bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-schoolers’ Behavioural and Emotional Problems During the First Quarantine Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Parental Distress and Screen Time
Authors: Rakickienė Lauryna , Jusienė Roma , Baukienė Edita , Breidokienė Rima
Published: October 2021

Lithuania was one of the countries that applied quarantine during the rise of COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, the duration of which was three months (from March 16th, 2020 to June 16th, 2020). Despite emerging literature showing negative effects of quarantine on children’s mental health, insight into specific risk factors is lacking due to limited longitudinal data. The aim of the present study was to analyse changes in Lithuanian pre-schoolers’ emotional and behavioural problems during the first quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic and their relations to the potential risk factors such as parental distress and increase in daily screen time. Parents of 78 children aged 4 to 6 (31% girls and 69% boys, mean age at the first measurement 66.1 months (SD = 10.33)) completed Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL/1½-5), questions on children’s screen time and physical activity and reported their distress before the quarantine (November 2019–February 2020) and at the end of it (May–June 2020). Results showed that children had more behavioral problems, spent more time on screens and were less physically active during the quarantine, and their parents were experiencing more distress than before. However, parental distress emerged as the only variable that predicted preschoolers’ emotional and behavioral problems during the quarantine after a child’s previous problems were taken into account. This highlights the importance of targeting support towards families raising children with behavioral problems, as the challenges they were already facing increase during quarantine and their parents may be more susceptible to less desirable practices such as providing children with more screen time as a way to cope with this situation.
Dialect Dictionary as a Source of Texts of Ethnic Knowledge
Authors: Ragaišienė Vilija
Published: October 2021

The article examines the specifics of the preparation of dialect dictionaries – the goal and purpose, the principles of material selection and presentation. The research carried out shows that a comprehensive dialect dictionary must present the totality of words used in a dialect and reflect the most important distinguishing features of the dialect – phonetic, accentual, morphological, syntactic, semantic and stylistic fields of data. Therefore, when collecting material for a future dictionary, it is necessary to take into account three important things: 1) method of data collection, 2) themes of oral and written texts, 3) principles of compiling a database.Properly selected illustrative sentences of a comprehensive dialectal dictionary are meant to reveal the so-called microstructure of a dictionary entry, and show a broader structure of the concepts researched than demonstrated in the lexicographic definition of words.A dialect dictionary is a cultural and historical phenomenon that records the level and peculiarities of the knowledge of the world of an ethnic group at a certain period of time. Texts reveals people’s ethnic values, their attitudes towards social and religious relationships, everyday phenomena, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive dialect dictionary is to be considered as a multi-layered text of ethnic knowledge, revealing the heritage of material and spiritual culture passed down from generation to generation by a particular ethnic group. A dictionary like this regulates the most important areas of man’s life: establishes the rules of behaviour and etiquette, describes customs, provides knowledge about folk remedies and economic activities, explains world phenomena, provides fragments of mythical worldviews and so forth.
Compilation and Dissemination of Lithuanian Paremias: Contemporary Resources
Authors: Zaikauskienė Dalia
Published: October 2021

The Collection of Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases built by the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius presents a thorough view of the corpus of traditional paremias. A larger part of the Collection consists of archival data, another one – of paremias collected from written sources.Archival data – that is paremias mostly from the Lithuanian Folklore Archive (LTR), Lithuanian Scientific Society’s Archive (LMD). These texts are mainly samples of the spoken language and dialects. The oldest archive collections are from the 19th century. Another large part of Lithuanian paremias compilation consists of texts collected from written sources. It is worth to mention, that we have around 1500 proverbs from the period of the 16th to the 18th centuries.The collection is accessible through three resources: they are the Card Index, the publication “Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases” (LPP), and The Electronic Compilation of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (eLPP).The Card Index was the first organized and systematized resource of Lithuanian paremias and served as the base for LPP and eLPP. The Card Index was created in 1970–1990 following the initiative of professor Kazys Grigas, who was also the author of the system of it. There are around 50 000 proverb types and more than 200 000 variant texts in the Card Index.At the end of the 20th century, LPP was started to be compiled. There have been three volumes published until now (Vol. 1 – 2000, Vol. 2 – 2008, Vol. 3 – 2019). LPP presents carefully sorted data without duplicates, copies, and fakes, and it has some additional data: Lithuanian paremias equivalents (in Latvian, Polish, German, English, Latin, and Russian) and type titles’ translations into English, German, and Russian.In 1998, eLPP was started and in 2018, after receiving funding from the Lithuanian Research Council (LMTLT), the database was updated. Now, the database also has an English version. eLPP includes the Card Index’ data and LPP data as well, with an exception of paremias variants. Due to the recently observed rising need to find an explanation of a saying, the category “Interpretation” has been introduced. The newly programmed search engine now contains functions of a simple search, advanced search, and selection lists. The database address is http://archyvas.llti.lt/elpp/lt, an email for comments and questions is patarles@llti.lt.
Ethnolinguistic Information about RUGYS (Rye) in Lithuanian Dialect Dictionaries
Authors: Sakalauskienė Vilija
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School.An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance.Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds.The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.
The Human and the World in Axiological Space of Contemporary Young Poles (based on questionnaire survey materials)
Authors: Żywicka Beata
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to outline the image of human and the world shaped in the common linguistic and axiological awareness by contemporary young Poles over the course of 20 years (from 1990 to 2010). The research material comes from experimental data (abbreviated as ASA) collected in three research actions carried out in 1990, 2000 and 2010. In the image of a human, drawn by young respondents, dominated mainly psychosocial (helping others, love, kindness, responsibility, empathy, respect for another human being, understanding, friendship), psychological (intelligence / reasoning, thinking ability, feelings, joy, honesty) and ethical (honesty, morality, dignity, free will, good, honor, living in harmony with one̛s conscience, with values). They created an idealized image of a rational, intelligent man, endowed with human dignity, honest, guided by moral principles, living in harmony with his own conscience. It is a man (homo / persona socialis) who helps other people, coexists, interacts, and cooperates with others because he depends on the social group, and the social group depends on him, which in turn translates into his basic relationships and gained experiences.On the other hand, in the picture of the world cited by ASA respondents, two different ways of understanding it met: purely physical, as a globe, and social, as a community of people. These two perspectives have several common elements. The world identified with the Earth (globe) is perceived as the living environment, the place where people live. It is a human world (res humanae), intended for people because they give it the meaning of existence. The world seen as a diversity that forms a whole, consisting of many life forms coexisting with each other, appears as a specific universe.The analysis of the collected material proved that for contemporary young Poles, the essence of each person is definitely expressed in his humanity, often called human dignity, while the essence of the world is undoubtedly determined by the people who live in it.
Effect of Oriented Nuclei on the Competing Modes of α and One-Proton Radioactivities in the Vicinity of Z = 82 Shell Closure
Authors: Kaur Sarbjeet , Singh BirBikram , Patra S. K.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the present work is to investigate the alpha (α) emission as competing mode of one proton emission using the preformed cluster decay model (PCM). PCM is based on the quantummechanical tunneling mechanism of penetration of the preformed fragments through a potential barrier, calculated within WKB approximation. To explore the competing aspects of α and one proton radioactivity, we have chosen emitters present immediately above and below the Z = 82 shell closure i.e. 177Tl and 185Bi by taking into account the effects of deformations (β2) and orientations of outgoing nuclei. The minimized values of fragmentation potential and maximized values of preformation probability (P0) for proton and alpha fragment demonstrated the crucial role played by even Z - even N daughter and shell closure effect of Z = 82 daughter, in 177Tl and 185Bi, respectively. The higher values of P0 of the one proton further reveal significance of nuclear structure in the proton radioactivity. From the comparison of proton and α decay, we see that the former is heavily dominating with larger values of P0 in comparison to the later. Theoretically calculated half-lives of one proton and α emission for spherical and deformed considerations have also been compared with available experimental data.
Binary and Ternary Fragmentation Analysis of 252Cf Nucleus using Different Nuclear Radii
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Manoj K.
Published: October 2021

Pioneering study reveals that a radioactive nucleus may split into two or three fragments and the phenomena are known as binary fission and ternary fission respectively. In order to understand the nuclear stability and related structure aspects, it is of huge interest to explore the fragmentation behavior of a radioactive nucleus in binary and ternary decay modes. In view of this, Binary and ternary fission analysis of 252Cf nucleus is carried out using quantum mechanical fragmentation theory (QMFT). The nuclear potential and Coulomb potential are estimated using different versions of radius vector. The fragmentation structure is found to be independent to the choice of fragment radius for binary as wellas ternary decay paths. The deformation effect is included up to quadrupole (β2) with optimum cold orientations and their influence is explored within binary splitting mode. Moreover, the most probable fission channels explore the role of magic shell effects in binary and ternary fission modes.
Appearance / Disappearance of Magic Number in Light Nuclei
Authors: Karthika C. , Kokila C. , Balasubramaniam M.
Published: October 2021

The shell structure of a nucleus is important to study their observed characteristic features. The classic magic numbers are successful in explaining the nuclear properties for nuclei lying near the stability line. The advent of radioactive ion beam facilities has permitted to examine nuclei in their extreme proton to neutron ratio. The light exotic nuclei were found to exhibit unique shell closure behaviour which is different from the medium mass nuclei near the stability line. The two nucleon separation energy difference systematics was used as a probe to study the magic character of light nuclei. New proton and neutron magic numbers were predicted among the available even Z isotopes and even N isotones. For certain systems, the classic magic numbers were found to be non-magic, while for some systems the magic property is retained even at the drip lines. The shell closure behaviour predicted is found to depend on the version of the mass table.
Nonfactorizable Contribution to B-Meson Decays to s-Wave Mesons
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Singh Supreet Pal , Verma R. C.
Published: October 2021

Two-body weak decays of bottom mesons into two pseudoscalar and pseudoscalar and vector mesons, are examined under isospin analysis to study nonfactorizable contribution.
Hypertension in Women: Should There be a Sex-specific Threshold?
Authors: Gerdts Eva , de Simone Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Conventionally, hypertension is defined by the same blood pressure (BP) threshold (systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg) in both women and men. Several studies have documented that women with hypertension are more prone to develop BP-associated organ damage and that high BP is a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women than men. While healthy young women have lower BP than men, a steeper increase in BP is found in women from the third decade of life. Studies have documented that the BP-attributable risk for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), heart failure and AF increases at a lower level of BP in women than in men. Even high normal BP (130–139/80–89 mmHg) is associated with an up to twofold higher risk of ACS during midlife in women, but not in men. Whether sex-specific thresholds for definition of hypertension would improve CVD risk detection should be considered in future guidelines for hypertension management and CVD prevention.
From “the unpublished edition” to “the iconic book of the twentieth century”: The reception history of Gustaw Herling’s Un mondo a parte in Italy
Authors: Śniedziewska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The article presents the reception history of one book (“Un mondo a parte”) in four different historical periods. The key social, political, and historical transformations in post‑war Italy will provide an important context for the reflection. “The unpublished edition” from 1958 is now part of the canon of twentieth‑century world literature. The belated and turbulent reception history of “Un mondo a parte” in Italy was conditioned by ideology and can also be read as the story of the slow discovery of Gustaw Herling as a writer whose books are published in Italian.
Językowe świadectwa przemian społeczno-kulturowych w najnowszej czeszczyźnie (na materiale Czeszczyzny 2.0.)
Authors: Korbut Joanna
Published: October 2021

This dissertation focuses on characteristic of modern Czech language, reflecting the socio-cultural changes taking place in Czech society in last decades. It is obvious that new experiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently, that is why cultural and social background in general and its relation to language will be considered. Attention is paid to the most important terms of the topic under study – vulgarism, cultural correctness, loanwords, economy of language, colloquialization of written and spoken Czech.
Meckel’s diverticulum as a cause of intestinal obstruction
Authors: Garrido-Márquez I. , Dávila-Arias C. , Moya-Sánchez E.
Published: October 2021

Meckel’s diverticulum is the commonest congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It occurs due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric duct. Its diagnosis is usually incidental, but in approximately a third of cases, it produces symptoms due to complications. One of them is small bowel obstruction, which is the second most frequent form of presentation, so the knowledge of embryology, anatomy, clinical presentation and its imaging findings are important in order to perform a correct surgical treatment.
Use of ionizing radiations in diagnostic studies in an institution of health of Ecuador
Authors: Cadenas-Martínez R. , Sornoza-Mieles S. , Torres-Puentes J.
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of professionals working in the radiology area of a public hospital in the city of Portoviejo, province of Manabí, Ecuador, on the application of ionizing radiation in diagnostic studies and their involvement in the use of protective measures.
Methods: A questionnaire with closed questions was applied on the protection measures adopted by practitioners and the radiation doses they apply to patients, among others, to all occupationally exposed workers of the radiology service of the mentioned hospital.
Results: The professionals surveyed show a moderate knowledge about the application of ionizing radiation, regardless of their years of experience and profession. Due to the type of radiological application, professionals only use shielding as a protection measure, but not personal dosimeters during operation with X-ray equipment.
Conclusions: Professionals have received similar and adequate training; however, radiation update courses are required, particularly concerning radiation protection.
Application of M. Heidenhain’s ferric haematoxylin for the study of semi-thin sections (human adenohypophysis)
Authors: Gómez-Navarro M.E. , López-Cepero J.M.
Published: October 2021

Heidenhain´s iron hematoxylin has been one of the most useful methods of classical cytology. Its ability to stain simultaneously many cell and extracellular structures makes it a general purpose histological technique.
This current work describes its application to semithin sections, using human adenohypophysis, discussing the staining mechanism and showing his usefulness to evidence cytological variability and to perform image analysis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGEN-INDUCED PHENOTYPE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA TREATED WITH GLUCOSEMINYLMURAMILDIPEPTIDE
Authors: Sitdikova T. S. , Prosekova E. V. , Zhdanova O. L.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: to study the changes in quantitative values and functional activity of immunocompetent cells on application of glucoseminylmuramildipeptide in children with allergen-induced phenotype of bronchial asthma.

We have performed an integrated assessment of parameters of innate and acquired immunity in 60 children at the age of 3-11 years old with allergen-induced bronchial asthma (BA) with mild clinical course of disease, and in 30 healthy children of the same age. BA phenotypes were verified in accordance with PRACTALL international consensus report (2008). Study exclusion criteria were: severe course of bronchial asthma and application of immunocorrecting therapy during preceding six months. We conducted a prospective parallel open study of the effect of glucoseminylmuramildipeptide on the parameters of immunocompetent cells during three months with division into two control groups by random sampling technique on the basis of therapy being performed. To analyze the venous blood cells, we used flow cytofluorometer COULTER EPICS XL by Beckman Coulter Inc. Cytokine levels were determined using immunoenzyme method with reagents by R&D Diagnostics Inc (USA) and IgE – with reagents by Alkor Bio Company (St. Petersburg), production of cytokines – using reagents by Vektor-Best (Novosibirsk). Statistical processing of data was performed using Statistica 10 program with significance level p < 0.05, assessment of correlations by Spearman correlation analysis, multidimensional correlation analysis with V.P. Terentyev’s method of correlation pleiades (1959) and testing for normal distribution of characteristic values (Shapiro–Wilk). The scope of our study permitted to evaluate its findings with accuracy 95-99%.

The changes of the adaptive response system in children with allergen-induced phenotype of BA were characterized by the intensified proliferation, suppression of negative regulation processes, activation of synthesis of Th2-profile cytokines, and intensified synthesis of IgE.

The identified impairments of availability, functional activity of immunocompetent cells and cytokine production were preserved in application of inhaled corticosteroids therapy, with further decreasing of IFNγ synthesis.

Application of glucoseminylmuramildipeptide in children with BA provided for reduction of spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of IL-4 and correction of deviated structural and functional characteristics of immunocompetent cells.

Incorporation of glucoseminylmuramildipeptide into therapeutic regimens for allergen-induced phenotype of BA in children promoted normalization of parameters of the cellular component of immune system, amelioration of Th1/Th2-imbalance, increase of Th1 activity, and adequate spontaneous and induced production of IFNγ by peripheral blood cells.
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BIOMARKERS AND CYTOKINES OF MYOCARDITIS-FREE PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE AND ISCHEMIC SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Ogurkova O. N. , Kruchinkina E. V. , Gusakova A. M. , Suslova T. E. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: October 2021

The development and progression of heart failure is associated with a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, of particular interest is the study of the inflammatory response as a fundamental link in the pathogenesis of CHF and its main component – decompensation. An open, non-randomized, prospective study was carried out to evaluate the clinical and morphological features of subclinical inflammation in patients with acute decompensation of ischemic chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. The study included 25 patients with decompensated ischemic CHF with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% aged 35 to 75 years (60.12±9.3 y. o.). In this study the dynamics of the serum content of C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal fragment of the brain natriuretic peptide precursor protein (NT-proBNP), soluble ST2(sST2), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was performed by multiplex immunoassay using the FLEXMAP 3D. All studied patients were divided into two groups depending on the diagnosed myocarditis: patients with no signs of myocarditis and patients with myocarditis. It was found that in the group of patients with diagnosed myocarditis there was an increased content of CRP, IGF-1R, IL-6 and IL-10, TNFα compared to the group of patients without myocarditis. The median concentrations of the NT-proBNP and sST2 in both groups did not differ. At the follow-up visit a year later, there was a decrease in the content of CRP, NT-proBNP, IL-6 in both groups. In the group of patients with myocarditis, an increase in the content of sST2, IGF-1R, IL-10 was observed. Thus, the study carried out in dynamics revealed significant differences in the degree of changes in the serum activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with decompensated heart failure with systolic dysfunction with diagnosed myocarditis and in its absence.
EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-VIRAL CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN CHRONIC MIXED HERPES VIRAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Khalturina E. O.
Published: October 2021

The steady increase in the number of autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated autoinflammatory processes causes an increased interest of doctors of all specialties in this topic and makes the issue of early detection of autoimmune disorders / autoimmune syndrome (AS) extremely urgent. These disorders often develop against the backdrop of an atypical stream of chronic active viral infections caused by persistent viruses, in particular those of the Herpesviridae family, and remain undiagnosed due to polysymptomatic disease, and various “clinical masks” of the disorders caused by them. The semi-quantitative method developed by us for screening assessment of the content of autoantibodies in the blood serum of patients suffering from ACAI caused by herpes viruses using the ELISA method (Immunodot) is a highly specific screening method that can allow for an objective assessment of the dynamics of the autoimmune process, as well as control the effectiveness of the ongoing complex antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. The detection of autoantibodies of various specificity in the blood serum of patients suffering from an atypical chronic active infection caused by herpes viruses (ACAI) is an early diagnostic marker, necessary, first of all, to identify autoimmune pathology of the nervous system, which is associated with a long course of the active mixed herpes-viral process.
LYMPH NODE REGULATORY T-CELL IN Muc2-/- MICE WITH HELICOBACTER SPP.
Authors: Achasova K. M. , Gvozdeva O. V. , Kozhevnikova E. N. , Litvinova E. A.
Published: October 2021

The immune processes associated with the formation of resistance to pathogens in the intestine depend on the microbiome. The maintenance of homeostasis in the intestine is provided by regulatory T-cells. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both a disturbance of the T-regulatory function and changes in microflora are observed. Aggravation of the disease is accompanied by various infections. However, pathobionts such as Helicobacter spp., can affect regulatory T-cells. One of the genetic models for studying IBD is Muc2 knockout mice. In these mice, as in humans with IBD, intestinal epithelial and immune cells closely interact with the microflora. It is believed that the immune cells of the lymph nodes Muc2-/- mice are sensitive to changes in the microflora formed in them. In this study, the effect of Helicobacter spp. on the number and percentage of different types of leukocytes and T regulatory cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Muc2-/- mice was studied. The number of CD45+CD19+, CD45+CD3+, CD45+CD3+CD4+, CD45+CD3+CD8+-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Muc2-/- mice was significantly higher to compare with wild-type Muc2+/+ mice. However, the presence of infection in Muc2-/- mice canceled the increase in the number of CD45+CD19+, CD45+CD3+, CD45+CD3+CD4+, CD45+CD3+CD8+-cells. In wild-type Muc2+/+ mice, infection had no significant effect on cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. This change in the decrease in immune cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes under the Helicobacter spp. may be associated with the activation of regulatory T-cells. Indeed, it has been shown that the presence of a congenital Helicobacter spp. infection increased of the number of regulatory T-cells (CD45+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Well known that regulatory T-cells mediate anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. Thus, an increase in regulatory T-cells promotes a decrease in all types of immune cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Muc2-/- mice infected with Helicobacter spp. It could provide an improvement in the vital functions of these mice and possibly reduces inflammatory responses in the intestine. This may indicate that some congenital pathobionts activate of the regulatory mechanisms of immunity and, thereby, have a beneficial effect on the host.
PERSONALIZED PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEMS, METABOLIC AND NEUROPSYCHIC PARAMETERS IN CHRONIC BRAIN ISCHEMIA OF STAGE I AND II ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSION DISEASE
Authors: Konoplya A. I. , Shulginova A. A. , Bystrova N. A. , Gavrilyuk V. P. , Ryzhikova G. N.
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to develop a personalized pharmacological correction of immune, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) stages I and II. The study included 104 patients, of which 76 were female and 28 were male, with CCI on the background of grade II hypertension, of which 52 patients were with stage I and 52 with stage II at the age of 50±5 years. Clinical and laboratory parameters were studied in 22 healthy donors of the same age who formed a control group. Patients with CCI were randomized according to gender, age, treatment method, concomitant pathology, and duration of the disease. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory data was carried out at the beginning of treatment and 2 weeks after its end. The sorption capacity of erythrocytes and the sorption capacity of the glycocalyx (SEG), the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, the state of the antioxidant system were determined in blood plasma and erythrocytes, the level of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (SMNO), neopterin, C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-18, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-10), immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA), complement system components (C3, C4, C5, C5A), phagocytic and oxygen-dependent activity of polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes. It has been established that for patients with CCI I with high concentrations of IL-8, IL-10, SMNO and a low SEG index, the intake of Cereton and Actovegin or Ceraxon and Mexicor will be insufficient for effective correction of immunometabolic disorders, which requires additional administration of an immunomodulator. Patients with CCI II, who have a higher plasma level of TNFα, IL-10 and low SEG values, need to prescribe Ceraxon, Mexicor and Glutoxim or Ceraxon, Mexicor and Polyoxidonium in order to obtain the maximum clinical and laboratory positive effect.
QUANTITATIVE EXPRESSION FEATURES OF PD-1 AND TIM-3 CHECKPOINT MOLECULE RECEPTORS ON CD4⁺ AND CD8⁺ T-CELLS IN BREAST CANCER OF VARYING PROGRESSION DEGREES
Authors: Shevchenko Yu. A. , Kuznetsova M. S. , Khantakova Yu. N. , Obleukhova I. A. , Khristin A. A. , Sidorov S. V. , Sennikov S. V.
Published: October 2021

During the course of chronic viral infections or tumor growth, due to the constant presence of antigen and inflammation, a dysfunctional state of T-cells called exhaustion occurs. Factors associated with T-cell exhaustion include an increase in the expression of various inhibitory receptors, also known as checkpoint molecules, which leads to inhibition of the proliferation and production of mediators such as IL-2, IFNγ, and TNFα.

The TIM-3 molecule is expressed on a variety of immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and T-cells, and mediates suppressive activity on immune cells. Sustained expression of the PD-1 receptor on T-lymphocytes is also associated with the exhaustion phenotype, while it remains unclear how the expression of these inhibitory receptors normally differs from that in pathological conditions of the body, which are characterized by an increase in the number of exhausted T-cells.

The aim of the study was to determine the relative and absolute number of T-cells expressing PD-1 and TIM-3, as well as the number of PD-1 and TIM-3 molecules on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells in healthy donors and breast cancer (BC) patients. Group of BC patients were conditionally divided into two groups depending on the degree of disease progression into patients with primary (without metastases) and metastatic BC.

As a result of the study, it was shown that an increase in the absolute number of PD-1+CD4+T-cells is observed in breast cancer patients. The absolute number of molecules per cell is also higher in BC patients compared to healthy donors. For patients, a tendency towards an increase in the absolute number of TIM-3+CD4+T-cells was shown in comparison with healthy donors and in a row from primary disease to metastatic BC.

Thus, differences in the expression pattern of TIM-3 and PD-1 checkpoint molecules are observed when comparing the norm and malignant pathology of the breast, and can become an important marker of the functional state of T-lymphocytes in BC patients.
ROLE OF THE CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRAIN CONTUSION
Authors: Norka A. O. , Vorobyev S. V. , Kuznetsova R. N. , Serebriakova M. K. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Kovalenko S. N.
Published: October 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common pathologies of the central nervous system in the world, and the use of structural neuroimaging methods – computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – often doesn’t allow assessment of the severity of the brain injury that has occurred. This situation predetermines the need to search for new methods of differential diagnosis of the severity of TBI and predicting the risk of consequences.

One of these promising areas is the study of the immune status, since traumatic brain injury is characterized by a high rate of complications.

One of these promising areas is the study of the immune status in patients with TBI in the acute period. It is now known that in response to brain damage, a response from the immune system is triggered.

The reactions from the immune system, which develop after brain injury and directed against its own antigens, in the early period of the disease are related to damage to the nervous tissue. However, according to the latest available data, they are subsequently able to stimulate the processes of repair and regeneration in the brain tissue. In the course of damage to the nervous tissue, in response to endogenous molecules formed during the destruction of cells and the extracellular matrix, the cells of the immune system are activated.

Current evidence indicates that T-cells play a role in both the formation of secondary damage and repair mechanisms. They are able to protect neurons through the production of neurotrophic factors such as brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which stimulates the growth of neurons, the formation of synapses.

Using multicolor cytometric analysis within the framework of this work, a study was carried out to determine the number of the main subpopulations of CD3+CD4+-lymphocytes. The relative number of Th17 (CXCR5- CXCR3- CCR6+CCR4- ) and Th17/Th22 (CXCR5- CXCR3- CCR6+CCR4+), Th1/Th17 (CXCR5- CXCR3+CCR6+CCR4- ) among total CD45RA-negative CD3+CD4+-cells population is significantly increased in comparison with the values in the control group, in turn, the Th1(CXCR5- CXCR3+CCR6- CCR4- ) subpopulations among total CD45RA-negative CD3+CD4+-cells are significantly decreased with the values in the control group. The results obtained so far make it possible to consider immune responses among the key links in the pathogenesis of brain contusion TBI. And, perhaps, a comprehensive immunological examination of the victims in the first day after the injury will determine the parameters that will help predict the nature of possible complications in patients with brain contusion.
STIMULATING EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE HEPARIN ON MIGRATION ACTIVITY AND MSC STEMNESS PRESERVATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BONE-SUBSTITUTING MATERIALS
Authors: Norkin I. K. , Yurova K. A. , Khaziakhmatova O. G. , Melashchenko E. S. , Malashchenko V. V. , Shunkin E. O. , Khlusov I. A. , Litvinova L. S.
Published: October 2021

Synthetic materials used in regenerative medicine, upon implantation, induce the development of an inflammatory reaction necessary for the effective regeneration of damaged bone tissue. Implant contact with tissues is accompanied by the deposition of blood proteins and interstitial fluid on its surface, contributing to the activation of the complement system, components of innate immunity, initiating coagulation hemostasis, leading to the formation of a fibrin clot. An extracellular matrix based on fibrin, collagen and elastin forms on the implant’s surface, which provides the basis for the formation of tissue structure through the adhesion of stem cells to the forming bone callus before the formation of bone regenerate. To prevent the development of postoperative pathological conditions caused by hypercoagulable syndrome, therapeutic strategies are used to use anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin). However, their use limits the normal formation of a fibrin clot in vivo. This can slow down the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and disrupt the formation of callus, inhibiting the processes of osseointegration of the implant and bone healing. The study’s goal was to study the effect of heparin in a gradient of low and high concentrations on the migration activity and stem capacity of human MSCs underin vitrocultivation conditions. According to the results of flow cytometry, it was revealed that high concentrations of heparin (130, 260 IU/ml) in a 2D cultivation model contribute to an increase in the number of cells expressing surface markers CD73 and CD90, which indicates that MSCs retain high clonogenic potential. A 3D model ofin vitrocultivation with the addition of heparin and osteosubstituting implants bearing a CF coating with a roughness index of Ra = 2.6-4.9 μm contributed to preserving the “stemness” character of MSCs through the expression of surface markers CD73 and CD90. According to the results obtained using the xCELLigence system, heparin at a later time (from 20-40 hours) increases the invasion of MSCs through micropores that simulate the state of the blood vessel walls. However, in the presence of HAP nanoparticles that mimic the remodeling processes of the mineral bone matrix and/or resorption of bone cement, the effect of heparin was less pronounced. The results can be used in the field of regenerative medicine associated with the introduction of MSCs. The data can serve as a prerequisite for developing new therapeutic strategies for surgical patients with a high risk of postoperative thrombosis after osteosynthesis.
PLASMA Th1/Th2/Th17 CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CYTOKINE GENE POLYMORPHISMS (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN: A MAGNETIC MULTIPLEX ASSAY
Authors: Smolnikova M. V. , Gorbacheva N. N. , Shubina M. V. , Tereschenko S. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The study of the bronchial asthma pathogenesis is an urgent problem due to its high prevalence and often developing uncontrolled severe ashma, including in childhood. The first signs of asthma development tend to occur in childhood, which causes deterioration in the patient’s quality of life and early disability. Since BA is a genetically mediated process, the severity of the disease is assumed to depend on the presence of a specific allelic variant in the mediator (e.g. cytokines) genes involved in the BA pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to search for immunogenetic markers of severe asthma in Slavs children living in Krasnoyarsk city. The quantitative indicators of the Th1/Th2/Th17-cytokine profile in children with bronchial asthma (BA) with varying disease severity, depending on the polymorphism of cytokine genes, using the method of multiplex analysis (xMAP), were first determined. Changes in the cytokine background in BA patients fit into the concept that a percentage of neutrophilic endotype, which performs its functions through Th1 and Th17-lymphocytes in severe asthma, increases. In addition, the cytokine profile data depending on concomitant acute respiratory infections were obtained. There was an imbalance when analyzing the cytokine plasma level, with a tendency to maintain the protective functions of the immune system among patients in remission. Distribution of cytokine genes was obtained: allelic variants of IL12B rs321220*G, IL13 rs1800925*C, IL31 rs7977932*C and IL33 rs7044343*T are the most common in the population sampling from Krasnoyarsk. The probability of the genotype association of cytokine genes (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) with the state of the immune system in bronchial asthma with varying disease severity in children was studied: a significant association of the TT genotype IL12B rs3212220 with a low concentration of IL-12B was presented. Our data obtained can be used along with the previously obtained immunogenetic markers of severe and uncontrolled asthma in children for patient-specific prognosis of the disease nature.
Professional Safety in the daily life of primary health care: grounded theory
Authors: Gontijo Mariana Delfino , Freitas Amanda Tainara Souza , Maia Amanda Ferreira de Faria , Oliveira Virgínia Junqueira de , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand Professional Safety in daily life in Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a study on the Grounded Theory method and the Symbolic Interactionism theoretical framework with 82 health professionals. Results: it presents the category "Professional Safety in Daily Life in Primary Health Care: a Grounded Theory" and two subcategories determining and conditioning Professional Safety in PHC: professional training, infrastructure, support and technical responsibility; Professional Safety: physical protection, psychological support, distress and feelings reveal the (un)safe conditions. Professional Safety is mentioned in several dimensions that include professionals' knowledge, decision-making skills, the practice of the profession and what regulates it, the structure and organization of the Unified Health System and services, permanent education. It presents the context of primary care and the factors that impact an (unsafe) work. Final considerations: this study contributes to reflect on Professional Safety to strengthen safety culture in Primary Health Care.
Crisis, work and nursing: an ethnographic narrative of the coronavirus pandemic in Primary Care in Spain
Authors: Martins Amanda de Lucas Xavier , David Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal , Koopmans Fabiana Ferreira , Martínez-Riera José Ramón
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to narrate the experience of facing a long economic and political crisis and the experience of the arrival process of the coronavirus pandemic in a Spanish healthcare center. Methods: this is a descriptive qualitative study with ethnographic analysis, with data collection through interviews, participant observation and field diary records. Results: the immersion in the context allowed us to identify two axes of domain: “The crisis, work in the community and the territory in Primary Care”; “The inevitability of being a nurse in facing a health crisis”. Final considerations: the narrative portrays the ethics in field research, tensions and values of nursing work in crisis situations. Nurses’ experiences are presented in narratives of dissatisfaction and difficulties, but with the support of values related to guaranteeing assistance to users and cooperation and solidarity in the collective organization of workers to face the COVID-19 crisis.
ALCOHOLIC VS. NON-ALCOHOLIC CHRONIC PANCREATITIS: SURGEONS’ PERSPECTIVE FROM A TERTIARY CENTRE IN INDIA
Authors: JANA Koustav , RAY Sukanta , DAS Roby , KUMAR Dilip , MANDAL Tuhin S , DAS Somak
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Although alcohol is the most common cause for chronic pancreatitis worldwide, idiopathic type is prevalent in India. Natural history and disease progression are different between these two groups. There is paucity of data comparing surgical outcome and quality of life in these patients. Aim: To evaluate clinical features, surgical outcome and quality of life between these two groups of patients. Method: All patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent surgery were prospectively reviewed. Results: From 98 patients, 42 were alcoholic. Number of male and the mean age at the time of operation was significantly more in alcoholic patients. Smoking, preoperative hospital admission rate and the prevalence of local complications like inflammatory pancreatic head mass, biliary stricture and left sided portal hypertension were distinctly more common in alcoholic group. Frey procedure was required more commonly in alcoholic group. Mean postoperative hospital stay and overall postoperative complication rate were comparable between the two groups. Over a median follow up of 18 months there was significant improvement in quality of life and pain score in both the groups. Improvement of physical functioning score at follow-up was significantly more in alcoholic group but the requirement for analgesic medications were significantly more in alcoholic group. However, appetite loss was more perceived by non-alcoholic group. Conclusion: Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis presents with more local complications associated with chronic pancreatitis. Frey procedure is a safe and well accepted surgery in this group. Though they required more analgesic requirement in short term follow up, other aspects of quality of life are similar to non-alcoholic group.
A contribuição da Atenção Primária à Saúde na rede SUS de enfrentamento à Covid-19
Authors: Giovanella Ligia , Martufi Valentina , Ruiz Diana Carolina , Mendonça Maria Helena Magalhães de , Bousquat Aylene , Aquino Rosana , Medina Maria Guadalupe
Published: October 2021

RESUMO A centralidade no cuidado individual a casos graves descurou a abordagem populacional comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste ensaio, argumenta-se que a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com suas equipes multiprofissionais e enfoque comunitário e territorial, tem potencial para atuar na abordagem comunitária necessária ao enfrentamento da epidemia. A partir de experiências locais e internacionais, analisa quatro campos de atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no SUS no enfrentamento da Covid-19: vigilância nos territórios; cuidado individual dos casos confirmados e suspeitos de Covid-19; ação comunitária de apoio aos grupos vulneráveis; e continuidade dos cuidados rotineiros da APS. Reconhecem-se limites dessa atuação decorrentes de mudanças recentes na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica que afetam o modelo assistencial da vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se ser necessário ativar os atributos comunitários das equipes multiprofissionais da ESF e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família; associar-se às iniciativas solidárias das organizações comunitárias e articular-se intersetorialmente; e garantir a continuidade das ações de promoção, prevenção e cuidado, criando novos processos de trabalho na vigilância em saúde, no apoio social e sanitário aos grupos vulneráveis e na continuidade da atenção rotineira para quem dela precisa.