bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Research of Servo Mechanism of Airborne Full Polarization Microwave Radiometer
Authors: Hu Yong , Yang Zilong , Hu Ye , Gao Yujiang , Xu Mingxu , Zou Qing , Li Bin
Published: November 2020

According to the requirements of the servo mechanism of airborne full polarization microwave radiometer, the structure was designed and divided into two parts: the azimuth mechanism and the pinch mechanism, which can scan the ground 360° continuously without dead angle. Three-dimensional model of airborne full polarization microwave radiometer was designed using CATIA in this paper. The static analysis, modal analysis and vibration analysis of the servo mechanism of airborne full polarization microwave radiometer were performed using ANSYS. The analysis results showed that the structure of the device satisfied the strength and stiffness requirements. This thesis theoretically studied the position and posture of the servo mechanism. According to the Euler coordinate transformation theory, the velocity equation, acceleration equation and transmitting torque equation were derived. By simulating the physical model of the device using ADMAS, the variation law of displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time was obtained, which provided the foundation for actual motion and control system design.
Design and Manufacture of an Innovative Vertebral Dilator with Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Qi HAN , Jing ZHOU , Chun LI , Yan GAO
Published: November 2020

The knitted gridding vertebral dilator with Ni-Ti shape memory alloy is designed which is to be used in the treatment of osteoporosis vertebral compressed fracture. The knitted gridding vertebral dilators with different parameters are knitted and their radial force and elastic modulus are tested; then the best knitted parameter is obtained. Taking into consideration the practical application of the vertebral dilator, the structure of both ends of the dilator is improved and an innovative vertebral dilator is obtained which can meet the clinical application needs.
Application of Improved Grey Model Based on Cumulative Method to Deformation Prediction of Tunnel Surrounding Rock
Authors: Song Guihong , Zhou Peng , Hu Qizhi
Published: November 2020

The traditional GM(1,1) model was improved by using the cumulative to increase its prediction accuracy. Based on the measured data of the Laomu tunnel in section 10 of shiqian to yuping expressway, the traditional grey prediction model and the improved grey prediction model were used to predict the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel. The research shows that the improved model prediction can reduce the probability of outliers and the data series fluctuation of traditional gray prediction model, and makes the predicted value closer to the measured value. Although the improved gray prediction model has a slightly single modeling step, it can effectively increase the prediction accuracy of the model in a short period of time, and has certain reference value for similar tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring projects.
Fabrication of porous filter material for the integrated gasification combined cycle
Authors: Ding Yong , Lu Yuan , Bi Cheng , Yang Xu , Sun Yaqin , Ding Cong
Published: November 2020

The porous ceramic filter material is the most effective filter materials in the integrated gasification combined cycle. The porous silicon nitride due to its higher mechanical strength, as well as good corrosion resistance, is considered as a promising material in the integrated gasification combined cycle. In this paper, porous silicon nitride ceramics with high porosity and uniform pore structure was prepared by carbothermal reduction reaction between low-cost diatomite and carbon black. The influence of the type of sintering additives and the size of diatomite particles was investigated. Microstructures and mechanical properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics were studied by XRD, SEM and three-point bending measurement. XRD analysis showed that β-Si3N4 phase, α-Si3N4 phase, Sialon phase Si5AlON7 and glass phase Y2Si3O3N4 were detected. SEM analysis showed that porous silicon nitride ceramics was composed of rod-like (β-Si3N4 grains and uniform pores.
Experimental study on creep-ageing anisotropy behavior of 2195 Al-Cu-Li alloy
Authors: Li G P , Zhan L H , Yang Y L , Wang X
Published: November 2020

The problem of anisotropy in Al-Cu-Li alloy leading to low precision of formed component becomes one of important obstacles to accurately predict creep aging forming (CAF). In-planer anisotropy in creep-ageing behavior of a textured 2195-T34 alloy was investigated in this paper. The total creep deformation in the rolling direction is much smaller than that in the other directions. The tensile strength and yield strength of specimens in all directions are similarly enhanced during creep aging, indicating that the precipitation was relatively uniform in different directions. The EBSD results show that the strong texture is the main reason for the uneven strength with different angles. A constitutive model describing creep-aging anisotropy was established and the optimal parameters of the equation were obtained by optimization algorithm. The creep strain of all angles predicted by the equation is in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed constitutive modeling can be applied to accurately simulate the CAF of 2195-T34 alloy structural parts.
Numerical Analysis of Microstructure Development during Laser Welding Nickel-based Single-crystal Superalloy Part V: Crystallography-dependent Aluminum Redistribution
Authors: Gao Zhiguo
Published: November 2020

The thermal-metallurgical modeling of alloying aluminum redistribution was further developed through couple of heat transfer model, dendrite selection model, multicomponent dendrite growth model and nonequilibrium solidification model during three-dimensional nickel-based single-crystal superalloy weld pool solidification over a wide range of welding conditions (laser power, welding speed and welding configuration). It is clearly indicated that welding configuration plays more important role than heat input in aluminum redistribution. The bimodal distribution of aluminum concentration along the solid/liquid interface is crystallographically symmetrical about the weld pool centerline for (001) and [100] welding configuration, while the distribution is crystallographically asymmetrical about the weld pool centerline for (001) and [110] welding configuration. Optimum low heat input (low laser power and high welding speed) with (001) and [100] welding configuration beneficially suppresses the aluminum concentration, reduces the vulnerable [100] dendrite growth region to minimize the solidification cracking susceptibility and improve weldability and vice versa. The overall aluminum concentration on the left side of the weld pool is beneficially smaller than that of right side in (001) and [110] welding configuration throughout the weld pool due to crystallographic orientation of dendrite growth regardless of the heat input. The mechanism of asymmetrical solidification cracking because of crystallography-dependent alloying solute inhomogeneity was proposed. The welding conditions, weld pool geometry, solidification conditions, dendrite selection, alloying redistribution and solidification cracking susceptibility are closely correlated. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experiment results. Moreover, the promising results facilitate the understanding of solidification cracking phenomena, and the useful model is also applicable to other single-crystal superalloys with similar metallurgical properties for successful defect-free laser welding or laser cladding.
Low-cost Immobilized Enzyme Glucose Sensor based on Laminar Flow
Authors: Qiyang XU , Changbo LIU , Hoshing WU
Published: November 2020

In modern medicine, glucose plays an important role in our body because glucose is the basic nutrition of human body and we can find important human healthy information through it. With the development of medicine, many diseases require glucose of blood tests including genetic diseases. People has known that the production and consumption of glucose of blood in a normal people is in a state of dynamic equilibrium and is maintained at a relatively stable level. Once the level higher or lower than the normal level, human probably have some diseases base on concentration of blood sugar like Diabetes or Hypoglycemia.Many schools or research institutions have tested biofuel glucose sensors based on laminar flow, which has desired effect in electricity generation. So in this experiments, we will find a new way to test glucose of blood by microfluidic fuel cell, and use buffer solution contained glucose to simulate blood. Then we will introduce material of electrodes, enzymes immobilization, and how to make a laminar flow channel. Finally finding the relationship between concentration of glucose and electricity current, which can show the possibility of quick detection in blood sugar. Current research shows the great potential of this cheap disposable glucose sensor, and more phenomena and applications based on laminar flow biofuel cell can be discovered in the future.
Preparation and property of unfired brick using electrolytic manganese residue
Authors: Li Changxin , Zhang Qingwu
Published: November 2020

The feasibility of making unfired brick from the EMR with some additives in laboratory experiments was investigated in this paper. The results show that the EMR can be used to produce unfired bricks meeting JC/T 422-2007 for Mu 25 non-fired rubbish gangue brick. XRD and SEM analyses indicated that C-S-H, calcite, gypsum were newly generated phases in the unfired brick and there are almost no large capillary holes in the unfired brick, which can increase the compressive strength of the brick. The leaching toxicity test demonstrated that the unfired EMR bricks samples showed significant reduction in leach ability of heavy metals compared to raw EMR.
Selection of Surfactants for Hydrogen peroxide-oxalic acid Polishing Slurry in Chemical Mechanical Polishing of 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Yongsheng Wang , Haixu Liu , Xiaojun Cao , Zhankui Wang , Jianxiu Su
Published: November 2020

Stainless steel material will become one of the main materials for flexible large-size display substrates. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) will be one of the most practical processing technologies to achieve super smooth, non-damaged stainless steel surface. In this paper, the effects of different surfactants on material removal rate and surface roughness were studied. The results show that when adding the surfactant of the sodium hexadecyl sulfate in CMP slurry, the MRR was significantly higher than the other two kinds of surfactants. When the content of the sodium hexadecyl sulfate was 0.04wt%, the MRR reached the Maximum. When the content of the sodium hexadecyl sulfate was 0.2 wt%, the surface roughness reached the Minimum. So, the sodium hexadecyl sulfate is selected as the surfactant of the hydrogen peroxide-oxalic acid type CMP slurry.
Utilization of Coconut Fronds as Raw Material for Making Art Paper
Authors: Faisal RM , Octaviani Putri Herlita , Yogaryansyah Sormin Andhika , Chafidz Achmad
Published: November 2020

Coconut fronds are part of a coconut tree that has been rarely used while the amount is abundant. Therefore, there is a concern of how to more utilize coconut fronds. Coconut fronds can be used as raw material for making art paper because it has good amount of fiber and cellulose. The utilization of coconut fronds for making art paper can minimize the coconut fronds waste. Additionally, it also has an impact on forest conservation, since most of raw materials for paper pulp are coming from woods in the forest. The objective of this study is to utilize coconut fronds as agricultural solid waste as raw material for making art paper. The method used to make the paper is chemical pulp, which including pulping and bleaching, as well as art paper molding. The prepared art paper was then characterized by tensile strength test, strength test stretch and grammature. The art paper samples that have been prepared met the minimum SNI grammature of 100 g/m2. While, for the best tensile resistance test was about 19,800 for sample 30/75. Meanwhile, the best stretch resistance test was 0.955 for sample 60/75.
Failure Mechanism Analysis and prevention of Silver Electrode Corrosion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiang Baihong , Jiao Dacheng , Yuan Tao , Peng Guangrui , Wu Xian
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the failure mechanism of sulfide corrosion of a batch of silver electrodes was studied by means of environmental simulation test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (EDS), micro-CT, infrared spectroscopy analyzer(FTIR), pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and specific surface area (BET) analysis. The results showed that the H2S in the air entered the silver electrode surface through the rubber by the adsorption and permeation effects, and corroded the silver electrode. What’s more, The change of pore size in silicone rubber will affect the H2S corrosion reaction. The smaller the pore, the higher the specific surface area and the more polar H2S molecules adsorbed by rubber. So the special pore distribution of the size of the intercalation was beneficial to reduce the diffusion resistance of H2S molecules in rubber. The above analysis results also provided ideas and direction for the improvement of silicone rubber. The pore distribution of silicone rubber could be controlled by controlling the viscosity and the surface drying time of the glue solution, so as to ensure the filling effect of the silicone rubber and prevent the corrosion failure of the silver electrode.
Geophysical survey of landslide movement and mechanism in Gorontalo Outer Ring Road, Gorontalo
Authors: Usman F C A , Manyoe I N , Duwingik R F , Kasim D N P
Published: November 2020

Gorontalo infrastructure development focus on improving transport efficiency through the development of Gorontalo Outer Ring Road (GORR). The Government has set the cost 750 billion rupiahs for GORR and planned will be completed by 2019 but constrained by landslides. This research aims to reconstruct and identify the type and mechanism of a landslide at GORR. The result of this research is landslide type and mechanism in the research area. The method used is 2-dimensional electrical resistivity sounding with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Landslide mechanism is analyzed based on the resistivity value table on Vingoe resistivity value supported by geological data. Based on geophysical data, subsurface conditions showed blocks of limestone with a resistivity value about 132 Ωm and marked red-purple colors. These blocks of limestone interpreted as the result of the weathering process and buried in weathered clastic limestone. Landslide movement type is sliding movement and concluded as a rockslide. There is a potential for subsurface landslide blocks occur caused by the weathering process on fractures in the research area. The future prevention steps are by increasing the surface water absorption by planting in the geotextiles or prevent water infiltration in the landslide area. In addition, manufacturing retaining wall is also required.
Enhanced removal of heavy metals using sorbent and Phragmites australis
Authors: Bien Nguyen Quoc , Hoang Ha Nguyen Thi
Published: November 2020

Water pollution by heavy metals has currently been an increasing worldwide concern. This study was conducted to assess the removal efficiency of a treatment system using sorbent and common reed (Phragmites australis). Approximately 1400 g of sorbent that was modified from Ban Cuon iron mine drainage sludge by adding 10% sodium silicate solution and heating at 400 °C was put in a column of 1.8l. The initial concentrations of As and Cd in inflow water were 1.0 mg/l, those of Pb, Mn, and Zn were 6.0 mg/l. During 30 days of the laboratory experiment, aqueous solution of constant flow rate (50 l/day) was pumped through the sorbent column before flowing into surface and horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands using P. australis. The results showed that the removal efficiency of As, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn by sorbent – surface constructed wetland were 83.0 – 89.5, 89.3 – 93.3, 69.7 – 98.0, 94.8 – 95.4, and 69.2 – 92.3%, respectively; those by sorbent – subsurface constructed wetland were 85.3 – 89.1, 98.5 – 98.7, 92.8 – 98.7, 95.5 – 96.0, and 93.1 – 96.2%. The concentrations of heavy metals in the outlet water met the National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater of Vietnam (QCVN 40:2011–BTNMT) with the exception of As, which indicates the effectiveness of combined sorbent and P. australis for simultaneous removal of these metals from contaminated water.
Distribution of heavy metals in sediment along the Southern coast of Vietnam
Authors: Tu Nguyen P C , Ha Nguyen N , Tri Nguyen N , Dong Nguyen V
Published: November 2020

The heavy metals (HM), particularly As, Cd, Pb and Hg, are considered most toxic to biota and environment. In this study, spatial and seasonal distribution of HMs (Cd, Pb, Hg and As) were measured in two sediment fractions (< 63 μm and 63 – 500 μm) collected in the farming area of blood cockle. A total of 104 sediment sampled along the Southern coast of Vietnam between December 2012 and July 2015 were examined. The average concentrations (μg/g) of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in sediment fraction of 63 – 500 μm ranged from 4.16 to 16.8, < 0.004 to 0.219, 9.52 to 17.3 and 0.031 to 0.076, respectively. While, the mean levels (μg/g) of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in sediment fraction of < 63 μm ranged from 4.59 to 12.8, < 0.004 to 0.187, 9.94 to 14.6 and 0.042 to 0.080, respectively. Generally, no statistically significant differences were found for concentrations of HMs in both fractions between two seasons and among provinces. The concentrations of HMs analyzed in sediment were compared to quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life recommended by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the Vietnamese organizations (QCVN 43 : 2012/BTNMT). HM levels in all samples were lower than the Vietnamese regulation and the probable effect level in the CCME guideline. However, As levels in 67/103 and 84/104 of two fractions of < 63 μm and 63 – 500 μm, respectively, exceeded the threshold effect level of 7.24 μg/g in the CCME standard. It suggested that As accumulated in sediment in these provinces could be harmful to the aquatic organism.
Development of Bioadsorbent Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste to Mercury Absorption Efficiency
Authors: Lukum Astin , Paramata Yoseph , Botutihe Deasy N , Akume Jefrin , Sukamto Kostiawan , Paramata Arfiani Rizki
Published: November 2020

This study aims to develop chitosan bioadsorben from shrimp shell waste that is applied to water samples in unlicensed mining activities in the Bone River of Gorontalo Province. The properties of chitosan were characterized, such as the determination of water content, ash content, solubility test and determination of acetylation degree by using FTIR. Prior to the application of chitosan products into samples in unlicensed mines locations, a qualitative metal mercury test was conducted on the samples using specific reagents for mercury metals, namely HCl, KI, NaOH, and NH3. The result showed that chitosan deacetylation degree was 73.88%, characterization test fulfilled chitosan standard requirement that was ash content 0.4%, water content 6.48% and soluble in acetic acid. Chitosan products from shrimp shell waste can be used as an environmentally friendly bioadsorbent that can reduce the level of mercury metal in the unlicensed mining activities in the Bone River of Gorontalo Province by 54.90%.
Temperature dependence for purification of leachate containing heavy metals by phytoremediation using the artificial channel
Authors: Okazaki K , Kurahashi T , Yamazaki S , Sakakibara M
Published: November 2020

Concentrations of heavy metals leach from soil and rock excavated at civil engineering construction sites occasionally exceed the environmental criteria value in Japan. The phytoremediation is one of the techniques for cleaning up contaminated environments. The Eleocharis acicularis is tolerant plant of a wide variety of heavy metals, and it absorbs and accumulates these metals and has been proven to be effective in mine effluent treatment. In this study, we conducted a purification experiment using an artificial channel to know the ability of the E. acicularis to absorb and accumulate heavy metals due to differences in temperature. The drainage containing arsenic flowing out of the embankment flowed into the artificial channel at different periods of average temperature. As a result of experiments, the arsenic content of the E. acicularis were confirmed increasing in 3.4 mg/kg in the summer and 2.3 mg/kg in the winter. These values are corresponding with 0.8% in the summer and in 0.3% in the winter for the arsenic gross weight of the displacement according to each season. Thus, the arsenic absorption ability of the E. acicularis was able to grasp by the artificial channel experiment.
Sociodemographic Attributes and Dependency on Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: the Case of Rural Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Komatsu Satoru , Tanaka Katsuya , Sakakibara Masayuki , Arifin Yayu Indriati , Pateda Sri Manovita , Manyoe Intan Noviantari
Published: November 2020

The objective of this research is to investigate the livelihoods of villagers of rural Gorontalo, where limited job opportunities and poor infrastructure impede improvements in rural settlements. The research focused on rural regions where small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities are prevalent in the economy. Given the associated complexities of the livelihoods of the villagers, the paper pays particular attention to household income and its sources and then examines associations with key socioeconomic variables, focusing especially on the contribution of educational development. The questionnaire survey was conducted among households in five villages of rural Gorontalo in August 2017, and 310 effective samples were collected. The results indicate that more affluent households receive a higher proportion of income from formal public sectors, such as government institutions. The source of income from mining accounts for approximately 20%, which is almost constant across the income quartiles. Fractional logit models were employed to examine the dependency of household income on mining. The estimation results indicate that educated households depend less on mining income than do uneducated households. Households with young household heads receive less income from mining than do those with old household heads. The paper implies that low educational attainments are related to a higher dependency on mining, probably due to limited job opportunities in the formal sector. Therefore, improvements in educational attainment are associated with a reduced dependency on the mining sector. The results yield key information for formulating policies for remote villages where a substantial improvement in rural livelihoods is pivotal to reduce dependency in the context of poor ASGM regions.
Environmental Risk and Health Hazardous Substances in Artisanal Small-Scaled Gold Mining in Sekotong, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Novianti S , Abdurrachman M , Claudia D , Basuki NI
Published: November 2020

Gold (Au), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are mined within Indonesia’s Archipelago as predominantly a mineral-rich country. Au is the worthiest metals compare to all these minerals over the years. Because of that reason, gold mining is one of major economic activity in Indonesia participated through by large-scale, artisanal and small-scale entities Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has been a source of chances for employment and subsistence to thousands of people. On the contrary, artisanal small-scale gold mining contributes to serious environmental and health issues for miners, nearby populations, and larger society when the use of mercury (Hg) occurs. This study aims to review environmental risk and health-hazardous substances in Artisanal Small-Scaled Gold Mining in Sekotong, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia which also emphasized geological data from the former study. The results showed that Sekotong’s ASGM area is centered by three hydrothermal alteration halos developing from proximal argillic, distal propylitic and superimposed advance argillic alteration also capped by ore mineralization. A high-dense mineralized stockwork of quartz vein as the main characterization founded. Under those circumstances, pledge local miners around the area to execute the prospects without knowing self-assessment and investigation. In conclusion, Sekotong’s ASGM area became one of the shortlisted areas that investigating the effects of mercury on the environment and people’s health signifies urgently necessary for developing a better solution to eliminate further mercury contamination to the environment in Sekotong’s ASGM area due to the extraction of the prospects before another catastrophe befalls.
Eco-Biger (Ecopreneur Biodigester) is Right Digester Innovation for Houshold to Increase People’s Welfare in Indonesia
Authors: Syahroni A K , Roby W T , Rahmanda T
Published: November 2020

Indonesia could produce 13 million organic waste, even this makes the potential of methane gas can be biogas and even its slurry can be composted too, people who are indifferent to it. Therefore, Eco-Biger innovation is required that maximizes the potential of organic waste even Eco-Biger is able to educate people to reduce the use of fossil energy and technology-based. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is (1) to find out how Eco-Biger works, (2) to know the strategy of realizing SDG’s appropriately through Eco-Biger, and (3) to know Eco-Biger implementation technique. The method used is research R&D (research development) with data collection techniques that is, observation, literature study and interview with recipient kalpataru in Pasuruan. The results is; (1) organic waste is fed through the input hose on Eco-Biger, then the waste will be fermented and produce methane gas and the gas will be piped through the installation pipe for use; (2) Eco-Biger transforms organic waste into biogas. It supports the 7th and 13th goals of SDG’s on clean and affordable Energy and climate change mitigation. and (3) Implementation, production, testing, cooperation with stakeholder and distribution, socialization, training user, and evaluation.
Customary Practices of Musyawarah Mufakat: An Indonesian Style of Consensus Building
Authors: Anggita Citra , Hatori Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2020

Musyawarah Mufakat is a form of Indonesian native culture of consensus building. It has been adopted as one of the foundational philosophical theories of the Indonesian state (Pancasila) and become a method of decision making system in the Indonesian government. The traditional system, however, could be inconsistent with more modernized and western democratic system, which has been introduced especially in urban areas through the period of Indonesian independence and democratization, known as the Reformation Era. Previous studies have not explained clearly the characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat and examined its association with the concept of modern democratization. In this research, we investigated the real situation of Musyawarah Mufakat in rural areas and explored relevant characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat through qualitative interview and observation on Musyawarah Mufakat in three areas in Java Island (Osing people, Tenggerese people and Kampung Naga people) and literature reviews on Musyawarah Mufakat. We then considered the way to realize a modernized decision making in accordance with the traditional style of decision making; what kind of conflict can occur when the local government ignores Musyawarah Mufakat, how to settle the conflict between democracy and Musyawarah Mufakat, and what decision makers should pay attention when making and implementing policy in Indonesia were discussed.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Fish Quality Standard Compliance
Authors: Dali Faiza A , Husain Rahim
Published: November 2020

Fresh fish is a major prerequisite for consumers to be consumed as a side dish or as a raw material in the technology of fishery products. This study aims to determine the compliance of fishery producers, especially fish sellers in maintaining the standard of fresh fish quality, in order to remain eligible for consumption. The research method used survey method (direct observation) at the location. The survey location is in the Sentral market of Gorontalo city. Data analysis was done descriptively qualitative based on Indonesian National Standard of fresh fish. Based on the results of monitoring and evaluation shows that the process of procurement of fresh fish is good enough in implementing standards, which means internally does not indicate quality deviations. When fresh fish began to be marketed, the results of monitoring and evaluation showed a less than optimal value, meaning that the effect of decreasing the quality of fresh fish is more dominant due to external factors.
Concentration of Pb, Sn and Fe Metals on Milk Products and Canned Fish in Gorontalo City
Authors: Rewini Wiwin Kunusa , Thomas Nurain , Silaban Doly Prima , Iyabu Hendrik , Taupik Muhammad
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the levels of Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn) and Iron (Fe) in milk products and canned fish at the markets around Gorontalo City. A total of 16 samples of infant formula and canned fish were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (method. The calibration curves showed regression value r = 0.9997 (Sn), r = 0.9965 (Fe), r = 0.9995 (Pb). LOD and LOQ value is Pb=0.09 and 0.11, Sn=1.81 and 2.23, Fe=0.07 and 0.13. The result showed that in infant formula concentration of Pb and Sn were lower than LOD value ppm and concentrations of Fe were obtained 6.91 ppm, 8.09 ppm, 11.07 ppm, 12.27 ppm, 6.79 ppm, 10.27 ppm, 5.96 ppm, 1.57 ppm. In canned fish concentration of Pb and Sn were lower than LOD value and Fe metal of 1-8 samples obtained 12.99 ppm, 8.24 ppm, 11.20 ppm, 15.67 ppm, 7.11 ppm, 11.56 ppm, 19.24 ppm, and 14.99 ppm. Dissensus that the concentration of Fe> Sn> Pb metal in infant formula and canned milk samples. Health Risk Analysis Index (HRI) value in infant formula and canned fish skin samples were <1, so can be assumed these products safe to consume infant formula.
Investigation of Cartesian Routing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks
Authors: Al-sofy Karam mheidy , Al-Talib Sahar Abdulaziz
Published: November 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are a pilotless aircraft that does not require any direct human intervention for flying. It can move autonomously based on its pre-programmed software, or can be remotely controlled. Besides its basic plane components, it also contains some computing devices and sensors for determining its position and for gathering information from the mission area. Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANET) are comprised of autonomous flying vehicles. It is a special case of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) characterized by a high degree of mobility. One of the most difficult and complex challenges facing FANETs is the routing process. To achieve this goal the Cartesian Orientation Protocol is used. The Cartesian routing protocol exploits geographic information for UAVs rather than using the address to direct packets to its destination. In this work, the most prominent algorithms based on geographic location has been highlighted that have been adapted to work in a three-dimensional environment and implemented in a common scenario and evaluated through several measures such as Packet Delivery Ratio, Path Dilation and End-to-End Delay.
Intelligent Controllers of Multiple Effect Evaporators via Simulation
Authors: Ahmed Duraid F. , Khalaf Zainab A.
Published: November 2020

This study deals with studying the dynamics and control of multiple effect evaporators by implementing two intelligent controllers for the evaporation of caustic soda. A mathematical model for evaporator is derived based on mass and energy balance. A dynamic model is designed using “MATLAB/Simulink” program based on the mathematical model derived. The intelligent controllers in this study are fuzzy and neural networks and compared with PID controller. The results showed that a good improvement for caustic soda system is achieved when the fuzzy logic with seven membership functions and neural predictive controllers are used because these methods have more suitable, lower over shoot, less offset value and less integral absolute error within range.
The effect of green roof on improving the environmental efficiency for the residential buildings in Baghdad city
Authors: Hassan Susan Abed , Husain Saad Ismail
Published: November 2020

Previous studies had proposed the environmental advantages of green roofs applications for the cities. This research investigated the effect of the green roof on improving the environmental efficiency for the residential buildings in Baghdad city as an example for hot aired climate. The research studied in practical applications of roof planting which represented by planting pots with Ficus plant on special desks designed contained the pots on the same type of traditional roof type, and compares it cooling loads and thermal properties with a traditional roof for a residential building. The results showed that cooling energy lost for green roof were lower in about 64% as compared to traditional roof. Also the recorded temperatures for the interior roof surface and the air temperature for the green roof were lower by 8 °C in summer months as compared to the traditional roof, while the green roof were moderate temperatures in about 3 °C for winter months.
Improving Operational Efficiency of Government using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Al-witwit Saif Salam Ibrahim , Ibrahim Abdullahi Abdu
Published: November 2020

In this paper we developed a technique for Improving the operational efficiency of the government using Artificial Intelligence, we discussed the concept of insurance and how the concept of insurance will change and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already disrupting the state of this industry. Insurers worldwide are using AI to automatize processes and tasks, such as fraud detection, underwriting, and claims processing. Additionally, there has been a rise of new competitors in the market, such as InsurTechs, that are bringing innovative solutions for insurance using Artificial neural network (ANN), responding to the new trends in customers’ lifestyles and behaviors, that are more demanding for services directed for their needs. This study aims to understand how personalization of insurance policies, created with Artificial Intelligence and how its efficiency can be improved, and how it will disrupt this industry in the future and what will be the impact on the government’s operational efficiency. We have chosen worldwide Governance indicator dataset which is publically available the personalization of an insurance policy with AI would encompass the definition of the coverages and premiums more appropriate for an individual customer and do the risk evaluation, in a market of one strategy. This innovation would take advantage of the accrual of Big Data from customers for the optimization, as people are each time more connected and information about them is constantly being shared, allowing companies to use it to know consumers better and for the training, testing and validation a well-known MATLAB R2019a software was used for this purpose. We achieved an accuracy of 95.25% using 9-Fold cross-validation.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLAME STABILITY MAP (OPERATING WINDOW) BY USING A TANGENTIAL SWIRL BURNER FOR THE CONFINEMENT AND UNCONFINEMENT SPACE
Authors: Hasan Karrar S. , Khwayyir H. H. S. , Abd Al-wahid Wisam A.
Published: November 2020

Despite the development in the field of energy usage and the ways to reach it to meet the needs of human life, the energy is the actual measure of development in any society. The hydrocarbons fuel is the main energy source in the world and the increments in consumption hydrocarbons lead to an increase in the pollutants and increase global warming. To obtain economical combustion systems that have more stable, the present work used a new design for LPG tangential swirl burner to clarify the extent of the combustion stability for with and without confinement space (flashback, and blowoff). Moreover, study the produced heating power for both confinements and without confinement. The experiments were performed with four constant values of gas (2, 4, 8, and 10) L/min at different airflow rates for individual gas value. The results demonstrated that the flame stability behavior of the confinement burner was clear when Ф verify from 0.39 to 1.4, while without confinement the flame stability was clear when verifying from 0.34 to 1.7. For the same operation parameters the values of heating input (2.63, 6.56, 10.55, and 13.19) kW.
Monitoring of Water Surface Change of Haditha Dam’s Lake Using Satellite Data Technique
Authors: Hason Mahir Mahmod , Abbas Malik R. , Ahmad Baharin Bin , Abbas Talib R.
Published: November 2020

Water bodies in Iraq and other countries are considered the essential key for human life as they play a large and influential role in the country’s economy. Thus, the strategic plans of water management must be developed according to the need for future requirements. The current study aims to monitor the change in the water surface area of Haditha Dam Lake by calculating the surface area of the lake over a sequential time (1985-2019). GIS and Satellite imagery techniques were used to achieve the goal of the study. Landsat Space Archive was used with its fifth, seventh and eighth categories according to Path 170 / Row 36. The results showed that the lake generated from the dam was tested by three main stages. The first stage (1985-1988), the second stage (1988-2000) and third stage (2000-2019). The study presented that the average area of the Haditha dam Lak for the period 2001-2016 was 313 km2, compared to the average area of 418 km2 for the period 1988-2000, which means that the difference in the average surface area decreased by 25%. The Maximum and minimum water surface areas were about 427 km2 and 148 km2 for 2014 and 2015 respectively throughout the period time of 1988 to 2019. The declination behaviour of the surface area was observed from 1988 t0 2019 for the general trend line with a slope of 11.8.
Simulation of Dewatering System in A Mine Shaft Using A Prototype Model Driving by Arduino Microprocessor
Authors: Kanam Omer Haitham , Ibrahim Abdullah H.
Published: November 2020

Dewatering is a process which is related to water removing from the excavation worksite during mining. In this research, a prototype model of shaft mine has been fabricated and the system is simulated using ultra sonic sensors and ARDUINOUNO microprocessor and a control monitor has been built by LABVIEW software to drive the system. Horizontal slice Method has been applied in calculations of water level. An extensive tests are carried out by measuring the water level inside the mine shaft and is compared to predicted data from the system. The recorded error is 0.22 % of the whole tank capacity at full load condition. A desired water level is calculated based on the desired time and this one is compared to the speed of sound with an interesting result of average error 0.00036s in time. This mechanism is absolutely passed with no modification and it has a flexibility to apply in various industrial aspects efficiently with low cost.
Using Distance Learning Programs as Instructional Technology in Architectural Engineering. Case study- Teaching Staff of Architectural Engineering Department, Alnahrain University
Authors: Rizco Nawfal Josef , Yousif Sajjad Yaqoob
Published: November 2020

This study aimed primarily to identify the current reality of using instructional technology, especially distance learning programs, in Architectural Engineering Department, Alnahrain University, where the distance learning system was adopted in the course of all study syllabuses at all levels, after it become difficult to go to the universities. In order to complete the classroom requirements - given that Iraq and all countries of the world are included in the curfew due to the outbreak of COVID-19 virus -, and in order to learn about the reality of this experience, which is using the distance learning programs as instructional technology in architecture, the researcher has designed a questionnaire to identify the reality of this experience. After verifying the validity and stability of this questionnaire, the researcher distributed it to respondents from all levels. The researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach, and then he followed many statistical processing such as (T) test, Pearson correlation coefficient and one- way analysis of variance for analyzing the data. The researcher has found out many results, most notably: -The research showed that the distinctive feature of the level professors’ views is negative regarding the use of instructional technology in distance learning programs.Finally, the research concluded a number of recommendations and proposals that help to address the research problem, and shed more light on it.
Numerical and experimental analysis of effect of working fluid amount on the thermal performance of thermo-syphon system
Authors: Jasim Ayoob Khalid , Freegah Basim , Alhamdo Mohammed Hamed
Published: November 2020

The thermal performance enhancement of a thermo-syphon system has been studied by many researchers. However, according to the best knowledge of the authors, the impact of the amount of the working fluid on the performance of thermo-syphon has not hitherto been studied. In the present work the impact of inserting a closed tube inside the riser pipe and effect of increase and decrease the amount of the working fluid on the thermal performance have been investigated. Several cases have been considered and tested. To ensure the validity of the theoretical results, an experimental work has been conducted and results compared with numerical results. The results show good match between numerical and experimental results. In particular, the maximum difference between experimental and numerical results is found 14.52% and 11.23% for water temperature inside tank and working fluid at outlet of the riser pipe respectively. As well as, the numerical results have been demonstrated that the amount of the working fluid within the thermos-syphon loop has a noticeable impact on the thermal performance of the regarding system. Furthermore, it is found that the (case-A-) is the best case among all cases under consideration regarding system the thermal performance of thermos-syphon. Moreover, a correlation equation to predict water temperature within the storage tank has been established. The accuracy of this equation around 95.6%.
Developing Sustainability Measurement Tool for University of Babylon
Authors: Al-sareji Osamah J. , Aldefiery Mohammed E , Al-Mamoori Ansaf Nsaif Jasim , Al-muttairi Ali K.
Published: November 2020

In the last few decades, there have been increasing in assessing sustainability for industrial originations worldwide. The educational institution stared to adopt these principles as it is considering a large platform to start with. Narrowing down to the Iraqi educational institutions, there are still frustrating with applying the sustainability concept at the universities. Therefore, a developed tool to assess the current sustainability situation was conducted. Based on the analyzing by using Prism software after a year of gathering data, there was a significant issue with all the 15 indicators. The indicators broke down into Transportation, Educations and Research, Recycling Systems, Green Buildings as well as Water and Wastewater. The developed sustainability assessment tool is beneficial for any other university that willing to take a part in this principle with continuous measuring should be monitored.
Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Kaolin
Authors: Ethaib Saleem , Zubaidi Salah L.
Published: November 2020

Freshwater resources were suffered from the pollution problems that resulted from pollutants of industries such as dyes and colourants. This study utilised a natural adsorbent, kaolin clay to remove pollutants’ dye (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solutions. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption efficiency for dye removal from aqueous solution under varying conditions such as initial pH (pH), contact time, initial dye concentration on adsorption of dye. The optimum pH was found to be 6. The investigations in this study showed that 83% of dye removal can be achieved at the first 50thmin. Meanwhile, 60 min was enough to reach the equilibrium state. Additionally, the results revealed that 100 mg/l of kaolin can lead to increase the 83 mg/g of adsorbed dye amount. The maximum removal was 89 % when the quantity of kaolin dosage increased to be 1.5 g. To sum up it, using kaolin as adsorbent material showed high efficiency to remove the dye which can be another addition for serious water pollution treatment efforts.
A Review: Asynchronous Counters Using Quantum Gates
Authors: Sherif Noora H. , Ali Mohammed Hussein
Published: November 2020

The major trouble at present time technology is the information loss due to high technology circuits and system designed using irreversible hardware, to solve this problem used quantum gate. The prime purposed of designing quantum gate to reduce power consumption, decrease quantum cost, delay, number of garbage outputs. Quantum gate requires non-demolition of information, Therefore the number of inputs must be similar to the number of outputs. This paper presents a review of the asynchronous counter designed by T flip-flop and comparing with existing.
Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting high performance concrete containing nano-metakaolin as a partial replacement
Authors: Hashim Ansam Ali , Rodhan Zahraa kazem , Abbas Saleem Jasim
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effect of partial substitution of cement material with nano-materials represented by nano-metakaolin(NMK) has been studied on the fresh and hardening properties of High-Performance Self-Compacting concrete (SCHPC), where the substitution was made in different proportions, namely (1.25, 2.5 and 3.75). Four mixtures were made, the first reference and the remaining three mixtures in which the cement was partially replaced by the above mentioned proportions. Fresh characteristics represented by the Slump flow, T5 0c m, the L- box and the V- funnel were studied. As for the hardening properties, the compression and tensile strengths were examined. We observed through practical results that the Slump flow and L- box values decrease as the percentage of partial substitution of cement to nano-metakaolin increases. Whereas, T5 0cm and T v It increases with the increase in the partial substitution rate for cement with nanometakaolin. As for compressive strength and tensile strength, it increases with the increase in the percentage of partial replacement of cement with nano-metakaolin.
Review on the types of solar stills
Authors: Amir Khadim Mohammad Abd Al , Abd AL-Awahid Wisam A. , Hachim Dhafer M.
Published: November 2020

The Using of desalination technology to meet The demand for fresh water production and that is increasing day by day is due to the increase in world population and with industrial growth. Among technologies used for desalination, Solar stills are easy to design, easy to maintain and low cost compared to other water systems . the same time, it has low productivity, But its disadvantages are low productivity, The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of the various types of solar stills, passive and active design features, single and multi-function designs. And different efficiency improvements, The reflectors used, fins, heat storage, condensers, collectors, Also to improve heat and mass transfers. New advances in phase-change materials and nano composites Are highly promising for further performance development, Subsequent studies in these and other areas needs to be carried out to improve productivity of the solar distillers and take advantage of solar energy in this and other fields.