bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nadarajah Haghighi Topp Leone-G Family of Distributions ‎with Mathematical Properties and Applications
Authors: Reyad‎ Hesham , Selim Mahmoud Ali , Othman Soha
Published: February 2020

Based on the Nadarajah Haghighi distribution and the Topp Leone-G family in view of the T-X family, we introduce a new generator of continuous distributions with three extra parameters called the Nadarajah Haghighi Topp Leone-G family. Three sub-models of the new class are discussed. Main mathematical properties of the new family are investigated such as; quantile function, raw and incomplete moments, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, moment and probability generating functions, stress-strength model, Shanon and Rényi entropies, order statistics and probability weighted moments. The model parameters of the new family is estimated by using the method of maximum likelihood and the observed information matrix is also obtained. We introduce two real applications to show the importance of the new family.
Jeźdźcy Apokalipsy: O trzech wizjach zagrożeń współczesnej kultury Zachodu
Authors: Moreno-Szypowska Jadwiga Clea
Published: February 2020

Autorka artykułu porównuje trzy wizje współczesnych myślicieli, którzy obserwując obecny świat, widzą w nim zagrożenie nadchodzącą apokalipsą, w rozumieniu końca ludzkości w jej tradycyjnej formie. Człowiek wykorzeniony oraz zagubiony, nie znając własnej kultury, staje przed pytaniem: kim jest? I w niemożności odpowiedzi na nie upodabnia się do nieświadomych siebie dzieci, które żyjąc w ignorancji, pozostają poza możliwością zarówno potępienia, jak i zbawienia. Dzieci te podlegają jednak procesowi dojrzewania i kiedy osiągają dorosłość, szukają siebie, próbując upodobnić się do innych, lecz ci inni są w tej samej sytuacji co oni. Stąd powstaje społeczeństwo nieokreślonych obywateli, którzy w sytuacji niebezpieczeństwa, oskarżają jedni drugich, tak że każdy staje się poniekąd kozłem ofiarnym, którego wolno lub nawet należy poświęcić dla uratowania większości. Wtedy to każdy staje się tzw. homo sacer, ofiarą, której nie przysługuje żadne prawo, nawet prawo do życia. Aby do tego nie dopuścić, trzej myśliciele wzywają do powrotu do form kultury, w których ludzkość zostaje przedstawiona całościowo i poprzez jej zobrazowanie współczesny człowiek może stworzyć swoją tożsamość
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA PROMOÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE E PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS
Authors: Cigana Fabiele Aozane , Da Silva Rosângela Marion , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Trindade Liliane Ribeiro , Cattani Ariane Naidon , Cigana Diogo Jardel
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: identificar a percepção de técnicas de enfermagem para promoção da segurança do paciente e prevenção de quedas em uma unidade de internação da clínica-médica. Método: estudo do tipo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com técnicas de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação sis temática não participante, no período de abril a junho de 2017. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a Proposta Operativa de Minayo. Resultados: participaram 14 técnicas de enfermagem, que perceberam a necessidade de adequação das camas, da ocorrência de capacitações e do trabalho multiprofissional. Destacaram o quantitativo reduzido de profissionais da enfermagem e a ausência de familiar/acompanhante no cuidado como fatores que influenciam na segurança do paciente e prevenção de quedas. Conclusão: as técnicas de enfermagem identificaram a necessidade de adequação dos recursos físicos e humanos de enfermagem, a educação permanente e a participação do familiar/acompanhante para promoção da segurança do paciente e prevenção de quedas em uma unidade de internação da clínica-médica.

Descritores: Segurança do Paciente. Acidentes por Quedas. Enfermagem.
Different Immune Reconstitution between Cord Blood and unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation with Relation to Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Yoshida Hitoshi , Koike Midori , Koike Midori , Nakata Keiichi , Hino Akihisa , Fuji Shigeo , Masaie Hiroaki , Oka Chihiro , Higeno Akemi , Idota Atsushi , Yamasaki Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Jun
Published: February 2020

Background: Advances of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) have brought long-term survival to the patients with hematologic malignancies.  Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of major problems for the long- term survivors after allo-HCT.  Dysregulation of immune reconstitution has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD.  Differences of immune reconstitution between cord blood transplantation (CBT) and unrelated bone marrow transplantation (uBMT) remain unclear in long-term survivors.  We investigated immune reconstitution in patients surviving for more than 2 years after CBT (n=21) or uBMT (n=20) without relapse of underlying disease.
Materials and Methods: Using flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood, we investigated immune reconstitution of T cells, B cells, and NK cells between CBT and uBMT patients.  We collected clinical data regarding allo-HCT and examined the relation of immune reconstitution to the development of chronic GVHD.
Results: Between CBT and uBMT patients, we found significant differences in absolute cell number of CD8+ as well as CD19+ cell and CD4/CD8 ratio even more than 2 years after allo-HCT.  Among uBMT patients, absolute cell number of naive CD4+ cell was significantly lower in patients with chronic GVHD.  In addition, we found significant differences in absolute cell number of CD19+ cell, especially naive B cell between patients with and without chronic GVHD in both CBT and uBMT patients. 
Conclusion: These results suggest that differences of immune recovery between CBT and uBMT patients may exist even in patients surviving for more than 2 years and might be related to the development of chronic GVHD.
A Single Center Study of Prescribing and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Nekoohesh Ladan , H. Ghahremani1 Mohammad , Rostami Shahrbano , Nikbakht Mohsen , Nekoohesh Leila , Naemi Roozbeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Ghadyaninejad Laya , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Vaezi Mohammad , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Chahardouli Bahram
Published: February 2020

Background: The present study investigated the patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in chronic phase (CP-CML) who had been on the first- line Imatinib Mesylate (IM) therapy for a period of 84 months.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 295 newly-diagnosed CP-CML patients(age >18 years) who were admitted to the Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran during 1 January, 2009 to 30 December, 2016. Response to treatment was evaluated by molecular response assessment. Rates of IM dose adjustment, switching to another drug therapy, progression to Accelerate Phase (AP) and Blastic Crisis (BC) and long-term outcomes included Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) were assesed.
Results: Patients’ average age was 41.7 years, and 52.9% were male. 44.4% of patients at the month 18 achieved Major Molecular Response (MMR). Progression to AP/BC occurred in 26 patients during 84 months, and the estimated rate of OS and PFS were 71.83 and 74.48, respectively. Among the patients who did not achieve MMR at month 18 , 61 patients were treated with IM ( 400 mg /day), and then after month 18, 24(39.3%) of whom  achieved MMR. Dose adjustments occurred in 60 patients (20.33%). IM dose increase was observed in 53 patients who did not achive optimal response to imatinib or loss of optimal response. IM dose decrease was observed in 7 patients. 25 (8.47%)  patients were switched to a different Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). Most of TKI changes(n=21) happened in patients who did not achieve optimal response to IM and TKI changes owing to adverse events of IM were observed in 4 patients.. Among the patients undergoing change in treatment, 24(43.75%) patients achieved MMR.
Conclusion: Our data showed the high effectiveness of the change in the treatment of IM-resistant condition. Moreover, our finding suggests that imatinib be effective in Iranian patients after a long period of time compared to the referenced studies.
The Relation between Different Aspects of Quality of Life with Coping Style in Adolescents with Thalassemia in Comparison to a Healthy Group
Authors: Abbasi Samira , Shahriari Mohsen , Ghanavat Majid , Talakoub Sedigheh , Mosavi Asl Fatemeh Sadat , Hemati Zeinab
Published: February 2020

Background: Thalassemia as a chronic disease could affect different aspects of a patient’s life. On the other hand, when encountering the symptoms of a chronic disease as a stressful factor, the coping strategy of the adolescents and their families could have an important role in the quality of life of these patients. The present study was conducted to determine the relation between different aspects of quality of life with coping styles in the adolescents with thalassemia in comparison to a healthy control group.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a case-control research in 2017. Studied samples were 200 adolescents with thalassemia and healthy adolescents. Data gathering tools were demographic characteristics checklist and the coping style and quality of life questionnaire by the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using independent t-test, linear regression and correlation coefficients.
Conclusion: Results of Pearson statistical test showed a positive and significant relation between the total mean score of quality of life and its physical, social and mental aspects with emotion-oriented coping style (p<0.01). Also a direct significant relation was observed between the total mean score of quality of life and its social and physical aspects with problem-oriented coping style(p<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, educating the adolescents and their families for paying attention to the coping style for stressful factors and preparing these adolescents for passing toward the youth period, which could be challenging for them, are highly recommended.
Blood Group Discrepancies at a Regional Blood Center
Authors: Javadzadeh Shahshahani Hayedeh , Hayati Azam
Published: February 2020

Background: Blood group testing is an important part of supplying safe blood components in blood transfusion centers. Blood group discrepancy develops when reactions in forward grouping do not correspond with reverse grouping or if the preceding and recent results do not match. This study aimed to evaluate ABO blood group discrepancies among blood donors of Yazd, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of blood donors were obtained from the integrated database of Yazd Blood Transfusion Center during a period of eight years (2010 – 2017). Tube testing was used for determining the ABO blood groups. A serological workup was performed for diagnosis and determination of the discrepancy. Confirmation of the results was accomplished by the reference laboratory of immunohematology.
Results: Blood group discrepancies were detected in 130 (0.04%) out of 322,222 donations. Technical/Clerical errors leading to ABO discrepancy were noticed in 12 (9.3%) cases. The most frequent cause of ABO discrepancies in forward grouping was subgroups of A Antigen (44.6%) and in reverse grouping was cold autoantibody (23.9%). There were 11 (8.4%) cases with alloantibodies. Two blood donors with rare Bombay phenotype and p blood group were also identified.
Conclusion: For minimizing Technical/Clerical errors, accurate blood donor or sample identification programs should be implemented. All cases of blood group discrepancies should be carefully investigated, and blood donors should be informed appropriately.
The Effect of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine in Combination to and in Comparison with Vorinostat on DNA Methyltransferases, Histone Deacetylase 1, Glutathione S-Transferase 1 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Genes Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition and Apop
Authors: Sanaei Masumeh , Kavoosi Fraidoon , Esmi Zahra
Published: February 2020

Background: Aberrant methylation and histone deacetylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are the most epigenetic alterations involving in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) have been reported in several cancers. The reversion of hypermethylation and deacetylation by epi-drugs such as 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) and vorinostat (SAHA) can restore normal expression of TSGs. Previously, we reported that 5-AZA-CdR and valproic acid (VPA) can inhibit DNMT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-AZA-CdR in combination to and in comparison with SAHA on DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), glutathione S-transferase 1 (GSTP1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1)  genes expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptotic induction in hepatocellular LCL-PI 11 cell line.
Materials and Methods: The cells were treated with 5-AZA-CdR and SAHA and then MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay and Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were done.
Results: Both agents indicated significant inhibitory and apoptotic effect (P< 0.001). The apoptotic effect of SAHA was more than that of 5-Aza-CdR. The result of qRT-PCR indicated that 5-Aza-CdR decreased DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b and increased GSTP1and SOCS1 genes expression and SAHA decreased HDAC1 and increased GSTP1 and SOCS1 genes expression significantly. Maximal apoptosis and genes expression were seen with combined treatment.
Conclusion: 5-AZA-CdR and SAHA down-regulated DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and HDAC1 and up-regulated GSTP1 and SOCS1 gene expression by which inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis, suggesting that they could be used in the treatment of HCC.
Transcriptomic Profiles of MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Modulated by Epigenetic Modifiers Trichostatin A and 5-Azacytidine
Authors: Asmaa Mat Jusoh Siti , Al-Jamal Hamid Ali , Hussein Abdul Rahim , Yahaya Badrul Hisham , Husin Azlan , Hassan Roslin , Hussain Faezahtul Arbaeyah , Shamsuddin Shaharum , Johan Muhammad Farid
Published: February 2020

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemias in adults which is clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. Several risk and genetic factors have been widely investigated to characterize AML. However, the concomitant epigenetic factors in controlling the gene expression lead to AML transformation was not fully understood. This study was aimed to identify epigenetically regulated genes in AML cell lines induced by epigenetic modulating agents, Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza).
Materials and Methods: MV4-11 and Kasumi 1 were treated with TSA and/or 5-Aza at IC50 concentration. Gene expression profiling by microarray was utilized using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression v3. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway annotations were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics software using EASE enrichment score. mRNA expression of the differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR.
Results: Gene expression analysis revealed a significant changes in the expression of 24,822, 15,720, 15,654 genes in MV4-11 and 12,598, 8828, 18,026 genes in Kasumi 1, in response to TSA, 5-Aza and combination treatments, respectively, compared to non-treated (p<0.05). 7 genes (SOCS3, TUBA1C, CCNA1, MAP3K6, PTPRC, STAT6 and RUNX1) and 4 genes (ANGPTL4, TUBB2A, ADAM12 and PTPN6) shown to be predominantly expressed in MV4-11 and Kasumi 1, respectively (EASE<0.1). The analysis also revealed phagosome pathway commonly activated in both cell lines.
Conclusion: Our data showed a distinct optimal biological characteristic and pathway in different types of leukemic cell lines. These finding may help in the identification of cell-specific epigenetic biomarker in the pathogenesis of AML.
Close Relationships of Violent and Nonviolent African American Delinquents
Authors: Marcus Robert F. , Gray Lewis
Published: February 2020

One hundred and one incarcerated African American adolescent delinquents, 51 violent and 50 nonviolent were contrasted on background variables and measures of close relationships. Violent delinquents were found to be older, have a greater number of arrests, lower reading achievement scores, and were more likely to have a criminal parent in the home. Violent, as compared with nonviolent delinquent, showed differences in close relationships. Violent delinquents were more likely to perceive their mothers as showing more rejection/undifferentiated behavior and their attachments, mainly to heterosexual partners, were more anxious. The results were interpreted in terms of both quantitative and qualitative distinctions between violent and nonviolent delinquents, with violent delinquents showing greater impairment.
Courtship Violence: Incidence in a National Sample of Higher Education Students
Authors: White Jacquelyn W. , Koss Mary P.
Published: February 2020

An approximately representative national sample of 2,602 women and 2,105 men was surveyed regarding their frequency of inflicting and sustaining verbal and physical aggression in a heterosexual relationship. Results revealed that approximately 81 % of the men inflicted, as well as received, some form of verbal aggression at least once, while the comparable figure for women was 87-88%. The percentage experiencing some fonn of physical aggression was lower; about 37% of the men and 35% of the women inflicted some form of physical aggression and about 39% of the men and 32% of the women sustained some physical aggression. No differences were found as a function of ethnicity, family income, and institutional characteristics. Regional differences in the use of verbal and physical aggression, and in the receipt of physical aggression, were found for men.
Spousal Homicide Risk and Estrangement
Authors: Wilson Margo , Daly Martin
Published: February 2020

Frequencies of homicide victimization of wives and husbands, while cohabiting and when separated, are reported for all spousal homicides known to the police in Canada (1974-1990), in New South Wales, Australia (1968-1986), and in Chicago (1965-1990). In all three data sets, the degree to which spousal homicide victimization was female-biased was significantly greater when the couple were estranged than when they were coresiding. Victim counts and population-at-large estimates of coresiding and separated nowmarried spouses were combined to estimate differential homicide rates incurred by coresiding and estranged married persons. Wives in all three countries incurred substantially elevated risk when separated as compared to when coresiding.
Reflective Journaling in Nursing Student Study Abroad Programs: Connecting Experience and Meaning
Authors: Sobel Linda
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the development and use of a framework of reflective journaling to help nursing and other health professions students understand their health-care experiences in study abroad courses. The framework provides specific, intentional, theory-based guidelines for connecting students ‘observations and experience with understanding of cultural differences that can lead to cultural humility (Foronda, Baptiste, Reinholdt, & Ousman, 2016).
Nursing in a Community with Leprosy at the Center: A Conversation with Remi Kalnime
Authors: Kalnime Remi , Wright Donna
Published: February 2020

Donna Wright, a consultant with Creative Health Care Management who has wide experience in international nursing, interviews Remi Kalnime, a nurse who cares for patients who have had Hansen's Disease, at Foubarka Leprosarium in Cameroon, Africa. They discuss the challenges these patients and their families face in dealing with the residual effects of untreated leprosy and in facing stigmatization and discrimination from their communities, within the socioeconomic context of a developing country.
Integrating Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment into HIV Care Systems in Indonesia: A Synthesis of Recent Evidence
Authors: Lindayani Linlin , Darmawati Irma , Purnama Heni , Permana Bhakti
Published: February 2020

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the health and life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comorbidities and geriatric syndrome are more prevalent in patients with HIV than in the general population. As a result, people living with HIV may face unique characteristics and needs related to aging. Health-care systems need to prepare to encounter those issues that not only focus on virology suppression and cART management but also chronic non-AIDS comorbidities and geriatric syndrome. However, there are limited data on geriatric assessment among people living with HIV. The purpose of this article is to present findings of a literature search that integrate age-related issues in HIV care management for health-care professionals caring for people living with HIV in Indonesia to consider. Integrating comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) into HIV care is essential. However, some critical issues need to be considered prior to implementing CGA in HIV primary care, including social vulnerability, economic inequality, and aging-related stigma. Developing guidelines for implementing CGA in HIV primary clinics remains a priority. Studies of HIV in the aging population in Indonesia need to be conducted to understand the burden of geriatric syndrome.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI KOMISARIS DAN DIREKSI TERHADAP LABA PERUSAHAAN, DENGAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI PEMODERASI
Authors: Muslih Mochamad -
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of commissioners’ compensation and directors’ compensation on firm profit, with corporate governance as moderating variable. This research used quantitative method. Secondary data were used for this research. As many as 47 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and classified as LQ-45 were sampled for this research. The result showed that commissioner compensation and director compensation has no significant impact on firm profit and CG moderation to commissioners and directors compensation were also not significant. The effect of firm size to firm profit was also not significant.

Key words: commisioners compensation , directors compensation, profit, corporate governance.
MENTAL ACCOUNTING: MEMAKNAI KEBAHAGIAAN DARI SISI LAIN GAYA HIDUP MAHASISWA KOS
Authors: Eldista Elsa , Sulistiyo Agung Budi , Hisamuddin Nur
Published: February 2020

This study aims to understand and analyze in depth about the financial behavior of college students in terms of addressing mental accounting phenomena in daily life, as well as being framed with lifestyles that shape perceptions about the happiness of life subjectively. The research subjects in this study were college students in particular the Department of Accounting, University of Jember. Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach is used because researchers want to explore the phenomenon as a whole according to events in the field. Data analysis technique is done by collecting data from interviews, then calcifying based on themes and drawing conclusions. The results showed a mental accounting phenomenon in college students' daily lives related to financial decision making and the treatment of income sources. Besides that students have also applied mental accounting quite wisely, especially in terms of financial decision making.

Keywords: college students, happiness, lifestyle, mental accounting
Az egészségtudatos életmód tényezőinek vizsgálata az amatőr férfisportolók körében
Authors: Markos Attila , Kiss Virág Ágnes
Published: February 2020

A kutatások világszerte az egészségtudatos életvitel iránti egyre növekvő keresletről számolnak be, és a Gfk (Growth from Knowledge) felmérései alapján ez a tendencia hazánkban is egyre dominánsabban ölt testet. Jelen tanulmányban négy, hobbi szinten sportoló középkorú férfit kérdeztünk az egészségtudatos életmódhoz való hozzáállásukról, kiemelten kezelve ezen belül az étkezést és a funkcionális élelmiszerek fogyasztását. A kutatásunk mélyinterjúkra épül, melynek keretében négy amatőr sportolót kérdeztünk a fent említett témákról. Az interjúk elkészítésekor nagy hangsúlyt fektettünk az alanyok spontán válaszaira és reakcióira. Eredményeink alapján elmondható, hogy a felmérésben szereplő amatőr sportolók, akik komolyan részt vesznek heti több alkalommal is edzésen, különösen odafigyelnek az egészséges táplálkozásra és a megfelelő, az edzést is kiegészítő rekreációs tevékenységek folytatására. Étkezésükbe beépítették és fenntartják az adott edzéshez szükséges funkcionális élelmiszerek fogyasztását, melyekről komoly szakmai ismeretekkel rendelkeznek. Főbb információforrásaik azonban jellemzően nem személyes konzultációk szakemberekkel, hanem az interneten elérhető információk.
JEL-kódok: I12, M31
Changes in DNA Methylation in Response to 6-Benzylaminopurine Affect Allele-Specific Gene Expression in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Xuan Anran , Song Yuepeng , Bu Chenhao , Chen Panfei , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhang Deqiang
Published: February 2020

The cytokinins play important roles in plant growth and development by regulating gene expression at genome wide level. DNA methylation is responsive to the external environment, but whether DNA methylation changes in response to cytokinin treatment to regulate gene expression is still unclear. Here, we used bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing to examine genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in poplar (Populus tomentosa) after treatment with the synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). We identified 566 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in response to 6-BA treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that 501 protein-coding genes, 262 long non-coding RNAs, and 15,793 24-nt small interfering RNAs were differentially expressed under 6-BA treatment. Among these, 79% were differentially expressed between alleles in P. tomentosa. Combined DNA methylation and gene expression analysis demonstrated that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating allele-specific gene expression. To further investigate the relationship between these 6-BA-responsive genes and phenotypic variation, we performed SNP analysis of 507 6-BA-responsive DMRs via re-sequencing using a natural population of P. tomentosa and identified 206 SNPs that were significantly associated with growth and wood properties. Association analysis indicated that 53% of loci with allele-specific expression had primarily dominant effects on poplar traits. Our comprehensive analyses of P. tomentosa DNA methylation and the regulation of allele-specific gene expression suggest that DNA methylation is an important regulator of imbalanced expression between allelic loci.
The Origin(s) of Cell: Some Radical New Hypotheses
Authors: Tang Shiping
Published: February 2020

The central mechanism of biological evolution, variation-selection-inheritance (VSI), is one of the most universal mechanisms known. Much of our understanding of VSI, however, has been dominated by the Neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis with a rather narrow understanding of what constitutes variation, selection, and inheritance. This unduly narrow understanding of VSI might have been a key cause behind our failure to adequately explain some critical puzzles in biological evolution, from the origin of the first cell to the origin of the eukaryotes, the puzzling biology of metabolism, apoptosis, aging, and cancer in metazoan.I broaden our understanding of VSI, in a spirit that is somewhat similar to several recent contributions and then extend this broadened view of VSI to its natural starting point: the origin of the First Universal Cell Ancestor (FUCA). I advance three principal arguments. First, survival comes before replication. Before the coming of reproducer and replicator, there must be survivors, to paraphrase Szathmary and Maynard Smith (1997). Second, natural selection, especially the non-Darwinian kind, can operate without replication or even metabolism, as long as different molecules, complexes, and vesicles have differential survival rate within a system. Third, merger and acquisition, via breaking-and-re-encapsulation, endocytosis, endosymbiosis, and processes similar to them, had been a far more powerful force of variation and selection in the pre-Darwinian period of evolution that led to LUCA and long before eukaryogenesis. Endosymbiosis therefore had been a far more foundational force than even Lynn Margulis and many of her supporters have appreciated. Our thesis thus goes beyond Woese’s emphasis of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and actually subsumes HGT with Margulis’ emphasis of endosymbiosis. Combing these three new perspectives with other perspectives and evidence sheds important new light upon the origin of FUCA, the singular water-shedding moment in the evolution of life.
Geranylgeranyl Acetone Prevents Glutamate-induced Cell Death in HT-22 Cells by Increasing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
Authors: Sugano Eriko , Endo Yuka , Sugai Akihisa , Kikuchi Yuki , Tabata Kitako , Ozaki Taku , Kurose Takahiro , Takai Yoshihiro , Mitsuguchi Yoko , Honma Yoichi , Tomita Hiroshi
Published: February 2020

Geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) protects against various types of cell damages by upregulating heat shock proteins. We investigated whether GGA protect neuronal cells from cell death induced by oxidative stress. Glutamate exposure was lethal to HT-22 cells which comprise a neuronal line derived from mouse hippocampus. This configuration is often used as a model for hippocampus neurodegeneration in vitro. In the present study, GGA protected HT-22 cells from glutamate-induced oxidative stress. GGA pretreatment did not induce Hsps. Moreover, reactive oxygen species increased to the same extent in both GGA-pretreated and untreated cells exposed to glutamate. In contrast, glutamate exposure and GGA pretreatment increased mitochondrial membrane potential. However, increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration were inhibited by GGA pretreatment. In addition, the increase of phosphorylated ERKs by the glutamate exposure was inhibited by GGA pretreatment. These findings suggest that GGA protects HT-22 cells from glutamate-provoked cell death without Hsp induction and that the mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity plays an important role in this protective effect.
A Fully Coaxial Tunable Broadband Power Equalizer for an X-band MPM
Authors: Livreri Patrizia , Lo Gerfo Fabio
Published: February 2020

Microwave Power Modules (MPM) are high power devices largely used for radar applications. An MPM is a hybrid combination of a Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA) as a driver and a Traveling wave tube amplifier (TWT) as the final high power stage. Power equalizer is often used to flat the TWT output power gain owing to its big gain fluctuations in the operating frequency range. This paper deals with an optimal design and development of a fully-coaxial easy-tunable power equalizer for an X-band MPM. The structure utilizes a coaxial waveguide as the main transmission line and a coaxial cavity loaded with absorbing material as the resonant unit. A sensitivity analysis of the coaxial cavity length, the thickness of the absorbing disc and inserted depth of the probe on the attenuation amplitude and resonant frequency is carried out. The transmission characteristic curves and the voltage standing wave ratio curves show a good compromise in terms of transferred power and adaptive matching impedance at the input and output ports. The measured results show that the equalization curve meets the requirements well and prove that this structure is practical and effective.
Detection of 2D and 3D Video Transitions Based on EEG Power
Authors: Manshouri Negin , Melek Mesut , Kayikcioglu Temel
Published: February 2020

Despite the long and extensive history of 3D technology, it has recently attracted the attention of researchers. This technology has become the center of interest of young people because of the real feelings and sensations it creates. People see their environment as 3D because of their eye structure. In this study, it is hypothesized that people lose their perception of depth during sleepy moments and that there is a sudden transition from 3D vision to 2D vision. Regarding these transitions, the EEG signal analysis method was used for deep and comprehensive analysis of 2D and 3D brain signals. In this study, a single-stream anaglyph video of random 2D and 3D segments was prepared. After watching this single video, the obtained EEG recordings were considered for two different analyses: the part involving the critical transition (transition-state) and the state analysis of only the 2D versus 3D or 3D versus 2D parts (steady-state). The main objective of this study is to see the behavioral changes of brain signals in 2D and 3D transitions. To clarify the impacts of the human brain’s power spectral density (PSD) in 2D-to-3D (2D_3D) and 3D-to-2D (3D_2D) transitions of anaglyph video, 9 visual healthy individuals were prepared for testing in this pioneering study. Spectrogram graphs based on Short Time Fourier transform (STFT) were considered to evaluate the power spectrum analysis in each EEG channel of transition or steady-state. Thus, in 2D and 3D transition scenarios, important channels representing EEG frequency bands and brain lobes will be identified. To classify the 2D and 3D transitions, the dominant bands and time intervals representing the maximum difference of PSD were selected. Afterward, effective features were selected by applying statistical methods such as standard deviation (SD), maximum (max), and Hjorth parameters to epochs indicating transition intervals. Ultimately, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithms were applied to classify 2D_3D and 3D_2D transitions. The frontal, temporal, and partially parietal lobes show 2D_3D and 3D_2D transitions with a good classification success rate. Overall, it was found that Hjorth parameters and LDA algorithms have 71.11% and 77.78% classification success rates for transition and steady-state, respectively.
Ensino de História da África e Cultura Afro-brasileira: Desafios e Possibilidades
Authors: Bispo Denise Maria de Souza , Da Silva Luiz Gustavo Santos
Published: February 2020

A aprovação da Lei 10.639/03, depois das constantes lutas do movimento negro organizado, é um avanço na valorização da História africana e afro-brasileira no currículo oficial da rede de ensino de nosso país. Quando nos propomos a questionar sobre a necessidade real do aprendizado da História africana e cultura afro-brasileira, buscamos através de uma postura política levantar algumas possibilidades de afirmação e positivação ao contextualizar a memória coletiva africana que se faz presente nas representações do nosso cotidiano. Desta maneira, esse artigo propõe pensar caminhos e desafios para o trabalho da História da África e cultura afrobrasileira em sala de aula.
O Ensino Profissionalizante em Sergipe: Contribuição do Instituto Profissional Coelho e Campos (1922-1930)
Authors: Malta Marina Oliveira , Do Nascimento Jorge Carvalho
Published: February 2020

Este artigo busca entender a trajetória do Instituto Profissional Coelho e Campos, no período de 1922 a 1930, a partir dos pressupostos da História Cultural, com o objetivo de compreender sua contribuição para a consolidação do ensino profissionalizante em Sergipe. A relevância do estudo está nas contribuições que ele trouxe para a História da Educação, ao sugerir novos temas de investigação; fontes para a realização de estudos; sugestões de literatura; considerações sobre o ensino profissionalizante e técnico feminino e masculino, nesse período; as tecnologias empregadas para a aprendizagem dos ofícios; dentre outros aspectos que possibilitaram a compreensão de uma época importante para a historiografia educacional sergipana.
Mlearning, cloud education e competências em TIC: novos rumos à prática docente
Authors: Bezerra Anna Cecília Sobral , Souza Francislê Neri de
Published: February 2020

Aplicação das TIC na educação tem apontado inúmeras possibilidades para o ensino e para a aprendizagem. O mLearningdesenvolve-se também na medida em que diversos tipos de interfaces tecnológicas estão disponíveis a um custo acessível, democratizando o acesso ao mundo digital através das conexões sem fios. Discute-se nesse artigo as possibilidades de expansão do mLearningcom a aplicação da Cloud Computingna educação e as possíveis implicações no ensino e na aprendizagem, tendo como estratégia didática o questionamento e a argumentação. Discutimos também a necessidade do desenvolvimento de competências docentes fundamentais a uma certificação das competências TIC a nível avançado, tendo em vista explorar eficientemente o potencial destas tecnologias.
Formação de professores da educação básica: projeto e proposições na Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Authors: Silva Vanessa Nunes da , Pereira Isabel Cristina Auler
Published: February 2020

O principal objetivo deste estudo está centrado na análise do projeto de formação de professores dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica em um polo pertencente à Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, integrante do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), situando-o no contexto da chamada Terceira Revolução Tecnológica ou a Sociedade do Conhecimento tendo como referência a formação do cidadão profissional, detentor de consciência crítica e inovadora. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar o projeto pedagógico do curso de Pedagogia a distância oferecido no polo de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras (Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA), no que concerne à concepção de educação a distância e de formação docente; bem como discutir de que forma se deu o processo de institucionalização do Sistema UAB nessas instituições de ensino superior. Constatou-se que não basta ter acesso a computadores conectados à internet; torna-se imprescindível transformar informações em conhecimentos independentemente da hora ou local e que a tecnologia seja parte integrante do currículo.
Economia e Educação: que relação é essa?
Authors: Zuffo Silvia , Moura Eliana Perez Gonçalves de
Published: February 2020

Neste estudo, analisamos as relações entre educação e políticas de economia, desenvolvendo uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, ressaltando como os objetivos educacionais podem estar articulados a objetivos econômicos. Especificamente, discutimos as rela- ções entre metas econômicas e planos/ações educativas. Assim, analisamos o Relatório Anual do Banco Mundial, do ano de 2007, intitulado “Desenvolvimento Mundial”, que versa sobre o desenvolvimento e gerações futuras e, também o Relatório Anual de 2013, cujo título é “Erradicar a Pobreza Extrema e Promover a Prosperidade Compartilhada”. Em seguida, as análises verteram-se sobre o Plano Nacional de Educação para o decênio 2014- 2024, que define políticas, metas e planos educacionais. Destaca-se como relevante, a forma como a educação, ao longo do processo de sistematização do capitalismo neoliberal, vem servindo aos interesses do desenvolvimento econômico.
Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Authors: Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Codlin Andrew James , Forse Rachel Jeanette , Nguyen Hoa Trung , Vu Thanh Nguyen , Truong Vinh Van , Do Giang Chau , Nguyen Lan Huu , Le Giang Truong , Caws Maxine
Published: February 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher risks for TB incidence and poor treatment outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Key measures of interest of the ITS were the differences in step change (β6) and post-intervention trend (β7). Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [95% CI: 1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [95% CI: 0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [95% CI: 0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [95% CI: 0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [95% CI: 1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β6)=1.07 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β6)=0.17 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β7)=0.90 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.98], p=0.019). Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.
Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia serotypes in Kisii, Kenya
Authors: Orucho Vincent Obino , Ochoi Cyrus Orucho , Nyangau Maureen Kerubo
Published: February 2020

Background : Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death in children under five worldwide, accounting for about 1.6 million deaths a year. Streptococcus pneumonia , has proved to be the most competent bacterial pathogen causing pneumonia infections among the infants and the elderly, leading to great morbidity and mortality. Currently there are over 94 different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia , and quite a number have emerged as drug-resistant strains which introduce a twist to the current treatment strategies. Detailed information of current antibiotic susceptibilities, resistance and serotype distribution will be important in designing new strategies for treatment and management of pneumococcal infections. Methods: A total of 309 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients attending the Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital between 2017 and 2018. Nasopharyngeal samples collected and serotyped using PCR. The samples were cultured and their sensitivity to drugs tested using various concentrations of; Oxacilin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol. Results: Out of the 309 samples collected, 235 were positive for S. pneumonia, although 10 of the samples had incomplete data. A total of 41 S. pneumonia serotypes isolated from the 309 samples with the most prevalent serotypes being; Non-typable (11%), 15B (7.6%), 19F (7.0%), 19A (6.7%), 23B (5.8%), 23F (5.3%), 6A (4.4%). All the serotypes were highly resistant to Oxacilin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while showing high sensitivity to Erythromycin, Ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The rate of sensitivity to Tetracycline was 75% with the other 25% showing intermediate sensitivity. Conclusions: The data collected showed a high rate of S. pneumonia (76%) consisting of various serotypes for various ages. The various serotypes isolated showed a marked resistance routinely used antibiotics for patient samples of various ages. The isolated serotypes also consisted of serotypes 19A, 6A, and 5B that are lacking in the pneumococcal vaccine (PCV 10). This data will provide relevant information for a better approach to both clinical treatment, management and prevention of infections with S. pneumonia.
The effect of an educational intervention to improve tuberculosis infection control among nurses in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Akande Patrick Aboh
Published: February 2020

Background: Nurses are particularly vulnerable to acquiring tuberculosis (TB) because they are in the frontline of patient care. There is inadequate implementation of cost-effective TB infection control (TBIC) measures in most health facilities. Training has been shown to be effective in improving the knowledge and work practices of nurses. This study sought to utilize a multi-method educational intervention to improve the TBIC-related knowledge and practices of nurses in two secondary health facilities in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 200 nurses (100 each in the intervention and comparison groups). Baseline data were collected in May 2014. This was followed by training of the nurses in the intervention group. After 6 months, the second wave of data was collected and the nurses in the comparison group also received the training thereafter. The final wave of data collection took place 12 months after the commencement of the study. The mean scores of the nurses were determined and comparison was made between both groups at different time points using independent t -test. Results: The nurses in both groups were statistically comparable in their socio-demographic characteristics, and baseline mean knowledge (68.6% and 67.7%) and practice scores (79.1% and 80.6%) respectively. After the intervention group received the intervention, there were appreciable improvements in the scores at 6 months (knowledge-85.9%; practice-98.5%), which were significantly different from those of the comparison group (knowledge-69.5%, practice-78.8%). A large effect size was demonstrated in the improvement in knowledge score in the intervention group at 6 months compared with the other group (Cohen’s d = 1.7). Similarly, there were improvements in the scores of the nurses in the comparison group at 12 months after the group had also received the intervention (knowledge-88.2%, practice-93.5%). At this point, the mean scores between both groups were no longer significantly different. Conclusions: The improvement in post-intervention scores implies that the educational intervention adopted for this study was effective in improving TBIC among the nurses. It also underscores the importance of continuous training/retraining of nurses and other healthcare workers in improving and sustaining TBIC at health facilities.