bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large Language Publishing
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: October 2024

The AI hype cycle has come for scholarly publishing. This essay argues that the industry’s feverishーif mostly aspirationalーembrace of artificial intelligence should be read as the latest installment of an ongoing campaign. Led by Elsevier, commercial publishers have, for about a decade, layered a second business on top of their legacy publishing operations. That business is to mine and process scholars’ works and behavior into prediction products, sold back to universities and research agencies. This article focuses on an offshoot of the big firms’ surveillance-publishing businesses: the post-ChatGPT imperative to profit from troves of proprietary “training data,” to make new AI products andーthe essay predictsーto license academic papers and scholars’ tracked behavior to big technology companies. The article points to the potential knowledge effects of AI models in academia: Products and models are poised to serve as knowledge arbitrators, by picking winners and losers according to what they makevisible. I also cite potential knock-on effects, including incentives for publishers to roll back open access (OA) and new restrictions on researchers’ access to the open web. The article concludes with a call for a coordinated campaign of advocacy and consciousness-raising, paired with high-quality, in-depth studies of publisher data harvestingーbuilt on the premise that another scholarly-publishing world is possible. There are many good reasons to restore custody to the academy, the essay argues. The latest is to stop our work from fueling the publishers’ AI profits.
Algorithm Insurance of Portal for Public Transport Schedules
Authors: Krastev Georgi , Georgiev Tsvetozar
Published: October 2024

An algorithm for automated generating of itinerary between two randomly chosen bus stops has been described in this article. The itinerary may be generated according to the time of departure or according to the desired time of arrival at a certain bus stop.
Effects of Armed Conflicts on The National Security of Post Conflicts States, A Case Study of Juba County in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan
Authors: Kumba Jemma Nunu , Murenga Hadija , Bor Eric
Published: October 2024

This paper assessed the nature of existing armed conflicts and their effect on security management, established the influence of the local and regional dynamics of conflicts on security management and finally examined the effect of the emerging security threats on security management strategies in Juba County, South Sudan. The study was guided by two theories; Conflict Transformation and National Security theories. The study used descriptive survey research design and Purposive sampling technique to enlist 210 respondents for this study. The main method of data collection was the interview. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and reported in narrative form. The study established a dichotomy of existing armed conflicts; external and internal conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan that had serious implication on both Security Management and National security. The second objective established the influence of local and regional dynamics that affected security management that included; Interlocking political and tribal division aspects of conflict, the influence of insurgents and armed cross border militia groups; greed for livestock by political elites that saw them arm their tribal militia with modern guns and military hardware for ease of livestock theft, amongst others. The third objective established the effect of several emerging security threats on Security Management strategies in Juba County, which included migrant migration for domestic and international child soldiering recruitment in the context of the on-going civil war and also for soldiering elsewhere outside the country. This paper establishes a regional policy concern that South Sudan is largely unsafe, and by implication the whole region is unlikely to be safe. This calls for an immediate action by all security stakeholders, UN agencies, Non State Actors, security pundits and think tanks to brainstorm and chart a way forward for South Sudan and the entire region.
A formação de professores de Ciências da Natureza em quatro experiências Pibid: reflexões sobre dimensões formativas enunciadas por estudantes e docentes
Authors: Gimenes Camila Itikawa
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, resultante de uma pesquisa de doutoramento que investigou as experiências Pibid em quatro licenciaturas de Ciências da Natureza: Biologia, Ciências, Física e Química, analisamos três dimensões formativas não previstas pelas categorias inicialmente adotas, quais sejam: as mediações entre novidade e tradicional no ensino; o tempo; a individualidade para si, e suas implicações para a formação de professores de Ciências da Natureza a partir da pedagogia histórico-crítica e da compreensão da formação inicial como práxis. Concluímos que há uma demanda latente dos sujeitos entrevistados por superar o estado atual de coisas de precarização da educação e de precarização da vida, valorizando espaços de produção de novas práticas e de sentidos para o ser docente, de formas mais humanizadas de relacionar-se e de sua individualidade para si.
¿Cómo enfrentar de la mejor manera los desafíos de la salud mental en la educación médica?
Authors: Rubio-Romero Jorge Andrés , Gaitán-Duarte Hernando
Published: October 2024

Editorial
Integrated Modeling of Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing of Low-Permeable Reservoirs
Authors: Astafyev V. N. , Mitrofanov G. M.
Published: October 2024

The most effective method for developing lowpermeability reservoirs is multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF), which is confirmed by its intensive development in Russia. A feature of modeling hydraulic fracturing of low-permeability reservoirs is not only the need to calculate the optimal parameters of multi-stage hydraulic fractures and their relative positions, but also taking into account the influence of hydraulic fracturing on changes in the filtration properties of the formation. To create an optimal multi-stage hydraulic fracturing model, it is necessary to improve existing techniques and optimize them using 3D modeling, which in turn requires the use of extended well and laboratory research methods. As a result of the research performed, a new method for optimizing multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was created using input data from constructed petrophysical, lithologicalgeochemical, geomechanical, geological and hydrodynamic models. Direct interconnection of the input models and their inverse relationship with the results of calibration of the hydraulic fracturing model based on the analysis of hydraulic fracturing parameters and well operation reduce the influence of the subjective factor on the modeling and build more correct models of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. It is shown that the integrated modeling allows to create optimal multi-stage hydraulic fracturing models, and also to determine a set of additional studies necessary to clarify the data for correct design of the models. The proposed approach was tested in several fields with completely different geological and geophysical characteristics of the formations. For the first time in Russia MZHF technology for low-temperature gas formations using hydrocarbon-based fluid and high-speed hybrid MSHF of high-temperature oil formations were developed and performed. This became the basis for the development of low-permeability Turonian, Jurassic, Achimov reservoirs and unconventional deposits of the Bazhenov formation.
Stable Isotope Ratios δ18O, δ13C in Petroleum Geology Application
Authors: Krasnova E. A. , Stoupakova A. V. , Sautkin R. S. , Korzun A. V. , Bolshakova M. A. , Suslova A. A.
Published: October 2024

Isotopic studies are currently among the most prioritized methods for addressing critical challenges in petroleum geology, particularly in determining the nature and sources of organic matter. This paper briefly presents the results of utilizing isotopic markers in addressing issues related to: stratigraphic correlation, geochemical characterization of organic matter, and fluid dynamic reconstruction. The isotopic effects (δ18О, δ13С) observed in the study of Meso-Cenozoic sections in Crimea and the Western Pre-Caucasus have enabled the identification of global events, facilitating detailed stratigraphic correlation. Analysis of the isotopic-geochemical characteristics (δ13С) of fluids from sedimentary formations of varying ages allowed for the determination of formation conditions, the genesis of organic matter, and its geochemical classification for a group of fields at Kamennaya Vershina (Western Siberia). By integrating geochemical vertical zonality, evidence of hydrocarbon mixing from different origins, and the detection of localized thermal anomalies based on isotopic parameters, a comprehensive fluid dynamic model was developed, incorporating previously acquired geological and geophysical data.
Principles of Using Cl/Br, B/Br and Na/K Ratios to Clarify the Genesis of Natural Waters
Authors: Kireeva T. A.
Published: October 2024

The principles of using chlorine-bromine (Cl/ Br), boron-bromine (B/Br) and sodium-potassium (Na/K) ratios to determine the genesis of aqueous solutions are substantiated. Examples are given of clarifying the origin of waters, both natural and man-made, based on the relationship between the values of these coefficients and the mineralization of solutions (Mtot). It is shown that different values of the Cl/ Br coefficient make it possible not only to identify the difference between natural brines of concentration and brines of dissolution of halite strata, but also to identify groundwater contaminated with technogenic brines of hydrochloric acid treatments. Using the ratio B/Br > 1 makes it possible to diagnose the influx of high-temperature ( >100 °C) waters into deep aquifers, and is also a sign of the release of technogenic condensate waters. The value of the Na/K ratio, if reduced to 1 or less, makes it possible to reliably diagnose both technogenic brines and technogenically polluted fresh waters.
Changes in Kerogen and Mineral Matrix Characteristics of Rocks of Bazhenov Deposits during Laboratory Modelling of Hydrothermal Processes
Authors: Savostin G. G. , Kalmykov A. G. , Vaitekhovich A. P. , Pronina N. V. , Griaznova D. A. , Marunova D. A. , Kalmykov G. A.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of rock samples from Bazhenov deposits before and after laboratory modelling of hydrothermal processes in autoclaves. To evaluate the influence of hydrothermal influence on rocks of different degrees of transformation, 3 samples from the well, the rocks in which are located at the very beginning of the main zone of oil formation (PK3–MK1), and 4 samples from the well, the rocks in which are located in the middle of generation (MK2–MK3) were studied. Comparison of samples before and after heating was carried out by means of pyrolytic, coal petrography studies and analyses of polished section under scanning electron microscope. It is shown that at 350 °C there is a change in pyrolytic characteristics of the rock, which depends on the nature of organic matter and the degree of catagenetic transformation of kerogen at the time of exposure. It was found that as a result of exposure the initial macerals decrease in size and change their luminescence in ultraviolet light, secondary (kerogenic) porosity appears in onychite fragments. New minerals, in particular barium zeolites, are formed in the rocks. Identification of such formations in natural objects may indicate the occurrence of local temperature processes, which may lead to heterogeneity of organic matter transformation in Bazhenov sediments and should be taken into account to identify local zones of increased catagenesis.
Production of Shale Oil and Gas in the US: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Ivanov N. A. , Poussenkova N. N. , Sokolov A. V.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes resilience factors of tight oil and gas production in the USA. The US is the only country in the world that currently produces shale hydrocarbons on a commercial scale, though other petroleum states try to emulate their success in this sphere. The American shale revolution became possible due to a massive application of hydrofracking in combination with horizontal drilling to produce tight oil and gas. Therefore, the mighty technological potential of the American petroleum sector became the key success factor of the US shale revolution. However, technological breakthroughs are necessary, but not sufficient for ensuring a stable development of the shale industry. Of particular importance is the institutional framework of the US shale sector that is characterized by an efficient system of subsurface use, a powerful financial and industrial base, a long-term strategy of the state support for R&D, a reasonable fiscal policy, a transparent regulation, as well as a competitive and diversified structure of the shale sector. This unique combination of factors will be extremely difficult to replicate in other countries. When constructing long-term scenarios of oil and gas production, the US Energy Information Administration proceeds from the key assumptions of resource availability and rates of improving production technologies. The analysis of the shale phenomenon permits to conclude that these two factors are interconnected – the continuous technological progress of the sector ensures the enhanced oil and gas recovery ratio. As a result, the production growth is accompanied by the growth of resource availability. The limits to this trend are not visible yet, and, therefore, it means that the upside potential of shale production is not exhausted.
Features of Geometrization of Deposits in Deltaic Sandstones of Cretaceous Sediments in the North of the West Siberian Oil and Gas Province
Authors: Kuznetsova V. A. , Kostenevich K. A. , Shirikova E. V.
Published: October 2024

Based on the complex geological and geophysical information and results of laboratory core studies, the detailed structure of sand sediments of the underwater part of the delta system has been studied. This has allowed to explain the distribution of hydrocarbons in the deposits due to morphological features of sedimentological objects.The work used the results of spectral decomposition of seismic data, interpretation of which allows to reconstruct with high detail morphology and structure of studied sediments. Sedimentological analysis of core was performed. The conclusions were compared with actual data of geological and geophysical well studies. The work identified two classes of sandstones with different filtration characteristics, which, taking into account seismic facies analysis, formed the basis for a conceptual geological model of the progradation of the sea delta coast with a predominance of wave processes.The presented conceptual model explains the distribution of sand material, its filtration characteristics, takes into account the physical processes of formation of the sediment profiles and allows to more accurately predict the distribution of the productive part of the formation, which helps to increase the success of drilling horizontal wells.The presented conceptual model explains the distribution of sandy material, its filtration characteristics, takes into account the physical processes of formation of the sediment profile of the sea coast and makes it possible to more accurately predict the distribution of the productive part of the formation, which helps to increase the success of drilling horizontal wells.
Clinical significance of analysis of long non-coding RNA PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1, and OLMALINC expression by polymerase chain reaction in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kovaleva Olga V. , Podlesnaya Polina A. , Kudinova Ekaterina S. , Mochalnikova Valeria V. , Kushlinskii Nikolay E. , Gratchev Alexey N.
Published: October 2024

Rationale: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence tumor cell properties during the onset and progression of lung malignancies; however, their diagnostic and prognostic significance has not been determined. We have previously shown that when non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells acquire a more malignant phenotype (under the influence of macrophagal cytotoxic activity) compared to the original cell lines, the expression of several lncRNAs, in particular PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1, and OLMALINC, is altered compared to the original cell lines.
Aim: A comparative analysis of lncRNAs PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1, and OLMALINC expression in tissue samples from lung tumors and conditionally normal areas of the lungs and an assessment of the lncRNAs clinical significance.
Methods: We have analyzed surgical samples of the tumor and conditionally normal tissue from 16 patients with a verified diagnosis of NSCLC. The expression level of lncRNAs PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1 and OLMALINC was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To analyze the long-term treatment results and clinical significance of the studied genes, the patients were divided into two comparison groups depending on the relative level of lncRNAs expression (above or below the median).
Results: The expression of lncRNAs PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1 and OLMALINC in the lung tumor tissue was significantly reduced compared to the conditionally normal tissues (p = 0.0034; p = 0.002 and p = 0.0172, respectively). Analysis of the association between the expression of these lncRNAs with clinical and morphological characteristics, such as disease stage, tumor size, presence of regional and distant metastases was unable to identify any regular patterns. The expression of lncRNAs PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1 and OLMALINC was not a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.364; p = 0.759 and p = 0.184, respectively). However in the case of high OLMALINC and PSMB8-AS1 expression, median survival was 47 months, while in the case of their low expression, median survival was not achieved during the follow-up. The expression of lncRNA PSMB8-AS1 in NSCLC tumors positively correlated with the expression of lncRNA OLMALINC (r = 0.680, p = 0.007), which may indicate their functional interplay or the presence of common regulatory mechanisms.
Conclusion: The NSCLC tumors demonstrated aberrant expression of PSMB8-AS1, MBNL1-AS1, and OLMALINC lncRNAs. A more detailed study of their expression in various cell types and their regulatory role would allow for validation of new therapeutic targets in NSCLC, as well as for development of alternative therapies.
Prohibition of driving vehicles in the punishment system
Authors: Larchenko Aleksandr A.
Published: October 2024

Subject of research: the norms of criminal legislation of Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the USSR, Poland, Spain, the Federal Republic of Germany, Estonia, defining deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle as a type of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions and engage in certain activities, as well as the problematic aspects of its appointment.
Purpose of research: to identify problematic aspects and ways to improve the norms of the criminal law defining the system of punishments of the Republic of Belarus, and to make proposals to overcome them.
Object of research: criminal law relations arising from the application of criminal liability with the imposition of punishment of deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle as a type of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions and engage in certain activities, which were studied by applying a retrospective and comparative legal analysis of the approaches of domestic and foreign legislators to this punishment.
Main results of research: it is proposed to provide for an independent punishment in the form of a ban on driving in the Belarusian penal system, while its possible legal structure is described.
The Frank-Wulf method in modeling information systems
Authors: Semakhin Andrey M.
Published: October 2024

Subject of research: the process of choosing the best option for the structure of an information system under given conditions at the design stage.
Purpose of research: to increase the efficiency and quality of the validity of decision-making, to reduce time and financial costs when choosing the structure of an information system at the design stage.
Methods and objects of research: the object of research is an information system. The problem of nonlinear programming is formulated. A mathematical model of choosing the optimal variant of an information system is presented. By the method of expert assessments, information system projects with point values are determined. Information system projects with maximum values of scores are selected to determine the optimal option. The method of the conditional Frank-Wolf gradient determines the optimal solution of a nonlinear mathematical model. The essence of gradient methods is a sequential change in the value of the objective function when moving from the starting point of the domain of acceptable solutions to the optimal value of the function. The algorithm of the Frank-Wulff method includes the following steps: determining the initial value of the point of the domain of acceptable solutions, calculating the gradient, determining the optimal solution to a linear programming problem, moving to a new point, checking the condition for the end of the iterative process. The iterative process of determining the optimal solution ends when the calculated value of the calculation accuracy is less than the given value.
Main results of research: preliminary projects of the information system were determined using the method of expert assessments, the optimal solution of the mathematical model of nonlinear programming by the Frank-Wolf method was found. A mathematical model for determining the optimal design of an information system will improve the efficiency and quality of the validity of decisions made, reduce financial costs and design time of information systems. The results obtained can be used in further research on this topic.
Maintenance of RZA equipment according to technical condition
Authors: Sushko Alexander A. , Pyatkov Sergey G.
Published: October 2024

Subject of research: methods of maintenance and adjustment of relay protection and automation devices (RPA) in electrical power systems.
Purpose of research: analysis of existing maintenance and adjustment methods, development of proposals for their optimization to increase the efficiency and reliability of electrical power systems.
Methods of research: the research used methods of analysis of regulatory documents, survey of specialists and analysis of publications.
Main results of research: identification of a lack of standardization of procedures, problems with personnel qualifications and the discrepancy of some devices with the declared characteristics. The findings highlight the need to develop unified approaches to maintenance and commissioning, as well as improve the professional training of specialists. The results of the study can be used to improve the practices of maintenance and adjustment of relay protection and automation systems, which helps to increase the reliability of electric power systems.
Solution of the Steiner problem in the search for optimal network structure using population optimization methods
Authors: Tkachenko Vsevolod A.
Published: October 2024

Subject of research: This paper considers an example of solving the Steiner problem for the design of utilities, in particular, power lines.
Purpose of research: The study is electrical networks. The study is to assess the suitability of using genetic algorithms to find the network connection scheme with the lowest total active power losses.
Methods and objects of research: Heuristic methods of population optimization are applied as a research method.
Main results of research: As a result of the work, the suitability of applying genetic algorithms to solve the Steiner problem on the example of an electrical network to minimize total power losses has been evaluated.
Chitosan solutions and films properties obtained using electromagnetic-activated water
Authors: Stas Irina Y. , Popova Ekaterina A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of research: to obtain chitosan films with improved performance properties by using water activated by an electromagnetic field of the radio frequency range as a solvent.
Objects of research: water activated by an electromagnetic field of the radio frequency range (90-200 MHz), as well as chitosan solutions and films obtained using it.
Methods of research: conductometry, potentiometry, densitometry, viscometry, turbidimetry, gravimetry, IR spectroscopy are used in the work. To determine the deformation and strength characteristics of the films, a universal testing machine with an electromechanical drive УТС-110M was used.
Main results of research: The effect of pretreatment of water with an electromagnetic field of various frequencies on the properties of acetic acid (2 %) chitosan solutions in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0% has been studied. A decrease in surface tension by 2.0–5.2 % was found, as well as an increase in light transmission by 10-30 % and viscosity of solutions by 24-37 % at a chitosan concentration of 1.0-2.0 %. These effects are most pronounced for frequencies of 70, 90, 110 and 130 MHz. Films were prepared from 2 % chitosan solutions and their deformation-strength and sorption characteristics with respect to water vapor were determined. The greatest increase in tensile strength was found for chitosan films obtained from solutions prepared on water activated by an electromagnetic field with frequencies of 70 and 110 MHz (38 and 23 %, respectively). A decrease in the hygroscopicity of films and an increase in the intensity of bands in the IR spectra of films obtained using activated water were found.
Characterisation and properties of Nanohybrid Dental Composite (NhDC) reinforced with zirconia and alumina
Authors: Nordin Nurul Najwa Mohd , Ismail Noor Huda , Mohamad Dasmawati , Yhaya Mohd Firdaus , Awang Raja Azman Raja
Published: October 2024

A trial nanohybrid dental composite (NHDC) was developed using silica extracted from biowaste rice. Aim: This study aims to test the effect of mixture of the silica and other filler which is zirconia and alumina, focusing on the characterization and their properties. Nano-silica obtained from rice husk was used as NHDC filler. Methods: Nanosilica white powder, derived from rice husk, was used. There were three groups: Group I, Zr (2%) and Al (3%); group II, Zr (3%) and Al (2%); and group III, Zr (3%). The distribution of filler particles and the chemical structure of filler particles were determined by FESEM images and FTIR test. Then, testing on Vickers hardness (VHN) and fracture strength (FS) of the samples was performed. Results: The distribution of filler particles showed a uniform distribution, and each peak element of the fillers was shown in the FTIR spectrum images. There was significantly increased on VHN and FS after addition of zirconia and alumina. Conclusion: This study concluded that zirconia and alumina strengthen the NHDC properties with addition of zirconia and alumina filler.
Enhancing dental practice
Authors: Alqahtani Sultan Awad Hasan
Published: October 2024

Digital technology offers many opportunities and challenges across various domains. Aim: This comprehensive review explores the transformative impact of digitalization on dental practices, encompassing digital Imaging, 3D printing, intraoral scanners, teledentistry, Artificial Intelligence, CAD-CAM technology, and virtual reality. Methods: A rigorous search was conducted across various electronic bases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The search employed keywords such as “Orthodontics,” “Dental Health,” “Dental Imaging,” “CAD-CAM,” “Digital Medicine,” “Teleconsultation,” “Intraoral Scanner,” “Artificial Intelligence (AI),” “Digital Health,” “Teledentistry,” and “3D Dentistry.” Papers published between 2017 and the present were considered, focusing on peer-reviewed journals and reviews providing comprehensive insights into digital dentistry. Results: The review highlights the diverse facts of digitalization in dentistry, emphasizing its potential benefits for patient practitioners and the dental industry. Digital impressions, 3D printing, and CAD-CAM are streamlining restorative dentistry. In orthodontics, digital models enable precise simulations. Artificial Intelligence promises more efficient diagnostics and treatment planning. Conclusion: Digital technology is poised to reshape dentistry, improving efficiency, patient outcomes, and practitioner experiences. However, challenges such as data security and ethical considerations must be addressed. The successful integration of digital dentistry into dental practice will require more research and innovation, even though this review offers a thorough overview of the field.
The recent developments in EV batteries and REEs recovery processes from spent NiMH batteries
Authors: Ulucan Tülin , Burat Fırat
Published: October 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular than internal combustion engines for reasons such as ease of use, durability, efficiency, and speed. Electric motors aim to improve the efficiency of energy storage systems and be more environmentally friendly. Due to the growing population, the number of vehicles in use is also increasing, leading to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon emissions. This demand has positively affected the battery market in the EV industry. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), along with lead-acid batteries, nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, are frequently preferred in the EV industry. NiMH batteries contain approximately 35–50% nickel (Ni), 5–20% rare earth elements (REEs), and 10% iron (Fe) by weight. Considering the supply and demand gap for REEs, often called “vitamins of modern industry”, the recovery of REEs from waste NiMH batteries, which contain high amounts of these elements, becomes important. In this review article, literature on EVs, their types, and EV battery types is presented. In addition, the recycling process of NiMH batteries, which are very rich in REEs and precious metals, such as Ni, cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), is discussed, and the enrichment methods effective in the recycling process of NiMH batteries are examined.
MiR-27 and MiR-145 mediate neural differentiation signaling pathways in dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Triplett Hunter , Bassett Charlton , Kingsley Karl , Howard Katherine M.
Published: October 2024

Many types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs, may be useful in the tissue regeneration of many cell and tissue types. Recent studies have found that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) may also be capable of differentiating into bone, tooth, and possibly neural progenitors. To evaluate the potential mechanisms that control this differentiation among DPSCs, previous work identified two potential microRNA targets, miR-27 and miR-145, using an existing DPSC biorepository and n = 12 DPSC lines treated with neural differentiation stimuli (epidermal growth factor or EGF, and basic fibroblast growth factor or bFGF), as well as non-treated (negative) controls. The goal of this project was to evaluate whether downstream targets of microRNAs miR-27 and miR-145 found in MSC neural differentiation are also involved in the regulation of neural differentiation in DPSCs. Using the RNA derived from previous studies, this retrospective analysis screened validated downstream targets and revealed differences between significant mRNA expressions of control and treated DPSCs, including miR-27-specific targets INO80D, BTF3, HECW2, and ADCY1, as well as miR-145 downstream targets FSCN1 and SRGAP2, which may be neural differentiation mediators in other types of MSCs. These results suggest that these targets may play significant roles in the neuronal differentiation pathway of DPSCs, which supports the theory that DPSCs and the microRNAs that control their development may be critical in the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to continue exploring the viability of these pathways as targets for treatment development.
Progress of the Oxidation at 1000°C of a Low–Mn High–Cr Cantor’s Alloy in Natural Air
Authors: Amrouche Lyna , Berthod Patrice
Published: October 2024

In order to discover how formed the multiple oxides observed in the final external scales after long exposure of a low–Mn high–Cr Cantor’s alloy to hot air, oxidation tests in furnace were performed for seven different durations. Metallographic characterization was carried out concerning the oxidation products obtained after each test duration. The different oxides did not appear one after the other, but simultaneously, at the early beginning of the exposure to hot air and after. They thickened all progressively and the chemical composition of each also evolved with time, more or less. Globally the innermost oxide is almost chromia much richer in Cr than in Mn while the outermost one contains Mn principally. The interrupted tests also allowed specifying the mass gain kinetic, which is parabolic, twice faster than a chromia–forming alloy. Despite the lowered content in Mn, manganese still plays an important role in the oxidation phenomenon, starting very early.
Adopting Sustainability Competencies in Management Education - A Scoping Review of Progress
Authors: Khare Anshuman , MacNeil Patricia
Published: October 2024

There is a growing urgency to address society’s complex issues, many of which are incorporated within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Higher education has a special role and responsibility to support and promote these goals. The SDG framework helps students understand SDGs, but special competencies are necessary to address them effectively. Sustainability competencies impart the personal/emotional development missing from current programming, but higher education institutions have been reluctant to introduce them into the curricula. This study examines the ongoing debate about integrating sustainability competencies into higher education curricula. We employed a scoping review to synthesize the current issues and highlight key barriers to changing the curricula.

Contrary to a commonly expressed theme in the literature, scholarly opinion has converged around a singular model for sustainability competencies, the framework proposed by Wiek et al. (2011) and the 2021 update. Integrating sustainability competencies into management education responds to SDG-4 (quality education) and yields far-reaching impacts. The interconnectedness of the goals means that students acquire the competency to understand, address, and promote various SDGs. Given the absence of a policy decision to integrate sustainability competencies into higher education curricula, this paper provides a timely summary of the issues to focus on discussion and potential action. The focus is on business schools and changing management education. Business schools have been selected given the heightened demand from society for businesses to be more involved in and share responsibility for complex global issues like sustainability.
Knowledge and Practice Gaps in Healthcare Ethics: A Comparative Study of Two Ghanaian Hospitals
Authors: Adoma Prince Owusu , Acquah Francis , Kobina Felicia , Atta-Doku John Foster , Manu Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Maintaining patient trust, providing quality care, and safeguarding patients' rights and safety, all of which require strong adherence to ethical principles. This study assessed the key differential factors influencing healthcare ethics (HCE) practice in two Ghanaian hospitals. This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design, utilizing simple random sampling to recruit 382 healthcare professionals. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi-square tests and T-tests, while Random Forest analysis was applied to identify variables of relative importance to HCE practice. The study found no significant differences in HCE knowledge or practices between the facilities. However, in both facilities, knowledge of HCE significantly influenced HCE practice, indicating that individuals with better knowledge of HCE were more likely to practice HCE. Further, the analysis identified age, knowledge, education, and facility type as the most relevant factors in general. In the sub-analysis, the key factors varied between facilities: for Facility A, age, knowledge, gender, and the intention to change profession were most relevant, while for Facility B, knowledge, education, gender, and age were the dominant factors. HCE training programs should be tailored to meet the unique needs of each facility to ensure effectiveness since factors influencing HCE may vary by facility.
Simulation System for V2X Applications
Authors: Vladyko Andrei , Plotnikov Pavel , Tambovtsev Gleb
Published: October 2024

The issue of organizing efficient interaction between V2X system elements has become increasingly critical in recent years. Utilizing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology enables achieving the necessary balance of safety, reducing system load, and ensuring a high degree of vehicle automation. This study aims to develop a simulation system for V2X applications in various element placement configurations and conduct a numerical analysis of several V2X system interaction schemes. The research analyzes various methods, including clustering, edge computing, and fog computing, aimed at minimizing system losses. The results demonstrate that each proposed model can be effectively implemented on mobile nodes. Results also provide insights into the average expected request processing times, thereby enhancing V2X system organization. The authors propose a comprehensive model that enables the distribution and prediction of system parameters and resources for diverse computational tasks, essential for the successful implementation and utilization of V2X technology.
Study of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE‐MILCH PROJECT
Authors: Nuti Francesca , Real Fernández Feliciana , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Fanos Vassilios , Street Maria Elisabeth , Palanza Paola , Rovero Paolo , Papini Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is inevitable, and growing scientific evidence indicates that even very low doses can negatively impact human health, particularly during pregnancy and the neonatal period. As part of the European project LIFE18 ENV/IT/00460, this study aims to identify the presence of EDCs in 20 infant formulas (both powdered and liquid) and the release from baby bottles and teats. Particularly, sensitization of young people and future parents towards the potential harmful effects of EDCs could significantly help to reduce exposure. Seven different UPLC-MS/MS methodologies and one ICP-AES were set-up to quantify already assessed and suspected EDCs among 85 different chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, phthalates, pesticides, herbicides, and their main metabolites, PFAS, and metals). Results showed that in 2 out of 14 baby bottles only anthracene and phenanthrene of the group of PAHs were released (10.68-10.81 ng/mL). Phthalates such as mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were found in 9 of 14 samples (0.054–0.140 ng/mL), while mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MeOHP) appeared in 2 samples (0.870–0.930 ng/mL). In accordance with current EU regulations, other chemicals were not detected in baby bottles and teats. However, Bisphenols, Parabens, PAHs, Phthalates, PFAS and Metals were detected in infant formula, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and public health interventions.
Design and Multi-Objective Optimization of Auxetic Sandwich Panels for Blastworthy Structures Using Machine Learning Method
Authors: Andika Andika , Santosa Sigit Puji , Widagdo Djarot , Pratomo Arief Nur
Published: October 2024

Design and multi-objective optimization of auxetic sandwich panels (ASPs) are performed to enhance the blastworthiness of armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). Various metastructures in the form of four auxetic geometries are proposed as the sandwich core: re-entrant honeycomb (REH), double-arrow honeycomb (DAH), star honeycomb (SH), and tetra-chiral honeycomb (CH). This paper employs a combination of finite element (FE) and machine learning (ML) methodologies to evaluate blastworthiness performance. Optimization is carried out using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) method. The optimization results show significant improvements in blastworthiness performance, with notable reductions in permanent displacement and enhancements in specific energy absorption (SEA). Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) reveals that cell thickness is the most critical factor affecting blastworthiness performance, followed by the number of cells and corner angle or radius for CH. The application of optimized ASP on AFVs shows promising results, with no failure occurring in the occupant floor. Furthermore, AFVs equipped with the optimized ASP DAH significantly reduce maximum displacement and acceleration by 39.00% and 43.56%, respectively, and enhance SEA by 48.30% compared to optimized aluminum foam sandwich panels (AFSPs). This study concludes that ASPs have potential applications in broader engineering fields.
Etiology and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections in Women in a Multidisciplinary Hospital in Romania
Authors: Anton Corina Ioana , Ștefan Ion , Zamfir Mădălina , Ghiațău Constantin Florin , Sima Cristian , Osman Coralia Luciana , Ștefan Teodora Alexia , Streinu-Cercel Adrian
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a significant health concern, particularly in women, with almost half of them experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. This problem is further compounded by the high recurrence rate within 6-12 months. Postmenopausal women are especially vulnerable to recurrent UTI due to the natural decline in estrogen levels, which alters the urogenital epithelium and subsequently affects the urogenital microbiome. Methods: This study included 674 female patients that were admited at "Dr. Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency University Hospital in Bucharest over a period of 3 years. Results: Of the 674 women with urinary tract infection, 435 (79.3%) had more than one positive culture, and 239 (35.4%) experienced at least one recurrent urinary tract infection 6-12 months after the initial diagnosis. The mean age of women with urinary tract infection was 63 (± 15.61 years). Recurrent urinary tract infections were most prevalent in those aged 65-80 years (52%). Escherichia coli was detected in 71% of the positive cultures. Conclusions: The management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women presents a complex challenge that necessitates a multifaceted approach. The emerging understanding of the urobiome and its role in bladder health offers promising avenues for developing targeted interventions. As research in this field advances, it is imperative to integrate these new insights into clinical practice to balance traditional antibiotic treatments with novel strategies that consider the intricate microbial ecosystem of the urinary tract.
One Health Approach to Study the Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Urban Agriculture in Burkina Faso
Authors: Diarra Fatimata Bintou Josiane , Bonkoungou Isidore Juste Ouindgueta , Garba Zakaria , Somda Namwin Siourimè , Soma Djifahamaï , Nikiema Marguerite Edith Malatala , Bako Evariste , Sawadogo Natéwindé , Barro Nicolas , Haukka Kaisa
Published: October 2024

Data on antimicrobial resistance in Burkina Faso’s agricultural sector is still limited. The study assessed the occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamase -producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and Klebsiella spp. (ESBL-K) in lettuce, environment, and gardeners’ stools in market gardens in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 356 samples were collected from three vegetable gardens (76 lettuce, 76 soil, 62 manure, 63 irrigation water and 79 human stools). ESBL-selective medium was used for initial selection of ESBL-producing bacteria, and the isolates were further identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of ESBL-Ec and/or ESBL-K in the samples was 232/356 (65.2%). Of the lettuce samples, the prevalence of ESBL-Ec was 19/76 (25.0%) and ESBL-K 33/76 (43.4%). In the market gardens environment, the prevalence of ESBL-Ec was 32/201 (15.9%) and ESBL-K 124/201 (61.7%). In the gardeners’ stools the prevalence of ESBL-Ec was 42/79 (53.2%) and ESBL-K 24/79 (30.4%). Two ESBL-K isolates were found to produce NDM carbapenemase. Due to the high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, which may also be carbapenemase producers, it is necessary to monitor pathogens in agricultural products with a "One Health" approach to limit and prevent infections in the population.
Redesign and Development of Flexible Packaging for Enhanced Recyclability in Sustainable Food Applications
Authors: Bernal–Carrillo Johnatan Gabriel , Susunaga–Notario Ana del Carmen , Calleja Elsa María de la , Dehnor–Gómez Mariamne , Lugo–Uribe Luis E. , Ángel–Monroy Mayra del , Pereyra Isa , Cano–Figueroa Martha Angélica , Mayén Jan , Arcos–Gutiérrez Hugo , Garduño Isaías E.
Published: October 2024

The circular economy and sustainable development are crucial in addressing environmental pollution from solid waste, especially plastics. Plastic waste has sparked significant social concerns, driving a redesign of products in the flexible packaging industry. This study focuses on redesigning flexible plastic packaging to improve recyclability and accelerate degradability while maintaining essential mechanical and barrier properties for food applications. The goal is to create sustainable packaging that reduces material usage, ensures recyclability, and promotes faster degradation at the product's end of life. The study compared the redesigned packaging's mechanical, physical, and barrier properties with existing products. Results showed that switching from a trilaminate to a bilaminate structure, as in laminated coils and Doypack packaging, reduced material thickness without compromising performance. Oxygen permeability was maintained at 35.38 cc/m²·day, and moisture permeability at 0.56 mg/m²·day for laminated coils. These changes reduced raw material consumption by 26.48% for laminated coils and 12.68% for Doypack packaging. Additionally, a degradable solution combining cellulose paper with a high-barrier polymer reduces plastic adhesives and solvents by 50%, reducing water usage. This research provides a practical approach to more sustainable flexible packaging in the food industry, achieving material reductions without sacrificing performance. The findings can be directly applied to promote sustainable packaging solutions within circular economy initiatives.
On the Thermomechanics of Hadrons and Their Mass Spectrum
Authors: Chiatti Leonardo
Published: October 2024

A little-known thermomechanical relation between entropy and action, originally discovered by Boltzmann in the classical domain, was later reconsidered by de Broglie in relation to the wave-particle duality in the free propagation of single particles. In this paper we present a version adapted to the phenomenological description of the hadronization process. The substantial difference with respect to the original de Broglie scheme is represented by the universality of the temperature at which the process occurs; this in fact coincides with the Hagedorn temperature. The main results are: 1) a clear connection between the universality of the temperature and the existence of a confinement radius of the color forces; 2) a lower bound on the hadronic mass, represented by the universal temperature, in agreement with experimental data; 3) a scale invariance which allows the reproduction of the well-known hadronic mass spectrum solution of the statistical bootstrap model. The approach therefore presents a heuristic interest connected to the study of the strong interaction.