bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution and imaging of an hsp90 ligand labelled with 111In and 67Ga for imaging of cell death
Authors: Ho Shon Ivan , Kumar Divesh , Sathiakumar Chithradevi , Berghofer Paula , Van Khang , Chicco Andrew , Hogg Philip J.
Published: January 2020

Background

4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid (GSAO) when conjugated at the γ-glutamyl residue with fluorophores and radio-isotopes is able to image dead and dying cells in vitro and in vivo by binding to intracellular 90-kDa heat shock proteins (hsp90) when cell membrane integrity is compromised. The ability to image cell death has potential clinical impact especially for early treatment response assessment in oncology. This work aims to assess the biodistribution and tumour uptake of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid GSAO labelled with 111In ([111In]In-DTPA-GSAO) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid GSAO labelled with 67Ga ([67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO) in a murine subcutaneous tumour xenograft model and estimate dosimetry of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO.

Results

There was good tumour uptake of both [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO (2.44 ± 0.26% injected activity per gramme of tissue (%IA/g) and 2.75 ± 0.34 %IA/g, respectively) in Balb c nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous tumour xenografts of a human metastatic prostate cancer cell line (PC3M-luc-c6). Peak tumour uptake occurred at 2.7 h post injection. [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO demonstrated increased uptake in the liver (4.40 ± 0.86 %IA/g and 1.72 ± 0.27 %IA/g, respectively), kidneys (16.54 ± 3.86 %IA/g and 8.16 ± 1.33 %IA/g) and spleen (6.44 ± 1.24 %IA/g and 1.85 ± 0.44 %IA/g); however, uptake in these organs was significantly lower with [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO (p = 0.006, p = 0.017 and p = 0.003, respectively). Uptake of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO into tumour was higher than all organs except the kidneys. There was negligible uptake in the other organs. Excretion of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO was more rapid than [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO. Estimated effective dose of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO for an adult male human was 1.54 × 10− 2 mSv/MBq.

Conclusions

[67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO demonstrates higher specific uptake in dead and dying cells within tumours and lower uptake in normal organs than [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO. [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO may be potentially useful for imaging cell death in vivo. Dosimetry estimates for [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO are acceptable for future human studies. This work also prepares for development of 68Ga GSAO radiopharmaceuticals.
Routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks for heterogeneous traffic network
Authors: Musaddiq Arslan , Zikria Yousaf Bin , Zulqarnain  , Kim Sung Won
Published: January 2020

In a real network deployment, the diverse sensor applications generate a heterogeneous traffic pattern which may include basic sensing measurements such as temperature readings or high-volume multimedia traffic. In a heterogeneous traffic network, the two standardized objective functions (OFs), i.e., objective function zero (OF0) and the Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) for routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) perform poor routing decisions by selecting an already congested parent node and cause more re-transmissions across the network. Therefore, careful consideration is required in designing a new OF for heterogeneous traffic scenarios. In this study, we examine the RPL protocol under a heterogeneous traffic pattern and proposed a new protocol based on queue and workload-based condition (QWL-RPL). The aim of the proposed protocol is to achieve a reliable path with better overall performance. The proposed OF model considers the link workload in addition to mapping the congestion status of the node using the packet queue. We implement the proposed routing model in the Contiki operating system (OS) Cooja environment to compare with the existing technique. The simulation results show that QWL-RPL can improve the performance of a heterogeneous traffic network as compared with both OF0 and MRHOF, specifically in terms of the amount of overhead, packets reception ratio (PRR), average delay, and jitter. Final results indicate that on average, there is a 5%–30% improvement in PRR, 25%–45% reduction in overheads, 12%–30% reduction in average delay, and 20%–40% reduction in jitter.
Solution of fractional kinetic equations involving class of functions and Sumudu transform
Authors: Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shaikh Amjad , Rahman Gauhar , Kumar Dinesh
Published: January 2020

Fractional kinetic equations (FKEs) including a wide variety of special functions have been widely and successfully applied in describing and solving many important problems of physics and astrophysics. In this paper, we derive the solutions for FKEs including the class of functions with the help of Sumudu transforms. Many important special cases are then revealed and analyzed. The use of the class of functions to obtain the solution of FKEs is fairly general and can be efficiently used to construct several well-known and novel FKEs.
Bipolar disorders in ICD-11: current status and strengths
Authors: Angst Jules , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Rössler Wulf
Published: January 2020

Background

The Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for the ICD-11 Classification of mental and behavioural disorders should soon be finalized. To measure their potential impact, the new proposed definitions of bipolar disorders in ICD-11 were applied to data from the Zurich cohort study and compared with the definitions of ICD-10 and DSM-5.

Results

We found little difference between ICD-11 and ICD-10 in the identification of subjects with bipolar disorders, but compared to DSM-5 a considerable increase in the diagnosis of hypomanic episodes and therefore of bipolar-II disorders.

Conclusions

Compared to ICD-10 and DSM-5 the definition of hypomanic episodes according to ICD-11 represents important progress. A higher prevalence of BP-II disorder makes sense from a clinical point of view. Further transcultural research is needed into whether out-patient treatment should be included as a criterion for hypomania. Pure mania is unfortunately missing as an independent and codable disorder in the international diagnostic manuals, whether ICD-11 or DSM-5.
Contribution to crustal strain accumulation of minor faults: a case study across the Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone, Japan
Authors: Tamura Tomonori , Oohashi Kiyokazu , Otsubo Makoto , Miyakawa Ayumu , Niwa Masakazu
Published: January 2020

Recent global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data for the Japanese Islands have revealed a high-strain-rate region suggesting the existence of a region of broad-scale crustal deformation. The Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ), which is the high-strain-rate zone in central Japan, shows a short-term dextral strain rate of ~ 12 mm/year. The total slip rate of the Quaternary fault zones in the NKTZ has been estimated as ~ 6.7 mm/year, accounting for just over half the short-term strain rate of the zone. However, this slip rate underestimates the total slip rate on faults within the NKTZ owing to possible distributed deformation on minor faults. This study quantifies the slip rate attributable to these other faults in the southeastern-central NKTZ and reveals the unique deformation structure across the high-strain-rate zone, which comprises a Quaternary fault core, a Quaternary fault damage zone, an incipient brittle shear zone (active background), and an inactive background. The spatial characteristics of the incipient brittle shear zone can be explained in terms of fault density, which increases toward the central NKTZ. Minor faults located > 500 m from major Quaternary faults but within the NKTZ have sense of shear consistent with that of the major faults. In contrast, minor faults outside of the NKTZ show sense of shear that differ from the dextral displacement of the high-strain-rate zone and do not contribute to the slip rate of the zone. The total slip rate of minor faults in the southeastern-central NKTZ is estimated to be 0.46–2.88 mm/year (roughly equal to a major Quaternary fault in the zone), which implies 4–24% of crustal strain is stored in the active background.
Social media, self-harm and suicide
Authors: House Allan
Published: January 2020

Use of social media by people with mental health problems, and especially those who are prone to self-harm, has potential advantages and disadvantages. This poses a dilemma about how and by how much the form and content of social media sites should be regulated. Unfortunately, participation in the public debate about this dilemma has been restricted and high-profile discussion of necessary action has been focused almost entirely on how much suppression of content is justified. Professional bodies, including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, should be doing much more than they are to shape how the debate is conducted.
Ultrahigh-CO2 Adsorption Capacity and CO2/N2 Selectivity by Nitrogen-Doped Porous Activated Carbon Monolith
Authors: Alabadi Akram A , Abbood Haider A , Dawood Ammar S , Tan Bien
Published: January 2020

Among microporous adsorbents, N-doped activated carbon monolith has been developed to achieve functionalized nanoporous carbon via cross-linked polymer precursors, which are used in Friedel-Craft alkylation and pyrolysis. Nitrogen-doping is establish an efficient method for boosting the CO2 adsorption capacity of carbon-based adsorbents, and research in this area is still full of challenges to reach a fit doping level of nitrogen (N) and intrinsic microporosity. Herein is an easy method that enables the preparation of microporous nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith with proportion of 4.6 wt% N, which employs poly (H-BINAM) as primary material. By virtue of chemical activation, high microporosity is generated and gives a monolithic structured porous nitrogen-doped activated carbon (MPC-700). The resulting material showed a remarkable CO2 adsorption capacity (6.74 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 5.18 mmol g−1 at 298 K under 1 bar), and an excellent CO2 over N2 selectivity (153), which is measured from single-component adsorption isotherms according to Henry’s Law. This value exceeds the CO2 over N2 selectivity of reported carbon-based adsorbents including diverse nitrogen doped examples, the features of which are largely associated with remarkably high N-content and furthermore partial graphitic framework.
Implementation of the national interests of the Russian Federation in cooperation with the APR countries
Authors: Abramov Valeriy , Alekseev Petr , Kuznecov Aleksey , Perskaya Viktoriya , Sokolova Elizaveta , Toropova Natal'ya , Revenko Nikolay
Published: January 2020

The monograph written by the authors of the Financial University under the government of the Russian Federation. Researched forms of development of sub-regional integration unions with the participation of Asia-Pacific, identify priority areas of the strategic partnership between Russia and China. Formulated conceptual approaches to the definition of the economic interests of Russia in development of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific. A special place in the monograph is a proposal for the realization of economic interests of Russia in the framework of bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation with leading countries of the Asia-Pacific region, including China.
Of interest to a wide circle of specialists in the field of international economic relations, scientific staff and graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in the direction "Economy".
INFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM SALT OF INDOL-3-ACETIC ACID ON THE ROOTNESS OF LONG-AGED GRAPE STOCKS
Authors: Ismail Shaimaa , Shalamova Anna , Abramov Aleksandr
Published: January 2020

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid on the rooting process and the quality of rooted grape cuttings. The work was completed in 2017–2018 on the sample of varieties Korinka russkaya and Victoria, which are most common in household plots of the Republic of Tatarstan. The lignified shoots of grapes were harvested in November and stored in plastic bags at a temperature of 2 ... 4°C. Before cuttings, they were soaked for 48 hours in tap water at room temperature and cut into two-kidney cuttings. The basal ends of the cuttings were furrowed. The ends of the cuttings (5 ... 6 cm) were immersed in solutions according to the experimental scheme: distilled water (control); indole-3-butyric acid, 3000 mg/l (standard); potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid, 5000 mg/l; potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid, 10000 mg/l. Processing the cuttings by potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid composition at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L significantly improved the rooting process. The share of rooted cuttings in Korinka russkaya variety in 2017 was 77.5%, in 2018 - 90.0%. The greatest callus formation (29.0 ... 43.8%), the number of roots on the cuttings (26.0 ... 23.9 pcs.), The length of the roots (133.9 ... 140.1 cm) were noted in Victoria variety. A solution of indole-3-butyric acid at a concentration of 3000 mg/L also improved rooting compared to the control. Grape varieties varied significantly in the rooting of cuttings. On the Korinka Russkaya variety, all parameters on average over 2 years were higher than on Victoria cuttings.
Institutional Logics and Technology Development: Evidence from the Wind and Solar Energy Industries
Authors: Tilleman Suzanne G. , Russo Michael V. , Nelson Andrew J.
Published: January 2020

The relationship between regionally tied institutional logics and the location of organizations is an important issue in organization theory. Recent work highlights how supportive regional logics can give rise to products or organizations that resonate with these logics and how the geographic patterns that underlie industries may be understood by examining such relationships. This literature has not, however, offered deep attention to the ways in which features of technology—specifically, its inherent uncertainty—may interact with such dynamics. In this paper, we tackle the challenge. Our work examines how the level of support for an environmental-conservation logic within a region is associated with the number of wind and solar equipment manufacturers in that region in the years 1978–2006. By simultaneously exploring the effects of this logic on two similar technologies, our work not only reinforces how logics may interact with organizational activity but also shows how the magnitude and mechanisms of this effect depend on the technology in question. We build on these findings to discuss the importance of examining technologies in detail, including their dimensions of uncertainty, the role of timing in examining the effect of regionally tied logics, and the links between public policy and logics.
La formación de médicos y enfermeras del trabajo en España: una mirada histórica hasta llegar al presente
Authors: Ramada José María , Nohales Gloria
Published: January 2020

Con el título Quo Vadis Salud Laboral? se ha presentado este año la XXIX Diada de la Associació Catalana de Salut Laboral, que ha tenido lugar en el marco incomparable del recinto modernista del Hospital de Sant Pau de Barcelona, declarado Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO en 1997. A ningún profesional sanitario de la salud laboral le pareció extraña la cuestión planteada (Quo Vadis?) porque con los años, la incertidumbre sobre el futuro de las dos especialidades preventivas (sanitarias) de largo recorrido en España y además previstas en la Ley 31/1995 de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales se ha convertido ya en un problema secular…
Batch elimination of cationic dye from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process
Authors: Titchou Fatima Ezzahra , Afanga Hanane , Zazou Hicham , Ait Akbour Rachid , Hamdani Mohamed
Published: January 2020

Like other developing countries, Morocco has undergone a real industrial revolution that generates a huge amount of colored wastewater. Methylene blue (MB) could be considered as commonly model of cationic dyes that are widely used in industries. In the present work, the removal of MB was investigated in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte by electrocoagulation (EC) process. Parameters studied are the nature of electrodes, electrode spacing, initial dye concentration, agitation speed, applied current density, NaCl concentration, and the effect of the initial pH. Stainless steel electrodes have been used as cathode and anode in the electrochemical cell. The performance of the process was evaluated in terms of color removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), electrical power consumption, current efficiency, and the quantity of sludge formed. The results showed that the removal percent of 20 mg/L MB is 100 %, using stainless steel electrodes with an interspace of 1.5 cm and 20 mA/cm² for 6 min in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl at natural pH. COD and TOC removals within 15 min were 45% and 51% respectively. The power consumption, in that case, was 5.84 KWh/m3, while the amount of sludge formed was 1.64 Kg/m3.
Ultrafast freestanding microfiber humidity sensor based on three-dimensional graphene network cladding
Authors: Zhong Yongchun , Wang Yanzhen , Wang Zhaoqun , Xing Zengshan , Xiao Yi , Yu Jianhui , Guan Heyuan , Luo Yunhan , Lu Huihui , Zhu Wenguo , Chen Zhe
Published: January 2020

An all-fiber humidity sensor is proposed and fabricated by depositing three-dimensional graphene network (3DGN) around the surface of a freestanding microfiber (MF). The high specific surface area and porosity of 3DGN enhances its interaction with water molecules, allowing high performance of the humidity sensor. The sensor can operate in a wide relative humidity (RH) range of 11.6%RH-90.9%RH with a high sensitivity of -2.841 dB/%RH in the RH range (80.3%RH - 90.9%RH). The response and recovery times of this type of microfiber sensor are measured respectively to be 57 ms and 55 ms, which are one order magnitude faster than those of other fiber RH sensors activated by two-dimensional materials coating. Such an all-fiber RH sensor with high sensitivity and fast response property possesses great potential of application in widespread fields, such as biology, chemical processing and food processing.
Improved heterodyne system using double-passed acousto-optic frequency shifters for measuring the frequency response of photodetectors in ultrasonic applications
Authors: Feng Xiujuan , Yang Ping , He Longbiao , Xing Guangzhen , Wang Min , Ke Wei
Published: January 2020

The improved heterodyne system is presented to measure the frequency response of photodetectors (PDs) with bandwidth about 100 MHz utilized in ultrasonic applications. In order to eliminate the periodic oscillation following the frequency tuning of the acousto-optic frequency shifters (AOFSs) in the measurement results, the AOFSs’ double-passed scheme in Michelson interferometer is used. Compared with the AOFSs’ single-passed configuration in Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the double-passed scheme can avoid additional optical alignment during the process of the frequency tuning and then reduce its induced measurement uncertainty. With two double-passed AOFSs connected in parallel, the experimental setup is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of the improved heterodyne system in the frequency range from 500 kHz to 135 MHz. Experimental results with measurement uncertainty are provided and discussed.
Voxel-based spatial elongation filtering method for airborne single-photon LiDAR data
Authors: Luo Tong , Chen Deying , Chen Zhaodong , Dong Zhiwei , Wu Wentao , Wang Xing , Yan Renpeng , Fan Rongwei
Published: January 2020

A novel voxel-based spatial elongation filtering method is proposed, to reduce noise in airborne single-photon lidar (SPL) data. In this method, six additional points are generated adjacent to each point of interest in the SPL data. Then, we count the number of points within each voxel and discriminate signals from noise via a predefined threshold. A filter performance evaluation index (taking into account the false alarm and signal loss rates, and the average distance between the residual noise points and their nearest signal points) is introduced. We compare the proposed and voxel-based spatial filtering method. The average false alarm rate found with our method (3.5%) is 18.6% smaller than that of the voxel-based spatial filtering method (4.3%).
Multi-pulse sampling dual-comb ranging method
Authors: Zhou Siyu , Lin Chen , Yang Yuetang , Wu Guanhao
Published: January 2020

A multi-pulse sampling dual-comb ranging (MS-DCR) method is proposed in this paper. Four sampling pulses and two signal pulses separated in the time domain are generated in a repetition period by fiber delay. Through multi-pulse linear optical sampling, eight cross-correlation interferograms (IGMs) are generated in an updating period. The proposed method realizes the multiplication of IGMs so that additional ranging results can be obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that we suppress any random noise by averaging the ranging results and improve the precision of the time-of-flight (TOF) method and carrier-wave interferometric (CWI) method simultaneously. The precision of TOF is improved from 3.85 µm to 1.39 µm without time averaging and that of CWI is improved from 25 nm to 11 nm. The TOF result can link to the interferometric phase with 15 ms averaging, and a precision of 0.48 nm is reached with 0.5 s averaging. The proposed technique overcomes the limitations of linear optical sampling in conventional dual-comb interferometers and achieves faster and higher precision distance measurements without decreasing the unambiguity range.
Higher order correlations in a levitated nanoparticle phonon laser
Authors: Xiao Kewen , Pettit Robert M. , Ge Wenchao , Nguyen Long H. , Dadras Siamak , Vamivakas A. Nick , Bhattacharya M.
Published: January 2020

We present theoretical and experimental investigations of higher order correlations of mechanical motion in the recently demonstrated optical tweezer phonon laser, consisting of a silica nanosphere trapped in vacuum by a tightly focused optical beam [Nat. Photonics 13, 402 (2019)10.1038/s41566-019-0395-5]. The nanoparticle phonon number probability distribution is modeled with the master equation formalism in order to study its evolution across the lasing threshold. Up to fourth-order equal-time correlation functions are then derived from the probability distribution. Subsequently, the master equation is transformed into a nonlinear quantum Langevin equation for the trapped particle’s position. This equation yields the non-equal-time correlations, also up to fourth order. Finally, we present experimental measurements of the phononic correlation functions, which are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. We also compare the experimental data to existing analytical Ginzburg-Landau theory where we find only a partial match.
Controlling the velocity of a femtosecond laser pulse using refractive lenses
Authors: Jolly Spencer W. , Gobert Olivier , Jeandet Antoine , Quéré Fabien
Published: January 2020

The combination of temporal chirp with a simple chromatic aberration known as longitudinal chromatism leads to extensive control over the velocity of laser intensity in the focal region of an ultrashort laser beam. We present the first implementation of this effect on a femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that by using a specially designed and characterized lens doublet to induce longitudinal chromatism, this velocity control can be implemented independent of the parameters of the focusing optic, thus allowing for great flexibility in experimental applications. Finally, we explain and demonstrate how this spatiotemporal phenomenon evolves when imaging the ultrashort pulse focus with a magnification different from unity.
Cavity-enhanced sum-frequency generation of blue light with near-unity conversion efficiency
Authors: Kerdoncuff Hugo , Christensen Jesper B. , Brasil Túlio B. , Novikov Valeriy A. , Polzik Eugene S. , Hald Jan , Lassen Mikael
Published: January 2020

We report on double-resonant highly efficient sum-frequency generation in the blue range. The system consists of a 10-mm-long periodically poled KTP crystal placed in a double-resonant bow-tie cavity and pumped by a fiber laser at 1064.5 nm and a Ti:sapphire laser at 849.2 nm. An optical power of 375 mW at 472.4 nm in a TEM00 mode was generated with pump powers of 250 mW at 849.2 nm and 200 mW at 1064.5 nm coupled into the double-resonant ring resonator with 88% mode-matching. The resulting internal conversion efficiency of 95(±3)% of the photons mode-matched to the cavity constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the highest overall achieved quantum conversion efficiency using continuous-wave pumping. Very high conversion efficiency is rendered possible due to very low intracavity loss on the level of 0.3% and high nonlinear conversion coefficient up to 0.045(0.015) W−1. Power stability measurements performed over one hour show a stability of 0.8%. The generated blue light can be tuned within 5 nm around the center wavelength of 472.4 nm, limited by the phase-matching of our nonlinear crystal. This can however be expanded to cover the entire blue spectrum (420 nm to 510 nm) by proper choice of nonlinear crystals and pump lasers. Our experimental results agree very well with analytical and numerical simulations taking into account cavity impedance matching and depletion of the pump fields.
Temporal- and spectral-property measurements of narrowband photon pairs from warm double-Λ-type atomic ensemble
Authors: Jeong Taek , Moon Han Seb
Published: January 2020

We investigate the temporal and spectral properties of narrowband photon pairs from a double-Λ-type atomic system of a warm 87Rb atomic ensemble. The temporal properties of the narrowband photons are investigated by measuring their auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. The spectral measurement of the photon pair is obtained by applying the stimulated emission method. We show that the biphoton spectral waveform with a spectral width of ∼6 MHz corresponds to the biphoton temporal waveform with a temporal width of ∼26 ns. We believe that our results can contribute to the characterization of narrowband photons generated from atomic ensembles and aid in the development of new photonic quantum states generated from atomic systems.
Ptychographic characterization of a coherent nanofocused X-ray beam
Authors: Björling Alexander , Kalbfleisch Sebastian , Kahnt Maik , Sala Simone , Parfeniukas Karolis , Vogt Ulrich , Carbone Dina , Johansson Ulf
Published: January 2020

The NanoMAX hard X-ray nanoprobe is the first beamline to take full advantage of the diffraction-limited storage ring at the MAX IV synchrotron and delivers a high coherent photon flux for applications in diffraction and imaging. Here, we characterize its coherent and focused beam using ptychographic analysis. We derive beam profiles in the energy range 6-22 keV and estimate the coherent flux based on a probe mode decomposition approach.
ECDYSTEROIDS OF SILENE ITALICA: GLYCOSIDIC AND NONGLYCOSIDIC COMPONENTS AND HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS PROFILE
Authors: Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Kashchenko Nina Igorevna
Published: January 2020

Silene italica (L.) Pers. is a species of Caryophyllaceae family which introduced samples contain ecdysteroids that was previously shown (Meng et al., 2001). In this paper, the composition of ecdysteroids of wild-growing S. italica was shown. Using high performance chromatography with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) twenty-two compounds assigned to the ecdysteroid group. The non-glycoside components of S. italica were included twelve compounds and integristerone A, 26-hydroxyintegristerone A, 22-deoxyintegristerone A, 2-deoxyintegristerone A, and 2-deoxypolypodine B were identified for the first time. Ten compounds were characterized as ecdysteroid monoglycosides containing hexose fragment as a carbohydrate part. Trer were derivatives of 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, ecdysone and 2-deoxypolypodine B. For the first time, the presence of 22-deoxyintegristerone A hexoside non-detected in plant objects was found. Comparative analysis of the ecdysteroids composition of S. italica and well studied species S. italica spp. nemoralis (Báthori et al., 2000, 2002, 2004; Pongrácz et al., 2003; Simon et al., 2002) indicates their proximity. Quantitative analysis of five ecdysteroid content in the organs of S. italica showed that they were unevenly distributed in the plant. The concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone was 0.10–32.12 mg/g and the total ecdysteroids content was 0.10–40.92 mg/g of dry plant weight. In general, it should be noted that the ability to produce and accumulate ecdysteroids was also observed for the wild samples of S. italica, which cultural samples was noted as ecdysteroid concentrator.
HIGH-MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS IN THE MUST OF NEW VARIETIES AND CLONES OF THE GRAPES
Authors: Ageyeva Natal'ya Mikhaylovna , Il'ina Irina Anatol'yevna , Nen'ko Natal'ya Ivanovna , Yakimenko Yelena Nikolayevna , Prakh Anton Vladimirovich
Published: January 2020

The stability of grape plant to low temperatures depends on many factors, including the synthesis of proteins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, which fulfill shielding functions in the plant. A deep reconstruction of respiratory system and linked biochemical processes occur in the process of hardening, which lead to the accumulation of high-molecular compounds (especially starch) in leaves and the rod, that are been basic spare substances in the winter period. Meanwhile changes of the high-molecular connections in the juice of berries are virtually not investigated. This problem is urgent for the grape processing industries, since high-molecular connections affect the quality of finished production. Purpose of the work is to evaluate the concentrations of high-molecular connections in the juice of berries from the new types, including hybrids and the clones, which possess stress resistance to the external factors. Laboratory investigations are carried out on the base of CCU “Instrument-analytical” and of scientific center “Winemaking” FSBSO NCFSCHVW with the application of spectral method (spectrophotometers UNICO 2800, LEKI SS1207) and electrophoresis in polyacryl gel. It is established that protein concentration in the must of classical types and their clones has close values. The most higher concentration of proteins was found in the must of hybrid varieties (up to 45 mg/dm3, Bianka variety). The analysis of electrophoresis spectra testifies the heterogeneity of the molecular weights of proteins in the must of classical and hybrid varieties. The starch is identified in mature grapes of white varieties with the mass concentration of sugar 12–14 g/100 cm3 from 8.6 to 28.7 mg/dm3 and in the juice of the mature grapes of red varieties from 12.4 (to 38.6 mg/dm3 that correlates with the frost resistance of the studied varieties and clones. Starch concentration in the juice decreases with the complete technical maturity of berries. However, a starch amount was significantly smaller in a number of the varieties with average and low frost resistance. Thus, the represented results testify about a substantial change of the high-molecular compounds in the stress-resistant varieties and the clones in the comparison with the classical European types.
BIOPHILE ELEMENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA WILLD. AND ARTEMISIA JACUTICA DROB.
Authors: Dylenova Elena Petrovna , Zhigzhitzhapova Svetlana Vasil'yevna , Randalova Tuyana Erdemovna , Radnaeva Larisa Dorzhiyevna , Shiretorova Valentina Germanovna , Pavlov Igor' Arturovich
Published: January 2020

Biophile microelements (copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium) in the aerial part of Artemisia frigida Willd. and Artemisia jacutica Drob. of Russian (areas of the Republic of Buryatia) and Mongolian flora was presented in this paper. The quantitative content of the elements in the samples collected in 2008, 2015–2018 was studied using atomic absorption method performed on a SOLAAR M6 after preliminary decomposition by dry mineralization, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission method (ICP) on a Profile Plus spectrometer after decomposition of samples in the MARS 6 microwave system. The content of the same elements in the aerial part of the same species of Artemisia varied in a wide range, which was consistent with the literature data. In addition, the Principle component analysis of the elemental composition of A. frigida and A. jacutica was presented in this paper. The biplot showed the impact of forest fires that took place on the territory of Buryatia in 2015. So this year was characterized by a high concentration of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper and iron in studied samples. Also, the biplot showed the elements content versus plant species. In general, the content of toxic (lead, cadmium, nickel) and vital elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese) was within the normal concentration. Therefore, the aerial part of A. frigida and A. jacutica of Buryatian (Russia) and aimaks (Mongolia) flora can be considered as promising plant raw materials for using in medical practice.
POLYPHENOLS OF ARCTIC BROWN ALGAE: EXTRACTION, POLYMOLECULAR COMPOSITION
Authors: Bogolitsin Konstantin Grigor'yevich , Druzhinina Anna Sergeyevna , Ovchinnikov Denis Vladimirovich , Parshina Anastasiya Eduardovna , Shulgina Elena Valeriyevna , Turova Polina Nikolayevna , Stavrianidi Andrey Nikolayevich
Published: January 2020

Arctic brown algae of the species Fucus vesiculosus are characterized by a high content of polyphenolic compounds - phlorotannins, exhibiting high biological activity. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for the isolation and analysis of biologically active polyphenolic compounds from arctic brown algae. The proposed scheme for the isolation of polyphenols from Fucus vesiculosus brown algae is based on the principles of "green chemistry" and is carried out by sequential disassembly of the biomass of the plant object with the release of associated components (lipid-pigment complex, polysaccharides, mannitol) and maximum yield of polyphenol fraction. As a result of the experimental work, the optimal parameters for carrying out each stage of the proposed scheme were determined and a stepwise assessment of its effectiveness was carried out. The extractable fraction of polyphenols contains up to 67% of polyphenols relative to their content in the initial biomass, and the proportion of polyphenols in the fraction is up to 83%. A study of the phlorotannins fraction showed that its antioxidant activity is meaningful and it was 553±24 (mg of ascorbic acid/g extract). The polymolecular composition of the target fraction was investigated by the method of exclusion gel filtration chromatography, which showed the polymodal distribution, indicating the presence of several groups of components - low molecular weight and high molecular weight phlorotannins with masses ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands of Daltons. The data obtained using chromatography-mass spectrometry and MALDI mass spectrometry make it possible to identify the presence of low molecular weight phlorotannins in the polyphenol fraction with masses from 250 to 1638 Da, which are close analogues in structure.
ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM L., ARTEMISIA ARMENIACA LAM. AND ARTE-MISIA LATIFOLIA LEDEB.
Authors: Rzhevsky Stanislav Gennal'yevich , Potapov Mikhail Andreyevich , Shikhaliev Hidmet Safarov , Fedulova Tat'yana Petrovna
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results of the aqueous extracts analysis of Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia armeniaca Lam. and Artemisia latifolia Ledeb. performed by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The study used plant material collected on the territory of the Voronezh Region. As a result of the analysis, a wide range of organic substances belonging to different classes was found in the plant raw materials of the studied species. The dominant component of the aqueous extracts of all three types is laminitol, a significant components in the extraction of A. absinthium is maltose, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl)-cyclohexane-1-methanol, herniarin, durenol, esculin, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid is dominated in A. armeniaca extract, and A. latifolia extract has 15-deoxispergualin, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 3-methylacetate-butanol. Aqueous extracts of A. armeniaca contain such biologically active substances as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, esculin and apiol, extracts of A. latifolia - 15-deoxyspergualin; laminitol and syringol (identified in A. absinthium and A. armeniaca) also belong to them. This study confirms the prospects for the medical use of A. armeniaca and A. latifolia, a further direction of research could be the evaluation of bactericidal and fungicidal, as well as, antiproliferative effects of they extracts, as well as their individual components.
THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACT AND ANTIMYCOTIC PROPERTIES ANTHEMIS ALTISSIMA L.
Authors: Mustafayeva Sitara Jalal , Serkerov Sirajeddin Veli , Bakhshaliyeva Konul Farrux
Published: January 2020

The qualitative and quantitative composition of chemical components of ethanol extract of the above-ground part of Anthemis altissima L. (syn. Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay) species (family Asteraceae) collected during flowering phase from the flora of Azerbaijan has been studied. The chemical composition of ethanol extract was analyzed by chromatography-mass-spectrometry methods. 54 components were identified in the extract. As a result of the study, it was found that the A. altissima contained benzene aromatic compounds (77.21%). Among them Benzene, (1-butylheptyl) – 7.84%, Benzene, (1-propyloctyl) – 7.71%, Benzene, (1-pentyloctyl) – 7.03%, Benzene, (1-pentylheptyl) – 5.69%, Benzene, (1-butyloctyl) – 5.37%, Benzene, (1-propylnonyl) – 5.02% were the main components.  In addition to the above components in the extract of the aerial part other biological active substances, such as alcohols (6.37% – of them prevail Hop-22(29)-en-3. β.-ol – 1.53%, γ-Sitosterol – 1.32%), esters of acids (5.3% – of them prevail Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester – 0.88%; Linoleic acid, ethyl ester – 0.63%) and alkanes (1.64% – of them prevail Eicosane – 0.53%; Pentacosane – 0.40%) were also identified. The share of unidentified components was 8.99%. The article also presents the results of the study of the antifungal properties of A. altissima and its aqueous extract against the culture of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus niger. The aqueous extract of A. altissima, in contrast to the plant itself, shows a fungistatic effect on the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.
OZONE PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS: THE EFFECT OF OZONE CONSUMPTION ON REACTIVITY IN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS INTO SUGAR
Authors: Ben’ko Elena Mikhailovna , Lunin Valeriy Vasil'yevich
Published: January 2020

Ozonolysis, as a lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment for sugars and bioethanol production is becoming widespread in recent years owing to its efficiency and environmental safety. Ozone reacts preferably with lignin than carbohydrates, leading to biomass delignification, and so the sugar release by enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugars yield depends on ozone pretreatment parameters and additional studies are necessary to optimize the process to achieve high yields with economic feasibility.

In this work some general patterns of ozone pretreatment are established, using the samples of plant biomass of various types (straw, soft and hardwood). It is shown that the reactivity of vegetable substrates pretreated with ozone is determined by the amount of ozone consumed and practically does not depend on the conditions under which this value of ozone consumption was achieved. The optimal value of ozone consumption, which allows to obtain the maximum yield of sugars in the enzymatic reaction, is 2–3 eq. O3/C9PPU (in terms of phenyl-propane structural unit of lignin, contained in the raw material) or 10–15 wt.%. Intermediate ozonation products do not exhibit inhibitory properties at such ozone consumption.
TRITERPENE COMPOUNDS OF THE ABOVE GROUND ORGANS OF THE BUPLEURUM SCORZONERIFOLIUM WILLD. OF THE BAIKAL REGION FLORA
Authors: Petukhova Svetlana Andreyevna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Mirovich Vera Mikhaylovna
Published: January 2020

Representatives of the genus Bupleurum L. in the composition of biologically active substances accumulate triterpene compounds (derivatives of α-amyrin and β-amyrin). Triterpene glycosides isolated from plants of the genus Bupleurum are called saikosaponinov, buplevrozidy, skorzonerozidy. Plants of the genus Bupleurum in the underground organs accumulate triterpene compounds in an amount of from 1 to 7%. Triterpene compounds of plants of the genus Bupleurum possess a hepatoprotective, antiviral, cytostatic effect. We have studied the triterpene compounds of the aerial organs of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The material for the study was collected on the territory of the Irkutsk region (Russia). Isolation of triterpene compounds was performed with 70% ethyl alcohol. The compounds were identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and diode-matrix detection (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). According to the results of the analysis, the content of 5 triterpene compounds was established: saikosaponinov A, B2, C, D, F. The isolated compounds are structurally derived from oleanan, in which glycosidation is observed at the C-3 position with α-L-rhinose, β-D-glucose and β-D-fucose. The spectrophotometric method determined the quantitative content of the amount of triterpene compounds in the above-ground organs of B. scorzonerifolium at different phases of the vegetation of the plant, by organs (in flowers, leaves, stalks), and also depending on the place of growth. It has been established that the maximum amount of the amount of triterpene compounds accumulates in the aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium during the flowering phase – 1.54±0.05%; the highest content of this group of compounds is noted in flowers – 1.70±0.06%; most of all, this group of compounds is collected by samples collected in the Ust-Horde Buryat District (1.96±0.06%). The aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium can be used as a source of triterpene compounds, the highest content of which is noted in the flowering phase. The study of triterpene compounds in the aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium was carried out for the first time.
THE SIBERIAN LARCH GROUP COMPOSITION AND ACID NEEDLES AT DIFFERENT VEGETATION PERIODS
Authors: Mikson Dar'ya Sergeyevna , Roshchin Viktor Ivanovich
Published: January 2020

The research results of the Siberian larch needle extractives are presented in paper. The content of extractive substances from green and yellow needles extracted by organic solvents with different polarities is determined. It is found out that the double increase of the yellow needle extractive substances content soluble in hydrocarbon extractant is observed, whereas it is decreased by 30 per cent when extracted with propan-2-ol. The group composition of needle extracts derived from isopropanol extract by petroleum ether is determined. The neutral substances content in both needle collections is practically the same, although the yellow needles contain less acid “bound” in the form of esters. There is a high content of waxes in the needles, which mainly consist of secondary nonacosanol-10 alcohol.

The composition of free and “bound” acids in Siberian larch needles of different vegetation periods is established. The needles are dominated by groups of higher unsaturated C-18 fatty acids. Resin acids are represented by isopimaric acid (isopimaric and sandaracopimaric) and abietic acids: abietic, dehydroabietic and levopiric acids. In yellow needles, the content of dehydroabietic acid is increased quadrupled and the hydroxy acids are identified: 15-hydroxyabietic acid and 15-hydroxyhydroabietic acid. The tri- and tetraenic C-20 acids are identified among higher fatty acids.
Modelling recurrent event data: a comparison of the Cox proportional hazards model and three of its extensions to estimate the risk of recurrent healthcare-associated infections in critically ill patients
Authors: Kritsotakis Evangelos , Castilla Fernandez Guillermo , Strong Mark
Published: January 2020

Background: Intensive-care unit (ICU) patients are prone to healthcare-associated infections which are often recurrent. Such infections are influenced by previous occurrences and hence correlation between events needs to be taken into account when modelling the risk of infection recurrence.

Objective: To compare five different survival-time models, the Cox proportional hazards model (CPH) and three of its extensions to recurrent event data: Andersen-Gill (AG), Prentice-Williams-Peterson (PWP) and Frailty models.

Methods: The models were empirically assessed by direct application to data from a cohort study of 550 patients with ICU-acquired infections. Covariate data included patients sex, age, Glasgow, Apache-II and comorbidity scores, and exposures to medical devices, treatment appropriateness and infection site and resistance to carbapenems. Models were compared using accuracy criteria and goodness-of-fit statistics.

Results: 180/550 (33%) patients had infection recurrence, of whom 128 had a first, 40 a second and 12 a third recurrence. All models agreed in the direction of effect for all covariates. However, the CPH model for the risk of first recurrence disregarded data on 64 (26%) of infections, produced the more pronounced hazard ratio estimates, and presented the poorest data fit and accuracy measures. Model fit and accuracy improved in all extended models, with PWP performing best in terms of log-likelihood, Akaike and Bayesian information criteria.

Conclusion: The PWP model is based on plausible assumptions in the context of modelling the risk of infection recurrence and was shown in this study to outperform alternative extensions for modelling recurrent events.
The Role of Biogenic Amines in Nutrition Toxicology: Review
Authors: Ozcelik Fatih , Temel Muhammed Cihan , Ozcelik İlbey Kayra , Kale Ebru
Published: January 2020

Biogenic amines, which are responsible for the realization of many physiological conditions of our body, are compounds that can be produced by microorganisms especially in fermented foods with high protein content. They can have harmful effects on human health only when taken in high amounts with food. However, in individuals with impaired anti-toxic metabolism, which is responsible for detoxification, even lower amounts may cause toxic effects. The most common health effects are nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, various allergic reactions, abdominal pain and death in more severe cases. For these reasons, legislations on biogenic amines in foods have been established with some restrictions. Food producers have been asked to comply with these legislations. However, despite all precautions, biogenic amines in foods have not been completely removed. Further research is still needed to find effective solutions to prevent biogenic amine formation. In addition, consumers need to be made aware of this issue.