bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAIR CHECK
Authors: Simatupang Yusrawati JR
Published: August 2020

Writing is an activity of delivering messages, ideas, feelings, and information in writing to others. One of the writing activities studied in class VII is the writing of the procedure text. Based on the initial observation in SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh obtained the idea that the ability of students to write the correct procedure text is still lacking. So the research aims to determine the enhancement of the procedure text writing method with a model learning pair checks in students of class VII-1 SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. This type of research is class action research (CAR). The research subject is a grade VII-1 student numbering 27 people. Data collection is done by providing tests to students. The results showed that students ' writing skills in the I cycle of the average value of the student test was 74, including the incomplete cathedral. Furthermore, in the cycle II the average grade test of students is 84 then the learning will already include complete category. Based on the data it can be concluded that the study pair checks can improve the ability of students in writing.

Abstrak

Menulis  merupakan suatu kegiatan penyampaian pesan, gagasan, perasaan, dan informasi secara tertulis kepada pihak lain. Salah satu kegiatan menulis yang dipelajari di kelas VII yaitu menulis teks prosedur. Berdasarkan  observasi awal di SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh diperoleh gambaran bahwa   kemampuan siswa menulis teks prosedur secara tepat masih kurang. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menulis teks prosedur dengan model pembelajaran pair checks pada siswa kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Adapun subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-1 berjumlah 27 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan tes kepada siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis siswa pada siklus I nilai rata-rata tes siswa adalah 74 maka termasuk katergori belum tuntas. Selanjutnya, pada siklus II nilai rata-rata tes siswa adalah 84 maka ketuntasan belajar sudah termasuk kategori tuntas. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran pair checks dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis.

Kata Kunci :Menulis, Teks Prosedur, Model Pair Checks
Pembelajaran Berbasis Alam untuk Kemampuan Problem Solving Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Amiliya Reni , Dryas M Anung
Published: August 2020

Problems always exist throughout human life, including early childhood. Early childhood are required to be able to solve each of their own problem properly. Currently there are still children who have not been able to solve the problems they face without the help of teachers or other adults. To overcome this problem, researchers proposes nature-based learning to develop children's problem solving abilities. This learning offers children as active learners who are free to play and explore so that they will gain their own experience and knowledge directly. The experience and knowledge gained is used by children to overcome the problems they encounter. The effectiveness of nature-based learning was evaluated by designing learning activities carried out by the quasi-experimental method for 36 children. Two variables: nature-based learning and problem solving abilities. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the problem solving ability of early childhood by 86.11%.
Perceived Ease, Benefits and Perceived Enjoyment of E-Invoice User Interests
Authors: Bahari Afandy , Rahman Mus Abdul , Mursalim Mursalim
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze and assess perceptions about comfort, benefits and convenience of the interests of users of electronic invoices at the Maros Main Tax Service Office. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis, with a total sample of 100 respondents. The results showed that the perception of comfort, convenience and comfort has a positive and significant effect on the interests of e-invoice users at the Maros Pratama Tax Office
The Brink
Authors: Little Taylor Amari
Published: August 2020

This is a channeling of messages documenting answers around the Unknown, Unarchived, and Uncaptured of our genealogies returning to us, simultaneously marking the ending of This World. Resulting in an interview with Ancestors, the documentation is a mixture of transcribing them, as well as describing + converting the non-verbal energies and images into verbal formatting, with their editing + approval.

This conversation remains dedicated to and channeled for those of our lineages, people, and creatures, who strategically made the choice to combine for survival purposes in the face of cosmic imperialism, as led by who we now know today as whites. This is for all the interspecies alliances that were formed for the sake of lineage preservation, leading to the creation of ourselves today.

What you will read was Spoken and Crafted with care by myself, my Ancestors (with some additions of Black spirits akin to them), and the specific species of non-human creatures that decided to present themselves for this moment.
CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Synergy of Chloride Ion Concentration and Temperature on Metal Penetration
Authors: Pessu Frederick , Barker Richard , Neville Anne
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the synergy of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel in CO2-saturated environments. Experiments were conducted over 168 h in different concentrations of NaCl brines (1 wt%, 3.5 wt%, and 10 wt%) and temperatures (30°C, 50°C, and 80°C) with the aim of elucidating the combined effect of changes in chloride ion concentration and temperature on overall metal degradation, taking into consideration general and pitting corrosion. This also includes a correlation with the formation and properties of FeCO3 corrosion products. Linear polarization resistance was implemented to monitor the electrochemical responses. Corrosion product characteristics and morphologies were studied through a combination of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Pitting corrosion evaluation was conducted through the application of 3D surface profilometry to study pit geometries such as the depth and diameter. The results show that general and pitting corrosion are strongly correlated to the synergistic effects of changing chloride ion concentration and temperature in carbon steel as a result of their combined influence on ferrite (Fe) dissolution and FeCO3 formation. This represents a paradigm shift from the already established mechanisms on chloride ion and temperature effects on passive alloys such as stainless steel. Increasing chloride ion concentration and temperature up to 10 wt% NaCl and 50°C to 80°C, respectively, is observed to increase the rate of Fe dissolution and formation of semiprotective FeCO3 corrosion products, leading to the increased manifestation and severity of pitting corrosion. The results also show that a “threshold chloride concentration” exists at 30°C, above which there is no significant increase in corrosion rate. However, such “threshold effects” were not observed at higher temperatures evaluated in the range of chloride concentration considered in this study.
Developing a Nomogram Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Chinese Handwriting in First Grade
Authors: Hwang Yea-Shwu , Su Pei-Fang , Hsiao Ying-Lu , Tsai Wen-Hui , Hung Jo-Ying
Published: August 2020

Importance: Few predictive models for later handwriting difficulties have been developed for kindergarteners.

Objective: To develop a nomogram for the purpose of detecting the risk of later poor Chinese handwriting among Taiwanese kindergarteners.

Design: One-year prospective longitudinal, observational study.

Setting: Kindergarten and elementary school.

Participants: One hundred fifty-six kindergarteners were included. In first grade, they were grouped into the normal and poor handwriting groups on the basis of handwriting performance in first grade.

Outcomes and Measures: Participants received fine motor (FM), visual–perceptual (VP), and visual–motor integration tests in kindergarten and handwriting assessments in first grade.

Results: Logistic regression results indicated that younger age at school entry and lower scores on measures of FM and VP in kindergarten increased the risk for later poor handwriting. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the nomogram built with these risk factors was .75, indicating that the nomogram had acceptable diagnostic value.

Conclusions and Relevance: This nomogram could be used as a screening tool to detect kindergarteners at risk of poor Chinese handwriting in first grade.

What This Article Adds: This study is the first to establish a nomogram constructed with significant predictors in kindergarten of a child’s probability of poor handwriting later in first grade. This predictive nomogram may help occupational therapists, educators, and parents identify at-risk kindergarteners early for the purpose of early interventions to prevent later poor Chinese handwriting.
A MODULAR MOBILE MAPPING PLATFORM FOR COMPLEX INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Kalisperakis I. , Mandilaras T. , El Saer A. , Stamatopoulou P. , Stentoumis C. , Bourou S. , Grammatikopoulos L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this work we present the development of a prototype, mobile mapping platform with modular design and architecture that can be suitably modified to address effectively both outdoors and indoors environments. Our system is built on the Robotics Operation System (ROS) and utilizes multiple sensors to capture images, pointclouds and 3D motion trajectories. These include synchronized cameras with wide angle lenses, a lidar sensor, a GPS/IMU unit and a tracking optical sensor. We report on the individual components of the platform, it’s architecture, the integration and the calibration of its components, the fusion of all recorded data and provide initial 3D reconstruction results. The processing algorithms are based on existing implementations of SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) methods combined with SfM (Structure-from-Motion) for optimal estimations of orientations and 3D pointclouds. The scope of this work, which is part of an ongoing H2020 program, is to digitize the physical world, collect relevant spatial data and make digital copies available to experts and public for covering a wide range of needs; remote access and viewing, process, design, use in VR etc.
CONSTRUCTION AND TEST OF BIO-INSPIRED IMAGING POLARIZATION NAVIGATION PROTOTYPE
Authors: Lu H. , Xie Y. , Zhang K. , Zhang H. , Zou X. M. , Wang J. , Zhao K. C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Bio-inspired polarization navigation is a promising navigation method inspired by insects’ autonomous foraging and homing behaviour. Many insects acquire their spatial orientation by sensing the polarization pattern of the skylight. We propose utilization of solar meridian in the polarized skylight as an orientation cue because of its significant features. Using its features, we then design and construct an imaging polarization navigation prototype. The prototype consists of a field-division polarization imaging sensor, the corresponding software, an interface, and the solar-meridian recognizing and measurement algorithm. The field-division polarization imaging sensor is the core component of the prototype and acquires polarized intensity images. To adapt to the demand of real-time on navigation system, we then propose an optimized real-time polarization image processing and pattern recognition algorithm based on Hough transform. The azimuth measurement accuracy of the sensor is then calibrated using a facility that is able to get higher azimuth accuracy by measurement of the star light. To verify the navigation capability of the developed system, we use a dynamic experiment, where the prototype is installed on the top of a vehicle and its navigation performance is compared with GNSS.
INTEGRITY – A TOPIC FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY ?
Authors: Schön S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Photogrammetric methods and sensors like LIDAR, RADAR and cameras are becoming more and more important for new applications like highly automatic driving, since they enable capturing relative information of the ego vehicle w.r.t its environment. Integrity measure the trust that we can put in the navigation information of a system. The concept of integrity was first developed for civil aviation and is linked to reliability concepts well known in geodesy and photogrammetry. Currently, the navigation community is discussing how to guarantee integrity for car navigation and multi-sensor systems.In this paper, we will give a short review on integrity concepts and on the current discussion of how to apply it to car navigation. We will discuss which role photogrammetry could play to solve the open issues in the integrity definition and monitoring for multi-sensor systems.
AMS-3000 LARGE FIELD VIEW AERIAL MAPPING SYSTEM: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND THE WORKFLOW
Authors: Xi K. , Duan Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Three-line array stereo aerial survey camera is a typical mapping equipment of aerial photogrammetry. As one of the airborne equipment, it can quickly obtain a large range of basic geographic information with high precision. At present, typical three-line array stereoscopic aerial survey cameras, such as Leica ADS40 and 80, have the disadvantages of small field of view and low resolution, which makes it difficult to meet the demand of large-scale topographic mapping for economic construction. For the urgent need of domestic three linear array aerial mapping camera in our project, we developed the AMS-3000 camera system. Camera features include a large field of view, high resolution, low distortion and high environmental adaptability. The AMS-3000 system has reached the international advanced level on both software and hardware aspects.
Erratum to: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil on Depression
Authors: Linkov Faina
Published: August 2020

The editors of the Central Asian Journal of Global Health regretfully published the article “A Systematic Review of the Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil on Depression” with a misspelled word in the title. This mistake has been corrected. The original article has been updated to reflect this change.Jafar-Koulaee A, Elyasi F, Taraghi Z, Ilali ES, Moosazadeh M. A systematic review of the effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on depression. Cent Asian J Glob Health. 2020;9(1) doi:10.5195/cajgh.2020.442.
Reseña. Marina Garone Gravier y María Andrea Giovine Yáñez (eds.) Bibliología e iconotextualidad. Estudios interdisciplinarios sobre las relaciones entre textos e imágenes. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de México, 2019
Authors: Mascioto María de los Ángeles
Published: August 2020

Reseña. Marina Garone Gravier y María Andrea Giovine Yáñez (eds.) Bibliología e iconotextualidad. Estudios interdisciplinarios sobre las relaciones entre textos e imágenes. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de México, 2019
The Anaphor Agreement Effect is not about featural deficiency: Evidence from Avar
Authors: Rudnev Pavel
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses two analyses of the Anaphor Agreement Effect (AAE, Rizzi 1990) in the light of novel data from Avar. By demonstrating that Avar anaphors trigger full, non-trivial agreement on the φ-probe, I argue that the Avar data instantiate a genuine exception to the AAE. I then compare two competing analyses of binding and the AAE: an account whereby anaphoric dependencies arise via the syntactic operation Agree (Murugesan 2019), and a theory deriving the inability of the anaphors’ φ-features to trigger full agreement from the presence of additional structural layers inside the anaphors that render the features inaccessible (Preminger 2019). I claim that the absence of the AAE in Avar is in line with the encapsulation analysis whereas the Agree-based analysis is unsuccessful.
Role of fiction literature in formation of personality of a staff member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shagbanova Khabiba Sadyrovna
Published: August 2020

This article is dedicated to the influence of fiction literary works upon the moral, ethical and intellectual level of staff members, as well as increase of professionalism of the employees of law enforcement. It is noted that increase of professionalism is one of the multifaceted questions requiring integral approach in solution of the tasks of legal, ethical and psychological nature. Improvement of personal qualities of each employee is a determining factor of increasing efficiency and performance of the entire system of law enforcement agencies. It is claimed that personal development is the key to increasing professionalism. The article examines the content of educational aspect of fiction literature and its significant role in formation of personality of staff members of law enforcement agencies, namely moral qualities through a literary character. Analysis is conducted on the main aspects of the heritage of fiction literature as an essential condition for moral upbringing of the staff members, which is reflected in belonging to a noble actions, achievements and heroism of the previous generations. The author develops recommendations for the units on application of artistic means in the process of formation of personality of staff members of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Actionable recommendations from trainees to improve science training
Authors: Davis Stephanie M , Singh Harinder , Weismann Cara M , Bankston Adriana , Sancheznieto Fátima
Published: August 2020

Over the past 20 years, a series of reports written by groups of senior researchers and administrators have recommended changes to improve the training environments for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in the United States. However, academic institutions and departments have largely failed to implement these recommendations, which has exacerbated the problems faced by these trainees. Here, based on input from trainees at different career stages, we outline seven practical changes that academic institutions and departments can make to improve their training environments.
Mode of Action of Anti-diabetic Phyto-Compounds Present in Traditional Indian Plants: A Review
Authors: Jain Divya , Bains Kiran , Singla Neerja
Published: August 2020

The traditionally used plants having therapeutically potent phyto-chemicals are known to have a great potential in the treatment of various ailments including the non-communicable ones like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases etc. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder affecting a large number of population worldwide.  Despite the great efforts made to understand and manage this disorder, its prevalence is increasing unabatedly which creates an upsurging demand for some other approach than conventional medicines. The use of many traditional plants with anti-diabetic potential is being considered as an alternate strategy, which is cost-effective and has less side effects. This paper reviews the accumulated literature mainly for five Indian herbs having anti-diabetic activity and their proposed action of mechanism which has been scientifically tested. Phyto-compounds present in medicinal plants like gurmur (Gymnema Sylvestre), cinnamon (Cinnamomum), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), mulberry leaves (Moraceae Plant) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) have shown significant hypoglycemic potential in treating type 2 diabetes through several possible mechanisms. Gymnemic acid in gurmur can inhibit the intestinal glucose absorption, whereas cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon and palmitoleic acid in Sea buckthorn enhances glucose uptake. The compound 1-deoxynojirimycin found in mulberry leaves inhibits the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and diosgenin in Fenugreek has a role in the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells, thus showing the mechanism of their anti-diabetic action. The inclusion of these medicinal plants in daily dietaries can be looked upon as an alternate strategy towards controlling and managing blood glucose levels among people with diabetes.
The Potential Use of Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Saliva and Urine as Biological Samples for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Algarni Adnan Awn , Bima Abdulhadi I. , Elsamanoudy Ayman Z.
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. 80% of all dementia is due to AD. Diagnosis of AD is a difficult task, as the accurate diagnosis requires post-mortem examination of brain autopsy samples. Diagnosis of AD in living individuals can be aided by the establishment of the clinical criteria, positron emission tomography (PET) examination, and biomarkers. The study of biomarkers for diagnosis of AD could help clinicians to evaluate individuals at risk, and confirm the occurrence as well as the progression of AD in a non-invasive manner. High sensitivity and high specificity of the used markers are mandatory criteria for these biomarkers to trusted for AD diagnosis and prognosis. So, this review article aims to focus on the potential use of body fluids as a source of the biomarkers that are used for investigating patients with AD.

Methodology: In the current study, we reviewed scientific articles that discuss AD pathogenesis and diagnosis of Google Scholar database, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), MEDLINE, and MedlinePlus with no time limitation. Moreover, we discussed the use of recently discovered biomarkers that are detected in blood, CSF, saliva, and urine.

Conclusion: In the current review, it could be concluded that in addition to the blood and cerebrospinal fluid as common biological samples for the diagnosis of AD, saliva and urine are useful potential biological samples. Moreover, both are noninvasive samples that give them priority to be used.
Yield of Whole, Polished Whole Grains and Degree of Whiteness of Rice for Japanese Cuisine Obtained in Flood Irrigation System
Authors: Pereira M. M. A. , Smiderle O. J. , Cordeiro A. C. C. , Medeiros R. D. , Souza L. T.
Published: August 2020

New rice cultivars with grains for Japanese cuisine have been launched in order to add value to irrigated rice production systems in the country. The objective was to evaluate the yield of polished and whole grains of cultivar BRS 358, at harvest and at six months of storage grown under a continuous irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in a lowland area, in Cantá-RR, with application of 150 kg ha-1 of N, 50% at the base and 50% at 45 days after emergence. Three harvest seasons were carried out: 38 days after flowering - DAF (A01), 45 DAF (A1) and 52 DAF (A2), to evaluate the yield of whole and polished whole grains, at harvest and at 6 months of storage. The results showed that application of N, promoted higher yield of whole grains, with 65% yield at harvest, and when stored for six months at room temperature, yield above 75%. For the polished whole grain yield, the best harvest range is 38-45 DAF, with whole grain yield above 50% and regardless of the harvesting and storage time of the grains the total whiteness is above 55%.
Serious safety events in rituximab‐treated multiple sclerosis and related disorders
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Wallach Asya I. , Corboy John R. , Dubovskaya Karolina , Alvarez Enrique , Kister Ilya
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Studies investigating rates and risk factors for serious safety events (SSEs) during rituximab treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and related disorders are limited.

Methods

Rituximab‐treated patients with MS, NMOSD, or related disorders at the Rocky Mountain and New York University MS Care Centers were included. The follow‐up period was defined as the time from the initial dose of rituximab up to 12 months of last dose of rituximab or ocrelizumab (in patients who switched). Clinician‐reported and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records.

Results

One‐thousand patients were included comprising 907 MS, 77 NMOSD, and 16 related disorders. Patients had a mean follow‐up of 31.1 months and a mean cumulative rituximab dose of 4012 mg. Of the 169 patients who switched to ocrelizumab, the mean ocrelizumab dose was 1141 mg. Crude incidence rate per 1000 person‐years (PY) for lymphopenia was 19.2, neutropenia 5.6, and hypogammaglobulinemia 17.8. Infections resulting in either hospitalization, IV antibiotics, or using antibiotics ≥14 days occurred at a rate of 38.6/1000 PY. Risk factors for infection were duration of therapy, male gender, increased disability, prior exposure to immunosuppression/chemotherapy, lymphopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Particularly, wheelchair‐bound patients had 8.56‐fold increased odds of infections. Crude incidence rates of malignant cancer were 3.5, new autoimmune disease 2.3, thromboembolic event 3.1, and mortality of 5.4 per 1000 PY.

Interpretation

Rates of SSEs in patients with MS, NMOSD, and related disorders were low. Through properly assessing risk:benefit of B‐cell depleting therapy in neuroinflammatory disorders and continual monitoring, clinicians may decrease the risk of serious infections.
Facile Macrocyclic Polyphenol Barrier Coatings for PDMS Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Reese Willie Mae , Burch Patrick , Korpusik Angie B. , Liu Stephanie E. , Loskill Peter , Messersmith Phillip B. , Healy Kevin E.
Published: August 2020

Soft lithography techniques using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are a cornerstone of microfluidic microdevices and emerging technologies such as microphysiological systems (MPS). Most of these systems employ hydrophobic small molecules during either stem cell differentiation, drug screening, or organoid development. However, due to PDMS's structure and hydrophobicity, lipophilic molecules are strongly absorbed creating unpredictable concentrations of mitogens, drugs, differentiation factors, and analytes, which is a major limitation in its use for biological applications. In this study, several catechol‐functionalized calix[4]arene based macrocyclic polyphenols (MPPs) are synthesized and coated on PDMS through a dip‐coating or flow through process. One molecule, MPP5cone, synthesized from catechol and resorcinol in its cone isomer form, increases the hydrophilicity of PDMS and drastically reduces the absorption of a number of hydrophobic drug surrogates, while preserving high oxygen permeability, good cell viability and function. However, simple rules of molecular absorption based on Log P are not observed, suggesting screening barrier coatings for PDMS with single probes is not sufficient. The coating procedure is easily translated to microfluidic devices by infusion through channels with a pump, and therefore should find use in applications where molecular absorption into PDMS is a significant problem.
The Use of Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly and Nanocellulose to Prepare Advanced Functional Materials
Authors: Wågberg Lars , Erlandsson Johan
Published: August 2020

The current knowledge about the formation of layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assemblies using combinations of nanocelluloses (NCs) and polyelectrolytes is reviewed. Herein, the fundamentals behind the LbL formation, with a major focus on NCs, are considered. Following this, a special description of the limiting factors for the formation of LbLs of only NCs, both anionic and cationic, and the combination of NCs and polyelectrolytes/nanoparticles is provided. The ability of the NCs and polyelectrolytes to form dense films with excellent mechanical properties and with tailored optical properties is then reviewed. How low‐density, wet stable networks of cellulose nanofibrils can be used as substrates for the preparation of antibacterial, electrically interactive, and fire‐retardant materials by forming well‐defined LbLs inside these networks is then considered. A short outlook of the possible uses of LbLs containing NCs is given to conclude.
A Versatile Capacity Balancer for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Lintong , Xue Lanlan , Fu Jinzhou , Xiao Ping , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: August 2020

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with high theoretical energy density have attracted extensive attention during the past years. However, the huge capacity gap between the two electrodes greatly limits high energy density. Regulating electrode mass can make the capacity balanced, while sacrificing weight and volume. Herein, a soluble bipolar molecule, 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (4‐OH‐TEMPO), is proposed as a versatile mediator in the electrolyte to balance the capacity gap in different types of ASCs. 4‐OH‐TEMPO is able to quickly obtain or lose electrons at different potentials regardless of the pH values, thus can contribute large redox capacity at the interface of capacitive electrode in ASCs in both positive or negative electrodes, acidic or alkaline systems. A case study of two typical ACSs is presented, Zn//activated carbon (AC) system with 4‐OH‐TEMPO for positive electrode enhancement in a mildly acidic electrolyte and AC//Ni(OH)2 system with 4‐OH‐TEMPO for negative electrode enhancement in an alkaline electrolyte. Both demonstrate that the addition of 4‐OH‐TEMPO can effectively balance the capacity mismatching between two electrodes, and its capacity contribution can be adjusted by concentration. The energy density of the two ACSs with 4‐OH‐TEMPO can be greatly promoted without significant sacrifice of the device's volume or mass.
Effects of the long‐term fertilization on pore and physicochemical characteristics of loess soil in Northwest China
Authors: Lan Zhilong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Jianguo , Yang Xueyun , Sial Tanveer Ali , Khan Muhammad Numan
Published: August 2020

Long‐term applications of inorganic and organic fertilizers have great effects on soil characteristics and crop yields. However, it is limited to quantify the influence of long‐term fertilization on soil micro‐pore structure. In this study, we investigated the effect of long‐term fertilizer application on soil pore characteristics using X‐ray computed tomography. Loess soil cores were collected from four 25‐yr fertilization treatments in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China, including no fertilization (CK), nitrogen alone (N), nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (NPK) and organic manure + chemical fertilizer NPK (OMNPK). The results indicated that, compared with other treatments, OMNPK treatment significantly increased winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, total porosity, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and decreased soil bulk density. Notably, there is greater soil pore connectivity (EuN, Euler number) and lower fractal dimension in OMNPK than other treatments. Pore size distribution showed a significant difference with different diameters in <50, 50–100, 100–1000, and >1000 μm. In contrast, pore shape distribution of soil core differed little among different treatments, while elongated shape pores were appropriately 99.5% at OMNPK with more frequency than other treatments. Co‐application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improved soil pore structure and soil physical‐chemical properties, which is beneficial for preventing soil degradation.
Effects of certified‐organic production on supplier failures and potential income effects of supplier failures on producers: Evidence from vegetable and macadamia producers in Kenya
Authors: Canwat Vincent , Oelofse Myles , Onakuse Stephen , de Neergaard Andreas
Published: August 2020

Organic agriculture uses contracts and networks to overcome its asset‐specificity problems and to ensure compliance with its standards and norms, including environmental conservation. This study analyzed the effects of certified‐organic production on supplier failures and the potential income effects of these failures on vegetable and macadamia producers in Kenya. Using survey data and propensity score matching, the study found that organic macadamia production reduces delivery failures because its asset specificity necessitates a dedicated transport system. It also found that organic vegetable production reduces quality failures because organic consumers are often less concerned about the physical quality of organic produce. However, despite these advantages, cases of supplier failures are still rampant among both organic and nonorganic producers of macadamia and vegetables. The potential income effects of these supplier failures, especially quantity and delivery failures in macadamia, raise concerns. These problems necessitate policy interventions, especially with respect to establishing and strengthening producer organizations, which are often very instrumental in overcoming quality, quantity, and delivery failures.
Selective Methanol‐to‐Formate Electrocatalytic Conversion on Branched Nickel Carbide
Authors: Li Junshan , Wei Ruilin , Wang Xiang , Zuo Yong , Han Xu , Arbiol Jordi , Llorca Jordi , Yang Yaoyue , Cabot Andreu , Cui Chunhua
Published: August 2020

A methanol economy will be favored by the availability of low‐cost catalysts able to selectively oxidize methanol to formate. This selective oxidation would allow extraction of the largest part of the fuel energy while concurrently producing a chemical with even higher commercial value than the fuel itself. Herein, we present a highly active methanol electrooxidation catalyst based on abundant elements and with an optimized structure to simultaneously maximize interaction with the electrolyte and mobility of charge carriers. In situ infrared spectroscopy combined with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that branched nickel carbide particles are the first catalyst determined to have nearly 100 % electrochemical conversion of methanol to formate without generating detectable CO2 as a byproduct. Electrochemical kinetics analysis revealed the optimized reaction conditions and the electrode delivered excellent activities. This work provides a straightforward and cost‐efficient way for the conversion of organic small molecules and the first direct evidence of a selective formate reaction pathway.
Singlet Heterofission in Tetracene–Pentacene Thin‐Film Blends
Authors: Zeiser Clemens , Moretti Luca , Lepple Daniel , Cerullo Giulio , Maiuri Margherita , Broch Katharina
Published: August 2020

Heterofission is a photophysical process of fundamental and applied interest whereby an excited singlet state is converted into two triplets on chemically distinct chromophores. The potential of this process lies in the tuning of both the optical band gap and the splitting between singlet and triplet energies. Herein, we report the time‐domain observation of heterofission in mixed thin films of the prototypical singlet fission chromophores pentacene and tetracene using excitation wavelengths above and below the tetracene band gap. We found a time constant of 26 ps for endothermic heterofission of a singlet exciton on pentacene in blends with low pentacene fractions, which was outcompeted by pentacene homofission for increasing pentacene concentrations. Direct excitation of tetracene lead to fast energy transfer to pentacene and subsequent singlet fission, which prevented homo‐ or heterofission of a singlet exciton on tetracene.
Reverse Thinking of the Aggregation‐Induced Emission Principle: Amplifying Molecular Motions to Boost Photothermal Efficiency of Nanofibers**
Authors: Li Haoxuan , Wen Haifei , Zhang Zhijun , Song Nan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2020

Using reverse thinking of the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) principle, we demonstrate an ingenious and universal protocol for amplifying molecular motions to boost photothermal efficiency of fibers. Core–shell nanofibers having the olive oil solution of AIE‐active molecules as the core surrounded by PVDF‐HFP shell were constructed by coaxial electrospinning. The molecularly dissolved state of AIE‐active molecules allows them to freely rotate and/or vibrate in nanofibers upon photoexcitation and thus significantly elevates the proportion of non‐radiative energy dissipation, affording impressive heat‐generating efficiency. Photothermal evaluation shows that the core–shell nanofibers with excellent durability can reach up to 22.36 % of photothermal conversion efficiency, which is 26‐fold as the non‐core–shell counterpart. Such a core–shell fiber can be used for photothermal textiles and solar steam generation induced by natural sunlight with green and carbon‐zero emission.
Environmentally Sensitive Color‐Shifting Fluorophores for Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Lu , Hiblot Julien , Popp Christoph , Xue Lin , Johnsson Kai
Published: August 2020

We introduce color‐shifting fluorophores that reversibly switch between a green and red fluorescent form through intramolecular spirocyclization. The equilibrium of the spirocyclization is environmentally sensitive and can be directly measured by determining the ratio of red to green fluorescence, thereby enabling the generation of ratiometric fluorescent probes and biosensors. Specifically, we developed a ratiometric biosensor for imaging calcium ions (Ca2+) in living cells, ratiometric probes for different proteins, and a bioassay for the quantification of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
Adaptive Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Amorphous CoFe Oxide @ 2D Black Phosphorus for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Xingyun , Xiao Liangping , Zhou Ling , Xu Qingchi , Weng Jian , Xu Jun , Liu Bin
Published: August 2020

Water electrolysis offers a promising green technology to tackle the global energy and environmental crisis, but its efficiency is greatly limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics of both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, by growing amorphous multi‐transition‐metal (cobalt and iron) oxide on two‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP), we develop a bifunctional electrocatalyst (CoFeO@BP), which is able to efficiently catalyze both HER and OER. The overpotentials for the hybrid CoFeO@BP catalyst to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH are 88 and 266 mV for HER and OER, respectively. Based on a series of ex‐situ and in situ investigations, the excellent catalytic performance of CoFeO@BP is found to result from the adaptive surface structure under reduction and oxidation potentials. CoFeO@BP can be transformed to CoFe phosphide under reduction potential, in situ generating the real active catalyst for HER.
Removing Formaldehyde‐Induced Peptidyl Crosslinks Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Peptide Hormone Distributions from Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Lee Dong‐Kyu , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Kusmartseva Irina , Wasserfall Clive , Atkinson Mark A. , Sweedler Jonathan V.
Published: August 2020

Linking molecular and chemical changes to human disease states depends on the availability of appropriate clinical samples, mostly preserved as formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) specimens stored in tissue banks. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of molecules in biological samples. However, MSI is not effective for imaging FFPE tissues because of the chemical modifications of analytes, including complex crosslinking between nucleophilic moieties. Here we used an MS‐compatible inorganic nucleophile, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, to chemically reverse inter‐ and intra‐crosslinks from endogenous molecules. The analyte restoration appears specific for formaldehyde‐reactive amino acids. This approach enabled the MSI‐assisted localization of pancreatic peptides expressed in the alpha, beta, and gamma cells. Pancreatic islet‐like distributions of islet hormones were observed in human FFPE tissues preserved for more than five years, demonstrating that samples from biobanks can effectively be investigated with MSI.
Spin Ice‐like Magnetic Relaxation of a Two‐dimensional Network based on Manganese(III) Salen‐type Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Kachi‐Terajima Chihiro , Eiba Tasuku , Ishii Rikako , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Kodama Yuta , Saito Toshiaki
Published: August 2020

Spin ice is an exotic type of magnetism displayed by bulk rare‐earth pyrochlore oxides. We discovered a spin ice‐like magnetic relaxation of [{Mn(saltmen)}4{Mn(CN)6}](ClO4)⋅13 H2O (saltmen2−=N,N′‐(1,1,2,2‐tetramethylethylene)bis(salicylideneiminate)). This magnetic system can be considered as a two‐dimensional network of MnIII salen‐type single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) in which each SMM unit (ST=4) has two orthogonally oriented axial anisotropies and is connected ferromagnetically through the [Mn(CN)6]3− unit (S=1). This work illustrates that a two‐dimensional SMM network with competition between the ferromagnetic interaction and local noncollinear magnetic anisotropies on SMMs is a new type of magnetic system exhibiting slow relaxation of magnetization with a Davidson‐Cole‐type broad distribution of the relaxation time.
Quantitative Chirality and Concentration Sensing of Alcohols, Diols, Hydroxy Acids, Amines and Amino Alcohols using Chlorophosphite Sensors in a Relay Assay
Authors: Thanzeel F. Yushra , Balaraman Kaluvu , Wolf Christian
Published: August 2020

Analytical methods that allow simultaneous determination of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of small sample amounts and are also compatible with high‐throughput multi‐well plate technology have received increasing attention in recent years. We now introduce a new class of broadly useful small‐molecule probes and a relay sensing strategy that together accomplish these tasks with five classes of compounds including the challenging group of mono‐alcohols—a scope that stands out among previously reported UV, fluorescence, and CD assays. Several chlorophosphite probes and aniline indicators have been evaluated and used for on‐the‐fly CD/UV sensing following a continuous workflow. The wide application range of the readily available sensors is highlighted with almost 30 alcohols, diols, hydroxy acids, amines and amino alcohols, and the accuracy of the stereochemical analysis is showcased with samples covering a wide range of concentrations and enantiomeric ratios.
Elucidating Zeolite Channel Geometry–Reaction Intermediate Relationships for the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbon Process
Authors: Fu Donglong , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Lian Cheng , van der Heijden Onno , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: August 2020

The chemical industry has exploited zeolite shape selectivity for more than 50 years, yet our fundamental understanding remains incomplete. Herein, the zeolite channel geometry–reactive intermediate relationships are studied in detail using anisotropic zeolite ZSM‐5 crystals for the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) process, and advanced magic‐angle spinning solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The utilization of anisotropic ZSM‐5 crystals enabled the preferential formation of reaction intermediates in single‐orientation zeolite channels, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and in situ UV/Vis diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy. The ssNMR results show that the slightly more constrained sinusoidal zeolite channels favor the olefin cycle by promoting the homologation of alkanes, whereas the more extended straight zeolite channels facilitate the aromatic cycle with a higher degree of alkylation of aromatics. Dynamic nuclear polarization experiments further indicate the preferential formation of heavy aromatics at the zeolite surface dominated by the sinusoidal channels, providing further insight into catalyst deactivation.
Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Xia , Yang Bin , Li Hai‐Fang , Zhang Yan , Yang Yuan , Liu Qing‐Yu , Xu Hong‐Guang , Zheng Wei‐Jun , He Sheng‐Gui
Published: August 2020

Photoassisted steam reforming and dry (CO2) reforming of methane (SRM and DRM) at room temperature with high syngas selectivity have been achieved in the gas‐phase catalysis for the first time. The catalysts used are bimetallic rhodium–vanadium oxide cluster anions of Rh2VO1–3−. Both the oxidation of methane and reduction of H2O/CO2 can take place efficiently in the dark while the pivotal step to govern syngas selectivity is photo‐excitation of the reaction intermediates Rh2VO2,3CH2− to specific electronically excited states that can selectively produce CO and H2. Electronic excitation over Rh2VO2,3CH2− to control the syngas selectivity is further confirmed from the comparison with the thermal excitation of Rh2VO2,3CH2−, which leads to diversity of products. The atomic‐level mechanism obtained from the well‐controlled cluster reactions provides insight into the process of selective syngas production from the photocatalytic SRM and DRM reactions over supported metal oxide catalysts.
Stem cell therapy for COVID‐19: Possibilities and challenges
Authors: Choudhery Mahmood S. , Harris David T.
Published: August 2020

Since its eruption in China, novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been reported in most of the countries and territories (>200) of the world with ∼18 million confirmed cases (as of August 3, 2020). In most of the countries, COVID‐19 upsurge is uncontrolled with a significant mortality rate. Currently, no treatment effective for COVID‐19 is available in the form of vaccines or antiviral drugs and patients are currently treated symptomatically. Although the majority of the patients develop mild symptoms and recover without mechanical ventilation for respiratory management, severe respiratory illness develops in a significant portion of affected patients and may result in death. While the scientific community is working to develop vaccines and drugs against the COVID‐19 pandemic, novel alternative therapies may reduce the mortality rate. Recent use of stem cells for critically ill COVID‐19 patients in a small group of patients in China and subsequent Emergency Use Authorization of stem cells by Food and Drug Administration to Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research and Athersys has created excitement among the medical community. As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for COVID‐19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage, and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. In this brief review, the possibilities of stem cell use in COVID‐19 patients and relevant challenges in their use have been discussed.
Bimetallic Rod‐Packing Metal–Organic Framework Combining Two Charged Forms of 2‐Hydroxyterephthalic Acid
Authors: Peng Fang , Yang Huajun , Hernandez Anthony , Schier Danielle E. , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui
Published: August 2020

Although many rod‐packing metal‐organic frameworks are known, few are based on ordered heterometallic rod building unit. We show here the synthesis of CPM‐76 based on an unprecedented Zn‐Mg bimetallic rod with crystallographically distinguishable metal sites. The configuration of the rod offers two types of coordination site with trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral sites selectively occupied by Zn and Mg, respectively. Also unusual is the inter‐connection mode between the rods, which is based on dual‐charged forms (−3 and −2) of the 2‐hydroxyterephthalic acid (H3OBDC) ligand. Interestingly, each metal site in CPM‐76 binds one solvent molecule, leading to a high density of solvent binding sites.