bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Autonomy: Recalibrating Strategic Autonomy and Digital Sovereignty
Authors: J. Gstrein Oskar
Published: February 2024

The datafication of society comes with a recalibration of power structures. European states can no longer depend on territorial control to govern (cyber)space, powerful corporations own essential cloud infrastructure, state actors denying the importance of democracy and human rights have crucial roles in supply chains, and users are left without choice when using digital services. This article proposes data autonomy as a value-based framework, in response to this ongoing powershift undermining the European Union’s strategic autonomy. In contrast to debates around digital sovereignty and international data flows in data protection law, data autonomy aspires to establish a framework that puts human dignity at its core. Essentially, data autonomy is based on informational self-determination, yet expands it in three dimensions: First, informational selfdetermination remains limited to the citizen-state relationship. The scope of data autonomy expands to private actors, in cases where those are particularly powerful. Secondly, data autonomy expands beyond individual rights and duties, including organizational autonomy as an enabler for individual autonomy. Thirdly, data autonomy addresses harmful inferences resulting from the use of systems based on machine learning or artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is not limited to risks stemming from statically labelled data (e.g., data stored in databases).

Strategic Autonomy, Human Dignity, Digital Sovereignty, Governance, Datafication, Data Ownership, Data Governance, Data Protection, Privacy, Informational Self-Determination
‘Nobody Has any Intention of Building a Wall’ Some Reflections on the EU’s New-Found Assertiveness in the Sphere of Trade and Investment
Authors: de Waele Henri , Zamani Najibullah
Published: February 2024

A major trend in international economic law during the last decades concerns the simultaneous rise of geopolitization and securitization. In today’s world, states increasingly pursue their interests not by classic military or political means, but rather through a clever application of particular economic and investment policies. To confront the concomitant challenges, the European Union has newly embraced a creed of ‘open strategic autonomy’ (OSA): a formula that is intended as a way of coping with the changing international environment, while at the same time remaining receptive to most ordinary commercial opportunities. Concerns have been raised however that the Union’s posture might well incite (or serve as a pretext for) old-fashioned protectionism, and is likely to trigger various forms of retaliatory action. The question thus arises to what extent, with this stated goal, the EU is able to weather or withstand the aforementioned trends. The current paper, after assessing the ambition’s key merits and reviewing its recent application in a number of sectoral domains, purports to showcase that, as long as certain preconditions are fulfilled, the pursued objective may actually be labelled as timely and apposite, not least in light of the positioning of other global actors. If correct, the exposé presents a soothing response to the ever more vocal criticisms of a perceived European tendency to ‘go it alone’.

open strategic autonomy, geo-economics, EU, WTO, foreign direct investment, anticoercion instrument, foreign subsidies regulation, carbon border adjustment mechanism
Crypto Insolvencies and the Limits of a Contract and Contract Law
Authors: Kokorin Ilya
Published: February 2024

This article examines contracts between crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) and their customers. The recent collapses of major crypto-platforms, like Celsius and FTX, highlight both the importance and limitations of such contracts. In this article, I examine the role of digital contracts or ‘crypto-contracts’ in the resolution of conflicts in crypto insolvencies, and question whether (exclusive) reliance on these contracts is optimal from the perspective of foreseeability, fairness and protection of customer rights. I demonstrate that contracts with crypto-platforms tend to be long, complex, ambiguous and subject to frequent unilateral modifications. They often create uncertainty about the rights of customers in deposited crypto-assets (personal v. proprietary). This is their first limitation. The second limitation relates to potential interference of property law. Even if a contract grants certain proprietary rights to customers, property law may attach additional requirements for their creation and protection, such as asset segregation, and lead to the loss or transfer of ownership in a situation of commingling. Finally, the third limitation comes from the fact that the promises of contract and property law may be of little help where a CASP breaches the contract and reuses (disposes of) customer assets without consent. Together, these limitations constitute compelling policy justifications for interference with contractual relations. Insolvency of cryptoplatforms brings to light complex legal problems, which require a balanced and multi-dimensional approach. This approach should complement contractual arrangements with relevant rules from different areas of law, including consumer, property and administrative (regulatory) law.
The Potential Impact of the CSRD and Other Sustainability Legislation on Listed Companies
Authors: Baks M.A.B.
Published: February 2024

As investors increasingly take into account environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects of their investments, sustainability has certainly been making its mark on listed companies and the capital markets more generally. Considering their scope of application, recent sustainability legislation is likely to further the importance of sustainability for listed companies and the capital markets more generally. The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) is the directive with probably the most impact. This publication discusses the potential impact of the CSRD on companies (to be) listed on a regulated market as well as certain other sustainability considerations for listed companies.

Sustainability, ESG, CSRD, CSDDD, sustainability reporting, inside information, gender diversity, prospectus disclosure, listed companies, SME growth markets
Vanquishing the Paper Trail: An Update on Progress in Moving to a Global Paperless Trading System
Authors: Epps Tracey
Published: February 2024

One of the most enduring features of global trade across the centuries has been the necessity for paper documentation to accompany goods. The costs and inefficiencies associated with this universal requirement have been recognised by governments and the private sector for well over twenty years now, as have the potential benefits of moving to a paperless trading system where information flows are digitalized. There have been significant developments towards the realization of a seamless paperless trading environment since the Covid-19 pandemic, driven both by private sector innovations and government reforms such as the passage of the Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023 in the United Kingdom. The latter is a particularly significant development that will allow for the legal recognition of key trade documents, a critical step in allowing the development of paperless trading systems. Despite this and other steps forward, implementation of the measures necessary to achieve a truly seamless global paperless trading system is far from comprehensive, and some regions of the world lag behind, as does implementation of certain cross-border paperless trading measures (e.g. electronic exchange of anitary and phytosanitary certificates).

paperless trade, cross border paperless trade, digital trade; paper documentation, FTAs and paperless trade, trade facilitation, digital trade
Foreign Investment in Vietnam: A Review of Corporate Compliance by Investors from Japan
Authors: Thu Hien Phan Thi , Diep Mac Thi Ngoc
Published: February 2024

Japan is one of the most significant foreign investors in Vietnam. However, information about trade compliance by Japanese firms in Vietnam remains scant. This study draws from a new survey of Vietnamese import and export enterprises in 2019, which includes both local and Japanese firms. It shows that Japanese firms are performing better than local firms in terms of trade compliance and regulation. They are also more likely to acknowledge the importance of public-private partnerships and the legal capacity of human force. However, the biggest concerns and obstacles of these actors are Vietnam’s specialized laws and regulations in the cross-border trade of goods. These findings offer important policy implications to enhance trade compliance for Vietnamese enterprises in general and Japanese FDI firms in particular.

Authorized Economic Operator Program, Japanese FDI firms, Trade Compliance, Trade Facilitation, Vietnam
Confidentiality in Arbitration: A Principled Response to the Opportunity for Codification in England and Wales
Authors: A. Greenop Michael
Published: February 2024

Confidentiality is often perceived as a pivotal aspect of arbitration, shielding sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure and preventing potential harm. This article examines the opportunity for codification of the confidentiality obligations in arbitration in England and Wales in light of the Law Commission’s recent review of the Arbitration Act 1996, emphasizing the importance of clear and predictable rules to enhance England and Wales’ status as a favoured arbitral seat. Codification will offer legal certainty and the concern that users from around the world must navigate a complex web of case law to determine the existence and scope of confidentiality duties, making it less accessible. By enshrining confidentiality in the Act, informed decisions can be made without ambiguity. This article is split into four sections, examining the concept and significance of confidentiality, the global development of confidentiality rules, the opportunity for codification, and the potential benefits of harmonizing international arbitration law. For codification to be effective, the drafters must define robust exceptions, such as consent, court orders, protection of legitimate interests, and public interest. Drawing inspiration from other jurisdictions, the Act should allow flexibility for courts to address unforeseen scenarios. By embracing confidentiality and providing clarity, England and Wales can strengthen its position as a leading jurisdiction for international commercial arbitration.

Confidentiality, Arbitration, Procedure, Codification, Uniformity, Harmonization, UNCITRAL Model Law, Institutional Rules
Principles Justifying the Reallocation of Taxing Rights to Market Jurisdictions: Do We Need Them?
Authors: Szudoczky Rita
Published: February 2024

This article argues that the taxing right of market jurisdictions under Pillar One is justified by commonly invoked and widely accepted principles in international taxation. This is not just a desirable outcome of the international coordination on the allocation of taxing rights but a moral demand that the inter-state allocation of taxing rights must comply with. A principle-based allocation of taxing rights is a precondition for the legitimacy and thus the equity of the international tax regime. Principles, such as ability to pay, the benefits principle and economic allegiance, provide a normative justification for asserting tax jurisdiction. Despite the criticism regarding their vagueness, indeterminateness, and overlaps between their meaning, the benefits principle and economic allegiance have a definite function in the international tax regime insofar as they designate the countries that have a legitimate claim to tax international income.

Pillar One, international tax coordination, equity in international taxation, internation equity, legitimacy, principles, justification of taxation, justification of tax jurisdiction, benefits principle, economic allegiance.
Strategic Evolution: The Changing Face of US Development Finance in World Trade
Authors: Chaisse Julien
Published: February 2024

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the strategic transformation in US development finance, particularly highlighting the shift from the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) to the Development Finance Corporation (DFC). It delves into the geopolitical and economic objectives driving this transition, reflecting the broader US strategy to counter China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The article employs a neo-realistic theoretical framework, supplemented by elements of development and legal theory, to provide a multifaceted understanding of these global trade and investment dynamics. It evaluates the DFC’s operational strategy and commitment to facilitating private investment in developing nations while averting potential debt traps and sovereignty risks. The study further examines the role of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) in safeguarding DFC-backed projects and reviews their substantive rules and dispute resolution methods. The article concludes by positing the DFC as a more sustainable and transparent alternative to the BRI, offering potential benefits for both developing nations and US geopolitical interests.

Political risk insurance, financial development, investment financing, Investment Incentive Agreements, International Development Finance Corporation, Belt and Road Initiative, trade policy programs
The WTO Joint Statement Initiative on E-commerce: Navigating Digital Trade Rules in a Fragmented World
Authors: Mitchell Andrew D. , Chin Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

This article examines the Joint Statement Initiative on Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce JSI), which is being negotiated at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and aims to harmonize international digital trade rules. The E-Commerce JSI is a concrete opportunity for the WTO to demonstrate the ongoing value of its rule-making function at a time when it is under increasing pressure on a range of fronts. However, it also faces several challenges to its conclusion, including resolving differences on key rules (such as on data flows and localization), clarifying the development dimension of the rules being negotiated, and finding a path to include the ultimate agreement in the WTO architecture. This article examines the early successes and promises of the E-Commerce JSI, before assessing three key challenges it now faces. It concludes that the timely finalization of the E-Commerce JSI will be a major win for the WTO, both in terms of substantive rules and in highlighting the relevance of the multilateral institution to the modern development of international trade law. It explains the key obstacles to the conclusion of the negotiation likely rest on the interlinked issues of better communicating the JSI’s development dimension, finding an acceptable compromise on the level of ambition for the rules, and integrating the JSI into the WTO architecture.

E-Commerce, Digital Trade, Joint Statement Initiative (JSI), Development Dimension, North-South Divide, Digital Trade Regulations, Multilateral Trade Agreements, Services Domestic Regulation, Work Program on Electronic Commerce (WPEC)
PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Eustáchio Erica Aleixo , Dos Anjos Alcione Maria da Silva Oliveira , Batista Rosemeri  Liborio Ferreira , Marvila Evelin de Souza Gomes , Da Silva Edilany Bravin , Costa Alessandro Alves , Da Silva Francisco Carlos Souza , Barreto Fabiana Flaviana dos Santos
Published: February 2024

Promoting effective pedagogical strategies is essential to enhance the development of students who face learning challenges. In this context, it is imperative that educators adopt personalized and innovative approaches to create an inclusive environment that meets the individual needs of students. A fundamental strategy is pedagogical differentiation, which involves adapting content, methodology and assessment according to each student's skills and learning styles. This allows the educator to adjust their teaching to ensure that all students have access to the curriculum, regardless of the specific difficulties they may face. Continuous and formative assessment plays a crucial role. It not only provides information about student progress, but also allows for quick adjustments to teaching strategies. This allows educators to early identify areas that require additional attention, offering timely interventions to fill learning gaps. Encouraging active student participation is also a valuable strategy. Involving students in practical activities, collaborative projects and discussions stimulates interest and understanding, making the learning process more meaningful. Furthermore, it provides opportunities to identify and develop each student’s individual skills. Educational technology can be a powerful ally. Digital tools and resources can be customized to meet the specific needs of students with learning disabilities, offering interactive and adaptive activities that make learning more engaging and accessible.The partnership between school and family is a vital component. Maintaining open and constant communication with parents allows you to share information about the student's progress, discuss effective strategies, and involve the family in the educational process.
PENGARUH OPERATING CASH FLOW, SALES GROWTH, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Visky Vernando  , Deliza Henny
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Cash Flow, Sales Growth, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Leverage berpengaruh terhadap Financial Distress dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Penelitian ini meggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan dengan populasi penelitian yaitu perusahaan telekomunikasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode tahun 2019 sampai dengan 2021. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 40 selama periode tahun 2019 sampai dengan 2021. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda dengan moderasi untuk melakukan pengolahan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan institusional dan leverage berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Sedangkan cash flow dan sales growth tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi memperlemah pengaruh leverage dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap financial distress. Profitabilitas tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh cash flow dan sales growth terhadap financial distress.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Sikap Uang Saku dan Kelompok Teman Sebaya Terhadap Periaku Merokok
Authors: Damayanti Yossi Fitria , Hermawan Aan , Dwiani Yasintha Muharrami
Published: February 2024

Merokok telah menjadi hal umum dikalangan remaja yang berdampak pada gangguan kecerdasan dan kemampuan belajar remaja,selain itu merokok juga berdampak pada kesehatan seperti gangguan pernafasan, kerusakan pada gigi, dan penuaan dini. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MAN 14 B Jakarta Timur untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, uang saku, dan kelompokteman sebaya. Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan uji chi-square. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer menggunakan kuesioner secara langsung pada responden. Dari 80 siswa perokok, didapatkan perilaku merokok berat sebanyak 43 (53,8%), perilaku merokok sedang sebanyak 18 (22,5%), dan perilaku merokok ringan sebesar 19 (23,8%), pada pengetahuan didapatkan nilai tertinggi pada pengetahuan rendah sebanyak 35 (43,8%) siswa, pada sikap didapatkan nilai tertinggi pada sikap negatif sebanyak 42 (52,5%) siswa, pada tingginya jumlah uang saku sebanyak 42 (52,5%) siswa, dan pengaruh teman sebaya negatif sebanyak 44 (55%) siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapatdisimpulkan yaitu terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan rendah (p=0,000), sikap (p=0,015), uang saku (p=0,003), dankelompok teman sebaya (p=0,000) terhadap perilaku merokok pada remaja laki-laki kelas X dan XI di MAN 14 B Jakarta TimurTahun 2023.
WAYS TO IDENTIFY A GROUP OF COMPANIES IN RELATION TO VALUE CREATION
Authors: Воронин Н.Д.
Published: February 2024

Целью статьи является предложение инструментов для выявления групп компаний, связанных единым процессом создания экономической ценности. Необходимость выявления таких групп компаний продиктована тем, что де-факто в настоящее время между собой конкурируют не отдельно взятые компании, а преимущественно группы компаний, в результате чего повышение эффективности отдельно взятой компании может не привести к повышению эффективности функционирования цепочки создания ценности (ЦСЦ) в целом. В процессе достижения цели исследования автором рассмотрены наиболее распространенные корпоративные структуры, создаваемые с целью управления ЦСЦ. Показано, что компании, не обладая формально-юридической и фактической аффилированностью, могут находится в экономической зависимости, выступая элементами единой цепи создания ценности. Для идентификации предприятий, являющихся субъектами единых цепей создания ценности, предложен расчет показателя доли вовлеченности как отношения объема поставок (ресурсов) отдельного предприятия по отношению к общему объему поставок (ресурсов) в цепочке. Автором также предложен способ расчета коэффициента замены, который отражает возможность замены одного контрагента на другого без существенного увеличения затрат. Предложенные инструменты позволяют выявлять субъектов, водящих в ЦСЦ, а их практическое применение будет способствовать повышению эффективности корпоративного управления за счет учета потребностей бизнес-единиц, находящихся в зависимых отношениях.
TOOLS FOR INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE GAS INDUSTRY
Authors: Чайковский А.М.
Published: February 2024

Целью статьи является изучение особенностей промышленной политики, которая сегодня выступает одним из самых востребованных инструментов стратегического воздействия государства на экономику. На основании анализа научных источников показано, что несмотря на существующее многообразие подходов, как теоретических, так и методических, к вопросу изучения промышленной политики, следует признать, что отдельныеважные аспекты, касающиеся направлений разработки отраслевой промышленной политики, а также ее инвестиционной составляющей, в настоящее время еще недостаточно исследованы, а потому и возникающие в связи с этим теоретические и практические проблемные области нуждаются в новых решениях и подходах. Вместе с тем, в ходе исследования сделан вывод о необходимости формирования единой государственной отраслевой промышленной политики газовой отрасли, успешность которой во многом определяется наличием современных инструментов ее реализации. Предложено авторское решение по созданию отраслевой интегрированной информационно-телекоммуникационной платформы для газовой отрасли. При наличии такой платформы будет осуществлена более существенная поддержка в реализации промышленной инвестиционной политики газовой отрасли и обеспечен серьезный комплексный подход к применению как нормативно-правовых, так и финансово-экономических методов. Обосновано, что в рамках реализации промышленной политики существенную роль начнут играть и организационно-административные методы.
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN PASTA GIGI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis)
Authors: Irawan Ade , Adiyas Putra Teguh , Taruna Riyan
Published: February 2024

Daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) adalah diantara tanaman obat. Daun sukun mengandung senyawa seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat pasta gigi dari daun sukun. Serbuk daun sukun direndam dalam pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa daun sukun mengandung flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Selanjutnya dilakukan pembuatan sediaan pasta gigi. Kualitas produk pasta gigi jadi dievaluasi (homogenitas, organoleptik, pH, tinggi busa). Hasil evaluasi sediaan pasta gigi dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 3,5% dan 4,5% menunjukkan bahwa uji organoleptik, pH dan homogenitas memenuhi persyaratan standar yang ditetapkan SNI pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 3 0,5% dan 4,5%. tidak memenuhi persyaratan uji kuat busa.
Capitalizing the Demographic dividend of Pakistan-future prospects
Authors:   Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, Yasir Iram
Published: February 2024

Demographic dividend refers to the economic growth and development resulting from a change in the age structure of a country’s population.1 Rapid growth in a country occurs as a consequence of declining fertility, facilitated by low child and infant mortality. A country with younger people and lessoning fertility reaps a ‘demographic dividend’ by increasing productivity and decreasing dependency. With low dependency ratio, governments and people can redirect resources for investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure, creating a virtuous cycle of development, as better education and healthcare can now lead to greater productivity gains.2 The demographic dividend is specifically beneficial for those countries which accelerate their economic development through strategic investments and policies.3 The relationship of economic development and population changes has evolved into an important subject recently. Historically since the Second World War, a demographic shift has been undergoing in developing countries, from high to low rates of mortality and fertility. This transition produced a "boom" generation, that is, a generation larger than those immediately before and after it.4 The East Asian nations were at the forefront of this transition while Latin America, began their transitions afterwards, in the 1960s and 70s. Countries in the Middle East and Africa, have not yet fully begun, or are in the initial stages of this transition.5 Pakistan, like many other countries, stands at a critical juncture where the demographic dividend can either be a transformative force for economic growth or a missed opportunity. Currently, 64 percent of the nation is younger than 30 years of age. Pakistan now has more young people than it has ever had in the past, and predicted to continue to increase till 2050 with many needing jobs. The age distribution of Pakistan's population is heavily skewed towards youth. This presents both opportunities and challenges for the country's future development.6 A favorable age structure alone does not yield the dividend. It does not produce benefit automatically. Just like any opportunity, one must exert effort to realize its advantage. To materialize the dividend, the sizeable young and working-age population must be gainfully employed7. For economic growth, quality education, adequate nutrition and health, and access to sexual and reproductive health must be ensured to younger population. The country faces multifaceted challenges that intersect with the broader themes of the demographic dividend. One of the biggest challenges that Pakistan faces in realizing its demographic dividend is the lack of education.8 According to a recent report, only 58% of Pakistani children go to primary school, and just 28% complete secondary education. This lack of education limits the potential of the workforce and hinders economic growth.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Mahasiswa terhadap Cryptocurrency sebagai Investasi Digital
Authors: Islamiah Ifa Nurul , Julina Julina , Miftah Desrir
Published: February 2024

Pada saat ini mata uang digital (cryptocurrency) telah menjadi fenomena global yang dikenal kebanyakan orang, bank, pemerintah dan banyak perusahaan lainnya belum sadar pentingnya cryptocurrency. Riset ini memiliki tujuan yakni mengkaji apa yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan, potensi penghasilan  mahasiswa terhadap investasi cryptocurrency. Secara khusus cryptocurrency mempunyai dua fungsi yaitu menjadi komoditas serta alat tukar. Dalam riset ini jenis yang dipakai ialah kuantitatif. Data primer ialah sumber yang di pakai dalam riset ini, yaitu data yang diperoleh atau data yang melalui kuesioner. Hasil pada riset yang diperoleh menunjukkan jika nilai pengaruh pengetahuan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat. Pengaruh potensi penghasilan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap minat. Pengaruh yang disignifikan antara pengetahuan dan potensi penghasilan secara simultan terhadap motivasi.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP GKPI Padang Bulan
Authors: Roulina Nainggolan  , E Elvis Napitupulu
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tentang luas kubus dan balok  ditinjau indikator pemecahan masalah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghimpun data-data berupa informasi yang diperoleh dari subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan dengan kata-kata (secara kualitatif) hasil dari analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal tentang luas kubus dan balok. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah instrumen tes dan wawancara, dimana siswa diberikan soal untuk dikerjakan lalu peneliti mengoreksi hasil jawaban siswa dan mengambil 6 orang siswa untuk diwawancarai berdasarkan kategori kelompok tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa siswa dengan kelompok tinggi dapat memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, siswa dengan kelompok sedang hanya dapat memenuhi tiga indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, dan siswa dengan kelompok rendah hanya memenuhi satu indikator kemaampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.
A Multidisciplinary and Trauma-Informed Perspective Approach to Community-Based Support Programs
Authors: Dorst Lauralee , Dodson Dillon , McKee Beverly
Published: February 2024

A report on a pop-up pet support program at Toronto Humane Society designed specifically to provide wellness, behavior and social services to underserved communities. While community wellness is not new to the organization, this program was designed to offer essential veterinary and behavioral services through a trauma-informed lens to individuals experiencing vulnerable housing situations in Toronto, Canada.
The Pursuit of (Idealistic) Love
Authors: Hacaś Paulina
Published: February 2024

This scholarly article seeks to elucidate the protagonist of the television series "The Pursuit of Love" through the prism of the quintessential Byronic heroine. Through empirical evidence, this paper establishes that Linda exhibits attributes inherently aligned with the Byronic archetype, predominantly highlighting her distinct individualism and her defiance against societal conventions. Furthermore, this discourse demonstrates Linda's propensity to be overwhelmingly swayed by deep-seated passions, centralizing her existence around the quest for idyllic romantic affections. This paper underscores the tragic repercussions of Linda's unwavering dedication to this idealistic pursuit of love, wherein she becomes disillusioned by her own romantic aspirations, consequently leading to her alienation from her cherished ones.
Association of body mass index with clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Man , Wei Xun , Zhao Maolin
Published: February 2024

Background: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically examine the relationship between body mass index and major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients and to provide theoretical guidance for body weight management in these patients.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of applicable research published between 2008 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. Extracted odds ratios from the randomized-controlled studies were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Publication bias was addressed through evaluation methods such as funnel plot or sensitivity analysis.

Results: Ten studies with a total of 58,992 individuals were included. The consequences of this meta-analysis confirmed that, compared to normal body mass index, patients with acute coronary syndrome significantly increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio= 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.29, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Patients with acute coronary syndrome being overweight or obese significantly increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to those with normal body mass index. The results suggest that patients may focus on weight management to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome.
Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: Our 30 years of surgical experience and outcomes
Authors: Yogi Sundara Rao Chaganti , Aravind A , Nelam Desai
Published: February 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate our 30 years of surgical experience and outcomes in management of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with various age groups.

Methods: Between March 1992 and August 2022, a total of 21 patients (10 males, 11 females; mean age: 16.3±15.9 years; range, 1 to 64 years) diagnosed with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery who underwent successful surgical repair were retrospectively analyzed. An initial diagnosis was made with two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization and angiography were performed in all our patients.

Results: The median follow-up was five (range, 1 to 14) years. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 43.47±14.30% with associated moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation in seven (33.33%) patients. Coronary button transfer was performed in 15 (71.42%) patients, Takeuchi repair in four (19.04%) patients, and ligation of anomalous left main coronary artery and ligation with great saphenous venous graft in one (4.76%) patient. There was no mortality. However, two (9.52%) patients had prolonged intensive care unit stay (>7 days). At the final follow-up, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction improved to 57.47±4.97%. Regression of moderate mitral regurgitation was observed in four (66.6%) patients.

Conclusion: Preoperative left ventricular function is a major risk factor of perioperative mortality and morbidity. Mitral valve intervention is not warranted concomitantly in patients with moderate mitral regurgitation, if there are no structural lesions. Early diagnosis and meticulous surgical technique can yield excellent results and good long-term outcomes.
The effectiveness of the flip technique in vertical ductal stenting
Authors: Aldudak Bedri , Geter Süleyman , Murat Mehmet
Published: February 2024

Background: In this study, the flip technique was compared with the classical method in terms of procedural success and procedure time during ductal stent implantation (DSI) via the carotid artery in patients whose pulmonary blood flow is dependent on the vertical type of ductus arteriosus (DA).

Methods: Between January 2019 and June 2023, 40 patients (24 males, 16 females; mean age: 15.9±15.4 days; range, 1 to 68 days) with vertical ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation who underwent patent DA stent implantation via the carotid artery were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent the flip technique (Group 1) and those who did not undergo the flip technique (Group 2). Data were retospectively compiled by reviewing patient files and catheter images.

Results: Demographic findings were similar in the groups. The distribution of the DA in terms of tortuosity index was also similar in the groups. The procedure was successful in 18 (90%) patients in Group 1 and 20 (100%) patients in Group 2. There was no procedure-related mortality in both groups. The frequency of procedure-related complications was similar. Procedure duration was 53.6±18.4 min in Group 1 and 41.5±9.1 min in Group 2; the difference was significantly lower in Group 2 (p=0.028). The shorter follow-up in Group 2 was attributed to the flip method starting to be used later in the clinic. During follow-up, stent dilatation was required in two patients in Group 1 and one patient in Group 2, and a second stent implantation was needed in one patient in Group 2. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of reintervention.

Conclusion: The success rate of DSI using the carotid artery access is high with both the classical and the flip method in patients with vertical DA. However, the use of the flip technique could be preferred in terms of operator habituation, ergonomic use of the catheter, guidewires, and shorter procedure time.
Guidelines For Improving an Event Tourism Product
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Yancheva Krasimira
Published: February 2024

This article examines EVENT tourism as a specialized type that has seen rapid development in recent years, not only globally, but also in Bulgaria. However, the successful implementation and realization of its product is associated with the knowledge of a number of features and effective management of the destination for events. In this regard, the author's aspiration is to derive and systematize the guidelines for improving the event offer, following the example of the Saint Constantine and Helena resort.
Perceptions About Neighbouring Countries - Evidence from Bulgaria
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Kamdzhalov Miroslav , Bogdanov Hristosko ,   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Angelova Petya ,   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Marinov Georgi ,   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Published: February 2024

Perceptions about various countries reverberate in attitudes about products, migration and investments originating from the respective countries, as well as in changes in demand for products, migration and investments. In our study we analyse the changes eventuated in the recent couple of years, extending several studies from previous periods. We apply the psychosemantics approach and the repertory grid as the main research methodology. The countries in focus are the neighbouring Balkan countries, as well as the two big European ones - Russia and Germany. Using correspondence analysis, we compare results from two samples from 2021 and 2023. Discovered is a major change in perceptions about Russia, accompanied with certain shifts in the composition of the main factors. We interpret these changes as reflecting some substantial changes in the political sentiments of Bulgarian society.
Empathy Within Intergenerational and Intragenerational Equity Through Tourism Education
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Popova Katina
Published: February 2024

The three sustainable development pillars inevitably raise the question of what kind of environment children will live and learn in. The answer largely depends on the method and influence of education in the life of modern society. The type and format of teaching that we provide to the youth today will create and shape their way of life in the next decades, i.e. whether in the future they will be good people, conscientious citizens and successful leaders depends on us now. Tourism has not only a significant economic role, but today it is also a social factor of integral importance for the formation of tolerance and understanding between societies. Moreover, today its dimensions are extremely diverse and wide-ranging, so education related to it requires new scientific approaches and special ways of communication based on personal example, social inclusion and empathy. The present study reveals the systematic relation of empathy and education within the concepts of intergenerational and intragenerational equity through tourism learning. Based on the theoretical reflection of specific characteristics of those concepts a conceptual model is proposed accounting for inclusion of tourism education in the governance of the social environment.
Current Threats and Risks to Health Tourism in Bulgaria
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Arsova Teodora
Published: February 2024

Over the last decade, modern society and various economic actors have faced risky instabilities, trials and challenges due to increasing globalization and the emergence of various global crises. Considering the last five years to date, management in the tourism sector is by no means immune from the unexpected threats, economic and health crises that continue to negatively impact all processes and future business development prospects. The need for the emergence of a new economic concept of risk and its management has been identified as urgent. The rapid development of tourism in the country and the absence of an adequate risk management strategy lead to the emergence of a number of undesirable consequences, aggravation of existing problems and generation of numerous adverse trends in the tourism and hotel industry in the country. The object of the study is health tourism in the hospitality industry in Bulgaria. The hotel product is complex, designed to satisfy the needs of guests. Composed of different elements, this paper focuses and analyses the complementary product, which with its service complements and enriches the final needs and satisfaction of the customer. Medical Spa Centres, as the subject of the study, are an example of a pulling force in the choice of a destination in health tourism. They improve economic growth, industry competitiveness and stimulate tourism consumption. The processes in the Medical Spa Centers are strongly influenced by the surrounding external and internal environment, working together under the wing of the hotel complex. Respectively, they increase the valuation of the economic entity, contribute to higher financial performance and at the same time satisfy various human needs of a health and wellness nature. The role and importance of Medical Spas has been proven in the development of the hotel product, therefore the need to implement strategic management approaches to address risk and unexpected threats should be analyzed. The methodology is based on a systematic approach and on different research methods, including: theory, publications, analysis and systematization. The empirical research was conducted through in-depth interview with managers of hotel complexes with Medical Spa centers to identify threats and risks typical for health tourism, and ways to overcome them in their organization with actual management measures. The last part of this paper analyzes the application of a model risk management system for a hotel tourism enterprise and the need to implement such a standard in our country.
The Educational Role of the Academic Library
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Doneva Yana , Angelova Vyara ,   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Published: February 2024

The dynamic flow of information and rapidly developing technologies have a significant impact on today's knowledge society. Following the trends in technology and user behavior, libraries as part of this community are also changing. They are transforming the way they gather information, their architectural environment, and the services they offer. Thus, from guardians of knowledge, they are becoming centers of learning. Their passivity remains in the past and they are on the path of active communication with readers, combined with digitization. The subject of the article is the academic library of the University of Economics - Varna, and the topic of research is the direction of transition as a result of the changing environment. The aim is to trace the opportunities and services that the institution provides to its readers and the prospects for development.
Developing Tourism in Vietnam Under the Trend of Green Growth and Green Investment
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, Hien Le Thi Hu
Published: February 2024

The global tourism industry is waking up to the risks of environmental pollution caused by tourism activities. Therefore, Green Tourism is becoming an important and attractive trend, and it is also an opportunity to protect natural resources, maintain environmental balance and promote sustainable development. Vietnam, with its amazing natural beauty and unique cultural heritage, has great potential to develop green tourism. However, to achieve this goal, Vietnam needs to face challenges and have the right solutions. The article focuses on evaluating the current status of green tourism in Vietnam, highlighting the advantages and limitations that exist in the development process, from which the author proposes some to promote tourism development towards green investment, green growth and sustainability.
Association of polymorphisms of IGF1 promoter with growth and fertility performance in PB1 parent line of broiler chicken variety
Authors: NAIK SWAYAMPRABHA , DASH SHAKTI KANT , ARORA JASPREET SINGH , DUBEY PREM PRAKASH , SAHOO SAROJ KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Blood samples from 180 birds pertaining to a single generation of PB1 parent line were collected for present study. The birds were raised under standard management and different growth variables were recorded up to 20 weeks of age. Age at first egg and egg production till 40 weeks of age was recorded in females. PCR-RFLP analysis was used to screen individuals with polymorphisms in IGF1 promoter region and three genotypes AA, AC and CC were identified at frequencies of 0.79, 0.18 and 0.03, respectively. CC homozygotes were lower with respect to their performance in growth and fertility traits. Sequencing results of both alleles revealed T244G transversion mutation in the C allele. Gene regulation analysis confirmed that such transversion resulted in non-binding of Oct-1 transcription factor at 241 to 250 bp in C allele, causing down regulation of the gene. The mutations in the promoter sequence affected the transcriptional gene regulation affecting growth and fertility performance.
Text-to-Image Generation using Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Jamdagni Chitvan , Sharma Vasu , Goyal Jatin , h Divyans , Reddy Baddam Nikhil Kumar , Thakur Payal
Published: February 2024

A deep learning model called Text-to-Image Creation with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) can generate images from text descriptions. A wide range of applications, including photo-searching, photo-editing, art creation, computer-aided design, image reconstruction, captioning, and portrait drawing, are among the several study fields that it has a significant impact on. Producing realistic visuals consistently under predetermined settings is the most difficult endeavor. Current text-to-image creation algorithms produce images that don't accurately reflect the text. The Caltech-UCSD Birds-200-2011 dataset was used to train the suggested model, and an inception score and PSNR were used to assess its performance. Stage-I and Stage-II make up the proposed StackGAN paradigm. Based on the input written description, Stage-I GAN generates low-resolution images by the method of roughing out the basic shape and colors of the object. By using the Stage-I results and textual descriptions as inputs, together with defect detection and detail addition, Stage-II GAN creates high-resolution and photo-realistic images with fine details.