bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Cytometric Approach in the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Oskay Halacli Sevil
Published: February 2021

Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs) compose of a large spectrum of diseases characterized by abrogated or dysregulated functions of innate and adaptive immune system components that cause susceptibility to recurrent infections, autoimmunity, neoplasia/malignancy and dysfunction of organs and skeletal system. PIDs are also evaluated as molecular diseases due to the mutations in one or more genes. That affects transcripts and protein expressions as well as their functions. Today, 430 different genes are known to have various functional effects which are related to 403 different PIDs. Analyzing the effects of the mutations on relevant protein expression and function is significant to diagnose and the follow-up of the PIDs. Application of flow cytometry for analyzing protein expression levels and functions in immune cells as well as investigating the cellular functions tender a rapid, quantitative and reliable approach to identify and to prove the genetic background of PIDs. Therefore, the use of flow cytometry aids to have a large spectrum of data from gene to function and from function to clinical relevance in the first-step and differantial diagnosis of PIDs.
Chiral Alkaloid Analysis
Authors: Van Thi Nguyen Ngoc , Ngan Huynh Nguyen Kim , Trung Nguyen Kien , Ho Kim Kyeong , Y. Aboul-Enein Hassan
Published: February 2021

Alkaloids are distributed in plant kingdom and play important role in protection, germination as well as plant growth stimulants. Most of them are chiral compounds and are clinically administered as the racemic mixture, even though its enantiomers have been known to exert different pharmacological activity. Liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases (CSP) proved to be an essential tool with a wide range of applications, including analysis of the stereochemistry of natural compounds. This review gives an overview of chiral separation alkaloids that were used in theoretical studies and/or applications in recent years. It shows the possibilities of polysaccharide CSPs have now also been established as the first-choice of chiral phases for enantiomer separation.
Blood Flow Restriction Training in Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Authors: Angelopoulos Pavlos , Mylonas Konstantinos , Tsigkas Grigorios , Tsepis Elias , Billis Evdokia , Fousekis Konstantinos
Published: February 2021

Over the past two decades, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has gained popularity not only in athletic performance training, but also with many researchers and physical therapists as an innovative rehabilitation tool. Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is a novel exercise modality in clinical settings, which induces muscle hypertrophy and increases strength with low to moderate training intensity through increased anabolic processes mediated by BFR (usually with cuff inflation). BFR limits arterial and venous blood flow and leads to blood pooling, which could increase the effects of exercise-induced training. Strength training at lower intensities (20–40% of maximum strength) in combination with BFR showed similar effects on muscle hypertrophy as training at 70% strength level without BFR. In this context, considering that periods of immobilization (or reduced functionality) due to pathology, injury, or surgery cause harmful effects on muscle mass and strength in both young and old people, muscular adaptations of occlusion exercise could be beneficial to the elderly and post-operative patients in rehabilitation regarding muscle regeneration. Furthermore, as this type of exercise does not require high loads, it might be a feasible method in cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, this chapter aims to review all recent literature regarding the impact of low-load BFR resistance training in patients with cardiovascular pathologies on muscle strength and hypertrophy, vascular function, safety, cardiovascular responses, and inflammatory markers.
Parasitic Motion Principle (PMP) Piezoelectric Actuators: Definition and Recent Developments
Authors: Zhang Lin , Huang Hu
Published: February 2021

Stepping piezoelectric actuators have achieved significant improvements to satisfy the urgent demands on precision positioning with the capability of long working stroke, high accuracy and micro/nano-scale resolution, coupled with the merits of fast response and high stiffness. Among them, inchworm type, friction-inertia type, and parasitic type are three main types of stepping piezoelectric actuators. This chapter is aimed to introduce the basic definition and typical features of the parasitic motion principle (PMP), followed by summarizing the recent developments and achievements of PMP piezoelectric actuators. The emphasis of this chapter includes three key points, the structural optimization, output characteristic analysis and performance enhancement. Finally, the current existing issues and some potential research topics in the future are discussed. It is expected that this chapter can assist relevant researchers to understand the basic principle and recent development of PMP piezoelectric actuators.
Reliability and Problems of Wastewater Treatment Processes in the Algerian Sahara
Authors: Zegait Rachid , Kouadri Saber , Kateb Samir , Azlaoui Mohamed
Published: February 2021

This modest chapter deals more particularly with the reliability and the problems of the different processes used at the level of several treatment plants installed in the Algerian Sahara with the aim of eliminating the nuisances and the risks of contamination in the urbanized areas, protecting the receiving environment and water resources, the possibility of reusing treated effluents for irrigation. Through an evaluation of the performance of these stations after years of operation which confronted with climates such as the high temperature and evaporation and the impact of the sand winds on the efficiency of the basin, technical and anthropic problems such as the salinity and mismanagement of the waters on the other hand.
Periodontal Medicine: Impact of Periodontal Status on Pregnancy Outcomes and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Valentina Caracostea Gabriela , Bucur Alexandru , Cristina Micu Iulia , Soanca Andrada , Ciurea Andreea , Objelean Adriana , Gabriela Delean Ada , Violeta Ionescu Corina , Marcel Chisnoiu Radu , Negucioiu Marius , Viorel Ciurea Mircea , Alexandru Termure Dragos , Roman Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Periodontal medicine is a broad term commonly used to define the relationship between periodontitis and systemic health. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, chronic multifactorial infectious disease, induced by the dysbiotic biofilm that triggers a persistent systemic inflammation and recurrent bacteremia. There is a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests the potential implication of periodontitis in the causation and progression of various systemic disease and conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cancer. Some studies consider periodontitis as an independent risk factor for preterm birth, growth restriction, low birth-weight and pre-eclampsia. However not all studies support the association. Despite sparse scientific data, some studies indicate that individuals with periodontitis are at increased risk for cancer development, due to the increased inflammatory burden sustained by the presence of periodontal pathogens. This chapter emphasis the relationship between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the underlying mechanisms that link peridontitis to oral carcinogenesis.
Treatment Approach in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Delik Anıl , Ülger Yakup
Published: February 2021

Chronic liver disease and decompensated cirrhosis are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. According to current data, deaths due to liver cirrhosis constitute 2.4% of the total deaths worldwide. Cirrhosis is characterized by hepatocellular damage that leads to fibrosis and regenerative nodules in the liver. The most common causes of cirrhosis include alcohol consumption, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dysbiosis and intestinal bacterial overgrowth play a role in the development of complications of cirrhosis through translocation. In liver cirrhosis, ascites, gastrointestinal variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis infection, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatocelluler carcinoma are the most common complications. In addition, there are refractory ascites, hyponatremia, acute on-chronic liver failure, relative adrenal insufficiency, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. In the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, non-selective beta blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation are recommended for medium and large variceal veins. In current medical treatment, vasoactive agents, antibiotics, blood transfusion, endoscopic band ligation are the standard approach in the treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Sodium-restricted diet, diuretics and large-volume paracentesis are recommended in the management of ascites. In the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose, branched chain amino acids, rifaximin and L-ornithine L-aspartate can be used. New therapeutic approaches such as ornithine phenyl acetate spherical carbon and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown beneficial effects on hepatic encephalopathy symptoms. In addition to their antioxidative, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, statins have been shown to reduce the risk of decompensation and death by reducing portal pressure in compensated cirrhosis. In the treatment of liver failure, some artificial liver devices such as molecular adsorbent recirculating system, the single albumin dialysis system, fractionated plasma separation and adsorption are used until transplantation or regeneration. The purpose of this chapter is to review the most up-to-date information on liver cirrhosis and to explain the complications assessment, current management and potential treatment strategies in decompensated cirrhosis.
Lean and Kaizen: The Past and the Future of the Methodologies
Authors: Ismyrlis Vasileios
Published: February 2021

Lean and Kaizen improvement methodologies have been in the entrepreneurship spotlight for a long time. They can be adopted by any kind of enterprise, and they succeed in producing better long-term results, improving their performance, but most important, influencing the philosophy of the organizations implemented. In this research, many case studies and success stories of companies implementing Kaizen or/and Lean methodologies, or even the new Lean Kaizen methodology, will be introduced. We attempt to evaluate the performance of Lean and Kaizen implemented companies and distinguish the elements that made the difference. Maybe, it is some specific tool, or an aspect in the culture that was enhanced, since the implementation of these business process improvement methodologies. Finally, thoughts and estimations will be presented, regarding the future of these methodologies, in the unstable and rapidly changing economic environment.
Sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informação geográfica aplicados à análise espaço temporal de degradação ambiental
Authors: Aragão Keviane Pereira , Moraes Neto João Miguel de , Lima Sabrina Cordeiro de , Pedroza Juarez Paz
Published: February 2021

A expansão urbana desordenada e sem fiscalização, vem ocasionando degradação ambiental ao longo da alça sudoeste da cidade de Campina Grande-PB, devido à remoção da vegetação nativa e a retirada de solo para a construção civil. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar a degradação ambiental no entorno da alça sudoeste, incorporando técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas. Foi realizado o estudo espaço temporal da degradação ambiental em toda área de estudo com base nas imagens do satélite Landsat-5 para os anos de 1989 e 2007 e satélite Landsat-8 para o ano de 2017, analisando-se a dinâmica da degradação ocorrida na área ao longo desses anos. Realizou-se trabalho de campo com uso de GPS para identificação de pontos de controle para averiguação do estado de degradação da área de controle e posterior georreferenciamento. Os resultados foram apresentados em forma de mapas digitais gerados a partir do georreferenciamento e do tratamento digital das imagens Landsat-5 e Landsat-8. Constatou-se que, durante os 28 anos analisados houve uma explosão imobiliária significativa na região. A cobertura vegetal teve um declínio bastante acentuado, representados principalmente, pela expansão urbana ao longo da alça sudoeste. O índice mais preocupante é o nível de degradação grave que, passou de 34,72 km² para 89,27 km² no período de 28 anos.
Agricultura familiar, desafios e oportunidades da Cooptarumã nas comunidades do Tarumã-Açu, Manaus, AM
Authors: Silva Lindomar de Jesus de Sousa , Meneghetti Gilmar Antonio , Pinheiro José Olenilson Costa , Santos Alessandro Carvalho dos , Fonseca Antônio Irailton Hipólito da , Ossame Adelyane Lobato
Published: February 2021

O artigo é o resultado da pesquisa com associados da Cooperativa Agroindustrial dos Produtores das Comunidades Novo Paraíso e Frederico Veiga do Tarumã-Açu (Cooptarumã), Manaus, AM. A pesquisa faz uma análise do processo de urbanização da cidade de Manaus, da dinâmica do espaço rural do município, dos sistemas de cultivo e de geração de renda dos associados, bem como analisa os desafios e as oportunidades para os agricultores e para a cooperativa no mundo rural manauara. Para alcançar os objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em artigos, documentos e outras fontes de informação sobre o processo de urbanização, a relação entre urbano e rural e a dinâmica econômica, da qual resultou a Manaus atual (2020). Realizaram-se entrevistas com os agricultores associados da cooperativa nas duas comunidades. Entre os desafios para a cooperativa e agricultores podemos citar a dificuldade de acesso às tecnologias e políticas públicas de assistência técnica e extensão rural, de crédito, regularização fundiária, a organização da produção dos associados, a agregação de valor dos produtos e a viabilização do acesso aos mercados. Entender as transformações do meio rural para convertê-las em oportunidades, para a cooperativa e agricultores, é outro desafio que permite organizar um conjunto de produtos e serviços para a geração de renda não agrícola. Como oportunidades constata-se o imenso mercado consumidor de Manaus, a possibilidade de formar redes de produtores e consumidores, além do potencial de gerar renda a partir de atividades não agrícolas.
Avaliação de extratos vegetais da flora nordestina no controle no controle da Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, 1819
Authors: Oliveira Vitor Leony Pereira , Dias Geovani Gonçalves , Soares Thayanne Nicolly Araújo , Souza Roberto Santos , Santos Carlos Alberto Batista
Published: February 2021

O milho Zea mays L. é uma cultura rústica do trópico semiárido, úmido e subúmido, sendo cultivada principalmente por pequenos agricultores nas regiões nordeste e norte do país onde consistem de fontes de proteína e carboidratos vegetais para a população, e alternativas sociais e econômicas de suprimento alimentar e geração de emprego, especialmente para as populações rurais. Dentre os fatores limitantes ao seu cultivo destacam-se as pragas e, dentre estas, a traça dos cereais Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Este trabalho visa avaliar a atividade inseticida de extratos vegetais obtidos de plantas da flora nordestina no controle da Traça dos cereais em condições de laboratório. Adultos de Sitotroga cerealella foram coletadas, em armazéns de cereais com ocorrência da espécie. Os testes foram aplicados na concentração inicial 0% (controle) a 100% ml de extratos. Os extratos que apresentarem uma taxa de mortalidade ³50%, foram conduzidos a bioensaios com 4 repetições sendo cada uma delas formadas por um lote de 5 insetos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. A Aroeira, o Mastruz, o Melão de São Caetano e a Pata de vaca obtiveram melhor desempenho nas concentrações de 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% no controle de S. cerealella. Para estas espécies recomendamos o uso de extratos em concentrações de 25% por terem letalidade máxima e custo menor. As plantas mostraram um elevado poder inseticida superior a 60 % de taxa de mortalidade da traça dos cereais em baixas concentrações, exceto para a erva cidreira e jurema preta. Assim as plantas selecionadas podem ser utilizadas para a obtenção de inseticidas naturais ou para o isolamento dos princípios ativos que permitam a síntese de novos produtos fitossanitários.
Qualidade ambiental e comportamento de uso e ocupação do Delta do Parnaíba
Authors: Maciel Ana Carla Ribeiro , Costa Tancio Gutier Ailan , Toledo Cristian Epifânio de , Rocha Israel Lobato , Sousa Mauro César de Brito , Abreu Lizandro Pereira de , Nascimento Bruno Lucio Meneses , Iwata Bruna de Freitas
Published: February 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado de conservação do delta do Parnaíba por meio de análise da cobertura vegetal utilizando as técnicas e as ferramentas do geoprocessamento. O Delta do Rio Parnaíba localiza-se ao Norte do Piauí na divisa do Estado do Maranhão, na foz do rio Parnaíba. Para avaliação do índice de conservação da cobertura vegetal do Delta do Parnaíba foi realizado o levantamento de dados secundários e confeccionados mapas da área de estudo para verificação dos índices de cobertura vegetal (NDVI). A pressão antrópica nessas áreas tem gerado um 'efeito cascata' para a redução da vegetação, tendo em vista que a supressão da vegetação em áreas antes adensadas reduz a estabilidade dessas áreas. Além da perda da vegetação com o desflorestamento, o processo natural de deslocamento dos sedimentos dunários também pode vir a contribuir em parte na redução da vegetação. Além disso, a qualidade ambiental da APA tem sido comprometida pelo não cumprimento das normas adotadas pelo plano de manejo da unidade, o que promove o aumento da vulnerabilidade dessas áreas, que naturalmente já oferecem instabilidade ambiental por suas condições estruturais e ecodinâmicas.
Estudo da avifauna de cinco áreas úmidas, nos campos de cima da serra, município de São Francisco de Paula/RS, Brasil
Authors: Menezes Marcelo Luiz Marques , Duarte Marcelo Maisonette
Published: February 2021

Áreas úmidas são ecossistemas importantes para alimentação, reprodução, nidificação bem como para o abrigo e repouso de muitas aves, além de outros organismos de grande importância para a manutenção e equilíbrio do ecossistema. Logo, muitas destas áreas são consideradas como prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade. Tendo em vista essa importância, este trabalho foi realizado em cinco áreas úmidas com extensão e grau de interferência antrópicas distintas na Região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, no município de São Francisco de Paula, RS. O objetivo foi determinar a riqueza e a abundância relativa das aves nestas áreas. O levantamento ocorreu entre setembro de 2018 e setembro de 2019. As aves nas áreas úmidas foram quantificadas através do método de pontos fixos. Os aspectos antrópicos e dados biológicos foram observados em campo a cada expedição, a fim de se averiguar a influência destes fatores sobre a riqueza e abundância. Para análise da estrutura avifaunística, foram avaliadas a riqueza observada e a abundância relativa. Foram registradas 83 espécies distribuídas em 29 famílias. As famílias mais abundantes foram Icteridae, Threskiornithidae e Thraupidae. Destaca-se que nos banhados com vegetações lenhosas, a ocupação por passeriformes foi mais intensa, demonstrando a importância das áreas também para espécies não consideradas aquáticas.  Este estudo afirma a importância na preservação destes habitats e no seu entorno, haja vista a influência que processos como queimadas, drenagens, usos de agrotóxicos, monoculturas e alterações na paisagem inferem sobre a riqueza e abundância de espécies. Os resultados observados neste estudo servem como instrumentos para o manejo e conservação das áreas úmidas e preservação de espécies da avifauna nos Campos de Cima da Serra, bem como levantam a necessidade de valorização destas áreas, controle das pressões antrópicas, criação de zonas de amortecimento e incentivar o turismo de observação de aves 'Birdwatching' como forma de difundir e proporcionar o conhecimento da avifauna regional e assim preservar e conservar as mesmas de impactos antrópicos, proporcionando conhecimento e atividade de lazer e de fomento social.
Optimization of conditions for the production of laccase by Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel and its application in the bio-treatment of sugar cane vinasse
Authors: Caballero Rosa Elena , Jiménez Víctor , Miranda Mónica , Rovira Dalys , González Pedro , Ramos- Chue de Pérez Juana
Published: February 2021

Se optimizaron condiciones para la producción de lacasa por Trametes villosa mediante la metodología de superficie de respuesta: relación C:N, nivel de Cu+2 (mM) y tiempo de fermentación. El extracto crudo se inoculó en vinaza diluida al 25% y se evaluó el cambio en algunos parámetros de calidad de agua residual. La optimización produjo un aumento en la actividad de lacasa de 2,86 veces con respecto al medio no optimizado. Se observó reducción en los valores de DQO, fenoles y color en la vinaza tratada de 46,33%, 73,98% y 52,87% respectivamente. El pH aumentó de 6,50 a 6,57 y la actividad enzimática mostró un marcado aumento en medio con vinaza. Se confirma la utilidad de la metodología de superficie de respuesta en la optimización de condiciones en procesos de fermentación.

Selected conditions for laccase production by Trametes villosa were optimized by surface response methodology: C:N ratio, Cu+2 level (mM), and fermentation time. The crude extract was inoculated on 25% (v/v) diluted sugarcane vinasse and some residual water quality parameters were evaluated. A 2.86-fold increase in the enzymatic activity was obtained upon optimization. Reduction of COD, phenol and color values on the treated vinasse were 46.33%, 73.98% and 52.87% respectively. pH increased from 6.50 to 6.57 and laccase enzymatic activity in vinasse media increased considerably. The advantage of surface respond methodologies for optimization of fermentation conditions is confirmed.
Den digitale offentligheten i kultur- og bibliotekpolitikken
Authors: Larsen Håkon , Solheim Per Alexander
Published: February 2021

Echo chambers, fake news, filter bubbles and algorithms have been framed as great threats to our contemporary democracies and public spheres. In the Nordic countries, the state plays an active role in sustaining democracy and the public sphere through culture- and knowledge policies. The Norwegian Government have over the last years presented a white paper on overall cultural policy and a library strategy document. Both documents address the effects of digital technology on democracy, and how culture institutions in general and libraries in particular can help sustain our democracies in changing times. In this article, we study these and preceding documents on culture- and library policies. We analyze how they address digital technology and how they see culture- and library policies as providing solutions to digital threats to democracy and the public sphere. Furthermore, we study what notion of democracy and the public sphere are prevalent in Norwegian cultural policies. The results show that the Government view culture as a remedy against a fragmented public sphere, and that libraries play a key role as providers of digital guidance and teaching.
Effect of Financial Literacy on Starting a New Business: Using Survival Analysis to Examine Differences between Older and Younger Entrepreneurs
Authors: Kabo Felichism W.
Published: February 2021

Objective: This paper focuses on financial literacy as an antecedent to entrepreneurial involvement in order to examine and better understand differences between older and younger entrepreneurs. Financial literacy is the ability to apply the knowledge and skills needed to effectively manage financial resources over the life-course and is related to a wide range of economic outcomes.

Methodology: The antecedence of financial literacy with respect to entrepreneurial engagement is examined using novel entrepreneurship data the United States. The study uses three waves (2014, 2016, and 2019) of complex survey data the Understanding America Study (UAS), a nationally representative and probability-based internet panel of households representing roughly 8,500 respondents ages 18 and older, and active since 2014. The data are used to generate survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method, and to run survey linear and Cox proportional hazards regression models outcomes are starting a new business with respect to two time frames: over one’s lifetime, and since 2014.

Results: The results show that there are associations between financial literacy and the rate of starting a new business both over one’s lifetime and since 2014, but only among older adults.

Limitations: The study data were collected using a sample of adults in the United States which may limit the generalizability of the study findings to countries and regions other than the United States.

Practical implications: This paper presents evidence that indicates that financial literacy is correlated with business start-up activities among older adults. This implies that financial literacy programs targeted at older adults may have an appreciable and significant multiplier effect.
Un poema celestinesco en la tradición sefardí moderna
Authors: Armistead Samuel G. , Silverman Joseph
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Symbolic Equivalences in La Celestina: A Postscript
Authors: Deyermond Alan D.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Nota del editor
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Orlando Martínez Miller, La ética judía y LC como alegoría
Authors: Whinnom Keith
Published: February 2021

N/A
Leyendo La Celestina
Authors: Kulin Katalin
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Calisto and Melebea (ca. 1530)
Authors: Geritz Albert J.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
«El falso boezuelo», or the Partridge and the Pantomime Ox
Authors: Severin Dorothy S.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
M. H. Singleton, the Teacher
Authors: Kish Kathleen
Published: February 2021

N/A
Note from the editor
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
A Celestina (poema dedicado a Pablo Fernández Márquez)
Authors: Felipe León
Published: February 2021

N/A
Editor's Notes
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Four Instances of «¡Confessión!» in Celestina
Authors: Eesley Anne
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Juan de la Cueva's Sonnet on Celestina
Authors: Corfis Ivy A.
Published: February 2021

N/A
M. R. Lida de Malkiel's Ur-Celestina (1949)
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Una nueva tesis, un nuevo centro de teatro prelopista, nuevas ediciones y teatralizaciones y nuevas notas bibliográficas
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina in California
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Netflix como objeto de investigación en los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: February 2021

En los últimos meses, algunos investigadores de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación de la UOC nos hemos propuesto aportar nuestro grano de arena al conocimiento sobre el impacto de la actividad de Netflix en el panorama de la industria y los contenidos del audiovisual contemporáneo. En las líneas que siguen compendio las investigaciones emprendidas por el claustro de los estudios sobre distintos aspectos relacionados con el gigante del streaming.
ALMANZORA COMPARTE: Impulsant la cultura de compartir
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: February 2021

El pasado 1 de junio nos volvimos a reunir en la Escuela del Mármol de Fines entusiastas del conocimiento compartido, interesados y curiosos para hablar de su importancia, de lo necesario y de los beneficios que se derivan de su práctica. A la bienvenida institucional asistieron el alcalde del municipio, el presidente de la Mancomunidad de Municipios y la secretaria de la Delegación Territorial de la Junta de Andalucía. Concluidos sus respectivos discursos de recepción, nadie se quería ir. Se quedaron atrapados ante el apasionante diálogo sobre por qué compartir conocimiento que Carlos Merino, profesor de Organización de empresas de la UAM, y Mario Pérez-Montoro, profesor de Documentación y Comunicación Audiovisual de la UB, emprendieron minutos después.
miRNA‐194 predicts favorable prognosis in gastric cancer and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by targeting CCND1
Authors: Wang Jingjie , Zhang Meixin , Hu Xinhui , She Jiajun , Sun Ruonan , Qin Shanshan , Li Dandan
Published: February 2021

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play critical roles in regulating target gene expression and multiple cellular processes in human cancer malignant progression. However, the function of miR‐194 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we identified a series of miRNAs that can serve as prognostic biomarkers for GC by analysis of miRNA expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Among them, miR‐100, miR‐125b, miR‐199a, and miR‐194 were the four most promising prognostic biomarkers in GC due to their significant associations with various clinical characteristics of patients. miR‐100, miR‐125b, and miR‐199a predicted poor prognosis in GC, while miR‐194 predicted favorable prognosis in GC. We also provide the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis of miR‐194 in GC. Our data suggest that miR‐194 tends to regulate target genes by binding to their 3′ UTRs in a 7‐mer‐A1, 7‐mer‐m8, or 8‐mer manner. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the cell cycle was one of the pathways most affected by miR‐194 in GC. Moreover, CCND1 was shown to be a novel target gene of miR‐194 in GC. Additionally, downregulation of CCND1 by miR‐194 in GC further led to cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, miR‐100, miR‐125b, miR‐199a, and miR‐194 may have potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for GC. miR‐194 suppresses GC cell growth mainly through targeting CCND1 and induction of cell cycle arrest.
Hazard Function Modeling
Authors: Kearns Ben
Published: February 2021

A wide variety of outcomes can be characterized by their time of occurrence. The hazard function describes how the instantaneous risk of the event occurring changes over time. Hazard function modeling aids in interpreting this temporal evolution, allows for extrapolations to future time points, and quantifies the impact of covariates. Estimates of survival over time may also be obtained from the hazard function. Formal definitions of the hazard and survival functions are provided, along with details of models that are traditionally used: the exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, gamma, lognormal, and log‐logistic. Limitations of these models are discussed, which motivate the use of models with increased flexibility. These include fractional polynomials, spline‐based models, and dynamic survival models. These models make the assumption that the hazard function is smooth over time. This is a less‐restrictive assumption than those employed by traditional models. Formal definitions are provided for these flexible models, along with a discussion of their strengths and limitations.
A case for improving frail patient outcomes in multiple myeloma with phenotype‐driven personalized medicine
Authors: Reiman Lauren T. , Walker Zachary J. , Babcock Lyndsey R. , Forsberg Peter A. , Mark Tomer M. , Sherbenou Daniel W.
Published: February 2021

The treatment of older persons with cancer is fraught by a delicate balance of targeting the disease while avoiding treatment‐related complications. “Personalized,” or “precision” medicine approaches can ease this problem through more efficacious and less toxic treatments. Multiple myeloma epitomizes the struggle to balance treatment options and their complications, for it is an incurable disease afflicting a predominantly aged population, and treatment is administered on a continuous schedule with little or no breaks. Over the last two decades, advances in drug development have improved outcomes for younger, fit patients, but older, frail patients have not realized the same benefit. This could be related to the benefits of three drug combinations, when frail patients can often tolerate only two drugs at a time. In myeloma, personalized approaches have lagged behind some other malignancies due to its genetic complexity and a paucity of abnormalities with associated targeted therapies. In contrast, the disease is managed with an array of drugs that target phenotypic characteristics common in malignant plasma cells. To address the unmet need for personalized medicine in myeloma, we developed a functional approach by profiling the sensitivity of patients’ myeloma to clinically available drugs. Through this, we observed that receiving at least two effective drugs portended better outcomes, leaving those patients who can only tolerate two drug regimens without room for error. We now describe a frail patient's case and their drug sensitivity profile to illustrate how personalized treatment could have led to an improved disease course. Personalized treatment could provide the greatest survival improvements to older adults with cancers, such as multiple myeloma, through avoiding undertreatment, limiting attrition through subsequent lines of therapy, reducing exposure to ineffective drugs and streamlining the management of relapses. Exploring these avenues is imperative to closing the gap of cancer‐related mortality in older and frail persons.
Emerging Pathogens and a Current Use Pesticide: Potential Impacts on Eastern Hellbenders
Authors: Cusaac J. Patrick W. , Carter Edward Davis , Woodhams Douglas C. , Robert Jacques , Spatz Jennifer A. , Howard Jennifer L. , Lillard Carson , Graham Allison W. , Hill Rachel D. , Reinsch Sherri , McGinnity Dale , Reeves Bill , Bemis David , Wilkes Rebecca P. , Sutton William B. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Hardman Rebecca H. , Miller Debra L. , Gray Matthew J.
Published: February 2021

Populations of the eastern hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis have been declining for decades, and emerging pathogens and pesticides are hypothesized to be contributing factors. However, few empirical studies have attempted to test the potential effects of these factors on hellbenders. We simultaneously exposed subadult hellbenders to environmentally relevant concentrations of either Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) or a frog virus 3 like ranavirus (RV), a combination of the pathogens, or each pathogen following exposure to a glyphosate herbicide (Roundup). Additionally, we measured the ability of the skin mucosome to inactivate Bd and RV in growth assays. We found that mucosome significantly inactivated RV by an average of 40% but had no negative effects on Bd growth. All treatments that included RV exposure experienced reduced survival compared to controls, and the combination of RV and herbicide resulted in 100% mortality. Histopathology verified RV as the cause of mortality in all RV exposed treatments. No animals were infected with Bd or died in the Bd only treatment. Our results suggest that RV exposure may be a significant threat to the survival of subadult hellbenders and that Roundup exposure may potentially exacerbate this threat.
2D Cs2AgBiBr6 with Boosted Light–Matter Interaction for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Fang Feier , Li Henan , Fang Shaofan , Zhou Bo , Huang Fu , Ma Chun , Wan Yi , Jiang Shangchi , Wang Ye , Tian Bingbing , Shi Yumeng
Published: February 2021

Lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has attracted significant research interests for optoelectronic applications because of its nontoxicity, inherent stability, and high detection sensitivity. In this work, the 2D Cs2AgBiBr6 with a thickness of ≈5 nm and lateral length larger than 50 µm is successfully fabricated by a space‐confined method. The fabricated ultra‐thin 2D Cs2AgBiBr6 exhibits significant advantages on photodetection, due to its enhanced light–matter interaction. Remarkably, compared with bulk Cs2AgBiBr6, 2D Cs2AgBiBr6‐based photodetectors exhibit dramatically improved optoelectronic properties including ultra‐high detectivity (D*) of 7.4 × 1014 Jones (more than ten times), photoresponsivity (R) of 54.6 A W−1 (exceeding 4.7 times), an on/off ratio of 7.4 × 104 (more than ten times), and a fast response time of ≈1.7 ms (exceeding 30 times). In addition, due to the strong photon recycling effect of Cs2AgBiBr6, optical properties in both light absorption and emission can be effectively engineered by the material thickness, which enables a tunable wavelength‐dependent photodetection. The results provide further insights on the light–matter interaction of environmentally friendly 2D perovskites related materials and shine light on their high‐performance optoelectrical applications.
Revisiting an ancient inorganic aggregation‐induced emission system: An enlightenment to clusteroluminescence
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Wang Zaiyu , Tavakoli Javad , Shan Guogang , Zhang Jianyu , Peng Chen , Xiong Yu , Zhang Xuepeng , Cheung Tsz Shing , Tang Youhong , Huang Bolong , Yu Zhaoxun , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2021

Organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood. Here, we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggregation‐induced emission property to elucidate the mechanism of clusteroluminescence including how does the chromophore form and how does the solid structures influence the luminescence behaviors. The results indicate that the isolated platinocyanide cannot work as a chromophore to emit visible light, while their clusterization at aggregate state can trigger the d‐orbitals coupling of the platinum atoms to facilitate the electron exchange and delocalization to form a new chromophore to emit visible light. Furthermore, the counter ions and H2O ligands help to rigidify the three‐dimensional network structure of the platinocyanides to suppress the excited state nonradiative decay, resulting in the high quantum yield of up to 96%. This work fundamentally helps understanding both the organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence phenomenon.
Aufeinanderfolgende β,β′‐selektive C(sp3)‐H‐Silylierung von tertiären Aminen mit Dihydrosilanen katalysiert durch B(C6F5)3
Authors: Fang Huaquan , Xie Kaixue , Kemper Sebastian , Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2021

Es wurde gefunden, dass Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran die zweifache C(sp3)‐H‐Silylierung von mehreren Trialkylaminderivaten mit Dihydrosilanen katalysiert und die entsprechenden 4‐Silapiperidine in annehmbaren Ausbeuten ergibt. Die mehrstufige Reaktionsabfolge beinhaltet die Dehydrierung des Amins zum Enamin an zwei Alkylresten und zwei elektrophile (eine inter‐ und eine intramolekular) Silylierungen jener Enamine.
Unravelling the complex habitat use of the white mullet, Mugil curema, in several coastal environments from Neotropical Pacific and Atlantic waters
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Ibañez Ana , Fabré Nidia , Callicó Fortunato Roberta , Méndez Ana , Pisonero Jorge , Volpedo Alejandra V.
Published: February 2021

The white mullet, Mugil curema, is a widely distributed euryhaline species, the migratory behaviour of which is poorly understood. The objective of this work was to study the large‐scale habitat use of this species for the first time. Several environments were considered, such as euryhaline and hypersaline lagoons, the sea, and a river, distributed in the Central Pacific (Mexico) and Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea‐Venezuela, and north‐eastern Brazil).

Otolith core‐to‐edge Sr/Ca ratios of 163 fish, determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, were used to study the salinity‐habitat migration history of the fish. Fish from Mexico (Tamiahua Lagoon, n = 4; Alvarado Lagoon, n = 2), Venezuela (n = 1), and Brazil (n = 12) (11.1% of the total) showed high Sr/Ca values at early life stages and were classified as marine estuarine opportunists. Two specimens (from Alvarado Lagoon and Balsas River, Mexico) showed Sr/Ca values consistently below the high salinity guide value (salinity < 33.5). For the rest of the fish (87.1%), the Sr/Ca ratio suggested a displacement from the estuary towards the sea or hypersaline environments, and so these fish were classified as estuarine migrants.

A change‐point analysis identified six individuals with a single stable otolith Sr/Ca signature through ontogeny (three from Brazil, one from Venezuela, and two from Tamiahua Lagoon, Mexico), suggesting limited displacement between environments with different salinities. The rest of the individuals showed between two and 10 changes in stable Sr/Ca signatures (mean = 4.07 ± 1.85). The highest number of changes in Sr/Ca ratio (4.87 ± 1.1) was found in fish from Laguna Madre (Mexico) and the lowest was found in fish from Brazil (3.27 ± 1.70) (H = 19.8, p = 0.002).

Otolith Sr/Ca time series suggest that the migratory estuarine pattern is the most common throughout the study area. This work highlights that the sustainable use of M. curema depends on the conservation of estuaries and the corridors between them and other environments such as lagoons, rivers, mangroves and the sea.
Guests in someone else’s house? Sense of belonging among ethnic minority students in a Hong Kong university
Authors: Gao Fang , Liu Henry Chi Yin
Published: February 2021

The evolution of globalisation and ensuing internationalisation of higher education need radical reform of institutional policies and practices to promote education for diversity, equity and inclusion. Extant literature on university/college student persistence/retention witnesses a lack of research on the subjective sense of belonging on campus among ethnic minoritised students who have been historically marginalised in higher education and are now part of the emerging demographic on campus. This study attempted to fill the gap. Engaging qualitative individual interviews with 12 university students of South/Southeast Asian ethnicity in Hong Kong, the purpose of this study was to examine their perceptions and experiences of institutional affiliations and engagement in university. Findings suggested that being connected to the programme and university, and the depth and quality of intragroup dynamics, are key to a sense of belonging among ethnic minority students. Findings also elucidated a lack of cross‐cultural interaction and racial/ethnic diversity within the university environment, which shaped participants’ feelings of isolation and exclusionary experiences as they sought to adjust to the campus academically and socially. The study’s findings could help inform the development and evaluation of institutional strategies that can sustain minoritised students in university transitions and promote institutional connectedness and academic success among all students on campus.
Computational fluid dynamic simulations of regular bubble patterns in pulsed fluidized beds using a two‐fluid model
Authors: Ding Zhizhong , Tiwari Shashank S. , Tyagi Mayank , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy
Published: February 2021

This simulation study explores the two‐fluid model's (TFM) capability to reproduce the alternating bubble patterns in a sinusoidal pulsed fluidized bed (PFB). Simulations were performed with frictional limits ranging between 0.58–0.62 with the inlet gas frequency being varied in the range of 3–6 Hz. The preliminary investigations showed that the Johnson and Jackson frictional model with a frictional limit of 0.61 yields a regular bubble pattern. The inference of this regular bubble pattern was based on the discrete Fourier analysis of the temporal pressure signals obtained at different spatial locations inside the PFB. Although the one‐dimensional temporal pressure signals characterized a regular bubble pattern behaviour, the staggered bubbles visually observed were highly unstable. Moreover, in‐depth insights into the PFB's regime classification showed that the predicted regular bubble patterns are susceptible to uncertainties due to the inherent mathematical limitations of the frictional closures of the TFM. Besides, the combinations of the frictional models/ limits in the TFM simulations could not predict the high stability and intermediate stability regimes of PFB. The present investigations helped identify the limitations of frictional closure models of TFM in predicting the regular bubble patterns and the regime classification for the PFB. It also expresses the need to develop better strategies to model the frictional closure of TFM to accurately account for the ever‐evolving dense and dilute particle regions of a PFB.
Sewage sludge ashes as a primary catalyst for the abatement of tar in biomass gasification: Bubbling versus spouted‐fluidized bed configuration
Authors: Ruoppolo Giovanna , Miccio Francesco , Miccio Michele , Brachi Paola , Chirone Riccardo
Published: February 2021

Sewage sludge (SS) ashes, rich in iron and calcium, have been tested as a primary catalyst during air gasification of commercial wood pellets in a pre‐pilot scale fluidized bed (FB) reactor. The shifting from a conventional fluidized bed to a spouted‐fluidized bed configuration has been assessed on the catalyst performance. Specifically, at constant total air inlet flow rate, two different values of the air flow rate in a central spouting nozzle have been adopted, which correspond to 20% and 37.5% of the total inlet gas flow rate. Under the conventional fluidized bed configuration (i.e., bubbling regime), SS ashes exhibit good performance in term of tar reduction (about 20% decrease compared to a bed of inert silica sand), without significantly affecting the syngas composition. Concerning the transition to the spouted‐fluid bed configuration, the gas‐solid contact efficiency is enhanced at lower air flow rates through the central nozzle, with respect to the FB regime, leading to better gasification performance in terms of tar reduction (around 40% less) and syngas quality. A slightly worse gasification performance is obtained at high values of air flow rate in the central nozzle, due to a progressive increase of gas bed bypassing. Furthermore, moving from the conventional FB configuration to the spouted‐fluid bed one dramatically boosts the elutriation rate of carbon fines as well as the attrition of catalyst particles.