bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Puzle en la Enseñanza Activa de los Estudios Sociales
Authors: Coca Cunalata Melida Juliana , Culqui Masabanda Doménica Dayana , Heras Tiván Christopher Giovanni , Conde Jaramillo Edwin Wladimir
Published: July 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia del uso del puzle en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Regiones Naturales del Ecuador, puesto que los puzles son una herramienta didáctica que pueden mejorar de manera activa el aprendizaje, a través del desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, misma que permite el fomento del trabajo en equipo y a la vez aumenta la motivación de los estudiantes por aprender porque interactúan de manera lúdica y dinámica con el contenido geográfico. Por otro lado, este recurso se adapta a distintos niveles de dificultad y formatos, lo que hace que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje sea integral, debido a que mejora tanto la memoria como la retención de información sobre las Regiones Naturales del Ecuador. La metodología utilizada fue de diseño experimental: cuasiexperimental; nivel exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional; enfoque mixto; modalidad bibliográfica-documental y de campo; técnica una encuesta y el instrumento una prueba; y, la población fue de 41 estudiantes de quinto grado de Educación General Básica y dos docentes. Entre los resultados se destaca que el 90% obtuvieron calificaciones de 8-10, lo que significa que dominan y alcanzan los aprendizajes requeridos, y a su vez se genera un aprendizaje significativo. Entonces, se deduce que el puzle es un material didáctico útil que facilita un aprendizaje activo, estimula el interés, la comprensión, la aplicación y la transmisión de los conocimientos adquiridos de manera efectiva y autónoma.
Fundamentos del Doble Juzgamiento Penal en Casos de Delitos Contra la Vida, Cuando han sido Sancionados por la Jurisdicción Indígena
Authors: Samaniego Zambrano Stefany Belén , Rivera Torres Elkin Paul , Duran Campo Armando Rogelio
Published: July 2024

En Ecuador, desde la Constitución de 1998 y reafirmado en la de 2008, se reconoce el principio del pluralismo jurídico, que incluye la justicia indígena como un mecanismo para que las comunidades y pueblos indígenas puedan ejercer funciones judiciales dentro de sus territorios. Sin embargo, ha surgido un desafío relacionado con la administración de esta justicia, razón por la cual la Corte Constitucional ha tomado la decisión de establecer restricciones para evitar el doble juzgamiento y la duplicación de procesos judiciales entre la justicia ordinaria y la indígena. Estas limitaciones indican los criterios sobre qué casos pueden ser conocidos por las autoridades indígenas y cuáles no son de su competencia, debido a su complejidad o naturaleza específica como los delitos contra la vida, que deben ser tratados por otras instancias judiciales. Para dar solución a dicha dicotomía de jurisdicciones, es fundamental establecer mecanismos de cooperación y coordinación que definan claramente la competencia de las autoridades indígenas en la resolución de casos judiciales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar a fondo los fundamentos del doble juzgamiento penal en casos de delitos contra la vida, específicamente aquellos que han sido sancionados por la jurisdicción indígena en Ecuador, con el propósito de comprender los compromisos jurídicos, culturales y de derechos humanos implicados, identificando posibles controversias entre la jurisdicción indígena y el sistema ecuatoriano, y de esta manera brindar recomendaciones para un marco legal y procesal más equitativo y respetuoso  que proteja en primer lugar la diversidad cultural y los derechos fundamentales.
REAL WORLD DATA : ANTIVIRUS SELECTION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING HOSPITAL
Authors: Damayanti Hazena Misgi , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani , Risdiana Irma , Kuluq Muhammad Husnul
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 is a disease that requires antivirals, such as favipiravir and remdesivir, which have been recommended in Indonesia. Choosing the right antiviral agent can affect the length and total cost of hospitalization. The impact of COVID-19 can cause a decline in health and the economy, if not treated effectively. This study aimed to determine the average length of hospitalization and total cost of hospitalization for COVID-19 patients based on the selection of favipiravir and remdesivir antivirals at the PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital from August 2022-August to 2023 based on real world data. The research method was Observational research with a descriptive research design and retrospective data collection was used. During this period, 306 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. A total of 171 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 130 patients using favipiravir antivirus and 41 patients using remdesivir antivirus. The results of this study are the average length of hospitalization of the patient group with antiviral favipiravir was 4.1 days and the patient group with antiviral remdesivir was 5 days and the average total cost of hospitalization of the patient group with antiviral favipiravir was IDR 12,377,415 and the average total cost of the patient group with antiviral remdesivir was IDR 14,428,132. The conclusion of this study is that the use of favipiravir antiviral therapy is more effective when viewed from the perspective of length of hospitalization and total cost of hospitalization; therefore, these results can be applied under the same conditions in the treatment of COVID-19.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROJECTIONS OF A DOCUMENTARY CINEMATIC PORTRAIT OF A WRITER (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE MINI-SERIES “OLHA KOBYLIANSKA. VALSE BRILLANTE”)
Authors: GANZHA Anhelina
Published: July 2024

Integrative linguistic stylistics provides reliable tools for the study of film text.
The term linguistic portrait already has its own tradition of multidimensional interpretation in linguistics: from a scientific metaphor to specific definitions with a hierarchy of characteristic features. The features of a linguistic portrait of a personality are fully projected onto the phenomenon of a film portrait of a personality, which is the focus of the creative potential of a filmmaker who is the author of a biographical documentary media product. We propose to understand a film portrait as a genre of documentary film that involves the depiction of a real person in his or her natural environment by means of documentary cinema.
The peculiarity of biographical documentaries about writers is that they focus on the representation of the figures of direct participants in the linguistic and literary process of all periods. Thus, the complementary characteristics of a film portrait can be the works of the artist quoted in the audio or visual sequences, as well as the artistic and stylistic features of these texts, which the filmmaker uses as interpretive material to expand the characteristics of the film portrait.
The film portrait of Olha Kobylianska in the miniseries “Olha Kobylianska. Valse Brillante”, distinct sociolinguistic projections are revealed. First of all, the formation of the writerʼs national and linguistic worldview was influenced by her origin and family upbringing, which is revealed in the film text through the presenterʼs story about the writerʼs parents, her childhood, and audio and video illustrations of the “context of the era”. The dominant personal dimension in the film is inextricably linked to the reflection of the search for creative identity, especially through the linguistic dimension. In her autobiographies, Kobylianska emphasized that “Ukrainian was the language of choice at home”, but in her youth, German was the language of intellectual pursuits and socializing. That is why, naturally, it became the first language of creativity for the writer, but it was only an episode in her artistic biography.
A Comprehensive Study on Building Maintenance Practices for Heritage Shop Houses in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Lee Rin We , Sulieman Mohd Zailan
Published: July 2024

The preservation of heritage shop houses in Penang, Malaysia, faces a critical challenge due to the absence of regular building maintenance practices. While a few conservation efforts were prompted by severe deterioration, there is a notable deficiency in implementing routine maintenance measures. The current approach primarily intervenes when buildings reach a state of severe disrepair, neglecting the imperative for continuous upkeep and adherence to maintenance regulations. This reactive strategy not only jeopardises the structural integrity of these historic structures but also destroy their long-term preservation and cultural significance. As a result, there is an urgent need to shift towards proactive maintenance practices to safeguard the architectural heritage of Penang's shop houses and ensure their sustainable conservation for future generations. This study addresses the need to enhance building maintenance practices for heritage shop houses in Penang, Malaysia, with a focus on preserving Penang's cultural heritage to maintaining their historical authenticity. The research aimed to comprehensively assess the current state of maintenance practices, analyze faced challenges and recommend effective strategies for improvement. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the challenges associated with maintaining these unique structures, as well as practical recommendations for improving maintenance practices, ultimately benefiting the field of heritage conservation.
DAMAGES TO SUBMARINE CABLES AND PIPELINES IN TIME OF PEACE AND WAR: THE NORD STREAM SABOTAGE
Authors: Hernández Benito Daniel
Published: July 2024

In late 2022, the Nord Stream sabotage put a spotlight on the vulnerability of submarine infrastructures like cables and pipelines and underscored the importance of protecting them against intentional damage. UNCLOS provisions are relevant in time of peace. However, legal design and state practice make them insufficient, yet the law of piracy could be a last recourse against private actors. Moreover, in time of war, like Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, states must resort to IHL, which protects infrastructures not exclusively serving neutral states. This work underscores the convergence of different disciplines of international law.
Learning under fire: challenges and opportunities for the educational sector
Authors: CHYKALOVA Maryna
Published: July 2024

In the article the author focuses on the conditions of the educational process during a full-scale war. The scientific sources of scientists who devoted their research to the problems of organizing the educational process under the conditions of force majeure were analysed. A list of regulations and other legislative documents is provided, in accordance with which the training should be conducted in the circumstances of hostilities and martial law. The article raises the question of the influence of military actions on the educational process and their possible consequences, as well as the need to arrange reliable shelters in educational institutions to ensure the reliability and safety of all participants of the educational process. The author provides statistical data on the results of the national multi-subject test in 2023 of the entrants from the border regions of Ukraine. Technologies are singled out, which allow recipients of educational services to receive quality education even in the conditions of military challenges. The author characterized the recommendations aimed at ensuring high-quality and safe education in the conditions of war with the participation of the authorities and civil society.
KEEFEKTIFAN PEMERIKSA KOREKSI FAKTA MELALUI GAMBAR DAN SKALA KEBENARAN TERHADAP INTENSI UNTUK MENYEBARKAN HASIL KOREKSI PEMERIKSA FAKTA
Authors: Abdullah Nisa Nurmauliddiana , Melano Fiqie Lavani , Adim Adrio Kusmareza
Published: July 2024

Memasuki tahun 2024, Indonesia sedang bersiap menuju Pemilihan Umum Presiden, Wakil Presiden, dan Kepala Daerah 2024-2029. Segala informasi tentang Pemilu 2024 ini mengalir sangat deras, entah itu fakta maupun hoax. Melihat fenomena ini, dibutuhkan lembaga koreksi fakta yang mampu menyaring informasi yang disebarkan sehingga tidak menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat. Provinsi Jawa Barat menjadi salah satu provinsi dengan tingkat tertinggi persebaran hoax di Indonesia, maka dari itu muncul berbagai institusi ataupun organisasi pemeriksa fakta yang mampu membantu dalam menangkal hoax dan mendistribusikan informasi baik di masyarakat. Terdapat gambar dan narasi dalam hasil koreksi fakta tersebut, namun peneliti ingin melihat bagaimana efektivitas pemeriksa hasil koreksi fakta melalui gambar dan skala kebenaran terhadap intensi untuk menyebarkan hasil koreksi fakta. Teori yang digunakan adalah Effective Use: A Representation Theory Perspective untuk mengukur efektifitas suatu sistem dalam hal ini adalah skala kebenaran dan gambar dalam koreksi pemeriksa fakta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan studi desain eksperimental faktorial desain 2x2. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 184 responden masyarakat Jawa Barat yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok treatment. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil koreksi fakta menggunakan skala kebenaran memiliki efektifitas yang signifikan daripada gambar, namun bukan berarti gambar tidak diperlukan dalam proses koreksi fakta. Terdapat interaksi antara skala kebenaran dan gambar dalam efektifitasnya terhadap intensi untuk menyebarkan hasil koreksi fakta.
ANALISA KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MENGENAI BEACUKAI LIQUID (ROKOK ELEKTRIK) TERHADAP PENGGUNA VAPE
Authors: Yuwono Fathan , Munigar Widiya , Nur Zakiyani Shafira , Kurniati Poni Sukaesih Kurniati
Published: July 2024

Kebijakan pemerintah terhadap bea cukai memiliki peran penting dalam mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan internasional suatu negara. Salah satu aspek yang menjadi fokus dalam kebijakan bea cukai adalah regulasi terhadap barang-barang impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan pemerintah terkait bea cukai terhadap liquid.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan deskriptif dan komparatif yang menganalisis setiap gap dalam penelitian sebelumnya yang selaras dengan objek peneltian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah terhadap bea cukai terhadap liquid telah diatur melalui undang-undang dan peraturan yang spesifik. Pembahasan penelitian ini menyoroti berbagai aspek kebijakan, termasuk tarif bea cukai, prosedur impor dan ekspor, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum, serta kerja sama internasional dalam hal liquid.Dampak dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kebijakan bea cukai terhadap liquid kepada pemerintah, pengusaha, dan masyarakat umum. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan panduan bagi pemerintah dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan adil terkait liquid. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat memberikan masukan kepada pengusaha dan pelaku industri dalam mengoptimalkan kegiatan impor dan ekspor liquid dengan memahami peraturan dan persyaratan bea cukai yang berlaku.
BAGAIMANA DINAMIKA TRADISI "MBUAK BALAK" DALAM MANTENAN JAWA DI DESA TIRTOMARTANI?
Authors: Firnanda Fani Irma , Setiani Puspita Pebri , Sunuyeko Nurcholis , Badar Ali
Published: July 2024

Salah satu tradisi yang masih dijumpai di Desa Tirtomarto salah satunya adalah tradisi membuang ayam atau orang jawa menyebut mbuak balak, tradisi ini dilaksanakan saat iring-iringan pengantin dari rumah pengantin pria ke pengantin perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang tradisi mbuak balak dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan atau dinamika dalam tradisi mbuak balak di Desa Tirtomarto. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Kualitatif Deskriptif penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan yang mempelajari fenomena di lingkungan secara langsung kehidupan masyarakat yang masih melaksanakan tradisi ini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer data yang diperoleh dari lapangan, dengan wawancara kepada para sesepuh, dan tokoh agama serta beberapa masyarakat yang pernah melakukan tradisi mbuak balak. Sumber data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal, artikel ilmiah, dan buku-buku. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Tradisi mbuak balak yang ada di Desa Tirtomarto memang tidak mengalami dinamika atau perubahan dari mulai prosesi, makna tidak ada perubahan dari dulu sampai sekarang tetap sama asli dari budaya nenek moyang. Meskipun tradisi ini sedikit bertentangan dengan syariat agama tetapi tradisi ini patut dilestarikan untuk perkembangan kearifan lokal serta budaya yang ada
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA MAKNA SPIRITUAL PADA LIRIK LAGU JIWA YANG BERSEDIH KARYA GHEA INDRAWARI
Authors: Pranata Jaya Reza , Deni Indira Fatra
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisis Semiotika Makna Spiritual pada Lirik Lagu Jiwa yang Bersedih Karya Ghea Indrawari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana makna Makna Spiritual pada Lirik Lagu Jiwa yang Bersedih Karya Ghea Indrawari melalui Analisis Semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Analisis Semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah MV (music video) yang didalamnya sudah terdapat teks dan lirik yang mempresentasikan pesan spiritual pada lirik lagu jiwa yang Bersedih Karya Ghea Indrawari. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis Semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure diamana dalam Analisis ini ditemukan adanya dua unsur dalam bahasa yakni penanda (signifier) dan Petanda (signified). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya makna spirityal yang terkandung dalam lirik lagu Bersedih Karya Ghea Indrawari, menemukan lirik lagu ini mencakup tema-tema yang sering ditemukan dalam situasi religius dan spiritual, seperti kesepian, harapan, dan pencarian makna hidup. Lagu-lagu ini juga mengungkapkan rasa syukur dan empati. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah karya yang mendorong pendengarnya untuk merenung dan mencari pengetahuan spiritual di tengah-tengah rasa sakit, bukan sekadar lagu tentang kesedihan.
Texto para Discussão 2983
Authors: Turchi Lenita , Codes Ana Luiza , Araújo Herton
Published: July 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral contribuir para o debate e a regulamentação da Política Nacional de Educação Digital (PNED) – Lei no 14.533/2023 –, focando a proposta de formação continuada dos professores. Mais especificamente, o texto analisa como os docentes no Brasil avaliam seus próprios conhecimentos e usos de tecnologias da informação e comunicação no período de retorno às atividades presenciais após a pandemia. Com isso, apresenta um panorama nacional da situação dos professores nesses quesitos, bem como uma análise sobre suas necessidades de formação para a utilização de tecnologias digitais. Entre os achados da análise, feita com base nos microdados da pesquisa TIC Educação 2022, realizada pelo Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação (Cetic.br), destaca-se que a maioria dos professores respondentes participaram de cursos ou treinamentos para usos pedagógicos de tecnologias digitais, os quais foram ofertados basicamente pelo setor público em 2021. Essa participação, porém, foi muito heterogênea, refletindo, entre outras dimensões, a desigualdade de oferta e apoio nos diversos estados do país. O estudo defende a necessidade de regulamentação da Lei no 14.533/2023, focando a integração com a política nacional de educação, e propõe que a política de educação digital faça parte do novo Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), constituindo-se em uma ou mais metas do PNE 2024-2034, ou mesmo permeando-o como tema transversal.
Texto para Discussão 2985
Authors: Cerqueira Daniel
Published: July 2024

A proibição de certas drogas psicoativas e a consequente repressão policial resultam em milhares de mortes por ações violentas no Brasil a cada ano. Neste trabalho, quantificamos a magnitude desse problema com base em alguns indicadores econômicos e de saúde pública. Tomando como referência o ano de 2017, estimamos que os homicídios relacionados ao proibicionismo das drogas levem a uma redução de expectativa de vida ao nascer dos brasileiros de 4,2 meses, ou a uma perda de 1,148 milhão de anos potenciais de vida. Seguindo a metodologia adotada por Daniel Cerqueira e Rodrigo Soares, estimamos ainda o custo de bem-estar dessa tragédia para o país, que corresponde a cerca de R$ 50 bilhões anuais, ou 0,77% do produto interno bruto (PIB).
Workload-Based Performance Tuning in Database Management Systems through Integration of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kalyan Jupudi Vamsi , Kishore Mysuru Nanda , Mekala Ritheesh
Published: July 2024

Traditional methods of performance tuning in Database Management Systems (DBMS) are facing significant challenges in adapting to the dynamic nature of modern workloads. Reactive approaches and static configurations often lead to performance bottlenecks and inefficient resource utilization. In response, this paper proposes a novel approach for workload-based performance tuning through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI). By leveraging AI techniques such as machine learning and predictive modeling, the proposed methodology aims to automate the analysis of workload patterns, predict future trends, and dynamically adjust DBMS configurations for optimal performance. The paper discusses the key components of the proposed methodology, including workload characterization, predictive modeling, and adaptive configuration management. A hypothetical case study in an e-commerce database environment illustrates the implementation and potential performance improvements achieved through AI-powered tuning. Furthermore, the paper explores real-world applications, future research directions, challenges, and best practices for implementing workload-based tuning with AI integration. Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive framework for leveraging AI to enhance DBMS performance, scalability, and efficiency in dynamic environments.
A Survey of Galaxy Pairs in the SDSS Photometric Images based on Faster-RCNN
Authors: Shi 史 Chen-hui 晨辉 , Yang 杨 Hai-feng 海峰 , Cai 蔡 Jiang-hui 江辉 , Zhou 周 Li-chan 立婵 , He 贺 Yan-ting 艳婷 , Su 苏 Mei-hong 美红 , Zhao 赵 Xu-jun 旭俊 , Xun 荀 Ya-ling 亚玲
Published: July 2024

Galaxy pairs hold significant importance in understanding the evolution of galaxies, and the extensive search for a large sample of galaxy pairs is meaningful. In this article, we develop a deep learning-based approach for the search of galaxy pairs and conduct a comprehensive search on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images. In nine million photometric images, 17,965 physical galaxy pairs with spectral or photometric redshifts are detected. Four sets of results are provided, including physical pairs determined by two spectral redshifts, two photometric redshifts, one spectral redshift, and one photometric redshift, and visual irregular pairs that have no precise redshift information but can be inferred as physical galaxy pairs based on the morphological changes. Then their morphological and physical characteristics are explored, the redshifts of most targets are around 0.1, and as the redshift difference between two galaxies increases, the number of galaxy pairs gradually reduces. The distributions of star formation rate (SFR) are not the same for different morphologies of galaxy pairs, irregular pairs have higher SFR than the other three types, and statistics indicate that the SFR of galaxies depends on both nearby galaxies and internal properties. Color and stellar mass are also key properties of galaxies which can reflect the status of galaxy pairs. Compared to other surveys, a greater number of galaxy pair targets are detected, and this is also the first extensive detection of galaxy pairs in SDSS images using photometric redshifts. These galaxy pair samples can greatly aid in the study of galaxy evolution.
A Radio Flare in the Long-lived Afterglow of the Distant Short GRB 210726A: Energy Injection or a Reverse Shock from Shell Collisions?
Authors: Schroeder Genevieve , Rhodes Lauren , Laskar Tanmoy , Nugent Anya , Rouco Escorial Alicia , Rastinejad Jillian C. , Fong Wen-fai , van der Horst Alexander J. , Veres Péter , Alexander Kate D. , Andersson Alex , Berger Edo , Blanchard Peter K. , Chastain Sarah , Christensen Lise , Fender Rob , Green David A. , Groot Paul , Heywood Ian , Horesh Assaf , Izzo Luca , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Körding Elmar , Lien Amy , Malesani Daniele B. , McBride Vanessa , Mooley Kunal , Rowlinson Antonia , Sears Huei , Stappers Ben , Tanvir Nial , Vergani Susanna D. , Wijers Ralph A. M. J. , Williams-Baldwin David , Woudt Patrick
Published: July 2024

We present the discovery of the radio afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 210726A, localized to a galaxy at a photometric redshift of z ∼ 2.4. While radio observations commenced ≲1 day after the burst, no radio emission was detected until ∼11 days. The radio afterglow subsequently brightened by a factor of ∼3 in the span of a week, followed by a rapid decay (a “radio flare”). We find that a forward shock afterglow model cannot self-consistently describe the multiwavelength X-ray and radio data, and underpredicts the flux of the radio flare by a factor of ≈5. We find that the addition of substantial energy injection, which increases the isotropic kinetic energy of the burst by a factor of ≈4, or a reverse shock from a shell collision are viable solutions to match the broadband behavior. At z ∼ 2.4, GRB 210726A is among the highest-redshift short GRBs discovered to date, as well as the most luminous in radio and X-rays. Combining and comparing all previous radio afterglow observations of short GRBs, we find that the majority of published radio searches conclude by ≲10 days after the burst, potentially missing these late-rising, luminous radio afterglows.
Identification of Hot Gas around Low-mass Protostars
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Riley Penelope , Mittal Sanil , Jørgensen Jes K. , Tobin John J.
Published: July 2024

The low carbon content of Earth and primitive meteorites compared to the Sun and interstellar grains suggests that carbon-rich grains were destroyed in the inner few astronomical units of the young solar system. A promising mechanism to selectively destroy carbonaceous grains is thermal sublimation within the soot line at ≳300 K. To address whether such hot conditions are common among low-mass protostars, we observe CH3CN transitions at 1, 2, and 3 mm with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array toward seven low-mass and one intermediate-mass protostar (L
bol ∼ 2–300L
⊙), as CH3CN is an excellent temperature tracer. We find >300 K gas toward all sources, indicating that hot gas may be prevalent. Moreover, the excitation temperature for CH3OH obtained with the same observations is always lower (∼135–250 K), suggesting that CH3CN and CH3OH have a different spatial distribution. A comparison of the column densities at 1 and 3 mm shows a stronger increase at 3 mm for CH3CN than for CH3OH. Since the dust opacity is lower at longer wavelengths, this indicates that CH3CN is enhanced in the hot gas compared to CH3OH. If this CH3CN enhancement is the result of carbon-grain sublimation, these results suggest that Earth’s initial formation conditions may not be rare.
First Detection of CO Isotopologues in a High-redshift Main-sequence Galaxy: Evidence of a Top-heavy Stellar Initial Mass Function
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Yan Zhiqiang , Gjergo Eda , Man Allison W. S. , Ivison R. J. , Fu Xiaoting , Shi Yong
Published: July 2024

Recent observations and theories have presented a strong challenge to the universality of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in extreme environments. A notable example has been found for starburst conditions, where evidence favors a top-heavy IMF, i.e., there is a bias toward massive stars compared to the IMF that is responsible for the stellar mass function and elemental abundances observed in the Milky Way. Local starburst galaxies have star formation rates similar to those in high-redshift main-sequence galaxies, which appear to dominate the stellar mass budget at early epochs. However, the IMF of high-redshift main-sequence galaxies is yet to be probed. Since 13CO and C18O isotopologues are sensitive to the IMF, we have observed these lines toward four strongly lensed high-redshift main-sequence galaxies using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Of our four targets, SDSS J0901+1814, at z ≈ 2.26, is seen clearly in 13CO and C18O, the first detection of CO isotopologues in the high-redshift main-sequence galaxy population. The observed 13C/18O ratio, 2.4 ± 0.8, is significantly lower than that of local main-sequence galaxies. We estimate the isotope ratio, oxygen abundance, and stellar mass using a series of chemical evolution models with varying star formation histories and IMFs. All models favor an IMF that is more top-heavy than that of the Milky Way. Thus, as with starburst galaxies, main-sequence galaxies in the high-redshift Universe have a greater fraction of massive stars than a Milky Way IMF would imply.
Seeing the Unseen: A Method to Detect Unresolved Rings in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Scardoni Chiara E. , Booth Richard A. , Clarke Cathie J. , Rosotti Giovanni P. , Ribas Álvaro
Published: July 2024

While high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations reveal a wealth of substructure in protoplanetary disks, they remain incapable of resolving the types of small-scale dust structures predicted, for example, by numerical simulations of the streaming instability. In this article, we propose a method to find evidence for unresolved, optically thick dusty rings in protoplanetary disks. We demonstrate that, in presence of unresolved rings, the brightness of an inclined disk exhibits a distinctive emission peak at the minor axis. Furthermore, the azimuthal brightness depends on both the geometry of the rings and the dust optical properties; we can therefore use the azimuthal brightness variations to both detect unresolved rings and probe their properties. By analyzing the azimuthal brightness in the test case of ringlike substructures formed by streaming instability, we show that the resulting peak is likely detectable by ALMA for typical disk parameters. Moreover, we present an analytic model that not only qualitatively but also quantitatively reproduces the peak found in the simulations, validating its applicability to infer the presence of unresolved rings in observations and characterize their optical properties and shape. This will contribute to the identification of disk regions where streaming instability (and thus planet formation) is occurring.
High-energy Neutrinos from Outflows Powered by the Kicked Remnants of Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Accretion Disks
Authors: Ma Zhi-Peng , Wang Kai
Published: July 2024

Merging of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) could take place within the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The resulting BH remnant is likely to accrete the disk gas at a super-Eddington rate, launching a fast, quasi-spherical outflow (wind). Particles will be accelerated by shocks driven by the wind, subsequently interacting with the shocked disk gas or radiation field through hadronic processes and resulting in the production of high-energy neutrinos and potential electromagnetic (EM) emission. This study delves into the intricate evolution of the shock driven by a merged BH wind within an AGN disk. Subsequently, we calculated the production of neutrinos and the expected detection numbers for a single event, along with their contributions to the overall diffuse neutrino background. Our analysis, which considers various scenarios, reveals considerable neutrino production and possible detection by IceCube for nearby events. The contribution of merged BH winds on the diffuse neutrino background is minor due to the low event rate density, but it can be improved to some extent for some optimistic parameters. We also propose that there could be two neutrino/EM bursts, one originating from the premerger BBH wind and the other from the merged BH wind, with the latter typically having a delay to the gravitational wave (GW) event of around tens of days. When combined with the anticipated GWs emitted during the BBH merger, such a system emerges as a promising candidate for joint observations involving neutrinos, GWs, and EM signals.
Revisiting γ-Ray Emission of the Supernova Remnant RCW 103
Authors: Xing Yi , Wang Zhongxiang , Zheng Dong
Published: July 2024

We analyze more than 15 yr of γ-ray data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) for the region of the young supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 103, since the nearby source 4FGL J1616.2−5054e, counterpart to HESS J1616−518 and ≃13′ away from the SNR, is determined to be extended in the more recent Fermi-LAT source catalog. Different templates for 4FGL J1616.2−5054e and RCW 103 are tested, and we find that a point source (PS) with a power-law (PL) spectrum at the southern limb of the SNR best describes the detected γ-ray emission. The photon index of the PL emission is Γ ≃ 2.31 (or α ≃ 2.4 in a log-parabola model), softer than the previously reported Γ ≃ 2.0 when the counterpart to HESS J1616−518 was considered to be a PS (which likely caused misidentification of extended emission at RCW 103). In order to produce the γ-ray emission in a hadronic scenario, we estimate that protons with an index ∼2.4 PL energy distribution are needed. These results fit with those from multiwavelength observations that have indicated the remnant at the southern limb is interacting with a molecular cloud.
Revision of the Oriental species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)
Authors: Reemer Menno , Sankararaman Hariharakrishnan
Published: July 2024

The species of the hoverfly genus Paramixogaster Brunetti, 1923 from the Oriental Region are revised. The resulting number of valid species is 15, of which the following four are described as new: P. halmaherensis Reemer, sp. nov., P. jubata Reemer, sp. nov., P. kodaiana Sankararaman & Reemer, sp. nov., and P. sulawesiana Reemer, sp. nov. Three new synonymies are established: Paramicrodon decipiens de Meijere, 1917, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Microdon vespiformis de Meijere, 1908; Paramixogaster wegneri Keiser, 1964, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Ceratophya indica Doleschall, 1857; Microdon subpetiolatus Thompson, 2020, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Microdon contractus Brunetti, 1923. Paramixogaster huoi Reemer, nom. nov. is introduced as a replacement name for P. trifasciatus Huo & Zhao, 2022, which is a primary homonym of P. trifasciatus Ssymank & Reemer, 2016. Neotypes are designated for Paramixogaster icariiformis Pendlebury, 1927 and Myxogaster variegata Sack, 1922, and a lectotype is designated for Microdon vespiformis de Meijere, 1908. An identification key to the species and diagnoses for all species are provided.
Oleaxonchium olearum gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) associated with an olive grove in the southern Iberian Peninsula, and new insights into the evolutionary relationships within Belondiridae
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes , García-Ruiz Miriam , Ruiz-Cuenca Alba N. , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: July 2024

A new belondirid, dorylaimid taxon, Oleaxonchium olearumgen. et sp. nov., collected from an olive grove in the Andalusia region of Spain, is characterised, including its morphological description, morphometrics, SEM study, and molecular (18S-, 28S-rDNA) analyses. The new genus displays a unique combination of traits that distinguishes it from its closest genera: a rectangular lip region with sclerotized margins when observed in lateral view and visibly hexagonal in face view under SEM; a comparatively long cheilostom with thickened walls at its anterior part; a short isthmus-like section separating both pharyngeal regions; a mono-opistho-ovarian didelphic female genital system without pars refringens vaginae; and a short and rounded tail. The new species is characterised by its 2.44–2.87 mm long body, lip region 7–7.5 µm wide, odontostyle 10–10.5 µm long, neck 723–973 µm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 63–72% of the total neck length, female anterior genital branch 4–6% of body length, tripartite posterior uterus 1.9–2.6 body diameters long, with a short intermediate section bearing sclerotized elements, vulva (V = 58–61) a transverse slit, caudal region 29–35 µm long (c = 74–89, c’ = 0.9–1.1), and male unknown. As derived from an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular data, the new genus is close to Metaxonchium, the polyphyly of Belondiridae is confirmed, and support is provided in favour of the monophyly of Axonchiinae.
Generalized exponential stability of stochastic Hopfield neural networks with variable coefficients and infinite delay
Authors: Ruan Dehao , Lu Yao
Published: July 2024

This paper centers on stochastic Hopfield neural networks with variable coefficients and infinite delay. First, we propose an integral inequality that improves and extends some existing works. Second, by employing some inequalities and stochastic analysis techniques, some sufficient conditions for ensuring $ p $th moment generalized exponential stability are established. Our results do not necessitate the construction of a complex Lyapunov function or rely on the assumption of bounded variable coefficients, and our results expand some existing works. At last, to illustrate the efficacy of our result, we present several simulation examples.
DiGIBST: An inquiry-based digital game-based learning pedagogical model for science teaching
Authors: Caparoso Jun Karren V. , Orleans Antriman V.
Published: July 2024

This research aims to propose a pedagogical model that structures the implementation of digital game-based learning (DGBL) in science classes. Design-based research guided the design, development, implementation, and redesign processes of the prototype pedagogical model. The principles that informed the design of the model were gleaned from empirical data on DGBL conditions in junior high schools and science teachers' DGBL practices and perceived barriers to implementing DGBL. Curriculum and science education experts reviewed the model and found it usable, adoptable, implementable, and appropriate for junior high school science classes. The lesson designed based on the model improved junior high school students' motivation to learn and achievement in science. Likewise, science teachers perceived the pedagogical model to be easy to use, useful in science teaching, beneficial for students, and able to enhance their teaching efficiency and productivity. This study is the first to propose a DGBL pedagogical model for science.
Becoming Community. Filmmakers Crafting Futures in an Andean Town
Authors: Dietrich Martha-Cecilia
Published: July 2024

In the aftermaths of the internal armed conflict in Peru (1980-2000), a group of film enthusiasts from the Andean highland town of Ayacucho began using cameras to tell their stories of violence in the region. According to scholarly analyses, these films reflect a collective trauma resulting from prolonged experiences of political violence and abandonment from the state. However, little attention has been given to the filmmakers’ creative practice and its impact on their community. To address this gap, this article takes a multimodal approach to ethnographically explore the circumstances and conditions in which these films are made. It argues that cinema-making in the Andes is a social intervention that resists contemporary memory regimes by forming a community of storytellers who reimagine the past to create alternative futures.
The Need to Be Seen, and the Need for Escapism.
Authors: Schillaci Rossella
Published: July 2024

This article presents an interdisciplinary, practice-based research project which aims to investigate the perception and the imaginaries – both present and future – of children living in a condition of imprisonment, using a multimodal approach and combining photography, animation, VR 360° video and ethnofiction to create an immersive media project. The article focuses on the use of photography and photo-elicitation to bring to the surface intimate and deep feelings connected to the fear and hope of children in prison.
Still Lifes
Authors: Neto Pedro Figueiredo
Published: July 2024

Withering Refuge (2020) is a film-article that explores visual representations of displacement and the possibilities of refuge amidst environmental decline, developmental and extractive endeavours, in and around Meheba Refugee Camp, Zambia. This article interrogates the tropes of still life artworks as it displays a collection of film stills from Withering Refuge. Selected images not only dialogue with the temporal, spatial and social stillness often depicted in still lifes and described in the forced migration literature as, drawing on the Latin version of still life (nature-morte), the piece ultimately invites readers-viewers to reflect on the current situation in the region and the uncertain prospects for those seeking refuge writ large.
Le Faust de Goethe entre stéréotypes nationaux et (re)lecture mythique
Authors: Paul Claude
Published: July 2024

À eux seuls, le motif et le titre du Faust de Goethe étaient d’emblée propices à une lecture stéréotypée de l’œuvre, et ce, de part et d’autre du Rhin. Si l’on ajoute à cela le caractère difficilement jouable de l’œuvre et sa remise en question de la règle classique française des trois unités, on obtient par ricochet, pour les critiques allemands comme français, une œuvre profondément germanique. Il ne reste plus qu’à chercher dans les principaux personnages de quoi raffermir des stéréotypes qui perdurent depuis César et Tacite, et le tour est joué. Néanmoins, le « Prologue dans le ciel » de Goethe, qui fait de Faust l’objet exemplaire d’une dispute métaphysique entre Dieu et le diable, confère à l’œuvre une dimension mythique dont le propos tend à l’universel. Or l’analyse comparée des discours critiques et des « adaptations plastiques » dans les aires culturelles germanophones et francophones montre que cette scène au potentiel mythique pourtant si riche ne parvient pas à endiguer le discours nationaliste qui s’abattra bientôt sur la tragédie de Goethe. Seul Delacroix reprendra à son compte les questions existentielles soulevées par le poète de Weimar afin de lui opposer une vision bien plus noire de l’homme et de sa destinée.
Les Principaux moments d’après le Faust de Goethe (Hauptmomente zu Goethes Faust) de Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein comme interprétation nazaréenne tardive d’un mythe clé de la modernité et ses prédécesseurs dresdois Moritz August Retzsch et Carl Gustav Carus
Authors: Vogel Gerd-Helge
Published: July 2024

Grâce aux premières illustrations du Faust de Goethe par Moritz August Retzsch, de 1808 à 1810, une réception artistique intensive de l’épopée nationale allemande s’est instituée dans l’art des artistes romantiques dresdois et s’est étendue bien au-delà du xixe siècle. Chaque génération d’artistes a abordé à sa manière ce mythe clé de la modernité en créant ses propres stéréotypes de la figure de Faust afin de pouvoir l’accaparer à ses propres fins idéologiques. Outre Moritz August Retzsch et Carl Gustav Carus, c’est surtout Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, peintre de cour saxon et professeur d’académie, qui s’est livré à une intense confrontation intellectuelle avec ses amis Retzsch et Carus – mais aussi avec le cercle intellectuel de l’Accademia Dantesca du prince Johann. Il a conçu une œuvre d’art riche en scènes dans laquelle la figure de Faust n’était plus considérée comme un stéréotype de l’homme qui fait un pacte avec le diable et finit en enfer, châtié de sa présomption et de son arrogance, mais comme un « homme noble doué d’éminentes qualités » (Vogelstein), qui expérimente sa purification à travers « divers processus de développement et métamorphoses de l’homme intérieur [avec la] nécessité [de passer par] le péché et qui fait l’expérience de la purification afin que le divin [en lui] » (Carus) puisse se libérer. Dans une perspective nazaréenne tardive, Vogelstein a établi un parallèle entre le processus de purification du développement humain vers le bien, vécu par Faust, et les transformations éprouvées par les protagonistes de La Divine Comédie de Dante et de l’Énéide de Virgile. En même temps, Retzsch et Carus, par leurs propres représentations de Faust, ont préparé la figure faustienne positivement connotée de Vogelstein. Ce dernier stéréotype montre un être humain tombé dans le péché par nécessité, mais capable de purification. Sa quête du sens et de la connaissance permet finalement d’espérer la possibilité d’un salut (chrétien).
Codes de la négativité. Iconographies de Méphistophélès, 1808-1828
Authors: Klausnitzer Ralf
Published: July 2024

Depuis le début de leur transmission historique au début de l’ère moderne, ils forment un couple inséparable : le savant Faust et son partenaire diabolique Méphistophélès entretiennent une relation complexe qui a fortement inspiré l’histoire des idées et de la littérature tout comme les arts visuels du xvie au xxe siècle. Les deux parties du Faust de Johann Wolfgang Goethe constituent sans nul doute un point culminant dans la conception de cette relation aux dimensions multiples. Cette œuvre dramatique ne modernise pas seulement le personnage du savant des débuts de l’ère moderne, exemplifiant grâce à lui les traits de la quête constante du savoir et du plaisir. Elle modernise également la figure de son partenaire diabolique Méphistophélès. Jusqu’à l’œuvre de Goethe, le diable apparaissait surtout comme l’adversaire du Dieu chrétien et du plan de salut divin. Désormais, il est « l’esprit qui toujours nie » et représente le principe de négativité ainsi que les processus dialectique et rhétorique. Chez Goethe, Méphistophélès est à la fois le représentant du système de connaissances des débuts de l’ère moderne et le convive de la nuit de Walpurgis médiévale ; il invente le papier-monnaie, important pour l’économie et la spéculation capitaliste financière. Il joue les animateurs d’une société de cour avide de divertissements et, en tant que trompeur trompé, il finit par perdre sa proie. Ces aspects innovants du personnage de Méphistophélès se vérifient à l’examen de son iconographie traditionnelle : les innovations de Goethe sont reconnaissables en regard de l’imagerie historique et des représentations stéréotypées de Méphistophélès. Ainsi l’article reconstruit d’abord les attributs et les modèles de représentation visuelle du diable dans l’histoire de l’art depuis l’Histoire du docteur Johannes Faustus (1587). Il traite ensuite les illustrations et images d’après Faust I réalisées entre l’édition originale (1808) et la traduction française assortie des lithographies d’Eugène Delacroix (1828). Une attention particulière est accordée aux représentations traditionnelles héritées du début de l’ère moderne (Méphistophélès en chasseur et en moine ; Méphistophélès ailé et velu, etc.) et à leur négation dialectique dans les œuvres des frères Riepenhausen, Moritz Retzsch et Delacroix.