bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of aggregation-induced emission properties of Ag(0)@Ag(I) rich−thiolate core-shell nanoclusters: Ligand assembly dominated
Authors: Yang Taiqun , Li Lei , Zhou Jiafeng , Shan Bingqian , Gao Hui , Zhu Chun , Chen Guoqing , Zhang Kun
Published: December 2023

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an effective strategy for improving the photoluminescence (PL) performance of metal nanoclusters (MNCs). However, the origin of AIE in MNCs is still not fully understood, which is pivotal for the design of AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Here, water soluble silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) with AIE properties were synthesized. These as-synthesized non-luminescent Ag NCs will become photoluminescent when transferred from water to ethanol, and the emission peak was redshifted from ∼560 to ∼600 nm and largely intensified with the addition of Cu2+. The addition of Cu2+ makes a big difference in the PL properties of Ag NCs. That is, the PL will be enhanced if Cu2+ is added with the sequence “Ag NCs + Cu2++EtOH.” In contrast, the PL will be quenched if Cu2+ is added with the sequence “Ag NCs + EtOH + Cu2+.” The PL was from the supramolecular clusters formed by the assembly of capping ligands on the confined surface of individual silver clusters through weak interactions. The addition of Cu2+ could regulate the assembly structure and further affect the energy lever (p-band) through space electron interactions. These results provide new insights into the AIE process in metal nanoclusters.
Modeling nuclear quantum effects on long-range electrostatics in nonuniform fluids
Authors: Remsing Richard C.
Published: December 2023

Nuclear quantum effects play critical roles in a variety of molecular processes, especially in systems that contain hydrogen and other light nuclei, such as water. For water under ambient conditions, nuclear quantum effects are often interpreted as local effects resulting from a smearing of the hydrogen atom distribution. However, the orientational structure of water at interfaces determines long-range effects, such as electrostatics, through the O–H bond ordering that is impacted by nuclear quantum effects. In this work, I examine nuclear quantum effects on long-range electrostatics of water confined between hydrophobic walls using path integral simulations. To do so, I combine concepts from local molecular field theory with path integral methods at varying levels of approximation to develop efficient and physically intuitive approaches for describing long-range electrostatics in nonuniform quantum systems. Using these approaches, I show that quantum water requires larger electrostatic forces to achieve interfacial screening than the corresponding classical system. This work highlights the subtleties of electrostatics in nonuniform classical and quantum molecular systems, and the methods presented here are expected to be of use to efficiently model nuclear quantum effects in large systems.
Laser direct writing of efficient 3D TiO2 nano-photocatalysts
Authors: Syngelakis Ioannis , Manousidaki Maria , Kabouraki Elmina , Kyriakakis Apostolos , Kenanakis George , Klini Argyro , Tzortzakis Stelios , Farsari Maria
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for functional nanodevices in sustainable energy applications necessitates the development of innovative approaches. In this study, we present the fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional (3D) structures coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods (NRs). These novel devices are created through the integration of four distinct techniques, multi-photon lithography, post-thermal treatment, pulsed laser deposition, and an aqueous chemical growth, enabling their unique properties and functionalities in photocatalysis. The photocatalytic performance of the 3D devices is evaluated through the degradation of organic pollutants, such as methylene blue and stearic acid, showcasing their efficiency in reducing pollutant concentrations. The devices demonstrate a remarkable decomposition coefficient (k=0.059min−1), highlighting their enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, we propose a rapid fabrication technique using 3D holographic printing to create large-area TiO2-coated micro-structured photocatalytic devices at the mesoscale regime. This approach increases the active surface area, further enhancing the devices’ photocatalytic capabilities. By combining additive micro-manufacturing, TiO2 NR coating, and holographic printing, our work introduces a promising avenue for the development of advanced nanodevices with superior photocatalytic performance in sustainable energy applications.
Enhanced and tunable photonic spin Hall effect with optical Tamm states
Authors: Tang Jiao , Zhang Yuting , Yuan Hongxia , Long Xin , Jiang Jie , Tian Haishan , Jiang Leyong
Published: December 2023

The photonic spin Hall effect has attracted considerable attention for its potential applications in precision metrology and spin-based photonics. However, the spin-dependent transverse shift arising from this phenomenon is considerably weak and poses a challenge in terms of detection. Here, we present a novel technique to amplify the photonic spin Hall effect by exciting the optical Tamm states through an Au-distributed Bragg reflector. Our approach involves optimizing the thickness of the Au layer and the spacing layer, as well as adjusting the Fermi energy of graphene. The result is a remarkable transverse shift of up to 18 μm in the horizontal polarization state. Furthermore, we introduce graphene into the Au-distributed Bragg reflector to enable dynamic control of the photonic spin Hall effect by manipulating the Fermi energy of graphene. These findings represent an innovative platform for enhancing and actively controlling the photonic spin Hall effect with significant potential for spin-controlled optics.
Ion energy distribution measurement device using a capillary plate with high-aspect ratio
Authors: Lee Ho-Won , Kim Ju-Ho , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: December 2023

An ion energy measurement method using a capillary plate with a high-aspect ratio is proposed to obtain ion energy distribution (IED). When a capillary plate is used, an electron-shading (ES) effect is introduced in which a potential difference occurs between the top and bottom of the capillary plate because of a difference in the mobility of ions and electrons. Electrons are repelled by the potential difference, and only ions reach the bottom of the capillary plate. Additionally, the measured IED at the bottom of the capillary plate is similar to the value at the bottom of the contact hole in the etch process. This means that the actual ion energy reaching the inside of the contact hole can be predicted in the etch process. In our experiment, the IED was obtained using the ES effect at various discharge conditions, such as RF bias power, pressure, and aspect ratio (L/D), of the capillary plate. The ES effect was verified by a particle trajectory simulation, and the ion current measured at the collector was compared with the increasing aspect ratio. The obtained IEDs were in good agreement with previous works.
Experimental determination of intrinsic carrier density in 4H-SiC based on electron diffusion current in an npn bipolar junction transistor
Authors: Asada Satoshi , Murata Koichi , Tanaka Hajime , Tsuchida Hidekazu
Published: December 2023

The intrinsic carrier density of 4H-SiC at temperatures ranging from 294 to 595 K was derived by analyzing a collector current in an npn-type SiC bipolar junction transistor, the structure of which was designed based on a device simulation. The obtained intrinsic carrier density was in good agreement with the value calculated from the bandgap and effective densities of states taking multiple and non-parabolic SiC bands into account. The coincidence of the intrinsic carrier density obtained by these two different approaches indicates the usefulness of the proposed method and the validity of the evaluated value of intrinsic carrier density. The temperature dependence of the bandgap was also estimated from the deduced intrinsic carrier density and compared with an empirical formula. The derived bandgap agreed well with the empirical formula showing bandgap shrinkage at high temperatures. The errors in evaluating the intrinsic carrier density and the bandgap caused by the estimation of the hole density and electron mobility in the base layer are also discussed for the proposed method.
An in-context overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the
ISO 20771:2020 Legal translation – Requirements standard
Authors: Popiołek Monika
Published: December 2023

This article provides an overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional
requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard. References to existing frameworks,
such as European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and some research, complementary ISO standards (notably ISO 17100:2015) and current industry best-practice offer relevant context and background information, and
identify the gap that has been filled by this important standard.

The author demonstrates that ISO 20771:2020 is a good example of a
requirements standard developed for the translation industry that is up-to-date, reflects actual industry best-practice, and
addresses a need for standardization of legal translator requirements for the purpose of certification. It is posited here that
ISO 20771:2020 is a valuable resource for all stakeholders as it not only provides
accurate information about standard market requirements for legal translation (and translation in general) but also contributes to
translators’ professionalization by setting objective professional benchmarks. Additionally, ISO requirements standards are, by
definition, pragmatic and operational, and therefore easier to validate through conformity assessment and certification than any
other resources, and hence both the industry and academia can only benefit from increased ISO standards uptake.

The overview of legal translator competences, qualifications and other professional requirements set in the ISO 20771:2020 standard reflects the ISO approach to setting translator requirements, and
outlines some of the practical implications of translation industry standardization and certification in the hope that it might
become the starting point for more discussions on this subject in the future.
ISO standards for terminology resources management
Authors: Vezzani Federica , Di Nunzio Giorgio Maria , Costa Rute
Published: December 2023

The ‘FAIR terminology’ paradigm is the first initiative that aims to establish a strong interrelation between the
FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and
Reusability) principles, promoted at the European level to foster the Open Science movement, and the
specifications advocated in the framework of ISO TC 37/SC 3 about the management of terminology resources. Through the
complementary adoption of the SC 3 standards, the paradigm, therefore, proposes guidelines paving the way for the FAIRification of
terminological data, metadata, and infrastructure. In this context, this study has a threefold objective. First, we will show the
impact of three ISO TC 37/SC 3 standards (mainly ISO 16642: 2017; ISO 12620: 2019 and ISO 30042: 2019) for the foundation of the
FAIR terminology paradigm. Secondly, we will present the integration of this data representation model in the framework of the
European project ‘Terminology Without Borders’ (TWB) launched in 2019 by the Terminology Coordination Unit (TermCoord) of the
European Parliament. Finally, we intend to reflect in a critical perspective to highlight some possible limitations of the
previously mentioned SC 3 standards in terms of FAIRification of terminological data.
The epistemological orientation of Ottoman argumentation theory and its relation to kalām
Authors: Ince Serkan
Published: December 2023

Islamic (Ottoman) argumentation theories provide strong evidence that the argumentation theory advocated by
Ottoman theorists was epistemologically oriented, and has strong parallels with the argumentation theory of kalām
(dialectical theology); indeed Ottoman argumentation theory and kalām interacted intensively and influenced each
other. This article traces some snapshots of this discourse. In doing so, key concepts of Islamic (Ottoman) argumentation theories
are introduced.
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics studies of crystal violet adsorbed by anionic polymer brush functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Authors: Alswieleh Abdullah
Published: December 2023

The removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from an aqueous solution has been investigated using anionic poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PKSPMA) brushes grafted on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize PKSPMA brushes modified MSNPs (PKSPMA@MSNPs). Surface-modified MSNPs were almost spherical shapes with sizes ranging between 190 nm and 340 nm with an average pore size of ca. 5. The adsorption process of the CV was investigated under various of testing conditions, including pH, contact duration and initial dye concentration. The maximum loading of CV onto PKSPMA@MSNPs was observed at pH 3, with approximately 91% adsorption efficiency at a concentration of 100 ppm. The removal of CV onto PKSPMA@MSNPs was best described by the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of 128.37 mg g−1. The kinetics of the adsorption process were best described by the pseudo-second-order model.
Quantifying differences in plant architectural development between hybrid potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants grown from two types of propagules
Authors: Gu Jiahui , Struik Paul C , Evers Jochem B , Lertngim Narawitch , Lin Ruokai , Driever Steven M
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Plants can propagate generatively and vegetatively. The type of propagation and the resulting propagule can influence the growth of the plants, such as plant architectural development and pattern of biomass allocation. Potato is a species that can reproduce through both types of propagation: through true botanical seeds and seed tubers. The consequences of propagule type on the plant architectural development and biomass partitioning in potatoes are not well known. We quantified architectural differences between plants grown from these two types of propagules from the same genotype, explicitly analysing branching dynamics above and below ground, and related these differences to biomass allocation patterns.

Methods

A greenhouse experiment was conducted, using potato plants of the same genotype but grown from two types of propagules: true seeds and seed tubers from a plant grown from true seed (seedling tuber). Architectural traits and biomass allocation to different organs were quantified at four developmental stages. Differences between true-seed-grown and seedling-tuber-grown plants were compared at the whole-plant level and at the level of individual stems and branches, including their number, size and location on the plant.

Key Results

A more branched and compact architecture was produced in true-seed-grown plants compared with seedling-tuber-grown plants. The architectural differences between plants grown from true seeds and seedling tubers appeared gradually and were attributed mainly to the divergent temporal–spatial distribution of lateral branches above and below ground on the main axis. The continual production of branches in true-seed-grown plants indicated their indeterminate growth habit, which was also reflected in a slower shift of biomass allocation from above- to below-ground branches, whereas the opposite trend was found in seedling-tuber-grown plants.

Conclusions

In true-seed-grown plants, lateral branching was stronger and determined whole-plant architecture and plant function with regard to light interception and biomass production, compared with seedling-tuber-grown plants. This different role of branching indicates that a difference in preference between clonal and sexual reproduction might exist. The divergent branching behaviours in true-seed-grown and seedling-tuber-grown plants might be regulated by the different intensity of apical dominance, which suggests that the control of branching can depend on the propagule type.
Altered spread of waves of activities at large scale is influenced by cortical thickness organization in temporal lobe epilepsy: a magnetic resonance imaging–high-density electroencephalography study
Authors: Duma Gian Marco , Pellegrino Giovanni , Rabuffo Giovanni , Danieli Alberto , Antoniazzi Lisa , Vitale Valerio , Scotto Opipari Raffaella , Bonanni Paolo , Sorrentino Pierpaolo
Published: December 2023

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a brain network disorder characterized by alterations at both the structural and the functional levels. It remains unclear how structure and function are related and whether this has any clinical relevance. In the present work, we adopted a novel methodological approach investigating how network structural features influence the large-scale dynamics. The functional network was defined by the spatio-temporal spreading of aperiodic bursts of activations (neuronal avalanches), as observed utilizing high-density electroencephalography in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The structural network was modelled as the region-based thickness covariance. Loosely speaking, we quantified the similarity of the cortical thickness of any two brain regions, both across groups and at the individual level, the latter utilizing a novel approach to define the subject-wise structural covariance network. In order to compare the structural and functional networks (at the nodal level), we studied the correlation between the probability that a wave of activity would propagate from a source to a target region and the similarity of the source region thickness as compared with other target brain regions. Building on the recent evidence that large-waves of activities pathologically spread through the epileptogenic network in temporal lobe epilepsy, also during resting state, we hypothesize that the structural cortical organization might influence such altered spatio-temporal dynamics. We observed a stable cluster of structure–function correlation in the bilateral limbic areas across subjects, highlighting group-specific features for left, right and bilateral temporal epilepsy. The involvement of contralateral areas was observed in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. We showed that in temporal lobe epilepsy, alterations of structural and functional networks pair in the regions where seizures propagate and are linked to disease severity. In this study, we leveraged on a well-defined model of neurological disease and pushed forward personalization approaches potentially useful in clinical practice. Finally, the methods developed here could be exploited to investigate the relationship between structure–function networks at subject level in other neurological conditions.
Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in Immunization Rates Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Waclawik Gabrielle , Browning Keely , Urmat Aijan , Schell Trevor L , Smith Ryan , Huerta Antonio , Hipp Lauren , Dave Sonya , Shah Neemit , Dillon Kayla E , Reiter-Schreurs Katelyn , Russ Rachel K , Mailig Miguel A , Osman Fauzia , Farraye Francis A , Weiss Jennifer , Hayney Mary S , Caldera Freddy
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the treatment of IBD. These disparities exist in adult vaccine uptake among the general population and may extend to patients with IBD. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether racial, ethnic, or geographic disparities existed in influenza vaccine uptake among patients with IBD.

Methods

We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study evaluating adult vaccine uptake among patients with IBD seen at two tertiary referral centers between September 2019 and February 2020. The primary outcome was to determine if racial/ethnic and geographic disparities existed in influenza vaccine uptake for the two prior seasons. Our secondary outcomes were to determine if disparities existed for pneumococcal, zoster, or hepatitis B vaccines.

Results

Among the 2453 patients who met the inclusion criteria, most identified as non-Hispanic White (89.9%), were on immunosuppressive therapy (74.5%), and received the influenza vaccine in both seasons (56.0%). Older age (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.98-0.99; P < .001) and non-Hispanic White patients (PR 0.76, 95%CI 0.59–0.98, P < 0.03) were significantly more likely to be immunized. Black patients (PR 1.37; 95%CI 1.18–1.59; P < .001) and those living in underserved geographic areas (PR 1.35; 95%CI 1.17–1.56; P < 0.001) were less likely to be immunized. Racial/ethnic and geographic disparities were identified for pneumococcal, zoster, and hepatitis B vaccine uptake.

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic vaccination uptake disparities exist among patients with IBD; patients from medically underserved areas are also vulnerable to these disparities Studies identifying patient, provider, and system-level opportunities to address these disparities are needed.
Mechanical instability of heavy column with rotational spring
Authors: Kanahama Tohya , Chalermsin Carol Lee , Sato Motohiro
Published: December 2023

In previous research on the mechanical instability of trees based on mechanical theory, wild tree has been modeled as a cantilever which was perfectly attached to the ground. However, experimental research has identified two failure modes, including root turnover and self-buckling of the trunk. This suggests that the imperfect fixation caused by root-soil interaction must be considered when discussing tree stability. The purpose of this study is to clarify the self-buckling characteristics of wild trees considering soil instability. To account for the resistance moment caused by the interaction between the root and soil, trees as cantilevers fixed to the ground by a rotational spring were modeled. In this model, the self-buckling problem was formulated considering the rotational rigidity of the spring, and the formula derived for the critical height and buckling mode. As a result, the formula for critical height considering rotational rigidity was obtained, and it was found that the buckling modes can be classified into the rigid-body mode and beam mode based on the rotational rigidity. By comparing this result with the statistical law based on the measurement of real trees reported in previous research, it was determined that real trees were designed based on beam mode. This suggests that the wild tree skillfully balances the moment of resistance caused by the interaction between the root and soil to prevent “uprooting,” which is extremely fatal for trees. Moreover, it was also found that the safety factor of trees for self-buckling is ensured enough to prevent the beam mode.
Nanoparticles separation by different conditions at asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation
Authors: Chiang C L , Yeh J A , Yeh C W
Published: December 2023

As semiconductor manufacturing enters the era of sub-10 nm and 3D stacking, “cleanliness” in the process becomes a crucial factor for process yield. The measurement of nanoparticle concentration, size, and shape in various solutions that may cause contamination during the manufacturing process is currently an important research topic. Although there are various nanoparticle measurement techniques available, further technological development and breakthroughs are still needed for measuring low concentrations and complex mixtures of nanoparticles. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to address the measurement challenges posed by mixed particles by applying asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation in combination with dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet. The strategy involved separating the samples before measurement. For a nanomixture containing five different sizes of gold nanoparticles with diameters of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 nm, three different methods were employed to control the driving force for particle separation during the elution stage: constant cross flow rate, linearly decreasing cross flow rate, and exponentially decreasing cross flow rate. The results demonstrated that different flow rate control methods indeed yielded variations in nanoparticle separation, with the constant flow rate method showing the best separation efficiency. Additionally, it was observed that the thickness of the experimental chamber played a significant role in affecting the retention time of the nanoparticles during separation.
Incidental multifocal granular cell tumor in the setting of chronic gastritis discovered following gastric sleeve operation: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Kent Thomas , Saulino David
Published: December 2023

Granular cell tumors are uncommon neoplasms of Schwannian origin that can present nearly anywhere in the body, but are most commonly seen in the head and neck region. While the majority of these tumors are benign, a subset can behave aggressively and even have metastatic potential. We are reporting a case of a 35-year-old female with a history morbid obesity presenting for bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy). Upon receiving the specimen in pathology, nodular vaguely defined lesions were identified in the gastric wall. Representative sections were submitted for microscopic examination, which revealed the incidental finding of a multifocal granular cell tumor with a background of chronic gastritis. The patient has not had any regional recurrences or metastasis in the past 2 years following the procedure.
Rebound and steep increase of international travel after the COVID-19 pandemic: where are we going from here?
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alexia , Fehr Jan
Published: December 2023

The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 caused an unprecedented drop in air travel. Recovery was influenced by infection waves and different infection control measures. International travel entered a rebound phase in 2022, with more growth forecasted. Now it seems the time to reframe tourism linked to flights and considering planetary health aspects.
Energy distribution and substructure formation in astrophysical MHD simulations
Authors: Kayanikhoo Fatemeh , Čemeljić Miljenko , Wielgus Maciek , Kluźniak Włodek
Published: December 2023

During substructure formation in magnetized astrophysical plasma, dissipation of magnetic energy facilitated by magnetic reconnection affects the system dynamics by heating and accelerating the ejected plasmoids. Numerical simulations are a crucial tool for investigating such systems. In astrophysical simulations, the energy dissipation, reconnection rate, and substructure formation critically depend on the onset of reconnection of numerical or physical origin. In this paper, we hope to assess the reliability of the state-of-the-art numerical codes, pluto and koral by quantifying and discussing the impact of dimensionality, resolution, and code accuracy on magnetic energy dissipation, reconnection rate, and substructure formation. We quantitatively compare results obtained with relativistic and non-relativistic, resistive and non-resistive, as well as two- and three-dimensional set-ups performing the Orszag–Tang test problem. We find sufficient resolution in each model, for which numerical error is negligible and the resolution does not significantly affect the magnetic energy dissipation and reconnection rate. The non-relativistic simulations show that at sufficient resolution, magnetic and kinetic energies convert to internal energy and heat the plasma. In the relativistic system, energy components undergo mutual conversion during the simulation time, which leads to a substantial increase in magnetic energy at 20 per cent and 90 per cent of the total simulation time of 10 light-crossing times – the magnetic field is amplified by a factor of 5 due to relativistic shocks. We also show that the reconnection rate in all our simulations is higher than 0.1, indicating plasmoid-mediated regime. It is shown that in koral simulations more substructures are captured than in pluto simulations.
Impact of untreated and microbially treated equalization tank effluent of textile industry on freshwater fish Channa punctata using haematological, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural analysis
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Koundal Satish , Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Saini Harvinder Singh
Published: December 2023

The unregulated expulsion of untreated or partially treated industrial effluents poses serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, in the present study fish Channa punctata were exposed to untreated and microbially treated equalization tank effluent of textile industry and toxicity studies were carried out for 45 days. The study was planned to analyze the toxicity proffered by textile effluents through haematological, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural analysis in blood, liver and gill tissues of fish. While comparing untreated and microbially treated effluent exposed groups haematological parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less in the untreated effluent exposed group whereas White blood cell count was highly escalated. However, in the microbially treated groups, the alterations were less severe. Increased malondialdehyde content indicating oxidative stress, reduced Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showing a weakened antioxidant defence system and increased glutathione activity was also perceived in untreated effluent exposed groups in comparison to microbially treated groups. Histopathological alterations in gill (telangiectasia, lamellae fusion, breakage, vacuolization and bending of lamellae) and liver (sinusoid dilations, fusion, necrosis and congestion) were more pronounced and severe in the untreated effluent exposed group as compared to microbially treated group. The results observed in histopathology were further reaffirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The study clearly highlights less alterations and deformities in microbially treated effluent groups in comparison to untreated effluent groups. These findings, therefore, necessitate the search for more effective microbial inocula for the better treatment of effluents in order to protect the aquatic life as well as human beings.

Highlights
The Effects of COVID-19 on First-Generation College Nursing Students
Authors: Austin Heather M.
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on nursing education and nursing students needs to be explored. The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a difference in comprehensive predictor scores for first-generation college nursing students compared to non-first-generation students before and during the pandemic. This quantitative comparative study showed no statistically significant difference in scores for these two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in scores for first-generation nursing students compared to non-first-generation students regardless of time frame.
Just Another Patient? Student Reflections on Providing Mental Health Care to Transgender and Gender Expansive People During Simulated Encounters
Authors: Schwindt Rhonda G. , Posey Laurie , Zhou Qiuping , Birch Kara
Published: December 2023

AIM

This study analyzed psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) students’ reflections following a virtual simulated encounter with a patient who identified as transgender or gender expansive (TGE).

BACKGROUND

To reduce mental health disparities, PMHNP students must be prepared to deliver affirming care. Engaging in and reflecting on simulated encounters with standardized patients can improve PMHNP students’ affirming care competency.

METHOD

A thematic analysis process was used to analyze student reflections during simulation debriefings.

RESULTS

Five themes emerged: application of affirming care principles, recognizing minority stressors, treating all patients the same, desire to learn more, and valuing authentic practice.

CONCLUSION

PMHNP students’ reflections on the experience of providing care to a standardized patient who identified as TGE support the use of virtual simulations to prepare future providers to deliver affirming, person-centered care.
Pre-eclampsia Screening in Denmark (PRESIDE): National Validation Study
Authors: Riishede I. , Rode L. , Sperling L. , Overgaard M. , Ravn J. D. , Sandager P. , Skov H. , Wagner S. R. , Nørgaard P. , Clausen T. D. , Jensen C. A. Juel , Pihl K. , Jørgensen F. S. , Munk J. K. , Zingenberg H. J. , Pedersen N. G. , Andersen M. R. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Tabor A. , Ekelund C. K.
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023;61:682–690)

Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant obstetrical and perinatal problem, affecting 2% to 8% of all pregnancies. Research has shown some treatments are effective for reducing the incidence of PE when started early in pregnancy and when risk factors for PE have been identified.
The Impact of a Universal Late Third-Trimester Scan for Fetal Growth Restriction on Perinatal Outcomes in Term Singleton Births: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aderoba Adeniyi Kolade , Ioannou Christos , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Quigley Maria A. , Cavallaro Angelo , Impey Lawrence ,   Oxford Growth Restriction Identification Programme (OxGRIP) Group
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from BJOG 2023;130:791–802)

Although perinatal morbidity and mortality remain a significant concern among all populations, there are still few effective methods available to either identify risks or intervene to improve outcomes. Implementing a universal third-trimester ultrasound has been shown to increase the identification of infants whose growth is less than the 10th percentile, but also shown to not functionally improve outcomes related to stillbirth or fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Remote Patient Monitoring for Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Is Associated With Improved Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Kantorowska Agata , Cohen Koral , Oberlander Maxwell , Jaysing Anna R. , Akerman Meredith B. , Wise Anne-Marie , Mann Devin M. , Testa Paul A. , Chavez Martin R. , Vintzileos Anthony M. , Heo Hye J.
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;228:726.e1–726.e11)

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a type of telehealth that enables the remote management of patients' health in real time and between office visits. In pregnant patients, studies on the use of telehealth technologies, such as RPM or smartphone-based feedback, to manage diabetes mellitus (DM) have been limited. Some studies have shown that telehealth technologies are not worse than standard management.
Association of Infertility With Type and Timing of Menopause: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Scime Natalie V. , Brown Hilary K. , Shea Alison K. , Brennand Erin A.
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2023;38(9):1843–1852)

Up to 25% of women experience infertility in their lifetime, with a variety of possible causes including dysfunction in the endocrine system, immune system, or reproductive anatomic structures. Research has found that infertility is associated with propensity for poor health outcomes later in life, including reproductive cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale to Assess Marionette Lines
Authors: Kefalas Nicola , Ruiz del Cueto Sofía , Urdiales-Gálvez Fernando , Barry Laurence , Gritti Alessandro , Marchac Alexandre , Lim Maria , de la Guardia Carola , Kerson Graeme , Silberberg Michael
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of marionette lines before and after treatment in clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the development and validation of a 5-point photonumeric marionette lines scale.

METHODS

The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, and real and morphed subject images for each scale grade. Intrarater and interrater reliability was evaluated in initial scale validation (web-based review) (N = 51) and live-subject validation (N = 75) studies, each completed during 2 sessions.

RESULTS

In the initial scale validation study, intrarater agreement for 2 physician raters was near perfect (weighted kappa = 0.92 and 0.94). Interrater agreement was excellent during sessions 1 and 2 (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.94 and 0.95, respectively). In the live-subject validation study, intrarater agreement for 3 physician raters showed a strong correlation (mean weighted kappa = 0.77). Interrater agreement was high during live-subject validation sessions 1 and 2 (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.89 for both sessions).

CONCLUSION

This new marionette lines scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of marionette line severity.
Association between prenatal and childhood PM2.5 exposure and preadolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms
Authors: McGuinn Laura A. , Gutiérrez-Avila Iván , Rosa Maria José , Just Allan , Coull Brent , Kloog Itai , Ortiz Marcela Tamayo , Harari Homero , Martinez Sandra , Osorio-Valencia Erika , Téllez-Rojo Martha Maria , Klein Daniel N. , Wright Rosalind J. , Wright Robert O.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to anxiety and depression in adults; however, there is limited research in the younger populations, in which symptoms often first arise.

Methods:

We examined the association between early-life PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a cohort of 8–11-year-olds in Mexico City. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and Children’s Depression Inventory. Daily PM2.5 was estimated using a satellite-based exposure model and averaged over several early and recent exposure windows. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in symptoms with each 5-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Models were adjusted for child’s age, child’s sex, maternal age, maternal socioeconomic status, season of conception, and temperature.

Results:

Average anxiety and depressive symptom T-scores were 51.0 (range 33–73) and 53.4 (range 44–90), respectively. We observed consistent findings for exposures around the fourth year of life, as this was present for both continuous and dichotomized anxiety symptoms, in both independent exposure models and distributed lag modeling approaches. This window was also observed for elevated depressive symptoms. An additional consistent finding was for PM2.5 exposure during early pregnancy in relation to both clinically elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms, this was seen in both traditional and distributed lag modeling approaches.

Conclusion:

Both early life and recent PM2.5 exposure were associated with higher mental health symptoms in the child highlighting the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of these conditions.
Mpox Knowledge and Vaccine Willingness Among a Representative Analysis of Adults in Pennsylvania
Authors: Pinto Casey N. , Risher Kathryn A. , Calo William A. , Kraschnewski Jennifer L. , Heilbrunn Emily , Paules Catharine I.
Published: December 2023

Background

Little has been reported about mpox knowledge and vaccine willingness. We sought to collect timely data on mpox knowledge, perceived risk, and vaccine willingness among a representative sample of Pennsylvania adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in September 2022. Four survey items were included to assess the population's knowledge and risk awareness surrounding the current mpox outbreak, and vaccine willingness if at risk for mpox. Data analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regressions.

Results

Among 1039 survey respondents, few reported “no knowledge of mpox symptoms” (14.2%) or transmission modalities (12.5%). Those who perceived themselves at moderate/high risk were more likely to report knowing mpox symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.12) vs no risk. Men who have sex with men were more likely to know that mpox can mimic a sexually transmitted infection (aOR = 3.125), less likely to report not knowing any modes of transmission (aOR = 0.17), and more willing to be vaccinated (aOR = 4.35) than women who have sex with men. Self-perceived mpox risk was associated with willingness to get vaccinated (aOR low risk vs no risk = 3.45 [2.42–4.92], aOR moderate/high risk vs no risk = 9.93 [5.81–16.99]).

Conclusions

Knowledge of mpox symptoms and transmission is strong in Pennsylvania, specifically among high-risk groups, but lacks a nuanced understanding specific to the current outbreak. Willingness to receive an mpox vaccine is highest in men who have sex with men and those that perceive themselves to be at highest risk. These findings highlight the need for more education on symptoms of the current outbreak and research on impact of the education on vaccine hesitancy.
Family-Centered Care Across Thai Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Vetcho Siriporn , Cooke Marie , Petsky Helen , Saito Amornrat , Ullman Amanda J.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Implementing family-centered care (FCC) presents challenges to parental-healthcare provider partnership and collaboration in newborn care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Aims:

To explore NICU nurses' perceptions of FCC (respect, collaboration, and support) during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these between nurses working in secondary and tertiary/higher care settings.

Methods:

A multicenter, cross-sectional exploratory online survey design study was conducted to identify Thai NICU nurses' perceptions. The online survey of the Perceptions of Family-Centered Care—Staff (PFCC-S) was distributed via a Web page and professional networks between July and September 2022.

Results:

Of the 187 survey respondents, most NICU nurses worked in the NICU for less than 16 years and were employed in tertiary care/higher care settings in southern Thailand. There was a significant difference in perceptions of support subscale between NICU nurses in secondary (mean: 3.32, SD ± 0.53) and tertiary/higher care settings (mean: 3.17, SD ± 0.46) (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Despite the challenges of the visitation restriction of COVID-19 in Thailand, nurses' perceptions of the value of FCC were maintained.

Relevance to Clinical Practice:

Further research is recommended to investigate how FCC can be implemented where there is a lack of material and infrastructure resources and staff shortage.
Psychotherapy training in Brazil: Experiences of psychiatric trainees and early career psychiatrists
Authors: Belinati Loureiro Vinicius , Ratzke Roberto , Nogueira Dutra Júlio Cesar , Mesadri Gewehr Douglas , Cantilino Amaury , Pinto da Costa Mariana
Published: December 2023

Understanding and skills in psychotherapy are fundamental aspects of clinical psychiatry practice. Learning about psychotherapy during the training of psychiatrists offers solid opportunities for developing high standards of psychiatric practice and providing better outcomes for patients. However, little is known about the extent that psychotherapy training is available to psychiatrists in America. This study aimed to analyze the status of psychotherapy training in Brazil through the experiences of early-career psychiatrists. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted between July and November 2021. A 16-item questionnaire was used to investigate: the quality of psychotherapy training; the organizational aspects of psychotherapy training; and satisfaction with training in psychotherapy. The majority of participants reported having mandatory training in psychotherapy, mainly in cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy. However, only had some practical experience with psychotherapy training. This study highlights the frequent use of psychotherapy training among Brazilian early career psychiatrists. The consensus on the necessity of mandatory psychotherapy training underscores its importance in shaping psychiatric practice. While participants express satisfaction with psychotherapy supervision, the financial burden for advanced training raises concerns. These findings advocate for the improvement of the quality of psychotherapy training in Brazil.
Mechanism of Huaiqihuang in treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiment
Authors: Wang Junwei , Ma Guiqiao , Zhang Peipei , Ma Chaojing , Shao Jing , Wang Liping , Ma Chanjuan
Published: December 2023

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the active components, key targets, and potential molecular mechanisms Huaiqihuang (HQH) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments.

Methods:

The active components and potential targets of HQH were obtained from the TCMSP and HERB databases. The potential targets of DKD were obtained from the GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD databases. Protein interaction relationships were obtained from the STRING database, and a protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed using the Metascape database. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock software to verify the binding between key compounds and core target genes. In vitro experiments were conducted using human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and various methods, such as CCK8, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot, to evaluate the effects of HQH on inflammatory factors, key targets, and pathways.

Results:

A total of 48 active ingredients, 168 potential targets of HQH, and 1073 potential targets of DKD were obtained. A total of 118 potential targets, 438 biological processes, and 187 signal pathways were identified for the treatment of DKD. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that HQH may exert its therapeutic effects on DKD by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that β-sitosterol and baicalein had the highest binding affinity with key targets such as AKT1, IL6, TNF, PTGS2, IL1B, and CASP3, suggesting that they may be the most effective active ingredients of HQH in the treatment of DKD. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that HQH could enhance the viability of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells inhibited by high glucose, decrease the levels of AKT1, TNF, IL6, PTGS2, IL1B, and CASP3, reduce the expression of NF-κB-P65 (P < .01), inhibit NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation, and decrease chemokine expression (P < .01).

Conclusion:

HQH may exert its therapeutic effects on DKD by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alleviating the high glucose-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells.