bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous lipid binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a native membrane
Authors: Sharp Liam , Brannigan Grace
Published: May 2021

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and other pentameric ligand-gated ion channels are native to neuronal membranes with an unusual lipid composition. While it is well-established that these receptors can be significantly modulated by lipids, the underlying mechanisms have been primarily studied in model membranes with few lipid species. Here, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to probe specific binding of lipids in a complex quasi-neuronal membrane. We ran a total of 50 μs of simulations of a single nAChR in a membrane composed of 36 species of lipids. Competition between multiple lipid species produces a complex distribution. We find that overall, cholesterol selects for concave inter-subunit sites and polyunsaturated fatty acids select for convex M4 sites, while monounsaturated and saturated lipids are unenriched in the nAChR boundary. We propose the “density-threshold affinity” as a metric calculated from continuous density distributions, which reduces to a standard affinity in two-state binding. We find that the density-threshold affinity for M4 weakens with chain rigidity, which suggests that flexible chains may help relax packing defects caused by the conical protein shape. For any site, PE headgroups have the strongest affinity of all phospholipid headgroups, but anionic lipids still yield moderately high affinities for the M4 sites as expected. We observe cooperative effects between anionic headgroups and saturated chains at the M4 site in the inner leaflet. We also analyze affinities for individual anionic headgroups. When combined, these insights may reconcile several apparently contradictory experiments on the role of anionic phospholipids in modulating nAChR.
Entropy generation minimization in bio-convective flow of nanofluid with activation energy and gyrotactic micro-organisms
Authors: Haq Fazal , Saleem Muzher , Khan M. Ijaz , Elmasry Yasser , Chinram Ronnason
Published: May 2021

This article addresses the entropy generation in mixed convection magnetohydrodynamics Eyring–Powell nanofluid flow toward a permeable surface of a cylinder. The flow is modeled considering heat generation and chemical reaction aspects. The influence of buoyancy forces, magnetic field, and thermal radiation is also considered. Moreover, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and permeability effects on bio-nanofluid flow are assimilated in modeling of concentration and energy relations. Total entropy generation is modeled in view of the second thermodynamics law. The governing system of PDEs is deduced by incorporating boundary layer assumptions. Relevant transformations are used to reduce the dimensional flow model into a non-dimensional one. The built-in shooting technique and the NDSolve code in Mathematica software are used to handle the dimensionless flow expressions. Variation in velocity, temperature, concentration, motile micro-organisms, Bejan number, and entropy generation with respect to the involved parameters is scrutinized graphically. Surface drag force, heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, and density number are further calculated and investigated. Important results are summarized at the end.
Supersonic mode in a low-enthalpy hypersonic flow over a cone and wave packet interference
Authors: Haley Christopher , Zhong Xiaolin
Published: May 2021

A computational fluid dynamics study is conducted in which acoustic-like waves are observed emanating from the boundary layer of a Mach 8 slender blunt cone with a relatively low freestream enthalpy and a warm wall. The acoustic-like wave emissions are qualitatively similar to those attributed to the supersonic mode. However, the supersonic mode responsible for such emissions is often found in high-enthalpy flows with highly cooled walls, making its appearance here unexpected. Linear stability analysis on the steady-state solution reveals an unstable mode S (Mack's second mode) with a subsonic phase velocity and a stable mode F whose mode F- branch takes on a supersonic phase velocity. It is thought that the stable supersonic mode F- is responsible for the acoustic-like wave emissions. Unsteady simulations are carried out using blowing-suction actuators at two different surface locations. The analysis of the temporal data and spectral data using Fourier decomposition reveals constructive/destructive interference occurring between a primary wave packet and a satellite wave packet in the vicinity of the acoustic-like wave emissions. The constructive/destructive interference between the wave packets also appears to have a damping effect on individual frequency growth in both unsteady simulations. Based on this study's results and analysis, it is concluded that a supersonic discrete mode is not limited to high-enthalpy, cold wall flows and that it does appear in low-enthalpy, warm-wall flows; however, the mode is stable.
The orbital picture of the first dipole hyperpolarizability from many-body response theory
Authors: Nanda Kaushik D. , Krylov Anna I.
Published: May 2021

We present an approach for obtaining a molecular orbital picture of the first dipole hyperpolarizability (β) from correlated many-body electronic structure methods. Ab initio calculations of β rely on quadratic response theory, which recasts the sum-over-all-states expression of β into a closed-form expression by calculating a handful of first- and second-order response states; for resonantly enhanced β, damped response theory is used. These response states are then used to construct second-order response reduced one-particle density matrices (1PDMs), which, upon visualization in terms of natural orbitals (NOs), facilitate a rigorous and black-box mapping of the underlying electronic structure with β. We explain the interpretation of different components of the response 1PDMs and the corresponding NOs within both the undamped and damped response theory framework. We illustrate the utility of this new tool by deconstructing β for cis-difluoroethene, para-nitroaniline, and hemibonded OH· + H2O complex, computed within the framework of coupled-cluster singles and doubles response theory, in terms of the underlying response 1PDMs and NOs for a range of frequencies.
Emissivity-compensated radiation thermometry method using a concave mirror
Authors: Terada D. , Iuchi T.
Published: May 2021

In this work, a method to simultaneously measure the temperature and emissivity of any specimen, including metals and semiconductor materials, was developed using a concave mirror and a polarized radiometer. The ratio of the enhanced radiance after reflection off the mirror to the original radiance of a specimen allowed for emissivity determination in the range 0.1–0.9, with a variation of 8%. The combined standard uncertainty, uc, of the temperature measurement by the current method is estimated to be 6.0 K at a temperature of 800 K. This was realized via classification of the parameter α into only three categories that were closely related to the surface roughness. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the polarized spectral radiance measurements were carried out at a zenith angle of 75°, which contributed significantly to the success of this method.
Pathogenic potential assessment of the Shiga toxin–producing
Escherichia coli
by a source attribution–considered machine learning model
Authors: Im Hanhyeok , Hwang Seung-Ho , Kim Byoung Sik , Choi Sang Ho
Published: May 2021

Significance

Outbreaks of newly emerging pathogens have posed serious threats to public health. Here, we developed a machine learning (ML) model to evaluate the pathogenic potential of the Shiga toxin–producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) isolates using their whole-genome sequencing data. The developed ML model using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, the SVM model, correctly estimated the pathogenic potentials of the previous outbreak isolates. The SVM model was also more reliable and widely applicable to predict the pathogenicity of STEC than the conventional assessment methods. Permutation importance analyses further identified the genes potentially associated with the pathogenicity of STEC. This ML-based approach will be a promising assessment method to identify the risk of newly emerging pathogens.
Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe
Authors: Su Wenbing , Jing Yi , Lin Shoukai , Yue Zhen , Yang Xianghui , Xu Jiabao , Wu Jincheng , Zhang Zhike , Xia Rui , Zhu Jiaojiao , An Ning , Chen Haixin , Hong Yanping , Yuan Yuan , Long Ting , Zhang Ling , Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Zongli , Zhang Hailan , Gao Yongshun , Liu Yuexue , Lin Hailan , Wang Huicong , Yant Levi , Lin Shunquan , Liu Zhenhua
Published: May 2021

Significance

Plants are a primary source of both traditional and modern drugs due to their astounding capability to synthesize diverse molecules. The fruit tree loquat in the apple tribe has been long used in medicine to treat cough, chronic bronchitis, and asthma, yet why loquat—but not its relatives—evolved these medicinal properties is unknown. Here, we generate high-quality genomes of loquat and a relative, which are separated by a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) around 13.5 to 27.1 Mya. We revealed the post-WGD diversification of triterpene biosynthesis and the exceptionally high levels of bioactive ursane-type triterpenes specifically in loquat. Our work underscores the importance of WGD-associated metabolic diversification underlying the bioactivity of some medicinal plants.
Comment on ‘Acceleration of a ball down an inclined plane’
Authors: Mungan Carl E
Published: May 2021

Rod Cross (Phys. Educ.
56 035017) has investigated the translational and angular accelerations of a rigid body rolling down a ramp inclined at angle Θ relative to the horizontal. The transition from rolling without slipping to rolling with slipping is explicitly included. Experimental results (obtained by digitizing movies of the motion of the object with reference lines drawn on it) are plotted as a function of Θ varying from 10° to 60° in 10° steps. In this Comment, the theoretical predictions for these accelerations are graphed over the continuous range of angles from 0° to 90°. The resulting curves have some features that are not visible in the experimental data.
Laplace transform collocation and Daftar-Gejii-Jafaris method for fractional order time varying linear dynamical systems
Authors: Modanli Mahmut
Published: May 2021

In this article, the fractional order time-varying linear dynamical system defined by Caputo derivative is investigated. Laplace transform collocation method (LTCM) and Daftar-Gejii-Jafaris method (DGJM) are used to find the approximation solution of this equation. Using the Laplace transform collocation method, a new form of trial function from the original equation is presented. The unknown coefficients in the trial functions are calculated by using collocation method. LTCM gives a good result for the numerical solution of this equation. Providing DGJM converges, it is shown that obtained approximate solution is effective which is close to the exact solution. Then, the exact solution is compared with these approximate solutions. The results showed that the methods are effective and useful. These methods produced better approximations than the ones produced with the standard weighted residual methods.
The Simons Observatory: gain, bandpass and polarization-angle calibration requirements for B-mode searches
Authors: Abitbol Maximilian H. , Alonso David , Simon Sara M. , Lashner Jack , Crowley Kevin T. , Ali Aamir M. , Azzoni Susanna , Baccigalupi Carlo , Barron Darcy , Brown Michael L. , Calabrese Erminia , Carron Julien , Chinone Yuji , Chluba Jens , Coppi Gabriele , Crowley Kevin D. , Devlin Mark , Dunkley Jo , Errard Josquin , Fanfani Valentina , Galitzki Nicholas , Gerbino Martina , Hill J. Colin , Johnson Bradley R. , Jost Baptiste , Keating Brian , Krachmalnicoff Nicoletta , Kusaka Akito , Lee Adrian T. , Louis Thibaut , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , McCarrick Heather , McMahon Jeffrey , Meerburg P. Daniel , Nati Federico , Nishino Haruki , Page Lyman A. , Poletti Davide , Puglisi Giuseppe , Randall Michael J. , Rotti Aditya , Spisak Jacob , Suzuki Aritoki , Teply Grant P. , Vergès Clara , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei , Zannoni Mario
Published: May 2021

We quantify the calibration requirements for systematic uncertainties for next-generation ground-based observatories targeting the large-angle B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, with a focus on the Simons Observatory (SO). We explore uncertainties on gain calibration, bandpass center frequencies, and polarization angles, including the frequency variation of the latter across the bandpass. We find that gain calibration and bandpass center frequencies must be known to percent levels or less to avoid biases on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r on the order of Δ r∼10-3, in line with previous findings. Polarization angles must be calibrated to the level of a few tenths of a degree, while their frequency variation between the edges of the band must be known to O(10) degrees. Given the tightness of these calibration requirements, we explore the level to which residual uncertainties on these systematics would affect the final constraints on r if included in the data model and marginalized over. We find that the additional parameter freedom does not degrade the final constraints on r significantly, broadening the error bar by O(10%) at most. We validate these results by reanalyzing the latest publicly available data from the collaboration within an extended parameter space covering both cosmological, foreground and systematic parameters. Finally, our results are discussed in light of the instrument design and calibration studies carried out within SO.
Coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy of nanodiamond–lysozyme interactions in water
Authors: Laptinskiy Kirill A , Burikov Sergey A , Vervald Alexey M , Dolenko Tatiana A
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the interactions of oxidized nanodiamonds with lysozyme in water. It was found that lysozyme is actively adsorbed on the surface of nanodiamonds in two layers. For the first time, using the CARS method, it was found that the conformation of lysozyme molecules in the first adsorption layer changes, and the conformation of molecules adsorbed in the second layer almost coincides with the conformation of free lysozyme molecules. The obtained results and the analysis of the literature data concerning the activity of lysozyme allowed us to conclude that lysozyme in the first adsorption layer mainly loses its enzymatic activity, and in the second—retains it.
Nonlinear dynamical stability of gap solitons in Bose–Einstein condensate loaded in a deformed honeycomb optical lattice*
Authors: Meng Hongjuan , Zhou Yushan , Ren Xueping , Wan Xiaohuan , Zhang Juan , Wang Jing , Fan Xiaobei , Wang Wenyuan , Shi Yuren
Published: May 2021

We investigate the existence and dynamical stability of multipole gap solitons in Bose–Einstein condensate loaded in a deformed honeycomb optical lattice. Honeycomb lattices possess a unique band structure, the first and second bands intersect at a set of so-called Dirac points. Deformation can result in the merging and disappearance of the Dirac points, and support the gap solitons. We find that the two-dimensional honeycomb optical lattices admit multipole gap solitons. These multipoles can have their bright solitary structures being in-phase or out-of-phase. We also investigate the linear stabilities and nonlinear stabilities of these gap solitons. These results have applications of the localized structures in nonlinear optics, and may helpful for exploiting topological properties of a deformed lattice.
Strain-tuned magnetic properties in (Ga,Fe)Sb: First-principles study*
Authors: Pan Feng-Chun , Lin Xue-Ling , Wang Xu-Ming
Published: May 2021

In view of the importance of enhancing ferromagnetic (FM) coupling in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), the effects of strain on the electronic structures and magnetic properties of (Ga,Fe)Sb were examined by a first-principles study. The results of the investigation indicate that FeGa substitution takes place in the low-spin state (LSS) with a total magnetic moment of 1μ
B in the strain range of –3% to 0.5%, which transitions to the high-spin state (HSS) with a total magnetic moment of 5μ
B as the strain changes from 0.6% to 3%. We attribute the changes in the amount and distribution of the total moment to the influence of the crystal field under different strains. The FM coupling is strongest under a strain of about 0.5%, but gradually becomes weaker with increasing compressive and tensile strains. The magnetic coupling mechanism is discussed in detail. Our results highlight the important contribution of strain to magnetic moment and FM interaction intensity, and present an interesting avenue for the future design of high Curie temperature (T
C) materials in the (Ga,Fe)Sb system.
Neuromodulation using electroosmosis
Authors: Kare Sai Siva , Rountree Corey M , Troy John B , Finan John D , Saggere Laxman
Published: May 2021

Objective. Our laboratory has proposed chemical stimulation of retinal neurons using exogenous glutamate as a biomimetic strategy for treating vision loss caused by photoreceptor (PR) degenerative diseases. Although our previous in-vitro studies using pneumatic actuation indicate that chemical retinal stimulation is achievable, an actuation technology that is amenable to microfabrication, as needed for an in-vivo implantable device, has yet to be realized. In this study, we sought to evaluate electroosmotic flow (EOF) as a mechanism for delivering small quantities of glutamate to the retina. EOF has great potential for miniaturization. Approach. An EOF device to dispense small quantities of glutamate was constructed and its ability to drive retinal output tested in an in-vitro preparation of PR degenerate rat retina. Main results. We built and tested an EOF microfluidic system, with 3D printed and off-the-shelf components, capable of injecting small volumes of glutamate in a pulsatile fashion when a low voltage control signal was applied. With this device, we produced excitatory and inhibitory spike rate responses in PR degenerate rat retinae. Glutamate evoked spike rate responses were also observed to be voltage-dependent and localized to the site of injection. Significance. The EOF device performed similarly to a previously tested conventional pneumatic microinjector as a means of chemically stimulating the retina while eliminating the moving plunger of the pneumatic microinjector that would be difficult to miniaturize and parallelize. Although not implantable, the prototype device presented here as a proof of concept indicates that a retinal prosthetic based on EOF-driven chemical stimulation is a viable and worthwhile goal. EOF should have similar advantages for controlled dispensing of charged neurochemicals at any neural interface.
ANN Back Propagation in forecasting and policy analysis on family planning programs: A case study in NTB Province
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Supriyanto E E , Septyanun N , Harun R R , Islahudin  , Apriansyah D , Saputra E
Published: May 2021

Various government programs and policies are aimed at improving the welfare of the community. One of them is implementing a family planning program to suppress high population growth. The research aims to implement the artificial neural network architecture of the Back Propagation method of two hidden layers to see an increase in active users of the family planning program on three types of programs namely implants, injections, and pills. The data used include family planning data of ten districts in NTB province consisting of 165 input data. Predicted results showed that the best architecture with an accuracy rate of 99.21%, obtained by the value of learning rate of 0.8, the activation function of each layer is logsig, and the training method is TRAINRP. Besides, obtained information that the average decline in the user type of pills in each district/city. While in other types there is an increase of 8% on Lombok Island, while on Sumbawa Island amounted to 50%.
Learning points, lines, and plane geometry with Hawgent dynamic mathematics software
Authors: Pereira J , Wijaya T T , Zhou Y , Purnama A
Published: May 2021

Geometry is any shape seen as a set of specific set points, while a plane means a collection of all lines. In mathematics, points, line, and planes geometry is complicated for students to understand a basic concept. This research aims to help teachers explain the concepts of points, lines, and planes and help students understand the basic concepts of points, lines, and planes with Hawgent dynamic mathematics software. The method used in this research is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The evaluation results of media expert were 82.77%, and material expert was 84.17%. The result of the implementation is a positive response from students when learning mathematics uses Hawgent dynamic mathematics software in the classroom and also a positive response from the teacher towards learning media of Hawgent dynamic mathematics software. In further research, elementary school materials can be developed using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software or other dynamic mathematics software to increase students’ interest in learning and make students more active in teaching and learning activities.
Analysis toward learning obstacles of junior high school students on the topic of direct and inverse proportion
Authors: Bintara I A , Suhendra
Published: May 2021

Direct and inverse proportion are the basic topics which need to be comprehended by students because they both will be used in discussing more advanced mathematics topics. However, many students still have obstacles in learning these topics. This study aims to identify and analyze students’ learning obstacles on the topic of direct and inverse proportion. This study used qualitative research approach with phenomenological design and involved thirty 8th grade students. The data were collected using triangulation which employed test, interview, and document analysis. The results showed that students faced learning obstacles, which are inability to follow learning demands on the basic concept of ratio, multiplication concept in proportion, and direct proportion concept on algebraic equations (ontogenic obstacle), students are hampered by the presentation of direct and inverse proportion material is not considered well and not facilitate student-centered learning (didactical obstacle), and inability to use direct and inverse proportion concept in the context of graphs, algebraic equations, and non-routine questions (epistemological obstacle). These obstacles should be considered when developing a more optimal didactical design.
Dynamic monitoring of bridges: accelerometer Vs microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S)
Authors: Maizuar  , Akbar S J
Published: May 2021

Dynamic monitoring of bridge structures require an innovative technique which could potentially be used for rapid damage assessment and provide reliable information. This paper presents a comparison study on bridge dynamic monitoring using accelerometer and microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S) for bridge health assessment. In particular, this study describes the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement used in the recent studies. The results of study will provide preliminary information for selecting of the appropriate methods related to dynamic monitoring of bridges.
The effectiveness of implementing project-based learning (PjBL) model in STEM education: A literature review
Authors: Diana N , Yohannes  , Sukma Y
Published: May 2021

STEM education is one of the latest learning approaches, particularly in Indonesia. STEM integrates four scopes of studies including Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. STEM approach requires an appropriate learning model in order to achieve the effectiveness of learning objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness aspects of implementing PjBL learning model in STEM education. This study was conducted by analysing journals examined the effectiveness of the application of PjBL learning model in STEM education. The syntax in the PjBL which includes planning, creating, processing, and evaluating has similarities with the steps in implementing STEM learning. As a form of integration of the four fields of study or a combination of several fields, STEM learning was applied to overcome contextual problems through designing, executing (processing), and evaluating. The effectiveness of using the PjBL learning model in STEM education is generally supported by its characteristics. Based on the review of seven journals that link PjBL and STEM, it is known that PjBL is one of the learning models which is significantly appropriate to be implemented in STEM education to increase the effectiveness of this approach.
The effectiveness of STEM approach on students’ critical thinking ability in the topic of fluid statics
Authors: Parno  , Supriana E , Widarti A N , Ali M
Published: May 2021

Critical thinking is a skill which ranks first in STEM activity in the 21st century learning, whereas research about the effectiveness of STEM approach implementation to increase students’ critical thinking ability (CTA) is still limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness between 7E LC and STEM-Based 7E LC models on increasing students’ CTA in the material of Fluid Statics with a quasi-experiment research and Pre- and Post-test Design. The subject of the research was senior high school students in Malang, Indonesia, which was distributed in Experiment (STEM-LC) and Comparison (LC) classes. The Experiment class planned, made, and tested 2 engineering products, namely a miniature of hydraulic lift and submarine. Critical Thinking Skills Test instrument was used with the alpha Cronbach reliability of 0.94. The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, N-gain, Mann-Whitney U test, ANCOVA, and effect size. This research found that both models were effective in building students’ CTA. Furthermore, the enhancement in students’ skill was affected by the different initial state and the different treatment of learning. However, both are independent of each other. STEM-LC model resulted in significantly better CTA in students than LC model. However, STEM-LC model was more effective than LC. The field practice of the STEM-LC method had a medium impact than the LC method in increasing students’ ability.
Smartphone microscope based on the STEM approach as a practicum tool to improve students’ scientific attitudes on Animalia
Authors: Samsuar S , Artika W , Sarong M A , Rahmatan H , Pada AUT
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the scientific attitude and its relationship to the student learning outcomes of Animalia using a smartphone microscope based on the STEM approach as a practicum tool. This research is a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental (Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design) and descriptive method. The scientific attitude was measured by the observation sheet and multiple-choice tests (pretest-posttest) to measure the learning outcomes. The study population was all Year 10 students at SMAN 1 Woyla, Aceh, Indonesia. The samples, class X MIA1, and X MIA2, were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Data of scientific attitudes were analyzed using quantitative descriptive through the percentage formula, and correlation and regression tests were conducted to analyze the relation between scientific attitudes and learning outcomes. The results showed that the scientific attitudes of the two classes were in the very high category (experimental class: 94.8%, control class: 95.1%). The results of the correlation test of scientific attitudes towards learning outcomes revealed rcount (0.346)> rtable (0.254), indicating a positive effect. The regression test results showed the R2 of 0.120, indicating that scientific attitudes explained the variance of learning outcomes by 12.0%.
Productive Structural Geology in Volcanogenic System: A case study of Lumut Balai Geothermal Field, Indonesia
Authors: Nurseto Sapto Trianggo , Julia Satriani R A , Thamrin Mochamad Husni , Suryantini N
Published: May 2021

Lumut Balai is geothermal field that occurs in the caldera system, named Lumut Tua Caldera, approximately 9 km in diameter. Located in Penindaian Village, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. Lumut Balai is one of the fields operated by Pertamina Geothermal Energy. The volcanism in Lumut Balai is closely related to the Sumatra Fault Systems activity. Surface data such as outcrops provide information regarding lithology, alteration type, and geological structures, while manifestations provide fluid geochemistry data. Subsurface data are acquired from rock cuttings and core samples (which are then further analyzed through petrographic analysis and XRD analysis), drilling parameters, and borehole image logging. These provide information and interpretation of subsurface geological conditions such as lithology distribution, alteration distribution, reservoir zone, heat source, and permeability. The methods above result in an interpretation of the Lumut Balai geological model. Lumut Balai is a geothermal system located within the Lumut Balai caldera, composed of andesite, andesite breccia, basaltic andesite, basalt, limestone, meta-sediment, tuff, and tuff breccia which are all altered to certain extents. There are five stratigraphic units, starting from the oldest to youngest are Tertiary Basement Unit, Pre-Old Lumut Unit, Pre-Caldera Unit, Caldera Unit, and Post-Caldera Unit. Alteration zones in Lumut Balai could be classified into smectite+chlorite zone, silica+chlorite zone, and chlorite+epidote zone. Productive faults in Lumut Balai are Air Ringkih Fault with NE-SW trend, Air Udangan Fault trending NE-SW, Lumut Tua Caldera and Gemurah Besar which trends N-S. This study aims to confirm the productive geological structure in Lumut Balai and gives better understanding for future field development, such as well targeting for makeup wells and reservoir simulation.
Comparative study between cow and goat milk yogurt based on composition and sensory evaluation
Authors: Ibrahim A , Naufalin R , Muryatmo E , Dwiyanti H
Published: May 2021

This present investigation aimed to compare between cow and goat yogurt based on compositions, physicochemical and sensory properties. The Association of Official Analytical Chemistry International and Indonesian National Standards were used to analyze the parameters of yogurt samples. One-way ANOVA was achieved to assess the variance between data by Microsoft Excel. Yogurt was made from different fresh milk samples; cow and goat milk. Thees results shown there were no significant differences between cow and goat yogurt on fat values were 2.02, 2.10%, ash values were 0.39, 0.59 and in viscosities values were 47.18 and 47,65 respectively. On the other side there were significant differences on total solids were 12.82 and 14.5%, protein content was 2.89 and 3.185%, and pH was 4.56 and 4.34, respectively. The results from this study concluded that goat yogurt had the best physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics comparable with cow yogurt.
Induce resistance of rice plants against bacterial leaf blight by using salicylic acid application
Authors: Suharti W S , Leana N W A
Published: May 2021

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a disease that can cause yield loss in rice plants. Control efforts can be carried out by increasing the resistance of plants to pathogenic infections by using elicitors in the form of salicylic acid compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of salicylic acid application to the rice resistance against BLB disease. The research was carried out experimentally in planta in a screen house. The study consisted of pathogen inoculation and salicylic acid treatment with various concentrations (5, 10, 15 mM). The variables observed were pathogenicity, biochemical plant resistance, structural plant resistance, and plant growth. The results showed that there was a suppression of BLB disease intensity in rice infected byX. oryzaedue to salicylic acid application. Exogenous salicylic acid correlated with the biochemical resistance increased, especially tannins and phenols, and structural resistance in the form of epidermal thickness and the number of stomata. However, salicylic acid does not affect the growth of rice plants.
Nutrient digestibility, intake rate, and performance of Indonesian native cattle breeds fed rice straw ammoniation and concentrate
Authors: Bata Muhamad , Rahayu Sri , Aris Rimbawanto Efka
Published: May 2021

Native beef cattle breeds in Indonesia such as Bali Timor (BT), Bali Flores (BF), Madura (M), and Sumba Ongole (SO) come from different regions with different types of feed because of the different environmental ecosystems. This situation results in native cattle breeds having different microbial compositions and functions. The purpose of this study was to find native cattle breeds fed ammoniated rice straw and concentrate having the highest productivity and feed efficiency. The material used was four native beef cattle breeds with a weight of 210-250 kg and age of 3.5-3.7 years. There were ten for each native cattle and they were fed concentrate and ammoniated rice straw. The amount of concentrate fed was 2% of body weight, while ammoniated rice straw was prepared ad libitum. Randomized Block Design with an initial body weight of cattle as a group was used in this research. Covariance analysis showed that the breed of native cattle had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), acid detergent fiber (DADF) and gross energy (DGE). BF cattle were higher (P <0.05) in nutrient digestibility compared to the other three local cattle breeds and among the three breeds had relatively similar (P > 0.05). In contrast to nutrient digestibility, ADG of SO and M cattle were higher (P < 0.05) followed by BF and BT cattle, respectively. The FC of BT and BF cattle were similar (P > 0.05), but it was high (P < 0.05) compared to M and SO cattle. The conclusion is SO and M cattle have good ability when fattened using ammoniated rice straw and concentrate.
Functional properties of hydrothermally modified lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) starch
Authors: Ayuningtyas Laksmi Putri , Benita Ashri Mukti , Triastuti Desy
Published: May 2021

Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is a potential starch source that can be found easily in Indonesia but has limitations in its application due to its characteristics. For this reason, native lesser yam starch was modified to improve its functional properties. The hydrothermal modification was chosen because it is safe and environmentally friendly. The hydrothermal modifications used in this research were Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Annealing (ANN). This work aims to increase the use of local tubers as an alternative starch source and to study the effect of hydrothermal modification on the functional properties of lesser yam starch such as swelling power, solubility, and freeze-thaw stability. HMT was carried out using 3 moisture levels (20%, 25%, 30%) and 3 heating time levels (4h, 8h, 16h). ANN using 3 starch and water ratio levels (1:2; 1:3; 1:5) and 3 heating time levels (6h, 8h, 10h). The results indicated that swelling power and solubility decreased with the increasing moisture level in HMT and ANN in general, but have various effects in syneresis depend on moisture level and heating time. HMT modified starch prepared at 25% moisture level and 4h heating time and ANN modified starch prepared at starch: water ratio 1:3 and heating time 10h is concluded to be the best choice for food product application especially thermally stable need food product.
Extraction time optimization of antibacterial activities of kecombrang flower extract with microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method
Authors: Naufalin R , Erminawati  , Herliya N , Latifasari N
Published: May 2021

Kecombrang belongs to the Zingiberaceae group and is a type of spice plant that has long been used as a cooking ingredient. This research was conducted to determine the effect of optimal power and extraction time on the antibacterial activity of kecombrang flower extract using the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method. This research is an experimental research type with the experimental design used is Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) using the Design Expert application ver 10. The factors studied were the extraction power with 3 levels, namely 200, 250, 300 watts and extraction time consisting of 3 levels, namely 3, 5, 7 minutes. Based on these 2 factors, there are 13 optimization formulas. The variables observed consisted of qualitative analysis, namely phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and glycosides), antibacterial activity, and extract characteristics (pH, color). The results showed the optimum conditions for inhibitory zone of Escherichia coli 8.256 mm and Staphylococcus aureus 7.987 mm. The qualitative test results showed that the kecombrang flower positively contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and glycosides.
Farmers’ term of trade in Indonesia: an overview during pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Pinilih M , Rakhmawati D , Rosyidi R
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic sector, including the agricultural sector. This research will look at the agricultural sector’s condition, especially the welfare of farmers represented in the value of the Framers’ Term of Trade (FTT) during the COVID-19 pandemic and will forecast FTT for September 2020. This research uses Farmers’ Term of Trade (FTT) data obtained from the Indonesian Statistics Bureau (BPS). FTT data were used from January 2016 to August 2020. The Single Exponential Smoothing (SES), used to forecast the FTT value in September 2020, and the determination of the most optimal forecasting value used Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that the TFF value, recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced a drastic decline in May 2020 with a TFF value of 99.46. The forecasting calculations using the SES and MAPE methods showed that the most optimal FTT value for September 2020 was 100.63, with a MAPE value of 19.97 percent.
Marker identification and phylogenetic analysis of saline tolerant rice varieties
Authors: Suprayogi  , Dewi P S , Oktaviani E , Aisya A W , Prasetia R G N
Published: May 2021

Selection for saline tolerant rice genotypes has been based on morphological or physiological character. These two characters are phenotypically affected by environmental factors, such that, their reliabilities for selection criteria are obscure. Molecular marker assisted selection has been reported to be an effective and efficient selection method as molecular markers are not influenced by environmental factors. The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the phylogenetic relationship of rice genotypes based on SSR markers, and (2) to know the reliability of microsatellite markers for phylogenetic analysis of rice genotypes in relation to salinity tolerance. The research was conducted from July to October 2020 at Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia. DNA extraction was carried out using CTAB method. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used for determination of genomic DNA quality and concentration. PCR was performed using 2720 Applied Biosystems Thermal Cycler. Seventeen microsatellite primers, namely: RM129, RM156, RM222, RM223, RM224, RM241, RM292, RM342B, RM444, RM426, RM493, RM519, RM528, RM1287, RM3412, RM8094, and Wn11463, were analyzed on eight rice genotypes, namely: Inpari Unsoed-79 Agritan, Cisadane, Atomita-2, Pelopor, Dendang, Lambur, Siak Raya, and IR 29. Extraction of genomic DNA has resulted in high quality DNA of 100 ng/μL concentration. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the eight genotypes could be grouped into two clusters. Tolerant variety of Inpari Unsoed-79 Agritan was distantly apart from the susceptible variety IR29.
Investigation of condition factor of wild spiny lobster juvenile Panulirus spp. inhabit in Cilacap waters, Indonesia
Authors: Haryono F E D , Winanto T , Amron  , Trenggono M , Harisam R T , Wisudyanti D
Published: May 2021

The aim of study is to analyze Length-Weight Correlation [LWC] and Condition Factor [CF] of wild spiny lobster juvenile Panulirus spp. (Decapoda: Palinuridae) inhabit in Cilacap waters. Juvenile of spiny lobsters are collected by dives and lighted attractor as juvenile trap from August to October 2018. The spiny lobster juvenile from study site is collected and accommodated in stereo foam box containing sea water and aerated. The juvenile is transported to laboratory and kept in 50×70×50 cm glass box containing sea water, aerated and identified. Total of 231 spiny lobster juveniles were collected and identified were found three species, namely P. homarus (213 individuals), P. versicolor (9 individuals) and P, ornatus (11 individuals). Minimum of CLand weight were found 3.2 mm and 0.01 g; and maximum were obtained 21 mm and 0.52 g. The LWC juvenile was found strong relation and were close to 1. The CF Panulirus spp. juvenile was obtained 0.009865 ± 0.00409 and the CF of P. ornatus was the highest value [0.011218 ± 0.00406] than other species. The habitat of Cilacap coastal waters demonstrated more support to the growth of P. ornatus than the growth of P. homarus and P. versicolor.
Mangrove cluster as adaptation pattern of mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagoon
Authors: Hilmi Endang , Sari Lilik Kartika , Amron  , Cahyo Tri Nur , Sahri Siregar Asrul
Published: May 2021

Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) as the specific ecosystem is arranged by the mangrove ecosystem and lagoon ecosystem. The mangrove ecosystem in SAL needs high adaptation to reduce the impact of water tide, water inundation, water salinity, and other factors. This research aimed to analyze mangrove clustering in Segara Anakan Lagoon. The method of this research used Hierarchical Clustering Methods based on mangrove density to analyze cluster adaptation of the mangrove ecosystem. The result showed that (1) The mangrove density (diameter > 4 cm) to analysis mangrove clustering showed that East Segara Anakan had density between 900 – 5425 trees ha-1 (low-very high density ) and West Segara Anakan had density between 133 – 3.367 (low – high density). (2) the mangrove clustering showed that West Segara Anakan had three clusters. The first cluster was arranged by clustering of stations {((15.18),(9.17),(3.6)),8)); ((1.2),5)}. The second cluster was arranged by clustering of stations {(((4.10),14,12))}. And the third cluster was arranged by clustering of stations{(((11.20)16));(7.19))}. (b) East Segara Anakan also was formed by three clusters were the first cluster was formed by clustering of stations (2-(((4, 13), 6) ((1.12), ((4.13) ((5.10) (7.11)))) The second cluster was arranged by clustering of stations (9; ((8.15), (19, (20.21)))) The third cluster was formed by clustering of stations (18 (17, (14,16))).
Nutritional information access and dietary behavior among people with diabetes during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Subardjo Yovita Puri , Ramadhan Gumintang Ratna , Betaditya Dika , Syarifah Muflihatus , Fauziana Abidin Nurafifah
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic limiting physical contact. People with diabetes are associated with higher severity and mortality than people without diabetes due to Covid-19. People with diabetes still need access to nutritional information that can help to maintain glycemic control. This study aims to describe access to nutritional information for diabetics and their dietary behavior during the covid-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted on 72 people with Diabetes Mellitus. This study used the Dietary Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Nutritional Information Access Questionnaire via Google Form and phone call. The majority of respondents (74%) can’t visit dietitians or nutritionists at healthcare providers to get nutrition counseling or education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents get the nutrition information 42.9% by virtual media, 29.2% from health workers, 10% from family, 7.14% from friends, and 9.29% others did not get nutritional information. The most reliable source of information is from health workers, both delivered virtually or face to face. Most of them had difficulty recognizing the amount of energy needed, selecting a healthy diet, arranging meal plans, and managing dietary behavior challenges. It the important to construct nutritional education media that can help dietitians or nutritionists providing virtual education during a pandemic when people with diabetes can’t visit a healthcare provider.
Several ecological factors that determine the survival of temperature resistant Phytoseius amba
Authors: Budianto Bambang Heru , Rokhmani  , Basuki Edi
Published: May 2021

The ability of the predatory mite Phytoseius amba resistant temperature (results of superior applied research in 2018-2019) in controlling the spider mite Tetranychus urticae has not been stable in the long dry conditions in 2019. The instability of ability indicated by the decreased survival of temperature-resistant P. amba is closely related to various ecological factors, namely temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunshine intensity, leaf angle, density, and size cassava cultivar trichome and intra- and inter-species competition. Augmentation is an effort to release the mass of temperature-resistant P. amba predatory mites based on ecological factors. This biocontrol agent is still useful in playing a role in global warming conditions. The first-year research (2020) aims to determine the survival of P. amba resistant to temperature on a field scale and obtain key ecological factors that determine the survival of temperature-resistant P. amba local predator mites in cassava gardens in Banyumas Regency. The method used in the first year (2020) field-scale research was a survey with a random sampling technique. Samples were taken from the leaves of the Martapura cultivar in Cilacap. Data were analyzed using a randomized model variance analysis at an error rate of 0.1. The variance analysis results showed that among the temperature, humidity, rainfall, the density of adult T. urticae, nymphs, larvae, and eggs, the density factor of adult T. urticae mites was an ecological factor that determined the density of temperature-resistant P.amba mites on the field scale.
Factors affecting electricity consumption of residential consumers in Cambodia
Authors: Noeurn V
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this paper attempted to examine major factors that affect the electricity consumption of residential consumer type in Cambodia by observing through two approaches, socio-economic and direct-use perspectives. The end-use model and stepwise linear regression analysis were applied. The residential consumers were categorized into three levels of household income, such as; high, medium and low. The results of the actual data from survey questionnaire illustrated that determinant factors of electricity usage depended on the income level. High income households consumed 52% in residential sector, more than medium and low income households which had 34% and 14%, respectively. The regression analysis expressed, from socio-economic factors, the electricity consumption of residents had significantly been influenced by total monthly income, level of education and number of people per household. In direct-use perspective, comfort appliances consumed the most energy for 40.53% of total monthly consumption. It followed by cooking appliances with 33.53%, and recreation used 10.9% in the household. Lighting system required 7.85%; hence, the least consumed energy materials were cleaning-use, only 7.19% of total monthly usage. The residential consumers could wisely consume their monthly electricity consumption by saving on the affected factors.