bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Vascular Disorder among Security Personnel in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Anas , Kiriyath Saheema Moila , Saddik Sheikh Huda Mohamed , Panattuparambil Anjela Davis , Ansari Shahwar Fatima , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Gopal Kumaraguruparan , Hazari Animesh
Published: February 2025

Aim This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and associated complications, such as Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), among security personnel in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods Data were gathered from a sample of 166 security professionals, aged 25–65 years, with a minimum of 8 hours of daily work and at least 2 years of experience, using an observational, cross-sectional study design. The 10 g Semmes Weinstein monofilament testing, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, and vibration pressure threshold were used for DPN screening followed by the DN4 questionnaire, and the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was used for PVD assessment. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Research Board (IRB), and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Results The study found a prevalence of 9.6% of DM among security personnel in the UAE. We also found a statistically significant and strong association between DM and DPN (r=0.83; p < 0.001). In contrast, a moderate correlation was observed with PVD (r= 0.56). SPSS version 29 was used for data analysis, and statistical significance was set at a p-value ≤0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of DM among securities in UAE is 9.6%, which is significant, as the total DM prevalence in UAE according to the 2021 report is 12.3%. There is a strong correlation between DM and DPN, suggesting that security personnel could be at higher risk of developing “Diabetic Foot Syndrome” due to the nature and demands of the job. In addition, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease can increase risk and cause associated foot complications.
Exploring mothers' and grandmothers' perceptions of animal-source complementary foods in the diets of young children in The Gambia: A qualitative study
Authors: Dawson Emily , Futa Ahmed , Klappe Maaike , Cerami Carla , Davies-Kershaw Hilary
Published: February 2025

Background In The Gambia, many children consume diets that are lacking in nutrients that are essential for their growth and development. This study aims to explore Gambian mothers' and grandmothers' perceptions around animal source foods (meat, eggs, milk etc.) in order to inform future interventions focused on improving child feeding practices. Methods In July and August 2023, nine semi – structured focus group discussions were conducted with mothers and grandmothers in two settings in The Gambia. A purposeful sample of participants were recruited with the support of each local Medical Research Council clinic. Data were analysed using the framework method and thematic analysis. Participants included 19 mothers and 12 grandmothers in a semi-rural area and 12 mothers and 12 grandmothers in a rural area, caring for children 6-24 months. Mothers and grandmothers were in separate groups. Results Knowledge gaps were identified in both settings regarding aspects of complementary feeding, such as the appropriate timing and methods for introducing animal source foods to children’s diets. Differences were noted in the availability and dissemination of infant and young child feeding information in the two settings, emphasising the crucial role of contextual factors in shaping future programmes. The accessibility and affordability of animal source foods, was found to be a key determinant of their inclusion into children’s diets. A reliance on commercially available complementary foods was common in both settings. Conclusion This study reveals disparities between current complementary feeding practices and guidelines in this setting. It also underscores context-specific barriers caregivers encounter in offering diverse complementary foods, including animal source foods. A high reliance on commercially available complementary foods was also uncovered, particularly in Keneba. Further research is recommended to aid the development of context- specific interventions.
Scoping review of knowledge graph applications in biomedical and healthcare sciences
Authors: Budhdeo Sanjay , Zhang Joe , Abdulle Yusuf , Agapow Paul M , McKechnie Douglas GJ , Archer Matt , Shah Viraj , Forte Eugenia , Noori Ayush , Zitnik Marinka , Ashrafian Hutan , Sharma Nikhil
Published: February 2025

Introduction There is increasing use of knowledge graphs within medicine and healthcare, but a comprehensive survey of their applications in biomedical and healthcare sciences is lacking. Our primary aim is to systematically describe knowledge graph use cases, data characteristics, and research attributes in the academic literature. Our secondary objective is to assess the extent of real-world validation of findings from knowledge graph analysis. Methods We conducted this review in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews to characterize biomedical and healthcare uses of knowledge graphs. Using keyword-based searches, relevant publications and preprints were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, medRxiv, arXiv, and bioRxiv databases. A final set of 255 articles were included in the analysis. Results Although medical science insights and drug repurposing are the most common uses, there is a broad range of knowledge graph use cases. General graphs are more common than graphs specific to disease areas. Knowledge graphs are heterogenous in size with median node numbers 46 983 (IQR 6 415-460 948) and median edge numbers 906 737 (IQR 66 272-9 894 909). DrugBank is the most frequently used data source, cited in 46 manuscripts. Analysing node and edge classes within the graphs suggests delineation into two broad groups: biomedical and clinical. Querying is the most common analytic technique in the literature; however, more advanced machine learning techniques are often used. Discussion The variation in use case and disease area focus identifies areas of opportunity for knowledge graphs. There is diversity of graph construction and validation methods. Translation of knowledge graphs into clinical practice remains a challenge. Critically assessing the success of deploying insights derived from graphs will help determine the best practice in this area.
Selenium's Significance for Human Health and Its Potential Anti-Oncogenic Properties: A Literature Review
Authors: Fabijański Artur , Konarska Anna , Machowiak Anna , Ufnalska Barbara , Lisiecka Justyna , Janik Mateusz , Nowak Michał , Rychlewska-Duda Joanna , Firlej Wojciech , Dukacz Adriana
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, has attracted considerable attention due to its multifaceted roles in human health, particularly its potential anti-oncogenic properties. This literature review aims to synthesise current knowledge regarding the biological functions of Se, its association with cancer risk, and the efficacy of Se supplementation in the prevention and treatment of cancer. The review provides a critical evaluation of the evidence derived from epidemiological studies, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and mechanistic investigations, elucidating areas of consensus and divergence within the existing literature. Furthermore, it underscores the roles of Se in additional domains of human health, including cardiology, neurology, and endocrinology.
The Efficacy of Dog Assisted Therapy in depression and anxiety – a review
Authors: Marciniuk Dominika , Głogowska Paulina , Grela Wiktor , Niewiadomska Jagoda , Gniaź Natalia , Tulej Dawid , Marko Natalia , Dziedzic Alicja , Furtak Daria , Górska Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Introduction: 
Animal-assisted-therapy (AAT) is a form of psychotherapy where animals are used as a part of a therapeutic process. Most commonly chosen are dogs and horses, however, some research shows a positive impact in therapy with farm animals, cats, birds, rodents, and dolphins. AAT provides a comfortable environment which empowers patients to recall traumatic memories and facilitates communication with their therapist. Furthermore, contact with therapeutic animals lowers blood pressure, heart rate and cortisol level. There have also been noted significant increases in beta-endorphin, oxytocyn, β-phenylethylamine and dopamine levels.  
Purpose: The purpose of this article was to present the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of dog-assisted therapy in individuals of all ages experiencing depression or anxiety. 
Material and methods: A review of the available literature was conducted by searching the PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: adults, elderly, children, DAT, dog-assisted therapy, depression, anxiety. Included articles were published after the year 2000. 
Results: The studies reviewed consistently demonstrate the potential benefits of dog-assisted therapy (DAT) for alleviating anxiety, depression, and enhancing overall well-being in various populations. In dental and hospital settings, DAT significantly reduced anxiety and physiological distress with notable improvements in heart rate and depression scores. 
Conclusion: Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) effectively reduces anxiety and depression, demonstrating its potential as an engaging intervention for diverse populations. These findings support its broader integration into mental health programs.
Adverse effects of GLP – 1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Kasprzak Anna , Kułaga Monika , Grzybek Monika , Mazur-Lesińska Diana , Szostak Barbara , Wielgosz-Biała Sylwia , Tyszkiewicz Krzysztof , Łozowski Borys , Kasprzak Małgorzata , Wilczyńska Barbara
Published: February 2025

Introduction and purposeGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP – 1 RAs) are indicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity because of their high efficacy in controlling blood glucose levels and inducing weight loss. Patients may develop gastrointestinal adverse effects (GI AEs) such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and, less commonly, pancreatitis and cholelithiasis. In addition, a recent retrospective cohort study suggested a possible association between nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and the use of one of the GLP – 1 RAs, semaglutide. The aim of this article is to review the side effects associated with GLP – 1 RAs therapy.
The Effects of short term L-citrulline supplementation in the immediate preparation period on the blood morphotic indicators in the population of amateur runners
Authors: Słojkowska Agnieszka , Kruber Karolina , Stankiewicz Błażej
Published: February 2025

Background and Study Aim: The main aim of the study was to asses the effects of short term L-citrulline supplementation in the immediate preparation period on the blood morphotic indicators in the population of amateur runners.
Material and Methods: Population of 24 physically active semi-professional runners preperign for the long distance runn were assigned to two groups to determine the effect of 14-days of 6000 mg per day cytruline supplementation in the immediate preparation period on the blood morphotic indicators in the population of amateur runners. The study was completed by 12 subjects receiving 6 000 mg per cytruline daily (in six 1g gelatin capsules), and 10 subjects receiving placebo gelatin capluses fulfilled with potato flour. The morphological blood parameters were messured from the venous blood collected into 5-ml tubes containing EDTAK2 as the anticoagulant before and after two weeks of supplementation.
Results: There were no significant differences found between the groups with respect to changes in the levels of the studied parameters, except for creatine kinase.
The influence of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation on postpartum mental disorders - literature review and new perspectives
Authors: Kościuszko Zuzanna , Sobiński Adam , Czerwonka Matylda , Kurza Katarzyna , Agnieszka Kulczycka-Rowicka  , Podolec Julianna , Ciraolo Silvia , Walczak Anna , Lesiczka-Fedoryj Katarzyna , Wojda Joanna
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Purpose of work: Postpartum depression is a psychiatric disorder associated with the changes  in the endocrine system as well as in neuroimmune signaling. The purpose of this review is to investigate the meaning of neurosteroids that are link between postpartum depression and changes in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as to highlight the therapeutic implications.
 
Review methods: This article is based on literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases. Observational studies, experimental studies, and meta-analyses on the HPA-axis and postpartum depression, including brain changes and neurosteroids as treatment options, were selected.
 
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:
Postpartum depression involves changes in the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems, often linked to HPA axis dysregulation affecting the CNS. Irregular GABAergic signaling is a key factor, influencing conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Neurosteroids have been used for treatment, and new options for postpartum depression are being explored. Hormonal shifts may also affect hippocampal and gray matter function.
 
Summary: This review explores the connection between postpartum depression and hormonal changes in the HPA axis, highlighting its clinical importance. It calls for deeper insight into the condition’s pathophysiology, including hippocampal changes affecting memory and mood. Neurosteroid therapies show promise, but further research is needed on their role in HPA axis-related memory changes during postpartum. A comprehensive approach considering factors like sex, age, microbiome, stress, and diet is crucial.
Square-Root Regret Bounds for Continuous-Time Episodic Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Gao Xuefeng , Zhou Xunyu
Published: February 2025

We study reinforcement learning for continuous-time Markov decision processes (MDPs) in the finite-horizon episodic setting. In contrast to discrete-time MDPs, the intertransition times of a continuous-time MDP are exponentially distributed with rate parameters depending on the state–action pair at each transition. We present a learning algorithm based on the methods of value iteration and upper confidence bound. We derive an upper bound on the worst case expected regret for the proposed algorithm and establish a worst case lower bound with both bounds of the order of square root on the number of episodes. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments to illustrate the performance of our algorithm.

Funding: X. Gao is supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council [Grants 14201421, 14212522, 14200123]. X. Zhou gratefully acknowledges financial support through the Nie Center for Intelligent Asset Management at Columbia.
English language teaching practices and implementations in higher education: Systematical literature review
Authors: Mihret Getachew , Joshi Jagdish S
Published: February 2025

According to English language teaching (ELT) practices and implementations, the problem-solving approach that puts students at the center of learning should serve as the foundation for the teaching and learning processes. As a result, it was determined that the principles and methods of communicative language teaching should serve as the foundation for English language instruction in higher education. Additionally, it was asserted that employing communicative language teaching methods will raise students' level of English language competency. Consequently, the goal of this methodically examined literature was to evaluate the methods and applications of English language instruction in the system of higher education. The investigator collected previously published works from the Scopus database. He reviewed articles published between the years 2016 and 2024. The researcher carried out six steps to direct the review: a systematic literature review utilizing the PRISMA approach (Mihret et al., 2024). The researcher kept 24 papers out of 139 that were carefully examined. Key words employed by the researcher were English language teaching and teaching, as well as higher education. The items could be retrieved on May 28, 2024. The final papers were used by the researcher instead of articles that were being considered for publishing in press, and the language used to publish those articles was English. The social sciences and the arts and humanities were the subject areas he employed most frequently. The results showed that in practices and implementations of English language teaching in higher education system, some problems such as, learner-related factors, teacher- related factors, socio-cultural influences, time and physical constraints, and shortage of materials are occurred.
ECG of the month: chest tightness in a patient working as a farmer
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: February 2025

In this issue’s ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 71-year-old man who was experiencing chest tightness and dizziness, which started while he was out herding sheep on his farm.
The reel thing
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: February 2025

With YouTube use on the rise in the early years, Caroline Vollans looks at the potential pitfalls
We've explored…: mermaids
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: February 2025

How staff at one setting expanded children's interest in mermaids. By Annette Rawstrone
Sweet dreams
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: February 2025

How can practitioners create an effective sleep routine and environment for infants and support parents? By Annette Rawstrone
market view: Setting Goals
Authors: Turner Leah
Published: February 2025

Leah Turner, co-founder of Owen Froebel, which offers day nursery brokerage, valuations and sales, on new year resolutions and actions.
Setting boundaries
Authors: Jozwiak Gabriella
Published: February 2025

Our panel discuss the right tone to set between manager and staff. By Gabriella Jozwiak
Ultra-high sensitivity integrated photonic biosensors based on a feedback-coupled microring resonator
Authors: Chen Zhituo , Wang Han , Ping Zhang A. , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: February 2025

A high-performance sensor is crucial for the integration of optical biosensors, enabling the precise and rapid identification of target analytes. We present the correlation between feedback-coupled microring resonator (FBCMR) and variations in Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring resonator (MRR) phases. By introducing an asymmetric MZI into FBCMR, we have successfully achieved ultra-high sensitivity integrated photonic sensor whose refractive index sensitivity and limit of detection are 5752.5 nm/RIU and 1.6514 × 10-5, respectively. The photonic sensor is packaged with a PDMS microfluidic layer, forming an integrated optofluidic chip, which is applied to detect human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Such an integrated photonic sensor has no suspended or subwavelength grating (SWG) structure so that no need to challenge manufacturing processes which paves the way for application in high-resolution biochemical sensing and environmental monitoring.
Two-dimensional polarization distance underwater imaging method inspired by biomimetic vision
Authors: Qiao Rui , Fan Zhiguo , Jin Haihong , Yao Shangle , Wu Yiwei
Published: February 2025

Polarization imaging can obtain multi-dimensional information, demonstrating significant advantages in underwater application scenarios. Many organisms rely on polarized vision systems to capture subtle polarization information differences to achieve the purposes of avoiding natural enemies, foraging and navigation. The current underwater polarization imaging algorithms focus on using polarization information to enhance image details, but the practical difficulty is to effectively obtain and use underwater polarization information and reduce the estimation error of background scattered light. Inspired by polarization vision and color vision, this paper proposes a two-dimensional polarization distance model. The model combines the degree of polarization (DOP), angle of polarization (AOP) and other parameters to quantify the polarization difference between the target and the background as a distance in the mathematical space, so as to evaluate the difference of polarization characteristics between the two. In addition, through frequency domain analysis and polarization state reconstruction, the global distribution of AOP and DOP of background scattered light is obtained, which can effectively reduce the estimation error of background scattered light. The results show that this method can effectively improve the contrast between target and background in turbid water, and demonstrates good visual effect.
Ultra-compact multi-pass cell-based TDLAS sensor for simultaneous dual-position atmospheric methane detection
Authors: Xue Yan , Cui Ruyue , Wang Gang , Hu Yongyong , Tian Qingyuan , Wu Hongpeng , Dong Lei
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development and evaluation of an ultra-compact multi-pass cell (MPC) for multi-point methane (CH4) detection in environmental monitoring. The MPC, with a 2.45 m optical path length and a volume of ∼7 mL, was fabricated using two spherical mirrors to form a non-intersecting seven-circle spot pattern, maximizing the optical path length while minimizing volume. A near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) laser at 1.65 μm was used as the light source, achieving detection sensitivity at the ppb level. The sensor system was tested in a dual-point setup over seven days, monitoring methane concentrations in a sewage environment. Results show that the ground-floor sensor recorded CH4 concentrations ranging from 1.70 to 36.80 ppm, with an average of 2.90 ± 1.03 ppm, while the rooftop sensor showed concentrations between 1.60 and 4.40 ppm, averaging 2.40 ± 0.33 ppm. The linearity of the sensor was confirmed with R2 values exceeding 0.999 for methane concentrations from 0.5 ppm to 20 ppm. The minimum detectable limit (MDL) was 288 ppb, and the rise and fall times were measured at 29s and 30s, respectively. The ultra-compact MPC design is cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and suitable for real-time methane detection in distributed networks, offering significant potential for environmental monitoring.
Efficient 2.8-µm Er-doped all-fiber laser based on a low optical feedback cavity
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Sheng Quan , Fu Shijie , Zhou Zhiming , Zhang Lu , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: February 2025

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) fiber lasers have faced significant challenges in achieving all-fiberized structure with high efficiency and high output power due to the limitations of conventional cavity designs. In this paper, we introduce what we believe to be a novel 2.8 µm all-fiber laser configuration with a low optical feedback linear cavity, effectively eliminating the need for traditional high-reflector components. This approach simplifies the design of mid-IR erbium fiber lasers, offering enhanced flexibility in design and application. Experimentally, we demonstrate a 2.8 µm Er-doped fluoride fiber laser with a maximum output power of 12.5 W and an optical efficiency of 22.1%. Additionally, we present a numerical model to analyze the laser power behavior and determine the cavity optical feedback through a control experiment. Methods for stabilizing the laser wavelength are also discussed. This work provides a practical solution for developing high-efficiency, high-power all-fiber mid-IR lasers with simplified configurations, paving the way for their broader applications in diverse fields.
Multi-focal plane near-eye display integrating polarizing beam splitters and liquid crystal variable retarder
Authors: Wang Da , Cheng Dewen , Shan Yuefan , Wang Ximeng , Wang He , Wang Yongtian
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of near-eye display (NED) technology, it has become a key device connecting the virtual world, widely used in various industries. However, most commercial NED systems have a limitation: they provide only a fixed virtual image distance, which restricts their performance in 3D visual effects and can lead to visual issues such as vergence-accommodation conflict. To address this issue, an augmented reality NED system was designed by integrating a liquid crystal variable retarder and polarizing beam splitter prisms in combination with freeform prisms. Four focal planes with a diopter range of 0.2D to 5D were achieved, covering the human eye's observation range from far to near. This paper details the optical design principles of this multi-focal NED system. A prototype was fabricated to validate the system’s exceptional performance and broad application potential. The final system offers high image quality with a diagonal field of view of 40°, an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm, and an eye relief of 18 mm, which is based on a 0.23-inch micro-display.
When ELIZA meets therapists: A Turing test for the heart and mind
Authors: Hatch S. Gabe , Goodman Zachary T. , Vowels Laura , Hatch H. Dorian , Brown Alyssa L. , Guttman Shayna , Le Yunying , Bailey Benjamin , Bailey Russell J. , Esplin Charlotte R. , Harris Steven M. , Holt D. Payton , McLaughlin Merranda , O’Connell Patrick , Rothman Karen , Ritchie Lane , Top D. Nicholas , Braithwaite Scott R.
Published: February 2025

“Can machines be therapists?” is a question receiving increased attention given the relative ease of working with generative artificial intelligence. Although recent (and decades-old) research has found that humans struggle to tell the difference between responses from machines and humans, recent findings suggest that artificial intelligence can write empathically and the generated content is rated highly by therapists and outperforms professionals. It is uncertain whether, in a preregistered competition where therapists and ChatGPT respond to therapeutic vignettes about couple therapy, a) a panel of participants can tell which responses are ChatGPT-generated and which are written by therapists (N = 13), b) the generated responses or the therapist-written responses fall more in line with key therapy principles, and c) linguistic differences between conditions are present. In a large sample (N = 830), we showed that a) participants could rarely tell the difference between responses written by ChatGPT and responses written by a therapist, b) the responses written by ChatGPT were generally rated higher in key psychotherapy principles, and c) the language patterns between ChatGPT and therapists were different. Using different measures, we then confirmed that responses written by ChatGPT were rated higher than the therapist’s responses suggesting these differences may be explained by part-of-speech and response sentiment. This may be an early indication that ChatGPT has the potential to improve psychotherapeutic processes. We anticipate that this work may lead to the development of different methods of testing and creating psychotherapeutic interventions. Further, we discuss limitations (including the lack of the therapeutic context), and how continued research in this area may lead to improved efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions allowing such interventions to be placed in the hands of individuals who need them the most.
Bold strides towards the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) as a public health problem—A case study of Angola
Authors: Ouma Johnson O. , Kayembe Simon , Bessell Paul R. , Makana Don Paul , Dala Amadeu D. C. P. , Peliganga Luis Baião , Ndung’u Joseph M. , Machado Constantina P. F.
Published: February 2025

Background

The chronic form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and commonly referred to as gambiense-HAT (gHAT) is endemic in 7 of Angola’s 18 provinces. Major epidemics of the disease occurred in the country in the 1920s to 1940s and 1990s –mid 2000s, and current estimates are that up to a third of the country’s population is at risk of infection. Whereas gHAT was first reported in Angola in 1871, control efforts did not begin until 30 years later in 1901. This case study describes the history of gHAT in Angola, outlines the policies and strategies used in its control, and the intensification efforts being made to accelerate progress towards elimination. Furthermore, it highlights factors that have contributed to recurrent outbreaks of gHAT in the country and key achievements in the push towards elimination.

Methods

Literature review was conducted using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO HAT data repository, and the African Union Inter African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control (ISCTRC) conference proceedings. Data/information not found in these databases was availed through personal communication with colleagues from Instituto de Combate e Controlo das Tripanossomiases (ICCT). The search of databases was conducted using the following terms: “human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) control/elimination in Angola,” “sleeping sickness/HAT control in Angola,” “HAT epidemics in Angola.”

Results and conclusion

Overall, the interventions put in place over the years have led to significant reduction in the number of new HAT cases reported annually, from an average of 3,496 (between 1990 and 2006) to an average of 56 cases between 2016 and 2023. This has renewed the hope of achieving elimination of gHAT as a public health problem by 2030.
Two new species of the Entoloma quadratum—Murrayi complex in Japan
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Satomi Otomi , Sugiyama Yoriko
Published: February 2025

We describe two new species, Entoloma. kermesinum sp. nov. and E. flavescens sp. nov., which are confused with E. quadratum and E. murrayi, respectively. We sequenced the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and 22 single-copy genes for 51 specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, E. album, and related species. Species boundaries were assessed using the molecular phylogenetics and population genetics approaches. Specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, and E. album formed independent clades, which were phylogenetically distinct from the specimens of E. quadratum and E. murrayi collected around the type locality (i.e., New England). Although the phylogenetic distance between E. flavescens and E. album was small, gene flow between them was restricted in areas where they coexisted, suggesting reproductive isolation. Therefore, these five species can be treated as independent species. We found characteristics useful for identifying E. kermesinum and E. flavescens. In particular, E. kermesinum is characterized by a crimson to brown-red and fibrillose pileus, finely covered by whitish fibrous scales; E. flavescens is characterized by a lemon-yellow to tan and shiny-to-silky pileus. In addition, relatively large basidiospores and clamp connections are diagnostic features of these two species.
Can psychedelic use benefit meditation practice? Examining individual, psychedelic, and meditation-related factors
Authors: Jiwani Zishan , Goldberg Simon B. , Stroud Jack , Young Jacob , Curtin John , Dunne John D. , Simonsson Otto , Webb Christian A. , Carhart-Harris Robin , Schlosser Marco
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Meditation practice and psychedelic use have attracted increasing attention in the public sphere and scientific research. Both methods induce non-ordinary states of consciousness that may have significant therapeutic benefits. Thus, there is growing scientific interest in potential synergies between psychedelic use and meditation practice with some research suggesting that psychedelics may benefit meditation practice. The present study examined individual, psychedelic-related, and meditation-related factors to determine under what conditions meditators perceive psychedelic use as beneficial for their meditation practice.

Method

Participants (N = 863) who had reported psychedelic use and a regular meditation practice (at least 3 times per week during the last 12 months) were included in the study. To accommodate a large number of variables, machine learning (i.e., elastic net, random forest) was used to analyze the data.

Results

Most participants (n = 634, 73.5%) found psychedelic use to have a positive influence on their quality of meditation. Twenty-eight variables showed significant zero-order associations with perceived benefits even following a correction. Elastic net had the best performance (R2 = .266) and was used to identify the most important features. Across 53 variables, the model found that greater use of psychedelics, intention setting during psychedelic use, agreeableness, and exposure to N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (N,N-DMT) were most likely to be associated with the perception that psychedelics benefit meditation practice. The results were consistent across several different approaches used to identify the most important variables (i.e., Shapley values, feature ablation).

Discussion

Results suggest that most meditators found psychedelic use to have a positive influence on their meditation practice, with: 1) regularity of psychedelic use, 2) the setting of intentions for psychedelic use, 3) having an agreeable personality, and 4) reported use of N,N-DMT being the most likely predictors of perceiving psychedelic use as beneficial. Longitudinal designs and randomized trials manipulating psychedelic use are needed to establish causality.
Pilot randomized trial of the effect of antibacterial mouthwash on muscle contractile function in healthy young adults
Authors: Gallardo Edgar J. , Zoughaib William S. , Singhal Ahaan , Hoffman Richard L. , Coggan Andrew R.
Published: February 2025

Antiseptic mouthwash use is widespread due to its oral health benefits. However, its impact on systemic physiological processes, particularly nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and muscle contractility, is not fully understood. We sought to determine the effects of cetylpyridinium (antibacterial) versus sodium chloride (control) mouthwashes on salivary and breath NO markers and muscle contractile function in healthy young adults. Thirty participants (n = 15/group) completed a randomized, parallel-arm, blinded trial, comparing the two mouthwashes before and after 7 d of treatment. NO bioavailability was inferred via measurement of salivary nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), and cyclic guanyl monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations and breath NO level. Contractile function of the knee extensor muscles was determined via isokinetic dynamometry. No changes in salivary NO3−, NO2−, or cGMP or in breath NO were observed in response to either treatment. However, cetylpyridinium mouthwash reduced the percentage of NO2− in saliva (17 ± 10% vs. 25 ± 13%; p = 0.0036). Peak torque at velocities of 0–6.28 rad/s was unaffected by mouthwash use. Calculated maximal knee extensor velocity (Vmax) and power (Pmax) were therefore also unchanged. Cetylpyridinium mouthwash reduces the relative abundance of NO2− in the oral cavity but does not significantly diminish overall NO bioavailability or impair muscle contractile function in healthy young adults.
CT imaging biomarkers to predict severity and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yoon Do won , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Hwang In Chang , Lee Wonjae , Lee Ki-Yeal , Chun Eun Ju
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To explore whether there are computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarkers that can stratify the severity of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 144 consecutive patients with suspected PH who underwent CT pulmonary angiography and right heart catheterization (RHC). CT findings were analyzed by two observers for large vessel size [ascending aorta (A), pulmonary artery (P), inferior vena cava (IVC)], each chamber size, and septal angle. We investigated the associations between CT imaging parameters and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) from RHC. During a median follow-up of 36 months, we observed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all-cause mortality and hospitalization for PH worsening). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to determine independent predictors of MACE in patients with PH.

Results

Of 144 patients, 116 (80.2%) were diagnosed with PH based on an mPAP of 20 mmHg. Among CT parameters, P, P/A ratio, right ventricle (RV), and RV/left ventricle (LV) ratio were strongly correlated with mPAP values (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, all r < 0.001). During the follow-up period, 44 (30.6%) patients developed MACE (14 deaths and 30 hospitalizations). Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, the RV/LV ratio (HR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.17–4.59) was the best predictor of MACE, followed by age (HR 1.03, 95% CI;1.00–1.05) (all p < 0.05). Among various CT parameters, A, P, and P/A ratio showed excellent reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.95.

Conclusion

Among CT parameters, the RV/LV ratio was the most robust predictor of MACE in patients with PH, while the P and P/A ratios served as reliable indicators reflecting mPAP levels.
Testing the Interface Hypothesis: Evidence from processing directions of possession transfer in double object constructions by L1-Mandarin Chinese L2-English learners
Authors: Li Yuxi , Zeng Tao , Liu Ze
Published: February 2025

The Interface Hypothesis postulates that internal interfaces linking domains within the language system are ultimately acquired at a near-native proficiency level in second language (L2) acquisition. While extensive research in the field of L2 acquisition has demonstrated that L2 learners often fail to completely acquire internal interfaces, the present study adds to this line of research by delving into an understudied phenomenon at the syntax-semantics interface, namely, directions of possession transfer in English Double Object Constructions (DOCs). Specifically, this study focuses on the processing of English DOCs containing verbs with varying or opposing directions of possession transfer. Employing a self-paced reading task and a comprehension task, we examined the performance of 30 native English speakers and 63 first language (L1) Mandarin Chinese learners of English. The findings suggest that L2 learners struggle to fully acquire the intricacies of English DOCs. Additionally, this study reveals that learners encounter challenges in processing English DOCs with left-directional verbs such as buy, compared to those with right-directional verbs such as post and non-directional verbs such as build. This points to an indeterminacy in the processing of the syntax-semantics interface constructions by L2 learners at developmental stages. To account for these findings, we propose an interface indeterminacy account, contending that the indeterminacy in the processing of the syntax-semantics interface constructions by L2 learners stems from the inherent indeterminacy in these constructions. Furthermore, this indeterminacy is likely to be vulnerable to a number of variables, including L1 transfer, learners’ L2 proficiency, and processing resources.
Deep CNN-based detection of cardiac rhythm disorders using PPG signals from wearable devices
Authors: Bulut Miray Gunay , Unal Sencer , Hammad Mohamed , Pławiak Paweł
Published: February 2025

Cardiac rhythm disorders can manifest in various ways, such as the heart rate being too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia), irregular heartbeats (like atrial fibrillation-AF, ventricular fibrillation-VF), or the initiation of heartbeats in different areas from the norm (extrasystole). Arrhythmias can disrupt the balanced circulation, leading to serious complications like heart attacks, strokes, and sudden death. Medical devices like electrocardiography (ECG) and Holter monitors are commonly used for diagnosing and monitoring cardiac rhythm disorders. However, in recent years, the development of wearable devices has played a significant role in the detection and diagnosis of rhythm disorders through the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Wearable devices enable patients to continuously monitor their health status and allow doctors to provide earlier diagnoses and interventions. In this study, a 1D-CNN model is proposed to detect arrhythmias using PPG signals. A dataset prepared by the University of Massachusetts Medical Center (UMMC) containing both ECG and PPG signal data was utilized. In this dataset, ECG signals are filtered with a bandpass filter and raw PPG signals are divided into 30-second segments. Accuracy values were obtained by classifying ECG and PPG signals using a 1D CNN model. ECG signals were used as a reference. The proposed model achieved a 95.17% accuracy rate in detecting normal sinus rhythm (NSR), atrial fibrillation (AF), and premature atrial contractions (PAC) from PPG signals. Datasets are available for download on https://www.synapse.org/pulsewatch. The codes used in this study are available on the https://github.com/miraygunay/PPG-Code.git website.
Development and psychometric testing of the family caregiver self-efficacy scale for patients in the early post-coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Zhou Shiqi , Zhang Yinghong , Liu Yuting , Yang Qi , Peng Pan , Geng Li , Hu Liu
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives

Family caregiver self-efficacy plays an important role in improving the health and quality of life of patients in the early post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, there is a lack of targeted self-efficacy assessment tool for caregivers of patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a Family Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale for patients in the early post-CABG (FCSES-EPCABG) and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

Based on self-efficacy theory, the initial scale was formed by the literature review, semi-structured interviews, Delphi expert consultation, and pre-survey. Through the convenience sampling method, 133 caregivers who met the selection criteria were chosen for the questionnaire survey at Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital from January 2024 to May 2024. The aim was to test the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results

The final scale contained five dimensions of wound care, medication management, cardiac rehabilitation management, social support, and self-care, with a total of 22 items. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.889 to 1.000, the scale-level content validity index/average was 0.985, and the content validity ratio ranged from 0.778 to 1.000. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the five dimensions was 69.433%. In the criterion-related validity analysis, the total score of the FCSES-EPCABG was positively correlated with the total score of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.762, P<0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.919, the half reliability was 0.779, and the test-retest reliability was 0.936.

Conclusion

The FCSES-EPCABG has satisfactory reliability and validity, which is suitable for evaluating the self-efficacy of family caregivers of patients in the early post-CABG.
Effects of mobile application interventions on quality of life in patients with cancer: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Zhang Yuhan , Li Wansheng , Hou Xiaoya , Zhang Peili
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer is a public health burden that seriously affects patients’ daily quality of life. Mobile applications are increasingly being used in the field of health promotion, but the intervention effect of mobile apps on the quality of life of cancer patients is still inconsistent.

Methods

We will use key words and medical subject headings to search for randomized controlled trials in nine databases until January 10, 2024. The quality of the studies will be assessed using the risk of bias tool recommended in the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and a pooled analysis of data will be conducted using random effects models to assess the impact of mobile application interventions on pain and quality of life in cancer patients.

Results

We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion

We will draw conclusions based on the outcomes of the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prospero registration number

CRD42024497649.
Optimisation of the preparation phase for orthopaedic surgery: Study protocol for a student-led multimodal prehabilitation feasibility trial (BoneFit)
Authors: Ingle Lee , Snook Joanna , Smith Lois , Oliver Ben , Bray James , Wells Liz , Moorhouse Jaswinder , Dixon Lili , Simpson Phillip , Osman Selen , Saxton John , Rajendran Aarthi , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Symes Tom
Published: February 2025

Background

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, a surgical backlog for total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) surgery remains in the United Kingdom. Multimodal prehabilitation pathways (encompassing exercise, nutritional support and psychological wellbeing) can be utilised to ‘optimise” physical and mental resilience prior to the challenge of surgical intervention. BoneFit is an open-label, non-randomised feasibility trial to determine the recruitment and attendance/adherence rates, delivery and implementation challenges, fidelity, acceptability, and safety of a student-led multimodal prehabilitation intervention in people listed for THR/TKR surgery. We will also determine participant and clinician views of the intervention, and identify any challenges and enablers of inter-institutional partnership working.

Methods

Individuals listed for THR/TKR surgery aged between 18 to 75 years will be assigned to an intervention (n = 25) or usual-care control group (n = 25). The primary outcome measures will be feasibility of delivering the BoneFit intervention. Physical, psychological, quality of life and clinical outcomes will be assessed at three major time-points; T1 (baseline; 2 months from surgery), T2 (2–10 days from surgery), and T3 (3 months following surgery). We aim to show that the trial is feasible and that we can identify a signal of efficacy based on clinical outcomes collected compared to controls. The study was ethically approved by the Health Research Authority (London Bridge Research Ethics Committee: REC reference: 24/PR/0092) in March 2024.

Discussion

The development of a multimodal prehabilitation pathway could improve the physical and mental resilience of individuals awaiting orthopaedic surgery. We aim to determine if this translates to faster discharge and reduced complication rates, thus helping boost surgical throughput and potentially easing surgical backlog. It is likely that the concept of ‘waiting’ lists for surgery should be challenged, rather, individuals should be encouraged to use the time available to ‘prepare’ for surgery.

Trial registration

Registration details

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT06341920.