bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hand motion strength forecasting using Extreme Learning Machine for post-stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Anam Khairul , Chaidir Ali Rizal , Isman Fahrul
Published: May 2021

Stroke or Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) can cause weakness in one side of the body, including the upper limbs such as the hand. Rehabilitation is needed to restore the function of the hand. Rehabilitation should also measure the strength of the movements carried out. This article aims to forecast the strength of movement based on Electromyography (EMG) signals using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). This study collected EMG signal data and movement strength, carried out data pre-processing and data extraction using various extraction features, applied ELM for forecasting strength based on EMG signals, and applied created models in stroke therapy robots. The forecasting model is evaluated by measuring the Mean Squared Error (MSE). The average value of the best MSE in offline testing is 1.77, while the real-time testing is 0.79. A small MSE value indicates that the model is good enough. The resulted value of strength can be applied to make the stroke therapy robots actuating properly.
Decision-theoretic foundations for statistical causality
Authors: Dawid Philip
Published: May 2021

We develop a mathematical and interpretative foundation for the enterprise of decision-theoretic (DT) statistical causality, which is a straightforward way of representing and addressing causal questions. DT reframes causal inference as “assisted decision-making” and aims to understand when, and how, I can make use of external data, typically observational, to help me solve a decision problem by taking advantage of assumed relationships between the data and my problem. The relationships embodied in any representation of a causal problem require deeper justification, which is necessarily context-dependent. Here we clarify the considerations needed to support applications of the DT methodology. Exchangeability considerations are used to structure the required relationships, and a distinction drawn between intention to treat and intervention to treat forms the basis for the enabling condition of “ignorability.” We also show how the DT perspective unifies and sheds light on other popular formalisations of statistical causality, including potential responses and directed acyclic graphs.
A review on allotropes of carbon and natural filler-reinforced thermomechanical properties of upgraded epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Gouda Krushna , Bhowmik Sumit , Das Biplab
Published: May 2021

The scarcity of nonrenewable resource motivated inclination towards the environmental-friendly novel materials and development of waste natural filler-based hybrid composite is encouraged to fulfill the material demand. Epoxy resins-based composites are high-performing thermosetting polymers and have outstanding blending properties, good machinability, and low cost. Due to these advantages, thermoset plastic is largely used in a broad range of engineering applications; however, thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy are low. Thus, to enhance the thermomechanical properties of epoxy, it is interfaced materials such as graphite, graphene nanoplatelet, boron, carbon fiber, aluminium, silver, etc. Among various substances, graphene has been deliberated as an acceptable novel filler because of its exceptional properties. In addition to inorganic filler inclusion, natural filler/fiber like hemp, sisal, flax, bamboo, jute, etc. can be utilized in a higher percentage as biodegradable material. The present article assisted to improve thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy. This work identifies and addresses (i) processes used for graphene modification; (ii) treatment utilized for enhancing the binding properties of natural filler; (iii) various natural filler extraction process employed; (iv) neat epoxy modification; and (v) influence of different dimensions of fillers.
High-temperature tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films: A review
Authors: Zeng Qunfeng , Ning Zekun
Published: May 2021

The rapid development of aerospace industry has made more and more machinery parts of equipment working at high temperature. Due to the lubrication failure of lubricating oil and grease at high temperature, solid lubricant coatings are almost the only effective method to achieve super low friction at high temperature. In recent years, the tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been extensively studied at high temperature. The present study reviews the microstructure of DLC films and the influence of doping different elements on the structure of DLC films. Second, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of pure DLC films and DLC doped with different elements are also described. DLC films have different microstructures and tribological properties by different preparation methods. Finally, the high-temperature lubrication failure mechanism of DLC films and the tribological properties of DLC films when doped with different elements are discussed from the macro and micro perspectives.
Oral Contraceptive Use Impairs Muscle Gains in Young Women
Authors: Riechman Steven E. , Lee Chang Woock
Published: May 2021

Riechman, SE and Lee, CW. Oral contraceptive use impairs muscle gains in young women. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3074–3080, 2022—Many active young women use oral contraceptives (OCs), yet their effects on the body composition and exercise performance have not been thoroughly studied. We examined the effects of OCs on muscle responses to a standardized resistance exercise training (RET) program. Two groups of young healthy women (18–29 years old, non-OC: n = 38, OC: n = 34) underwent 10 weeks of whole-body RET (3 days·wk−1, 3 sets, 6–10 repetitions, at 75% of maximum strength, 13 exercises). Body composition was determined using hydrostatic weighing, and blood samples were taken before and after training to measure dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), IGF-1, and cortisol levels. There were significant differences in lean mass gains between the groups (non-OC: 3.5 ± 0.4% vs. OC: 2.1 ± 0.5% and non-OC: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg vs. OC: 1.0 ± 0.2 kg, p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, and IGF-1 were significantly lower, and cortisol levels were higher in the OC group before and after training (p < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in lean mass gains depending on the androgenicity of progestin between the non-OC and medium-high groups (non-OC: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg, Low = 1.1 ± 0.2 kg, med-high = 0.3 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.05). Oral contraceptive use impaired lean mass gains in young women after RET and was associated with lower DHEA, DHEAS, and IGF-1 and higher cortisol. The diminished lean mass gain may be related to the effect of OCs on anabolic and catabolic hormone levels or the androgenicity of progestin that may bind to androgen receptors and inhibit its function.
Strength and Conditioning for the Roller Derby Athlete
Authors: Parten Alyssa L. , Herron Robert L.
Published: May 2021

Roller derby's popularity has surged in recent decades. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first strength and conditioning publication to address roller derby. This article outlines an overview of the sport, discusses sport-specific strength and conditioning considerations, and is intended to educate coaches and athletes on the needs of this athletic population. The sport evolved to its current competitive format in 2001 with rules to prevent the theatrics of previous years. The article will present a needs analysis, review current research on relevant-injury prevalence, and outline practical strength and conditioning considerations to enhance performance, reduce injury risk, and increase longevity for roller derby athletes. Finally, the article highlights the need for more sport-specific scientific research to advance roller derby and support its athletes.
An Agility Training Continuum for Team Sports: From Cones and Ladders to Small-Sided Games
Authors: Mota Tomás , Afonso José , Sá Mário , Clemente Filipe M.
Published: May 2021

Agility is a key and complex concept within team sports performance. Because of its multidimensional nature, agility benefits from perceptual and cognitive skills as well as physical capacity (e.g., ability to exert acceleration, deceleration, and changes of direction). Agility should be integrated in different and complementary ways in team sports training. From more analytical to more ecological tasks, there is a need to comprehend the respective adaptations and identify how to integrate such a spectrum and, eventually, combine them in the training process and manage it accordingly to the player's needs. Based on this premise, the purpose of this article is to present alternative methods and recommendations that may help to develop agility in field-based invasion sports. The main concepts pertaining to agility and associated capacities will be explored. Afterward, a proposal for a more analytical approach based on the use of cones and ladders will be introduced, as well as approaches based on small-sided games. Finally, an integration of agility training and a combination of approaches will be presented using soccer as an example.
Research on the Development Features of the Shengquan Minefield Fault Structure in Shandong Province
Authors: Peihe Zhai  , Yuxiang Liu  , Wenlin Chang
Published: May 2021

In order to figure out the complexity of Shengquan Minefield fault structure, the required sample data was reorganized and collected in accordance with the field measurement data and the geological information of the 15th coal layer of the minefield. Firstly, according to the exposure condition of the drilling hole, the rose diagram of the fault direction was drawn after specifically collecting the nature, direction, and height gap and realize the visualization of the fault field measurement data, so the complexity of sectional structure can be initially analyzed. Secondly, the similarity dimension model was built through the box-type covering method in order to count the grid number of the fault trace under each sideline, and then the result was applied to the logarithmic coordinate system. By using the least square method, the slope of the bridging curve and, moreover, the fractal dimension value were achieved. Finally, Sufer was applied to draw the contour map of the fractal dimension value. The research result indicates that, through a series of quantitative analyses, this field can be divided into a simple tectonic area, mid-complex tectonic area, and complex tectonic area.
An analysis of the cognitive patterns of the eighth-grade students about the treaties that ended the Ottoman Empire through the WAT
Authors: YAZICI Sibel , KULACA Ilhan , ERTÜRK Abdurrahman
Published: May 2021

The course History of Revolution and Kemalism is significant in understanding the conditions when the Republic of Turkey was established. This study has attempted to reveal the cognitive patterns of the eighth-grade students concerning the Armistice of Mudros and the Treaty of Sèvres which ended the Ottoman State. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The participants were selected using the criterion sampling technique. They were 116 eighth-grade students. The data were collected through the word association test (WAT). Additionally, the participants were also asked to write a statement about their perceptions of these two treaties. The data obtained were examined using content analysis. The findings from the WAT indicate that the students produced the statements about the Armistice of Mudros of which 85% are valid. It is 76% for the Treaty of Sèvres. Therefore, it can be stated that the participants have much more active perceptions about the Armistice of Mudros in contrast to the Treaty of Sèvres. The WAT data also reveal that the participants have a common cognitive understanding about these treaties which are categorized into five groups: the situation following the treaties, the reasons for the treaties, reactions in regard to these treaties, psychological situations about them, and a group of entities in regard to the treaties such as space, time, figures and countries involved. The analysis of the key terms produced by the participants indicates that 70% of them are scientific terms, 26% of them superficial terms, and 4% misconceptions. Therefore, it is possible to state that the students who participated in the study have a sufficient cognitive understanding of these two treaties. The study is one of the attempts to reveal the cognitive understanding of the students about historical events in social studies courses.
Secondary school students' views on the national struggle period
Authors: AKHAN Osman
Published: May 2021

Effectively teaching the subjects of the National Struggle is very significant in the students gaining awareness of citizenship and forming their national identity. Thanks to this subject, it is aimed to educate students as effective citizens who know their duties and responsibilities towards the Republic of Turkey and make these as their behavior. In this direction, the aim of the research is to reveal the views of secondary school students about the National Struggle period. The study group of this research in which the qualitative research method is used, consists of a total of 70 students, 32 of whom are women and 38 of whom are men, who are studying in different secondary schools (Vocational High School, Anatolian High School, Imam Hatip High School) of Ministry of National Education in Antalya province in the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. An easily accessible sampling method was used in the research. This sampling method was chosen because the research was conducted during the epidemic period (considering that face-to-face interviews were not possible and online interview opportunities were limited for students). The research data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of 6 open-ended questions created by the researcher. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by descriptive analysis. When the results of the research are evaluated in general, it can be said that the students in the study group said the National Struggle period was one of the periods they wanted to live in among the historical periods, they looked positively towards living in the National Struggle period, as the people they wanted to be in this period, they said the names of those who directed the National Struggle, and they expressed more of good events for the period and they had positive opinions about the importance of the National Struggle period.
In vitro transcription of crRNA and tracrRNA from DNA oligos for cas9 enrichment and nanopore sequencing (for Bac - PULCE) v2
Authors: Silander Olin
Published: May 2021

In this protocol we describe the steps for the design and production of dual guide RNAs (dgRNAs) from DNA oligos for the enrichment of specific sequences from mixed samples. These enriched molecules can then be sequenced using long read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. The method as outlined and applied here is termed Bac-PULCE (Bacterial strain and antimicrobial resistance Profiling Using Long reads via CRISPR Enrichment) but can be applied to enrich specific DNA molecules from any samples for downstream ONT sequencing. For CRISPR-cas9 protocols including Bac-PULCE, we use T7 polymerase to transcribe the crRNA and tracrRNA to make dgRNA for Cas9. The two components of the dual guides are the crRNA (containing your variable 20 bp target plus a 22 bp constant region) and the tracrRNA (a 72 bp constant region). The protocol outlined here is a combination of the two protocols below: https://www.protocols.io/view/in-vitro-transcription-for-dgrna-3bpgimn /dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.3bpgimn https://international.neb.com/protocols/2013/04/02/standard-rna-synthesis-e2050 And the end product of this protocol is used for Nanopore protocol Cas9-mediated PCR-free enrichment as outlined by Oxford Nanopore - please refer to this protocol in particular for further important detail around sequencing the DNA library. The aim of this protocol is to design and produce crRNAs and tracRNAs from DNA oligos, and combine these with Cas9 to cut specific DNA sequences. We will add a T7 RNA polymerase binding site at the 5’ end of the crRNA and tracRNA to allow in vitro transcription, as well as a 3’ tracrRNA binding site to the crRNA. To allow crRNA and tracRNA production from DNA oligos, we order our DNA oligos of the reverse complement (see below for more details).
Two-Component Model of Microalgae Growth in the Turbidostat
Authors: Lelekov A.S. , Trenkenshu R.P.
Published: May 2021

The paper focuses on the study of light influence mechanisms on microalgae culture growth in the turbidostat. The method of turbidostat culture provides the same light conditions for all cells, stabilization of their biochemical composition, as well as the constancy of all physicochemical factors of the environment. The main approaches and principles of modeling the microalgae culture growth are presented. Modern models are shown to be based on classical concepts of considering cell biomass as the sum of two or more compounds. The use of two-component models for microalgae is due to both photochemical and enzymatic processes of biosynthesis of cell structures from mineral substances due to the energy of high-potential forms of macroergs. The proposed mathematical model is represented by a system of two differential equations describing the synthesis of reserve biomass compounds at the expense of light and biosynthesis of structural components from reserve ones. The model takes into account that a part of the reserve compounds is spent on replenishing the pool of macroergs, and a part of the structural component can be converted into a reserve one. The rates of synthesis of structural and reserve forms of biomass are given by linear splines and expressed in terms of the reduced fluxes of the energy or plastic substrate. The model was verified on the experimental data of the chlorophyllostat culture Tetraselmis viridis. It is shown that the light curve of T. viridis is characterized by a double change in the limiting factor and can be divided into a region of metabolic, light limiting and a region of saturation. A decrease in the specific growth rate is related to a decrease in the efficiency of light energy conversion.
Modifying the Models of Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes by Ryanodine Release
Authors: Fritsler Y. , Bartsev S. , Belozor O. , Shuvaev Ant. , Shuvaev And.
Published: May 2021

The influence of ryanodine channels on the cytosole Ca2+ dynamics was studied. We added the equations for ryanodine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels into the original De Pitta et al. model of Ca2+. The derived model was shown to have significantly wider range of predictions: we derived the frequency of cytosole calcium spontaneous oscillations (which are absent in the original De Pitta et al. model) for various existing models of Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes. Particularly, the initial De Pitta et al. results can be converted to either Lavrentovich and Hemkin model or in the Dupont et al model predictions. The absence of the Ca2+ oscillations in astrocytes with the active ryanodine channels only was recently reported. This behaviour can be achieved in our model predictions for the certain values of parameters, which are supposedly responsible for the bifurcation landscape between the oscillatory and non-oscillatory dynamics of cytosol Ca2+ in astrocytes. We also investigated the interplay between the spontaneous and glutamate-triggered oscillations.
The Mental Element of The Crime of Fault in The Performance of The Official Jobs: Article (341) of The Iraqi Law
Authors: Et. al. Wajdi Sabah Mahmood,
Published: May 2021

Faulty execution of official duties is regarded as one of the main offences that endangers elected authorities, a well-ordered public regulation, and utility that causes harm to public property and public interests. Since it is done by an individual who is performing an official work, this offence is committed by one of the workers violating the boundaries of their employment. This is enshrined in Iraqi penalty Law No. 111 of 1969 in article 341 and is deemed one of the financial and administrative corruption offences stipulated in the honesty Commission Act No. 30 of 2011 due to its extreme and significant danger and leaving traces and impacts. The consequences of this major crime and its effect on the state and community is expressed in the legal, democratic, administrative, fiscal, and social structures of the state. It is described as accidental offenses committed without criminal purpose. In this form of crime, neither initiating nor participating is possible, but both of the perpetrators are simple owners. In certain ways, this offence is analogous to the crime of willful injury to public property and interests, in addition to all other general criteria for any crime.
Comparison of Classification Methods used in Machine Learning for Dysgraphia Identification
Authors: Et. al. Sarthika Dutt,
Published: May 2021

Dysgraphia is a disorder that affects writing skills. Dysgraphia Identification at an early age of a child's development is a difficult task.  It can be identified using problematic skills associated with Dysgraphia difficulty. In this study motor ability, space knowledge, copying skill, Visual Spatial Response are some of the features included for Dysgraphia identification. The features that affect Dysgraphia disability are analyzed using a feature selection technique EN (Elastic Net). The significant features are classified using machine learning techniques. The classification models compared are KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors), Naïve Bayes, Decision tree, Random Forest, SVM (Support Vector Machine) on the Dysgraphia dataset. Results indicate the highest performance of the Random forest classification model for Dysgraphia identification.
Sarcasm Detection From Twitter Database Using Text Mining Algorithms
Authors: Et. al. Tamanna Siddiqui,
Published: May 2021

Sarcasm is well-defined as a cutting, frequently sarcastic remark intended to fast ridicule or dislike. Irony detection is the assignment of fittingly labeling the text as’ Sarcasm’ or ’non- Sarcasm.’ There is a challenging task owing to the deficiency of facial expressions and intonation in the text. Social media and micro-blogging websites are extensively explored for getting the information to extract the opinion of the target because a huge of text data existence is put out into the open field into social media like Twitter. Such large, openly available text data could be utilized for a variety of researches. Here we applied text data set for classifying Sarcasm and experiments have been made from the textual data extracted from the Twitter data set. Text data set downloaded from Kaggle, including 1984 tweets that collected from Twitter. These data already have labels here. In this paper, we apply these data to train our model Classifiers for different algorithms to see the ability of model machine learning to recognize sarcasm and non-sarcasm through a set of the process start by text pre-processing feature extraction (TF-IDF) and apply different classification algorithms, such as Decision Tree classifier, Multinomial Naïve Bayes Classifier, Support vector machines, and Logistic Regression classifier. Then tuning a model fitting the best results, we get in (TF-IDF) we achieve 0.94% in Multinomial NB, Decision Tree Classifier we achieve 0.93%, Logistic Regression we achieve 0.97%, and Support vector machines (SVM) we achieve 0.42%. All these result models were improved, except the SVM model has the lowest accuracy. The results were extracted, and the evaluation of the results has been proved above to be good in accuracy for identifying sarcastic impressions of people.
Networked Microgrids for Reliable Load Sharing in Remote locations of Armed Force
Authors: Et. al. CPS Pasricha,
Published: May 2021

Forward operating bases of the Armed Forces are located in remote areas where grid connection is normally not available and if available are vulnerable to outages due to vagaries of weather or action by adversary. Microgrids are generally more efficient and may provide electric power storage for emergency supply of electricity to mission critical equipment like surveillance systems, sensors, communication, command and control systems of such forward bases. Several small independent microgrids can also be interconnected together to satisfy the energy requirements of the remote military areas. Networking of several self-supervised microgrids is being developed with the aim to enhance efficiency, reliability and resiliency as well as the steadiness of power systems. In this work, an interconnection of microgrids at three remote bases of the armed forces is presented and simulated. The proposed power co-ordination strategy is designed in such a way that during peace time operation it tries to minimize the overall requirement of fossil fuel for generators supplying the critical loads and in case of outages, it can tackle the emergency situation by automatically routing the power to critical loads from other operational bases. The entire system has been simulated and verified using MATLAB 2018.
Secure Data Sharing In Agriculture Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Et. al. Anantraj I,
Published: May 2021

The utilization of information and data turns out to be progressively urgent for the farming area to improve profitability and manageability. Data and Communication Technology (ICT) significantly builds the viability and effectiveness of gathering, putting away, investigating and utilizing information in agribusiness. It permits agrarian experts and cultivating networks to handily acquire update-to-date data and accordingly settle on better choices in their every day cultivating. The proposed blockchain based horticulture web application assist ranchers with guaranteeing more prominent benefit through direct rancher to client correspondence. This application chips away at the premise of blockchain innovation, to stay away from the change information during transmission. This assistance helps business correspondence and acquires straightforwardness the framework. The horticultural data framework gives its clients to get data about, cultivating items and so forth Squares of time-stepped item subtleties are put away on all frameworks across a worth chain. The blockchain innovation can comply with the provenance of meals and alongside those traces makes dependable horticulture item deliver chains and assemble believe amongst ranchers and shoppers. As a confided in approach of setting away records, it really works with the usage of records pushed improvements to make cultivating extra intelligent
Minimizing Total Cost For Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger Using Abc, Auction, Ant Lion, Elephant, Spiral, Bacterial, Greedy, Lawlers Fireworks And Pattern Search
Authors: Et. al. T. Jagan,
Published: May 2021

The heat exchanger device usedto transferheat betweenmore than two fluids. The heat exchanger device is used in various industries. This paper captures that optimization of entire annual operating cost. Thus an effort has been made to get a group of optimum dimension of the heat exchanger subjectto given inlet and outlet conditions.Then all the parameters are collected from related industries.The elapsed time and cost to complete the problems are all compared using ABC algorithm, Auction, Spiral,Ant lion, Elephant herding, Bacterial colony, Greedy, Lawler's, Fireworks and Patterns search for these ten non-traditional methods.In this paper, we have compared the solution to minimize the total cost of shell and tube heat exchanger using ten artificial optimization method. We conclude which method gives a better solution for shell and tube heat exchanger.
Automated image classification for heritage photographs using Transfer Learning of Computer Vision in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Et. al. Viratkumar K. Kothari,
Published: May 2021

There is substantial archival data available in different forms, including manuscripts, printed papers, photographs, videos, audios, artefacts, sculptures, building, and others. Media content like photographs, audios, and videos are crucial content because such content conveys information well. The digital version of such media data is essential as it can be shared easily, available in the online or offline platform, easy to copy, easy to transport, easy to back up and easy to keep multiple copies at different places. The limitation of the digital version of media data is the lack of searchability as it hardly has any text that can be processed for OCR. These important data cannot be analysed and, therefore, cannot be used in a meaningful way. To make this data meaningful, one has to manually identify people in the images and tag them to create metadata. Most of the photographs were possible to search based on very basic metadata. This data, when hosted on the web platform, searching media data is becoming a challenge due to its data formats. Improvement in existing search functionality is required to improve the searchability of the photographs in terms of ease of usage, quick retrieval and efficiency. The recent revolution in machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence offers a variety of facilities to process media data and identify meaningful information out of it. This research paper explains the methods to process digital photographs to classify people in the given photographs, tag them and saves that information in the metadata. We will tune various hyperparameter to improve their accuracy. Machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence offers several benefits, including auto-identification of people, auto-tagging them, provide insights and finally, the most important part is it improves the searchability of photographs drastically.

It was envisaged that about 85% of the manual tagging activity might be reduced and improves the searchability of photographs by 90%.
Joint Pricing and Inventory Policies for Perishable Items with Price Discount based on Freshness Index
Authors: Et. al. Hardik N. Soni,
Published: May 2021

It is generally observed that the products losses its freshness with the course of time that stimulates depression in demand of the product. In these circumstances, price discounts are necessary to raise the market. This is why, when the product's the index of freshness reaches a certain level, we created an inventory model wherein price reductions are provided at a sale price. The main goal is to figure out what the best selling price and cycle time are in order to maximise profit. The meaning and uniqueness of an ideal model solution are incorporated into the circumstances. The next move is to use a simple algorithm to find an optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example is presented, followed by a sensitivity analysis.
Investigation of Morphological Characteristics of Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: KİREÇCİ Ekrem
Published: May 2021

Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) are obligate, permanent ectoparasites of humans, entirely dependent upon their vertebrate hosts for survival. Pubic lice have a very simplified body form as a result of their parasitic characteristics, being wingless and dorsoventrally flattened. In the study, the pubic lice taken from a male patient were examined morphologically in detail and their taxonomic characteristics were presented. The lice specimens were examined for morphological and taxonomic characteristics under a light microscope. The identification of the Pthirus pubis species was made by determining the height, anatomical body parts, dorsal and ventral morphological details of the adult male and female two pubic lice. Examined adult pubic lice were light cream-colored, 1-2 mm in length, and their anatomical structures included three pairs of legs, two prominent antennae, and parts of the thorax and abdomen in a combined structure. Pthirus pubis causes pediculosis pubis disease in humans. The disease can be sexually transmitted to humans. Pthirus pubis is spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. Pubic louse is a major public health problem that can be contagious among humans, and it has great importance to know their morphological characters to diagnose this ectoparasite and distinguish it from other insects.
TUNCELİ İLİNDE ALEVİ İNANÇ TURİZMİ ROTALARI
Authors: Ayhan Gulsen , Çağlıyan Ayşe
Published: May 2021

Turizm türlerinden olan inanç turizmi, kutsal sayılan mekânların insanlar tarafından ziyaretleri ve bu ziyaretlerden sağlanan sosyo-ekonomik kazanç olarak ifade edilmektedir. Tunceli’de, Alevilik kültürünün etkisi ile çok sayıda türbeler, ocaklar ve farklı ziyaret mekânları bulunmaktadır. Alevi kültürünün kendine özgü bu ziyaret mekanları ile Tunceli önemli inanç turizmi potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu ziyaret yerleri gerek yurt içi gerekse yurt dışından birçok ziyaretçiyi kendine çekmektedir. Bu amaçla Alevilik kültürüne özgü turizm potansiyeli olan bu mekanlar; arazi gözlemleri ve turizm acente rehberlerinden alınan bilgiler doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Arazi çalışmasında ziyaret yerlerinde görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve mekanlar fotoğraflanmıştır. Sayıca çok fazla olan bu ziyaret mekanlarından inanç turizmi potansiyeli oluşturan 22 mekan tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki süreçte inanç turizm potansiyeli olan ziyaret yerleri, durak noktaları olarak belirlenmiş ve rota planlaması yapılmıştır. Rota planlamasında il merkezi başlangıç kabul edilmiş, beş rota kurgusu yapılmıştır ve inanç turizmi koridoru ortaya konulmuştur. Ele alınan konunun litreratürde değinilmemesi önemli bir motivasyon oluşturmakla birlikte inanç turizmine yönelik potansiyel olan noktaların tespiti ve bunların durak noktası olarak belirlenip rota planlamasının yapılması yerel ekonomi için önemli fırsatlar oluşturacaktır.
A New Promising Strategy in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2021

This article has no abstract.
Investigating the Depression Status in Patients with Upper Limb Pain
Authors: Khosravifar Shahrzad , Mahmoudi Mani , Khosravifar Shaghayegh , Jafarpour Hamed , Abounoori Mahdi , Maddah Mohammadmoein
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Depression is considered as the most common psychological problem in societies. Depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse are more common in patients with pain compared to the general population. In this study, the state of depression in patients with upper limb pain with radiculopathy or without paraclinical signs of radiculopathy has been investigated. Material and Methods: We conducted the depression status in patients with upper limb pain with and without radiculopathy in a descriptive cross-sectional study in Sari in 2017. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), short-form McGill pain questionnaire was used to evaluate the status of major depressive disorder, health status and quality of life, and severity of pain in them, respectively. The data was analyzed by SPSS 22.   Results: From 120 patients with the mean age 44.97±9.77 years, 19% had mild depression, 18% moderate depression and 11% severe depression. The mean score of SF36 was 29.94±6.86. The mean scores of McGill pain scale was 13.31±6.02. The mean depression score had a significant difference between the two groups studied (P=0.04). The McGill pain score had also a significant difference between the two study groups (P=0.012). The mean score of SF36 had no significant difference in both groups (P=0.41).Conclusion: The depression score and the prevalence of moderate and severe depression were also higher in patients with chronic upper limb pain with cervical radiculopathy than in patients without cervical radiculopathy.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in β-thalassemia Major Patients in the North of Iran: Mazandaran β-thalassemia Registry - 2017 to 2019
Authors: Mortazavi Parham , Darvish-Khezri Mahdie , Hessami Amirhossein , Abounoori Mahdi , Kheirandish Ali , Falegari Farzane , Ghorbani Mohammad , Ahmadi Ali , Alikhani Zahra , Karami Hossein , Zahedi Mohammad , Darvishi-Khezri Hadi
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic disease spread throughout India, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Turkey, and Southeast Asia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication of patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) due to iron sediment in the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of DM in patients with β-TM.   Material and Methods: Demographic, clinical information, and some biological tests in conjunction with the proportion of T2DM were retrieved from the Mazandaran Thalassemia Registry (MTR) affiliated to the Mazandaran University of Medical Science. The data belong to December 2017 until December 2019.      Results: The results are as follows: Use of iron chelators like deferiprone should be with caution and with respect to the patients' metabolic state to avoid complications like diabetes. 2024 ꞵ-TM patients have registered in MTR (Mazandaran Thalassemia Registration).  Data were completed for 597 cases including 72 patients (12.1%) diabetic and 525 patients (87.9%) non-diabetic. Beta-thalassemia patients with DM were significantly older than non-diabetic patients. Also, the percentage of ꞵ -TM cases dependent on red cell transfusion and patients with a history of spleen surgery in the diabetic group was significantly higher than in the non-diabetic group. Also, (42.7%) of diabetic patients (34 patients) were treated with insulin.Conclusion: We concluded that the history of splenectomy and the number of blood transfusions was higher in the diabetic group and associated with it. Future therapeutic approaches need to focus on reducing splenectomy and a high number of blood injections to avoid diabetes, and its complications in TM patients need to be investigated in future researches.
Effects of Methanolic Extract of Ginkgo biloba Leaf against Hypoxia-Induced Lethality in Mice
Authors: Mortazavi Parham , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hypoxia defines as a condition in which body tissues do not take sufficient oxygen supply. Chronic hypoxia has various medical consequences. Recently, the role of hypoxia in the progression of COVID-19 disease has been proven. Ginkgo biloba is a valuable plant from more than 2000 years ago. Ginkgo has antioxidant activity and exhibits good scavenging activity on the free radicals therefore, it is considered helpful in treating diseases associated with the generation of free radicals, including chronic inflammation, cerebral infarction, ischemic heart disease, and aging.Material and Methods: In this study, anti-hypoxic activities of G. biloba methanolic leaf extract have been determined against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice to understand its usefulness in treating ischemia.Results: The extract showed weak activity in asphyctic model. At 125 mg/kg, it significantly delayed the time of death compared to the control group (p<0.05) but did not show any activities in haemic or circulatory hypoxia tests even at a higher tested dose, 250 mg/kg. Although, at this dose, extract prolonged the survival time more than 1 minute in circulatory model, but this increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study showed that extract has weak anti-hypoxic effects in the treatment of hypoxia.
Peptide-based Radiopharmaceuticals at a Glance
Authors: Kaihani Sajad , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah
Published: May 2021

Because of peptide receptors overexpression in many of the human tumors, the peptide receptors would be an attractive target for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. Accordingly, peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals were designed to bind to these receptors and be able to pursue their goals. Wide range of bifunctional chelating agents (BFCA) can be used for the convenient radiolabeling of bioactive peptides with different radionuclides. These advantages have led to producing a wide variety of peptide radiopharmaceuticals. A number of these peptides, such as bombesin, somatostatin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin/gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide have been able to have clinical applications in nuclear oncology. In this article we have tried to have an overview of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals.
Drugs Using for COVID-19 Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Boskabadi Javad , Askari Zahra , Abbaspour-kasgari Hamideh
Published: May 2021

The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified firstly in CHINA. Manifestation of this disease can be in wide range from asymptomatic to severe critical disease. All gender and ages are at risk for Covid-19 infection in other hand, COVID-19 was known as respiratory infectious disease but this infection may present with other organ injury.Although effective drug for COVID-19 treatment not approved but some antiviral agents and immune modulating treatments may be beneficial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the medications using for treatment patients with Covid-19 infection. Although effective treatment not approved for covid-19 but Remdesivir, as antiviral agent, and dexamethasone are recommended for use in hospitalized patients.
Lavender for Sleep Disorder Management in Menopausal Women with or without Hypertension: A Systematic and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mameneh Mehdi , Rokni Ali , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Babakhanian Masoudeh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Regarding the prevalence of sexual problems during menopause and the interest of women in the use of aromatherapy in attenuating the sleep disorders, and due to the lack of comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of aromatherapy on the sleep disorders, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of lavender on the sleep disorders in postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: The following databases were selected to search systematically the effect of lavender on the quality of sleep in post-menopausal women, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science and Scopus, regardless time limit since inception to September 29, 2019. The quality of trials was investigated according to Jadad scale.Results: After combination of the result of four trials, our meta-analysis showed that treatment with lavender was more effective than placebo in respect with improvement of quality of sleep in menopausal women (Standardized Mean Difference=1.098; Confidence Interval 95%: 0.33-1.86; P= 0.005).Conclusion: Considering the effects of lavender essential oil on improving the quality of sleep in postmenopausal and middle-aged women, this medication can be prescribed in the clinics of sleep problems, obstetrics and gynecology.
DYSLEXIA In Covid - 2019
Authors: Bheemaraju Dr. T.S. , Nanjappa Principal Devi , Amba V. , Devapriya Mercy , Mishra Dr. Venupriya
Published: May 2021

Dyslexia  is  rapidly increased  during the  covid  - 19 pandemic due to  the lockdown effect,  shows that  many  children are  at  home  lack  peer communication and play . the children are  stressed  and  anxious  due to  on line  classes.  However, frequency of  communication among the  children  has  reduced  and  no proper interactions.
Perfil epidemiológico da população privada de liberdade notificada com tuberculose no Tocantins de 2008 a 2018
Authors: Rosendo Vieira Campos Vinícius , Azeredo de Carvalho Jéssica , De Jesus Pantoja Filgueira de Araújo Michelle
Published: May 2021

A tuberculose consiste em uma doença infecciosa milenar, cuja incidência é maior em segmentos vulneráveis da sociedade, como na população carcerária. O trabalho em questão se trata de um estudo transversal retrospectivo descritivo, o qual visa a identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de apenados notificados com a enfermidade no período de 2008 a 2018, no estado do Tocantins. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), produzidos a partir de formulários de notificação compulsória preenchidos por profissionais de saúde. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, raça, tabagismo, HIV, forma de doença e situação de encerramento. Contabilizaram-se 61 pacientes, em sua maioria homens, entre 25 e 34 anos de idade, de etnia parda. Tabagismo e HIV não constituíram fatores de risco importantes. A forma pulmonar foi predominante, com 57 (93,4%) casos, e o desfecho mais comum foi cura, somando 39 (63,9%) casos. O progresso quanto à situação da tuberculose nas cadeias do estado requer sobretudo alteração das circunstâncias de habitação e crescimento do percentual de cura entre os detentos.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À CAPACITAÇÃO DE AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE EM HANSENÍASE EM PALMAS, TOCANTINS, BRASIL
Authors: Do Prado Borges Mariana , José de Aleluia Júnior Edson , Fernandes Bonfim Luiz Pedro , Lima Moreira Rodrigues Allana , Dias Monteiro Lorena
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores associados à capacitação de ACS para o acompanhamento de casos de hanseníase em Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado com a aplicação de questionário em uma população de 301 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Resultados: Um total de 48,84% dos ACS não reconheceu a perda da sensibilidade como sinal e/ou sintoma da hanseníase. A perda de pelos nas sobrancelhas e cílios não foi considerada como sinal e/ou sintoma da hanseníase por 74,42% dos ACS e mais de 50% não souberam identificar o agente causador da doença. Os fatores associados à melhor capacitação dos ACS para acompanharem os casos de hanseníase foram: ACS com mais idade (RP:1,60; IC 1,25-2,05), mulheres (RP: 1,38; IC 1,09-1,75), sentimento de confiança para acompanhar os casos (RP: 1,76; IC 1,47-2,10), ACS com duas ou mais visitas domiciliares para casos de hanseníase (RP: 1, 34; IC 1,09-1,63), ASC que não segrega pacientes na restrição de objetos de uso pessoal (RP: 1,82; IC 1,37-2,42), ASC que teve alguém doente na família (RP: 1,05; IC 1,05-1,41). Na regressão logística, o único determinante isolado para capacitação do ACS sobre hanseníase foi não orientar a separação de objetos de uso pessoal no domicílio. Conclusão: Este estudo trouxe novas evidências e poderá subsidiar estratégias destinadas ao aperfeiçoamento das atividades de controle da hanseníase.