrial Strain and Doppler Measurements with Invasive Measurement of Left Ventricular End‐Diastolic Pressure in Patients Stratified for Different Values of Ejection Fraction
Authors: Cameli Matteo , Sparla Stefania , Losito Maurizio , Righini Francesca M. , Menci Daniele , Lisi Matteo , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Focardi Marta , Favilli Roberto , Pierli Carlo , Fineschi Massimo , Mondillo Sergio
Published: October 2015

Background

This study aimed at exploring the correlation of left atrial longitudinal function by speckle tracking echocardiography (left atrial strain) and Doppler measurements (E/E' ratio) with direct measurements of left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in patients stratified for different values of ejection fraction.

Methods

The study population was 80 stable patients with sinus rhythm undergoing cardiac catheterization. This population was selected in order to have four groups of 20 patients each with different LV ejection fraction (>55%, 45–54%, 30–44%, and <30%). LVEDP was obtained during cardiac catheterization; peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and mean E/E' ratio were measured in all subjects.

Results

Similar correlations with LVEDP of global PALS and E/E' ratio were recorded in patients with preserved (r = −0.79 vs. r = 0.72, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both) or mildly reduced ejection fraction (r = −0.75 vs. r = 0.73, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). A closer correlation of global PALS compared to E/E' ratio was evident in patients with moderate (r = −0.78 P < 0.0001; vs. r = 0.47 P = 0.01, respectively) and severe reduction (r = −0.74 P < 0.0001; vs. r = 0.19 ns, respectively) of LV ejection fraction. In multivariate analysis of all measurements, global PALS emerged as a determinant of the LVEDP, independent on other confounding factors and, with the cutoff value of 18.0% presented the best diagnostic accuracy to predict a LVDP above 12 mmHg (AUC 0.87).

Conclusions

In patients with preserved or mildly reduced LV ejection fraction, global PALS and mean E/E' ratio presented good correlations with LVEDP. In patients with moderate or severe reduction of ejection fraction, E/E' ratio correlated poorly with invasively obtained LV filling pressures. Global PALS provided an overall better estimation of LV filling pressures.
The phylogenetic structure of plant–pollinator networks increases with habitat size and isolation
Authors: Aizen Marcelo A. , Gleiser Gabriela , Sabatino Malena , Gilarranz Luis J. , Bascompte Jordi , Verdú Miguel
Published: October 2015

Similarity among species in traits related to ecological interactions is frequently associated with common ancestry. Thus, closely related species usually interact with ecologically similar partners, which can be reinforced by diverse co‐evolutionary processes. The effect of habitat fragmentation on the phylogenetic signal in interspecific interactions and correspondence between plant and animal phylogenies is, however, unknown. Here, we address to what extent phylogenetic signal and co‐phylogenetic congruence of plant–animal interactions depend on habitat size and isolation by analysing the phylogenetic structure of 12 pollination webs from isolated Pampean hills. Phylogenetic signal in interspecific interactions differed among webs, being stronger for flower‐visiting insects than plants. Phylogenetic signal and overall co‐phylogenetic congruence increased independently with hill size and isolation. We propose that habitat fragmentation would erode the phylogenetic structure of interaction webs. A decrease in phylogenetic signal and co‐phylogenetic correspondence in plant–pollinator interactions could be associated with less reliable mutualism and erratic co‐evolutionary change.
Reflections from Within: Ten Years of Service to HEQ
Authors: Pak Yoon K. , Span Christopher M. , Anderson James D.
Published: October 2015

Before we expound on our brief “farewell” essay, we wish to extend our deepest gratitude to those colleagues who contributed as authors, reviewers, associate editors, and editorial board members in sustaining the high quality of scholarship in the history of education. You have been indispensable in this process. I hope you realize the extent to which your role as reviewers serves as a means of mentoring, in contributing to the development of a community of scholars through your topical expertise. The majority of authors, junior and senior faculty alike, shared how appreciative they were of the thoughtful and lengthy feedback offered by the reviewers. They did not view the critiques in a punitive way but rather as a place for creating dialogue. This spirit of collegiality is what also helps our field to thrive.
Job satisfaction in nursing: a concept analysis study
Authors: Liu Y. , Aungsuroch Y. , Yunibhand J.
Published: October 2015

Aim

This study aims to undertake a concept analysis of job satisfaction in the nursing profession.

Background

Around current global shortage of nurses, it is important to stabilize the nursing workforce. Nurses' job satisfaction has been found to be related to intention to leave.

Introduction

In the nursing profession, there is a lack of evidence to support the attributes of nurses' job satisfaction.

Methods

Walker and Avant's approach of concept analysis was used.

Results

The main attributes of job satisfaction from this study are (1) fulfillment of desired needs within the work settings, (2) happiness or gratifying emotional responses towards working conditions, and (3) job value or equity. These attributes are influenced by antecedent conditions like demographic, emotional, work characteristics and environmental variables. Additionally, the consequences of nurses' job satisfaction have a significant impact on both nurses and patients.

Discussion

This study integrated both the content and process of motivational theories to generate the attributes of job satisfaction in nursing that overcome the limitation of the previous studies, which looked only at the definitions of nurses' job satisfaction based on content motivational theories.

Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health Policy

The findings of this study can facilitate both nursing researchers to develop a cultural adaption instrument and policy makers to improve clinical nursing practice. This analysis provides nurse managers with a new perspective to deal with nurses' job satisfaction by taking into account all the attributes that influence it in the nursing field.
Extraoral cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin in the paediatric patient. A report of three cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Swales Karen Louise , Rudralingam Meenakshi , Gandhi Shan
Published: October 2015

Background

An extraoral sinus of odontogenic origin within the face and neck region is normally the consequence of long‐standing chronic infection due to caries, trauma or periodontal infection. There is little reported literature on the prevalence of extraoral cutaneous sinus lesions in the paediatric dental patient as presentation is often delayed resulting in misdiagnosis and consequential mismanagement.

Case Report

The cases discussed concentrate on the aetiology, history, presentation and diagnosis of extraoral sinus lesions that presented in children referred to the Child Dental Health Department at the University Dental Hospital of Manchester over a six‐month period.

Conclusions

The importance of correct diagnosis and treatment management of an extra oral cutaneous sinus in the paediatric patient only occurred when the child attended a specialist led paediatric dental clinic for consultation.
Association of the variants and haplotypes in the DOCK7, PCSK9 and GALNT2 genes and the risk of hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Guo Tao , Yin Rui‐Xing , Lin Wei‐Xiong , Wang Wei , Huang Feng , Pan Shang‐Ling
Published: October 2015

Little is known about the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 (DOCK7), pro‐protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2) and serum lipid traits in the Chinese populations. This study was to determine the association between nine SNPs in the three genes and their haplotypes and hypercholesterolaemia (HCH)/hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG), and to identify the possible gene–gene interactions among these SNPs. Genotyping was performed in 733 HCH and 540 HTG participants. The haplotype of C‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐G [in the order of DOCK7 rs1168013 (G>C), rs10889332 (C>T); PCSK9 rs615563 (G>A), rs7552841 (C>T), rs11206517 (T>G); and GALNT2 rs1997947 (G>A), rs2760537 (C>T), rs4846913 (C>A) and rs11122316 (G>A) SNPs] was associated with increased risk of HCH and HTG. The haplotypes of C‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐A and G‐C‐G‐T‐T‐G‐T‐C‐G were associated with a reduced risk of HCH and HTG. The haplotypes of G‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐A and G‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐T‐C‐G were associated with increased risk of HCH. The haplotypes of C‐T‐G‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐G, G‐C‐A‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐G and G‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐C‐C‐A were associated with an increased risk of HTG. The haplotypes of G‐C‐G‐C‐T‐G‐T‐C‐A and G‐C‐G‐T‐T‐G‐T‐C‐G were associated with a reduced risk of HTG. In addition, possible inter‐locus interactions among the DOCK7, PCSK9 and GALNT2 SNPs were also noted. However, further functional studies of these genes are still required to clarify which SNPs are functional and how these genes actually affect the serum lipid levels.
Exporting the Competition Policy Regime of the European Union: Success or Failure? Empirical Evidence for Acceding Countries
Authors: Böheim Michael H. , Friesenbichler Klaus S.
Published: October 2015

This paper studies the role of a country's EU membership status as an explanatory factor of regulatory quality. It argues that accession to the European Union improves the quality of regulation via the implementation of pro‐competitive policies embedded in the Community Acquis. We assess this conjecture empirically for the (former) transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe, using Member States as well as developing and developed countries in Europe and Central Asia as a control group. The data used is a macro‐economic panel of 48 countries covering six three‐year periods between 1995 and 2012. We find that EU accession positively affected the quality of competition policies over and above an overall trend towards more market‐oriented policies. The improvement in competition policies was not reversed in a single country of the sample, documenting the strong and sustainable transformative power of the EU. The findings are robust when controlling for endogeneity issues.
Combined administration of propranolol + AG490 offers better effects on portal hypertensive rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Qin , Yin Jikai , Dong Rui , Wang Qing , Du Xilin , Lu Jianguo
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims:

AG490, the specific inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 signaling, has been shown to decrease portal pressure, splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and liver fibrosis in cirrhotic rats. Nonselective betablockers such as propranolol are the only drugs recommended in the treatment of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to explore the combinative effect of treatment with propranolol and AG490 on portal hypertension.

Methods:

Rats induced by common bile duct ligation were treated with vehicle, AG490, propranolol, or AG490 + propranolol for 2 weeks. Hemodynamics parameters were assessed. Expressions of phospho‐STAT3 protein and its down‐regulated cytokines in splanchnic organs were detected by ELISA or western blot. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and IL‐6 were assessed by ELISA or western blot. Characterization of liver and mesentery was performed by histological analyses.

Results:

Highly expressed phospho‐STAT3 protein in cirrhotic rats could successfully be inhibited by AG490 or AG490 + propranolol treatments but not by propranolol alone. Both AG490 and propranolol significantly reduced portal pressure and hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation, and combination of AG490 and propranolol achieved an additive effect than with either drug alone. AG490, alone or in combination with propranolol, inhibited liver fibrosis, splenomegaly and splanchnic angiogenesis. Increased markers of bacterial translocation (LBP and IL6) were greatly reduced by propranolol but not by AG490.

Conclusions:

The combination of propranolol and AG490 caused a greater improvement of portal hypertension and might therefore offer a potentially promising therapy in the portal hypertension treatment.
Longitudinal Geographic Miss (LGM) in Robotic Assisted Versus Manual Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: G. Bezerra Hiram , Mehanna Emile , W. Vetrovec George , A. Costa Marco , Weisz Giora
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of robotic‐assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (RA‐PCI) versus manual PCI (M‐PCI) on the incidence of Longitudinal Geographic Miss (LGM).

Background

The safety and feasibility of RA‐PCI has been established in preclinical animal trials and human clinical trials. Patients with LGM have been shown to have worse clinical outcomes including significantly increased incidences of MACE.

Methods

Patients with significant coronary artery disease underwent RA‐PCI in the PRECISE study (n=164) and standard M‐PCI in the STLLR trial (n = 1,509). Longitudinal geographic miss was defined as cases where the entire length of the injured or stenotic segment was not fully covered by the total length of the stent. The incidence of LGM was compared between RA‐PCI and M‐PCI cohorts.

Results

The RA‐PCI cohort had a significantly greater prevalence of previous MI, previous coronary revascularization, and unstable angina. The robotic cohort exhibited a lower incidence of LGM when compared to the M‐PCI patients, 12.2% to 43.1%, respectively (P < 0.0001). To account for the differences in baseline characteristics between the two studies, a propensity score analysis was conducted. The propensity modeling showed similar rates of LGM in both a larger group of patients that met key PRECISE study inclusion/exclusion criteria adjusted for propensity score (9.3% vs 55.0%; P < 0.0001) and in a smaller, matched on propensity score, subset of patients (10.3% vs 64.1%; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Robotic‐assisted PCI had significantly lower incidence of LGM compared to standard M‐PCI. Reducing LGM potentially improves long‐term clinical outcomes through reduction in MACE. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:449–455)
Pneumonia Caused byKlebsiellaspp. in 46 Horses
Authors: Estell K.E. , Young A. , Kozikowski T. , Swain E.A. , Byrne B.A. , Reilly C.M. , Kass P.H. , Aleman M.
Published: October 2015

Background

Klebsiellaspp. are implicated as a common cause of bacterial pneumonia in horses, but few reports describe clinical presentation and disease progression.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe the signalment, clinicopathologic data, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, antimicrobial susceptibility, outcome, and pathologic lesions associated withKlebsiellaspp. pneumonia in horses.

Animals

Forty‐six horses from whichKlebsiellaspp. was isolated from the lower respiratory tract.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records from 1993 to 2013 at theWilliamR.PritchardVeterinaryMedicalTeachingHospital,University ofCalifornia,Davis were reviewed. Exact logistic regression was performed to determine if any variables were associated with survival to hospital discharge.

Results

Survival in horses <1 year old was 73%. Overall survival in adults was 63%. For adults in whichKlebsiella pneumoniaewas the primary isolate, survival was 52%. Mechanical ventilation preceded development of pneumonia in 11 horses. Complications occurred in 25/46 horses, with thrombophlebitis and laminitis occurring most frequently. Multi‐drug resistance was found in 47% of bacterial isolates. Variables that significantly impacted survival included hemorrhagic nasal discharge, laminitis, and thoracic radiographs with a sharp demarcation between marked caudal pulmonary alveolar infiltration and more normal‐appearing caudodorsal lung.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Klebsiellaspp. should be considered as a differential diagnosis for horses presenting with hemorrhagic pneumonia and for horses developing pneumonia after mechanical ventilation. Multi‐drug resistance is common. Prognosis for survival generally is fair, but is guarded for adult horses in whichK. pneumoniaeis isolated as the primary organism.
Strategic Challenger Entry in a Federal System: The Role of Economic and Political Conditions in State Legislative Competition
Authors: Rogers Steven
Published: October 2015

Over a third of state legislators do not face challengers when seeking reelection. Existing analyses of state legislative contestation almost exclusively focus on the stable institutional features surrounding elections and ignore conditions that change between elections. I remedy this oversight by investigating how political contexts influence challenger entry. State legislators—particularly members of the governor's party—more often face opposition during weak state economies, but the president's copartisans are even more likely to receive a challenger when the president is unpopular. My findings suggest that both national‐ and state‐level political conditions have an important impact on challengers' entry strategies.
How diaries written for critically ill influence the relatives: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Nielsen Anne H , Angel Sanne
Published: October 2015

Background

Diaries written by nurses for the critically ill patient helps relatives cope and support the patient. When relatives participate in writing a diary for the critically ill, patients appreciate it. Furthermore, the diary may reduce post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression in patients and relatives.

Aim

To explore how relatives perceive reading and writing in the diary and how it affects their well‐being.

Search strategies

A systematic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, CiNAHL and PsycINFO and supplemented by a citation search in Scopus on four‐selected articles. Finally, 10 articles were included in this review structured by the Matrix method.

Inclusion criteria

(a) Original scientific work, (b) relatives participation and experience of the diary as subject and (c) diaries studied in an intensive care unit setting.

Findings

Relatives were given instructions on how to write in the diary. They expressed strong feelings in the diary in a very different way than health care staff. The relatives used the diary themselves to gain understanding and to cope. The diary has been shown to prevent post‐traumatic stress symptoms.

Conclusion

The relatives express their love for the patient, when they author the diary and this may be beneficial to the relatives as it helps them cope and support the patient. The organized account of the time in the intensive care unit in the diary may explain the diary's ability to reduce the occurrence of post‐traumatic stress disorder; however, further research is needed to confirm this. How relatives interact through writing and reading a diary, originally intended for the patient, is unclear.

Relevance to clinical practice

Providing relatives with a diary may help them cope. However, caution should be taken as possible adverse effects related to the interaction between relatives in the diary may not yet be known.
A novel nematode effector suppresses plant immunity by activating host reactive oxygen species‐scavenging system
Authors: Lin Borong , Zhuo Kan , Chen Shiyan , Hu Lili , Sun Longhua , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Lian‐Hui , Liao Jinling
Published: October 2015

Evidence is emerging that plant‐parasitic nematodes can secrete effectors to interfere with the host immune response, but it remains unknown how these effectors can conquer host immune responses. Here, we depict a novel effector, MjTTL5, that could suppress plant immune response.

Immunolocalization and transcriptional analyses showed that MjTTL5 is expressed specifically within the subventral gland of Meloidogyne javanica and up‐regulated in the early parasitic stage of the nematode. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing MjTTL5 were significantly more susceptible to M. javanica infection than wild‐type plants, and vice versa, in planta silencing of MjTTL5 substantially increased plant resistance to M. javanica.

Yeast two‐hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays showed that MjTTL5 interacts specifically with Arabidopsis ferredoxin : thioredoxin reductase catalytic subunit (AtFTRc), a key component of host antioxidant system. The expression of AtFTRc is induced by the infection of M. javanica. Interaction between AtFTRc and MjTTL could drastically increase host reactive oxygen species‐scavenging activity, and result in suppression of plant basal defenses and attenuation of host resistance to the nematode infection.

Our results demonstrate that the host ferredoxin : thioredoxin system can be exploited cunningly by M. javanica, revealing a novel mechanism utilized by plant–parasitic nematodes to subjugate plant innate immunity and thereby promoting parasitism.
RTP1 encodes a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized protein in Arabidopsis and negatively regulates resistance against biotrophic pathogens
Authors: Pan Qiaona , Cui Beimi , Deng Fengyan , Quan Junli , Loake Gary J. , Shan Weixing
Published: October 2015

Oomycete pathogens cause serious damage to a wide spectrum of plants. Although host pathogen recognition via pathogen effectors and cognate plant resistance proteins is well established, the genetic basis of host factors that mediate plant susceptibility to oomycete pathogens is relatively unexplored.

Here, we report on RTP1, a nodulin‐related MtN21 family gene in Arabidopsis that mediates susceptibility to Phytophthora parasitica.

RTP1 was identified by screening a T‐DNA insertion mutant population and encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized protein. Overexpression of RTP1 rendered Arabidopsis more susceptible, whereas RNA silencing of RTP1 led to enhanced resistance to P. parasitica. Moreover, an RTP1 mutant, rtp1‐1, displayed localized cell death, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and accelerated PR1 expression, compared to the wild‐type Col‐0, in response to P. parasitica infection. rtp1‐1 showed a similar disease response to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, including increased disease resistance, cell death and ROS production. Furthermore, rpt1‐1 exhibited resistance to the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum, but not to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea.

Taken together, these results suggest that RTP1 negatively regulates plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens, possibly by regulating ROS production, cell death progression and PR1 expression.
Chitinase‐resistant hydrophilic symbiotic factors secreted by Frankia activate both Ca2+ spiking and NIN gene expression in the actinorhizal plant Casuarina glauca
Authors: Chabaud Mireille , Gherbi Hassen , Pirolles Elodie , Vaissayre Virginie , Fournier Joëlle , Moukouanga Daniel , Franche Claudine , Bogusz Didier , Tisa Louis S. , Barker David G. , Svistoonoff Sergio
Published: October 2015

Although it is now well‐established that decorated lipo‐chitooligosaccharide Nod factors are the key rhizobial signals which initiate infection/nodulation in host legume species, the identity of the equivalent microbial signaling molecules in the Frankia/actinorhizal association remains elusive.

With the objective of identifying Frankia symbiotic factors we present a novel approach based on both molecular and cellular pre‐infection reporters expressed in the model actinorhizal species Casuarina glauca.

By introducing the nuclear‐localized cameleon Nup‐YC2.1 into Casuarina glauca we show that cell‐free culture supernatants of the compatible Frankia CcI3 strain are able to elicit sustained high frequency Ca2+ spiking in host root hairs. Furthermore, an excellent correlation exists between the triggering of nuclear Ca2+ spiking and the transcriptional activation of the ProCgNIN:GFP reporter as a function of the Frankia strain tested. These two pre‐infection symbiotic responses have been used in combination to show that the signal molecules present in the Frankia CcI3 supernatant are hydrophilic, of low molecular weight and resistant to chitinase degradation.

In conclusion, the biologically active symbiotic signals secreted by Frankia appear to be chemically distinct from the currently known chitin‐based rhizobial/arbuscular mycorrhizal signaling molecules. Convenient bioassays in Casuarina glauca are now available for their full characterization.
Weight maintenance: challenges, tools and strategies for primary care physicians
Authors: Soleymani T. , Daniel S. , Garvey W. T.
Published: October 2015

Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease and one of the major healthcare challenges facing us today. Weight loss can be achieved via lifestyle, pharmacological and surgical interventions, but weight maintenance remains a lifetime challenge for individuals with obesity. Guidelines for the management of obesity have highlighted the role of primary care providers (PCPs). This review examines the long‐term outcomes of clinical trials to identify effective weight maintenance strategies that can be utilized by PCPs. Because of the broad nature of the topic, a structured PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant research articles, peer‐reviewed reviews, guidelines and articles published by regulatory bodies. Trials have demonstrated the benefit of sustained weight loss in managing obesity and its comorbidities. Maintaining 5–10% weight loss for ≥1 year is known to ameliorate many comorbidities. Weight maintenance with lifestyle modification – although challenging – is possible but requires long‐term support to reinforce diet, physical activity and behavioural changes. The addition of pharmacotherapy to lifestyle interventions promotes greater and more sustained weight loss. Clinical evidence and recently approved pharmacotherapy has given PCPs improved strategies to support their patients with maintenance of weight loss. Further studies are needed to assess the translation of these strategies into clinical practice.
Impact of a Pediatric Dermatology Service on Emergency Department Utilization for Children with Dermatitis
Authors: Beal Brandon T. , Prodanovic Edward , Kuo Jimmy E. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Peter John R. , Siegfried Elaine C.
Published: October 2015

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic pediatric skin disease, and it can profoundly affect a family's quality of life. Children with flaring AD often seek treatment in emergency departments (EDs), which leads to expensive care and ineffective long‐term disease control.

Objectives

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of a pediatric dermatology service (PDS) on ED use and charges and of disease outcomes for patients diagnosed with AD before and after establishing an intramural PDS.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed electronic medical records of patients presenting to an urban children's hospital ED with diagnoses encompassing the terms AD, eczema, dermatitis and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes 691.8 and 692.9 during the year before (pre‐PDS period) and 3 years after establishing a PDS.

Results

There were 205 ED visits for dermatitis in the pre‐PDS period and 130 in the with‐PDS period, a 36.6% decrease (p < 0.001). In the pre‐PDS period, 53.7% (n = 110/205) of patients presenting to the ED had moderate dermatitis, compared with 26.2% (n = 34/130) in the with‐PDS period, a 69.1% decrease (p < 0.001). Total ED charges were $142,885 for the pre‐PDS period and $90,610 for the with‐PDS period, a $52,275 decrease.

Conclusions

This study provides a salient example of achieving the triple aim of health care reform: improving health outcomes (decreased ED visits) improving the patient experience (transitioning care from the ED to the more appropriate ambulatory clinical setting), and decreasing the cost of care (decreased ED charges).
Intraday glucose fluctuation is common in preterm infants receiving intermittent tube feeding
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Kawai Masahiko , Yamashita Sumie , Hata Daisuke
Published: October 2015

Background

We previously reported on three preterm infants with blood glucose abnormalities after reaching full enteral feeding. Recently, it has been shown that clinically stable preterm infants may have large fluctuations in blood glucose after the establishment of enteral nutrition. We hypothesized that intraday glucose fluctuation is a common finding in preterm infants, but improves at term post‐conceptual age. This report describes a case series.

Methods

From June 2010 to July 2012, 13 preterm infants (29.5 ± 2.1 post‐conceptual weeks, 1144 ± 319 g) were enrolled in this study. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted on average at 33.5 ± 1.4 post‐conceptual weeks, when they received gastric tube feeding every 3 h in the absence of i.v. glucose supply.

Results

Eight infants (62%) had large intraday glucose fluctuation with repeated hyperglycemic (>150 mg/dL) and hypoglycemic (<50 mg/dL) events. In five infants, follow‐up CGM at 36–38 weeks post‐conceptual age showed more stable glycemic changes without any abnormal glucose levels.

Conclusions

On CGM, in some preterm infants intermittent tube feeding resulted in large intraday glucose fluctuation at 31–35 post‐conceptual weeks, but the pattern disappeared before discharge (36–38 post‐conceptual weeks).
Impact of Trade on Canada's Employment, Skill and Wage Structure
Authors: Acharya Ram C.
Published: October 2015

Using newly constructed data for 88 Canadian industries (including primary, manufacturing and services), for 15 years (1992–2007), we analyse the impact of trade and technological change on labour demand, skill structure, wage premiums and welfare in Canada. Results show that export growth has no impact, whereas import growth reduces employment growth. But contrary to popular belief, Canada's job loss due to imports has been very small, only about 6,000 persons annually. China's negative impacts are more pronounced in industries where the share of information and communication technology (ICT) capital is rising fast and among low R&D intensive industries. In terms of skill change, ICT use and real exchange rate appreciation are biased towards high skill workers. Imports from the United States and China are skill‐neutral, whereas imports from Mexico are skill‐upgrading. Overall, neither export nor import growth has an impact on the wage rate. However, had there been no imports from China, the annual wage growth rate of high skill manufacturing workers would have been 0.6 per cent higher. Between 1992 and 2007, there was an annual net gain from the rise in imports at about 0.4 per cent of GDP, in addition to the gains obtained from 1992 import levels vis‐à‐vis autarky.
Negative pressure wound therapy limits downgrowth in percutaneous devices
Authors: Mitchell Saranne J. , Jeyapalina Sujee , Nichols Francesca R. , Agarwal Jayant , Bachus Kent N.
Published: October 2015

Maintenance of a soft tissue seal around percutaneous devices is challenged by the downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues—a gateway to potential infection. As negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used clinically to facilitate healing of complex soft tissue pathologies, it was hypothesized that NPWT could limit downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues. To test this hypothesis, 20 hairless guinea pigs were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5/group). Using a One‐Stage (Groups 1 and 3) or a Two‐Stage (Groups 2 and 4) surgical procedure, each animal was implanted with a titanium‐alloy subdermal device porous‐coated with commercially pure, medical grade titanium. Each subdermal device had a smooth titanium‐alloy percutaneous post. The One‐Stage procedure encompassed insertion of a fully assembled device during a single surgery. The Two‐Stage procedure involved the implantation of a subdermal device during the first surgery, and then three weeks later, insertion of a percutaneous post. Groups 1 and 2 served as untreated controls and Groups 3 and 4 received NPWT. Four weeks postimplantation of the post, the devices and surrounding tissues were harvested, and histologically evaluated for downgrowth. Within the untreated control groups, the Two‐Stage surgical procedure significantly decreased downgrowth (p = 0.027) when compared with the One‐Stage procedure. Independent of the surgical procedures performed, NPWT significantly limited downgrowth (p ≤ 0.05) when compared with the untreated controls.
CFD Simulations of Lifeboat During Sailing Phase in Harsh Weather
Authors: Tregde Vidar , Steen Sverre
Published: October 2015

A free fall lifeboat is going through several phases during a drop; sliding on the skid, rotation on skid, free fall, water entry, ventilation, maximum submergence, resurfacing and the sailing phase. In the sailing phase, the engine is running, providing propeller thrust, and the vessel is exposed to wind and waves while trying to run away from the host.

CFD simulations of the lifeboat in the sailing phase have been run in regular Stokes 5th order waves, as well as simulations in irregular seas. The regular waves have been set up with different wave heights and wave periods. The set-up of waves have been done to fulfil the requirements in DNV-OS-E406, which is the DNV-GL offshore standard for design of free fall lifeboats.

Validation of the CFD models are done with comparison to model tests from calm water tests as well as self-propelled model tests in waves. Results from full scale tests in calm water and in waves are also used in validation of CFD results.

The hydrodynamic problem solved for 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) free running model in waves with thrust force from propeller is solved using the CFD software Star CCM+.

A method for estimating thrust coefficient with a combination of full scale calm water results and results from CFD simulations is presented.

The CFD simulations have shown to give acceptable accuracy for lifeboat in a seaway. Further, the CFD simulations have shown to be very useful for demonstrating fulfilment of requirements in the offshore standard for lifeboats in the sailing phase.
Some Aspects of Vortex Induced Motions of a Multi-Column Floater
Authors: Irani Mehernosh , Jennings Tim , Geyer Jeff , Krueger Evan
Published: October 2015

An extensive model test program was conducted to explore the effect of various parameters on the Vortex Induced Motion (VIM) response of a four column semi-submersible (Semi) floating platform. The paper describes the model test set-up, important parameters that were modeled (including hull geometry, mass, stiffness and damping properties) and considerations of instrumentation and test methodology. The damping contributions from the moorings and risers have traditionally not been included in a VIM model test setup. This is the first time that the damping characteristics of the moorings and risers are systematically evaluated and included in the model test setup. This paper describes the calculation of the full-scale mooring and riser damping characteristics and, the design and construction of an innovative model test damping mechanism. Besides damping, the effect of varying the Semi draft and external hull appurtenances were also evaluated.
An Efficient Erection Simulation Methodology for the Modular Construction of Offshore Platform Based on Points Cloud Data
Authors: Seo Jung Kwan , Kim Deok Eun
Published: October 2015

Requests for the accurate planning of the erection process using modelling and simulation techniques have recently increased in many engineering fields, including shipbuilding and the offshore industries. In this study, an efficient erection simulation framework is proposed based on three-dimensional (3-D) measurement data that can support the development of various simulation systems for modular construction planning in the offshore and shipbuilding industries. The proposed simulation framework can be used to predict the erection state to optimise any gap, weak point and/or overlap of the modular construction process on the basis of 3-D laser scanning measurement data. To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed simulation framework, the framework is applied to the drillship modular erection process. The results show that the proposed simulation framework provides a consistent, integrated developmental environment for an erection process in the offshore industries. In addition, it can be expected that the time costs and risks of on-site fatality associated with the erection process will be reduced.
Experimental Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performances of a Spar FPSO
Authors: Lu Haining , Wang Jin , Kou Yufeng , Qi Xiaoliang
Published: October 2015

A deepwater Spar Drilling Production Storage Offloading (SDPSO) floating system or Spar FPSO that integrates Spar dry-tree production, oil storage and offloading has been proposed for offshore oil exploitation. Benefits of the deep drafted first generation classic Spar, such as excellent stability and hydrodynamic performances that allow dry tree drilling and production, large capacity of the mid hull section for oil storage, cost efficiency for construction and save in-service operations, are combined to provide a competitive solution from moderate deep water of 300m to ultra-deep water of 3,000m.

The present Spar FPSO is proposed for the potential deepwater oil field development in South China Sea. It uses the hull mid-section with large capacity for wet oil storage, utilizing the density difference between the oil and the sea water for wet storage and oil-water displacement in the storage tank. To demonstrate the feasibility and to investigate its hydrodynamic performances of the Spar FPSO, comprehensive experimental investigations, including the in-place model tests in the deepwater offshore basin and the VIM model tests in the towing tank, have been undertaken. For the in-place model tests, both the stand alone and the tandem offloading conditions were considered. The classic Spar hull, the taut mooring system and the top tensioned risers (TTRs) were all included to represent the coupling effects of the whole system. Various metocean environments, such as the 100-year storm, the 1-year storm and the offloading condition, were considered to give a complete assessment. Different mooring configurations were also studied to adapt to the deep and moderate water depths correspondingly. The global responses, such as the hull six degree of freedom motions, top tensions of mooring lines and risers, possible green water occurrences, were monitored and recorded in real time. Additionally, a preliminary VIM experiment was also carried out in the towing tank since the vortex induced motions (VIM) is one of the most concerned issues for the deep drafted Spar. The VIM characteristics with different heading angles and current velocities were obtained.

It is demonstrated that the Spar FPSO has satisfactory hydrodynamic and VIM performances in metocean environmental conditions in South China Sea. It gives a feasible and competitive alternative with integrated dry-tree drilling, production, oil storage and offloading functionalities for offshore oil field development in deep water depth.
Hydrodynamic Coefficient Maps for Riser Interference Analysis
Authors: Patel Suneel , Sundararaman Shankar , Padelopoulos Pete , Raghavan Kamaldev , Karayaka Metin , Hays Paul , Constantinides Yiannis
Published: October 2015

Riser wake interference analysis is conducted based on analytical / semi-empirical models such as Blevins’ and Huse’s models. These models are used for modeling the reduction in particle flow velocity due to the presence of a cylindrical object upstream in the flow path. However, these models are often too conservative and accurate only for circular cylinders. Many top tensioned risers (TTRs) use vortex induced vibration (VIV) suppression devices such as strakes or fairings. There is a need for alternate methods to obtain drag and lift coefficient datasets for circular cylinders with strakes and fairings. Two such approaches are to obtain data from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations or from experimental large-scale model test data. Interpolation and/or extrapolation methods are needed to obtain additional data points for global riser finite element analysis.

This paper presents a methodology to obtain hydrodynamic coefficients for TTRs with VIV suppression devices. The proposed methodology uses a combination of empirical formulas based on Blevins’ model and numerical interpolation techniques along with experimental tow tank test data and CFD analysis. The resulting data is then input as user-defined drag/lift coefficients into a global riser finite element analysis to obtain a more realistic riser system response.
Fluid-Structure Interaction of Liquid Sloshing Induced by Vessel Motion in Floating LNG Tank
Authors: Jia David , Agrawal Madhusuden , Wang Chaojun , Shen Joanne , Malachowski Jim
Published: October 2015

Liquid sloshing in Floating LNG tank could potentially cause strength issue, resonant vibration and fatigue damage of the tank structures. An FSI approach is used in this paper to provide solutions in both fluid domain and structural domain. The dynamic stresses from the solutions can be used to potentially address the three critical issues in floating LNG tank design. The first one is the strength of the tank structure under the peak impact loads. The second one is the resonant vibration when the excitation from the ship motion is near the natural frequencies of the LNG tank. The third one is the tank structure fatigue under dynamic loads that is caused by liquid sloshing due to ship motions even in the normal operation.

In this paper, an FSI approach is used for modeling liquid sloshing induced by vessel motion in a FLNG tank. The scaling law [1] is used in the simulation to reduce the size of the model. Transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is coupled with transient Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD). The gas and liquid inside tank are modelled with Volume of Fluid (VOF) theory. The FSI modeling can be potentially used to assess strength, vibration and fatigue in FLNG tanks due to liquid sloshing. The FSI results show vessel motions significantly affect impact pressure and dynamic stress on the tank. FSI can capture coupled physics of vessel motions, sloshing, impact pressure, and dynamic stress on the tank.
Impact Loads From Drop Test of a Circular Section With 42 Force Transducers
Authors: Lian Gunnar , Økland Ole David , Vestbøstad Tone M.
Published: October 2015

Results from previous model test campaigns of various large-volume platforms indicate that wave impact loads on vertical platform columns can become high in extreme sea states. Moreover, column slamming is a highly non-linear and complex problem and reliable estimation of Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Accidental Limit State (ALS) design loads is a challenge. A model test campaign dedicated to investigate column slamming has been performed on a large volume platform at Marintek. Special effort was put into designing a model and instrumentation package that could capture the complex phenomenon of slamming due to breaking or near breaking waves as accurately as possible.

As part of the validation of the instrumentation for this test, drop tests were performed on a circular section with 42 force transducers. In the model test, this section was mounted on one of the platform columns for measuring wave impacts. In the present drop tests, the same section was dropped in still water in a small basin. Different impact velocities and impact angles were investigated. High-speed video recordings were also used to document the tests.

This paper presents the setup used in the drop tests. The results from the drop tests are discussed and compared to theoretical solutions.